bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered alcohol and substance use in Irish farmers: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: O'Connor Siobhán , Malone Sandra M. , Firnhaber Joseph , O’ Shaughnessy Branagh R. , McNamara John G. , O'Hagan Donnla 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeFarming is a high‐pressure occupation. Populations of farmers face significant health risks, including injury, mental illness, and in some cases, heavy alcohol use. However, there is little research on farmers’ use of substances beyond alcohol. This study examines factors relating to Irish farmers’ disordered alcohol and substance use.MethodsIn accordance with STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional research and reporting, we examined disordered alcohol and substance use in 351 Irish farmers using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorders Identification Tool (DUDIT).FindingsWhile 28% of farmers did not drink, 40% of those who did drink exceeded the AUDIT threshold for disordered use. Similarly, while 95% of farmers did not use substances, 78% of farmers who did use substances exceeded the DUDIT threshold for disordered use. Age was the most important risk factor for disordered alcohol and substance use and correlated with other main risk factors: lower income, no children, part‐time farmer, and full‐time off‐farm roles. Disordered drinking was highest in farmers engaged in full‐time education.ConclusionsThis population of Irish farmers report broadly healthy alcohol and substance use behaviors. Irish farmers may serve as a model group whose strengths can be utilized in interventions within and beyond the Irish farming community. Our results confirm the importance of analyzing demographic factors in farmers’ drinking and identify younger farmers as especially at‐risk for harmful alcohol and substance use.
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements of the Winchcombe meteorite using the Visible Oxford Space Environment Goniometer
Authors: Curtis R. J. , Bates H. C. , Warren T. J. , Shirley K. A. , Brown E. C. , King A. J. , Bowles N. E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA laboratory study was performed using the Visible Oxford Space Environment Goniometer in which the broadband (350–1250 nm) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the Winchcombe meteorite was measured, across a range of viewing angles—reflectance: 0°–70°, in steps of 5°; incidence: 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°; and azimuthal: 0°, 90°, and 180°. The BRDF dataset was fitted using the Hapke BRDF model to (1) provide a method of comparison to other meteorites and asteroids, and (2) to produce Hapke parameter values that can be used to extrapolate the BRDF to all angles. The study deduced the following Hapke parameters for Winchcombe: w = 0.152 ± 0.030, b = 0.633 ± 0.064, and hS = 0.016 ± 0.008, demonstrating that it has a similar w value to Tagish Lake (0.157 ± 0.020) and a similar b value to Orgueil (0.671 ± 0.090). Importantly, the surface profile of the sample was characterized using an Alicona 3D® instrument, allowing two of the free parameters within the Hapke model φ and , which represent porosity and surface roughness, respectively, to be constrained as φ = 0.649 ± 0.023 and  = 16.113° (at 500 μm size scale). This work serves as part of the characterization process for Winchcombe and provides a reference photometry dataset for current and future asteroid missions.
Ectopic expression of neuronal adenosine kinase, a biomarker in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy without hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Guo Mengyi , Wang Jing , Xiong Zhonghua , Wang Xiongfei , Yang Yujiao , Zhang Yifan , Tang Chongyang , Zhang Jing , Guan Yuguang , Chen Fan , Yao Kun , Teng Pengfei , Zhou Jian , Zhai Feng , Boison Detlev , Luan Guoming , Li Tianfu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsMesial temporal lobe epilepsy without hippocampal sclerosis (no‐HS MTLE) refers to those MTLE patients who have neither magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions nor definite pathological evidence of hippocampal sclerosis. They usually have resistance to antiepileptic drugs, difficulties in precise seizure location and poor surgical outcomes. Adenosine is a neuroprotective neuromodulator that acts as a seizure terminator in the brain. The role of adenosine in no‐HS MTLE is still unclear. Further research to explore the aetiology and pathogenesis of no‐HS MTLE may help to find new therapeutic targets.MethodsIn surgically resected hippocampal specimens, we examined the maladaptive changes of the adenosine system of patients with no‐HS MTLE. In order to better understand the dysregulation of the adenosine pathway in no‐HS MTLE, we developed a rat model based on the induction of focal cortical lesions through a prenatal freeze injury.ResultsWe first examined the adenosine system in no‐HS MTLE patients who lack hippocampal neuronal loss and found ectopic expression of the astrocytic adenosine metabolising enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, as well as downregulation of neuronal A1 receptors (A1Rs) in the hippocampus. In the no‐HS MTLE model rats, the transition of ADK from neuronal expression to an adult pattern of glial expression in the hippocampus was significantly delayed.ConclusionsEctopic expression of neuronal ADK might be a pathological hallmark of no‐HS MTLE. Maladaptive changes in adenosine metabolism might be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in no‐HS MTLE.
