bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pauli-Villars’ regularization of ghosts in path-integral string formulation
Authors: Makeenko Yuri 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
I consider Pauli-Villars’ regulators for the ghosts in the path-integral string formulation and show how they preserve conformal invariance. I calculate the regulator contributions to the effective action and to the central charge and demonstrate the consistency of the mean-field quantization of the Nambu-Goto string in 2 < d 26. The higher-derivative corrections to the Liouville action are briefly considered for the Pauli-Villars and proper-time regularizations.
From Unrolled Geometry to Complex Shapes in Equilibrium
Authors: Capone Mara , Nome Carlos Alejandro , Cicala Angela , de Queiroz Nome Natália 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDevelopable Surfaces can be manufactured starting from the unrolled geometry without tearing or stretching. You can use different materials, but you must apply forces to turn the 2D planar shape into the 3D design structure. Our main goal is to define a computational model to simulate and control this process.
A discrete SIS-model built on the strictly positive scheme
Authors: Choiński Marcin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we introduce and analyze a discrete SIS epidemic model for a homogeneous population. As a discretization method the strictly positive scheme was chosen. The presented model is built from its continuous counterpart known from literature. We firstly present basic properties of the system. Later we discuss local stability of stationary states and global stability for the disease-free stationary state. The results for this state are expressed with the use of the basic reproduction number. The main conclusion from our work is that conditions for stability of the stationary states do not depend on the step size of the discretization method. This fact stays in contrary to other discrete models analyzed in our previous papers. Theoretical results are accomplished with numerical simulations.
Micromachining using the high energy flat-top beam of a femtosecond pulse UV laser system: micropillar prefabrication
Authors: Szabó Péter Imre , Ugi Dávid , Gilicze Barnabás , Dankházi Zoltán , Lipcsei Sándor , Homik Zsolt , Tóth Zsolt 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAblation with ultrashort laser pulses as a surface micromachining tool was studied using a hybrid die-excimer laser system that has high energy per laser pulse (tens of mJ’s), about 600 fs pulse duration and low repetition rate (2 Hz). The effect of ablation on the material microstructure with this high energy pulsed laser system was studied. Micropillars were fabricated by laser ablation using a spot size of hundreds of micrometers. Two methods were tested for micromachining. Multiple laser pulse ablation on a standing sample resulted in a columnar microscturcure around the micropillars. This unwanted structure was avoided by beam scanning, resulting in a rather homogeneous ditch. By HR-EBSD measurement it was found that the heat affected zone is less than 1 $$\mu \textrm{m}$$

μ
m

, which was confirmed by numerical temperature simulations, too. The dislocation density measured below the specimen surface was unaltered, meaning that no significant crystal degradation occurred. In summary, large-scale micro objects with a diameter in the order of $$100~\mu \textrm{m}$$

100

μ
m

without significant change in the crystalline microstructure below the surface, like large-scale micropillars for compression tests, can be fabricated.
Seedless fruit in Annona squamosa L. is monogenic and conferred by INO locus deletion in multiple accessions
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno Rafael Alves , Gasser Charles S. , Pimenta Samy , Pereira Marlon Cristian Toledo , Nietsche Silvia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Key message
Inheritance of the presence/absence of seeds in Annona squamosa is mediated by a single fully recessive gene and is caused by a deletion of the INNER NO OUTER (INO) locus.

Abstract
For some fruits, seedless varieties are desirable for consumption and processing. In the sugar apple tree (Annona squamosa L.), the seedless trait in the Thai seedless (Ts) and Brazilian seedless (Bs) accessions was associated with defective ovules and an apparent deletion of the INNER NO OUTER (INO) ovule development gene locus. Segregation analysis of F2 and backcross descendants of crosses of Bs to fertile wild-type varieties in this species with a multi-year generation time showed that seedlessness was recessive and controlled by a single locus. Comparison of whole genome sequence of a wild-type plant and a third accession, Hawaiian seedless (Hs), identified a 16 kilobase deletion including INO in this line. Ts and Bs lines were shown to have an identical deletion, indicating a common origin from a single deletion event. Analysis of microsatellite markers could not preclude the possibility that all three seedless accessions are vegetatively propagated clones. The sequence of the deletion site enabled a codominant assay for the wild-type and mutant genes allowing observation of complete cosegregation of the seedless/defective ovule phenotype with the INO deletion, showing maximal separation of less than 3.5 cM. The observed deletion is the only significant difference between the wild-type and Hs line over 587 kilobases, likely encompassing much more than 3.5 cM, showing that the deletion is the cause of seedless trait. The codominant markers and obtained progenies will be useful for introgression of the seedless trait into elite sugar apple lines and into other Annonas through interspecific crossings.
