bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Polycaprolactone‐Graphene Oxide Composites for 3D Printing Bone Scaffolds
Authors: Sahafnejad‐Mohammadi Iman , Rahmati Sadegh , Najmoddin Najmeh , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBone shows a radial gradient architecture with the exterior densified cortical bone and the interior porous cancellous bone. However, previous studies presented uniform designs for bone scaffolds that do not mimic natural bone's gradient structure. Hence, mimicking native bone structures is still challenging in bone tissue engineering. In this study, a novel biomimetic bone scaffold with Haversian channels is designed, which approximates mimicking the native bone structure. Also, the influence of adding graphene oxide (GO) to polycaprolactone (PCL)‐based scaffolds are investigated by preparing PCL/GO composite ink containing 0.25% and 0.75% GO and then 3D printing scaffolds by an extrusion‐based machine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used for morphological analysis. SEM reveals good printability and interconnected pore structure. The contact angle test shows that wettability reinforces with the increase of GO content. The mechanical behavior of the scaffolds under compression is examined numerically and experimentally. The results indicate that incorporation of GO can affect bone scaffolds' Young's modulus and von Mises stress distribution. Moreover, the biodegradation rates accelerate in the PCL/GO scaffolds. Biological characterizations, such as cell growth, viability, and attachment, are performed utilizing osteoblast cells. Compared to pure PCL, an enhancement is observed in cell viability in the PCL/GO scaffolds.
Rapid detection and identification of rocks and minerals by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Junzhe , Zhou Wentao , Zhu Junyi , Zhang Yijing , Liu Yuzhu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn geological exploration, it is necessary to analyze the geological history according to the rock types. But in places for people to reach, sample collection, and transportation is a costly task. At present, the remote intelligent detection of rock types needs to be further developed. In this study, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a sensitive optical technique that can rapidly analyze various elements, is applied to real‐time detection and analysis of rock types. Representative rock samples and minerals are selected for spectral analysis and machine learning. The characteristic spectral lines of Ca, Al, Mg, Ti, Si, Na, Fe, K, and Li were observed in the spectra. By comparing the spectra of different samples, the differences among them were discussed. First, principal component analysis (PCA) is used for dimensionality reduction. With the help of PCA, the data are distributed in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional space and different kinds of rocks and minerals are classified successfully. Then, combined with error back propagation training artificial neural network, the rock and mineral identification model was established, and the recognition rate can reach 100%. The results show that LIBS is a powerful tool for remote intelligent real‐time rock detection and classification, and has great application prospects in the exploration of extraterrestrial objects including planets, satellites and asteroids in the future.
Scrambled eggs—Negative impacts of heat stress and chemical exposures on ovarian function in swine
Authors: González‐Alvarez M. Estefanía , Roach Crystal M. , Keating Aileen F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExposure to environmental toxicants and hyperthermia can hamper reproduction in female mammals including swine. Phenotypic manifestations include poor quality oocytes, endocrine disruption, infertility, lengthened time to conceive, pregnancy loss, and embryonic defects. The ovary has the capacity for toxicant biotransformation, regulated in part by the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase signaling pathway. The impacts of exposure to mycotoxins and pesticides on swine reproduction and the potential for an emerging chemical class of concern, the per‐ and polyfluoroalkylated substances, to hamper porcine reproduction are reviewed. The negative impairments of heat stress (HS) on swine reproductive outcomes are also described and the cumulative effect of environmental exposures, such as HS, when present in conjunction with a toxicant is considered.
Local host response of commercially available dural patches for fetal repair of spina bifida aperta in rabbit model
Authors: Kunpalin Yada , Vergote Simen , Joyeux Luc , Telli Onur , David Anna L. , Belfort Michael , De Coppi Paolo , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveFetal surgery for spina bifida aperta (SBA) by open hysterotomy typically repairs anatomical native tissue in layers. Increasingly, fetoscopic repair is performed using a dural patch followed by skin closure. We studied the host response to selected commercially available patches currently being used in a fetal rabbit model for spina bifida repair.MethodsSBA was surgically induced at 23–24 days of gestation (term = 31 days). Fetal rabbits were assigned to unrepaired (SBA group), or immediate repair with Duragen™ or Durepair™. Non‐operated littermates served as normal controls. At term, spinal cords underwent immunohistochemical staining including Nissl and glial fibrillary acidic protein. We hypothesized that spinal cord coverage with a dural patch and skin closure would preserve motor neuron density within the non‐inferiority limit of 201.65 cells/mm2 and reduce inflammation compared to unrepaired SBA fetuses.ResultsMotor neuron density assessed by Nissl staining was conserved both by Duragen (n = 6, 89.5; 95% CI −158.3 to −20.6) and Durepair (n = 6, 37.0; 95% CI −132.6 to −58.5), whereas density of GFAP‐positive cells to quantify inflammation was lower than in unrepaired SBA‐fetuses (SBA 2366.0 ± 669.7 cells/mm2 vs. Duragen 1274.0 ± 157.2 cells/mm2; p = 0.0002, Durepair 1069.0 ± 270.7 cells/mm2; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsCovering the rabbit spinal cord with either Duragen or Durepair followed by skin closure preserves motor neuron density and reduces the inflammatory response.
