bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autism spectrum disorders - gender differences and the diagnosis dilemma
Authors: Moura J. D. C. , Leal J. , Cunha J. F. , Seabra D. , Torres S. , Rocha T. , Lopes I. , Barata B. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits and restricted and repetitive or stereotyped behaviours. The prevalence of ASD has been thought to be higher in men, which may reflect aspects of the own aetiology of the disorder. Still, it may also be associated with misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of females with autism due to specific phenotypic traits.ObjectivesTo explore the differences between sex/gender in autism’s clinical presentation.MethodsNon-systematic literature review using the most relevant papers found on PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “autism spectrum disorder”, “gender differences”, and “autistic women”.ResultsAutistic women seem to have a “camouflage” phenomenon, characterized by a high level of functioning, less unusual play or restricted interests, better socio-emotional reciprocity and coping behaviours. Therefore, women with ASD commonly have an anteriority of multiple diagnoses, which delays their access to the support and care they need.ConclusionsProfessionals must be aware of the sex/gender clinical differences to prevent the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of females with autism. Moreover, the current clinical criteria used to diagnose ASD may underserve the female population and deserve to be reviewed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS). Psychological and legal implications
Authors: Arrieta Pey M. , Rubio Corgo S. , Álvarez Astorga A. , Delgado Campos A. M. , Díaz Gordillo C. , Castro Ibáñez A. C. , Álvarez de Mon González M. Á. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe first definition of PAS, enunciated by Richard Gardner in 1985, refers to a disorder originating in the context of legal conflicts related to child custody. Its main characteristic would be a smear campaign by the child towards a parent, in the absence of plausible arguments. In this context, the child would experience an oppositional and dichotomous feeling towards his or her parents. In recent years, the presence of PAS has become increasingly important, both in the legal and health fields, largely due to the controversy and debate surrounding its approval and recognition, and there is currently no consensus on the matter.ObjectivesThe main objective of this work is to examine the current state of PAS in depth in the different fields in which it is emerging: the medical-scientific and legal spheres. The current controversies and debate, both scientific and legal, will be developed. Research will be carried out on the origin of the concept and its evolution, its symptomatic presentation, the neuropsychological consequences in minors, the role and legal value of expert reports, as well as the existing evaluation methods for the assessment of PAS.MethodsAn extensive literature review was carried out on the subject in question, extracting information mainly from scientific articles, but also from legislative documents, manuals and books.ResultsThere are currently no specific laws regulating PAS in European countries. According to Article 10.2 of the Spanish Constitution, norms related to fundamental rights shall be interpreted according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. As a direct consequence of the chronic psychological stresses experienced by children, adaptive disorders may appear, often characterised by symptoms of anxiety and depression. In addition, a multitude of neuropsychological consequences have been observed not only in the affected child, but also in the adult he or she will become.ConclusionsCurrently, there is a fervent debate about the validity and recognition of PAS as a diagnostic entity, spanning different disciplines, ranging from health to social and legal. In Europe, professionals in the scientific field have not reached an agreement regarding the approval of PAS. On the one hand, there are those for whom PAS is a verified phenomenon; on the other hand, there are those who flatly reject the existence of this phenomenon. The latter consider PAS an unscientific construct, referring to it as “court syndrome” or “patriarchal alienation syndrome”.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The place of EMDR in children: a review of the literature
Authors: Raissouni M. , Benhammou S. , Belbachir S. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionEMDR therapy is a brief form of trauma-focused therapy for PTSD. This therapeutic technique was first used by Francine Shapiro in the United States in 1987. EMDR combines exposure imagination, cognitive and psychoanalytical techniques. Designed to treat psychological trauma, emotional shock and grief, EMDR can also be used to treat neurotic problems such as phobias, anxiety and depression.EMDR therapy can be used at any age and can be adapted to children, adolescents, adults and the elderly unless contraindicated.In the pediatric population, several studies have shown that EMDR therapy has a remarkable effectiveness on several pathologies and particularly on PTSD.Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)EMDR therapy is a brief form of trauma-focused therapy for PTSD. This therapeutic technique was first used by Francine Shapiro in the United States in 1987. EMDR combines exposure imagination, cognitive and psychoanalytical techniques. Designed to treat psychological trauma, emotional shock and grief, EMDR can also be used to treat neurotic problems such as phobias, anxiety and depression. EMDR therapy can be used at any age and can be adapted to children, adolescents, adults and the elderly unless contraindicated.In the pediatric population, several studies have shown that EMDR therapy has a remarkable effectiveness on several pathologies and particularly on PTSD. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)ObjectivesPresent the indications of EMDR therapy in children and demonstrated its effectiveness in the management of psychiatric disorders in this population.MethodsThis is a systematic review of the literature. The databases used are “PubMed” and “Google Scholar”. No language restrictions were applied.The following keywords were entered: EMDR, Child. Recent articles published in English or “systematic reviews, meta-analyses or reviews” were included.ResultsFrom this review of the literature, we note that:EMDR is a psychotherapy that has been shown to be effective in improving the symptoms of various pathologies in children, including PTSD, major depressive disorders, intellectual disability, anxiety disorders, as well as behavioral disordersHowever, the studies are still few in number and also have methodological limitations: they were exploratory studies of relatively small samples.ConclusionsEMDR therapy is mentioned in the described guidelines as “promising”, as the fact that it yields positive results in a short period of time and that these results continue in follow-up studies has increased the interest in using EMDR in children.Nevertheless, larger sample sizes are recommended in future studies to better establish the effectiveness of EMDR therapy in children.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Lisdexamfetamine in combination with guanfacine as an effective treatment in the management of behavioral disturbances in patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Case report
Authors: Del Sol Calderon P. , Izquierdo de la Puente A. , García Moreno M. , Fernández Fernandez R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWe often find it challenging to manage hyperactivity, low frustration tolerance and angry outbursts in patients with ASD and comorbid ADHD. Fewer drugs are approved for these disorders and these patients are more likely to develop adverse effects.ObjectivesThe aim of this case is to show how the combination of lisdexamfetamine together with guanfacine has very positive effects on anger outbursts and boundary heteroaggressiveness in patients with ASD and ADHD.MethodsCase report and literature reviewResultsThis is a 14-year-old minor admitted to the psychiatric unit after physical aggression against his family due to anger after removal of video games, requiring police intervention. He has been diagnosed since he was 11 years old with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder. He was being treated with methylphenidate 54 mg and aripiprazole 10 mg. Since the beginning of the admission, the following pharmacological adjustment has been made: Methylphenidate is substituted by lisdexamfetamine up to 50 mg per day. Guanfacine has been started up to 4 mg per day and the dose of aripiprazole has been maintained. The patient had no adverse effects with adequate tolerance without sedation, hyporexia or hypotension. With this adjustment, improvement was found in the levels of restlessness and hyperactivity. The patient expressed a subjective improvement in the levels of restlessness and with a notable improvement in attention in the hospital classroom. An improvement in emotional regulation was also observed, with more tolerance to the imposition of limits, without an explosion of anger in the face of any rule during admissionConclusionsThe management of hyperactivity and episodes of low frustration tolerance in patients with ASD and ADHD is complex. Many studies point out the time-limited use of some antipsychotics such as risperidone or aripiprazole. This work aims to show guanfacine in combination with lisdexamfetamine as an excellent combination for the management of agitation and rage explosion in these patients. In addition, the profile of adverse effects at metabolic level is much better than that of atypical antipsychotics.Reference-Extended-Release Guanfacine for Hyperactivity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Lawrence Scahill et al. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Dec.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Utilisation and acceptability of formal and informal support for adolescents following self-harm before and during the first COVID-19 lockdown: results from a large-scale English schools survey
Authors: Borschmann R. , Geulayov G. , Mansfield K. , Moran P. A. , Hawton K. , Fazel M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionLittle is known about the perceived acceptability and usefulness of supports that adolescents have accessed following self-harm, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the utilisation and acceptability of formal, informal, and online support accessed by adolescents following self-harm before and during the pandemic.MethodsCross-sectional survey (OxWell) of 10,560 secondary school students aged 12-18 years in the south of England. Information on self-harm, support(s) accessed after self-harm, and satisfaction with support received were obtained via a structured, self-report questionnaire. No tests for significance were conducted.Results1,457 (12.5%) students reported having ever self-harmed and 789 (6.7%) reported self-harming during the first national lockdown. Informal sources of support were accessed by the greatest proportion of respondents (friends: 35.9%; parents: 25.0%). Formal sources of support were accessed by considerably fewer respondents (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: 12.1%; psychologist/ psychiatrist: 10.2%; general practitioner: 7.4%). Online support was accessed by 8.6% of respondents, and 38.3% reported accessing no support at all. Informal sources of support were rated as most helpful, followed by formal sources, and online support. Of the respondents who sought no support, 11.3% reported this as being helpful.ConclusionsMore than a third of secondary school students in this sample did not seek any help following self-harm. The majority of those not seeking help did not find this to be a helpful way of coping. Further work needs to determine effective ways of overcoming barriers to help-seeking among adolescents who self-harm and improving perceived helpfulness of the supports accessed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A systematic review on the association of birth intervals and risk of autism spectrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders
Authors: Kelishadi R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPregnancy interval may have various impacts on psychiatric and psychologic disorders of the offspring.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to assess the relationship of short and long inter-pregnancy intervals (IPIs) with the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsWe performed a systematic search on electronic databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. We included observational studies that evaluated the association between IPIs and the risk of ASD and ADHD. Two reviewers independently screened and then extracted data on study characteristics, IPIs/ birth intervals, and outcome measures. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist.ResultsAt the final step, 19 out of 161 studies were included in our systematic review. Among them, 16 and 5 studies assessed the association between IPI and the risk of ASD and ADHD, respectively. In 9 studies, findings supported the association between short intervals and an increased risk of ASD. In addition, 7 studies reported significant association between both short and long intervals and an increased risk of ASD. Moreover, 3 studies demonstrated an association between short intervals and ADHD risk, while long birth interval was merely assessed in 2 studies with conflicting results.ConclusionsThis systematic review strongly confirmed the association of short and long birth intervals with ASD and ADHD. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations and the possible modifiers to decrease the risk of such disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
How to implement evidence-based practice to prevent and reduce coercion in psychiatry
Authors: Sartorius N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe UN Convention on the rights of people with disabilities (UN CRPD) raised awareness of the need to find alternatives to coercion in the process of care for people with mental illness and/or mental impairment. In order to promote the application of the CRPD the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) has undertaken to produce a document listing possible alternatives to coercion and proposed to the General Assembly of the WPA to support the recommendations of that document by a WPA Position Statement on the matter.The presentation will discuss the suggestions included in the Position Statement and in the review of options to reduce coercion in the WPA materials.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Big data networks: Dynamic Time Warping as a statistical tool for network analysis using Ecological Momentary Assessment data
Authors: van der Does F. , van Eeden W. , Lamers F. , Penninx B. , Riese H. , Vermetten E. , Wardenaar K. , van der Wee N. , Giltay E. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIn recent research, psychological disorders have been increasingly defined as complex dynamic systems in which symptoms are interconnected and influence each other, thereby forming symptom networks. This paradigm shift calls for the analysis and interpretation of relationships between symptoms that are complex, potentially non-linear, and dynamic. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is used to measure similarity in temporal sequences, and has recently been found effective in modelling psychopathology symptom networks.ObjectivesWe aim to demonstrate that DTW could also be used to model the network structure in Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data.Methods355 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), of which 100 with and 255 without current disorder, completed EMA assessments of 20 symptoms (e.g., feeling sad, tired, satisfied) five times a day for two weeks. DTW analysis was performed on the group level, comparing participants suffering from mood disorders to healthy controls. DTW distances were visualized as an undirected symptom network, in which we adjusted for the average symptom severity per item per person.ResultsDTW analysis of close to half a million symptom scores yielded six symptom dimensions based on their aggregated similarity of changes over time within the participants. Surprisingly, negative affect symptom networks were found to be less strongly connected in those currently suffering from mood disorders than in controls, whereas the network density of (reverse-coded) positive affect symptoms was more closely connected in this group. This is contrary to the results of previous studies, where negative affect-related symptom networks of those with mood disorders were found to be more strongly interconnected.ConclusionsDTW is a promising new technique for analyzing EMA data and modeling dynamic symptom networks at both the individual and group levels. Using EMA data, symptom networks and dimensions can be modeled with great structural and temporal detail. Incorporating the temporal symptom dynamics may highlight the importance of the independent trajectories of negative mood symptoms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk: a descriptive study in a psychiatric short stay unit
Authors: González Navarro C. , Alonso Salas I. , Morado San segundo L. , López Fariña A. , Bilbao Idarraga A. , López Puentes U. , Samsó Martínez B. , Lopez Brokate R. F. , Ruiz de Azua Aspizua T. , Garnica de Cos E. M. , Ortega Pozas U. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPatients with mental disorders have a decreased life expectancy, being the main reason the cardiovascular disease. An important proportion of patients present a comorbid drug consumption. Amongst drugs, alcohol is the most frequent, and it is associated with a higher cardiovascular risk. The metabolic syndrome is one of the most employed tools to assess cardiovascular risk.Objectives- To describe the demographic characteristics of the patients with an active alcohol consumption that were admitted to the hospital during the period of study.
