bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Different Weak Modulations in ab-type RR Lyrae Variable V838 Cyg, and Potential Influence of Metal Abundance on Blazhko Modulation
Authors: Li L.-J. , Qian S.-B. , Shi X.-D. , Zhu L.-Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Noting the weakest modulation and relatively high metal abundance of the ab-type RR Lyrae star V838 Cyg, we collected the photometric data of this star from several sky surveys to carry out an in-depth analysis. The O − C diagram shows that the pulsation period of V838 Cyg increases linearly over a long timescale. In a reanalysis of the high-precision Kepler data, we confirmed the modulation with a period of 59.45 ± 0.07 days found by Benkő et al., and also found an additional weak modulation with a longer period (840 ± 21 days). After a series of analyses, we incline to the view that the mechanisms causing the two modulations are different: the former is more similar to the typical Blazhko effect, while the mechanism leading to the latter may be an extrinsic factor. We also collected and compared the modulation and physical parameters of other Blazhko RR Lyrae stars from several works in the literature, and find that there is a potential negative correlation between the modulation amplitude (or upper limit of amplitude) and the metal abundance. We infer that the relatively high metal abundance will promote convection in the outer stellar atmosphere, and then inhibit those factors (turbulence, shock wave, etc.) that may cause Blazhko modulation. Future observations and research work can be carried out with reference to this viewpoint. We also introduce the moiré effects that appear in the Kepler long-cadence light curves and their possible interference in the previous analyses.
Mass Accretion, Spectral, and Photometric Properties of T Tauri Stars in Taurus Based on TESS and LAMOST
Authors: Lin Chia-Lung , Ip Wing-Huen , Hsiao Yao , Chang Tzu-Heng , Song Yi-han , Luo A-Li 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the analysis of 16 classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) using LAMOST and TESS data, investigating spectral properties, photometric variations, and mass accretion rates. All 16 stars exhibit emissions in Hα lines, from which the average mass accretion rate of 1.76 × 10−9
M
⊙ yr−1 is derived. Two of the stars, DL Tau and Haro 6-13, show mass accretion bursts simultaneously in TESS, ASAS-SN, and/or the ZTF survey. Based on these observations, we find that the mass accretion rates of DL Tau and Haro 6-13 reach their maxima of 2.5 × 10−8
M
⊙ yr−1 and 2 × 10−10
M
⊙ yr−1, respectively, during the TESS observation. We detect 13 flares among these stars. The flare frequency distribution shows that the CTTSs’ flare activity is not only dominated by strong flares with high energy but also much more active than those of solar-type and young low-mass stars. By comparing the variability classes reported in the literature, we find that the transition timescale between different classes of variability in CTTSs, such as from stochastic (S) to bursting (B) or from quasi-periodic symmetric to quasi-periodic dipping, may range from 1.6 to 4 yr. We observe no significant correlation between inclination and mass accretion rates derived from the emission indicators. This suggests that inner disk properties may be more important than those of outer disks. Finally, we find a relatively significant positive correlation between the asymmetric metric M and the cold disk inclination compared to the literature. A weak negative correlation between the periodicity metric Q value and inclination has also been found.
Measuring the Dust Attenuation Curves of SINGS/KINGFISH Galaxies Using Swift/UVOT Photometry
Authors: Belles Alexander , Decleir Marjorie , Bowman William P. , Hagen Lea M. Z. , Gronwall Caryl , Siegel Michael H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present Swift/Ultraviolet Optical Telescope (UVOT) integrated light photometry of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS) and the Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH) samples of nearby galaxies. Combining the Swift/UVOT data with archival photometry, we investigate a variety of dust attenuation curves derived using MCSED, a flexible spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code. We fit the panchromatic data using three different star formation history (SFH) parameterizations: a decaying exponential, a double power law, and a piecewise function with breaks at physically motivated ages. We find that the average attenuation law of the sample changes slightly based on the SFH assumed. Specifically, the exponential SFH leads to the shallowest attenuation curves. Using simulated data, we also find the exponential SFH fails to outperform the more complex SFHs. Finally, we find a systematic offset in the derived bump strength between SED fits with and without UVOT data, where the inclusion of UVOT data leads to smaller bump strengths, highlighting the importance of the UVOT data. This discrepancy is not seen in fits to mock photometry. Understanding dust attenuation in the local universe is key to understanding high-redshift objects where rest-frame far-infrared data are unavailable.
