bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Research Article: RESEED – the perceived impact of an enhanced usual care model of a novel, teacher‐led, task‐shifting initiative for child mental health
Authors: Ekhteraei Setareh , Vanderburg Juliana L. , Dukpa Choden , Giri Priscilla , Bhattarai Surekha , Thapa Arpana , Shrestha Catherine , Gaynes Bradley N. , Lamb Molly M. , Matergia Michael , Cruz Christina M. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundTask‐shifted, teacher‐led care may begin to bridge the child mental health care gap in low‐ and middle‐income countries by improving mental health literacy. We explore the perceived impact of RESEED (Responding to Students' Emotions through Education), an abbreviated version of Tealeaf (Teachers Leading the Frontlines).MethodsAfter classroom implementation of tools from a 3‐day training on child mental health and cognitive behavioral techniques in Darjeeling, India, 29 teachers participated in focus group discussions (FGDs).ResultsInductive content analyses of FGDs demonstrated RESEED's acceptability, positive overall impact, and barriers.ConclusionsStepped levels of teacher‐led care may support child mental health in resource‐limited settings through mental reframing.
Visceral adipose tissue and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tao Min , Zhou Guanghong , Liu Jing , He Miao , Wang Cong , Luo Xie , Zhang Lili 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveObservational studies have shown that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) can increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the causality of this association remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the causal association between VAT and NAFLD.DesignWe obtained single‐nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with VAT (n = 325,153) from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. Summary‐level data for NAFLD (2275 cases and 375,002 controls) was available from the FinnGen consortium. We applied two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine the causal association between VAT and NAFLD. The random‐effects inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main MR approach, with alternate methods including the weighted median (WM) approach and MR‐Egger regression. In addition, we conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of MR analyses.ResultsGenetically predicted higher VAT mass is causally associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. The three analysis results of MR were as follows: IVW (β = 0.665, odds ratio [OR] = 1.944, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.482–2.550, p = 1.58e−06], WM (β = 0.615, OR = 1.849, 95% CI = 1.272–2.689, p = 1.29e−03), and MR‐Egger (β = 1.250, OR = 3.490, 95% CI = 1.522–7.998, p = 3.52e−03). In the sensitivity analysis, the data showed heterogeneity (p < 0.05) but no pleiotropy (p = 0.145).ConclusionThis study provided genetic evidence that higher VAT mass causally associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. The amount of VAT could be reduced using a therapeutic strategy for managing NAFLD.
Child placement in the community: Socio‐religious challenges for Druze social workers in Israel
Authors: Natoor Maha , Zarka Hoda , Shoshana Avihu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article features insights from 15 Druze social workers in Israel regarding their experiences dealing with out‐of‐home placement for Druze children. The study reveals the distinct challenges faced by social workers in bridging professional and socio‐religious values and the caution with which they navigate a complex reality and strive to provide culturally appropriate interventions while facing limitations on their freedom of action. Socio‐religious characteristics of the Druze influence the interventions of social workers including the restriction on adoption and limited interaction between divorced partners. The process of removing a child from their home can be complex and challenging. This is often due to concerns regarding stigma and the strong desire within closely knit communities to preserve the family name and reputation. Moreover, most Druze social workers reside in Druze villages which can blur the line between personal and professional boundaries. This article underscores the importance of hearing the voices of minority therapists in order to promote culturally competent interventions in social work within the community.
