bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced intradermal delivery of Dragon's blood in biocompatible nanosuspensions hydrogel patch for skin photoprotective effect
Authors: Wang Shasha , Shi Yuxin , Ma Jiapeng , Ye Zhuofei , Yao Miaomiao , Shang Jing , Liu Jianping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDragon's Blood is a member of the Chinese medicinal herb, having anti‐oxygen and anti‐inflammatory activity for the photoprotective effect. However, the poor water solubility of raw Dragon's Blood powder has limited its intradermal delivery process. In this study, we evaluated nanosuspensions to enhance intradermal delivery of Dragon's Blood exerting a photoprotective effect. The prepared nanosuspension was added to a composite hydrogel patch matrix for better skin application. In the present research, we used biocompatible materials hyaluronic acid and amino acid surfactants as nanosuspension stabilizers and agar/gelatin/sodium polyacrylate as hydrogel patch matrix. The prepared Dragon's Blood nanosuspension had a particle size of 447.0 ± 48.6 nm. The micro‐structures morphology and viscoelasticity characteristics by SEM and rheological testing confirmed a sufficient crosslinked hydrogel network. The skin retention amount of Dragon's Blood nanosuspension was 1.48 times of raw Dragon's Blood powder water suspension, and the skin penetration amount of Dragon's Blood nanosuspension was only about 1/3 of Dragon's Blood DMSO solution. In the UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cell phototoxicity model, Dragon's Blood nanosuspension also significantly increased cell viability by about 1 time of the model group and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species about 1/2 times of model group. In vivo safety and efficiency evaluation experiment illustrated that DB‐NS hydrogel patch processes have favorable safety and photoprotective effect with no skin irritancy and phototoxicity. Furthermore, DB‐NS and DB‐NS hydrogel patches could protect skin from UVA and UVB irritating skin reactions. Overall, our study of the combined use of biocompatible and biodegradable materials as excipients of nanosuspension and hydrogel patch could be used as an effective additive of Intradermal delivery and skin photoprotection.
Platelet‐rich plasma protects human keratinocytes from UVB‐induced apoptosis by attenuating inflammatory responses and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Duan Guang‐Hua , Ren Zhao‐Qi , Du Bin , Shao Wen , Dong Hai‐Jiao , Du Ai‐Cui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the role of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in ultraviolet light B (UVB)‐induced photoaging has been confirmed in many studies, the specific mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the effect and mechanism of PRP on UVB‐induced human keratinocyte (HaCaT cells) apoptosis.MethodsHaCaT cells were collected to construct UVB‐induced photoaging models. Then, the cells were divided into Sham group, 5% PRP group, UVB group, and UVB + 5% PRP group. Next, MTT assay was used to detect the level of cell proliferation; flow cytometry to check the level of apoptosis; ELISA to determine the TNF‐α, IL‐18, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels in the supernatant; and Western blot to test Bax, Bcl‐2, cytochrome c (Cyt.c), GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 protein expression levels.ResultsBriefly, 5% PRP intervention could relieve the inhibition of UVB on HaCaT cell proliferation, inhibit the promotion of UVB to cell apoptosis, up‐regulate UVB‐induced Bcl‐2 protein expression, and decrease Bax and Cyt.c protein level. In addition, 5% PRP significantly down‐regulated the inflammatory factor levels of TNF‐α, IL‐18, IL‐6, and IL‐1βin UVB‐induced cells and reduced the inflammatory response. Moreover, 5% PRP also greatly reduced the protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, and ATF4 in UVB‐induced cells and alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.ConclusionPRP may protect HaCaT cells from UVB‐induced apoptosis by alleviating inflammatory response and ER stress.
Energy‐based devices in the treatment of acne scars in skin of color
Authors: Teymour Shereen , Kania Barbara , Lal Karan , Goldberg David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne scarring is disfiguring and psychologically taxing on patients. Many energy‐based modalities have emerged and been studied for the treatment of acne scarring; however, there is a paucity of these studies in skin phototypes IV–VI.ObjectiveTo review the medical literature and discuss the most significant studies regarding safety and efficacy of energy‐based devices (ablative lasers, non‐ablative lasers, and radiofrequency microneedling) in the treatment of ethnic skin (skin phototypes IV–VI).MethodsA literature search was conducted using the PubMed database and bibliographies of relevant articles.ResultsAblative and non‐ablative lasers have proven to be effective for treatment of acne scars in ethnic skin. The risk of developing adverse effects such as post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation is contingent upon several factors including skin phototype, laser device, fluence, and moreso density settings. Non‐ablative fractional lasers have been considered first line for the treatment of acne scars in skin of color due to their better safety profile; however, they are less efficacious and require more treatments compared to ablative lasers. Studies regarding efficacy and safety of radiofrequency microneedling for treatment of acne scarring in skin of color are limited, but are promising.ConclusionAblative lasers, non‐ablative lasers, and radiofrequency microneedling are all useful treatments for acne scarring in ethnic skin when appropriate settings are used. Further head‐to‐head studies are needed to evaluate their efficacy and safety in darker skin phototypes V–VI.
