bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screw-wormchrysomyabezzianamyasis of native animals in Dyiala provinces 'Iraq
Authors: Al- zubaidei. Haleem Hamza hussien 
Published: August 2023

The study aimedtodetermine the prevalence of Old world screw fly (OWS) flyinfectionin Diyala province .Iraq. A total of 188 native animals were examine (cattle, sheep, goat, horses ) varying ages in different regions of the province by weekly vests to the veterinary hospital in Diyala during the period from November 2014 to March 2015.The 36 domestic animals were infected from total No. 188 animals examined with percentage rate 20% from the total inspected animals with significant difference p≤ 0.05 .The monthly OWS larvae's infection show highly infestation rate in November 44% from total inspected animals while the lowest rate in February was 0% . The animals kinds givevaryingrates of OWS infectionduring the study period. The highly rate in sheep 23% and the lowest rate in goat 12% from the 36 infected animals. And about the body regions the legs show highest rate 53% from the infected animals while the lowest rate in back region in rate 5% only without significant difference p≤ 0.05 between the different body regions.
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Zakat dengan Teknologi Blockchain
Authors: Musana Kholid 
Published: August 2023

Dengan potensi zakat yang begitu besar untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat, pengelolaan zakat saat ini di Indonesia masih belum optimal. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas lembaga zakat, tata kelola yang baik merupakan faktor penting. Sebagai organisasi publik, kinerja lembaga zakat khususnya dalam administrasi dan pelayanan merupakan indikator meningkatnya kepercayaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peluang penerapan blockchain pada pengelolaan zakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi pustaka pada topik zakat dan blockchain di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menekankan adanya tantangan dan mengusulkan starategi dalam pengelolaan zakat dengan blockchain. Dalam hal ini, peran amil zakat dan muzakki menjadi kunci dalam pelaksanaan zakat menggunakan teknologi blockchain dalam pengelolaan zakat yang berkualitas, efisien, akuntabel, dan profesional dalam menyalurkan zakat ke asnaf. Penerapan teknologi Blockchain dalam pengelolaan zakat dapat melacak status dana zakat dan membuat proses distribusi dan transaksi dana menjadi transparan. Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan tatakelola zakat di Indonesia dengan memberikan strategi bagi semua stakeholders zakat seperti pemerintah, kementrian Agama, Baznas, organisasi masyarakat, dan lembaga pengelola zakat.
Breaking the NCAA's Two-Tiered System: Attaining Full Scholarships for Equivalency Sport Athletes
Authors: Corbett Mason 
Published: August 2023

In June of 2021, the Supreme Court released the Alston decision, invalidating NCAA restrictions on educational-related benefits for Division I football, men’s basketball, and women’s basketball student-athletes. Alston laid the groundwork for future challenges to NCAA rules, with Justice Kavanaugh explicitly encouraging further challenges to NCAA rules in his concurring opinion. This Comment reviews NCAA rules limiting the number of scholarships below the number of scholarship roster spots for certain sports. If these rules were challenged under the Alston framework, they likely would not stand up under the antitrust review for NCAA rules established by Alston.
Furthermore, this Comment suggests that the limits on scholarships below the amount of scholarship roster spots should be removed, while the number of scholarship roster spots should remain. Additionally, no school would be forced to add more scholarships to these programs, and individual conferences could choose to impose scholarship limits if they felt it was necessary to preserve competitiveness within the conference. These changes would allow equivalency sport athletes to receive full scholarships while ameliorating some of the financial and competitive challenges resulting from this kind of change.
Extinction or Bust: Improving Species Recovery Under the Endangered Species Act by Amending the Funding Allocation and Recovery Planning Processes
Authors: Hayashi Max 
Published: August 2023

