bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Retinopathy as a Risk for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Khalil Iqra , Kiran Ayesha , Haider Sajjad , Kanwal Bushra 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: To evaluate diabetic retinopathy as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Munawar Memorial Hospital Chakwal from December 2021 to April 2022.
Methods: A sample of 206 eyes of 103 diabetic patients, 40 to 65 years of age and either gender were included in the study. The eyes were divided into two groups on the basis of presence and absence of diabetic retinopathy. Data included age, gender, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, type, and duration of diabetes mellitus. Fundus examination was carried out using a 90 Diopters lens. Diabetic retinopathy was graded according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy scale (ETDRS). Primary open angle glaucoma was diagnosed on the basis of optic nerve head changes, defective visual field and raised intraocular pressure. Data was analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0.
Results: Of 103 subjects 52 subjects were male and 51 were female. Of the 206 eyes of 103 subjects, 100 eyes had no signs of diabetic retinopathy while 106 eyes had signs of diabetic retinopathy. Fifty six eyes had primary open angle glaucoma. Chi-square and a multivariate regression model were used for analysis. The odds ratio of diabetic retinopathy for primary open angle glaucoma was 1.50.
Conclusion: In conclusion, Diabetic retinopathy was found to be a significant risk for developing primary open angle glaucoma in addition to other contributing factors like age, duration of diabetes mellitus, increased intraocular pressure, Ocular Perfusion pressure, and cup disc ratio.
Clinical Characteristics of Horizontal Strabismus in Sudanese Patients
Authors: Alrasheed Saif Hassan 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: To describe clinical characteristics of horizontal strabismus in Sudanese patients.
Study Design: A retrospective chart review (RCR), a hospital-based study.
Place and Duration of Study: Al-Neelain Eye Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, from January 2017 to May 2021.
Methods: There were 773 patients, who presented with horizontal strabismus. Data regarding demographics and eye examination including visual acuity, refractive error, and angle of deviation, type of strabismus (intermittent, constant, or alternating)were collected. Data analysis was done by SPSS 23, and statistical significance was set at P< 0.05.
Results: The commonest strabismus was esotropia 522(71.5%). There were 415(56.8%) females. Most patients had alternating strabismus 436(59.7%), followed by constant strabismus 206(28.2%). Vision differed by types of strabismus (P =0.032) with worse vision found in esotropia(mean, 0.69±0.34)compared to exotropia (mean, 0.78±0.33). Refractive error varied by types of strabismus. Hyperopia was common with esotropia (mean, +3.9±3.8 D) and myopia was associated with exotropia (-3.4±2.8 D). The main cause of horizontal strabismus was congenital and presence of refractive error. Hyperopia was a major cause of esotropia for children aged 6 – 10 years which was highly significant (P <0.003) and myopia was the primary reason for exotropia at ˃15 years (P =0.485).
Conclusion: The most common type of strabismus among Sudanese was esotropia. Causes of strabismus differed by age group with refractive error and congenital disorders accounting for most of the children aged less than six years and myopia for the majority of exotropia aged more than15 years.
Role of Conjunctival Swab in Diagnosis of Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ernawati Titiek , Irawan Audrey Fedora , Marpaung Ferdy Royland , Khudrati Wilson Christianto , Novita Dewi Bernadette Dian 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: To investigate the role of conjunctival swab in diagnosing COVID-19 and to find out correlation between COVID-19 severity and conjunctival swab positivity.
Study Design: Analytic Correlational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Primasatya Husada Citra Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia in March 2021.
Method: Forty-seven patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted in the hospital during the month of March 2021 were included. Socio demographic data, symptoms, ocular manifestations, and result of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swabs for SARS-CoV-2were collected. Conjunctival swab was taken 1 – 4 days after the nasopharyngeal swab. Patients were divided into two groups; group with ocular symptoms and the other group with ocular signs. Patients with ocular signs had chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, and eye discharge. This group also included patients who were on Ventilator and could not complain about their ocular problems. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis with p-value less than 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
Results: Conjunctival swab PCR was negative in 95.7% patients. Correlation between COVID-19 severity and conjunctival swab was also not significant (P = 0.589). Only 2 subjects (4.3%) who had ocular signs and symptoms revealed positive PCR (p> 0.05). Similarly severity of the disease was also not correlated with positivity of conjunctival swab (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The limited sensitivity of conjunctival specimens based on the result of this study showed that the diagnostic value of conjunctival specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is low.
Evaluation of Toxicity of Lead Salts (PbCl2 and PbNO3) Exposed Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Two Seasons (Summer and Winter) of Different Temperature Conditions
Authors: Kour Gagandeep , Shrivastav Rekha , Vyas Vipin 
Published: July 2023

