bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mediation analysis of obesity and adiponectin association with postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a nested cohort study in the IBIS-II Prevention Trial
Authors: Macis Debora , Bellerba Federica , Aristarco Valentina , Johansson Harriet , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Lazzeroni Matteo , Sestak Ivana , Cuzick Jack , DeCensi Andrea , Bonanni Bernardo , Gandini Sara 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and evidence supports the pivotal role of adiponectin in the association between obesity and breast cancer. We aimed to investigate whether the effect of baseline body mass index (BMI) on postmenopausal breast cancer risk was mediated by adiponectin or other circulating biomarkers.
Methods
We measured adiponectin, leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR index, and SHBG in baseline and 12-month serum samples from 123 cases and 302 matched controls in the placebo arm of the IBIS-II Prevention trial. We conducted the main mediation analysis considering BMI at baseline as an exposure and the increase in adiponectin at 12 months as a mediator after adjustment for the Tyrer-Cuzick score and the use of lipid-lowering medications and supplements.
Results
The 12-month increase in adiponectin levels was significantly associated with a 40% decrease in the risk of breast cancer [hazard ratio (HR), 0.60; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.36-1.00]. The estimate of the association of BMI was low, indicating only a 5% increase in breast cancer risk (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09). The increase in adiponectin levels at 12 months did not mediate the effect of BMI on breast cancer risk (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98–1.02).
Conclusion
Mediation analysis indicated an independent role of adiponectin in postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Raising adiponectin levels might be an attractive target for postmenopausal breast cancer prevention.
Inhibitory effect of Garlic Powder on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration by activation of Nrf2-HO1 and mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: SHI Ming , Hao Li , Yuan Ye , Yang Jing , Ma He , Hölscher Christian , Zhang Tao , Sun Yujie , Zhang Zijuan , Zhang Zhenqiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is implicated for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Previously, research shows garlic has been shown to have potent neuroprotective effect, especially antioxidant activity on several disease models. To investigate the protective effect of Garlic powder against 1-methyl-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model, 2 months old C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal injection of MPTP (20 mg/kg) during the first 7 days of treatment. Garlic powder were given, respectively, by 13mg/kg, 26mg/kg, 52mg/kg (oral formulation) for 30 days continuously. Our data showed that Garlic powder decreased MPTP-induced behavioral impairments, alleviating dopaminergic neuron loss and mitochondrial damage as well as oxidative stress. Further, in vitro study, Garlic powder effectively decreased MPP+ (2mM)-induced oxidative stress in N2a cells. Moreover, treatment of Nrf2 inhibitor ML-385 (5µM) inhibited Garlic powder induced protective effect on cell under stress. These results indicated that Garlic powder can rescue the mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in the substantia nigra in PD mouse model and N2a cells by Nrf2-HO1 signaling pathway and mitochondrial dynamics. Garlic powder shows neuroprotective effects in PD treatment.
Effects of COVID-19 infection in patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a single-center study
Authors: Duan Chuanxin , Zhou Wangji , Zhang Miaoyan , Cheng Chongsheng , Xu Wenshuai , Dai Jinrong , Meng Shuzhen , Chen Keqi , Zhao Yang , Liu Song , Wang Shao-Ting , Yang Yanli , Xu Kai-Feng , Tian Xinlun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background:Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a rare interstitial lung disease. COVID-19 is associated with worse prognosis in previous lung diseases patients. But the prognosis of aPAP patients after infection with COVID-19 is unclear. In December 2022, China experienced a large-scale outbreak of Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we aim to explore the clinical outcomes of aPAP patients infected with COVID-19.
Results: A total of 39 aPAP patients were included in this study. 30.77% patients had a decrease in oxygen saturation after COVID-19 infection. We compared the two groups of patients with or without decreased oxygen saturation after COVID-19 infection and found that patients who had previous oxygen therapy (decreased oxygen saturation vs. non decreased oxygen saturation: 6/12 vs. 4/27, P = 0.043), with lower baseline arterial oxygen partial pressure (74.50 ± 13.61 mmHg vs. 86.49 ± 11.92 mmHg, P = 0.009), lower baseline DLCO/VA% [77.0 (74.3, 93.6) % vs. 89.5 (78.2, 97.4) %, P = 0.036], shorter baseline 6MWD [464 (406, 538) m vs. 532 (470, 575) m, P = 0.028], higher disease severity score (P = 0.017), were more likely to have decreased oxygen saturation after COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion: aPAP patients with poor baseline respiration have a higher probability of hypoxia after COVID-19 infection, but fatal events were rare.
Social dilemma in the predator-prey model and evolution of cooperation by learning
Authors: Lee Nahyeon , Chae Sunhee , Baek Seung Ki , Jeong Hyeong-Chai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We consider an agent-based predator-prey model in a two-dimensionalcontinuum space and show that a cooperative chasing strategy can emergein a social dilemma.Predators can use two different chasing strategies: A direct chasingstrategy(DCS) and a group chasing strategy (GCS).The DCS is a selfish strategy with which a chaser moves straighttoward the nearest prey, and the GCS is a cooperative strategy in thesense that the chaser chooses the chasing direction for the group at acost of its own speed.A prey flees away from the nearest hazard, either a chaser or theboundary, within its recognition range.We check the capturing activities of each strategy and find a socialdilemma between the two strategies because the GCS is more efficientfor the group whereas the DCS is better individually.Using a series of numerical simulations, we further show that thecooperative strategy can proliferate when a learning process of nearbysuccessful strategies is introduced.
Development of Nanosecond Spike Pulse Power Supply for Electrochemical Micromachining
