bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using natural language processing to measure cognitive load during use-of-force decision-making training
Authors: Ta-Johnson Vivian , Suss Joel , Lande Brian 
Published: December 2022

PurposeFew studies have tested the efficacy of instruction based on cognitive load theory in police use-of-force (UoF) training due to limitations of existing cognitive load measures. Although linguistic measures of cognitive load address these limitations, they have yet to be applied to police UoF training. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned issue.Design/methodology/approachOfficers’ verbal behavioral data from two UoF de-escalation projects were used to calculate cognitive load and assess how it varied with officer experience level (less-experienced, experienced). The verbal data were further analyzed to examine specific thinking patterns that contributed to heightened cognitive load across officer experience levels.FindingsAcross both studies, responses from less-experienced officers contained greater usage of cognitive language than responses from experienced officers. Specific cognitive processes that contribute to cognitive load in specific situations were also identified.Originality/valueThis paper enables police trainers to facilitate the development of adaptive training strategies to improve police UoF training via the reduction of cognitive load, and also contributes to the collective understanding of how less-experienced and experienced officers differ in their UoF decision-making.
Interpopulation variation in leaf out phenology of Fagus crenata along topographic variation associated with the late frost regime in the Hakkoda Mountains, northern Japan
Authors: Sugimoto Saki , Ishida Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe studied local variations in temperature from winter to spring, and interpopulation variations in leaf out phenology (the day and the temperature sum for budburst and leaf expansion) of Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata) canopy trees. We focused on local topographic variation associated with the late frost regime for the canopy trees using 5–10 years of in situ observation of the temperature at 12 sites and leaf out phenology of two populations inhabiting a basin (basin populations) and 4 populations inhabiting hillside slopes (hillside slope populations) in the Hakkoda Mountains, northern Japan. The late frost regime differed between topographies; late frosts occurred during warmer periods in the basin compared to hillside slopes. The basin populations exhibited a larger temperature sum for leaf out than the hillside slope populations, regardless of altitude, suggesting that local variation in the late frost regime is an abiotic factor causing local variations in leaf out phenology. The six studied populations exhibited earlier days and smaller temperature sum of budburst in years with longer chilling duration. However, the extent of phenotypic plasticity in the temperature sum was small for the basin compared to hillside slopes. The temperature sum of leaf expansion in the hillside slope populations also negatively correlated with chilling duration, whereas that of the basin populations responded in the opposite direction. The safety margin from the last frost differed between the topographies, but not that from the last fatal frost, suggesting local adaptation to the late frost regime in each habitat.
Widespread formation of intracellular calcium carbonates by the bloom‐forming cyanobacterium Microcystis
Authors: Gaëtan Juliette , Halary Sébastien , Millet Maxime , Bernard Cécile , Duval Charlotte , Hamlaoui Sahima , Hecquet Amandine , Gugger Muriel , Marie Benjamin , Mehta Neha , Moreira David , Skouri‐Panet Fériel , Travert Cynthia , Duprat Elodie , Leloup Julie , Benzerara Karim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe formation of intracellular amorphous calcium carbonates (iACC) has been recently observed in a few cultured strains of Microcystis, a potentially toxic bloom‐forming cyanobacterium found worldwide in freshwater ecosystems. If iACC‐forming Microcystis are abundant within blooms, they may represent a significant amount of particulate Ca. Here, we investigate the significance of iACC biomineralization by Microcystis. First, the presence of iACC‐forming Microcystis cells has been detected in several eutrophic lakes, indicating that this phenomenon occurs under environmental conditions. Second, some genotypic (presence/absence of ccyA, a marker gene of iACC biomineralization) and phenotypic (presence/absence of iACC) diversity have been detected within a collection of strains isolated from one single lake. This illustrates that this trait is frequent but also variable within Microcystis even at a single locality. Finally, one‐third of publicly available genomes of Microcystis were shown to contain the ccyA gene, revealing a wide geographic and phylogenetic distribution within the genus. Overall, the present work shows that the formation of iACC by Microcystis is common under environmental conditions. While its biological function remains undetermined, this process should be further considered regarding the biology of Microcystis and implications on the Ca geochemical cycle in freshwater environments.
