bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ustekinumab improves health‐related quality of life in patients with moderate‐to‐severe Crohn's disease: Results up to Week 104 of the STARDUST trial
Authors: Panés Julian , Vermeire Séverine , D'Haens Geert R. , Danese Silvio , Magro Fernando , Nazar Maciej , Le Bars Manuela , Lahaye Marjolein , Ni Lioudmila , Bravatà Ivana , Gaya Daniel R. , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Dignass Axel ,   the STARDUST study group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSTARDUST is a phase 3b randomized controlled trial comparing two ustekinumab treatment strategies in patients with Crohn's disease (CD): treat‐to‐target (T2T) versus standard of care (SoC).ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of a T2T or SoC ustekinumab treatment strategy on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) over a 2‐year follow‐up period.MethodsAt Week 16, adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe active CD were randomized 1:1 to either T2T or SoC treatment groups. We assessed changes from baseline in HRQoL measures (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [IBDQ], EuroQoL 5‐dimension 5‐level [visual analogue scale and index], Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Anxiety and ‐Depression) and the WPAI questionnaire in two patient populations: randomized analysis set (RAS, patients randomized to either T2T or SoC at Week 16 and completed Week 48) and modified RAS (mRAS, patients who entered the long‐term extension [LTE] period at Week 48).ResultsAt Week 16, 440 patients were randomized to T2T (n = 219) or SoC (n = 221) arms; 366 patients completed Week 48. Of these, 323 patients entered the LTE and 258 patients completed 104 weeks of treatment. In the RAS population, percentages of patients achieving IBDQ response and remission were not significantly different between treatment arms at Weeks 16 and 48. In the overall mRAS population, IBDQ response and remission increased over time from Weeks 16–104. In both populations, improvements from baseline in all HRQoL measurements were observed at Week 16 and maintained until either Week 48 or Week 104, respectively. In both populations, improvements from baseline in T2T and SoC arms at Weeks 16, 48 or 104 in WPAI domains were observed.ConclusionIndependent of treatment strategy (T2T or SoC), ustekinumab was effective in improving HRQoL measurements and WPAI over a period of 2 years.
Noncovalent PEGylation of protein and peptide therapeutics
Authors: Andrianov Alexander K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClinical applications of protein therapeutics—an advanced generation of drugs characterized by high biological specificity—are rapidly expanding. However, their development is often impeded by unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles and largely relies on the use of drug delivery systems to prolong their in vivo half‐life and suppress undesirable immunogenicity. Although a commercially established PEGylation technology based on protein conjugation with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)—protective steric shield resolves some of the challenges, the search for alternatives continues. Noncovalent PEGylation, which mainly relies on multivalent (cooperative) interactions and high affinity (host–guest) complexes formed between protein and PEG offers a number of potential advantages. Among them are dynamic or reversible protection of the protein with minimal loss of biological activity, drastically lower manufacturing costs, “mix‐and‐match” formulations approaches, and expanded scope of PEGylation targets. While a great number of innovative chemical approaches have been proposed in recent years, the ability to effectively control the stability of noncovalently assembled protein–PEG complexes under physiological conditions presents a serious challenge for the commercial development of the technology. In an attempt to identify critical factors affecting pharmacological behavior of noncovalently linked complexes, this Review follows a hierarchical analysis of various experimental techniques and resulting supramolecular architectures. The importance of in vivo administration routes, degradation patterns of PEGylating agents, and a multitude of potential exchange reactions with constituents of physiological compartments are highlighted.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Worum handelt es sich bei Tianxia?
Authors: Zhao Tingyang 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungTianxia ist nicht nur ein Konzept. Es empfiehlt sich zugleich als Methodologie zur Analyse von Weltpolitik. Salvatore Babones widmet sich in seinem Werk American Tianxia der gegenwärtigen Weltpolitik mithilfe des Tianxia, indem er die Auffassung vertritt, dass die zukünftige Welt ein Tianxia-System sein muss. Aber für ihn besteht Konkurrenz zwischen einem „US-amerikanischen“ und einem „chinesischen“ Modell des Tianxia, wobei das US-amerikanische dem chinesischen überlegen sein sollte. In diesem Aufsatz wird auf die von Babones aufgeworfenen Fragen eingegangen und es werden die Wesensmerkmale des Tianxia analysiert. Die grundlegenden Prinzipien des Tianxia bestehen in einer Ontologie der Koexistenz und einer relationalen Rationalität. Nimmt man die technologischen Voraussetzungen einer künftigen Welt ins Visier, so entsprechen ausschließlich die relationale Rationalität und das Modell der Koexistenzialität der Zukunftstechnologie, die auf der Vernetzung alles Seiendem basiert.
Schatten des Universalismus: Die unerzählte Geschichte der Menschenrechte um 1948
Authors: Liu Lydia H. 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag setzt sich mit den von Philosophen und Rechtsexperten nach dem 2. Weltkrieg geführten Diskussionen auseinander, die schließlich zur Ausarbeitung der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte führten. Die komplexen Abläufe werden aufgezeigt, bei denen zwischen hochrangigen Vertretern aus verschiedenen Kulturen um das Verständnis des Universalismus gerungen wurde und Positionen des vom Westen vorgegebenen Narrativs hinterfragt wurden.
