bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient integrated silicon optical phased array
Authors: Qiu Huaqing , Liu Yong , Meng Xiansong , Guan Xiaowei , Ding Yunhong , Hu Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn optical phased array (OPA) is a promising non-mechanical technique for beam steering in solid-state light detection and ranging systems. The performance of the OPA largely depends on the phase shifter, which affects power consumption, insertion loss, modulation speed, and footprint. However, for a thermo-optic phase shifter, achieving good performance in all aspects is challenging due to trade-offs among these aspects. In this work, we propose and demonstrate two types of energy-efficient optical phase shifters that overcome these trade-offs and achieve a well-balanced performance in all aspects. Additionally, the proposed round-spiral phase shifter is robust in fabrication and fully compatible with deep ultraviolet (DUV) processes, making it an ideal building block for large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Using the high-performance phase shifter, we propose a periodic OPA with low power consumption, whose maximum electric power consumption within the field of view is only 0.33 W. Moreover, we designed Gaussian power distribution in both the azimuthal ($$\varphi$$φ) and polar ($$\theta$$θ) directions and experimentally achieved a large sidelobe suppression ratio of 15.1 and 25 dB, respectively.Graphical Abstract
Microstructure, Corrosion and Electrochemical Properties of Cu/SiC Composites in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution
Authors: Sadawy M. M. , Fayed Saad. M. , Tayea Mahmoud , El-Batanony I. G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the role of SiC as a reinforcement on microstructure, corrosion, and electrochemical properties of Cu/xSiC (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 vol% SiC) composites. The powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate Cu/SiC composite. The distribution of SiC reinforcing particles in the Cu matrix and their interfaces were investigated using optical and SEM/EDS microscopes. The various phases of Cu strengthened with SiC particles were detected using an X-ray diffractometer. The anticorrosion behavior and electrochemical properties of composites were investigated using various electrochemical techniques in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The electrochemical studies showed that the inclusion of SiC particles in the Cu matrix improved the resistance to corrosion. It was found that as the reinforcing particles increased to 20 vol%, the corrosion potential increased from − 240 to − 183 mVAg/AgCl, and the corrosion current density decreased from 5.01 to 0.02 µA cm−2, while the passive current density decreased from 17.58 to 4.74 × 10–4 A cm−2. This behavior resulted from the nucleation and production of a good protective layer. On another side, increasing reinforcing particles over 20 vol%, the corrosion current density increased from 0.05 to 0.63 µA cm−2, while the corrosion potential shifted from − 196 to − 206 mVAg/AgCl.
Graphical Abstract
Stories of Challenge in South Africa: changes in the enabling environment for nutrition among young children (1994–2021)
Authors: Drimie Scott , van den Bold Mara , du Plessis Lisanne , Casu Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite important nutrition-related policy and programmatic improvements in South Africa, rates of stunting among young children remain unacceptably high, while rates of overweight and obesity in this same population group are simultaneously on the rise. This study sought to examine the changes in the enabling environment for nutrition aimed at young children in South Africa by drawing on a literature review, policy mapping, and stakeholder interviews, for the time period from the end of apartheid in 1994 to 2021. The study focuses on changes and drivers of change at national level but also in three provinces: Western Cape, North West, and KwaZulu-Natal. The study ultimately seeks to better understand the changes and challenges with regards to policy and commitment to nutrition, coordination structures at various levels, and how these led to or did not lead to implementation and impact in these provinces. The study ends with reflections on what these findings mean for food and nutrition security in South Africa going forward, as well as what they might mean for other countries with similar contexts.
Radiation Management for Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Facer Benjin D , Wang Ton , Weed Christina , Pariser Ashley , Cherian Mathew , Johnson Kai C , Quiroga Dionisia , Stover Daniel , Obeng-Gyasi Samilia , Agnese Doreen , Oppong Bridget A , Goyal Sharad , Andraos Therese , Beyer Sasha , Jhawar Sachin R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) utilization is an important part of breast cancer therapy. Recent advances call into question the optimal role of radiotherapy after NAC, as many radiation studies were performed without NAC. This review was conducted to understand the current data, outstanding questions and ongoing trials related to radiotherapy after NAC.

Recent Findings
Response to NAC is associated with promising clinical outcomes, particularly in triple-negative and HER2+ breast cancer. Retrospective data suggest that modification of radiotherapy based on tumor response to NAC may be appropriate, though caution is advised without prospective randomized evidence. NSABP B-51 and Alliance A011202 will investigate the management of nodal disease in this setting. Future trials will examine the optimal sequencing of treatments.

