bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and biological functions of tRNA-Derived Fragments Secreted by Extracellular Vesicles in sepsis-associated ARDS
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lei Jiaxi , Wang Huijuan , Liu Shiping , Zhan Liying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: To detect the expression level of tRNA-derived fragments secreted by extracellular vesiclesin sepsis and explore the influence of tRNA-derived fragments on the occurrence of sepsis.
Methods: High-throughput sequencing was performed to examine the tRFs belonging to the H-EV(Extracellular Vesicles derived from the plasma of healthy human) and S-EV (Extracellular Vesicles derived from the plasma of septic patients)groups. The expression of seven differentially expressed tRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR. Finally,Target prediction and bioinformatics analysis were performed to explore their co-targeted genes and biological functions.
Results: It was found that a variety of differentially expressed tRFs in the extracellular vesicles from sepsis patients by sequencing. There were 1 upregulated and 22 downregulated tRFs in S-EV group,respectively.Higher expression levels of plasma exosomal tiRNA-1:34-Glu-CTC-1-M2, and lower expression levels of tRF-52:71-chrM.Pro-TGG,tRF-1:28-chrM.Ser-TGA,tRF-60:76-Lys-TTT-3-M2,tRF-58:75-Cys-GCA-11-M7,tRF-1:15-Val-TAC-1-M3,tRF-59:76-Tyr-GTA-1-M2 in S-EV group were confirmed by qRT-PCR.
Conclusion: The tiRNA-1:34-Glu-CTC-1-M2 was over-expressed in S-EV group,which might be a diagnostic biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis.
Effect of silicon wafer surface stains on copper-assisted chemical etching
Authors: Ma Liang , Chen Xiuhua , Tang Chenggui , Li Shaoyuan , Xi Fengshuo , Lan Huayuan , Ma Wenhui , Chang Yuanchih 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Silicon wafer slicing is a crucial process of solar cell fabrication, this process often stains the silicon wafer surface, Thus, this work systematically investigated the composition, source, cleaning method of typical white spot stains on silicon wafer surface. The EDS and XPS results showed that the white spot stains contained CaCO3 and SiO2 that are basically consistent with the filler components in sticky stick glue. Meanwhile, The effects of stains on copper deposition and copper-assisted chemical etching were systematically studied, the white spot stain was still attached on silicon after the deposition and the etching process, we have fond that the stains can affect the uniform deposition of copper particles on the surface of the silicon wafer, it also impede the catalytic etching process of copper particles. Finally, the KOH solution combined with the ultrasonic field was proposed to remove the surface stains of the silicon wafer. This study has important guidance on knowledge and cleaning of silicon wafer contamination for fabricating high-efficiency solar cells.
The impact of radical prostatectomy on global climate: a prospective multicentre study comparing laparoscopic versus robotic surgery
Authors: Pastore Antonio , Fuschi Andrea , Salhi Yazan Al , DE NUNZIO COSIMO , Tema Giulia , Rera Onofrio Antonio , Carbone Flavia , Asimakopoulos Anastasios D. , Sequi Manfredi Bruno , Valenzi Fabio Maria , Suraci Paolo Pietro , Scalzo Silvio , Nardecchia Stefano , Martoccia Alessia , Carbone Antonio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: More than 4% of the global greenhouse gas emissions are generated by healthcare system. Focusing on the environmental impact of minimally invasive surgery, we assessed and compared the CO2 emissions between Robot-assisted (RALP) and Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (LRP).
METHODS: In patients prospectively enrolled, we evaluated the age, surgical and anesthesiologic time, postoperative intensive care unit and hospital stay, blood transfusion, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin and Gleason score, open conversion need, and complications (Clavien–Dindo classification). We assessed the life cycle to estimate the energy consumption for surgical procedures and hospital stays. We reported the materials, CO2 produced, and fluid quantity infused and dispersed. Disposable and reusable materials and instruments were weighed and divided into metal, plastic, and composite fibers. The CO2 consumption for disposal and decontamination was also evaluated.
RESULTS: Of the 223 patients investigated, 119 and 104 patients underwent RALP and LRP, respectively. The two groups were comparable as regards age and preoperative Gleason score. The laparoscopic and robotic instruments weighed 1733 g and 1737 g, respectively. The CO2 emissions due to instrumentation were higher in the laparoscopic group, with the majority coming from plastic and composite fiber components. The CO2 emissions for metal components were higher in the robotic group. The robot functioned at 3.5 kW/h, producing 4 kg/h of CO2. The laparoscopic column operated at 600 W/h, emitting ~1 kg/h of CO2. The operating room operated at 3,0 kW/h. The operating time was longer in the laparoscopic group, resulting in higher CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions from hospital room energy consumption were lower in the robot-assisted group. The total CO2 emissions were ~47 kg and ~60 kg per procedure in the robot-assisted and laparoscopic groups, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: RALP generates substantially less CO2 than LRP owing to the use of more reusable surgical supplies, shorter operative time and hospital stay.
Antibody-mediated delivery of TAPBPR enables the redirection of virus-specific T cell responses to tumour cells
Authors: Neerincx Andreas , Aflalo Aure , Hafstrand Ida , Torres Alice Abreu , McDowall Alison , Altenburg Arwen , Satti Reem , Ilca F , Okkenhaug Klaus , Wills Mark , Boyle Louise 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Low tumour immunogenicity is a major hurdle to overcome in the treatment of cancers with immunotherapies. Here, we reveal a novel therapeutic approach to increase tumour immunogenicity. By delivering the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) peptide exchange catalyst TAPBPR in an antibody-mediated manner onto the plasma membrane of tumour cells, extracellular MHC-I become highly peptide-receptive. Upon exposure to low doses of exogenous peptide, MHC-I molecules on tumour cells are efficiently loaded with immunogenic antigens, including those derived from human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. TAPBPR-antibody fusion proteins were delivered specifically to tumours in vivo. Finally, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells respond to tumour cells in a targeted manner and can mediate killing of antibody target-positive cells. As memory T cells specific for previously encountered common viruses patrol tumours, TAPBPR-based therapeutics could offer an attractive means to redirected virus-specific T cells against tumours in the fight against cancer.
Building trust and collaboration among the stakeholders in a Mobility as a Service ecosystem - A theoretical framework
Authors: Kandanaarachchi Thiranjaya , Nelson John D. , Ho Chinh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