Modulation of TRPV1 function by Citrus reticulata (tangerine) fruit extract for the treatment of sensitive skin
Authors: Zhou Li‐dan , Lu Yi‐na , Liu Qing , Shi Xue‐mei , Tian Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin (SS) is a clinical syndrome defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations (such as stinging, burning, pain, pruritus, and tingling) in response to stimuli that normally should not provoke them. According to growing evidence, transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) has elevated expression in individuals with SS and is linked with the severity of SS symptoms. However, its pathogenesis is still unknown.ObjectiveHerein, Citrus reticulata (Tangerine) fruit extract (CR) was obtained and examined for its effect on SS with a focus on TRPV1 stimulation and expression.MethodsA recombinant hTRPV1 over‐expression cell line (HaCaT‐TRPV1‐OE cell) was constructed to screen substances and extracts from several plants. Intracellular calcium mobilization was monitored by Flexstation 3 and a fluorescence microscope using Fluo 8 AM fluorophore. Next, immunofluorescence was used to detect the TRPV1 expression under different stimulants treated for 24 h. To investigate the relief and increased tolerance of CR to lactic acid‐induced skin discomfort, clinical tests were carried out on the nasolabial folds or cheek areas.ResultsAccording to the obtained results, compared to HaCaT cells, HaCaT‐TRPV1‐OE cells showed a higher expression of TRPV1. Neuronal hyperresponsiveness in SS triggered by capsaicin (CAP), lactic acid, phenoxyethanol or nicotinamide may be through activation of TRPV1 and increased TRPV1 expression. CAP activates TRPV1 in HaCaT‐TRPV1‐OE cells, and more than 100 plants or chemicals were tested for their inhibitory effects before being screened for CR. CR (1%–4%) inhibited TRPV1 activation induced by CAP or phenoxyethanol or nicotinamide. Meanwhile, CR (0.25%) suppressed TRPV1 protein expression induced by phenoxyethanol or lactic acid. In vivo results showed that CR not only instantly relieved lactic acid‐induced skin discomfort under 5 min but also enhanced skin tolerance to lactic acid after 7 days of continuous use.ConclusionsTopical application of CR showed an instant and long‐lasting improvement in SS by modulating the activation and expression of TRPV1. Moreover, it has been suggested that CR might act as a TRPV1 inhibitor to reduce skin irritation or sensitivity.
Caregiver Experiences of Adolescent School Reentry After Adolescent Hospitalization Due to Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Recommendations to Improve Reentry Practices
Authors: Vanderburg Juliana L. , Tow Amanda C. , Marraccini Marisa E. , Pittleman Cari , Cruz Christina M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuicide rates among adolescents increased over the past few decades. Following psychiatric hospitalization, many adolescents return to school, a context that can influence recovery. Families can play an integral role in supporting adolescents through the hospitalization and school reentry process; however, little research has focused on family experiences during adolescent school reentry. Grounded in ecological systems theory, the aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of caregivers whose children were hospitalized for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and provide recommendations for the school reentry process.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with caregivers (n = 19) whose adolescents returned to school following hospitalization for suicide‐related crises. Researchers analyzed the transcribed interviews using applied thematic analysis.ResultsThemes emerged regarding academic difficulties during hospitalization; breakdowns in communication between schools, families, and hospitals; logistical challenges during the school reentry planning process; and challenges navigating peer relationships and academics following school reentry.Implications and ConclusionsFew reentry recommendations account for the specific challenges faced by families. Recommendations informed by caregiver experiences are needed to ensure that families can effectively support the recoveries of their children. This study presents caregiver‐informed recommendations to facilitate an improved reentry process for caregivers and adolescents.
