bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of in-hospital outcomes and complications of leadless pacemaker and traditional transvenous pacemaker implantation
Authors: Alhuarrat Majd Al Deen , Kharawala Amrin , Renjithlal Sarath , Magdi Eid Mohamed , Varrias Dimitrios , Mohammed Moghniuddin , Grushko Michael , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Since their introduction in 1958, traditional cardiac pacemakers have undergone considerable upgrades over the years, but they continue to have a complication rate of ∼3.8%–12.4%. There are no randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes of leadless pacemakers (LPM) with single-chamber transvenous pacemakers (TV-VVI). The aim is to assess the differences in the procedural complications and in-hospital outcomes between LPM and TV-VVI implants.

Methods and results
We queried the national inpatient database from 2016 to 2019 to include adult patients undergoing LPM and TV-VVI. Admissions for leadless and single-lead transvenous pacemakers were identified by their appropriate ICD-10 codes. Complications were identified using ICD-10 codes that mostly represent initial encounter. The difference in outcomes was assessed using multivariable logistic regression and 1:1 propensity score matching between the two cohorts. Thirty-five thousand four hundred thirty expanded samples of admissions were retrieved of which 27 650 (78%) underwent TV-VVI with a mean age 81.3 ± 9.4 years and 7780 (22%) underwent LPM with a mean age of 77.1 ± 12.1 years. The LPM group had a higher likelihood of in-hospital mortality [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.63, 95% CI (1.29–2.05), P &lt; 0.001], vascular complications [aOR: 7.54, 95% CI (3.21–17.68), P &lt; 0.001], venous thromboembolism [aOR: 3.67, 95% CI (2.68–5.02), P &lt; 0.001], cardiac complications [aOR: 1.79, 95% CI (1.59–2.03), P &lt; 0.001], device thrombus formation [aOR: 5.03, 95% CI (2.55–9.92), P &lt; 0.001], and need for a blood transfusion [aOR: 1.54, 95% CI (1.14–2.07), P &lt; 0.005]. The TV-VVI group had higher likelihood of in-hospital pulmonary complications [aOR:0.68, 95% CI (0.54–0.87), P &lt; 0.002] and had a need for device revisions [aOR:0.42, 95% CI (0.23–0.76), P &lt; 0.004].

Conclusion
There is a higher likelihood of all-cause in-hospital mortality and complications following LPM implantation in comparison to TV-VVI. This could be related to higher co-morbidities in the LPM group. Clinical trials aimed to accurately compare these two groups should be undertaken.
Cardiac muscle–restricted partial loss of Nos1ap expression has limited but significant impact on electrocardiographic features
Authors: Smith Alexa , Auer Dallas , Johnson Morgan , Sanchez Ernesto , Ross Holly , Ward Christopher , Chakravarti Aravinda , Kapoor Ashish 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified sequence polymorphisms in a functional enhancer of the NOS1AP gene as the most common genetic regulator of QT interval and human cardiac NOS1AP gene expression in the general population. Functional studies based on in vitro overexpression in murine cardiomyocytes and ex vivo knockdown in zebrafish embryonic hearts, by us and others, have also demonstrated that NOS1AP expression levels can alter cellular electrophysiology. Here, to explore the role of NOS1AP in cardiac electrophysiology at an organismal level, we generated and characterized constitutive and heart muscle–restricted Nos1ap knockout mice to assess whether NOS1AP disruption alters the QT interval in vivo. Constitutive loss of Nos1ap led to genetic background-dependent variable lethality at or right before birth. Heart muscle–restricted Nos1ap knockout, generated using cardiac-specific alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter-driven tamoxifen-inducible Cre, resulted in tissue-level Nos1ap expression reduced by half. This partial loss of expression had no detectable effect on the QT interval or other electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters, except for a small but significant reduction in the QRS interval. Given that challenges associated with defining the end of the T wave on murine electrocardiogram can limit identification of subtle effects on the QT interval and that common noncoding NOS1AP variants are also associated with the QRS interval, our findings support the role of NOS1AP in regulation of the cardiac electrical cycle.
