bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate Identification of Gas-Bearing Formation in a Mature Field Using Pulsed Neutron Logs Prevented Well Abandonment
Authors: Sahu Sunil , Tyagi Anil , Kim Yonghwee , Puri Arjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOperators typically update formation fluid saturation from producing wells as production impacts changes in formation fluid type and volume. An operator in India deployed a multi-detector pulsed neutron well logging tool on one of the old wells in a mature field to evaluate saturation profiles across multiple clastic formations. Production from the subject well had ceased due to water loading. The objective of the logging was to identify possible bypassed hydrocarbon zones before the operator decided on the well abandonment.A multi-detector pulsed neutron tool acquired a salinity-independent gas-sensitive time-based measurement from short-spaced and extra-long-spaced gamma-ray detectors. In addition, inelastic energy spectra-based carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratios were recorded to quantify formation oil saturation in a low water salinity environment. Another critical component in the saturation analysis workflow was the forward modeling of tool responses. We used the Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) stochastic method to predict gas-sensitive and C/O ratio responses in logging conditions.We had limited information on well conditions, such as cement bond condition and formation fluid properties, as no recent well logging was carried out to evaluate these. Thus, we performed saturation analyses in various conditions to reduce uncertainties in the results, including well-cemented, partially-cemented, and uncemented annulus conditions and different oil and gas densities.The analysis results identified one shallow sand unit containing gas. The sand was initially considered a water-dominant zone because the same zone produced water from adjacent wells. We evaluated the uncertainty in the gas saturation calculation attributed to cement bond quality and formation gas density. This helped to remove uncertainties in cement bond conditions and in-situ gas density on gas saturation. The identified sand unit was perforated and produced a large amount of gas. The accurate result of the gas saturation analysis saved the well from abandonment and increased reserves and production capacity. Additionally, the analysis revealed that water-filled formations were predominant in other sands. The C/O log analysis showed no bypassed oil in the lower sands.This paper further discusses case studies on candidate selection for pulsed neutron well logging, uncertainties in formation parameters, and the implications for saturation results.
Using Cerium Oxide (6.0 SG) as Weighting Material in HTHP Drilling Fluids
Authors: Soori Gholam Reza , Mohd Alwi Mohd Azrul , Haniff Julian Zaa'Eleezia , Tajudin Nazeeya , Zulkifli Shahrul Azwan , Abd Rahaman Noor Amirah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn high-density drilling fluids, maintaining low plastic viscosity (PV) to reduce Equivalent Circulation Density (ECD) and consequently achieve a higher rate of penetration comes with its own challenges. A low PV indicates that the drilling fluid is capable of drilling faster due to the low viscosity fluid exiting at the bit. PV represents the viscosity of drilling fluids when they are extrapolated to an infinite shear rate based on the Bingham model.High PV is caused either by a viscous base fluid or by an excessive solid content in drilling fluids. The usage of a new product, Cerium Oxide (CeO2) with S.G at 6.0, referred to as CERITE in this paper, has been evaluated in a HTHP drilling fluid.CERITE allows the drilling fluid to achieve higher density where the solid content in the mud is much lower than traditional weighting materials that are added to the drilling fluids.A drilling fluid THAT IS formulated with CERITE as weighting material has a lower solids content due to the higher S.G. of CERITE and thus contributes to effective management of ECD without needing to restrict the drilling rate compared to drilling fluids that have been weighed up using API BariteThe objective of this study is to discuss the performance of a HTHP drilling fluid where CERITE has been used as a weighting material. Hence, two batches of HPHT water-based mud (WBM) with a density of 2.0 SG, one containing API standard Barite and the other CERITE, were compared. HPHT filtration is measured under static conditions at 400 °F and 500 psi. A Particle Plugging Apparatus (PPA) is used at 2000 psi differential pressure for measuring the filter cake sealing capability on a ceramic disk. The rheological properties, particle size distribution (PSD), sag tendency, the volume of filtrate, and the filter cake thickness of the drilling fluids are measured after hot rolling the mud at 400 °F for 16 hours. Circulation hydraulic and frictional pressure loss measurement using rheology model as Power-Law is simulated to evaluate the effects of this product on equivalent circulating density (ECD) reduction against the API Barite.This paper discusses the extensive lab test results for the performance of CERITE against API Barite that has been added in a HTHP WBM system and ultimately concludes suitability of this material as a weighting agent.
