bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Tubular Photobioreactor for Microalgae Cultivation
Authors: Kunopagarnwong Varit , Srinophakun Thongchai Rohitatisha 
Published: December 2022

In a tubular photobioreactor, microalgae cells obscure one another (Self-shading), leading to the microalgae at the bottom of the tube getting less light. The objective of this research was to design and develop Tubular Photobioreactor with 93.5 liters for microalgae cultivation. The experiments had two steps. The first step was designing the solar receiver by inserting the fin into each tube wall as follows: 12-34, 1-2-3-4, 1234, and 13-24. Then, FLUENT software was used to simulate flow behavior inside the tube by Computational Fluid Dynamics by observing the pressure drop, the amount of energy consumption, and the swirling velocity to select the best fin-type. The best fin-type with the growth rate equation is introduced in the next step to simulate the microalgae's growth and movement using the user-defined function technique. The comparison of a tubular photobioreactor is investigated between fin and without fin by observing biomass production. The results showed that algae's optimum inlet velocity is 0.15 meters per second with the tubes containing fin-type 13-24. When simulating the growth behavior of microalgae, results show that the tubes without fins had lower biomass content than the 13-24 fin-type, which were 0.675 and 0.806 grams per liter, respectively, because the 13-24 fin-type will make well microalgae distribution leading to increase the light distribution too. Tubular photobioreactor fins type 13-24 had more biomass production, up to 19.4 percent.
Comparison of Maseration and Sonication Method on Flavonoid Extraction from Mango Leaves: Effect of Solvent Ratio
Authors: Sari Alifiana Permata , Amanah Nur Layli , Wardatullathifah Awalia , Nugroho Agung 
Published: December 2022

Mango leaf extract has proven to contain flavonoids that serve as antioxidants. In this study, a comparison between traditional maceration and sonication on flavonoid extraction from mango leaf was investigated. The various ratios of ethanol and acetone were utilized as solvents (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15). The sonication process, which uses an ultrasonic cleaning bath set at 40 oC, takes 30 minutes as contrasted to the maceration procedure of 36 hours treatment at room temperature. The flavonoid test using aluminum (III) chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric technique shows that acetone provides greater solvent power than ethanol. According to this study, the optimal ratios for the maceration and sonication procedures are 1:10 and 1:15, respectively. The maceration process resulted in the optimum extract of 0.186 mgQE/g dry leaves. Meanwhile, using a 1:15 acetone solvent ratio and the sonication method, the highest concentration of flavonoid components was discovered, reaching 0.143 mgQE/g dry material with 54 times shorter time.
POWDER-ACTIVATED CONCRETE WITH A GRANULAR SUR-FACE TEXTURE
Authors: Erofeev Vladimir , Vatin Nikolai , Maksimova Irina , Tarakanov Oleg , Sanyagina Yana , Erofeeva Irina , Suzdaltsev Oleg 
Published: December 2022

In recent years, self-compacting concrete mixtures have been widely used. Such mixtures are characterized by high workability without the use of vibration exposure. The application of innovative technologies allows manufactoring of various materials and products for architectural and construction purposes with improved decorative properties. The paper provides the results of a study on the selection of compositions for decorative-finishing powder-activated concrete with a granular surface texture according to rheological properties, strength and frost resistance had been adopted.
The following components were adopted for the research. Egyptian white cement was used as a binder, microquartz as a microfiller, screenings of crushing granite and cooper slag of 0–0.63 mm fraction was used as a finely dispersed component, granite cuts 0.63–5.0 mm and cooper slag of 0.63–2.5 mm fraction as an aggregate sand. A new generation superplasticizer of domestic and foreign productionplasticized the mixtures. Structural and rheotechnological parameters of powder-activated concretes were calculated.
From the obtained values of the conditional rheological criteria of powder-activated concretes, it follows that all of them are much greater than unity and characterize a significant excess of the volumes of rheological matrices over the volumes of fine-grained, coarse-grained components that fit into them with large separation of particles and grains.
Strength as a complex mechanical characteristic, including a combination of strength, reliability and durability criteria, is the most important quality parameter of the concrete structure as an active and the most massive building material for structural purposes. A significant number of facilities made of concrete and reinforced concrete are being built in the southern and northern regions, characterized by extreme climatic conditions. Buildings and structures are exposed to cyclic loadings of various types and climatic influences, characterized by cyclic manifestations of negative and alternating temperatures. The research revealed high indicators of strength and frost resistance of decorative powder-activated concretes with a granular surface texture.
Peran Rumah Tangga Dan Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal Terhadap Kondisi Air Minum Sumur Gali Di Indonesia
Authors: Dharmayanti Ika , Tjandrarini Dwi Hapsari , Zahra Zahra 
Published: December 2022

