bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of thromboprophylaxis on hospital acquired thrombosis following discharge in patients admitted with COVID‐19: Multicentre observational study in the UK
Authors: Arachchillage Deepa J. , Rajakaruna Indika , Odho Zain , Makris Mike , Laffan Mike ,   CA‐COVID19 Investigators
Published: May 2023

AbstractPost‐discharge thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted with COVID‐19 remains controversial. We aimed to determine the impact of thromboprophylaxis on hospital acquired thrombosis (HAT) in patients (≥18 years) discharged following admission for COVID‐19 in an observational study across 26 NHS Trusts in the UK (01.04.2020–31.12.2021). Overall, 8895 patients were included to the study: 971 patients were discharged with thromboprophylaxis and propensity score matched (PSM) with a desired ratio of 1:1, from patients discharged without thromboprophylaxis. Patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia, major bleeding during admission and pregnant women were excluded. As expected from 1:1 PSM, no difference was observed in parameters between the two groups, including duration of hospital stay, except the thromboprophylaxis group had a significantly higher proportion who had received therapeutic dose anticoagulation during admission. There were no differences in the laboratory parameters especially D‐dimers between the two groups at admission or discharge. Median duration of thromboprophylaxis following discharge from hospital was 4 weeks (1–8 weeks). No difference was found in HAT in patients discharged with TP versus no TP (1.3% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.52). Increasing age and smoking significantly increased the risk of HAT. Many patients in both cohorts had raised D‐dimer at discharge but D‐dimer was not associated with increased risk of HAT.
Novel positron emission tomography imaging targeting cell surface glycans for pancreatic cancer: 18F‐labeled rBC2LCN lectin
Authors: Kuroda Yukihito , Oda Tatsuya , Shimomura Osamu , Louphrasitthiphol Pakavarin , Mathis Bryan J. , Tateno Hiroaki , Hatano Kentaro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdvancement in early detection modalities will greatly improve the overall prognoses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). For this purpose, we report a novel class of tumor‐specific probes for positron emission tomography (PET) based on targeting cell surface glycans. The PDAC‐targeting ability of rBC2LCN lectin, combined with fluorine‐18 (18F) ([18F]FB‐rBC2LCN), resulted in reproducible, high‐contrast PET imaging of tumors in a PDAC xenograft mouse model. [18F]N‐succinimidyl‐4‐fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) was conjugated to rBC2LCN, and [18F]FB‐rBC2LCN was successfully prepared with a radiochemical purity >95%. Cell binding and uptake revealed that [18F]FB‐rBC2LCN binds to H‐type‐3‐positive Capan‐1 pancreatic cancer cells. As early as 60 min after [18F]FB‐rBC2LCN (0.34 ± 0.15 MBq) injection into the tail vein of nude mice subcutaneously bearing Capan‐1 tumors, tumor uptake was high (6.6 ± 1.8 %ID/g), and the uptake increased over time (8.8 ± 1.9 %ID/g and 11 ± 3.2 %ID/g at 150 and 240 min after injection, respectively). Tumor‐to‐muscle ratios increased over time, up to 19 ± 1.8 at 360 min. High‐contrast PET imaging of tumors relative to background muscle was also achieved as early as 60 min after injection of [18F]FB‐rBC2LCN (0.66 ± 0.12 MBq) and continued to increase up to 240 min. Our 18F‐labeled rBC2LCN lectin warrants further clinical development to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of early‐stage pancreatic cancer detection.
Latent profiles of children's shyness: Behavioral, affective, and physiological components
Authors: Poole Kristie L. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractShyness can manifest on behavioral, affective, and physiological levels, but little is known about how these components cluster. We coded behavioral expressions of avoidance/inhibition, collected self‐reported nervousness, and measured cardiac vagal withdrawal in 152 children (Mage = 7.82 years, 73 girls, 82% White) to a speech task in 2018–2021. A latent profile analysis using these behavioral, affective, and physiological indicators revealed four profiles: average reactive (43%), lower affective reactive (20%), higher affective reactive (26%), and consistently higher reactive (11%). Membership in the higher reactive profile predicted higher parent‐reported temperamental shyness across 2 years. Findings provide empirical support for the long‐theorized idea that shyness might exist as an emotional state but also represents a distinct temperamental quality for some children.
