bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture Resistance Of Endodontically Treated Premolars With Deep Cervical Lesion Restored With And Without Post In Different Restorations
Authors:   , Suebsawadphatthana Phrohphrim 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fiber posts and different restorations on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars with cervical cavities. Methods: In forty extracted human first maxillary premolars, cervical cavities were prepared simulating cervical lesions and randomly divided into four groups (n=10): COM-NP, endodontically treated teeth (ETT) restored with resin composite without fiber posts; ON-NP, ETT restored with CAD/CAM ceramic onlays without fiber posts; COM-P, ETT restored with resin composite and fiber posts; and CR-P, ETT restored with CAD/CAM ceramic crowns and fiber posts. After the fiber posts and restorations had been cemented with resin cement, all specimens were loaded onto the long axis in a universal testing machine until fracture at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture load (N) and fracture modes were evaluated in all specimens. The mode of failure was determined by visual inspection. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Scheffé’s tests (p<0.05). Results: Fracture load for all groups were (N): COM-NP (933.48±242.53); ON-NP (1871.45±313.59); COM-P (1510.17±251.87); and CR-P (2189.97±600.38). COM-NP had the lowest fracture resistance, significantly different from those of the other groups (p≤0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed among groups (p≤0.05), except in the ON-NP to COM-P and the ON-NP to CR-P groups (p=0.218, p=0.322). All groups showed the non-restorable fracture mode. Conclusion: Cuspal-coverage restorations significantly enhanced the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars with cervical cavities. Placement of fiber posts improved the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth but did not make the failure restorable.
Regulatory change and corporate acquisitions
Authors:   , Rishi Arya 
Published: September 2023

This thesis investigates the impact on foreign investment activities of the equity market liberalization introduced in response to the 1997 crisis, which primarily involves the relaxation of the foreign ownership restrictions as well as improvements in corporate governance practices. These regulatory changes, which occurred in Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand, should have resulted in a lower amount of frictions in the capital market. With this lowering of frictions, we should observe higher gains from cross-border corporate acquisitions in addition to a higher volume of cross-border acquisitions. When I use combined announcement excess returns to measure acquisition gains, I find that merger gains from cross border corporate acquisitions are not significantly higher after the liberalization. Similarly, when I use country-level deal value on a per capita basis to measure merger volume, I find that the volume of cross border acquisitions is not significantly higher after the liberalization.
Mutual Fund Performance and persistence evaluationevidence from Thai local and foreign Luxembourg UCITS
Authors:   , Fourquin Bruno 
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to compare the performance and persistence of equity Mutual Funds between Luxembourg equity UCITS (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) and Thai equity Funds that are investing a minimum of 90% of their total portfolio in Thai equity market during a 5 years period (May 2013- April 2018). The tests are conducted via (i) static or unconditional measures including the Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen ratios; (ii) dynamic or conditional measures using Treynor-Mazuy, K. Shukla and Gregory B. van Inwegen indicators; (iii) control - robustness measures with Brown and Goetzmann, Murthi et al. performance persistence indices. The paper is based on monthly data collected from Morningstar including 20 Luxembourg and 151 Thai open-end invested in Thai equity funds. The results show that, on average, Thai and Luxembourg funds perform equally well; still the most statistically significant difference, between the two countries, appears to be linked to the average Beta, as well as the results of DPEI – DEA Portfolio Efficiency Index robustness test which seems to be in line with Murthi (1997) with the correlation between DPEI and the Sharpe ratio while transaction costs variables appear to be significant with fund performance.
Effect of bitter gourd extracts on the mutagenicity of 1-aminopyrene reacted with nitrite using ames test
Authors:   , Panpasuk Korkiat 
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the mutagenic activity of raw and cooked bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) including raw fruit extract (RW), blanching water (BW), hot water extract from blanched fruit (HB), stir-fried fruit extract (SF), and stir-fried fruit (pre-squeezed with salt) extract (SS). In addition, the effects of extracts in modifying the mutagenic activity of mutagen freshly prepared by the reaction between 1-aminopyrene and sodium nitrite and the effects when adding each extract at the beginning of the same reaction using Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 without enzymatic activation were also determined. The data for mutagenic activity were expressed as a number of histidine revertant colonies/plate and expressed as percentage of modification for mutagenic modification effect. The results showed that all extracts had no direct mutagenic activity either with or without sodium nitrite treatment on both tester strains. The effect of bitter gourd extracts in modifying the mutagenic activity of newly formed mutagen showed that RW had the mutagenic enhancing effect on S. typhimurium strain TA98 (%enhancement = 9.54-147.62). However, there was no mutagenic enhancing effect on S. typhimurium strain TA100 (%enhancement <20%). For cooked bitter gourd extract, it was found that the percentage of mutagenic enhancement of BW (116.12%-338.06% and 74.93%-109.95% for TA98 and TA100, respectively) tended to be higher than that of HB on both stains (42.61%-140.85% and 8.59%-77.29% for TA98 and TA100, respectively). In addition, the similar trend was found from the results of the stir-fried bitter gourd. SS showed lower enhancing effect on the mutagenicity of newly formed mutagen than SF. The results of the effect of bitter gourd extracts added before starting the mutagen forming reaction showed that all extracts exhibited enhancing effects on S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. In addition, the percentage of mutagenic enhancement of BW (74.21%-348.69% and 13.10%-74.97% for TA98 and TA100, respectively) showed a higher trend than that of HB on both strains of S. typhimurium (37.19%-57.46% and 3.54%-34.66% for TA98 and TA100, respectively). SS showed lower values of the percentage of mutagenic enhancement when comparing with SF on S. typhimurium strain TA98. However, when tested with S. typhimurium strain TA100, it was found that the results were different. These values obtained from SS (19.06%-88.48%) tend to be higher than that of SF (2.90%-57.09%). The present study provides the information that raw and cooked bitter gourd are safe for consumption in consideration of mutagenicity. In the case of cooking, the fruit should be pretreatment first. These pretreatment methods such as blanching before boiling or squeezing with salt before stir frying not only reduce the bitter taste of this fruit, but may also reduce the risk of promoting mutagenic effects of some mutagens that may be contaminated in food.
Molecular Epidemiology And Characterization Of Rotavirus Group A, Group C And Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Pigs With Gastroenteritis Among The Commercial Swine Farms In Thailand, 2011-2016
Authors:   , Tuanthap Supansa 
Published: September 2023

