bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a sexual abuse history on symptoms and anorectal physiology findings in patients presenting to a colorectal pelvic floor service
Authors: Hanna Mark , Bray Gerard , Ding Ye Chen , Srinath Havish , Warwick Andrea , Gillespie Christopher 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies report that 12%–23% of patients with functional anorectal disorders have a history of sexual abuse (SA). This article aims to assess whether there is a difference in symptom severity, quality of life or anorectal physiology findings in female patients presenting to a colorectal pelvic floor service with and without a history of sexual abuse.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all female patients attending a single tertiary pelvic floor unit for faecal incontinence or constipation between 2017 and 2019 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of a volunteered history of sexual abuse. Validated quality of life and symptom severity scores, along with anorectal physiology studies were analysed and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 148 patients included in the study period and 17% reported a history of SA. There was no statistically significant difference in symptom severity, quality of life scores or anorectal physiology studies between those with and without a history of SA.ConclusionIn female patients seeking management for defaecatory symptoms, those who have reported a history of SA did not demonstrate any significant difference in symptom severity, quality of life or physiological measures when compared to those without a history of SA.
The impact at stake: Risk and return in publicly listed social impact firms
Authors: Giacomini Emanuela , Marinelli Nicoletta , Riccetti Luca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the risk and return characteristics of impact investing in the public equity market. We use a unique hand‐collected dataset of 50 US listed firms whose product (or service) addresses at least one of the global social and environmental challenges, as defined by the United Nations Social Development Goals (SDGs). We designate such firms Impact Firms, and we compare their financial performance to a matched sample of Non‐Impact Firms in the time span 2002–2019. Our results show that Impact and Non‐Impact Firms have similar level of financial performance and both volatility and systemic risk over the entire sample period. At the same time, Impact Firms show a slightly lower negative skewness of the returns over the entire sample period, but not during crisis periods. However, compared to matched Non‐Impact Firms, Impact Firms outperform during periods of market crisis, generating a valuable dampening of downside risk.
Mandibular bone characteristics, drilling protocols, and final insertion torque for titanium‐zirconium mini‐implants for overdentures: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Leles José Luiz Rodrigues , Curado Thalita Fernandes Fleury , Silva Jésio Rodrigues , Nascimento Lays Noleto , de Paula Marcella Silva , Maniewicz Sabrina , Schimmel Martin , McKenna Gerald 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the final insertion torque values achieved using site‐specific drilling protocols for a novel mini implant system for removable complete overdentures. Anatomical and technical factors influencing final insertion torque were recorded and analyzed.Material and MethodsParticipants were randomized to two surgical protocol groups (flapped or flapless) and all received four mini implants (Straumann® mini implant system; Straumann AG) in the anterior mandible, using a 1.6 mm needle drill and a 2.2 mm pilot drill for the implant bed site preparation. The final insertion torque was recorded as the main outcome variable during surgery. Bone type, radiographical bone density, ridge form, implant length, and the drilling protocol were considered as independent variables. Descriptive statistics, generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression, and heatmap charts were used for data analyses.ResultsA total of 296 mini implants were placed in 74 patients (mean age = 64.1 ± 8.0; 64.9% female) using flapless (n = 37) or flapped (n = 37) surgeries. Mean final insertion torque was 55.8 ± 18.4 Ncm (10.5% > 35 Ncm, 48.9% between 35 and 65 Ncm, and 40.6% > 65 Ncm). The needle drill was used in only 43.9% of the implant bed sites. Higher final torque values were observed for higher bone densities (bone type I > II > III, and D1–D2 > D3–D4), highly resorbed ridge forms (5–6 > 3–4), flapped surgeries, and male patients. However, regression models showed that the likelihood of achieving optimal insertion torque (≥35 and ≤65 Ncm) was higher for females (OR = 2.14; 95%CI = 1.14–4.01; p = 0.018), ridge forms 3–4 (OR = 2.87; 95%CI = 1.05–7.85; p = 0.040), and flapless surgeries (OR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.09–3.51; p = 0.024).ConclusionsSufficient primary stability for immediate loading was achieved for the majority of the mini implants placed. Surgical implant bed preparation should be site‐specific to achieve optimal primary stability for immediate loading while avoiding excessive insertion torque.