Authors: Zhao Chuanjun , Zou Qingzhi , Ren Xiaoguang , Xu Lizhong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The use of pulse voltage can greatly improve the precision of electrochemical microfabrication, and the narrower the pulse width of the applied pulse voltage signal, the higher the machining precision. However, the commonly used chopper circuit topology of pulse power supplies is limited by the maximum switching frequency of the field-effect transistor. To address this problem, this paper proposes a nanosecond pulse electrochemical micromachining power supply based on a differential circuit. The power supply uses the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller as the control core to output high-performance rectangular waves through a DDS device. After differential, rectification, filtering, and power amplification processing, stable, frequency, amplitude, and pulse width adjustable spike pulse voltage signals are obtained. By establishing a system mathematical model and optimizing the time constant of the differential circuit, theoretically, the sub-nanosecond pulse width can be obtained. Prototype performance tests show that the power supply has a maximum frequency of 20MHz, a minimum pulse width of 1.8ns, and a maximum peak voltage of 10V. By using this power supply for microhole electrochemical machining experiments, nanometer-level machining precision has been achieved. Compared with the power supply reported in the literature, the designed spike pulse power supply has a narrower pulse width and better waveform performance, thereby improving the precision and localization of electrochemical micromachining.
Effects of Forces Used in Tooth Movement on the Periodontium of Teeth with Extrusive Luxation - Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Carvalho Ariane Fernanda , Amorim João Paulo de Arruda , Amorim Elaine Manoela Porto , Castilhos Jussimar Scheffer , Busato Priscilla do Monte Ribeiro , Busato Mauro Carlos Agner 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study assessed the effect of different types of orthodontic forces (continuous (C), continuous interrupted (Ci) and intermittent (I)) on the amount of tooth movement (TM) and root resorption (RR) mesio-vestibular and intermediate (RRmv, RRi, respectively) of teeth submitted (L) or not (nL) to extrusive luxation (EL). Data on hyaline areas were also assessed.
Materials and Methods
Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 6) according to the combination of independent variables (the type of force and luxation): the moved [nL-C, nL-Ci, nL-I, L-C, L-Ci, L-I] and the non-moving [L-nM and nL-nM (control)]. The EL of the first right upper molar was performed under a force of 1500 cN for 10 seconds. After 15 days, TM was initiated with a force of 50 cN, with the three types of force (C, Ci, I). On the 14th day, the amount of TM was measured, and the animals were euthanized, the parts processed, included, cut at the cervical level of the molars, and submitted to staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).
Results
The results showed more significant movement for the C and Ci forces when compared to I in the groups submitted to luxation (p < 0.05). The luxation factor did not influence tooth movement, except for the Ci force (nL-Ci = 0.25 x L-Ci = 0.44) (p < 0.05). The amount of RR was not influenced by the type of force nor by the EL. Regarding the number of hyaline areas, it was not possible to visualize differences between the groups, under the conditions of this study.
Conclusions
The amount of tooth movement in teeth submitted to extrusive luxation was influenced by the type of force. In turn, the amount of root resorption was not influenced by the type of force or by the extrusive luxation. And in these induced experimental conditions were not sufficient to generate alterations in the hyaline areas.
Clinical Relevance: The history of dental trauma and the type of force used during orthodontic treatment can influence the amount of tooth movement.
Inhibition of DNA polymerase eta-mediated translesion DNA synthesis by small molecule sensitizes ovarian cancer stem-like cells to chemotherapy
Authors: Srivast Amit , Bose Subhankar , Saha Priyanka , Alam Md Tanjim , Chatterjee Bilash , Sarkar Mrinmoy , Dixit Amit , Kumar Deepak , Tripathi Prem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chemoresistance and tumor relapse pose significant challenges in achieving successful chemotherapy outcomes. Targeting DNA polymerase eta (Pol ƞ) mediated-mutagenic translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) has emerged as a promising strategy for improving chemotherapy. However, the identification of small molecule inhibitors specifically targeting Pol η-mediated TLS with high in vivo efficacy remains a challenge. In this study, we screened and identified chrysin as a small-molecule inhibitor that sensitizes ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) to cisplatin treatment by inhibiting Pol ƞ-mediated TLS. Chrysin effectively inhibits Pol ƞ expression, enhancing cisplatin-induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, chrysin treatment reduces spontaneous and cisplatin-induced mutagenesis. Pre-treatment with chrysin attenuates cisplatin-induced hematological toxicity and suppresses tumor growth in ovarian cancer human xenografts. These results establish chrysin as a novel class of TLS inhibitors and highlight its potential as a chemotherapy adjuvant for overcoming chemoresistance and improving treatment outcomes in ovarian cancer.
Primary Umbilical Endometriosis Coexisting with Multiple Uterine Myomas : A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nongo Benjain H. , Isah Dennis Anthony 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Endometriosis and Uterine fibroids affect millions of women world-wide. Primary endometriosis is said to be very rare. The coexistence of endometriosis with uterine myomas (Ieiomyomata) has been reported in few publications. Although the aetiology and natural history of the conditions are markedly different. Symptoms can overlap and make differential diagnosis necessary, often times making use of some invasive investigative tools such as laparoscopy. The two conditions may manifest with considerable comorbities and these needs to be taken into account when treating fibroids and/or endometriosis. Yet to be fully understood are the genetic basis of these two conditions, but recent evidence suggest common underpinnings. We here by present a patient with Primary umbilical endometriosis with coexisting multiple uterine fibroids, who had radical excision (Omphalectomy) and abdominal myomectomy. To the best of our knowledge, a similar case has not been reported before.