Kulturdiplomatie und kulturelles Erbe Das Wirken des Ostasien-Instituts als Beispiel zwischengesellschaftlichen Kulturaustausches
Authors: Perkuhn Josie-Marie 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag widmet sich den globalen Herausforderungen für die deutsch-chinesischen Kulturbeziehungen anhand der Teilaspekte Kulturdiplomatie und kulturelles Erbe. Die Idee einer dezentralen und zwischengesellschaftlichen Kulturdiplomatie wird am Beispiel des Wirkens des in Bonn ansässigen Vereins Ostasien-Institut e. V. (OAI) dargestellt. Seit 50 Jahren leistet das OAI einen aktiven Beitrag zum grenzüberschreitenden Kulturaustausch. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf dem wissenschaftlichen Dialog zum chinesischen Sozialreformer der 4.-Mai-Bewegung und späteren Musikwissenschaftler Wang Guangqi, der im frühen 20. Jahrhundert zum Studium China verließ und nach Deutschland aufbrach. Sein Leben und Werk liefern seither Anknüpfungspunkte für einen mit dem Zeitgeist fortschreitenden Austausch, wie der deutsch-chinesische Wissenschaftsaustausch widerspiegelt.
Schauen. Erfahren. Vertiefen. Vermittlung von China-Kompetenz an einer deutsch-chinesischen Kultur- und Bildungsinstitution
Authors: Cai Lin , Grieß Bettina 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungKonfuzius-Institute als staatliche chinesische Kultur- und Bildungsinstitutionen haben zwar einen allgemeinen Auftrag. Jedes Institut bestimmt jedoch durch die von seinen Partnerinstitutionen eingesetzten Gremien die eigenen individuellen Strategien, Schwerpunkte, Zielsetzungen und schließlich die Programmplanung. Dies geschieht in einem intensiven Austausch zwischen chinesischen und deutschen Mitarbeiter*innen. Der Beitrag schildert den Profilbildungsprozess des Leibniz-Konfuzius-Instituts Hannover und erläutert anhand konkreter Beispiele, wie kulturelle Bildung und Chinakompetenzvermittlung in einer deutsch-chinesischen Einrichtung erfolgt.
Precision phenomenology with fiducial cross sections in the triple-differential Drell-Yan process
Authors: Gehrmann-De Ridder A. , Gehrmann T. , Glover E. W. N. , Huss A. , Preuss C. T. , Walker D. M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The production of lepton pairs (Drell-Yan process) at the LHC is being measured to high precision, enabling the extraction of distributions that are triply differential in the di-lepton mass and rapidity as well as in the scattering angle described by the leptons. The measurements are performed for a fiducial phase space, defined by cuts on the individual lepton momenta and rapidities. Based on the ATLAS triple-differential Drell-Yan measurement at 8 TeV, we perform a detailed investigation of the phenomenology of this process based on state-of-the-art perturbative predictions in QCD and the electroweak theory. Our results demonstrate the highly non-trivial interplay between measurement variables and fiducial cuts, which leads to forbidden regions at Born level, and induces sensitivity on extra particle emissions from higher perturbative orders. We also investigate the sensitivity of the measurement on parton distributions and electroweak parameters. We derive Standard-Model theory predictions which combine NNLO QCD and NLO EW corrections and include partial N3LO QCD as well as higher-order EW corrections where appropriate. Our results will enable the use of the triple-differential Drell-Yan data in a precise experimental determination of the weak mixing angle.
Slowly rotating black holes in quartic generalized quasi-topological gravity
Authors: Marks Gareth Arturo , Mann Robert B. , Sheppard Damian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study slowly rotating black hole solutions in the six independent theories of Quartic Generalized Quasi-topological Gravity in four dimensions. Unlike in the static case for which all six theories yield the same solution, for rotating black holes we obtain distinct results for five out of the six theories. Working to leading order in the rotation parameter, we find that the equations characterizing these black holes can be reduced to second order for each theory, similar to what has already been done for Einstein Cubic Gravity. We construct approximate and numerical solutions to these equations, and study how physical properties of the solutions such as the angular velocity, photon sphere, black hole shadow, and innermost stable circular orbit are modified, working to leading order in the coupling constant.
Anomalous dimensions from soft Regge constants
Authors: Moult Ian , Raman Sanjay , Ridgway Gregory , Stewart Iain W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Using an effective field theory (EFT) formalism for forward scattering, we reconsider the factorization of 2 → 2 scattering amplitudes in the Regge limit. Expanding the amplitude in gauge invariant operators labelled by the number of Glauber exchanges, allows us to further factorize the standard impact factors into separate collinear and soft functions. The soft functions are universal, and describe radiative corrections to the Reggeized gluon states exchanged by the collinear projectiles. Remarkably, we find that the one-loop soft function for the single Reggeized gluon state is given to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ϵ) in terms of the two-loop cusp and two-loop rapidity anomalous dimensions. We argue that this iterative structure follows from the simple action of crossing symmetry in the forward scattering limit, which in the EFT allows us to replace the divergent part of a soft loop by a much simpler Glauber loop. We use this correspondence to provide a simple calculation of the two-loop Regge trajectory using the EFT. We then explore its implications at higher perturbative orders, and derive the maximally matter dependent contributions to the Regge trajectory to all loop orders, i.e. the terms $$ \sim {\alpha}_s^{k+1}{n}_f^k $$
∼

