bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between a High Carbohydrate Diet and Oral Glucose
Tolerance Test in Pregnancy
Authors: Secen Elcin Islek , Desdicioglu Raziye , Ergun Gonca Turker , Usta Esin , Ozgu-Erdinc A. Seval 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to examine the impact of carbohydrate
ratios in the diet consumed one day prior to the 75-g oral glucose screening
test on both the screening test values and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes
mellitus in the unselective pregnant population.
Material-Method 83 pregnant women who were under observation in the
antenatal clinic of our hospital and underwent glucose tolerance tests were
included in the study. The patients were given training by a dietitian to keep
nutrition records of the day prior to glucose loading during their previous
visits before any glucose loading. A carbohydrate intake of
40–60% was considered as the normal range in terms of the
percentage of carbohydrates in the diet. A carbohydrate percentage above
60% was considered to be a high carbohydrate intake. The carbohydrate
percentages in their diet over the past 24 hours was compared with the
effect on the glucose tolerance test.
Results Out of the 83 pregnant women included in the study, 40 of them had
a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) prior to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),
and the average carbohydrate percentage of this diet was found to be
62%. The remaining 43 patients had an average carbohydrate percentage of
49% and belonged to the group that had a normal carbohydrate diet (NCD).
Out of the 83 pregnant women, 33 of them were at high risk for gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the high-risk patient group, 16 patients had an NCD
intake, while 17 patients had a HCD intake. It was determined that a high
carbohydrate diet had no significant effect on fasting, first-hour, and
second-hour glucose levels, as well as the diagnosis of gestational diabetes
mellitus (GDM), in both the unselective population and the high-risk patient
population.
Conclusion In our study, we concluded that the high carbohydrate ratios in
the diets of pregnant women one day prior did not affect the OGTT results or the
GDM ratios. This indicates that there is no need for a preparatory diet prior to
the OGTT in women with normal dietary habits.
Application of Jejunal Turnover and Bowel Plication Technique in Neonatal High Intestinal Atresia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Zhibo , Su Pengjun 
Published: August 2023

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of jejunal turnover and bowel plication (JTBP) in high jejunal atresia of neonates.
Materials and Methods The clinical data of neonates that met the criteria were retrospectively analyzed from January 2012 to December 2021. The neonates were divided into the JTBP group and control group according to the surgical procedure. Demographics, postoperative morphology of the duodenum and proximal jejunum, intestinal recovery time, and complications were compared.
Results A total of 75 patients were allocated to the JTBP (n = 30) and control (n = 45) groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gestational age, birth weight, age at surgery, the pathological classification, and concomitant disease. Upper gastrointestinal contrast study showed that the diameter of the proximal bowel of the anastomotic stoma was normal and the duodenum and proximal jejunum were in streamline shape in the JTBP group. While the duodenum was dilated, the shape of Trojan angle was classified into sharp angle and blunt round angle in the control group. The duration of total parenteral nutrition, postoperative oral feeding time, and oral feeding time of 40 mL/3 h were significantly different between the JTBP group and control group (sharp and blunt round type): 9.0 ± 3.5, 7.0 ± 2.1, and 11.0 ± 6.0 versus 16.9 ± 4.2, 14.0 ± 5.0, and 19.0 ± 7.4 versus 11.9 ± 8.3, 8.2 ± 3.9, and 15.8 ± 3.6 days (p < 0.05).
Conclusions JTBP for neonatal high jejunal atresia can significantly change the diameter of the proximal bowel and the course of duodenum jejunum flexure. Postoperative bowel movement was more in line with fluid dynamics, which was conducive to the recovery of the intestinal function and resulted in fewer complications.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Can Serve as a Functional Substitute for Grip Strength
Authors: Cantu Cade A. , Myhand Matthew , Hazime Alaa A. , Yedulla Nikhil R. , Day Charles S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Grip strength has traditionally been seen as an objective measurement of hand function, while the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity (PROMIS UE) has emerged recently as a common patient-reported outcome metric for similar purposes. The primary objective of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between grip strength, PROMIS UE, and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores in hand and upper extremity clinic patients.
