bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tannic acid on proteins and fat in cream
Authors: Wicks Cameron J. , Bolling Bradley W. , Hartel Richard W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractsThe addition of polyphenols to ice cream mix has been shown to cause a decrease in melting rate of that ice cream, although the mechanisms of this effect are not well understood. To better understand this phenomenon, the objective of this study was to understand the effects of a polyphenol, tannic acid (TA), on dairy cream. TA was added to cream at 0.75%, 1.5% and 3% (wt/wt) concentrations. An increase in complex viscosity was seen as TA% increased. The effect of pH on protein aggregation was minimal since the pH values of the resulting TA-cream samples were generally above the isoelectric point of milk proteins. Microscope images and particle size distributions confirmed the presence of fat globule clusters in these samples, creating a network at 3% TA. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to disperse both fat and protein, average particle size and microscope images suggested that milk protein-TA interactions helped create the clusters. No evidence of partial coalescence was observed. These findings can help optimize the complex effect of polyphenols in the dairy matrix to create higher quality products.
Graphical Abstract
Salivary Metabolomic Signatures and Body Mass Index in Italian Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Authors: India Aldana Sandra , Valvi Damaskini , Joshi Anu , Lucchini Roberto G , Placidi Donatella , Petrick Lauren , Horton Megan , Niedzwiecki Megan , Colicino Elena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Obesity surveillance is scarce in adolescents, and little is known on whether salivary metabolomics data, emerging minimally invasive biomarkers, can characterize metabolic patterns associated with overweight or obesity in adolescents.

Objective
This pilot study aims to identify the salivary molecular signatures associated with body mass index (BMI) in Italian adolescents.

Methods
Saliva samples and BMI were collected in a subset of n = 74 young adolescents enrolled in the Public Health Impact of Metal Exposure study (2007-2014). A total of 217 untargeted metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Robust linear regression was used to cross-sectionally determine associations between metabolomic signatures and sex-specific BMI-for-age z-scores (z-BMI).

Results
Nearly 35% of the adolescents (median age: 12 years; 51% females) were either obese or overweight. A higher z-BMI was observed in males compared to females (P = .02). One nucleoside (deoxyadenosine) and 2 lipids (18:0-18:2 phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine) were negatively related to z-BMI (P &lt; .05), whereas 2 benzenoids (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and a phthalate metabolite) were positively associated with z-BMI (P &lt; .05). In males, several metabolites including deoxyadenosine, as well as deoxycarnitine, hyodeoxycholic acid, N-methylglutamic acid, bisphenol P, and trigonelline were downregulated, while 3 metabolites (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, theobromine/theophylline/paraxanthine, and alanine) were upregulated in relation to z-BMI (P &lt; .05). In females, deoxyadenosine and dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine were negatively associated with z-BMI while deoxycarnitine and a phthalate metabolite were positively associated (P &lt; .05). A single energy-related pathway was enriched in the identified associations in females (carnitine synthesis, P = .04).

Conclusion
Salivary metabolites involved in nucleotide, lipid, and energy metabolism were primarily altered in relation to BMI in adolescents.
The impact of the menstrual cycle on orthopaedic sports injuries in female athletes
Authors: Raj Rhody D. , Fontalis Andreas , Grandhi Tarani S. P. , Kim Woo J. , Gabr Ayman , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: July 2023

