bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organotypic hippocampal culture model reveals differential responses to highly similar Zika virus isolates
Authors: Oliveira Marina da Silva , Cassiano Larissa Marcely Gomes , Pioline Jeanne , de Carvalho Ketyllen Reis Andrade , Salim Anna Christina de Matos , Alves Pedro Augusto , Fernandes Gabriel da Rocha , Machado Alexandre de Magalhães Vieira , Coimbra Roney Santos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an outbreak in Brazil, in 2015, being associated to microcephaly. ZIKV has a strong neurotropism leading to death of infected cells in different brain regions, including the hippocampus, a major site for neurogenesis. The neuronal populations of the brain are affected differently by ZIKV from Asian and African ancestral lineages. However, it remains to be investigated whether subtle variations in the ZIKV genome can impact hippocampus infection dynamics and host response.

Objective
This study evaluated how two Brazilian ZIKV isolates, PE243 and SPH2015, that differ in two specific missense amino acid substitutions, one in the NS1 protein and the other in the NS4A protein, affect the hippocampal phenotype and transcriptome.

Methods
Organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHC) from infant Wistar rats were infected with PE243 or SPH2015 and analyzed in time series using immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR.

Results
Unique patterns of infection and changes in neuronal density in the OHC were observed for PE243 and SPH2015 between 8 and 48 h post infection (p.i.). Phenotypic analysis of microglia indicated that SPH2015 has a greater capacity for immune evasion. Transcriptome analysis of OHC at 16 h p.i. disclosed 32 and 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to infection with PE243 and SPH2015, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that infection with SPH2015 activates mostly astrocytes rather than microglia. PE243 downregulated biological process of proliferation of brain cells and upregulated those associated with neuron death, while SPH2015 downregulated processes related to neuronal development. Both isolates downregulated cognitive and behavioral development processes. Ten genes were similarly regulated by both isolates. They are putative biomarkers of early hippocampus response to ZIKV infection. At 5, 7, and 10 days p.i., neuronal density of infected OHC remained below controls, and mature neurons of infected OHC showed an increase in the epigenetic mark H3K4me3, which is associated to a transcriptionally active state. This feature is more prominent in response to SPH2015.

Conclusion
Subtle genetic diversity of the ZIKV affects the dynamics of viral dissemination in the hippocampus and host response in the early stages of infection, which may lead to different long-term effects in neuronal population.
Renal disease and diabetes increase the risk of failed outpatient management of cellulitic hand infections: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Allen Michael , Gluck Joshua , Benson Emily 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Hand infections are heterogeneous, and some may undergo successful outpatient management. There are no strict guidelines for determining which patients will likely require inpatient admission for successful treatment, and many patients succeed with outpatient therapy. We sought to determine risk factors for failed outpatient management of cellulitic hand infections.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of patients who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) for hand cellulitic infections over five years, from 2014 to 2019. Vital signs, lab markers, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Elixhauser Comorbidity Measure (ECM), and antibiotic use were investigated. Discharge from the ED without subsequent admission was considered an outpatient success, while admission within 30 days of the prior visit was considered a failure. Continuous variables were compared with Welch's t test, and categorical data with Fisher's exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression was performed on comorbidities. Multiple testing adjustment was performed on p-values to generate q-values.

Results
Outpatient management was attempted for 1,193 patients. 31 (2.6%) infections failed treatment, and 1,162 (97.4%) infections succeeded. Attempted outpatient treatment was 97.4% successful. Multivariable analysis demonstrated higher odds of failure with renal failure according to both CCI (OR 10.2, p < 0.001, q = 0.002) and ECM (OR 12.63, p = 0.003, q = 0.01) and with diabetes with complications according to the CCI (OR 18.29, p = 0.021, q = 0.032).

Conclusions
Outpatient treatment failure was higher in patients with renal failure and complicated diabetes. These patients require a high index of suspicion for outpatient failure. These comorbidities should influence consideration for inpatient therapy though most patients can undergo successful treatment as outpatients.