The main objective of the intended research was to ascertain the toxic effects of Lead salts (PbCl2 and PbNO3) in two seasons of varying temperatures in the Indian subtropical region of Bhopal. The toxicity test was carried out at concentrations of 250, 300, 350, 400,450, and 500 mg.l-1 for the determination of LC 50 of PbCl2 and PbNO4 in summer at high temperature (HT) and in winter with low temperature(LT) conditions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The LC 50 values for PbCl2 for 24 hours in winter (LT) were 487.98 ± 1.17 mg.l-1 and decreased to 466.66 ± 1.31 mg.l-1, 436.11 ± 1.68 mg.l-1, 416.49 ± 1.61 mg.l-1, for 48, 72, and 96 hours respectively whereas in summer (HT) the LC 50 values were calculated as 396.83 ± 1.38 mg.l-1, 359.42 ± 1.71 mg.l-1, 345.95 ± 1.80 mg.l-1 and 321.67 ± 1.24 mg.l-1 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The LC 50 values for PbNO3 in winter (LT) were calculated as 427.76 ± 2.02 mg.l-1, 400.13 ± 1.01 mg.l-1, 373.42 ± 1.76 mg.l-1, and 359.92 ±1.36 mg.l-1 for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours and in summer(HT) LC 50 values calculated as 357.93 ± 1.69 mg.l-1, 329.76 ± 0.83 mg.l-1, 300.47 ± 1.41 mg.l-1 and 274.29 ± 2.06 mg.l-1 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. This study discovered that the counterions play an important role in toxicity due to which PbNO3 toxicity was high as compared to PbCl2 in both seasons as well effect of temperature in enhancing the toxicity of both Lead salts (PbCl2 and PbNO3) in summer was studied.
Keywords: counterions, LC 50, Seasonal temperatures, fish.
METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SUBSTANTIATING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ON LABOR SAFETY BASED ON RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Kruzhilko O. , Volodchenkova N. , Tkalych I. , Dziurban M. , Bogdanova О. 
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the practical application of modern methods and approaches to the assessment of occupational risks based on the identification of hazards. Preventive measures and production methods should be chosen based on the results of hazard identification and risk assessment, which will ensure an increase in the level of safety and health of employees, as well as allow the integration of occupational risk management into other subsystems of the general enterprise management system at all hierarchical levels. Despite the fact that a lot of attention is paid to this issue, the problem of choosing a risk assessment method and its practical implementation remains relevant.
An urgent issue in the process of assessing occupational risks and further planning preventive measures is the early identification of production factors that can become potential sources of danger. The analysis of the theory and practice of the formation of preventive measures at enterprises shows the effectiveness of the application of modifications of the matrix method of risk assessment, the application of which allows taking into account the peculiarities of occupational safety management at enterprises, taking into account the features of the used equipment, technological processes and other factors.
As a result of the application of the modified matrix method, effective preventive measures were developed for production processes that had an unacceptable and medium level of risk. In addition, due to the implementation of additional preventive actions, the indicator of the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event was reduced, which directly affected the overall assessment of the degree of risk.
For the practical implementation of a scientific approach to management decision-making based on the results of professional risk assessment, a scheme is proposed that defines the stages of the process of preparation and management decision-making.
In the case of submission of proposals and initiatives for the implementation of projects to improve operational efficiency, it is worth paying attention to the following areas: determine the priority areas for the implementation of the project; conduct an accounting and in-depth analysis of available resources, in particular, regarding potential locations, human potential, logistics and related business in the region; involve the experience and specialists available at the enterprise to determine possible risk factors.
UNDECLATED WORK AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Tairova T. M. 
Published: July 2023

