bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator Arrays Based on Dynamic Electric‐Double‐Layer for Harvesting Water Wave Energy
Authors: Liang Xi , Liu Shijie , Lin Shiquan , Yang Hongbo , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the new energy era, ocean wave energy is recognized as one of the most important clean and renewable energy sources. As an advanced energy technology, developing triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to harvest ocean wave energy has become a promising research direction. However, for most of the current fully enclosed TENGs or liquid–solid TENGs, the industrialization is limited. In this work, a TENG with a new working scheme is proposed for water wave energy harvesting. Through designing the opposite dynamic electric‐double‐layers, the efficient conversion of water kinetic energy into electrical energy is achieved. Moreover, the TENG structure is extended to an array. Under irregular water waves, the TENG array exhibits desired output performance, with the stable output current of 60.0 µA, output voltage of 60.0 V, and average power density of 5.38 W m−3. Finally, the TENG array is demonstrated to successfully power signal spotlights, the digital thermometer and the water quality detector. This study not only broadens the research ideas for TENGs, but also provides a new mechanism for the ocean wave energy exploitation, which is of great significance to the industrialization of TENGs and blue energy.
Comparing water quality valuation across probability and non‐probability samples
Authors: Sandstrom‐Mistry Kaitlynn , Lupi Frank , Kim Hyunjung , Herriges Joseph A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe compare water quality valuation results from a probability sample and two opt‐in non‐probability samples, MTurk and Qualtrics. The samples differ in some key demographics, but measured attitudes are strikingly similar. For valuation models, most parameters were significantly different across samples, yet many of the marginal willingness to pay were similar across samples. Notably, for non‐marginal changes there were some differences by samples: MTurk values were always significantly greater than the probability sample, as were Qualtrics values for changes up to about a 20% improvement. Overall, the evidence is mixed, with some key differences but many similarities across samples.
Synthesis of Thienyl Polycyclic Fused Indoles Based on the Indium Catalyzed Prins/Friedel‐Crafts Tandem Reaction
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Bang , Zhao Ming‐Hao , Liu Xu , Wang Lijia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn indium catalyzed Prins/Friedel‐Crafts tandem cyclization reaction has been developed. This reaction provides an efficient and practical method to construct a variety of polycyclic indole frameworks with high diastereoselectivity and good functional group tolerance (30 examples, up to 98% yield with >95 : 5 dr). The resulting products are easily accessible for further chemical transformations.
Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of 2,5‐Diketopiperazine (DKP) Frameworks
Authors: Yang Ju‐Song , Zhang Fu‐Min , Ma Ai‐Jun , Peng Jin‐Bao , Zhang Kun , Zhang Xiao‐Ming , Tu Yong‐Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis mini‐review summarizes catalytic asymmetric synthetic methodologies for preparing 2,5‐diketopiperazine (DKP) frameworks since 1990, with two types of synthetic precursor, namely linear materials and cyclic pre‐chiral substrates, discussed. This review provides guidance for the further design and development of novel catalytic asymmetric methods for preparing functionalized DKP‐containing molecules.
Defect rate prediction and failure‐cause diagnosis in a mass‐production process for precision electric components
Authors: Kaneko Hiromasa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany defects occur during the mass production of precision electrical components. To control and manage them, process variables (PVs), such as the temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid level, are measured and time‐series data analyzed. However, identification of point of defects is difficult as any operation can cause defects and multiple equipment units are used in parallel for some operations. This study considers the combination of unfavourable conditions between operations to predict the defect rate (DR) of products. A dataset measured in an actual mass‐production process for precision electrical components is analysed to predict the DR of the products. Data analysis is performed on a dataset generated from an actual mass‐production process for precision electrical components, and machine learning models. are constructed using ensemble learning methods, such as random forests, the gradient boosting decision tree, XGBoost, and LightGBM. Conventional univariate analyses only show a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.17 with a DR and process variables (PVs). In this study, we improved the correlation coefficient to 0.73 using a multivariate analysis, including the data of PVs that are not considered important in the process, and appropriately transformed PVs based on the domain knowledge of the process. Furthermore, PVs that were closely related to the DR could be diagnosed based on the feature importance of the constructed machine‐learning models. This study confirms the importance of using domain knowledge to improve the prediction ability of machine learning models and the interpretation of constructed models.
Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic polyurethane: Effect of different sponge densities, magnesium stearate loadings, harsh environmental conditions
Authors: Parsaie Aliasghar , Riazi Masoud , Abadshapoori Abdolreza Kazemi , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Mohammad , Tamsilian Yousef 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReferring to catastrophic damages of oil and organic pollution leakage to the aquatic environment, providing a high efficiency technique for the oil–water separation becomes a hot research topic during the recent decade. This study focused on effects of the sponge density and magnesium stearate loadings on the separation performance of superhydrophobic magnesium stearate coated‐polyurethane. The sponges with three densities of 8, 13, and 18 kg m−3 were coated with different magnesium stearate loadings of 5 and 10 wt% by dip‐coating method. A set of various analyzes, including field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), contact angle, absorption rate and capacity, continuous oil–water separation, were conducted in neutral, acidic, and basic conditions. FESEM results demonstrated the sponges became increasingly rough after coating with magnesium stearate. The wettability measurements revealed the sponge density had no significant impacts on the water contact angle, all samples presenting around 175° ± 2° and oil absorption rate less than 1 s. Finally, the absorption capacity of the unmodified and modified sponges for treating various oils and solvents demonstrated that the coated spongy could absorb a wide range of oils and organic solvents with capacity range of 15–75 times their weight, depending on the different densities and loadings.
Chytridiomycosis in Sri Lanka: Predicting the future of a global amphibian hotspot
Authors: de Mel Ruvinda K. , Dayananda H. G. Salindra K. , Wijayasekara G. A. Sanoj , Ranasinghe Tharindu , Sumanapala Amila P. , Cabral de Mel Surendranie Judith , Narayan Edward , Gabadage Dinesh E. , Ukuwela Kanishka D. B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), constitutes a major threat to many amphibian species worldwide. Predicting the species and regions of highest geographical risk is critical for the early detection and mitigation of chytrid emergence.
In this study, using a niche modelling approach, the most conducive habitat for Bd within Sri Lanka (a high‐risk zone) was modelled. The distribution of 69 amphibian species was then modelled and their overlap with the high‐risk zone (areaBd) was calculated.
Using areaBd and a biotic index (BI), created using ecological traits of each species, a risk index (RI) was calculated. Using this RI, a high‐risk species index (HRSI) was developed to identify the species most at risk.
The results indicate that the high elevations of Sri Lanka (>600 m a.s.l.) are highly conducive for Bd. The HRSI includes 35 species, with Minervarya greenii being the species most at risk. All species in the HRSI are globally Critically Endangered (n = 14) or Endangered (n = 21).
We propose active conservation measures such as the routine monitoring of HRSI species and other proactive measures to identify and prevent the spread of Bd. We believe our findings would promote the establishment of pre‐emptive mitigation measures both within Sri Lanka and elsewhere, to counter the threat of chytridiomycosis and to conserve amphibian species.
