bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centralizers of Nilpotent Elements in Basic Classical Lie Superalgebras in Good Characteristic
Authors: Han Leyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet $$\mathfrak {g}=\mathfrak {g}_{\bar{0}}\oplus \mathfrak {g}_{\bar{1}}$$

g
=

g

0

¯

⊕

g

1

¯

be a basic classical Lie superalgebra over an algebraically closed field $$\mathbb {K}$$
K
whose characteristic $$p>0$$

p
>
0

is a good prime for $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
. Let $$G_{\bar{0}}$$

G

0

¯

be the reductive algebraic group over $$\mathbb {K}$$
K
such that $$\textrm{Lie}(G_{\bar{0}})=\mathfrak {g}_{\bar{0}}$$

Lie

(

G

0

¯

)

=

g

0

¯

. Suppose $$e\in \mathfrak {g}_{\bar{0}}$$

e
∈

g

0

¯

is nilpotent. Write $$\mathfrak {g}^{e}$$

g

e

for the centralizer of e in $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
and $$\mathfrak {z}(\mathfrak {g}^{e})$$

z
(

g

e

)

for the centre of $$\mathfrak {g}^{e}$$

g

e

. We calculate a basis for $$\mathfrak {g}^{e}$$

g

e

and $$\mathfrak {z}(\mathfrak {g}^{e})$$

z
(

g

e

)

by using associated cocharacters $$\tau :\mathbb {K}^{\times }\rightarrow G_{\bar{0}}$$

τ
:

K

×

→

G

0

¯

of e. In addition, we give the classification of e which are reachable, strongly reachable or satisfy the Panyushev property for exceptional Lie superalgebras $$D(2,1;\alpha )$$

D
(
2
,
1
;
α
)

, G(3) and F(4).
Associations Between Aldosterone-Renin-Ratio and Bone Parameters Derived from Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Impact Microindentation in Men
Authors: Holloway-Kew Kara L. , Anderson Kara B. , Rufus-Membere Pamela , Tembo Monica C. , Sui Sophia X. , Hyde Natalie K. , Kotowicz Mark A. , Gwini Stella M. , Yang Jun , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Henneberg Maciej , Liao Wan-Hui , Pasco Julie A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComponents of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) are present on bone cells. One measure of RAAS activity, the aldosterone-renin-ratio (ARR), is used to screen for primary aldosteronism. Associations between ARR and bone mineral density are conflicting. This study investigated associations between ARR and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and impact microindentation (IMI). Male participants (n = 431) were from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. “Likely” primary aldosteronism was defined as ARR ≥ 70 pmol/mIU. Another group, “possible” primary aldosteronism, was defined as either ARR ≥ 70 pmol/mIU or taking a medication that affects the RAAS, but not a beta blocker, and renin < 15 mU/L. Using pQCT, images at 4% and 66% of radial (n = 365) and tibial (n = 356) length were obtained. Using IMI measurements, bone material strength index (BMSi; n = 332) was determined. Associations between ARR or likely/possible primary aldosteronism and IMI or pQCT-derived bone parameters were tested using median regression. ARR and aldosterone values were not associated with any of the pQCT-derived bone variables in either unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Men with likely primary aldosteronism (n = 16), had lower adjusted total bone area (radial 66% site, − 12.5%). No associations were observed for men with possible primary aldosteronism (unadjusted or adjusted). No associations with BMSi were observed (p > 0.05). There were no associations between ARR or aldosterone and pQCT-derived bone parameters. Men with likely primary aldosteronism had lower bone area, suggesting clinically high levels of ARR may have a negative impact on bone health.
Differentiated somatic gene expression is triggered in the dorsal hippocampus and the anterior retrosplenial cortex by hippocampal synaptic plasticity prompted by spatial content learning
Authors: Hoang Thu-Huong , Manahan-Vaughan Denise 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHippocampal afferent inputs, terminating on proximal and distal subfields of the cornus ammonis (CA), enable the functional discrimination of ‘what’ (item identity) and ‘where’ (spatial location) elements of a spatial representation. This kind of information is supported by structures such as the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Spatial content learning promotes the expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, particularly long-term depression (LTD). In the CA1 region, this is specifically facilitated by the learning of item-place features of a spatial environment. Gene-tagging, by means of time-locked fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect nuclear expression of immediate early genes, can reveal neuronal populations that engage in experience-dependent information encoding. In the current study, using FISH, we examined if learning-facilitated LTD results in subfield-specific information encoding in the hippocampus and RSC. Rats engaged in novel exploration of small items during stimulation of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. This resulted in LTD (> 24 h). FISH, to detect nuclear expression of Homer1a, revealed that the distal-CA1 and proximal-CA3 subcompartments were particularly activated by this event. By contrast, all elements of the proximodistal cornus ammonis-axis showed equal nuclear Homer1a expression following LTD induction solely by means of afferent stimulation. The RSC exhibited stronger nuclear Homer1a expression in response to learning-facilitated LTD, and to novel item-place experience, compared to LTD induced by sole afferent stimulation in CA1. These results show that both the cornus ammonis and RSC engage in differentiated information encoding of item-place learning that is salient enough, in its own right, to drive the expression of hippocampal LTD. These results also reveal a novel role of the RSC in item-place learning.
Long-term safety and efficacy of frameless subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Genovese Danilo , Bove Francesco , Rigon Leonardo , Tufo Tommaso , Izzo Alessandro , Calabresi Paolo , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Piano Carla 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is standard of care for Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and a correct lead placement is crucial to obtain good clinical outcomes. Evidence demonstrating the targeting accuracy of the frameless technique for DBS, along with the advantages for patients and clinicians, is solid, while data reporting long-term clinical outcomes for PD patients are still lacking.

