bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Three Modalities of Feeding in Preterm Infants ≤32 Weeks and ≤1,250 G: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Thakur Anup , Garg Pankaj , Kler Neelam 
Published: April 2023

Objective Early establishment of enteral feeds is desirable in very preterm infants, but it may be associated with feeding intolerance. Several feeding methods have been studied with no strong evidence to suggest the preferred feeding method to establish early full enteral feeds. We studied three modalities of feeding in preterm infants ≤32 weeks and ≤1,250 g: continuous infusion (CI), intermittent bolus by infusion (IBI), and intermittent bolus by gravity (IBG) for their effect on time to reach full enteral feeds of 180 mL/kg/d.
Study Design We randomized 146 infants, 49 infants in each CI and IBI group and 48 infants in the IBG group. In the CI group, feeds were delivered by an infusion pump continuously over 24 hours. In the IBI group, feeds were given every 2 hours and infused over 15 minutes by an infusion pump. In the IBG group, feeds were delivered by gravity over 10 to 30 minutes. The intervention was continued till infants reached direct breast/cup feeds.
Results The mean (standard deviation) gestation in CI, IBI, and IBG groups were 28.4 (2.2), 28.5(1.9), and 28.6 (1.8) weeks, respectively. The time to reach full feeds in CI, IBI, and IBG were not significantly different (median [interquartile range]: 13 [10–16], 11.5 [9–17], and 13 [9.5–14.2] d, respectively, p = 0.71). The proportions of infants who developed feeding intolerance in CI, IBI, and IBG were similar (n [%]: 21 [51.2%], 20 [52.6%], and 22 [64.7%], respectively, p = 0.45). There was no difference in necrotizing enterocolitis ≥2 (p = 0.80), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.86), intraventricular hemorrhage ≥2 (p = 0.35), patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment (p = 0.44), retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment (p = 0.51), and growth parameters at discharge.
Conclusion In preterm infants, ≤32 weeks of gestation and birth weight ≤1,250 g, there was no difference in time to reach full enteral feeds in the three modalities of feeding. This study is registered with Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI) and the registration number is CTRI/2017/06/008792.
Key Points
Association between Acculturation and Obesity among Female Migrants in the United Arab Emirates: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Shah Syed M. , Paulo Marília Silva , Loney Tom , Nauman Javaid , Govender Romona D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction Emerging evidence suggests that the “healthy migrant effect” may diminish over time with increasing years of residency in the host country. However, few studies have documented the duration of residence associated with the prevalence of obesity among female migrants. This study examined the hypothesis that acculturation is associated with an increased prevalence of obesity among female migrants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the age of participants was 34.0 ± 9.9 years. The overall prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central adiposity was 30.0, 16.8, and 43.2%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central adiposity varied across nationalities, with 28.6, 6.9, and 30.3% among Filipinos; 30.1, 37.5, and 66.9% among Arabs; and 33.1, 17.3, and 72.4% among South Asians, respectively. After controlling for age, female migrants with ≥5 years of residence in the UAE were twice as likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.12 [95%confidence interval (CI): 1.05–4.27]) and having a central adiposity (aOR: 2.05 [95%CI: 1.09–3.84]) as compared with those with fewer years of residence. Female migrants who reported walking for ≤30 min/d were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR: 0.41 [95%CI: 0.17–0.97]) or exhibit central adiposity (aOR: 0.21 [95%CI: 0.08, 0.59]).
Conclusion The findings of the study suggest that duration of residence among female migrants in the UAE is an indicator of acculturation and is associated with unfavorable changes in body composition. Public health programs should focus on promoting healthy lifestyle choices and physical activity among females in the UAE.
Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm of Gallbladder in a Middle-Aged Woman—A Rare Entity
Authors: Bhat Shubha Padmanabha , Abhiram Sreelakshmi , Teerthanath Srinivas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntracholecystic papillary neoplasm of the gallbladder is a rare and relatively new entity in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the digestive system. It mainly occurs in elderly women. It is an exophytic, granular, and friable mass seen in gallbladder mucosa, often mistaken clinically as sludge. We report a middle-aged female with abdominal pain and a vague mass in the right hypochondrium. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the gallbladder lumen extending from the fundus to the neck, causing an irregular luminal obstruction. Histopathological examination of the cholecystectomy specimen showed features of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm of biliary and oncocytic type with low-grade dysplasia.
Scheduled Postoperative Ketorolac Does Not Decrease Opiate Use following Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Sudduth Jack D. , Moss Whitney D. , Clinker Christopher , Marquez Jessica L. , Anderson Eric , Eddington Devin , Agarwal Jayant , Kwok Alvin C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background In the setting of the opioid crisis, managing postoperative pain without the exclusive use of opiates has become a topic of interest. Many hospitals have begun implementing enhanced recovery after surgery protocols to decrease postoperative complications, hospital costs, and opiate utilization. Ketorolac has been added to many of these protocols, but few studies have examined its effects independently.
