bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycoplasma and Hemophilus
Authors: Grotelueschen Dale M. 
Published: March 2023

Respiratory disease causes the highest economic loss of feedlot diseases. Diagnosis of infectious diseases occurring in feedlot environments tends to focus primarily on respiratory pathogens. The role of viral entities, including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), parainfluenza-3 (PI3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), in conjunction with Pasteurella hemolytica in respiratory disease is well documented. They are generally regarded by veterinary clinicians as the primary pathogens involved in feedlot respiratory disease. Presence and involvement of other pathogens has been acknowledged and documented. However, their importance, incidence, pathogenicity, and cost to the industry are less well understood.
Diagnostic investigations involving feedlot pathogens of lesser overall economic importance are important in order to address issues including therapy, prevention, and prognosis. Unusually high morbidity and/or mortality in some animal populations give them critical importance in some cases. Client education is also important in order to communicate occurrence of losses that at times mimic more common disease entities or present new diagnostic challenges.
Mycoplasma bovis and Hemophilus somnus are two organisms that produce clinical and subclinical disease resulting in feedlot morbidity and mortality, with accompanying economic loss.
Usefulness of Antemortem Fecal Samples as an Alternative Diagnostic Specimen for the Etiological Diagnosis of Neonatal Calf Scours
Authors: Zeman D. H. 
Published: March 2023

Practitioners commonly face a "diagnostic dilemma" when dealing with neonatal calf scours outbreaks. Most are aware that an ideal specimen for investigating an enteritis problem is an acutely ill, untreated, sacrificed, and immediately necropsied animal. Unfortunately in a diagnostic sense but understandably, the cattle producer does not see this as a very palatable approach. This reluctance is in part due to the fact that one calf represents a significant economic unit to the producer and because many times the animal can be saved with treatment. Therefore, many times the diagnostic lab does not receive acute cases to perform diagnostic tests upon and primary pathogens may be long gone due to chronicity. Postmortem autolysis is another important hindrance to diagnostic success. When calves are treated until they die, the window of opportunity to collect "fresh" tissue is no longer under the veterinarians control when compared to sacrificing the animal and immediately doing a necropsy and properly collecting specimens.
In contrast, swine producers are ready and willing to sacrifice live acutely ill piglets to determine a specific etiological diagnosis and subsequently enjoy a much higher diagnostic success rate (90% or greater). However, when traditional neonatal calf scour submissions (bodies and tissues) are utilized, the diagnostic success rate suffers greatly due to the submission of chronic and/or autolyzed specimens (success less than 70%). One solution to this "diagnostic dilemma" was to analyze and evaluate alternative diagnostic specimens. This South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of SDSU conducted a 6 month study in 1993 with two purposes: 1. to determine the diagnostic success rate of antemortem fecal specimens from calves in the acute stages of diarrhea, relative to the diagnostic success of shipped tissue specimens and to whole bodies brought to the laboratory; and 2. to encourage the use of antemortem fecal specimens as an alternative diagnostic tool, if the study indicated usefulness.
Dynamic Changes in the Dairy Market
Authors: Thomas William A. 
Published: March 2023

Leaders from all parts of the dairy industry are finding out that they have to get up every morning and try to put themselves out of business. They do it because if they do not, someone else will. This is not just because of the 1996 FAIR farm bill. They do it because in today's market, if they do not come up with a better dairy product or a better way of marketing that product, they will fall behind.
The dairy industry is becoming more competitive and more consumer oriented. Today, we are competing on a world wide basis and continued innovation in production techniques and product development and marketing are needed to keep the U.S. dairy industry at the forefront of world agriculture.
Consumers of today are accustomed to getting what they want and the industry must provide that or the customer will go somewhere else. One of the main changes we are seeing in the dairy industry is that we are becoming more market oriented and, thanks to the 1996 farm bill, we are assured that this trend will continue in the future.
I want to divide the discussion of the changes in dairy marketing into four areas: dairy farmers and their cooperatives; the Federal milk marketing order system; the processing sector; and a miscellaneous category including international markets, managing risks, and food safety.
Understanding Cattle Behavior Makes Handling Easier
Authors: Grandin Temple 
Published: March 2023

