bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Palmitoylated Arabinogalactan in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Formulation Design and in vitro Assessment for Hepatospecific Targeting
Authors: Shah Neelam , Katawale Saurabh , Shah Sanket , Dhawan Vivek , Nagarsenker Mangal 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The present study evaluates the feasibility of the incorporation of palmitoylated arabinogalactan in solid lipid nanoparticles and its potential as a hepatospecific targeting ligand.

Background:
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a neoplasm presenting low survival and higher incidence, due to difficulties in the treatment modalities to effectively place cancer therapeu-tics at the site. Targeting asialoglycoprotein receptors on the surface of hepatocytes employing lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes presents opportunities for improvement in therapy.

Objective:
The objective of the present investigation was to fabricate and evaluate the potential of palmitoylated arabinogalactan (PAG) incorporated SLNs to target asialoglycoprotein receptors.

Methods:
Daunorubicin-loaded targeted SLNs prepared by ultrasound dispersion method were evaluated for in vitro release and in vitro cytotoxicity. Lipids, surfactants, and biocompatible sol-vents were screened for SLN formation and optimization was done using 22 factorial designs.

Results:
The particle size for formulations was below 200 nm with a unimodal distribution. Differ-ential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed the interaction of lipids with other components charac-terized by a shift in lipid melting endotherm. Daunorubicin-loaded PAG SLNs released a signifi-cantly higher amount of daunorubicin at pH 5.5 as compared to pH 7.4, providing an advantage for targeted tumor therapy. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that daunorubicin depicted a dose-dependent reduction in viability in all cell lines treated with formulation as well as free drug.

Conclusion:
SLNs showed enhancement in intracellular uptake of daunorubicin thereby establish-ing their potential in improved treatment of HCC and warrant further in vivo investigations.
An Overview of Recent Patents and Future Perspective Based on Cyclodextrin
Complexation
Authors: Kaushik Ritu , Verma Ravinder , Budhwar Vikas , Kaushik Deepak 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The majority of drugs taken orally have limited aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Cyclodextrin
(CD) and its derivatives are used as pharmaceutical adjuvants, contributing to the development
of safe and high bioavailability formulations. CDs have a unique structure with a variety of
physicochemical features that aid pharmaceutical scientists in solving drug delivery issues for poorly
water-soluble drugs (PWS). This article covers information about cyclodextrin and its various derivatives,
its different manufacturing process, physicochemical properties, advantages, and recent advancements.
There are various advantages of CD-based inclusion complexes, such as enhancement of
solubility, bioavailability, and stability and reduction of irritation caused by the drug. Moreover, they
are used as odor and taste enhancers and also prevent incompatibility by physically isolating the incompatible
drug components in drug formulation. CD and its derivatives are extensively employed as
solubilizers in the manufacturing of parenteral and oral dosage forms. Inclusion complexes formed by
CDs with appropriately sized guest molecules improve drug water solubility, physical-chemical stability,
and bioavailability. Simultaneously CDs prevent the drugs from degradation like oxidation, hydrolysis,
and photodegradation and extend the shelf life of the drug. The manuscript also highlights
patents and exclusive branded formulations of modified CDs. It also discusses the different examples
of chemically modified CDs, i.e., captisol, sulfobutyl ether-β-CD, hydroxy propyl betadex, randomly
methylated β-CD, methyl β-CD, and hydoxy propyl γ-CD, all are used in the various dosage forms.
2022 WEST COAST SECURITY CONFERENCE WELCOMING REMARKS
Authors: Kelshall Candyce 
Published: February 2023

On November 21, 2022, Candyce Kelshall, President of the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies Vancouver, delivered her welcome remarks for the 2022 West Coast Security Conference. During her welcoming remarks she stated that the conference was designed for Canada, its military, law enforcement, and the public safety community. Kelshall spoke about the importance of the public safety community considering the emergence of new threat actors and new technologies, changing from state-based responses to identity-based responses when assessing new threats, adapting to changing norms, and collaborating beyond boundaries.

