bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grizzly bears detected at ecotourism sites are less likely than predicted by chance to encounter conflict
Authors: Field Kate A. , Moody Jason E. , Levi Taal , Darimont Chris T. 
Published: January 2025

Whether ecotourism can lead to human–wildlife conflict is not well understood. In Nuxalk Territory, grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) conflict occurred ∼41–58 km downstream from ecotourism. We screened for genetic matches between individuals that encountered conflict ( n = 30) and 118 individuals detected upstream via hair snags (including 34 at ecotour sites). Of these 34, one encountered conflict. In analysis Scenario 1, we considered all detected and undetected bears in the region as freely mixing, and used Bayes’ theorem to account for imperfect detection of ecotour bears among conflict samples, deriving an estimate of 1.47 (rounded to 2). Accounting for this uncertainty, we used a probability approach to ask how large the unknown non-ecotour bear population would have to be to observe this frequency of conflict among ecotour bears (2/34) by chance. The resulting population level exceeded available estimates, suggesting ecotour bears are less likely to encounter conflict. In Scenario 2, we assumed that downstream bears are not necessarily from the same population as those sampled upstream; we compared the proportions of known ecotour and non-ecotour bears among conflict samples and found no evidence of a significant difference. Collectively, these analyses suggest other human-caused drivers of conflict.
Deep PackGen: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Adversarial Network Packet Generation
Authors: Hore Soumyadeep , Ghadermazi Jalal , Paudel Diwas , Shah Ankit , Das Tapas , Bastian Nathaniel 
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms, coupled with the availability of faster computing infrastructure, have enhanced the security posture of cybersecurity operations centers (defenders) through the development of ML-aided network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Concurrently, the abilities of adversaries to evade security have also increased with the support of AI/ML models. Therefore, defenders need to proactively prepare for evasion attacks that exploit the detection mechanisms of NIDS. Recent studies have found that the perturbation of flow-based and packet-based features can deceive ML models, but these approaches have limitations. Perturbations made to the flow-based features are difficult to reverse-engineer, while samples generated with perturbations to the packet-based features are not playable.
Our methodological framework, Deep PackGen, employs deep reinforcement learning to generate adversarial packets and aims to overcome the limitations of approaches in the literature. By taking raw malicious network packets as inputs and systematically making perturbations on them, Deep PackGen camouflages them as benign packets while still maintaining their functionality. In our experiments, using publicly available data, Deep PackGen achieved an average adversarial success rate of 66.4% against various ML models and across different attack types. Our investigation also revealed that more than 45% of the successful adversarial samples were out-of-distribution packets that evaded the decision boundaries of the classifiers. The knowledge gained from our study on the adversary’s ability to make specific evasive perturbations to different types of malicious packets can help defenders enhance the robustness of their NIDS against evolving adversarial attacks.
Photon-Assisted Synchronization of Molecular Electrochemical Oscillators
Authors: Kernbach Serge 
Published: January 2025

Formation of hydronium and carbonate ions from carbon dioxide in the aqueous phase is a reversible process and can both produce and consume ions. These equilibrium reactions represent molecular electrochemical oscillators in pure water. Reversible switching of ionic dynamics is a chaotic process, which is influenced by the CO2 level, temperature, concentration of decay products, magnetic fields and other factors. As demonstrated in previous works, weak variations of magnetic fields induce different electrochemical reactivity and generate ionic waves caused by mutual synchronization of molecular oscillators. Such waves correlate between transparent electrochemical cells, suggesting macroscopic mechanisms for their interaction. This work explores these observations by monitoring the high-resolution ionic dynamics and temperature of independent fluidic cells with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The occurrence of synchronization is studied in 4-16 cells grouped in one or several non-transparent thermo-insulating containers; about 20 million of samples are analyzed. Synchronization effects are shown to occur primarily in the CO2 dissolving scenario on the 3-10 minute scale. Without CO2 access, mutual synchronization is either non-existent or negligible. Maximal correlations with r > 0.9 are achieved between 4-6 cells with one synchronization event per 8000 samples; with r > 0.7—in up to 8-10 cells with one event per 3000 samples. The number of synchronization events is about five times lower when cells are separated between non-transparent containers. We also noted a generation of in-phase and anti-phase temperature-impedance waves highly synchronized between independent cells. To explain such results, we consider the hypothesis of molecular quantum networks that operate with spin conversion of water isomers, where photon-assisted entanglement introduces weak coupling between oscillators. Since spin-level phenomena are involved into macroscopic synchronization, investigation of these mechanisms can lead to new quantum sensing technologies.
The Selective WEE1 Inhibitor Azenosertib Shows Synergistic Antitumor Activity with KRASG12C Inhibitors in Preclinical Models
Authors: Jameson Nathan M. , Kim Daehwan , Lee Catherine , Skrable Blake , Shea Alexandra , Guo Xiao , Izadi Hooman , Abed Mona , Harismendy Olivier , Ma Jianhui , Kim Doris S. , Lackner Mark R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) is a potent oncogenic driver that results in the downstream hyperactivation of MAPK signaling while simultaneously increasing replication stress (RS) and accumulation of DNA damage. KRASG12C mutations are common and targetable alterations. Therapeutic inhibition of KRASG12C and eventual resistance to these inhibitors are also known to drive RS and DNA damage through adaptive mechanisms that maintain addiction to high MAPK signaling. High levels of RS result in a stronger reliance on cell-cycle checkpoints, thereby introducing a vulnerability to inhibition of cell-cycle checkpoint regulators such as the WEE1 kinase. This provides a rationale for combining azenosertib, a novel, selective, and orally bioavailable WEE1 inhibitor, with KRASG12C inhibitors. An in vitro combination of azenosertib with multiple KRASG12C inhibitors demonstrated synergistic cell growth inhibition across a panel of KRASG12C cell lines in both 2D and 3D assays. In vivo studies demonstrated that azenosertib exhibited significant monotherapy activity as well as synergistic tumor growth inhibition (TGI) when combined with KRASG12C inhibitors, including tumor regression in cell-derived xenograft models of non–small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Importantly, KRASG12C inhibitor–resistant cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models demonstrated synergistic TGI in combination arms. Finally, analysis of biomarkers from in vitro and in vivo tumor samples displayed increases in protein markers of RS, DNA damage, and apoptosis after combination treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that the combination of azenosertib with KRASG12C inhibitors enhances TGI over single-agent therapy and may be an effective treatment strategy for patients with KRASG12C tumors.

