bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of body mass index on markers of vascular health in normotensive women with history of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Heidema W. H. , Van Drongelen J. , Spaanderman M. E. A. , Scholten R. R. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveObesity and pre‐eclampsia (PE) are both associated with vascular dysfunction, which translates into an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an interaction between body mass index (BMI) and a history of PE in their effects on vascular health.MethodsThis was an observational case–control study of 30 women with a history of PE who were compared with 31 age‐ and BMI‐matched controls who had an uncomplicated pregnancy. Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and carotid distensibility (CD) were measured 6–12 months postpartum. To evaluate the impact of physical fitness, maximum oxygen uptake capacity was assessed using a standardized maximum exhaustion cycling test using breath‐by‐breath analysis. To specify further BMI subgroups, metabolic syndrome constituents were assessed in all individuals.ResultsFormerly pre‐eclamptic women had significantly lower FMD (5.1 ± 2.1% vs 9.4 ± 3.4%; P < 0.01), higher cIMT (0.59 ± 0.09 vs 0.49 ± 0.07 µm; P < 0.01) and lower CD (1.54 ± 0.37%/10 mmHg vs 1.80 ± 0.39%/10 mmHg; P < 0.01) compared with controls. In our study, population BMI correlated negatively with FMD (P = 0.04) but not with cIMT or CD. BMI and PE did not exhibit an interaction effect on these vascular parameters. Physical fitness was lower in women with a history of PE and in women with higher BMI. Constituents of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐ir), triglyceride, microalbuminuria and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were significantly higher in formerly pre‐eclamptic women. BMI affected glucose metabolism but not lipids or blood pressure. BMI and PE positively interacted in their effect on insulin (P = 0.04) and HOMA‐ir (P = 0.02).ConclusionsBoth BMI and a history of PE have negative effects on endothelial function, insulin resistance and physical fitness. In formerly pre‐eclamptic women, the effect of BMI on insulin resistance was particularly high, suggesting a synergistic effect. Additionally, independently of BMI, a history of PE was associated with reduced FMD and CD and increased cIMT and blood pressure. Recognizing the cardiovascular risk profile is important for informing patients and encouraging targeted lifestyle modifications. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Ethical issues when using digital biomarkers and artificial intelligence for the early detection of dementia
Authors: Ford Elizabeth , Milne Richard , Curlewis Keegan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDementia poses a growing challenge for health services but remains stigmatized and under‐recognized. Digital technologies to aid the earlier detection of dementia are approaching market. These include traditional cognitive screening tools presented on mobile devices, smartphone native applications, passive data collection from wearable, in‐home and in‐car sensors, as well as machine learning techniques applied to clinic and imaging data. It has been suggested that earlier detection and diagnosis may help patients plan for their future, achieve a better quality of life, and access clinical trials and possible future disease modifying treatments. In this review, we explore whether digital tools for the early detection of dementia can or should be deployed, by assessing them against the principles of ethical screening programs. We conclude that while the importance of dementia as a health problem is unquestionable, significant challenges remain. There is no available treatment which improves the prognosis of diagnosed disease. Progression from early‐stage disease to dementia is neither given nor currently predictable. Available technologies are generally not both minimally invasive and highly accurate. Digital deployment risks exacerbating health inequalities due to biased training data and inequity in digital access. Finally, the acceptability of early dementia detection is not established, and resources would be needed to ensure follow‐up and support for those flagged by any new system. We conclude that early dementia detection deployed at scale via digital technologies does not meet standards for a screening program and we offer recommendations for moving toward an ethical mode of implementation.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Health Care
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Ethical Considerations
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Application of Material Flow Analysis: Mapping Plastics Within the Fishing Sector in Norway
Authors: Deshpande Paritosh C. , Tippett Arron W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlastic in our marine environment is now ubiquitous. Abandoned lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) is of particular concern due to its ability to continue to function as a trap for marine organisms. In order for decision makers to act on this grave issue, we require data on the flow of ALDFG into the marine environment. One key tool for revealing the flow of material within a specific system is Material Flow Analysis (MFA). MFA takes a life cycle approach (cradle to grave) to assess energy or material flows in a system within space and time boundaries. It can be applied at multiple levels from the industrial process level to the national level. This chapter presents a case study of an MFA conducted on fishing gear in Norway. The MFA methodology was used in this case study to assess the flow of plastic fishing gear from production through to recycling, final disposal or loss to the marine environment. Data was collected for the MFA through stakeholder interviews, literature reviews and analysis of government data sets. The MFA revealed that around 4000 tons of plastic fishing gear enters the system in Norway and around 400 tons enter the marine environment each year. An analysis of the implications of the MFA for the key actors within the life cycle chain of fishing gear is presented and a short description of the links between MFA and the circular economy and sustainable development is provided. Furthermore, the relevance and implications of using MFA tool for policy making at national and regional level is discussed and elaborated while associated challenges are presented here.
