bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural network acceleration methods via selective activation
Authors: Wang Siyu , Li WeiPeng , Lu Ruitao , Yang Xiaogang , Xi Jianxiang , Gao Jiuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe increase in neural network recognition accuracy is accompanied by a significant increase in the scales of networks and computations. To make deep learning frameworks widely used on mobile platforms, model acceleration has become extremely important in computer vision. In this study, a novel neural network acceleration method based on selective activation is proposed. First, as the algebraic basis for selective activation, mask general matrix multiplication is used to reduce matrix multiplication calculations. Second, to screen and remove activated neurons and reduce the number of calculations, we introduce an Activation Management Unit that includes two different strategies, Selective Activation with Primary Weights (SAPW) and Selective Activation with Primary Inputs (SAPI). SAPW greatly reduces the number of calculations of the fully connected layer and self‐attention and better guarantees detection accuracy. SAPI has the best performance on convolutional architectures, which can significantly reduce the amount of convolutional computation while maintaining the image classification accuracy. We present result of extensive experiments on computational and accuracy tradeoffs and show strong performance for CIFAR‐10 classification and Pascal VOC2012 detection. Compared with the dense method, the proposed selective activation method significantly reduces the number of neural network calculations with equal accuracy.
Attention‐aware spatio‐temporal learning for multi‐view gait‐based age estimation and gender classification
Authors: Huang Binyuan , Luo Yongdong , Xie Jiahui , Pan Jiahui , Zhou Chengju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, gait‐based age and gender recognition have attracted considerable attention in the fields of advertisement marketing and surveillance retrieval due to the unique advantage that gaits can be perceived at a long distance. Intuitively, age and gender can be recognised by observing people's static shape (e.g. different hairstyles between males and females) and dynamic motion (e.g. different walking velocities between the elderly and youth). However, most of the existing gait‐based age and gender recognition methods are based on Gait Energy Image (GEI), which loses the capability of explicitly modelling temporal dynamic information and is not robust to the multi‐view recognition that inevitably happens in a real application. Therefore, in this study, an Attention‐aware Spatio‐Temporal Learning (ASTL) framework is proposed, which employs a silhouette sequence as input to learn essential and invariable spatial‐temporal gait representations. More specifically, a Multi‐Scale Temporal Aggregation (MSTA) module provides an effective scheme for dynamic gait description by exploring and aggregating multi‐scale temporal interval information, which is a core supplement to spatial representation. Then, a Multiple Attention Aggregation (MAA) module is designed to help the network focus on the most discriminatory information along temporal, spatial and channel dimensions. Finally, a Multimodal Collaborative Learning (MCL) block gives full play to the advantages of different modal features through a multimodal cooperative learning strategy. The mean absolute error (MAE) for the age estimation and the correct classification rate (CCR) for the gender classification on OU‐MVLP achieve 6.68 years and 97%, respectively, demonstrating the superiority of the method. Ablation experiments and visualisation results also prove the effectiveness of the three individual modules in their framework.
A new power swing detection method in power systems with large‐scale wind farms based on modified empirical‐mode decomposition method
