bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putative effects of moringa oil or its nano-emulsion on the growth, physiological responses, blood health, semen quality, and the sperm antioxidant-related genes in ram
Authors: Ismail Rehab F. S. A. , Khalil Wael A. , Grawish Sara I. , Mahmoud Karima Gh. M. , Abdelnour Sameh A. , Gad Alaa M. A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhytochemicals have been effectively used to enhance the growth and productivity of farm animals, while the potential roles of essential oils and their nano-emulsions are limited. This plan was proposed to investigate the impacts of orally administered moringa oil (MO) or its nano-emulsion (NMO) on the growth, physiological response, blood health, semen attributes, and sperm antioxidant-related genes in rams. A total of 15 growing Rahmani rams were enrolled in this study and allotted into three groups. The 1st control group received a basal diet only and treated orally one mL of distilled water, while the 2nd, and 3rd groups received a basal diet and were orally treated with 1 mL of NMO or 2 mL of MO /head/day for 4 months, respectively. Growth, physiological response, blood health, semen quality, and antioxidant genes in sperm were assessed. The MO and NMO treatments had no significant effect on growth indices (final body weight and weight gain ) and physiological response (rectal temperature, pulse, and respiration rates) (P > 0.05). The NMO group had the lowest levels of MCV (mean corpuscular volume) (P < 0.05), while all treated groups produced higher levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Aspartate transferase (AST) and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the MO and NMO groups, while total protein and glucose levels were significantly improved in NMO group (P < 0.05). Serum and seminal interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) levels were significantly improved (P < 0.0001) in the NMO group. Testosterone in serum and seminal plasma was significantly improved (P < 0.0001) in the MO group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels showed a tendency to increase in both the MO and NMO groups, but this increase was not significant compared to the untreated group (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the MO group exhibited lower levels of AST and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were the lowest in the NMO group (P > 0.05). Mass motility, viability, membrane integrity and sperm concentration were significantly improved in the MO group (P < 0.0001) compared to the other groups. The NMO group had worse expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) compared to the control and MO groups. MO group significantly upregulated the catalase gene compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). The expression of Caspase-3 was highest in the group that received NMO compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). This study suggests that MO may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for improving the reproductive health in Rahmani rams.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts as therapeutic targets for cancer: advances, challenges, and future prospects
Authors: Cao Zhipeng , Quazi Sadia , Arora Sakshi , Osellame Laura D. , Burvenich Ingrid J. , Janes Peter W. , Scott Andrew M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResearch into cancer treatment has been mainly focused on developing therapies to directly target cancer cells. Over the past decade, extensive studies have revealed critical roles of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Notably, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have emerged as one of the primary contributors in shaping TME, creating a favourable environment for cancer development. Many preclinical studies have identified promising targets on CAFs, demonstrating remarkable efficacy of some CAF-targeted treatments in preclinical models. Encouraged by these compelling findings, therapeutic strategies have now advanced into clinical evaluation. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of relevant subjects on CAFs, including CAF-related markers and targets, their multifaceted roles, and current landscape of ongoing clinical trials. This knowledge can guide future research on CAFs and advocate for clinical investigations targeting CAFs.
Country economic status is strongly associated with burn survival - validation of the (modified) ABSI
Authors: Elrod Julia , Mohr Christoph , Branski Ludvik , Peterson Joshua M. , Wood Fionna M. , Edgar Dale W. , Agbenorku Pius , Chamania Shobha , Sharma Anant , Novaes Flavio N. , Katabogama Jean Bosco , Boettcher Michael , Reinshagen Konrad , Koenigs Ingo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Predicting burn-related mortality is vital for family counseling, triage, and resource allocation. Several of the burn-specific mortality prediction scores have been developed, including the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) in 1982. However, these scores are not tested for accuracy to support contemporary estimates of the global burden of burn injury. This study compares burn mortality across countries with varying economic levels, as indicated by the Human Development Index (HDI), to assess if a modified ABSI (mABSI) offers enhanced predictive accuracy.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed, including over 90,000 patients from seven sources in five continents, including two burn registries and five referral burn centers. Data from 2015 to 2019 were collected, including age, gender, presence of inhalation injury, full-thickness burn, percentage of total body surface area, and outcome. The participating countries were classified based on the HDI and mortality was predicted using both the original and the modified ABSI.

Results
After removal of incomplete data, 74,460 sets remained for the analysis. Significant variations in population demographics, sample sizes, total body surface area (TBSA), and age distributions across the studied regions were noted. The modified ABSI demonstrated a smaller deviation from the 95% CI of the true survival probability than the original ABSI in countries with a very high or high HDI, indicating improved accuracy here. In these countries, the original ABSI overestimates mortality. Conversely, in countries with a middle or low HDI, the original ABSI remains more accurate, reflecting the significantly greater burn related mortality in countries with a low HDI.

