bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injuries Due to Law Enforcement Use of Force in the United States, 2006-2015: Trends in Severity and by Race
Authors: Strömmer E. M. F. , Leith Wendy , Zeegers Maurice P. , Freeman Michael D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to assess incidence and severity of hospital reported injuries related to law enforcement Use of Force (UoF) in the US over time, and by race.

Methods
Data from the National Emergency Department Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS-AIP) from US Consumer Product Safety Commission were queried to identify UoF injuries. Regression analysis, t-tests, and chi-square tests were used in the analysis.

Results
Between 2006-15, there were 529,259 emergency department admissions for UoF injury in the NEDS, and 870,779 admissions in the NEISS-AIP. In a model adjusting for year, sex, and age, the Injury Severity Score increased by 1.1% annually (p<0.0001). Black people were 6 times as likely to be admitted to the ED as White people or Native Americans/Alaska Natives, and 25 times as likely as Asians/Pacific Islanders. Black patients were 4 times as likely as White patients to be admitted as inpatients. Per arrest rate by race using FBI uniform crime reporting data, Black arrestees were 2.5-3.1 times as likely as any other race to be hospitalized for UoF injury.

Conclusion
The results of the study demonstrate that US law enforcement are injuring civilians more frequently and severely over time, and that Black people are disproportionately affected.
An international simulated-use study to assess nurses’ preferences between two lanreotide syringes for patients with neuroendocrine tumours or acromegaly (PRESTO 3)
Authors: Ferone D. , Martin W. , Williams J. , Houchard A. , Pommie C. , Ribeiro-Oliveira A. , Grossman A. B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
PRESTO 3 evaluated nurses’ preference for the Somatuline® Autogel® syringe versus the Lanreotide Pharmathen syringe after injection-pad testing.

Methods
This international simulated-use study included oncology/endocrinology nurses with ≥ 1 years’ experience in managing neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and/or acromegaly. Each nurse tested both syringes twice in a randomised order before completing an electronic survey. The primary objective was to assess overall preference (%, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the Somatuline Autogel syringe versus the Lanreotide Pharmathen syringe. Secondary objectives included rating syringe performance and ranking the importance of syringe attributes.

Results
Ninety-four nurses were enrolled: mean age, 41.0 (SD, 11.5) years. The percentage of nurses stating a preference (“strong” or “slight”) for the Somatuline Autogel syringe (86.2% [95% CI 77.5–92.4%]) was significantly higher than 50% (p < 0.0001). Performance rating was significantly higher for the Somatuline Autogel syringe versus Lanreotide Pharmathen syringe for 10 of the 11 attributes tested (p < 0.05). The syringe attributes considered most important when injecting patients in routine clinical practice were “easy to use from preparation to injection” (30.9%) and “comfortable to handle during use from preparation to injection” (16.0%). The attribute most commonly rated as least important was “fast administration from preparation to injection” (26.6%).

Conclusion
Nurses strongly preferred the user experience of the Somatuline Autogel syringe over the Lanreotide Pharmathen syringe. “Ease of use” and “comfortable to handle” were the most important syringe attributes, and performance rating was significantly higher with Somatuline Autogel versus Lanreotide Pharmathen syringe for all but one attribute.

Graphical abstract
Bayesian Analysis of Change Point Problems Using Conditionally Specified Priors
Authors: Shahtahmassebi G. , Sarabia José María 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn data analysis, change point problems correspond to abrupt changes in stochastic mechanisms generating data. The detection of change points is a relevant problem in the analysis and prediction of time series. In this paper, we consider a class of conjugate prior distributions obtained from conditional specification methodology for solving this problem. We illustrate the application of such distributions in Bayesian change point detection analysis with Poisson processes. We obtain the posterior distribution of model parameters using general bivariate distribution with gamma conditionals. Simulation from the posterior are readily implemented using a Gibbs sampling algorithm. The Gibbs sampling is implemented even when using conditional densities that are incompatible or only compatible with an improper joint density. The application of such methods will be demonstrated using examples of simulated and real data.
Primitive decomposition of Bott–Chern and Dolbeault harmonic (k, k)-forms on compact almost Kähler manifolds
Authors: Holt Tom , Piovani Riccardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider the primitive decomposition of $$\overline{\partial }, \partial $$

