bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy and podocytopathy
Authors: Ponticelli Claudio , Moroni Gabriella , Reggiani Francesco 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTAutophagy is a complex process of lysosomal-dependent degradation of unwanted cellular material. In response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, autophagy is induced and regulated by two kinases: the AMP activated kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Cells activated by Unc-51-like kinase 1 form a double membrane complex that sequesters the cargo (phagophore) and elongates producing spherical vesicles (autophagosomes). These reach and fuse with lysosomes, which degrade the cargo (autolysosomes). The resulting macromolecules are released back and recycled in the cytosol for reuse. In the podocyte, autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that contributes to the formation and preservation of the morphological and functional integrity of actin cytoskeleton. Podocytes, fenestrated endothelial cells and glomerular basement membrane compose the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte damage may cause dysfunction of the glomerular barrier, proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in different glomerular diseases and particularly in so-called podocytopathies, namely minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Several drugs and molecules may activate autophagic function in murine models. Among them, aldosterone inhibitors, mineralocorticoid inhibitors and vitamin D3 were proven to protect podocyte from injury and reduce proteinuria in clinical studies. However, no clinical trial with autophagy regulators in podocytopathies has been conducted. Caution is needed with other autophagy activators, such as mTOR inhibitors and metformin, because of potential adverse events.
Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Antimicrobial Resistance of InvasiveEscherichia ColiDisease in Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Doua Joachim , Geurtsen Jeroen , Rodriguez-Baño Jesus , Cornely Oliver A , Go Oscar , Gomila-Grange Aina , Kirby Andrew , Hermans Peter , Gori Andrea , Zuccaro Valentina , Gravenstein Stefan , Bonten Marc , Poolman Jan , Sarnecki Michal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundInvasive Escherichia coli disease (IED), including bloodstream infection, sepsis, and septic shock, can lead to high hospitalization and mortality rates. This multinational study describes the clinical profile of patients with IED in tertiary care hospitals.MethodsWe applied clinical criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, or septic shock to patients hospitalized with culture-confirmed E coli from urine or a presumed sterile site. We assessed a proposed clinical case definition against physician diagnoses.ResultsMost patients with IED (N = 902) were adults aged ≥60 years (76.5%); 51.9%, 25.1%, and 23.0% of cases were community-acquired (CA), hospital-acquired (HA), and healthcare-associated (HCA), respectively. The urinary tract was the most common source of infection (52.3%). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock were identified in 77.4%, 65.3%, and 14.1% of patients, respectively. Patients &gt;60 years were more likely to exhibit organ dysfunction than those ≤60 years; this trend was not observed for SIRS. The case-fatality rate (CFR) was 20.0% (60–75 years, 21.5%; ≥75 years, 22.2%), with an increase across IED acquisition settings (HA, 28.3%; HCA, 21.7%; CA, 15.2%). Noticeably, 77.8% of patients initiated antibiotic use on the day of culture sample collection. A total of 65.6% and 40.8% of E coli isolates were resistant to ≥1 agent in ≥1 or ≥2 drug class(es). A 96.1% agreement was seen between the proposed clinical case definition and physician's diagnoses of IED.ConclusionsThis study contributes valuable, real-world data about IED severity. An accepted case definition could promote timely and accurate diagnosis of IED and inform the development of novel preventative strategies.
Trends of β-Lactamase Occurrence AmongEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaein United States Hospitals During a 5-Year Period and Activity of Antimicrobial Agents Against Isolates Stratified by β-Lactamase Type
Authors: Castanheira Mariana , Kimbrough John H , DeVries Sean , Mendes Rodrigo E , Sader Helio S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe temporal and longitudinal trends of β-lactamases and their associated susceptibility patterns were analyzed for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates consecutively collected in 56 United States hospitals during 2016–2020.MethodsIsolates (n = 19 453) were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Isolates that displayed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ≥2 mg/L for at least 2 of the following compounds—ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, or cefepime—or resistance to the carbapenems were submitted to whole genome sequencing for identification of β-lactamases. Longitudinal and temporal trends were determined by slope coefficient. New CTX-M and OXA-1 variants were characterized.ResultsExtended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected among 88.0% of the isolates that displayed elevated cephalosporin/aztreonam MICs without carbapenem resistance. blaCTX-M-15 was detected among 55.5% of the ESBL producers. ESBL rates were stable over time, but significant increases were noted among bloodstream infection and K pneumoniae isolates, mainly driven by an increase in blaCTX-M. Carbapenem resistance and carbapenemase genes were noted among 166 and 145 isolates, respectively, including 137 blaKPC, 6 blaSME, 3 blaOXA-48–like, and 3 blaNDM. Ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenems were very active (&gt;99% susceptibility) against ESBL producers without carbapenem resistance. Ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited 97.0% of the carbapenem-resistant isolates. This agent and meropenem-vaborbactam inhibited 96.4% and 85.0% of the 2020 isolates, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, ESBL-producing isolates were stable, but an increase was noted for K pneumoniae isolates driven by CTX-M production. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales rates decreased in the study period. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases and OXA-48–like remains low. Continuous surveillance of β-lactamase–producing isolates is prudent.
The Impact of Cold Ambient Temperature in the Pattern of Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Matsuki Eri , Kawamoto Shota , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Prior literature suggests that cold temperature strongly influences the immune function of animals and human behaviors, which may allow for the transmission of respiratory viral infections. However, information on the impact of cold stimuli, especially the impact of temporal change in the ambient temperature on influenza virus transmission, is limited.

