bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of sarcopenia using deep learning-based artificial intelligence body part measure system (AIBMS)
Authors: Gu Shangzhi , Wang Lixue , Han Rong , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Yizhe , Chen Ting , Zheng Zhuozhao 
Published: January 2023

Background: Sarcopenia is an aging syndrome that increases the risks of various adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, physical disability, and death. Sarcopenia can be diagnosed through medical images-based body part analysis, which requires laborious and time-consuming outlining of irregular contours of abdominal body parts. Therefore, it is critical to develop an efficient computational method for automatically segmenting body parts and predicting diseases.Methods: In this study, we designed an Artificial Intelligence Body Part Measure System (AIBMS) based on deep learning to automate body parts segmentation from abdominal CT scans and quantification of body part areas and volumes. The system was developed using three network models, including SEG-NET, U-NET, and Attention U-NET, and trained on abdominal CT plain scan data.Results: This segmentation model was evaluated using multi-device developmental and independent test datasets and demonstrated a high level of accuracy with over 0.9 DSC score in segment body parts. Based on the characteristics of the three network models, we gave recommendations for the appropriate model selection in various clinical scenarios. We constructed a sarcopenia classification model based on cutoff values (Auto SMI model), which demonstrated high accuracy in predicting sarcopenia with an AUC of 0.874. We used Youden index to optimize the Auto SMI model and found a better threshold of 40.69.Conclusion: We developed an AI system to segment body parts in abdominal CT images and constructed a model based on cutoff value to achieve the prediction of sarcopenia with high accuracy.
Effects of dyadic-based physical activity intervention on cancer-related fatigue among cancer survivors: A scoping review
Authors: Song Dongyu , Liu Yuzhou , Lai Claudia K. Y. , Li Yuli 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveCancer-related fatigue is one of the most common adverse reactions to cancer survivors, which has a significant impact on the daily life. As a traumatic event, cancer not only brings great physical and mental harm to patients, but also poses a threat to the physical and psychological health of caregivers. Current studies have shown that physical activity improves cancer-related fatigue in cancer survivors. And studies have suggested that dyadic interventions are more effective in improving patient outcomes and may also provide some benefits to caregivers. But the literature on the effects of dyadic-based physical activity on improving cancer-related fatigue has not been synthesized. This scoping review described the scope and impact of studies on cancer-related fatigue with dyadic-based physical activity interventions.MethodsSix databases which is PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Medline were searched for all studies of dyadic-based physical activity interventions with outcome measures including cancer-related fatigue published since the inception of the databases through May 2022. The search strategy was developed based on PICO principles.ResultsThis article includes 6 pre and post-test designs and 2 randomized controlled trial design. The majority of participants were survivors with breast and lung cancer. The overall results showed that the effectiveness of dyadic-based physical activity interventions in improving cancer-related fatigue was unsatisfactory.ConclusionsThis scoping review suggests that current dyadic-based physical activity interventions are not well-researched among cancer survivors. In the future, more high-quality studies with more sophisticated and rigorous interventions are needed.
Developing fit-for-purpose funding models for rural settings: Lessons from the evaluation of a step-up/step-down service in regional Australia
Authors: Coleman Mathew , Cuesta-Briand Beatriz , Ngo Hanh , Bass Rachel , Mills-Edward Naomi , Ennals Priscilla 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSub-acute mental health community services provide a bridging service between hospital and community care. There is limited understanding of the local factors that influence success, and of the funding implications of delivering services in rural areas.MethodsThis paper draws from quantitative and qualitative evaluation data from a regional Western Australian service to explore these issues.ResultsConsumers satisfaction with the service was high and, overall, admission to the service resulted in positive outcomes. High re-admission rates may be linked to limited community support services following discharge.DiscussionOur results suggest that outcomes may be enhanced by implementing flexible approaches that address the resource limitations of the rural context, and that the current funding model for sub-acute mental health services in rural Australian may not be fit for purpose. More needs to be understood about how these services can be better integrated with existing support services, and how they can be better funded.