S
Hmax orientation in the Alpine region from observations of stress-induced anisotropy of nonlinear elasticity
Authors: Aiman Y A , Delorey A A , Lu Y , Bokelmann G 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
The orientation of SHmax is commonly estimated from in situ borehole breakouts and earthquake focal mechanisms. Borehole measurements are expensive, and therefore sparse, and earthquake measurements can only be made in regions with many well-characterized earthquakes. Here, we derive the stress-field orientation using stress-induced anisotropy in nonlinear elasticity. In this method, we measure the strain derivative of velocity as a function of azimuth. We use a natural pump-probe (NPP) approach which consists of measuring elastic wave speed using empirical Green’s functions (probe) at different points of the earth tidal strain cycle (pump). The approach is validated using a larger data set in the Northern Alpine Foreland region where the orientation of maximum horizontal compressive stress is known from borehole breakouts and drilling-induced fractures. The technique resolves NNW-SSW to N-S directed SHmax which is in good agreement with conventional methods and the recent crustal stress model. We confirm that the NPP method can be applied to dense large-scale seismic arrays. The technique is then applied to the Southern Alps to understand the contemporary stress pattern associated with the ongoing deformation due to counterclockwise rotation of the Adriatic plate with respect to the European plate. Our results explain why the two major faults in Northeastern Italy, the Giudicarie Fault and the Periadriatic Line (Pustertal–Gailtal Fault) are currently inactive, while the currently acting stress field allows faults in Slovenia to deform actively. We have demonstrated that the pump-probe method has the potential to fill in the measurement gap left by conventional approaches, both in terms of regional coverage and in depth.
Creating healthy food environments in recreation and sport settings using choice architecture: a scoping review
Authors: Prowse Rachel , Lawlor Natasha , Powell Rachael , Neumann Eva-Marie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recreation and sport settings (RSS) are ideal for health promotion, however, they often promote unhealthy eating. Choice architecture, a strategy to nudge consumers towards healthier options, has not been comprehensively reviewed in RSS and indicators for setting-based multi-level, multi-component healthy eating interventions in RSS are lacking. This scoping review aimed to generate healthy food environment indicators for RSS by reviewing peer-reviewed and grey literature evidence mapped onto an adapted choice architecture framework. One hundred thirty-two documents were included in a systematic search after screening. Data were extracted and coded, first, according to Canada’s dietary guideline key messages, and were, second, mapped onto a choice architecture framework with eight nudging strategies (profile, portion, pricing, promotion, picks, priming, place and proximity) plus two multi-level factors (policy and people). We collated data to identify overarching guiding principles. We identified numerous indicators related to foods, water, sugary beverages, food marketing and sponsorship. There were four cross-cutting guiding principles: (i) healthy food and beverages are available, (ii) the pricing and placement of food and beverages favours healthy options, (iii) promotional messages related to food and beverages supports healthy eating and (iv) RSS are committed to supporting healthy eating and healthy food environments. The findings can be used to design nested, multipronged healthy food environment interventions. Future research is needed to test and systematically review the effectiveness of healthy eating interventions to identify the most promising indicators for setting-based health promotion in RSS.
