bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipase‐Mediated Conversion of Protecting Group Silyl Ethers: An Unspecific Side Reaction
Authors: Pick Lisa M. , Wenzlaff Jessica , Yousefi Mohammad , Davari Mehdi D. , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSilyl ether protecting groups are important tools in organic synthesis, ensuring selective reactions of hydroxyl functional groups. Enantiospecific formation or cleavage could simultaneously enable the resolution of racemic mixtures and thus significantly increase the efficiency of complex synthetic pathways. Based on reports that lipases, which today are already particularly important tools in chemical synthesis, can catalyze the enantiospecific turnover of trimethylsilanol (TMS)‐protected alcohols, the goal of this study was to determine the conditions under which such a catalysis occurs. Through detailed experimental and mechanistic investigation, we demonstrated that although lipases mediate the turnover of TMS‐protected alcohols, this occurs independently of the known catalytic triad, as this is unable to stabilize a tetrahedral intermediate. The reaction is essentially non‐specific and therefore most likely completely independent of the active site. This rules out lipases as catalysts for the resolution of racemic mixtures of alcohols through protection or deprotection with silyl groups.
Anatomical predictors for suture‐based closure of the patent foramen ovale: A multicenter experience
Authors: Witte Lars S. , Renkens Mick P. L. , Gąsecka Aleksandra , el Bouziani Abdelhak , de Winter Robbert J. , Tijssen Jan G. P. , Stella Pieter R. , Leibundgut Gregor , Voskuil Michiel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNobleStitch EL is a novel suture‐based technique used for patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure and an alternative to traditional double‐disc devices without the need for antithrombotic therapy. However, successful closure rates are still unknown, and certain anatomies may be unfavorable for successful closure.AimsWe assessed the efficacy of the NobleStitch EL and sought to identify patient‐related anatomical features associated with successful suture‐based closure.MethodsWe included 55 patients who underwent PFO closure with the NobleStitch EL in The Netherlands and Switzerland. Successful closure was defined as residual right‐to‐left shunt grade ≤1 with Valsalva maneuver at a cardiac ultrasound. Predefined possible anatomical determinants for effective closure included PFO length, atrial septal aneurysm, PFO entry‐ and exit diameter.ResultsSuccessful closure was achieved in 33 patients (60%). The PFO length was shorter in patients with successful closure compared to unsuccessful closure with a median length of 9.6 mm (IQR 8.0–15.0) versus 13.3 mm (IQR 11.4–18.6) on preprocedural ultrasound (p = 0.041) and 9.9 mm (IQR 8.0–13.1) versus 12.5 mm (IQR 9.7–15.4) on angiography (p = 0.049). Additionally, the PFO exit diameter and PFO volume were smaller in patients with successful closure than unsuccessful closure, with a mean diameter of 7.0 ± 3.1 mm versus 9.5 ± 3.8 mm (p = 0.015) and a median volume of 381 mm3 (IQR 286–894) versus 985 mm3 (IQR 572–1550) (p = 0.016).ConclusionIn our study cohort, the successful PFO closure rate using NobleStitch EL was relatively low (60%). With this alternative procedure, patients with a small PFO driven by a short PFO tunnel length and small exit diameter seem to be eligible for successful suture‐based closure.
