bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractures in sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology, economic impact and ethnography (Fractures-E3): study protocol
Authors: Burton Anya , Drew Sarah , Cassim Bilkish , Jarjou Landing M. , Gooberman-Hill Rachael , Noble Sian , Mafirakureva Nyashadzaishe , Graham Simon Matthew , Grundy Christopher , Hawley Samuel , Wilson Hannah , Manyanga Tadios , Marenah Kebba , Trawally Bintou , Masters James , Mushayavanhu Prudance , Ndekwere Munyardardzi , Paruk Farhanah , Lukhele Mkhululi , Costa Matthew , Ferrand Rashida A. , Ward Kate A. , Gregson Celia L. 
Published: June 2023

Background: The population of older adults is growing in sub-Saharan Africa. Ageing exponentially increases fragility fracture risk. Of all global regions, Africa is projected to observe the greatest increase in fragility fractures. Fractures cause pain, disability and sometimes death, and management is expensive, often requiring complex healthcare delivery. For countries to plan future healthcare services, understanding is needed of fracture epidemiology, associated health service costs and the currently available healthcare resources. Methods: The Fractures-E3 5-year mixed-methods research programme will investigate the epidemiology, economic impact, and treatment provision for fracture and wider musculoskeletal health in The Gambia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. These three countries are diverse in their geography, degree of urbanisation, maturity of health service infrastructure, and health profiles. The programme comprises five study types: (i) population-based cross-sectional studies to determine vertebral fracture prevalence. Secondary outcomes will include osteoarthritis and sarcopenia. Age- and sex-stratified household sampling will recruit 5030 adults aged 40 years and older; (ii) prospective cohort studies in adults aged 40 years and older will determine hip fracture incidence, associated risk factors, and outcomes over one year (e.g. mortality, disability, health-related quality of life); (iii) economic studies of direct health costs of hip fracture with projection modelling of future national health costs and cost-effectiveness analyses of different hip fracture care pathways; (iv) national surveys of hip fracture services (including traditional bonesetters in The Gambia); and (v) ethnographic studies of hip fracture care provision and experiences will understand fracture service pathways. Conclusions: Greater understanding of current and expected fracture burdens, fracture risk factors, and existing fracture care provision, is intended to inform national clinical guidelines, health service policy and planning and future health service development in sub-Saharan Africa.
Estimating disease burden using national linked electronic health records: a study using an English population-based cohort.
Authors: Aldridge Robert W. , Evans Hannah E. R. , Yavlinsky Alexei , Moayyeri Alireza , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Mathur Rohini , Jordan Kelvin P. , Croft Peter , Denaxas Spiros , Shah Anoop D. , Blackburn Ruth M. , Moller Henrik , Ng Edmond S. W. , Hughes Andrew , Fox Sebastian , Flowers Julian , Schmidt Jurgen , Hayward Andrew , Gilbert Ruth , Smeeth Liam , Hemingway Harry 
Published: June 2023

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to be used to produce detailed disease burden estimates. In this study we created disease estimates using national EHR for three high burden conditions, compared estimates between linked and unlinked datasets and produced stratified estimates by age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic deprivation and geographical region. Methods: EHRs containing primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink), secondary care (Hospital Episode Statistics) and mortality records (Office for National Statistics) were used. We used existing disease phenotyping algorithms to identify cases of cancer (breast, lung, colorectal and prostate), type 1 and 2 diabetes, and lower back pain. We calculated age-standardised incidence of first cancer, point prevalence for diabetes, and primary care consultation prevalence for low back pain. Results: 7.2 million people contributing 45.3 million person-years of active follow-up between 2000-2014 were included. CPRD-HES combined and CPRD-HES-ONS combined lung and bowel cancer incidence estimates by sex were similar to cancer registry estimates. Linked CPRD-HES estimates for combined Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes were consistently higher than those of CPRD alone, with the difference steadily increasing over time from 0.26% (2.99% for CPRD-HES vs. 2.73 for CPRD) in 2002 to 0.58% (6.17% vs. 5.59) in 2013. Low back pain prevalence was highest in the most deprived quintile and when compared to the least deprived quintile the difference in prevalence increased over time between 2000 and 2013, with the largest difference of 27% (558.70 per 10,000 people vs 438.20) in 2013. Conclusions: We use national EHRs to produce estimates of burden of disease to produce detailed estimates by deprivation, ethnicity and geographical region. National EHRs have the potential to improve disease burden estimates at a local and global level and may serve as more automated, timely and precise inputs for policy making and global burden of disease estimation.
Antivenom access impacts severity of Brazilian snakebite envenoming: A geographic information system analysis
Authors: Isaacson Julia Elizabeth , Ye Jinny Jing , Silva Lincoln Luís , Hernandes Rocha Thiago Augusto , de Andrade Luciano , Scheidt Joao Felipe Hermann Costa , Wen Fan Hui , Sachett Jacqueline , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Staton Catherine Ann , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Gerardo Charles John 
Published: June 2023

Background
Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a neglected tropical disease capable of causing both significant disability and death. The burden of SBE is especially high in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to perform a geospatial analysis evaluating the association of sociodemographics and access to care indicators on moderate and severe cases of SBE in Brazil.

