bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-element identification system based on deep learning for the visual field of percutaneous endoscopic spine surgery
Authors: Bu Jinhui , Wang Yari , Zhao Jiaqi , Liang Jun , Wang Zhenfei , Xu Long , Lei Yan , Huang Sen , He Bo , Dong Minghui , Liu Guangpu , Niu Ru , Ma Chao , Liu Guangwang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background Context:Lumbar disc herniation is a common degenerative lumbar disease with an increasing incidence.Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy can treat lumbar disc herniation safely and effectively with a minimally invasive procedure.However, it must be noted that the learning curve of this technology is steep,which means that initial learners are often not sufficiently proficient in endoscopic operations, which can easily lead to iatrogenic damage.At present, the application of computer deep learning technology to clinical diagnosis, treatment, and surgical navigation has achieved satisfactory results.
Purpose:The objective of our team is to develop a multi-element identification system for the visual field of endoscopic spine surgery using deep learning algorithms and to evaluate the feasibility of this system. Study Design: Retrospective study.
Patient Sample:62 patients.
Outcome Measure:To determine the effectiveness of the model, the precision, recall, specificity, and mean average precision were used.
Method:We established an image database by collecting surgical videos of 62 patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation, which was labeled by two spinal surgeons.We selected 4,840 images of the visual field of percutaneous endoscopic spine surgery (including various tissue structures and surgical instruments), divided into the training data, validation data, and test data according to 2:1:2,and trained the model based on Mask -RCNN.
Result：After 108 epochs of training, the precision, recall, specificity, and mean average precision of the ResNet101 model were 76.7%、75.9%、97.9%、67.9% respectively;the precision, recall, specificity, and mean average precision of the ResNet50 model were 77.2%、76.1%、97.9%、64.8% respectively.Compared to the two convolutional neural networks, ResNet101 was found to be the most stable backbone network, with the highest convergence effect. Conclusion:Our team have developed a multi-element identification system based on Mask R-CNN for percutaneous endoscopic spine surgery ,which identifies and tracks tissues (nerve, ligamentum flavum, nucleus pulposus, etc.) and surgical instruments (endoscopic forceps, a high-speed diamond burr, etc.) in real time.It can help navigate intraoperative spinal endoscopic surgery safely in real-time.
The nematic susceptibility of the ferroquadrupolar metal TmAg2 measured via the elastocaloric effect
Authors: Rosenberg Elliott , Ikeda Matthias , Fisher Ian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Elastocaloric measurements of the ferroquadrupolar/nematic rare-earth intermetallic TmAg$_2$ are presented. TmAg$_2$ undergoes a cooperative Jahn-Teller-like ferroquadrupolar phase transition at 5K, in which the Tm$^{3+}$ ion's local $4f$ electronic ground state doublet spontaneously splits and develops an electric quadrupole moment which breaks the rotational symmetry of the tetragonal lattice. The elastocaloric effect, which is the temperature change in the sample induced by adiabatic strains the sample experiences, is sensitive to quadrupolar fluctuations in the paranematic phase which couple to the induced strain. We show that elastocaloric measurements of this material reveal a Curie-Weiss like nematic susceptibility with a Weiss temperature of $\approx 2.7K$, in agreement with previous elastic constant measurements. Furthermore, we establish that a magnetic field along the c-axis acts as an effective transverse field for the quadrupole moments
Machine learning electron-phonon interactions in 2D materials
Authors: Haldar Anubhab , Clark Quentin , Zacharias Marios , Giustino Feliciano , Sharifzadeh Sahar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We utilize first-principles theory to investigate the role of electron-phonon interactions within a dataset of monolayer materials. Using density functional theory to describe excited state transitions and the special displacement method to describe the role of phonons, we analyze the relationship between simple physical oberservables and electron-phonon coupling strength. For over 100 materials, we compute the band gap renormalization due to zero-point vibrational motion as a measure of electron-phonon interactions and train a machine learning model based on physical parameters. We demonstrate that the strength of electron-phonon interactions is highly dependent on the band gap, dielectric constant, and degree of ionicity, all of which can be physically justified. We then apply this model to 1302 materials within the C2DB database, predicting the band gap zero-point renormalization (ZPR), which for five randomly selected materials tested agree well with first-principles predictions. This work provides an approach for quantitatively predicting the ZPR as a measure of electron-phonon interactions in 2D materials.
