bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular endurance and psychosocial health predict short- and long-term BMI-SDS reduction: results from the CHILT III program
Authors: Eisenburger Nina , Ferrari Nina , Friesen David , Haas Fabiola , Klaudius Marlen , Schmidt Lisa , Vandeven Susanne , Joisten Christine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This longitudinal study analyzes data from the Children’s Health Interventional Trial (CHILT) III, an 11-month juvenile multicomponent weight management program. The objective is to identify predictors of changes in body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS), so as to further enable the advancement of existing interventions with sustained impact. This study’s sample consists of 237 children and adolescents with obesity (8–17 years, 54% girls) participating in the CHILT III program between 2003 and 2021. Anthropometrics, demographics, relative cardiovascular endurance (W/kg), and psychosocial health (i.e., physical self-concept and self-worth) were assessed at program entry ($$t1$$

t
1

), end ($$t2$$

t
2

), and one-year follow-up ($$t3$$

t
3

; n = 83). From $$t1$$

t
1

to $$t2$$

t
2

, the mean BMI-SDS was reduced by −0.16 ± 0.26 units (p < 0.001). Media use and cardiovascular endurance at baseline and improvements in endurance and self-worth over the course of the program predicted changes in BMI-SDS (adj. R2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). From $$t2$$

t
2

to $$t3$$

t
3

, mean BMI-SDS increased ($$M = 0.09 \pm 0.29$$

M
=
0.09
±
0.29

, p = 0.005). Changes in BMI-SDS from $$t2$$

t
2

to $$t3$$

t
3

were associated with parental education, improvements in cardiovascular endurance and physical self-concept, and BMI-SDS, media use, physical self-concept, and endurance level at program end (adj. R2 = 0.39, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the need for comprehensive, sustainable weight management approaches, in order to sustain the initial treatment benefits. In this context, improvements in cardiovascular endurance and psychosocial health could be essential strategies to pursue in practice, as they significantly predicted reductions in BMI-SDS – both pre- to post-intervention and at follow-up.Trial registration: DRKS00026785; date of registration: 13.10.202, retrospectively registered.

What is Known:

• Childhood obesity is associated with the onset of noncommunicable diseases, many of which are likely to carry into adulthood. Thus, effective weight management strategies for affected children and their families are vital. However, achieving lasting positive health outcomes with multidisciplinary weight management programs remains challenging.

What is New:

• According to this study, short- and longer-term BMI-SDS reductions are associated to cardiovascular endurance and psychosocial health. These factors should therefore be given even greater consideration in weight management strategies, as they may be important not only in themselves but also for long-term weight loss (maintenance).
Prediction of complications in health economic models of type 2 diabetes: a review of methods used
Authors: Li Xinyu , Li Fang , Wang Junfeng , van Giessen Anoukh , Feenstra Talitha L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aim
Diabetes health economic (HE) models play important roles in decision making. For most HE models of diabetes 2 diabetes (T2D), the core model concerns the prediction of complications. However, reviews of HE models pay little attention to the incorporation of prediction models. The objective of the current review is to investigate how prediction models have been incorporated into HE models of T2D and to identify challenges and possible solutions.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane were searched from January 1, 1997, to November 15, 2022, to identify published HE models for T2D. All models that participated in The Mount Hood Diabetes Simulation Modeling Database or previous challenges were manually searched. Data extraction was performed by two independent authors. Characteristics of HE models, their underlying prediction models, and methods of incorporating prediction models were investigated.

Results
The scoping review identified 34 HE models, including a continuous-time object-oriented model (n = 1), discrete-time state transition models (n = 18), and discrete-time discrete event simulation models (n = 15). Published prediction models were often applied to simulate complication risks, such as the UKPDS (n = 20), Framingham (n = 7), BRAVO (n = 2), NDR (n = 2), and RECODe (n = 2). Four methods were identified to combine interdependent prediction models for different complications, including random order evaluation (n = 12), simultaneous evaluation (n = 4), the ‘sunflower method’ (n = 3), and pre-defined order (n = 1). The remaining studies did not consider interdependency or reported unclearly.