There is a disparity in sport-related injuries between sexes, with females sustaining non-contact musculoskeletal injuries at a higher rate. Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures are between two and eight times more common than in males, and females also have a higher incidence of ankle sprains, patellofemoral pain, and bone stress injuries. The sequelae of such injuries can be devastating to an athlete, resulting in time out of sport, surgery, and the early onset of osteoarthritis. It is important to identify the causes of this disparity and introduce prevention programmes to reduce the incidence of these injuries. A natural difference reflects the effect of reproductive hormones in females, which have receptors in certain musculoskeletal tissues. Relaxin increases ligamentous laxity. Oestrogen decreases the synthesis of collagen and progesterone does the opposite. Insufficient diet and intensive training can lead to menstrual irregularities, which are common in female athletes and result in injury, whereas oral contraception may have a protective effect against certain injuries. It is important for coaches, physiotherapists, nutritionists, doctors, and athletes to be aware of these issues and to implement preventive measures. This annotation explores the relationship between the menstrual cycle and orthopaedic sports injuries in pre-menopausal females, and proposes recommendations to mitigate the risk of sustaining these injuries.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(7):723–728.
Is a radiological score able to predict resection-grade chondrosarcoma in primary intraosseous lesions of the long bones?
Authors: Gundavda Manit K. , Lazarides Alexander L. , Burke Zachary D. C. , Focaccia Marco , Griffin Anthony M. , Tsoi Kim M. , Ferguson Peter C. , Wunder Jay S. 
Published: July 2023

AimsThe preoperative grading of chondrosarcomas of bone that accurately predicts surgical management is difficult for surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists. There are often discrepancies in grade between the initial biopsy and the final histology. Recent advances in the use of imaging methods have shown promise in the ability to predict the final grade. The most important clinical distinction is between grade 1 chondrosarcomas, which are amenable to curettage, and resection-grade chondrosarcomas (grade 2 and 3) which require en bloc resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a Radiological Aggressiveness Score (RAS) to predict the grade of primary chondrosarcomas in long bones and thus to guide management.MethodsA total of 113 patients with a primary chondrosarcoma of a long bone presenting between January 2001 and December 2021 were identified on retrospective review of a single oncology centre’s prospectively collected database. The nine-parameter RAS included variables from radiographs and MRI scans. The best cut-off of parameters to predict the final grade of chondrosarcoma after resection was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and this was correlated with the biopsy grade.ResultsA RAS of ≥ four parameters was 97.9% sensitive and 90.5% specific in predicting resection-grade chondrosarcoma based on a ROC cut-off derived using the Youden index. Cronbach’s α of 0.897 was derived as the interclass correlation for scoring the lesions by four blinded reviewers who were surgeons. Concordance between resection-grade lesions predicted from the RAS and ROC cut-off with the final grade after resection was 96.46%. Concordance between the biopsy grade and the final grade was 63.8%. However, when the patients were analyzed based on surgical management, the initial biopsy was able to differentiate low-grade from resection-grade chondrosarcomas in 82.9% of biopsies.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the RAS is an accurate method for guiding the surgical management of patients with these tumours, particularly when the initial biopsy results are discordant with the clinical presentation.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(7):808–814.
Five-year outcomes for patients with a displaced fracture of the distal tibia
Authors: Parsons Nick , Achten Juul , Costa Matt L. 
Published: July 2023

AimsTo report the outcomes of patients with a fracture of the distal tibia who were treated with intramedullary nail versus locking plate in the five years after participating in the Fixation of Distal Tibia fracture (FixDT) trial.MethodsThe FixDT trial reported the results for 321 patients randomized to nail or locking plate fixation in the first 12 months after their injury. In this follow-up study, we report the results of 170 of the original participants who agreed to be followed up until five years. Participants reported their Disability Rating Index (DRI) and health-related quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire) annually by self-reported questionnaire. Further surgical interventions related to the fracture were also recorded.ResultsThere was no evidence of a difference in patient-reported disability, health-related quality of life, or the need for further surgery between participants treated with either type of fixation at five years. Considering the combined results for all participants, there was no significant change in DRI scores after the first 12 months of follow-up (difference between 12 and 24 months, 3.3 (95% confidence interval -1.8 to 8.5); p = 0.203), with patients reporting around 20% disability at five years.ConclusionThis study shows that the moderate levels of disability and reduced quality of life reported by participants 12 months after a fracture of the distal tibia persist in the medium term, with little evidence of improvement after the first year.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(7):795–800.
Clinical results of periacetabular osteotomy with structural bone allograft for the treatment of severe hip dysplasia
Authors: Fujii Masanori , Kawano Shunsuke , Ueno Masaya , Sonohata Motoki , Kitajima Masaru , Tanaka Shiori , Mawatari Daisuke , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: July 2023

