bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling ambivalence in the context of nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Gray Nicole , Uren Hannah , Pemberton Ethan , Boyes Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify profiles of ambivalence among individuals with a history of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and tested whether profiles differed across various theoretically informed constructs: NSSI‐related characteristics, cognitive (outcome expectancies, self‐efficacy to resist NSSI), emotional (psychological distress, difficulties in emotion regulation), personality, and incentives to engage/not engage in NSSI.MethodsIndividuals with a lifetime history of NSSI (n = 224) reported the extent to which they wanted to and did not want to engage in NSSI and completed well‐validated measures of the constructs of interest.ResultsLatent profile analysis indicated four ambivalence profiles (avoid: n = 39; moderately ambivalent: n = 85; highly ambivalent: n = 30; approach: n = 70). The profiles differed across a number of NSSI‐related characteristics, cognitive, emotional, and incentive‐related variables. Differences between the ambivalence profiles and the avoid/approach profiles varied across constructs. For example, the ambivalence and approach profiles were similar for NSSI‐related outcome expectancies, but the ambivalence and avoidance profiles were similar for self‐efficacy to resist NSSI.ConclusionFindings highlight variation between the desire to engage or not engage in NSSI that are consistent with the notion of ambivalence. Understanding these differences may allow for a more person‐centered approach in treatment for NSSI.
A randomized controlled trial of enhanced mentoring program practices for children of incarcerated caregivers: Assessing impacts on youth and match outcomes
Authors: Stelter Rebecca L. , Stump Kathryn N. , Rhodes Jean E. , Kupersmidt Janis B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParental incarceration is an adverse childhood experience that is associated with heightened risk for negative outcomes in youth. Mentoring programs seek to mitigate this risk by providing children of incarcerated parents (COIP) with a supportive relationship that fosters positive outcomes. The current study presents findings from a longitudinal evaluation of enhanced mentoring program practices designed for supporting COIP. One thousand three hundred and thirty‐four COIP mentees, their parents or guardians, and their mentors were randomly assigned to receive either enhanced or business as usual (BAU) mentoring. Mentees who received enhanced mentoring demonstrated improved positive self‐cognitions, and reduced internalizing behavior problems, intentions to use substances, and substance use, compared with youth who received BAU mentoring. The enhancements had no impact on the quality of mentoring relationships and the enhanced matches had shorter mentoring relationships compared with BAU matches. This evaluation demonstrates that the enhanced mentoring program practices for COIP had significant, positive impacts on outcomes for this special population of youth and suggests that enhanced practices tailored to COIP should be implemented throughout the duration of the mentoring relationship to be most effective.
Do program practices matter for mentors?: How implementation of empirically supported program practices is associated with youth mentoring relationship quality
Authors: Keller Thomas E. , Drew Alison L. , Herrera Carla , Clark‐Shim Hyuny , Spencer Renée 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how the implementation of program‐level practices by formal youth mentoring programs is associated with the quality of youth mentoring relationships as contexts for youth development and also examines whether this connection is mediated by the mentor‐staff working alliance. Using data from mentors (n = 542) participating in multiple programs (n = 55), multilevel path models examined hypothesized direct and mediated effects. Parallel analyses were conducted with assessments of program practices from staff (n = 219). Greater exposure to program practices was associated with higher ratings of mentoring relationship satisfaction, commitment, and security and lower mentor‐youth relationship negativity. The mentor‐staff working alliance either partially or fully mediated these associations. Staff‐reported practices predicted mentoring relationship satisfaction and commitment without mediation by the working alliance. This study suggests program practices contribute to stronger youth mentoring relationships. The findings also highlight the mentor‐staff working alliance in supporting the development of positive mentoring relationships.
First responder perceptions of the system of care and people who use drugs: Spanning boundaries
Authors: Mendoza Natasha S. , Holmes Tasha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAddressing the beliefs of first responders about people who use drugs and the system of care with which they interact must be part and parcel to addressing the opioid crisis. Using a boundary spanning framework, we examine how first responders perceive community behavioral health. With qualitative methods, we asked: What are first responders' lived experiences on the frontlines of the opioid crisis? In sum, it is important to consider that there is a critical role that first responders could play in brokering services when they are not themselves behavioral health practitioners but are, importantly, boundary spanners.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,4,7,8‐tetrahydro‐5H‐furo[3,4‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridin‐5‐one‐based azo dyes
Authors: Kamaloddin‐Ezabadi Seyed Fakhreddin , Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Pasandideh‐Nadamani Meysam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSome 1,4,7,8‐tetrahydro‐5H‐furo[3,4‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridin‐5‐ones containing azo group were synthesized by a three‐component one‐pot reaction of a preformed azoaldehyde (AZA), tetronic acid, and 5‐aminopyrazole in ethanol in the presence of triethylamine under microwave irradiation. The structures of the products were confirmed by spectroscopic data. This method has the advantages of simpler operation to prepare a new dihydropyridines (1,4‐DHPs) ring with multi‐functional groups architecture, high efficiency, short reaction time, and exciting atom economical chemistry. All the products were evaluated regarding antibacterial activities. Some compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive (Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared with erythromycin and tetracycline. The antioxidant activity (AOA) of the synthesized compounds was considered in comparison to vitamin C. Some compounds exhibited the highest AOA, even higher than vitamin C.
