bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in incidence rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas overall and by potential relatedness to human papillomavirus, Costa Rica 2006 to 2015
Authors: Carvajal Loretto J. , Shing Jaimie Z. , Vanegas Juan C. , González Emmanuel , Guillén Diego , Sierra Mónica S. , Hildesheim Allan , Porras Carolina , Herrero Rolando , Torres Guillermo , Shiels Meredith S. , Calderón Alejandro , Kreimer Aimée R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Costa Rica (CR), only one report on head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence trends (1985‐2007) has been published and no investigations on the epidemiology of potentially human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related and HPV‐unrelated HNCs have been done. We examined the age‐standardized incidence rates (IRs) and trends of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and compared incidence trends of potentially HPV‐related and HPV‐unrelated HNSCCs. We obtained all available HNC cases for the period 2006‐2015 from the Costa Rican National Cancer Registry of Tumors and the population estimates from the Costa Rican National Institute of Statistics and Census. The analysis was restricted to invasive HNSCCs (n = 1577). IRs and incidence rate ratios were calculated using SEER*Stat software and were age‐standardized for the 2010 Costa Rican population. Joinpoint regression analysis program was used to calculate trends and annual percent changes (APCs) in rates. For all HNSCCs, the age‐standardized IR was 34.0/million person‐years; 95% CI 32.4, 35.8. There was a significant decline in the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer (APC: −5.9% per year; 95% CI −10.8, −0.7) and laryngeal cancer (APC: −5.4% per year; −9.2, 1.5). The incidence trends for hypopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers each remained stable over time. HNSCCs were categorized by their potential relatedness to HPV infection. Though the APCs were not statistically significant, IRs of potentially HPV‐related HNSCCs trended upward, while HPV‐unrelated HNSCCs trended downward. HNSCCs are uncommon in CR and decreased over time. We observed a divergent pattern of decreasing HPV‐unrelated with increasing HPV‐related HNSCCs that should be further informed by HPV genotyping tumor samples.
A 5‐year comparative study of efficacy and acceptability of three different sizes of TCu380Ag and TCu380A intrauterine devices
Authors: Bhatla Neerja , Sehgal Rohini , Konar Hiralal , Vivekanand Achanta , Kriplani Alka , Vanamail Perumal , Purandare C. N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe intrauterine contraceptive device TCu380Ag when compared with TCu380A at 1 year of use had better acceptability and continuation rates.ObjectivesTo study the continuation rate, efficacy, and acceptability of TCu380Ag in three sizes versus TCu380A at 5 years of use.MethodsA total of 600 women opting for intrauterine contraceptive devices were randomized equally into two groups. Group 1 received the TCu380Ag device (Normal, Maxi, and Mini for uterocervical length 7–8.5 cm, 8–9 cm, and 6–7.5 cm, respectively) and Group 2 received the TCu380A device. Follow‐up was performed at 5 years to assess efficacy, acceptability, and continuation. Frequency data comparisons was performed across categories using χ2/Fisher exact test.ResultsAt 5 years of use, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that TCu380Ag compared with TCu380A had a higher continuation rate (45% vs. 35%, P = 0.010) with 100% efficacy each. TCu380Ag had fewer side effects, including heavy menstrual bleeding (16.6% vs. 34.1%, P < 0.001), abdomen pain (12.1% vs. 23.0%, P = 0.001), and expulsions (4.4% vs. 8.7%, P < 0.050), and fewer discontinuations attributable to contraceptive side effects (42.7% vs. 56.9%, P = 0.012). The mini TCu380Ag had the highest continuation rates and least menstrual irregularity (P < 0.050).ConclusionsThe TCu380Ag device in three sizes is an alternative to TCu380A for women desiring 5 years of contraception with equal efficacy, better continuation, and acceptability. The mini size is preferred for women with a uterocervical length of 6 to 7.5 cm.