Conclusions
The methodology of integrating prediction models in HE models requires further attention, especially regarding how prediction models are selected, adjusted, and ordered.
Patientenanwaltschaft und Psychiatrie
Authors: Dunkel Florian 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungPatientenanwaltschaft und Psychiatrie müssen sich weiterhin um ein gegenseitiges Rollenverständnis bemühen. Beide Berufsgruppen haben bei ihrer Rolleninterpretation einen beträchtlichen Gestaltungsspielraum. Procedural Justice (PJ) und Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) enthalten dafür wertvolle Grundüberlegungen, die ein entsprechendes Bewusstsein erzeugen und eine darauf bezogene selbstreflexive Haltung fördern. Nach der TJ haben sich die Professionen stets die Frage zu stellen, welche Folgen ihre Rollengestaltung im Unterbringungsverfahren aus therapeutischer Sicht für Patient:innen hat. Im Sinne der PJ können beide Berufsgruppen einen wesentlichen Beitrag dazu leisten, dass Patient:innen im Verfahren Gerechtigkeit und Fairness erleben, was entscheidend für den Therapieerfolg sein kann. Dadurch haben beide Professionen maßgeblichen Einfluss darauf, ob das Unterbringungsverfahren therapieschädlich wirkt oder therapeutisches Potenzial entfaltet.
A stochastic exposure model for seismic risk assessment and pricing of catastrophe bonds
Authors: Mistry Harsh K. , Lombardi Domenico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRisk-based catastrophe bonds require the estimation of losses from the convolution of hazard, exposure and vulnerability models. These models are affected by different uncertainties that arise from the definition of their input parameters. In this paper, we propose a stochastic approach to treat the uncertainty in the asset location and attributes of the exposure model. The proposed method uses the Monte Carlo sampling approach to generate a stochastic exposure database, where each asset location is generated randomly within the geometric bound of the administration, while the asset attributes (i.e. construction type and material, number of storey, building activity type and number of dwelling) are sampled from distributions built from census data. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the influence of the spatial resolution of the exposure model on the average annual losses (AAL) and catastrophe bond prices. To this end, we implement four exposure models, with spatial resolution at the asset, municipality and province levels, on a study region comprising ten provinces in southern Italy. Compared to the proposed model, the exposure model where assets are relocated and aggregated at the geometric centroid of the municipality underestimates AAL by $$8\%$$

8
%

, while a higher difference (up to $$20\%$$

20
%

) is observed for the exposure model where assets are relocated and aggregated at the geometric centroid of the province. We also consider an exposure model whose asset locations are extracted from publicly available building footprints. Yet, this latter model was incomplete for some provinces resulting in underestimation of AAL up to $$90\%$$

90
%

. Differences in catastrophe bond prices obtained from the four exposure models are less evident, with the exposure model built based on the building footprints showing a difference up to $$9.5\%$$

9.5
%

.
Quality of life and ability to work of patients with Post-COVID syndrome in relation to the number of existing symptoms and the duration since infection up to 12 months: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lemhöfer Christina , Sturm Christian , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Guntenbrunner Christoph , Bülow Marcus , Reuken Philipp , Quickert Stefanie , Best Norman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Following SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, patients may suffer from long-lasting symptoms regardless of disease severity. Preliminary results show limitations in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study is to show a possible change depending on the duration since infection and the accumulation of symptoms. Additionally, other possible influencing factors will be analyzed.

Methods
The study population consisted of patients (18–65 years) presenting to the Post-COVID outpatient clinic of the University Hospital Jena, Germany, between March and October 2021. The HRQoL was assessed by the use of the RehabNeQ and the SF-36. Data analysis was descriptive with frequencies, means, and/or percentages. In addition, a univariate analysis of variance was performed to show the dependence of physical and psychological HRQoL on specific factors. This was finally tested for significance at an alpha level of 5%.

Results
Data from 318 patients were analyzed, most of whom had 3–6 months of infection (56%) and 5–10 symptoms persisted (60.4%). Both mental (MCS) and physical sum score (PCS) of HRQoL were significantly lower than those of the German normal population (p < .001). The number of remaining symptoms (MCS p = .0034, PCS p = .000) as well as the perceived ability to work (MCS p = .007, PCS p = .000) influenced the HRQoL.