Summary
The personalization of adjuvant radiotherapy based on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an attractive goal that is currently being evaluated in multiple clinical trials, including NSABP B-51.
Psychological Safety for Mental Health in Elite Sport: A Theoretically Informed Model
Authors: Walton Courtney C. , Purcell Rosemary , Pilkington Vita , Hall Kate , Kenttä Göran , Vella Stewart , Rice Simon M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElite sports contexts are highly pressurised and frequently enforce a win-at-all-costs approach. This narrow focus on performance outcomes can potentially contribute in negative ways to the mental health of those within these environments. In this Current Opinion paper, we propose a model that outlines how key elements contributing to psychologically safe or unsafe environments may contribute to better or worse mental health outcomes, respectively. In an environment in which individuals feel safe to show their authentic selves rather than ‘wear a mask’, different experiences of mental health are likely to be normalised, help-seeking behaviour increased, and thus, mental health outcomes enhanced. We outline how sports teams and organisations can contribute to this through the creation of appropriate policies and procedures, in addition to leaders modelling and reinforcing positive cultural norms. It is intended that the theoretical model can inform stakeholders in elite sport as well as future research directions.
Spirituality and heart failure: a systematic review
Authors: Cilona Laura , Veronese Nicola , Lalicata Diego , Tantillo Francesca , Naro Liliana , Dominguez Ligia J. , Barbagallo Mario 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Heart failure (HF) is a frequent chronic disease with disturbing symptoms and complex treatments, associated with depression and lower quality of life. Some studies have shown that spirituality and religiosity may be relevant in these patients. We aimed to systematically review the medical literature on spirituality and religiosity in patients with HF.

Methods
Major databases for studies investigating the effect of spirituality and religiosity in people affected by HF were searched from inception until 26th April 2023. Studies with clear definition of spirituality or religiosity, validated diagnosis of HF, and reporting outcomes of interest (i.e., incidence of mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life) were included.

Results
Among 810 non-duplicate records, we screened the full texts of 25 works. After excluding 18 studies, we included 7 studies (3 observational and 4 interventional) comprising 1234 HF patients followed up over a median of 3 months. Definitions of spirituality and religiosity were heterogeneous among the studies. The intervention studies showed improvements in quality-of-life parameters, some cardiovascular outcomes, or mortality, and the observational studies showed significant associations with these outcomes.

Conclusions
Despite the extreme heterogeneity of the populations included, of the definition of spirituality and religiosity, and of the interventions in the few studies that included it, all the studies reported some positive associations with the outcomes examined. Spirituality/religiosity is an aspect not generally taken into account in the usual practice of medicine and can potentially contribute to improving the conditions of patients with HF, a chronic disease with unfavorable prognosis.
A coupled fluid-mechanical interaction model for controlled gas migration mechanism by dilatancy effect in saturated bentonite
Authors: Guo Jingna , Zhang Qi , Chen Liang , Cao Shengfei , Xie Jingli , Li Qiang , Chen Zhanqing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA gas breakthrough in saturated bentonite is relevant to the safety of high-level radioactive waste repositories. The study of gas transport mechanisms in saturated bentonite is very important for the safety assessment of repositories. This paper proposed a coupled fluid-mechanical interaction model for predicting and simulating the path of gas transport and gas breakthrough in saturated Gaomiaozi bentonite. The model considered the effect of deformation and damage of bentonite on its permeability and introduced pore pressure into the deformation equation of bentonite. The damage coefficient was also introduced into the permeability evolution equation by combining the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, the maximum tensile stress criterion and the damage evolution. In addition, considering the heterogeneity of the soil, the Weibull distribution function was introduced to assign differential values to material parameters of the cells in the model. The numerical simulation of the bentonite stress field and seepage field was realized by the joint MATLAB and COMSOL secondary development, and the evolution law of the pore path in bentonite was explored under a flexible boundary. The gas breakthrough pressure and permeability pressures were calculated at various gas injection from a gas injection experiment into bentonite with flexible boundaries. Finally, the rationality and applicability of the model were verified by comparing the numerically calculated gas breakthrough pressure and permeability with experimental values.
Informality in Zimbabwe’s Urban Areas and the Resilience of Indigenous Solutions to Risk During the Pandemic
Authors: Masuku Sikanyiso , Benhura Abigail , Gronbach Lena 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study examined the role of networks and reciprocated assistance in curtailing the risk arising from an absence of centralised social protection programmes. Given how non-state interventions constitute a key part of the endogenous networks to social risk reduction, we also explored how the knowledge of exogenous emergency relief is localised and utilised. In examining these issues, in-depth interviews were done with a purposively selected sample of informal workers, their representative associations, and development partners. Amongst other factors, the findings showed that (i) informal mutual assistance networks are more adaptive, responsive, and inclusive and thus more preferred over exogenous relief — with complementarity between the two being low (ii) ex-post bereavement mutual assistance networks have stronger ties with a more versatile, knowledge sharing–centred utility that transcends the circulation/sharing of cash, food, and credit. The findings contribute to the scholarship on social welfare rights and networks in the context of reciprocated assistance and emergency relief.
