bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Patients With Septic Shock Caused by Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Xie Fangnan , Wang Li , Chen Long , Li Shuanling , Shen Qiulong , Li Xianling , Liu Tingting , Chen Yongwei , Wang Dayong 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of septic shock in pediatric patients caused by acute appendicitis.

Methods
This case series included patients with septic shock caused by acute appendicitis in Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2015 and December 2020.

Results
Six patients with septic shock caused by acute appendicitis were enrolled. One patient was an infant with extremely low weight; 2 patients were obese. The diagnosis was delayed in 4 patients (the time from onset to diagnosis was 5 days in 3 children and 4 days in 1 child). All patients had abnormally raised inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein 119.17 ± 48.36 mg/L, procalcitonin 129.95 ± 86.09 ng/mL). Severe abdominal infection was found in all patients. There was appendix perforation in 4 patients and diffused peritonitis in 3 patients. Two patients had metabolic diseases (Wilson disease and decreased biotinase activity, respectively). Five patients had an appendectomy and 1 patient received conservative treatment. Five patients were discharged in stable condition, while 1 patient died.

Conclusions
Children with delayed diagnosis, abnormal body weight, significant elevation in inflammatory markers, and underlying metabolic disease may be at greater risk of complicated appendicitis and septic shock.

Evidence-Based Medicine
Level of Evidence: IV
Evaluating Multiple Magnet Ingestion at 2 Large Canadian Pediatric Hospitals After Reintroduction to the US Marketplace
Authors: Grandjean-Blanchet Charlotte , Eltorki Mohamed , Strickland Matt , Kang Ann , Wen Aaron , Rosenfield Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
To determine the trend in incidence of pediatric magnet ingestions at 2 large Canadian tertiary pediatric hospitals after reintroduction of magnets to the US marketplace and to evaluate morbidity and mortality related to these ingestions.

Methods
This was a retrospective study performed in 2 tertiary care pediatric hospitals between 2004 and 2019. We reviewed the charts of all children who presented with a foreign body ingestion and included those with reported magnet ingestion. We characterized all events and compared the incidence rate before and after the US ban was overturned in 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize our results. Incidence rate ratio was calculated using the total number of magnet ingestion cases and total emergency department visits normalized to 100,000 emergency department visits/year.

Results
We screened a total of 6586 ingestions and identified 192 patients with magnet ingestions. The period after the mandatory recall was compared with the period after the US ban revocation yielding an incidence rate ratio of 0.76 for all magnet ingestions (P = 0.15) and 0.73 (P = 0.34) for multiple magnet ingestions. There was, however, a graphical upward trend that immediately followed the US ban revocation. Sixty-nine patients (36%) were admitted to the hospital and 45 (23%) required a procedure to remove the magnet ingested. No deaths occurred.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the overturning of the US ban did not lead to a significant increase in the incidence of rare earth magnet ingestion in 2 large tertiary pediatric hospitals in Canada despite noting a trend upwards.
Imaging Evaluation for Thoracic Spine Fractures in Pediatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Ibrahim Ala , Amirabadi Afsaneh , Aquino Michael R. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Imaging workup for evaluating thoracic spine fracture (TSF) in pediatric blunt trauma is variable.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to determine the number of TSFs missed by radiography and identified on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that required intervention or resulted in a change in management.

Methods
A retrospective review of children with TSFs was performed. Diagnostic images and reports for these patients were reviewed. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes were extracted from institutional electronic medical records. Use of radiographs, CT, and MRI for evaluation of TSF was quantified. Incidence of TSFs was calculated and stratified by mechanism. The number of TSFs and complicating factors missed on radiography but identified on subsequent CT or MRI were quantified.

