bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threat, voting and candidate support. The impact of mortality salience
Authors: Bäck Hanna , Carroll Royce , Knapton Holly , Renström Emma A. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionHow does threat motivate political choices? An extensive literature has noted the importance of threat in influencing political behavior. A growing literature in political psychology has used the concept of “mortality salience” to examine the role of existential threat in political decisions. Scholars have argued that inducing mortality salience by asking individuals to think about their own death should result in either reinforcement of their existing political worldview, a shift to a more politically conservative view, or support for a “status quo” option more generally.MethodsWe performed two survey experiments (N = 484 and 1514) manipulating mortality salience and candidate features (Exp. 2). Experiment 1 was performed one week before the 2016 US presidential election and utilized the varying features of the candidates. Experiment 2 manipulated features such as experience level (representing the status quo or change) and partisanship.ResultsWe find that mortality salience led to an increased likelihood of voting for Hillary Clinton, particularly for moderate and independent respondents. We also find that independent participants preferred the status quo candidate under mortality salience.DiscussionWe interpret the findings in both studies as supporting a connection between existential threat and preference for the status quo in psychological terms, at least for less partisan voters, rather than a conservative shift in ideological terms or a tendency to reinforce existing views.
5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine labeling: historical perspectives, factors influencing the detection, toxicity, and its implications in the neurogenesis
Authors: Martí-Clúa Joaquín 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The halopyrimidine 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is an exogenous marker of DNA synthesis. Since the introduction of monoclonal antibodies against BrdU, an increasing number of methodologies have been used for the immunodetection of this synthesized bromine-tagged base analogue into replicating DNA. BrdU labeling is widely used for identifying neuron precursors and following their fate during the embryonic, perinatal, and adult neurogenesis in a variety of vertebrate species including birds, reptiles, and mammals. Due to BrdU toxicity, its incorporation into replicating DNA presents adverse consequences on the generation, survival, and settled patterns of cells. This may lead to false results and misinterpretation in the identification of proliferative neuroblasts. In this review, I will indicate the detrimental effects of this nucleoside during the development of the central nervous system, as well as the reliability of BrdU labeling to detect proliferating neuroblasts. Moreover, it will show factors influencing BrdU immunodetection and the contribution of this nucleoside to the study of prenatal, perinatal, and adult neurogenesis. Human adult neurogenesis will also be discussed. It is my hope that this review serves as a reference for those researchers who focused on detecting cells that are in the synthetic phase of the cell cycle.
A review of the neurotransmitter system associated with cognitive function of the cerebellum in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Yuhu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the ‘dual syndrome hypothesis’ to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment, in which anterior and posterior brain systems are independent but partially overlap. The dopaminergic system acts on the anterior brain and is responsible for executive function, working memory, and planning. In contrast, the cholinergic system acts on the posterior brain and is responsible for semantic fluency and visuospatial function. Evidence from dopaminergic/cholinergic imaging or functional neuroimaging has shed significant insight relating to the involvement of the cerebellum in the cognitive process of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Previous research has reported evidence that the cerebellum receives both dopaminergic and cholinergic projections. However, whether these two neurotransmitter systems are associated with cognitive function has yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, the precise role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the cerebellar dopaminergic and cholinergic projections and their relationships with cognition, as reported by previous studies, and investigated the role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment, as determined by functional neuroimaging. Our findings will help us to understand the role of the cerebellum in the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
Leukemia cutis – A case of cutaneous manifestation of acute monoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mandal Ankita Pranab , Das Rhituparna , Sengupta Moumita , Chatterjee Uttara 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Leukemia cutis is a comprehensive terminology for dermal manifestations of any type of leukemia either with accompanied or antecedent blood or bone marrow involvement. Although both myeloid and lymphoid neoplastic leukocytes can infiltrate the skin, the frequency is higher among children with congenital myeloid leukemia. However, the underlying pathogenesis of dermal tropism is not yet established. Clinical manifestation varies regarding appearance, site, and numbers. Skin biopsy is essential for the early establishment of the diagnosis and to guide for further testing and categorical management. We report the case of acute myeloid leukemia-cutis in a 22-year-old female where cutaneous manifestation preceded the hematological diagnosis of systemic leukemia.
Lipid profiles and their relation to glycemic control in Saudi Arabia: The role of altitudes and environmental factor
Authors: Alqahtani Saif Aboud M. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The height from sea levels, environmental factors, human–environment interactions, and lifestyle significantly influence the lipid profile and glycemic control of a population.

