bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between of the Growth Hormone Gene GH-1 with Growth Indicators of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. in Three Different Ecosystems
Authors: Ali Raaed Abdul Rahman Saeed , Attee Raaed Sami , Radhi Aseel Ghazi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the central of health laboratory/Animal and Fish Resource Research Center, Agricultural Research Department, Ministry of Science and Technology, for the period from 15/8/2021 to 15/11/2021 in order to investigate the polymorphism of the growth hormone gene GH-1 and its relationship to the productive performance (body weight, total length, age and case factor) of common carp Cyprinus carpio, in 90 fish representing three different ecosystems (30 fish for each site) including floating cages, ponds, and the environment of the Tigris River, south of Baghdad, with an average weight of (975-1517±150) g. Some physical and chemical measurements of water were measured, including temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and salinity. These fish were transferred to the laboratory, and the weight, total length, and age of each fish were measured, as well as DNA extraction for the purpose of amplifying the size of a segment (459pb) of the growth hormone gene that includes exon 4, intron 4, and exon 5 by polymerase chain reaction PCR using primers designed for this gene. The genotypes of the growth hormone gene were investigated using the Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique, and the produced bands were compared to distinguish different genotypes of the gene by the electrophoresis method. The results showed that the water temperature was close to the environmental systems under study and ranged between (25.4-27 ± 0.50), the rates of dissolved oxygen concentration were (6.5 ± 0.09) mg/l, pH (7.0 ± 0.02) and salinity 0.8 g/l higher in ponds compared to the lowest value of them in the river. The analysis of the SSCP technique revealed the presence of six different genotypes of this hormone, including A, B, C, E, F, and H with a frequency of 24.4, 5.6, 15.6, 15.6, 16.4, and 22.4, respectively, for the fish community in the studied sites. The H genotype was significantly (P< 0.05) superior in the floating cages in the average body weight (1600 ± 0 g) and the relative case coefficient (2.5 ± 0). significant differences were observed in the average total body length and age, according to the multiplicity of genotypes. We conclude from this study an improvement in the growth and health status of common carp in cages and ponds compared to the river at the probability level (P<0.05) and the possibility of focusing on the polygenic genotypes of the growth hormone gene and adopting the H genotype as a guide for selecting fish mothers in genetic improvement programs for artificial propagation and achieving the largest economic return from fish breeding projects.
Detection of Virulence Genes Stx1, Stx2, eae A and hly A in E.coli Isolated from Local Minced Meat
Authors: Alziadi Rahem , Attar Eman J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The current study included the investigation of E. coli bacteria in random samples of ground meat, the detection of virulence genes in isolates, and the study of isolates resistance to some widely used antibiotics. Twenty-four samples of minced meat were collected to isolate and identify E. coli bacteria by phenotypic, microscopic characteristics and traditional biochemical tests were done. Antibiotic susceptibility tests, genomes of isolates were extracted, the virulence factors Stx1, Stx2, eae A and hly A were investigated by multiplex PCR technique. 7 isolates showed Colonies with a metallic green luster on EMB medium, gram negative, rod shaped bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria, positive for indole, methyl red and catalase tests, and negative for Fox Proscore, urease and oxidase tests. All isolates were containing hly A gene, 6 isolates were containing the virulence gene Stx1, 5 isolates containing were eae A gene and 4 isolates were containing Stx2 gene. The results shown a high resistance of E. coli isolates to all types of antibiotics used, as all isolates were possessed multiple antibiotic resistance.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Dried Olive Pomace to the Diet on some Blood Traits of Broilers
Authors: Habib Hamza Ghali , Al-Zamili Ibrahim Fadhil , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the poultry field, Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, from 21 February 2022 to 26 March 2022. A total of 180 unsexed, 1 day old, Ross 308 broiler chicks were used, chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental treatments, 45 chicks for each treatment with three replicates of the treatment (15 chicks/replicate) for 35 days, the treatments were as follows: T1: Control treatment; T2: Add 1.5% dry olive pomace to the diet; T3: Add 3% dry olive pomace to the diet; T4: Add 4.5% dry olive pomace to the diet. The results indicate that there were significant improvement in all olive-pomace treatments compared to the control treatment on the blood traits (LDL, HDL, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides) of broilers blood.
Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Artemisia absinthium L. on Growth Performance and White Blood Count in Broiler
Authors: Shaker Majed , Mohammed Arkan , Raouf Samah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this research, the effects of an Artemisia absinthium L. aqueous extract on broiler growth were measured. A total of 384 old-day broilers were used in a completely randomized study with three replicate each (n=32 each replicate). The basal diet was supplied with groups N0 (control), N1, N2, and N3 representing (5, 10, and 15% Artemisia absinthium L.), and the birds were kept under observation for 35 days. The results showed that there was no significant for body weight (g) and weight gain (g) between the aqueous extract groups (5, 10, and 15%) and the control group at 21 days of age. On the other hand, the broiler traded with Artemisia absinthium had a higher feed intake and FRC compared to the others groups during age 21 days. During age 35 days the Artemisia absinthium has significant effects (p<0.05) on the broiler’s performance compared to the control. The number of white blood cells in broilers fed with 5% Artemisia absinthium aqueous extract significantly differed significantly from the other groups. There was a significant difference in Lymphocytes (%) between the aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium and the control groups. There was no significant difference in Heterophils (%) or H/L (%). In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium can improve broiler performance and enhance the white blood cells.
Effect of Adding Whole Milk, Milk Protein Concentrate and Transglutaminases on the Rheological and Nutritional Properties of Local Wheat Flour
Authors: Al-Zarfi Meaad Abdul Hassan , hasan Sakena Taha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted to find out the effect of adding whole milk in proportions of 3, 5, and 7%, milk protein concentrate in proportions of 3, 5, and 7%, and transglutaminase enzyme in proportions of 1, 2, and 3 units/100 gm of flour to local wheat flour on the rheological properties using the Farinograph device, and measuring the viscosity of the dough using Amilograph and analysis of amino acids using HPLC. The addition of whole milk and milk protein concentrate to wheat flour had an effect on the increase in the water absorption rate and stability time measured by the Farinograph device for all additives compared to the control sample. The addition of the enzyme transglutaminase in proportions of 1, 2 and 3 units / 100 gm flour had an effect on the increase in water absorption and stability time measured by the Varinograph device for all additions compared to the control sample, and the optimal concentration was 2 units / 100 gm flour, which was used in subsequent experiments. The flour was treated with gradual concentrations of whole milk, milk protein concentrate, and transglutaminase 2 units/100 gm flour, and it had an effect on increasing the absorbency and stability time compared with the control sample. The addition of graduated concentrations of whole milk and protein concentrate led to an increase in the gelatinization temperature and the maximum viscosity measured by the amelograph compared to the control sample. The addition of graduated concentrations of whole milk and protein concentrate increased the proportion of amino acids lysine, cysteine and methionine measured by HPLC compared to the control sample, and the best samples were the addition of 5% to whole milk as well as milk protein concentrate.
Using Packaging Technology to Reduce the Fragmentation of the Added Fertilizer, Improve Growth and Increase Yield Efficiency for Varieties of Forage Barley
Authors: Razzaq Maryam , Mahbes Faisal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in one of the farmers’ fields in Muthanna Governorate, Rumaitha district, which is 25 km from the city center and for the agricultural season 2021-2022, with the aim of achieving the maximum possible benefit from the added nitrogen fertilizer (T1, T2 and T3) in addition to the treatment of comparison with ordinary urea (T4), which was added according to the recommendation of fertilizer and the possibility of reducing the infusions of its addition Their reflections in nitrogen absorption, improving plant growth and increasing plant yield in quantity and quality, for four different varieties (Samir, Burqa, Aba99, and Aba 265) of the feed barley crop, were applied according to the design of the complete random sectors (RCBD) with three repeaters. The results showed that the preliminary results for the highest averages amounted to 43.680 and 10.545 tons, and 7.80 and 8.41% for the cultivars. It reached 8.64%. Either the coated urea fertilizer fractional coefficients, the retail transaction in two batches (T2) significantly exceeded the total green and dry feed yields, with averages of 45.380 and 11.315 tons E-1 respectively, when overlapping between the two factors a discrepancy between the combinations within the overlap was observed and the combination between the two classes A265 and A99 with the retail transaction in two batches (T2) by recording the highest average of the total green and dry feed yield amounted to 52.170 and 12.077 tons E-1 for the two varieties in succession.
Response of Maize Genotypes to Combinations of Nitrogen and Humic Acid Fertilization
Authors: Al-Mafraji Marwa Kareem Salman , Al-Anbari Mohammed Ahmed Ibraihi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Ibn Al-Bitar Preparatory Vocational School in Al-Hussainiya District-Holy Karbala governorate during the spring season 2021, with the aim of evaluating the performance of six maize genotypes (5018, Bahouth 106, Al-Maha, Fajr 1, Al-Furat and Sarah) under the effect of four levels of fertilization (160 N kg.ha-1, 160 N kg.ha-1 with humic acid, 320 N kg. ha-1 and 320 N kg.ha-1 with humic acid) using the split-plot arrangement with in Randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications, where the genotypes of maize represented the subplots and fertilization as the main plots. Leaf area, some characteristics of tassel, pollen vitality, number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, weight of 500 grains, yield efficiency and grain yield were studied. Analysis of variance for fertilization levels showed highly significant differences for leaf area, number of grains per ear, weight of 500 grains, grain yield, and showed significant differences for pollen vitality. As for the genotypes, they were highly significant for all studied traits. The interaction between the two experimental factors was highly significant for each of the leaf area, weight of 500 grains, yield efficiency, and grain yield. The results showed that the interaction between the Furat genotype and the fertilizer level of 320 N kg.ha-1 with humic acid was significantly superior, achieving the highest leaf area of 6850.00 cm2, weight of 500 grains 194.33 gm, efficiency yield of 297.00 gm.m-2, and grain yield of 10848 kg.ha-1.