Mediating role of self‐efficacy between unmet needs and quality of life in palliative cancer caregivers
Authors: Cheng Hui‐Lin , Leung Doris Yin Ping , Ko Po Shan , Lam Wai Man , Lam Po Tin , Luk Andrew Leung , Chung Ming Wai , Lam Simon Ching 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough unmet support needs are associated with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in cancer caregivers, little is known about the mechanism underlying the relationship between two variables. The self‐efficacy (SE) theory and literature suggest that caregiving SE is important in the perception of and reaction to caregiving demands, which in turn affects HRQOL. The aim of this study was to examine whether caregiving SE mediates the relationship between unmet support needs and HRQOL in family caregivers of palliative cancer patients.MethodsThis secondary analysis used the data from 125 family caregivers of palliative cancer patients who were recruited from two public hospitals in Hong Kong. The caregivers completed a survey questionnaire that covered socio‐demographic characteristics, unmet support needs, caregiving SE, and HRQOL. Parallel mediation analyses were conducted via SPSS PROCESS macro (Model 4) to test the hypothesized models.ResultsThe direct effect of unmet support needs on mental HRQOL was significant (effect = −0.49, 95% CI = −0.06 to −0.92). For the indirect effect, only caregiving SE in the domain of ‘care for the care recipient’ mediated the relationship between unmet support needs and mental HRQOL (effect = −0.32, 95% CI = −0.08 to −0.59).ConclusionThe findings suggest that caregiving SE may function as a mechanism through which unmet support needs influence mental HRQOL in family caregivers of palliative cancer patients. Healthcare providers should consider developing supportive care interventions to improve caregivers' HRQOL by incorporating effective strategies to enhance SE and reduce unmet needs for this population.
Myricetin alleviated immunologic contact urticaria and mast cell degranulation via the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Hu Shiting , Zhang Yonghui , Dang Baowen , Wang Yuejing , Zheng Guodong , Zhang Tao , An Hongli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmunologic contact urticaria (ICU) is characterized by the wheal and flare reaction from direct contact with a chemical or protein agent, which involves a type I hypersensitivity mediated by allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). Myricetin (Myr), a bioactive flavonoid, exhibits antiinflammatory activities. Our results showed that treatment with Myr could alleviate ICU symptoms, including a decrease in the number of wheals and scratching, and inhibit ear swelling in the IgE/DNFB‐induced mice. The serum level of IgE, histamine, interleukin (IL)‐4, TNF‐α, and MCP‐1 were reduced in Myr‐treated mice. Myr also attenuated mast cells (MCs) degranulation and H‐PGDS, TSLP, IL‐33, PI3K, Akt, and NF‐κB mRNA levels in ICU model. The IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis mouse models demonstrated anti‐allergic effects of Myr. In vitro analysis showed that Myr reduced IgE‐induced calcium (Ca2+) influx, suppressed degranulation, and chemokine release in LAD2 cells (human primary mast cells). Myr can significantly inhibited PLCγ1, Akt, NF‐κB, and p38 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that Myr alleviate ICU symptoms and inhibit mast cell activation via PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signal pathway.
Impacts of small dams on the phytoplankton and invertebrates in an Amazonian river
Authors: Arcifa Marlene Sofia , Coelho Paula Nunes , da Silva Lúcia Helena Sampaio , Righi‐Cavallaro Karina Ocampo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe construction of small hydroelectric plants (SHPs) has increased greatly worldwide, and the impacts of these impoundments can cause changes in the aquatic biota. Here, we investigated the ecological attributes (abundance, richness, and species diversity) of three communities (phytoplankton, invertebrates in the water column, and benthos) and the functional groups of phytoplankton, before and after the construction of five SHPs in an Amazonian river. The communities were sampled at two sites, one upstream and another downstream of each dam or construction site, before the dam closure. The dam did not change the limnological factors, and the acid waters and low electrical conductivity, typical of “cerrado” rivers, were characteristic of both the pre‐ and post‐dam phases. For aquatic communities, the phytoplankton abundance increased and the diversity of groups decreased in the post‐dam phase. Regarding the morphology‐based functional groups (MBFG), there was an increase in groups I (small algae with a high surface/volume ratio) and V (phytoflagellates), with a reduction in groups VI (diatoms) and VII (large mucilaginous colonies) in the post‐dam phase. The relative abundance of zooplankton species increased in the post‐dam phase, and the opposite was observed for the benthic community, with reductions in abundance, richness, and group diversity in the post‐dam phase. The structure of the three communities differed between the pre‐ and post‐dam phases, but no difference in communities' similarity was observed between the upstream and downstream sites in both phases. The results show that the change in hydrodynamics, from lotic to semi‐lentic, in the reservoirs of the SHPs, was the main driving force for the alterations in the three communities. For phytoplankton, SHPs are favorable in the sense of decreasing the incidence of algal blooms, particularly of cyanobacteria.
