bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum 200. Geburtstag von Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902): Beschreiber der Kussmaul-Atmung und Wegbereiter der Endoskopie
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Degerli Mikail Aykut , Hildebrandt Olaf , Conradt Regina 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungAdolf Kussmaul (1822–1902) hat in Heidelberg Medizin studiert. Der Name Kussmaul ist v.a. durch die Panarteriitis nodosa, den Pulsus paradoxus und den Venenpuls bei schwieliger Mediastinopericarditis sowie die hochfrequente und tiefe Atmung bei diabetischer Ketoazidose weltweit bekannt geworden. Kussmaul war auch Wegbereiter der endoskopischen Diagnostik und Therapie von Erkrankungen des Ösophagus und des Magens. Seine ärztliche Tätigkeit als Landarzt, die er in Kandern im Schwarzwald 1850 begonnen hat, musste er wegen gesundheitlicher Probleme nach drei Jahren beenden. Kussmaul hat dann den klinisch-wissenschaftlichen Weg beschritten. 1855 promovierte er in Würzburg bei Virchow und habilitierte in Heidelberg. Von 1859–1888 war er in Erlangen, Freiburg und Straßburg als ordentlicher Professor tätig. Nach der Emeritierung hat Kussmaul in Heidelberg weiterhin als Arzt gearbeitet und seine „Jugenderinnerungen eines alten Arztes“ verfasst.
Growth of Flow-Related Aneurysms Following Occlusion of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Świątnicki Wojciech , Böcher-Schwarz Hans G. , Standhardt Harald 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Flow-related aneurysms (FRAs) associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) pose a significant therapeutic challenge. Both their natural history and management strategy are still unclear and underreported. FRAs generally increase the risk of brain hemorrhage. However, following AVM obliteration these vascular lesions are expected to disappear or remain stable.
Methods We present two cases where growth of FRAs was detected following complete obliteration of an unruptured AVM.
Results The first patient presented with proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm growth after spontaneous and asymptomatic thrombosis of the AVM. In our second case, a very small aneurysmal-like dilation located at the basilar apex enlarged to a saccular aneurysm following complete endovascular and radiosurgical obliteration of the AVM.
Conclusion The natural history of flow-related aneurysms is unpredictable. In the cases where these lesions are not managed first, there should be close follow-up. When aneurysm growth is evident, active management strategy seems mandatory.
Adductor Canal Nerve Block versus Intra-articular Anesthetic in Knee Arthroscopy: A Single-Blinded Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Perry Michael , LeDuc Ryan , Stakenas Steven , Wozniak Amy , Francois Audrice , Evans Douglas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffective perioperative pain control following knee arthroscopy allows patients to reduce narcotic intake, avoid side effects of these medications, and recover more quickly. Adductor canal nerve blockade (ACB) and intra-articular injection of local anesthetic have been described as adjuvant treatments for postoperative pain control following surgery of the knee. This study directly compares the effect of each of these treatment modalities. Patients undergoing knee arthroscopy were blinded and randomized to receive either an ACB (n = 60) or intra-articular injection of local anesthetic (IAB, n = 64). Outcome measures included patient reported visual analog scale (VAS) scores at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48 hours and 1 week and total narcotic consumption at 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Student's t-tests were used to compare unadjusted VAS scores at each time point and use of postoperative pain medication between treatment groups. Adjusted VAS scores were estimated in a multivariable general linear model with interaction of time and treatment group and other relevant covariates. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, body mass index, and insurance type. ACB patients had significantly higher pain scores than IAB patients at hours 1 and 2 (hour 1: 4.02 [2.99] vs. 2.59 [3.00], p = 0.009; hour 2: 3.12 [2.44] vs. 2.17 [2.62], p = 0.040). ACB patients had higher pain scores than IAB patients up to hour 16, though hours 4 to 16 were not significantly different. Adjusted covariate analyses demonstrate an additional statistically significant reduction in pain score in the IAB group at hour 4. There were no differences in narcotic consumption. Intraoperative local anesthetic and regional ACB each provides adequate pain control following knee arthroscopy, and intraoperative local anesthetic may provide enhanced pain control for up to 4 hours postoperatively.
Level of Evidence: Level 1 evidence, randomized control trial.
Late-Stage Two-Step C11–H Arylation of Dibenzooxa/thiazepines
Authors: Du Hongguang , Xu Jiaxi , Yang Zhanhui , Chen Yang , Ma Meng-Yao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA practical and efficient synthesis of 11-aryldibenzooxa/thiazepines is achieved, via a late-stage and two-step C11–H arylation of simple dibenzooxa/thiazepines. The adoption of Grignard addition and DDQ dehydrogenation allows for operationally simple and chemically reliable, step-efficient, and high-yielding transformations. The two-step and one-pot procedures provide excellent yields. The gram-scale experiment demonstrates the promising synthetic potentials in large-scale applications, and the advantages of this method are also highlighted in the efficient synthesis of an H460TaxR inhibitor.
