bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino acid balancing for the prediction and evaluation of protein concentrations in cell‐free protein synthesis systems
Authors: Rolf Jascha , Handke Julian , Burzinski Frank , Lütz Stephan , Rosenthal Katrin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems are an attractive method to complement the usual cell‐based synthesis of proteins, especially for screening approaches. The literature describes a wide variety of CFPS systems, but their performance is difficult to compare since the reaction components are often used at different concentrations. Therefore, we have developed a calculation tool based on amino acid balancing to evaluate the performance of CFPS by determining the fractional yield as the ratio between theoretically achievable and experimentally achieved protein molar concentration. This tool was applied to a series of experiments from our lab and to various systems described in the literature to identify systems that synthesize proteins very efficiently and those that still have potential for higher yields. The well‐established Escherichia coli system showed a high efficiency in the utilization of amino acids, but interestingly, less considered systems, such as those based on Vibrio natriegens or Leishmania tarentolae, also showed exceptional fractional yields of over 70% and 90%, respectively, implying very efficient conversions of amino acids. The methods and tools described here can quickly identify when a system has reached its maximum or has limitations. We believe that this approach will facilitate the evaluation and optimization of existing CFPS systems and provides the basis for the systematic development of new CFPS systems.
Lung cancer risk score for ever and never smokers in China
Authors: Ma Zhimin , Lv Jun , Zhu Meng , Yu Canqing , Ma Hongxia , Jin Guangfu , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Chen Zhengming , Hu Zhibin , Li Liming , Shen Hongbing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost lung cancer risk prediction models were developed in European and North‐American cohorts of smokers aged ≥ 55 years, while less is known about risk profiles in Asia, especially for never smokers or individuals aged < 50 years. Hence, we aimed to develop and validate a lung cancer risk estimate tool for ever and never smokers across a wide age range.MethodsBased on the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort, we first systematically selected the predictors and explored the nonlinear association of predictors with lung cancer risk using restricted cubic splines. Then, we separately developed risk prediction models to construct a lung cancer risk score (LCRS) in 159,715 ever smokers and 336,526 never smokers. The LCRS was further validated in an independent cohort over a median follow‐up of 13.6 years, consisting of 14,153 never smokers and 5,890 ever smokers.ResultsA total of 13 and 9 routinely available predictors were identified for ever and never smokers, respectively. Of these predictors, cigarettes per day and quit years showed nonlinear associations with lung cancer risk (Pnon‐linear < 0.001). The curve of lung cancer incidence increased rapidly above 20 cigarettes per day and then was relatively flat until approximately 30 cigarettes per day. We also observed that lung cancer risk declined sharply within the first 5 years of quitting, and then continued to decrease but at a slower rate in the subsequent years. The 6‐year area under the receiver operating curve for the ever and never smokers’ models were respectively 0.778 and 0.733 in the derivation cohort, and 0.774 and 0.759 in the validation cohort. In the validation cohort, the 10‐year cumulative incidence of lung cancer was 0.39% and 2.57% for ever smokers with low (< 166.2) and intermediate‐high LCRS (≥ 166.2), respectively. Never smokers with a high LCRS (≥ 21.2) had a higher 10‐year cumulative incidence rate than those with a low LCRS (< 21.2; 1.05% vs. 0.22%). An online risk evaluation tool (LCKEY; http://ccra.njmu.edu.cn/lckey/web) was developed to facilitate the use of LCRS.ConclusionsThe LCRS can be an effective risk assessment tool designed for ever and never smokers aged 30 to 80 years.