The Materials and Application of Artificial Light Harvesting System Based on Supramolecular Self‐assembly
Authors: Jiahong Liu , Jialu Sun , Chenhui Pan , Guoze Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSupramolecular self‐assembly is the process of forming aggregates with a certain microscopic arrangement by using intermolecular interactions to join. Due to the dynamic controllability of supramolecular systems, many supramolecular systems with different functions can be precisely constructed through the design and modification of molecules. The world is now facing a crisis caused by energy problems, and the use of solar energy, especially how to achieve efficient collection of light energy like photosynthesis in nature, has become a challenge. Scientists have come up with the idea of using the tunable nature of supramolecular structure and function to construct artificial light harvesting systems, and have developed a series of ALHS based on this. Currently, ALHS have been applied to imaging, sensors, photoelectric conversion and molecular recognition, laying the foundation for the development and efficient use of light energy. This paper will review the mechanism and method of constructing ALHS based on Supramolecular Self‐assembly, the current hot materials for constructing ALHS and their characteristics, as well as the prospects and applications.
Voltage Mediated Enhances Lithium‐Ion Storage in LiTiOPO4‐y with Oxygen Vacancy
Authors: Gu Xiujuan , Cai Yanjun , Yao Xiang , Tian Hualing , Su Zhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe oxygen vacancy modulated LiTiOPO4‐y was synthesized by simple hydrothermal and high‐temperature solid‐phase methods. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) test data analyses reveal that the density of oxygen defects in LiTiOPO4‐y can be affected by the hydrothermal reaction time. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) showed signal peaks at g=2.003, which proved that oxygen defects were generated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further demonstrated that oxygen defects exist in LiTiOPO4‐y, which led to the partial conversion of Ti4+ to Ti3+. The capacity of LiTiOPO4 was limited (less than 161 mAh g−1) by cycling potential range (0.5–3.0 V). The oxygen‐deficient LiTiOPO4‐y was used to enhance lithium‐ion storage performance by mediating voltage from 0.01 to 3.0 V. The initial capacity of oxygen‐deficient LiTiOPO4‐y, which was synthesized after hydrothermal treatment for 18 h, with an exposed (121) face, reached 563.5 mAh g−1 at the current density of 500 mA g−1. After 1500 cycles, the specific discharge capacity kept at 397.2 mAh g−1. In the oxygen‐defective LiTiOPO4‐y, multiple coordination unsaturated sites are exposed, which can not only significantly enhance ion diffusion and charge transfer, but also promote Li+ to more storage sites.
Some Thiocyanate Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Bioactivity and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Israfilova Zubeyda , Taslimi Parham , Gülçin İlhami , Abdullayev Yusif , Farzaliyev Vagif , Karaman Muhammet , Sujayev Afsun , Alwasel Saleh H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the synthesis of some thiocyanate containing heterocyclic compounds. Theoretical calculations are conducted to genergate a mechanism for substituting chloride with thiocyanate in 2‐(chloromethyl)aziridine derivatives, which result in formation of thiocyanate‐based aziridine derivatives. Computations reveal that the two similar reactions have a different reaction profile, namely E1 formation is endergonic (+32.8 kcal/mol) while the E2 formation is exergonic (−62.8 kcal/mol). All heterocyclic molecules were determined for human carbonic anhydrase I, II (hCAs I and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and α‐glycosidase inhibitory abilities. Results indicated that all the synthetic compounds exhibited potent inhibitory abilities against all targets as compared to the standard inhibitors, revealed by IC50 values. Ki values of novel group E1–E3 for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and α‐glycosidase enzymes were obtained in the ranges 4.08‐15.04, 12.51–24.37, 52.07–81.21 and 1076.38–1287.55 μM, respectively. Molecular modeling results have shown that the most active molecules have binding affinity with −6.204, −4.423, −6.298, and −6.623 kcal/mol against hCA II, hCA I, α‐glycosidase, and AChE enzymes, respectively. Thiocyanate moiety specifically inhibited hCA I and hCA II enzymes. CA inhibitors have the ability to dilate retinal capillaries and suppress capillary blockage.
Synthesis, Docking Study, and Biological Evaluation of 2‐Phenylchroman‐4‐one Derivatives as Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) Inhibitors
