bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of doped PbO2 electrode and its application for aromatic aldehydes
Authors: Shi Yuanmei , Liu Rihong , Xin Huifen , Jin Yan , Feng Baicheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work prepared doped PbO2 electrodes with rare earth oxides, including SnO2–Sb2O5/Ce–PbO2 and SnO2–Sb2O5/Nd–PbO2. We investigated the effect of rare earth oxide dopants on the properties of the PbO2 electrodes, and the application of the electrodes to the synthesis of aromatic aldehydes.RESULTSScanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface morphology, crystal structure, elemental content and states of the modified electrodes. The electrodes doped with Ce and Nd have a finer surface, resulting in a larger contact area and increased catalytic oxidation capacity. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were also utilized to study the electrochemical response of the modified electrodes. The current efficiency of the prepared redox mediator reached 93.2% through SnO2–Sb2O5/Nd–PbO2 electrode, which was higher than that of other electrodes. Furthermore, the electrode efficiency was basically stable after 10 cycles, which still could reach 88.7%.CONCLUSIONIt was found that Nd‐doped electrode could enhance indirect anodic oxidation through comparing the effect of SnO2–Sb2O5/PbO2, SnO2–Sb2O5/Ce–PbO2 and SnO2–Sb2O5/Nd–PbO2 electrodes in the application of the synthesis of aromatic aldehydes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Calcium carbonate from chicken eggshells as filler in composite Nafion membrane for direct ethanol fuel cell: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Karim Nabila A , Alias Muhammad Syafiq , Shaari Norazuwana , Yang Hsiharng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDirect ethanol fuel cells (DEFC) need fillers to mitigate the issue of ethanol crossing over from the anode to the cathode, which lowers performance. Therefore, this study developed calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from chicken eggshells as a filler in a Nafion composite membrane for DEFC. Three cluster models of CaCO3 filler were developed, namely (CaCO3)2, (CaCO3)3, and (CaCO3)4, to form the Nafion composite membranes. The properties of composite membranes, such as proton conductivity, ethanol permeability, and selectivity, were studied using the molecular dynamics method. In addition, the three main factors influencing the composite membranes’ properties were analyzed in this study; these were cluster size of CaCO3, mass loading of the filler, and ethanol concentration.RESULTSThe results show that filler has reduced proton conductivity and ethanol permeability in the DEFC application compared to the Nafion membrane. However, the selectivity is used as a trade‐off between ion conductivity and ethanol permeability in the composite membrane, thus requiring a suitable size structure and mass loading to balance the high ion conductivity rate and reduce the ethanol permeability rate. The composite membrane C‐(CaCO3)4, which has a large cluster size in this study, shows that it is necessary to restrict ethanol permeability at a high ethanol concentration of 5 mol L−1. However, the structure size in cluster B – (CaCO3)3 – can reduce ethanol permeability but requires high mass loading by 5 wt%. Analysis of variance showed significant values for ion conductivity, ethanol permeability, and selectivity responses.CONCLUSIONCaCO3 successfully reduced ethanol crossover in DEFC, with all three composite membranes being suitable for use at low ethanol concentrations. However, specific size structure and mass loading are required to overcome ethanol crossover at high ethanol concentration. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Color Doppler evaluation of umbilical arteries in relation to bony landmarks in the fetal pelvis as a clue to the mid‐trimester diagnosis of bladder exstrophy: A novel observation
Authors: Aneja Kavita , Bhalla Aradhana Aggarwal , Nanda Anupam , Khurana Ashok 
Published: March 2023

AbstractColor Doppler (CD) is an established diagnostic modality for bladder exstrophy. We present two mid‐trimester difficult‐to‐diagnose cases with no obvious infraumbilical mass bulge, assessed by CD in sagittal and axial pelvic views. The first case was a classical bladder exstrophy at 19 weeks nestled under the umbilical‐cord and the second case was an omphalocele‐exstrophy‐imperforate‐anus‐spinal complex at 18 weeks 4 days gestation with exstrophic bladder embedded under the omphalocele. The altered course of umbilical arteries in relation to pelvic bony landmarks seen in these fetuses could be an objective approach to complement mid‐trimester diagnosis of bladder exstrophy regardless of mass bulge.