Is an archaeon the ancestor of eukaryotes?
Authors: Spang Anja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe origin of complex cellular life is a key puzzle in evolutionary research, which has broad implications for various neighbouring scientific disciplines. Naturally, views on this topic vary widely depending on the world view and context from which this topic is approached. In the following, I will share my perspective about our current scientific knowledge on the origin of eukaryotic cells, that is, eukaryogenesis, from a biological point of view focusing on the question as to whether an archaeon was the ancestor of eukaryotes.
Heightened motor impairment as a protective factor against heavy drinking in individuals with high alcohol‐induced disinhibition
Authors: Allen Holley C. , Weafer Jessica , Wesley Michael J. , Fillmore Mark T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral disinhibition and motor impairment are both acutely elevated following alcohol consumption, and individual differences in sensitivity to alcohol‐induced increases in these effects are associated with drinking habits. Specifically, high alcohol‐induced disinhibition and low motor impairment have been identified as separate markers for alcohol‐related problems. This study tested the degree to which alcohol‐induced disinhibition and motor impairment jointly predict heavy drinking. We hypothesized that heavier drinkers would exhibit a combination of high sensitivity to alcohol‐induced disinhibition and low sensitivity to its motor impairing effect.MethodsData from three studies were aggregated to comprise a sample of 96 young adults. Participants' motor coordination (grooved pegboard) and behavioral disinhibition (cued go/no‐go) were assessed following consumption of 0.65 g/kg alcohol and a placebo during separate sessions.ResultsAs BAC was ascending, alcohol increased motor impairment and disinhibition compared to placebo. Combined effects at this time of alcohol on motor impairment and disinhibition predicted typical drinking habits. Specifically, a combination of high sensitivity to alcohol's disinhibiting effect and low sensitivity to its motor impairing effect was associated with heavy drinking. As BAC was descending, only reduced sensitivity to motor impairment remained as a predictor of heavy drinking.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that although motor impairment following alcohol consumption is associated with certain negative outcomes (e.g., increased risk for physical injury and motor vehicle accidents), such heightened motor impairment from alcohol may actually serve as a protective factor against the excessive drinking that can accompany the disinhibiting effect of alcohol.
Dibutyryl‐cAMP and roscovitine differently affect premature meiotic resumption and embryo development of vitrified immature porcine oocytes
Authors: Nguyen Hiep Thi , Somfai Tamás , Hirao Yuji , Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Quang , Linh Nguyen Viet , Nguyen Bui Xuan , Nguyen Nhung Thi , Nguyen Hong Thi , Nguyen Van Hanh , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Takagi Mitsuhiro , Kikuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVitrification and warming can trigger premature meiosis in immature porcine oocytes. Our aim was to compare the efficacies of two meiotic inhibitors, dibutyryl‐cAMP and roscovitine for the meiosis synchronization during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. We first compared the efficacy of 1 mM dibutyryl‐cAMP and 25 μM roscovitine on meiotic arrest during the first 22 h of IVM. Dibutyryl‐cAMP could maintain the GV stage in 83.5% of oocytes; however, roscovitine was even more effective (96.6%), whereas only 17.4% of the oocytes remained at the GV stage without these additives. Temporal meiotic arrest for 22 h by roscovitine did not reduce the percentage of oocytes reaching the Metaphase II stage during subsequent IVM. However, after parthenogenetic stimulation or in vitro fertilization, subsequent embryo development to the blastocyst stage was compromised after roscovitine treatment, whereas dibutyryl‐cAMP improved the percentage of blastocyst development. In conclusion, dibutyryl‐cAMP could derogate but not completely prevent premature meiosis in vitrified oocytes, whereas roscovitine could more efficiently prevent it. However, for embryo production, the use of roscovitine was disadvantageous, whereas the use of dibutyryl‐cAMP was beneficial.
