bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation Features of Diurnal Internal Tides West of the Luzon Strait Revealed by a Large PIES Array
Authors: Wang Min , Zhu Xiao-Hua , Zheng Hua , Chen Juntian , Zhao Ruixiang , Liu Zhao-Jun , Ren Qiang , Liu Yansong , Nan Feng , Yu Fei , Wang Jianfeng , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Energetic internal tides (ITs) are generated from the Luzon Strait (LS) and propagate westward into the South China Sea (SCS). Owing to the lack of large-scale synchronous measurements, the propagation features and seasonal variations of diurnal ITs remain unclear. From 2018 to 2019, mode-1 diurnal ITs west of the LS were continuously observed using a large-scale moored array of 27 pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (PIESs) and a thermistor chain. Measurements confirmed that diurnal ITs radiate from the LS with a north–south asymmetrical pattern, with the most energetic channel located in the middle and south of the LS. The total energy radiated into the SCS across 120°E is 2.67 GW for the K1 ITs and 1.54 GW for the O1 ITs, approximately 2 times larger than those inferred from satellite observations. K1 dominates among the diurnal ITs, with its maximum isopycnal displacement (amplitude) and energy input to the SCS being the strongest in summer (i.e., 16.3 m and 2.81 GW, respectively). The propagation speed of K1 is higher in summer and autumn along the main channel (i.e., 4.33and 4.36 m s−1, respectively). Seasonal stratification and circulation play important roles in the seasonal variation of amplitude and propagation speed of the K1 ITs. The seasonal variability of diurnal-band ITs, which includes all diurnal constituents, is location-dependent and primarily results from the superposition of the K1 and P1 ITs. In particular, vertical displacement is strong in summer and winter along the main channel of the K1 and P1 ITs. The seasonal amplitude of K1 can modulate this seasonal feature.

Significance Statement
Internal tides (ITs) are internal waves at tidal frequencies. The Luzon Strait (LS) is one of the most energetic sites to generate large-amplitude ITs. The ITs propagate into the South China Sea (SCS), interact with mesoscale eddies, large-scale circulations, etc., and influence local hydrodynamics as well as ecosystem and sediment transport. This motivated an observation plan to investigate the ITs at the western entrance of the LS. From June 2018 to August 2019, an array of 28 PIESs was deployed in the northeastern SCS, almost covering the western entrance of the LS, to investigate the propagation properties of ITs including their amplitude, phase speed, wavelength, propagation direction, and energy fluxes and their annual and seasonal variations. Here, we primarily focus on the mode-1 diurnal ITs. The new insights enrich our understanding of IT dynamics and seasonal variations and support further improvements in numerical simulations.
The International Monetary System’s Structural Flaws, a Process of Economic Development, and the Job Guarantee
Authors: Rafferty Devin T. 
Published: September 2023

The international monetary system currently suffers from three structural flaws that disproportionately affect developing nations: an asymmetric balance of payments adjustment mechanism, the Triffin Paradox, and an inequity bias against developing nations. Thus, as currently constituted, this global monetary framework is biased against the development prospects of developing nations and is antagonistic to their development efforts. However, the author’s contention is that developing countries can use a Job Guarantee (JG) to address these shortcomings because it offers five significant international macroeconomic benefits that involve presenting developing nations with an enhanced degree of domestic policy options, altering how global liquidity is provisioned and the need for acquiring it, and inciting a direct challenge to the neoliberal conventional wisdom of global political economy. As a result, developing nations can use a JG as a cornerstone in any development strategy that seeks to sustainably mobilize underemployed labor resources and increase productive capacity and utilization rates while remaining free of the structural constraints imposed by the international monetary system. JEL Classification: B52, O11, F40
Acceleration-based condition monitoring of track longitudinal level using multiple regression models
Authors: La Paglia I. , Di Gialleonardo E. , Facchinetti A. , Carnevale M. , Corradi R. 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a condition monitoring system for railway track geometry is presented. The methodology has been designed for high-speed application, where the train travels at the maximum allowed speed for most of the trip. The system is designed to rely on acceleration data recorded by in-service vehicles to provide estimations of the track longitudinal level, based on pre-built regression models. It exploits synthetic indicators sampled over predefined track sections 100 m long. Different predictors are considered, computed both from acceleration data and from track geometry measured by the diagnostic train. The proposed modelling strategy allows distinguishing between isolated and distributed defects that populate the railway track as well as reproducing the evolution over time of the maximum longitudinal level registered in the considered track section; moreover, also accurate predictions of the defect amplitude are made. The results have been validated against track geometry data recorded by the diagnostic train during a monitoring period of 2 years. It is proven that the proposed system could support current maintenance strategies, providing a continuous flow of data to monitor the track infrastructure.
Family Process and Content Factors Predicting COVID-19 Anxiety and Self-Care Behaviors in Adolescents
Authors: Abari Akram Sadat Salehi , Asadi Masoud , Fathi Elham 
Published: September 2023

