bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space-Time Mixed System Formulation of Phase-Field Fracture Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Khimin Denis , Steinbach Marc Christian , Wick Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, space-time formulations and Galerkin discretizations for phase-field fracture optimal control problems are considered. The fracture irreversibility constraint is formulated on the time-continuous level and is regularized by means of penalization. The optimization scheme is formulated in terms of the reduced approach and then solved with a Newton method. To this end, the state, adjoint, tangent, and adjoint Hessian equations are derived. The key focus is on the design of appropriate function spaces and the rigorous justification of all Fréchet derivatives that require fourth-order regularizations. Therein, a second-order time derivative on the phase-field variable appears, which is reformulated as a mixed first-order-in-time system. These derivations are carefully established for all four equations. Finally, the corresponding time-stepping schemes are derived by employing a dG($$r$$
r
) discretization in time.
Formation of a molecularly and mesoscopically ordered structure from cage siloxanes with a long alkyl chain and dimethylsilanol groups
Authors: Hattori Yuta , Hayashi Taiki , Hikino Takuya , Miwa Ryuta , Oka Yosuke , Fujino Koki , Sato Naoto , Matsuno Takamichi , Wada Hiroaki , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Shimojima Atsushi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStructural control of siloxane-based materials at multiple length scales is important for various applications. In this study, we report the controlled assembly of cage oligosiloxane building blocks by both intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. A cage siloxane molecule modified with seven dimethylsilanol groups and an octadecyldimethylsilyl group was synthesized by stepwise silylation of double-four-ring (D4R) cage octasilicate anions. This molecule self-assembled to form a molecularly and mesoscopically ordered structure by solvent evaporation. Furthermore, the silanol groups in the assembled solids were cross-linked by silylation with dichlorodimethylsilane. This approach will allow for the creation of various hierarchically ordered siloxane-based materials by molecular design.
Graphical Abstract
The affirmed (White) teacher in a cross-race context
Authors: Brady Shannon T. , Griffiths Camilla Mutoni , Cohen Geoffrey L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWithin psychology, efforts to address racial-ethnic disparities in students’ academic outcomes have focused primarily on students themselves. But there is another important person in classrooms: the teacher. In the United States, most racial-ethnically minoritized students are taught by White teachers. Drawing on research on cross-race interactions, we argue that for White teachers—especially those new to the profession—this dynamic is likely to elicit psychological threat, which then undermines their relationships with students, their well-being, and their effectiveness as an instructor. We hypothesized that values affirmation, a technique to mitigate threat and stress, could improve these outcomes. We randomly assigned White public school teachers (N = 109) at schools serving predominantly minoritized students to complete a values affirmation exercise or a matched control exercise in the fall of their first year of teaching. Five months later, affirmed teachers reported greater well-being and better teacher–student relationships than their control counterparts, and their classrooms were rated as more rigorous and more supportive of students’ academic growth by trained observers.
Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structures in copper(II) nitrobenzoates with N-methylnicotinamide: synthesis, supramolecular structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, spectral and DFT study
Authors: Piroš Milan , Vasková Zuzana , Mazúr Milan , Moncoľ Ján , Švorec Jozef 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of six new copper(II) nitrobenzoate complexes with N-methylnicotinamide, used as an auxiliary ligand for a supramolecular interaction study, is reported. Crystal structures of six novel compounds [Cu(2-NO2bz)2(mna)2(H2O)2] (1), [Cu(2-NO2bz)2(mna)2(H2O)2]∙2H2O (2), [Cu(3-NO2bz)2(mna)2(H2O)2] (3), [Cu(3,5-(NO2)2bz)2(mna)2(H2O)2]∙2H2O (4), [Cu(4-NO2bz)2(mna)2(H2O)2]∙2(4-NO2bzH) (5) and [Cu(3,5-(NO2)2bz)2(mna)(H2O)3] (6) (mna = N-methylnicotinamide, 2-NO2bz = 2-nitrobenzoate, 3-NO2bz = 3-nitrobenzoate, 4-NO2bz = 4-nitrobenzoate, 3,5-(NO2)2bz = 3,5-dinitrobenzoate) were determined by X-ray analysis. Compounds 1–6 are mononuclear with a tetragonal-bipyramidal geometry around the Cu2+ ion. The molecules of the studied complexes are mostly linked by a combination of N–H…O and O–H…O hydrogen bonds between N-methylnicotinamide and water molecules into supramolecular hydrogen-bonded coordination chains and networks. Intermolecular interactions in the supramolecular structures were also studied using Hirshfeld surface analysis. In addition, the complexes 1–6 have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations were performed in order to reproduce the EPR magnetic parameters. DFT calculations of the EPR parameters show a good agreement with the experimental results.
Role of Minimum Adhesive Wear Particle Size in Third-Body Layer Properties
Authors: Pham-Ba Son , Molinari Jean-François 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe employ a novel discrete element method (DEM) force formulation to simulate adhesive wear and assess the effects of material and loading parameters on the properties of the third-body layer (TBL) formed during sliding motion. The study emphasizes the role of a material’s critical length scale $$d^{*}$$