Harnessing citizen science in health promotion: perspectives of policy and practice stakeholders in Australia
Authors: Laird Yvonne , Marks Leah , Smith Ben J , Walker Pippy , Garvey Kate , Jose Kim , O’Rourke Sean , Pontifex Katherine , Wardle Karen , Rowbotham Samantha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Citizen science is rapidly gaining momentum as a means of involving members of the public in research and decision-making in disease prevention and health promotion. However, citizen science projects have predominantly been led by academic researchers and there is limited understanding of how to support the application of citizen science approaches in policy and practice settings. This study aimed to understand the perceptions, motivations and early experiences of applying citizen science approaches in policy and practice settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with policy and practice stakeholders who were leading citizen science projects (project partners, n = 7), and their implementation partners (project implementers, n = 11). Participants viewed citizen science as an opportunity to access hard-to-reach data and to enhance engagement with community members to support policy and practice change. Barriers and facilitators of citizen science in policy and practice settings included navigating collaborative relationships, team capacity and resources available to deliver projects, recruitment and engagement of citizen scientists and ethical considerations in the design and implementation of citizen science projects. Findings support the feasibility and wider application of citizen science approaches in health promotion and are being used to inform the development of tools and resources to build capacity in these approaches in policy and practice settings.
A qualitative study of children’s experiences with school-based divorce groups led by teachers in Denmark
Authors: Rose Pernelle , Ness Ottar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
New interventions are offered to children of divorced parents in Danish schools. Establishing conversation groups can be seen as part of this overall effort to increase pupils’ well-being. This new practice leads to new professional challenges when teachers facilitate group processes and call for in-depth studies of children’s own perspectives on their participation in these interventions. This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and asks the following research question: ‘How do children make sense of the professionals’ double role as both group leader and teacher when facilitating the conversation-groups in schools?’ The study draws on 23 interviews with children and observations in four conversation groups in Denmark. Theory of social representations is used as an analytical tool to explore the dilemmas of school interventions for children of divorced parents. The analysis presents three dominant themes: the group leader’s problematic double role, balancing the duty of confidentiality and trusting the group members. The analysis shows that children struggle to express feelings about their home situation in the school context. The importance of balancing the duty of confidentiality as a group leader is clearly reflected as a key factor, seen from the perspective of the child.
The National Cancer Institute’s Cancer Disparities Research Partnership Program: a unique funding model 20 years later
Authors: Coleman C Norman , Wong Rosemary , Petereit Daniel G , Maguire Patrick D , Heron Dwight E , Steinberg Michael , Bains Yadvindera , Vikram Bhadrasain , Angelis Patricia , Livinski Alicia A , Roach Mack , Govern Frank S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The burden of cancer and access to effective treatment are not experienced equally by all in the United States. For underserved populations that often access the health-care system when their cancers are in advanced disease stages, radiation oncology services are essential. In 2001, the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI’s) Radiation Research Program created and implemented the Cancer Disparities Research Partnership Program (CDRP). CDRP was a pioneering funding model whose goal was to increase participation of medically underserved populations in NCI clinical trials. CDRP’s Cooperative Agreement funding supported for awardees the planning, development, and conduct of radiation oncology clinical research in institutions not traditionally involved in NCI-sponsored research and cared for a disproportionate number of medically underserved, health-disparities populations. The awardee secured and provided support for mentorship from 1 of 2 NCI comprehensive cancer centers named in its application. Six CDRP awards were made over two 5-year funding periods ending in 2013, with the end-of-program accomplishments previously reported. With the current focus on addressing equity, diversity, and inclusion, the 6 principal investigators were surveyed, 5 of whom responded about the impact of CDRP on their institutions, communities, and personal career paths. The survey that was emailed included 10 questions on a 5-point Likert scale. It was not possible to collect patient data this long after completion of the program. This article provides a 20-year retrospective of the experiences and observations from those principal investigators that can inform those now planning, building, and implementing equity, diversity, and inclusion programs.
Is the co-option of jasmonate signalling for botanical carnivory a universal trait for all carnivorous plants?
