bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for multiple nucleosynthetic processes from carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Hansen T. T. , Simon J. D. , Li T. S. , Frebel A. , Thompson I. , Shectman S. 
Published: May 2023

Context.Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars ([C/Fe] > 0.7) are known to exist in large numbers at low metallicity in the Milky Way halo and are important tracers of early Galactic chemical evolution. However, very few stars of this kind have been identified in the classical dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies, and detailed abundances, including neutron-capture element abundances, have only been reported for 13 stars.Aims.We aim to derive detailed abundances of six CEMP stars identified in the Carina dSph and compare the abundances to CEMP stars in other dSph galaxies and the Milky Way halo. This is the largest sample of CEMP stars in a dSph galaxy analysed to date.Methods.One-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) elemental abundances are derived via equivalent width and spectral synthesis using high-resolution spectra of the six stars obtained with the MIKE spectrograph at Las Campanas Observatory.Results.We derived abundances or upper limits for up to 27 elements from C to Os in the six stars. Our analysis reveals one of the stars to be a CEMP-no star with very low neutron-capture element abundances. In contrast, the other five stars all show enhancements in neutron-capture elements in addition to their carbon enhancement, classifying them as CEMP-sand -r/sstars. The six stars have similarαand iron-peak element abundances to other stars in Carina, except for the CEMP-no star, which shows enhancement in Na, Mg, and Si. We explored the absolute carbon abundances (A(C)) of CEMP stars in dSph galaxies and find similar behaviour to that seen for Milky Way halo CEMP stars, but highlight that CEMP-r/sstars primarily have very highA(C) values. We also compared the neutron-capture element abundances of the CEMP-r/sstars in our sample to recenti-process yields, which provide a good match to the derived abundances.
Gas absorption in reactive solutions: Adapted instrumentation of a stirred cell for kinetic study and application to CO2/amine systems
Authors: Delgado Serena , Cadours Renaud , Coquelet Christophe , Gaunand Alain , Volpi Céline 
Published: May 2023

The elimination of impurities from natural gas (water, CO2, H2S, mercaptans) is an obligation: in Europe, a max. of 20 mg/Sm3 in total sulfur (at 15°C and 1 atm) is allowed, as well as 2.5 vol% in CO2. It maximizes the calorific value of delivered gas and limits chemical risks (corrosion, toxicity) associated with this transition fuel to cleaner energy sources. Acid gas separation is commonly performed by reactive gas-liquid absorption. Raw gas and absorptive solution are brought into counter current contact in an absorber at 40-80°C and 30-80 bar. Then the acid-gas loaded solvent is sent to a stripper where acid gas desorption from the solvent takes place at T between 105 and 140°C and P ≤ 2.5 bar.
The solvent is an aqueous base (e.g., amine) solution. A good solvent has a high reactivity with the dissolved gas during absorption and a low regeneration energy, hence the advantage of mixtures of two amines. Here we study an aqueous solution of a small amount of piperazine (PZ) added to methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). PZ reacts faster with CO2 than MDEA, and the major reaction product with CO2 is the hydrogen carbonate ion HCO3-, which lowers the solvent regeneration duty.
This work aims at characterising the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 in an aqueous solution of MDEA-PZ. Indeed, no consensus has been found on the reaction mechanism of CO2 in this amine mixture; the synergies between MDEA and PZ observed in the literature remain poorly explained. However, its knowledge is essential to optimize solvent formulation and industrial unit design.
