bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances Related to Anomeric and Exo-anomeric Effects in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Filho João Rufino de Freitas , Freitas Jucleiton José Rufino de , Neto Pedro Ramos de Souza , Souza Fabrícia Aparecida Marques de , Ferreira Adiel Soares , Silva Anne Gabrielle Marques da , Lopes Francisco Antonio Mabson Henrique , Moraes Marcilio Martins de , Ramos Clécio Souza , Oliveira Ronaldo Nascimentos de 
Published: September 2023

The anomeric effect in carbohydrate chemistry is known as the interaction between the OHd substituent at the anomeric position to favor an axial orientation rather than an equatorial one, despite the increased 1,3-diaxial interactions. In the anomeric effect, a sugar ring is stabilized by an electronegative substituent at the C1 carbon, also known as the anomeric carbon. The stabilization is thought to result from interactions between lone electron pairs on oxygen and a C1 antibonding orbital. On the other hand, the anomeric effect can be of two types: endo-anomeric and exo-anomeric. The effect is called endo-anomeric when the lone pair comes from the oxygen atom in the sugar ring and exo-anomeric when the lone pair comes from oxygen in a substituent on C1. Several factors influence the anomeric effect. In this way, this review aims to describe the recent advances in main theories, observations, and advances achieved in the last decades related to the anomeric effect.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Serialized Barcode Printing Solution for Drug Traceability: An Architectural Design and Approach
Authors: Sarkar Shambhu 
Published: September 2023

Medicine serialization seems to be a key to both counterfeiting and the complex supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry, including recalls and returns. Though there are countries that use serialization as a legal necessity, it is still a developing topic within the industry. Serialization is not just for anti-counterfeit technology but also to use supply chain and stock management more proficiently. The design of the Barcode is a fundamental requirement as per Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) guidelines for serialized products. Encoding Barcodes on pharmaceutical drugs with critical product attributes is necessary for tracking and validating product sources. Since the serialization guidelines are regulated, small-scale pharmaceutical companies are struggling to comply with regulations due to heavy investments. Printing Serialized labels with barcodes required specialized third-party systems and software. The cost of third-party systems that integrate with ERP and Serialized systems for exchanging data is very expensive. On the other hand, the operational and sustainability costs of these systems will be an additional year-to-year cost for the company.
Aim: This Study investigated the feasibility of designing a barcode printing solution for drug traceability.
Material and Method: A case study has been carried out at a USA-based generic pharmaceutical company to print serialized labels using their enterprise Resource planning (ERP) integrated with the packaging line.
Result: This dynamic solution for serialized label printing saves the company a significant number of resources and money, as they do not need to buy any specialized third-party system to print the label or send back the product to the packaging line.
Conclusion: In this paper, we implement and validate a dynamic solution to print 2D data matrix and 1D Linear barcodes successfully within an ERP system by eliminating the need for a specialized third-party printing system.
Vulnerability of Older Adults to Government Impersonation Scams
Authors: Yu Lei , Mottola Gary , Kieffer Christine N. , Mascio Robert , Valdes Olivia , Bennett David A. , Boyle Patricia A. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceFinancial fraud and scams targeting older adults are on the rise and pose serious public health and economic threats. Research on the vulnerability of older adults to fraud and scams relies almost exclusively on self-reported data, which have several intrinsic limitations. Thus, how older adults truly respond to fraud attempts remains unclear.ObjectiveTo explore the vulnerability of older adults to a US government impersonation scam.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study, conducted from October to December 2021 among communities in the greater Chicago metropolitan area, was framed as a fictitious government agency reaching out to older adults about a potential compromise of personal information relevant to their Social Security and Medicare benefits. Participants were older adults participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, an ongoing cohort study of chronic conditions of aging. Data analysis was performed from February to August 2023.ExposuresParticipants were exposed to deceptive materials through mailers, emails, and phone calls by a live agent.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBased on the phone call data, participants were classified into 3 groups: no engagement (participants who did not answer the phone or call in), engagement (those who answered or called in but were skeptical about the legitimacy of the outreach and did not give away personal information), and conversion (participants who answered or called in without skepticism, or confirmed that they did not change their personal information, or provided the last 4 digits of their Social Security number).ResultsA total of 644 older adults (501 [77.8%] female, 143 [22.2%] male), with a mean (SD) age of 85.6 (7.5) years, were included. A total of 441 (68.5%) participants did not engage, 97 (15.1%) engaged but raised skepticism, and 106 (16.4%) converted. Older adults who engaged but with skepticism had the highest cognition and financial literacy, while those in the conversion group had the lowest scam awareness. No differences were observed in psychological and other behavioral measures by the levels of engagement.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study using a behavioral experiment that mimicked a real-world imposter scam, a sizable number of older adults engaged without skepticism. Results suggest that many older adults, including those without cognitive impairment, are vulnerable to fraud and scams.
