bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التعليم الجامعي الأهلي في اليمن بين التأييد والمعارضة
Authors: الأغبري أ.د. بدر سعيد على 
Published: May 2023

تتم في الآونة الأخيرة مراجعة شاملة في اليمن لدور الدولة في كافة المجالات (1) ومازالت هناك دراسات واتجاهات نحو التحول ومن تلك القضايا الخدمات ، وضرورة تقلص دور الدولة فيها ومن هذه الخدمات التعليم والصحة .
وقد توسع مجال التعليم بوصفة نشاطاً للدولة ، وتضخم بشكل كبير في السنوات الأخيرة حيث وصل عدد الطلاب في مرحلة التعليم الأساسي إلى 2951334 تلميذأً وتلميذة وعدد مدارسها 12560 مدرسة ، وفي مرحلة التعليم الثانوي العام فقد وصل عدد الطلاب فيه إلى 376080 طالباً وطالبة وبلغ عدد المدارس الثانوية 2833 مدرسة (2) وفي التعليم الجامعي 139822 طالباً وطالبة خلال العام 98/1999م وأصبح مجرد التفكير في إجراء تعديل أو إصلاح يتطلب حذراً شديداً وخطوات متأنية ، حتى لا يصطدم التغيير أو التطوير بقاعدة المتعاملين من أفراد المجتمع التي تمثل غالبية المواطنين ( الطالب + الأسرة ) وفي ضوء التحولات الاقتصادية الجارية وقياساً على السياسات المعلنة للخصخصة فهل يستمر التعليم نشاطاً تعود ملكيته وإدارته إلى الدولة وهل هذه الاستمرارية لصالح حركة

تحديثه أو تطويره وهل رؤية المستقبل تفرض علينا أن نبحث عن صيغ جديدة لشكل ملكية مؤسسات التعليم ونظم إدارته(3) .

وقد اتجهت اليمن بعد تحقيق الوحدة عام 1990م إلى العناية بالتعليم من جميع جوانبه وانعقد أول مؤتمر وطني لمراجعة أوضاع التعليم التقني والتدريب المهني(4) وتم توحيد التعليم بين شطري الوطن واتسعت رقعة الفرص المتكاملة في التعليم وأصبحت سنوات سن الإلزام تسع سنوات من سن السادسة حتى الخامسة عشرة ، والاتجاه إلى تطوير المناهج وجعلها وظيفية ومتصلة بحياة التلاميذ وانتشرت الجامعات والكليات الجامعية في محافظات اليمن وسمحت الدولة للقطاع الخاص في الاستثمار في التعليم من فتح العديد من المدارس الخاصة والكليات والجامعات الخاصة ونظراً للدور الكبير الذي تلعبه الجامعات من خلال القيام بالتدريس والبحث العلمي وخدمة المجتمع فقد لجأت إليها مؤسسات المجتمع تطلب مساعدتها أو خبرة أساتذتها في وقت السلم كما هو في وقت الحرب ، ومن المعروف أن إنجازات الجامعات في مختلف مجالات الحياة تتوقف بالدرجة الأولى على كفاية القائمين عليها وقدراتهم . وبدلاً من الاتجاه إلى إنشاء الجامعات الأهلية والخاصة.
كان الأجدر بالحكومة وأصحاب رأس المال الوطني أن تقدم العون والمساعدة للجامعات الموجودة من أجل أن تستطيع الوفاء بالتزاماتها العلمية تجاه المجتمع اليمني بالشكل المطلوب.

(1) الاصلاحات الاقتصادية والمالية والإدارية في الجمهورية اليمنية ، المؤتمر الاقتصادي اليمني الثاني ، صنعاء ، إبريل 1998م
(2) وزارة التربية والتعليم ، المسح التربوي في الجمهورية اليمنية لعام 98/99م .
(3) المجلس الاستشاري بالتعاون مع وزارة التخطيط والتنمية ، التعليم العالي ومتطلبات التنمية واحتياجات سوق العمل في الجمهورية اليمنية ، صنعاء ، نوفمبر 99م
(4) انعقد أو مؤتمر وطني خاص بالتعليم التقني والتدريب المهني بصنعاء خلال الفترة 23 – 27 فبراير 99م، إشراف وزارة العمل والتدريب المهني .
On Neutrosophic Relations in Group Theory
Authors: Mohammed Abed Majid , Jarwan Dunia Alawi , Salih Marrwa Abdallah 
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study neutrosophic of some triple relations or neutrosophic triple set (NTS) and related to the homomorphism groups. Various properties like equivalent relation, product, intersection and the union are studied. We showed several equivalent relations in group theory with new examples about neutrosophic homomorphism. Finally, some definitions, examples and other remarks of neutrosophic of these relations are given.
