bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Observation of the Al2Cu Interface in Cu/Al Shaped Charge Liners
Authors: Zhang Jinhong , Sun Chunhao , Shao Ruiwen , Dong Weikang , Liu Tiansheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShaped charge liners have recently received a lot of attention due to their exceptional properties, particularly copper–aluminum (Cu–Al) bimetal liners which cause larger penetration than copper liners. However, inevitably high brittle compositions exist along the interface such as Al2Cu and Al4Cu9 which induce low plasticity to negatively influence the performance. Until now, the interface structure between these compositions and Cu/Al has seldom received attention. In this paper, the interface between Al2Cu and Cu/Al is depicted and studied on atomic level. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) reveal that the Al2Cu are the main compositions of AlxCu along Cu/Al interface. Importantly, the interface structure of Al2Cu–Cu and Al2Cu–Al is demonstrated, where the Al2Cu–Cu interface has a transition region showing polycrystalline, while the Al2Cu–Al interface exhibits a sharp boundary which can form a 5 nm width co‐exist area in which Al2Cu and Al both exist without any mismatch or dislocation. The findings certify the discrepant atomic structure in the interface which can help understanding the connection style of highly brittle compositions and Cu/Al. This phenomenon has potential value in understanding the Cu/Al liner's performance and Cu/Al alloys in the future.
Influence of Calcium Element on Microstructure and Electrical Properties of ZnO Varistor with Lesser Dopants
Authors: Gao Yuan , Hong Su‐Lei , Chen Yong , Wang Mao‐Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of Ca‐doping on microstructure and electrical characteristics of ZnO varistor ceramics is studied. With the increase of the doping concentration of calcium, the ZnO ceramics show strong directional growth along the Ca2MnO3.5 phase and the intensity of the X‐ray diffraction peaks of the Ca2MnO3.5 phase increase obviously, which indicates that the phase structure of ZnO ceramics is significantly affected by the calcium concentration. The average grain size of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mol% Ca‐doped ZnO ceramics is 7.2, 5.2, 4.8, and 4.2 µm, respectively, confirming the doping of Ca restrained the growth of grain in ceramics. The varistor ceramics doped with 1 mol% Ca have a density of 4.37 g cm−3, with a nonlinear coefficient of ∼41 at room temperature. They can be used to protect the electrical circuits from over voltages in the range of 280–460 V. Moreover, the ZnO ceramics show good temperature stability and the nonlinear coefficient changes slightly when the temperature changes from 25 to 150 °C; especially for varistor ceramics with 2 mol% Ca, the nonlinear coefficient is stable at about 37.
An artificial intelligence‐based spectrum sensing methodology for LoRa and cognitive radio networks
Authors: Yalçın Sercan 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe artificial intelligence‐based spectrum sensing approach is extremely important in terms of effective bandwidth utilization for low power wide area networks (LPWANs) based on cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Most studies perform spectrum detection with CRNs using optimization or deep neural network methods. However, optimization‐based spectrum detection approaches based on current LPWANs are scarce. For this purpose, in this study, a hybrid optimization methodology integrated with CRNs is proposed for LoRa, which is one of the most compatible LPWAN technologies in the Internet of Things (IoTs) recently. In the particle swarm optimization (PSO) part of this hybrid methodology, agent users are created so that secondary users (SUs) could use the licensed band of primary users (PUs) in cognitive radio. On the genetic algorithm side, LoRa error rates are minimized in order to further improve the performance of the proposed method. In this way, effective spectrum sensing is performed in the LoRa network. Various LoRa‐CRN experiments have been carried out in the simulation environment, and the probability of detection and false alarm performances have been compared with both theoretical and proposed approaches in terms of quality estimation parameters. It is clear from the results that the proposed methods give successful results for the LoRa‐CRNs.
Functional comparison of human ACVR1 and zebrafish Acvr1l FOP‐associated variants in embryonic zebrafish
Authors: Lalonde Robert L. , Nicolas Hannah A. , Cutler Rowan S. , Pantekidis Irene , Zhang Weibo , Yelick Pamela C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare disease characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification of muscle and connective tissues, is caused by autosomal dominant activating mutations in the type I receptor, ACVR1/ALK2. The classic human FOP variant, ACVR1R206H, shows increased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and activation by activins.ResultsHere, we performed in vivo functional characterization of human ACVR1R206H and orthologous zebrafish Acvr1lR203H using early embryonic zebrafish dorsoventral patterning as a phenotypic readout for receptor activity. Our results showed that human ACVR1R206H and zebrafish Acvr1lR203H exhibit functional differences in early embryonic zebrafish, and that human ACVR1R206H retained its signaling activity in the absence of a ligand‐binding domain (LBD). We also showed, for the first time, that zebrafish Acvr2ba/Acvr2bb receptors are required for human ACVR1R206H signaling in early embryonic zebrafish.ConclusionsTogether, these data provide new insight into ACVR1R206H signaling pathways that may facilitate the design of new and effective therapies for FOP patients.
