bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the occurrence and the risk factors of the desire for hastened death and depression in people with early-stage dementia in Greece
Authors: Kostopoulou Sotiria , Varveri Athina Pinelopi , Nikoloudi Maria , Tsilika Eleni , Parpa Efi , Zygogianni Anna , Mystakidou Kyriaki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the factors associated with desire for hastened death and depression in early-stage dementia as well as the association between them. Also, to explore the mediator and moderator role of age in the relationship between depression and desire for hasten death.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study including 100 patients diagnosed with early-stage dementia from a rehabilitation center between December 2018 and July 2019. Measurement tools used were the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Greek Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Greek Schedule of Attitudes toward Hastened Death, and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 item. Patients diagnosed with dementia as a result of Stroke history were excluded.ResultsFactors of multifactorial analysis significantly associated with desire for hastened death were as follows: age (p = 0.009), marital status (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001). The factor significantly associated with depression was age (p = 0.001). Also, a mediation/moderation analysis has shown that depression and age are significant predictors of desire for hasten death.Significance of resultsThe desire for hastened death and depression in people diagnosed with early-stage dementia includes many components. Younger patients, men, higher educated patients, single, childless, and those with higher depression scores had higher desire for hastened death, while men and older patients had higher scores of desire for depression. Our study provides important information about the desire for hastened death and depression in early-stage dementia, their risk factors, and their association.
How coupled slow oscillations, spindles and ripples coordinate neuronal processing and communication during human sleep
Authors: Staresina Bernhard P. , Niediek Johannes , Borger Valeri , Surges Rainer , Mormann Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLearning and plasticity rely on fine-tuned regulation of neuronal circuits during offline periods. An unresolved puzzle is how the sleeping brain, in the absence of external stimulation or conscious effort, coordinates neuronal firing rates (FRs) and communication within and across circuits to support synaptic and systems consolidation. Using intracranial electroencephalography combined with multiunit activity recordings from the human hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) areas, we show that, governed by slow oscillation (SO) up-states, sleep spindles set a timeframe for ripples to occur. This sequential coupling leads to a stepwise increase in (1) neuronal FRs, (2) short-latency cross-correlations among local neuronal assemblies and (3) cross-regional MTL interactions. Triggered by SOs and spindles, ripples thus establish optimal conditions for spike-timing-dependent plasticity and systems consolidation. These results unveil how the sequential coupling of specific sleep rhythms orchestrates neuronal processing and communication during human sleep.
Mittelfristige Ergebnisse nach perkutaner Nadelfasziotomie bei Morbus
Dupuytren
Authors: Nichlos Emmanouil , Wölfle Olaf , Marzi Ingo , Frank Johannes , Sommer Katharina 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Morbus Dupuytren führt bei betroffenen Patienten
häufig zu einer zunehmenden Extensionseinschränkung der Finger.
Da die Inzidenz im Alter zunimmt, ist auf Grund des demographischen Wandels mit
einer Zunahme von diesen Dupuytren’schen Kontrakturen zu rechnen.
Deshalb besteht weiterhin der Bedarf an einer einfachen und
patientenorientierten Behandlung.In dieser Studie wurden die kurz- und
mittelfristigen Ergebnisse nach perkutaner Nadelfasziotomie (PNF)
untersucht.
Patienten und Methoden An der Studie nahmen insgesamt 40 Patienten teil,
bei denen 65 Finger mittels PNF behandelt wurden. Es wurde das totale passive
Extensionsdefizit (TPED), das passive Extensionsdefizit der einzelnen Gelenke
(PED), der Buck-Gramcko-Score, die Rezidivrate, der DASH-score und die
Patientenzufriedenheit untersucht. Hierbei wurde ein Rezidiv als
Verschlechterung des TPED um 30° oder mehr definiert. Das mittlere
Patientenalter betrug 65,9 Jahre. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten war
männlich (82%).