Kinder und Jugendliche mit intrakraniellem Ependymom –
Empfehlungen der HIT-MED-Studiengruppe der GPOH zur
Erstlinientherapie
Authors: Obrecht Denise , Mynarek Martin , Stickan-Verfürth Martina , Bison Brigitte , Schüller Ulrich , Pajtler Kristian , Hagel Christian , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm , Fleischhack Gudrun , Timmermann Beate , Rutkowski Stefan 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurden biologische Subgruppen des Ependymoms (EPN)
identifiziert und in die aktuelle WHO-Klassifikation eingeführt,
allerdings haben diese derzeit noch keinen Einfluss auf die
Therapiestratifizierung. Jedoch finden sich immer mehr Hinweise, dass das
klinische Verhalten abhängig von der Tumorbiologie ist: PF-EPN-A mit
einem Zugewinn des Chromosom 1q beispielsweise sind mit einem hohen Risiko
für Rezidive assoziiert, während das Überleben bei
ST-EPN-YAP1 bei>90% liegt. Die insgesamt noch nicht
zufriedenstellende Prognose zeigt, dass die Therapiestrategien weiter verbessert
werden müssen. Das Ausmaß der Tumorresektion ist der wichtigste
klinische Prognosefaktor, weshalb die Evaluation einer erneuten OP bei einem
postoperativen Resttumor höchste Priorität hat. Darüber
hinaus wird die Wirksamkeit der Lokalbestrahlung als bewiesen angesehen und
derzeit im Alter>1 Jahr empfohlen. Der Stellenwert der Chemotherapie ist
weiterhin unklar. Ein Ziel der europäischen klinischen Studie SIOP
Ependymoma II ist, die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Chemotherapien zu evaluieren,
so dass deutsche Patienten im Rahmen dieser Studie behandelt werden sollten, um
den Kenntnisstand voranzutreiben. Neue prognostische biologische Parameter
werden im Rahmen des Begleitprojekts BIOMECA validiert. Die Erkenntnisse dieser
Begleitstudie sollen auch genutzt werden, um zielgerichtete Therapien sog.
Targeted Therapies zu entwickeln. Für Patienten, die nicht im Rahmen der
interventionellen Strata der Studie behandelt werden können, stellt die
HIT-MED Guidance (aktuelle Version 5.2) eine Handlungsempfehlung dar. Der
vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Empfehlungen zu
Diagnostik und Therapie für Kinder- und Jugendliche mit intrakraniellem
Ependymom, sowie zur Behandlung im Rahmen der SIOP Ependymoma II Studie.
Impact of Life Cycle Costing in Procurement of Robotic Track-Based Central Laboratory at Apex Medical Institute in India
Authors: Khare Amitesh , Singh Angel Rajan , Datta Sudip Kumar , Singh Sheetal , Gupta Anant , Satpathy Sidhartha , Sharma D. K. , Gupta Ritu 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Life cycle costing is an important management tool that takes into account the implications of planning, acquiring, operating, maintaining, and disposing of an asset during its complete life cycle. A major hindrance to the procurement of expensive equipment in developing countries is the lack of a reliable framework combining and integrating all the equipment life cycle aspects into procurement process.

Methods
The study was conducted from the data collected from the bids that were received for procurement of two robotic track-based central laboratories which were installed at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. The procurement was done as per the guidelines laid down under General Finance Rules (GFR) 2017 following the two bid systems: technical bid and price/commercial bid.

Results
A complete financial analysis of the robotic laboratory was done that involved gathering of all the pertinent financial information into one place and then using that data to analyze the feasibility of the bid. The life cycle costs of both the labs were calculated by assuming the life of equipment as 10 years and by factoring in cost of equipment including 5-year warranty, comprehensive maintenance from years 6 to 10, indicative cost of all reagents for 10 years, and indicative cost of all other consumables for 10 years.

Conclusion
Results showed that the cost of equipment alone should not be the sole predictor of making purchase decisions of equipment. Further research may additionally explore differences between processes being followed in government versus private organizations, as well as national guidelines and subnational practices.
Nuclear spin diffusion under fast magic-angle spinning in solid-state NMR
Authors: Tatman Ben P. , Franks W. Trent , Brown Steven P. , Lewandowski Józef R. 