Authors: Pavlovič Andrej , Koller Jana , Vrobel Ondřej , Chamrád Ivo , Lenobel René , Tarkowski Petr 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The carnivorous plants in the order Caryophyllales co-opted jasmonate signalling from plant defence to botanical carnivory. However, carnivorous plants have at least 11 independent origins, and here we ask whether jasmonate signalling has been co-opted repeatedly in different evolutionary lineages. We experimentally wounded and fed the carnivorous plants Sarracenia purpurea (order Ericales), Cephalotus follicularis (order Oxalidales), Drosophyllum lusitanicum (order Caryophyllales), and measured electrical signals, phytohormone tissue level, and digestive enzymes activity. Coronatine was added exogenously to confirm the role of jasmonates in the induction of digestive process. Immunodetection of aspartic protease and proteomic analysis of digestive fluid was also performed. We found that prey capture induced accumulation of endogenous jasmonates only in D. lusitanicum, in accordance with increased enzyme activity after insect prey or coronatine application. In C. follicularis, the enzyme activity was constitutive while in S. purpurea was regulated by multiple factors. Several classes of digestive enzymes were identified in the digestive fluid of D. lusitanicum. Although carnivorous plants from different evolutionary lineages use the same digestive enzymes, the mechanism of their regulation differs. All investigated genera use jasmonates for their ancient role, defence, but jasmonate signalling has been co-opted for botanical carnivory only in some of them.
A striking relationship between dust extinction and radio detection in DESI QSOs: evidence for a dusty blow-out phase in red QSOs
Authors: Fawcett V A , Alexander D M , Brodzeller A , Edge A C , Rosario D J , Myers A D , Aguilar J , Ahlen S , Alfarsy R , Brooks D , Canning R , Circosta C , Dawson K , de la Macorra A , Doel P , Fanning K , Font-Ribera A , Forero-Romero J E , Gontcho A Gontcho S , Guy J , Harrison C M , Honscheid K , Juneau S , Kehoe R , Kisner T , Kremin A , Landriau M , Manera M , Meisner A M , Miquel R , Moustakas J , Nie J , Percival W J , Poppett C , Pucha R , Rossi G , Schlegel D , Siudek M , Tarlé G , Weaver B A , Zhou Z , Zou H 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first eight months of data from our secondary target programme within the ongoing Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. Our programme uses a mid-infrared and optical colour selection to preferentially target dust-reddened quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) that would have otherwise been missed by the nominal DESI QSO selection. So far, we have obtained optical spectra for 3038 candidates, of which ∼70 per cent of the high-quality objects (those with robust redshifts) are visually confirmed to be Type 1 QSOs, consistent with the expected fraction from the main DESI QSO survey. By fitting a dust-reddened blue QSO composite to the QSO spectra, we find they are well-fitted by a normal QSO with up to AV ∼ 4 mag of line-of-sight dust extinction. Utilizing radio data from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) DR2, we identify a striking positive relationship between the amount of line-of-sight dust extinction towards a QSO and the radio detection fraction, that is not driven by radio-loud systems, redshift and/or luminosity effects. This demonstrates an intrinsic connection between dust reddening and the production of radio emission in QSOs, whereby the radio emission is most likely due to low-powered jets or winds/outflows causing shocks in a dusty environment. On the basis of this evidence, we suggest that red QSOs may represent a transitional ‘blow-out’ phase in the evolution of QSOs, where winds and outflows evacuate the dust and gas to reveal an unobscured blue QSO.
ATMOSPHERIX: II- Characterizing exoplanet atmospheres through transmission spectroscopy with SPIRou
Authors: Debras Florian , Klein Baptiste , Donati Jean-François , Hood Thea , Moutou Claire , Carmona Andres , Charnay Benjamin , Bézard Bruno , Fouqué Pascal , Masson Adrien , Vinatier Sandrine , Baruteau Clément , Boisse Isabelle , Bonfils Xavier , Chiavassa Andrea , Delfosse Xavier , Hebrard Guillaume , Leconte Jérémy , Martioli Eder , Ould-elkhim Merwan , Parmentier Vivien , Petit Pascal , Pluriel William , Selsis Franck , Teinturier Lucas , Tremblin Pascal , Turbet Martin , Venot Olivia , Wyttenbach Aurélien 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In a companion paper, we introduced a publicly available pipeline to characterize exoplanet atmospheres through high-resolution spectroscopy. In this paper, we use this pipeline to study the biases and degeneracies that arise in atmospheric characterization of exoplanets in near-infrared ground-based transmission spectroscopy. We inject synthetic planetary transits into sequences of SPIRou spectra of the well known M dwarf star Gl 15 A, and study the effects of different assumptions on the retrieval. We focus on (i) mass and radius uncertainties, (ii) non-isothermal vertical profiles, and (iii) identification and retrieval of multiple species. We show that the uncertainties on mass and radius should be accounted for in retrievals and that depth-dependent temperature information can be derived from high-resolution transmission spectroscopy data. Finally, we discuss the impact of selecting wavelength orders in the retrieval and the issues that arise when trying to identify a single species in a multispecies atmospheric model. This analysis allows us to understand better the results obtained through transmission spectroscopy and their limitations in preparation to the analysis of actual SPIRou data.
