bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enforcement of Minimum Labor Standards and Institutionalized Exploitation of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in the EU
Authors: Bruzelius Cecilia , Seeleib-Kaiser Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on labor rights of mobile seasonal workers, and the enforcement thereof, in the agricultural and forestry sector of the EU. We demonstrate that although the EU has explicitly acknowledged the precarious working conditions of seasonal agricultural workers and the need to change policies in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic at the discursive level, the EU continues to have very limited enforcement capacities and competencies and plays an ambivalent role. As enforcement continues to depend on Member States’ policies and measures, we compare enforcement practices in the agriculture and forestry sector across four countries with different enforcement regimes—Austria, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Our analysis suggests that seasonal workers’ rights in agriculture and forestry are neglected across countries, irrespective of enforcement regime. We argue that the scant efforts made to enforce these workers’ rights amounts to institutionalized exploitation of seasonal workers.
Translator
Authors: Bushman Richard Lyman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 1828, Joseph Smith assumed a role entirely out of keeping with his education and unprecedented in the history of prophetic figures. He presumed to translate. He began with the Book of Mormon and continued to the Bible and the Egyptian scrolls that became the Book of Abraham. He was led to translate by the pressure exerted on him by the gold plates with the strange characters inscribed on their surfaces. At first, he could not help thinking of the plates as another form of treasure like that he had helped his father search for, but over four years he finally realized they were a record requiring translation. It is not entirely clear how translation was accomplished, but it involved the “spectacles” that came with the plates and possibly a seer stone he used in searching for treasure. With the gift of translation came a prophetic voice heard subsequently in the Book of Moses and Smith’s many other revelations.
Art: 1833–2023Poetry
Authors: Bushman Richard Lyman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, poets and painters interpreted the plates in many different ways.. They borrowed perspectives from from their own times and applied them to the Book of Mormon and the plates. In the antebellum period, American poets mourned the silence of lost Indian civilizations. Latter-day Saint poets adopted the same elegiac stance but then rejoiced that through the gold plates the native peoples now could speak. In the twentieth century, poets and painters, led by Clint Larson and Arnold Friberg, played up Wagnerian scenes of dying civilizations. Such fashions faded in time and new ones succeeded them, including the efforts of global artists to paint the gold plates story in forms intelligible both to people in their home countries and to traditional Latter-day Saints. Novelists and playwrights drew on the magic of the plates to enrich their plots. The styles of presentation constantly shifted as the ambient culture evolved.
Anne Carson
Authors: Coles Elizabeth Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The scholar is transparent and accountable, the poet inward and errant: anyone who reads Anne Carson has to suspend many such separations of power. The first major critical study of her work, Anne Carson: The Glass Essayist makes the case for the acclaimed poet, classicist, and translator as a remarkable experimental scholar and reader, who rehearses scholarly methods while slipping their constraints of form and emotion. Carson’s attention to sources, ancient and modern, textual or visual, is one of few constants across almost four decades of her published writing, whose uncertain claims on discipline and genre are claimed here as a certain interpretive style. The book follows Carson’s readings through variations in form—from early academic prose and poem-essays to creative adaptations and works for performance—to come to grips with what Coles calls Carson’s transparency: not her easiness or literalism, but a taste for the exposure of her presence, working process, and intent. Carson’s portraits of mediation perform her interventions for the reader, yet they play compellingly with a desire to cut mediation, argument, even authorship, out of the picture; with commitments to poetic economy, constrained writing, chance, impersonation, imitation, and the performative. Coles situates Carson in a vibrant contemporary conversation around the essay, scholar-poets, and post-critical form, where creation transacts critique, and where roles and prerogatives are reset. Reading Carson as a reader, the book argues, is the most pressing way of reading her now.
Lyric Transparency and the “Fictional Essay”
Authors: Coles Elizabeth Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 approaches Carson’s philosophically minded, transparently personal verse narrative, The Beauty of the Husband: A Fictional Essay in 29 Tangos: “an essay on Keats’s idea that beauty is truth,” studded with fragments of Keats marginalia, yet not in any direct sense “about” Keats. As in “The Glass Essay,” the reading is collapsed into the autofiction offered in its stead; the Keats fragments, along with inconsistently attributed quotations from other authors, exchange valence with the facts of Carson’s “story of a marriage” in a continuous lyric texture. Fiction (mimesis, sophistry, infidelity, lie) unsteadies this story and performs a critical response to Keats aslant. The chapter argues for an extreme form of lyric transparency, in which the reading of Keats is boundaryless—nowhere and everywhere to be found—and in which “story” and “essay” displace and expose one another’s purposes, speaking to and skewing the idea of the “essay.”
