bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Large-Scale Network Interactions Across Psychiatric Disorders Revealed by Large-Sample Multi-Site Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Datasets
Authors: Ishida Takuya , Nakamura Yuko , Tanaka Saori C , Mitsuyama Yuki , Yokoyama Satoshi , Shinzato Hotaka , Itai Eri , Okada Go , Kobayashi Yuko , Kawashima Takahiko , Miyata Jun , Yoshihara Yujiro , Takahashi Hidehiko , Morita Susumu , Kawakami Shintaro , Abe Osamu , Okada Naohiro , Kunimatsu Akira , Yamashita Ayumu , Yamashita Okito , Imamizu Hiroshi , Morimoto Jun , Okamoto Yasumasa , Murai Toshiya , Kasai Kiyoto , Kawato Mitsuo , Koike Shinsuke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Dynamics of the distributed sets of functionally synchronized brain regions, known as large-scale networks, are essential for the emotional state and cognitive processes. However, few studies were performed to elucidate the aberrant dynamics across the large-scale networks across multiple psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we aimed to investigate dynamic aspects of the aberrancy of the causal connections among the large-scale networks of the multiple psychiatric disorders.

Study Design
We applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to the large-sample multi-site dataset with 739 participants from 4 imaging sites including 4 different groups, healthy controls, schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), to compare the causal relationships among the large-scale networks, including visual network, somatomotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), salience network (SAN), limbic network (LIN), frontoparietal network, and default mode network.

Study Results
DCM showed that the decreased self-inhibitory connection of LIN was the common aberrant connection pattern across psychiatry disorders. Furthermore, increased causal connections from LIN to multiple networks, aberrant self-inhibitory connections of DAN and SMN, and increased self-inhibitory connection of SAN were disorder-specific patterns for SCZ, MDD, and BD, respectively.

Conclusions
DCM revealed that LIN was the core abnormal network common to psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, DCM showed disorder-specific abnormal patterns of causal connections across the 7 networks. Our findings suggested that aberrant dynamics among the large-scale networks could be a key biomarker for these transdiagnostic psychiatric disorders.
Effects of selected blood-derived factors on innate immunity in the human body louse
Authors: Kress Lauren , Tegethoff Benjamin , Pietri Jose E 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The human body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) is a host-specific hematophagous ectoparasite that frequently infests populations experiencing a breakdown of hygienic conditions. Body lice are also vectors for several bacterial human pathogens, including Bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever. However, the factors that influence immunity and infection in body lice are poorly understood. Human infection with B. quintana is associated with alcoholism and homelessness and can coincide with elevated circulating levels of the cytokine IL-10 and the inflammatory marker neopterin. Hematophagous arthropods are capable of responding physiologically and immunologically to a variety of biomolecules present in the blood of their hosts. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether ingestion of alcohol, its metabolic product acetaldehyde, IL-10 or neopterin could affect innate immunity and infection in the body louse.

Methods
Groups of lice were provisioned multiple blood meals containing physiological concentrations of alcohol, acetaldehyde, IL-10 or neopterin, and expression of six previously identified immunity-related genes (Defensin 1, Defensin 2, Prophenoloxidase, Hemocytin, Noduler and Dual Oxidase) was examined by qRT-PCR.

Results
Alcohol, acetaldehyde and IL-10 had no significant effects on gene expression relative to blood-fed controls while ingestion of neopterin significantly downregulated expression of Defensin 1 and Defensin 2. Nonetheless, ingestion of neopterin concurrent with B. quintana had no significant effect on the load of infection, indicating that neopterin-induced repression of Defensin expression is insufficient to reduce resistance to the pathogen.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the immune system of body lice can be affected by factors present in the blood of their human hosts and suggest potential conservation of the function of some immune molecules from human host to ectoparasite. Further, the discord between the effects of neopterin on immunity-related gene expression and B. quintana load highlights the complexity of the regulation of pathogen infection in the louse vector.
Vestibular Vertigo and Disparities in Healthcare Access Among Adults in the United States
Authors: Min Youn Gun , Shah Jay P. , Agrawal Yuri , Wei Eric X. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
Vertigo and dizziness have a high lifetime prevalence with significant impacts on daily life. We sought to explore differences in access to and ability to afford care among adults with vestibular vertigo by race/ethnicity, income, and insurance type.