Effective utilization of cashew nut shell pyro oil blended with optimum amount of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles in DI engine
Authors: Kuppusamy Venkatesan , Venkatesan Harish , Jayaraman Kuberan , Buragadda Kiran Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present research activity's major objective is to improve the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines that burn pyro oil and cashew nut shell nanoparticles. This work identifies the nanoparticles that should be added to cashew nut shell pyro oil to allow it to be utilized efficiently in compression ignition engines. In this experiment, the two nanoparticles, Al2O3 and TiO2, were mixed with cashew nut shell pyro oil. For testing purposes, nanoparticles were combined with cashew nut shell pyro oil at various concentrations, including 150 and 200 ppm. The criterion for picking the best combination was stability. To improve the optimal performance of the nanoparticle-blended oil, the cashew nut shell pyro oil was emulsified. The nanoparticles, which also act as an enhancing agent, speed up the combustion process. The combination of pyro oil, cashew nut shell emulsion, and nanoparticles improved performance and reduced emissions. The brake thermal efficiency values for 200 ppm Al2O3 and TiO2 mixed emulsified cashew nut shell pyro oil were 29.6% and 29.4%, respectively, whereas the values for diesel and cashew nut shell pyro oil were 31.6% and 29.8%. When comparing cashew nut shell pyro oil to oil with 200 ppm Al2O3 and TiO2, the smoke value was found to be reduced by 58.8% and 56.7%, respectively. It was discovered that cashew nutshell pyro oil with 200 ppm Al2O3 and TiO2 had 35.3% and 34.96% reduced hydrocarbon emissions respectively.
Effects of Potassium and Nanocapsule of Potassium on Pepper Growth and Physiological Changes in High-Temperature Stress
Authors: Halaji Bhnaz , Haghighi Maryam , Amiri Azam , Kappel Noémi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAbiotic stresses have been observed to cause alterations in the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of plants. However, in recent years, the utilization of nanocompounds has emerged as a strategy to induce modifications in multiple facets of plant biology. These modifications include plant growth, nutrient absorption, the production of significant secondary metabolites, and the improvement of plants’ resistance against both abiotic and biotic stress factors. A completely randomized factorial experiment with 12 replications was created. Potassium sources including control, potassium (K), and nanocapsule-potassium (N-K) with concentration 1 µM and temperature treatments including control temperature (25 °C) and high-temperature stress (35 °C) were applied as treatments. In the control treatment, proline was increased at the high temperature, whereas proline was reduced at both treated temperatures by K and N-K. High temperature raised electrolyte leakage (EL), which peaked in the control treatment but was lowered by K and N-K. Temperature-dependent increase in glucose and fructose was observed in control and K treatments when the temperature was 35 °C, but no significant difference was observed between different levels of K at 35 °C. When K was not applied at high temperatures, the main stress indicators such as antioxidant activity (DPPH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) rose significantly, as did the water potential and linoleic acid. When high temperatures were applied, nanocapsule-potassium applied in high temperatures had the lowest stress indices. In conclusion, stress indices diminish when nanocapsule-potassium is applied under high temperatures. Additionally, nanocapsule-potassium applied at high temperatures was preferable to K applied at high temperatures in terms of pepper growth and resistance measures. Likewise, the application of nanocapsule-potassium at high temperatures alters the fatty acid composition of membranes and antioxidant enzymes.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Epigenomes Exhibit Altered DNA Methylation in Smokers and Never-Smokers
Authors: Karlow Jennifer A. , Pehrsson Erica C. , Xing Xiaoyun , Watson Mark , Devarakonda Siddhartha , Govindan Ramaswamy , Wang Ting 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are widespread in cancer and can complement genetic alterations to influence cancer progression and treatment outcome. To determine the potential contribution of DNA methylation alterations to tumor phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in both smoker and never-smoker patients, we performed genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in 17 primary NSCLC tumors and 10 matched normal lung samples using the complementary assays, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and methylation sensitive restriction enzyme sequencing (MRE-seq). We reported recurrent methylation changes in the promoters of several genes, many previously implicated in cancer, including FAM83A and SEPT9 (hypomethylation), as well as PCDH7, NKX2-1, and SOX17 (hypermethylation). Although many methylation changes between tumors and their paired normal samples were shared across patients, several were specific to a particular smoking status. For example, never-smokers displayed a greater proportion of hypomethylated differentially methylated regions (hypoDMRs) and a greater number of recurrently hypomethylated promoters, including those of ASPSCR1, TOP2A, DPP9, and USP39, all previously linked to cancer. Changes outside of promoters were also widespread and often recurrent, particularly methylation loss over repetitive elements, highly enriched for ERV1 subfamilies. Recurrent hypoDMRs were enriched for several transcription factor binding motifs, often for genes involved in signaling and cell proliferation. For example, 71% of recurrent promoter hypoDMRs contained a motif for NKX2-1. Finally, the majority of DMRs were located within an active chromatin state in tissues profiled using the Roadmap Epigenomics data, suggesting that methylation changes may contribute to altered regulatory programs through the adaptation of cell type-specific expression programs.
