bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animals Used as a Source of Food
Authors: Martin Angela K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNowadays, more sentient animals are used for their meat, milk, and eggs than ever before in history. This chapter shows that many—but not all—uses of animals for food are morally problematic. Speciesist prejudices mask that animals are commonly due more consideration than we give them. First, this chapter examines animal products involving suffering, arguing that such products are often—but not always—morally problematic. Second, it discusses whether there is a problem with killing animals which could be deemed “happy.” Third, it argues against “principled veganism,” contending that dependency does not necessarily result in increased vulnerability. Finally, it is concluded that we should recognize many groups of animals we commonly use for food as particularly vulnerable and augment their protection accordingly.
Improved sensitivities of ESSνSB from a two-detector fit
Authors: Capozzi F. , Giunti C. , Ternes C. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We discuss the improvement of the sensitivity of ESSνSB to the discovery of CP violation and to new neutrino physics which can be obtained with a two-detector fit of the data of the near and far detectors. In particular, we consider neutrino non-standard interactions generated by very heavy vector mediators, nonunitary neutrino mixing, and neutrino oscillations due to the mixing of the ordinary active neutrinos with a light sterile neutrino.
Development of a simple standardized scoring system for assessing large vessel vasculitis by 18F-FDG PET-CT and differentiation from atherosclerosis
Authors: Bacour Y. A. A. , van Kanten M. P. , Smit F. , Comans E. F. I. , Akarriou M. , de Vet H. C. W. , Voskuyl A. E. , van der Laken C. J. , Smulders Y. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study is to develop a structured approach to distinguishing large-artery vasculitis from atherosclerosis using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with low-dose computed tomography (FDG PET/CT).

Methods
FDG PET/CT images of 60 patients were evaluated, 30 having biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA; the most common form of large-artery vasculitis), and 30 with severe atherosclerosis. Images were evaluated by 12 nuclear medicine physicians using 5 criteria: FDG uptake pattern (intensity, distribution, circularity), the degree of calcification, and co-localization of calcifications with FDG-uptake. Criteria that passed agreement, and reliability tests were subsequently analysed for accuracy using receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses. Criteria that showed discriminative ability were then combined in a multi-component scoring system. Both initial and final ‘gestalt’ conclusion were also reported by observers before and after detailed examination of the images.

Results
Agreement and reliability analyses disqualified 3 of the 5 criteria, leaving only FDG uptake intensity compared to liver uptake and arterial wall calcification for potential use in a scoring system. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95%CI 0.87–0.92) for FDG uptake intensity. Degree of calcification showed poor discriminative ability on its own (AUC of 0.62; 95%CI 0.58–0.66). When combining presence of calcification with FDG uptake intensity into a 6-tiered scoring system, the AUC remained similar at 0.91 (95%CI 0.88–0.93). After exclusion of cases with arterial prostheses, the AUC increased to 0.93 (95%CI 0.91–0.95). The accuracy of the ‘gestalt’ conclusion was initially 89% (95%CI 86–91%) and increased to 93% (95%CI 91–95%) after detailed image examination.

Conclusion
Standardised assessment of arterial wall FDG uptake intensity, preferably combined with assessment of arterial calcifications into a scoring method, enables accurate, but not perfect, distinction between large artery vasculitis and atherosclerosis.
Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”
Authors: Zhu Tong , Tang Mingjin , Gao Meng , Bi Xinhui , Cao Junji , Che Huizheng , Chen Jianmin , Ding Aijun , Fu Pingqing , Gao Jian , Gao Yang , Ge Maofa , Ge Xinlei , Han Zhiwei , He Hong , Huang Ru-Jin , Huang Xin , Liao Hong , Liu Cheng , Liu Huan , Liu Jianguo , Liu Shaw Chen , Lu Keding , Ma Qingxin , Nie Wei , Shao Min , Song Yu , Sun Yele , Tang Xiao , Wang Tao , Wang Tijian , Wang Weigang , Wang Xuemei , Wang Zifa , Yin Yan , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Weijun , Zhang Yanlin , Zhang Yunhong , Zhao Yu , Zheng Mei , Zhu Bin , Zhu Jiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the “air pollution complex” was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997. For papers published in 2021 on air pollution (only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered), more than 24 000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China. In this paper, we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years, including studies on (1) sources and emission inventories, (2) atmospheric chemical processes, (3) interactions of air pollution with meteorology, weather and climate, (4) interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere, and (5) data assimilation. The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years, but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China. The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established, provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China, and created great opportunities in education, training, and career development for many graduate students and young scientists. This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances, whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China, to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.
Does structured obstetric management play a role in the delivery mode and neonatal outcome of twin pregnancies?
Authors: Ge Isabell , Meschede Julia , Juhasz-Boess Ingolf , Kunze Mirjam , Markfeld-Erol Filiz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
While the optimal delivery method of twin pregnancies is debated, the rate of cesarean deliveries is increasing. This retrospective study evaluates delivery methods and neonatal outcome of twin pregnancies during two time periods and aims to identify predictive factors for the delivery outcome.