∂
¯

,
∂

, Bott–Chern and Aeppli-harmonic (k, k)-forms on compact almost Kähler manifolds $$(M,J,\omega )$$

(
M
,
J
,
ω
)

. For any $$D \in \{\overline{\partial }, \partial , \textrm{BC}, \textrm{A}\}$$

D
∈
{

∂
¯

,
∂
,
BC
,
A
}

, it is known that the $$L^k P^{0,0}$$

L
k

P

0
,
0

component of "Equation missing" is a constant multiple of $$\omega ^k$$

ω
k

up to real dimension 6. In this paper we generalise this result to every dimension. We also deduce information on the components $$L^{k-1} P^{1,1}$$

L

k
-
1

P

1
,
1

and $$L^{k-2} P^{2,2}$$

L

k
-
2

P

2
,
2

of the primitive decomposition. Focusing on dimension 8, we give a full description of the spaces "Equation missing" and "Equation missing", from which follows "Equation missing" and "Equation missing". We also provide an almost Kähler 8-dimensional example where the previous inclusions are strict and the primitive components of a harmonic form "Equation missing" are not D-harmonic, showing that the primitive decomposition of (k, k)-forms in general does not descend to harmonic forms.
Effect of Refresh Time on XeF2 Gas-assisted FIB Milling of GaAs
Authors: Sun Jining , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yi , Han Yunlong , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFocused ion beam (FIB) machining can be used to fabricate gallium arsenide-based devices, which have a surface finish of several nanometers, and the FIB machining speed and surface finish can be greatly improved using xenon difluoride (XeF2) gas-assisted etching. Although the refresh time is one of the most important parameters in the gas-assisted etching process, its effect on the machining quality of the surface finish has rarely been studied. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the effect of the refresh time on the etching process, including the dissociation process of XeF2, the refresh time dependency of the sputter in yield under different incident angles, and the surface finish under different refresh times. The results revealed that a selective etching mechanism occurred at different refresh times. At an incidence angle of 0°, the sputtering yield increased with the refresh time and reached its maximum value at 500 ms; at an incidence angle of 30°, the sputtering yield reached its minimum value at a refresh time of 500 ms. For surface roughness, the incident angle played a more important role than the refresh time. The surface finish was slightly better at an incidence angle of 30° than at 0°. In addition, both F and Xe elements were detected in the processed area: Xe elements were evenly distributed throughout the processing area, while F elements tended to accumulate in the whole processing area. The results suggest that the optimum surface can be obtained when a larger refresh time is employed.
Assessment of New Adaptive Finite Elements Based on Carrera Unified Formulation for Meshes with Arbitrary Polygons
Authors: Cinefra M. , Rubino A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe meshing technique represents the capability to discretize the domain of interest, to fit the real physical continuum in the best possible way. The most used approach is the finite-element method (FEM), a numerical method to solve partial differential equations. To overcome the classical issues presented by FEM, other models are investigated. The goal is to allow the problem domain to be discretized by elements represented by arbitrary polygons, which can be concave and convex. Moreover, different polynomial consistency is sought within these methods with the possibility to handle non-conforming discretizations, mainly for local refinement and so on. This work aims to present the new adaptive elements, which are finite elements based on Carrera unified formulation, to demonstrate that all the previous capabilities can be done with these new elements, with easy implementation of the relative model. First, a classical patch test is done to investigate the mesh distortion sensitivity. Then, different study cases are presented with more complex meshes combining very distorted concave and convex elements.
Energy equality of MHD system under a weaker condition on magnetic field
Authors: Eguchi Taichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove the energy equality of MHD system in the space founded by Cheskidov et al. (Nonlinearity 21:1233–1252, 2008) and Berselli and Chiodaroli (Nonlinear Anal 192:111704, 2020). It is clarified that the energy equality is established for a larger class of the magnetic field than that of velocity field. Most of the cases, we deal with the energy equality of MHD system in bounded domain. On the other hand, if the spacial integrability exponents of the weak solution are large, it is necessary to use the Besov space, which is suitable for us to handle freely derivatives of the nonlinear convection term. Only in this case we deal with the energy equality of MHD system in the whole space. Our result covers most of previous theorems on validity of the energy equality on the Navier–Stokes equations.