Spatial and Binary Parameter Distributions of Black Hole Binaries in the Milky Way Detectable with Gaia
Authors: Shikauchi Minori , Tsuna Daichi , Tanikawa Ataru , Kawanaka Norita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Soon after Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) in 2022 June, some candidates (and one confirmed) of detached black hole (BH)–luminous companion (LC) binaries have been reported. Existing and future detections of astrometric BH–LC binaries will shed light on the spatial distribution of these systems, which can deepen our understanding of the natal kicks and the underlying formation mechanism of BHs. By tracking Galactic orbits of BH–LC binaries obtained from BSE, we find that distributions of BH mass and the height from the Galactic plane ∣z∣ would help us give a constraint on the supernova model. We also indicate that the correlations of (i) orbital periods and eccentricities, and (ii) BH mass and ∣z∣ could be clues for the strength of the natal kick, and that the correlations of (P, Z/Z
⊙) may give us a clue for the common-envelope (CE) efficiency. We also discuss the possibility of forming BH–LC binaries like the BH binary candidates reported in Gaia DR3 and Gaia BH 1, finding that if the candidates as well as the confirmed binary originate from isolated binaries, they favor models that produce low-mass BHs and have high CE efficiencies exceeding unity.
Physical Evolution of Dark Matter Halo around the Depletion Boundary
Authors: Gao Hongyu , Han Jiaxin , Fong Matthew , Jing Y. P. , Li Zhaozhou 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the buildup of the halo profile out to large scale in a cosmological simulation, focusing on the roles played by the recently proposed depletion radii. We explicitly show that halo growth is accompanied by the depletion of the environment, with the inner depletion radius demarcating the two. This evolution process is also observed via the formation of a trough in the bias profile, with the two depletion radii identifying key scales in the evolution. The ratio between the inner depletion radius and the virial radius is approximately a constant factor of 2 across redshifts and halo masses. The ratio between their enclosed densities is also close to a constant of 0.18. These simple scaling relations reflect the largely universal scaled mass profile on these scales, which only evolves weakly with redshift. The overall picture of the boundary evolution can be broadly divided into three stages according to the maturity of the depletion process, with cluster halos lagging behind low-mass ones in the evolution. We also show that the traditional slow and fast accretion dichotomy of halo growth can be identified as accelerated and decelerated depletion phases, respectively.
Connecting Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances to Type Ia Supernova Hosts: Testing the Top Rung of the Distance Ladder
Authors: Garnavich Peter , Wood Charlotte M. , Milne Peter , Jensen Joseph B. , Blakeslee John P. , Brown Peter J. , Scolnic Daniel , Rose Benjamin , Brout Dillon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We compare infrared surface brightness fluctuation (IR SBF) distances measured in galaxies that have hosted type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to distances estimated from SNe Ia light-curve fits. We show that the properties of the SNe Ia found in IR SBF hosts are very different from those exploding in Cepheid calibrators, therefore this is a direct test of systematic uncertainties on the estimation of the Hubble constant (H
0) using SNe. The IR SBF results from Jensen et al. provide a large and uniformly measured sample of IR SBF distances which we directly compare with the distances to 25 SN Ia host galaxies. We divide the Hubble flow SNe Ia into subsamples that best match the divergent SN properties seen in the IR SBF hosts and Cepheid hosts. We further divide the SNe Ia into a sample with light-curve widths and host masses that are congruent to those found in the SBF-calibrated hosts. We refit the light-curve stretch and color correlations with luminosity, and use these revised parameters to calibrate a sample of “Hubble flow” SNe Ia with IR SBF calibrators. Relative to the Hubble flow sample, the average calibrator distance moduli vary by 0.03 mag depending on the SN Ia subsample examined and this adds a 1.8% systematic uncertainty to our Hubble constant estimate. Based on the IRSBF calibrators, H
0 = 74.6 ± 0.9(stat) ± 2.7(syst) km s−1 Mpc−1, which is consistent with the Hubble constant derived from SNe Ia calibrated from Cepheid variables. We conclude that IR SBFs provide reliable calibration of SNe Ia with a precision comparable to Cepheid calibrators, and with a significant saving in telescope time.
