bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why “Solar Tsunamis” Rarely Leave Their Imprints in the Chromosphere
Authors: Zheng Ruisheng , Liu Yihan , Liu Wenlong , Wang Bing , Hou Zhenyong , Feng Shiwei , Kong Xiangliang , Huang Zhenghua , Song Hongqiang , Tian Hui , Chen Pengfei , Erdélyi Robertus , Chen Yao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Solar coronal waves frequently appear as bright disturbances that propagate globally from the eruption center in the solar atmosphere, just like the tsunamis in the ocean on Earth. Theoretically, coronal waves can sweep over the underlying chromosphere and leave an imprint in the form of Moreton wave, due to the enhanced pressure beneath their coronal wave front. Despite the frequent observations of coronal waves, their counterparts in the chromosphere are rarely detected. Why the chromosphere rarely bears the imprints of solar tsunamis remained a mystery since their discovery three decades ago. To resolve this question, all coronal waves and associated Moreton waves in the last decade have been initially surveyed, though the detection of Moreton waves could be hampered by utilizing the low-quality Hα data from the Global Oscillations Network Group. Here, we present eight cases (including five in the Appendix) of the coexistence of coronal and Moreton waves in inclined eruptions where it is argued that the extreme inclination is key to providing an answer to address the question. For all these events, the lowest part of the coronal wave front near the solar surface appears very bright, and the simultaneous disturbances in the solar transition region and the chromosphere predominantly occur beneath the bright segment. Therefore, evidenced by observations, we propose a scenario for the excitation mechanism of the coronal-Moreton waves in highly inclined eruptions, in which the lowest part of a coronal wave can effectively disturb the chromosphere even for a weak (e.g., B-class) solar flare.
Tree species preference and impact on native species community by the bark beetle Ips amitinus in a recently invaded region
Authors: Cocos Dragos , Klapwijk Maartje J. , Schroeder Martin 
Published: May 2023

Non-native bark beetle species represent a major threat to forest ecosystems. The bark beetle Ips amitinus has recently expanded its range from Finland into northern Sweden. In the present study, we asked the following questions: (i) What is the distribution status in Sweden? (ii) Is there a difference in preference and reproductive success between Norway spruce and Scots pine? (iii) How common is the species after range expansion and does it influence the native community of bark- and wood-boring beetle species?
We established the presence of I. amitinus and co-existence with the native community through checks of logging residues at 382 localities in northern Sweden. In addition, attack densities and reproductive success were compared between spruce and pine through investigating field material and by a no-choice rearing experiment.
We found that I. amitinus is distributed over large parts of northern Sweden. Within its distribution area, it was found in 58% of all checked localities. It is one of the most common bark beetle species in logging residues and a higher proportion of Norway spruce objects compared to Scots pine were colonised. Attack density and reproductive success were higher in Norway spruce in field material and in the rearing experiment. There was no significant difference in the number of native bark- and wood-boring beetle taxa between localities where I. amitinus was present or absent.
Conditions of emergence of the Sooty Bark Disease and aerobiology of Cryptostroma corticale in Europe
Authors: Muller Elodie , Dvořák Miloň , Marçais Benoit , Caeiro Elsa , Clot Bernard , Desprez-Loustau Marie-Laure , Gedda Björn , Lundén Karl , Migliorini Duccio , Oliver Gilles , Ramos Ana Paula , Rigling Daniel , Rybníček Ondřej , Santini Alberto , Schneider Salome , Stenlid Jan , Tedeschini Emma , Aguayo Jaime , Gomez-Gallego Mireia 
Published: May 2023

