bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kritische Lebensereignisse und die Aufnahme freiwilligen Engagements bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Benthin Richard 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungFreiwilliges Engagement ist eine zentrale Form gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe und bildet einen wichtigen Erfahrungsraum für lebenslanges Lernen. Welche Rolle freiwilliges Engagement als potenzieller Lernraum für die Bewältigung kritischer Lebensereignisse von Ehrenamtlichen spielt, ist jedoch bislang nicht untersucht. Eine solche Betrachtung könnte dazu beitragen, die Genese bislang weitgehend isoliert untersuchter Motive biografisch einzubetten und somit ein tieferes Verständnis für die Grundlagen freiwilligen Engagements zu erlangen. Gegenstand des vorliegenden Artikels ist die motivationstheoretisch und transformationstheoretisch fundierte empirische Untersuchung des Verhältnisses zwischen kritischen Lebensereignissen und der Aufnahme eines ehrenamtlichen Engagements. Auf der Basis einer explorativen, qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von neun episodischen Interviews werden drei Typen der Bewältigung kritischer Ereignisse durch freiwilliges Engagement vorgestellt. Abschließend werden die präsentierten Typen unter Bezugnahme auf bestehende empirische Befunde diskutiert.
Amenability of South African Banded Iron Formation (BIF) to Fines Gravity Processing
Authors: Da Corte Carla , Singh Ashma , Letsoalo Kagisego 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBanded Iron Formations (BIF) are sedimentary rock formations ranging in age from 0.8 to 3.8 billion years and consist of alternating layers of silica and iron. The thickness of the alternating layers varies between and within deposits, with this lithology forming approximately two-thirds of South Africa’s future low-grade hematite resources. The production costs for South African iron ore producers are approximately double that of the largest iron ore producers, namely, Brazil and Australia. This in conjunction with volatile commodity prices, necessitated a cost-sensitive beneficiation strategy for low-grade hematite to sustain the industry and extend life of mine. A BIF sample grading at 44% Fe and comprising predominantly of hematite and quartz with minor amounts of magnetite and goethite was subjected to three fines gravity processing routes to establish the amenability of this sample to beneficiation. To provide flexibility for iron ore producers who still have high-grade resources available, two product grades were considered, namely a 60% Fe product for further blending or a 63% Fe product for direct sales.
Experts, activists, and girl bosses of the nuclear apocalypse: feminisms in security discourse
Authors: Egeland Kjølv , Taha Hebatalla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHaving long been regarded as irrelevant to the high politics of foreign affairs, feminism and gender equality have in recent years gained increased attention in international security debates, including discussions about nuclear weapons policy. Several governments have adopted official feminist foreign policy postures, international security institutions have launched inquiries into gender equity and representation, and a myriad of security actors have enthusiastically embraced the language of women’s empowerment. Mapping the various modes of purported feminist practice on display in the nuclear policy field, we find that being “pro women” has become a sought-after rhetorical asset on both sides of the nuclear weapons debate. Reflecting wider trends in the corporate world, constituents of the nuclear weapons industry have increasingly embraced liberal feminist language and workplace diversity goals. These practices, we suggest, have helped challenge the perception of the nuclear industry as overly masculine, aiding recruitment to, and overall political legitimation of, the nuclear weapons enterprise. This development is significant because it functions to undercut the association between feminism and opposition to nuclear weapons, thus complicating efforts to advance arms control and disarmament through feminist interventions.
In vitro cancer models as an approach to identify targetable developmental phenotypes in cancer stem cells
Authors: Biddle Adrian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCancer therapeutics are often highly toxic to the patient, and they often elicit rapid resistance in the tumour. Recent advances have suggested a potential new way in which we may improve on this, through two important concepts: (1) that multitudinous pathway alterations converge on a limited number of cancer cellular phenotypes, and (2) that these cancer cellular phenotypes depend on reactivation of developmental processes that are only minimally active in adult tissues. This provides a rationale for pursuing an approach of ‘drugging the phenotype’ focussed on targeting reactivated cellular processes from embryonic development. In this concepts paper, we cover these recent developments and their implications for the development of new cancer therapeutics that can avoid patient toxicity and acquired resistance. We then propose that in vitro tumour and developmental models can provide an experimental approach to identify and target the specific developmental processes at play, with a focus on the reactivation of developmental processes in the cancer stem cells that drive tumour progression and spread. Ultimately, the aim is to identify cellular processes that are specific to developmental phenotypes, are reactivated in cancer stem cells, and are essential to tumour progression. Therapeutically targeting these cellular processes could represent a new approach of ‘drugging the phenotype’ that treats the tumour whilst avoiding patient toxicity or the acquisition of therapeutic resistance.
