bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health risks associated with the production and usage of charcoal: a systematic review
Authors: Idowu Oladipo S , De Azevedo Liane Beretta , Zohoori Fatemeh Vida , Kanmodi Kehinde , Pak Tannaz 
Published: July 2023

Charcoal production and utilisation are linked to various health issues and occupational hazards. However, to our knowledge, no systematic review has primarily focused on the health implications of charcoal production and its use while distinguishing charcoal from other solid fuels such as wood and coal.ObjectivesThis systematic review presents a synthesis of the evidence on the health risks associated with producing and using charcoal across the world.DesignSystematic review using a systematic narrative synthesis approach.Data sourcesMEDLINE (through Ovid interface), CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS, from inception to 26 February 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPeer-reviewed journal articles reporting empirical findings on the associations between charcoal usage/production and health parameters.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of primary studies.ResultsOur findings showed that charcoal production and usage are linked with specific adverse health outcomes, including respiratory diseases (n=21), cardiorespiratory and neurological diseases (n=1), cancer (n=3), DNA damage (n=3), carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (n=2), physical injury (n=2), sick house syndrome (n=1), unintentional weight loss and body mass index (BMI) reduction (n=2), increase in blood pressure (n=1) and CO death (n=1). Among the included articles that reported respiratory diseases (n=21), there was one case of asthma and tuberculosis and two cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionsThis review links charcoal production/usage and some associated human health risks. These include respiratory diseases and other non-respiratory illnesses such as sick-building syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, DNA damage, CO poisoning and death, unintentional weight loss and BMI reduction, and physical injuries.
Simulation modelling to study the impact of adding comprehensive stroke centres. Can we deliver endovascular thrombectomy sooner?
Authors: Maas Willemijn J , van der Zee Durk-Jouke , Buskens Erik , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , Lahr Maarten MH 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesRegional accessibility and distribution of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) capable facilities, that is, comprehensive stroke centres (CSCs), may significantly influence time to treatment. We analysed the impact of adding CSCs in the north of the Netherlands, a region with roughly 1.7 million inhabitants currently served by one CSC and eight primary stroke centres (PSCs).DesignMonte Carlo simulation modelling was used to establish new CSCs in our region by hypothetically upgrading existing PSCs to CSCs and ensuing adjustments in health services set-up.SettingOne CSC and eight PSCs in the north of the Netherlands.Participants165 patients with acute stroke treated with EVT and underwent interhospital transfer between PSC and CSC (drip and ship patients).Primary and secondary outcomesTime from onset to groin (OTG) puncture and predicted probability of favourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) after 90 days. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty in workflow efficiency of CSCs.ResultsAdding one or two CSCs would reduce the OTG time up to approximately 17 min and increases the predicted probability of favourable outcome by approximately 2%. Sensitivity analyses revealed that ‘slow-acting’ CSCs may reduce OTG by 3–5 min compared with 24–32 min for ‘fast-acting’ CSCs.ConclusionsThis study suggests that adding one or two CSCs in the north of the Netherlands would have modest impact. Improving workflow efficiencies seems to be more potent when aiming to improve existing acute stroke care systems.
Comparing secondary prevention for patients with coronary heart disease and stroke attending Australian general practices: a cross-sectional study using nationwide electronic database
Authors: Yue Jason , Kazi Samia , Nguyen Tu , Chow Clara Kayei 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo compare secondary prevention care for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, exploring particularly the influences due to frequency and regularity of primary care visits.SettingSecondary prevention for patients (≥18 years) in the National Prescription Service administrative electronic health record database collated from 458 Australian general practice sites across all states and territories.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional and panel study. Patient and care-level characteristics were compared for differing CHD/stroke diagnoses. Associations between the type of cardiovascular diagnosis and medication prescription as well as risk factor assessment were examined using multivariable logistic regression.ParticipantsPatients with three or more general practice encounters within 2 years of their latest visit during 2016–2020.Outcome measuresProportions and odds ratios (ORs) for (1) prescription of antihypertensives, antilipidaemics and antiplatelets and (2) assessment of blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with stroke only compared against those with CHD only and those with both conditions.ResultsThere were 111 892 patients with CHD only, 27 863 with stroke only and 9791 with both conditions. Relative to patients with CHD, patients with stroke were underprescribed antihypertensives (70.8% vs 82.8%), antilipidaemics (63.1% vs 78.7%) and antiplatelets (42.2% vs 45.7%). With sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and level of care considered as covariates, the odds of non-prescription of any recommended secondary prevention medications were higher in patients with stroke only (adjusted OR 1.37; 95% CI (1.31, 1.44)) compared with patients with CHD only. Patients with stroke only were also more likely to have neither BP nor LDL-C monitored (adjusted OR 1.26; 95% CI (1.18, 1.34)). Frequent and regular general practitioner encounters were independently associated with the prescription of secondary prevention medications (p<0.001).ConclusionsSecondary prevention management is suboptimal in cardiovascular disease patients and worse post-stroke compared with post-CHD. More frequent and regular primary care encounters were associated with improved secondary prevention.
Ebstein’s anomaly in children and adults: multidisciplinary insights into imaging and therapy
Authors: Pasqualin Giulia , Boccellino Antonio , Chessa Massimo , Ciconte Giuseppe , Marcolin Cecilia , Micaglio Emanuele , Pappone Carlo , Sturla Francesco , Giamberti Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

