bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liberal nationalism and Central American refugees: What is America's national responsibility?
Authors: Herr Ranjoo Seodu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn an era of unprecedented numbers of migrants from the global south to the global north, nationalism has become synonymous with liberal states' ethnocentric, xenophobic, and racist immigration policies. The Trump administration's treatment of Central American refugees has been taken as a prime example. By focusing on liberal cultural nationalism, this paper demonstrates that these prevailing perceptions about nationalism are unfounded. Although liberal cultural nationalism has been accused of endorsing restrictive immigration policies, the degree to which liberal cultural nationalism's immigration policies are restrictive is context dependent; under certain circumstances, liberal nationalism may call for relaxing immigration policies to admit certain types of immigrants by invoking the idea of national responsibility. Consequently, liberal cultural nationalism offers one of the strongest liberal arguments for admitting certain kinds of migrants from the global south. The Central American refugee crisis at the U.S. southern border is analysed as a case study to illustrate this.
The influences of stomatal size and density on rice abiotic stress resilience
Authors: Caine Robert S. , Harrison Emily L. , Sloan Jen , Flis Paulina M. , Fischer Sina , Khan Muhammad S. , Nguyen Phuoc Trong , Nguyen Lang Thi , Gray Julie E. , Croft Holly 
Published: January 2023

Summary

A warming climate coupled with reductions in water availability and rising salinity are increasingly affecting rice (Oryza sativa) yields. Elevated temperatures combined with vapour pressure deficit (VPD) rises are causing stomatal closure, further reducing plant productivity and cooling. It is unclear what stomatal size (SS) and stomatal density (SD) will best suit all these environmental extremes.

To understand how stomatal differences contribute to rice abiotic stress resilience, we screened the stomatal characteristics of 72 traditionally bred varieties. We found significant variation in SS, SD and calculated anatomical maximal stomatal conductance (gsmax) but did not identify any varieties with SD and gsmax as low as transgenic OsEPF1oe plants.

Traditionally bred varieties with high SD and small SS (resulting in higher gsmax) typically had lower biomasses, and these plants were more resilient to drought than low SD and large SS plants, which were physically larger. None of the varieties assessed were as resilient to drought or salinity as low SD OsEPF1oe transgenic plants. High SD and small SS rice displayed faster stomatal closure during increasing temperature and VPD, but photosynthesis and plant cooling were reduced.