Absence of canopy temperature variation despite stomatal adjustment in Pinus sylvestris under multidecadal soil moisture manipulation
Authors: Gauthey Alice , Bachofen Christoph , Deluigi Janisse , Didion‐Gency Margaux , D'Odorico Petra , Gisler Jonas , Mas Eugénie , Schaub Marcus , Schuler Philipp , Still Christopher J. , Tunas Alex , Grossiord Charlotte 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Global warming and droughts push forests closer to their thermal limits, altering tree carbon uptake and growth. To prevent critical overheating, trees can adjust their thermotolerance (Tcrit), temperature and photosynthetic optima (Topt and Aopt), and canopy temperature (Tcan) to stay below damaging thresholds. However, we lack an understanding of how soil droughts affect photosynthetic thermal plasticity and Tcan regulation.
In this study, we measured the effect of soil moisture on the seasonal and diurnal dynamics of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and Tcan, as well as the thermal plasticity of photosynthesis (Tcrit, Topt, and Aopt), over the course of 1 yr using a long‐term irrigation experiment in a drought‐prone Pinus sylvestris forest in Switzerland.
Irrigation resulted in higher needle‐level A, gs, Topt, and Aopt compared with naturally drought‐exposed trees. No daily or seasonal differences in Tcan were observed between treatments. Trees operated below their thermal thresholds (Tcrit), independently of soil moisture content.
Despite strong Tcan and Tair coupling, we provide evidence that drought reduces trees' temperature optimum due to a substantial reduction of gs during warm and dry periods of the year. These findings provide important insights regarding the effects of soil drought on the thermal tolerance of P. sylvestris.
Neural binocular summation and the effect of defocus on the pattern electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials for different pupil sizes
Authors: Martino Francesco , Amorim‐de‐Sousa Ana , Fernandes Paulo , Castro‐Torres José Juan , González‐Méijome José Manuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of defocus and pupil size on subjective (visual acuity [VA]) and objective (electrophysiology) descriptors of human vision and their effect on binocular visual performance by means of neural binocular summation (BS).MethodsFifteen healthy young subjects were recruited in this crossover study. Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were measured under two levels of positive (+1.5 and +3.0 D) spherical and astigmatic defocus (axis 90°). Pupil size was controlled to reduce the inter‐individual variability factor.ResultsLow‐ and high‐contrast VA showed poorer visual performance in the monocular versus the binocular condition. Positive BS (for VA) was higher with greater pupil size and higher levels of defocus. In the visual electrophysiology tests (i.e., VEP and PERG), peak time and amplitude were affected by pupil size and defocus. The increase in peak time was larger and the reduction in amplitude was more significant with greater levels of defocus and smaller pupil sizes. For the VEP, positive BS was found in all conditions, being stronger with larger amounts of defocus and pupil size (for the P100 amplitude). Significant negative correlations were observed between the P100 amplitude and VA BSs.ConclusionSmaller pupil size and levels of defocus produced greater changes in cortical activity as evidenced by both the PERG and VEP. Considering these changes and the obtained positive BS, the mechanism could be initiated as early as the retinal processing stage, then being modulated and enhanced along the visual pathway and within the visual cortex.
