bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the Guyana landmark local content law
Authors: Pereira Eduardo G , Asiago Berryl Claire , Elias-Roberts Alicia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
On 31 December 2021, the historical Local Content Bill reached the final steps of the legislative process after the Guyanese President, Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali, finally assented the Bill into law. Officially, incorporating it into the country’s legal architecture as the Local Content Act No 18 of 2021. This article reviews the said Local Content Act to determine if the said legislation meets the best industry practices or not and why.
From stress to responses: aluminium-induced signalling in the root apex
Authors: Wang Peng , Wan Ning , Horst Walter J , Yang Zhong-Bao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major constraints for crop growth and productivity in most of the acid soils worldwide. The primary lesion of Al toxicity is the rapid inhibition of root elongation. The root apex, especially the transition zone (TZ), has been identified as the major site of Al accumulation and injury. The signalling, in particular through phytohormones in the root apex TZ in response to Al stress, has been reported to play crucial roles in the regulation of Al-induced root growth inhibition. The binding of Al in the root apoplast is the initial event leading to inhibition of root elongation. Much progress has been made during recent years in understanding the molecular functions of cell wall modification and Al resistance-related genes in Al resistance or toxicity, and several signals including phytohormones, Ca2+, etc. have been reported to be involved in these processes. Here we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of Al-induced signalling and regulatory networks in the root apex involved in the regulation of Al-induced inhibition of root growth and Al toxicity/resistance. This knowledge provides novel insights into how Al-induced signals are recognized by root apical cells, transmitted from the apoplast to symplast, and finally initiate the defence system against Al. We conclude that the apoplast plays a decisive role in sensing and transmitting the Al-induced signals into the symplast, further stimulating a series of cellular responses (e.g. exudation of organic acid anions from roots) to adapt to the stress. We expect to stimulate new research by focusing on the signalling events in the root apex in response to Al stress, particularly taking into consideration the signal transduction between the meristem zone, TZ, and elongation zone and the apoplast and symplast.
A finitary outer measure logic
Authors: Baratella Stefano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe extend classical first-order logic with a family of weak probability quantifiers, which we call submeasure quantifiers. Formulas are finitary, but infinitary deduction rules are needed. We consider first-order structures that are equipped with a countable family of submeasures (hence the name of the new quantifiers). We prove that every consistent set of sentences in the resulting logic is satisfiable in some structure as above. Then we restrict the set of formulas by requiring that no submeasure quantifier occurs within the scope of some classical quantifier. By suitably extending the deduction rules, we prove that every consistent set of sentences from the restricted class of formulas is satisfiable in some structure whose submeasures are actually outer measures. To perform the last step, we apply nonstandard techniques à la A. Robinson.
Calibration of neutron star natal kick velocities to isolated pulsar observations
Authors: Kapil Veome , Mandel Ilya , Berti Emanuele , Müller Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Current prescriptions for supernova natal kicks in rapid binary population synthesis simulations are based on fits of simple functions to single pulsar velocity data. We explore a new parametrization of natal kicks received by neutron stars in isolated and binary systems developed by Mandel & Müller, which is based on 1D models and 3D supernova simulations, and accounts for the physical correlations between progenitor properties, remnant mass, and the kick velocity. We constrain two free parameters in this model using very long baseline interferometry velocity measurements of Galactic single pulsars. We find that the inferred values of natal kick parameters do not differ significantly between single and binary evolution scenarios. The best-fitting values of these parameters are $v$ns = 520 km s−1 for the scaling prefactor for neutron star kicks, and σns = 0.3 for the fractional stochastic scatter in the kick velocities.
