bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’abandon aux études doctorales : un problème de direction?
Authors: Denis Constance , Lison Christelle 
Published: January 2023

En parcourant la littérature scientifique et professionnelle en enseignement supérieur, il arrive fréquemment de lire qu’un doctorant sur deux abandonne ses études. Un tel taux d’abandon est-il alarmant? Est-il réaliste, voire souhaitable, que tous les doctorants achèvent leurs études? Quelles que soient les réponses à ces questions, il est généralement admis que l’encadrement joue un rôle prépondérant dans la persévérance aux études. Toutefois, il n’est pas aussi aisé qu’il y paraît de questionner les pratiques pédagogiques dans le cadre de l’encadrement. Dans cet article, les auteures s’appuient sur les résultats d’une recherche menée auprès de 20 doctorants et de 20 directeurs de recherche sur leurs expériences de l’encadrement à la recherche. Elles se penchent sur les potentiels effets de l’encadrement sur la persévérance aux études doctorales en trois temps : 1) un recrutement guidé, dès le début, permet d’éviter certains abandons; 2) la communication transparente, notamment pour gérer les inévitables deuils, affecte favorablement la poursuite des études; 3) l’insertion professionnelle, pensée tout au long du parcours, permet de cibler des objectifs concrets et de mieux amener l’étudiant à se préparer à la suite. Les questions et les réflexions ponctuent cet article de manière à apporter un regard scientifique et pragmatique tout en admettant le travail qui reste à effectuer pour valoriser l’encadrement à la recherche et ses limites.
Comparison of the outcomes and complications of three-unit porcelain-fused-to-metal tooth-implant-supported prostheses with implant-supported prostheses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fathi Amirhossein , Atash Ramin , Fardi Elmira , Ahmadabadi Mahsa Nili , Hashemi Sara 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the outcomes and complications of three-unit porcelain-fused-to-metal tooth-implant-supported prostheses in comparison with implant-supported prostheses.

Materials and Methods:
In this review article, the electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, EBSCO, LIVIVO, and Embase were searched over the past 20 years until December 2021. Risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI), fixed effect model, and Mantel–Haenszel method was calculated. The meta-analysis was performed with the statistical software Stata/MP v. 16.

Results:
Two hundred and three studies were selected for reviewing the abstracts, from which the full texts of 16 studies were reviewed. Finally, five studies were selected. The risk ratio of prosthesis failure between the tooth-implant-supported prosthesis and the implant-supported prosthesis was RR (Risk Ratio)= 1.83 (0.79, 4.24), (P = 0.16) and for prosthesis complication, it was RR = 0.61 (0.35, 1.06), (P = 0.08). Risk ratio of implant failure between the mentioned groups was RR = 2.33 (0.84, 6.41), (P = 0.10), and for implant complications, this rate was 0.09 (RR, 0.09 95% CI − 1.30, 1.48; P = 0.90).

Conclusion:
The meta-analysis of the present study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (three-unit porcelain-fused-to-metal tooth-implant-supported prosthesis and implant-supported prosthesis reconstruction) in terms of the total failure of implants and prostheses and the complication rate of implants and prostheses.
Assessment of pain in paediatric dental patients during administration of local anesthesia with and without the use of audiovisual distraction
Authors: Singh Jagrati , Hegde Sapna , Rao Dinesh , Panwar Sunil , Pal Shivendra , Rathore Nidhi 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Infants and children who experience pain in early life, show long-term changes in terms of pain perception and related behaviors. Local anesthesia is integral to the practice of painless dentistry but the pain of injection itself is deterrent to successful administration of local anesthesia and can be a most anxiety-provoking procedure. Distraction as a behavior management technique is successfully known to reduce pain and manage children's dental behavior by diverting their attention away from painful stimuli during invasive dental procedure. This study aimed to compare the pain associated with local anesthetic injection delivered with and without the use of distraction as a behavior management technique in 6–8-year-old children.

Materials and Methods:
In this randomized, clinical, in vivo study with a split-mouth design we compared the pain of 30 children (6–8-year-old), requiring dental treatment necessitating the use of local anesthesia bilaterally in either of their maxillary and mandibular arches. Treatment was done in two visits, 1 week apart. Children were randomly assigned to receive the distraction (iPad) at one visit while no distraction in other visits. Two different pain assessment scales were used: Wong-Baker faces pain scale (FPS) and FPS-Revised. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistical significance.

Results:
Children who received local anesthesia with audiovisual distraction had lower pain rating scores than those who received local anesthesia with no distraction.

