bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Principles Study of Photocatalytic Water Splitting by M1M2CO2 (M1=Zr,Hf; M2=Hf, Ti, Sc) MXenes
Authors: Rastegar Sima , Ebrahimzadeh Alireza Rastkar , Sardroodi Jaber Jahanbin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT), we investigated the structural, electronic, and optical properties of functionalized and doped MXenes such as M1M2CO2 (M1=Zr, Hf; M2=Hf, Ti, Sc). This study aimed to find a suitable photocatalyst that would work well in the water-splitting process. Among the calculated nanostructures, MXenes ZrHfCO2 and ZrTiCO2 were chosen as suitable photocatalysts for the water-splitting process. The calculated value of the band gaps with the GGA-PBE functional was 1.08(0.79) eV for the ZrHfCO2 (ZrTiCO2) monolayer. Also, the band gaps for these monolayers with the HSE06 hybrid functional were 1.86 and 1.57 eV, respectively. These MXenes' optical properties, such as complex dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and reflectivity, were also investigated. The results showed that these monolayers had good absorption in the visible region. Additionally, we discovered that ZrHfCO2 and ZrTiCO2 MXenes could be used for the water-splitting process by calculating the photocatalytic properties. Meanwhile, the results indicate that the monolayers of ZrHfCO2 and ZrTiCO2 are ideal and promising materials for application in visible-light-driven photocatalysis.
Conversion therapy of a giant HCC with portal vein thrombus and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus
Authors: Song wenjie , Xu jian , Nie ye , Li weimin , Li jianping , Yang li , Wei mengqi , Tao kaishan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background The prognosis of HCC combined with portal and hepatic vein tumor thrombus is poor, with a median survival time of only about 2.7-3 months [1], and treatment requires the cooperation of the MDT team. Prof. Cheng's team gives treatment recommendations based on the classification of portal vein thrombosis and hepatic vein thrombosis. For portal vein tumor thrombus involving the main trunk of the portal vein (PVTT III) and hepatic vein tumor thrombus involving the inferior vena cava, a combination of radiotherapy, TACE, and surgical resection is recommended according to the patient's liver function [2, 3]. The combination of targeted therapy and immune therapy has progressed to become the first-line recommended treatment for advanced HCC [4]. Conversion therapy or conversion surgery (CS) is a surgical strategy developed to improve long-term survival in patients with initially unresectable tumors, aiming at R0 resection after stage reduction by non-surgical treatment [5].CS has also been reported in HCC, radical resection of partially unresectable HCC (UR-HCC) has been achieved through transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), portal vein embolization, and oral administration of molecular targeted drugs [6.7]. In recent years, the efficacy of atilizumab combined with bevacizumab (Atez + Bev) in the treatment of UR-HCC has been confirmed [8–10]. The above therapeutic advances have brought hope for advanced HCC, but the efficacy is still limited. In our center, a patient with giant HCC combined with portal vein tumor thrombus and hepatic vein tumor thrombus was treated with TACE, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and was continuously given Epimedium soft capsules for oral regulation. After 7 months of conversion therapy, the patient's tumor shrank and the tumor thrombus subsided significantly. The pathology of surgical resection was in complete remission, and there was no progression in the postoperative follow-up for 7 months, which provided a basis for the future strategy of combined conversion therapy.CONCLUSION In this case, atezolizumab, bevacizumab, icaritin soft capsules combined with radiotherapy and TACE had a good effect. For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with hepatic vein/inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, adopting a high-intensity, multimodal proactive strategy under the guidance of MDT is an important attempt to break through the current treatment dilemma.
Reactivity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, but not the amygdala, to negative emotion faces predicts greed personality trait
Authors: Deng Kun , Jin Weipeng , Jiang Keying , Li Zixi , Im Hohjin , Chen Shuning , Du Hanxiao , Guan Shunping , Ge Wei , Wei Chuqiao , Zhang Bin , Wang Pinchun , Zhao Guang , Chen Chunhui , Liu Liqing , Wang Qiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study investigated whether amygdala reactivity predicted the greed personality trait [GPT] using a classical face-matching task in two cohorts of participants (n = 452). Region-of-interest [ROI] analysis results indicated no correlation between amygdala reactivity to fearful and angry faces to GPT. However, whole-brain analyses revealed that GPT was negatively varied with activations in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC], supramarginal gyrus [SMG], and angular gyrus in the contrast of fearful + angry faces > shape. These findings were robust even when contrasting fearful and angry faces to neutral ones. Moreover, task-based PPI analyses showed that compared to the group with low scores in GPT, the high group exhibited weaker functional connectivity of the vmPFC seed with top-down control network and visual pathways when processing fearful or angry faces. Furthermore, functional connectivity [FC] analyses indicated that individuals with higher levels of greed exhibit weaker connectivity between the vmPFC and the top-down control network and visual pathways. Bilateral amygdala seeds showed positive associations with the top-down control network but exhibited a distinct pattern with decreased resting-state FC with visual pathway. These findings shed light on the neural underpinnings of dispositional greed, emphasizing the importance of the vmPFC and its functional connectivity with cognitive control networks and visual pathways rather than amygdala reactivity in understanding the greed personality trait.
