bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better Than “Democracy”
Authors: Cappelen Herman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how we can do better than “democracy” and “democratic.” Speakers who use the D-words—be they theorists or ordinary citizens—could easily use other terminology. We have easy access to alternative terminology that’s more effective, and it takes minimal effort to find all these alternative ways of speaking. The chapter presents this as a challenge, and sets out an argument from alternative vocabulary. It complements the previous chapter (which shows how the D-words are defective) and shows how we can do better. Finally, the chapter lists points that can be used to quantify what might be called “democracy.”
Objections and Replies
Authors: Cappelen Herman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In its earlier chapters, this book has been somewhat tentative in its defense of abandonment. This final chapter lists, considers, and responds to a series of objections (that the reader may have) to abandonment, including some further-refined versions of the objections. One such objection claims that “democracy” is the paradigm of what has been called an essentially contested concept, and another that the phenomenon of metalinguistic negotiation undermines the argument for abandonment. Following the replies to these objections, the chapter addresses a concern that the arguments in the book overgenerate, and stresses some proposals for how speakers can do better.
The ventral visual system
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe brain processes involved in visual object recognition are described. Evidence is presented that what is computed are sparse distributed representations of objects that are invariant with respect to transforms including position, size, and even view in the ventral stream towards the inferior temporal visual cortex. The cortical connectivity of the human ventral visual cortical stream for object and face recognition is described, and also a stream to the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus for socially relevant moving stimuli. Then biologically plausible unsupervised learning computations for invariant visual object recognition that use a synaptic modification rule that utilises a memory trace are described. These are compared with deep learning and other machine learning approaches that typically require supervision.
The parietal cortex, spatial functions, and navigation
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe parietal areas that are involved in the dorsal visual stream are described in Chapter 3. This Chapter builds on that, and considers the functions of spatial information in the parietal cortex in navigation, actions in space, and semantic representations. The superior parietal areas including the intraparietal cortex and area 7 regions are implicated in actions in space and the coordinate transforms required for these; and may thereby contribute to the self-motion update of spatial view cells in the parahippocampal and hippocampal cortex for memory and navigation. The anterior inferior temporal cortex regions process somatosensory information that reaches region PF at the top of the somatosensory hierarchy. The posterior inferior parietal regions in humans include visual regions PGi, PGs and PFm which have strong connectivity with temporal lobe semantic regions to which they contribute visuo-spatial information.
The cingulate cortex
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe pregenual anterior cingulate cortex receive information from the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and connect with the hippocampal and posterior cingulate cortex to provide reward information for memory and the goals for navigation. The dorsal or supracallosal anterior cingulate cortex also receives reward/non-reward information, but associates this as outcome information with actions recently made to implement action-outcome learning. is involved in action-outcome learning. The posterior cingulate postero-ventral regions receive information from the visual inferior temporal cortex and auditory and semantic superior temporal sulcus regions, and from vmPFC and pregenual cingulate reward regions. They have connectivity to the hippocampal system thereby contributing to ‘what’ information for hippocampal episodic memory. The posterior cingulate division antero-dorsal regions (including the RSC region) receive inputs from the parietal cortex, including areas 7a, VIP and LIP laterally, and area 7m medially, and have effective connectivity to the hippocampal systems thereby contributing to ‘where’ information for the idiothetic update of scene representations used for hippocampal episodic memory.
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (The Theosophical Society), The Secret Doctrine (1888)
Authors: Faxneld Per 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Helena Petrovna Blavatsky’s The Secret Doctrine (1888). Blavatsky, the chief ideologist of the Theosophical Society, was the first person to present a positive understanding of Satan in an exclusively esoteric or religious (as opposed to literary or political) context. She argues that Satan—or Lucifer, or the Devil, as she often uses the names interchangeably—brought humankind spiritual wisdom by offering us the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge in the Garden of Eden. He is therefore “the spirit of Intellectual Enlightenment and Freedom of Thought,” and the so-called Fall of Man was in fact a positive event, an initiation into esoteric knowledge. An important building block in Blavatsky’s construction of Satan was contemporary (semi-) scholarly understandings of ancient Gnosticism.
Anton LaVey (Church of Satan), Interview in John Fritscher’s Popular Witchcraft: Straight from the Witch’s Mouth (1972)
Authors: Holt Cimminnee 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines an excerpt from an interview with Church of Satan founder Anton LaVey in John Fritscher’s Popular Witchcraft: Straight from the Witch’s Mouth (1972). Emerging from the counterculture movements of the 1960s, LaVey claimed to blend the discourses of science and magic to present a “rational” religion that caters to the “true” nature of humankind. LaVey’s Satanism views Satan as a symbol of liberty, antinomianism, and Epicureanism, wherein the satanic figure is a rebellious hero representing sexual freedom, intellectual curiosity, and unapologetic materialism. Fritscher’s interview with LaVey is perhaps one of the most circulated and influential, as it captures LaVey just beyond the initial foundational years of the Church of Satan. In the interview, LaVey denies the existence of a literal Satan, interpreting a satanic “presence” as an exteriorized version of his own ego. He also targets Christianity’s apparent duplicity in terms of human sexuality, as it (and all religion) denies and suppresses the essential carnal, animal nature of humankind.
Thomas Karlsson (Dragon Rouge), Kabbala, kliffot och den goetiska magin (2004)
Authors: Gregorius Fredrik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the magical order Dragon Rouge, which was founded in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1989 by Thomas Karlsson. It focuses on “The Fall of Lucifer,” an excerpt from Qabalah, Qliphoth and Goetic Magic (2004). Dragon Rouge does not regard itself as a Satanic organization and has from the start rejected the designation. Instead, members of the order often see themselves as followers of the Left-hand Path and practitioners of what the order calls “Dark Magic.” “The Fall of Lucifer” is a retelling of the story of the Garden of Eden, a recurring narrative in Satanic discourse. In Dragon Rouge’s version, the story is told imbedded in a rather technical kabalistic exegesis and is used to differentiate the Left-hand Path, as understood by the order, from other spiritual traditions built around the aspiration to reconcile humanity with God and reclaim the harmony that existed before the Fall.
Taxes and Growth: New Narrative Evidence from Interwar Britain
Authors: Cloyne James , Dimsdale Nicholas , Postel-Vinay Natacha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The impact of fiscal policy on economic activity is still a matter of great debate. And, ever since Keynes first commented on it, interwar Britain, 1918–39, has remained a particularly interesting and contentious case—not least because of its high-debt environment and turbulent business cycle. This debate has often focused on the effects of government spending, but little is known about the effects of tax changes. In fact, a number of tax reforms in the period focused on long-term and social objectives, often reflecting the personality of British Chancellors. Based on extensive historiographical research, we apply a narrative approach to the interwar period in Britain and isolate a new series of exogenous tax changes. We find that tax changes have a sizable effect on GDP, with multipliers exceeding 2 within two years. Our estimates provide new evidence on the effects of tax changes, contribute to the historical debate about fiscal policy in the interwar period and are also consistent with the sizable tax multipliers found after World War II.
Knowledge and experiences of healthcare workers in managing children with neurometabolic disorders in a developing country: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Saini Arushi Gahlot , Singanamalla Bhanudeep , Gunasekaran Pradeep Kumar , Didwal Gunjan , Attri Savita Verma 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the knowledge and experiences of healthcare workers in the management of neurometabolic disorders.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out among the 132 participants of a continued medical education program conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at a tertiary-care teaching hospital. A questionnaire-based feedback form was circulated among the participants, and their responses were analyzed.