Objectives
The study aims to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of frameless bilateral STN-DBS in PD patients at 5 years from surgery.

Methods
Consecutive PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS with a frameless system were included in this single-center retrospective study. Clinical features, including the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in its total motor score and axial sub-scores, and pharmacological regimen were assessed at baseline, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery. The adverse events related to the procedure, stimulation, or the presence of the hardware were systematically collected.

Results
Forty-one PD patients undergone bilateral STN-DBS implantation were included in the study and fifteen patients already completed the 5-year observation. No complications occurred during surgery and the perioperative phase, and no unexpected serious adverse event occurred during the entire follow-up period. At 5 years from surgery, there was a sustained motor efficacy of STN stimulation: STN-DBS significantly improved the off-stim UPDRS III score at 5 years by 37.6% (P < 0.001), while the dopaminergic medications remained significantly reduced compared to baseline (− 21.6% versus baseline LEDD; P = 0.036).

Conclusions
Our data support the use of the frameless system for STN-DBS in PD patients, as a safe and well-tolerated technique, with long-term clinical benefits and persistent motor efficacy at 5 years from the surgery.
Spatial and Temporal Deep Learning in Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Testing for Enabling NDE 4.0
Authors: Schmid Simon , Dürrmeier Florian , Grosse Christian U. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAir-coupled ultrasonic (ACU) testing has been used for several years to detect defects in plate-like structures. Especially, for automated testing procedures, ACU testing is advantageous in comparison to conventional testing. However, the evaluation of the measurement data is usually done in a manual manner, which is an obstruction to the application of ACU testing. The goal of this study is to automate and improve defect characterization and NDE 4.0 accordingly with deep learning. In conventional ACU testing the measurement data contains temporal (A-scans) and spatial (C-scans) information. Both data types are investigated in this study. For the A-scans, which represent time series data, neural network architectures tailored to such data types are applied. In addition, it is evaluated if further adaptions of the training procedure increase the performance. The C-scans are segmented by applying different U-net similar architectures and training strategies. In order to use spatial and temporal information, a further approach is taken. The prediction of the time series models is segmented with image models. The performance of all trained models and training strategies is compared with the F1-score and benchmarked against the conventional evaluation, which is thresholding of the C-scans. As specimens, artificial defects in acrylic and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer plates are investigated.
Pride, prejudice and pragmatism: family language policies in the UK
Authors: Curdt-Christiansen Xiao Lan , Wei Li , Hua Zhu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, we examine how mobility and on-going changes in sociocultural contexts impact family language policy (FLP) in the UK. Using a questionnaire and involving 470 transnational families across the UK, our study provides a descriptive analysis of different family language practices in England and establishes how attitudes influence the different types of FLP in these families. Complementing the descriptive analysis, we use interview data to understand the driving forces behind the different types of language practices and language management activities, and explore how ideological constructs of ‘pride’, ‘prejudice’ and ‘pragmatism’ are directly related to negative or positive attitudes towards the development of children’s heritage language. The findings indicate that migration trajectories, social values, raciolinguistic policing in schools, and linguistic loyalty have shaped family decisions about what languages to keep and what languages to let go. Our paper responds to the linguistic and demographic changes in British society, and makes an important contribution to our knowledge about multilingual development of children in transnational families. Critically, this study shows that FLPs alone cannot save the minority languages; institutionally sanctioned language practices and ideologies have to make a move from limiting the use of these languages in educational contexts to legitimising them as what they are: linguistic resources and languages of pride.
