bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A blend of functional amino acids and grape polyphenols improves the pig capacity to cope with an inflammatory challenge caused by poor hygiene of housing conditions
Authors: Fraga Alícia Zem , Campos Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado , Hauschild Luciano , Chalvon-Demersay Tristan , Beaumont Martin , Le Floc’h Nathalie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Dietary supplementation with a blend of functional amino acids (AA) and grape extract polyphenols contributes to preserve intestinal health and growth performance of piglets during the post-weaning period. In the present experiment, we assessed if a supplementation with a mix of AA and grape extract polyphenols during the post-weaning period would persist to improve the pig capacity to cope with a subsequent challenge caused by poor hygiene of housing conditions. Eighty pigs weaned at 28 days of age were fed a standard diet supplemented (AAP) or not (CNT) with 0.2% of a blend of AA (glutamine, arginine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine) and grape extract polyphenols during the post-weaning period (from week 0 to 6). At week 6, pigs were transferred to a growing unit where 50% of pigs previously fed AAP and CNT diets were housed in good and the other 50% in poor hygiene conditions for 3 weeks (from week 7 to 9; challenge period). All pigs were fed a standard growing diet that was not supplemented with AAP. We measured pig growth performance, plasma indicators of inflammation, digestive integrity, and oxidative status, and scored fecal consistency. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05.

Results
One week post-weaning, pigs fed AAP had lower plasma concentrations of haptoglobin than CNT pigs (P = 0.03). Six weeks post-weaning, plasma concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) were lower (P = 0.03) whereas those of vitamin E and A were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in pigs fed AAP compared to CNT pigs. The prevalence of diarrhea was higher in CNT pigs compared to AAP pigs (P < 0.01). During the challenge period, only pigs previously fed CNT diet had lower growth rate in poor than good conditions (P ≤ 0.05). They had also greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and oxidative stress index (OSI) and lower plasma concentrations of vitamin E in poor than good hygiene conditions (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions
Pigs fed AAP diet during post-weaning had less diarrhea and plasma concentrations of a digestive integrity marker, as well as greater plasma concentrations of antioxidant indicators during the post-weaning period. The beneficial effects of AAP supplementation persisted after the post-weaning period as evidenced by the absence of effects of the hygiene challenge on growth and health indicators in pigs previously fed APP. This clearly indicated a greater ability of pigs fed AAP to cope with the poor hygiene conditions.
Evaluation of the immune response of dogs after a mass vaccination campaign against rabies in Tunisia
Authors: Handous Mariem , Turki Imed , Ghram Abdejelil , BenMaiz Samia , Bensalem Jihen , Basdouri Nourhene , Soltani Mohamed , Bassalah Farah , Kharmachi Habib 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Rabies (RABV) is an enzootic disease in Tunisia, with dogs being the primary reservoir. Vaccinating dogs is the key to eradicate rabies. Regional Veterinary Services conduct nationwide immunisation campaigns on an annual basis. Evaluation of the immune response is still important to make sure that the vaccination is effective in the conditions of the Tunisian field. In this paper, the FAVN technique was used to test rabies antibody dynamics in dogs from three distinct Tunisian areas observed for one year following a mass vaccination campaign.

Results
On day 30 after vaccination, 75% of all dogs vaccinated during the campaign were sero-positive (titres greater than or equal to 0.5 transformed IU/ml). On day 180, 48% of all dogs were sero-positive. Only 25.6% of primary-vaccinated dogs remained sero-positive on day 180 and 7% on day 365, whereas 91% of previously sero-positive dogs remained sero-positive on day 365.

Conclusions
Although a single rabies vaccine is successful at stimulating an immunological response, it is recommended that primary-vaccinated dogs have a second booster between one and three months after the initial vaccination to maintain seropositivity. To achieve the rabies eradication objective, all dogs should receive an annual booster to maintain effective immunological protection.
Molecular docking and experimental validation of the effect of ergothioneine on heat shock protein-70 following endurance exercise by Arabian stallions
Authors: Adah Adakole Sylvanus , Ayo Joseph Olusegun , Adah Deborah Arimie , Nwonuma Charles Obiora , Lawal Teslim Alabi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Exercise-induced oxidative stress is a challenge in equine sports. This study aims at determining the effects of ergothioneine on heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) following the stress of an endurance exercise of 30 km by Arabian stallions. Molecular docking was also done to investigate the interaction between the ligand ergothioneine and heat shock protein-70 using sulfogalactosylceramide and sulfogalactoglycerolipid as standards.
The study involved a total of 18 clinically healthy stallions, with an average age of 6.7 ± 2.4 years and an average weight of 411.54 ± 12.46 kg. Only clinically healthy stallions were selected as subjects. The stallions were divided into two groups of nine stallions each. Group I (ERGX) was administered ergothioneine at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg once daily orally for four weeks while group II (ERGN) was not administered ergothioneine. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were determined in the two groups before and post-exercise. The concentrations of malondialdehyde and HSP-70 were also determined.

