bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms underpinning community stability along a latitudinal gradient: Insights from a niche‐based approach
Authors: Evans Luke Christopher , Melero Yolanda , Schmucki Reto , Boersch‐Supan Philipp H. , Brotons Lluís , Fontaine Colin , Jiguet Frédéric , Kuussaari Mikko , Massimino Dario , Robinson Robert A. , Roy David B. , Schweiger Oliver , Settele Josef , Stefanescu Constanti , van Turnhout Chris A. M. , Oliver Tom Henry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAt large scales, the mechanisms underpinning stability in natural communities may vary in importance due to changes in species composition, mean abundance, and species richness. Here we link species characteristics (niche positions) and community characteristics (richness and abundance) to evaluate the importance of stability mechanisms in 156 butterfly communities monitored across three European countries and spanning five bioclimatic regions. We construct niche‐based hierarchical structural Bayesian models to explain first differences in abundance, population stability, and species richness between the countries, and then explore how these factors impact community stability both directly and indirectly (via synchrony and population stability). Species richness was partially explained by the position of a site relative to the niches of the species pool, and species near the centre of their niche had higher average population stability. The differences in mean abundance, population stability, and species richness then influenced how much variation in community stability they explained across the countries. We found, using variance partitioning, that community stability in Finnish communities was most influenced by community abundance, whereas this aspect was unimportant in Spain with species synchrony explaining most variation; the UK was somewhat intermediate with both factors explaining variation. Across all countries, the diversity–stability relationship was indirect with species richness reducing synchrony which increased community stability, with no direct effects of species richness. Our results suggest that in natural communities, biogeographical variation observed in key drivers of stability, such as population abundance and species richness, leads to community stability being limited by different factors and that this can partially be explained due to the niche characteristics of the European butterfly assemblage.
Understanding community concerns in the Goat Islands logistics hub debate as a form of environmental justice
Authors: Baptiste April Karen , McNamara Kristina , Devonish Hubert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe conflict between environmental justice and economic development is an issue central to the developing world. Using an interview analysis of community residents, this study seeks to identify whether the formally proposed trans‐shipment hub sited for the Goat Islands in Jamaica is an environmental injustice. The site, situated in the Portland Bight Protected Area, is one of Jamaica's largest fish sanctuaries and provides hundreds in the community with their livelihoods. The hub, which was promoted as an economic development project by the Jamaican government, would have allowed Jamaica to enter into the global trans‐shipment chain, subsequently reaping millions of dollars in profit. Resultant themes include issues related to environmental degradation, displacement of community members, hope for employment opportunities and investments into communities and desire for consultation. While many community residents had concerns regarding the potential location of the logistics hub, there were mixed reactions as to whether this type of development should never be allowed to take place. The study reveals the conundrum that is faced by states when it comes to promoting economic development initiatives. On the one hand, there is a desire for these forms of investment to spur economic advancement, yet on the other hand, the environmental injustices cannot be ignored. Further, the paper reveals the importance of consultation and recognition when development projects are proposed.
Economic achievement of immigrants in Japan: Examining the role of country‐of‐origin and host‐country‐specific human capital in an inflexible labor market
Authors: Nagayoshi Kikuko , Kihara Tate 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe economic integration of immigrants is a salient social issue in Japan. Although the US immigration literature has stressed the importance of host‐country‐specific human capital over country‐of‐origin human capital for immigrants, previous studies in Japan have shown mixed results about the effects of these two types of human capital on the economic integration of immigrants. The mixed results might be because previous studies focused on only specific immigrant groups (with regard to nationalities, cities, and visa status), human capital variables, and dimensions of economic achievements in the Japanese labor market. The segmented nature of the Japanese labor market structure and immigration policies create different pathways to “economic achievements” of immigrants depending on the dimension of “economic achievements” studied. By conducting a nationally representative social survey of Japanese immigrants, we examined the association between the two types of human capital (i.e., country‐of‐origin and host‐country‐specific) and the three indicators of labor market success: employment status and firm size, occupational status, and income. Our results indicate that host‐country‐specific human capital in the form of higher education and language proficiency is important for all three indicators of economic achievement in Japan, while country‐of‐origin human capital in the form of higher education and vocational skills is transferable to some extent. Our results suggest that the significance of human capital in immigrants' economic success is determined not only by the structure of the labor market but also by immigration policies.