Ergebnisse Direkt nach der Intervention zeigt sich eine signifikante
Verbesserung der Streckfähigkeit (TPED vor PNF
74,6°±41,1 Standardabweichung (SD) auf
32,8°±29,0 SD nach Intervention), die sich bei der
Nachuntersuchung nach 30,2±13,9 SD Monaten im Durchschnitt
wieder leicht verschlechtert zeigte (TPED
52,7°±40,2 SD). Die Rezidivrate betrug 29,7%,
wobei ein höheres Tubiana-Stadium vor der Prozedur mit einer signifikant
höheren Redzivrate einherging. Trotzdem zeigte sich eine hohe
Patientenzufriedenheit und fast alle Patienten würden retrospektiv die
PNF erneut durchführen lassen.
Schlussfolgerung Die PNF stellt weiterhin trotz relativ hoher Redzidivrate
eine effektive und patientenorientierte Behandlung der Dupuytren’schen
Kontraktur dar.
Targeted hydrolysis and decrepitation of Mn3AlC precipitates: a route to a novel precursor of rare earth free MnAl–C permanent magnets
Authors: Jürries Florian , Beyer Lukas , Nielsch Kornelius , Woodcock Thomas George 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, Mn–Al–C alloys consisting of ϵ-MnAl and carbides of the types Mn3AlC and Al4C3 were produced and exposed to water at 80 °C for 35 d. This led to the hydrolysis and decrepitation of the carbides and ultimately, of the material. The hydrolysis behaviour was studied by combined mass spectrometry, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Microstructural studies with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were carried out. X-ray computed tomography was used to study the evolution of cracks on a macroscopic scale. As the Mn3AlC precipitates were present as parallel platelets inside the ϵ-grains, the hydrolysis resulted in parallel voids separating regions of ϵ with the same orientation. This ϵ-skeleton could be easily milled into ϵ-flakes, which could be mechanically aligned so that their <001> directions were parallel. The ϵ-powder was transformed into the ferromagnetic τ-phase via heat treatment and is therefore suitable as a novel precursor material for the production of anisotropic τ-MnAl–C-based permanent magnets. Employing such a textured, ϵ-phase, precursor powder in an extrusion process could result in increased texture quality of the τ-phase with correspondingly enhanced magnetic properties.
Constructing multi-interface-structured FeNi/Fe2O3@Al2O3@C rod-like nanocomposites for superior microwave-absorption performance
Authors: Li Xinhui , Cheng Hang , Yu Menglin , Shen Fengyuan , Li Hongyan , Liu Xianguo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Constructing multi-interfaces is an effective strategy for realizing thin, wide, strong, and stable microwave absorbers. In this work, FeNi/Fe2O3@Al2O3@C nanocomposites have been prepared; in their microstructure, FeNi nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼20 nm and Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a size of ∼5 nm are dispersed in an Al2O3
µm scale rod covered by a carbon layer, in which the multi-interfaces of FeNi–Al2O3, FeNi–Fe2O3, Fe2O3–Al2O3, and Al2O3–C are constructed. Proper impedance matching, quarter-wavelength interference cancellation, and integrated electromagnetic (EM) loss capacity can be realized through optimization of the EM parameters accompanied with a multi-interface structure, resulting in good microwave-absorption behaviors with the merits of being broad, strong, thin, and stable. The nanocomposites have −49.6 dB of minimal reflection loss (RLm) at 3.2 mm 5.44 GHz (12.56–18 GHz) of effective absorption bandwidth at 2.1 mm and a RLm exceeding −10 dB at 1.6–10 mm and −20 dB at 1.8–10 mm. These results demonstrate that constructing multi-interfaces plays a guiding role in obtaining superior microwave absorbers.
Reference velocity demodulation method for accelerometer shock testing based on enhanced CEEMD and threshold correction
Authors: Zhang Wenyi , Zhang Zhenhai , Song Qianqian , Sun Haolin , Yang Jun , Hu Hongbo , Yang Xiaowei , Ji Jianrong , Su Jianjun , Zhang Zhenshan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High-G accelerometers are critical for measuring high shock signals and must be calibrated to improve measurement accuracy. A laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) is required to calibrate a high-G accelerometer to provide a high-precision reference velocity. The LDV signal must be demodulated to obtain the velocity. However, the phase method is susceptible to noise interference, while the conventional periodic distribution method is challenging to demodulate and severely affected by signal oscillations. We propose a novel periodic distribution method based on enhanced complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and threshold correction to demodulate the LDV signal. First, the LDV signal is processed with CEEMD to obtain multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and the residual. Next, each IMF is partially zeroed to obtain the noise-reduced LDV signal. Then, the over-threshold peak of the noise-reduced LDV signal is calculated. Finally, the demodulated velocity of the LDV signal is obtained by correcting the noise-reduced LDV signal according to the over-threshold peak point and calculating all the zero points. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the phase method based on enhanced CEEMD and the periodic distribution method based on enhanced CEEMD and can significantly reduce noise interference. The results show that the proposed method can accurately demodulate the LDV signal to obtain a highly accurate reference velocity, improving the reliability of accelerometer shock testing.
Research on defect detection method of bearing dust cover based on machine vision and multi-feature fusion algorithm
Authors: Hao Yong , Zhang Chengxiang , Li Xiyan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
During the assembly process of deep groove ball bearings, due to defective parts and unqualified assembly process, various indentations and scratches on the dust cover will often result in reducing the service life and reliability of the bearing. Therefore, the online monitoring of the assembly quality of the dust cover ensures the necessary detection process of the bearing surface quality. This paper proposed a bearing dust cover defect detection method based on machine vision and multi-feature fusion algorithm, which can effectively detect bearings with dust cover defects. The algorithm first performs Laplace transform and Sobel operator image enhancement on the collected bearing images. Extract and fuse multi-source fault feature with the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), bag-of-visual-words (BoVW) and GLCM-Hu methods. Machine learning and deep learning models were constructed, and the performance of each model was compared through feature visualization and misclassified analysis. The results show that the extracted multi-source features are more representative and robust. The SIFT-BoVW-GS-SVM model achieved the best detection results in detecting bearing dust cover defects with an accuracy of 91.11%. The processing and program detection time for each bearing image is about 0.019 s. The accuracy and speed of detection and judgment meet the needs of online defect detection of bearing dust cover.
NOx emissions estimation of boiler based on mutual information feature reconstruction and optimization of extreme learning machine
Authors: Jiang Wei , Dong Ze , Sun Ming , Liu Lei , He Guosong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The measurement of NOx emissions in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of boilers has problems with poor real-time performance and abnormal measurements during purging. It is necessary to accurately estimate NOx emissions. For this reason, the NOx emissions prediction method of boiler based on mutual information feature reconstruction and optimization of extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed: firstly, delay estimation and data space reconstruction of input features are performed based on mutual information; Then the conditional mutual information based on greedy selection strategy is adopted to rank and choose the input features; Finally, the hybrid quantum sparrow search algorithm (QSSA) was proposed by combining Lévy flight strategy and quantum strategy in the sparrow search algorithm, and QSSA is used to optimize the weights and biases of the ELM. Taking the operation data of the SCR system of a 1000 MW thermal power unit as an example for verification. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the ELM, and provide a new method for NOx emissions estimation of boilers.
GPU-accelerated calculation of proton microdosimetric spectra as a function of target size, proton energy, and bounding volume size