Significance:
Resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors is a growing clinical concern. The synergistic interaction observed between azenosertib and multiple KRASG12C inhibitors could result in deeper and more durable responses.
The Insurance Value of Financial Aid
Authors: Fan Kristy , Fisher Tyler J. , Samwick Andrew A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prior studies of means-testing in college financial aid formulas have analyzed the disincentives to save attributable to the inclusion of assets in the formulas. Such disincentives are only half of a standard incentives-insurance tradeoff. When income is uncertain, a financial aid formula that conditions aid on assets and income provides insurance against that uncertainty. Using a stochastic, life-cycle model of consumption and labor supply, we show that the insurance value of financial aid is substantial. Compensating families for the loss of the income- and asset-contingent elements of the current formula requires additional aid sufficient to reduce the net cost of attendance by 11 to 22 percent. This compensating variation is net of the negative welfare conse- quences of the disincentives to work and save inherent in the means-testing of financial aid. Replacing just the financial aid tax on assets with a lump sum also reduces welfare.
Gaps That Do Not Sprout
Authors: Orth Wesley , Yoshida Masaya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This squib investigates a prohibition on sprouted remnants in cases of verbal Gapping with an implicit argument in the antecedent. We explore both ellipsis derivations and Across-The-Board-movement derivations for the Gapping structure to determine the underlying cause of this restriction. We find that the ellipsis derivations of verbal Gapping do not block the presence of a sprouted remnant or predict differences in the acceptability of sprouted remnants in verbal Gapping and Pseudogapping. On the other hand, we show that the restriction against sprouting in verbal Gapping constructions is captured as a consequence of issues faced in trace-binding in Across-The-Board-movement.
How open are hybrid journals included in transformative agreements?
Authors: Jahn Najko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ongoing controversy surrounding transformative agreements, which aim to transition subscription-based journal publishing to full open access, highlights the need for large-scale studies assessing the impact of these agreements on hybrid open access. By combining multiple open data sources, including cOAlition S Journal Checker, Crossref, and OpenAlex, this study presents a novel approach that analyzes over 700 agreements. Results suggest a strong growth in open access, from 4.3% in 2018 to 15% in 2022. Over five years, 11,189 hybrid journals provided open access to 742,369 out of 8,146,958 articles (9.1%). Authors who could make use of transformative agreements contributed 328,957 open access articles (44%) during this period, reaching a peak in 2022 with 143,615 out of 249,511 open access articles (58%). While this trend was predominantly driven by the three commercial publishers Elsevier, Springer Nature, and Wiley, open access uptake varied substantially across journals, publishers, disciplines, and countries. In particular, the OECD and BRICS areas revealed different publication trends. In conclusion, this study suggests that current levels of implementation of transformative agreements are insufficient to bring about a large-scale transition to full open access.
Ukrainian Visions of Peace: (Re-)Shaping Peace through Victory
Authors: Kyselova Tetiana , Landau Dana M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How can peace be achieved in Ukraine following Russia’s full-scale invasion of February 2022? In contrast to the impulse of many in the field of peacebuilding to call for concessions through a negotiated settlement, Ukrainian voices have consistently called for support of its military self-defense to achieve peace through victory. Heeding the peacebuilding field’s stated commitment to the principle of local ownership, by which those affected by war should take the lead in the pursuit of peace, this article analyzes Ukrainian articulations of peace at the governmental, civil society, and grassroots levels since 2022. We find that Ukrainians view peace primarily through the lens of victory. Taking these Ukrainian visions of peace seriously, we discuss potential tensions and challenges contained in the notion of peace through victory, including tensions between peace by armed resistance and peace by peaceful means, between the goals of Ukrainian victory and defeat of Russian imperialism, between peace and justice, as well as between militarization and democracy. The article concludes with a call for deeper scholarly and practitioner engagement with Ukrainian conceptions of peace through victory.
Triage body temperature predicts outcome in cats at emergency department admission: a retrospective study of 1440 cases (January 2018 to December 2021)
Authors: Pontiero Alessandra , Bulgarelli Cecilia , Ciuffoli Elena , Buzzurra Francesca , Villani Agnese , Troìa Roberta , Giunti Massimo 
Published: January 2025

