bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of different machine learning algorithms in classifying pulsar stars and the impact of data preparation
Authors: Rong Song Jin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With massive improvements in technology, astronomers have been uncovering impressive findings of the mysteries of the universe. At the same time, new technology is able to do more and more of the tasks usually given to people, especially when it comes to handling big pieces of data. As such, more jobs are being replaced by machines in the modern industrial age, which may very well include the jobs of astronomers. To investigate the potential of machine learning in astronomy and its effect on the livelihoods of astronomers, this paper aims to demonstrate the capabilities of machine learning algorithms in completing tasks usually done by astronomers, which in this case the identifying pulsar stars. Astronomers study these stars extensively to learn about extreme states of matter and explore different solar systems. This paper introduces various classification algorithms to perform the task of identifying pulsar stars from data of radio wave emissions in the universe. Two distinct methods of dealing with missing values were also used. Once the algorithms were applied to the dataset, the results were recorded and analyzed, mainly focusing on the accuracy of each model. From the results, all the models yielded accuracies above 90%. In addition, the models performed better on average with data preparation using the drop method compared to the average value method. These results provide extensive evidence that machine learning can perform certain tasks commonly performed by astronomers themselves. At the moment they cannot replace astronomers, but in the future, it has a possibility.
Spectrometer for ultrashort X-ray based on scintillator and optical fiber: proof of principle study
Authors: Song Honghu , Qiu Rui , Yi Hongchang , Zuo Qi , Liu Yining , Wu Zhen , Li Junli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An active filter stack spectrometer based on the scintillator and optical fiber is proposed and characterized for measuring the ultrashort X-ray spectrum. The active filter stack spectrometer consists of multiple detection modules, each of which has three components: a scintillator, an optical fiber, and a PMT. After simulation optimization of the detection module for better coupling efficiency, a detection module was fabricated and assembled for subsequent coupling efficiency measurements. Two proof-of-principle experiments using an X-ray source were conducted to validate the feasibility of this active filter stack spectrometer.
Design of a megawatt superradiant terahertz source for FELiChEM
Authors: Xia M. , Yang N. , Xu Y. , Zhao Z. , Li H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
FELiChEM is an infrared free electron laser user facility
built at the University of Science and Technology of China
(USTC). It consists of two free electron laser oscillators which
produce mid-infrared and far-infrared lasers covering the spectral
range of 2–200 μm at current stage. In this paper, we
propose a new operation mode of a megawatt (MW) terahertz (THz)
superradiance free electron laser (FEL) for FELiChEM. Start-to-end
(S2E) simulations have been carried out, in which the
three-dimension particle-in-cell (PIC) code PUFFIN is used for the
generation of the THz superradiance. Simulation results demonstrate
that this superradiant FEL can provide 100–1000 μm laser
with MW-class peak power from a 1.2 meter single-pass undulator when
the electron energy is around 15 MeV.
A new method to improve homogeneity and oxidation stability of Cu nanoparticles for lubricant additive in liquid phase reduction process
Authors: Kim Song Chol , Ri Yun Sik , Ju Dae Gun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the preparation of Cu nanoparticles by liquid phase reduction, the traditional reagent mixing mode was changed to improve the homogeneity in Cu nanoparticle size. In addition, Cu nanoparticles were collected by adding the volatile organic solvent (benzine) to the reaction system to prevent the oxidation of them. XRD and SEM analysis confirmed that the reaction products were spherical Cu particles with relatively uniform size of 30–50 nm. EDS analysis showed that the oxygen content in the product was 36.2% for using a centrifuge and 12.6% for using benzine, indicating that the oxidation of Cu nanoparticles was relatively prevented in the preparation process. The lubricant containing Cu nanoparticles of 0.15 wt% exhibited decreased friction coefficient by 60% compared the pure lubricant. Moreover, the decreasing tendency of friction coefficient of the Cu nanoparticles prepared by the proposed method was more stable than that of Cu nanoparticles prepared by the common liquid phase reduction process.
