bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered cortical thickness and structural covariance networks in upper limb amputees: A graph theoretical analysis
Authors: Bao Bingbo , Sun Yi , Lin Junqing , Gao Tao , Shen Junjie , Hu Wencheng , Zhu Hongyi , Zhu Tianhao , Li Jing , Wang Zhibin , Wei Haifeng , Zheng Xianyou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe extensive functional and structural remodeling that occurs in the brain after amputation often results in phantom limb pain (PLP). These closely related phenomena are still not fully understood.MethodsUsing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and graph theoretical analysis (GTA), we explored how alterations in brain cortical thickness (CTh) and structural covariance networks (SCNs) in upper limb amputees (ULAs) relate to PLP. In all, 45 ULAs and 45 healthy controls (HCs) underwent structural MRI. Regional network properties, including nodal degree, betweenness centrality (BC), and node efficiency, were analyzed with GTA. Similarly, global network properties, including global efficiency (Eglob), local efficiency (Eloc), clustering coefficient (Cp), characteristic path length (Lp), and the small‐worldness index, were evaluated.ResultsCompared with HCs, ULAs had reduced CThs in the postcentral and precentral gyri contralateral to the amputated limb; this decrease in CTh was negatively correlated with PLP intensity in ULAs. ULAs showed varying degrees of change in node efficiency in regional network properties compared to HCs (p < 0.005). There were no group differences in Eglob, Eloc, Cp, and Lp properties (all p > 0.05). The real‐worldness SCN of ULAs showed a small‐world topology ranging from 2% to 34%, and the area under the curve of the small‐worldness index in ULAs was significantly different compared to HCs (p < 0.001).ConclusionThese results suggest that the topological organization of human CNS functional networks is altered after amputation of the upper limb, providing further support for the cortical remapping theory of PLP.
Therapeutic potential of aromatic plant extracts in Alzheimer's disease: Comprehensive review of their underlying mechanisms
Authors: Ma Yue , Li Yingming , Yin Run , Guo Peixin , Lei Nai , Li Gang , Xiong Lei , Xie Yuhuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this review is to outline recent advancements in the application and mechanistic studies of aromatic plant extracts in Alzhermer`s disease (AD) to demonstrate their value in the management of this disease.BackgroundAD is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis characterized by severe cognitive impairment. Currently, there are very few drugs available for the treatment of AD, and treatments are primarily focused on symptom relief. Aromatherapy is a traditional complementary alternative therapy that focuses on the prevention and treatment of the disease through the inhalation or transdermal administration of aromatic plant extracts. Over the past few years, studies on the use of aromatic plant extracts for the treatment of AD have been increasing and have demonstrated a definitive therapeutic effect.MethodsWe systematically summarized in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focusing on the potential use of aromatic plant extracts in the treatment of AD in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure from 2000 to 2022.ResultsOur literature survey indicates that aromatic plant extracts exert anti‐AD effects by modulating pathological changes through anti‐amyloid, anti‐tau phosphorylation, anti‐cholinesterase, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐oxidative stress mechanisms (Figure 1).ConclusionThis review provides a future strategy for the research of novel anti‐AD drugs from aromatic plant extracts.
Machine learning for prediction of delirium in patients with extensive burns after surgery
Authors: Ren Yujie , Zhang Yu , Zhan Jianhua , Sun Junfeng , Luo Jinhua , Liao Wenqiang , Cheng Xing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsMachine learning‐based identification of key variables and prediction of postoperative delirium in patients with extensive burns.MethodsFive hundred and eighteen patients with extensive burns who underwent surgery were included and randomly divided into a training set, a validation set, and a testing set. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to screen for significant variables. Nine prediction models were constructed in the training and validation sets (80% of dataset). The testing set (20% of dataset) was used to further evaluate the model. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was used to compare model performance. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to interpret the best one and to externally validate it in another large tertiary hospital.ResultsSeven variables were used in the development of nine prediction models: physical restraint, diabetes, sex, preoperative hemoglobin, acute physiological and chronic health assessment, time in the Burn Intensive Care Unit and total body surface area. Random Forest (RF) outperformed the other eight models in terms of predictive performance (ROC:84.00%) When external validation was performed, RF performed well (accuracy: 77.12%, sensitivity: 67.74% and specificity: 80.46%).ConclusionThe first machine learning‐based delirium prediction model for patients with extensive burns was successfully developed and validated. High‐risk patients for delirium can be effectively identified and targeted interventions can be made to reduce the incidence of delirium.
