bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Media Video Pembelajaran Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Peserta Didik Kelas V
Authors: Fauziyah Nurul , Utami Ratnasari Dyah , Sehati Andari 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar melalui penggunaan media video pembelajaran pada peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Karangtengah tahun 2020/2021. Jenis penelitian ini dalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dalam rumpun Penelitian Kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Karangtengah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: wawancara, observasi, tes dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan hasil belajar melalui penggunaan media video pembelajaran. 1) Peningkatan nilai pada pre test 9,09% menjadi 81,81%. 2) Peningkatan nilai pada post test 18,18% menjadi 90,90%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa penggunaan media video pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Negeri Karangtengah tahun 2020/2021.
Study of quantum Ostrowski's-type inequalities for differentiable convex functions
Authors: Ali M. A. , Fečkan M. , Mateen A. 
Published: February 2023

UDC 517.9 We prove some new q-Ostrowski's-type inequalities for differentiable and bounded functions. Moreover, we present the relationship between the newly established and already known inequalities, which is very interesting for new readers. Some applications to special means of real numbers are given to make the results more valuable.
On the symplectic structure deformations related to the Monge–Ampère equation on the Kähler manifoldP2(ℂ)
Authors: Balinsky A. A. , Prykarpatski A. K. , Pukach P. Ya. , Vovk M. I. 
Published: February 2023

UDC 517.9 We analyze the cohomology structure of the fundamental two-form deformation related to a modified Monge–Ampère type on the complex Kähler manifoldP2(ℂ). Based on the Levi-Civita connection and the related vector-field deformation of the fundamental two-form, we construct a hierarchy of bilinear symmetric forms on the tangent bundle of the K\"{a}hler manifoldP2(ℂ),that generate Hermitian metrics on it and corresponding solutions to the Monge–Ampère-type equation. The classical fundamental two-form construction on the complex Kähler manifoldP2(ℂ)is generalized and the related metric deformations are discussed.
Метод локальної лінійної апроксимації в теорії нелінійних імпульсних систем
Authors: Perestyuk М. О. , Slyusarchuk V. Yu. 
Published: February 2023

УДК 517.929
Для нелінійних диференціальних рівнянь з імпульсними збуреннями наведено загальне твердження про існування обмежених розв'язків. За допомогою цього твердження встановлено необхідні і достатні умови існування та єдиності обмежених розв'язків аналогічних лінійних рівнянь. Для дослідження рівнянь використано теорію

c

-неперервних операторів і метод локальної лінійної апроксимації нелінійних рівнянь.
On the jump control problem for boundary-value problems with state-dependent impulses
Authors: Rontó A. , Rontó M. , Rontоová N. 
Published: February 2023

UDC 517.9
We show how an appropriate parametrization technique and special successive approximations can help to control unknown jumps in the case of nonlinear boundary-value problems with state-dependent impulses. The practical application of the technique is shown on a numerical example.
Розв'язність лінійних інтегро-диференціальних рівнянь з невиродженим ядром у гільбертових просторах
Authors: Boichuk О. A. , Zhuravlev V. F. 
Published: February 2023

УДК 517.968.2
Із використанням теорії псевдообернення операторів і узагальненого обернення інтегральних операторів отримано критерій розв'язності інтегро-диференціальних рівнянь з невиродженим ядром у гільбертових просторах.
Майже періодичні розв’язки хвильового рівняння із затуханням та імпульсною дією
Authors: Dvornyk A. V. , Tkachenko V. I. 
Published: February 2023

УДК 517.9
Отримано достатні умови існування кусково-неперервних майже періодичних розв'язків хвильового рівняння з затуханням та імпульсною дією.
Least-squares method in the theory of nonlinear boundary-value problems unsolved with respect to the derivative
Authors: Benner P. , Chuiko S. , Nesmelova O. 
Published: February 2023

UDC 517.9
We establish constructive necessary and sufficient conditions of solvability and a scheme for the construction of solutions for a nonlinear boundary-value problem unsolved with respect to the derivative. We also suggest convergent iterative schemes for finding approximate solutions of this problem. As an example of application of the proposed iterative scheme, we find approximations to the solutions of periodic boundary-value problems for a Rayleigh-type equation unsolved with respect to the derivative, in particular, in the case of a periodic problem for the equation used to describe the motion of satellites on elliptic orbits.
Characteristics of vegetation in the Ročica Gorge in the southwestern Julian Alps / Značilnosti rastja korit Ročice v jugozahodnih Julijskih Alpah
Authors: Dakskobler Igor , Martinčič Andrej 
Published: February 2023

