bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of dental implant placement with a robotic system in partially edentulous patients: A prospective, single‐arm clinical trial
Authors: Chen Wei , Al‐Taezi Khulood Ali , Chu Catherine Huihan , Shen Yue , Wu Jin , Cai Kunzhan , Chen Peng , Tang Chunbo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis clinical study aimed to assess the accuracy of implant positions using a robotic system in partially edentulous patients.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight partially edentulous patients received 31 implants using the robotic system. Deviations between the planned and placed implants were calculated after surgery. The deviations were compared with objective performance goals (OPGs) from reported studies of fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS) and dynamic CAIS. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the possible effects of the type and side of the arch, implant location, and implant dimensions on the deviations.ResultsThe evaluation of 31 implants resulted in a mean angle deviation of 2.81 ± 1.13° (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.40–3.23°), while the 3D deviations at the implant shoulder and apex were 0.53 ± 0.23 mm (95% CI 0.45–0.62 mm) and 0.53 ± 0.24 mm (95% CI 0.44–0.61 mm), respectively. The upper limits of the 95% CI of 3D deviations were lower than those of the corresponding OPGs; however, the angle deviation was similar to that of the OPG. No statistically significant differences were found for the type and side of the arch, implant location, and implant dimensions to the deviations (p > .05).ConclusionsThe robotic system appears to achieve higher accuracy in implant positions than static and dynamic CAIS in partially edentulous patients (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300067587).
Reparixin improves survival in critically ill and transplant patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Piersanti Gioia , Landoni Giovanni , Scquizzato Tommaso , Zangrillo Alberto , Piemonti Lorenzo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundReparixin, an anti‐inflammatory drug that inhibits interleukin 8 (IL‐8) activity, might be life‐saving for high‐risk in‐hospital patients without increasing the risk of infection according to a previous meta‐analysis. With the increasing availability of randomised data the aim of the current study is to update previous findings by including any randomised control trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of reparixin on survival of critically ill or transplant patients.MethodsA search strategy was developed to identify all RCTs involving reparixin in critically ill or transplant patients, with the exclusion of oncological patients. Two trained and independent authors conducted a thorough search of relevant databases. In addition, backward snowballing was employed. Language restrictions were not imposed.ResultsOur analysis included a total of nine studies involving 733 patients: 437 received reparixin and 296 the comparator. The reparixin group had a significantly lower all‐cause mortality rate compared to the control group [15/437 (3.4%) vs. 19/294 (6.4%), odds ratio = 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.23–0.96), p‐value for effect .04, I2 = 22%, number needed to treat = 33]. These findings had the same direction and magnitude of effect across COVID‐19 patients (n = 325) and non‐COVID‐19 patients (n = 408). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the rate of pneumonia, sepsis or non‐serious infections between the two groups.ConclusionsThe findings of this meta‐analysis indicate that reparixin, an anti‐inflammatory drug, improved survival in critically ill or transplant patients (including both COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 patients) without increasing the risk of infection.
Contrasting effects of acute heat shock on physiological and ecological performance of the fall armyworm
Authors: Mbande Abongile , Mutamiswa Reyard , Nyamukondiwa Casper , Chidawanyika Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTemperature is a critical factor that influences the behavior, physiology, and development of ectothermic organisms. This has become even more important as acute temperature stress associated with global climate change becomes the new norm. Using the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), we assessed its physiological and ecological responses following acute heat stress, synonymous to heat waves associated with recent climate change. Specifically, we measured the effects of short‐term exposure (for 2 h) to heat shock (at 32, 35, and 38 °C) on physiological responses, such as critical thermal minima (CTmin) and maxima (CTmax), and life‐history traits, such as reproductive success (fecundity and hatching success) and longevity, using virgin adults. Our results showed that prior acute heat shock compromised cold tolerance (CTmin) while enhancing heat tolerance (CTmax). In addition, heat shock reduced fecundity and hatching success and had dramatic effects on adult longevity. We conclude that acute heat stress associated with shifting environmental conditions may generally offset key physiological traits, affect reproduction and thus population persistence, and simultaneously have complex effects on adult lifespan.
Is phase locking crucial to improve hearing thresholds in tinnitus patients?
