bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spermatozoa of the free-living marine nematode, Pontonema vulgare (Enoplida, Oncholaimidae), revealed in testis, uterus and fertilised oocyte
Authors: Yushin Vladimir V. , Claeys Myriam , Bert Wim 
Published: January 2025

Summary
The ultrastructure of immature and mature spermatozoa, as well as the sperm components within the oocyte following fertilisation and gamete fusion, are investigated in the free-living marine nematode, Pontonema vulgare. Immature spermatozoa from the testis exhibit a stellate nucleus with a nuclear envelope surrounding poorly condensed chromatin. The filamentous sperm cytoplasm contains minute mitochondria and osmiophilic membranous organelles (MO) with a vacuolated structure. Mature spermatozoa found in the uterus are amoeboid cells, polarised into a pseudopod without organelles, while a main cell body includes a nucleus, mitochondria and MOs. The nucleus in mature sperm becomes lobate, and a continuous nuclear envelope surrounds condensed chromatin. Numerous small MOs remain as osmiophilic vesicles of vacuolated structure, lacking contact with the sperm plasmalemma. The prominent pseudopod, filled with parallel arrays of fibres, facilitates the amoeboid motility of the spermatozoon. Observations of spermatozoa within newly fertilised oocytes in P. vulgare align with findings from several studied parasitic nematodes regarding gamete fusion. Within the cortical ooplasm, sperm components form a cluster that includes the nucleus, mitochondria and MOs. Observations of P. vulgare spermatozoa in the female gonoduct confirm key features of the oncholaimid sperm pattern previously described. The presence of a nuclear envelope in spermatozoa represents an important plesiomorphic trait conserved in all enoplid nematodes. This nuclear envelope, retained even within the fertilised oocyte, underscores the differentiation of enoplids from all other nematode clades. Furthermore, the simplified MOs, which remain intact in the mature spermatozoa of P. vulgare and are transferred into the oocyte during fertilisation, may be regarded as apomorphic ultrastructural features characteristic of the Oncholaimidae family.
Aphelenchoides japonicus n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in the rhizosphere of Camellia sasanqua and Juniperus chinensis from Japan
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Ma Xinxin 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Aphelenchoides japonicus n. sp., isolated in the rhizosphere of Camellia sasanqua and Juniperus chinensis from Japan, is described. It is characterised by three lateral incisures, and a slender stylet 8-10 μm long with obvious round basal swellings, an excretory pore located at the level of the nerve ring or slightly posterior, an oblong spermatheca, containing ellipse sperm cells in a single row, but sometimes with spheroid sperm cells in 2-3 rows, a vagina not sclerotised and the vulva having slightly protruding lips and lacking a flap. The post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) is well developed, occupying ca 26.2% (21.5-31.4) of the vulva to anus distance. The male spicules are smoothly arcuate, the condylus very short and rounded, a small rostrum sharply pointed, the dorsal limb 21.6 (19.1-23.8) μm long, lacking a hook-like structure at the distal tip. The tail of both sexes is conical, with a trimucronate process, giving a wide warty mucron-like structure or a star-like appearance. The new species belongs to Group 3 of the Aphelenchoides species sensu Shahina. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S and 28S D2-D3 of rDNA, along with ITS and mtCOI confirmed its status as a new species.
Anti-genderism as an Intellectual New-Right Strategy and as a Conglomeration of Elements of Group-Related Misanthropy
Authors: Strube Sonja Angelika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article analyses the phenomenon of anti-genderism from two different aspects: first, as a (meta-)political strategy elaborated by protagonists of the intellectual (extreme) New Right; second, following the studies of the Bielefeld Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, as a conglomeration of elements of the syndrome of Group-Related Misanthropy (Heitmeyer 2002–2011; Zick and Küpper 2021). The first aspect focuses on the relatively small number of right-wing protagonists and activists for whom the topic of anti-genderism is an appropriate means to increase their radius of action and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness even within predominantly liberal and democratic societies and to establish worldwide networks (for example Datta 2020, 2021; Mascolo 2023). The second aspect focuses on the mostly unconscious human tendency to prejudice and implicit devaluations within societies—a psychological dynamic which becomes a ‘highly welcome’ means to protagonists of the extreme right in order to trigger negative emotions of anger and hatred. The two aspects complement each other, in so far as widespread prejudices and relatively well veiled authoritarian policy offers come together in the thematic area of anti-genderism and thus develop a special dynamic.
Consistencies and Inconsistencies in the Relevance of Image Properties for Individual and Averaged Aesthetic Ratings
Authors: Stuit Sjoerd M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Visual art has been created, enjoyed, and debated throughout history. The possibility of universal properties related to aesthetic experiences has a long history and more recent additions to the debate are results showing correlations between art aesthetics ratings and basic visual properties such as contrast and colour. However, since most research is based on group data (e.g., by using averaged ratings), the basic properties found to be universal may reflect either a group consensus or a group compromise, where no individual's preference matches the group preference. We asked raters to indicate both (1) if a painting was experienced as positive or negative and (2) if it was experienced as appealing or unappealing. Using a machine-learning cross-validation procedure, basic visual properties of the images were used to predict both individual and averaged ratings. Results show ratings for the experienced positivity and appeal of an artwork can be predicted at both an individual and a group (e.g., using averaged ratings) level. By estimating the relevance of each visual property (e.g., feature), based on both groups and individuals, it is shown that, while features relevant for positivity ratings show some consistency between individual and groups, this is not the case for features related to appeal ratings. Mean ratings can therefore suggest image properties as universally relevant without generalization to individuals.
Microstructure development and dynamic-mechanical properties of polybutadiene rubber/nanoclay: Effect of curing system
Authors: Tavakoli Mitra , Keshavarzzadeh Seyed Malek 
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of polybutadiene rubber (BR) nanocomposites incorporating organoclay (OC) through melt mixing with a focus on the microstructure development and properties of the cured materials using sulfur curing and electron beam irradiation. The role of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR50) as a compatibilizer to improve interfacial interactions is explored. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirm the intercalation structure of clay nanoplates within the nanocomposites. Mechanical properties measurements highlight the enhancement of tensile strength and elongation at break with increasing nanoclay content in sulfur-cured nanocomposites while in the case of the irradiated samples the tensile strength increased as the nanoclay content increased from 3 to 7 wt% up to a dose of 150 kGy after which it decreased with further dose increments and exhibit a dose-dependent behavior. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) reveals a strong chain-nanoparticle interaction with irradiated samples at 150 kGy displaying superior storage modulus and reduced loss factor compared to sulfur-cured counterparts. Furthermore, the incorporation of ENR50 as a compatibilizer proved beneficial in enhancing the interaction between the BR chains and the modified nanoclay. These findings offer valuable insights into the design and performance of rubber nanocomposites for advanced applications.
Study on the effectiveness and safety of artificial intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration in MHD patients with intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Fan YanNa , Wang Fen , Zou Menglin , Luo Laimin , Wang Ying 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of artificial intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration (I-HDF) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with intradialytic hypotension (IDH), and to determine the optimal infusion dosage. Methods: This single-center, prospective, self-controlled study included 30 MHD patients with IDH, treated from December 2022 to July 2023. Patients underwent three sessions of I-HDF as treatment group and conventional hemodialysis as control group. Comparisons were made between the two groups regarding changes in blood pressure, hypotension symptoms, changes in body water content, and achievement of infusion doses. Results: 1. The fluctuation amplitude of SBP in the treatment group was 18.96 ± 10.400, while in the control group it was 27.4 ± 11.796. There was a significant difference between the two groups ( p < 0.05). 2. During 90 sessions of dialysis, 39 interventions were needed in the treatment group, compared to 59 interventions in the control group. The treatment group required fewer interventions, with a significant difference ( p < 0.05). 3. No hypotension symptoms occurred in the treatment group, whereas six cases were observed in the control group, which was significantly higher ( p < 0.05). 4. One patient in the 250 ml infusion group experienced chest tightness. Among the three infusion groups, the 250 ml group had the greatest fluctuation in DBP, with a significant difference ( p < 0.05). 5. Among the three infusion volumes groups, there was a significant difference between the theoretical and actual infusion volumes in the 150 and 200 ml groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: The artificial I-HDF mode effectively improves the occurrence of IDH. An infusion dose of 150–200 ml is deemed appropriate.
Investigating the Effect of Counseling to Promote Spiritual Health Skills Enhanced With Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques on Extramarital Relationships in Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yousefi Setareh , Ahmadi Atefeh , Joulaei Hassan , Bolhari Jafar , Mirzaee Moghaddame 
Published: January 2025

