bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate malignant tumor and benign prostatic hyperplasia microenvironments in black African men: Limited infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK‐cells, and high frequency of CD73+ stromal cells
Authors: Mougola Bissiengou Pélagie , Montcho Comlan Jérôme Gaston , Atsame Ebang Gabrielle , Sylla Niang Maguette , Djoba Siawaya Joel Fleury 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐cancerous immunology has yet to be investigated in the African black population, despite being the dawn of precision medicine.AimHere we investigated the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in black Africans.MethodsThrough immunohistochemistry analysis of prostate cancer and BPH patients' biopsies, we investigated the expression and distribution of CD73, CCD8 T‐lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. In addition, we looked at tumor‐infiltrating features CD8 T‐lymphocytes and natural killer cells.ResultsWe show for the first time in black Africans a high expression of CD73 in epithelial‐stromal cells and virtually no infiltration of CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the tumoral area. In addition, CD73 was seven (7) times more likely to be expressed in prostate cancer stromal tissues than in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (odds ratio = 7.2; χ2 = 21; p < .0001). In addition, PSA concentration was significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in BPH patients (p < .001). Also, the PSA‐based ROC. analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.87 (p < .0001).ConclusionCD73 expression is more likely expressed in prostate cancer stromal tissues than in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues. The features of prostate cancer in Black Africans suggest CD73 expression as a possible target for immunotherapy in this population.
Triglyceride–glucose index, Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers, and dementia in older adults: The MIND‐China study
Authors: Tian Na , Fa Wenxin , Dong Yi , Liu Rui , Liu Cuicui , Liu Keke , Mao Ming , Zhu Min , Liang Xiaoyan , Wang Nan , Ma Yixun , Ngandu Tiia , Launer Lenore J. , Wang Yongxiang , Hou Tingting , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPopulation‐based studies have rarely explored the associations of the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, with dementia and plasma biomarkers for amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurodegeneration.MethodsThis population‐based study included 5199 participants (age ≥ 65 years); of these, plasma Aβ, total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured in 1287 persons. Dementia and subtypes were diagnosed following the international criteria. TyG index was calculated as ln(fasting triglyceride(mg/dL) × fasting glucose[mg/dL]/2). Data were analyzed using logistic and general linear regression models.ResultsDementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) were diagnosed in 301, 195, and 95 individuals, respectively. A high TyG index was significantly associated with increased likelihoods of dementia and AD; the significant association with dementia remained among participants without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. In the biomarker subsample, a high TyG index was correlated with elevated plasma Aβ, but not with total tau or NfL.DiscussionHigh TyG index is associated with dementia, possibly via Aβ pathology.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5‐substituted/unsubstituted triazolothiadiazines as tubulin depolymerizing and vascular disrupting agents with promising antitumor activity
Authors: Huo Xian‐Sen , Tang‐Yang Ji , Zeng Wen‐Bin , Jian Xie‐Er , Ma Xuan‐Xuan , Yue‐Yang Peng , Wen‐Wei You , Zhao Pei‐Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA novel series of 5‐substituted/unsubstituted [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4] thiadiazine compounds has been achieved successfully through chemoselective reduction of the C = N bond, based on our prior work. Initial biological evaluation illustrated that the most active derivative 7j exhibited significant cell growth inhibitory activity toward MCF‐7, A549, HCT116, and A2780 with the IC50 values of 0.75, 0.94, 2.90, and 4.15 μM, respectively. Most importantly, all the representative analogs did not demonstrate obvious cytotoxic activity against the non‐tumoural cell line HEK‐293 (IC50 > 100 μM). The mechanism study revealed that 7j caused the G2/M phase arrest, induced cell apoptosis in HeLa cells in a concentration‐dependent manner, and also showed potent tubulin polymerization inhibitory effect. Meanwhile, 7j exerted significant antivascular activity in the wound‐healing and tube formation assays. These observations indicate that 5‐unsubstituted 6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine scaffold might be considered as a potential lead for antitubulin inhibitors to develop highly efficient anticancer agents with potent selectivity over normal human cells.
