bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Aflatoxin Content and Bacteriological Assay of Garri Collected From Ado–Ekiti in Ekiti State
Authors: Omodara T. R. , Fajilade O. T. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The majority of people in Nigeria consume Garri, as it is known there. It can be consumed by mixing it with cold water, sugar, or milk to make a snack, or by reconstituting it with hot water to make a thick paste that can be eaten with soup or stew. However, the lack of standardization in production and handling procedures has led to a product with a range of quality and safety indices.
Aims: This study examined the level of microbiological contamination, the presence of aflatoxin, and its dispersion in Garri procured in Ado-Ekiti.
Methodology: Altogether 14 samples were collected into sterile ziplock bags. The isolation of fungi was carried out using the direct plating method.
Results: The result showed six (6) genera of fungi viz: Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., and Yeast. The bacteria isolated and identified from the samples include; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. The presence of these organisms pose risk to both Human and Animals. These were analyzed for aflatoxin content using standard procedures. Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) was detected in varying concentrations ranging from 13ppm-259ppm while the concentration of aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) was between 3ppm-16ppm. The concentration of Aflatoxin G1 and G2 were zero.
Conclusion: High levels of aflatoxins pose a great risk to human health. It is hereby recommended to implement steps like prioritizing sanitation in the state to protect the lives of the populace. Also, handlers/vendors should be educated on proper handling of food.
Imagining the Other
Authors: Dillon Grant 
Published: March 2023

I sit opposite my client, a 25-year-old Māori woman. It is our second session. Just in front of her face, as if projected on a screen, is the face of a middle-aged Māori man. I blink; I rub my eyes. The face of the man remains. Is this a projection of mine, a construction of who I imagine her to be? Or is it a communication from her? Or might it be a deceased relative, who needs to be prayed for and asked to leave, as my cultural advisor suggests?
It is inevitable that Pākehā psychotherapists will translate Māori concepts into a western psychotherapeutic reading; for example, to interpret the last suggestion above as a metaphor for internal object relations. But as with any translation, something is lost, and our apparent understanding masks what we do not know. In fact, our dependence on familiar ways of understanding has many psychotherapeutic, cultural and political implications.
Robotic Locomotion and Piezo1 Activity Controlled with Novel Liquid Marble‐based Soft Actuators
Authors: Gomez Jasmine C. , Vishnosky Nicholas S. , Kim Spencer T. , Dinca Steluta A. , Finkelstein Eric B. , Steinhardt Rachel C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel soft actuator is designed, fabricated, and optimized for applied use in soft robotics and biomedical applications. The soft actuator is powered by the expansion and contraction of a graphene‐containing and encased liquid marble using the photothermal effect. Unfortunately, conventional liquid marbles are found to be too fragile and prone to cracking and failure for such applications. After experimentation, it is possible to remedy this problem by synthesizing liquid marbles encased with polymeric shells–polymerized in situ–for added mechanical strength and robustness. These marbles are shown to have intrinsic photothermal activity. They are then situated in bimorph‐type soft actuators where one side of the actuator has a dramatically different Young's modulus than the other, leading to directional actuation which is successfully demonstrated in multistep walking soft robots. The soft actuators are shown to successfully activate the mechanosensitive Piezo protein in a transfected human cell line with high effectiveness and no toxicity. Overall, the liquid marble‐powered soft actuators described here represent a new soft actuation methodology and a novel tool for mechanobiological studies, such as stem cell fate and organoid differentiation.