d

∗

in the rheology of the TBL. This critical length scale is already known for controlling the size of smallest wear particles. We observe the emergence of a several wear regimes involving wear particle creation and aggregation, with limited effect from $$d^{*}$$

d

∗

on TBL properties. Instead, material strength and surface energy have a profound influence. This study opens up new avenues for exploration of larger systems, three-dimensional setups, and other loading conditions.
Systemic inflammation and biological aging in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Meier Helen C. S. , Mitchell Colter , Karadimas Thomas , Faul Jessica D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChronic, low-level systemic inflammation associated with aging, or inflammaging, is a risk factor for several chronic diseases and mortality. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we generated a continuous latent variable for systemic inflammation from seven measured indicators of inflammation and examined associations with another biomarker of biological aging, DNA methylation age acceleration measured by epigenetic clocks, and 4-year mortality (N = 3,113). We found that greater systemic inflammation was positively associated with DNA methylation age acceleration for 10 of the 13 epigenetic clocks, after adjustment for sociodemographics and chronic disease risk factors. The latent variable for systemic inflammation was associated with 4-year mortality independent of DNA methylation age acceleration and was a better predictor of 4-year mortality than any of the epigenetic clocks examined, as well as mortality risk factors, including obesity and multimorbidity. Inflammaging and DNA methylation age acceleration may represent different biological processes contributing to mortality risk. Leveraging multiple measured inflammation markers to capture inflammaging is important for biology of aging research.
Enhancing electromagnetic tracking accuracy in medical applications using pre-trained witness sensor distortion models
Authors: Cavaliere Marco , Cantillon-Murphy Pádraig 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Electromagnetic tracking (EMT) accuracy is affected by the presence of surrounding metallic materials. In this work, we propose measuring the magnetic field's variation due to distortion at a witness position to localise the instrument causing distortion based on a pre-trained model and without additional sensors attached to it.

Methods
Two experiments were performed to demonstrate possible applications of the technique proposed. In the first case, the distortion introduced by an ultrasound (US) probe was characterised and subsequently used to track the probe position on a line. In the second application, the measurement was used to estimate the distance of an interventional fluoroscopy C-arm machine and apply the correct compensation model.

Results
Tracking of the US probe using the proposed method was demonstrated with millimetric accuracy. The distortion created by the C-arm caused errors in the order of centimetres, which were reduced to 1.52 mm RMS after compensation.