Comparing Dose-dependent Outcomes of Weekly and Daily Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alnajar Maged , Mora Wageeda , Abd-ElGawad Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition impacting children and adults, leading to low height and other health issues. The primary treatment is daily injections of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), though they can be inconvenient and costly. These injections may also negatively impact treatment adherence and outcomes. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of once-weekly growth hormone treatment vs daily growth hormone therapy in children with growth hormone insufficiency.
Methods
To examine the efficacy and safety of once-weekly and once-daily growth hormone treatment for children with growth hormone insufficiency, this meta-analysis followed PRISMA and Cochrane standards. RCTs and prospective cohort studies with children aged 0–18 diagnosed with GHD were considered eligible. We used the risk of bias 2 and the certainty of evidence using the Cochrane tools. Two authors independently assessed papers for eligibility and extracted data after conducting a thorough search of electronic resources. Height velocity, height standard deviation score, insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, and the incidence of adverse events were the primary outcomes. The Revman software version 5.4 was used for data synthesis, and heterogeneity was determined by I-squares greater than 60%.
Results
This meta-analysis and comprehensive review includes 14 randomized clinical trials and one study was cohort, including 1,322 children with growth hormone insufficiency. Weekly growth hormone treatment at dosages ranging from 0.11 to 0.25 mg enhanced a variety of growth outcomes, including increased height velocity dose (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.23–0.51; P < 0.001), height standard deviation scores chronological age (SMD= -0.10, 95% CI, -0.13–0.07; P < 0.001), and insulin-like growth factor 1 standard deviation score (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.40–0.42; P < 0.001). The dosage range of 0.26 to 0.50 mg also improved insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 significantly (SMD= -0.63, 95% CI, -0.90 – -0.37; P < 0.001). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of adverse events through the dosage levels (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.40; P = 0.32).
Conclusions
In children with growth hormone deficit, weekly growth hormone treatment, particularly in the 0.11 to 0.25 mg dose range, can function as a viable alternative to daily growth hormone therapy.
Impact of corticosteroids exposure for preterm labor in neonates eventually born at term
Authors: RENARD Emeline , BEST Céline , HASCOET Jean-Michel , JEANBERT Elodie , Morel Olivier , Baumann Cédric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of antenatal corticosteroid therapy (ACS) on birth parameters of full-term newborns exposed during pregnancy for prematurity threat.
Study Design: Exposed newborns were randomly compared to non-exposed controls in a 1-to-2 design. Data were retrospectively collected in infants’ files. Multivariate analysis assessed the impact of ACS on neonatal outcome.
Result: 408 term born neonates were included, 136exposed to ACScompared to 272 non-exposed controls. Mean+/-SD Head Circumference (HC) was 33.7+/-1.4 vs 34.3+/-1.6 cm, p=0.001in exposed vs controls; birth weight (BW) 3.1+/-0.4 vs.3.3+/-0.4 Kg; p = 0.0001; Birth Height (BH) 47.9+/-2.1 vs. 49.1+/-2.0 cm; p<0.0001. Hypocalcemia (4.4 vs 0.7% p=0.019) and eating difficulties (5.1 vs 1.5% p=0.047)were significantly higher in exposed newborns. Multivariate analysis for HC showed a significant independent association with ACS(β=-0.5, p=0.009).
Conclusion: Term neonates exposed to ACS have a smaller HC at birth and a higher risk of neonatal complications.
Microencapsulated rrbNGF as an Alternative Ovulation Induction Method in Rabbits
Authors: Quiroga Alejandra C. , Gimeno-Martos Silvia , Lorenzo Pedro L. , Arias-Álvarez María , Rebollar Pilar G. , García-García Rosa M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Rabbits are a reflexive ovulatory species, and intramuscular administration of exogenous hormonal factors such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues at artificial insemination (AI) are traditionally used to induce ovulation. To find more animal-friendly ovulation methods, the addition of a molecule naturally present in the seminal plasma, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) microencapsulated with chitosan for protection and administered by intravaginal via, has been studied. First, its biological activity in pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla (PC12) cell cultures and its effects in semen were tested. Subsequently, the ability of the intravaginal NGF-chitosan delivery system administered at AI time (NGFch-0) or 30 min before AI (NGFch-30) in eliciting ovulation estimating progesterone concentrations on Day 7 post AI, as well as fertility and prolificacy results in nulliparous and multiparous rabbit does, were compared with the treatment with an analogue of GnRH (GnRH), as well as with the insertion of an empty (C-e) or containing diluted semen (C-s) catheter.
Results
NGF-chitosan could promote PC12 differentiation to the same extent as free NGF without impairing cell viability. Microcapsules did not interfere with semen motility, viability or capacitation status. All groups of nulliparous rabbit does responded to all treatments reaching ovulation rates statistically similar between them (GnRH 90%; NGFch-30 100%; NGFch-0 66.7% and C-e 83.3%), with higher fertility rates in GnRH and NGFch-30 groups (90 and 100%, respectively) than in NGFch-0 (60%) and similar prolificacy results. However, multiparous females showed reduced ovulation and fertility rates upon NGF-chitosan exposure regardless of administration time or after the mechanical stimulus compared to the GnRH group. In both C-e and C-s groups was also observed a significant ovulatory response.
Conclusions
We have demonstrated that NGF-chitosan administration 30 min before AI-induced ovulation at a similar rate to GnRH injection in nulliparous but not in multiparous does. A better receptivity status of nulliparous females could be a determining factor of this response. Nonetheless, mechanical stimulation also determined a high ovulation induction rate, thus masking the NGF-derived effect.
Cost-effectiveness of prehabilitation of elderly frail or pre-frail patients prior to elective surgery (PRAEP-GO) versus usual care – Protocol for a health economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eckhardt Helene , Quentin Wilm , Silzle Julia , Busse Reinhard , Rombey Tanja 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background