Crop‐pollinating Diptera have diverse diets and habitat needs in both larval and adult stages
Authors: Davis Abby E. , Bickel Daniel J. , Saunders Manu E. , Rader Romina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInsects are important pollinators of global food crops and wild plants. The adult and larval diet and habitat needs are well known for many bee taxa, but poorly understood for other pollinating taxa. Non‐bee pollinators often feed on different substrates in their larval and adult life stages, and this diet and habitat diversity has important implications for their conservation and management. We reviewed the global literature on crop pollinating Diptera (the true flies) to identify both larval and adult fly diet and habitat needs. We then assembled the published larval and adult diets and habitat needs of beneficial fly pollinators found globally into a freely accessible database. Of the 405 fly species known to visit global food crops, we found relevant published evidence regarding larval and adult diet and habitat information for 254 species, which inhabited all eight global biogeographic regions. We found the larvae of these species lived in 35 different natural habitats and belong to 10 different feeding guilds. Additionally, differences between adult Diptera sexes also impacted diet needs; females from 14 species across five families fed on protein sources other than pollen to start the reproductive process of oogenesis (egg development) while males of the same species fed exclusively on pollen and nectar. While all adult species fed at least partially on floral nectar and/or pollen, only five species were recorded feeding on pollen and no fly larvae fed on nectar. Of the 242 species of larvae with established diet information, 33% were predators (n = 79) and 30% were detritivores (n = 73). Detritivores were the most generalist taxa and utilized 17 different habitats and 12 different feeding substrates. Of all fly taxa, only 2% belonged to the same feeding guild in both active life stages. Our results show that many floral management schemes may be insufficient to support pollinating Diptera. Pollinator conservation strategies in agroecosystems should consider other non‐floral resources, such as wet organic materials and dung, as habitats for beneficial fly larvae.
Passive monitoring of avian habitat on working lands
Authors: Dixon Adam Patrick , Baker Matthew E. , Ellis Erle C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntensive agricultural landscapes pose a challenge to wildlife managers, policymakers, and landowners hoping to increase the diversity of desired wildlife species, such as grassland birds, which require urgent conservation action. In intensive agricultural landscapes, like those of the Midwestern United States, most land area is privately owned and operated and managed primarily for production. Thus, conducting ecological research in intensive agricultural landscapes requires collaborative approaches aimed at farm owners and operators. Recent advances in acoustic data collection and high‐resolution habitat mapping, including low‐cost acoustic recorders and satellite remote sensing, may be well positioned to address this challenge by enabling expanded assessments and monitoring of wildlife populations and habitats across regions. This study examined fine‐grained habitat characteristics and their relationship with avian biodiversity in intensive agricultural landscapes at 44 agricultural sites across the state of Iowa. Passive acoustic monitoring and manual identification of bird species allowed for measurement of vocalizing bird richness. High‐resolution mapping of noncrop vegetation provided detailed information on small noncrop vegetation habitat complexes within row‐crop agriculture. Measures of image texture provided characterizations of compositional heterogeneity within noncrop vegetation. General linear Poisson modeling demonstrated robust associations between noncrop vegetation and vocalizing bird richness, yet variation in grassland bird richness was not well predicted by noncrop vegetation. Noncrop vegetation texture demonstrated potential as a predictor of vocalizing bird richness, though not better than or when combined with noncrop vegetated area, indicating it may not be an independent measure of habitat quality. Passive acoustic monitoring resulted in useful data at 44 out of 60 originally selected sites, with some lost to failed recorders and/or collaboration issues. Challenges remain in detecting habitat characteristics that promote grassland birds in row crop landscapes. Working toward probabilistic research design across privately owned working landscapes and incorporating more detailed management practice information would improve the transferability of this approach to farmland management and policy.
A pilot randomized trial of self‐compassion writing for young adult women engaged in emotional eating in the context of appearance‐related cyberbullying
Authors: Wang Wenying , Ding Xinfang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a 10‐min self‐compassion writing in alleviating body dissatisfaction, self‐objectification, and emotional eating in young adult women engaged in emotional eating in the context of appearance‐related cyberbullying.MethodA total of 175 Chinese young adult women (Mage = 20.90, SD = 1.65) were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: self‐compassion, distraction, or control group. At baseline, participants completed assessments of trait and state body dissatisfaction, trait self‐objectification, trait self‐compassion, emotional eating, and positive and negative affect. Then they needed to recall an appearance‐related cyberbullying victimization experience, after which state body dissatisfaction, state self‐objectification, and positive and negative affect were measured. After the intervention, participants completed measures of state body dissatisfaction, state self‐objectification, positive and negative affect, state self‐compassion, and a food‐choosing task. At 1‐month follow‐up, participants completed measures of trait body dissatisfaction, trait self‐objectification, trait self‐compassion, and emotional eating.ResultsAt post‐intervention, state body dissatisfaction and negative affect were significantly lower, and positive affect was significantly higher in both the self‐compassion and distraction groups compared to control. State self‐objectification was significantly lower in the self‐compassion group than in the other two groups. At 1‐month follow‐up, the self‐compassion group showed significantly lower levels of body dissatisfaction than the control group.DiscussionThe findings provide initial evidence for the potential of self‐compassion writing in reducing state self‐objectification and state body dissatisfaction in the context of appearance‐related cyberbullying.Public SignificanceAppearance‐related cyberbullying, a common phenomenon in social networking sites, has been documented to associate with appearance‐related concerns and disordered eating in young adult women. However, effective interventions that can reduce these negative associations are scarce. This study preliminarily found that a brief self‐compassion writing could be a potential intervention for reducing state self‐objectification and state body dissatisfaction in young adult women who had suffered appearance‐related cyberbullying.
