bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ram Graft: Using One Complete Piece of Conchal Cartilage for Nasal Tip Reconstruction in East Asians
Authors: Qiao Congzhen , Gao Wei , Chang Lei , Qiu Yajing , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Adequate nasal tip projection remains a challenge in aesthetic rhinoplasty for East Asians. Various surgical techniques have been developed to reshape the nasal tip using auricular cartilage. Here, we introduce the new ram graft to increase nasal tip projection by using one complete piece of conchal cartilage.

Methods:
Between 2019 and 2021, 19 patients who underwent nasal tip reconstruction using ram grafts were reviewed in a single hospital. The complication rate, satisfaction rate, and changes in nasolabial angle and nasal proportion were recorded.

Results:
Nineteen patients with a mean age ± SD of 28.9 ± 6.1 years underwent nasal tip reconstruction. The mean follow-up ± SD time was 15.4 ± 6.6 months. Nasolabial angle increased from 87.4 ± 10.0 degrees to 91.2 ± 10.2 degrees (p>0.05). 84.2% of patients (16/19) were satisfied with their results. The nasal length: nasal tip projection: dorsal height : radix height ratio is 2: 0.8: 0.62: 0.19 preoperatively and 2: 0.92: 0.77: 0.35 postoperatively. Complications including alloplast-related infection (2/19) and septal extension graft-related decrease of nasal tip projection (1/19) were recorded.

Conclusion:
By using one complete piece of conchal cartilage, the ram graft is a simple and effective approach to increase nasal tip projection for East Asians.
The Auricular Injection Technique : A New Treatment For Lying ear
Authors: Chen Chao-Yang , Zhou Yu-Hao , Fang Jun-Ren , Luo Cheng-En , Tan Lin-Lin , Wang Hai-Bin 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Lying ear deformity refers to an auricle that bends backward excessively, is excessively folded against the head, and has a very prominent antihelix. It usually requires experienced surgeons to perform surgical treatment and a longer postoperative recovery process. This article proposes a simple and effective hyaluronic acid (HA) injection technique that significantly improves the shape of the outer ear and enhances perceived facial aesthetics. Twenty patients underwent treatment with multiple injections. Measure-related parameters were used to evaluate the postoperative effect in patients, and the results were graded using a visual analog scale (VAS). Interrater reliability between graders was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). After treatment, no serious complications, such as infection or embolism, occurred. Six months after the procedure, the average auriculocephalic angle increased from 25.11±9.46° to 32.72±8.29°, the average conchoscaphal angle increased from 87.69±9.06° to 95.94±7.11°, and the average VAS score of the patients increased from 4.40±1.14 to 8.57±0.68. Interrater reliability was fair to good for VAS before injection and 6 months after injection (ICC=0.49; p<0.001 and ICC=0.45; p<0.001, respectively). The patients were satisfied with the injection process and results. In conclusion, this injection protocol improved the shape of the outer ear, resulting in excellent postoperative evaluations.
Prediction of Sex and the Potential Use of On-Demand PrEP Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States
Authors: Stamp Bryce F. , Powers Kimberly A. , Horvath Keith J. , Soberano Zachary R. , Hosek Sybil G. , Stocks Jacob B. , Rosso Matthew T. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa B. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
On-demand dosing of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) requires accurate prediction of sex; however, prediction abilities among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have not been characterized.

Setting:
A nationally recruited prospective cohort of YMSM ages 16–24 years.

Methods:
We followed 120 YMSM for 8 weeks using digital daily surveys (DDSs) to measure engagement in and prediction of anal sex over 24 hours, along with condom use and other encounter-level circumstances. Our main outcome, an “unpredicted spontaneous encounter,” was defined as an anal sex encounter that occurred without sufficient prior knowledge to (hypothetically) enable protective on-demand PrEP use according to dosing guidelines. We operationalized this outcome as an anal sex encounter for which a participant indicated: (1) on the prior day's DDS that there was a low likelihood of sex occurring in the subsequent 24 hours (unpredicted) and (2) on the current day's DDS that he knew ≤2 hours in advance that the encounter would occur (spontaneous).

