bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIM1‐dependent high basal salicylic acid accumulation modulates stomatal aperture in rice
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhao Hongyu , Wang Junbin , Wang Xuming , Jia Xianqing , Wang Long , Xu Zhuang , Li Ruili , Jiang Kun , Chen Zhixiang , Luo Jie , Xie Xiaodong , Yi Keke 
Published: February 2023

Summary

The basal levels of salicylic acid (SA) vary dramatically among plant species. In the shoot, for example, rice contains almost 100 times higher SA levels than Arabidopsis. Despite its high basal levels, neither the biosynthetic pathway nor the biological functions of SA are well understood in rice.

Combining with metabolite analysis, physiological, and genetic approaches, we found that the synthesis of basal SA in rice shoot is dependent on OsAIM1, which encodes a beta‐oxidation enzyme in the phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) pathway.

Compromised SA accumulation in the Osaim1 mutant led to a lower shoot temperature than wild‐type plants. However, this shoot temperature defect resulted from increased transpiration due to elevated steady‐state stomatal aperture in the mutant. Furthermore, the high basal SA level is required for sustained expression of OsWRKY45 to modulate the steady‐state stomatal aperture and shoot temperature in rice.

Taken together, these results provide the direct genetic evidence for the critical role of the PAL pathway in the biosynthesis of high basal level SA in rice, which plays an important role in the regulation of steady‐state stomatal aperture to promote fitness under stress conditions.
Promoting moral imagination in nursing education: Imagining and performing
Authors: Jantzen Darlaine , Newton Lorelei , Dompierre Kerry‐Ann , Sturgill Sean 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMoral imagination is a central component of moral agency and person‐centred care. Becoming moral agents who can sustain attention on patients and their families through their illness and suffering involves imagining the other, what moral possibilities are available, what choices to make, and how one wants to be. This relationship between moral agency, moral imagination, and personhood can be effaced by a focus on task‐driven technical rationality within the multifaceted challenges of contemporary healthcare. Similarly, facilitating students' moral agency can also be obscured by the task‐driven technical rationality of teaching. The development of moral agency requires deliberate attention across the trajectory of nursing education. To prepare nursing students for one practice challenge, workplace violence, we developed a multimodal education intervention which included a simulated learning experience (SLE). To enhance the realism and consistency of the educational experience, 11 nursing students were trained as simulated participants (SP). As part of a larger study to examine knowledge acquisition and practice confidence of learners who completed the SLE, we explored the experience of being the SP through interviews and a focus group with the SP students. The SP described how their multiple performances contributed to imagining the situation ‘on both sides’ prompting empathy, a reconsideration of their moral agency, and the potential to prevent violence in the workplace beyond technical rational techniques, such as verbal de‐escalation scripts. The empirical findings from the SP prompted a philosophical exploration into moral imagination. We summarise the multimodal educational intervention and relevant findings, and then, using Johnson's conception of moral imagination and relevant nursing literature, we discuss the significance of the SP embodied experiences and their professional formation. We suggest that SLEs offer a unique avenue to create pedagogical spaces which promote moral imagination, thereby teaching for moral agency and person‐centred care.
Stability of National‐Identity Content: Level, Predictors, and Implications
Authors: Mader Matthias , Schoen Harald 
Published: February 2023

