bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mac-2, a novel 32,000 Mr mouse macrophage subpopulation-specific antigen defined by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Ho M K , Springer T A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two monoclonal antibodies, M3/31 and M3/38, were obtained by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with rat spleen cells immunized to immunoadsorbent-purified macrophage glycoproteins. Co-precipitation experiments show that antigenic determinants recognized by these two antibodies reside on the same molecular species, termed Mac-2, Mac-2, an antigen of 32,000 Mr, is synthesized by and expressed on the surface of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages as shown by [35S]-methionine and 125I labeling. Saturation binding experiments show that thioglycollate-elicited macrophages express 1.7 X 10(5) Mac-2 sites/cell. Thioglycollate-elicited macrophages are strongly absorptive for 125I-labeled M3/38 MAb. Kidneys are also absorptive; however, evidence is presented pointing to the nonspecificity of this absorption. Lymph node and thymus are negative, whereas spleen and bone marrow are weakly absorptive, probably due to stromal cells. Nonlymphoid tissues, such as lung, liver, heart, and brain, exhibit slight or no absorbing capacity. Cell suspensions from spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and peripheral lymph node are greater than 99% Mac-2- by immunofluorescent flow cytometry. In contrast, thioglycollate-elicited macrophages are greater than 96% strongly positive for Mac-2. Only 20% of peptone-elicited cells are weakly positive, whereas resident peritoneal macrophages and other macrophage elicited by Listeria monocytogenes, Con A, or LPS are greater than 98% negative. SDS-PAGE of [35S]-methionine-labeled Mac-2 shows that thioglycollate-elicited macrophages synthesize 10- to 30-fold more Mac-2 than other peritoneal macrophage subpopulations, whereas all types of peritoneal macrophages synthesize and express on their surfaces similar amounts of the Mac-1 antigen. Mac-2 antigen is therefore induced in macrophages only in response to specific differentiative signals.
Fine specificity of a T cell line reactive to bovine insulin.
Authors: Reske-Kunz A B , Rüde E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A continuous T cell line was established from lymph node T cells of (high responder X low responder) hybrid mice ((B10 X B10.BR)F1) immune to bovine insulin (BI). T cells were expanded by restimulation with BI presented on irradiated syngeneic spleen cells and by culture in interleukin 2-containing medium. The proliferative response, measured in a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay, was specific for the selecting antigen BI; unrelated proteins did not induce DNA synthesis. However, in addition to BI the T blasts were efficiently restimulated by pig and sheep insulin, which are identical to BI except for the amino acid sequence in the A chain loop. This suggests that the T blasts recognized an antigenic determinant(s) different from the A chain loop epitope of BI, the essential antigenic moiety for cells of high responder parental H-2b mice. Induction of the blasts to DNA synthesis by the three insulins required the presence of F1 spleen cells. Parental strain B10 or B10.BR splenocytes failed to support a proliferative response, even when present as a mixture. The antigen-presenting determinants unique to F1 cells were mapped to the I-Ab/Kb and I-Ak loci. These data demonstrate that, although at least the majority of responding T cells in H-2b high responder mice recognize the A chain loop determinant of BI in the context of restriction elements of the b haplotype, T cells can be isolated from (high responder X low responder)F1 mice, which require recognition of other determinants on the insulin molecule in the context of F1 unique restriction structures for stimulation to occur.
Hapten-specific T cell responses to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl. XIII. Characterization of a third T cell population involved in suppression of in vitro PFC responses.
Authors: Sherr D H , Dorf M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The involvement of a third-order suppressor T cell population (Ts3) in the suppression of in vitro PFC responses was analyzed. It was shown that Ts2 effector-phase suppressor cells, induced by the i.v. injection of NP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells, require a third suppressor T cell population to effect NPb idiotype-specific suppression of an in vitro B cell response. This Ts3 population was shown to be present in NP-primed but not unprimed donors. The Ts3 population specifically binds NP and is Lyt-1-, Lyt-2+, I-J+ and bears NPb idiotypic determinants. The involvement of the Ts3 population in a suppressor pathway that requires recognition of idiotypic determinants is discussed.
