bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Frequency Combs with Few‐kHz Passive Stability over an Ultrabroadband Spectral Range
Authors: Hutter Sarah R. , Seer Ali , König Tilman , Herda Robert , Hertzsch Daniel , Kempf Hannes , Wilk Rafal , Leitenstorfer Alfred 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFemtosecond frequency combs are among the most precise measurement tools in existence. They have applications ranging from high‐precision spectroscopy and metrology to time‐domain quantum physics. Maximizing the passive stability of these instruments is essential to achieve their full potential in fundamental science and high‐tech industry. However, the noise mechanisms across the entire operating space of these devices have not been fully characterized. Here the noise properties of fiber‐based frequency combs are studied as a function of intracavity dispersion, pump power, and repetition rate. Distinct minima are discovered in this parameter space where the free‐running linewidth of the carrier‐envelope offset (CEO) frequency fCEO drops below 1 kHz. The individual comb lines are analyzed spread over a wide spectral range producing a complete understanding of the particular contributions to the phase noise and their interplay. Exploiting these findings, combs featuring sharp teeth at specific frequency positions and over the entire spectrum from fCEO to 300 THz are demonstrated. The ultrabroadband stability offered by these compact systems provides a new level of quality for front‐end measurement tasks in both time and frequency domains.
Corrosion behavior of HR3C austenitic stainless steel in supercritical water near the critical point
Authors: Chen Hongsheng , Zhang Tengfei , Luo Jiandong , Tang Rui , Leng Xuesong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of HR3C stainless steel was investigated in supercritical water near the critical point. Results show that HR3C steel displays an unusual weight change behavior. Traditional weight gain behavior is detected in the initial corrosion stage because of the formation of spinel oxide scale and crater‐like Nb‐rich oxides. The detaching of crater‐like Nb‐rich oxides results in weight loss behavior during the middle corrosion stage. After 1200 h exposure, the diffusion‐controlled growth of outer Fe2O3 particles leads to the reoccurring of weight gain behavior. The formation of crater‐like Nb‐rich oxides is closely associated with the primary Z‐phase precipitates.
Rationalizing the Effect of the MAA/PEGMA Ratio of Comb‐Shape Copolymers Synthetized by Aqueous Free‐Radical Copolymerization in the Hydration Kinetics of Ordinary Portland Cements
Authors: Beldarrain Sara , Barquero Aitor , Goracci Guido , Dolado Jorge S. , Leiza Jose Ramon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMethacrylic acid‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate) (MAA‐co‐PEGMA) copolymers (MPEG‐type polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers) are characterized by a comb‐like structure. Although they have been used for years as dispersants in cementitious formulations, their structure–property relationship is still not fully understood. In this work, PCEs with uniform composition and different charge‐density (N) or different side chain lengths (P) are synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization varying the MAA/PEGMA ratios and ethylene oxide units in the PEGMA macromonomers. The effect of these copolymers on the hydration kinetics of an Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is analyzed, and it is observed that by increasing the PCE concentration the hydration is delayed. For a given PCE concentration, the delay is longer as the MAA/PEGMA ratio increases or the side chain length of the PEGMA decreases. The hydration delay is proportional to the carboxylate dosage and all PCEs fit in a master curve proving that the microstructure of the PCEs synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization can be correlated with the hydration delay of a commercial OPC.
Nanofibrous Polymeric Membranes for Air Filtration Application: A Review of Progress after the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Scaffaro Roberto , Citarrella Maria Clara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAir pollution is one of the major global problems causing around 7 million dead per year. In fact, a connection between infectious disease transmission, including COVID‐19, and air pollution has been proved: COVID‐19 consequences on human health are found to be more severe in areas characterized by high levels of particulate matter (PM). Therefore, after the COVID‐19 pandemic, the production of air filtration devices with high filtration efficiency has gained more and more attention. Herein, a review of the post‐COVID‐19 pandemic progress in nanofibrous polymeric membranes for air filtration is provided. First, a brief discussion on the different types of filtration mechanism and the key parameters of air filtration is proposed. The materials recently used for the production of nanofibrous filter membranes are presented, distinguishing between non‐biodegradable polymeric materials and biodegradable ones. Subsequently, production technique proposed for the fabrication of nanofibrous membranes, i.e., electrospinning and solution blow spinning, are presented aiming to analyze and compare filtration efficiency, pressure drop, reusability and durability of the different polymeric system processed with different techniques. Finally, present challenges and future perspectives of nanofibrous polymeric membranes for air filtration are discussed with a particular emphasis on strategies to produce greener and more performant devices.
