bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biometric Risk Factors for Angle Closure Progression After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy
Authors: Bao Yicheng K. , Xu Benjamin Y. , Friedman David S. , Cho Austin , Foster Paul J. , Jiang Yu , Porporato Natalia , Pardeshi Anmol A. , Jiang Yuzhen , Munoz Beatriz , Aung Tin , He Mingguang 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceLaser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is the most common primary treatment for primary angle closure disease (PACD). However, there are sparse data guiding the longitudinal care of PAC suspect (PACS) eyes after LPI.ObjectiveTo elucidate the anatomic effects of LPI that are associated with a protective outcome against progression from PACS to PAC and acute angle closure (AAC) and to identify biometric factors that predict progression after LPI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective analysis of data from the Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention (ZAP) trial, a study of mainland Chinese people aged 50 to 70 years with bilateral PACS who received LPI in 1 randomly selected eye. Gonioscopy and anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging were performed 2 weeks after LPI. Progression was defined as the development of PAC or an acute angle closure (AAC) attack. Cohort A included a random mix of treated and untreated eyes, and cohort B included only eyes treated with LPI. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were developed to assess biometric risk factors for progression in cohorts A and B. Data were analyzed from January 4 to December 22, 2022.Main Outcome and MeasureSix-year progression to PAC or AAC.ResultsCohort A included 878 eyes from 878 participants (mean [SD] age, 58.9 [5.0] years; 726 female [82.7%]) of whom 44 experienced progressive disease. In a multivariable analysis, treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.34-1.33; P = .25) was no longer associated with progression after adjusting for age and trabecular iris space area at 500 μm (TISA at 500 μm) at the 2-week visit. Cohort B included 869 treated eyes from 869 participants (mean [SD] age, 58.9 [5.0] years; 717 female [82.5%]) of whom 19 experienced progressive disease. In multivariable analysis, TISA at 500 μm (HR, 1.33 per 0.01 mm2 smaller; 95% CI, 1.12-1.56; P = .001) and cumulative gonioscopy score (HR, 1.25 per grade smaller; 95% CI, 1.03-1.52; P = .02) at the 2-week visit were associated with progression. Persistent angle narrowing on AS-OCT (TISA at 500 μm ≤0.05 mm2; HR, 9.41; 95% CI, 3.39-26.08; P &amp;lt;.001) or gonioscopy (cumulative score ≤6; HR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.13-6.93; P =.04) conferred higher risk of progression.Conclusions and RelevanceStudy results suggest that persistent angle narrowing detected by AS-OCT or cumulative gonioscopy score was predictive of disease progression in PACS eyes after LPI. These findings suggest that AS-OCT and gonioscopy may be performed to identify patients at high risk of developing angle closure who may benefit from closer monitoring despite patent LPI.
Association Between Myopia and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma by Race and Ethnicity in Older Adults in the California Medicare Population
Authors: Yao Melissa , Kitayama Ken , Yu Fei , Tseng Victoria L. , Coleman Anne L. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceRacial and ethnic differences in the association between myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are not well understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between myopia and POAG in the 2019 California Medicare population and to investigate whether there was evidence of effect measure modification of this association by race and ethnicity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used administrative claims data from 2019 California Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older with California residence and active coverage with Medicare parts A and B. Analysis took place between October 2021 and October 2023.ExposuresThe primary exposure was myopia, which was defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis codes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was POAG, which was defined by ICD-10-CM code.ResultsOf 2 717 346 California Medicare beneficiaries in 2019, 1 440 769 (53.0%) were aged 65 to 74 years, 1 544 479 (56.8%) identified as female, 60 211 (2.2%) had myopia, and 171 988 (6.3%) had POAG. Overall, 346 723 individuals (12.8%) identified as Asian, 117 856 (4.3%) as Black, 430 597 (15.8%) as Hispanic, 1 705 807 (62.8%) as White, and 115 363 (4.2%) as other race and ethnicity. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, beneficiaries with myopia had higher odds of POAG compared with beneficiaries without myopia (odds ratio [OR], 2.41; 95% CI, 2.35-2.47). In multivariable models stratified by race and ethnicity, the association between myopia and POAG was stronger in Asian (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.57-2.92), Black (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.31-2.94), and Hispanic (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 3.08-3.48) beneficiaries compared with non-Hispanic White beneficiaries (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 2.08-2.21).Conclusions and RelevanceIn the 2019 California Medicare population, myopia was associated with greater adjusted odds of POAG. This association was stronger among Asian, Black, and Hispanic beneficiaries compared with non-Hispanic White beneficiaries. These findings suggest possible disparities in glaucoma risk by race and ethnicity in individuals with myopia and may indicate greater need for glaucoma screening in individuals with myopia from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds.