This paper presents the findings of a study investigating the factors that build trust and collaboration among the stakeholders in a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) ecosystem. The research approach employed the Constructivist Grounded Theory Method (CGTM) using semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with the representatives of key stakeholder organisations in two selected MaaS ecosystems. A theoretical framework for trust and collaboration was developed to illustrate the process of forming and consolidating trust and collaboration in MaaS ecosystems. The findings suggest that trust acts as the antecedent and catalyst for building collaborative space within a MaaS ecosystem. Possessing a good understanding of partners’ expectations is a prerequisite for collaboration as the different stakeholders can sometimes have conflicting interests and goals. The capability of the partners, prior relationships and open negotiations emerged as the key constructs which form trust in a MaaS ecosystem. Findings show that collaboration among the stakeholders created an environment where they synergized their capabilities to co-create with each other, going beyond their role-based silos instead of restricting to contractual agreements.
The incidence of all organ malignancies and overall survival of patient with sustained virological response of HCV
Authors: Obi Shuntaro , Kanda Miho , Ooka Yoshihiko , Ohyama Hiroshi , Yokouchi Ritsuko , Sato Naho , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Omata Masao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective

This study prospectively observed the incidence of all malignancies and the prognosis of all patients in a population of patients who achieved Sustained Virological Response (SVR) with a 100% capture rate.

Design:

A prospective study of 651 SVR cases was conducted from July 2013 to December 2021. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of all malignancies, and the secondary endpoint was overall survival. The cancer incidence during the follow-up period was calculated using the man-year method, and risk factors were analyzed. In addition, sex- and age-matched standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were used to compare the general population with the study population.

Results

The overall median follow-up was 5.44 years. 107 malignancies occurred in 99 patients during the follow-up. The incidence of all malignancies was 3.94/100 person-years. The cumulative incidence was 3.6% at 1 year, 11.1% at 3 years, and 17.9% at 5 years, and continued to increase almost linearly. The incidence of liver cancer and non-liver cancer was 1.94/100 patient-years vs. 1.81%/100 patient-years. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 99.3%, 96.5%, and 94.4%, respectively. This life expectancy was compared to the standardized mortality ratio of the Japanese population, which proved non-inferior.

