bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Type 2 Diabetes: Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Li Xue , Liu Qianwen , Wang Zhe , Jiang Xia , Burgess Stephen , Larsson Susanna C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
The causality and pathways of the associations between physical activity and inactivity and the risk of type 2 diabetes remain inconclusive.

Objective
We conducted an updated mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and leisure screen time (LST) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
Genetic variants strongly associated with MVPA or LST with low linkage disequilibrium were selected as instrumental variables from a genome-wide meta-analysis including more than 600 000 individuals. Summary-level data on T2DM were obtained from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium including 898 130 individuals. Data on possible intermediates (adiposity indicators, lean mass, glycemic traits, and inflammatory biomarkers) were extracted from large-scale genome-wide association studies (n = 21 758-681 275). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed to estimate the total and direct effects of MVPA and LST on T2DM. Methylation MR analysis was performed for MVPA in relation to diabetes.

Results
The odds ratio of T2DM was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55-0.88; P = .002) per unit increase in the log-odds ratio of having MVPA and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.30-1.62; P = 7.62 × 10−11) per SD increase in genetically predicted LST. These associations attenuated in multivariable MR analyses adjusted for genetically predicted waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, lean mass, and circulating C-reactive protein. The association between genetically predicted MVPA and T2DM attenuated after adjusting for genetically predicted fasting insulin levels. Two physical activity-related methylation biomarkers (cg17332422 in ADAMTS2 and cg09531019) were associated with the risk of T2DM (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
The study suggests causal associations of MVPA and LST with T2DM that appear to be mediated by obesity, lean mass, and chronic low-grade inflammation.
The role of thyroid hormones in the development of coloration of two species of Neotropical cichlids
Authors: Prazdnikov Denis V. , Shkil Fedor N. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Neotropical cichlids demonstrate an enormous diversity of pigment patterns, a morphological trait that plays an important role in adaptation and speciation. It has been suggested that alterations of the activity of the thyroid axis, one of the main endocrine axes regulating fish ontogeny, are involved in the development and diversification of pigment patterns in Neotropical cichlids. To test this hypothesis, we assessed thyroid hormone developmental dynamics and pigment patterning, and experimentally induced hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism at different developmental stages in the convict cichlid, Amatitlania nigrofasciata, and blue-eye cichlid, Cryptoheros spilurus. We found that the two species display a similar type of coloration development and similar reactions to changes of thyroid hormone level, but species-specific differences in hormonal dynamics and thyroid hormone responsiveness. These findings indicate that thyroid hormone is a necessary but not sufficient signal to induce the transition from larval to juvenile coloration, and is a component of a complex, concerted endocrine cascade that drives skin development.
Enhancing Multiphase Reactions by Boosting Local Gas Concentration with Ultrafine Bubbles
Authors: Kozuka Tomoki , Iio Takuya , Suzuki Soma , Kakiuchi Kenta , Tadano Genta , Sato Kohei , Narumi Tetsuo , Mase Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gas–liquid phase reactions have proven invaluable for molecular transformations in laboratory and industrial applications. However, despite their advantages, the high pressure and vigorous agitation that are required to increase the dissolved gas concentration hinder their possible applications. Application of fine bubbles (FBs), which have a diameter smaller than 100 µm, enables gas-involved reactions under mild conditions. In this study, we quantified and evaluated the reactivities of FBs and dissolved gases under various FB conditions. The photooxidation of sulfide using O2-FB-generated sulfoxide depends on the dissolved O2; meanwhile, H2-FB-mediated hydrogenation of alkenes with a Pd catalyst produced higher yields than expected from the dissolved H2. In a gas–liquid–solid phase reaction, FBs on the metal catalyst may form a gas tunnel between neighboring FBs and increase the local gas concentration, providing higher yields. The applicability of this effect was evaluated via hydrogenation using a deactivated metal catalyst in the presence of H2-FBs, which led to recovery from catalyst poisoning. The research findings demonstrated that surface FBs play a crucial role in enhancing reactivity that involves solid phases. In addition, we executed FB-mediated hydrogenation with a poisoned catalyst to demonstrate the ability of bubbles to suppress the catalyst poisoning.
Investigation of the diagnostic importance and accuracy of CT in the chest compared to the RT-PCR test for suspected COVID-19 patients in Jordan
Authors: Alewaidat Haytham , Bataineh Ziad , Bani-Ahmad Mohammad , Alali Manar , Almakhadmeh Ali 
Published: June 2023