Differentiating people with schizophrenia from healthy controls in a developing Country: An evaluation of portable functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an adjunct diagnostic tool
Authors: Tran Bach Xuan , Nguyen Tham Thi , Boyer Laurent , Fond Guillaume , Auquier Pascal , Nguyen Hao Si Anh , Tran Ha Thi Nhi , Nguyen Hung Manh , Choi Jongkwan , Le Huong Thi , Latkin Carl A. , Nathan Kalpana Isabel , Husain Syeda F. , McIntyre Roger S. , Ho Cyrus S. H. , Zhang Melvyn W. B. , Ho Roger C. M. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device as an adjunct diagnostic tool in Vietnam to assess hemodynamics when people with schizophrenia and healthy controls performed cognitive tasks.MethodsOne hundred fifty-seven participants were divided into schizophrenia (n = 110) and healthy controls group (n = 47), which were recruited by match of age, and gender. Hemodynamic responses in the frontal cortex were monitored with a 48-channel portable device during the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). General linear model compared the differences in oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) levels between the two groups. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) graph was generated for each neuroanatomical area.ResultsPeople with schizophrenia did not show significant activation in the frontal lobe during the SCWT and VFT as compared to pre-task. During the VFT, the area under the ROC curve of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral frontopolar prefrontal cortex, and bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex were greater than 0.7 (p &lt; 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the right orbitofrontal cortex was maximal during the VFT (AUC = 0.802, 95%CI = 0.731–0.872). The Youden’s index reached a peak (0.57) at the optimal cut-point value (HbO2 cutoff &lt;0.209 μmol/ml for schizophrenia) in which the sensitivity was 85%; specificity was 72%; positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.88; negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.68 and correct classification rate was 76%.DiscussionAssessing hemodynamics during VFT by portable fNIRS offers the potential as an adjunct diagnostic tool for schizophrenia in developing countries.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of capecitabine maintenance therapy plus best supportive care vs. best supportive care alone as first-line treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Han Jiaqi , Lan Xiaomeng , Tian Kun , Shen Xi , He Jinlan , Chen Nianyong 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesMaintenance therapy with capecitabine after induction chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC) has been confirmed to be effective. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of capecitabine as maintenance therapy for patients with mNPC from the Chinese payers' perspective.MethodsMarkov model was conducted to simulate the disease progress and evaluated the economic and health outcomes of capecitabine maintenance plus best-supported care (CBSC) or best-supported care (BSC) alone for patients with mNPC. Survival data were derived from the NCT02460419 clinical trial. Costs and utilities were obtained from the standard fee database and published literature. Measured outcomes were total costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), life-years (LYs), incremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), incremental net monetary benefit (INMB), and incremental net-health benefit (INHB). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess model robustness. Additional subgroup cost-effectiveness analyses were accomplished.ResultsThroughout the course of the disease, the CBSC group provide an incremental cost of $9 734 and additional 1.16 QALYs (1.56 LYs) compared with the BSC group, resulting in an ICUR of $8 391/QALY and ICER of $6 240/LY. Moreover, the INHB was 0.89 QALYs, and the INMB was $32 034 at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $36 007/QALY. Subgroup analyses revealed that CBSC presented a positive trend of gaining an INHB in all subgroups compared with the BSC group. The results of sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our model.ConclusionCompared with BSC, after induction chemotherapy, CBSC as a first-line treatment was cost-effective for newly diagnosed mNPC. These results suggest capecitabine maintenance therapy after induction chemotherapy as a new option for patients with newly diagnosed mNPC.
Effects of smoking on the severity and transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis: A hospital-based case control study
Authors: Feng Yanmei , Xu Yue , Yang Yuan , Yi Guangzhao , Su Huan , Chen Hong , Guo Rui , Jia Jinwei , Wang Pu 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThere is a high incidence of both smoking and tuberculosis (TB) in China. This study examined the risk factors for severe pulmonary TB (PTB) and positive tubercle bacilli in sputum.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case-control study in a tertiary hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 (n = 917). The clinical and biological characteristics of patients were collected, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with smoking in terms of the severity and transmission of PTB.ResultsPositive tubercle bacilli in sputum and severe PTB were much higher in smoking patients. Together with nutrition status, heavy smoking exhibited a 284% greater risk in severe PTB. Positive tubercle bacilli in sputum was significantly associated with hypoproteinemia and smoking regardless of the status, duration, and degree.ConclusionBecause cigarette smoking was strongly and inversely associated with hypoproteinemia, we conclude that smoking plays a critical role in the severity and transmission of PTB. Smoking cessation interventions should be employed to prevent severe PTB and decrease the transmission of PTB.
