bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the setting of myeloid neoplasms: Diagnostic guide to challenging pathologic presentations
Authors: El Hussein Siba , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2023

SummaryIn this article, we describe three broad pathologic presentations of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) that may be encountered in clinical practice, in which an association between pDCs and myeloid neoplasms is identified: (1) myeloid neoplasms with mature pDC expansion, most commonly seen in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML); (2) myeloid neoplasms with pDC differentiation, in which pDCs show a spectrum of maturation from early immature pDCs to mature forms, most commonly seen in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); (3) myeloid neoplasms associated with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), either stemming from the same precursor or representing an independent clonal process. Additionally, we also discuss AML with pDC‐like phenotype, in which myeloblasts show immunophenotypic features that may mimic those seen in pDCs. Using these presentations, we provide a diagnostic algorithm for appropriate pathologic classification, while attempting to clarify and homogenize nomenclatures pertaining to different biologic states of pDCs.
Gaining consensus around patient risk groups and prognostic profiles to guide CMV management among patients with solid organ transplant: Insights from a Delphi panel with SOT experts
Authors: Pednekar Priti , Graf Marlon , Tuly Rifat , Batt Katharine , Wang Connie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to characterize patient risk groups and respective prognostic profiles to optimize clinical decision‐making and guide appropriate medical cytomegalovirus (CMV) management among patients with solid organ transplant (SOT).MethodsBetween September 2021 and February 2022, a three‐round modified Delphi study was conducted to generate consensus among 14 international experts in virology and organ transplantation. Experts were asked about treatment and prognoses for patients in seven distinct clinical scenarios. Furthermore, experts were asked to risk‐stratify patients by pre‐/post‐transplant characteristics. Consensus around opting for/against a treatment was observed if ≥75% or <25% of experts reported ≥50% likelihood to recommend or if treatments were ranked inside/outside the top two options and ≥75% of experts were within 1 standard deviation of the mean rank.ResultsExperts agreed on several unmet needs in CMV disease management post‐SOT, particularly avoidance of treatment‐limiting toxicities with conventional CMV therapy and emergence of both primary refractory and drug resistant treatment failures. Experts considered CMV viral load, resistance profile, and route of administration as critical to treatment selection. For newer CMV therapeutic options, experts listed lack of long‐term use data, concerns over potential resistance, high cost and limited availability as challenges restricting adoption, and successful patient management.ConclusionExperts achieved consensus around patient risk stratifications and factors influencing therapeutic options. Recommendations emerging from this Delphi study may support practicing physicians when confronted with challenging CMV scenarios in SOT patients, but additional experiences with newer anti‐CMV agents are needed to re‐validate expert consensus and update post‐transplant CMV guidelines.
Small‐scale genetic structure of coral populations in Palau based on whole mitochondrial genomes: Implications for future coral resilience
Authors: Palumbi Stephen R. , Walker Nia S. , Hanson Erik , Armstrong Katrina , Lippert Marilla , Cornwell Brendan , Nestor Victor , Golbuu Yimnang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ability of local populations to adapt to future climate conditions is facilitated by a balance between short range dispersal allowing local buildup of adaptively beneficial alleles, and longer dispersal moving these alleles throughout the species range. Reef building corals have relatively low dispersal larvae, but most population genetic studies show differentiation only over 100s of km. Here, we report full mitochondrial genome sequences from 284 tabletop corals (Acropora hyacinthus) from 39 patch reefs in Palau, and show two signals of genetic structure across reef scales from 1 to 55 km. First, divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes exist in different proportions from reef to reef, causing PhiST values of 0.02 (p = 0.02). Second, closely related sequences of mitochondrial Haplogroups are more likely to be co‐located on the same reefs than expected by chance alone. We also compared these sequences to prior data on 155 colonies from American Samoa. In these comparisons, many Haplogroups in Palau were disproportionately represented or absent in American Samoa, and inter‐regional PhiST = 0.259. However, we saw three instances of identical mitochondrial genomes between locations. Together, these data sets suggest two features of coral dispersal revealed by occurrence patterns in highly similar mitochondrial genomes. First, the Palau‐American Samoa data suggest that long distance dispersal in corals is rare, as expected, but that it is common enough to deliver identical mitochondrial genomes across the Pacific. Second, higher than expected co‐occurrence of Haplogroups on the same Palau reefs suggests greater retention of coral larvae on local reefs than predicted by many current oceanographic models of larval movement. Increased attention to local scales of coral genetic structure, dispersal, and selection may help increase the accuracy of models of future adaptation of corals and of assisted migration as a reef resilience intervention.
Melanocortin 1 receptor variants and their association with phenotypic characteristics and sporadic multiple primary melanomas in a cohort of 402 Spanish subjects