α
s

k
+
1

n
f
k

for any k, where nf is the number of massless flavors. These simplifications suggests that the EFT approach to the Regge limit will be helpful to explore and further understand the structure of the Regge limit.
Gründe für allergologische Diagnostik und deren Ergebnisse im Kontext von COVID-19-Vakzinierungen
Authors: Leonidou Floruß Eleni , Demidova Anastasiia , Hofmann Silke C. , Balakirski Galina 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Um der COVID-19-Pandemie entgegenzuwirken, wurden seit Dezember 2020 mehrere SARS-CoV-2-Impfstoffe zugelassen. Kurz nach Beginn der Impfkampagnen wurden einzelne allergische Reaktionen nach Vakzination beschrieben, was zu Unsicherheit vieler Patienten mit positiver allergologischer Anamnese geführt hat. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zu erfassen, welche anamnestischen Ereignisse als Anlass für eine allergologische Abklärung vor COVID-19-Impfung dienten und welche Ergebnisse die entsprechende allergologische Diagnostik geliefert hat.

Methoden
Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Datenanalyse aller Patienten, die sich während der Jahre 2021 und 2022 im Zentrum für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Dermatochirurgie des Helios Universitätsklinikums Wuppertal zur allergologischen Beratung oder Abklärung vor COVID-19-Vakzinierung vorstellten. Es wurden demografische Daten, allergologische Anamnese, Anlass der Konsultation in der Klinik und Ergebnisse allergologischer Diagnostik inklusive eventueller Reaktionen nach durchgeführter Impfung erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt stellten sich 93 Patienten zur allergologischen Abklärung in Bezug auf COVID-19-Vakzine vor. In etwa der Hälfte der Fälle erfolgte die Vorstellung in der Klinik aus Unsicherheit und Sorge vor allergischen Reaktionen und generellen Nebenwirkungen. Darunter waren 26,9 % (25/93) Patienten, die bisher noch keine COVID-19-Impfung erhalten hatten, und weitere 23,7 % (22/93), die eine nichtallergische Reaktion nach der bereits erfolgten COVID-19-Impfung (z. B. Kopfschmerzen, Schüttelfrost, Fieber, Unwohlsein etc.) erlitten haben; 46,2 % (43/93) der Patienten wurden aufgrund einer komplexen allergologischen Vorgeschichte in der Klinik geimpft. Dabei traten keine allergischen Reaktionen auf. Lediglich 1 Patientin mit bekannter chronisch-spontaner Urtikaria entwickelte mehrere Stunden nach Impfung ein Angioödem der Lippen, welches wir als nichtallergische Exazerbation der Grunderkrankung werteten. Den verbliebenen 53,8 % (50/93) der Patienten wurde eine ambulante Impfung in der Hausarztpraxis empfohlen.

