bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of pain modulation pathway and related brain regions in pain
Authors: Yao Dandan , Chen Yeru , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pain is a multifaceted process that encompasses unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences. The essence of the pain process is aversion, or perceived negative emotion. Central sensitization plays a significant role in initiating and perpetuating of chronic pain. Melzack proposed the concept of the “pain matrix”, in which brain regions associated with pain form an interconnected network, rather than being controlled by a singular brain region. This review aims to investigate distinct brain regions involved in pain and their interconnections. In addition, it also sheds light on the reciprocal connectivity between the ascending and descending pathways that participate in pain modulation. We review the involvement of various brain areas during pain and focus on understanding the connections among them, which can contribute to a better understanding of pain mechanisms and provide opportunities for further research on therapies for improved pain management.
Zero affixes in derivational morphology: Introduction
Authors: Iordăchioaia Gianina , Melloni Chiara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper we offer an overview of the linguistic phenomena that have traditionally been handled by means of zero affixes and of the theoretical debate around the advantages and disadvantages of employing such null morphemes in theoretical modeling. While the advantage of positing zero affixes is straightforward from an empirical perspective (see inflectional syncretism and affixless category change, among others), their theoretical legitimacy has been controversially debated for several decades. In this overview, we present the main problems that have been brought forward against zero affixation and some of the mechanisms that have been proposed as an alternative. Finally, we show how the different articles in our edited collection contribute to this debate by addressing the following three research questions: (1) How do current theories of derivational morphology deal with linguistic phenomena that seem to involve zero affixes? (2) How do zero derivational affixes compare with their “overt analogues” (i. e. overt derivational affixes)? (3) What insights can we obtain from language-specific properties, typological generalizations and/or larger data-oriented studies on the question whether zero affixation is necessary in derivational morphology?
Verb-to-noun conversion in Polish: Multiple schemas in Construction Morphology
Authors: Cetnarowska Bożena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article shows that deverbal conversion nouns in Polish fall into several classes, depending on their inflectional properties and on their semantic interpretation, e. g.rzut‘throw’,rząd‘government’,odnowa‘renovation’, andprzystań‘haven, wharf’. In a theoretical framework which recognizes zero morphemes as nominalizers, such a situation would call for the recognition of many homonymous zero affixes (each specifying a distinct inflection class or a different semantic paraphrase of the resulting zero-derivative). It is argued here that a more felicitous account of this type of verb-to-noun derivation in Polish can be offered in the framework of Construction Morphology. It involves the postulation of multiple construction schemas which express the form-meaning correspondence observable in various subtypes of conversion nouns. Such low-level schemas are treated as instantiations of more general (high-level) schemas and they form a network of morphological constructions in a hierarchical lexicon.
Zero suffixes in Modern Greek derived adjectival formations with alpha privative
Authors: Koutsoukos Νikos , Ralli Angela 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we examine Modern Greek adjectives with the negative prefixα- [a] (also calledalpha privative) which are derived from nouns. These formations display formal and semantic properties that cannot be attributed to any overt element of the structure. Following a bottom-up approach, we revisit the question of whether zero morphemes are useful in the realm of derivational morphology. We argue for a zero derivational suffix that accounts for the lexical category and the inflectional properties of the formation and in combination with the negative prefixa- gives a privative reading. As this zero suffix attributes the basic properties of the formations, but it is not part of the overt structure, we raise the question of whether derivational structures can also be exocentric. Many scholars have claimed that exocentricity is a property pertinent only to compounds. However, we argue that there is no reason why the presence of zero morphemes and the notion of exocentricity should be excluded from derivational morphology.
Distinct Features of Interictal Activity Predict Seizure Localization and Burden in a Mouse Model of Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: Tobin William F. , Weston Matthew C. 
Published: June 2023