Methods
We conducted an ecological, cross-sectional study of SBE in Brazil from 2014 to 2019 using the open access National System Identification of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) database. We then collected a set of indicators from the Brazil Census of 2010 and performed a Principal Component Analysis to create variables related to health, economics, occupation, education, infrastructure, and access to care. Next, a descriptive and exploratory spatial analysis was conducted to evaluate the geospatial association of moderate and severe events. These variables related to events were evaluated using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression. T-values were plotted in choropleth maps and considered statistically significant when values were <-1.96 or >+1.96.

Results
We found that the North region had the highest number of SBE cases by population (47.83/100,000), death rates (0.18/100,000), moderate and severe rates (22.96/100,000), and proportion of cases that took more than three hours to reach healthcare assistance (44.11%). The Northeast and Midwest had the next poorest indicators. Life expectancy, young population structure, inequality, electricity, occupation, and more than three hours to reach healthcare were positively associated with greater cases of moderate and severe events, while income, illiteracy, sanitation, and access to care were negatively associated. The remaining indicators showed a positive association in some areas of the country and a negative association in other areas.

Conclusion
Regional disparities in SBE incidence and rates of poor outcomes exist in Brazil, with the North region disproportionately affected. Multiple indicators were associated with rates of moderate and severe events, such as sociodemographic and health care indicators. Any approach to improving snakebite care must work to ensure the timeliness of antivenom administration.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviour among healthcare workers in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
Authors: Padmanathan Prianka , Lamb Danielle , Scott Hannah , Stevelink Sharon , Greenberg Neil , Hotopf Matthew , Morriss Richard , Raine Rosalind , Rafferty Anne Marie , Madan Ira , Dorrington Sarah , Wessely Simon , Moran Paul 
Published: June 2023

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, concern has been raised about suicide risk among healthcare workers (HCWs). We investigated the incidence risk and prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviour (STB), and their relationship with occupational risk factors, among National Health Service HCWs in England between April 2020 and August 2021.

Methods
In this longitudinal study, we analysed online survey data completed by 22,501 HCWs from 17 NHS Trusts at baseline (Time 1) and six months (Time 2). The primary outcome measures were suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury. We used logistic regression to investigate the relationship between these outcomes and demographic characteristics and occupational factors. Results were stratified by occupational role (clinical/non-clinical).

Results
Time 1 and Time 2 surveys were completed by 12,514 and 7,160 HCWs, respectively. At baseline, 10.8% (95% CI = 10.1%, 11.6%) of participants reported having experienced suicidal thoughts in the previous two months, whilst 2.1% (95% CI = 1.8%, 2.5%) of participants reported having attempted suicide over the same period. Among HCWs who had not experienced suicidal thoughts at baseline (and who completed the Time 2 survey), 11.3% (95%CI = 10.4%, 12.3%) reported such thoughts six months later. Six months after baseline, 3.9% (95% CI = 3.4%, 4.4%) of HCWs reported attempting suicide for the first time. Exposure to potentially morally injurious events, lack of confidence about raising safety concerns and these concerns being addressed, feeling unsupported by managers, and providing a reduced standard of care were all associated with increased suicidal ideation among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. At six months, among clinicians, a lack of confidence about safety concerns being addressed, independently predicted suicidal ideation.

Conclusion
Suicidal thoughts and behaviour among healthcare workers could be reduced by improving managerial support and enhancing the ability of staff to raise safety concerns.
The mindful trajectory: Developmental changes in mentalizing throughout adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Desatnik Alex , Bird Annie , Shmueli Avi , Venger Ilya , Fonagy Peter 
Published: June 2023

Background
Mentalizing and psychological mindedness are two key, partially overlapping facets of social cognition. While mentalizing refers to the ability to reflect on one’s own mental states and the mental states of others, psychological mindedness describes the ability for self-reflection and the inclination to communicate with others about one’s own mental states.

Purpose
This study examined the development of mentalizing and psychological mindedness throughout adolescence and into young adulthood, and the interplay between the two with gender and the Big Five Personality Traits.

Methods
432 adolescents and young adults (ages 14–30) were recruited from two independent schools and two universities. Participants completed a set of self-report measures.

