bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T cell maturation: thymocyte and thymus migrant subpopulations defined with monoclonal antibodies to MHC region antigens.
Authors: Scollay R , Jacobs S , Jerabek L , Butcher E , Weissman I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The maturation sequences of thymocytes is known to some extent: A generative layer of subcapsular large lymphoblasts gives rise to a major population of small cortical thymocytes and a minor population of midsize medullary thymocytes. The relative contribution of these three populations to the peripheral T cell populations is not yet known. In this study, subcapsular lymphoblasts, cortical small cells, medullary cells, and thymic emigrant cells have all been analyzed by immunofluorescence for expression of the antigens H-2D, I-A, H-2K, and TL. H-2D is expressed brightly on all subcapsular large cells, dimly on cortical small cells, and brightly on all migrants, cortisone-resistant thymocytes (CRT), and peripheral T cells. I-A can be detected at low levels on 30 to 50% of cells in all the thymic subpopulations, and on 30 to 50% of migrants and peripheral T cells. Fifty to 80% of small cortical cells do not express detectable H-2K, but all the other subpopulations, both inside and outside the thymus, stain uniformly quite brightly. TL3 is expressed on 70 to 80% of subcapsular and cortical thymocytes, 30 to 40% of CRT, is undetectable on migrants but can be seen at low levels on 10 to 20% of spleen and lymph node T cells. The possibility that some or all of these antigens represent stable markers of separate lineages rather than unstable, stage-specific markers is discussed.
C5a induced tracheal contraction: a histamine independent mechanism.
Authors: Regal J F , Eastman A Y , Pickering R J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C5a, a peptide derived from the fifth component of complement, caused significant prolonged smooth muscle contraction in isolated guinea pig trachea. Diphenhydramine, a histamine receptor antagonist of the H1 type, had no effect on either the rate, amplitude or duration of C5a induced tracheal contraction, whereas it significantly inhibited the tracheal response to exogenous histamine. Diphenhydramine also caused a significant delay in the response to compound 48/80 in normal guinea pig trachea and to antigen in actively sensitized trachea, indicating that the antihistamine was capable of inhibiting tracheal contractions to endogenously released histamine. C5a induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction was also unaffected by antagonists of H2, muscarinic cholinergic and alpha adrenergic receptors. These results indicate that C5a induced tracheal contraction is independent of histamine and is potentially a mediator of allergic bronchospasm.
Suppression of the benzylpenicilloyl- (BPO) specific IgE formation with isologous anti-idiotypic antibodies in BALB/c mice.
Authors: Blaser K , Nakagawa T , de Weck A L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In vivo effects of actively produced or passively administered isologous anti-idiotypic antisera (aId) on the benzylpenicilloyl- (BPO) specific IgE and IgG formation in BALB/c mice have been studied. Isologous anti-BPO aId were raised in BALB/c mice by immunization with purified anti-BPO antibodies isolated from ascites induced with BPO-bovine gamma-globulin in the same mouse strain. Mice producing isologous anti-BPO aId exhibited long-term suppression of BPO-specific IgE and IgG antibody responses induced by BPO-ovalbumin (BPO-OVA) in aluminum hydroxide. Simultaneously, they produced increased amounts of anti-BPO aId after each challenge with the BPO-OVA antigens. Passive administration of isologous anti-BPO aId into syngeneic mice previously sensitized with BPO-OVA caused depression of BPO-specific IgE antibody levels for 2 to 3 weeks. When anti-BPO IgE had again reached its previous level, passively administered aId had decreased to the level of untreated mice. Passive administration of anti-BPO aId also depressed the primary anti-BPO IgE formation for 2 to 3 weeks. In all these experiments the IgE antibody formation against the carrier proteins used for BPO-antigens was not affected. These results show that IgE and IgG antibodies share major idiotypic determinants and that IgE production is accessible to regulation by aId.
The murine B cell response to TNP-polyacrylamide beads: the relationship between the epitope density of the antigen and the requirements for T cell help and surface IgD.