Results
Ninety-three responses were analyzed. The most common pediatric illnesses identified were infections (91%), nutritional (91%), birth-related injuries (44.4%) and metabolic disorders (44.4%). Consanguinity (81.5%) and genetic heterogeneity (42.4%) were recognized as most important causes of neurometabolic disorders. Important steps identified for prevention were prenatal testing (65.6%) and newborn screening at birth (61%); while for improving the diagnosis were routine availability of metabolic investigations (65.3%) and screening at birth (46.6%). Most respondents (58.7%) expressed discomfort in managing a case with inherited metabolic defect due to a lack of knowledge (46.8%) and diagnostic facilities (44.6%). Despite access to testing in the majority, a high cost of testing was noticed for biochemical and genetic investigations. The majority of participants (73%) considered some of the inherited metabolic disorders as treatable. Dietary substitution (89.3%), enzyme replacement (69%), cofactor replacement (53.6%), gene therapy (35.7%) and regular dialysis (16.7%) were considered the treatment options.

Conclusion
In spite of growing awareness of inherited metabolic disorders, there are still gaps in knowledge among healthcare workers. It is challenging to diagnose and manage these disorders. Cost-reduction of diagnostic tests, routine newborn screening and increased educational activities are key challenges to be addressed.
Twenty-three-hour stays in the ambulatory surgical center: benefits, pathways and protocols
Authors: Ardon Alberto E. , Nimma Sindhuja , Nin Olga C. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
To summarize recent evidence that discusses the clinical, financial, and logistical implications of a 23 h stay postsurgical stay unit in an ambulatory surgical center (ASC).