Compromises will be required when choosing rice SS and SD to tackle multiple future environmental stresses.
A study on the survival prediction for patients with oral cancer in southwest China
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Ming , Chen Siyu , Cui Qingying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic value of the variables were evaluated in 418 postoperative oral cancer patients with oral cancer in southwest China between January 2013 and December 2020. Nomogram was developed based on the study, and its predictive performance and clinical utility were evaluated.ResultsThe univariate analysis showed gender, preoperative fibrinogen, preoperative platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, flap repair of defect, functional neck dissection (FND), tumor differentiation, tumor, node, metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, the maximum tumor diameter, and postoperative radiotherapy had a significant influence on the survival of patients with oral cancer in southwest China (p < 0.05).The multivariate analysis showed preoperative PLR value, FND, and tumor differentiation had significant influence on the prediction of survival (p < 0.05). However, smoking and drinking are not prognostic risk factors for oral cancer. The discriminant analysis showed 66.3% of the patients could be correctly predicted for postoperative survival, while both the C‐index and decision curve analysis (DCA) showed this study may be taken as a reference for predicting the postoperative survival of patients with oral cancer.ConclusionPreoperative PLR, FND, and tumor differentiation are independent prognostic factors for patients with oral cancer in southwest China. The results of this study have been visualized using a nomogram and a DCA.
Plants strike back: Plant volatiles and their role in indirect defence against aphids
Authors: Karalija Erna , Šamec Dunja , Dahija Sabina , Ibragić Saida 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs sessile organisms, plants have evolved different strategies to defend themselves against various biotic stressors. An important aspect of the complex response of plants to biotic stress is the emission of volatile compounds (VOCs), which are involved in direct and indirect plant defence mechanisms. Indirect plant defences include a range of plant traits that mediate defence against herbivores and play an important ecological role by not only utilising plants' own capabilities, but also signalling and attracting natural enemies of herbivores. Often the combination of volatiles emitted is specific to herbivores; they are consequently recognised by parasites and other predators, providing a clear link between the volatile signature and the prey. In this review, we focus on indirect plant defence and summarise current knowledge and perspectives on relationships between plants, aphids and parasitic wasps.
Australasian Sleep Association position statement on consensus and evidence based treatment for primary snoring
Authors: Sarkis Leba M. , Jones Andrew C. , Ng Andrew , Pantin Christopher , Appleton Sarah L. , MacKay Stuart G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrimary snoring impacts a significant portion of the adult population and has the potential to significantly impair quality of life. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide evidence‐based recommendations to assist Australasian practitioners in the management of adult patients who present with primary snoring without significant obstructive sleep apnoea. The Timetable, Methodology and Standards by which this Position Statement has been established is outlined in the Appendix S1.The main recommendations are:
Weight loss, and reduced alcohol consumption should be recommended, where appropriate
If clinical judgement dictates, benzodiazepine and opioid reduction or avoidance may be advised
Positional therapy should be considered in supine dominant snorers
In dentate patients, Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) should be recommended as a first line treatment following assessment by both an appropriate Dentist and Sleep physician
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices may be recommended in patients with primary snoring in those already committed to their use or willing to try
Surgical treatment of primary snoring by an appropriately credentialled surgeon may be advised and includes nasal (adjunctive), palatal and other interventions
This position statement has been designed based on the best available current evidence and our combined expert clinical experience to facilitate the management of patients who present with primary snoring. It provides clinicians with a series of both non‐surgical and surgical options with the aim of achieving optimal symptom control and patient outcomes. This is the first such set of recommendations to be established within Australasia and has also been reviewed and endorsed by the Australasian Sleep Association.
Do colored cells in risk matrices affect decision‐making and risk perception? Insights from randomized controlled studies
Authors: Proto Ruri , Recchia Gabriel , Dryhurst Sarah , Freeman Alexandra L. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRisk matrices communicate the likelihood and potential impact of risks and are often used to inform decision‐making around risk mitigations. The merits and demerits of risk matrices in general have been discussed extensively, yet little attention has been paid to the potential influence of color in risk matrices on their users. We draw from fuzzy‐trace theory and hypothesize that when color is present, individuals are likely to place greater value on reducing risks that cross color boundaries (i.e., the boundary‐crossing effect), leading to sub‐optimal decision making. In two randomized controlled studies, employing forced‐choice and willingness‐to‐pay measures to investigate the boundary‐crossing effect in two different color formats for risk matrices, we find preliminary evidence to support our hypotheses that color can influence decision making. The evidence also suggests that the boundary‐crossing effect is only present in, or is stronger for, higher numeracy individuals. We therefore recommend that designers should consider avoiding color in risk matrices, particularly in situations where these are likely to be used by highly numerate individuals, if the communication goal is to inform in an unbiased way.
Effectiveness of an 18‐week general strength and foam‐rolling intervention on running‐related injuries in recreational runners
Authors: Desai Pia , Jungmalm Jonatan , Börjesson Mats , Karlsson Jón , Grau Stefan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRationaleMore research is needed to uncover the effectiveness of combined strength and foam‐rolling interventions to prevent running‐related injuries.ObjectivesTo evaluate effectiveness of an 18‐week general strength and foam‐rolling intervention on the incidence of running‐related injuries.MethodThis is an 18‐week observational comparative study. A total of 433 recreational runners participated (n = 203 female). The intervention group (n = 228) performed general strength and foam‐rolling exercises twice weekly for 18 weeks, the control group (n = 205) maintained their regular training habits. Running volume and running‐related pain were reported weekly. Secondary analyses were performed on the subgroups of the intervention group based on compliance; low compliance (n = 100), intermediate compliance (n = 63), and high compliance (n = 65). Cumulative incidence proportions were calculated and time‐to‐event statistics were performed to compare survival times between groups. Univariate cox proportional hazards ratio was calculated to estimate the risk of running‐related injuries at 18 weeks.ResultsA total of 100 running‐related injuries were sustained. The cumulative incidence proportion for the control and intervention groups was 27.1% (95% CI: 21.4–33.9) and 23.0% (95% CI: 17.8–29.4), respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the overall intervention group and control group (log‐rank p = 0.31). A significant difference existed between the high‐compliance subgroup and the control group (log‐rank p = 0.00). Highly compliant runners were 85% less likely (hazard rate ratio = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05–0.46) to sustain an injury during the study compared with controls.ConclusionRecreational runners highly compliant with the intervention were 85% less likely and took on average 57 days longer to sustain a running‐related injury when compared with controls, with a cumulative incidence proportion of 4.6% after 18 weeks.
Comparing Canadian Lyme disease risk area classification methodologies
