bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of slope height and angle on the safety factor and modes of failure of 3D slopes analysis using limit equilibrium method
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Choudhary Shiva Shankar , Burman Avijit 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
It is a well-known fact that the safety of slopes majorly depends on several factors such as geometry, soil properties. The safety factor might change significantly depending on the soil type and the slope’s shape. The knowledge of the nature of the change in the safety factor due to the change in the slope’s height and angle is essential for implementing an effective strategy of increasing the safety factor for any slope stability problem. The influence of geometric shapes on the stability of the slope needs to be properly investigated through three-dimensional slope stability analysis, as the three-dimensional analysis is suitable for all slopes, even those which invalidate the plane-strain conditions.

Results
To calculate the three-dimensional safety factor, multiple analyses of three homogenous soil slopes with different soil properties were conducted by varying slope height, angle, and combinations. Each slope's height and angle were recorded to identify the types of slope failure. The analysis’s findings showed that while a decrease in height raises the safety factor nonlinearly, a decrease in slope angle increases the safety factor almost linearly. Base failure is the most likely failure for slopes with a height less than 4.0 m and an angle of inclination less than 18°. On clay and sandy clay soils, toe slide is the most common type of slope failure. The expected failure type will be either toe or face failure when the slope's height and base angle exceeds 5.0 m and 22°, respectively. This study also found that the three-dimensional safety factor for soil slope is generally 10–20% higher than the two-dimensional factor of slope safety.

Conclusions
The slope’s nature depended on the soil type and slope form, but the safety factor increased as the slope angle and height decreased. To determine the most efficient method for slope stabilization, it is necessary to do an extensive study on slope height and angle reduction techniques. It should be ensured that the sliding mass of soil does not rise, resulting in a potential slope failure. The present study will help identify the correlation between the height and base inclination of the slope with the expected nature of slope failure. The present study helps to investigate the variation of the safety factor of a three-dimensional homogenous soil slope subjected to self-weight only. The study can be further extended to observe the variation of the factor of safety for a 3D slope subjected to pore water pressure and seismic loading also.
Unilateral vocal cord palsy during COVID-19 era: a study from a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Sahai Anoushka , Marfatia Hetal , Gaikwad Ashwinikumar , Agarwal Anushka , Narkhede Kartik , Jadhav Mruganayani , Katkar Sanket 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
In otolaryngology outpatient clinics, patients frequently present with unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP). During the pandemic, various new protocols were designed to identify UVCP. An experienced otolaryngologist must conduct a thorough history-taking, examination, and investigation to determine the cause of UVCP.

Objectives
To evaluate various causes of UVCP during the pandemic.

Methods
Thirty patients with UVCP on 70-degree rigid endoscopy were studied. Detailed general and systemic examinations were done. All COVID-19 precautions were followed during the evaluation, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was done before the endoscopic procedure. High-resolution computed tomography scan of skull base to mediastinum with contrast was performed for etiology. Patients were treated according to the standard protocols. Follow-up at 1, 3, and at 6 months was performed.

Results
The mean age was 42.3 ± 14.83 years. All the patients had presented with a change in voice. Twenty percent had UVCP post a surgical procedure. No cause could be found in 16.67% of patients. Five patients had succumbed to complications relating to their other prevailing conditions. At 6 months, 10 patients continued to have palsy, 9 showed paresis, and 6 showed complete mobility of the cords.

