bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of agrochemical intensification and spatial isolation on the assembly and reassembly of temporary pond metacommunities
Authors: Pelinson Rodolfo Mei , Valente Bianca Rodrigues Strecht , Shimabukuro Erika Mayumi , Schiesari Luis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Since the Green Revolution, the management of agrochemicals has become a cornerstone of agriculture, allowing it to expand over terrestrial ecosystems previously deemed unsuitable for cultivation. Such expansion altered the connectedness of aquatic habitats to organisms with complex life cycles by increasing the number of temporary ponds in interfluves. Here, we investigate how spatial isolation and intensification in the use of agrochemicals can interact to increase or decrease the permeability of agricultural fields to these organisms by affecting community structure in temporary ponds.

We carried out a field experiment that simulates realistic scenarios of agrochemical contamination at different levels of spatial isolation. We constructed 45 1200‐L artificial ponds in a Savanna landscape in Brazil at three distances from a source wetland (30, 120, and 480 m). The ponds were spontaneously colonized by aquatic insects and amphibians and treated with no agrochemicals (control), fertilizers (as in managed pastures) or fertilizers and a single pulse of the insecticide fipronil and the herbicide 2,4‐D (as in sugarcane fields) following realistic dosages and application schedules.

Communities treated only with fertilizers generally exhibited a higher abundance of aquatic insects at the peak of the rainy season, suggesting that fertilization caused bottom‐up effects. However, because low spatial isolation and fertilization favoured different predatory taxa, their insect prey eventually became less abundant in less isolated fertilized ponds. Communities treated with fertilizers and pesticides diverged strongly from other treatments after the application of the insecticide, when a decrease in insect abundance indirectly benefitted amphibian populations. In this case, spatial isolation delayed the recovery of the abundance of several herbivore and detritivore insects in isolated ponds.

Synthesis and applications. These results have direct consequences for the emergence of insects and amphibians, possibly affecting important ecosystem services. Such consequences can be controlled by avoiding agrochemical contamination at the peak of most taxa reproductive season or through changes in spatial isolation by deliberately constructing wetlands in interfluves. In all cases, the effects of agrochemicals and isolation must be addressed jointly for a successful management of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.
Dialectics of Sign and Symbol and the Utterance of Archetype Theory
Authors: Jones Raya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDebates surrounding Jung’s archetype theory could be characterized as tacit attempts to contend with the concept’s dual function as referring to something known to psychologists (sign) and standing for something that is fundamentally unknowable (symbol). This essay considers implications of the term “archetype,” outlines and critiques some of the conundrums of categorization and scientific credibility posed by Jung’s formulation of the theory, and prompts locating the archetypal “human quality” of being human in imaginaries of typical patterning of the experiential realm.
Daily assessment of malting‐induced changes in the volatile composition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Almaguer Cynthia , Kollmannsberger Hubert , Gastl Martina , Becker Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the traditional malting cereal and is primarily used for beverages, whereas rye (Secale cereale L.) is mainly used in baked goods. Conversely, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a gluten‐free pseudocereal, rich in starch and high‐quality proteins, and can be used in a similar manner to cereals. The sharp bitterness of unprocessed rye and the earthy aroma of native quinoa interfere with the acceptance and development of food products. Malting of barley is known to improve its processing properties and enhance its sensory quality. Therefore, the effect of germination and kilning on malt quality (e.g., viscosity) as well as the volatile composition of barley, rye, and quinoa were monitored. Moreover, temporal changes on the volatile patterns of rye and quinoa at the different stages of malting were compared to barley. In total, 34 volatile compounds were quantified in the three (pseudo)cereals; the alcohol group dominated in all unprocessed samples, in particular, compounds contributing grassy notes (e.g., hexan‐1‐ol). These grassy compounds remained abundant during germination, whereas kilning promoted the formation of Maillard reaction volatiles associated with malty and roasted notes. The volatile profiles of kilned barley and quinoa were characterized by high concentrations of the malty Strecker aldehyde, 3‐methylbutanal. In contrast, green, floral notes imparted by phenylacetaldehyde remained dominant in rye malt. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the volatile data discriminated the samples into the different stages of malting, confirmed the similarities in the volatile patterns of barley and rye, and indicated clear differences to the quinoa samples.Practical ApplicationIn this study, the effect of germination and kilning on the chemical and volatile composition of barley, rye, and quinoa was examined. Temporal changes on the volatile patterns of rye and quinoa at different stages of malting were compared to barley. Understanding the differences among the (pseudo)cereals as well as the influence of processing on malt quality and aroma development can help find new food applications.