Authors: Schulze Holger , Tziridis Konstantin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTemporal processing of auditory data plays a crucial role in our proposed model of tinnitus development through stochastic resonance (SR). The model assumes a physiological mechanism optimizing auditory information transmission (as quantified by autocorrelation [AC] analysis) into the brain by adding the optimal amount of neuronal noise to otherwise subthreshold signals. We hypothesize that this takes place at the second synapse of the auditory pathway in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). We propose that after hearing loss, this neuronal noise is increased in the affected frequency band to improve hearing thresholds at the cost of upward propagation of this added noise, which finally may be perceived as tinnitus. We already showed the improvement of hearing thresholds in a large population of patients. Until now, we did not investigate the differences in hearing thresholds based on the biological constraints of early auditory temporal processing (phase locking) that is only possible up to frequencies of 5 kHz.In this report, we grouped our patient database (N = 47,986) according to tinnitus pitch (TP) of below (TP<5kHz) or above (TP>5kHz) the 5 kHz limit or having no tinnitus (NT) and compared their mean audiograms. We found that TP<5kHz patients showed significantly better hearing thresholds than all other patient groups independent of age. No improvement was seen for TP>5kHz patients who even showed worse thresholds than NT patients for high frequencies.These results are further evidence for our SR model of tinnitus development and the existence of AC analysis at the level of the DCN.
Galvanic vestibular stimulation activates the parietal and temporal cortex in humans: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study
Authors: Hernández‐Román Joaquin , Montero‐Hernández Samuel , Vega Rosario , Orihuela‐Espina Felipe , Soto Enrique 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGalvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) helps stabilize subjects when balance and posture are compromised. This work aimed to define the cortical regions that GVS activates in normal subjects. We used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to test the hypothesis that GVS activates similar cortical areas as a passive movement. We used transcranial current stimulation (cathode in the right mastoid process and anode in the FPz frontopolar point) of bipolar direct current (2 mA), false GVS (sham), vibration (neutral stimulus), and back and forth motion (positive control of vestibular movement) in 18 clinically healthy volunteers. Seventy‐two brain scans were performed, applying a crossover‐type experimental design. We measured the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, head capacitance, and resistance before and after the experiment. The haemodynamic changes of the cerebral cortex were recorded with an arrangement of 26 channels in four regions to perform an ROI‐level analysis. The back‐and‐forth motion produced the most significant oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO2) increase. The response was similar for the GVS stimulus on the anterior and posterior parietal and right temporal regions. Sham and vibrational conditions did not produce significant changes ROI‐wise. The results indicate that GVS produces a cortical activation coherent with displacement percept.
Introduction: The plurality of Premodern German studies
Authors: Oehme Annegret , Jones Claire Taylor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhat is German studies for a historical period in which Germany did not exist? This introduction to the special issue on Premodern German Studies advocates for a more inclusive definition of German and a more diverse practice of German studies. Between 800 and 1800, Central Europe was marked by shifting political boundaries, cultural‐religious plurality, linguistic transformations, imperial expansions and contractions, and missionary colonization with its accompanying forms of violence. The contributions in this volume challenge two related preconceptions: that relevant material from majority German‐speaking regions is exclusively in German; and that the regions from which material relevant for German studies originates are solely those where German was or is widely spoken. This issue also seeks to show how premodern studies can support the important work of scholar activists by examining the plurality of time periods, regions, cultures, languages, literatures, and identities encompassed by the expansive field of premodern German studies.
Association between locomotive syndrome and anemia among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Encho Haruhi , Uchida Kazuaki , Nakamura Junya , Mizuta Sachiko , Akisue Toshihiro , Kowa Hisatomo , Ono Rei 
Published: May 2023

AimTo investigate the association between locomotive syndrome and anemia among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at specific health checkup centers in Japan between 2019 and 2020. We sent a questionnaire to older adults aged ≥65 years who participated in health checkups. A total of 2507 community‐dwelling older adults were included in this study (mean age = 72.3 years, 51.4% women). Locomotive syndrome was measured using a 25‐question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale with a score range of 0–100, and was defined as ≥16 points. Anemia was defined using World Health Organization criteria, as a hemoglobin concentration of <13.0 g/dL in men and <12.0 g/dL in women. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between locomotive syndrome and anemia, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, depression symptoms, self‐reported comorbidities (cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, knee osteoarthritis, fractures, and spinal disease), hypertension, and renal function.ResultsOf all the participants, 11.6% had locomotive syndrome and 12.8% had anemia. Even after adjustment, a relationship between locomotive syndrome and anemia was observed (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–2.7).ConclusionsCommunity‐dwelling older adults with anemia had a significantly higher prevalence of locomotive syndrome than those without. This finding suggests that older adults with anemia are at risk of locomotive syndrome, and appropriate measures should be taken for prevention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 426–429.
