bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosimilar Competition and Payments in Medicare: The Case of Trastuzumab
Authors: Horn Danea M. , Alpert Abby E. , Duggan Mark G. , Garcia Nicolas A. , Jacobson Mireille 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE: Numerous biologic drugs will soon be facing biosimilar competition. We study the case of trastuzumab, a revolutionary drug approved in 1998 to treat human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer, to understand how trends in the price and treatment cost of the originator brand and biosimilar forms of trastuzumab evolved following biosimilar entry. METHODS: We use average sales price data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, adjusted for inflation to real 2020 dollars using the consumer price index, to describe price changes for the originator biologic and biosimilar versions of trastuzumab between 2019, when the first biosimilar was covered by Medicare, and 2022, when a total of five biosimilar competitors were on the market. We also estimate total treatment costs of biologic and biosimilar forms of trastuzumab from 2005 to 2022 and describe changes in their market share. RESULTS: We find that the first biosimilar entrant's price was 15% lower than the originator brand in 2019, and the fifth biosimilar entrant's price in 2022 was 58% lower than the originator brand in 2019. Contrary to expectations from prior research, the originator biologic price in 2022 decreased 29% from its 2019 average sales price. Average treatment cost for the biologic and biosimilar versions of trastuzumab combined was $45,659 US dollars lower in 2022 compared with the year before biosimilar entry, 2018. Finally, biosimilar market share grew from only 7% in the first year of entry to 32% in the second year, when three biosimilars were on the market. CONCLUSION: Biosimilar entry may be an effective means of decreasing the cost of biologic cancer treatments. Our findings suggest that policies that support biosimilar entry and encourage use may expand access to necessary treatment and reduce health care costs.
The Curious Case of Oscar Lorick: Race, Markets, and Militancy during the Farm Crisis
Authors: Shimoni-Stoil Rebecca 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In 1985 Oscar Lorick—an aging and illiterate Black farmer clinging to seventy-nine acres of land and burdened with massive debts—turned to local farm activist Tommy Kersey to help stave off foreclosure. The ensuing mobilization tied together the NAACP, Black church networks, white supremacist militants, corporate sponsors, a millionaire benefactor, and even the Atlanta Falcons in the ultimately successful attempt to save his farm. Lorick's story serves as a point of departure to assert that the Farm Crisis facilitated the convergence of anti-federal and federal-skeptic ideologies, both radical and conventional, in the fertile ground of rural America. Relying on court records, news reports, and organizational documents, this article reconstructs a story that grabbed national attention during the Farm Crisis to demonstrate the importance of free-market narratives, racial discrimination, and the legacy of civil rights mobilization in understanding the complexity of agrarian activism in the crisis-era South.
Review of health research and data on racialised groups: Implications for addressing racism and racial disparities in public health practice and policies in Europe: a study protocol
Authors: Meudec Marie , Affun-Adegbulu Clara , Cosaert Theo 
Published: January 2023

