bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of RNA helicases with unwinding activity on angiogenin-processed tRNAs
Authors: Drino Aleksej , König Lisa , Capitanchik Charlotte , Sanadgol Nasim , Janisiw Eva , Rappol Tom , Vilardo Elisa , Schaefer Matthias R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Stress-induced tRNA fragmentation upon environmental insult is a conserved cellular process catalysed by endonucleolytic activities targeting mature tRNAs. The resulting tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have been implicated in various biological processes that impact cell-to-cell signalling, cell survival as well as gene expression regulation during embryonic development. However, how endonuclease-targeted tRNAs give rise to individual and potentially biologically active tsRNAs remains poorly understood. Here, we report on the in vivo identification of proteins associated with stress-induced tsRNAs-containing protein complexes, which, together with a ‘tracer tRNA’ assay, were used to uncover enzymatic activities that can bind and process specific endonuclease-targeted tRNAs in vitro. Among those, we identified conserved ATP-dependent RNA helicases which can robustly separate tRNAs with endonuclease-mediated ‘nicks’ in their anticodon loops. These findings shed light on the existence of cellular pathways dedicated to producing individual tsRNAs after stress-induced tRNA hydrolysis, which adds to our understanding as to how tRNA fragmentation and the resulting tsRNAs might exert physiological impact.
Distinctly localized lipid phosphate phosphatases mediate endoplasmic reticulum glycerolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Nguyen Van C , Nakamura Yuki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Inter-organelle communication is an integral subcellular process in cellular homeostasis. In plants, cellular membrane lipids are synthesized in the plastids and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the crosstalk between these organelles in lipid biosynthesis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that a pair of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) with differential subcellular localizations is required for ER glycerolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). LPPα2 and LPPε1, which function as phosphatidic acid phosphatases and thus catalyze the core reaction in glycerolipid metabolism, were differentially localized at ER and chloroplast outer envelopes despite their similar tissue expression pattern. No mutant phenotype was observed in single knockout mutants; however, genetic suppression of these LPPs affected pollen growth and ER phospholipid biosynthesis in mature siliques and seeds with compromised triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Although chloroplast-localized, LPPε1 was localized close to the ER and ER-localized LPPα2. This proximal localization is functionally relevant, because overexpression of chloroplastic LPPε1 enhanced ER phospholipid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis similar to the effect of LPPα2 overexpression in mature siliques and seeds. Thus, ER glycerolipid metabolism requires a chloroplast-localized enzyme in Arabidopsis, representing the importance of inter-organelle communication in membrane lipid homeostasis.
Glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus regulate isoflurane anesthesia in mice
Authors: Yin Jianyin , Qin Jie , Lin Zhaojing , Li Aiyuan , Liu Damin , Jiang Yurong , Zhao Qiuni , Chen Liang , Liu Chengxi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe glutamatergic–mediated excitatory system in the brain is vital for the regulation of sleep–wake and general anesthesia. Specifically, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), which contains mainly glutamatergic neurons, has been shown to play a critical role in sleep–wake. Here, we sought to explore whether the PVH glutamatergic neurons have an important effect on the process of general anesthesia. We used c‐fos staining and in vivo calcium signal recording to observe the activity changes of the PVH glutamatergic neurons during isoflurane anesthesia and found that both c‐fos expression in the PVH and the calcium activity of PVH glutamatergic neurons decreased in isoflurane anesthesia and significantly increased during the recovery process. Chemogenetic activation of PVH glutamatergic neurons prolonged induction time and shortened emergence time from anesthesia by decreasing the depth of anesthesia. Using chemogenetic inhibition of PVH glutamatergic neurons under isoflurane anesthesia, we found that inhibition of PVH glutamatergic neurons facilitated the induction process and delayed the emergence accompanied by deepening the depth of anesthesia. Together, these results identify a crucial role for PVH glutamatergic neurons in modulating isoflurane anesthesia.
The Incidence and Disparities in Use of Stigmatizing Language in Clinical Notes for Patients With Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Weiner Scott G. , Lo Ying-Chih , Carroll Aleta D. , Zhou Li , Ngo Ashley , Hathaway David B. , Rodriguez Claudia P. , Wakeman Sarah E. 
Published: January 2023

Objective
The language used to describe people with substance use disorder impacts stigma and influences clinical decision making. This study evaluates the presence of stigmatizing language (SL) in clinical notes and detects patient- and provider-level differences.

Methods
All free-text notes generated in a large health system for patients with substance-related diagnoses between December 2020 and November 2021 were included. A natural language processing algorithm using the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s “Words Matter” list was developed to identify use of SL in context.

