bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C017: Detection of wild-type and truncated HMGA2 in prostate cancer tissues using RNA in situ hybridization
Authors: Hwang Bor-Jang , Awolowo Mojisoluwa , Campbell Taaliah , Hawsawi Ohuod , Harrison Sharon , Gibbs Denise , Ragin Camille , Odero-Marah Valerie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High mobility group A2 (HMGA2), a non-histone protein, is known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Both full-length HMGA2 (WT-HMGA2) and truncated (lacking the 3’UTR) HMGA2 (TR-HMGA2) isoforms are overexpressed in several cancers such as lung carcinomas, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer. However, there is no study investigating the expression and differential roles of WT vs truncated HMGA2 isoforms in prostate cancer. Our previous results indicated that the overexpression of HMGA2 in LNCaP cells increased cell viability and migration for both wild-type and truncated HMGA2. Promotion of EMT was observed in wild-type, but not truncated HMGA2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased with truncated HMGA2 more than wild-type HMGA2. Therefore, wild-type and truncated HMGA2 may play different roles on cancer progression and metastasis. The goal of this study is to examine the expression of wild-type vs. truncated HMGA2 in prostate cancer patient tissue. We have developed a way to detect location and expression of wild-type and truncated HMGA2 using RNA in situ hybridization (RISH). The specific probes’ hybridization followed by a serial signal amplification process allows us to locate and quantify the HMGA2 isoforms in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from cancer patients. Several prostate tissue samples and a prostate cancer tissue microarray that includes 35 patients from different races, stages of cancer, and metastasis status was analyzed. Our results showed increased HMGA2 expression (both wild-type and truncated) in several prostate cancer samples with higher stage cancer. We also observed that most wild-type and truncated HMGA2 is located within the nucleus, while some wild-type isoforms were detected within the cytoplasm. We will further quantify the expression levels to examine whether they are associated with tumor stage and/or race. These studies are the first to examine HMGA2 isoform expression and localization in prostate patient tissue and may offer novel therapeutic intervention strategies based on HMGA2 isoform expression.
Citation Format: Bor-Jang Hwang, Mojisoluwa Awolowo, Taaliah Campbell, Ohuod Hawsawi, Sharon Harrison, Denise Gibbs, Camille Ragin, Valerie Odero-Marah. Detection of wild-type and truncated HMGA2 in prostate cancer tissues using RNA in situ hybridization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C017.
Abstract C043: Aberrant mRNA splice variants as novel prognostic biomarkers for tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance in African American prostate cancer
Authors: Ha Siyoung , Gujrati Himali , Wang Bi-Dar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
African Americans (AAs) have among the highest incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and mortality attributable to this disease, and AA PCa disparities remains a clinical challenge. Specifically, AAs are 1.6 times more likely to develop PCa, and 2.4 times more likely to die from this disease compared to European Americans (EAs). A number of studies have shown that higher mortality and recurrence rates of PCa in AA men were observed even after adjustment for socioeconomic factors, suggesting that intrinsic biological difference may account for part of the PCa disparities. Our recent genomic study has identified global splicing events as critical drivers for promoting AA and EA PCa disparities. In this study, we utilized population-specific cell lines as in-vitro AA and EA PCa models to evaluate the molecular functions of the aberrant splice variants involved in cancer aggressiveness and drug resistance. Comprehensive functional assays (such as MTT, apoptosis, invasion, kinase activity assays, and western blotting analysis in PCa cells treated with vehicle or small molecule drugs, etc.) were employed to elucidate the functional roles of an oncogenic splice variant, PIK3CD-S, in AA and EA PCa cells in response to drug treatments. Immunohistochemistry and RNAScope assays were performed to examine the expression profile of PIK3CD-L (full length) and PIK3CD-S variants in an independent PCa cohort derived from AA and EA patients. Higher PIK3CD-S/PIK3CD-L expression ratios were detected in AA PCa cell lines and patient specimens. In addition, the functional validations have indicated that the higher PIK3CD-S/PIK3CD-L expression ratio in AA PCa cells potentially contributes to the higher cell proliferative and invasive capacities. By targeting splicing mechanism and/or PI3K isoforms using specific small molecule inhibitors in AA and EA cell models, we further explored the functional mechanisms of these oncogenic splice variants underlying the drug resistance. In conclusion, our molecular mapping/validation and functional analysis suggest that high PIK3CD-S/PIK3CD-L expression profile may contribute to the PCa aggressiveness and treatment resistance in AA PCa, potentially serving as a precision prognostic biomarker and novel drug target in advanced PCa
Citation Format: Siyoung Ha, Himali Gujrati, Bi-Dar Wang. Aberrant mRNA splice variants as novel prognostic biomarkers for tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance in African American prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C043.