Level of evidence
Level III.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials on surgical treatments for ingrown toenails part I: recurrence and relief of symptoms
Authors: Exley Victoria , Jones Katherine , O'Carroll Grace , Watson Judith , Backhouse Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIngrown toenails are a common nail pathology. When conservative treatments are ineffective, a surgical approach is often utilised. Despite recent narrative reviews, there is a need for an up‐to‐date and rigorous systematic review of surgical methods for treating ingrown toenails.MethodsFive databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and CENTRAL) and two registers (Clinicaltrials.gov and ISRCTN) were searched to January 2022 for randomised trials evaluating the effects of a surgical intervention(s) for ingrown toenails with a follow‐up of at least 1 month. Two independent reviewers screened records, extracted data, assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence.ResultsOf 3,928 records identified, 36 (3,756 participants; 62.7% males) surgical interventions were included in the systematic review and 31 studies in the meta‐analysis. There was very low quality evidence that using phenol with nail avulsion vs nail avulsion without phenol reduces the risk of recurrence (risk ratio [RR] 0.13 [95% CI 0.06 to 0.27],p < 0.001). No favourable effect was observed between chemical or surgical vs conservative management (0.55 [0.19 to 1.61],p = 0.280; 0.72 [0.33 to 1.56],p = 0.410), chemical or surgical vs other (e.g., CO2laser, electrocautery) (1.61 [0.88 to 2.95],p = 0.120; 0.58 [0.25 to 1.37],p = 0.220), chemical vs surgical (0.75 [0.46 to 1.21],p = 0.230), surgical vs surgical (0.42 [0.21 to 0.85]), chemical vs chemical (0.19 [0.01 to 3.80],p = 0.280), surgical vs surgical + chemical (3.68 [0.20 to 67.35],p = 0.380), chemical vs surgical + chemical (1.92 [0.06 to 62.30],p = 0.710), local anaesthetic vs local anaesthetic + adrenaline (1.03 [0.22 to 4.86],p = 0.970), chemical timings 30 s vs 60 s (2.00 [0.19 to 21.41]) or antibiotics vs no antibiotics (0.54 [0.12 to 2.52],p = 0.430). Central toenail resection was the only procedure to significantly relieve symptoms (p = 0.001) but data were only available up to 8 weeks post‐surgery.ConclusionDespite the high number of publications, the quality of research was poor and the conclusions that can be inferred from existing trials is limited. Phenolisation of the nail matrix appears to reduce the risk of recurrence following nail ablation, and with less certainty 1 min appears to be the optimum time for application. Despite this being a widely performed procedure there remains a lack of good quality evidence to guide practice.
Spatial and risk factor analyses of vector-borne pathogens among shelter dogs in the Eastern United States
Authors: Hazelrig Corinna M. , Gettings Jenna R. , Cleveland Christopher A. , Varela-Stokes Andrea , Majewska Ania A. , Hubbard Kris , Burton K. Wade , Yabsley Michael J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundVector-borne infections pose significant health risks to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in the United States may be infected with and serve as sentinel hosts for several zoonotic vector-borne pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the geographical distribution, risk factors, and co-infections associated with infection withEhrlichiaspp.,Anaplasmaspp.,Borrelia burgdorferi, andDirofilaria immitisin shelter dogs in the Eastern United States.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2020, blood samples from 3750 shelter dogs from 19 states were examined with IDEXX SNAP®4Dx®Plus tests to determine the seroprevalence of infection with tick-borne pathogens and infection withD. immitis. We assessed the impact of factors including age, sex, intact status, breed group, and location on infection using logistic regression.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence ofD. immitiswas 11.2% (n = 419/3750), the seroprevalence ofAnaplasmaspp. was 2.4% (n = 90/3750), the seroprevalence ofEhrlichiaspp. was 8.0% (n = 299/3750), and the seroprevalence ofB. burgdorferiwas 8.9% (n = 332/3750). Regional variation in seroprevalence was noted:D. immitis(17.4%,n = 355/2036) andEhrlichiaspp. (10.7%,n = 217/2036) were highest in the Southeast while seroprevalence forB. burgdorferi(19.3%,n = 143/740) andAnaplasmaspp. (5.7%,n = 42/740) were highest in the Northeast. Overall, 4.8% (n = 179/3750) of dogs had co-infections, the most common of which wereD. immitis/Ehrlichiaspp. (1.6%,n = 59/3750),B. burgdorferi/Anaplasmaspp. (1.5%,n = 55/3750), andB. burgdorferi/Ehrlichiaspp. (1.2%,n = 46/3750). Risk factors significantly influenced infection across the evaluated pathogens were location and breed group. All evaluated risk factors were significant for the seroprevalence ofD. immitisantigens.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a regionally variable risk of infection with vector-borne pathogens in shelter dogs throughout the Eastern United States, likely due to varying distributions of vectors. However, as many vectors are undergoing range expansions or other changes in distribution associated with climate and landscape change, continued vector-borne pathogen surveillance is important for maintaining reliable risk assessment.Graphical Abstract
The emerging studies on mesenchymal progenitors in the long bone
Authors: Shen Fangyuan , Huang Xiaobin , He Guangxu , Shi Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMesenchymal progenitors (MPs) are considered to play vital roles in bone development, growth, bone turnover, and repair. In recent years, benefiting from advanced approaches such as single-cell sequence, lineage tracing, flow cytometry, and transplantation, multiple MPs are identified and characterized in several locations of bone, including perichondrium, growth plate, periosteum, endosteum, trabecular bone, and stromal compartment. However, although great discoveries about skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and progenitors are present, it is still largely obscure how the varied landscape of MPs from different residing sites diversely contribute to the further differentiation of osteoblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and other stromal cells in their respective destiny sites during development and regeneration. Here we discuss recent findings on MPs’ origin, differentiation, and maintenance during long bone development and homeostasis, providing clues and models of how the MPs contribute to bone development and repair.
Three decades of research in substance use disorder treatment for syringe services program participants: a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Jakubowski Andrea , Fowler Sabrina , Fox Aaron D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Syringe services programs (SSPs) provide a spectrum of health services to people who use drugs, with many providing referral and linkage to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, and some offering co-located treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). The objective of this study was to review the evidence for SSPs as an entry point for SUD treatment with particular attention to co-located (onsite) MOUD.