Hydrophobicity Boosts Catalytic Activity: The Tailoring of Aluminosilicates with Trimethylsilyl Groups**
Authors: Leonova Lucie , Moravec Zdenek , Sazama Petr , Pastvova Jana , Kobera Libor , Brus Jiri , Styskalik Ales 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroducing organic groups into metal silicate catalysts and thus supposedly changing the surface hydrophobicity has been shown to enhance the catalyst performance in various reactions. However, the organic groups introduction does not unambiguously guarantee hydrophobicity control. Therefore, a thorough characterization is necessary to provide a complete view of the interaction between the catalyst surface, reactants, and products. Herein, an aluminosilicate catalyst with well‐dispersed Al atoms was prepared via the non‐hydrolytic sol‐gel method. This material was post‐synthetically modified with trimethylsilyl groups; their number on the catalyst surface was controlled via a temperature‐vacuum pretreatment. In such a way, aluminosilicate materials with similar porosity, structure, and acid site strength and quality were obtained. Notably, the water sorption measurements showed that trimethylsilylated aluminosilicates adsorb 2.5–3 times less water than the parent material (p/p0=0.3). The turn‐over‐frequency in epoxide ring opening and ethanol dehydration scaled up with the number of trimethylsilyl groups grafted on the catalyst surface. Particularly, the heavily trimethylsilylated sample achieved three to five times higher turnover‐frequency in styrene oxide aminolysis than the parent aluminosilicate material. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it exhibited the most active Al sites for epoxide aminolysis in the present literature.
CO2 Hydrate Formation Kinetics in the Presence of a Layered Double Hydroxide Nanofluid
Authors: Ansari Ayaj Ahamad , Ravesh Randeep , Chakraborty Samarshi , Panigrahi Pradipta Kumar , Das Malay Kumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe effects of a hybrid nanofluid (Cu‐Al layered double hydroxide (LDH)) on the CO2 hydrate formation kinetics was investigated at three different nanofluid concentrations (0.25–1.0 wt %). The Cu‐Al LDH nanofluid was prepared using a one‐step co‐precipitation technique. The addition of the LDH nanofluid reduces the induction time and enhances the hydrate formation kinetics. The maximum reduction in the induction time (by 91.08 %) was observed at the optimal nanofluid concentration of 0.5 wt %, compared to water. A chemical affinity model was implemented to predict the experimental data for CO2 hydrate formation in the presence of the different LDH nanofluid concentrations. An artificial neural network‐based Levenberg‐Marquardt model predicts the experimental data with higher accuracy than the scaled conjugate gradient model. The results indicate a strong dependency of the hydrate formation kinetics on the LDH nanofluid concentrations.
Model reduction of fractional impedance spectra for time–frequency analysis of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors
Authors: Li Weiheng , Huang Qiu‐An , Bai Yuxuan , Wang Jia , Wang Linlin , Liu Yuyu , Zhao Yufeng , Li Xifei , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJoint time–frequency analysis is an emerging method for interpreting the underlying physics in fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. To increase the reliability of time–frequency analysis, a theoretical correlation between frequency‐domain stationary analysis and time‐domain transient analysis is urgently required. The present work formularizes a thorough model reduction of fractional impedance spectra for electrochemical energy devices involving not only the model reduction from fractional‐order models to integer‐order models and from high‐ to low‐order RC circuits but also insight into the evolution of the characteristic time constants during the whole reduction process. The following work has been carried out: (i) the model‐reduction theory is addressed for typical Warburg elements and RC circuits based on the continued fraction expansion theory and the response error minimization technique, respectively; (ii) the order effect on the model reduction of typical Warburg elements is quantitatively evaluated by time–frequency analysis; (iii) the results of time–frequency analysis are confirmed to be useful to determine the reduction order in terms of the kinetic information needed to be captured; and (iv) the results of time–frequency analysis are validated for the model reduction of fractional impedance spectra for lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and solid oxide fuel cells. In turn, the numerical validation has demonstrated the powerful function of the joint time–frequency analysis. The thorough model reduction of fractional impedance spectra addressed in the present work not only clarifies the relationship between time‐domain transient analysis and frequency‐domain stationary analysis but also enhances the reliability of the joint time–frequency analysis for electrochemical energy devices.
