bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging WiFi network logs to infer student collocation and its relationship with academic performance
Authors: Das Swain Vedant , Kwon Hyeokhyen , Sargolzaei Sonia , Saket Bahador , Bin Morshed Mehrab , Tran Kathy , Patel Devashru , Tian Yexin , Philipose Joshua , Cui Yulai , Plötz Thomas , De Choudhury Munmun , Abowd Gregory D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of collocated social interactions can help campuses and organizations better support their community. Universities could determine new ways to conduct classes and design programs by studying how students have collocated in the past. However, this needs data that describe large groups over a long period. Harnessing user devices to infer collocation, while tempting, is challenged by privacy concerns, power consumption, and maintenance issues. Alternatively, embedding new sensors across the entire campus is expensive. Instead, we investigate an easily accessible data source that can retroactively depict multiple users on campus over a semester, a managed WiFi network. Despite the coarse approximations of collocation provided by WiFi network logs, we demonstrate that leveraging such data can express meaningful outcomes of collocated social interaction. Since a known outcome of collocating with peers is improved performance, we inspected if automatically–inferred collocation behaviors can indicate the individual performance of project group members on a campus. We studied 163 students (in 54 project groups) over 14 weeks. After describing how we determine collocation with the WiFi logs, we present a study to analyze how collocation within groups relates to a student’s final score. We found that modeling collocation behaviors showed a significant correlation (Pearson’s$r =0.24$
r
=
0.24
) with performance (better than models of peer feedback or individual behaviors). These findings emphasize that it is feasible and valuable to characterize collocated social interactions with archived WiFi network logs. We conclude the paper with a discussion of applications for repurposing WiFi logs to describe collocation, along with privacy considerations, and directions for future work.
Identifying p53 Target Genes Using Hypomorphic Variants
Authors: Bhatta Bibek , Cooks Tomer 
Published: July 2023

Summary:The reduced tumor suppression activity of hypomorphic variants of the TP53 gene was used by Indeglia and colleagues to corroborate PADI4 as a p53 target. The study makes a noteworthy advancement in comprehending the downstream implications of TP53–PDI4, including potential predictions of survival and the efficacy of immunotherapy.See related article by Indeglia et al., p. 1696 (4).
Coexisting Genomic Alterations in Risk Stratification of KRASG12C-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Heng Sarina Z.W. , Hoo Regina , Tan Daniel S.W. 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Negrao and colleagues showed that coalterations in three genes—KEAP1, SMARCA4, and CDKN2A— correlated to poor clinical outcomes in patients with KRASG12C-mutated non–small cell lung cancer treated with sotorasib or adagrasib. Their study highlights how pooling high-resolution real-world genomic data with clinical outcomes can potentially facilitate risk-stratified precision therapies.
See related article by Negrao et al., p. 1556 (2).
Identification of an Imidazopyridine-based Compound as an Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Pan Mengwu , Solozobova Valeria , Kuznik Nane C. , Jung Nicole , Gräßle Simone , Gourain Victor , Heneka Yvonne M. , Cramer von Clausbruch Christina A. , Fuhr Olaf , Munuganti Ravi S. N. , Maddalo Danilo , Blattner Christine , Neeb Antje , Sharp Adam , Cato Laura , Weiss Carsten , Jeselsohn Rinath M. , Orian-Rousseau Veronique , Bräse Stefan , Cato Andrew C. B. 
Published: July 2023