Authors: Talebi Meysam , Boumi Shahin , Nezamtaheri Maryam Sadat , Sarmad Yeganeh , Hosseini Faezeh Sadat , Delphi Ladan , Goliaei Bahram , Amini Mohsen , Amanlou Massoud 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInhibiting the interaction between the p53 tumor suppressor and its negative regulator murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a promising therapeutic opportunity in cancer drug research. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and in vitro screening of phenyl chroman‐based derivatives 7 a–l as MDM2 inhibitors. Among target compounds, 7 e, 7 h, and 7 j had considerable cytotoxicity activity at concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM against MCF7 and HCT‐116 cell lines. Designed compounds that demonstrated good toxicity, were selected for enzyme inhibition assay. The most potent MDM2 inhibitor in this series is compound 7 h, which showed a Ki value of 13.66 μM. Moreover, compound 7 h with acceptable safety profiles in normal cells was found the least effective compound against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, cell cycle analysis was also investigated for representative compound 7 h. Also, the docking study was done to predict the possible interaction between the synthesized compound and both MDM2 and murine double minute x (MDMX) proteins. Interestingly, the docking results were in good agreement with the experimental assay.
A One‐Step Synthesis of Dispersed Bismuth Orthogermanate Powder and its Performance for Alpha‐ and Gamma‐Radiation Detection
Authors: Veselova Varvara O. , Gajtko Olga M. , Volodin Vsevolod D. , Shafranov Mark A. , Egorysheva Anna V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBismuth orthogermanate Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) powder with morphology suitable for production of cheap new generation detectors was obtained in a one‐step room temperature co‐precipitation process. The influence of synthesis parameters on the phase composition and morphology of the product was systematically studied via powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. The obtained BGO powder was shown to have ∼50 % decreased flash time compared to a single crystal in the case of both α‐ and γ‐produced scintillation. For α‐produced scintillation share of the slow luminescent component decreased from 35 to 10 %, too. Such improved spectral‐kinetic characteristics provide better time and space detectors resolution and allows one to reduce radiation exposure for tomography patients.
Word Embeddings for Fake Malware Generation
Authors: Tran Quang Duy , Di Troia Fabio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSignature and anomaly-based techniques are the fundamental methods to detect malware. However, in recent years this type of threat has advanced to become more complex and sophisticated, making these techniques less effective. For this reason, researchers have resorted to state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to combat the threat of information security. Nevertheless, despite the integration of the machine learning models, there is still a shortage of data in training that prevents these models from performing at their peak. In the past, generative models have been found to be highly effective at generating image-like data that are similar to the actual data distribution. In this paper, we leverage the knowledge of generative modeling on opcode sequences and aim to generate malware samples by taking advantage of the contextualized embeddings from BERT. We obtained promising results when differentiating between real and generated samples. We observe that generated malware has such similar characteristics to actual malware that the classifiers are having difficulty in distinguishing between the two, in which the classifiers falsely identify the generated malware as actual malware almost $$90\%$$ of the time.
A Blockchain-Based Tamper-Resistant Logging Framework
Authors: Austin Thomas H. , Di Troia Fabio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince its introduction in Bitcoin, the blockchain has proven to be a versatile data structure. In its role as an immutable ledger, it has grown beyond its initial use in financial transactions to be used in recording a wide variety of other useful information.In this paper, we explore the application of the blockchain outside of its traditional decentralized, financial domain. We show how, even with only a single “mining” node, a proof-of-work blockchain can be the cornerstone of a tamper resistant logging framework. By attaching a proof-of-work to blocks of logging messages, we make it increasingly difficult for an attacker to modify those logs even after totally compromising the system. Furthermore, we discuss various strategies an attacker might take to modify the logs without detection and show how effective those evasion techniques are against statistical analysis.
Precise predictions for V + 2 jet backgrounds in searches for invisible Higgs decays
Authors: Lindert J. M. , Pozzorini S. , Schönherr M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present next-to-leading order QCD and electroweak (EW) theory predictions for V + 2 jet production, with V = Z, W±, considering both the QCD and EW production modes and their interference. We focus on phase-space regions where V + 2 jet production is dominated by vector-boson fusion, and where these processes yield the dominant irreducible backgrounds in searches for invisible Higgs boson decays. Predictions at parton level are provided together with detailed prescriptions for their implementation in experimental analyses based on the reweighting of Monte Carlo samples. The key idea is that, exploiting accurate data for W + 2 jet production in combination with a theory-driven extrapolation to the Z + 2 jet process can lead to a determination of the irreducible background at the few-percent level. Particular attention is devoted to the estimate of the residual theoretical uncertainties due to unknown higher-order QCD and EW effects and their correlation between the different V + 2 jet processes, which is key to improve the sensitivity to invisible Higgs decays.
The Coburn Lemma and the Hartman–Wintner–Simonenko Theorem for Toeplitz Operators on Abstract Hardy Spaces
Authors: Karlovych Oleksiy , Shargorodsky Eugene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLet X be a Banach function space on the unit circle $${\mathbb {T}}$$
T
, let $$X'$$

