bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitation Transfer from Cr2+ to Fe2+ Ions in Co-doped ZnSe as a Pumping Scheme for Infrared Solid-State Lasers
Authors: Tomm Jens W. , Steinmeyer Günter , Fürtjes Pia , Griebner Uwe , Elsaesser Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present the results of the photoluminescence behavior reflecting Cr2+ → Fe2+excitation transfer in co-doped ZnSe:Cr2+Fe2+. This transfer can be seen as a possible promising pump mechanism to create short pulse lasers for the 3- to 6-µm wavelengths that can be excited using inexpensive 2-µm pump light sources. In addition to the kinetics, emphasis was put on comparing the intensities of both emissions, those of Cr2+and Fe2+. With resonant excitation of Cr2+, the kinetics of the Fe2+emission shows a very clear picture of the transfer with 60-ns rise time and the peak delayed by 200 ns. However, the evaluation of the PL intensities brought a surprise. With efficiencies above 80%, the observed Cr2+ → Fe2+transfer is much more efficient than theoretically expected, and even the overall efficiency including the losses at the Fe2+ions of almost 4% is still an order of magnitude higher than the theoretical values given for the Förster transfer alone. This leads to the suspicion that either the dopant atoms might not be uniformly distributed in the samples or that the transfer mechanism might be more effective than previously thought.
KPRLN: deep knowledge preference-aware reinforcement learning network for recommendation
Authors: Wu Di , Tang Mingjing , Zhang Shu , You Ao , Gao Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUser preference information plays an important role in knowledge graph-based recommender systems, which is reflected in users having different preferences for each entity–relation pair in the knowledge graph. Existing approaches have not modeled this fine-grained user preference feature well, as affecting the performance of recommender systems. In this paper, we propose a deep knowledge preference-aware reinforcement learning network (KPRLN) for the recommendation, which builds paths between user’s historical interaction items in the knowledge graph, learns the preference features of each user–entity–relation and generates the weighted knowledge graph with fine-grained preference features. First, we proposed a hierarchical propagation path construction method to address the problems of the pendant entity and long path exploration in the knowledge graph. The method expands outward to form clusters centered on items and uses them to represent the starting and target states in reinforcement learning. With the iteration of clusters, we can better learn the pendant entity preference and explore farther paths. Besides, we design an attention graph convolutional network, which focuses on more influential entity–relation pairs, to aggregate user and item higher order representations that contain fine-grained preference features. Finally, extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art baselines.
Women with type 1 diabetes gain more weight during pregnancy compared to age-matched healthy women despite a healthier diet: a prospective case–control observational study
Authors: Defeudis Giuseppe , Mazzilli Rossella , Benvenuto Domenico , Ciccozzi Massimo , Di Tommaso Alfonso Maria , Faggiano Antongiulio , Tuccinardi Dario , Watanabe Mikiko , Manfrini Silvia , Khazrai Yeganeh Manon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), especially those with suboptimal glucose control, have 3–4 greater chances of having babies with birth defects compared to healthy women. We aimed to evaluate glucose control and insulin regimen modifications during the pregnancy of women with T1D, comparing the offspring’s weight and the mother’s weight change and diet with those of non-diabetic, normal-weight pregnant women.

Methods
Women with T1D and age-matched healthy women controls (CTR) were consecutively enrolled among pregnant women with normal weight visiting our center. All patients underwent physical examination and diabetes and nutritional counseling, and completed lifestyle and food intake questionnaires.

Results
A total of 44 women with T1D and 34 healthy controls were enrolled. Women with T1D increased their insulin regimen during pregnancy, going from baseline 0.9 ± 0.3 IU/kg to 1.1 ± 0.4 IU/kg (p = 0.009), with a concomitant significant reduction in HbA1c (p = 0.009). Over 50% of T1D women were on a diet compared to < 20% of healthy women (p < 0.001). Women with T1D reported higher consumption of complex carbohydrates, milk, dairy foods, eggs, fruits, and vegetables, while 20% of healthy women never or rarely consumed them. Despite a better diet, women with T1D gained more weight (p = 0.044) and gave birth to babies with higher mean birth weight (p = 0.043), likely due to the daily increase in insulin regimen.