Methods
We performed a scoping review of the literature on SUD treatment for SSP participants. Our initial query in PubMed led to title and abstract screening of 3587 articles, followed by full text review of 173, leading to a final total of 51 relevant articles. Most articles fell into four categories: (1) description of SSP participants’ SUD treatment utilization; (2) interventions to link SSP participants to SUD treatment; (3) post-linkage SUD treatment outcomes; (4) onsite MOUD at SSPs.

Results
SSP participation is associated with entering SUD treatment. Barriers to treatment entry for SSP participants include: use of stimulants, lack of health insurance, residing far from treatment programs, lack of available appointments, and work or childcare responsibilities. A small number of clinical trials demonstrate that two interventions (motivational enhancement therapy with financial incentives and strength-based case management) are effective for linking SSP participants to MOUD or any SUD treatment. SSP participants who initiate MOUD reduce their substance use, risk behaviors, and have moderate retention in treatment. An increasing number of SSPs across the United States offer onsite buprenorphine treatment, and a number of single-site studies demonstrate that patients who initiate buprenorphine treatment at SSPs reduce opioid use, risk behaviors, and have similar retention in treatment to patients in office-based treatment programs.

Conclusions
SSPs can successfully refer participants to SUD treatment and deliver onsite buprenorphine treatment. Future studies should explore strategies to optimize the implementation of onsite buprenorphine. Because linkage rates were suboptimal for methadone, offering onsite methadone treatment at SSPs may be an appealing solution, but would require changes in federal regulations. In tandem with continuing to develop onsite treatment capacity, funding should support evidence-based linkage interventions and increasing accessibility, availability, affordability and acceptability of SUD treatment programs.
Ambiguity in utopian XR-games
Authors: Höhl Wolfgang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUtopian images in XR-games are often ambiguous. How can ambiguity be consciously designed in virtual worlds? What are the design principles for game designers? Ambiguity arises from discontinuity and decontextualization, from the deliberate omission of facts, and from the skillful superimposition of contradictory codes. An ontology of interactive media explains the elusive visual poetry and image perception. The five basic elements of media are presented. The model shows the key correlations of user, content, and technology in image perception. An overview of utopian representation as a cross-media phenomenon places game design in an interdisciplinary context. Six selected computer-generated illustrations show how the above design criteria can be successfully applied to the design of virtual worlds. The ambiguous utopia of an image exists only in a brief, irretrievable moment of our own perception. But this moment is valuable for designing real visions for a better future.
“It’s a revolving door”: understanding the social determinants of mental health as experienced by formerly incarcerated people
Authors: Nishar Shivani , Brumfield Esteem , Mandal Shromona , Vanjani Rahul , Soske Jon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
This qualitative study seeks to understand how formerly incarcerated individuals in Rhode Island conceptualize their mental health and perceive obstacles to accessing and utilizing mental health services following recent incarceration.

Methods
We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews from 2021 to 2022 with 25 people who had been released from incarceration within the past five years. We identified participants using voluntary response and purposive sampling. We analyzed the data using a modified form of grounded theory developed to capitalize on insights drawn from the lived experience of research team members, including a team member with experience of incarceration, and refined initial findings with a community advisory board with lived experience of incarceration and/or mental health issues similar to the study’s sample.

Results
Participants overwhelmingly identified social determinants of health such as housing, employment, transport, and insurance coverage as the main obstacle to both accessing and maintaining engagement with mental health care. They also reported a level of opacity in the mental health system as they attempted to navigate it with limited systems literacy and support. Participants discussed alternative strategies that they employed when they believed formal mental health failed to meet their needs. Importantly, the majority of participants perceived a lack of empathy or understanding from their providers regarding the impact of SDOH on their mental health.

