bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune-related genes construct and validate a risk model for aneurysm rupture leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Jin Ji , Li Ren , Chen Yang , Li Ziao , Wu Yongqiang , Guo Geng , Zheng Jianzhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an acute cerebrovascular illness with a pronounced rate of disability and fatality. Assessing the risk of rupture in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) can guide early clinical intervention to avoid subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Current methods to assess the occurrence of aSAH at the molecular level are inadequate. Numerous studies have shown that immunity and inflammation are the initiating factors of UIAs rupture, which provides a potential theoretical support for constructing a risk model for aSAH occurrence based on immune-related genes.
Methods.
GSE36791 containing 61 samples was used as the training set, and GSE73378 containing 226 samples was used as the validation set, and the above data sets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. All samples were gene expression profiling from peripheral blood cells. Using R software to identify differential genes and key gene modules and explore the underlying biological processes of differential genes. Immune-related analyses were based on ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithms. Using Cox regression to fit the risk model for aSAH occurrence with 3 randomly selected immune-related genes, and validating the model in the test set.
Result.
A total of 22 hub genes were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and gene differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis showed that hub genes were mainly enriched in immune and inflammation-related pathways. The results showed that neutrophils and monocytes made up the largest proportion of the samples. CD6, SLP and SLC2A11 were randomly selected to construct risk model for aSAH occurrence. Our analysis resulted in an AUC value of 0.859 for the training set and 0.627 for the validation set, indicating that the model has some accuracy and potential clinical application.
Conclusion.
We identified 22 key genes associated with immunity and randomly selected 3 genes to construct and validate a risk model for the development of SAH due to aneurysm rupture. We determined the likelihood of intracranial aneurysm rupture based on the model score. It is possible to quickly and conveniently guide whether early intervention is needed for unruptured aneurysms at the molecular level to prevent the formation of SAH and related complications. In addition, pivotal gene-mediated inflammation provides a new perspective for future studies on the mechanisms of aSAH initiation and subsequent neurological deterioration.
Shortfalls and Challenges in Groundwater Regime Monitoring
Authors: Reddy A G S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Groundwater is exploited un-relentlessly worldwide, leading to severe resource shortages, reflected through a sharp decline in water levels and deterioration of water quality. Groundwater, a dynamic and renewable resource, needs continuous monitoring for its effective utilization and to meet the ever-increasing demand for water. Many non-government and government agencies have measured groundwater levels and their chemical quality over the past five decades. However, a cursory scan of the data, reports, and publications reveals that many countries still follow primitive practices of groundwater monitoring. Scant research publications and little R&D efforts are noticed in this domain. Lack of modernization in monitoring mechanism led to a paucity of real-time and accurate data. There is an urgent need to draw the attention of monitoring agencies toward updating monitoring strategies using the latest technology. System analysis is required for process standardization and the design of protocols to revitalize groundwater regime surveillance. Efforts are made to identify the areas of weakness which need immediate attention and explore the possibilities of engaging new techniques by adopting an out-of-box approach in collecting, analyzing, and disseminating the information on quantitative and qualitative indicators of groundwater to the end users in actionable form.
Perspectives of healthcare providers and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on improving glycaemic control in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a qualitative study
Authors: Lubaki Jean-Pierre Fina , Francis Joel Msafiri , Omole Olufemi Babatunde 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite advances in the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes, glycaemic control remains suboptimal in sub-Saharan Africa, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Defining interventions to improve glycaemic control requires a clear knowledge of local factors related to poor glycaemic control including the views and perspectives of key stakeholders such as healthcare providers and patients. Qualitative studies exploring these are lacking in the DRC. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of patients with type 2 diabetes and healthcare providers on ways to improve glycaemic control in the DRC.
Methods
This qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews conducted on 26 purposefully sampled participants − 10 patients with type 2 diabetes and 16 healthcare providers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The study used phenomenology approach, and inductive, constructionist, and thematic analysis. Themes were organized and integrated using the Innovative Care for Chronic Diseases Framework.
Results
Three themes were identified regarding improving glycaemic control: strengthening the healthcare system, supporting patients and population, and adopting supportive health policies. The improvement of glycaemic control involves actions from the patients and families, the healthcare organisations and the community, and policy environment. The patients should be empowered for self-management through a patient-provider relationship that is patient-centred. The care offered to patients with diabetes should be evidence-based and provided by multidisciplinary healthcare teams in well-equipped healthcare facilities. At the community level, efforts should focus on improving people’s knowledge of diabetes and provide more support to patients. At the policy level, primary prevention of diabetes and effective healthcare financing should be assured.