Genomic investigation refutes record of most diverged avian hybrid
Authors: Alfieri James M. , Johnson Taryn , Linderholm Anna , Blackmon Heath , Athrey Giridhar N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe most diverged avian hybrid that has been documented (Numida meleagris × Penelope superciliaris) was reported in 1957. This identification has yet to be confirmed, and like most contemporary studies of hybridization, the identification was based on phenotype, which can be misleading. In this study, we sequenced the specimen in question and performed analyses to validate the specimen's parentage. We extracted DNA from the specimen in a dedicated ancient DNA facility and performed whole‐genome short‐read sequencing. We used BLAST to find Galliformes sequences similar to the hybrid specimen reads. We found that the proportion of BLAST hits mapped overwhelmingly to two species, N. meleagris and Gallus gallus. Additionally, we constructed phylogenies using avian orthologs and parsed the species placed as sister to the hybrid. Again, the hybrid specimen was placed as a sister to N. meleagris and G. gallus. Despite not being a hybrid between N. meleagris and P. superciliaris, the hybrid still represents the most diverged avian hybrid confirmed with genetic data. In addition to correcting the “record” of the most diverged avian hybrid, these findings support recent assertions that morphological and behavioral‐based identifications of avian hybrids can be error‐prone. Consequently, this study serves as a cautionary tale to researchers of hybridization.
A simple, low‐cost method to age mammals? An alternative to cementum annuli analysis
Authors: Gable Thomas D. , Johnson‐Bice Sean M. , Windels Steve K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne of the most common and ubiquitous methods to age mammals is by counting the cementum annuli in molars, premolars, incisors, or canines. Despite the ubiquity and perceived simplicity of the method, cementum annuli analysis can be time‐consuming, expensive, inaccurate, and imprecise, and require specialized equipment. Using beavers (Castor canadensis) as a test species, we developed a straightforward method to age mammals that requires little specialized equipment. The method consists of: (1) digitizing longitudinally sectioned teeth and measuring the proportion of tooth surface area comprised of cementum (“proportion cementum”), (2) evaluating the relationship between proportion cementum and specimen age (determined from either known‐age samples or cementum annuli analysis), and (3) using the modeled relationship to estimate the age of other individuals based solely on proportion cementum. The relationship between proportion cementum and age was strongly correlated (R2 = .97–.98 depending on observer), similar between observers, and similar between known‐age specimens and those aged via cementum annuli analysis. Using this proportion cementum method, two independent observers accurately predicted the age of 80%–84% of specimens within 0.5 year and 96%–98% within 1 year. We suggest this aging method will likely work with most mammal species given the relatively consistent deposition of cementum throughout mammals' lives and has promise to be a simple and quick alternative to cementum annuli analysis regardless of whether one develops proportion cementum models using known‐age specimens or those aged via alternative methods.
Plasticity in oviposition and foraging behavior in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii across natural and agricultural landscapes
Authors: Elsensohn Johanna E. , Burrack Hannah J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effects and extent of the impacts of agricultural insect pests in and around cropping systems is a rich field of study. However, little research exists on the presence and consequence of pest insects in undisturbed landscapes distant from crop hosts. Research in such areas may yield novel or key insights on pest behavior or ecology that is not evident from agroecosystem‐based studies. Using the invasive fruit pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) as a case study, we investigated the presence and resource use patterns of this agricultural pest in wild blackberries growing within the southern Appalachian Mountain range of North Carolina over 2 years. We found D. suzukii throughout the sampled range with higher levels of infestation (D. suzukii eggs/g fruit) in all ripeness stages in natural areas when compared with cultivated blackberry samples, but especially in under‐ripe fruit. We also explored a direct comparison of oviposition preference between wild and cultivated fruit and found higher oviposition in wild berries when equal weights of fruit were offered, but oviposition was higher in cultivated berries when fruit number was equal. Forest populations laid more eggs in unripe wild‐grown blackberries throughout the year than populations infesting cultivated berries. This suggests D. suzukii may change its oviposition and foraging behavior in relation to fruit type. Additionally, as D. suzukii exploits a common forest fruit prior to ripeness, further research is needed to explore how this affects wild food web dynamics and spillover to regional agroecosystems.