Internet development and the spatial optimization of regional productivity: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Peng , Cen Cong , Lin Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of the Internet had a profound influence on the spatial distribution of economic output activities. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this study takes China's regions as research samples and construct a spatial econometric model to empirically analyze the impact of Internet development on regional productivity. The analysis reveals that the distribution of regional productivity in China had significant spatial correlation; regional productivity had positive spatial externalities; Internet development had significant promotion effects and positive spatial spillover effects to regional productivity, but the effects are heterogeneous in different subregions. The subregion analysis shows that the optimization effect of the Internet on regional productivity exhibits heterogeneity in different subregions. The threshold effect analysis reveals the increasing marginal effect of Internet development on regional productivity, and economic development and human capital supply are important factors restricting this marginal effect. Altogether, this study provides useful references on the positive effects of the Internet on regional productivity in the spatial dimension, and suggests that the policy makers can optimize the spatial distribution of regional productivity by promoting Internet access in various regions and narrowing the digital divide among regions.
Brand trust and engagement in social commerce
Authors: George Ajimon , Joseph Ajay , Abraham Mathew , Joseph Eric Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the surge in social media (SM) users around the world, the scope of social commerce (SC) in brand engagement is a prominent area of discussion. The present study empirically investigates the effect of social commerce construct (SCC), multi‐dimensional constructs of social presence theory (SPT) and consumer generated content (CGC) on brand trust and brand engagement in SC platforms. An online survey was conducted among 625 Indian consumers who had made more than one purchase using SC platforms in the previous 6 months. Structural equation modelling technique was employed for testing the hypotheses and conceptual model. The results suggest that each element of SCC, SPT and CGC positively contributes to brand trust and engagement. Further, the study provides insight into brand trust and brand engagement in SM, which prompts brand usage intention of the consumers. The insights can be used by managers to create long‐term customer relationship management action plans that emphasize brand trust and engagement.
Socio‐cultural factors influencing Indonesian nurses to stay working in Indonesia: A qualitative study
Authors: Hamid Achir Yani S , Permatasari Henny , Hargiana Giur , Rahmadiyah Dwi Cahya , Putri Arcellia Farosyah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo explore push, pull and retention factors affecting indonesian nurses decision to stay in the nursing profession.IntroductionIdentifying influencing factors that determine Indonesian nurses’ decisions to remain working in Indonesia gives a better understanding of nurses’ migration and therefore are necessry to explore.BackgroundStudies examining nurse migration's push and pull factors have been carried out extensively. A study exploring factors that make nurses stay in their home countries, such as Indonesia needs to be conducted to provide different insights for related parties.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 52 managers and 181 nurses from hospitals and community health centres across four different regions in Indonesia, including DKI Jakarta, Lampung, South Kalimantan and West Nusa Tenggara. A purposive sampling method was used. The data were collected online (via Zoom) and offline through semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions. A content analysis was performed. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was followed.ResultsFive categories were developed: non‐financial support, sense of togetherness, following the husband, social image and powerlessness.DiscussionSocio‐cultural factors influence Indonesian nurses to stay working in their country despite their economic and career development difficulties.ConclusionSocio‐cultural circumstances have become powerful factors affecting Indonesian nurses to stay working in Indonesia.Implications for nursing practice and policyThere is a need for harmonisation of policies related to nursing migration between recipient and source countries. Moreover, policies should go beyond education, competency and credentialing regulations and include addressing social costs and needs, such as the possibility of migrating nurses’ families to the recipient countries.
Raman spectroscopic characterization of SiO2 phase transformation and Si substrate stress relevant to EBC performance
Authors: Lance Michael J. , Ridley Mackenzie J. , Kane Kenneth A. , Pint Bruce A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo accurately model the long‐term durability of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs), a more complete understanding of the phase composition and transformations of the thermally grown oxide SiO2 (TGO) is desired. For the TGO formed during thermal cycling in steam, cristobalite formation and the subsequent β‐ to α‐cristobalite transformation has been identified as a potentially life‐limiting mechanism. In this study, Raman micro‐spectroscopy was used to quantify the cristobalite transformation on a polycrystalline Si coupon that was exposed to steam at 1350°C for 100 h. The phase transformation was mapped at 200–260°C on the TGO surface at different ramp rates using a heating stage and a micro‐positioning stage. The stress in the Si substrate was also determined using Raman spectroscopy by measuring the stress induced peak shift. The α→β phase transformation produced a 300–500 MPa tensile stress in the Si substrate, which compared well to the stress predicted from the volumetric expansion of the cristobalite. Quantifying the phase transformation and residual stress are critical tools in developing the next generation of high performance EBCs.
Oral‐motor function in older people: Exploring new dimensions of frailty
Authors: dos Santos Nogueira Dália Maria , de Matos Vieira Ana Isabel Correia , de Azevedo Reis Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral‐motor performance for speech and swallowing, and verbal fluency represent important domains that can determine frailty thresholds in older people.ObjectivesThe study aims to explore the association between oral‐motor performance and verbal fluency to achieve a comprehensive measurement of the frailty phenotype.Methods and ProceduresAn exploratory and inferential cross‐sectional study was carried out in two nursing homes and 2 day care centres. The study comprised a sample of 95 individuals with a mean age of 83 years. The oral‐diadochokinesis test (ODDK), water swallow test (WST), time of mastication and swallowing (TOMASS), maximum tongue pressure, verbal fluency, physical phenotype and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used as measurements variables.ResultsThe comparison of mean values between the performance of observed and normative values for the target population was shown to be statistically significant for all the measurements and between the pre‐frail and frail.ConclusionsThe results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that oral‐motor function for speech and swallowing and verbal fluency are relevant to the diagnosis and management of the frailty condition in older people. The frailty syndrome is more than just the traditionally observed physical function, rather it is a multidimensional construct, where additional dimensions should be considered when evaluating frailty in clinical practice.
A temporal and spatial study of genetic structure in four species of bladed Bangiales (Rhodophyta) from the southeastern Pacific coast of Chile
Authors: Cid‐Alda Fernanda P. , Montecinos Alejandro E. , Guillemin Marie Laure 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe coastline is a heterogeneous and highly dynamic environment influenced by abiotic and biotic variables affecting the temporal stability of genetic diversity and structure of marine organisms. The aim of this study was to determine how much the genetic structure of four species of marine Bangiales vary in time and space. Partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene obtained from two Pyropia (Py. sp. CHJ and Py. orbicularis) and two Porphyra (P. mumfordii and P. sp. FIH) species were used to compare the effect of the 40° S/41° S biogeographic break (spatial‐regional scale) and the one of the Valdivia River discharges (spatial‐local scale) and determine their temporal stability. Four seasonal samplings were taken during 1 year at five sites, one site located in Melinka (Magallanes province) and four sites along the coast of Valdivia (Intermediate area), on both sides of the river mouth. Results showed a strong genetic spatial structure at regional scale (ΦST > 0.4) in Py. sp. CHJ, Py. orbicularis, and P. mumfordii, congruent with the 41° S/42° S biogeographic break. A potential barrier to gene flow, related to the Valdivia River discharge, was detected only in P. mumfordii. In P. sp. FIH, spatial genetic structure was not detected at any scale. The genetic structure of all four species is stable throughout the year. The potential effect of main currents and river discharge in limiting the transport of Bangiales spores are discussed. We propose that both a restricted propagule dispersal and the formation potential for persistent banks of microscopic stages could lead to a temporally stable spatial partitioning of genetic variation in bladed Bangiales.
Behavioural repertoire and the effect of male removal in a geotrupid beetle with parental care
Authors: Kiss J. , Rosa M. E. , Rácz R. , Kosztolányi A. , Barta Z. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough biparental care is thought to be rare among insects, it has evolved independently numerous times resulting in diverse forms and varying levels of parental involvement. Several theoretical studies address potential factors promoting biparental care in beetles; however, empirical studies target principally only species of Scarabaeidae and Silphidae families. Here, we investigated the behavioural repertoire of the breeding pairs in two natural populations of a geotrupid beetle Lethrus apterus with parental care. Changes in female care as a response to the male's absence were also investigated by experimentally removing males from pairs. We found that males spend the majority of their time at the nest entrance, while females leave their nest and collect leaves at a significantly higher rate than males. We also showed that males often desert their nests and were usually replaced by new males in a short time. The desertion of males, however, does not seem to influence females' behaviour. These findings indicate that L. apterus may have a dynamic mating system with typically short‐term mate fidelity. Furthermore, our results have advanced our understanding of parental roles and nesting behaviour and contributed to the description of the distinct roles of parents in different phases of nesting events in L. apterus beetles.
The Significance of ISIS's State Building in Syria
Authors: Bakkour Samer , Stansfield Gareth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearchers and policy makers appear to hold a deeply rooted reluctance to acknowledge, let alone address, the significance of ISIS's state building. Those who have engaged with this issue have tended to traverse the analytical dead end of legalistic questions and themes, inevitably concluding that ISIS's efforts fell short of the threshold of statehood. This article sharply diverges from this reasoning and instead focuses on the political extent of ISIS's state building, which was a reaction to the collapse of authority in Iraq and Syria, and the concomitant failure to protect peoples at risk. The study examines the Islamic State on four dimensions: the stabilization of society, the extraction of income, the politicization of religion, and the use of sectarian divisions. It finds that ISIS's efforts were internally contradictory and contained a number of elements that impeded its establishing a conventionally defined state and its carrying out of actions expected of such a state.