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between triage body temperature (BT) and outcome in cats presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted on cats presented to the ED. BT, clinical diagnosis and outcome were recorded. BT was categorised as follows: normothermia (37.8–39.7°C); hyperthermia (⩾39.8°C); mild hypothermia (36.8–37.7°C); moderate hypothermia (35.6–36.7°C); severe hypothermia (33.1–35.5°C); and critical hypothermia (⩽33°C). Outcome in the ED was categorised as death, euthanasia, hospital admission and discharge. Outcome at hospital discharge was evaluated in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was identified in patients. No-SIRS cats were divided into three disease categories (urinary system, cardiovascular and miscellanea) and SIRS cats into four categories (urinary system, cardiovascular, trauma and miscellanea). The presence of sepsis was evaluated. Non-parametric statistics were used. Results A total of 1440 cats were included. The hospital mortality rate was 21.9%. Hypothermia in the ED was reported in 510 (35.4%) cats, normothermia in 849 (59%) cats and hyperthermia in 81 (5.6%) cats. In the ED, the median temperature in non-survivors (35.4°C, 95% confidence interval [CI] 34.6–36.3) was significantly lower than in survivors (38.2°C, 95% CI 38.1–38.3; P <0.0001). The risk of non-survival in the ED was significantly higher in cats with a decreased BT, progressively increasing with the severity of hypothermia ( P <0.0001). Furthermore, BT was significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality in the ICU ( P <0.0001). A diagnosis of sepsis was associated with a high prevalence of hypothermia (79/124 cats, 63.7%) and a higher risk of non-survival (odds ratio [OR] 2.62, 95% CI 1.52–4.54; P = 0.0006). The mortality risk significantly increased in SIRS cats with a cardiovascular disease (OR 8.27, 95% CI 4.09–16.68; P <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance Hypothermia is common in cats at ED admission and is significantly associated with outcome. Triage hypothermia might identify patients with sepsis or SIRS complicated by comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and urinary diseases.
Active cycle of breathing technique versus oscillating positive expiratory pressure therapy: Effect on lung function in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia; A feasibility study
Authors: Fashho Bishara , Rumman Nisreen , Lucas Jane , Halaweh Hadeel 
Published: January 2025