Cattle are visual animals that are motivated by fear. In the wild they are ever vigilant and any novel sight or sound is perceived as a possible danger. Their ears are more sensitive to high pitched noise than human ears and their wide angle vision enables them to scan the horizon for predators while they are grazing.
Novelty can be both fear inducing and attractive. Calm cattle in a corral will approach and sniff a paper cup on the ground, but that same cup will cause them to balk and turn back if one attempts to force the animals to walk over it. Cattle are most likely to panic when they are suddenly confronted with a novel sight or sound.
Diagnostic Considerations for Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Kennedy George A. 
Published: March 2023

Bovine respiratory disease remains a significant cause of economic loss to the cattle industry1 and source of frustration to the cow/calf sector, the feedlot industry, veterinary practitioners and laboratory diagnosticians.
Numerous contributing factors are involved including weaning stress, shipping, commingling, anatomic and physiologic features of the bovine respiratory tract and multiple infectious agents. The role of many of these agents is currently not fully understood. This has led to the term bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD).2 BRD can be a clinically useful term but to the laboratory diagnostician and the practitioner trying to design a control program or a treatment regimen a more specific etiologic diagnosis is generally necessary.
While numerous infectious agents have been reported to be involved in the BRD complex only a handful appear to be of major etiologic significance (Table 1). Identifying the specific risk factor(s) and agent(s) involved in a particular group of cattle best involves a team approach and this includes feedlot management and personnel, on-site and consulting veterinarians and diagnostic laboratory personnel. Good communication between field veterinarian and the diagnostic laboratory are particularly critical as is an understanding by field veterinarians of the limitations of the various laboratory tests.
Early identification and treatment of sick animals is considered to be the key to success in outbreaks of BRD and early, accurate diagnosis is prerequisite to successful treatment. The inherent time lag in many laboratory tests necessitates that the practitioner often has to act on their initial clinical impression but laboratory confirmation and monitoring can be essential to adjusting treatment and preventative protocols.
Acute maduramicin toxicity in calves
Authors: Shlosberg A. , Perl S. , Harmelin A. , Hanji V. , Bellaiche M. , Bogin E. , Cohen R. , Markusfeld-Nir O. , Shpigel N. , Eisenberg Z. , Furman M. , Brosh A. , Holzer Z. , Aharoni Y. 
Published: March 2023

A herd of 277 beef-breed calves in three age groups with mistakenly given the poultry coccidiostat maduramicin in a total mixed ration. It caused an acute toxicosis in which sudden death was the sole clinical finding in most cases.
Full article published in Veterinary Record (1997) 140, 643-646
Production
Authors: Pritchard R. H. 
Published: March 2023

Bunk management is a vigorously debated subject in the cattle feeding business. That is where my experience lies. I will readily admit that I do not fully understand the nuances of feeding dairy cows. My goal is to share ideas and principles we have learned while finishing cattle because these principles have some application whenever ruminants are being fed to support high levels of production.
The core of concern when managing bunks in a feedlot is controlling acidosis. High concentrations of highly fermentable carbohydrate create the risk. Ruminants were designed to eat until physical fill triggers satiety. Our diets no longer work within the scope of that intake regulation system. So, we reduce bunkspace to increase competition for feed. We feed 2 to 4 times daily to ensure cattle don't experience prolonged hunger and to limit the amount of feed available at any one time. Monensin, which tends to depress intake or at least the rate of consumption (Birkelo and Lounsbery, 1992) is being used again at higher concentrations to regulate consumption rates and intake variability (Stock and Britton, 1993).
We also manage intake simply by restricting variability in feed deliveries. The most dramatic system involves programmed feeding. In this system feed deliveries are intentionally set at some point less than ad libitum. A summary of these systems (Pritchard, 1995) shows that they generally allow equal rate of gain while requiring less feed. In part, this efficiency response may be due simply to reductions in the variability of daily feed deliveries and subsequent variation of Dry Matter Intake (DMI). Galyean et al (1992) observed that it was variability of deliveries that was crucial when limit feeding. Bierman and Pritchard (1997) noted that stable feed delivery rates enhanced efficiency when not using programmed feeding.
Field evaluation of a fenbendazole slow release bolus in the control of nematode infections in first-season cattle
Authors: Bauer C. , Holtemöller H. , Schmid K. 
Published: March 2023

