bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain wall motion at low current density in a synthetic antiferromagnet nanowire
Authors: E A Barker Christopher , Finizio Simone , Haltz Eloi , Mayr Sina , Shepley Philippa M , Moore Thomas A , Burnell Gavin , Raabe Jörg , Marrows Christopher H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The current-driven motion of magnetic domain walls (DWs) is the working principle of magnetic racetrack memories. In this type of spintronic technology, high current densities are used to propel DW motion in magnetic nanowires, causing significant wire heating that corresponds to wasted energy. Synthetic antiferromagnets are known to show very fast DW motion at high current densities, but lower current densities around onset of motion have received less attention. Here we use scanning transmission x-ray microscopy to study the response of DWs in a SAF multilayer to short current pulses. We observe that the DWs depin at

(
3.5
±
0.4
)
×

10

11

A m−2 and move more quickly in response to 5 ns duration current pulses than in comparable multilayers that lack antiferromagnetic coupling. The results suggest that DWs in SAF structures are superior to conventional Néel DWs for low energy consumption racetrack technologies.
A subwavelength ventilated structure for efficient broadband sound insulation
Authors: Hong Guangfu , Sun Yingjian , Tang Yucong , Yuan Xujin , Yang Jun , Jin Zhongkun , Jia Han 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multifunctional structures such as ventilated sound barriers, have become the focus of recent research on the noise reduction and environmental comfort. However, its large size and complex inner structure hinder its potential applications. Novel structures with side-branch sectorial Helmholtz resonators and double-layered perforated slit plates enlightened by macro-perforated plates to enhance the soundproof performance and facilitate natural ventilation are proposed and experimentally validated. Compared with simple muffler ducts, the combinations with slit plates provide a smoother transmission loss (TL) curve with a broad and continuous TL band. We also study the influences of the independent parts and interactive effects of the assembly on the sound field, including the frequency migration and plate vibration. The proposed sub-wavelength structures with a thickness of 15 mm can obtain TL values up to 25 dB with a broad bandwidth from 930 Hz to 1600 Hz. Moreover, soundproof walls can be fabricated by using these structures with plenty of ventilated slits to freely exchange air and heat. This ventilation sound barrier is suitable for acoustic landscape buildings as it covers the main frequency spectrum of a human equal loudness contour.
Plasmonic gold disk nanoarrays-based surface lattice resonance sensor with high figure of merit and its near-field and far-field coupling characteristics
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Shu-Shuai , Wang Lei , Zhao Wan-Ming , Yin Xiang-Yu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the field of localized surface plasmon resonance sensing, narrow linewidth, high-quality factor, and high absorptivity have always been the goals that researchers are committed to achieving. The primary methods for achieving this goal are near-field coupling and far-field coupling. Due to the limitations of nanomanufacturing processes, current research often only focuses on single coupling methods such as far-field coupling or near-field coupling, with few relevant reports combining the two coupling methods. Based on this, this paper proposes a single-layer gold nano-disk array structure, which is simple and easy to manufacture. Through modal field analysis and structural parameter adjustment, some significant results have been achieved. On the one hand, the suggested gold nano-disk array structure yields a resonant peak based on far-field coupling with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 0.05 nm and a figure of merit of more than 15 000

RI

U

−
1

(the quality factor is more than 20 000). On the other hand, it has been successfully accomplished to combine near-field coupling and far-field coupling, leading to a composite coupling peak that incorporates the benefits of both types of coupling. Moreover, this coupling peak has excellent characteristics such as narrow FWHM (less than 3 nm) and high absorptivity (up to 80.5%), which is superior to most reported sensing structures and more in line with practical sensing application requirements. In this paper, the potential of the gold disk array structure as a high-performance sensing structure is further explored, providing reference and new ideas for the design of easy-to-prepare and high-performance electromagnetic resonance devices.
Influence of single-particle energy on inclusive electron scattering
Authors: Wang Hongkai , Su Qiang , Xu Chang , Ren Zhongzhou , Liu Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Extensive studies have been carried out over the past decades to explore the impacts of nucleon momentum distributions (NMDs) on the inclusive electron scattering