Authors: DeCunha Joseph M , Newpower Mark , Mohan Radhe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Shortcomings of dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETD), the quantity which is most commonly used to quantify proton relative biological effectiveness, have long been recognized. Microdosimetric spectra may overcome the limitations of LETD but are extremely computationally demanding to calculate. A systematic library of lineal energy spectra for monoenergetic protons could enable rapid determination of microdosimetric spectra in a clinical environment. The objective of this work was to calculate and validate such a library of lineal energy spectra. Approach. SuperTrack, a GPU-accelerated CUDA/C++ based application, was developed to superimpose tracks calculated using Geant4 onto targets of interest and to compute microdosimetric spectra. Lineal energy spectra of protons with energies from 0.1 to 100 MeV were determined in spherical targets of diameters from 1 nm to 10 μm and in bounding voxels with side lengths of 5 μm and 3 mm. Main results. Compared to an analogous Geant4-based application, SuperTrack is up to 3500 times more computationally efficient if each track is resampled 1000 times. Dose spectra of lineal energy and dose-mean lineal energy calculated with SuperTrack were consistent with values published in the literature and with comparison to a Geant4 simulation. Using SuperTrack, we developed the largest known library of proton microdosimetric spectra as a function of primary proton energy, target size, and bounding volume size. Significance. SuperTrack greatly increases the computational efficiency of the calculation of microdosimetric spectra. The elevated lineal energy observed in a 3 mm side length bounding volume suggests that lineal energy spectra determined experimentally or computed in small bounding volumes may not be representative of the lineal energy spectra in voxels of a dose calculation grid. The library of lineal energy spectra calculated in this work could be integrated with a treatment planning system for rapid determination of lineal energy spectra in patient geometries.
Optically excited artificial synapse based on α-In2Se3 FETs on Ta2O5
Authors: Mohta Neha , Rao Ankit , Suri Priyanka , Nath Digbijoy N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Materials and devices for artificial synapses are being increasingly investigated owing to their promise for brain-inspired computing. Here, we demonstrate an optoelectronic synapse with a light-modulated memory capability in back-gated ferroelectric channel field-effect transistors made of multi-layered 2D α-In2Se3 on Ta2O5. The optical tunability is achieved by exploiting the frequency of the optical signal in vertically stacked layers of In2Se3, which generates a unique persistent photoresponse due to trapping at the In2Se3/Ta2O5 interface. For the 527 nm source wavelengths at intensities of 15 mW cm−2 the In2Se3-FET exhibits a high photoresponsivity at 850 AW−1. These devices can replicate synaptic functions such as photo-induced short-term memory, long-term memory and paired-pulse facilitation—all via optical modulation. We also demonstrate common memory effects that occur in the brain, such as memory loss and memory transitions that depend upon the stimulation rate (i.e., the interval between stimulation pulses). These demonstrations provide a simple and effective strategy for fabricating light-stimulated synaptic transistors with memory and learning abilities which are attractive for building vision-inspired neuromorphic systems.
Experimental investigation of vibration control of flexible rotors using shape memory alloys
Authors: Preto Eduardo , de Abreu Gustavo Luiz Chagas Manhães , Gonçalves Aparecido Carlos , Chavarette Fábio Roberto , Savi Marcelo A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Vibration is an essential subject for the design of rotordynamic systems, being responsible for compromising the integrity and causing risks to operational functioning. This work deals with an experimental investigation of the semi-active vibration controller for a rotordynamic system using shape memory alloy (SMA) elements. SMAs are smart materials that present thermomechanical coupling represented by solid phase transformations that promote either stiffness change or hysteretic dissipation. In this regard, they are useful in controllers employing thermal actuation from electric current through the Joule effect. This paper presents a proof of concept of a controller using SMA elements. An experimental apparatus is proposed considering a typical rotor system using SMA wires at the bearings. In this regard, proper temperature variations allow the system to cross critical resonant conditions.
Anomaly in the electron orbital gyromagnetic factor: QED and radiative interactions
Authors: Awobode M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using standard Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), we have calculated the anomaly in the electron orbital g-factor, which is in reasonable agreement with experimental data. For second-order corrections, the anomaly in the orbital g-factor