Conclusion
During the pandemic, diagnosing and following up such patients were a challenge. Investigating a cause of UVCP, the symptoms of which might be trivial at presentation, leads to discover a much sinister cause. UVCP in post-covid mucormycosis was an entity requiring multimodality management. Pandemic-induced restrictions lead to formulations of newer protocols for tackling this entity.
Decoding anxiety–impulsivity subtypes in preadolescent internalising disorders: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study
Authors: Fan Huaxin , Liu Zhaowen , Wu Xinran , Yu Gechang , Gu Xinrui , Kuang Nanyu , Zhang Kai , Liu Yu , Jia Tianye , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W. , Schumann Gunter , Cheng Wei , Feng Jianfeng , Becker Benjamin , Zhang Jie 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundInternalising disorders are highly prevalent emotional dysregulations during preadolescence but clinical decision-making is hampered by high heterogeneity. During this period impulsivity represents a major risk factor for psychopathological trajectories and may act on this heterogeneity given the controversial anxiety–impulsivity relationships. However, how impulsivity contributes to the heterogeneous symptomatology, neurobiology, neurocognition and clinical trajectories in preadolescent internalising disorders remains unclear.AimsThe aim was to determine impulsivity-dependent subtypes in preadolescent internalising disorders that demonstrate distinct anxiety–impulsivity relationships, neurobiological, genetic, cognitive and clinical trajectory signatures.MethodWe applied a data-driven strategy to determine impulsivity-related subtypes in 2430 preadolescents with internalising disorders from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were employed to examine subtype-specific signatures of the anxiety–impulsivity relationship, brain morphology, cognition and clinical trajectory from age 10 to 12 years.ResultsWe identified two distinct subtypes of patients who internalise with comparably high anxiety yet distinguishable levels of impulsivity, i.e. enhanced (subtype 1) or decreased (subtype 2) compared with control participants. The two subtypes exhibited opposing anxiety–impulsivity relationships: higher anxiety at baseline was associated with higher lack of perseverance in subtype 1 but lower sensation seeking in subtype 2 at baseline/follow-up. Subtype 1 demonstrated thicker prefrontal and temporal cortices, and genes enriched in immune-related diseases and glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Subtype 1 exhibited cognitive deficits and a detrimental trajectory characterised by increasing emotional/behavioural dysregulations and suicide risks during follow-up.ConclusionsOur results indicate impulsivity-dependent subtypes in preadolescent internalising disorders and unify past controversies about the anxiety–impulsivity interaction. Clinically, individuals with a high-impulsivity subtype exhibit a detrimental trajectory, thus early interventions are warranted.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Abiraterone Acetate for Patients Affected by Oligometastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Trial (ARTO)
Authors: Francolini Giulio , Allegra Andrea Gaetano , Detti Beatrice , Di Cataldo Vanessa , Caini Saverio , Bruni Alessio , Ingrosso Gianluca , D'Angelillo Rolando Maria , Alitto Anna Rita , Augugliaro Matteo , Triggiani Luca , Parisi Silvana , Facchini Gaetano , Banini Marco , Simontacchi Gabriele , Desideri Isacco , Meattini Icro , Valicenti Richard K. , Livi Lorenzo ,   on behalf of the ARTO Working Group members, Marvaso Giulia , Alongi Filippo , Arcidiacono Fabio , Lancia Andrea , Genovesi Domenico , Franzese Ciro , Timon Giorgia , Greto Daniela , Loi Mauro , Valzano Marianna , Bonomo Pierluigi , Mangoni Monica , Becherini Carlotta , Tagliagambe Angiolo , Doro Raffaela , Masi Laura 
Published: September 2023

