bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Horizon: Exploration of Perovskite Solar Cells in Extreme Environments
Authors: Li Fengyuan , Yang Yang , Kadyrma Dilnaz , Dosmukhambetova Anar , Liu Zhe , Kalkozova Zhanar , Chen Ruihao , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrent research on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) predominantly targets terrestrial applications, with limited studies in extreme environments. Deploying PSCs in space and underwater necessitates meeting stringent performance and stability criteria. For space, PSCs must withstand high radiation and temperature extremes, while underwater, light intensity attenuation, spectrum changes, and varying water quality can degrade PSCs performance. Inspiringly, PSCs offer several advantages, including being lightweight, cost‐effective, easy to manufacture, and having adjustable bandgaps. These features make them more promising for applications in extreme conditions versus other photovoltaic (PV) devices. To further advance research on PSCs in extreme environments, this concept briefly describes the background of PSC applications in extreme conditions, summarizes the environmental characteristics and their impacts on the devices in both space and underwater settings, and comprehensively reviews the latest advancements in these fields. Finally, potential strategies for ensuring the long‐term stable operation of PSCs under extreme stressors are proposed.
Plains Zebras Prioritize Foraging Without Sacrificing Social Bonds During a Severe Drought
Authors: Hex Severine B. S. W. , Isbilen Erin S. , Rubenstein Daniel I. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAnthropogenically induced climate change has significantly increased the frequency of acute weather events, such as drought. As human activities amplify environmental stresses, animals may be forced to prioritize survival over behaviors less crucial to immediate fitness, such as socializing. Yet, social bonds may also enable individuals to weather the deleterious effects of environmental conditions. We investigated how the highly social plains zebra (Equus quagga) modify their activity budgets, social networks, and multimodal communication during a drought. Although animals prioritized feeding and the number of social interactions dramatically decreased in the late drought period, social associations remained robust. We observed age/sex class‐specific changes in social behavior, reflecting the nutritional needs and social niche of each individual. Stallions devoted more time to greeting behaviors, which could mitigate harassment by bachelor males and facilitate grazing time for the females of the harem. Juveniles significantly increased time spent active socializing, despite mothers showing the greatest decrease in the number of social interactions. Instead, unrelated, nonlactating females served as social partners, accommodating both juveniles' social needs and lactating mothers' nutritive requirements. Using a network‐based representation of multimodal communication, we observed a decrease in the number of signals used during the drought. Individuals used less diverse multimodal combinations, particularly in the costly context of aggression. These findings illustrate how social roles and differential responses to acute environmental stress within stable social groups may contribute to species resilience, and how communication flexibly responds to facilitate both survival and sociality under harsh environmental conditions.
Seasonal Variation in Home Range Sizes and Daily Distance to Ephemeral Surface Water for African Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Eastern Okavango Panhandle, Northern Botswana
Authors: Makati Anastacia A. , Songhurst Anna , Bennitt Emily , Masunga Gaseitsiwe S. , McCulloch Graham , Stronza Amanda , Matsika Tiroyaone A. , Eckardt Frank D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAfrican elephants (Loxodonta africana) are megaherbivores of the African savannas requiring extensive ranges that can provide critical resources for their survival and reproduction at different spatiotemporal scales. We studied seasonal differences in home range sizes and daily distance to the nearest surface water sources by five male and 10 female African elephants in the eastern Okavango Panhandle in northern Botswana between 2014 and 2017. We hypothesized that (i) elephant home ranges would be larger in the wet than in the dry season (because critical resources tend to be less localized in the wet than in the dry season), (ii) the daily distance of the elephants to the nearest ephemeral surface water sources would be larger in the dry than in the wet season because many of the ephemeral water sources would be dry in the dry season and elephants would start moving towards permanent water sources such as rivers, and lastly (iii) that the differences in elephant home ranges and daily distance to water would differ between sexes. Our results showed that elephant home ranges were larger in the wet than in the dry season, and that they differed between sexes with female elephants having smaller home ranges in the late wet season. The mean daily distance to the nearest ephemeral surface water sources was larger in the dry than in the wet season. There was an inverse relationship between elephants' daily distance to permanent surface water and to ephemeral water sources. The findings indicate the need for large conservation areas and functional connectivity between landscapes to enable the highly mobile savanna elephants to access critical seasonal resources such as water and forage in semi‐arid savannas. Such landscapes are critical, especially in the face of climate change, when high air temperatures and droughts may exacerbate forage and water shortage and intensify human–elephant interactions in surrounding agroecosystems.