Metal‐Organic Framework Sub‐Nanochannels Formed inside Solid‐State Nanopore with Proton Ultra‐High Selectivity
Authors: Qiu Xia , Cao Mengya , Li Yongxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal‐Organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of high porosity, angstrom‐scale pore size, and unique structure. In this work, a kind of MOFs, UiO‐66 and its derivatives (including aminated UiO‐66‐(NH2)2 and sulfonated UiO‐66‐(NH‐SAG)2), were constructed on the inner surface of solid‐state nanopores for ultra‐selective proton transport. UiO‐66 and UiO‐66‐(NH2)2 nanocrystal particles were in‐situ grown at the orifice of glass nanopores firstly, which were used to investigate the ionic current responses in LiCl and HCl solutions when the monovalent anions (Cl−) were unchanged. Compared with UiO‐66‐modifed nanopores, the aminated MOFs modification (UiO‐66‐(NH2)2) can improve the proton selectivity obviously. However, when the UiO‐66‐(NH‐SAG)2 nanopore is prepared by further post‐modification with sulfo‐acetic acid, lithium ions can hardly pass through the channel, and the interaction between protons and sulfonic acid groups can promote the transport of protons, thus achieving ultra‐high selectivity to protons. This work provides a new way to achieve sub‐nanochannels with high selectivity, which can widely be used in ion separation, sensing and energy conversion.
Patient‐centered outcomes of telehealth for the care of rural‐residing patients with urologic cancer
Authors: Dwyer Erin R. , Holt Sarah K. , Wolff Erika M. , Stewart Blair , Katz Ronit , Reynolds Jason , Gadzinski Adam J. , Gore John L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients residing in rural areas with urologic cancers confront significant obstacles in obtaining oncologic care. In the Pacific Northwest, a sizeable portion of the population lives in a rural county. Telehealth offers a potential access solution.MethodsPatients receiving urologic care through telehealth or an in‐person appointment at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle, Washington, were surveyed to assess appointment‐related satisfaction and travel costs. Patients' residences were classified as rural or urban based on their self‐reported ZIP code. Median patient satisfaction scores and appointment‐related travel costs were compared by rural versus urban residence within telehealth and in‐person appointment groups using Wilcoxon signed‐rank or χ2 testing.ResultsA total of 1091 patients seen for urologic cancer care between June 2019 and April 2022 were included, 28.7% of which resided in a rural county. Patients were mostly non‐Hispanic White (75%) and covered by Medicare (58%). Among rural‐residing patients, telehealth and in‐person appointment groups had the same median satisfaction score (61; interquartile ratio, 58, 63). More rural‐residing than urban‐residing patients in the telehealth appointment groups strongly agreed that “Considering the cost and time commitment of my appointment, I would choose to meet with my provider in this setting in the future” (67% vs. 58%, p = .03). Rural‐residing patients with in‐person appointments carried a higher financial burden than those with telehealth appointments (medians, $80 vs. $0; p <.001).ConclusionsAppointment‐related costs are high among rural‐residing patients traveling for urologic oncologic care. Telehealth provides an affordable solution that does not compromise patient satisfaction.
CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Gene Knockout in Cells and Tissues Using Lentivirus
Authors: Lu Jiaoyang , Wang Shaohe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas9 has become a powerful and popular gene editing tool. However, successful application of this tool in the lab can still be quite daunting to many newcomers to molecular biology, mostly because it is a relatively lengthy process involving multiple steps with variations of each step. Here, we provide a reliable, stepwise, and newcomer‐friendly protocol to knock out a target gene in wild‐type human fibroblasts. This protocol involves sgRNA design using CRISPOR, construction of an “all‐in‐one” vector expressing both sgRNA and Cas9 using Golden Gate cloning, streamlined production of high‐titer lentiviruses in 1 week after molecular cloning, and transduction of cells to generate a knockout cell pool. We further introduce a protocol for lentiviral transduction of ex vivo mouse embryonic salivary epithelial explants. In summary, our protocol is useful for new researchers to apply CRISPR‐Cas9 to generate stable gene knockout cells and tissue explants using lentivirus. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Basic Protocol 1: sgRNA designBasic Protocol 2: Cloning sgRNA in plasmid vector containing Cas9 encoding sequence using golden gate cloningBasic Protocol 3: Lentivirus packagingBasic Protocol 4: Lentivirus transduction of cellsBasic Protocol 5: Lentivirus transduction of salivary gland epithelial buds
Repeated Measurement of Microglia‐Dendritic Spine Interactions Using Multi‐Photon Imaging
Authors: Langley Ross C. , Canty Alison J. , Ziebell Jenna M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, mounting evidence has shown that microglia play a vital role in maintaining synapses throughout life. This maintenance is done via numerous microglial processes, which are long, thin, and highly motile protrusions from the cell body that monitor their environment. However, due to the brevity of the contacts and the potentially transient nature of synaptic structures, establishing the underlying dynamics of this relationship has proven difficult. This article describes a method of using rapidly acquired multiphoton microscopy images to track microglial dynamics and microglia:synapse interactions and the fate of the synaptic structures following those interactions. First, we detail a method for capturing multiphoton images at 1‐min intervals for approximately 1 hr and how that process can be done at multiple time points. We then discuss how best to prevent and account for any drifting of the region of interest that can occur during the imaging session and how to remove excessive background noise from those images. Finally, we detail the annotation process for dendritic spines and microglial processes using plugins in MATLAB and Fiji, respectively. These semi‐automated plugins allow tracking of individual cell structures, even if both microglia and neurons are imaged in the same fluorescent channel. This protocol presents a method of tracking both microglial dynamics and synaptic structures, in the same animal, at multiple time points, giving the user information on process speed, branching, tip size, location, and dwell time, as well as any dendritic spine gains, losses, and size changes. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Rapid multiphoton image captureBasic Protocol 2: Image preparation using MATLAB and FijiBasic Protocol 3: Dendritic spine and microglial processes annotation using ScanImage and TrackMate
Seed health trade‐offs in adopting quality declared seed in potato farming systems
Authors: Tessema Lemma , Negash Wubante , Kakuhenzire Rogers , Belay Gashaw , Seid Ebrahim , Enyew Melkamu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe availability of quality seed to smallholder farmers for most crops in sub‐Saharan Africa is a problem due to low production and availability of certified seed. Ethiopia has adopted quality declared seed (QDS) certification protocols for arable crops including potato. However, the procedure sets that only 10% of seed fields submitted to certification as QDS are inspected by external inspection. Consequently, a survey was conducted in Amhara, Oromia, and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ (SNNP) regions in Ethiopia to determine the reliability of quality control in potato QDS done through only visual assessment by determining the incidence of latent Ralstonia solanacerum (Rs) infection among farmer seed group cooperatives (FSGCs) and individual decentralized seed multipliers (IDSM). Tuber samples were collected from 446 potato fields in selected districts for both seed and ware potato producers. Data revealed that all the varieties collected in the study were equally prone to latent Rs infection. The proportion of latent Rs infected fields was highest in SNNP (39.6%) and least in Amhara (10.8%) region. Latent Rs infection was as high in samples collected from fields of FSGCs as in home‐saved or local seed (20.5%) and lowest among IDSM (8.7%). These data reveal that certifying potato QDS visually as the current practice in Ethiopia is inadequate for seed health assurance and a recipe for disseminating Rs. To contain further spread of the disease, therefore, all seed classes including QDS in Ethiopia should be tested for latent Rs infection if they are to be formally distributed.
Organization capital and green innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Qu Yuxiao , Cheung Adrian (Wai Kong) 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate the impact of organization capital on green innovation. Using the sample of Chinese A‐share listed firms from 2008 to 2020, we find evidence that the organization capital significantly improves green innovation. And this effect is more pronounced in firms with greater environmental regulatory pressure, more media attention, less financing constraints and in non‐state‐owned firms. Through simultaneous equation model and mediation analysis, we find that organization capital improves corporate social responsibility via green innovation. Our results are robust to endogeneity issues, alternative variables measurement, model specifications, and estimation methods. This paper contributes to the understanding of the role of organizational resources in influencing green innovation and corporate social responsibility, and helps promote corporate green transformation and environmental practices.
