bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal outcomes of endoscopy: an analysis from the coronerʼs point of view
Authors: Lock Julian J. , Püschel Klaus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims This study was designed to provide a profound analysis of fatalities associated with endoscopic procedures.
Methods Protocols of all autopsies performed within 20 years in a large Department of Forensic Medicine were retrospectively analyzed to identify all fatalities directly related to an endoscopic procedure. Data were further specified focusing on the type of endoscopy and the final cause of death.
Results Of 22,615 autopsies performed between January 2000 and September 2019, 86 deaths were identified as complications of an endoscopic procedure. The average age of these 86 patients was 70.9 years (66.4 (range, 26–89) in males (n = 35) and 74.1 years (range, 22–94) in females (n = 51)). Endoscopic procedures included 29 endoscopic retrograde cholangeopancreatographies (ERCPs), 27 colonoscopies, 18 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placements, six gastroscopies, two upper endosopic ultrasonographies, and four transesophageal echocardiographies. ERCPs, colonoscopy and PEG procedures together accounted for 74 of 86 (86 %) endoscopy-related deaths. Focusing on the single procedures, post-ERCP pancreatitis (14/29, 48 %), colonoscopy-associated perforation (24/27, 89 %), and peritonitis after PEG placement (16/18, 88 %) were the most common causes of death.
Conclusions Even in the thought-to-be-safe and screening endoscopic procedures fatalities do occur. This study gives an overview of endoscopy-related fatalities, stressing the role of ERCP, colonoscopy, and PEG.
Multicenter prospective evaluation of an overtube endoluminal interventional platform for colorectal polypectomy
Authors: Othman Mohamed O. , Diehl David L. , Khara Harshit S. , Jawaid Salman , Yang Dennis , Draganov Peter V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic removal of complex colorectal polyps (≥ 2 cm) can be technically challenging. A dual balloon endoluminal overtube platform (DBEP) was developed to facilitate colonoscopic polypectomy. The study purpose was to evaluate clinical outcomes with the DBEP for complex polypectomy.
Patients and methods This was an observational, prospective, multicenter Institutional Review Board-approved study. Between January 2018 and December 2020, safety and performance data were collected intra-procedurally and at 1 month post-procedure in patients undergoing intervention with the DBEP at three US centers. The primary endpoint was device safety and technical success of the procedure. Secondary endpoints included navigation time, total procedure time, and user feedback assessment post-procedure.
Results A total of 162 patients underwent colonoscopy with the DBEP. Of these, 144 (89 %) underwent 156 interventions successfully with DBEP (44.5 % endoscopic mucosal resection, 53.2 % hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)/ESD, 1.3 % other). In 13 patients (8 %), device challenges contributed to unsuccessful intervention. One mild device-related adverse event (AE) occurred. Procedural AE rate was 8.3 %. Median lesion size was 2.6 cm [range 0.5–12]. The investigators felt that navigating the device was easy/somewhat easy in 78.5 % of successful cases. Median total procedure time was 69 minutes [range, 19–213], median navigation time to lesion was 8 minutes [range, 1–80], And median polypectomy time was 33.5 minutes [range, 2–143].
Conclusions Endoscopic colon polyp resection with the DBEP was safe with a high technical success rate. The DBEP has the potential to provide enhanced scope stability and visualization, traction, and a conduit for scope exchange. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted.
The Colonoscopy Cookbook: Analysis of effect of a recipe resource on quality and experience of bowel preparation in colonoscopy
Authors: Bennett Laura , Knox Robert , Luscombe Georgina , Egan Jenny , Wallace Lauren 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background High-quality bowel preparation for a colonoscopy improves identification of early lesions in the large bowel, decreases procedure time and increases intervals between colonoscopies. Current recommendations advise a low-residue diet in the days leading up to colonoscopy to improve quality of preparation. This study prepared and provided a recipe resource to patients undergoing colonoscopy and assessed the quality of bowel preparation and patient experience.