Effects of exogenous melatonin on body mass and thermogenesis in red‐backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) between Kunming and Dali regions
Authors: Chen Hui‐Bao , Jia Ting , Wang Zheng‐Kun , Zhu Wan‐Long 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMelatonin (MEL) is an indole hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland at night, which is involved in the regulation of body mass and thermogenesis in small mammals. To test the effects of exogenous MEL on body mass and thermogenic ability in two different red‐backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) populations from two different regions (Kunming [KM] and Dali [DL]) with different annual variation in climatic variables, such as temperature, sunshine and rainfall. we traced the changes of energy balance in E. miletus from KM and DL, which were placed at 25 ± 1°C with photoperiod of 12 L:12 D, intraperitoneal injection of MEL was performed daily for 28 days. The results showed that body mass and food intake were significantly decreased, while resting metabolic rate (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) were significantly increased after MEL injection; Contents of total protein, mitochondrial protein, the activities of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and α‐glycerophosphate oxidase (α‐PGO) in liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were enhanced; the activity of thyroxin 5′‐deiodinase (T45′‐DII) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in BAT were also increased. Serum leptin, triiodothyronine (T3) levels and T3/T4 ratio were significantly increased, thyroxine (T4) levels was significantly decreased. Moreover, body mass and food intake in E. miletus from KM were higher than those from DL, but RMR and NST were lower than those from DL. Changes of body mass, food intake and thermogenic activity of KM were higher than those of DL when exposed to injection of MEL, indicating that E. miletus in KM were more sensitive to MEL. Furthermore, MEL was involved in the regulation of body mass and thermogenesis in E. miletus between KM and DL.
Graduation approach to poverty reduction in the humanitarian context: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Atiya , Bhattacharjee Anindita , Nisat Rafia , Das Narayan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncreasing forcibly displaced populations worldwide are adversely affecting the poorest host communities' livelihoods. Livelihood programmes can reduce this tension by addressing host communities' skills and capital constraints. In this paper, we examine the effect of a customised version of BRAC's Ultra‐Poor Graduation (UPG) programme on the livelihoods of the host communities of Rohingya refugees. We find that the programme increases labour supply in self‐employment of working‐age men and women, household income, food expenditure and productive asset. Further, we find some weak evidence that the programme decreases the tension between hosts and Rohingya refugees.
A clean and discreet service: The role of corruption and secrecy in profit shifting by multinational firms
Authors: Binhadab Nouf , Gillanders Robert , McCluskey Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate the importance of corruption in shaping the profit‐shifting behaviour of multinational firms. Using country‐level panel data, we find a significant and positive correlation between corruption and profit shifting. Our findings are consistent with several theoretical arguments predicting that corruption may both facilitate and provide an incentive to firm behaviour that deprives poorer countries of much needed tax revenues. Our findings are robust across a number of corruption and profit‐shifting measures, as well as to an instrumental variable approach that controls for the potential endogeneity between profit shifting and corruption. Our findings also indicate a negative and significant relationship between financial secrecy and outward profit shifting. We conclude that corruption and financial secrecy undermine global efforts to tackle profit shifting by multinational firms.
Understanding continuance intention of social Q&A communities for informal learning among university students
Authors: Zeng Huijuan , Bao Zheshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSocial Q&A refers to the process of information seeking based on questioning‐and‐answering in natural language through social networks. It facilitates knowledge gathering and interacting, and thus can be regarded as an appropriate environment for informal learning. This study intends to explore factors affecting continuance intention of using social Q&A communities for informal learning and meanwhile reveal the underlying mechanism among these factors. Data were obtained from 257 university students through an online survey. By using partial least squares based structural equation model, the proposed hypotheses and research model were analyzed. The findings show that homophily, interactivity and social presence are three determinants of collaborative learning and community identification in social Q&A community which further influences university students' continuance intention for informal learning. Our research extends the understanding of informal learning in social Q&A communities and indicates how to promote continuous informal learning in such environment.