In the gorge of the Ročica creek in the southwestern Julian Alps we documented (with phytosociological relevés and tables) six plant communities of moist rock crevices and nine forest and shrub communities that belong in four Natura 2000 habitat types. The studied gorge is unique for the stands of syntaxa Astrantio carniolicae-Pinguiculetum alpinae var. Valeriana saxatilis, Palustriello commutati-Veronicetum urticifolia, Veronico urticifoliae-Saxifragetum cuneifolii, Saxifrago petraeae-Tilietum platyphylli tilietosum cordatae var. Taxus baccata and Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni var. Phyllitis scolopendrium.
Key words: vegetation, synsystematics, Krn Mountains, Upper Soča Valley, Slovenia

Izvleček
V koritih Ročice v jugozahodnih Julijskih Alpah smo s fitocenološkimi popisi in preglednicami dokumentirali šest rastlinskih združb vlažnih skalnih razpok in devet gozdnih in grmiščnih združb, ki sodijo v štiri Natura 2000 habitatne tipe. Posebnost preučenih korit so sestoji sintaksonov Astrantio carniolicae-Pinguiculetum alpinae var. Valeriana saxatilis, Palustriello commutati-Veronicetum urticifolia, Veronico urticifoliae-Saxifragetum cuneifolii, Saxifrago petraeae-Tilietum platyphylli tilietosum cordatae var. Taxus baccata in Saxifrago cuneifolii-Fagetum fraxinetosum orni var. Phyllitis scolopendrium.
Ključne besede: vegetacija, sinsistematika, Krnsko pogorje, Zgornje Posočje, Slovenija
Cortical Activation During Single-Legged Stance in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Ma Tengjia , Xu Xiaoyun , Li Moxin , Li Yunxia , Wang Yiran , Li Qianru , Xue Xiao’ao , Tao Weichu , Hua Yinghui 
Published: February 2023

Context
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has been considered a neurophysiological condition, with dysfunctional somatosensory and motor system excitability. However, few researchers have explored the changes in cortical activation during balance tasks of patients with CAI.

Objective
To compare the cortical activity during single-legged stance among CAI, copers, and uninjured control participants and to compare dynamic balance across groups.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 22 participants with CAI (median [interquartile range]; age = 34.5 [11.0] years, height = 170.0 [15.8] cm, mass = 67.0 [16.2] kg), 17 copers (age = 27.0 [14.0] years, height = 170.0 [9.5] cm, mass = 66.5 [16.5] kg), and 21 uninjured control participants (age = 25.0 [10.5] years, height = 170.0 [11.0] cm, mass = 64.0 [16.5] kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Participants performed single-legged stance while cortical activation was tested with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The peak oxyhemoglobin response of the activated cortex was calculated and compared across groups. The Y-Balance test outcomes and patient-reported outcomes were assessed and compared across groups.

Results
The CAI group had worse Y-balance test and patient-reported outcomes than the coper and uninjured control groups. Differences in the peak oxyhemoglobin response were observed for the primary somatosensory cortex (S1; F2,57 = 4.347, P = .017, ηp2 = 0.132) and superior temporal gyrus (STG; F2,57 = 4.548, P = .015, ηp2 = 0.138). Specifically, copers demonstrated greater activation in S1 and STG than the CAI (d = 0.73, P = .034, and d = 0.69, P = .043, respectively) and uninjured control (d = 0.77, P = .036, and d = 0.88, P = .022, respectively) groups. No differences were found in the cortical activation between CAI and uninjured control participants.

Conclusions
Copers displayed greater cortical activation in S1 and STG than CAI and uninjured control participants. Greater activation in S1 and STG suggested a better ability to perceive somatosensory stimuli and may represent a compensatory mechanism that allows copers to maintain good functional ability after the initial severe ankle sprain.
Combinatorial effect of diclofenac with piperine and D-limonene on inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of breast cancer cells
Authors: Sankar Srivarshini , Muthukaliannan Gothandam Kodiveri 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To investigate the potential synergistic activity of diclofenac with piperine and D-limonene in inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Methods:
Molecular docking study was conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of diclofenac with piperine and D-limonene against p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. The MTT assay was used to determine IC50, and the Chou-Talay method was used to determine the synergistic concentration of the combination treatment of diclofenac plus piperine and diclofenac plus D-limonene. Apoptosis detection, cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential were also investigated.