Shifting norms, multiplying actors, turbulent times: An emerging landscape of international development co‐operation
Authors: Taylor Peter , Macdonald Keir , Huckstep Sam , Sun Yu 
Published: January 2023

SummaryMotivationUniversal challenges require collective responsibility for identifying future pathways and solutions, unprecedented levels of global co‐operation and a clear set of principles and norms to shape needed actions and responses. In a changing landscape of actors, the norms that have previously evolved and served the interests of one particular group of actors may no longer be fit for purpose.PurposeThe article explores questions about how and why different societal actors and stakeholders are shaping and informing development co‐operation norms, and whether newer members of a growing community of development aid providers will want to sit at an existing table, or go their own way, individually or with other collectives.Methods and approachThe article responds to these questions by drawing on existing literature, and offering an analysis of past, present, and possible future directions for the emergence of international development norms and supernorms. Building on this analysis, it casts forward, to examine the role of new actors and the emergence of new norms, paying particular attention to South–South development co‐operation.FindingsThe article proposes a series of challenges and choices which may determine future pathways for current and emerging international development norms. It concludes that emerging donors can challenge or co‐operate with existing norms, while traditional donors must decide how to react to the emergence of other development actors: to contest, or to co‐ordinate and co‐operate through the emergence of new norms which are created and agreed to by both old and new actors.Policy implicationsFuture processes of negotiation will require dedicated policy spaces in which global actors can negotiate and contest new norms in a shared quest to secure their position in the complex, ever‐shifting landscape of international co‐operation arrangements.
Performance and population prediction of Opisina arenosella on four species of palm plants
Authors: Yan Sanqiang , Lin Nanfang , Xiang Kaiping , Kuang Fuping , Lyu Baoqian , Lu Hui , Tang Jihong , Zhang Qikai , Qiu Haiyan , Tang Xue , Liu Zhuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOpisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) is a major pest of coconut, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae), but also of other palm plant species. Information on its life history on hosts other than coconut is missing. Age‐stage two‐sex life tables and a population prediction model were used to assess the development, survival, reproduction, and population growth potential of O. arenosella populations bred from four palm plants: C. nucifera, Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Mart., Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook, and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. The results revealed that O. arenosella could complete a generation on all four hosts. Still, they showed relatively high fitness on L. chinensis, second to that on C. nucifera, with the shortest generation time (egg to pupa, 71.1 days), higher stage survival (egg: 0.89; larva: 0.74; pupa: 0.56), fecundity (176.3 eggs), and population growth potential. On L. chinensis, net reproductive rate, R0, was 35.1, gross reproduction rate, GRR = 88.8, intrinsic rate of increase, r = 0.049 per day, finite rate of increase, λ = 1.050 per day, mean generation time, T = 72.1 days, and doubling time, DT = 14.1 days. Based on 10 eggs, the population prediction model showed that larval populations on L. chinensis could develop to the third generation in 180 days and reached the peak value (9870.2 larvae) on day 158. Besides coconut, all three palm plant species can support O. arenosella to complete the life cycle. The outcomes of this research may be beneficial in formulating pest management strategies for palm crops.