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the role of family process and content factors in predicting coronavirus anxiety and self-care behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak in adolescents of Iran. Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study. Five hundred Iranian adolescents aged 14 to 18 were selected through the voluntary sampling method. Self-Report Family Process Scale, Self-Report Family Content Scale, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, and Corona Disease Self-care Behavior Questionnaire were used. Results: Pearson correlation and multivariate regression (stepwise method) were used to analyze the data. The results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that decision-making/problem-solving (B = –0.17), and coping skills (B = 0.11), could significantly predict 0.16 of COVID-19 anxiety. In addition, coping skills (B = 0.19), communication skills (B = 0.14), and family cohesion/respect (B = 0.11) could predict 0.29 of self-care behaviors. Regression analysis also showed that job, education (B = –0.17), and time spent together (B = 0.12) could predict 0.20 of COVID-19 anxiety. Furthermore, facilities (B = –0.3/92) could predict 0.20 of self-care behaviors. Conclusions: We can conclude that changes in process and content factors of the family are associated with changes in anxiety and self-care behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Needs of older people living with dementia in low and middle-income Asian countries: A scoping review
Authors: Abdullah JM , Courtney-Pratt Helen , Doherty Kathleen , Andrews Sharon 
Published: September 2023

Background Population ageing in low and middle-income Asian countries is associated with increased prevalence of dementia. The proportion of people with dementia in countries such as Bangladesh and Thailand are increasing. People with dementia can have complex care and health service needs. If these needs are not adequately met, this can result in a decreased quality of life and burden on the health system. There is considerable research into the needs of people with dementia in high-income countries. However, research on the needs of people living with dementia in low and middle-income countries remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to review and summarise the literature on the health and social care needs of older people with dementia in low and middle-income Asian countries. Methods Five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO) and google scholar were searched. The databases were searched using a selection of key words. PRISMA-ScR approach was followed in reporting the process. Key findings We extracted eight studies related to the health and social care needs of people with dementia that met our inclusion criteria. From the available literature, needs were categorised across five categories: (i) social, cognitive, and mental health needs; (ii) physical needs; (iii) care and service needs; (iv) knowledge-related needs; and (v) spiritual care needs. Conclusion While eight papers were located which discussed the needs of people with dementia across a range of domains, this review demonstrates a deficit in the current evidence-base about the health and social care needs of people living with dementia in low and middle-income Asian countries. Further research is needed to identify health and care needs of people with dementia and how these needs are being met.
Nurse-Administered Auricular Point Acupressure for Cancer-Related Pain
Authors: Van de Castle Barb , Lukkahatai Nada , Billing BSN Lynn , Huang Xinran , Wu Hulin , Zhang Jingyu , Abdi Salahadin , Kameoka Jun , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The study aimed to (1) examine the feasibility of providing a training course on auricular point acupressure (APA) for clinical oncology nurses to integrate APA into real-world nursing care settings, and (2) examine the effectiveness of APA on cancer-related pain (CRP) under usual inpatient oncology ward conditions. Methods: This was a 2-phase feasibility study. Phase 1, an in-person, 8 hour training program was provided to oncology nurses. Phase 2, a prospective and feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the integration of APA into nursing care activities to manage CRP. Oncology patients were included if their pain was rated at ≥4 on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale in the past 24 hours. Patients received 1 APA treatment administered by the nurses and were instructed to stimulate the points for 3 days. Study outcomes (pain intensity, fatigue, and sleep disturbance), pain medication use, and APA practice were measured by a phone survey daily. Results: Ten oncology nurses received APA training in phase 1. APA had been added to the hospital’s electronic health records (EHRs) as a pain treatment. In phase 2, 33 oncology patients received APA treatment with a 100% adherence rate (pressing the seeds 3 times per day, 3 minutes per time based on the suggestion). The side effects of APA were minimal (~8%-12% felt tenderness on the ear). After 3 days of APA, patients reported 38% pain relief, 39% less fatigue, and 45% improvement in sleep disturbance; 24% reduced any type of pain medication use and 19% reduced opioid use (10 mg opioids using milligram morphine equivalent). The major barrier to integrating APA into routine nursing practice was time management (how to include APA in a daily workflow). Conclusion: It is feasible to provide 8-hour training to oncology nurses for mastering APA skill and then integrating APA into their daily nursing care for patients with CRP. Based on the promising findings (decreased pain, improved fatigue and sleep disturbance, and less opioid use), the next step is to conduct a randomized clinical trial with a larger sample to confirm the efficacy of APA for oncology nurses to treat CRP in real-world practice. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier number: NCT04040140.
The Effect of Surgical Timing on Upper Extremity Nerve Repair
Authors: Azad Ali , Birnbaum Amy , Roller Rachel , Kingery Matthew T. , Chen Jeffrey , Hacquebord Jacques H. 
Published: September 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between timing of nerve repair and the ability to perform a primary nerve repair versus a bridge repair requiring the use of allograft, autograft, or a conduit in lacerated upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent upper extremity nerve repair for lacerated peripheral nerves identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Timing of injury and surgery, as well as other information such as demographic information, mechanism of injury, site of injury, and type of nerve repair, was recorded. The odds of a patient requiring bridge repair based on the duration of time between injury and surgery was evaluated using logistic regression. Results: A total of 403 nerves in 335 patients (mean age 35.87 ± 15.33 years) were included. In all, 241 nerves were primarily repaired and 162 required bridge repair. Patients requiring bridge repair had a greater duration between injury and surgery compared with patients who underwent primary repair. Furthermore, the nerves requiring bridge repair were associated with a greater gap compared with the nerves repaired primarily. Based on logistic regression, each 1-day increase in duration between injury and surgery was associated with a 3% increase in the odds of requiring bridge repair. Conclusions: There is no defined critical window to achieve a primary nerve repair following injury. This study demonstrated that nerve injuries requiring bridge repair were associated with a significantly greater delay to surgery.
Cannabis sativa a Potential Anticancer Treatment in Melanoma Cancer Cells
Authors: Mukosi Muneiwa , Motadi Lesetja Raymond 
Published: September 2023