Multiscale feature analysis of forecast errors of 500 hPa geopotential height for the CMA‐GFS model
Authors: Sun Siyuan , Li Li , Zhao Bin , Ma Yiyi , Hu Jianglin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing ERA5 reanalysis data from March 2021 to February 2022 and the China Meteorological Administration Global Forecasting System (CMA‐GFS) operational forecast dataset of 500 hPa geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere in the same period, the multiscale features of forecast errors are analyzed. The results indicate that the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of 500 hPa geopotential height and its multiscale components in the Northern Hemisphere keep decreasing with the extension of forecast lead time, and there are no seasonal differences in the evolution of the ACC. The effective forecast skills by season for the CMA‐GFS model are above 6 days at multiscale, with the highest skills in winter and the planetary‐scale components. In space, significant seasonal differences are observed in the locations of the extreme values of multiscale forecast errors for 500 hPa geopotential height, and the spatial distribution of forecast errors reflects the inadequate prediction of the intensity of large‐scale trough and ridge systems at middle and high latitudes and the phase‐shift prediction of small troughs and ridges at middle latitudes. Generally, the forecast errors of the original field and planetary‐scale component show wavelike or banded distribution, and the synoptic‐scale forecast errors are always distributed in latitudinal wavelike patterns alternating between positive and negative, without significant differences in the distribution of land, sea, and terrain. The first empirical orthogonal function modes of multiscale forecast errors almost retain their respective feature. In temporal, the spring, summer, and autumn time series all have quasi‐biweekly positive and negative phase transitions within the monthly scale, and the significant phase transition in winter only occurs around January 1st. These results deepen the understanding of the distribution and possible causes of forecast errors of the CMA‐GFS model and provide ideas for the improvement and revision of the model.
Electro‐optical performance of the large visible adaptive optics sensor module
Authors: Hopgood Joshua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn order to achieve the best possible atmospheric corrections using its deformable mirrors, the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and its instruments will depend on several different wavefront sensor cameras as part of its adaptive optics systems. LISA, one of three wavefront sensor cameras that have been developed in‐house at ESO, will utilize a custom‐designed, large‐format CMOS detector developed by ESO and Teledyne‐e2v: the Large Visible adaptive optics Sensor Module, LVSM, an pixel sensor capable of operation at speeds in excess of 700 frames per second. We present the results of the electro‐optical characterization of this detector.
Highly Microporous Carbon from Enteromorpha for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐chalcogen (S, SeS2) Batteries
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Zhang Yan , Xu Zhao , Han Xuguang , Gou Wenshan , Sun Yifei , Ming Li Chang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐chalcogen batteries have become a rising star in the energy storage systems due to the high abundance, low cost and high theoretical specific capacity of the chalcogen cathodes (S, Se). However, there are still some challenges in its practical application, such as low utilization of active substances due to the poor conductivity of chalcogen and sizable volume changes during charging/discharging. In this work, for the first time, nitrogen‐doped highly microporous biomass‐derived carbon (HMCs‐3) was synthesized as a sulfur‐loaded cathode for aqueous zinc‐chalcogen batteries. A high specific surface area (3349.4 m2 g−1) and a wealthy micropore of HMCs‐3 provide enough space to load the active substances and allow electrolytes to access reaction sites while well alleviating the volume changes of sulfur during the cycling process. As a cathode for aqueous zinc‐chalcogen batteries, HMCs‐3@S delivers a high reversible discharge capacity (591 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), an excellent rate capability (477 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1) and good cycling stability (559 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1). The excellent performance of this biomass‐derived carbon holds great promise for practical applications in aqueous zinc‐chalcogen batteries.
The identification of a robust leucine dehydrogenase from a directed soil metagenome for efficient synthesis of L‐2‐aminobutyric acid
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhong Xuezhao , Luo Zi , Meng Xiangqi , Li Rui , Zhong Wa , Yang Lin , Wang Hualei , Wei Dongzhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractL‐2‐aminobutyric acid (L‐2‐ABA) is a chiral precursor for the synthesis of anti‐epileptic drug levetiracetam and anti‐tuberculosis drug ethambutol. Asymmetric synthesis of L‐2‐ABA by leucine dehydrogenases has been widely developed. However, the limitations of natural enzymes, such as poor stability, low catalytic efficiency, and inhibition of high‐concentration substrates, limit large‐scale applications. Herein, by directed screening of a metagenomic library from unnatural amino acid‐enriched environments, a robust leucine dehydrogenase,TvLeuDH, was identified, which exhibited high substrate tolerance and excellent enzymatic activity towards 2‐oxobutyric acid. In addition,TvLeuDH has strong affinity for NADH. Subsequently, a three‐enzyme co‐expression system containing L‐threonine deaminase,TvLeuDH, and glucose dehydrogenase was established. By optimizing reaction conditions, 1.5 M L‐threonine could be converted to L‐2‐ABA with a 99% molar conversion rate and a space‐time yield of 51.5 g·L−1·h−1. In this process, no external coenzyme was added. The robustness ofTvLeuDH allowed the reaction to be performed without the addition of extra salt as the buffer, demonstrating the simplest reaction system currently reported. These unique properties for the efficient and environmentally friendly production of chiral amino acids makeTvLeuDH a particularly promising candidate for industrial applications, which reveals the great potential of directed metagenomics for industrial biotechnology.