A second case of glutaminase hyperactivity: Expanding the phenotype with epilepsy
Authors: Rumping Lynne , Pouwels Petra J. W. , Wolf Nicole I. , Rehmann Holger , Wamelink Mirjam M. C. , Waisfisz Quinten , Jans Judith J. M. , Prinsen Hubertus C. M. T. , van de Kamp Jiddeke M. , van Hasselt Peter M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlutaminase (GLS) hyperactivity was first described in 2019 in a patient with profound developmental delay and infantile cataract. Here, we describe a 4‐year‐old boy with GLS hyperactivity due to a de novo heterozygous missense variant in GLS, detected by trio whole exome sequencing. This boy also exhibits developmental delay without dysmorphic features, but does not have cataract. Additionally, he suffers from epilepsy with tonic clonic seizures. In line with the findings in the previously described patient with GLS hyperactivity, in vivo 3 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain revealed an increased glutamate/glutamine ratio. This increased ratio was also found in urine with UPLC‐MS/MS, however, inconsistently. This case indicates that the phenotypic spectrum evoked by GLS hyperactivity may include epilepsy. Clarifying this phenotypic spectrum is of importance for the prognosis and identification of these patients. The combination of phenotyping, genetic testing, and metabolic diagnostics with brain MRS and in urine is essential to identify new patients with GLS hyperactivity and to further extend the phenotypic spectrum of this disease.
Characterizing Streamline Count Invariant Graph Measures of Structural Connectomes
Authors: Newlin Nancy R. , Rheault François , Schilling Kurt G. , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundWhile graph measures are used increasingly to characterize human connectomes, uncertainty remains in how to use these metrics in a quantitative and reproducible manner. Specifically, there is a lack of community consensus regarding the number of streamlines needed to generate connectomes.PurposeThe purpose was to define the relationship between streamline count and graph‐measure value, reproducibility, and repeatability.Study TypeRetrospective analysis of previously prospective study.PopulationTen healthy subjects, 70% female, aged 25.3 ± 5.9 years.Field Strength/SequenceA 3‐T, T1‐weighted sequences and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with two gradient strengths (b‐values = 1200 and 3000 sec/mm2, echo time [TE] = 68 msec, repetition time [TR] = 5.4 seconds, 120 slices, field of view = 188 mm2).AssessmentA total of 13 graph‐theory measures were derived for each subject by generating probabilistic whole‐brain tractography from DWI and mapping the structural connectivity to connectomes. The streamline count invariance from changes in mean, repeatability, and reproducibility were derived.Statistical TestsPaired t‐test with P value <0.05 was used to compare graph‐measure means with a reference, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to measure repeatability, and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) to measure reproducibility.ResultsModularity and global efficiency converged to their reference mean with ICC > 0.90 and CCC > 0.99. Edge count, small‐worldness, randomness, and average betweenness centrality converged to the reference mean, with ICC > 0.90 and CCC > 0.95. Assortativity and average participation coefficient converged with ICC > 0.75 and CCC > 0.90. Density, average node strength, average node degree, characteristic path length, average local efficiency, and average clustering coefficient did not converge, though had ICC > 0.90 and CCC > 0.99. For these measures, alternate definitions that converge a reference mean are provided.Data ConclusionModularity and global efficiency are streamline count invariant for greater than 6 million and 100,000 streamlines, respectively. Density, average node strength, average node degree, characteristic path length, average local efficiency, and average clustering coefficient were strongly dependent on streamline count.Evidence Level1.Technical EfficacyStage 1.