Conclusion:
Audiovisual distraction significantly reduces pain associated with injection of local anesthesia.
Comparison of the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on pain tolerance and intensity perception in patients with dental anxiety: A randomized trial
Authors: Feizi Ghader , Binandeh Elham Sadat , Goli Farzad , Seraj-Khorrami Naser , Khalifehsoltani Fakhrialsadat 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Dental anxiety has negative effects on dentists' pain management. Patients have different levels of pain tolerance. Therefore, providing psychological interventions can reduce treatment avoidance and promote oral health. This study compared the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on pain coping strategies and pain perception intensity in patients with dental anxiety.

Materials and Methods:
This clinical trial with a pretest–posttest control group design and a 3-month follow-up period was performed on 45 patients with dental anxiety. They were randomly selected by convenience sampling method and assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group underwent 10 sessions of ACT, the second experimental group underwent 10 sessions of CBT, and the control group underwent oral care training. Data were collected by the Rosenstiel and Keefe's Coping Strategies Questionnaire and McGill Pain Questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS (version 24) software. The considered significance level is 0.05.

Results:
The results showed no significant difference between ACT and CBT in pain coping strategies and pain perception intensity (P < 0.05) but indicated a significant difference between the treatment groups and the control group. Moreover, the results showed a significant difference between posttest and follow-up and pretest in pain coping strategies and pain perception intensity (P < 0.01) but indicated no significant difference between posttest and follow-up (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
ACT and CBT can play an important role in the sustainable improvement of pain coping strategies and pain perception intensity in patients with dental anxiety.
Evaluating histopathological factors of predicting the recurrence rate of odontogenic keratocyst
Authors: Jahanshahi Gholam Reza , Keshani Forooz , Mirkazemi Zahra , Mirkazemi Hossein 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is one of the most common jaw cysts with high recurrence rate. Some possible factors affecting recurrence that have not been evaluated in previous studies are examined in this study. This study aimed to predict the recurrence rate of OKC and more viable treatment of OKC.

Materials and Methods:
In this descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study, 10 recurrent OKCs, which both slides before and after recurrence were accessible, were collected from oral and maxillofacial pathology department's archive. First, they were evaluated based on common histopathologic features. In the second phase, the frequency of these findings in 36 OKCs (24 samples with recurrence and 12 without recurrence after 5 years) was evaluated based on clinical, radiological, and histopathologic features. Data were analyzed by SPSS, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, McNamara, t-test, Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, Fisher's exact test, Cohen's kappa coefficient, and odds ratio (P < 0/05).

Results:
According to this study, OKC in women, with multilocular radiolucency and mitosis in basal layer of epithelium as well as diffused inflammation, were statistically associated with probability of recurrence (P = 0.05, 0.035, 0.033, and 0.045, respectively). The corrugated surface, reverse polarity, hypercellularity in parabasal, and satellite cysts can affect the recurrence of OKC with odds ratios = 2.364, 2.364, 1.190, and 1.500, respectively).

Conclusion:
Gender (women), multilocular radiolucency, diffused inflammation in stroma, and mitosis in basal layer of epithelial lining, can statically predict the possibility of recurrence rate. In addition, findings regarding the age (in younger patients), corrugated surface, reverse polarity, and sub-basal cleft can be helpful in predicting recurrence.
Amniotic membrane as an accelator in mandibular bone defects repair
Authors: Samandari Mohammad Hasan , Tamizifar Alireza , Hosseinian Mahdi , Adibi Shahriar , Razavi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The fetal amniotic membrane is a biological graft with unique qualities which all lead to wound protection, reducing discomfort, and achieving adequate epithelialization.

Materials and Methods:
In this animal study, the second and third premolars of the mandible of 4 dogs were extracted. After 4 weeks, 20 mm of mandibular premolar site area were resected on both sides. The created defects on both sides were filled with xenograft. On one side, an amniotic membrane was placed over the graft particles and the reflected flap was sutured. The amount of bone formation in the defects was measured after 4 weeks for two of the dogs and after 8 weeks for the other two, using a caliper. Three histopathological samples from both sides were taken. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis (Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired sample t-test) using SPSS software at a significant P = 0.05.

Results:
In the test group, the quantity of bone was 56.81, whereas in the control group bone quantity was 37.38 with statistically significant differences (P = 0.025). In the amniotic membrane group, the inflammation intensity after the graft procedure was moderate (50%) in comparison to the control group where the inflammation was severe (62.5%) (P = 0.041).

Conclusion:
The amniotic membrane can induce positive osteoinduction effects and be helpful in repairmen of bone defects such as the natural periosteum.
Low-level laser and management of common complications after the mandibular third molar surgery: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sigaroodi Ali Khalighi , Motevasseli Safa , Maleki Dina , Maleki Donya , Fard Reza Shokuhi 
Published: January 2023

Background:
There are controversies on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy on pain, edema, and trismus after mandibular third molar extraction surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on discomforts occurring after the mandibular wisdom tooth removal.