The development of new directions for the effective functioning of the labor sphere in Ukraine and measures to eliminate the negative trends currently taking place are impossible without researching such a negative economic phenomenon as the informal sector of the labor market. Currently, research on undeclared work is gaining special relevance, since the labor market as a dynamic system depends on the political and economic situation in the country. The informal sector of the labor market and undeclared work in the formal sector have common features, namely illegal employment of an employee or registration of an employee without concluding an employment contract, which is provided for by the current legislation of Ukraine.
Thus, there is concealment of actually worked hours, payment of wages "in an envelope", replacement of actual employment contracts with civil and economic ones, non-payment of taxes and a high probability for employees to remain unemployed. At the same time, in the event of an injury at the productions of the informal sector of the labor market, the injured employee must spend considerable personal funds on treatment without any compensation payments. It is shown that currently in Ukraine there are no unified approaches to the interpretation of the content of the shadow economy, which leads to the absence of both methods of assessing its scale and scientific research on the development of approaches and ways of countering it.
It has been proven that measures to reduce the number of people employed in the informal labor market are ineffective, because there is the tendency to increase the number of people working in the informal sector of the labor market. It is proposed to strengthen the motivation of legal employment and consolidate the efforts of social partners against shadow employment in order to implement such a policy in the field of labor protection in the state that would ensure decent working conditions at every workplace and contribute to reducing the volume of the shadow economy. The expediency of expanding the range of measures to encourage employers to participate in the formal labor market and the development of the scientifically based comprehensive national program of productive employment, aimed at ensuring a balanced supply and demand of labor on the labor market, was noted.
The obtained theoretical conclusions are the basis of specific proposals intended for the planning of labor protection measures both at enterprises and in those sectors of the labor market where undocumented workers work.
ANALISIS MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA KREATIFITAS SISWA KELAS 2 SDN KARANGREJO 02 SEMARANG PADA TEMA 6 MERAWAT HEWAN DAN TUMBUHAN
Authors: Ananda Ananda Kusumaningrum , Kusumaningsih Widya , Januar Saputra Henry , Rofingun  
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis model pembelajaran Project Based Learning terhadap kreativitas siswa pada tema merawat hewan dan tumbuhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Karangrejo 02 Semarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pada observasi awal diketahui bahwa dari 18 siswa kelas 2 hanya terdapat 5 siswa yang memiliki kreativitas yang baik, sedangkan 13 siswa lainnya masih kurang dalam kreativitas. Penerapan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning pada tema merawat hewan dan tumbuhan di kelas 2 yaitu membuat vas bunga. Dari proyek yang dilaksanakan, siswa kelas 2 sangat antusias mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Kreativitas siswa juga meningkat dari sebelum model Project Based Learning digunakan. Hal ini terlihat dari bagaimana siswa mampu membuat desain vas bunga sesuai kreativitas masing-masing dengan desain yang menarik. Setelah dilakukan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning membuat vas bunga, Dari 18 peserta didik sebanyak 11 peserta didik mendapatkan nilai 4 atau dalam kategori sangat baik, sebanyak 2 siswa mendapatkan nilai 3 dengan kategori baik, kemudian sebanyak 3 peserta didik mendapatkan nilai 2 dalam kategori baik dan sebanyak 2 peserta didik mendapatkan nilai 1 dalam kategori sangat kurang.
Los patrones que habita la mujer
Authors: Echeverria-Bucheli Rosa Mishell , Carlos-Alberto Carlos Alberto 
Published: July 2023

El habitar contiene una serie de cambios que se manifiestan en las prácticas cotidianas donde se toman decisiones voluntarias y condicionadas a factores externos, como pueden ser económicos, políticos, sociales y culturales. El propósito de analizar el habitar como proceso de hacerse presente en un espacio, es entender la homogeneidad y heterogeneidad de las formas de vida, a fin de reflexionar sobre las ventajas y desventajas, particularmente en este artículo que observa el habitar de la mujer a través de la vivienda contemporánea latinoamericana, como metodología se plantea la identificación de patrones de comportamiento que se manifiestan en la realidad de la vida cotidiana, sirviendo de guía para analizar, entender, proponer y proyectar de mejor manera diseños de vivienda que integren las necesidades actuales de la mujer latinoamericana.
Colecistite xantogranulomatosa mimetizando câncer de vesícula biliar: relato de caso
Authors: Maia Bruna Raposo , Reis Ester Morais , Assis Sátiro da Costa Júnior Francisco de , Cantarelli Tavares Gabriel , Fernandes Medeiros de Lima Isabela Cristina , Bartole Camboim Julia , Souza Miranda Maria Eduarda , Siqueira de Araújo Marina 
Published: July 2023

