bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Density in the Context of Two-Phase Immersion Cooling
Authors: Shah Jimil M. , Tuma Phillip E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Power density has been used to describe the capability of a data center. Achieving harmony between space and power has always been a challenge for data center administrators. Studies demonstrate when the average power density is above 7kW per rack, the space utilization by IT equipment drops to almost 50% of the total white space (the area dedicated to IT equipment and infrastructure). The remaining space is occupied by the cooling equipment required for optimal operation of the housed IT equipment in the racks. With the increasing use of deep learning and artificial intelligence, the different cooling methods like air cooling, cold plate cooling and single-phase immersion cooling are reaching their limits and require more white space. The improved efficiency of the two-phase immersion cooling technique may offer simplicity in facility design compared to traditional cooling and provide a means for cost savings. Submerging servers and IT equipment in a dielectric liquid enables substantial energy savings today and accommodates growing load densities for future facilities. This paper is a first attempt at addressing the overview of power density from the two-phase immersion cooling perspective. The paper compares the dedicated space requirement for air cooling with immersion cooling at higher densities. At 3kW/m2, a typical air-cooled data center floor space density, the actual electronics in a typical data center would fill only the bottom 5mm of the building which is often several stories tall. The P2PIC can increase floor space density 6 times or more while simplifying server design and reducing facility capital and operating costs. At higher densities, the cost of fluid per cost of electronics becomes negligible.
Growth in a biofilm promotes conjugation of a
bla
NDM-1
-bearing plasmid between
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains
Authors: Element Sarah J. , Moran Robert A. , Beattie Emilie , Hall Rebecca J. , van Schaik Willem , Buckner Michelle M.C. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing problem, especially in Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae such as
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Horizontal transfer of conjugative plasmids contributes to AMR gene dissemination. Bacteria such as
K. pneumoniae
commonly exist in biofilms, yet most studies focus on planktonic cultures. Here we studied the transfer of a multi-drug resistance plasmid in planktonic and biofilm populations of
K. pneumoniae
. We determined plasmid transfer from a clinical isolate, CPE16, which carried four plasmids, including the 119-kbp
bla
NDM-1
-bearing F-type plasmid pCPE16_3, in planktonic and biofilm conditions. We found that transfer frequency of pCPE16_3 in a biofilm was orders-of-magnitude higher than between planktonic cells. In 5/7 sequenced transconjugants (TCs) multiple plasmids had transferred. Plasmid acquisition had no detectable growth impact on TCs. Gene expression of the recipient and a transconjugant was investigated by RNA-sequencing in three lifestyles: planktonic exponential growth, planktonic stationary phase, and biofilm. We found that lifestyle had a substantial impact on chromosomal gene expression, and plasmid carriage affected chromosomal gene expression most in stationary planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. Furthermore, expression of plasmid genes was lifestyle-dependent, with distinct signatures across the three conditions. Our study shows that growth in biofilm greatly increased the risk of conjugative transfer of a carbapenem resistance plasmid in
K. pneumoniae
without fitness costs and minimal transcriptional rearrangements, thus highlighting the importance of biofilms in the spread of AMR in this opportunistic pathogen.

IMPORTANCE

Carbapenem-resistant
K. pneumoniae
is particularly problematic in hospital settings. Carbapenem resistance genes can transfer between bacteria via plasmid conjugation. Alongside drug resistance,
K. pneumoniae
can form biofilms on hospital surfaces, at infection sites and on implanted devices. Biofilms are naturally protected and can be inherently more tolerant to antimicrobials than their free-floating counterparts. There have been indications that plasmid transfer may be more likely in biofilm populations, thus creating a conjugation “hotspot”. However, there is no clear consensus on the effect of the biofilm lifestyle on plasmid transfer. Therefore, we aimed to explore the transfer of a plasmid in planktonic and biofilm conditions, and the impact of plasmid acquisition on a new bacterial host. Our data show transfer of a resistance plasmid is increased in a biofilm, which may be a significant contributing factor to the rapid dissemination of resistance plasmids in
K. pneumoniae
.
Novel macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance gene
erm
(56) in
Trueperella pyogenes
Authors: Marchionatti Emma , Perreten Vincent 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequence analysis of a macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (MLS
B
)-resistant
Trueperella pyogenes
from a dog revealed a new 23S ribosomal RNA methylase gene
erm
(56). Expression of the cloned
erm
(56) confers resistance to MLS
B
in
T. pyogenes
and
Escherichia coli
. The
erm
(56) gene was flanked by two IS
6100
integrated on the chromosome next to a
sul1
-containing class 1 integron. GenBank query revealed additional
erm
(56)-containing elements in another
T. pyogenes
and in
Rothia nasimurium
from livestock.