Seventy questions of importance to the conservation of the North Central grasslands of the United States in a changing climate
Authors: Miller Hesed Christine D. , Yocum Heather M. , Cross Molly , Bamzai‐Dodson Aparna , Wheeler Ben , Beckmann Jon P. , Ahlering Marissa , Hall Kimberly R. , Boyd‐Valandra Emily , Mosher Danika , Miller Brian W. , Jaffe Sarah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSuccessful conservation of ecosystems in a changing climate requires actionable research that directly supports the rethinking and revising of management approaches to address changing risks and opportunities. As an important first step toward actionable research, we reviewed and synthesized grassland management‐related documents to identify broadly shared questions that, if answered, would help to support collective conservation of the grasslands in the northern Great Plains of the United States in a changing climate. A Management Priorities Working Group reviewed 183 grassland‐relevant management documents and identified 70 questions. Feedback was iteratively provided by a Climate and Ecology Working Group, an Advisory Committee, and representatives from grassland management agencies and organizations. The identified questions generally fall under 15 topics: land conversion; restoration; disturbance regimes; woody encroachment; herbaceous invasives; grazing; water quality, quantity, and availability; animal species; private land; public understanding; legal and policy changes; economic incentives; coordination across management entities; accessibility of science and tools; and novel ways of thinking. These questions can inform a research agenda for researchers looking to conduct actionable science in the Great Plains grassland ecosystems. Both the approach and the questions presented here can also be adapted and applied in other regions and ecosystems.
The diabetes management experiences questionnaire: Psychometric validation among adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hendrieckx Christel , Husin Hanafi M. , Russell‐Green Sienna , Halliday Jennifer A. , Lam Benjamin , Trawley Steven , McAuley Sybil A. , Bach Leon A. , Burt Morton G. , Cohen Neale D. , Colman Peter G. , Holmes‐Walker D. Jane , Jenkins Alicia J. , Lee Melissa H. , McCallum Roland W. , Stranks Steve N. , Sundararajan Vijaya , Jones Tim W. , O'Neal David N. , Speight Jane ,   for the Australian JDRF Closed‐Loop Research Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo examine the psychometric properties of the Diabetes Management Experiences Questionnaire (DME‐Q). Adapted from the validated Glucose Monitoring Experiences Questionnaire, the DME‐Q captures satisfaction with diabetes management irrespective of treatment modalities.MethodsThe DME‐Q was completed by adults with type 1 diabetes as part of a randomized controlled trial comparing hybrid closed loop (HCL) to standard therapy. Most psychometric properties were examined with pre‐randomization data (n = 149); responsiveness was examined using baseline and 26‐week follow‐up data (n = 120).ResultsPre‐randomization, participants' mean age was 44 ± 12 years, 52% were women. HbA1c was 61 ± 11 mmol/mol (7.8 ± 1.0%), diabetes duration was 24 ± 12 years and 47% used an insulin pump prior to the trial. A forced three‐factor analysis revealed three expected domains, that is, ‘Convenience’, ‘Effectiveness’ and ‘Intrusiveness’, and a forced one‐factor solution was also satisfactory. Internal consistency reliability was strong for the three subscales ( range = 0.74–0.84) and ‘Total satisfaction’  = 0.85). Convergent validity was demonstrated with moderate correlations between DME‐Q ‘Total satisfaction’ and diabetes distress (PAID: rs = −0.57) and treatment satisfaction (DTSQ; rs  = 0.58). Divergent validity was demonstrated with a weak correlation with prospective/retrospective memory (PRMQ: rs = −0.16 and − 0.13 respectively). Responsiveness was demonstrated, as participants randomized to HCL had higher ‘Effectiveness’ and ‘Total satisfaction’ scores than those randomized to standard therapy.ConclusionsThe 22‐item DME‐Q is a brief, acceptable, reliable measure with satisfactory structural and construct validity, which is responsive to intervention. The DME‐Q is likely to be useful for evaluation of new pharmaceutical agents and technologies in research and clinical settings.
Mound architecture and season affect concentrations of CO2, CH4 and N2O in nests of African fungus‐growing termites
Authors: Vesala Risto , Räsänen Matti , Leitner Sonja , Mulat Daniel Girma , Mwangala Lucas , Rikkinen Jouko , Arppe Laura 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Termites are a significant natural source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), but quantifying emissions especially from large termite mounds is problematic as they rarely fit in measurement chambers. Predicting fluxes based on internal and atmospheric concentrations could provide an indirect way to assess mound emissions, but developing such models necessitates better understanding of the concentration levels and their variance.