Background The impact of extramarital relationships, as a serious latent social pathology, on the health and safety of people, especially women, is of great importance. Therefore, proper interventions must be identified and designed to reduce its harmful effects. Objectives The present study aimed to determine the effect of spiritual well-being improvement skills education enhanced with cognitive-behavioral techniques on extramarital relationships. Methods Women with extramarital relationships were selected using convenience sampling and randomly selected by card into two groups of intervention ( n = 16) and control ( n = 16) received spiritual therapy education using the cognitive-behavioral technique in 6 sessions of 120 min. The participants completed the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Spirituality in Behavior, and the Infidelity Questionnaire. Before the intervention and after 1 month. Results There were significant differences between all posttest scores of the questionnaire between the two groups ( P < .05). Moreover, in the follow-up, the intervention group showed significant differences in variables of extramarital relationships (21.09 ± 63.25), (19 ± 58.93), (19.13 ± 57.45) and Spirituality in Behavior and the control group only in extramarital relationships compared with the pretest score ( P < .05). Conclusions Therapies based on improved spirituality using cognitive-behavioral techniques can be employed to implement interventions in extramarital relationships and improve spiritual well-being. Trial registration IRCT20170611034452N8
PITYRIASIS ROSEA – A REVIEW OF THE SPECIFIC TREATMENTS
Authors: Chuh A.A.T. , Au T.S. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To evaluate the evidence for using ‘specific’ treatments in pityriasis rosea (PR), to discuss mechanisms of their action and to recommend a strategy for using them. Methods: MEDLINE search for specific treatments for PR, with ranking of evidence into four levels and sublevels. Results and discussion: Six specific treatments (erythromycin, artificial ultraviolet radiation, systemic corticosteroids, dapsone, rivanol and streptomycin) were reviewed. Their possible mechanisms of action were discussed. A strategy of using specific treatments is recommended. Conclusions: Most specific treatments for PR are not supported by adequate evidence. Mechanisms of action of these treatments are largely unknown. Most patients do not require specific treatments. Erythromycin should be reserved for patients with severe pruritus unresponsive to non-specific treatments, and systemic corticosteroids should only be used as a last resort.
Improving end-of-life care in the twenty-first century
Authors: McConnell S 
Published: January 2025

