bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burning Rate of Wood Cribs with Controlled Airflow
Authors: McAllister S. , Grumstrup T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is a dire need to improve our prediction capabilities of wildland fire behavior in a range of conditions from marginal burning to the most extreme. In order to develop a more physically-based operational wildland fire behavior model, we need to improve our understanding of the effect of ventilation on burning rate of fuel beds. In this work, wood cribs are used as a simplified fuel bed. A variety of crib designs were tested with stick sizes ranging from 0.32 cm to 1.27 cm and porosities ranging from densely packed to loosely packed. A pressurized box was built that allowed for a controlled flow rate of air through the cribs from 100 LPM to 1000 LPM. The mass loss rates with forced ventilation were compared to tests conducted outside of the box under unrestricted quiescent conditions. For the flow rates tested here, the burning rate was generally observed to increase with flow. The amount of air naturally induced into a crib while burning was deduced to be best related to the vent area and the square root of the stick spacing (Avs1/2). It was seen that the air-to-fuel ratio inside a fuel bed burning in quiescent conditions is approximately 1.11, indicating that over 75% of the air required to completely combust the pyrolysis gases is entrained in the plume. When the supplied air is less than the amount normally entrained in ambient burning, the crib is under-ventilated and the proportional reduction in the burning rate does not seem to depend on the crib characteristics. When the crib is over-ventilated, however, the relative increase in the burning rate does vary with crib design. Simple physical arguments were used to correlate the data. Future work will include testing at higher flow rates, different moisture contents, and with cribs built with multiple stick thicknesses.
Using Sequential Pattern Mining to Understand How Students Use Guidance While Doing Scientific Calculations
Authors: Verstege Sjors , Zhang Yingbin , Wierenga Peter , Paquette Luc , Diederen Julia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn natural science education, experiments often lead to the collection of raw data that need to be processed into results by doing calculations. Teaching students how to approach such calculations can be done using digital learning materials that provide guidance. The goal of this study was to investigate students’ behaviour regarding the use of guidance while doing scientific multi-step calculations, and to relate this behaviour to learning. Sequential pattern mining was used to i) identify students’ behaviour patterns while doing calculations in an online learning environment, ii) study the relation between use of guidance and success on first attempt at submitting a calculated value, iii) study the relation between students’ use of guidance and learning gain, and iv) study the relation between students’ use of guidance and prior knowledge. Data showed that all students frequently used the guidance provided in the learning task. Moreover, students who used the option to check their intermediate calculations and students who studied worked examples were more likely to successfully complete the calculation on their first attempt than students who did not use this guidance. Guidance in the form of hints was used frequently. However, using the hints did not result in more success at the first attempt. We did not find a relation between learning gain and use of guidance, but we did find a trend that students with a low prior knowledge used more guidance compared to students with a high prior knowledge. The results of this study imply that providing hints and intermediate calculations is of utmost importance for students to independently complete scientific multi-step calculations.
The Measurement of Soret and Thermodiffusion Coefficients in Binary and Ternary Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Köhler W. , Mialdun A. , Bou-Ali M. M. , Shevtsova V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis review provides an overview of the major, currently used techniques for investigating the Soret effect and measuring thermodiffusion and Soret coefficients, and in most cases also isothermal Fickian diffusion coefficients, in liquid mixtures. The methods are introduced with a focus on binary mixtures. The optical methods comprise optical beam deflection (OBD), optical digital interferometry (ODI) both on the ground and under microgravity conditions in the SODI-IVIDIL experiment for the study of the influence of vibrations onboard the International Space Station, which are all based on Soret cells. The transient holographic grating technique of thermal diffusion-forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS) employs light not only for detection of the concentration changes but also for optical volume heating. Thermogravitational columns (TGC) utilize the coupling between convection and thermodiffusion to create concentration changes inside a vertical column with a horizontal temperature gradient. While samples are analyzed after extraction from the column in a classical setup, the recently developed transparent microcolumn allows for interferometric in situ monitoring of the concentration field. The most recent technique relies on the measurement of giant non-equilibrium fluctuations (NEFs) by small-angle light scattering techniques. Research on ternary mixtures, both on the ground and in microgravity, has gained momentum in the context of the DCMIX microgravity project of ESA. Most techniques employed for binaries can be extended to ternaries by introducing a second detection color or by analyzing both refractive index and density of extracted TGC samples. The accuracy is limited by the unavoidable inversion of the so-called contrast factor matrix.
From Paratexts to Print Machinery
Authors: Goh Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to decentre the proprietary author in copyright law by attending to some peripheral matters of Immanuel Kant’s periodical essay, ‘On the Wrongfulness of Reprinting’ (1785), as indices of its medial-material conditions of possibility. We consider not only the epitextual background of the German Enlightenment in which the Berlinische Monatsschrift was produced, but also the peritextual specimens of catchwords, signature marks, and various front matter of Kant’s essay. This medial reading suggests the periodical to be deeply involved in the operations of a print machinery preceding the authorial figure, the existence of which perturbs copyright law’s attachment to original authorship.
Comparative evaluation of uncertainty estimation and decomposition methods on liver segmentation
Authors: Cangalovic Vanja Sophie , Thielke Felix , Meine Hans 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose

Deep neural networks need to be able to indicate error likelihood via reliable estimates of their predictive uncertainty when used in high-risk scenarios, such as medical decision support. This work contributes a systematic overview of state-of-the-art approaches for decomposing predictive uncertainty into aleatoric and epistemic components, and a comprehensive comparison for Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) between mutual information decomposition and the explicit modelling of both uncertainty types via an additional loss-attenuating neuron.

Methods

Experiments are performed in the context of liver segmentation in CT scans. The quality of the uncertainty decomposition in the resulting uncertainty maps is qualitatively evaluated, and quantitative behaviour of decomposed uncertainties is systematically compared for different experiment settings with varying training set sizes, label noise, and distribution shifts.

Results

Our results show the mutual information decomposition to robustly yield meaningful aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty estimates, while the activation of the loss-attenuating neuron appears noisier with non-trivial convergence properties. We found that the addition of a heteroscedastic neuron does not significantly improve segmentation performance or calibration, while slightly improving the quality of uncertainty estimates.

Conclusions

Mutual information decomposition is simple to implement, has mathematically pleasing properties, and yields meaningful uncertainty estimates that behave as expected under controlled changes to our data set. The additional extension of BNNs with loss-attenuating neurons provides no improvement in terms of segmentation performance or calibration in our setting, but marginal benefits regarding the quality of decomposed uncertainties.
The Role of Nanocrystallization for the Enhancement of Structural, Electrical, and Transport Properties of BaTiO3-V2O5-PbO Glasses
Authors: Morad Ibrahim , Harby Amany E. , Ayoub M. S. , Ali H. Elhosiny , El-Desoky M. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlass-ceramic nanocrystals (GCNs) were created via annealing at crystallization temperature Tc for the parent BaTiO3-V2O5-PbO glasses prepared by the melt quenching technique. The amorphous character of the existing quenched glasses was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the general characteristics of x-ray diffraction support the amorphous nature of the glasses. In the related heat-treated samples, the typical nanostructure size is less than 60 nm. It was discovered that an increase in the density of the GCNs occurred with an increase in the BaTiO3 percentage. Also, with increasing BaTiO3 content, a slight increase was observed in the crystallization and glass transition temperature from 335°C to 365°C and 265°C to 320°C, respectively. It was revealed that suitable nanocrystallization at temperatures around the onset of Tc for 1 h was able to significantly increase the electronic conductivity of the initial glasses. The accumulation of V4+–V5+ pairs at the interlayer zones created between nanocrystallites and the glassy phase were accountable for electron hopping in the current approach, which was significantly higher than in the glass phase. The experimental findings were investigated in a model based on the “core–shell” idea. Appropriate values for the different small polaron hopping (SPH) variables were found from the best fits. Non-adiabatic hopping of small polarons was responsible for the conduction. As a result of the alteration of the nanostructure, conductivity was enhanced. Compared to the original glasses, the final materials have significantly better electrical conductivity. Such characteristics can be utilized in the design for industrial applications.
Long-term Follow-up 15 Years After Duodenal Switch or Gastric Bypass for Super Obesity: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Möller Filip , Hedberg Jakob , Skogar Martin , Sundbom Magnus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
In super obesity, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may be insufficient why some surgeons advocate biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), a more malabsorptive procedure. There is a paucity of evidence regarding results beyond 10 years, especially after BPD/DS. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the long-term outcome of BPD/DS, and RYGB in patients with super obesity, i.e., body mass index (BMI) > 50 kg/m2.