Visual alertness and brain diffusion tensor imaging at term age predict neurocognitive development at preschool age in extremely preterm‐born children
Authors: Aho Leena , Sairanen Viljami , Lönnberg Piia , Wolford Elina , Lano Aulikki , Metsäranta Marjo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionCognitive development is characterized by the structural and functional maturation of the brain. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides methods of investigating the brain structure and connectivity and their correlations with the neurocognitive outcome. Our aim was to examine the relationship between early visual abilities, brain white matter structures, and the later neurocognitive outcome.MethodsThis study included 20 infants who were born before 28 gestational weeks and followed until the age of 6.5 years. At term age, visual alertness was evaluated and dMRI was used to investigate the brain white matter structure using fractional anisotropy (FA) in tract‐based spatial statistics analysis. The JHU DTI white matter atlas was used to locate the findings. The neuropsychological assessment was used to assess neurocognitive performance at 6.5 years.ResultsOptimal visual alertness at term age was significantly associated with better visuospatial processing (p < .05), sensorimotor functioning (p < .05), and social perception (p < .05) at 6.5 years of age. Optimal visual alertness related to higher FA values, and further, the FA values positively correlated with the neurocognitive outcome. The tract‐based spatial differences in FA values were detected between children with optimal and nonoptimal visual alertness according to performance at 6.5 years.ConclusionWe provide neurobiological evidence for the global and tract‐based spatial differences in the white matter maturation between extremely preterm children with optimal and nonoptimal visual alertness at term age and a link between white matter maturation, visual alertness and the neurocognitive outcome at 6.5 years proposing that early visual function is a building block for the later neurocognitive development.
Maternal nicotine intoxication before pregnancy induces depressive‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors as well as cognitive deficits in male offspring and correlates with neurobiological changes
Authors: Deng Linglong , Wang Qing , Lou Ying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionMaternal nicotine use has been suggested to affect the behavior of children and is linked to changes in neurological systems; however, the specific mechanism is yet to be understood.MethodsMice were used to establish a maternal nicotine intoxication model. At postnatal day 60 (adolescent stage), male offspring were tested for behavioral tasks including sucrose preference, open field, elevated plus maze, light/dark box, object recognition, Morris water maze (MWM), and forced swimming. Enzyme‐linked immunoassays were used to measure plasma concentrations of neurotransmitters including norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and corticosterone. Serotonin transporter (Sert), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), cAMP response element binding protein (Creb), and phosphorylated (p)Creb mRNA levels were measured using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsMale offspring of nicotine‐intoxicated dams had significantly reduced sucrose preference, mobility time in the forced swimming test, and locomotor and exploratory activities. Offspring in the maternal nicotine intoxication group showed increased signs of depressive‐ and anxiety‐like behavior. Recognition memory in the MWM was compromised in these animals. The hippocampal and prefrontal cortical regions showed significant changes in Bdnf, pCreb, and Sert gene expression, whereas CREB mRNA levels were unaffected. Moreover, compared to the controls, neurogenesis and neuronal viability were also reduced in these animals.ConclusionPrenatal nicotine exposure might affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and reduce neurogenesis, potentially leading to depressive‐like behaviors and cognitive deficiencies in male offspring.