Biosynthesis and processing of a human T lymphocyte antigen.
Authors: Bergman Y , Levy R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The biosynthesis and processing of Leu-1, a human T lymphocyte antigen, has been studied with the use of a monoclonal antibody. This molecule exists on the cell surface as a 67,000 m.w. glycoprotein. Through a series of pulse-labeling studies, in conjunction with the use of the antibiotic tunicamycin and the enzyme Endo-H, the details of glycosylation, processing, and deposition at the cell membrane were examined. The protein backbone of the molecule is 58,000 m.w. High-mannose sugars are added to asparagine residues during synthesis. Within 20 min, these high mannose sugars are converted to complex type carbohydrates, including fucose. The fully processed glycoprotein appears at the cell surface within 30 min after synthesis. This sequence of events is similar to that for other cell surface glycoproteins, including HLA and vesicular stomatitus virus glycoprotein.
Kinetics of extravasation and redistribution of IgA-specific antibody-containing cells in the intestine.
Authors: Husband A J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Double Thiry-Vella loops were prepared in rats, each locally immunized with a different antigen, and the kinetics of appearance in the loops of antibody-containing cells (ACC) specific for each antigen was recorded. The results confirm, under more rigorously controlled conditions, the conclusions of previous work that the initial appearance of IgA lymphoblasts in the intestinal lamina propria occurs independently of antigen. In addition, these findings are extended by demonstrating 1) that there is no specialized site within the intestinal lamina propria for ACC to enter the tissue; 2) that in immunized intestine, specific ACC progressively accumulate around the crypt regions; and 3) that a proportion of this specific accumulation can be accounted for by ACC proliferation within the lamina propria.
Chemotactic factor inactivation by stimulated human neutrophils mediated by myeloperoxidase-catalyzed methionine oxidation.
Authors: Clark R A , Szot S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Leukocyte chemoattractants were inactivated when exposed to human neutrophils and either ingestible particles or phorbol esters. Loss of biologic activity was time- and temperature-dependent, required physiologic concentrations of viable neutrophils and a halide, and was inhibited by azide or catalase. Neutrophils from patients with either hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency or chronic granulomatous disease failed to inactivate the chemoattractants unless purified myeloperoxidase or H2O2, respectively, was added. Susceptibility to inactivation by neutrophils correlated with the presence of methionine in the attractant. Loss of chemotactic activity was blocked by low concentrations of methionine and by higher concentrations of other reducing agents, but was unaffected by oxidized methionine. Paper chromatography demonstrated that exposure of a formyl-methionyl peptide chemotactic factor to either the cellfree myeloperoxidase system or stimulated neutrophils resulted in its conversion to a molecular species whose location in the chromatographs was identical to that of the peptide containing oxidized methionine. Thus, stimulated human neutrophils inactivate peptide chemoattractants by secretion of myeloperoxidase and H2O2, which combine with halides to form oxidants that react with a critical methionine residue. We suggest that myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thioethers may constitute an inflammatory control mechanism as well as a general means of modifying the functional properties of biologic mediators.
Macrophage surface component gp160: sensitivity to plasmin and other proteases.
Authors: Remold-O'Donnell E , Lewandrowski K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The correlation between activation of macrophages and increased secretion of plasminogen activator suggests that macrophages are exposed to the protease plasmin. Incubation of 125I-labeled, caseinate-elicited guinea pig peritoneal macrophages with plasmin cleaves a surface protein, gp160, characterized previously by its sensitivity to trypsin. The gp160 fragments produced by plasmin (fr85 and fr71), which remain disulfide-bonded in the membrane, comigrate with the fragments produced by trypsin, indicating close or identical cleavage sites. No other detectable 125I-labeled surface component is cleaved by plasmin. Neither gp160 nor any other detectable 125I-labeled surface component was cleaved by a series of other proteases associated with inflammation including thrombin, collagenase, pancreatic elastase, leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and urokinase. Analysis with the use of homogeneous plasmin from guinea pig plasma shows that concentrations as low as 50 micrograms/ml cause measurable cleavage of gp160 in 30 min.