A Transportation Planning Decision Support System
Authors: Aspen Dina Margrethe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, the CapSEM toolbox is explored, applied, and evaluated in the context of transportation planning and policy-making. Transportation system elements are analyzed across all four CapSEM levels to identify relevant tools to utilize in decision support systems to address sustainability in the sector. The toolbox is applied to a strategic transportation planning case study. The application demonstrates how the framework may be used to structure and stack models across system and performance levels to handle transportation modeling and stakeholder complexity.
First Steps Towards Sustainable Waste Management
Authors: Solevåg Øystein Peder 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWaste management started off as a public health issue. Today, the waste business is an important force in developing sustainable development and circular economy. New policies and regulations represent an opportunity for circularity, but there is still a long way to go in achieving a truly circular economy. The Circularity Gap Report 2020 indicated that the global economy is only 8,6 % circular. Industrial ecology and material flow analysis are important tools, not only for developing local and regional waste solutions, but also in the development of new global circular business models. In the Ålesund region, new sorting measures have increased recycling, from 32 % in 2017 to 45 % in 2019. New measures will be needed to reach national targets set for 2025. As the current global use of resources is unsustainable, and as current waste business models are insufficient to achieve circular economy, the next decade is likely to experience a rapid innovation of new business models challenging traditional waste management companies. This chapter presents data collected during a case study conducted in 2020.
Sustainable Development Goals and the CapSEM Model
Authors: Fet Annik Magerholm , Knudson Haley , Keitsch Martina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the links between Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the CapSEM Model. It suggests placing these SDGs along the four Levels of the model to serve as a starting point for organizations’ engagement with the goals and their objectives. The location of SDGs in the nested system perspective or ‘wedding cake model’ according to Griggs et al. (Nature 495:305–307, 2013) and later Rockström and Sukhdev (New way of viewing the sustainable development goals and how they are all linked to food. Stockholm Resilience Centre/Stockholm University, 2016) situates the economic system within the societal system, which is situated within the system of the biosphere and helps to conceptualize the interconnections between SDGs and the dimensions of sustainability. Taking a similar systems thinking approach, the CapSEM Model situates sustainability and environmental management methods and tools within the systems of business operation and production. Extending and merging these two perspectives, the SDGs are placed along the CapSEM Model to provide a point of engagement for organizations to align their activities with SDG objectives.
Cystitis glandularis en pelvic lipomatosis
Authors: Oude Elferink Puck 
Published: February 2023

SamenvattingCystitis glandularis is een benigne aandoening van de blaas waarbij de mucosa proliferatieve veranderingen ondergaat ten gevolge van inflammatoire of irritatieve factoren en die is geassocieerd met obstructieve mictie. Cystitis glandularis wordt vaker gezien in de aanwezigheid van blaascarcinomen, maar of het als premaligne aandoening beschouwd moet worden, is niet duidelijk. Deze vorm van cystitis wordt ook gezien bij 40% van patiënten met pelvic lipomatosis. Er is nog veel onduidelijk over deze zeldzame aandoening, maar het is bekend dat pelvic lipomatosis een risico geeft op obstructieve uropathie met hydronefrose en nierinsufficiëntie. Daarom is het belangrijk dat urologen deze aandoening tijdig (her)kennen en patiënten met deze diagnose opvolgen.
COVID-19 and Dispute Resolution in China: Trends in Arbitration and Litigation
Authors: Huang Kai-Shen , Shen Enhui , Prusinowska Monika , Ma Ji , Łągiewska Magdalena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping the landscape of Chinese dispute resolution. The aim of this article is to outline China's various approaches to such development in times of global pandemic. The article primarily examines the features of online arbitration in China with a special focus on the significance of party autonomy and the authority of the tribunal in handling virtual hearings. This trend prompts the question as to whether virtual hearings and the use of digital technology ensure the protection of data and privacy. Further, the article analyses the impacts of online dispute resolution on litigation and different sets of new rules adopted in China to handle online hearings. It concludes that China successfully addressed most of the raised questions in terms of data and privacy protection, and that the processes through which dispute resolution becomes increasingly digitalised seems to be an irreversible trend that warrants further research into its consequences.