Results
The results obtained showed that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and concentration of HSP-70 were higher (P < 0.05) in the ERGX group compared to the ERGN group. The concentration of malondialdehyde was however lower in the ERGX group. Following molecular docking, ergothioneine and the selected standards have common amino acids at the site of interaction with the target protein (HSP-70) suggesting that ergothioneine may have a modulatory effect on the synthesis of HSP-70.

Conclusion
The results obtained indicated that ergothioneine modulated the synthesis of HSP-70 and the biomarkers of oxidative stress. It was therefore concluded that ergothioneine may be beneficial to horses subjected to endurance exercise.
Genetic association and causal inference between lung function and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Zhang Qiaoyun , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jie , Jiang Mengyang , Zhang Yiqiang , Zheng Deqiang , Wu Lijuan , Wang Wei , Wang Baoguo , Wang Youxin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have indicated that lower lung function is related to a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, causal inferences may be affected by confounders, coheritability or reverse causality. We aimed to explore the causal association between lung function and VTE.

Methods
Summary data from public genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for lung function and VTE were obtained from published meta-analysis studies and the FinnGen consortium, respectively. Independent genetic variables significantly related to exposure were filtered as proxy instruments. We adopted linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to infer the genetic backgrounds and causal associations between different lung functions and VTE events.

Results
LDSC showed a genetic correlation between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (rg = − 0.189, P = 0.005). In univariate MR (UVMR), there was suggestive evidence for causal associations of genetically predicted force vital capacity (FVC) with DVT (odds ratio (OR) 0.774; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.641–0.934) via forwards analysis and genetically predicted pulmonary embolism (PE) with FVC (OR 0.989; 95% CI 0.979–0.999) via reverse analysis. Multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses of lung function-specific SNPs suggested no significant direct effects of lung function on VTE, and vice versa. Of note is the borderline causal effect of PE on FEV1 (OR 0.921; 95% CI 0.848–1.000).

Conclusions
Our findings identified a coheritability of FEV1 (significant) and FVC (suggestive) with DVT. There was no convincing causal relationship between lung function and the risk of VTE events. The borderline causal effect of PE on FEV1 and the significant genetic correlation of FEV1 with DVT may have clinical implications for improving the quality of existing prevention and intervention strategies.
Improved prognosis with integrated care management including early rhythm control and healthy lifestyle modification in patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lee So-Ryoung , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Choi Eue-Keun , Lee Seung-Woo , Han Kyung-Do , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) [AF-DM] have a high risk of cardiovascular and diabetes-related complications, but are less engaged in a comprehensive treatment approach. We evaluated the association of early rhythm control (ERC), lifestyle modification (LSM), and a combination of ERC and LSM with cardiovascular or diabetes-related complication risk in patients with AF-DM (type 2).

Methods
From the National Health Information Database, 47,940 patients diagnosed with AF-DM in 2009–2016 were included. We defined ERC as rhythm control therapy within two years of AF diagnosis and LSM as adherence to ≥ 2 of the healthy behaviors among non-current smoking, non-drinking, and regular exercise. We compared the primary (ischemic stroke) and secondary (macro- and microvascular complications, glycemic emergency, and all-cause death) outcomes in four groups: non-ERC and non-LSM (group 1), LSM only (group 2), ERC only (group 3), and both ERC and LSM (group 4).

Results
Of total, 10,617 (22%), 26,730 (55.8%), 2,903 (6.1%), and 7,690 (16.0%) were classified into groups 1 to 4, in sequence. The mean duration from AF diagnosis to ERC was 25.6 ± 75.5 days. During 4.0 (interquartile range: 2.5–6.2) years’ follow-up, groups 2 and 3 were associated with 23% and 33% lower risks of stroke than group 1, respectively. Group 4 was associated with the lowest risk of stroke: hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.67, p < 0.001. Regarding secondary outcomes, the lowest risks were also observed in group 4; macro- and microvascular complications, glycemic emergency, and all-cause death had HRs (95% CIs) of 0.63 (0.56–0.70), 0.88 (0.82–0.94), 0.72 (0.62–0.84), and 0.80 (0.73–0.87), respectively, all p < 0.001.