A neglected topic in empirical research on national identity is its stability at the individual level, and this is especially true for its content, that is, the meaning elements that people associate with the concept of nation. In this article, we study the stability of key dimensions of national‐identity content. We ask three simple questions: How stable is national‐identity content—as captured in the ethnic/civic framework—at the level of individual citizens? Are there clear differences in stability across subgroups? What are the implications of interindividual differences in stability? Analyzing data from four waves of a large‐scale panel survey of German citizens (N = 4,654) collected over a five‐year period (2016–21), we show that there is high but not perfect stability of the degree to which individuals subscribe to ethnic and civic criteria of nationhood. Second, we find little difference in stability as a function of several theoretically selected characteristics. Third, we show that the association between national‐identity content and relevant political attitudes (immigration attitudes and far‐right party support) increases with intraindividual stability. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how national‐identity content is shaped and mobilized and how it can influence political attitudes and behaviors.
Strong versus weak embodiment: Spatial iconicity in physical, abstract, and social semantic categories
Authors: León José A. , Martínez‐Huertas José Ángel , Moreno José David , Martín Lorena A. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPerceptual and action systems seem to be related to complex cognitive processes, but the scope of grounded or embodied cognition has been questioned. Zwaan and Yaxley (2003) proposed that cognitive processes of making semantic relatedness judgments can be facilitated when word pairs are presented in ways that their referents maintain their iconic configuration rather than their reverse‐iconic configuration (the spatial iconicity effect). This effect has been observed in different semantic categories using specific experiments, but it is known that embodiment is highly dependent on task demands.MethodThe present study analyzed the spatial iconicity effect in three semantic categories (physical, abstract, and social) using the same experimental criteria to determine the scope of embodied cognition. In this reaction‐time experiment, 75 participants judged the semantic relatedness of 384 word pairs whose experimental items were presented in their iconic or reverse‐iconic configurations.ResultsTwo mixed‐effects models with crossed random effects revealed that the interaction between word meaning and spatial position was present only for physical concepts but neither for abstract nor social concepts.ConclusionsWithin the framework of strong and weak embodiment theories, the data support weak embodiment theory as the most explicative one.
N‐BAR and F‐BAR proteins—endophilin‐A3 and PSTPIP1—control clathrin‐independent endocytosis of L1CAM
Authors: Lemaigre Camille , Ceuppens Apolline , Valades‐Cruz Cesar Augusto , Ledoux Benjamin , Vanbeneden Bastien , Hassan Mujtaba , Zetterberg Fredrik R. , Nilsson Ulf J. , Johannes Ludger , Wunder Christian , Renard Henri‐François , Morsomme Pierre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent advances in the field demonstrate the high diversity and complexity of endocytic pathways. In the current study, we focus on the endocytosis of L1CAM. This glycoprotein plays a major role in the development of the nervous system, and is involved in cancer development and is associated with metastases and poor prognosis. Two L1CAM isoforms are subject to endocytosis: isoform 1, described as a clathrin‐mediated cargo; isoform 2, whose endocytosis has never been studied. Deciphering the molecular machinery of isoform 2 internalisation should contribute to a better understanding of its pathophysiological role. First, we demonstrated in our cellular context that both isoforms of L1CAM are mainly a clathrin‐independent cargo, which was not expected for isoform 1. Second, the mechanism of L1CAM endocytosis is specifically mediated by the N‐BAR domain protein endophilin‐A3. Third, we discovered PSTPIP1, an F‐BAR domain protein, as a novel actor in this endocytic process. Finally, we identified galectins as endocytic partners and negative regulators of L1CAM endocytosis. In summary, the interplay of the BAR proteins endophilin‐A3 and PSTPIP1, and galectins fine tune the clathrin‐independent endocytosis of L1CAM.
Eye drops of human origin—Current status and future needs: Report on the workshop organized by the ISBT Working Party for Cellular Therapies
Authors: Gabriel Christian , Marks Denese C. , Henschler Reinhard , Schallmoser Katharina , Burnouf Thierry , Koh Mickey B. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSerum eye drops (SEDs) are used to treat ocular surface disease (OSD) and to promote ocular surface renewal. However, their use and production are not standardized, and several new forms of human eye drops have been developed.Materials and MethodsThe International Society for Blood Transfusion Working Party (ISBT WP) for Cellular Therapies held a workshop to review the current types of eye drops of human origin (EDHO) status and provide guidance.ResultsThe ISBT WP for Cellular Therapies introduced the new terminology ‘EDHO’ to emphasize that these products are analogous to ‘medical products of human origin’. This concept encompasses their source (serum, platelet lysate, and cord blood) and the increasingly diverse spectrum of clinical usage in ophthalmology and the need for traceability. The workshop identified the wide variability in EDHO manufacturing, lack of harmonized quality and production standards, distribution issues, reimbursement schemes and regulations. EDHO use and efficacy is established for the treatment of OSD, especially for those refractory to conventional treatments.ConclusionProduction and distribution of single‐donor donations are cumbersome and complex. The workshop participants agreed that allogeneic EDHO have advantages over autologous EDHO although more data on clinical efficacy and safety are needed. Allogeneic EDHOs enable more efficient production and, when pooled, can provide enhanced standardization for clinical consistency, provided optimal margin of virus safety is ensured. Newer products, including platelet‐lysate‐ and cord‐blood‐derived EDHO, show promise and benefits over SED, but their safety and efficacy are yet to be fully established. This workshop highlighted the need for harmonization of EDHO standards and guidelines.
