bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yolk–Shell Structured ST@Al2O3 Enables Functional PE Separator with Enhanced Lewis Acid Sites for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Taotao , Tang Wenhao , Lv Junwen , Deng Yirui , Liu Qiang , Zhang Lei , Liu Ruiping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCommercial polymer separators usually have limited porosity, poor electrolyte wettability, and poor thermal and mechanical stability, which can deteriorate the performance of battery, especially at high current densities. In this work, a functional polyethylene (PE) separator is prepared by surface engineering a layer of Ti‐doped SiO2@Al2O3 particles (denoted as ST@Al2O3‐PE) with strong Lewis acid property and uniform porous structure on one side of the PE separator. On the other hand, ST@Al2O3 particles with abundant pore structures and large cavities can store a large amount of electrolyte, providing a shortened pathway for lithium‐ion transport, and the Lewis acid sites and porous structure of the ST@Al2O3 can tune Li plating/stripping behavior and stabilize the lithium metal anode. The ST@Al2O3‐PE separators exhibit better ionic conductivity (5.55 mS cm−1) and larger lithium‐ion transference number (0.62). At a current density of 1 mA cm−2, Li/Li symmetric cells with ST@Al2O3‐PE separator can be stably cycled for more than 400 h, and both lithium iron phosphate /Li cells and lithium cobaltate/Li cells with ST@Al2O3‐PE separator have good cycling and rate performance. This work provides a new strategy for developing functional separators and promoting the application of lithium metal batteries.
Polyoxometalates@Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Bimetallic Co/Mo2C Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon Nanotube‐Interwoven Hierarchically Porous Carbon Polyhedron Composite as a High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Al–S Batteries
Authors: Zhou Qiuping , Zhang Xuecheng , Wu Yuchao , Jiang Xinyuan , Li Tangsuo , Chen Ming , Ni Lubin , Diao Guowang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAl–S battery (ASB) is a promising energy storage device, notable for its safety, crustal abundance, and high theoretical energy density. However, its development faces challenges due to slow reaction kinetics and poor reversibility. The creation of a multifunctional cathode material that can both adsorb polysulfides and accelerate their conversion is key to advancing ASB. Herein, a composite composed of polyoxometalate nanohybridization‐derived Mo2C and N‐doped carbon nanotube‐interwoven polyhedrons (Co/Mo2C@NCNHP) is proposed for the first time as an electrochemical catalyst in the sulfur cathode. This composite improves the utilization and conductivity of sulfur within the cathode. DFT calculations and experimental results indicate that Co enables the chemisorption of polysulfides while Mo2C catalyzes the reduction reaction of long‐chain polysulfides. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ UV analysis reveal the different intermediates of Al polysulfide species in Co/Mo2C@NCNHP during discharging/charging. As a cathode material for ASB, Co/Mo2C@NCNHP@S composite can deliver a discharge‐charge voltage hysteresis of 0.75 V with a specific capacity of 370 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1A g−1.
Genomic prediction of seed nutritional traits in biparental families of oat (Avena sativa)
Authors: Brzozowski Lauren J. , Campbell Malachy T. , Hu Haixiao , Yao Linxing , Caffe Melanie , Gutiérrez Lucı́a , Smith Kevin P. , Sorrells Mark E. , Gore Michael A. , Jannink Jean‐Luc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelection for more nutritious crop plants is an important goal of plant breeding to improve food quality and contribute to human health outcomes. While there are efforts to integrate genomic prediction to accelerate breeding progress, an ongoing challenge is identifying strategies to improve accuracy when predicting within biparental populations in breeding programs. We tested multiple genomic prediction methods for 12 seed fatty acid content traits in oat (Avena sativa L.), as unsaturated fatty acids are a key nutritional trait in oat. Using two well‐characterized oat germplasm panels and other biparental families as training populations, we predicted family mean and individual values within families. Genomic prediction of family mean exceeded a mean accuracy of 0.40 and 0.80 using an unrelated and related germplasm panel, respectively, where the related germplasm panel outperformed prediction based on phenotypic means (0.54). Within family prediction accuracy was more variable: training on the related germplasm had higher accuracy than the unrelated panel (0.14–0.16 and 0.05–0.07, respectively), but variability between families was not easily predicted by parent relatedness, segregation of a locus detected by a genome‐wide association study in the panel, or other characteristics. When using other families as training populations, prediction accuracies were comparable to the related germplasm panel (0.11–0.23), and families that had half‐sib families in the training set had higher prediction accuracy than those that did not. Overall, this work provides an example of genomic prediction of family means and within biparental families for an important nutritional trait and suggests that using related germplasm panels as training populations can be effective.