We used gas chromatography to measure carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations within nests of two co‐occurring species of fungus‐growing termites in both dry and wet seasons in Kenya, with termite Macrotermes michaelseni building mounds with a closed and Macrotermes subhyalinus with an open ventilation system.
Gas concentrations were 3–100 times higher in mounds than the global averages in atmosphere, implying that termite mounds are sources of all three GHGs. Carbon dioxide concentrations were higher in closed than in open mounds. Methane concentrations remained constant in open mounds, whereas closed mounds exhibited considerable variation between nests and across seasons. Concentrations of both CH4 and N2O correlated positively with mound volume during the wet season, whereas interactions with mound size were not observed in CO2 concentrations or during the driest sampling period.
These findings underline that among fungus‐growing termites, mound size, ventilation type and precipitation affect nest gas concentrations and with this likely the magnitude of mound GHG emissions. Potential reasons behind the observed relationships are discussed, including differences in population size, biomass of fungus gardens and CH4 oxidation.
Distinguishing skill levels with haptic simulation in restorative dentistry: Myth or reality?
Authors: Joseph David , Davril Jeanne , Mortier Éric , Martrette Jean‐Marc , Tran Nguyen , Corne Pascale , Vincent Marin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to validate that haptic simulator assistance could distinguish skill levels with haptic simulation in restorative dentistry.Materials and MethodsThis work was carried out with 93 first‐year, 87 third‐year and 44 fifth‐year dental students. The promotions of first‐ and fifth‐year dental students made one session to represent the negative and the positive controls, respectively. The third‐year dental students were the studied population. Whatever the group, the maximum time for each reparation was restricted to 3 min. All students have to perform the same three exercises. The third‐year dental students performed four sessions spread over the whole university year. For each test, the total score provided by the simulator was recorded and analysed.ResultsThe exercises are not discriminating in direct vision while the exercise in indirect vision is very interesting to distinguish the levels of the learners.ConclusionThe results underline that the exercises in indirect vision could distinguish different profiles of student having different preclinical and clinical levels, while making it possible to follow the acquisition of clinical competence.
Sustained selective attention to chromatic information enhances visuocortical gain at the population level
Authors: Panitz Christian , Keil Andreas , Müller Matthias M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrior work in selective attention research has shown that colour‐selective attention enhances neural activity in visuocortical areas sensitive to the attended colour while suppressing activity in areas sensitive to ignored colours. However, it is currently unclear whether this effect is limited to attending to specific colour hues or extends to chromatic information more broadly. To investigate this question, we used steady‐state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) frequency tagging to quantify participants' visuocortical responses to specific elements embedded in arrays of flickering, randomly moving mid‐complex patterns. Participants were instructed to attend to either coloured or greyscale patterns while ignoring the others. We found that attending to either coloured or greyscale patterns produced robust increases in ssVEP amplitudes both compared to ignored stimuli and to baseline. There was however no evidence of suppressed responses to ignored patterns. These findings demonstrate that attentional selection based on the presence or absence of chromatic information prompts selectively enhanced visuocortical processing but this selective amplification is not accompanied by suppression of unattended stimuli. Findings are consistent with theoretical notions that predict strong competition between specific exemplars within a given feature dimension, such as red or green, but weak competition between broadly defined stimulus categories, such as chromatic versus non‐chromatic.