Methods
553 twin pregnancies were identified in the institutional database of the University Women’s Hospital Freiburg, Germany. 230 and 323 deliveries occurred in period I (2009–2014) and period II (2015–2021), respectively. Cesarean births due to non-vertex position of the first fetus were excluded. In period II, the management of twin pregnancies was reviewed; adjusted and systematic training with standardized procedures was implemented.

Results
Period II showed significantly lower rates of planned cesarean deliveries (44.0% vs. 63.5%, p < 0.0001) and higher rates of vaginal deliveries (68% vs. 52.4%, p = 0.02). Independent risk factors for primary cesarean delivery were period I, maternal age > 40 years, nulliparity, a history with a previous cesarean, gestational age < 37 completed weeks, monochorionicity and increasing birth weight difference (per 100 g or > 20%). Predictive factors for successful vaginal delivery were previous vaginal delivery gestational age between 34 and 36 weeks and vertex/vertex presentation of the fetuses. The neonatal outcomes of period I and II were not significantly different, but planned cesareans in general were associated with increased admission rates to the neonatal intensive care units. Inter-twin interval had no significant impact on neonatal outcome.

Conclusion
Structured regular training of obstetrical procedures may significantly reduce high cesarean rates and increase the benefit–risk ratio of vaginal deliveries.
The influence of climate and population density on Buxus hyrcana potential distribution and habitat connectivity
Authors: Alipour Shirin , Walas Łukasz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChanges in environmental factors, human impact, and interactions between them accelerate the extinction of woody species. Therefore, conservation programs are needed to protect endangered taxa. However, the relationship between climate, habitat fragmentation, and anthropogenic activities and their consequences are still not well understood. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the impact of climate change and human population density on the Buxus hyrcana Pojark distribution range, as well as the phenomenon of habitat fragmentation. Based on species occurrence data throughout the Hyrcanian Forests (north of Iran), the MAXENT model was employed to estimate the potential distribution and suitability changes. Morphological-spatial analysis (MSPA) and CIRCUITSCAPE were used to assess habitat fragmentation and its connectivity. According to the main results obtained from future scenarios, the potential range will significantly decrease due to the lack of suitable climatic conditions. Meanwhile, B. hyrcana may not be able to shift in potentially suitable areas because of human influence and geographic barriers. Under RCP scenarios the extent of the core area would be reduced and the edge/core ratio significantly increased. Altogether, we found negative effects of the environmental change and the human population density on the continuity of habitats of B. hyrcana. The results of the presented work may improve our knowledge connected with in situ and ex situ protection strategies.
Key role of environmental competence in successful use of entomopathogenic fungi in microbial pest control
Authors: Quesada-Moraga Enrique , González-Mas Natalia , Yousef-Yousef Meelad , Garrido-Jurado Inmaculada , Fernández-Bravo María 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the main negative effects of climate change on biological pest control is alteration of relationships between insect pests and their natural enemies (both entomophagous and entomopathogenic). Indeed, environmental conditions can have multiple effects on pest control success when using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), where conidial depletion, inactivation, and loss in virulence and infectivity can all occur. Appropriate mass production and formulation strategies for EPF can partially solve these problems. However, the only strategy to guarantee high virulence and infectivity is selection of environmentally competent fungal strains that are able to persist in the host environment for the required infection period. This review examines the criteria for selection of environmentally competent EPF. While UV radiation, followed by humidity and temperature, is probably the most important propagule depletion and inactivation factors in epigeal habitats, temperature is most critical for reducing the infectivity and virulence of EPF in epigeal and hypogeal habitats. In addition, geographical origin and other biotic and abiotic factors have an important impact which may guarantee the environmental competence of selected entomopathogenic fungal strains and, therefore, farmer willingness to replace chemicals with mycoinsecticides. To achieve this, it is urgent to promote the development of microbial control solutions adapted to relatively uniform climatic zones through more simplified, targeted, and less costly EPF approval and authorization.
Monte Carlo tree search algorithms for risk-aware and multi-objective reinforcement learning
Authors: Hayes Conor F. , Reymond Mathieu , Roijers Diederik M. , Howley Enda , Mannion Patrick 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn many risk-aware and multi-objective reinforcement learning settings, the utility of the user is derived from a single execution of a policy. In these settings, making decisions based on the average future returns is not suitable. For example, in a medical setting a patient may only have one opportunity to treat their illness. Making decisions using just the expected future returns–known in reinforcement learning as the value–cannot account for the potential range of adverse or positive outcomes a decision may have. Therefore, we should use the distribution over expected future returns differently to represent the critical information that the agent requires at decision time by taking both the future and accrued returns into consideration. In this paper, we propose two novel Monte Carlo tree search algorithms. Firstly, we present a Monte Carlo tree search algorithm that can compute policies for nonlinear utility functions (NLU-MCTS) by optimising the utility of the different possible returns attainable from individual policy executions, resulting in good policies for both risk-aware and multi-objective settings. Secondly, we propose a distributional Monte Carlo tree search algorithm (DMCTS) which extends NLU-MCTS. DMCTS computes an approximate posterior distribution over the utility of the returns, and utilises Thompson sampling during planning to compute policies in risk-aware and multi-objective settings. Both algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art in multi-objective reinforcement learning for the expected utility of the returns.
Mixed methods evaluation of the inaugural year of the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network’s (CPCRN) scholars program
Authors: Escoffery Cam , Petagna Courtney N. , Wangen Mary , Flicker Kimberly J. , Noblet Samuel B. , Sakhuja Mayank , Thomson Cynthia A. , Morrato Elaine H. , Adams Swann , Leeman Jennifer , Friedman Daniela B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A diverse workforce trained in dissemination & implementation (D&I) science is critical for improving cancer outcomes and reducing cancer-related health disparities. This study aims to describe and evaluate impact of the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) Scholars Program in preparing scholars for collaborative careers in cancer control and implementation research and practice, and offers evaluation-driven recommendations for program improvements.