Methods
This is a 13- to 17-year follow-up study of a single-center, single-blinded randomized trial in which 47 patients (BMI > 48 and eligible for bariatric surgery) were randomized 1:1 to BPD/DS and RYGB (25 men, 24 BPD/DS, 39.1 ± 9.9 years, BMI 54.5 ± 6.1 kg/m2). The primary outcome was weight loss. The study was financed by Swedish governmental funding of clinical research (ALF). Trial registration number: ISRCTN10940791.

Results
Thirty-four (18 BPD/DS) of the living 42 patients (81.0%) participated. BPD/DS resulted in higher BMI loss (20.4 ± 7.9 vs. 12.4 ± 8.6, p = .008) and higher percent of total body weight loss (37.5% ± 12.2 vs. 22.8% ± 14.8, p = .004). BPD/DS was associated with lower fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as lower hemoglobin. Adverse events were more common after BPD/DS (2.7 vs. 0.9 per patient, p = .004). The global assessment tool BAROS (Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System) demonstrated superior scores for BPD/DS (p = .047).

Conclusion
When compared to RYGB, BPD/DS results in superior weight loss and metabolic control as well as superior BAROS score, however, at the cost of more adverse events.

Graphical Abstract
Influence of news media use and political discussions on social self-efficacy through sense of unity: an analysis of mediation model invariance with Spanish and Portuguese adolescents
Authors: Salado Vanesa , Gaspar Tania , Moreno-Maldonado Concepción , de Matos Margarida Gaspar , Rivera Francisco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiscussing sociopolitical issues with family or friends during adolescence, as well as staying informed through media outlets, is key to developing active civic engagement for both youth and future adults. Likewise, these communicative exchanges promote a sense of belonging and social skills which foster adolescents’ wellbeing. This research aims to analyze the influence of participation in communication about political and social issues on adolescents’ social self-efficacy, both directly and as well as indirectly through sense of unity, in two Mediterranean countries (Portugal and Spain). The sample was selected through random multistage sampling by conglomerates. The 36,992 adolescents (50.6% girls and 49.4% boys) participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Portugal and Spain, and the age groups were distributed as following: 39.6% 13–14-years-old; 35.8% 15–16-years-old; and 25.6% 17–18-years-old. Analyses showed positive associations between the proposed indicator of civic engagement –news media use and political discussions– and social self-efficacy, both directly as well as through sense of unity, with similar results for adolescents in Portugal and Spain. Accordingly, educational programs promoting communication about sociopolitical issues could foster adolescents’ sense of unity and social skills, contributing to their positive development, wellbeing, and civic engagement. Curricular materials on current politics and social affairs could increase classroom dialogue based on respect, healthy peer relationships, and sense of belonging, fostering effective political socialization amongst youth and the development of democratic behaviors beneficial to society.
Moralisation of medicines: The case of hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Lalumera Elisabetta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe concept of moralisation of health behaviours was introduced in social psychology to describe the attribution of moral properties to habits and conditions like smoking or being a vegetarian. Moral properties are powerful motivators for people and institutions, as they may trigger blame, stigma, and appraisal, as well as the polarisation of interest and scientific hype. Here I extend the concept and illustrate how medicines and treatments can be seen as if they had moral properties, too, when they come to be regarded as good or bad in the moral sense, and not just in the instrumental sense of benefiting or harming health. I propose the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) controversy of 2020 as an example of moralisation of a medicine. HCQ and chloroquine are anti-malarial drugs, whose off-label use for Covid-19 was hotly discussed in the early months of the pandemic, both in the media and within the scientific community, and eventually dismissed when robust evidence came out. The point of the paper is to show that moralisation of health products and treatments may influence individual and institutional decisions in significant ways, and also affect research. For these reasons, it should be carefully monitored and critically assessed.
Gravity field modelling in mountainous areas by solving the nonlinear satellite-fixed geodetic boundary value problem with the finite element method
Authors: Macák Marek , Minarechová Zuzana , Čunderlík Róbert , Mikula Karol 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe paper concerns a novel concept based on the iterative approach applied for solving the nonlinear satellite-fixed geodetic boundary value problem (NSFGBVP) using the finite element method (FEM). We formulate the NSFGBVP that consists of the Laplace equation defined in the 3D bounded domain outside the Earth, the nonlinear boundary condition (BC) prescribed on the disretized Earth’s surface, and the Dirichlet BC given on a spherical boundary placed approximately at the altitude of GOCE satellite mission and additional four side boundaries. The iterative approach is based on determining the direction of actual gravity vector together with the value of the disturbing potential. Such a concept leads to the first iteration where the oblique derivative boundary value problem is solved, and the last iteration represents the approximation of the actual disturbing potential and the direction of gravity vector. As a numerical method for our approach, we implement the FEM with triangular prisms. High-resolution numerical experiments deal with the local gravity field modelling in the Andean, Himalayan and Alpine mountain range, where we focus on the contribution to the disturbing potential solution by solving the nonlinear geodetic boundary value problem in comparison with the solution to the oblique derivative geodetic boundary value problem. The obtained results showed the maximal contribution of the presented approach 0.0571 [$${\text{m}}^{{\text{2}}} {\text{s}}^{{{\text{ - 2}}}}$$