The epileptic brain is distinguished by spontaneous seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). Basic patterns of mesoscale brain activity outside of seizures and IEDs are also frequently disrupted in the epileptic brain and likely influence disease symptoms, but are poorly understood. We aimed to quantify how interictal brain activity differs from that in healthy individuals, and identify what features of interictal activity influence seizure occurrence in a genetic mouse model of childhood epilepsy. Neural activity across the majority of the dorsal cortex was monitored with widefield Ca2+imaging in mice of both sexes expressing a humanKcnt1variant (Kcnt1m/m) and wild-type controls (WT). Ca2+signals during seizures and interictal periods were classified according to their spatiotemporal features. We identified 52 spontaneous seizures, which emerged and propagated within a consistent set of susceptible cortical areas, and were predicted by a concentration of total cortical activity within the emergence zone. Outside of seizures and IEDs, similar events were detected inKcnt1m/mand WT mice, suggesting that the spatial structure of interictal activity is similar. However, the rate of events whose spatial profile overlapped with where seizures and IEDs emerged was increased, and the characteristic global intensity of cortical activity in individualKcnt1m/mmice predicted their epileptic activity burden. This suggests that cortical areas with excessive interictal activity are vulnerable to seizures, but epilepsy is not an inevitable outcome. Global scaling of the intensity of cortical activity below levels found in the healthy brain may provide a natural mechanism of seizure protection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDefining the scope and structure of an epilepsy-causing gene variant's effects on mesoscale brain activity constitutes a major contribution to our understanding of how epileptic brains differ from healthy brains, and informs the development of precision epilepsy therapies. We provide a clear roadmap for measuring how severely brain activity deviates from normal, not only in pathologically active areas, but across large portions of the brain and outside of epileptic activity. This will indicate where and how activity needs to be modulated to holistically restore normal function. It also has the potential to reveal unintended off-target treatment effects and facilitate therapy optimization to deliver maximal benefit with minimal side-effect potential.
Inovasi Media Pembelajaran Sejarah Lokal Ki Gede Sebayu Melalui Platform TikTok
Authors: Septiyaningsih Imada Cahya , Waskito Hibatullah Habil 
Published: June 2023

Kabupaten Tegal memiliki cukup banyak peristiwa masa lampau yang bersemayam di dalamnya. Namun sayangnya, kini banyak generasi muda yang belum mengetahui mengenai sejarah lokal yang berada di daerahnya, sehingga nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang terkandung di dalam sejarah masih belum tersampaikan secara maksimal. Dalam pembelajaran sejarah, khusunya mengenai Ki Gede Sebayu, erat kaitannya dengan pendidikan karakter, sehingga dengan mempelajari sejarah Ki Gede Sebayu harapannya dapat menyampaikan nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung di dalamnya. Namun, anggapan bahwa belajar sejarah itu membosankan masih sering ditemui di sebagian generasi muda, sehingga hal ini bisa yang kerap menjadi penghambat generasi muda untuk mempelajari sejarah Ki Gede Sebayu. Maka dari itu, Penulis ingin membuat sebuah inovasi pembelajaran sejarah yang lebih menarik. Berdasarkan konteks permasalahan yang dikaji peneliti, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan kajian kepustakaan serta bersifat eksploratif dan evaluatif. Penelitian eksploratif dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui informasi yang lebih jauh dan lebih dalam mengenai sejarah Ki Gede Sebayu yang akan diimplementasikan dalam platform TikTok. Hasil dari inovasi media pembelajaran tersebut dapat memotivasi peserta didik untuk mempelajari sejarah lokal Ki Gede Sebayu.
Kata kunci: sejarah lokal, pendidikan karakter, platform TikTok
Tegal Regency has a rich history with numerous past events embedded within it. Unfortunately, many young people are currently unaware of the local history in their area. As a result, the valuable lessons and wisdom encompassed in this history are not being optimally conveyed. Learning about history, particularly regarding Ki Gede Sebayu, is closely intertwined with character education. By studying the history of Ki Gede Sebayu, it is hoped that the character values embedded therein can be effectively communicated. However, the notion that studying history is boring remains prevalent among some of the younger generation, thereby hindering their exploration of Ki Gede Sebayu's history. Consequently, the authors aim to introduce a more captivating approach to history education. In accordance with the research problems, this study employs qualitative methods based on a literature review, encompassing exploratory and evaluative aspects. The exploratory research phase was conducted to gather comprehensive and in-depth information about the history of Ki Gede Sebayu, which will be implemented on the TikTok platform. The outcome of this innovative learning media is expected to motivate students to engage with the local history of Ki Gede Sebayu.
Keywords: local history, character education, TikTok platform
The global ESG trend and adaptation opportunities in the emerging hydrogen economy: A corporate governance perspective
Authors: Zavarkó Máté 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of the hydrogen economy (HE) has become the main direction of climate-focused economic progress. Although the gap between the potential impact of energy companies and their actual willingness or ability needs to be bridged by corporate governance and economic policy, these dynamics are underrepresented in the literature. As environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) considerations could foster adaptation and developing hydrogen technologies, the goal of this systematic literature review is to explore the specific environmental and energy aspects of ESG and the adaptation opportunities which could contribute to HE development. Findings suggest that ESG as a new institution in the economy might be in line with national and international policies, but corporate efforts at improving environmental performance could be further oriented directly or indirectly toward hydrogen technologies, for example, through cost reduction initiatives, favourable taxation, or specific requirements for sustainability reporting. On the corporate level, external and internal change drivers could lead to strategic and governance adaptation measures in line with HE development policy. The study contributes to the literature through the intersection analysis of the global ESG trend and the development policy of the HE, which has been overlooked to date, especially from a corporate governance perspective.
Deep-Neural Networks as feature extractors and monolithic neural networks as classifiers, for classification of uterine cervix cancer cases
Authors: Ali Mehboob , Sharma Vinod , Ali Mohd 
Published: June 2023