Better job prospects or an imperative to ‘just work’? A cross‐national study on social investment and women's employment
Authors: Hong Ijin , Kang Ji Young , Lee Jieun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial investment policies advocate for more and better jobs by supporting families' work‐life balance and investing in human capital. But do they really help to boost employment prospects for women? Earlier literature suggests a positive relationship, but not enough attention has been paid to the type of employment, or to who the actual beneficiaries of these measures are. This article combines ISSP survey data with OECD and national data in a multilevel analysis to determine whether social investment policies benefit female employment, improve job prospects, and apply to all women irrespective of their educational level. We find that training and childcare policies are associated with higher employment levels, however, the claim that social investment increases chances for better job prospects finds little empirical support. These findings suggest that active labour market and childcare policies are associated with more women's employment, but they might still be following a push to ‘just work’.
Kaempferol promotes melanogenesis and reduces oxidative stress in PIG1 normal human skin melanocytes
Authors: Xie Yihui , Mei Xingyu , Shi Weimin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by depigmentation. Kaempferol is a flavonoid compound with broad anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kaempferol on melanogenesis in PIG1 normal human skin melanocytes and its response to oxidative stress. The effect of kaempferol on melanin synthesis in PIG1 normal human skin melanocytes was explored by measuring tyrosinase activity, melanin content, mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes and expression of related pathway proteins. The effects of kaempferol pretreatment on cell viability, apoptosis, ROS level and HO‐1 protein level under H2O2 stimulation were explored. When treated with kaempferol, the tyrosinase activity and melanin content of PIG1 cells increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of TYR, TRP1, TRP2 and MITF increased, and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 increased. Upon the stimulation of H2O2, kaempferol reduced the production of ROS, decreased apoptosis and increased the protein expression of HO‐1 in PIG1 cells. In addition, kaempferol inhibited oxidative stress‐induced melanin reduction and promoted melanin synthesis in PIG1 cells and protected against H2O2‐induced oxidative stress damage.
Primary and secondary plant metabolites determining the suitability of pistachio kernels for the carob moth
Authors: Baghery Fatemeh , Falahati‐pour Soudeh Khanamani , Ali Dini , Michaud J. P. , Soufbaf Mahmoud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a serious pest of fruit and nut crops worldwide that causes significant losses in Iranian pistachio orchards. In order to assess variation among cultivars is susceptibility to carob moth and biochemical correlates, the present study evaluated the suitability of kernels of 10 pistachio cultivars for E. ceratoniae development and reproductive performance under laboratory conditions: 25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH and a 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod. The primary and secondary metabolites of nuts were quantified and correlated with life history traits and various metrics of biological performance and indices of relative suitability were calculated. Nut protein content averaged 18.4 ± 0.1% and did not vary significantly among cultivars. Two cultivars yielded significantly slower larval development and lower values for relative growth rate, female longevity and fecundity, relative to all others. Suitability indices calculated from moth life history parameters varied by a factor of 4.66 across cultivars, with values <1 for the two most resistant varieties. The latter cultivars were less consumed by larvae and were lowest in carbohydrate content and efficiency of food conversion, but ranked highest in total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids. Linear regressions indicated that carbohydrate content was positively correlated with kernel suitability for larval development and adult reproduction, whereas total phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanins were all negatively correlated. The implications of these findings for integrated management of E. ceratoniae in pistachio orchards, and the possibility of improving pistachio resistance to carob moth, are discussed.
Resin composite cements: Current status and a novel classification proposal
Authors: Maravić Tatjana , Mazzitelli Claudia , Mancuso Edoardo , Del Bianco Federico , Josić Uroš , Cadenaro Milena , Breschi Lorenzo , Mazzoni Annalisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesCurrently, a classification of resin cements that includes relatively recently formulated (“universal”) cements is lacking. Furthermore, the terminology used to define different resin cements in the scientific reports is inconsistent. Accordingly, this work aims to: (i) propose a novel classification of resin composite cements; (ii) disambiguate the term “universal cements” and (iii) present an overview of the properties of these cements.MethodsAn analysis of peer‐reviewed literature (PubMed search), as well as market research on definitive resin composite cements were performed.ResultsA tendency toward simplified and versatile luting materials was observed both in the scientific literature and on the dental market with the advent of self‐adhesive/one‐step resin cements. However, additional priming procedures were necessary to improve their bonding performance in certain clinical situations. Hence, several cements that can be applied both in adhesive and self‐adhesive mode were introduced. These cements are associated with a universal adhesive resin, that can be used as a tooth and/or restorative material primer, without the need for other priming systems, regardless of the substrate. These systems should be considered truly universal. Therefore, we hereby suggested a new classification of resin‐based cements: (1) adhesive/multi‐step; (2) self‐adhesive/one‐step; (3) universal cements (one‐ or multi‐step). Despite promising in vitro results, clinical trials and long‐track laboratory studies are necessary to confirm the reliability of the universal cements.ConclusionsThis review presented the current advances in the field of resin‐based cements, which are reflected in the proposed classification. The term “universal cement” was disambiguated, which will help standardize the terminology used in published research.Clinical SignificanceThe classification of resin‐based cements and a better understanding of the proper terminology will help standardize the terminology in published research, as well as improve the understanding of the clinical practitioners of the different indications and possible modalities of use of the available cements.