Use of NanoBiT and NanoBRET to characterise interleukin‐23 receptor dimer formation in living cells
Authors: Lay Charles S. , Kilpatrick Laura E. , Craggs Peter D. , Hill Stephen J. 
Published: December 2022

Background and PurposeInterleukin‐23 (IL‐23) and its receptor are important drug targets for the treatment of auto‐inflammatory diseases. IL‐23 binds to a receptor complex composed of two single transmembrane spanning proteins IL23R and IL12Rβ1. In this study, we aimed to gain further understanding of how ligand binding induces signalling of IL‐23 receptor complexes using the proximity‐based techniques of NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT) and Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET).Experimental ApproachTo monitor the formation of IL‐23 receptor complexes, we developed a split luciferase (NanoBiT) assay whereby heteromerisation of receptor subunits can be measured through luminescence. The affinity of NanoBiT complemented complexes for IL‐23 was measured using NanoBRET, and cytokine‐induced signal transduction was measured using a phospho‐STAT3 AlphaLISA assay.Key ResultsNanoBiT measurements demonstrated that IL‐23 receptor complexes formed to an equal degree in the presence and absence of ligand. NanoBRET measurements confirmed that these complexes bound IL‐23 with a picomolar binding affinity. Measurement of STAT3 phosphorylation demonstrated that pre‐formed IL‐23 receptor complexes induced signalling following ligand binding. It was also demonstrated that synthetic ligand‐independent signalling could be induced by high affinity (HiBit) but not low affinity (SmBit) NanoBiT crosslinking of the receptor N‐terminal domains.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results indicate that receptor complexes form prior to ligand binding and are not sufficient to induce signalling alone. Our findings indicate that IL‐23 induces a conformational change in heteromeric receptor complexes, to enable signal transduction. These observations have direct implications for drug discovery efforts to target the IL‐23 receptor.
Long‐term outcomes of anti‐thyroid drug treatment in childhood‐onset Graves' disease
Authors: Puttawong Dolrutai , Mahachoklertwattana Pat , Numthavaj Pawin , Woratanarat Patarawan , Pongratanakul Sarunyu , Koad Peeravit , Poomthavorn Preamrudee 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveOutcomes of childhood‐onset Graves' disease (GD) and suggested duration of anti‐thyroid drug (ATD) therapy have been controversial. This study aimed to determine long‐term outcomes following ATD therapy, including remission and relapse rates.Design, patients and measurementsA retrospective study of 265 paediatric patients with GD who were initially treated with ATD was conducted. Long‐term outcomes were analysed.ResultsMedian (IQR) age at diagnosis was 11.5 (9.4, 13.7) years. Duration of ATD treatment was 4.3 (2.3, 6.7) years and time since diagnosis to the enrolment was 7.1 (3.8, 10.9) years. There were 77, 93 and 95 patients who underwent definitive treatment, had ATD discontinuation, and were still being treated with ATD, respectively. The remission rate was 21% (56 out of 265 patients) and relapse rate was 40% (37 out of 93 patients). Cumulative incidence of first remission increased with the duration of ATD treatment with maximum remission rate at 5.3 years following ATD therapy. Among patients who experienced relapse, approximately 50% had disease relapse which occurred within 1 year after ATD discontinuation. Patients with goitre size of less than 3.5 cm, thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor antibody of less than 10 IU/L, no ophthalmopathy at diagnosis and methimazole dose requirement of less than 0.25 mg/kg/day at 1 year after treatment were more likely to achieve remission.ConclusionsRemission rate of childhood‐onset GD was relatively low following ATD treatment. Longer‐term ATD therapy was associated with increased remission rate. Approximately 50% of patients with relapse had disease relapse within 1 year following ATD discontinuation.