IMPORTANCE

A novel 23S ribosomal RNA methylase gene
erm
(56) flanked by insertion sequence IS
6100
was identified in a
Trueperella pyogenes
isolated from the abscess of a dog and was also present in another
T. pyogenes
and in
Rothia nasimurium
from livestock. It was shown to confer resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B antibiotics in
T. pyogenes
and
E. coli,
indicating functionality in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The detection of
erm
(56) on different elements in unrelated bacteria from different animal sources and geographical origins suggests that it has been independently acquired and likely selected by the use of antibiotics in animals.
Asymmetric glaciation, divide migration, and postglacial fluvial response times in the Qilian Shan
Authors: Lai Jingtao , Huppert Kimberly 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Glacial-interglacial cycles have repeatedly perturbed climate and topography in many midlatitude mountain ranges during the Quaternary. Glacial erosion can move drainage divides and induce fluvial adjustments downstream, yet the time scale over which these adjustments occur remains unclear. We examined landscape evolution in the northwest-southeast–trending Qilian Shan, where the contrast in solar insolation between north- and south-facing slopes has generated larger glaciers on the northern range crest. Our analyses suggest that this asymmetric glaciation has caused southward migration of the main drainage divide, prompting river channels below the extents of ice on north-facing slopes to become oversteepened for their drainage area and channels on south-facing slopes to become analogously understeepened. These changes in steepness should accelerate or slow down postglacial fluvial incision, even in the regions where topography has not been directly modified by glacial erosion. Numerical modeling suggests these discrepancies persist for millions of years, much longer than the duration of recent glacial-interglacial cycles, implying a widespread and enduring influence of intermittent glaciations on landscape evolution in glaciated mountain ranges during the Quaternary.
Study protocol: randomised controlled trial of conditioned open-label placebo (COLP) for perioperative pain management in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Trakimas Danielle R , Colloca Luana , Fakhry Carole , Tan Marietta , Khan Zubair , Vosler Peter S 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionPatients with head and neck cancer have a substantial risk of chronic opioid dependence following surgery due to pain and psychosocial consequences from both the disease process and its treatments. Conditioned open-label placebos (COLPs) have been effective for reducing the dose of active medication required for a clinical response across a wide range of medical conditions. We hypothesise that the addition of COLPs to standard multimodal analgesia will be associated with reduced baseline opioid consumption by 5 days after surgery in comparison to standard multimodal analgesia alone in patients with head and neck cancer.Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled trial will evaluate the use of COLP for adjunctive pain management in patients with head and neck cancer. Participants will be randomised with 1:1 allocation to either the treatment as usual or COLP group. All participants will receive standard multimodal analgesia, including opioids. The COLP group will additionally receive conditioning (ie, exposure to a clove oil scent) paired with active and placebo opioids for 5 days. Participants will complete surveys on pain, opioid consumption and depression symptoms through 6 months after surgery. Average change in baseline opioid consumption by postoperative day 5 and average pain levels and opioid consumption through 6 months will be compared between groups.Ethics and disseminationThere remains a demand for more effective and safer strategies for postoperative pain management in patients with head and neck cancer as chronic opioid dependence has been associated with decreased survival in this patient population. Results from this study may lay the groundwork for further investigation of COLPs as a strategy for adjunctive pain management in patients with head and neck cancer. This clinical trial has been approved by the Johns Hopkins University Institutional Review Board (IRB00276225) and is registered on the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Database.Trial registration numberNCT04973748.
Quality assurance in surgical trials of arteriovenous grafts for haemodialysis: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Edgar Ben , Kingsmore David B , Aitken Emma , Calder Francis , Franchin Marco , Geddes Colin , Inston Nick , Jackson Andrew , Jones Rob G , Karydis Nikolaos , Kasthuri Ram , Mestres Gaspar , Papadakis Georgios , Sivaprakasam Rajesh , Stephens Mike , Stevenson Karen , Stove Callum , Szabo Lazslo , Thomson Peter , Tozzi Matteo , White Richard D 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionDecisions regarding the optimal vascular access for haemodialysis patients are becoming increasingly complex, and the provision of vascular access is open to variations in systems of care as well as surgical experience and practice. Two main surgical options are recognised: arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous graft (AVG). All recommendations regarding AVG are based on a limited number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). It is essential that when considering an RCT of a surgical procedure, an appropriate definition of quality assurance (QA) is made for both the new approach and the comparator, otherwise replication of results or implementation into clinical practice may differ from published results. The aim of this systematic review will be to assess the methodological quality of RCT involving AVG, and the QA measures implemented in delivering interventions in these trials.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be followed. A systematic search will be performed of the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases to identify relevant literature. Studies will be selected by title and abstract review, followed by a full-text review using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected will pertain to generic measures of QA, credentialing of investigators, procedural standardisation and performance monitoring. Trial methodology will be compared against a standardised template developed by a multinational, multispecialty review body with experience in vascular access. A narrative approach will be taken to synthesise and report data.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, with the ultimate aim of providing recommendations for future RCT of AVG design.