Authors: Nazari Ali Akbar , Razavi Farzad , Fakharian Ahmad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh energy consumption around the world and concerns over climate change and high greenhouse gas emissions have led to a significant increase in using renewable energy resources, particularly wind power plants. In spite of using small wind farms in distribution networks as distributed generation, the interest in employing large‐scale wind farms in transmission levels has grown significantly in recent years. The presence of large‐scale wind farms with a synchronous generator to supply the energy demand can affect the power swing parameters. These effects are in a way that can mislead power swing detection methods and cause undesirable tripping of transmission line due to mal‐operation of distance relay against power swing . Therefore, in this paper, a method has been presented based on modified empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method to differentiate fault from power swing in the networks connected to the large‐scale wind farms. The results prove the efficiency of the presented method in detecting the power swing in large‐scale wind farm networks. Finally, a comparison is conducted between the proposed method and similar methods which proves the efficiency and superiority of the proposed method in terms of noise tolerance, detection fault detection speed, and multi‐mode power swing detection compared to the current methods.
Research on the harmonic currents rates for the exchanged energy of unified distributed power flow controller
Authors: Aihong Tang , Lulu Ma , Peng Qiu , Jingen Song , Qian Chen , Minyuan Guan , Xing Song , Binyu Xiong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe energy exchange between series and shunt converters is the basis for the powerful functioning of the unified distributed power flow controller, which can be realized through the 3rd harmonic current. In this paper, based on the established 3rd harmonic equivalent network of unified distributed power flow controller power system, the influence of the additional loss caused by the 3rd harmonic current on the line transmission capacity is analysed. The mathematical relationship between the neutral point voltage of the transformer and the 3rd harmonic current is constructed, and it is simplified according to the different 3rd harmonic currents. By analysing the power relationship of the 3rd harmonic equivalent network, it is found that there is a contradiction between improving the 3rd harmonic output efficiency of the shunt single‐phase converter and reducing the neutral point insulation voltage of the transformer. The constraint conditions of the 3rd harmonic current are simulated by the advanced digital power system simulator. Finally, the method of obtaining the economical and safe 3rd harmonic current value range is summarized, which provides a theoretical basis and reference for the device parameter design.
Phasor measurement units‐based fast voltage control strategy for distribution network with high‐penetration distributed photovoltaic
Authors: Xu Jian , Jia Yuqiao , Liao Siyang , Lei Xichun , Yu Jie , Gao Wenzhong , Yao Liangzhong , Ke Deping , Li Xiong , Yang Jun , Peng Xiaotao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the penetration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) in the distribution network continues to increase, the problem of voltage violation is becoming increasingly prominent. PV output has strong volatility and uncertainty, leading to higher requirements on speed and accuracy of voltage control. The voltage qualification rate of the distribution network with PV is difficult to guarantee if relying on traditional measuring installation and discrete regulators. Thus, it is necessary to introduce high‐frequency sampling devices and various continuous regulators in real‐time voltage control. In this paper, a fast voltage control strategy by real‐time coordination of dynamic voltage regulators (DVRs) and PV inverters based on phasor measurement units (PMU) and remote terminal unit (RTU) information is proposed. The voltage sensitivity is calculated online based on the fast measurement information of PMU. The equivalent models of rapid voltage regulators including DVR and PV inverter are established for the online extraction of voltage optimal control gradients. According to the model predictive control (MPC) theory, a feeder‐level global voltage control strategy is proposed comprehensively considering the objectives of voltage qualification rate, control cost, and network loss, which can realize real‐time voltage control in the distribution network at the millisecond scale. The effectiveness and rapidity of the proposed global voltage control strategy are verified in the IEEE 33‐bus system and a real representative distribution system for preventing voltage violation.