Abstract C069: Reducing liver cancer risk through dietary change: Positive results from a community-based educational initiative in three racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Tertulien Tamar , Kim Ellen J. , Lu Wenyue , Zhu Steven , Rubio-Torio Nathaly , González Evelyn , Fraser Marilyn A. , Yeh Ming-Chin , Zhu Lin , Ma Grace X. , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O. , Tan Yin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The existing body of literature suggests that modifiable lifestyle behaviors such as alcohol consumption and dietary behaviors were linked to viral hepatitis B/C and liver cancer. So far, most of the liver cancer awareness campaigns and behavioral interventions have focused on preventive behaviors such as screening, vaccination, and early diagnosis. Not enough efforts have been made to raise awareness of behavioral mechanism of liver cancer prevention, especially in the medically underserved populations. Methods: We used the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to implement an education initiative regarding the promotion of liver cancer among the African, Asian, and Hispanic populations within the Philadelphia metropolitan area and New York City. In this study, we used data from the pre-education surveys and follow-up assessments at 6 months post-education to assess the changes in dietary behaviors and alcohol consumption among participants. Results: The study sample includes 344 participants recruited through community-based organizations. The sample consists of 31 African Americans, 174 Asian Americans, and 139 Hispanic Americans. Among the African Americans participants, the consumption of scores such as fruits (2.710 to 3.581) and poultry (2.613 to 3.677) increased significantly, while vegetables and red meats decreased. In Asian Americans, the consumption of non-refined cereals (3.362 to 4.282), red meats (2.655 to 3.195), and dairy (2.851 to 3.701) products decreased. Lastly, among the Hispanic American participants poultry (2.173 to 3.554), dairy products (2.101 to 3.863), and olive oil (3.022 to 3.849) increased, as well as the consumption of alcohol. Conclusion: This community-based educational imitative generated different impacts in the three populations, further highlighting the needs for more targeted, culturally tailored efforts in health promotion among these underprivileged communities.
Citation Format: Tamar Tertulien, Ellen J. Kim, Wenyue Lu, Steven Zhu, Nathaly Rubio-Torio, Evelyn González, Marilyn A. Fraser, Ming-Chin Yeh, Lin Zhu, Grace X. Ma, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi, Yin Tan. Reducing liver cancer risk through dietary change: Positive results from a community-based educational initiative in three racial/ethnic groups [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C069.
Abstract IA023: Creating a single cell and spatial atlas of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer for African ancestry
Authors: Plummer Jasmine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The US Black population is composed of both US born Black and immigrant Black populations from the Caribbean and Africa. Normal tissues in Black individuals independent of their country of birth or residence is woefully understudied. Black individuals disproportionately develop aggressive pathologic diseases which are treatment refractory or resistant, leading to premature deaths. In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer in Black women in the US, most common non-viral driven cancer in women in Africa and the Caribbean. Black women develop this disease younger than other ancestral groups and have higher incidence of metaplastic and triple negative breast cancer - aggressive pathologies. Ovarian cancer is rare in US-born Black (USB) while in both West and East Africa and the Caribbean, ovarian cancer is more common with more serous pathologies and earlier onset. While the incidence of prostate cancer among Black men in the US is declining, it is increasing in the Caribbean and Africa. Black men disproportionately develop prostate cancer young, have strong family history of prostate cancer, develop aggressive pathologies that are usually refractory to standard of care therapies. With the African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) and Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, a single cell atlas of the cells of origin and tumors of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will be constructed from samples across West and East Africa, the Caribbean and the USA in Black individuals. Pairing this single cell atlas with spatial approaches, we hope to develop a benchmark to confidently measure and interpret ancestral genomic differences at the cellular level. In this session, we will discuss how we are using these approaches to look at the relationship between African ancestry, aggressive disease biology, early onset warrants us to study the tissue composition, the proportion of sub-populations that are thought to give rise to tumors and the interplay with germline genetics.
Citation Format: Jasmine Plummer. Creating a single cell and spatial atlas of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer for African ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA023.
