bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weighted-elite-memory mechanism enhances cooperation in social dilemmas
Authors: Bai Zhongling , Liu Xingwen , Wang Huazhang , Jiang Yulian , Tashi Nyima 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The issue of how to enhance cooperation has been a hot topic of research in evolutionary games for a long time. A mechanism is proposed to facilitate the cooperation behavior of evolutionary groups on networks in three game models, including prisoner's dilemma, snowdrift game, and stag hunt game. The core of the mechanism lies in: 1) Each player has a length of memory and uses the information of the elite in the memory span to update its strategy. 2) Each player has the chance to game with a certain neighbor more than once in each round. 3) The accumulative payoff of a player consists of two parts, one from playing with elites in memory length and another from playing with current neighbors, and a weight is introduced to adjust these two parts. The findings of the simulation demonstrate that a small weight can significantly enhance cooperation in three typical social dilemmas. Furthermore, the level of cooperation increases at first and then stays stable as the memory length increases.
Body Mass Index Trajectories in Children Exposed to Gestational Diabetes in Utero: A Nationwide Register-based Study
Authors: Thøgersen Maja , Nielsen Karoline Kragelund , Wibaek Rasmus , Damm Peter , Jensen Rikke Beck , Nielsen Helene , Maindal Helle Terkildsen , Andersen Gregers Stig 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero are at high risk of developing overweight and obesity, but their postnatal growth trajectories and risk profiles remain unclear.

Objective
We aimed to identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories from birth to 10 years of age in children exposed to GDM and to explore their associations with infant and maternal characteristics.

Methods
This nationwide cohort study linked data from Danish registries on 15 509 children exposed to GDM in utero, born in Denmark from January 2008 to October 2019. We applied latent class trajectory modeling to identify distinct BMI trajectories. Associations of BMI trajectories with infant and maternal characteristics were analyzed using multiple linear regression.

Results
We identified 3 distinct BMI trajectories characterized by a “normal” (60%), a “late accelerating” (28%) and an “early accelerating” (12%) BMI trajectory, the 2 latter at risk of overweight and obesity, respectively, at age 10 years, relative to World Health Organization child growth standards. Children in the “late accelerating” BMI trajectory were more often born large for gestational age (P &lt; .001). More children in the “early accelerating” BMI trajectory were boys, born small for gestational age, and had mothers with a higher pre-pregnancy BMI compared to the other groups (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Children exposed to GDM in utero differ widely in their BMI trajectory. The detection of risk profiles based on early BMI growth and infant and maternal characteristics provides an opportunity for future targeted care and prevention.
Recurrent Hypoglycemia Secondary to Insulinoma in an Adult With Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: Akcan Tugce , Shariff Julia Rose R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by genetic and epigenetic changes on the chromosome 11p15.5 region, which includes genes that are important for fetal and postnatal growth. Children with BWS have a higher chance of having hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and malignancies early in life, although hypoglycemia caused by an insulinoma that develops later in life has not been reported. We describe the diagnosis of insulinoma in a 53-year-old man with BWS in this case report. This is the first case report of insulinoma in an adult with this syndrome.
A Novel Pathogenic MEN1 Gene Variant Identified in a Family With Multiple Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Horikoshi Hirofumi , Arita Junichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Makita Noriko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a hereditary endocrine tumor syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the MEN1 gene, and most patients with this syndrome initially develop primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Here, we report the case of a family wherein a germline MEN1 variant was detected and multiple pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) were observed at the initial evaluation. A 40-year-old woman presented with a complaint of abdominal discomfort, and a close examination revealed multiple pancreatic tumors. Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed, and the diagnosis was nonfunctional PanNETs. Five years later, her 76-year-old mother was referred to the hospital with multiple pancreatic tumors. A genetic test revealed that both patients harbored a previously unreported germline variant in the MEN1 gene. Although it was classified as a variant of uncertain significance, we suspect that it may be associated with the pathogenesis of these lesions. This case report presents a new disease concept—familial isolated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, or FIPNETs—in patients harboring a pathogenic variant in the MEN1 gene who experience only pancreatic lesions. We suggest that clinicians consider genetic testing for the MEN1 gene in patients with multiple pancreatic lesions who show no signs of PHPT.
Human prostate organoid generation and the identification of prostate development drivers using inductive rodent tissues
Authors: Singh Parmveer , Lanman Nadia A. , Kendall Hannah L. R. , Wilson Laura , Long Ryan , Franco Omar E. , Buskin Adriana , Miles Colin G. , Hayward Simon W. , Heer Rakesh , Robson Craig N. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The reactivation of developmental genes and pathways during adulthood may contribute to pathogenesis of diseases such as prostate cancer. Analysis of the mechanistic links between development and disease could be exploited to identify signalling pathways leading to disease in the prostate. However, the mechanisms underpinning prostate development require further characterisation to interrogate fully the link between development and disease. Previously, our group developed methods to produce prostate organoids using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we show that human iPSCs can be differentiated into prostate organoids using neonatal rat seminal vesicle mesenchyme in vitro. The organoids can be used to study prostate development or modified to study prostate cancer. We also elucidated molecular drivers of prostate induction through RNA-sequencing analyses of the rat urogenital sinus and neonatal seminal vesicles. We identified candidate drivers of prostate development evident in the inductive mesenchyme and epithelium involved with prostate specification. Our top candidates included Spx, Trib3, Snai1, Snai2, Nrg2 and Lrp4. This work lays the foundations for further interrogation of the reactivation of developmental genes in adulthood, leading to prostate disease.
Partial male-to-female reprogramming of mouse fetal testis by Sertoli cell ablation
Authors: Imaimatsu Kenya , Hiramatsu Ryuji , Tomita Ayako , Itabashi Hirotsugu , Kanai Yoshiakira 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Temporal transcription profiles of fetal testes with Sertoli cell ablation were examined in 4-day culture using a diphtheria toxin (DT)-dependent cell knockout system in AMH-TRECK transgenic (Tg) mice. RNA analysis revealed that ovarian-specific genes, including Foxl2, were ectopically expressed in DT-treated Tg testis explants initiated at embryonic days 12.5-13.5. FOXL2-positive cells were ectopically observed in two testicular regions: near the testicular surface epithelia and around its adjacent mesonephros. The surface FOXL2-positive cells, together with ectopic expression of Lgr5 and Gng13 (markers of ovarian cords), were derived from the testis epithelia/subepithelia, whereas another FOXL2-positive population was the 3βHSD-negative stroma near the mesonephros. In addition to high expression of Fgfr1/Fgfr2 and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (a reservoir for FGF ligand) in these two sites, exogenous FGF9 additives repressed DT-dependent Foxl2 upregulation in Tg testes. These findings imply retention of Foxl2 inducibility in the surface epithelia and peri-mesonephric stroma of the testicular parenchyma, in which certain paracrine signals, including FGF9 derived from fetal Sertoli cells, repress feminization in these two sites of the early fetal testis.
Food shaped photosynthesis: Photophysiology of the sea slug Elysia viridis fed with two alternative chloroplast donors
Authors: Morelli Luca , Cartaxana Paulo , Cruz Sónia 
Published: June 2023

