bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water salinity measurement using a long-period grating and optical time-domain reflectometry
Authors: Jucá Marco Aurélio , Pereira Isabela Victória C. , Spelta Pedro C. G. , dos Santos Alexandre Bessa 
Published: January 2023

Salinity is a key variable in understanding several issues, from public health to food security. Measuring salinity in situ is traditionally done using conductivimetric methods, and can be challenging due to extreme temperatures, corrosive environment, and oxidation. Fiber-based methods and other alternatives proposed to date have brought a number of advantages, but present low sensor strength, complex or expensive setups, cross-influence of temperature, lack of portability, or prohibitively long response times. This work presents a simple, compact salinity sensing system that, associated with a modern interrogation technique, is capable of achieving good accuracy even in remote sensing and low salt concentrations. The sensor is a long-period grating fabricated using the point-by-point electric arc method. The interrogator is based on optical time-domain reflectometry aided by signal processing techniques inspired by audio processing. Experimental data show that the system is capable of estimating salinity in the range from 0 g/L to 80 g/L within 0.49 g/L on average, with the sensor 4 km away from the light source.
Healthy lifestyle behaviors, mediating biomarkers, and risk of microvascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study
Authors: Geng Tingting , Zhu Kai , Lu Qi , Wan Zhenzhen , Chen Xue , Liu Liegang , Pan An , Liu Gang 
Published: January 2023

Background
The influence of overall lifestyle behaviors on diabetic microvascular complications remains unknown. In addition, the potential mediating biomarkers underlying the association is unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations of the combined lifestyle factors with risks of total and individual microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to explore the potential mediation effects of metabolic biomarkers.

Methods and findings
This retrospective cohort study included 15,104 patients with T2D free of macro- and microvascular complications at baseline (2006 to 2010) from the UK Biobank. Healthy lifestyle behaviors included noncurrent smoking, recommended waist circumference, regular physical activity, healthy diet, and moderate alcohol drinking. Outcomes were ascertained using electronic health records. Over a median of 8.1 years of follow-up, 1,296 cases of the composite microvascular complications occurred, including 558 diabetic retinopathy, 625 diabetic kidney disease, and 315 diabetic neuropathy, with some patients having 2 or 3 microvascular complications simultaneously. After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, history of hypertension, glycemic control, and medication histories, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for the participants adhering 4 to 5 low-risk lifestyle behaviors versus 0 to 1 were 0.65 (0.46, 0.91) for diabetic retinopathy, 0.43 (0.30, 0.61) for diabetic kidney disease, 0.46 (0.29, 0.74) for diabetic neuropathy, and 0.54 (0.43, 0.68) for the composite outcome (all Ps-trend ≤0.01). Further, the population-attributable fraction (95% CIs) of diabetic microvascular complications for poor adherence to the overall healthy lifestyle (<4 low-risk factors) ranged from 25.3% (10.0%, 39.4%) to 39.0% (17.7%, 56.8%). In addition, albumin, HDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A, C-reactive protein, and HbA1c collectively explained 23.20% (12.70%, 38.50%) of the associations between overall lifestyle behaviors and total diabetic microvascular complications. The key limitation of the current analysis was the potential underreporting of microvascular complications because the cases were identified via electronic health records.

Conclusions
Adherence to overall healthy lifestyle behaviors was associated with a significantly lower risk of microvascular complications in patients with T2D, and the favorable associations were partially mediated through improving biomarkers of glycemic control, systemic inflammation, liver function, and lipid profile.
Cultural adaptation and validation of the “Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire” for the Portuguese population
Authors: Santos Paula Clara , Maciel Leonardo Y. S. , Abreu Sandra , Mesquita Ana Rita , Mesquita Cristina Carvalho , Lopes Sofia , Mota Jorge 
Published: January 2023

Background
The lack of instruments to assess the level of physical activity in pregnant women, led to the development of the PPAQ (Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire), a self-administered questionnaire, which has already been translated in several countries and has already been used in several studies.