Patients and methods A “Colonoscopy Cookbook” resource of recipes that comply with the preoperative diet recommendations was created and added to routine preoperative information given to patients undergoing elective colonoscopies at a regional Australian hospital over a 12-month period. Endoscopic reports were reviewed for each case and quality of bowel preparation was classified as “adequate’’ or “inadequate”. Data collected were compared to a representative local cohort from 2019.
Results Procedure reports from 96 patients who were provided with the resource were compared with 96 patients who were not. Adequate bowel preparation was nine times as likely when the resource was available (odds ratio 8.54, 95 % confidence interval: 2.85 to 25.60, P < 0.001) compared to when it was not. The patient experience was assessed using a post-procedure survey, which demonstrated a positive experience in recipe preparation. Most patients would use the resource prior to future colonoscopies.
Conclusions Further randomized controlled trials are required to validate this scoping review. Pre-procedure recipe resources may improve quality of bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy.
Efficacy of self-assembling peptide in mitigating delayed bleeding after advanced endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal lesions: A meta-analysis
Authors: Gopakumar Harishankar , Vohra Ishaan , Sharma Neil R. , Puli Srinivas R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Advanced endoscopic resection techniques carry a risk of delayed bleeding (DB). A novel fully synthetic self-assembling peptide (SAP) has shown promising results in mitigating this risk. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated all available data and analyzed the effectiveness of SAP in reducing DB after advanced endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal luminal lesions.
Patients and methods Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) from January 2010 through October 2022 were searched for publications addressing the use of SAP solution in patients undergoing advanced endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal lesions. Pooled proportions were calculated using fixed (inverse variance) and random-effects (DerSimonian-Laird) models.
Results The initial search identified 277 studies, of which 63 relevant articles were reviewed. The final analysis included data from six studies comprising 307 patients that met inclusion criteria. The pooled rate of DB was 5.73 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 3.42–8.59). Mean patient age was 69.40 years ± 1.82. The weighted mean size of resected lesions was 36.20 mm (95 % CI = 33.37–39.02). Endoscopic submucosal dissection was used in 72.69 % (95 % CI = 67.62–77.48), while endoscopic mucosal resection was used in 26.42 % (95 % CI = 21.69–31.44) of the procedures. Among the 307 patients, 36 % were on antithrombotic medications. No adverse events (AEs) were attributable to using SAP, with a pooled rate of 0.00 % (95 % CI = 0.00–1.49).
Conclusions SAP solution appears promising in reducing post-procedural DB after advanced endoscopic resection of high-risk gastrointestinal lesions with no reported AEs.
Prospective Cohort Study of Remote Patient Monitoring with and without Care Coordination for Hypertension in Primary Care
Authors: Persell Stephen D. , Petito Lucia C. , Anthony Lauren , Peprah Yaw , Lee Ji Young , Campanella Tara , Campbell Jill , Pigott Kelly , Kadric Jasmina , Duax Charles J. , Li Jim , Sato Hironori 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Out-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurements contribute valuable information for guiding clinical management of hypertension. Measurements from home devices can be directly transmitted to patients' electronic health record for use in remote monitoring programs.
Objective This study aimed to compare in primary care practice care coordinator-assisted implementation of remote patient monitoring (RPM) for hypertension to RPM implementation alone and to usual care.
Methods This was a pragmatic observational cohort study. Patients aged 65 to 85 years with Medicare insurance from two populations were included: those with uncontrolled hypertension and a general hypertension group seeing primary care physicians (PCPs) within one health system. Exposures were clinic-level availability of RPM plus care coordination, RPM alone, or usual care. At two clinics (13 PCPs), nurse care coordinators with PCP approval offered RPM to patients with uncontrolled office BP and assisted with initiation. At two clinics (39 PCPs), RPM was at PCPs' discretion. Twenty clinics continued usual care. Main measures were controlling high BP (<140/90 mm Hg), last office systolic blood pressure (SBP), and proportion with antihypertensive medication intensification.