What is good drinking water? 41 Years of risk perception on water quality in the vicinity of the Nuclear Research Centre Karlsruhe, 1956–1997
Authors: Gutting Alicia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article traces the historical evolution of risk perception around the Nuclear Research Centre Karlsruhe, Germany, from 1956 to 1997. It does so by targeting the evolution of water‐related risks. Federal hopes in the postwar era that the Nuclear Research Centre would bring progress and prosperity clashed with local values and local perception of nuclear engineering as dangerous to health and the environment. Various conflicts arose and opponents made use of their past lived‐knowledge to foster their arguments against future decision‐making, mobilizing stories from the past to shape the future. The conflict culminated in the 1990s, when the municipality decided to lease the Centre's waterworks for future drinking water supply. The main argument of the article is that even though the public discourse shifted over the years from water pollution toward greater risks such as nuclear meltdowns, the local risk perception stayed with the water‐related risks. The article shows how the locals perceived and narrated their risk perception against the decision‐making of authorities as well as against the reasoning of scientists and experts.
Impacts of the Victoria Nile Bujagali hydropower dam on fisheries and livelihoods
Authors: Nduwayesu Everest , Basooma Anthony , Sekiranda Stephen Kabali , Balirwa John Stephen , Bassa Samuel , Muhumuza Elias , Mugeni Bairon , Mulowoza Alex , Musobya Moses , Nakiyende Herbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Upper Victoria Nile (UVN) flows from Lake Victoria into Lake Kyoga, spanning 117 km and supports a diverse aquatic fauna that sustains livelihoods of riverside communities. The UVN is habitat to critically endangered (Labeo victorianus), near threatened (Oreochromis variabilis and Oreochromis esculentus), and rare species (Neochromis simotes). Four hydropower dams were built on the UVN to provide energy for industrial and socioeconomic development, notwithstanding consequential environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The impacts of Bujagali hydropower (BHP) dam on fisheries and livelihoods were assessed biannually (April and September) from 2006 to 2019, using fishing effort, species abundance, catch composition, and economic beach revenue at upstream, mid‐reservoir, and downstream transects. The fishing boats increased from 31 in 2009 to 293 in 2019 and fishers from 83 to 500 over the monitoring period. Maximum annual catch of 461.4 t was recorded in 2014 and lowest of 54.2 t in 2009. In all transects, Protopterus aethiopicus and Labeo victorianus were least in the commercial catches and the use of Mormyrus kannume juveniles as bait for Nile perch fishery corresponded with increased catches from 3.3 t in 2009 to 148.2 t in 2019. Women were mostly engaged in post‐harvest activities such as fish drying, smoking, and food vending. These observations suggest coupling effects of the hydropower dam and ineffective fisheries management. The harvest of M. kannume wild stocks for bait should be banned and research in possible domestication of the species undertaken. There is a need to strengthen fisheries enforcement to curb illegal effort and overexploitation and to implement conservation actions to mitigate potential biodiversity impacts from the hydropower dam operations.
One‐Step Phase Separation for Core‐Shell Carbon@Indium Oxide@Bismuth Microspheres with Enhanced Activity for CO2 Electroreduction to Formate
Authors: Zhai Jingrong , Hu Ye , Su Mengfei , Shi Jiangwei , Li Hang , Qin Yezhi , Gao Feng , Lu Qingyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is a substantial challenge to construct electrocatalysts with high activity, good selectivity, and long‐term stability for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid. Herein, bismuth and indium species are innovatively integrated into a uniform heterogeneous spherical structure by a neoteric quasi‐microemulsion method, and a novel C@In2O3@Bi50 core‐shell structure is constructed through a subsequent one‐step phase separation strategy due to melting point difference and Kirkendall effect with the nano‐limiting effect of the carbon structure. This core‐shell C@In2O3@Bi50 catalyst can selectively reduce CO2 to formate with high selectivity (≈90% faradaic efficiency), large partial current density (24.53 mA cm−2 at −1.36 V), and long‐term stability (up to 14.5 h), superior to most of the Bi‐based catalysts. The hybrid Bi/In2O3 interfaces of core‐shell C@In2O3@Bi will stabilize the key intermediate HCOO* and suppress CO poisoning, benefiting the CO2RR selectivity and stability, while the internal cavity of core‐shell structure will improve the reaction kinetics because of the large specific surface area and the enhancement of ion shuttle and electron transfer. Furthermore, the nano‐limited domain effect of outmost carbon prevent active components from oxidation and agglomeration, helpful for stabilizing the catalyst. This work offers valuable insights into core‐shell structure engineering to promote practical CO2 conversion technology.