(
e
,

e

′

)

process. Nevertheless, there remains limited research about the effects of the single-particle energy level distributions E
s.p.(β) on

(
e
,

e

′

)

reaction. For a given nucleus, the E
s.p.(β) of different deformations exhibits distinct changes. In this paper, we investigate the influences of the E
s.p.(β) of distinct deformations on

(
e
,

e

′

)

process. Using the plane-wave impulse approximation method, we calculate the

(
e
,

e

′

)

cross sections of different deformed configurations. The corresponding E
s.p.(β) and NMDs are obtained from the deformed relativistic mean-field model. It is found that the theoretical

(
e
,

e

′

)

cross sections show moderate dependence on the E
s.p.(β) of distinct deformations. This is due to the conservation of energy, which restricts the number of nucleons participating in the

(
e
,

e

′

)

process of diverse deformed configurations. The studies in this paper can provide useful guides for future lepton-nucleus scattering experiments.
Synthesis and investigation of structural, elastic, and electrical properties of cobalt and magnesium substituted Ni–Zn spinel ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Hasan Sarwar , Azhdar Bruska 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The sol–gel auto-combustion approach was used to create Ni0.4M0.2Zn0.4Fe2O4 (M = Ni2+, Mg2+, and Co2+) nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and an inductance–capacitance–resistance (LCR) meter were used to analyse the samples’ structural, elastic, and electrical properties. In all samples, the XRD patterns obtained indicated the formation of a monophasic cubic spinel structure with no identifiable impurity phase, which was supported by EDS investigations. The introduction of substituting ions, specifically Mg2+ and Co2+, into Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles results in an increase in the lattice parameter. The lattice parameter for Ni–Zn is 8.377 Å, while for the substituted nanoparticles it is 8.389 and 8.388 Å for Mg2+ and Co2+ respectively. Additionally, the crystallite size of the substituted nanoparticles increases to 46.57 nm from 40.75 nm for Ni–Zn. However, the x-ray density of the substituted nanoparticles decreases to 5.180 and 5.337 g cm−3 for Mg2+ and Co2+ respectively, from 5.358 g cm−3 for Ni–Zn. The elastic parameters, such as the Young’s modulus, Debye temperature, bulk modulus, and rigidity modulus, were calculated. The good elastic characteristics of Ni–Zn ferrite were confirmed and may be explained by the lower lattice parameter values and smaller crystallite sizes. Temperature and frequency effects on dielectric behaviour and AC electrical conductivity (σ
AC) were investigated. At ambient temperature, the dielectric characteristics, specifically the dielectric constant (ϵ′) and loss tangent (tanδ), were computed over a frequency range of 100–2 MHz. The compositions display normal dielectric properties, which are attributed to the interfacial polarisation following the Maxwell–Wagner model. The AC conductivity of nanoparticles was shown to decrease when Mg2+ and Co2+ were substituted into Ni–Zn ferrite. Furthermore, the AC conductivity diminishes with decreasing frequency, which is a sign of ionic conductivity. There was a direct relationship between the temperature and the values of ϵ′, tanδ, and σ
AC for different ions.
Cahn–Hilliard–Brinkman model for tumor growth with possibly singular potentials
Authors: Colli Pierluigi , Gilardi Gianni , Signori Andrea , Sprekels Jürgen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We analyze a phase field model for tumor growth consisting of a Cahn–Hilliard–Brinkman system, ruling the evolution of the tumor mass, coupled with an advection-reaction-diffusion equation for a chemical species acting as a nutrient. The main novelty of the paper concerns the discussion of the existence of weak solutions to the system covering all the meaningful cases for the nonlinear potentials; in particular, the typical choices given by the regular, the logarithmic, and the double obstacle potentials are admitted in our treatise. Compared to previous results related to similar models, we suggest, instead of the classical no-flux condition, a Dirichlet boundary condition for the chemical potential appearing in the Cahn–Hilliard-type equation. Besides, abstract growth conditions for the source terms that may depend on the solution variables are postulated.
4D dosimetric-blood flow model: impact of prolonged fraction delivery times of IMRT on the dose to the circulating lymphocytes
Authors: Hammi Abdelkhalek 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To investigate the impact of prolonged fraction delivery of modern intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on the accumulated dose to the circulating blood during the course of fractionated radiation therapy. We have developed a 4D dosimetric blood flow model (d-BFM) capable of continuously simulating the blood flow through the entire body of the cancer patient and scoring the accumulated dose to blood particles (BPs). We developed a semi-automatic approach that enables us to map the tortuous blood vessels of the surficial brain of individual patients directly from standard magnetic resonance imaging data of the patient. For the rest of the body, we developed a fully-fledged dynamic blood flow transfer model according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection human reference. We proposed a methodology enabling us to design a personalized d-BFM, such it can be tailored for individual patients by adopting intra- and inter-subject variations. The entire circulatory model tracks over 43 million BPs and has a time resolution of

