bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing of Antarctic polychaete reefs (Serpula narconensis): reproducible workflows for quantifying benthic structural complexity with action cameras, remotely operated vehicles and structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry
Authors: Montes‐Herrera Juan C. , Hill Nicole , Cummings Vonda J. , Johnstone Glenn J. , Stark Jonathan S. , Lucieer Vanessa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuantifying the structural complexity provided by biogenic habitat structures is important in ecology, conservation and management, and yet remains a challenging task, particularly in deep sea and polar environments, that current photogrammetry tools can alleviate. In this study, we demonstrate how small remotely operated vehicles and compact underwater GoPro® action cameras can be easily integrated into coastal Antarctic surveys to quantify structural complexity of under‐ice benthos via underwater photogrammetry. Forty‐four pairs of 1 m2 quadrats at 1 cm resolution, each comprising an orthomosaic and three‐dimensional reconstructions, were analyzed to describe relationships between benthic cover and structural complexity metrics. The study case provided insights into a unique biogenic habitat, highlighting the role of integrating structural complexity metrics in Antarctic benthic surveys. Although no clear relationships between structural complexity and biodiversity were found, high cover of live reef‐building polychaetes was associated with higher levels of structural complexity, particularly fractal dimension (D). Further, broken biogenic structures, product of disturbance events retain habitat structural complexity known to be associated with larvae settlement and biogenic reef growth. This suggests that D can be used as a metric for detecting subtle changes in biogenic structural complexity. We build from available open‐source code, a reproducible scientific workflow that is expected to facilitate the acquisition and analysis of structural complexity metrics. The workflow presented aims to encourage and accelerate the use of photogrammetry tools for benthic studies aiming to quantify biogenic structural complexity across depths and latitudes.
Estimating animal density using the Space‐to‐Event model and bootstrap resampling with motion‐triggered camera‐trap data
Authors: Lyet Arnaud , Waller Scott , Chambert Thierry , Acevedo Pelayo , Howe Eric , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Naidoo Robin , O'Brien Timothy , Palencia Pablo , Soutyrina Svetlana V. , Vicente Joaquin , Wearn Oliver R. , Gray Thomas N. E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the past few decades, the use of camera‐traps has revolutionized our ability to monitor populations of wild terrestrial mammals. While methods to estimate abundance from individually‐identifiable animals are well‐established, they are mostly restricted to species with clear natural markings or else necessitate invasive and often costly animal tagging campaigns. Estimating abundance or density from unmarked animals remains challenging. Several models recently developed to deal with this issue are promising, but are not widely used by field ecologists. Here, we developed a framework for applying the Space‐To‐Event (STE) model—originally designed to be used with time‐lapse images—on motion‐triggered camera‐trap data. Our approach involves performing bootstrap resampling on the photographic dataset to generate multiple datasets that are then used as input to the STE model. We tested our approach on 29 datasets, including 17 ungulate species from eight sites, in six different countries and various ecosystems. Then, we conducted a regression analysis to evaluate how variations in ecological and sampling conditions across studies affected the bias and precision of our STE density estimates. Our study shows that with a bootstrap resampling approach and information on animal activity and effective detection distances to animals, the STE model can be used to analyze motion‐trigger datasets and provide population density estimates that are similar to those from other methods. We found that measuring the camera viewshed was critical to prevent major negative biases in density estimates. Moreover, using a 1‐s sampling window was important to avoid the positive bias that results from violating the instantaneous‐sampling assumption. We found that precision increased with greater sampling effort and higher density populations. Based on these results, we highlight several issues from past studies that have applied the original timelapse‐based STE to motion‐trigger datasets, issues that our bootstrap resampling approach addresses. We caution that the STE model, whether applied to timelapse or motion‐triggered datasets, relies on strict assumptions. Any violations of these assumptions, such as non‐instantaneous sampling or the application of angle and distance of detection provided by the camera manufacturer, can cause biases in multiple directions that may be difficult to differentiate.