Conclusion
The HRQoL of patients with Post-COVID-syndrome is still reduced months after infection and so is their occupational performance. In particular, the number of symptoms could have an influence on this deficit, which would need to be further investigated. Further research is needed to detect other factors influencing HRQoL and to implement appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Parallelisation of decision-making techniques in aquaculture enterprises
Authors: Ibáñez Mario , Luna Manuel , Bosque Jose Luis , Beivide Ramón 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNowadays, theArtificial Intelligent (AI)techniques are applied in enterprise software to solveBig DataandBusiness Intelligence (BI)problems. But most AI techniques are computationally excessive, and they become unfeasible for common business use. Therefore, specific high performance computing is needed to reduce the response time and make these software applications viable on an industrial environment. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the improvement of an aquaculture BI tool based in AI techniques, using parallel programming. This tool, called AquiAID, was created by the research group of Economic Management for the Sustainable Development of Primary Sector of the Universidad de Cantabria. The parallelisation reduces the computation time up to 60 times, and the energy efficiency by 600 times with respect to the sequential program. With these improvements, the software will improve the fish farming management in aquaculture industry.
Optimality Conditions for Mathematical Programs with Orthogonality Type Constraints
Authors: Lämmel S. , Shikhman V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider the class of mathematical programs with orthogonality type constraints. Orthogonality type constraints appear by reformulating the sparsity constraint via auxiliary binary variables and relaxing them afterwards. For mathematical programs with orthogonality type constraints a necessary optimality condition in terms of T-stationarity is stated. The justification of T-stationarity is threefold. First, it allows to capture the global structure of mathematical programs with orthogonality type constraints in terms of Morse theory, i. e. deformation and cell-attachment results are established. For that, nondegeneracy for the T-stationary points is introduced and shown to hold generically. Second, we prove that Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points of the Scholtes-type regularization converge to T-stationary points of mathematical programs with orthogonality type constraints. This is done under the tailored linear independence constraint qualification, which turns out to be a generic property too. Third, we show that T-stationarity applied to the relaxation of sparsity constrained nonlinear optimization naturally leads to its M-stationary points. Moreover, we argue that all T-stationary points of this relaxation become degenerate.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular advancement appliance therapy on sleep bruxism in adults with obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study
Authors: Li Deshui , Lobbezoo Frank , Kuang Boyuan , Hilgevoord Antonius A. J. , de Vries Nico , Aarab Ghizlane 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Study objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and mandibular advancement appliance (MAA) therapy on rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), a biomarker of sleep bruxism (SB), and to compare the effects of CPAP with MAA in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
This cohort study included individuals with OSA who received treatment with CPAP or MAA. Polysomnographic recordings with and without therapy were performed in each individual. Statistical analyses were performed with repeated measures ANOVA.

Results
A total of 38 individuals with OSA were enrolled, 13 on CPAP and 25 with MAA, mean age 52.6 ± 10.6 years, 32 men, mean baseline apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 26.5 ± 15.2 events/hour, mean RMMA index 3.5 ±events/hour. In the total group, the RMMA index decreased significantly with CPAP and MAA therapies (P < 0.05). The changes in the RMMA index with therapy did not differ significantly between CPAP and MAA (P > 0.05). The RMMA index decreased in 60% of the individuals with OSA, and the changes ranged widely, with a median of 52% and an interquartile range of 107%.