Results:
Approximately one-third of all anal sex encounters during the study period were unpredicted and spontaneous and would not have been protected (hypothetically) by on-demand dosing. More than two-thirds of participants experienced such an encounter and almost three-quarters of all acts were condomless.

Conclusions:
On-demand PrEP to prevent HIV acquisition may be challenging for many YMSM. Clinical and public health approaches that account for patients' predictive abilities alongside their dosing preferences may help to optimize selection of and adherence to PrEP dosing strategies.
Intestinal Bacteremia After Liver Transplantation Is a Risk Factor for Recurrence of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Mammadov Ruslan A. , Selten Jasmijn W. , Roest Henk P. , Verhoeven Cornelia J. , Maroni Luca , Bril Sandra I. , Tolenaars Dagmar , Gadjradj Pravesh S. , van de Graaf Stan F.J. , Oude Elferink Ronald P.J. , Kwekkeboom Jaap , Metselaar Herold J. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Beuers Ulrich , IJzermans Jan N.M. , van der Laan Luc J.W. 
Published: March 2023

Background.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic progressive pathological process, related to inflammatory bowel disease and subsequent bacterial translocation. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative therapy, but outcomes are compromised by recurrence of PSC (rPSC). The aim of the study was to investigate a potential link between intestinal bacteremia, fucosyltransferase-2 (FUT2), and rPSC after LT.

Methods.
LT recipients with PSC (n = 81) or without PSC (n = 271) were analyzed for clinical outcomes and positive bacterial blood cultures. A link between bacteremia and the genetic variant of the FUT2 gene was investigated.

Results.
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease was significantly higher in PSC recipients but not associated with rPSC. Bacteremia occurred in 31% of PSC recipients. The incidence of rPSC was 37% and was significantly more common in patients with intestinal bacteremia versus no bacteremia (82% versus 30%; P = 0.003). The nonsecretor polymorphism of the FUT2 gene was identified as a genetic risk factor for both intestinal bacteremia and rPSC. Combined FUT2 genotype and intestinal bacteremia in recipients resulted in the highest risk for rPSC (hazard ratio, 15.3; P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
Thus, in this article, we showed that bacterial translocation is associated with rPSC after LT and related to the FUT2 nonsecretor status.
Failure of Costimulatory Blockade-induced Regulatory T Cells to Sustain Long-term Survival of High Ischemic Allografts
Authors: Kohei Naoki , Tanaka Toshiaki , Miyairi Satoshi , Tsuda Hidetoshi , Abe Toyofumi , Su Charles A. , Kish Danielle D. , Tanabe Kazunari , Valujskikh Anna , Min Booki , Fairchild Robert L. 
Published: March 2023

Background.
Costimulatory blockade–induced allograft tolerance has been achieved in rodent models, but these strategies do not translate well to nonhuman primate and clinical transplants. One confounder that may underlie this discrepancy is the greater ischemic inflammation imposed on the transplants. In mice, cardiac allografts subjected to prolonged cold ischemic storage (CIS) before transplant have increased ischemia–reperfusion injury, which amplifies infiltrating endogenous memory CD8 T-cell activation within hours after transplantation to mediate acute graft inflammation and cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 immunoglobulin–resistant rejection. This study tested strategies inhibiting memory CD8 T-cell activation within such high ischemic allografts to achieve long-term survival.

Methods.
A/J (H-2a) hearts subjected to 0.5 or 8 h of CIS were transplanted to C57BL/6 (H-2b) recipients and treatment with peritransplant costimulatory blockade. At 60 d posttransplant, regulatory T cells (Treg) were depleted in recipients of high ischemic allografts with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or diphtheria toxin.

Results.
Whereas peritransplant (days 0 and +1) anti–lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 mAb and anti-CD154 mAb prolonged survival of >60% allografts subjected to minimal CIS for >100 d, only 20% of allografts subjected to prolonged CIS survived beyond day 80 posttransplant and rejection was accompanied by high titers of donor-specific antibody. Peritransplant anti–lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, anti–tumor necrosis factor-α, and anti-CD154 mAb plus additional anti-CD154 mAb on days 14 and 16 obviated this donor-specific antibody and promoted Treg-mediated tolerance and survival of 60% of high ischemic allografts beyond day 100 posttransplant, but all allografts failed by day 120.