Effects of population density and environmental conditions on life‐history prevalence in a migratory fish
Authors: Sorel Mark H. , Murdoch Andrew R. , Zabel Richard W. , Kamphaus Cory M. , Buhle Eric R. , Scheuerell Mark D. , Converse Sarah J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndividual variation in life‐history traits can have important implications for the ability of populations to respond to environmental variability and change. In migratory animals, flexibility in the timing of life‐history events, such as juvenile emigration from natal areas, can influence the effects of population density and environmental conditions on habitat use and population dynamics. We evaluated the functional relationships between population density and environmental covariates and the abundance of juveniles expressing different life‐history pathways in a migratory fish, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), in the Wenatchee River basin in Washington State, USA. We found that the abundance of younger emigrants from natal streams was best described by an accelerating or near‐linear function of spawners, whereas the abundance of older emigrants was best described by a decelerating function of spawners. This supports the hypothesis that emigration timing varies in response to density in natal areas, with younger‐emigrating life‐history pathways comprising a larger proportion of emigrants when densities of conspecifics are high. We also observed positive relationships between winter stream discharge and abundance of younger emigrants, supporting the hypothesis that habitat conditions can also influence the prevalence of different life‐history pathways. Our results suggest that early emigration, and a resultant increase in the use of downstream rearing habitats, may increase at higher population densities and with greater winter precipitation. Winter precipitation is projected to increase in this system due to climate warming. Characterizing relationships between life‐history prevalence and environmental conditions may improve our understanding of species habitat requirements and is a first step in understanding the dynamics of species with diverse life‐history strategies. As environmental conditions change—due to climate change, management, or other factors—resultant life‐history changes are likely to have important demographic implications that will be challenging to predict when life‐history diversity is not accounted for in population models.
New hybrid method for vulnerability assessment in floodplain areas exposed to dam break
Authors: Nekooie Mohammad Ali , Gholizadeh Saeed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNatural and man‐made factors can cause dam failure, which constantly threatens downstream assets. Flood risk assessment is typically developed according to the hydraulic and geographic characteristics of floodplain regions. However, previous approaches have not considered asset values and the impacts of flooding on them, including threat probability and consequences. This report presents a new integrated hybrid model based on security vulnerability assessment and hydraulic analysis of floods and uses the source‐pathway‐receptor‐consequences (SPRC) approach to comprehensively examine all factors. A questionnaire survey was used for performing threat analysis and attractiveness analysis and determining the asset values and consequences. A geographical information system was applied to superimpose layers based on the SPRC approach in five different scenarios based on piping discharge and downstream flow in the case of a dam break. These scenarios were developed considering the basin water level. The results illustrate that residential areas have the highest vulnerability, and farmlands exhibit the lowest exposure to flooding caused by dam failure. Based on the attraction to terrorism, criticality due to consequences, and flooding characteristics, high‐risk zones were identified for implementing mitigation or protection countermeasures.
Composite materials based on covalent organic frameworks for multiple advanced applications
Authors: Chen Jia , Wang Yuting , Yu Yongliang , Wang Jianhua , Liu Juewen , Ihara Hirotaka , Qiu Hongdeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) stand for a class of emerging crystalline porous organic materials, which are ingeniously constructed with organic units through strong covalent bonds. Their excellent design capabilities, and uniform and tunable pore structure make them potential materials for various applications. With the continuous development of synthesis technique and nanoscience, COFs have been successfully combined with a variety of functional materials to form COFs‐based composites with superior performance than individual components. This paper offers an overview of the development of different types of COFs‐based composites reported so far, with particular focus on the applications of COFs‐based composites. Moreover, the challenges and future development prospects of COFs‐based composites are presented. We anticipate that the review will provide some inspiration for the further development of COFs‐based composites.