Published: May 2023

Solid-state nuclear spin diffusion is the coherent and reversible process through which spin order is transferred via dipolar couplings. With the recent increases in magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequencies and magnetic fields becoming routinely applied in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, understanding how the increased 1H resolution obtained affects spin diffusion is necessary for interpretation of several common experiments. To investigate the coherent contributions to spin diffusion with fast MAS, we have developed a low-order correlation in Liouville space model based on the work of Dumez et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 33, 224501, 2010). Specifically, we introduce a new method for basis set selection, which accounts for the resonance-offset dependence at fast MAS. Furthermore, we consider the necessity of including chemical shift, both isotropic and anisotropic, in the modeling of spin diffusion. Using this model, we explore how different experimental factors change the nature of spin diffusion. Then, we show case studies to exemplify the issues that arise in using spin diffusion techniques at fast spinning. We show that the efficiency of polarization transfer via spin diffusion occurring within a deuterated and 100% back-exchanged protein sample at 60 kHz MAS is almost entirely dependent on resonance offset. We additionally identify temperature-dependent magnetization transfer in beta-aspartyl L-alanine, which could be explained by the influence of an incoherent relaxation-based nuclear Overhauser effect.
Situational and contextual variation in the development of
Spanish apologies during short-term study abroad
Authors: DiBartolomeo Megan , Elias Vanessa , Jung Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of instruction
and micro-social factors (social distance and power) on learners’
production of L2 Spanish apologies during a 6-week immersion program
in Spain. It also explores whether learners are able to apply
semantic formulas learned for one speech act (apologies) to the
context of another (refusals). Thirty-one learners completed an oral
discourse completion task before and after study abroad. Results
show that learners approximate native-like norms for apologies after
study abroad and instruction, and that they are able to apply this
knowledge to the context of refusals. Learners also show differences
in apology formula usage across situations of varying social
distance and power. They are sensitive to situational differences in
both factors after study abroad.
Acquiring dialect-specific yes-no question intonation during
study abroad in Venezuela
Authors: Trimble John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study explores the L2 acquisition of
regionally-indexed intonation during study abroad by investigating
changes in L2 intonation over the course of a semester abroad in the
Venezuelan Andes. Results indicated that even after a short period
abroad (i.e., 14 weeks) learners not only increased frequency of a
familiar pattern (i.e., falling contours for declaratives), but some
also adopted new patterns (i.e., a regional circumflex contour for
absolute interrogatives) to varying degrees. Five of nine learners
adopted the regional circumflex absolute interrogative and the
frequency of this feature showed variation across two
stylistically-different tasks. The chapter concludes by discussing
possible reasons for high levels of variation across individuals and
then suggests areas for future research.
Individual differences in the adoption of dialectal features
during study abroad
Authors: Pope Joshua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study examines the use of local dialectal
features by second-language speakers of Spanish who studied abroad
in Madrid, Spain. Participants were interviewed before leaving the
U.S., during their last weeks in Spain, and three months later. They
completed reading and conversational tasks to elicit target
features. Other data were collected through Spanish and English
interviews, diaries, and written interactions. Everyone used at
least one feature, two participants doing so somewhat frequently.
The combination of factors governing variation were unique to each
individual. However, common factors like social network
characteristics, levels of acculturation, and motivations partially
explain feature use. Other factors are important for some
participants. Results highlight individualized experiences during
study abroad.
The versatile classifiervə¹³in Zauzou
Authors: Li Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article presents a frequently used versatile classifiervə¹³in the endangered Ngwi language Zauzou. After investigating seven morphosyntactic contexts in whichvə¹³may occur, this classifier exhibits considerable syntactic and semantic overlaps with ordinary classifiers and the inanimate plural quantifier in this language.və¹³is used as the only classifier for unclassified nouns (i.e., some abstract and count nouns) and an alternative classifier for nearly all kinds of ordinary sortal or mensural classifiers for inanimates, especially when the canonical classifier is not known to the speaker. It shares a wide range of distributions with ordinary numeral classifiers and the plural quantifier and parallels these two classes of determiners in marking various referential values in different noun phrases. However,və¹³is semantically special in that it may classify nouns of various semantic classes, including abstract and mass nouns, and is underspecified in number. It is compatible with singular, plural and mass interpretations. The final quantity in the reference must be determined in the context. Moreover,və¹³is a lexical item involved in marking partitives, the function that is not found in ordinary classifiers and the plural quantifier. This study is a systematic description of an under-studied type of versatile classifier, highlighting the internal complexity of a classifier system in Tibeto-Burman languages.
