bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant Molecule Acceptor Enables Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells Processed Using Non‐halogenated Solvent
Authors: Zhuo Hongmei , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Jinyuan , Qin Shucheng , Guo Jing , Zhou Ruimin , Jiang Xin , Wu Xiangxi , Chen Zekun , Li Jing , Meng Lei , Li Yongfang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) based on A‐DA′D‐A type small molecule acceptors (SMAs) were mostly fabricated by toxic halogenated solvent processing, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the non‐halogenated solvent processed OSCs is mainly restricted by the excessive aggregation of the SMAs. To address this issue, we developed two vinyl π‐spacer linking‐site isomerized giant molecule acceptors (GMAs) with the π‐spacer linking on the inner carbon (EV‐i) or out carbon (EV‐o) of benzene end group of the SMA with longer alkyl side chains (ECOD) for the capability of non‐halogenated solvent‐processing. Interestingly, EV‐i possesses a twisted molecular structure but enhanced conjugation, while EV‐o shows a better planar molecular structure but weakened conjugation. The OSC with EV‐i as acceptor processed by the non‐halogenated solvent o‐xylene (o‐XY) demonstrated a higher PCE of 18.27 % than that of the devices based on the acceptor of ECOD (16.40 %) or EV‐o (2.50 %). 18.27 % is one of the highest PCEs among the OSCs fabricated from non‐halogenated solvents so far, benefitted from the suitable twisted structure, stronger absorbance and high charge carrier mobility of EV‐i. The results indicate that the GMAs with suitable linking site would be the excellent candidates for fabricating high performance OSCs processed by non‐halogenated solvents.
Chalcogen‐Bond‐Induced Double Helix Based on Self‐Assembly of a Small Planar Building Block
Authors: Mehrparvar Saber , Wölper Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a rule, helical structures at the molecular level are formed by non‐planar units. This makes the design of helices, starting from planar building blocks via self‐assembly, even more fascinating. Until now, however, this has only been achieved in rare cases, where hydrogen and halogen bonds were involved. Here, we show that the carbonyl‐tellurium interaction motif is suitable to assemble even small planar units into helical structures in solid phase. We found two different types of helices: both single and double helices, depending on the substitution pattern. In the double helix, the strands are connected by additional Te⋅⋅⋅Te chalcogen bonds. In the case of the single helix, a spontaneous enantiomeric resolution occurs in the crystal. This underlines the potential of the carbonyl‐tellurium chalcogen bond to generate complex three‐dimensional patterns.
A series of bifunctional metalloporphyrins as efficient catalysts for cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides
Authors: Wang Dan , Gao Ziyuan , Duan Sujiao , Wei Jiaojiao , Ma Linjing , Wang Ning , Li Jun 
Published: April 2023

Two porphyrins, named H2TEtImP and H2DEtImP, with the four and two N‐ethylated imidazole groups, respectively, as well as their metalloporphyrins, M‐TEtImP (M = Zn, Mn, Co, Mg) and Zn‐DEtImP, were synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), mass spectrometry (MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) successfully. The catalytic activity of these newly synthesized porphyrins with metal centers and halogen ions as variables on the cycloaddition reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides was investigated under solvent‐free conditions. The experimental results strongly verified that both halogen ions and metal centers were indispensable active sites. The metal catalytic activity increased in the order Co < Mn < Mg < Zn. The turnover frequency (TOF) of Zn‐TEtImP for the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epichlorohydrin was as high as 2213 h−1 (120°C, 1 MPa CO2, 6 h). Moreover, the wide applicability of Zn‐TEtImP to this reaction was demonstrated by substrate extension experiments, and the excellent recyclability of Zn‐TEtImP was confirmed. Finally, the synergistic catalytic mechanism of Lewis acid (metal center) and nucleophile (Br−) was proposed based on the catalytic results.