Authors: Vírseda‐González Daniel , Lázaro‐Ochaita Pablo , Ribas Despuig Gloria , Avilés‐Izquierdo Jose Antonio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is considered to be a major determinant of the risk of melanoma. The role of MC1R polymorphisms as predisposing factors for the development of a second primary melanoma is not well established. The present study analyses the characteristics from subjects with certain MC1R variants without any other genetic predisposition, as well as the risk of second primary melanoma associated with these variants. We performed a prospective longitudinal single‐centre study based on follow‐up information of 402 patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma. MC1R gene was sequenced in all subjects. High‐risk variants were defined as those previously associated with melanoma (V60L, V92M, I155T, R160W, R163Q and D294H). 253 (63%) patients had at least one predisposing variant. These individuals had higher proportion of red/blonde hair, multiple primary melanomas and first melanoma diagnosis under the age of 60. Second primary melanomas were detected in 28 (3.8%) subjects. Having more than 25 melanocytic nevi was associated significantly to the development of second primary melanomas. A higher proportion of individuals carrying at least one predisposing MC1R variant develop a second melanoma, although statistical significance was not reached. Therefore, some MC1R polymorphisms might determine clinical and histological differences between patients with cutaneous melanoma and may represent a risk factor for second primary melanoma, although more studies are needed.
Estimation of Groundwater and Spring Water Residence Times near the Coast of Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Yabusaki Shiho , Asai Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe massive Tohoku earthquake, colloquially known as “The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake,” occurred off the Pacific coast of Japan on March 11, 2011. The coastal area of the Tohoku region was severely affected by the tsunami, and the tsunami also caused severe damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) releasing a large amount of radioactive material into the atmosphere and environment. Determining the residence time of groundwater is important for evaluating how long radioactive materials are present after nuclear accidents such as FDNPP and multiple methods are needed to account for mixing between old/young water that can occur. The apparent residence times of spring water, groundwater, and artesian well water samples obtained during 2014 to 2018 from the northern coastal area of Fukushima Prefecture were estimated using tritium (3H), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations. The lowest 3H concentrations were within the background range (1‐5 TU) and were observed in artesian wells in Shinch, Soma and Minamisoma. The highest 3H concentrations (∼8‐15 TU) were observed near the FDNPP, and were probably affected by the accident following the 2011 earthquake. The average apparent residence time of spring water/shallow groundwater was 29 years based on the SF6 concentration and exponential mixing model, whereas that of artesian well water was 62 years based on the CFC‐12 concentration and piston flow model. Considering the relatively short apparent residence time of spring water/shallow groundwater, it is important to conduct continuous observations to understand the influence of the FDNPP accident.
Water dynamics of cover crops: No evidence for relevant water input through occult precipitation
Authors: Selzer Tabea , Schubert Sven 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRising temperatures and disruption of rainfall patterns due to climate change make water a limiting growth factor even in regions of temperate climates. Thus, producing ‘more crop per drop’ is of utmost importance. While cover crops provide many benefits to cropping systems, their influence on soil water is discussed controversially. While an increase in transpiration can lead to soil water depletion, the reduction of evaporation in combination with possible additional water inputs could provide a water benefit for a succeeding crop. Occult precipitation could be such an additional water input. The objective of this study was to quantify whether cover crops provide a net water benefit over a bare fallow due to the occurrence of occult precipitation. In a 2‐year experiment, seven different cover crops were cultivated in pure stands and as a mixture under semi‐controlled conditions in a container experiment. Water fluxes and meteorological conditions were closely monitored. Although favourable conditions occurred during both vegetation periods, we found no evidence of occult precipitation. In autumn, soil water was depleted by fast‐growing cover crops. In winter, soil water was recharged due to the early preparation of a mulch layer combined with high winter precipitation while in early spring rising temperatures increased transpiration losses of a winter‐hardy cover crop, leading to a reduction of soil water. For middle European conditions, this shows that (1) living cover crops do not provide any water benefits and that (2) soil water recharge in winter is highly dependent on meteorological conditions and cover crop management. From a water budget viewpoint, negative effects on a succeeding cash crop can only be prevented if cover crops are terminated early enough for replenishment of soil water.
Phaeogromids of the mesopelagic marine plankton: Temporal variability of concentrations and observations of feeding structures of four species from the mesopelagic in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Dolan John R. , Coppola Laurent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChallengerids, phaeogromids rhizarian protists, are emblematic protists of the deep sea but are also enigmatic as they occur in very low concentrations. In previous studies, we reported on temporal changes in abundance at a near‐shore mesopelagic site, but only as part of sampling of the entire microplankton assemblage, not well‐suited for examining phaeogromids. Consequently, we turned to using a closing plankton net to provide material from large volumes of seawater, thus allowing for more robust estimates of concentrations and material for observations of living cells, to our knowledge the first made. Here, we report our results on the four most commonly occurring species: Challengeranium diadon, Challengereron willemoesii, Challengeria xiphodon, and Euphysetta lucani. In contrast to our previous report, we found that changes in concentrations were not related to water column stratification, and the four species roughly co‐varied with time. Observations of live cells revealed that all four species deploy tentacle‐like pseudopods and also very large unstructured webs of fine pseudopods. The similarities in feeding webs suggest similar prey are exploited, and the similar temporal changes in abundances suggest a common factor or factors (unknown at this time) govern their concentrations. Films of live cells are provided in Supplementary Files.