The Oklahoma Public Archaeology Network (OKPAN)
Authors: Pitblado Bonnie L. , Cooley Delaney , Deere Bobi , Dudley Meghan , McLeod Allison , Moore Kaylyn , Palacios Horvey 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTAs the venues for professional training and education, universities have always shaped the future of the archaeological discipline—for better but also, in important ways, for worse. Historically, university structures promoted practitioner homogeneity and social inequity and, at the largest research-intensive universities, even managed to turn “service” into a dirty word. However, using the same structures that perpetuated damaging practices in the past, universities can just as readily transform archaeology into the inclusive, community-engaged discipline it should always have been—while serving communities in ways that matter to them. This article explains and illustrates how and why we have tried to do this through the founding and operation of the Oklahoma Public Archaeology Network (OKPAN) at the University of Oklahoma. OKPAN seeks to improve relationships among diverse Oklahoma communities by framing archaeology as a tool that that can serve communities’ interests while creating pathways within universities for members of historically excluded groups to join and help further transform the discipline.
Normative Inference Tickets
Authors: Foster Jen , Ichikawa Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe argue that stereotypes associated with concepts likehe-said–she-said,conspiracy theory,sexual harassment, and those expressed by paradigmatic slurs provide “normative inference tickets”: conceptual permissions to automatic, largely unreflective normative conclusions. These “mental shortcuts” are underwritten by associated stereotypes. Because stereotypes admit of exceptions, normative inference tickets are highly flexible and productive, but also liable to create serious epistemic and moral harms. Epistemically, many are unreliable, yielding false beliefs which resist counterexample; morally, many perpetuate bigotry and oppression. Still, some normative inference tickets, like some activated bysexual harassment, constitute genuine moral and hermeneutical advances. For example, our framework helps explain Miranda Fricker's notion of “hermeneutical lacunae”: what early victims of “sexual harassment” – as well as their harassers – lacked before the term was coined was a communal normative inference ticket – one that could take us, collectively, from “this is happening” to “this is wrong.”
Management and publication of scientific data on traditional mycological and lichenological knowledge in Africa
Authors: Kinge Tonjock Rosemary , Jefwa Joyce Mnyazi , Houdanon Roël D. , Kamalebo Héritier Milenge , Abdel-Azeem Ahmed M. , Gryzenhout Marieka , Triebel Dagmar , Weibulat Tanja , Rambold Gerhard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAfrica is an important global reservoir for biological, cultural and traditional knowledge about fungi and lichens, which are used as food, medicine and in mythology, among other things. African human populations are undergoing highly significant changes and adaptation processes, which are accompanied by rapid urbanization, meeting with western civilization, high rural migration and the loss of natural ecosystems. Indigenous knowledge is being lost, including that concerning fungi and lichens. Ethnomycology and ethnolichenology provide a diversity of knowledge about beneficial and poisonous fungi and lichens, and give insights into their sociological impact on human behaviour and use. Here we present a working and publishing environment established with the Diversity Workbench software in line with national and international initiatives for FAIR guided provision of research data. The database application called ‘EthnoMycAfrica’ contains published ethnomycological and ethnolichenological information from Africa. The content is created and curated by team partners from Central, East, West, North and Southern Africa. Data entry is performed both online and offline, optionally via a mobile device. Currently, the system with the tools DiversityDescriptions and DiversityNaviKey contains a total of 1350 well-structured and freely and openly accessible data records. EthnoMycAfrica is the first database with a data schema, standard descriptors and data content created mainly by African scholars. The data can be useful for researchers, students, conservationists, policy makers, and others. It will also provide a basis for facilitating hypothesis generation and meta-analysis.