Conclusion
This study found that the improvement of glycaemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes in Kinshasa, DRC requires multidimensional strategies that include patient, family and community level interventions; structural and processes of care interventions in the health system; and health policy level interventions. To be efficient, these interventions need to be integrated into existing platforms of healthcare services delivery, particularly the chronic diseases management framework.
Effect of extrusion parameters on physical, microstructural and functional quality of lentil-quinoa extruded snack enriched with pumpkin by stepwise response surface methodology
Authors: eftekhariyazdi Minoo , Zenoozian Masoud Shafafi , Milani Elnaz , Rad Amir Hossein Elhami , Armin Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study aimed to develop lentil-quinoa-pumpkin extruded snacks by investigating the effects of extrusion conditions (pumpkin flour ratio (A: 25–75%); barrel screw speed (B: 120–180 rpm) and feed moisture content (C: 14–22%) on water-activity (aw), Water Absorption Index (WAI: g.g-1), Water Solubility Index (WSI%), Oil Absorption Index (OAI: mL.g-1); expansion ratio (ER), Bulk-density (BD: g.cm-3), porosity (%) and hardness (N). Box-Behnken experimental design and Stepwise-response surface method were applied to analysis and model the properties of the extruded snacks. The pumpkin-flour ratio had a significant positive correlation with BD, OAI and WSI. Whereas the correlation between this parameter and hardness, porosity, ER and WAI was negative (P < 0.05). The feed moisture content was positively affected theawand WAI and negatively affected the harness of samples (P < 0.05). The screw speed had a positive effect on ER, porosity and WSI, whereas it was negatively influenced the hardness, BD andaw. By increasing the pumpkin-flour ratio in the feed composition, both air cell size and wall thickness of samples had been decreased. The results showed that 44.2% pumpkin flour, 22% feed moisture, and 172.1 rpm screw speed gave an optimized product. There was no significant difference between predicted and experimental values (except for ER) and the variation between the values was lower than 10%. The optimized snack was a good source of fiber (around 15%), protein (17.3%), and antioxidants (TPC = 15.28 mg GAE.g-1and antiradical scavenging activity (DPPH) = 33.66%). The caloric value of optimized snack was 362.6 cal.100g-1
The Disagreement Problem in Explainable Machine Learning: A Practitioner's Perspective
Authors: Krishna Satyapriya , Han Tessa , Gu Alex , Jabbari Shahin , Wu Zhiwei Steven , Lakkaraju Himabindu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As various post hoc explanation methods are increasingly being leveraged to explain complex models in high-stakes settings, it becomes critical to develop a deeper understanding of if and when the explanations output by these methods disagree with each other, and how such disagreements are resolved in practice. However, there is little to no research that provides answers to these critical questions. In this work, we introduce and study the disagreement problem in explainable machine learning. More specifically, we formalize the notion of disagreement between explanations, analyze how often such disagreements occur in practice, and how do practitioners resolve these disagreements. To this end, we first conduct interviews with data scientists to understand what constitutes disagreement between explanations generated by different methods for the same model prediction, and introduce a novel quantitative framework to formalize this understanding. We then leverage this framework to carry out a rigorous empirical analysis with four real-world datasets, six state-of-the-art post hoc explanation methods, and eight different predictive models, to measure the extent of disagreement between the explanations generated by various popular explanation methods. In addition, we carry out an online user study with data scientists to understand how they resolve the aforementioned disagreements. Our results indicate that (1) state-of-the-art explanation methods often disagree in terms of the explanations they output, and (2) machine learning practitioners often employ ad hoc heuristics when resolving such disagreements. These findings suggest that practitioners may be relying on misleading explanations when making consequential decisions. They also underscore the importance of developing principled frameworks for effectively evaluating and comparing explanations output by various state-of-the-art methods.
