bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated detection of focal seizures using subcutaneously implanted electrocardiographic device: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Jeppesen Jesper , Christensen Jakob , Mølgaard Henning , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhase 2 studies showed that focal seizures could be detected by algorithms using heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with marked autonomic ictal changes. However, wearable surface electrocardiographic (ECG) devices use electrode patches that need to be changed often and may cause skin irritation. We report the first study of automated seizure detection using a subcutaneously implantable cardiac monitor (ICM; Confirm Rx, Abbott). For this proof‐of‐concept (phase 1) study, we recruited six patients admitted to long‐term video‐electroencephalographic monitoring. Fifteen‐minute epochs of ECG signals were saved for each seizure and for control (nonseizure) epochs in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) and in the patients' home environment (1–8 months). We analyzed the ICM signals offline, using a previously developed HRV algorithm. Thirteen seizures were recorded in the EMU, and 41 seizures were recorded in the home‐monitoring period. The algorithm accurately identified 50 of 54 focal seizures (sensitivity = 92.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 85.6%–99.6%). Twelve of the 13 seizures in the EMU were detected (sensitivity = 92.3%, 95% CI = 77.2%–100%), and 38 of the 41 seizures in the out‐of‐hospital setting were detected (sensitivity = 92.7%, 95% CI = 84.7%–100%). Four false detections were found in the 141 control (nonseizure) epochs (false alarm rate = 2.7/24 h). Our results suggest that automated seizure detection using a long‐term, subcutaneous ICM device is feasible and accurate in patients with focal seizures and autonomic ictal changes.
Backsourcing in the private and public sectors—A systematic review
Authors: Berlin Johan , Carlström Eric , Karlsson David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article provides a systematic review of the literature on backsourcing. The aim is to synthesize existing literature in order to compare and analyze similarities and differences in backsourcing in the private and public sectors. The study asks questions about: which methods and theories have been used, why backsourcing has been implemented, and what reasons have been described for backsourcing. The study is based on an analysis of 500 articles about backsourcing and 33 articles in the final data set. The results show that backsourcing is primarily caused by: increased costs, lack of quality, and contract problems in the private sector, along with loss of control, cost saving, and changed strategy in the public sector. The study's synthesis highlights three explanations for how backsourcing is managed and interpreted in both the sectors. The article contributes specifically to summarizing current research on backsourcing, synthesizing how backsourcing has been studied, illustrating gaps in the research, as well as explaining relevant differences between private and public backsourcing.
Examining actor–partner effects between social dominance, relationship power, sexism, and marital quality
Authors: Ymamgulyyeva Aysoltan , Kafescioğlu Nilüfer , Harma Mehmet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the actor–partner effects of attitudes toward group‐based inequality as measured by social dominance orientation (SDO) and marital quality, and the indirect actor–partner effects of SDO on marital quality via ambivalent sexism and partners' perceptions of their own relationship power toward their partner.BackgroundPrevious research suggests that certain social attitudes play a role in relationship processes. However, it is unclear whether broader views on social inequality could have an effect on partners' marital quality.MethodNinety heterosexual married couples in Turkey (N = 180) responded via an online survey on SDO, marital quality, relationship power, and ambivalent sexism. Actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) and actor–partner interdependence model of mediation (APIMeM) were conducted to examine the direct and indirect actor–partner effects.ResultsFor indirect effects, men's SDO was negatively associated with their marital quality through their relationship power and hostile sexism. No significant indirect effects were found for women. However, women's relationship power was positively and their benevolent sexism was negatively associated with their own and their partners' marital quality.ConclusionOur findings help develop a more comprehensive understanding of how the political, social, and personal aspects of our lives are connected with one another.ImplicationsOur study points to the importance of exploring the topic of men's and women's views toward social inequality and its effects on their close relationships in clinical practice and relational education.
Being our best: Understanding the relationship between empowerment and employee engagement among midlevel student affairs professionals
Authors: McNaughtan Jon , Garza Tiberio , Eicke Dustin , Garcia Hugo A. , Bodine Al‐Sharif Mary Ann 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of student service personnel, yet demand has outstripped this growth leading to turnover and low employee satisfaction. Scholars and practitioners alike have called for increased levels of empowerment of these workers, but the outcomes of this approach need further analysis. We utilize data from a survey of international centre directors in the United States and employ a partial least squares‐based structural equation modelling to investigate the relationship between empowerment and employ perceptions including work satisfaction, organizational commitment, perspective of leadership and personal engagement. Specifically, trust meaning and personal consequence are strong components of empowerment in this sample. Our results indicate a positive relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction, organizational commitment and perspectives on leadership. In addition, we find that organizational commitment mediates the relationship between empowerment and personal engagement.
Developing a comprehensive leadership development model in higher education context: A co‐design approach
Authors: Dinh Ngoc Bich Khuyen , Zhu Chang , Qi Zhengwen , Kondakci Yasar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigher education (HE) in the changing context requires leadership training and development as a vital element for university governance and innovation. While there are several theoretical frameworks on leadership development, most of them are outcome evaluation‐oriented. Consequently, there is a lack of a leadership development model which emphasises both design process and expected outcomes. In addition to this, HE leadership development has been gradually transformed toward complexity and flexibility due to the volatile external environment of the 21st century. Thus, instead of having a development programme that simply focuses on individual skill enhancement, a comprehensive leadership development programme that equally fosters leaders' competencies (leader development) and develops collective leadership (leadership development) is increasingly utilised. Unfortunately, previous theoretical frameworks fail to take into consideration these new features. The main aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive theoretical model for academic leadership development (ALD) that promotes both leader development and leadership development. In the present study, 24 academic leaders, lecturers and researchers from five European and six Chinese HE institutions co‐designed the ALD model. The constructed model consists of four main dimensions: theoretical core, types of training and providers, training format and ultimate goals. The results contribute to developing, promoting and enhancing leadership development in academic settings.
Comparative analysis of reciprocating and flat‐side heat‐treated rotary single‐file systems: Design, metallurgical characteristics, and mechanical performance
Authors: Martins Jorge N. R. , Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , Baruwa Abayomi O. , Pereira da Costa Rui , Braz Fernandes Francisco M. , Versiani Marco A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo compare two flat‐side single‐file rotary instruments with three single‐file reciprocating systems through a multimethod assessment.MethodologyA total of 290 new NiTi single‐file rotary (AF F One Blue 25/0.06 and Platinum V.EU 25/0.06) and reciprocating (One Files Blue R25, Reciproc Blue R25, Reciproc R25) instruments were selected, carefully examined for any major deformations, and evaluated regarding their macroscopic and microscopic design, nickel and titanium elements ratio, phase transformation temperatures, and mechanical performance (time/rotation to fracture, maximum torque, angle of rotation, microhardness, maximum bending, and buckling strengths). One‐way anova post hoc Tukey, T‐test, and nonparametric Mood's median tests were used for statistical comparisons (α = 5%).ResultsTested instruments had identical blade counts and near‐identical helical angles of approximately 24° (rotary instruments) and 151° (reciprocating instruments). The flat‐side analysis revealed a few inconsistencies, such as discontinuity segments, different orientations, and gaps in the homogeneity of the bluish colour. Microscopically, flat‐side instruments exhibited blade discontinuity and an incomplete S‐shaped cross‐section. The surface finish was smoother for One Files Blue and more irregular for both rotary instruments. There were distinct phase transformation temperatures amongst all instruments. All heat‐treated instruments were in R‐phase arrangement, and Reciproc was in R‐phase plus austenite at test temperature (20°C). Compared with the reciprocating instruments, both flat‐side instruments exhibited lower results in the cyclic fatigue tests using two different clockwise kinematics, maximum torque, angle of rotation, and maximum buckling strength (p < .05). The rotary systems also exhibited low flexibility (p < .05). AF F One Blue had the lowest microhardness, whilst Reciproc had the highest value.ConclusionThis multimethod investigation revealed that the flat‐side rotary instruments underperformed the reciprocating instruments regarding cyclic fatigue (with two different clockwise kinematics), maximum torque, angle of rotation, maximum buckling strength, and flexibility. Manufacturing inconsistencies were also observed in some of the flat‐side instruments, including discontinuity segments, different orientations, and in the homogeneity of their bluish colour given by the heat treatment.
Robbery victimization of Mexican migrants while crossing the border
Authors: Torre Cantalapiedra Eduardo , Hernández Campos Carlos Manuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe analyse the factors associated with Mexican migrants being victims of robbery or assault while crossing the US–Mexico border, based on an analytical model of the victimization of migration in transit. Drawing on Emif Norte survey, we analyse the prevalence of victimization of robbery or assault to migrants according to migrant's sociodemographic characteristics as well as the journey characteristics, and we use a logistic regression model to assess the way in which such characteristics are associated with being victim of that crime. Findings suggest that migrants who crossed through Tamaulipas and those who hired coyotes in transit or at the border have higher odds of being robbed or assaulted, in contrast, the individual sociodemographic characteristics and crossing with family/friends are not associated with being robbed or assaulted.
Aspirin deprescribing in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a prospective risk–benefit approach
Authors: Scarfo Nicholas L. , Thomas Vinod , Mayboroda Markian S. , Hewage Udul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence and practice guidelines do not recommend aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insufficient all‐cause mortality benefits juxtaposed to increased gastrointestinal bleeding rates are well established. Pharmacists are well placed to assess the clinical appropriateness of aspirin in CVD and initiate deprescribing as required with medical colleagues.AimThe aim of this study was to identify medical inpatients taking aspirin for primary prevention of CVD and initiate deprescribing utilising a risk‐benefit approach.MethodsA single‐arm prospective feasibility study of general medicine patients admitted to a major tertiary hospital over 5 weeks (July–August 2020) was conducted. Screened patients were categorised as either taking aspirin for primary or secondary prevention. A 5‐year benefit–risk analysis of bleeding and cardiovascular risk was calculated using a validated tool from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand to guide recommendations.ResultsThis study screened 277 patients, of which 71 patients were identified as taking aspirin. Ten of these patients (14%) were categorised as taking aspirin for primary prevention and thus were deemed suitable for deprescribing. The analysis showed that aspirin continuance would, on average, increase major bleeding events by 39%, whilst reducing major cardiovascular events by 13.4%. Pharmacists recommended aspirin cessation in seven of the cases identified, and deprescribing was successful in five cases.ConclusionsThis study described an impactful pharmacist‐led initiative utilising a validated aspirin‐specific tool to conduct risk–benefit analysis to reduce potential major bleeding associated with inappropriate aspirin use.
Reduced gastrointestinal‐related hospitalisation costs following rescheduling of over‐the‐counter codeine‐containing compound analgesics in Australia: results of a single hospital audit in South Australia
Authors: Mathias Ryan , Howes Bejamin , Cock Victoria , Cock Charles 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCodeine‐containing compound analgesics (CCCAs) are associated with dependence and, when taken in excess, significant risks of harm. A previous audit showed significant costs related to admissions for gastrointestinal (GI) complications of CCCA. Based on this and other evidence of harm, the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration changed CCCAs to prescription only in 2018.AimsWe aimed to identify the costs associated with codeine‐related GI complications and whether the schedule change in 2018 led to a reduced clinical and financial strain on the health care system.MethodsWe conducted an audit of GI admissions and associated costs of CCCAs at a tertiary teaching hospital in Adelaide between 2016 and 2020. Patients were grouped by 2‐year time periods before (group 1) and following (group 2) schedule change. Costs for the index presentation were multiplied for subsequent presentations. Costs and outcomes were compared for groups (standard statistics; P value < 0.05 significant.)ResultsThree hundred forty patients (group 1, n = 164; group 2, n = 119) were identified, with the majority of these admitted due to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) only. For CCCAs (NSAID‐containing), the same patients were admitted repeatedly with a reduction from 31 to eight admissions (P = 0.005), following rescheduling. The total cost of CCCA admissions was reduced from AU$ 561 691 for group 1 to AU$ 261 764 for group 2 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAustralian rescheduling of CCCAs in 2018 resulted in a reduction in hospital admissions and costs related to GI complications. The cost savings, even in a single hospital department, were substantial.
Analysis of Part 1 of the latest Austroads Guidelines, June 2022
Authors: Beran Roy G. , Devereux John A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Austroads Fitness to Drive Guidelines were updated in 2022. Most of the focus to date has been on Part 2 of the Guidelines, which provide guidance as to specific medical conditions. Less attention has been paid to Part 1 of the Guidelines, which cover a medical practitioner's ethical and legal obligations. This paper addresses the imbalance by considering and amplifying the obligations discussed in Part 1 of the Guidelines.
Identifying factors associated with terrorist attack locations by data mining and machine learning
Authors: Bridgelall Raj 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile studies typically investigate the socio‐economic factors of perpetrators to comprehend terrorism motivations, there was less emphasis placed on factors related to terrorist attack locations. Addressing this knowledge gap, this study conducts a multivariate analysis to determine attributes that are more associated with terrorist attacked locations than others. To tackle the challenge of identifying pertinent attributes, the methodology merges a Global Terrorism Database with relevant socio‐economic attributes from the literature. The workflow then trains 11 machine learning (ML) models on the combined data set. Among the 75 attributes assessed, 10 improved the predictability of targeted locations, with population and public transportation infrastructure being key factors. After optimizing hyperparameters, a multi‐layer perceptron—a type of artificial neural network—exhibited superior predictive performance, achieving an area under the curve score of 89.3%, classification accuracy of 88.1% and a harmonically balanced precision and recall score of 87.3%. In contrast, support vector machines demonstrated the poorest performance. The study also revealed that race, age, gender, marital status, income level and home values did not improve predictive performance. The ML workflow developed can aid policymakers in quantifying risks and making objective decisions regarding resource allocation to safeguard public health.
Microstructures and photovoltaic effect of KNbO3–SrCo0.5Hf0.5O3−δ ferroelectric semiconductors
Authors: Su Mingwei , Su Qi , Deng Tingcong , Gao Qingyuan , Yuan Changlai , Xiong Jian , Liu Xiao , Lei Wen , Xu Jiwen , Liu Fei , Zhou Changrong , Rao Guang Hui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolarization is one of the unique properties of ferroelectric materials; yet the polarization mechanism for enhancing ferroelectric photovoltaic performance is rarely been investigated, particularly in terms of bandgap variation. In this work, the effect of high‐field polarization on the enhanced photovoltaic performance of a ferroelectric ceramic, 0.98KNbO3–0.02SrCo0.5Hf0.5O3−δ (KNSCH2), was explored in terms of bandgap variation. The bandgap of the KNSCH2 sample shrank after polarization because of the increase in potential energy band overlap and the upward shift of the valence band due to increased oxygen‐vacancy defects. The polarization optimized the energy band structure of KNSCH2, promoting the separation and transport of photoinduced carriers and thus further enhancing its photovoltaic performance. The KNSCH2 sample shows a twofold enhancement in Jsc after 60 kV/cm polarization. The degree of the lattice distortion of KNSNH2 increased following polarization, causing a minute increase in its cell asymmetry. The reasons for the bandgap narrowing and the creation of sub‐bandgaps in the KNSCH samples were also investigated. This work opened new doors to understanding the mechanisms underlying the polarization‐enhanced photovoltaic performance of ferroelectric materials.
The photic‐aphotic divide is a strong ecological and evolutionary force determining the distribution of ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) in the ocean
Authors: Santoferrara Luciana F. , Qureshi Aleena , Sher Amina , Blanco‐Bercial Leocadio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe bulk of knowledge on marine ciliates is from shallow and/or sunlit waters. We studied ciliate diversity and distribution across epi‐ and mesopelagic oceanic waters, using DNA metabarcoding and phylogeny‐based metrics. We analyzed sequences of the 18S rRNA gene (V4 region) from 369 samples collected at 12 depths (0–1000 m) at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study site of the Sargasso Sea (North Atlantic) monthly for 3 years. The comprehensive depth and temporal resolutions analyzed led to three main findings. First, there was a gradual but significant decrease in alpha‐diversity (based on Faith's phylogenetic diversity index) from surface to 1000‐m waters. Second, multivariate analyses of beta‐diversity (based on UniFrac distances) indicate that ciliate assemblages change significantly from photic to aphotic waters, with a switch from Oligotrichea to Oligohymenophorea prevalence. Third, phylogenetic placement of sequence variants and clade‐level correlations (EPA‐ng and GAPPA algorithms) show Oligotrichea, Litostomatea, Prostomatea, and Phyllopharyngea as anti‐correlated with depth, while Oligohymenophorea (especially Apostomatia) have a direct relationship with depth. Two enigmatic environmental clades include either prevalent variants widely distributed in aphotic layers (the Oligohymenophorea OLIGO5) or subclades differentially distributed in photic versus aphotic waters (the Discotrichidae NASSO1). These results settle contradictory relationships between ciliate alpha‐diversity and depth reported before, suggest functional changes in ciliate assemblages from photic to aphotic waters (with the prevalence of algivory and mixotrophy vs. omnivory and parasitism, respectively), and indicate that contemporary taxon distributions in the vertical profile have been strongly influenced by evolutionary processes. Integration of DNA sequences with organismal data (microscopy, functional experiments) and development of databases that link these sources of information remain as major tasks to better understand ciliate diversity, ecological roles, and evolution in the ocean.
Critically feminizing family science: Using femme theory to generate novel approaches for the study of families and relationships
Authors: Hoskin Rhea Ashley , Serafini Toni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow do values, beliefs, and assumptions about femininity shape relational experiences? To answer this question, we critically feminize family science by applying femme theory to the field. Through this analysis, we present some of the ways that femmephobia (i.e., the systematic devaluation and regulation of femininity across all bodies and identities) is established in childhood and perpetuated throughout various relational contexts across the life course. Specifically, we examine how femmephobia is socialized via families, systematically normalized and perpetuated throughout childhood, and how it shapes gender‐based violence risk, perpetration, and tactics. We demonstrate how femme theory illuminates the importance of disentangling the intersectional axes of gender, sexuality, and gender expression, thereby generating novel approaches for family and relationship science and interventions that promote systemic social change. Subordinating and regulating femininity affects all individuals, making its disruption of critical importance for the prevention of gender‐based violence and the promotion of healthy families and relationships.
Monetary Policy and Net Exports Externalities in the Small Open Economy
Authors: SHIM JAE HUN 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe extend a New Keynesian small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with nontradable goods and intermediate inputs. We show that the optimal monetary policy in the small open economy is not necessarily isomorphic to the closed economy due to net exports externalities. The optimal policymaker is willing to take advantage of the externalities and to raise the real value of home production, along with stabilizing composite domestic inflation. Also, we rank alternative monetary policy rules, estimate the optimal monetary policy rule associated with welfare, and show that setting interest rates toward their target levels of composite domestic inflation and net exports is desirable.