bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban geophysical exploration: case study in Chengdu International Bio-City
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Hua , Wang Donghui , Zhou Sheng , Zhang Wei , Long Xia , Yang Jiang , Wang Qiao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding the shallow geological structure of urban areas is crucial for effective planning and development of underground spaces. Geophysical methods that are well-suited for site-specific investigation and have robustly anti-interference capabilities can provide important geological information for urban areas. In support of investigating the 3D geological structure of the shallow subsurface in Chengdu International Bio-City, a geophysical exploration study was conducted using three methods: the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), micro-seismic exploration and opposing-coil transient electromagnetic method (OCTEM). Results from the study showed that the ERT method was greatly affected by local high-resistance bodies, construction sites and industrial currents, therefore leading to poor detection results that did not match well with the area’s layered structure characteristics. The micro-seismic exploration method showed good layering effects and correlation with the drilling data in the elevation range of ∼350 to 436 m, but poor layering effects and low correlation with drilling data in the elevation range of ∼235 to 350 m, with relatively slow construction efficiency. The OCTEM showed good correlation with the drilling data for shallow depths up to 200 m and good identification capabilities for gypsum and mudstone in the area. Additionally, the instrument’s anti-interference ability was suitable for complex urban conditions. Thus, OCTEM was selected for the area-based exploration with a 100 × 10 m grid, rapidly obtaining 3D resistivity information for depths up to 200 m in the study area. By integrating the 3D resistivity information with known engineering geological information, a comprehensive 3D geological model of the study area was created.
Radiation hydrodynamics in a moving plasma with Compton scattering: Revisited
Authors: Fukue J 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Radiation hydrodynamical equations with Compton scattering are presented in a convenient way; equations are available in the subrelativistic regime of $k_{\rm B}T/(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$, $h\nu /(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$ (or $k_{\rm B}T_{\rm rad}/(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$), and $v/c \lesssim 0.1$, where T is the electron temperature, ν the photon frequency, Trad the photon temperature, and v the fluid bulk velocity. Several basic concepts and radiation hydrodynamical phenomena under Compton scattering are briefly discussed; e.g. electron-scattering opacity and the Eddington luminosity, optical depth and a static atmosphere, the photon trapping radius, the magic terminal speed, the pseudo-photosphere of radiative winds, the explicit form of basic equations for steady flows, radiation acoustic wave, and so on.
Analysing the large-scale bulk flow using cosmicflows4: increasing tension with the standard cosmological model
Authors: Watkins Richard , Allen Trey , Bradford Collin James , Ramon Albert , Walker Alexandra , Feldman Hume A , Cionitti Rachel , Al-Shorman Yara , Kourkchi Ehsan , Tully R Brent 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an estimate of the bulk flow in a volume of radii 150−200 h−1 Mpc using the minimum variance method with data from the CosmicFlows-4 (CF4) catalogue. The addition of new data in the CF4 has resulted in an increase in the estimate of the bulk flow in a sphere of radius 150 h−1 Mpc relative to the CosmicFlows-3 (CF3). This bulk flow has an $\sim 0.015~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ chance of occurring in the standard cosmological model with cosmic microwave background derived parameters. Given that the CF4 is deeper than the CF3, we were able to use the CF4 to accurately estimate the bulk flow on scales of 200 h−1 Mpc (equivalent to 266 Mpc for Hubble constant H0 = 75 km s−1 Mpc−1) for the first time. This bulk flow is in even greater tension with the standard model, having $\sim 1.5\times 10^{-4}\ \%$ probability of occurring. To estimate the bulk flow accurately, we introduce a novel method to calculate distances and velocities from distance moduli that is unbiased and accurate at all distances. Our results are completely independent of the value of H0.
On the hysteresis effect in transitions between accretion and propeller regimes
