bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss and recovery of myocardial mitochondria in mice under different tail suspension time: Apoptosis and mitochondrial fission, fusion and autophagy
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Xing‐Chen , Chen Ya‐Fei , Wang Chuan‐Li , Chen Le , Jiang Ming‐Yue , Liu Xi‐Wei , Zhang Xiao‐Xuan , Feng Yong‐Zhen , Xu Jin‐Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLong‐term weightlessness in animals can cause changes in myocardial structure and function, in which mitochondria play an important role. Here, a tail suspension (TS) Kunming mouse (Mus musculus) model was used to simulate the effects of weightlessness on the heart. We investigated the effects of 2 and 4 weeks of TS (TS2 and TS4) on myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure and oxidative respiratory function and on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and mitochondrial fission, autophagy and fusion‐related signalling. Our study revealed significant changes in the ultrastructural features of cardiomyocytes in response to TS. The results showed: (1) mitochondrial swelling and disruption of cristae in TS2, but mitochondrial recovery and denser cristae in TS4; (2) an increase in the total number of mitochondria and number of sub‐mitochondria in TS4; (3) no significant changes in the nuclear ultrastructure or DNA fragmentation among the two TS groups and the control group; (4) an increase in the bax/bcl‐2 protein levels in the two TS groups, indicating increased activation of the bax‐mediated apoptosis pathway; (5) no change in the phosphorylation ratio of dynamin‐related protein 1 in the two TS groups; (6) an increase in the protein levels of optic atrophy 1 and mitofusin 2 in the two TS groups; and (7) in comparison to the TS2 group, an increase in the phosphorylation ratio of parkin and the ratio of LC3II to LC3I in TS4, suggesting an increase in autophagy. Taken together, these findings suggest that mitochondrial autophagy and fusion levels increased after 4 weeks of TS, leading to a restoration of the bax‐mediated myocardial apoptosis pathway observed after 2 weeks of TS.
An Aggregate Sternal Force-Deflection Model
Authors: Sargent Brandon , Bolanos Diana , Garcia Victor , Howell Larry 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the force-deflection behavior of the sternum is an important element in designing devices for implants for chest wall deformity repair. Human growth and variability makes a single measure of the stiffness difficult to determine. This work takes empirical data from the literature to develop aggregate sternal force-deflection models. Statistical methods were used to determine possible groupings based on patient age and the effect of gender. It was found that three age groups could be used, representing childhood (4–10 years), adolescence (11–19 years), and adulthood (26–53 years). Gender was found to have a statistical p-value of 0.068, 0.0611, and 0.012, respectively, in the proposed age groups. Jittering of the data was used to account for human variability and assumptions made in data comparisons. The jittered results followed that of the initial dataset. Childhood force-deflection behavior follows a relatively constant stiffness, adolescence experiences a growth period of increasing stiffness, and adulthood stiffnesses again begin to stabilize around a relatively constant value.
Combined Effect of Bubble Size and Gas Volume Fraction on Natural Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement in Homogeneous Bubbly Flow: Eulerian–Eulerian Numerical Simulations
Authors: Law Deify , Selvamani Arun Sriniwas , Nava Luis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Natural convective heat transfer can be enhanced through either fins or riblets, wall roughness elements, or the injection of bubbles in the flow. Bubble injections in a quiescent (pseudo-turbulent) liquid phase or an already turbulent liquid phase had been shown to enhance the natural convective heat transfer from literature. However, study of the combined effect of bubble size and gas volume fraction rather than individual effect on natural convective heat transfer enhancement for homogeneous bubbly flow is lacking. The present work intends to fill in that data gap through conducting numerical simulations to study the combined effect of bubble size and gas volume fraction on natural convective heat transfer enhancement. The present numerical work employs the validated interphase force models and the Eulerian–Eulerian model. ansysfluent is used to simulate a bubbly flow in a three-dimensional rectangular channel with a natural convective heat transfer. Bubbles ranging from microto millimeter diameter with inlet gas volume fraction varied in the range of 0.351–3.725% are injected upward to a quiescent liquid phase in a rectangular channel with a heated left wall and a cooled right wall. The flow regime is homogeneous without bubble coalescence and breakup effect. Validated computational models are employed to study the combined effect of bubble size and gas volume fraction on heat transfer enhancement. A relation between Nusselt number, bubble Reynolds number, Rayleigh number, nondimensional bubble size, and inlet gas volume fraction is constructed using the power regression method.
Dynamics of an Evaporating Drop Migrating in a Poiseuille Flow
Authors: Dubey Anubhav , Sahu Kirti Chandra , Biswas Gautam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The evaporation of a liquid drop of initial diameter (Ddrop) migrating in a tube of diameter (D0) is investigated using the coupled level set and volume of fluid method focusing on determining the heat and mass transfer coefficients for a deforming drop. A robust phase change model is developed using an embedded boundary method under a finite difference framework to handle vaporizing flows. The model is extensively validated through simulations of benchmark problems such as arbitrary evaporation of a static drop and reproduction of psychrometric data. The results show that the Sherwood number and the Nusselt number reach a steady value after an initial transient period for the drop subjected to Hagen-Poiseuille flow. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of drop deformation on the rate of evaporation. It is observed that Stefan flow due to evaporation has a negligible impact on the drop deformation dynamics. We also observed that, for different values of Ddrop/D0, the Sherwood number follows a linear correlation with Re1/2Sc1/3.
A Systematic Review on the Physical, Physiological, Perceptual, and Technical–Tactical Demands of Official 3 × 3 Basketball Games
Authors: Sansone Pierpaolo , Conte Daniele , Tessitore Antonio , Rampinini Ermanno , Ferioli Davide 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To systematically review the physical, physiological, perceptual, and technical–tactical demands of official 3 × 3 basketball games. Methods: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify studies assessing physical, physiological, perceptual, and technical–tactical demands of 3 × 3 games. Data were also coded according to player sex and tournament phase. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Results: Thirteen articles were finally included, with a mean quality of 8.6 (1.1) out of 11. Three-by-three basketball games have an intermittent profile (1:1 work–rest ratio), with a duration of ∼15 minutes, and are characterized by short (6–8 s) ball possessions and considerable physical (17–33 accelerations, 24–44 decelerations, 62–94 changes of directions, and 17–24 jumps per game) and physiological (lactate: ∼6.2 mmol·L−1) demands. Overall, the game performance profile is similar in males and females, with minor changes happening across tournament phases. Several key technical–tactical indicators were identified as discriminating winning and losing teams, such as better shooting and defensive efficiency, low number of turnovers, and implementing tactical actions involving more players, passing first, and ending possessions with shots from outside of the arch from the top of the key. Conclusions: Three-by-three basketball is an intermittent, physically demanding sport characterized by quick plays and specific tactical constraints. This review provides information that should be considered by performance staff to improve training prescription, game tactical plans, and for player selection and talent identification.
A Resource-Based View of Organizational Sustainability in Sport for Development
Authors: Choi Wonjun , Chung Mi Ryoung , Lee Wonju , Jones Gareth J. , Svensson Per G. 
Published: August 2023