Defining bilingualism as a continuum
Authors: Rothman Jason , Bayram Fatih , DeLuca Vincent , González Alonso Jorge , Kubota Maki , Puig-Mayenco Eloi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The measurement of bilingualism is complex but
essential for (psycho)linguistic, cognitive and neural research. In
addition to the conventional group comparison approach, namely
comparing monolinguals to bilinguals, recent research has adopted
continuous or multi-dimensional approaches. The aim of this chapter
is to review a series of tools, including self-report usage and
proficiency measures used in the literature. These tools were used
with samples across the lifespan in North America and Europe. We
further examine the aspects of bilingualism extracted from these
tools. Finally, we outline the limitations of existing bilingual
measurement tools and the need for researchers to justify the choice
of each tool. Importantly, we advocate for taking a more nuanced
understanding of bilingualism beyond individual usage and consider
this experience as fluid, continuous rather than categorical.
Biliteracy
Authors: McBride Catherine , Mohseni Fateme 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biliteracy refers to the ability to be able to
read and write in multiple languages. In different parts of the
world, biliteracy and bilingualism may co-occur in some communities,
but disconnect in others. This chapter explores some of the
linguistic aspects associated with bilingualism and biliteracy
focusing on component skills necessary to read in different writing
systems. In addition, we examine cross-linguistic influences in
component literacy skills across first (L1) and second (L2)
languages. The need to understand the converging and diverging
processes to reading in L1 and L2 has potential to inform
instructional practices. Importantly, research on biliteracy is the
first-step in understanding reading difficulty in children who are
bilingual and/or biliterate, a question that has practical
importance for educators around the world.
The effects of bilingualism on cognitive functioning in older
adults
Authors: Craik Fergus I.M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the links between
bilingualism and executive control in older adults, with a
particular focus on comparing those with lifelong bilingual
experience to those who do not. While aging is a maturational
process in which people become suboptimal in executive control,
there is observable and documented variability associated with
language experiences. The chapter reviews the literature on
cognitive aging as a maturational process, and its interaction with
bilingualism as a life experience. Although it should be
acknowledged that there is mixed evidence, a body of literature on
bilingualism and cognitive control has suggested that there is an
advantage for bilingual older adults in some executive functions,
such as monitoring, maintaining action goals, and possibly in
working memory.
Role of bilingualism in neurodegenerative disease II
Authors: Voits Toms 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Over the past decades, bilingualism has emerged
as a potential factor having a significant impact on cognition and
brain structure. Such research typically examines the effects of
bilingualism in healthy children and adults. Conversely, the body of
literature examining bilingualism effects in aging populations
remains comparatively small. This holds especially true with regards
to effects of bilingualism in clinical aging populations. Current
evidence suggests that bilingualism might contribute to delaying the
expression and/or progression of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s
dementia for as much as 5 years. To the extent bilingualism plays an
ameliorative role at all, it seems reasonable to expect that it
would have similar effects for other neurodegenerative disorders.
Nevertheless, relevant studies examining disorders other than
Alzheimer’s Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairment are extremely
limited. Despite compelling reasons to the contrary, the few
relevant studies that do exist are not properly linked, nor
appreciated as a meaningful cohort in their own right. Making links
across neurodegenerative disorders and bilingualism, to the extent
possible, serves both practical health-related and
theoretical-oriented needs. This chapter considers whether the
currently available evidence is sufficient to allow for claims of
bilingualism conveying more general protective effects in clinical
aging while identifying gaps in our knowledge and recommending
future work to better understand these proposed links.