Aim(s)
Translate and adapt the PPAQ into Portuguese and test its reliability and validity.

Methods
An analytical observational study was carried out. Linguistic and semantic equivalence was performed through translation and back-translation and content validity was tested by a panel of experts. To test reliability, a test-retest was performed on a sample of 184 pregnant women, with an interval of 7 days and the ICC was used. To test the criterion validity, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was used between the PPAQ and the accelerometer, in a sample of 226 pregnant women.

Findings
The questionnaire was considered comprehensive. The ICC values of Reliability were: total score (0.77); sedentary activities (0.87); light-intensity activities (0.76); moderate-intensity activities (0.76); vigorous-intensity activities (0.70). For criterion validity was obtained a coefficient correlation of r = -0.030, considered weak and negative, for total activity.

Discussion
This study describes the translation and validation process of the PPAQ questionnaire from English to Portuguese. The final version of the PPAQ was considered as a valid instrument in terms of content to measure physical activity and was referred to as being simple to apply and easy to understand.

Conclusion
The PPAQ has content validity, excellent reliability and weak criterion validity, as in the original version.
Sleep disordered breathing has minimal association with retinal microvascular diameters in a non-diabetic sleep clinic cohort
Authors: Kairaitis Kristina , Amis Terence C. , Perri Rita , Lee Sharon , Drury Anne , Lambeth Christopher , Mitchell Paul , Lindley Richard I. , Wheatley John R. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase stroke risk; retinal arteriolar (central retinal arteriolar equivalent, CRAE) diameter narrowing and/or retinal venular (central retinal venule equivalent, CRVE) widening may predict stroke. We examined relationships between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and CRAE and CRVE and in a diabetes-free sleep clinic cohort.

Methods
Patients for SDB assessment were recruited (Main Group, n = 264, age: 58.5 ± 8.9 yrs [mean ± SD]; males: 141) for in-laboratory polysomnography (standard metrics, eg apnea hypopnea index, AHI) and retinal photographs (evening and morning). A more severe SDB sub-group (n = 85) entered a 12-month cardiovascular risk factor minimisation (hypertension/hypercholesterolemia control; RFM) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intervention (RFM/CPAP Sub-Group); successfully completed by n = 66 (AHI = 32.4 [22.1–45.3] events/hour, median[IQR]). Univariate (Spearman’s correlation, t-test) and multiple linear regression models examined non-SDB and SDB associations with CRAE and CRVE measures.

Results
Main Group: Evening CRAE predictors were: systolic blood pressure (0.18μm decrease per mmHg, p = 0.001), age (2.47μm decrease per decade, p = 0.012), Caucasian ethnicity (4.45 μm versus non-Caucasian, p = 0.011), height (0.24 μm decrease per cm increase, p = 0.005) and smoking history (3.08 μm increase, p = 0.052). Evening CRVE predictors were: Caucasian ethnicity (11.52 μm decrease versus non-Caucasian, p>0.001), diastolic blood pressure (0.34 μm increase in CRVE per mmHg, p = 0.001), hypertension history (6.5 μm decrease, p = 0.005), and smoking history (4.6 μm increase, p = 0.034). No SDB metric (all p>0.08) predicted CRAE or CRVE measures. RFM/CPAP Sub-Group: A one-unit increase in ln(AHI+1) was associated with a 0.046μm increase in CRAE (n = 85; p = 0.029). Mean evening CRAE and CRVE values did not change across the intervention (n = 66), but evening CRVE decreased ~6.0 μm for individuals with AHI >30 events/hr.

Conclusion
No major SDB associations with CRAE or CRVE were identified, although the RFM/CPAP intervention reduced evening CRVE for severe OSA patients. Implications for cerebro-vascular disease risk remain uncertain.