Received: 2022-12-27Revised: 2022-12-27
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING IN THE POLICE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SECTOR
Authors: Lawrence David 
Published: February 2023

On November 23, 2022, David Lawrence, Professor of Mental Health in the School of Population Health at Curtin University & Adjunct Professor in the School of Population and Global Health at the University of Western Australia, presented on Mental Health and Wellbeing in the Police and Emergency Services Sector. Following the presentation, a question-and-answer period ensued with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were experiences by retired service personnel, and generational attitudes among police and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) towards mental health conditions.

Received: 2023-01-14Revised: 2023-01-25
Correcting Hypernatremia in Children
Authors: Didsbury Madeleine , See Emily J. , Cheng Daryl R. , Kausman Joshua , Quinlan Catherine 
Published: February 2023

Background
In children with hypernatremia, current clinical guidelines recommend a reduction in serum sodium of 0.5 mmol/L per hour or less to avoid complications of cerebral edema. However, no large-scale studies have been conducted in the pediatric setting to inform this recommendation. Therefore, this study aimed to report the association between the rate of correction of hypernatremia, neurological outcomes, and all-cause mortality in children.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2016 to 2019 at a quaternary pediatric center in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. All children with at least one serum sodium level ≥150 mmol/L were identified through interrogation of the hospital’s electronic medical record. Medical notes, neuroimaging reports, and electroencephalogram results were reviewed for evidence of seizures and/or cerebral edema. The peak serum sodium level was identified and correction rates over the first 24 hours and overall were calculated. Unadjusted and multivariable analyses were used to examine the association between the rate of sodium correction and neurological complications, the requirement for neurological investigation, and death.

Results
There were 402 episodes of hypernatremia among 358 children over the 3-year study period. Of these, 179 were community-acquired and 223 developed during admission. A total of 28 patients (7%) died during admission. Mortality was higher in children with hospital-acquired hypernatremia, as was the frequency of intensive care unit admission and hospital length of stay. Rapid correction (>0.5 mmol/L per hour) occurred in 200 children and was not associated with greater neurological investigation or mortality. Length of stay was longer in children who received slow correction (<0.5 mmol/L per hour).

Conclusions
Our study did not find any evidence that rapid sodium correction was associated with greater neurological investigation, cerebral edema, seizures, or mortality; however, slow correction was associated with a longer hospital length of stay.
Evaluation of efficacy of utility arch with inter-maxillary elastics for treating skeletal deep bite with retroclined upper incisors in the mixed dentition: a clinical randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alsawaf Danya Hassan , Rajah Nada 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of utility arch (UA) with inter-maxillary elastics compared with fixed anterior bite plane (FABP) for treating deep bite in brachy-facial children.Materials and MethodsThis was a single-center, randomized controlled trial. Participants were children aged between 9 and 12 years with deep bite and a hypodivergent skeletal pattern. The sample was divided into the following two groups: (1) a UA group that was composed of patients with UAs with posterior inter-maxillary elastics and (2) an FABP group as a control. Outcomes were skeletal and dentoalveolar variables on cephalometric X-rays.ResultsA total of 28 patients (13 boys, 15 girls) with a mean age of 10.66 years were enrolled. The treatment duration was 8.16 months in the UA group and 7.22 months in the FABP group. After treatment, the angle between the anterior cranial base and the mandible in the vertical plane increased significantly (P = .000) in both groups (about 1.97 degrees in the UA group and 2.75 degrees in the FABP group). Overbite decreased significantly in both groups (−2.1 m in the UA group and −3.64 m in the FABP group), but it decreased less significantly in the UA group than in the FABP group. The upper incisors flared significantly after treatment with both appliances (6.6 degrees in the UA group and 5.9 degrees in the FABP group).ConclusionsTreatment of deep bite in children with a horizontal growth pattern by each of the appliances used in this study is effective. The mandible showed minor, significant backward rotation after treatment. The overbite decreased less in the UA group than in the FABP group.
Influence of Economic Factors on Entrepreneurial Engagements by University Students in Public Universities in Nairobi Metropolitan Region
Authors: Muithui Leah Wangui , Okirigiti Clement Achimba , Mwebi Robert Bisonga 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence of economic factors on entrepreneurial engagements by university students in public universities in Nairobi Metropolitan region. The research design used is descriptive survey research design. The specific location of the study was the counties of Nairobi, Kiambu and Kajiado in Nairobi Metropolitan region. The target population comprised of 1006 university students registered with the campus incubation hubs. The sample size was 286 respondents. Open and close-ended questionnaires were used for data collection. Analysis of data involved use of descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics was through the use of mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics through correlation and regression was conducted to examine possible associations between attributes of independent and dependent variables. The findings established that regression coefficient for the relationship between economic factors and entrepreneurial engagement was positive and significant. Economic factors such as access to credit, availability of market information and availability of technology had the best positive significance with entrepreneurial engagement of university students. The study recommended that there is need for aggressive campaigns through media and other platforms to militate about the importance of ensuring access to credit, availability of market information and availability of technology among others are easily available for university students to engage in entrepreneurial activities.
IMPLEMENTASI PERUBAHAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MAHASISWA BERBASIS DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Muh. Anwar HM  , Andi Syakirah A. Bolong  , Irmawati  
Published: February 2023