Evaluating merger effects
Authors: Genakos Christos , Lamprinidis Andreas , Walker James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new algorithm to identify the potential effect of mergers by comparing the outcomes of interest in areas of overlap for the merging parties vis‐à‐vis areas where no overlap exists within a difference‐in‐differences estimation framework. Utilizing our proposed algorithm enables researchers and policymakers to perform retrospective merger evaluation studies that look at the effects of mergers on both price and non‐price aspects. We demonstrate the applicability and value of our proposed methodology by examining the effects on price and product variety of four mergers of the late 1980s and the 1990s on the U.K. car market.
Chief executive officer attributes, stock's liquidity, and firm's performance
Authors: Riaz Salman , Ali Rizwan , Hussain Saria , ur Rehman Ramiz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study unfolds the CEO attributes, stock liquidity, and firms' performance nexus, drawing from an individual's personality attributes who hold the highest managerial positions. The fixed‐effect panel regression method is employed using nonfinancial firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2020. Significantly, CEOs' age, tenure, and ownership are positively associated with stock liquidity and firms' performance. Additionally, stock liquidity partially mediates the said nexus. This study provides new insights which confirm the theoretical implications of upper echelons theory which means specific attributes of an individual i.e., CEO can cause better performance of a firm.
GRK2‐Targeted Knockdown as Therapy for Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Lopez‐Cuina Miguel , Guérin Paul , Dutheil Nathalie , Martin Christelle , Lasserre Thierry Leste , Fernagut Pierre‐Olivier , Meissner Wassilios G. , Bezard Erwan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic adult‐onset rare neurodegenerative synucleinopathy for which counteracting central nervous system insulin resistance bears the potential of being neuroprotective. G‐protein‐(heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide‐binding protein)‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is emerging as a physiologically relevant inhibitor of insulin signaling.ObjectivesWe tested whether lowering brain GRK2 abundance may reverse insulin‐resistance.MethodsWe lowered brain GRK2 abundance through viral‐mediated delivery of a GRK2‐specific miRNA and quantified the reversion of a developing or an established insulin‐resistant phenotype using the transgenic PLP‐SYN mouse model of MSA.ResultsViral vector delivery of a GRK2 miRNA demonstrated a neuroprotective capacity when administered (1) in utero intracerebroventricularly in developing PLP‐SYN mice and (2) intrastriatally in adult PLP‐SYN mice. Decreased striatal GRK2 levels correlated in both designs with neuroprotection of the substantia nigra dopamine neurons, reduction in high‐molecular‐weight species of α‐synuclein, and reduced insulin resistance.ConclusionsThese data support GRK2 as a potential therapeutic target in MSA. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
CNN‐based fully automatic wrist cartilage volume quantification in MR images: A comparative analysis between different CNN architectures
Authors: Vladimirov Nikita , Brui Ekaterina , Levchuk Anatoliy , Al‐Haidri Walid , Fokin Vladimir , Efimtcev Aleksandr , Bendahan David 
Published: April 2023

PurposeAutomatic measurement of wrist cartilage volume in MR images.MethodsWe assessed the performance of four manually optimized variants of the U‐Net architecture, nnU‐Net and Mask R‐CNN frameworks for the segmentation of wrist cartilage. The results were compared to those from a patch‐based convolutional neural network (CNN) we previously designed. The segmentation quality was assessed on the basis of a comparative analysis with manual segmentation. The best networks were compared using a cross‐validation approach on a dataset of 33 3D VIBE images of mostly healthy volunteers. Influence of some image parameters on the segmentation reproducibility was assessed.ResultsThe U‐Net‐based networks outperformed the patch‐based CNN in terms of segmentation homogeneity and quality, while Mask R‐CNN did not show an acceptable performance. The median 3D DSC value computed with the U‐Net_AL (0.817) was significantly larger than DSC values computed with the other networks. In addition, the U‐Net_AL provided the lowest mean volume error (17%) and the highest Pearson correlation coefficient (0.765) with respect to the ground truth values. Of interest, the reproducibility computed using U‐Net_AL was larger than the reproducibility of the manual segmentation. Moreover, the results indicate that the MRI‐based wrist cartilage volume is strongly affected by the image resolution.ConclusionsU‐Net CNN with attention layers provided the best wrist cartilage segmentation performance. In order to be used in clinical conditions, the trained network can be fine‐tuned on a dataset representing a group of specific patients. The error of cartilage volume measurement should be assessed independently using a non‐MRI method.
