bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-Operative Evaluation of Color Doppler Ultrasonography to Predict Malignancy in Ovarian Masses at Ain-Shams University
Authors: Harb Hesham , Husseiny Ahmed , Salama Mohamed , Elshawarby Hadeer 
Published: August 2023

Background
Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries and the third most common gynecologic malignancy in developing countries. This cancer is characterized by high malignancy, difficult early detection, low survival rate, and high fatality rate. Transvaginal ultrasonography is the first choice for imaging to differentiate between a benign and a malignant adnexal mass.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the study is to determine predictive value of pre-operative resistance index (RI) of color Doppler of ovarian vessels in identifying potential ovarian malignancy at Ain Shams maternity hospital between May 2015 and May 2020.

Methods
this retrospective observational study, was done on total 379 patients who underwent laparotomy for adnexal masses at Ain Shams University hospitals over five years period between May 2015 and May 2020 with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Medical records of the study population were revised to assess demographic data, ultrasound criteria and histopathological result

Results
Thin wall and clear content are negatively correlated with ovarian malignancy and these correlators statistically significant. While presence of papillae and septation are positively correlated with ovarian malignancy and these findings were statistically highly significant. Masses proved to be ovarian malignancy were mostly unilateral, more than 5 cm size, thick wall, with turbid content, solid consistency, unilocular with papillae and septation. RI in our study was lower in malignant lesions ranging between (0.22–0.60) and the Mean±SD of resistance index values in the ovarian cancer (0.48±0.07). Resistance index at cut off value ≤0.54 had high specificity and negative predictive value but moderate sensitivity and positive predictive value in diagnosing ovarian malignancy.

Conclusion
As evident from the current study, thick wall, turbid content, solid consistency, papillae and septations were significantly most frequent in ovarian cancer. Resistance index was significantly highest in ovarian malignancy. In current study RI was lower in malignant lesions. From the results of current study we can conclude that the pre-operative resistance index (RI) of color Doppler of ovarian vessels had significant high diagnostic performance in predicting ovarian cancer. Resistance index at cut off value≤0.54 in diagnosis of ovarian cancer has sensitivity (85.2%), specificity (91.6%), accuracy (90.2%), positive predictive value (73.4%) and negative predictive value (95.8%).
Evaluation of Fetal Kidney Length in Relation to Femur Length as an Accurate Method of Estimation of Gestational Age in Third Trimester
Authors: AdDeen Mohammad Abd ElHameed Mohammad Nasr , Hemeda Hosam Mohammad Mohammad , Makram Mina Tharwat Nassif 
Published: August 2023

Background
Accuracy in estimation of gestational age (GA) has become more demanding as technology used in ultrasonography has become more advanced. Patient’s expectations have also increased and they expect exact estimations to plan their pregnancies.

Aim of the Work
To compare the accuracy of fetal kidney length in relation to FL regarding to estimation of gestational age in third trimester.

Patients and Methods
In our study we concluded about 120 pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and women who did not fulfil the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study. We compared the gestational age derived from the regression equation from Femur Length and Mean Fetal kidney length in regarding to the gold standard method of estimation the gestational age which is early ultrasound scan and dating between 7-11 weeks of gestation using the Crown Rump Length CRL.

Results
We found that gestational age from FL has an accuracy of ± 1.04 weeks (standard error of estimate [standard deviation of residuals] = 1.04 weeks) and good overall fit (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.869). And the gestational age from MKL has an accuracy of ± 0.82 weeks (standard error of estimate [standard deviation of residuals] = 0.82 weeks) and good overall fit (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.918).

Conclusion
Fetal kidney length has been studied and shown to strongly correlate with the gestational age in late trimesters.
Matching between Clinical and Dosimetric Results in Comparing Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy with Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Abdullah Aseel Ibrahim , Abdelhafeez Zeinab Mohammed , Elsayed Amin Amin , Abdelaal Dalia Abdelghany , Elhefny Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Radiation therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer, but it inevitably leads to incidental and unnecessary dose to critical organs, including the lung, heart, and esophagus.

Objective
A dosimetric study to compare 3D CRT to IMRT in locally advanced lung cancer as regards normal tissue irradiation and target coverage using COSI & modified COSI indices, DVH, homogeneity index, conformity index, target coverage index. Also to evaluate acute and late toxicity of esophagus, heart and lung in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy, in patients with locally advanced lung cancer who received definitive concurrent chemo-radiation or sequential chemo-radiation according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0.