Evaluation and Optimization of A Novel High-Density and High-Temperature Resistance VES-Based Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Then Yee Ling , Ling Kong Teng , Goh Soo Hui , Melice Daniel Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractViscoelastic surfactant (VES) is widely known to be a clean fluid for fracturing and gravel pack application. However, its low thermal stability had made the VES inefficient for high-temperature application. VES viscosity dramatically declines when temperature exceeds 300°F. Work has been done to explore the potential of a new VES to apply to high-density, high-temperature applications. Such VES could also serve as alternate option to conventional polymer-based fracturing fluid, which is known to create some level of formation damage due to polymer residue.This study aims to evaluate the fracturing fluid of a novel VES system that exhibits improved performance at high-temperature (300°F to 350°F) in high-density brines. Industries commonly use heavy brines of different densities; monovalent sodium bromide (NaBr) and sodium chloride (NaCl) and divalent calcium chloride (CaCl_2) and calcium bromide (CaBr2) brines were used for this evaluation. In this paper, we investigate the rheological properties and viscoelastic behavior of VES. A high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) rheometer was used to evaluate the fluid viscosity stability, elastic modulus (〖G〗') and viscous modulus (〖G〗′) measurements at elevated temperature. Surface tension, breaker, and coreflood tests were conducted to assess the fluid’s flowback ability and formation damage extent using synthetic core. The sand-bearing capability of the VES as a fracturing fluid was examined via a high-temperature sand settling test.Testing results demonstrated that this novel VES shows good shear recovery and viscosity stability with a 12.5-ppg (NaBr) brine system when tested at temperatures up to 325°F. The fluid system showed the ability to break with good retained permeability. The 11.5-ppg CaCl2 brine-based fluid developed its viscosity as the temperature increased. It showed good stability when tested at 350°F, and it can be broken with good retained permeability. Both brine-based viscoelastic fluids were found to be compatible with a demulsifier at a concentration up to 0.2% by volume.In conclusion, this novel VES system could be formulated with NaBr and CaCl2 brines for high-density fracturing fluid application.
Wettability Alteration of Carbonate Rock by Chelating Agents
Authors: Deng Xiao , Patil Shirish , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Shakil Syed Muhammad , Mahmoud Mohamed , Zhou Xianmin , Shalabi Emad Al , Hassan Anas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe two most important EOR mechanisms for oil-wet carbonate rock are IFT reduction and wettability alteration. By altering rock surface wettability, the resulting positive capillary pressure can help imbibe water and displace oil from the rock matrix. Researchers have studied the wettability alteration of materials covering surfactants, nanofluids, alkalis, salts, and so on. Chelating agents are found to alter carbonate rock wettability recently. This work aims at the wettability alteration and EOR production by three chelating agents in different salinity condition when used alone or combined with surfactants.Three commonly used chelating agents were studied. Indiana limestone and Guelph dolomite were selected to represent carbonate rocks. Rock samples were dipped in chelating agent solutions at different concentrations and salinity, in ambient and reservoir conditions. Differences in contact angle values due to the treatment reflect the wettability alteration performance. Mixtures of chelating agents and surfactants (VES AGA-97, gemini surfactant) were prepared and tested in the spontaneous imbibition study.Results show that all tested chelating agents could strongly alter the wettability of carbonate samples from oil-wet to water-wet at relatively low concentrations (~0.4 wt%). When salinity increased, however, higher concentrations were required. Salts showed different effects on the wettability alteration by DTPA. The negative effect lowered in the sequence: NaHCO3 &gt; Na2SO4 ≈ NaCl ≈ MgCl2. CaCl2 showed a positive effect, indicating enhanced performance in carbonate formations due to the abundant Ca2+ ions. A real-time contact angle study under reservoir conditions revealed that the oil drop decreased in diameter while increasing in height, indicating a higher tendency to be removed from the rock surface. The gemini surfactant + DTPA mixture has stronger wettability alteration potential. The VES + DTPA mixture has a stronger IFT reduction potential. The spontaneous imbibition results showed that for relatively tight carbonate rock, wettability alteration has a higher significance than IFT reduction.This study shows the outstanding wettability alteration performance of chelating agents, suggesting possible applications in oil-wet carbonate formations with high salinity. Besides, this study suggests that in low permeability formations, wettability alteration contributes more to oil recovery than IFT reduction.
