bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Соғыс әлеуметтік құбылыс ретінде: философиялық дискурс
Authors: АУХАДИЕВА Ш.Д. 
Published: March 2023

Статья посвящена исследованию войны в философской и научной традиции как сложного социального явления. Автором рассматриваются социально-исторические и социокультурные аспекты войны в контексте историко-философской мысли. Автор останавливается на основных подходах античной философии к решению ключевых вопросов, связанных исследованием войны и отмечает, что именно в сочинениях Гераклита, Платона и Аристотеля закладываются основы «классической» парадигмы войны. Далее автор обращается к наследию Карла фон Клаузевица для того, чтобы определить основные особенности современных взглядов на войну как практику, строго закрепленную за государством. Завершается статья сравнительным обзором подходов к определению войны, характерных для современных войн.
Мақала күрделі әлеуметтік құбылыс ретінде философиялық және ғылыми дәстүрдегі соғысты зерттеуге арналған. Автор соғыстың әлеуметтік-тарихи және әлеуметтік-мәдени аспектілерін тарихи-философиялық ой тұрғысынан қарастырады. Автор ежелгі философияның соғысты зерттеумен байланысты негізгі мәселелерді шешудегі негізгі тәсілдеріне тоқталып, Гераклит, Платон және Аристотельдің жазбаларында соғыстың "классикалық" парадигмасының негізі қаланғанын атап өтеді. Әрі қарай, автор Карл фон Клаузевицтің мұрасына соғыстың қазіргі заманғы көзқарастарының негізгі ерекшеліктерін мемлекетке қатаң бекітілген тәжірибе ретінде анықтау үшін жүгінеді. Мақала қазіргі соғыстарға тән соғысты анықтау тәсілдеріне салыстырмалы шолумен аяқталады.
The article is devoted to the study of war in the philosophical and scientific tradition as a complex social phenomenon. The author examines the socio-historical and socio-cultural aspects of the war in the context of historical and philosophical thought. The author dwells on the main approaches of ancient philosophy to solving key issues related to the study of war and notes that it is in the writings of Heraclitus, Plato and Aristotle that the foundations of the "classical" paradigm of war are laid. Next, the author turns to the legacy of Karl von Clausewitz in order to identify the main features of modern views on war as a practice strictly assigned to the state. The article concludes with a comparative review of approaches to the definition of war, characteristic of modern wars.
Особенности юридического состава осуществления оперативно-розыскных мероприятий
Authors: СУЛАЙМБЕКОВА С.Д. , УМУРЗАКОВ Е.А. , МУРАБИЛДАЕВА М.А. 
Published: March 2023