Grief Lessons
Authors: Coles Elizabeth Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter approaches two of Carson’s most striking translation projects: Nox, a multimodal prose commentary and translation of Catullus 101, and Antigonick, an illustrated adaptation of Sophokles’s Antigone. Their subject matter is grief and its afterlife, following the loss of a brother; yet in Carson’s transformative versions, both texts become striking expressions of the dilemma of how to comprehend the lives and languages of others. Both tell stories—apocryphal stories, critical histories, personal associations—to which the source text has been bound. Both open the translator’s artifice to scrutiny through commentary, interpolations, and the hand-produced documents of which both are facsimiles. Coles considers the ways these works remain “open”: open to collaboration, permeable to personal and critical histories, vitally unfinished and unfinishable, offering little or no closure to grief and violence, or to comprehending and translating the grievance of others. The chapter situates the documentary and critical verve of these translations in relation to Carson’s wider processual self-exposure.
Can We Survive?
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses Surviving Death by Mark Johnston, which shows a deep understanding of the natural fear of death and rejects a number of traditional religious and philosophical accounts of how people might survive it. It talks about how surviving biological death may be theoretically possible, even if one assumes a naturalistic world view. It also looks at Johnston’s conviction that led him to seek a demonstration that death is better for the good than for the bad, which became the key to his analysis of survival. The chapter examines alternative theories that fall into three types: immortality of the soul, resurrection of the body, and psychological continuity. It discusses Johnston’s arguments that constitute an excellent tour of the territory of theological and philosophical theories of personal identity.
Assistance In Dying
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores how the majority of people would like to have some control over the time and manner of their deaths should they find themselves in a condition so hopeless that there is no point in going on. In most of the world, the legally permissible forms of controlling death do not include voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide: a physician may not administer or prescribe for self-administration a lethal drug for the purpose of ending life, even at the explicit request of a fully competent patient. The chapter looks at Assisted Death by L. W. Sumner, which argues that there is no ethical bright line between assisted death and all the other end-of-life measures which may hasten death. By assisted death, Sumner means either providing or administering a lethal medication in order to cause the patient’s death as a means of relieving his suffering.
Peter Singer and You
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Peter Singer, who is an important figure in moral philosophy and provides advice that would require most people to change their lives. It discusses Singer’s 1975 book Animal Liberation, which led to effective movements in reducing the suffering of animals in factory farming, scientific experiments, and testing of commercial products. It also reviews Singer’s claims about what well-off people in affluent societies should do to help those living in absolute poverty elsewhere in the world, which he hopes to remedy with his book The Life You Can Save. The chapter mentions Liam Murphy, who claims contra Singer that the responsibility to aid those in desperate need is a collective responsibility, and that everyone is required only to do their fair share. What makes Singer’s principle so demanding is that most affluent people contribute nothing to alleviate extreme poverty.
Law, Morality, and Truth
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the philosophy of Ronald Dworkin. Most of Dworkin’s work is a defense and exploration of the domain of objective value—an attempt to show that it makes sense to seek objectively right answers to difficult questions of law, of morality, and even of how to live. He argued, firstly, that the domain of value is a unity, and that its components must be consistent with one another: there cannot be irreconcilable conflicts among genuine values. Secondly, the truth in this domain cannot be simply read off from our evaluative and moral concepts, because the content of those concepts is itself the object of evaluative disagreement: so the investigation of moral and evaluative truth must be a process of interpretation, and this interpretation must itself be an exercise of value judgment. Thirdly, the guiding value that succeeds in unifying our values is that of dignity, which in turn has two interdependent components: equality and individual responsibility. Dworkin believed that these complementary values enabled him to dissolve all the traditional tensions within moral and political theory.
Plantinga on Science and Religion
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes Alvin Plantinga’s claim that “there is superficial conflict but deep concord between science and theistic religion, but superficial concord and deep conflict between science and naturalism.” Plantinga holds, first, that the theistic conception of the relation between God, the natural world, and ourselves makes it reasonable for us to regard our perceptual and rational faculties as reliable. Second, he holds that the naturalistic conception of the world, and of ourselves as products of unguided Darwinian evolution, makes it unreasonable for us to believe that our cognitive faculties are reliable, and therefore unreasonable to believe any theories they may lead us to form, including the theory of evolution. In other words, belief in naturalism combined with belief in evolution is self-defeating. However, Plantinga thinks we can reasonably believe that we are the products of evolution provided we also believe, contrary to naturalism, that the process was in some way guided by God. The chapter then looks at Plantinga’s general theory of knowledge and his view on faith.