-To describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the sample, according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) criteria.MethodsRetrospective observational study of three months duration. Data was collected from all patients admitted to the hospital during the period of study, with no specific exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were performed.ResultsDuring the period of study 172 patients were admitted to the hospital (56.4% women and 43.6% men). A 44.8% presented alcohol consumption (25% sporadically, 6.4% weekly and 13.4% daily). Amongst women, 1% presented daily and 1% weekly consumption. Amongst men, 21.3% presented daily and 5.3% weekly consumption.The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study sample was 29.11%. In the alcohol consumption group, the prevalence was 24.7% and differed according to the pattern of consumption: 43.5% in the daily consumption group, 27.3% in the weekly and 14% in the sporadically consumption group.ConclusionsOn the one hand, in the sample of study a higher percentage of men present an active alcohol consumption, compared to women. It is remarkable the high percentage of daily alcohol consumption amongst men in our sample.On the other hand, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our sample is similar to the one found in scientific literature regarding patients with mental disorders. It is noteworthy in our sample the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome found in patients with a daily alcohol consumption, and a decreased prevalence in those with a sporadic pattern.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The World Network of Psychiatric Trainees’ Human Rights Curriculum Initiative
Authors: Pereira-Sanchez V. ,   NYU
Published: August 2023

AbstractDr. Pereira-Sanchez, Founder and Executive Director of the World Network of Psychiatric Trainees (WNPT) and responsible for the WNPT Human Rights Curriculum Initiative, will present an overview of the same, which aims at understanding the current state of human rights education for psychiatric trainees across the world and at partnering with relevant organizations to develop international standards on the topic. The talk will highlight pilot results and achievments of the initiative and invite feedback, discussion, and further collaboration.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Alcohol use in adult patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Case report
Authors: Del Sol Calderon P. , Izquierdo de la Puente A. , Alvarez Astorga A. , García Moreno M. , Fernandez Fernandez R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPatients with autism spectrum disorder are characterized by high anxiety when facing social situations and dealing with interpersonal relationships on a daily basis. Although initially because of their rigid personality with the norm, and their tendency to social distancing, we do not have in mind this pathology as the most likely to develop a substance use disorder. However, it is observed in the literature a remarkable percentage of patients who resort to consumption, mainly alcohol, as an anxiolytic to be able to interact in society.ObjectivesTo show the case of a 19-year-old adult with a diagnosis of ASD who resorts to alcohol consumption in her daily life as a strategy to manage anxiety in social situations.MethodsCase report and literatura reviewResultsThis is a 19-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of ASD. She is studying biotechnology and lives with her parents and 3 siblings. The patient reports difficulty in social relationships since early childhood, with experiences of school bullying. She expresses desire to relate with others, although she does it in an inadequate way, with difficulty in detecting nonverbal language, irony and anger when she does not understand a joke. The patient confesses that since she was 16 years old she has consumed alcohol to mitigate the anxiety caused by facing a group of people. She says that she feels that it relaxes her and facilitates interaction, making it more fluid and less tense. However, she recognizes that initially she used to drink 1 or 2 beers, but now she needs to drink up to 2 glasses of gin, recognizing this as something problematic.ConclusionsThe literature shows how patients with ASD can also present substance use disorder. It has been shown that about 10% of these patients have an abusive use of alcohol. Other samples show wider ranges (7-71%) of prevalence of alcohol consumption in patients with autism. In relation to cannabis, it is seen that around 3% of these patients consume it. These patients seek its anxiolytic effect and to reduce mental health symptoms. In addition, the purchase of alcohol does not involve high social interaction to obtain it, since it is a substance that can be purchased legally. It is important to explore alcohol consumption in consultation with patients with ASD to help them develop more functional anxiety management strategies.ReferencePrevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lugo-Marín.J et al. 2019. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders Volume 59, March 2019, Pages 22-33Disclosure of InterestNone Declared