bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of grandchild care on depressive symptoms of grandparents in China: The mediating effects of generational support from children
Authors: Hong Yue , Xu Wei , Zhao Lijuan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesDespite extensive studies about the direct effect of grandchild care on caregiver depression in China, understanding of its internal influencing mechanism has been limited. After controlling for socioeconomic factors, this study investigated whether the experience of caring for grandchildren had a long-term impact on the depression levels of grandparents, either directly or indirectly through generational support from adult children.MethodsThe subjects of this study were a total of 9,219 adults over 45 who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys in 2015 and 2018. We adopted a lag-behind variable to examine the impact of grandchild care on depressive symptoms of grandparents. The proposed mediation model was analyzed using bootstrap modeling, and the KHB method was conducted further to examine differences in the effects of generational support.ResultsThe experience of caring for grandchildren had a significant negative correlation with the depression level of Chinese grandparents. Moreover, children's support significantly mediated the impact of parenting experience on grandparents' depression. Significantly, instrumental support mediated the effect to the greatest extent, while emotional support from children contributed the least. The intermediary effect has urban–rural heterogeneity.ConclusionThese findings indicated that grandchild care significantly inhibited the depression level of Chinese grandparents through increased intergenerational support from adult children. The implications of the study's findings were discussed.
Barriers and enablers of 1.5° lifestyles: Shallow and deep structural factors shaping the potential for sustainable consumption
Authors: Hirth Steffen , Kreinin Halliki , Fuchs Doris , Blossey Nils , Mamut Pia , Philipp Jeremy , Radovan Isabelle ,   The EU1.5°Lifestyles Consortium
Published: March 2023

IntroductionTransforming consumption and lifestyles toward sustainability cannot be achieved by individual behavior change alone but requires changes in the structures in which this behavior is embedded. However, “structure” is a blurry concept and scholars use it in a multitude of ways. What often remains implicit in studies on structural phenomena are different types of structures, how they may or may not restrict the agency of individuals in particular ways, and how these restrictions support sustainable consumption patterns at the societal level. To move beyond the current state of research, this article systematizes political, economic, technological, and societal structural factors the literature identifies as impactful regarding the sustainability of consumption and lifestyles compatible with the targets of the Paris Agreement.MethodsWe draw on a systematic review of existing research and use empirical observations to develop conceptual terms that revisit the structure-agency dilemma and offer ways going forward about (un)sustainable consumption.ResultsWe do so based on the material or ideational, as well as shallow or deep nature of these factors. Thereby, the article throws light on the deep and opaque material and ideational structural factors lying underneath and shaping the sustainability impact of the more visible, shallow structural factors typically considered in public debates about sustainability governance.DiscussionThe article, thus, highlights the need to consider and address these deep structural factors for any effective pursuit of transformation.
The evolution of a spot–spot-type solar active region which produced a major solar eruption
Authors: Liu Lijuan 
Published: March 2023

Solar active regions are the main sources of large solar flares and coronal mass ejections. It is found that the active regions producing large eruptions usually show compact, highly sheared polarity inversion lines. A scenario named “collisional shearing” is proposed to explain the formation of this type of polarity inversion lines and the subsequent eruptions, which stresses the role of collision and shearing induced by relative motions of different bipoles in their emergence. However, in observations, if not considering the evolution stage of the active regions, about one-third of the active regions that produce large solar eruptions govern a spot–spot-type configuration. In this work, we studied the full evolution of an emerging AR, which showed a spot–spot-type configuration when producing a major eruption, to explore the possible evolution gap between the “collisional shearing” process in flux emergence and the formation of the spot–spot-type, eruption-producing AR. We tracked the AR from the very beginning of its emergence until it produced the first major eruption. It was found that the AR was formed through three bipoles emerging sequentially. The bipoles were arranged in parallel on the photosphere, shown as two clusters of sunspots with opposite-sign polarities, so that the AR exhibited an overall large bipole configuration. In the fast emergence phase of the AR, the shearing gradually occurred due to the proper motions of the polarities, but no significant collision occurred due to the parallel arrangement of the bipoles nor did the large eruption occur. After the fast emergence phase, one large positive polarity started to show signs of decay. Its dispersion led to the collision to a negative polarity which belonged to another bipole. A huge hot channel spanning the entire AR was formed through precursor flarings around the collision region. The hot channel erupted later, accompanied by an M7.3-class flare. The results suggest that in the spot–spot-type AR, along with the shearing induced by the proper motions of the polarities, a decay process may lead to the collision of the polarities, driving the subsequent eruptions.
