bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral distress in psychiatric nurses in Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Tavakol Nahid , Molazem Zahra , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Asemani Omid , Bagheri Shahpar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has put heavy pressure on nurses. Psychiatric nurses are also exposed to moral distress due to the special conditions of psychiatric patients and patient’s lack of cooperation in observing health protocols. This study has been conducted to explore and describe factors that caused moral distress in Iranian psychiatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodThis qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach involved 12 nurses at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran. This study was conducted in the winter of 2021. Data collection was performed by semi-structured interviews, data analysis was performed based on the five steps of Graneheim and Lundman.ResultsBy continuous comparison and integration of data, 17 subcategories, 8 subcategories, and 3 categories were extracted from 252 initial codes. The causes of moral distress in psychiatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified as emotional responses (Fear and Doubt), relational factors (Nurses’ Relationship with Each Other, Nurse-physician Relationship, and Relationship whit Patients), and Institutional factors (Lack of Attention to Health Instructions, Failure to complete the treatment process for patients and Institutional Policies).ConclusionNew dimensions of the causes of moral distress associated with the COVID- 19 pandemic are discovered in this study. Managers and planners should equip psychiatric hospitals with isolation facilities and Personal Protection Equipment for patients and nurses. Strengthening the ethical climate by improving communication skills and individual nursing empowerment to prevent moral distress is recommended.
Rasch validation of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) in community-dwelling adults
Authors: Deng Wei , Carpentier Sydney , Blackwood Jena , Van de Winckel Ann 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
With the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic and the recent political divide in the United States (US), there is an urgent need to address the soaring mental well-being problems and promote positive well-being. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) measures the positive aspects of mental health. Previous studies confirmed its construct validity, reliability, and unidimensionality with confirmatory factor analysis. Six studies have performed a Rasch analysis on the WEMWBS, and only one evaluated young adults in the US. The goal of our study is to use Rasch analysis to validate the WEMBS in a wider age group of community-dwelling adults in the US.

Methods
We used the Rasch unidimensional measurement model 2030 software to evaluate item and person fit, targeting, person separation reliability (PSR), and differential item functioning (DIF) for sample sizes of at least 200 persons in each subgroup.

Results
After deleting two items, the WEMBS analyzed in our 553 community-dwelling adults (average age 51.22 ± 17.18 years; 358 women) showed an excellent PSR = 0.91 as well as person and item fit, but the items are too easy for this population (person mean location = 2.17 ± 2.00). There was no DIF for sex, mental health, or practicing breathing exercises.