Methods
A susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible model was applied to evaluate the effect of temperature change on influenza virus transmission.

Results
The mean temperature of the prior week was positively associated with the number of newly diagnosed cases (0.107 [95% Bayesian credible interval {BCI}, .106–.109]), whereas the mean difference in the temperature of the prior week was negatively associated (−0.835 [95% BCI, −.840 to −.830]). The product of the mean temperature and mean difference in the temperature of the previous week were also negatively associated with the number of newly diagnosed cases (−0.192 [95% BCI, −.197 to −.187]).

Conclusions
The mean temperature and the mean difference in temperature affected the number of newly diagnosed influenza cases differently. Our data suggest that high ambient temperature and a drop in the temperature and their interaction increase the risk of infection. Therefore, the highest risk of infection is attributable to a steep fall in temperature in a relatively warm environment.
Simultaneous multicolor photometry of the DESTINY+ target asteroid (3200) Phaethon
Authors: Beniyama Jin , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Kuroda Daisuke , Arai Tomoko , Ishibashi Ko , Ishiguro Masateru , Yoshida Fumi , Senshu Hiroki , Ootsubo Takafumi , Sako Shigeyuki , Ohsawa Ryou , Takita Satoshi , Geem Jooyeon , Bach Yoonsoo P 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccurate estimations of the brightness of (3200) Phaethon up to lower phase angles are essential for the planning of the on-board camera for the DESTINY+ mission. We carried out intensive observations of Phaethon in the optical wavelength (g, r, and i) with the TriCCS camera on the Seimei 3.8 m telescope in 2021 October and November. We derived the absolute magnitude HV and the slope parameter G of Phaethon as HV = 14.23 ± 0.02 and G = 0.040 ± 0.008 from multiple photometric observations including lower phase angles down to ∼9° with the H–G model. Using the HV value and the geometric albedo of Phaethon derived in previous polarimetric studies, we estimated that Phaethon’s diameter is within a range of 5.22–6.74 km, which is consistent with radar and occultation observations. With the linear model, we derived HV = 14.65 ± 0.02, which corresponds to a diameter range of 4.30–5.56 km. Our simultaneous tricolor light curves of Phaethon indicate that no rotational spectral variations larger than 0.018 and 0.020 mag in the g − r and r − i colors, possibly related to inhomogeneity of the surface material and/or structure, are seen at the 2021 apparition.
Molecular clouds at the eastern edge of radio nebula W 50
Authors: Sakemi Haruka , Machida Mami , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Tachihara Kengo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Microquasar SS 433 located at the geometric center of radio nebula W 50 is a suitable source for investigating the physical process of how galactic jets affect the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). Previous studies have searched for evidence of the interaction between the SS 433 jet and ISM, such as neutral hydrogen gas and molecular clouds; however, it is still unclear which ISM interacts with the jet. We looked for new molecular clouds that possibly interact at the terminal of the SS 433 eastern jet using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope and the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE). We identified two molecular clouds, comprising many small clumps, in the velocity range of 30.1–36.5 km s−1 for the first time. These clouds have complex velocity structures, and one of them has a density gradient toward SS 433. Although it is difficult to conclude the relation between the molecular clouds and the SS 433/W 50 system, there is a possibility that the eastern structure of W 50 constructed by the SS 433 jet swept up tiny molecular clumps drifting in the surroundings and formed the molecular clouds that we identified in this study.
Crystal Structure Controls on Oriented Primary Magnetite Micro-Inclusions in Plagioclase From Oceanic Gabbro
Authors: Bian Ge , Ageeva Olga , Roddatis Vladimir , Li Chen , Pennycook Timothy J , Habler Gerlinde , Abart Rainer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Oriented needle-, lath- and plate-shaped magnetite micro-inclusions in rock forming plagioclase from mafic intrusive rocks, were investigated using correlated optical microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The magnetite micro-inclusions were analysed on cuts parallel and perpendicular to the inclusion–elongation directions. The crystal structures of the two phases are in direct contact along the interfaces. The shape, shape orientation and crystallographic orientation relationships between the magnetite micro-inclusions and the plagioclase host appear to be controlled by the tendency of the system to optimise lattice match along the interfaces. The elongation direction of the inclusions ensures good match between prominent oxygen layers in the magnetite and plagioclase crystal structures across the interfaces bounding the inclusions parallel to their elongation direction. In cross-section, additional modes of lattice match, such as the commensurate impingement of magnetite and plagioclase lattice planes along the interfaces, the parallel alignment of the interfaces to low-index lattice planes of magnetite or plagioclase, or the parallel alignment to low index lattice planes of both phases are observed, which appear to control the selection of interface facets, as well as the shape and crystallographic orientation relationships between magnetite micro-inclusions and plagioclase host. The systematics of the inclusion cross-sectional shapes and crystallographic orientation relationships indicate recrystallisation of magnetite with potential implications for natural remanent magnetisation of magnetite-bearing plagioclase grains.