Mechanisms behind elevational plant species richness patterns revealed by a trait‐based approach
Authors: Ratier Backes Amanda , Römermann Christine , Alexander Jake M. , Arévalo José Ramón , Keil Petr , Padrón‐Mederos Miguel Antonio , Trogisch Stefan , Haider Sylvia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsElevational patterns of plant species richness may be caused by multiple underlying mechanisms, and the same pattern can be predicted by different mechanisms. Using the steep elevational gradient of Tenerife as a model system, we aimed to test if the application of a trait‐based approach can help disentangle the role of potential mechanisms behind local elevational plant species richness patterns.LocationTenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.MethodsBased on vegetation relevés from natural vegetation and disturbed roadside habitat, along an elevational gradient of 2300 m, we observed a peak of plant species richness in the lowest third of the gradient. We considered three mechanisms potentially shaping this pattern: environmental filtering (temperature and precipitation), effects of area and disturbance. For these mechanisms, we hypothesized a distinct pattern of functional trait–elevation relationships. These were tested with in‐situ data of nine functional leaf traits, from which we calculated community‐weighted means (CWM) of traits and functional diversity (Rao's Q).ResultsWhile species richness was significantly positively correlated with temperature, area and disturbance, filtering through temperature was the only mechanism for which we could confirm most of our mechanism‐specific hypotheses about elevational trait changes: with increasing elevation, CWMs of most traits indicated shifts from acquisitive to conservative growth strategies, and functional diversity decreased. The shift of growth strategies also supported the disturbance effect, as we found overall more acquisitive communities at roadsides compared to natural habitats.ConclusionsOur results indicate that simple correlations between species richness and abiotic variables are not necessarily causal. Additional testing of mechanism‐specific hypotheses for elevational patterns of both CWMs and functional diversity can help distinguishing between correlational and mechanistic relationships between species richness and environmental variables. The trait‐based framework presented here can be fruitfully applied to better understand species richness patterns in other regions and across other types of environmental gradients.
How Output Outweighs Input and Interlocutors Matter for Study‐Abroad SLA: Computational Social Network Analysis of Learner Interactions
Authors: PARADOWSKI MICHAŁ B. , CIERPICH–KOZIEŁ AGNIESZKA , CHEN CHIH–CHUN , OCHAB JEREMI K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis data‐driven study framed in the interactionist approach investigates the influence of social graph topology and peer interaction dynamics among foreign exchange students enrolled in an intensive German language course on second language acquisition (SLA) outcomes. Applying the algorithms and metrics of computational social network analysis (SNA), we find that (a) the best predictor of target language (TL) performance is reciprocal interactions in the language being acquired, (b) the proportion of output in the TL is a stronger predictor than input (Principle of Proportional Output), (c) there is a negative relationship between performance and interactions with same‐first‐language speakers, (d) a significantly underperforming English native‐speaker dominated cluster is present, and (e) there are more intense interactions taking place between students of different proficiency levels. Unlike previous study abroad social network research concentrating on the microlevel of individual learners’ egocentric networks and presenting an emic view only, this study constitutes the first application of computational SNA to a complete learner network (sociogram). It provides new insights into the link between social relations and SLA with an etic perspective, showing how social network configuration and peer learner interaction are stronger predictors of TL performance than individual factors such as attitude or motivation, and offering a rigorous methodology for investigating the phenomenon.
Two recovered cases of large pontine hematoma
Authors: Unnithan Ajaya Kumar Ayyappan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe comatose patients with pontine hemorrhage of diameter greater than 2 cm have poor prognosis. A 59‐year‐old male was brought with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of E2M5V2. He was mechanically ventilated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a pontine hematoma, of size 3 cm. He improved. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score was five. A 57‐year‐old male was brought with GCS score E1M3V1. He was ventilated. MRI scan showed a pontine hematoma of size 2.8 cm. His GOS score was three at 6 months. This is a report of two survived cases of large pontine hematoma with poor prognostic factors. This is the first report of good recovery with large pontine hematoma to GOS 5.
Forkhead box A2‐mediated lncRNA SOX2OT up‐regulation alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by promoting SIRT1 expression in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Ye Gang , Hu Man‐li , Xiao Ling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRenal tubular injury is the main feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We intend to investigate the function and related mechanisms of lncRNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) in high glucose (HG)‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs).MethodsTo construct diabetes models, the human kidney‐2 (HK‐2) cells were treated with HG (30 mM), and mice were injected with streptozotocin. The levels of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by dihydroethidium staining and MitoSox staining. The cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Urinary ACR, and oxidative stress marker 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) were detected by relevant kits. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization staining, RNA‐pull down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP), dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were also executed.ResultsLevels of SOX2OT and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) were down‐regulated in HG‐cultured HK‐2 cells. Overexpressing SOX2OT reduced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels and cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, SOX2OT overexpression also reduced serum creatinine, BUN, urinary ACR, 8‐OHdG, renal tubular injury markers KIM1 and NGAL, ROS levels, and cell apoptosis in vivo. In addition, SOX2OT promoted SIRT1 expression by suppressing its ubiquitination. Besides, interference with SIRT1 reversed the inhibitory effect of SOX2OT overexpression on HG‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Forkhead box A2 (Foxa2) levels were up‐regulated in HG‐cultured HK‐2 cells. Foxa2 could bind to the SOX2OT promoter and suppress its expression. Furthermore, interfering with SOX2OT reversed the inhibitory effect of Foxa2 interference on HG‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.ConclusionFoxa2‐mediated SOX2OT up‐regulation reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis of RTECs by promoting SIRT1 expression, thus alleviating the progression of DN.