Health‐Based Emergency Guidelines
Authors: Cavender Finis L. , Gordon Terry 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Emergency health‐based limits were demanded worldwide following the Bhopal, India disaster in December 1984 when 30 tons of methyl isocyanate were released in an act of sabotage killing some 3500 residents. Prior to 1987, the only short‐term limits readily available were the NIOSH IDLHs which were used to assist workers in selecting respiratory protection. No guidance levels existed for the general public. In 1987, the American Industrial Hygiene Association sponsored the development of Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (EPRGs) as health‐based levels for the general public for a 1‐h exposure following an industrial accident, act of terrorism, or transportation incidents such as a train derailment or tanker truck traffic accident. Such incidents would be rare, perhaps once in a lifetime, and would present an exposure scenario in which the dispersion cloud would present an immediate threat to health for 1 h during which the public escape further exposure or shelter in place. EPA and other government agencies developed Acute Emergency Guidance Levels (AEGLs) from 1996–2011. No AEGLs are being developed, completed, or updated since 2011. For ERPGs and AEGLs, there are three levels of concern: Level‐3—threshold for lethality; Level‐2—threshold for incapacitation or irreversible toxicity; and Level‐1—threshold for mild toxicity or offensive odor. Acute inhalation toxicity data in animals provides important information for Level‐3, while incapacitation data and the onset in irreversible toxicity are important Level‐2 considerations. Irritation and annoyance data are important in setting Level‐1.
Flame Retardant Chemicals
Authors: Babich Michael A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) are chemicals added to natural and synthetic materials to improve their resistance to ignition or reduce flame spread after ignition occurs. There are many different types of FRs. FR chemicals can be inorganic or organic compounds. This chapter provides a broad overview of the toxicity of the major types of non‐polymeric, FR chemicals in use today.
Small Intestinal Permeability and Metabolomic Profiles in Feces and Plasma Associate With Clinical Response in Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis Participating in a Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Trial: Exploratory Findings From the FLORA Trial
Authors: Kragsnaes Maja Skov , Miguens Blanco Jesus , Mullish Benjamin H. , Serrano‐Contreras Jose Ivan , Kjeldsen Jens , Horn Hans Christian , Pedersen Jens Kristian , Munk Heidi Lausten , Nilsson Anna Christine , Salam Ash , Lewis Matthew R. , Chekmeneva Elena , Kristiansen Karsten , Marchesi Julian R. , Ellingsen Torkell 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveWe investigated intestinal permeability and fecal, plasma, and urine metabolomic profiles in methotrexate‐treated active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and how this related to clinical response following one sham or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).MethodsThis exploratory study is based on the FLORA trial cohort, in which 31 patients with moderate‐to‐high peripheral PsA disease activity, despite at least 3 months of methotrexate‐treatment, were included in a 26‐week, double‐blind, 1:1 randomized, sham‐controlled trial. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either one healthy donor FMT (n = 15) or sham (n = 16) via gastroscopy. The primary trial end point was the proportion of treatment failures through 26 weeks. We performed a lactulose‐to‐mannitol ratio (LMR) test at baseline (n = 31) and at week 26 (n = 26) to assess small intestinal permeability. Metabolomic profiles in fecal, plasma, and urine samples collected at baseline, weeks 4, 12, and 26 were measured using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.ResultsTrial failures (n = 7) had significantly higher LMR compared with responders (n = 19) at week 26 (0.027 [0.017‐0.33]) vs. 0.012 [0‐0.064], P = 0.013), indicating increased intestinal permeability. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant model for responders (n = 19) versus failures (n = 12) at all time points based on their fecal (P < 0.0001) and plasma (P = 0.005) metabolomic profiles, whereas urine metabolomic profiles did not differ between groups (P = 1). Fecal N‐acetyl glycoprotein GlycA correlated with Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (coefficient = 0.50; P = 0.03) and fecal propionate correlated with American College of Rheumatology 20 response at week 26 (coefficient = 27, P = 0.02).ConclusionIntestinal permeability and fecal and plasma metabolomic profiles of patients with PsA were associated with the primary clinical trial end point, failure versus responder.