A Deep Dive into the Delta Wave: Forecasting SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic Dynamic in Poland with the pDyn Agent-Based Model
Authors: Niedzielewski Karol , Bartczuk Rafał P. , Bielczyk Natalia , Bogucki Dominik , Dreger Filip , Dudziuk Grzegorz , Górski Łukasz , Gruziel-Słomka Magdalena , Haman Jędrzej , Kaczorek Artur , Kisielewski Jan , Krupa Bartosz , Moszyński Antoni , Nowosielski Jędrzej M. , Radwan Maciej , Semeniuk Marcin , Tymoszuk Urszula , Zieliński Jakub , Rakowski Franciszek 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In this work, we describe and forecast the fourth wave of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, driven by the Delta variant, using pDyn — a detailed epidemiological agent-based model. It is designed to explain the spatiotemporal dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spread across Polish society, predicting the number and locations of disease-related states for agents living in the virtual society in response to varying properties of the pathogen and the social structure and behavior. We evaluate the validity of the dynamics generated by the model, including the succession of pathogen variants, immunization dynamics, and the ratio of vaccinated individuals among confirmed cases. Additionally, we assess the model’s predictive power in estimating pandemic dynamics (peak timing, peak value, and wave length) of disease-related states (number of confirmed cases, hospitalizations, ICU hospitalizations, and deaths) both at the national level and in the highest administrative units in Poland (voivodships).
When testing the model’s validity, we compared real-world data (excluding data used for calibration) to our model estimates to evaluate whether pDyn accurately reproduced the epidemic dynamics up to the simulation time (October 28, 2021). To assess the accuracy of pDyn’s predictions, we retrospectively compared simulation results with real-world data acquired after the simulation date, evaluating pDyn as a tool for predicting future epidemic spread.
Our results indicate that pDyn accurately predicts and can help us better understand the mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2 dynamics.
Efficacy of compression and phlebotropic therapy varicose veins in pregnant women
Authors: Khryshchanovich V. Ya. , Rogovoy N. A. , Skobeleva N. Ya. , Krasko O. V. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Pregnancy is the leading cause of varicose veins(VVs) in women. Therapeutic measures during pregnancy include the wearing of compression hosiery and the phlebotropic therapy.Purpose. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of graduated elastic compression and phlebotropic therapy in pregnant women with VVs.Materials and methods. A total of 88 pregnant women were included, 30 of whom used compression stockings (group 1), 28 women received phlebotonics together with compression (group 2) and 30 were controls. VVs severity was determined using the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS). Quality of life (QoL) was calculated using the Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (CIVIQ-20). The calf circumference was measured with a measuring tape in an orthostatic position.Results and discussion. At the end of the study there was a decrease in VCSS (p < 0.001 and p < 0.008) in both treatment groups, whereas the control group showed an increase in VCSS severity (p < 0.001). At the end of follow-up the QOL score in the treatment groups showed a tendency to improve while the control group showed a decrease in QOL. A bilateral decrease in tibial circumference (p < 0.001) was seen in groups 1 and 2 and the adjuvant phlebotropic treatment was found to be superior in controlling the oedema.Conclusions. The combined use of elastic compression and phlebotonics is more effective in eliminating venous oedema in pregnant women with VVs.
Epidemiology and acute management of high tension electrical burns in a rural-based medical college
Authors: Jain S. , Singla Ch. , Toor S. , Bhatti D. J. , Gupta P. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Electrical burns are one of the most common causes of burns besides flame burns and scalds. High tension electrical burns lead to greater morbidity and mortality. Active management strategies are required to manage high tension electrical burns. Common epidemiological features and surgical management of wounds are described. Role of high ligation in high tension electrical burns has been described.Purpose. To describe the epidemiology, main features of the presentation and acute management of high tension electrical burns.Materials and methods. This study was done for the duration of 2 months. All patients who were admitted with high tension electrical burns were included in the study. Patients’ demographics, mode of injury, % age of burn areas involved, entry-exit wounds were recorded on the day of admission. Emergency fasciotomy was done in cases of impending gangrenous changes inlimbs to prevent compartment syndrome and peripheral neuropathy. Reconstructive surgeries were done depending on thelocation and depth of burns. Results. 64% patients were below 30 years. The majority of the patients who sustained electric burns were males (82.3%). All the patients were from low and middle socioeconomic status according to the modified kuppuswamy scale. The majority of patients sustained electric contact burns (55.8%). The majority of the patients were unskilled workers working in the fields (94.2%). Surgical treatment of all patients includes fasciotomies in 15 patients, debridement/ amputation in 32 patients, reconstructive surgeries in 42 patients.Conclusion. High tension electrical burns are one of the most common causes of burns, especially in rural areas. Public awareness and compliance with safety standards as well as respect for the potentially deleterious effects of electricity are of utmost essential for avoiding these deadly injuries.