Engagement with fact-checked posts on Reddit
Authors: Bond Robert M , Garrett R Kelly 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Contested factual claims shared online are of increasing interest to scholars and the public. Characterizing temporal patterns of sharing and engagement with such information, as well as the effect of sharing associated fact-checks, can help us understand the online political news environment more fully. Here, we investigate differential engagement with fact-checked posts shared online via Reddit from 2016 to 2018. The data comprise ∼29,000 conversations, ∼849,000 users, and ∼9.8 million comments. We classified the veracity of the posts being discussed as true, mixed, or false using three fact-checking organizations. Regardless of veracity, fact-checked posts had larger and longer lasting conversations than claims that were not fact-checked. Among those that were fact-checked, posts rated as false were discussed less and for shorter periods of time than claims that were rated as true. We also observe that fact-checks of posts rated as false tend to happen more quickly than fact-checks of posts rated as true. Finally, we observe that thread deletion and removal are systematically related to the presence of a fact-check and the veracity of the fact-check, but when deletion and removal are combined the differences are minimal. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Inference for Ranks with Applications to Mobility across Neighbourhoods and Academic Achievement across Countries
Authors: Mogstad Magne , Romano Joseph P , Shaikh Azeem M , Wilhelm Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It is often desired to rank different populations according to the value of some feature of each population. For example, it may be desired to rank neighbourhoods according to some measure of intergenerational mobility or countries according to some measure of academic achievement. These rankings are invariably computed using estimates rather than the true values of these features. As a result, there may be considerable uncertainty concerning the rank of each population. In this paper, we consider the problem of accounting for such uncertainty by constructing confidence sets for the rank of each population. We consider both the problem of constructing marginal confidence sets for the rank of a particular population as well as simultaneous confidence sets for the ranks of all populations. We show how to construct such confidence sets under weak assumptions. An important feature of all of our constructions is that they remain computationally feasible even when the number of populations is very large. We apply our theoretical results to re-examine the rankings of both neighbourhoods in the U.S. in terms of intergenerational mobility and developed countries in terms of academic achievement. The conclusions about which countries do best and worst at reading, math, and science are fairly robust to accounting for uncertainty. The confidence sets for the ranking of the fifty most populous commuting zones by measures of mobility are also found to be small. These confidence sets, however, become much less informative if one includes all commuting zones, if one considers neighbourhoods at a more granular level (counties, census tracts), or if one uses movers across areas to address concerns about selection.
The pattern of MHC class I expression in muscle biopsies from patients with myositis and other neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Milisenda José C , Pinal-Fernandez Iago , Lloyd Thomas E , Grau-Junyent Josep Maria , Christopher-Stine Lisa , Corse Andrea M , Mammen Andrew L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
Diagnostic muscle biopsies are routinely immunostained for major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) protein. In this study we analysed the prevalence and patterns of MHC-I immunostaining in biopsies from patients with different types of myopathies and neurogenic disorders.

Methods
All 357 diagnostic muscle biopsies processed at the Johns Hopkins Neuromuscular Pathology Laboratory from August 2013 to January 2017 were immunostained for MHC-I. The prevalence and patterns of MHC-I immunostaining were compared between patients with histologically normal muscle biopsies (n = 31), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs; n = 170), non-inflammatory myopathies (n = 60) and neurogenic disorders (n = 96).

Results
MHC-I immunostaining was abnormal in most patients with DM (98%), sporadic IBM (sIBM; 100%), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM; 100%) and polymyositis (77%). In contrast, MHC-I immunostaining was less frequently present in non-inflammatory myopathies (32%) or neurogenic disorders (30%). Overall, abnormal MHC-I immunostaining had a sensitivity of 0.95 and a specificity of 0.82 for diagnosing IIMs. A focal MHC-I staining pattern was associated with IMNM, whereas a global pattern was more prevalent in sIBM and a perifascicular pattern was significantly more common in dermatomyositis. Among 18 DM biopsies without perifascicular atrophy, 50% had a perifascicular MHC-I staining pattern. Sarcoplasmic upregulation staining was more common than sarcolemmal staining across all groups.