Fractionation and transport of compost‐derived dissolved organic matter fractions in saturated red soil and black soil columns
Authors: Miao Chuanghe , Zhou Hu , Rong Hui , Shang Jianying , Lv Yizhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fractionation and transport of compost‐derived dissolved organic matter (DOMC) could affect the transport and fate of nutrients and DOM‐associated pollutants in the soil environment. In this study, the humic acid fraction of DOMC (HAC) and fulvic acid fraction of DOMC (FAC) were selected to investigate the fractionation and transport of DOMC in repacked soil columns of a red soil and a black soil under different KCl concentrations. The effluent DOMC fractions were monitored by ultraviolet (UV)‐visible (Vis) light and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the molecular weight (MW) of the effluent DOM approached that of the influent DOMC fractions with the injection of DOMC fractions. Three‐dimensional fluorescence excitation emission matrices (3D‐EEMs) coupled with parallel factor analysis resolved three fluorescent components, that is, low MW UV humic‐like substances (C1), high MW UV humic‐like substances (C2), and protein‐like substances (C3). The mobility of HAC and FAC decreased with increasing KCl concentrations (1 mM–50 mM), implying that electrostatic interaction was an important mechanism for the retention of DOMC in soil columns. The fact that the mobility of DOMC fractions in the black soil was greater than that in the red soil could be attributed to the high free Fe oxide content in the red soil. The retained DOMC fractions did not entirely desorb by the background electrolyte solution, suggesting that a part of the DOMC fractions retained in soil columns was strongly bound. These results are helpful in understanding the fractionation and transport of DOMC in soil environments.
Re‐designing Social Impact Assessment to enhance community resilience for Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Action and Sustainable Development
Authors: Imperiale Angelo Jonas , Vanclay Frank 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnhancing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and community resilience are fundamental for sustainable development. However, cultural and political‐institutional barriers hinder governments from progressing towards sustainability. We propose a redesign of social impact assessment (SIA) to make it more applicable to the field of regional and urban planning, and we discuss the role SIA can have in enhancing community resilience to achieve DRR and sustainable development in localities. We argue that, to convert SIA into a tool that can inform regional recovery and development planning, a rethinking of SIA and of the role of SIA practitioners is needed. We therefore expound the SIA Framework for Action and we enhance it to be a community‐based process focussed on informing regional policies and plans and decisions about the projects to be included in such plans. Application of the SIA Framework for Action will help governments overcome the barriers to DRR and sustainable development.
Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies of Hydrazone‐based Organic Chromophores: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Haroon Muhammad , Akhtar Tashfeen , Khalid Muhammad , Mehmood Hasnain , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Alhokbany Norah , Ahmed Sarfraz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifferent strategies are utilized to design and synthesize remarkable non‐linear optical (NLO) materials. Herein, we have synthesized hydrazinylthiazole‐4‐carbohydrazides based eight derivatives (HZ1–HZ8) by condensation reaction of thiazole‐4‐carboxylates with hydrazine monohydrate. The structural interpretation of carbohydrazides was carried out with spectroscopic techniques i. e. FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and HRMS. For the exploration of varied terminal moieties impact, NLO properties of entitled compounds (HZ1–HZ8) were investigated via employing density functional theory (DFT) computations at B3LYP level along with 6‐31G(d,p) basis set. Aforementioned functional was utilized to acquire optimized geometries at true minima, non‐linear optical (NLO), UV‐Visible (UV‐Vis), frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. Moreover, dipole moment (μ), average linear polarizability <a> and first order hyperpolarizability (βtot.) were computed for all the synthesized chromophores (HZ1–HZ8). However, HZ5 displayed the maximum value of βtot (2710.8 a.u.) as compared to all the other investigated compounds. From the discussion, it can be concluded that, this study of hydrazone‐based derivatives believed to be a significant contribution for achieving proficient NLO materials. In a nutshell, HZ5 might be contemplated as a highly efficient material for advanced NLO applications owing to its maximum nonlinear optical response.