Abstract IA038: Race and immune microenvironments in context of individual- and community-level covariates
Authors: Troester Melissa A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Black women and women with African Ancestry have higher frequency of aggressive breast cancer subtypes, namely triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) or Basal-like breast cancer, and often have tumors that show immunogenic features. Under a cells-to-society conceptual model of racialized breast cancer outcomes, differences in tumor biology and microenvironment interact with individual- and community-level variables so that differences in tumor biology reflect ancestry in combination with social determinants of health. Using data and biospecimens from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, we evaluated immune expression by gene expression analysis and by immunofluorescence and other spatial techniques. Our results show that Black women more frequently have immunogenic tumors with a robust adaptive immune response, in accordance with higher frequency of Basal-like breast cancers. Adaptive immune response was also associated with specific breast cancer genetic features, such as p53 status, and was associated with differential recurrence outcomes. Immunogenic tumors of Basal-like subtype were also associated with individual-level socioeconomic factors (education, income, prediagnostic health care utilization) and community-level socioeconomic factors (census tract-level poverty and disadvantage). These data suggest that while some biologically-targeted therapies may help narrow disparities in breast cancer outcomes among those diagnosed with breast cancer, individual- and community-level variables are also important and may help to identify intervention strategies for prevention of aggressive subtypes.
Citation Format: Melissa A. Troester. Race and immune microenvironments in context of individual- and community-level covariates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA038.
Abstract IA047: Adipokine and adipokine receptor expression in breast tumors: Associations with greater body fatness and more aggressive clinicopathologic features
Authors: Llanos Adana A.M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that underlie the relationship between adiposity and poorer breast cancer outcomes are not well understood but might be explained partly by the biological effects of the adipokines, adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and leptin (LEP), which are secreted by adipocytes, and their respective receptors (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, LEPR). Prior work has shown that circulating ADIPOQ and LEP are not well correlated with levels within histologically normal tissues, underscoring the need for research to characterize tissue-based and tumor-based adipokine and adipokine receptor expression and their relationship with cancer outcomes. There is a dearth of epidemiologic data on the relationship between body fatness and protein and gene expression of the adipokines and adipokine receptors. Furthermore, the relationship between protein and gene expression of the adipokines and adipokine receptors with cancer is also not well understood. This presentation will discuss recent findings from the Women’s Circle of Health Study supporting an association between increased body fatness – beyond body mass index (BMI) – and expression of the adipokines and adipokine receptors and between protein and gene expression of these markers with more aggressive breast tumor features. Clarification of the impact of adiposity-related adipokine and adipokine receptor expression in the breast tumor microenvironment on long-term breast cancer outcomes is a critical next step.
Citation Format: Adana A.M. Llanos. Adipokine and adipokine receptor expression in breast tumors: Associations with greater body fatness and more aggressive clinicopathologic features [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA047.
Context-Specific Determinants of the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Falcomatà Chiara , Bärthel Stefanie , Schneider Günter , Rad Roland , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Saur Dieter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmunotherapies have shown benefits across a range of human cancers, but not pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent evidence suggests that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes an important roadblock to their efficacy. The landscape of the TME differs substantially across PDAC subtypes, indicating context-specific principles of immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss how PDAC cells, the local TME, and systemic host and environmental factors drive immunosuppression in context. We argue that unraveling the mechanistic drivers of the context-specific modes of immunosuppression will open new possibilities to target PDAC more efficiently by using multimodal (immuno)therapeutic interventions.Significance:Immunosuppression is an almost universal hallmark of pancreatic cancer, although this tumor entity is highly heterogeneous across its different subtypes and phenotypes. Here, we provide evidence that the diverse TME of pancreatic cancer is a central executor of various different context-dependent modes of immunosuppression, and discuss key challenges and novel opportunities to uncover, functionalize, and target the central drivers and functional nodes of immunosuppression for therapeutic exploitation.
Convergence of Targeted and Immune Therapies for the Treatment of Oncogene-Driven Cancers
Authors: Cox Adrienne D. , Ting Jenny P.-Y. , Der Channing J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary:In this issue, Hattori and colleagues capitalized on targeted small-molecule covalent inhibitors of one KRAS mutant with a G12C substitution and of other oncoproteins to create drug–peptide conjugates that serve as cancer neoantigens that prompt an immune response to oncogene-mutant cancer cells. This immunotherapy strategy can serve as an effective approach to overcome the treatment-induced resistance that limits the effectiveness of essentially all small molecule–based targeted anticancer drugs.See related article by Hattori et al., p. 132 (9).
The Mediation Role of Perceived Benefits and Barriers in the Relationship Between Support Provided by Significant Others and Physical Activity of Adolescents
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe , Monteiro Diogo , Lopes Vítor P. 
