bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the porous structure of cement sheaths on the deformation failure mechanism of wellbore cement sheaths
Authors: Yang Yongming , Li Xiwen , Sun Mengke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Two types of cement sheaths with different porosities were prepared by using cement materials and liquid silicon suspension. The distribution characteristics of the pore radius and space location of two types of cement sheaths were analyzed using CT scanning experiments and statistical principles to obtain their probability density distribution functions. Based on the distribution functions, the “single-layer” and “double-layer” porous models of two types of cement sheaths were constructed using a self-developed program incorporated with the FLAC 3D program. A series of numerical simulations were conducted to study the deformation and failure laws of wellbore cement sheaths under in situ stress and hydraulic pressure. The effects of the porosity and double-layer structure on the breakdown pressure, plastic failure zone, radial deformation, and stress distribution of the cement sheaths were analyzed. As a result, the effect mechanisms of the porosity and double-layer structure on the failure mode, failure path, and interaction between the cement sheath and metal casing were revealed. The failure modes and paths of single- and double-layer cement sheaths were obtained. This research provides a basis for understanding the characteristics of stress distribution, deformation, and failure mode of porous cement sheaths under hydraulic pressure.
Central circuit controlling thermoregulatory inversion and torpor-like state
Authors: Tupone Domenico , Hernan Shelby , Chiavetta Pierfrancesco , Morrison Shaun , Cano Georgina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To maintain core body temperature in mammals, the CNS thermoregulatory networks respond to cold exposure by increasing brown adipose tissue and shivering thermogenesis. However, in hibernation or torpor, this normal thermoregulatory response is supplanted by “thermoregulatory inversion”, an altered homeostatic state in which cold exposure causes inhibition of thermogenesis and warm exposure stimulates thermogenesis. Here we demonstrate the existence of a novel, dynorphinergic thermoregulatory reflex pathway between the dorsolateral parabrachial nucleus and the dorsomedial hypothalamus that bypasses the normal thermoregulatory integrator in the hypothalamic preoptic area to play a critical role in mediating the inhibition of thermogenesis during thermoregulatory inversion. Our results indicate the existence of a neural circuit mechanism for thermoregulatory inversion within the CNS thermoregulatory pathways and support the potential for inducing a homeostatically-regulated, therapeutic hypothermia in non-hibernating species, including humans.
Bearing damage characteristics of countersunk thin-ply/thick-ply laminated joints using an interference fit bolt
Authors: Wang Anyang , Wang Zhongqi , Zhao Menglin , Zhao Yang , Men Xingchen , Chang Zhengping , Kang Yonggang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, experimental investigations were carried out on thin-ply and thick-ply countersunk interference fit joints. A comparative study of the mechanical behaviour and hole wall damage during static installation of thin-ply and thick-ply specimens with varied interference sizes were carried out. The effect of interference fit on the strength of countersunk composite bolted joints with different thicknesses of prepreg was investigated in detail under quasi-static tensile loading. The internal damage and failure mechanisms of thin-ply and thick-ply interference joints were investigated by SEM micrographs. The thin-ply specimens had lower installation forces and the initial damage of the thin-ply interference interface was less than that of the thick-ply for the same interference size. The thin-ply can still suppress the generation and propagation of the damage in the load-bearing of the interference connection. More importantly, thin-ply laminates can accommodate more substantial interference sizes than thick-ply laminates and have higher load-bearing strengths of approximately 10–20% more for the same interference size. Thin prepregs can be used to facilitate the design process and improve the structural properties of composites, providing new perspectives for improvements and innovative applications of interference joining technology.