Objective:
This study aims to explore the influence of altitude on lipid profiles and glycemic control among the Saudi population at sea level and high altitude.

Methods:
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a large dataset of patients of both gender and over 30 years old attending internal medicine clinics from two different regions at different heights from sea level, Jeddah (sea level) and Asir region (high altitudes) and referred to commercial laboratories for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipids profile.

Results:
Compared to the Asir region, the Jeddah region had significantly higher mean values for fasting blood sugar (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.05). Every 1 mg/dL increase in FBG results in a 0.662 mg/dL increase in TG from the Jeddah region. However, it was a 0.318 mg/dL increase in TG from the Asir region. HbA1c demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) strong positive correlation with TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and lipid ratio. FBG levels were also associated with a high level of TC/HDL-C (β = 0.137 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.21; P < 0.05), LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.31–1.49; P < 0.05), and TG/HDL-C (β = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.12–0.15; P < 0.05) in Jeddah region. However, significantly high blood pressure was observed in the population from high altitudes.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between lipid profile and glycemic control with high prevalence at sea level.
The effect of screen use on sleep quality among adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshoaibi Yara , Bafil Wejdan , Rahim Maheen 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Insufficient sleep associated with daytime sleepiness is predominant among the pediatric population and upsurges during adolescence. Prolonged screen use is theorized to harmfully disturb sleep through numerous pathways. Though, the connotation between media device use and poor sleep has been inadequately assessed due to the rapid development of these devices which has outdone research abilities.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the effect of screen use on sleep quality among adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-administered online questionnaire targeting all accessible Saudi adolescents in Riyadh. The final questionnaire was uploaded online using social media platforms by distributing at high schools and primary health care centers. The study questionnaire covered adolescent’s personal data, medical history, screen use including the type of used devices, duration of use per day and at bedtime, effect of using devices, and family and friends’ influence on using devices. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results:
A total of 324 adolescents fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Adolescents’ ages ranged from 16 to 19 years with a mean age of 17.5 ± 1.1 years old. Exact of 113 (34.9%), the study adolescents used screens for 6–8 hours on a daily basis, 111 (34.3%) use screens for more than 8 hours daily. A total of 154 (47.5%) of the study adolescents were good sleepers while 170 (52.5%) were poor sleepers.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the study revealed that adolescents in Riyadh had a high frequency rate and duration of screen use which may exceed 6 hours daily with nearly half of them with poor sleep quality, feeling fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and lack of concentration.
Family planning unmet need among women attending primary healthcare clinics in Western Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alselmi Adhari 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The gap between some women’s reproductive intention and their contraceptive behavior clearly poses a challenge to the ongoing family planning program. Unmet need has generated much interest, both among academics and policymakers over the years. This study aims to estimate the prevalence, subgroups, and reasons of unmet need for family planning among married Saudi women in Military Hospitals in Taif city.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was adopted in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. It included a random representative sample of married women in the childbearing age (18–49 years) who attended the Family Medicine center in Prince Mansour military hospital (n = 8 clinics), Family medicine clinics at Al-Hada Armed Forces hospital (n = 3 clinics), and Al-Razi center in Prince Sultan hospital throughout the study period (March–June, 2022), provided that they had at least one child. A self-created validated questionnaire in the Arabic language was used to collect data regarding socio-demographic variables, reproductive history, and contraceptive practice including reasons of either using or never using contraceptive methods.