PKM Imunisasi Campak Di Puskesmas Bontomarannu
Authors: Yulis Dian Meiliani , Serli Serli , Aulia R Rezqiqah , Rosida Rosida , Andi Latif Sarifudin , K Hairuddin 
Published: May 2023

Imunisasi adalah suatu cara untuk meningkatkan kekebalan seseorang secara aktif terhadap suatu penyakit, sehingga bila kelak terpapar dengan penyakit tersebut tidak akan menderita penyakit tersebut karena system imun tubuh mempunyai system memori (daya ingat), ketika vaksin masuk kedalam tubuh maka akan dibentuk antibody untuk melawan vaksin tersebut dan system memori akan menyimpannya sebagai sutau pengalaman. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat tentang peningkatan pengetahuan pada ibu-ibu. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa setelah dilakukan imunisasi vaksinasi yang tepat dan cermat sertadidukung kerja sama yang baik oleh keluarga pasien dan pasien sendiri maka dengan imunisasi campak tidak muncul demam ringan, infeksi ringan pada saluran nafas dan diare karena antisipasi yang tepat. Kesimpulan didapatkan bahwa Imunisasi Campak di Puskesmas Bontomarannu., TIM PKM tidak menemukan kesenjangan dalam menetapkan pelaksanaan secara menyeluruh, untuk mengatasi demam pada anak, anjurkan ibu untuk tetap memberikan makanan bergizi, anjurkan ibu untuk tetap menjaga kesehatan dan gizi anak serta anjurkan ibu untuk datang ke tenaga kesehatan bila ada keluhan.
Association of a Housing Mobility Program With Childhood Asthma Symptoms and Exacerbations
Authors: Pollack Craig Evan , Roberts Laken C. , Peng Roger D. , Cimbolic Pete , Judy David , Balcer-Whaley Susan , Grant Torie , Rule Ana , Deluca Stefanie , Davis Meghan F. , Wright Rosalind J. , Keet Corinne A. , Matsui Elizabeth C. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceStructural racism has been implicated in the disproportionally high asthma morbidity experienced by children living in disadvantaged, urban neighborhoods. Current approaches designed to reduce asthma triggers have modest impact.ObjectiveTo examine whether participation in a housing mobility program that provided housing vouchers and assistance moving to low-poverty neighborhoods was associated with reduced asthma morbidity among children and to explore potential mediating factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study of 123 children aged 5 to 17 years with persistent asthma whose families participated in the Baltimore Regional Housing Partnership housing mobility program from 2016 to 2020. Children were matched to 115 children enrolled in the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) birth cohort using propensity scores.ExposureMoving to a low-poverty neighborhood.Main OutcomesCaregiver-reported asthma exacerbations and symptoms.ResultsAmong 123 children enrolled in the program, median age was 8.4 years, 58 (47.2%) were female, and 120 (97.6%) were Black. Prior to moving, 89 of 110 children (81%) lived in a high-poverty census tract (&amp;gt;20% of families below the poverty line); after moving, only 1 of 106 children with after-move data (0.9%) lived in a high-poverty tract. Among this cohort, 15.1% (SD, 35.8) had at least 1 exacerbation per 3-month period prior to moving vs 8.5% (SD, 28.0) after moving, an adjusted difference of −6.8 percentage points (95% CI, −11.9% to −1.7%; P = .009). Maximum symptom days in the past 2 weeks were 5.1 (SD, 5.0) before moving and 2.7 (SD, 3.8) after moving, an adjusted difference of −2.37 days (95% CI, −3.14 to −1.59; P &amp;lt; .001). Results remained significant in propensity score–matched analyses with URECA data. Measures of stress, including social cohesion, neighborhood safety, and urban stress, all improved with moving and were estimated to mediate between 29% and 35% of the association between moving and asthma exacerbations.Conclusions and RelevanceChildren with asthma whose families participated in a program that helped them move into low-poverty neighborhoods experienced significant improvements in asthma symptom days and exacerbations. This study adds to the limited evidence suggesting that programs to counter housing discrimination can reduce childhood asthma morbidity.
A virtual audit system for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy credentialing in Japan Clinical Oncology Group clinical trials: A pilot study
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Zhou Dejun , Minemura Toshiyuki , Kito Satoshi , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Tohyama Naoki , Kurooka Masahiko , Kumazaki Yu , Ishikawa Masayori , Clark Catharine H , Miles Elizabeth , Lehmann Joerg , Andratschke Nicolaus , Kry Stephen , Ishikura Satoshi , Mizowaki Takashi , Nishio Teiji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe Medical Physics Working Group of the Radiation Therapy Study Group at the Japan Clinical Oncology Group is currently developing a virtual audit system for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy dosimetry credentialing. The target dosimeters include films and array detectors, such as ArcCHECK (Sun Nuclear Corporation, Melbourne, Florida, USA) and Delta4 (ScandiDos, Uppsala, Sweden). This pilot study investigated the feasibility of our virtual audit system using previously acquired data.MethodsWe analyzed 46 films (32 and 14 in the axial and coronal planes, respectively) from 29 institutions. Global gamma analysis between measured and planned dose distributions used the following settings: 3%/3 mm criteria (the dose denominator was 2 Gy), 30% threshold dose, no scaling of the datasets, and 90% tolerance level. In addition, 21 datasets from nine institutions were obtained for array evaluation. Five institutions used ArcCHECK, while the others used Delta4. Global gamma analysis was performed with 3%/2 mm criteria (the dose denominator was the maximum calculated dose), 10% threshold dose, and 95% tolerance level. The film calibration and gamma analysis were conducted with in‐house software developed using Python (version 3.9.2).ResultsThe means ± standard deviations of the gamma passing rates were 99.4 ± 1.5% (range, 92.8%–100%) and 99.2 ± 1.0% (range, 97.0%–100%) in the film and array evaluations, respectively.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of virtual audits. The proposed virtual audit system will contribute to more efficient, cheaper, and more rapid trial credentialing than on‐site and postal audits; however, the limitations should be considered when operating our virtual audit system.
3D Sb‐Based Composite Framework with Gradient Sodiophilicity for Ultrastable Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Zhaopeng , Qin Hongye , Tian Wenyue , Miao Licheng , Cao Kangzhe , Si Yuchang , Li Haixia , Wang Qinglun , Jiao Lifang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSodium (Na) dendrites, as the ringleader for triggering safety concerns, have restricted the practical application of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). The fundamental reason is due to the high activity of Na metal anodes, which can continuously induce the interfacial side reactions and Na dendrites growth, resulting in rapid capacity deterioration, low Coulombic efficiency, and even internal short‐circuit. In order to enhance the safety and stability of SMBs, a flexible 3D hollow porous carbon nanofiber framework embedded with Sb nanoparticles (Sb@HPCNF) is reported by integrating interface chemistry and structural engineering. The 3D Sb@HPCNF framework with gradient sodiophilicity can maintain highly reversible Na plating–stripping cycles at 5 mA cm−2 for >550 h and possesses a low overpotential of 24 mV. In addition, the full‐cells using Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode and Sb@HPCNF‐Na anode exhibit impressive long‐term cycling stability and excellent high‐rate performance. This study provides a new insight on constructing functionalized 3D composite framework with gradient sodiophilicity toward next‐generation high‐safety and high‐energy SMBs.
Lithiophilic Mo2C Clusters‐Embedded Carbon Nanofibers for High Energy Density Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Huang Aoming , Wu Yuhan , Huang Hongjiao , Li Chunsheng , Sun Yan , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLithium metal anodes are widely regarded as the ideal candidate for the next generation of high‐energy‐density lithium batteries. Here, a 3D host made of lithiophilic Mo2C clusters‐embedded carbon nanofibers (Mo2C@CNF) is developed. The uniformly dispersed clusters and large specific surface areas of Mo2C@CNF provide numerous nucleation sites for lithium deposition. Mo2C clusters exhibit ultralow nucleation overpotential compared to MoO2, which is also supported by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the transition metal element serves as a catalyst for the formation of a stable and robust solid electrolyte interphase layer containing LiF on Mo2C@CNF, effectively mitigating the occurrence of dead lithium and enhancing the Coulombic efficiency during prolonged operation. As a result, the Mo2C@CNF composite delivers superior electrochemical performance (>1600 h) at 1 mA cm−2 and lower nucleation overpotential (13 mV) for lithium plating. The Li/Mo2C@CNF anode coupled with the commercial LiFePO4 cathode exhibits excellent cycling stability (300 cycles at 1 C) and high rate capability at low N/P ratios.