Implementasi Perubahan Media Pembelajaran Mahasiswa Berbasis Daring pada Masa Pandemi
Pandemi covid-19 telah mengubah banyak aspek kehidupan salah satunya pendidikan, transformasi dan akselerasi pendidikan yang menjadi tantangan yang juga harus dihadapi oleh pemerintah dan institusi pendidikan yaitu perubahan media pembelajaran yang digunakan mahasiswa berbasis daring selama pandemi covid-19. Hampir semua sekolah dan universitas di Indonesia menerapkan pembelajaran online atau daring. Media yang digunakan mahasiswa adalah Lentera, Google Meet, WhatsApp, Zoom Meeting, Youtube, dan lain lain. penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dan metode kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan metode wawancara. Hasil belajar memiliki dampak positif yang terjadi pada pembelajaran online, berdasarkan kesimpulan hasil penelitian kami dengan metode wawancara yaitu banyak yang berpendapat bahwa pembelajaran online ini dapat meminimalkan dan mengurangi penyebaran covid-19 karena pembelajaran ini banyak dilakukan di rumah. Sedangkan dampak negatif dari pembelajaran online ialah kurangnya pemahaman terhadap materi yang disampaikan oleh dosen dan hambatan dari segi koneksi internet yang kurang stabil serta keterbatasan kuota. Berbagai penggunaan media ajar maupun platform pendidikan kiranya dapat menjadi alternatif solusi dalam pembelajaran, demi kelangsungan pembelajaran pada setiap satuan pendidikan.
PENGARUH KEAKTIFAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR
Authors: St. Syamsudduha  , Nursahwal  , Juhrika Wulan Syah  , Duriska  
Published: February 2023