Detection, instance segmentation, and classification for astronomical surveys with deep learning (deepdisc): detectron2 implementation and demonstration with Hyper Suprime-Cam data
Authors: Merz Grant , Liu Yichen , Burke Colin J , Aleo Patrick D , Liu Xin , Carrasco Kind Matias , Kindratenko Volodymyr , Liu Yufeng 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The next generation of wide-field deep astronomical surveys will deliver unprecedented amounts of images through the 2020s and beyond. As both the sensitivity and depth of observations increase, more blended sources will be detected. This reality can lead to measurement biases that contaminate key astronomical inferences. We implement new deep learning models available through Facebook AI Research’s detectron2 repository to perform the simultaneous tasks of object identification, deblending, and classification on large multiband co-adds from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC). We use existing detection/deblending codes and classification methods to train a suite of deep neural networks, including state-of-the-art transformers. Once trained, we find that transformers outperform traditional convolutional neural networks and are more robust to different contrast scalings. Transformers are able to detect and deblend objects closely matching the ground truth, achieving a median bounding box Intersection over Union of 0.99. Using high-quality class labels from the Hubble Space Telescope, we find that when classifying objects as either stars or galaxies, the best-performing networks can classify galaxies with near 100 per cent completeness and purity across the whole test sample and classify stars above 60 per cent completeness and 80 per cent purity out to HSC i-band magnitudes of 25 mag. This framework can be extended to other upcoming deep surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time and those with the Roman Space Telescope to enable fast source detection and measurement. Our code, deepdisc, is publicly available at https://github.com/grantmerz/deepdisc.
Why should models of dwarf galaxy evolution care about the initial mass function at low star-formation rates?
Authors: Steyrleithner P , Hensler G 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
When star clusters are formed at low star-formation rates (SFRs), their stellar initial mass function (IMF) can hardly be filled continuously with stars at each mass. This lack holds for massive stars and is verified observationally by the correlation between star-cluster mass and its most massive cluster star. Since galaxy evolution is strongly affected by massive stars, numerical models should account for this lack. Because a filled IMF is mostly applied even when only fractions of massive stars form, here we investigate, by means of 3D chemo-dynamical simulations of isolated dwarf galaxies, how deviations from a standard IMF in star clusters affect the evolution. We compare two different IMF recipes, a filled IMF and one truncated at a maximum mass at which a single complete star forms. Attention is given to energetic and chemical feedback by massive stars. Since their energy release is mass-dependent but steeper than the negative IMF slope, the energetic feedback retains a positive mass dependence, so that a filled IMF regulates star formation (SF) more strongly than truncated IMFs, though only stellar number fractions exist. The higher SFR of the truncated IMF in the simulation leads to more Type II supernovae (SNeII), driving galactic winds. Whether this results from the model-inherent larger SFR is questioned and therefore explored analytically. This shows the expected result for the Lyman continuum, but that the total SNII energy release is equal for both IMF modes, while the power is smaller for the truncated IMF. Reasonably, the different IMFs leave fingerprints in the abundance ratios of massive to intermediate-mass star elements.