Are academic self-efficacy and fear of negative evaluation related to nursing students' clinical competence?
Authors: Keshtkaran Zahra , Shirazi Fatemeh , Darvishpour Somaye 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Acquiring the clinical competence of nursing students is the ultimate goal and the criterion of the effectiveness of education, which includes the ability to use knowledge and information, communication and interpersonal skills, problem-solving skills, and technical skills. The researchers believe that to maintain nursing care standards, it is necessary to know the factors related to the improvement of their clinical competence, so the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between academic self-efficacy and fear of negative evaluation and the clinical competence of nursing students.
Methods This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted on 346 nursing students from the second to eighth semesters in 1402 through available sampling. The data were collected using questionnaires on demographic characteristics, clinical competence of nursing students, academic self-efficacy, and fear of negative evaluation. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics and a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS version 22 software.
Results The results of this study showed that the highest level of clinical competence of students was in the emotional dimension with a mean of 21.47±4.04, and that there was a positive and significant relationship between academic self-efficacy and clinical competence in all three cognitive dimensions (r=0.292, p<0.001), emotional (r=0.320, p<0.001) and psycho-motor (r=0.329, p<0.001). There was also a negative and significant relationship between fear of negative evaluation and all three dimensions of cognitive clinical competency (r=_0.117, p=0.001), emotional (r=_0.162, p=0.003), and psychomotor (r=_0.144, p=0.007).
Conclusion The results showed that the clinical competence of nursing students in all three dimensions was at an average level and had a significant relationship with fear of negative evaluation and academic self-efficacy, so nursing students with higher academic self-efficacy and less fear of negative evaluation, and competence. They had better clinical results, so it is recommended to identify and use effective programs to improve these factors in relevant educational programs.
Identification of Macrophage-related Gene Signature Associated with Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaques through Integrative Multi- omics Analysis
Authors: Lv Zhengtian , Zhao Bowen , Hu Luoxia , Pan Jiahuan , Li Xinyi , Li Mingshuang , Wu Chenxia , Mao Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Macrophages play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to identify critical candidate genes associated with unstable atherosclerotic plaques in macrophages
Methods: The single-cell sequencing dataset GSE159677 and microarray datasets GSE43292 and GSE100927 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The intersection of differential analysis results from single-cell transcriptome sequencing data, microarray data, immune infiltration analysis, and WGCNA analysis results yielded macrophage-related genes. Least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO) was utilized for screening characteristic genes among atherosclerotic plaque progression- and macrophage-related genes. ROC curves were produced to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Finally, pseudo-time analysis was used to obtain the expression patterns of key genes along the cell differentiation trajectory.
Results: Based on multiple omics analyses, we obtained 59 genes related to macrophages. Then, by using the LASSO algorithm to select features, we ultimately obtained five key genes. Using these five genes, we constructed a nomogram diagnostic model that demonstrated high diagnostic performance in both the training (AUC=0.882) and testing (AUC=0.985) datasets. Pseudo-time analysis shows that STAB1 is exclusively expressed in resident macrophages, while IL1RN expression gradually increases over time. DAB2 is highly expressed in both resident and foamy macrophages. NLRP3 expression is found in some cells of resident and inflammatory macrophages, but not at all in foam cells. HMOX1 expression varies little across different cell types.