The most frequent viruses associated with pig gastroenteritis have been previously reported as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and rotavirus (RV). Rotavirus is an important cause of diarrhea in piglets and pigs worldwide, and group A (RVA) and group C (RVC) are mostly affected. In Thailand, studies on RVA and PEDV have been reported periodically, whereas information on RVC is still limited. In this study, 769 samples (fecal and intestinal content) from pigs with diarrhea were collected from pig herds located in difference provinces throughout Thailand between 2011 and 2016. The specimens were tested using virus-specific RT-PCR to detect the gene encoding capsid protein VP7 and VP4 for RVC, complete 11 gene segments of RVA and S, ORF3, N genes for PEDV. Sequencing analyses showed that 6.6% (51/769) of samples were positive for RVC, 9.5% (73/769) for RVA and 19.9% (153/769) for PEDV. Co-infections of RVA/RVC accounted for 21.6% (11/51) of samples and of PEDV/RVC for 7.8% (4/51) of samples, while only three samples (3/51) or 5.8% tested positive for all three viruses. RV was detected in piglets up to 8 weeks old, while PEDV was often demonstrated from newborn up to 4 weeks of age. Infection severities were not associated with seasonality, since the virus was detected throughout the year. From our study, the G9 and P[13] as the dominant genotypes for RVA, while predominant genotypes of RVC were G1 and P[5]. Furthermore, genome constellation of the Thai RVA strains showed the predominance of Wa-like genotype with significant of reassortment between the porcine and human RVA strains. Comparison of 95 PEDV-positive samples indicated those Thai strains had close genetic relationship and resembled to previously identified PEDV from Thailand and China. Interestingly, eight Thai PEDV strains possessed the amino acid deletions in the N protein. Our findings provide substaintial information in regional rotavirus and PEDV strains in field circulations and may assist inclusions of suitable strains for future vaccine development.
Evaluation of wax deposition prevention for crude oil production from Mae Soon oil field
Authors:   , Min Htet 
Published: September 2023

Waxy crude oils are normally found in petroleum reservoirs. Crude oil with the wax formation is one of the crucial problems for flow assurance of pipeline transportation in oil and gas production. This issue can commonly cause wax deposition problem and it has made a huge amount of economic losses such as production, time and maintenance cost. Therefore, it is a critical aspect to deal with wax deposition for crude oil flow assurance, especially at the surface region in cold climate. In this study, n-heptane and poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecane) or MA as the inhibitors with different concentrations will be measured the effect on pour point, wax appearance temperature and wax deposition of Mae Soon crude oil and investigated the effects of parameters such as temperature, concentration and types of inhibitors for these aspects.