Defining bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor underactivity in females with overactive bladder: Are we forgetting about the free uroflowmetry?
Authors: Arevalo‐Vega Diego , Ponce Lucas , Valdevenito Juan Pablo , Gallegos Héctor , Dell'Oro Arturo , Santis‐Moya Fernanda , Calvo Carlos Ignacio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionBoth detrusor underactivity (DU) and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) can coexist in patients with overactive bladder. Definitions of both DU and BOO are based on pressure‐flow study (PFS) data. However, invasive urodynamics study can differ from a natural micturition, in fact, discrepancies between free uroflowmetry (UFM) and PFS have been largely described. Our goal is to assess the correlation of free‐flowmetry and PFS among patients with OAB and to evaluate how different definitions of DU/BOO are able to discriminate patients with different free UFMs.MethodsA retrospective review of urodynamics performed at a single institution was conducted. Females with OAB who voided more than 150 mL in both UFM and PFS were included. Parameters from both voiding episodes were compared with nonparametric test. Two definitions of DU were applied; PIP1: Pdet@Qmax+Qmax < 30 and Gammie: Pdet@Qmax < 20 cmH2O, Qmax < 15 mL/s, and BVE < 90% (Bladder voiding efficiency). Also, two definitions of obstruction were chosen; Defretias: Pdet@Qmax ≥25 cmH2O and Qmax ≤ 12 mL/s and Solomon–Greenwell female BOO index ≥ 18. Patients who matched with each definition were compared to those who did not, to assess if any definitions were able to discriminate different noninvasive uroflowmetries.ResultsA total of 195 patients were included. Overall, mean age was 55 ± 12 years, 90.8% had mixed urinary incontinence, and 39% complained of at least one voiding symptom. Globally, Qmax and BVE correlated poorly between UFM and PFS, showing that most of the variation corresponded to a systematic error. Twenty‐two individuals were found to have DU, they had a difference of 13 mL/s on both maximum flows. Fifty‐four patients showed BOO, with a difference between their Qmax of 19 mL/s. Among the four definitions analyzed, only PIP1 and Defreitas were able to discriminate patients with actually a lower Qmax on the free UFM.ConclusionsPatients with overactive bladder seem to have a systematic discordance between the urine flow of the free and invasive studies. Current definitions of DU and BOO, which are based on the PFS parameters, are not consistently able to discriminate patients who actually void deficiently on the free UFM.