Protective Effects of Thymoquinone on Doxorubicin-induced Anti/oxidant Levels in Rat Peripheral Tissues
Authors: AKPINAR Deniz , MERCAN Tanju , DEMIR Halit , OZDEMIR Semir , DEMIR Canan , KAVAK Servet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) against Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity in liver, lung, kidney, testis, diaphragm and stomach tissues of rats. Healthy twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats aged three months, were divided into four groups, each contained seven animals: Group 1: Control (C), Group 2: Rats treated with thymoquinone (T) (10 mg/kg given by gavage), Group 3: Rats treated with doxorubicin (D) were injected intraperitoneally (3 mg/kg) and Group 4: Rats treated with doxorubicin (injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg/kg DOX) and thymoquinone (10 mg/kg given by gavage) (DT). At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) and their lung, liver, stomach, kidney, diaphragm and testicular tissues were dissected for the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It was observed that DOX administration (in group D) increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels in peripheral tissues of rats. It was determined that TQ treatment (in the DT group) given with DOX decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzyme levels. In our study, it was determined that TQ treatment eliminated the toxic effects of DOX and the protective effects of TQ were revealed.
Clinical Significance of Urinary Exosomal microRNAs in patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Yoon Soo-Young , Kim Jin Sug , Jung Su-Woong , Kim Yang Gyun , Hwang Hyeon Seok , Moon Ju Young , Lee Sang-Ho , Seo Jung-Woo , Seok Junhee , Tae Donghyun , Jeong Kyunghwan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. The clinical relevance of 11 urinary exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) was evaluated in patients with IgAN.
Methods: From January 2009 to November 2018, IgAN (n = 93), disease control (n = 11), and normal control (n = 19) groups were enrolled. We evaluated the expression levels of urinary exosomal miRNAs at the baseline and their relationship with clinical and pathological features. The primary endpoint of this study was to discriminate statistically powerful urinary exosomal miRNAs for the prognosis of IgAN.
Results: IgAN group showed dysregulated urinary exosomal miRNA levels compared with the normal and disease control groups. Urinary exosomal miRNA levels of miR-16-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-335-3p showed significant correlation with both estimated glomerular ﬁltration rate (eGFR) and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (uPCR). In univariate analysis, age, body mass index, hypertension, eGFR, uPCR, and five miRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-199a-3p, and miR-335-3p) were signiﬁcantly associated with disease progression in patients with IgAN. MiR-199a-3p with the lowest p-value in disease progression analysis, showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.727, while the AUC of miR-124-3p, with the second lowest p-value, was 0.718. When these two miRNAs were combined, the AUC was high enough (0.786), considering that the AUC of the International IgAN Risk Prediction Tool was 0.890.
Conclusion: Urinary exosomal miRNAs may serve as alternative prognostic biomarkers of IgAN. Further studies are needed to elucidate the physiological mechanisms and clarify the results of this study.
1D photonic crystal biosensor for detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bilgili Nurettin , Çetin Ali 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, we theoretically investigate one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) with a defect layer as a biosensor for the detection of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) through human blood. Finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) is used to calculate the transmission spectrum of the biosensor by using OptiFDTD software. The photonic crystal biosensor performance is measured by the transmission peak shift in resonant wavelength. The effect of the defect layer thicknesses over sensor performance is studied and optimum sensitivity of the 107,0085 nm/RIU, quality factor of 0.3702x103 and detection limit of 3.37086x10-6 RIU is achieved for designed biosensor. The simple structure, easy analysis, and available fabrication techniques make the proposed design a suitable candidate for biosensing applications.
Serum phosphorylated α-synuclein: A potential biomarker of poststroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Yuning , Gu Yakun , Ma Wei , Guan Yuying , Guo Mengyuan , Shao Qianqian , Ji Xunming , Liu Jia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by cerebral infarction caused by acute cerebral vascular occlusion, with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability. Poststroke cognitive impairment, one of the major secondary impairments, is associated with greatly reduced quality of life in many patients with IS. Because poststroke cognitive impairment has insidious onset and progressive progression, the development of early warning biomarkers is essential for this disease.
Methods
In this study, we detected phosphorylated α-synuclein (p-α-syn) pathology in the brain of distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) mice and hypoxia mice. We collected blood samples and routine biochemistry data of patients with IS and those who underwent physical examination in Beijing Boai Hospital from July to December 2021. We examined the serum level of p-α-syn in those people by ELISA.