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (“ESA”) is among the most powerful environmental statutes passed in U.S. history and serves as a blueprint for government-sanctioned conservation efforts globally. At its core, the ESA seeks to protect listed plant and animal species by prohibiting actions that harm their chances of survival. While the ESA has generally succeeded in pursuing this goal as implemented, it has also led to a host of problems that undermine its effectiveness and generated widespread discontent among conflicting, disparate stakeholders, including environmentalists, industry groups, government agencies, and private landowners. Criticisms of the ESA generally focus on several issues including its procedural inconsistency and the perceived indiscriminate harshness of its land-use restrictions. However, the greatest shortcoming of the ESA underpins all these concerns: its failure to achieve its stated objective of widespread and efficient species recovery. As climate change, habitat destruction, and other major, anthropogenic threats to biodiversity continue to mount on a global scale, the need to preserve biodiversity for present and future generations, as well as the attendant ecological, economic, and cultural benefits, is greater than ever.
This Comment contends that the ESA is a critical statute whose failure to achieve species recovery is not only its greatest weakness but also its greatest opportunity for reform. The Comment begins by exploring why the ESA has thus far failed to achieve widespread species recovery, in particular the issues of insufficient funding and the legal unenforceability of recovery plans. Next, this Comment argues that the ESA can achieve higher rates of species recovery through basic, common-sense changes to the present ESA. These measures include (1) establishing a recovery budgeting committee that analyzes the effectiveness of prescribed management actions and recommends allocation of funding based on a comprehensive framework and (2) amending the ESA to make adherence to management actions in recovery plans binding on the acting agency, with procedures for revising management actions in the face of new information. The Comment concludes by charging that in strengthening the ESA’s commitment to recovery, the Act may function more effectively while reconciling the interests of juxtaposed stakeholders.
Discretionary Disfunction and Shivers v. United States: Consequences of Assuming the Intent of Congress
Authors: Garza Emily B. 
Published: August 2023

The discretionary function exception is a powerful departure from the Federal Tort Claims Act’s general waiver of sovereign immunity. This exception applies where government employees commit a tort while acting within the discretion of their position. While there has been a lengthy and varying jurisprudential history surrounding the application of the discretionary function exception, neither the Supreme Court nor Congress has addressed whether violations of constitutional rights fall within the scope of a discretionary act.
This lack of clarity proved harmful for individuals like Mackie Shivers in Shivers v. United States because the discretionary function exception swallowed his claim for relief even though his Eighth Amendment rights were violated. This Note analyzes the error of that approach to constitutional claims and the discretionary function exception through the context of the Shivers decision and calls for an amendment to the exception clearly stating that violations of constitutional rights are not discretionary.
The intonation of prose and ways of expressing it
Authors: Марьяновская Е.Л. 
Published: August 2023

Интонация художественного текста формируется, прежде всего, за счет выразительности синтаксиса и пауз, играющих зачастую смыслообразующую роль в пространстве текста. В статье на примере фрагментов художественных произведений автор рассматривает феномен интонации и образующей ее паузы, которая не только поддерживает ритм, но и обеспечивает единство формы и содержания, а значит, и реализацию поэтической функции. Декодирование имплицитного смысла формальных и содержательных пауз принципиально важно для переводчика, так как позволяет подобрать способы их выражения на языке перевода.
The intonation of prose is realized first and foremost due to the expressiveness of syntax and pausation, which acquires a semantic function in a literary text. The article focuses on the phenomenon of intonation and pausation as an inseparable component of it, responsible for creating rhythm and form-content fusion. With this in view, the author of the article analyses severalexamples to show the realization of the poetic function via a pause in the text. Exploring the implied meaning of the formal and semantic pauses is of paramount importance for a translator, because it facilitates the search for adequate equivalents in the target language.
Retrospective Analysis of Our Experience with Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Our Intensive Care Unit
Authors: KART Kenan , ATEŞ Alpay , ARIKAN Müge 
Published: August 2023