Functional analysis of hepatic long non‐coding ribonucleic acids during liver transplantation in humans
Authors: Tu Dan , Zhang Yihan , Liu Xiao , Xu Yan , Chen Huixin , Hei Ziqing , Yi Shuhong , Ge Mian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe potential function of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) remains to be clarified.MethodsClinical samples of transplanted liver tissues from 26 patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) and normal liver tissues from seven patients undergoing hepatic hemangiomactomy (Con) were collected. Typical samples were subjected to whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq). Differentially expressed genes between groups were identified by DEGseq and were analyzed by enrichment analysis including Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and gene set enrichment analysis. Transcription of five lncRNAs including NONHSAG039942, NONHSAG071405, NONHSAG027516, LXLOC_058190, and LXLOC_024376 that presented significant difference in RNA‐sequencing were validated by a quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), for which the subcellular localization and the binding ability to known human RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) were respectively predicted by LncLocator and catRAPID genomics v2.1.ResultsWe identified 2917 lncRNAs and 2811 mRNAs that were differentially expressed (p < 0.05 and log2 fold change > 1 or < −1) between groups (LT vs. Con). NONHSAG039942, NONHSAG071405, LXLOC_058190, and LXLOC_024376 were validated by qRT‐PCR to be significantly increased in the LT group, and were all predicted to be localized in cytoplasm or cytosol. NONHSAG039942, NONHSAG071405, and LXLOC_058190 held an RBP interaction propensity score of 98.07%, 76.95%, and 152.99%, respectively, with heterogeneous‐nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU). Pathways significantly activated in transplant livers that involved HNRNPU as a core enrichment gene included hypoxia, ACE2 expression, apoptosis, spliceosome formation, etc.ConclusionsNONHSAG039942, NONHSAG071405, and LXLOC_058190 were significantly increased in transplant livers after reperfusion and their role in HIRI may be associated with HNRNPU, a core protein that participates in hypoxia and chromatin accessibility.
Integrative bulk and single‐cell transcriptome profiling analysis reveals IFI27 as a novel interferon‐stimulated gene in dengue
Authors: Jiang Cheng , He Cong , Kan Jing , Guan Huiting , Zhou Tao , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe dengue virus (DENV) is a public health threat to humans. Increased vascular permeability, coagulopathy, and hemorrhagic diathesis are the pathophysiological hallmarks of severe dengue. However, although the interferon (IFN)‐mediated innate immune response forms the backbone of cell‐autonomous defense against pathogens, the exact IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) involved in DENV infection remain to be determined. The present study collected transcriptomic data sets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from DENV patients and healthy volunteers from public data repositories. Also, lentivirus and plasmid were used to overexpress and knockdown IFI27. Initially, differentially expressed genes were filtered, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to assess related pathways. Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and support vector machine‐recursive feature elimination algorithms were used to screen crucial genes. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was then employed to test diagnostic efficacy. Next, CIBERSORT was used to analyze immune infiltration in 22 immune cell subsets. Additionally, to dissect high‐resolution molecular phenotypes directly from individual cells and the cellular interactions between immune cell subpopulations, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed. We found that the IFN‐stimulated gene IFN‐α‐inducible protein 27 (IFI27) was highly expressed in dengue patients by leveraging bioinformatics analysis and machine learning algorithms. This finding was further validated in two independent published databases. In addition, IFI27 overexpression positively regulated DENV‐2 infection, whereas IFI27 knockdown has the opposite effect. Consistently, scRNA‐seq analysis supported this conclusion, along with further dissection of increased IFI27 expression mainly concentrated in monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. We also demonstrated that IFI27 inhibited dengue infection. Moreover, IFI27 was positively correlated with monocytes, M1 macrophages, activated dendritic cells, plasma cells, and resting mast cells and negatively correlated with CD8 T cells, γδ T cells, and naïve B cells. GSEA revealed that IFI27 was primarily enriched in the innate immune response, regulation of the viral life cycle, and JAK‐STAT signaling pathway. Notably, the interactions between LGALS9 and its receptor CD47 were markedly increased in dengue patients compared to healthy controls, based on cell‐cell communication analysis. Our findings reveal, for the first time, that IFI27 is a key ISG in DENV infection. Given that the innate immune system plays a significant role in antagonizing DENV invasion, while ISGs are the ultimate antiviral effectors, IFI27 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in dengue, although further validation is warranted.