A growing number of sport-for-development (SFD) organizations have emerged in the nonprofit sector to leverage sport for social change, yet many organizations struggle with chronic resource deficiencies that inhibit their long-term viability and highlight a pressing need to examine the sustainability of SFD organizations through resource-based perspectives. This study analyzed secondary financial and administrative data from SFD organizations in the United States to examine changes in key resources during early organizational life stages. Latent profile analysis was utilized to classify organizations based on their level of resources, and multilevel growth modeling revealed significant changes in key resources over the first 5 years of operation, as well as significant differences based on initial resource levels and rates of change. The results provide theoretical insight into the key resources associated with organizational sustainability in the SFD field and offer practical implications for resource procurement, prioritization, and management.
Lung microenvironments harbor
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
phenotypes with distinct treatment responses
Authors: Walter Nicholas D. , Ernest Jackie P. , Dide-Agossou Christian , Bauman Allison A. , Ramey Michelle E. , Rossmassler Karen , Massoudi Lisa M. , Pauly Samantha , Al Mubarak Reem , Voskuil Martin I. , Kaya Firat , Sarathy Jansy P. , Zimmerman Matthew D. , Dartois Véronique , Podell Brendan K. , Savic Radojka M. , Robertson Gregory T. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis lung lesions are complex and harbor heterogeneous microenvironments that influence antibiotic effectiveness. Major strides have been made recently in understanding drug pharmacokinetics in pulmonary lesions, but the bacterial phenotypes that arise under these conditions and their contribution to drug tolerance are poorly understood. A pharmacodynamic marker called the RS ratio
®
quantifies ongoing rRNA synthesis based on the abundance of newly synthesized precursor rRNA relative to mature structural rRNA. Application of the RS ratio in the C3HeB/FeJ mouse model demonstrated that
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
populations residing in different tissue microenvironments are phenotypically distinct and respond differently to drug treatment with rifampin, isoniazid, or bedaquiline. This work provides a foundational basis required to address how anatomic and pathologic microenvironmental niches may contribute to long treatment duration and drug tolerance during the treatment of human tuberculosis.
Unrecognized risk of perfluorooctane sulfonate in promoting conjugative transfers of bacterial antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Yin Lichun , Wang Xiaolong , Xu Han , Yin Bo , Wang Xingshuo , Zhang Yulin , Li Xinyao , Luo Yi , Chen Zeyou 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance is a major global health crisis facing humanity, with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) as a principal dissemination mechanism in the natural and clinical environments. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants of global concern due to their high persistence in the environment and adverse effects on humans. However, it is unknown whether PFASs affect the HGT of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Using a genetically engineered
Escherichia coli
MG1655 as the donor of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs),
E. coli
J53 and soil bacterial community as two different recipients, this study demonstrated that the conjugation frequency of ARGs between two
E. coli
strains was (1.45 ± 0.17) × 10
−5
and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at environmentally relevant concentrations (2–50 μg L
−1
) increased conjugation transfer between
E. coli
strains by up to 3.25-fold. Increases in reactive oxygen species production, cell membrane permeability, biofilm formation capacity, and cell contact in two
E. coli
strains were proposed as major promotion mechanisms from PFOS exposure. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of transcriptome data identified a series of candidate genes whose expression changes could contribute to the increase in conjugation transfer induced by PFOS. Furthermore, PFOS also generally increased the ARG transfer into the studied soil bacterial community, although the uptake ability of different community members of the plasmid either increased or decreased upon PFOS exposure depending on specific bacterial taxa. Overall, this study reveals an unrecognized risk of PFOS in accelerating the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