Results
The level of p-α-syn was significantly increased and showed pathological aggregation around the cerebral infarct in dMCAO mice. And the similar aggregation in neurons were also observed in the brain of chronic hypoxia mice, thus suggesting that hypoxia is the internal cause of α-syn pathology. The serum level of p-α-syn in patients with IS was significantly lower than that of control group, and this lower serum level was positively correlated with the cognitive level of these patients. Further association analysis revealed that the decrease in the serum high-density lipoprotein level of patients with stroke was significantly correlated with their decreased p-α-syn level.
Conclusions
Serum p-α-syn has the potential to serve as a biomarker for poststroke cognitive impairment.
Recombinant Erythropoietin Treatment Improves Serum Podocyte Marker Levels in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: ZENG Lingfeng , NG Jack Kit-Chung , FUNG Winston Wing-Shing , CHAN Gordon Chun-Kau , CHOW Kai-Ming , SZETO Cheuk-Chun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Recombinant human erythropoietins (rHuEPO) is an effective treatment for renal anemia. Recently, there is evidence to suggest that rHuEPO may reduce podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, there is no published study on the change in podocyte injury marker levels before and after rHuEPO treatment in DKD.
Methods
We measured serum nephrin and podocalyxin level, and their corresponding plasma mRNA levels, in 49 DKD patients before rHuEPO treatment, and then 12 and 36 weeks afterward.
Results
There were reductions in serum nephrin (p = 0.002) and podocalyxin levels (p = 0.09), as well as their corresponding plasma mRNA levels (p < 0.0001 for both) after rHuEPO treatment. The change in serum nephrin and podocin level had significant inverse correlation with the concomitant change in hemoglobin level (r = -0.670 and − 0.739 respectively, p < 0.0001 for both), but not with the change in kidney function or proteinuria.
Conclusion
Serum nephrin and podocalyxin levels and their corresponding plasma mRNA levels were significant reduced after rHuEPO treatment in DKD patients, and the change in serum nephrin and podocalyxin levels correlated with the change in hemoglobin level. The effect of rHuEPO on podocyte injury deserves further study.
Molecular dynamics investigation on micro-friction behavior of cylinder liner-piston ring assembly
Authors: Li Tongyang , Wu Jing , Ge Chang , Wang Lujie , Yu Yuan , Ma Xuan , Qiao Zhuhui , Tang Huaguo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The prediction of tribological characteristics of the piston ring-cylinder liner friction (PRCL) assembly near the top dead center has been a difficult area of research. This study explores the micro-friction behavior of PRCL assemblies near the top dead center in engines using the molecular dynamics approach. The tribological characteristics of the PRCL were analyzed under various operating conditions such as ring sliding speed, ring back load, operating temperature, and lubricant supply amount. The liner surface morphology, liner wear, and lubricant film distribution were used to evaluate the tribological characteristics. It was determined that the lubricant supply amount has the most significant impact on the micro-friction behavior of the PRCL assembly.