Materials and Methods:
This double-blind, split-mouth design, randomized clinical trial study was performed on 36 healthy controls with bilateral symmetrical mandibular third molar referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dental Faculty from January to November 2019. After surgical extraction, the laser group underwent laser (Ga-Al-As diode laser, 808 nm, 200 mW) intraorally and extraorally just after surgery and 24 h after surgery. For the placebo group, the handpiece was inserted without laser irradiation. The pain level was assessed by Baker Wong scale at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h postoperatively, and the edema and the extent of mouth opening were examined before surgery, at the 1st and 7th days after surgery. The data were collected and analyzed by SPSS at the significant level of 0.05.

Results:
The statistical analysis of 32 participants' data (laser group: n = 32, placebo group: n = 32) indicated that the mean score of pain in 3 days after surgery in the interventional group was significantly lower than the score of the placebo group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the swelling and the extent of the mouth opening differed significantly between the two groups at 1st and 7th days after the procedure (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Our findings showed that the LLLT had beneficial effects on the management of pain, edema, and trismus following after 3rd molar extraction surgery.
A histopathological comparison of formocresol, propolis, and growth factor as pulpotomy medicaments in primary teeth: An in vivo study
Authors: Goinka Chanchal , Galla Pavan Kumar , Madhavi K. , Malempet Anusha , Suryadevara Sowmya , Reddy Kola Srikanth 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Pulpotomy is the most common pulp treatment of primary molars, where surgical amputation of infected coronal pulp results in preserving the vitality and function of radicular pulp. With introduction of newer materials, the emphasis has shifted towards regeneration, in this scenario; novel materials such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and propolis (PS) have been considered.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single-blind in vivo study; ninety human primary teeth from children aged between 5 and 10 years were divided into three equal groups in whom pulpotomy procedure was performed and they were recalled after 3- and 6-month interval for histological evaluation. Observations were subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's Chi-square test.

Results:
No statistically significant difference was found between the three materials with respect to inflammatory response, soft-tissue organization, and dentin bridge formation (P > 0.05). Majority of the samples in both growth factor and propolis exhibited dentin bridges at the interface of the exposed pulp, bringing or attempting to bridge the site exposed to the pulpotomy material. The ability of the material to evoke a foreign and inflammatory cell response in the pulpal tissue was not significant. The samples of both formocresol and growth factor group showed signs of pulpal necrosis which revealed the presence of a mild necrotic zone in one specimen at 3 months. One specimen from the propolis group showed mild areas of necrosis at the end of 6 months, where none of the specimens in the growth factor group showed areas of necrosis at the end of 6 months.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study showed a positive outcome for growth factor and propolis groups. Further clinical trials with a larger sample size and long-term review have to be conducted for the material to be used widely.
Broad-spectrum Antifungal Activity of Phyllanthus niruri Leaves Tested Against Candida Species
Authors: Khan Saher , Singh Mastan , Khare Vineeta , Ali Khan Mirza.M.A. , Raza Tasleem , Gupta Prashant 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
The emergence of resistant pathogenic microorganisms against conventional antimicrobials has become a global concern. To combat new and re-emerging infectious illnesses, new antimicrobial agents with different chemical structures and novel modes of action are required. Therefore, this study evaluated ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri for their antimicrobial activities against Candida species isolated from different clinical samples.

Materials and Methods:
This involved the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for the identification of Candida species. The ethanolic extraction of P. niruri leaves was examined. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the leaf extracts against standard American Type Culture Collection strains as well as clinical isolates of Candida species.

Results:
Using PCR-RFLP, Candida tropicalis was found to be the most prevalent species of Candida, followed by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The ethanol extract of P. nirui leaves showed good activity against all the clinical and standard strains of Candida which were comparable to the standard drug fluconazole. The activity of P. niruri against C. albicans was highest followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei at a concentration of 100 mg/ml.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study support the use of P. niruri plant to treat Candida infections, particularly fluconazole-resistant Candida species.
Arise Tube- A Novel Double-Lumen Suction Tube for Oesophageal Atresia
Authors: Abdur-Rahman Lukman Olajide , Kalu Ukoha A. , Sayomi Olayinka T. , Nasir Abdulrasheed A. , Taiwo Jones O 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Airway compromise is a major criterion that determines the outcome of care in oesophageal atresia (OA). The maintenance of dry throat through suction of the airway and throat is a vital step to the survival of neonates with OA. This prevents aspiration of saliva and mucus plugging of the airway which can compromise pulmonary function. Pre-operative aspiration pneumonitis increases the morbidity and possible mortality of neonatal OA. The Replogle® tube is usually not readily available and costly for caregivers in most centres in the low-income countries.