The ABC of Generalized Coordination Numbers and Their Use as a Descriptor in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Calle‐Vallejo Federico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe quest for enhanced electrocatalysts can be boosted by descriptor‐based analyses. Because adsorption energies are the most common descriptors, electrocatalyst design is largely based on brute‐force routines that comb materials databases until an energetic criterion is verified. In this review, it is shown that an alternative is provided by generalized coordination numbers (denoted by or GCN), an inexpensive geometric descriptor for strained and unstrained transition metals and some alloys. captures trends in adsorption energies on both extended surfaces and nanoparticles and is used to elaborate structure‐sensitive electrocatalytic activity plots and selectivity maps. Importantly, outlines the geometric configuration of the active sites, thereby enabling an atom‐by‐atom design, which is not possible using energetic descriptors. Specific examples for various adsorbates (e.g., *OH, *OOH, *CO, and *H), metals (e.g., Pt and Cu), and electrocatalytic reactions (e.g., O2 reduction, H2 evolution, CO oxidation, and reduction) are presented, and comparisons are made against other descriptors.
Molecular stacking controlling coherent and incoherent singlet fission in polymorph rubrene single crystals
Authors: Liu Yanping , Yang Xuexiao , Ye Lei , Ma Haibo , Zhu Haiming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSinglet fission (SF) is an appealing process where one photoexcited singlet transforms to two triplets, which can overcome thermalization energy loss and improve solar cell efficiency. However, it remains unclear how intermolecular coupling, which is subject to molecular stacking, controls SF pathways and dynamics. Here, we prepared polymorph rubrene single crystals with different stacking geometries, including orthorhombic (Orth.), triclinic (Tri.), and monoclinic (Mono.) phases. By micro‐area ultrafast spectroscopy, we find that Orth. and Tri. phases with closer π‐π stacking exhibit co‐existing coherent and incoherent SF channels while loosely stacked Mono. phase shows only incoherent SF. Furthermore, incoherent SF is thermally activated in Orth. but barrierless in Mono. and Tri. phases. Quantum mechanical calculation reveals that different electronic coupling strength in different phases leads to different SF dynamics. This study demonstrates that molecular stacking governs SF dynamics through electronic coupling, providing guidance for designing efficient SF materials via crystal structural engineering.
Don't forget primary progressive aphasia for anti‐amyloid drugs: An estimation of eligible patients from the Lausanne Memory Center registry
Authors: Hausmann Alessa , Chiabotti Paolo Salvioni , Nasuti Mirco , Rouaud Olivier , Allali Gilles 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study recently published on the clinical effect of lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) only includes patients with amnestic presentation. However, a significant portion of AD patients presents a non‐amnestic phenotype of AD, such as primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and could benefit of rather than on lecanemab. Therefore, we conducted a 10‐year retrospective study at the Leenaards Memory Center in Lausanne (Switzerland) to identify how many PPA patients would be eligible for lecanemab. Among 54 patients with PPA, we identified 11 (20%) eligible patients. Furthermore, almost half of the 18 patients with logopenic variant would be eligible for lecanemab treatment.