With the advent of deep neural networks, application of machine learning in multidisciplinary problems enhanced many folds. Many unsolvable problems previously sought as complex to compute are now made solvable by deep neural network techniques. Problems like protein folding by Alpha-fold and Alpha-Go are prime examples.
In this study six well known convolutional neural networks are applied for the classification of uterine cervix cancer cases for both seven class and two class classification. A primary dataset was also created by collecting raw slide samples form the leading medical institutes. The machine learning techniques do require set of well-crafted feature values representing the ground truth. Many times, these features fail to represent the ground truth. The deep neural networks can extract all the relevant features itself and those extracted features are used for final classification. In this work the convolutional neural networks are used for extraction of features which are the used for training shallow neural networks. The shallow neural networks used are Levenberg Marquardt neural network, One Step Secant and Scaled Conjugate gradient descent. The results indicated that among the 6 convolutional neural networks the ResNet50 is best and among the three shallow neural network Levenberg Marquardt is best for both seven and two class classification. The duo (ResNet50 and Levenberg Marquardt) produced a classification accuracy of 82.92%. Among all the classes of diagnosis, class 7 has the best F-value followed by class 1, whereas class 4 has the lowest F- value followed by class 5 and class 2. Lowest F-value indicates maximum misclassification. For two-class classification, duo (ResNet50 and Levenberg Marquardt) produced classification accuracy is 94.77%. The F-value of both the classes is above 92% for all the combination of CNN and shallow neural network.
The results do conclude that the deep neural networks can easily classify the cases of cervical cancer with notable accuracy, without feature extraction.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Кондратюк М. В. , Обруч Г. В. , Фролова Н. Л. 
Published: June 2023

У статті досліджено сучасний стан та тенденції розвитку малого та середнього підприємництва в Україні. Встановлено, що в значній мірі кризовий стан суб’єктів малого та середнього бізнесу зумовлений недосконалістю нормативно-правової системи і багаторічною практикою декларативного виконання стратегічних та програмних ініціатив активізації розвитку суб’єктів цієї сфери. Вивчення еволюції становлення та розвитку системи державного регулювання малого та середньогопідприємництва в Україні дозволило ідентифікувати основні етапи її трансформації, що відображають зміни законодавчої бази та інструментів державного регулювання цієї сфери. Розкрито етапи трансформації системи державного регулювання малогота середнього підприємництва в Україні і їх характерні риси. Доведено, що подальша гармонізація вітчизняного законодавства до світових правових норм та вимог реалізації державної політики у сфері малого та середнього підприємництва іповноцінне виконання затверджених державою ініціатив забезпечення їх сталого зростання сприятиме розбудові ефективно функціонуючого та конкурентоспроможного сектору малого і середнього бізнесу в Україні.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Wisatawan di Kawasan Wisata Religi menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan
Authors: Sari Firda Puspita , Sumriyah Sumriyah , Jusmadi Rhido 
Published: June 2023