IMPORTANCE
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants of global concern due to their high persistence in the environment and adverse health effects. Although the influence of environmental pollutants on the spread of antibiotic resistance, one of the biggest threats to global health, has attracted increasing attention in recent years, it is unknown whether environmental residues of PFASs affect the dissemination of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Considering PFASs, often called “forever” compounds, have significantly higher environmental persistence than most emerging organic contaminants, exploring the effect of PFASs on the spread of antibiotic resistance is more environmentally relevant and has essential ecological and health significance. By systematically examining the influence of perfluorooctane sulfonate on the antibiotic resistance gene conjugative transfer, not only at the single-strain level but also at the community level, this study has uncovered an unrecognized risk of PFASs in promoting conjugative transfers of bacterial antibiotic resistance genes, which could be incorporated into the risk assessment framework of PFASs.
Evaluation of telepsychiatry during the COVID-19 pandemic across service users, carers and clinicians: an international mixed-methods study
Authors: Sheriff Rebecca , Hong James S W , Henshall Catherine , D'Agostino Armando , Tomassi Simona , Stein Hans–Christian , Cerveri Giancarlo , Cibra Chiara , Bonora Stefano , Giordano Barbara , Smith Tanya , Phiri Peter , Asher Carolyn , Elliot Kathryn , Zangani Caroline , Ede Roger , Saad Fathi , Smith Katharine Alison , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundWorldwide uptake of telepsychiatry accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo conduct an evaluation of the opinions, preferences and attitudes to telepsychiatry from service users, carers and clinicians in order to understand how telepsychiatry can be best used in the peri/post-COVID-19 era.MethodsThis mixed-methods, multicentre, international study of telepsychiatry was set in two sites in England and two in Italy. Survey questionnaires and focus group topic guides were co-produced for each participant group (service users, carers and clinicians).FindingsIn the UK, 906 service users, 117 carers and 483 clinicians, and in Italy, 164 service users, 56 carers and 72 clinicians completed the surveys. In all, 17 service users/carers and 14 clinicians participated in focus groups. Overall, telepsychiatry was seen as convenient in follow-ups with a specific purpose such as medication reviews; however, it was perceived as less effective for establishing a therapeutic relationship or for assessing acutely disturbed mental states. In contrast to clinicians, most service users and carers indicated that telepsychiatry had not improved during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most service users and carers reported that the choice of appointment modality was most often determined by the service or clinician.Conclusion and relevanceThere were circumstances in which telepsychiatry was seen as more suitable than others and clear differences in clinician, carer and service user perspectives on telepsychiatry.Clinical implicationsAll stakeholders should be actively engaged in determining a hybrid model of care according to clinical features and service user and carer preferences. Clinicians should be engaged in training programmes on telepsychiatry.
How has the tobacco industry passed tax changes through to consumers in 12 sub-Saharan African countries?
Authors: Sheikh Zaineb Danish , Branston J Robert , van der Zee Kirsten , Gilmore Anna B 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Tobacco taxation is only effective in reducing consumption when it is translated into higher prices. This study aims to investigate to what extent the tobacco industry (TI) passes tax increases over to consumers by increasing the retail price of cigarettes in 12 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries.