Effects of hypersplenism on the outcome of hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B virus related portal hypertension
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Dong , Dong Rui , Yang Tao , Huang Bo , Cao Yanlong , Lu Jianguo , Yin Jikai 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAlthough hepatectomy plus splenectomy is not regularly recommended for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal hypertension related hypersplenism due to the high risk accompanied with surgical procedures for now. Many researchers still believe that hypersplenism is a controversial adverse prognostic factor for HCC patients. Thus, the primary objective of the study was to determine the effects of hypersplenism on the prognosis of these patients during and after hepatectomy.MethodsA total of 335 patients with HBV-related HCC who underwent surgical resection as primary intervention were included in this study and categorized into three groups. Group A consisted of 226 patients without hypersplenism, Group B included 77 patients with mild hypersplenism, and Group C contained 32 patients with severe hypersplenism. The influence of hypersplenism on the outcome during the perioperative and long-term follow-up periods was analyzed. The independent factors were identified using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe presence of hypersplenism is associated with longer hospital stays, more postoperative blood transfusions, and higher complication rates. The overall survival (OS, P = 0.020) and disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.005) were significantly decreased in Group B compared to those in Group A. Additionally, the OS (P = 0.014) and DFS (P = 0.005) were reduced in Group C compared to those in Group B. Severe hypersplenism was a significant independent prognostic variable for both OS and DFS.ConclusionSevere hypersplenism prolonged the hospital stay, increased the rate of postoperative blood transfusion, and elevated the incidence of complications. Furthermore, hypersplenism predicted lower overall and disease-free survivals.
Recurrent renal secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by supernumerary mediastinal parathyroid gland and parathyromatosis: A case report
Authors: Li Longfei , He Chenchen , Cheng Guangming , Cao Junying , Wang Chunhui , Tang Yufu , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSurgical parathyroidectomy (PTX) is necessary for patients with severe and progressive secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) refractory to medical treatment. Recurrence of SHPT after PTX is a serious clinical problem. Both supernumerary mediastinal parathyroid gland and parathyromatosis are the rare causes of recurrent renal SHPT. We report a rare case of recurrent renal SHPT due to supernumerary mediastinal parathyroid gland and parathyromatosis.Case presentationA 53-year-old man underwent total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation due to the drug-refractory SHPT 17 years ago. In the last 11 months, the patient experienced symptoms including bone pain and skin itch, and the serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level elevated to 1,587 pg/ml. Ultrasound detected two hypoechoic lesions located at the dorsal area of right lobe of the thyroid gland, and both lesions presented as characteristics of hyperparathyroidism in contrast-enhanced ultrasound. 99mTc-MIBI/SPECT detected a nodule in the mediastinum. A reoperation involved a cervicotomy for excising parathyromatosis lesions and the surrounding tissue and a thoracoscopic surgery for resecting a mediastinal parathyroid gland. According to a histological examination, two lesions behind the right thyroid lobe and one lesion in the central region had been defined as parathyromatosis. A nodule in the mediastinum was consistent with hyperplastic parathyroid. The patient remained well for 10 months with alleviated symptoms and stabilized iPTH levels in the range of 123–201 pg/ml.ConclusionAlthough rare, recurrent SHPT may be caused by a coexistence of both supernumerary parathyroid glands and parathyromatosis, which should receive more attention. The combination of imaging modalities is important for reoperative locations of parathyroid lesions. To successfully treat parathyromatosis, all the lesions and the surrounding tissue must be excised. Thoracoscopic surgery is a reliable and safe approach for the resection of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid glands.