Background: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder requiring airway clearance techniques for mucus removal. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and the effect of the active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) versus oscillating positive expiratory pressure therapy (OPEP) in improving lung function and functional exercise capacity among children with PCD in Palestine. Methods: 32 PCD children (6–18 years) were included in a 12-week home-based feasibility study. They were assigned randomly into two groups: ACBT and OPEP. Data collection included spirometry measurements, and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: After 12 weeks of regular airway clearance techniques (ACT), the FEV1, MEF25-75%, and the 6MWT demonstrated statistically significant differences ( p = .02, p = .04, and p = .05 respectively) between the two groups, in favor of the OPEP group with the effect size of Cohen’s d (0.86, 0.76, and 0.71) respectively. However, there was no significant difference ( p > .05) between the two groups in FVC and FEV1/FVC. Additionally, only in the OPEP group, significant differences were recorded between pre and post-tests for FEV1 and 6MWT ( p < .05). Conclusion: The randomized study design comparing ACBT and OPEP was feasible and acceptable to patients. OPEP demonstrates potential for managing respiratory health; however, treatments should be individualized to address each patient’s specific needs. Further research with larger cohorts is needed to assess the effectiveness of both methods.
Impact of workflow times on successful reperfusion after endovascular treatment in the late time window
Authors: Alhabli Ibrahim , Benali Faysal , Hill Michael D , Murphy Sean , Toni Danilo , Patrik Michel , Casetta Ilaria , Power Sarah , Saia Valentina , Pracucci Giovanni , Mangiafico Salvatore , Boyle Karl , Nannoni Stefania , Fainardi Enrico , Thornton John , Kim Beom Joon , Menon Bijoy K , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Bala Fouzi 
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose Successful and complete reperfusion should be the aim of every endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) procedure. However, the effect of time delays on successful reperfusion in late window stroke patients presenting 6-to-24 h from onset has not been investigated. Materials and Methods We pooled individual patient-level data from seven trials and registries for anterior circulation stroke patients treated with EVT between 6 and 24 h from onset. We explored the impact of delays across multiple interval times, including onset to hospital arrival; hospital arrival to arterial puncture; imaging to arterial puncture; and onset to arterial puncture. Our primary outcome was successful reperfusion, defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score of 2b–3. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between each of the interval times and successful reperfusion. Results We included 608 patients. The median age was 70 years (IQR 58–79), and 307 (50.5%) were females. Successful reperfusion was achieved in 494 (81.2%) patients. Patients with successful reperfusion had lower NIHSS scores (median 15 [IQR11–19] vs 17 [11–21], p = .02) and significantly shorter hospital arrival to arterial puncture time (90 min [60–150] vs 110 min [84.5–150], p = .01) than unsuccessful reperfusion. The odds of successful reperfusion decreased by 15% for every one-hour delay in arrival-to-puncture time (adjusted odds ratio 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.95). Other workflow times did not impact the rate of successful reperfusion. Conclusion Faster hospital arrival to arterial puncture time is associated with higher odds of successful reperfusion in late window stroke patients.
A case series on combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with conventional rehabilitation therapies for upper limb motor-function restoration
Authors: Pong Mei Yin , Mazlan Mazlina , Chung Tze Yang , Sabirin Sakinah , Chan Soo Chin 
Published: January 2025

This case series reports the integration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with conventional rehabilitation therapies in three early subacute ischemic stroke patients with upper limb motor impairment. In Malaysia, data on the combination of rTMS with intensive rehabilitation for stroke patients remains limited. The three patients with completely paretic upper limb, began therapy on post-stroke day 20, 16, and 15, respectively. They received rTMS sessions with inhibitory protocols targeting the contralesional primary motor area (M1) at 1 Hz, 5 days per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions). Each session included 1800 pulses at 120% resting motor threshold for 40 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of upper limb motor-function training. Outpatient occupational therapy was then continued for 3 months. All patients showed neurological and functional recovery as measured by the Medical Research Council scale and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity Motor. The gains were observed immediately after the 10 rTMS sessions and persisted at 3 months post-stroke. Furthermore, all patients also achieved total independence in daily activities, with Modified Barthel Index scores of 99-100. No serious adverse events were reported. This case series suggests that combining rTMS with conventional rehabilitation therapies during the early subacute phase may enhance upper limb motor function recovery in stroke patients.
Slight thermal stress exerts genetic diversity selection at coral (Acropora digitifera) larval stages
Authors: Manullang Cristiana , Hanahara Nozomi , Tarigan Ariyo Imanuel , Abe Yuko , Furukawa Mao , Morita Masaya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Rising seawater temperatures increasingly threaten coral reefs. The ability of coral larvae to withstand heat is crucial for maintaining reef ecosystems. Although several studies have investigated coral larvae’s genetic responses to thermal stress, most relied on pooled sample sequencing, which provides population-level insights but may mask individual genotype variability. This study uses individual larval sequencing to investigate genotype-specific responses to heat stress and the selective pressures shaping their genomes, offering finer resolution and deeper insights.

Results
This study investigates the larval response to heat stress before acquiring symbiotic algae, aiming to elucidate the relationship between coral genetic diversity and heat stress. Larvae sourced from eight Acropora digitifera colonies were subjected to ambient temperature (28 °C) and heat conditions (31 °C). The impact of heat stress on larval genetic diversity was assessed through sequencing. While overall genetic diversity, represented by π, did not significantly differ between the control and heat-exposed groups, Tajima’s D differed, indicating different selective pressures in each group. The genomic regions under higher and lower Tajima’s D were not broadly shared among control and head conditions, implying that selective pressures operated in distinctive manners. Many larval protein-coding sequences were identified in this genomic region, and the codon evolution of many of these genes showed signs of positive selection. These results highlight the complex selective pressures on coral larvae under different temperatures. The genes showing signs of positive selection in response to heat stress may have also been influenced by historical temperature fluctuations, as suggested by their association with loci identified during Acroporid speciation. These loci under codon-level positive selection during speciation highlight the potential role of genetic diversity in shaping adaptation to environmental changes over evolutionary timescales.

Conclusion
These findings underscore the significance of genetic diversity in coral reproduction for maintaining reef ecosystems. They also indicate that even minor heat stress can exert significant selective pressure, potentially leading to profound implications for coral reef ecosystems. This research is crucial for understanding the impact of rising seawater temperatures on coral reefs.