Diskussion
Allergische Reaktionen nach COVID-19-Impfstoffen sind selten, viele Patienten mit positiver allergologischer Anamnese haben jedoch Sorgen, nach der COVID-19-Vakzination allergisch zu reagieren. Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im Rahmen von Impfkampagnen durch allergologisch tätige Ärzte ist notwendig, um den Sorgen und Ängsten der Bevölkerung – und insbesondere Patienten mit Allergien in der Anamnese – gerecht zu werden.
Medullary cavity application of tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss in tibial intramedullary nailing procedures—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Cong , Gao Zhixiang , Yu Wei , Yao Kai , Cao Yang , Long Nengji , Zhang Shaoyun , Jiang Yishan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Studies have shown an average postoperative hidden blood loss (HBL) of 473.29 ml and an average Hb loss of 16.71 g/l after intramedullary nailing. Reducing HBL has become a primary consideration for orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods
Patients with only tibial stem fractures who visited the study clinic between December 2019 and February 2022 were randomized into two groups using a computer-generated form. Two grams of tranexamic acid (TXA) (20 ml) or 20 ml of saline was injected into the medullary cavity before implantation of the intramedullary nail. On the morning of the surgery, as well as on days one, three and five after surgery, routine blood tests and analyses of CRP and interleukin-6 were completed. The primary outcomes were total blood loss (TBL), HBL, and blood transfusion, in which the TBL and HBL were calculated according to the Gross equation and the Nadler equation. Three months after surgery, the incidence of wound complications and thrombotic events, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, was recorded.

Results
Ninety-seven patients (47 in the TXA group and 50 in the NS group) were analyzed; the TBL (252.10 ± 10.05 ml) and HBL (202.67 ± 11.86 ml) in the TXA group were significantly lower than the TBL (417.03 ± 14.60 ml) and HBL (373.85 ± 23.70 ml) in the NS group (p < 0.05). At the three month postoperative follow-up, two patients (4.25%) in the TXA group and three patients (6.00%) in the NS group developed deep vein thrombosis, with no significant difference in the incidence of thrombotic complications (p = 0.944). No postoperative deaths or wound complications occurred in either group.

