bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior elicitation for Gaussian spatial process: An application to TMS brain mapping
Authors: Egbon Osafu Augustine , Nascimento Diego , Louzada Francisco 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe power and commensurate prior distributions are informative prior distributions that incorporate historical data as prior knowledge in Bayesian analysis to improve inference about a phenomenon under study. Although these distributions have been developed for analyzing non‐spatial data, little or no attention has been given to spatial geostatistical data. In this study, we extend these informative prior distributions to a Gaussian spatial process, which enables the elicitation of prior knowledge from historical geostatistical data for Bayesian analysis. Three informative prior distributions were developed for spatial modeling, and an efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was developed for performing Bayesian analysis. Simulation studies were used to assess the adequacy of the informative prior distributions. Hierarchical models combined with the developed informative prior distributions were applied to analyze transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) brain mapping data to gain insights into the spatial pattern of a patient's response to motor cortex stimulation. The study quantified the uncertainty in motor response and found that the primary motor cortex of the hand is responsible for most of the movement of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying motor function and ultimately aid the improvement of treatment options for individuals with health issues.
Atomic Engineering Modulates Oxygen Reduction of Hollow Carbon Matrix Confined Single Metal‐Nitrogen Sites for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Wu Haihua , Xu Xin , Wu Jiahao , Zhai Juanjuan , Wu Feng , Li Yudan , Jiang Sen , Zhang Jiangwei , Li Haobo , Gao Yunfang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe systematical understanding of metal‐dependent activity in electrocatalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a vital reaction with sluggish kinetics for zinc‐air batteries, remains quite unclear. An atomic and spatial engineering modulating ORR activity over hollow carbon quasi‐sphere (HCS) confined in a series of single M‐N (M = Cu, Mn, Ni) sites is reported here. Based on the theoretical prediction and experimental validation, Cu‐N4 site with the lowest overpotential shows a better ORR kinetics than Mn‐N4 and Ni‐N4. The ORR activity of single‐atom Cu center can be further improved by decreasing the coordination number of N to two, namely Cu‐N2, due to the enhancement of electrons with lower coordination structure. Benefitting from the unique spatial confinement effect of the HCS structure in modulating electronic feature of active sites, the Cu‐N2 site confined in HCS also delivers highly improved ORR kinetics and activity relative to that on planner graphene. Additionally, the best catalyst holds excellent promise in the application of zinc‐air batteries. The findings will pave a new way to atomically and electronically tune active sites with high efficiency for other single‐atom catalysts.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Induced Crosslinked Polymer Network for Highly Stable Electrochromic Device and a Construction Strategy for Black‐Bilayer Electrochromic Film
Authors: Li Jin , Zhang Ling , Cui Jiankun , Lv Xiaojing , Feng Menglong , Ouyang Mi , Chen Zhangxin , Wright Dominic S. , Zhang Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis work presents a new strategy to achieve highly stable electrochromic devices and bilayer film construction. A novel solution‐processable electrochromic polymer P1‐Boc with quinacridone as the conjugated backbone and t‐Boc as N‐substituted non‐conjugated solubilizing groups is designed. Thermal annealing of P1‐Boc film results in the cleavage of t‐Boc groups and the formation of N─H⋯O═C hydrogen‐bonding crosslinked network, which changes its intrinsic solubility characteristics into a solvent‐resistant P1 film. This film retains the electrochemical behavior and spectroelectrochemistry properties of the original P1‐Boc film. Intriguingly, the electrochromic device based on the P1 film exhibits an ultrafast switching time (0.56/0.80 s at 523 nm) and robust electrochromic stability (retaining 88.4% of the initial optical contrast after 100 000 cycles). The observed cycle lifetime is one of the highest reported for all‐organic electrochromic devices. In addition, a black‐transparent bilayer electrochromic film P1/P2 is developed in which the use of the solvent‐resistant P1 film as the bottom layer avoids interface erosion of the solution‐processable polymer in a multilayer stacking.
Recent developments in utilization of nano silica in self‐compacting concrete: A review
Authors: Wang Jiangjiang , Yang Yusen , Chu Jiayin , Mo Kim Hung , Yap Pow‐Seng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSelf‐compacting concrete (SCC) is a type of flowable, high‐strength and high‐performance concrete in the construction field, which can flow and compact under its own weight. The damage of concrete is often caused by internal microstructural defects. Nano silica (NS) has excellent pozzolanic properties, and with an appropriate content of NS as auxiliary cementing material, it can promote the generation of C‐S‐H gels in addition to serve as internal filler, thus improves the micro‐scale defects in concrete. This paper extracts data from studies published over the last decade which focus on the application of NS in SCC and discusses the similarities and differences between the studies. Ultimately, a systematic review of the physical and chemical characteristics of NS, and the effect of NS on the workability, mechanical and durability properties of SCC is presented. Based on the review, the most common NS content is 0%–6%, where the negative effect of 0%–6% NS on the workability of SCC can be controlled by increasing the dosage of superplasticizer. The NS content of 2%–3% is optimum for improving the mechanical strength and the ability of SCC to resist water permeability, corrosion, acid and sulfate attacks, elevated temperature as well as shrinkage.