Background: COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. The illness varies from mild to acute. Mild illness is treated even without hospitalization. RT-PCR is one of the main techniques, which are used to diagnose COVID-19, but in this paper, we have investigated that Chest CT is a more efficient alternative option to RT-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The purpose of our study is to diagnose the importance of chest CT in comparison to the RT-PCR test method for the patients who might have COVID-19 virus. The study will aid in contrasting the performance of chest CT method and RT-PCR method. Methods: This retrospective study included 1276 patients of the Jordanian hospitals' medical database that reception and following of suspected Covid-19 patients receiving high-resolution chest CT and real-time RT-PCR. Patients chosen underwent both chest CT and RT-PCR examinations, and the performance of chest CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 evaluated, with maintaining the RT-PCR test as the reference standard. Results: The sensitivity and accuracy of chest CT in identifying COVID-19 were all higher in patients over 60 than in those under 60, with no difference in positive predictive values and negative predictive values. The accuracy in-patient under 60 is higher than over 60 patients. Males had a higher specificity of chest CT in the diagnosis of the COVID-19 virus than females, but there was no difference in sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, or accuracy. Conclusions: RT-PCR is considered as the great standard for the diagnosis of Covid-19. According to the findings of our study, the best alternative option to RT-PCR is chest CT scan. CT scan is the less sensitive method but faster than RT-PCR. In a clinical setting, a radiologist with adequate training can distinguish the virus COVID-19 from other viral-induced pneumonias.
Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis E virus among the voluntary blood donors in the coastal region of Karnataka, India
Authors: S Sangthang , Shastry Shamee , N Sudheesh , Chawla Kiran , Madiyal Mridula , Kandasamy Dhivya 
Published: June 2023

Background: Hepatitis E is a fecal orally transmitted disease and an emerging transfusion transmissible infection with potential transfusion safety implications. Hepatitis E Virus screening among blood donors is not routinely done despite the fact that it is endemic in India. As there are very few reports and evidence, the justification for mandating HEV screening among blood donors is still only marginally convincing. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the incidence and prevalence of HEV infection among blood donors in Coastal Karnataka, India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Udupi district of Karnataka, India. A total of 1939 blood donors were randomly selected between June 2020 to June 2022 to participate in the study, where anti-HEV IgM antibody screening was performed using HEV IgM ELISA test kit (DiaPro, Italy). Further, a randomly selected 588 and 1620 pooled donor samples were screened for anti-HEV IgG antibodies and HEV RNA, respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of HEV IgM antibodies among study population is found to be 1.39%, with a statistically significant difference between males and females (n=20, 1.18% vs. n=7, 3.07 %; p=0.027). The prevalence of HEV IgG antibodies was 11.39%. Exposure to agriculture, animal husbandry, and poor hand hygiene were significant risk factors for HEV IgG reactivity. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of HEV viral markers in the study population, routine screening of blood donors for risk factors and implementation of serologic testing in endemic areas may be considered.
On the limits of inferring biophysical parameters of RBP-RNA interactions from in vitro RNA Bind’n Seq data
Authors: Schlusser Niels , Zavolan Mihaela 
Published: June 2023

We develop a thermodynamic model describing the binding of RNA binding proteins (RBP) to oligomers in vitro. We apply expectation-maximization to infer the specificity of RBPs, represented as position-specific weight matrices (PWMs), by maximizing the likelihood of RNA Bind’n Seq data from the ENCODE project. We demonstrate that the model can reproduce known specificities for well-studied proteins and that in some cases we predict novel, longer binding motifs. However, the model does not recover all the motifs that are in principle known, indicating that the data is not well explained by a single underlying biophysical model. Our code is publicly available.
Use of the opioid receptor antagonist – naltrexone in the treatment of non-suicidal self-injury
Authors: Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna , Banaszek Agnieszka , Juchnowicz Dariusz 
Published: June 2023