Authors: Robinson Emily L. , Jardine Claire M. , Russell Curtis , Clow Katie M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLyme disease risk areas have increased across Canada in recent decades with the ongoing range expansion of Ixodes scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi. Different methodologies are used by federal and provincial governments to determine local Lyme disease risk, which can make comparisons between regions challenging. In this study, seven Canadian Lyme disease risk classification methodologies were compared with each other to highlight the strengths and limitations of how each definition measured I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi risk. Each methodology was applied to active surveillance data from Ontario, and per cent agreement and kappa statistics were calculated. The methodologies varied in their measurements of the risk of exposure to I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi based on their use of active surveillance techniques, multiple types of collected surveillance data and laboratory confirmation of B. burgdorferi. Most initial Lyme disease risk site classifications were maintained over time. Kappa and per cent agreement statistics highlighted large differences between 8 of the 15 methodology pairings, indicating the presence of inconsistencies between most methodologies. Accurate, consistent surveillance and assessment of the spread of I. scapularis and its pathogens will aid with communicating Lyme disease risk to the public and preventing tick‐borne pathogen transmission.
A Novel Design of Rim Sealing Flow for Improving Sealing Effectiveness
Authors: Qiang Du , Ruonan Wang , Lei Xie , Guang Liu , Zengyan Lian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRim seal structures and sealing flows are essential in aero engines for preventing hot gas ingestion from mainstream to turbine disk cavities. A novel design method of rim sealing flow path based on auxiliary sealing holes and sealing air re-distributions has been proved to improve sealing effectiveness. The present paper uses this method to re-design the axial rim sealing flow in a high-pressure turbine front cavity in an engine turbine. The incidence angle of the auxiliary sealing air has been proved to have a significant influence on sealing performance. Three different incidence angles, 0-deg, 35-deg, and 70-deg, with the maximum angle close to the vane exit flow angle, are investigated using unsteady computational fluid dynamics methods validated by experimental data. Sealing effectiveness, swirl ratio, unsteady flow structures in both rim clearance and wheel space cavity are considered. The auxiliary sealing air with a swirl in the circumferential direction is proved to improve and uniform swirl ratio and suppress flow instabilities. This results in a reduction in hot gas ingestion and a considerable improvement in sealing effectiveness. The mechanisms of improving sealing effectiveness using this novel method are explained. The conclusions may support the understanding of the complex flow mechanisms near the rim seal, provide references for the design of this novel structure and give possibilities to improve rim seal performance and engine efficiency.
A New Shear Deformation Theory in Axiomatic Framework for Bending and Buckling Analysis of Cross-Ply and Angle-Ply Laminated Composite Plates
Authors: Dhuria Mohit , Grover Neeraj , Goyal Kavita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, a new higher order hyperbolic shear deformation theory for mechanical analysis of cross-ply and angle-ply multilayered plates is developed. Analytical solution to the static and buckling responses of symmetric and anti-symmetric composite laminates is presented. The proposed theory considers secant hyperbolic function of thickness coordinate in the displacement field. Also the developed theory assumes non-linear distribution of displacements and ensures that the top and lower surfaces of the plates have zero shear stresses. The equilibrium equations are obtained by applying the principle of virtual work. The stiffness characteristics of cross-ply and angle-ply laminates are taken into account when solving these governing equations. The closed-form Navier solution satisfying the corresponding boundary conditions is derived for simply supported (SS) composite plates. The results for non-dimensional deflections, and stresses of composite laminates under the effect of sinusoidal and uniform distributed load are thus obtained. The uni-axial and bi-axial loading force are used to evaluate critical buckling loads. Furthermore, the impact of span thickness ratio, aspect ratios, fiber orientation, modulus ratio, etc. on static and buckling analysis plates is also studied. The validity of present formulation is demonstrated by comparing our results with some of the available results in the literature.
Evaluating the Role of Canalicular Morphology and Perilacunar Region Properties on Local Mechanical Environment of Lacunar–Canalicular Network Using Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Sang Wen , Ural Ani 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Physiological and pathological processes such as aging, diseases, treatments, and lactation can alter lacunar–canalicular network (LCN) morphology and perilacunar region properties. These modifications can impact the mechanical environment of osteocytes which in turn can influence osteocyte mechanosensitivity and the remodeling process. In this study, we aim to evaluate how the modifications in the canalicular morphology, lacunar density, and the perilacunar region properties influence the local mechanical environment of LCN and the apparent bone properties using three-dimensional finite element (FE) modeling. The simulation results showed that a 50% reduction in perilacunar elastic modulus led to about 7% decrease in apparent elastic modulus of the bone. The increase in canalicular density, length, and diameter did not influence the strain amplification in the models but they increased the amount of highly strained bone around LCN. Change in lacunar density did not influence the strain amplification and the amount of highly strained regions on LCN surfaces. Reduction in perilacunar elastic modulus increased both the strain amplification and the volume of highly strained tissue around and on the surface of LCN. The FE models of LCN in this study can be utilized to quantify the influence of modifications in canalicular morphology, lacunar density, and perilacunar region properties on the apparent bone properties and the local mechanical environment of LCN. Although this is a numerical study with idealized models, it provides important information on how mechanical environment of osteocytes is influenced by the modifications in LCN morphology and perilacunar region properties due to physiological and pathological processes.
Effects of Part-to-Part Flow Variations on Overall Effectiveness and Life of Rotating Turbine Blades
Authors: Knisely Brian F. , Berdanier Reid A. , Wagner Joel H. , Thole Karen A. , Arisi Allan N. , Haldeman Charles W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As firing temperatures in gas turbine engines continue to increase to achieve high efficiencies, components in the main gas path must be protected with cooling flows to ensure lifing targets are met. Manufacturing variations, however, influence the performance and life characteristics of components with the same nominal design. This study presents blade flow and overall cooling effectiveness measurements for nine true-scale, aero engine turbine blades with realistic manufacturing variations. Flow measurements were made through each blade at a fixed pressure ratio to determine flow variability between holes and between blades. Infrared thermography was used to capture spatially-resolved temperature measurements reported as overall effectiveness on the same nine blades under high-speed rotating conditions at the Steady Thermal Aero Research Turbine Laboratory. Thermal performance was correlated with blade flow performance indicating substantial blade-to-blade variations resulting from manufacturing differences. Measurements also indicated wide variations in cooling jet trajectories as well as overall cooling effectiveness. Finally, the observed blade-to-blade variations in effectiveness were scaled to engine conditions with lifing estimates showing some blades would be expected to last only half as long as others due to manufacturing variability.
Root morphology, growth, and physiology in Begonia (Malus × micromalus) grown in copper hydroxide containers
Authors: Zhou Yumei , Yang Ming , Deng Jifeng , Tai Zhijuan , Luan Dongtao , Zhu Siyi , Jia Jingjing , Yang Zhuo , Luo Yuxin , Wu Wen 
Published: January 2023

