bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal association of COVID-19 with brain structure changes: Findings from a non-overlapping 2-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ding Pingjian , Xu Rong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent cohort studies suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with changes in brain structure. However, the potential causal relationship remains unclear. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to determine whether genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 is causally associated with changes in cortical and subcortical areas of the brain. This 2-sample MR (Mendelian Randomization) study is an instrumental variable analysis of data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) meta-analyses round 5 excluding UK Biobank participants (COVID-19 infection, N=1,348,701; COVID-19 severity, N=1,557,411), the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Global and regional cortical measures, N=33,709; combined hemispheric subcortical volumes, N=38,851), and UK Biobank (left/right subcortical volumes, N=19,629). A replication analysis was performed on summary statistics from different COVID-19 GWAS study (COVID-19 infection, N=80,932; COVID-19 severity, N=72,733). We found that the genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 was not significantly associated with changes in brain structures, including cortical and subcortical brain structure. Similar results were observed for different (1) MR estimates, (2) COVID-19 GWAS summary statistics, and (3) definitions of COVID-19 infection and severity. This study suggests that the genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 is not causally associated with changes in cortical and subcortical brain structure.
Risk factors for severe complications and mortality among hospitalized children with measles during a major outbreak in Northern Vietnam, 2017 - 2019
Authors: Tran Minh Dien , Pham Nhung T. H. , Vu Hoang Nguyen , Tran Minh-Hung , Ngo Hoang-Anh , Phan Phuc H 
Published: July 2023

