bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Did the cia Kill Lumumba?
Authors: Rotberg Robert I. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Williams’ White Malice: The cia and the Covert Recolonization of Africa is a crusading examination of what the cia did in Africa in the 1960s, and it suggests that the cia, working closely with Congo army chief Joseph Mobutu and coordinating with secessionist leaders in Katanga, was responsible for Patrice Lumumba’s assassination. Recently uncovered hard evidence from cia files reveals the Agency’s connivings in, with, and against Africa and Africans during the first years of independence, involving cia station heads, accomplices, the many shady characters tasked with nasty deeds against African leaders, and those many miscreants who supplied information and surveillance about African political and industrial personalities. The book is a reminder of our misconceptions, our failures to read Africa well, our willingness to let ends dictate means, and a testament to blinkered policy making.
Entangled Poetics: Two Bioartists in the Anthropocene
Authors: Royston Anne M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Poet-artists Christian Bök and Karin Bolender pose two interventions into bioart, with radically different conceptions of the nonhumans involved. In Böks Xenotext project (2002–present), a microbe becomes an archive and writing machine through DNA manipulation. Bolender’s The Unnaming of Aliass (2002–2020) documents her life with the ass Aliass and the unexpected results it yields. Both projects attempt to establish communication with nonhumans, but their approaches have drastically different consequences. Bök ultimately ends up reinscribing well-worn anthropocentric biases. In contrast, Bolender’s capacious version of animal husbandry moves away from machines and mastery over circumstances and animals, following a principle akin to Karen Barad’s “intra-action” to suggest a course correction for bioartists’ work with nonhumans.
SoundRunner: Out of the Starting Blocks
Authors: Berezan David G. , Karageorghis Costas I. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a project in the art-science nexus. SoundRunner is a platform that exploits the potential of electroacoustic music to create an interactive sound- and music-making experience. The project investigates how data on running performance can be harnessed in real time to drive musical creation. A range of psychological indices (and associated analyses) is used to assess the effects of the SoundRunner platform on runners. Driven by health and well-being imperatives, the project served to augment running experience with unique sound and music. The paper discusses implications regarding running performance and the further technological development of SoundRunner.
Infinite Barnacle: The AI Image and Imagination in GANs from Personal Snapshots
Authors: Salvaggio Eryk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Today’s artificial intelligence image generation tools create images from datasets. These training sets are typically images sourced from the World Wide Web. However, artists may produce their own datasets from photographs. This essay explores one such process. In it, the artist discusses training a generative adversarial network (GAN) from images of personal memories. These images are shared here not as public artworks, but as personal photographs: snapshots reproduced and newly imagined by a machine. The essay explores the distortion that AI image generation introduces to memory and imagination, connecting ideas of photography to cybernetics to expose new ways of theorizing the image in the current stage of AI. It concludes that a theory of A imagery may borrow from theories of traditional photography but must examine its distinctions.
The Drive to Draw: Perceptual Attention and Communicative Intention
Authors: Riley Howard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article argues that drawing facilitates an intelligence of seeing, a visualcy, that should be as important as literacy and numeracy at all levels of the educational curriculum. The author likens cave drawings c. 40,000 years ago to an “external hard drive,” alleviating biological constraints on brain capacity by preserving shareable information about predators and prey necessary for survival during a period of expanding social networks, ultimately leading to humans becoming the globally dominant species. The author reviews theories of visual perception, fundamental to any pedagogy of drawing; discusses modes of visual “attention,” defining the difference between “focused” and “distributed;” and relates both to intentional communication through drawing, the progenitor of writing.
Letters and Livelihood: R. Baḥya ben Asher’s Commentary on the Recitation of the Manna Story
Authors: Pinto Idan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article studies kabbalistic interpretation of a ritual of unknown origin: the daily recitation of the manna episode (Exod 16:1–36). This episode foregrounds a major theme in the writings of R. Baḥya ben Asher ibn Halawa (c.1255–1340) and many other medieval kabbalists: the cyclical nature of sustaining existence. Baḥya’s interpretation builds on two primary sources: R. Jacob ben Sheshet Gerondi’s commentary on Ps 145 in his kabbalistic polemic Meshiv Devarim Nekhoḥim, and a hermeneutic tradition derived from Hasidic-Ashkenazi biblical exegesis. The article also examines roughly analogous works that illuminate Baḥya’s hermeneutical outlook.