PURPOSE ARTO (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03449719 ) is a multicenter, phase II randomized clinical trial testing the benefit of adding stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AAP) in patients with oligometastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients were affected by oligometastatic CRPC as defined as three or less nonvisceral metastatic lesions. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either AAP alone (control arm) or AAP with concomitant SBRT to all the sites of disease (experimental arm). Primary end point was the rate of biochemical response (BR), defined as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decrease ≥50% from baseline measured at 6 months from treatment start. Complete BR (CBR), defined as PSA < 0.2 ng/mL at 6 months from treatment, and progression-free survival (PFS) were secondary end points. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-seven patients were enrolled between January 2019 and September 2022. BR was detected in 79.6% of patients (92% v 68.3% in the experimental v control arm, respectively), with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.34 (95% CI, 2.05 to 13.88; P = .001) in favor of the experimental arm. CBR was detected in 38.8% of patients (56% v 23.2% in the experimental v control arm, respectively), with an OR of 4.22 (95% CI, 2.12 to 8.38; P < .001). SBRT yielded a significant PFS improvement, with a hazard ratio for progression of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.57; P < .001) in the experimental versus control arm. CONCLUSION The trial reached its primary end point of biochemical control and PFS, suggesting a clinical advantage for SBRT in addition to first-line AAP treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Feasibility of Symptom Monitoring During the First Year of Endocrine Therapy for Early Breast Cancer Using Patient-Reported Outcomes Collected via Smartphone App
Authors: Smith Karen Lisa , Tsai Hua-Ling , Lim David , Wang Chenguang , Nunes Raquel , Wilkinson Mary J. , Sheng Jennifer Y. , Couzi Rima , Fetting John , Riley Carol , Wolff Antonio C. , Santa-Maria Cesar A. , Papathakis Katie , Collins-Chase Lauren , Hilton Christie , Thorner Elissa , Montanari Amanda , Ikejiani Dara , Snyder Claire , Stearns Vered 
Published: September 2023

PURPOSE Treatment-associated symptoms drive early discontinuation of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) for breast cancer. We hypothesized that symptom monitoring with electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) during adjuvant ET will enhance symptom detection, symptom management, and persistence. METHODS Eligible patients were initiating ET for stage 0-III breast cancer. Participants completed ePRO surveys via smartphone at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Measures included Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Vaginal Discomfort; plus Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events items assessing joint pain, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, concentration problems, and memory problems. Scores surpassing prespecified thresholds triggered alerts, and recommended symptom management pathways were provided to clinicians. The primary objective was to evaluate feasibility, assessed by survey completion rates, with targets of >65% for the baseline survey and ≥1 follow-up survey during the first 6 months. Secondary objectives included 12-month ET discontinuation rate (target: ≤15%), describing symptoms and evaluating pathway implementation. RESULTS Among 250 participants, 73.2% completed the baseline survey and 69.6% completed ≥1 follow-up survey during the first 6 months. Thirty-one percent of participants had ≥1 symptom alert at baseline and 74% had ≥1 symptom alert during follow-up. The proportions of participants for whom pathway-concordant symptom management was documented at each time point ranged from 12.8% to 36.6%. Twenty-eight participants (11.2%) discontinued ET by 12 months. CONCLUSION Symptom monitoring with ePROs during adjuvant ET is feasible. Despite infrequent documentation of pathway-concordant symptom management after symptom alerts, ePROs were associated with favorable short-term ET persistence.
From observer-dependent facts to frame-dependent measurement records in Wigner friend scenarios
Authors: Allam J. , Matzkin A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The description of Wigner friend scenarios —in which external agents describe a closed laboratory containing a friend making a measurement— remains problematic due to the ambiguous nature of quantum measurements. One option is to endorse assumptions leading to observer-dependent facts, given that the friend's measurement outcome is not defined from the point of view of the external observers. We introduce in this work a model in a relativistic context showing that these assumptions can also lead to measurement records that depend on the inertial reference frame in which the agents make their observations. Our model is based on an entangled pair shared by the friend and a distant agent performing space-like separated measurements. An external observer at rest relative to the closed laboratory and observers in a moving frame do not agree on the observed records, which are not Lorentz transforms of one another.
Influence of Intravenous S-Ketamine on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Morphine in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Lohela Terhi J. , Poikola Satu , Backmansson Daniel , Lapatto-Reiniluoto Outi , Backman Janne T. , Olkkola Klaus T. , Lilius Tuomas O. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Subanesthetic ketamine may reduce perioperative consumption of opioids. We studied whether intravenous S-ketamine alters the pharmacokinetics of oral morphine in healthy volunteers.