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients that received autologous breast reconstruction from October 2020 to June 2022 at an academic institution. We identified patients who did and did not receive postoperative ketorolac. Use of ketorolac was based upon surgeon preference. The two groups were compared in basic demographics, reconstruction characteristics, length of stay, complications, reoperations, and morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs).
Results One-hundred ten patients were included for the analysis, with 55 receiving scheduled postoperative ketorolac and 55 who did not receive ketorolac. There were seven incidences of postoperative complications in each group (12.7%, p = 1.00). The total mean postoperative MMEs were 344.7 for the nonketorolac group and 336.5 for the ketorolac group (p = 0.81). No variable was found to be independently associated with postoperative opiate use. Ketorolac was not found to contribute significantly to any postoperative complication.
Conclusion In this study, the use of ketorolac did not significantly reduce opiate use in a cohort of 110 patients. Surgeons should consider whether the use of ketorolac alone is the best option to reduce postoperative opiate use following free flap breast reconstruction.
Risk entanglement and the social relationality of risk
Authors: von Scheve Christian , Lange Markus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRelational accounts of risk explain variation in risk perception through situated cognitions defining risk as a relationship between “risk objects” and “objects at risk”. We extend this approach to include not only the relational constitution of cognitive risk objects, but also of the different actors assessing risk. Risk in this perspective is relational because it establishes a link between two different cognitive objects and between two (or more) actors. We argue that this is the case when at least two actors refer to a common risk object while retaining distinct objects at risk. We call this a constellation of risk entanglement across actors. We illustrate our theoretical arguments using data from 68 qualitative interviews and ethnographic fieldwork in the German finance-state nexus. Our analyses indicate how risk entanglement affects and transforms the fundamental logics according to which both of these fields operate.
Neutron interferometry using a single modulated phase grating
Authors: Hidrovo I. , Dey J. , Meyer H. , Hussey D. S. , Klimov N. N. , Butler L. G. , Ham K. , Newhauser W. 
Published: April 2023

Neutron grating interferometry provides information on phase and small-angle scatter in addition to attenuation. Previously, phase grating moiré interferometers (PGMI) with two or three phase gratings have been developed. These phase-grating systems use the moiré far-field technique to avoid the need for high-aspect absorption gratings used in Talbot–Lau interferometers (TLI) that reduce the neutron flux reaching the detector. We first demonstrate, through theory and simulations, a novel phase grating interferometer system for cold neutrons that requires a single modulated phase grating (MPG) for phase-contrast imaging, as opposed to the two or three phase gratings in previously employed PGMI systems. The theory shows the dual modulation of MPG with a large period and a smaller carrier pitch P, resulting in large fringes at the detector. The theory was compared to the full Sommerfeld–Rayleigh diffraction integral simulator. Then, we proceeded to compare the MPG system to experiments in the literature that use a two-phase-grating-based PGMI with best-case visibility of around 39%. The simulations of the MPG system show improved visibility in comparison to that of the two-phase-grating-based PGMI. An MPG with a modulation period of 300 µm, the pitch of 2 µm, and grating heights with a phase modulation of (π,0, illuminated by a monochromatic beam produces visibility of 94.2% with a comparable source-to-detector distance (SDD) as the two-phase-grating-based PGMI. Phase sensitivity, another important performance metric of the grating interferometer, was compared to values available in the literature, viz. the conventional TLI with the phase sensitivity of 4.5 × 103 for an SDD of 3.5 m and a beam wavelength of 0.44 nm. For a range of modulation periods, the MPG system provides comparable or greater theoretical maximum phase sensitivity of 4.1 × 103 to 10.0 × 103 for SDDs of up to 3.5 m. This proposed MPG system appears capable of providing high-performance PGMI that obviates the need for the alignment of two phase gratings.