Conclusions
Both CPAP and MAA therapies significantly reduce SB in individuals with OSA. However, the interindividual differences in the effects of these therapies on SB are large.
Clinical Trial Registration:https://trialsearch.who.int (NL8516); April 08, 2020
Mindfulness for Global Public Health: Critical Analysis and Agenda
Authors: Oman Doug 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe modern mindfulness movement and the public health field are aligned in many approaches, including recognizing psychosocial stress impacts and physical-mental health linkages, valuing “upstream” preventive approaches, and seeking to integrate health promotion activities across multiple social sectors. Yet mindfulness is conspicuously absent from most global and public health literature and practice, suggesting unfulfilled potential. This paper analyzes the mindfulness field from a public health perspective, with the aim of identifying evidential and conceptual bases, methods, potential consequences, and initial research and action agendas for greater integration of mindfulness approaches into global, national, and local public health efforts.MethodsThis paper reviews scientific and scholarly literature on the currently existing and potential relationships between mindfulness and public health, with special attention to 14 dimensions of potential tension or alignment.ResultsSeveral alignments were noted above. However, the mindfulness field is substantially lagging on multi-level interventions (e.g., both individual and collective levels), cultural and religious adaptations, and epidemiologic underpinnings. Both mindfulness and public health initiatives are in need of efforts to promote intercultural, interreligious, and intercontemplative competencies, in developing interventions to address pathogenic factors in the collective attentional environments in society, and in attending to religious and spiritual factors.ConclusionsFull public health uptake will benefit from several additional lines of research and innovation, especially greater attention to cultural and religious adaptation, with attention also much needed to multi-level interventions and epidemiologic foundations.
Die Artenkenntnis von angehenden Biologie- und Sachunterrichtslehrkräften zum Ökosystem Wattenmeer
Authors: Schmäing Till , Grotjohann Norbert 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungFür das Verständnis und den Schutz von Ökosystemen ist die Kenntnis von in diesen vorkommenden Arten wichtig. Die Artenkenntnis von Schüler:innen in Deutschland hat in den letzten Jahren abgenommen. Als ein Grund dafür wird in der Literatur die mangelnde Artenkenntnis von Lehrkräften angeführt, allerdings ist diese bisher nur wenig erforscht. Da vor allem dem Biologieunterricht für die Vermittlung von Artenkenntnis eine besondere Relevanz zukommt, liegt es im Erkenntnisinteresse der biologiedidaktischen Forschung, die Artenkenntnis von angehenden Lehrkräften zu untersuchen. In dieser Studie wurde mit einer inhaltlichen Bezugnahme zum UNESCO-Weltnaturerbe Wattenmeer ein heimisches Ökosystem ausgewählt, welches sowohl im schulischen als auch im außerschulischen Bereich ein hohes Potenzial für die Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung besitzt. Insgesamt wurden 206 Lehramtsstudierende der Unterrichtsfächer Biologie und Sachunterricht (M = 23,4 Jahre) mit Zeichnungen zu ihrer Kenntnis von 18 Tierarten aus diesem Ökosystem befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Artenkenntnis im Durchschnitt gering ist. Die mit Abstand bekannteste Tierart ist die Silbermöwe, der Bäumchenröhrenwurm ist hingegen nahezu unbekannt. Ein ungepaarter t-Test belegt, dass es zwischen der Artenkenntnis von Bachelor- und Masterstudierenden keinen signifikanten Unterschied gibt. Zudem illustrieren weitere ungepaarte t-Tests den signifikanten Einfluss von privaten Erfahrungen im Wattenmeer auf die Artenkenntnis, ein Einfluss von Erfahrungen aus der eigenen Schulzeit ist hingegen nicht vorhanden. Aus einer Korrelationsanalyse geht der positive Zusammenhang zwischen der Artenkenntnis und der Naturverbundenheit hervor. Im Allgemeinen wird von den angehenden Lehrkräften die Relevanz der Artenkenntnis für Lehrer:innen als eher hoch und für Schüler:innen als eher gering sowie das Wattenmeer als geeigneter außerschulischer Lernort beurteilt.
Towards a better understanding of the characteristics of fractal networks
Authors: Zakar-Polyák Enikő , Nagy Marcell , Molontay Roland 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fractal nature of complex networks has received a great deal of research interest in the last two decades. Similarly to geometric fractals, the fractality of networks can also be defined with the so-called box-covering method. A network is called fractal if the minimum number of boxes needed to cover the entire network follows a power-law relation with the size of the boxes. The fractality of networks has been associated with various network properties throughout the years, for example, disassortativity, repulsion between hubs, long-range-repulsive correlation, and small edge betweenness centralities. However, these assertions are usually based on tailor-made network models and on a small number of real networks, hence their ubiquity is often disputed. Since fractal networks have been shown to have important properties, such as robustness against intentional attacks, it is in dire need to uncover the underlying mechanisms causing fractality. Hence, the main goal of this work is to get a better understanding of the origins of fractality in complex networks. To this end, we systematically review the previous results on the relationship between various network characteristics and fractality. Moreover, we perform a comprehensive analysis of these relations on five network models and a large number of real-world networks originating from six domains. We clarify which characteristics are universally present in fractal networks and which features are just artifacts or coincidences.
Towards 3D Scene Understanding Using Differentiable Rendering
Authors: Periyasamy Arul Selvam , Behnke Sven 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeep learning methods have achieved significant results in many 2D computer vision tasks. To realize similar results in 3D tasks, equipping deep learning pipelines with components that incorporate knowledge about 2D image generation from the 3D scene description is a promising research direction. Rasterization, the standard formulation of the image generation process is not differentiable, and thus not compatible with the deep learning models trained using gradient-based optimization schemes. In recent years, many new approximate differentiable renderers have been proposed to enable compatibility between deep learning methods and image rendering techniques. Differentiable renderers fit naturally into the render-and-compare framework where the 3D scene parameters are estimated iteratively by minimizing the error between the observed image and the image rendered according to the current scene parameter estimate. In this article, we present StilllebenDR, a light-weight, scalable differentiable renderer built as an extension to the openly available Stillleben library. We demonstrate the usability of the proposed differentiable renderer for the task of iterative 3D deformable registration using a latent shape-space model and occluded object pose refinement using order-independent transparency based on analytical gradients and learned scene aggregation.
Misleading Ballot Positions and Invalid Votes
Authors: Lee Ha Na , Song B. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study how a combination of random ballot ordering and concurrent elections can increase invalid votes in the context of South Korea. In South Korea, elections for the nonpartisan superintendent of education are held concurrently with other partisan races. Whereas the ballot order for candidates in the nonpartisan superintendent of education elections is randomized and rotated, this order for other partisan races is determined according to the number of seats each party has in the national legislature. In this study, we found that a match between candidates’ partisan preferences and their ballot positions decreases invalid votes. Our findings suggest that combining two different ballot-order schemes for concurrently held elections can confuse voters and increase invalid votes.
A model for an epidemic with contact tracing and cluster isolation, and a detection paradox
Authors: Bertoin Jean 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe determine the distributions of some random variables related to a simple model of an epidemic with contact tracing and cluster isolation. This enables us to apply general limit theorems for super-critical Crump–Mode–Jagers branching processes. Notably, we compute explicitly the asymptotic proportion of isolated clusters with a given size amongst all isolated clusters, conditionally on survival of the epidemic. Somewhat surprisingly, the latter differs from the distribution of the size of a typical cluster at the time of its detection, and we explain the reasons behind this seeming paradox.