Results Among the Medicare cohorts with uncontrolled hypertension, 16.7% (39/234) of patients from the care coordination clinics were prescribed RPM versus <1% (4/600) at noncare coordination sites. RPM-enrolled care coordination group patients had higher baseline SBP than the noncare coordination group (148.8 vs. 140.0 mm Hg). After 6 months, in the uncontrolled hypertension cohorts the prevalences of controlling high BP were 32.5% (RPM with care coordination), 30.7 % (RPM alone), and 27.1% (usual care); multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.63 (1.12–2.39; p = 0.011) and 1.29 (0.98–1.69; p = 0.068) compared with usual care, respectively.
Conclusion Care coordination facilitated RPM enrollment among poorly controlled hypertension patients and may improve hypertension control in primary care among Medicare patients.
Relationship between Ventricular Size on Latest Ultrasonogram and the Bayley Scores ≥ 18 Months in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Reis Jordan D. , Hagan Timothy , Heyne Roy , Tolentino-Plata Kristine , Clarke Rebekah , Brown Larry S. , Rosenfeld Charles R. , Burchfield Patti J. , Caraig Maria , Brion Luc P. 
Published: March 2023

Objective A ventricle-to-brain index (VBI) >0.35 is associated with low scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) in preterm infants with birth weight <1,250 g. However, VBI obtained at the third ventricle has only moderate interobserver reliability. The objective of this study was to test (1) reliability of VBI measured at the foramen of Monro on the latest ultrasonogram (US) before discharge using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and (2) the relationship between VBI and BSID-III scores at ≥18 months corrected age.
Study Design The present study is a single-center retrospective cohort study.
Results The study included 270 preterm infants born at 230/7 to 286/7 weeks of gestational age. The ICC of VBI between independent measurements by two study radiologists on the first 50 patients was 0.934. Factors associated with the value of VBI included severe intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and systemic steroid administration for BPD but not postmenstrual age. In multivariate analysis, VBI was negatively and independently associated with cognitive (p = 0.002), language (p = 0.004), and motor (p < 0.001) BSID-III scores. The association between VBI and BSID-III scores was observed even in infants in whom the latest US was obtained before term equivalent age. The association between VBI and BSID-III scores was also observed after excluding those with severe intraventricular hemorrhage.
Conclusion In this very preterm cohort the measurement of VBI had excellent reliability. Moreover, VBI measurements were negatively associated with motor, language, and cognitive BSID-III scores.
Key Points
Cryo-EM analyses of KIT and oncogenic mutants reveal structural oncogenic plasticity and a target for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Krimmer Stefan G. , Bertoletti Nicole , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Katic Luka , Mohanty Jyotidarsini , Shu Sheng , Lee Sangwon , Lax Irit , Mi Wei , Schlessinger Joseph 
Published: March 2023

The receptor tyrosine kinase KIT and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) are required for the development of hematopoietic stem cells, germ cells, and other cells. A variety of human cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and mast cell leukemia, are driven by somatic gain-of-function KIT mutations. Here, we report cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural analyses of full-length wild-type and two oncogenic KIT mutants, which show that the overall symmetric arrangement of the extracellular domain of ligand-occupied KIT dimers contains asymmetric D5 homotypic contacts juxtaposing the plasma membrane. Mutational analysis of KIT reveals in D5 region an “Achilles heel” for therapeutic intervention. A ligand-sensitized oncogenic KIT mutant exhibits a more comprehensive and stable D5 asymmetric conformation. A constitutively active ligand-independent oncogenic KIT mutant adopts a V-shaped conformation solely held by D5-mediated contacts. Binding of SCF to this mutant fully restores the conformation of wild-type KIT dimers, including the formation of salt bridges responsible for D4 homotypic contacts and other hallmarks of SCF-induced KIT dimerization. These experiments reveal an unexpected structural plasticity of oncogenic KIT mutants and a therapeutic target in D5.