Effect of atropine 0.01% on myopia control in children aged 6–13 years during the 2022 lockdown in Shanghai
Authors: Yu Manrong , Jiang Lingli , Chen Minjie 
Published: January 2023

PurposeTo compare the myopic progression in children treated with 0. 01% atropine and those who discontinued atropine during the 2022-home quarantine in Shanghai.MethodsIn this retrospective study, children aged 6–13 years with follow-up visits before (between January 2022 and February 2022) and after the lockdown (between July 2022 and August 2022) were included. Cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL) were measured at both visits. The atropine group had continuous medication during the lockdown while the control group discontinued. The 0.01% atropine eyedrops were administered daily before bedtime. The types of spectacle lens were recorded: single vision (SV) spectacles or defocus incorporated multiple segments lenses (DIMS).ResultsIn total, 41 children (81 eyes) in the atropine group and 32 children (64 eyes) in the control group were enrolled. No significant difference was found in the demographic characteristics, spherical diopter, spherical equivalent (SE), AL, and follow-up time between the two groups before the lockdown in 2022 (all p &gt; 0.1). After the home confinement, a greater myopia progression was observed in the control group (−0.46 ± 0.42 D) compared to atropine group (−0.26 ± 0.37 D; p = 0.0023). Axial elongation was also longer in the control group than that in children sustained with atropine (0.21 ± 0.17 vs. 0.13 ± 0.15 mm, p = 0.0035). Moreover, there was no significant change of spherical diopter and SE during lockdown in the atropine + DIMS combined subgroup (0.03 ± 0.033 D for spherical diopter, p = 0.7261 and 0.08 ± 0.27 D for SE, p = 0.2042, respectively). However, significant myopic shift was observed in the atropine + SV subgroup during the quarantine time (−0.31 ± 0.39 D for SE and 0.15 ± 0.16 mm for AL, both p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionChildren treated with 0.01% atropine had slower myopia progression during the lockdown period in Shanghai compared with children discontinued. Moreover, the effect of atropine on myopic prevention can be strengthened with DIMS lenses.
Telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic, what are the determinants of satisfaction for chronic diseases? a retrospective study
Authors: Roy Anne laure , Duruflé Aurélie , Piette Patrice , Fraudet Bastien , Lofficial Vincent , Gallien Philippe 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDuring the Covid-19 health crisis, telerehabilitation provided a solution to ensure the continuity of care. Since then, it has been offered as an alternative to face-to-face rehabilitation in chronic conditions. Data measuring satisfaction are essential to adapt and increase the effectiveness of this type of programme.Aim and scopeThis research focused on determining the most significant determinants of participant satisfaction in a telerehabilitation programme.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study by analysing the satisfaction questionnaire used from the start of the programme.ResultTwo hundred and ten (210) participants completed the programme; 180 questionnaires were filled in and 175 analyzed of which 70 with chronic low back pain (CLBP), 59 for multiple sclerosis (MS) and 22 with parkinson's disease (PD). Satisfaction was high for all participants (scoring out of 10, mean = 8.22 sd = 1.53), but the determinants reported for the three main conditions involved in the programme differed. Main determinant was “benefice” for CLBP (p = 1.23e-05), “home exercises adapted” for MS (p = 0.000679) and “interest in staying at home” for PD (p = 1.84e-05).ConclusionDepending on the context of the condition/disease, the drivers of satisfaction were not identical. Knowledge of these determinants will allow us to further improve the programme. However, some unresolved questions remain regarding the place of therapists, their role and the skills required for a successful telerehabilitation programme. Further studies are required to understand the impact.
Willing to have, willing to help, or ready to own—Determinants of variants of stewardship social practices around Blue-Green Infrastructure in dense urban communities
Authors: Lamond Jessica , Everett Glyn 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThere is increasing acceptance of the desirability of involving communities in stewardship activities around urban blue-green infrastructure (BGI) to generate acceptance, reduce vandalism and decrease the maintenance burden on authorities. However, little is yet known about the willingness of communities to engage in such stewardship, or the drivers to participate in activities.MethodsThis research adopted a practice lens and firstly defined three variants of BGI stewardship associated with passive acceptance, active care for and ownership of BGI. Secondly, the research conceptualized these practices within a complex of pro-environmental practices communities could perform. Through a face-to-face household survey in a dense UK urban area, the research sought to identify the prevalence of these variants of practice, their associations with other pro-environmental practices and the meanings, resources and competencies that drive a household's willingness to engage.ResultsThe research found different willingness for the three variants with passive most popular and ownership least. Meanings associated with BGI stewardship practice appeared to differ in crucial respects from other pro-environmental practices and were most associated with water-management rather than climate concern, however some place-based motivations were also involved. Practical resource and competency considerations also affected willingness to perform active stewardship and ownership variants.DiscussionThe research concluded that promoting the water-management aspects of BGI for all variants, along with facilitation of engagement with more active variants, could increase interest in BGI stewardship participation.