RAMA: A risk assessment solution for healthcare organizations
Authors: Smyrlis Michail , Floros Evangelos , Basdekis Ioannis , Prelipcean Dimitru-Bogdan , Sotiropoulos Aristeidis , Debar Herve , Zarras Apostolis , Spanoudakis George 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent cyber attacks targeting healthcare organizations underscore the growing prevalence of the sector as a prime target for malicious activities. As healthcare systems manage and store sensitive personal health information, the imperative for robust cyber security and privacy protocols becomes increasingly evident. Consequently, healthcare institutions are compelled to actively address the intricate cyber security risks inherent in their digital ecosystems. In response, we present RAMA, a risk assessment mechanism designed to evaluate the security status of healthcare cyber systems. By leveraging RAMA, both local stakeholders, such as the hospital's IT personnel, and global actors, including external parties, can assess their organization's cyber risk profile. Notably, RAMA goes beyond risk quantification; it facilitates a comparative analysis by enabling organizations to measure their performance against average aggregated mean scores, fostering a culture of continuous improvement in cyber security practices. The practical efficacy of RAMA is demonstrated through its deployment across four real-world healthcare IT infrastructures. This study not only underscores the significance of addressing cyber security risks within healthcare but also highlights the value of innovative solutions like RAMA in safeguarding sensitive health information and enhancing the sector's overall cyber resilience.
Effect of radioprotective curtain length on the scattered dose rate distribution and endoscopist eye lens dose with an over-couch X-ray fluoroscopic system
Authors: Matsubara Kosuke , Nakajima Asuka , Hirosawa Ayaka , Yoshikawa Ryo , Ichikawa Nao , Fukushima Kotaro , Fukuda Atsushi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sufficient dose reduction may not be achieved if radioprotective curtains are folded. This study aimed to evaluate the scattered dose rate distribution and physician eye lens dose at different curtain lengths. Using an over-couch X-ray tube fluoroscopic system, dH*(10)/dt was measured using a survey meter 150 cm from the floor at 29 positions in the examination room when the curtain lengths were 0% (no curtain), 50%, 75%, and 100%. The absorbed dose rates in the air at the positions of endoscopist and assistant positions were calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation by varying the curtain length from 0–100%. The air kerma was measured by 10 min fluoroscopy using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters at the eye surfaces of the endoscopist phantom and the outside and inside of the radioprotective goggles. At curtain lengths of 50%, 75%, and 100%, the ratios of dH*(10)/dt relative to 0% ranged from 80.8–104.1%, 10.5–61.0%, and 11.8–24.8%, respectively. In the simulation, the absorbed dose rates at the endoscopist’s and assistant’s positions changed rapidly between 55% and 75% and 65% and 80% of the curtain length, respectively. At the 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% curtain lengths, the air kerma at the left eye surface of the endoscopist phantom was 237 ± 29, 271 ± 30, 37.7 ± 7.5, and 33.5 ± 6.1 µGy, respectively. Therefore, a curtain length of 75% or greater is required to achieve a sufficient eye lens dose reduction effect at the position of the endoscopist.
JmjC Domain-containing Histone Demethylase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage: Genome-wide Identification and Expressional Profiling
Authors: YIN Fengrui , HU Yuanfeng , CAO Xiaoqun , XIAO Xufeng , ZHANG Ming , XIANG Yan , WANG Liangdeng , YAO Yuekeng , SUI Meilan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Jumonji C (JmjC) structural domain-containing gene family, an important family of histone demethylases in plants, has an essential role in plant growth and development, flowering transformation, and stress responses. Here, we aimed to elucidate its role in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). At the genome level, we identified 29 members of this family that have remained highly conserved. For these genes, the promoter cis-acting elements were enriched in responses to stress related to light and cold, anaerobic conditions, and phytohormone treatment. BrJMJs were highly expressed in the siliques and flowers, suggesting that histone demethylation might play a crucial role in reproductive organ growth. Stress associated with cadmium (Cd) exposure, drought, salinity, cold, and heat induced their expression. The expression of some of the genes (BrJMJ1/2/5/13/21/24) increased gradually with increasing Cd concentration. BrJMJ4 and BrJMJ29 were induced by drought, salt, cold, and heat stress. This work supports future analysis of the biological functions of JmjC family genes and elucidates the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress responses in Chinese cabbage.
Education and corruption: the case of public hospitals in Africa
Authors: Andela Berthe Nyebe , Ondoa Henri Atangana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of education on the probability to pay bribes in public hospitals. The study used data from the Afrobarometer network in 36 African countries. The data were collected in 2019. Econometric results from a probit model with instrumental variables show that there exists an inverted U-shaped relationship between the probability of paying bribes and education. The probability of accepting bribes in public hospitals is particularly high among those who have studied at the undergraduate level. Therefore, African governments need to educate patients about the negative consequences of corruption in public hospitals.