Molecular insights into the lipid‐carbohydrates metabolism switch under the endurance effort in Arabian horses
Authors: Myćka Grzegorz , Ropka‐Molik Katarzyna , Cywińska Anna , Szmatoła Tomasz , Stefaniuk‐Szmukier Monika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that in Arabian horse muscle, long‐term exercise‐induced expression of genes related to fatty acid degradation and the downregulation of genes belonging to the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and insulin signalling pathways. Long‐lasting physical exertion may trigger the metabolism to switch the main energy source from carbohydrates to lipids due to higher caloric content.ObjectivesTo describe the metabolism adaptation at the whole transcriptome of blood to endurance effort in Arabian horses.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsVenous blood samples from 10 Arabian horses were taken before and after a 120 km long endurance ride to isolate the RNA and perform the high‐throughput NGS transcriptome sequencing.ResultsThe results, including KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) analyses, allowed us to describe the most significantly upregulated—ARV1, DGAT2, LIPE, APOA2, MOGAT1, MOGAT2, GYS1, GYS2 and downregulated—ACACA, ACACB, FADS1, FADS2 genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, the increased expression of RAF1, KRAS and NRAS genes involved in the Insulin pathway and PI3K–Akt was shown.Main limitationsLimited sample size, Arabians used for endurance racing were not compared to Arabians from other equestrian disciplines.ConclusionsThis general insight into the processes described supports the thesis of the lipid‐carbohydrates metabolism switch in endurance Arabian horses and provides the basis for further research.
Gastroscopic characterisation and prevalence of gastric ulcer syndrome in working mules in Colombia
Authors: Calixto‐Vega Lady C. , Martínez‐Aranzales José R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe existing literature does not contain information about the prevalence of gastric ulcers in mules, and on the potential associations between the presence of ulcers and work load, work type, diet, sex, age and body condition score (BCS).ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and factors associated with mule gastric ulcer syndrome (MGUS) and evaluate its distribution in both mule squamous gastric disease (MSGD) and mule glandular gastric disease (MGGD) mucosa in a population of mules in Colombia.Study designObservational, cross‐sectional.MethodsA total of 97 clinically healthy mules of different ages and locations in the province of Antioquia (Colombia) were included in this study. The mules were involved in agricultural activities (i.e., riding, pack and ranch mules) at the time of the study. The animals underwent gastroscopic evaluation, and ulcer scores from 0 to 4 were assigned based on severity, with scores ≥2 indicating clinical relevance. The presence or absence of ulcer in the squamous and/or glandular region of the stomach was recorded. Data related to work type, work load and diet, as well as sex, age and BCS were recorded for each mule. Pearson's chi‐square test was used to determine the association between the outcomes and explanatory variables of the study (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the risk estimations were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe frequency of MGUS in the study population was 42%. Most of the lesions were located in the squamous region of the stomach (27%), mainly in the margo plicatus, and 20% were located in the glandular region, mainly in the fundus and pyloric antrum. Six animals showed lesions in both squamous and glandular regions. Work load was the only variable associated with the presence of MGUS (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 0.49–0.96) and MSGD (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 0.36–0.67). Nevertheless, the findings did not provide any significant risk assessment result, nor did they reveal any significant interactions among the other variables.Main limitationsThis study used convenience sampling from a limited geographic region, and multivariate analysis was not performed, one of the exclusion criteria was the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, which means that the effect of these drugs can no longer be evaluated.ConclusionsMGUS occurs in mules subjected to agricultural work, the risk factors associated with EGUS do not appear to be significant in mules and other equids subjected to the same conditions, in this region. Further research is needed to define the differential dynamics of MGUS in comparison with the findings in horses.