AimsTo clarify the mid-term results of transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum (TOA), a type of spherical periacetabular osteotomy, combined with structural allograft bone grafting for severe hip dysplasia.MethodsWe reviewed patients with severe hip dysplasia, defined as Severin IVb or V (lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA) < 0°), who underwent TOA with a structural bone allograft between 1998 and 2019. A medical chart review was conducted to extract demographic data, complications related to the osteotomy, and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). Radiological parameters of hip dysplasia were measured on pre- and postoperative radiographs. The cumulative probability of TOA failure (progression to Tönnis grade 3 or conversion to total hip arthroplasty) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier product-limited method, and a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify predictors for failure.ResultsA total of 64 patients (76 hips) were included in this study. The median follow-up period was ten years (interquartile range (IQR) five to 14). The median mHHS improved from 67 (IQR 56 to 80) preoperatively to 96 (IQR 85 to 97) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The radiological parameters improved postoperatively (p < 0.001), with the resulting parameters falling within the normal range in 42% to 95% of hips. The survival rate was 95% at ten years and 80% at 15 years. Preoperative Tönnis grade 2 was an independent risk factor for TOA failure.ConclusionOur findings suggest that TOA with structural bone allografting is a viable surgical option for correcting severely dysplastic acetabulum in adolescents and young adults without advanced osteoarthritis, with favourable mid-term outcomes.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(7):743–750.
CT methods for measuring glenoid bone loss are inaccurate, and not reproducible or interchangeable
Authors: Tennent Duncan , Antonios Tony , Arnander Magnus , Ejindu Vivian , Papadakos Nik , Rastogi Anshul , Pearse Yemi 
Published: July 2023

