bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The height of convective plumes in the red supergiant μ Cep
Authors: López Ariste A. , Wavasseur M. , Mathias Ph. , Lèbre A. , Tessore B. , Georgiev S. 
Published: December 2022

Aims. We seek to understand convection in red supergiants and the mechanisms that trigger the mass loss from cool evolved stars.
Methods. Linear spectropolarimetry of the atomic lines of the spectrum of μ Cep reveals information well outside the wavelength range expected from previous models. This is interpreted as structures in expansion that are visible in the front hemisphere and sometimes also in the back hemisphere. We model the plasma distribution together with its associated velocities through an inversion algorithm to fit the observed linear polarization.
Results. We find that supposing the existence of plasma beyond the limb rising high enough to be visible above it can explain the observed linear polarization signatures as well as their evolution in time. From this we are able to infer the geometric heights of the convective plumes and establish that this hot plasma rises to at least 1.1 R*.
Conclusions. μ Cep appears to be in an active phase in which plasma rises often above 1.1 R*. We generalize this result to all red supergiants in a similarly evolved stage, which at certain epochs may easily send plasma to greater heights, as μ Cep appears to be doing at present. Plasma rising to such heights can easily escape the stellar gravity.
Open and hidden heavy flavor measurements at RHIC
Authors: Kosarzewski Leszek 
Published: December 2022

Quarks of heavy flavors are useful tool to study quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. Due to their high mass and early production time, heavy quarks experience the entire evolution of the system created in these collisions. Open heavy flavor meson measurements are sensitive to the energy loss in the QGP, while quarkonia are sensitive to the temperature of the QGP as they dissociate because of Debye-like screening of color charges.
This presentation is a summary of the latest heavy flavor studies performed at RHIC. Results from both STAR and PHENIX experiments are presented, compared to theoretical calculations and the implications discussed.
Insights into the Molecular Genetic of Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B: The Relevance of Genetic Testing in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Pezeshkpoor Behnaz , Oldenburg Johannes , Pavlova Anna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHemophilia A and hemophilia B are rare congenital, recessive X-linked disorders caused by lack or deficiency of clotting factor VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX), respectively. The severity of the disease depends on the reduction of coagulation FVIII or FIX activity levels, which is determined by the type of the pathogenic variants in the genes encoding the two factors (F8 and F9, respectively). Molecular genetic analysis is widely applied in inherited bleeding disorders. The outcome of genetic analysis allows genetic counseling of affected families and helps find a link between the genotype and the phenotype. Genetic analysis in hemophilia has tremendously improved in the last decades. Many new techniques and modifications as well as analysis softwares became available, which made the genetic analysis and interpretation of the data faster and more accurate. Advances in genetic variant detection strategies facilitate identification of the causal variants in up to 97% of patients. In this review, we discuss the milestones in genetic analysis of hemophilia and highlight the importance of identification of the causative genetic variants for genetic counseling and particularly for the interpretation of the clinical presentation of hemophilia patients.
Isolated Maternal Hypothyroxinemia May be Associated with Insulin
Requirement in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Topaloğlu Ömercan , Uzun Mehmet , Topaloğlu Seda Nur , Sahin Ibrahim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn insulin regimen may be necessary for about 30% of the patients with
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to investigate the association of
free T4(fT4) levels with insulin requirement in pregnant women with GDM. We
included pregnant women whose TSH levels were within the normal range and who
were diagnosed with GDM, and excluded patients with thyroid dysfunction, chronic
illnesses, or any previous history of antithyroid medication, levothyroxine, or
antidiabetic medication use. The diagnosis and treatment of GDM were based on
American Diabetes Association guidelines. Demographic features, previous history
of GDM and gestational hypertension were recorded. Baseline (at diagnosis of
GDM) fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, TSH, fT4, and fT3 levels were analyzed. We
grouped the patients according to their baseline fT4 levels: isolated maternal
hypothyroxinemia (IMH) (group A) vs. in the normal range (group B). We grouped
those also based on insulin requirement in 3rd trimester. Of the patients
(n=223), insulin requirement was present in 56, and IMH in 11. Insulin
requirement was more frequent in group A than in group B (p=0,003).
HbA1c (≥47,5 mmol/mol) and fT4 level (lower than normal
range) were positive predictors for insulin requirement (OR:35,35,
p=0,001; and OR:6,05, p=0,008; respectively). We showed that IMH
was closely associated with insulin requirement in GDM. Pregnant women with IMH
and GDM should be closely observed as regards to glycemic control. If supported
by future large studies, levothyroxine treatment might be questioned as an
indication for patients with GDM and IMH.