X
′

be its associate space, and let H[X] and $$H[X']$$

H
[

X
′

]

be the abstract Hardy spaces built upon X and $$X'$$

X
′

, respectively. Suppose that the Riesz projection P is bounded on X and $$a\in L^\infty {\setminus }\{0\}$$

a
∈

L
∞

\

{
0
}

. We show that P is bounded on $$X'$$

X
′

. So, we can consider the Toeplitz operators $$T(a)f=P(af)$$

T
(
a
)
f
=
P
(
a
f
)

and $$T({\overline{a}})g=P({\overline{a}}g)$$

T

(

a
¯

)

g
=
P

(

a
¯

g
)

on H[X] and $$H[X']$$

H
[

X
′

]

, respectively. In our previous paper, we have shown that if X is not separable, then one cannot rephrase Coburn’s lemma as in the case of classical Hardy spaces $$H^p$$

H
p

, $$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

, and guarantee that T(a) has a trivial kernel or a dense range on H[X]. The first main result of the present paper is the following extension of Coburn’s lemma: the kernel of T(a) or the kernel of $$T({\overline{a}})$$

T
(

a
¯

)

is trivial. The second main result is a generalisation of the Hartman–Wintner–Simonenko theorem saying that if T(a) is normally solvable on the space H[X], then $$1/a\in L^\infty $$

1
/
a
∈

L
∞

.