CelCelem pracy jest przegląd dotychczasowych badań poświęconych możliwościom zastosowania niskich dawek naltreksonu (LDN) w terapii NSSI przeprowadzonych na modelach zwierzęcych oraz ludzkich.MetodaDokonano przeglądu dostępnej literatury w języku polskim oraz angielskim poświęconej NSSI, używając słów kluczy: niesamobójcze samouszkodzenia, NSSI, naltrekson, LDN, samouszkodzenia, autoagresja oraz deskryptorów czasowych 1982-2022, przeszukując bazy PubMed/MEDLINE oraz Google Scholar. Przegląd oparto na informacjach zawartych w pracach oryginalnych, przeglądowych oraz opisach przypadków. W celu weryfikacji jakości artykułu, posłużono się sześciopunktową skalą SANRA (Scale for the Assesment of Narrative Review Articles).WynikiBadania przeprowadzone na modelach zwierzęcych potwierdzają zasadność stosowania LDN w zapobieganiu nawykowym samouszkodzeniom. W odniesieniu do możliwości zastosowania klinicznego wyniki stosunkowo nielicznych przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają skuteczność naltreksonu w dawce 25-50 mg/dobę w NSSI w postaci istotnej redukcji lub zaprzestania dokonywania samookaleczeń.WnioskiZastosowanie LDN w terapii NSSI wydaje się obiecującą opcją kliniczną, wymagającą jednak potwierdzenia swej skuteczności w większej liczbie randomizowanych kontrolowanych placebo badań klinicznych.
Optimization Formulations for Storage Devices with Disjoint Operating Modes
Authors: Baldick Ross , Chen Yonghong , Huang Bing 
Published: June 2023

Optimizing State of Charge for Storage Resources Storage of generated energy has existed as a contributing resource within the power sector for more than a century in the case of pumped hydro storage. Even though most regional transmission organizations/independent system operators do not currently optimize state of charge (SOC) for storage, the SOC is an essential aspect of the operating characteristics of storage. This paper investigates the impact on computational performance of optimizing storage with explicit representation of SOC. To investigate the model, the paper considers two contexts, stand-alone and large-scale. Analysis of the stand-alone context helps to explain why the combination of features in the storage model results in a difficult problem. Numerical results for large-scale test cases verify that new tighter valid inequalities can improve the computation compared with the standard model in the literature.
10-µJ-level femtosecond pulse generation in the erbium CPA fiber source with microstructured hollow-core fiber assisted delivery and nonlinear frequency conversion
Authors: Krylov Alexander , Senatorov Andrey , Gladyshev Alexey , Yatsenko Yury , Kosolapov Alexey , Kolyadin Anton , Khudyakov Maxim , Likhachev Mikhail , Bufetov Igor 
Published: June 2023