Published: January 2023

We investigated whether the relationship between significant others’ social support and adolescents’ physical activity (PA) is mediated by perceived barriers and benefits of PA. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 497 adolescents (girls = 272, boys = 225) aged between 12-18 years ( M = 15.87, SD = 1.43) from six different middle and secondary schools. We collected data regarding social cognitive variables and PA with self-report measures and calculated the metabolic equivalent of total amount PA. We performed structural equation modeling and mediation analyses and found our proposed models fit the data. In girls, perceived PA benefits mediated the association between support provided by friends (β = .13; IC 95% = .02 .29), a best friend (β = .14; IC 95% = .03, .33), and parents (β = .07; IC 95% = .01, .18), and PA. Similarly in boys, perceived PA benefits partially mediated the association between support provided by parents (β = .09; IC 95% = .04, .37), friends (β = .11; IC 95% = .05, .40), and a best friend (β = .10; IC 95% = .05, .40) and PA. Perceived barriers to PA did not display any significant mediation role for either sex. Interventions to foster others’ support for PA, especially from a best friend, are important for promoting PA among adolescents.
Thermal efficiency of radiated tetra-hybrid nanofluid [(Al2O3-CuO-TiO2-Ag)/water]tetra under permeability effects over vertically aligned cylinder subject to magnetic field and combined convection
Authors: Adnan  , Abbas Waseem , Z. Bani-Fwaz Mutasem , Kenneth Asogwa Kanayo 
Published: January 2023

Applications The nanofluids and their upgraded version (ternary and tetra nanofluids) have a very rich thermal mechanism and convinced engineers and industrialist because of their dominant characteristics. These broadly use in chemical, applied thermal, mechanical engineering, and biotechnology. Particularly, heat transfer over a cylindrical surface is important in automobiles and heavy machinery. Purpose and Methodology Keeping in front the heat transfer applications, a model for Tetra-Composite Nanofluid [(Al2O3-CuO-TiO2-Ag)/water]tetra is developed over a vertically oriented cylinder in this study. The existing traditional model was modified with innovative effects of nonlinear thermal radiations, magnetic field, absorber surface of the cylinder, and effective thermophysical characteristics of tetra nanofluid. Then, a new heat transfer model was achieved successfully after performing some mathematical operations. Major Findings The mathematical analysis was performed via RK and determined the results graphically. The study gives suitable parametric ranges for high thermal efficiency and fluid movement. Applied magnetics forces were observed excellent to control the fluid motion, whereas curvature and buoyancy forces favor the motion. Thermal mechanism in Tetra nanofluid is dominant over ternary nanoliquid and nonlinear thermal radiations increased the heat transfer rate.
Wasp-stung rat model translationally expresses the coagulopathy manifestations of human wasp patients
Authors: Lai Dong , Tian Yan , Ji Chang-Fu , Zang Yuan , Fu Yaw-Syan , Weng Ching-Feng 
Published: January 2023

Two over 80 wasp stings male victims appeared severe abnormal coagulation were consecutively examined by thromboelastography (TEG) guided with heparinase during hospitalization. However, the cause of coagulopathy remains unsolved. Rats were applied to establish a wasp-stung animal model highly resembled the manifestations of wasp-stung patients. According body surface area conversion, Sprague-Dawley rats were stung based on wasp sting numbers (0, 4, 8, 12 stings; n = 6 each) with various exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6 h) to determine the simulation of coagulopathy. The blood R, K values, and angle degree of wasp-stung rats were measured by TEG. The TEG profiles of stung rats were found to be concomitant with that of wasp-stung patients. Data showed that the endogenous heparinization of rats was time-dependent. Compared to the TEG profile of eight stings given rat, the coagulation time of 2 mm clot formation at 3 h (R value) was longer than that at 0 h. The coagulation time was prolonged with increasing sting numbers when compared to the various stings at 1, 3, and 6 h exposed. Interestingly, there was observed the peak coagulation at 3 h of eight stings. The Ck-standard and Ck-heparinase at 3 h after 8 stings given were R: 9.6–4.4 min; K: 3.8–1.8 min; angle degree: 49.8–68.0, respectively. The original data of R, K values and angle degree in two wasp-stung victims were 11.7–13.6 min, 4.3–5.5 min, and 41.2-32.8° in CK-standard, respectively; whereas those of the CK-heparinase groups were 5.6–6.7 min, 2.4–2.5 min, and 59.5–58.8°, correspondingly. Conclusively, this massive wasp-stung animal model can be applied to the investigations of pathogenesis and provides a clinical strategy or guideline for clinical intervention.