The pro-oncogenic activities of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) drive breast cancer pathogenesis. Endocrine therapies that impair the production of estrogen or the action of the ERα are therefore used to prevent primary disease metastasis. Although recent successes with ERα degraders have been reported, there is still the need to develop further ERα antagonists with additional properties for breast cancer therapy. We have previously described a benzothiazole compound A4B17 that inhibits the proliferation of androgen receptor–positive prostate cancer cells by disrupting the interaction of the cochaperone BAG1 with the AR. A4B17 was also found to inhibit the proliferation of estrogen receptor—positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. Using a scaffold hopping approach, we report here a group of small molecules with imidazopyridine scaffolds that are more potent and efficacious than A4B17. The prototype molecule X15695 efficiently degraded ERα and attenuated estrogen-mediated target gene expression as well as transactivation by the AR. X15695 also disrupted key cellular protein–protein interactions such as BAG1–mortalin (GRP75) interaction as well as wild-type p53–mortalin or mutant p53–BAG2 interactions. These activities together reactivated p53 and resulted in cell-cycle block and the induction of apoptosis. When administered orally to in vivo tumor xenograft models, X15695 potently inhibited the growth of breast tumor cells but less efficiently the growth of prostate tumor cells. We therefore identify X15695 as an oral selective ER degrader and propose further development of this compound for therapy of ER+ breast cancers.

Significance:
An imidazopyridine that selectively degrades ERα and is orally bioavailable has been identified for the development of ER+ breast cancer therapeutics. This compound also activates wild-type p53 and disrupts the gain-of-function tumorigenic activity of mutant p53, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis.
Evolving Utilization of Covered Stents for Treatment of Aortic Coarctation: Report From the IMPACT Registry
Authors: Morray Brian H. , Kennedy Kevin F. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Covered stent (CS) use for the transcatheter treatment of coarctation of the aorta (COA) was first described over 20 years ago. The covered Cheatham-platinum stent received Food and Drug Administration approval for COA treatment in 2016. Data collected as part of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry IMPACT registry were evaluated for contemporary usage patterns of CS for the treatment of COA from 2016 to 2021.

METHODS:
Version 2 of the IMPACT registry was queried for all patients who underwent stent placement for treatment of COA from 2016 to 2021. Trends in CS use were evaluated by year and age of patient at the time of implant. Analysis was limited to clinical factors collected as part of the registry and was performed to identify factors associated with CS use.

RESULTS:
Data were available for 1989 case entries. Most patients (92%) received a single stent. The overall percentage of CS use in the cohort was 23% and remained consistent throughout the study period. The probability of CS use was significantly associated with increasing patient age at implant. Additional factors associated with CS use included smaller initial COA diameter, native COA, and the presence of a pseudoaneurysm. Procedural adverse event rates were low.