Historically, across Europe, data and research on racialised minority groups have not been collected or carried out in a sufficient, adequate, or appropriate manner. Yet, to understand emerging and existing health disparities among such groups, researchers and policymakers must obtain and use data to build evidence that informs decision-making and action on key structural and social determinants of health. This systematic search and review aims to contribute to closing this gap and promote a race-conscious approach to health research, strengthening the utilisation and deployment of data and research on racialised minority groups in Europe. Its ultimate goal is to improve equality and equity in health. Concretely, the study will do so by reviewing and critically analysing the usage of the concepts of race, ethnicity, and their related euphemisms and proxies in health-related research. It will examine the collection, use, and deployment of data and research on racialised minority groups in this area. The study will focus on Belgium, France, and the Netherlands, three countries with graphical proximity and several similarities, one of which is the limited attention that is given to racism and racial inequalities in health in research and policy. This choice is also justified by practical knowledge of the context and languages. The results of the review will be used to develop guidance on how to use and deploy data and research on and with racialised groups. The review is part of a larger project which aims to promote race-conscious research and data. The project does this by a three-pronged approach which: 1) highlights the need for a race-conscious approach when collecting and using data, carrying out research on racialised minority groups; 2) builds expertise for their effective use and deployment, and; 3) creates a knowledge network and community of practice for public health researchers working in Europe.
O papel da inserção nas cadeias globais de valor (CGVs) para a redução da pobreza na América Latina e Caribe | The role of insertion in global value chains (GVCs) for poverty reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Lauria Lucas Baggi de Mendonça 
Published: January 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os resultados de uma maior participação nas cadeias globais de valor (CGVs) para a redução dos índices de pobreza na América Latina e Caribe (ALC), especialmente tendo em vista o aumento da miséria no contexto pós-pandêmico. A hipótese testada no artigo é a de que quanto maior for a inserção da região da ALC nas cadeias globais de valor, menor será o nível de pobreza. Para testá-la, realiza-se uma análise de regressão linear múltipla com dados sobre a inserção da região em CGVs, oriundos da United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), bem como com informações de pobreza extraídas do Banco Mundial, tendo por período de análise o intervalo entre 1991 e 2018. Como resultados, observa-se um decréscimo tímido na inserção da ALC em CGVs. Apesar disso, identifica-se uma correlação entre a participação em CGVs e a redução da pobreza, confirmando-se, com ressalvas, a hipótese proposta.Palavras-chave: Cadeias Globais de Valor (CGVs). Pobreza. América Latina e Caribe (ALC).ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the results of a higher participation in global value chains (GVCs) for the reduction of poverty rates in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), especially in view of the misery increase in the post-pandemic context. The hypothesis tested is the greater the region's insertion in global value chains, the lower the poverty levels. To test it, a multiple linear regression analysis is developed with data on the region's insertion in GVCs from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), as well as aggregate poverty data extracted from the World Bank, for the period between 1991 and 2018. As the main results, we see a timid decrease in the region's insertion in GVCs. Despite that, we observe a correlation between participation in GVCs and the reduction of poverty. Such evidence makes it possible to confirm, although with reservations, the hypothesis proposed.Keywords: Global Value Chains (GVCs). Poverty. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Recebido em: 04 jan. 2022 | Aceito em: 18 dez. 2022.
Tomato F3 lines development and its selection index based on narrow-sense heritability and factor analysis
Authors: FARID MUH , ANSHORI MUHAMMAD FUAD , RIDWAN IFAYANTI 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Farid M, Anshori MF, Ridwan I. 2022. Tomato F3 lines development and its selection index based on narrow-sense heritability and factor analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 5790-5797. The F3 is the early selection generation that has a good heritability and heredity pattern in a segregated population. The aims of this study are to identify the effectiveness of forming a selection index based on narrow-sense heritability and factor analysis and to select potential tomato F3 lines to be continued in the F4 generation. The research was arranged by an augmented design combined with a randomized complete block design as the environmental design. The research factors consisted of non-repeated genotypes, i.e. the lines with a limited number of seeds consisting of 75 lines and repeated genotypes as comparison varieties consisting of three varieties (Mawar, Tymoty, and Karina). The lines that were not repeated were divided into 5 blocks, while the check varieties were planted repeatedly in each block. The effective selection criteria in this study were the yield, fruit weight, number of branches, and total fruit number. The priority character besides yield in this study is fruit weight with high and normal narrow-sense heritability. The index selection results from this study showed that there were a good 32 tomato lines to be continued in the F4 generation. t was considered effective in the selection of tomato lines of the F3 generation.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals biodiversity marine fish diversity of a small island at Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Pranata Bayu , Kusuma Aradea Bujana , Sabariah Vera , Kim Hyun Woo , Andriyono Sapto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Pranata B, Kusuma AB, Sabariah V, Kim HW, Andriwiyono S. 2022. Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals biodiversity marine fish diversity of a small island at Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5982-5988. The uniqueness of small island biodiversity becomes very important to study. Molecular approaches to collecting biodiversity information are currently quite developed. Manokwari district, which is located at the head of Papua Island, Indonesia, has very diversity of marine resources, especially coral reef fish. Currently, we successfully identified marine fish in the coral reef fish ecosystem of Lemon and Mansinam Island. Environmental DNA on Lemon Island and Mansinam Island was successfully carried out. This small island area is located in Manokwari District, Papua, which has a high biodiversity potential, including fishery resources. The MiFish pipeline is used in this Metabarcoding approach by combining water samples from Lemon Island and Mansinam Island. We filtered 1 liter of marine water and pool together from fourteen sampling sites for genomic DNA extraction. A total of 101,001 reads (88.31%) were assigned to 34 species. From the environmental DNA metabarcoding analysis results, the Pomacentridae (8 species), which are reef fish, dominate in this area. Besides, Acanthuridae, Carangidae, and Lutjanidae were identified in this area, which as coral reef fish associates. The results of this environmental DNA also identified 2 species from the Family Scombridae, namely Gymnosarda unicolor and Thunnus obesus. This information is expected to support the sustainable management of the Lemon Island and Mansinam Island Areas for tourism and conservation activities.
Effects of Clonorchis sinensis combined with Hepatitis B virus infection on the prognosis of patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma following Hepatectomy
Authors: Li Yuan-Kuan , Zhao Jing-Fei , Yang Cheng-Lei , Zhan Guo-Hua , Zhang Jie , Qin Shang-Dong , Zhou Min , Li Min-Jun , Huang Jun-Tao , Kong Feng-Yao , Huang Hai , Chen Jia-Hao , Xiang Bang-De 
Published: January 2023

Background
This study aimed to determine the impact of co-infection of Clonorchis sinensis (CS) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatectomy.