Authors: Çıkıntoğlu Sercan , Ekşi K Yavuz 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Some observations and numerical simulations of disc–magnetosphere interaction show that accretion can proceed in the propeller regime. When the Alfvén radius is beyond the corotation radius, matter climbs up to the high latitudes where the Alfvén surface is inside the equilibrium surface and can accrete. We calculate the fraction of the mass flux in the disc that can accrete onto the neutron star depending on the fastness parameter and the inclination angle between rotation and magnetic axis. We find that, for a narrow range of the fastness parameter, the Alfvén and the equilibrium surfaces intersect at two different critical latitudes. While the system is transiting from the propeller to the accretion regime (the initial rise of an outburst), the disc is already thick and the part of the disc between these two critical latitudes cannot accrete. In transitions from the accretion to the propeller regime (decay of an outburst), the disc is thin, hence, full accretion of matter proceeds until the Alfvén radius moves beyond the equilibrium radius at the disc mid-plane. Therefore, the accretion regime commences at a smaller fastness parameter than it ceases. As a result, the transition from the propeller to the accretion regime occurs at a luminosity higher than the transition from the accretion to the propeller regime. We discuss the implications of our results for spectral transitions exhibited by low-mass X-ray binaries.
A new redback pulsar candidate 4FGL J2054.2+6904
Authors: Karpova A V , Zyuzin D A , Shibanov Yu A , Gilfanov M R 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The Fermi catalogue contains about 2000 unassociated γ-ray sources. Some of them were recently identified as pulsars, including so-called redbacks and black widows, which are millisecond pulsars in tight binary systems with non- and partially-degenerate low-mass stellar companions irradiated by the pulsar wind. We study a likely optical and X-ray counterpart of the Fermi source 4FGL J2054.2+6904 proposed earlier as a pulsar candidate. We use archival optical data as well as Swift/XRT and SRG/eROSITA X-ray data to clarify its nature. Using Zwicky Transient Facility data in g and r bands spanning over 4.7 yr, we find a period of ≈7.5 h. The folded light curve has a smooth sinusoidal shape with the peak-to-peak amplitude of ≈0.4 mag. The spectral fit to the optical spectral energy distribution of the counterpart candidate gives the star radius of 0.5 ± 0.1 R⊙ and temperature of 5500 ± 300 K implying a G2–G9-type star. Its X-ray spectrum is well fitted by an absorbed power law with the photon index of 1.0 ± 0.3 and unabsorbed flux of ≈2 × 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2. All the properties of 4FGL J2054.2+6904 and its presumed counterpart suggest that it is a member of the redback family.
An improved cubic approximation for Kepler’s equation
Authors: Brown Martin T 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
A novel cubic Pade approximation of sin(e sin E) is used to solve Kepler’s equation and compute the eccentric anomaly with high accuracy without requiring iteration. It requires computation of sin, cos, atan, sqrt, and a cube root. A refinement of the higher order difference methods is described that is faster and gives improved numerical accuracy.
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury—treatment standard
Authors: Zarbock Alexander , Koyner Jay L , Gomez Hernando , Pickkers Peter , Forni Lui ,   the Acute Disease Quality Initiative group, Nadim Mitra K , Bell Samira , Joannidis Michael , Kashani Kianoush , Pannu Neesh , Meersch Melanie , Reis Thiago , Rimmelé Thomas , Bagshaw Sean M , Bellomo Rinaldo , Cantaluppi Vicenzo , Deep Akash , De Rosa Silvia , Fernandez-Perez Xose , Husain-Syed Faeq , Kane-Gill Sandra L , Kelly Yvelynne , Mehta Ravindra L , Murray Patrick T , Ostermann Marlies , Prowle John , Ricci Zaccaria , See Emily J , Schneider Antoine , Soranno Danielle E , Tolwani Ashita , Villa Gianluca , Ronco Claudio 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Sepsis is a host's deleterious response to infection, which could lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is the most frequent organ dysfunction and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Sepsis contributes to ≈50% of all AKI in critically ill adult patients. A growing body of evidence has unveiled key aspects of the clinical risk factors, pathobiology, response to treatment and elements of renal recovery that have advanced our ability to detect, prevent and treat SA-AKI. Despite these advancements, SA-AKI remains a critical clinical condition and a major health burden, and further studies are needed to diminish the short and long-term consequences of SA-AKI. We review the current treatment standards and discuss novel developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, outcome prediction and management of SA-AKI.
Effect of the ketogenic diet as a treatment for refractory epilepsy in children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Díez-Arroyo Cristina , García-García Mónica , Soto-Méndez María José , Molina-Montes Esther , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Gil Ángel , Gutiérrez-Jimeno Miriam , Hernández-Ruiz Ángela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders in childhood. Antiepileptic drugs are the preferred treatment. However, 30% of children continue suffering seizures. A ketogenic diet (KD) is one of the emerging alternative treatments.