Developmental trajectories of behavioral inhibition from infancy to age seven: The role of genetic and environmental risk for psychopathology
Authors: Anaya Berenice , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Leve Leslie D. , Ganiban Jody M. , Reiss David , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Shaw Daniel S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study leveraged data from a longitudinal adoption study of 361 families recruited between 2003 and 2010 in the United States. We investigated how psychopathology symptoms in birth parents (BP;Mage = 24.1 years; 50.5–62.9% completed high school) and adoptive parents (AP;Mage = 37.8 years; 80.9% completed college; 94% mother–father couples) influenced children's behavioral inhibition (BI) trajectories. We used latent growth models of observed BI at 18 and 27 months, and 4.5 and 7 years in a sample of adopted children (Female = 42%, White = 57%, Black = 11%, Multi‐racial = 21%, Latinx = 9%). BI generally decreased over time, yet there was substantial variability in these trajectories. Neither BP nor AP psychopathology symptoms independently predicted systematic differences in BI trajectories. Instead, we found that AP internalizing symptoms moderated the effects of BP psychopathology on trajectories of BI, indicating a gene by environment interaction.
Delivering wildlife habitat on productive agricultural lands cost‐effectively: The case of migratory shorebirds on California rice lands
Authors: Laney Rheyna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPromoting wildlife habitat on working agricultural land is a growing conservation priority, and agri‐environment schemes are using payments for environmental services (PES) to reach these privately owned lands. PES can be ecologically effective, but also expensive, putting pressure on these schemes to be cost‐effective, maximizing the conservation value of their limited resources. This study assesses the cost‐effectiveness of four PES schemes in California that paid rice growers to provide temporary flood habitat on their working lands in support of shorebirds. It examines whether the schemes (1) paid for flood habitat only when needed (targeting); (2) paid for habitat that was actually delivered and would not otherwise be provided (additionality); (3) sacrificed as little habitat as possible when the habitat competed with production (ag/wildlife balance); and (4) fostered a commitment among growers to maintain the habitat after payments ended (permanence). Results show that the schemes fell short in each of the four goals, and they expose several factors that undermined their cost‐effectiveness. First, variable weather patterns altered the date in which the shorebird‐habitat gap emerged year‐to‐year, creating a dynamic and unpredictable target for the schemes to address. Second, growers' views on the compatibility of the flood habitat with their rice production varied widely and changed rapidly as the agricultural calendar progressed, making it a challenge to mitigate potential ag/wildlife conflicts. Third, water for flood habitat is expensive, and growers proved unwilling to shoulder that expense once payments ended. These results highlight the need for schemes to adopt design elements that can add flexibility, such as cancelation clauses, so that they can adjust to dynamic targets and adapt to changing ag/wildlife relationships. Results also suggest that PES schemes operating on working lands may require long‐term external support. That finding amplifies the imperative that schemes use their conservation resources cost‐effectively.
Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma
Authors: Challa Bindu S. , Plaza Jose A. , Wakely Paul E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionPleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is an uncommon cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm. It is cytomorphologically identical to atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), but differs due to its invasion beyond the dermis. We undertook an examination of our experience with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy cytology of PDS.Materials and MethodsOur cytopathology files were searched for examples of PDS with concomitant histopathological verification. FNA biopsy smears and cell collection were performed using standard techniques.ResultsSeven cases of PDS were retrieved from four different patients (M:F, 1:1; age range: 63–88 years; mean age = 78 years). All patients (57%) presented with a primary tumour with one having an FNA biopsy of two local recurrences and a single distant metastasis. Five aspirates were from the extremities and two from the head/neck. Tumours ranged from 1.0 to 3.5 cm (mean, 2.2 cm). Specific cytological diagnoses were pleomorphic spindle/epithelioid sarcoma (3 cases), PDS (2), AFX (1), and atypical myofibroblastic lesion, query nodular fasciitis (1). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining from FNA‐generated cell blocks in two cases showed non‐specific staining with vimentin in both cases; positive CD10, CD68, and INI‐1 staining in one case; and smooth muscle actin expression in the other. Multiple negative stains were performed in both of these cases to exclude malignant melanoma, carcinoma, and specific forms of sarcoma. Cytopathology consisted of a mixture of spindle, epithelioid, and bizarre pleomorphic cells.ConclusionCoupled with ancillary IHC stains, FNA biopsy can help recognise PDS as a sarcomatous cutaneous neoplasm, but is unable to distinguish PDS from AFX.
Altered high‐density lipoprotein composition is associated with risk for complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asian descendants: A cross‐sectional, case‐control study on lipoprotein subclass profiling
Authors: Yuan Lushun , Li‐Gao Ruifang , Verhoeven Aswin , van Eyk Huub J. , Bizino Maurice B. , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Giera Martin , Jazet Ingrid M. , Lamb Hildo J. , Rabelink Ton J. , van den Berg Bernard M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundComposition of high‐density lipoproteins (HDL) is emerging as an important determinant in the development of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dutch South Asian (DSA) individuals with T2DM display an increased risk of microvascular complications compared with Dutch white Caucasian (DwC) individuals with T2DM. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether changes in HDL composition associate with increased microvascular risk in this ethnic group and lead to new lipoprotein biomarkers.Materials and MethodsUsing 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Bruker IVDr Lipoprotein Subclass Analysis (B.I.LISA) software, plasma lipoprotein changes were determined in 51 healthy individuals (30 DwC, 21 DSA) and 92 individuals with T2DM (45 DwC, 47 DSA) in a cross‐sectional, case‐control study. Differential HDL subfractions were investigated using multinomial logistic regression analyses, adjusting for possible confounders including BMI and diabetes duration.ResultsWe identified HDL compositional differences between healthy and diabetic individuals in both ethnic groups. Specifically, levels of apolipoprotein A2 and HDL‐4 subfractions were lower in DSA compared with DwC with T2DM. Apolipoprotein A2 and HDL‐4 subfractions also negatively correlated with waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, haemoglobin A1c, glucose levels and disease duration in DSA with T2DM, and associated with increased incidence of microvascular complications.ConclusionWhile HDL composition differed between controls and T2DM in both ethnic groups, the lower levels of lipid content in the smallest HDL subclass (HDL‐4) in DSA with T2DM appeared to be more clinically relevant, with higher odds of having diabetes‐related pan‐microvascular complications such as retinopathy and neuropathy. These typical differences in HDL could be used as ethnicity‐specific T2DM biomarkers.
Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes
Authors: Kahraman Erkan , Keles Nursen , Parsova Kemal Emrecan , Bastopcu Murat , Karatas Mesut 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular complex (PVC) is seen in most individuals. It has been shown that the kinetics‐tracking index or Kawasaki‐Tanaka index (KT index) strongly predicts pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) by noninvasively. KT index was defined as log10 (active LAEF/minimum LAV index). We goaled to assess PCWP non‐invasively in patients with frequent PVCs with normal left ventricular systolic functions and to evaluate whether there is an increase in PCWP before systolic and diastolic functions are impaired.MethodsAbout 55 patients with frequent PVCs as a patient group and 54 healthy volunteers as a control group were involved to the study. After the conventional echocardiographic examination, the vendor‐independent software system (EchoPAC version 202) was used to obtain the time‐left atrial volume (LAV) curve. total left atrial emptying function (LAEF), passive LAEF, and active LAEF were calculated to evaluate phasic left atrial (LA) function. In this study, ePCWP was calculated using the KT index, and KT index results and other echocardiographic parameters were compared between study groups.ResultsLA anterior‐posterior dimension, LA maximum volume index, and LA minimum volume index were significantly larger in the patient group (all p values < .001). Total LAEF were significantly reduced in patients with frequent PVC (p < .001). Estimated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (ePCWP) by KT index was significantly higher in patients with frequent PVCs (p < .001).Conclusions: Patients with frequent PVC had increased ePCWP as assessed by KT index.
