bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant rigid polyurethane foam modified by hydrolyzed keratin
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xu Chen , Wang Zhi , Xie Hua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has been fabricated and modified by hydrolyzed keratin to improve its flame retardancy and smoke suppression. Then, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (CONE), thermogravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the modified RPUFs. It was found that the LOI of the modified RPUFs increased with the presence of hydrolyzed keratin. In addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the modified RPUF tended to decrease. The HRR of RPUF-HK5 reduced 28.8 kW/m2 compared with RPUF-0, and the THR of RPUF-HK5 was 0.74 MJ/m2 lower than that of RPUF-0. RPUF-HK5 had the most obvious smoke suppression effect. Compared with RPUF-0, the smoke density (Ds) and light transmittance (T) of RPUF-HK5 decreased by 8.88 and increased by 11.26%, respectively. The current research results showed that hydrolyzed keratin can improve the flame-retardant and smoke-suppression performances of RPUFs and that 5 wt% hydrolyzed keratin was the most suitable ratio for the modified RPUF.
Liability Rules for the Digital Age
Authors: Wagner Gerhard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With legislative proposals for two directives published in September 2022, the European Commission aims to adapt the existing liability system to the challenges posed by digitalisation. One of the proposals is related and limited to liability for artificial intelligent (AI) systems, but the other contains nothing less than a full revision of the 1985 Product Liability Directive, which lies at the heart of European tort law. Whereas the current Product Liability Directive largely followed the model of US law, the revised version breaks new ground. It does not limit itself to the expansion of the concept of product to include intangible digital goods, such as software and data as well as related services, important enough in itself, but also targets the new intermediaries of e-commerce as liable parties. As such, the proposal for a new product liability directive is a great leap forward and has the potential to grow into a worldwide benchmark in the field. In comparison, the proposal of a directive on AI liability is much harder to assess. It remains questionable whether a second directive is actually needed at this stage of the technological development.
The (Non-Existent) Legal Risks of Apologising: Courts Do Not See Apologies as a Way to Accept Civil Liability
Authors: Wijntjens Lianne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Psychological research shows that apologies can have many positive effects. However, in a legal context, the positive potential of apologies could be complicated when legal proceedings raise barriers to apologising. Ideally, legal proceedings should encourage wrongdoers to apologise rather than discourage them. There is still much debate about the legal consequences of apologising. According to popular wisdom, persons who face the prospect of being blamed for an act should avoid apologising. Offering an apology would be risky because the apology could be interpreted as an admission of liability. The question is whether this reticence is justified. For many jurisdictions, we still know little about the exact role that apologies play in judicial decision-making. This paper provides a detailed and structured overview of how apologies can play a role in judicial decision-making in a civil law legal system. A structured content analysis was conducted, in which almost 4,000 Dutch judgments were analysed. The research findings show that the role apologies can play in legal decision-making is much more complex than previously assumed in the literature. This study shows that different modalities can be distinguished. Apologies almost never appear to lead to negative legal consequences, and, in many cases, apologising actually has legal benefits for the provider of such apology. Also, the case law analysis highlights that there are ways to encourage apologising in legal proceedings.
Highly angle-sensitive and efficient optical metasurfaces with broken mirror symmetry
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Kim Myungjoon , Jung Joonkyo , Chang Taeyong , Jeon Suwan , Shin Jonghwa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Optical metasurfaces have great potential to overcome the functional limitations of conventional optical devices. In addition to polarization- or wavelength-multiplexed metasurfaces, angle-multiplexed metasurfaces can provide new degrees of freedom, enabling previously unrealized complex functionality in diverse applications such as LiDAR, augmented reality glasses, and imaging. However, there have been fundamental trade-offs in transmission efficiency and angular sensitivity for practically important paraxial rays. In this paper, we overcome this limitation by breaking mirror symmetries of single-layer metasurface structures. Based on an effective medium theory, we intuitively explain which material parameters affect the sensitivity and efficiency and prove that high sensitivity and high efficiency can be achieved simultaneously by breaking the mirror symmetry. Based on this, we propose optimized metasurfaces for two applications: an angle-multiplexed beam-steering device with up to 93% relative efficiency and an angle-multiplexed metalens array that can break the fundamental resolution–density trade-off of microlens arrays with high efficiency. The proposed angle-selective designs could pave the way for the development of new classes of compact optical devices with novel functions.