Homopolymeric Protein Phosphors: Overpassing the Stability Frontier of Deep‐Red Bio‐Hybrid Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ferrara Sara , Fernandéz‐Blázquez Juan P. , Fuenzalida Werner Juan Pablo , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough protein‐polymer phosphors are an emerging photon‐management filter concept for hybrid light‐emitting diodes, deep‐red‐emitting devices based on archetypal fluorescent proteins (FPs; mCherry) are still poorly performing with lifetimes <50 h under high photon‐flux excitation and ambient conditions. Here, the challenge is two‐fold: i) understanding the deactivation mechanism of red‐emitting FP‐polymer coatings and, in turn, ii) identifying the best polymer design for highly stable devices. This study first provides comprehensive photophysical/thermal/structural studies and device degradation (ambient/inert) analysis, revealing the presence of photo‐induced cis–trans isomerization and the effect of oxygen and water on the deactivation of mCherry in reference polymer coatings. Based on these findings, a new bio‐phosphor configuration using polyvinyl alcohol derivatives, in which crystallinity and amount of trapped water (stiffness and oxygen/moisture barriers) are easily controlled by the hydroxylation degree, is successfully achieved. Compared to the prior art, these devices significantly outperform the reference stability (>50‐fold enhancement), showing a brightness loss of <5% over the first 2000 h and a final device lifetime of 2600 h. Hence, this study describes a unique rationale toward designing polymers to stabilize FPs for lighting, overpassing stability frontiers in deep‐red hybrid light‐emitting diodes (HLEDs) going from hours to months.
A Bioinspired Gelatin–Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Coating on Titanium Implant for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Feng Yanhuizhi , Wu Di , Knaus Jennifer , Keßler Sascha , Ni Bing , Chen ZongKun , Avaro Johnathan , Xiong Rui , Cölfen Helmut , Wang Zuolin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiocompatible and bio‐active coatings can enhance and accelerate osseointegration via chemical binding onto substrates. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has been shown as a precursor to achieve mineralization in vertebrates and invertebrates under the control of biological macromolecules. This work presents a simple bioinspired Gelatin‐CaPO4 (Gel‐CaP) composite coating on titanium surfaces to improve osseointegration. The covalently bound Gel‐CaP composite is characterized as an ACP‐Gel compound via SEM, FT‐IR, XRD, and HR‐TEM. The amorphous compound coating exhibits a nanometer range thickness and improved elastic modulus, good wettability, and nanometric roughness. The amount of grafted carboxyl groups and theoretical thickness of the coatings are also investigated. More importantly, MC3T3 cells, an osteoblast cell line, show excellent cell proliferation and adhesion on the Gel‐CaP coating. The level of osteogenic genes is considerably upregulated on Ti with Gel‐CaP coatings compared to uncoated Ti, demonstrating that Gel‐CaP coatings possess a unique osteogenic ability. To conclude, this work offers a new perspective on functional, bioactive titanium coatings, and Gel‐CaP composites can be a low‐cost and promising candidate in bone regeneration.
Ti3C2Tx MXene van der Waals Gate Contact for GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors
Authors: Wang Chuanju , Xu Xiangming , Tyagi Shubham , Rout Paresh C. , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Sarkar Biplab , Khandelwal Vishal , Liu Xinke , Gao Linfei , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Alshareef Husam N. , Li Xiaohang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGate controllability is a key factor that determines the performance of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). However, at the traditional metal‐GaN interface, direct chemical interaction between metal and GaN can result in fixed charges and traps, which can significantly deteriorate the gate controllability. In this study, Ti3C2Tx MXene films are integrated into GaN HEMTs as the gate contact, wherein van der Waals heterojunctions are formed between MXene films and GaN without direct chemical bonding. The GaN HEMTs with enhanced gate controllability exhibit an extremely low off‐state current (IOFF) of 10−7 mA mm−1, a record high ION/IOFF current ratio of ≈1013 (which is six orders of magnitude higher than conventional Ni/Au contact), a high off‐state drain breakdown voltage of 1085 V, and a near‐ideal subthreshold swing of 61 mV dec−1. This work shows the great potential of MXene films as gate electrodes in wide‐bandgap semiconductor devices.