Artificial intelligence in systematic reviews: promising when appropriately used
Authors: van Dijk Sanne H B , Brusse-Keizer Marjolein G J , Bucsán Charlotte C , van der Palen Job , Doggen Carine J M , Lenferink Anke 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSystematic reviews provide a structured overview of the available evidence in medical-scientific research. However, due to the increasing medical-scientific research output, it is a time-consuming task to conduct systematic reviews. To accelerate this process, artificial intelligence (AI) can be used in the review process. In this communication paper, we suggest how to conduct a transparent and reliable systematic review using the AI tool ‘ASReview’ in the title and abstract screening.MethodsUse of the AI tool consisted of several steps. First, the tool required training of its algorithm with several prelabelled articles prior to screening. Next, using a researcher-in-the-loop algorithm, the AI tool proposed the article with the highest probability of being relevant. The reviewer then decided on relevancy of each article proposed. This process was continued until the stopping criterion was reached. All articles labelled relevant by the reviewer were screened on full text.ResultsConsiderations to ensure methodological quality when using AI in systematic reviews included: the choice of whether to use AI, the need of both deduplication and checking for inter-reviewer agreement, how to choose a stopping criterion and the quality of reporting. Using the tool in our review resulted in much time saved: only 23% of the articles were assessed by the reviewer.ConclusionThe AI tool is a promising innovation for the current systematic reviewing practice, as long as it is appropriately used and methodological quality can be assured.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022283952.
Examining service utilisation and impact among consumers of a national mental health stepped care programme in Australia: a protocol using linked administrative data
Authors: Cole Rachel , Kynn Mary , Carberry Angela , Jones Rhian , Parekh Sanjoti , Whitehead Emma , Taylor Jane , Merollini Katharina 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMental well-being is a global public health priority with increasing mental health conditions having substantial burden on individuals, health systems and society. ‘Stepped care’, where services are provided at an intensity to meet the changing needs of the consumer, is the chosen approach to mental health service delivery in primary healthcare in Australia for its efficiencies and patient outcomes; yet limited evidence exists on how the programme is being rolled out and its impact in practice. This protocol outlines a data linkage project to characterise and quantify healthcare service utilisation and impacts among a cohort of consumers of a national mental health stepped care programme in one region of Australia.Methods and analysisData linkage will be used to establish a retrospective cohort of consumers of mental health stepped care services between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2021 in one primary healthcare region in Australia (n=approx. 12 710). These data will be linked with records from other healthcare service data sets (eg, hospitalisations, emergency department presentations, community-based state government-delivered mental healthcare, hospital costs). Four areas for analysis will include: (1) characterising the nature of mental health stepped care service use; (2) describing the cohort’s sociodemographic and health characteristics; (3) quantifying broader service utilisation and associated economic costs; and (4) assessing the impact of mental health stepped care service utilisation on health and service outcomes.Ethics and disseminationApproval from the Darling Downs Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREA/2020/QTDD/65518) has been granted. All data will be non-identifiable, and research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and industry meetings.
BiTE secretion by adoptively transferred stem-like T cells improves FRα+ ovarian cancer control
Authors: McGray A J Robert , Chiello Jessie L , Tsuji Takemasa , Long Mark , Maraszek Kathryn , Gaulin Nicole , Rosario Spencer R , Hess Suzanne M , Abrams Scott I , Kozbor Danuta , Odunsi Kunle , Zsiros Emese 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCancer immunotherapies can produce complete therapeutic responses, however, outcomes in ovarian cancer (OC) are modest. While adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT) has been evaluated in OC, durable effects are rare. Poor therapeutic efficacy is likely multifactorial, stemming from limited antigen recognition, insufficient tumor targeting due to a suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and limited intratumoral accumulation/persistence of infused T cells. Importantly, host T cells infiltrate tumors, and ACT approaches that leverage endogenous tumor-infiltrating T cells for antitumor immunity could effectively magnify therapeutic responses.MethodsUsing retroviral transduction, we have generated T cells that secrete a folate receptor alpha (FRα)-directed bispecific T-cell engager (FR-B T cells), a tumor antigen commonly overexpressed in OC and other tumor types. The antitumor activity and therapeutic efficacy of FR-B T cells was assessed using FRα+ cancer cell lines, OC patient samples, and preclinical tumor models with accompanying mechanistic studies. Different cytokine stimulation of T cells (interleukin (IL)-2+IL-7 vs IL-2+IL-15) during FR-B T cell production and the resulting impact on therapeutic outcome following ACT was also assessed.ResultsFR-B T cells efficiently lysed FRα+ cell lines, targeted FRα+ OC patient tumor cells, and were found to engage and activate patient T cells present in the TME through secretion of T cell engagers. Additionally, FR-B T cell therapy was effective in an immunocompetent in vivo OC model, with response duration dependent on both endogenous T cells and FR-B T cell persistence. IL-2/IL-15 preconditioning prior to ACT produced less differentiated FR-B T cells and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, with mechanistic studies revealing preferential accumulation of TCF-1+CD39−CD69− stem-like CD8+ FR B T cells in the peritoneal cavity over solid tumors.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the therapeutic potential of FR-B T cells in OC and suggest FR-B T cells can persist in extratumoral spaces while actively directing antitumor immunity. As the therapeutic activity of infused T cell therapies in solid tumor indications is often limited by poor intratumoral accumulation of transferred T cells, engager-secreting T cells that can effectively leverage endogenous immunity may have distinct mechanistic advantages for enhancing therapeutic responses rates.