Conclusions.
These studies indicate a strategy inducing prolonged high ischemic allograft survival through Treg-mediated tolerance that is not sustained indefinitely.
Evaluation of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Motor Function and Neural Rehabilitation
Authors: Yuan Xiaoxia , Zhong Xiaoke , Wang Chen , Yang Yuan , Jiang Changhao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used in neuromodulation to regulate the excitability of the cerebral cortex and induce neural plasticity. It was initially used to rehabilitate patients with neurological diseases. However, with the increasing number of studies involving healthy individuals, this technology is currently used in the field of sports as well. The administration of tDCS to the cerebral cortex, especially over the primary motor cortex (M1), has been found to improve muscle strength, enhance endurance, and promote motor skills in humans. This study mainly summarizes the effects of tDCS on motor function, mainly involving motor promotion of tDCS in healthy athletes and nonathletes, and in patients diagnosed with neurological diseases. The tDCS is a promising and effective tool used to promote motor function by regulating cortical excitability. However, no consensus is available regarding individually appropriate models of tDCS.
The novel roles of bovine milk-derived exosomes on skin anti-aging
Authors: Lu Lu , Bai Wei , Wang Miao , Han Chunle , Du Huanqing , Wang Na , Gao Mengya , Li Dan , Dong Fengwei , Ge Xiaohu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExosomes are small vesicles released from cells and present in various mammal biological fluids, such as bovine milk, which worked for skin care for many years besides dairy. In addition, Exosomes were regarded as a vehicle for intercellular communication. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the novel roles of bovine milk-derived exosomes (MK-Exo) on human skin anti-aging. Purified MK-Exo can be directly uptake by the keratinocytes and fibroblastin vitroand upregulate the expression of the natural factors related to skin moisturizing, including Filaggrin (FLG), Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), CD44 in the keratinocytes and hyaluronidase (HAS2) in the fibroblast, and MK-Exo promoted the cell migration of the fibroblast, while rescue its expression of type I collagen (Col I), type III collagen (Col III) after ultraviolet radiation. Furthermore, the phototoxicity test, photoallergy test, repeated skin irritation test, skin allergy test, and patch test confirm the safety of MK-Exo on the skin. Finally, the roles of MK-Exo in preserving moisture and anti-wrinkle were also identified in humans. Then, MK-Exo was smeared on the facial skin of 31 female volunteers twice a day for 28 days, and the functions were evaluated following the safety assessmentin vivo. These studies reveal the novel roles of bovine milk-derived exosomes in human skin aging, which opens a new way of skin care.
Phase II Study of Myeloablative 8/8- or 7/8-Matched Allotransplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide, Tacrolimus, and Mycophenolate Mofetil: Marked Reduction in GVHD Risk Without Increased Relapse Risk Compared to Historical Cyclosporine/Methotrexate
Authors: Jurdi Najla El , Hoover Alex , O’Leary Daniel , Cao Qing , Gupta Ashish , Ebens Christen , Maakaron Joseph , Betts Brian C. , Rashidi Armin , Juckett Mark , Lund Troy , Bachanova Veronika , MacMillan Margaret , Miller Jeffrey , Orchard Paul , Wagner John , Vercellotti Gregory , Weisdorf Daniel , Dusenbery Kathryn , Terezakis Stephanie , Holtan Shernan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionGraft-versus host disease (GVHD) is a major limitation to the success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). We hypothesized that the GVHD prophylaxis regimen of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus (Tac) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) would reduce the incidence of GVHD in patients receiving a matched or single antigen mismatched HCT without an increase in risk of malignant relapse.MethodsThis is a phase II study conducted at the University of Minnesota using a myeloablative regimen of either: (A) total body irradiation (TBI, total dose 1320 cGy, administered in 165 cGy fractions, twice a day from days -4 to -1) or (B) Busulfan 3.2mg/kg daily (cumulative AUC 19,000 – 21,000 μmol/min/L) plus fludarabine 160mg/m2days -5 to -2, followed by a GVHD prophylaxis regimen of PTCy (50mg/kg days +3 and +4), Tac and MMF (beginning day +5). The primary endpoint is cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD requiring systemic immunosuppression at 1-year post-transplant. We compared results to our previous myeloablative