River Defense and Fleet Building: The Song Navy in the Wars against the Jin and Mongol Forces
Authors: Li Xiaobing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Song dynasty established a standing naval force, which was ignored by some historians since Song lost its defensive wars to the Jin and Mongol forces. This article examines improvements and innovations of Chinese naval operations during Song and pays particular attention to how the state economic reforms and state-centered financial system supported naval development. Song’s population growth and demographic changes also provided manpower for the government to maintain a huge army while establishing a large navy. As the new age of naval and siege warfare emerged, gunpowder weapons and new naval technology became more widespread. The Chinese military adapted to naval warfare during the Southern Song because it was economically and technologically possible. The south’s mastery of riverine warfare created a substantial defensive advantage against the north. Thus, when the Mongols later mastered riverine warfare, they penetrated throughout the south.
The Bacchius Fragment: A Critical Edition
Authors: Terzḗs Chrḗstos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Among the treatises on ancient music theory transmitted in the course of the manuscript tradition, a short excerpt stemmed from Bacchius’ Eisagōgē technēs mousikēs is located in seven medieval manuscripts, usually known as the ‘Bacchius fragment’, edited by Ruelle in 1875. The present paper investigates the manuscript tradition of the Bacchius fragment, dates the terminus ante quem of its compilation and restores its archetype; ultimately the Bacchius fragment is presented in a new critical edition with an English translation and commentary.
Inside the Hydra: Taking the Ancient Water Organ Seriously
Authors: Hagel Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although ancient sources describe the mechanism of the ancient water organ’s wind supply in considerable detail, modern attempts at recreating such a device have remained unsatisfactory. A study of the relations between the shape of the pressure chamber, its size, possible water levels and the ensuing usable air pressure and volume suggests that the true hydraulis played at much higher pressures than has been commonly assumed. Such pressures would support reed pipes much more readily than flue pipes; this, in turn, can explain the sound volume that we must expect from an instrument that was used in open spaces and inherently noisy environments.
The study of double-J stent free mode of flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy: a single centre experience
Authors: Xu Ming , Han Xiaoyun , Zhu Jin , Sun Chuanyang , Tao Wei , Xue Boxin 
Published: March 2023

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of flexible ureteroscopy in the treatment of kidney and upper ureteral calculi under double-J stent free mode. Methods Data from patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy between February 2018 and September 2021 were retrospectively and analysed. Cases were grouped according to pre- or postoperative use of the double-J stent (6 Fr): Post-F group (preoperative double-J stent but no postoperative double-J stent); Pre-F group (no preoperative stenting but with postoperative double-J stent); and Routine group (preoperative and postoperative double-J stenting). Results A total of 554 patients (390 male and 164 female) were included. The mean operation time was similar between the three groups, with no statistically significant difference. Incidence of grade 0–1 ureteral injury was significantly higher in the Pre-F group versus other groups, but there were no significant between-group differences in other operation-related complications. During follow-up, stent-associated complications were observed in the Pre-F and Routine groups, but not in the Post-F group. Stone clearance rates were similar between all groups at 1, 3 and 6 months following surgery. Conclusions Flexible ureteroscopy using double-J stent free mode was found to be safe, feasible and effective in treating renal and upper ureteral calculi.
Fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats with chronic enteropathies
Authors: Zornow Kailee A , Slovak Jennifer E , Lidbury Jonathan A , Suchodolski Jan S , Steiner Joerg M 
Published: March 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (CE) with healthy control cats. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Forty-nine cats that had gastrointestinal signs for >3 weeks and a complete diagnostic work-up, including bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound and upper and/or lower gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies, were enrolled into the CE group. Nineteen cats from the CE group were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and 30 with alimentary lymphoma (LSA), based on histopathology results and additional testing with immunohistochemistry or molecular clonality testing with PCR if indicated. Nineteen apparently healthy control cats were included in the study. One fecal sample was collected from each cat and S100A12 concentrations were quantified by an analytically validated in-house ELISA. Results Fecal S100A12 concentrations differed between cats with LSA (median 110 ng/g; interquartile range [IQR] 18-548) and control cats (median 4 ng/g; IQR 2-25 [ P <0.001]) and between cats with IBD (median 34 ng/g; IQR 15–973) and control cats ( P <0.003). S100A12 concentrations in CE cats (median 94 ng/g; IQR 16–548) were statistically significantly higher compared with control cats ( P <0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to separate healthy cats from CE cats was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.92) and was statistically significant ( P <0.001). The AUROC to separate cats with IBD from cats with LSA was 0.51 (95% CI 0.34–0.68) and was not statistically significant ( P = 0.9). Conclusions and relevance Fecal S100A12 concentrations at the time of diagnostic investigation were higher in cats with CIE and LSA than in healthy controls but did not differ between cats with LSA and those with CIE/IBD. This study is an initial step toward evaluating a novel non-invasive marker of feline CIE. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic utility of fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats with CE, including comparing cats with IBD/CIE and LSA, and to compare them with cats with extra-gastrointestinal disease.