Soil Properties and Maize Growth as Affected by Subsoiling and Traffic-Induced Compaction
Authors: Ramadhan Marwan N. , Alfaris Murtadha A. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany of the current farm management methods that utilize production techniques tend to add to the soil compaction problem. The compaction from wheel traffic is a key source of soil deterioration in contemporary agriculture. Limited studies have been conducted over the heavy soil of Iraq’s southern regions to understand soil compaction under the current condition, and its effect on crop growth and yield. An experiment was conducted at two locations; with the goal of determining the effects of tractor traffic on soil parameters, plant development, and maize production. Compaction treatments included no traffic, t0; 8 tractor traffic, t8; 16 tractor traffic, t16; and 24 tractor traffic, t24. To reduce soil compaction’s negative impacts, two degrees of subsoiling have been investigated, nonsubsoiled (NonSub) and subsoiled (Sub) plots. The results showed that bulk density values through 10 to 40 cm soil profile after tractor traffic at both locations increased with increasing levels of compaction. Hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil cores showed a general trend of decreasing at both locations with increasing levels of compaction by tractor traffic. Maize plant height, 500-grain weight, and root mass throughout both growing locations were also lower with wheel traffic treatments compared to the control treatment. Maize yields with wheel traffic were significantly lower by 7.039, 19.120, 34.187% at the first location and by 7.291, 15.147, 26.862% at the second location for the t8, t16, and t24 than yields with the t0 treatments. On the other hand, subsoiling was found to mitigate the adverse effect of tractor traffic in the topsoil and in the subsoil that led to a favour effect on soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The subsoil treatment increased plant height at both growing locations due to the greater exploitation of root system at the subsoiled plots which increased 500 grain weight and eventually maize yield by 16.215 and 23.762% over nonsubsoiled treatment. Tractor traffic on agricultural soils must be planned in order to minimize its detrimental impacts, as demonstrated by the findings of this experiment. Tractor traffic below 16 passes, under the experiment condition, is convenient for effective maize cultivation. In addition, subsoiling can be a choice for alleviating compaction.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Mycotoxins Citrinin and Ochratoxin A in Popcorn Grains and Their Biological Effect on some Physiological Blood Parameters
Authors: Alegaieli Wers Faisel Khribet , Alhamiri Yasir Naser Hussein 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of verifying the simultaneous occurrence of mycotoxin Citrinin (CIT) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) in popcorn grains consumed on a wide range throughout Iraq. It is enhanced by studying the biologically combined effects of these toxins compared to their effect separately. The results of the chromatographic analysis using HPLC technology to detect the simultaneous occurrence of mycotoxins Citrinin and Ochratoxin A in the analyzed samples showed that all samples were contaminated with Ochratoxin A, while 17 samples were contaminated with both of mycotoxins out of 18 main samples, and in varying proportions, The highest incidence and concentration of Ochratoxin A 100% was with a concentration of 31.795 μg/kg for sample T8, followed by CIT 94.4% with 17.868 μg/kg for sample Q7, However, the lowest concentration of 4.066 μg/kg, 12.161 μg/kg for Citrinin and Ochratoxin A were detected in samples T8 and D17 respectively. While the results vevealed different effects on the physiological blood parameters of chicks, exposure to mycotoxins CIT and OTA alone or simultaneously caused a decrease in white bood cells (WBC), monocytes (MON), lyphocytes (LYM), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematatocrit (HCT) and platelet (PLT), while the two treatments OTA and OTA+CIT caused a decrease in hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and granulocyte (GRA) While CIT caused an increase compared to control treatment, the results were reflected in both mean platelet volume (MPV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). When combining CIT and OTA, the treatment showed synergistic or antagonistic effects compared to their effects individually, which differed depending on the treated cells.