protocol for matched donors utilizing cyclosporine/methotrexate (CSA/MTX) GVHD prophylaxis.ResultsFrom March 2018 - June 2022, we enrolled and treated 125 pediatric and adult patients with a median follow up of 472 days. Grade II-IV acute GVHD occurred in 16% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9-23%); Grade III-IV acute GVHD was 4% (CI: 0-8%). No patients experienced grade IV GVHD, and there were no deaths due to GVHD before day 100. Only 3 developed chronic GVHD requiring immune suppression, (4%, CI: 0-8%). Two-year overall survival (OS) was 80% (CI: 69-87%), and (graft-versus-host disease-free, relapse-free survival) GRFS 57% (CI: 45-67%), both higher than historical CSA/MTX. The incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD, cGVHD, and NRM were all lower with PTCy/Tac/MMF compared to historical CSA/MTX. One-quarter (25%) experienced relapse (CI: 15-36%) similar to historical CSA/MTX. There was no statistically significant difference in survival outcomes between recipients of matched versus 7/8 donors.ConclusionMyeloablative HCT with PTCy/Tac/MMF results in extremely low incidence of severe acute or chronic GVHD, the primary endpoint of this clinical trial. Relapse risk is not increased compared to our historical CSA/MTX cohort.
Cluster-Based Toxicity Estimation of Osteoradionecrosis via Unsupervised Machine Learning: Moving Beyond Single Dose-Parameter Normal Tissue Complication Probability by Using Whole Dose-Volume Histograms for Cohort Risk Stratification
Authors: Hosseinian Seyedmohammadhossein , Hemmati Mehdi , Dede Cem , Salzillo Travis C. , van Dijk Lisanne V. , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Lai Stephen Y. , Schaefer Andrew J. , Fuller Clifton D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeGiven the limitations of extant models for normal tissue complication probability estimation for osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible, the purpose of this study was to enrich statistical inference by exploiting structural properties of data and provide a clinically reliable model for ORN risk evaluation through an unsupervised-learning analysis.Materials and MethodsThe analysis was conducted on retrospective data of 1,259 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2005 and 2015. The (structural) clusters of mandibular dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were identified through the K-means clustering method. A soft-margin support vector machine (SVM) was used to determine the cluster borders and partition the dose-volume space. The risk of ORN for each dose-volume region was calculated based on the clinical risk factors and incidence rates.ResultsThe K-means clustering method identified six clusters among the DVHs. Based on the first five clusters, the dose-volume space was partitioned almost perfectly by the soft-margin SVM into distinct regions with different risk indices. The sixth cluster overlapped the others entirely; the region of this cluster was determined by its envelops. These regions and the associated risk indices provide a range of constraints for dose optimization under different risk levels.ConclusionThis study presents an unsupervised-learning analysis of a large-scale data set to evaluate the risk of mandibular ORN among HNC patients. The results provide a visual risk-assessment tool (based on the whole DVH) and a spectrum of dose constraints for radiation planning.
The cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor network of prenatal depression
Authors: Maes Michael , Abe Yoshiko , Sirichokchatchawan Wandee , Suwimonteerabutr Junpen , Sangkomkamhangd Ussanee , Almulla Abbas F. , Satthapisit Sirina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuro-immune pathways are engaged in antenatal and postpartum depression. Aims: To determine if immune profiles influence the severity of prenatal depression above and beyond the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and current psychological stressors.MethodsUsing the Bio-Plex Pro human cytokine 27-plex test kit, we assayed M1 macrophage, T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, Th-17, growth factor, chemokine, T cell growth immune profiles as well as indicators of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) in 120 pregnant females in the early (<16 weeks) and late (> 24 weeks) pregnancy. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess severity of antenatal depression.ResultsCluster analyses showed that the combined effects of ACE, relationship dissatisfaction, unwanted pregnancy, PMS, and upregulated M1, Th-1, Th-2 and IRS immune profiles and the ensuing early depressive symptoms shape a stress-immune-depression phenotypic class. Elevated IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17 and GM-CSF are the primary cytokines associated with this new phenotypic class. All immune profiles (except CIRS) were significantly associated with the early EPDS score, independent of the effects of psychological variables and PMS. There was a shift in immune profiles from early to late pregnancy, with an increase in the IRS/CIRS ratio. The late EPDS score was predicted by the early EPDS score, adverse experiences, and immune profiles, mainly the Th-2 and Th-17 phenotypes.ConclusionsActivated immune phenotypes contribute to early and late perinatal depressive symptoms above and beyond the effects of psychological stressors and PMS.