Water is essential for human life. The availability of decent dan safe water for drinking, food processing, and day to day necessity is required to prevent water-borne diseases. This study analyzes the role of household factors (compositional) and rural/urban village factors (contextual) on the condition of dug-wells water in Indonesia. The analysis used data integration of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) – the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas)in March 2018 and the 2018 Village Potential (Podes) data. These three surveys employed a cross-sectional design. We applied multilevel logistic regression modeling using STATA in the analysis. Samples were households that used dug wells in 12,259 rural/urban villages in Indonesia. The result found that 76,5% of households use basic drinking water facilities, in which 54% were in poor condition. The role of household-level (level 1) and rural/urban village-level (level 2) were almost the same, which were 50.13% and 49.87% respectively. In conclusion, there were no differences between household factors and rural/urban village factors in explaining the condition of drinking water from dug wells in Indonesia. To maintain proper and safe dug-wells-drinking-water facilities for all family members, it is necessary to provide environmental education to the community, to encourage community service and to reforest the living environment.
Abstrak
Air sangat dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan manusia. Ketersediaan air yang layak dan aman sangat diperlukan oleh masyarakat untuk keperluan minum, pengolahan makanan dan kebutuhan sehari-hari agar dapat terhindar dari penyakit yang ditularkan melalui air. Penelitian ini menganalisis peranan faktor rumah tangga (komposisional) dan faktor desa/kelurahan (kontekstual) terhadap kondisi air minum sumur gali di Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan data integrasi Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 - Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) Maret 2018 dan Potensi Desa (Podes) 2018. Ketiga survei tersebut menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Analisis menggunakan pemodelan multilevel logistic regression dengan program STATA. Sampel diambil dari rumah tangga yang menggunakan sumur gali pada 12.259 desa/kelurahan di Indonesia. Dari hasil diketahui bahwa 76,5% rumah tangga menggunakan sarana air minum dasar, dengan 54% kondisinya tidak baik. Besar peran tingkat rumah tangga (level 1) dan desa/kelurahan (level 2) hampir sama besar yaitu 50,13% dan 49,87%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan faktor rumah tangga dan desa dalam menjelaskan kondisi air minum dari sumur gali di Indonesia. Untuk menjaga keberlangsungan sarana air minum sumur gali yang layak dan aman bagi seluruh anggota keluarga, diperlukan penyuluhan lingkungan bagi masyarakat, menggiatkan kerja bakti dan melakukan penghijauan lingkungan tempat tinggal.
Aktivitas Herbal Antidepresan Kombinasi Biji Salak dan Kulit Jeruk Terhadap Mencit yang Diperlakukan Tail Suspension Test (TST)
Authors: Fahrudin Fahri , Haribowo Dinda Rama , Hamida Fathin , Wardhana Hajar Indra , Mirliana Farianita 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Depression is a mental illness that has increased from 2005 to the present. Depression can be treated with the consumption of antidepressant synthetic drugs, however, has side effects dependence. The aim of this study was to make a herbal antidepressant formula from zalacca seeds and orange peel as an alternative to synthetic antidepressants. The method used is the Tail Suspension Test (TST) to animal’s model of depression. Forced Swimming Test (FST) is used to view immobility time (IMT) as an evaluation of the depression level. There were five mixed formulas (the combination of salak seeds and orange peel) that dissolved in water (450C) and were administrated orally on mice. The antioxidant test was carried out on five formulas and a urine chemical characterization test in all treatment groups. The result showed that all formulas were significantly different (p<0.05) was compared to pain controls (depression). There were four formulas that were not significantly different (p>0.05) and one formula was significantly different (p<0.05) compared to the synthetic antidepressant. The formula blend still contains quite antioxidants. The chemical characterization of urine showed normal values in all treatment groups. The conclusion is that the formula tested has the potential to be an herbal antidepressant formula.