Maturity in enterprise data warehouses for research operations: Analysis of a pilot study
Authors: Knosp Boyd M. , Dorr David A. , Campion Thomas R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Enterprise data warehouses for research (EDW4R) is a critical component of National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs. EDW4R operations have unique needs that require specialized skills and collaborations across multiple domains which limit the ability to apply existing models of information technology (IT) performance. Because of this uniqueness, we developed a new EDW4R maturity model based on prior qualitative study of operational practices for supporting EDW4Rs at CTSA hubs. In a pilot study, respondents from fifteen CTSA hubs completed the novel EDW4R maturity index survey by rating 33 maturity statements across 6 categories using a 5-point Likert scale. Of the six categories, respondents rated workforce as most mature (4.17 [3.67–4.42]) and relationship with enterprise IT as the least mature (3.00 [2.80–3.80]). Our pilot of a novel maturity index shows a baseline quantitative measure of EDW4R functions across fifteen CTSA hubs. The maturity index may be useful to faculty and staff currently leading an EDW4R by creating opportunities to explore the index in local context and comparison to other institutions.
Super Bowl LVI: Coordinating the Joint Information Center
Authors: Cadet Janine , Sutherlin Soraya , Burke Rita V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective:
The Super Bowl is one of the biggest annual sporting events that creates unique challenges for public health preparedness. The objective of this brief is to discuss the successes and challenges of the Joint Information Center (JIC) during Super Bowl LVI.

Methods:
This study analyzed the JIC within 4 realms: pre-activation planning, public safety and alert messaging, communication, and credentialing and access.

Results:
Pre-activation planning was not attended by all agencies, which made it difficult for effective communication during the activation period. Innovative platforms and social media themes were successfully deployed to enhance inter-operational communications and public safety messaging. Lastly, delayed credentialing and access to the Super Bowl Stadium decreased the ability to have context to safety preparedness.

Conclusions:
This study recommends that many of the JIC’s successes should be translated to future mass-gathering events. Additionally, we urge that all agencies participate during pre-activation and activation periods to enhance safety operations and communications moving forward.
Investigation of a Mycobacterium fortuitum catheter-related bloodstream infection in an oncology unit
Authors: Faury Hélène B. , Awad Zeina , Jolivet Sarah , Le Neindre Killian , Couturier Jeanne , Godmer Alexandre , Colle Raphaël , Levi Laura I. , Cambau Emmanuelle , Barbut Frédéric 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe describe a case of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the same strain was isolated from the shared shower water of the unit. Nontuberculous mycobacteria frequently contaminate hospital water networks. Preventative actions are needed to reduce the exposure risk for immunocompromised patients.
Causation or correlation: the chimera in section 11 of the Insurance Act 2015
Authors: Song Meixian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrior to the Insurance Act 2015, an insurer could refuse payment by relying on terms unrelated to the manner in which the loss occurred, or with the assured's default. Section 11 of the Insurance Act 2015 reverses that and requires ‘the punishment to fit the crime’ by introducing a ‘could have increased the risk’ test, which is said to be a requirement for correlation between an assured's non-compliance with a risk clause and the actual occurrence of the loss. The new test effectively raises more profound causation issues from a practical point of view as regards insurance recoveries and also from a theoretical point of view of causation in the law. It is submitted that the test ‘could have increased the risk’ introduced by section 11 of the Insurance Act 2015 should be interpreted by an approach to recognising a nexus –a general causal relevance(general causation) – and adoptinginterpretationas a restricting tool, to achieve alignment with the legislative intent. In presenting this argument, this paper explores the difference between correlation and causation in the law, expounding a wider understanding of legal causation than causa proxima in the insurance context.