Is Metaphysics Possible?
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores Barry Stroud’s argument that the project of metaphysics cannot be carried out because we are too immersed in the system of concepts that we hope to subject to metaphysical assessment. This “prevents us from finding enough distance between our conception of the world and the world it is meant to be a conception of to allow for an appropriately impartial metaphysical verdict on the relation between the two.” Stroud believes that we cannot succeed in reaching either a positive (often called “realist”) or a negative (“antirealist”) metaphysical verdict about a number of basic conceptions. He argues for this claim in detail with respect to three of the most fundamental and philosophically contested concepts: causality, necessity, and value. Stroud also examines and responds with care to the sophisticated neo-Humean projectivist view called quasi-realism. He argues that quasi-realism both fails to give a plausible reading of our ordinary causal beliefs and cannot avoid relying on mind-independent causal claims of the kind it professes to abjure.
Bread and Autocracy
Authors: Azarieva Janetta , Brudny Yitzhak M. , Finkel Eugene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Food has been crucial to the functioning and survival of governments and regimes since the emergence of early states. Only in a few countries is the connection between food and politics as pronounced as in Russia. Virtually every significant development in Russian and Soviet history since the 1917 Revolution has been either directly driven by or closely associated with the question of food and access to it. Food shortages played a critical role in the collapse of both the Russian Empire and the USSR. Under Vladimir Putin’s watch, Russia, a major importer of grain, transformed itself into the world’s largest exporter. Bread and Autocracy focuses on this crucial yet widely overlooked transformation. The book argues that this transformation was a result of a deliberate government strategy. The Kremlin’s aim is to achieve nutritional independence and shield Putin’s Russia from dependence on food imports. Self-sufficiency in key food staples is meant to protect the regime from food shortages in case of a major confrontation with the West, for which Putin has long prepared. Russia’s focus on nutritional self-sufficiency also sets the country apart from almost all modern autocracies. While many authoritarian regimes have adopted industrial import-substitution policies, in Putin’s Russia it is the substitution of food imports with domestically produced crops that is crucial for regime survival. Bread and Autocracy presents the connection between food, politics, and security in post-Soviet Russia and shows the emergence of food self-sufficiency as key pillar of regime security, stability, and survival.
Food, Security, and Food Security
Authors: Azarieva Janetta , Brudny Yitzhak M. , Finkel Eugene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The period 2000–2010 saw the rapid growth of Russia’s food production, especially in the grain sphere. Self-sufficiency in grain was the first necessary step that allowed the rapid expansion of other sectors, such as dairy and meat. This chapter focuses on the emergence of nutritional independence as the key political and security goal for the Kremlin. More specifically, we zoom in on Russia’s 2010 Food Security Doctrine, a key ideological document that outlines the regime’s end goal of nutritional independence. The first part of the chapter presents the Doctrine’s goals, ideological foundations, the reasons for its adoption, and its wider significance for Russian politics. In the second half, the chapter discusses the practical consequences of the Doctrine’s adoption and how the Kremlin prioritized self-sufficiency in food during the 2010 drought year.
Top Feeders
Authors: Azarieva Janetta , Brudny Yitzhak M. , Finkel Eugene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The previous chapters discussed the political and security considerations that led the Russian government to invest in domestic food production. However, the vast majority of Russian food producers are privately owned. This chapter focuses on the most important food producers, the agro-holdings—large-scale, vertically integrated agricultural conglomerates. More specifically, the chapter presents three key agricultural holding companies: Agrocomplex, Rusagro, and Miratorg. These holdings exemplify the different modes of state-large agribusiness relations, yet each depends heavily on state funding and support. The chapter discusses the specific ways in which these agro-holdings benefit from the Kremlin’s desire to shore up domestic production and achieve nutritional self-sufficiency.
Introduction
Authors: Ko Jiyoung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by introducing the theoretical and empirical puzzle of the book: does popular nationalism cause interstate war? To answer this question, the chapter first defines what popular nationalism is and discusses its several distinctive characteristics. In doing so, the chapter clarifies how popular nationalism differs from other related concepts, such as populism, ethnic nationalism, and civic nationalism. It then discusses from whom popular nationalism emerges and defines the book’s scope condition. Next, it introduces the book’s core arguments and discusses its main contributions to the international relations scholarship. The chapter closes by providing a roadmap for the rest of the book.
