bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral nerve injuries in children—prevalence, mechanisms and concomitant injuries: a major trauma center’s experience
Authors: Aman Martin , Zimmermann Kim S. , Boecker Arne H. , Thielen Mirjam , Falkner Florian , Daeschler Simeon , Stolle Annette , Kneser Ulrich , Harhaus Leila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral nerve injuries are severe conditions with potential lifelong impairment, which is especially meaningful for the pediatric population. Knowledge on prevalence, injury mechanisms and concomitant injuries is, therefore, of utmost importance to increase clinician awareness and enable early diagnosis and treatment. As current literature on pediatric nerve lesions and concomitant injuries is scarce, we aimed to analyze all details of our patient population.MethodsA total of 110 667 patients treated at our level 1 trauma center from 2012 to 2021 were evaluated for pediatric peripheral nerve injuries, causes, concomitant injuries and assessed for lesion classification (in continuity, partial lesion, dissection) and further relevant intraoperative findings.ResultsWe found 5026 patients of all ages with peripheral nerve lesions, whereof 288 were pediatric, resulting in a prevalence of 5.7% of pediatric patients with nerve injuries. Mean age was 12.4 ± 4.6 years. Most common lesions were digital nerves (48.2%), followed by median (14.9%), ulnar (14.6%), radial (8.8%), peroneal nerve (5.2%) and brachial plexus injuries (2.1%). Of all pediatric nerve injuries, 3.8% were iatrogenic, only 30.2% had preserved continuity and 47.3% a concomitant vessel injury. Fractures were accompanied in 22.6%.DiscussionWe observed that a large proportion of injures had complete transections, often accompanied by concomitant vessel injuries especially in distally located injuries, highlighting the importance of early surgical exploration. Radial, ulnar and lower extremity nerve injuries were often associated with fractures. Early surgical nerve repair is key to improve motor and sensory outcomes. Knowledge on mechanisms and concomitant injuries facilitates timely diagnosis and treatment, thereby potentially preventing lifelong impairment.
Analysis of soil electrical resistivity and hydraulic conductivity relationship for characterisation of lithology inducing slope instability in residual soil
Authors: Olabode Oladunjoye P. , San Lim H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSlope instability occurrences as damaging shallow-landslides in the residual soil around mountains has been widely studied with geophysical, geotechnical and hydrogeological techniques but relating soil electrical resistivity to hydraulic conductivity for characterisation of lithology inducing of these landslides is not common. In this study, we used Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data and Hydraulic Conductivity (HC) data obtained from soil samples collected within 1–4.5 m depth in the borehole to assess the characteristics of soil that can induce landslide in the study location. The HC data were derived empirically from Beyer, Kozeny-Carman and Slitcher formula which were validated with HC obtained from laboratory experiment. The Empirical Derived Hydraulic Conductivities (EDHC) were correlated with the soil resistivity. The result shows a strong correlation between soil resistivity and HC with regression values of R2 = 0.9702, R2 = 0.9153 and R2 = 0.9232 for Beyer, Kozeny-Carman and Slitcher formula, respectively. The ERT model revealed a possible sliding surface between two contrasting resistive top material and underneath conductive materials at about 4 m depth. The HC assessment result corroborated the ERT model result because high and low-HC values were obtained in the borehole soil samples within 0–4 m and > 4 m depths from EDHC, respectively. The low-HC zone below 4 m depth was responsible for the occurrences of the shallow-landslides in the study.
A highly challenging balance training intervention for people with multiple sclerosis: a feasibility trial
Authors: Wallin A. , Franzén E. , Ekman U. , Piehl F. , Johansson S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Balance training interventions with a gradual progression of difficulty and highly challenging tasks designed specifically for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are rare. The objective was to adapt a balance training intervention originally developed for Parkinson’s disease through a co-design process and then conduct a pilot trial in MS to evaluate the feasibility of a large, full-scale study.

Methods
Twelve people with MS with mild to moderate overall MS-disability were included in this single-group feasibility trial. Participants received one-hour training sessions twice or three times weekly for 10 weeks. The assessment included tests of physical and cognitive functioning and patient-reported quality of life-related outcomes. Data on feasibility aspects were collected at baseline and follow-up assessments and three times during the intervention period to inform the recruitment process, as well as to monitor retention and inclusion rates, study procedures, intervention delivery, and dynamic changes in the selected potential outcome measures. Progression criteria were used to determine whether to proceed to a full-scale trial. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data.

Results
Out of six progression criteria, only retention and attendance at training sessions were not met. Reasons reported for not completing the intervention period mainly depended on external circumstances beyond the control of the study. In contrast, study procedures, intervention delivery, and intervention content (progression, adjustment, and control of challenge level of exercises) were considered feasible for a future, full-scale trial. The Mini-BESTest, which was used for the assessment of balance control, was considered suitable as the primary outcome in a full-scale trial with no ceiling or floor effects. Further, the Mini-BESTest showed a positive trend in outcome response with a median difference of 3.5 points between baseline and follow-up assessments. The power calculation performed suggests a feasible number of participants for recruitment.