Results
Three thousand two hundred sixty-five trauma patients 18 years or younger were reviewed. Of these, 3.3% (90/3265) had TSFs (36 females, 54 males; mean age, 10.80 ± 4.4 years). The most common mechanism of injury was fall (43% [39/90]) followed by motor vehicle collisions (30% [27/90]). The most common fracture was simple compression fracture 64%, which occurred most frequently in the mid thoracic spine, followed by transverse process fractures 19% and spinous process fractures 7%. Almost half of all TSFs diagnosed on CT and/or MRI were missed on initial radiographs. While all fractures that required operative management were identified on radiographs, 13 of the 19 fractures that required nonoperative intervention were missed.

Conclusions
Approximately 50% of TSFs diagnosed on CT or MRI were not identified on preceding radiographs. This is similar to studies in adult populations that show poor sensitivity of radiographs.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Provides a Clear Picture of a Klatskin Tumor That 18F-FDG PET/CT Missed
Authors: Al-Ibraheem Akram , Al-Qasem Soud , El Khaldi Mousa , Amarin Rula 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Klatskin tumor, also known as hilar cholangiocarcinoma, was clearly demonstrated in this case report by contrasting 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the same patient. This instance exemplifies a false-negative 18F-FDG PET/CT for the main tumor site, despite positive 68Ga-FAPI uptake at the same location.
Comparison of 18F-FDOPA and 18F-MFBG PET/CT Images of Metastatic Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Wei Feng , Wu Biao , Ling Xueying , Gong Jian , Xu Hao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A 30-year-old man with pheochromocytoma was hospitalized for hemoptysis without inducement. CT revealed a mass in the left lung, and biopsy pathology under the bronchoscope suggested that it was a pheochromocytoma metastasis. To further identify the location of the metastatic lesions, the patient was enrolled in a clinical trial and underwent 18F-FDOPA and 18F-MFBG PET/CT. Images from both examinations showed similar lesions. However, the lesions differed in that the uptake of some lesions was significantly higher with 18F-FDOPA than with 18F-MFBG, whereas the para-aortic lesion was active in 18F-MFBG but not in 18F-FDOPA.
Various Types of Facial-Angular Artery-Based Flaps for Reconstructing Oral and Maxillofacial Defects Following Cancer Ablation
Authors: Chen Wei-liang , Zhou Bin , Huang Zi-xian , Chen Rui , Dong Xiao-yu 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The flap based on the facial-angular vessels (FAVs) has several names and cannot capture the hemodynamics.

Aims:
This study was performed to assess the reliability of various types of flaps based on the FAVs for reconstructing oral and maxillofacial defects following cancer ablation.

Patients and Methods:
Forty-three oral and maxillofacial defects were reconstructed with facial-angular artery island flaps (FAAIF, n=14), including V-Y advancement-type and rotation-type flaps based on FAVs and reverse-flow FAAIFs (R-FAAIF, n=29), including ipsilateral, contralateral rotation, full-thickness, and folded types, based on distal FAVs following cancer ablation. The patients (25 males and 18 females) ranged in age from 18 to 82 years. The lesions included basal cell carcinoma (n=26), squamous cell carcinoma (n=8), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n=3), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n=3), verrucous carcinoma (n=2), and nodular melanoma (n=1). The tumors were classified as clinical stage I to III in 12, 25, and 6 cases, respectively. Lesions were observed in orbital (n=4), infraorbital (n=14), glabellar (n=2), nasal (n=4), cheek (n=10), upper lip (n=3), palate (n=4), and lower gingival (n=2) regions. The defects ranged in size from 2.0×2.5 to 5.0×12.0 cm. The skin paddle ranged in size from 1.5×3.0 to 4.0×12.0 cm.