Pariwisata merupakan sektor penyumbang devisa negara, sehingga keikutsertaan pariwisata dalam menyelematkan ekonomi negara sangat dibutuhkan. Proses pengembangan pariwisata tidak terlepas dari kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam pengelolaan potensi yang ada. Konsumen yang berkunjung dipariwisata tersebut disebut wisatawan. Semakin banyaknya wisatawan yang berkunjung dikawasan wisata religi yang mengakibatkan merambahnya destinasi wisata religi diberbagai daerah Indonesia itu sendiri. Tetapi, dikarenakan banyaknya antusias wisatawan yang mengakibatkan berbagai permasalahan terjadi didalam pengelolaan pariwisata itu sendiri, khususnya dikawasan wisata religi. Banyaknya permintaan perlindungan hukum terhadap pengelolaan wisata dikarenakan adanya wisatawan yang dirugikan dalam berkunjung. Untuk itu diperlukan adanya perlindungan hukum terhadap wisatawan agar kerugian yang dialami tidak selalu dibebankan kepada wisatawan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap wisatawan menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan. Metode penelitian yaitu penelitian yuridis normatif, bahan hukum berupa bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, penelitian dikumpulkan dengan studi kepustakaan dan Teknik analisis normatif kualitatif.
Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Wisata Religi, Wisatawan
Research Based Learning Model in Syntactic Subjects
Authors: Deden Sutrisna  , Risma Khairun Nisya  
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to know the effectivenerss of research based learning when it applied to Syntax couse. Introduction data were obtained through interviews. The invention of this step is (1) learning achievement of syntac course are not yet reaching the target, it is because the learning activites are still lecturers theoretical centered; (2) Group discussion method cannot accommodate to distributing the group tasks, so the discussion activites are centered on a small number of students. Based on these problems, the research will take on third semester students. Statistical test result show the mean pretest and post test 21.000 with a standard deviation 4.381 and sig (2-tailed) 0,000 less than 0.05. It means there are some significant differences between before and after using this research based learning.
Keywords: model, research based learning, syntax

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui efektivitas model pembelajaran berbasis riset saat diterapkan pada mata kuliah Sintaksis. Data penelitian pendahuluan diperoleh melalui wawancara. Temuan pada tahap ini diantaranya (1) capaian pembelajaran mata kuliah sintaksis belum mencapai target karena kegiatan pembelajaran masih bersifat teoretis yang berpusat pada dosen; (2) metode diskusi kelompok yang diterapkan belum bisa mengakomodasi pembagian tugas pada anggota kelompok sehingga kegiatan diskusi berpusat pada sebagian kecil mahasiswa saja. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, diujicobakanlah model pembelajaran berbasis riset pada mahasiswa semester tiga. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai mean prates dan pascates 21.000 dengan standar deviasi 4.381 dan sig (2-tailed) 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai signifikan baik sebelum maupun sesudah penggunaan model pembelajaran berbasis riset.
Kata kunci: model, pembelajaran, riset, sintaksis
Analysis of Directive Speech Acts in Mata Najwa Youtube Channel Because of Corona: Why Indonesia Is Not Like Singapore
Authors: Anindya Prawita  , Asep Purwo Yudi Utomo  
Published: June 2023

The translation of a speech often requires for attention. That's because in speech, speakers may have another purpose. Another purpose in the speech could be get the speech partner to do something. In that case, it is referred to as a directive speech.
The purpose of this research is to describe directive speech that is found in Mata Najwa's youtube channel entitled "Gara-Gara Corona: Mengapa Indonesia Tak seperti Singapura". The data in this research is a sampling of the sources. The methods used in analysis are theoretical approaches and methodological approaches. Research shows that there are six types of speech function in Mata Najwa's youtube channel entitled "Gara-Gara Corona: Mengapa Indonesia Tak Seperti Singapura" that is directives command, ordered, demand, urging, suggest, and cue. Based on analysis, the most dominant function of directive speech is suggesting speech. The value of this research is to complement previous studies on directive speech.

Abstrak

Penerjemahan suatu tuturan sering memerlukan perhatian. Hal tersebut terjadi karena di dalam tuturan, penutur mungkin saja memiliki maksud lain. Maksud lain dalam tuturan tersebut bisa saja untuk menyuruh mitra tutur melakukan sesuatu. Dalam hal ini, disebut sebagai tindak tutur direktif.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi tindak tutur direktif yang terdapat dalam saluran youtube Mata Najwa dengan judul “Gara-Gara Corona: Mengapa Indonesia Tak Seperti Singapura”. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah penggalan tuturan para narasumber dalam program tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis adalah pendekatan teoretis dan pendekatan metodologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada enam jenis fungsi tindak tutur direktif dalam saluran youtube Mata Najwa dengan judul “Gara-Gara Corona: Mengapa Indonesia Tak Seperti Singapura”, yaitu tindak tutur direktif memerintah, meminta, menyuruh, mendesak, menyarankan, dan memberi aba-aba. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, fungsi tindak tutur direktif yang paling dominan adalah tuturan direktif menyarankan. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah untuk melengkapi penelitian terdahulu mengenai tindak tutur direktif.

Kata kunci: tindak tutur direktif, saluran youtube, Mata Najwa, analisis, pragmatik