Factors that modulate clearance and ultimate fate of a specific schistosome antigen (GASP) in schistosome infections.
Authors: Nash T E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To understand factors that modulate the amount and removal of antigen found in the circulation of schistosome-infected mice, a specific schistosome antigen, GASP, found in the circulation of infected animals, was radiolabeled with Bolton-Hunter reagent and injected into infected and control mice. The rates of clearance, levels of antigen binding, and the fate of the injected antigen were determined. Within 1 to 3 wk after injection, infected animals developed enhanced antigen clearance that paralleled the increase in antibody to GASP. Lightly infected animals showed faster clearance rates and increased antibody levels compared with heavily infected mice. The level of antibody in the sera, irrespective of the duration or intensity of infection, correlated with enhanced clearance. Heavily infected animals removed preformed immune complexes as rapidly as lightly infected mice. This indicates that the relative inability to clear antigen was not due to blockade of Kupffer cells. Circulating GASP antigen, determined by countercurrent electrophoresis, was detected in heavily infected animals in the presence of increased antibody, suggesting that circulating GASP was in immune complexes. Both free and complexed antigen were primarily cleared by the liver and then excreted in the urine as low m.w. nonantigenic products. With sensitive radioimmunoassays, GASP could not be detected in infected human or mouse urine.
Isolation, characterization, and mechanism of action of rat beta 1H.
Authors: Daha M R , van Es L A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
beta 1Hrat was purified to homogeneity from fresh rat plasma by precipitation with 28.6% ammonium sulfate followed by sequential chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Biorex-70, and gel filtration on Sephacryl-S300. The final material was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE analysis and had an apparent m.w. of 150,000. Reduction with dithiothreitol did not affect its m.w., suggesting that the molecule is composed of one polypeptide chain. The recovery of beta 1H was approximately 10%. A monospecific antibody against beta 1Hrat was obtained from immunized rabbits, which recognized beta 1Hrat as a protein with beta-electrophoretic mobility upon immunoelectrophoresis of fresh rat plasma. The concentration of beta 1H in plasma of normal 4-mo-old Wistar rats was 243.5 +/- 36.3 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.D.). beta 1Hrat in this study was detected by its capacity to inhibit formation of the P-stabilized cell-bound amplification C3/C5 convertase composed of cell-bound C3bhu and Bbhu. Purified beta 1Hrat produced a dose-related, first-order loss of convertase function and release of 126I-Bbhu from the P-stabilized C3bhuBbhu convertase, indicating a mechanism of action by decay-dissociation of Bbhu from the complex C3bhuBbhuP. beta 1Hrat was at least four times less effective than beta 1Hhu in release of 125I-Bbhu from the homologous convertase composed of C3bhu and Bbhu. On the other hand beta 1H was twice as effective in releasing 125I-Bbrat from the convertase composed of C3bratBbratP when compared to beta 1Hhu. These differences are presumably dependent upon the species-specific affinity of beta 1H from humans or rats for C3bhu or C3brat, respectively.
Properties of a surface antigen expressed on activated human thymus-derived lymphocytes.
Authors: Udey M C , Jendrisak M D , Parker C W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have identified previously a quantitatively minor membrane protein (p28) with an apparent reduced m.w. of 28,000, which is biosynthetically labeled in activated human lymphocytes. Rabbit antisera with activity directed against p28 (alpha-ATC) were prepared and p28 was identified by immunoprecipitation in NP-40 extracts of activated, extrinsically labeled lymphocytes. p28 was not expressed in appreciable amounts by unstimulated T cells, stimulated or unstimulated B cells, null cells, or adherent cells. Protein p28 was only minimally represented on resting thymocytes but was easily detected on 4-hr activated thymocytes and the T lymphoblastoid cell lines HSB2 and MOLT-4. Absorption and immunoprecipitation studies with alpha-ATC indicated that p28 was not present on erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, six B cell lines, six null cell lines, and seven other T lymphoblastoid cell lines. Protein p28 from HSB2 cells was absorbed by lentil lectin, concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin affinity columns and was eluted with the appropriate sugars. Gel filtration column chromatography of unreduced p28 in the presence of 0.5% NP-40 or 0.1% deoxycholate gave elution characteristics consistent with a m.w. of approximately 60,000 to 100,000. In preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF) studies the isoelectric point (pI (p28) = 5.2 to 6.1) was similar or identical to that described for the reduced and denatured protein in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels (pI = 5.5 to 6.2). Protein p28 was eluted from DEAE-cellulose (Whatman DE-52) ion exchange columns at 0.05 to 0.15 M NaCl. Experiments with monoclonal antibodies or heteroantisera specific for other T cell and B cell antigens and various lymphoblastoid cell lines and normal peripheral blood cells indicated that p28 is distinct from the human Ia-like antigens, from T3, T4, T5, T8, and from several other reported human T cell antigens that appear to correspond to Thy-1, the sheep erythrocyte receptor, and a human thymus-leukemia antigen.