Exact solution of the quantum integrable model associated with the Motzkin spin chain
Authors: Hao Kun , Salberger Olof , Korepin Vladimir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Motzkin spin chain is a spin-1 frustration-free model introduced by Shor & Movassagh. The ground state is constructed by mapping random walks on the upper half of the square lattice to spin configurations. It has unusually large entanglement entropy [quantum fluctuations]. The ground state of the Motzkin chain can be analytically described by the Motzkin paths. There is no analytical description of the excited states. The model is not solvable. We simplify the model by removing one of the local equivalence moves of the Motzkin paths. The system becomes integrable [similar to the XXX spin chain]. We call it free Motzkin chain. From the point of view of quantum integrability, the model is special since its R-matrix does not have crossing unitarity. We solve the periodic free Motzkin chain by generalizing the functional Bethe Ansatz method. We construct a T − Q relation with an additional parameter to formulate the energy spectrum. This new parameter is related to the roots of unity and can be described by the Möbius function in number theory. We observe further patterns of number theory.
Human Head and Helmet Interface Friction Coefficients with Biological Sex and Hair Property Comparisons
Authors: Stark Nicole E.-P. , Clark Charlotte , Rowson Steve 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDummy headforms used for impact testing have changed little over the years, and frictional characteristics are thought not to represent the human head accurately. The frictional interface between the helmet and head is an essential factor affecting impact response. However, few studies have evaluated the coefficient of friction (COF) between the human head and helmet surface. This study’s objectives were to quantify the human head’s static and dynamic COF and evaluate the effect of biological sex and hair properties. Seventy-four participants slid their heads along a piece of helmet foam backed by a fixed load cell at varying normal force levels. As normal force increased, static and dynamic human head COF decreased following power–law curves. At 80 N, the static COF is 0.32 (95% CI 0.30–0.34), and the dynamic friction coefficient is 0.27 (95% CI 0.26–0.28). Biological sex and hair properties were determined not to affect human head COF. The COFs between the head and helmet surface should be used to develop more biofidelic head impact testing methods, define boundary conditions for computer simulations, and aid decision-making for helmet designs.
Managing logistics in sport: a comprehensive systematic literature review
Authors: Pott Christoph , Spiekermann Christian , Breuer Christoph , ten Hompel Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLogistics and sport management are part of the globalized economy and interdisciplinary fields of science. Sporting events necessitate enormous logistical efforts by aiming to deliver certain tasks and materials at an exact time and a specific place in suitable quantity and quality. However, sport logistics not only is involved in the precise execution of events but deals with a wide range of topics. Sporting goods are transported along the supply chain to customers with economic objectives, stadium evacuation simulations are carried out using algorithms that originate in transportation logistics, and sport clubs are confronted with logistical issues both on their game days and during the rest of the year. A systematic literature review was undertaken to provide clarity regarding previous scientific endeavors and to offer orientation for interested practitioners. The authors propose a theoretical framework—the sport logistics triangle—that draws on the academic disciplines of logistics management and sport management and allows to classify all sport logistics activities. An in-depth categorization scheme and ten topic clusters illustrate how sport logistics has been studied thus far. Implications and research opportunities are elaborated for practitioners and scholars. The survey clearly underlines both the importance of sport logistics and its neglection in academics.
Teaching and learning of probability
Authors: Batanero Carmen , Álvarez-Arroyo Rocío 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a personal synthesis of the most outstanding research on the teaching and learning of probability in the past years. We conducted a systematic search to examine publications on this topic in mathematics education, statistics education, education, and psychology journals. This exploration was complemented by additional studies published in conference proceedings or books. We classified these papers to highlight the main recent research tendencies in the field, according to the theme studied and considering the research objectives. Epistemological analyses suggest that informal inference based on simulation diminishes the topic abstraction but reduces probability to its frequentist view. Topics receiving particular attention include children’s probabilistic knowledge, the effect of visualizations on solving conditional probability problems, teachers’ education and probability modelling. In the final section, we recommend relevant points in which more investigation is needed to complete our knowledge about teaching and learning. In particular, we miss research on teachers’ mathematical knowledge of many probability concepts and on their didactic knowledge.