1.5 Copper-Catalyzed Directed C—H Functionalization
Authors: Xu H. , Dai H.-X. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCopper-catalyzed C—H bond functionalization has attracted significant attention in recent years, and in this review the key achievements are summarized. Using this methodology, a variety of C—C and C—heteroatom bonds (including C—N, C—O, C—S, C—Se, C—halide, C—P, and C—Si) can be formed with the assistance of monodentate and bidentate directing groups.
1.6 Copper-Catalyzed Acidic C—H Functionalization
Authors: Shang Y. , Ren Y. , Su W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCopper-catalyzed functionalization of acidic C—H bonds has emerged as a fruitful field due to the abundance and inexpensive nature of copper salts. In this chapter, we summarize the relevant advances in which copper promotes direct C—H functionalizations, including cross-dehydrogenative transformations, of activated organic substrates. The chapter is classified based on the types of activating group, including carbonyl, nitrile, nitro, as well as electron-deficient (hetero)aromatic groups.
1.14 Nickel-Catalyzed Directed C—H Functionalization
Authors: Chatani N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter summarizes some selected examples of nickel-catalyzed directed C—H functionalization reactions that involve the activation of a C—H bond as a key step. It is now recognized that nickel complexes, mostly nickel(0) and nickel(II), are some of the most attractive and effective catalysts for the development of C—H functionalization reactions because of the low cost and earth-abundance of nickel, and, most importantly, because the complexes can exist in various oxidation states (+1, +2, +3, and +4) during the transformation, which leads to unique reactivity.
A brief history of heuristics: how did research on heuristics evolve?
Authors: Hjeij Mohamad , Vilks Arnis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeuristics are often characterized as rules of thumb that can be used to speed up the process of decision-making. They have been examined across a wide range of fields, including economics, psychology, and computer science. However, scholars still struggle to find substantial common ground. This study provides a historical review of heuristics as a research topic before and after the emergence of the subjective expected utility (SEU) theory, emphasising the evolutionary perspective that considers heuristics as resulting from the development of the brain. We find it useful to distinguish between deliberate and automatic uses of heuristics, but point out that they can be used consciously and subconsciously. While we can trace the idea of heuristics through many centuries and fields of application, we focus on the evolution of the modern notion of heuristics through three waves of research, starting with Herbert Simon in the 1950s, who introduced the notion of bounded rationality and suggested the use of heuristics in artificial intelligence, thereby paving the way for all later research on heuristics. A breakthrough came with Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in the 1970s, who analysed the biases arising from using heuristics. The resulting research programme became the subject of criticism by Gerd Gigerenzer in the 1990s, who argues that an ‘adaptive toolbox’ consisting of ‘fast-and-frugal’ heuristics can yield ‘ecologically rational’ decisions.
Invitation to respond by rhetoric or delivery
Authors: Choi Hyangmi , Bull Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnglish (an SVO language) and Korean (an SOV language) are polar opposites in terms of grammatical order. Studies show that rhetorical devices (RDs) are effective in generating collective audience responses in British political oratory. This article attempts to study the functions of RDs in Korean oratory and the importance of speech delivery. Through the analysis of the speaker-audience turn-taking systems, it is suggested that RDs do not function as cross-cultural universals in the invitation of audience responses but rather depend on the syntactic structure of a given language and the use of nonverbal factors. Thus, due to SOV language features, RDs do not play a predominant role in inviting audience responses in Korean oratory, whereas speech delivery is crucial.
Chiral-fluctuations mediated helical to paramagnetic phase transition and scaling study in β-Mn type Co8Zn8Mn4 chiral magnet
Authors: Pardeep  , Lalita  , Bitla Yugandhar , Saha Sujoy , Patra Ajit Kumar , Basheed G A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We report detailed magnetization and ac susceptibility studies on a chiral cubic β-Mn type Co8Zn8Mn4 alloy near the onset of magnetic ordering temperature. The Co8Zn8Mn4 alloy undergoes a complex series of temperature-driven transition from paramagnetic (PM) to helimagnetic phase through an intermediate inhomogeneous chiral fluctuations phase. The Gaussian shaped peak in