Field‐Free Switching of Spin Crossbar Arrays by Asymmetric Spin Current Gradient
Authors: Deng Yongcheng , Li Weihao , Lan Xiukai , Zhang Enze , Li Runze , Shang Yaxuan , Liu Shuai , Li Baohe , Liu Xionghua , Zheng Houzhi , Wang Kaiyou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpin orbit torque (SOT) devices with the advantages of high speed, low power consumption, and high stability have wide application prospects in the field of spintronics. The SOT‐based crossbar array device is an important extension of SOT devices, but it is not reported so far. Here, the all electrical magnetization switching of Hall crossings based on SOT crossbar array devices is realized. Through analyzing the current distribution and micromagnetic simulations, it is found that this field‐free SOT switching in the array devices comes from the asymmetric current density gradient distribution at the Hall‐crossings due to the shunt effect of grid circuits. All electrical tristate magnetization switching and the write protection of spin crossbar array devices are demonstrated. This work will further promote the application of the efficient memory or edge computing based on spin crossbar array devices.
Hydrophobic Fe‐Based Catalyst Derived from Prussian Blue for Enhanced Photothermal Conversion of Syngas to Light Olefins
Authors: Shi Yiqiu , Li Zhenhua , Hao Quanguo , Li Ruizhe , Li Yuan , Guo Lina , Ouyang Shuxin , Yuan Hong , Zhang Tierui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough there are many promising works in the field of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), it is still a huge challenge to achieve the rational design of FTS catalysts for excellent selectivity toward light olefins with a high olefins/paraffins ratio (o/p ratio). Herein, a hydrophobic core–shell Fe‐based FTS catalyst is developed by calcination and hydrophobic modification of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐decorated Prussian blue (PB, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3) precursor. The hydrophobic modification is achieved by using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as the hydrophobic agent. Under light irradiation and near ambient pressure (0.18 MPa), compared with the catalyst without the hydrophobic surface to mainly convert CO to valueless CO2, the optimal catalyst delivers excellent selectivity of 48.0% for value‐added light olefins (C2–4 = ) with a high o/p ratio of 10.1 but low selectivity for CO2 at a CO conversion of 22.6%. The excellent FTS performance can be attributed to that the hydrophobic surface of the catalyst regulates the chemical reaction pathway, which promotes the CO hydrogenation but suppresses the conversion of CO to CO2. The study demonstrates that a rationally designed functional surface of a catalyst can govern the reaction pathway along value‐added solar‐to‐chemicals conversion.