Magnetic Discontinuities in the Inner Heliosphere: Do Intermediate Shocks Exist?
Authors: Liu Y. Y. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Wang Z. , He R. J. , Guo Z. Z. , Du C. X. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Magnetic discontinuities are fundamental structures in space and laboratory plasmas where the changes in magnetic and velocity fields are constrained by Rankine–Hugoniot relations. Due to the absence of precise measurements for particles, some issues therein are hardly investigated. The nature of discontinuities driven by the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) turbulence, and the intermediate shock are two puzzles to be solved. The MHD turbulence generates numerous discontinuities with both small normal magnetic fields and nearly constant magnetic field magnitudes in statistics. By utilizing the data from the Parker Solar Probe, we identify among the turbulence-driven discontinuities two components that exhibit diverse statistical characteristics of the plasma density, and reveal that these discontinuities comprise 80.2% rotational and 19.8% tangential discontinuities. Then, we note a special class of discontinuities within 0.35 au that have jump conditions similar to that of the rotational discontinuity and the shock simultaneously, including (1) positively correlated jumps in the plasma density and temperature, (2) a small change in the magnetic field magnitude, and (3) opposite tangential magnetic fields on two sides. These features conform to the theoretical intermediate shock, which previous studies have found to not practically exist due to the breakdown of the evolutionary condition. By the conservation law of the mass flux across a boundary, we calculate their propagation speeds and find three intermediate shock candidates with super-Alfvénic upstream and sub-Alfvénic downstream flows. This work can improve our understanding of plasma intermittencies and suggests reassessing conclusions based on ideal MHD Rankine–Hugoniot relations.
What to Expect When Systemic Treatment in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Is Withdrawn?
Authors: Nieto-González Juan Carlos , Garulo Daniel Clemente , Boteanu Alina , Trives-Folguera Laura , García-Fernández Antía , Navarro Pablo González , Robledillo Juan Carlos López , Monteagudo-Saéz Indalecio 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe goal of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment is to maintain clinical remission. It is also important to reduce drug exposure, whenever possible, in order to avoid or decrease potential side effects. We aimed to analyze remission survival after systemic treatment withdrawal and to determine which factors can influence it.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, observational, longitudinal study. All patients included had a diagnosis of JIA. We analyzed remission survival using Kaplan-Meier curves according to the systemic treatment received (methotrexate [MTX] alone or in combination with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs [bDMARDs]) and JIA subgroups (oligoarticular and polyarticular course, juvenile spondyloarthritis, and systemic JIA). In addition, risk factors were examined using multivariate analysis.ResultsWe included 404 patients with JIA; 370 of them (92%) had received systemic treatment at some point and half of them (185 patients) had withdrawn on at least 1 occasion. There were 110 patients who flared (59%) with a median time of 2.3 years. There were no differences in remission survival between JIA subcategories. Twenty-nine percent of patients with JIA who received MTX and bDMARDs, in which MTX alone was withdrawn, flared; median time to flare of 6.3 years. However, if only the bDMARD was withdrawn, flares occurred 57% of the time; median time to flare of 1.1 years.ConclusionFlares are frequent when systemic treatment is withdrawn, and uveitis or joint injections could be related risk factors. In MTX and biologic-naïve patients, the frequency of flares occurred in more than half of patients, although they were less frequent when clinical remission lasted for > 1 year.
Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors: A Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lanzillotta Marco , Boffini Nicola , Barone Elisa , Cincinelli Gilberto , Gerardi Maria C. , Luciano Nicoletta , Manara Maria , Ughi Nicola , Epis Oscar M. , Selmi Carlo , Caporali Roberto F. , Dagna Lorenzo 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveOral Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) represent an effective strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. A previous study supported that tofacitinib (TOF) is associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular (CV) and neoplastic events compared to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Given the apparent discrepancy between these data and real-world experience, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the available JAKis in a multicenter cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with RA who ever received 1 JAKi (TOF, baricitinib [BAR], upadactinib [UPA], filgotinib [FIL]) from 4 tertiary care centers in Milan, Italy. Outcomes related to JAKi safety were recorded, particularly major CV events as well as adverse events of special interest (AESIs), which included serious infections, opportunistic infections, venous thromboembolism, herpes zoster infections, liver injury, malignancies, and deaths; retention rates were also calculated. Further analyses included patients fulfilling the risk factors suggested to influence TOF safety.ResultsSix hundred eighty-five patients were included and received BAR (48%), TOF (31%), UPA (14%), or FIL (7%) as first-line innovative treatment prior to a biologic. Of a total of 1137 patient-years of observation, we recorded 1 stroke and 123 (18%) AESIs, including 3 deaths, all a result of severe infections. Among patients with a higher CV risk, we observed a higher frequency of AESIs (23%).ConclusionOur real-world data confirm that JAKis are effective and carry a low risk of AESIs, especially in patients who do not display CV risk factors at baseline. Our study could not identify differences between JAKis. Different safety profiles should be defined in larger prospective cohorts.
An Overview of Reviews to Inform Organization-Level Interventions to Address Burnout in Rheumatologists
Authors: Kheirkhah Hengameh , Hartfeld Nicole M.S. , Widdifield Jessica , Kulhawy-Wibe Stephanie , Roberts Janet , Yacyshyn Elaine A. , Lee Jennifer J.Y. , Jilkine Konstantin , Jerome Dana , Kwok Timothy S.H. , Burt Jennifer , Barber Claire E.H. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo identify organization-directed strategies that could be implemented to prevent burnout among rheumatologists.MethodsA search of English language articles published 2011 or later was conducted on Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo on January 25, 2022. Included reviews had ≥ 1 primary studies with ≥ 10% of participants who were physicians, recorded burnout as an outcome, and described an organization-directed intervention to prevent burnout. Overlap of primary studies across reviews was assessed. The final review inclusion was determined by study quality, minimization of overlap, and maximization of intervention breadth. The A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool was used for quality assessment. Included studies and interventions were assessed by rheumatologists for their applicability to rheumatology.ResultsA total of 17 reviews, including 15 systematic reviews, 1 realist review, and 1 umbrella review were included. AMSTAR 2 quality ratings classified 5 systematic reviews as low quality, 1 as moderate, and 9 as critically low. There was significant heterogeneity between and within reviews. Six conducted a metaanalysis and 11 provided a qualitative summary of findings. The following intervention types were identified as having possible applicability to rheumatology: physician workflow and organizational strategies; peer support and formal communication training; leadership support; and addressing stress, mental health, and mindfulness. Across interventions, mindfulness had the highest quality of evidence to support its effectiveness.ConclusionAlthough the quality of evidence for interventions to prevent burnout in physicians is low, promising strategies such as mindfulness have been identified.
Accuracy of an artificial intelligence-based mobile application for detecting cataracts: Results from a field study
Authors: Vasan Chandrakumar Subbiah , Gupta Sachin , Shekhar Madhu , Nagu Kamatchi , Balakrishnan Logesh , Ravindran Ravilla D. , Ravilla Thulasiraj , Subburaman Ganesh-Babu Balu 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To assess the accuracy of e-Paarvai, an artificial intelligence-based smartphone application (app) that detects and grades cataracts using images taken with a smartphone by comparing with slit lamp-based diagnoses by trained ophthalmologists.

Methods:
In this prospective diagnostic study conducted between January and April 2022 at a large tertiary-care eye hospital in South India, two screeners were trained to use the app. Patients aged >40 years and with a best-corrected visual acuity <20/40 were recruited for the study. The app is intended to determine whether the eye has immature cataract, mature cataract, posterior chamber intra-ocular lens, or no cataract. The diagnosis of the app was compared with that of trained ophthalmologists based on slit-lamp examinations, the gold standard, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was estimated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were computed.