Keywords: antidepressant herbs, FST, orange peel, TST, zalacca seeds

ABSTRAK
Depresi merupakan penyakit mental yang mengalami peningkatan sejak 2005 hinga saat ini. Depresi dapat diatasi dengan konsumsi obat antidepresan sintetis, namun memiliki efek ketergantungan. Diperlukan antidepresan herbal yang lebih aman. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuat formula antidepresan kombinasi biji salak dan kulit jeruk. Metode TST digunakan untuk membuat model hewan depresi. Forced Swimming Test (FST) digunakan untuk melihat immobility time (IMT) sebagai evaluasi terhadap depresi. Lima formula kombinasi (biji salak dan kulit jeruk) dilarutkan dalam air (450C) diberikan secara oral pada mencit. Total 40 ekor mencit jantan dibagi delapan kelompok perlakuan (P0–P7) dan diamati nilai IMTnya. Hasil uji FST menunjukkan lima formula antidepresan memiliki nilai IMT lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan P2 (kontrol depresi). Dilakukan uji antioksidan pada lima formula (P3–P7) serta karakterisasi kimia urin pada semua kelompok perlakuan untuk mengetahui keamanan dari formula antidepresan. Terdapat empat formula yang tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05) dan satu formula (P6) berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dengan obat antidepresan sintetis (P1). Semua formula terdeteksi memiliki kadar antioksidan secara kualitatif. Karakterisasi kimia urin menunjukan nilai normal dan tidak ada perbedaan nyata (p>0,05) pada semua kelompok perlakuan. Dengan demikian formula kombinasi biji salak dan kulit jeruk berpotensi sebagai formula herbal antidepresan.

Kata kunci: biji salak, FST, herbal antidepresan, kulit jeruk, TST
Study of Expression and Regulation of Mouse Beta-Defensin 2 as a Model for Understanding Its Role in the Process of Sperm Maturation
Authors: Pujianto Dwi Ari , Setyoadi Andika , , Asmarinah 
Published: December 2022

Abstrak
Beberapa gen yang terekspresi spesfik di epididimis diduga terlibat dalam proses pematangan sperma. Ekspresi gen spesifik di epididimis dipengaruhi oleh androgen, faktor testikuler, dan terekspresi pada masa pubertas. Famili gen yang cukup banyak ditemukan terekspresi di epididimis adalah beta-defensin, salah satunya yaitu beta-defensin 2 (Defb2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi gen Defb2 terkait dengan perannya pada proses pematangan sperma. Analisis bioinformatika digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai struktur gen, signal peptide, dan domain fungsional pada gen Defb2. Analisis quantitative reverse transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) untuk mengetahui ekspresi relatif gen Defb2. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu Defb2 merupakan protein sekretori karena memiliki signal peptide. Defb2 memiliki domain fungsional berupa N-myristoylation dan protein kinase-C. Gen Defb2 terekspresi spesifik di epididimis. Ekspresi Defb2 dipengaruhi oleh androgen dan faktor testikuler terbukti setelah perlakuan gonadektomi dan efferent duct ligation (EDL) terjadi penurunan ekspresi Defb2. Adapun pada analisis postnatal development terlihat ekspresi gen Defb2 mulai terdeteksi pada hari ke-15 yang merupakan masa pubertas mencit jantan.
Kata kunci: androgen, beta-defensin 2 (Defb2), epididimis, pematangan sperma
Abstract
Several specific genes expressed in the epididymis are thought to be involved in the sperm maturation process. Their specific expression in the epididymis are influenced by androgens, testicular factors, and increased expression at puberty. A family of genes that are commonly found expressed in the epididymis is beta-defensin, one of which is beta-defensin 2 (Defb2). This study was aimed to characterize the Defb2 gene related to its role in the sperm maturation process. Bioinformatics analysis was used in this study to obtain information about gene structure, signal peptides, and functional domains in the Defb2 gene. The quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to determine relative expression of the Defb2 gene. The results showed Defb2 was a secretory protein because it has a signal peptide. Defb2 has a functional domain in the form of N-myristoylation and protein kinase-C. Defb2 gene was specifically expressed in the epididymis. Defb2 expression was influenced by androgens and testicular factors that were proven by post gonadectomy and efferent duct ligation (EDL) decreases in Defb2 expression. As for the postnatal development analysis, the expression of Defb2 gene was initially detected on day 15 which is the puberty of male mice.
Keywords: androgen, beta-defensin 2 (Defb2), epididymis, sperm maturation
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PRAKTIK MASYARAKAT TERHADAP UPAYA PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR DBD DI KOTA TERNATE, PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Tomia Amalan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The Eradication of Mosquito Nest (PSN) program through depleting, burying, and closing (3M) plus aims to break the chain of mosquito breeding by eradicating the eggs and larvae of Ae. aegypti mosquito. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of respondents to the DHF vector control in Ternate City. The research was conducted in Ternate City, in October 2017-February 2018. The data on knowledge, attitudes, and practices were collected from 391 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The analysis of relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices on DHF vector control were measured using Chi Square test. The results of the analysis of the relationship between respondents' knowledge had a significant effect on the age group and education level (p <0.05), but not significant to the respondent's occupation (p> 0.05) on the control of the DHF vector. The attitude of the respondent was significantly related to the respondent's age group (p <0.05), but not significant to the level of education and occupation of the respondent (p> 0.05). The respondent practice only had a significant relationship with the respondent's age group (p <0.05) on the effort to control the dengue vector. The relationship between the respondents' practice of controlling the dengue vector was 0.376 greater than the knowledge and attitudes of the respondents towards controlling the vector of dengue fever in Ternate City.
Keywords: DHF, knowledge, attitude, behavior, Ternate City