Utilization of 3D mapping systems in interventional electrophysiology and its impact on procedure time and fluoroscopy—Insights from the “Go for Zero Fluoroscopy” project
Authors: Zormpas Christos , Hillmann Henrike Aenne Katrin , Hohmann Stephan , Müller‐Leisse Johanna , Eiringhaus Jörg , Veltmann Christian , Potter Tom De , Garcia Rodrigue , Kosiuk Jedrzej , Duncker David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe implementation of 3D mapping systems plays an important role in interventional electrophysiology (EP) in recent years. The aim of the present study was to evaluate use of 3D mapping systems regarding fluoroscopy and procedure duration.MethodIn the “Go for Zero Fluoroscopy” project 25 European centers provided data of consecutive EP procedures. Data on use of 3D mapping systems as well as utilization of contact force catheters and multipolar mapping catheters were associated with fluoroscopy time, dose area product (DAP), and procedure duration.ResultA 3D mapping system was used in 966 (54%) cases. Use of 3D mapping for atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) was associated with reduced fluoroscopy time (p < 0.001), DAP (p = 0.04) but increased procedure time (p = 0.029). Moreover, fluoroscopy time (p < 0.001) and DAP (p = 0.005) were significantly lower in the 3D mapping group in ablation of typical atrial flutter. However, the procedure time (p < 0.001) increased. Use of 3D mapping in the ablation of accessory pathway (AP) was associated with reduced fluoroscopy time (p < 0.001) and DAP (p < 0.001) with no significant increase in procedure time (p = 0.066). In the case of atrial fibrillation, a 3D mapping system was used in 485 patients (75.8%). Additional use of a contact force catheter was associated with lower fluoroscopy time (p < 0.001) and DAP (p < 0.001). Use of a multipolar mapping catheter was associated with lower fluoroscopy time (p = 0.002). The implementation of 3D mapping systems in the ablation of ventricular tachycardias resulted in a significant increase in the procedure time (p = 0.001) without significant differences regarding the DAP (p = 0.773) and fluoroscopy time (p = 0.249).ConclusionUse of 3D mapping systems in ablation of supraventricular tachycardias is associated with lower radiation exposure. Nevertheless, the procedure time often increases, except in the case of ablation for AP. Use of contact force catheters and multipolar mapping catheters is associated with yet lower radiation exposure values. Prospective randomized studies are needed to further elucidate potential benefit of these technological tools.
A new approach to Fourier transform Raman: Identification of haploids in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Rosa Jocimar Costa , Uhdre Renan Santos , Faria Marcos Ventura , Barth Pinto Ronald José , Rossi Robson Marcelo , Medina Neto Antonio , Scapim Carlos Alberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work was to adapt the FT Raman spectroscopy analysis in the differentiation of haploid and diploid kernels in maize, developing a new efficient, agile, precise, and nondestructive methodology. The main difference observed in FT Raman readings was a peak in the region between 1600 and 1700 cm−1 in possibly haploid kernels. It was possible to correlate the characteristics of the kernels with the presence of the R1‐nj gene and the readings obtained in the Raman spectrometry technique. Most of the kernels previously classified as haploid showed positive values for principal component analysis (PCAs), indicating a correlation in the identification of haploids by the techniques adopted. The identification of haploids by R‐Navajo was superior to FT Raman. However, FT Raman spectroscopy is an agile analysis technique that enables the development of non‐invasive and non‐destructive analytical methods in maize kernels, in addition to providing relevant information about the chemical structures present in the composition of the samples.
Quantitative versus qualitative emotion regulation goals: Differential effects on emotional responses
Authors: Kreibig Sylvia D. , Brown Alan S. , Gross James J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEmotion regulation (ER) involves both a goal (e.g., to feel less emotion) and a strategy (e.g., reappraisal). To clarify the impact of ER goals on emotional responding, we conducted a within‐participant study (N = 156) in which we held the strategy constant (reappraisal) to isolate the impact of regulation goals. We compared the impact of a quantitative goal (changing emotion quantity/intensity) with that of a qualitative goal (changing emotion quality/type) on emotional responses to negative and positive pictures. We manipulated ER goals by cuing participants to continue viewing the picture (unregulated/no ER goal) or to reappraise it to decrease its predominant affective impact (quantitative goal) or increase its opposite‐valence impact (qualitative goal). We assessed emotional responses through self‐reported feelings and facial expressions (corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major electromyography). Our findings suggest that the type of regulation goal has a differential effect on emotional responses, with qualitative goals being more effective in modulating both negative and positive emotions. For negative stimuli, attempts to use a quantitative goal decreased negative but not positive emotional responses (uncoupled negative deactivation). Conversely, attempts to use a qualitative goal decreased negative and increased positive emotional responses (reciprocal positive activation). For positive stimuli, the quantitative goal generated uncoupled positive deactivation, while the qualitative goal produced reciprocal negative activation. Results highlight the importance of considering specific regulation goals in shaping emotional responses. Future research in the field of ER may benefit from identifying and manipulating different goals and strategies to understand how to effectively regulate emotions.