Exploring and targeting potential druggable antimicrobial resistance targets ArgS, SecY and MurA in Staphylococcus sciuri with TCM inhibitors through subtractive genomics strategy
Authors: Aafareen Aafareen Khan , Saman Saman Sohail , Zarrin Zarrin Basharat , Irfan Muhammad Irfan , Kashif Syed Kashif Raza , Carlos Carlos M. Morel , Hassan Syed Shah Hassan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus sciuri (also currently Mammaliicoccus sciuri) are anaerobic facultative and non-motile bacteria that causes significant human pathogenesis such as endocarditis, wound infections, peritonitis, UTI and septic shock. Some methicillin-resistant S. sciuri (MRSS) also infects animals that include healthy broilers, cattle, dogs and pigs. The emergence of MRSS strains thereby poses a serious health threat and thrives the scientific community towards novel treatment options. Herein, we investigated the druggable genome of S. sciuri by employing subtractive genomics that resulted in 7 genes/proteins where only 3 of them were predicted as final targets. Further mining the literature showed that the ArgS (WP_058610923), SecY (WP_058611897) and MurA (WP_058612677) are involved in multi-drug resistance phenomenon. The 3D protein homology models were built and validated, followed by screening against a Traditional Chinese Medicine library (n = 36,043 compounds). The molecular docking and simulation studies revealed the physicochemical stability parameters of the docked TCM inhibitors in the druggable cavities of each protein targets by identifying their druggability potential and maximum Hydrogen bonding interactions. The RMSD graph showed fluctuations due to structural changes in the helix-coil-helix and beta-turn-beta changes at specific points. Additionally, the transitional changes in protein targets due to “relational dynamics” significantly impact the receptor-ligand binding mechanism. It is assumed that such findings might facilitate researchers to robustly discover and develop effective therapeutics against S. sciuri alongside other enteric infections.
Results from TB screening using ultraportable x-ray and artificial intelligence in remote populations in northeast Nigeria
Authors: John Stephen , Abdulkarim Suraj , Usman Salisu , Rahman Md. Toufiq , Creswell Jacob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background:
Ultraportable X-ray devices coupled with artificial intelligence (AI) are beginning to be used widely to screen for TB in remote settings. Few studies have documented their performance.
Methods:
We organized screening camps in Gombe and Adamawa states of Northeast Nigeria using a team of a registration officer, data entry staff, a radiographer, and a coordination officer. All consenting individuals ≥ 15 years were screened for TB symptoms (cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss) and received a CXR. We used a MinXray Impact system interpreted by AI (qXR V3), which is a fully integrated wireless setup, can be run without electricity, and weighs approximately 30kg. We collected sputum samples from individuals with an abnormality score of .30 or higher or if they reported any TB symptoms. Samples were transported for testing with Xpert MTB/RIF. We documented the TB screening cascade and evaluated the performance of screening with different combinations of CXR read by AI and symptoms.
Results:
We screened 5,298 individuals during 66 camps; 2,685 (51%) were females, and 2,613 (49%) were males. Using ≥ 2 weeks of cough to define presumptive TB, 1,056 people (20%) would be identified. If a cough of any duration was used, the number with presumptive TB increased to 1,889 (36%) and to 3,084 (58%) if any of the four symptoms were used. Overall, 770 (14.5%) had abnormality scores of 0.3 or higher, and 447 (8.4%) had a score of 0.5 or higher. We collected 1,022 samples for Xpert testing and detected 85 (8%) individuals with TB. Traditional symptom screening of prolonged cough only identified 40% of people with TB, while using any symptom detected 90.6% of people with TB, but specificity was 11.4%. Using an AI abnormality score of .50, only used 424 tests to identify 89.4% of people with TB with a specificity of 62.8%.
Conclusion:
Ultra-portable CXR can be used to provide better TB screening in hard-to-reach areas. Symptom screening may miss large proportions of people with bacteriologically confirmed TB. Employing AI to read CXR can improve triaging when human readers are unavailable and can save expensive diagnostic testing costs.