Conclusion
A balance between achieving metabolic control and avoiding weight gain is crucial in the management of pregnant women with T1D, who should be encouraged to further improve lifestyle and eating habits with the aim of limiting upward insulin titration adjustments to a minimum.
Klinische Qualitätssteuerung – ein praktischer Versuch in der Hausarztpraxis am Beispiel der Influenzaimpfung
Authors: Souhrada Vera , Zrenner Mirjam , Schaubroeck Emmily , Roos Marco , Kühlein Thomas 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungKlinische Qualitätssteuerung (KQS) meint ein Qualitätsmanagement im klinischen Bereich. Vermutlich aufgrund der Coronapandemie meldeten sich im Jahr 2020 deutlich mehr influenzaimpfwillige Patient*innen als in den Vorjahren, sodass sich abzeichnete, dass für Hochrisikopatient*innen nicht ausreichend Impfdosen zur Verfügung stehen würden. Um dem Problem zu begegnen, setzten wir einen KQS-Zyklus in Gang. Bei diesem Artikel handelt es sich explizit nicht um eine wissenschaftliche Arbeit, sondern um die exemplarische Beschreibung einer Priorisierung und einer KQS als Beispiel, zur Anregung und zur Diskussion. Wir erstellten folgenden Prozess: 1. Evaluation des Ist-Zustands; 2. Priorisierung der Patient*innen, die sich als impfwillig gemeldet hatten, und Impfung der Hochrisikogruppe zuerst; 3. Identifikation, telefonische Kontaktierung und Impfung der Hochrisikopatient*innen, die sich nicht selbstständig als impfwillig gemeldet hatten. Patient*innen über 60-Jahre mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD) wurden als Indikatorgruppe gewählt. Zunächst waren nur 3 (8 %) unserer 38 COPD-Patient*innen gegen Influenza geimpft. Nach Priorisierung und Impfung der Hochrisikogruppe in der Liste der Impfwilligen waren 25 (66 %) der insgesamt 38 COPD-Patient*innen geimpft. Nach telefonischer Einladung und Aufforderung waren zuletzt 28 (74 %) der 38 Patient*innen geimpft. Dies entspricht einer Steigerung der Impfquote der über 60-jährigen COPD-Patient*innen von 8 % auf 74 % und damit nahezu dem Zielwert der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). Hausärzt*innen müssen sich gelegentlich mit Ressourcenknappheit auseinandersetzen und sich mit Strategien beschäftigen, ihr zu begegnen. Unter anderem in diesem Zusammenhang bietet sich eine KQS in der Hausarztpraxis an. Die Praxisverwaltungssysteme (PVS) sollten für diesen Zweck von Seiten der Hersteller benutzerfreundlicher gestaltet werden.
If you don’t test, they will not treat: Impact of stopping preoperative screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria
Authors: Winkler Marisa L. , Huang Joanne , Starr Jessica , Hooper David C. , Paras Molly L. , Letourneau Alyssa R. , Shenoy Erica S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is not recommended outside of patients undergoing invasive urological procedures and during pregnancy. Despite national guidelines recommending against screening for ASB, this practice is prevalent. We present outcomes from a quality-improvement intervention targeting patients undergoing cardiac artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) at Massachusetts General Hospital, a tertiary-care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, where preoperative testing checklists were modified to remove routine urinalysis and urine culture. This was a before-and-after intervention study.

Methods:
Prior to the intervention, screening for ASB was included in the preoperative check list for all patients undergoing CABG. We assessed the proportion of patients undergoing screening for ASB in the 6 months prior to and after the intervention. We estimated cost savings from averted laboratory analyses, and we evaluated changes in antibiotic prescriptions. We additionally examined the incidence of postoperative surgical-site infections (SSIs), central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs).

Results:
Comparing the pre- and postintervention periods, urinalyses decreased by 76.5% and urine cultures decreased by 87.0%, with an estimated cost savings of $8,090.38. There were 50% fewer antibiotic prescriptions for bacteriuria after the intervention.