Oxalic acid: recent developments for cost-effective microbial production
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Panwar Priya , Sehrawat Nirmala , Upadhyay Sushil Kumar , Sharma Anil Kumar , Singh Manoj , Yadav Mukesh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Organic acids are the important compounds that have found numerous applications in various industries. Oxalic acid is one of the important organic acids with different industrial applications. Different microbes have been reported as important sources of various organic acids. Majority of studies have been carried on fungal sources for oxalic acid production. Aspergillus sp. has been found efficient oxalic acid producer. Microbial productions of metabolites including organic acids are considered cost effective and eco-friendly approach over chemical synthesis. Fermentative production of microbial oxalic acid seems to be a good alternative as compared to chemical methods. Microbial production of oxalic acid still requires the extensive and elaborated research for its commercial production from efficient microbes using cost effective substrates. The present text summarizes the production of oxalic acid, its applications and recent developments in the direction of fermentative production of microbial oxalic acid.
COVID-19 Impact and Policy Response: A General Equilibrium Approach for Egypt
Authors: Eldeep City , Zaki Chahir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The economic impacts of COVID-19 were negative across nations but with different degrees depending on the timing, degree of containment measures and the extent of dependency on the world economy. Moreover, the policy response has been heterogeneous across different countries, but mainly addressing urgent and short-term problems without addressing the structural problems that led to the vulnerability of these countries in crisis times. Thus, the objective of this paper is threefold. First, it distinguishes between the supply and demand effects of COVID-19. Second, we examine the key differences between the short and long terms effects of the policies that were adopted. Finally, we modify the model to include the informal labor that was highly affected by the pandemic, and we relax the assumption of perfect competition and replicate the simulations under an imperfect competitive framework in order to see how reforms pertaining to competition policies can alter the adopted policies. To do so, we use a dynamic CGE model calibrated on the Egyptian Social Accounting Matrix of 2014/2015. Our findings show how the Egyptian economy has been relatively vulnerable to external shocks that affect its sources of foreign currency. Yet, most of the effects are temporary and vanish in the long run. Imperfect competition in commodity markets would increase the adverse effects of the pandemic and undermine the effectiveness of public policies.
Interventional pathway in the management of refractory post cholecystectomy pain (PCP) syndrome: a 6-year prospective audit in 60 patients
Authors: Lee Hayun , Kukreja Yuvraj , Niraj G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesPost cholecystectomy pain syndrome can affect over a third of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acute exacerbations can result in recurrent emergency admission with excessive healthcare utilization. Standard surgical management appears to focus on visceral aetiology. Abdominal myofascial pain syndrome is a poorly recognised somatic pathology that can cause refractory pain in this cohort. It develops as a result of trigger points in the abdominal musculature. The report describes the pathophysiology and a novel interventional pathway in the management of post cholecystectomy pain secondary to abdominal myofascial pain syndrome.MethodsThe prospective longitudinal audit was performed at a tertiary pain medicine clinic in a university teaching hospital. Over a six-year period, adult patients with refractory abdominal pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in a structured interventional management pathway. The pathway included two interventions. Intervention I was a combination of abdominal plane blocks and epigastric port site trigger injection with steroids. Patients who failed to report durable relief (>50% pain relief at 12 weeks) were offered pulsed radiofrequency treatment to the abdominal planes (Intervention II). Outcomes included patient satisfaction, change in opioid consumption and impact on emergency visits.ResultsSixty patients who failed to respond to standard management were offered the pathway. Four patients refused due to needle phobia. Fifty-six patients received Intervention I. Failure rate was 14% (8/56). Forty-eight patients (48/56, 86%) reported significant benefit at 12 weeks while 38 patients reported durable relief at 24 weeks (38/56, 68%). Nine patients received Intervention II and all (100%) reported durable relief. Emergency admissions and opioid consumption were reduced.ConclusionsAbdominal myofascial pain syndrome is a poorly recognised cause of post cholecystectomy pain. The novel interventional management pathway could be an effective solution in patients who fail to benefit from standard management.
Assistive Loading Promotes Goal-Directed Tuning of Stretch Reflex Gains
Authors: Torell Frida , Franklin Sae , Franklin David W. , Dimitriou Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVoluntary movements are prepared before they are executed. Preparatory activity has been observed across the CNS and recently documented in first-order neurons of the human PNS (i.e., in muscle spindles). Changes seen in sensory organs suggest that independent modulation of stretch reflex gains may represent an important component of movement preparation. The aim of the current study was to further investigate the preparatory modulation of short-latency stretch reflex responses (SLRs) and long-latency stretch reflex responses (LLRs) of the dominant upper limb of human subjects. Specifically, we investigated how different target parameters (target distance and direction) affect the preparatory tuning of stretch reflex gains in the context of goal-directed reaching, and whether any such tuning depends on preparation duration and the direction of background loads. We found that target distance produced only small variations in reflex gains. In contrast, both SLR and LLR gains were strongly modulated as a function of target direction, in a manner that facilitated the upcoming voluntary movement. This goal-directed tuning of SLR and LLR gains was present or enhanced when the preparatory delay was sufficiently long (>250 ms) and the homonymous muscle was unloaded [i.e., when a background load was first applied in the direction of homonymous muscle action (assistive loading)]. The results extend further support for a relatively slow-evolving process in reach preparation that functions to modulate reflexive muscle stiffness, likely via the independent control of fusimotor neurons. Such control can augment voluntary goal-directed movement and is triggered or enhanced when the homonymous muscle is unloaded.