Results
There were 546,309 notes for 30,391 patients, of which 100,792 (18.4%) contained SL. A total of 18,727 patients (61.6%) had at least one note with SL. The most common SLs used were “abuse” and “substance abuse.” Nurses were least likely to use SL (4.1%) while physician assistants were most likely (46.9%). Male patients were more likely than female patients to have SL in their notes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.17; 95% confidence internal [CI], 1.11–1.23), younger patients aged 18 to 24 were less likely to have SL than patients 45 to 54 years (aOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.50–0.61), Asian patients were less likely to have SL than White patients (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.36–0.56), and Hispanic patients were less likely to have SL than non-Hispanic patients (aOR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.98).

Conclusions
The majority of patients with substance-related diagnoses had at least one note containing SL. There were also several patient characteristic disparities associated with patients having SL in their notes. The work suggests that more clinician interventions about use of SL are needed.
Examining Efficiency in Open-Bay and Single-Family Room NICU Designs
Authors: Fay Lindsey , Real Kevin , Haynes Shannon , Daneshvar Zahra 
Published: January 2023

Background:
There is growing awareness of the relationship between physical work environments and efficiency. Two conflicting factors shape efficiency in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment: the move to single-family rooms (SFRs) and increased demand for care, requiring growth in unit size.

Purpose:
The goal of this research was to understand the impact of SFR NICUs on efficiency factors such as unit design, visibility and proximity, staff time, and workspace usage by various health professionals.

Methods:
A pre-/postoccupancy evaluation assessed a NICU moving from an open-bay to an SFR unit composed of 6 neighborhoods. A NICU patient care manager and researchers in design and communication implemented a multimethodological design using staff surveys, observations, and focus groups.

Results:
Outcomes revealed SFR NICUs contribute to increased efficiency and overall satisfaction with design. Outside of staff time spent in patient rooms, decentralized nurse stations were the most frequented location for staff work, followed by huddle stations, medication and supply rooms, and corridors. Work at the observed locations was largely performed independently. Survey outcomes reported increased feelings of isolation, but focus groups revealed mixed opinions regarding these concerns.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Design solutions found to enhance efficiency include a neighborhood unit design, standardized access to medications and supplies, and proximity of supplies, patient rooms, and nurse workstations. Although feelings of isolation were reported and most staff work was done independently in the patient room, the SFR unit might not be the culprit when considered alongside staff's desire to be closer to the patient room.
Factors Influencing Parents' Perception of Their Infants' Transition From a 6-Bed Pod to Single Family Room in a Mixed-Room Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Crump Laura , Gosselin Émilie , D'addona Melissa , Feeley Nancy 
Published: January 2023

Background:
While hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), infants and their families undergo multiple transitions, and these have been found to be a source of stress for families. Although mixed-room NICU designs allow for infants to benefit from different room types as their needs evolve during their stay, these can necessitate a transfer from one room type to another, which represents a transition for families. As some NICUs change to mixed-room designs, there is a need to better understand the factors impacting these particular transitions from the perception of parents.

Purpose:
Examine parent perceptions of factors affecting the transition from a 6-bed pod to single family room in a mixed-room design NICU.

Methods:
Using a qualitative descriptive design, semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 parents whose infant had transitioned from a 6-bed pod to single family room. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and then analyzed using content analysis.

Results:
Four categories of factors were identified: (1) framing, timing, and comprehensiveness of information provided by staff regarding the transition; (2) parents' perception of advantages and disadvantages of the new space; (3) parent's own well-being and quality of support from staff; and (4) parent's previous NICU and parenting experience.

Implications for Practice:
Staff should frame the information they provide about this transition in a positive way to help parents adjust. A family-centered approach should also be used to provide tailored information and support to individual families.

Implications for Research:
Future studies are needed into intraunit transfers including sources of support for parents, as well as staff perceptions of these transitions.
Efficacy and safety of elinzanetant, a selective neurokinin-1,3 receptor antagonist for vasomotor symptoms: a dose-finding clinical trial (SWITCH-1)
Authors: Simon James A. , Anderson Richard A. , Ballantyne Elizabeth , Bolognese James , Caetano Cecilia , Joffe Hadine , Kerr Mary , Panay Nick , Seitz Christian , Seymore Susan , Trower Mike , Zuurman Lineke , Pawsey Steve 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
Neurokinin (NK)-3 and NK-1 receptors have been implicated in the etiology of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and sleep disturbances associated with menopause. This phase 2b, adaptive, dose-range finding study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of multiple doses of elinzanetant (NT-814), a selective NK-1,3 receptor antagonist, in women experiencing VMS associated with menopause, and investigate the impact of elinzanetant on sleep and quality of life.