Conclusion: Our study has identified a gene signature consisting of STAB1, NLRP3, IL1RN, HMOX1, and DAB2 through integrative multi-omics analysis, which may play a crucial role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Metagenomic analysis of the virome of pooled plasma from healthy blood donors
Authors: Shan Zhengang , Huang Jieting , Wang Min , Xu Ru , Liao Qiao , Zhong Huishan , Liu Bochao , Yang Hualong , Fu Yongshui , Rong Xia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Qualified blood from healthy donors may still contain infectious pathogens that could become important threats to human life. The objective of this study was to screen for blood-borne viruses and analyze the virome profiles in plasma via metagenomic sequencing. A total of 1,200 plasma samples were collected and mixed into 12 pools based on sampling time, then DNA and cDNA libraries were constructed for sequencing which was carried out by Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system. After data cleaning and filtering using bioinformatic tools, 2336 viral reads via DNA sequencing and 61985 viral reads via cDNA sequencing were obtained. Seven DNA viruses belonging to three families and one RNA virus were identified from these reads. Most of the viruses found in pooled plasma were considered non- pathogenic, especially anellovirus found in all 12 pools and human pegivirus detected in 7 of the 12 pools. Three pathogenic viruses were found by DNA sequencing, including human herpes virus 6A, human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. All of them belong to the family Herpesviridae and their reads accounted for 7.9% (184/2336). Currently, data on anellovirus and human pegivirus in China are scarce. The herpes virus, which has a high sero-prevalence, is not a mandatory marker for blood screening. This study preliminary elucidated the virome spectra in blood from qualified donors in Guangzhou and contributed to information regarding blood transfusion safety in China.
Investigating the effect of silicon on the morpho-physiological and molecular structures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yannong 19) under cadmium stress
Authors: Boorboori Mohammad Reza , Zhang Haiyang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is a rapid increase in the contamination of agricultural soils with cadmium worldwide, especially in China, so it is necessary to find solutions to reduce the toxicity of it. To investigate the effect of silicon on cadmium toxicity in Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yannong 19, an experiment was conducted with four treatments (control, silicon, cadmium, silicon × cadmium). This experiment examined the following factors in wheat: root-and-shoot cadmium concentration, TF, root-and-shoot Silicon concentration, SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GSH, ASA, MDA, total protein content, total soluble sugars, root-and-shoot dry weight, Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, the content of N, P, and K. The present study showed that cadmium treatment severely affected wheat seedling morphological and physiological factors, but silicon treatment greatly reduced these adverse effects. Furthermore, silicon alone had significant positive effects on wheat's biochemical and morphological structures. The results of this study also revealed that silicon treatment increased TaPIP1 and TaLsi1 gene expression, whilst cadmium treatment caused the upregulation of TaNramp5, TaLCT1, TaTM20, TaHMA2, and TaHMA3 genes. In conclusion, the present study found that, although cadmium negatively affects the various structures of Yannong 19, nevertheless, Sodium Metasilicate Nonahydrate (a source of silicon) can be a viable method of reducing cadmium absorption, transfer, and toxicity in this wheat variety.
Effects of TmTak1 silencing on AMP production as an Imd pathway component in Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Hwang Su Hyeon , JANG Ho Am , Kojour Maryam Ali Mohammadie , Yun Keunho , LEE Yong Seok , HAN Yeon Soo , JO Yong Hun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Mealworms beetles, Tenebrio molitor, are the limelight next-generation food for humans due to their high nutrient contents. Since Tenebrio molitor is used as feed for pets and livestock in addition to their ability to decompose polystyrene and plastic waste, it is recognized as an insect with an industrial core value. Therefore, it is important to study the immune mechanism related to the development and infection of mealworms for mass breeding purposes. The Imd (immune deficiency) signaling is one of the main pathways with pivotal roles in the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activated kinase (Tak1) is one of the Imd pathway components, forms a complex with Tak1 binding protein 2 (Table 2) to ultimately help activate the transcription factor Relish and eventually induce host to produce AMPs. Relatively, little has been revealed about Tak1 in insect models, especially in the T. molitor. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the function of TmTak1 in T. molitor. Our results showed that the highest and lowest mRNA expression of TmTak1 were found in Egg and young larvae respectively. The tissue-specific expression patterns were reported in the gut of T. molitor larvae and the fay bodies of adults. Systemic microbial challenge illustrated TmTak1 high expression following the fungal infection in all dissected tissues except for the whole body. However, silencing TmTak1 experiments showed that the survivability of T. molitor larvae affected significantly following Escherichia coli infection. Accordingly, AMP induction after TmTak1 knock down was mainly reported in the integument and the fat bodies.