Effect of Specimen Processing Technique on Cell Detection and Classification by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Maruyama Sayumi , Sakabe Nanako , Ito Chihiro , Shimoyama Yuka , Sato Shouichi , Ikeda Katsuhide 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Cytomorphology is known to differ depending on the processing technique, and these differences pose a problem for automated diagnosis using deep learning. We examined the as-yet unclarified relationship between cell detection or classification using artificial intelligence (AI) and the AutoSmear (Sakura Finetek Japan) and liquid-based cytology (LBC) processing techniques.

Methods
The “You Only Look Once” (YOLO), version 5x, algorithm was trained on the AutoSmear and LBC preparations of 4 cell lines: lung cancer (LC), cervical cancer (CC), malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM), and esophageal cancer (EC). Detection and classification rates were used to evaluate the accuracy of cell detection.

Results
When preparations of the same processing technique were used for training and detection in the 1-cell (1C) model, the AutoSmear model had a higher detection rate than the LBC model. When different processing techniques were used for training and detection, detection rates of LC and CC were significantly lower in the 4-cell (4C) model than in the 1C model, and those of MM and EC were approximately 10% lower in the 4C model.

Conclusions
In AI-based cell detection and classification, attention should be paid to cells whose morphologies change significantly depending on the processing technique, further suggesting the creation of a training model.
Differences between κ and λ light chain amyloidosis analyzed by a pathologic scoring system
Authors: Wu Huijuan , L’Imperio Vincenzo , Rossi Mattia , Kapp Meghan E , Paueksakon Paisit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Amyloid light chain (AL)-κ and AL-λ share common histopathologic changes; however, the potential difference in clinical manifestations, histologic findings, and clinical significance between the 2 subtypes remain unclear.

Methods
In a retrospective study, 94 kidney biopsies for AL amyloidosis were evaluated using the composite scarring injury score (CSIS) and amyloid score (AS). Results were then compared between AL-κ and AL-λ.

Results
Comparing AS and CSIS between AL-κ and AL-λ, the AS was significantly higher in AL-κ than in AL-λ, with 2 components of AS (capillary wall and vascular amyloid) scoring higher in AL-κ than in AL-λ, while mesangial and interstitial ASs were similar in the 2 cohorts. In addition, the proportion of periodic acid–Schiff strong-staining amyloid in AL-κ was markedly higher than in AL-λ. There was no significant difference in CSIS and its components between the 2 subtypes of AL amyloidosis.

Conclusions
Overall, AL-κ presents with higher serum creatinine and a higher AS score than AL-λ at biopsy, which may indicate a worse prognosis and be an important reference for clinical management.
The Board-Room Where It Happens—A Research Note
Authors: Listokin Yair 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Activist investors often run “short-slate” proxy contests, seeking representation short of a majority on a corporation’s board of directors. Do activists pursue short-slate representation because they want to be an instrumental part of a corporation’s governance, or because success in a short-slate contest sends a signal to incumbent management to reform, lest there be a future proxy contest for control of the corporation? Event study evidence from “the largest proxy battle ever” suggests that a single board seat is instrumentally valuable, exclusive of signaling effects. In 2017, activist hedge fund Trian Management vied with the management of Procter & Gamble (P&G) over a single seat on P&G’s board of directors. In a razor-thin contest, first P&G and then Trian was declared the winner. P&G’s market value rose significantly on news raising the likelihood of Trian representation on the board and fell significantly with news favoring P&G incumbent management. Since the identity of the winner had important implications for the P&G board’s composition but added almost no signal about Trian’s ability to gain control of P&G in the future, these results offer evidence that minority board representation directly yields value for activists.