Gene expression profiling of soaked dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) reveals cell wall modification plays a role in cooking time
Authors: Jeffery Hannah R. , Mudukuti Nyasha , Buell Carol Robin , Childs Kevin L. , Cichy Karen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutritious food, but their lengthy cooking requirements are barriers to consumption. Presoaking is one strategy to reduce cooking time. Soaking allows hydration to occur prior to cooking, and enzymatic changes to pectic polysaccharides also occur during soaking that shorten the cooking time of beans. Little is known about how gene expression during soaking influences cooking times. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify gene expression patterns that are altered by soaking and (2) compare gene expression in fast‐cooking and slow‐cooking bean genotypes. RNA was extracted from four bean genotypes at five soaking time points (0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h) and expression abundances were detected using Quant‐seq. Differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis were used to identify candidate genes within quantitative trait loci for water uptake and cooking time. Genes related to cell wall growth and development as well as hypoxic stress were differentially expressed between the fast‐ and slow‐cooking beans due to soaking. Candidate genes identified in the slow‐cooking beans included enzymes that increase intracellular calcium concentrations and cell wall modification enzymes. The expression of cell wall‐strengthening enzymes in the slow‐cooking beans may increase their cooking time and ability to resist osmotic stress by preventing cell separation and water uptake in the cotyledon.
Evaluating the effects of direct‐fed microbial supplementation on the performance, milk quality and fatty acid of mid‐lactating dairy cows
Authors: Asil Ali Kiani , Mohammadabadi Tahereh , Chaji Morteza , Direkvandi Ehsan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of a mixture of direct‐fed microbial (DFM) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid and blood parameter in crossbred mid‐lactating cows.MethodsTwenty‐four crossbred Holstein cows (body weight = 650±15 kg; days in milk = 100±20; daily milk yield = 25±3 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments: (1) CON, without DFM; (2) LS, inoculation with Lactobacillus fermentum (4.5 × 108 CFU/day) plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1.4×1010 CFU/day); and (3) LSM, inoculation with LS plus Megasphaera elsdenii (4.5 × 108 CFU/day). All animals received the same ration with 45.7% forage and 54.3% concentrate.ResultsResults showed that the highest feed intake was observed in treatments LS and LSM (p = 0.02). Compared with the CON, milk production, 4% fat‐corrected milk, energy‐corrected milk, fat (kg/day), protein (kg/day) and lactose (kg/day), FE and percent of fat were increased (p<0.05) by LSM, but unaffected by LS. Also, compared with the CON, both LS and LSM increased antioxidant activity (p<0.05). The concentration of C18:2c n‐6 increased significantly in treatment LSM compared with the CON (p = 0.003). The concentration of C20:0 increased significantly in treatment LS compared with the CON (p = 0.004). The highest concentrations of insulin, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol were observed by LSM (p<0.05). Compared with the CON, both LS and LSM increased blood monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil (p<0.05), and blood lymphocyte was increased (p = 0.02) only by LSM.ConclusionsThe results of the research showed that the use of DFMs had no effect on the digestibility, microbial load and the major part of fatty acids in milk. However, it improved feed intake, milk yield and antioxidant activity of milk and also increased the milk concentration of C18:2 n‐6.