Entwicklung der Rehabilitation von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes während der Corona-Pandemie im Vergleich zum Vor-Pandemiejahr
Authors: Kapellen Thomas , Tittel Sascha R , Burmester Holger , Koch Sibylle , Mehta Tejal , Schiel Ralf , Uehlein Julia , Knauth Burkhild , Holl Reinhard Walter 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Während der Pandemie zeigte sich ein Rückgang
durchgeführter Kinderrehabilitationen um mehr als 30% im Pandemiejahr 2020. Die Daten stammen
vom Rentenversicherungsträger, der aber nicht alleine Träger für Kinderrehabilitationen ist.
Die DPV-Datenbank bietet die Möglichkeit alle Rehabilitanden mit Diabetes unabhängig vom
Träger in den Vor-Pandemiejahren und den Jahren 2020/21 zu analysieren.
Methoden Vergleich der stationären Aufnahmen in 11 Rehakliniken
in den Jahren 2019 (vor Pandemie) mit 2020/21. Monatliche Analyse von Zahl der Aufnahmen,
Liegedauer, HbA1c- und BMI-Entwicklung. Ost-West-Vergleich sowie Subanalyse von Rehabilitanden
unter und über 12 Jahren.
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2019 wurden 2237 Kinder und Jugendliche mit
Typ 1 Diabetes rehabilitiert, in 2020 Reduktion auf 1455 (35%) und keine Erholung in 2021
(n=1447). Ein besonders starker Einbruch der aufgenommenen Kinder und Jugendlichen zeigte sich
im April und Mai 2020 während des 1. Lockdowns. Auch bei der Liegedauer zeigte sich dieser
Einbruch in der Zeit des ersten Lockdowns. Im Ost-West-Vergleich ist die Zahl der
Rehabilitanden im Osten stabiler geblieben. Der HbA1c zeigte während der Monate des ersten
Lockdowns einen signifikanten Anstieg (April 2019: 8.19% (7.94, 8.44); April 2020: 8.68%
(8.25, 9.11); April 2021 7.94% (7.63, 8.24)). In der altersstratifizierten Analyse zeigte sich
ein Anstieg auf höherem Niveau des HbA1c in den Monaten des ersten Lockdowns bei den
Jugendlichen in Vergleich zu den Kindern unter 12 Jahren. Der BMI-SDS war in 2019 bei 0.29
(0.24¸ 0.33), stieg im Jahr 2020 auf 0.35 (0.29; 0.41) und weiter auf 0.41 (0.35; 0.46) in
2021.
Schlussfolgerung Es kam zu einem deutlichen Abfall der
stationären Rehabilitationen während der Corona-Pandemie und zu keiner Erholung im 2.
Pandemiejahr.
Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-2-(2-furanyl)-1,3-cyclopentanediones
Authors: Ikeuchi Kazutada , Tanino Keiji , Ozoe Yusuke , Kato Ranmaru , Suzuki Takahiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract2,2-Disubstituted 1,3-cyclopentanediones are versatile building blocks for synthesizing complex natural products with bicyclic structures including cyclopentane rings. The reported method for the synthesis of these compounds involves the semi-pinacol rearrangement of a Mukaiyama aldol adduct prepared from a ketone/ketal and 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene. However, the adoption of α-oxy-functionalized ketones/ketals is quite difficult, as demonstrated by our experiments. To overcome this limitation of the method, 2-acylfuran derivatives were used as the reactants to synthesize 2,2-disubstituted 1,3-cyclopentanediones. Furthermore, two reaction conditions, that is, the use of 1.4 equivalents of a boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex or 0.4 and 0.2 equivalent of trimethylsilyl triflate and methoxytrimethylsilane, respectively, were established for the conversion of 2-acylfurans into the corresponding 1,3-cyclopentanediones in acceptable yields. The transformations of the furan rings in the obtained products were also investigated.
Facile Preparation of Highly Enantioenriched 1,4-Benzothiazin-3-ones by the Substitution of α-Bromoacetate with 2-Aminothiophenol
Authors: Park Yong Sun , Lee Ji Su , Lee So Jeong , Han Gun Hee 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA simple and convenient approach for highly enantioenriched 2-substituted 1,4-benzothiazin-3-ones was developed via the nucleophilic substitution of α-bromoacetates derived from either l-threonate or l-serinate using 2-aminothiophenol and a subsequent facile lactamization.
A laser source driver in 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology for high speed quantum key distribution
Authors: Zhu Yulong , Wang Xinzhe , Zhu Chenxi , Chen Zhaoyuan , Huang Zhisheng , Jin Zhanhong , Li Yang , Liang Futian , Liao Shengkai , Peng Chengzhi , Jin Ge 
Published: December 2022