Background: Some Sacoglossa sea slugs integrate intracellular chloroplasts derived from the algae they feed on, a process termed kleptoplasty. The stolen chloroplasts – kleptoplasts – can maintain their functionality up to several months and support animal metabolism. However, chloroplast longevity can vary depending on sea slug species and algal donor. In this study, we focus our attention on Elysia viridis, a polyphagous species that is mostly found associated to the macroalga Codium tomentosum, but that was reported to eat other macroalgae, including Chaetomorpha sp. Methods: We have investigated the changes in E. viridis physiology when provided with the two different food sources to evaluate to which extent the photosynthetic and photoprotective mechanisms of the algae chloroplasts matched those of the plastids once in the animal cells. To perform the study, we rely on the evaluation of chlorophyll a variable fluorescence to study the photophysiologic state of the integrated kleptoplasts and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to study variations in the photosynthetic pigments. Results: We observed that the photosynthetic efficiency of E. viridis specimens is similar to the one of the respective algal donor but specimens fed with Chaetomorpha tend to have lower performances. Significant differences appear in the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) abilities. While sea slugs fed with C. tomentosum react to high-light stress as the algae, E. viridis hosting Chaetomorpha chloroplasts are unable to properly recover from photoinhibition or perform a functional xanthophyll cycle (XC). Conclusions: Our results showed that, even if the sea slugs fed with the two algae show photosynthetic activities like the respective algal donors, not all the photoprotective mechanisms present in Chaetomorpha can be maintained in E. viridis. This indicates that the functionality of the kleptoplasts does not depend solely on their origin but also on the degree of compatibility with the animal species integrating them.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Autonomous Network Functions that Use Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: Narayanan Premnath K. , Harrison David K. 
Published: June 2023