The sooty bark disease (SBD) is an emerging disease affecting sycamore maple trees (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Europe. Cryptostroma corticale, the causal agent, putatively native to eastern North America, can be also pathogenic for humans causing pneumonitis. It was first detected in 1945 in Europe, with markedly increasing reports since 2000. Pathogen development appears to be linked to heat waves and drought episodes. Here, we analyse the conditions of the SBD emergence in Europe based on a three-decadal time-series data set. We also assess the suitability of aerobiological samples using a species-specific quantitative PCR assay to inform the epidemiology of C. corticale, through a regional study in France comparing two-year aerobiological and epidemiological data, and a continental study including 12 air samplers from six countries (Czechia, France, Italy, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland).
We found that an accumulated water deficit in spring and summer lower than -132 mm correlates with SBD outbreaks. Our results suggest that C. corticale is an efficient airborne pathogen which can disperse its conidia as far as 310 km from the site of the closest disease outbreak. Aerobiology of C. corticale followed the SBD distribution in Europe. Pathogen detection was high in countries within the host native area and with longer disease presence, such as France, Switzerland and Czech Republic, and sporadic in Italy, where the pathogen was reported just once. The pathogen was absent in samples from Portugal and Sweden, where the disease has not been reported yet. We conclude that aerobiological surveillance can inform the spatial distribution of the SBD, and contribute to early detection in pathogen-free countries.
Les maîtres du code
Authors: Pistor Katharina , Chalier Jonathan , Fœssel Michaël 
Published: May 2023

Le codage juridique d’un nombre croissant d’actifs par les avocats d’affaires crée du capital et donc des inégalités. De plus, il sape le pouvoir des États, qui abdiquent une part de leur souveraineté juridique et monétaire. Est-il possible de reprendre le contrôle du droit ?
Similar yet so different: The analysis of factors explaining the variance in COVID-19 deaths across the Baltic and Nordic states
Authors: Romanov Bogdan 
Published: May 2023

Malgré le fait que la communauté mondiale vit avec la maladie COVID-19 depuis plus de deux ans, les États baltes et nordiques à la pointe de la technologie sont négligés, tant au sens théorique qu’empirique. De plus, ces régions voisines présentent une variation significative du nombre total de décès causés par le coronavirus. Une valeur plus élevée d’un nombre total de décès dans les États baltes s’explique par le nombre plus élevé de cas de COVID-19, une valeur relativement plus faible du PIB par habitant, une proportion plus élevée de citoyens âgés et ce qui pourrait être le facteur le plus important - la confiance inférieur des citoyens dans le gouvernement national. La conclusion générale est que l’efficacité des politiques de lutte contre les coronavirus est minée par l’absence de confiance dans le processus décisionnel du gouvernement.
A Comparison of Conventional Pap Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Patel* Nirali , Bavikar Rupali , Buch Archana , Kulkarni Mayuri , Dharwadkar Arpana , Viswanathan Vidya 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Early diagnosis and treatment of preinvasive lesions have made cervical cytology one of the most effective methods of cancer screening in industrialized nations, which have seen a sharp decline in the incidence and death of invasive cancer. The aim of this study is to compare liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional Pap on cervical smears.

Materials and Methods:
From July 2018 to June 2022, 600 patients were included in this cross-sectional study, which was done at the Pathology Department of a Tertiary Care Facility in Western Maharashtra.

Results:
Of the 600 patients, 570 (95%) had good conventional Pap smear (CPS), whereas 30 (5%) had poor ones. Five hundred and ninety-two (98.6%) LBC smears were satisfactory, whereas 8 (1.4%) were unsatisfactory. Endocervical cells were seen in 294 (49%) CPS, whereas 360 (60%) LBC smears showed endocervical cells. The morphology of inflammatory cells was similar in both techniques. Hemorrhagic background was seen in 212 (35%) CPS and 76 (12.6%) LBC smears. Only two samples showed diathetic background, which was seen on both CPS and smear. Out of the satisfactory smears in the case of CPS, 512 (85%) cases were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), whereas 58 (9.7%) cases were reported as epithelial cell abnormality. In LBC smears, 526 (87.3%) were reported as NILM, whereas 66 (11%) were reported as epithelial cell abnormality. Organisms were detected in 208 (34%) CPS and 162 (27%) LBC smears. Screening time was 5 ± 1 min for CPS, whereas it was 3 ± 1 min for LBC smear.