N-heptane plays a key role in the reduction of pour point, wax appearance temperature and wax deposition of this study. It is also found that the amount of total wax deposits decreases when this chemical concentration increases. Consequently, an increasing concentration provides a better performance for inhibition of wax deposition problems. On the other hand, MA also shows the results for the reduction of wax appearance temperature and wax deposition of Mae soon crude oil. According to the results, it offers low performance for pour point reduction because it cannot be soluble well in the higher wax content of crude oil. After each individual inhibitor are measured for the reduction of pour point, wax appearance temperature and wax deposition, the mixtures of n-heptane and MA are investigated to have better results for wax deposition prevention. It is found that 10% n-heptane and 5000 ppm MA provides the optimal condition for wax deposition prevention based on this study because it can show low wax deposition with less amount of chemical consumption. The results can be used as fundamental data and the investigation can expand into combination with another type of inhibitors.
Politics of changes in Thailand's university admission policy (1999-2017)
Authors:   , Kitcharern Nitchapat 
Published: September 2023

This research aims to study a significant phenomenon, the changes in Thailand’s University Admission system between 1999 and 2017. During this period, the admission system was changed six times. This research focuses on the political factors that led to the changes in admission policy, particularly the relationships among politicians, bureaucracy, schools, civil society and students.

The purpose of this research is threefold: (1) to understand the causes and procedures of changes in Thailand’s university admission policy, (2) to study and understand the correlation between politics and changes in university admission system, and (3) to understand the impact these changes had on students.

The research findings indicated that in the process of Thailand’s University Admission policy formation from 1999 – 2017, the Council of the University Presidents of Thailand was the dominant policy maker. Bureaucracy, the political sector and the social sector had a minimal role in the policy making process. The Council of the University Presidents of Thailand has consistently monopolized the admission system. The Council is a group of executives from elite universities in Thailand. The study found that changes in the university admission policy also affected educational opportunities. Every change in the admission policy makes the education system more complex. Although the complex system affects every student, the middle class and elite are able to deal with the process more easily than students with added socio-economic costs. The university admission system in Thailand is another example of social exclusion. The education policy should create more opportunities and options for young people, however the university admission policy in Thailand is more so a system to helps elite universities equalize the number of students due to the oversupply of seats in universities.
The Role of HPV16 E1 in Cervical Carcinogenesis
Authors:   , Baedyananda Fern 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the expression profile of HPV-16 E1 in cervical samples and the role of E1 in cervical carcinogenesis. In addition, this work also aimed to determine whether the HPV-16 E1 63bp duplication is present in the Thai population.

Methods: One-hundred and twenty-four HPV16 positive cervical samples ranging from normal, CIN1, CIN2/3, and SCC lesions were studied. E1 mRNA expression was determined by ddPCR. Methylation of promoters p97 and p670 was quantified by pyrosequencing, while PCR and sequencing were used to determine the physical state and variations of HPV16 E1 genome. HEK 293T cells were transfected with pEGFP-C1 containing HPV16 E1. Cell proliferation of transfected cells was measured using cell viability count and cell metabolism assay. Apoptosis and necrosis was determined in transfected cells treated with or without QVD-OPH (pan-caspase inhibitor) by Annexin V and propidium iodide staining and quantitated using flow cytometry. RNA expression Microarray analysis was performed on FACS sorted HPV16 transfected cells. RNA expression was confirmed by Real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR. Plasmid containing pEGFP-C1 was used as a vector control throughout the experiments.

Results: Increased E1mRNA expression related to disease progression (normal 0.18, CIN 1 0.41, CIN 2/3 0.65 and SCC 0.79) was demonstrated with significant positive correlation (r = 0.661, p =0.019). No association between physical state and E1 expression was found. Methylation of p97and p670 promoters showed significant elevation in SCC compared to normal samples. Only 4.2% showed genomic variations of HPV16 E1 63 bp duplication. HPV16 E1 transfected HEK293T cells showed a significant decrease in number of viable cells and cell proliferation 24 h post-transfection (p < 0.0001). HPV16 E1 significantly induced both apoptotic and necrotic cell death 48 h post-transfection. Treatment of HPV16 E1 transfected cells with QVD-OPH showed a decreasing trend without statistical significance. Microarray and real-time RT PCR results revealed that E1 dysregulated genes involved in protein synthesis (RPL36A), metabolism (ALDOC), cell proliferation (CREB5, HIF 1A, JMJD1C, FOXO3, NFKB1, PIK3CA, TSC22D3), DNA damage (ATR, BRCA1 and CHEK1), and immune response (ISG20) pathways. Kinetic host gene expression in HPV16 E1 transfected cells indicated that most genes were downregulated after 48 h post-transfection.