Evidence of fish community fragmentation in a tropical river upstream and downstream of a dam, despite the presence of a fishway
Authors: Atminarso Dwi , Baumgartner Lee J. , Watts Robyn J. , Rourke Meaghan L. , Bond Jennifer , Wibowo Arif 
Published: April 2023

Context Rapid human population growth has increased demand for water supply, food security, electricity, and flood mitigation worldwide. To address these challenges, governments have invested heavily in the expansion of water infrastructure. However, there is substantial evidence that globally, this infrastructure impacts aquatic ecosystems and can have a significant impact on the persistence of fish species. Despite being well understood globally, the impacts of dams on fish have been given scant attention in Indonesia. Thus, considerations for fish are rarely included in river development planning frameworks. Methods To document the impact of riverine barriers on Indonesian freshwater fish, we surveyed multiple sites, using three different kinds of gear (gillnets, castnets, and bait traps), upstream and downstream of Perjaya Dam in the Komering River. Key results The study revealed 13 of 36 species were found only downstream of the dam and five of 36 species were found only above the dam. There were significant differences in fish community composition between upstream and downstream regions using either fish abundance (Pseudo-F = 4.495, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05), species richness (Pseudo-F = 15.837, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05) or species diversity as the response metrics (Pseudo-F = 8.3256, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05). Conclusions The local extirpation of many species from upstream areas suggests that the Perjaya Dam hinders fish migration. Implications Despite containing a fishway, the results indicate that fish are not successfully recolonising upstream reaches.
Direct imaging of micrometer-thick interfaces in salt–salt aqueous biphasic systems
Authors: Degoulange Damien , Pandya Raj , Deschamps Michael , Skiba Dhyllan A. , Gallant Betar M. , Gigan Sylvain , de Aguiar Hilton B. , Grimaud Alexis 
Published: April 2023

Unlike the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) formed between water and polar solvents, molecular understanding of the liquid–liquid interface formed for aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) is relatively limited and mostly relies on surface tension measurements and thermodynamic models. Here, high-resolution Raman imaging is used to provide spatial and chemical resolution of the interface of lithium chloride - lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide - water (LiCl–LiTFSI–water) and HCl–LiTFSI–water, prototypical salt–salt ABSs found in a range of electrochemical applications. The concentration profiles of both TFSI anions and water are found to be sigmoidal thus not showing any signs of a positive adsorption for both salts and solvent. More striking, however, is the length at which the concentration profiles extend, ranging from 11 to 2 µm with increasing concentrations, compared to a few nanometers for ITIES. We thus reveal that unlike ITIES, salt–salt ABSs do not have a molecularly sharp interface but rather form an interphase with a gradual change of environment from one phase to the other. This knowledge represents a major stepping-stone in the understanding of aqueous interfaces, key for mastering ion or electron transfer dynamics in a wide range of biological and technological settings including novel battery technologies such as membraneless redox flow and dual-ion batteries.
The temporal and contextual stability of activity levels in hippocampal CA1 cells
Authors: Hayashi Yuichiro , Kobayakawa Ko , Kobayakawa Reiko 
Published: April 2023

Recent long-term optical imaging studies have demonstrated that the activity levels of hippocampal neurons in a familiar environment change on a daily to weekly basis. However, it is unclear whether there is any time-invariant property in the cells’ neural representations. In this study, using miniature fluorescence microscopy, we measured the neural activity of the mouse hippocampus in four different environments every 3 d. Although the activity level of hippocampal neurons fluctuated greatly in each environment across days, we found a significant correlation between the activity levels for different days, and the correlation was higher for averaged activity levels across multiple environments. When the number of environments used for averaging was increased, a higher activity correlation was observed. Furthermore, the number of environments in which a cell showed activity was preserved. Cells that showed place cell activity in many environments had greater spatial information content and more stable spatial representation, and thus carried more abundant and stable information about the current position. In contrast, cells that were active only in a small number of environments provided sparse representation for the environment. These results suggest that each cell has not only an inherent activity level but also play a characteristic role in the coding of space.
Learning image representations for content-based image retrieval of radiotherapy treatment plans
Authors: Huang Charles , Vasudevan Varun , Pastor-Serrano Oscar , Islam Md Tauhidul , Nomura Yusuke , Dubrowski Piotr , Wang Jen-Yeu , Schulz Joseph B , Yang Yong , Xing Lei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. In this work, we propose a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) method for retrieving dose distributions of previously planned patients based on anatomical similarity. Retrieved dose distributions from this method can be incorporated into automated treatment planning workflows in order to streamline the iterative planning process. As CBIR has not yet been applied to treatment planning, our work seeks to understand which current machine learning models are most viable in this context. Approach. Our proposed CBIR method trains a representation model that produces latent space embeddings of a patient’s anatomical information. The latent space embeddings of new patients are then compared against those of previous patients in a database for image retrieval of dose distributions. All source code for this project is available on github. Main results. The retrieval performance of various CBIR methods is evaluated on a dataset consisting of both publicly available image sets and clinical image sets from our institution. This study compares various encoding methods, ranging from simple autoencoders to more recent Siamese networks like SimSiam, and the best performance was observed for the multitask Siamese network. Significance. Our current results demonstrate that excellent image retrieval performance can be obtained through slight changes to previously developed Siamese networks. We hope to integrate CBIR into automated planning workflow in future works.