Preoperative Bladder Capacity Predicts Social Continence following Bladder Neck Reconstruction in Children Born with Exstrophy–Epispadias Complex
Authors: Bar-Yosef Yuval , Savin Ziv , Ekstein Margaret , Ben-David Reuben , Dekalo Snir , Bar-Yaakov Noam , Sofer Mario , Ben-Chaim Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study is to review the continence and volitional voiding rate in a single center cohort of exstrophy–epispadias patients following Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction and to explore factors which predict continence.
Materials and Methods Children who underwent Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction as a final stage of repair in a large single low-volume center in a small-population country between 1997 and 2019 were included. Demographic and clinical details were extracted from the patients' charts. The primary end point was continence and volitional voiding. Patients were categorized as incontinent, socially continent (daytime dry intervals > 3 hours, wet nights) and fully continent (daytime dry intervals > 3 hours, dry nights).
Results The study cohort included 27 patients whose median age at reconstruction was 5 years, and median follow-up was 7.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 6–11.2). The cohort included 24 classic exstrophy patients (89%, 17 males and 7 females) and 3 isolated complete epispadias patients (11%, 1 male and 2 females). Nine (33%) patients achieved full continence and social continence was achieved by nine (33%) patients, for an overall social continence rate of 67%. Preoperative bladder capacity of 110 mL or more was associated with achieving social continence (odds ratio = 6.4, p = 0.047). The overall volitional voiding rate was 67%.
Conclusion Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck reconstruction yielded rates of 33% for full continence and 67% for social continence and volitional voiding. These rates are comparable to those of large high-volume centers. A preoperative capacity of 110 mL or more was the sole predictor of social continence.
Congenital Duodenal Obstruction: National Trends in Management and Outcomes during the Last Quarter of a Century in Norway
Authors: Treider Martin , Granheim Sturla , Engebretsen Anders Hauge , Pripp Are Hugo , Røkkum Henrik , Skari Hans , Sæter Thorstein , Bjørnland Kristin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction During the last quarter of a century, new surgical techniques in neonates have been introduced, and neonatal intensive care has developed. Few studies have explored the implementation of new techniques and if outcomes in neonates undergoing gastrointestinal surgery have improved in the last decades. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate possible changes in postoperative outcomes and surgical techniques in all neonates operated for congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) 1995 to 2020 in Norway.
Material and Methods This is a national multicenter retrospective study of all neonates undergoing surgery for CDO in Norway from 1995 to 2020. Results from three periods (1995–2003, 2004–2012, and 2013–2020) were compared. The study was approved by the local data protection officers (2020/13386) and (2020/15125).
Results We included 186 patients: 41 in period 1 (1995–2003), 83 in period 2 (2004–2012), and 62 in period 3 (2013–2020). Seventy (38%) neonates had Down syndrome and 104 (62%) had additional malformations/disorders. Birth weight, gender, frequency of Down syndrome, and other malformations/disorders did not differ between the three periods. We observed an increased rate of prenatal diagnosis throughout the study period (p < 0.001). The only change in surgical technique was the increased use of transanastomotic feeding tubes (p < 0.001). Length of stay, postoperative complication rate, days with parenteral nutrition, and 30-day mortality rate were stable over time.
Conclusion Perioperative treatment and postoperative outcomes in neonates with CDO have been surprisingly unchanged during the last quarter of a century. Only an increased rate of prenatal diagnosis and more frequent use of transanastomotic feeding tubes were observed.