This symposium appealed to a wide variety of professionals. The importance of anticipatory care planning was consistently stressed as a key means of improving end-of-life care in the twenty-first century. Such planning can be difficult, not least because of the differences in illness trajectories and the problem of identifying dying. Various initiatives, frameworks and care pathways have been devised to aid this planning process. Lack of palliative care training and support compromises the quality of end-of-life care provided in many care homes. Symptom management is obviously important and, if associated with impaired renal function, frequently necessitates modifications to drug therapy. Patient narratives were demonstrated as an invaluable insight into the patient’s perspective. Discussions surrounding ‘do not attempt resuscitation’ (DNAR) decisions are often challenging, but new guidance has been produced. The day was closed with multi-professional case presentations debated by the panel of speakers.
Beyond self-regulation: Autistic experiences and perceptions of stimming
Authors: Morris Isabelle F , Sykes Jesica R , Paulus Emilie R , Dameh Alharith , Razzaque Aysha , Esch Lauren Vander , Gruenig Jenna , Zelazo Philip David 
Published: January 2025

Repetitive, self-stimulatory behaviors (“stimming”) are a hallmark characteristic of autism. Stimming is thought to aid in self-regulation, but autistic perspectives of stimming are underrepresented in the literature. Autistic adults (Study 1 N = 131; Study 2 N = 117) completed a survey about their autistic identity and their experiences and perceptions of stimming, as well as the functions stimming served. Participants reported stimming to be sometimes positive and sometimes negative, with stimming only being a negative experience when it was self-injurious or stigmatized. Despite frequently being a positive experience, participants purposefully suppressed stimming (“masking”), which was done almost exclusively for extrinsic reasons (e.g. to avoid judgment from others). The majority of participants felt stimming (1) was an important part of their friendship with other autistic people, (2) helped them connect with other autistic people, and (3) that when they saw other autistic people stimming, they could tell what they were feeling. Study 2 found that the degree of connection to the autistic community was the most important predictor of whether stimming served these social-communication functions. Lay abstract Stimming, or repetitive self-stimulatory behavior, is commonly seen in autistic people and is believed to help with self-regulation. However, the views of autistic people on stimming are not well represented in academic research. Two studies surveyed autistic adults (131 in Study 1 and 117 in Study 2) about their identity, experiences, and views on stimming, as well as its purposes. Participants reported that stimming could be both positive and negative, with negativity only arising when it caused self-injury or was stigmatized. Although stimming was often a positive experience, many participants intentionally suppressed it to avoid judgment from others. Most participants felt that stimming played a key role in their friendships and connections with other autistic individuals and that it helped them understand each other's emotions. Study 2 revealed that a strong connection to the autistic community was the most important factor in whether stimming served these social and communicative purposes. Given the potential importance of stimming as social communication within the Autistic community, interventions to enhance social and communication skills in Autistic individuals should consider ways to incorporate stimming. A better understanding of the important roles stimming plays in Autistic people's lives is beneficial for the well-being of Autistic individuals.
Comparative study between high and low dose methylene blue infusion in septic cancer patients: a randomized, blinded, controlled study
Authors: Shaker Ehab Hanafy , Soliman Ahmed Mohamed , Bedewy Ahmed Abd Elmohsen , Elrawas Mai Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Septic shock is a common threat, and is the primary cause of death in almost all critical care units. Mortality of septic shock remains exceedingly high. The early use of methylene blue (MB) in different doses as adjunctive to vasopressors has promising results.