Patients and Methods
20 patients were selected to participate in our retrospective study from 2014 till 2019. They were recruited from bronchogenic cancer clinic, clinical oncology department in Ain Shams University Hospitals using a convenient sampling method. Diagnosis of NSCLC or SCLC was confirmed histologically and further radiological assessment for TNM staging was performed. All patients where 18 years old or older and were prescribed for either combined or sequential chemoradiotherapy for treatment of locally invasive lung cancer with ECOG PS equal or less than 2. They received 3D CRT of total 60 Gy. On the same CT contour defined for 3D CRT another plan was done for IMRT by computer based inverse planning with specific dose constrains to surrounding organs.

Results
In our study IMRT technique helped in sparing doses delivered to heart, lung & esophagus in comparison with 3D CRT, but it was statistically significant for the lung only with p-value = 0.003. As regard the dosimetric indices IMRT showed better target coverage, dose homogenity & dose conformity in comaparison with 3D CRT, but it was statistically significant for CI with p-value= 0.028. Using the COSI & mCOSI also was in favor of IMRT but it was stastistically significant in mCOSI with pvalue=0.023

Conclusion
IMRT showed superior outcomes as regards delivered doses (both to target and at-risk organs) compared to the conventional 3D CRT achieving the main purpose for patients with locally advanced lung cancer receiving chemoradiothrapy which is better target volume coverage and less unnecessary dose to at-risk nearby vital organs. As IMRT spares OAR it’s expected that clinical toxicity noticed with 3DCRT will be less thus, more tolerability to CCRT.
A Meta-Analysis of Changes in the Retinal Thickness and Vasculature after Phacoemulsification Surgery
Authors: Gaafar Ayman A , Eliwa Tamer F , Wessam Moataz M , Jibreel Aeshah A 
Published: August 2023

Background
Phacoemulsification is the most popular cataract surgery nowadays. However, phacoemulsification provokes discharge of pro-inflammatory molecules not only affecting the anterior but also posterior eye segments.

Aim of the Work
the aim of the study was to evaluate through the available literature the correlation between cumulative dissipated energy and total ultrasound time in one hand, and retinal thickness and vasculature in the other hand after phacoemulsification surgery through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Subjects and methods
This meta-analysis study included randomized controlled trials and retrospective or prospective observational studies evaluating the correlation between cumulative dissipated energy, and total ultrasound time and retinal thickness and vasculature after phacoemulsification surgery. In this systematic review a thirty studies were included in the period from 2006 to 2020 with 29 prospective studies and one Quasiexperimental study.

Results
The mean preoperative central foveal retinal thickness (μm) was 232.6±25.8(μm) and increased to 243.66±29.2(μm) Postoperatively. Mean preoperative average RNFL thickness was 89±10.2 (μm) and increased to 96.6±10.0 (μm) postoperatively. mean GCL thickness (μm) was 80.56±60(μm) preoperatively and increased to 84.74±7.20(μm) postoperatively. parafoveal perfusion density percentage was 0.28% pre-operative and increased post- operative to be 0.29%, the pre-operative perifoveal perfusion density percentage was 0.45% which increased post-operatively to be 0.53%, the pre-operative peripapillary perfusion density percentage value was 0.49% which increased to 0.53% post operatively.

Conclusion
the retinal vessel density and vascular perfusion were found to be increased significantly in both macular and peripapillary areas p = 0.003. This increase was accompanied with changes of retinal layer thickness p = 0.00001.
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Adult Diabetics at National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology in Cairo
Authors: El Rahman Gaber Salman Abd , Rehan Raafat Ali , El Fatah Hatem Fawzy Abd , Mohamed Aml Shehta 
Published: August 2023

Background
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes worldwide. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is high and increasing across all regions worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in the working age population and has a great economic impact on society especially on healthcare systems. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography are noninvasive examinations that help the clinician to observe signs of neurodegenerative changes in the retina and detects neuroretinal changes in the early stages of DR and DME.

Aim of the Work
The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy among patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 over 30 years old they will be screened clinically and by fundus photography and optical coherence topography at national institute of diabetes and endocrinology.

Patients and Methods
This study included 600 eyes from 300 patients. Diabetics were recruited from patients recruited from National institute of Diabetes and endocrinology in the ophthalmic clinic. It was designed as cross sectional hospital based study. This study conducted to estimate the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema among patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 over 30 years old. Using fundus photography and optical coherence topography (SD-OCT) at National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology.