Conclusions
The WEMWBS had good item and person fit but the targeting is off when used in community-dwelling adults in the US. Adding more difficult items might improve the targeting and capture a broader range of positive mental well-being.
Four-way classification of Alzheimer’s disease using deep Siamese convolutional neural network with triplet-loss function
Authors: Hajamohideen Faizal , Shaffi Noushath , Mahmud Mufti , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Al Sariri Arwa , Vimbi Viswan , Abdesselam Abdelhamid ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes irreversible damage to several brain regions, including the hippocampus causing impairment in cognition, function, and behaviour. Early diagnosis of the disease will reduce the suffering of the patients and their family members. Towards this aim, in this paper, we propose a Siamese Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) architecture that employs the triplet-loss function for the representation of input MRI images ask-dimensional embeddings. We used both pre-trained and non-pretrained CNNs to transform images into the embedding space. These embeddings are subsequently used for the 4-way classification of Alzheimer’s disease. The model efficacy was tested using the ADNI and OASIS datasets which produced an accuracy of 91.83% and 93.85%, respectively. Furthermore, obtained results are compared with similar methods proposed in the literature.
The Arabidopsis holobiont: a (re)source of insights to understand the amazing world of plant–microbe interactions
Authors: Poupin M. J. , Ledger T. , Roselló-Móra R. , González B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs holobiont, a plant is intrinsically connected to its microbiomes. However, some characteristics of these microbiomes, such as their taxonomic composition, biological and evolutionary role, and especially the drivers that shape them, are not entirely elucidated. Reports on the microbiota of Arabidopsis thaliana first appeared more than ten years ago. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the vast amount of information that has been generated using this holobiont. The main goal of this review was to perform an in-depth, exhaustive, and systematic analysis of the literature regarding the Arabidopsis–microbiome interaction. A core microbiota was identified as composed of a few bacterial and non-bacterial taxa. The soil (and, to a lesser degree, air) were detected as primary microorganism sources. From the plant perspective, the species, ecotype, circadian cycle, developmental stage, environmental responses, and the exudation of metabolites were crucial factors shaping the plant–microbe interaction. From the microbial perspective, the microbe-microbe interactions, the type of microorganisms belonging to the microbiota (i.e., beneficial or detrimental), and the microbial metabolic responses were also key drivers. The underlying mechanisms are just beginning to be unveiled, but relevant future research needs were identified. Thus, this review provides valuable information and novel analyses that will shed light to deepen our understanding of this plant holobiont and its interaction with the environment.
A comprehensive review of attention tests: can we assess what we exactly do not understand?
Authors: Nasiri Ehsan , Khalilzad Mohammad , Hakimzadeh Zahra , Isari Ashkan , Faryabi-Yousefabad Sajjad , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Naseri Amirreza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAttention, as it is now defined as a process matching data from the environment to the needs of the organism, is one of the main aspects of human cognitive processes. There are several aspects to attention including tonic alertness (a process of intrinsic arousal that varies by minutes to hours), phasic alertness (a process that causes a quick change in attention as a result of a brief stimulus), selective attention (a process differentiating multiple stimuli), and sustained attention (a process maintaining persistence of response and continuous effort over an extended period). Attention dysfunction is associated with multiple disorders; therefore, there has been much effort in assessing attention and its domains, resulting in a battery of tests evaluating one or several attentional domains; instances of which are the Stroop color-word test, Test of Everyday Attention, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. These tests vary in terms of utilities, range of age, and domains. The role of attention in human life and the importance of assessing it merits an inclusive review of the efforts made to assess attention and the resulting tests; Here we highlight all the necessary data regarding neurophysiological tests which assess human attentive function and investigates the evolution of attention tests over time. Also, the ways of assessing the attention in untestable patients who have difficulty in reading or using a computer, along with the lack of ability to comprehend verbal instructions and executive tasks, are discussed. This review can be of help as a platform for designing new studies to researchers who are interested in working on attention and conditions causing deficits in this aspect of body function, by collecting and organizing information on its assessment.
Measuring and modeling the effects of vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate and laryngeal muscles
Authors: Huffman William J. , Musselman Eric D. , Pelot Nicole A. , Grill Warren M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Reduced heart rate (HR) during vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is associated with therapy for heart failure, but stimulation frequency and amplitude are limited by patient tolerance. An understanding of physiological responses to parameter adjustments would allow differential control of therapeutic and side effects. To investigate selective modulation of the physiological responses to VNS, we quantified the effects and interactions of parameter selection on two physiological outcomes: one related to therapy (reduced HR) and one related to side effects (laryngeal muscle EMG).

Methods
We applied a broad range of stimulation parameters (mean pulse rates (MPR), intra-burst frequencies, and amplitudes) to the vagus nerve of anesthetized mice. We leveraged the in vivo recordings to parameterize and validate computational models of HR and laryngeal muscle activity across amplitudes and temporal patterns of VNS. We constructed a finite element model of excitation of fibers within the mouse cervical vagus nerve.

Results
HR decreased with increased amplitude, increased MPR, and decreased intra-burst frequency. EMG increased with increased MPR. Preferential HR effects over laryngeal EMG effects required combined adjustments of amplitude and MPR. The model of HR responses highlighted contributions of ganglionic filtering to VNS-evoked changes in HR at high stimulation frequencies. Overlap in activation thresholds between small and large modeled fibers was consistent with the overlap in dynamic ranges of related physiological measures (HR and EMG).

Conclusion
The present study provides insights into physiological responses to VNS required for informed parameter adjustment to modulate selectively therapeutic effects and side effects.
Degenerative changes through MR cartilage mapping in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees
Authors: Mabrouk Alaa M. , Abd El Raaof Maha M. , Hemaida Tarek W. , Bassiouny Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury increases risk for post traumatic knee osteoarthritis. ACL injury causes lack of knee stability and frequently requires ACL-reconstruction (ACLR) in order to restore functional and anatomical joint stability. Magnetic resonance imaging with T2 mapping sequence is used to quantify the amount of water content in articular cartilage hence; it is considered a better tool and more beneficial than radiographic based assessment in early detection even before being symptomatic. The aim of work is to estimate the incidence of subclinical degenerative changes that happened early in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction and to identify the correlations of T2 mapping values with patients' BMI, meniscal state/operations, ACL graft assessment and presence of ACLR related complications.

Results
The study was conducted upon 71 patients, divided into 61 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees and 10 control cases using 1.5 T MRI. Assessment of cartilage sub-compartment T2 values and comparison with average normal cartilage T2 values obtained from the control group. Multiple correlations of the grade of articular cartilage degeneration within anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees with Body Mass Index (BMI), time of operation as well associated meniscal operations and anterior cruciate ligament graft complications.