Conclusion:
Mortality will be decreased using LBC on a bigger scale in nations where many smears can be made and screened in a short amount of time, with the provision of doing human papillomavirus-based testing on the remaining sample.
Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in alcoholic beverages consumed in Awka, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nwalieji Okafor Vincent , Omeodisemi Omokpariola Daniel , Onyema Agu Matthew , Chibuzor Odidika Collins , Valerine Okabekwa Chiamaka , Chiamaka Ogbuo Lilian , Cynthia Chizoba Obiatuegwu Mary 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT. The aim of this investigation was to assess the presence of 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene with symbols Nap, Ace, Ane, Flu, Ant, Phe, Flt, BaA, Pyr, Chr, BbF, BkF, BaP, DahA, BghiP and InP, respectively) in alcoholic beverages consumed in Awka, Southeast Nigeria. The samples used were sourced from international, national, and local-based alcoholic beverages sold in Nigeria, which were analysed for the 16 priority PAHs components using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) in order to quantify and offer advice to the public on the health implications of consuming these alcoholic beverages. The results show the absence of all the PAHs in all the alcoholic beverages, which could be due to lower temperature and shorter production duration utilized in the production process. This is because during the intense heating of raw materials or additives, PAHs are released. Therefore, the consumption of these alcoholic beverages is safe for consumers and poses no health risk that is detrimental to adults or children. As such, further research into other micropollutants and toxins is advocated to maintain current good manufacturing practices for quality.
KEY WORDS: Alcoholic beverages, Food analysis, Public health, PAHs, GC-FID, Southeast Nigeria

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(4), 805-815.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i4.1
Novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine and pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives: Design, synthesis, and structure elucidation
Authors: M.H. Hilmy Khaled , N.M. Kishk Fawzya , B.A. Shahen Esmat , A. Hawata Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT. A cyclo condensation reaction is an effective method for a two-component reaction of 2-amino-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile 3a-c and active methylene compounds in acetic acid and catalytic hydrochloric acid to produce new substituted 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine 4a-c, 5a-c, and 6a-c have been established. Additionally, a new series of substituted 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 7a-c and 8a-c could be synthesized utilizing a feasible and efficient approach, including urea and thiourea substrates. Spectroscopic data IR, MS, 1H, and 13C NMR, as well as elemental analyses, elucidated these compounds' structures.

KEY WORDS: 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine, 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, Active methylene compounds

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(4), 983-992.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i4.14
Growth, characterization and chemical computations of guanidinium trichloroacetate (GTCA) single crystal – DFT approach
Authors: Sreedevi R. , S.I. Joy Sinthiya A. , Joselin Beaula T. , Balu T. , Murugakoothan P. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT. Nonlinear optical (NLO) active guanidinium trichloroacetate (GTCA) crystal was synthesised and grown by using slow evaporation solution growth technique from mixed solvent. The grown crystal was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of GTCA was recorded and the frequency assignments of various functional groups were compared with theoretical values. Mechanical strength of the grown crystal was studied using Vickers micro hardness tester. Thermal stability was studied using TG/DTA analyser. UV-Vis-NIR spectrum was recorded and the band gap energy was calculated. Geometry optimizations, first order hyperpolarizability, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, global reactive constants, thermodynamic properties, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and charge population were computed using B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) basis set and DFT method and analysed.