Overcoming the Ambient Manufacturability‐Performance Bottleneck in Perovskite Nanocrystal Emitters for Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yin Wenxu , Li Mengkai , Dong Wei , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zheng Weitao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractColloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have risen rapidly in luminescence efficiency and color purity. However, their high performance requires careful and complex pre‐treatment of precursors and precise regulation of the reaction atmosphere; otherwise, their emission will be weak and broad. To overcome these limitations, we develop a facile ligand exchange method using a new type of bidentate ligand, which is obtained by reacting cheap sulfur with tributylphosphine (S‐TBP). During ligand exchange, the double bond between P and S atoms breaks and a single bond is formed between them, after which S‐TBP switches into a bidentate ligand and binds to a perovskite NC at two points. With short‐chain S‐TBP ligands that have high spatial position resistance, both NC spacing and surface ligand density can be reduced, thereby improving carrier injection and transport. On the NC surface after ligand exchange, halogen vacancies were substantially filled, leading to a PbSP (Pb, S, and P elements) component‐dominated shell that greatly decreases trap density and enhances material stability. The resulting perovskite NCs are stable and bright with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈96 %, and an external quantum efficiency of 22 %. Note that our ligand‐exchange strategy remains effective even when scaling up, which should accelerate commercialization.
Dual Recycling of Depolymerization Catalyst and Biodegradable Polyester that Markedly Outperforms Polyolefins
Authors: Li Xin‐Lei , Clarke Ryan W. , An Hai‐Yan , Gowda Ravikumar R. , Jiang Jing‐Yang , Xu Tie‐Qi , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChemically recyclable, circular polymers continue to attract increasing attention, but rendering both catalysts for depolymerization and high‐performance polymers recyclable is a more sustainable yet challenging goal. Here we introduce a dual catalyst/polymer recycling system in that recyclable inorganic phosphomolybdic acid catalyzes selective depolymerization of high‐ceiling‐temperature biodegradable poly(δ‐valerolactone) in bulk phase, which, upon reaching suitable molecular weight, exhibits outstanding mechanical performance with a high tensile strength of ≈66.6 MPa, fracture strain of ≈904 %, and toughness of ≈308 MJ m−3, and thus markedly outperforms commodity polyolefins, recovering its monomer in pure state and quantitative yield at only 100 °C. In sharp contrast, the uncatalyzed depolymerization not only requires a high temperature of >310 °C but is also low yielding and non‐selective. Importantly, the recovered monomer can be repolymerized as is to reproduce the same polymer, thereby closing the circular loop, and the recycled catalyst can be reused repeatedly for depolymerization runs without loss of its catalytic activity and efficiency.
Phosphorothioated DNA Engineered Liposomes as a General Platform for Stimuli‐Responsive Cell‐Specific Intracellular Delivery and Genome Editing
Authors: Yan An , Chen Xiaoqing , He Jie , Ge Yifan , Liu Qing , Men Dong , Xu Ke , Li Di 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntracellular protein delivery is highly desirable for protein drug‐based cell therapy. Established technologies suffer from poor cell‐specific cytosolic protein delivery, which hampers the targeting therapy of specific cell populations. A fusogenic liposome system enables cytosolic delivery, but its ability of cell‐specific and controllable delivery is quite limited. Inspired by the kinetics of viral fusion, we designed a phosphorothioated DNA coatings‐modified fusogenic liposome to mimic the function of viral hemagglutinin. The macromolecular fusion machine docks cargo‐loaded liposomes at the membrane of target cells, triggers membrane fusion upon pH or UV light stimuli, and facilitates cytosolic protein delivery. Our results showed efficient cell‐targeted delivery of proteins of various sizes and charges, indicating the phosphorothioated DNA plug‐in unit on liposomes could be a general strategy for spatial‐temporally controllable protein delivery both in vitro and in vivo.