Methods
The CPCRN Scholars Workgroup conducted a sequential, mixed methods evaluation. We collected baseline and follow-up surveys and invited all 20 scholars and ten mentors to participate in an exit interview. We assessed the experience with the Scholar’s program, ratings of D&I competences, progress on their project, feedback about the curriculum, and understanding of implementation science.

Results
Over 86% partially or fully completed their project within 9 months; 78% of scholars engaged with a CPCRN workgroup. Scholars rated the following program components as valuable: the Putting Public Health Evidence in Action (PPHEIA) training (88.9%), D&I training modules (83.3%), and webinars (kickoff webinar-88.9% and selecting theories/models-88.9%). There was an increase in D&I competencies from baseline to posttest, with the greatest in community engagement topics. About 78% reported that they were satisfied with format of the activities and increased confidence in ability to discuss D&I concepts. From the qualitative interviews, the benefit of the program was becoming more knowledgeable about D&I research and networking.

Conclusion
The inaugural year of the program yielded positive results, particularly related to increasing knowledge about D&I science and cancer control. This program builds the capacity of students, researchers and practitioners in D&I science.
Economic complexity and environmental pollution: evidence from the former socialist transition countries
Authors: Bucher Florian , Scheu Lucas , Schröpf Benedikt 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines the link between economic complexity and environmental pollution by exploiting a massive and unprecedented decline of CO2 emissions and complexity in the former socialist transition countries after the fall of the iron curtain. We refer to the extended theories of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), stating that environmental pollution follows an inverted u-shaped course with respect to economic complexity. Using comprehensive data of 27 countries for the period 1995–2017, our results show that the EKC can be found for countries whose complexity rose over time. Additionally, since the results for production-based and consumption-based CO2 emissions are similar, we can discard emissions offshoring as a major explaining factor. Consequently, our findings suggest that more complex products have influenced the u-shaped course of the EKC. However, as the turning point is associated with high levels of pollution, our estimates imply that complexity may even exacerbate environmental issues in the short and middle run in less developed countries.
Incident Report and Analysis of the 2021 Cox’s Bazar Rohingya Refugee Camp Fire in Bangladesh
Authors: Flores Quiroz Natalia , Walls Richard , Chamberlain Paul , Tan Genevieve , Milke James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccording to the UN Refugee Agency, roughly 980,000 people live in the Cox’s Bazar region in Bangladesh, making it the largest and most densely populated refugee camp in the world. The number of fires in this settlement rapidly increased in 2021. On 22 March, a large fire event occurred, where 15 fatalities and 560 injuries were reported, and more than 9500 homes were affected leaving 45,000 homeless. This work seeks to reconstruct this incident based on firefighters’ statements, information found in the media, and satellite imagery. The study shows that (a) the fire spread extremely fast, with linear spread rates between 79 and 310 m/h and an average areal spread rate of 92,850 m2/h estimated, (b) the firefighters performed two main operations, firefighting and the creation of fire barriers, (c) the residents self-evacuated, deciding when and where to evacuate, and (d) the residents’ actions were similar to what has been observed in residential fires, with several people mentioning looking for missing family members. Fire spread is analogous to wildland fires where conflagrations spread across large areas of combustible material. This work can be used in planning for future large-scale fire incidents in tented camps, and proactively seeking ways of mitigating their impact. This is the first detailed documentation of such a large-scale refugee camp incident in the academic literature.
Indigenous nutrient supply, weeding and fertilisation strategies influence on-farm N, P and K use efficiency in lowland rice