Risk modelling of ESG (environmental, social, and governance), healthcare, and financial sectors
Authors: Chaudhry Sajid M. , Chen Xihui Haviour , Ahmed Rizwan , Nasir Muhammad Ali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change poses enormous ecological, socio‐economic, health, and financial challenges. A novel extreme value theory is employed in this study to model the risk to environmental, social, and governance (ESG), healthcare, and financial sectors and assess their downside risk, extreme systemic risk, and extreme spillover risk. We use a rich set of global daily data of exchange‐traded funds (ETFs) from 1 July 1999 to 30 June 2022 in the case of healthcare and financial sectors and from 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2022 in the case of ESG sector. We find that the financial sector is the riskiest when we consider the tail index, tail quantile, and tail expected shortfall. However, the ESG sector exhibits the highest tail risk in the extreme environment when we consider a shock in the form of an ETF drop of 25% or 50%. The ESG sector poses the highest extreme systemic risk when a shock comes from China. Finally, we find that ESG and healthcare sectors have lower extreme spillover risk (contagion risk) compared to the financial sector. Our study seeks to provide valuable insights for developing sustainable economic, business, and financial strategies. To achieve this, we conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of the ESG, healthcare, and financial sectors, employing an innovative approach to risk modelling in response to ecological challenges.
Caffeine intoxication treated with hemodialysis
Authors: Khan Saad , Babu Kavita , Sidhu Rohan , Niemi Matthew 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionCaffeine overdose, while uncommon, can be life threatening with hemodynamic and neurological complications and often requires intensive monitoring and critical management.Case ReportWe report a case of a 23‐year‐old male who ingested approximately 24 g of caffeine in a suicidal attempt and developed cardiopulmonary complications. He was resuscitated, and hemodialysis was performed with successful recovery.ConclusionHemodialysis appears to effectively remove caffeine from the blood system and can be lifesaving in severe caffeine overdose.
Dolomitic limestone was more effective than calcitic limestone in increasing soil pH in an untilled olive orchard
Authors: Arrobas Margarida , Conceição Nuno , Pereira Ermelinda , Martins Sandra , Raimundo Soraia , Brito Cátia , Correia Carlos Manuel , Rodrigues Manuel Ângelo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn acid soils, when no‐tillage farmers intend to apply lime, the question arises as to whether it should be incorporated into the soil or whether it can be left on the soil surface. In this study, two types of limestone, calcitic (Lcal) and dolomitic (Lmag), were tested in two olive groves of cv. Cobrançosa, with an initial pH of 4.9 (S. Pedro) and 5.5 (Raparigas). In S. Pedro, limestone was incorporated into the soil (Lburied) and in Raparigas, it was left on the floor (Lfloor). The use of limestone significantly increased soil pH in the 0–0.10 m layer in both experiments. In the 0.10–0.20 m soil layer, only Lmag increased significantly the soil pH in comparison with the control. Lmag was more effective than Lcal in increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC) and reducing exchangeable acidity (EA) and aluminium (Al3+) in the Lfloor experiment. Both limes increased leaf calcium (Ca) concentration, and Lmag increased the leaf levels of magnesium (Mg). In Lfloor experiment (higher soil pH), soil microbial carbon (C) decreased, and microbial nitrogen (N) increased with liming, which may indicate an increase in bacteria in the soil and a decrease in fungi. In Lburied experiment (initial pH of 4.9), liming significantly increased accumulated (2018–2021) olive yield (56 and more than 67 kg tree−1, respectively, in the control and liming treatments). In Lfloor experiment (initial pH of 5.5), the accumulated olive yields did not differ significantly between treatments (average values between 105 and 115 kg tree−1). The results of this study provide evidence that liming may increase olive yield in very acid soils and that dolomitic limestone should preferably be used by no‐tillage farmers, due its higher solubility and faster effect on soil and trees.