Conclusion

It was found that malignancies of other organs occur as frequently as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, follow-up of patients who have achieved SVR should focus not only on HCC but also on malignant tumors of other organs, and lifelong follow could contribute prolonged life expectancy for the previously short-lived.
Efficacy of the polyglycolic acid sheet for preventing anastomotic leakage in double- stapling technique anastomosis for left-sided colon or rectal cancer surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Shibutani Masatsune , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Iseki Yasuhito , Kasashima Hiroaki , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To prevent anastomotic leakage in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer who underwent double-stapling technique (DST) anastomosis, we investigated a new method: DST anastomosis with a polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet. This procedure has been shown to have the potential to decrease the rate of anastomotic leakage. However, due to the small number of cases enrolled in our previous study, it was not possible to compare the outcomes of the new and conventional procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the PGA sheet on preventing anastomotic leakage in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer who underwent DST anastomosis by retrospectively comparing the anastomotic leakage rate between the PGA sheet and conventional groups.
Methods
A total of 356 patients with left-sided colorectal cancer who underwent DST anastomosis during surgery at Osaka City University Hospital between January 2016 and April 2022 were enrolled in this study.
Results
The PGA sheet was used in 43 cases (PGA sheet group) and it was not used in 313 cases (conventional group). The incidence of anastomotic leakage in the PGA sheet group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (2.3% versus 13.4%, p = 0.042).
Conclusion
DST anastomosis with the PGA sheet, which is easy to perform, contributes to the reduction of anastomotic leakage rate by increasing the strength of the anastomotic site.
Whole course quality of tuberculosis care in rural China: challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management
Authors: Li Mingyue , Zhang Xiaotian , Cheng Haozhe , Zhang Baisong , Wei Tiantian , Cheng Xiaoran , Jiang Shiwen , Liu Xiaoyun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the whole-course quality of tuberculosis (TB) care in China, one of the highest TB burdens countries.
Methods
A retrospective study using chart abstraction for the whole course was conducted in two underserved counties. All registered TB patients from 1 July 2020 to 31 December 2020 were included. Medical records for the whole course (6–8 months) were examined to abstract information using pre-determined checklists. Descriptive analysis was used to present the characteristics of included medical records, and multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with TB treatment completion.
Results
This study included 268 outpatient medical records and 126 inpatient records. For diagnostic quality, 257 (96.3%) patients received sputum tests (2.6 times per person on average). 94.2% of the diagnosis were based on adequate evidence. For treatment quality, 240 (91.6%) outpatients and 100 (85.5%) inpatients took the standard chemotherapy regimens. 234 (87.3%) patients completed treatment. There were 67 (53.2%) inpatients prescribed second-line drugs, 85.1% of which were inappropriate. For management quality, 128 (47.9%) patients received midterm assessments. Only 47 (19.7%) received sufficient services for the whole course. Patients with TB symptoms were significantly more likely to complete treatment (OR = 1.80 P = 0.011).
Conclusion
This study measured the quality of TB care during the whole course including diagnoses, treatment, and management in rural China. TB patients received high-quality diagnosis and treatment services, but low-quality whole-course management. Integration of medical and public health services should be strengthened to improve whole-course quality.
Deep drop: a common finding in uroflowmetry of healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Lim Li Yi , Yang Stephen Shei-Dei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Uroflowmetry patterns indicate the presence of a specific lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction. However, the definitions for these patterns are mostly descriptive, resulting in poor inter-observer reliability. Irregular and fluctuating flow, which may indicate a staccato flow pattern, is frequently observed in healthy individuals. This study defines "deep drop (DD)" as a "sudden decrease of flow ≥√Qmax or 5ml (whichever is lowest) per second, followed by a rebound of flow ≥ 2ml/s", and investigates the incidence of "DD" in uroflowmetry of healthy children and adolescents. 1787 participants aged 5 to 18 took 3158 uroflowmetry measurements. Uroflowmetry with artefacts (n = 466) and low voided volume (VV) (n = 393) were excluded. 15.8%, 5.9%, and 4.6% of the 2299 uroflowmetry included in the analysis had one, two, and ≥ three DD, respectively. The incidence DD increased from 21.1% at VV < 25% of estimated bladder capacity (EBC) to 41.7% at VV ≥ 115% of EBC. 56.8% of the 734 participants who had two uroflowmetry measurements had no DD on both occasions, while 0.7% had ≥ three DD on both. DD are common in healthy subjects' uroflowmetry. More research is required to determine the validity of this definition and the number of DD required to define the staccato pattern.
Physical Activity and TV Viewing Parenting Practices for Toddlers among South Asians in the UK: Born in Bradford 1000 Study
Authors: Kwon Soyang , Kandula Namratha R. , Tandon Pooja S , Shah Nilay S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Children and adults of South Asian (SA) origin in the UK have been found to have suboptimal levels of physical activity (PA). PA habits in early childhood tend to sustain through adulthood. Parents play an important role in establishing these habits in young children. The primary aim of this study was to compare PA and television (TV) viewing parenting practices for young children between SA British (SAB) and White British (WB) parents living in the UK.
Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of the Born in Bradford (BiB) 1000 study, using survey data at child ages 24 and 36 months. The study sample included three groups of mothers (n = 1,149): foreign-born SAB (n = 458), UK-born SAB (n = 276), and WB (n = 455). Mothers completed a survey about parenting practices (i.e., PA-supportive, PA-restrictive, allowing TV viewing at mealtimes, limiting TV viewing) at child age 24 months and child PA and TV viewing behaviors at child ages 24 and 36 months. Parenting practices were compared among the three groups. Multivariable linear regression analyses compared children’s weekly walking frequency and daily TV viewing hours by parenting practices in the three groups.
Results
The foreign-born SAB group showed the lowest frequencies of PA-supportive parenting practices (verbal encouragement: 3.7 ± 3.1 times/week; logistic support: 1.5 ± 1.8 times/week) and the highest frequencies of PA-restrictive parenting practices (7.8 ± 7.7 times/week) among the three groups (p < 0.01). Children of Foreign-born SAB mothers had the most frequent TV watching during a mealtime (4.0 ± 3.1 times/week) among the three groups (p < 0.01). Less frequent PA-supportive parenting practices and SA ethnicity were associated with lower walking frequency at 24 and 36 months of age among children (p < 0.01). More frequent exposure to TV at mealtimes and SA ethnicity were associated with higher TV viewing time at 24 and 36 months of age among children (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that SAB parents, particularly those that are foreign-born, apply parenting practices for their young children that are less supportive of PA and more supportive of TV viewing, and their children have lower PA and higher TV viewing time, compared with their WB counterparts.
The significance of introducing socioeconomically sensitive therapeutic guidelines to end-stage renal disease patients in Sri Lanka as a practice in haemodialysis
Authors: Erandika HG Naduni , Nanayakkara Nishantha , Yatawara Lalani 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Malnutrition is very common and associated with adverse health outcomes among haemodialysis (HD) patients. In this study, we studied the nutritional intake and associated demographic, socio-economic characteristics among haemodialysis patients in Sri Lanka.
Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in 305 HD patients at Nephrology and Transplant Unit, National Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka in 2018. Interviewer administered; semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Nutritional data was collected using 24-hour dietary recall method. Statistical analysis was performed via IBM SPSS version 20. Ethical approval was given from the Ethics Review Committee, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 50.45±13.063 years and majority were males (69.2%; n=211). Only 1.6% (n=5) of the patients fulfilled the recommended calorie intake per day (>30 Kcal/day). Majority of the patients had more than 60% of the calorie intake from carbohydrates (n=232; 76.1%). Overall, energy, protein and fat intakes in 98.4%, 96.1% and 91.8% of the participants were less than the recommended values. There were statistically significant differences found between age categories and blood urea (p=0.023), urine output (UOP) (p=0.000), inter-dialytic weight gain (IDWG) (p=0.000) and dry weight (p=0.015). The entire micronutrients intake was less than the recommended level and there were significant differences between micronutrients based on the monthly income. Such as, dietary PUFA (p=0.021), cholesterol (p=0.002), vitamin E (p=0.018), vitamin B2 (p=0.000), vitamin B6 (p=0.008), folic acid (p=0.004), sodium (p=0.000), potassium (p=0.010), calcium (p=0.001), magnesium (p=0.038), phosphorus (p=0.000), iron (p=0.042) and zinc (p=0.003). High median values of the micronutrients were reported with the 30,000–50,000 LKR and 50,000 LKR earned groups.
Discussion and Conclusion: There is a wide gap between recommended nutrient intake and the actual nutrient intake of the participants of this study. Nutritional status and other clinical measures were influenced by age of the patients and monthly income. Regular optimal nutritional counseling and monitoring is very important to improve their outcome. Introduction of socio-economically and culturally sensitive dietary guidelines can be warranted.
ARSL-V: A Risk-aware Relay Selection Scheme using Reinforcement Learning in VANETs
Authors: Liu Xuejiao , Wang Chuanhua , Chen Wei , Xia Yingjie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In high-speed and dynamic Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), cooperative transmission mechanism is a promising scheme to ensure the sustainable transmission of data. However, due to the possible malicious behavior of vehicles and the dynamic network topology of VANETs, not all vehicles are trustworthy to become relays and perform the cooperative transmission task reliably. Therefore, how to ensure the security and reliability of the selected vehicles is still an urgent problem to be solved in the relay selection research area. In this paper, we propose a risk-aware relay selection scheme (ARSL-V) using reinforcement learning in VANETs. Specifically, we design a risk assessment mechanism based on multiple parameters to dynamically assess the potential risk of relay vehicles by considering the reputation variability, abnormal behavior, and environmental impact of vehicles. Also, we model the relay selection problem as an improved Kuhn-Munkres algorithm based on the risk assessment to realize relay selection in multi-relay and multi-target vehicle scenarios. Besides, we use a reinforcement learning algorithm combined with feedback data to achieve dynamic adjustment of parameter weights. Simulation results show that compared with the existing schemes, ARSL-V can improve the detection rate of malicious behavior and cooperative transmission success rate by about 25% and 6%, respectively.