Histone remodeling reflects conserved mechanisms of bovine and human preimplantation development
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Halstead Michelle M , Bonnet‐Garnier Amélie , Schultz Richard M , Ross Pablo J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow histone modifications regulate changes in gene expression during preimplantation development in any species remains poorly understood. Using CUT&Tag to overcome limiting amounts of biological material, we profiled two activating (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) and two repressive (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3) marks in bovine oocytes, 2‐, 4‐, and 8‐cell embryos, morula, blastocysts, inner cell mass, and trophectoderm. In oocytes, broad bivalent domains mark developmental genes, and prior to embryonic genome activation (EGA), H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 co‐occupy gene bodies, suggesting a global mechanism for transcription repression. During EGA, chromatin accessibility is established before canonical H3K4me3 and H3K27ac signatures. Embryonic transcription is required for this remodeling, indicating that maternally provided products alone are insufficient for reprogramming. Last, H3K27me3 plays a major role in restriction of cellular potency, as blastocyst lineages are defined by differential polycomb repression and transcription factor activity. Notably, inferred regulators of EGA and blastocyst formation strongly resemble those described in humans, as opposed to mice. These similarities suggest that cattle are a better model than rodents to investigate the molecular basis of human preimplantation development.
Prediction of the Dynamic Viscosity of N-Alcohol by Three Intelligent Models (ANN, LSSVM, and ANFIS) in Operation Conditions
Authors: Kuyakhi Hossein Rajabi , Tahmasebi-Boldaji Ramin 
Published: February 2023

Viscosity is an essential property in chemical engineering for different applications. If predicted accurately, the viscosity has a significant effect on chemical applications. In this paper, the capability of the three intelligence models, artificial neural network (ANN), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), were evaluated to model the dynamic viscosity of n-alcohol at the different operational conditions. The models were improved based on a 237 data set collected from reliable articles. The used databank contains temperature (T), pressure (P), and carbon number of n-alcohols (n-C) were chosen as the input of models. The result of these models was studied by Statistical parameters such as Mean of the squares errors (MSE), Root mean of the squares errors (RMSE), Maximum absolute error (MAAE %), Mean absolute error (MEAE %), correlation coefficient and graphical technique like Taylor diagram and William plot. The proposed models are known to appropriately estimate the viscosity of n-alcohol at the different operational conditions. It was found that the ANN with R2= 0.999, MSE=0.000017, MAAE %= 1.6, MEAE %=0.32 for Test, and R2= 0.999, MSE=0.0000094, MAAE %= 0.83, MEAE %=0.23 for Train exhibited a high performance than LSSVM and ANFIS for predicting dynamic viscosity of n-alcohol at the operational conditions.
Piloting a Strengths-Based Intervention to Enhance the Quality of Life of Families Raising Children With Autism
Authors: Stoliaryk Olha , Semigina Tetyana 
Published: February 2023

A strengths-based perspective puts the resources of individuals, families, communities, and their environments, rather than their deficit needs, problems and pathologies, at the center of the social work helping process.
This research was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention developed on the basis of an approach based on the strengths of families raising children with autism in improving the family life quality, strengthening its capacity, expanding their rights and possibilities, and enhancing resilience.
The experimental intervention was carried out at the Educational and Rehabilitation Center for Children with Autism “Dovira” (Lviv, Ukraine) and consisted of 12 group meetings. It had one experimental group (30 people) and two control groups (60 people).
The results of pre- and post-intervention surveys demonstrate the encouraging evidences of the effectiveness of the strength-based intervention program in social work with families raising children with autism, which indicates the possibility of its application in the family social work practice, in particular with families raising children with autism and other developmental disorders.
Survei Kebugaran Jasmani Pemain Sepakbola Usia 14 Tahun di SSB Persepa Banyuwangi
Authors: Yudistira Mohamad Bryan Calvin , Amiq Fahrial , Yudaswara Dona Sandy , Hariyanto Eko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physical condition of the components of explosive power, speed, agility, flexibility, and endurance in the Persepa U14 SSB. The test instruments used are Standing long jump, Sprint 20 meters, Illinoist, Sit and reach test, Bleep test. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive percentages to determine rankings. The results showed that the explosive power of the limbs was included in the "Enough" category, speed was included in the "Enough" category, Cardiac endurance was included in the "Enough" category, Flexibility was included in the "Very Good" category, and Agility are included in the “Enough” category. The conclusion of this study is the physical condition of the students of SSB Persepa Banyuwangi in the "good" category. Suggestions related to the results of the study are that students of SSB Persepa Banyuwangi U-14 can do exercises that can have a positive impact on physical condition.