Objective:
To introduce a local adaptation of suction tubing for clearance of the airway in OA.

Method and Case Series:
The Abdur-Rahman Ilorin Suction oEsophageal (ARISE) suction tube is constructed with a size 6 Fr feeding tube which was tunnelled from a side opening into the lumen of a 10 Fr feeding tube. The distance of the pouch from the incisor is first measured and multiple fenestrations (1 cm apart) are made on the wall of the outer tubes sparing about 2 cm from the measured length near the incisor. Three side fenestrations are made 1.5 cm apart from the tip on the side of the inner tube. The ARISE tube is placed in the upper OA pouch to suck saliva and prevent aspiration in the neonate. The tip of tube is positioned about 0.5 cm above the blind end of the oesophageal pouch. The inner (small lumen) tube is connected to a low-pressure suction machine at 0.2KPa (−15 to −35 cm H2O) for continuous drainage of saliva and the outer (big lumen) tube functions as air vent and irrigation channel. This protects the mucosal from being sucked into the inner tube lumen. Irrigation of tube is done with 2–3 ml of 0.9% saline every 4 h and as necessary.

Result:
This ARISE suction tube allowed adequate and continuous suction of the pouch and throat with the baby being calm, and caregivers also stress free. The patient maintained good arterial oxygen saturation and there was no aspiration into the airway.

Conclusion:
The ARISE double-lumen suction tube can easily be constructed in many resource-poor health institutions where OA is managed. This will improve the pre-operative management of neonatal OA in such environment making the baby’s condition optimal for surgical intervention.
Conjoined Thoracopagus Twins: A Systematic Review of the Anomalies and Outcome of Surgical Separation
Authors: Saxena Rahul , Sinha Arvind , Pathak Manish , Rathod Kirtikumar J 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Conjoined twin is an extremely rare condition and requires a thorough knowledge of anatomy, and a multidisciplinary approach is essential to successfully separate the twins. Thoracopagus twins lie face to face and are attached from chest to upper abdomen. They are the most common among all the varieties but have a poor survival rate.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a review of literature from 2019 to the oldest via PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords: Conjoined twins, Thoracopagus twins, Thoracoomphalopagus and Thoraco-omphalopagus twins. The articles were reviewed for the description of the anatomy of shared organs, management and outcome of these twins.

Results:
One hundred and fifty-eight sets of thoracopagus and thoraco-omphalopagus twins including our twins were included in this study. Out of 158 reported thoracopagus twin sets in literature, with M: F ratio of 1:2.3, 71 sets were found to be non-operable and all of them subsequently expired; 82 sets were operated upon, out of which 83 babies survived, suggesting an overall surgical success rate of about 50%.

Conclusion:
Thoracopagus twins have a dismal prognosis. The most important decisive parameter for successful separation is the extent of sharing of organs between twins. The role of a motivated multidisciplinary team is also indispensable and cannot be overemphasised.
Clinicoetiological Profile of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Patients at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Raina Adnan Firdous , Chandra Amit , Dar Waseem , Ganie Hilal Ahmad , Kawaja Zubair , Wani Maqbool , Asimi Ravouf 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) accounts for 10%–20% of strokes in young persons. In India, CVST accounts for around 30% of all strokes. The majority of CVSTs are caused by procoagulant circumstances, with pregnancy and early puerperium being well-established risk factors. The study aimed to look into the clinical profile, radiological characteristics, etiological variables, and outcome of CVST in venous stroke patients admitted to a tertiary care facility.

Methods:
We included individuals between the ages of 18 and 75 years who had a cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) diagnosis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) + magnetic resonance venography computed tomography (CT) plus CT venography. The research included all individuals suspected of having CVST with or without particular neurological deficits and a confirmed imaging diagnosis. Patients were removed in situations of ambiguous neuroimaging, arterial strokes, space-occupying lesions, metabolic encephalopathy, and patient reluctance to participate.

Results:
This study included 82 patients, 21 (25.6%) males and 61 (74.4%) of whom were females. The most common presenting symptom was headache (79.2%), followed by vomiting (54.8%) and abnormal sensorium (35.3%). In this study, 34/82 (41.4%) patients had evident clinical triggers and were classified as induced CVT. Para infectious disease was recognized as a risk factor for CVT in 13/34 (38.2%) patients. A prothrombotic conditions could be established in 48 (58.5%) of these patients.

Conclusion:
CVST is a treatable and reversible cause of stroke in adolescents. The clinical presentation varies greatly, and symptoms may appear gradually over weeks or months. Although it is still an uncommon cause of headache and stroke, MRI has allowed for early detection.