Objective
This review aims to analyze the current evidence regarding the use of a KD for the treatment of refractory epilepsy (RE) in childhood.

Data Sources
A systematic review of reviews was performed, based on MEDLINE (PubMed) as at January 2021.

Data Extraction
The data extracted included the first author’s last name; the year of publication; the country; the study design; the population; the diagnosis, concept, and description of KD types; and major outcome.

Results
Twenty-one reviews were included, 8 with systematic methodology (2 of them included a meta-analysis) and 13 with unsystematic methodology. The main difference between the 2 types of reviews is the reproducibility of their methodology. Therefore, the results of each type of review were analyzed separately. Each type of review described 4 categories of KD: classic KD, modified Atkins diet (MAD), use of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and low glycemic index treatment (LGIT). In terms of effectiveness, the considered systematic reviews reported reductions in the frequency of seizures greater than 50% in about half of the patients. Reviews without systematic methodology reported that 30%–60% of the children showed a 50% or greater reduction in seizures. The most frequently described adverse effects in the 8 systematic reviews were: vomiting (6/8), constipation (6/8), and diarrhea (6/8); and in the unsystematic reviews: vomiting and nausea (10/13), constipation (10/13), and acidosis (9/13).

Conclusion
KD can be an effective treatment for RE, with a more than 50% reduction in the frequency of seizures and cognitive improvement being achieved in half of the pediatric patients. The effectiveness of the various types of KD is comparable, and the KD can be adapted to the needs of the patient.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021244142.
Psychological factors and pain medication use in adolescents with chronic pain
Authors: Roman-Juan Josep , Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , Solé Ester , Castarlenas Elena , Jensen Mark P , Miró Jordi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the associations of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pain catastrophizing with pain medication use in adolescents with chronic pain and (2) the extent to which these associations differed as a function of adolescents’ sex.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from 320 adolescents 12–18 years of age with chronic pain were drawn from an epidemiological study on pediatric chronic pain conducted in Reus (Catalonia, Spain). Participants were asked to provide sociodemographic information and respond to measures assessing pain (location, frequency, intensity, and interference), pain medication use, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pain catastrophizing. Point biserial correlations were conducted to examine univariate associations between the psychological variables and pain medication use. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to examine these associations while controlling for demographic characteristics, pain intensity, and pain interference.

Results
Anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pain catastrophizing were significantly associated with pain medication use in univariate analyses. Regression analysis identified pain catastrophizing as a unique independent predictor of pain medication use after controlling for the effect of demographic variables (sex and age), pain intensity, and pain interference (odds ratio = 1.1, P &lt; .05). No moderating effect of adolescents’ sex on the associations between psychological factors and pain medication use was found.

Conclusions
Adolescents with chronic pain with higher levels of pain catastrophizing use pain medications more often. Research to examine the impact of interventions targeting pain catastrophizing on pain medication use among adolescents with chronic pain would be an important next step.
Protégés of power: Patrimonialism in mobility narratives of the Danish power elite
Authors: Ellersgaard Christoph Houman , Larsen Anton Grau , Sivertsen Morten Fischer , Christensen Anne Nørgaard , Lunding Jacob Aagaard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Career narratives among the Danish power elite often include the facilitating presence of an elite superior. We explore the role patrons play in the mobility narratives of the Danish power elite. Drawing from a highly select group identified in the core of elite networks, we interviewed 37 individuals selected for maximal variation in career paths, networks and positions within the power elite. We referenced the concept of patrimonialism to understand the relations between patrons and protégés in building an elite career and develop a typology identifying three kinds of patrimonial relations described by elites, intra-organizational relations to mentors and patriarchs and inter-organizational relations to sponsors. We then empirically explore the three types of patrimonial relations. Finally, we argue that each of these patrimonial relations reinforce elite cohesion, even in the supposedly critical case of good governance in Denmark. Hence, patrimonial relations present a crucial perspective for understanding contemporary power structures.
Aging inverts the effects of p75NTR‐modulated mTOR manipulation on hippocampal neuron synaptic plasticity in male mice
Authors: Wang Zijun , Kennedy Brian K. , Wong Lik‐Wei , Sajikumar Sreedharan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAge‐induced impairments in learning and memory are in part caused by changes to hippocampal synaptic plasticity during aging. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are implicated in synaptic plasticity processes. mTOR is also well known for its involvement in aging. Recently, p75NTR and mTOR were shown to be mechanistically linked, and that p75NTR mediates age‐induced impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Yet the consequences of p75NTR‐mTOR interaction on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and the role of mTOR in age‐induced cognitive decline, are unclear. In this study, we utilize field electrophysiology to study the effects of mTOR inhibition and activation on long‐term potentiation (LTP) in male young and aged wild‐type (WT) mice. We then repeated the experiments on p75NTR knockout mice. The results demonstrate that mTOR inhibition blocks late‐LTP in young WT mice but rescues age‐related late‐LTP impairment in aged WT mice. mTOR activation suppresses late‐LTP in aged WT mice while lacking observable effects on young WT mice. These effects were not observed in p75NTR knockout mice. These results demonstrate that the role of mTOR in hippocampal synaptic plasticity is distinct between young and aged mice. Such effects could be explained by differing sensitivity of young and aged hippocampal neurons to changes in protein synthesis or autophagic activity levels. Additionally, elevated mTOR in the aged hippocampus could cause excessive mTOR signaling, which is worsened by activation and alleviated by inhibition. Further research on mTOR and p75NTR may prove useful for advancing understanding and, ultimately, mitigation of age‐induced cognitive decline.
miR‐125b‐5p impacts extracellular vesicle biogenesis, trafficking, and EV subpopulation release in the porcine trophoblast by regulating ESCRT‐dependent pathway
Authors: Guzewska Maria M. , Witek Krzysztof J. , Karnas Elżbieta , Rawski Michał , Zuba‐Surma Ewa , Kaczmarek Monika M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types at the embryo–maternal interface. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be potent mediators of this communication by transferring biological information in their cargo (e.g., miRNAs) to the recipient cells. miRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that affect the function and fate of neighboring and distant cells by regulating gene expression. Focusing on the maternal side of the dialog, we recently revealed the impact of embryonic signals, including miRNAs, on EV‐mediated cell‐to‐cell communication. In this study, we show the regulatory mechanism of the miR‐125b‐5p ESCRT‐mediated EV biogenesis pathway and the further secretion of EVs by trophoblasts at the time when the crucial steps of implantation are taking place. To test the ability of miR‐125b‐5p to influence the expression of genes involved in the generation and release of EV subpopulations in porcine conceptuses, we used an ex vivo approach. Next, in silico and in vitro analyses were performed to confirm miRNA–mRNA interactions. Finally, EV trafficking and release were assessed using several imaging and particle analysis tools. Our results indicated that conceptus development and implantation are accompanied by changes in the abundance of EV biogenesis and trafficking machinery. ESCRT‐dependent EV biogenesis and the further secretion of EVs were modulated by miR‐125b‐5p, specifically impacting the ESCRT‐II complex (via VPS36) and EV trafficking in primary porcine trophoblast cells. The identified miRNA–ESCRT interplay led to the generation and secretion of specific subpopulations of EVs. miRNA present at the embryo–maternal interface governs EV‐mediated communication between the mother and the developing conceptus, leading to the generation, trafficking, and release of characteristic subpopulations of EVs.
Opioid Overdose: Limitations in Naloxone Reversal of Respiratory Depression and Prevention of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: van Lemmen Maarten , Florian Jeffrey , Li Zhihua , van Velzen Monique , van Dorp Eveline , Niesters Marieke , Sarton Elise , Olofsen Erik , van der Schrier Rutger , Strauss David G. , Dahan Albert 
Published: July 2023