Results:
Four hundred women participated in the study out of a targeted 431 with a response rate of 92.8%. The age of the participating women varied from 20 to 50 years (34.2 ± 7.5 years). Slightly less than half of the participant married women (48.5%) were contraceptive users. Spacing between children was mentioned by majority of those used/using contraceptives (82%), whereas limiting the number of children was mentioned by 9% of them. The commonest reported method of contraception used by women was oral contraceptive pills (58.3%), followed by intrauterine device (IUD) (41.6%). History of unintended pregnancy was reported by more than one-third of the participants (37%). Regarding contraceptive method used during unintended pregnancy, oral contraceptives (39.2%), safety period (21.6%), and condom (21.6) were the most frequent methods. Unmet contraceptive need prevalence was 49.9%. Unmet contraceptive need was significantly associated with husband’s educational level (P = 0.008), husband’s job (P = 0.011), family income (P = 0.001), age of marriage (<0.001), age of pregnancy (<0.001), number of pregnancy (<0.001), and parity (<0.001).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of unmet need of contraception use among women in Taif city is high. Husband-related factors were significantly associated with unmet contraception use.
Development, standardization, and contextualization of qualitative tools for possible use in the assessment and valuation of snakebite envenomation
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi , Raina Sunil Kumar , Gupta Rahul , Kumar Dinesh , Chauhan Raman , Chaudhary Ankit , Gupta Rajiv Kumar 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Snakebite envenoming, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is an important public health problem that is responsible for more than 1 lakh deaths annually across the world. However, the majority of the data in this regard is from health institutions and data from community settings are scarce. The aim of the current study was to develop valid and reliable qualitative tools for assessing the burden of snakebites and the health-seeking behavior of the community. The tools developed thus will serve in creating a community connection and thereby strengthen primary care teams engaged in managing snakebites at the primary care level.

Methods:
A four-step design was used; (a) review of the available literature on the burden of disease, tools used to assess the burden, and the guidelines on snakebite (b) development, laying out, and contextualization of questions/items for the tools (c) pilot testing and establishment of validity.

Results:
A focus group discussion guide, key informant interview schedule for health professionals, community leaders, and traditional faith healers were matured for the implementation.

Conclusion:
A reliable and valid qualitative tool was developed to discern the speculations related to snakebites and its management in rural field settings.
Problem of headache: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zakaria Ossama M. , Alsaleh Majd A. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To assess the medical students, interns, general practitioners, and family physicians’ perception of neurological and otolaryngeal causes of headaches.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, qualitative, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study took place. Five hundred and seventy-one senior medical students, interns, general practitioners (GPs), and family physicians from different geographical regions in Saudi Arabia were involved in the study. An online questionnaire is used to estimate the respondents’ knowledge regarding neurological and otolaryngeal causes of headaches. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:
Five hundred and seventy-one participants were involved in the study. They were 377 females and 194 males with a female-to-male ratio of 1.9:1. Most of them were medical students (69.9%). However, medical interns, general practitioners, and family physicians’ respondents were (17.3%), (7.5%), and (5.3%), respectively. They constituted different geographical regions of Saudi Arabia. An average level of knowledge about headaches was recorded in (55%) of the participants, while (42.7%) had a good level of knowledge about its etiologies.

Conclusions:
A considerable percentage of the current study population has average knowledge about neurological and otolaryngeal factors of headache. It is advocated that the current national medical curriculum be thoroughly reviewed and clear referral pathways must be established to have better management of these cases.
Effects of anticonvulsant drug on liver enzymes among children in a tribal state of India: A longitudinal study
Authors: Minz Pradeep , Oroan Asha , Kujur Anit , Paswan Dilip K. , Nag Alka R. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Epilepsy is a syndrome of various neurological disorders. Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity is a rare adverse effect associated with antiepileptic drugs (AED) therapy. Antiepileptic drugs may produce hepatic injury as part of a more widespread hypersensitivity reaction. Laboratory monitoring of asymptomatic effects may allow for the early detection of hepatotoxicity. So the present prospective longitudinal study was carried out to determine the effects of Anticonvulsant drug on liver enzymes among Epileptic Children.

Materials Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted among children with seizure disorder attending Paediatric outdoor patient Department of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi from February 2014 to October 2015. 50 children with newly diagnosed or untreated seizure disorder were included in case and 50 children of both sexes with same age group as cases were selected as control who did not have seizure. Children with age ranging from 2-10 years were included by consecutive sampling technique. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25(IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Paired t test was used to compare the mean values of liver enzymes amongst the children.”P-value” was considered to be non – significant if found ≥ 0.05 and significant if P-value was found to be <0.05.

Results:
In the present study there was no significant alteration of hepatic profile after treatment with valproate except serum alkaline phosphatase which was increased from the initial value than control group and was statistically significantly with P value of less than 0.05.

Conclusion:
We concluded that these Antiepileptic drugs are safe to use in children up to 1 year.
Comparative assessment of SARS CoV2-associated mortalities in 3 COVID waves and related risk factors: The South Kashmir’s experience
Authors: Gul Shujat , Ali Asifa , Sheikh Nawaz Ahmad , Gul Irfan , Sheikh Tariq Sultan , Prajjwal Priyadarshi 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have spurted in three major waves in India at different times and had different levels of severity in different waves. The objective of our study was to determine the comparative mortality rate in three COVID-19 waves and determine the factors associated with mortality.