Introduction Melanoma cancer is the most aggressive skin cancer type with a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy has been used in the past in treating melanoma cancer, however, the method usually results in toxicity. Therefore, a call has been made to develop cancer treatments using medicinal plants to reduce drug toxicity. The aim of this study was to establish the role of RBBP6 in melanoma cancer development and progression. The hypothesis of this study was that RBBBP6 is highly expressed in melanoma cancer and serves as an early biomarker. Results obtained supported the hypothesis since high expression of RBBP6 in melanoma cancer was observed in untreated control melanoma cells. Methodology 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Cytosmart fluorescence, and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) were used. Results The IC50 values of Cannabis sativa EtOH and MeOH extracts were obtained at 51.31315 and 57.34135 µg/mL, respectively, for A375 cells. Normal cells were used to check if there are any serious cytotoxic effects, IC50 values for Cannabis sativa EtOH and MeOH extracts were obtained at 79.577850 and 59.5754 µg/mL, respectively. RMG-1 cells showed IC50 at 84.748 and 34.66475 µg/mL for Cannabis sativa EtOH and MeOH extracts, respectively. CYTOSMART LUX3 bright field microscope was used for morphological analysis of both A375 and RMG-1 cells and changes were observed after treating with Cannabis sativa EtOH and MeOH extracts. Apoptosis analysis to determine the mode of cell death was done using a CYTOSMART fluorescence microscope. Early apoptotic effects were observed in both Cannabis sativa EtOH and MeOH extracts on A375 cells. Early apoptotic effects were also observed after treating RMG-1 cells with EtOH extract. Caspase 3/7 activity was done on both A375 and RMG-1 cells, and caspase 3/7 activity were increased after treating with Cannabis sativa EtOH and MeOH extracts. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) showed that RBBP6 and BCl2 were down-regulated after treating with Cannabis sativa EtOH and MeOH extracts. Conclusion siRNA co-treatment with EtOH and MeOH extracts resulted in low expression of both RBBP6 and BCl2. P53 was upregulated after treatment with the extracts and co-treatment with the extracts and siRNA.
Methods of assessment of urogenital atrophy and the implication of these in estimated prevalence rates: A review of the literature
Authors: Briggs Paula , Burton Rachel , Mosely Chiara , Sharp Imogen , Mercy Fayosola , Delanerolle Gayathri , Hapangama Dharani K 
Published: September 2023