Autonomous network functions such as Software Defined Networks (SDN), Self-Organizing Networks (SON), and virtual function network orchestrator plays a crucial role in 5G and beyond 5G wireless telecommunication network. Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, and frameworks have led to adequate adaption of stochastic algorithms for autonomous network functions, aimed at performing better than human capability. Measuring the effectiveness of such autonomous network functions is a challenge since stochastic algorithms are fundamentally generalized models and could potentially make malicious proposals. Traditionally effectiveness of network is measured through network assurance Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Autonomous network functions are kept active when the KPIs are in the acceptable limit, and the network is showing improvement over time. This paper introduces
• Factors that are to be considered beyond KPIs for effective measurement of autonomous network functions that use stochastic algorithms.
• Adopting the right scales for measuring the effectiveness of autonomous network functions using the grading system from medical practices which are used for the treatment of critical illness.
Fluoro-sulfo-phosphate fiber with long-wavelength gain for an L-band laser
Authors: Ji Yao , Zhu Jinzhong , Zhang Runsen , Xiong Zhijin , Wei Xiaoming , Wang Weichao , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: June 2023

In this work, a self-developed Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fluoro-sulfo-phosphate (FSP) fiber with long-wavelength gain characteristics has been reported. The mixed-ion strategy manipulates the ligands of rare-earth ions, leading to a broad gain bandwidth (almost twice that of phosphate fiber) and excellent amplification ability at the extended wavelength (>2dB/cm at the L-band). As showcases of its features, a 1617-nm fiber laser based on a 1-cm-long FSP fiber is constructed. Furthermore, an all-fiber-integrated L-band passively mode-locked laser based on a 2.2-cm-long fiber with a fundamental repetition rate of 4.3 GHz is demonstrated. The generated pulse exhibits a high signal-to-noise ratio larger than 80 dB in the radio-frequency domain and a low relative intensity noise of 0.04%.
Color restoration based on digital pathology image
Authors: Sun Guoxin , Yan Xiong , Wang Huizhe , Li Fei , Yang Rui , Xu Jing , Liu Xin , Li Xiaomao , Zou Xiao 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Protective color restoration of faded digital pathology images based on color transfer algorithm.

Methods
Twenty fresh tissue samples of invasive breast cancer from the pathology department of Qingdao Central Hospital in 2021 were screened. After HE staining, HE stained sections were irradiated with sunlight to simulate natural fading, and every 7 days was a fading cycle, and a total of 8 cycles were experienced. At the end of each cycle, the sections were digitally scanned to retain clear images, and the color changes of the sections during the fading process were recorded. The color transfer algorithm was applied to restore the color of the faded images; Adobe Lightroom Classic software presented the histogram of the image color distribution; UNet++ cell recognition segmentation model was used to identify the color restored images; Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), Information Entropy (Entropy), and Average Gradient (AG) were applied to evaluate the quality of the restored images.

Results
The restored image color met the diagnostic needs of pathologists. Compared with the faded images, the NIQE value decreased (P<0.05), Entropy value increased (P<0.01), and AG value increased (P<0.01). The cell recognition rate of the restored image was significantly improved.

Conclusion
The color transfer algorithm can effectively repair faded pathology images, restore the color contrast between nucleus and cytoplasm, improve the image quality, meet the diagnostic needs and improve the cell recognition rate of the deep learning model.
Translation termination in human mitochondria – substrate specificity of mitochondrial release factors
Authors: Nadler Franziska , Richter-Dennerlein Ricarda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mitochondria are the essential players in eukaryotic ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, which relies on the maintenance and accurate expression of the mitochondrial genome. Even though the basic principles of translation are conserved due to the descendance from a bacterial ancestor, some deviations regarding translation factors as well as mRNA characteristics and the applied genetic code are present in human mitochondria. Together, these features are certain challenges during translation the mitochondrion has to handle. Here, we discuss the current knowledge regarding mitochondrial translation focusing on the termination process and the associated quality control mechanisms. We describe how mtRF1a resembles bacterial RF1 mechanistically and summarize in vitro and recent in vivo data leading to the conclusion of mtRF1a being the major mitochondrial release factor. On the other hand, we discuss the ongoing debate about the function of the second codon-dependent mitochondrial release factor mtRF1 regarding its role as a specialized termination factor. Finally, we link defects in mitochondrial translation termination to the activation of mitochondrial rescue mechanisms highlighting the importance of ribosome-associated quality control for sufficient respiratory function and therefore for human health.
Effect of Carbon Partitioning on Abnormal Martensite Hardening in a Conventional Quench and Temper Medium Silicon Low Alloy Steel under Ferrite-Martensite Dual-Phase Microstructure
Authors: Khajesarvi A. , Ghasemi Banadkouki S. S. , Sajjadi S. A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this research work was to investigate the effect of carbon partitioning within ferrite and prior austenite (martensite) during progress of ferrite formation and consequently its relation to the associated martensite hardening in a medium silicon low alloy conventional quench and temper steel. For this aim, several ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) samples containing various volume fractions of ferrite and martensite microphases were developed. The X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy with spot and line-scan X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for carbon analysis were used in conjunction with light microscopy and hardness test to follow the variation of carbon partitioning within ferrite and prior austenite (martensite) regions and consequently the associated martensite hardening in the DP samples.
The effect of education based on health belief model on high-risk health behaviors in youth: an interventional quasi-experimental study
Authors: Zahmatkesh Rokhi Nasrin , Ebrahimzadeh Zagami Samira , Moradi Maryam , Mazloum Seyed Reza 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The present study was designed to determine the effect of education based on health belief model (HBM) on high-risk health behaviors in youth.