Ankylosaurian body armor function and evolution with insights from osteohistology and morphometrics of new specimens from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica
Authors: Brum Arthur S. , Eleutério Lúcia H. S. , Simões Tiago R. , Whitney Megan R. , Souza Geovane A. , Sayão Juliana M. , Kellner Alexander W. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe body armor of ankylosaurians is a unique morphological feature among dinosaurs. While ankylosaurian body armor has been studied for decades, paleohistological analyses have only started to uncover the details of its function. Yet there has been an overall bias toward sampling ankylosaurian remains from the Northern Hemisphere, with limited quantitative studies on the morphological and functional evolution of the osteoderms composing their body armor. Here, we describe new ankylosaurian materials recovered from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica that, in combination with data compiled from the literature, reveal new insights into the evolution of the ankylosaurian body armor. Based on histological microstructure and phylogenetic results, the new Antarctic material can be assigned to Nodosauridae. This group shares the absence/poor development of their osteodermal basal cortex and highly ordered sets of orthogonal structural fibers in the superficial cortex. Our morphospace analyses indicate that large morphological diversity is observed among both nodosaurids and ankylosaurids, but osteoderms became more functionally specialized in late-diverging nodosaurids. Besides acting as effective protection against predation, osteoderms also exhibit highly ordered structural fibers in nodosaurids, enabling a decrease in cortical bone thickness (as in titanosaurs), which could have been co-opted for secondary functions, such as calcium remobilization for physiological balance. The latter may have played a key role in nodosaurid colonization of high-latitude environments, such as Antarctica and the Arctic Circle.
Milliarcsecond structures of variable-peaked spectrum sources
Authors: Ross K. , Reynolds C. , Seymour N. , Callingham J. R. , Hurley-Walker N. , Bignall H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpectral variability offers a new technique to identify small scale structures from scintillation, as well as determining the absorption mechanism for peaked-spectrum (PS) radio sources. In this paper, we present very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging using the long baseline array (LBA) of two PS sources, MRC 0225–065 and PMN J0322–4820, identified as spectrally variable from observations with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). We compare expected milliarcsecond structures based on the detected spectral variability with direct LBA imaging. We find MRC 0225–065 is resolved into three components, a bright core and two fainter lobes, roughly 430 pc projected separation. A comprehensive analysis of the magnetic field, host galaxy properties, and spectral analysis implies that MRC 0225–065 is a young radio source with recent jet activity over the last$10^2$–$10^3$yr. We find PMN J0322–4820 is unresolved on milliarcsecond scales. We conclude PMN J0322–4820 is a blazar with flaring activity detected in 2014 with the MWA. We use spectral variability to predict morphology and find these predictions consistent with the structures revealed by our LBA images.
Immunology and Population Health: Collaboration without Convergence
Authors: Fagan Melinda Bonnie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImmunology is a notoriously complex field with distinct concepts and terminology. Yet immunologists regularly and effectively collaborate with other researchers, notably clinicians and experts in population health. How does such “collaboration without convergence” work? This paper offers an answer. Immunology exhibits three features that support collaboration in the absence of major consensus on theories, methods, or concepts. These are a multifaceted target of inquiry, therapeutic aspirations, and a clear interdisciplinary pathway. Building on these features, I sketch a general account of “low-effort interdisciplinarity” and connect this result to recent work on population health.
What Can Volatility Smiles Tell Us About the Too Big to Fail Problem?
Authors: Ngo Phong T. H. , Puente-Moncayo Diego L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe exploit the information content of option prices to construct a novel measure of bank tail risk. We document a persistent increase in tail risk for the U.S. banking industry following the global financial crisis, except for banks designated as systemically important by the Dodd–Frank Act. We show that this post-crisis difference in tail risk for large and small banks is consistent with the too-big-to-fail (TBTF) status of large banks being reinforced by the Dodd–Frank designation: Naming the banks whose failure could threaten the financial stability of the U.S. gave investors a list of banks the government deemed as TBTF.
Taiwanese DNA versus Chinese DNA: Genetic science and identity politics across the Taiwan Straits
Authors: Cheng Yinghong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe article analyses how population genetics has impacted on nationalist discourses across the Taiwan Straits and affected the relationship between Taiwan and China since the 1990s. In Taiwan this cutting-edge science has helped to construct a native-based and Taiwan-centred national identity through promoting indigenous peoples’ rights, rejecting a blood-based, cross-Straits nationalism, and founding a pan-Pacific indigenous peoples’ community through genetic links and cultural affinity. In China, after subverting the nationalist myth of Peking Man (a Homo erectus group believed to be the common ancestor of the Chinese) by analysing genetic data, the same group of Chinese genetic scientists have constructed another nationalist myth of a genetically homogenous nationhood. Such a discourse not only valorizes Chinese nationalism through claiming a DNA-based Chineseness across ethnic distinctions but also asserts genetic links between China and Taiwan, therefore providing a ‘scientific’ basis for China’s nationalism in the new century.