Methods PROMIS UE, Pain Interference (PI), and Depression (D), as well as QuickDASH were prospectively administered to patients from July 16 to September 3, 2020. A grip strength ratio (GSR), calculated by dividing the grip strength of the injured hand by that of the noninjured hand, was recorded for each individual to control for personal differences in grip strength. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficients with the significance level at p < 0.05.
Results Fifty patients participated in this study. The median GSR was 0.55. QuickDASH demonstrated strong correlations with both PROMIS UE and PI (r(48) = –0.81, p < 0.05; r(48) = 0.86, p < 0.05). GSR correlated moderately with PROMIS UE (r(48) = 0.63, p < 0.05). Finally, GSR and QuickDASH also exhibited moderate correlation with each other (r(48) = –0.62, p < 0.05).
Conclusion PROMIS UE and QuickDASH are shown to correlate moderately with GSR. This suggests the PROMIS UE forms as an effective measure of hand/wrist function in hand clinic patients and may be substituted for grip strength measurements.
Individual variation and frequency change in Early Modern Spanish
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Based on a corpus of private correspondence written by twelve influential political and cultural figures in
eighteenth-century Spain, this article discusses several hypotheses about the role of individual variation in language change. The
study analyses five variables undergoing change in early modern Spanish and examines the idiolectal use of the traditional
variants. Several conclusions are drawn from the results. The first is that idiolectal patterns vary considerably from one
variable to another. Those variants that were clearly in the majority at the time or have undergone slower change processes are
more consistent with in-between profiles.
On the other hand, those variants that are more clearly declining or undergoing abrupt changes are represented by
more refractory patterns. Still, these profiles are not uniform, so a specific type of variation in one variant does not exclude
others. The results concerning the most decisive period in the configuration of the idiolectal distributions are less conclusive,
mainly due to the imbalances in the representativeness of the samples. However, among the variables better represented in the
corpus, the end of adolescence – set at 18 in this study – seems to be the most significant, in line with some well-known
hypotheses in the literature. Nevertheless, we have also detected a few cases of changes in adulthood. Finally, the data support
the dominance of stability in syntactic variation, suggesting that speakers change little once their idiolectal distributions have
been established. Even so, some longitudinal changes are found, albeit in a recurrent direction: the replacement of traditional
forms by alternative, more prestigious variants.
A multidimensional perspective on the acquisition of subject-verb dependencies by Haitian-Creole speaking children
Authors: Barrière Isabelle , Joseph Blandine , Aharodnik Katsiaryna , Kresh Sarah , Fleurio Guetjens Prince , Legendre Géraldine , Nazzi Thierry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present multidimensional study investigates the acquisition of pronominal subject-verb dependencies in Standard Haitian Creole (HC). A corpus analysis confirms that HC subject pronouns are phonological clitics in the target grammar and that their reduction is optional and unpredictable. The comprehension and production of dependencies involving these subject pronouns in 20 preschoolers acquiring HC as their first language were investigated. While the production of third person singular and plural subject pronounsl(i)andy(o)reveals early mastery of adult constraints on their phonological reductions, the systematic assignments ofl(i)to singular subjects vs.y(o)to plural subjects of the verb in the syntactic dependency emerge later, in both production and comprehension. The few syntactic contexts in which HC-learning children show evidence of comprehension involve full forms, rather than phonological reductions. Possible factors that explain these findings include the relative unpredictability of their forms and the linguistic status of HC pronouns.
Redshift Dependence of the Low-energy Spectral Index of Gamma-Ray Bursts Revisited
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Li , Huang Yong-Feng , Zou Ze-Cheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A negative correlation was found to exist between the low-energy spectral index and the redshift of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by Amati et al. It was later confirmed by Geng & Huang and Gruber et al., but the correlation was also found to be quite dispersive when the sample size was significantly expanded. In this study, we have established two even larger samples of GRBs to further examine the correlation. One of our samples consists of 316 GRBs detected by the Swift satellite, and the other one consists of 80 GRBs detected by the Fermi satellite. It is found that there is no correlation between the two parameters for the Swift sample, but there does exist a weak negative correlation for the Fermi sample. The correlation becomes even more significant when the spectral index at the peak flux is considered. It is argued that the absence of the correlation in the Swift sample may be due to the fact that Swift has a very narrow energy response so that it could not measure the low-energy spectral index accurately enough. Further studies based on even larger GRB samples are solicited.