Although survival has significantly improved in the last four decades, the diagnosis of Ebstein’s anomaly is still associated with a 20-fold increased risk of mortality, which generally drops after neonatal period and increases subtly thereafter. With increasing age of presentation, appropriate timing of intervention is challenged by a wide spectrum of disease and paucity of data on patient-tailored interventional strategies. The present review sought to shed light on the wide grey zone of post-neonatal Ebstein’s manifestations, highlighting current gaps and achievements in knowledge for adequate risk assessment and appropriate therapeutic strategy.A ‘wait-and-see’ approach has been adopted in many circumstances, though its efficacy is now questioned by the awareness that Ebstein’s anomaly is not a benign disease, even when asymptomatic. Moreover, older age at intervention showed a negative impact on post-surgical outcome.In order to tackle the extreme heterogeneity of Ebstein’s anomaly, this review displays the multimodality imaging assessment necessary for a proper anatomical classification and the multidisciplinary approach needed for a comprehensive risk stratification and monitoring strategy. Currently available predictors of clinical outcome are summarised for both operated and unoperated patients, with the aim of supporting the decisional process on the choice of appropriate therapy and optimal timing for intervention.
Exploring the mechanisms responsible for reduced systolic function in high-gradient aortic stenosis
Authors: Liebenberg Jacques , Doubell Anton , Steyn Jan , Herbst Philip 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo characterise the mechanics responsible for the reduced ejection fraction (rEF) in high-gradient severe aortic stenosis (AS).Methods21 patients with high-gradient severe AS (aortic valve area (AVA) <1.0 cm2and mean gradient (MG) >40 mm Hg) were included. They included 9 patients with rEF (EF <50%) and 12 with preserved ejection fraction (pEF) (EF >50%). Valve area and MG were assessed echocardiographically, and myocardial fibrosis was quantified using MRI. Load-independent measures of intrinsic contractility was assessed with pressure-volume haemodynamics.Results80% of the cohort was female, with a mean age of 64 years. Patients were matched for age, sex and body surface area. Load-independent contractile function was similar between the rEF and pEF groups: preload recruitable stroke work slope (101 vs 112 mm Hg; p=0.65), end-systolic pressure-volume relationship slope (1.91 vs 1.28 mmHg/mL; p=0.07) and Starling Contractile Index slope (3.47 vs 7.96 mm Hg/mL/s; p=0.31). End-systolic wall stress and valvuloarterial impedance were higher in cases with rEF (150 vs 83.5 N/cm2; p<0.01 and 4.8 vs 3.4 mm Hg/mL; p=0.05), driven by higher degrees of valvular stenosis (valve area 0.46 vs 0.78 cm2; p<0.01). The rEF group was more symptomatic (New York Heart Association 3.3 vs 2.3; p=0.02), with higher pulmonary pressures (50 vs 30 mm Hg; p=0.04) and more fibrosis (24% vs 13% of left ventricular mass; p=0.03).ConclusionThe pathophysiological problem in patients with high-gradient AS with rEF relates to an excessively increased afterload due to more severe valvular stenosis, with preserved intrinsic contractile function. Myocardial fibrosis in the rEF group did not translate into worse muscle function.
Autologous humanized PDX modeling for immuno-oncology recapitulates features of the human tumor microenvironment
Authors: Chiorazzi Michael , Martinek Jan , Krasnick Bradley , Zheng Yunjiang , Robbins Keenan J , Qu Rihao , Kaufmann Gabriel , Skidmore Zachary , Juric Melani , Henze Laura A , Brösecke Frederic , Adonyi Adam , Zhao Jun , Shan Liang , Sefik Esen , Mudd Jacqueline , Bi Ye , Goedegebuure S Peter , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi , Oyedeji Abimbola , Fertuzinhos Sofia , Garcia-Milian Rolando , Boffa Daniel , Detterbeck Frank , Dhanasopon Andrew , Blasberg Justin , Judson Benjamin , Gettinger Scott , Politi Katerina , Kluger Yuval , Palucka Karolina , Fields Ryan C , Flavell Richard A 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundInteractions between immune and tumor cells are critical to determining cancer progression and response. In addition, preclinical prediction of immune-related drug efficacy is limited by interspecies differences between human and mouse, as well as inter-person germline and somatic variation. To address these gaps, we developed an autologous system that models the tumor microenvironment (TME) from individual patients with solid tumors.MethodWith patient-derived bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), we engrafted a patient’s hematopoietic system in MISTRG6 mice, followed by transfer of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tissue, providing a fully genetically matched model to recapitulate the individual’s TME. We used this system to prospectively study tumor-immune interactions in patients with solid tumor.ResultsAutologous PDX mice generated innate and adaptive immune populations; these cells populated the TME; and tumors from autologously engrafted mice grew larger than tumors from non-engrafted littermate controls. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a prominent vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) signature in TME myeloid cells, and inhibition of human VEGF-A abrogated enhanced growth.ConclusionsHumanization of the interleukin 6 locus in MISTRG6 mice enhances HSPC engraftment, making it feasible to model tumor-immune interactions in an autologous manner from a bedside bone marrow aspirate. The TME from these autologous tumors display hallmarks of the human TME including innate and adaptive immune activation and provide a platform for preclinical drug testing.
Efficacy of PD-(L)1 blockade monotherapy compared with PD-(L)1 blockade plus chemotherapy in first-line PD-L1-positive advanced lung adenocarcinomas: a cohort study
Authors: Elkrief Arielle , Alessi Joao M Victor , Ricciuti Biagio , Brown Samantha , Rizvi Hira , Preeshagul Isabel R , Wang Xinan , Pecci Federica , Di Federico Alessandro , Lamberti Giuseppe , Egger Jacklynn V , Chaft Jamie E , Rudin Charles M , Riely Gregory J , Kris Mark G , Ladanyi Marc , Chen Yuan , Hellmann Matthew D , Shen Ronglai , Awad Mark M , Schoenfeld Adam J 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSingle-agent PD-(L)1 blockade (IO) alone or in combination with chemotherapy (Chemotherapy-IO) is approved first-line therapies in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) with PD-L1 expression ≥1%. These regimens have not been compared prospectively. The primary objective was to compare first-line efficacies of single-agent IO to Chemotherapy-IO in patients with advanced LUADs. Secondary objectives were to explore if clinical, pathological, and genomic features were associated with differential response to Chemotherapy-IO versus IO.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria were patients with advanced LUADs with tumor PD-L1 ≥1% treated with first-line Chemotherapy-IO or IO. To compare the first-line efficacies of single-agent IO to Chemotherapy-IO, we conducted inverse probability weighted Cox proportional hazards models using estimated propensity scores.ResultsThe cohort analyzed included 866 patients. Relative to IO, Chemotherapy-IO was associated with improved objective response rate (ORR) (44% vs 35%, p=0.007) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with tumor PD-L1≥1% (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.97, p=0.021) or PD-L1≥50% (ORR 55% vs 38%, p<0.001; PFS HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.87, p=0.002). Using propensity-adjusted analyses, only never-smokers in the PD-L1≥50% subgroup derived a differential survival benefit from Chemotherapy-IO vs IO (p=0.013). Among patients with very high tumor PD-L1 expression (≥90%), there were no differences in outcome between treatment groups. No genomic factors conferred differential survival benefit to Chemotherapy-IO versus IO.ConclusionsWhile the addition of chemotherapy to PD-(L)1 blockade increases the probability of initial response, never-smokers with tumor PD-L1≥50% comprise the only population identified that derived an apparent survival benefit with treatment intensification.
Mechanical thrombectomy for treatment of acute ischemic stroke in frail patients: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Dabhi Nisha , Kumar Jeyan , Kellogg Ryan T , Park Min S 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe overall safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in frail patients is not well delineated. This systematic review aims to summarize and compare outcomes in frail and non-frail patients who underwent MT for AIS.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science to identify studies with outcomes-related data for frail patients with MT-treated AIS. The recanalization rate, procedural complications, and clinical outcome at 90-day follow-up were collected.ResultsIn the four included studies there were 642 frail patients and 499 non-frail patients. Frail patients had reduced rates of good functional outcomes (29% vs 42%; χ2=22, p<0.01) and increased 90-day mortality (51% vs 25%; χ2=38, p<0.01) compared with non-frail patients.ConclusionMT for treatment of AIS in frail patients may be associated with worse rates of morbidity and mortality along with reduced efficacy. Given that no studies to date directly compare conservative measures with endovascular management for AIS in frail patients, more studies are required to further evaluate and identify characteristics that may improve outcomes in these patients.
Universal lower bound on orbital periods
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is proved, using the curved line element of a spherically symmetric charged object in general relativity and the Schwinger discharge mechanism of quantum field theory, that the orbital periods $$T_{\infty }$$