Methods
This interventional quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020–2021 with the participation of 62 students living in the dormitories of University of Mashhad Medical Sciences with available sampling and random allocation in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received six training sessions. The research instruments included: demographic information, researcher-made questionnaire including HBM constructs, youth high-risk behaviors questionnaire (2019) that were used before, immediately and one month after the educations. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and ANOVA with SPSS 21.

Results
The mean scores in the field of high-risk behaviors as well as all constructs of HBM were not statistically significant in the two groups before the intervention (p>0.05), but the mean scores immediately and one month after the educational intervention in all constructs of the HBM and the range of high-risk behaviors (other than smoking behavior) in the experimental group compared to the control group was statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusions
Education based on HBM was effective in reducing high-risk health behaviors, so this educational model can be used to reduce high-risk health behaviors in female students.
The nilpotent genus of finitely generated residually nilpotent groups
Authors: O’Sullivan Niamh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Let 𝐺 and 𝐻 be residually nilpotent groups.
Then 𝐺 and 𝐻 are in the same nilpotent genus if they have the same lower central quotients (up to isomorphism).
A potentially stronger condition is that 𝐻 is para-𝐺 if there exists a monomorphism of 𝐺 into 𝐻 which induces isomorphisms between the corresponding quotients of their lower central series.
We first consider finitely generated residually nilpotent groups and find sufficient conditions on the monomorphism so that 𝐻 is para-𝐺.
We then prove that, for certain polycyclic groups, if 𝐻 is para-𝐺, then 𝐺 and 𝐻 have the same Hirsch length.
We also prove that the pro-nilpotent completions of these polycyclic groups are locally polycyclic.
Sudden cardiac death in a young male endurance athlete
Authors: Seely Kevin D. , Crockett Kentlee B. , Nigh Andrew 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare yet devastating event that can occur in young athletes. Although hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of SCD, some other genetic abnormalities have been identified as proarrhythmic. However, there is not routine screening for these other genetic abnormalities. Furthermore, consumption of caffeine, stimulant medication, or prolonged exercise can potentiate the underlying arrhythmic potential. In the event of SCD, advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) should be performed immediately and exactly. The authors present a case of an otherwise healthy young male who collapsed during a marathon and could not be resuscitated despite aggressive measures. After aggressive resuscitative efforts, the patient ultimately expired. A postmortem autopsy revealed no cardiac structural abnormalities, and the cause of death was determined to be cardiac arrhythmia of undetermined etiology. Postmortem genetic testing revealed a heterozygous variation in calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2 (CACNB2), a gene associated with arrhythmia and calcium channelopathy. Toxicology showed therapeutic levels of amphetamine. This case highlights the eminent risk of cardiac death in young athletes with proarrhythmic genetic variations, especially in the setting of endurance sport.
The Permeafor: A Rapid Tool for Field Hydraulic Conductivity Testing in Granular Soils
Authors: Wuebbolt Steven L. , Lefebvre Alexander P. , Souza Bruma , Benoît Jean , Reiffsteck Philippe , MacAdam Noah C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There are currently several in situ and laboratory methods of determining the hydraulic conductivity of soils. However, it remains difficult to obtain representative hydraulic conductivity profiles rapidly and economically, especially on projects in which values are required over large areas and at numerous depths. Furthermore, there is an emerging need in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering to profile this parameter in situ, such as for the design of water infiltration systems and retention ponds or for evaluation of contaminant fate and transport, which has resulted in a greater demand to improve existing methods or develop new, rapid, and reliable techniques. A proposed alternative to measure hydraulic conductivity in granular soils is to use a Permeafor, an instrument originally developed in France to evaluate variations in hydraulic conductivity in situ. This variation is assessed by observing water flow into the soil, at any given depth, under an applied hydraulic head. The ratio of flow to hydraulic head is used as an indicator of hydraulic conductivity variations with depth. A Permeafor system was designed, built, and field tested at several sites across New Hampshire. The results from more than 120 field tests at sites with granular soils demonstrated the potential of the Permeafor to rapidly generate profiles of hydraulic conductivity. The Permeafor is a useful tool in bridging the gap between time-consuming testing of few locations and large-scale hydraulic conductivity testing. This article introduces the Permeafor design, its supporting equipment, and control software and provides some examples of results obtained at a test site in New Hampshire.