bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A left paraduodenal hernia causing bowel obstruction: a case report
Authors: Sah Raju , Rawal Sushil B , Malla Srijan , Rayamajhi Jyoti , Bhat Pawan S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Paraduodenal hernias (PDHs) are rare congenital internal hernias, constituting 50% of internal hernias and 0.2%–0.9% of small bowel obstructions. Left PDHs are more common and arise from midgut malrotation during embryonic development. We present the case of a 59-year-old male with acute small bowel obstruction caused by a left PDH. Imaging revealed clustered small bowel loops in the left upper quadrant, a hallmark of left PDH. Diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed the condition but was converted to open surgery due to dense adhesions. The herniated loops, initially edematous, were viable after reduction and warm compression. The hernia orifice was closed with non-absorbable sutures. Early diagnosis using imaging, particularly CT, is crucial, with findings such as clustered bowel loops, displaced structures, and engorged mesenteric vessels converging at the hernia orifice. Surgical intervention is the definitive treatment, highlighting the importance of prompt recognition to prevent complications and ensure favorable outcomes.
Selective penile artery angioembolization for high flow priapism – a step-by-step overview for the non-radiologist
Authors: Bretzman John P , Ziegelmann Matthew J , Reisenauer Chris J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Selective angioembolization for high flow priapism (Step-by-step guide).

Aim
Describe the indications and techniques of angioembolization for high flow priapism.

Methods
We outline patient selection, preparation, technique, outcomes, and potential complications of angioembolization for high flow priapism as supported by the literature.

Main outcome measure
The effectiveness of embolization for treating high flow priapism.

Results
Transarterial embolization is minimally invasive, low risk, and effective method from managing high flow priapism. Success rates range from 70% to 87% depending on the type of agent used for embolization. Side effects include erectile dysfunction with a reported rate of 7%-19%. Complications may be mitigated by embolizing as selectively as possible and using temporary embolic agents.