Characterization of striatal dopamine projections across striatal subregions in behavioral flexibility
Authors: van der Merwe Rochelle K. , Nadel Jacob A. , Copes‐Finke Della , Pawelko Sean , Scott Jesse S. , Ghanem Marwan , Fox M. , Morehouse Caroline , McLaughlin Robert , Maddox Charlie , Albert‐Lyons Ruth , Malaki Golara , Groce Virginia , Turocy Alaina , Aggadi Nada , Jin Xin , Howard Christopher D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBehavioural flexibility is key to survival in a dynamic environmentWhile flexible, goal‐directed behaviours are initially dependent on dorsomedial striatum, they become dependent on lateral striatum as behaviours become inflexible. Similarly, lesions of dopamine terminals in lateral striatum disrupt the development of inflexible habits. This work suggests that dopamine release in lateral striatum may drive inflexible behaviours, though few studies have investigated a causative role of subpopulations of striatal dopamine terminals in reversal learning, a measure of flexibility. Here, we performed two optogenetic experiments to activate dopamine terminals in dorsomedial (DMS), dorsolateral (DLS) or ventral (nucleus accumbens [NAc]) striatum in DAT‐Cre mice that expressed channelrhodopsin‐2 via viral injection (Experiment I) or through transgenic breeding with an Ai32 reporter line (Experiment II) to determine how specific dopamine subpopulations impact reversal learning. Mice performed a reversal task in which they self‐stimulated DMS, DLS, or NAc dopamine terminals by pressing one of two levers before action‐outcome lever contingencies were reversed. Largely consistent with presumed ventromedial/lateral striatal function, we found that mice self‐stimulating medial dopamine terminals reversed lever preference following contingency reversal, while mice self‐stimulating NAc showed parial flexibility, and DLS self‐stimulation resulted in impaired reversal. Impairments in DLS mice were characterized by more regressive errors and reliance on lose‐stay strategies following reversal, as well as reduced within‐session learning, suggesting reward insensitivity and overreliance on previously learned actions. This study supports a model of striatal function in which DMS and ventral dopamine facilitate goal‐directed responding, and DLS dopamine supports more inflexible responding.
The importance of stories in wildlife management
Authors: Goyes David R. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryStorytelling shapes how we understand the world and act in it, including our interactions with nature. For instance, the oral stories Indigenous peoples around the world transmit from generation to generation about the sacred bond between humans and non‐humans in the world establish a respectful relationship with ecosystems. However, we have yet to fully understand how stories shape conservation and restoration practices beyond Indigenous communities. In this article, I demonstrate the function of stories in impeding conservation and restoration as well as their potential in advancing conservation and restoration. I interviewed central stakeholders in Norway's wildlife management—activists, civil servants and parliamentarians—and interpreted their stories using narrative theory to analyse how their stories affected what they did in terms of wildlife management. Each cluster of stakeholders relies on different story sources for their work: activists invoke moral stories, civil servants convey scientific accounts and parliamentarians narrate episodes of power. By relying on these diverse sources of stories, I show that the three groups of stakeholders see the world as it relates to conservation and restoration differently from each other, diverge in their actions, and as a result fail to cooperate in wildlife management. The stories that stakeholders tell are telling. The policymaking implications of understanding the power of stories are significant: efficient conservation and restoration programmes require cooperation, but diverging narratives weaken the likelihood of this cooperation. Furthermore, while most governments around the world use international environmental treaties as the narrative source to guide their efforts in preventing the decimation of nature, none of the stakeholders in wildlife management I interviewed relied on this source in their storytelling. While my interviewees are Norwegian, my findings forefront the worldwide importance of stories in conservation and restoration practices.