Conclusions
Overall trial aspects and intervention delivery were deemed feasible for a full-scale trial, but adjustments are needed to increase retention and attendance.
German translation, cross-cultural adaption and validation of the Venous Clinical Severity and Venous Disability Scores
Authors: Hofmann Amun , Deinsberger Julia , Kienzl Philip , Rigler Eva , Anzengruber Florian , Weber Benedikt 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and the Venous Disability Score (VDS) represent assessment tools for chronic venous disease (CVD) combining physician and patient reported outcomes. To date, German versions are not available. The present study aimed at translating the VCSS and VDS into German and validating the questionnaires.

Methods
Translations of VCSS and VDS were compiled based on published guidelines considering potential differences in the use of German language in different countries. For validation, 33 patients with chronic venous disease and 5 healthy individuals were included in the pre-testing phase. Patients were examined twice by independent investigators to validate test–retest-validity culminating in 142 limb examinations. Internal consistency, inter-rater dependence and external reliability were subsequently evaluated.

Results
All assessed metrics showed good internal consistency. Intra-class correlation coefficients were .75 for the VDS, .98 for the VCSS of the right leg and .90 for the VCSS of the left leg, indicating inter-rater independence. Furthermore, VCSS scores showed a modest positive correlation with CEAP C class and both VCSS and VDS showed a negative correlation with the physical component of the SF-12, indicating adequate external reliability.

Conclusion
A pan-cultural German version of both the VCSS and VDS was established and validated as reliable tools to evaluate the severity of CVD in German speaking countries.
Axon–axon interactions determine modality-specific wiring and subcellular synaptic specificity in a somatosensory circuit
Authors: Galindo Samantha E. , Wood Abby J. , Cooney Patricia C. , Hammond Luke A. , Grueber Wesley B. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTSynaptic connections between neurons are often formed in precise subcellular regions of dendritic arbors with implications for information processing within neurons. Cell–cell interactions are widely important for circuit wiring; however, their role in subcellular specificity is not well understood. We studied the role of axon–axon interactions in precise targeting and subcellular wiring of Drosophila somatosensory circuitry. Axons of nociceptive and gentle touch neurons terminate in adjacent, non-overlapping layers in the central nervous system (CNS). Nociceptor and touch receptor axons synapse onto distinct dendritic regions of a second-order interneuron, the dendrites of which span these layers, forming touch-specific and nociceptive-specific connectivity. We found that nociceptor ablation elicited extension of touch receptor axons and presynapses into the nociceptor recipient region, supporting a role for axon–axon interactions in somatosensory wiring. Conversely, touch receptor ablation did not lead to expansion of nociceptor axons, consistent with unidirectional axon–axon interactions. Live imaging provided evidence for sequential arborization of nociceptive and touch neuron axons in the CNS. We propose that axon–axon interactions and modality-specific timing of axon targeting play key roles in subcellular connection specificity of somatosensory circuitry.
Community engagement in maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR): Realist review protocol
Authors: Mbuo Mary , Okello Immaculate , Penn-Kekana Loveday , Willcox Merlin , Portela Anayda , Palestra Francesca , Mathai Matthews 
Published: March 2023

Background: While there has been a decline in maternal and perinatal mortality, deaths remain high in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. With the sustainable development goals (SDGs) targets to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality, more needs to be done to accelerate progress and improve survival. Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) is a strategy to identify the clinical and social circumstances that contribute to maternal and perinatal deaths. Through MPDSR, an active surveillance and response cycle is established by bringing together different stakeholders to review and address these social and clinical factors. Community engagement in MPDSR provides a strong basis for collective action to address social factors and quality of care issues that contribute to maternal and perinatal deaths. Studies have shown that community members can support identification and reporting of maternal and/or perinatal deaths. Skilled care at birth has been increasing globally, but there are still gaps in quality of care. Through MPDSR, community members can collaborate with health workers to improve quality of care. But we do not know how community engagement in MPDSR works in practice; for whom it works and what aspects work (or do not work) and why. This realist review answers the question: which strategies of community engagement in MPDSR produce which outcomes in which contexts? Methods: For this realist review, we will identify published and grey literature by searching relevant databases for articles. We will include papers published from 2004 in all languages and from all countries. We have set up an advisory group drawn from academia, international organizations, and practitioners of both MPDSR and community engagement to guide the process. Conclusion: This protocol and the subsequent realist review will use theoretical approaches from the community engagement literature to generate theory on community engagement in MPDSR. Prospero registration number: CRD42022345216
The Factors Influencing Teachers' Willingness to Remain in Rural Areas After the Expiration of Their Compulsory Service Contract: A Case Study in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, China
Authors: Dong Yuanli , Bo-qin Liao , Abbas Safdar , Hoon Peow See , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2023