Sulforaphane is a reversible covalent inhibitor of 3‐chymotrypsin‐like protease of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Chen Zinuo , Du Ruikun , Cooper Laura , Achi Jazmin G. , Dong Meiyue , Ran Yan , Zhang Jiwei , Zhan Peng , Rong Lijun , Cui Qinghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has posed a major public health threat worldwide and emphasizes an urgent need for effective therapeutics. Recently, Ordonez et al. identified sulforaphane (SFN) as a novel coronavirus inhibitor both in vitro and in mice, but the mechanism of action remains elusive. In this study, we independently discovered SFN for its inhibitory effect against SARS‐CoV‐2 using a target‐based screening approach, identifying the viral 3‐chymotrypsin‐like protease (3CLpro) as a target of SFN. Mechanistically, SFN inhibits 3CLpro in a reversible, mixed‐type manner. Moreover, enzymatic kinetics studies reveal that SFN is a slow‐binding inhibitor, following a two‐step interaction. Initially, an encounter complex forms by specific binding of SFN to the active pocket of 3CLpro; subsequently, the isothiocyanate group of SFN as “warhead” reacts covalently to the catalytic cysteine in a slower velocity, stabilizing the SFN‐3CLpro complex. Our study has identified a new lead of the covalent 3CLpro inhibitors which has potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent to treat SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Nucleos(t)ide analogues altered quasispecies composition of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐resistant mutations in serum HBV DNA and serum HBV RNA
Authors: Liao Hao , Zhang He , Shao Jinman , Li Xiaoyong , Zheng Wei V. , Li Le , Yu Guangxin , Si Lanlan , Zhou Tao , Yao Zengtao , Dai Jiuzeng , Xu Dongping , Cheng Guanxun , Qu Jiuxin , Liu Yan , Chen Junhui , Lu Fengmin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSerum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA is a new serological indicator reflecting viral replication with good clinical application prospects. This study aimed to clarify the dynamic changes of serum HBV RNA levels and the quasispecies of HBV RNA virus‐like particles in nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs)‐experienced chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients harboring NAs‐resistant mutations and their identifiable effects on NAs resistance. We included CHB patients who were on long‐term NAs treatment and with HBV DNA rebound. The longitudinally dynamics of serum HBV RNA levels were quantitatively detected, and the quasispecies differences between serum HBV DNA and serum HBV RNA were compared by high‐throughput sequencing. The effect of NAs concentration pressure on altering the resistance mutations quasispecies proportion of HBV DNA and HBV RNA in cell supernatant was analyzed in vitro. A total of 447 serum samples from 36 CHB patients treated with NAs were collected. The median follow‐up period was 47 months (about 4 years), and the longest follow‐up period was 117 months (about 10 years). Our results showed that HBV RNA could reflect virological breakthrough in 23 (64%, 23/36) patients, and serum HBV RNA rebound earlier than HBV DNA in 12 (52%, 12/23) patients. However, serum HBV RNA remained at a consistently high level and did not fluctuate significantly with the HBV DNA rebound in 6 of 36 patients. In addition, serum HBV RNA was not consistently detectable in 7 of the 36 patients, and their serum HBV RNA was undetectable even after HBV DNA had rebounded. The proportion of drug‐resistant mutations in HBV DNA was higher than that of HBV RNA by high‐throughput sequencing. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the viral strains with drug‐resistant mutation in HBV DNA in cell supernatants gradually become the dominant strains with the increase of NAs concentrations. Serum HBV RNA levels can reflect virological breakthrough in most NAs‐ treated CHB patients, but there are certain limitations. NAs alter the quasispecies composition of serum HBV DNA and serum HBV RNA, resulting in a higher detection rate of drug‐resistant mutations in serum HBV DNA than in serum HBV RNA.
Human coronavirus 3CL proteases cleave septins and disrupt Hedgehog signaling, causing ciliary dysfunction
Authors: Lee Ah Reum , Kweon Yeong Cheon , Lee Sang Min , Park Chan Young 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoronaviruses target ciliate cells causing the loss of cilia, acute rhinorrheas, and other ciliopathies. The loss of ciliary function may help the virus infect, replicate, and spread. However, the molecular mechanisms by which coronaviruses cause ciliary defects are still unclear. Herein we demonstrate how coronavirus infection and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 3CL protease induce cilia dysfunction by targeting a host protein septin that is required for the structure and function of cilia. Further, we demonstrate that coronaviruses and 3CL protease lead to the cleavage of several septin proteins (SEPT2, ‐6, and ‐9), producing cleaved obstructive fragments. Furthermore, ectopic expression of cleaved SEPT2 fragments shows defective ciliogenesis, disoriented septin filaments, and ablated Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling in a protease activity‐dependent manner. We present that the 3CLpro inhibitors are potent and prevent abnormal ciliary structures and SHH signaling. These results provide useful insights into the general mechanisms underlying ciliary defects caused by coronaviruses, which, in turn, facilitate virus spread and prove that preclinical and clinical 3CL protease inhibitors may prove useful as therapeutics for treating ciliary defects of coronaviruses.