HLA‐DQ‐conferred risk for type 1 diabetes does not alter neutralizing antibody response to a widely used enterovirus vaccine, the poliovirus vaccine
Authors: Sioofy‐Khojine Amir‐Babak , Lehtonen Jussi P. , Nurminen Noora , Laiho Jutta E. , Toppari Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Lempainen Johanna , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael , Hyöty Heikki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigated whether children with HLA‐DQ‐conferred risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an altered immune response to the widely‐used enterovirus vaccine, namely poliovirus vaccine, and whether initiation of autoimmunity to pancreatic islets modulates this response. Neutralizing antibodies induced by the inactivated poliovirus vaccine against poliovirus type 1 (Salk) were analysed as a marker of protective immunity at the age of 18 months in a prospective birth cohort. No differences were observed in antibody titers between children with and without genetic risk for T1D (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90 [0.83, 1.06], p = 0.30). In the presence of the genetic risk, no difference was observed between children with and without islet autoimmunity (OR = 1.00 [0.78, 1.28], p = 1.00). This did not change when only children with the autoimmunity before 18 months of age were included in the analyses (OR = 1.00 [0.85, 1.18], p = 1.00). No effect was observed when groups were stratified based on autoantigen specificity of the first‐appearing autoantibody (IAA or GADA). The children in each comparison group were matched for sex, calendar year and month of birth, and municipality. Accordingly, we found no indication that children who are at risk to develop islet autoimmunity would have a compromised humoral immune response which could have increased their susceptibility for enterovirus infections. In addition, the proper immune response supports the idea of testing novel enterovirus vaccines for the prevention of T1D among these individuals.
Nalbuphine attenuates morphine‐induced scratching by inhibiting PKCβ‐dependent microglial activation and p38 phosphorylation in male mice
Authors: Tang Yang , Li Nan‐Qi , Ye Liu‐Qing , Yang Fan , Huang Si‐Ting , Peng Zhe , Xie Jing‐Dun , Wan Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMorphine‐induced scratching (MIS) is a common adverse effect associated with the use of morphine as analgesia after surgery. However, the treatment of MIS is less than satisfactory due to its unclear mechanism, which needs to be enunciated. We found that intrathecal (i.t.) injections of morphine significantly enhanced scratching behavior in C57BL/6J male mice as well as increased the expressions of protein kinase C β (PKCβ), phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), and ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) within spinal cord dorsal horn. Conversely, using the kappa opioid receptor antagonist nalbuphine significantly attenuated scratching behavior, reduced PKCβ expression and p38 phosphorylation, and decreased spinal dorsal horn microglial activation, while PKCδ and KOR expression elevated. Spinal PKCβ silencing mitigated MIS and microglial activation. Still, knockdown of PKCδ reversed the inhibitory effect of nalbuphine on MIS and microglial activation, indicating that PKCδ is indispensable for the antipruritic effects of nalbuphine. In contrast, PKCβ is crucial for inducing microglial activation in MIS in male mice. Our findings show a distinct itch cascade of morphine, PKCβ/p38MAPK, and microglial activation, but an anti‐MIS pathway of nalbuphine, PKCδ/KOR, and neuron activation.