χ

′

(

T
,
H

= 0 Oe) at

T

H
M

≅

343.19 K is analogous to that of the zero-field transition to long-period modulated helical state. Moreover, a pronounced field-induced anomaly in

χ

′

(T,

H
⩾

500 Oe) rises quickly with field above

T

H
M

like a fingerprint, evident of a field-induced crossover into a precursor region. The in-field critical behavior characterizing a ferromagnetic-PM phase transition in the vicinity of ordering temperature confirms that Co8Zn8Mn4 chiral magnet belongs to the 3D-Heisenberg universality class. The existence of precursor region and the sizable expansion in the transition temperature,

T

C

can be explained by the Landau equation.
Reliability of double probe measurements in nanodusty plasmas
Authors: Xiong Zichang , Held Julian , Kortshagen Uwe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nonthermal plasmas are attractive sources for nanoparticles synthesis, however, their plasma properties are notoriously difficult to assess due to the chemically reactive environment and high nanoparticle concentrations. Here, we are using a floating double probe to measure the plasma properties of a nanoparticle-forming argon:silane plasma. We demonstrate good stability of current–voltage characteristics over several minutes of operation. However, unexpectedly larger electron temperatures are measured with increasing the silane mole fraction. To test the validity of these results, we developed a zero-dimensional global model to investigate the effect of the presence of nanoparticles on the plasma properties. Using this model, we show that increasing particle concentration leads to an increasing electronegativity of the plasma, causing an increase of the reduced electric field. However, this causes only a moderate increase in mean electron energy, in contrast to the much larger increase measured by the double probe. We argue that these large electron temperatures are based on the fact that a double probe measures an ‘apparent’ electron temperature, which is defined by the negative inverse slope of the logarithm of the electron energy probability function (EEPF) at an energy corresponding to the probe’s floating potential. As the silane mole fraction is increased, the plasma becomes more electronegative and the probe’s floating potential moves closer to the plasma potential. Combined with the strong non-Maxwellian EEPF, this leads to the large apparent electron temperatures obtained by the probe. Thus, the apparent electron temperatures measured with the double probe do not follow the trends in mean electron energy.
Preparation and characterization of CZTS thin films by vacuum-assisted spray pyrolysis and fabrication of Cd-free heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Aabel P , Anupama A , Santhosh Kumar M C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The quaternary chalcogenide material Cu2ZnSnS4 (copper zinc tin sulphide [CZTS]) has received much attention owing to its excellent photovoltaic conversion properties. We report the deposition of CZTS thin films by vacuum spray pyrolysis and explore the structural, elemental, optical and electrical properties and its use as an absorber layer in the fabrication of a cadmium-free solar cell device. The thin films were deposited at various substrate temperatures ranging from 325 °C to 400 °C using the vacuum spray pyrolysis technique. Structural analysis shows a crystalline nature with a CZTS kësterite phase formed at 375 °C. FESEM analysis reveals the presence of coral-reef-like morphology. XPS measurements were carried out to confirm the elemental composition. UV–vis measurements indicate that the optical band gap of the as-deposited films is 1.5 eV with a high absorption coefficient of 105 cm−1, which is close to the ideal value for an absorber layer. Hall effect measurement confirms the p-type nature of the samples. A simple heterojunction is fabricated with a device structure <ITO/Al:ZnO/CZTS/Ag> using CZTS as the absorber layer and Al:ZnO as the window layer. The estimated solar cell parameters are V
oc = 0.85 V, I
sc = 16.68 mA, fill factor = 36.54% and efficiency, η = 2.87%.
Effect of a V-Shaped Groove on the Performance of a Circular-Cylinder Energy Harvester