Authors: Puré E , Vitetta E S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells were cultured with high or low epitope TNP-polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAB) in order to investigate the effect of epitope density on the requirements for T cell help and surface IgD on responding B cells. The response to low epitope density TNP-PAB was abolished by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 and complement, whereas approximately 50% of the response to high epitope density TNP-PAB was retained after similar treatment. Thus, an increase in epitope density resulted in a decreased requirement for T cell help. An increase in epitope density was also associated with a decreased requirement for interaction of antigen and surface IgD as determined by "blocking" studies with anti-delta; further, the majority of the T-independent portion of this response was not blocked by anti-delta antibodies. This finding indicate that the T-independent portion of the anti-TNP response does not require interaction of antigen with surface IgD on B cells. These results are discussed in terms of differential cross-linking of IgM and IgD receptors on B cells by multivalent antigens.
Fc receptors of a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line: evidence for two types of receptors defined by binding of the staphylococcal protein A-IgG1 complex.
Authors: Crabtree G R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The specificity and kinetics of binding of purified monomeric human and murine myeloma immunoglobulins to Fc receptors were studied in a human promyelocytic cell line (HL-60). HL-60 cells contain approximately 20,000 Fc receptors per cell and bind human IgG1, IgG3 and mouse IgG2a with high affinity (dissociation constant of 5 to 10 nM). Kinetic studies of the binding of IgG1 to HL-60 cells demonstrate rapid exchange with ambient immunoglobulin with approximately one-half of the surface-bound IgG1 exchanging every 25 to 30 min at 37 degrees C. Estimation of the equilibrium binding constant from the rates of association and dissociation of IgG1 agrees well with the values obtained from Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding of radioiodinated IgG1. Approximately one-half of the Fc receptors of HL-60 cells are capable of binding IgG1 complexed to Protein A. This result was independent of the concentration of Protein A (0.5 to 200 microM) or the time of incubation of IgG1 with Protein A. Studies in which Protein A was incubated with HL-60 cells at 37 degrees C then rapidly washed at 0 degrees C indicated that Protein A did not degrade Fc receptors or interact with the Fc receptor sites on HL-60 cells. The complexes formed between Protein A and IgG1 sedimented at 7 to 9S by ultracentrifugation. These results suggest that there are two types of Fc receptors on HL-60 cells, which can be distinguished by their ability to bind the IgG1-Protein A complex.
Size separation and polyclonal activation to immunoglobulin secretion of early precursors of B lymphocytes.
Authors: Deslauriers-Boisvert N , Mercier G , Lafleur L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In adult mammals the bone marrow is a major site of B lymphocyte production, which occurs through the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. In vivo studies have permitted the description of intermediate stages of differentiation. Following the recent development of culture conditions and the discovery of many polyclonal activators, it is now possible to carry out in vitro a finer analysis of B lymphocyte precursors differentiation. Because in vivo studies have shown that precursors vary in size, adult murine bone marrow cells were separated according to size. Fractions were cultured with polyclonal mitogens and tested for their capacity to develop into Ig-secreting cells. With this assay system, up to six populations were detected in adult bone marrow that can differentiate along the B cell lineage. The characterization of those populations was made according to size, mitogen(s) responsiveness, and kinetics of maturation. Precursor frequencies estimated by limiting dilution analysis further suggest that in cultures of some fractions of the gradient, new lymphocytes are produced through differentiation of immature precursors, although in cultures of some other fractions B lymphocytes may arise by self-renewal of mature cells.
Thymic hormonal activity on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. II. Enhancement of the production of immune interferon by activated cells.
Authors: Shoham J , Eshel I , Aboud M , Salzberg S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The thymic extract TP-1 significantly enhanced the production of immune interferon (IF) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Con A- or Raji- but not PHA-induced cultures. TP-1 effect was more pronounced under conditions of low IF production. The effect was evident before cell proliferation took place and without necessary concurrent effect of TP-1 on the blastogenic response. TP-1 had no detectable effect on nonactivated cultures. The enhancement of IF production by TP-1 to the degree demonstrated here necessitates consideration of its possible effects in every assay of thymic hormones that involves lectin or allogeneic stimulation of lymphocytes.