Prehabilitation aims to improve patients' functional capacity before surgery to reduce perioperative complications, promote recovery and decrease probability of disability. The planned economic evaluation is performed alongside a large German multi-centre pragmatic, two-arm parallel-group, randomized controlled trial on prehabilitation for frail elderly patients before elective surgery compared to standard care (PRAEP-GO RCT). The aim is to determine the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of prehabilitation for frail elderly before an elective surgery.

Methods

The planned health economic evaluation comprises cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-minimisation analyses. Analyses are conducted in the German context from different perspectives including the payer perspective, i.e. the statutory health insurance, the societal perspective and the health care provider perspective. Data on outcomes and costs, are collected alongside the ongoing PRAEP-GO RCT. The trial population includes frail or pre-frail patients aged ≥70 years with planned elective surgery. The intervention consists of frailty screening (Fried phenotype), a shared decision-making conference determining modality (physiotherapy and unsupervised physical exercises, nutrition counselling, etc.) and setting (inpatient, day care, outpatient etc.) of a 3-week individual multimodal prehabilitation prior to surgery. The control group receives standard preoperative care.
Costs include the intervention costs, the costs of the index hospital stay for surgery, and health care resources consumed during a 12-month follow-up. Clinical effectiveness outcomes included in the economic evaluation are the level of care dependency, the degree of disability as measured by the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), quality-adjusted life years (QALY) derived from the EQ-5D-5L and the German utility set, and complications occurring during the index hospital stay. Each adopted perspective considers different types of costs and outcomes as outlined in the protocol. All analyses will feature Intention-To-Treat analysis. To explore methodological and parametric uncertainties, we will conduct probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analyses will be performed as secondary analyses.

Discussion

The health economic evaluation will provide insights into the cost-effectiveness of prehabilitation in older frail populations, informing decision-making processes and contributing to the evidence base in this field. Potential limitation includes a highly heterogeneous trial population.

Trial registration

PRAEP-GO RCT: NCT04418271; economic evaluation: OSF (https://osf.io/swn79/ registration initiated on 29.06.2023).