The living experience of surviving out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and spiritual meaning making
Authors: Aristidou Maria , Karanikola Maria , Kusi‐Appiah Elizabeth , Koutroubas Anna , Pant Usha , Vouzavali Foteini , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo understand the meaning of surviving out of hospital cardiac arrest and its aftereffects among Greek‐speaking survivors.DesignHermeneutical phenomenological method based on Martin Heidegger's philosophy.MethodsEight Greek‐speaking out of hospital cardiac arrest survivors were recruited using purposive sampling method. Data collection and analysis using the seven stages of hermeneutic analysis described by Diekelman. Data were collected through semi‐structured personal interviews with open‐ended questions.ResultsAnalysis revealed five themes: ‘The unexpected attack’, ‘Experiencing a different world: Transformation of Body, Time, Emotion and Sensation’, ‘Restoration of the re‐embodied self’, ‘Life transformation’ and ‘Personal transformation’. The themes are commensurate with transcultural components of Near‐Death Experiences. Surviving out of hospital cardiac arrest was perceived as a ‘divine gift’ and a chance to continue ‘living in a more conscious and meaningful way’. Despite participants' physical and psychosocial challenges, the narratives highlighted a newly acquired deep appreciation for the joy of life, living and others. Construction of meaning and a heightened spirituality seem central in reconstructing life after out of hospital cardiac arrest survivors.Patient or Public ContributionOut of hospital cardiac arrest survivors reflected and described in‐depth on their lived experiences of out of hospital cardiac arrest through a 60‐ to 90‐min interview. In addition, the participants provided their feedback on the interpretation of the findings, confirmed the study findings, and ensured that the analysis reflected aspects of their individual experiences and were true to them.
Impact of caregivers' psychological and caregiving status on recruitment, conversion, and retention in stem cell therapy trials for cerebral palsy: A prospective survey analysis
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Qin Xixian , Li Mengyao , Li Ying , Shen Liming , Jin Guo , Wang Yachen , Liu Jing , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo examine specific correlates that may affect retention outcomes of neural stem cell therapy trials in families screened for cerebral palsy.DesignA prospective correlational study.MethodsPrimary caregivers completed surveys of psychological resilience, care burden and family caregiver tasks. The overall data and differences between groups were analysed and compared.ResultsResilience was negatively correlated with the care ability and closely related to the monthly household income and educational level of the caregivers. Factors affecting the final retention rate included the type of disease, number of combined disorders, monthly household income, primary caregivers' education level and resilience.ConclusionEconomic level, literacy and psychological status may affect trial retention. These findings can provide tips for preparing for subsequent screening, identification and intervention in stem cell clinical trials.Implication for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe study results may provide nursing care tips to make recruitment more efficient, reduce trial costs, support patient‐centredness and accelerate trial progress.No Patient or Public ContributionThe target population involves the primary caregivers of children living with cerebral palsy. However, neither patients nor the public contributed to the design or conduct of the study, analysis, or interpretation of the data, or preparation of the manuscript.
The people behind the scenes: Episodic volunteering at fundraising events
Authors: Cnaan Ram , Choi Daniel , Kang Chulhee , Song Jihyeon , Almog‐Bar Michal , von Schnurbein Georg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNonprofit organizations (NPOs) have become increasingly dependent on episodic volunteers (EVs), those that would help carry out an event with little training and expectation to commit to future events. Despite its importance to the survival of NPOs, the use of EVs with respect to fundraising has received little research focus. Furthermore, none of the existing studies identified examined how fundraising EVs differ from other EVs. This study seeks to contribute to our understanding of fundraising EVs using a global perspective. Data were generated using surveys distributed in seven countries, tallying more than 4,000 respondents. Variables included demographic characteristics, previous donation and volunteer history, motives, mode of volunteering, and overall experience. The data were analyzed by applying between‐group (logistic regression on participation) and within‐group analysis (ordered logistic regression on willingness to participate in the future). Data were further analyzed by examining differences by country. We found that country, gender, religion, income, employment, history of donations, mode of volunteering, and several motives, both intrinsic and extrinsic, were significant in the logistic regression analysis of participation in fundraising episodic volunteering. The ordered logistic analysis unexpectedly found that the only predictors to foster a willingness to engage again were the responsiveness of the event team and a desire to fulfill spiritual satisfaction. In recruiting and selecting EVs for fundraising events, NPOs should consider previous or current donors and those with regular volunteering experience and they should market volunteer opportunities towards those in search of spiritual fulfillment and meaning. Moreover, NPOs should prioritize quick and clear communication with fundraising EVs in order to foster a willingness to volunteer again. Lastly, NPOs should regularly assess for country‐specific factors and contexts that may affect episodic volunteering in fundraising events. Our paper illustrates who fundraising EVs are, their motives, how they choose to volunteer, and what contributes to their willingness to volunteer again. Given the limited research on fundraising EVs, this study serves to help lay the foundation of research for this unique subgroup. Our aim was to not only address the dearth of literature but serve as a springboard for future research on fundraising EVs.