Molecular diversity of secretory IgA anti-DNP antibodies elicited in rat bile.
Authors: Montgomery P C , Lemaître-Coelho I M , Vaerman J P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dinitrophenylated-type III pneumococcus has been used to induce biliary IgA anti-DNP antibody responses in rats. A solid phase radioimmunoassay was employed to quantitate the biliary IgA anti-DNP antibodies after subcutaneous, i.v., or intragastric immunization. All routes were shown to effectively elicit biliary IgA antibody responses. The microscale sucrose isoelectric focusing technique was employed to assess molecular diversity of the secretory IgA anti-DNP antibodies in bile. Subcutaneous and intragastric immunization resulted in complex antibody spectrotypes whereas i.v. immunization yielded restricted antibody spectrotypes, demonstrating that the route of immunization influenced the molecular diversity of the biliary secretory IgA antibodies. These findings are discussed in terms of mechanisms governing the induction of secretory antibodies.
In vitro immune response of human peripheral lymphocytes. V. PHA- and protein A-induced human B colony formation and analysis of the subpopulations of B cells.
Authors: Muraguchi A , Kishimoto T , Kuritani T , Watanabe T , Yamamura Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human B colony formation was observed with PHA or protein A as a mitogen. Preculture of B cells with mitogens in the presence of irradiated T cells for 3 days was a prerequisite for the induction of B cell colonies. About 300 to 700 colonies per 10(6) seeded cells were detected and a linear relationship between the number of cells seeded and the number of colonies developed was observed. Cells in PHA-induced colonies had surface IgM and/or IgD but no cytoplasmic Ig, whereas cells recovered from protein A-induced colonies had cytoplasmic Igs that were not only IgM but IgG and IgA. In each of the protein A-induced colonies, a sequential appearance of IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-producing cells was observed from day 3 to day 5, showing that IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-producing cells were derived from a single precursor cell. PHA and protein A had an additive effect on the number of colonies induced. About 50% of colonies induced in the presence of both PHA and protein A had Ig-producing cells. These results suggest that PHA and protein A may stimulate distinct subsets of B cells into colony formation.
Transfer of natural resistance to Marek's disease (JMV) with nonimmune spleen cells. II. Further characterization of protecting cell population.
Authors: Lam K M , Linna T J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from 8-week-old, nonimmunized donor chickens can transfer resistance to a supralethal dose of the JMV leukemia line of Marek's disease (MD) to newly hatched, highly susceptible, histocompatible recipients. The population of cells transferring resistance has previously been shown to be non-T, non-B, and nonmacrophage in nature. We present data here showing that heavily x-irradiated spleen cells were unable to protect recipients from leukemia challenge. Both complement receptor-bearing and -lacking cells could confer resistance to newly hatched recipients. Fc receptor-bearing cells conferred significant protection to recipients, whereas spleen cells depleted of Fc receptor-bearing cells were unable to protect chickens from death after JMV challenge. This indicates that the population of spleen cells, which is moderately radiosensitive and which possesses Fc receptors, is responsible for the transfer of natural resistance to the malignancy in vivo.
Polyclonal activation of human lymphocytes in vitro. I. Characterization of the lymphocyte response to a T cell-independent B cell mitogen.
Authors: Schuurman R K , Gelfand E W , Dosch H M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The staphylococcal cell wall component protein A (SpA) and formalinized, Cowan I strain Staphylococcal organisms (STA) were compared with the lectins phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen for their ability to trigger proliferation of normal human lymphocytes, lymphocyte subpopulations, and cells from patients with primary immune deficiency diseases. SpA was found to be a potent T cell mitogen, very similar to the other lectins tested. It failed to stimulate purified non-T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with different forms of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). STA, treated to prevent the leakage of soluble SpA during culture, exclusively stimulated non-T cells: the responding cell population was characterized to be E-rosette negative but positive for C3 receptors, surface Ia, a receptor for STA itself, and likely carried surface immunoglobulin. Normal responses to STA were found in patients with the adenosine deaminase-positive form of SCID. In 18 patients with humoral immune deficiency syndromes, the presence of STA responses was correlated with the presence of circulating, surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. A commercial STA preparation was rendered B cell specific after reformalinization, a procedure that eliminated the shedding of soluble SpA under culture conditions.