Direct observation of epoxy resin blocks for renal biopsy by low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Tojo Akihiro , Abe Makoto , Matsuyama Kin-ichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo improve the resolution of low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM), the epoxy resin block for the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was observed directly with LVSEM. After observing ultrathin sections from renal biopsies of IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy (DM), thin basement membrane disease (TBMD), Alport’s syndrome, Fabry’s disease, and renal amyloidosis, the epoxy resin blocks of the same sites were observed by LVSEM and compared. The LVSEM image of the epoxy resin block corresponds to the negative of the TEM image, and when the gradation is reversed, the LVSEM image was comparable to the TEM image. At a low magnification of 100 ×, the entire specimen, including the glomerulus, was obtained. LVSEM at 5000 × magnification was sufficient to identify paramesangial deposits in IgA nephropathy and subepithelial electron-dense deposits (EDD) and spikes in membranous nephropathy. Glomerular basement membrane thickening in DM and thinning in TBMD could be sufficiently diagnosed with LVSEM at 6000 ×. Accumulation of ceramide in Fabry's disease was easily identified, but amyloid fibril could not be identified by LVSEM. LVSEM of renal biopsy epoxy resin blocks can replace TEM up to moderate magnification.
Strongly Base-Two Groups
Authors: Burness Timothy C. , Guralnick Robert M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLetGbe a finite group, letHbe a core-free subgroup and letb(G, H) denote the base size for the action ofGonG/H. Let$$\alpha (G)$$α(G)be the number of conjugacy classes of core-free subgroupsHofGwith$$b(G,H) \ge 3$$b(G,H)≥3. We say thatGis a strongly base-two group if$$\alpha (G) \le 1$$α(G)≤1, which means that almost every faithful transitive permutation representation ofGhas base size 2. In this paper, we study the strongly base-two finite groups with trivial Frattini subgroup.
Effects of personalized movement models in virtual reality on pain expectancy and motor behavior in patients with chronic back pain: a feasibility study
Authors: Kammler-Sücker Kornelius Immanuel , Löffler Annette , Flor Herta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of chronic pain focuses on behavioral, cognitive, affective and social factors that play a role in the transition from acute to chronic pain, which often is initially caused by a specific event but then takes on “a life of its own”. CBT models assume that fear of pain and subsequent avoidance behavior contribute to pain chronicity and the maintenance of chronic pain. In chronic back pain (CBP), avoidance is often addressed by teaching patients to reduce pain behaviors (such as guarding and bracing that may become dysfunctional over time) and increase healthy behaviors (such as physical exercise and meaningful social activities). The current study explored if personalized virtual movement models (doppelganger avatars), who maximize model-observer similarity in virtual reality (VR), can influence fear of pain, motor avoidance and movement-related pain and function. In a randomized controlled trial, participants with CBP observed and imitated an avatar (AVA, N = 17) or a videotaped model (VID, N = 16) over three sessions, where moving a beverage crate, bending sideward (BS), and rotation in the horizontal plane (RH) were shown. Self-reported pain expectancy, as well as engagement, functional capacity and pain during movements, were analyzed along with range of motion (ROM). The AVA group reported higher engagement with no significant group differences observed in ROM. Pain expectancy increased in AVA but not VID over the sessions. Pain and limitations did not significantly differ. However, we observed a significant moderation effect of group, with prior pain expectancy predicting pain and avoidance in the VID but not in the AVA group. This can be interpreted as an effect of personalized movement models decoupling pain behavior from movement-related fear and pain expectancy. Thus, personalized virtual movement models may provide an additional tool for exposure and exercise treatments in cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches to CBP.
A user-based information rating scale to evaluate the design of technology-based supports for autism
Authors: Zervogianni Vanessa , Fletcher-Watson Sue , Herrera Gerardo , Goodwin Matthew S. , Triquell Elise , Pérez-Fuster Patricia , Brosnan Mark , Grynszpan Ouriel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to merge expertise from evidence-based practice and user-centered design to develop a rating scale for considering user input and other sources of information about end-users in studies reporting on the design of technology-based support for autism. We conducted a systematic review of the relevant literature to test the reliability and validity of the scale. The scale demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity based on a randomized sample of 211 studies extracted from the output of the systematic review. The scale can help provide a more complete assessment of the quality of the design process of technology-based supports for autism and be beneficial to autistic people, their families, and related professionals in making informed decisions regarding such supports.
Inequality and the structure of countries’ external liabilities
Authors: Harms Philipp , Hoffmann Mathias , Kohl Miriam , Krahnke Tobias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present empirical evidence that higher income inequality is associated with a greater equity share in countries’ external liabilities, and we develop a theoretical model that can explain this observation: In a small open economy with traded and non-traded goods, entry barriers depress entrepreneurial activity in non-traded industries and raise income inequality. The small number of domestic non-traded goods firms leaves room for foreign firms to operate on the domestic market, and it reduces external borrowing. The model thus suggests that barriers to entrepreneurial activity raise both inequality and the equity share in foreign liabilities. Our empirical results lend some support to this conjecture.