T
∞

of test particles around central compact objects as measured by flat-space asymptotic observers are fundamentally bounded from below. The lower bound on orbital periods becomes universal (independent of the mass M of the central compact object) in the dimensionless $$ME_{\text {c}}\gg 1$$

M

E
c

≫
1

regime, in which case it can be expressed in terms of the electric charge e and the proper mass $$m_{e}$$

m
e

of the lightest charged particle in nature: $$T_{\infty }>{{2\pi e\hbar }\over {\sqrt{G}c^2 m^2_{e}}}$$

T
∞

>

2
π
e
ħ

G

c
2

m
e
2

(here $$E_{\text {c}}=m^2_{e}/e\hbar $$

E
c

=

m
e
2

/
e
ħ

is the critical electric field for pair production). The explicit dependence of the bound on the fundamental constants of nature $$\{G,c,\hbar \}$$

{
G
,
c
,
ħ
}

suggests that it may reflect a fundamental physical property of the elusive quantum theory of gravity.
Promoting Machine Learning Fairness Education through Active Learning and Reflective Practices
Authors: Elglaly Yasmine N. , Liu Yudong 
Published: July 2023

As Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed significant progress in the last decade and language technologies have gained widespread usage, there is an increasing acknowledgement that the choices made by NLP researchers and practitioners regarding data, methods, and tools carry significant ethical and societal implications. Consequently, there arises a pressing need for integrating ethics education into computer science (CS) curriculum, specifically within NLP and other related machine learning (ML) courses.
In this project, our primary objective was to highlight the importance of fairness in ML ethics. We aimed to raise awareness regarding biases that can exist in machine learning, such as gender bias and disability bias. Acknowledging the intricate nature of the intersection between machine learning, ethics, and bias, we formed a participatory group comprising professors and students to develop the teaching interventions. The group members have experiences in machine learning, accessible computing, or both. It was crucial to include students in the design process of the teaching interventions because we wanted to ensure that fairness is sufficiently covered without being too complex to understand or too subtle to recognize [Tseng et al., 2022].
Georroteiro e website como ferramenta de geocomunicação e divulgação da geodiversidade e do patrimônio cultural da Ponta das Campanhas, sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil
Authors: Ottmann Gabriella Avellar , Florisbal Luana Moreira 
Published: July 2023