Effect of oat β‐glucan on gel properties and protein conformation of silver carp surimi
Authors: He Xueli , Lv Yanan , Li Xuepeng , Yi Shumin , Zhao Honglei , Xu Yongxia , Li Jianrong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolysaccharides are the most widely used additives to enhance the quality of surimi gels. Oat β‐glucan (OG), a functional polysaccharide, is known to affect the gelation characteristics of surimi. However, it has been rarely reported. Therefore, the effect of OG at different levels on gelling properties, protein conformation, and microstructures of silver carp surimi gels were investigated.RESULTSAn increase in the OG content from 0 to 1.0% significantly improved the hardness, springiness, chewiness, puncture properties, storage modulus, and loss modulus of surimi gels. Moreover, the incorporation of OG (0–1.0%) facilitated the unfolding of proteins, resulting in the conformational transformation from α‐helix to β‐sheet and β‐turn. Consequently, surimi–OG gels displayed a denser network structure with smaller and more uniform voids. Furthermore, partial free water in the gel network was converted into immobile water, increasing the water‐holding capacity. However, a further increase in the OG concentration (1.0–2.0%) resulted in a looser and more uneven network structure with large and numerous cavities. In addition, the whiteness of composite gels decreased with increasing content of OG.CONCLUSIONThe addition of 1.0% OG dramatically improved the gelation performance of silver carp surimi, providing a theoretical foundation for the exploitation and manufacture of functional surimi products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Different diagnostic approaches for the characterization of the fungal community and Fusarium species complex composition of Italian durum wheat grain and correlation with secondary metabolite accumulation
Authors: Senatore Maria Teresa , Prodi Antonio , Tini Francesco , Balmas Virgilio , Infantino Alessandro , Onofri Andrea , Cappelletti Eleonora , Oufensou Safa , Sulyok Michael , Covarelli Lorenzo , Beccari Giovanni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe evolution of the fungal communities associated with durum wheat was assessed using different diagnostic approaches. Durum wheat grain samples were collected in three different Italian cultivation macro‐areas (north, center and south). Fungal isolation was realized by potato dextrose agar (PDA) and by deep‐freezing blotter (DFB). Identification of Fusarium isolates obtained from PDA was achieved by partial tef1α sequencing (PDA + tef1α), while those obtained from DFB were identified from their morphological characteristics (DFB + mc). The fungal biomass of eight Fusarium species was quantified in grains by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fungal secondary metabolites were analyzed in grains by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Correlations between Fusarium detection techniques (PDA + tef1α; DFB + mc and qPCR) and mycotoxins in grains were assessed.RESULTSAlternaria and Fusarium showed the highest incidence among the fungal genera developed from grains. Within the Fusarium community, PDA + tef1α highlighted that F. avenaceum and F. graminearum were the most represented members, while, DFB + mc detected a high presence of F. proliferatum. Alternaria and Fusarium mycotoxins, principally enniatins, were particularly present in the grain harvested in central Italy. Deoxynivalenol was mainly detected in northern‐central Italy.CONCLUSIONSThe adoption of the different diagnostic techniques of Fusarium detection highlighted that, for some species, qPCR was the best method of predicting their mycotoxin contamination in grains. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation and evaluation of astaxanthin‐loaded 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin and Soluplus® nanoparticles based on electrospray technology
Authors: Xue Yuanyuan , Liao Youwu , Wang Haiqiao , Li Shuang , Gu Zhengqing , Adu‐Frimpong Michael , Yu Jiangnan , Xu Ximing , Smyth Hugh D. C , Zhu Yuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAstaxanthin is a type of food‐derived active ingredient with antioxidant, antidiabetic and non‐toxicity functions, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability hinder further application in food industry. In the present study, through inclusion technologies, micellar solubilization and electrospray techniques, we prepared astaxanthin nanoparticles before optimizing the formulation to regulate the physical and chemical properties of micelles. We accomplished the preparation of astaxanthin nanoparticle delivery system based on single needle electrospray technology through use of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and Soluplus® to improveme the release behavior of the nanocarrier.RESULTSThrough this experiment, we successfully prepared astaxanthin nanoparticles with a particle size of approximately 80 nm, which was further verified with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the encapsulation of astaxanthin molecules into the carrier nanoparticles was verified via the results of attenuated total reflectance intensity and X‐ray powder diffraction techniques. The in vitro release behavior of astaxanthin nanoparticles was different in media that contained 0.5% Tween 80 (pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8) buffer solution and distilled water. Also, we carried out a pharmacokinetic study of astaxanthin nanoparticles, in which it was observed that astaxanthin nanoparticle showed an effect of immediate release and significant improved bioavailability.CONCLUSION2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and Soluplus® were used in the present study as a hydrophilic nanocarrier that could provide a simple way of encapsulating natural function food with repsect to improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water‐soluble ingredients. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.