Methodology and results of fire testing of penetrations of metal pipeline
Authors: Голованов В.И. , Пехотиков А.В. , Павлов В.В. , Новиков Н.С. 
Published: September 2023

В статье представлена методика испытаний на огнестойкость проходок (размеры 630 х 45 мм и 65 х 8 мм) металлических трубопроводов в стене из газобетонных блоков толщиной 1200 и 800 мм, используемых на объектах энергетики и предназначенных для эксплуатации под давлением циркулирующей воды или водяного пара. Огневые испытания проводились при воздействии стандартного температурного режима. Актуальность работы обусловлена отсутствием в настоящее время метода испытаний на огнестойкость узлов пересечения строительных конструкций с нормируемыми пределами огнестойкости трубопроводами, находящимися под давлением. Цель исследования – получение новых экспериментальных данных для оценки огнестойкости проходок металлических трубопроводов, используемых на объектах энергетики, и уточнение методики при разработке нового межгосударственного стандарта в области пожарной безопасности, что позволит повысить безопасность таких конструкций в практике строительства.
Ensuring the fire safety of people and material values in modern buildings and structures is carried out by dividing the premises into fire compartments and sections, with the installation of fire barriers that block the spread of fire hazards beyond their limits. These objects of protection have a developed network of technological equipment with nodes of intersection of building structures, which must have a fire resistance limit of at least the limits set for the intersected structures. Currently, the absence of a regulatory document on the method of testing for fire resistance of the intersection points of building structures with the normalized limits of fire resistance of pipelines under pressure does not allow to systematize the results of fire tests of penetrations, because experiments are carried out according to general methods for enclosing structures and do not take into account the specific features of the product. Obtaining new experimental data to assess the fire resistance of penetrations of metal pipelines used at power facilities and clarifying the methodology when developing a new GOST will improve the safety of such structures in construction practice. Tere were carried out fire resistance tests with nodes of intersection of a wall fragment with a thickness of 1200 mm and 800 mm made of aerated concrete blocks with hollow pipelines measuring 630 x 45 mm and 65 x 8 mm. At the same time, the main assumption adopted when developing a test procedure for penetrations with pipelines under pressure is that non-flammable liquid (water) or water vapor which create pressure in the pipeline absorb part of the heat generated by the steel shell. This reduces the rate of heating of steel during the experiment compared to hollow pipelines and determines the fire resistance indicators with some reserve. The method of testing for fire resistance of penetrations, approved during the experiments, consists in one-sided heating of the prototype according to the temperature regime of a standard fire and determining the time from the beginning of the thermal impact to the onset of its limit states of fire resistance. On the fire exposure side the pipeline was sealed by welding with a plug made of a steel plate larger than the external diameter of the pipeline. On the non-heated side the pipeline was sealed with a plug made of non-combustible mineral wool and with a diameter equal to the pipeline diameter. The results of the conducted research will contribute to the introduction of new types of penetrations by pipelines designed for operation under pressure with circulating water or water vapor which will increase the safety and stability of buildings in case of fire.