Transient Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy after Interventional Therapy
Authors: Mandilaras Guido , Happel Christoph M. , Funk Christoph M. , Haas Nikolaus A. , Freund Matthias , Fischer Marcus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground Hoarseness due to laryngeal nerve injury is a known complication after cardiothoracic surgery involving the aortic arch. However, this complication is only rarely reported after catheter interventions.Results In this article we present the unusual case of a left-sided vocal cord paralysis in four patients after primary stenting of a re-coarctation, re-dilatation of a stented coarctation, a primary stenting of the left pulmonary artery (LPA), and prestenting for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with dilation of the LPA. After implanting bare metal stents, it is common practice, whilst contemplating the diameters of the adjacent structures, to optimize the stent diameter in a two-step procedure and dilate the stent until a maximum diameter is achieved and there is no residual gradient after applying this technique. Four of our patients experienced hoarseness after the intervention and a vocal cord paralysis was diagnosed. Angiography revealed no signs of extravasation or dissection. Clinical symptoms improved over the course of the following 6 months; patients with interventions at the aortic arch showed a complete remission, patients with procedures involving the LPA showed only mild regression of the symptoms.Conclusion To our knowledge, this complication (Ortner's syndrome, cardiovocal syndrome) after such interventions has rarely been reported before. Although a rare complication, the recognition of these symptoms may support colleagues in managing affected patients. In addition, awareness for hoarseness after interventional therapies and systematic screening for this complication might help to identify patients at risk in the future.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloadditions: from Alkenes to Alkynes
Authors: Wang Liu-Yang , Yang Lan , Chen Jie , Zhou Ling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganocatalytic asymmetric cycloaddition reactions are the foundation for the construction of important cyclic molecules in synthetic chemistry and biochemistry. As a result, organic catalysts, in particular chiral phosphoric acid, entice researchers from all over the world to design and develop asymmetric cycloaddition reactions. In this Account, we discuss CPA-catalyzed [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition of alkenes and some further transformations from the cycloadducts, as well as several mechanisms related to these cycloadditions. All kinds of enantioenriched carbocycles and heterocycles with stereogenic centers could be synthesized efficiently. Recent advances in CPA-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkynes to generate axially chiral compounds are also discussed.1	Introduction2	CPA-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Alkenes3	CPA-Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of Alkenes4	CPA-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Alkynes5	Conclusions
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of C3-Alkylated Indoles Following Transfer Hydrogenation or Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Yu , Chen Xia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBy employing either borrowing hydrogen or transfer hydrogenation strategy, two straightforward [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2-catalyzed methods for regioselective synthesis of C3-alkylated indoles have been developed, utilizing alcohols as H atom donors or alkylating agents. The developed catalytic system could accommodate a broad substrate scope including primary/secondary aliphatic alcohols and substituted indoles, and in most cases providing good yields. Notable features of the developed system include high-activity, easy operation, and air atmosphere.
Effects of Growth Hormone on Muscle and Bone in Female Mice: Role of Follistatin
Authors: Ohira Takashi , Kawao Naoyuki , Takafuji Yoshimasa , Mizukami Yuya , Kaji Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interactions between muscle and bone are noted in the clinical relationships between sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Myokines secreted from the skeletal muscles play roles in muscle-bone interactions related to various physiological and pathophysiological states. Although numerous evidence suggests that growth hormone (GH) influences both muscle and bone, the effects of GH on the muscle-bone interactions have remained unknown. We, therefore, investigated the influences of GH administration for 8 weeks on muscle and bone, including myokine expression, in mice with or without ovariectomy (OVX). GH administration significantly increased muscle mass in the whole body and lower limbs, as well as tissue weights of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles in mice with or without OVX. Moreover, it markedly increased grip strength in both mice. As for femurs, GH administration significantly increased cortical thickness and area in mice with or without OVX. Moreover, GH significantly blunted the decrease in the ratio of bone volume to tissue volume at the trabecular bone in mice with OVX. GH administration significantly decreased follistatin mRNA levels in the EDL, but not the soleus, muscles in mice with or without OVX, although it did not affect the other myokines examined. However, GH administration significantly elevated serum follistatin levels in mice. In conclusion, this study indicates that GH administration increases skeletal muscle mass and grip strength and cortical and trabecular bone-related parameters obtained by micro-computed tomography analyses in mice. However, myokine regulation might not be critical for the effects of GH on muscle and bone.
Challenges and Strategies for Synthesizing Glutamyl Hydrazide Containing Peptides
Authors: Jakobsche Charles E. , Xu Muyun , MacArthur Nicholas S. , Duong Chau Minh , Islam Saadman , McElwee Joseph P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein, we detail several specific challenges that hinder the effective synthesis of glutamyl hydrazide containing peptides, and we describe a synthetic strategy to work around these challenges. Glutamyl hydrazide is an unnatural amino acid residue that bears an acyl hydrazide functional group on its side chain. This family of compounds has the potential to provide potent and selective inhibitor molecules for several families of enzymes. During peptide synthesis, however, these side chains—even in protected form—can derail the synthesis by initiating undesired side reactions. Avoiding these side reactions is critical for enabling effective access to this family of compounds.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Chiral Amides by Catalytic Hydrogenation with Iridium N,P-Complexes
Authors: Peters Bram B. C. , Birke Norman , Andersson Pher G. , Massaro Luca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins constitutes a powerful method for the preparation of chiral compounds. A series of prochiral unsaturated amides were efficiently reduced with high enantioselectivities by means of an iridium N,P-complex-catalyzed hydrogenation. Its application in the synthesis of fenpropidin and the possibility of using isomeric mixtures of starting materials are attractive features of the method.