Aim: Percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) application has advantages such as being able to be applied at the bedside in a short time and less bleeding. It is frequently preferred in intensive care units with indications such as prolonged artificial respiration requirement, facilitating weaning, and providing emergency airway. It is an alternative method to surgical tracheostomy. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the percutaneous tracheostomy cases we performed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in the last three years.
Material and Methods: Patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy in the 3rd Level our Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were examined. Demographic data of the patients, diagnosis of hospitalization, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score (APACHE II score), hospitalization time, intubation time, time from intubation to tracheostomy, early and late complications of tracheostomy were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Ninety-seven patients were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 77.6±10.9 (range, 41-100) years and the female-male ratio was 40/57. The most common hospitalization diagnosis was neurological reasons (54.6%). The patients were intubated for 20.3±7.9 (range, 7-48) days and the total length of stay in the ICU 65.3±30.3 (range, 17-175) days. The number of patients who developed complications related to the PT procedure was 17 (12.9%).
Conclusion: Percutaneous tracheotomy, which is performed in the ICU with indications such as the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation, facilitating weaning, and providing an emergency airway, is a simple, minimally invasive procedure with a low complication rate.
Ganglion Cell Layer, Inner Plexiform Layer, and Choroidal Layer Correlate Better with Disorder Severity in ADHD Patients than Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: KARA Mahmut Zabit , ÖRÜM Mehmet Hamdi , KARADAĞ Ayşe Sevgi , KALENDEROĞLU Aysun 
Published: August 2023