Мақалада хабар ошарсыз кеткен адамдарды іздестіру жөніндегі міндеттерді шешу кезінде жедел-іздестіру іс-шараларын жүргізу ерекшеліктері қарастырылады. Құқық қолдану практикасында заңды іс-әрекеттің заңды құрамының нақты мазмұны жиі көтеріледі-заңдық құрамның мазмұнын анықтау үшін іс-әрекеттің қылмыстылығын болдырмайтын жағдайлар, ең алдымен, оның ішкі құрылымын анықтау қажетілігі туралы қарастырылған. Іс-әрекеттің қылмыстылығын болдырмайтын барлық мән-жайлардың құқықтық құрамдарының қылмыстық-құқықтық мәндерінің өзекті мәселелері қаралды.
В статье рассматриваются особенности проведения оперативно-розыскных мероприятий при решении задач по розыску лиц, без вести пропавших. В правоприменительной практике всё чаще поднимаются вопросы конкретного содержания юридического состава правомерного поступка – для выяснения содержания юридического состава обстоятельства, исключающего преступность деяния, необходимо, в первую очередь, выяснить его внутреннее строение. Рассматривались актуальные вопросы уголовно-правовых значений юридических составов всех обстоятельств, исключающих преступность деяния.
The article discusses the features of conducting operational search activities in solving the tasks of searching for missing persons. In law enforcement practice, questions are increasingly being raised about the specific content of the legal composition of a lawful act - in order to clarify the content of the legal composition of the circumstance excluding the criminality of the act, it is necessary, first of all, to find out its internal structure. Topical issues of the criminal-legal meanings of the legal compositions of all circumstances excluding the criminality of the act were considered.
Ideas of Russian religious philosophy in the scientific practice of the region
Authors: Usachev Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Philosophical ideas in scientific practice serve as the basis of a research position, a set of methods that implement the idea within the framework of the specialty. Philosophy is able to provide clarification of the broadest context and is reflected in the content of reasoning and conclusions. Philosophy is most widely used in the formulation of questions, the formulation of topics that make it possible to actualize the heuristic potential of humanitarian specialties, serves to include problems and ideas in the list of research tasks and goals. This is especially true of those topics that, for a number of historical reasons, were ignored and kept silent. Among these, the theme of religiosity occupies a prominent place. The main conclusion of the study is the statement that research in the field of Russian religious philosophy is the foundation of modern humanitarian work. It can be produced in a separate region of the country as a pillar of humanitarian knowledge. Scientific practice, which is expressed in the dissertation process, in the genre of a scientific report, is based on the texts of Russian philosophers who were written at the turn of the XIX - XX century. It was concluded that Russian philosophical thought forms a communicative field in scientific processes, which allows for a constructive dialogue between various subjects of the scientific process.
Value of lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor of recurrence in medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Hao Weijing , Zhao Jingzhu , Guo Fengli , Gu Pengfei , Zhang Jinming , Huang Dongmei , Ruan Xianhui , Zeng Yu , Zheng Xiangqian , Gao Ming 
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between lymph node status (the number of resected lymph nodes; the number of metastatic lymph nodes, LNM, and lymph node ratio, LNR) and biochemical recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), as well as overall survival (OS) in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Methods
This study enrolled MTC patients at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 2011 and 2019. We used Logistic regression analysis, Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier test to identify risk factors influencing biochemical recurrence, DFS, and OS.

Results
We identified 160 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria from 2011 to 2019. We used ROC analysis to define the cut-off value of LNR with 0.24. Multifocality, preoperative calcitonin levels, pathologic N stage, resected lymph nodes, LNM, LNR, and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical stage were significant (P < 0.05) prognostic factors influencing biochemical cure. In univariable analyses, gross extrathyroidal extension, preoperative calcitonin levels, pathologic T classification, pathologic N stage, resected lymph nodes, LNM, LNR, AJCC clinical stage, and biochemical cure were significant (P < 0.05) factors of DFS. When the multivariable analysis was performed, LNR was identified as predictor of DFS (HR = 4.818, 95% CI [1.270–18.276]). Univariable Cox regression models reflected that tumor size, pathologic N stage, and LNR were predictor of OS. Furthermore, multivariable analysis manifested that LNR was predictor of OS (HR = 10.061, 95% CI [1.222–82.841]).

Conclusions
This study illustrated that LNR was independent prognostic factor of DFS and OS in MTC. In addition, LNR influenced biochemical cure. Further investigations are needed to determine the optimal cut-off value for predicting prognosis.
How Do We Perceive Prices? A Three-category Taxonomy of Reference Price Effect on Consumers’ Price Judgments
Authors: Lii Yuan-shuh , Ding May-Ching , Kuo Tzu Kuan 
Published: March 2023

Aims: Price is one of the pivotal determinants when consumers make purchasing decisions. An unresolved issue in extant literature regarding factors that affect price referencing remains. The difficulty is in identifying types of price references that consumers will use in any given purchasing situation. This study hence proposed a new scheme of three-category taxonomy of reference price model and can be used as a conceptual framework for examining the effects of various reference prices on consumers’ price judgments.
Methodology: A literature review and theoretical background lead to propositions.
Conclusion: This research not only fills the literature gaps of referencing prices on consumer price judgments but also a three-category reference price model is developed. The present study goes beyond previous work in this field and a comprehensive set of reference price cues that influence consumers’ final reference price formation. This new model gives future research a direction to test and refine relationships proposed in the present study.
Response of Molybdenum and Foliar Application of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Krishna Chilakala Vamshi , Dawson Joy , Jyothika Venigandla 
Published: March 2023