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has rapidly developed recently. The repetition frequency of the QKD system increases from tens or hundreds of MHz to GHz. A laser diode (LD) operating in gain-switched mode is widely used as a weak coherent light source in a QKD system. We present an LD driver circuit fabricated in 0.18 μm SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The circuit can operate at frequencies up to 2.5 GHz, satisfying the requirements of high-speed laser drives in practical QKD systems. The output current of the driver circuit can reach 100 mA when driving an LD whose input equivalent resistance is ∼21 Ω. The extinction ratio of the 1550-nm distributed feedback LD light source driven by our driver circuit reaches 23 dB at the operating frequency of 2.5 GHz, meeting the requirements of QKD systems. This circuit will be used in miniaturized QKD systems.
Breast cancer patient-derived whole-tumor cell culture model for efficient drug profiling and treatment response prediction
Authors: Chen Xinsong , Sifakis Emmanouil G. , Robertson Stephanie , Neo Shi Yong , Jun Seong-Hwan , Tong Le , Hui Min Apple Tay , Lövrot John , Hellgren Roxanna , Margolin Sara , Bergh Jonas , Foukakis Theodoros , Lagergren Jens , Lundqvist Andreas , Ma Ran , Hartman Johan 
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease comprising multiple distinct subtypes with different genetic features and pathological characteristics. Although a large number of antineoplastic compounds have been approved for clinical use, patient-to-patient variability in drug response is frequently observed, highlighting the need for efficient treatment prediction for individualized therapy. Several patient-derived models have been established lately for the prediction of drug response. However, each of these models has its limitations that impede their clinical application. Here, we report that the whole-tumor cell culture (WTC) ex vivo model could be stably established from all breast tumors with a high success rate (98 out of 116), and it could reassemble the parental tumors with the endogenous microenvironment. We observed strong clinical associations and predictive values from the investigation of a broad range of BC therapies with WTCs derived from a patient cohort. The accuracy was further supported by the correlation between WTC-based test results and patients’ clinical responses in a separate validation study, where the neoadjuvant treatment regimens of 15 BC patients were mimicked. Collectively, the WTC model allows us to accomplish personalized drug testing within 10 d, even for small-sized tumors, highlighting its potential for individualized BC therapy. Furthermore, coupled with genomic and transcriptomic analyses, WTC-based testing can also help to stratify specific patient groups for assignment into appropriate clinical trials, as well as validate potential biomarkers during drug development.
PGRN deficiency exacerbates, whereas a brain penetrant PGRN derivative protects,
GBA1
mutation-associated pathologies and diseases
Authors: Zhao Xiangli , Lin Yi , Liou Benjamin , Fu Wenyu , Jian Jinlong , Fannin Venette , Zhang Wujuan , Setchell Kenneth D. R. , Grabowski Gregory A. , Sun Ying , Liu Chuan-ju 
Published: December 2022