Decellularized squid mantle scaffolds as tissue‐engineered corneal stroma for promoting corneal regeneration
Authors: Kang Honghua , Han Yi , Jin Mengyi , Zheng Lan , Liu Zhen , Xue Yuhua , Liu Zuguo , Li Cheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCorneal blindness is a worldwide major cause of vision loss, and corneal transplantation remains to be the most effective way to restore the vision. However, often there is a shortage of the donor corneas for transplantation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a novel tissue‐engineered corneal substitute. The present study envisaged the development of a novel and efficient method to prepare the corneal stromal equivalent from the marine biomaterials‐squid. A chemical method was employed to decellularize the squid mantle scaffold to create a cell‐free tissue substitute using 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. Subsequently, a novel clearing method, namely clear, unobstructed brain imaging cocktails (CUBIC) method was used to transparent it. Decellularized squid mantle scaffold (DSMS) has high decellularization efficiency, is rich in essential amino acids, and maintains the regular fiber alignment. In vitro experiments showed that the soaking solution of DSMS was non‐toxic to human corneal epithelium cells. DSMS exhibited a good biocompatibility in the rat muscle by undergoing a complete degradation, and promoted the growth of the muscle. In addition, the DSMS showed a good compatibility with the corneal stroma in the rabbit inter‐corneal implantation model, and promoted the regeneration of the corneal stroma without any evident rejection. Our results indicate that the squid mantle can be a potential new type of tissue‐engineered corneal stroma material with a promising clinical application.
An overview of pim kinase as a target in multiple myeloma
Authors: Liu Zhaoyun , Zhang Yunhe , Guo Yixuan , Wang Hao , Fu Rong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second common hematologic malignancy manifesting as a clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. In recent years, high expression and activity of pim kinase have been found to be associated with both the progression and prognosis of a significant proportion of malignant diseases. Therefore, pim kinase has become a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of MM and some pim kinase inhibitors have demonstrated good efficacy in clinical trials. Based on nearly the entire literature searched from PubMed in the field of pim kinase in MM, the paper concluded how pim kinase got involved in the proliferation of myeloma cells, the progression of bone disease infiltration, and even in the regulation of the immune microenvironment. Next as a very promising drug, the effectiveness of pim kinase inhibitors as single agents or in combination with other drugs in the treatment of MM was also summarized. Our analysis will guide the clinical use of pim kinase inhibitors for managing tumor load and bone disease in MM patients.
New‐onset lung sarcoidosis, an adverse event by COVID‐19 or a sign of convalescence; a case report
Authors: Sadeghi Somayeh , Mobarakeh Shadi Reisizadeh , Momenzadeh Mahnaz , Aria Amir , Heidarpour Mitra , Ahmadi Somayeh Haji , Naderi Zohreh 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageSarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease able to affect any organ within the body. Sarcoidosis may be the body's secondary response to COVID‐19 infection and a sign of rehabilitation. Early response to the treatments reinforces this hypothesis. The majority of sarcoidosis patients require immunosuppressive therapies, including corticosteroids.AbstractMost studies so far have focused on the management of COVID‐19 in patients suffering from sarcoidosis. Nevertheless, the current report aims to present a COVID‐19‐induced sarcoidosis case. Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease with granulomas. Still, its etiology is unknown. It often affects the lungs and lymph nodes. A previously healthy 47‐year‐old female was referred with the following chief complaints: atypical chest pain, dry cough, and dyspnea on exertion within a month after COVID‐19 infection. Accordingly, a chest computed tomography revealed multiple conglomerated lymphadenopathies in the thoracic inlet, mediastinum, and hila. A core‐needle biopsy from the nodes revealed non‐necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, sarcoidal type. The sarcoidosis diagnosis was proposed and confirmed by a negative purified protein derivative (PPD) test. Accordingly, prednisolone was prescribed. All symptoms were relieved. A control lung HRCT was taken 6 months later, showing the lesions had disappeared. In conclusion, sarcoidosis may be the body's secondary response to COVID‐19 infection and a sign of disease convalescence.