Authors: Siritham Thannit , Kittichaikarn Chawalit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effect of a V-shaped groove on the performance of a circular-cylinder energy harvester was investigated in this study. The experiments were conducted in a closed-loop wind tunnel at a wind speed ranging from 1 to 7 m/s. A standard circular-cylinder bluff body was modified to have the V-shaped groove at the front. The angle θ of the half V-shaped groove was adjusted from 15° to 45°. The experimental results demonstrate that the groove angle between 2θ = 45° and 68° can sustain energy harvesting when the wind speed increases continuously and provide higher performance on the power output than that in other cases. However, at a wind speed of 7 m/s in the V-shaped groove of 2θ = 68°, it can provide a maximum root-mean-square power output of 20.33 mW, which is about 140 times that of a standard circular cylinder. Furthermore, particle image velocimetry was used to visualize the flow field around the V-shaped groove bluff body. It showed that the groove angle and wind speed had a direct effect on the bluff body’s degree of vibration. The results can be used to improve the energy harvester’s efficiency.
Selective region medical image encryption algorithm based on cascade chaos and two-dimensional Joseph traversal
Authors: Chen Rong , Li Xiaomeng , Teng Lin , Wang Xingyuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that medical image information is easy to be stolen, tampered and maliciously destroyed in the transmission process, a selective region medical image encryption algorithm based on cascade chaos is proposed. The encryption algorithm consists of two stages: region of interest (ROI) encryption and full image encryption. First, the Cubic map is cascaded with an improved Cosine map. Through the analysis of dynamic characteristics, the cascade map has better chaotic performance than the traditional chaotic systems. The key sequence is generated by the cascade map and the image. Then edge detection is performed on the image to determine ROI. ROI is divided into multiple image blocks, and a new gradient algorithm is used to label the sub-blocks containing important information. A modified two-dimensional Joseph traversal method is used to scramble the positions of pixels in each sub-block, and further modify their pixel values with a round of diffusion. Finally, we use a block V-shape scrambling method to scramble the entire image. The final encrypted image is obtained through a round of bidirectional diffusion of all pixels using chaotic sequences. Simulation results and security analysis show that the algorithm has large key space and sufficient security. It can effectively resist various malicious attacks.
Phase field modeling of precipitation in Zr-1%Nb-1%Sn alloy: A study of statistical properties and mechanical response
Authors: Kharchenko Vasyl , Kong Xianggang , Xin Tianyuan , Wu Lu , Shchokotova Olha , Kharchenko Dmitrii O , Kokhan Serhiy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We develop the phase field model to simulate precipitation of secondary phase in ternary alloys with extra-small content of doping. This approach is applied to study $\beta$-phase precipitation in the model system of commercial alloy Zr-Nb-Sn at thermal treatment. An analysis of local rearrangement of doping and equilibrium vacancies during precipitation has shown that the dissolved Tin is mostly segregated around phase interface by trapping vacancies. Kinetics of precipitation, size and distribution of the precipitates, concentration of the species in precipitates and matrix are studied where it is revealed that Lifshits-Slyozov-Wagner distribution can be used to predicate statistical properties of precipitates. Mechanical response including the plastic deformations in precipitated solid is discussed. It is shown that yield strength change increases during precipitation. Yield and ultimate stresses are studied at different shear rates for the annealed alloy. A transition to plastic flow is described by means of dislocation structure evolution. Formation and growth of slip planes and dislocation loop-precipitate interaction governed by elastic moduli difference is analyzed. It is shown that emergence of dislocation loops around precipitates follows the Orowan mechanism.
Role of f(\mathcal{R},\mathbf{T}^{2}) Theory on Charged Compact Stars
