bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness-based interventions and cognitive function in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Flynn Michelle J. , Abolhosseini Shokouh , Gamboa Jessame , Campbell Tavis S. , Carlson Linda E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Deterioration in cognitive function is common among cancer survivors undergoing treatment. These problems may persist for several years after completion of treatment and can adversely affect cancer survivors' treatment adherence and quality of life. The cause of cognitive changes in cancer survivors is unclear, although it is likely a complex interaction of disease-related, treatment-related, and psychological factors. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are one promising intervention for cancer survivors to alleviate unwanted and burdensome side effects, including disruptions in cognitive function. The aim of the current review was to synthesize the literature on MBIs and cognitive function in cancer survivors.

Methods:
We searched five databases from inception on May 27, 2021 (original search), and May 4, 2022 (updated search): PubMed, MEDLINE Ovid, EMBASE Ovid, PsycInfo Ovid, CINAHL EBSCO, and Web of Science. Articles were screened at the abstract and full-text level by two reviewers.

Results:
A total of 1916 records were retrieved, and 24 unique studies met the inclusion criteria. There was significant variability across studies regarding type of MBIs investigated, types of cognitive outcome measures used, and study assessment timelines. Eleven studies were included in a meta-analysis of self-reported cognitive function, significantly favoring MBIs over inactive controls (ie, usual care) (standardized mean difference = 0.86; 95% confidence interval = 0.32–1.41). A similar model, including four studies, compared MBIs with active controls (ie, music listening, metacognition treatment, fatigue education and support, walking program); this model also demonstrated a statistically significant pooled effect (standardized mean difference = 0.61; 95% confidence interval = 0.23–0.99). Owing to a small number of studies, meta-analysis could not be completed for objectively assessed cognitive function; a narrative summary for this outcome revealed mixed results.

Conclusions:
MBIs demonstrated evidence for improving cognitive function among cancer survivors and particularly self-reported cognitive function. However, most studies demonstrated a high risk of bias and significant concerns regarding study quality. Further research is needed to determine the effects of MBIs on both self-reported and objectively assessed cognitive function for cancer survivors, as well as optimal intervention structure and timing.
Brief Report: Challenges in Obtaining the Informed Perspectives of Stakeholders Regarding HIV Molecular Epidemiology
Authors: Bollinger Juli M. , Geller Gail , May Elizabeth , Brewer Janesse , Henry Leslie Meltzer , Sugarman Jeremy 
Published: February 2023

Background:
HIV molecular epidemiology (HIV-ME) is now being used in a variety of ways, including molecular HIV surveillance to help identify and respond to emerging HIV transmission clusters as specified in the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. initiative. However, HIV-ME in general, and its use for cluster detection and response, in particular, raises significant ethical and social concerns, which have spurred vigorous debates. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of information regarding how these potential benefits and concerns are perceived among people living with HIV and people without HIV at an increased risk.

Setting:
Virtual engagement with US participants.

Methods:
We rigorously developed a brief informational video about HIV-ME and conducted a series of in-depth interviews with people living with HIV and people without HIV at an increased risk.

Results:
Through extensive stakeholder engagement during the video development process and subsequent in-depth interviews (N = 24), several preliminary findings surfaced. In contrast to the high level of concern raised by some critics of HIV-ME, our data appear to show broad support for it. In addition, we observed conflation of perspectives about HIV-ME with concerns about HIV public health surveillance more generally.

Conclusion:
Our experiences reveal substantial communication challenges related to the nature of HIV-ME that need to be overcome to ensure that it is properly understood, which is necessary for meaningfully engaging stakeholders in discussions about its use. Moreover, ongoing, responsive, engagement efforts are critical. Additional systematic data are needed to help inform policy making and practice regarding HIV-ME.
National Trends in Orthognathic Surgery: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of 6640 Patients
Authors: Kalmar Christopher L. , Chaker Sara , Pontell Matthew E. , O’Sick Nicholas R. , Golinko Michael S. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
LeFort I osteotomy (LF1) and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) have unique operative challenges and inherent anatomic considerations that predispose to certain adverse outcomes, yet their respective complication profiles continue to be debated given conflicting results from single-center investigations. The purpose of this study is to perform a multi-institutional analysis of complications, socioeconomic trends, and financial charges associated with orthognathic surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted of orthognathic procedures performed in the United States from 2010 through 2020 using the Pediatric Health Information System. Patients younger than 12 years of age were excluded. Medical complications, surgical complications, and admission costs were compared across procedures. Socioeconomic determinants and trends across regions of the country were also analyzed.

Results:
During the study interval, 6640 patients underwent orthognathic surgery, including LF1 (59.2%, n=3928), BSSO (14.4%, n=959), and double-jaw surgery (26.4%, n=1753). Patients undergoing LF1 were more likely to experience overall complications (P<0.001), infections (P<0.001), and blood transfusions (P<0.001) than those undergoing BSSO. High-volume hospitals were more likely to perform double-jaw procedures than other hospitals (P<0.001), yet high-volume hospitals were less likely to have surgical complications (P=0.014). Patient admission charges related to orthognathic operations at high-volume hospitals were less than other hospitals (P<0.001). Household income was higher for orthognathic procedures performed at high-volume hospitals (P<0.001). White patients were 1.5 times more likely to choose a farther, higher volume hospital for orthognathic surgery than the one locally available (P=0.041).

Conclusions:
LeFort I osteotomy procedures had higher infection and transfusion rates than BSSO procedures. High-volume hospitals were more likely to perform double-jaw procedures, yet high-volume hospitals had fewer complications and decreased admission charges. Future study will be needed to further elucidate case-mix index details and socioeconomic determinants of health contributing to these disparities.
A Proposed Clinical Coagulation Score for Research in Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy
Authors: Eitel Andrew P. , Moore Ernest E. , Sauaia Angela , Kelher Marguerite R , Vigneshwar Navin G. , Bartley Matthew G. , Handley Jamie B. , Burlew Clay C. , Campion Eric M. , Fox Charles J. , Lawless Ryan A. , Pieracci Frederic M. , Platnick Kenneth B. , Moore Hunter B. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Silliman Christopher C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) has been the subject of intense study for greater than a century and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The Trans-Agency Consortium for Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TACTIC), funded by the National Health Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, was tasked with developing a clinical TIC score, distinguishing between injury-induced bleeding from persistent bleeding due to TIC. We hypothesized that the TACTIC clinical TIC score would correlate with laboratory measures of coagulation, transfusion requirements, and mortality.

Methods
Trauma activation patients requiring a surgical procedure for hemostasis were scored in the operating room (OR) and in the first ICU day by the attending trauma surgeon. Conventional and viscoelastic (thrombelastography, TEG) coagulation assays, transfusion requirements, and mortality were correlated to the coagulation scores using the Cochran-Armitage trend test or linear regression for numerical variables.

Results
Increased OR TIC scores were significantly associated with abnormal conventional and viscoelastic measurements, including hyperfibrinolysis incidence, as well as with higher mortality and more frequent requirement for massive transfusion (p < 0.0001 for all trends). Patients with OR TIC score greater than 3, were over 31 times more likely to have an ICU TIC score greater than 3 (Relative risk: 31.6; 95% Confidence interval: 12.7-78.3; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
A clinically defined TIC score obtained in the OR reflected the requirement for massive transfusion and mortality in severely injured trauma patients, and also correlated with abnormal coagulation assays. The OR TIC score should be validated in multicenter studies.