Racial, ethnic and neighborhood socioeconomic differences in incidence of dementia: A regional retrospective cohort study
Authors: Becerril Alissa , Pfoh Elizabeth R. , Hashmi Ardeshir Z. , Mourany Lyla , Gunzler Douglas D. , Berg Kristen A. , Krieger Nikolas I. , Krishnan Kamini , Moore Scott Emory , Kahana Eva , Dawson Neal V. , Luezas Shamakian Lorella , Campbell James W. , Perzynski Adam T. , Dalton Jarrod E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage on dementia risk in racially and ethically diverse populations is limited. Our objective was to evaluate the relative extent to which neighborhood disadvantage accounts for racial/ethnic variation in dementia incidence rates. Secondarily, we evaluated the spatial relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and dementia risk.MethodsIn this retrospective study using electronic health records (EHR) at two regional health systems in Northeast Ohio, participants included 253,421 patients aged >60 years who had an outpatient primary care visit between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. The date of the first qualifying visit served as the study baseline. Cumulative incidence of composite dementia outcome, defined as EHR‐documented dementia diagnosis or dementia‐related death, stratified by neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (as measured by Area Deprivation Index) was determined by competing‐risk regression analysis, with non‐dementia‐related death as the competing risk. Fine‐Gray sub‐distribution hazard ratios were determined for neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, race/ethnicity, and clinical risk factors. The degree to which neighborhood socioeconomic position accounted for racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence of composite dementia outcome was evaluated via mediation analysis with Poisson rate models.ResultsIncreasing neighborhood disadvantage was associated with increased risk of EHR‐documented dementia diagnosis or dementia‐related death (most vs. least disadvantaged ADI quintile HR = 1.76, 95% confidence interval = 1.69–1.84) after adjusting for age and sex. The effect of neighborhood disadvantage on this composite dementia outcome remained after accounting for known medical risk factors of dementia. Mediation analysis indicated that neighborhood disadvantage accounted for 34% and 29% of the elevated risk for composite dementia outcome in Hispanic and Black patients compared to White patients, respectively.ConclusionNeighborhood disadvantage is related to the risk of EHR‐documented dementia diagnosis or dementia‐related death and accounts for a portion of racial/ethnic differences in dementia burden, even after adjustment for clinically important confounders.
Neurodevelopmental Effects of a Mindfulness and Kindness Curriculum on Executive Functions in Preschool Children—A Randomized, Active‐Controlled Study
Authors: Shlomov Ilana , Levit‐Binnun Nava , Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the effect of a mindfulness‐based curriculum designed especially for preschoolers on facets of executive functions. Fifty‐one preschoolers were randomly assigned to either a mindfulness and kindness curriculum (MC) or an active control dialogic reading program (DR). A battery of behavioral and neurophysiological tests was used to tap into facets of executive control (inhibition, shifting). Electroencephalography data were acquired during the attentional network task (ANT). Relative to DR, children in the MC group exhibited a reduced difference in the N200 Event related potentials (ERP) amplitudes for the congruent versus incongruent conditions during the ANT paradigm representing inhibition and shifting abilities. On the behavioral tasks, both groups improved on executive functions (EF) but on different facets; MC group showed increased inhibition and the DR group demonstrated significantly greater shifting abilities. The results highlight the sensitivity of electrophysiological data to detect subtle cognitive changes. The understanding of how mindfulness‐based interventions in preschoolers affect facets of executive functions can enable further refinement and maximization of the benefits of these interventions for this age group.
One hundred important questions facing plant science: an international perspective
Authors: Armstrong Emily May , Larson Emily R. , Harper Helen , Webb Cerian R. , Dohleman Frank , Araya Yoseph , Meade Claire , Feng Xiangyan , Mukoye Benard , Levin Maureece J. , Lacombe Benoit , Bakirbas Ahmet , Cardoso Amanda A. , Fleury Delphine , Gessler Arthur , Jaiswal Deepak , Onkokesung Nawaporn , Pathare Varsha S. , Phartyal Shyam S. , Sevanto Sanna A. , Wilson Ida , Grierson Claire S. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe ‘One Hundred Important Questions Facing Plant Science Research’ project aimed to capture a global snapshot of the current issues and future questions facing plant science. This revisiting builds on the original 2011 paper. Over 600 questions were collected from anyone interested in plants, which were reduced to a final list of 100 by four teams of global panellists. There was remarkable consensus on the most important topics between the global subpanels. We present the top 100 most important questions facing plant science in 2022, ranging from how plants can contribute to tackling climate change, to plant‐defence priming and epigenome plasticity. We also provide explanations of why each question is important. We demonstrate how focussing on climate change, community and protecting plant life has become increasingly important for plant science over the past 11 years. This revisiting illustrates the collaborative and international need for long‐term funding of plant science research, alongside the broad community‐driven efforts to actively ameliorate and halt climate change, while adapting to its consequences.