Understanding Your Wells: Conventional Nodal Analysis; Not a Solution for Depleting Fields
Authors: Ahmed Hassaan , Mallah Sohail Ahmed , Anwar Muhammad Talha , Ali Muhammad , Ali Syed Dost , Javed Waqar Ali , Usman Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModeling fluid behavior using conventional nodal analysis software is a common practice in the oil and gas industry. However, understanding flow physics helps production engineers to understand the difference between predicted and actual flow behavior. This work presents a methodology applied to a depleting oil and gas field in northern Pakistan. The adopted approach not only helped to overcome vertical lift performance issues in the wellbore, but it also resulted in improved and sustained oil and gas production from the well. Based on these results, wells in the field with vertical lift performance issues were identified and evaluated using the analysis approach presented in this work.Basic petroleum engineering concepts are implemented using a multi-tier approach, and a proposal was outlined to understand the sluggish flow behavior from the well. The analysis approach characterizes the problem as "IPR dominated" or "VLP dominated" flow using the well's historical data and nodal analysis results, identifies the requirement for a new data set, and then operations are planned accordingly. During execution, coil tubing with memory gauges was deployed with a provision to simulate Coil Tubing Gas Lift (CTGL) with single point injection. This arrangement not only resulted in sustained production from the well, but it also provided leverage to gather bottomhole data corresponding to multiple flow parameters during sensitivity analysis.The workflow explains the physics behind oil and gas wells with sluggish liquid production and the inadequacy of conventional nodal analysis software in predicting production rates with certainty. The application of this workflow converted a "sick well" into a "sustained production well," which was previously ruled out for the implementation of ALS techniques during initial screening using conventional nodal analysis software.This novel approach highlighted the "domain of applicability" of conventional nodal analysis software and proposed a detailed workflow for artificial lift candidate selection. This workflow served as the blueprint for the overall evaluation of well productivity in depleting fields with VLP issues.
Micro Seepage Mechanism and Field Test of a New Dispersion System
Authors: Sun Zhe , Wang Xiujun , Xie Kun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the dispersion system is a novel developed flooding system. The oil displacement system consists of dispersion particles and its carrier fluid. According to its superior oil displacement mechanism, its field test has achieved remarkable oil increase effect.In this paper, basic properties, injectability and transport migration performance, micro seepage mechanism of the new dispersion system in pore throat is explored by using micro physical simulation and NMR technology. Furthermore, one of the successful field application case is analyzed.Results show that, the appearance of dispersion system is spherical particles. It has good expansion performance. With the increase of hydration time, its size increases, and the growth rate was fast. According to the injectability and transport migration performance evaluation results, it can provide guidance for field application scheme. By using NMR technology, its micro seepage mechanism is analyzed. Finally, the field trial of dispersion system conformance control technology has been applied widely. Good oil increment effect have been obtained, with the input-output ratio ranges from 2.33 to 14.37.By using different research methods, the micro seepage mechanism and field test of dispersion system is researched, which provide important technical support for enhancing oil recovery.