The efficacy of a fenbendozole slow release bolus in controlling nematode infections of first-season cattle was evaluated in a field study in northern Germany.
Full article published in Veterinary Record (1997) 140, 395-399
Improved mask RCNN and cosine similarity using RGBD segmentation for Occlusion handling in Multi Object Tracking
Authors: Pratiwi Siti Hadiyan , Shaniya Putri , Jati Grafika , Jatmiko Wisnu 
Published: March 2023

In this study, additional depth images were used to enrich the information in each image pixel. Segmentation, by its nature capable to process image up to pixel level. So, it can detect up to the smallest part of the object, even when it’s overlapped with another object. By using segmentation, the main goal is to be able to maintain the tracking process longer when the object starts to be occluded until it is severely occluded right before it is completely disappeared. Object tracking based on object detection was developed by modifying the Mask R-CNN architecture to process RGBD images. The detection results feature extracted using HOG, and each of them got compared to the target objects. The comparison was using cosine similarity calculation, and the maximum value of the detected object would update the target object for the next frame. The evaluation of the model was using mAP calculation. Mask R-CNN RGBD late fusion had a higher value by 5% than Mask R-CNN RGB. It was 68,234% and 63,668%, respectively. Meanwhile, the tracking evaluation uses the traditional method of calculating the id switching during the tracking process. Out of 295 frames, the original Mask R-CNN method had ten switching ID times. On the other hand, the proposed method Mask R-CNN RGBD had much better tracking results with switching ids close to 0. Keywords—Occlusion, RGBD, Mask R-CNN, Late fusion, Cosine similarity
Countermeasures for rural domestic wastewater based on ecological environment security: a case study of an MBR-integrated process based on the PVDF@ZrO2 flat membrane, China
Authors: Zhong Na , Kai Fan , Xu Liankui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The harmonious coexistence of humans and nature has reached a broad consensus in the world. Maintaining the health of the ecological environment is the foundation of the existence and development of human civilization, and is also the inevitable choice for human beings to deal with the global ecological environment crisis. As an important factor affecting ecological stability, rural domestic wastewater has been neglected and not treated effectively for a long time because of its special geographical location and development limitations. In this paper, an integrated process of an MBR was applied to rural domestic wastewater treatment, inside which the modified PVDF@ZrO2 membrane was used to replace the traditional PVDF membrane. A series of membrane analyses and project follow-ups have proven that the hydrophilicity, anti-fouling performance of the membrane, and the treated water quality were improved. Meanwhile, this research enlightens us to pay attention to the overall planning, the maintenance of the pipe network, and the stable investment of funds in the treatment of rural domestic wastewater.
Jakich przyjemności będzie doświadczał człowiek zbawiony? Stanowisko św. Tomasza z Akwinu
Authors: Płotka Magdalena 
Published: March 2023