Conclusions
Adding the T2 cartilage mapping sequence improves the ability to detect subclinical early degenerative articular cartilage changes in patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, taking into consideration the relation of the patients' BMI, previous meniscal injuries/operation, ACL graft status and related graft complications with the T2 cartilage mapping values.
Effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio and aeration rate on phosphorus and exchangeable cation contents and their leaching in the soil during olive pomace and turkey manure co-composting
Authors: Aboutayeb Rachid , El-Mrini Soufiane , Zouhri Abdeljalil , Azim Khalid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe environmental issues related to olive oil by-products and turkey manure are continuously increasing. This ecological hazard could be mitigated by the composting process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the initial carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) and aeration rate (turning frequency (TF)) on mineral contents (P, K, Ca, and Na) and their leaching in the soil surface. Olive pomace (OP) and turkey manure (TM) were co-composted to prepare six mixtures at three levels of initial C/N (20, 22, and 28) and two levels of TF (once and twice a week). The results revealed a substantial effect of TF, twice a week, resulting in a loss of 36.5%, 36%, and 27% for K, Ca, and Na contents, respectively, whereas TF, once a week, preserves the maximum of nutrients in heaps with good compost maturity.The initial C/N of 28 had significantly reduced P and K by 14% and 13%, respectively, and had increased Ca and Na contents by 85% and 30 %, respectively. The leaching of almost all the studied minerals has been demonstrated after composting. Exchangeable cations have been leached more under heaps with higher C/N ratios with TF of once per week, whereas P leaching has been recorded at the maximum level under the heap with an initial C/N of 20 and turned twice weekly. The resulting composts have generally displayed good mineral quality.
Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Zeiser Robert 
Published: February 2023

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology , to patients seen in their own clinical practice. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an immune-mediated disease that ensues after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation often affecting multiple organs, decreases quality of life, and necessitates immunosuppressive therapy. The current standard first-line cGVHD therapy is glucocorticoids (GCs) which have major side effects. So far, all attempts to improve response to first-line GC therapy of cGVHD by adding other agents, such as mycophenolate mofetil, or cyclosporine A have not improved response. The data reported in the trial by Miklos et al indicate that ibrutinib should not be added to GC in first-line cGVHD therapy. The findings instruct future studies that aim at the identification of patients with cGVHD who may benefit from a GC-ibrutinib combination using biomarkers or clinical parameters. Currently, ibrutinib, ruxolitinib, and belumosudil are the only drugs that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for steroid-refractory cGVHD. In light of the current standard management of cGVHD, the trial results indicate that ibrutinib will remain reserved for second-line therapy, which may be due to its mechanisms of action. The recommendation on the basis of this trial is that GC monotherapy remains the standard therapy for cGVHD.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Adverse Cerebrovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Banerjee Mainak , Pal Rimesh , Mukhopadhyay Satinath , Nair Kirthana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains undetermined.

Objective
To pool effects of GLP-1RAs on adverse cerebrovascular outcomes and investigate impact of baseline variables on these effects.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registry websites were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ≥24 weeks duration in adults with T2DM (PROSPERO: CRD42022331547). Adjudicated cerebrovascular events in GLP-1RA treatment vs control arms were pooled together to calculate risk ratios (RR) using fixed-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed based on individual drugs, treatment duration, and baseline patient characteristics. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE framework.

Results
We identified 28 RCTs involving 74 148 patients (57% male; median [range], age 58 [52-67] years, BMI 32 [25.4-37.2] kg/m2, T2DM duration 9 [3.5-15.4] years, treatment duration 52 [24-259] weeks). GLP-1RA use in T2DM was associated with significantly decreased risk of adverse cerebrovascular outcomes vs placebo/active comparator (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.91; I2 = 0%). Pooling data from cardiovascular outcome trials (n = 8), GLP-1RA treatment vs placebo was associated with reduced risk of nonfatal stroke (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94; I2 = 0%) but not fatal stroke (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.61-1.05; I2 = 0%). GLP-1RA use was associated with reduced risk of ischemic stroke (RCTs = 12; RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.89; I2 = 0%), composite of ischemic stroke/TIA (RCTs = 16; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65-0.90; I2 = 0%), but not hemorrhagic stroke (RCTs = 3; RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.51-1.64; I2 = 0%). Treatment benefits differed according to baseline eGFR and diabetes duration (P interaction &lt; .1). Benefits were statistically significant for dulaglutide, subcutaneous/oral semaglutide (P &lt; .05). Sensitivity analysis, excluding shorter-acting lixisenatide, eliminated the heterogeneity between individual GLP-1RA effects.