Tailoring Molecular‐Scale Contact at the Perovskite/Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Material Interface for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Jiaonan , Ma Ke , Lin Zih‐Yu , Tang Yuanhao , Varadharajan Dharini , Chen Alexander X. , Atapattu Harindi R. , Lee Yoon Ho , Chen Ke , Boudouris Bryan W. , Graham Kenneth R. , Lipomi Darren J. , Mei Jianguo , Savoie Brett M. , Dou Letian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 25% and incorporating polymers as hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) can further enhance the stability of devices toward the goal of commercialization. Among the various polymeric hole‐transporting materials, poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA) is one of the promising HTL candidates with good stability; however, the hydrophobicity of PTAA causes problematic interfacial contact with the perovskite, limiting the device performance. Using molecular side‐chain engineering, a uniform 2D perovskite interlayer with conjugated ligands, between 3D perovskites and PTAA is successfully constructed. Further, employing conjugated ligands as cohesive elements, perovskite/PTAA interfacial adhesion is significantly improved. As a result, the thin and lateral extended 2D/3D heterostructure enables as‐fabricated PTAA‐based PSCs to achieve a PCE of 23.7%, improved from the 18% of reference devices. Owing to the increased ion‐migration energy barrier and conformal 2D coating, unencapsulated devices with the new ligands exhibit both superior thermal stability under 60 °C heating and moisture stability in ambient conditions.
Bifunctional Ultrathin RhRu0.5‐Alloy Nanowire Electrocatalysts for Hydrazine‐Assisted Water Splitting
Authors: Fu Xiaoyang , Cheng Dongfang , Wan Chengzhang , Kumari Simran , Zhang Hongtu , Zhang Ao , Huyan Huaixun , Zhou Jingxuan , Ren Huaying , Wang Sibo , Zhao Zipeng , Zhao Xun , Chen Jun , Pan Xiaoqing , Sautet Philippe , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrazine‐assisted water electrolysis offers a feasible path for low‐voltage green hydrogen production. Herein, the design and synthesis of ultrathin RhRu0.5‐alloy wavy nanowires as bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the anodic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is reported. It is shown that the RhRu0.5‐alloy wavy nanowires can achieve complete electrooxidation of hydrazine with a low overpotential and high mass activity, as well as improved performance for the HER. The resulting RhRu0.5 bifunctional electrocatalysts enable, high performance hydrazine‐assisted water electrolysis delivering a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at an ultralow cell voltage of 54 mV and a high current density of 853 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 0.6 V. The RhRu0.5 electrocatalysts further demonstrate a stable operation at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 for 80 hours of testing period with little irreversible degradation. The overall performance greatly exceeds that of the previously reported hydrazine‐assisted water electrolyzers, offering a pathway for efficiently converting hazardous hydrazine into molecular hydrogen.
The PRMT6/PARP1/CRL4B Complex Regulates the Circadian Clock and Promotes Breast Tumorigenesis
Authors: Yang Tianshu , Huang Wei , Ma Tianyu , Yin Xin , Zhang Jingyao , Huo Miaomiao , Hu Ting , Gao Tianyang , Liu Wei , Zhang Die , Yu Hefen , Teng Xu , Zhang Min , Qin Hao , Yang Yunkai , Yuan Baowen , Wang Yan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCircadian rhythms, as physiological systems with self‐regulatory functions in living organisms, are controlled by core clock genes and are involved in tumor development. The protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) serves as an oncogene in a myriad of solid tumors, including breast cancer. Hence, the primary aim of the current study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which the PRMT6 complex promotes breast cancer progression. The results show that PRMT6, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and the cullin 4 B (CUL4B)‐Ring E3 ligase (CRL4B) complex interact to form a transcription‐repressive complex that co‐occupies the core clock gene PER3 promoter. Moreover, genome‐wide analysis of PRMT6/PARP1/CUL4B targets identifies a cohort of genes that is principally involved in circadian rhythms. This transcriptional‐repression complex promotes the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer by interfering with circadian rhythm oscillation. Meanwhile, the PARP1 inhibitor Olaparib enhances clock gene expression, thus, reducing breast carcinogenesis, indicating that PARP1 inhibitors have potential antitumor effects in high‐PRMT6 expression breast cancer.