A 3‐year plankton DNA metabarcoding survey reveals marine biodiversity patterns in Australian coastal waters
Authors: Berry Tina E. , Coghlan Megan L. , Saunders Benjamin J. , Richardson Anthony J. , Power Matthew , Harvey Euan , Jarman Simon , Berry Oliver , Davies Claire H. , Bunce Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo use a long‐term collection of bulk plankton samples to test the capacity of DNA metabarcoding to characterize the spatial and seasonal patterns found within a range of zooplankton communities, and investigate links with concurrent abiotic data collected as part of Australia's Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) programme.LocationSamples were sourced seasonally for 3 years from nine Pan‐Australian marine sites (n = 90).MethodsHere, we apply a multi‐assay metabarcoding approach to environmental DNA extracted from bulk plankton samples. Six assays (targeting 16SrRNA and COI genes) were used to target, amplify and sequence the zooplankton diversity found within each sample. The data generated from each assay were filtered and clustered into OTUs prior to analysis. Abiotic IMOS data collected contemporaneously enabled us to explore the physical and chemical drivers of community composition.ResultsFrom over 25 million sequences, we identified in excess of 500 distinct taxa and detected clear spatial differences. We found that site and sea surface temperature are the most consistent predictors of differences between zooplankton communities. We detected endangered and invasive species such as the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea and the mollusc Maoricolpus roseus, and seasonal occurrences of species such as humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). We also estimated the number of samples required to detect any significant seasonal changes. For OTU richness, this was found to be assay dependent and for OTU assemblage, a minimum of nine samples per season would be required.Main ConclusionOur results demonstrate the ability of DNA to capture and map zooplankton community changes in response to seasonal and spatial stressors and provide vital evidence to environmental stakeholders. We confirm that a metabarcoding method offers a practical opportunity for an ecosystem‐wide approach to long‐term biomonitoring and understanding marine biomes where morphological analysis is not feasible.
Genome‐wide evolutionary signatures of climate adaptation in spotted sea bass inhabiting different latitudinal regions
Authors: Chen Baohua , Zhou Zhixiong , Shi Yue , Gong Jie , Li Chengyu , Zhou Tao , Li Yun , Zhang Dianchang , Xu Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConsideration of the thermal adaptation of species is essential in both evolutionary biology and climate‐change biology because it frequently leads to latitudinal gradients of various phenotypes among populations. The spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) has a broad latitudinal distribution range along the marginal seas of the Northwest Pacific and thus provides an excellent teleost model for population genetic and climate adaptation studies. We generated over 8.57 million SNP loci using whole‐genome resequencing from 100 samples collected at 14 geographic sites (five or ten samples per site). We estimated the genetic structure of the sampled fish and clustered them into three highly differentiated populations. The genetic differentiation pattern estimated by multivariable models combining geographic distance and sea surface temperature differences suggests that isolation by distance and isolation by environment both have significant effects on this species. Further investigation of genome‐wide evolutionary signatures of climate adaptation identified many genes related to growth, muscle contraction, and vision that are under positive natural selection. Moreover, the contrasting patterns of natural selection in high‐latitude and low‐latitude populations prompted different strategies of trade‐offs between growth rate and other traits that may play an essential role in adaptation to different local climates. Our results offer an opportunity to better understand the genetic basis of the phenotypic variation in eurythermal fishes inhabiting different climatic regions.
Threshold responses of soil gross nitrogen transformation rates to aridity gradient
Authors: Song Lei , Wang Jinsong , Zhang Ruiyang , Pan Junxiao , Li Yang , Wang Song , Niu Shuli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe responses of soil nitrogen (N) transformations to climate change are crucial for biome productivity prediction under global change. However, little is known about the responses of soil gross N transformation rates to drought gradient. Along an aridity gradient across the 2700 km transect of drylands on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, this study measured three main soil gross N transformation rates in both topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (20–30 cm) using the laboratorial 15N labeling. The relevant soil abiotic and biotic variables were also determined. The results showed that gross N mineralization and nitrification rates steeply decreased with increasing aridity when aridity was less than 0.5 but just slightly decreased with increasing aridity when aridity was larger than 0.5 at both soil layers. In topsoil, the decreases of the two gross rates were accompanied by the similar decreased patterns of soil total N content and microbial biomass carbon with increasing aridity (p < .05). In subsoil, although the decreased pattern of soil total N with increasing aridity was still similar to the decreases of the two gross rates (p < .05), microbial biomass carbon did not change (p > .05). Instead, bacteria and ammonia oxidizing archaea abundances decreased with increasing aridity when aridity was larger than 0.5 (p < .05). With an aridity threshold of 0.6, gross N immobilization rate increased with increasing aridity in wetter region (aridity < 0.6) accompanied with an increased bacteria/fungi ratio, but decreased with increasing aridity in drier region (aridity > 0.6) where mineral N and microbial biomass N also decreased at both soil layers (p < .05). This study provided new insight to understand the differential responses of soil N transformation to drought gradient. The threshold responses of the gross N transformation rates to aridity gradient should be noted in biogeochemical models to better predict N cycling and manage land in the context of global change.