Human helper T cell factor(s) (ThF). II. Induction of IgG production in B lymphoblastoid cell lines and identification of T cell-replacing factor- (TRF) like factor(s).
Authors: Teranishi T , Hirano T , Arima N , Onoue K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgG-PFC was induced in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) by the addition of allogeneic T cells. T cells involved in the induction of IgG-PFC were shown to belong to the Leu 3a+/2a- T cell subset. Furthermore, partially purified soluble factors obtained from the culture supernatant of PPD-stimulated pleural T cells or PWM-stimulated tonsillar mononuclear cells was shown to induce IgG-PFC in LCL across the major histocompatibility complex barrier. The induction of IgG-PFC was observed only in surface IgG-positive LCL cell populations and was not accompanied by the increase in the number of LCL cells. The factors with such a TRF-like activity were found in two fractions corresponding to the m.w. range of 18,000 to 25,000 (22K fraction) and 28,000 to 38,000 (36K fraction) by gel filtration. Isoelectric focusing of these fractions revealed that TRF-like activity of both 22K and 36K fractions distributed in the pI range of 5.0 to 6.0, and both fractions were found to be devoid of TCGF activity. These results appear to indicate that the factors act on the B cells in terminal stages to trigger final differentiation to Ig-producing cells.
Differences in expression of MHC products between several H-2-restricted CTL clones.
Authors: Hauptfeld V , Braciale T J , Shreffler D C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Five cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, all specific for influenza virus A/JAP/57 and all H-2Kd-restricted, were typed for expression of MHC products. All express H-2K and H-2D encoded antigens, but they differ in their expression of I region products. One clone, 14-2, is positive with antisera directed against serologically detectable products apparently related to three different I regions, namely I-A, I-J, and I-E. Two clones, 11-1 and 14-1, lack I-E-associated antigens but express I-A and I-J products, and two other clones, 14-7 and 14-13, lack detectable I region products. These observations show that although discrete CTL clones may be homogeneous in their function, they differ in their expression of I region products.
Immunosuppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. III. In vitro evidence for induction of suppressor T lymphocytes in draining lymph node cells of animals immunized with myelin basic protein complexed to lipopolysaccharides.
Authors: Raziuddin S , Kibler R F , Morrison D C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Lewis rats immunized with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) precomplexed to guinea pig myelin basic protein (BP) in complete Freund's adjuvant were less effective in inducing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) than BP-immunized controls. When tested in vitro both lymph node cells (LNC) and spleen cells (SpC) of animals immunized with BP-LPS were less effective in proliferative responses to various mitogens, which included phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, purified protein derivative of tuberculin, LPS, and BP. Of importance immunization of rats with BP complexed to LPS results in the generation of cells in lymph nodes of these animals that suppress the mitogenic response of BP-immunized LNC and also SpC in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The suppressive effect of these cells in mixed lymphocyte culture reaction was found specifically in response to BP and to a lesser extent to LPS in LNC. SpC of BP-LPS immunized animals did not suppress the proliferative response to SpC of BP-immunized animals. Treatment of these LNC with antithymocyte serum and complement abolished this suppressive effect of LNC, suggesting that the immunoregulatory cells in LNC of BP-LPS immunized animals are suppressor T lymphocytes. The parallel between the in vitro induction of suppressor T lymphocytes in the draining LNC and the function of LPS in the development of EAE in Lewis rats suggests a possible immunologic significance of the effect.
Induction in mice of cell-mediated immunity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa by high molecular weight polysaccharide and vinblastine.
Authors: Pier G B , Markham R B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of the cytotoxic drug vinblastine on the development of immunity to high m.w. polysaccharide (PS) isolated from culture supernates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. One microgram of PS, a normally nonimmunogenic, nonprotective dose, plus 75 micrograms of vinblastine were administered to BALB/c mice, and afforded protection to live organism challenge with the homologous strain. The kinetics and serotype specificity of the immune response indicated an active immunization had occurred. Analyses of serum antibody levels of mice given the PS-drug regimen in a sensitive, radioactive antigen-binding assay (RABA) failed to show development of antibody to the immunizing PS. Immunity could be passively transferred with spleen cells but not by serum from PS-drug-immunized animals, and the effector cell was removed by antisera to the Thy-1.2 antigen. Nu/nu mice were also protected against challenge after immunization with PS and vinblastine, but this protection was observed in association with the development of serum antibody to PS in these mice, as measured in the RABA. Protective immunity could not be elicited in the BALB/c mice by PS plus cyclophosphamide. These data suggest that under certain conditions, PS antigens can elicit T cell-dependent immune phenomena, and this T cell-dependent immunity can protect mice from live organism challenge against an extracellular bacterial pathogen.
Murine epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor resembles murine interleukin 1.
Authors: Luger T A , Stadler B M , Luger B M , Mathieson B J , Mage M , Schmidt J A , Oppenheim J J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have previously described an epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), which is produced by the murine PAM 212 keratinocyte cell line. ETAF appeared to be similar to macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1) in its biologic activities and biochemical characteristics. Both IL 1 and ETAF augment thymocyte proliferation, enhance lymphocyte production of interleukin 2 (IL 2), and are 15,000 m.w. polypeptides that are stable at pH 4 to 11 and from -70 degrees C to 60 degrees C. In this study we describe a quantitative microassay to obtain standardized assessment of ETAF activity, which enabled us to further define the characteristics of ETAF and its relationship to IL 1. Just as stimulated macrophages produce more IL 1 activity, Pam 212 keratinocyte production of ETAF activity was increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or silica. Increased levels were also obtained by mechanical disruption of confluent monolayers of keratinocytes and by blocking proliferation of the Pam 212 cells with hydroxyurea at the G1/S interphase. These observations in conjunction with a concomitant decrease in keratinocyte viability suggest that "injurious" stimuli that prolong the G1 phase of the cell cycle factor ETAF production. ETAF, like murine IL 1, has an isoelectric point of 5.2. The same subpopulations of PNA-thymocytes that respond to PHA and IL 1 are responsible for the enhanced proliferative response to ETAF. Furthermore, as in the case of IL 1, PNA- Lyt-2- thymocytes were most responsive to ETAF, but not PNA+ LYt-2+ thymocytes. Finally, ETAF activity, like IL 1, appears to be a mitogenic signal for fibroblasts. Although produced by different cell types, these observations continue to support the view that ETAF may be identical or closely related to IL 1.
Hepatobiliary transport of IgA immune complexes: molecular and cellular aspects.
Authors: Brown T A , Russell M W , Mestecky J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The molecular and cellular parameters of the transport of IgA immune complexes (IgA-IC) from the circulation to the bile in vivo were studied in mice. Polymeric MOPC 315 IgA was effective in the transport of 125I-DNP-HSA into the bile, whereas complexes containing monomeric IgA were not transported. The transport to IgA-IC could be blocked by excess from IgA of different antigen specificity, but not by IgG or IgM. Hepatobiliary transport did not appear to involve the galactose- or mannose-specific glycoprotein receptors of the liver. No differences in IgA-IC transport, relative to controls, could be seen in mice that had been treated with cobra venom factor or whose mononuclear phagocytic system had been blockaded with colloidal carbon. These data suggested that the hepatobiliary transport of IgA-IC proceeds by a mechanism similar to the selective transport of free polymeric IgA through the hepatocyte.