Recent findings
Twenty-three-hour stays in ambulatory surgery centers are safe, but proper patient selection and optimization are key to maintaining a high level of safety. The financial implications of overnight stays in ASCs rely heavily on payment structures and comparative costs at hospital-based outpatient surgery centers. The establishment of pathways and protocols for clinical care are key to the success of a 23 h stay at an ASC

Summary
A concurrent concern with the recent increase in outpatient surgery and medical complexity of cases performed in an ambulatory surgical center (ASC) is the possibility that patients may need overnight stay. Further, whether certain patients would benefit from anticipated 23 h observation rather than same-day discharge is an emerging topic. Overnight stays in ASCs may have financial advantages and decrease the risk of unanticipated admission with proper patient selection. The use of protocols and established pathways is key to the success of this model.
Design and mechanical testing of an adjustable posterior leaf spring ankle-foot orthosis for patients with drop foot
Authors: Khaing May Su , Samala Manunchaya , Guerra Gary , Wisessint Attaporn 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
This study aimed to design an adjustable posterior leaf spring (PLS) ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) with an affordable material in low-income countries and investigate the mechanical properties between an adjustable PLS AFO and a standard PLS AFO.

Study Design:
Static and dynamic mechanical testing.

Methods:
This study preliminarily tested a new adjustable PLS AFO against a standard PLS AFO. Each AFO design was tested with mechanical testing using an Instron 8801 universal testing machine.

Results:
The stiffness value of the adjustable PLS AFO was greater than that of the standard PLS AFO during the static loading test. The energy dissipated ratios were lower in the adjustable PLS AFO than in the standard PLS AFO. After 110,000 cycles of fatigue testing, the distal rivet of the adjustable PLS AFO became loose, although the standard PLS AFO had no problem.

Conclusions:
The novel adjustable PLS AFO achieved noninferior mechanical properties except fatigue strength. The connecting area always initiated fatigue failure. It is suggested that this area must be prevented for stress concentration. As a preliminary study, this study is fundamental for future studies.
High-Frequency rTMS Could Improve Impaired Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients in China
Authors: Wang Tao , Guo Zhiwei , Wu Hongxia , Jiang Yi , Mu Qiwen 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on improving memory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as to provide visualized evidence for neuronal specificity by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods:
Forty MCI patients were enrolled to receive 10-session and sham-controlled 10Hz-rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with memory scales assessment were performed before and after the intervention. To elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of rTMS, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity were calculated. The Pearson correlation was used to measure the relationship between ALFF and memory performance.

Results:
Compared with the sham group, ALFF significantly increased in the right insula, right inferior frontal gyrus-opercular part, and decreased in the left middle occipital gyrus, left angular gyrus, and left lingual gyrus after rTMS. The change in Auditory Verbal Learning Test scores were negatively correlated with ALFF decreases in the left lingual gyrus. Functional connectivity significantly increased between the posterior cingulate cortex and right supramarginal gyrus, and decreased between the right frontoinsular cortex and right supramarginal gyrus after intervention.

Conclusion:
High-frequency rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex could facilitate improvement on impaired memory in patients with MCI via modulating the neuronal activity and brain network.
<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">Risk factors for acquiring <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> infection in the&#160;intensive care unit: experience from a Moroccan hospital
</xhtml:span>
Authors: BENAISSA ELMOSTAFA , Belouad Elmehdi , Maleb Adil , Elouennass Mostafa 
Published: August 2023