Results:
The two screeners used the app to screen 2,619 eyes of 1,407 patients. In detecting cataracts, the app showed high sensitivity (96%) but low specificity (25%), an overall accuracy of 88%, a PPV of 92.3%, and an NPV of 57.8%. In terms of cataract grading, the accuracy of the app was high in detecting immature cataracts (1,875 eyes, 94.2%), but its accuracy was poor in detecting mature cataracts (73 eyes, 22%), posterior chamber intra-ocular lenses (55 eyes, 29.3%), and clear lenses (2 eyes, 2%). We found that the area under the curve in predicting ophthalmologists’ cataract diagnosis could potentially be improved beyond the app’s diagnosis based on using images only by incorporating information about patient sex and age (P < 0.0001) and best-corrected visual acuity (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Although there is room for improvement, e-Paarvai app is a promising approach for diagnosing cataracts in difficult-to-reach populations. Integrating this with existing outreach programs can enhance the case detection rate.
A rare optineurin mutation in an Indian family with coexistence of JOAG and PCG
Authors: Yadav Manoj , Yadav Anshu , Bhardwaj Aarti , Dhull Chand Singh , Sachdeva Sumit , Yadav Ritu , Tanwar Mukesh 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
This study focused on the genetic screening of Myocilin (MYOC), Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1), Optineurin (OPTN), and SIX homeobox 6 (SIX6) genes in a family with coexistence of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).

Methods:
Sanger sequencing was used to examine the coding region of all four genes. Six different online available algorithms were used for the pathogenicity prediction of missense variant. Structural analysis was done using Garnier–Osguthorpe–Robson (GOR), PyMol, ChimeraX, and Molecular Dynamic (MD) Simulations (using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-enabled Desmond module of Schrödinger).

Results:
There were a total of three sequence variants within the family. All seven algorithms determined that a single mutation, G538E, in the OPTN gene is pathogenic. The loops connecting the strands became more flexible, as predicted structurally and functionally by pathogenic mutations. Mutations create perturbations and conformational rearrangements in proteins, hence impairing their functioning.

Conclusion:
In this study, we describe a North Indian family in which members were having JOAG and PCG due to a rare homozygous/heterozygous mutation in OPTN. The coexistence of two types of glaucoma within a single pedigree suggests that certain OPTN mutations may be responsible for the onset of different glaucoma phenotypes.
Aniridic scleral fixation of intraocular lens: The answer to vision loss with photophobia!
Authors: Shah Dhaivat , Pandit Rinal , Singhal Achal 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Aniridia is defined as missing iris tissue which can be partial, subtotal, or total. Characteristic clinical symptoms include photophobia and decreased visual acuity due to an increased light perception. In addition to this, disturbing cosmetic problems are prevalent. Even after implantation of an intraocular lens, patients often tend to be unsatisfied.

Purpose:
The answer to this problem lies in the implantation of an aniridic scleral fixation of intraocular lens (SFIOL), which has a central optical axis that acts as the refractive lens and a peripheral rim of a hyperpigmented area that mimics the iris and hence reduces photophobia. The purpose of the video was to demonstrate the use of black diaphragm intraocular lens (BDIOL) implantation, its surgical steps, and its outcomes.

Synopsis:
We report one such case where a young patient presented with post-traumatic aniridia with subluxated total cataract and spillover vitreous hemorrhage. He was subjected to a vitrectomy, cataract removal, and placement of an aniridic SFIOL with prolene 9-0 using the four-point fixation method. This gave an extremely gratifying outcome and solved both problems, that is, vision and photophobia. Highlight: Before implantation of the SFIOL, the patients had reduced visual acuity from aphakia and intolerable glare from aniridia. In this case-based approach and with relevant example, we tried to provide a solution for tricky scenarios like co-existing traumatic cataract and traumatic aniridia. The patient showed improved visual acuity and marked glare reduction after black diaphragm SFIOL implantation.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/atl60WetFsM

Key words: Aniridia, aniridic scleral fixed IOL, subluxated total cataract