Differences between children and adults in the neural encoding of voice fundamental frequency in the presence of noise and reverberation
Authors: Easwar Vijayalakshmi , Peng Z. Ellen , Mak Veronika , Mikiel‐Hunter Jason 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnvironmental noise and reverberation challenge speech understanding more significantly in children than in adults. However, the neural/sensory basis for the difference is poorly understood. We evaluated the impact of noise and reverberation on the neural processing of the fundamental frequency of voice (f0)—an important cue to tag or recognize a speaker. In a group of 39 6‐ to 15‐year‐old children and 26 adults with normal hearing, envelope following responses (EFRs) were elicited by a male‐spoken /i/ in quiet, noise, reverberation, and both noise and reverberation. Due to increased resolvability of harmonics at lower than higher vowel formants that may affect susceptibility to noise and/or reverberation, the /i/ was modified to elicit two EFRs: one initiated by the low frequency first formant (F1) and the other initiated by mid to high frequency second and higher formants (F2+) with predominantly resolved and unresolved harmonics, respectively. F1 EFRs were more susceptible to noise whereas F2+ EFRs were more susceptible to reverberation. Reverberation resulted in greater attenuation of F1 EFRs in adults than children, and greater attenuation of F2+ EFRs in older than younger children. Reduced modulation depth caused by reverberation and noise explained changes in F2+ EFRs but was not the primary determinant for F1 EFRs. Experimental data paralleled modelled EFRs, especially for F1. Together, data suggest that noise or reverberation influences the robustness of f0 encoding depending on the resolvability of vowel harmonics and that maturation of processing temporal/envelope information of voice is delayed in reverberation, particularly for low frequency stimuli.
EPOR activation attenuates colitis via enhancing LC3B‐dependent apoptotic cell clearance
Authors: Liu Xue , Zhang Ling‐Yuan , Zhang Yu‐Ge , Duan Ting‐Hong , Ding Yi , Pan Cai‐long , Xu Lu , Qian Cheng , Ni Min , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSystemic immune activation and excessive inflammatory response, induced by intestinal barrier damage, are the major characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Excessive apoptotic cell accumulation leads to the production of a large number of inflammatory factors, further aggravating IBD development. Gene set enrichment analysis data showed that the homodimeric erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) was highly expressed in the whole blood of patients with IBD. EPOR is specifically expressed in intestinal macrophages. However, the role of EPOR in IBD development is unclear. In this study, we found that EPOR activation significantly alleviated colitis in mice. Furthermore, in vitro, EPOR activation in bone marrow‐derived macrophage (BMDMs) promoted microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) activation and mediated the clearance of apoptotic cells. Moreover, our data showed that EPOR activation facilitated the expression of phagocytosis‐ and tissue‐repair‐related factors. Our findings suggest that EPOR activation in macrophages promotes apoptotic cell clearance, probably via LC3B‐associated phagocytosis (LAP), providing a new mechanism for understanding pathological progression and a novel potential therapeutic target for colitis.