Results
The findings of our study showed that the prevalence of DR irrespective to type was 34% of studied eyes. Also it revealed that 22.3% of studied eyes had diabetic macular edema. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in our study was more common than proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in DR patients in our study was (72.5%) but proliferative diabetic retinopathy (27.5%) in DR patients. The commonest type was mild NPDR (33.3%). There is a strong relation between duration of DM, control of HbA1c, age, treatment with insulin and DR and DME. The longer duration of DM and high levels of HbA1c considered main risk factors of DR and DME.

Conclusion
The prevalence of DR and DME were 34%and 22.3%, respectively of studied eyes in ophthalmology clinic in National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology. These data highlight the substantial public health burden of DR and DME. Old age, Insulin treatment, poor control and the longest duration of DM patients groups are more liable to develop DR and DME.
Efficacy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in management of Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Samuel David G , Mahgoub Mohamed M , Habib Ahmed M , Karim Marwa A 
Published: August 2023

Background
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is described as a chorio-retinal disease, associated with the serous detachment of the neurosensory retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) most commonly seen in the macular region.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the efficacy of Bevacizumab, an intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist, in treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy by conducting a Meta-Analysis of the available data from prospective studies.

Materials and Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the databases Google scholar, PubMed, MEDS, web of science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for published studies till June 2021.This meta-analysis included eight studies. They were prospective studies, six of them were case series and the remaining two were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). 105 patients with chronic CSC (105 eyes) participated in these studies.

Results
This study demonstrated a statistically significant change in the mean of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement and central macular thickness (CMT) reduction when comparing the baseline to one- three- and six-month follow-ups after the injection. No adverse effects were reported in any of the included studies.

Conclusion
Intra-vitreal injection of bevacizumab is an excellent alternative and conceivable treatment among currently available treatment options for chronic or recurrent or refractory cases of central serous chorioretinopathy.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Assessment of Corneal Epithelium and Tear Film in Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Kamel Dina Tarek Mohamed , Shafik Wahba Sherine , Abd El Rahman Sameh Hany , Soltan Marwa Yassin Ahmed , Ashour Doaa Maamoun 
Published: August 2023

Background
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a strong genetic predisposition and autoimmune pathogenic traits. Psoriasis has multiple ocular effects; dry eye disease (DED) being one of the most important.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to evaluate corneal epithelial changes using anterior segment OCT and tear film changes in patients with psoriasis vulgaris by comparing the findings with healthy matched controls by conducting a case control observational study.

Materials and Methods
A cases control observational study that included 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, one eye from each patient and 30 control healthy subjects. Dermatological assessment that was done by an expert dermatologist for full history taking including drug history, confirmation of diagnosis, severity assessment using psoriasis area and severity index score (PASI score). Ocular history taking including name, age, medical history, previous ocular trauma or surgery, Schirmer test, and anterior segment OCT were done with assessment of the central corneal thickness and corneal epithelial mapping among both groups.

Results
The study demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between patients’ and control groups regarding their Schirmer test results and epithelial map parameters. Patients with a lower central corneal thickness showed a significantly lower central epithelial thickness with a p-value (&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
There is no significant change in the Schirmer test results and the anterior segment OCT corneal epithelium map among patients with psoriasis vulgaris and their healthy controls. But there is a positive correlation between the central corneal thickness and central epithelial thickness in psoriatic patients with pvalue (&lt;0.05).
Evaluation of Retinal Toxicity by SD-OCT due to Long-Term Exposure to Hydroxycholorquine among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Bakr Hoda Mohammed Abu Bakr Abu , Atef Caroline , Hamdy Khalid Mahmoud , Raslan Osama 
Published: August 2023

Background
Hydroxychloroquine is used increasingly in the management of a variety of autoimmune disorders, with well-established roles in dermatology and rheumatology and emerging roles in oncology. However, Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine (CQ) have been associated with irreversible visual loss due to retinal toxicity. Cessation of the use of hydroxychloroquine at an early stage of damage might prevent functional loss; however, after maculopathy has developed, cessation of the drug does not show clinical recovery. Because discontinuation of Therapy may reverse retinal toxicity, early detection of toxicity changes is vitally important.

Objective
to evaluate the involvement of retina in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy among rheumatoid arthritis patients using data from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and to correlate toxicity with dose, duration of use and cumulative effect of HCQ.