We report on the development of a chirped pulse amplification (CPA) designed erbium fiber source with a hybrid high-power amplifier, which is composed of erbium-doped and erbium/ytterbium-co-doped double-clad large-mode-area fibers. Stretched pulses from the high-power amplifier with up to 21.9 µJ energy and 198.5 kHz repetition rate are dechirped in the transmission grating pair-based compressor with 73% efficiency, yielding as short as 742 fs duration with 15.8 µJ energy and ≈13MW peak power (maximum average power up to 3.14 W) at the central wavelength of 1.56 µm. Compressed pulses are coupled into microstructured negative-curvature hollow-core fibers with a single row capillary cladding and different core sizes of 34 µm and 75 µm in order to realize femtosecond pulse delivery with a diffraction-limited output beam (M2≤1.09) and demonstrate ∼200nJ Stokes pulse generation at 1712 nm via rotational SRS in pressurized hydrogen (H2). We believe that the developed system may be a prospect for high-precision material processing and other high-energy and high-peak-power laser applications.
Comparison of programmatic data from antenatal clinics with population-based HIV prevalence estimates in the era of universal test and treat in western Kenya
Authors: Ambia Julie , Romero-Prieto Julio E. , Kwaro Daniel , Risher Kathryn , Khagayi Sammy , Calvert Clara , Obor David , Tlhajoane Malebogo , Odongo Fredrick , Marston Milly , Slaymaker Emma , Rice Brian , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa Whiteson , Eaton Jeffrey W. , Reniers Georges 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo compare HIV prevalence estimates from routine programme data in antenatal care (ANC) clinics in western Kenya with HIV prevalence estimates in a general population sample in the era of universal test and treat (UTT).MethodsThe study was conducted in the area covered by the Siaya Health Demographic Surveillance System (Siaya HDSS) in western Kenya and used data from ANC clinics and the general population. ANC data (n = 1,724) were collected in 2018 from 13 clinics located within the HDSS. The general population was a random sample of women of reproductive age (15–49) who reside in the Siaya HDSS and participated in an HIV sero-prevalence survey in 2018 (n = 2,019). Total and age-specific HIV prevalence estimates were produced from both datasets and demographic decomposition methods were used to quantify the contribution of the differences in age distributions and age-specific HIV prevalence to the total HIV prevalence estimates.ResultsTotal HIV prevalence was 18.0% (95% CI 16.3–19.9%) in the ANC population compared with 18.4% (95% CI 16.8–20.2%) in the general population sample. At most ages, HIV prevalence was higher in the ANC population than in the general population. The age distribution of the ANC population was younger than that of the general population, and because HIV prevalence increases with age, this reduced the total HIV prevalence among ANC attendees relative to prevalence standardised to the general population age distribution.ConclusionIn the era of UTT, total HIV prevalence among ANC attendees and the general population were comparable, but age-specific HIV prevalence was higher in the ANC population in most age groups. The expansion of treatment may have led to changes in both the fertility of women living with HIV and their use of ANC services, and our results lend support to the assertion that the relationship between ANC and general population HIV prevalence estimates are highly dynamic.
Montesquieu’s Theory of the Separation of Powers, Legislative Flexibility and Judicial Restraint in an Unwritten Constitution
Authors: Akhtar Zia 
Published: June 2023

A constitution is a body of laws that is composed of various branches which exist as the legal source of its powers. These are designed to regulate by defining the role of the executive, legislature and the judiciary, which are the three organs of government that Baron Montesquieu defined as necessary in a constitution. The constitutional government can be evaluated on its capacity (i) to maintain the rule of law, (ii) to preserve an electoral mechanism for political democracy and (iii) to protect a morally and legally acceptable set of substantive rights. The conventions are the source of unwritten constitutions which preserve the balance of powers by relying on the concept of judicial restraint and deference to the executive. The contemporary relevance of Baron Montesquieu’s theory is in the context of a fused system, and the question is the extent to which the executive can override the judicial powers in matters of state.
Keywords: separation of powers; unwritten constitution; Westminster model; constitutionalism; juridical review; “one voice” principle; administrative deference.
The Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 and Tikanga
Authors: Powell The Honourable Justice Grant 
Published: June 2023

The following article is based on a speech delivered by Justice Powell on 3 May 2023 on the challenges of applying the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011. Justice Powell discusses the background and history of the current legislation. He then considers the challenges of applying tikanga under the statutory tests for customary marine title and protected customary rights.
Keywords: tikanga; customary rights; High Court of New Zealand.
The Attitude of Help-Seeking Behavior Preventing from Mental Health Problems among Adolescents Living in District of Bondowoso
Authors: Syakarofath Nandy Agustin , Widyasari Dian Caesaria 
Published: June 2023