Perceived Age in Patients Exposed to Distinct UV Indexes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Avila Francisco R. , Carter Rickey E. , McLeod Christopher J. , Bruce Charles J. , Giardi Davide , Guliyeva Gunel , Torres-Guzman Ricardo A. , Maita Karla C. , Forte Antonio J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotodamage is caused by chronic sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation and presents as wrinkles, sagging, and pigmented spots. An increase in the ultraviolet index can increase a person's perceived age by worsening skin photodamage. However, since the ultraviolet index varies considerably between geographical regions, perceived age might vary substantially among them. This review aims to describe the differences in chronological and perceived age in regions of the world with different ultraviolet indexes. A literature search of three databases was conducted for studies analyzing perceived age and its relationship to sun exposure. Ultraviolet indexes from the included studies were retrieved from the National Weather Service and the Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service. Out of 104 studies, seven fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, 3,352 patients were evaluated for perceived age. All studies found that patients with the highest daily sun exposures had the highest perceived ages for their chronological age (p < 0.05). People with high sun exposure behaviors living in regions with high ultraviolet indexes will look significantly older than same-aged peers living in lower ultraviolet index regions.
Simultaneous measurement of fine pattern shape and overall shape by a nano-profiler
Authors: Miyawaki Takashi , Endo Katsuyoshi 
Published: December 2022

Improving the optical performance and functions of mirrors and lenses requires manufacturing pattern shapes such as those of microlens arrays. In this context, various measuring devices have been developed to accurately measure the depth of shapes with a microscopic interferometer. However, with an interferometer, the number of pixels of a light-receiving element, such as a charge-coupled device, is limited; furthermore, when measuring a pattern shape, the measurement field of view becomes narrow. Thus, measuring a wide range of shapes is not possible. By contrast, if the device can arbitrarily increase the number of measurement points, such as in the case of a three-dimensional measuring machine, in principle, a pattern shape can be measured, while ensuring the measurement capability for a wide range of shapes; however, in this case, the measurement time increases. A nano-profiler previously developed by the authors can measure the shape and slope angle distribution of a surface with a laser beam. In this study, the measurement program was changed to realize continuous high-speed scanning at 1 kHz, and the number of measurement points was increased to verify the compatibility between fine pattern shape measurements and diverse shape measurements. The results measured by the nano-profiler were compared with those obtained using microscopic and Fizeau-type interferometers, which can measure the pattern and overall shapes, respectively. In comparison, the difference in pattern depth and overall shape was 2.1 and 2.9 nm PV, respectively.
A joint calibration technique for improving measurement accuracy of voltage and current probes during synchronous operation for RF-based plasma devices
Authors: Mahreen  , Ganguli A. , Gajula Veda Prakash , Kar Satyananda , Sahu Debaprasad 
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a joint calibration scheme for voltage (V) and current (I) probes that helps accurately resolve the voltage–current phase differences even when the difference is very close to 90°. The latter has been a major issue with V–I probes when used with miniature RF plasma devices such as the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). Since the impedance of such miniature devices is predominantly capacitive, the phase difference between the voltage and current signals is very nearly 90°. It turns out, however, that when V–I probes are used with such devices without joint calibration, these frequently yield phase shifts over 90°. Also, since the power absorption is proportional to the resistive part of the impedance, it becomes very sensitive to the phase difference when it is close to ≈90°. Thus, it is important to be able to accurately resolve the phases. Post-calibration, V–I probes would be indispensable for the electrical characterization of APPJs for determining the average RF power Pav, plasma impedance Zp, etc. Typical post-calibration V–I data yield Zp ≈ 93.6 − j 1139 Ω (81.5 − j 1173 Ω) at Pav ≈9.8W (≈7.7W) for helium (argon) gas.
Elastic and inelastic low-energy electron scattering from pyridine
Authors: Su He , Cheng Xinlu , Cooper Bridgette , Tennyson Jonathan , Zhang Hong 
Published: December 2022

A comprehensive investigation of elastic and inelastic electron scattering from molecular pyridine is reported using the ab initio R-matrix method with the static exchange plus polarization and close-coupling approximations for incident energies up to 10 eV. The two well-known low-lying 1 2B1 and 1 2A2 shape resonances as well as a 2 2B1 mixed-character resonance compare well with the theoretical and experimental results. We also detect five core-excited resonances (1 2A1, 1 2B2, 3 2B1, 2 2A2, and 4 2B1), which lie above the first electronic excitation threshold. The total elastic cross sections and momentum transfer cross sections agree reasonably with previous reference data. Comparisons of the differential elastic cross sections of pyridine with those measured for benzene, pyrazine, and pyrimidine show remarkable agreement at scattering angles above 40° but behave differently for forward scattering below 40° below 6 eV, due to the dominant effect of the permanent dipole moment on the differential cross section in the low energy region with narrow scattering angles. Inelastic electronic excitation cross sections are presented, showing the influence of core-excited resonances below the ionization threshold for the first time.