New Direction of Low-Concentration Surfactant Flooding in Low-Permeability Reservoir by Low Interfacial Tension But Weak Emulsifying Ability
Authors: Yuan Chengdong , Pu Wanfen , Cheremisin Alexey , Zhao Shuai , Tan Tao , Cheng Junfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterfacial tension (IFT) reduction, emulsification, and wettability alteration are three main mechanisms for surfactant flooding. In traditional concepts, researchers often connect low IFT with strong emulsifying ability and use microemulsion phase behavior test to choose surfactant systems. However, this is not always necessary, especially for low-permeability reservoir where microemulsion is unwanted due to its potential blocking risk. In this work, we present a new potential direction of low-concentration surfactant flooding.For low-permeability reservoir, microemulsion that may cause pore blocking is unwanted. Therefore, we try to develop special surfactant formulation with low concentration that can reduce IFT to 10-2 mN/m even ultra-low level and significantly alter wettability, but have a weak emulsifying ability under high temperature and high salinity conditions. IFT, emulsification, and contact angle measurements were performed to determine the surfactant formulation. Furthermore, microfluidic device was employed to investigate the mobilization and transport of residual oil to understand the pore-scale enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism and efficiency of such a surfactant system.For the special type surfactant, low IFT is not always accompanied by strong emulsifying ability. The anionic-nonionic surfactant was found to have this expected function that can significantly reduce IFT and alter wettability, but have a weak emulsifying ability. This can be accomplished by a low surfactant concentration, especially under high temperature and high salinity. We also found that low IFT always leads to a great alteration of wettabilty, but the reverse is not ture. In porous media, under low IFT condition, the surfactant system with a weak emulsifying ability can effectively displace residual oil, and oil drops could be easily mobilized and no blocking occurred even at narrow throat because of their high deformability. ‘Lateral stripping’ was found to be one of main mechanisms to mobilize oil films and the exterior oil of clusters. The coalescence of stripped oil and its stronger stripping ability to other residual oil plays an important role in EOR mechanism. The surfactant system reduced residual oil saturation from 18.14% (after waterflooding) to 1.28%.This work presents a new direction of low-concentration surfactant flooding by lowering IFT significantly without the generation of microemulsion, which not only enriches the theory of surfactant flooding, but also provides a great potential application of surfactant flooding in low-permeability reservoir. Simultaneously, this surfactant system can be used at high temperature and high salinity, which also expands the application of surfactant flooding for EOR in harsh reservoir conditions.
PENDIDIKAN DAMAI (PEACE EDUCATION) BAGI ANAK-ANAK KORBAN KONFLIK
Authors: Sukendar Sukendar 
Published: March 2023

The conflict is as natural of law (sunnatullah) that always there in the course of human life. So that conflicts do not lead to violence and social disaster, the conflicts need to be managed properly. Managing conflicts is not solely aimed at the cessation of conflict, or the signing of a peace agreement between the parties to the dispute. Over, conflict manage­ment must be followed by the management of post-conflict conditions. Among the efforts the condition of post-conflict is recovery of the affected populations, especially children who are the most vulnerable groups in a conflict. One remedy is to educate children affected by conflict through peace education. This needs to be done so that they are free from the trauma, did not carry a grudge in life, and capable of being a man who loves peace. This study will explore the efforts of peace education for children affected by conflict in the Latansa Islamic Boarding School, Cangkring, Karang­anyar, Demak.
BUDAYA PESANTREN DAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA PONDOK PESANTREN SALAF
Authors: Zuhriy M. Syaifuddien 
Published: March 2023

As part of the community, pesantren with typical of the main elements such as kiai, santri, mosque, cottage and classical instruction books (kitab kuning), has become its own subculture. Therefore, despite modernization and globalization invaded, pesantren can still maintain its existence. Further­more, many stakeholders indicated that the pesantren are educational institutions that can serve as a model of character education in Indonesia. How the strategies and patterns of character education by pesantren so as to create culture? What are these cultures? These are the two main questions are answered through qualitative research is in pesantren Langitan, Tuban and pesantren Ihyaul Ulum, Gilang.