Results:
Diclofenac, piperine, and D-limonene showed potent binding affinity for p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. Diclofenac plus piperine and diclofenac plus D-limonene enhanced the formation of reactive oxygen species, which also had an effect on the mitochondrial membrane's integrity and caused DNA fragmentation. Diclofenac plus piperine and diclofenac plus D-limonene arrested the cells in the sub-G0 phase while drastically lowering the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the elevated apoptosis in the combined therapy was confirmed by annexin V/propidium iodide staining.

Conclusions:
The combined therapy prominently enhanced the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on MCF-7 cells compared with treatment with diclofenac, piperine, and D-limonene alone.
Parathyroid Hormone Predicts Radial Bone Loss in Healthy Nigerian Adults
Authors: Ale Ayotunde Oladunni , Oguntona Akintayo S. , Adeleye Olufunke O. , Adeleye Olufunmilayo O. , Afe Taiwo O. , Adeyemo Olusola L. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers is well studied in postmenopausal women and elderly men. However, related literature on healthy adults is scarce. This study determined the correlation between parathyroid hormone (PTH), BMD of the left distal radius, and other biochemical markers in apparently healthy Nigerian adults.

Methods:
This research included 80 (28 males/52 females) healthy participants between 22 and 50 years of age (32.10 ± 5.8 years) who met the inclusion criteria. All the participants were recruited by a systematic random sampling. Interview questionnaires were used to supplement clinical data and anthropometric measures. Fasting samples were analyzed for calcium, inorganic phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), PTH, osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase, and 24-h calcium excretion. The left distal radius BMD was examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The data were statistically analyzed, and the significance level was set at <0.05.

Results:
It was found that PTH was inversely correlated with left distal radius BMD/z-score (P = 0.004). It showed positive and negative trends with serum-adjusted calcium and inorganic phosphorus (P = 0.09 and P = 0.07, respectively). Neither the OC nor 24-h calcium excretion correlated with PTH (P > 0.05). The OC was inversely correlated with BMD (P = 0.003), but not with 24-h urinary calcium excretion (P > 0.05). None of the participants had osteoporosis. Regression analysis showed that PTH and OC predict radial bone density in participants (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Higher PTH levels correlate with lower left distal radius BMD in apparently healthy participants.
Knowledge of health-care professionals on tobacco cessation and its related activities
Authors: Kataria Neetu , Gupta Sandhya 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. There are more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, of which at least 300 are known to be harmful. A 2015 survey in Italy revealed that 58% of cardiologists correctly indicated smoking as an addiction and 45% regularly advised their patients to stop smoking.

Aims:
The aim is to assess the knowledge of health care professionals (HCPs) related to tobacco cessation and its related activities.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional, pilot survey on HCPs-30 doctors and 30 nurses was chosen by convenient sampling at a selected tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Tool: A semi-structured questionnaire contains items to assess knowledge of HCPs regarding tobacco cessation and its activities.

Results:
96.3% of doctors and 76% of nurses were 'asked' their patients about their history of tobacco use, respectively. 86.7% of doctors and 70.1% of nurses 'advice' patients to stop tobacco use. 63.3% of doctors and 54.1% of nurses were interested in participating in tobacco cessation training.

Conclusion:
Most of the HCPs had given brief interventions by 5 'A's method. More tobacco cessation training would be suggested by health-care workers.
Molecular Technology for the Detection of Pyoviridine Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Cases
Authors: AL-Jesmany Eman Nassir Hussan , Abbas Oruba Khalid , Hasan AlSaadi Basima QASIM 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
Using molecular technology for the purpose of confirmation of the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which depends on the detection of proteins like Pyoverdine gene of P. aeruginosa as diagnostic test.

Materials and Methods:
This work was done on 110 patients who had sustained burn injury from hospitals Baghdad, Al-Yarmouk and the Medical City Teaching Hospital during the period from October 2020 to the end of March 2021. The collected samples were cultured on different media (blood agar, MacConkey agar, nutrient agar, and Cetrimide agar) for isolation of P. aeruginosa bacteria as well as automated biochemical tests such as Api20E and VITEK 2 systems. The results showed that 76 (69%) samples had bacterial growth of P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was evaluated using the VITEK 2 compact. The Pseudomonas was detected using species-specific gene 16SrRNA gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and also detected by (PCR) using newly designed primers with a molecular size (389 bp) for pyoviridine gene.

Results:
This work showed that the predominant growth of burn wound infections was P. aeruginosa 76 samples (69%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing results showed the same sensitivity pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates to ceftriaxone and cephalothin (67.1%), gentamicin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefotaxime (65.7%). Resistance to imipenem, tobramycin, ticarcillin, and meropenem were (57.8%), (51.3%), (56.5%) and (55.2%) respectively, and had the highest sensitivity to amikacin (34.2%). Moreover, the highest resistance was to ciprofloxacin (69.7), and norfloxacin (71%). The results of using the 16SrRNA gene for the detection Pseudomonas give positive results (100%). Pseudomonas spp was detected by (PCR) for pyoviridine gene, revealed that 50% isolates give positive results. PCR product pyoviridine of the isolates (3) with the highest resistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) was sent to nitrogen-based sequencing, and the sequencing results revealed the mutation presence.

Conclusion:
This study shows the current resistant pattern of P. aeruginosa against different classes of antibiotics and the involvement of several virulence genes in resistance mechanisms by using PCR which ultimately helps to select appropriate antibiotics useful for the treatment of many burned complicated by P. aeruginosa.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C Alone, or in Combination On Methotrexate-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Hasan Raghad Raheem Abd , Algareeb Ali Ismail 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Different mechanisms have been attributed to methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver injury, one of which is related to MTX generation of free radicals and inducing the disturbance of oxidative stress biomarker. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a strong antioxidant dietary supplement and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and might produce an anti-inflammatory action through its antioxidant effect.

The Aim of the Current Study:
To evaluate the effect of ALA and Vitamin C single or concurrent use of them on MTX-induced liver injury.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-five adult male albino mice were divided into five groups: Group 1 were administered distilled water and sodium bicarbonate orally by oral gavage for 10 days and injected normal saline intraperitoneally (ip) in the 10th day, Group 2 were injected MTX ip on the 10th day only, Group 3 were administered 100 mg/kg Vitamin C orally for 10 days and injected MTX ip on the 10th day, Group 4 were administered ALA 60 mg/kg orally for 10 days and injected MTX ip on the 10th day, Group 5 were administered both ALA and Vitamin C orally and injected MTX ip on the 10th day. After 2 days of the last treatment, the animal was anesthesized and the blood was withdrawn to be used for biochemical assessment of liver functions and liver tissue was dissected out to be used for oxidative stress biomarker determination and histopathological study.

Results:
MTX group showed an increase in serum level of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase, an increase liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and a reduction of tissue glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while the treatment groups showed an improvement of liver enzyme elevation and decreased lipid peroxidation MDA and increased SOD.

Conclusion:
Pretreatment by using ALA alone or vitamin alone provides comparable improvement of liver histology and liver injury while combined regimen did not provide more significant improvement of liver injury than using each one alone.
TEĞMEN BURHANEDDİN (IŞIL) EFENDİ’NİN GÜNLÜĞÜNDEN TÜRK İSTİKLÂL SAVAŞI’NDA BATI CEPHESİ ASKERÎ FAALİYETLERİNE BAKIŞ (11 HAZİRAN 1921-31 ARALIK 1921)
Authors: EVCİN Erol 
Published: February 2023

Türk İstiklâl Savaşı sırasında İstanbul’dan Anadolu’ya geçen subaylar hiç şüphe yok ki Türk ordusuna önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma münasebetiyle, Türk İstiklâl Savaşı’nın önemli bir safhasında 21 Haziran 1921 tarihinde İstanbul’dan İtalyan bandıralı bir vapur ile ayrılarak İnebolu’ya çıkan ve buradan Kastamonu-Çankırı-Ankara-Eskişehir yoluyla Batı Cephesi’ne intikal eden Burhaneddin (Işıl) adındaki bir subayın askerî faaliyetleri konu alınmıştır. Burhaneddin Bey, Birinci Dünya Savaşı neticesinde yaşadığı esaret hayatı nedeniyle 1921’de İstanbul’a dönebilmiş, bu nedenle Türk istiklâl Savaşı’na iştiraki biraz gecikmiştir. Türk İstiklâl Savaşı’nda 1. Süvari Tümeni 14. Alay 2. Bölük Takım Komutanı olarak görev yapmış, 4. Kolordu Süvari Bölüğü’nde hizmet etmiş ve Kütahya-Eskişehir ve Sakarya Muharebeleri ile Büyük Taarruz’a katılmıştır. Bu süreçte ayrıca cepheye asker, cephane ve teçhizat nakli hizmetlerinde de bulunmuştur.
Burhaneddin Bey’in çalışmamızda temel aldığımız günlüğü 11 Haziran 1921-31 Aralık 1921 tarihleri arasındaki süreci kapsamaktadır. Söz konusu günlük vesilesiyle; kendisinin askerî faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra Türk İstiklâl Savaşı döneminde İstanbul Hükümeti ile bağlarını kopararak TBMM’nin emrine girmek üzere Anadolu’ya geçen askerlere, bu geçişler sırasında karşılaşılan zorluklara, Ankara Hükümeti’nin Anadolu’ya intikalleri güvenli bir şekilde sağlayabilmek hususunda aldığı tedbirlere, Batı Cephesi’ne yapılan askerî sevkiyata, cephedeki çarpışmalara, halkın ve askerlerin moral durumuna ilişkin önemli bilgilere de ulaşmak mümkün olmaktadır. Batı Cephesi’nde cereyan eden olaylara temas eden bu çalışma vesilesiyle Türk İstiklâl Savaşı’nın daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.
GENERAL STRATİGOS’A AİT “YUNANLILARA NAZARAN SAKARYA MUHÂREBÂTI” ADLI RAPORUN MUHAREBEYE KATILAN TÜRK KOMUTANLARINCA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÜVENBAŞ Mesut 
Published: February 2023

Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi yüzyıllar boyunca yaşanan Türk’ün toprak kaybetmesine “dur” diyen, Türk’ün yeniden doğuşunun temelinin atıldığı ve döneminin harp sanatını değiştiren önemli bir muharebedir. Bu muharebeyle ilgili birincil kaynak, muharebeye katılan kişilerin ifadeleri ve hatıratların iyi analiz edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Sakarya Meydan Muharebesine katılan Yunan General Ksenofontas Stratigos tarafından kaleme alınan Fransızca rapor (1921) Türk Genelkurmay Başkanlığınca çevirisi yapılarak “Sakarya Muhârebâtı” adıyla 1923 yılında Ankara’da basılmıştır. Osmanlı Türkçesi olarak basılan eser Sakarya Meydan Muharebesine katılan Türk subayları tarafından aynı yıl içerisinde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada, Stratigos tarafından kaleme alınan bu eser; MSB Arşiv ve Askerî Tarih Daire Başkanlığı Arşivinden tespit edilen Türk subaylarının değerlendirmeleri, harp belgeleri ve ikincil kaynaklar ışığında karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Eserin, Yunan çekiliş ve yenilgisini belirli bir mantık çerçevesinde başarı olarak göstermeye çalıştığı, duygusal olarak kaleme alındığı, objektif olmadığı ile Yunan ordusunun hata ve başarısızlıklarını aklamaya çalıştığı tespiti yapılmıştır. Eserde, Türk ordusu ve halkı hakkında gerçekle ilgisi olmayan iddialara yer verildiği, Yunan ordusunca Anadolu halkına yapılan mezalimin gizlenmeye çalışıldığı ve Türk ordusunun taarruz ve başarılarına değinilmediği de görülmektedir.
Comparison of Pre-Loading Fluid With Norepinephrine Toward Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) In Sepsis Patients In Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan
Authors: Sidiq Rendi , Lubis Bastian , Solihat Yutu 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the host response to infection. Sepsis and septic shock are major health problems, affecting millions of people worldwide each year and killing one in six people affected. Early identification and appropriate management in the early hours after the development of sepsis improves the patient's prognosis. Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) 2021 recommends a fluid dose of 30mL/kgBW, but there are many studies stating that there is no difference in patient outcomes when we resuscitate patients with 10 or 20 mL/kgBW fluids. Norepinephrine is considered as the safest and most potent vasopressor agents than others.
Methods: This study used a double-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) design to assess MAP in sepsis patients in intensive care unit (ICU) of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital ,Medan.
Results: There were more male (56.5%), than female (43.5%). In our study, administration of 10mL/kg and 20mL/kg fluid bolus with vasopressor resulted in increased MAP, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Administration of 10 mL/kg fluid gave higher MAP values than the other groups, could be a consideration in choosing fluid in order to avoid fluid overload.
Conclusion: There is a significant comparison in the ratio of norepinephrine pre-loading fluid toward MAP in sepsis patients. Comparison of the mean MAP value at 15, 20, 25 minutes was the highest in the 10 mL/KgBW group. Meanwhile, the lowest MAP was found in 30mL/KgBW the group.