Berry Curvature Dipole Induced Giant Mid‐Infrared Second‐Harmonic Generation in 2D Weyl Semiconductor
Authors: Fu Qundong , Cong Xin , Xu Xiaodong , Zhu Song , Zhao Xiaoxu , Liu Sheng , Yao Bingqing , Xu Manzhang , Deng Ya , Zhu Chao , Wang Xiaowei , Kang Lixing , Zeng Qingsheng , Lin Miao‐Ling , Wang Xingli , Tang Bijun , Yang Jianqun , Dong Zhili , Liu Fucai , Xiong Qihua , Zhou Jiadong , Wang Qijie , Li Xingji , Tan Ping‐Heng , Tay Beng Kang , Liu Zheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to its inversion‐broken triple helix structure and the nature of Weyl semiconductor, 2D Tellurene (2D Te) is promising to possess a strong nonlinear optical response in the infrared region, which is rarely reported in 2D materials. Here, a giant nonlinear infrared response induced by large Berry curvature dipole (BCD) is demonstrated in the Weyl semiconductor 2D Te. Ultrahigh second‐harmonic generation response is acquired from 2D Te with a large second‐order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(2)), which is up to 23.3 times higher than that of monolayer MoS2 in the range of 700–1500 nm. Notably, distinct from other 2D nonlinear semiconductors, χ(2) of 2D Te increases extraordinarily with increasing wavelength and reaches up to 5.58 nm V−1 at ≈2300 nm, which is the best infrared performance among the reported 2D nonlinear materials. Large χ(2) of 2D Te also enables the high‐intensity sum‐frequency generation with an ultralow continuous‐wave (CW) pump power. Theoretical calculations reveal that the exceptional performance is attributed to the presence of large BCD located at the Weyl points of 2D Te. These results unravel a new linkage between Weyl semiconductor and strong optical nonlinear responses, rendering 2D Te a competitive candidate for highly efficient nonlinear 2D semiconductors in the infrared region.
Recyclable and Robust Optical Nanoprobes with Engineered Enzymes for Sustainable Serodiagnostics
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Wei Zheng , Damian Matteo , Zhu Xingjun , Knaus Tanja , Zhang Hong , Mutti Francesco G. , Loeffler Felix F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecyclable fluorescence assays that can be stored at room temperature would greatly benefit biomedical diagnostics by bringing sustainability and cost‐efficiency, especially for point‐of‐care serodiagnostics in developing regions. Here, a general strategy is proposed to generate recyclable fluorescent probes by using engineered enzymes with enhanced thermo‐/chemo‐stability, which maintains an outstanding serodiagnostic performance (accuracy >95%) after 10 times of recycling as well as after storage at elevated temperatures (37 °C for 10 days). With these three outstanding properties, recyclable fluorescent probes can be designed to detect various biomarkers of clinical importance by using different enzymes.
Heterodimeric Protein Surface‐Coupling Platform: Immobilization of Conformation Switchable and Functional αIIbβ3 Integrin
Authors: Neves Miguel A. D. , Slavkovic Sladjana , Wang Yiming , Pasman Yfke , Shoara Aron A. , Gallant Reid C. , Zhu Guangheng , Benvenuto Pasquale , Johnson Philip E. , Thompson Michael , Ni Heyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany biotechnologies require direct contact between biomolecules and (semi)solid substrates. However, little information is available regarding site‐directed covalent surface immobilization of heterodimeric proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric, conformationally dependent membrane adhesion‐receptors, which are important in the (patho)biology of almost all human diseases. In this study, a biomimetic‐platform is developed for covalent and site‐directed immobilization of oriented integrin heterodimers onto most hydroxyl bearing surfaces, herein demonstrated on both glass‐slides and silica‐particles. This platform consists of a self‐assembled monolayer, upon which C‐terminal modified αIIbβ3 integrin extracellular domains are oriented and covalently anchored. As with cell surface integrins, the conformation of immobilized αIIbβ3 is switchable and can be modulated to the active ligand‐binding conformation by divalent cations. Furthermore, the αIIbβ3‐coupled silica particles display platelet‐mimetic hemostat function and co‐aggregate with platelets from both wild‐type and fibrinogen/von Willebrand factor double deficient mice, facilitating αIIbβ3‐non‐classical ligand discoveries. This work provides a biomaterial platform for functional multimeric protein‐substrate coupling, which should have broad impact on multiple fields of biology, biotechnology, and clinical diagnosis/therapy.