Lobbying for government appropriations
Authors: Cox Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of lobbying on government contract allocation. I consider how lobbying affects both total contract spending and the distribution of contracts between firms. I solve a novel contest model which incorporates these two effects, and then I structurally estimate it using a panel of federal contractors. The results suggest that lobbying increases contract spending by $8.837 billion (3.22%) per year. However, its effects on the observed contract distribution and firm revenues are relatively small. Lastly, I find that increasing competition in procurement generally results in less lobbying.
Sweden's image in the world: Still a ‘model’?
Authors: Schroeder Ralph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSweden has long been regarded as a ‘model’ for societal development. Recently, with the rise of an anti‐immigrant party and negative news coverage of crime, the image of a progressive Sweden has frayed. Positive models for societal development have existed in the past and included the United States during the heyday of modernization theory. This paper argues that positive models are useful, partly to crystallize options among the much‐debated varieties of capitalism, and partly as ideals which can be held up by social thinkers and publics as aspirations for the good society. This paper reviews the evolution of the Swedish model from a ‘middle way’ between Soviet communism and American capitalism to a welfare state under strain. It also examines how the Swedish model has been reinforced by its high international standing. The perceptions of Sweden abroad and domestically have changed in recent years. While these perceptions have correctly identified challenges not just for Sweden but also for other countries with similar problems, Sweden's government and civil society may be able to address them. The paper explores the lessons that can be learned from the current shortcomings and potential renewal of the strengths of the Swedish model, including its wider influence.
Weight and metabolic changes in early psychosis―association with daily quantification of medication exposure during the first hospitalization
Authors: Vochoskova Kristyna , McWhinney Sean R. , Fialova Marketa , Kolenic Marian , Spaniel Filip , Svancer Patrik , Boron Petra , Okaji Yurai , Trancik Pavel , Hajek Tomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe most common causes of death in schizophrenia are cardiovascular disorders, which are closely related to metabolic syndrome/obesity. To better understand the development of metabolic alterations early in the course of illness, we quantified daily medication exposure in the first days of the first hospitalization for psychosis and related it to changes in weight and metabolic markers.Study DesignWe recruited participants with first episode psychosis (FEP, N = 173) during their first psychiatric hospitalization and compared them to controls (N = 204). We prospectively collected weight, body mass index, metabolic markers, and exact daily medication exposure at admission and during hospitalization.Study ResultsIndividuals with FEP gained on average 0.97 ± 2.26 BMI points or 3.46 ± 7.81 kg of weight after an average of 44.6 days of their first inpatient treatment. Greater antipsychotic exposure was associated with greater BMI increase, but only in people with normal/low baseline BMI. Additional predictors of weight gain included type of medication and duration of treatment. Medication exposure was not directly related to metabolic markers, but higher BMI was associated with higher TGC, TSH, and lower HDL. Following inpatient treatment, participants with FEP had significantly higher BMI, TGC, prolactin, and lower fT4, HDL than controls.ConclusionDuring their first admission, people with FEP, especially those with normal/low baseline BMI, showed a rapid and clinically significant weight increase, which was associated with exposure to antipsychotics, and with metabolic changes consistent with metabolic syndrome. These findings emphasize weight monitoring in FEP and suggest a greater need for caution when prescribing metabolically problematic antipsychotics to people with lower BMI.
