bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Determination of Phenylalanine in Biological, Food and Pharmaceutical Samples using a MnO2/N‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: Salemi Yaser , Hassanpoor Shahed , Hassanpoor Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, the MnO2/N‐doped reduced graphene oxide (NRGO) nanocomposite was synthesized and applied for the glass‐carbon electrode coating as working electrode for electrochemical phenylalanine determination. The structure, morphology, and composition of materials were characterized using appropriate methods. Optimal pH was investigated by injecting different amounts of phenylalanine into phosphate buffer solution and differential pulse voltammetry signal studying. Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 15–220 μM and the detection limit was 3.59 μM. The method shows acceptable selectivity in the presence of common interfering species in biological fluids. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the amino acid phenylalanine in blood plasma, food, and pharmaceutical samples. The results were evaluated by studying the amount of spiked recovery and statistical test with comparison to the high‐performance liquid chromatography method results and the accuracy and precision of the method for phenylalanine determining in real samples were confirmed.
Amplified Electrochemiluminescence of the Luminol‐Amisulpride System and its Application for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Amisulpride
Authors: Ibrahim Halawa Mohamed , Saqib Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) has emerged as a powerful tool in bioassays due to its unique versatility and controllability, but it is still a challenge to amplify ECL signals without utilizing complex synthetic processes, sophisticated nanomaterials, and catalysts. Herein, a new ECL system with high sensitivity and selectivity is reported for the detection of amisulpride (AMS). The AMS was beneficial for enhancing the weak ECL emission of luminol, wherein co‐reaction effect of AMS promoted the generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2⋅−), which significantly improved the ECL efficiency of luminol (emitter). Under the optimized experimental conditions, this anodic ECL system achieved AMS detection (a biphasic curve) with linear concentration ranges of 0.2–5.0 μm and 5.0–100.0 μm. Impressively, the developed system exhibited a low limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 10.2 nm and 50.5 nm for AMS, respectively. This luminol‐based ECL system is further applied for sensitive AMS detection in real (bulk) drug and pharmaceutical tablet form. Moreover, statistical comparison between the developed and comparison method showed good precision and accuracy of the developed method.
Co3O4 Nanoparticle/F, N‐codoped Graphene for High Efficiency Oxygen Reduction and Zinc‐air Battery
Authors: Yang Haiwei , Shao Siqing , Zhu Wenxiang , Ma Mengjie , Zhang Yi , Shao Chenrui , Liao Fan , Chen Ziliang , Shao Mingwang , Yin Kui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe connection between the active components and supports in a catalyst is important for the high activity and long‐term stability during catalysis. Here, Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in F, N‐doped graphene (Co3O4/F, N‐doped G) are synthesized by silicon‐hydrogen bond reduction. F and N atoms doped graphene interacts with Co3O4 nanoparticles to optimize oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity. The optimal Co3O4/F, N‐doped G‐2 catalyst with Co loading of 3.38 wt% shows a half‐wave potential of 0.852 V vs RHE in 0.1 M KOH solution. Furthermore, Co3O4/F, N‐doped G‐2 catalyst outputs an extremely high open circuit voltage of 1.47 V and an excellent power density of 280 mW cm−2 at current density of 450 mA cm−2 when applied to the primary Zn‐air batteries. Due to the synergetic effects from Co3O4 and supports (F, N‐doped G), Co3O4/F, N‐doped G‐2 catalyst also shows excellent stability and anti‐toxicity, and has good practical application prospects.