Conclusions
For AF-DM patients, ERC and LSM exert a synergistic effect in preventing cardiovascular and diabetes-related complications with the greatest lowered risk of stroke. A comprehensive treatment approach should be pursued in AF-DM patients.
Microbial cell factories based on filamentous bacteria, yeasts, and fungi
Authors: Ding Qiang , Ye Chao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Advanced DNA synthesis, biosensor assembly, and genetic circuit development in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have reinforced the application of filamentous bacteria, yeasts, and fungi as promising chassis cells for chemical production, but their industrial application remains a major challenge that needs to be solved.

Results
As important chassis strains, filamentous microorganisms can synthesize important enzymes, chemicals, and niche pharmaceutical products through microbial fermentation. With the aid of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, filamentous bacteria, yeasts, and fungi can be developed into efficient microbial cell factories through genome engineering, pathway engineering, tolerance engineering, and microbial engineering. Mutant screening and metabolic engineering can be used in filamentous bacteria, filamentous yeasts (Candida glabrata, Candida utilis), and filamentous fungi (Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp.) to greatly increase their capacity for chemical production. This review highlights the potential of using biotechnology to further develop filamentous bacteria, yeasts, and fungi as alternative chassis strains.

Conclusions
In this review, we recapitulate the recent progress in the application of filamentous bacteria, yeasts, and fungi as microbial cell factories. Furthermore, emphasis on metabolic engineering strategies involved in cellular tolerance, metabolic engineering, and screening are discussed. Finally, we offer an outlook on advanced techniques for the engineering of filamentous bacteria, yeasts, and fungi.
Feasibility of transesophageal phrenic nerve stimulation
Authors: Kaufmann Elisa M. , Krause Sven , Geisshuesler Lukas , Scheidegger Olivier , Haeberlin Andreas , Niederhauser Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Every year, more than 2.5 million critically ill patients in the ICU are dependent on mechanical ventilation. The positive pressure in the lungs generated by the ventilator keeps the diaphragm passive, which can lead to a loss of myofibers within a short time. To prevent ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD), phrenic nerve stimulation may be used.

Objective
The goal of this study is to show the feasibility of transesophageal phrenic nerve stimulation (TEPNS). We hypothesize that selective phrenic nerve stimulation can efficiently activate the diaphragm with reduced co-stimulations.

Methods
An in vitro study in saline solution combined with anatomical findings was performed to investigate relevant stimulation parameters such as inter-electrode spacing, range to target site, or omnidirectional vs. sectioned electrodes. Subsequently, dedicated esophageal electrodes were inserted into a pig and single stimulation pulses were delivered simultaneously with mechanical ventilation. Various stimulation sites and response parameters such as transdiaphragmatic pressure or airway flow were analyzed to establish an appropriate stimulation setting.

Results
Phrenic nerve stimulation with esophageal electrodes has been demonstrated. With a current amplitude of 40 mA, similar response figures of the diaphragm activation as compared to conventional stimulation with needle electrodes at 10mA were observed. Directed electrodes best aligned with the phrenic nerve resulted in up to 16.9 % higher amplitude at the target site in vitro and up to 6 cmH20 higher transdiaphragmatic pressure in vivo as compared to omnidirectional electrodes. The activation efficiency was more sensitive to the stimulation level inside the esophagus than to the inter-electrode spacing. Most effective and selective stimulation was achieved at the level of rib 1 using sectioned electrodes 40 mm apart.

Conclusion
Directed transesophageal phrenic nerve stimulation with single stimuli enabled diaphragm activation. In the future, this method might keep the diaphragm active during, and even support, artificial ventilation. Meanwhile, dedicated sectioned electrodes could be integrated into gastric feeding tubes.
Prevalence and change in social inequalities in physical activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden
Authors: Brattlöf Frida , Gustafsson Per E. , San Sebastián Miguel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Physical activity is crucial for our wellbeing. Since the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, physical activity behaviour has changed globally, and social inequalities that already exist in physical activity have increased. However, there is limited knowledge of how these inequalities have evolved in Sweden. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of physical activity, and the socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This study analysed data from the national ‘Health on Equal Terms’ survey which was conducted on participants between 16 and 84, through a repeated cross-sectional design in 2018 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic). The socioeconomic variables included gender, age, education, occupation, income, and place of birth. For both years, the prevalence of low physical activity, the absolute risk differences, the slope index of inequality, and the slope index difference for each of the variables were calculated.

Results
The level of physical activity increased for the total population studied. However, the social inequalities that existed in 2018 increased over time and across age, education, occupation, income, and place of birth, but not with regard to gender.