METHODS:
In this paired, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, 12 participants under a 2-hour intravenous S-ketamine (0.57 mg/kg/h) or placebo infusion received oral morphine (0.2 mg/kg) at 30 minutes. Plasma concentrations of ketamine, morphine, and their major metabolites were quantified for 24 hours. The primary end point was area under the curve (AUC)0–24 of morphine. Other pharmacokinetic variables for morphine and its metabolites were studied as secondary end points. The data were analyzed as between-phase comparisons for each participant using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests (t
max) or paired t-tests on log-transformed variables (other variables).

RESULTS:
While the AUC0–24 was similar between the 2 phases, S-ketamine reduced the AUC0–1.5 of oral morphine by 69% (ratio to control, 0.31; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.65; P = .0171) and increased its t
max from 0.5 (range, 0.50–1.5) to 1.0 hour (range, 0.50–4.0; P = .010). The AUC0–1.5 of morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) was reduced by 84% (0.16; 90% CI, 0.07–0.37; P = .0025) and maximum plasma concentration (C
max) by 43% (0.57; 90% CI, 0.40–0.81; P = .0155), while its t
max was increased from 1.5 (range, 1.0–2.0) to 4.0 (range, 1.0–8.0; P = .0094) hours by S-ketamine. Similarly, the AUC0–1.5 of morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) was reduced by 85% (0.15; 90% CI, 0.05–0.43; P = .0083), and t
max increased from 1.0 (range, 0.5–1.5) to 4.0 hours (range, 1.0–8.0; P = .0063). In addition, the M6G-to-morphine and M3G-to-morphine metabolic AUC ratios were decreased by 47% (0.53; 90% CI, 0.39–0.71; P = .0033) and 52% (0.48; 90% CI, 0.27–0.85; P = .0043) during 0 to 1.5 hours and by 15% (0.85; 90% CI, 0.78–0.92; P = .0057) and 10% (0.90; 90% CI, 0.83–0.98; P = .0468) during 0 to 24 hours, respectively. One participant was excluded from the analyses due to vomiting in the S-ketamine phase.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intravenous S-ketamine inhibited the metabolism of oral morphine and delayed its absorption, resulting in a net reduction in the exposure to morphine during the first 1.5 hours. Intravenous S-ketamine may delay the absorption and impair the efficacy of orally administered analgesics and other drugs.
Administration of Milrinone Following Tetralogy of Fallot Repair Increases Postoperative Volume Administration Without Improving Cardiac Output
Authors: Saengsin Kwannapas , Sperotto Francesca , Lu Minmin , Garcia Mancebo Julia , Sacco Elizabeth , Godsay Manasee , DiNardo James A. , Kheir John N. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are known to relieve symptoms in the setting of heart failure, although their effects in restrictive ventricular physiology have been poorly characterized. We explored the association between the use of milrinone and volume administration during the first 72 hours following surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

METHODS:
We reviewed all cases of primary surgical repair of TOF with pulmonary stenosis or atresia at Boston Children’s Hospital between 2011 and 2020. To adjust for baseline differences between patients who did and did not receive milrinone, we matched patients with similar propensity scores in a 1:1 ratio (use of milrinone versus not). We then compared the need for volume administration during the first 72 hours postoperatively, vital signs, and measures of cardiac output between the matched cohorts. Additionally, in the group of patients receiving milrinone, linear regression modeling was used to explore the relationship between total dose of milrinone and total volume administration.