Effects of thymectomy or androgen administration upon the autoimmune disease of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.
Authors: Steinberg A D , Roths J B , Murphy E D , Steinberg R T , Raveche E S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
MRL/lpr and NZB X NZW F1 mice were neonatally thymectomized or treated with androgens from 2 weeks of age, and their natural histories were studied. Neonatal thymectomy of MRL/lpr mice led to marked reduction in the usual massive lymphadenopathy as well as significant reduction in antibodies to native DNA and prolonged survival. In contrast, neonatal thymectomy of NZB X NZW F1 mice led to accelerated disease. Androgen therapy of both mice led to reduced anti-DNA and prolonged survival. This occurred in the MRL/lpr mice without significant reduction in lymphadenopathy. Taken together, these studies suggest that different T cell abnormalities may underlie the development of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr and NZB X NZW F1 mice, but that disease may be expressed through a common androgen-sensitive pathway.
The effect of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies on the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of normal and neoplastic murineB cells.
Authors: Isakson P C , Krolick K A , Uhr J W , Vitetta E S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In these studies, we have compared the effects of anti-mu and anti-delta antibodies on normal and neoplastic murine B cells. Spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice or from mice carrying the BCL1 tumor were treated with F(ab')2 fragments of affinity purified anti-mu or anti-delta antibodies and the effec of the antibodies on cell proliferation was assessed. F(ab)'2 fragments of both antibodies induced proliferation of normal adult B cells but inhibited (anti-mu) or had no effect (anti-delta) on proliferation of BCL1 cells. In addition, both antibodies further enhanced the LPS-induced proliferative response of cells from adult mice. In contrast, the LPS responses of neonatal cells and BCL1 cells were inhibited by F(ab')2 anti-mu antibodies. These data indicate that interaction of antibody with surface IgD as well as surface IgM can activate adult B cells. In addition, the results provide further evidence that BCL1 cells are neoplastic analogs of immature B cells since the tumor cells, like neonatal cells, are not activated after treatment with anti-Ig antibodies.
A predominant idiotype on anti-hen egg white lysozyme antibodies from diverse mouses strains.
Authors: Benjamin C D , Miller A , Sercarz E E , Harvey M A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A predominant idiotype was detected on almost all antibody molecules directed against the multideterminant antigen, hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). This idiotypic set was defined by rabbit and quinea pig antiidiotypic antisera raised against a rare cross-reactive antibody population isolated and from a heterogeneous BALB/c anti-human lysozyme (HUL) humoral response. This isiotype was fond on the majority of all HEL-reactive antibody from all strain tested; its presence was independent of Ig-1 allotype of H-2 haplotype. The idiotype was also present on the majority of anti-HEL antibody from nonresponder mice immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin coupled to HEL. The idiotype was not found on normal mouse immunoglobulin or on antibodies specific to two other proteins, HUL and ribonuclease, which are similar to HEl in size and charge. Individual idiotype-positive anti-HEL antibody populations exhibited specificity differences when analyzed for reactivity toward other avian lysozymes, suggesting that distinct clonal products shared the idiotype specificities. Fractionation of heterogeneous anti-HEL antibodies by preparative isoelectric focusing yielded distinct antibody fractions that were demonstrated to share the relevant idiotype determinants. The data are discussed in terms of the HEL peptide specificites of idiotype-positive and -negative antibodies.
The mouse-primed lymphocyte typing test. III. Dissociation of T lymphocyte-stimulating determinants and antibody-defined specificities of the I region-associated Ia antigens.