Conclusions
Even though the Swedish population increased their levels of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the social inequalities that already existed in physical activity increased. Interventions to increase the level of physical activity among the young, people with low socioeconomic status, and those born outside Sweden are needed to reduce these social inequalities, and to improve the Swedish population’s wellbeing.
Postoperative complications and short-term prognosis of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy vs. open pancreaticoduodenectomy for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Bin , Xu Zipeng , Gu Weifang , Zhou Junjing , Tang Neng , Zhang Shuo , Chen Chaobo , Zhang Zhongjun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Although laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) has been accepted worldwide for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), it is a very technical and challenging procedure. Also, it is unclear whether LPD is superior to open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). This study summarized the experience and efficacy of LPD for treating PDA in our medical center.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients with PDA admitted at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from October 2019 and January 2021. Patients received either LPD or OPD. Clinical outcomes (operation time, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative hemorrhage), postoperative complications, and short-term outcomes were compared. Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
Among the PDA patients, 101 patients underwent surgical treatment, 4 patients converted from LPD to OPD, and 7 of them received conservative treatment. Forty-six patients were cured of LPD, and 1 of them died shortly after the operation. Moreover, 44 patients received OPD, and there were 2 postoperative deaths. There were significant differences in the location of the operation time, duration of anesthesia, postoperative hemorrhage, abdominal infections, and postoperative pneumonia between the two groups (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that LPD was an independent factor negatively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia (relative risk (RR) = 0.072, 95%CI: 0.016–0.326, p = 0.001) and abdominal infection (RR = 0.182, 95%CI: 0.047–0.709, p = 0.014). Also, there were no differences in OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.46, 95%CI: 0.60–3.53, p = 0.40) and PFS (HR = 1.46, 95%CI: 0.64–3.32, p = 0.37) at 12 months between the two groups.

Conclusions
LPD could be efficacy and feasible for managing selected PDA patients. Also, LPD has a better effect in reducing postoperative pneumonia and abdominal infection compared to OPD.
The dual role of microRNA (miR)-20b in cancers: Friend or foe?
Authors: İlhan Ahmet , Golestani Shayan , Shafagh Seyyed Ghavam , Asadi Fatemeh , Daneshdoust Danyal , Al-Naqeeb Bashar Zuhair Talib , Nemati Mohammed Mahdi , Khalatbari Fateme , Yaseri Amirhossein Fakhre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs, as non-coding transcripts, modulate gene expression through RNA silencing under normal physiological conditions. Their aberrant expression has strongly associated with tumorigenesis and cancer development. MiR-20b is one of the crucial miRNAs that regulate essential biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and migration. Deregulated levels of miR-20b contribute to the early- and advanced stages of cancer. On the other hand, investigations emphasize the tumor suppressor ability of miR-20b. High-throughput strategies are developed to identify miR-20b potential targets, providing the proper insight into its molecular mechanism of action. Moreover, accumulated results suggest that miR-20b exerts its effects through diverse signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK axes. Restoration of the altered expression levels of miR-20b induces cell apoptosis and reduces invasion and migration. Further, miR-20b can be used as a biomarker in cancer. The current comprehensive review could lead to a better understanding of the miR-20b in either tumorigenesis or tumor regression that may open new avenues for cancer treatment.
Leveraging a cuproptosis-based signature to predict the prognosis and drug sensitivity of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Liu Da , Yang Fan , Zhang Tongtong , Mao Rui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy is a vital treatment for patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM), but effective predictors to guide clinical immunotherapy are lacking. Cuproptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death related to tumorigenesis. Exploring the relationship between the mode of cuproptosis and the effect of immunotherapy on CM could better guide clinical management. We clustered all patients with CM in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database based on cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs). Prognosis, immunotherapeutic effect, tumor microenvironment score, expression of CD274, CTLA4, and PDCD1, and abundance of CD8 + T infiltration in group A were higher than in group B. Using a combination of LASSO and COX regression analysis, we identified 10 molecules significant to prognosis from differentially expressed genes between the two groups and constructed a cuproptosis-related scoring system (CRSS). Compared with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, CRSS more accurately stratified CM patient risk and guided immunotherapy. CRSS successfully stratified risk and predicted the effect of immunotherapy in 869 patients with eight CM immunotherapy datasets and multiple other tumor immunotherapy cohorts. The nomogram model, which combined AJCC stage and CRSS, greatly improved the ability and accuracy of prognosis prediction. In general, our cuproptosis-related scoring system and nomogram model accurately stratified risk in CM patients and effectively predicted prognosis and the effect of immunotherapy in CM patients.