Facts about incoherence as non-evidential epistemic reasons
Authors: Schmidt Eva 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a counterexample to the principle that all epistemic reasons for doxastic attitudes towards p are provided by evidence concerning p. I begin by motivating and clarifying the principle and the associated picture of epistemic reasons, including the notion of evidence concerning a proposition, which comprises both first- and second-order evidence. I then introduce the counterexample from incoherent doxastic attitudes by presenting three example cases. In each case, the fact that the subject’s doxastic attitudes are incoherent is an epistemic reason to suspend, which is not provided by evidence. I argue that this incoherence fact is a reason for the subject to take a step back and reassess her evidence for her conflicting attitudes, and thus a reason to suspend all of them. Suspending judgment enables the subject to revise attitudes where appropriate and thus (typically) to arrive at a set of coherent and well-supported attitudes. I then address a dilemma for my proposal and, in conclusion, briefly suggest a picture of epistemic reasons on which they are to be understood against the background of the subject’s virtuous intellectual conduct.
The Entrepreneurial University's Impact on Regional Socioeconomic Development: The “Alumni Policymaker” Mechanism
Authors: Klingler-Vidra Robyn , Chalmers Adam William 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch has examined the impact of the “entrepreneurial university” on regional socioeconomic development by focusing on the entrepreneurial intentions and performance of alumni, staff, and students. The study of impact, to date, has focused on direct and short-term mechanisms, such as alumni's entrepreneurial activities, faculty spin-outs, and active public engagement with policy agendas. Our point of departure is in conceptualizing and empirically testing a longer-term and more systemic mechanism. We theorize and empirically test how the entrepreneurial university imprints on its graduates, some of whom take on leadership positions in innovation policymaking years later. We test this relationship by employing a text-as-data approach to examine the extent to which innovation policy leaders speak about startup-centric innovation, comparing the media coverage of entrepreneurial university alumni relative to their peers. Our original dataset comprises the 485 individuals who held senior innovation policy positions in East Asia's eleven largest economies from 1998 to 2019, detailing their educational background and media coverage (10,816 documents). We conceptualize the “alumni policymaker” mechanism, which constitutes entrepreneurial university alumni shaping the future of national innovation policy by referring to startup-centric innovation three times more than their peers. Those who completed MBAs at entrepreneurial universities express an even greater preference for startup-centric innovation policy.
The shape of lipsmacking: socio-emotional regulation in bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)
Authors: Albuquerque Natalia , Savalli Carine , Belli Marina , Varella Ana Clara , Felício Beatriz , França Juliana , Izar Patrícia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Capuchin monkeys have rich social relationships and from very young ages they participate in complex interactions with members of their group. Lipsmacking behaviour, which involves at least two individuals in socially mediated interactions, may tell about processes that maintain, accentuate or attenuate emotional exchanges in monkeys. Lipsmacking is a facial expression associated with the establishment and maintenance of affiliative interactions, following under the ‘emotional regulation’ umbrella, which accounts for the ability to manage behavioural responses. We investigated behaviours related to the emitter and to the receiver (infant) of lipsmacking to answer the question of how lipsmacking occurs. In capuchin monkeys, lipsmacking has been previously understood solely as a face-to-face interaction. Our data show that emitters are engaged with infants, looking longer towards their face and seeking eye contact during the display. However, receivers spend most of the time looking away from the emitter and stay in no contact for nearly half of the time. From naturalistic observations of wild infant capuchin monkeys from Brazil we found that lipsmacking is not restricted to mutual gaze, meaning there are other mechanisms in place than previously known. Our results open paths to new insights about the evolution of socio-emotional displays in primates.
The cultural evolution of teaching
Authors: Brandl Eva , Mace Ruth , Heyes Cecilia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTeaching is an important process of cultural transmission. Some have argued that human teaching is a cognitive instinct – a form of ‘natural cognition’ centred on mindreading, shaped by genetic evolution for the education of juveniles, and with a normative developmental trajectory driven by the unfolding of a genetically inherited predisposition to teach. Here, we argue instead that human teaching is a culturally evolved trait that exhibits characteristics of a cognitive gadget. Children learn to teach by participating in teaching interactions with socialising agents, which shape their own teaching practices. This process hijacks psychological mechanisms involved in prosociality and a range of domain-general cognitive abilities, such as reinforcement learning and executive function, but not a suite of cognitive adaptations specifically for teaching. Four lines of evidence converge on this hypothesis. The first, based on psychological experiments in industrialised societies, indicates that domain-general cognitive processes are important for teaching. The second and third lines, based on naturalistic and experimental research in small-scale societies, indicate marked cross-cultural variation in mature teaching practice and in the ontogeny of teaching among children. The fourth line indicates that teaching has been subject to cumulative cultural evolution, i.e. the gradual accumulation of functional changes across generations.