Viscoelastic polyacrylate with hierarchical hollow zeolite for sound insulation
Authors: Li Yanxin , Ji Nana , Qu Huiqi , Lin Jingyi , Wang Dong , Meng Ruizhi , Li Bin , Wang Lei , Li Shaoxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcoustic materials embed with inorganic fillers in viscoelastic polymers have promising applications in industrial settings. However, optimizing the sound insulation of composites by adjusting the microstructure of nanofillers remains a challenge. In this study, we synthesize adjustable hollow hierarchical Zeolite Socony Mobil #5 (ZSM‐5) which can be used as nanofillers in a sound insulation nanocomposite based on the polyacrylate (PA). The results show that the nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% hierarchical hollow ZSM‐5 can increase the sound transmission loss (STL) by 33.4%. The maximum STL value reaches as high as 40 dB. The damping properties of the nanocomposites were also improved by adding ZSM‐5 into the PA matrix. When the loading of hollow ZSM‐5 is 0.5 wt%, the storage modulus increased by 44%, as high as 4486.7 MPa. This strategy opens up a promising way for the sound insulation of composites based on controllable inorganic nanofillers.
Vine copula modeling dependence among cyber risks: A dangerous regulatory paradox
Authors: Carannante Maria , D'Amato Valeria , Fersini Paola , Forte Salvatore , Melisi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDependence among different cyber risk classes is a fundamentally underexplored topic in the literature. However, disregarding the dependence structure in cyber risk management leads to inconsistent estimates of potential unintended losses. To bridge this gap, this article adopts a regulatory perspective to develop vine copulas to capture dependence. In quantifying the solvency capital requirement gradient for cyber risk measurement according to Solvency II, a dangerous paradox emerges: an insurance company does not tend to provide cyber risk hedging products as they are excessively expensive and would require huge premiums that it would not be possible to find policyholders.
Agreement of parent‐reported cognitive level with standardized measures among children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lee Chimei M. , Green Snyder LeeAnne , Carpenter Laura A. , Harris Jill , Kanne Stephen , Taylor Cora M. , Sarver Dustin E. , Stephenson Kevin G. , Shulman Lisa H. , Wodka Ericka L. , Esler Amy ,   the SPARK Consortium
Published: April 2023

AbstractAssessing cognitive development is critical in clinical research of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, collecting cognitive data from clinically administered assessments can add a significant burden to clinical research in ASD due to the substantial cost and time required, and it is often prohibitive in large‐scale studies. There is a need for more efficient, but reliable, methods to estimate cognitive functioning for researchers, clinicians, and families. To examine the degree to which caregiver estimates of cognitive level agree with actual measured intelligence/developmental scores and understand factors that may impact that agreement, 1,555 autistic individuals (81.74% male; age 18 months–18 years) were selected from a large cohort (Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge, SPARK). Results suggest that querying parents about recent testing results and developmental diagnoses can provide valid and useful information on cognitive ability. The agreement of parental estimates varied with age, measured cognitive ability, autistic traits, and adaptive skills. In the context of large‐scale research efforts, parent‐reported cognitive impairment may be a good proxy for categorical IQ range for survey‐based studies when specific IQ scores are not available, circumventing the logistical and financial obstacles of obtaining neuropsychological or neurodevelopmental testing.