3D printing critical materials for rechargeable batteries: from materials, design and optimization strategies to applications
Authors: Mu Yongbiao , Chu Youqi , Pan Lyuming , Wu Buke , Zou Lingfeng , He Jiafeng , Han Meisheng , Zhao Tianshou , Zeng Lin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, an additive manufacturing technique, is widely employed for the fabrication of various electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs), such as batteries and supercapacitors, ranging from nanoscale to macroscale. This technique offers excellent manufacturing flexibility, geometric designability, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Recent studies have focused on the utilization of 3D-printed critical materials for EESDs, which have demonstrated remarkable electrochemical performances, including high energy densities and rate capabilities, attributed to improved ion/electron transport abilities and fast kinetics. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing and discussing the recent advancements in the structural design and application of 3D-printed critical materials for EESDs, particularly rechargeable batteries. In this review, we primarily concentrate on the current progress in 3D printing (3DP) critical materials for emerging batteries. We commence by outlining the key characteristics of major 3DP methods employed for fabricating EESDs, encompassing design principles, materials selection, and optimization strategies. Subsequently, we summarize the recent advancements in 3D-printed critical materials (anode, cathode, electrolyte, separator, and current collector) for secondary batteries, including conventional Li-ion (LIBs), Na-ion (SIBs), K-ion (KIBs) batteries, as well as Li/Na/K/Zn metal batteries, Zn-air batteries, and Ni–Fe batteries. Within these sections, we discuss the 3DP precursor, designprinciples of 3D structures, and working mechanisms of the electrodes. Finally, we address the major challenges and potential applications in the development of 3D-printed critical materials for rechargeable batteries.
A comprehensive study of InGaAs based linearly graded channel DL-TFET and its single event transient effect
Authors: Sharma Monika , Narang Rakhi , Saxena Manoj , Gupta Mridula 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the DC, RF and single-event transient effect studies are carried out for investigating the performance and reliability of hetero-junction InGaAs DL-TFET having linearly graded channel region. The mole-fraction of source side In1−xGaxAs is varied for obtaining the higher ION i.e. obtained at x = 0.40; this also impact the RF simulation studies by increasing the gain-bandwidth product range to 52.4 GHz. To reduce Iambipolar, a step junction is introduced for first time in the channel region at channel-drain interface which reduces the Iambipolar by 93.27% to the magnitude of 0.867 μA μm−1. Further reduction in ambipolarity is achieved at TG = 3.9 eV to the level of 0.269 fA μm−1, ION increases to 0.558 mA μm−1, sub-threshold swing is 23.8 mV/decade and shows highest cut-off frequency upto 155 GHz. Hence, the optimized device structure is investigated under the influence of single-event transient; therefore, the effect of heavy ion is investigated on optimized linearly graded structure for different LETs’ (Linear energy transfer). It shows increase in the drain current and charge collected with increase in LET. The maximum IDS is 0.618 mA μm−1 in OFF state, and IDS of 0.819 mA μm−1 in ON state at VDS = 1.0 V, which is higher than its ION at 10 MeV.cm2/mg (i.e. 0.11 pC μm−1). By simulating heavy ion single event effect on different positions, it is found that channel-drain interface is more sensitive to irradiation. This gives an insight for radiation hardened applications in space for TFET based circuit designs.