A região sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina é definida por uma geomorfologia peculiar, com costões rochosos entrecortados e recobertos por sistemas sedimentares recentes, que delineiam uma geodiversidade não apenas de beleza cênica ímpar, mas também importante do ponto de vista científico e educacional. A Ponta das Campanhas é um geossítio muito visitado por turistas interessados em turismo de natureza e surfe, constitui uma importante região de pesca, incluindo a pesca artesanal, e é um dos pontos de partida de passeios de barco para a Ilha do Campeche. Esta região, foco do presente estudo, constitui uma ilha, e as rochas que delineiam os costões servem de suporte aos serviços ecossistêmicos de vida marinha e de provisão. Os costões são constituídos de rochas vulcânicas piroclásticas de idade neoproterozoica relacionadas à Suíte Cambirela (590 Ma) e seccionadas por diques básicos da Província Magmática Paraná-Etendeka (134 Ma). Com intuito de divulgar a geodiversidade local e o patrimônio cultural da região, foi confeccionado um georroteiro em website, que inclui seis pontos de interesse, contendo locais acessíveis diretamente relacionados ao geossítio, patrimônio cultural e construído. A metodologia de classificação foi realizada com critérios multivalores e também com uso da plataforma Geossit, que permitiu a classificação do geossítio como de relevância nacional. Após o levantamento e tratamento dos dados, estes foram espacializados e disponibilizados em um website em que os interessados encontram informações textuais e gráficas sobre o patrimônio geológico, arqueológico, cultural e construído, bem como mapas e georroteiro.
Low‐Field Portable Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Post‐Thrombectomy Assessment of Ongoing Brain Injury
Authors: Sujijantarat Nanthiya , Koo Andrew B. , Jambor Ivan , Malhotra Ajay , Mazurek Mercy H. , Parasuram Nethra , Yadlapalli Vineetha , Chavva Isha R. , Lalwani Dheeraj , Zabinska Julia , Roy Joanna M. , Antonios Joseph P. , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Renedo Daniela , Hebert Ryan M. , Schindler Joseph L. , Gilmore Emily J. , Sansing Lauren H. , de Havenon Adam , Olexa Madelynne , Schiff Steven J. , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Rosen Matthew , Kimberly William Taylor , Petersen Nils H. , Sheth Kevin N. , Matouk Charles C. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Timely imaging is essential for patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Our objective was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of low‐field portable magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) for bedside evaluation following MT.

Methods
Patients with suspected large‐vessel occlusion undergoing MT were screened for eligibility. All pMRI examinations were conducted in the standard ferromagnetic environment of the interventional radiology suite. Clinical characteristics, procedural details, and pMRI features were collected. Subsequent high‐field conventional MRI within 72±12 hours was analyzed. If a conventional MRI was not available for comparison, computed tomography within the same time frame was used for validation.

Results
Twenty‐four patients were included (63% women; median age, 76 years [interquartile range, 69–84 years]). MT was performed with a median access to revascularization time of 15 minutes (interquartile range, 8–19 minutes), and with a successful outcome as defined by a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of ≥2B in 90% of patients. The median time from the end of the procedure to pMRI was 22 minutes (interquartile range, 16–32 minutes). The median pMRI examination time was 30 minutes (interquartile range, 17–33 minutes). Of 23 patients with available subsequent imaging, 9 had infarct progression compared with immediate post‐MT pMRI and 14 patients did not have progression of their infarct volume. There was no adverse event related to the examination.

Conclusion
Low‐field pMRI is safe and feasible in a post‐MT environment and enables timely identification of ischemic changes in the interventional radiology suite. This approach can facilitate the assessment of baseline infarct burden and may help guide physiological interventions following MT.
Augmented Reality Based on Apollo Lunar Imagery: Searching for Stars and Adding Virtual Objects
Authors: Pustynski Vladislav-Veniamin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Based on photogrammetric models of the first three Apollo landing sites, we have created a method to project virtual objects onto photos taken on the lunar surface. We have applied this method to search for stars in high-resolution scans of Apollo lunar photos and to restore views of the starry sky in some iconic images. Our method can be used to incorporate computer-generated 3D graphics, such as constellation boundaries, and coordinate and contour lines, into lunar images. This research has several applications, including the visualization of digital terrain models, the creation of a virtual planetarium based on lunar photos, and demonstration of object motion in lunar gravity for educational purposes.