Introduction ; Acinetobacter spp is a non-fermenting and ubiquitous Gram-negative coccobacillus, which is in recent years the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Our objective is to study the epidemiology and risk factors associated with A. baumannii infections in the ICU.
Methods. This retrospective case-control study was conducted collaboratively between the Medical Bacteriology Department and the two ICU of the Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V-Rabat over a 3-month period.
Results. We included 180 patients, out of which 60 had A. baumannii infection. We observed a male predominance in both matched groups, with a sex ratio of 1.6. The median age was 67 years IQR [59.5-77]. The median length of stay in the ICU before infection was 8.5days IQR [5-14]. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis identified the risk factors statistically associated with A. baumannii infection at the ICU level as follows: duration of invasive procedures˃ 7days (OR=1. 02), parenteral nutrition (OR=3.514), mechanical ventilation (OR=3.024), imipenem (OR=18.72), colistin (OR=5.645), probabilistic antibiotic therapy ˃4days (OR=9.063) and neoplastic pathology(OR=5.727).
Conclusion. Based on our results, it can be inferred that shortening the duration of stay in the resuscitation setting, implementing rational use of medical devices, and optimizing antibiotic therapy could decrease the incidence of these infections.
ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document): A reporting guideline for consensus methods in biomedicine developed via a modified Delphi
Authors: Gattrell William T. , Logullo Patricia , van Zuuren Esther J. , Price Amy , Hughes Ellen L. , Blazey Paul , Winchester Christopher C. , Tovey David , Goldman Keith , Hungin Amrit Pali , Harrison Niall 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn biomedical research, it is often desirable to seek consensus among individuals who have differing perspectives and experience. This is important when evidence is emerging, inconsistent, limited or absent. Even when research evidence is abundant, clinical recommendations, policy decisions and priority-setting may still require agreement from multiple, sometimes ideologically opposed parties. Despite their prominence and influence on key decisions, consensus methods are often poorly reported. We aimed to develop the first reporting guideline applicable to all consensus methods used in biomedical research, called ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document).MethodsWe followed methodology recommended by the EQUATOR Network for the development of reporting guidelines: a systematic review was followed by a Delphi process and meetings to finalise the ACCORD checklist. The preliminary checklist was drawn from the systematic review of existing literature on the quality of reporting of consensus methods and suggestions from the Steering Committee.ResultsA Delphi panel (n=72) was recruited with representation from six continents and a broad range of experience, including clinical, research, policy and patient perspectives. The three rounds of the Delphi process were completed by 58, 54 and 51 panellists. The preliminary checklist of 56 items was refined to a final checklist of 35 items relating to the article title (n=1), introduction (n=3), methods (n=21), results (n=5), discussion (n=2) and other information (n=3).ConclusionsThe ACCORD checklist is the first reporting guideline applicable to all consensus-based studies. It will support authors in writing accurate, detailed manuscripts, thereby improving the completeness and transparency of reporting and providing readers with clarity regarding the methods used to reach agreement. Furthermore, the checklist will make the rigour of the consensus methods used to guide the recommendations clear for readers. Reporting consensus studies with greater clarity and transparency may enhance trust in the recommendations made by consensus panels.
Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 with the use of the MMR Vaccine before or after the COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Fedrizzi Edison Natal , Trapani Alberto , Reis Girondi Juliana Balbinot , Silvestrin Aldanéa Norma de Souza , Nunes Maria Veronica 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe MMR vaccine has been shown by several studies over the years to have a potent effect on heterologous immunity. The reduction in mortality and respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in childhood has been consolidated with recent studies demonstrating a better evolution of COVID-19 with the use of this vaccine. Stimulation of innate immunity by the MMR vaccine can be very useful, both used alone or in association with other vaccines, especially those for COVID-19.ObjectivesTo evaluate the decrease in the incidence of infection or severity of COVID-19 with the use of the MMR vaccine before and after the use of specific vaccines against COVID-19.MethodsThis extension analysis followed 120 volunteer healthcare professionals aged 18 to 60 who received the MMR vaccine before the specific COVID-19 vaccine and 73 volunteers who used the MMR vaccine after the COVID-19 vaccine. Visits to the Research Center were carried out at an average interval of 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was performed using the RT-PCR technique for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.ResultsThe most used vaccine against COVID-19 was Coronavac in 59.1%. A total of 44 cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed (20% of the sample), the vast majority of which were mild cases (70.5%). There was no difference in the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in health professionals who used the MMR vaccine before or after the specific vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Coronavirus or AstraZeneca).ConclusionThe incidence and severity of COVID-19 does not differ with the use of the MMR vaccine before or after the specific vaccine against COVID-19.
Single Cell Measurements and Modeling and Computation of Decision Making Errors in a Molecular Signaling System with Two Output Molecules
Authors: Emadi Ali , Lipniacki Tomasz , Levchenko Andre , Abdi Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA cell constantly receives signals and takes different fates accordingly. Given the uncertainty rendered by signal transduction noise, the cell may incorrectly perceive the signals. It may mistakenly behave as if there is a signal - although there is none, or may miss the presence of a signal that actually exists. In this paper, we consider a signaling system that has two outputs, and introduce and develop methods to model and compute key cell decision making parameters based on the two outputs, and in response to the input signal. In the considered system, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) regulates the two transcription factors, the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2). These two system outputs are involved in important physiological functions such as cell death and survival, viral replication, and pathological conditions such as autoimmune diseases and different types of cancer. Using the introduced methods, we compute and show what the decision thresholds are, based on the single cell measured concentration levels of NFκB and ATF-2. We also define and compute the decision error probabilities, i.e., false alarm and miss probabilities, based on the concentration levels of the two outputs. By considering the joint response of the two outputs of a signaling system, one can learn more about complex cellular decision making processes, the corresponding decision error rates, and their possible involvement in the development of some pathological conditions.