Umbelliprenin induces autophagy and apoptosis while inhibits cancer cell stemness in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Wang Hongcheng , Liu Yongzhi , Wang Yiwei , Xu Ting , Xia Guanggai , Huang Xinyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundUmbelliprenin is a sesquiterpene coumarin isolated from Artemisia absinthium L. and shows antitumor effects in various cancers by inducing apoptosis. However, the antitumor effect of umbelliprenin in human pancreatic cancer has not been clarified.MethodsThe antitumor effects were determined by MTT and AnnexinV/PI double staining assay in vitro and xenograft mice in vivo. Autophagy was determined via immunofluorescence analysis. Apoptotic or autophagic related proteins were measured by immunoblotting. The pancreatic cancer cell stemness were determined by mammosphere formation and ALDEFLUOR assay.ResultsIt revealed that umbelliprenin inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and pancreatic cancer tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, umbelliprenin induced pancreatic cancer cell BxPC3 apoptosis and autophagy as evidenced by upregulated apoptosis and autophagy‐ related protein expression (p < 0.01). Blocking autophagy by 3‐MA or Atg7 knockout enhanced umbelliprenin‐induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Umbelliprenin also reduced pancreatic cancer cell stemness by reducing Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 mRNA levels (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, umbelliprenin greatly inhibited Akt/mTOR and Notch1 signal pathway.ConclusionUmbelliprenin may be a novel therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer treatment.
Ceramic Membranes for Citrus Fruit Juice Clarification: A Systematic Review
Authors: Satyannarayana K.V.V. , Kumar R. Vinoth , Mathaji C. Bharath , Singh Randeep , Ahn Young‐Ho , Chen Shiao‐Shing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMembrane separation processes are becoming a significant part of fruit juice processing industries because of their excellent selectivity, absence of thermal and chemical treatments, and energy efficiency. Specifically, the applicability of ceramic membranes in citrus fruit juice clarification is more promising as they are highly stable in a corrosive environment and have a longer lifetime. However, ceramic membranes are costlier than polymeric membranes due to the high cost of raw materials. Therefore, numerous alternative low‐cost precursors for making the ceramic membrane are being utilized. Accordingly, the current review is focused on the different low‐cost raw materials and various fabrication methods to synthesize different ceramic membranes. Further, the ceramic membrane's application in fruit juice clarification is intensely discussed. In any membrane separation process, fouling is an unavoidable constraint. In the current review, various mechanisms involved in fouling are emphasized in detail. In addition, a variety of techniques to reduce fouling are extensively deliberated. Furthermore, ceramic membranes' challenges and future perspectives for further development are also systematically highlighted.
Emerging Clusteroluminescence from Complexes between Carbonyl‐Based Polymers and Organic Base†
Authors: Lu Hongwei , Xie Yuan , Zhang Ziteng , Zhang Zhiming , Sun Jing Zhi , Zhang Haoke , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe study of luminescence phenomena in non‐conjugated systems, namely clusteroluminescence, has gained significant attention for the development of advanced luminescent materials. While conventional strategies to manipulate the luminescent performances are based on complicated chemical reactions. In contrast, nature employs complexation to modulate luminescence, inspiring researchers to adopt an engineering approach for the construction of efficient clusteroluminogens. In this work, we explore the complexation‐ induced clusteroluminescence of carbonyl‐based polymers with nitrogen‐containing organic bases, exemplified by polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, and poly(monothiocarbonate). The results demonstrate an increase in the intrinsic 440 nm emission of carbonyl groups and the emergence of new emission peaks upon complexation. The study proposes a through‐space n‧‧‧π complex mechanism, highlighting the potential of complexation as a strategy for modulating the clusteroluminescent properties of non‐conjugated systems. Further research is necessary to unravel underlying mechanisms, optimize cluster structures, and explore new materials for complexation, thereby advancing optoelectronics and photonics fields and enabling practical applications of clusteroluminescent materials.
Modeling essential hypertension with a closed‐loop mathematical model for the entire human circulation
Authors: Celant Morena , Toro Eleuterio F. , Bertaglia Giulia , Cozzio Susanna , Caleffi Valerio , Valiani Alessandro , Blanco Pablo J. , Müller Lucas O. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArterial hypertension, defined as an increase in systemic arterial pressure, is a major risk factor for the development of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. Every year, 9.4 million deaths worldwide are caused by complications arising from hypertension. Despite well‐established approaches to diagnosis and treatment, fewer than half of all hypertensive patients have adequately controlled blood pressure. In this scenario, computational models of hypertension can be a practical approach for better quantifying the role played by different components of the cardiovascular system in the determination of this condition. In the present work we adopt a global closed‐loop multi‐scale mathematical model for the entire human circulation to reproduce a hypertensive scenario. In particular, we modify the model to reproduce alterations in the cardiovascular system that are cause and/or consequence of the hypertensive state. The adaptation does not only affect large systemic arteries and the heart but also the microcirculation, the pulmonary circulation and the venous system. Model outputs for the hypertensive scenario are validated through assessment of computational results against current knowledge on the impact of hypertension on the cardiovascular system.
Enhancing Diradical Character of Chichibabin's Hydrocarbon through Fluoride Substitution
Authors: Kundu Gargi , Dash Soumya Ranjan , Kumar Ravi , Vanka Kumar , Ghosh Aryya , Sen Sakya S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, 5‐SIDipp [SIDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene] (1) derived Chichibabin's hydrocarbon with an octafluorobiphenylene spacer (3) has been reported. The addition of two equivalents of 5‐SIDipp with decafluorobiphenyl in presence of BF3 gives the double C−F bond activated imidazolium salt with two tetrafluoroborate anions, 2. Further reduction of 2 gives the fluorine substituted 5‐SIDipp based Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, 3. Quantum chemical calculations suggested a singlet state of 3 with a singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔES‐T) of 3.7 kcal mol−1, which is substantially lower with respect to the hydrogen substituted NHC‐based Chichibabin's hydrocarbons (10.7 kcal mol−1, B3LYP). As a result, the diradical character (y) of 3 (y=0.62) is also noticeably higher than the hydrogen substituted CHs (y=0.41–0.43). The ▵ES‐T was found to be higher in CASSCF (22.24 kcal mol−1) and CASPT2 (11.17 kcal mol−1) for 3 and the diradical character (d) is 44.6 %.
Magnetic regulation on evaporation behavior of ferrofluid sessile droplets
Authors: Wang Qi‐yue , Zhu Gui‐ping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractActive magnetic regulation is an emerging subject due to the special and programmable wettability of the sessile ferrofluid droplet. The interaction between liquid and externally applied magnetic field gives rise to controllable spreading and thus evaporation. This work reports the experimental and numerical results of the natural evaporation of a ferrofluid droplet under the effect of a nonuniform magnetic field. The evaporation process of droplets is described into two stages in terms of the geometric distortion and the appearance of the deposition pattern. The presence of the magnetic field leads to a transition of droplet drying from the disk shape with a ring to multiple peaks. A numerical model is established to simulate the evaporation process of ferrofluid droplets with the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method for tracking droplet deformation. The increasing magnetic flux could effectively enlarge the contact radius and enhance the internal flow of the ferrofluid droplet, thus promoting the evaporation process. The numerical results are verified by comparing the droplet geometry deformation with the experimental results. In both the numerical and experimental investigations, the externally applied magnetic field shortens the process of ferrofluid droplet evaporation. The design and optimization of the magnetic field play an important role in regulating ferrofluid droplet evaporation, which in turn facilitates technological advances in industries such as evaporative cooling and inkjet printing.
Catalytic epoxidation of palm oleic acid by heterogeneous catalysts: Optimization and kinetic model
Authors: Azmi Intan Suhada , Azlee Nor Azleena Mohd , Jalil Mohd Jumain 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEpoxidized vegetable oils can produce a natural‐based polymer product as chemical reaction intermediates, plasticisers, and stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride. This study aims to identify the effects of using different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and the effect of different molar ratios of hydrogen peroxide on relative conversion to oxirane. Epoxidized palm oil was produced in situ using performic acid as epoxidation agents and titanium dioxide as a catalyst. The results indicated that a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide at 50% concentration and the ratio of 2:1 of hydrogen peroxide to palm oil used in the in situ epoxidation of had provided a higher relative conversion to oxirane (50%) in reaction time (70 min). Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of an oxirane group at 1200 cm−1. Numerical kinetic modeling was developed with applied genetic algorithm optimization to find the process model that fit experimental data. Then, the kinetic rate, k parameters obtained k11 = 0.031 mol L−1 min−1, k12 = 3.159 mol L−1 min−1, k2 = 2.620 mol L−1 min−1 for epoxidation palm oil, and k3 = 1.19 × 10−5 mol L−1 min−1 in degradation process.