Trial registration
The protocol was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial Id: ACTRN12620000694910).
“Church is like a mini Korea”: the potential of migrant religious organisations for promoting heritage language maintenance
Authors: Joo Sun Jung , Chik Alice , Djonov Emilia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Immigration from diverse countries of origin has brought to Australia a great linguistic diversity. Moving to Australia, many migrant communities tend to shift from their heritage languages (HLs) and shift to English. Korean migrant communities, however, buck this trend. Notable within the Korean communities are ethnic church congregations, which offer social networks to maintain Korean identity. Focusing on the Korean communities in Australia, this study extends the limited knowledge about the potential of migrant religious organisations to promote HL maintenance. Specifically, drawing on data from 300 surveys collected from parents and semi-structured interviews with eight parents and their children, this study compares experiences of HL maintenance among families who attend a Korean church with those who do not. A key finding is that families affiliated with a Korean church are more likely to prioritise HL learning, practise the language and be proficient in the language than those who are not. Additionally, participants in this study reported that Korean churches provide valuable opportunities for HL learning. This study contributes to an understanding of the intertwined dynamics of migration, religion and language.
Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
Authors: Bao Neng , Gu Mingjia , Yu Xiang , Wang Jin , Gao Leiping , Miao Zhiwei , Kong Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of different pharmacological treatments for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Thirty-four relevant studies were extracted from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane database, and MEDLINE. Treatment with tacrolimus (TAC), cyclophosphamide (CTX), mycophenolate mofetil, chlorambucil (CHL), cyclosporin A (CSA), steroids, rituximab (RTX), and conservative therapy were compared. Outcomes were measured using remission rate and incidence of side effects. Summary estimates were expressed as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of findings was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. In the direct meta-analysis for comparison of complete remission (CR) rate, the curative effect of RTX is inferior to CTX (OR 0.37; CI 0.18, 0.75). In the NMA of CR rate, the results showed that the curative effects of CTX, CHL, and TAC were significantly higher than those of the control group. The efficacy of RTX is not inferior to the CTX (OR 0.81; CI 0.32, 2.01), and the level of evidence was moderate; CSA was not as effective as RTX, and the difference was statistically significant with moderate evidence (OR 2.98, CI 1.00, 8.91). In summary, we recommend CTX and RTX as the first-line drug for IMN treatment.
Identification and characterization of the grinding burns by eddy current method
Authors: Kukla Dominik , Kopec Mateusz , Gradzik Andrzej 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work presents an attempt to identify local changes in materials caused by local grinding burnings by using the eddy current (EC) method. The locally heat-treated AISI 9310 steel specimen was prepared by using a laser surfacing process to imitate three different grinding burns. These burn marks were characterized in terms of changes in microstructure and hardness on the surface and cross-section of the specimen. On such a basis, the depth of the heat-affected zone caused by the grinding tool was examined. Subsequently, the specimen was subjected to the EC measurements for the quantitative description of the signal from each of the defects by using a commercial NORTEC 600D flaw detector working in specimen scanning mode and with a pencil probe. The changes in the amplitude and the phase angle of the signal from three defects indicate the possibility to identify burns along with their quantitative description and subsequent estimation of their depth. The differences in the phase angle value, related to the local changes in the stress state, serve as an effective indicator of the specimen overheating degree in the area of the EC induction.
Modulation of self-organizing circuits at deforming membranes by intracellular and extracellular factors
Authors: Sokolova Anastasiia , Galic Milos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mechanical forces exerted to the plasma membrane induce cell shape changes. These transient shape changes trigger, among others, enrichment of curvature-sensitive molecules at deforming membrane sites. Strikingly, some curvature-sensing molecules not only detect membrane deformation but can also alter the amplitude of forces that caused to shape changes in the first place. This dual ability of sensing and inducing membrane deformation leads to the formation of curvature-dependent self-organizing signaling circuits. How these cell-autonomous circuits are affected by auxiliary parameters from inside and outside of the cell has remained largely elusive. Here, we explore how such factors modulate self-organization at the micro-scale and its emerging properties at the macroscale.
Photo-activated polymerization inhibition process in photoinitiator systems for high-throughput 3D nanoprinting
Authors: Somers Paul , Liang Zihao , Chi Teng , Johnson Jason E. , Pan Liang , Boudouris Bryan W. , Xu Xianfan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The systems for multiphoton 3D nanoprinting are rapidly increasing in print speed for larger throughput and scale, unfortunately without also improvement in resolution. Separately, the process of photoinhibition lithography has been demonstrated to enhance the resolution of multiphoton printing through the introduction of a secondary laser source. The photo-chemical dynamics and interactions for achieving photoinhibition in the various multiphoton photoinitiator systems are complex and still not well understood. Here, we examine the photoinhibition process of the common photoinitiator 7-diethylamino 3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC) with inhibition lasers near or at the multiphoton printing laser wavelength in typical low peak intensity, high repetition rate 3D nanoprinting processes. We demonstrate the clear inhibition of the polymerization process consistent with a triplet absorption deactivation mechanism for a DETC photoresist as well as show inhibition for several other photoresist systems. Additionally, we explore options to recover the photoinhibition process when printing with high intensity, low repetition rate lasers. Finally, we demonstrate photoinhibition in a projection multiphoton printing system. This investigation of photoinhibition lithography with common photoinitiators elucidates the possibility for photoinhibition occurring in many resist systems with typical high repetition rate multiphoton printing lasers as well as for high-speed projection multiphoton printing.
Electrohydrodynamic printing for demanding devices: A review of processing and applications
Authors: Cong Chenhao , Li Xinlin , Xiao Wei , Li Junru , Jin Mingliang , Kim Se Hyun , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is a cutting-edge micro/nano manufacturing technology for flexible substrates. Generally, EHD printing uses an electric field to drive droplet jet printing, which has characteristics of low cost, simple structure, and high precision. According to the research status of EHD printing at home and abroad, this article mainly focuses on the processing and applications of demanding devices by EHD printing, as well as the influence of associated-processing parameters, with regard to the breakthrough of different kinds of electronic inks developed in recent 5 years. Upon the understanding of the challenges and opportunities from the point of view of engineering applications, optimization strategies for ink selection are put forward for driving EHD printing in various fields of transistors, sensors, biomedicine, and electroluminescent devices.
HOME-Chemistry: hydrazone as organo-metallic equivalent
Authors: Li Chao-Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The modern synthetic chemistry heavily relies on the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents to react with various electrophiles. The dependence on stoichiometric quantities of metals and often organic halides as precursors, in turn both produces copious amounts of metal halide wastes as well as leads to concerns on future metal sustainability. Inspired by the classical Wolff-Kishner reduction, our lab has recently developed a general strategy of
HOME-Chemistry
, directly using naturally abundant alcohols/aldehydes and ketones as feedstocks with the releasing of innocuous water and nitrogen gas. These reactions include 1,2-carbonyl/imine addition, conjugate addition, carboxylation, olefination, cross-coupling arylation/allylation, alkylation, hydroalkylation and C-heteroatom formations. This article provides a brief summary on this chemistry.
A Gating Mutation in Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 Rescues Phenotypes of Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models by Upregulating Neuronal Autophagy
Authors: Zhang Hua , Knight Caitlynn , Chen S.R. Wayne , Bezprozvanny Ilya 
Published: January 2023