Use of ultrafiltration/diafiltration for the processing of antisense oligonucleotides
Authors: Gronke Robert S. , Ruanjaikaen Krisada , Delavari Armin , Immel‐Brown Jonas P. , Penrod Joseph C. , Lam Yik , Antia Firoz D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUltrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) has been the hallmark for concentrating and buffer exchange of protein and peptide‐based therapeutics for years. Here we examine the capabilities and limitations of UF/DF membranes to process oligonucleotides using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as a model. Using a 3 kDa UF/DF membrane, oligonucleotides as small as 6 kDa are shown to have low sieving coefficients (<0.008) and thus can be concentrated to high concentrations (≤200 mg/mL) with high yield (≥95%) and low viscosity (<15 centipoise), provided the oligonucleotide is designed not to undergo self‐hybridization. In general, the oligonucleotide should be at least twice the reported membrane molecular weight cutoff for robust retention. Regarding diafiltration, results show that a small amount of salt is necessary to maintain adequate flux at concentrations exceeding about 40 mg/mL. Removal of salts along with residual solvents and small molecule process‐related impurities can be robust provided they are not positively charged as the interaction with the oligonucleotide can prevent passage through the membrane, even for common divalent cations such as calcium or magnesium. Overall, UF/DF is a valuable tool to utilize in oligonucleotide processing, especially as a final drug substance formulation step that enables a liquid active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Black pleural effusion caused by a pancreaticopleural fistula secondary to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis exacerbation accompanying COVID‐19
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Takeda Yukihisa , Mizushima Reimi , Okuma Takashi , Toriyama Kazutoshi , Iwamoto Junichi , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Aoshiba Kazutetsu 
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical MessagePancreaticopleural fistula should be considered in alcohol abusers with pleural effusion, which can exhibit a black color.
Covalent Modification of Carbon Surfaces by Direct and Redox Catalysed Oxidation of Carboxylates in Acetonitrile – Concepts and Mechanisms
Authors: Morales‐Martínez Daniel , Ramírez‐Chan Daniel E. , Palacios‐Ramírez Jesús I. , Galicia Mónica , González Felipe J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrografting is a relevant process that allows getting modified electrodes where organic molecules are covalently bonded to the electrode surface. The modification is typically performed using electrochemical reactions, where the transient passage by free radicals allows the formation of covalent bonds with the electrode surface. These intermediaries are generated over a wide potential window, and they are commonly prone to a second electron transfer (oxidation or reduction). Thus, this reaction competes with the surface reactions, slowing down the formation of films on the electrode. In the case of carboxylate oxidation, these competitive processes have been minimized by using a redox‐catalysed process which occurs at low oxidation potentials. The rate at which modifications procedures occur is relevant in the sense that they determine the properties of the polymeric films covalently attached to the electrode surfaces. Therefore, this review focuses on the main aspects of the direct and redox‐catalysed oxidation of carboxylates as a tool for the covalent modification of the surface of different carbon electrodes.
EVOLUTION OF USA COMPOSITE CODES: CHANGES IN CHAPTER I (COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION) OF THE AISC 360‐22
Authors: Leon Roberto T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper briefly reviews the evolution of composite codes in the USA in the context of important changes for the 2022 edition of the American steel design specification for buildings Major changes include the incorporation of composite walls as a new type of composite member, the addition of new provisions for shear capacity of filled members, and the introduction of a performance‐based procedure for qualifying new types of anchors. An appendix also allows for the use of high strength materials for concrete filled rectangular members. The paper then describes the write's opinion on (1) important issues that need to be addressed on the direction of future codes, (2) areas where more research work is needed to provide more consistent and simpler design rules and (3) the desirability of including additional topics into the main specification.
DEFORMATION CAPACITY AND DUCTILITY OF SHEAR CONNECTORS
Authors: Baertschi Roland , Garcia Samuel , Kroyer Robert , Sutter Pascal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeformation capacity and slip range (eventually called “ductility”) of shear connectors are key parameters for the design of shear connectors in composite beams, especially in partial shear connection. Existing design rules require a deformation capacity of at least 6 mm for the use of shear connectors with plastic design methods. This rule is combined with the assumption of rigid‐ideal plastic behaviour of the shear connectors. Still, the real characteristics of most of today's usual shear connectors differ considerably from these assumptions, even more for shear connectors used in combination with metal decking. The paper describes the results of a literature research conducted in order to obtain reliable values for the deformation capacity and the slip range of headed stud shear connectors. Based on these results, advanced design methods can be used to realise composite beams with more realistic lower limits for the degree of partial shear connection and thus better economic performance.
PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE MODELING OF A STEEL STRUCTURE WITH COMPOSITE SLAB USING COMMERCIAL FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARE
Authors: Phillips Trent J. , Rassati Gian A. , Swanson James A. , Baldassino Nadia , Zandonini Riccardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a study on the modelling approaches for column loss scenarios using software that is widely available to structural engineers worldwide, with the goal of providing practical guidance to designers faced with the need or the opportunity to perform progressive collapse analyses. The presented study leverages recent experimental results on column removal in a composite frame obtained at the University of Trento. Comparisons between experimental data, results of high‐definition finite element analyses, and the simulation results obtained using commercially available software are performed and conclusions are drawn based on the modelling approach used. Furthermore, a parametric study on various column loss scenarios in a prototype building is conducted and the results are compared with highdefinition model results in literature. It is concluded that the proposed modelling approach can be successfully used in practical cases, with results that are quite satisfactory both at the local and at the global level.
NEW TYPE OF TRANSITION ZONE FOR STEEL‐CONCRETE HYBRID BEAMS IN BRIDGES
Authors: Kozioł P. , Lorenc W. , Kożuch M. , Kosecki W. , Stempniewicz A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new kind of composite connection is implemented in bridge engineering in Poland, which leads to a new type of steel‐concrete beams. First innovative bridges are constructed based on in‐depth scientific works. Perfobond shear connector (PBL) concept has been combined with standard geometries of composite dowels and in this way, efficient shear connection has been created that is used in combination with composite dowels. It enables a new type of beams that have more general forms than standard composite beams – they are named hybrid beams. There are intensive R&D works going on towards optimization of the transition zone concept. The article widens the already executed experimental tests, summarises the development of the hybrid beams, and presents the application of the hybrid beams in bridges.
ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL METHOD FOR COMPOSITE COLUMN DESIGN IN EN 1994‐1‐1 AND COMPARISON WITH SIMPLIFIED METHOD
Authors: Schäfer Markus , Zhang Qingjie , Zogu Pellumb , Bergmann Marco , Ergun Ozgun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComposite column design in accordance with EN 1994‐1‐1 can be computed by the general method or by simplified methods. For the general method, EN 1994‐1‐1 refers to a comprehensive FE‐Analysis. However, the recent Eurocode 4 does not provide sufficient guidance for the application of the general method and there is not a harmony in the literature on how to do it. Additional information may be found as non‐contradictory complementary information (NCI) in National Annexes (NA). This paper points out the procedure for the general method and refers to the changes and additional information provided by the draft of prEN 1994‐1‐1:2021. Furthermore, the modelling and computation by FE‐Analysis for several software applications are presented by implementing specified initial bow imperfections and predefined residual stresses for the steel section. The results obtained with the general method's approach are compared with that calculated by simplified method by the European buckling curves. In addition, the impact of different stress‐strain curves for concrete and strain limits introduced by Codes are investigated.
COMPARISON OF GEOMETRICAL IMPERFECTION DEFINITIONS ON ENCASED COMPOSITE COLUMNS
Authors: ERGUN Ozgun , SCHÄFER Markus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe imperfections stemming from manufacturing or construction practices have effects on capacities of structural columns. Bow imperfections or residual stresses are commonly investigated and well known examples of these imperfections. Since the composite construction generally has different stages than reinforced concrete or steel construction, there are other sources of imperfections for this field. Different approaches to consider geometrical imperfections are studied for this paper. These are namely the approach of EN‐1992‐1‐1 [1],EN 1994‐1‐1 [2] and EN 13670 [3]. Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 4 specify geometric imperfection for columns differently. Former introduces them as load eccentricity and latter introduces them as bow imperfections. EN 13670 giving the construction tolerances for reinforced concrete structures, has different methods to limit geometrical imperfections. For the purpose of comparing different approaches and their effect on capacity calculations, several composite columns were simulated using physical and geometrical non‐linear analysis, their load‐deflection relationships were monitored and capacities compared. An outlook of the ongoing investigation for the adaptation of geometrical imperfection for composite columns is further discussed.