Phenotypic Sorting of Pink Salmon Hatchery Strays May Alleviate Adverse Impacts of Reduced Variation in Fitness‐Associated Traits
Authors: McMahon Julia , May Samuel A. , Rand Peter S. , Gorman Kristen B. , McPhee Megan V. , Westley Peter A. H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMaladapted immigrants may reduce wild population productivity and resilience, depending on the degree of fitness mismatch between dispersers and locals. Thus, domesticated individuals escaping into wild populations is a key conservation concern. In Prince William Sound, Alaska, over 700 million pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) are released annually from hatcheries, providing a natural experiment to characterize the mechanisms underlying impacts to wild populations. Using a dataset of > 200,000 pink salmon sampled from 30 populations over 8 years, we detected significant body size and phenological differences between hatchery‐ and wild‐origin spawners, likely driven by competitive differences during maturation and broodstock selection practices. Variation in traits was reduced in hatchery fish, raising biodiversity concerns. However, phenotypic traits of immigrants and locals were positively correlated. We discuss possible mechanisms that may explain this pattern and how it may reduce adverse impacts associated with reduced trait variation. This study suggests that domestication impacts are likely widespread, but local adaptation may be maintained by phenotypic sorting.
Permethylated cyclodextrins with thiol groups as stabilizing agents for catalytic water‐soluble platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Marchenko Nataliia , Jung Sebastian , Pham Adeline , Creste Geordie , Aygün Mucahit , Esvan Jérôme , Coppel Yannick , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Armspach Dominique , Tricard Simon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, water‐soluble colloidal platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have been stabilized with novel thiolated cyclodextrins (CD‐SH) and their catalytic performance has been investigated. We varied the size of the CD cycle (α‐CD/β‐CD), the degree of thiolation (one or two thiol groups per CD), and the CD/Pt molar ratio (0.5; 0.2; 0.1; 0.05) to find the best performing water‐soluble, air‐stable hydrogenation catalyst. An organometallic approach for the Pt NP synthesis resulted in the formation of small well‐dispersed NPs of 1–2 nm in size, as shown by TEM. XPS analysis confirmed the formation of a Pt−S interaction, rationalizing the strong NP stabilization by a small quantity of CD‐SH, while preserving the NP catalytic properties. Only 0.1 equivalent of CD‐SH was enough to obtain a promising hydrogenation activity with preserved stability of the colloidal dispersion. Performing catalysis in biphasic conditions allowed simple separation of the products and reuse of the catalyst five times without deactivation.
Are Stabilisation Exercises Effective After Epidural Steroid Injection in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy? A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Tayboga Umut Islam , Olgun Yucel , Gunduz Osman Hakan , Sencan Savas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCervical radiculopathy is caused by dysfunction of nerve roots in the cervical spine. While many studies have assessed the effectiveness of interlaminar epidural steroid injection (ILESI) and stabilisation exercises separately for this condition, our study aims to evaluate the impact of different stabilisation exercise programmes following ILESI on treatment outcomes in radiculopathy patients.MethodsSixty‐two patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomised into three groups: cervical ILESI‐only (CO), neck stabilisation group (NSG) and scapular stabilisation group (SSG). The CO group received only ILESI, while NSG and SSG underwent stabilisation exercises following ILESI. Outcomes were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for neck and arm pain, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) for functionality and the Short Form‐12 (SF‐12) for quality of life at baseline, 1 and 3 months posttreatment.ResultsWhen NRS, NDI and SF‐12 parameters were analysed in all groups, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the 1st and 3rd months compared to the pretreatment period. While the improvement in SF‐12 physical parameters was significant in SSG and NSG in the 1st month compared to the pretreatment period, no significant difference was found in the CO group in the posttreatment periods. When the 1st and 3rd month results were analysed in NSG, a greater improvement was observed in terms of NRSNECK parameter in both evaluations compared to the other groups.ConclusionsStabilisation exercise programme, especially neck stabilisation, should be included after ILESI treatment due to positive effects on treatment outcomes.SignificanceTo the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate the effect of a stabilisation exercise programme after ILESI on treatment outcomes in patients with radiculopathy due to cervical disc herniation. It is a valuable study in terms of its prospective design, its specific and homogeneous patient population and its results. Our study will help clinicians when prescribing exercise programmes for these patients.Trial RegistrationNCT05307211
Causal Relationship Between Circulating Metabolites and Sarcopenia‐Related Traits: A Mendelian Randomization and Experimental Study
Authors: Qi Weihui , Mao Xinning , Mei Zhenglin , Zhu Li , Shao Yinyan , Ge Guofen , Jia Gaoyong , Pan Hao , Wang Dong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSarcopenia (SP), an age‐associated condition marked by muscle weakness and loss has been strongly connected with metabolic factors according to substantial evidence. Nevertheless, the causal correlation between SP and serum metabolites, and the biological signaling pathways involved, is still not well understood. We performed a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal relationships between 1091 levels and 309 ratios of metabolites with SP traits, alongside investigating the relevant biological signaling pathways. Additionally, we explored the differential expression of plasma metabolites and potential biological signaling pathways in an animal model of SP. When SP was utilized as the outcome, we identified 11 robust causal associations between seven metabolite levels/ratios and SP‐related traits using Bonferroni's correction (threshold: p < 0.05). We verified the stable causal association of glycine levels and SP in the validation. As for the reverse MR analysis, there were 11 strong causal relationships with 11 plasma metabolite levels/ratios remaining after multiple contrast correction. Additionally, biological signaling pathway analysis showed that glycine metabolism, insulin resistance, and cAMP signaling pathways may contribute to the connection between metabolites and SP. Mendelian validation of various datasets and observations in animal serum metabolomics suggests a strong association between glycine metabolism and SP. Our results indicate that the identified metabolites and biosignaling pathways could serve as important circulatory metabolic biomarkers for the screening and prevention of SP in clinical settings. Additionally, they represent potential molecules for future exploration of mechanisms and selection of drug targets.