Conclusion
Embolization is a safe and effective treatment for nonischemic, high flow priapism in patients who have not responded to conservative management.
In-silico study of molecular adaptations in halophilic Cas9
Authors: Debnath Anisha , Sengupta Aveepsa , Rudrapal Sujata , Kumar Ashutosh , Rani Mamta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the structural adaptations of the CRISPR–Cas9 system in halophilic bacteria, focusing on Cas9 protein of halophilic bacterium Salicibibacter cibi. Protein sequences were analyzed using different tools such as ExPASy ProtParam for different physicochemical properties, Predictor of Natural Disordered Regions web server for disordered regions, and InterPro server and WebLogo for domains. Protein structures were generated using the AlphaFold database, and the quality of the modelled structure was checked through PROCHECK. The protein surface’s amino acids and electrostatic potential were visualized using PyMOL, APBS server, and UCSF chimera. Comparative analysis revealed that halophilic Cas9 proteins possess a higher abundance of acidic residues, resulting in enhanced stability and hydration in saline conditions; halophilic Cas9 proteins also shows higher intrinsically disordered regions. Electrostatic potential maps confirmed that S. cibi Cas9 proteins maintain a highly negative surface charge, crucial for adaptation to salt-rich environments. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms driving the structural and functional adaptations of Cas9 in salty environment, highlighting its potential applications in genome editing-based biotechnological approaches in extreme conditions.
The JWST EXCELS survey: tracing the chemical enrichment pathways of high-redshift star-forming galaxies with O, Ar, and Ne abundances
Authors: Stanton T M , Cullen F , Carnall A C , Scholte D , Arellano-Córdova K Z , McLeod D J , Begley R , Donnan C T , Dunlop J S , Hamadouche M L , McLure R J , Shapley A E , Bondestam C , Stevenson S 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of eight star-forming galaxies with $\langle z \rangle = 4.0$ from the JWST Early eXtragalactic Continuum and Emission Line Survey for which we obtain robust chemical abundance estimates for the $\alpha$-elements O, Ne, and Ar. The $\alpha$-elements are primarily produced via core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) which should result in $\alpha$-element abundance ratios that do not vary significantly across cosmic time. However, Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) models predict an excess production of Ar relative to O and Ne. The ${\rm Ar/O}$ abundance ratio can therefore be used as a tracer of the relative enrichment of CCSNe and SNe Ia in galaxies. Our sample significantly increases the number of sources with measurements of ${\rm O/Ar}$ at $z \gt 2$, and we find that our sample exhibits subsolar Ar/O ratios on average, with $\rm {Ar/O} = 0.65 \pm 0.10 \, (\rm {Ar/O})_{\odot }$. In contrast, the average Ne/O abundance is fully consistent with the solar ratio, with $\rm {Ne/O} = 1.07 \pm 0.12 \, (\rm {Ne/O})_{\odot }$. Our results support a scenario in which Ar has not had time to build up in the interstellar medium of young high-redshift galaxies, which are dominated by CCSNe enrichment. We show that these abundance estimates are in good agreement with recent Milky Way chemical evolution models, and with Ar/O trends observed for planetary nebulae in the Andromeda galaxy. These results highlight the potential for using multiple element abundance ratios to constrain the chemical enrichment pathways of early galaxies with JWST.
Biases in galaxy spectral analysis from strong lensing differential magnification effect and correction methods
Authors: Xu Wenshuo , Xu Dandan , Er Xinzhong , Ge Junqiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing has significantly advanced the study of high-redshift galaxies, but the differential magnification effect inevitably introduces biases in the spectral analysis of source galaxies. This work investigates these biases using mock lensing systems from MaNGA survey data and IllustrisTNG simulations. We analyze the impact of lensing effect on several spectral properties, including stellar age, metallicity, Hα flux, and optical emission line ratios. Our results show significant biases in all properties after lensing. The values of quantities can be either over- or under-estimated, except for the consistently enhanced Hα flux. The bias varies with lensing configurations and always arises when part of the source galaxy falls into the strong lensing regime. We evaluate two correction methods to recover the intrinsic source properties: the average magnification factor ($\bar{\mu }$) and full ray-tracing. While both methods reduce the overestimated Hα flux, the $\bar{\mu }$ method shows a much larger discrepancy. For stellar population properties and emission line ratios, the $\bar{\mu }$ method fails whereas the ray-tracing method proves effective. Applying these two methods to a statistical sample of mock systems further shows their strong dependence on lens modeling accuracy. As a demonstrative study, our results highlight the importance of spatially resolved spectroscopic observations and precise lens modeling for reconstructing spectra of strongly lensed galaxies. While our conclusions are based on a specific source and lens galaxy, further studies with a statistical sample of realistic mock lensing systems are needed for understanding any systematic differences between the two correction methods.
Mitigating baryon feedback bias in cosmic shear through a theoretical error covariance in the matter power spectrum
Authors: Maraio Alessandro , Hall Alex , Taylor Andy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Forthcoming cosmic shear surveys will make precise measurements of the matter density field down to very small scales, scales which are dominated by baryon feedback. The modelling of baryon feedback is crucial to ensure unbiased cosmological parameter constraints; the most efficient approach is to use analytic models, but these are limited by how well they can capture the physics of baryon feedback. We investigate the fitting and residual errors of various baryon feedback models to a suite of hydrodynamic simulations, and propagate these to cosmological parameter constraints for cosmic shear. We present an alternative formalism to binary scale-cuts through the use of a theoretical error covariance, which is a well-motivated alternative using errors in the power spectrum modelling itself. We depart from previous works by modelling baryonic feedback errors directly in the matter power spectrum, which is the natural basis to do so and thus preserves information in the lensing kernels. When including angular multipoles up to $\ell _{\mathrm{max}}= 5000$, and assuming Euclid-like survey properties, we find that even multiparameter models of baryon feedback can introduce significant levels of bias. In contrast, our theoretical error reduces the bias in $\Omega _{\mathrm{m}}$ and $S_{8}$ to acceptable levels, with only a modest increase in parameter variances. The theoretical error approach bypasses the need to directly determine the per-bin $\ell _{\mathrm{max}}$ values, as it naturally suppresses the biassing small-scale information. We also present a detailed study of how flexible HMCode-2020, a widely used non-linear and baryonic feedback model, is at fitting a range of hydrodynamical simulations.
Positive Selection on Mammalian Immune Genes—Effects of Gene Function and Selective Constraint
Authors: Nandakumar Mridula , Lundberg Max , Carlsson Fredric , Råberg Lars 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Genome-wide analyses of various taxa have repeatedly shown that immune genes are important targets of positive selection. However, little is known about what factors determine which immune genes are under positive selection. To address this question, we here focus on the mammalian immune system and investigate the importance of gene function and other factors such as gene expression, protein–protein interactions, and overall selective constraint as determinants of positive selection. We compiled a list of &gt;1,100 immune genes that were divided into six functional categories and analyzed using data from rodents. Genes encoding proteins that are in direct interactions with pathogens, such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), are often expected to be key targets of positive selection. We found that categories containing cytokines, cytokine receptors, and other cell surface proteins involved in, for example, cell–cell interactions were at least as important targets as PRRs, with three times higher rate of positive selection than nonimmune genes. The higher rate of positive selection on cytokines and cell surface proteins was partly an effect of these categories having lower selective constraint. Nonetheless, cytokines had a higher rate of positive selection than nonimmune genes even at a given level of selective constraint, indicating that gene function per se can also be a determinant of positive selection. These results have broad implications for understanding the causes of positive selection on immune genes, specifically the relative importance of host–pathogen coevolution versus other processes.
Spreading the Word
Authors: Buchler Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This essay contemplates how we can expand the widespread public perception—especially among young people—of what music theory and music analysis entail. Our conferences and journals have been home to increasingly diverse analytical methodologies and repertoires, examining a wide breadth musical styles, genres, and cultures. But stereotypes are persistent things, and many young musicians still harbor notions that music theory is (a) rule based; and (b) based upon strictly classical, European, and old music. The growing body of public music theory articles, videos, and podcasts reflect a widely varied field that is open to anyone who wants to better understand music—any music. So how can we help pre-college teachers and students locate, read, view, and listen to these important materials?
A phase II study of ramucirumab and somatostatin analog therapy in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Perez Kimberly , Kulke Matthew H , Zheng Hui , Allen Jill , Clark Jeffrey , Enzinger Andrea C , Enzinger Peter C , Johnson Bruce E , McCleary Nadine J , Parikh Aparna , Patel Anuj , Rubinson Douglas , Yurgelun Matthew B , Ramsey Kaitlyn , Johnson Emma , Graham Christopher , Chan Jennifer A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are highly vascular tumors characterized by their expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This trial investigated the activity of ramucirumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and inhibits activity of VEGF, in combination with somatostatin analog therapy in patients (pts) with advanced extra-pancreatic NET.