I10, I21, O55, D73
Stochastic data envelopment analysis with reducible outputs and expandable inputs: An application in power plants
Authors: Amirteimoori Alireza , Allahviranloo Tofigh , Cezar Asunur 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Clean production of electricity is not only cost-effective but also effective in reducing pollutants. Toward this end, the use of clean fuels is strongly recommended by environmentalists. Benchmarking techniques, especially data envelopment analysis, are an appropriate tool for measuring the relative efficiency of firms with environmental pollutants. In classic data envelopment analysis models, decision-makers are faced with production processes in which reducible inputs are used to produce expandable outputs. In this contribution, we consider production processes in which some throughputs are reducible and some others are expandable. This paper focuses on the efficiency evaluation of power plants when the input and output data are given in stochastic form and some inputs and outputs need to be reduced and some others must be increased. A stochastic directional distance function model is proposed to calculate the relative technical efficiency of firms. To demonstrate the applicability of the procedure, we present an empirical application wherein we employ Iranian power plants. An interesting finding in this analysis is that the direction we choose significantly affects the prioritization of the plants.
Physician Assistant program admission pre-requisite exams and their impact on applicants
Authors: Falls Chasity , Alexandar Jeffrey 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
While Physician Assistant (PA) programs have the autonomy to select admission requirements, certain requirements, including the number and cost of pre-requisite examinations, may be determining factors for applicants’ when deciding what programs to apply to. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the potential influence the number and cost of pre-requisite examinations have on PA school applicants’ decision to apply to specific programs.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, PA applicants throughout the United States were invited to complete an anonymous electronic survey to assess the influence of the number and cost of pre-requisite examinations on intent to apply for PA programs. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages) were conducted and responses were stratified by geographical location.
Results
One-hundred seventy-five participants (21.6 ± 22.9 years old) completed the survey. Most were female (89.1%), Caucasian (57.1%), residing throughout the United States, and applying to the 2022–2023 application cycle (56.0%). Respondents reported being influenced by the cost and number of required exams with over half reporting they strongly agreed/agreed that the number (n = 93; 53.1%) and cost (n = 98; 56%) of pre-requisite examinations negatively influenced their decision to apply to specific PA programs; however, this did not deter them from applying to programs. Additionally, students in the Southeast region may not be as influenced as students in other regions.
Conclusions
Further research is warranted to determine if PA school applicants apply to programs within their region or to programs in other regions based on pre-requisite examination requirements.
Maxwell's equations with continuously distributed currents clarify the nature of energy and momentum transfer in electromagnetic interactions
Authors: Akimov Yuriy , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Transfer of energy and momentum by electromagnetic fields is among the most fundamental processes in the universe that is unequivocally described by microscopic Maxwell's equations. Here we show that commonly used models of harmonic or point-like currents necessitate the assumption of passive, non-influencing measurement devices (detectors) thereby systematically affecting the interpretation and quantification of the measured signals. Instead, by using mathematically complete definition of continuously distributed currents, we reveal that the measured signals are attributed to the intensity of the emitter-detector interactions, while the inherent energy and momentum radiated out by the emitter in a vacuum are zero. This systematic treatment provides physically broader insights into generation of electromagnetic fields and the associated transfer of energy and momentum, thereby opening new perspectives for the measurements and interpretations of electromagnetic interactions that underpin diverse physical phenomena.
Fault diagnosis of anti-friction bearings based on Bi-dimensional ensemble local mean decomposition and ODLSSVM
Authors: Xiong Zhengqiang , Han Chang , Zhang Guorong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to ensure the normal operation of rotating equipment, it is very important to quickly and efficiently diagnose the faults of anti-friction bearings. Hereto, fault diagnosis of anti-friction bearings based on Bi-dimensional ensemble local mean decomposition and optimized dynamic least square support vector machine (LSSVM) is presented in this paper. Bi-dimensional ensemble local mean decomposition, an extension of ensemble local mean decomposition from one-dimensional signal processing to Bi-dimensional signal processing, is used to extract the features of anti-friction bearings. Moreover, an optimized dynamic LSSVM is used to fault diagnosis of anti-friction bearings. The experimental results show that Bi-dimensional ensemble local mean decomposition is superior to Bi-dimensional local mean decomposition, optimized dynamic LSSVM is superior to traditional LSSVM, and the proposed Bi-dimensional ensemble local mean decomposition and optimized dynamic LSSVM method is effective for fault diagnosis of anti-friction bearings.