Results
A curvilinear trend in both mentalizing and psychological mindedness indicated a gradual development of these capacities with age, peaking in young adulthood.
Across all age groups, females had consistently higher mentalizing scores than males. For females, scores only changed significantly between age bands 17–18 to 20+ (p<0.001), ES (d = 1.07, 95% CI [.1.52–.62]). However, for males, a significant change in scores appeared between two age bands of 14 to 15–16 (p<0.003), ES (d = .45, 95% CI [.82–.07]), and 17–18 to 20+ (p<0.001), ES (d = .6, 95% CI [.1.08–.1]).
The change in psychological mindedness scores differed, and females did not have consistently higher scores than males. Females’ scores were only significantly higher for ages 14 (p<0.01), ES (d = .43, 95% CI [.82–.04]), and 15–16 (p<0.01), ES (d = .5, 95% CI [.87–.11]). As with the development of mentalizing abilities, female scores in psychological mindedness remained stable from 14 to 18 years of age, with a significant change between age bands 17–18 and 20+ (p<0.01), ES (d = 1.2, 95% CI [1.7–.67]). Contrastingly, for males significant change occurred between 15–16, 17–18 (p<0.01), ES (d = .65, 95% CI [1.1–.18]) and 20+ (p<0.01), ES (d = .84, 95% CI [1.5–.2]).
A significant positive association was found between mentalizing and psychological mindedness and the personality traits of Agreeableness, Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness (p<0.0001). Psychological mindedness had a weaker positive correlation with Extraversion and Openness to Experience (p<0.05).

Conclusions
The discussion is focused on the interpretation of the findings in light of social cognition and brain development research.
“SATU TAHUN MENJABAT SELAMANYA MENGINSIPIRASI” (STUDI FENOMENOLOGI PENGALAMAN MENJADI DENOK KOTA SEMARANG)
Authors: H. Yoan Angeline , Masykur Achmad Mujab 
Published: June 2023

Denok adalah sebutan untuk duta wisata perempuan Kota Semarang. Seorang Denok harus memiliki tiga aspek yaitu brain, beauty, and behavior. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pengalaman menjadi Denok Kota Semarang. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah tiga orang juara 1 Denok Kota Semarang dan dipilih secara purposif. Pengambilan data digunakan dengan wawancara semi terstruktur, data audio, dan transkrip wawancara dianalisa dengan teknik eksplikasi data. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan proses menjadi Denok Kota Semarang mulai dari sebelum memutuskan untuk mendaftar, saat mengikuti rangkaian kontes, dan setelah menjadi Denok. Sebelum memutuskan untuk mendaftar ketiga subjek termotivasi karena ingin produktif di usia muda serta pembuktian prestasi kepada pelaku bullying. Saat mengikuti rangkaian kontes ketiga subjek memberikan usaha maksimal untuk mencapai tujuan atau disebut goal competitiveness. Subjek mendapat dukungan dari keluarga serta lingkungan sosial. Setelah dinobatkan sebagai Denok terjadi perubahan dalam segi karier, relasi, dampak terhadap keluarga, risiko menjadi Denok, dampak menjadi Denok, perencanaan karier, serta prestasi yang diraih. Kata kunci: Studi fenomenologi, Denok Kota Semarang, Beauty Pageant
Hubungan antara Penyesuaian Diri dengan Motivasi Berprestasi pada Siswa Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Kudus dengan Sistem Pembelajaran Full Day School
Authors: Ulfia Rista Titania , Rusmawati Diana 
Published: June 2023

Full day school merupakan sistem pembelajaran sehari penuh selama 5 hari dalam semingu. Diterapkannya sistem ini membuat para siswa kesulitan dalam menjalani pembelajaran di sekolah. Banyak siswa yang merasa tertekan sehingga membuat siswa enggan untuk menjalankan tanggungjawabnya dengan cara yang terbaik agar mencapai keberhasilan di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penyesuaian diri dengan motivasi berprestasi pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Kudus dengan pembelajaran full day school. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Kudus yang berjumlah 388 siswa. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 188 siswa yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala model likert, diantaranya yaitu Skala Penyesuaian Diri (32 aitem, α = 0,890) dan Skala Motivasi Berprestasi (29 aitem, α = 0,884). Hasil pengolahan data menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana memperoleh nilai koefisiensi korelasi rxy = 0,780 dengan p = 0,000 (p<0,05). Hasil tesebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara penyesuaian diri dengan motivasi berprestasi pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Kudus. Artinya, semakin tinggi penyesuaian diri siswa, maka semakin tinggi pula motivasi berprestasi siswa. Penyesuaian diri memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 60,8% pada motivasi berprestasi.
Pengaruh Hipnoterapi Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan (Anxiety) Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kota Makassar
Authors: Sahdani Andi Mahdi 
Published: June 2023