Care trajectories of surgically treated patients with a prolactinoma: why did they opt for surgery?
Authors: van Trigt Victoria R. , Zandbergen Ingrid M. , Pelsma Iris C. M. , Bakker Leontine E. H. , Verstegen Marco J. T. , van Furth Wouter R. , Biermasz Nienke R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To describe care trajectories in patients with prolactinoma, aiming to clarify the rationale for surgery.

Methods
Retrospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients with prolactinoma undergoing surgery from 2017 to 2019 at the referral center (RC), prior to surgery being considered a viable treatment option (i.e. PRolaCT study). Demographics and clinical data (type and duration of pretreatment and surgical indications, goals, and outcomes) were collected from patient records. Care trajectories were divided into three phases: (1) diagnosis and initial treatment, (2) endocrine treatment at the RC, and (3) surgical treatment.

Results
40 patients were included (31 females (77.5%), median age 26.5 (14–63) years. Indications for surgery were dopamine agonist (DA) intolerance (n = 31, 77.5%), resistance (n = 6, 15.0%), and patient/physician preference (n = 3, 7.5%). Patients were pretreated with DA (n = 39 (97.5%)), and surgery (n = 3 (7.5%)). Median disease duration at surgery was 4 (0–27) years. Primary surgical goal was total resection in 38 patients (95.0%), of which biochemical remission was achieved 6 months postoperatively in 23 patients (62.2%), and clinical remission in 6 patients (16.2%), missing data n = 1.

Conclusion
Care trajectories were highly individualized based on patient and tumor characteristics, as well as the multidisciplinary team’s assessment (need for alternative treatment, surgical chances and risks). Most patients were pretreated pharmacologically and had broad variation in timing of referral, undergoing surgery as last-resort treatment predominantly due to DA intolerance. High quality imaging and multidisciplinary consultations with experienced neurosurgeons and endocrinologists enabling treatment tailored to patients’ needs were prerequisites for adequate counseling in treatment of patients with prolactinoma.
Tolerance of Al–Mg–Si Wrought Alloys for High Fe Contents: The Role of Effective Si
Authors: Österreicher J. A. , Arnoldt A. R. , Gneiger S. , Kunschert G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAluminum scrap is often contaminated with steel parts, leading to accumulation of Fe in recycled Al alloys. Consequently, low limits for Fe in Al wrought alloys are difficult to meet by recycling without dilution with primary Al. Wrought alloys with a higher tolerance for Fe could help overcome this problem and improve the sustainability of Al wrought products. Here we study the effects of increasing the Fe content in EN AW-6060, 6005A, and 6082 from 0.2 to 0.7 wt pct. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys after extrusion and artificial ageing are compared to the standard alloys. We found that 6082 is more tolerant to above-standard Fe contents than 6005A, which in turn is more tolerant than 6060: the strength of the 6082-based alloy with increased Fe content is comparable to that of standard 6082 and the elongation at break is increased. In contrast, the artificial ageing potential of the 6060-based alloy with more Fe is drastically reduced compared to 6060. This data and literature values show that the effective Si content is a good overall predictor of alloy strength. Effective Si is not bound in AlFeSi-type phases and is available for precipitation hardening. Additional effects of increased Fe levels are discussed.
Diagnostic and treatment guidelines for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in Japan 2023
Authors: Matsumoto Masanori , Miyakawa Yoshitaka , Kokame Koichi , Ueda Yasunori , Wada Hideo , Higasa Satoshi , Yagi Hideo , Ogawa Yoshiyuki , Sakai Kazuya , Miyata Toshiyuki , Morishita Eriko , Fujimura Yoshihiro ,   For TTP group of Blood Coagulation Abnormalities Research Study Team, Research on Rare and Intractable diseases, Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
Published: September 2023