Investigation of the effect of pre‐analytical factors on particle concentration and size in cryoprecipitate using nanoparticle tracking analysis
Authors: Hwang Ji Hui , Tung John‐Paul , Harkin Damien G. , Flower Robert L. , Pecheniuk Natalie M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryoprecipitate is used primarily to replenish fibrinogen levels in patients. Little is known about the presence of micro‐ or nano‐sized particles in cryoprecipitate. Therefore, we aimed to quantify these particles and investigate some pre‐analytical considerations.Materials and MethodsParticle concentration and size distribution were determined in 10 cryoprecipitate units by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The effects of freeze–thawing cryoprecipitate and 0.45 μm filtration with either regenerated cellulose (RC) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters before sample analysis were examined.ResultsNeither the size nor concentration of particles were affected by two freeze/thaw cycles. PTFE filtration, but not RC filtration, significantly reduced particle mean and mode size compared to RC filtration and mode size compared to unfiltered cryoprecipitate. The 10 cryoprecipitate units had an average particle concentration of 2.50 × 1011 ± 1.10 × 1011 particles/mL, a mean particle size of 133.8 ± 7.5 nm and a mode particle size of 107.9 ± 11.1 nm.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that preanalytical filtration of cryoprecipitate units using RC filters was suitable for NTA. An additional freeze/thaw cycle did not impact NTA parameters, suggesting that aliquoting cryoprecipitate units prior to laboratory investigations is suitable for downstream analyses.
Confirmation of a five‐way herbicide‐resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus population in North Carolina
Authors: Jones Eric A. L. , Andres Ryan J. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Dunne Jeffrey C. , Contreras Diego J. , Cahoon Charles W. , Jennings Katherine M. , Leon Ramon G. , Everman Wesley J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmaranthus tuberculatus (waterhemp) is a pervasive weed of the Mid‐west and ‐south United States and is not native to North Carolina but infestations in crop fields have been reported recently. Amaranthus tuberculatus has evolved resistance to seven herbicide groups and multiple herbicide‐resistant populations are common where the species is native. The reported A. tuberculatus infestations in North Carolina have not been controlled with herbicides but no formal herbicide resistance characterisation has been conducted to date. Glasshouse dose–response experiments were conducted to determine the susceptibility of a population collected from Surry County, North Carolina to commonly applied postemergence herbicides compared to a herbicide‐susceptible population collected from Story County, Iowa. The Surry County population survived labelled rates of imazethapyr, atrazine, glyphosate, fomesafen, and mesotrione; the Story County population was controlled with these herbicides. Further, 2,4‐D, dicamba, and glufosinate effectively controlled the Surry and Story County populations. Molecular sequencing assays were subsequently conducted to determine if altered target sites facilitated resistance in the acetolactate synthase (ALS), 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS), photosystem II (psbA), and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPX2) genes. The Surry County population carried a Trp574Leu and ∆Gly210 mutations in the ALS and PPX2 gene, respectively. No mutations that would confer resistance were found in the EPSPS or psbA gene for either population. The results of both experiments provide evidence that a five‐way herbicide‐resistant A. tuberculatus population has encroached North Carolina. More research is needed to determine the mechanisms of resistance to atrazine, glyphosate, and mesotrione.
Smooth Q$\mathbb {Q}$‐homology planes satisfying the negativity conjecture
Authors: Pełka Tomasz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA complex algebraic surface is a ‐homology plane if for . The Negativity Conjecture of Palka asserts that , where is a log smooth completion of . We give a complete description of smooth ‐homology planes satisfying the Negativity Conjecture. We restrict our attention to those of log general type, as otherwise their geometry is well‐understood. We show that, as conjectured by tom Dieck and Petrie, they can be arranged in finitely many discrete series, each obtained in a uniform way from an arrangement of lines and conics on . We infer that these surfaces satisfy the Rigidity Conjecture of Flenner and Zaidenberg; and a conjecture of Koras, which asserts that .