KEY WORDS: PXRD, FTIR, TG-DTA, DFT, NBO, Charge population

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(4), 1033-1045.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i4.18
Synthesis and characterization of quercetin-layer double hydroxide (LDH) nanohybrid and their enhanced antioxidant activity
Authors: Christabel Shaji Y. , DeenaRose D. , Ramesh Kannan C. , Aruna M. , Brucely Y. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT. This research included the synthesis of pristine nitrate-type Zn2Al-LDH by means of Co-precipitation, which was then followed by hydrothermal treatment. Ion exchange is used to stabilize the produced pristine LDH nano layer, which is used for the encapsulation of bioactive molecules. Quercetin, which has an antioxidant function, is used. XRD was used to investigate the newly synthesized quercetin-LDH (QC-LDH) compound. Quercetin was discovered to be entirely deprotonated as a result of XRD research, and it was also shown to be stabilized in between LDH lattices as a result of electrostatic contact. On the basis of the diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, the anti-oxidant property was discussed, and it was discovered that the quercetin that was free from the LDH layer helped as an owing antioxidant to scavenge DPPH radicals in ethanol solvent at concentrations ranging from 80-100%, depending on the concentration level. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the incorporation of quercetin into the interlayer led to an expansion of the interlayer arrangement to 0.88 and 1.46 nm, respectively. According to the findings of a variety of characterization techniques, the QC-LDH may be regarded as a good antioxidant material with potential drug delivery system.

KEY WORDS: Layer double hydroxide, Antioxidant activity, Quercetin, Biocompatibility

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(4), 917-929.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i4.9
Effect of placental location on intra-uterine growth restriction and gestational hypertension
Authors: Archibong Efanga Samuel , Olusijibomi Akintomide Akintunde , Omini Paulinus Samson , Asuquo Okon Okon 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between uterine placental location and fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study done in the Department of Radiology of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, within a 4-month period. The study involved a total of 100 singleton pregnant women between 20 to 40 weeks of gestation who were aged 20 to 39 years. Analysis of the data was done using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 Inc. Chicago, IL.
RESULTS: The frequency distribution of the placental locations were: anterior – 35%, postero-fundal – 36%, antero-fundal – 18% and posterior – 11%. The highest mean head circumference to abdominal circumference ratio (HC/AC) was seen in subjects with posterior placental location (1.03 ± 0.09), lowest mean estimated fetal weight (EFW) was seen in subjects with antero-fundal placental location (1.87 ± 0.92 kg) while the highest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were seen in subjects with postero-fundal placental location (113.89 ± 10.50 mmHg and 66.61 ± 7.07 mmHg) respectively. The lowest mean HC/AC was noted in subjects with anterior placental location (1.01 ± 0.08), the highest EFW was noted in subjects with postero-fundal placental location (2.26 ± 1.03 kg) while the lowest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noted in subjects with posterior placental location (109.09 ± 5.39 mmHg and 61.82 ± 4.05 mmHg) respectively. There was no significant correlation between placental location and HC/AC, EFW, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.744, p = 0.567, p = 0.671, p = 0.936) respectively.
CONCLUSION: Placental location in the uterus has no relationship with intrauterine growth restriction and the development of gestational hypertension in the second half of singleton pregnancies.
Biochemical characterization of a purified arginase from the gut of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae
Authors: Famakinwa O. , Itakorode B. O. , Adedeji O. S. , Okonji R.E. 
Published: May 2023