Anxiety is one of the psychological impacts felt by individuals in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. Anxiety due to the Covid-19 pandemic arises because of the stimulus related to the Covid-19 pandemic that is received by individuals. Stimulus related to the Covid-19 pandemic that is not processed properly in the cognitive realm causes anxiety and has the potential to reduce individual immunity. Individuals who experience decreased body immunity are susceptible to contracting various diseases, including Covid-19. This study aims to determine the effect of hypnotherapy intervention on reducing anxiety levels due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This research design uses a quasi-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest research design. Participants in the study consisted of 8 women aged 21-30 years who experienced anxiety due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The measuring instrument used in this study is the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) which has been adapted into Indonesian. The data analysis technique used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that hypnotherapy had an effect on reducing anxiety levels due to the Covid-19 pandemic ( pretest=7.375, posttest=0.875, ρ=0.007). The implication of this research is that hypnotherapy can be used as an alternative method to reduce anxiety levels due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
Authors: Yang Lingjie , Hu Rong , Yuan Chen , Guan Lina , Mu Yuming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to screen the best time window for the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after acute myocardial infarction (MI) through targeted ultrasound microbubbles loaded with SDF-1α antibody. Thirty-six MI miniswine were randomly divided into six experimental groups according to the duration after infarction (1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks after infarction). MSCs were labeled with BrdU and then injected through the coronary artery in the stem cell transplantation group to detect the number of transplanted MSCs at different time points after MI. Three miniswine were randomly selected as the control group (sham operation: open chest without ligation of the coronary artery). All SDF-1α groups and control groups were injected with a targeted microbubble ultrasound contrast agent. The values of the myocardial perfusion parameters (A, β, and A × β) were determined. A
T, β
T, and (A × β)T varied with time and peaked 1 week after MI (P < 0.05). The number of transplanted stem cells in the myocardium through coronary injection of MSCs at 1 week was the greatest and consistent with the changing tendency of A
T, β
T, and (A × β)T (r = 0.658, 0.778, 0.777, P < 0.05). β
T(X), (A × β)T(X), and the number of transplanted stem cells was used to establish the regression equation as follows: Y = 36.11 + 17.601X; Y = 50.023 + 3.348X (R

2
= 0.605, 0.604, P < 0.05). The best time window for transplanting stem cells was 1 week after MI. The myocardial perfusion parameters of the SDF-1α targeted contrast agent can be used to predict the number of transplanted stem cells in the myocardial tissue.
Application of dynamic mode decomposition and compatible window-wise dynamic mode decomposition in deciphering COVID-19 dynamics of India
Authors: Rana Kanav Singh , Kumari Nitu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic recently caused a huge impact on India, not only in terms of health but also in terms of economy. Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the disease spread is crucial for controlling the outbreak. In this study, we apply the compatible window-wise dynamic mode decomposition (CwDMD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) techniques to the COVID-19 data of India to model the spatial-temporal patterns of the epidemic. We preprocess the COVID-19 data into weekly time-series at the state-level and apply both the CwDMD and DMD methods to decompose the data into a set of spatial-temporal modes. We identify the key modes that capture the dominant features of the COVID-19 spread in India and analyze their phase, magnitude, and frequency relationships to extract the temporal and spatial patterns. By incorporating rank truncation in each window, we have achieved greater control over the system’s output, leading to better results. Our results reveal that the COVID-19 outbreak in India is driven by a complex interplay of regional, demographic, and environmental factors. We identify several key modes that capture the patterns of disease spread in different regions and over time, including seasonal fluctuations, demographic trends, and localized outbreaks. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the patterns of the COVID-19 outbreak in India using both CwDMD and DMD methods. These findings can help public health organizations to develop more effective strategies for controlling the spread of the pandemic. The CwDMD and DMD methods can be applied to other countries to identify the unique drivers of the outbreak and develop effective control strategies.
Understanding Economic Sanctions on Iran: A Survey
Authors: Farzanegan Mohammad Reza , Batmanghelidj Esfandyar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper surveys the literature on the economic effects of sanctions on Iran, with a principal focus on those imposed after 2006. We discuss the challenges of isolating the impacts of sanctions and evaluate recent methodological approaches used to measure causal effects. Specifically, we focus on the application of the synthetic control method to disaggregate the exogenous and endogenous factors responsible for economic underperformance in Iran. We review studies on the macroeconomic impacts of Iran sanctions and examine those that focus on the sectoral effects of sanctions. Our survey reveals a large and growing body of literature that remains incomplete. There are significant gaps in the existing research on the impact of sanctions. Iran will likely remain the most important case study as researchers seek to fill those gaps.