Unravelling the life‐history patterns and habitat preferences of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in the Pearl River, China
Authors: Shuai Fangmin , Li Haiyan , Li Jie , Jiang Tao , Yang Jian , Yang Wanling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEels have fascinated biologists for centuries due to their amazing long‐distance migrations between freshwater habitats and very distant ocean spawning areas. The migratory life histories of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, in the waters of south China are not very clear despite its ecological importance, and the need for fishery regulation and management. In this study, strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) microchemical profiles of the otoliths of silver eels were measured by X‐ray electron probe microanalysis based on data collected from different habitats (including freshwater and brackish habitats), in the large subtropical Pearl River. The corresponding habitat preference characteristics were further analysed using redundancy analysis (RDA). A total of 195 Japanese eels were collected over 6 years. The collected individuals ranged from 180 to 771 mm in total length and from 8 to 612 g in body weight. Two‐dimensional pictures of the Sr:Ca concentrations in otoliths revealed that the A. japonica in the Pearl River are almost entirely river eels, spending the majority of their lives in fresh water without exposure to salt water, while the catadromous migration time has delayed about 1 month in the Pearl River estuary in the past 20 years. RDA analysis further indicated that juveniles and adults preferred water with high salinity and high tide levels. Youth preferred habitats with high river fractals. Our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence showing that the eels are extremely scarce currently and conservation measures against them are imminent, including the protection of brackish and freshwater areas where they live in south China.
Biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in adult female acne
Authors: Meena Amit Kumar , Mendiratta Vibhu , Goyal Rajeev , Bisherwal Kavita , Yadav Vidya , Prasadh Vivin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of adult patients with acne is increasing and women comprise majority of the cases. There is lack of data on biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in adult female acne (AFA).AimsTo evaluate biochemical and hormonal parameters in 60 patients of AFA.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study conducted from November 2018 to March 2020 in Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Adult females (age > 25 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acne were included in the study.Results60 cases of AFA were included. The age ranged between 26–41 years with mean age at presentation being 29.45 years. 53.3% patients had persistent acne while 46.7% had late‐onset acne. 50% patients had history of premenstrual flare‐up of their acne. Raised FBG was found in 25% patients. 10% had raised serum insulin levels. HOMA‐IR index was deranged in 55% patients. At least one lipid alteration was reported in 91.6% of patients. In hormonal parameters, raised TT was present in 6.7%, LH in 3.3%, FSH in 18.3%, prolactin in 3.3%, and TSH in 15%. No association was found between acne severity and biochemical and hormonal parameters.ConclusionsOur study highlighted the importance of measuring lipid profile in AFA and calculating HOMA‐IR index for measuring insulin resistance rather than simply measuring serum insulin levels. In our study, additional parameter deranged in significant number of patients was FBG. Hence, we recommend routine screening of lipid profile, FBG and calculation of HOMA‐IR index in AFA.
Interpretable machine learning learns complex interactions of urban features to understand socio‐economic inequality
Authors: Fan Chao , Xu Jeffrey , Natarajan Barane Yoga , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInequality in cities is a phenomenon arising from the complex interactions among urban systems and population activities. Conventional statistics and mathematical models like multiple regression models require assumptions of feature interactions with specified mathematical forms that may fail to fully capture complex interactions of heterogeneous urban components, creating challenges in systematically assessing socio‐economic inequality in cities. To overcome the limitations of these conventional mathematical models, in this work, we propose an interpretable machine learning model to capture the complex interactions of urban variables and the main interaction effects on socio‐economic statuses. We extract urban features from high‐resolution anonymized mobile phone data with billions of activity records related to people and facilities in 47 US metropolitan areas and predict the attributes of urban areas from six income and race groups. We show that socio‐economic inequality in cities can be effectively measured by the predictability of trained machine learning models in controlled experiments. We also examine the tradeoff between spatial resolution, sample size, and model accuracy; test the presence of influential features; and measure the transferability of the trained models to identify the optimal values for controlled factors. The results show that metropolitan areas share similar patterns of inequality, which could be moderated by improved polycentric facility distribution and road density. The generality of associated factors and transferability of machine learning models can help bridge data gaps between cities and inform about inequality alleviation strategies. Despite similarities, 50% to 90% of variations among cities are still present, which shows the need for localized policies for inequality alleviation and mitigation. Our study shows that machine learning models could be an effective approach to examine inequality, which opens avenues for more data‐centric and complexity‐informed planning, design, policymaking, and engineering toward equitable cities.
Changes in phenology can alter patterns of natural selection: the joint evolution of germination time and postgermination traits
Authors: D'Aguillo Michelle , Donohue Kathleen 
Published: January 2023