g

L

−
1

is of the order α/3π, while for approximations to the same order, the well-known anomaly in the electron spin g-factor

g

S

−
2

/
2
=
α
/
2
π
,

where α = 1/137 is the structure constant. Unlike the spin-g anomaly, the orbital-g anomaly is not intrinsic, but depends on the atomic state, and on Z, the atomic mass. Thus, the orbital anomaly is actually (α/3π)D, where D includes the effect of the magnetic field and/or the atomic properties. Hence, we have shown that radiative interactions, which are the sources of the spin-g anomaly, also produce an orbital anomaly. It is physically reasonable to expect that radiative interactions that modify many physical properties of electrons in electromagnetic fields will also modify the orbital magnetic moment of the electron.
Effect of calcination temperature on phase composition and optical properties of Al-ZnO nanocrystalline films
Authors: Bayan E M , Petrov V V , Ignatieva I O , Volkova M G , Ivanishcheva A P , Chernyshev A V 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nanocrystalline Al-ZnO films were successfully synthesized by thermal decomposition method. The method includes two stages: synthesis from the melt of organic salts and the films production. The effect of the calcination temperature varying from 600 to 800 °C on the crystallite sizes, phase composition and optical properties of the synthesized films was also investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a distorted lattice upon the introduction of Al3+ ions. Based on calculations and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the crystallites size increased from 18 to 28 nm with the calcination temperature increasing. Optical properties of Al-ZnO films were studied by optical transmission spectra. An increase in the calcination temperature leads to a decrease in the ZnO band gap. It was shown that the proposed method makes it possible to obtain optically transparent Al-ZnO films consisting of nanocrystallites. By varying the calcination temperature, the optical properties can be adjusted, which will significantly expand the application range of these materials.
Long-term effects of incubation temperature on growth and thermal physiology in a small ectotherm
Authors: De Jong Madeleine J. , Alton Lesley A. , White Craig R. , O'Bryan Moira K. , Chapple David G. , Wong Bob B. M. 
Published: July 2023

Thermal conditions in the developmental environment can substantially affect an individual's phenotype, particularly in egg-laying ectotherms. However, whether these effects persist into adulthood is rarely examined. To investigate this, we incubated delicate skink,Lampropholis delicata, eggs at either cool (22°C), mild (26°C) or hot (30°C) temperatures. After hatching, we measured growth, thermal performance curves of locomotor activity, and thermal sensitivity of resting metabolic rate of offspring as juveniles (4–6 weeks of age), sub-adults (approx. 200 days of age), and adults (approx. 2 years of age), and then measured developmental temperature impacts on male fertility. Incubation temperature had a lasting effect on growth and locomotor performance, with cool and hot incubation temperatures resulting in faster growth and larger maximum size, and hot incubation temperatures reducing locomotor performance at all timepoints. Effects on resting metabolic rate were only present in sub-adults, with a higher metabolic rate at high and average body mass and negative metabolic scaling exponent in cool-incubated lizards. Additionally, cool and hot incubation treatments resulted in shorter sperm midpieces and heads. Incubation temperature did not affect testis mass or sperm count. Overall, our results demonstrate that incubation temperature can have lasting effects on later life stages, highlighting the importance of maternal nest-site selection, but that some effects are age dependent.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.
Bird nest building: visions for the future
Authors: Healy Susan D. , Tello-Ramos Maria Cristina , Hébert Marie 
Published: July 2023

Successful reproduction for most birds requires them to have built ‘good’ nests. The remarkable diversity of nests across approximately 10 000 species of living birds suggests that ‘good’ nest design depends critically on a species' microhabitat, life history and behaviour. Unravelling the key drivers of nest diversity remains a key research priority—bolstered by renewed appreciation for nest museum collections and increasing correlational field and experimental laboratory data. Phylogenetic analyses—coupled with powerful datasets of nest traits—are increasingly shedding light on the evolution of nest morphology and there are functional questions yet to be addressed. For birds, at least, developmental and mechanistic analyses ofbuilding(behaviour, hormones, neuroscience) itself, rather than measurements and analyses of nestmorphology,are already becoming the next major challenge. We are moving towards a holistic picture in which Tinbergen's four levels of explanation: evolution, function, development, and mechanism, are being used to explain variation and convergence in nest design—and, in turn, could shed light on the question of how birds know how to build ‘good’ nests.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.