Conclusions
The distortion profile associated with medical equipment was pre-characterised and used in applications such as object tracking and error compensation map selection. In the current study, the movement was limited to one degree of freedom (1 DOF) and simple analytical functions were used to model the magnetic distortion. Future work will explore advanced AI models to extend the method to 6 DOF tracking using multiple witness sensors.
Effectiveness of deep learning reconstruction on standard to ultra-low-dose high-definition chest CT images
Authors: Hamabuchi Nayu , Ohno Yoshiharu , Kimata Hirona , Ito Yuya , Fujii Kenji , Akino Naruomi , Takenaka Daisuke , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Oshima Yuka , Matsuyama Takahiro , Nagata Hiroyuki , Ueda Takahiro , Ikeda Hirotaka , Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Toyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) has been introduced by major vendors, tested for CT examinations of a variety of organs, and compared with other reconstruction methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the capabilities of DLR for image quality improvement and lung texture evaluation with those of hybrid-type iterative reconstruction (IR) for standard-, reduced- and ultra-low-dose CTs (SDCT, RDCT and ULDCT) obtained with high-definition CT (HDCT) and reconstructed at 0.25-mm, 0.5-mm and 1-mm section thicknesses with 512 × 512 or 1024 × 1024 matrixes for patients with various pulmonary diseases.

Materials and methods
Forty age-, gender- and body mass index-matched patients with various pulmonary diseases underwent SDCT (CT dose index volume <CTDIvol>: mean ± standard deviation, 9.0 ± 1.8 mGy), RDCT (CTDIvol: 1.7 ± 0.2 mGy) and ULDCT (CTDIvol: 0.8 ± 0.1 mGy) at a HDCT. All CT data set were then reconstructed with 512 × 512 or 1024 × 1024 matrixes by means of hybrid-type IR and DLR. SNR of lung parenchyma and probabilities of all lung textures were assessed for each CT data set. SNR and detection performance of each lung texture reconstructed with DLR and hybrid-type IR were then compared by means of paired t tests and ROC analyses for all CT data at each section thickness.

Results
Data for each radiation dose showed DLR attained significantly higher SNR than hybrid-type IR for each of the CT data (p < 0.0001). On assessments of all findings except consolidation and nodules or masses, areas under the curve (AUCs) for ULDCT with hybrid-type IR for each section thickness (0.91 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.97) were significantly smaller than those with DLR (0.97 ≤ AUC ≤ 1, p < 0.05) and the standard protocol (0.98 ≤ AUC ≤ 1, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
DLR is potentially more effective for image quality improvement and lung texture evaluation than hybrid-type IR on all radiation dose CTs obtained at HDCT and reconstructed with each section thickness with both matrixes for patients with a variety of pulmonary diseases.
Origins, Trends and Perspectives of Historical-Epistemological Research on Piaget
Authors: Ratcliff Marc J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, several points of view are adopted to present the research directions of contemporary Piagetian historiography. This article first notes the immensity of the secondary literature (20’000 texts) related to Piaget’s work, between empirical and historical-epistemological works. In order to get a more precise idea, we carried out various analyses of the scope of influence of his work: on the 2000 keywords of the thesaurus of secondary literature from 1945 to 2012; on the reception of Piaget’s idea in France between 1920 and 1940; and on the disciplines of insertion of a thousand works from his private library, which were dedicated to him. These analyses corroborate Piaget’s multidisciplinary impact in the 20th century science and culture and indicate the existence of an international Piagetian movement, which has not yet been studied. The factors of production and the recent orientations of the secondary literature are then discussed, showing the changes in the historiography of the last 50 years. Finally, future research directions are outlined between the exploitation of unknown archives and the use of a digital edition of Piaget’s work, which is currently underway.
Appropriately limiting quantities of remanufacturing products considering virtual inventory for stabilization of production resources
Authors: Koketsu Jundai , Ishigaki Aya , Ijuin Hiromasa , Yamada Tetsuo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs environmental problems become more apparent, manufacturers need to balance environmental considerations with economic activities. This is where closed-loop supply chains are gaining attention. However, in addition to demand fluctuations, which are a problem in conventional supply chains, a circular supply chain is unstable in terms of supply, where end-of-life products are collected and reused. This destabilizes not only excess inventory and shortages but also production resources, such as manpower, facilities, and raw materials. This study focuses on the stabilization of the manufacturing system in a closed-loop supply chain. To confirm the dynamic changes in the manufacturing system, we designed a simulation model of a closed-loop manufacturing system and conducted numerical experiments under several scenarios, taking the variation of manufacturing quantity per unit period as an evaluation measure of stability. After showing that unplanned remanufacturing destabilizes the recovery of reusable end-of-life products, we demonstrate that the manufacturing system can be stabilized by appropriately limiting the amount of remanufacturing. However, excessive limits reduce opportunities for remanufacturing end-of-life products and generate adverse economic and environmental impacts. To determine appropriate restrictions, it is necessary to consider the product currently in use by the customer as a virtual inventory and to consider factors such as the quality of the products in the virtual inventory. In the future, we plan to study a system that can dynamically manage remanufacturing quantities based on the status of virtual inventories.
HHV-6 infections in hospitalized young children of Gabon
Authors: Inoue Juliana , Weber David , Fernandes José Francisco , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Agnandji Selidji Todagbe , Lell Bertrand , Kremsner Peter G. , Grobusch Martin Peter , Mordmüller Benjamin , Held Jana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Fever is a common cause for hospitalization among the pediatric population. The spectrum of causative agents is diverse. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous virus that often causes hospitalization of children in western countries. Previously, we investigated the cause of fever of 600 febrile hospitalized children in Gabon, and in 91 cases the causative pathogen was not determined. In this study, we assessed HHV-6 infection as potential cause of hospitalization in this group.