Optimization of Melanin Production by Streptomyces antibioticus NRRL B-1701 Using Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis Residues Hydrolysates as Low-Cost L-tyrosine Supplement
Authors: Kraseasintra Oranit , Sensupa Sritip , Mahanil Kanjana , Yoosathaporn Sada , Pekkoh Jeeraporn , Srinuanpan Sirasit , Pathom-aree Wasu , Pumas Chayakorn 
Published: March 2023

Melanin is a functional pigment that is used in various products. It can be produced by Streptomyces antibioticus NRRL B-1701 when supplemented with L-tyrosine. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis is a cyanobacterium with high protein content, including the protein phycocyanin (PC). During PC’s extraction, biomass residues are generated, and these residues still contain various amino acids, especially L-tyrosine, which can be used as a low-cost supplement for melanin production. Thus, this study employed a hydrolysate of A. platensis biomass residue for L-tyrosine substitution. The effects of two drying methods, namely, lyophilization and dying via a hot air oven, on the proximate composition and content of L-tyrosine in the biomass residue were evaluated. The highest L-tyrosine (0.268 g L-tyrosine/100 g dried biomass) concentration was obtained from a hot-air-oven-dried biomass residue hydrolysate (HAO-DBRH). The HAO-DBRH was then used as a low-cost L-tyrosine supplement for maximizing melanin production, which was optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) through central composite design (CCD). Using the RSM–CCD, the maximum level of melanin production achieved was 0.24 g/L, which is approximately four times higher than it was before optimization. This result suggests that A. platensis residue hydrolysate could be an economically feasible and low-cost alternative source of L-tyrosine for the production of melanin.
Performance Analysis of LDPC-Coded OFDM in Underwater Wireless Optical Communications
Authors: Guo Jianzhong , Xiao Jinpeng , Chen Jing , Shan Xin , Kong Dejin , Wu Yan , Ai Yong 
Published: March 2023

The performance of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC)-coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is investigated over turbulence channels in underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC). The relation between the bit error ratio (BER) and parameters such as the scintillation coefficient, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), length of LDPC code, and order of OFDM is quantified by simulation. Results show that while the OFDM with subcarrier quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM-OFDM) has slightly better anti-turbulence performance than the OFDM with subcarrier phase shift keying modulation (PSK-OFDM), the LDPC-coded QAM-OFDM has a much better performance than the QAM-OFDM and the LDPC-coded PSK-OFDM, and, at SNR = 12, it decreases the BER by four orders of magnitude compared to the 16QAM-OFDM system when the scintillation coefficient σξ2 = 0.05.
On the Issue of Bulgarian Public Holidays
Authors: Nedeleva Petya 
Published: March 2023

The festive calendar is a reflection of the understandings, values and history of a people and country, a sign to the next generations about the difficulties and victories of the past, an example of what they should value, what they should not forget and what they should learn from. Until the establishment of the Third Bulgarian State, the holiday calendar of the Bulgarian society consisted primarily of religious and traditional holidays, which were preserved as a main component of the holiday calendar even after the Liberation. To them are added holidays related to the monarchical institution, as well as important historical events for the Bulgarian people. Generally, public holidays are the designated important dates and non-working days in our annual national calendar, and the national holiday should be the most important day among them. Such an occasion is undoubtedly the adoption of the first democratic Bulgarian Constitution on April 16, 1879, which should not just be a day in Bulgarian history, but a national holiday of the Bulgarian state. If we respect the Bulgarian institutions, statehood and independence, we must give due importance and respect to this date.