A major concern with container seedlings is root circling and deformation that will affect post-planting performance and stability. To improve root quality, 3-year-old Begonia ( Malus × micromalus) plants were grown in the containers treated on interior surfaces with different concentrations of copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 g L−1) for 1 year. Compared with the standard container control (SC) and carrier asphalt container control (AC), the number of terminal lateral roots and lateral root volume were increased by 21% and 13% at 80 and 120 g L−1 Cu(OH)2 but decreased by 8% and 10% at 200 g L−1 Cu(OH)2. Only 80 g L−1 Cu(OH)2 increased the plant height and root weight, while other concentrations of Cu(OH)2 resulted in the declines. Phosphorus and potassium were improved with lower concentrations of Cu(OH)2 but decreased with 160 and 200 g L−1 Cu(OH)2. No significant difference in the concentrations of soluble protein and sugars in leaves was observed between Cu(OH)2 treatments and the controls. AC decreased nitrogen concentration in leaves by 12% over the SC across the whole growing season and increased taproot diameter by 17%. Our results indicate that 80 g L−1 Cu(OH)2 was the optimum concentration for root pruning and the maintenance of physiological function. Disadvantages in growth and physiology gradually showed up with increased concentrations.
Sophora alopecuroides Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Damage of Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Sun Ting , Chen Lei , Liu Rui , Liu Qing-Shan , Cheng Yong 
Published: January 2023

For centuries, Sophora alopecuroides L. has been used both as a food and an herbal medicine in northern China. A new cytisine-type alkaloid, N-methylene-(5,7,4[Formula: see text]-trihydroxy)-isoflavone (LY01), was found in the fruits of Sophora alopecuroides L. and shows neuroprotective effects against Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is a frequently occurring, irreversible neurodegenerative disease that seriously threatens the health of the elderly population. There is no cure for PD. The available treatments help manage the symptoms, but their use is limited by multiple side effects. Therefore, more pharmacological treatments addressing this pathology are urgently required. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of LY01 against PD, as well as their underlying mechanisms, using both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. A 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD was used to assess the effects of LY01 on the motor coordination deficit, progression of the pathology, and molecular characteristics. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP[Formula: see text])-activated SH-SY5Y cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 cells were used to evaluate LY01 effects on oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. In the rotarod test, LY01 alleviated the impaired motor coordination in PD mice. Furthermore, LY01 treatment prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum of the PD mice, reduced neuroinflammation in the mice with MPTP-induced PD and the LPS-activated BV-2 cells, and diminished oxidative stress in the PD mice and the MPP[Formula: see text]-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, these results suggest the potential of LY01 as a therapeutic agent for treating PD.