ALKGene Mutation and ALK Protein Expression in Advanced Neuroblastoma and the Potential Value in Risk Stratification in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Samples
Authors: Bhardwaj Neha , Rohilla Manish , Gautam Upasana , Trehan Amita , Bansal Deepak , Kakkar Nandita , Srinivasan Radhika 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe protein ALK is targeted for therapy in neuroblastoma, and ALK mutation confers a poor prognosis. We evaluated ALK in a cohort of patients with advanced neuroblastoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).MethodsFifty-four cases of neuroblastoma were evaluated for ALK protein expression by immunocytochemistry and ALK gene mutation by next-generation sequencing. MYCN amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization, International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) staging, and risk assignment was performed, and patients were managed accordingly. All parameters were correlated with overall survival (OS).ResultsALK protein showed cytoplasmic expression in 65% cases and did not correlate with MYCN amplification (P = .35), INRG groups (P = .52), and OS (P = .2); however, ALK-positive, poorly differentiated neuroblastoma showed better prognosis (P = .02). ALK negativity was associated with poor outcome by Cox proportional hazard model (hazard ratio, 2.36). Two patients showed ALK gene F1174L mutation with 8% and 54% allele frequency and high ALK protein expression; they died of disease 1 and 17 months following diagnosis, respectively. A novel IDH1 exon 4 mutation was also detected.ConclusionsALK expression is a promising prognostic and predictive marker in advanced neuroblastoma that can be evaluated in cell blocks from FNAB samples along with traditional prognostic parameters. ALK gene mutation confers a poor prognosis for patients with this disease.
Guselkumab for hidradenitis suppurativa: a phase II, open-label, mode-of-action study
Authors: Dudink Koen , Bouwman Klasiena , Chen Yanqing , DePrimo Samuel E , Munoz-Elias Ernesto J , Aarts Pim , Schappin Renske , Florencia Edwin F , van Heeswijk Bennie , Prens Lisette M , van der Zee Hessel H , Prens Errol P , van Straalen Kelsey R , Horváth Barbara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The effectiveness of available biologics for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is limited. Additional therapeutic options are needed.

Objectives
To investigate the efficacy and mode of action of guselkumab [an anti-interleukin (IL)-23p19 monoclonal antibody] 200 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 16 weeks in patients with HS.

Methods
An open-label, multicentre, phase IIa trial in patients with moderate-to-severe HS was carried out (NCT04061395). The pharmacodynamic response in skin and blood was measured after 16 weeks of treatment. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR), the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4), and the abscess and inflammatory nodule (AN) count. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the local institutional review board (METC 2018/694), and the study was conducted in accordance with good clinical practice guidelines and applicable regulatory requirements.

Results
Thirteen of 20 patients (65%) achieved HiSCR with a statistically significant decrease in median IHS4 score (from 8.5 to 5.0; P = 0.002) and median AN count (from 6.5 to 4.0; P = 0.002). The overall patient-reported outcomes did not show a similar trend. One serious adverse event, likely to be unrelated to guselkumab treatment, was observed. In lesional skin, transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of various genes associated with inflammation, including immunoglobulins, S100, matrix metalloproteinases, keratin, B-cell and complement genes, which decreased in clinical responders after treatment. Immunohistochemistry revealed a marked decrease in inflammatory markers in clinical responders at week 16.

Conclusions
Sixty-five per cent of patients with moderate-to-severe HS achieved HiSCR after 16 weeks of treatment with guselkumab. We could not demonstrate a consistent correlation between gene and protein expression and clinical responses. The main limitations of this study were the small sample size and absence of a placebo arm. The large placebo-controlled phase IIb NOVA trial for guselkumab in patients with HS reported a lower HiSCR response of 45.0–50.8% in the treatment group and 38.7% in the placebo group. Guselkumab seems only to be of benefit in a subgroup of patients with HS, indicating that the IL-23/T helper 17 axis is not central to the pathophysiology of HS.
Meta-analysis reveals between-population differences affect the link between glucocorticoids and population health
Authors: Newediuk Levi , Bath Devon R 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlucocorticoids are a popular tool for monitoring health of animal populations because they can increase with environmental stressors and can indicate chronic stress. However, individual responses to stressors create variation in the glucocorticoid–fitness relationship within populations. The inconsistency in this relationship calls into question the widespread use of glucocorticoids in conservation. We investigated the sources of variation in the glucocorticoid–fitness relationship by conducting a meta-analysis across a diverse set of species exposed to conservation-relevant stressors. We first quantified the extent to which studies inferred population health from glucocorticoids without first validating the glucocorticoid–fitness relationship in their own populations. We also tested whether population-level information like life history stage, sex and species longevity influenced the relationship between glucocorticoids and fitness. Finally, we tested for a universally consistent relationship between glucocorticoids and fitness across studies. We found more than half of peer-reviewed studies published between 2008 and 2022 inferred population health solely based on glucocorticoid levels. While life history stage explained some variation in the relationship between glucocorticoids and fitness, we found no consistent relationship between them. Much of the variation in the relationship could be the result of idiosyncratic characteristics of declining populations, such as unstable demographic structure, that coincided with large amounts of variation in glucocorticoid production. We suggest that conservation biologists capitalize on this variation in glucocorticoid production by declining populations by using the variance in glucocorticoid production as an early warning for declines in population health.