Results:
There was 1 flap failure, resulting in a flap success rate of 97.7%. Complications, including hematoma, infection, wound dehiscence, and fistula, occurred in 15 (34.9%) patients. Limitations of mouth opening and ectropion occurred in 12 (28.0%) patients. The esthetic outcomes were satisfactory in 36 (83.7%) patients but were not significantly different between the FAAIF and R-FAAIF groups. The patients were followed up for 6 to 60 months. At the time of the last follow-up, 27 (62.8%) patients were alive with no disease, 9 (20.9%) were alive with disease, and 7 (16.3%) had died due to their disease. There was no significant survival difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
Various types of FAV-based flaps are valuable reconstructive options for the treatment of oral and maxillofacial defects following clinical stage I–III cancer ablation.
Exogenous TGFβ1 and its mimic HpTGM attenuate the heart’s inflammatory response to ischaemic injury and improve long term cardiac outcomes
Authors: Redgrave Rachael E. , Singh Esha , Tual-Chalot Simon , Park Catherine , Hall Darroch , Bennaceur Karim , Smyth Danielle J. , Maizels Rick M. , Spyridopoulos Ioakim , Arthur Helen M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRationaleSuccessful and timely coronary reperfusion following acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is standard therapy to salvage transiently ischaemic heart muscle. However, the subsequent inflammatory response within the infarct can lead to further loss of viable myocardium. Robust interventions are required in the acute MI setting to minimise cardiac injury and reduce risk of further detrimental progression.ObjectiveTGFβ1 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine released endogenously in response to infection or tissue injury. The goal of this study was to investigate its protective effects when given exogenously following myocardial infarction.Methods and ResultsTGFβ1 is found at increased levels in the blood of STEMI patients immediately following myocardial infarction. We observe a significant correlation (p=0.003) between higher circulating TGFβ1 levels at 24h post MI and a reduction in infarct size over the following 3 months, suggesting that an early increase in circulating TGFβ1 is protective in these patients. Using a mouse model of cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion we demonstrate that additional exogenous TGFβ1 delivered in the acute setting has multiple beneficial outcomes. At 24 hours post-reperfusion It leads to a significantly smaller infarct size (30% reduction, p=0.025), reduced inflammatory infiltrate (28% reduction, p=0.015), lower intra-cardiac expression of inflammatory cytokines IL1β and CCL2 (>50 % reduction, p=0.038 and 0.0004, respectively) and reduced scar size at 4 weeks (21% reduction, p=0.015). Furthermore exogenous delivery of an equivalent dose of HpTGM, a recently described low-fibrogenic mimic of TGFβ1, secreted by a helminth parasite to evade immune rejection, has an almost identical protective effect on injured mouse hearts. Furthermore using a genetic approach we show the benefit is mediated by the vascular endothelium.ConclusionsThis work reveals the potential of exogenous TGFβ1 and HpTGM delivered in the acute MI setting to provide protective anti-inflammatory effects and reduce infarct size, leading to a smaller scar and reduced detrimental progression.
Increased activity of IRE1 improves the clinical presentation of EAE
Authors: Bracchi-Ricard Valerie , Nguyen Kayla , Ricci Daniela , Gaudette Brian , Henao-Meija Jorge , Brambilla Roberta , Martynyuk Tetyana , Gidalevitz Tali , Allman David , Bethea John R. , Argon Yair 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActivation of the ER stress sensor IRE1α contributes to neuronal development and is known to induce neuronal remodelingin vitroandin vivo. On the other hand, excessive IRE1 activity is often detrimental and may contribute to neurodegeneration. To determine the consequences of increased activation of IRE1α, we used a mouse model expressing a C148S variant of IRE1α with increased and sustained activation. Surprisingly, the mutation did not affect the differentiation of highly secretory antibody-producing cells, but exhibited a strong protective effect in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Significant improvement in motor function was found in IRE1C148S mice with EAE relative to WT mice. Coincident with this improvement, there was reduced microgliosis in the spinal cord of IRE1C148S mice, with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. This was accompanied by reduced axonal degeneration and enhanced CNPase levels, suggestiing improved myelin integrity. Interestingly, while the IRE1C148S mutation is expressed in all cells, the reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and in the activation of microglial activation marker IBA1, along with preservation of phagocytic gene expression, all point to microglia as the cell type contributing to the clinical improvement in IRE1C148S animals. Our data suggest that sustained increase in IRE1α activity can be protectivein vivo, and that this protection is cell type and context dependent. Considering the overwhelming but conflicting evidence for the role of the ER stress in neurological diseases, a better understanding of the function of ER stress sensors in physiological contexts is clearly needed.
Arabidopsis thalianasubclass I ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTORs regulate nuclear organization and gene expression
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoko , Higaki Takumi , Takatsuka Hirotomo , Kutsuna Natsumaro , Ogata Yoshiyuki , Hasezawa Seiichiro , Umeda Masaaki , Inada Noriko 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR (ADF) is a conserved protein that regulates the organization and dynamics of actin microfilaments. Eleven ADFs in theArabidopsis thalianagenome are grouped into four subclasses, and subclass I ADFs, ADF1–4, are all expressed throughout the plant. Previously, we showed that subclass I ADFs function in the regulation of the response against powdery mildew fungus as well as in the regulation of cell size and endoreplication. Here, we report a new role of subclass I ADFs in the regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. Through a microscopic observation of epidermal cells in mature leaves, we found that the size of chromocenters in bothadf4and transgenic lines where expression of subclass IADFs are downregulated (ADF1-4Ri) was reduced compared with that of wild-type Col-0.A. thalianapossesses eightACTINgenes, among whichACT2,-7, and-8are expressed in vegetative organs. The chromocenter size inact7, but not in theact2/8double mutant, was enlarged compared with that in Col-0. Microarray analysis revealed that 1,818 genes were differentially expressed inadf4andADF1-4Ri. In particular, expression of 22 nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes, which are involved in effector-triggered plant immunity, was reduced inadf4andADF1-4Ri. qRT-PCR confirmed the altered expressions shown with microarray analysis. Overall, these results suggest that ADF regulates various aspects of plant physiology through its role in regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. The mechanism how ADF and ACTIN regulate nuclear organization and gene expression is discussed.
Structural rather than catalytic role for mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes
Authors: Brischigliaro Michele , Cabrera-Orefice Alfredo , Arnold Susanne , Viscomi Carlo , Zeviani Massimo , Fernández-Vizarra Erika 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTMammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes are able to associate into quaternary structures named supercomplexes (SCs), which normally coexist with non bound individual complexes. The functional significance of SCs has not been fully clarified and the debate has been centered on whether or not they confer catalytic advantages to the non-bound individual complexes. Mitochondrial respiratory chain organization does not seem to be conserved in all organisms. In fact, and differently from mammalian species, mitochondria fromDrosophila melanogastertissues are characterized by low amounts of SCs, despite the high metabolic demands and MRC activity shown by these mitochondria. Here, we show that attenuating the biogenesis of individual respiratory chain complexes was accompanied by increased formation of stable SCs, which are missing inDrosophila melanogasterin physiological conditions. This phenomenon was not accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial respiratory activity. Therefore, we conclude that SC formation is necessary to stabilize the complexes in suboptimal biogenetic conditions, but not for the enhancement of respiratory chain catalysis.
Validation of polymorphic Gompertzian model of cancer throughin vitroandin vivodata
Authors: Soboleva Arina , Kaznatcheev Artem , Cavill Rachel , Schneider Katharina , Staňková Kateřina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMathematical modeling plays an important role in our understanding and targeting therapy resistance mechanisms in cancer. The polymorphic Gompertzian model, analyzed theoretically by Viossat and Noble, describes a heterogeneous cancer population consisting of therapy sensitive and resistant cells. This theoretically promising model has not previously been validated with real-world data. In this study, we provide this validation. We demonstrate that the polymorphic Gompertzian model successfully captures trends in bothin vitroandin vivodata on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) dynamics under treatment. Additionally, for thein vivodata of tumor dynamics in patients undergoing treatment, we compare the polymorphic Gompertzian model to the classical oncologic models, which were previously identified as the models that fit this data best. We show that the polymorphic Gompertzian model can successfully capture the U-shape trend in tumor size during cancer relapse, which can not be fitted with the classical oncologic models. In general, the polymorphic Gompertzian model corresponds well to bothin vitroandin vivoreal-world data, suggesting it as a candidate for improving the efficacy of cancer therapy, for example through evolutionary/adaptive therapies.