Aim: To assess the thickness of the choroidal layer, inner plexiform layer (IPL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, we used a spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT) device. The CPRS-48 was performed to the ADHD group.
Results: Both groups consisted of 60 subjects. There were significant differences in NS segment of RNFL (right p=0.039; left p=0.035). The mean right choroidal thickness of ADHD group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.015). The left GCL and IPL volumes of ADHD group were significantly lower than the control group (p
Catalog of Integrated-light Star Cluster Light Curves in TESS
Authors: Wainer Tobin M. , Zasowski Gail , Pepper Joshua , Wagg Tom , Hedges Christina L. , Poovelil Vijith Jacob , Fetherolf Tara , Davenport James R. A. , Christodoulou P. Marios , Dinsmore Jack T. , Patel Avi , Goold Kameron , Gibson Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the first integrated-light, TESS-based light curves for star clusters in the Milky Way, Small Magellanic Cloud, and Large Magellanic Cloud. We explore the information encoded in these light curves, with particular emphasis on variability. We describe our publicly available package elk, which is designed to extract the light curves by applying principal component analysis to perform background light correction and incorporating corrections for TESS systematics, allowing us to detect variability on timescales shorter than ∼10 days. We perform a series of checks to ensure the quality of our light curves, removing observations where systematics are identified as dominant features, and deliver light curves for 348 previously cataloged open and globular clusters. Where TESS has observed a cluster in more than one observing sector, we provide separate light curves for each sector (for a total of 2204 light curves). We explore in detail the light curves of star clusters known to contain high-amplitude Cepheid and RR Lyrae variable stars, and we confirm that the variability of these known variables is still detectable when summed together with the light from thousands of other stars. We also demonstrate that even some low-amplitude stellar variability is preserved when integrating over a stellar population.
Stable Fiber-illumination for Extremely Precise Radial Velocities with NEID
Authors: Kanodia Shubham , Lin Andrea S. J. , Lubar Emily , Halverson Samuel , Mahadevan Suvrath , Bender Chad F. , Logsdon Sarah E. , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Ninan Joe P. , Stefánsson Gumundur , Monson Andrew , Schwab Christian , Roy Arpita , Paredes Leonardo A. , Golub Eli , Higuera Jesus , Klusmeyer Jessica , McBride William , Blake Cullen , Diddams Scott A. , Grisé Fabien , Gupta Arvind F. , Hearty Fred , McElwain Michael W. , Rajagopal Jayadev , Robertson Paul , Terrien Ryan C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
NEID is a high-resolution red–optical precision radial velocity (RV) spectrograph recently commissioned at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, Arizona, USA. NEID has an extremely stable environmental control system, and spans a wavelength range of 380–930 nm with two observing modes: a High Resolution mode at R ∼ 112,000 for maximum RV precision, and a High Efficiency mode at R ∼ 72,000 for faint targets. In this paper we present a detailed description of the components of NEID’s optical fiber feed, which include the instrument, exposure meter, calibration system, and telescope fibers. Many parts of the optical fiber feed can lead to uncalibratable RV errors, which cannot be corrected for using a stable wavelength reference source. We show how these errors directly cascade down to performance requirements on the fiber feed and the scrambling system. We detail the design, assembly, and testing of each component. Designed and built from the bottom-up with a single-visit instrument precision requirement of 27 cm s−1, close attention is paid to the error contribution from each NEID subsystem. Finally, we include the lab and on-sky tests performed during instrument commissioning to test the illumination stability, and discuss the path to achieving the instrumental stability required to search for a true Earth twin around a solar-type star.
Exploring Stellar Cluster and Feedback-driven Star Formation in the Galactic Mid-infrared Bubble [HKS2019] E70
Authors: Verma Aayushi , Sharma Saurabh , Mallick Kshitiz K. , Dewangan Lokesh , Ojha Devendra K. , Yadav Ram Kesh , Pandey Rakesh , Ghosh Arpan , Kaur Harmeen , Panwar Neelam , Chand Tarak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of the Galactic mid-infrared bubble [HKS2019] E70 (E70) by adopting a multiwavelength approach to understand the physical environment and star formation scenario around it. We identified a small (radius ∼1.7 pc) stellar cluster inside the E70 bubble, and its distance is estimated as 3.26 ± 0.45 kpc. This cluster is embedded in the molecular cloud and hosts massive stars, as well as young stellar objects (YSOs), suggesting active star formation in the region. The spectral type of the brightest star (M1) of the E70 cluster is estimated as O9V, and a circular ring/shell of gas and dust is found around it. The diffuse radio emission inside this ring/shell, the excess pressure exerted by the massive star M1 at the YSO’s core, and the distribution of photodissociation regions, a class I YSO, and two ultracompact H ii regions on the rim of this ring/shell clearly suggest positive feedback of the massive star M1 in the region. We also found a low-density shell-like structure in the 12CO(J = 1–0) molecular emission along the perimeter of the E70 bubble. The velocity structure of the 12CO emission suggests that the feedback from the massive star appears to have expelled the molecular material, and the subsequent swept-up material is what appears as the E70 bubble.
Screening and Referral Strategies for the Early Recognition of Psoriatic Arthritis Among Patients With Psoriasis: Results of a GRAPPA Survey
Authors: Song Kaiyang , Webb Louisa , Eder Lihi , FitzGerald Oliver , Goel Niti , Helliwell Philip S. , Katz Arnon , Merola Joseph F. , Rosen Cheryl F. , Coates Laura C. , Poddubnyy Denis 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the experiences of dermatologists and rheumatologists in the early recognition of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to identify potential improvements to the current shared-care model.MethodsA 24-question survey addressing referral strategies was constructed by the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) project steering committee and sent to all members (n = 927). Questions addressed the use of screening tools, frequency of PsA in patients with psoriasis, therapeutic decision making, and suggestions for earlier PsA recognition and current unmet needs.ResultsThere were 149 respondents (16.1% response rate), which included 113 rheumatologists from 37 countries and 26 dermatologists from 16 countries. Of the dermatologists, 81% use PsA-specific screening instruments. Conversely, rheumatologists reported that only 26.8% of patients referred to them from all sources had been assessed with screening tools. Although dermatologists reported that a mean of 67% of suspected PsA cases were confirmed, rheumatologists reported a mean of 47.9% of confirmed cases. Both specialties reported similar views regarding optimization of the diagnostic process and indicated that the best approach involved combining patient-reported (ie, screening tools) and physician-confirmed findings. Moreover, both specialties identified the education of primary care physicians (PCPs) and dermatologists as the greatest priority to improve PsA screening.ConclusionThe survey indicated the current unmet needs in the early recognition of PsA. Important areas to address include improving the use of screening instruments, increasing the education of community-based dermatologists and PCPs, and using a combination of patient-reported and physician-confirmed findings in the screening approach.
Expérimentation d’une séquence didactique trilingue en contexte immersif en basque : des éléments pour un dialogue avec la règle du sept de la sociodidactique des langues
Authors: Manterola Ibon , Aldekoa Ana 
Published: August 2023