Comparative analysis of a private telehealth clinic and country-wide COVID-19 patient management results
Authors: Chakhunashvili Konstantine , Chakhunashvili Davit G. , Kvirkvelia Eka , Kiknadze Nino 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe first majorly destructive pandemic of the twenty-first century broke out due to the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 worldwide. Remote management was put in place to efficiently assess the patients to prevent unnecessary hospitalization and educate the infected on the red flags. This study is a retrospective case control study that will contain a retrospective include analysis of medical records of 13,174 pediatric and adult patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease and were undergoing remote management at REDMED online clinic in the period of July, 2021 and March, 2022. The retrieved data will be analyzed in specific detail and the hospitalization rate will be compared with country-wide results. The analysis helped us conclude, that there is a statistically significant difference between the country-wide hospitalization rate (16.8% by December 31, 2021 and 15.1% by July, 2022) and hospitalization rate (total mean value—1.8%) recorded at REDMED (×2 = 2123.488, df = 1, p < 0.0001 and ×2 = 1824.761, df = 1, p < 0.0001). This type of discrepancy requires further investigation. However, we have a reason to believe that direct communication with your doctor through an application might be the reason for being compliant and trusting the service provider. Well-managed and organized telemedicine is an efficient tool to manage Coronavirus or other Infectious Diseases remotely, especially when direct patient-to-doctor audiovisual communication is enabled..
DATING ANCIENT CANAL SYSTEMS USING RADIOCARBON DATING AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE AT TELLO/GIRSU, SOUTHERN MESOPOTAMIA, IRAQ
Authors: Egberts Ella , Jotheri Jaafar , Di Michele Angelo , Baxter Antony , Rey Sebastien 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTMesopotamia is often regarded the “cradle of civilization.” The development of water management practices in the region is thought to have played a key role in the emergence of these early civilizations. We present the first direct dating of a palaeo-canal system at the ancient city of Girsu, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) (occupied between 4800 and 1600 BC). We describe the use of archaeological and radiocarbon (14C) dating techniques to establish the age of this canal system. Our results show considerable differences between shell 14C dates on the one hand and charcoal 14C dates and archaeological evidence on the other. This likely reflects the impact of freshwater reservoir effects from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Although the FRE from rivers is widely acknowledged, its impact on 14C dates in Mesopotamia is rarely discussed and poorly understood. Our results provide a first indication of its variability and magnitude. With the publication of our results we aim to highlight the problem and re-initiate collaborative research efforts in improving 14C dating in this important region.
The lure of land: Peasant politics, frontier colonization and the cunning state in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kelegama Thiruni , Korf Benedikt 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the contradictions of peasant politics in Sri Lanka’s dry zone frontier in a highly militarized colonization scheme (‘System L’ of the Mahaweli Development Programme in Weli Oya in northern Sri Lanka). Through a detailed ethnographic study of the life histories of settlers who came in two waves to this scheme (1980s and post-2009), we show the workings of what we call the ‘lure of land’: first, as the (al)lure that attracts landless families to live out the mythical dream of becoming a paddy farmer; second, this lure of land is intimately tied to a nationalist territorial aspiration that transforms the settler into a patriotic colonizer of the land: due to its strategic location in the frontier zone between Sinhalese and Tamil inhabited territories, settlers became ‘home guards’ who live on and protect the frontier. But the lure of land is not without contradictions: Life in the frontier is dangerous (for the early settlers) and economically precarious (for the early and late settlers), because the state is unable to deliver the promise of land and water. Government officials deploy various tactics of repeatedly deferred promises and subtle threats to discourage settlers to abandon the colonization scheme despite the settlers’ precarious life conditions, disappointments, and frustrations. A ‘cunning state’ thereby betrays its own ‘frontiersmen’, while safeguarding its nationalist territorial agenda.