Urogenital atrophy is thought to affect many peri and post-menopausal women, but lack of an objective, reproducible method to confirm the likely diagnosis, based on symptoms, means that accurate prevalence rates are not available. Background Urogenital atrophy is caused by lack of estrogen, most commonly due to the menopause. Symptoms frequently experienced include vaginal dryness, itching, burning, sexual difficulties and urinary problems, all of which can have a significant adverse effect on quality of life. Effective treatments are available for women with a confirmed diagnosis. The aim of this review is to determine whether a consistent diagnostic intervention exists, to support an accurate indication of prevalence. Materials and Methods This study is a review of the literature. Results A total of 1469 papers were identified on an initial search, including randomised controlled trials, cross sectional and cohort studies. By adoption of a systematic process, the number of papers in the final review was eight. There is inconsistent use of available assessment methods to diagnose urogenital atrophy in symptomatic women. There are no validated clinical assessment tools. Conclusion Absence of a defined intervention with which to confirm a diagnosis of urogenital atrophy, based on symptoms, influences research outcomes, but more importantly affects access to an accurate diagnosis and treatment, for affected women. This would ideally take place in a primary care setting.
Reporting of blood pressure levels and self-monitoring practices: a survey among outpatients diagnosed with hypertension in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Villar Juan Carlos , Vásquez Skarlet Marcell , Balcázar Angela Manuela , López Luz Angela Torres , Barrera Edgar Camilo , Moreno Angélica María 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundRoutine blood pressure (BP) self-monitoring is recommended for patients already diagnosed with hypertension. How often these patients can report their BP levels is unknown, particularly in low-and-middle income countries.MethodsWe surveyed (January 2021 to May 2022) representative samples of patients with established diagnosis of hypertension from 3 health care networks (involving 74 outpatient clinics) and 2 university hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia. Trained health care professionals conducted a telephone survey including questions on demographics, medical history, and general understanding about hypertension and its potential complications. The outcome variables were the self-report of participant’s BP levels (primary) and monitoring practices among participants.ResultsOut of 2609 consecutively contacted patients sampled from institutional records, 2323 were invited and 1566 (mean age 66.5, SD = 12.1 years, 74.4% females, 64.0% living low socio-economic strata) gave consent to participate. While 66% of participants had over 5 years of diagnosis, 39.5% had most (≥ 60%) of their follow-up visits with the same doctor. Overall, 645 (41.5%, 95%CI 39.1 -43.9) participants reported their BP levels. This proportion was independent of time from diagnosis, but higher among those of younger age, living in higher socio-economic strata, having more years of education and using more information technologies. Also, more patients reported their BP levels if seen ≥ 60% of the times by the same physician (43.4% Vs. 36.7%). Those reporting closer BP self-monitoring more often used electronic devices, received 2 + medications, and had better knowledge about hypertension.ConclusionA minority of hypertensive patients seen in Bogotá were aware of their own BP levels. Those in such capacity were in a better social position, more often seen by the same doctor, knew their condition better and handled more complex treatments. Hypertensive patients from Bogotá may benefit from a more continuous medical care, patient education programs and promoting BP home monitoring.
Vancomycin and daptomycin dosing recommendations in patients receiving home hemodialysis using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Lewis Susan J. , Jang Soo Min , Mueller Bruce A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Few drug dosing recommendations for patients receiving home hemodialysis (HHD) have been published which has hindered the adoption of HHD. HHD regimens vary widely and differ considerably from conventional, thrice weekly, in-center hemodialysis in terms of treatment frequency, duration and blood and dialysate flow rates. Consequently, vancomycin and daptomycin clearances in HHD are also likely to be different, consequently HHD dosing regimens must be developed to ensure efficacy and minimize toxicity when these antibiotics are used. Many HHD regimens are used clinically, this study modeled ten common HHD regimens and determined optimal vancomycin and daptomycin dosing for each HHD regimen.

Methods
Monte Carlo simulations using pharmacokinetic data derived from the literature and demographic data from a large HHD program treating patients with end stage kidney disease were incorporated into a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Virtual vancomycin and daptomycin doses were administered post-HHD and drug exposures were determined in 5,000 virtual patients receiving ten different HHD regimens. Serum concentration monitoring with subsequent dose changes was incorporated into the vancomycin models. Pharmacodynamic target attainment rates were determined for each studied dose. The lowest possible doses that met predefined targets in virtual patients were chosen as optimal doses.

Results
HHD frequency, total dialysate volumes and HHD durations influenced drug exposure and led to different dosing regimens to meet targets. Antibiotic dosing regimens were identified that could meet targets for 3- and 7-h HHD regimens occurring every other day or 4–5 days/week. HHD regimens with 3-day interdialytic periods required higher doses prior to the 3-day period. The addition of vancomycin serum concentration monitoring allowed for calculation of necessary dosing changes which increased the number of virtual subjects meeting pharmacodynamic targets.

Conclusions
Doses of vancomycin and daptomycin that will meet desired pharmacodynamic targets in HHD are dependent on patient and HHD-specific factors. Doses used in conventional thrice weekly hemodialysis are unlikely to meet treatment goals. The antibiotic regimens paired with the HHD parameters studied in this analysis are likely to meet goals but require clinical validation.