Incubation behaviour of the Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula at different latitudes
Authors: Wanders Kees , Almalki Mohammed , Heggøy Oddvar , Lislevand Terje , McGuigan Chris , Eichhorn Götz , Gabrielsen Geir Wing , Azarov Viktoria , Khasyanova Leylya , Székely Tamás 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn biparentalCharadriinaeplovers, male and female incubation duties often resemble daily routines, with males typically incubating at night and females incubating during the day. By analysing incubation behaviour in three Arctic populations of Common Ringed PloverCharadrius hiaticula, we show that these diel routines are lost in the 24-h sunlight of the Arctic. In contrast, a non-Arctic population in East Scotland exhibited significant daily routines, with males dominating incubation during the late afternoon and night, and females dominating incubation during the early morning and midday hours. These patterns suggest that clear light/dark cycles are necessary for daily incubation routines to form in the Common Ringed Plover, although further research is needed to understand the specific drivers of this behaviour.
Family care during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: longitudinal evidence on consequences for the well-being of caregivers
Authors: Möhring Katja , Zinn Sabine , Ehrlich Ulrike 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine changes in the well-being of family caregivers during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the SOEP-CoV study. The COVID-19 pandemic posed an extraordinary challenge for family caregivers, as care recipients are a high-risk group requiring special protection, and professional care services were severely cut back. The specific situation of the COVID-19 pandemic allows us to re-examine the caregiver stress process model. Using first difference regression models, we analyse changes in general life satisfaction and depressive symptoms (PHQ-4 score) among family caregivers between 2019 and spring 2020, differentiating by care intensity and duration of the care episode. Caregivers show similar changes in well-being as non-caregivers: a simultaneous increase in depressive symptoms and life satisfaction between 2019 and 2020. However, our results reveal heterogeneity within the group of family caregivers as we find differences according to caregiving dynamics and intensity. Among the group of continuing caregivers, high-intensity caregivers experience a larger increase in life satisfaction, and low-intensity caregivers a smaller increase in life satisfaction, compared to non-caregivers. Our results therefore provide some support for the role enhancement hypothesis for continuing caregivers with high time commitment.
Poriferans rift apart: molecular demosponge biodiversity in Central and French Polynesia and comparison with adjacent marine provinces of the Central Indo-Pacific
Authors: Galitz Adrian , Ekins Merrick , Folcher Eric , Büttner Gabriele , Hall Kathryn , Hooper John N. A. , Reddy Maggie M. , Schätzle Simone , Thomas Olivier P. , Wörheide Gert , Petek Sylvain , Debitus Cécile , Erpenbeck Dirk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe distribution of marine sponges in the tropical Southwest Pacific Ocean is largely unexplored despite the vital ecological role of sponges in coral reefs and their value as sources of metabolites for drug design. Several collection campaigns to the French Polynesian archipelagos (Society, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Gambier, and Austral) were conducted to assess the bio- and chemodiversity of the island groups. In the course of these scientific expeditions, more than 200 identified sponge specimens were acquired, for which we were able to assign 102 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs). Based on these MOTUs, we assessed, in the largest analysis of its kind for this area to date, the sponge composition and faunistic overlaps of the marine province Southeast Polynesia with Marquesas and Central Polynesia. We also compared the sponge fauna of these Eastern Indo-Pacific provinces with marine provinces of the adjacent Central Indo-Pacific realm. Our findings corroborate that sponge faunal similarity within marine realms is higher than among realms, and follows the marine barriers to gene flow observed for other taxa. We detected high levels of provincial endemism for marine sponges, consistent with findings from other Indo-Pacific regions. At the level of province, geographical distance and ocean surface currents influence faunal similarity, and constitute the primary factors for the connectivity of sponge faunas between the disjunct and remote island groups in the tropical Southwest Pacific Ocean.