Clean Energy Access: Gender Disparity, Health and Labour Supply
Authors: Verma Anjali P , Imelda  
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Women bear a disproportionate share of the health and time burden associated with lack of access to modern energy. We study the impact of clean energy access on adult health and labour supply outcomes by exploiting a nationwide rollout of a clean cooking fuel program in Indonesia. We find that access to clean cooking fuel led to an improvement in women’s health and an increase in their work hours. We also find an increase in men’s work hours and in their propensity to have an additional job, primarily in those households where women accrued the largest program benefits.
Elevated Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Are Associated With All-Cause Mortality: Evidence From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Chen Xiaotong , Lin Yong , Wei Kai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Several studies have reported the association between blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels and all-cause mortality. However, the generalizability of these findings in general adults remains unclear. The study aimed to examine the association between serum NfL and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative population.

Methods
Longitudinal data were obtained from 2 071 participants aged 20–75 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–14 cycle. Serum NfL levels were measured by using a novel, high-throughput acridinium-ester immunoassay. Kaplan–Meier curves, multivariate Cox regression analysis, and restricted cubic spline regression were employed to investigate the association between serum NfL and all-cause mortality.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 73 (interquartile range = 12) months, 85 (3.50%) participants died. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle variables, comorbidity, body mass index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, elevated serum NfL levels were still significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 2.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.89–3.18 for per lnNfL increase) in a linear manner.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that circulating levels of NfL may serve as a biomarker of mortality risk in a nationally representative population.
Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Training Among Gastroenterology Fellows
Authors: Al-Bawardy Badr , Malter Lisa , Ehrlich Adam C , Rieder Florian , Gaidos Jill K J , Proctor Deborah , Windish Donna M 
Published: February 2023

Lay Summary
In this multicenter survey study, we found that many gastroenterology fellows lacked confidence and desired a “moderate to a lot more” training in important inflammatory bowel disease management domains.
How COVID-19 Changed Self-Presentation on Instagram and its Relation to User Well-Being
Authors: Turner Mark , Ordonia Danna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Social media use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic with platforms providing an important forum for communication and self-expression. In this study, we explore shifts in online posting behaviors and self-presentation following the onset of lockdown. Content analysis of active Instagram accounts (n = 73) was conducted for the 3-month period before and immediately following the start of lockdown in the UK, and compared to psychological well-being, social media dependency and motives for online self-presentation during lockdown. Changes in the nature of images and captions used by profile owners were found following the start of lockdown, with more selfies and throwback photographs of past events being posted. Images in contexts depicting users as ‘social’, and positive or explanatory message captioning decreased during lockdown. Limited evidence was found to support the hypothesis that images posted were predictive of psychological well-being in lockdown. More followers and the degree to which online portrayals represented ‘real-self’ appeared more critical to well-being during lockdown.
The Clinical Utility of MRSA Nasal Surveillance Swabs in Ruling-Out MRSA Infections in Children
Authors: Diseroad Emily R , Tamma Pranita D , Same Rebecca G , Hsu Alice J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal surveillance swabs has not been well-described in children. This retrospective, cohort study yielded a negative predictive value of 99.4% for an initial negative MRSA nasal surveillance swab in 165 hospitalized children with a suspected infection and clinical cultures obtained from a likely site of infection.
Diagnostic nightmare: intra-intestinal bleed masks intra-abdominal bleed after colonoscopy
Authors: Jackson Hillary M , Jones Victoriann M , Jayaratne Sharani U , Fokin Alexander A , Masri Mohammad M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractColonoscopy is a widely used method of screening, diagnosis and intervention. Complications are infrequent and generally present as colonic perforation or colonic hemorrhage. A rare and life-threatening complication of colonoscopy is splenic injury or rupture. We present a case report of an 81-year-old female who was admitted with hemodynamic instability and tachycardia due to gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and developed hemoperitoneum within 24 hours following colonoscopy. The initial computed tomography (CT) scan was misdiagnosed due to the patient history of GI bleed, and the iatrogenic splenic injury was recognized only during a second CT after continued hemodynamic instability. The patient’s initial diagnosis of a GI bleed masked the intraperitoneal bleed and led to a delayed diagnosis of splenic rupture and increased morbidity. This patient required an emergent laparotomy with a total splenectomy with lysis of adhesions.