Methods
The clinicopathological information of 946 patients with HCC following hepatectomy was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into four groups depending on whether they had CS infection and/or HBV infection: double-negative group (infected with neither CS nor HBV), simple CS group (infected with only CS), simple HBV group (infected with only HBV), and double-positive group (co-infected with CS and HBV). Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), while log-rank tests were used to compare survival rates. Further, Cox regression was used to perform both univariate and multivariate survival analyses to identify variables linked to the prognosis of HCC.

Results
The median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the double-positive, simple CS, simple HBV, and double-negative groups were 27 months and 9 months, 20 months and 7 months, 44 months and 12 months, and 42 months and 17 months, respectively. The double-positive group’s 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 79.2% and 46.9%, 62.6% and 28.4%, 47.8%, and 12.2%, respectively. The simple CS group’s 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 86.3% and 41.5%, 56.5% and 27.7%, 50.2%, and 18.5%, respectively. The simple HBV group’s 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 89.8% and 56.0%, 72.5% and 30.5%, 63.8%, and 19.9%, respectively. The double-negative group’s 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 91.5% and 62.3%, 76.1% and 32.9%, 64.0%, and 22.4%, respectively. Further, according to a Cox multivariate analysis, tumor size (> 5cm), Edmonson grade (III-IV), BCLC-C stage, and tumor satellite focus were independent risk factors for RFS and OS in patients with HCC.

Conclusion
Patients with HCC and Clonorchis sinensis infection experience a poor prognosis after hepatectomy, regardless of whether they are co-infected with HBV.
An exploratory study on excess weight gain: Experiences of Postmenopausal Women in Ghana
Authors: Mensah Bonsu Isaac , Myezwa Hellen , Brandt Corlia , Ajidahun Adedayo Tunde , Moses Monday Omoniyi , Asamoah Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Excess weight gain is a problem with a significant impact on health and quality of life as well as the consequent economic burden on human populations. While society advocates preference for excess weight gain, limited evidence exists concerning postmenopausal women’s experiences in Ghana.

Aim
The current study explored the experiences regarding excess weight (overweight and obesity) gain among Ghanaian postmenopausal women in Bono East (Techiman) region.

Methods
This is a qualitative exploratory descriptive study where anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)] were determined and participants who were identified with excess weight (obesity and overweight) were recruited to participate in a focus group discussion (FGD). Four focus group discussions were held and 24 postmenopausal women (>45 years) in Techiman took part. Discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis.

Results
From the qualitative analysis of the FGD, three major themes emerged from the study namely, (i) perception of body weight, (ii) measures to reduce body weight, and (iii) support to adhere to the weight management program. Sub-themes revealed that weight gained was viewed as the presence of diseases and admired by society as a culturally accepted body image. Diet-related changes, a combination of diet modification and physical activity, and weight management supplements emerged as measures to reduce excess weight. Support to adhere to the weight program included health education, access, affordable exercise facilities, and social support.

Conclusions
Sociocultural norms influence the image perception and acceptance of weight gain among postmenopausal women in Ghana, but there is an acknowledgment of the perceived negative health implications of such excess weight. Measures for weight reduction and support to adhere to the weight reduction programme require attention in Ghana.
Relationship between mentalizing and teacher burnout: A cross sectional study
Authors: Safiye Teodora , Vukčević Branimir , Milidrag Ardea , Dubljanin Jakša , Gutić Cikotić Azra , Dubljanin Draško , Lačković Maja , Rodić Ivana , Nikolić Milica , Čolaković Goran , Mladenović Tatjana , Gutić Medo 
Published: January 2023

Background
Teaching is considered a high-risk profession due to the high impact of occupational risk factors which can endanger educators’ mental health and lead to burnout syndrome. This study aimed to examine whether the capacity for mentalizing in teachers explains the degree of their burnout syndrome. The expectation was that a low capacity for mentalizing increases the degree of burnout.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 823 teachers. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey was used to examine the burnout syndrome. The capacity for mentalizing was examined using hypomentalizing and hypermentalizing scales from the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire.

Results
The expectation that a low capacity for mentalizing increases teachers’ burnout confirms the finding that hypomentalizing is a positive predictor of their emotional exhaustion as a dimension of burnout (ß = 0.09; p < 0.01). Unexpectedly, hypomentalizing proved to be a positive predictor of personal accomplishment (ß = 0.09; p < 0.05), which indicates that with a lower capacity for mentalizing, teachers experience greater personal accomplishment. Also, hypermantalizing was a negative predictor of emotional exhaustion (ß = -0.17; p < 0.01) and depersonalization (ß = -0.31; p < 0.01), and a positive predictor of personal accomplishment (ß = 0.30; p < 0.01). The findings showed that with higher socioeconomic status, with marriage and having children, the burnout of teachers is lower, as expected.