Defining diagnostic uncertainty as a discourse type: A transdisciplinary approach to analysing clinical narratives of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Nickels Lindsay C , Marshall Trisha L , Edgerton Ezra , Brady Patrick W , Hagedorn Philip A , Lee James J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Diagnostic uncertainty is prevalent throughout medicine and significantly impacts patient care, especially when it goes unrecognized. However, we lack a reliable clinical means of identifying uncertainty. This study evaluates the narrative discourse within clinical notes in the Electronic Health Record as a means of identifying diagnostic uncertainty. Recognizing that discourse producers use language ‘semi-automatically’ (Partington et al. 2013), we hypothesized that clinicians include distinct indications of uncertainty in their written assessments, which could be elucidated by linguistic analysis. Using a cohort of patients prospectively identified as having an uncertain diagnosis (UD), we conducted a detailed corpus-assisted discourse analysis. The analysis revealed a set of linguistic indicators constitutive of diagnostic uncertainty including terms of modality, register-specific terms, and linguistically identifiable clinical behaviours. This dictionary of UD indicators was thoroughly tested, and its performance was compared with a matched-control dataset. Based on the findings, we built a machine learning classification algorithm with the ability to predict UD patient cohorts with 87.0% accuracy, effectively demonstrating the feasibility of using clinical discourse to classify patients and directly impact the clinical environment.
Multi-task adaptive pooling enabled synergetic learning of RNA modification across tissue, type and species from low-resolution epitranscriptomes
Authors: Song Yiyou , Wang Yue , Wang Xuan , Huang Daiyun , Nguyen Anh , Meng Jia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPost- and co-transcriptional RNA modifications are found to play various roles in regulating essential biological processes at all stages of RNA life. Precise identification of RNA modification sites is thus crucial for understanding the related molecular functions and specific regulatory circuitry. To date, a number of computational approaches have been developed for in silico identification of RNA modification sites; however, most of them require learning from base-resolution epitranscriptome datasets, which are generally scarce and available only for a limited number of experimental conditions, and predict only a single modification, even though there are multiple inter-related RNA modification types available. In this study, we proposed AdaptRM, a multi-task computational method for synergetic learning of multi-tissue, type and species RNA modifications from both high- and low-resolution epitranscriptome datasets. By taking advantage of adaptive pooling and multi-task learning, the newly proposed AdaptRM approach outperformed the state-of-the-art computational models (WeakRM and TS-m6A-DL) and two other deep-learning architectures based on Transformer and ConvMixer in three different case studies for both high-resolution and low-resolution prediction tasks, demonstrating its effectiveness and generalization ability. In addition, by interpreting the learned models, we unveiled for the first time the potential association between different tissues in terms of epitranscriptome sequence patterns. AdaptRM is available as a user-friendly web server from http://www.rnamd.org/AdaptRM together with all the codes and data used in this project.
Effective and efficient active learning for deep learning-based tissue image analysis
Authors: Meirelles André L S , Kurc Tahsin , Kong Jun , Ferreira Renato , Saltz Joel , Teodoro George 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotivationDeep learning attained excellent results in digital pathology recently. A challenge with its use is that high quality, representative training datasets are required to build robust models. Data annotation in the domain is labor intensive and demands substantial time commitment from expert pathologists. Active learning (AL) is a strategy to minimize annotation. The goal is to select samples from the pool of unlabeled data for annotation that improves model accuracy. However, AL is a very compute demanding approach. The benefits for model learning may vary according to the strategy used, and it may be hard for a domain specialist to fine tune the solution without an integrated interface.ResultsWe developed a framework that includes a friendly user interface along with run-time optimizations to reduce annotation and execution time in AL in digital pathology. Our solution implements several AL strategies along with our diversity-aware data acquisition (DADA) acquisition function, which enforces data diversity to improve the prediction performance of a model. In this work, we employed a model simplification strategy [Network Auto-Reduction (NAR)] that significantly improves AL execution time when coupled with DADA. NAR produces less compute demanding models, which replace the target models during the AL process to reduce processing demands. An evaluation with a tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes classification application shows that: (i) DADA attains superior performance compared to state-of-the-art AL strategies for different convolutional neural networks (CNNs), (ii) NAR improves the AL execution time by up to 4.3×, and (iii) target models trained with patches/data selected by the NAR reduced versions achieve similar or superior classification quality to using target CNNs for data selection.Availability and implementationSource code: https://github.com/alsmeirelles/DADA.