Clinical profiles and ethnic heterogeneity of sporadic fatal insomnia
Authors: Chen Zhongyun , Chu Min , Zhang Jing , Kong Yu , Xie Kexin , Cui Yue , Ye Hong , Liu Li , Li Junjie , Wang Lin , Wu Liyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical profile of sporadic fatal insomnia (sFI), assess the similarities and differences between sFI and fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and evaluate the influence of ethnicity on the phenotype of sFI patients.MethodsThe data of sFI and FFI patients were retrieved from our case series and through literature review. The clinical and diagnostic features of sFI and FFI were compared, as were the phenotypes of Asian and Caucasian sFI patients.ResultsWe identified 44 sFI and 157 FFI cases. The prevalence of sleep‐related, neuropsychiatric, and autonomic symptoms among the sFI patients were 65.9%, 100.0%, and 43.2%, respectively. Compared to FFI, sFI exhibited longer disease duration and a higher proportion of neuropsychiatric symptoms, whereas FFI was characterized by a higher incidence of sleep‐related and autonomic symptoms in the early stages of the disease or throughout its course. In addition, a higher proportion of the sFI patients showed hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and periodic sharp wave complexes on electroencephalography compared to the FFI patients, especially those presenting with pathological changes associated with MM2‐cortical type sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. The Asian sFI patients had a higher proportion of males and positivity for cerebrospinal fluid 14‐3‐3 protein, and fewer sleep‐related symptoms compared to Caucasian sFI patients. The age at onset and duration of sFI differed between ethnic groups, but the difference failed to reach statistical significance.ConclusionsDespite its similarities to FFI, sFI is characterized by longer disease duration, higher proportion of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and hyperintensity on MRI, along with differences in the clinical characteristics based on ethnicity.
The genomic and bioclimatic characterization of Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) unveils challenges and opportunities to adapt to a changing climate
Authors: Caproni Leonardo , Lakew Basazen Fantahun , Kassaw Seyoum Asefie , Miculan Mara , Ahmed Jemal Seid , Grazioli Simona , Kidane Yosef Gebrehawaryat , Fadda Carlo , Pè Mario Enrico , Dell'Acqua Matteo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe climate crisis is impacting agroecosystems and threatening food security of millions of smallholder farmers. Understanding the potential for current and future climatic adaptation of local crop agrobiodiversity may guide breeding efforts and support resilience of agriculture. Here, we combine a genomic and climatic characterization of a large collection of traditional barley varieties from Ethiopia, a staple for local smallholder farmers cropping in challenging environments. We find that the genomic diversity of barley landraces can be partially traced back to geographic and environmental diversity of the landscape. We employ a machine learning approach to model Ethiopian barley adaptation to current climate and to identify areas where its existing diversity may not be well adapted in future climate scenarios. We use this information to identify optimal trajectories of assisted migration compensating to detrimental effects of climate change, finding that Ethiopian barley diversity bears opportunities for adaptation to the climate crisis. We then characterize phenology traits in the collection in two common garden experiments in Ethiopia, using genome‐wide association approaches to identify genomic loci associated with timing of flowering and maturity of the spike. We combine this information with genotype–environment associations finding that loci involved in flowering time may also explain environmental adaptation. Our data show that integrated genomic, climatic, and phenotypic characterizations of agrobiodiversity may provide breeding with actionable information to improve local adaptation in smallholder farming systems.
Global warming intensity of biofuel derived from switchgrass grown on marginal land in Michigan
Authors: Kim Seungdo , Dale Bruce E. , Martinez‐Feria Rafael , Basso Bruno , Thelen Kurt , Maravelias Christos T. , Landis Douglas , Lark Tyler J. , Robertson G. Philip 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnergy crops for biofuel production, especially switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), are of interest from a climate change perspective. Here, we use outputs from a crop growth model and life cycle assessment (LCA) to examine the global warming intensity (GWI; g CO2 MJ−1) and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential (Mg CO2 year−1) of biofuel systems based on a spatially explicit analysis of switchgrass grown on marginal land (abandoned former cropland) in Michigan, USA. We find that marginal lands in Michigan can annually produce over 0.57 hm3 of liquid biofuel derived from nitrogen‐fertilized switchgrass, mitigating 1.2–1.5 Tg of CO2 year−1. About 96% of these biofuels can meet the Renewable Fuel Standard (60% reduction in lifecycle GHG emissions compared with conventional gasoline; GWI ≤37.2 g CO2 MJ−1). Furthermore, 73%–75% of these biofuels are carbon‐negative (GWI less than zero) due to enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, simulations indicate that SOC levels would fail to increase and even decrease on the 11% of lands where SOC stocks >>200 Mg C ha−1, leading to carbon intensities greater than gasoline. Results highlight the strong climate mitigation potential of switchgrass grown on marginal lands as well as the needs to avoid carbon rich soils such as histosols and wetlands and to ensure that productivity will be sufficient to provide net mitigation.