Methods:
We identified a cohort of 1,132 COVID-19 patients who were admitted between April 14, 2020 and February 08, 2022 at our center. All the admitted patients with positive COVID–polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. Sample characteristics were determined by screening age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, symptomatology of COVID, patient status on admission, baseline investigations, comorbidities, medical history, oxygen dosage needed during admission, the span of hospital stay, diagnosis, and vitals such as blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation. All the data were procured from an institutional database.

Results:
In total, 1,132 patients included in the study, the mean age was 65.08 ± 12.29 and 56% were males. The affliction rate was 42.13% in >60 years, 29.5% in 46-60 years, 20.8% in 31-45 years, and 7.4% in 30 years’ group. In the first, second, and third waves of COVID-19, the mortality rates were 13.21%, 23.53%, and 11.39%, respectively. Among the comorbidities, mortality rates were proportionately higher in those with hypertension (6.7%), and diabetes (5.5%), than those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (3.3%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1.5%), heart disease (1.6%), and malignancy (0.2%).

Conclusion:
We identify the peaked mortalities in the second encounter which was predicted by age, comorbidities such as hypertension, and diabetes.
Are we missing the silver lining of COVID-19 pandemic: An analytical study to determine effects of three COVID-19 peaks on antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Authors: Goyal Nisha , Saini Vikas , Gangar Seema , Mohapatra Subhashree , Singh Narendra Pal , Saha Rumpa 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Given the evolving nature of COVID-19, for better understanding of its effect on antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), it becomes crucial that we follow the resistance patterns across different surges of COVID-19 cases.

Methods:
This prospective surveillance study extended over two years from January 2020-March 2022 and was conducted in a healthcare center of North India. Susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus during January-March 2020 were considered as prepandemic patterns. Processing of clinical specimens, identification of S. aureus, and in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed in accordance with standard microbiological testing procedures and Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.

Results:
Lowest prevalence (38.9%) of Methicillinresistant S. aureus was reported during January-March 2021 and July-September 2021. More than 50% S. aureus isolates were susceptible to linezolid, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, and gentamicin in January-March 2020. In January-March 2021, ≥50% of S. aureus isolates from clinical specimens were additionally susceptible to clindamycin and erythromycin. Antibiotic agents of linezolid, tetracycline, clindamycin, and cotrimoxazole were susceptible in ≥50% of S. aureus isolates in January-March 2022.

Conclusions:
This study reveals a sharp decline in overall resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotic agents for S. aureus isolates after first peak of COVID-19 cases. However, same trend was not observed in subsequent peaks and probably we are approaching the same resistance levels that were seen prior to COVID-19 pandemic.
Prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes toward herbal medicines among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Prince Mansour Military Hospital in Taif
Authors: Alkhaldi Dhelal M. , Alkhammash Sawsan S. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Using of herbs is very common among pregnant women to treat the symptoms related to pregnancy as most people believe that herbs are safer than the medical drugs. This study aims to explore the prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes toward herbal medicines among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was applied at Prince Mansour Military Hospital in Taif city. It included a random sample of Saudi pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic. Arabic language self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. It included the personal data, herbal medicines use during pregnancy, and pregnant beliefs about use of herbal medicines and conventional medications.

Results:
The study included 222 pregnant women. Their age ranged between 19 and 45 years with a mean of 30.15 and standard deviation of 5.51 years. About 15.3% of the participants never visited the antenatal clinics before while 56.8% of them visited them three times or more. The prevalence of using herbal medicines during pregnancy was 32.9%. The main source for obtaining herbal medicines was herbal shops (53.4%). Herbal medicines were self-used by majority of the pregnant women during pregnancy (82.2%). There was a statistically significant association between frequency of antenatal care visits and using of herbal medicines during pregnancy, P = 0.030. Majority of the women believed that most herbal medicines are natural (86%), most Western medicines are unsafe for them (74.8%) and their babies (75.2%) during pregnancy as well as herbals are beneficial if recommended by doctor (71.2%).

Conclusion:
Herbal medicines use during pregnancy is a common practice among women in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Less frequent ANC visits was associated with high probability of herbal medicine use during pregnancy. Majority of pregnant women agreed that herbals are beneficial if recommended by doctor.