bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excess death estimates from multiverse analysis in 2009–2021
Authors: Levitt Michael , Zonta Francesco , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExcess death estimates have great value in public health, but they can be sensitive to analytical choices. Here we propose a multiverse analysis approach that considers all possible different time periods for defining the reference baseline and a range of 1 to 4 years for the projected time period for which excess deaths are calculated. We used data from the Human Mortality Database on 33 countries with detailed age-stratified death information on an annual basis during the period 2009–2021. The use of different time periods for reference baseline led to large variability in the absolute magnitude of the exact excess death estimates. However, the relative ranking of different countries compared to others for specific years remained largely unaltered. The relative ranking of different years for the specific country was also largely independent of baseline. Averaging across all possible analyses, distinct time patterns were discerned across different countries. Countries had declines between 2009 and 2019, but the steepness of the decline varied markedly. There were also large differences across countries on whether the COVID-19 pandemic years 2020–2021 resulted in an increase of excess deaths and by how much. Consideration of longer projected time windows resulted in substantial shrinking of the excess deaths in many, but not all countries. Multiverse analysis of excess deaths over long periods of interest can offer an approach that better accounts for the uncertainty in estimating expected mortality patterns, comparative mortality trends across different countries, and the nature of observed mortality peaks.
Evolution of Didacticians’ meta-didactical Praxeologies and Documentation Work
Authors: Pocalana Gabriella , Robutti Ornella 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study is aimed to understand the connections between didacticians’ meta-didactical praxeologies for the design and implementation of a teacher professional development program and their documentation work for the program itself. Didacticians are mathematics education researchers with the role of teacher educators. Data presents a case study, in which two didacticians (the authors) generate documents for the work with seventeen in-service mathematics teachers working at the lower secondary level, on inquiry mathematics tasks. The results reveal relationships, not yet fully addressed in research, between the intertwining evolution processes of the didacticians’ meta-didactical praxeologies and their documentation work, nurtured by the collaboration with the teachers. The whole process is led by the evolving goal of the professional development program, from the promotion of the classroom implementation of inquiry mathematics tasks to the broader goal of building an inquiry community with the teachers. This study could contribute to the introduction of an interpretative model for the didacticians’ work for the design and implementation of a teacher professional development program, based on the combination of Meta-Didactical Transposition and Documentational Approach to Didactics frameworks.
Social Anxiety and Its Maintaining Factors: Accounting for the Role of Neuroticism
Authors: Clague Caitlin A. , Wong Quincy J. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractModels of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and research indicate several cognitive and behavioural maintaining factors that perpetuate social anxiety (i.e., maladaptive social-evaluative beliefs, self-focus, attention towards threat in environment, anticipatory processing, post-event processing, safety behaviours). It is unknown whether these maintaining factors are exclusive to social anxiety or if they are also related to neuroticism – a tendency to experience negative emotions. A community sample of adults (N = 263) completed measures of relevant constructs (social anxiety, neuroticism, depression, aforementioned maintaining factors). Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the cross-sectional data. In a good fitting model which included depression, social anxiety had unique positive associations with all maintaining factors. Neuroticism had unique positive associations with social-evaluative beliefs, self-focus, and post-event processing, but not with any of the other maintaining factors. This model also had superior fit compared to a plausible competing model which did not include neuroticism. Certain maintaining factors may not be exclusive to social anxiety, in contrast to how they are conceptualised in models of SAD. Furthermore, neuroticism may play a role in social anxiety, highlighting the potential of interventions for social anxiety to be advanced through greater incorporation of emotion regulation strategies for negative affect.
Quantitative Indices of Student Social Media Engagement in Tertiary Education: A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy
Authors: Tarifa-Rodriguez Aida , Virues-Ortega Javier , Perez-Bustamante Pereira Agustin , Calero-Elvira Ana , Cowie Sarah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent studies have evaluated the use of social media as learning aids in tertiary education. Emerging research in this area has focused primarily on non-quantitative approaches to student social media engagement. However, quantitative engagement outcomes may be extracted from student posts, comments, likes, and views. The goal of the present review was to provide a research-informed taxonomy of quantitative and behavior-based metrics of student social media engagement. We selected 75 empirical studies comprising a pooled sample of 11,605 tertiary education students. Included studies used social media for educational purposes and reported student social media engagement outcomes (source databases: PsycInfo and ERIC). We used independent raters and stringent interrater agreement and data extraction processes to mitigate bias during the screening of references. Over half of the studies (52%, n = 39) utilized ad hoc interviews and surveys to estimate student social media engagement, whereas thirty-three studies (44%) used some form of quantitative analysis of engagement. Based on this literature, we present a selection of count-based, time-based, and text-analysis metrics. The proposed taxonomy of engagement metrics resulting provides the methodological basis for the analysis of social media behavior in educational settings, particularly, for human operant and behavioral education studies. Implications for future research are discussed.
The Employment Quality of Persons with Disabilities: Findings from a National Survey
Authors: Shahidi Faraz Vahid , Jetha Arif , Kristman Vicki , Smith Peter M , Gignac Monique AM 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Labour market integration is a widely accepted strategy for promoting the social and economic inclusion of persons with disabilities. But what kinds of jobs do persons with disabilities obtain following their integration into the labour market? In this study, we use a novel survey of workers to describe and compare the employment quality of persons with and without disabilities in Canada.