Quality education can only be achieved with the assistance of experienced and qualified teachers. In order to ensure quality education in disadvantaged areas in China, it is necessary to keep experienced teachers in rural areas. This paper investigates factors that could influence rural teachers’ decision to stay or not on teaching at the expiry of their service contract. As a part of project, “Research on rural Teacher Training Mode in Minority Areas of Hubei Province in post-poverty Era “data from 1193 rural teachers who had qualified from a government teacher training programme from selected villages under the jurisdiction of the Enshi Prefecture, Hubei province was collected. As part of the survey, a number of factors are examined that influence a teacher's willingness to stay or leave, as well as remedial measures that are deemed necessary to prevent teachers from leaving. For the analysis of the data, SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 were used. The study found that the teachers have a high willingness to stay on the job after the contract expires. Among the factors contributing to their willingness are the local cultural environment, the local infrastructure attachment to the area, and the school's working environment. Wage income, professional identity, professional development, and school working conditions also play an important role as maintenance factors. There is a direct relationship between the rural infrastructure and a person's willingness to continue working after the expiration of a contract, and there is also direct relationship between the local attachment and the cultural atmosphere of the local community. Local attachment is the dominant factor, the local infrastructure is a secondary improvement area, and salary, promotion of opportunities, respect for teachers and education are in the priority improvement area. Finally, the paper proposes that the retention of rural teachers should be based on the cultivation of local attachment, rural revitalization, improvement of health factors and construction of “UGSR–P” cultivation of community.
A Case of a Beta-Catenin-Activated Hepatic Adenoma in a Male Patient With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Kusnik Alexander , Li Shifan , Graziano Elliot , Katerji Roula , Ramaraju Gopal 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular adenoma is a benign liver tumor often diagnosed incidentally in women of reproductive age who are taking oral contraceptives. In this study, we present a unique case of an 18-year-old man with known familial adenomatous polyposis who presented with sepsis in the setting of a recent total proctocolectomy and was incidentally found to have multiple large hepatic lesions. A biopsy of a liver lesion confirmed the diagnosis of a beta-catenin-activated hepatic adenoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known case of beta-catenin-activated hepatic adenoma in a patient with a known familial adenomatous polyposis mutation. Beta-catenin is one of the many subtypes of hepatocellular adenomas, which carries a high risk of malignant transformation.
Role of Microfinance in Mitigating Disasters in Pakistan
Authors: KAMRAN Hafiz Waqas , OMRAN Abdelnaser 
Published: March 2023

The study is aimed at exploring the usage of microfinance and related services to mitigate the effect of natural disasters and risk, both at community and industry level in the current Pakistani context. For this purpose, overall work is carried out based on the various strategies adopted by the Micro Finance Institutes MFIs specifically disaster loan funds, disaster preparedness, designing of new products, sustainability of MFIs through post-disaster approaches. It also provides the evidence to recognize the MF roles within disaster risk reduction and mitigation measures. Along with the risk reduction, it delivers the context for poverty alleviation through provision of diversified earning sources and rehabilitation of local community. It is the first study to explore the role of MFIs in disaster risks reduction and mitigation both at community and industry level in the economy of Pakistan.
Green Banking Tools for the Implementation of a State's Environmental Policy: Comparative StudyThe active implementation of climate change projects, the latest resource- and nature-saving technologies, and environmental measures for the green growth of na
Authors: MARKHAYEVA Bayanslu , IBRAYEV Alisher Serikbolovich , BEISENOVA Madina , SERIKBAYEVA Gaukhar , ARRIETA-LÓPEZ Milton 
Published: March 2023

The active implementation of climate change projects, the latest resource- and nature-saving technologies, and environmental measures for the green growth of national economies require financial support. Currently, financial resources for environment-related investments and innovations are raised due to the increase of operational activities in banking institutions aimed at introducing green projects on the principles of environmental and socially responsible financing. This modern trend, known in the financial sphere as green banking, becomes relevant in countries where it is quite uncommon (for example, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan). The study aims at identifying the preferred tools for implementing the mechanism of green banking in Russia and Kazakhstan. The comparative analysis of expert opinions from Russia and Kazakhstan allows identifying both similarities and differences regarding the preferred instruments for providing monetary credits by green banking. However, the best lending rates for legal entities are considered the most preferable for experts from both countries.
The authors of the article conclude that the creation of a segment of green products and services in the financial market will serve not only the implementation of the green economy principles but also the formation of an effective environmental policy as a mechanism for implementing sustainable development goals supported by environmental financial policy.
Circular Economy in Ukraine on the Way to European Integration: Directions for Sustainable Management during the War and Post-War Recovery
Authors: SHVEDUN Viktoriia , BULBA Vоlodymyr , BOZHKO Liubov , KUCHER Lesia , KHOLODOK Valentyna , IHNATIEV Oleksandr 
Published: March 2023