AimsGlenoid bone loss is a significant problem in the management of shoulder instability. The threshold at which the bone loss is considered “critical” requiring bony reconstruction has steadily dropped and is now approximately 15%. This necessitates accurate measurement in order that the correct operation is performed. CT scanning is the most commonly used modality and there are a number of techniques described to measure the bone loss however few have been validated. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the most commonly used techniques for measuring glenoid bone loss on CT.MethodsAnatomically accurate models with known glenoid diameter and degree of bone loss were used to determine the mathematical and statistical accuracy of six of the most commonly described techniques (relative diameter, linear ipsilateral circle of best fit (COBF), linear contralateral COBF, Pico, Sugaya, and circle line methods). The models were prepared at 13.8%, 17.6%, and 22.9% bone loss. Sequential CT scans were taken and randomized. Blinded reviewers made repeated measurements using the different techniques with a threshold for theoretical bone grafting set at 15%.ResultsAt 13.8%, only the Pico technique measured under the threshold. At 17.6% and 22.9% bone loss all techniques measured above the threshold. The Pico technique was 97.1% accurate, but had a high false-negative rate and poor sensitivity underestimating the need for grafting. The Sugaya technique had 100% specificity but 25% of the measurements were incorrectly above the threshold. A contralateral COBF underestimates the area by 16% and the diameter by 5 to 7%.ConclusionNo one method stands out as being truly accurate and clinicians need to be aware of the limitations of their chosen technique. They are not interchangeable, and caution must be used when reading the literature as comparisons are not reliable.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(7):478–489.
Temperature uniformity optimization with power-frequency coordinated variation in multi-source microwave based on sequential quadratic programming
Authors: Yang Biao , Han Zemin , Cheng Cheng , Gao Hao , Wu Zhaogang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The focus of this study is to regulate the variation in the input parameters of multiple microwave sources in a high-frequency multimode resonant heating system to achieve uniform heating. First, this study deeply expands the theoretical process of frequency change and proposes a frequency-shifting strategy with hot spot alternation to ensure that the temperature difference range of each hot spot does not continuously expand during the heating process. Then, a sequential quadratic programming algorithm is introduced to reconstruct the input power values to improve the heating efficiency according to the different microwave absorption efficiencies of the heated material at different frequencies. Finally, a numerical calculation model for multi-source microwave power-frequency cooperative heating is established based on the finite-element method, and the temperature uniformity index is effectively calculated. Numerical calculations show that the proposed method can improve the uniformity in single-material heating and multi-material heating cases by 56.8–94.3% and 44.4–76.6%, respectively, over that of fixed-frequency heating while achieving improved heating efficiency on the basis of frequency conversion.
A corpus analysis of Swahili’s dual-complementizer system
Authors: Finholt Aron , Gluckman John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tanzanian Swahili has two complementizers, kuwa and kwamba, both used to introduce finite embedded clauses. We explore whether the complementizers are in free variation, as reported in all descriptive and pedagogical work. Our study primarily relies on corpus data, which we supplement with native speaker judgments. We find that the complementizers are not in free variation, but in fact are affected by a number of factors known to affect embedded clauses cross-linguistically, including predicate class, person features of the main-clause subject, and mood in the embedded clause. We conclude that the complementizers ultimately reflect subtle, pragmatic factors concerning how the truth of the embedded clause should be evaluated. Our study expands on previous work on languages with so-called “dual-complementizer” systems.
Recent research progress on the stimuli-responsive smart membrane: A review
Authors: Pan Yi , Liu Yapeng , Yang Shuangchun , Zhang Changqing , Ullah Zain 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The smart membrane is a new type of functional membrane. The performance of this membrane is changed according to the variations in external physical and chemical signals. This membrane has become an essential focus in specific recognition, catalysis, selective permeation, and other fields. However, the problems of this membrane are weak anti-pollution ability, poor response performance, and inability of mass production. Therefore, scholars have done a lot of research on improving this membrane by modification, grafting polymerization, phase transformation, and in situ cross-linking copolymerization. This review provides a comparative investigation and summary of smart membranes, including temperature, light, electric field, magnetic field, pH, and specific molecular and ion-responsive membranes. Moreover, the authors also introduce the preparation process, selectivity, optimization and improvement of membranes, and their application fields. Finally, the authors’ perspective on the current key issues and directions of these fields for future development are also discussed.
How inadequate heat treatment or complete lack thereof can cause component failures
Authors: Neidel A. , Giller M. , Riesenbeck S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper is a compilation of failure analysis case studies exploring the subject of inadequate heat treatment. As with other papers in this series, the presented failure cases are rather simple and may appear trivial to the experienced failure analyst. The authors can guarantee however, that minor heat treatment errors are committed easily and have a considerable damage potential which may entail heavy financial losses. Therefore, cases of inadequate heat treatment or a complete lack of necessary heat treatment belong by all means in the column Failure Analysis. The metallurgical subject of these failure cases are low-alloy hardenable steels without exception. Common heat treatment processes such as induction hardening, case hardening, nitriding as well as through-hardening and tempering will be touched upon.
Ein NS-Ideologe als „besonderer Glücksfall“
Authors: Lay Conrad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Karl Epting war einer der wichtigsten Köpfe der intellektuellen Kollaboration im besetzten Paris der Jahre 1940 bis 1944. Wie der mit ihm befreundete Botschafter Otto Abetz so verwandelte sich der als graue Eminenz der deutsch-französischen Kulturbeziehungen geltende Epting von einem scheinbar harmlosen Frankreich-Enthusiasten in einen rassistischen NS-Ideologen. Eptings Leben kennzeichnete eine doppelte Kontinuität: zunächst die Integration eines pietistischen Missionarssohns in das NS-Regime und anschließend die mühelose Integration eines überzeugten Nationalsozialisten und aggressiven Antisemiten in die Nachkriegsgesellschaft. In den 1960er Jahren galt der inzwischen zum Direktor eines humanistischen Gymnasiums avancierte Epting sogar als „besonderer Glücksfall“.
Marketing strategy of ecotourism in Uzbekistan and Indonesia
Authors: Yuliarni Novia , Hurriyati Ratih , Disman Disman , Hendrayati Heny , Warlina Lia 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to compare a marketing strategy for ecotourism in Uzbekistan and Indonesia. A marketing strategy study for ecotourism in Uzbekistan used a literature review. However, ecotourism in Indonesia used a model to examine how the ecotourism experience influences tourist satisfaction and loyalty. The authors used structural equation modeling with 400 tourists who have visited the Kawah Putih Ecotourism in West Java, Indonesia. According to study findings, Uzbekistan's ecotourism industry has a more significant positive impact on the nation's economy and society. The results show that a positive ecotourism experience in Indonesia increases tourist satisfaction and loyalty, which is essential in marketing strategy. The impact of this research is that all stakeholders in the ecotourism sector should improve marketing strategies that can increase tourist satisfaction. As a result, the tourists will repeat visits to other ecotourism destinations.
Assessment of Awareness and Barriers to the Application of Lean Construction Techniques in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Musa Mohammed Mukhtar , Mallam Saleh Ibrahim , Ibrahim Yakubu , Adamu Dandajeh Mukhtar 
Published: July 2023