During the summer of 2022, the experiment was carried out at a crop research farm for agricultural research in the department of agronomy. Three different doses of molybdenum (800, 1000, and 1200 g/ha) were applied to the soil as treatments, coupled with zinc (5 kg/ha, 1% foliar spray, 2.5 kg/ha along with 0.5% foliar spray), as well as a control. Ten treatments were used in the experiment, which was designed as an RBD and triple replicated. The highest plant height, maximum number of branches, maximum number of root nodules, plant dry weight, CGR, RGR, and yield parameters, such as more pods per plant, seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield, and stover yield, were observed after the application of 1200g molybdenum with 2.5kg of zinc and 0.5% foliar spray.
Impact of Azotobacter and Nitrogen on Growth and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Yadav Gajraj , Anshuman Kumar , Singh Ankit , Yadav Sandeep , Singh Pankaj 
Published: March 2023

Aims: To evaluate the effect of different nutrient management practices on growth, yield and yield attributes of wheat.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD).
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2016-17 at Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.)
Methodology: The experiment consisting of 10 treatments, T1 Control (N-0,P-60,K-40Kg ha-1); T2 (Azotobacter); T3 (60 kg Nitrogen ha-1); T4 (40 kg Nitrogen ha-1 + Azotobacter); T5 (80 kg Nitrogen ha-1); T6 (60 kg Nitrogen + Azotobacter ); T7 (100 kg Nitrogen ha-1); T8 (80 kg Nitrogen ha-1 + Azotobacter); T9 (120 kg Nitrogen ha-1); T10 (100 kg Nitrogen ha-1+ Azotobacter) were laid down in triplicate plots in Randomized block design (RBD).Wheat variety PBW-343 was taken as test crop.
Results: The results revealed that the application of chemical fertilizers @ 100 kg Nitrogen ha-1+ Azotobacter (T10) recorded the highest growth attributes viz. Plant height, dry matter accumulations, and yield attributes viz. number of grains per spike, weight of spike, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index.
Weather Parameter’s Impact on Population Fluctuation of Insect Pests in Sunflower
Authors: Das Rupam , Das Khanjan , Goswami Malini , Borah Birinchi Kumar 
Published: March 2023

The population trend of insect pest of sunflower was studied at North bank plain zone of river Brahmaputra, Biswanath district in the state of Assam during 2021-2022. The simple correlation study showed bright sunshine hour had a positive and significant correlation with the whitefly population relative humidity had a positive and significant correlation with the Aphis gossypii and Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida population; A. gossypii had positive and significant relation with maximum temperature and Spilosoma obliqua had negative and significant relation with relative humidity.
Dry Socket: An Infectious Process Treated by Ciprofloxacin: Case Studies
Authors: Khalil Wael 
Published: March 2023