CONCLUSIONS:
CS use to treat COA was more common in adult patients and remained stable over the study period. Factors associated with CS use, including smaller COA diameter and aortic pseudoaneurysm, demonstrate the perceived value of CS as a tool to reduce the risk of aortic wall injury during treatment of COA.
The ‘Total-Legalization’ of Cannabis in Germany: Legal Challenges and the EU Free Market Conundrum
Authors: Hofmann Robin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The German government plans the ‘total-legalization’ of cannabis i.e. a state regulated market for recreational cannabis by 2024. Unlike Canada or Uruguay the German legislator plans to comply with the international treaty regime which strictly prohibits cannabis except for medical and scientific purposes. Concerning the equally prohibitive EU law the German government coalition follows a legal strategy of re-interpreting relevant provisions and exploiting legal loopholes. This article will outline this strategy and analyse the complex problems it raises under international and EU law. It will demonstrate that the German government has embarked on a risky endeavor as the international treaty regime as much as EU crime and drug policies give little room for legal maneuvers. Major issues such as the curbing of drug tourism and the compliance with free market rules remain widely unsolved.
Diversity and Women’s Representation in Small States’ Diplomacy: A Case Study of Lithuania
Authors: Park Ausra 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Since 1991 women have broken many political ‘glass ceilings’ in Lithuania by getting elected to the presidency, the prime ministership and several ‘power’ ministries. The number of women diplomats has also steadily increased, reaching solid representation in the Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (LMFA). However, women are still markedly underrepresented at the ambassadorial level and the LMFA’s upper ranks. Using historical and feminist institutionalisms this article first examines the LMFA’s gendered origins. Then, drawing on a newly collected ambassadorial dataset and empirical analysis, it presents the most comprehensive socio-demographic profiling of Lithuanian ambassadors to reveal the extent of diversity and women’s representation in Lithuania’s foreign service. Through empirical mapping and application of a gender in diplomacy theoretical approach, it identifies where women (and men) are located in the country’s diplomacy and compare — for confirmation or refutation — observed patterns in Lithuania’s ambassadorial appointments against those discerned globally.
Multi-Isotopic Investigation of Population Dynamics and Mobility among Rural Medieval Christian Communities at Ghazali, Northern Sudan
Authors: Ciesielska Joanna A. , Stark Robert J. , Obłuski Artur , Boivin Nicole , Lucas Mary , Le Roux Petrus , Roberts Patrick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The archaeological site of Ghazali (northern Sudan) provides a rare opportunity to investigate the dynamics of mixed economies and mobility on the fringes on the Nile valley at the time of Christian expansion in Nubia. Thanks to its particular hydrological conditions, Sudan has a long history of diverse groups pursuing different economic activities, with agricultural communities settled along the fertile Nile valley and various mobile pastoralists groups occupying vast areas of the adjacent deserts. Ghazali represents an early medieval Nubian rural site with an extensive funerary zone. Somewhat removed from the Nile valley, Ghazali extends along the western bank of a large wadi, Wadi Abu Dom, running across the Bayuda desert, dated ca. 7th–13th century CE. Multi-isotopic analysis of human tooth enamel from Cemeteries 1, 3, and 4 was used to explore patterns of mobility among these communities. Ten enamel samples were subjected to 87Sr/86Sr analysis, while 24 individuals were studied for their δ18O values. 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O values were very heterogeneous, suggesting that the Ghazali community, as a whole, benefited from a variety of water sources, perhaps including significant contributions from groundwater wells. We suggest that this adds further support for the reconstruction of a mixed practice of agriculture and animal herding in the neighbouring Bayuda desert. These data add to growing evidence for diverse and flexible mixed economies in eastern Africa that provided food security even under the most challenging of conditions.
Increased Persistence in Winter-to-Spring Precipitation Anomalies over South China since the Late 1990s and the Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Sun Jianqi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study reveals that South China precipitation (SCP) anomalies tend to persist well from winter to the following spring after the late 1990s, favoring long-lasting drought or flood events over South China. Mechanism analysis indicates that the interdecadal changes in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the preceding November central Asian snow cover could contribute to the increased persistence of winter-to-spring SCP anomalies. ENSO has a stable impact on winter SCP, whereas its impact on spring SCP is significantly enhanced after the late 1990s. With a weakened intensity and faster decay rate in the recent two decades, the ENSO-related spring SST anomalies over the tropical Pacific are relatively weaker, inducing a weakened and more southward-located western North Pacific anticyclone. This further leads to an interdecadal migration of the spring rainfall belt anomaly, consequently favoring the persistence of winter-to-spring SCP anomalies after the late 1990s. Additionally, the impacts of November central Asian snow cover on winter and spring SCP are both strengthened after the late 1990s. In the most recent two decades, the snow-cover-related cooling effect has become stronger, which induces winter cyclonic anomalies over Lake Baikal, favoring increased winter SCP. In addition, increased snow cover excites upward-propagating waves from the troposphere to the stratosphere, consequently weakening the stratospheric polar vortex. In spring, the stratospheric polar vortex signals propagate downward and result in a negative Arctic Oscillation in the troposphere, favoring more spring SCP. Therefore, central Asian snow cover is also conductive to the persistence of winter-to-spring SCP anomalies after the late 1990s.
Evaluation of Seasonal Differences among Three NOAA Climate Data Records of Precipitation
Authors: Prat Olivier P. , Nelson Brian R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Three satellite precipitation datasets—CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR, and GPCP—from the NOAA/Climate Data Record program were evaluated in their ability to capture seasonal differences in precipitation for the period 2007–18 over the conterminous United States. Data from the in situ U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) provided reference precipitation measurements and collocated atmospheric conditions (temperature) at the daily scale. Satellite precipitation products’ (SPP) performance with respect to cold season precipitation was compared to warm season and full-year analysis for benchmarking purposes. Considering an ensemble of typical performance metrics including accuracy, false alarm ratio, probability of detection, probability of false detection, and the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) that combines correlation, bias, and variability, we found that the three SPPs displayed better performances during the warm season than during the cold season. Among the three datasets, CMORPH displayed better performance—smaller bias, higher correlation, and a better KGE score—than the two other SPPs on an annual basis and during the warm season. During the cold season, CMORPH showed the worst performance at higher latitudes over areas experiencing recurring snow or frozen and mixed precipitation. CMORPH’s performances were further degraded compared to PERSIANN-CDR and GPCP when considering freezing temperatures (T < 0°C) due to the inability to microwave sensors to retrieve precipitation over snow-covered surface. However, for cold rainfall events detected simultaneously by the satellite and the USCRN stations (i.e., conditional case), CMORPH performance noticeably improved but remained inferior to the two other datasets. The quantification of seasonal precipitation errors and biases for three satellite precipitation datasets presented in this work provides an objective basis for the improvement of rainfall retrieval algorithms of the next generation of satellite precipitation products.
A service evaluation of the use of faecal immunochemical tests in symptomatic patients aged under 50 years presenting to primary care
Authors: Tibbs Rebecca E , Benton Sally C 
Published: July 2023