Time to benefit of heart rate reduction with ivabradine in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Böhm Michael , Abdin Amr , Slawik Jonathan , Mahfoud Felix , Borer Jeffrey , Ford Ian , Swedberg Karl , Tavazzi Luigi , Batailler Cécile , Komajda Michel 
Published: April 2023

AimsIn the SHIFT (Systolic Heart failure treatment with the If inhibitor ivabradine Trial, ISRCTN70429960) study, ivabradine reduced cardiovascular death or heart failure (HF) hospitalizations in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in sinus rhythm and with a heart rate (HR) ≥70 bpm. In this study, we sought to determine the clinical significance of the time durations of HR reduction and the significant treatment effect on outcomes among patients with HFrEF.Methods and resultsThe time to statistically significant reduction of the primary outcome (HF hospitalization and cardiovascular death) and its components, all‐cause death, and HF death, were assessed in a post‐hoc analysis of the SHIFT trial in the overall population (HR ≥70 bpm) and at HR ≥75 bpm, representing the approved label in many countries. Compared to placebo, the primary outcome and HF hospitalizations were significantly reduced at 102 days, while there was no effect on cardiovascular death, all‐cause death, and HF death at HR ≥70 bpm. In the population with a baseline HR ≥75 bpm, a reduction of the primary outcome occurred after 67 days, HF hospitalization after 78 days, cardiovascular death after 169 days, death from HF after 157 days and all‐cause death after 169 days.ConclusionTreatment with ivabradine should not be deferred in patients in sinus rhythm with a HR of ≥70 bpm to reduce the primary outcome and HF hospitalizations, in particular in patients with HR ≥75 bpm. At HR ≥75 bpm, the time to risk reduction was shorter for reduction of hospitalization and mortality outcomes in patients with HFrEF after initiation of guideline‐directed medication, including beta‐blockers at maximally tolerated doses.
An efficient 3D localization algorithm for compensating stratification effect in underwater acoustic sensor network
Authors: Yadav Nishi , Khilar Pabitra Mohan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCommunication and networking plays a crucial role in data transmission in UASN. The sensor nodes in UASN are intermittently deployed randomly in the three‐dimension scenario. As a consequence, the three‐dimension based localization algorithm is the need for an hour. To fulfill the objective, we have proposed a localization algorithm I‐LASP (Improvement of localization algorithm for compensating stratification effect based on extended improved particle swarm optimization technique) in three‐dimensional UASN, based on compensation of stratification effect for the improvement of the performance parameters such as localization accuracy, ranging accuracy, convergence rate and execution time. To compute the accurate position of target nodes, EIPSO (Extended improved PSO) technique is applied, and the degree of coplanarity is checked before the calculation of distance among nodes in order to get the accurate location of target nodes. The Centroid method is used to initialize the position of sensor nodes, and the ray theory method is used to compensate the stratification effect on the layered ocean water. The proposed algorithm is compared to the existing LASP, Std PSO, and GNA‐ESSP (Gauss‐newton algorithm‐extended sound speed profile) localization algorithm. The proposed algorithm provides 34.50%, 38.87%, and 42.66% of high accuracy in terms of localization with low density of target sensor nodes and 37.96%, 29.58%, and 50.77% high accuracy in terms of localization with a high density of target sensor nodes respectively. The proposed algorithm is compared with LASP, GNA‐ESSP, and TDOA to obtain 66.84%, 71.14%, and 86.13% of high accuracy in terms of ranging with low density of target sensor nodes and 42.34%, 89.00%, and 95.08% high accuracy in terms of ranging with a high density of target sensor nodes respectively. Experimental results represents that the proposed algorithm obtains better performance in terms of localization accuracy, ranging accuracy, root mean square error, normalized localization error, execution time and convergence rate.