A clinical trial about effects of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on weight loss, psychological profile and metabolic parameters in obese subjects
Authors: Ben Othman Rym , Ben Amor Nadia , Mahjoub Faten , Berriche Olfa , El Ghali Chaima , Gamoudi Amel , Jamoussi Henda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe management of obesity is difficult with many failures of lifestyle measures, hence the need to broaden the range of treatments prescribed. The aim of our work was to study the influence of pre and probiotics on weight loss psychological profile and metabolic parameters in obese patients.MethodsIt is a clinical trial involving 45 obese patients, recruited from the Obesity Unit of the National Institute of Nutrition between March and August 2022 divided into three groups: diet only (low‐carbohydrate and reduced energy diet), prebiotics (30 g of carob/day) and probiotics (one tablet containing Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus/day). The three groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. Patients were seen after 1 month from the intervention. Anthropometric measures, biological parameters, dietary survey and psychological scores were performed.ResultsThe average age of our population was 48.73 ± 7.7 years, with a female predominance. All three groups showed a significant decrease in weight, BMI and waist circumference with p < .05. Only the prebiotic and probiotic group showed a significant decrease in fat mass (p = .001) and a significant increase in muscle strength with p = .008 and .004, but the differences were not significant between the three groups. Our results showed also a significant decrease in insulinemia and HOMA‐IR in the prebiotic group compared to the diet‐alone group (p = .03; p = .012) and the probiotic group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose compared to the diet alone group (p = .02). A significant improvement in sleep quality was noted in the prebiotic group (p = .02), with a significant decrease in depression, anxiety and stress in all three groups.ConclusionsThe prescription of prebiotics and probiotics with the lifestyle measures seems interesting for the management of obesity especially if it is sarcopenic, in addition to the improvement of metabolic parameters and obesity‐related psychiatric disorders.
“I really wanna put eyes on these guys”: Caregiving in prisons, pandemic, and protest
Authors: Doughty Kristin , Bedell Precious , N'Gambwa Amina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article we use our collaborative work with a support group for families of incarcerated people in upstate New York—including participant observation, interviews and focus groups from 2019‐2020—to highlight how COVID‐19 exacerbated challenges they already faced in caring for kin across walls. We focus specifically during the summer of 2020 when New York state prison visitation was closed to prevent the spread of COVID, showing how families struggled to stay connected and also organized to fight the carceral system. We suggest that through these acts of resistance and care, people on the outside caring for incarcerated kin during the pandemic can be understood as what Joy James calls the “captive maternal.” Understanding these women as “captive maternals” within a system structured by racial capitalism renders explicit the way the logics of captivity extend beyond the walls of prisons and jails to shape the experiences of their kin on the outside. It reveals these women to be not simply compassionate individuals caring for people they love, but rather as resistors fighting through their acts of care the logics of abandonment, disposability, and anti‐blackness on which contemporary American society is built, and which people nationwide were protesting.
Nano‐preservation: An emerging postharvest technology for quality maintenance and shelf life extension of fresh fruit and vegetable
Authors: Shan Youxia , Li Taotao , Qu Hongxia , Duan Xuewu , Farag Mohamed A. , Xiao Jianbo , Gao Haiyan , Jiang Yueming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPostharvest handling is an important approach to reduce loss and ensure the global supply of fresh fruits and vegetables (FVs). Recently, nanomaterials are increasingly recognized for their great potentials in extending shelf life and maintaining the quality of postharvest FVs owing to their unique properties and outstanding functions with extremely small sizes. This study reviews critically applications of nanotechnology in shelf life extension and quality maintenance of postharvest FVs via nano‐packaging, nano‐coatings, and micro/nano‐bubbles. The advantages of these nanotechnologies to effectively compensate for the shortcomings of the traditional methods are highlighted alongside future research directions at a large low‐cost scale. Generally, nano‐packaging, nano‐coatings, and micro/nano‐bubbles have the functions to modify gas or solvent permeability, inhibit pathogens infection, enhance antimicrobial capacity, and regulate the physiological activity of postharvest FVs. With the development of nanotechnology and quality control measures, it can be expected that green nano‐preservation technology will be an important and novel alternative for the storage and transportation of postharvest FVs.
Effect of myrtle leaves integration in sheep diet and its addition as powder on leg meat' oxidative stability, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties during storage
Authors: Tibaoui Souha , Essid Ines , Smeti Samir , Atti Naziha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe synthetic antioxidant improved the shelf life of meat products; however, consumers start to reject them for health reason. For this, the natural antioxidants like Myrtle distillate leaves (MDL) could be an interesting alternative and potential natural antioxidant given their richness in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to test the effect of myrtle distillate leaves (MDL) as natural antioxidant in premortem phase as diet of cull ewes and in postmortem phase in form of powder added to deboned legs on meat' quality. All ewes received individually 500 g of hay and 750 g of concentrate for Control (C) group; for Myrt group, the concentrate was partially replaced (400 g) by pellets containing 30% MDL and 350 g concentrate. For each ewe, both legs were used for the experiment; one leg was treated with MDL powder and the other with Control. Meat from ewes' fed MDL presented better scores for red color, aftertaste and juiciness, than control group. Meat treated with MDL powder showed the highest values of total phenolic, α‐tocopherol content and redness score with lower lipid oxidation (p < .05). The microbiological quality of meat was not affected by MDL. Myrtle distillate leaves could be used in different forms, in order to obtain higher meat product quality.