Conclusion: Detection of E1 mRNA and p97 methylation were beneficial as cancer prognostic markers. The presence of 63 bp duplication in HPV16 E1 was observed in the Thai population and related to low grade lesions. The presence of HPV16 E1 protein alone was able to dysregulate many cellular pathways in a time dependent manner. Notable genes disrupted by HPV16 E1 included genes involved in cell proliferation and host DNA damage response. This study suggests that E1 may play a role in cancer development however HPV16 E1 transfection experiments did not provide a definite carcinogenic pathway which warrants further studies.
Significant coronary artery stenosis assessment: diagnostic accuracy of quantitative 4D-MSPECT stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors:   , Taerakul Tarit 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of quantitative assessment of radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in indicating significant coronary artery stenosis.
METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty patients with suspicion of coronary artery disease were retrospectively identified. All of them had undergone cardiac catheterization within the 6-month period after having one-day pharmacologic stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion scan. Important parameters were analyzed including myocardial perfusion, wall motion, wall thickening severity scores of 3 coronary artery territories and left ventricular ejection fraction values. These parameters were subsequently compared with the results of gold standard cardiac catheterization.
RESULTS: Binary logistic regression analysis found that patients who had significant coronary artery stenosis had significantly higher value in all quantitative parameters (mean severity scores in myocardial perfusion, wall motion, wall thickening and left ventricular ejection fraction values in almost all 3 coronary artery territories) than those of the non-significant group (p-value <0.05) except wall motion severity score of the left circumflex artery. Similarly, higher perfusion severity scores had a greater probability of significant coronary artery stenosis in all 3 coronary arteries
CONCLUSION: Quantitative parameters obtained from stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging can indicate significant coronary artery stenosis in all 3 main coronary arteries on a level comparable with that of cardiac catheterization, which is the gold standard method. Higher perfusion severity scores indicated a greater probability of significant coronary artery stenosis.
Steady-state determination of continuous powder mixing by near infrared spectroscopy as process analytical technology
Authors:   , Wongves Katesaraporn 
Published: September 2023

Powder mixing is one of an important unit operation in pharmaceutical manufacturing of solid dosage forms. Continuous mixing was developed as an alternative method to reduce disadvantages of traditional batch mixing processes. This process was originally developed using horizontal cylindrical mixer equipped with Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools for real-time monitoring. In the present study, a vertical cylindrical mixer was developed and evaluated. Near Infrared (NIR) spectra obtained by monitoring the mixing process were pretreated with Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), second derivative treatment and Norris-William smoothing in the 6800 - 8700 cm-1 range before a calibration model using PLS was developed using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) as a primary method. Concentrations of mixtures in steady-state and mixing phases were identified after changing impeller alignments (aligned and opposite) and distances between impellers (0.5 and 1.0 inch). Blend quality was found to be affected by both the impeller alignment and impeller distance. Steady-state phases, onset time, mixing performance, measurement robustness and accuracy of final mixture concentrations were evaluated. It was found that aligned impeller with 0.5-inch distance shows the best mixing set-up leading to higher mixture homogeneity. However, onset time to reach steady-state was compromised.
Coping with drug abuse in Shan State
Authors:   , Thiri Thiri 
Published: September 2023

As we look around the study area, especially in the mountain areas and control over the ethnic armed groups areas, it is not hard to see the drug users and the other chemical substances selling and opium cultivation in the mountain areas. According to the drug dependents the opium cultivation can earn more money and easier than the other crops. As Lashio situated on the China- Myanmar Border Highway Road, China is the main producer of the chemical substances and importer to Myanmar. Because of the geographical situation, the study area is abundant in drug substances and chemical tablets. Heroin and amphetamine are the most popular moreover the number of drug dependents increasing according to the conversations and surrounding justice.

This research also examines what is happening in actuality concerning on drug abuse regarding with the instability of political situations in Myanmar. Furthermore, this research analyses some beliefs and myths of drug use in local community, the weakness of knowledge (their practices), education level and the other internal factors which is called social factors influenced the causes of drug abuse. In the study area, it is not hard to find out the drug addicted person not only adult but also teenager in everywhere the meaning of drug use and why they became addicted to drug substances are also included. One of the key priorities of this research include how the Narcotic Drug Control policy 2018 is working during 1 year in actuality and the perceptions change under the mechanism of the new policy also discussed.

The analysis of this field research concluded with the findings according to the conversations with 6 drug dependents who registered at the methadone clinic and 2 key informants with health provider and community leader using qualitative method design, consisting of in- depth interviews. This research showing greater focus on the causes of drug addiction, the role of drugs on drug dependents, moreover as the drug abuse is the trigger problems in Myanmar not only the community but also the government have to participate in harm reduction and demand reduction processes under the mechanism of the new policy to change the perceptions of the local people.