Internet-based basic body awareness therapy in fibromyalgia syndrome: A report of three cases
Authors: Tahran Özge , Ersöz Hüseyinsinoğlu Burcu , Yolcu Günay , Karadağ Saygı Evrim 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Previous literature has shown that basic body awareness therapy (BBAT) may be an effective treatment for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). This study constitutes the first case study evaluating internet-based BBAT for FMS. The purpose of this case study was to describe the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of an internet-based BBAT training for a total of 8 weeks in three patients with FMS. The patients underwent a synchronous individual internet-based BBAT training. Outcomes were assessed using Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire Revised, Awareness-Body-Chart, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and plasma fibrinogen level. These measures were administered at baseline and after the treatment. Patient satisfaction with the treatment was evaluated using a structured questionnaire. At the post-treatment evaluation, each patient showed improvements in all outcome measures. All patients had clinically significant changes in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire Revised. The SF-MPQ total score in Patients 1 and 3 exceeded the minimal clinically important difference. All patients’ pain severity exceeded the minimal clinically important difference for Visual Analogue Scale (SF-MPQ). Besides, we found some benefits in body awareness and the level of dysautonomia. At the end of the treatment, patient satisfaction with the programme was very high. Based on this case study, the application of internet-based BBAT seems feasible and promising for clinical benefits.
Ecological restoration for sustainable development in China
Authors: Fu Bojie , Liu Yanxu , Meadows Michael E 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Facing the need for transdisciplinary research to promote ecological restoration that achieves both social and ecological benefits, research on past restoration efforts that have directly or indirectly contributed to regional or national sustainable development warrants reassessment. Using China as an example, in this review, we address three basic research questions that can be summarized as follows: ecological restoration—of what, for whom and to what purpose? Accordingly, a ‘landscape pattern—ecosystem service—sustainable development’ co-evolutionary framework is proposed here to describe landscape-scale ecological restoration and its impact on landscape patterns and ecological processes, ecosystem services for human well-being, sustainable livelihoods and socioeconomic development. From the strategic pattern of national ecological security to the pattern of major projects to protect and restore major national ecosystems, the spatial pattern of China's ecological restoration is more geographically integrative. From major function-oriented zoning to systematic ecological protection and restoration, and for the purpose of achieving the Beautiful China Initiative, there are three stages of ecosystem services management: classification, synergy and integration, respectively. The difference in geographic processes should be considered in the key requirements of ecological restoration for China's five national strategies for regional sustainable-development strategies. Deepening understanding of the relationship between humans and nature in different geographical contexts is a scientific prerequisite to support policymaking related to ecological restoration. To promote greater harmony between humans and nature, we propose four important research directions: (i) understanding coupling processes among key components, (ii) identifying ecosystem service flows, (iii) evaluating social-ecological benefits and (iv) supporting adaptive management for regional sustainable development.
COVID-19 and Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions in the United States: A County-Level Analysis
Authors: Hamilton Alisa , Poleon Suprena , Cherian Jerald , Cosgrove Sara , Laxminarayan Ramanan , Klein Eili 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeclines in outpatient antibiotic prescribing were reported during the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States; however, the overall impact of COVID-19 cases on antibiotic prescribing remains unclear.MethodsThis was an ecological study using random-effects panel regression of monthly reported COVID-19 county case and antibiotic prescription data, controlling for seasonality, urbanicity, health care access, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and sociodemographic factors.ResultsAntibiotic prescribing fell 26.8% in 2020 compared with prior years. Each 1% increase in county-level monthly COVID-19 cases was associated with a 0.009% (95% CI, 0.007% to 0.012%; P &lt; .01) increase in prescriptions per 100 000 population dispensed to all ages and a 0.012% (95% CI, −0.017% to −0.008%; P &lt; .01) decrease in prescriptions per 100 000 children. Counties with schools open for in-person instruction were associated with a 0.044% (95% CI, 0.024% to 0.065%; P &lt; .01) increase in prescriptions per 100 000 children compared with counties that closed schools. Internal movement restrictions and requiring facemasks were also associated with lower prescribing among children.ConclusionsThe positive association of COVID-19 cases with prescribing for all ages and the negative association for children indicate that increases in prescribing occurred primarily among adults. The rarity of bacterial coinfection in COVID-19 patients suggests that a fraction of these prescriptions may have been inappropriate. Facemasks and school closures were correlated with reductions in prescribing among children, possibly due to the prevention of other upper respiratory infections. The strongest predictors of prescribing were prior years’ prescribing trends, suggesting the possibility that behavioral norms are an important driver of prescribing practices.