Landforms Associated With the Aspect‐Controlled Exhumation of Crater‐Filling Alluvial Strata on Mars
Authors: Cardenas Benjamin T. , Stacey Kaitlyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFluvial channel belts, the deposits accumulated in rivers surrounded by floodplain deposits, are sensitive environmental recorders. Across Mars, wind has exposed ancient channel belts via the preferential erosion of floodplain strata, creating landforms called fluvial ridges. However, river deposits observed by the Mars rover Curiosity are instead exposed along a series of steep slopes and shallow benches, and short, truncated ridges we call noses. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these exposures record channel‐belt exhumation with a preferential direction of scarp retreat (a slope‐aspect control), in contrast with models of fluvial‐ridge formation. Using a landscape evolution model sensitive to lithology and an Earth‐analog 3D‐seismic‐reflectance volume imaging fluvial stratigraphy, we generated synthetic erosional landscapes where channel‐belt exhumation created benches and noses rather than fluvial ridges, depending on the orientation of belts relative to the preferential direction of scarp retreat, which we suggest is set by winds steered along crater topography.
Nonstationary Roles of Regional Forcings in Driving Low‐Frequency Sea Level Variability Along the U.S. East Coast Since the 1950s
Authors: Zhu Yingli , Han Weiqing , Alexander Michael A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe nonstationary roles of regional forcings from alongshore wind stress and sea level pressure (SLP) in driving low‐frequency (interannual‐to‐decadal) sea level variability along the U.S. east coast for the 1959–2020 period are investigated. The role of regional forcings increases with time north of Cape Hatteras particularly during summer when their contributions to the variance of observed summertime coastal sea level anomalies increase by approximately 58%–87% from 1959–1989 to 1990–2020. The enhanced impact of regional forcings in recent decades results from an increase in the Inverted Barometer (IB) effect that act constructively with alongshore wind stress especially during summer, and to a lesser extent for the Gulf of Maine during fall. The summertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is largely responsible for the increased IB effect, owing to the stronger NAO‐associated low SLP anomalies centered around the Mid‐Atlantic Bight in recent decades compared to earlier decades.
Historical Changes and Reasons for Model Differences in Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing in CMIP6
Authors: Fiedler Stephanie , van Noije Twan , Smith Christopher J. , Boucher Olivier , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Kirkevåg Alf , Olivié Dirk , Pinto Rovina , Reerink Thomas , Sima Adriana , Schulz Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) allows estimates of effective radiative forcing (ERF) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six (CMIP6). We analyze the RFMIP output, including the new experiments from models that use the same parameterization for anthropogenic aerosols (RFMIP‐SpAer), to characterize and better understand model differences in aerosol ERF. We find little changes in the aerosol ERF for 1970–2014 in the CMIP6 multi‐model mean, which implies greenhouse gases primarily explain the positive trend in the total anthropogenic ERF. Cloud‐mediated effects dominate the present‐day aerosol ERF in most models. The results highlight a regional increase in marine cloudiness due to aerosols, despite suppressed cloud lifetime effects in that RFMIP‐SpAer experiment. Negative cloud‐mediated effects mask positive direct effects in many models, which arise from strong anthropogenic aerosol absorption. The findings suggest opportunities to better constrain simulated ERF by revisiting the optical properties and long‐range transport of aerosols.
TET2 is required to suppress mTORC1 signaling through urea cycle with therapeutic potential