Natural killer cell subset count and antigen‐stimulated activation in response to exhaustive running following adaptation to a ketogenic diet
Authors: Shaw David M. , Keaney Lauren , Maunder Ed , Dulson Deborah K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigated the effect of a 31‐day ketogenic diet (KD) compared with a habitual, carbohydrate (CHO)‐based diet on total circulating natural killer (NK) CD3−CD56+, dim and bright subset count, and antigen‐stimulated CD3−CD56+ cell activation (CD69+) in response to exhaustive running. In a randomised, repeated‐measures, cross‐over study, eight trained, male endurance athletes ingested a 31‐day low‐CHO KD or their habitual diet (HD). On day 31, participants ran to exhaustion at 70% (∼3.5–4 h, ∼45–50 km). A low‐CHO (<10 g) meal was ingested prior to the KD trial, with fat ingested during exercise. A high‐CHO (2 g kg−1) meal was ingested prior to the HD trial, with CHO (∼55 g h−1) ingested during exercise. Venous blood samples were collected at pre‐exercise, post‐exercise and 1 h post‐exercise. The KD amplified the classical exercise‐induced biphasic CD3−CD56+ cell response by increasing the post‐exercise counts (P = 0.0004), which appeared to be underpinned by the cytotoxic CD3−CD56dim subset (main effect of time point, P < 0.0001). The KD had no effect on NK cells’ expression of CD69 or their geometric mean fluorescence intensity of CD69 expression, either for unstimulated or for antigen‐stimulated NK cells (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, adaptation to a KD may alter the number of circulating NK cells but not their ability to activate to an antigenic challenge.
Investigation on Thermal Buckling of Functionally Gradient Material-Coated Cylindrical Shell Considering Material Properties Varying With Temperature
Authors: Wang Zewu , Li Junbao , Fan Haigui , Hu Dapeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although the thermal buckling problem of functionally gradient material (FGM) cylindrical shells has been investigated for many years, its theoretical solution is rarely reported when considering the material properties varying with temperature, and the existing commercial software also cannot directly solve the critical temperature rise of thermal buckling. Therefore, the theoretical solution of critical temperature rise was first derived for the FGM-coated cylindrical shell with temperature-dependent material properties based on the Donnell thin shell theory. And then, a stepped layer discrete finite element (FE) model was developed by integrating the bisection method into a user subroutine to calculate the critical temperature rise. The results show that the theoretical solutions are in good agreement with the numerical ones, and find out the temperature has a relatively large negative effect on the thermal buckling resistance of the FGM-coated cylindrical shell. Finally, the influence factors on the critical temperature rise were discussed in detail, and some suggestions have been formed to improve the calculation accuracy. This work not only provides a theoretical calculation formula but also develops an FE numerical method to calculate the critical temperature rise of the FGM-coated cylindrical shell, which will help the engineers to design the FGM-related structures easily.
Uncertainties Propagation and Global Sensitivity Analysis of the Aeolian Vibration of OPGW Cables
Authors: Campos Damián Federico , Ajras Andres Elías , Goytiño Lucas Guillermo , Piovan Marcelo Tulio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper is devoted to evaluating the quantification of uncertainty involved in the study of Aeolian vibrations of optical ground wire (OPGW) cable systems installed on overhead power transmission lines. The energy balance method (EBM) is widely used to estimate the severity of steady-state Aeolian vibrations. Although the EBM requires some experimental characterization of system parameters (as indicated by international standards), it is necessary to mention that such a procedure is connected with uncertainties which makes it difficult for the proper homologation of the cable systems. In this article, the parametric probabilistic approach is employed to quantify the level of uncertainty associated with the EBM in the study of Aeolian vibrations of OPGW. The relevant parameters of the EBM (damper properties, cable self-damping, and the power imparted by the wind) are assumed as random variables whose distribution is deduced by means of the maximum entropy principle. Then a Monte Carlo simulation is performed, and the input and output uncertainties are contrasted. Finally, a global sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the Sobol' indices. Results indicate that parameters related to self-damping and damper are the most influential on uncertainty and output variability. In this sense, the present framework constitutes a powerful tool in the robust design of damper systems for OPGW cables.
Process-Factor Optimization of Small-Area Sintered Interconnects for Power Electronics Applications