An improved method for feeding ash model compounds to a bubbling fluidized bed – CLC experiments with ilmenite, methane, and K2CO3
Authors: Störner Felicia , Knutsson Pavleta , Leion Henrik , Mattisson Tobias , Rydén Magnus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiomass conversion with carbon capture and storage (Bio‐Energy CCS; BECCS) is one of the options considered for mitigating climate change. In this paper, the carbon capture technology chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) is examined in which the CO2 is produced in a stream separate from the combustion air. A central research topic for CLC is oxygen carriers; solid metal oxides that provide oxygen for the conversion process. Biomass and waste‐derived fuels contain reactive ash compounds, such as potassium, and interactions between the oxygen carrier and the ash species are critical for the lifetime and performance of the oxygen carrier. This work develops and demonstrates an improved method for studying the interactions between ash species and oxygen carriers. The method uses a lab‐scale reactor operating under fluidized conditions, simulating CLC batch‐wise by switching between feed gas. The novelty of the setup is the integrated system for feeding solid particles of ash model compounds, enabling the simulation of ash species accumulating in the bed. Ilmenite is a benchmark oxygen carrier for solid fuel conversion and was used in this study to evaluate the method using K2CO3 as a model ash compound. Experiments were done at 850 and 950°C. Methane conversion in CLC cycles and fluidization was evaluated with gas analysis and pressure drop measurements. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of bed particles were done after the experiments to establish changes in the morphology and composition of the ilmenite. The method for feeding the ash model compound was concluded to be satisfactory. At 950°C, K accumulated in the particles forming K‐titanates and agglomeration was enhanced with K2CO3 addition. The agglomeration mechanism was solid‐state sintering between the Fe‐oxides forming on the particle surfaces. The bed defluidized at 950°C, but no such effect was seen at 850°C. The method is suitable for studying the Fe‐Ti‐K system with ilmenite and potassium without the influence of other ash species. © 2023 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Dignity and the Founding Myth of Bioethics
Authors: Reis‐Dennis Samuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, I reject the “principlism” of Tom Beauchamp and James Childress and argue that respect for autonomy is, and ought to be, the fundamental value of bioethics. To do so, I offer a reconstruction of what I call the field's “founding myth,” a genealogy that affords primacy to the right to be respected as a human being with dignity. Next, I examine the relationship between this basic right and a derivative right of autonomy. I suggest that principlism has promulgated an uncharitable understanding of respect for autonomy, one that ensures that the principle cannot occupy the central position I claim for it. Finally, I sketch a more plausible understanding of respect for autonomy and explore its implications.
Computation of the distribution of model accuracy statistics in machine learning: Comparison between analytically derived distributions and simulation‐based methods
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAll fields have seen an increase in machine‐learning techniques. To accurately evaluate the efficacy of novel modeling methods, it is necessary to conduct a critical evaluation of the utilized model metrics, such as sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). For commonly used model metrics, we proposed the use of analytically derived distributions (ADDs) and compared it with simulation‐based approaches.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the England National Health Services Heart Disease Prediction Cohort. Four machine learning models (XGBoost, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network, and Adaptive Boost) were used. The distribution of the model metrics and covariate gain statistics were empirically derived using boot‐strap simulation (N = 10,000). The ADDs were created from analytic formulas from the covariates to describe the distribution of the model metrics and compared with those of bootstrap simulation.ResultsXGBoost had the most optimal model having the highest AUROC and the highest aggregate score considering six other model metrics. Based on the Anderson–Darling test, the distribution of the model metrics created from bootstrap did not significantly deviate from a normal distribution. The variance created from the ADD led to smaller SDs than those derived from bootstrap simulation, whereas the rest of the distribution remained not statistically significantly different.ConclusionsADD allows for cross study comparison of model metrics, which is usually done with bootstrapping that rely on simulations, which cannot be replicated by the reader.
Using university–school partnerships to facilitate preservice teachers' reading and responding to student writing
Authors: Bass Erika L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreparing future teachers to read and respond to student writing is an important part of learning to teach writing. However, preservice teachers (PSTs) often do not have authentic opportunities to read and respond to student writing in methods courses. To create and provide more opportunities for reading and responding to student writing, I partnered with a local high school teacher and her student writers. In this article, I share why it is important for PSTs to have opportunities to read and respond to student writing, a university–school partnership designed to foster these opportunities, and observations from year one of implementation of the partnership. I end the article with important considerations for creating a partnership to foster opportunities to read and respond to student writing.
Evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum TuM2‐PK, NSE, and ProGRP in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Qian , Wang Yuchao , Xu Chunhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum tumor M2‐pyruvate kinase (TuM2‐PK), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), and progastrin‐releasing peptide (ProGRP) levels in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).MethodsThe levels of serum TuM2‐PK, NSE, and ProGRP in 102 patients with SCLC, 60 patients with benign lung disease (BLD), and 90 healthy controls were detected.ResultsThe serum TuM2‐PK, NSE, and ProGRP levels in the SCLC group were higher than those in BLD group (p < 0.05) and healthy control group (p < 0.05). The sensitivity of TuM2‐PK, NSE, and ProGRP detection in SCLC was 82.35%, 60.78%, and 77.45% respectively, and specificity was 91.11%, 81.11%, and 86.67%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of SCLC resulting from TuM2‐PK was significantly better than that of NSE and ProGRP. The application of TuM2‐PK combined with NSE and ProGRP improved the diagnostic yield of SCLC patients and had better diagnostic value than TuM2‐PK alone. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that an elevated TuM2‐PK level was an independent prognostic factor for shorter survival in SCLC.ConclusionsThese results suggest that TuM2‐PK levels in the serum could be an effective biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of SCLC.