Dry socket is considered as the most common complication following tooth extraction. The incidence of dry socket is around 3% for all routine extractions and might surpass 30% for impacted mandibular third molars. It is accompanied by a partially or totally disintegrated blood clot within the alveolar socket, with or without halitosis. Dry socket is mainly manifested by severe irradiating pain that starts 1 to 4 days after dental extraction where the socket becomes denuded, exposed and tender to touch. Based on findings following previous bacterial culture and antibiogram on alveolar swab of rebellion cases of dry socket, we proposed a new pathogenesis theory based on infectious process. Antibiogram showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. Based on this fact we proposed a new treatment that consists of prescribing ciprofloxacin to cases unresponsive to topical conventional treatment. In this paper, we present a serial of 6 cases of dry socket following simple and surgical extraction procedures which were mostly associated with previous infection. The onset of pain started after 1-4 days of extraction where it was radiating and nonresponsive to pain killers. Clinical examination revealed exposed denuded socket in all subjects. All 6 patients were ASA1 and none has allergy to ciprofloxacin where the later was prescribed at 500 mg 3 times per day for 5 days. All patients were totally relieved in 12 to 24 hours after antibiotic intake. This clinical result, in addition to previous laboratory findings, support more the infectious process in the pathogenesis of dry socket.
Association of Primary Care Visit Length With Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing
Authors: Neprash Hannah T. , Mulcahy John F. , Cross Dori A. , Gaugler Joseph E. , Golberstein Ezra , Ganguli Ishani 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceTime is a valuable resource in primary care, and physicians and patients consistently raise concerns about inadequate time during visits. However, there is little evidence on whether shorter visits translate into lower-quality care.ObjectiveTo investigate variations in primary care visit length and quantify the association between visit length and potentially inappropriate prescribing decisions by primary care physicians.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from electronic health record systems in primary care offices across the US to analyze adult primary care visits occurring in calendar year 2017. Analysis was conducted from March 2022 through January 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRegression analyses quantified the association between patient visit characteristics and visit length (measured using time stamp data) and the association between visit length and potentially inappropriate prescribing decisions, including inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infections, coprescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines for painful conditions, and prescriptions that were potentially inappropriate for older adults (based on the Beers criteria). All rates were estimated using physician fixed effects and were adjusted for patient and visit characteristics.ResultsThis study included 8 119 161 primary care visits by 4 360 445 patients (56.6% women) with 8091 primary care physicians; 7.7% of patients were Hispanic, 10.4% were non-Hispanic Black, 68.2% were non-Hispanic White, 5.5% were other race and ethnicity, and 8.3% had missing race and ethnicity. Longer visits were more complex (ie, more diagnoses recorded and/or more chronic conditions coded). After controlling for scheduled visit duration and measures of visit complexity, younger, publicly insured, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black patients had shorter visits. For each additional minute of visit length, the likelihood that a visit resulted in an inappropriate antibiotic prescription changed by −0.11 percentage points (95% CI, −0.14 to −0.09 percentage points) and the likelihood of opioid and benzodiazepine coprescribing changed by −0.01 percentage points (95% CI, −0.01 to −0.009 percentage points). Visit length had a positive association with potentially inappropriate prescribing among older adults (0.004 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.003-0.006 percentage points).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, shorter visit length was associated with a higher likelihood of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for patients with upper respiratory tract infections and coprescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines for patients with painful conditions. These findings suggest opportunities for additional research and operational improvements to visit scheduling and quality of prescribing decisions in primary care.
Effect of Financial Incentives and Default Options on Food Choices of Adults With Low Income in Online Retail Settings
Authors: Rummo Pasquale E. , Roberto Christina A. , Thorpe Lorna E. , Troxel Andrea B. , Elbel Brian 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceDespite recent growth in online redemption of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, no previous work has tested the impact of economic and behavioral economic strategies on food purchasing behaviors in an online grocery retail setting among adults with low income.ObjectiveTo examine the extent to which financial incentives and default shopping cart options influence fruit and vegetable purchases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial used an experimental online grocery store for adults who currently or have ever received SNAP benefits. From October 7 to December 2, 2021, participants were instructed to shop for a week’s worth of groceries for their household, with a budget tailored to household size; no payment was taken.InterventionsRandom assignment to 1 of 4 conditions: no intervention, 50% discount on eligible fruits and vegetables, prefilled shopping carts with tailored fruit and vegetable items (ie, default options), or a combination of the discount and default options.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the percentage of nondiscounted dollars spent on eligible fruit and vegetables per basket.ResultsOf 2744 participants, mean (SD) age was 46.7 (16.0) years, and 1447 (52.7%) identified as women. A total of 1842 participants (67.1%) reported currently receiving SNAP benefits and 1492 (54.4%) reported shopping online for groceries in the previous 12 months. Participants spent a mean (SD) 20.5% (23.5%) of total dollars on eligible fruits and vegetables. Compared with no intervention, those in the discount condition spent 4.7% (98.3% CI, 1.7%-7.7%) of more total dollars on eligible fruits and vegetables; those in the default condition, 7.8% (98.3% CI, 4.8%-10.7%) more; and those in the combination condition, 13.0% (98.3% CI, 10.0%-16.0%) more (P &amp;lt; .001 for all). There was no difference between the discount and the default conditions (P = .06), but the effect in the combination condition was significantly larger than both discount and default conditions (P &amp;lt; .001). Default shopping cart items were purchased by 679 participants (93.4%) in the default condition and 655 (95.5%) in the combination condition, whereas 297 (45.8%) in the control and 361 (52.9%) in the discount conditions purchased those items (P &amp;lt; .001). No variation was observed by age, sex, or race and ethnicity, and results were similar when those who reported never shopping online for groceries were excluded.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, financial incentives for fruits and vegetables and default options, especially in combination, led to meaningful increases in online fruit and vegetable purchases among adults with low income.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04766034
Hydrogenoanaerobacterium
Authors: Song Lei , Dong Xiuzhu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Hy.dro.gen.o.an.ae.ro.ba.te'ri.um. N. Gr. n.
hydrogenon
hydrogen; Gr. pref.
an
‐ without; Gr. n.
aer
air; Gr. neut. n.
baktron
a small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Hydrogenoanaerobacterium
an anaerobic, hydrogenogenic, rod‐shaped bacterium.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Oscillospiraceae / Hydrogenoanaerobacterium

The genus
Hydrogenoanaerobacterium
was proposed in 2009 to accommodate an obligately anaerobic bacterium that grouped with members of the family
Oscillospiraceae
affiliated with the phylum
Firmicutes
. However, the genus is differentiated from the other recognized genera of the family
Oscillospiraceae
phylogenetically and phenotypically. Cells of the genus
Hydrogenoanaerobacterium
are rods and occur singly or in pairs, and no spores are found. Although Gram‐negative staining was found for the cells throughout the whole exponential growth phase, the ultrastructure of the cell revealed an atypical Gram‐positive cell wall. The bacterium grows anaerobically, mesophilic and neutrophilically. The cellular fatty acids consist mainly of saturated and iso‐branched fatty acids, with C
14:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, C
16:0
, and iso‐C
17:1
ω9
c
being predominant. Metabolically, various mono‐, di‐, and oligo‐saccharides are fermented, and the major end products from glucose are ethanol, acetate, hydrogen gas, and carbon dioxide.
Hydrogenanoaerobacterium saccharovorans
is the only described species of the genus, which was isolated from a lab‐scale H
2
‐producing up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 41.9 ± 0.5 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Hydrogenanoaerobacterium saccharovorans
Song and Dong 2009
VP
.
Rapidithrix
Authors: Yokota Akira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Ra.pid.i.thrix. L. masc. adj.
rapidus
, rapid; Gr. fem. n.
thrix
, hair; N.L. fem. n.
Rapidithrix
, rapidly moving hair.

Bacteroidota / Flavobacteria / Flavobacteriales / Flammeovirgaceae / Rapidithrix

The genus
Rapidithrix
accommodates Gram‐stain negative, chemo‐organotrophic, strictly aerobic, gliding bacteria. Cells are unbranched, flexible filaments, 0.7 × 20–100 μm. Resting stages are not known. Require seawater for growth. The major respiratory quinone is MK‐7. The major cellular fatty acids are C
16:1
and C
15:0
. This genus belongs to the family
Flammeovirgaceae
, phylum
Bacteroidota
. Known habitat is seawater.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 40–43 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Rapidithrix thailandica
Srisukchayakul et al. 2007
VP
.