Conclusion
In burn patients, the probability of survival remains highly dependent on the level of development of a country. Our results support the use of the modified ABSI in countries with a (very) high HDI, yet in resource constraint settings, the original ABSI seems to provide more accurate predictions. These findings underscore the need for adaptive models that take into account socioeconomic variables, potentially guiding health policy adjustments and emphasizing the necessity of resource allocation and training in lower HDI countries. Such adaptations could enhance clinical outcomes and reduce disparities in burn care effectiveness globally.
A novel homozygous intronic variant in CDT1 that alters splicing causes Meier–Gorlin syndrome, and a review of published mutations and growth hormone treatments
Authors: Li Qing , Wu Yichi , Meng Fucheng , Li Zhuxi , Zhan Di , Luo Xiaoping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Meier–Gorlin syndrome (MGORS) is a rare autosomal inherited form of primordial dwarfism. Pathogenic variants in 13 genes involved in DNA replication initiation have been identified in this disease, but homozygous intronic variants have never been reported. Additionally, whether growth hormone (GH) treatment can increase the height of children with MGORS is unclear.

Methods
The medical history data of a young girl were collected and reviewed. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatic analysis were performed to identify any variants and predict their pathogenicity. Minigene constructs were generated and transfected into HEK-293T cells for in vitro splicing assays. The literature was reviewed to explore the mutational spectrum and efficacy of GH treatment for this disease.

Results
A girl with microtia, hypoplastic patellae, and severe growth retardation carried a novel homozygous intronic variant (NM_030928.4: exon 3: c.352–30 A > C) in CDT1. The variant was predicted to break a branch point and alter splicing, and the minigene assay confirmed abnormal splicing with exon 3 skipping. The patient was treated with GH for 5 years, with an increase in growth velocity from 4.0 cm/year to an average of 6.2 cm/year. A literature review revealed that the most common variant type and inheritance state were missense and compound heterozygous, respectively. Additionally, the vast majority of children with MGORS treated with GH had normal insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, and half of them responded positively to GH therapy.

Conclusions
We reported a novel pathogenic homozygous intronic variant (c.352–30 A > C) of CDT1 in a girl with MGORS, and this mutation extended the genetic spectrum of the disease. GH therapy may be beneficial for height outcomes in children with MGORS with normal IGF-1 levels.
Immunological pathogenesis and treatment progress of adenovirus pneumonia in children
Authors: Liang Yaowen , Wei Jie , Shen Jianjun , Liang Zihao , Ma Xiuchang , Du Yuchen , Qian Wenxian , Dong Hui , Huang Ping , Chen Apeng , Yi Changhua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHuman adenovirus is an infectious agent that causes respiratory infections in adults and children. It has been found that immunocompromised children are highly susceptible to this pathogen, as it can swiftly evolve into severe pneumonia with multiple sequelae. Due to the lack of immunity in children, the body’s response mechanisms to innate and acquired immunity are specialized. We first examined the infection classification and clinical characteristics associated with adenovirus in children. Subsequently, we explored the in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of adenovirus pneumonia in children, focusing on immunological and cellular biological aspects. Adenovirus infection in children can disrupt the balance of the innate immune response, inducing immune cells to secrete an abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This cascade results in a cytokine storm, which triggers an inflammatory response and causes lung tissue damage. As a result, the infection may progress to a severe state, potentially leading to multi-organ failure. Immunocompromised children exhibit impaired immune cell numbers and functions, which affects both the secretion of antibodies to humoral immunity and the immune response of cellular immunity to adenovirus. Lastly, we reviewed the progress in treating adenovirus pneumonia in children. There are many treatments for adenovirus pneumonia in children, which must be personalized based on a thorough assessment to optimize treatment outcomes. Recent advancements in pharmaceutical development have provided new treatment options for children. Immunomodulatory therapy can reduce inflammation in children, while adjuvant therapy can improve respiratory function; however, it can also lead to complications. Further, co-infections increased the complexity of diagnosis and treatment, necessitating dynamic adjustments to treatment regimens. This review could serve as the basis for identifying potential therapeutic approaches to alleviate the symptoms associated with adenovirus infections in children.
The effects of variable spatial aggregation on lymphatic filariasis transmission
Authors: Shaw Callum , McLure Angus , Glass Kathryn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a World Health Organization goal, with several countries at or near prevalence thresholds. Where LF cases remain after mass drug administration, they tend to be spatially clustered, with an overdispersed individual worm burden. Both individual and spatial heterogeneities can cause aggregation of infection; however, few studies have investigated the drivers of heterogeneity and implications for disease elimination.