Association of abnormal p‐wave parameters with brain MRI morphology: The atherosclerosis risk in communities neurocognitive study (ARIC‐NCS)*
Authors: Reyes Jorge L. , Norby Faye L. , Ji Yuekai , Wang Wendy , Parikh Romil , Zhang Michael J. , Oldenburg Niki C. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Jack Clifford R. , Johansen Michelle , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Coresh Josef , Mosley Thomas , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Alonso Alvaro , Chen Lin Yee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence indicates that abnormal P‐wave parameters (PWPs)—ECG markers of atrial myopathy—are associated with incident dementia, independent of atrial fibrillation (AF) and clinical ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms remain unclear and may include subclinical vascular brain injury. Hence, we evaluated the association of abnormal PWPs with brain MRI correlates of vascular brain injury in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC‐NCS).MethodsARIC‐NCS participants who underwent 3T brain MRI scans in 2011–2013 were included. PWPs were measured from standard 12‐lead ECGs. Brain MRI outcomes included cortical infarcts, lacunar infarcts, cerebral microhemorrhages, brain volumes, and white matter disease (WMD) volume. We used weighted multivariable logistic and linear regression to evaluate the associations of abnormal PWPs with brain MRI outcomes.ResultsAmong 1715 participants (mean age, 76.1 years; 61% women; 29% Black), 797 (46%) had ≥1 abnormal PWP. After multivariable adjustment, including adjusting for prevalent AF, abnormal P‐wave terminal force in lead V1 (aPTFV1) and prolonged P‐wave duration (PPWD) were associated with increased odds of both cortical (OR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.74 and OR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.63, respectively) and lacunar infarcts (OR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.63 and OR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.65, respectively). Advanced interatrial block (aIAB) was associated with higher odds of subcortical microhemorrhage (OR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.36 to 3.06). Other than a significant association between aPTFV1 with lower parietal lobe volume, there were no other significant associations with brain or WMD volume.ConclusionIn this exploratory analysis of a US community‐based cohort, ECG surrogates of atrial myopathy are associated with a higher prevalence of brain infarcts and microhemorrhage, suggesting subclinical vascular brain injury as a possible mechanism underlying the association of atrial myopathy with dementia.
TreEAT trial: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of early introduction of tree nuts for the prevention of tree nut allergy in infants with peanut allergy
Authors: McWilliam Vicki L. , Koplin Jennifer J. , Allen Katie , Robinson Marnie , Smart Joanne , Loke Paxton , Peters Rachel L. , Dang Thanh , Lee Katherine J. , Dalziel Kim , Tey Dean , Taranto Mark , Perrett Kirsten P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionChildren with peanut allergy are at increased risk of developing tree nut allergies, which can be severe and for most lifelong. Introduction of peanut in the first year of life can reduce the risk of peanut allergy; however, prevention strategies for tree nut allergies have not been established. We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of a novel strategy, a supervised multi‐nut oral food challenge (OFC) compared with standard care for tree nut allergy prevention in infants at high risk of developing tree nut allergy, TreEAT.Methods and AnalysisTreEAT is a 2‐armed, open‐label, randomized, controlled trial (RCT). Infants (n = 212) aged 4–11 months with peanut allergy will be randomized 1:1 at peanut allergy diagnosis to either a hospital‐based multi‐tree nut (almond, cashew, hazelnut, and walnut) OFC using multi‐nut butter or standard care (home introduction of individual tree nuts). All infants will be assessed at age 18 months, with questionnaires and SPT to peanut and tree nuts. Peanut and tree nut OFCs will be performed as required to determine the allergy status for each nut. The primary outcome is tree nut allergy at age 18 months. Secondary outcomes include peanut allergy resolution, proportion, and severity of adverse events related to tree nut ingestion, number and frequency of tree nuts ingested, quality of life and parental anxiety, and allergy‐related healthcare visits from randomization to 18 months of age. Analyses will be performed on an intention‐to‐treat basis.Ethics and DisseminationTreEAT was approved by the Royal Children's Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (#70489). Outcomes will be presented at scientific conferences and disseminated through publication.Trial Registration NumberClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04801823.