Generally, construction industry is notable for its poor performances in terms of cost and time overruns, as well as poor project planning. To improve efficiency and effectiveness of construction process, many countries adopt lean construction. However, in Nigerian construction practitioners do not apply most of the lean techniques in their projects. The aim of this study is to assess level of awareness and barriers to the application of lean construction techniques in Kano State, Nigeria. The study adopted quantitative approach, whereby 200 questionnaires were administered to construction professionals in the study area. A total of 159 were returned completed, representing 79.5% response rate. The data collected were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, and effect index analyses. The results reveal that, the level of awareness/ knowledge of lean techniques among construction practitioners in the study area was low. In addition, the study found that the major barriers to the application of lean techniques in construction projects were lack of awareness program to increase knowledge about LC and lack of education and training needed to apply LC techniques in construction improvement. It can be concluded that, construction firms in the study area are still using traditional approach in project management instead of adopting innovative approach that improve project performance. The study has proposes guiding strategies that will help increase the level of application of lean techniques in Nigeria. Thus, the study can assist government and construction practitioners to understand strategies that can lead to improvement in the application of lean techniques in Nigeria.

Keywords: Awareness; Barriers; Construction projects; Lean techniques; Questionnaire survey.
Perspective of pediatricians about early childhood caries (ECC) in lumbini province Nepal: A major virulent dental problem
Authors: Sharma Bhagwat Swaroop , Sharma Jyoti , Upadhyay Manisha , Agrawal Ankita , Deshbhakt Indu Bhushan 
Published: July 2023

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant worldwide oral health problem that needs to be looked after by parents. Some parents do not care about the oral health of their children, and they more frequently visit pediatricians. So, pediatricians are one of the most reliable profession for preventing children’s oral diseases, and promoting awareness. The aim of the study was to know the knowledge and awareness of pediatricians’ about early childhood caries (ECC) in lumbini province, Nepal.A total of 40 pediatricians were selected by using census sampling method and were requested to fill out an objective questionnaire pertaining to individual’s knowledge about ECC, without providing any oral health information taking duration of the study from March 2021 to September 2021.About 23(56.5%) of pediatricians understood the importance of pediatric dentistry. About 34(86.2%) of pediatricians performed oral examination regularly. Around 17% of pediatricians had knowledge of the ECC. Only 14(33.3%) of pediatricians acknowledged the cariogenicity of sugar containing medical syrups.The study shows poor knowledge regarding ECC, oral health, and dental treatment need in children among the surveyed pediatricians although having good knowledge about pediatric speciality and importance of primary dentition. Thus, there is a need to update the Pediatricians on recent recommendations about ECC and its early screening.