Validation of the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in an academic tertiary care centre
Authors: Schmidtmann Irene , Kraus Daniel , Weinmann Arndt , Pütz Katharina , Claßen Paul , Schleicher Eva Maria , Boedecker-Lips Simone Cosima , Weinmann-Menke Julia 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the sensitivity and specificity of the 2019 EULAR/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in outpatients at an academic tertiary care centre and to compare them to the 1997 ACR and the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria.MethodsProspective and retrospective observational cohort study.Results3377 patients were included: 606 with SLE, 1015 with non-SLE autoimmune-mediated rheumatic diseases (ARD) and 1756 with non-ARD diseases (hepatocellular carcinoma, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis). The 2019 criteria were more sensitive than the 1997 criteria (87.0% vs 81.8%), but less specific (98.1% vs 99.5% in the entire cohort and 96.5% vs 98.8% in patients with non-SLE ARD), resulting in Youden Indexes for patients with SLE/non-SLE ARD of 0.835 and 0.806, respectively. The most sensitive items were history of antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity and detection of anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) antibodies. These were also the least specific items. The most specific items were class III/IV lupus nephritis and the combination of low C3 and low C4 complement levels, followed by class II/V lupus nephritis, either low C3 or low C4 complement levels, delirium and psychosis, when these were not attributable to non-SLE causes.ConclusionsIn this cohort from an independent academic medical centre, the sensitivity and specificity of the 2019 lupus classification criteria were confirmed. Overall agreement of the 1997 and the 2019 criteria was very good.
Decoherence effects in reactor and Gallium neutrino oscillation experiments: a QFT approach
Authors: Krueger Raphael , Schwetz Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe adopt the quantum field theoretical method to calculate the amplitude and event rate for a neutrino oscillation experiment, considering neutrino production, propagation and detection as a single process. This method allows to take into account decoherence effects in the transition amplitude induced by the quantum mechanical uncertainties of all particles involved in the process. We extend the method to include coherence loss due to interactions with the environment, similar to collisional line broadening. In addition to generic decoherence induced at the amplitude level, the formalism allows to include, in a straightforward way, additional damping effects related to phase-space integrals over momenta of unobserved particles as well as other classical averaging effects. We apply this method to neutrino oscillation searches at reactor and Gallium experiments and confirm that quantum decoherence is many orders of magnitudes smaller than classical averaging effects and therefore unobservable. The method used here can be applied with minimal modifications also to other types of oscillation experiments, e.g., accelerator based beam experiments.
Design and analysis of tweet-based election models for the 2021 Mexican legislative election
Authors: Vigna-Gómez Alejandro , Murillo Javier , Ramirez Manelik , Borbolla Alberto , Márquez Ian , Ray Prasun K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModelling and forecasting real-life human behaviour using online social media is an active endeavour of interest in politics, government, academia, and industry. Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has been proposed as a potential laboratory that could be used to gauge and predict social behaviour. During the last decade, the user base of Twitter has been growing and becoming more representative of the general population. Here we analyse this user base in the context of the 2021 Mexican Legislative Election. To do so, we use a dataset of 15 million election-related tweets in the six months preceding election day. We explore different election models that assign political preference to either the ruling parties or the opposition. We find that models using data with geographical attributes determine the results of the election with better precision and accuracy than conventional polling methods. These results demonstrate that analysis of public online data can outperform conventional polling methods, and that political analysis and general forecasting would likely benefit from incorporating such data in the immediate future. Moreover, the same Twitter dataset with geographical attributes is positively correlated with results from official census data on population and internet usage in Mexico. These findings suggest that we have reached a period in time when online activity, appropriately curated, can provide an accurate representation of offline behaviour.