1049. SORBUS BRISTOLIENSIS: Rosaceae
Authors: Rich Tim C. G. , Houston Libby , Wray Nicholas , King Christabel , Brown Andrew P. , Fay Michael F. 
Published: December 2022

SummarySorbus bristoliensis, BRISTOL WHITEBEAM, is described and illustrated. The history of the discovery and the origin of this narrow endemic are discussed. Notes on propagation and cultivation are also included.
Linking human impacts to community processes in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
Authors: McFadden Ian R. , Sendek Agnieszka , Brosse Morgane , Bach Peter M. , Baity‐Jesi Marco , Bolliger Janine , Bollmann Kurt , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Donati Giulia , Gebert Friederike , Ghosh Shyamolina , Ho Hsi‐Cheng , Khaliq Imran , Lever J. Jelle , Logar Ivana , Moor Helen , Odermatt Daniel , Pellissier Loïc , de Queiroz Luiz Jardim , Rixen Christian , Schuwirth Nele , Shipley J. Ryan , Twining Cornelia W. , Vitasse Yann , Vorburger Christoph , Wong Mark K. L. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Seehausen Ole , Gossner Martin M. , Matthews Blake , Graham Catherine H. , Altermatt Florian , Narwani Anita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman impacts such as habitat loss, climate change and biological invasions are radically altering biodiversity, with greater effects projected into the future. Evidence suggests human impacts may differ substantially between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. We propose an integrative approach to explain these differences by linking impacts to four fundamental processes that structure communities: dispersal, speciation, species‐level selection and ecological drift. Our goal is to provide process‐based insights into why human impacts, and responses to impacts, may differ across ecosystem types using a mechanistic, eco‐evolutionary comparative framework. To enable these insights, we review and synthesise (i) how the four processes influence diversity and dynamics in terrestrial versus freshwater communities, specifically whether the relative importance of each process differs among ecosystems, and (ii) the pathways by which human impacts can produce divergent responses across ecosystems, due to differences in the strength of processes among ecosystems we identify. Finally, we highlight research gaps and next steps, and discuss how this approach can provide new insights for conservation. By focusing on the processes that shape diversity in communities, we aim to mechanistically link human impacts to ongoing and future changes in ecosystems.
Immune cells and associated molecular markers in dermal fibrosis with focus on raised cutaneous scars
Authors: Kidzeru Elvis Banboye , Lebeko Maribanyana , Sharma Jyoti Rajan , Nkengazong Lucia , Adeola Henry Ademola , Ndlovu Hlumani , P Khumalo Nonhlanhla , Bayat Ardeshir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRaised dermal scars including hypertrophic, and keloid scars as well as scalp‐associated fibrosing Folliculitis Keloidalis Nuchae (FKN) are a group of fibrotic raised dermal lesions that mostly occur following cutaneous injury. They are characterized by increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, primarily excessive collagen type 1 production by hyperproliferative fibroblasts. The extent of ECM deposition is thought to be proportional to the severity of local skin inflammation leading to excessive fibrosis of the dermis. Due to a lack of suitable study models, therapy for raised dermal scars remains ill‐defined. Immune cells and their associated markers have been strongly associated with dermal fibrosis. Therefore, modulation of the immune system and use of anti‐inflammatory cytokines are of potential interest in the management of dermal fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss the importance of immune factors in the pathogenesis of raised dermal scarring. The aim here is to provide an up‐to‐date comprehensive review of the literature, from PubMed, Scopus, and other relevant search engines in order to describe the known immunological factors associated with raised dermal scarring. The importance of immune cells including mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and relevant molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, antibodies, transcription factors, and other immune‐associated molecules as well as tissue lymphoid aggregates identified within raised dermal scars will be presented. A growing body of evidence points to a shift from proinflammatory Th1 response to regulatory/anti‐inflammatory Th2 response being associated with the development of fibrogenesis in raised dermal scarring. In summary, a better understanding of immune cells and associated molecular markers in dermal fibrosis will likely enable future development of potential immune‐modulated therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic targets in raised dermal scarring.