Cashing in on the culture wars?CEOactivism, wokewashing, and firm value
Authors: Melloni Gaia , Patacconi Andrea , Vikander Nick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryIn this article, we examine under what conditions CEO activism—the practice of corporate leaders to take public stances on sociopolitical issues—can create firm value. In our model consumers care about the type of firm they buy from, but also understand that corporate leaders can make false or misleading statements to pander to valuable demographics. We show that, although the profitability of CEO activism is severely compromised by this wokewashing, under some conditions credible, value‐enhancing sociopolitical communications can still take place. We characterize (i) when corporate leaders prefer to stay silent; (ii) when wokewashing is so widespread that no credible communication is possible; and (iii) when instead some credible communication can take place. We also show how an intrinsically motivated CEO can destroy or increase firm value.Managerial SummaryMany corporate leaders take public stances on sociopolitical issues and observers suggest that this practice can sometimes create firm value. A problem with the idea, however, is that, if taking a certain stance is indeed value enhancing, then many other CEOs may be tempted to take the same stance opportunistically. In this article, we study how CEO activism can be profitable when wokewashing is a real concern. We show that credible, value‐enhancing sociopolitical communications require controversial messages, as significant opposition from consumers with different worldviews is necessary to ensure the credibility of communications. Far from being a “bug,” controversy is a feature of credible CEO activism. We also demonstrate that a CEO's intrinsic motivation to take a stand can sometimes create value by making communications more credible. Obliquely, then, a CEO not primarily motivated by profits may be the best at maximizing profits.
Size‐Dependent Locomotion Ability of Surface Microrollers on Physiologically Relevant Microtopographical Surfaces
Authors: Bozuyuk Ugur , Yildiz Erdost , Han Mertcan , Demir Sinan Ozgun , Sitti Metin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractControlled microrobotic navigation inside the body possesses significant potential for various biomedical engineering applications. Successful application requires considering imaging, control, and biocompatibility. Interaction with biological environments is also a crucial factor in ensuring safe application, but can also pose counterintuitive hydrodynamic barriers, limiting the use of microrobots. Surface rolling microrobots or surface microrollers is a robust microrobotic platform with significant potential for various applications; however, conventional spherical microrollers have limited locomotion ability over biological surfaces due to microtopography effects resulting from cell microtopography in the size range of 2–5 µm. Here, the impact of the microtopography effect on spherical microrollers of different sizes (5, 10, 25, and 50 µm) is investigated using computational fluid dynamics simulations and experiments. Simulations revealed that the microtopography effect becomes insignificant for increasing microroller sizes, such as 50 µm. Moreover, it is demonstrated that 50 µm microrollers exhibited smooth locomotion ability on in vitro cell layers and inside blood vessels of a chicken embryo model. These findings offer rational design principles for surface microrollers for their potential practical biomedical applications.
A Bioinspired Atomically Thin Nanodot Supported Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Antibacterial Textile Coating
Authors: Dai Xiaohui , Liu Huan , Cai Bin , Liu Yang , Song Kepeng , Chen Jing , Ni Shou‐Qing , Kong Lingshuai , Zhan Jinhua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSurface antibacterial coatings with outstanding antibacterial efficiency have attracted increasing attention in medical protective clothing and cotton surgical clothing. Although nanozymes, as a new generation of antibiotics, are used to combat bacteria, their catalytic performance remains far from satisfactory as alternatives to natural enzymes. Single‐atom nanodots provide a solution to the low catalytic activity bottleneck of nanozymes. Here, atomically thin C3N4 nanodots supported single Cu atom nanozymes (Cu‐CNNDs) are developed by a self‐tailoring approach, which exhibits catalytic efficiency of 8.09 × 105 M−1 s−1, similar to that of natural enzyme. Experimental and theoretical calculations show that excellent peroxidase‐like activity stems from the size effect of carrier optimizing the coordination structure, leading to full exposure of Cu‐N3 active site, which improves the ability of H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Notably, Cu‐CNNDs exhibit over 99% superior antibacterial efficacy and are successfully grafted onto cotton fabrics. Thus, Cu‐CNNDs blaze an avenue for exquisite biomimetic nanozyme design and have great potential applications in antibacterial textiles.