Highly Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of N‐Acyl Protected 2‐Aminoacrylates through a PPh3‐Catalyzed Reaction of Alkyl Propiolates with Amides
Authors: Wang Kaikai , Li Yanli , Pan Pengtao , Zhou Nan , He Xiaolong , Chen Rongxiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA simple and convenient strategy for the synthesis of N‐acyl protected 2‐aminoacrylates via PPh3‐catalyzed reaction of alkyl propiolates with amides has been developed. This protocol is rapid and highly regioselective to provide various N‐acyl protected 2‐aminoacrylates in high yields (up to 95 %). The chemical structure of the product was determined by X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis. In contrast, 3‐sulfonamidoacrylates were obtained by Cs2CO3‐catalyzed reactions of alkyl propiolates with secondary sulfamides. Moreover, synthetic utility of this method was further highlighted in the late‐stage modification of drug molecules.
ptARgenOM—A Flexible Vector For CRISPR/CAS9 Nonviral Delivery
Authors: Radoua Abdelmnim , Pernon Baptiste , Pernet Nicolas , Jean Chloé , Elmallah Mohammed , Guerrache Abderrahmane , Constantinescu Andrei Alexandru , Hadj Hamou Sofiane , Devy Jérôme , Micheau Olivier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractViral‐mediated delivery of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system is one the most commonly used techniques to modify the genome of a cell, with the aim of analyzing the function of the targeted gene product. While these approaches are rather straightforward for membrane‐bound proteins, they can be laborious for intracellular proteins, given that selection of full knockout (KO) cells often requires the amplification of single‐cell clones. Moreover, viral‐mediated delivery systems, besides the Cas9 and gRNA, lead to the integration of unwanted genetic material, such as antibiotic resistance genes, introducing experimental biases. Here, an alternative non‐viral delivery approach is presented for CRISPR/Cas9, allowing efficient and flexible selection of KO polyclonal cells. This all‐in‐one mammalian CRISPR‐Cas9 expression vector, ptARgenOM, encodes the gRNA and the Cas9 linked to a ribosomal skipping peptide sequence followed by the enhanced green fluorescent protein and the puromycin N‐acetyltransferase, allowing for transient, expression‐dependent selection and enrichment of isogenic KO cells. After evaluation using more than 12 distinct targets in 6 cell lines, ptARgenOM is found to be efficient in producing KO cells, reducing the time required to obtain a polyclonal isogenic cell line by 4–6 folds. Altogether ptARgenOM provides a simple, fast, and cost‐effective delivery tool for genome editing.
Iron‐deficiency anaemia and severe hypocobalaminaemia and hypofolataemia in a dog fed a homemade diet
Authors: Herstad Kristin , Cuq Benoît 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA middle‐aged, female, neutered dog was diagnosed with iron‐deficient anaemia on a routine health check following rescue from a puppy mill. Further investigations revealed a severe hypocobalaminaemia and hypofolataemia. The dog was fed a homemade diet consisting of various types of human food and it had been used for breeding. Pale mucous membranes and mild lethargy were noted on the initial presentation. No ulcerations of the gastrointestinal tract were seen on flexible endoscopy, but lymphocytic and eosinophilic inflammation, indicative of chronic inflammatory enteropathy, was present on histopathology. The dog had no vomiting or diarrhoea and there was no macro‐ or microscopic gastrointestinal bleeding. The condition resolved after providing a commercial, balanced diet and supplementing iron, cobalamin and folate orally. This case report describes the clinical investigation of a dog with iron deficiency, hypocobalaminaemia and hypofolataemia, where malnutrition and excessive breeding may have contributed to this condition.