Deformation Mechanism of Large‐Scale Ancient Reservoir Landslides Driven by the Monitoring Data and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Deng Huiwen , Zhang Wengang , Wang Luqi , Kang Yanfei , Wang Yucheng , Wang Lin , Zou Yulin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGlobally, the reactivation of ancient landslides in reservoir areas poses severe threats to the safety of human society and the natural environment, attracting widespread attention in the fields of science and engineering. The periodic reservoir water level fluctuations and precipitation are the main reasons for the reactivation of ancient landslides, and the complexity of landslide disaster prevention and control is expected to increase due to the combined effects of both factors. In this study, a comprehensive method of on‐site investigation, displacement monitoring, and numerical simulation has been proposed to analyse the seepage field, stability, and deformation field of the landslide by considering the ancient Qingshi landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) as an example. The numerical simulation method is used to simulate the dynamic evolution process of the Qingshi landslide, and the measured data validates the accuracy of the method. The results indicate that the fluctuations in the reservoir water level and rainfall significantly affect the stability of the Qingshi landslide. The increase in landslide activity is dominated by reservoir water level fluctuations, rather than rainfall. In addition, this study also identifies the potential sliding surface of the landslide and predicts the possible mode of instability. This research can provide technical support and decision‐making reference for the early warning and control of landslide disasters in reservoir areas.
Characterizing Microglial Signaling Dynamics During Inflammation Using Single‐Cell Mass Cytometry
Authors: Kumar Sushanth , Kahle August D. , Keeler Austin B. , Zunder Eli R. , Deppmann Christopher D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMicroglia play a critical role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and display remarkable plasticity in their response to inflammatory stimuli. However, the specific signaling profiles that microglia adopt during such challenges remain incompletely understood. Traditional transcriptomic approaches provide valuable insights, but fail to capture dynamic post‐translational changes. In this study, we utilized time‐resolved single‐cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) to measure distinct signaling pathways activated in microglia upon exposure to bacterial and viral mimetics—lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory role of astrocytes on microglial signaling in mixed cultures. Microglia or mixed cultures derived from neonatal mice were treated with LPS or Poly(I:C) for 48 h. Cultures were stained with a panel of 33 metal‐conjugated antibodies targeting signaling and identity markers. High‐dimensional clustering analysis was used to identify emergent signaling modules. We found that LPS treatment led to more robust early activation of pp38, pERK, pRSK, and pCREB compared to Poly(I:C). Despite these differences, both LPS and Poly(I:C) upregulated the classical reactivity markers CD40 and CD86 at later time points. Strikingly, the presence of astrocytes significantly blunted microglial responses to both stimuli, particularly dampening CD40 upregulation. Our studies demonstrate that single‐cell mass cytometry effectively captures the dynamic signaling landscape of microglia under pro‐inflammatory conditions. This approach may pave the way for targeted therapeutic investigations of various neuroinflammatory disorders. Moreover, our findings underscore the necessity of considering cellular context, such as astrocyte presence, in interpreting microglial behavior during inflammation.