Conclusions
The combination of intravenous and topical TXA reduces blood loss after intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures without increasing the incidence of thrombotic events.
Spontaneous Resolution of Uncomplicated Appendicitis may Explain Increase in Proportion of Complicated Appendicitis During Covid‐19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Andersson Roland E. , Agiorgiti Maria , Bendtsen Marcus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundReports of an increased proportion of complicated appendicitis during the Covid‐19 pandemic suggest a worse outcome due to delay secondary to the restrained access to health care, but may be explained by a concomitant decrease in uncomplicated appendicitis. We analyze the impact of the pandemic on the incidences of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis.MethodWe did a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase and Web Of Science databases on December 21, 2022 with the search terms (appendicitis OR appendectomy) AND (“COVID” OR SARS‐Cov2 OR “coronavirus”). Studies reporting the number of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis during identical calendar periods in 2020 and the pre‐pandemic year(s) were included. Reports with indications suggesting a change in how the patients were diagnosed and managed between the two periods were excluded. No protocol was prepared in advance. We did random effects meta‐analysis of the change in proportion of complicated appendicitis, expressed as the risk ratio (RR), and of the change in number of patients with complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis during the pandemic compared with pre‐pandemic periods, expressed as the incidence ratio (IR). We did separate analyses for studies based on single‐ and multi‐center and regional data, age‐categories and prehospital delay.ResultsThe meta‐analysis of 100,059 patients in 63 reports from 25 countries shows an increase in the proportion of complicated appendicitis during the pandemic period (RR 1.39, 95% confidence interval (95% CI 1.25, 1.53). This was mainly explained by a decreased incidence of uncomplicated appendicitis (incidence ratio (IR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.59, 0.73). No increase in complicated appendicitis was seen in multi‐center and regional reports combined (IR 0.98, 95% CI 0.90, 1.07).ConclusionThe increased proportion of complicated appendicitis during Covid‐19 is explained by a decrease in the incidence of uncomplicated appendicitis, whereas the incidence of complicated appendicitis remained stable. This result is more evident in the multi‐center and regional based reports. This suggests an increase in spontaneously resolving appendicitis due to the restrained access to health care. This has important principal implications for the management of patients with suspected appendicitis.
Preoperative Inflammatory Markers in Liver Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases: A National Registry‐Based Study
Authors: Sahakyan Mushegh A. , Brudvik Kristoffer Watten , Angelsen Jon‐Helge , Dille‐Amdam Rachel G. , Sandvik Oddvar M. , Edwin Bjørn , Nymo Linn S. , Lassen Kristoffer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative inflammatory markers were shown to be associated with prognosis following surgery for hepato‐pancreato‐biliary cancer. Yet little evidence exists about their role in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). This study aimed to examine the association between selected preoperative inflammatory markers and outcomes of liver resection for CRLM.MethodsData from the Norwegian National Registry for Gastrointestinal Surgery (NORGAST) was used to capture all liver resections performed in Norway within the study period (November 2015–April 2021). Preoperative inflammatory markers were Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR). The impact of these on postoperative outcomes, as well as on survival were studied.ResultsLiver resections for CRLM were performed in 1442 patients. Preoperative GPS ≥ 1 and mGPS ≥ 1 were present in 170 (11.8%) and 147 (10.2%) patients, respectively. Both were associated with severe complications but became non‐significant in the multivariable model. GPS, mGPS, CAR were significant predictors for overall survival in the univariable analysis, but only CAR remained such in the multivariable model. When stratified by the type of surgical approach, CAR was a significant predictor for survival after open but not laparoscopic liver resections.ConclusionsGPS, mGPS and CAR have no impact on severe complications after liver resection for CRLM. CAR outperforms GPS and mGPS in predicting overall survival in these patients, especially following open resections. The prognostic significance of CAR in CRLM should be tested against other clinical and pathology parameters relevant for prognosis.
Water vapor thermal therapy of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic obstruction: efficacy and safety analysis of a real-world cohort of 211 patients
Authors: Bausch Kathrin , Zahiti Leutrim , Schrutt Michel , Wetterauer Christian , Halbeisen Florian Samuel , Ebbing Jan , Seifert Hans-Helge 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study assessed the efficacy, safety and durability outcomes of water vapor thermal therapy with Rezum in a real-world cohort of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostate obstruction.

Methods
Consecutive, unselected patients undergoing Rezum treatment between January 2014 and August 2022 were candidates for this pragmatic, observational, longitudinal, single-center cohort study. Pre- and perioperative data were descriptively summarized. The primary outcome was surgical efficacy, determined by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QoL) Score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual (PVR) volume and prostate volume (PV) at baseline, 2 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and > 2 years.

Results
A total of 211 patients were enrolled for analysis. Overall, catheter removal was successful in 92.4% of patients after a median of 5 days. A preoperative catheter and the presence of a median lobe increased the risk of unsuccessful catheter removal. In total, 5.7% of patients were reoperated after a median of 407 days. Comparing baseline to the longest median follow-up, the postoperative IPSS decreased significantly by 65.7%, the QoL Score declined by 66.7% (both until a maximum median of 4.5 years) and Qmax improved by 66.7% (until 3.9 years). Post-void residual volume and PV were reduced by 85.7% (3.7 years) and 47% (4.0 years), respectively. Clavien–Dindo complication ≤ II occurred in 11.8%.

Conclusion
Rezum is a safe minimally invasive treatment option in a real-world patient cohort with a beneficial improvement of micturition symptoms and voiding function during follow-up.