Impact of health warning labels and calorie labels on selection and purchasing of alcoholic and non‐alcoholic drinks: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Clarke Natasha , Ferrar Jennifer , Pechey Emily , Ventsel Minna , Pilling Mark A. , Munafò Marcus R. , Marteau Theresa M. , Hollands Gareth J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo estimate the impact on selection and actual purchasing of (a) health warning labels (text‐only and image‐and‐text) on alcoholic drinks and (b) calorie labels on alcoholic and non‐alcoholic drinks.DesignParallel‐groups randomised controlled trial.SettingDrinks were selected in a simulated online supermarket, before being purchased in an actual online supermarket.ParticipantsAdults in England and Wales who regularly consumed and purchased beer or wine online (n = 651). Six hundred and eight participants completed the study and were included in the primary analysis.InterventionsParticipants were randomized to one of six groups in a between‐subjects three [health warning labels (HWLs) (i): image‐and‐text HWL; (ii) text‐only HWL; (iii) no HWL] × 2 (calorie labels: present versus absent) factorial design (n per group 103–113).MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure was the number of alcohol units selected (with intention to purchase); secondary outcomes included alcohol units purchased and calories selected and purchased. There was no time limit for selection. For purchasing, participants were directed to purchase their drinks immediately (although they were allowed up to 2 weeks to do so).FindingsThere was no evidence of main effects for either (a) HWLs or (b) calorie labels on the number of alcohol units selected (HWLs: F(2,599) = 0.406, P = 0.666; calorie labels: F(1,599) = 0.002, P = 0.961). There was also no evidence of an interaction between HWLs and calorie labels, and no evidence of an overall difference on any secondary outcomes. In pre‐specified subgroup analyses comparing the ‘calorie label only’ group (n = 101) with the ‘no label’ group (n = 104) there was no evidence that calorie labels reduced the number of calories selected (unadjusted means: 1913 calories versus 2203, P = 0.643). Among the 75% of participants who went on to purchase drinks, those in the ‘calorie label only’ group (n = 74) purchased fewer calories than those in the ‘no label’ group (n = 79) (unadjusted means: 1532 versus 2090, P = 0.028).ConclusionsThere was no evidence that health warning labels reduced the number of alcohol units selected or purchased in an online retail context. There was some evidence suggesting that calorie labels on alcoholic and non‐alcoholic drinks may reduce calories purchased from both types of drinks.
Partnering with carers in the management of delirium in general acute care settings: An integrative review
Authors: Aggar Christina , Craswell Alison , Bail Kasia , Compton Roslyn , Hughes Mark , Sorwar Golam , Baker James , Shinners Lucy , Greenhill Jennene 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesDelirium is a common, preventable condition. However, delirium is poorly recognised and often missed because symptoms are misinterpreted, and risk factors overlooked by health‐care professionals. Carers usually have intimate knowledge about the person they care for. Therefore, they are well placed within care teams to implement delirium prevention strategies, identify symptoms and support the early diagnosis of delirium. The aim of this integrative review was to synthesise findings from the published research reporting on partnering with carers in the management of delirium in general acute care settings.MethodsFive databases (Medline‐EBSCO, PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, CINAHL and SCOPUS) were searched to identify primary research regarding partnering with carers in the management of delirium in acute care settings, and results were synthesised. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to, and quality appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsAll seven studies reported that partnering with carers was a viable strategy in the management of delirium to maximise outcomes for people at risk of or experiencing delirium and that increasing carers' knowledge of delirium was key. The synthesis of findings also identified two themes: Increasing knowledge and Effective partnerships.ConclusionsA collaborative approach to increasing carers' and nurses' knowledge about the management of delirium, coupled with education on how to develop therapeutic nurse–carer relationships, is important for ongoing effective partnerships in the management of delirium. Good communication supported effective partnerships, which enabled both nurses and carers the opportunity to express their needs and concerns and negotiate collaborative involvement in the management of delirium.
Efficacy and safety of medical termination of pregnancy in a regional primary care setting
Authors: LAI Sara Xiao‐Li , COHN Amanda 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAustralia has demonstrated high efficacy and safety of medical termination of pregnancy (MToP) using a mifepristone–buccal misoprostol regime. The provision of medical termination services in primary care has the potential to alleviate access barriers, particularly in rural and regional populations. Large‐scale data are needed to support the expansion of this model.AimThe aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of nurse‐led MToP within a regional general practice clinic.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients prescribed MToP from October 2014 to April 2020. Clinic nurses assessed patient eligibility and provided information, non‐directive counselling and instructions. The general practitioner then confirmed eligibility, obtained informed consent and prescribed. Patients were administered 200 mg of mifepristone orally in a pharmacy and then self‐administered 800‐μg buccal misoprostol 36–48 h later at home.ResultsA total of 998 patients were included in this study, with the median patient age being 27.3 years and 30.3% of patients travelling over 100 km to access the service. MToP was successful in 965 (96.7%) patients. There were 36 (3.6%) complications, of which 33 were incomplete MToP. Haemorrhage requiring transfusion, pain requiring hospital treatment and suspected infection were rare, each having a frequency of one (0.1%). Our follow‐up rate was 74.8%, with a strong correlation identified between increased gestational age and decreased follow‐up (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study is a large Australian example demonstrating high efficacy and safety of nurse‐led MToP within regional general practice. The establishment of similar services in rural and regional Australia may address geographical and financial barriers to termination access.