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) can rapidly become a life-threatening condition, and the importance of its appropriate diagnosis and treatment cannot be overstated. Until recently, TTP has mainly been diagnosed by clinical findings such as thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. In addition to these clinical findings, however, reduced activity of a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13 (ADAMTS13) below 10% has become internationally accepted as a diagnostic criterion for TTP. TTP is classified as immune-mediated TTP (iTTP) if the patient is positive for anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies, and as congenital TTP (cTTP) if ADAMTS13 gene abnormalities are detected. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion is performed in patients with cTTP to supplement ADAMTS13. Plasma exchange therapy using FFP is conducted in patients with iTTP to supplement ADAMTS13 and to remove both anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies and unusually large von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers. To suppress autoantibody production, corticosteroid therapy is administered in conjunction with plasma exchange. The monoclonal anti-CD-20 antibody rituximab is effective in patients with iTTP. In addition, caplacizumab, an anti-VWF A1 domain nanobody, has a novel mechanism of action, involving direct inhibition of platelet glycoprotein Ib–VWF binding. The recommended first-line treatments of iTTP in Japan are plasma exchange and corticosteroids, as well as caplacizumab.
Design and Evaluation of a 100 kN m Multi-function Torque Standard Machine
Authors: Khaled K. M. , Abdulhakim M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the design and evaluation of a Multi-function torque standard machine (MFTSM) capable of calibrating hydraulic torque wrenches, torque multipliers either concentric or nonconcentric up to 100 kN m, and torque transducers with regular or irregular bases up to 2.5 kN m, in clockwise and anticlockwise directions. The machine’s performance was evaluated through a series of calibrations and comparisons that revealed good consistency, as the En value tests are less than unity.
Distribution and Fractionation of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the Ion Adsorption-type REE Deposit (IAD) at Maofeng Mountain, Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Liu , Sun Mingqi , Huang Jian , Huang Yufeng , Liang Xiaoliang , Tan Wei , He Hongping , Zhu Jianxi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIon adsorption-type rare earth deposits (IADs) are developed via prolonged weathering of REE-rich volcanic and metamorphic rocks. Intense magmatic activity which occurred during the Yanshanian (199.6–65.5 Ma) and Caledonian periods (542–359.2 Ma) provided an abundant material basis for the formation of IADs in South China. High concentrations of REE and the high proportion of ion-exchangeable REE were found in the Maofeng Mountain regolith, Guangzhou city. However, the geochemical patterns and mechanisms of REE enrichment in the regolith were still poorly understood. The present study investigated the regolith profile (0–8 m) developed in Maofeng Mountain based on metallogenic and geochemical characteristics, sequential extraction, and physical and chemical parameters of the regolith profile. The bedrock contained abundant REE resources (245–287 mg kg–1) and the chondrite-normalized REE patterns showed the enrichment of light REE (LREE) and negative cerium (Ce) and europium (Eu) anomalies. The distribution patterns of REE in the bedrock were inherited by the regolith. REE enrichment of the regolith occurred mainly in the completely weathered layer (B1, B2, and B3 horizons), particularly in the depth range 2.5–4.5 m (849–2391 mg kg–1). The position of REE enrichment was controlled by the soil pH (5.52–6.02), by the amount of kaolinite and halloysite, and by the permeability of the metamorphic rock. In the REE-enriched horizon (2–8 m), the REE were hosted mainly in ion-exchangeable fractions (75–2158 mg kg–1), representing 79% of the total REE. Given the pH of 4.73–6.02, REE fractionation driven by the adsorption of kaolinite was limited. Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides played an important role in REE enrichment and the reducible fraction holds up to 21% (139 mg kg–1) of the total REE. The enrichment of LREE was observed in the reducible fraction potentially because of the preferential release of LREE from the LREE-bearing minerals (monazite) and then scavenged by Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides. Positive Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*: 10) were found in the reducible fraction because trivalent Ce was oxidized by Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides to cerianite (CeO2). The present study helps to understand the enrichment and fractionation of REE in the IADs of South China.
The burden of mental disorders in Nepal between 1990 and 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Dhungana Raja Ram , Pandey Achyut Raj , Joshi Suira , Luitel Nagendra P. , Marahatta Kedar , Aryal Krishna Kumar , Dhimal Meghnath 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mental disorders are the leading cause of disease burden, affecting 13% of all people globally in 2019. However, there is scarce evidence on the burden of mental disorders in Nepal. This study used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data to assess the prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of mental disorders in Nepal between 1990 and 2019. In 2019, there were 3.9 million (95% UI: 3.6–4.3) people with mental disorders in Nepal. Major depressive disorders (1.1 million; 95% UI: 0.9–1.2 million) and anxiety disorders (0.9 million; 95% UI: 0.8–1.2 million) were the most prevalent mental disorders in 2019. Attention deficit hyperactive disorder, conduct disorder, and autism spectrum disorders were present twice as high in males than in females. The proportional contribution of mental disorders to the total disease burden has tripled between 1990 (1.79% of all DALYs) and 2019 (5.5% of all DALYs). In conclusion, the proportional contribution of mental disorders to total disease burden has increased significantly in the last three decades in Nepal, with apparent sex and age differentials in prevalence and DALY rates. Effective program and policy responses are required to prepare the health system for reducing the growing burden of mental health disorders in Nepal.
Storage, Transport, and Fate of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in a Wastewater Reuse and Groundwater Recharge System
Authors: Jahn Kalle L. , Saffer Demian M. , Freeman Katherine H. , Lincoln Sara A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a group of synthetic compounds associated with adverse human health impacts, are commonly found in effluent discharged from wastewater treatment facilities. When that effluent is used for irrigation, the fate of PFAAs depends strongly on soil PFAA retention properties and effluent PFAA loading history. The relative importance of PFAA retention factors under natural field‐scale conditions remains uncertain, and the historical record of effluent PFAA concentrations is limited. Using soil cores collected from the Penn State Living Filter (irrigated with treated wastewater effluent for nearly 60 years), we evaluated PFAA mass balance in the irrigated soils and estimated historical effluent PFAA concentrations. Total accumulated perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) masses measured in soils in 2014 were more than 450 times greater than annual mass loads applied during the 2020 effluent irrigation. Column mass balance models reproduced the observed PFOS and PFOA profiles, providing an estimate of historical effluent PFOS and PFOA concentrations: 70–170 ng L−1 and 1,000–1,300 ng L−1, respectively. Estimated concentrations were comparable to measurements in other wastewater effluents in the 1990s and 2000s, indicating that wastewater‐irrigated soils can serve as integrated records of historical PFAA loading to the environment. Mass balance calculations suggest that PFOS breakthrough to groundwater occurred 50 years after the start of wastewater irrigation, whereas simulated PFOA breakthrough occurred after only 10 years of irrigation. While wastewater irrigation of soils facilitates retention and reduces effluent PFAA loading to surface waters, resulting PFAA storage in soils potentially creates long‐term sources of PFAAs to groundwater.