Authors: Awio Thomas , Struik Paul C. , Senthilkumar Kalimuthu , Dimkpa Christian O. , Otim-Nape George William , Stomph TjeerdJan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnhancing use efficiency of applied fertiliser increases farmers’ returns on fertiliser investment through reducing nutrient inputs and improving yields. We investigated on-farm how indigenous nutrient supply and management practices affected N, P, and K uptake, agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of fertiliser, and physiological efficiency of nutrients taken up, under irrigated lowland rice conditions in Uganda. Treatments included recommended agronomic practices (RAP) without fertilisation, farmers’ practice (FP), farmers’ selected intensification practice (FIP), and RAP with NPK fertilisation (RAP + NPK). Indigenous N, P, and K supply varied greatly among farmers’ fields. N, P, and K uptake were significantly higher under RAP + NPK than under RAP, FP, and FIP; however, physiological efficiency (PE; kg grain kg−1 nutrient uptake) was significantly lower under RAP + NPK by 19% (N), and 12% (P/K), due to a larger effect of NPK application on uptake than on yield, leading to higher tissue concentrations. Indigenous available N reduced apparent N recovery, and agronomic and physiological N efficiencies independent of treatment. Also, P and K PEs decreased with increasing indigenous supply. Delaying weeding beyond recommended time, in interaction with indigenous N supply, decreased agronomic N efficiency, but increased PE of N. Interaction between P rate and timing reduced its PE; K rate and weeding time interaction reduced its PE. The decrease in efficiencies at high indigenous supply and delayed weeding indicates a need for site-specific fertilisation strategies based on naturally available nutrient levels and proper weeding. Weeding and fertilisation timing directly affect nutrient use efficiency, and therefore, fertiliser use efficiency in rice production systems.
Inflammation across the spectrum of hypertrophic cardiac phenotypes
Authors: Lillo Rosa , Graziani Francesca , Franceschi Francesco , Iannaccone Giulia , Massetti Massimo , Olivotto Iacopo , Crea Filippo , Liuzzo Giovanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype encompasses a heterogeneous spectrum of genetic and acquired diseases characterized by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of abnormal cardiac loading conditions. This “umbrella diagnosis” includes the “classic” hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), due to sarcomere protein gene mutations, and its phenocopies caused by intra‐ or extracellular deposits, such as Fabry disease (FD) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA). All these conditions share a wide phenotypic variability which results from the combination of genetic and environmental factors and whose pathogenic mediators are poorly understood so far. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays a critical role in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular conditions, including cardiomyopathies. Indeed, inflammation can trigger molecular pathways which contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, extracellular matrix accumulation, and microvascular dysfunction. Growing evidence suggests that systemic inflammation is a possible key pathophysiologic process potentially involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac disease progression, influencing the severity of the phenotype and clinical outcome, including heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the prevalence, clinical significance, and potential therapeutic implications of inflammation in HCM and two of its most important phenocopies, FD and CA.
Unifying Splitting
Authors: Ebner Gabriel , Blanchette Jasmin , Tourret Sophie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAVATAR is an elegant and effective way to split clauses in a saturation prover using a SAT solver. But is it refutationally complete? And how does it relate to other splitting architectures? To answer these questions, we present a unifying framework that extends a saturation calculus (e.g., superposition) with splitting and that embeds the result in a prover guided by a SAT solver. The framework also allows us to studylocking, a subsumption-like mechanism based on the current propositional model. Various architectures are instances of the framework, including AVATAR, labeled splitting, and SMT with quantifiers.