Cet article vise à montrer les résultats de l’expérimentation d’une séquence didactique (SD) trilingue basque-espagnol-anglais en contexte de scolarisation immersive en basque. Egalement, l’article vise à souligner la pertinence de la règle du sept de la sociodidactique de langues (Dolz 2019). La recherche se base sur la perspective théorique de genres textuels en tant qu’objets didactiques pour l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de l’expression orale et écrite. Cette recherche adopte une vision de l’alternance linguistique contrôlée et planifiée, au service des processus de transfert interlinguistique. Le texte ciblé au cours de la SD est l’exposé oral combinant le basque, l’espagnol et l’anglais. L’expérimentation de la SD s’est déroulée dans un contexte sociolinguistique où l’espagnol prédomine comme langue de socialisation des élèves. L’analyse contrastive entre les productions initiales et finales de la SD montre une amélioration des capacités textuelles-discursives trilingues. En outre, une étude initiale des gestes didactiques de l’enseignante signale les possibilités de l’alternance linguistique comme facilitateur des transferts interlinguistiques. L’article remarque la contribution des sept principes de la sociodidactique des langues : ils permettent d’expliquer le fonctionnement du système didactique et de développer une ingénierie didactique plurilingue en contextes multilingues, et plus précisément, en contextes de revitalisation de langues minorisées.
Pharmaceutical standardization of Amrita Bhallataka Rasayana: A compound polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation
Authors: Mundadiya Yagnik D , Chaudhari Swapnil Y , Patgiri Biswa Jyoti 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Amrita Bhallataka Rasayana (ABR) is one such Ayurvedic polyherbal compound formulation containing Bhallataka as an integral component. It is mainly indicated for rejuvenating purpose. An interesting fact in the preparation of ABR is the quantity of sugar that is to be added as per our convenience and the form of finished product (Avaleha or Ghrita). Earlier research scholars have kept this formulation as Ghrita (medicated ghee) or Avaleha (medicated semisolid preparation) dosage form as the amount of Ghrita is more in this formulation but Paka is to be done as per Avaleha dosage form. Hence, it becomes difficult to prepare and standardize such formulations. To validate the standard manufacturing process (SMP) and quality standards of Amrita Bhallataka Rasayana.

METHODS:
A total of three batches of ABR were prepared and subjected to organoleptic, physicochemical, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and nutritional analysis to generate an analytical profile of ABR. In phytochemical qualitative analysis, the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins was assessed by using appropriate qualitative testing methods.

RESULTS:
Using pertinent physicochemical criteria in accordance with the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India, an analysis of raw and Shodhita Bhallataka was conducted. The alkaline pH value of ABR may be observed due to protein-tannins complexes between milk and oil of Bhallataka. HPTLC was done to develop a chromatographic pattern of three samples of ABR. The average water-soluble extractive of ABR was 54.14%, whereas alcohol-soluble extractive was 19.93%.

CONCLUSION:
The method of preparation given in the current study for ABR may be considered standard. These preliminary parameters may be helpful as standards for further studies as they are not mentioned in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. This study may provide certain leads toward using different proportions of sugar in the preparation of ABR.