Tuning Pore Polarization to Boost Ethane/Ethylene Separation Performance in Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhou Yunzhe , Chen Cheng , Krishna Rajamani , Ji Zhenyu , Yuan Daqiang , Wu Mingyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) show great potential in energy‐saving C2H6/C2H4 separation, but there are few examples of one‐step acquisition of C2H4 from C2H6/C2H4 because it is still difficult to achieve the reverse‐order adsorption of C2H6 and C2H4. In this work, we boost the C2H6/C2H4 separation performance in two graphene‐sheet‐like HOFs by tuning pore polarization. Upon heating, an in situ solid phase transformation can be observed from HOF‐NBDA(DMA) (DMA=dimethylamine cation) to HOF‐NBDA, accompanied with transformation of the electronegative skeleton into neutral one. As a result, the pore surface of HOF‐NBDA has become nonpolar, which is beneficial to selectively adsorbing C2H6. The difference in the capacities for C2H6 and C2H4 is 23.4 cm3 g−1 for HOF‐NBDA, and the C2H6/C2H4 uptake ratio is 136 %, which are much higher than those for HOF‐NBDA(DMA) (5.0 cm3 g−1 and 108 % respectively). Practical breakthrough experiments demonstrate HOF‐NBDA could produce polymer‐grade C2H4 from C2H6/C2H4 (1/99, v/v) mixture with a high productivity of 29.2 L kg−1 at 298 K, which is about five times as high as HOF‐NBDA(DMA) (5.4 L kg−1). In addition, in situ breakthrough experiments and theoretical calculations indicate the pore surface of HOF‐NBDA is beneficial to preferentially capture C2H6 and thus boosts selective separation of C2H6/C2H4.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkyne Hydrocyanation toward Ligand‐Controlled Stereodivergent Synthesis of (E)‐ and (Z)‐Trisubstituted Acrylonitriles
Authors: Long Jinguo , Zhao Ruihua , Cheng Gui‐Juan , Fang Xianjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe herein describe a palladium‐catalyzed hydrocyanation of propiolamides for the stereodivergent synthesis of trisubstituted acrylonitriles. This synthetic method tolerated various primary, secondary and tertiary propiolamides. The cautious selection of a suitable ligand is essential to the success of this stereodivergent process. Control experiments indicate the intermediacy of E‐acrylonitriles, which lead to Z‐acrylonitriles via isomerization. The density functional theory calculations suggests that the bidentate ligand L2 enables a feasible cyclometallation/isomerization pathway for the E to Z isomerization, while the monodentate ligand L1 inhibits the isomerization, leading to divergent stereoselectivity. The usefulness of this method can be demonstrated by the readily derivatization of products to give various E‐ and Z‐trisubstituted alkenes. In addition, the E‐ and Z‐acrylonitrile products have also been successfully employed in cycloaddition reactions.
Effect of solid‐state fermentation on select antinutrients and protein digestibility of cold‐pressed and hexane‐extracted canola meals
Authors: Li Chenghao , Shi Dai , Stone Andrea K. , Wang Yixiao , Wanasundara Janitha P. D. , Tanaka Takuji , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effects of solid‐state fermentation (SSF), including strain (Aspergillus niger NRRL 334 and A. oryzae NRRL 5590) and fermentation time (24, 48, and 72 h) on the nutritional value of cold‐pressed (CP) and hexane‐extracted (HE) canola meals were examined. SSF increased the protein content of both types of meals (from ~36% to ~40%) while reducing the oil content of CP meals (from ~12% to 9%). There was a significant reduction (~80%) in the phytic acid content of both types of meals after fermentation using either fungi. Overall, fermented samples showed a decrease in the total phenolic content from 2.7–3.1 to ~1.0 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry meal (DM) (a ~65% reduction), of which specifically the HE meal fermented with A. niger sample had the greatest decrease from 3.1 to 0.6 mg GAE/g DM (~81% reduction). Seventy‐two hours of fermentation decreased the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of A. oryzae fermented meals. In contrast, a shorter fermentation time (24 h) increased the IVPD for most samples as compared to the controls (from ~72%–73% to 77%–81%), with the exception of the CP meal fermented with A. niger which had similar IVPD at all fermentation times. Overall, the changes indicate that SSF using A. niger or A. oryzae can be useful to positively modify the composition of different canola meals and improve their nutritional value by significantly increasing the protein content, decreasing the levels of antinutrients, while only slightly reducing IVPD.
Preventing Surgical Site Infections: Implementing Strategies Throughout the Perioperative Continuum
Authors: Rosa Rossana , Sposato Kathleen , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTSurgical site infections (SSIs) are a considerable cause of patient morbidity and mortality and are associated with increased hospital lengths of stay as well as increased health care costs to both patients and health care facilities. Substantial advances have been made in infection control practices throughout the perioperative setting to prevent SSIs and improve patient quality of care. Preventing and reducing SSIs requires a multifaceted approach encompassing the continuum of medical and surgical care. This article reviews four major infection prevention guidelines and provides an updated summary of effective strategies that perioperative team members can implement for the prevention of SSIs preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.