A colecistite xantogranulomatosa é uma doença inflamatória benigna e rara da vesícula biliar, caracterizada por processo inflamatório destrutivo e espessamento irregular da parede vesicular, alta chance de infiltração de órgãos adjacentes e complicações. Por seu caráter crônico e invasivo, pode mimetizar neoplasia de vesícula biliar. O diagnóstico definitivo de tal patologia se dá pela avaliação histopatológica pós-operatório. O presente trabalho relata o caso de uma paciente com quadro de dor em quadrante superior abdominal direito, vômitos e perda de peso há 04 meses, com hipótese diagnóstica inicial de neoplasia de vesícula biliar. Contudo, apesar de avaliações pré e intra-operatórias compatíveis com suspeita inicial, o diagnóstico histopatológico pós-operatório foi de colecistite xantogranulomatosa crônica. O objetivo do relato é discutir conceitos acerca do tema e as condutas adotadas frente ao caso, evidenciando a importância da disponibilidade da biópsia intra-operatória para evitar cirurgias mais agressivas e aumento desnecessário de morbimortalidade para o paciente.
As mídias digitais como ferramentas no combate à neurofobia no ensino médico: Relato de experiência em Projeto de Extensão
Authors: Araruna Dias Artêmio José , Lima Luís Felipe Gonçalves de , Batista Lemos Nilson , Brandão dos Santos Filho Cláudio , Costa Maia Diego Kennedy da , Jordão Lima Ana Beatriz , Almeida Silva Francisco Diogo , Nunes Lucas Pinheiro , Azevedo Filho Hildo Rocha Cirne de , Bem Junior Luiz Severo 
Published: July 2023

A Neurofobia definida como um receio e repulsa das neurociências, consiste em um problema evidenciado em diversas escolas médicas pelo mundo, em diversos países, em que vários estudantes vivenciam, em diferentes fases da formação. As motivações exatas que justifiquem a neurofobia ainda são alvo de estudos, análises e debates entre acadêmicos e os educadores, entretanto, a complexidade dos assuntos e a necessidade da reformulação da didática empregada no ensino de tal conteúdo possa compor, ao menos em parte a origem de tal falha pedagógica. Mediante a identificação de tal lacuna, o Projeto de Extensão de combate a Neurofobia pautou-se em utilizar uma didática mais chamativa e acessível, utilizando-se as redes sociais, haja vista o seu fácil acesso e a larga utilização pelo público acadêmico. Durante o período de um ano, foram postados diversos conteúdos das neurociências, de modo digital para os estudantes, com espaço aberto para dúvidas e sugestões. Ao longo desse processo foram utilizadas métricas disponibilizadas pela própria plataforma da rede social, tendo sido comprovado o grande alcance e visibilidade que tal método de divulgação de ciência possui, bem como a facilidade de salvar o contéudo e divulgá-lo. Por isso é fundamental que novos Projetos sejam desenvolvidos no âmbito universitário digital, para que sejam discutidos os melhores caminhos e formatos, de modo que se estimule o contato com tal modelo de aprendizagem e aprimorem-se as plataformas.
Pengaruh kegiatan ekstrakurikuler palang merah remaja terhadap prestasi siswa di SMPN 20 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Sanjaya Rahmat 
Published: July 2023

Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk membentuk manusia yang berkualitas atas bukanlah hal yang mudah tetapi harus diusahakan dengan kerja keras dan pengorbanan yang tidak sedikit. Salah satu cara yang paling efektif untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah melalui jalur pendidikan.Melihat fenomena yang ada, melalui kegiatan ekstrakulikuler Palang Merah Remaja inilah siswa dibiasakan dan dilatih untuk berprilaku disiplin dalam segalah hal. Sehubungan dengan masalah tersebut peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti tentang “Pengaruh Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Palang Merah Remaja Terhadap Prestasi Siswa Di SMPN 20 Kota Bengkulu.
Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan menggunakan metode Deskriptif, ada pun yang dimaksud dengan metode penelitian itu adalah suatu cara atau langkah yan ditempuh dalam mengumpulkan, mengorganisasikan, menginterprestasi data.
Temuan utama: Dari uji R square. tabel nilai .r. product moment, ternyata .r. hitung lebih lebih dari pada .r. tabel, dengan nilai r hitung >rtabel = ( 0,467 > 0,361 )pada taraf signifikasi 5% (0,361), dengan demikian hipotesis (Ha) diterima atau disetujui, sedangkan hipotesis (Ho) ditolak. Hassil dari uji T bahwa t hitung> t tabel (2,428 > 1,701). Karena t hitung> t tabel maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kegiatan ekstrakurikuler terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Dan dari hasil uji t pula, diketahui nilai sign. 0,003 lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,003 < 0,05) ini berarti terdapat pengaruh yang erat antara pengaruh kegiatan ekstrakurikuler terhadap prestasi belajar.
Keterbaruan: Dengan mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakuliker palang merah remaja, mampu meningkatkan prestasi yang dimiliki oleh siswa.
Pembelajaran Agama Islam dalam Perkembangan Peradaban Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Aliyah Sayuk Dewi , Parhati Laela Nadia 
Published: July 2023