Confronting Sulfur Electrode Passivation and Li Metal Electrode Degradation in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Using Thiocyanate Anion
Authors: Jung Jinkwan , Chu Hyunwon , Kim Ilju , Lee Dong Hyun , Doo Gisu , Kwon Hyeokjin , Jo Wonhee , Kim Sejin , Cho Hyenah , Kim Hee‐Tak 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSalt anions with a high donor number (DN) enable high sulfur utilization in lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries by inducing three‐dimensional (3D) Li2S growth. However, their insufficient compatibility with Li metal electrodes limits their cycling stability. Herein, a new class of salt anion, thiocyanate (SCN−), is presented, which features a Janus character of electron donor and acceptor. Due to a strong Li+coordination by SCN−and the direct interaction of SCN−with polysulfide anions, the LiSCN electrolyte has a remarkably high lithium polysulfide solubility. This electrolyte induces 3D Li2S formation and ameliorates cathode passivation, even more than Br−, a typical high DN anion. Moreover, SCN−forms a Li3N‐enriched stable SEI layer at the surface of the Li metal electrode, enhancing cycling stability. A Li‐S battery with the LiSCN electrolyte shows high current density operation (2.54 mA cm⁻2) with high discharge capacity (1133 mAh g⁻1) and prolonged cycle life (100 cycles). This work demonstrates that the cathode and anode performance in a Li‐S battery can be simply and concurrently enhanced by the single salt anion.
A Janus Separator based on Cation Exchange Resin and Fe Nanoparticles‐decorated Single‐wall Carbon Nanotubes with Triply Synergistic Effects for High‐areal Capacity Zn−I2 Batteries
Authors: Kang Yuanhong , Chen Guanhong , Hua Haiming , Zhang Minghao , Yang Jin , Lin Pengxiang , Yang Huiya , Lv Zeheng , Wu Qilong , Zhao Jinbao , Yang Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZn−I2 batteries stand out in the family of aqueous Zn‐metal batteries (AZMBs) due to their low‐cost and immanent safety. However, Zn dendrite growth, polyiodide shuttle effect and sluggish I2 redox kinetics result in dramatically capacity decay of Zn−I2 batteries. Herein, a Janus separator composed of functional layers on anode/cathode sides is designed to resolve these issues simultaneously. The cathode layer of Fe nanoparticles‐decorated single‐wall carbon nanotubes can effectively anchor polyiodide and catalyze the redox kinetics of iodine species, while the anode layer of cation exchange resin rich in −SO3− groups is beneficial to attract Zn2+ ions and repel detrimental SO42−/polyiodide, improving the stability of cathode/anode interfaces synergistically. Consequently, the Janus separator endows outstanding cycling stability of symmetrical cells and high‐areal‐capacity Zn−I2 batteries with a lifespan over 2500 h and a high‐areal capacity of 3.6 mAh cm−2.
A Universal Formation Mechanism of Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structures Dominated by Concentration Waves
Authors: Wei Yanze , Cheng Yiping , Zhao Decai , Feng Yuan , Wei Peng , Wang Jiangyan , Ge Wei , Wang Dan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMS), a new family of hierarchical nano/micro‐structured materials, have evoked intensive studies to discover their unique temporal‐spatial ordering features. The theoretical understanding of the general synthetic methods of HoMS, i.e. the sequential templating approach (STA), makes it possible to understand, predict, and control the shell formation process. Herein, a mathematical model is established based on the experiment results, which reveal the appearance of concentration waves in the STA. The numerical simulation results not only correspond well to the experimental observations but also explain the regulation methods. Whereby, the underlying physical essence of STA is elucidated, suggesting that HoMS is the concrete representation of the concentration waves. Thereafter the formation of HoMS is not limited to the solid‐gas reactions through high‐temperature calcination, but could be extended to solution systems under low‐temperature conditions.
Phosphine‐Manipulated p‐π and π‐π Synergy Enables Efficient Ultralong Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Lu Guang , Man Yi , Zhang Jing , Chen Shuo , Han Chunmiao , Xu Hui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) attracts extensive attentions, but still faces the challenge of achieving both high RTP efficiencies (ηRTP) and long lifetimes (τRTP), due to the intrinsic contradiction between triplet radiation and stabilization. In this work, we developed three carbazole‐triphenylphosphine hybrids named xCzTPP, in which phosphine groups provide nonbonding electrons and steric hindrance to modulate intermolecular p‐π and π‐π interactions. With the rational orientations and spatial positions of functional groups, para‐substituted pCzTPP achieves high ηRTP over 10 % and more than twofold increased τRTP (>600 ms), compared to ortho‐ and meta‐ isomers. Theoretical simulation and photophysical investigation indicate that the strongest intermolecular p‐π and π‐π electronic interplays of pCzTPP harmonize high transition probability of 3pπ state and triplet stability of 3ππ state, reflecting the p‐π and π‐π synergy in RTP process.