Conclusions:
Removal of urinalysis and urine culture from preoperative checklists for cardiac surgery led to a statistically significant decrease in testing without an increase in SSIs, CLABSIs, CAUTIs, or CDI. Challenges identified included persistence of checklists in templated order sets in the electronic health record.
Factorisation de la cohomologie étale p-adique de la tour de Drinfeld
Authors: Colmez Pierre , Dospinescu Gabriel , Nizioł Wiesława 
Published: May 2023

Résumé
For a finite extension F of

${\mathbf Q}_p$

, Drinfeld defined a tower of coverings of

(the Drinfeld half-plane). For

$F = {\mathbf Q}_p$

, we describe a decomposition of the p-adic geometric étale cohomology of this tower analogous to Emerton’s decomposition of completed cohomology of the tower of modular curves. A crucial ingredient is a finiteness theorem for the arithmetic étale cohomology modulo p whose proof uses Scholze’s functor, global ingredients, and a computation of nearby cycles which makes it possible to prove that this cohomology has finite presentation. This last result holds for all F; for

$F\neq {\mathbf Q}_p$

, it implies that the representations of

$\mathrm{GL}_2(F)$

obtained from the cohomology of the Drinfeld tower are not admissible contrary to the case

$F = {\mathbf Q}_p$

.
Efficient simplicial replacement of semialgebraic sets
Authors: Basu Saugata , Karisani Negin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Designing an algorithm with a singly exponential complexity for computing semialgebraic triangulations of a given semialgebraic set has been a holy grail in algorithmic semialgebraic geometry. More precisely, given a description of a semialgebraic set

$S \subset \mathbb {R}^k$

by a first-order quantifier-free formula in the language of the reals, the goal is to output a simplicial complex

$\Delta $

, whose geometric realization,

$|\Delta |$

, is semialgebraically homeomorphic to S. In this paper, we consider a weaker version of this question. We prove that for any

$\ell \geq 0$

, there exists an algorithm which takes as input a description of a semialgebraic subset

$S \subset \mathbb {R}^k$

given by a quantifier-free first-order formula

$\phi $

in the language of the reals and produces as output a simplicial complex

$\Delta $

, whose geometric realization,

$|\Delta |$

is

$\ell $

-equivalent to S. The complexity of our algorithm is bounded by

$(sd)^{k^{O(\ell )}}$

, where s is the number of polynomials appearing in the formula

$\phi $

, and d a bound on their degrees. For fixed

$\ell $

, this bound is singly exponential in k. In particular, since

$\ell $

-equivalence implies that the homotopy groups up to dimension

$\ell $

of

$|\Delta |$

are isomorphic to those of S, we obtain a reduction (having singly exponential complexity) of the problem of computing the first

$\ell $

homotopy groups of S to the combinatorial problem of computing the first

$\ell $

homotopy groups of a finite simplicial complex of size bounded by

$(sd)^{k^{O(\ell )}}$

.
Evaluation of a new Perinatal Mental Health Service in a University Maternity Hospital
Authors: Cooney C. , Kennedy N. , Doherty A. , Shipsey M. , Lindow S. W. , Hinds C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectives:Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Services (SPMHS) are a new development in Ireland. This service evaluation examined the impact of the introduction of a SPMHS multidisciplinary team (MDT) on prescribing practices and treatment pathways in an Irish maternity hospital.Methods:Clinical charts were reviewed to collect data on all referrals, diagnoses, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions delivered in a SPMHS over a 3-week period in 2019. The findings were compared to the same 3-week period in 2020 following the expansion of the SPMHS MDT.Results:In 2019 (n = 32) and 2020 (n = 47), most (75 and 79%, respectively) assessments were antenatal. The proportion of patients prescribed psychotropic medication within the SPMHS was not significantly different from 2019 (31%) to 2020 (23%), though more patients were already prescribed psychotropic medications at the time of referral (22% in 2019 v. 36% in 2020). There was an increase in MDT interventions in 2020 with more input from psychology, clinical nurse specialist (CNS), and social work intervention. Adherence to prescribing standards improved from 2019 to 2020.Conclusion:Prescribing patterns remained unchanged between 2019 and 2020. Improvement was observed in adherence to prescribing standards and there was increased provision of MDT interventions in 2020. Broader diagnostic categories were also used in 2020, possibly suggesting that the service is now providing more individualized care.
The Rise of the Indigenous Jurists
Authors: Ando Clifford 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerous Roman grants to local communities of the right to use local law survive in contemporaneous copies starting in the second century BCE. Contemporaneous with these grants of autonomy, Rome urged institutional changes that reconstituted local elites as aristocracies of office. By contrast, evidence that individuals identified themselves as experts in local law survives in bulk only starting in the second century CE. The paper urges that the superimposition of Roman courts as courts of the second instance created a role in local polities for expertise in local law in mediation with these Roman courts, and that local elites sought to monopolize this role and the technocratic prestige that it brought.
Perspectives towards cultural competence and receptivity to cultural competence training: a qualitative study on healthcare professionals
Authors: Lai Daniel W. L. , Lee Vincent W. P. , Ruan Yong Xin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cultural competence training plays an effective role in improving cultural competence for healthcare professionals, but cultural competence training was found to be insufficient in Hong Kong.