Gods are watching and so what? Moralistic supernatural punishment across 15 cultures
Authors: Bendixen Theiss , Lightner Aaron D. , Apicella Coren , Atkinson Quentin , Bolyanatz Alexander , Cohen Emma , Handley Carla , Henrich Joseph , Klocová Eva Kundtová , Lesorogol Carolyn , Mathew Sarah , McNamara Rita A. , Moya Cristina , Norenzayan Ara , Placek Caitlyn , Soler Montserrat , Vardy Tom , Weigel Jonathan , Willard Aiyana K. , Xygalatas Dimitris , Lang Martin , Purzycki Benjamin Grant 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Psychological and cultural evolutionary accounts of human sociality propose that beliefs in punitive and monitoring gods that care about moral norms facilitate cooperation. While there is some evidence to suggest that belief in supernatural punishment and monitoring generally induce cooperative behaviour, the effect of a deity's explicitly postulated moral concerns on cooperation remains unclear. Here, we report a pre-registered set of analyses to assess whether perceiving a locally relevant deity as moralistic predicts cooperative play in two permutations of two economic games using data from up to 15 diverse field sites. Across games, results suggest that gods’ moral concerns do not play a direct, cross-culturally reliable role in motivating cooperative behaviour. The study contributes substantially to the current literature by testing a central hypothesis in the evolutionary and cognitive science of religion with a large and culturally diverse dataset using behavioural and ethnographically rich methods.
Robust reconstruction of glacier beds using transient 2D assimilation with Stokes
Authors: Cook Samuel , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Fürst Johannes 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInitialising model glaciers such that they match well with their real counterparts and are thus able to make more accurate predictions is an ongoing challenge in glacier modelling. We set out a data-assimilation approach using an ensemble Kalman filter in a 2D flowline example that provides one possible solution to this problem. We show that our approach is valid across a range of parameters and scenarios, including deliberately data-deficient or inaccurate ones, and leads to robust retrieval of the glacier bed. We also provide some suggestions for how best to use data assimilation within a mountain-glacier context.
Variable motion encoding within Chinese: a usage-based perspective
Authors: Chen Shujun , Wu Lihuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLanguages differ considerably in the way they encode motion. Previous research on motion encoding has paid much attention to inter-typological variation (i.e., variation between language types) and intra-typological variation (i.e., variation within language types), but less focus on intra-linguistic variation (i.e., variation within particular languages). To fill this niche, the current study compares actual motion and metaphorical motion in Standard Mandarin Chinese with a corpus-based approach. We ask whether the typological properties in actual motion extend to metaphorical motion. The results indicate that the answer is negative. The typological properties including lexicalization patterns and the distribution of semantic components vary by both event type (actual motion vs. metaphorical motion) and genre (fiction vs. non-fiction) within Chinese. The intra-linguistic variation can be explained by additional factors – the pragmatic context and the structural property of Chinese. These findings support a constructional proposal of the motion event typology, which is a more nuanced typology that expands the binary distinction between V-languages and S-languages. In this proposal, the consideration of the scalar dimension enables more explicit descriptions of variation within languages (shift left- or rightward on the scale) and more accurate explanations for these phenomena.
A Case Study of Academic Facilitation of the Global Illicit Trade in Cultural Objects: Mary Slusser in Nepal
Authors: Smith Emiline , Thompson Erin L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, we consider the role that academics play in the global illicit trade in cultural objects. Academics connect sources to buyers and influence market values by publishing looted and stolen cultural objects (passive facilitation) and by collaborating with market players, including by collecting artifacts themselves (active facilitation). Their actions shape market desire, changing what is targeted for looting, theft, and illicit trading across borders. However, this crucial facilitative role often goes unnoticed or unaddressed in scholarship on collecting, white collar crime, and the illicit market in cultural objects. This article explores the importance of academic facilitation through a case study of the career of Mary Slusser, a renowned American scholar of Nepali art and art history.