Pengaruh Keaktifan Organisasi Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Uin Alauddin Makassar
Prestasi belajar merupakan hasil belajar dari proses yang telah dilakukan berdasarkan dari perubahan tingkah laku yang didapatkan dari pengalaman peserta didik dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan ialah purposive sampling, Sampel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria mahasiswa yang aktif dalam organisasi angkatan 2019 dan 2020. Pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner dan instrumen penelitian yang digunakan ialah angket berbentuk semantik diferensial yang disampaikan melalui google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan keaktifan organisasi terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa Manajemen Pendidikan Islam UIN Alauddin Makassar dengan nilai signifikansi 0,00 < 0,05 dan keaktifan organisasi (variabel x) terhadap prestasi belajar sebesar 54,76% kemudian sisanya 45,24% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Keaktifan mahasiswa dalam berorganisasi dapat memberikan dampak positif terutama pada kemampuan soft skill yang menunjang prestasi belajarnya seperti pengetahuan dan wawasan yang luas, kemampuan public speaking atau komunikasi, membangun relasi, meningkatkan value atau kualitas sebagai mahasiswa yang kreatif inovatif serta berintelektual yang berbeda dengan mahasiswa pada umumnya.
Eine qualitative Studie zu den Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die österreichische Landwirtschaft
Authors: Quehl Henriette Elisabeth , Haas Rainer , Pöchtrager Siegfried , Meixner Oliver 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die ergriffenen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie sowie Einstellungs- und Verhaltensänderungen der Konsumenten haben sich global auf Lebensmittelwertschöpfungsketten ausgewirkt. Um die Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die österreichische Landwirtschaft zu untersuchen, wurden im Frühjahr 2021 Interviews mit 34 Landwirt:innen geführt. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wird deutlich, dass die vielfältigen und heterogenen Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf landwirtschaftliche Betriebe sowohl Chancen als auch Herausforderungen verursachen. Zu den negativen Auswirkungen zählen Absatzschwierigkeiten durch die Schließung von Gastronomie und Märkten, das Verbot nichtlandwirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten, die gestörte Verfügbarkeit von Arbeitskräften und Betriebsmitteln sowie Belastungen der Landwirt:innen. Die Mitigation negativer Auswirkungen durch staatliche Hilfen und Interessenvertretung zeigte eine begrenzte Wirksamkeit. Dennoch wurde die Funktionsfähigkeit der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion aufgrund geringfügiger direkter Auswirkungen und adäquater Anpassungen aufrechterhalten. Positive Auswirkungen resultieren aus der gestiegenen Nachfrage in der Direktvermarktung und im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel, der verbesserten Wahrnehmung der Landwirtschaft in der Gesellschaft und Vorteilen im Privatleben der Landwirt:innen. Langfristige Veränderungen der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe werden vor allem durch Digitalisierung, Investitionen und Anpassungen der Vermarktung ausgelöst.
Aktuelle Praxis und künftige Herausforderungen der Klärschlammbewirtschaftung unter Berücksichtigung von Kleinkläranlagen und kleinen Kläranlagen am Beispiel von Oberösterreich
Authors: Sacken Johannes , Langergraber Günter , Kretschmer Florian 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Klärschlammbewirtschaftung in Österreich befindet sich im Umbruch. Künftig soll die Phosphorrückgewinnung forciert werden, gleichzeitig verliert die landwirtschaftliche Ausbringung immer weiter an Bedeutung. Aktuelle politische Konzepte fokussieren sich primär auf die (wenigen) größeren Kläranlagen, allerdings haben auch die (vielen) kleinen Anlagen einen Bedarf an tragfähigen Lösungen für die Zukunft. Um einen Überblick über die aktuelle Praxis der Klärschlammbewirtschaftung unter spezieller Berücksichtigung von Kleinkläranlagen und kleinen Kläranlagen zu schaffen, wird in diesem Beitrag am Beispiel von Oberösterreich ein Inventar aller Kläranlagen im Land erstellt und darauf aufbauend anlagenspezifisch der Klärschlammanfall dargestellt und wichtige derzeit gängige Verwertungspfade genauer beleuchtet. Die präsentierten Erkenntnisse sollen dazu beitragen, die Fachwelt sowie die politischen Entscheidungsträger in Bezug auf die Bedürfnisse der „kleineren“ Kläranlagen zu sensibilisieren, damit auch diese bei der Entwicklung von geeigneten und tragfähigen Zukunftskonzepten der Klärschlammbewirtschaftung Berücksichtigung finden.
Enterprise Risk Management dan Intellectual Capital Pada Earnings Response Coefficient
Authors: Haryanti Angelia Putri Surya , Wirakusuma Made Gede 
Published: February 2023