∆
t

= 10−3 s. A dynamic dose delivery model was implemented to emulate the spatial and temporal time-varying pattern of the dose rate during the step-and-shoot mode of IMRT. We evaluated how different configurations of the dose rate delivery, and a time prolongation of fraction delivery may impact the dose received by the circulating blood (CB).Our calculations indicate that prolonging the fraction treatment time from 7 to 18 min will augment the blood volume receiving any dose

V

D
>
0
Gy

from 36.1% to 81.5% during one single fraction. The results indicate that increasing the segment number has only a negligible effect on the irradiated blood volume, when the fraction time is kept identical. We developed a novel concept of customized 4D d-BFM that can be tailored to the hemodynamics of individual patients to quantify dose to the CB during fractionated radiotherapy. The prolonged fraction delivery and the variability of the instantaneous dose rate have a significant impact on the accumulated dose distribution during IMRT treatments. This impact should be considered during IMRT treatments design to reduce RT-induced immunosuppressive effects.
Predicting dice similarity coefficient of deformably registered contours using Siamese neural network
Authors: Yeap Ping Lin , Wong Yun Ming , Ong Ashley Li Kuan , Tuan Jeffrey Kit Loong , Pang Eric Pei Ping , Park Sung Yong , Lee James Cheow Lei , Tan Hong Qi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Automatic deformable image registration (DIR) is a critical step in adaptive radiotherapy. Manually delineated organs-at-risk (OARs) contours on planning CT (pCT) scans are deformably registered onto daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans for delivered dose accumulation. However, evaluation of registered contours requires human assessment, which is time-consuming and subjects to high inter-observer variability. This work proposes a deep learning model that allows accurate prediction of Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) of registered contours in prostate radiotherapy. Approach. Our dataset comprises 20 prostate cancer patients with 37–39 daily CBCT scans each. The pCT scans and planning contours were deformably registered to each corresponding CBCT scan to generate virtual CT (vCT) scans and registered contours. The DSC score, which is a common contour-based validation metric for registration quality, between the registered and manual contours were computed. A Siamese neural network was trained on the vCT-CBCT image pairs to predict DSC. To assess the performance of the model, the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the actual and predicted DSC were computed. Main results. The model showed promising results for predicting DSC, giving RMSE of 0.070, 0.079 and 0.118 for rectum, prostate, and bladder respectively on the holdout test set. Clinically, a low RMSE implies that the predicted DSC can be reliably used to determine if further DIR assessment from physicians is required. Considering the event where a registered contour is classified as poor if its DSC is below 0.6 and good otherwise, the model achieves an accuracy of 92% for the rectum. A sensitivity of 0.97 suggests that the model can correctly identify 97% of poorly registered contours, allowing manual assessment of DIR to be triggered. Significance. We propose a neural network capable of accurately predicting DSC of deformably registered OAR contours, which can be used to evaluate eligibility for plan adaptation.
ICRH assisted breakdown study on JET
Authors: Sun H J , Wauters T , Lomas P J , Lerche E , Monakhov I , Noble C , De Vries P C , Silburn S , Kim H T , Kirov K , Coffey I , Siren P , Thomas B , Boboc A , Palamartchouk K , Szepesi G , Joffrin E , Labit B , McDonald D C , Contributors JET 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ion cyclotron (IC) wave assisted breakdown has the potential to increase the robustness of plasma initiation during the ITER pre-fusion operation phase. Studies were performed at JET at ITER relevant loop electric field,