Reproductive performance of a cohort of Standardbred mares under a commercial breeding system
Authors: Tanner Jasmine C. , Barrell Graham K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite being a large commercial breeding industry, there is little published data on the reproductive success of Standardbred mares.ObjectivesTo quantify the reproductive performance of Standardbred mares under artificial breeding systems in a commercial setting and determine the incidence of early embryonic and other pre‐partum losses.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsData from four commercial farms were collected across four breeding years, and all mares were bred via artificial insemination. A total of 3995 mares contributed 7229 mare years. First‐cycle pregnancy rate (FCPR) and end of season pregnancy rate (SPR) were analysed in mixed‐effects logistic regression models. Time‐to‐conception interval was analysed in a Cox regression model.ResultsThe mean FCPR was 61.4% (confidence interval [CI] 60.3%–62.6%), the mean end of SPR was 84.7% (CI 83.8–85.5%), the mean live foal rate (FR) was 73.1% (CI 72.1%–74.2%). Mares located on‐farm were more probable to be pregnant in terms of both FCPR (odds ratio [OR] 1.168, CI 1.018–1.340, p = 0.026) and SPR (OR 2.026, CI 1.673–2.454, p < 0.001), mares inseminated with thawed–frozen semen were less probable to be pregnant in terms of FCPR (OR 0.598, CI 0.457–0.783, p < 0.001) and SPR (OR 0.479, CI 0.354–0.647, p < 0.001) compared with insemination with fresh‐extended semen. Older mares (14 years and older) were less probable to be pregnant in terms of FCPR (OR 0.795, CI 0.688–0.919, p = 0.002) and SPR (0.435, CI 0.352–0.538, p < 0.001) compared with young mares (3‐ to 8‐year old).Main limitationsRetrospective data relied on accurate record keeping of stud farms and no mare‐treatment or ovulation induction records were available. Live FRs relied mostly on annual foaling returns so fetal/foal deaths may be underrepresented.ConclusionThis study provides substantial baseline data on reproductive performance for Standardbred mares managed under a commercial artificial breeding system.
Study of cyclic crack‐tip opening displacement of microstructurally small fatigue crack using digital image correlation
Authors: Tillikainen Ilari , Gallo Pasquale , Lehto Pauli , Remes Heikki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe current work investigates the relationship between the crack growth rate (CGR) and the cyclic crack‐tip opening displacement (ΔCTOD) of microstructurally small fatigue cracks by using high‐resolution digital image correlation (DIC). Load‐controlled fatigue tests were conducted on small‐scale specimens of 18%Cr body‐centered cubic ferritic stainless steel. Microstructurally small fatigue crack growth was analyzed based on accurate high sample‐rate measurements, starting from a sub‐grain crack length up to seven times the volume‐weighted grain size dv = 224 μm. Under these experimental conditions, the high‐resolution analyses reveal that variation from the otherwise linear relationship between CGR and ΔCTOD on double logarithmic scale is due to the crack‐tip bypassing an inhomogeneous shear strain localization zone. In this zone, ΔCTOD is not able to characterize the behavior of microstructurally small fatigue cracks. Outside the shear strain localization zone, ΔCTOD still is a valid crack driving force parameter.
Reasons for the dramatic loss ofLobelia dortmanna, a keystone plant species of softwater lakes in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Nielsen Sune Ringsing , Martinsen Kenneth Thorø , Pedersen Ole , Baastrup‐Spohr Lars 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLobelia dortmannais an iconic keystone species of northern softwater lakes in Europe as well as North America. It has suffered a dramatic decline in distribution in recent decades and the root causes are not well‐known, although elements such as eutrophication, acidification and brownification have been suggested as underlying reasons for the decline.In order to quantify the causes of change in the occurrence ofL. dortmannain Danish lakes, we firstly mapped the historical distribution of the species and secondly collected the available recent information on the presence ofL. dortmannaalong with data on environmental variables and plant community composition from the lakes. We identified 168 original Lobelia lakes of whichL. dortmannahad, by now, gone extinct in 48%. A subset of 80 lakes formed the backbone of this study owing to the availability of data related to environmental conditions and aquatic plant communities.Using piecewise structural equation models, we identified that only the mean height of the lake plant communities had a direct negative influence on the occurrence ofL. dortmanna. The expected adverse effects of eutrophication and alkalinity were all indirect, and funnelled through the trophic affinity of the plant community, which in turn influenced the mean plant height. Direct effects of eutrophication via shading from phytoplankton, acidification or brownification were not observed.We show that eutrophication, particularly in more alkaline water, is likely to have caused the dramatic decline in occurrence ofL. dortmanna, but our models indicated that the effect of eutrophication acted via interspecific competition from other larger rooted aquatic plants.Conservation efforts aimed at protecting small aquatic plant species should be prioritised in more alkaline lakes where such species are most at risk. Furthermore, managers should be aware of the threat of interspecific competition posed by larger aquatic plants on their smaller counterparts.