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Dialogic Reading Effect on Communicative Initiations and Responses for Children with Autism: a Systematic Review
Authors: Alharbi Hadeel , Terlektsi Emmanouela , Kossyvaki Lila 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDialogic reading (DR) is an evidence-based interactive shared reading intervention. This systematic review investigated the effect of DR interventions on the communicative initiations and responses of children with autism, an area of great difficulty for most individuals with autism. More precisely, the paper aimed to (a) describe the characteristics of DR interventions, (b) evaluate the outcomes and effectiveness of DR interventions, and (c) synthesize the quality of the studies. Nine experimental studies were included in the review in which the original DR intervention or adapted versions of it were examined. All studies provided strong to adequate research report strength. Although the review showed inconsistent effects of the interventions on the communicative initiations and responses of children with autism, it concluded that DR can be a promising and beneficial shared reading intervention.
Grossman–Hart–Moore Goes to Italy: Rethinking the Boundaries of the Firm
Authors: De Ponti Pietro , Gattai Valeria , Natale Piergiovanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper provides new empirical evidence on the boundaries of the firm, as shaped by the ownership (make-or-buy) and location (domestic-or-foreign) decisions of sourcing. In particular, we draw on the Grossman–Hart–Moore framework to investigate the role of input characteristics, investment spillovers and firm productivity in ownership and location decisions. For the purpose of the empirical analysis, we rely on original survey data of a stratified sample of Italian manufacturing firms, headquartered in Lombardy. Our probit, multinomial probit and conditional mixed process estimations suggest a number of robust regularities. Some of them confirm so far unexplored theoretical predictions from the Grossman–Hart–Moore framework; others provide new insights on specific relationships on which the theory is silent. As for ownership, we find that reliance on specific inputs and intangible inputs fosters integration over non-integration; moreover, firms acknowledging cross spillover effects are more likely to opt for joint-venture than non-integration. As for location, domestic sourcing prevails over foreign sourcing in presence of investment spillovers, whereas input characteristics play no role. Lastly, productivity is a major driver of the boundaries of the firm in that productive firms are more likely to source abroad than domestically. Holding across different econometric models and a number of robustness checks, our results contribute to the property rights theory of the firm and its recent developments.
Trakls Tönen – Die systematische linguistische Rekonstruktion literaturwissenschaftlicher Interpretationen des Verses Der Flug der Vögel tönt von alten Sagen