Methods
Blood samples were assessed for HHV-6 using real-time quantitative PCR. Three groups were investigated: (1) group of interest: 91 hospitalized children with febrile illness without a diagnosed causing pathogen; (2) hospitalized control: 91 age-matched children hospitalized with febrile illness with a potentially disease-causing pathogen identified; both groups were recruited at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, Gabon and (3) healthy control: 91 healthy children from the same area.

Results
Samples from 273 children were assessed. Age range was two months to 14 years, median (IQR) age was 36 (12–71) months; 52% were female. HHV-6 was detected in 64% (58/91), 41% (37/91), and 26% (24/91) of the samples from groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; with statistically significant odds of being infected with HHV-6 in group 1 (OR = 4.62, 95% CI [2.46, 8.90]). Only HHV-6B was detected.

Conclusions
Although tropical diseases account for a large proportion of children's hospitalizations, considering common childhood diseases such as HHV-6 when diagnosing febrile illnesses in pediatric populations in tropical countries is of importance.
Posaconazole exposure in critically ill ICU patients: a need for action
Authors: König Christina , Göpfert Melanie , Kluge Stefan , Wichmann Dominic 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Posaconazole is an antifungal drug currently being used for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections such as aspergillosis. To date, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of posaconazole is recommended with the use of oral suspension, but the potential need of TDM with the use of IV formulations is rising. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of IV posaconazole in critically ill patients.

Methods
In a prospective study, we analysed 168 consecutivelly collected posaconazole levels from 10 critically ill patients drawn during a 7 day curse. Posaconazole concentrations were measured using a chromatographic method. Demographic and laboratory data were collected, and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results
We included 168 posaconazole levels, resulting in a median trough of 0.62 [0.29–1.05] mg/L with 58% not reaching the suggested target of 0.5 mg/L for fungal prophylaxis. Moreover, 74% of the trough levels were under the target of 1 mg/L which is proposed for the treatment of aspergillosis.

Conclusion
Posaconazole exposure is highly variable in critically ill patients resulting in potentially insufficient drug concentrations in many cases. TDM is highly recommended to identify and avoid underexposure.