Study of ultra-low specific on-resistance and high breakdown voltage SOI LDMOS based on electron accumulation effect
Authors: Lyu Haitao , Dai Hongli , Wang Luoxin , Hu Hongchao , Xue Yuming , Qian Tu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A novel stepped L-shaped trench gate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (LDMOS) with N-pillar (SLTGN-LDMOS) is proposed. SLTGN-LDMOS contains a highly doped N-pillar, assisting in reducing the specific on-resistance (R
on,sp). The stepped L-shaped trench gate (SLTG) attracts electrons to attach to the edge of the trench, thus directing more current to flow along the edge, which decreases R
on,sp effectively. Furthermore, new electric field peaks are generated on the surface of the drift region, thus increasing the breakdown voltage (BV). As a result, compared with the conventional structure (C-LDMOS), the BV of SLTGN-LDMOS increases from 63 V to 162.7 V, and the R
on,sp decreases from 1.85 mΩ·cm2 to 1.46 mΩ·cm2. Then, the figure of merit (FOM1, BV2 /R
on.sp) increases remarkably from 2.15 MW·cm−2 to 18.13 MW·cm−2. In addition, the maximum surface temperature of SLTGN-LDMOS is 395.3 K, slightly lower than the 398.7 K of C-LDMOS.
TranSyT, an innovative framework for identifying transport systems
Authors: Cunha Emanuel , Lagoa Davide , Faria José P , Liu Filipe , Henry Christopher S , Dias Oscar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMotivationThe importance and rate of development of genome-scale metabolic models have been growing for the last few years, increasing the demand for software solutions that automate several steps of this process. However, since TRIAGE’s release, software development for the automatic integration of transport reactions into models has stalled.ResultsHere, we present the Transport Systems Tracker (TranSyT). Unlike other transport systems annotation software, TranSyT does not rely on manual curation to expand its internal database, which is derived from highly curated records retrieved from the Transporters Classification Database and complemented with information from other data sources. TranSyT compiles information regarding transporter families and proteins, and derives reactions into its internal database, making it available for rapid annotation of complete genomes. All transport reactions have GPR associations and can be exported with identifiers from four different metabolite databases. TranSyT is currently available as a plugin for merlin v4.0 and an app for KBase.Availability and implementationTranSyT web service: https://transyt.bio.di.uminho.pt/; GitHub for the tool: https://github.com/BioSystemsUM/transyt; GitHub with examples and instructions to run TranSyT: https://github.com/ecunha1996/transyt_paper.
Domestication shapes the endophytic microbiome and metabolome ofSalicornia europaea
Authors: Ferreira Maria J , Sierra-Garcia I Natalia , Louvado António , Gomes Newton C M , Figueiredo Sandro , Patinha Carla , Pinto Diana C G A , Cremades Javier , Silva Helena , Cunha Ângela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsWe aim at understanding the effect of domestication on the endophytic microbiome and metabolome of Salicornia europaea and collecting evidence on the potential role of microbial populations and metabolites in the adaptation of plants to different ecological contexts (wild vs crops).Methods and resultsSamples were collected from a natural salt marsh (wild) and an intensive crop field (crop). High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) were used to analyze the endophytic bacterial communities and the metabolite profiles of S. europaea roots, respectively. The elemental analysis of the plant shoots was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS).Overall, significant differences were found between the microbiome of wild and cultivated plants. The later showed a higher relative abundance of the genera Erythrobacter, Rhodomicrobium, and Ilumatobacter than wild plants. The microbiome of wild plants was enriched in Marinobacter, Marixanthomonas, and Thalassospira. The metabolite profile of crop plants revealed higher amounts of saturated and non-saturated fatty acids and acylglycerols. In contrast, wild plants contained comparatively more carbohydrates and most macroelements (i.e. Na, K, Mg, and Ca).ConclusionsThere is a strong correlation between plant metabolites and the endosphere microbiome of S. europaea. In wild populations, plants were enriched in carbohydrates and the associated bacterial community was enriched in genes related to primary metabolic pathways such as nitrogen metabolism and carbon fixation. The endosphere microbiome of crop plants was predicted to have higher gene counts related to pathogenesis. Crop plants also exhibited higher amounts of azelaic acid, an indicator of exposure to phytopathogens.