Methods
We used a spatially explicit lymphatic filariasis model to investigate LF transmission in American Samoa at three spatial scales – a territory-level model, a village model with 64 groups and a subvillage model with 316 groups.

Results
To reproduce American Samoan survey data, models with less spatial structure required increased individual-level bite aggregation. Threshold behaviour was present in the territory model but less evident in the models with spatial structure. As such, mass drug administration was most effective in the territory model, while in the spatially structured models, successive rounds of mass drug administration only gradually increased the likelihood of elimination. With the addition of spatial structure, residual infections remained in limited groups, and infection resurgence was slowed.

Conclusions
Due to the impacts on potential intervention and surveillance strategies, it is critical that studies incorporate individual and spatial sources of heterogeneity to accurately model transmission and inform potential policy decisions.

Graphical Abstract
Antihypertensive strategies for the prevention of secondary stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang ChunQi , Feng Ling , Tu ShuangYan , Wei Dan , Wang Rui , Deng ZhiQiang , Luo YiPing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Stroke is an important contributor to disability and death globally. Hypertension is a main risk factor for recurrent stroke in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure at admission are independently associated with the risk of stroke recurrence. Therefore, lowering blood pressure is recommended by guidelines to prevent the recurrence of stroke.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases was conducted through January 12, 2024. The search identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antihypertensive drugs with control measures (placebo or no treatment) or standard blood pressure control (SBPC) with intensive blood pressure control (IBPC) for recurrent stroke prevention. Primary outcomes included overall and subtype stroke recurrence rates, fatal and non-fatal strokes, cardiovascular deaths, and myocardial infarctions (MIs). Secondary outcomes comprised non-fatal MIs and all-cause mortality. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random or fixed-effect models in Stata 15.0.

Results
The analysis included 19 RCTs encompassing 72,048 patients. Twelve studies (n = 53,971) evaluated antihypertensive drugs against placebo or no treatment, while seven studies (n = 18,077) compared SBPC with IBPC. Antihypertensive therapy demonstrated significant risk reductions compared to placebo or no treatment for recurrent stroke (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75–0.97), cardiovascular deaths (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.97), and MIs (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.96). IBPC showed superior outcomes compared to SBPC, with significant reductions in recurrent stroke (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.98), cardiovascular deaths (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91), and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.95).

Conclusion
In stroke patients, antihypertensive therapy demonstrates significant protective effects against stroke recurrence, cardiovascular deaths, and MIs compared to placebo or no treatment. Additionally, IBPC provides enhanced protection against stroke recurrence, cardiovascular deaths, and all-cause mortality compared to SBPC.
Impact of dietary lysophospholipids supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, and lipid metabolism in finishing bulls fed diets varying in fatty acid saturation
Authors: Zhang Meimei , Bai Haixin , Wang Ruixue , Zhao Yufan , Yang Wenzhu , Liu Jincheng , Zhang Yonggen , Jiao Peixin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary fatty acids (FA) saturation and lysophospholipids supplementation on growth, meat quality, oxidative stability, FA profiles, and lipid metabolism of finishing beef bulls. Thirty-two Angus bulls (initial body weight: 623 ± 22.6 kg; 21 ± 0.5 months of age) were used. The experiment was a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 2 diets with FA of different degree of unsaturation [high saturated FA diet (HSFA) vs. high unsaturated FA diet (HUFA)] combined with (0.075%, dry matter basis) and without lysophospholipids supplementation. The bulls were fed a high-concentrate diet (forage to concentrate, 15:85) for 104 d including a 14-d adaptation period and a 90-d data and sample collection period.

Results
No interactions were observed between dietary FA and lysophospholipids supplementation for growth and meat quality parameters. A greater dietary ratio of unsaturated FA (UFA) to saturated FA (SFA) from 1:2 to 1:1 led to lower DM intake and backfat thickness, but did not affect growth performance and other carcass traits. Compared with HSFA, bulls fed HUFA had greater shear force in Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, but had lower intramuscular fat (IMF) content and SOD content in LT muscle. Compared with HUFA, feeding the HSFA diet up-regulated expression of ACC, FAS, PPARγ, and SCD1, but down-regulated expression of CPT1B. Compared with feeding HSFA, the HUFA diet led to greater concentrations of c9-C18:1 and other monounsaturated FA in LT muscle. Feeding HUFA also led to lower plasma concentrations of cholesterol, but there were no interactions between FA and lysophospholipids detected. Feeding lysophospholipids improved growth and feed conversion ratio and altered meat quality by increasing muscle pH24h, redness values (24 h), IMF content, and concentrations of C18:3, C20:5 and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, lysophospholipids supplementation led to lower malondialdehyde content and up-regulated the expression of ACC, FAS, and LPL in LT muscle.