Methods
We conducted a single-arm phase II trial enrolling pts with advanced, progressive extra-pancreatic NET. Patients were treated with ramucirumab 8 mg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints toxicity, radiographic and biochemical tumor response rate, and overall survival (OS).

Results
The trial enrolled 43 patients. Primary tumor sites included small intestine 20 (46%), lung 10 (23%), thymus 3 (7%), rectum 1(2%), kidney 1(2%), and unknown primary 8(18%). Median PFS was 14.2 months (95% CI, 9.0-25.6 months), and median OS was 24.9 months (95% CI, 20.7-43.1 months). Best response by RECIST 1.1: partial response 5% (95% CI, 0.6%-15.8%). Chromogranin A levels dropped by at least 50% in 10% of the 37 patients who had elevated levels at baseline. Most common all-grade adverse events included fatigue (84%) and hypertension (84%).

Conclusion
Ramucirumab demonstrated efficacy and safety in this single-arm phase II trial. These findings support the continued evaluation of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of NET.

Clinical trial registration
NCT02795858.
Association between Physical Therapists’ Attitudes and Beliefs and the Functional Outcomes of Patients with Low Back Pain: A Multilevel Analysis Study
Authors: Nudelman Yaniv , Pincus Tamar , Ami Noa Ben 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association of physical therapists’ attitudes and beliefs about low back pain treatment outcomes within a publicly funded health care system.

Methods
Data from a national outpatient physical therapist service provider were analyzed. Functional status data were collected at intake and discharge. The Attitudes to Back Pain Scale in Musculoskeletal Practitioners Questionnaire was used to assess physical therapists’ attitudes. Multilevel regression models were employed to examine the effects of physical therapists’ attitudes while controlling for patient and physical therapist characteristics.

Results
The study included 68 physical therapists and 1043 patients. The physical therapist level explained a small portion of the variance in patients’ function (2%–4%). A more biomedically oriented attitude was associated with a slightly lower patient function level (β = −.08), but patient characteristics largely influenced this effect. Other attitude factors were not significantly associated with function. Sensitivity analyses aligned with the main findings.

Conclusions
The study suggests that physical therapists’ attitudes have a limited impact on low back pain treatment outcomes within a publicly funded health care system. While a more biomedically oriented attitude was associated with slight negative effects, the clinical relevance is questionable. Further research in diverse settings is needed to validate and contextualize these findings. The study underscores the importance of considering patient-level factors and health care system context in interpreting practitioner effects on treatment outcomes.