School type and oral conditions associated with school performance and absenteeism in adolescents: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Cardoso Moisés Zacarias , Lana Tábata Mariana Silva Dalla , Collares Kauê , Bervian Juliane , Lopes Mateus Werklehr Paganotto , Signor Gabriela Ré , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Borba Márcia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundInvestigations assessing how oral health status affects school performance and attendance considering individual and community variables are lacking.AimTo analyze the association of school contextual factors and oral conditions with school performance and absenteeism in early adolescence.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was carried out with 593 12‐year‐old students from 20 schools in Passo Fundo, a southern city in Brazil. The caregivers provided sociodemographic information by means of a questionnaire. Oral health status was clinically examined for dental caries and gingival bleeding. Students answered the CPQ11‐14 questionnaire to assess the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Information on contextual factors was obtained from the schools' administrators. “School performance” was measured by Portuguese and Mathematic tests' scores, and “school absenteeism” by the number of school days missed. Descriptive statistics was conducted, followed by unadjusted and adjusted multilevel linear regression.ResultsAt the individual level, low OHRQoL was associated with lower school performance and higher absenteeism. At the contextual level, students from private schools had higher school performance and lower mean of school days missed.ConclusionsThe type of school and OHRQoL were associated with school performance and attendance of adolescents.
Realist synthesis protocol for understanding which strategies are effective to prevent urinary tract infection in older people in care homes
Authors: Prieto Jacqui , Wilson Jennie , Tingle Alison , Rycroft‐Malone Jo , Williams Lynne , Loveday Heather 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo identify and characterize strategies, which contribute to the prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) in older people living in care homes.DesignThe realist synthesis has four iterative stages to (1) develop initial programme theory; (2) search for evidence; (3) test and refine theory supported by relevant evidence and (4) formulate recommendations. Data from research articles and other sources will be used to explore the connection between interventions and the context in which they are applied in order to understand the mechanisms, which influence the outcomes to prevent UTI.MethodsA scoping search of the literature and workshops with stakeholders will identify initial programme theories. These theories will be tested and refined through a systematic search for evidence relating to mechanisms that trigger prevention and recognition of UTI in older people in care homes. Interviews with key stakeholders will establish practical relevance of the theories and their potential for implementation.DiscussionUTI is the most commonly diagnosed infection in care home residents. Evidence on the effectiveness of strategies to prevent UTI in long‐term care facilities does not address the practicality of implementing these approaches in UK care homes. The realist synthesis is designed to examine this important gap in evidence.ImpactOur evidence‐informed programme theory will help inform programmes to improve practice to reduce the incidence of UTI in older people living in care homes and related research. Patient and public involvement will be crucial to ensuring that our findings reach carers and the public.Patient and public contributionInvolvement of patient and public representatives is embedded throughout the study to ensure it is underpinned by multiple perspectives of importance to care home residents. Our co‐investigator representing patient and public involvement is a lay member of the team and will chair the Project Advisory Group, which has two additional lay members. This will help to ensure that our findings and resources reach carers and the public and represent their voice in our publications and presentations to professional and lay audiences.
Fine‐tuning brassinosteroid biosynthesis via 3′UTR‐dependent decay of CPD mRNA modulates wood formation in Populus
Authors: Wang Dian , Hao Xiaoning , Xu Li , Zhao Mengyan , Wang Congpeng , Yu Xihao , Kong Yingzhen , Lu Mengzhu , Zhou Gongke , Chai Guohua , Tang Xianfeng 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYBrassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that regulate wood formation in trees. Currently, little is known about the post‐transcriptional regulation of BR synthesis. Here, we show that during wood formation, fine‐tuning BR synthesis requires 3′UTR‐dependent decay of Populus CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC DWARF 1 (PdCPD1). Overexpression of PdCPD1 or its 3′ UTR fragment resulted in a significant increase of BR levels and inhibited secondary growth. In contrast, transgenic poplars repressing PdCPD1 3′ UTR expression displayed moderate levels of BR and promoted wood formation. We show that the Populus GLYCINE‐RICH RNA‐BINDING PROTEIN 1 (PdGRP1) directly binds to a GU‐rich element in 3′ UTR of PdCPD1, leading to its mRNA decay. We thus provide a post‐transcriptional mechanism underlying BRs synthesis during wood formation, which may be useful for genetic manipulation of wood biomass in trees.