Polylactide Degradation Activates Immune Cells by Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Maduka Chima V. , Alhaj Mohammed , Ural Evran , Habeeb Oluwatosin M. , Kuhnert Maxwell M. , Smith Kylie , Makela Ashley V. , Pope Hunter , Chen Shoue , Hix Jeremy M. , Mallett Christiane L. , Chung Seock‐Jin , Hakun Maxwell , Tundo Anthony , Zinn Kurt R. , Hankenson Kurt D. , Goodman Stuart B. , Narayan Ramani , Contag Christopher H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolylactide (PLA) is the most widely utilized biopolymer in medicine. However, chronic inflammation and excessive fibrosis resulting from its degradation remain significant obstacles to extended clinical use. Immune cell activation has been correlated to the acidity of breakdown products, yet methods to neutralize the pH have not significantly reduced adverse responses. Using a bioenergetic model, delayed cellular changes were observed that are not apparent in the short‐term. Amorphous and semi‐crystalline PLA degradation products, including monomeric l‐lactic acid, mechanistically remodel metabolism in cells leading to a reactive immune microenvironment characterized by elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Selective inhibition of metabolic reprogramming and altered bioenergetics both reduce these undesirable high cytokine levels and stimulate anti‐inflammatory signals. The results present a new biocompatibility paradigm by identifying metabolism as a target for immunomodulation to increase tolerance to biomaterials, ensuring safe clinical application of PLA‐based implants for soft‐ and hard‐tissue regeneration, and advancing nanomedicine and drug delivery.
Novel Biocatalysts from Specialized Metabolism
Authors: Kries Hajo , Trottmann Felix , Hertweck Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnzymes are increasingly recognized as valuable (bio)catalysts that complement existing synthetic methods. However, the range of biotransformations used in the laboratory is limited. Here we give an overview on the biosynthesis‐inspired discovery of novel biocatalysts that address various synthetic challenges. Prominent examples from this dynamic field highlight remarkable enzymes for protecting‐group‐free amide formation and modification, control of pericyclic reactions, stereoselective hetero‐ and polycyclizations, atroposelective aryl couplings, site‐selective C−H activations, introduction of ring strain, and N−N bond formation. We also explore unusual functions of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, radical SAM‐dependent enzymes, flavoproteins, and enzymes recruited from primary metabolism, which offer opportunities for synthetic biology, enzyme engineering, directed evolution, and catalyst design.
High‐Density Polyethylene with In‐Chain Photolyzable and Hydrolyzable Groups Enabling Recycling and Degradation
Authors: Baur Maximilian , Mast Nina K. , Brahm Jan P. , Habé Rosa , Morgen Tobias O. , Mecking Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolyethylenes endowed with low densities of in‐chain hydrolyzable and photocleavable groups can improve their circularity and potentially reduce their environmental persistency. We show with model polymers derived from acyclic diene metathesis polymerization that the simultaneous presence of both groups has no adverse effect on the polyethylene crystal structure and thermal properties. Post‐polymerization Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of keto‐polyethylenes from non‐alternating catalytic ethylene‐CO chain growth copolymerization yield high molecular weight in‐chain keto‐ester polyethylenes (Mn≈50.000 g mol−1). Oxidation can proceed without chain scission and consequently the desirable materials properties of HDPE are retained. At the same time we demonstrate the suitability of the in‐chain ester groups for chemical recycling by methanolysis, and show that photolytic degradation by extended exposure to simulated sunlight occurs via the keto groups.
A Deeper Understanding of Metal Nucleation and Growth in Rechargeable Metal Batteries Through Theory and Experiment
Authors: Cooper Emily R. , Li Ming , Gentle Ian , Xia Qingbing , Knibbe Ruth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLithium and sodium metal batteries continue to occupy the forefront of battery research. Their exceptionally high energy density and nominal voltages are highly attractive for cutting‐edge energy storage applications. Anode‐free metal batteries are also coming into the research spotlight offering improved safety and even higher energy densities than conventional metal batteries. However, uneven metal nucleation and growth which leads to dendrites continues to limit the commercialisation of conventional and anode‐free metal batteries alike. This review connects models and theories from well‐established fields in metallurgy and electrodeposition to both conventional and anode‐free metal batteries. These highly applicable models and theories explain the driving forces of uneven metal growth and can inform future experiment design. Finally, the models and theories that are most relevant to each anode‐related cell component are identified. Keeping these specific models and theories in mind will assist with rational design for these components.