Wastewater surveillance could serve as a pandemic early warning system for COVID‐19 and beyond
Authors: Gahlot Pallavi , Alley Kelly D. , Arora Sudipti , Das Sukanya , Nag Aditi , Tyagi Vinay Kumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWastewater‐based surveillance can be used as an early warning system to identify COVID‐19 outbreaks because the viral load can be observed in sewage before it is clinically verified. Wastewater surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 can trace the transmission dynamics of infection in communities when using the scale of a wastewater diversion and treatment system. Using this early detection method can help protect human health and mitigate socio‐economic losses. It can help quantify the epidemiological data of a given population in real‐time and circumvent the need for other epidemiological indicators. There are challenges in using this technique in areas with underdeveloped sewerage infrastructure. It is especially the case in developing nations where uniform protocols for viral detection are lacking, and wastewater is heterogeneous because of environmental and operational conditions. This article explains the need for and importance of wastewater‐based surveillance for SARS‐CoV‐2. It lays out the most recent methodological approaches for detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 in municipal wastewater and outlines the main challenges associated with wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE). The article includes a case study of surveillance work across India to demonstrate how a developing nation manages research and locational challenges. The socio‐economic, ethical, and policy dimensions of WBE for SARS‐CoV‐2 are also discussed.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Engineering Water > Methods
Density functional theory modeling of critical properties of perovskite oxides for water splitting applications
Authors: Ghose Krishna K. , Brown Joshua J. , Frankcombe Terry J. , Page Alister , Bayon Alicia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWater splitting (WS) driven by solar energy is considered as a promising strategy to produce renewable hydrogen from water with minimal environmental impact. Realization of large‐scale hydrogen production by this approach requires cost‐effective, efficient and stable materials to drive the WS reaction. Perovskite oxides have recently attracted widespread attention in WS applications due to their unique structural features, such as compositional and structural flexibility allowing them to achieve desired sunlight absorption capability, precise control of electrocatalytic and redox activity to drive the chemical reaction, tuneable bandgaps and band edges, and earth‐abundance. However, perovskite oxides contain a large family of metal oxides and experimental exploration of novel perovskites without a priori knowledge of their properties could be costly and time‐consuming. First‐principles approaches such as density functional theory (DFT) are a useful and cost‐effective alternative towards this end. In this review, DFT‐based calculations for accurate prediction of the critical properties of ABO3 perovskite oxides relevant to WS processes are surveyed. Structural, electronic, optical, surface, and thermal properties are grouped according to their relevance to photocatalytic (PC), electrochemical (EC), photo‐electrochemical (PEC), and solar thermal water splitting (STWS) processes. The challenges associated with the choice of exchange‐correlation (XC) functional in DFT methods for precise prediction of these properties are discussed and specific XC functionals have been recommended where experimental comparisons are possible.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy
Emerging Technologies > Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Emerging Technologies > Materials
Gut mycobiome: A “black box” of gut microbiome–host interactions
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Hu Xiaomin , Han Junjie , Yin Ruopeng , Zhang Shuyang , Liu Hongwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFungi, being a necessary component of the gut microbiome, potentially have direct or indirect effects on the health and illness status of the host. The gut mycobiome is an inducer of the host's immunity, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and protecting against infections, as well as a reservoir of opportunistic microorganisms and a potential cofactor when the host is immunocompromised. In addition, gut fungi interact with a diverse range of microbes in the intestinal niches. In this article, we reviewed the composition of gut mycobiome, their association with host health and illness, and summarized the specific Candida albicans–host interactions, in order to provide insights and directions for the ongoing study of fungi.This article is categorized under:
Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Vocational life: personal, communal and temporal structures
Authors: Heinämaa Sara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper offers a new philosophical account of vocations as deeply personal but at the same time also communal and generational forms of multimodal intending. It provides a reconstruction and a systematic development of Edmund Husserl’s scattered discussions on vocations. On these grounds, the paper argues that vocational life is a general human possibility and not determined by any set of material values, religious, epistemic or moral. Rather, vocations are distinguished from other complexes of intentional acts and attitudes by certain structural features of their core valuations and volitions.
Health technology management: the experience of a managed access approach to the reimbursement of dupilumab in Ireland
Authors: Barrett Rosealeen , Barry Michael , McCullagh Laura 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Dupilumab was the first biological medicine to receive marketing authorisation, in Ireland, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). In 2019, Ireland’s National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics recommended that dupilumab not be reimbursed at the submitted price; it was not cost effective. Following confidential price negotiations, the Health Service Executive (HSE) reimbursed dupilumab subject to a HSE-Managed Access Protocol (MAP). Patients with refractory, moderate-to-severe AD were deemed eligible to receive treatment under the MAP; the cohort for which dupilumab is expected to be most effective and most cost effective (versus standard of care). Approval, for treatment, is granted on an individual patient basis by the HSE-Medicines Management Programme.