The results of the research show that in developed countries, where approximately 16% of the world’s population lives, more than 2 times more solid waste per capita than one Ukrainian, but more than half of this waste is subject to recycling and composting. The results of the correlation analysis have shown that the circular economies of Ukraine and EU countries are very closely connected. Accordingly, the increase in the level of the circular economy in Ukraine in the future will be able to positively affect the environmental situation of other countries of the world. But there are lenient administrative penalties and fines for environmental pollution in Ukraine, as well as low environmental fees, which, in turn, does not encourage producers to move to more expensive principles of circular production on the one hand and does not protect against violating government restrictions on the other hand. Besides, the situation with the development of the circular economy in Ukraine is relevant because of the aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine, when, due to the destruction of infrastructure, including critical one, there is a very strong shortage of energy resources, in particular during the winter period. The paper proposes to develop and implement in Ukraine a targeted comprehensive program for solid waste management, that should provide the main ways to achieve goals and objectives of after-war circular economy development
Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
Authors: Mohany Mohamed , Al-zharani Mohammed , Nasr Fahd A. , El-Wetidy Mohammad S. , Farag Mohamed , Abdel-Mageed Wael M. , El-Gamal Ali , Al-Rejaie Salim S. , Noman Omar M. , Qurtam Ashraf Ahmed , Rudayni Hassan A. , Aleissa Mohammed S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cancer is the second largest cause of mortality worldwide. Many natural bioactive chemicals generated from plants have favorable impacts on health, including cancer chemoprevention, compared to their manufactured counterparts. Persicaline, a novel sulfur-containing imidazoline alkaloid derived from Salvadora persica, has been shown to display promising antioxidant activity. In this study, the antiproliferative activity of persicaline was tested against different cancer cells using (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell death mode and cell-cycle arrest were examined using flow cytometry analysis. In addition, the proapoptotic and molecular mechanism effects of persicaline against mammary MCF-7 cell line were explored. Furthermore, the impact of persicaline on apoptotic genes markers, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were monitored. It was found that persicaline inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Persicaline-treated MCF-7 cells also showed initiation of apoptotic events and G1 cell-cycle arrest. In addition, persicaline treatment led to an increase in ROS generation, Bax and caspase upregulation while the Bcl-2 was downregulated. Hence, for the first time, this study showed that persicaline causes G1 phase arrest and apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells. Increased proapoptotic genes and ROS levels were required for the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of persicaline.
Recent advances in electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid: Mechanism, catalyst, coupling system
Authors: Lin Zhenzhen , Chen Xianlei , Lu Lu , Yao Xin , Zhai Chunyang , Tao Hengcong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Catalytic synthesis of value-added chemicals from sustainable biomass or biomass-derived platform chemicals is an essential strategy for reducing dependency on fossil fuels. As a precursor for the synthesis of important polymers such as polyesters, polyurethanes, and polyamides, FDCA is a monomer with high added value. Meanwhile, due to its widespread use in chemical industry, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has gained significant interest in recent years. In this review, we discuss the electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and summarize the most recent advances in electrode materials from the past 5 years, including reaction mechanisms, catalyst structures, and coupling reactions. First, the effect of pH on the electrocatalytic oxidation of furfural is presented, followed by a systematic summary of the reaction mechanism (direct and indirect oxidation). Then, the advantages, disadvantages, and research progress of precious metal, non-precious metal, and non-metallic HMF electrooxidation catalysts are discussed. In addition, a coupled dual system that combines HMF electrooxidation with hydrogen reduction reaction, CO2 reduction, or N2 reduction for more effective energy utilization is discussed. This review can guide the electrochemical oxidation of furfural and the development of advanced electrocatalyst materials for the implementation and production of renewable resources.
Formvariable Handhabung schmiedewarmer Massivbauteile
Authors: Ince Caner-Veli , Raatz Annika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Die Anforderungen bezüglich der Funktionalität und Ressourceneffizienz massiver Schmiedebauteile nehmen stetig zu. Um diesen zu begegnen, werden neue Verfahren entwickelt, wobei die Automatisierung die Effizienz der Verfahren maßgeblich beeinflusst. In diesem Beitrag werden Handhabungseinrichtungen vorgestellt, die universell einsetzbar sind, wodurch unterschiedliche schmiedewarme Objekte gehandhabt werden können. Dadurch ist die Automatisierung einzelner Verfahren unabhängig von der Wahl der Handhabungseinrichtung gestaltbar und ermöglicht dadurch die Optimierung der Verfahren.