Post-operative morbidity and mortality in Indigenous Peoples: A scoping review and meta-analysis
Authors: Livergant Rachel J , Stefanyk Kelsey , Binda Catherine , Fraulin Georgia , Maleki Sasha , Sibbeston Sarah , Joharifard Shahrzad , Hillier Tracey , Joos Emilie 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIndigenous Peoples across North America and Oceania experience worse health outcomes compared to non-Indigenous people, including increased post-operative morbidity and mortality. No data is available on global differences in surgical morbidity and mortality between geographic locations and across surgical specialties. The aim of this study is to evaluate disparities in post-operative morbidity and mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. This scoping review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR and MOOSE guidelines. Eight electronic databases were searched with no language restriction. Studies reporting on Indigenous populations outside of Canada, the USA, New Zealand, or Australia, or on interventional procedures were excluded. Primary outcomes were post-operative morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes included reoperations, readmission rates, and length of hospital stay. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Eighty-four unique observational studies were included in this review. Of these, 67 studies were included in the meta-analysis (Oceania n=31, North America n=36). Extensive heterogeneity existed among studies and 50% were of poor quality. Indigenous patients worldwide had 1.26 times higher odds of post-operative morbidity (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.10-1.44, p<0.01) and 1.34 times higher odds of post-operative infection (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.12-1.59, p<0.01) than non-Indigenous patients. Indigenous patients also had 1.33 times higher odds of reoperation (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.02-1.74, p=0.04) and longer hospital stays (SMD=0.09; 95% CI: 0.02-1.08; p=0.05). In conclusion, we found that Indigenous patients experience significantly poorer surgical outcomes than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Additionally, there remains a paucity of high-quality research focusing on assessing and improving surgical equity for Indigenous patients worldwide, despite multiple international and national calls to action for reconciliation and decolonization to improve access to quality surgical care for Indigenous populations.
Health-related quality of life and adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations in schoolchildren: longitudinal cohort Ciao Corona
Authors: Haile Sarah R , Gunz Samuel , Peralta Gabriela P , Ulytė Agnė , Raineri Alessia , Rueegg Sonja , Yasenok Viktoriia , Radtke Thomas , Puhan Milo A , Kriemler Susi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated changes in adherence to physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) recommendations of children and adolescents throughout the pandemic, and their association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL).Methods1769 primary (PS, grades 1-6) and secondary (SS, 7-9) school children from Ciao Corona, a school-based cohort study in Zurich, Switzerland, with 5 questionnaires 2020-2022. HRQOL was assessed using the KINDL questionnaire. PA (≥ 60 min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA) and ST (≤ 2 hours/day ST) recommendations followed WHO guidelines.ResultsAdherence to PA recommendations dropped in 2020 (83% to 59% PS, 77% to 52% SS), but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2022 (79%, 66%). Fewer children met ST recommendations in 2020 (74% PS, 29% SS) and 2021 (82%, 37%) than pre-pandemic (95%, 68%). HRQOL decreased 3 points between 2020 and 2022, and was 9.7 points higher (95% CI 3.0-16.3) in March 2021 in children who met both versus no recommendations.ConclusionsAdherence to WHO guidelines on PA and ST during the pandemic had a consistent association with HRQOL despite longitudinal changes in behavior.