Aims
Applications for approval of treatment with dupilumab were analysed to determine the percentage of patients deemed eligible. Key characteristics of this population were investigated.

Methods
Data from individual patient applications were analysed. Key characteristics of the approved population were investigated using IBM SPSS Statistics® version 27.
Data were derived from the HSE-Primary Care Reimbursement Service pharmacy claims database. The number of patients who received dupilumab over the study period was determined.

Results
In total, 96% of submitted applications were deemed eligible. Of these, 65% were male and 87% were adults. In the main, the approved patient population had severe refractory AD; the mean Eczema Area Severity Index score was 28.72.

Conclusion
The majority of applications submitted were approved. This work highlights how a MAP can facilitate access to treatment in patients who are deemed eligible whilst containing overall expenditure.
Impact of thermal stratification on airborne transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in various indoor environments
Authors: Liu Fan , Luo Zhiwen , Qian Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere exist various vertical temperature gradients in different-type buildings. A holistic understanding of the impact of different temperature-stratified indoor environments on infection risk is necessary. In this work, the airborne transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in different thermally stratified indoor environments is assessed using our previously developed airborne infection risk model. Results show that the vertical temperature gradients in office building, hospital, classroom, etc. are within the range of −0.34 to 3.26 °C/m. In large space such as coach station, airport terminal, and sport hall, the average temperature gradient ranges within 0.13–2.38 °C/m in occupied zone (0–3 m); in ice rink with special requirements of indoor environment, the temperature gradient is higher than those in the above indoor spaces. The existence of temperature gradients causes multi-peaks of the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 with distancing, and our results show that in office, hospital ward and classroom, the second peak of the transmission risk is higher than 10−3in most contact scenarios, while most being lower than 10−6in large spaces like coach station and airport. The work is expected to provide some guidance on specific intervention policies in relation to the types of indoor environments.
Selectivity of mass extinctions: Patterns, processes, and future directions
Authors: Payne Jonathan L. , Al Aswad Jood A. , Deutsch Curtis , Monarrez Pedro M. , Penn Justin L. , Singh Pulkit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA central question in the study of mass extinction is whether these events simply intensify background extinction processes and patterns versus change the driving mechanisms and associated patterns of selectivity. Over the past two decades, aided by the development of new fossil occurrence databases, selectivity patterns associated with mass extinction have become increasingly well quantified and their differences from background patterns established. In general, differences in geographic range matter less during mass extinction than during background intervals, while differences in respiratory and circulatory anatomy that may correlate with tolerance to rapid change in oxygen availability, temperature, and pH show greater evidence of selectivity during mass extinction. The recent expansion of physiological experiments on living representatives of diverse clades and the development of simple, quantitative theories linking temperature and oxygen availability to the extent of viable habitat in the oceans have enabled the use of Earth system models to link geochemical proxy constraints on environmental change with quantitative predictions of the amount and biogeography of habitat loss. Early indications are that the interaction between physiological traits and environmental change can explain substantial proportions of observed extinction selectivity for at least some mass extinction events. A remaining challenge is quantifying the effects of primary extinction resulting from the limits of physiological tolerance versus secondary extinction resulting from the loss of taxa on which a given species depended ecologically. The calibration of physiology-based models to past extinction events will enhance their value in prediction and mitigation efforts related to the current biodiversity crisis.