Trial registration number
NCT05275179, March 11, 2022.
Laser Polishing of Polymer Parts Produced with Material Jetting Technology: Effect of Laser Scan Speed, Overlapping and Loop Cycles
Authors: Giorleo L. , Ravelli M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the last year, the industrial production is characterized by the request of high level of product variety that generates a decrease of production volume changing manufacturing from mass production to mass customization. This trend let the conventional production processes, as forming, casting or moulding, expensive because of initial tools production cost that is not more amortized by the high-volume production. A solution to this scenario is to integrate Additive Manufacturing in tools production; this solution guarantees tools cost reduction also if post processes operations are needful to reduce the surface roughness produced by additive processes. Among additive processes, Material Jetting is able produce parts with guaranteed high accuracy and low average surface roughness (0.5 µm). However, these standards mainly refer to upfacing surfaces parallel to the print plate, and the roughness obtained on the other surfaces could increase up to 15 µm because of production mechanism. To improve parts roughness in this study, the laser polishing process was tested; different experimental tests were executed to investigate the effects of scan speed, overlapping and loop cycles. The results demonstrated that it is possible to improve the surface finish and reduce the roughness by 70% at the expense of dimensional accuracy.
Review of tribological properties of nanoparticle-based lubricants and their hybrids and composites
Authors: Htwe Ye Zar Ni , Al-Janabi Aws. S. , Wadzer Yasmin , Mamat Hussin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to their encouraging results, nanolubricants have been revolutionary in the field of lubrication. The degree, to which the new material may improve the tribology, energy savings, and durability, is a crucial consideration for any new additive to a conventional lubricant. The results of the earlier research on carbon, metal, metal oxide, and their composites and hybrid nanolubricants as well as their effects on tribology, are summarized in this review paper. The most popular measuring methodologies, the tribology results for lubricants with an oil base, biodegradable base, and a water base, as well as the reasons that explain these tribological advancements, are all included in this study. Finally, prospects for more study in this area are emphasized.
Ranking of Fuzzy Numbers on the Basis of New Fuzzy Distance
Authors: He Wen , Rodríguez Rosa M. , Takáč Zdenko , Martínez Luis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Real-world problems often deal with uncertainties related to imprecision and vagueness, for which fuzzy modeling has provided a successful approach. Ranking fuzzy numbers is a necessary and complex task in multiple processes, such as decision making. To facilitate the task of ranking fuzzy numbers, it has been introduced an approach to construct fuzzy distances from classical interval distances because their α-cuts are continuous intervals. Usually, extant interval distances use interval endpoints or midpoints, leading to results that might not reflect the correct distance because of information loss. This paper introduces a new fuzzy distance based on a novel interval distance that considers all points within the intervals by using the concept of integration to calculate the average distance between all points belonging to two intervals, respectively. Subsequently, a series of distances between fuzzy numbers based on the proposed interval distances are defined and proved. A new method for ranking fuzzy numbers using the new fuzzy distances is then presented. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed distances will be demonstrated by a comparative analysis of numerical examples.
Doubly autoparallel structure and curvature integrals
Authors: Ohara Atsumi , Ishi Hideyuki , Tsuchiya Takashi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOn a statistical manifold, we can define autoparallel submanifolds and path integrals of the second fundamental forms (curvature integrals) for its primal and dual affine connections, respectively. A submanifold is called doubly autoparallel if it is simultaneously autoparallel with respect to the both connections. In this paper we first discuss common properties of such submanifolds. In particular we next give an algebraic characterization of them in Jordan algebras and show their applications. Further, we exhibit that both curvature integrals induced from dually flat structure are interestingly related to an unexpected quantity, i.e., iteration-complexity of the interior-point algorithms for convex optimization defined on a submanifold that is not doubly autoparallel.
Das interactive model als Grundlage für die Untersuchung adaptiven sprachförderlichen Handelns in Kindertagesstätten – Eine Analyse zu Interaktionen von pädagogischen Fachkräften mit ausgewählten Kindern bei gemeinsamen Bilderbuchbetrachtungen
Authors: von Dapper-Saalfels Tina 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag untersucht das sprachförderliche Handeln von pädagogischen Fachkräften im Kindergartenalltag. Datenbasiert wird im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie überprüft, inwiefern sich das interactive model (des Hanen-Programms) zur Beschreibung und Analyse von Fachkraft-Kind-Interaktionen im Kindergartenalltag im Hinblick auf adaptives sprachförderliches Handeln eignet. Für die Analysen wurden Daten des im Rahmen der Bund-Länder-Initiative „Bildung durch Sprache und Schrift (BiSS)“ geförderten Evaluationsprojekts „Gelingensbedingungen alltagsintegrierter sprachlicher Bildung im Elementarbereich (allE)“ herangezogen.