Background Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) occur in individuals aged over 50 years; however, the incidence in younger age groups is increasing. Diagnosis in younger patients is frequently delayed due to non-specific symptoms and the relative frequency of benign disease. There is a need to identify patients who warrant further investigation for CRC. This study reviewed whether a faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) ≥10 μg Hb/g faeces measured by the faecal immunochemical test for f-Hb (FIT) was associated with CRC in a local primary care population aged under 50 years. Methods f-Hb results from symptomatic patients aged 18–49 years presenting to primary care during a 17-month period were extracted from local laboratory information systems. Colonoscopy lists were obtained from three local trusts. The Somerset Cancer Registry was searched to identify CRCs. f-Hb and outcomes were matched using NHS numbers. Results A total of 3119 patients were included (median age 41 years); 313 of 2682 patients with f-Hb <10 μg/g (11.7%) and 305 of 437 patients with f-Hb ≥10 μg/g (69.8%) underwent colonoscopy. Twelve CRCs were detected. At a cut-off of 10 μg/g, the positivity rate was 14.0%, sensitivity was 100% (75.8–100%), specificity was 86.3% (85.1–87.5%), positive predictive value (PPV) was 2.7% (2.5–3.0%) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%. At a cut-off of 150 μg/g, sensitivity was 83.3% (55.2–95.3%), specificity was 95.2% (94.4–95.9%), PPV was 6.2% (4.7–8.2%) and NPV was 99.9% (99.8–100%). Conclusion Our data supports the use of FIT to triage patients aged under 50 years presenting to primary care with symptoms suggestive of CRCs.
Psychosocial Risk Stratification in Upper Extremity Transplantation Candidates
Authors: Kinsley Sarah E. , Song Shuang , Losina Elena , Talbot Simon G. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Candidate selection for upper extremity transplantation remains an inherently subjective process. This work evaluated the effect that psychosocial factors have on outcomes, both to standardize evaluation of potential candidates and in optimizing these factors prior to transplantation. Our goal was to measure and quantify the risk that various psychosocial factors have on transplant outcomes. Methods: Given that we do not have sufficient post-transplant patients to examine specific factors, we chose to have experts in the field evaluate hypothetical patients based on their experience. We used a Generalized Estimating Equation to estimate and compare surgical candidacy scores using patient scenario vignettes based on the presence or absence of permutations of the following: (1) depression; (2) participation in occupational therapy (OT); (3) expectation of post-transplant function; (4) punctuality; and (5) family support were given to experts in the field. Results: This work suggests there is a decrease in predicted success with increasing numbers of negative factors with participation in OT and realistic expectations of outcomes being most important. An increase in the summarizing risk score from 0 to 1.7 was associated with a decrease in the outcome surgical candidacy score from 8.6 to 5.3, meaning candidates with 2 risk factors would often observe a large drop in surgical candidacy score. Conclusions: Focusing on optimizing psychosocial variables in transplant candidates may help improve hand transplant success.
Treatment considerations in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Mulia Eka Prasetya Budi , Rahman Mahrus A. 
Published: July 2023