Evaluating the effect of atorvastatin exposure and vitamin D levels on lipid outcomes in people with HIV‐1 with suppressed HIV‐1 RNA and LDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL
Authors: Rahman Farah , Brates Irena , Aweeka Francesca , Bosch Ronald J. , Deitchman Amelia , Nixon Daniel , Aberg Judith A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV. Atorvastatin is known to reduce cardiovascular risk. We (1) compared atorvastatin concentrations between different boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) and with lipid outcomes and (2) compared pre‐atorvastatin 25‐OH vitamin D levels with atorvastatin concentrations and with lipid outcomes, in people with HIV with suppressed HIV‐1 RNA and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) <130 mg/dL.MethodsA5275 was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study of atorvastatin in virally suppressed people with HIV with fasting LDL‐C <130 mg/dL. We analyzed results over the 20 weeks of active atorvastatin treatment. Atorvastatin was initiated at 10 mg daily and increased to 20 mg daily after 4 weeks if there were no findings of toxicity. Atorvastatin trough concentrations were measured at week 20. Participants took combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included a boosted PI throughout.ResultsOverall (n = 67), 70% of participants were male, and the median age was 51 years. There was no apparent association between atorvastatin trough concentrations and pre‐atorvastatin vitamin D levels (r = 0.01, p = 0.9) or by boosted PI (p = 0.20). Median pre‐ to post‐atorvastatin change was −39.0 mg/dL in fasting total cholesterol, −40.4 ng/mL in lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (LP‐PLA2), and −13.8 U/L in oxidized LDL, with all changes negatively correlated with atorvastatin trough concentrations (r = −0.19, −0.09, −0.21; p ≥ 0.096).ConclusionsNo apparent associations between pre‐atorvastatin vitamin D levels and outcomes were observed (all p > 0.70). In virologically suppressed people with HIV, higher atorvastatin concentrations were marginally associated with greater decreases in lipid outcomes.
Diagnosis and management of basal cell carcinoma: interdisciplinary consensus statements of Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, a Department of Health Tertiary Hospital in Manila, Philippines
Authors: Ligeralde‐Bascones Karla I. , Gulmatico‐Flores Zharlah , Lim‐Bueser Hester G. , Espinoza‐Thaebtharm Agnes , Rescober‐Valencia Ma. Cricelda , Aguila Konrad P. , Anupol Elisa B. J. , Balete Solidad L. , Barcelona Marc V. , Castro Vhon C. S. , Fineza‐Dela Cruz Anna M. B. , Lansangan Patrick P. , Manrique Aldric M. B. , Olitoquit Katrina D. , Ortiz Anthony C. G. , Palisoc Erwin D. , Santos Danziel G. V. , See Melissa R. V. , Sy Austin J. F. , Sy Gerald C. , Tana Mobbydick G. , Tayag Joseph J. S. , Teo Honeylen M. T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. Multiple risk factors are associated in the development of BCC, with ultraviolet light and genetics playing major roles.AimsThe departments of dermatology, medical oncology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, plastic surgery, and radiation oncology of the Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines, have convened and formulated consensus statements on the diagnosis and management of BCC patients seen in the institution.ConclusionThe summary of the recommendations is: (1) Surgery is the treatment of choice for BCC. The range of margins (2–4 mm) depends on the type of BCC. (2) Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is indicated for high risk BCC. (3) Topical treatment with imiquimod or 5‐flourouracil (5‐FU) may be used for superficial BCC. (4) Destructive methods (cryotherapy, curettage and electrodessication, photodynamic therapy) may be used for low risk BCC. (5) Medical and/or radiation therapy is advised for cases where surgery is contraindicated or tumor is not amenable to surgery. Metastasis of this malignancy is rare. Follow‐up, which may continue up until 2 years, is recommended for high risk BCC.