Survey of farm-gate N and P balances on arable and dairy organic and conventional farms in Sweden—basis for improved management
Authors: Wivstad Maria , Salomon Eva , Spångberg Johanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAbout half of all N and P loads to Swedish waters originate from agriculture and must decrease to reach environmental goals. Studying nutrient management at farm level can provide an understanding of nutrient recycling and the risk of losses. In a survey of organic and conventional dairy and arable farms in three southern counties of Sweden, farm-gate N and P balances and N use efficiency (NUE) were analysed. Crop distribution differed significantly between organic and conventional farms, with organic dairy farms having higher proportions of ley and pulse crops and organic arable farms having a much higher proportion of N-fixing crops than corresponding conventional farms. Conventional dairy and arable farms had on average 70% and 40% higher N surplus than corresponding organic farms. Farm-gate P surplus was larger on conventional dairy farms and much larger on organic arable farms, mainly due to purchase of P-rich organic fertilisers. Organic dairy farms had higher NUE than corresponding conventional farms, but the opposite was true for arable farms. However, in the southernmost county Skåne, where soil fertility and yield potential are high, NUE was similar on all arable farms. Total inputs of N and P were positively correlated with N and P surpluses, especially on dairy farms. Improved manure and crop residue management, reduced use of purchased mineral N fertilisers coupled to more uniform within-farm distribution of manure, use of catch crops, intercropping and organic fertilisers with appropriate N:P ratio are measures that can reduce farm nutrient surpluses and improve nutrient management on both organic and conventional farms.
“Teach Your Classmates About the Behavior of Water with School-Level Science Models”: An Experience in Initial Preschool Teacher Education
Authors: Cruz-Guzmán Marta , García-Carmona Antonio , Criado Ana María 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProspective preschool teachers (PPTs) need to have learning experiences with the practice of scientific modelling to be able to design appropriate lessons as teachers. In the literature on research in science education, scarce experiences of PPTs in scientific modelling can be found. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap about PPTs’ representations of water and its states by means of models. To this end, an analysis is made of the models designed by PPTs and the difficulties they found in such a design process. The participants were 47 PPTs, working in groups of 2 or 3, forming 19 groups in total. The data source for analysis was the report written by each group. The oral presentation of these reports in class also served to clarify any doubts about the models elaborated by the PPTs. The models were analysed and categorized using qualitative content analysis methods, by combining inter- and intra-rater evaluation strategies. The results reveal that PPTs in general used a variety of resources to make models about the water molecule. Nonetheless, they found it harder to model the differences between the three aggregation states of water from a molecular perspective. The PPTs also acknowledged having had difficulties, such as when choosing and handling the materials they used to create the models or when thinking how to adapt them for the explanations to their peers. It is concluded with a discussion and implications of this study towards the PPTs’ training in scientific modelling and its didactics.
A methodology to determine the precision uncertainty in gas turbine engine cycle models
Authors: Gurrola Arrieta M. de J. , Botez R. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a methodology to define and quantify the precision uncertainties in aerothermodynamic cycle model comparisons. The total uncertainty depends on biases and random errors commonly found in such comparisons. These biases and random errors are classified and discussed based on observations found in the literature. The biases account for effects such as differences in model inputs, the configurations being simulated, and thermodynamic packages. Random errors consider the effects on the physics modeling and numerical methods used in cycle models. The methodology is applied to a comparison of two cycle models, designated as the model subject to comparison and reference model, respectively. The former is the so-called Aerothermodynamic Generic Cycle Model developed in-house at the Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Control, Avionics and AeroServoElasticity (LARCASE); the latter is an equivalent model programmed in the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS). The proposed methodology is intended to quantify the bias and random errors effects on different cycle parameters of interest, such as thrust, specific fuel consumption, among others. Each bias and random errors are determined by deliberately preventing the effects from other biases and random errors. The methodology presented in this paper can be extended to other cycle model comparisons. Moreover, the uncertainty figures derived in this work are recommended to be used in other model comparisons when no better reference is available.
The risk of psychosis for transgender individuals: a Dutch national cohort study
Authors: Termorshuizen Fabian , de Vries Annelou L.C. , Wiepjes Chantal M. , Selten Jean-Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe stressful minority position of transgender persons may result in a high risk of psychosis. Conflicting data suggest that the observed risk depends on setting of recruitment. We assessed the relative risk of non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) in a large, representative cohort of transgender persons.MethodsThis cohort was composed using: data on legal sex change from the Dutch population registry and data on dispensing of cross-sex hormones (route 1), and a registry of insurance claims from mental health care including persons with a diagnosis of gender identity disorder (DSM-IV) or gender dysphoria (DSM-5) (route 2). They were matched by sex at birth, calendar year and country of birth to controls from the general population. Transgender persons (N = 5564) and controls (N = 27 820), aged 16–60 years at 1 January 2011, were followed until the first insurance claim for NAPD in 2011–2019.ResultsThe incidence rate ratio (IRR) of NAPD for transgender persons selected exclusively through route 1 (N = 3859, IRR = 2.00, 95%-CI 1.52–2.63) was increased, but significantly lower than the IRRs for those selected exclusively through route 2 (N = 694, IRR = 22.15, 95%-CI 13.91–35.28) and for those found by both routes (N = 1011, IRR = 5.17, 95%-CI 3.57–7.49; p value for differences in IRR < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study supports the social defeat-hypothesis of NAPD. The results also show the presence of a substantial number of transgender persons with severe psychiatric problems who have not (yet) taken steps to gender-affirmative care.