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy przyjemności osób zbawionych, czyli przyjemności (zmysłowych i cielesnych), jakich zbawiony będzie doświadczał w stanie visio beatifica. Choć ze swej natury problem ten jest zagadnieniem teologicznym, wynikającym bezpośrednio z eschatologii chrześcijańskiej, to jednak w niniejszym artykule skupiono się na podstawowych problemach filozoficznych, jakie pojawiły się w badaniach Tomasza z Akwinu. Artykuł obejmuje trzy części. Pierwsza dotyczy ogólnej dyskusji Tomasza z Akwinu na temat przyjemności cielesnej w beatitudo. W szczególności zbadam argument Akwinaty, że przyjemność cielesna jest koniecznym elementem beatitudo i jest immanentna w szczęściu ostatecznym. W drugiej części artykułu przyjrzę się rozumieniu przez Tomasza statusu zmartwychwstałego ciała. Wreszcie w części trzeciej przedstawię poszczególne przyjemności cielesne, których prawdopodobnie doświadczy zbawiony człowiek.
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Zgłoszono: 09/05/2022. Zrecenzowano: 29/06/2022. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 16/09/2022.
Gunkel’s Deconstruction: Between the Fetish and the Need for a Dialectical Renewal
Authors: Chankowski Stanisław 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the essay is to critically analyze the influence of J. Derrida’s deconstruction on David J. Gunkel’s book Deconstruction (MIT Press 2021). Gunkel’s handbook is aimed at making deconstruction a tool of critical thinking accessible to non-professionals. It turns out that accomplishing this task comes at the expense of precisely the critical potential of deconstruction itself. Gunkel is well aware that his arguments are sometimes superficial and overlook deeper problems that should be addressed. Such a failure takes the form of a fetishistic denial, which in psychoanalysis is summarized by the formula “I know well, but all the same.” In turn, deconstruction itself, insofar as it is separated from Kant’s transcendental philosophy and Hegel’s dialectics, becomes an academic ideology. Restoring its proper subversive potential can only be done by returning to a philosophy of reflection, in which the thinker himself must ultimately consider his own position as an author and bring it under criticism. This is the path that Gunkel avoids, because he could then no longer be the author of a handbook on deconstruction, rather than someone who practices deconstruction.
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Received: 4/11/2022. Reviewed: 13/12/2022. Accepted: 20/12/2022.
(Gesichts)züge, Notation and Graphicness of Signs. Deconstruction in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus
Authors: Piekarski Michał 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, I attempt to address some of the themes of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus logico-philosophicus with the aim of their deconstructionist interpretation. My analysis is based on David Gunkel’s book Deconstruction (MIT Press 2021). Based on some of its findings, I show how the Tractatus allows deconstruction and its practice to be thought. I show that the graphic structure of signs is crucial for the young Wittgenstein’s analysis and that it justifies the metaphysical findings in favor of which he argues.
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Received:11/09/2022. Reviewed: 17/11/2022. Accepted: 1/12/2022.
Application of Nanoparticles for Efficient Delivery of Quercetin in
Cancer Cells
Authors: Homayoonfal Mina , Aminianfar Azadeh , Asemi Zatollah , Yousefi Bahman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Quercetin (Qu, 3,5,7,3’, 4’-pentahydroxyflavanone) is a natural polyphenol
compound abundantly found in health food or plant-based products. In recent decades,
Qu has gained significant attention in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutic industries
owning to its wide beneficial therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
and anticancer activities. Despite the favorable roles of Qu in cancer therapy due to its
numerous impacts on the cell signaling axis, its poor chemical stability and bioavailability,
low aqueous solubility as well as short biological half-life have limited its clinical application.
Recently, drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been developed
to overcome such limitations and enhance the Qu biodistribution following administration.
Several investigations have indicated that the nano-formulation of Qu enjoys
more remarkable anticancer effects than its free form. Furthermore, incorporating Qu in
various nano-delivery systems improved its sustained release and stability, extended its
circulation time, enhanced its accumulation at target sites, and increased its therapeutic efficiency.
The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the anticancer
properties of various Qu nano-formulation to augment their effects on different
malignancies. Various targeting strategies for improving Qu delivery, including nanoliposomes,
lipids, polymeric, micelle, and inorganic nanoparticle NPs, have been discussed
in this review. The results of the current study illustrated that a combination of appropriate
nano encapsulation approaches with tumor-oriented targeting delivery might lead to
establishing QU nanoparticles that can be a promising technique for cancer treatment.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Trichosanthes pericarpium to Type 2 Model
Diabetic Mice via Intestinal Bacteria Transplantation
Authors: Wang Yidi , Yuan Huaibo , Wang Suisui , Zeng Tingting 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The treatment of diabetes with plant ingredients such as in Traditional
Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an alternative to classical chemotherapy.

Objective:
This study aims to explore the hypoglycemic effect of Trichosanthes pericarpium powder
(TP) and intestinal bacteria transplantation in type 2 diabetic mice. The relationship between
intestinal bacteria transplantation and improvement in insulin resistance was also investigated.