Bioinformatics-Based Discovery of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Biomarkers and Immune- Inflammatory Infiltrates
Authors: Song Chao , zhou Daqian , Cheng Kang , Liu Fei , Cai Weiye , Mei Yongliang , Chen Jingwen , Huang Chenyi , Liu Zongchao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common chronic disease in orthopedics, and its molecular mechanisms are still not well explained. This study's objective was to bioinformatics-based discovery of IVDD biomarkers and immune- inflammatory infiltrates. The IVDD illness gene collection was gathered from GeneCards, DisGeNet, and gene expression profiles were chosen from the extensive gene expression omnibus database (GSE124272, GSE150408, and GSE153761). The STRING database was used to create network of protein-protein interactions, while the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases were used for functional enrichment analysis. Using hub genes, the immune cell infiltration between IVDD patient samples and control tissues was examined. Finally, qPCR and western blot experiments were used to verify the expression of hub genes. A total of 27 differentially expressed hub genes were identified by bioinformatics. According to GO and KEGG analyses, hub genes were prominent in immunological responses, chemokine-mediated signaling pathways, and inflammatory responses, with the key signaling pathways engaged in Cellular Senescence, Apoptosis, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Immune cell infiltration research revealed that T cells, lymphocytes, B cells, and NK cells were decreased in IVDD patients while monocytes, neutrophils, and CD8 T cells were increased. The expression levels of the senescence hub genes SP1, VEGFA, IL-6, and the apoptosis key gene CASP3 were considerably greater in the IVDD model group than in the control group, according to in vitro validation. In conclusion, the cellular senescence signaling pathway, the apoptosis signaling pathway, and associated hub genes all play significant roles in the development and progression of IVDD, this finding may help direct future research on the senescence signaling route in IVDD.
Assessing the Impact of Hurricane Ivan on Aboveground Carbon of Coastal Forests in Perdido Bay, Florida
Authors: Alam Asiful , Kadam Parag , Brandeis Thomas , Baeza-Castro Andres , Dwivedi Puneet 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hurricanes can physically transform forestry ecosystems, leading to immediate and potentially long-lasting impacts on carbon dynamics. We compared the average carbon in trees (saplings, bole, stump, tops) and foliage pre (2001-2003) and post (2005-2007) Hurricane Ivan for different types of tree categories in the Perdido Bay watershed, Florida. We estimated a decrease of 74.51 and 17.82 metric tons/ha of aboveground carbon in hardwood and mixed plots after Hurricane Ivan, respectively. Softwoods gained 18.22 metric ton/ha of aboveground carbon in the post-hurricane period due to post-hurricane regrowth. Aboveground carbon decreased in stands with large (≥ 0.15m) and medium (≥ 0.12m) diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) by 22.74 and 30.22 metric tons/ha, respectively. Aboveground carbon in young (< 25y) taller trees (> 15m) decreased by 121.55 metric ton/ha of carbon immediately after the hurricane. The results of our log-linear regression model indicate that stand type (softwood/mixed/hardwood), height, physiographic class (deep sands/flatwoods/rolling uplands/small drains/swaps/bottomlands) along with the hurricane-affected status of the FIA plots were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) determinants of the carbon loss from the forest stands. Over the study period, there was a decrease of approximately 28.64% of aboveground carbon in trees and 62.15% of aboveground carbon in foliage. Softwood plots had 51.30% less aboveground carbon compared to hardwood plots, while plots in flatwoods and rolling uplands had 66.27% and 52.73% less carbon than bay and wet pocosins, respectively. Post-hurricane, the carbon in the trees and foliage starts to recover gradually, taking about 15 years to come back to the original status at the landscape level. Our study provides a framework for researchers and policymakers to assess the vulnerability of coastal forests in light of extreme weather events.
Earthworm diversity is regulated by soil properties in land use systems of Eastern Ghats, India
Authors: NAIK AYUSMITA , MAHATA ANIRBAN , PALITA SHARAT KUMAR 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To understand the impact of soil properties and land use systems on earthworm diversity in the biodiversity-rich Eastern Ghats Highlands of India, the present study was carried out in six land use systems i.e., moist deciduous forest, dry deciduous forest, fallow land, cropland, compost pit, and, sewage soil. The study area has been divided into 10 × 10 km2 grids and 25% grids were randomly selected for sampling from May to December 2022. A total of 16 species of earthworms under 14 genera and 8 families were recorded in this study, out of which 15 species are new records for the region. The most taxonomically rich family was the Megascolecidae. The most abundant species are endogeic followed by epigeic and anecic. Based on Hill numbers, the highest values of Shannon index (1D= 9.89) and Simpson diversity (2D= 9.14) were found for the fallow land. Earthworm abundance showed a significant difference among six land use systems [F (5,84) = 3.25, p = 0.01]. Furthermore, earthworms showed a significant positive relationship with moisture (r = 0.22, p < 0.05), organic Carbon (r = 0.25, p < 0.05), available Nitrogen (r = 0.22, p < 0.05), and clay content (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), whereas negatively correlate with sand content (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) of soil. High species richness was observed in cropland due to the high moisture, pH, organic Carbon, Potassium, and, Phosphorus content of the soil. The presence of a high number of native species urges their conservation in this region through land management.