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami esensi pembelajaran agama islam dalam perkembangan peradaban pendidikan di Indonesia. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian kepustakaan. Peneliti menganalisis data dengan mengkaji berbagai sumber dari buku, jurnal, dan artikel ilmiah mengenai metode pembelajaran fiqih di Madrasah. Temuan Utama: Analisis mendalam mengenai pembelajaran agama islam dalam perkembangan peradaban pendidikan di Indonesia melalui berbagai sumber buku, jurnal, dan artikel ilmiah maka diperoleh hasil bahwa peradaban di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan di Indonesia. Keterbaruan/Keaslian dari Penelitian: Penelitian ini sangat bermanfaat bagi setiap individu dalam memahami pembelajaran agama islam yang dapat berpengaruh bagi perkembangan peradaban pendidikan di Indonesia.
Implementasi Nilai-nilai Keteladanan Rasulullah dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam terhadap Pembentukan Perilaku Peserta Didik Kelas X
Authors: Darwis Darwis 
Published: July 2023

Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi nilai-nilai keteladanan Rasulullah dalam pendidikan agama Islam terhadap pembentukan perilaku peserta didik kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Panca Rijang.
Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yaitu produser data deskriptif berupa ucapan atau tindakan dari subjek yang diamati, data tersebut dideskripsikan untuk memberikan gambaran umum tentang subjek yang diteliti.
Temuan Utama: Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk membentuk perilaku peserta didik maka harus dimulai dari seorang guru yang menanamkan nilai-nilai keteladanan dalam dirinya seperti kejujuran, sopan santun, penyayang, disiplin, adil, bertanggung jawab, mampu menahan amarah, penolong, ikhlas. Dengan demikain, akan lebih mudah membentuk perilaku peserta didik.
Keterbaruan/Keaslian dari Penelitian: keterbarukan dari penelitian ini yaitu peneliti melihat implementasi nilai nilai keteladanan rasulullah dalam pendidikan agama islam terhadap pembentukan perilaku peserta didik.
Perspektif Hukum Islam: Peralihan Harta Ke Anak Asuh dari Orang Tua Asuh
Authors: Aminah Siti 
Published: July 2023

Tujuan Penelitian: Keluarga yang tidak memiliki anak, tidak sedikit yang melakukan pengasuhan atau adopsi anak. Anak yang sedang diasuh bisa dari keluarga dekat atau dari orang lain.
Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan yang mengandalkan sumber bibliografi dari buku dan artikel di jurnal ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan pokok permasalahan, pembacaan data dengan pemikiran para ahli dengan pendekatan konstruktif dan interpretasi pada isi pokok.
Temuan Utama: Tindakan hukum yang bersifat sukarela, yang didasarkan atas kehendak bebas dari pemberi wasiat selaku pemilik harta. Namun demkian, berpangkal pada firman Allah surat alBaqarah (2) ayat 180, hukum wasiat itu wajib, yaitu untuk memberi bagian kepada orang tua atau kerabat yang tidak menerima bagian warisan karena terhijab (mahjub), atau tidak dapat menjadi ahli waris karena terhalang (mamnu').
Keterbaruan/Keaslian dari Penelitian: Pewarisan yang dilaksanakan di desa Gajah Kecamatan Ngoro Kabupaten Jombang tersebut tidak memiliki sebuah landasan yang jelas, yaitu mengenai pilihan hukum mana yang akan dipakai dalam pembagian warisannya, ataupun siapa-siapa yang seharusnya menjadi ahli waris dan yang berhak mendapat warisan.