Design:
This is a cross-sectional study using the 2016 National Health Interview Survey. A total of 32,047 adults who completed the 2016 National Health Interview Survey Balance Supplement were analyzed. We used a previously validated definition of vertigo defined as (1) positional vertigo, (2) rotational vertigo, or (3) recurrent dizziness with nausea and either oscillopsia or imbalance. We examined several self-reported measures of healthcare utilization and access.

Results:
Among adults with vestibular vertigo, African Americans had significantly increased odds of delayed care due to lack of transportation; Hispanic ethnicity was associated with decreased odds of skipping medication doses and asking a doctor for a lower-cost medication. Adults with public insurance had significantly lower odds of reporting delayed care due to worry about cost, not receiving medical care due to cost, and delayed filling of a prescription, but had greater odds of reporting delayed care due to lack of transportation. Lack of insurance and lower income were associated with increased odds of delaying and not receiving care due to cost.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate significant differences in access to care among adults with vestibular vertigo in the United States based on race, income, and health insurance status.
Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms to Predict Postoperative Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Khazanchi Rushmin , Bajaj Anitesh , Shah Rohan M. , Chen Austin R. , Reyes Samuel G. , Kurapaty Steven S. , Hsu Wellington K. , Patel Alpesh A. , Divi Srikanth N. 
Published: March 2023

Study Design:
A retrospective cohort study from a multisite academic medical center.

Objective:
To construct, evaluate, and interpret a series of machine learning models to predict outcomes related to inpatient health care resource utilization for patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:
Reducing postoperative health care utilization is an important goal for improving the delivery of surgical care and serves as a metric for quality assessment. Recent data has shown marked hospital resource utilization after ACDF surgery, including readmissions, and ED visits. The burden of postoperative health care use presents a potential application of machine learning techniques, which may be capable of accurately identifying at-risk patients using patient-specific predictors.

Methods:
Patients 18-88 years old who underwent ACDF from 2011 to 2021 at a multisite academic center and had preoperative lab values within 3 months of surgery were included. Outcomes analyzed included 90-day readmissions, postoperative length of stay, and nonhome discharge. Four machine learning models—Extreme Gradient Boosted Trees, Balanced Random Forest, Elastic-Net Penalized Logistic Regression, and a Neural Network—were trained and evaluated through the Area Under the Curve estimates. Feature importance scores were computed for the highest-performing model per outcome through model-specific metrics.

Results:
A total of 1026 cases were included in the analysis cohort. All machine learning models were predictive for outcomes of interest, with the Random Forest algorithm consistently demonstrating the strongest average area under the curve performance, with a peak performance of 0.84 for nonhome discharge. Important features varied per outcome, though age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >2, and medical comorbidities were highly weighted in the studied outcomes.

Conclusions:
Machine learning models were successfully applied and predictive of postoperative health utilization after ACDF. Deployment of these tools can assist clinicians in determining high-risk patients.

Level of Evidence:
III.
Sleep Disturbances in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Bisson Erica F. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Michalopoulos Giorgos D. , El Sammak Sally , Chan Andrew K. , Agarwal Nitin , Wang Michael Y. , Knightly John J. , Sherrod Brandon A. , Gottfried Oren N. , Than Khoi D. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Goldberg Jacob L. , Virk Michael S. , Hussain Ibrahim , Shabani Saman , Glassman Steven D. , Tumialan Louis M. , Turner Jay D. , Uribe Juan S. , Meyer Scott A. , Lu Daniel C. , Buchholz Avery L. , Upadhyaya Cheerag , Shaffrey Mark E. , Park Paul , Foley Kevin T. , Coric Domagoj , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Potts Eric A. , Stroink Ann R. , Chou Dean , Fu Kai-Ming G. , Haid Regis W. , Asher Anthony L. , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: March 2023

Study Design:
Prospective observational study, level of evidence 1 for prognostic investigations.