Clinician-led secondary triage in England’s urgent care delivery: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sexton Vanashree , Atherton Helen , Dale Jeremy , Abel Gary 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundClinician-led secondary triage, following primary triage by the NHS 111 phone line, is central to England’s urgent care system. However, little is known about how secondary triage influences the urgency attributed to patients’ needs.AimTo describe patterns of secondary triage outcomes and call-related factors (such as call length and time of call) associated with upgrading/downgrading of primary triage outcomes.Design and settingCross-sectional analysis of secondary triage call records from four urgent care providers in England using the same digital triage system to support clinicians’ decision making.MethodStatistical analyses (mixed-effects regression) of approximately 200 000 secondary triage call records were undertaken.ResultsFollowing secondary triage, 12% of calls were upgraded (including 2% becoming classified as emergencies) from the primary triage urgency. The highest odds of upgrade related to chest pain (odds ratio [OR] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.34 to 3.07) and breathlessness (OR 1.62, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.85; reference: abdominal pain) presentations. However, 74% of calls were downgraded; notably, 92% (n= 33 394) of calls classified at primary triage as needing clinical attention within 1 h were downgraded. Secondary triage outcomes were associated with operational factors (day/time of call), and most substantially with the clinician conducting triage.ConclusionNon-clinician primary triage has significant limitations, highlighting the importance of secondary triage in the English urgent care system. It may miss key symptoms that are subsequently triaged as requiring immediate care, while also being too risk averse for most calls leading to downgrading of urgency. There is unexplained inconsistency between clinicians, despite all using the same digital triage system. Further research is needed to improve the consistency and safety of urgent care triage.
Bisphosphonates in Treatment of Calcium Metabolism Disorders in Children: Over 40 Years of Experience (A Lecture)
Authors: Юрьева Э.А. , Длин В.В. , Кушнарева М.В. , Боченков С.В. , Воздвиженская Е.С. 
Published: March 2023

Лекция содержит анализ результатов использования бисфосфонатов (БФ) в лечении нарушений обмена кальция в костях и мягких тканях у детей и взрослых. БФ – целый класс (более 10) синтетических аналогов естественных регуляторов обмена кальция в организме – неорганических пирофосфатов. За 40 лет клинического использования БФ определены показания к их применению (резорбция кости, риск переломов, наследственные остеопатии у детей и взрослых). Установлены основные механизмы действия БФ (ингибиторы ферментов, повышающих активность остеокластов). Определены фармакологические свойства БФ, различия в степени активности отдельных препаратов (от 1 до 10 000 единиц), выявлены их противовоспалительные свойства. Определены дозы, способы введения БФ и схемы лечения, а также условия, при которых повышается риск побочных эффектов. Продолжается поиск новых видов БФ для лечения некостных заболеваний.
The lecture contains an analysis of outcomes of bisphosphonates (BP) use in treatment of calcium metabolism disorders in bones and soft tissues in children and adults. BP is a whole class (more than 10) of synthetic analogues of natural regulators of calcium metabolism in the body - inorganic pyrophosphates. Over 40 years of clinical use of BP, indications for their use (bone resorption, fractures risk, hereditary osteopathies in children and adults) were determined. The main mechanisms of BP action were established (inhibitors of enzymes that increase the activity of osteoclasts). Pharmacological properties of BP, differences in the activity of individual drugs (from 1 to 10,000 units) were defined, and their anti-inflammatory properties were revealed. Doses, methods of BP administration and treatment regimens were determined, as well as conditions increasing adverse effects risk. Further investigations of new types of BP for non-bone diseases treatment are underway.
Estudo de usabilidade do Repositório Institucional da UFMG em dispositivos móveis
Authors: Drumond Karine Coutinho , Dias Célia da Consolação 
Published: March 2023

Muitos estudos tratam da usabilidade de bibliotecas e repositórios digitais, mas ainda são poucos os que abordam o acesso móvel ou que consideram a interação e experiência do usuário em múltiplos dispositivos. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é avaliar os aspectos da usabilidade e da experiência dos usuários do Repositório Institucional da UFMG, considerando o uso em dois dispositivos: o computador e o smartphone. A pesquisa se caracteriza por ser do tipo estudo de caso, de natureza aplicada e com abordagem qualitativa em relação à análise do problema. O ambiente de realização deste estudo é o Repositório Institucional da UFMG. O projeto contempla três procedimentos metodológicos: (1) revisão sistemática de literatura; (2) inspeção de interfaces do Repositório Institucional da UFMG; (3) e estudo empírico com usuários. A fundamentação conceitual teórica aborda as bibliotecas e repositórios digitais, a usabilidade, o design e a interação humano-computador, o comportamento de busca por informação em meios digitais e o uso de dispositivos móveis. Os resultados alcançados contemplam a identificação dos principais problemas de usabilidade do Repositório da UFMG, bem como a proposição de recomendações de melhorias e identificação de oportunidades futuras.