E

loop

≲
0.33

Vm

−
1

, and a range of toroidal fields, including at the low toroidal field of

1.7

T

for which breakdown had not been achieved previously on JET. The study covered a range of H2 and D2 gas prefill pressures and timings, pumping conditions, and residual impurity levels. IC assisted breakdown was achieved for a lower and wider range of gas prefill pressures. IC assisted breakdown works by activating wall pumping before the current rise, changing the relation between fuelling and torus pressure in this phase compared to Ohmic breakdown. IC assisted breakdown enables plasma initiation with a higher level and significantly wider range of injected plasma prefill gas. As the injected prefill gas is the controlled parameter, this significantly improves the robustness of plasma initiation operationally. IC assistance is found to be more robust at ITER-like

E

loop

, succeeding with higher low-Z impurity content. Moreover, it does not introduce an impurity source that may hamper the subsequent burn though and current ramp-up phase. For both the IC assisted and pure Ohmic breakdown, the initial current rise rate is found to scale with

n
e

/

E

loop

. The results and implications for ITER are presented.
Surface production of negative deuterium ions from plasma-exposed boron doped diamond and graphite: work function measurements using photoemission yield spectroscopy
Authors: Magee Ryan , Maurice Brandan , Demiane Joey , layet Jean-Marc , Gans Timo , Dedrick James P , Cartry Gilles 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Negative-ion sources are of considerable interest for applications such as materials processing and neutral beam injection for magnetic confinement fusion. The efficient production of negative ions in these sources often relies on surface production. Work function measurements are critical to enable a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that underpin this. In this study we used a combination of photoemission yield spectroscopy and the Fowler method to determine the work functions of boron doped diamond (BDD) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) directly after exposure to a low-pressure inductively coupled deuterium plasma (150 W, 2 Pa). A magnetised retarding field energy analyser is used to measure the negative ion current from the samples. During plasma exposure, samples are biased at −130 V or −60 V and their temperature is varied between 50 ∘C and 750 ∘C. The results show that the increasing work function of the plasma exposed HOPG occurs over the same sample temperature range as the decreasing negative-ion current. In contrast, the work function of BDD does not show a clear relationship with negative-ion current, suggesting that different mechanisms influence the negative-ion production of metal-like HOPG and dielectric-like BDD. The necessity for an additional fitting parameter for the Fowler fits to BDD suggests that its electronic properties are changing under plasma exposure, unlike HOPG. For both materials, the maximum photocurrent measured from the samples displays a strong similarity with negative-ion current, suggesting they are driven by a common mechanism. The in-situ measurement of the work function using non-invasive techniques is of interest for the development of negative ion sources.
Fabrication and performance of Nb3Sn superconducting joints
Authors: Sun Wanshuo , Wang Lei , Chen Shunzhong , Cheng Junsheng , Wang Qiuliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nb3Sn superconducting joints were developed, and the joint characteristics were investigated. The joints were prepared by powder metallurgy to sinter the precursor powders that were mechanically alloyed. The optimized parameters were confirmed through x-ray diffraction studies to confirm the stoichiometry of Nb, Sn, and Cu. First, the precursor powders after mechanical alloying were heat treated without the Nb3Sn wires. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to quantify the crystal morphology, phase distribution, grain boundaries, physical grain orientation, and so on. Small equiaxed Nb3Sn grains were formed after heat treatment. The high-angle grain boundaries in Nb3Sn indicated the complete solid-state diffusion reaction. After the Nb3Sn was successfully prepared, and the superconducting characteristics were measured, we introduce the Nb3Sn wires to prepare Nb3Sn joints and measure their electrical properties. To use the space as economically as possible, the joint was tested under different background fields to estimate the joint resistance under various locations in the magnet. The experimental method and the test results are reported in this work. The joint resistance was tested by using the current decay measure method. The electrical resistance of the Nb3Sn–Nb3Sn joints was on the 10−13 Ω level under the 5.5 T magnetic field.