Arginase acts as a mediator in the final phase of the urea cycle, protecting against excessive ammonia under homeostatic conditions by producing L-ornithine and urea. In this study, the physicochemical properties of Oryctes rhinoceros Larva arginase were investigated for biochemical comparison with its well-studied terrestrial mammalian. Oryctes rhinoceros larva arginase was isolated and purified to homogeneity. The purification procedure involved ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and affinity chromatography on reactive Blue 2-agarose. The pure enzyme had a specific activity of 38.7 U/mg, a purification fold of 63.4, and a percentage yield of 16.5%. O. rhinoceros gut arginase had a native and subunit molecular weight of 82 and 45 kDa, respectively and the Km and Vmax were 11.25 mM and 13.055 μmmol/min/mL, respectively. The activity was optimum at 60 °C m max (pH 8). The enzyme retained more than 60% of its activity at 50 °C for 60 min. The inhibition study on the enzyme showed that cations salts (CaCl2 , BaCl2 , HgCl2 , and SnCl2 ) enhanced the enzyme activity at 1 mM concentration except for SnCl2 . EDTA, a chelating compound, strongly inhibited the activity of the enzyme. The 2 effect of different amino acids on activity showed that L-valine, L-serine, L- aspartic acid, and L-glutamic acid had a moderate inhibitory (60%, 63%, 65.4%, 69.1%, respectively) effect on the enzyme activity. The study concluded that there were similarities between O. rhinoceros larva arginase and those of other ureotelic animals in terms of kinetics and physicochemical properties.
Integral representations of the generating function of the Riemann zeta function of integer arguments
Authors: Adegoke K. , Olatinwo A. 
Published: May 2023

In this article we give new integral representations for the ordinary generating functions of ζ(2n), nζ(2n+1) and ζ(2n+1) for n∈ Z*, n≥1; where ζ(j) is the Riemann zeta function. We also give closed form expressionsfor the generating functions.
Evaluation of two different orally disintegrating tablet formulations containing flurbiprofen inclusion complex and its solid dispersion
Authors: Özyılmaz Emine Dilek , Comoglu Tansel 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To prepare orally dispersible tablet formulations (ODTs) by increasing the solubility of flurbiprofen (FB), which has low water solubility.
Methods: The ODTs were prepared using direct compression method the inclusion complexes and solid dispersions with the highest solubility were further evaluated. Flurbiprofen, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solid dispersions were blended together by solvent evaporation method, while the inclusion complexes were co-formulated with beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) by kneading at three different ratios. The ODTs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and for their micromeritic properties. In addition, the solubility properties of the inclusion complexes and solid dispersions in distilled water were compared with the solubility of flurbiprofen.
Results: The highest solubility value of PVP-FB solid dispersions was found at 1:6 (0.501 mg/mL) and for FB β-CD inclusion complex at 1:2 (0.701 mg/mL). Angle of repose ranged from 28.09 – 32.15 (o); Carr’s index from 7.59 to 10.01; and Hausner’s ration from 1.05 – 1.15. DSC and spectral studies indicate that FB did not chemically interact with either PVP or β-CD.
Conclusion: Orally dispersible tablets containing flurbiprofen β-CD complex exhibit significantly higher bioavailability than the drug alone due to its increased solubility.
Effect of lncRNA pvt1 on HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells, and its possible mechanism of action
Authors: Lai Xijie , Gao Guosheng , Jiang Xiunong , Xie Jing 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate the influence of lncRNA pvt1 on hepatitis B virus replication in HepG2.2.15 cells and the underlying mechanism of action.
Methods: Concentrations of lncRNA pvt1 in HBV-positive liver cancer cell lines (HepAD38+, HepG2.2.15+, HepG2+, and HepaRG+), and 3 HBV-negative liver cancer cell lines were determined and compared. Differences in HBV DNA content, levels of HBsAg and HBeAg, and STAT3 axis signal pathway among groups were evaluated.
Results: LncRNA pvt1 levels in HBV-positive hepatoma cells were significantly higher than the corresponding expression levels in HBV-negative hepatoma cells. after si-pvt1 treatment in HepG2.2.15 cells, the 3.2K HBV DNA content increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 cells also significantly increased. In all groups, STAT3 protein level was comparable, but p-STAT3 protein expression in si-pvt1 group was significantly reduced, relative to those in Si NC and control groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Levels of lncRNA pvt1 expression in HBV-positive and HBV-negative hepatoma cells differ significantly. Treatment with si-pvt1 decrease HBV DNA content in HepG2.2.15 cells through a mechanism that relates to the STAT3 axis signal pathway. This finding may be beneficial for follow-up treatment of HBV.