Low self-esteem: a refined cognitive behavioural model
Authors: Rimes Katharine A. , Smith Patrick , Bridge Livia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMelanie Fennell’s (1997) seminal cognitive approach to low self-esteem was published in Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. The current paper proposes a refined model, drawing on social theories, and research with people with socially devalued characteristics. This model emphasises how self-esteem relates to perceptions of one’s value in the eyes of others. It is proposed that core beliefs typical of low self-esteem relate to one’s value in relation to personal adequacy (e.g. having worth or status) and/or to social connection (e.g. being liked, loved, accepted or included). In each of these value domains, beliefs about both the self (e.g. ‘I am a failure’, ‘I am unlovable’) and others (e.g. ‘Others look down on me’, ‘Others don’t care about me’) are considered important. The model suggests that everyone monitors their value but in people with low self-esteem, cognitive biases associated with underlying beliefs occur. In the context of trigger situations, this results in a greater likelihood of negative appraisals of perceived threat to one’s value. Such appraisals activate underlying negative beliefs, resulting in negative mood (e.g. low mood, anxiety, shame, disgust) and other responses that maintain low self-esteem. Responses which can be used excessively or in unhelpful ways include (a) corrective behaviours; (b) compensatory strategies; (c) increased value monitoring; (d) safety-seeking behaviours; (e) rumination; (f) unhelpful mood regulation responses. These responses can adversely impact daily functioning or health, having the counterproductive effect of maintaining negative beliefs about one’s value. Examples are provided for low self-esteem in lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals.
Cognitive behavioural anger treatment for adults with intellectual disabilities: effects of therapist experience on outcome
Authors: Taylor John L. , Novaco Raymond W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Anger has been shown to be associated with aggression and violence in adults with intellectual disabilities in both community and secure settings. Emerging evidence has indicated that cognitive behavioural anger treatment can be effective in reducing assessed levels of anger and violent behaviour in these patient populations. However, it has been suggested that the effectiveness of these types of interventions is influenced by the experience and training of the therapists.Method:In this service evaluation study, the pre- and post-treatment and 12-month follow-up assessment scores of 88 detained in-patient adults with intellectual disabilities and forensic histories who received cognitive behavioural anger treatment were examined in order to investigate whether participants’ responsiveness to treatment was associated with treatment being delivered by qualified versus unqualified therapists.Results:Overall significant reductions in self-reported measures of anger disposition and anger reactivity were found with no significant time × therapist experience interaction effects. However, the patients treated by qualified therapists improved significantly on measures of anger control compared with those allocated to unqualified therapists.Conclusions:Male and female detained patients with intellectual disabilities and forensic histories can benefit from an individual cognitive behavioural anger treatment intervention delivered by qualified and unqualified therapists, but therapist experience may be important in supporting patients to develop more complex anger control coping skills.
Factors associated with death literacy among Swedish adults: A cross-sectional exploratory study
Authors: Johansson Therese , Tishelman Carol , Eriksson Lars E. , Cohen Joachim , Goliath Ida 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesDeath literacy is a recent conceptualization representing both individual and community competence, for example, a set of knowledge and skills for engaging in end-of-life-related situations. Little is yet known about which factors are associated with death literacy. A cross-sectional survey using the Swedish version of the Death Literacy Index, the DLI-S, was therefore conducted to explore associations between death literacy and sociodemographic, health, and experience variables.MethodsA quota sample of 503 adults (mean age 49.95 ± 17.92), recruited from an online Swedish survey panel, completed a survey comprising the DLI-S and background questions.ResultsA hierarchical regression model with 3 blocks explained 40.5% of the variance in death literacy, F(22, 477) = 14.75. The sociodemographic factors age, gender, education, widowhood, and religious/spiritual belief accounted for 13.7% of the variance. Adding professional care factors contributed to an additional 15.8% of variance, with working in health care being significantly associated with death literacy. Including experiential factors explained another 11.0% of the variance, of which experiences of caring for and supporting dying and grieving people, both in a work, volunteer, or personal context, were positively associated with death literacy.Significance of resultsThis study contributes a tentative explanatory model of the influence of different factors on death literacy, outlining both direct and indirect associations. Our findings also support the hypothesized experiential basis for death literacy development in the Swedish context. The moderate degree of overall variance explained suggests there may be additional factors to consider to better understand the death literacy construct and how its development may be supported.
IHL in the era of climate change: The application of the UN climate change regime to belligerent occupations
Authors: Pezzot Romina Edith 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article invites the reader on a journey through the legal arguments that would confirm the application of the United Nations (UN) climate change regime to belligerent occupations. Although the regime is silent on this issue, its application should not be limited to peacetime due to the seriousness of global climate change and its adverse effects on the environment and living entities. A harmonious interpretation and application of the UN climate change regime and the law of occupation would allow Occupying Powers to ensure the safety and well-being of the civilian population and contribute to the protection of the Earth's climate system.