A general method for generating multi-scroll and multi-wing chaotic systems and its implementation of attractor reproduction
Authors: He Ping , Liu Hongwei , Li Guodong , Xu Xiangliang , Gu Yujuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In comparison to traditional chaotic systems, the multi-scroll and multi-wing chaotic systems are more complicated. The design and execution of sophisticated multi-scroll or multi-wing chaotic attractors attract a lot of attention. However, these constructed nonlinear functions cannot be applied to extended multi-scroll and multi-wing attractors at the same time. To this end, this paper proposes a new function which can be used to generate multi-scroll and multi-wing chaotic attractors in both double-scroll and double-wing chaotic systems. Using this function, multi-scroll and multi-wing chaotic systems can be constructed directly without relying on whether the chaotic system has some symmetry (odd symmetry or even symmetry). The construction method presented is generally applicable to chaotic systems with multi-scroll and multi-wing self-excited attractors.The main point of this method is as follows: firstly, the piecewise linear (PWL) saturation function is nested within the cosine nonlinearity function , and the resulting nested COS-PWL function. Secondly, to enable the expansion of multi-wing and multi-scroll, the nested COS-PWL function is incorporated into the double-wing and double-scroll systems in different manners. The maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE) and the bifurcation diagram route for increasing the number of wings and scrolls confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. Finally, the three-element method is used to determine a Sinusoidal function, which can generate attractor self-reproduction in the corresponding dimension by replacing the state variables of the multi-scroll and multi-wing systems, so that an infinite number of coexisting attractors can be obtained by simply changing the initial values of the variables, i.e., multiple stability can be generated.
Geometric spin Hall effect and polarization-dependent transformations in the oblique section of a paraxial light beam
Authors: Bekshaev A Y , Ternovsky V B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The spatial structure of light beams is usually considered in the transverse cross sections but supplementary analysis of the field pattern across an oblique plane may disclose additional details of the internal beam structure and energy flow distributions. Their manifestations are known as ‘geometric spin Hall effect of light’ (gSHEL). We analyze the ‘practical’ gSHEL scheme in which the light energy distribution is registered by a detector whose input plane is inclined with respect to the propagation axis. Based on the vector beam model and using the formalism of optical Wigner matrices, we find that the oblique-plane energy distribution differs from that observed in the transverse cross section. This difference is associated with the azimuthal energy circulation and the orbital angular momentum (AM) of the beam; it can be expressed as the lateral shift of the mean-weighted beam position (beam centroid). The similar effect can be observed in elliptically polarized beams without orbital AM: there, the oblique-section projection reveals a specific asymmetry induced by the spin AM in the longitudinal field components of such beams. The polarization-induced oblique-section beam shift is rather weak in paraxial approximation but can be observable if the light-detecting procedure is selectively sensitive to the longitudinal optical-field component.
A novel approach for numerical treatment of traveling wave solution of ion acoustic waves as a fractional nonlinear evolution equation on Shehu transform environment
Authors: Jena Saumya Ranjan , Sahu Itishree 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we develop and employ an efficient numerical technique for traveling wave solution of the Time Fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (TFZK) equation, also known as the nonlinear evolution equation, using the Modified Adomian Decomposition Approach (MADA) in collaboration with the cubic order convergence of the Newton-Raphson method (also known as the improvised Newton-Raphson method) on the Shehu Transform environment (STE). In the current study, the time fractional Caputo-Fabrizio Derivative (CFD) is used in singular and non-singular kernel derivatives to address the influence of fractional parameters. Some of the current numerical and analytical results are displayed utilizing 3D plots, while others are depicted in the form of a legend 2D plots for comparison. To validate the robustness of the current approach, the uniqueness, stability, and convergence analyses are described. The current result is compared to the analytical solution as well as previous solutions in order to demonstrate the efficiency of our suggested technique.