Water-soluble quaternized copolymers as eco-friendly cationic modifiers of cotton fabrics for salt-free reactive dyeing applications
Authors: Tsimpouki Loukia , Papapetros Konstantinos , Anastasopoulos Charalampos , Sygellou Labrini , Soto-Beobide Amaia , Andrikopoulos Konstantinos S. , Voyiatzis George A. , Bokias Georgios , Kallitsis Joannis K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe modification of cotton fabrics with water-soluble cationic copolymers for salt-free dyeing applications with reactive dyes is explored in the present work. To this end, a family of bifunctional water-soluble cationic copolymers was designed through the chemical modification of poly(4-vinyl benzyl chloride), PVBC, with triethylamine, TEAM. These copolymers were applied onto cotton fabrics in aqueous alkaline solutions at moderate temperature (60 °C). The successful cotton modification was verified through the characterization of the modified samples with Raman and XPS spectroscopy. Moreover, a polymer coverage of the fabric of the order of 0.1% (w/w) was estimated following the polymer exhaustion through UV–Vis spectroscopy of the aqueous solutions used for the modification. The modification kinetics were followed through the evolution of the Raman spectra of the modified fabrics, the polymer exhaustion of the aqueous modification solutions and, indirectly, the dye exhaustion of the dyebaths using a reactive dye, namely Novacron Ruby S-3B. All techniques claim that fabric modification is practically accomplished within the first 1–2 h. The double functionality of the copolymers was explored through the XPS study of the modified fabrics, revealing that both electrostatic binding and covalent bonding of the cationic copolymers with the anionic surface of the fabric are expected to take place. As an important consequence, the polymer-modified fabrics are strongly dyed under eco-friendlier conditions, namely in salt-free alkaline solutions at room temperature, in contrast to the barely dyed unmodified fabric.
Graphical abstract
Should researchers make causal inferences and recommendations for practice on the basis of nonexperimental studies?
Authors: Grosz Michael P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecommendations for practice have become increasingly common in educational psychology articles in recent decades, according to a review by Brady et al. (2023). At the same time, the proportion of experimental studies has decreased. This led Brady et al. to warn against under-supported recommendations for practice. Researchers who read their article might get the impression that evidence from experimental studies is the only acceptable basis for practice recommendations. In the current commentary, I argue that both experimental and nonexperimental designs can inform us to some degree about cause-effect relationships, and that even studies that hardly inform us about causal effects can have practical implications. Thus, in order to enhance the transfer from research to practice, I recommend that educational researchers talk about practical implications in their articles regardless of the design and analysis they used. At the same time, researchers should clearly and transparently communicate the limitations and assumptions of their findings and how they affect the practical implications. Equipping educators, teachers, and policy makers with this information would enable them to make decisions in line with scientific evidence.
The probabilistic termination tool amber
Authors: Moosbrugger Marcel , Bartocci Ezio , Katoen Joost-Pieter , Kovács Laura 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe describe the Amber tool for proving and refuting the termination of a class of probabilistic while-programs with polynomial arithmetic, in a fully automated manner. Amber combines martingale theory with properties of asymptotic bounding functions and implements relaxed versions of existing probabilistic termination proof rules to prove/disprove (positive) almost sure termination of probabilistic loops. Amber supports programs parametrized by symbolic constants and drawing from common probability distributions. Our experimental comparisons give practical evidence of Amber outperforming existing state-of-the-art tools.
Social science goes quantum: explaining human decision-making, cognitive biases and Darwinian selection from a quantum perspective
Authors: Holtfort Thomas , Horsch Andreas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe social and economic sciences are grounded on the basic assumption that social life, decision-making behavior, and consciousness are classical physical and therefore material phenomena. Quantum social science, a new research area, which refers to the knowledge and interpretations of quantum physics, is challenging this assumption. This paper gives an overview of quantum social science and explains quantum decision theory on the one hand with a focus on the cognitive biases first elaborated by Kahneman & Tversky, and on the other hand by Darwin´s theory of evolution.
The Interplay Between Anxiety and Avoidance Dimensions of Attachment to Chinese Fathers in Internalizing Problem Behavior among Early Adolescents: An Intercultural Investigation
Authors: Ma Chunhua , Ma Yongfeng , Lan Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGuided by the attachment theory, this study investigated the interplay between anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment to Chinese fathers in early adolescents’ internalizing problem behavior. This study further examined whether this association might exhibit an intercultural difference between the Han and Dong-Xiang ethnic groups. A total of 1019 adolescents between 10 and 15 years old (Mage = 12.66,SD = 1.51; 52.8% girls) participated in this study. Participants were uniformly instructed to complete a packet of well-established questionnaires written in simplified Chinese. Based on a hierarchical linear regression, interactive patterns of anxiety and avoidance exhibited an intercultural difference: adolescents with a fearful attachment style reported the highest levels of internalizing problem behavior among the Han, whereas adolescents with a preoccupied attachment style did so among the Dong-Xiang. Through these results, the current study highlights the vital role of attachment to fathers in early adolescents’ internalizing problem behavior and emphasizes the interactive patterns between anxiety and avoidance in interpreting the variance of internalizing problem behavior. Further, the results not only have important theoretical implications for the discussion of attachment as a universal or cultural phenomenon, but also highlight practical ways to mitigate early adolescents’ internalizing problem behavior.