A systematic review of the adolescent‐directed marketing strategies of transnational fast food companies in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Bankole Elijah , Harris Neil , Rutherford Shannon , Wiseman Nicola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionFast food consumption is associated with excessive intake of energy‐dense foods; a major determinant of childhood obesity. The lack of data on the marketing strategies used to promote fast food to adolescents in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) acts as a barrier to global efforts to reduce the marketing of unhealthy foods to young people around the world.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to identify the adolescent‐directed marketing strategies of transnational fast food corporations in LMICs.MethodsA systematic search of eight scientific databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, PsycInfo, Scopus and Google Scholar) was conducted. Following PRISMA guidelines, primary research articles written in English were included if they were published between 1 January 2010 and 30 December 2022, and reported any adolescent‐directed marketing activity undertaken by a transnational fast food company operating in a LMIC. Articles were excluded if they were not peer reviewed. The quality of the included articles was assessed using a condensed version of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research tool.ResultsTwelve articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. A narrative synthesis of these articles revealed that the most documented strategies used to promote fast food to adolescents in LMICs were the use of incentives or premium offers, product appeals, promotional characters and brand familiarity. These strategies were mostly observed on social media, suggesting that there are serious concerns about adolescent exposure to fast food via social media in developing settings, especially as contextual differences in the nature of such marketing were identified.DiscussionThe promotion of fast food to adolescents in LMICs is contextual in nature, with the nature of marketing strategies employed by transnational fast food corporations varying greatly across cultural and socio‐economic contexts. These findings are crucial for the development of guidelines and regulations restricting the marketing of fast food to adolescents in lower income settings, contributing to global efforts to reduce adolescent exposure to unhealthy food promotion.
Betulin‐containing bioactive amphiphilic copolymers: Synthesis, characterization and self‐assembly
Authors: Orekhov Dmitry V. , Sivokhin Alexey Р. , Simagin Alexander S. , Kazantsev Oleg A. , Otopkova Ksenia V. , Ovchinnikov Alexey D. , Makhov Ilya N. , Melnikova Nina B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBetulin, a natural triterpene possessing a wide range of biological activities, has been modified via Steglich esterification to produce a methacrylate derivative capable of participating in radical polymerization. The modification is intended to increase the solubility of betulin, which is almost insoluble in water, by incorporating into the composition of an amphiphilic copolymer. The resulting solubility of betulin in water increased from 8·10−5 mg/mL to more than 10 mg/mL per betulin. For this, well‐defined biocompatible thermoresponsive copolymers with high betulin content have been synthesized through the conventional and RAFT copolymerizations of betulin methacrylate (BeMA) with methoxy oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MOEGMA). BeMA was more reactive in the BeMA‐MOEGMA pair; the resulting copolymers were slightly enriched with BeMA units (r1 = 1.70, r2 = 0.93). The copolymers exhibited LCST‐type behavior. LCST was tuned by balancing the hydrophobic betulin and hydrophilic OEG fragments. The molecular weight characteristics of polymers and their behavior in aqueous and organic solutions have been studied. Copolymers obtained by conventional polymerization had lower cloud points than RAFT copolymers of the same composition. The copolymers are characterized by low critical micelle concentrations that decrease as the BeMA fraction in the copolymers increases. RAFT copolymers were shown to form unimolecular micelles resistant to dissociation, which is promising for their use in targeted drug delivery.