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: an effective tool for quick screening of salinity tolerance in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Shah Kausar Hussain , Noreen Sibgha , Akhtar Muhammad Salim , Akrem Ahmed , Athar Habib-ur-Rehman , Mahmood Seema 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF) is an effective tool to measure the photosynthetic efficiency, functional capacity and structural stability of photosystem-II and the overall health status of plants in normal or stress environment. The present study was designed to investigate the response of PSII through CF in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) grown under saline stress (200 mM NaCl). In first round, eighteen varieties were screened for salinity tolerance at vegetative stage. The relative rate of reduction in biomass, pigments, Na+ and K+ indicated YBS-93, YBS-94 and YDR-8-1 varieties as tolerant and the YBS-98, YCMP-19 and YCMP-34 varieties as salt sensitive varieties. While the chlorophyll-a fluorescence transient analysis, raw OJIP induction curves, Fo and Fm normalised curves exhibited that substantial variation in CF occurred at the O, J, I and P steps in salt sensitive varieties. The comprehensive investigation of JIP test attributes proposed that salinity stress triggered photoinhibition of PSII via disturbance in absorption of light from reaction centres (ABS), low electron transport and photochemical fluxes (ETo, ψ0 & ɸEo) and increased dissipation fluxes (DIo & ɸDo). However, increased dissipation energy (DIO/RC) under salinity stress acts as a preventative control to protect PSII from photooxidative damage in the thylakoid membrane. While photoinhibition of PSII resulted in decrease in quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and performance index (Pi) under salinity stress. These findings provided important understanding of the salinity tolerance in pearl millet and have opened avenues to further explore the molecular signalling pathways involved in salinity tolerance.
Hippocampus shapes cortical sensory output and novelty coding through a direct feedback circuit
Authors: Butola Tanvi , Frausto Melissa Hernandez , Blankvoort Stefan , Flatset M. S. , Peng Lulu , Elmaleh Margot , Hairston Ariel , Hussain Fabliha , Clopath Claudia , Kentros Clifford , Basu Jayeeta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

To extract behaviorally relevant information from our surroundings, our brains constantly integrate and compare incoming sensory information with those stored as memories. Cortico-hippocampal interactions could mediate such interplay between sensory processing and memory recall1–4 but this remains to be demonstrated. Recent work parsing entorhinal cortex-to-hippocampus circuitry show its role in episodic memory formation5–7 and spatial navigation8. However, the organization and function of the hippocampus-to-cortex back-projection circuit remains uncharted. We combined circuit mapping, physiology and behavior with optogenetic manipulations, and computational modeling to reveal how hippocampal feedback modulates cortical sensory activity and behavioral output. Here we show a new direct hippocampal projection to entorhinal cortex layer 2/3, the very layer that projects multisensory input to the hippocampus. Our finding challenges the canonical cortico-hippocampal circuit model where hippocampal feedback only reaches entorhinal cortex layer 2/3 indirectly via layer 5. This direct hippocampal input integrates with cortical sensory inputs in layer 2/3 neurons to drive their plasticity and spike output, and provides an important novelty signal during behavior for coding objects and their locations. Through the sensory-memory feedback loop, hippocampus can update real-time cortical sensory processing, efficiently and iteratively, thereby imparting the salient context for adaptive learned behaviors with new experiences.
Enhancing high-vocabulary image annotation with a novel attention-based pooling
Authors: Salar Ali , Ahmadi Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Given an image, we aim to assign a set of semantic labels to its visual content automatically. This is generally known as automatic image annotation (AIA). Images contain objects that can vary in size and position, with some only taking up a small region of the entire picture. The rise in the number of object classes also heightens this variety. Despite the achievement of promising results, the majority of current methods have limited efficacy in the detection of small-scale objects. To make more effective use of spatial data compared to the global pooling method, we propose a modified transformer decoder layer that improves computational complexity without sacrificing model performance. The study has conducted multiple experiments on four datasets, including three high-vocabulary small-scale datasets (Corel 5k, IAPR TC-12, and Esp Game) and one large-scale dataset (Visual Genome) with a vocabulary list of 500 words. In comparison to existing state-of-the-art models, our approach achieves comparable results in F1-score, \({\text{N}}^{+}\), and mean average precision (mAP) on small- and large-scale datasets.
Lets walk! The fallacy of first- and last-mile public transport
Authors: Rich Jeppe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years there has been an upsurge in smart mobility solutions that provide door-to-door services. Although these services offer convenience to certain individuals, it's frequently overlooked that they can lead to substantial welfare losses when accounting for the reduced health benefits that stemming from reduced physical activity. In this paper we derive the consumer surplus function of first- and last-mile public transport services and identify the boundaries under which these services fails to be socially beneficial. This is then used to study the Pareto frontier between welfare effects resulting from improved health and welfare effects from improved accessibility. The results are based on a simulation study and a recent agent-based model from Copenhagen focusing on first- and last-mile public transport. The overarching conclusion offered in the paper, is that first-mile services are largely irrelevant when trip distances are below 1 km. In this case, the probability of failure is almost 100% for any realistic parametrisation. The practical implication of this finding is that planners and researchers should direct their attention to the design of main transit networks and the access and egress of active modes to- and from the stations. In contrast, they should focus less on first- and last-mile solutions below a certain granularity. In particular, door-to-door services should not be the priority of public funding unless in very specific situations.