Photomechanical Laser Fragmentation of IrO2 Microparticles for the Synthesis of Active and Redox‐Sensitive Colloidal Nanoclusters
Authors: Spellauge Maximilian , Tack Meike , Streubel René , Miertz Matthias , Exner Kai Steffen , Reichenberger Sven , Barcikowski Stephan , Huber Heinz Paul , Ziefuss Anna Rosa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPulsed laser fragmentation of microparticles (MPs) in liquid is a synthesis method for producing high‐purity nanoparticles (NPs) from virtually any material. Compared with laser ablation in liquids (LAL), the use of MPs enables a fully continuous, single‐step synthesis of colloidal NPs. Although having been employed in several studies, neither the fragmentation mechanism nor the efficiency or scalability have been described. Starting from time‐resolved investigations of the single‐pulse fragmentation of single IrO2 MPs in water, the contribution of stress‐mediated processes to the fragmentation mechanism is highlighted. Single‐pulse, multiparticle fragmentation is then performed in a continuously operated liquid jet. Here, 2 nm‐sized nanoclusters (NCs) accompanied by larger fragments with sizes ranging between several ten nm and several µm are generated. For the nanosized product, an unprecedented efficiency of up to 18 µg J−1 is reached, which exceeds comparable values reported for high‐power LAL by one order of magnitude. The generated NCs exhibit high catalytic activity and stability in oxygen evolution reactions while simultaneously expressing a redox‐sensitive fluorescence, thus rendering them promising candidates in electrocatalytic sensing. The provided insights will pave the way for laser fragmentation of MPs to become a versatile, scalable yet simple technique for nanomaterial design and development.
Fluorobenzene and Water‐Promoted Rapid Growth of Vertical Graphene Arrays by Electric‐Field‐Assisted PECVD
Authors: Shen Chao , Xu Shichen , Chen Zhuo , Ji Nannan , Yang Jinhui , Zhang Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVertical graphene (VG) arrays show exposed sharp edges, ultra‐low electrical resistance, large surface‐to‐volume ratio, and low light reflectivity, thus having great potential in emerging applications, including field emission, sensing, energy storage devices, and stray light shields. Although plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is regarded as an effective approach for the synthesis of VG, it is still challenging to increase the growth rate and height of VG arrays simultaneously. Herein, a fluorobenzene and water‐assisted method to rapidly grow VG arrays in an electric field‐assisted PECVD system is developed. Fluorobenzene‐based carbon sources are used to produce highly electronegative fluorine radicals to accelerate the decomposition of methanol and promote the growth of VG. Water is applied to produce hydroxyl radicals in order to etch amorphous carbon and accelerate the VG growth. The fastest growth rate can be up to 15.9 µm h−1. Finally, VG arrays with a height of 144 µm are successfully synthesized at an average rate of 14.4 µm h−1. As a kind of super black material, these VG arrays exhibit an ultra‐low reflectance of 0.25%, showing great prospect in stray light shielding.
Mises's dynamics of interventionism: Lessons from Indian agriculture
Authors: Rajagopalan Shruti 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite trade liberalization, industrial delicensing, and deregulation in other sectors of the Indian economy since 1991, the agricultural sector is stifled by arbitrary, complex, and ever‐increasing regulation in both input and product markets. This article resolves this puzzle of the Indian economy and, using Mises's theory of interventionism, explains the growth of regulation and subsidies in Indian agriculture. I argue that each intervention in agriculture created distortions in the market, necessitating the subsequent intervention in agricultural inputs and/or outputs. Land ceiling policies led to a large number of farmers with small and marginal landholdings. Attempts to increase agricultural productivity and income on small holdings led to interventions, and consequent distortions, in factor markets for seeds, fertilizer, electricity, water, credit, insurance, as well as in output markets in the form of minimum support prices. Indian agriculture policy serves as a cautionary tale of interventionism and needs systematic and comprehensive reforms.