A modelling approach to prepare synthetic urine for struvite precipitation studies
Authors: Soltani Saeede , Natividad-Marin Leynard , Schneider Philip Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNutrient recovery from wastewater is an effective strategy to prevent eutrophication and provide value for the treatment process. Human urine is a small but highly nutrient-rich stream in the total flux of domestic wastewater from which struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) could be recovered and used as a fertiliser. Consequently, synthetic urine was used in most struvite precipitation studies, due to biohazard issues in real human urine. A modelling approach was developed to formulate synthetic urine recipes based on elemental urine composition, using matrix solving strategy to select and quantify chemical salts for synthetic urine preparation. The model also included mass balance, chemical speciation, and equilibrium dissociation expression for solution thermodynamics predictions in the formulated urine. In this study, synthetic solutions of fresh and stored urine were assessed with this model using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software to calculate the quantity of salts, pH, ionic strength, and struvite saturation index. Simulation results in EES were successfully verified using PHREEQC simulations, while model validation comprised the examination of urine composition with their reported recipes.
Pegylation, a Successful Strategy to Address the Storage and Instability
Problems of Blood Products: Review 2011-2021
Authors: Mehrizi Tahereh Zadeh , Mirzaei Mehdi , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) to blood proteins and cells has
emerged as a successful approach to address some of the issues attributed to the storage of blood
products, including their short half-life and instability. In this regard, this review study aims to
compare the influence of different PEGylation strategies on the quality of several blood products
like red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, plasma proteins, i.e., albumin, coagulation factor VIII, and
antibodies. The results indicated that conjugating succinimidyl carbonate methoxyPEG
(SCmPEG) to platelets could improve blood transfusion safety by preventing these cells from
being attached to low-load hidden bacteria in blood products. Moreover, coating of 20 kD succin- imidyl valerate (SVA)-mPEG to RBCs was able to extend the half-life and stability of these cells
during storage, as well as immune camouflage their surface antigens to prevent alloimmunisation.
As regards albumin products, PEGylation improved the albumin stability, especially during sterilization,
and there was a relationship between the molecular weight (MW) of PEG molecules and
the biological half-life of the conjugate. Although coating antibodies with short-chain PEG molecules
could enhance their stabilities, these modified proteins were cleared from the blood faster.
Also, branched PEG molecules enhanced the retention and shielding of the fragmented and
bispecific antibodies. Overall, the results of this literature review indicate that PEGylation can be
considered a useful tool for enhancing the stability and storage of blood components.
Aerobic Physical Exercise is Essential for Cardiac Autonomic Regulation
in Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Chronic Treatment with Renin-
Angiotensin System Inhibitors
Authors: de Paula Facioli Tábata , Philbois Stella Vieira , Tank Jens , Gastaldi Ada Clarice , Aguilar Bruno Augusto , da Veiga Oliveira Ana Catarine , Ferreira Lucas Dalvit , de  Souza Hugo Celso Dutra 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Hypertension treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) presents
contradictions about the recovery of damage in cardiovascular autonomic modulation characterized
by reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and increased blood pressure variability (BPV). Conversely,
the association of RASi with physical training can influence achievements in cardiovascular autonomic
modulation.

Objective:
To investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on hemodynamics and cardiovascular
autonomic modulation in hypertensive volunteers untreated and treated with RASi.

Methods:
A non-randomized controlled trial in which 54 men (≅ 40-60 years old) with a history of hypertension
for >2 years were allocated in accordance with their characteristics into three groups: untreated
(Control; n=16), treated with type 1 angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blocker (losartan; n=21), and
treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril; n=17). All participants underwent hemodynamic,
metabolic, and cardiovascular autonomic evaluation using baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and
spectral analysis of HRV and BPV, before and after 16 weeks of supervised aerobic physical training.

Results:
The volunteers treated with RASi had lower BPV and HRV, both in the supine position and in
the tilt test, with the losartan group having the lowest values. Aerobic physical training increased HRV
and BRS in all groups. However, the association of enalapril with physical training appears to be more
prominent.

Conclusion:
Long-term treatment with enalapril and losartan may harm the autonomic modulation of
HRV and BRS. Aerobic physical training is essential to promote positive adjustments in the autonomic
modulation of HRV and BRS in hypertensive patients treated with RASi, especially with enalapril.

Clinical Trial Registration No:
Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8k2dsc).