The militarized workplace: How organizational culture perpetuates gender inequality in Korea
Authors: Um Sejin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study advances our understandings of gender inequality in organizations by examining the experiences of young women who leave their jobs even in the absence of family responsibilities. Based on 29 in‐depth interviews with young women who left full‐time employment at large Korean firms early in their careers, complemented by interviews with 16 men who also resigned from these companies, I find that women's experiences and decisions to quit are critically shaped by what I term militarized workplace culture and practices. The militarized workplace is a work organization where core military values and mechanisms have been integrated and are reproduced to such an extent that organizational culture is saturated with military discipline. Within the militarized workplace, rigid hierarchies and male‐only informal networks marginalize and exclude women, and norms of overwork and complete availability undermine women's aspirations of long‐term employment. By demonstrating the roles that male conscription and the military play in shaping organizational culture and its gendered outcomes, these findings provide insight into how external institutions operate as a source of gender inequality at the organizational level.
Assessment and impact of paediatric internalized weight bias: A systematic review
Authors: Butt Melissa , Harvey Alexandra , Khesroh Eiman , Rigby Andrea , Paul Ian M. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBackgroundInternalized weight bias (IWB) refers to an individual's belief in negative weight‐related stigma. Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to IWB, but little is known about IWB in this population.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to (1) identify the instruments that measure IWB among children and adolescents and (2) explore comorbid variables associated with paediatric IWB.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were pulled from Ovid and PubMED Medline, Ovid HealthStar and ProQuest PsychInfo. Studies were included if they were observational studies, addressed the topic of IWB, and included children under the age of 18. Major outcomes were collected and analysed using inductive qualitative methods.Results24 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Researchers used two main instruments to measure IWB: Weight Bias Internalization Scale and Weight Self Stigma Questionnaire. There was some variation in the response scales and wording of these instruments between studies. Outcomes with significant associations were divided into four categories: physical health (n = 4), mental health (n = 9), social functioning (n = 5), and eating behaviours (n = 8).ConclusionsIWB is significantly associated with and may contribute to maladaptive eating behaviours and adverse psychopathology in children.
Exosome derived from human adipose‐derived stem cell improve wound healing quality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of preclinical animal studies
Authors: Yuan Tian , Meijia Li , Xinyao Chen , Xinyue Chen , Lijun Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExcellent capability of exosome derived from human adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSC) manifested in improving the quality of wound healing with SMD (STD Mean Difference). However, it is still in the preclinical stage and its efficacy remains uncertain. Emphasised the need for a systematic review of preclinical studies to the validity of it in ameliorate wound healing quality which accelerate the clinical application translation. We performed a systematic literature review to identify all published controlled and intervention studies comparing exosome derived from human ADSC with placebo in animal models of wound closure during wound healing. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were employed. Risk of bias assessed by the SYRCLE tool aimed at preclinical animal studies. Administration of exosome derived from human ADSC extremely improved wound closure compared with controls, which is primary outcome (SMD 1.423, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.137–1.709 P < .001), the same effect as ADSC. The therapeutic effect is further enhanced by modified ADSC‐EV. Other outcomes: density and the number of blood vessels: (SMD 1.593 95% CI 1.007–2.179 P < .001)；Fibrosis‐related protein expression was highly expressed in the early term of wound healing, decreased in shaping period, which automatically regulates wound collagen deposition. Scar size, number of fibroblast and epithelial cell migration and proliferation expressed were ranked as follows: modified adipose stem cell exosomes > adipose stem cell exosomes > controls. Exosome derived from human ADSC, especially after enrichment for specific non‐coding RNA, is a promising approach to improve healing efficiency.