The Physical Properties of High‐Quality Proteins Expanded Extrudates Made from Corn Meal, Chickpea Flour, and Yellow Pea Concentrate
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Alavi Sajid , Li Yonghui , Dogan Hulya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study is carried out to produce high‐quality protein expanded extrudates from degermed corn meal–chickpea flour (DCM–CPF) blends and DCM–yellow pea concentrate (DCM–YPC) blends via a twin‐screw extruder. The effect of barrel temperature and screw speed (SS) on the DCM and DCM–CPF, DCM–YPC ratios and feed moisture content (16%–20%) on expansion are determined. The higher SS and barrel temperature decrease hardness and increase specific mechanical energy (SME), and all viscosities reduce compared to raw material for DCM extrudates. When SS is at 550 rpm and barrel temperature at 130°C, the higher legume addition decreases specific longitudinal expansion (SLE), expansion ratio (ER), all viscosities and increases hardness, piece density (PD), for all extrudates. The increasing of feed moisture content from 16% to 20% resulted in the PD and hardness increases significantly (p < 0.05) and SME, SLE, ER, peak viscosity (PV) values decrease for DCM–CPF extrudates, whereas SLE, hardness, PV values increase, ER decreases and there is no significantly change in PD for DCM–YPC extrudates. As compared to DCM–CPF‐III, DCM–YPC‐III exhibits better expansion with higher in vitro protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (IV‐PDCAAS) and PD per serving (30 g).
Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction and Bioactivity of Ophiopogon japonicus Polysaccharides by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wen Yao , Su Caimei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to further optimize ultrasonic‐assisted extraction conditions for Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides. The results show that optimized extraction conditions are liquid–solid ratio of 22:1 mL g−1, ultrasonic time of 27 min, and ultrasonic power of 200 W. Under these conditions, the mean experimental value of extraction yield (39.49%) is achieved, which is 1.33 times that of distilled water leaching extraction (29.68%). In addition, one of the eluting fractions, SPs‐1, has high α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory activities as well as 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhdrazyl radical and α‐glucosidase, 2,2’‐Azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) cation scavenging activities with an IC50 value of 0.060, 0.021, 0.50, and 0.10 mg mL−1. Therefore, SPs‐1 from O. japonicus can be considered as multifunctional biological ingredients to be used in anti‐hyperglycemic pharmaceutical formulation and antioxidant in functional foods.
Visualizing and Quantifying mRNA Localization at the Invasive Front of 3D Cancer Spheroids
Authors: Moissoglu Konstadinos , Lockett Stephen J. , Mili Stavroula 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLocalization of mRNAs at the front of migrating cells is a widely used mechanism that functionally supports efficient cell movement. It is observed in single cells on two-dimensional surfaces, as well as in multicellular three-dimensional (3D) structures and in tissue in vivo. 3D multicellular cultures can reveal how the topology of the extracellular matrix and cell-cell contacts influence subcellular mRNA distributions. Here we describe a method for mRNA imaging in an inducible system of collective cancer cell invasion. MDA-MB-231 cancer cell spheroids are embedded in Matrigel, induced to invade, and processed to image mRNAs with single-molecule sensitivity. An analysis algorithm is used to quantify and compare mRNA distributions at the front of invasive leader cells. The approach can be easily adapted and applied to analyze RNA distributions in additional settings where cells polarize along a linear axis.
An In Vivo Model to Study Cell Migration in XYZ-T Dimension Followed by Whole-Mount Re-evaluation
Authors: Seynhaeve Ann L. B. , ten Hagen Timo L. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCell migration is a very dynamic process involving several chemical as well as biological interactions with other cells and the environment. Several models exist to study cell migration ranging from simple 2D in vitro cultures to more demanding 3D multicellular assays, to complex evaluation in animals. High-resolution 4D (XYZ, spatial + T, time dimension) intravital imaging using transgenic animals with a fluorescent label in cells of interest is a powerful tool to study cell migration in the correct environment. Here we describe an advanced dorsal skinfold chamber model to study endothelial cell and pericyte migration and association.