Supplying lead firms, intangible assets and power in global value chains: Explaining governance in the fertilizer chain
Authors: Tups Gideon , Dannenberg Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobal suppliers of agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and agrochemicals exert increasing degrees of power in global value chains (GVCs). Although the GVC literature has explained how global buyers govern GVCs from the buying‐end, the question of how global suppliers achieve governance from the supplying‐end remains underexplored. We address this gap by combining a multidimensional typology of power with literature on intangible assets. We argue that intangible assets are crucial resources for global suppliers to morph otherwise ungovernable supply chains for undifferentiated input commodities into more sophisticated and governable GVCs. We illustrate our argument with the case of the global fertilizer supplier, YARA International. YARA's intangible asset investments were instrumental in governing the value chain integration of Tanzanian smallholder farmers. They allowed YARA to exert more than bargaining power (demonstrative, institutional and constitutive power) and to effectively position itself as supplying lead firm in Tanzania's agro‐industrial GVC.
Phenolic profiles of non‐industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed varieties collected from four different Moroccan regions
Authors: Benkirane Chaymae , Mansouri Farid , Ben Moumen Abdessamad , Taaifi Yassine , Melhaoui Reda , Caid Hana Serghini , Fauconnier Marie‐Laure , Elamrani Ahmed , Abid Malika 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis study aims to characterise the seeds of two varieties (Beldia and Critical) of hemp grown in four geographical areas of northern Morocco regarding their phenolic compounds and antioxidant power. Thirty‐three phenolic compounds were identified using the HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐MS2 technique. The phenolic profiles of hemp seeds of all varieties from all regions were characterised by their richness in N‐trans‐caffeoyltyramine (390.22–721.41 μg g−1), cannabisin A (217.96–393.37 μg CTE g−1) and cannabisin B (195.25–331.28 μg CTE g−1). The antioxidant activities (expressed as IC50 and EC50 values) were 1.83–4.14, 1.64–4.37, 2.45–6.02, 2.65–9.29 and 1.75–4.37 mg mL−1 of extract for the TAC, DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and FRAP tests respectively. A two‐way analysis of variance showed that phenolic compounds' content was mainly related to the geographical location and its interaction with the genotype factor. Multivariate analysis showed that hemp seeds from the Jebha and Galaz regions were characterised by a high level of phenolic compounds and a potent antioxidant activity compared to Tamorot and Ratba regions. This characterisation constitutes an interesting database for breeders to create new varieties that meet fluctuating expectations of the cannabis industry.
Role of inulin in dough and bread during freezing storage
Authors: Yang Heng , Wang Yangyang , Li Qian , Shuang Yuan , Song Jinsong , Pan Xiuyun , Ding Wenping , Ding Beibei , Wang Xuedong 
Published: January 2023

SummaryEffects of inulin on yeast in frozen dough and bread prepared from the frozen dough were examined in this study. The number of hydrogen bonds increased accordingly and both short‐chain and long‐chain inulin in the dough could combine with more water and reduce water migration. And both these inulin types improved the survival rate and fermentability of yeast. Inulin addition to dough frozen for 4 weeks increased yeast survival by 32–36.6% compared with doughs lacking inulin. The fermentation ability in doughs stored with short‐chain inulin was greater than those stored with long‐chain inulin although these compounds significantly increased the specific volume, improved the slice structure and reduced bread hardness. The quality improvement using short‐chain inulin was significantly better than that of long‐chain inulin. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the addition of inulin could effectively reduce the damage to yeast cells and improve the quality of frozen dough and bread.