Methods
Postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years who experienced seven or more moderate-to-severe VMS per day were randomized to receive elinzanetant 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg or placebo once daily using an adaptive design algorithm. Coprimary endpoints were reduction in mean frequency and severity of moderate-to-severe VMS at weeks 4 and 12. Secondary endpoints included patient-reported assessments of sleep and quality of life.

Results
Elinzanetant 120 mg and 160 mg achieved reductions in VMS frequency versus placebo from week 1 throughout 12 weeks of treatment. Least square mean reductions were statistically significant versus placebo at both primary endpoint time points for elinzanetant 120 mg (week 4: −3.93 [SE, 1.02], P < 0.001; week 12: −2.95 [1.15], P = 0.01) and at week 4 for elinzanetant 160 mg (−2.63 [1.03]; P = 0.01). Both doses also led to clinically meaningful improvements in measures of sleep and quality of life. All doses of elinzanetant were well tolerated.

Conclusions
Elinzanetant is an effective and well-tolerated nonhormone treatment option for postmenopausal women with VMS and associated sleep disturbance. Elinzanetant also improves quality of life in women with VMS.
Racial and ethnic differences in aortic stenosis: the tip of the iceberg
Authors: Hassan Syed M. Ali , Ghunaim Abdullah , Verma Raj , Sicilia Amanda , Yanagawa Bobby 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
There is a lack of data on the epidemiology and management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in diverse populations. We summarize the contemporary literature on the racial and ethnic differences in AS prevalence, treatment and outcomes and discuss possible explanations for these disparities to inform future research and improve the delivery of care to under-represented patient groups.

Recent findings
African American (AA) patients have significantly less prevalence of severe AS than White patients whereas paradoxically having higher traditional risk factors for severe AS. Non-White patients have less referral for aortic valve replacement (AVR) after adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are both underutilized in non-White patients. Differences in race and ethnicity have not shown to result in worse in-hospital and long-term survival outcomes after either SAVR or TAVR.