Individualization of the best approach for adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors: Sebastian‐Valverde Enric , Téllez Clara , Burdío Fernando , Poves Ignasi , Grande Luis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic postoperatives outcomes in adhesiolysis are promising but conversion and morbidity remains high. The objective of our study was to determine preoperative factors to individualize and select the most appropriate approach for each patient.MethodsPatients ≥18 years old undergoing emergent surgery for adhesive small bowel obstruction and internal hernias were evaluated. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate factors related to conversion to open surgery and to the type of adhesions.ResultsOf 333 patients, 224 were operated by laparotomy and 109 by laparoscopy (conversion rate: 40%). Previous abdominal wall mesh, type of adhesions, bowel lesion, need for intestinal resection and laparoscopic skills were statistically related to conversion. In the multivariate analysis, complex adhesions (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.5–12.2; P = 0.006), the need for intestinal resection (OR 14.16, 95% CI 2.55–78.68; P = 0.002), and non‐advanced laparoscopy surgeons (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.56–11.94; P = 0.005) were independent factors for conversion to open surgery. ASA III–IV, previous surgeries, previous abdominal mesh and previous adhesiolysis were related to complex adhesions. Previous laparoscopic surgery and internal hernia or closed loop in computed tomography were associated with simple adhesions as a cause of the obstruction. In the multivariate, previous adhesiolysis (OR 4.76, 95% CI 1.23–18.3; P = 0.023) and the findings on computed tomography were significantly related with the type of adhesion.ConclusionSome preoperative factors allow to individualize the surgical approach in the adhesive small bowel obstruction improving surgical outcomes.
Efficacy and non‐target effects of herbicides in foothills grassland restoration are short‐lived
Authors: Lugar Rachelle , Nelson Cara R. , Wagner Viktoria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuestionsSelective herbicides are frequently used in ecological restoration to control invasive non‐native forbs and recover plant communities. However, the long‐term efficacy of this practice, its non‐target effects on native plants, and its role in facilitating secondary invasions are not well understood. Similarly, little is known about the extent to which herbicide drift may affect native plant communities.LocationFoothills grasslands of Montana, USA.MethodsWe conducted a 6‐year experiment to investigate changes in the abundance of a target invasive plant, knapweed (Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos) and plant community structure in response to the herbicides Tordon® (picloram) and Milestone® (aminopyralid), applied at a recommended rate and a diluted rate that simulated drift.ResultsKnapweed cover and the richness of native and non‐native forb species declined in the first 3 years in response to treatment at recommended rates, but not drift rates. Secondary invasion by non‐native monocots was significant but weak. The cover of native forbs and the cover and richness of native monocots did not differ among treatments but changed significantly with the year. Surprisingly, 6 years after treatments, there were no differences among treatments in the cover of the target invasive plant or community structure.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the efficacy and non‐target effects of herbicides in grassland restoration can be short‐lived and idiosyncratic because of year effects. Restoration of knapweed invasions might require other active interventions, such as seeding or repeated spraying. Our study supports previous calls for long‐term monitoring of herbicides application in ecological restoration.
Topiramate use in a pediatric patient with comorbid bipolar disorder and trichotillomania: A 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Yang Ting , Liang Xiaolin , Wu Xiuhua , Li Tong , Lin Youzhen , Gan Zhaoyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTrichotillomania (TTM) is an intractable and chronic mental disorder that causes significant distress or functional impairments in various life domains. Most individuals with trichotillomania have other comorbid diagnoses. Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most common comorbid conditions. Up to date, no FDA‐approved drugs for TTM are available, not to mention children and adolescent patients with TTM and BD. Here, we present a case of an 8‐year‐old child with a long history of episodic TTM and bipolar disorder who was effectively treated with topiramate in a 3‐year follow‐up.
Updates on accelerated and blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasms: Are we making progress?
Authors: Mahdi Dina , Spiers Jessica , Rampotas Alexandros , Polverelli Nicola , McLornan Donal P. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryManagement approaches for accelerated and blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasms remain challenging for clinicians and patients alike. Despite many therapeutic advances, outcomes for those patients who are not allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant eligible remain, in general, very poor. Estimated survival rates for such blast phase patients is frequently reported as less than 6 months. No specific immunological, genomic or clinicopathological signature currently exists that accurately predicts the risk and timing of transformation, which frequently induces a high degree of anxiety among patients and clinicians alike. Within this review article, we provide an up‐to‐date summary of current understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of accelerated and blast phase disease and discuss current therapeutic approaches and realistic outcomes. Finally, we discuss how the horizon may look with the introduction of more novel agents into the clinical arena.