Język podręczników do matematyki w klasie pierwszej jako kontekst budowania mentalnych ścieżek edukacyjnych uczniów i ich nauczycieli
Authors: Kalinowska-Iżykowska Alina 
Published: March 2023

Podręcznik jest elementem kultury dydaktycznej oraz matematycznej. Język podręcznika jest nośnikiem określonych znaczeń tworzonych przez jego użytkowników. Istotne dla uczniów klasy pierwszej oraz ich nauczycieli jest wskazanie poznawczych ścieżek konstruowanych w przez określony język proponowanych podręczników. Podjęte w tekście ich analizy pozwoliły wskazać pewne znaczące kategorie języka poleceń i pytań zawartych w podręcznikowych zadaniach matematycznych. Są one kontekstem poznawczym dla tworzenia przez uczniów klasy pierwszej i ich nauczycieli matematycznych znaczeń kulturowych definiujących, czym jest edukacja matematyczna, co to znaczy rozumieć czym jest uczenie się matematyki czy też kim ja jestem na lekcjach matematyki. Wyniki pokazały niepokojący potencjał ograniczania rozwoju wiedzy matematycznej. Język analizowanych podręczników ujawnia możliwość szkodliwych oddziaływań przez tworzenie przekonań niezgodnych z aktualną wiedzą naukową o poznawaniu matematyki w klasach początkowych.
Influence of surface modification by organic molecules on optical properties of Eu3+-doped ZnO nanocrystals
Authors: Matsui Yutaka , Kazama Teppei , Yamashita Atsushi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have fabricated Eu3+-doped ZnO (ZnO:Eu) nanocrystals (NCs) surface-modified with organic molecules such as dodecylamine (DDA) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and have studied their optical properties. In the ZnO:Eu NCs without surface modification, strong broad photoluminescence (PL) band due to surface defects is observed, so the Eu3+ PL peaks are not observed because they are covered by the strong surface-defect PL band. In the DDA-capped ZnO:Eu NCs, the Eu3+ PL and the exciton PL are observed because of suppression of the surface-defect PL caused by the inactivation of the surface defects. Contrary to expectations, the surface modification with TOPO suppressed not only the surface-defect PL but also the exciton PL. As a result, the ZnO:Eu NCs with red PL due to the Eu3+ ions have been successfully prepared. We discuss the influence of surface modification by DDA and TOPO on optical properties.
Highly efficient color-control technique for building-integrated photovoltaics using optical dielectric thin film
Authors: Adachi Leo , Hanashi Genki , Kubota Sou , Xu Zhihao , Sai Hitoshi , Kondo Michio , Wada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A color-control technique based on optical thin films on glass is investigated by means of numerical simulation and experiment, with a particular focus on building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications. We show that white-colored BIPV modules can be realized with a minimum optical loss by applying optical thin films that have multiple reflection peaks in a complementary color relationship, like the emission spectrum of white LEDs. The angular dependence of hue, which is an inherent drawback of optical thin film systems, is suppressed by modifying the design of the film to maintain the complementary color relationship of multiple reflection peaks. The simulated thin film design is confirmed by an experiment with a silicon solar cell, resulting in a white color and a low short-circuit current density loss (ΔJ
SC) of 5.9%. These results indicate that our approach is a promising way to realize fascinating colors and a high energy yield simultaneously in BIPV modules.