Summary
Much research is warranted to explore the epidemiology, true prevalence and treatment outcomes of severe AS in diverse populations. Greater inclusion of non-White ethnic groups in the primary analysis of prospective trials is needed. Lastly, further research is warranted to explore the complex causes of racial and ethnic disparities in utilization of surgical and transcatheter interventions.
Radio-adaptive Response Induced by Low-dose Ionizing Radiation in Innate Immunity for Radiotherapy
Authors: Hussien Soha M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRadio-adaptive response (RAR) is a mechanism by which low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) protect cells from subsequent high doses. This study aimed to compare the immuno-radiological effects of 0.25, 0.5, and 5 Gy to 0.25 or 0.5 Gy as priming and 5 Gy as challenging doses. Thirty-five rats were irradiated whole-body with 0.25 and 0.5 Gy followed by 5 Gy, and the same single IR doses with non-irradiated animals serving as controls. Serum interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured 4 d post both priming and challenge doses. A 0.25-Gy priming dose significantly (P< 0.05) reduced serum TNF-α, MDA, and NO levels compared to all single-irradiated groups. Surprisingly, there was no difference in IFN-γ serum levels between the RAR-induced and non-irradiated groups (P≥ 0.05). Compared to the same low priming dose (0.25 and 0.5 Gy), the effect of the challenging dose (5 Gy) remains unchanged or decreases. Serum IFN-γ, MDA, and NO concentrations, on the other hand, were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in the 0.5 Gy pre-challenging dose, whereas IL1β had no effect (P≥ 0.05) compared to 5 Gy alone. The post-RAR group had significantly (P< 0.05) lower oxidative stress indicators than the other irradiation groups. The findings suggested that priming with low IR could help mitigate the negative effects on the hematopoietic system. Finally, RAR has significantly impacted endogenous cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, and lipid peroxidation parameters. RAR can improve patients' radiological safety profiles by mitigating adverse radiotherapy effects.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Measurements of Lifetime Doses in Teeth of Durham Region Residents, Ontario
Authors: Ghimire Lekhnath , Waller Edward 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) and Ontario Power Generation (OPG) determined the total dose contribution of nuclear power plants in Durham Region populations by analyzing environmental samples from the surrounding areas of both nuclear generating stations (Pickering and Darlington). However, the total doses from the various sources were unknown in Durham Region populations, Ontario. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry with tooth enamel has been successfully established as an effective tool for gamma dose assessment for chronic and acute exposures in individuals, groups, or populations to reconstruct the absorbed dose down to 30 mGy. This study collected the extracted teeth from people of different ages in Durham Region, Ontario, and analyzed them using the x-band continuous wave (CW) EPR spectrometer. The total dose rate from the natural and anthropogenic sources was 1.9721 mSv y−1. The anthropogenic dose rate from the various sources was 0.6341 mSv y−1, about 47.39% of the natural background dose (1.338 mSv y−1) in Durham Region, Ontario. The combined anthropogenic doses from these sources were lower than the local background dose in Durham Region and lower than the regulatory annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv y−1 in Canada. Based on these data, this study concluded that the anthropogenic dose contribution was lower than the regulatory limit to the local populations.
The Dose Spiking Technique for Measuring Low Doses in Deciduous Teeth Enamel Using EPR Spectroscopy for Retrospective and Accident Dosimetry
Authors: Ghimire Lekhnath , Waller Edward 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dose estimation by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been accomplished using the standard EPR dosimetry technique (ISO protocol 13304-1 for EPR retrospective dosimetry). However, different studies showed that these techniques have high measurement errors in measuring the low doses (10–100 mGy) in enamel. This work proposes a new method to make a dosimetric signal visible and measurable at low doses. The sample was purified using both chemical and mechanical processes. The pure sample mass and position and the EPR acquisition parameters were optimized to enhance the spectrometer's sensitivity for the quantitative low dose measurements. At the same time to reduce errors from the sample and spectrum anisotropy, the total doses (low plus spike) and the spike dose (4 Gy) were measured by rotating 0 to 360 degrees (i.e., 40 degrees at a time) relative to constant magnetic field direction using a goniometer. Subsequently, the spectra were averaged after their g-factor normalization. However, at low doses (<30 mGy), the radiation induced signal (RIS) was obscured by the background signal (BGS). So, the dose spiking technique was used as an alternative method. Ten low-dose deciduous molar tooth enamel (10–100 mGy) samples were spiked to the higher doses by delivering 4 Gy and measured using the X-band continuous wave (CW) EPR (Bruker EMXmicro) spectrometer. The total dose EPR signal was distinctly visible, and the peak-to-peak (P2P) amplitude height was measured. Then, the total dose was subtracted with the spike, often called a reference sample, to determine the initial low doses. The measurement errors using this method were lower than the previous methods. These results demonstrated that this method could be promising for solving low dose measurement problems in EPR dosimetry with deciduous and permanent tooth enamel.
Vision rehabilitation in glaucoma patients
Authors: Shi Angell , Salim Sarwat 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Vision rehabilitation services are important but underutilized resources for patients with glaucoma. Glaucoma and its impact on vision can affect patients’ abilities to read and drive, two activities of daily living that are associated with quality of life and functional independence. In this review, we provide an overview of low vision, discuss barriers to vision rehabilitation, and outline various strategies and interventions to optimize visual function and quality of life in patients with glaucoma.

Recent findings
Studies have shown that glaucoma negatively impacts reading, driving and overall quality of life. Decreased visual acuity, visual field loss and reduced contrast sensitivity play a role. Low vision services and interventions can help patients maximize visual function and improve their quality of life. Barriers to receiving these services exist at multiple levels and an increased awareness and integration into routine ophthalmic care are needed to deliver comprehensive care.

Summary
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of low vision. Ophthalmologists who treat glaucoma often tend to focus on objective measures to monitor progression and disease severity, but the functional impact of glaucoma should also be addressed. Low vision services can benefit patients, particularly for reading and driving, and should be considered as an essential component of patient care.
Artificial iris: state of the art
Authors: Gius Irene , Tozzi Luigi , De Biasi Chiara Sofia , Pizzolon Tobia , Parolini Barbara , Frisina Rino 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Surgical correction of traumatic aniridia aims to improve quality of vision, compartmentalize anterior and posterior chamber, re-establish a satisfying cosmetic appearance. Various types of prosthetic iris devices (PIDs) are available, that differ in technical difficulty of implant and design: artificial iris-intraocular lens (AI-IOL) prosthesis, endocapsular capsular tension ring based PID, and customized AI. The choice depends to the pre-existing clinical condition after severe ocular trauma and on patient’s functional and cosmetic expectations. This systematic review of literature compared anatomical and functional outcomes of various types of PIDs. Of 185 articles found in literature, 70 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. 5 subgroups of PIDs were: Opthech, Artificial Iris from the Ophtec, Morcher, Humanoptics and ‘other prosthesis’. Both glare and aesthetic outcome improved after surgery; in comparison to other PIDs, intraocular pressure (IOP) rise incidence was higher in the Morcher group (40%), whereas prosthesis dislocation incidence was higher in the Ophtech group (39%).