The physical nature of circumgalactic medium absorbers in Simba
Authors: Appleby Sarah , Davé Romeel , Sorini Daniele , Cui Weiguang , Christiansen Jacob 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the nature of the low-redshift circumgalactic medium (CGM) in the Simba  cosmological simulations as traced by ultraviolet absorption lines around galaxies in bins of stellar mass ($\mbox{$M_\star $}\, &gt; 10^{10}{\rm M}_\odot$) for star-forming, green valley and quenched galaxies at impact parameters r⊥ ≤ 1.25r200. We generate synthetic spectra for H i , Mg ii , C ii , Si iii , C iv , and O vi , fit Voigt profiles to obtain line properties, and estimate the density, temperature, and metallicity of the absorbing gas. We find that CGM absorbers are most abundant around star-forming galaxies with $\mbox{$M_\star $}\, &lt; 10^{11}\,\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$, while the abundance of green valley galaxies show similar behaviour to those of quenched galaxies, suggesting that the CGM ‘quenches’ before star formation ceases. H i  absorbing gas exists across a broad range of cosmic phases [condensed gas, diffuse gas, hot halo gas, and Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM)], while essentially all low ionization metal absorption arises from condensed gas. O vi absorbers are split between hot halo gas and the WHIM. The fraction of collisionally ionized CGM absorbers is $\sim 25{\text{--}}55{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for C iv  and $\sim 80{\text{--}}95{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for O vi , depending on stellar mass and impact parameter. In general, the highest column density absorption features for each ion arise from dense gas. Satellite gas, defined as that within 10r1/2,⋆, contributes $\sim 3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of overall H i  absorption but $\sim 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of Mg ii  absorption, with the fraction from satellites decreasing with increasing ion excitation energy.
MeerKAT discovery of 13 new pulsars in Omega Centauri
Authors: Chen W , Freire P C C , Ridolfi A , Barr E D , Stappers B , Kramer M , Possenti A , Ransom S M , Levin L , Breton R P , Burgay M , Camilo F , Buchner S , Champion D J , Abbate F , Venkatraman Krishnan V , Padmanabh P V , Gautam T , Vleeschower L , Geyer M , Grießmeier J-M , Men Y P , Balakrishnan V , Bezuidenhout M C 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe most massive globular cluster in our Galaxy, Omega Centauri, is an interesting target for pulsar searches, because of its multiple stellar populations and the intriguing possibility that it was once the nucleus of a galaxy that was absorbed into the Milky Way. The recent discoveries of pulsars in this globular cluster and their association with known X-ray sources was a hint that, given the large number of known X-ray sources, there is a much larger undiscovered pulsar population. We used the superior sensitivity of the MeerKAT radio telescope to search for pulsars in Omega Centauri. In this paper, we present some of the first results of this survey, including the discovery of 13 new pulsars; the total number of known pulsars in this cluster currently stands at 18. At least half of them are in binary systems and preliminary orbital constraints suggest that most of the binaries have light companions. We also discuss the ratio between isolated and binaries pulsars, and how they were formed in this cluster.
The sculpting of rectangular and jet-like morphologies in supernova remnants by anisotropic equatorially confined progenitor stellar winds
Authors: Velázquez P F , Meyer D M-A , Chiotellis A , Cruz-Álvarez A E , Schneiter E M , Toledo-Roy J C , Reynoso E M , Esquivel A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Thermonuclear and core-collapse supernova remnants (SNRs) are the nebular leftovers of defunct stars. Their morphology and emission properties provide insights into the evolutionary history of the progenitor star. But while some SNRs are spherical, as expected from a point-like explosion expanding into a roughly uniform medium, many others exhibit complex non-spherical morphologies that are often not easily explained. In this work, we use 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations to show that rectangular and jet-like morphologies can be explained by supernovae (SNe), either type Ia or type II, expanding within anisotropic, bipolar stellar wind bubbles driven by the progenitor star. The stellar wind has an anisotropic density distribution, which channels the SN ejecta differently depending on the anisotropy characteristics. We compute synthetic thermal (X-ray) and non-thermal (synchrotron) emission maps from our numerical simulations to compare with observations. We find rectangular morphologies are generated when the stellar wind has a high-mass loss rate and forms a dense, narrow disc at the equatorial region. Instead, a jet-like or ear-like morphology is obtained when the stellar wind develops a wide, dense disc. Stellar winds with low mass-loss rates do not strongly influence the SNR morphology. Finally, our synthetic synchrotron and X-ray maps for the high mass-loss rate case qualitatively agree with the observations of the SNRs G332.5-5.6 and G290.1-0.8.
Cocoon breakout and escape from the ejecta of neutron star mergers
Authors: Hamidani Hamid , Ioka Kunihito 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The cocoon is an inevitable product of a jet propagating through ambient matter, and takes a fair fraction of the jet energy. In short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs), the ambient matter is the ejecta from the merger of neutron stars, expanding with a high velocity ∼0.2c, in contrast to the static stellar envelope in collapsars. Using 2D relativistic hydrodynamic simulations with the ejecta density profile as ρ ∝ r−2, we find that the expansion makes a big difference; only 0.5–5 per cent of the cocoon mass escapes from (faster than) the ejecta, with an opening angle 20°–30°, while it is $\sim 100{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and spherical in collapsars. We also analytically obtain the shares of mass and energies for the escaped and trapped cocoons. Because the mass of the escaped cocoon is small and the trapped cocoon is concealed by the ejecta and the escaped cocoon, we suggest that it is unlikely that cooling emission from the sGRB-jet heated cocoon was observed as a counterpart to the gravitational wave event GW170817.
Broad-line region in NGC 4151 monitored by two decades of reverberation mapping campaigns – I. Evolution of structure and kinematics
Authors: Chen Yong-Jie , Bao Dong-Wei , Zhai Shuo , Fang Feng-Na , Hu Chen , Du Pu , Yang Sen , Yao Zhu-Heng , Li Yan-Rong , Brotherton Michael S , McLane Jacob N , Zastrocky T E , Olson Kianna A , Bon Edi , Bai Hua-Rui , Fu Yi-Xin , Liu Jun-Rong , Wang Yi-Lin , Maithil Jaya , Kobulnicky H A , Dale D A , Adelman C , Caradonna M J , Carter Z , Favro J , Ferguson A J , Gonzalez I M , Hadding L M , Hagler H D , Murphree G , Oeur M , Rogers C J , Roth T , Schonsberg S , Stack T R , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the results of long-term reverberation mapping campaigns of the nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) NGC 4151, spanning from 1994 to 2022, based on archived observations of the FAST Spectrograph Publicly Archived Programs and our new observations with the 2.3 m telescope at the Wyoming Infrared Observatory. We reduce and calibrate all the spectra in a consistent way, and derive light curves of the broad H β line and 5100 Å continuum. Continuum light curves are also constructed using public archival photometric data to increase sampling cadences. We subtract the host galaxy contamination using Hubble Space Telescope imaging to correct fluxes of the calibrated light curves. Utilizing the long-term archival photometric data, we complete the absolute flux-calibration of the AGN continuum. We find that the H β time delays are correlated with the 5100 Å luminosities as $\tau _{\rm H\beta }\propto L_{5100}^{0.46\pm 0.16}$. This is remarkably consistent with Bentz et al. (2013)’s global size–luminosity relationship of AGNs. Moreover, the data sets for five of the seasons allow us to obtain the velocity-resolved delays of the H β line, showing diverse structures (outflows, inflows, and discs). Combining our results with previous independent measurements, we find the measured dynamics of the H β broad-line region (BLR) are possibly related to the long-term trend of the luminosity. There is also a possible additional ∼1.86 yr time lag between the variation in BLR radius and luminosity. These results suggest that dynamical changes in the BLR may be driven by the effects of radiation pressure.
DUSTiER (DUST in the Epoch of Reionization): dusty galaxies in cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the Epoch of Reionization with RAMSES-CUDATON
Authors: Lewis Joseph S W , Ocvirk Pierre , Dubois Yohan , Aubert Dominique , Chardin Jonathan , Gillet Nicolas , Thélie Émilie 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
In recent years, interstellar dust has become a crucial topic in the study of the high redshift Universe. Evidence points to the existence of large dust masses in massive star forming galaxies already during the Epoch of Reionization, potentially affecting the escape of ionizing photons into the intergalactic medium. Moreover, correctly estimating dust extinction at UV wavelengths is essential for precise ultra-violet luminosity function (UVLF) prediction and interpretation. In this paper, we investigate the impact of dust on the observed properties of high redshift galaxies, and cosmic reionization. To this end, we couple a physical model for dust production to the fully coupled radiation-hydrodynamics cosmological simulation code RAMSES-CUDATON, and perform a 16 cMpc3 h−3, 20483, simulation, that we call DUSTiER for DUST in the Epoch of Reionization. It yields galaxies with dust masses and UV slopes roughly compatible with constraints at z ≥5. We find that extinction has a dramatic impact on the bright end of the UVLF, even as early as $\rm z=8$, and our dusty UVLFs are in better agreement with observations than dust-less UVLFs. The fraction of obscured star formation rises up to 45 per cent at $\rm z=5$, consistent with some of the latest results from ALMA. Finally, we find that dust reduces the escape of ionizing photons from galaxies more massive than 1010 M⊙ (brighter than ≈ −18 $\rm M_{AB1600}$) by &gt;10 per cent, and possibly up to 80–90 per cent for our most massive galaxies. Nevertheless, we find that the ionizing escape fraction is first and foremost set by neutral Hydrogen in galaxies, as the latter produces transmissions up to 100 times smaller than through dust alone.
Where are the missing symbiotic stars? Uncovering hidden symbiotic stars in public catalogues
Authors: Akras Stavros 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Theoretical predictions of the population of Galactic symbiotic stars (SySts) are highly inconsistent with the current known population. Despite intense effort over the past decades, observations are still far below the predictions. The majority of known SySts so far are identified based on selection criteria established in the optical regime. The recent discovery of SU Lyn with very faint optical emission lines uncloaked a subgroup of SySts with accreting-only white dwarfs. In this particular case, the luminous red giant may overshadow the dimmed white dwarf companion. A new approach to search for this subgroup of SySts is presented, employing GALEX UV and 2MASS/AllWISE IR photometry. The FUV-NUV colour index is an indicator, direct or indirect, for the presence of hot compact companions. The cross-match of the Catalogue of Variable Stars III obtained from the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN) with the GALEX, 2MASS, and AllWISE catalogues result in a sample of 814 potential SySt candidates. From them, 105 sources have photometric measurements from both FUV and NUV bands and 35 exhibit FUV-NUV&lt;1, similar to what it is expected from known SySts. Five known SySts are recovered, while two new genuine SySts are discovered in spectroscopic follow-up observations after the detection of the typical emission lines.
Magnetic fields do not suppress global star formation in low metallicity dwarf galaxies
Authors: Whitworth David J , Smith Rowan J , Klessen Ralf S , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Glover Simon C O , Tress Robin , Pakmor Rüdiger , Soler Juan D 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Many studies concluded that magnetic fields suppress star formation in molecular clouds and Milky Way like galaxies. However, most of these studies are based on fully developed fields that have reached the saturation level, with little work on investigating how an initial weak primordial field affects star formation in low metallicity environments. In this paper, we investigate the impact of a weak initial field on low metallicity dwarf galaxies. We perform high-resolution arepo simulations of five isolated dwarf galaxies. Two models are hydrodynamical, two start with a primordial magnetic field of 10$^{-6} \, \mu$G and different sub-solar metallicities, and one starts with a saturated field of 10$^{-2} \, \mu$G. All models include a non-equilibrium, time-dependent chemical network that includes the effects of gas shielding from the ambient ultraviolet field. Sink particles form directly from the gravitational collapse of gas and are treated as star-forming clumps that can accrete gas. We vary the ambient uniform far ultraviolet field, and cosmic ray ionization rate between 1 per cent and 10 per cent of solar values. We find that the magnetic field has little impact on the global star formation rate (SFR), which is in tension with some previously published results. We further find that the initial field strength has little impact on the global SFR. We show that an increase in the mass fractions of both molecular hydrogen and cold gas, along with changes in the perpendicular gas velocity dispersion and the magnetic field acting in the weak-field model, overcome the expected suppression in star formation.