Strategic avoidance of food stimuli in patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa: An eye‐tracking evaluation
Authors: Meregalli Valentina , Tenconi Elena , Cardi Valentina , Bonifanti Antonio , Meneguzzo Paolo , Favaro Angela , Collantoni Enrico 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveA biased attentional processing of food stimuli may represent a disorder maintenance factor in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study aimed at investigating the temporal course of attentional deployment towards both high‐calorie and low‐calorie foods in patients with AN using eye‐tracking.MethodFifty‐two patients with restrictive AN and 54 healthy controls (HC) performed a dot‐probe task while their gaze was recorded with an eye‐tracking system. The direction bias (percentage of trials in which the gaze was directed towards the food at first fixation, 500, and 1500 ms), and the duration bias (percentage of time spent looking at the food) were extracted.ResultsRegarding the direction bias, a group by time interaction emerged (F = 3.29, p = 0.038): while in the control group the bias continued to increase over the course of the trial, patients with AN showed a reduction of the bias between the 500 and 1500 ms. No group differences were observed on the duration bias.ConclusionsIn advanced stages of attentional deployment patients with AN start to differ from HC by diverting their attention away from food stimuli, a strategic process that may contribute to food avoidance and calorie restriction.
Rethinking the pathway to sustainable fire retardants
Authors: Feng Jiabing , Liu Lei , Zhang Yan , Wang Qingsheng , Liang Hong , Wang Hao , Song Pingan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlame retardants are currently used in a wide range of industry sectors for saving lives and property by mitigating fire hazards. The growing fire safety requirements for materials boost an escalating demand for consumption of fire retardants. This has significantly driven both the industry and scientific community to pursue sustainable fire retardants, but what makes a sustainable flame retardant? Here an overview of recent advances in sustainable flame retardants is offered, and their renewable raw materials, green synthesis and life cycle assessments are highlighted. A discussion on key challenges that hinder the innovation of fire retardants and design principles for creating truly sustainable yet cost‐effective fire retardants are also presented. This short work is expected to help drive the development of sustainable, cost‐effective fire retardants, and expedite the creation of a more sustainable and safer society.
The relation between epidermal growth factor receptor mutations profiles and smoking patterns in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Parvar Seyedeh Yasamin , Rezvani Alireza , Ghaderpanah Rezvan , Hefzosseheh Mohammadhossein , Rafiei Shakila , Monabati Ahmad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases, with smoking being a critical risk factor. The identification of NSCLC patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, sensitized to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has revolutionized treatment plans, resulting in improved clinical responses and reduced chemotherapy toxicity. This study aimed to assess the relationship between EGFR mutations and smoking patterns in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma referred to major pathologic laboratories.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 217 NSCLC patients aged above 18 years. Molecular abnormalities of the EGFR gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of exons 18–21 accompanied by Sanger sequencing. Then, the data were analyzed using the SPSS 26 software. Logistic regression analysis, χ2 test, and Mann–Whitney U test were used to evaluate the relation between EGFR mutations and smoking patterns.ResultsEGFR mutations were identified in 25.3% of patients, predominantly involving deletion in exon 19 (61.8%). For most of the mutant EGFR patients, the majority were nonsmokers (81.8%), and 52.7% were female patients. Besides, the median duration of smoking was 26 years and the median frequency of smoking was 23 pack‐years in the mutant EGFR group, both of which were lower compared to the wild mutant group. Moreover, female gender, current, and heavy smoking were significantly correlated with EGFR mutations based on the univariate logistic regression analysis (p: 0.004, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsFemale gender and nonsmoker status were strongly associated with positive EGFR mutations. While guidelines traditionally recommended EGFR testing primarily for female nonsmokers with advanced NSCLC, our study in line with the recently published evidence has shown a significant prevalence of positive EGFR mutations among male patients and smokers. Therefore, routine mutation testing is suggested for all NSCLC patients. Considering the limited access to EGFR testing laboratories in developing countries, the results of such epidemiological surveys can assist oncologists in choosing the most suitable treatment plan.