Application of erucyl dimethyl betaine sulfonate viscoelastic surfactant for optimization of acidizing operations in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Safari Kowsar , Sahraei Eghbal , Khalilnezhad Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReservoir heterogeneity is an important factor which should be considered for each operation in oilfields. Acidizing operation is performed to eliminate or reduce the damages of reservoirs. The dissolution of the minerals and rock texture in damaged areas is the main goal of acidizing. However, the existence of high permeable zones through flowing paths results in extra damages and fluid loss. Some additives could be added to the injected acid to avoid these undesirable phenomena. In this research, we added a Zwitterionic sulfonate surfactant to hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and evaluated the rheological behavior of several compositions of acid‐based viscoelastic surfactant (VES) solutions under various temperature and shear rates. The capability of optimum solution to plug the high permeable zone and divert the acid flow to low permeable zone is examined. The optimum solution was injected into a parallel sandpacked system with different permeabilities at various flow rates (1, 3 and 5 cc/min). It was observed that the injection rate of 3 cc/min has the most efficiency to reduce the heterogeneity. Besides the tendency of VES based solutions for altering wettability of rock to more water‐wet condition is observed. The findings of this study can help the better understanding of practical application of VES in acidizing through heterogeneous reservoirs. Besides, effective parameters for such application are determined.
Can sarcopenia predict complete response after total neoadjuvant therapy in advanced rectal cancer? A multicentre observational cohort study
Authors: Bedrikovetski Sergei , Traeger Luke , Price Timothy J. , Carruthers Scott , Selva‐Nayagam Sudarshan , Moore James W. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between sarcopenia and response to neoadjuvant treatment remains unclear. This study investigates sarcopenia as a predictor of overall complete response (oCR) after Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) for advanced rectal cancer.MethodA prospective observational study was performed of patients with rectal cancer undergoing TNT at three South Australian hospitals between 2019 and 2022. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by pretreatment computed tomography measurement of psoas muscle cross‐sectional area at the third lumbar vertebra level, normalised for patient height. The primary endpoint was oCR rate defined as the proportion of patients who achieved either clinical complete response (cCR) or pathological complete response.ResultsThis study included 118 rectal cancer patients with an average age of 59.5 years, 83 (70.3%) of whom formed the non‐sarcopenic group (NSG) and 35 (29.7%) the sarcopenic group (SG). The oCR rate was significantly higher in NSG compared with the SG (p < 0.001). cCR rate was significantly greater in NSG compared with the SG (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed sarcopenia (p = 0.029) and hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.040) were risk factors for cCR and sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for oCR (p = 0.020).ConclusionSarcopenia and hypoalbuminemia were negatively associated with tumour response following TNT in advanced rectal cancer patients.
Ultrasonographic Patterns of Calcium Hydroxyapatite According to Dilution and Mix With Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Quezada Natacha , Peñaloza Osvaldo , Cavallieri Fernanda , Schelke Leonie , Velthuis Peter 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the ultrasonographic patterns of different calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) formulations, including the undiluted, diluted, and mixed with hyaluronic acid (HA) compounds.MethodsTo review the ultrasonographic images of patients ≥18 years with confirmed injections of CaHA clinically and ultrasonographically, and without different concomitant types of fillers in the same region or other systemic or localized cutaneous diseases.ResultsTwenty‐one patients met the criteria (90% female; 10% male; mean age: 52 years ± 12.8). Of these, 33.3% have been injected with an undiluted formulation, 33.3% with diluted, and 33.3% with a mixed formulation. All cases were studied with devices presenting frequencies that ranged from 18 to 24 MHz. Twelve cases (57%) were also studied with the 70 MHz.The ultrasonographic patterns of CaHA presented differences in the presence and intensity of PAS and the degree of inflammation according to the dilution and mix with HA. Diluted formulations show a milder intensity posterior acoustic shadowing (PAS) artifact than undiluted at 18–24 MHz. In mixed formulations, 57% showed mild PAS, and 43% demonstrated no PAS artifact at 18–24 MHz, besides fewer inflammatory changes in the periphery of the deposits.ConclusionsThe ultrasonographic patterns of CaHA show differences in the presence and intensity of PAS and the degree of inflammation according to the dilution and mix with HA. Awareness of these ultrasonographic variations can support better discrimination of CaHA.