Connectome‐Based Predictive Modeling of Trait Mindfulness
Authors: Treves Isaac N. , Kucyi Aaron , Park Madelynn , Kral Tammi R. A. , Goldberg Simon B. , Davidson Richard J. , Rosenkranz Melissa , Whitfield‐Gabrieli Susan , Gabrieli John D. E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTrait mindfulness refers to one's disposition or tendency to pay attention to their experiences in the present moment, in a non‐judgmental and accepting way. Trait mindfulness has been robustly associated with positive mental health outcomes, but its neural underpinnings are poorly understood. Prior resting‐state fMRI studies have associated trait mindfulness with within‐ and between‐network connectivity of the default‐mode (DMN), fronto‐parietal (FPN), and salience networks. However, it is unclear how generalizable the findings are, how they relate to different components of trait mindfulness, and how other networks and brain areas may be involved. To address these gaps, we conducted the largest resting‐state fMRI study of trait mindfulness to‐date, consisting of a pre‐registered connectome‐based predictive modeling analysis in 367 meditation‐naïve adults across three samples collected at different sites. In the model‐training dataset, we did not find connections that predicted overall trait mindfulness, but we identified neural models of two mindfulness subscales, Acting with Awareness and Non‐judging. Models included both positive networks (sets of pairwise connections that positively predicted mindfulness with increasing connectivity) and negative networks, which showed the inverse relationship. The Acting with Awareness and Non‐judging positive network models showed distinct network representations involving FPN and DMN, respectively. The negative network models, which overlapped significantly across subscales, involved connections across the whole brain with prominent involvement of somatomotor, visual and DMN networks. Only the negative networks generalized to predict subscale scores out‐of‐sample, and not across both test datasets. Predictions from both models were also negatively correlated with predictions from a well‐established mind‐wandering connectome model. We present preliminary neural evidence for a generalizable connectivity models of trait mindfulness based on specific affective and cognitive facets. However, the incomplete generalization of the models across all sites and scanners, limited stability of the models, as well as the substantial overlap between the models, underscores the difficulty of finding robust brain markers of mindfulness facets.
Analysis of Distribution Patterns and Competitiveness of the Ethnic Medicine and Healthcare Industry Using Multi‐Source Data
Authors: Wang Jintao , Li Zhengliang , Tan Wenhong , Tan Hui , Li Xiaofei , Zhou Xuhong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe healthcare industry is widely regarded as a key driver of economic growth and social development in the 21st century. This study employed multi‐source data alongside hybrid analytical techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hotspot analysis, and clustering analysis, to explore the development factors and spatial patterns of the ethnic medicine and healthcare industry (EMH) in Yunnan Province, China. The results indicate that the first five principal components account for 79.80% of the total variance, providing significant insights into the industry's competitive drivers. Using the Porter Diamond Model (PDM), spatial clustering of the EMH sector across Yunnan reveals a distinct pattern of ‘one ring, two points, three areas, and multiple clusters.’ The analysis further shows that industrial competitiveness is highly correlated with to the spatial distribution of regional factors, suggesting the need for a targeted development strategy: ‘central innovation, western optimization, eastern enhancement, northern strengthening, and southern expansion.’ These findings provide valuable recommendations for policymakers aiming to enhance the traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) sector's contribution to regional economic development and healthcare modernisation in many parts of the world.
Evaluating the Effectiveness, Safety, and Satisfaction Rates of Phenol 90%, Trichloroacetic Acid 100%, and Radiofrequency in Lateral Matricectomy for the Treatment of Ingrown Toenails: A Triple‐Arm Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Keshavarz Zahra , Behrangi Elham , Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction rates of three different lateral matricectomy methods for treating ingrown toenails: 90% phenol, 100% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Our objective was to identify which method offers superior outcomes regarding postoperative pain, healing time, aesthetic results, and complication rates.MethodsConducted between August 2022 and June 2023, the study included 12 eligible patients divided into three groups: Group 1 underwent lateral matricectomy with 90% phenol, Group 2 with 100% TCA, and Group 3 with RF treatment. Preoperative assessments were conducted, and patients were followed up on the day after surgery and at Weeks 1, 2, and 3, as well as at Months 1, 2, 6, and 9 postoperatively (totaling nine assessments). Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while wound discharge and bleeding were rated on specified scales.ResultsMean pre‐ and postoperative (second day) pain scores were 6.0 ± 3.3 and 0.75 ± 0.67 for Group 1, 6.25 ± 4.92 and 1.75 ± 0.58 for Group 2, and 6.25 ± 2.25 and 3.50 ± 0.50 for Group 3, with significant differences observed. RF treatment showed higher moderate postoperative pain compared to mild pain in the phenol and TCA groups. Average healing time was 22.75 ± 3.50 days (phenol), 40 ± 12.91 days (TCA), and 26.25 ± 6.70 days (RF), with phenol demonstrating faster healing, although differences were statistically insignificant. The median aesthetic outcomes favored phenol with a score of 5.0.ConclusionLateral matricectomy with 90% phenol, 100% TCA, and RF all provide unique advantages for ingrown toenail treatment. Phenol exhibited high success rates, minimal complications, faster healing, and excellent aesthetic outcomes.Trial RegistrationIRCT, IRCT20220228054152N1. Registered 03 January 2023, https://www.irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/65907.