Application of computational approaches in biomembranes: From structure to function
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Bao Yiqiong , Li Mengrong , Li Shu , Xi Lili , Xin Pengyang , Wu Lei , Liu Huanxiang , Mu Yuguang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiological membranes (biomembranes) are one of the most complicated structures that allow life to exist. Investigating their structure, dynamics, and function is crucial for advancing our knowledge of cellular mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies. However, experimental investigation of many biomembrane phenomena is challenging due to their compositional and structural complexity, as well as the inherently multi‐scalar features. Computational approaches, particularly molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, have emerged as powerful tools for addressing the atomic details of biomembrane systems, driving breakthroughs in our understanding of biomembranes and their roles in cellular function. This review presents an overview of the latest advancements in related computational approaches, from force fields and model construction to MD simulations and trajectory analysis. We also discussed current hot research topics and challenges. Finally, we outline future directions, emphasizing the integration of force field development, enhanced sampling techniques, and data‐driven approaches to accelerate the growth of this field in the years to come. We aim to equip readers with an understanding of the promise and limitations of emerging computational technologies in biomembrane systems and offer valuable recommendations for future research endeavors.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
A Bayesian reliability analysis exploring the effect of scheduled maintenance on wind turbine time to failure
Authors: Anderson Fraser , Dawid Rafael , McMillan David , García‐Cava David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article presents a Bayesian reliability modelling approach for wind turbines that incorporates the effect of time‐dependent variables. Namely, the technique is used to explore the effect of annual services on wind turbine failure intensity through time for turbines within a currently operational wind farm. In the operator's experience, turbines seemed to fail more frequently after scheduled maintenance was performed; however, this is an unexplored effect in the literature. Additionally, the effects of seasonality, year of operation and position in the array on failure intensity are explored. These features were included in a Cox‐like model formulation which allows for time‐dependent covariates. Inference was performed via Bayes rule. Results show a spike in failure intensity reaching 1.57 times the baseline in the six days directly proceeding annual servicing, after which failure intensity is reduced compared to baseline. Also observed is a significant year‐on‐year reduction of failure intensity since the introduction of the site's data management system in 2018, a clear preference for modelling time to failure via a Weibull distribution and a dependence on location in the array with respect to the prominent wind direction. Results also show the benefit of employing a Bayesian regime, which provides easily interpretable uncertainty quantification.
Nontrivial one-loop recursive reduction relation
Authors: Li Tingfei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In [1], we proposed a universal method to reduce one-loop integrals with both tensor structure and higher-power propagators. But the method is quite redundant as it does not utilize the results of lower rank cases when addressing certain tensor integrals. Recently, we found a remarkable recursion relation [2, 3], where a tensor integral is reduced to lower-rank integrals and lower terms corresponding to integrals with one or more propagators being canceled. However, the expression of the lower terms is unknown. In this paper, we derive this non-trivial recursion relation for non-degenerate and degenerate cases and provides an explicit expression for the lower terms, thus simplifying and speeding up the reduction process.
AdS super gluon scattering up to two loops: a position space approach
Authors: Huang Zhongjie , Wang Bo , Yuan Ellis Ye , Zhou Xinan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We carry out a bootstrap study of four-point correlators in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs which are dual to super Yang-Mills on AdS5 × S3. We focus on the simplest $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS operators which correspond to the super gluons in the massless current multiplet. Our computation is based on an ansatz in position space which is inspired by a hidden symmetry structure manifest in the leading terms of the Lorentzian singularities of the correlators. By using other consistency conditions, we completely fix the super gluon correlators at one and two loops in the bulk genus expansion, up to possible counterterms. Our results reveal a number of interesting properties enriched by the color structures. In particular, the implication of hidden conformal symmetry on the full super gluon reduced correlator exhibits an analogous pattern as in the AdS5× S5 supergravity correlators recently computed up to two loops.
Pursuing precision in medicine and nutrition: the rise of electrochemical biosensing at the molecular level
Authors: Campuzano Susana , Barderas Rodrigo , Moreno-Casbas Maria Teresa , Almeida Ángeles , Pingarrón José M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the era that we seek personalization in material things, it is becoming increasingly clear that the individualized management of medicine and nutrition plays a key role in life expectancy and quality of life, allowing participation to some extent in our welfare and the use of societal resources in a rationale and equitable way. The implementation of precision medicine and nutrition are highly complex challenges which depend on the development of new technologies able to meet important requirements in terms of cost, simplicity, and versatility, and to determine both individually and simultaneously, almost in real time and with the required sensitivity and reliability, molecular markers of different omics levels in biofluids extracted, secreted (either naturally or stimulated), or circulating in the body. Relying on representative and pioneering examples, this review article critically discusses recent advances driving the position of electrochemical bioplatforms as one of the winning horses for the implementation of suitable tools for advanced diagnostics, therapy, and precision nutrition. In addition to a critical overview of the state of the art, including groundbreaking applications and challenges ahead, the article concludes with a personal vision of the imminent roadmap.
Monitoring der Progression von geografischer Atrophie in der optischen Kohärenztomographie
Authors: Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Mai Julia , Reiter Gregor S. , Riedl Sophie , Lachinov Dmitrii , Vogl Wolf-Dieter , Bogunovic Hrvoje 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungMit dem Ausblick auf eine zu erwartende Therapie für die geografische Atrophie und folglich steigenden Patientenzahlen bedarf es eines geeigneten Managements für die klinische Praxis. Die optische Kohärenztomographie (OCT) sowie die automatische OCT-Analyse mittels künstlicher Intelligenz-Algorithmen bieten eine optimale Methode zur Beurteilung der Krankheitsaktivität sowie des Therapieansprechens für die geografische Atrophie durch eine schnelle, präzise und ressourcenschonende Auswertung.