Simple and Versatile Platforms for Manipulating Light with Matter: Strong Light–Matter Coupling in Fully Solution‐Processed Optical Microcavities
Authors: Strang Andrew , Quirós‐Cordero Victoria , Grégoire Pascal , Pla Sara , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , Sastre‐Santos Ángela , Silva‐Acuña Carlos , Stavrinou Paul N. , Stingelin Natalie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlanar microcavities with strong light–matter coupling, monolithically processed fully from solution, consisting of two polymer‐based distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) comprising alternating layers of a high‐refractive‐index titanium oxide hydrate/poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid material and a low‐refractive‐index fluorinated polymer are presented. The DBRs enclose a perylene diimide derivative (b‐PDI‐1) film positioned at the antinode of the optical mode. Strong light–matter coupling is achieved in these structures at the target excitation of the b‐PDI‐1. Indeed, the energy‐dispersion relation (energy vs in‐plane wavevector or output angle) in reflectance and the group delay of transmitted light in the microcavities show a clear anti‐crossing—an energy gap between two distinct exciton‐polariton dispersion branches. The agreement between classical electrodynamic simulations of the microcavity response and the experimental data demonstrates that the entire microcavity stack can be controllably produced as designed. Promisingly, the refractive index of the inorganic/organic hybrid layers used in the microcavity DBRs can be precisely manipulated between values of 1.50 to 2.10. Hence, microcavities with a wide spectral range of optical modes might be designed and produced with straightforward coating methodologies, enabling fine‐tuning of the energy and lifetime of the microcavities‘ optical modes to harness strong light–matter coupling in a wide variety of solution processable active materials.
Rationally Engineered Vertically Aligned β‐Ga2−xWxO3 Nanocomposites for Self‐Biased Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrafast Response
Authors: Das Debabrata , Sanchez Francelia , Barton Dallin J. , Tan Susheng , Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Devaraj Arun , Ramana Chintalapalle V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the astonishing advancement of present technology and increasing energy consumption, there is an ever‐increasing demand for energy‐efficient multifunctional sensors or transducers based on low‐cost, eco‐friendly material systems. In this context, self‐assembled vertically aligned β‐Ga2−xWxO3 nanocomposite (GWO‐VAN) architecture‐assisted self‐biased solar‐blind UV photodetection on a silicon platform, which is the heart of traditional electronics is presented. Utilizing precisely controlled growth parameters, the formation of W‐enriched vertical β‐Ga2−xWxO3 nanocolumns embedded into the W‐deficient β‐Ga2−xWxO3 matrix is reached. Detailed structural and morphological analyses evidently confirm the presence of β‐Ga2−xWxO3 nanocomposite with a high structural and chemical quality. Furthermore, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy explains photo‐absorption dynamics and the recombination through possible donor–acceptor energy states. The proposed GWO‐VAN framework facilitates evenly dispersed nanoregions with asymmetric donor energy state distribution and thus forms build‐in potential at the vertical β‐Ga2−xWxO3 interfaces. As a result, the overall heterostructure evinces photovoltaic nature under the UV irradiation. A responsivity of ≈30 A/W is observed with an ultrafast response time (≈350 µs) under transient triggering conditions. Corresponding detectivity and external quantum efficiency are 7.9 × 1012 Jones and 1.4 × 104%, respectively. It is believed that, while this is the first report exploiting GWO‐VAN architecture to manifest self‐biased solar‐blind UV photodetection, the implication of the approach is enormous in designing electronics for extreme environment functionality and has immense potential to demonstrate drastic improvement in low‐cost UV photodetector technology.
Microspectroscopy on Thin Films of Colloidal Mixture Gradients for Data‐Driven Optimization of Optical Properties
Authors: Schöttle Marius , Theis Maximilian , Lauster Tobias , Hauschild Stephan , Retsch Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThin films comprising mixtures of different colloids provide a simple approach to materials with tunable optical properties. However, the prediction of UV–vis spectra for different compositions in colloidal crystals and glasses is difficult. The degree of disorder, for example, determines whether the optical response is dominated by incoherent scattering, coherent scattering, or Bragg diffraction. Both the volume ratio, as well as the morphology of the individual constituents, influence the properties of the ensemble, which necessitates extensive screening procedures. Here, a method for expediting such a screening approach by means of gradient colloidal crystals and glasses is shown. Continuous composition gradients, combined with local microspectroscopy, allow for the characterization of the entire composition range with high reproducibility, thereby reducing the experimental effort. This is shown for a system of spherical polymer particles with different radii. An optimum of the scattering efficiency in the visible wavelength range is shown close to the order/disorder transition at the edge of the composition range. The high‐throughput screening method presented here can generate large data sets that may contribute to machine‐learning‐enabled optimization of self‐assembled optical materials.