STUDIES OF THE FATIGUE STRESS AND STRENGTH OF LARGE COMPOSITE BRIDGES WITH CANTILEVERS AND PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
Authors: Kraus Josef Karl , Geißler Karsten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen building large composite bridges with steel cantilevers as supports for partial‐depth precast deck‐elements, currently there are only recommendations available, which based on experiences with regard to the fatigue stressed connections of the cantilevers. In a research project currently being worked on for the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) appropriate recommendations are developed based on experimental tests, accompanied by numerical analyses and structural monitoring. The article provides an insight into the ongoing research work at the Technical University of Berlin.
A NOVEL STRATEGY FOR SLIM‐FLOOR FIRE PROTECTION
Authors: Romero M.L. , Albero V. , Espinós A. , Serra E. , Hospitaler A. , Pons D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel slim‐floor configuration which consist of an I‐section steel profile welded to a wider bottom steel plate with an insulation layer of 5mm thick placed in between the two. The insulation layer is made up of a flexible and non‐combustible material, which protects the I‐section profile from the temperature rise through its bottom surface. Besides, this insulation layer remains protected from external agents with no need of maintenance because it is placed in the cavity created on purpose between the bottom plate and the lower flange of the steel profile thank to the weld between them. This new slim‐floor configuration is currently right‐protected by the Spanish Office of Patents and Trademarks with the reference number P201930438 and has been tested in the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia testing facilities to assess its thermal behaviour in fire. Specifically, the specimen was tested using an electric furnace where the slim‐floor is placed at the top surface. Therefore, the composite beam is exposed to the heat source only from the bottom surface, as it is the case in real fire scenarios. Moreover, the experimental campaign includes also a common slim‐floor specimen, without the insulation layer, in order to compare their thermal behaviour. The steel parts used in all the test specimens were grade S355, having a nominal yield strength of 355 MPa, the nominal compressive strength (cylindrical) of the cast in‐situ concrete was 30 MPa and the precast concrete hollow core slabs were manufactured with 45 MPa nominal compressive strength (cylindrical). In turn, the embedded reinforcing bars were grade S500, with 500 MPa nominal yield strength. The first experimental results have shown that the temperature gap between the bottom steel plate and the lower flange of the steel profile can reach up to 200°C. This impressive thermal gap delays the temperature rise along the I‐section steel profile which produces a significant improvement on the composite section fire resistant time, up to 90 or 120 minutes. Additionally, it should be highlighted that the observed improvement on the cross‐section thermal behaviour has been achieved using a novel configuration which no need maintenance in contrast with the common external protection systems using intumescent coating or other fireproofing materials.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FRICTION BASED DEMOUNTABLE SHEAR CONNECTOR
Authors: FODOR Jovan , SCHÄFER Markus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to provide sustainable structural solution for the steel‐concrete downstand composite beams in buildings by providing modularity and reusability, new demountable shear connector device based on frictional behaviour is devised. The mechanical behaviour of the newly developed connector is investigated both experimentally and numerically and its applicability in aforementioned application is assessed.
APPLICATION OF ROLLED SECTIONS IN COMPOSITE BRIDGES WITH SPAN OVER 50 METERS
Authors: Kożuch M. , Lorenc W. , Bartoszek B. , Stempniewicz A. , Windorpski H. , Struczyński M. , Sęk R. , Ochojski W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolutions using rolled sections instead of plated beams are strongly developed in Poland [1‐7]. One of the ideas is to use rolled sections HL1100 out of S460 steel for span region and variable height of girder at the piers (using different composite solutions) what has become a standard bridge type for continuous min. 3‐span bridges with internal spans range 50‐60 m. It took less than 10 years to come from the idea to standard market product. Appropriate R&D works have been carried out. The idea of using rolled section leaded to implementation of the double‐composite action and composite dowels and this way new structural forms of bridges appeared in Poland. The driving force for innovation in composite bridges in Poland is the design‐and‐build formula, international collaboration, open‐minded (not so conservative) young engineers and good economy for bridge market in Poland nowadays. In the paper applications of the considered solutions are presented.