Abstrak: Penelitian yang dilakukan memiliki tujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi dengan mengetahui kondisi fisik pada komponen daya ledak, kecepatan, kelincahan, kelentukan, dan daya tahan diSSB Persepa U14. Instrumen tes yang digunakan yaitu Standing long jump, Sprint 20 meter, Illinoist, Sit and reach test, Bleep test. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif persentase untuk menentukan peringkat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya ledak tungkai termasuk dalam kategori ”Cukup”, kecepatan termasuk dalam kategori ”cukup”, Daya tahan jantung termasuk dalam kategori ”Cukup”, Kelenturan termasuk dalam kategori ”Sangat baik”, dan Kelincahan termasuk dalam kategori ”Cukup”. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kondisi fisik siswa SSB Persepa Banyuwangi di kategori ”baik”. Saran terkait hasil penelitian adalah siswa SSB Persepa Banyuwangi U-14 dapat melakukan latihan yang dapat memberikan dampak positif pada kondisi fisik.
Analisis Gerak Pendaratan Kaki Terkait Risiko Berlari Overstriding Pada Pelari Remaja Malang 2 Training Club
Authors: Ferdiansyah Rhaka Dhanu , Yunus Mahmud , Abdullah Ahmad , Raharjo Slamet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: During running, there is a mechanism for changing the angle of the lower limb joints during the foot landing phase. A foot landing motion analysis intervention is needed to identify the risk of overstriding. The study focused on the joints of the lower extremities (hips, knees, and ankles) during the foot landing phase through the motion analysis phase of the subject. This research method uses quantitative qualitative with analytical descriptive design. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling, with the type of purposive sampling. 15 adolescent runners with endurance consisting of (12) boys and (3) girls have given informed consent. The test protocol of 60 seconds of each subject's treadmill running at a rate of 3.8 m/s (8.7 mph) was applied to one camera-recorded trial. Analysis of motion and angle for 30 seconds at the joints of the lower extremities from the lateral sagittal plane using the Kinovea software. The mean results of the angle values of the three lower extremity joints in various ranges. Characteristically, the motion produced from the angle of the subject's lower extremity joints, dominantly doing the landing phase of the hind foot accompanied by a condition of tibial extension which indicates the risk of overstriding.
Abstrak: Selama berlari, terjadi mekanisme perubahan sudut sendi ekstremitas bawah saat fase pendaratan kaki. Intervensi analisis gerak pendaratan kaki diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko overstriding. Penelitian terfokus pada persendian ekstremitas bawah(panggul, lutut, dan engkel) saat fase pendaratan kaki melalui tahap analisis gerak dari subjek. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif analitik. Teknik sampling menggunakan non-probability sampling, dengan jenis purposive sampling. 15 pelari remaja dengan daya tahan terdiri dari (12) laki-laki dan (3) perempuan telah menyetujui informed consent. Protokol tes lari treadmill setiap subjek selama 60 detik pada laju 3.8 m/s (8.7 mph) berlaku satu kali percobaan yang direkam kamera. Analisis gerak dan sudut selama 30 detik pada persendian ekstremitas bawah dari bidang sagital sisi lateral menggunakan perangkat lunak Kinovea. Rerata hasil nilai sudut ketiga sendi ekstremitas bawah pada rentang yang bervariasi. Secara karakteristik gerak yang dihasilkan dari sudut sendi ekstremitas bawah subjek, dominan melakukan fase pendaratan telapak kaki belakang disertai kondisi ekstensi tibia yang mengindikasikan risiko overstriding.
A study of serum creatine phosphokinase and severity of organophosphorus poisoning
Authors: Badiger Sharan , Badiger Prashant 
Published: February 2023

Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is an important global health problem especially in developing countries. Estimation of erythrocyte cholinesterase (EChE) and plasma cholinesterase (BChE) as an evidence of OP poisoning is costly, not regularly performed and shows wide inter-individual variability. To study the feasibility of using serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) as a predictor for severity of OP poisoning. Thirty four patients were included in this study who were admitted to tertiary care centre with history of OP poisoning less than 24hrs. The clinical severity of patients categorized according to Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale. In our study 53.0% were male, 47.0% were female. Incidence of OP poisoning was more common among age group 21-30 years. Farmers (38.2%) were more common among occupation. Monocrotophos (46.0%) was commonly used compound for poisoning. 38.2% patients were severe. There was significant reduction in plasma cholinesterase and significant increase in CPK levels. There was a highly significant correlation between initial serum CPK levels and severity of acute OP poisoning. This study recommends CPK as an alternative biomarker for acute OP poisoning.