It is well established that ryanodine receptors (RyanRs) are overactive in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and it has been suggested that inhibition of RyanR is potentially beneficial for AD treatment. In the present study, we explored a potential connection between basal RyanR activity and autophagy in neurons. Autophagy plays an important role in clearing damaged organelles and long-lived protein aggregates, and autophagy dysregulation occurs in both AD patients and AD animal models. Autophagy is known to be regulated by intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signals, and our results indicated that basal RyanR2 activity in hippocampal neurons inhibited autophagy through activation of calcineurin and the resulting inhibition of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)–ULK1 (unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1) pathway. Thus, we hypothesized that increased basal RyanR2 activity in AD may lead to the inhibition of neuronal autophagy and accumulation of β-amyloid. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of the RyanR2-E4872Q knock-in mouse model (EQ) in which basal RyanR2 activity is reduced because of shortened channel open time. We discovered that crossing EQ mice with the APPKI and APPPS1 mouse models of AD (both males and females) rescued amyloid accumulation and LTP impairment in these mice. Our results revealed that reduced basal activity of RyanR2-EQ channels disinhibited the autophagic pathway and led to increased amyloid clearance in these models. These data indicated a potential pathogenic outcome of RyanR2 overactivation in AD and also provided additional targets for therapeutic intervention in AD. Basal activity of ryanodine receptors controls neuronal autophagy and contributes to development of the AD phenotype.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is well established that neuronal autophagy is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our results suggest that supranormal calcium (Ca2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum contributes to the inhibition of autophagy in AD and that reduction in basal activity of type 2 ryanodine receptors disinhibits the neuronal autophagic pathway and leads to increased amyloid clearance in AD models. Our findings directly link neuronal Ca2+dysregulation with autophagy dysfunction in AD and point to additional targets for therapeutic intervention.
Reducing MRSA Infection in a New NICU During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barrett Renee E. , Fleiss Noa , Hansen Caitlin , Campbell Melissa M. , Rychalsky Michelle , Murdzek Christina , Krechevsky Kathy , Abbott Meaghan , Allegra Terese , Blazevich Beth , Dunphy Louise , Fox Amy , Gambardella Tracy , Garcia Lindsey , Grimm Natalie , Scoffone Amy , Bizzarro Matthew J. , Murray Thomas S. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is prevalent in most NICUs, with a high rate of skin colonization and subsequent invasive infections among hospitalized neonates. The effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce MRSA infection in the NICU during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not been characterized.