ABSTRAK
Program Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) melalui kegiatan menguras, mengubur dan menutup (3M) plus bertujuan untuk memutus mata rantai perkembangbiakan nyamuk dengan memberantas telur dan larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap serta perilaku responden terhadap pencegahan penyakit DBD di Kota Ternate. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Ternate, pada bulan Oktober 2017 - Februari 2018. Data tentang pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik dikumpulkan dari 391 responden dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek terhadap pengendalian vektor DBD diukur dengan uji Chi Square. Pengetahuan responden berpengaruh secara signifikan dengan kelompok umur dan tingkat pendidikan (p<0,05), namun tidak signifikan dengan pekerjaan (p>0,05). Sikap responden berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kelompok umur responden (p<0,05), namun tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan (p>0,05). Praktik responden hanya berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kelompok umur responden (p<0,05). Hubungan praktik responden terhadap pengendalian vektor DBD sebesar 0,376 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pengetahuan dan sikap responden terhadap pengendalian vektor DBD di Kota Ternate.
Kata kunci: Demam berdarah dengue, pengetahuan, sikap, praktik, Kota Ternate
FAKTOR DOMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU BUANG AIR BESAR SEMBARANGAN (BABS) DI KOTA PEKANBARU, PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Ismainar Hetty , Kuniasari Tety , Hanafi Ahmad 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Open defecation is the act of disposing of waste in an area that can contaminate the environment. In Indonesia, there are still areas with Open Defecation Free (ODF) coverage that does not meet the national target (100%), one of which is in Pekanbaru City (28,6%). This study aims to explain the influence of environmental factors on defecation behavior. The type of research was quantitative with a cross-sectional design. A total of 194 families become respondents with proportional random sampling technique. Collecting data using a questionnaire. Data analysis was univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with logistic regression test. There were still 105 families (54.1%) who had open defecation. The variable that has a significant relationship with p-value <0.05 with open defecation behavior was latrine access (p=0.019), TOMA support (p=0.000), health care coaching (p=0.033), financial income (p=0.003) and habits (p=0.000). There were two dominant factors, namely habit with POR=3.771 (1.881-7.563) and TOMA support with POR=3.698 (1.872-7.034). Public awareness is needed, also increasing the frequency of home visits, socializing, and providing health information through print, electronic and social media.
Keywords: Open Defecation Free (ODF), Environmental Factor, Pekanbaru

ABSTRAK
Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) adalah tindakan membuang kotoran di area yang dapat mengkontaminasi lingkungan. Di Indonesia masih terdapat daerah dengan cakupan STOP BABS masih belum sesuai target nasional (100%), salah satunya di Kota Pekanbaru (28,6%). Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap perilaku BABS. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Total 194 kepala keluarga (KK) yang menjadi responden dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistic. Masih ditemukan 105 KK (54,1%) yang berperilaku BABS. Variabel yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan p-value <0,05 dengan perilaku BABS yaitu akses jamban (p=0.019), dukungan TOMA (p=0.000), pembinaan nakes (p=0.033), pendapatan (p=0.003), dan kebiasaan (p=0.000). Terdapat dua faktor dominan yaitu kebiasaan dengan POR=3,771 (1,881-7,563) dan dukungan TOMA dengan POR=3,698 (1,872-7,034). Perlu kesadaran dari masyarakat, peningkatan frekuensi kunjungan rumah, sosialisasi dan pemberian informasi kesehatan melalui media cetak, elektronik juga media sosial.
Kata kunci: Perilaku Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS), Faktor Lingkungan, Pekanbaru
Gambaran Status Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Masyarakat di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta
Authors: Suratri Made Ayu Lely , Agus Telly Purnamasari , Jovina Tince Arniati 
Published: December 2022