Antioxidant dihydrolipolic acid protects against in vitro aluminum‐induced toxicity
Authors: Sanajou Sonia , Yirün Anil , Demirel Göksun , Çakir Deniz Arca , Şahin Gönül , Erkekoğlu Pinar , Baydar Terken 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) is a natural antioxidant known for its ability to counteract metal toxicity and oxidative stress. It has shown the potential to safeguard cells from harmful environmental substances. It may hold therapeutic benefits in treating neurodegenerative disorders by defending against oxidative damage and chronic inflammation. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of DHLA against aluminum (Al)‐induced toxicity using an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model in vitro. The study focused on two important pathways: GSK‐3β and the Wnt signaling pathways. The SH‐SY5Y cell line was differentiated to establish AD, and the study group were as follows: control, Al, DHLA, Al‐DHLA, AD, AD‐Al, AD‐DHLA, and AD‐Al‐DHLA. The impact of DHLA on parameters related to oxidative stress was assessed. The activity of the GSK‐3β pathway was measured by evaluating the levels of PPP1CA, PP2A, GSK‐3β, and Akt. The Wnt signaling pathway was assessed by measuring Wnt/β‐catenin in the different study groups. Exposure to DHLA significantly reduced oxidative stress by effectively decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species, thereby protecting against protein oxidation and limiting the production of malonaldehyde. Moreover, the DHLA‐treated groups exhibited a remarkable increase in the total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the study observed an upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and a downregulation of the GSK‐3β pathway in the groups treated with DHLA. In summary, the neuroprotective effects of DHLA, primarily achieved by reducing oxidative stress and modulating critical imbalanced pathways associated with AD, indicate its potential as a promising addition to the treatment regimens of AD patients.
Effect of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on In‐Hospital Outcomes Based on Renal Function Among Critically Ill Patients: Findings From the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Database
Authors: Zhang Chong , Hou Tian‐Hua , Wang Fei , Hao Cui‐Jun , Ning Meng , Shen He‐Chen , Chen Yi , Liu Ying‐Wu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRenal dysfunction is associated with increased mortality and length of hospital stay in critically ill patients. However, it remains unclear whether the early administration of an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) for intensive care unit patients with renal dysfunction is associated with reduced in‐hospital mortality. We conducted a retrospective analysis of critically ill patients who received early administration of an ACEI/ARB within 72 hours after being hospitalized. Patients were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. We included 18,986 critically ill patients in our analysis. After propensity score matching, our final study cohort of 4974 patients consisted of patients who received early administration of an ACEI/ARB (n = 2487) and nonusers (n = 2487). Results of logistic regression showed that early administration of an ACEI/ARB was associated with reduced risk of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.77; P < .001) and intensive care unit death (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.70; P < .001) when compared to nonusers. There was no meaningful interaction for early administration of an ACEI/ARB versus nonusers across estimated glomerular filtration rate in outcomes. Sensitivity analysis showed there was no difference in the outcomes between early administration of ACEI and that of ARB. In this study, we found that early administration of an ACEI/ARB was associated with a reduced risk of in‐hospital adverse outcomes based on renal function among critically ill patients. There was no interaction between early administration of an ACEI/ARB and in‐hospital adverse outcomes across estimated glomerular filtration rate.