High Green Purity and Narrow Emission Ceramic‐Like Perovskite Nanocrystals Enabled by Solid‐Phase Reaction Process
Authors: Dong Hongyuan , Tian Shuyu , Sun Xuejiao , Mukhin Ivan S. , Islamova Regina M , Li Gang , Tian Jianjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere, ceramic‐like CsPbBr3@SiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 98.7%, green purity of 90%, and narrow full width at half maximum of 22 nm are successfully achieved by a solid‐phase reaction process. The SiO2 shell covers the surface of the NCs, providing long‐term working and excellent thermal cycling stability. Ba2+ dopes the lattice of the perovskite structure under high‐temperature sintering at 700 °C, resulting in the red‐shift of the NCs emission due to the decrease of the bandgap caused by the lattice modulation with Ba2+. At the same time, the halogen vacancies are effectively passivated by a halogen‐rich environment of dopants (BaBr2). The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage of the doped ceramic‐like NCs is (0.170, 0.760), which approaches the Rec.2020 standard. By means of this solid reaction process, red, green, and blue ceramic‐like perovskite NCs are prepared to achieve white light‐emitting diodes, covering 124% of the National Television Standards Committee.
Exciton Emission in Molybdenum Telluride Homobilayers with Fine‐Tuned Twist‐Angles
Authors: Wang Shiyuan , Wang Feiyue , Chen Chuoqi , Wu Youxuan , Chen Junxin , Ou Hai , Chen Huanjun , Bie Ya‐Qing , Deng Shaozhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLayered 2H‐molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) is a promising near‐infrared material with optical activity, which enables hybrid‐integrated with silicon photonics for communication purposes. The use of various artificial hetero‐stacking or twist‐stacking techniques can further expand the emission bandwidth and offer more choices of optical‐active materials used as building blocks in on‐chip optoelectronic devices. However, while the twisting technique is an effective tool for adjusting interlayer interaction in van der Waals materials, a systematic experimental study of twisted MoTe2 homobilayers is currently lacking. Here, a series of MoTe2 homobilayers were prepared with precisely controlled twist‐angles from 0° to 60°, with a particular focus on the small‐twist region. Conducting photoluminescence measurements at low temperatures enabled observation of the evolution of exciton emission as the twist angle increases. Neutral and charged excitons were also identified in a dual‐gated 1.4° twisted MoTe2 through gate‐dependent and field‐dependent photoluminescence measurements. Furthermore, spatially‐resolved photoluminescence measurements revealed the critical role of the interface conditions, including interlayer spacing and strain, in addition to the twist‐angle, in determining the excitonic behavior of the material. This study provides compelling experimental evidence for understanding the twist‐angle‐dependent excitonic behaviors in atomically thin semiconductors.
Divergent Synthesis of Quinolones through Radical C−H Functionalization/Cyclization
Authors: Xu Jun , Xu Wenqiang , Zhang Xinhao , Wu Jie , Zhang Pengfei , Song Lijuan , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDivergent synthesis is an effective, yet challenging method to selectively access different molecules from a single starting material. Herein, we demonstrate a divergent and controllable synthesis of quinolones by sulfonyl chloride‐controlled, copper‐catalyzed, site‐selective radical C−H functionalization/cyclization of quinoline scaffolds. Our catalytic system can tolerate a wide range of functional groups and provide both 2‐thioquinolone and 4‐quinolone derivatives in moderate to good yields. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations indicate a single‐electron transfer mechanism, and the steric hindrance of sulfonyl chlorides and their electronic effect are decisive for reaction selectivity. This transformation provides not only a novel example of divergent radical C−H functionalization controlled by small organic molecules, but also an efficient way to rapidly derivatize medicinally important scaffolds and ultimately facilitate late‐stage drug modification.
Communication in times of crisis: Information flow among Chinese hog producers during the African swine fever outbreak
Authors: Gao Shijun , Grebitus Carola , Schmitz Troy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) had an enormous economic and social impact on Chinese hog producers. Using a face‐to‐face survey with hog farmers from two regions of China, Chongqing, and Hebei, this research investigated how social influence affects producers’ behavior under disease outbreak using social network analysis. It was analyzed how information flows during an epidemic, such as ASF. Results indicate that hog producers used phone and text more frequently to communicate during the epidemic than before. Face‐to‐face meetings with other hog producers and sales agents decreased during the ASF epidemic—potentially leading to isolation. Moreover, the frequency of face‐to‐face meetings with veterinarians decreased for farmers living in a village in Hebei but remained the same for hog producers in Chongqing. This suggests that the desire to have less face‐to‐face meetings was being replaced with the demand for more help regarding hog health from veterinarians when hog producers lived farther away from each other compared to those living closer together. Employing a random effect ordered probit model, these results were further validated, showing that hog producers dramatically reduced their communication frequency with others after the outbreak of ASF. Findings provide insights into how information flows and how actors communicate during a situation of crisis. [EconLit Citations: D71, D85, Q12, Q18].