Distribution of consensus in a broadcast-based consensus algorithm with random initial opinions
Authors: Shioda Shigeo , Kato Dai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the distribution of the consensus formed by a broadcast-based consensus algorithm for cases in which the initial opinions of agents are random variables. We first derive two fundamental equations for the time evolution of the average opinion of agents. Using the derived equations, we then investigate the distribution of the consensus in the limit in which agents do not have any mutual trust, and show that the consensus without mutual trust among agents is in sharp contrast to the consensus with complete mutual trust in the statistical properties if the initial opinion of each agent is integrable. Next, we provide the formulation necessary to mathematically discuss the consensus in the limit in which the number of agents tends to infinity, and derive several results, including a central limit theorem concerning the consensus in this limit. Finally, we study the distribution of the consensus when the initial opinions of agents follow a stable distribution, and show that the consensus also follows a stable distribution in the limit in which the number of agents tends to infinity.
Shifting Patterns of Antisemitism in Latin America: Xenophobia, Exclusion, and Inclusion
Authors: Roniger Luis , Senkman Leonardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes several patterns of antisemitism in twentieth-century Latin America. It identifies historical moments when carriers of social and political ideas projected negative images of Jews, sometimes pushing anti-Jewish policies and at times leading violent actions against Jews. Thus, antisemitism served to mobilize in defense of national identity; as a reaction to Jewish peddlers perceived as a threat to national economies; as a basis for the generalized rejection of “undesirable refugees” during World War II and the Holocaust; and as a Cold War phenomenon, along with anticommunism and neo-Nazism. Like other forms of xenophobia, antisemitism was grounded in prejudice and the demonization of a supposed enemy rather than being based on verified evidence. Analysis suggests that antisemitism has been deeply rooted in Latin America and has manifested over time with changing historical and social constellations. At the same time, while Judeophobic prejudices and actions have been intimidating and have at times precluded the legal immigration of Jews, antisemitism has rarely become dominant or led to systemic social discrimination, massive expulsion, or mass genocide, unlike in Europe.
La 27e Conférence des Parties de la Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques : un bilan critique
Authors: Beaudoin Simon , Simard Philippe , Chaloux Annie 
Published: May 2023

RésuméLes changements climatiques occupent une place centrale en gouvernance mondiale de l'environnement. Vu l'envergure des défis à résoudre, la plus récente Conférence des Parties (CdP) de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC), la CdP-27, faisait face à de grandes attentes. Ce court article offre un bilan critique de la CdP-27. L'article présente une synthèse des résultats de cette CdP en étudiant quatre volets principaux, soit l'atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES), l'augmentation du financement climatique, l'adaptation aux changements climatiques et les pertes et préjudices. Il dresse ainsi un portait des résultats de la CdP-27 au regard des attentes qui avaient été établies au préalable par les parties prenantes. L'article se conclut par une analyse prospective des principaux enjeux à suivre d'ici la CdP-28 et au-delà. Il permet ainsi de faire le point sur les plus récents développements, d’éclairer les avancées à venir et de contribuer aux discussions sur la gouvernance mondiale du climat.
High readership on academic social platforms could poorly reflect conservation interest
Authors: Meijaard Erik , Moqanaki Ehsan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocial media are being used increasingly by the science community to share research output with a wide audience and to seek feedback. They are also used as alternatives to the traditional citation-based assessment of the impacts of scientific products and even to inform employment decisions in academia. One of these media platforms, ResearchGate, is a popular application with more than 20 million users who share and discuss scientific products. We report on a remarkably high level of interest in one of our publications on ResearchGate about the Eurasian wild pig Sus scrofa in Iran, a poorly studied species in a conservation priority region. The number of reads of our publication was c. 1,500 times higher than the mean per publication for scientists from a range of American and Asian universities. Comparison with other ResearchGate statistics and reader feedback indicates these reads resulted from data-gathering processes unrelated to the details of the research. Although this raises questions regarding the ability of ResearchGate and similar platforms to measure research interest and impacts reliably, we use the popularity of our article as an opportunity to advocate for conservation research in an understudied region and on an understudied species.