Conclusion
GLP-1RAs, particularly longer-acting formulations, reduced ischemic cerebrovascular events in T2DM. Observed benefits were significantly higher in patients with shorter T2DM duration and higher eGFR.
Hemichorea Associated With Nonketotic Hyperglycemia
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Ma Choudi , Zhi Lijin , Wei Xiaodan , Luo Jiaxin , Liang Chanbo , Tan Jieping , Zhou Haihong , Wu Jiayuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Hemichorea associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia (HC-NH) is a rare diabetic complication for which the pathogenesis remains unclear.

Objective
This study reported 16 cases of HC-NH to improve the understanding of the disease and avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Methods
Data of 16 patients with HC-NH in a single center from 2000 to 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and the relevant literature was reviewed.

Results
The participants (8 men and 8 women) had a mean age of 67.6 ± 16.4 years. Bilateral limbs were involved in 2 cases, and the others had hemichorea (6 in the left side and 8 in the right side). The average random blood glucose level was 17.51 ± 7.67 mmol/L, and the glycated hemoglobin A1c level was 11.9%±3.1% at admission. Eleven patients had a history of diabetes, and the other 5 patients were diagnosed with new-onset diabetes mellitus, but no remarkable differences were observed in the presentation or treatment of chorea. Ketonuria was detected in 7 patients. The basal ganglia (putamen, globus pallidus, and caudate nucleus) of 9 cases had typical hyperdensity on computed tomography and/or hyperintensity signals from magnetic resonance imaging. The chorea symptoms of 15 patients improved within 5.0 ± 1.9 days after treatment.

Conclusion
This study provides additional valuable information about the clinical and neuroimaging features of HC-NH. We hypothesize that chronic ischemia of the basal ganglia due to cerebral atherosclerosis combined with hyperglycemia is associated with HC-NH.
Forms of Life
Authors: Wenzel Jennifer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis essay discusses “Forms of Life” in two senses: first, infrastructure as a social process that fosters particular forms of collective life and second, the agency/vitality imputed to infrastructure. The essay considers an unremarked ambivalence in energy humanities about infrastructure: the extant infrastructure of fossil fuels poses an obstacle to energy transition, while the act of making infrastructure visible and “following the pipeline” is regarded by incisive petrocritics as necessary but insufficient. What do cooling towers, electric pylons, or railways make happen (or keep from happening), socially and narratively, when they “work” or when they're hacked? In other words, is there a narrative grammar of infrastructure? How much has to happen for nothing to happen? And how do cultural texts differ from built environments in thinking infrastructure as a form of life? China Miéville's story “Covehithe” mobilizes the literary imagination to depict sunken oil platforms as revenant and reproductive organisms that pose new questions about relationships among humans, nature, and technology, and about the care, responsibility, and politics such forms of life demand. This weird tale doubles as documentation of dead infrastructure: its platform characters are actual rigs that litter sea beds around the world. What imaginative or conceptual forms, then, can help us grasp infrastructure's forms of life? This question is particularly urgent with regard to fossil infrastructure, which here names not only infrastructure that processes, circulates, or depends on fossil fuels but also infrastructure that is archaic, obsolete, and otherwise tethered to the past, standing as an obstacle to transition.
Cognitive Performance in Patients With Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Fan Zhiyuan , Fan Zhen , Li Zongze , Zhang Hongfei , Hu Liuxun , Qiu Tianming , Zhu Wei 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
To date, few data are available on the cognitive function of patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) before treatment.

OBJECTIVE:
To provide a cognitive profile of patients with VS.

METHODS:
This cross-sectional observational study recruited 75 patients with an untreated VS and 60 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy control subjects. A set of neuropsychological tests were administered to each participant.

RESULTS:
Compared with the matched controls, patients with VS exhibited impaired general cognitive function, memory, psychomotor speed, visuospatial ability, attention and processing speed, and executive function. The subgroup analyses displayed that patients with severe-to-profound unilateral hearing loss were more cognitively impaired than patients with no-to-moderate unilateral hearing loss. In addition, patients with right-sided VS scored worse than those with left-sided VS on tests of memory, attention and processing speed, and executive function. No differences were observed in cognitive performance between patients with or without brainstem compression and those with or without tinnitus. We also found that worse hearing and longer hearing loss duration were associated with poorer cognitive performance in patients with VS.

CONCLUSION:
The findings of this study provide evidence for cognitive impairment in patients with untreated VS. It can thus be said that including cognitive assessment in the routine clinical management of patients with VS may facilitate more appropriate clinical decision-making and improve patients' quality of life.