ExoMol line lists – XLVIII. High-temperature line list of thioformaldehyde (H2CS)
Authors: Mellor Thomas , Owens Alec , Tennyson Jonathan , Yurchenko Sergei N 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
A comprehensive rotation–vibration (ro–vibrational) line list of thioformaldehyde (1H212C32S) that is applicable for elevated temperatures (${2000}{\, \mathrm{K}}$) is presented. The new MOTY line list covers the 0–8000 cm−1 range (wavelengths $\lambda \gt {1.3}{\, \mu \mathrm{m}})$ and contains around 43.5 billion transitions between 52.3 million states with rotational excitation up to J = 120. Line list calculations utilize a newly determined empirically refined potential energy surface (PES) – the most accurate H2CS PES to date – a previously published high-level ab initio dipole moment surface, and the use of an exact kinetic energy operator for solving the ro–vibrational Schrödinger equation. Post-processing of the MOTY line list is performed by replacing calculated energy levels with empirically derived values, vastly improving the accuracy of predicted line positions in certain spectral windows and making the line list suitable for high-resolution applications. The MOTY line list is available from the ExoMol data base at www.exomol.com and the CDS astronomical data base.
EANO guideline on rational molecular testing of gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors in adults for targeted therapy selection
Authors: Capper David , Reifenberger Guido , French Pim J , Schweizer Leonille , Weller Michael , Touat Mehdi , Niclou Simone P , Euskirchen Philipp , Haberler Christine , Hegi Monika E , Brandner Sebastian , Le Rhun Emilie , Rudà Roberta , Sanson Marc , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Sahm Felix , Wen Patrick Y , Wesseling Pieter , Preusser Matthias , van den Bent Martin J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The mainstay of treatment for adult patients with gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors consists of combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. For many systemic cancers, targeted treatments are a part of the standard of care, however, the predictive significance of most of these targets in central nervous system (CNS) tumors remains less well-studied. Despite that, there is increasing use of advanced molecular diagnostics that identify potential targets, and tumor-agnostic regulatory approvals on targets also present in CNS tumors have been granted. This raises the question of when and for which targets it is meaningful to test in adult patients with CNS tumors. This evidence-based guideline reviews the evidence available for targeted treatment for alterations in the RAS/MAPK pathway (BRAF, NF1), in growth factor receptors (EGFR, ALK, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK), platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, and ROS1), in cell cycle signaling (CDK4/6, MDM2/4, and TSC1/2) and altered genomic stability (mismatch repair, POLE, high tumor mutational burden (TMB), homologous recombination deficiency) in adult patients with gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors. At present, targeted treatment for BRAF p.V600E alterations is to be considered part of the standard of care for patients with recurrent gliomas, pending regulatory approval. For approved tumor agnostic treatments for NTRK fusions and high TMB, the evidence for efficacy in adult patients with CNS tumors is very limited, and treatment should preferably be given within prospective clinical registries and trials. For targeted treatment of CNS tumors with FGFR fusions or mutations, clinical trials are ongoing to confirm modest activity so far observed in basket trials. For all other reviewed targets, evidence of benefit in CNS tumors is currently lacking, and testing/treatment should be in the context of available clinical trials.
Appendicularians and marine snowin situvertical distribution in Argentinean Patagonia
Authors: Giménez Eloísa M , Nocera Ariadna C , Temperoni Brenda , Winkler Gesche 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDetailed in situ vertical and temporal distribution of appendicularians, marine snow, fecal pellets, nano- and microplankton were recorded simultaneously with environmental data in the San Jorge Gulf, Argentinean Patagonia (45°–47°S). Data were taken at a fixed station over 36 h in February 2014 with an autonomous Video Plankton Recorder and a FlowCAM®. The water column was thermally stratified with a pycnocline at ~ 40 m. Appendicularians dominated in the upper 65 m with a condensed pattern above the pycnocline at high chlorophyll a concentrations, matching the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer at ~ 20 m. Our results suggest the absence of vertical migration of appendicularians. Marine snow, strongly correlated with appendicularians, showed high concentrations above the pycnocline, whereas fecal pellets from krill were distributed throughout the water column. Discarded houses of appendicularians or their mucus fragments were the main components of marine snow aggregates, with phytoplankton, detritus and krill pellets also contributing. Nanoplankton dominated over microplankton, with vertical distribution patterns that might depend on local grazing pressure and advective processes. Our study, the first one in the region using underwater imagery, emphasizes the leading contribution of appendicularians to marine snow aggregates in the San Jorge Gulf and their potential implications in the bentho-pelagic coupling.