The onset of mental health problems during adolescence often manifests into internalizing and externalizing problems. Seeking help to deal with mental health problems suggested better well-being outcomes. This study investigated the contribution of attitude and intention of seeking help for mental health problems among adolescents. Further analysis examined preferences of formal and informal mental health providers and gender-related patterns on help-seeking behaviors and mental health problems among adolescents. A total of 300 adolescents based on multistage random sampling (mean age = 16.49, male = 131 (43.7%), female = 169 (56.3%)) were selected to participate in this study. They completed three questionnaires online, including The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Mental Help Seeking Intention Scale (MHSIS) and Mental Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale (MHSAS). The results showed that attitude to help-seeking contributes significantly to adolescents internalizing and externalizing problems. Female adolescents were more susceptible to experiencing internalizing and externalizing problems. They showed a more positive attitude and stronger intention to seek mental health assistance than their male counterparts. Finally, teachers and friends are the preferred sources of help in dealing with mental health problems. Munculnya masalah kesehatan mental pada masa remaja seringkali bermanifestasi menjadi masalah internalisasi dan eksternalisasi. Mencari bantuan untuk menangani masalah kesehatan mental menunjukkan hasil kesejahteraan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini menyelidiki kontribusi sikap dan niat mencari bantuan untuk masalah kesehatan mental di kalangan remaja. Analisis lebih lanjut memeriksa preferensi penyedia kesehatan mental formal dan informal dan pola terkait gender pada perilaku mencari bantuan dan masalah kesehatan mental di kalangan remaja. Sebanyak 300 remaja berdasarkan multistage random sampling (usia rata-rata = 16,49, laki-laki = 131 (43,7%), perempuan = 169 (56,3%)) dipilih untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Mereka mengisi tiga kuesioner online, termasuk Kuesioner Kekuatan dan Kesulitan (SDQ), Skala Niat Mencari Bantuan Mental (MHSIS) dan Skala Sikap Mencari Bantuan Mental (MHSAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap mencari pertolongan berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap internalisasi dan eksternalisasi masalah remaja. Remaja putri lebih rentan mengalami masalah internalisasi dan eksternalisasi. Mereka menunjukkan sikap yang lebih positif dan niat yang lebih kuat untuk mencari bantuan kesehatan mental daripada rekan pria mereka. Terakhir, guru dan teman adalah sumber bantuan yang lebih disukai dalam menangani masalah kesehatan mental.
Non-Microplastic Microbeads From Sago Liquid Waste With The Addition Of Chitosan as Antibacterial Function: A Review
Authors: Silviana Silviana , Khoirudin Fakhri Santo , Pratama Ferris Andhika , Harahap Rizky Putri Adelina , Hasanah Alfi , Ruhmaningrum Queen , Khoiriyah Lailatul , Vianova Saskia , Santoso Michelle Nabillarisa Qori , Guslamari Yoga Anugra , Salsabila Cantika Aulia 
Published: June 2023

Plastic has many advantages due to flexibility, unaffordable, transparent, and toughness. Plastics can size into small sizes (microplastics) or large sizes (macroplastics). Microbeads are granules of plastic or fiber that can often be utilized in many personal care products with sizes below 1 mm. These size of microbeads affect to environmental. Microbeads cannot be filtered by the sewage treatment system resulting microbeads go through to end up in water bodies and become a dangerous pollutant. Therefore any efforts must be conducted to replace the use of plastics microbeads. The microbeads can be prepared from with organic materials having easily degradation with stand the same functions. One of the ways can be accomplished through preparation of bacterial cellulose from sago waste since liquid waste can be used to produce bacterial cellulose. Bacterial cellulose is highly potential to be developed into microbeads as it has advantages of high purity, good tissue structure, high degradation ability, mechanical strength, and easy degradability. The utilization of sago liquid waste is very beneficial because it can reduce environmental pollution and production costs. Additionally, antibacterial properties in microbeads can introduce chitosan, eucalyptus filtrate, celery leaf extract, basil, and cinnamon. The use of chitosan as an additive in the preparation of microbeads will reduce the rate of water adsorption, improve mechanical properties, and reduce the moisture in the microbeads that would promote the ability of microbeads to against bacteria.