Clinical Issues — May 2023
Authors: Cahn Julie 
Published: April 2023

THIS MONTH
Indications for use of intraoperative autologous red blood cell salvage
Key words: intraoperative red blood cell salvage, autologous blood, blood loss, transfusion, collection.
Contraindications for use of intraoperative autologous red blood cell salvage
Key words: intraoperative red blood cell salvage, red blood cell lysis, relative contraindications, autologous red blood cells, cell salvage devices.
Second victim phenomenon after adverse events
Key words: second victim, support program, Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST), adverse event, personal integrity.
Synthesis and characterization of low generation polyamidoamine dendrimers and release of 5‐fluorouracil from their complexes
Authors: Encalada‐Alayola Juan , Uribe‐Calderón Jorge A. , Herrera‐Kao Wilberth A. , Duarte‐Aranda Santiago , Alonzo‐Medina Gerardo M. , Domínguez‐Maldonado Rubén , Cervantes‐Uc José Manuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the potential of low‐generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as drug nanocarriers for 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), an anticancer drug, and to determine the type of dendrimer generation (half or full) with the highest drug load capacity and slowest release rate. For this, PAMAM dendrimers (up to 2.0 generation) were synthesized and characterized by means of spectroscopic techniques and thermal analysis. Then, 5‐FU was successfully incorporated into dendrimers, and the resulting complexes were characterized in terms of their, elemental composition, spectroscopy, thermal behavior, and loading efficacy. In addition, in vitro release studies of 5‐fluorouracil from complexes were conducted using phosphate‐buffered saline; and the 5‐FU release kinetics was also modeled. The successful synthesis of PAMAM dendrimers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H‐NMR, UV–vis, dynamic light scattering and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), FTIR, UV–vis and TGA results confirmed the complexation phenomena among PAMAM dendrimers and 5‐FU drug. It was found that the encapsulation efficiency and drug release rate are a function of generation type, and that the full‐generation dendrimers showed the best results. The Korsmeyer‐Peppas model best described the kinetics of drug release for all complexes. These results confirm that the proposed low‐generation dendrimers are suitable polymeric nanocarriers for drug delivery applications.
Cooperative linear quadratic differential games for uncertain systems with conservative players
Authors: Zhang Weixian , Shi Zongying , Zhong Yisheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates cooperative linear quadratic differential games for uncertain dynamic systems with conservative players, who attempt to optimize the worst‐case outcomes with limited a priori knowledge about the uncertainties. Without properly designed control strategies, the uncertainties could cause significant impacts on the performance indexes of players and spoil the cooperation among players. In this paper, compensation‐based robust control techniques are applied to handle the uncertainties, including parameter perturbations and external disturbances, by transforming the impacts of the uncertainties into a more tractable form. Subsequently, using Vickrey–Clarke–Groves principles, an auction‐based control allocation mechanism is designed to incentivize the players to cooperatively implement the compensation. With the methods proposed, the worst‐case performance indexes of players can be improved, and the cooperation among players is maintained in the uncertain system. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Controllability analysis for a class of linear quadratic conformable fractional game‐based control systems
Authors: Zhou Junshuang , Li Deyi , Chen Guici , Wang Xianjia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractControllability analysis for a class of linear quadratic conformable fractional game‐based control systems (CFGBCSs) is investigated in this article. Supported by the definition and property of conformable fractional, the payoff function for linear quadratic CFGBCSs is proposed, and Nash equilibrium solution is obtained via variational method for Hamilton function correspondingly. Subsequently, the state transition matrix and controllability matrix are presented to deduce the sufficient and necessary conditions for the controllability of Nash equilibrium solution of time‐varying linear quadratic CFGBCSs and time‐invariant linear quadratic CFGBCSs, respectively. Finally, two numerical examples are furnished to justify the validity of the matrix full rank condition.