METHODS
Using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement, we implemented several process-based infection prevention strategies to reduce invasive MRSA infections at our level IV NICU over 24 months. The outcome measure of invasive MRSA infections was tracked monthly utilizing control charts. Process measures focused on environmental disinfection and hospital personnel hygiene were also tracked monthly. The COVID-19 pandemic was an unexpected variable during the implementation of our project. The pandemic led to restricted visitation and heightened staff awareness of the importance of hand hygiene and proper use of personal protective equipment, as well as supply chain shortages, which may have influenced our outcome measure.

RESULTS
Invasive MRSA infections were reduced from 0.131 to 0 per 1000 patient days during the initiative. This positive shift was sustained for 30 months, along with a delayed decrease in MRSA colonization rates. Several policy and practice changes regarding personnel hygiene and environmental cleaning likely contributed to this reduction.

CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of a multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative aimed at infection prevention strategies led to a significant decrease in invasive MRSA infections in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Appraisal of Clinical Care Practices for Child Obesity Treatment. Part I: Interventions
Authors: Skinner Asheley C. , Staiano Amanda E. , Armstrong Sarah C. , Barkin Shari L. , Hassink Sandra G. , Moore Jennifer E. , Savage Jennifer S. , Vilme Helene , Weedn Ashley E. , Liebhart Janice , Lindros Jeanne , Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: January 2023

The objective of this technical report is to provide clinicians with evidence-based, actionable information upon which to make assessment and treatment decisions for children and adolescents with obesity. In addition, this report will provide an evidence base to inform clinical practice guidelines for the management and treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.
To this end, the goal of this report was to identify all relevant studies to answer 2 overarching key questions: (KQ1) “What are clinically based, effective treatments for obesity?” and (KQ2) “What is the risk of comorbidities among children with obesity?” See Appendix 1 for the conceptual framework and a priori key questions.