Conclusions
Results indicated that supplementing a high-concentrate diet with lysophospholipids to beef bulls can enhance growth rate, feed efficiency, meat quality, and beneficial FA. Increasing the dietary ratio of UFA to SFA reduced DM intake and backfat thickness without compromising growth, suggesting potential improvements in feed efficiency.
Suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as adjuvant to surgical treatment of epiretinal membrane
Authors: Morescalchi Francesco , Gandolfo Federico , Romano Vito , Baldi Andrea , Semeraro Francesco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
To analyse the effect of suprachoroidal injection (SChI) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on macular thickness (CRT), ectopic inner foveal layer thickness (EIFL-T) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in pseudophakic patients undergoing vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane (iERM) compared to intravitreal injection of TA (IVTA).

Methods
Prospective matched comparison of patients undergoing vitrectomy for Govetto stage 3 and 4 iERM. 25 eyes receiving IVTA (G-1) were compared to 23 eyes receiving SChI-TA (G-2) during vitrectomy. Primary outcome was change in BCVA, CRT, EIFL-T before surgery and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Secondary outcome was the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME).

Results
Six months after surgery, G2 had a greater mean reduction in CRT (−222 µm vs −131 µm) and EIFL-T (−200 µm vs −104 µm) than G1. BCVA improved more in G2 than in G1 (p = 0.02). Foveal depression reformed in 43% of cases in G-2 and 16% of cases in G-1. Incidence of postoperative CME was 16% in G-1 and 4.3% in G-2.

Conclusions
During vitrectomy for iERM, SChI-TA was more effective than IVTA in reducing CRT and EIFL-T and improving BCVA. SChI-TA was effective in preventing postoperative CME. SChI-TA treatment was safe and reproducible and did not affect postoperative IOP.
Trial registration NP6289—June 18th, 2024 (retrospectively registered).
Temporal and spatial pattern analysis of escaped prescribed fires in California from 1991 to 2020
Authors: Li Shu , Baijnath-Rodino Janine A. , York Robert A. , Quinn-Davidson Lenya N. , Banerjee Tirtha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Prescribed fires play a critical role in reducing the intensity and severity of future wildfires by systematically and widely consuming accumulated vegetation fuel. While the current probability of prescribed fire escape in the United States stands very low, their consequential impact, particularly the large wildfires they cause, raises substantial concerns. The most direct way of understanding this trade-off between wildfire risk reduction and prescribed fire escapes is to explore patterns in the historical prescribed fire records. This study investigates the spatiotemporal patterns of escaped prescribed fires in California from 1991 to 2020, offering insights for resource managers in developing effective forest management and fuel treatment strategies.

Results
The results reveal that the months close to the beginning and end of the wildfire season, namely May, June, September, and November, have the highest frequency of escaped fires. Under similar environmental conditions, areas with more records of prescribed fire implementation tend to experience fewer escapes. The findings revealed the vegetation types most susceptible to escaped prescribed fires. Areas with tree cover ranging from 20 to 60% exhibited the highest incidence of escapes compared to shrubs and grasslands. Among all the environmental conditions analyzed, wind speed stands out as the predominant factor that affects the risk of prescribed fire escaping.

Conclusions
These findings mark an initial step in identifying high-risk areas and periods for prescribed fire escapes. Understanding these patterns and the challenges of quantifying escape rates can inform more effective landscape management practices.
Inductive transfer-learning of high-fidelity aerodynamics from inviscid panel methods
Authors: Wong Benjamin Y. J. , Khoo Boo Cheong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBuilding accurate and generalizable machine-learning models requires large training datasets. In aerodynamics, quantities of interest are typically governed by complex, non-linear mechanisms in which neural networks are well-suited to address. However, the acquisition of large, high-fidelity datasets from either simulations or experiments can be expensive. In this work, a transfer-learning framework is explored to reduce the reliance on these expensive datasets by exploiting the cost-effectiveness of low-fidelity analyses in constructing extensive datasets, such as the inviscid panel method. By first developing robust base networks from inviscid distributions, target networks can “learn” by simply transferring relevant embedded features to facilitate the modelling of high-fidelity distributions, instead of solely relying on its access to high-fidelity samples. Assessment of the framework reveals performance gains over conventional training schemes in (1) fidelity enhancement from inviscid to high-fidelity pressure distributions; (2) generalizing prior knowledge to learn adjacent skin friction properties even without a low-fidelity equivalent; (3) extrapolation to yet-to-be seen operating conditions. Under conditions of limited high-fidelity samples, test MSE evaluations can be improved by magnitudes of up to 102, 101, and 102 for the three respective tasks. As such, these findings motivate further investigations to support data-scarce surrogate modelling in more empirical settings.