Mutations in
GBA1
, encoding glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause Gaucher disease (GD) and are also genetic risks in developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Currently, the approved therapies are only effective for directly treating visceral symptoms, but not for primary neuronopathic involvement in GD (nGD). Progranulin (PGRN), encoded by
GRN
, is a novel modifier of GCase, but the impact of PGRN in
GBA1
mutation-associated pathologies in vivo remains unknown. Herein,

Grn

−/−

mice crossed into
Gba
9v/9v
mice, a
Gba1
mutant line homozygous for the
Gba1
D409V mutation, generating

Grn

−/−

Gba
9v/9v
(PG9V) mice. PG9V mice exhibited neurobehavioral deficits, early onset, and more severe GD phenotypes compared to

Grn

−/−

and
Gba
9v/9v
mice. Moreover, PG9V mice also displayed PD-like phenotype. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PGRN deficiency caused severe neuroinflammation with microgliosis and astrogliosis, along with impaired autophagy associated with the
Gba1
mutation. A PGRN-derived peptide, termed ND7, ameliorated the disease phenotype in GD patient fibroblasts ex vivo
.
Unexpectedly, ND7 penetrated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and effectively ameliorated the nGD manifestations and PD pathology in
Gba
9v/null
and PG9V mice. Collectively, this study not only provides the first line of in vivo but also ex vivo evidence demonstrating the crucial role of PGRN in
GBA1/Gba1
mutation-related pathologies, as well as a clinically relevant mouse model for mechanistic and potential therapeutics studies for nGD and PD. Importantly, a BBB penetrant PGRN-derived biologic was developed that may provide treatment for rare lysosomal storage diseases and common neurodegenerative disorders, particularly nGD and PD.
Optical frequency comb generation based on spectral broadening of a phase locked dual-wavelength microcavity laser
Authors: Wang Ting , Wu Jiliang , Yang Yuede , Xiao Jinlong , Huang Yongzhen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A highly coherent optical frequency comb (OFC) based on spectral broadening of a phase-locked dual-wavelength microcavity laser is presented. By directly modulating the microcavity laser to generate multiple sidebands, the cross-injection locking of the dual modes is achieved and the beat-signal linewidth is improved from 13.5 MHz to less than 100 Hz. Subsequently, 21 flat comb teeth in a ±3 dB power variation are achieved by combining a phase modulator. Finally, an OFC with a bandwidth of 16 nm is successfully realized by narrowing the optical pulse and spectral broadening in a commercial nonlinear optical fiber. The repetition rate has a low phase noise of −102 dBc Hz−1 at 10 kHz offset, demonstrating the generated OFC has a high degree of coherence.
Acoustic attenuation in magnetic insulator films: effects of magnon polaron formation
Authors: Zhuang Shihao , Hu Jia-Mian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A magnon and a phonon are the quanta of spin wave and lattice wave, respectively, and they can hybridize into a magnon polaron when their frequencies and wavenumbers match close enough the values at the exceptional point. Guided by an analytically calculated magnon polaron dispersion, dynamical phase-field simulations are performed to investigate the effects of magnon polaron formation on the attenuation of a bulk acoustic wave in a magnetic insulator film. It is shown that a stronger magnon–phonon coupling leads to a larger attenuation. The simulations also demonstrate the existence of a minimum magnon–phonon interaction time required for the magnon polaron formation, which is found to decrease with the magnetoelastic coupling coefficient but increase with the magnetic damping coefficient. These results deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of acoustic attenuation in magnetic crystals and provide insights into the design of new-concept spin interconnects that operate based on acoustically driven magnon propagation.
A bistable energy harvester with low base-acceleration and high root mean square output for train bogies: theoretical modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Tu Dilong , Zhang Yuan , Zhu Lei , Qin Yong , Du Yanping , Liu Mengzhou , Ding Ao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Energy harvesting provides potential power solutions for distributed sensors in rail transportation condition monitoring. However, reported harvesters have low efficiency and a narrow working bandwidth for rail transportation condition monitoring scenarios. An energy harvester is developed in this paper that has a higher energy output efficiency and a wider working bandwidth. The harvester is suitable for train monitoring scenarios. The key novelty lies in the combination of a spherical moving magnet and a cylindrical moving magnet to give a spherical–cylindrical coupled moving magnet, which not only maintains the advantage of low friction but also improves energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, analytical models are established to describe the dynamics of the harvester with different moving magnets (spherical, cylindrical, spherical–cylindrical coupled), and a theoretical framework is established to guide the design. The theoretical model is validated by developed prototypes and experimental results. The working bandwidth of the energy harvester with a spherical–cylindrical coupled moving magnet is 9.5–45.1 Hz at 2g and the output power reaches 18.2 mW at 40 Hz and 1200 Ω load. Compared with traditional energy harvesters with cylindrical and spherical moving magnets, the base excitation is lower and the normalized output power is higher. Thus, this energy harvester is more suitable for train monitoring scenarios.
Probes of axial and nonaxial hexadecapole deformation effects in nuclei around 230U
Authors: Song Zhuo , Wang Hua-Lei , Zhang Zhen-Zhen , Liu Min-Liang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The structure properties for even–even nuclei around 230U, located on the hexadecapole-deformation island, are investigated using the potential-energy-surface calculation within the framework of the macroscopic−microscopic model. The impact of different deformation degrees of freedom (including axial and nonaxial quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations) on total energy, shell, and pairing contributions is analyzed, based on the projected energy maps and curves. The single-particle structure is presented and briefly discussed. To a large extent, a much better agreement with experimental data and other theoretical results is obtained if the hexadecapole deformations, especially the axial one, are taken into account. These results could provide useful insights into understanding the effects of different quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations.
Development of an undulator with adjustable horizontal gap and with electromagnet and permanent magnet for rapid polarization switching
Authors: Chung Ting-Yi , Chen Hui-Huang , Chu Yun-Liang , Chen Hsiung , Huang Jui-Che , Jan Jyh-Chyuan , Hwang Ching-Shiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An undulator composed of an electromagnet (EM) and a permanent magnet (PM) has been developed to switch rapidly the right- or left-circularly polarized radiation. The polarization switching is achieved using the rapid change of polarity of excitation currents in the EM, which provides a vertical field in a fixed gap. A horizontal field is generated with a PM; the field strength is adjusted on altering its horizontal gaps. In addition to circularly polarized radiation, the structure fulfills the needs of horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In this paper, we discuss the compact structure and show a design to provide soft X-rays for TPS. The design considerations for this magnet include the design concept, magnetic materials, mechanical and coil structure, all of which are discussed in this paper.