Randomised controlled trials of antipsychotics for people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Deb Shoumitro , Roy Meera , Limbu Bharati , Akrout Brizard Basma , Murugan Meena , Roy Ashok , Santambrogio Jacopo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite unclear evidence to support the long-term use of antipsychotics to treat challenging (problem) behaviours in people with autism in the absence of a psychiatric disorder, this practice is common.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving antipsychotics for people with autism of all ages, irrespective of the outcomes assessed. We searched seven databases and hand-searched ten relevant journals. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full papers and extracted data using the Cochrane Handbook template. We conducted meta-analyses of outcomes and the rate of adverse events.ResultsWe included 39 papers based on 21 primary RCTs that recruited 1482 people with autism. No RCT assessed any psychiatric disorder outcome, such as psychoses or bipolar disorder. A meta-analysis of ten placebo-controlled RCTs showed a significantly improved Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Irritability score in the antipsychotic group with an effect size of −6.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) −8.13 to −4.77] (low certainty). Pooled Clinical Global Impression data on 11 placebo-controlled RCTs showed an overall effect size of 0.84 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.21) (moderate certainty). There was a significantly higher risk of overall adverse effects (p = 0.003) and also weight gain (p < 0.00001), sedation (p < 0.00001) and increased appetite (p = 0.001) in the antipsychotic group.ConclusionsThere is some evidence for risperidone and preliminary evidence for aripiprazole to significantly improve scores on some outcome measures among children with autism but not adults or for any other antipsychotics. There is a definite increased risk of antipsychotic-related different adverse effects.
How to present L2 Chinese words effectively for learning: Exploring learning outcomes and learner perceptions
Authors: He Xuehong (Stella) , Loewen Shawn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSecond language (L2) research on input manipulation has focused mainly on increasing the salience of target structures, but presentation formats of L2 input can be another important aspect for manipulation. This study compared the horizontal, vertical, and adjacent formats for presenting the characters, pinyin, and English meaning of L2 Chinese vocabulary, by recruiting 69 English native speakers to study 30 Chinese words in these formats. Learning outcomes were indexed with vocabulary gain scores from pretest to posttest. Learner perceptions of the learning process were recorded with ratings and reasons for preference among these formats. The quantitative results showed the adjacent format generally led to higher gain scores than the other two formats and that L2 proficiency also contributed positively. To learners, the adjacent format was the least preferred, but preference ratings were not associated with gain scores. The qualitative findings suggested format familiarity and layout features as main factors of learner preference.
Off-label psychopharmacological interventions for autism spectrum disorders: strategic pathways for clinicians
Authors: Gupta Nihit , Gupta Mayank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to see a trend upward with a noticeable increase to 1 in 36 children less than 8 years of age in the recent MMWR. There are many factors linked to the substantially increased burden of seeking mental health services, and clinically these individuals are likely to present for impairments associated with co-occurring conditions. The advances in cutting-edge research and the understanding of co-occurring conditions in addition to psychosocial interventions have provided a window of opportunity for psychopharmacological interventions given the limited availability of therapeutics for core symptomatology. The off-label psychopharmacological treatments for these co-occurring conditions are central to clinical practice. However, the scattered evidence remains an impediment for practitioners to systematically utilize these options. The review collates the crucial scientific literature to provide stepwise treatment alternatives for individuals with ASD; with an aim to lead practitioners in making informed and shared decisions. There are many questions about the safety and tolerability of off-label medications; however, it is considered the best practice to utilize the available empirical data in providing psychoeducation for patients, families, and caregivers. The review also covers experimental medications and theoretical underpinnings to enhance further experimental studies. In summary, amidst the growing clinical needs for individuals with ASD and the lack of approved clinical treatments, the review addresses these gaps with a practical guide to appraise the risk and benefits of off-label medications.
The first neotropical ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from the Eocene of Ukraine: finding the first Old World ant nest beetle related to Eohomopterus in the Rovno amber
Authors: KIRICHENKO-BABKO Marina , PERKOVSKY Evgeny E. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe first record of the tribe Paussini Latreille is reported based on a specimen from late Eocene Rovno amber. It is the first known close relative of the genus Eohomopterus (subtribe Carabidomemnina) in the Old World. The recent and Neogene distribution of Eohomopterus is Neotropical, with extant representatives in Ecuador, Brazil and the West Indies, and extinct species in Dominican and Mexican amber. The occurrence of the Neotropical Carabidomemnina in Rovno amber and the presence of the Oriental Protopaussini in Dominican amber are of significant interest as evidence of the probable transarctic migrations of their ant host in the early Eocene.