The road ahead
Authors: Anderson John A.E. , Grundy John G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The lasting impact of Ellen Bialystok’s research
on bilingualism has been momentous. In this concluding chapter, we
synthesize the arguments and evidence presented in previous chapters
to explain how her impressive contributions have helped inform our
understanding of multilingual experiences, its influence in the
educational system, implications for cognition, and neuroplasticity,
as well as creating a protective barrier against age-related decline
known as “cognitive reserve.” With these insights, we point toward
potential future paths that will expand upon Dr. Bialystok’s
groundbreaking work.
Older adults and companion animal death: A survey of bereavement and disenfranchised grief
Authors: Brown Cary A. , Wilson Donna M. , Carr Eloise , Gross Douglas P. , Miciak Maxi , Wallace Jean E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The number of older adults living with companion animals (pets) is increasing worldwide. While evidence revealing positive relationships between companion animals and healthy aging is well established, there is a dearth of research regarding companion animal death and subsequent human grieving. Some emerging research suggests that grief over companion animal death is often discounted or even unrecognized (disenfranchised) by others. The extent and consequences of disenfranchised grief (DG) are poorly understood. This study deepens our understanding of older adults’ experiences of DG in relation to companion animal death.
Methods: Participants from Alberta, Canada, were recruited through social media platforms to participate in an online questionnaire that collected demographic information and standardized measures of companion animal attachment, bereavement, and DG.
Results: The majority of the 98 participants were between 60 and 70 years of age, female, and living alone. Following their companion animal’s death, 38.1% identified a decrease in physical activity, and 47% reported that their emotional health had declined. One-third identified that they needed to be careful about who they disclosed their grief, as they were not certain that they would be supported. This group had a significantly greater likelihood of perceived decrease in physical health, and they were more likely to score higher on the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire.
Conclusions: This study adds weight to the emergent body of evidence highlighting companion animal bereavement as a legitimate and impactful health and well-being issue. The study found that DG is experienced by a sizable group of older adults following their companion animal’s death and that many participants perceived that socially legitimized recognition of loss and accompanying bereavement resources were lacking. These shortfalls contribute to health risks that negatively affect older adults’ ability to successfully age in the community.
The non-linear perturbation of a black hole by gravitational waves. II. Quasinormal modes and the compactification problem
Authors: Frauendiener J , Stevens C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recently, Friedrich’s generalized conformal field equations (GCFEs) have been implemented numerically and global quantities such as the Bondi energy and the Bondi–Sachs mass loss have been successfully calculated directly on null-infinity. Although being an attractive option for studying global quantities by way of local differential geometrical methods, how viable are the GCFE for study of quantities arising in the physical space-time? In particular, how long can the evolution track phenomena that need a constant proper physical timestep to be accurately resolved? We address this question by studying the curvature oscillations induced on the Schwarzschild space-time by a non-linear gravitational perturbation. For small enough amplitudes, these are the well approximated by the linear quasinormal modes, where each mode rings at a frequency determined solely by the Schwarzschild mass. We find that the GCFE can indeed resolve these oscillations, which quickly approach the linear regime, but only for a short time before the compactification becomes ‘too fast’ to handle numerically.
Monotonicity-based shape reconstruction for an inverse scattering problem in a waveguide
Authors: Arens Tilo , Griesmaier Roland , Zhang Ruming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider an inverse medium scattering problem for the Helmholtz equation in a closed cylindrical waveguide with penetrable compactly supported scattering objects. We develop novel monotonicity relations for the eigenvalues of an associated modified near field operator, and we use them to establish linearized monotonicity tests that characterize the support of the scatterers in terms of near field observations of the corresponding scattered waves. The proofs of these shape characterizations rely on the existence of localized wave functions, which are solutions to the scattering problem in the waveguide that have arbitrarily large norm in some prescribed region, while at the same time having arbitrarily small norm in some other prescribed region. As a byproduct we obtain a uniqueness result for the inverse medium scattering problem in the waveguide with a simple proof. Some numerical examples are presented to document the potentials and limitations of this approach.