Methods
We administered an online, cross-sectional survey to a heterogeneous sample of workers in Canada (n = 2,794). We collected data on sixteen different employment conditions (e.g., temporary contract, job security, flexible work schedule, job lock, skill match, training opportunities, and union membership). We used latent class cluster analysis to construct a novel typology of employment quality describing four distinct ‘types’ of employment: standard, portfolio, instrumental, and precarious. We examined associations between disability status, disability type, and employment quality.

Results
Persons with disabilities reported consistently lower employment quality than their counterparts without disabilities. Persons with disabilities were nearly twice as likely to report low-quality employment in the form of either instrumental (i.e., secure but trapped) or precarious (i.e., insecure and unrewarding) employment. This gap in employment quality was particularly pronounced for those who reported living with both a physical and mental/cognitive condition.

Conclusion
There are widespread inequalities in the employment quality of persons with and without disabilities in Canada. Policies and programs aiming to improve the labour market situation of persons with disabilities should emphasize the importance of high-quality employment as a key facet of social and economic inclusion.
Structural Properties of Minimum Multi-source Multi-Sink Steiner Networks in the Euclidean Plane
Authors: Westcott Alexander , Brazil Marcus , Ras Charl 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGiven two finite sets A and B of points in the Euclidean plane, a minimum multi-source multi-sink Steiner network in the plane, or a minimum (A, B)-network, is a directed graph embedded in the plane with a dipath from every node in A to every node in B such that the total length of all arcs in the network is minimised. Such a network may contain Steiner points—nodes appearing in the solution that are neither in A nor B. We show that for any finite point sets A, B in the plane, there exists a minimum (A, B)-network that is constructible by straightedge and compass (this was claimed in a paper by Maxwell and Swanepoel, but their argument is incorrect). We use this property to formulate an algorithmic framework for exactly finding minimum (A, B)-networks in the Euclidean plane. We also present several new structural and geometric properties of minimum (A, B)-networks. In particular, we resolve a conjecture of Alfaro by proving that, for any terminal set A, adding an appropriate orientation to the edges of a minimum 2-edge-connected Steiner network on A yields a minimum (A, A)-network.
Nitrogen, nickel and graphene oxide doped carbon xerogel as an active electrode of an electrochemical capacitor
Authors: Osińska Małgorzata , Krawczyk Piotr , Łuczak Teresa , Rozmanowski Tomasz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
N-, Ni-, and graphene oxide (GO)-doped carbon xerogel were synthesized from melamine-resorcinol-formaldehyde gels by drying followed by pyrolysis at 950 °C. The mass of nickel and GO in carbon xerogel, formed after carbonization was 5 and 1%, respectively. The obtained product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characteristics were completed by measurements of BET specific surface area as well as pore distribution. For graphene oxide and nickel doped carbon xerogel, a decrease in the BET surface area of about 2% compared to unmodified carbon xerogel was observed with a simultaneous increase of cumulative pore volume and average pore diameter of about 50 and 32%, respectively. Electrochemical properties of doped carbon xerogel were evaluated in 6 M KOH by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic modes. It was revealed, that the highest specific capacitance of 222 Fg−1 was reached for N-Ni-GO-doped carbon xerogel during the process of galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). Moreover, this sample also exhibited 100% stability during GCD and about 98% stability during 3000 cycling tests.