C−H Functionalization and Allylic Amination for Post‐Polymerization Modification of Polynorbornenes
Authors: Gitter Sean R. , Teh Wei Pin , Yang Xuejin , Dohoda Alexander F. , Michael Forrest E. , Boydston Andrew J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPost‐polymerization modification (PPM) via direct C−H functionalization is a powerful synthetic strategy to convert polymer feed‐stocks into value‐added products. We found that a metal‐free, Se‐catalyzed allylic C−H amination provided an efficient method for PPM of polynorbornenes (PNBs) produced via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. Inherent to the mechanism of the allylic amination, PPM on PNBs preserved the alkene functional groups along the polymer backbone, while also avoiding transposition of the double bonds. Amination using a series of aryl sulfonamides led to good control over the degree of functionalization, access to a range of functionalities, and tunable thermal properties from the resulting polymers.
Singlet Oxygen Induced Site‐Specific Etching Boosts Nitrogen‐Carbon Sites for High‐Efficiency Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Ye Guanying , Liu Suqin , Zhao Kuangmin , He Zhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTargeted construction of carbon defects near the N dopants is an intriguing but challenging way to boost the electrocatalytic activity of N‐doped carbon toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we report a novel site‐specific etching strategy that features targeted anchoring of singlet oxygen (1O2) on the N‐adjacent atoms to directionally construct topological carbon defects neighboring the N dopants in N‐doped carbon (1O2−N/C). This 1O2−N/C exhibits the highest ORR half‐wave potential of 0.915 VRHE among all the reported metal‐free carbon catalysts. Pyridinic‐N bonded with a carbon pentagon of the neighboring topological carbon defects is identified as the primary active configuration, rendering enhanced adsorption of O2, optimized adsorption energy of the ORR intermediates, and a significantly decreased total energy barrier for ORR. This 1O2‐induced site‐specific etching strategy is also applicable to different precursors, showing a tremendous potential for targeted construction of high‐efficiency active sites in carbon‐based materials.
Tracking the effects of the long‐term changes on the coastal archaeological sites of the Mediterranean using remote sensing data: The case study from the northern shoreline of Nile Delta of Egypt
Authors: Elfadaly Abdelaziz , Abutaleb Khaled , Naguib Doaa M. , Mostafa Wael , Abouarab Mohamed A. R. , Ashmawy Aiman , Wilson Penelope , Lasaponara Rosa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change effects along with anthropogenic activities present the main factors that threaten the existence of heritage sites across the north Nile Delta of Egypt close to the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea. Observing the changes in the landscape close to the archaeological sites is an important issue for decision‐makers in terms of reducing the negative impact of natural events and human activities. The coastal heritage sites are becoming strongly threatened by the rising sea level phenomena that will happen due to global warming. Focusing on the distribution of the archaeological sites, this study aims to detect the areas at risk of shoreline erosion or accretion in the northern shoreline of the Nile Delta. In this study, the changes in the northern shoreline of the Nile Delta were observed and calculated during the last hundred years based on the integration between the old topographic maps from surveys in 1900, 1925 and 1945, optical satellite images captured by Landsat in 1972, 1986 and 2000; Sentinel2 2021; and the Radar SRTM data. The results of this study showed that the changes were enormous with a great shoreline erosion process over the last 121 years recorded along the shoreline in the periods between 1900–1925, 1925–1945, 1945–1972, 1972–1986, 1986–2000 and 2000–2021. The areas eroded were about 5.3, 4.7, 5.6, 8.9, 2.5 and 5.4 km2, respectively. Such negative movements caused the loss of two heritage sites, and the expected changes will lead to the loss of additional heritage sites in the next 500 years. Furthermore, a model was suggested for protecting the coastal heritage sites threatened by the risk of submergence. This study can help the decision‐makers to detect the coastal archaeological sites at risk and create innovative solutions for protecting these irreplaceable heritage sites.