Controlling upwards and downwards gust loads on aerofoils by pitching
Authors: Andreu-Angulo I. , Babinsky H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA wing travelling at a constant angle of attack, $$\alpha$$
α
, experiences a large lift spike when subjected to a high-amplitude transverse gust. This study analyses the capability of a low-order model, which uses Wagner and Küssner theory, to calculate a pitch motion profile that mitigates such a lift increase. The model’s pitch profiles are tested experimentally by towing a wing at a constant $$\alpha$$
α
towards a top-hat transverse gust. Throughout the gust encounter, the wing is pitched with a profile predetermined by the model. Force and flow measurements are analysed for gust ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 and angles of attack of 0, 10, 20 and 45 degrees. In addition, two gust directions are analysed: upwards where the gust velocity is in the direction of positive lift, and downwards (in the opposite direction). The latter produces a large negative lift spike that can be especially dangerous for flying vehicles. Experimental results demonstrate strong mitigation, around 85%, of the gust loads up to an effective angle of attack of 60 degrees, independently of gust direction. The theories used achieve mitigation even at large perturbations and separated flows, where the assumptions used on their derivation are clearly invalid. The mitigation approach does, nevertheless, not mitigate the secondary lift peak that emerges after gust exit when the initial wing incidence exceeds 10 degrees. This secondary peak is a result of attached flow around the wing right after gust exit, which eventually develops into a LEV that sheds from the wing.
Unique morphology and photoperiodically regulated activity of neurosecretory canopy cells in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Hamanaka Yoshitaka , Shiga Sakiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis exhibits clear photoperiodism in egg laying; it lays more eggs in long-day conditions than in medium-day conditions. A key regulator of egg laying is neurosecretory caudo-dorsal cells (CDCs) producing an ovulation hormone in the cerebral ganglia. Paired small budding structures of the cerebral ganglia (viz. the lateral lobe) also promote egg laying in addition to spermatogenesis and maturation of female accessory sex organs. However, it remains unknown which cells in the lateral lobe are responsible for these. Previous anatomical and physiological studies prompted us to hypothesize that canopy cells in the lateral lobe modulate activity of CDCs. However, double labeling of the canopy cell and CDCs revealed no sign of direct neural connections, suggesting that activity of CDCs is regulated either humorally or through a neural pathway independent of canopy cells. In addition, our detailed anatomical re-evaluation confirmed previous observations that the canopy cell bears fine neurites along the ipsilateral axon and extensions from the plasma membrane of the cell body, although the function of these extensions remains unexplored. Furthermore, comparison of electrophysiological properties between long-day and medium-day conditions indicated that the canopy cell’s activity is moderately under photoperiodic regulation: resting membrane potentials of long-day snails are shallower than those of medium-day snails, and spontaneously spiking neurons are only observed in long-day conditions. Thus, canopy cells appear to receive photoperiodic information and regulate photoperiod-dependent phenomena, but not provide direct neural inputs to CDCs.
Association between soil organic carbon and calcium in acidic grassland soils from Point Reyes National Seashore, CA
Authors: Rowley Mike C. , Nico Peter S. , Bone Sharon E. , Marcus Matthew A. , Pegoraro Elaine F. , Castanha Cristina , Kang Kyounglim , Bhattacharyya Amrita , Torn Margaret S. , Peña Jasquelin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrgano-mineral and organo-metal associations play an important role in the retention and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC). Recent studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between calcium (Ca) and SOC content in a range of soil types. However, most of these studies have focused on soils that contain calcium carbonate (pH > 6). To assess the importance of Ca-SOC associations in lower pH soils, we investigated their physical and chemical interaction in the grassland soils of Point Reyes National Seashore (CA, USA) at a range of spatial scales. Multivariate analyses of our bulk soil characterisation dataset showed a strong correlation between exchangeable Ca (CaExch; 5–8.3 c.molc kg−1) and SOC (0.6–4%) content. Additionally, linear combination fitting (LCF) of bulk Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra revealed that Ca was predominantly associated with organic carbon across all samples. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM C/Ca NEXAFS) showed that Ca had a strong spatial correlation with C at the microscale. The STXM C NEXAFS K-edge spectra indicated that SOC had a higher abundance of aromatic/olefinic and phenolic C functional groups when associated with Ca, relative to C associated with Fe. In regions of high Ca-C association, the STXM C NEXAFS spectra were similar to the spectrum from lignin, with moderate changes in peak intensities and positions that are consistent with oxidative C transformation. Through this association, Ca thus seems to be preferentially associated with plant-like organic matter that has undergone some oxidative transformation, at depth in acidic grassland soils of California. Our study highlights the importance of Ca-SOC complexation in acidic grassland soils and provides a conceptual model of its contribution to SOC preservation, a research area that has previously been unexplored.