Conclusion
MHC-I immunostaining was useful to distinguish IIMs from non-inflammatory myopathies or neurogenic disorders. Of note, a perifascicular MHC-I staining pattern was present only in those with DM, including half of those without perifascicular atrophy; many of these biopsies may not otherwise have been diagnostic for DM.
What Is the Prevalence of Visual Hallucinations in a First-Episode Psychosis Population? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Literature
Authors: Allen Sophie , Goodall Thomas , Jones Chris , James Rachel , Surtees Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and HypothesisThis systematic review and meta-analysis review the literature regarding the prevalence of visual hallucinations in patients with first-episode psychosis. Previous reviews have focused on the prevalence of visual hallucinations in a general psychosis population, highlighting a weighted prevalence of 27%. However, no reviews have focused specifically on the experiences of those with a first episode of psychosis. Understanding “first-episode” experiences is crucial, as intervention during this “critical period” is thought to define long-term outcome. Therefore, it is important that the prevalence of different symptoms during this period is accurately represented.Study DesignSystematic searches yielded 15 studies to be meta-analyzed. Information to calculate event rates was extracted. Studies were rated for their methodological quality using a risk of bias tool. The quality of included studies varied; generalizability bias was the domain with the most risk of bias.Study ResultsPrevalence rates were synthesized from the 15 papers included in the final analysis, which generated a weighted prevalence estimate of 33% of people with first-episode psychosis experiencing visual hallucinations. Subgroup analyses were carried out and did not demonstrate significant associations.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis provides a robust estimate of 33% for the prevalence of visual hallucinations in first-episode psychosis; highlighting that visual hallucinations are relatively common experiences.
Association between indoor noise level at night and objective/subjective sleep quality in the older population: a cross-sectional study of the HEIJO-KYO cohort
Authors: Yamagami Yuki , Obayashi Kenji , Tai Yoshiaki , Saeki Keigo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Study objectives
Noise exposure could be an important risk factor for low sleep quality; however, evidence on indoor noise in large-scale populations is limited. We evaluate the association between indoor noise at night and objective and subjective sleep quality in the older population.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study of 1076 participants (≥60 years), we measured indoor noise at night (A-weighted equivalent noise from bedtime to rising time [LAeq]) using a portable noise level meter set in bedrooms and sleep quality using actigraphy and a questionnaire for 2 nights. Using multivariable linear regression models, we examined the associations between indoor noise at night and objective and subjective sleep parameters independent of potential confounders such as age, body mass index, and sleep medication.

Results
Increased indoor noise at night by 1 dB of LAeq was significantly associated with lower objective sleep quality, such as lower sleep efficiency (regression coefficient [β], −0.19%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −0.26 to −0.12; p &lt; 0.001), longer log-transformed sleep onset latency (β, 0.02 log min; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.03; p&lt; 0.001) and wake after sleep onset (β, 0.66 min; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.92; p &lt; 0.001), and higher log-transformed fragmentation index (β, 0.01; 95% CI 0.008 to 0.017; p &lt; 0.001). These results remained consistent in the analysis using noise-event rate (≥45 dB) as an independent variable.

Conclusion
This study revealed the quantitative association between indoor noise at night and objective and subjective sleep quality in the older population. Reducing noise and improving sleep quality may prevent fatal diseases.
Modeling starch dynamics from seasonal variations of photosynthesis, growth and respiration
Authors: Oswald Scott W , Aubrey Doug P 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) buffer differences in plant carbon supply (photosynthesis) and demand (respiration, growth, etc.), but the regulation of their dynamics remains unresolved. Seasonal variations in NSCs are well-documented, but differences in the time-average, amplitude, phase and other characteristics across ecosystems and functional types lack explanation; furthermore, observed dynamics do not always match expectations. The failure to match observed and expected dynamics has stimulated debate on whether carbon supply or demand drives NSC dynamics. To gain insight into how carbon supply and demand drive seasonal NSC dynamics, we derive a simple model of NSC dynamics based on carbon mass balance and linearizing the NSC demand to determine how supply-driven and demand-driven seasonal NSC dynamics differ. We find that supply-driven and demand-driven dynamics yield distinct timings of seasonal extrema, and supply overrides demand when carbon supply is low in winter (e.g., at high latitudes). Our results also suggest that NSC dynamics often lag changes carbon mass balance. We also predict differences in NSC dynamics across mass, suggesting that saplings are more dynamic and respond more quickly to the environment than mature trees. Our findings suggest that substrate-dependent regulation with environmental variation is sufficient to generate complex NSC dynamics.