Melatonin Alleviates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-induced Microbiota Dysbiosis and Attenuates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via STAT3/Th17 signalling pathway
Authors: Xu Huajun , Wang Fan , Gao Zhenfei , Huang Weijun , Zhang Xiaoman , Liu Feng , Yi Hongliang , Guan Jian , Li Xinyi , Wu Xiaolin , Yin Shankai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) triggers subclinical intestinal barrier disruption prior to systemic low-grade inflammation. Increasing evidence suggests therapeutic effects of melatonin on systemic inflammation and gut microbiota remodelling. However, whether and how melatonin alleviates CIH-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction remains unclear.Methods:C57BL/6J mice and Caco-2 cell line were treated. We evaluated gut barrier function spectrophotometrically using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled dextran. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect morphological changes in the mechanical barrier. Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression of tight junctions, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) levels. 16S rRNA analysis of the colonic contents microflora. Flow cytometry was used to detect cytokines and Th17 cells with and without melatonin supplementation.Results: We found that CIH could induce colonic mucosal injury, including reduction in the number of goblet cells and over expression of intestinal tight junction proteins CIH could decrease the abundance of the beneficial generaClostridium,Akkermansia,andBacteroides, while increasing the abundance of the pathogenic generaDesulfovibrioandBifidobacterium. Finally, CIH facilitated Th17 differentiation via the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)in vitroand elevated the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor growth factor-β, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 in vivo. Melatonin supplementation ameliorated CIH-induced intestinal mucosal injury, gut microbiota dysbiosis, enteric Th17 polarization, and systemic low-grade inflammation reactions mentioned-above.Conclusions:Melatonin attenuated CIH-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating gut flora dysbiosis, mucosal epithelium integrity, and Th17 polarization via STAT3 signalling.
Data-driven Digital Twin for Board-Level Packaging Interconnects under Multi-physics Loading
Authors: Luo Jing , Liu Yang , Li Ke , Pan Zhen , Ma Chiyuan , Lu Jicun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Solder joints of electronic packaging devices are used as mechanical fixation and electrical interconnection between chips and circuit boards, which provides protection for the normal operation of electronic equipment. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the status of solder joints is essential for predictive maintenance of equipment. In this paper, we propose a digital twin based on semi-supervised learning for diagnosing faults in chip interconnection solder joints. In order to achieve maximum generalization of limited label information, the interdependence between sample labels with similar feature distributions is fully exploited by semi-supervised learning. Additionally, we use real-time monitoring data to update the learning model, and reveal the evolution of solder joint failure under different loads through diagnostic results of model. A dynamic model is formed by stimulated fault evolution characteristics into a solder joint failure model to form a diagnose fault dynamic model in a virtual space. Finally, we designed a thermal-vibration coupling experiment to verify the effectiveness of the digital twin-based solder joint failure diagnosis model. The results show that the digital twin maintains good consistency with the performance degradation process of the solder joint throughout its life cycle. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of the digital twin model can reach 85%, which proves that our method can monitor the service status of physical entities online, and intelligently predict the failure mode and life cycles under load conditions.
Risk factors for postoperative recurrence of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Horio Yuki , Uchino Motoi , Igeta Masataka , Nagano Kentaro , Kusunoki Kurando , Kuwahara Ryuichi , Kimura Kei , Kataoka Kozo , Beppu Naohito , Ikeda Masataka , Ikeuchi Hiroki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Although ulcerative colitis-associated carcinoma (UC-CRC) has been described, there are few reports regarding recurrent cases of UC-CRC. In this study, we investigated the risk factors for recurrence of UC-CRC.
Methods: Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was determined for 144 stage 1-3 patients among 210 UC-CRC cases from August 2002 to August 2019. The Kaplan‒Meier method was used to obtain cumulative RFS, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to extract recurrence risk factors. The interaction term between cancer stage and prognostic factors specific to UC-CRC was evaluated using the Cox model. The Kaplan‒Meier method was applied by cancer stage to the UC-CRC-specific prognostic factors for which interaction effects were indicated.
Results: There were 18 recurrence cases involving stages 1 to 3, and the recurrence rate was 12.5%. The cumulative 5-year RFS rate was 87.5%. Multivariable analysis showed that age at surgery (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, p=0.02), undifferentiated carcinoma (HR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.13-17.24, p=0.03), lymph node metastasis (HR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.08-15.69, p=0.03), and vascular invasion (HR: 8.01, 95% CI: 1.54-41.65, p=0.01) were significant risk factors for recurrence. Patients with stage 3 CRC in the young adult (age <50 years) group had a significantly worse prognosis than those in the adult (age ≥50 years) group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Age at surgery was identified as a risk factor for recurrence of UC-CRC. Young adult patients have a poor prognosis and may require preoperative surveillance endoscopy as well as aggressive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in stage 3.