Treatment of tracheoesophageal fistulas following laryngectomy by customized prostheses—A bicentric case series
Authors: Herzog Michael , Plößl Sebastian , Grafmans Daniel , Bogdanov Vasyl , Glien Alexander , Plontke Stefan , Kisser Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) following laryngectomy cause immense restrictions due to the inability of oral feeding, loss of voice rehabilitation, penetration of saliva, and permanent need of inflatable tracheal cannulas. Patients are consistently in threat of fatal aspiration pneumonias. The failure rate of surgical approaches to close the fistulas is high and an ultima ratio option by customized silicone prostheses can be considered.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 26 patients with a TEF was performed.ResultsThe fistulas occurred in average 40 months after laryngectomy caused by an enlargement of the voice fistula in 17 patients and problems in wound healing in 6 patients. The mean diameter of the fistula was 32 × 18 mm. Eight patients were treated by a button‐shaped and 18 by a tube‐shaped prosthesis. Complete oral feeding was possible in 8 and additional feeding by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in 16 patients. Voice rehabilitation by voice prostheses was possible in 18 cases. Fifteen patients died in the course of the treatment either due to oncological progression or other reasons. The median follow‐up time of the patients alive was 36 months (max 88 months) with 2.2 protheses replacements in mean (max 11).ConclusionThe treatment of TEF by customized prostheses can be considered as an ultima ration option if other approaches had failed. At least, partial oral nutrition and voice rehabilitation as well as protection from aspiration can be achieved in the majority of the patients.Level of Evidence4—Case series.
Terahertz Silicon Metagratings: High‐Efficiency Dispersive Beam Manipulation above Diffraction Cone
Authors: Yang Ruisheng , Fan Yuancheng , Zhu Wei , Hu Chuanjie , Chen Songnan , Wei Heng , Chen Weijin , Chan C. T. , Zhao Qian , Zhou Ji , Zhang Fuli , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOptical wavefront engineering is essential for the development of next‐generation integrated photonic devices. It is used for reflecting terahertz waves in a predesigned nonspecular direction with near‐unitary efficiency, which is a longstanding challenge for high‐performance functional devices. Recently, metagratings have offered an efficient solution for beam steering at large angles without the need for a discretization phase or impedance profile. Here, all‐dielectric metagratings fabricated using a silicon cuboid complex lattice are proposed and demonstrated experimentally to achieve anomalous terahertz beam reflections above the diffraction cone with unitary diffraction efficiency. For the bipartite metagrating system, a single dispersive scatterer per unit is effective for achieving broadband beam steering because of Brillouin zone folding, and another perturbative synergetic scatterer is introduced to slightly tailor the array coupling and improve the performance. High‐efficiency beam steering, including both retroreflection under oblique incidence and one‐way diffraction under normal incidence, can be achieved by breaking structural symmetry and coherently suppressing unnecessary radiation channels. Moreover, silicon metagratings with spatially dispersive response features show perfect anomalous reflection operation in the broadband region, which is promising for leveraging terahertz spatially separated devices.
Thermal Synergistic Effect on CFRP Laminates with Modified Fiber/Matrix Systems for Heat Transfer Applications
Authors: Aravind J. , Manu M. , Roy K. E. Reby , Mubarak Ali M. , Abu Hassan Shukur Bin , Rajalekshmi S. , Daniel Desin S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are modified to enhance their suitability for various thermal applications. A synergistic approach utilizing the effect of various conductive and insulative modifiers with diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin and/carbon fiber (CF) is explored. In CFRP laminates developed after modifications made in epoxy resin using a thermoplastic material, such as polycarbonate (PC) and/or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), exhibit high thermal resistance (TR) of 77.1% compared to unmodified CFRP. In contrast, modifications made using conductive mediums like phosphonium (P), imidazolium (I), or silanized‐graphene oxide (SGO) have lower TR of 25.7%, 30.5%, and 32.4%, respectively. A temperature gradient (TG) enhancement of 75% is reported for the 1.5 wt% PC/ABS modified CFRP laminates. On the contrary, modifications using 0.5 parts per hundred (phr)P, 0.5 phr I, and 1 g L−1 SGO in epoxy reduce the TG by 25%, 30%, and 32%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses are done to explore the thermal characteristics of each case of modification. Finally, scanning electron microscopy images confirm the distribution profile of the modifiers used. Based on the types of modifications performed, the current study can offer insightful information on the thermal performances of modified CFRP laminates.