Methods
This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comprised 90 patients divided into 3 groups: Group A received a 100 ml 0.9% NaCl placebo over 20 min; Group B received an MB bolus of 1 mg/kg in 100 ml 0.9% NaCl, and Group C received MB bolus of 4 mg/kg in 100 ml 0.9% NaCl during the same period. Groups B and C were given a 0.25 mg/kg/hour infusion of MB for 72 h after the bolus dose. All patients were started on noradrenaline at an infusion rate of 0.1–0.2 µ/kg/min and were adjusted accordingly to maintain MAP ≥ 65 mmHg. Time of vasopressor discontinuation was the primary outcome while total doses of vasopressors, ventilation days, vasopressors free days, total ICU stay, total hospital stay, and mortality rate were the secondary outcomes.

Results
Groups B and C exhibited significantly decreased time to vasopressor termination, and vasopressor-free days at 28 days in comparison to Group A. However, there was no significant difference between Groups B and C. Groups B and C had significantly lower noradrenaline dosages compared to Group A, however, no significant difference between Group B and Group C was found. The difference between the three groups in mortality rate was near statistical significance (p = 0.083). Using the logistic regression model, the 4 mg/kg group was protective against mortality with a hazard ratio of 0.29 (95%CI: 0.09–0.90).

Conclusion
In cancer patients with septic shock, early adjunctive MB delivery reduces the time to a vasopressor stoppage and increases the vasopressor-free days. No significant difference between high and low MB bolus doses, and no significant adverse effects were noted. Compared to placebo, the 4 mg/kg bolus dose shows a survival advantage.

Trial registration
Prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov [NCT 06005558]. (Date of registration 15/08/2023).
The effect of preoperative topical magnesium sulfate spraying in the oropharyngeal region on postoperative sore throat following gynecological laparoscopic surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wang Linxin , Li Fangfang , Liu Yuqing , Xiong Xingyu , Qiu Qin , Wang Guanglei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Postoperative sore throat is a common complication following general anesthesia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of preoperative topical magnesium sulfate spraying in the oropharyngeal region on postoperative sore throat following gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Methods
The study included 58 patients scheduled for gynecologic laparoscopic surgery at Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to either the magnesium sulfate group or the control group, with 29 patients in each group. In the magnesium sulfate group, 25% magnesium sulfate was sprayed at a dose of 15 mg/kg on the mucous membrane of the pharynx and posterior wall of the larynx near the glottis using a laryngoscope under visual guidance during intubation; in the control group, an equal volume of normal saline was used instead. The primary outcome measure was the overall incidence of postoperative sore throat 48 h after surgery.

Results
The overall incidence of postoperative sore throat in the magnesium sulfate group was lower than that in the the control group (20.0% vs. 66.7%, P < 0.001). At time points T1 (P < 0.001), T2 (P = 0.02), and T3 (P = 0.015), the incidence of postoperative sore throat in the the magnesium sulfate group was also lower than that in the the control group.

Conclusion
This study confirmed that preoperatively spraying magnesium sulfate locally in the Oropharyngeal Region can reduce the frequency and severity of postoperative sore throat.

Trial registration
The study was registered at Chictr.org.cn with the number ChiCTR2400087240 on 07/23/2024.
Exploring artificial intelligence for differentiating early syphilis from other skin lesions: a pilot study
Authors: Sun Jiajun , Li Yingping , Yu Zhen , Towns Janet M. , Soe Nyi N. , Latt Phyu M. , Zhang Lin , Ge Zongyuan , Fairley Christopher K. , Ong Jason J. , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Early diagnosis of syphilis is vital for its effective control. This study aimed to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) diagnostic model based on radiomics technology to distinguish early syphilis from other clinical skin lesions.

Methods
The study collected 260 images of skin lesions caused by various skin infections, including 115 syphilis and 145 other infection types. 80% of the dataset was used for model development with 5-fold cross-validation, and the remaining 20% was used as a hold-out test set. The exact lesion region was manually segmented as Region of Interest (ROI) in each image with the help of two experts. 102 radiomics features were extracted from each ROI and fed into 11 different classifiers after deleting the redundant features using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Different image filters like Wavelet were investigated to improve the model performance. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used for evaluation, and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for model interpretation.

Results
Among the 11 classifiers, the Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT) with the wavelet filter applied on the images demonstrated the best performance, offering the stratified 5-fold cross-validation AUC of 0.832 ± 0.042 and accuracy of 0.735 ± 0.043. On the hold-out test dataset, the model shows an AUC and accuracy of 0.792 and 0.750, respectively. The SHAP analysis shows that the shape 2D sphericity was the most predictive radiomics feature for distinguishing early syphilis from other skin infections.

Conclusion
The proposed AI diagnostic model, built based on radiomics features and machine learning classifiers, achieved an accuracy of 75.0%, and demonstrated potential in distinguishing early syphilis from other skin lesions.