Thrombectomy for distal medium vessel occlusion stroke: Combined vs. single-device techniques - A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Loh Enver De Wei , Kwok Gabriel Yi Ren , Toh Keith Zhi Xian , Koh Ming Yi , Teo Yao Hao , Teo Yao Neng , Chan Bernard P. L. , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Ng Megan Bi-Jia , Lim Hui Shi , Soon Betsy , Gopinathan Anil , Yang Cunli , Sia Ching-Hui , Bhogal Pervinder , Brouwer Patrick A. , Meyer Lukas , Fiehler Jens , Andersson Tommy , Tan Benjamin Y. Q. , Yeo Leonard L. L. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe optimal mechanical thrombectomy technique for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) caused by distal, medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) is uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of first-line thrombectomy with combined techniques, which entail simultaneous use of a stent retriever and aspiration catheter, vs. single-device techniques, whether stent retriever or direct aspiration alone, for DMVO-AIS patients.MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from inception until 2 September 2022 for studies comparing combined and single-device techniques in DMVO-AIS patients. We adopted the Distal Thrombectomy Summit Group's definition of DMVO. Our outcomes were the modified first-pass effect [mFPE; modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b-3 at first-pass], first-pass effect (FPE; mTICI 2c-3 at first-pass), successful and complete final reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3 and 2c-3 at end of all procedures, respectively), 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin scale 0-2), 90-day mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH).ResultsNine studies were included, with 477 patients receiving combined techniques, and 670 patients receiving single-device thrombectomy. Combined techniques achieved significantly higher odds of mFPE [odds ratio (OR), 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–4.02; p = 0.021] and FPE (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.97–6.38; p &lt; 0.001), with lower odds of sICH (OR, 0.23; 95% CI 0.06–0.93; p = 0.040). There were no significant differences in final reperfusion, functional independence (OR, 1.19; 95% CI 0.87–1.63; p = 0.658), or mortality (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.50–1.76; p = 0.850).ConclusionsIn DMVO-AIS patients, mechanical thrombectomy combining stent retrievers and aspiration catheters achieved higher odds of FPE and lower odds of sICH over single-device techniques. There were no differences in functional independence and mortality. Further trials are warranted to establish these findings.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_recor d.php?ID=CRD42022370160, identifier: CRD42022370160.
Implementing the nature's contributions framework: A case study based on farm typologies in small-scale agroecosystems from the Mexico highlands
Authors: Rodríguez-Bustos Laura , Galicia Leopoldo , Benítez Mariana , Palacios-Rojas Natalia , Ramos Irene 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionIntegrating the heterogeneity of small-scale agriculture with the regulation, material, and non-material contributions is key to complementing the rural-support policy instruments. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the diversity of agricultural types of management in small-scale maize agroecosystems and discuss their implications for nature's contributions in the region of Valles Altos, México.MethodsThe methodology was conducted by constructing an agricultural management typology with multivariate statistical analysis for 112 small plots interviews. The operationalization of regulation, material, and non-material nature's contributions was based on the definition and counting of cultural elements from agronomic management for each class of contribution.ResultsThe results indicate three different types of agricultural management defined mainly by the type of seed, the destination of harvest, and the type of tillage. This management diversity is guided by farmers' motivation to achieve food self-sufficiency or generate income from grain sales. Each management type has a unique provision of regulation, material, and no material contributions defined by the use of the native seed, use of stover, and management diversification.DiscussionThe integration of farm typology methods and nature's contributions framework reveals that it is critical to establish new incentives that include the biological and cultural diversity of agroecosystems and the individual motivations of farmers. This may help conserve the natural and cultural values of agriculture and design appropriate incentives for small-scale agriculture.
Development of nomograms predictive of anastomotic leakage in patients before minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy
Authors: Chen Jianqing , Xu Jinxin , He Jianbing , Hu Chao , Yan Chun , Wu Zhaohui , Li Zhe , Duan Hongbing , Ke Sunkui 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe present study aims to identify factors related to anastomotic leakage before esophagectomy and to construct a prediction model.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 285 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). An absolute shrinkage and selection operator was applied to screen the variables, and predictive models were developed using binary logistic regression.ResultsA total of 28 variables were collected in this study. LASSO regression analysis, combined with previous literature and clinical experience, finally screened out four variables, including aortic calcification, heart disease, BMI, and FEV1. A binary logistic regression was conducted on the four predictors, and a prediction model was established. The prediction model showed good discrimination and calibration, with a C-statistic of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.593–0.743), a calibration curve fitting a 45° slope, and a Brier score of 0.179. The DCA demonstrated that the prediction nomogram was clinically useful. In the internal validation, the C-statistic still reaches 0.66, and the calibration curve has a good effect.ConclusionsWhen patients have aortic calcification, heart disease, obesity, and a low FEV1, the risk of anastomotic leakage is higher, and relevant surgical techniques can be used to prevent it. Therefore, the clinical prediction model is a practical tool to guide surgeons in the primary prevention of anastomotic leakage.