Authors: Sharif M. , Gul Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to examine the viable attributes of charged compact stellar objects with anisotropic matter configuration in the framework of $f(\mathcal{R},\mathbf{T}^{2})$ theory. For this purpose, we use Tolman V solution and consider a specific functional form of this modified theory to examine the geometry of compact stars. The values of unknown parameters are found by the smooth matching of interior (static spherical metric) and exterior (modified Reissner-Nordstrom metric) spacetimes. We investigate the behavior of effective matter variables, anisotropy, equation of state parameters and energy bounds in the interior of the charged stellar objects. The stability of the compact stars is examined by speed of sound and adiabatic index. We find that the considered stars are viable as well as stable with all the required conditions in this modified theory of gravity.
Nonlocal symmetries and interaction solutions for the (n + 1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Cui Wenying , Liu Yinping 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The (n + 1)-dimensional generalized KdV equation is presented in this paper, and we further investigate its nonlocal symmetries by different methods. It can be seen that the symmetrical transformations obtained by different nonlocal symmetries are usually equivalent. Based on the obtained Lie point symmetry as well as the mth finite symmetrical transformations, we obtain its soliton molecules and multiple soliton solutions. Additionally, for the case of n = 4 various types of interaction solutions among solitons and periodic waves are obtained by the similarity reduction method.
High throughput particle sorting based on traveling surface acoustic wave (TSAW) is realized by coupling spiral microchannel and a novel arc electrode
Authors: Wang Yongsheng , Ji Miaomiao , Liu Yukai , Duan Junping , Zhang Jie , Hou Shuyue , Zhang Binzhen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Acoustofluidic technology is an ideal tool for biomedical applications. However, the sorting performance and flux of acoustofluidic chips cannot be achieved simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a method for coupling a novel arc gold interdigital transducer (IDT) with a spiral microchannel. A spiral microchannel is used to focus the target particle (20 μm) inertially to improve the sorting efficiency of the chip. The channel uses a Y-shaped inlet to bind small particles (5 μm) in a fixed stream beam to improve the sorting efficiency of the chip. The fit of arc electrode and spiral flow channel enlarges the acoustic control area, so that the target particles can still be separated effectively at high flow velocity. The results show that when the signal source frequency is 33.7 MHz and the voltage is 5 V, the designed chip can effectively separate the target particles at the flow rate of 25–65 μl min−1, and the sorting purity is 100%. The sorting efficiency decreased with the increase of flow rate, 25 μl min−1: 100 %, 35 μl min−1: 100 %, 45 μl min−1: 94 .8% (within 1.2% error), 55 μl min−1: 92 % (within 1% error), 65 μl min−1: 83 .4% (within 2.4% error). This chip provides an idea for achieving high throughput, high purity and high efficiency cell sorting.
Theoretical study of low-energy electron collision with normal-pentane using R-matrix method
Authors: jiang xianwu , Liu Nan , Chen Jie , Chen Qi , Zhang Ya , Jiang Wei , Zhang Lidong , Liu Hainan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Low-energy electron collisions with normal-pentane (n-C5H12) that initiate the plasma to assist combustion are critical in understanding the underlying physics and chemistries. In the present work, we studied this collisional process using the R-matrix method at the static-exchange plus polarization and close-coupling model levels. The scattering calculation was performed by running the UKRmol+ code using the Quantemol Electron Collision interface to obtain elastic differential, momentum transfer, integral, and electronic excitation cross sections up to 20 eV and ionization cross sections up to 1000 eV. Our computed cross-section data are in better agreement with the available experimental results both regarding the magnitude and shape. We also demonstrated the importance of using a diffuse basis set in describing the scattering due to the Rydberg nature of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of n-C5H12.