Summary

The timing of a developmental transition (phenology) can influence the environment experienced by subsequent life stages. When phenology causes an organism to occupy a particular habitat as a consequence of the developmental cues used, it can act as a form of habitat tracking. Evolutionary theory predicts that habitat tracking can alter the strength, direction, and mode of natural selection on subsequently expressed traits.

To test whether germination phenology altered natural selection on postgermination traits, we manipulated germination time by planting seedlings in seven germination cohorts spanning 2 yr. We measured selection on postgermination traits relating to drought, freezing, and heat tolerance using a diverse combination of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and naturally occurring ecotypes.

Germination cohorts experienced variable selection: when dry, cold, and hot environments were experienced by seedlings, selection was intensified for drought, freezing, and heat tolerance, respectively. Reciprocally, postgermination traits modified the optimal germination time; genotypes had maximum fitness after germinating in environments that matched their physiological tolerances.

Our results support the theoretical predictions of feedbacks between habitat tracking and traits expressed after habitat selection. In natural populations, whether phenological shifts alter selection on subsequently expressed traits will depend on the effectiveness of habitat tracking through phenology.
On fairness and efficiency in nonprofit operations: Dynamic resource allocations
Authors: Ma Yuanzheng , Wang Tong , Zheng Huan 
Published: January 2023

We study a sequential resource allocation problem balancing fairness and efficiency for nonprofit operations. (Un)fairness is measured by the expected maximum demand shortfall among all communities, and (in)efficiency is measured by the expected remaining resources after allocation. We characterize the optimal allocation policy as a two‐threshold policy in which the optimal allocation quantities are spoon‐shaped in terms of the current maximum demand shortfall. We further show that the thresholds and optimal allocation quantity for each community are nondecreasing in resource levels, realized demand from the current community, and weight of the efficiency objective. Based on these results, we propose a simple heuristic policy and numerically show that it performs well and generates fair allocations in a stochastic majorization order. The numerical results show that adding a small weight to the fairness objective significantly improves the system's fairness at a small efficiency cost. Moreover, the optimal initial capacity level is increasing (decreasing) in demand variance if the efficiency weight is small (large). Our theoretical analysis can be extended to the fill rate–based fairness metric.
On the categorical entropy of the Frobenius pushforward functor
Authors: Matsui Hiroki , Takahashi Ryo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Frobenius pushforward endofunctor of the bounded derived category of finitely generated modules over an ‐finite noetherian local ring. We completely determine the categorical entropy of in the sense of Dimitrov, Haiden, Katzarkov, and Kontsevich.