DNA Nanoflower Eye Drops with Antibiotic‐Resistant Gene Regulation Ability for MRSA Keratitis Target Treatment
Authors: Ran Meixin , Sun Rong , Yan Jiaqi , Pulliainen Arto T. , Zhang Yu , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm‐associated bacterial keratitis is highly intractable, with strong resistance to β‐lactam antibiotics. Inhibiting the MRSA resistance gene mecR1 to downregulate penicillin‐binding protein PBP2a has been implicated in the sensitization of β‐lactam antibiotics to MRSA. However, oligonucleotide gene regulators struggle to penetrate dense biofilms, let alone achieve efficient gene regulation inside bacteria cells. Herein, an eye‐drop system capable of penetrating biofilms and targeting bacteria for chemo‐gene therapy in MRSA‐caused bacterial keratitis is developed. This system employed rolling circle amplification to prepare DNA nanoflowers (DNFs) encoding MRSA‐specific aptamers and mecR1 deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes). Subsequently, β‐lactam antibiotic ampicillin (Amp) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are sequentially loaded into the DNFs (ZnO/Amp@DNFs). Upon application, ZnO on the surface of the nanosystem disrupts the dense structure of biofilm and fully exposes free bacteria. Later, bearing encoded aptamer, the nanoflower system is intensively endocytosed by bacteria, and releases DNAzyme under acidic conditions to cleave the mecR1 gene for PBP2a down‐regulation, and ampicillin for efficient MRSA elimination. In vivo tests showed that the system effectively cleared bacterial and biofilm in the cornea, suppressed proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β （IL‐1β） and tumor neocrosis factor‐alpha （TNF‐α）, and is safe for corneal epithelial cells. Overall, this design offers a promising approach for treating MRSA‐induced keratitis.
Stray compositions of hatchery-origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead in natural spawning populations of the upper Columbia watershed
Authors: Pearsons Todd N. , Miller Mark D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
One of the biggest concerns of operating hatchery salmonid programs is high straying of returning adults into nontarget populations and the possible homogenization of genetic diversity among populations caused by spawning of stray fish. The composition of hatchery-origin stray Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss relative to the natural spawning populations, termed “recipient population stray composition,” was evaluated at three spatial scales in the upper Columbia River basin, where stray target limits were 5–10%.

Methods
Chinook Salmon carcasses were collected from 1999 to 2018 in spawning areas shortly after spawning, and carcasses were examined to determine origin. Steelhead strays and spawning escapement were evaluated using passive integrated transponder tags between 2013 and 2018. We calculated mean stray compositions for 1999–2018 and for 2014–2018.

Result
The mean recipient population stray compositions ranged between 0.02% and 87.35% and increased with decreasing spatial scale. Recipient stray compositions of all taxa at the basin scale were &lt;3%, and summer and fall Chinook Salmon were &lt;0.5%. Stray compositions in subbasins for all taxa ranged between 0.07% and 33.04%. Spring and summer Chinook Salmon exceeded 5% and 10% (summer Chinook Salmon) in some periods in the Entiat and Methow River subbasins, but stray compositions for all Chinook Salmon were &lt;5% in the Wenatchee, Okanogan, and Hanford Reach subbasins for all periods. All steelhead stray compositions in subbasins exceeded 5%, except for those in the Wenatchee subbasin. Stray compositions of spring Chinook Salmon in tributaries ranged between 0.61% and 87.35%. Only the Chiwawa, Icicle, and Twisp rivers were consistently below 10%.