The Role of Selected Treatments in the Parameters of Leaf Growth and Yield of Stevia Plants Under Deficit Irrigation System
Authors: Ali Zainab Adnan , Abraheem Basheer Abdala 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Research Station A, which is one of the research stations affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriya), at a cloth house (Saran) and a shading rate of 25%. The study aimed to increase the plant yield, whether foliar or of the active compounds, and link water consumption with the presence or absence of the leaf area (plant cutting). The experiment was carried out using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to the split-plot design arrangement with three replicates. Each main experimental unit contained 5 rows (representing secondary units), where the distance between one row and another was 75 cm, and between plants 20 cm. Then, a separation distance was left between the main experimental units of 1.5 m. The main plots represented the irrigation factor (I1 full irrigation treatment, I2 deficit irrigation treatment with an amount of 50% of the amount of water added to the comparison treatment for two irrigations immediately after cutting. Besides, I3 deficit irrigation for three irrigations immediately after cutting). Conversely, the sub-plots were represents all treatments that treated after 30 days of cutting, which is the comparison and spraying of kinetin with a concentration of 10 mg.L-1. Plus, spraying the growth retardant Cycocel (CCC) with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1, pinching and spraying Licorice extract with a concentration of 5 mg.L-1. The experiment results showed a significant decrease in the number of branches, leaf area, and leaves dry weight with each increase in the irrigation level of the first and second cuttings. However, the number of leaves and the content of chlorophyll decreased with each increase in the irrigation level of the first cutting, and the relative water content decreased with each increase in the irrigation level of the second cutting. All treatments were superior to the comparison treatment in the number of branches and the yield of dry leaves in the first and second cuttings. The treatments of pinching and Cycocel were significantly superior to the two comparison treatments and Licorice in the number of leaves per plant in the first cutting, and the treatments of kinetin and Licorice were superior to all treatments in the leaf area in the second cutting. Also, the treatments of Licorice, kinetin, and cycocel were significantly superior to the comparison and pinching treatments in the relative water content in the second cutting. Though the treatment of kinetin was significantly superior to all treatments in the content of chlorophyll A in the first and second cutting, and the treatment of kinetin was significantly superior to the comparison, cycocel and pinching treatments in the content of chlorophyll b in the first cutting.
Effect of Tillage Systems and Foliar Boron Application on Growth and Yield of Soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Al-Hanoush Aziz Qasim , Hashem Muhammad Alwan , Kassar Flaieh Hammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the Um Al-Akf region,(5 km from the center of Al-Muthanna Governorate), in the season (2021-2022), with the aim of studying the effect of tillage systems and foliar spraying of boron on the growth and yield characteristics of soft wheat. The experiment was carried out according to the Split Block Design method, using sector design. Completely randomized (RCBD) and with three replications, the experiment included two factors, the first factor was the tillage systems (no-till and Reduce tillage at a depth of (10 cm) and conventional tillage at a depth of (20 cm) and operated in the vertical position, and the second factor was spraying boron element (0, 50, 100, 150 mg B L-1), and operated in the horizontal position. The results of the experiment showed the superiority of the no-till system significantly, as the highest averages were recorded in the characteristic of plant height 79.66 cm, leaf area 38.84 cm2, the number of spikes 276.8 spikes m-2, the grain yield 3.540 ton ha-1, and the biological yield 8.285 ton ha-1, As for the spraying of boron, the concentration of 150 mg B L-1 was significantly superior, as it recorded the highest averages for the characteristic of the weight of a thousand grains 36.30 g, the grain yield 3.498 ton ha-1, and the biological yield 8.713 ton ha-1, while the interaction between tillage and boron spraying systems showed superiority Significant in the weight of 1000 grains, as the treatment of interference (Reduce Tillage × 100 mg B L-1) recorded the highest average weight per thousand tablets was 38.03 g.
Effect of Stimulating Maize Seeds with Potassium Nitrate and Licorice Extract on the Seed Viability and Vigor
Authors: KHudhair M. M. , Hamza J. H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Germination and field emergence are delayed and their duration is prolonged due to the declining soil temperature during the spring season, which is reflected in the subsequent stages of crop growth, therefore, this study aimed to improve germination. Under a wide range of environmental conditions, a laboratory factorial experiment was carried out to study the effect of seed stimulation with potassium nitrate (distilled water only (0), 2, 4, and 6 mg L-1) and with an aqueous extract of licorice roots (distilled water only (0), 3, 6, and 9 g L-1) on the seed viability and vigor. The laboratory experiment was carried out according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four repetitions. The results showed the superiority of the interaction treatment between the two concentrations 6 gm L-1 and 6 mg L-1 for each of licorice root extract and potassium nitrate by giving the highest average of the final germination 99%, the seedling vigor index reached 3846, the germination percentage at accelerating age test of 75%, and the germination percentage at the cold test of 76%. We can conclude that there was a response to soaking the seeds in licorice root extract at specific concentrations, with a clear response to potassium nitrate, and the response could be better when soaking in potassium nitrate at concentrations higher than 6 mg L-1. We also recommend that the soaking duration in any of the two factors is 18 hours to improve germination under a wide range of environmental conditions.