Level of Evidence
Prognostic and Epidemiological Level II
Hospital variability in adoption of alcohol and drug screening in adult trauma patients
Authors: Silver Casey M. , Visenio Michael R. , Thomas Arielle C. , Reddy Susheel , Raven Maria C. , Kanzaria Hemal K. , Plevin Rebecca E. , Stey Anne M. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND
Despite recommendations to screen all injured patients for substance use, single-center studies have reported underscreening. This study sought to determine if there was significant practice variability in adoption of alcohol and drug screening of injured patients among hospitals participating in the Trauma Quality Improvement Program.

METHODS
This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study of trauma patients 18 years or older in Trauma Quality Improvement Program 2017–2018. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression modeled the odds of screening for alcohol and drugs via blood/urine test while controlling for patient and hospital variables. We identified statistically significant high and low-screening hospitals based on hospitals' estimated random intercepts and associated confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS
Of 1,282,111 patients at 744 hospitals, 619,423 (48.3%) were screened for alcohol, and 388,732 (30.3%) were screened for drugs. Hospital-level alcohol screening rates ranged from 0.8% to 99.7%, with a mean rate of 42.4% (SD, 25.1%). Hospital-level drug screening rates ranged from 0.2% to 99.9% (mean, 27.1%; SD, 20.2%). A total of 37.1% (95% CI, 34.7–39.6%) of variance in alcohol screening and 31.5% (95% CI, 29.2–33.9%) of variance in drug screening were at the hospital level. Level I/II trauma centers had higher adjusted odds of alcohol screening (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22–1.41) and drug screening (aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08–1.25) than Level III and nontrauma centers. We found 297 low-screening and 307 high-screening hospitals in alcohol after adjusting for patient and hospital variables. There were 298 low-screening and 298 high-screening hospitals for drugs.

CONCLUSION
Overall rates of recommended alcohol and drug screening of injured patients were low and varied significantly between hospitals. These results underscore an important opportunity to improve the care of injured patients and reduce rates of substance use and trauma recidivism.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
National trends and clinical outcomes of interventional approaches following admission for infected necrotizing pancreatitis in the United States
Authors: Tran Zachary , Xu Jane , Verma Arjun , Ebrahimian Shayan , Cho Nam Yong , Benharash Peyman , Burruss Sigrid 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND
With recent studies demonstrating the efficacy of minimally invasive approaches following infected necrotizing pancreatitis, latest guideline recommendations support their use. However, large-scale studies are lacking, and the national landscape following these guidelines remains poorly characterized. The present study examined trends in intervention strategies and the association of approach on clinical outcomes and resource use in a nationally representative cohort.

METHODS
The 2016–2019 National Inpatient Sample was queried for adult hospitalizations for pancreatitis with infected necrosis. Patients were classified as drain only (DO) if they received only percutaneous or endoscopic drainage, minimally invasive (MIS) if they underwent endoscopic or laparoscopic debridement, and Open if they underwent open debridement. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, while secondary outcomes included perioperative complications, home discharge, and resource use. Multivariable regression models were developed to evaluate the association of intervention with clinical and financial endpoints.

RESULTS
Of 4,605 patients who received interventions, 1,735 (37.6%) were DO, 1,490 (32.4%) were MIS, and 1,380 (30.0%) were considered Open. The proportion of DO and MIS increased, while Open declined (2016, 47.0%; 2019, 24.6%; p < 0.001). Compared with Open, MIS had lower rates of abdominal compartment syndrome while having greater rates of preoperative closed drainage (31.9% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001). After adjustment, odds of in-hospital mortality, respiratory failure, prolonged ventilation, and acute kidney injury were significantly higher in the Open cohort compared with MIS. Hospitalization duration was longer (β, +12.1 days; 95% confidence interval, 6.8–17.5), and costs were higher (β, +$58.7K; 95% confidence interval, 33.5–83.9) in Open compared with MIS.