Intensive care nurse‐led point of care ultrasound in the assessment and management of the critically ill COVID‐19 patient: A single centre case series
Authors: Corcoran Eleanor , Hopkins Phil , Fisher Richard , Wong Adrian , Rose Louise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFocused ultrasound can be used to rapidly diagnose COVID‐19 disease, assess disease severity, and inform management of COVID‐19 and associated pathologies, reducing radiation exposure from other imaging modalities and minimizing spread of infection. Ultrasound examinations performed by trained nurses in the intensive care unit (ICU) enable more patients to receive these assessments. This case series evaluates the use of nurse‐led focused cardiac and lung ultrasound for clinical management of ICU patients with COVID‐19. We describe common pathophysiological findings and how findings were used to inform clinical decision‐making. An ultrasound trained ICU nurse performed Focused Ultrasound in Intensive Care (FUSIC) cardiac and lung scans enabling calculation of a lung severity score on adult ICU patients with a confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis in a single‐centre setting. Fifteen scans were performed on 15 patients. Thirteen (87%) patients had normal left ventricular function; 12 (80%) normal right ventricular function. All 15 (100%) scans identified abnormal lung findings including irregular thickened pleura, B‐lines, sub‐pleural consolidation and hepatization. Worse lung severity scores were correlated with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores (r = 0.70; p = .003). Of the 15 scans, 10 (67%) identified abnormal pathology contributing to a change in clinical management. This included targeted fluid removal (4, 27%), change in respiratory management (3, 20%) and need for formal echocardiographic assessment (3, 20%). Findings from five (33%) scans required no intervention. This case series demonstrates nurse‐led ultrasound could be a useful adjunct in the management of the COVID‐19 patient.
Un‐yielding: Evidence for the agriculture transformation we need
Authors: Chaplin‐Kramer Rebecca , Chappell M. Jahi , Bennett Elena M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere has been a seismic shift in the center of gravity of scientific writing and thinking about agriculture over the past decades, from a prevailing focus on maximizing yields toward a goal of balancing trade‐offs and ensuring the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Maximizing crop yields often results in a system where most benefits accrue to very few (in the form of profits), alongside irreparable environmental harm to agricultural ecosystems, landscapes, and people. Here, we present evidence that an un‐yielding, which we define as de‐emphasizing the importance of yields alone, is necessary to achieve the goal of a more Food secure, Agrobiodiverse, Regenerative, Equitable and just (FARE) agriculture. Focusing on yields places the emphasis on one particular outcome of agriculture, which is only an intermediate means to the true endpoint of human well‐being. Using yields as a placeholder for this outcome ignores the many other benefits of agriculture that people also care about, like health, livelihoods, and a sense of place. Shifting the emphasis to these multiple benefits rather than merely yields, and to their equitable delivery to all people, we find clear scientific evidence of win‐wins for people and nature through four strategies that foster FARE agriculture: reduced disturbance, systems reintegration, diversity, and justice (in the form of securing rights to land and other resources). Through a broad review of the current state of agriculture, desired futures, and the possible pathways to reach them, we argue that while trade‐offs between some ecosystem services in agriculture are unavoidable, the same need not be true of the end benefits we desire from them.
Histopathological findings of pericarditis in a patient with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Maruyama Kazuaki , Yasuda Kazushi , Ito Ryoichi , Imanaka‐Yoshida Kyoko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C), which is associated with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has been described as an inflammatory complication of exposure to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It carries a risk of serious and lethal complications, including cardiogenic shock. Here, we report the pathological findings of the pericardium in a 10‐year‐old child with MIS‐C, who developed pericarditis‐induced cardiac tamponade. In the patient's pericardium, the numbers of infiltrating CD68+ macrophages; CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells; and myeloperoxidase+ granulocytes were increased, although the number of CD20+ B cells was not. These findings provide a clue to understanding the pathophysiology of MIS‐C.
Police unions and use‐of‐force reforms in American cities
Authors: Nicholson‐Crotty Sean , Nicholson‐Crotty Jill , Lee Euipyo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFollowing the murder of George Floyd, there was widespread debate about the policies that govern the use of force by police, but municipal leaders suggested that police unions kept many of the proposed changes from being adopted. Although there is anecdotal and scholarly evidence that unions frequently oppose policing reform, the limited literature in this area actually offers somewhat mixed conclusions about the relationship between union strength and the success of previous reform efforts. In this study, we draw on Halpin's theory of interest groups as politically adaptive organizations to develop expectations about the behavior of police unions in police governance subsystems. We hypothesize that union attempts to influence policy will correlatepositivelywith reform adoption when the political environment is conducive to victory on that front or makes the cost of opposition too high andnegativelywhen the opposite conditions hold. Analyses of the impact of union campaign contributions on the adoption of use‐of‐force policies in the 100 largest U.S. cities demonstrate that the nature and direction of union influence are moderated by the political climate of the jurisdiction in which they operate.