The background of this research is some of the results of previous research regarding the informativeness of the value of profit (value relevance). The research objective is to find empirical evidence of the influence of enterprise risk management and intellectual capital on the earnings response coefficient. The study uses size and industry type control variables with multiple linear regression data analysis techniques. The research sample is 143 companies with purposive sampling as the sampling method. The results show that enterprise risk management has no effect on the earnings response coefficient, while intellectual capital has a positive effect on the earnings response coefficient. Size and industry type control variables have a positive effect on the earnings response coefficient.
Keywords: Enterprise Risk Management; Intellectual Capital; ERC
Comparative efficacy and safety of six photoelectric therapies for the atrophic acne scars: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yunong , Sun Zhanxue , Cai Lingling , Zhang Fengchuan 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
This network meta-analysis assessed the relative efficacy and safety of six common photoelectric therapies including 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG), fractional carbon dioxide laser(FSCO2), fractional micro-plasma radiofrequency(Plasma), micro-needling fractional radiofrequency (MRF), 1550nm or 1540nm erbium-glass non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) fractional erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG).

Methods
A comprehensive search to identify relevant studies was conducted using four electronic databases. Outcome measures were extracted based on subjective and objective indexes, including the dermatologists’ evaluation(DE), the patients’ overall satisfaction(PS), VAS score, and Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).

Results
Eleven published clinical research studies, involving 405 patients were included in this study. Ranking of DE from large to small is as follows: Nd: YAG, FSCO2, Er: YAG, Plasma, NAFL, MRF. In terms of PS, the rand from high to low can be described as follows: Er: YAG, Nd: YAG, FSCO2, Plasma, NAFL, MRF. In connection with the sequencing of adverse events, pain severity from slight to severe as follows: Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, FSCO2, NAFL, MRF, Plasma. The probability of having PIH are presented in order from lowest to highest as follows: MRF, Plasma, Nd: YAG, NAFL, Er: YAG, FSCO2.

Conclusion
FSCO2 remains the mainstream of potentially curative treatment, then again Nd: YAG and Er: YAG require greater efforts to prove their superior effectiveness. NAFL might be appropriate for mild and moderate improvement with its strengths of good tolerance while Plasma fits into patients with higher pain thresholds but an expectation of higher results. MRF has not given expression on absolute predominance for the present.

Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021242160
(available from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero).
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for characterizing renal tumors: A validation study of the algorithm presented by Cornelis et al.
Authors: Pietersen Pia Iben , Lynggård Bo Madsen Janni , Asmussen Jon , Lund Lars , Nielsen Tommy Kjærgaard , Pedersen Michael , Engvad Birte , Graumann Ole 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
In the last decade, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been rising, with the greatest increase observed for solid tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols and algorithms have recently been available for classifying RCC subtypes and benign subtypes. The objective of this study was to prospectively validate the MRI algorithm presented by Cornelis et al. for RCC classification.

Material and Methods:
Over a 7-month period, 38 patients with 44 renal tumors were prospectively included in the study and received an MRI examination in addition to the conventional investigation program. The MRI sequences were: T2-weighted, dual chemical shift MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted in wash-in and wash-out phases. The images were evaluated according to the algorithm by two experienced, blinded radiologists, and the histopathological diagnosis served as the gold standard.

Results:
Of 44 tumors in 38 patients, only 8 tumors (18.2%) received the same MRI diagnosis according to the algorithm as the histopathological diagnosis. MRI diagnosed 16 angiomyolipoma, 14 clear cell RCC (ccRCC), 12 chromophobe RCC (chRCC), and two papillary RCC (pRCC), while histopathological examination diagnosed 24 ccRCC, four pRCC, one chRCC, and one mixed tumor of both pRCC and chRCC. Malignant tumors were statistically significantly larger than the benign (3.16 ± 1.34 cm vs. 2.00 ± 1.04 cm, P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
This prospective study could not reproduce Cornelis et al.’s results and does not support differentiating renal masses using multiparametric MRI without percutaneous biopsy in the future. The MRI algorithm showed few promising results to categorize renal tumors, indicating histopathology for clinical decisions and follow-up regimes of renal masses are still required.