Authors: Engelberg Stefan 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Gedichte Georg Trakls gelten allgemein als semantisch schwer zugänglich und stellen Gedichtinterpretationen vor einige Herausforderungen. Im Zentrum dieses Aufsatzes steht ein einzelner satzwertiger Vers aus einem Gedicht Trakls. Ziel ist es zu zeigen, wie literaturwissenschaftliche Interpretationen dieses Verses linguistisch rekonstruiert werden können, und zwar auf der Basis von grundlegenden lexikalischen Eigenschaften, Prozessen der Bedeutungsverschiebung, pragmatisch basierten Anreicherungsprozessen, Welt- und literarischem Wissen und insbesondere detaillierten Annahmen zur Argumentstruktur. Die changierende Bedeutung des untersuchten Verses, so eine der Schlussfolgerungen dieses Aufsatzes, basiert dabei neben Uminterpretationen und Bedeutungsanreicherungen insbesondere auf der Amalgamierung verschiedener Argumentstrukturmuster.
T2T-YAO: A Telomere-to-Telomere Assembled Diploid Reference Genome for Han Chinese
Authors: He Yukun , Chu Yanan , Guo Shuming , Hu Jiang , Li Ran , Zheng Yali , Ma Xinqian , Du Zhenglin , Zhao Lili , Yu Wenyi , Xue Jianbo , Bian Wenjie , Yang Feifei , Chen Xi , Zhang Pingan , Wu Rihan , Ma Yifan , Shao Changjun , Chen Jing , Wang Jian , Li Jiwei , Wu Jing , Hu Xiaoyi , Long Qiuyue , Jiang Mingzheng , Ye Hongli , Song Shixu , Li Guangyao , Wei Yue , Xu Yu , Ma Yanliang , Chen Yanwen , Wang Keqiang , Bao Jing , Xi Wen , Wang Fang , Ni Wentao , Zhang Moqin , Yu Yan , Li Shengnan , Kang Yu , Gao Zhancheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince its initial release in 2001, the human reference genome has undergone continuous improvement in quality, and the recently released telomere-to-telomere (T2T) version — T2T-CHM13 — reaches its highest level of continuity and accuracy after 20 years of effort by working on a simplified, nearly homozygous genome of a hydatidiform mole cell line. Here, to provide an authentic complete diploid human genome reference for the Han Chinese, the largest population in the world, we assembled the genome of a male Han Chinese individual, T2T-YAO, which includes T2T assemblies of all the 22 + X + M and 22 + Y chromosomes in both haploids. The quality of T2T-YAO is much better than those of all currently available diploid assemblies, and its haploid version, T2T-YAO-hp, generated by selecting the better assembly for each autosome, reaches the top quality of fewer than one error per 29.5 Mb, even higher than that of T2T-CHM13. Derived from an individual living in the aboriginal region of the Han population, T2T-YAO shows clear ancestry and potential genetic continuity from the ancient ancestors. Each haplotype of T2T-YAO possesses ∼ 330-Mb exclusive sequences, ∼ 3100 unique genes, and tens of thousands of nucleotide and structural variations as compared with CHM13, highlighting the necessity of a population-stratified reference genome. The construction of T2T-YAO, an accurate and authentic representative of the Chinese population, would enable precise delineation of genomic variations and advance our understandings in the hereditability of diseases and phenotypes, especially within the context of the unique variations of the Chinese population.