Methods:
The polyphenols and terpenoids in the TP were identified by LC-MS/MS. Streptozotocin
was used to induce a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic mice were treated with different
doses of TP and the intestinal bacteria obtained from the high-dose TP group for four weeks.

Results:
As a result, FBG levels were found to be significantly reduced in diabetic mice, weight
gain and organ enlargement were alleviated, and insulin resistance was significantly improved. TP
administration also improved the disorder in intestinal bacteria in diabetic mice. Besides, TP can
increase the liver AMPK, SIRT1, GLUT1, and GLUT4 gene expression, while down-regulated
PEPCK and G6Pase gene expression suggest a potential mechanism for hypoglycemia in diabetic
mice.

Conclusion:
Oral administration of Trichosanthes pericarpium powder in the treatment of diabetes
may be achieved by restoring hepatic function, improving insulin resistance, and the dynamic
balance of intestinal bacteria.
Formulation and Characterisation of Fluconazole Loaded MCM-41 Powder
for Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Goswami Ankita Umesh , Raval Mihir , Sheth Navin 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
The use of common carriers like talc for topical drug delivery leads to diminished
efficacy as a result of poor aqueous solubility and low dissolution rate. The objective of this study was to
improve the efficiency of fluconazole topical dosage form using MCM-41 as a carrier material. The aim
was to load fluconazole in carriers like MCM-41 as well as ß-Cyclodextrin and to compare the prepared
powder formulation with the marketed formulations.

Methods:
Fluconazole complex was formulated with the use of MCM-41 and ß-CD as carriers in different
proportions by melt, solvent evaporation and kneading method. The complex was developed into a powder
formulation. These formulations were subjected to in vitro anti-fungal activity tests on candida albicans.

Results:
The inclusion compound was characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC), and FTIR. The optimised method of preparation determined by in vitro dissolution
was the melt method. The optimised formulation was then subjected to anti-fungal activity test.
Formulation B containing MCM-41 as the bulk excipient had better performance than the marketed formulation;
it showed 92.95 ± 0.33% CDR compared to 74.96 ± 0.47% CDR at the end of 1 hour and increased
moisture adsorption.

Conclusion:
Thus, a fluconazole topical formulation with improved drug dissolution and moisture adsorption
was designed. From in vitro tests, it was seen that the prepared formulation had better performance
compared to the commercial formulation against skin mycotic infections and could be used for its
treatment.
Industrial Processing of Commercially Significant Enzymes
Authors: Vimal Archana , Sharma Gauresh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Enzymes are highly specific and highly sensitive biocatalyst proteins that play
important roles in various life processes. As they are proteins, thus, they are composed of
amino acids joined together to form chains. These amino acids are linked by peptide
bonds that form between the amino-terminal and carboxylic end. There is the multifaceted
application of enzymes in various sectors that include food, textile, paints, pharmaceuticals,
leather, oil industries, etc. There is a wide range of sources available for the extraction
of enzymes. The commercially important enzymes are generally harvested from
microbial sources. Some enzymes are produced extracellularly while some enzymes are
produced intracellularly. The production of this bioactive compound could be enhanced
by applying suitable optimization techniques, genetic engineering tools, and other modern
techniques. One of the major challenges in the commercial production of enzymes is
their extraction in pure form without losing their properties. Extraction of enzymes starts
from upstream processing that mainly includes two types of fermentation; one is submerged
fermentation and another one is solid-state fermentation. After upstream processing,
downstream processing is followed which includes cell disruption, filtration,
sedimentation and centrifugation, flocculation and coagulation, and chromatography.
Then, enzyme purification strategies are followed (salting-out method, dialysis, gel filtration,
ion-exchange chromatography, gel electrophoresis. The purpose of down streaming
is to purify and concentrate the enzyme from the complex bulk matrix. A significant
amount of total production cost is contributed by downstream processing. The review
discusses the industrial importance of enzymes and their downstream processing techniques
economically and sustainably.