Objectives:
To evaluate the prevalence of sleep impairment and predictors of improved sleep quality 24 months postoperatively in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) using the quality outcomes database.

Summary of Background Data:
Sleep disturbances are a common yet understudied symptom in CSM.

Materials and Methods:
The quality outcomes database was queried for patients with CSM, and sleep quality was assessed through the neck disability index sleep component at baseline and 24 months postoperatively. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors of failure to improve sleep impairment and symptoms causing lingering sleep dysfunction 24 months after surgery.

Results:
Among 1135 patients with CSM, 904 (79.5%) had some degree of sleep dysfunction at baseline. At 24 months postoperatively, 72.8% of the patients with baseline sleep symptoms experienced improvement, with 42.5% reporting complete resolution. Patients who did not improve were more like to be smokers [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.85], have osteoarthritis (aOR: 1.72), report baseline radicular paresthesia (aOR: 1.51), and have neck pain of ≥4/10 on a numeric rating scale. Patients with improved sleep noted higher satisfaction with surgery (88.8% vs 72.9%, aOR: 1.66) independent of improvement in other functional areas. In a multivariable analysis including pain scores and several myelopathy-related symptoms, lingering sleep dysfunction at 24 months was associated with neck pain (aOR: 1.47) and upper (aOR: 1.45) and lower (aOR: 1.52) extremity paresthesias.

Conclusion:
The majority of patients presenting with CSM have associated sleep disturbances. Most patients experience sustained improvement after surgery, with almost half reporting complete resolution. Smoking, osteoarthritis, radicular paresthesia, and neck pain ≥4/10 numeric rating scale score are baseline risk factors of failure to improve sleep dysfunction. Improvement in sleep symptoms is a major driver of patient-reported satisfaction. Incomplete resolution of sleep impairment is likely due to neck pain and extremity paresthesia.
The Need for Additional Surgery after Passive versus Active Approaches to Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Grosser Joshua A. , Kogan Samuel , Layton Ryan G. , Pontier Joshua F. , Bins Griffin P. , Runyan Christopher M. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Endoscopically assisted craniofacial surgery (EACS) has numerous advantages over traditional, open approaches, such as fronto-orbital advancement in treating nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. However, several articles report high reoperation rates in syndromic patients treated with EACS. This meta-analysis and review examines undesirable outcome rates (UORs), defined as reoperation or Whitaker category III/IV, in syndromic patients undergoing primary EACS compared with procedures that actively expand the cranial vault.

Methods:
PubMed and Embase were searched in June 2022 to identify all articles reporting primary reoperation or Whitaker outcomes for syndromic patients undergoing cranial vault expanding surgery or suturectomy. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed comparing UORs, and a trim-and-fill adjustment method was used to validate sensitivity and assess publication bias.

Results:
A total of 721 articles were screened. Five EACS articles (83 patients) and 22 active approach articles (478 patients) met inclusion criteria. Average UORs for EACS and active approaches were 26% (14%–38%) and 20% (13%–28%), respectively (P = 0.18). Reoperation occurred earlier in EACS patients (13.7 months postprimary surgery versus 37.1 months for active approaches, P = 0.003). Relapse presentations and reason for reoperation were also reviewed. Subjectively, EACS UORs were higher in all syndromes except Apert, and Saethre-Chotzen patients had the highest UOR for both approaches.