RESULTS:
Among 351 included patients, 134 received perioperative milrinone. A total of 212 patients (106 per group) were matched based on anatomic and surgical risks using a propensity score. After propensity matching, compared with nonmilrinone-treated patients, milrinone-treated patients were given postoperative volume more frequently (66% vs 52%; difference 14% [95% confidence interval, CI, 1%–27%]; P = .036). Milrinone-treated patients had a slower recovery of tachycardia during the first 12 hours (difference in slope 0.30 [95% CI, 0.14–0.47] beats per minute [BPM]/h; P < .001), and the intergroup difference peaked at 12 hours postoperatively (8 [95% CI, 5–12] BPM). Milrinone administration was not associated with improved cardiac output, including arteriovenous oxyhemoglobin saturation difference. In propensity-matched patients receiving milrinone, the total volume administered during the first 72 postoperative hours was significantly associated with the cumulative dose of postoperative milrinone (r = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.01–0.38; P = .036). Based on the slope of the regression line, for every 1000 µg/kg of milrinone (equivalent to ~0.25 µg/kg/min for 72 hours) administered in the first 72 postoperative hours, an estimated 11.0 (95% CI, 0.6–21.4) mL/kg additional volume was administered.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of milrinone within the first 72 hours following TOF repair is associated with more frequent administration of volume, a positive association between a higher total dose of postoperative milrinone and the amount of postoperative volume administered, a higher heart rate, and a lower blood pressure, but is not associated with improved cardiac output.
The Spatiality of Poverty in Modern Chinese Realism
Authors: Cai Keru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEarly twentieth-century Chinese realist depictions of indoor space, such as the crowded tenement house and the penniless writer’s abode, enabled the portrayal of the physical and psychological exigencies of poverty. This set of narrative concerns arose in a period when Chinese writers were preoccupied with the alleged material and cultural poverty of China in comparison to the West. To remedy this purported backwardness, Chinese writers appropriated from foreign literatures, especially Russian realism, narrative themes and techniques such as the use of metonymy in the depiction of spatiality, the figure of the impoverished flâneur-like urban perambulator, and the very topic of poverty itself. This gave rise to innovative forms of modern Chinese narrative, tracing the spatial, material, and bodily experience of poverty in painstaking detail. In particular, I examine how Yu Dafu elaborates on literary elements from Russia in his 1924 story “Nights of Spring Fever,” which deploys the metonymic confines of impoverished, narrow spaces in order to explore wider topics of social class and transcultural encounter.
Chloroplast protein translocation pathways and ubiquitin-dependent regulation at a glance
Authors: Nellaepalli Sreedhar , Lau Anne Sophie , Jarvis R. Paul 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis and numerous metabolic and signalling processes that enable plant growth and development. Most of the ∼3000 proteins in chloroplasts are nucleus encoded and must be imported from the cytosol. Thus, the protein import machinery of the organelle (the TOC-TIC apparatus) is of fundamental importance for chloroplast biogenesis and operation. Cytosolic factors target chloroplast precursor proteins to the TOC-TIC apparatus, which drives protein import across the envelope membranes into the organelle, before various internal systems mediate downstream routing to different suborganellar compartments. The protein import system is proteolytically regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), enabling centralized control over the organellar proteome. In addition, the UPS targets a range of chloroplast proteins directly. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we present mechanistic details of these different chloroplast protein targeting and translocation events, and of the UPS systems that regulate chloroplast proteins.
Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Effect in the Ordered Smectic Phases of Chiral π-Conjugated Liquid Crystals: Improved Current-Voltage Characteristics by Efficient Fixation of Polar Structure
Authors: Seki Atsushi , Funahashi Masahiro , Aoki Ken’ichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We synthesized four liquid-crystalline (LC) compounds with extended π-conjugation, incorporating a chiral branched-alkoxy chain. These compounds displayed ferroelectric chiral smectic C (SmC*) and ordered smectic phases. The carrier transport properties in the LC phases were characterized using the time-of-flight (TOF) method. Although all four chiral phenylterthiophene derivatives exhibited nondispersive hole conduction in the SmC* phases, nondispersive transient curves in the ordered smectic phases were limited. Notably, clear nondispersive photocurrent decays were observed in the ordered smectic phase of an LC compound containing an (R)-3-octyloxy moiety as the chiral unit. This compound achieved hole mobility of 4 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the ordered phase at 114 °C. The polar structure induced by poling treatment in the ferroelectric SmC* phase of the chiral LC compound was successfully stabilized with a lower electric field than previously reported systems. We confirmed the presence of the ferroelectric bulk photovoltaic effect in the polarized structure of the chiral-ordered smectic phase. Furthermore, we observed an enhancement in the output performance for the bulk photovoltaic effect due to the efficient stabilization of the polar structure.