AN INTEGRATED HAEMATURIA CLINIC
Authors: Paul A B , Collie D A , Wild S R , Chisholm G D 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe prognosis of bladder cancer is worsened by delay in its management. To reduce such delay we have organised a clinic where intravenous urography and cystoscopy, using a flexible cystoscope, are carried out at the patient's first visit. In a two‐year period 321 patients attended this clinic. The results of investigation in 305 patients are reported. A total of 6% of patients with microscopic haematuria (n = 52) and 15% of patients with macroscopic haematuria (n = 253) had transitional cell carcinomata. This difference was not significant (P=0.08, chi‐squared).The delay between referral and trans‐urethral resection of tumour for patients with bladder tumours was reduced from a mean of 60 days to a mean of 33 days by the institution of the clinic (P<0.01, Mann‐Whitney). We recommend that all patients referred to a urological service with haematuria, whether macroscopic or microscopic, should be investigated. The integration of that investigation in a single day decreases delays in diagnosis and management.
Assessment of genomic breeding values and their accuracies for carcass traits in Jeju Black cattle using whole‐genome SNP chip panels
Authors: Haque Md Azizul , Iqbal Asif , Bae Haechang , Lee Seung Eun , Park Sepil , Lee Yun Mi , Kim Jong Joo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the breeding value and accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of carcass traits in Jeju Black cattle (JBC) using Hanwoo steers and JBC as a reference population using the single‐trait animal model. Our research included genotype and phenotype information on 19,154 Hanwoo steers with 1097 JBC acting as the reference population. Likewise, the test population consisted of 418 genotyped JBC individuals with no phenotypic records for those carcass traits. For estimating the accuracy of GEBV, we divided the entire population into three groups. Hanwoo and JBC make up the first group; Hanwoo and JBC, who has both the genotype and phenotypic records, are referred to as the reference (training) population, and JBC, who lacks phenotypic information is referred to as the test (validation) population. The second group consists of the JBC (without phenotype) as the test population and Hanwoo as a reference population with phenotype and genotypic data. The only JBCs in the third group are those who have genotypic and phenotypic data on them as a reference population but no phenotypic data on them as a test population. The single‐trait animal model was used in all three groups for statistical purposes. The reference populations estimated heritabilities for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), and marbling score (MS) as 0.30, 0.26, 0.26, and 0.34 for the Hanwoo steer and 0.42, 0.27, 0.26, and 0.48 for JBC. The average accuracy for carcass traits in Group 1 was 0.80 for the Hanwoo and JBC reference population compared with 0.73 for the JBC test population. Although the average accuracy for carcass traits in Group 2 was 0.80, it was 0.80 for the Hanwoo reference population and only 0.56 for the JBC test population. The average accuracy for the JBC reference and test populations was 0.68 and 0.50, respectively, when they were included in the accuracy comparison without the Hanwoo reference population. Groups 1 and 2 used Hanwoo as reference population, which led to a better average accuracy; however, Group 3 only used the JBC reference and test population, which led to a lower average accuracy. This might be due to the fact that Group 3 used a smaller reference size than the group that came before it and that the genetic makeup of the Hanwoo and JBC breeds differed. The GEBV accuracy for MS was higher than that of other traits across all three analysis groups, followed by CWT, EMA, and BF, which may be partially explained by the MS traits' higher heritability. This study suggests that in order to achieve more accuracy, a large reference population particular to a breed should be established. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of GEBV prediction and the genetic benefit from genomic selection in JBC, individual reference breeds, and large populations are required.
Pantry direct: A transformative supply chain for reducing food insecurity
Authors: Lowrey John , Boyer Ken 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe food bank, a nonprofit, humanitarian organization, recovers charitable food donations from retail stores via collaborative relationships. We demonstrate that decentralized supply chains enable local partnerships and drive value creation via increased exchange of products and services that also better align with community needs. Our supply chain intervention resulted in a reduction in waste disposal costs for the retailer and a greater supply of food for the food bank. We study the private–public partnership (PPP) in retail food recovery in two successive phases. The first exploratory phase incorporates qualitative data from key informants at multiple Feeding America partners across the United States. The second phase was a researcher‐led supply chain intervention involving multiple stakeholders and executed with our partner food bank. Our intervention, Pantry Direct, represents a transition in the PPP to a decentralized, community network. It shifts the pickup responsibility for retail food recovery to a purely volunteer workforce at the pantry. Retail store management noticed lower pickup service reliability; however, more frequent interactions between food pantry volunteers and retail store employees improved communication, which overshadowed the limitations of the volunteer workforce. Owing to several factors, the gain in PPP performance was not universal. Among the five retail stores that participated in the supply chain intervention, two increased food donations and two others decreased food waste. The Pantry Direct model is transformative in the fight against food insecurity, as increased volume (and quality) of retail food donations enabled downstream pantries to provide end clients with more adequate, consistent, or appropriate access to food.