Patients and Methods
Cross sectional Study. In total 13 patients (26 eyes) attending the rheumatological outpatient clinic of El Demerdash hospital, from October 2019 to February 2020 were enrolled in the study after the approval of the research ethical committee in the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University. A full history was taken from the patients and full ophthalmological examination was done. In our study we perform OCT for all patients by using the Nidek RS-3,000 Advance SD-OCT with the “Macula Map” protocol that imaged a 6 × 6 mm area with 64 raster B-scans, each composed of 1024 A-scans.

Results
The study showed that was highly significant negative correlation between duration of exposure and CMT (p-value =0.008) and highly significant negative correlation between cumulative dose and CMT (p-value =0.005). Also, there was statistically significant negative correlation between age and thickness of inner and outer nasal quadrant (p-value= 0.015, p-value= 0.001) respectively and between age and inner and outer superior quadrant (p-value= 0.048, p-value= 0.000) respectively, in ETDRS thickness map. It also found statistically significant negative correlation between daily dose and thickness of outer nasal quadrant of thickness map (p-value= 0.045).

Conclusion
The present study show the presence / absence of retinal toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis patients use hydroxychloroquine for 5years or more using SD-OCT and found a statistically significant negative correlation between central macular thickness and cumulative dose of HCQ and between central macular thickness and duration of HCQ use.
Evaluation of Corneal Endothelial Cell Density Changes in Eyes with Silicone Oil Tamponade after Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Afify Mohamed A M R , Assaf Ahmed H , Rehan Raafat Ali , Elnashar Hazem Abdallah , Karim Marwa A 
Published: August 2023

Aim
To assess the changes in corneal endothelium by non-contact specular microscopy in eyes treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with temporary silicone oil (SO) tamponade with or without phacoemulsification.

Patients and Methods
We enrolled 24 patients, assigned into two groups: 12 patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with SO injection (group 1) and 12 patients underwent combined phaco-vitrectomy with SO injection (group 2). All of them underwent an ophthalmological examination, which included: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure measurement, fundus examination and specular microscopy follow ups at the 1st week,1st month and 3rd month visits.

Results
The initial count of endothelial cell density (ECD) in group 1 was 2543.58 ± 759.62 cell/mm2 which decreased at 3rd month visit to 2299.33 ± 729.87 cell/mm2, while in group 2 was 2621.08 ± 514.50 & 2307.50 ± 575.55 cell/mm2 respectively. We found statistically significant decrease in the mean cell density (MCD) in group 1 and group 2, at the 3rd month than at the 1st week. Three months after operation, coefficient of variation (CV) was 34.58 ± 4.29 % and 35.75 ± 4.16%, hexagonality (HEX) was 46.83 ± 8.67 % and 47.83 ± 10.50%, while mean central corneal thickness (CCT) was 553.08 ± 22.13 μm and 548.17 ± 33.12 for group 1 and 2 respectively, and no corneal edema reported at the study end.

Conclusion
The pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil (SO) injection procedure caused changes in corneal endothelial cells in varying between pleomorphism (decreased HEX), polymegathism (increased CV) and endothelial cell loss. A higher incidence of CV increase (polymegathism) reported after combined phaco-vitrectomy than pars plana vitrectomy alone with silicone tamponade. We recommend SO removal after achieving the proposed tamponading action of SO to avoid SO keratopathy.
Longevity of Cemented Total Hip Replacement in Patient Younger than 50 Years Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kamel Ahmed Samy , Mohassab Ahmed , Mohammed Abdulrahman Hossam 
Published: August 2023

Background
Total hip replacement is a common and highly effective operation. All hip replacements would eventually fail if in situ long enough and it is important that patients understand when this might happen.

Aim and objectives
to perform an evaluation and meta-analysis of all available trials and studies demonstrating the different clinical outcomes following cemented total hip replacement in patients younger than 50 years.

Subjects and Methods
This study is Published observational analytical studies (Case-control, case reference or cohort studies) on the outcomes of cemented total hip replacement in patients younger than 50 years. Trials which involve English papers from the year 2000 till 2021. Only studies on human subjects younger than 50 years were included.

Result
19 studies were included from 2000 to 2021. There was statistically significant heterogeneity in the studies (I288.47%, P &lt; 0.0001). Using the random effects model, total Event rate for revision was 17.847% (95% CI: 12.834 – 23.485).

Conclusion
this study demonstrates good comparable outcomes for young patients having cemented both components THR. The trend towards using expensive uncemented fixation may be driven largely by marketing and ease of prosthesis insertion rather than real world performance gains for the patient. A THR with a cemented socket offers good outcomes to patients.