Authors: Alzoubi Khalid , Hensel Alexander , Häußler Felix , Ottinger Bettina , Sippel Marcel , Franke Jörg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPower electronics is concerned with the use of electronic devices to control and transfer electric power from one form to another. Power electronics can be found in laptop chargers, electric grids, and solar inverters. Die-attach interconnections form a critical part of power electronics devices. Silver sintering has been traditionally used for die-attach interconnections because of its high melting point and ability to form very thin thicknesses. However, the processing time compared with soldering is very long. Sintered layers might contain large voids that affect the mechanical stability of the structure. Stresses caused by mechanical and environmental conditions might cause degradation and possibly early failures. This work focuses on studying the combined effect of process factors on the shear strength of small-area die-attach interconnections in silver sintering. Design of experiments (DoE) tools were used to build an experimental matrix with a 95% confidence level. The results have shown that holding time has a considerable effect on the mechanical stability of the die-attach interconnections. Intermetallic compounds formed in the sintered joints at higher holding times resulted in fewer voids. Furthermore, the treatment level of the holding time highly affects the shear strength under other factors such as temperature and pressure.
Multiresolution Quality Inspection of Layerwise Builds for Metal 3D Printer and Scanner
Authors: Yang Hui , Reijonen Joni , Revuelta Alejandro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Automated optical inspection (AOI) is increasingly advocated for in situ quality monitoring of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. The availability of layerwise imaging data improves the information visibility during fabrication processes and is thus conducive to performing online certification. However, few, if any, have investigated the high-speed contact image sensors (CIS) (i.e., originally developed for document scanners and multifunction printers) for AM quality monitoring. In addition, layerwise images show complex patterns and often contain hidden information that cannot be revealed in a single scale. A new and alternative approach will be to analyze these intrinsic patterns with multiscale lenses. Therefore, the objective of this article is to design and develop an AOI system with contact image sensors for multiresolution quality inspection of layerwise builds in additive manufacturing. First, we retrofit the AOI system with contact image sensors in industrially relevant 95 mm/s scanning speed to a laser-powder-bed-fusion (LPBF) machines. Then, we design the experiments to fabricate nine parts under a variety of factor levels (e.g., gas flow blockage, re-coater damage, laser power changes). In each layer, the AOI system collects imaging data of both recoating powder beds before the laser fusion and surface finishes after the laser fusion. Second, layerwise images are pre-preprocessed for alignment, registration, and identification of regions of interests (ROIs) of these nine parts. Then, we leverage the wavelet transformation to analyze ROI images in multiple scales and further extract salient features that are sensitive to process variations, instead of extraneous noises. Third, we perform the paired comparison analysis to investigate how different levels of factors influence the distribution of wavelet features. Finally, these features are shown to be effective in predicting the extent of defects in the computed tomography (CT) data of layerwise AM builds. The proposed framework of multiresolution quality inspection is evaluated and validated using real-world AM imaging data. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed AOI system with contact image sensors for online quality inspection of layerwise builds in AM processes.
Identification and Investigation of Extreme Events Using an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian Approach With a Laplace Equation Solver and Coupling to a Navier–Stokes Solver
Authors: Kamath Arun , Wang Weizhi , Pakozdi Csaba , Bihs Hans 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncreased deployment of offshore wind turbines is seen as an important pathway to increase green renewable energy production. Improved and rapid identification of extreme events and evaluation of hydrodynamic loads due to such events is essential to reduce the cost of energy production. Numerical modeling to pre-screen sea states and to identify the crucial events to prioritize model tests will make a major contribution to reduce design times and costs for such structures. In this effort, a highly efficient and nonlinear numerical model based on the Laplace equations is used to generate undisturbed wave kinematics. Such a simulation is used to identify extreme wave events in a sea state realization, and further, the wave loading due to such events are evaluated using Morison formula. Events screened in this manner can then be transferred to a high-resolution model such as a Navier–Stokes equation-based solver to investigate the hydrodynamics in detail. The implementation and application of such an approach in the open-source hydrodynamic model REEF3D is presented in this work.
Rapid Change in the Direction of Hand Movement to Increase Hand Propulsion During Front Crawl Swimming
Authors: Kudo Shigetada , Matsuda Yuji , Sakurai Yoshihisa , Ikuta Yasushi 
Published: February 2023

This study aims to investigate the difference in hand acceleration induced by rapid changes in hand movement directions and propulsion between fast and slow groups of swimmers during front crawl swimming. Twenty-two participants, consisting of 11 fast and 11 slow swimmers, performed front crawl swimming at their maximal effort. Hand acceleration and velocity and the angle of attack were measured using a motion capture system. The dynamic pressure approach was used to estimate hand propulsion. In the insweep phase, the fast group attained significantly higher hand acceleration than the slow group in the lateral and vertical directions (15.31 [3.44] m·s−2 vs 12.23 [2.60] m·s−2 and 14.37 [1.70] m·s−2 vs 12.15 [1.21] m·s−2), and the fast group exerted significantly larger hand propulsion than the slow group (53 [5] N vs 44 [7] N). Although the fast group attained large hand acceleration and propulsion during the insweep phase, the hand velocity and the angle of attack were not significantly different in the 2 groups. The rapid change in hand movement direction could be considered in the technique of underwater arm stroke, particularly in the vertical direction, to increase hand propulsion during front crawl swimming.