Abstrak
Status Kesehatan Gigi dan mulut merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang belum mendapat prioritas tinggi. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi mencapai 88,80% dan prevalensi periodontitis 74,10%. Provinsi DIY termasuk provinsi yang mempunyai proporsi yang bermasalah dengan gigi dan mulut nya di atas angka Nasional (65,60%) dan yang mendapatkan perawatan oleh tenaga medis gigi 16,40%. Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran status kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Provinsi DIY. Metode penelitian non intervensi dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional). Pengumpulan data kesehatan gigi dan mulut dilakukan di 5 kabupaten kota Provinsi DIY melalui Riskesdas 2018, dengan sampel penelitian adalah semua anggota rumah tangga di rumah tangga terpilih berusia ≥ 3 tahun ke atas. Pelaksanaan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner, dan pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut dengan menggunakan formulir dan alat sesuai dengan standar WHO. Hasil penelitian diketahui jumlah responden usia ≥ 3 tahun, sebanyak 10.897 orang terdiri dari responden laki laki 49,34 % dan perempuan 50,66%. Kabupaten Gunung Kidul yang bermasalah paling tinggi dengan gigi rusak/berlubang/sakit, dan yang bermasalah paling tinggi dengan kesehatan mulut dengan gusi bengkak dan/atau keluar bisul (abses) yaitu Kota Yogyakarta. Mengatasi masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang paling banyak dengan cara pengobatan/minum obat (35,43%), kemudian diikuti dengan konseling perawatan kebersihan dan kesehatan gigi & mulut (14,00%), pencabutan gigi (8,63%), dan penumpatan/penambalan gigi (6,41%). Proporsi responden yang menyikat gigi setiap hari sebesar 65,59% dan waktu menyikat gigi yang benar sebesar 16,41%. Kesimpulan, proporsi tertinggi responden yang bermasalah dengan gigi rusak, berlubang ataupun sakit adalah kelompok usia 5-9 tahun, sedangkan proporsi terendah kelompok usia 3-4 tahun. Tindakan yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan pengobatan/minum obat yang tertinggi di Kota Yogyakarta. Kabupaten Gunung Kidul yang bermasalah dengan gigi dan mulut tertinggi, sedangkan Kabupaten Bantul yang menerima perawatan paling tinggi oleh tenaga medis gigi.
Kata kunci: gambaran, status kesehatan gigi dan mulut, provinsi DIY
PERSEBARAN DAN POTENSI ETNOFITOMEDIKA KASTURI (Mangifera casturi Kosterm): STUDI KASUS PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU BANJAR DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR, PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Fakhrozi Irzal , Hikmat Agus , Widyatmoko Didik , Zuhud Ervizal AM , Metananda Arya Arismaya 
Published: December 2022

Mangifera casturi Kosterm (Kasturi) memiliki nilai konservasi yang tinggi karena telah dinyatakan sebagai spesies yang punah di alam. Selain nilai konservasi yang tinggi, spesies ini juga merupakan spesies endemik pulau Kalimantan dan identitas flora Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Di Provinsi Riau, penyebaran kasturi tidak terlepas dari masuknya masyarakat suku Banjar dari Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 1860an. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan penyebaran kasturi hanya terdapat di perkampungan masyarakat banjar yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau. Masyarakat banjar di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir memanfaatkan kasturi sebagai sumber bahan pangan (buah-buahan) dan buah ini juga dipercaya dapat mengatasi penyakit kembung dan masuk angin. Berdasarkan analisis metabolit sekunder pada aril dan kulit buah Kasturi, senyawa umum yang ada antara lain 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural merupakan senyawa golongan aldehid, Palmitic acid merupakan senyawa golongan asam lemak jenuh dan Ethyl palmitate merupakan senyawa golongan asam lemak.