Background Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare cyanotic abnormality that accounts for about 1%–3% of congenital heart disease malformations. TAPVC is a condition in which there is no direct connection between all four pulmonary veins and the left atrium but makes abnormal connections to the right atrium or systemic venous system. TAPVC caused a high mortality rate of 80% in the first year of life, and 50% of them die within 3 months after birth without intervention. Objectives The aim of this review is to elucidate the various treatment considerations of TAPVC. Methods A literature search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar using various combinations of keywords related to treatment of TAPVC. The citations from all selected articles were reviewed for additional studies. Results and Conclusion TAPVC intervention, including medical and surgical, is tailored to each type of TAPVC. Catheter-based interventions are frequently used to temporize neonates and provide time to optimize patients medically prior to definite repair. Corrective surgery is required for all patients with this condition. Several latest catheter-based or surgical intervention technique modifications have also been reported.
Medical artificial intelligence ethics: A systematic review of empirical studies
Authors: Tang Lu , Li Jinxu , Fantus Sophia 
Published: July 2023

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming medicine and healthcare. Scholars and practitioners have debated the philosophical, ethical, legal, and regulatory implications of medical AI, and empirical research on stakeholders’ knowledge, attitude, and practices has started to emerge. This study is a systematic review of published empirical studies of medical AI ethics with the goal of mapping the main approaches, findings, and limitations of scholarship to inform future practice considerations. Methods We searched seven databases for published peer-reviewed empirical studies on medical AI ethics and evaluated them in terms of types of technologies studied, geographic locations, stakeholders involved, research methods used, ethical principles studied, and major findings. Findings Thirty-six studies were included (published 2013-2022). They typically belonged to one of the three topics: exploratory studies of stakeholder knowledge and attitude toward medical AI, theory-building studies testing hypotheses regarding factors contributing to stakeholders’ acceptance of medical AI, and studies identifying and correcting bias in medical AI. Interpretation There is a disconnect between high-level ethical principles and guidelines developed by ethicists and empirical research on the topic and a need to embed ethicists in tandem with AI developers, clinicians, patients, and scholars of innovation and technology adoption in studying medical AI ethics.
Inpatient care of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Germany: Nationwide analysis from 2010 to 2021
Authors: Richter Daniel , Bartig Dirk , Tönges Lars , Kümpfel Tania , Schwake Carolin , Gold Ralf , Krogias Christos , Ayzenberg Ilya 
Published: July 2023

Background Despite tremendous development in the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), less is known about the characteristics of hospitalized patients and inpatient care utilization. Objective To investigate the development of inpatient NMOSD case numbers and implemented immunotherapies in the last decade in Germany. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective study using an administrative database of all hospitalized NMOSD patients between 2010 and 2021. We evaluated yearly data on case numbers, demographics, treatment regimens, and seasonal variations of apheresis therapy as a surrogate marker of severe relapse incidence. Results During the observational period case number of inpatients substantially increased (2010: n = 463, 2021: n = 992). The mean age was 48.1 ± 2.5 years (74% females). The pooled yearly rate of plasmapheresis/immunoadsorption was 14% (95% CI [13–15%]), without seasonal variations. Its application peaked in 2013 (18%, 95% CI [15–21%]) with decreasing trend since. Predominant immunotherapy was rituximab (40%, 95% CI [34–45%]), followed by tocilizumab (4%, 95% CI [3–5%]) since 2013 and eculizumab (4%, 95% CI [3–5%]) since 2020. Inpatient mortality ranged between 0% and 1% per year. Conclusions Inpatient case numbers of NMOSD substantially increased during the past decade, probably reflecting improving disease awareness. In parallel with the administration of highly effective therapies rate of apheresis therapies decreased. A stable apheresis rate over the year makes seasonal variations of the steroid-refractive relapses unlikely.