Peanut Shell Carbon Nanocellulose Preparation, Analysis and Plausible Role in Regenerative Medicine Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Line C3H10t1/2
Authors: Kannupriya  , Bhatia Yeshika , Rai Seemha , Mahajan Nidhi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeanut Shell is a major agro industry waste. Cellulose, the most abundant crystalline component of naturally porous peanut shell biomass. Nanomaterial science has actively used peanut shell as a source of nanocellulose. However, there are few reports on the biocompatibility of cellulose nanocrystal based nanocomposites from agro on mesenchymal cell lines. To evaluate how mesenchymal stem cells behave onto this scaffold in vitro, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) made from peanut shells were combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to create tissue engineering scaffolds. SEM images illustrated that for PVA/CNC nanocomposites and clean PVA respectively, increasing the CNC concentration was accompanied with pore size enlargement. The nanocomposite’s three-dimensional porous structure conveyed uneven and intertwined pore structures in additionto the pore distribution. The highest relative crystallinity was observed at 10 wt% of CNCs, according to X-ray diffraction, which also showed that the relative crystallinity of the PVA with 0 and 5 wt% of CNCs was lower than that of neat PVA. In order to confirm the modifications in chemical functional groups, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized. The non-cytotoxicity of PVA/CNC_10% was measured for cell viability during an in vitro cytotoxicity test. Additionally, the acquired PVA/biocompatibility CNC’s with the Murine Mesenchymal cell line (C 3H 10T 1/2) demonstrated good cell spreading and adherence to the material surfaces. These results suggest that future research into the in vitro integration of mesenchymal cells with a PVA/CNC scaffold can prove to be a promising candidate for regenerative purposes.
Energetic driving force for LHCII clustering in plant membranes
Authors: Manna Premashis , Hoffmann Madeline , Davies Thomas , Richardson Katherine H. , Johnson Matthew P. , Schlau-Cohen Gabriela S. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTPlants protect themselves against photodamage from excess energy using a process known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). A significant fraction of NPQ is induced by a ΔpH across the membrane, which changes the conformation, composition, and organization of the antenna complexes. In particular, clustering of the major light-harvesting complex (LHCII) has been observed, yet the thermodynamic driving force behind this reorganization has not been determined, largely because measurements of membrane protein interaction energies have not been possible. Here, we introduce a method to quantify membrane protein interaction energies and its application to the thermodynamics of LHCII clusters. By combining single-molecule measurements of LHCII-proteoliposomes at different protein densities and a rigorous analysis of LHCII clusters and photophysics, we quantified the LHCII-LHCII interaction energy to be approximately -5kBTat neutral pH and at least -7kBTat acidic pH. From these values, we found the thermodynamic driving force for LHCII clustering was dominated by these enthalpic contributions. Collectively, this work captures the membrane protein-protein interactions responsible for LHCII clustering from the perspective of equilibrium statistical thermodynamics, which has a long and rich tradition in biology.
Bijections between the multifurcating unlabeled rooted trees and the positive integers
Authors: Maranca Alessandra Rister Portinari , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractColijn and Plazzotta (Systematic Biology67:113-126, 2018) described a bijective scheme for associating the unlabeled bifurcating rooted trees with the positive integers. In mathematical and biological applications of unlabeled rooted trees, however, nodes of rooted trees are sometimes multifurcating rather than bifurcating. Building on the bijection between the unlabeled bifurcating rooted trees and the positive integers, we describe bijective schemes for associating the unlabeledmultifurcatingrooted trees with the positive integers. We devise bijections with the positive integers for a set of trees in which each non-leaf node hasexactly kchild nodes, and for a set of trees in which each non-leaf node hasat most kchild nodes. The calculations make use of Macaulay’s binomial expansion formula. The generalization to multifurcating trees can assist with the use of unlabeled trees for applications in evolutionary biology, such as the measurement of phylogenetic patterns of genetic lineages in pathogens.Mathematics subject classification (2020)05C05, 05C30, 92D15