Conclusions
Capacity for mentalizing and burnout syndrome in teachers are interrelated phenomena. With a good capacity for mentalizing, emotional exhaustion and burnout in teachers are reduced. Knowledge and skills that enable a good capacity for mentalizing should be included in educational and teacher training programs.
Incorporación al mercado laboral de personas neurodivergentes: la necesidad de contratos especiales en la legislación laboral mexicana
Authors: Tufiño Gómez Brenda , Escalante Ferrer Ana Esther 
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar una propuesta de contratos especiales para las personas neurodivergentes, que merecen ver cubierto su derecho humano al empleo decente; salvaguardando además su derecho a la salud, al nivel de vida adecuado y a la no discriminación. En ese tenor, el presente trabajo se desarrolla bajo el método deductivo, a través de la delimitación de las personas trabajadoras neurotípicas seguido del análisis de la problemática que envuelve a las personas neurodiversas cuando se enfrentan a las formas tradicionales de productividad para finalizar con la propuesta de elementos a considerar dentro de los contratos especiales de trabajo. Palabras clave: neurodiversidad, contrato especial, trabajo, derechos humanos.
The use of metadiscourse by secondary-level Chinese learners of English in examination scripts: insights from a corpus-based study
Authors: Chung Edsoulla , Crosthwaite Peter Robert , Lee Cynthia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Metadiscourse plays a significant role in determining the quality of writing. While a growing number of studies have investigated the use of metadiscourse by adult second language learners in academic writing at the tertiary level, studies on how secondary-level students adopt such linguistic resources in other genres, particularly in examination writing, remain few. The present study addresses this research gap by examining the distributions of metadiscourse markers in a corpus of 120 low-, medium-, and high-rated advice-giving texts (letters and reports) randomly selected from the Hong Kong public examination of English language writing, written by secondary-level Chinese learners of English. Using Hyland’s (2019) framework of metadiscourse, the study found considerable variation in the use of interactive and interactional metadiscourse across genres (letters vs. reports) and the final exam grades awarded to texts. Implications for teaching English to pre-tertiary Chinese writers are discussed with suggestions for future research.
Scoping review of research methodologies across language studies with deaf and hard-of-hearing multilingual learners
Authors: Cannon Joanna , Marx Nicole 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, research interest in both multilingual learners and, more specifically, in immigrant populations has increased. This is also true for students who are d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) and have families who do not speak or sign the languages of the wider community at home (d/Dhh multilingual learners; DML), and may be recent immigrants transitioning to a new country (immigrant DML; IDML). This is a low-incidence, diverse population of learners with minimal research on both language development and on adequate language support during the schooling years. The present study is a scoping review of the research methodologies utilized to conduct 33 original studies. The results help to explain why research is both lacking and sorely needed, and provide a basis for researchers to identify desiderata in research foci and research designs. Recommendations for educational research with DMLs are proposed.
Caligantem nigra formidine lucum: Verg.georg. 4.468, la stele di Philae e un’annotazione degliScholia Bernensia
Authors: Gagliardi Paola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe notice in theScholia Bernensiaabout Vergil,Georgics4.468 that links the name of Gallus to thekatabasisof Orpheus can be read as a confirmation of the relation between Vergil’s short poem and the elegiac poet’s work. Significant in this sense is the termformido, very elegant as used by Vergil and maybe part of the poetic lexicon of Gallus, as is perhaps suggested by a passage of the Philae stele.
Tre note a Stazio,Tebaide5 (64–70; 77–80; 81–84)
Authors: Martínez Zepeda Baruch 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper will examine three textual problems in Statius’Thebaid, book 5 (Hypsipyle’s narration of the massacre on Lemnos) that have not previously been discussed in appropriate detail. It will also try to contribute to the demonstration of the fact that, on several occasions, P (Parisinus lat. 8051, s. ix2/3) is not the best codex in the tradition and that we can easily accept the text of the majority of manuscripts.
The science of genetically modified poultry
Authors: Ibrahim Mariam , Stadnicka Katarzyna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The exuberant development of targeted genome editing has revolutionized research on the chicken genome, generating chickens with beneficial parameters. The chicken model is a crucial experimental tool that can be utilized for drug manufacture, preclinical research, pathological observation, and other applications. In essence, tweaking the chicken’s genome has enabled the poultry industry to get more done with less, generating genetically modified chickens that lay eggs containing large amounts of lifesaving humanized drugs. The transition of gene editing from concept to practical application has been dramatically hastened by the development of programmable nucleases, bringing scientists closer than ever to the efficient producers of tomorrow’s medicines. Combining the developmental and physiological characteristics of the chicken with cutting-edge genome editing, the chicken furnishes a potent frontier that is foreseen to be actively pursued in the future. Herein we review the current and future prospects of gene editing in chickens and the contributions to the development of humanized pharmaceuticals.