Authors: Peck A B , Klein J , Wigzell H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mouse-primed lymphocyte typing (mPLT) assay, based on the sequential reactivation of specific immunocompetent alloantigen-reactive T blast cells in secondary mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) has been utilized to define the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I region-, or Class II-associated lymphocyte-stimulating (LS) determinants. The test panel of secondary stimulating cells has been expanded to include 28 B10.W lines (mouse strains carrying MHC regions derived from wild mice); thus, nearly 40 "independently derived" MHC haplotypes are now represented. Data obtained by using mPLT cells generated in primary MLC between I-AB or I-EC subregion disparate strain combinations reveal that 1) an absolute correlation between expression of the serologically defined Ia specificities and capacity to induce subsequent secondary MLC does not exist; 2) based on the apparent genetic derivations of the I-AB and I-EC subregions, T lymphocytes most likely recognize either the beta-chain per se or an interaction product of the alpha- plus beta-chains; and 3) multiple restimulations of mPLT cells with cells expressing cross-reactive serologically defined Ia specificities fail to select for cells with increased reactivity against shared specificities. Based on these observations, we conclude that t and B lymphocytes recognize different antigenic moieties expressed on the MHC Class II antigens.
Relative susceptibilities of T cell subsets involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells to the in vitro action of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide.
Authors: Kaufmann S H , Hahn H , Diamantstein T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, a derivative of cyclophosphamide, in aqueous solution yields 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which acts on lymphocytes in vitro. This compound was employed to determine the relative susceptibilities of T cell subsets involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in vitro. The following ranking order could be established: precursors of suppressor T cells &gt; antigen-activated suppressor T cells &gt; T cells mediating DTH. These data provide direct in vitro evidence that the enhancement of the cellular immune response to sheep red blood cells by cyclophosphamide is due to selective inactivation of suppressor T cells or their precursors, respectively.
Isolation and characterization of feline C3 and evidence for the immune complex pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis.
Authors: Jacobse-Geels H E , Daha M R , Horzinek M C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Infections of cats with feline peritonitis (FIP) virus are usually inapparent but may lead to fatal polyserositis. We have recently advanced the hypothesis that immune complexes play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the condition. To support this hypothesis, the role of the third component of complement in FIP was investigated. In the present paper, the isolation of C3 from normal cat serum and some of its physical and immunologic properties are described. The final protein had an apparent m.w. of 185,000 and was composed of 2 polypeptide chains with m.w. of 128,000 and 71,000, respectively. When tested against whole cat serum, an antiserum raised in rabbits against purified C3 recognized only 1 protein whose identity with C3 was established. With the aid of this antiserum, depositions of C3 in renal glomeruli of FIP-affected cats were demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Their localizaton coincided with that of deposited IgG, thereby supporting the concept of an immune complex pathogenesis of FIP.
Free sulfhydryl groups of rabbit secretory IgA.
Authors: Elliott B W , Friedenson B , Knight K L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The reaction of sIgA with 5,5'dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) or with 14C-iodoacetamide revealed an average of 1 mol -SH per mol sIgA under nondenaturing conditions, whereas an average of 7.5 mol -SH was found under denaturing conditions. These -SH groups were found in both the sIgA-f and sIgA-g subclasses; in the sIgA-g subclass, the free -SH groups were found in the Fab alpha portion but not in the Fc alpha portion of the molecule. To determine whether the noncovalently bound polypeptide chains in sIgA contained free -SH groups, sIgA was alkylated with 14C-iodoacetamide and subjected to gel filtration in 6 M guanidine-HCl. This treatment liberated several different polypeptides that were identified as secretory component (SC), L chain dimers, and L chain monomers; measurement of radioactivity incorporated in each of these noncovalently bound chains showed that SC and the L chain dimers did not contain free -SH groups but that an average of 1 -SH group per L chain monomer was found. Of the covalently bound polypeptide chains, J chain and SC did not have detectable -SH groups, whereas the L chains and alpha-chains had 0.3 and 1.2 mol -SH per mol protein, respectively. The identification of free -SH groups in the Fab portion of the sIgA-g subclass and their preferential localization within only some of the L chains reflect the structural heterogeneity of sIgA; these -SH groups presumably arise during biosynthesis.