Opioids are effective analgesics, but they can have harmful adverse effects, such as addiction and potentially fatal respiratory depression. Naloxone is currently the only available treatment for reversing the negative effects of opioids, including respiratory depression.
However, the effectiveness of naloxone, particularly after an opioid overdose, varies depending on the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of the opioid that was overdosed. Long-acting opioids, and those with a high affinity at the µ-opioid receptor and/or slow receptor dissociation kinetics, are particularly resistant to the effects of naloxone. In this review, the authors examine the pharmacology of naloxone and its safety and limitations in reversing opioid-induced respiratory depression under different circumstances, including its ability to prevent cardiac arrest.
Donor Foot Morbidity Following Nonvascularized Toe Phalanx Transfer Utilizing a New Reconstruction Technique
Authors: Kawabata Hidehiko , Okuno Kyoko , Tamura Daisuke , Higuchi Chikahisa , Goldfarb Charles A. 
Published: July 2023

Backgrounds:
Nonvascularized toe phalanx transfer is an accepted surgical option for short and hypoplastic digits in congenital hand abnormalities. However, one of the criticisms of this technique is the donor site morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate donor foot morbidity after nonvascularized toe phalanx transfer using a new donor site reconstruction technique.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 116 nonvascularized toe phalanx transfers in 69 children between 2001 and 2020 in whom the donor foot was reconstructed with a new technique using iliac osteochondral bone graft with periosteum. Feet treated with an isolated donor proximal phalanx of the fourth toe were selected and morbidity was assessed both subjectively and objectively at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Motion, stability, and alignment of the metatarsophalangeal joint were clinically evaluated. The relative length of the fourth toe to the third toe was measured on a roentgenogram. The satisfaction of the parents for overall function and appearance was evaluated using a visual analog scale.

Results:
Ninety-four operated feet in 65 patients, including 43 boys and 22 girls, were included. The right foot was evaluated in 52 patients and the left foot in 42 patients. The mean age at operation was 2 years and the mean follow-up period was 7.6 years. Motion at the metatarsophalangeal joint was good at 69% with an average extension of 45 degrees and flexion of 25 degrees. Stability and alignment were good at 95% and 84%, respectively. Only 4 toes had gross instability and 4 toes with poor alignment required revision surgery. Sixty-two toes (66%) maintained proportional length and 9 toes were graded as short. Parental satisfaction was high for appearance as well as function.

Conclusions:
This newly described technique of using iliac osteochondral bone graft with periosteum to reconstruct toe phalanx donors provided satisfactory results. The function and appearance of the donor foot after a nonvascularized toe phalanx transfer was well preserved.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV; therapeutic.