Aim:
This study aims to explore receptivity and readiness of Hong Kong healthcare professionals (nurses, occupational therapists (OTs), and physiotherapists (PTs)) towards cultural competence training.

Methods:
Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 educators/trainers from tertiary institutions, 2 representatives of professional groups, and 14 managerial and frontline workers. Data were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis.

Findings:
Results show that nurses and PTs have lower levels of cultural competence than OTs owing to insufficient in-depth training and the nature of professional practice, and they expressed lower willingness to receive the training than OTs. However, the staff in these three professions encounter various challenges in serving ethnoculturally diverse groups. Therefore, barriers in receiving cultural competence training and best practice for providing cultural competence training were identified and discussed for these three professions.
3-Hydroxybutyrate ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Zhang Yudian , Li Zihua , Liu Xinyi , Chen Xinyu , Zhang Shujie , Chen Yuemeng , Chen Jiangnan , Chen Jin , Wu Fuqing , Chen Guo-Qiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) is a small ketone body molecule produced endogenously by the body in the liver. Previous studies have shown that 3HB can reduce blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. However, there is no systematic study and clear mechanism to evaluate and explain the hypoglycemic effect of 3HB. Here we demonstrate that 3HB reduces fasting blood glucose level, improves glucose tolerance, and ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2). Mechanistically, 3HB increases intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels by activating HCAR2, thereby stimulating adenylate cyclase (AC) to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, and then activating protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA inhibits Raf1 proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (Raf1) activity, resulting in a decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and ultimately inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Ser273 phosphorylation in adipocytes. Inhibition of PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation by 3HB altered the expression of PPARγ regulated genes and reduced insulin resistance. Collectively, 3HB ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through a pathway of HCAR2/Ca2+/cAMP/PKA/Raf1/ERK1/2/PPARγ.
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes periodontal fibrotic pathogenesis through deregulating mitochondrial beta-oxidation
Authors: Gao Yan , Kok Wai Ling , Sharma Vikram , Illsley Charlotte Sara , Hanks Sally , Tredwin Christopher , Hu Bing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe global high prevalence of COVID-19 is a major challenge for health professionals and patients. SARS-CoV-2 virus has four structural protein components: the spike protein, envelope protein, membrane protein, and nucleocapsid protein. The SARS-CoV-2 virus mutates predominantly in the spike proteins, whilst the other key viral components usually remain stable. Essentially the pathological functions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on different cell types are still largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that the human oral cavity can potentially act as reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the consequence of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on human oral health has not been systematically examined. COVID-19 can cause severe oral mucosa lesions and is likely to be connected with poor periodontal conditions. Fibroblasts are the major cell type inside periodontal ligament (PDL) and express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), whose expression level can increase upon bacterial infection hence potentially provide a direct route of SARS-CoV-2 infection to PDL fibroblasts. In this research, we aimed to study the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 viral components on human fibroblasts. We found that by exposing to SARS-CoV-2, especially to the viral envelope and membrane proteins, the human periodontal fibroblasts could develop fibrotic pathogenic phenotypes, including hyperproliferation that was simultaneously induced with increased apoptosis and senescence. The fibrotic degeneration was mediated by a down-regulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation in the fibroblasts. Fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitor, etomoxir treatment could mirror the same pathological consequence on the cells, similar to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results therefore provide novel mechanistic insights into how SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect human periodontal health at the cell and molecular level with potential new therapeutic targets for COVID-19 induced fibrosis.