Characteristics of orthognathic multidisciplinary team clinics in England. Part 2: A qualitative study
Authors: Paul Ninu R , Rolland Sarah L 
Published: March 2023

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the orthodontist’s perspective of the strengths and weaknesses of their current multidisciplinary team (MDT) design for orthognathic treatment. Participants and methods: This was a qualitative study using online interviews of orthodontic consultants across England. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. This was the second part of a two-part study, where the first part, an online questionnaire survey, identified the variation in design of orthognathic MDTs across England and was the source of the 19 participants for this study. Results: Seven themes were identified that influenced the design of orthognathic MDTs across England. Close working relationship with the team, access to closed surgery space to conduct the MDT and access to 3D planning were identified as definite strengths of some MDT clinics. Lack of a team psychologist and long waiting lists were identified as weaknesses of some orthognathic MDTs. Teaching and training within MDT clinics were highlighted as a strength of MDTs where surgery spaces were not restricted due to the pandemic. Finally, there was general agreement about revising the orthognathic minimum dataset for records collection as it was not thought to be in the patient’s best interest. Conclusion: This study was able to identify key areas considered to be determinants of a successful orthognathic MDT design from the orthodontic consultant’s perspective. Orthodontic consultants across England prioritised the need for a psychologist in the orthognathic MDT to improve the effectiveness of these clinics.
Immersive Live Streaming of Surgery Using 360-Degree Video to Head-Mounted Virtual Reality Devices: A New Paradigm in Surgical Education
Authors: Gandsas Alejandro , Dorey Trevor , Park Adrian 
Published: March 2023

Background Prior studies have demonstrated the value of live streamed surgical procedures in surgical education and that learning is further enhanced with the use of 360-degree video. Emerging virtual reality (VR) technology now offers yet another advancement by placing learners in an immersive environment, which can improve both engagement and procedural learning. Aims The aim here is to test the feasibility of live streaming surgery in immersive virtual reality using consumer-level technology, including stream stability and impacts on case duration. Methodology Ten laparoscopic procedures were live-streamed in a 360-degree immersive VR format over a 3-week period for viewing by surgical residents in a remote location wearing a head-mounted display. Stream quality, stability and latency were monitored, and operating room time was compared to non-streamed surgeries to quantify impacts on procedure times. Conclusions This novel live streaming configuration was able to deliver high-quality, low-latency video directly to a VR platform, allowing complete immersion into the learning environment by remote learners. Live streaming surgical procedures in an immersive VR format provides an efficient, cost-effective, and reproducible way to teleport remote learners from any location directly into the operating room.
Can elbow arthroscopic posterior portals damage the anconeus nerve? A cadaveric study
Authors: Colozza Alessandra , Cavaciocchi Michele , Perna Luigi , Artioli Elena , Mazzotti Antonio , Faldini Cesare 
Published: March 2023

Background Neurological injuries are among the most reported complications of elbow arthroscopy. Several cadaveric studies have assessed the relationship between nerves and arthroscopic portals. To our knowledge, no studies evaluated the anconeus nerve. This anatomic study aimed to identify the course of the anconeus nerve and to investigate its anatomic relation with posterior elbow portals, providing useful information to preserve it during surgery. Methods Twelve fresh frozen elbows were dissected to isolate the radial nerve and its branch to the anconeus muscle. Distances between the anconeus nerve, olecranon tip, and lateral epicondyle were measured. Posterior, posterolateral and soft spot portals were created and their proximity to the nerve was measured. Results The anconeus nerve showed an average distance from the lateral epicondyle of 19.67 mm (SD 1.44 mm) and from the olecranon of 22.33 mm (SD 1.72 mm). The posterolateral portal was 1 mm medial to the nerve. The soft spot portal was located where the nerve enters the muscle. Discussion An important finding of this study was the closeness between the anconeus nerve and the posterolateral and soft spot portals, resulting in a high risk of nerve damage. More medial placement of the posterolateral portal may avoid anconeus nerve injury and consequent muscle denervation.