Conclusions
Despite growing efforts to address social determinants among formerly incarcerated people, the majority of participants believed that providers neither understood nor addressed these dimensions of their lives. Participants reported two social determinants of mental health that have not yet been adequately explored in the literature: mental health systems literacy and systems opacity. We offer some strategies for how behavioral health professionals can develop stronger relationships with this population.
Experimental investigation on grout propagation in poured aggregates for controlling water inrush in tunnels with flowing water
Authors: Sui Wanghua , Liu Zongyuan , Zhang Gailing , Mao Deguang , Li Ruijian , Liang Jinxi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the technology of blocking and grouting of has been widely used in the treatment of groundwater inrush in tunnels in China’s mines. Studies have been carried out on the aggregates pouring under hydrodynamic conditions; however, there is lack of studies of the grout propagation in the pouring aggregate mass, which formed in the earlier stage. This paper presents an experimental investigation of grout propagation in poured aggregates with flowing water, which focused on the second stage, i.e., the grouting stage, after the first stage of aggregates pouring in the salvage of an inundated underground tunnel.

Results
In this work, a visualized tunnel replica with flowing water was adopted to investigate the main effects of sealing efficiency, water pressure variation, propagation mechanism during grouting in the poured aggregates with different grain sizes and flowing water conditions. A series of experiments with orthogonal array design were carried out, and the propagation of cement/sodium silicate and the change characteristics of fluid pressure in the tunnel were obtained. The results show that the main effects on the sealing efficiency of grouting in poured aggregates with flowing water in a descending order is cement/sodium silicate ratio, relative density of aggregates, particle size distribution of aggregates, and final water pressure difference of both ends of aggregates segment. The cementation form of grouted aggregates has four types; T shape, H shape, O shape and shell shape. The main mode of grout propagation includes three types; permeation filling mode, compaction- permeation mode, and compaction-fracturing mode, which reflects the influence of grain size, density of aggregates and grouting pressure. The variation of water pressure can be divided into four categories; overall ascending type, step ascending type, concave type, and convex type. The curve type mainly depends on water pressure, water flowrate, relative density and grain size of aggregates, gel time, propagation mechanism of grout.

Conclusion
The flow rate after grouting has decreased by approximately 60% to 86% compared to that before grouting, bulk hydraulic conductivity decreased by more than 80%, reflecting a great improvement of the sealing efficiency in the grouting stage after the pouring stage. The research on grout propagation in different graded aggregate mass has guiding significance for the design and construction of a rapid disaster treatment after groundwater inrush.
Socioeconomic and attitudinal differences between service users of private and public early childhood education and care in the Finnish context
Authors: Ruutiainen Ville , Räikkönen Eija , Alasuutari Maarit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe marketisation and privatisation of welfare services such as early childhood education and care (ECEC) have been a global trend in recent decades. Earlier research suggests that market-based ECEC provision often leads to inequalities and stratification of service users. In Finland, as in other Nordic countries where provision of ECEC has traditionally been a public responsibility, ECEC services have also been undergoing marketisation and privatisation. Until now, especially in Finland, little has been known about service users of public and private ECEC or parental decisions between public and private ECEC. This study addresses that gap by showing that the clientele of private and public ECEC differ in their socioeconomic attitudinal characteristics. It appears that the combination of marketisation and privatisation of ECEC extends processes of educational and social distinction into the early childhood.
Effectiveness of a polyhexamethylene biguanide-containing wound cleansing solution using experimental biofilm models
Authors: Rippon Mark , Rogers Alan A , Westgate Samantha , Ousey Karen 
Published: June 2023

Objective:Antiseptics are widely used in wound management to prevent or treat wound infections, and have been shown to have antibiofilm efficacy. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)-containing wound cleansing and irrigation solution on model biofilm of pathogens known to cause wound infections compared with a number of other antimicrobial wound cleansing and irrigation solutions.Method:Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa single-species biofilms were cultured using microtitre plate and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biofilm reactor methods. Following a 24-hour incubation period, the biofilms were rinsed to remove planktonic microorganisms and then challenged with wound cleansing and irrigation solutions. Following incubation of the biofilms with a variety of concentrations of the test solutions (50%, 75% or 100%) for 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 minutes, remaining viable organisms from the treated biofilms were quantified.Results:The six antimicrobial wound cleansing and irrigation solutions used were all effective in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus biofilm bacteria in both test models. However, the results were more variable for the more tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Only one of the six solutions (sea salt and oxychlorite/NaOCl-containing solution) was able to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm using the microtitre plate assay. Of the six solutions, three (a solution containing PHMB and poloxamer 188 surfactant, a solution containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and a solution containing NaOCl/HOCl) showed increasing levels of eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm microorganisms with increasing concentration and exposure time. Using the CDC biofilm reactor model, all six cleansing and irrigation solutions, except for the solution containing HOCl, were able to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms such that no viable microorganisms were recovered.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that a PHMB-containing wound cleansing and irrigation solution was as effective as other antimicrobial wound irrigation solutions for antibiofilm efficacy. Together with the low toxicity, good safety profile and absence of any reported acquisition of bacterial resistance to PHMB, the antibiofilm effectiveness data support the alignment of this cleansing and irrigation solution with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies.