bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopsy Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease Using a Single Excisional Biopsy Based on the Anorectal Line
Authors: Takeda Masahiro , Ochi Takanori , Koga Hiroyuki , Tsuboi Koichi , Arakawa Atsushi , Lane Geoffrey J. , Yamataka Atsuyuki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction A biopsy protocol for diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in children using the anorectal line (ARL).
Materials and Methods The ARL was adopted for diagnosing HD in 2016 using two excisional submucosal rectal biopsies performed at different levels, sequentially; the first just above the ARL and the second, further proximal (2-ARL). Currently, only the first-level biopsy is performed (1-ARL) and examined intraoperatively. Management was observation if normoganglionic, pull-through if aganglionic, and a second-level biopsy if hypoganglionic. Hypoganglionosis was considered physiologic if the second-level biopsy was normoganglionic and pathologic if hypoganglionic. Colon caliber change and bowel obstructive symptoms reflect the severity of hypoganglionosis.
Results For 2-ARL (n = 54), results were: normoganglionosis (n = 31/54; 57.4%), aganglionosis (n = 19/54; 35.2%), and hypoganglionosis (n = 4/54; 7.4%); physiologic (n = 3/54; 5.6%) and pathologic (n = 1/54; 1.9%). Normoganglionosis and aganglionosis were always duplicated in 2-ARL (kappa = 1.0). For 1-ARL (n = 36), results were: normoganglionosis (n = 17/36; 47.2%), aganglionosis (n = 17/36; 47.2%), and hypoganglionosis (n = 2/36; 5.6%). Second-level biopsies were normoganglionic (physiologic: n = 1) and hypoganglionic (pathologic: n = 1). All normoganglionic cases, except one, resolved conservatively. All aganglionic cases had pull-through with HD confirmed on histopathology. Both pathologic hypoganglionic cases had caliber change and severe obstructive symptoms as definitive indications for pull-through with hypoganglionosis of the entire rectum confirmed on histopathology. Physiologic hypoganglionic cases were observed and currently have regular defecation.
Conclusion Because the ARL is an objective functional, neurologic, and anatomic demarcation, normoganglionosis and aganglionosis can be diagnosed accurately with a single excisional biopsy. Only hypoganglionosis requires a second-level biopsy.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Access to Education and Social Participation in Children and Adolescents with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Switzerland
Authors: Henzi Bettina C. , Baumann Dominique , Erni Sarah J. , Lötscher Nadine , Tscherter Anne , Klein Andrea ,   on behalf of the Swiss-Reg-NMD Group
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo-thirds of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have cognitive and neuropsychiatric problems. Concerning their quality of life, negative factors are the lack of qualifying education and social participation in sporting and leisure activities. Adapted assistance in education and participation in social life are thus important. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the pediatric population was less severely impacted by the disease, but by the restrictions associated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic regarding access to education and social participation for young patients with DMD in Switzerland. We conducted a survey study from May to August 2021 assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to education and social participation in 8 to 18 years old patients with DMD in Switzerland. Of 60 sent surveys, 40 were returned and included. Mean age of participants was 13.5 years (±3.1 standard deviation); 23/40 of the participants were wheelchair bound, 21/40 attended a special school, and 19/40 a regular school. Of the 22/40 participants receiving assistance at school, 7/40 reported a change caused by the pandemic: for 5/7, the assistance was paused. Of the 12 boys and adolescents attending sporting activities, 10 had to suspend these. Nine attended other leisure activities; for 3/9, these activities were paused. The COVID-19 pandemic had direct effects on school assistance, sporting, and leisure activities in young patients with DMD in Switzerland. It is important to ensure that school assistance and leisure activities are rapidly resumed.
Comparative enteric-methane emissions of dairy farms in northern Victoria, Australia
Authors: Munidasa Sineka , Cullen Brendan , Eckard Richard , Talukder Saranika , Barnes Lachlan , Cheng Long 
Published: March 2023

Context Enteric methane (CH4) is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) in agriculture, which needs to be reduced. A variety of feeding systems for dairy production is being used in south-eastern Australia, but there are few studies that compare CH4 emissions and emission intensity (EI) of milk production across these systems. Aims The objective was to estimate the lactating cows’ enteric-CH4 emissions, EI and their seasonal changes, across different feeding systems in northern Victoria, Australia. Methods A Tier 2 inventory methodology was used to estimate the enteric-CH4 emissions and EI. Four case-study farms were selected to represent a range of feeding systems, Farms A, B, C and D were categorised as System 4–5 (hybrid–total mixed ration system), System 4 (hybrid system), System 2 (moderate–high bail system) and System 2 respectively. Monthly feed, animal and production data were sourced from June 2019 to May 2020. Key results Average enteric-CH4 emissions of Farms A and B (13.1 and 12.9 kg CO2e/head.day respectively) were greater than those of Farms C and D (11.7 and 11.6 kg CO2e/head.day respectively). Furthermore, CH4 EI was greater in Farms C and D (0.49 and 0.48 CO2-e kg/kg fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) respectively) and it was lower in both Farms A and B (0.46 CO2-e kg/kg FPCM). Overall, Farms A and B using Feeding-system 4–5 with greater-producing cows produced more CH4 but with less CH4 EI than did the Farms C and D, which are mainly pasture-based. Conclusions These findings suggest that to reduce CH4 EI requires a move towards Feeding-system 4–5. However, on the basis of the results of the current study, pasture-based systems have an advantage over hybrid/total mixed ration feeding systems, as these farms have lower absolute CH4 emissions, which helps address climate change. Implications Estimation of CH4 emissions, EI and seasonal changes in them gives farmers the opportunity to identify the mitigation strategies and plan specific strategies that fit the particular feeding system and season. However, more research needs to be conducted to check the feasibility of doing this.
Oceanographic connectivity explains the intra-specific diversity of mangrove forests at global scales
Authors: Gouvêa Lidiane P. , Fragkopoulou Eliza , Cavanaugh Kyle , Serrão Ester A. , Araújo Miguel B. , Costello Mark John , Westergerling E. H. Taraneh , Assis Jorge 
Published: March 2023

The distribution of mangrove intra-specific biodiversity can be structured by historical demographic processes that enhance or limit effective population sizes. Oceanographic connectivity (OC) may further structure intra-specific biodiversity by preserving or diluting the genetic signatures of historical changes. Despite its relevance for biogeography and evolution, the role of oceanographic connectivity in structuring the distribution of mangrove’s genetic diversity has not been addressed at global scale. Here we ask whether connectivity mediated by ocean currents explains the intra-specific diversity of mangroves. A comprehensive dataset of population genetic differentiation was compiled from the literature. Multigenerational connectivity and population centrality indices were estimated with biophysical modeling coupled with network analyses. The variability explained in genetic differentiation was tested with competitive regression models built upon classical isolation-by-distance (IBD) models considering geographic distance. We show that oceanographic connectivity can explain the genetic differentiation of mangrove populations regardless of the species, region, and genetic marker (significant regression models in 95% of cases, with an average R-square of 0.44 ± 0.23 and Person’s correlation of 0.65 ± 0.17), systematically improving IBD models. Centrality indices, providing information on important stepping-stone sites between biogeographic regions, were also important in explaining differentiation (R-square improvement of 0.06 ± 0.07, up to 0.42). We further show that ocean currents produce skewed dispersal kernels for mangroves, highlighting the role of rare long-distance dispersal events responsible for historical settlements. Overall, we demonstrate the role of oceanographic connectivity in structuring mangrove intra-specific diversity. Our findings are critical for mangroves’ biogeography and evolution, but also for management strategies considering climate change and genetic biodiversity conservation.
A DNA damage–induced phosphorylation circuit enhances Mec1
ATR
Ddc2
ATRIP
recruitment to Replication Protein A
Authors: Yates Luke A. , Tannous Elias A. , Morgan R. Marc , Burgers Peter M. , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2023

The cell cycle checkpoint kinase Mec1
ATR
and its integral partner Ddc2
ATRIP
are vital for the DNA damage and replication stress response. Mec1–Ddc2 “senses” single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by being recruited to the ssDNA binding Replication Protein A (RPA) via Ddc2. In this study, we show that a DNA damage–induced phosphorylation circuit modulates checkpoint recruitment and function. We demonstrate that Ddc2–RPA interactions modulate the association between RPA and ssDNA and that Rfa1-phosphorylation aids in the further recruitment of Mec1–Ddc2. We also uncover an underappreciated role for Ddc2 phosphorylation that enhances its recruitment to RPA-ssDNA that is important for the DNA damage checkpoint in yeast. The crystal structure of a phosphorylated Ddc2 peptide in complex with its RPA interaction domain provides molecular details of how checkpoint recruitment is enhanced, which involves Zn
2+
. Using electron microscopy and structural modeling approaches, we propose that Mec1–Ddc2 complexes can form higher order assemblies with RPA when Ddc2 is phosphorylated. Together, our results provide insight into Mec1 recruitment and suggest that formation of supramolecular complexes of RPA and Mec1–Ddc2, modulated by phosphorylation, would allow for rapid clustering of damage foci to promote checkpoint signaling.
New Englishes and Conversation Analysis
Authors: Neumaier Theresa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study assesses the potential of using conversation analytic methodology to investigate syntactic variation in New Englishes. It analyses transcripts and audio files of face-to-face interactions between speakers of Caribbean and Southeast Asian Englishes and illustrates how syntax provides essential clues allowing interactants to project upcoming places of speaker change. Current speakers might adapt their turns underway to avoid transition to a next speaker, but speaker groups differ when it comes to which syntactic constructions they prefer in this context. As these interactional preferences seem to correlate with linguistic preferences (such as a high frequency of topicalization), the present study suggests that they constitute a case of emergent grammar, and hence should be considered a factor in investigating syntactic variation.
Quantum process tomography of the single-shot entangling gate with superconducting qubits
Authors: Sakhouf Hamid , Daoud Mohammed , Ahl Laamara Rachid 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A single-shot entangling gate plays a crucial role in quantum information processing due to its high fidelity. This operation gate is fast to create a maximally entangled state and forms a universal gate set for quantum computing. Currently, the preparation and demonstration of multi-qubit entanglement are achieved based on sequences of single- and two-qubit operations, yielding lower fidelity and requiring longer execution time. Here, we demonstrate by numerically simulating the use of quantum process tomography to fully characterize the performance of a single-shot three-qubit entangling gate. This gate is used to create a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger entangled state in Sakhouf et al (2021 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
54 175501), directly generated by three transmon-type superconducting qubits which are mediated by a resonator with the assistance of a microwave field. Comparing ideal and simulated quantum process tomography, we characterize the entangling gate performance by calculating the mean fidelity achieving a high value

≻

0.93

.
Local dielectric function of hBN-encapsulated WS2 flakes grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Ferrera Marzia , Sharma Apoorva , Milekhin Ilya , Pan Yang , Convertino Domenica , Pace Simona , Orlandini Giorgio , Peci Ermes , Ramò Lorenzo , Magnozzi Michele , Coletti Camilla , Salvan Georgeta , Zahn Dietrich R T , Canepa Maurizio , Bisio Francesco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), sometimes referred to as white graphene, receives growing interest in the scientific community, especially when combined into van der Waals (vdW) homo- and heterostacks, in which novel and interesting phenomena may arise. hBN is also commonly used in combination with two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The realization of hBN-encapsulated TMDC homo- and heterostacks can indeed offer opportunities to investigate and compare TMDC excitonic properties in various stacking configurations. In this work, we investigate the optical response at the micrometric scale of mono- and homo-bilayer WS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition and encapsulated between two single layers of hBN. Imaging spectroscopic ellipsometry is exploited to extract the local dielectric functions across one single WS2 flake and detect the evolution of excitonic spectral features from monolayer to bilayer regions. Exciton energies undergo a redshift by passing from hBN-encapsulated single layer to homo-bilayer WS2, as also confirmed by photoluminescence spectra. Our results can provide a reference for the study of the dielectric properties of more complex systems where hBN is combined with other 2D vdW materials into heterostructures and are stimulating towards the investigation of the optical response of other technologically-relevant heterostacks.
Time evolution of electron distributions to bimodal steady states for electrons dilutely dispersed in theinert gases Ar, Kr, and Xe with deep Ramsauer Townsend minima in themomentum transfer cross section
Authors: Huang Yin , Shizgal Bernard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The current paper considers the thermalization of an ensemble of electrons under the influence of an external electric field and dilutely dispersed in one of the inert gas moderators, Argon, Krypton or Xenon for which the electron momentum transfer cross sections have deep Ramsauer-Townsend minima. As a consequence, the steady state electron distribution functions are bimodal over a small range of external electric field strengths. The current work is directed towards the time evolution of the electron distribution function determined from the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. The kinetic theory of electrons dilutely dispersed in a heat bath of atoms at temperature T

b
has a very long history. The solution of the Fokker-Planck equation can be expressed as a sum of exponentials of the form

e

−

λ

n

t

where λ

n
are the eigenvalues of the Fokker-Planck operator. Alternatively, a finite difference algorithm is used to solve the time dependent Fokker-Planck equation to give the time dependent electron energy distribution function. We demonstrate the evolution of the initial Maxwellian into a nonequilibrium bimodal distribution which cannot be rationalized with either the Gibbs-Boltzmann entropy or the Tsallis nonextensive entropy. Instead, the time dependent approach of an initial Maxwellian to the bimodal distribution is described in terms of the Kullback-Leibler entropy. We also demonstrate the inapplicability of the Boltzmann entropy nor the Tsallis entropy for a model system with a power law momentum transfer cross section of the form, σ(x) = σ
0/x

p
, where

x
=

m

e

v

2

/

2

k

B

T

b

is the reduced speed. This model with p = 2 is also employed to demonstrate a steady-state Kappa distribution which features prominently in space physics and other fields. For p > 2, we show distribution functions that increase without bound analogous to runaway electrons. The steady nonequilibrium distributions are interpreted as solutions of a Pearson ordinary differential equation.
W-boson mass anomaly from a general SU(2)
L
scalar multiplet*
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Huang Da , Geng Chao-Qiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We explain the W-boson mass anomaly by introducing an

scalar multiplet with general isospin and hypercharge {in the case without its vacuum expectation value}. It is shown that the dominant contribution from the scalar multiplet to the W-boson mass arises at the one-loop level, which can be expressed in terms of the electroweak (EW) oblique parameters T and S at leading order. We first rederive the general formulae of T and S induced by a scalar multiplet of EW charges, confirming the results in literature. We then study several specific examples of great phenomenological interest by applying these general expressions. As a result, it is found that the model with a scalar multiplet in an

real representation with

cannot generate the required

correction because it leads to vanishing values of T and S. However, the cases with scalars in a complex representation under

with a general hypercharge can explain the

excess observed by CDF-II owing to nonzero T and S. We further consider the strong constraints from the perturbativity and EW global fit of the precision data and vary the isospin representation and hypercharge of the additional scalar multiplet to assess the extent of the model to solve the W-boson mass anomaly. It turns out that these constraints play important roles in setting limits on the model parameter space. We also briefly describe the collider signatures of the extra scalar multiplet, especially when it contains long-lived, heavy, highly charged states.
Speckle-interferometric Study of Close Visual Binary System HIP 11253 (HD 14874) using Gaia (DR2 and EDR3)
Authors: Aljboor Hussam , Taani Ali 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a comprehensive set of physical and geometrical parameters for each of the components of the close visual binary system HIP 11253 (HD 14874). We present an analysis for the binary and multiple stellar systems with the aim to obtain a match between the overall observational spectral energy distribution of the system and the spectral synthesis created from model atmospheres using Al-Wardat's method for analyzing binary and multiple stellar systems. The epoch positions are used to determine the orbital parameters and the total mass. The parameters of both components are derived as:

T

eff

a

=
6025

,

T

eff

b

=
4710

, logga = 4.55, loggb = 4.60, R
a = 1.125 R
⊙, R
b = 0.88 R
⊙, L
a = 1.849 L
⊙, L
b = 0.342 L
⊙. Our analysis shows that the spectral types of the components are F9 and K3. By combining the orbital solution with the parallax measurements of Gaia DR2 and EDR3, we estimate the individual masses using the H-R diagram as M
a = 1.09 M
⊙ and M
b = 0.59 M
⊙ for using Gaia DR2 parallax and M
a = 1.10 M
⊙ and M
b = 0.61 M
⊙ for using Gaia EDR3 parallax. Finally, the location of both system's components on the stellar evolutionary tracks is presented.
Leggett–Garg inequality in Markovian quantum dynamics: role of temporal sequencing of coupling to bath
Authors: Ghosh Sayan , Varma Anant V , Das Sourin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study Leggett–Garg inequalities (LGIs) for a two level system (TLS) undergoing Markovian dynamics described by unital maps. We first find the analytic expression of LG parameter K
3 (simplest variant of LGIs) in terms of the parameters of two distinct unital maps representing time evolution for intervals: t
1 to t
2 and t
2 to t
3. We then show that the maximum violation of LGI for all possible unital maps can never exceed well known Lüders bound of

K

3

L

u
¨

d
e
r
s

=
3

/

2

over the full parameter space. We further show that if the map for the time interval t
1 to t
2 is non-unitary unital then irrespective of the choice of the map for interval t
2 to t
3 we can never reach Lüders bound. On the other hand, if the measurement operator eigenstates remain pure upon evolution from t
1 to t
2, then depending on the degree of decoherence induced by the unital map for the interval t
2 to t
3 we may or may not obtain Lüders bound. Specifically, we find that if the unital map for interval t
2 to t
3 leads to the shrinking of the Bloch vector beyond half of its unit length, then achieving the bound

K

3

L

u
¨

d
e
r
s

is not possible. Hence our findings not only establish a threshold for decoherence which will allow for

K

3

=

K

3

L

u
¨

d
e
r
s

, but also demonstrate the importance of temporal sequencing of the exposure of a TLS to Markovian baths in obtaining Lüders bound.
Eight-year longitudinal falls trajectories and associations with modifiable risk factors: evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: Hartley Peter , Forsyth Faye , O’Halloran Aisling , Kenny Rose Anne , Romero-Ortuno Roman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe label ‘faller’ and the associated stigma may reduce healthcare-seeking behaviours. However, falls are not inevitably progressive and many drivers are modifiable. This observational study described the 8-year longitudinal trajectories of self-reported falls in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) and studied associations with factors, including mobility, cognition, orthostatic hypotension (OH), fear of falling (FOF) and use of antihypertensive and antidepressant medications.MethodsParticipants aged ≥50 years at each wave were categorised by whether they averaged ≥2 falls in the previous year (recurrent fallers) or not (≤1 fall). Next-wave transition probabilities were estimated with multi-state models.Results8,157 (54.2% female) participants were included, of whom 586 reported ≥2 falls at Wave 1. Those reporting ≥2 falls in the past year had a 63% probability of moving to the more favourable state of ≤1 fall. Those reporting ≤1 fall had a 2% probability of transitioning to ≥2 falls. Besides older age and higher number of chronic conditions, factors that increased the risk of transitioning from ≤1 fall to ≥2 falls were lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, FOF and taking antidepressants. Conversely, male sex, higher timed up and go time, the presence of OH and being on antidepressants reduced the probability of improving from ≥2 falls to ≤1 fall.ConclusionThe majority of recurrent fallers experienced favourable transitions. Improvements in cognitive and psychological status, psychotropic prescribing, mobility and OH may help improve trajectories. Findings may help combat stigma associated with falling and promote preventative healthcare-seeking behaviours.