An online survey of postmenopausal women to determine their attitudes and knowledge of the menopause
Authors: Aljumah Rawan , Phillips Samantha , Harper Joyce C 
Published: March 2023

Objective To explore postmenopausal women’s attitudes and knowledge of the menopause. Study design An online survey to evaluate women’s attitudes and knowledge of the menopause, promoted via social media. In this study, only the data from 829 women who identified as postmenopausal were analysed. Main outcome measures Quantitative and qualitative data. Results Regarding women’s attitudes towards the menopause before they went through it, 18.0% were accepting of it, 15.8% were dreading it and 5.1% were looking forward to it. 38.1% of women felt that the menopause was difficult, 24.6% felt it was very difficult and 20.7% felt it was fine. 94.1% of women had never been taught about the menopause at school, and 49.0% did not feel informed at all about the menopause. More than 60% started looking for information regarding menopause as their symptoms started. The qualitative thematic analysis of the participants’ responses produced six themes: the need for education, knowledge and understanding of symptoms, why is getting treatment so difficult, feelings and attitudes towards the menopause, the impact of menopause on a woman’s life, the importance of the media – are they getting it right. Conclusion Women’s lack of education and their healthcare professionals’ lack of adequate training on the menopause means that women enter this critical life stage uneducated and unsupported. It is vital that everyone is taught about the menopause and that general practitioners receive proper training. The negative narrative of menopause needs to be re-addressed to normalise the menopause and give postmenopause women hope.
Oxidative DNA damage in reconstituting T cells is associated with relapse and inferior survival after allo-SCT
Authors: Karl F. , Liang C. , Böttcher-Loschinski R. , Stoll A. , Flamann C. , Richter S. , Lischer C. , Völkl S. , Jacobs B. , Böttcher M. , Jitschin R. , Bruns H. , Fischer T. , Holler E. , Rösler W. , Dandekar T. , Mackensen A. , Mougiakakos D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the only curative treatment option for a number of hematologic malignancies. Its therapeutic potential relies on the potency of donor T cells to eliminate residual malignant cells, the so-called graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Disease relapse remains the most frequent treatment failure and is associated with poor outcome. Therefore, it is inevitable to decipher mechanisms that weaken GVL. In recent years, studies of tumor biology have revealed that metabolic remodeling of the micromilieu can critically regulate immune responses. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species leads to a metabolic condition known as oxidative stress, which can severely hamper T cells. Currently, only a few studies, mainly using preclinical models, have demonstrated the occurrence of oxidative stress after allo-SCTs. Therefore, we sought to investigate oxidative stress in a well-characterized group of patients who underwent allo-SCT and its impact on reconstituting T cells. We identified high concentrations of serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as an established biomarker for oxidative stress. 8-OHdG is one of the major products of DNA oxidation, which is normally rapidly removed. After allo-SCT, T cells accumulated oxidative DNA damage. High cellular 8-OHdG content (8-OHdGhi) was associated not only with signs of enhanced T-cell activation but also premature exhaustion. The inability of 8-OHdGhi T cells to efficiently target malignant cells or produce cytotoxic granzyme B and interferon gamma was associated with a significantly increased relapse risk and a shorter overall survival. Taken together, our novel findings could give reason to focus on bolstering DNA repair in reconstituting T cells as a means to improve GVL efficacy.
Discrete patterns of microbiome variability across timescales in a wild rodent population
Authors: Fenn Jonathan , Taylor Christopher , Goertz Sarah , Wanelik Klara M. , Paterson Steve , Begon Mike , Jackson Joe , Bradley Jan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMammalian gastrointestinal microbiomes are highly variable, both within individuals and across populations, with changes linked to time and ageing being widely reported. Discerning patterns of change in wild mammal populations can therefore prove challenging. We used high-throughput community sequencing methods to characterise the microbiome of wild field voles (Microtus agrestis) from faecal samples collected across 12 live-trapping field sessions, and then at cull. Changes in α- and β-diversity were modelled over three timescales. Short-term differences (following 1–2 days captivity) were analysed between capture and cull, to ascertain the degree to which the microbiome can change following a rapid change in environment. Medium-term changes were measured between successive trapping sessions (12–16 days apart), and long-term changes between the first and final capture of an individual (from 24 to 129 days). The short period between capture and cull was characterised by a marked loss of species richness, while over medium and long-term in the field, richness slightly increased. Changes across both short and long timescales indicated shifts from a Firmicutes-dominant to a Bacteroidetes-dominant microbiome. Dramatic changes following captivity indicate that changes in microbiome diversity can be rapid, following a change of environment (food sources, temperature, lighting etc.). Medium- and long-term patterns of change indicate an accrual of gut bacteria associated with ageing, with these new bacteria being predominately represented by Bacteroidetes. While the patterns of change observed are unlikely to be universal to wild mammal populations, the potential for analogous shifts across timescales should be considered whenever studying wild animal microbiomes. This is especially true if studies involve animal captivity, as there are potential ramifications both for animal health, and the validity of the data itself as a reflection of a ‘natural’ state of an animal.