Conclusion
In cases where recipient stray management targets were exceeded, some were the result of single hatchery contributions but others were the result of cumulative contributions from multiple hatcheries. Some solutions to reduce recipient stray compositions will likely involve a combination of changes to hatchery, harvest, and habitat management.
Improved calculation of soil hydraulic conductivity with the simplified evaporation method
Authors: Inforsato Leonardo , Iden Sascha , Durner Wolfgang , Peters Andre , De Jong van Lier Quirijn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNumerical modeling of soil water dynamics and storage is generally based on the Richards equation. Its solution requires knowledge of the soil hydraulic properties (SHP): the soil water retention function and the hydraulic conductivity function. To determine SHP, laboratory evaporation experiments are particularly popular because they provide data for both SHP functions. The evaluation by the simplified evaporation method (SEM) method, originally proposed by Schindler and subsequently improved by several authors, relies on linearization assumptions that allow for a relatively simple calculation scheme but result in biased conductivity data for some soils. The objective of this study is to propose and test an improved computational scheme for the hydraulic conductivity function. We present the new theory and show that it leads generally to higher accuracy of the conductivity function. The improvement is most pronounced for sandy soils and soil water pressure heads below −100 cm, where the original method provided data with bias.
Enhancing local governance through community‐based conservation: lessons learned from a Utah local working group
Authors: Small Justin R. , Messmer Terry A. , Brunson Mark W. , Thacker Eric T. , Dahlgren David K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBecause home ranges for many sensitive wildlife species often transcend jurisdictions, species conservation requires collaborative efforts to engage multiple stakeholders. The West Box Elder County Coordinated Resource Management (CRM) in northwestern Utah initially organized as a greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) local working group (LWG), evolved through a CRM process, to enhance local governance across jurisdictional boundaries by engaging a wider range of public and private partners in species conservation and community development. By completing landscape scale management and development projects, the CRM has benefitted wildlife and local ranchers and contributed to enhancing the social and economic well‐being of rural residents in the county. In 2019, to identify the operational mechanisms of governance that enabled the CRM to achieve long‐term sustainability while meeting community and species conservation needs, we interviewed 17 key stakeholders (8 private, 6 state, and 3 federal) who had been involved in both the LWG and CRM since their inception. Each interview addressed the CRM's origin, support and synergy, administration, communications, outcomes, and improvements. Qualitative analysis of responses revealed that 1) participation by representatives of federal and state government agencies was paramount for funding and program structure, 2) landowner involvement was necessary for long‐term stability and persistence, 3) intergroup communication has improved, and 4) trust of local landowners between state and federal agencies has been enhanced. However, respondents were concerned that the CRM governance process should be re‐evaluated periodically to mitigate stakeholder burnout and group cohesion deterioration. The re‐evaluation could help temper unrealistic expectations relative to sustaining momentum the CRM has achieved over the last decade and establish new goals to better address current conservation issues. Our results may be applicable by other rural communities who desire enhanced local governance to identify and address emerging community development needs and species conservation.
Towards Gestural Interaction with 3D Industrial Measurement Data Using HMD AR
Authors: Walczak Natalia , Sobiech Franciszek , Buczek Aleksandra , Jeanty Mathias , Kupiński Kamil , Chaniecki Zbigniew , Romanowski Andrzej , Grudzień Krzysztof 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the spread of augmented reality (AR) systems and its applications onto a number of various areas, the adoption of AR in industrial context is relatively limited. We decided to conduct an exploratory user study to define the eventual singularities that might be associated with the barriers for HMD AR technology adoption in the industrial settings, as recent works presented potential benefits of its applications with regard to specific 3D measurement data interpretation. The task-based study was designed to engage users with interaction of volumetric data of static and time series nature. We compared actions of users performed in lab vs. in situ conditions simulating real, process tomography measurement data visualisations for granular bulk solids flow in large containers. Study results revealed concrete directions for further work that might eventually enable wider adoption of HMD AR systems in the industrial context in terms of specific gestural interaction and visualisation techniques development.