SummaryIntroductionMeasles outbreaks increased worldwide during the period of 2017-2019. Similarly, Vietnam experienced one of the largest measles outbreaks in recent decades, with various paediatric patients presenting severe complications. In this study, we aim to identify factors associated with death and severity among children with measles admitted to Vietnam National Children’s Hospital (VNCH) in Hanoi, Vietnam between 2017 and 2019.MethodThis single-center retrospective cohort study included 2, 072 patients with measles admitted to VNCH from 1/1/2017 to 31/12/2019. Data on epidemiological, clinical characteristics, vaccine status, and outcomes were collected and summarised. We conducted both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the correlations between various characteristics of hospitalized children and mortality.FindingsIn total, there were 2, 072 patients, including 1, 297 (62.6%) males and 775 (37.4%) females. The median age was 9 months (interquartile range 7−17). 87.3% of cases had not received any measles-containing vaccine (MCV). 30 (1.4%) patients died, with 40% aged less than 9 months. Only 3 among 30 (10%) who died had received at least 1 dose of MCV. Bronchopneumonia was the most common complication, occurring in 1, 413 (68.2%) patients. The following characteristics were significantly associated with mortality in the multivariable analysis: age under 9 months and age from 9 months to 5 years, residing 20 to 200 kilometres from VNCH, and having co-infection with adenovirus or other hospital acquired infections. Age group was also significantly associated with severity in the multivariable analysis.InterpretationVietnam continues to face the threat of future measles epidemics, given the burden of hospitalization and the high rate of complications observed in hospitalized patients. This highlights the critical need to maintain high measles vaccine coverage, particularly by targeting the unvaccinated population. To prevent future outbreaks and lower measles incidence, routine immunization needs to be strengthened, and earlier scheduling of MCV1 needs to be further evaluated. The comprehensive analysis of the 2017-19 measles outbreak presented in this study will contribute to informed decision-making regarding appropriate measures to counteract future resurgences of measles in Vietnam.FundingNo specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors supported the submission and publication of this manuscript.
Cryo-electron tomography of eel sperm flagella reveals a molecular “minimum system” for motile cilia
Authors: Schrad Jason R. , Fu Gang , Hable Whitney E. , Tayar Alexandra M. , Oliveira Kenneth , Nicastro Daniela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCilia and flagella play a crucial role in the development and function of most eukaryotic organisms. The structural core of the flagellum, the axoneme, is conserved in most eukaryotes and careful regulation of dynein motors within the axoneme is required for proper ciliary beating. The sperm flagellum from the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) has been shown to lack many of the canonical axonemal proteins, including the radial spokes, the central pair complex, and possibly even the outer row of dynein arms, presenting a “minimal” flagellar system. Here, we present cryo-electron tomography analysis of the eel sperm flagellum. We identified two states for the eel sperm flagellum within our tomograms, narrow and wide, and found that the flagellum started narrow near the sperm head and widened distally. Subtomogram averages revealed that the eel sperm flagellum has retained remnants of the missing regulatory complexes, including a short radial spoke 3 complex, basal components of radial spokes 1 and 2, and an outer dynein arm docking complex. We also describe unique structural features of theA. rostratasperm flagellum, such as a unique pattern of holes at the inner junction and an accessory complex located at the “outer” junction. Finally, we discuss the consequences of losing key regulatory factors for the eel sperm flagellum and hypothesize several evolutionary factors that may have led to their loss. Together, our results shed light onto the structure and function of the eel sperm axoneme and provide insight into the minimum requirements for proper ciliary beating.
Divergent recovery trajectories in reef-building corals following a decade of successive marine heatwaves
Authors: Brown Kristen T. , Lenz Elizabeth A. , Glass Benjamin H. , Kruse Elisa , McClintock Rayna , Drury Crawford , Nelson Craig E. , Putnam Hollie M. , Barott Katie L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncreasingly frequent marine heatwaves are devastating coral reefs. Corals that survive these extreme heat stress events must rapidly recover if they are to withstand subsequent events, and long-term survival in the face of rising ocean temperatures may hinge on recovery capacity and acclimatory gains in heat tolerance over an individual’s lifespan. To better understand coral recovery trajectories in the face of successive marine heatwaves, we monitored the responses of bleaching-susceptible and bleaching-resistant individuals of two dominant coral species in Hawaiʻi,Montipora capitataandPorites compressa, over a decade that included three marine heatwaves. Bleaching-susceptible colonies ofP. compressaexhibited beneficial acclimatization to heat stress (i.e., less bleaching) following repeat heatwaves, becoming indistinguishable from bleaching-resistant conspecifics during and after the third heatwave. In contrast, bleaching-susceptibleM. capitatarepeatedly bleached during all successive heatwaves and exhibited seasonal bleaching for up to three years following the third heatwave. Encouragingly, bleaching-resistant individuals of both species remained pigmented across the entire time series; however, pigmentation did not necessarily indicate physiological resilience. Specifically,M. capitatadisplayed incremental yet only partial recovery of symbiont density and tissue biomass across both bleaching phenotypes up to 35 months following the third heatwave. Conversely,P. compressaappeared to recover across most physiological metrics within two years, reverting to predictable seasonal variability. Ultimately, these results indicate that even some visually robust, bleaching-resistant corals can carry the cost of recurring heatwaves over multiple years, leading to divergent recovery trajectories that may erode coral reef resilience in the Anthropocene.Significance StatementCoral reefs are in jeopardy as climate change has led to increasingly frequent marine heatwaves. Some corals can survive these extreme heat stress events, thus acquiring environmental memory that may prime them for increased resistance and resilience in subsequent heatwaves via beneficial acclimatization. Yet, as the time between heatwaves decreases, the accumulation of stress experienced by some individuals may preclude opportunities for beneficial acclimatization. This nearly decade-long study revealed divergent recovery trajectories within and between species in response to successive marine heatwaves, ranging from costly to beneficial. As the climate continues to change, surviving corals must not only gain heat tolerance, but also rapidly recover to maintain the critically important ecosystem services that humanity relies on.
Deciphering the polycistronic nature ofMycobacterium tuberculosislipoproteins of unknown functions
Authors: Blanco  , Bigi Fabiana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis, encodes 116 lipoproteins, from which 48 have no demonstrated or predicted function. In this study, we demonstrated that six genes of these lipoproteins of unknown function are encoded in transcriptional units together with genes with experimentally verified functions or that encode conserved functional domains. We assigned predicted functions to LpqT (Rv1016c), LppE (1881c), LppO (Rv2290), LprE (Rv1252c) and LpqF (Rv3593).
Visualization of syntrophic benzene-fermentingDesulfobacterotaORM2 in a methanogenic enrichment culture using fluorescencein situhybridization
Authors: Chen Xu , Toth Courtney R.A. , Guo Shen , Luo Fei , Howe Jane , Nesbø Camilla L. , Edwards Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough benzene degradation under strictly anoxic conditions was first reported over 25 years ago, the mechanism for benzene activation in the absence of oxygen is still elusive. A major limitation has been the difficulty to grow anaerobic benzene-degrading enrichment cultures. Our laboratory has maintained a methanogenic enrichment culture for decades, harboring a benzene fermenter referred to asDesulfobacterotaORM2. Recent genomic analyses indicate that ORM2 is not affiliated with any characterized genus, but it is phylogenetically similar to several other known and predicted benzene degraders.DesulfobacterotaORM2 has a doubling time of approximately 30 days and often enters a long lag or decay phase after inoculation into sterile pre-reduced anaerobic medium. A specific fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) probe was used to observeDesulfobacterotaORM2 cells during this decay phase, revealing a rod-shaped cell of variable length with a tendency to associate with other cells, particularly methanogens. Microscopic and genomic analyses indicate thatDesulfobacterotaORM2 may produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that likely contribute to cell aggregation. The production of EPS may consume a significant amount of energy, perhaps contributing to the lag time before onset of growth ofDesulfobacterotaORM2 post-inoculation. We observed little cell aggregation in a culture amended with very high concentrations of benzene (90-120 mg/L). This study visualized the cells of a novel clade within theDesulfobacterotafor the first time, enabling monitoring of spatial organization within a methanogenic consortium and provides hints to improve the growth rate of ORM2.ImportanceA specific FISH probe was designed for the poorly characterized benzene fermenterDesulfobacterotaORM2. This probe was used to monitor changes in spatial organization in a methanogenic benzene-degrading enrichment culture. ORM2 cells were often found in cell aggregates, revealing a possible reason for the long lag phases observed after inoculation.
Virus replication in the honey bee parasite,Varroa destructor
Authors: Damayo James E. , McKee Rebecca C. , Buchmann Gabriele , Norton Amanda M. , Ashe Alyson , Remnant Emily J. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTArthropod vectors such as mites and ticks introduce an alternative viral transmission route between their hosts. The ectoparasitic miteVarroa destructoris the leading threat to the health of Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) primarily through its action as a vector of viruses. However, it is unclear whether viruses transmitted byV. destructoractively infect and replicate in mites, which could facilitate increased transmission and select for more virulent strains. To better understand the role ofV. destructoras a vector, we took advantage of differences between bee and mite antiviral RNA interference pathways to identify the host specificity of replicating viruses. We used small RNA sequencing of individualV. destructormites to examine viral small interfering RNA (vsiRNA) profiles of Deformed wing virus genotypes (DWV-A and DWV-B), associated with colony declines, as well as nine other viruses present in our samples. We found active replication of sixV. destructor-associated viruses, including a novel virus, Varroa destructor virus 9 (VDV-9), and replication of two honey bee associated viruses, including both DWV-A and -B genotypes, suggesting that mites are biological vectors for important bee pathogens. We show that the antiviral RNAi response can be used define the host range of viruses in host-parasite interactions, such as honey bees and their parasites, enabling a better understanding of the role of a vector in the evolution and spread of honey bee pathogens.
Comparing the diagnostic and clinical utility of WGS and WES with standard genetic testing (SGT) in children with suspected genetic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tirrell Kimberley M.B. , O’Neill Helen C. 
Published: July 2023

3.0AbstractImportanceRare genetic diseases are one of the leading causes of infant mortality worldwide. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) are relatively new techniques for diagnosing genetic diseases, that classic newborn screening (NBS) fails to detect.ObjectiveTo systematically assess the diagnostic and clinical utility of WGS and WES, compared to standard genetic testing (SGT), in children with suspected genetic diseases, and discuss its impact on the expansion of NBS.Data SourcesEMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and references of included full-text articles were searched until 21stOctober 2021.Study SelectionStudies reporting the diagnostic yield or rate of change of management for WGS and/or WES were included. The meta-analysis included 43 of the original 1768 identified articles (2%).Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. The quality of included papers was assessed using QUADAS-2, and a meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to create pooled proportions and a pooled odds ratio.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Diagnostic utility, as determined by the diagnostic yield, which is defined as P/LP variants with strong or moderate associations with the presenting clinical phenotype of the affected patient, and that were reported to the patient’s clinician. Clinical utility as defined by any change in clinical management (medically or surgically), determined through clinician questionnaires or Electronic Health Record reviews.ResultsA total of 43 studies were included, comprising 6168 children. The pooled diagnostic utility of WES (0.40, 95% CI 0.34-0.45,I2=90%), was qualitatively greater than WGS (0.34, 95% CI 0.29-0.39,I2=79%), and SGT (0.19, 95% CI 0.13-0.25,I2=64%). The pooled clinical utility of WGS (0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.89,I2=93%), was qualitatively greater than WES (0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.81,I2=86%), while both were qualitatively greater than SGT (0.69, 95% CI 0.38-0.94).Conclusions and RelevanceOur evidence suggests that WGS/WES should be considered the first-line test for genetic diseases. There is reason to believe that WGS and WES should be included as part of NBS, however, more studies are required to assess the cost-effectiveness of this approach.
Interaction betweenAPOE4status and lifestyle on brain and cognitive outcomes in cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Felisatti Francesca , Chauveau Léa , Marchant Natalie L , Collette Fabienne , Demnitz-King Harriet , Whitfield Tim , Requier Florence , Mézenge Florence , Landeau Brigitte , Palix Cassandre , Haudry Sacha , Delarue Marion , de la Sayette Vincent , Vivien Denis , Poisnel Géraldine , de Flores Robin , Chételat Gaël , Gonneaud Julie ,   MEDIT-AGEING Research Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAPOE4genotype and lifestyle have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, but how they interact on neuroimaging and cognitive markers of aging and AD remains unclear.METHODSIn 135 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the baseline Age-Well trial, we investigated the interaction betweenAPOE4 status and cognitive activity, diet and physical activity on cognition and neuroimaging markers of neurodegeneration and amyloid.RESULTSHigher cognitive activity correlated with lower medial temporal lobe (MTL) volume and perfusion inAPOE4-carriers, but increased cognitive performance irrespective ofAPOE4status. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet correlated with higher MTL metabolism and attention scores inAPOE4-carriers. Conversely, physical activity correlated with higher MTL perfusion and lower amyloid inAPOE4-non-carriers only.DISCUSSIONGenetics and lifestyle factors act through different mechanisms to helpAPOE4-carriers resist or cope with brain alterations and postpone cognitive decline. Our results support the need of personalized lifestyle-based interventions for AD.Trial Registration InformationEudraCT: 2016-002441-36; IDRCB: 2016-A01767-44;ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier:NCT02977819.
Implementation of the SDGs by social economy enterprises in the agrifood sector
Authors: Lafont-Torio Juan , Calderon-Monge Esther , Ribeiro-Soriano Domingo 
Published: July 2023

PurposeAchieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a global initiative that is becoming increasingly important in the industrial and service sectors. This paper analyses how the SDGs are being implemented in the agrifood supply chain by social economy enterprises.Design/methodology/approachCase study methodology was used to understand how companies implement the SDGs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers from two cooperatives in the agrifood sector.FindingsThere are no differences in the way that the SDGs are implemented by social economy enterprises involved in the food sector supply chain. Therefore, the SDG approach is an alternative that can be applied by food sector supply chain companies to achieve the sustainability favoured by the cooperative model.Originality/valueThe value of the present study lies in its analysis of the sustainability of the agrifood supply chain from an SDG-based approach that is more comprehensive than other commonly cited approaches in the academic literature.
When workplace humour turns into conflict: exploring HR practices in the case of conflict management
Authors: Liao Qiandan , Pandeli Jenna 
Published: July 2023

PurposeAlthough humour and conflict are popular topics in management, little attention has been paid to the negative effects of humour in terms of how workplace humour could turn into unexpected conflicts. From the perspective of conflict management, human resources (HR) need to better understand this dynamic transition process. The purpose of this research is to explore the transition from humour to conflict and how HR perform when addressing humour-related issues.Design/methodology/approachA secondary data, multiple case study approach is adopted. Case studies are analysed qualitatively and thematically through a content analysis matrix.FindingsAggressive humour is closely related to conflict. Humour content and the context in which it takes place are important influential factors contributing to the transition from humour to conflict. It is challenging for HR to deal with humour-related issues: most victims are unwilling to report the issue at an early stage until they cannot bear the joke, forcing HR to perform reactively.Practical implicationsWorkplace humour-related issues should not be overlooked. HR should adopt an early, proactive approach to prevent severe conflict from developing and relationships deteriorating.Originality/valueThis study highlights the dynamics and complexity of the transition from humour to conflict, providing new insights for HR in terms of effective conflict management.
A work-family enrichment model of perceived overqualification: the moderating role of flexibility human resource practices
Authors: Li Yan , Jin Shumei , Chen Qi , Armstrong Steven J. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This research focuses on the work–family facilitation process to theorize and examine the potential positive impact of perceived overqualification (POQ) on an individual’s work–family interface. Drawing on social cognitive theory of self-regulation, this research identifies work–family balance self-efficacy (WFBSE) as a motivational mechanism through which POQ affects work engagement. Additionally, it proposes flexibility human resource (HR) practices as a key moderator of this process.

Design/methodology/approach
This research collected multi-wave time-lagged data from 342 managers in the hospitality industry. The research focused on managers with the title of headwaiter and above, while front-line service personnel were not included.

Findings
The results showed that POQ had an indirect positive relationship with work engagement via WFBSE. The results also showed that employee-experienced flexibility HR practices moderated the effectiveness of WFBSE in translating POQ into work engagement.

Practical implications
This research provides guidance and insights into how HRM systems can be customized to sustain positive outcomes in situations of overqualification. It is crucial that hotels offer flexibility options or individualization of work arrangements for overqualified employees.

Originality/value
The potential positive impact of POQ on employees’ work–family interface has been neglected. In addition, prior research has devoted little attention to potential organizational factors that enhance the positive effects of POQ. By examining the mediating and moderating effects, this research aims to explain how and under what conditions POQ facilitates work engagement.