PENGARUH ORIENTASI PEMBELAJARAN MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KOMITMEN TERHADAP KINERJA MADRASAH SWASTA
Authors: Hakim Lukman 
Published: March 2023

A combination of the research by Asatuan (2004) and Kiuk (2007), gave a model for empowerment to private institutions like madrasah to become qualified institutions that can take part in education development in order to educate people through learning orientation, motivation and commitment as well as to improve the performance of private madrasah. Applying the combination the two research scheme, this research aims to determine the influence of (1) orientation on performance of private madrasah, (2) motivation of working on performance of private madrasah, (3) commitment to the performance of the private madrasah. The results showed that (1) Learning orientation affect the performance of the private madrasah, (2) Motivation of working affected the performance of private madrasah, (3) Commitment affected to the performance of private madrasah.
PENDIDIKAN NONFORMAL DAN PENGURANGAN KEMISKINAN DI PEDESAAN
Authors: Tohani Entoh 
Published: March 2023

Non-formal education through life skills education has shown a positive contribution to poverty reduction in rural development efforts, although still requiring efforts to life skills education development. The research was conducted in Kulonprogo, and the District of Gunungkidul, with research and development approach on life skills education programs are being implemented in two districts e.i KWK Rabbits Livestock in Gunungkidul and KWD Hair Dressers in Kulonprogo. The results showed that: life skills education needs assessment in the two target groups were performed using the idea of life skills 4-H shows are not much different conditions, and based on the needs of the development, 4-H life skills education model developed with a focus on experience-based learning. Development of validated models show the results (output) is positive. Therefore, in the context of poverty reduction in 4-H PKH models should be developed more structured and integrative and guarantee all the life skills that are the focus of life skills development efforts to overcome poverty.
RINTISAN SEKOLAH BERSTANDAR INTERNASIONAL: ANTARA CITA DAN FAKTA
Authors: Ma’arif Syamsul 
Published: March 2023

This paper is the result of research on junior school of RSBI 2 Semarang. By using qualitative descriptive research methods and approaches case can be concluded that no other RSBI founding purpose is only to get to quality education in Indonesia and are able to compete at international level. Moreover, the fact that Indonesia is part of the life of a globalized world, it is in harmony with the global demands should be considered in order to have an accredited educational international. Where the quality of our educational institution recognized internationally. Indonesia does not need education “embarrassed” let alone to be arrogant in the face of the criteria used at the international level. Although in practice RSBI, faces a number of problems both economic, psychological, cultural and governance management.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM SURAT LUQMAN
Authors: Mukodi Mukodi 
Published: March 2023

The result of this study —library research— showed that the values of Islamic education are contained in the Holy Qur’an surah Luqman verses 12-19. There are at least three basic education, namely aqidah education, syari’ah education and character education. Aqidah education, there are two things: (1) prohibition of associating partners with Allah. Luqman al-Hakim himself had to prioritize monotheism education (tauhid) to his children, (2) believe in the place of hereafter. Luqman ordered his children to believe the reward of all his deeds. Especially retaliation for our gratitude to Him for every blessing and our sense of respect for both parents. Syari’ah Education, there are two things, namely a command set up prayer and amar ma‘rūf nahy munkar. Character education, which is the command to ingratitude towards Allah SWT. For all the blessings and grace of God, we should be grateful to Him.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ANAK SUKU KALANG
Authors: Elizabeth Misbah Zulfa 
Published: March 2023

This study with descriptive qualitative approach produces a fact that the context of education, the children of the Kalang community in general are also followed formal education, like other school children. They also received religious instruction as a compulsory subject. This of course has consequences for the possibility of cultural transformation through the instrument of education. Especially with religious education, the children of the Kalang community possible simultaneously and slowly will leave their teachings. Moreover, the nature of religious education itself is more of an orthodox religious values.