Methods
African Cigarette Prices Project and WHO’s Global Tobacco Epidemic Reports data were used to calculate the rate of tax pass-through by decomposing the retail price of cigarettes into tax and net prices between 2016 and 2020. Percentage change in net price was used to identify industry pricing behaviour, in both packs and single-stick sales. TI pricing strategies were examined by country, producer type, producers, and cigarette price segment.

Results
There were mixed TI strategies, with taxes primarily overshifted (Botswana, Madagascar, Tanzania, Zimbabwe), undershifted (Ethiopia, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia) or a mix of both (Malawi, Nigeria). The detail varied between countries, over time, and between the different brands/segments offered. Patterns for single-stick sales were broadly similar to that of packs but with some differences observed in particular countries/years. Pricing strategies for the various transnational tobacco companies and domestic producers were similar but the changes in net price for the latter were larger. The country tax level/type and the size of tax change did not seem to be an obvious influence.

Conclusion
This paper provides an overview of TI pricing strategies in response to tax increases in SSA. Governments must monitor how the TI responds to tax changes to ensure that tax increases are effective in impacting price.
Beyond visual-line-of-sight (BVLOS) drone operations for environmental and infrastructure monitoring: a case study in northwestern Canada
Authors: van der Sluijs Jurjen , Saiet Eyal , Bakelaar Carolyn N. , Wentworth Andrew , Fraser Robert H. , Kokelj Steven V. 
Published: August 2023

Aerial drones typically operate over small geographic areas (<5 km2), yet environmental and infrastructure monitoring applications often require the collection of data over larger areas. Challenges to drone deployments in areas with people and frequent air traffic include aviation regulations that require missions to adhere to within-visual-line-of-sight (VLOS) conditions, thereby limiting mission extents. The performance and fuel consumption of longer drone missions could justify investment to advance future beyond-VLOS (BVLOS) data acquisitions. This work summarizes airspace deconfliction techniques that allowed testing of BVLOS capabilities in relatively busy airspace in northwestern Canada. Drone missions were conducted with a Griffon SeaHunter, capturing high-resolution imagery covering more than 550 km2 along 6200 km of flight lines, increasing conventional drone data coverage by two orders of magnitude. BVLOS hourly endurance was nearly double that of light aviation mapping aircraft, providing a suitable range for extended monitoring operations (1000–1200 km). Fuel consumption (L/100 km) also differed substantially; SeaHunter used 9%–16% of the fuel consumed by conventional mapping aircraft (84%–91% savings). Finally, we summarize lessons learned to further stimulate BVLOS adoption internationally. Opportunities will arise as BVLOS drones will increasingly be operated within a global context of transitions toward low-carbon emission economies.
ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНІ СТРАТЕГІЇ У ПРОГРАМІ КОРЕКЦІЇ МІКРОБІОТИ СЛИЗОВОЇ ПІХВИ У ПАЦІЄНТОК З НАДМІРНОЮ МАСОЮ ТІЛА
Authors: Павлушинський Ю. М. , Макарчук О. М. 
Published: August 2023

Мета дослідження – оцінити екосистему слизової піхви та зміна її параметрів при використанні програми регулювання мікробіому у молодих пацієнток з ожирінням та дисбіозом.
Матеріали та методи. Проведено дослідження мікробіому слизової піхви 120 пацієнток віком від 19 до 35 років: 60 жінок із надлишковою масою тіла (перша група) та 30 пацієнток із ожирінням І–ІІ ступеня (друга група). Контрольну групу сформували 30 пацієнток із нормальним індексом маси тіла. Лікування порушень дисбіозу піхви доповнили корекцією метаболічного дисбалансу із використанням дієтичних стратегій та фармакотерапії – аналога глюкагоноподібного пептиду-1 у поєднанні із комплексом омега-3 поліненасичених жирних кислот і комбінованого синбіотика.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Нормоценоз, характерний для пацієнток з нормальним індексом маси тіла у 56,7 % спостережень практично відсутній у випадку ожиріння та складає тільки 8,3 % – у жінок із надмірною масою тіла. У випадку надмірної маси тіла у третині спостережень відмітили домінування неспецифічних вагінітів (31,6 %), тоді як при ожирінні – зростання частки ВВК як моноінфекції (30,0 %), так і поєднання із бактеріальним вагінозом (36,7 %).
Висновки. Зі зміною індексу маси тіла та в міру наростання метаболічних відхилень погіршуються основні параметри екосистеми піхви – із домінуванням неспецифічних вагінітів та поєднання вульвовагінального кандидозу із бактеріальним вагінозом. Моніторинг та оцінка параметрів екосистеми піхви протягом 12 місяців продемонстрували відновлення стану нормоценозу у основній групі до параметрів контролю, а також зниження частки рецидивів – у 2,6 раза.