Multisite regulation integrates multimodal context in sensory circuits to control persistent behavioral states in C. elegans
Authors: Thapliyal Saurabh , Beets Isabel , Glauser Dominique A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMaintaining or shifting between behavioral states according to context is essential for animals to implement fitness-promoting strategies. How the integration of internal state, past experience and sensory inputs orchestrates persistent multidimensional behavioral changes remains poorly understood. Here, we show that C. elegans integrates environmental temperature and food availability over different timescales to engage in persistent dwelling, scanning, global or glocal search strategies matching thermoregulatory and feeding needs. Transition between states, in each case, involves regulating multiple processes including AFD or FLP tonic sensory neurons activity, neuropeptide expression and downstream circuit responsiveness. State-specific FLP-6 or FLP-5 neuropeptide signaling acts on a distributed set of inhibitory GPCR(s) to promote scanning or glocal search, respectively, bypassing dopamine and glutamate-dependent behavioral state control. Integration of multimodal context via multisite regulation in sensory circuits might represent a conserved regulatory logic for a flexible prioritization on the valence of multiple inputs when operating persistent behavioral state transitions.
Long term anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and correlate of protection against Omicron BA.1/BA.2 infection
Authors: Perez-Saez Javier , Zaballa María-Eugenia , Lamour Julien , Yerly Sabine , Dubos Richard , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Villers Jennifer , Balavoine Jean-François , Pittet Didier , Kherad Omar , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Kaiser Laurent , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia , Azman Andrew S. ,   the Specchio-COVID19 study group, Arm-Vernez Isabelle , Bachmann Delphine , Bal Antoine , Barbe Rémy P. , Baysson Hélène , Berthelot Julie , Bryand-Rumley Gaëlle , Chappuis François , Collombet Prune , Coudurier-Boeuf Sophie , de Mestral Carlos , D’ippolito Paola , Dumont Roxane , El Merjani Nacira , Flahault Antoine , Francioli Natalie , Graindorge Clément , Harnal Séverine , Hurst Samia , Lescuyer Pierre , L’Huillier Arnaud G. , Loizeau Andrea Jutta , Lorthe Elsa , Martinez Chantal , Metral-Boffod Ludovic , Nehme Mayssam , Noël Natacha , Pennacchio Francesco , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Poulain Géraldine , Pugin Caroline , Pullen Nick , Richard Viviane , Rochat Déborah , Samir Khadija , Ramirez Hugo Santa , Satin Etienne , Schaller Philippe , Schrempft Stephanie , Semaani Claire , Testini Stéphanie , Urrutia-Rivas Déborah , Verolet Charlotte , Vetter Pauline , Violot Guillemette , Wisniak Ania 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBinding antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 have shown to be correlates of protection against infection with pre-Omicron lineages. This has been challenged by the emergence of immune-evasive variants, notably the Omicron sublineages, in an evolving immune landscape with high levels of cumulative incidence and vaccination coverage. This in turn limits the use of widely available commercial high-throughput methods to quantify binding antibodies as a tool to monitor protection at the population-level. Here we show that anti-Spike RBD antibody levels, as quantified by the immunoassay used in this study, are an indirect correlate of protection against Omicron BA.1/BA.2 for individuals previously infected by SARS-CoV-2. Leveraging repeated serological measurements between April 2020 and December 2021 on 1083 participants of a population-based cohort in Geneva, Switzerland, and using antibody kinetic modeling, we found up to a three-fold reduction in the hazard of having a documented positive SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 wave for anti-S antibody levels above 800 IU/mL (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.22-0.41). However, we did not detect a reduction in hazard among uninfected participants. These results provide reassuring insights into the continued interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 binding antibody measurements as an independent marker of protection at both the individual and population levels.