Effective circuit modelling and experimental realization of an ultra-compact self-rectifier flux pump
Authors: Mallett B P P , Venuturumilli S , Geng J , Clarke J , Leuw B , Rice J H P , Moseley D A , Bumby C W , Badcock R A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents experimental and modelling results of an ultra-compact self-rectifier flux pump (FP) energizing a superconducting coil. The device fits inside a volume of

65
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mm and generates up to 320 A dc through the coil and a peak output voltage up to 60 mV. We also develop and present a full electromagnetic effective circuit model of the FP and compare its predictions to the experimental results. We show that our model can reproduce accurately the charging of the load coil and that it reproduces the systematic dependence of the maximum load coil current on the input current waveform. The experiments and modelling together show also the importance of dc-flux offsets in the transformer core on the final achievable current through the coil. The miniaturization possible for this class of FP and their minimal heat-leak into the cryogenic environment from thermal conduction make them attractive for applications with demanding size, weight and power limitations. Our effective circuit model is a useful tool in the understanding, design and optimization of such FPs which will accelerate their progression from research devices to their application.
Investigation of Coulomb’s law and the nature of the electric charge
Authors: Darwish Saqer M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This theoretical work investigates spin-spin energy in the hydrogen atom and its relation to Coulomb’s force law. Most elementary particles are assigned intrinsic properties of carrying electric charges, which leave us blundering about the essence of electric charge. The perplexity originated in Coulomb’s force law when the proportionality constant is expressed using the free vacuum electric permittivity constant ε
0 in units of. C2m−2. N−1. Introducing these units by the proportionality constant canceled any direct role for the electric charge. In this research, a genuine suggestion based on energy conservation redefines Coulomb’s force law. A new formula has been suggested for the force between two spinning particles. The results of energy and force calculations agreed with Coulomb’s law evaluations. The spin-spin energy is related to the electric potential energy, and the electric charge is found to be connected to the rotational energy of the mass.
Recent advances in the mechanics of 2D materials
Authors: Wang Guorui , Hou Hongyu , Yan Yunfeng , Jagatramka Ritesh , Shirsalimian Amir , Wang Yafei , Li Binzhao , Daly Matthew , Cao Changhong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The exceptional physical properties and unique layered structure of two-dimensional (2D) materials have made this class of materials great candidates for applications in electronics, energy conversion/storage devices, nanocomposites, and multifunctional coatings, among others. At the center of this application space, mechanical properties play a vital role in materials design, manufacturing, integration and performance. The emergence of 2D materials has also sparked broad scientific inquiry, with new understanding of mechanical interactions between 2D structures and interfaces being of great interest to the community. Building on the dramatic expansion of recent research activities, here we review significant advances in the understanding of the elastic properties, in-plane failures, fatigue performance, interfacial shear/friction, and adhesion behavior of 2D materials. In this article, special emphasis is placed on some new 2D materials, novel characterization techniques and computational methods, as well as insights into deformation and failure mechanisms. A deep understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern 2D material mechanics is further provided, in the hopes that the community may draw design strategies for structural and interfacial engineering of 2D material systems. We end this review article with a discussion of our perspective on the state of the field and outlook on areas for future research directions.
Inverse Probability Weights for Quasi-Continuous Ordinal Exposures with a Binary Outcome: Method Comparison and Case Study
Authors: Sack Daniel E , Shepherd Bryan E , Audet Carolyn M , De Schacht Caroline , Samuels Lauren R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Inverse probability weighting (IPW), a well-established method to control for confounding in observational studies with binary exposures, has been extended to analyses with continuous exposures. Methods developed for continuous exposures may not apply when the exposure is quasi-continuous due to irregular exposure distributions that violate key assumptions. We used simulations and cluster-randomized clinical trial data to assess four approaches developed for continuous exposures – ordinary least squares (OLS), covariate balancing generalized propensity scores (CBGPS), non-parametric covariate balancing generalized propensity scores (npCBGPS), and quantile binning (QB) – and a novel method – a cumulative probability model (CPM) – in quasi-continuous exposure settings. We compared IPW stability, covariate balance, bias, mean squared error, and standard error estimation across 3000 simulations with six different quasi-continuous exposures, varying in skewness and granularity. In general, CBGPS and npCBGPS resulted in excellent covariate balance, and npCBGPS was the least biased but most variable. The QB and CPM approaches had the lowest mean squared error, particularly with marginally skewed exposures. We then successfully applied the IPW approaches, together with missing-data techniques, to assess how session attendance (out of 15) in a partners-based clustered intervention among pregnant couples living with HIV in Mozambique influenced postpartum contraceptive uptake.