Chinese Nationalistic Sentiments and Mass Foreign Policy Preferences
Authors: Ko Jiyoung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates to what extent the stimulation of nationalistic sentiments generates adverse foreign policy preferences among the Chinese mass public, using a survey experiment. The experiment utilized visual stimuli drawn from real-world sources to stoke respondents’ nationalistic sentiments and measured their foreign policy preferences in the context of the country’s territorial dispute with Japan. The experimental results show that the stimulation of nationalistic sentiments can induce two adverse foreign policy preferences among the Chinese public, namely, a preference for hawkish means and a preference for complete victory, but not in all circumstances. Whether such adverse preferences emerge or not is dependent on the contexts in which nationalistic sentiments are stimulated, specifically whether those sentiments are aroused in relation to the national Self or Others.
Chinese Popular Nationalism and the Territorial Dispute with Japan
Authors: Ko Jiyoung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates how Chinese popular nationalism has influenced the country’s decision of using force or maintaining the status quo in the Senkaku/Diaoyu/Diaoyutai Islands dispute between China/Taiwan and Japan in the East China Sea. The chapter illustrates how China has mainly exercised restraint and maintained the status quo in this dispute, despite strong popular nationalism. Although China has been rising rapidly, its complete victory in conflict has been a distant possibility at best, and with the lack of competitive nationalist political opposition, popular nationalism has had a restraining effect. The chapter also provides a close investigation of a crisis triggered by Japan’s nationalization of the disputed islands in 2012. The chapter contrasts China’s restrained behavior with a more assertive approach taken by Taiwan.
Territory, War, and the “Territorial Trap”
Authors: Kadercan Burak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the two central research questions. First, how exactly do different territorial ideas affect the ways in which states fight their wars? Second, what specific roles have wars played in the evolution of the dominant territorial ideas in world politics? The chapter offers a brief overview of the existing research on the relationship between territory and armed conflict, categorizing the relevant perspectives into three: evolutionary, materialistic, and constructivist. Of these, the constructivist approach holds the greatest potential to explore the role of “territorial ideas” in world politics, especially in the context of armed conflict. IR constructivism, in turn, can benefit greatly from the research in political geography. For such interdisciplinary dialogues to flourish, two challenges need to be met: IR research should more explicitly define “territory,” and it also needs to move beyond what John Agnew dubbed the territorial trap. The chapter outlines the research methodology, which is built around abduction and paradigmatic case studies, and then summarizes the book’s contributions.
Fluid Frontiers and Forever War II
Authors: Kadercan Burak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with virulent territorial order, which is not only rather rare in history, but is also rarely recognized as a distinct territorial model in IR research. Just as it is the case with amorphous territoriality, states that adhere to virulent orders envision territorial war as a continuous process and aim to expand the spatial extent of their authority, not only through conquest and extension of direct sovereignty, but also by creating spheres of influence, satellites, and dependencies. What separates virulent territoriality from amorphous territoriality is the emphasis the former model places on homogenizing societies within and beyond the relevant states’ domains, which is closely associated with their incentives to reterritorialize target areas. Accordingly, virulent orders are usually associated with severe and continuous conflict. Historically speaking, virulent orders are usually, if not always, professed by revolutionary movements and states. In order to examine the plausibility of these claims, this chapter first offers a general discussion on virulent territoriality, then examines two distinct paradigmatic cases: revolutionary/Napoleonic France and the group known as ISIS.
Conclusion
Authors: Kadercan Burak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter first offers a brief summary of the previous chapters and then highlights some implications of the previous discussion for present-day global politics, while also offering a number of potential venues for future research. First, the chapter reiterates and refines the call for further interdisciplinary dialogues between IR scholars and political geographers. This segment is followed by a discussion on the relationship between territory and armed conflict in the twenty-first century, which addresses numerous topics that range from so-called artificial borders and foreign-imposed nation-building campaigns to the resilience of dual territoriality across the globe. The third section involves the Russo-Ukrainian War; this segment scrutinizes the association between the dominant territorial ideas in Russia as well Ukraine and the causes, conduct, and potential consequences of the war that broke out in February 2022. Last, the chapter revisits the colonial and racist origins of the present-day territorial arrangements. We may have moved beyond formal empires and blatant racism, but we still have a long way to move beyond the long-term legacies of imperialism and racism, which still affect how we think of and talk about the present-day global territorial arrangements.