Graphical abstract
Stefano Marcaccini: a pioneer in isocyanide chemistry
Authors: Neo Ana G. , Ramiro José Luis , García-Valverde María , Díaz Jesús , Marcos Carlos F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStefano Marcaccini was one of the pioneers in the use of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions in organic synthesis. Throughout his career at the University of Florence he explored many different faces of isocyanide chemistry, especially those geared towards the synthesis of biologically relevant heterocycles. His work inspired many researchers who contributed to other important developments in the field of multicomponent reactions and created a school of synthetic chemists that continues today. In this manuscript we intend to review the articles on isocyanide multicomponent reactions published by Dr. Marcaccini and analyse their influence on the following works by other researchers. With this, we hope to highlight the immense contribution of Stefano Marcaccini to the development of isocyanide chemistry and modern organic synthesis as well as the influence of his research on future generations. We believe that this review will not only be a well-deserved tribute to the figure of Stefano Marcaccini, but will also serve as a useful inspiration for chemists working in this field.Graphical abstract
Video analytic system for activity profiling, fall detection, and unstable motion detection
Authors: Zereen Aniqua Nusrat , Gurung Anubinda , Rajak Amir , Moonrinta Jednipat , Dailey Matthew N. , Ekpanyapong Mongkol , Vachalathiti Roongtiwa , Bovonsunthonchai Sunee 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReal time detection of falls and unstable movement by elderly people is vital to their quality of life and safety. We present an edge processing device integrated with a cloud computation framework that can be used for activity profiling as well as trigger alerts for falls and unstable motion by elderly people at home. The proposed system uses fixed cameras to track and analyze each visible person in the scene, classifying their actions into nine ordinary activities, a fall, or unstable movement. An alert notification is sent to caregivers whenever a fall or unstable movement is detected. The major components of the system include an embedded device (NVIDIA JETSON TX2) and cloud-based storage and analysis infrastructure. The system is composed of modules for detecting, tracking and recognizing humans, a cascaded hierarchical classifier for nine ordinary activities and falls, and a long short-term memory (LSTM) module to predict unstable movement in video. The system is designed for accuracy, usability, and cost. A prototype system has been subjected to individual module tests along with a field test within a volunteer’s household. It achieved an accuracy of 91.6% for ordinary actions and falls with a recall of 97.02% for unstable motion. Future phases will expand deployment to multiple homes.
Back to the technologies themselves: phenomenological turn within postphenomenology
Authors: Mykhailov Dmytro , Liberati Nicola 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper revives phenomenological elements to have a better framework for addressing the implications of technologies on society. For this reason, we introduce the motto “back to the technologies themselves” to show how some phenomenological elements, which have not been highlighted in the philosophy of technology so far, can be fruitfully integrated within the postphenomenological analysis. In particular, we introduce the notion of technological intentionality in relation to the passive synthesis in Husserl’s phenomenology. Although the notion of technological intentionality has already been coined in postphenomenology, it is “in tension” with the notion of technological mediation since there are still no clear differences between these two concepts and studies on how they relate one to another. The tension between mediation and intentionality arises because it seems intuitively reasonable to suggest that intentionality differs from mediation in a number of ways; however, these elements have not been clearly clarified in postphenomenology so far. To highlight what technological intentionality is and how it differs from mediation, we turn the motto “back to the things themselves” into “back to the technologies themselves,” showing how the technologies have to be taken into consideration by themselves. More specifically, we use the concept of passive synthesis developed by Husserl, and we apply it to technologies to show their inner passive activity. The notion of the passive synthesis enables to demonstrate how technologies are able to connect to a wider (technological) environment without the subjects’ activity. Consequently, we claim that technologies have their pole of action, and they passively act by themselves.
Innovation signals: leveraging machine learning to separate noise from news
Authors: Mühlroth Christian , Kölbl Laura , Grottke Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe early detection of and an adequate response to meaningful signals of change have a defining impact on the competitive vitality and the competitive advantage of companies. For this strategically important task, companies apply corporate foresight, aiming to enable superior company performance. With the growing dynamics of global markets, the amount of data to be analyzed for this purpose is constantly increasing. As a result, these analyses are often performed with an unreasonably high investment of financial and human resources, or are even not performed at all. To address this challenge, this paper presents a machine-learning-based approach to help companies identify early signals of change with a higher level of automation than before. For this, we combine a newly-proposed quantitative approach with the existing qualitative approaches by Cooper (stage-gate model) and by Rohrbeck (corporate foresight process). After a search field of interest has been defined, the related data is collected from web news sites, early signals are identified and selected automatically, and domain experts then assess these signals with respect to their relevance and novelty. Once it has been set up, the approach can be executed iteratively at regular time intervals in order to continuously scan for new signals of change. By means of three case studies supported by domain experts we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. After presenting our findings and discussing possible limitations of the approach, we suggest future research opportunities to further advance this field.
Ethics of AI and Health Care: Towards a Substantive Human Rights Framework
Authors: Liao S. Matthew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is enormous interest in using artificial intelligence (AI) in health care contexts. But before AI can be used in such settings, we need to make sure that AI researchers and organizations follow appropriate ethical frameworks and guidelines when developing these technologies. In recent years, a great number of ethical frameworks for AI have been proposed. However, these frameworks have tended to be abstract and not explain what grounds and justifies their recommendations and how one should use these recommendations in practice. In this paper, I propose an AI ethics framework that is grounded in substantive, human rights theory and one that can help us address these questions.
Parasympathetic activity and total fibrotic kidney in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease patients: a pilot study
Authors: Lai Silvia , Perrotta Adolfo Marco , Panebianco Valeria , Mazzaferro Sandro , Menè Paolo , Pellicano Chiara , Tinti Francesca , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Cianci Rosario , Gigante Antonietta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Renin–angiotensin system hyperactivation in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients leads to early hypertension. Cystic enlargement probably causes parenchymal hypoxia, renin secretion, and endothelial dysfunction. Sympathetic and parasympathetic balance is altered in this condition, especially during the night, also affecting blood pressure circadian rhythm. Aim of this study was to evaluate sympathetic/parasympathetic balance using heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and find a correlation between HRV and renal damage progression, as total kidney volume enlargement, in ADPKD patients.