Early Responses to Crown Modification of California Black Oak Sprouts Initiated by High-Severity Wildfire
Authors: Ritchie Martin , Berrill John-Pascal , Hammett Ethan , Long Jonathan W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hardwoods resprouting after wildfire or cutting develop as multistemmed clumps that gradually self-thin over time. There is increasing interest in thinning of sprouting species to accelerate the formation of tree characteristics important to indigenous cultural practices and wildlife such as large-diameter stems, large branches, broad crowns, and acorn production. We compared responses to three thinning treatments applied to black oak (Quercus kelloggii) resprouting after high-severity wildfire throughout northern California, USA. Basal area increment of the dominant stem was greatest after only one stem was retained, intermediate after three stems were retained, and lowest within unthinned oaks. Unwanted resprouting in response to the thinning was minimized by retaining three stems. Acorn production tended to increase as time elapsed since the fire (i.e., larger, older sprouts) but varied among sites and was noted as early as six years after fire at one site. More study is needed to test for the effects of thinning timing and intensity on the acceleration of acorn production as well as stem, branch, and crown size development over time.
A vast population of wandering and merging IMBHs at cosmic noon
Authors: Di Matteo Tiziana , Ni Yueying , Chen Nianyi , Croft Rupert , Bird Simeon , Pacucci Fabio , Ricarte Angelo , Tremmel Michael 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Massive black holes in the centres of galaxies today must have grown by several orders of magnitude from seed black holes formed at early times. Detecting a population of intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) can provide constraints on these elusive BH seeds. Here, we use the large volume cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Astrid, which includes IMBH seeds and dynamical friction to investigate the population of IMBH seeds. Dynamical friction is largely inefficient at sinking and merging seed IMBHs at high-z. This leads to an extensive population (several hundred per galaxy) of wandering IMBHs in large haloes at $z\sim 2$. A small fraction of these IMBHs are detectable as HLXs, Hyper Luminous X-ray sources. Importantly, at $z\sim 2$, IMBHs mergers produce the peak of GW events. We find close to a million GW events in Astrid between $z=\rm{2\!-\!3}$ involving seed IMBH mergers. These GW events (almost all detectable by LISA) at cosmic noon should provide strong constraints on IMBH seed models and their formation mechanisms. At the centre of massive galaxies, where the number of IMBHs can be as high as 10–100, SMBH-IMBH pairs can form. These Intermediate mass ratio inspirals (IMRIs) and extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), will require the next generation of milli-$\mu$Hz space-based GW interferometers to be detected. Large populations of IMBHs around massive black holes will probe their environments and MBH causal structure.
Nietzsche’s Healing Art of Transfiguration
Authors: van Tongeren Paul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nietzsche’s philosopher is a physician of culture. Gradually he discovers that he is part of that culture—and its illness. To recover from it, he develops an ‘art of transfiguration’. This notion is in play as early as The Birth of Tragedy (1872), taken from Rafael’s famous last painting and used to explain the healing power of Greek tragedy. Later on, he applies the concept to his own philosophy, which helps him recover from his suffering by discovering how closely his illness is tied to culture’s illness. He finally radicalizes the concept of transfiguration by elevating music as ‘an art of forgetting’ over painting and theatre as ‘arts before witnesses’. Visual arts reconcile us with reality through representation; music transforms our existence.
“Nueva refutación del tiempo” [A New Refutation of Time] and the Portrayal of an Ironic Fate
Authors: Martín Marina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
When the author was writing her PhD dissertation on David Hume at the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) in Madrid, back in 1981, she was unable to believe that a given literary production would shed so much light not just on Hume, but on the whole history of philosophy. It wasn’t until she came to the United States and plunged completely into Borges’s writings that she realized the magnitude of his erudition and philosophical competence. After completing her dissertation on Borges and Hume at the University of Virginia, she continued working on the scope and nature of Borges’s skepticism. Taking Kemp Smith’s interpretation of Hume (a critic cited in “Nueva refutación del tiempo” [A New Refutation of Time]), this chapter focuses on the role that both Hume’s skepticism and naturalism play in “Nueva refutación del tiempo,” a capital essay in Borges’s writings that should be fully viewed as a significant contribution in contemporary philosophy.