Louisiana's “Medically Futile” Unborn Child List: Ethical Lessons at the Post‐Dobbs Intersection of Reproductive and Disability Justice
Authors: Guidry‐Grimes Laura , Stahl Devan , Reynolds Joel Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAbleist attitudes and structures are increasingly recognized across all sectors of health care delivery. After Dobbs, novel questions arose in the United States concerning how to protect reproductive autonomy while avoiding discrimination against and devaluation of disabled persons. In this essay, we examine the Louisiana Department of Health's emergency declaration, “List of Conditions That Shall Deem an Unborn Child ‘Medically Futile,’” issued August 1, 2022. We raise a number of medical, ethical, and public health concerns that lead us to argue that the declaration should be rescinded. Analysis of this ethically objectionable declaration provides valuable lessons about how to uphold both reproductive and disability justice in a post‐Dobbs landscape.
Robotic versus endoscopic transoral thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid cancer: A comparative analysis of surgical outcomes in 240 consecutive patients
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Choi Hee Jun , Woo Jung‐Woo , Jung Eun‐Jung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study compared the surgical outcomes of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) and transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).MethodsThe TOETVA and TORT groups comprised 119 and 121 patients between November 2016 and May 2022. Clinico‐surgical outcomes and operation times were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe TORT group showed a higher number of retrieved central compartment lymph nodes, shorter hospital stays, and lower pain score after 48 h than the TOETVA group. No significant difference was observed in the other postoperative complications, including permanent vocal cord palsy. Total operation, working space creation, and endoscopic or robotic surgery times of the TORT group were longer than those of the TOETVA group.ConclusionsTORT and TOETVA are feasible and safe. TORT may have some advantages, such as central compartment node dissection, shorter hospital stays, and pain score after 48 h in PTC, despite a longer operative time.
Evaluation of effective features in the diagnosis of Covid‐19 infection from routine blood tests with multilayer perceptron neural network: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mohammadi Fatemeh , Dehbozorgi Leila , Akbari‐Hasanjani Hamid Reza , Joz Abbasalian Zahra , Akbari‐Hasanjani Reza , Sabbaghi‐Nadooshan Reza , Moradi Tabriz Hedieh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimCoronavirus is an infectious disease that is now known as an epidemic, early and accurate diagnosis helps the patient receive more care. The aim of this study is to investigate Covid‐19 using blood tests and multilayer perceptron neural network and affective factors in improving and preventing Covid‐19.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed on 200 patients referred to Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran, who were confirmed cases of Covid‐19 by computerized tomography‐scan analysis between 2 March 2020 to 5 April 2020. After verification of lung involvement, blood sampling was done to separate the sera for C‐reactive protein (CRP), magnesium (Mg), lymphocyte percentage, and vitamin D analysis in healthy and unhealthy people. Blood samples from healthy and sick people were applied to the multilayer perceptron network for 70% of the data for training and 30% for testing.ResultBy examining the features, it was found that in patients with Covid‐19, there was a significant relationship between increased CRP and decreased lymphocyte levels, and increased Mg (p < 0.01). In these patients, the amount of CRP and Mg in women and the number of lymphocytes and vitamin D in men were significantly higher (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe important advantage of using a multilayer perceptron neural network is to speed up the diagnosis and treatment.
Comparison of cord blood pro‐BNP levels in newborns of SARS‐COV‐2‐positive and ‐negative women, and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Besimoglu Berhan , Akgün Betül , Ayhan Şule Göncü , Kaya Ecem , Şimşek Gülsüm Kadioğlu , Aşıcıoğlu Osman , Yazihan Nuray , Şahin Dilek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare umbilical cord blood pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in newborns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) positive pregnancies to those of SARS‐COV‐2 negative pregnancies.MethodsProspectively cord blood samples from newborns of 42 SARS‐COV‐2 positive women, and 42 negative pregnant were collected at birth and analyzed for pro‐BNP levels.ResultsThe mean cord blood pro‐BNP level was significantly higher in newborns of SARS‐COV‐2 positive women than in controls. Furthermore, the pro‐BNP level was an independent predictor of NİCU admission in both SARS‐COV‐2 positive and control patients.ConclusionCord blood pro‐BNP level may be a parameter that can predict the under‐stress fetus and adverse perinatal outcomes especially, in cases where placental involvement is present as in SARS‐COV‐2 infection.