Methods
Sixteen adult ADPKD patients were enrolled in the study. Eleven patients (68.8%) were male, and the median age was 42 years (IQR 36–47.5). HRV parameters were calculated using 24 h-ECG Holter. A kidney magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan 3 Tesla was performed to evaluate total kidney volume (TKV) and total fibrotic volume (TFV).

Results
A statistically significant positive linear correlation was observed between length of kidneys and frequency domain parameters as low frequency (LF) (r = 0.595, p < 0.05) and LFday (r = 0.587, p < 0.05). Moreover, a statistically significant positive linear correlation exists between high frequency (HF) and TFV (r = 0.804, p < 0.01) or height-adjusted (ha) TFV (r = 0.801, p < 0.01). Finally, we found a statistically significant positive linear correlation between HFnight and TKV (r = 0.608, p < 0.05), ha-TKV (r = 0.685, p < 0.01), TFV (r = 0.594, p < 0.05), and ha-TFV (r = 0.615, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
We suppose that the increase in TKV and TFV could lead to a parasympathetic tone hyperactivation, probably in response to hypoxic stress and vasoconstriction due to cystic enlargement.
Nephron index rather than serum FGF 23 predicts endothelial dysfunction in early but not advanced chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Khreba Nora , Khedr Doaa , Abdel-Baky Azza , Kannishy Ghada El , Samaan Emad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Endothelial dysfunction is the primary step for the development of CKD-related cardiovascular disease. Early prediction and management can influence patient survival. Serum testing of FGF 23 hormone and urinary phosphate excretion were studied as predictors of all-cause cardiovascular morbidity in CKD patients; however, their relation to endothelial dysfunction is controversial. A combination of both in one index is hypothesized to increase their sensitivity in detecting endothelial dysfunction, especially in the early stages of CKD before the dominance of hyperphosphatemia, the original risk.

Methods
A cross-sectional comparative analysis between thirty CKD stage 3 patients and sixty stage 4–5 CKD patients was conducted. All patients were tested for markers of mineral bone disorders including serum FGF 23 and 24-h urinary phosphate excretion. A combination of both in one index (nephron index) is calculated and hypothesized to correlate with nephron number. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by measuring the post-occlusion brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).

Results
In univariate and multivariate regression analyses, the nephron index was the only predictor of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with stage 3 CKD (r = 0.74, P 0.01). This was not applied to stage 4–5 CKD patients where serum phosphorus (r = − 0.53, P 0.001), intact PTH (r = − 0.53, P 0.001), uric acid (r = − 0.5, P 0.001), and measured GFR (r = 0.59, P 0.001) were the highest correlates to FMD; the Nephron index had the weakest correlation (r = 0.28, P = 0.02) and is not predictive of endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusion
Nephron index calculation showed better correlation with endothelial dysfunction than using any of its determinants alone in early stages of CKD when FGF 23 levels are just beginning to rise. In advanced CKD patients, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperuricemia, and measured GFR are more reliable than nephron index.
Household Savings and Negative Interest Rates
Authors: Staal Klaas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses determinants of household savings in a model based on an extension of the disequilibrium savings theory. These extensions follow from the life-cycle, permanent-income and Ricardian-equivalence theories. Based on panel data of 20 countries from the period 2000–2020, fixed-effect least squares estimation procedures are used. The analysis provides evidence that negative interest rates lead to a statistically and economic significant increase in savings. This implies that stimulating household consumption with a monetary policy of negative interest rates is counter-productive. The positive effect of income uncertainty and lagged saving rates gets smaller for negative interest rates, weakening the support for the disequilibrium-savings theory. Larger government deficits increase savings even more when rates are negative, strengthening the Ricardian equivalence effect. The effect of negative interest on the predictions of the life-cycle and permanent-income theories is mixed.