Authors: He Jing , Lin Mingen , Zhang Xinchao , Zhang Ruonan , Tian Tongguan , Zhou Yuefan , Dong Wenjing , Yang Yajing , Sun Xue , Dai Yue , Xu Yue , Zhang Zhenru , Xu Ming , Lei Qun-Ying , Xu Yanping , Lv Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTumor development, involving both cell growth (mass accumulation) and cell proliferation, is a complex process governed by the interplay of multiple signaling pathways. TET2 mainly functions as a DNA dioxygenase, which modulates gene expression and biological functions via oxidation of 5mC in DNA, yet whether it plays a role in regulating cell growth remains unknown. Here we show that TET2 suppresses mTORC1 signaling, a major growth controller, to inhibit cell growth and promote autophagy. Mechanistically, TET2 functions as a 5mC “eraser” by mRNA oxidation, abolishes YBX1–HuR binding and promotes decay of urea cycle enzyme mRNAs, thus negatively regulating urea cycle and arginine production, which suppresses mTORC1 signaling. Therefore, TET2-deficient tumor cells are more sensitive to mTORC1 inhibition. Our results uncover a novel function for TET2 in suppressing mTORC1 signaling and inhibiting cell growth, linking TET2-mediated mRNA oxidation to cell metabolism and cell growth control. These findings demonstrate the potential of mTORC1 inhibition as a possible treatment for TET2-deficient tumors.
Mechanisms underlying pathological cortical bursts during metabolic depletion
Authors: Dutta Shrey , Iyer Kartik K. , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Breakspear Michael , Roberts James A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCortical activity depends upon a continuous supply of oxygen and other metabolic resources. Perinatal disruption of oxygen availability is a common clinical scenario in neonatal intensive care units, and a leading cause of lifelong disability. Pathological patterns of brain activity including burst suppression and seizures are a hallmark of the recovery period, yet the mechanisms by which these patterns arise remain poorly understood. Here, we use computational modeling of coupled metabolic-neuronal activity to explore the mechanisms by which oxygen depletion generates pathological brain activity. We find that restricting oxygen supply drives transitions from normal activity to several pathological activity patterns (isoelectric, burst suppression, and seizures), depending on the potassium supply. Trajectories through parameter space track key features of clinical electrophysiology recordings and reveal how infants with good recovery outcomes track toward normal parameter values, whereas the parameter values for infants with poor outcomes dwell around the pathological values. These findings open avenues for studying and monitoring the metabolically challenged infant brain, and deepen our understanding of the link between neuronal and metabolic activity.
Deep-learning-assisted printed liquid metal sensory system for wearable applications and boxing training
Authors: Qiu Ye , Zou Zhihui , Zou Zhanan , Setiawan Nikolas Kurnia , Dikshit Karan Vivek , Whiting Gregory , Yang Fan , Zhang Wenan , Lu Jiutian , Zhong Bingqing , Wu Huaping , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiquid metal (LM) exhibits a distinct combination of high electrical conductivity comparable to that of metals and exceptional deformability derived from its liquid state, thus it is considered a promising material for high-performance soft electronics. However, rapid patterning LM to achieve a sensory system with high sensitivity remains a challenge, mainly attributed to the poor rheological property and wettability. Here, we report a rheological modification strategy of LM and strain redistribution mechanics to simultaneously simplify the scalable manufacturing process and significantly enhance the sensitivity of LM sensors. By incorporating SiO2 particles into LM, the modulus, yield stress, and viscosity of the LM-SiO2 composite are drastically enhanced, enabling 3D printability on soft materials for stretchable electronics. The sensors based on printed LM-SiO2 composite show excellent mechanical flexibility, robustness, strain, and pressure sensing performances. Such sensors are integrated onto different locations of the human body for wearable applications. Furthermore, by integrating onto a tactile glove, the synergistic effect of strain and pressure sensing can decode the clenching posture and hitting strength in boxing training. When assisted by a deep-learning algorithm, this tactile glove can achieve recognition of the technical execution of boxing punches, such as jab, swing, uppercut, and combination punches, with 90.5% accuracy. This integrated multifunctional sensory system can find wide applications in smart sport-training, intelligent soft robotics, and human-machine interfaces.