Conclusions:
There was no statistically significant increase in UORs among syndromic patients treated with EACS compared with traditional approaches, although EACS patients required revision significantly sooner. Uncertainties regarding the long-term efficacy of EACS in children with syndromic craniosynostosis should be revisited as more data become available.
Outcomes of Ventral Hernia Repair After Orthotopic Liver Transplant Using Component Separation and Onlay Biologic Mesh
Authors: Soto Edgar , Zoog Evon , Nolte Michael D. , Fang H. Amanda , de la Torre Jorge I. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe management of ventral hernias (VHs) after orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) can be uniquely challenging because of immunosuppression coupled with large laparotomy size that can compromise the quality of the abdominal wall. The component separation with multipoint suture onlay acellular dermis fixation technique has proven to be effective in high-risk abdominal wall reconstructions. The goal of this study was to elucidate the factors that affect safety and efficacy of VH repair in post-OLT patients.MethodsA retrospective review of 345 patients who underwent repair of VH with compartment separation and onlay acellular dermal matrix reinforcement from a single surgeon from 2012 to 2020 was conducted. Of these, 27 patients were identified with a history of OLT and were stratified based on whether the defect was a initial or recurrent hernia repair. The majority of patients had a standard chevron incision (70%). Data abstraction was performed for preoperative risk factors, hernia characteristics, surgical site complications, and postoperative course including hernia recurrence.ResultsA majority of cases in the study period were initial hernia repairs (59%) with no significant differences in the patient demographics and size of VH defects (190 ± 112.69 cm2). Comorbidities were similar between the groups with the exception of a significantly higher baseline creatinine levels and higher history of smoking in the recurrent hernia repair group (P< 0.05). Of the 27 cases, there were no demonstrable hernia recurrences noted and an overall 11% complication rate. Univariate analysis noted a statistically significant difference in surgical site complication rate (P= 0.017), with the initial hernia repair group having the lowest rate of surgical site complications.ConclusionsIn complex post-OLT patients with large VH, modified component separation with onlay acellular mesh was shown to have acceptable medium-term results. Further studies investigating the factors leading to postoperative complications are necessary to reduce recurrence in this evolving patient population.
Performance analysis and optimization of inverted inorganic CsGeI
3
perovskite cells with carbon/copper charge transport materials using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Noman Muhammad , Tariq Jan Shayan , Khan Adnan Daud 
Published: March 2023

Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of more than 25%. However, the organic compound in the material is causing structural degradation of the PSC owing to heat (thermal instability), humidity and moisture. This has led to the exploration of only inorganic perovskite materials. Inorganic PSCs such as caesium have seen a breakthrough by achieving highly stable PSC with PCE exceeding 15%. In this work, the inorganic non-toxic PSC of caesium germanium tri-iodide (CsGeI
3
) is numerically modelled in SCAPS-1D with two carbon-based electron transport layers (ETLs) and two copper-based hole transport layers (HTLs). This study introduces in-depth numerical modelling and analysis of CsGeI
3
through continuity and Poisson equations. Cu HTLs are selected to increase the electric conductivity of the cell, while carbon-based ETL is used to increase the thermal conductivity of the PSC. A total of four unique PSC structures are designed and presented. A systematic approach is adopted to obtain the optimized PSC design parameters for maximum performance. From the optimized results, it is observed that the C
60
/CsGeI
3
/CuSCN structure is the highest performance PSC, with open-circuit voltage (
V
oc
) of 1.0169 V, short-circuit current density (
J
sc
) of 19.653 mA cm
−2
, fill factor of 88.13% and the PCE of 17.61%. Moreover, the effect of quantum efficiency, electric field, interface recombination, interface defects, layer thickness, defect density, doping concentration, working temperature and reflection coating on the cell performance are studied in detail.
Multiscale mapping of transcriptomic signatures for cardiotoxic drugs
Authors: Hansen Jens , Xiong Yuguang , Dhanan Priyanka , Hu Bin , Yadaw Arjun S. , Jayaraman Gomathi , Tolentino Rosa , Chen Yibang , Beaumont Kristin G. , Sebra Robert , Vidovic Dusica , Schürer Stephan C. , Goldfarb Joseph , Gallo James , Birtwistle Marc R. , Sobie Eric A. , Azeloglu Evren U. , Berger Seth , Chan Angel , Schaniel Christoph , Dubois Nicole C. , Iyengar Ravi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrug-induced gene expression profiles can identify potential mechanisms of toxicity. We focused on obtaining signatures for cardiotoxicity of FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Using bulk transcriptomics profiles, we applied singular value decomposition to identify drug-selective patterns in cell lines obtained from multiple healthy human subjects. Cellular pathways affected by highly cardiotoxic TKIs include energy metabolism, contractile, and extracellular matrix dynamics. Projecting these pathways to single cell expression profiles indicates that TKI responses can be evoked in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Whole genome sequences of the cell lines, using outlier responses enabled us to correctly reidentify a genomic variant associated with anthracycline cardiotoxicity and predict genomic variants potentially associated with TKI cardiotoxicity. We conclude that mRNA expression profiles when integrated with publicly available genomic, pathway, and single cell transcriptomic datasets, provide multiscale predictive understanding of cardiotoxicity for drug development and patient stratification.One sentence summaryGenes, pathways, and cell types of the human heart associated with antineoplastic drug cardiotoxicity.
Impact and cost-effectiveness of measles vaccination through microarray patches in 70 low- and middle-income countries: a modelling study
Authors: Fu Han , Abbas Kaja , Malvolti Stefano , Gregory Christopher , Ko Melissa , Amorij Jean-Pierre , Jit Mark 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMicroarray patches are a promising technology being developed to reduce barriers to vaccine delivery based on needles and syringes. To address the evidence gap on the public health value of applying this potential technology to immunisation programmes, we evaluated the health impact on measles burden and resulting cost-effectiveness of introducing measles-rubella microarray patches (MR-MAPs) in 70 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe used an age-structured dynamic model of measles transmission and vaccination to project measles cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years during 2030⍰2040. Compared to the baseline scenarios with continuing current needle-based immunisation practice, we evaluated the introduction of MR-MAPs under different assumptions on measles vaccine coverage projections and MR-MAP introduction strategies. Costs were calculated based on the ingredients approach, including direct cost of measles treatment, vaccine procurement, and vaccine delivery. Model-based burden and cost estimates were derived for individual countries and country income groups. We compared the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of introducing MR-MAPs to health opportunity costs.ResultsMR-MAPs introduction could prevent 27%⍰37% of measles burden between 2030⍰2040 in 70 LMICs. The largest health impact could be achieved under lower coverage projection and accelerated introduction strategy, with 39 million measles cases averted. Cost of measles treatment is a key driver of the net cost of introduction. In LMICs with a relatively higher income, introducing MR-MAPs could be a cost-saving intervention due to reduction in measles treatment costs. Compared to country-specific health opportunity costs, introducing MR-MAPs would be cost-effective in 16⍰81% of LMICs, depending on the MR-MAPs procurement price and vaccine coverage projections.ConclusionsIntroducing MR-MAPs in LMICs can be a cost-effective strategy to revitalise measles immunisation programmes with stagnant uptake and reach under-vaccinated children. Sustainable introduction and uptake of MR-MAPs has the potential to improve vaccine equity within and between countries and accelerate progress towards measles elimination.
A Transcriptomic Atlas of the Human Brain Reveals Genetically Determined Aspects of Neuropsychiatric Health
Authors: Bledsoe Xavier , Gamazon Eric R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImaging features associated with neuropsychiatric traits can provide valuable insights into underlying pathophysiology. Using data from the UK biobank, we perform tissue-specific TWAS on over 3,500 neuroimaging phenotypes to generate a publicly accessible resource detailing the neurophysiologic consequences of gene expression. As a comprehensive catalog of neuroendophenotypes, this resource represents a powerful neurologic gene prioritization schema that can improve our understanding of brain function, development, and disease. We show that our approach generates reproducible results in internal and external replication datasets. Notably, genetically determined expression alone is shown here to enable high-fidelity reconstruction of brain structure and organization. We demonstrate complementary benefits of cross-tissue and single-tissue analyses towards an integrated neurobiology and provide evidence that gene expression outside the central nervous system provides unique insights into brain health. As an application, we show that over 40% of genes previously associated with schizophrenia in the largest GWAS meta-analysis causally affect neuroimaging phenotypes noted to be altered in schizophrenic patients.