CONCLUSION
Minimally invasive approaches for infected pancreatic necrosis have increased over time, while open necrosectomy has declined. Open approaches compared with drainage only or minimally invasive debridement were associated with greater odds of numerous in-hospital complications and resource burden.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Reduced Community-acquired Respiratory Virus Infection, but Not Non–virus Infection, in Lung Transplant Recipients During Government-mandated Public Health Measures to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission
Authors: Keller Brian C. , Ma Jianing , Peng Jing , Ramsammy Verai 
Published: February 2023

Background.
Community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. Despite routine mask-wearing, LTx patients remain at a higher risk of CARV infection than the general population. In 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 and a novel CARV, emerged leading federal and state officials to implement public health nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to curb its spread. We hypothesized that NPI would be associated with the reduced spread of traditional CARVs.

Methods.
A single-center, retrospective cohort analysis comparing CARV infection before a statewide stay-at-home order, during the stay-at-home order and subsequent statewide mask mandate, and during 5 mo following the elimination of NPI was performed. All LTx recipients followed by and tested at our center were included. Data (multiplex respiratory viral panels; SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; blood cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus polymerase chain reaction; blood and bronchoalveolar lavage bacterial and fungal cultures) were collected from the medical record. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were utilized for categorical variables. A mixed-effect model was used for continuous variables.

Results.
Incidence of non-COVID CARV infection was significantly lower during the MASK period than during the PRE period. No difference was noted in airway or bloodstream bacterial or fungal infections, but cytomegalovirus bloodborne viral infections increased.

Conclusions.
Reductions in respiratory viral infections, but not bloodborne viral infections nor nonviral respiratory, bloodborne, or urinary infections, were observed in the setting of public health COVID-19 mitigation strategies, suggesting the effectiveness of NPI in preventing general respiratory virus transmission.
Urinary Incontinence in Turkish Women
Authors: Yilmaz Sema Dereli , Erkal Aksoy Yasemin 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:
The study was performed to determine how urinary incontinence (UI) affects women's daily lives and sexual health and how UI is perceived.

DESIGN:
Qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was used.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The study was conducted in a family health center in Konya, Turkey, with official permission of the ministry of health. Study participants comprised 101 women with UI, but data from 12 women were excluded because they refused to respond to questions; therefore, data analysis is based on responses from 89 respondents.

METHODS:
Data were compiled via in-depth interviews using a semistructured questionnaire. Data collection and analysis processes were carried out simultaneously. Study data were examined using phenomenological content and thematic analyses. Document portraits and a code map of data were created using qualitative data analysis software.

RESULTS:
Participants' mean age was 46.25 (SD: 11.68) years. Thirty-three codes were identified to detect the effects of UI on women's daily lives. These codes were reviewed and combined into 5 main themes: religious issues, sexual problems, feeling restricted, psychological exposure, and internalization.

CONCLUSIONS:
Urinary incontinence causes women to experience environmental, psychological, and religious challenges during daily life. Healthcare professionals should give counsel and assistance by determining the issues for women with UI to promote coping with problems and offer referral for specialist care when necessary.
Sleep Problems in Individuals With Intestinal Stomas and Determining the Quality of Sleep
Authors: Avci Işik Sevcan , Balanuye Berrak , Budak Ertürk Elif , Karahan Azize , Üstündağ Çiğdem , Uğurlu Ziyafet , Ören Hin Aysel , Aydin Durucan , Göçmen Baykara Zehra , Acarlar Hülya , Akar Emine , Köşker Yasemin , Koç Mehmet Ali 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to determine sleep problems and the sleep quality of individuals with intestinal stomas.

DESIGN:
Descriptive quantitative design was used.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The research was carried out from September 2018 to September 2019 at 3 university hospitals with stoma units located in Ankara, Turkey. The study sample comprised 222 individuals with intestinal ostomies who were being monitored in these 3 centers. Approximately half (N = 113, 50.9%) had an ileostomy and 68.5% (N = 152) had a temporary stoma. More than half of the participants (N = 116, 52.3%) reported current sleep problems, 59.5% (N = 132) reported that their stoma affected their sleep, and 64% (N = 142) had problems at night due to their stomas, reporting that they woke up frequently during their main sleep period due to ostomy-related problems.

METHODS:
Three instruments were used to measure study outcomes: the researcher-designed instrument determining the descriptive characteristics of individuals with intestinal stomas, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

RESULTS:
The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was found to be above 5 (13.42, SD: 3.01) indicating poor sleep quality. The mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 7.54 (SD: 6.37) indicating that participants had daytime sleepiness. The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores of participants with ileostomies (P = .002) and those with temporary stomas (P = .009) were found to be significantly higher.

CONCLUSIONS:
Study findings indicate that individuals with intestinal stomas have poor sleep quality and problems with daytime sleepiness; those with ileostomies and temporary stomas had the worst quality of sleep.
Emergence of Unusual Microorganisms in Microflora of Pilonidal Sinuses
Authors: Banerjee Tuhina , Singh Aradhana , Anurag  , Pal Sourav , Basu Somprakas 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:
Recent reports have noted an emergence of unusual organisms in microflora of pilonidal sinus (PNS); this study was undertaken to identify the primary microbial flora associated with infected primary PNS over a period of 1 year.

DESIGN:
A prospective multiple case series.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
A case series of 20 patients with primary PNS in a tertiary care center in Varanasi, India, was studied. The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology and General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, over a period of 1 year (September 2016 to July 2017).

METHODS:
Purulent exudate (pus) samples were collected from 20 patients with primary PNS from the discharging sinuses by aseptic methods. Samples were assessed for aerobic and anaerobic flora by conventional culture and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for bacterial isolates. Bacterial diversity was compared with the demographic and clinical profile of the sinuses by multiple correspondence analysis.

RESULTS:
Of the total cases, 11 (55%) had purulent discharge, among which all showed polymicrobial flora. The ratio of aerobic to anaerobic organisms was 1:2 (16/32). Escherichia coli (E. coli, 4, 36.36%) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis, 4, 36.36%) were commonly isolated. Bifidobacterium was the most frequent anaerobe. Detailed molecular analysis revealed the presence of Kocuria flava as an unusual pathogen. On statistical analysis, factors like male gender, increased body mass index, absence of hair in sinus, presence of features of hirsutism, and absence of Fusobacteria were closely associated with one another in these PNS cases.

CONCLUSIONS:
The case series revealed the predominance of anaerobes in primarily infected PNS cases. Bifidobacterium spp and unusual pathogens like K. flava were among the emerging pathogens in infected PNS. Use of better molecular diagnostic facilities in addition to the conventional methods might enhance the verified diversity of microorganisms in such cases.
Inferring social influence in animal groups across multiple timescales
Authors: Sridhar Vivek H. , Davidson Jacob D. , Twomey Colin R. , Sosna Matthew M. G. , Nagy Máté , Couzin Iain D. 
Published: February 2023

Many animal behaviours exhibit complex temporal dynamics, suggesting there are multiple timescales at which they should be studied. However, researchers often focus on behaviours that occur over relatively restricted temporal scales, typically ones that are more accessible to human observation. The situation becomes even more complex when considering multiple animals interacting, where behavioural coupling can introduce new timescales of importance. Here, we present a technique to study the time-varying nature of social influence in mobile animal groups across multiple temporal scales. As case studies, we analyse golden shiner fish and homing pigeons, which move in different media. By analysing pairwise interactions among individuals, we show that predictive power of the factors affecting social influence depends on the timescale of analysis. Over short timescales the relative position of a neighbour best predicts its influence and the distribution of influence across group members is relatively linear, with a small slope. At longer timescales, however, both relative position and kinematics are found to predict influence, and nonlinearity in the influence distribution increases, with a small number of individuals being disproportionately influential. Our results demonstrate that different interpretations of social influence arise from analysing behaviour at different timescales, highlighting the importance of considering its multiscale nature.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Collective behaviour through time’.