Impact
Patient characteristics are more significant in explaining functional outcomes than physical therapists’ characteristics and attitudes. A marginally small association was observed, indicating that a more biomedically oriented attitude among physical therapists was linked to slightly lower patient functioning. Despite the observed association, the clinical relevance of physical therapists’ attitudes in low back pain treatment outcomes remains modest.
“Something Works” in U.S. Jails: Misconduct and Recidivism Effects of the IGNITE Program
Authors: Alsan Marcella , Barnett Arkey , Hull Peter , Yang Crystal S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A longstanding and influential view in U.S. correctional policy is that “nothing works” when it comes to rehabilitating incarcerated individuals. We revisit this hypothesis by studying an innovative law-enforcement-led program launched in the county jail of Flint, Michigan: Inmate Growth Naturally and Intentionally Through Education (IGNITE). We develop an instrumental variable approach to estimate the effects of IGNITE exposure, leveraging quasi-random court delays that cause individuals to spend more time in jail both before and after the program’s launch. Holding time in jail fixed, we find that one additional month of IGNITE exposure reduces weekly misconduct within jail by 25% and three-month recidivism by 24%, with the recidivism effects growing over time. Surveys of staff and community members, along with administrative test score records and within-jail text messages, suggest that cultural change and improved literacy and numeracy scores are contributing mechanisms.
In clinical hand osteoarthritis research, self-reported pain questionnaires do not reflect the patient experience
Authors: van der Meulen Coen , van de Stadt Lotte A , Kroon Féline P B , Niesters Marieke , Rosendaal Frits R , Kloppenburg Margreet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Pain in hand osteoarthritis (OA) is evaluated with repeated pain questionnaires. It is unclear whether these questionnaires adequately capture changes in pain recalled by patients. This study investigated whether changes on pain questionnaires (real-time evaluation) correspond to recalled pain.

Methods
Data from hand OA patients from the HOSTAS cohort (four one-yearly) and HOPE trial (one six-week interval) were used. Pain was measured with the Australian/Canadian hand Osteoarthritis Index (AUSCAN, range 0–20) and a recall question (how is the pain compared with your last visit). Changes in AUSCAN pain were categorized into improved (≤−1), stable or worsened pain (≥1) and compared with the recall question using Cohen’s kappa and percentage agreement. We determined concordance between measurement methods, and investigated associations of mental well-being and illness perceptions with concordance using generalized estimating equations (GEE).

Results
Of 708 intervals from HOSTAS (307 patients, 82% women, mean age 61.0 years, mean AUSCAN 9.1), AUSCAN changes and recall were concordant in 42% (Cohen’s kappa 0.13). There was concordance in 47% of 86 intervals (Cohen’s kappa 0.14) from the HOPE trial (86 patients, 80% women, mean age 63.5, mean AUSCAN 10.7). The most frequent recall answer was worsened pain in the HOSTAS (60%), improved pain in the HOPE trial (76%). In both studies, AUSCAN pain most frequently improved. Depression and anxiety showed no association with concordance.

Conclusion
Changes in repeatedly measured AUSCAN pain often differ from the recalled course of pain over the same period. This has profound implications for evaluating patient-reported pain in clinical trials.
The Paradox of the AKP’s Gender Regime: Gender Identity of Religious Women in Türkiye
Authors: Yelsalı Parmaksız Pınar Melis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article investigates the changing gender regime in Türkiye over the past two decades, by focusing on the experiences of religious women under the gender regime of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP). The analysis is developed through an inductive and interpretative process of in-depth interviews with sixteen self-identified religious women and expert interviews with five publicly engaged, high-profile, self-identified religious female intellectuals, and also writings of Islamic female authors about religious women published after 2000. The analysis reveals a shift in the AKP’s gender regime from a public-progressive approach to a public-conservative one, characterized by a paternalistic leadership model. This article contributes to the discussion on gender regimes by providing an interpretation of how the gender regime has been experienced by religious women, and highlights the paradox within the AKP’s reframed gender regime, where gender justice is used as a substitute for gender equality.
Application of nitrates and NO-donors as a transdermal therapy for erectile dysfunction: a comprehensive review
Authors: Khorasanian Fatemeh , Shami Maryam , Langarizadeh Mohammad Amin , Ranjbar Tavakoli Marziye , Rezaiezadeh Hojjat , Forootanfar Hamid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is among the most prevalent urologic issues affecting men globally, with a notably high incidence rate. It significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and their sexual partners.

Objectives
Given the increasing prevalence of ED among men in recent years, numerous pharmacotherapies have been developed to address these conditions. However, systemic drug therapies for ED are often associated with significant challenges, including drug interactions and contraindications across a wide range of medical conditions. This has prompted researchers to focus on designing drugs and dosage forms that maintain efficacy while reducing side effects, interactions, and contraindications.

Methods
Building on previous studies, this article investigates nitrates and NO-donors with a focus on their transdermal impact, strategies for enhancing therapeutic efficiency, potential local side effects, and the evaluation of various formulations.

Results
In this regard, organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate and NO donors comprising volatile alkyl nitrites, linsidomine, sodium nitroprusside, and L-arginine are among good candidates for transdermal formulations of ED treatment. In the current article, the topical effects of these compounds, both alone and in combination with other drugs, have been thoroughly examined, including aspects such as their mechanism of action, effectiveness, side effects, and contraindications.

Conclusion
Based on these findings, it appears that novel formulations with enhanced absorption of these compounds could play a significant role in the treatment of ED, either as a standalone therapy or as an adjunctive treatment. Currently, most of the data are from preclinical studies and future clinical research can reveal the precise efficacy of such transdermal formulations.