bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of BMI and comorbidities on efficacy of once‐weekly semaglutide: Post hoc analyses of the STEP 1 randomized trial
Authors: McGowan Barbara M. , Houshmand‐Oeregaard Azadeh , Laursen Peter Nørkjær , Zeuthen Niels , Baker‐Knight James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the effects of semaglutide on body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors, and glycemic status in individuals categorized by baseline BMI with or without additional obesity‐related comorbidities, including prediabetes and high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsThis was a post hoc exploratory subgroup analysis of the Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) 1 trial (NCT03548935), in which participants without diabetes and BMI ≥30 kg/m2, or BMI ≥27 kg/m2 with ≥1 weight‐related comorbidity, were randomized to once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo for 68 weeks. For this analysis, individuals were categorized into subgroups based on baseline BMI <35 versus ≥35 kg/m2 (with no additional criteria, with ≥1 comorbidity, with prediabetes, and with prediabetes and high risk of CVD).ResultsMean changes in body weight from baseline to week 68 with semaglutide were −16.2% and −14.0% in the subgroups with baseline BMI <35 and ≥35 kg/m2, respectively (both p < 0.0001 vs. placebo). Similar changes were observed in individuals with comorbidities, with prediabetes, and with prediabetes plus high CVD risk. The beneficial effects of semaglutide on cardiometabolic risk factors were consistent across all subgroups.ConclusionsThis subgroup analysis confirms that semaglutide is effective in individuals with baseline BMI <35 and ≥35 kg/m2, including in those with comorbidities.
Experimental research on the high‐temperature compression mechanical properties of carbon/phenolic composites in rapid carbonization conditions
Authors: Lin Xiaochu , Yi Fajun , Xie Weihua , Xu Chenghai , Meng Songhe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe structural characteristics of fiber‐reinforced plastic composites are usually determined by ablation, but bearing capacity is also a key parameter that should be clarified in aerospace engineering. Needle‐punched carbon/phenolic composites are most commonly used as the inner material of solid rocket motor nozzles, and the mechanical properties thereof are dynamic and difficult to obtain at high temperatures. A radiation‐heating mechanical testing machine with split‐test chambers was designed to test the in‐plane compression properties of the composite at different degrees or pyrolysis and temperatures. The results show that the final weight‐loss rate was 25.5%. During the loading process, the composite had a linear elastic mechanical response and brittle fracture failure, and the compressive strength was 218.9 MPa at room temperature. At different holding times, the higher the temperature, the higher the weight‐loss rate, the higher the graphitization degree of the specimen, and the lower the degree of disorder of the carbon matrix. Thus, the minimum compressive strength was found to be 23.42 MPa at 600°C, and the maximum was 60.16 MPa at 1800°C after high‐temperature pyrolysis. The present work provides a reference for the refined design of solid rocket motor nozzles.
The role of educational support in the development of subjective well‐being in Finnish general upper secondary education
Authors: Holopainen Leena , Waltzer Katariina , Hoang Nhi , Lappalainen Kristiina , Nuutinen Hanna , Pesonen Heli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines how students' support, self‐esteem, and schoolwork difficulties are related to the development of students' subjective well‐being (SWB), which consists of social relations and self‐fulfillment. The participants (n = 326, aged 16 years) were followed for the first 2 years of general upper secondary education in Finnish schools. The first‐year results in the path model showed that students who received more support or had better self‐esteem were more likely to have better SWB, but students with schoolwork difficulties had lower SWB. The results also indicated that SWB in the second year was strongly predicted by SWB in the first year. All autoregressive effects of the variables from the first to second year were significant, but schoolwork difficulties had the highest stability, and support had the lowest stability. Moreover, the mediation effects between the variables from the first to second year suggested that students who had low SWB in the first year experienced more schoolwork difficulties in the second year. In practice, it was an important finding that, in both years, the school staff members could positively impact students' SWB through support, even though the received support was insufficient to reduce the negative effect of schoolwork difficulties on SWB.
Effect of formic acid treatment on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in sperm whale teeth dentine
Authors: Stukonytė Laura , Borrell Asunción , Drago Massimiliano , Lockyer Christina , Víkingsson Gísli , Aguilar Alex 
Published: March 2023

RationaleStable isotope analysis of growth layers in sperm whale teeth dentine can provide valuable insight into individual long‐distance displacements and diet. Although treating teeth half‐sections with formic acid and rubbing their surface with a graphite pencil improves growth layer visibility and reduces sampling error, previous studies mostly used untreated half‐sections as the effect that this treatment may have on stable isotope ratios in dentine is unknown. The present study investigates the treatment effect on stable C and N isotope ratios in sperm whale teeth dentine.MethodsIn the teeth of 30 sperm whales, we analysed and compared samples of powdered dentine obtained from (a) untreated half‐sections, (b) half‐sections etched with formic acid and rubbed with a graphite pencil and (c) half‐sections etched with formic acid from which the graphite pencil rubbing had been cleansed off. C and N values were compared between the three sample groups.ResultsWe found significant differences in values of both elements between untreated and etched samples, with a mean increase of 0.2% in δ13C and δ15N values in the etched samples. No significant differences were found between etched samples with graphite rubbing versus those without it. Significant linear regression models were calculated to predict untreated δ13C and δ15N values from the values obtained in the etched half‐sections with limited precision.ConclusionsWe show for the first time that formic acid etching has a clear effect on C and N values in sperm whale teeth dentine. The developed models permit the estimation of untreated values from etched half‐sections, thus enabling the use of the latter in stable isotope analysis. However, as treatment procedures may vary between studies, it is advisable that similar predictive models are developed case‐by‐case to ensure comparability of results.
Combining corn N recommendation tools for an improved economical optimal nitrogen rate estimation
Authors: Ransom Curtis J. , Kitchen Newell R. , Camberato James J. , Carter Paul R. , Ferguson Richard B. , Fernández Fabián G. , Franzen David W. , Laboski Carrie A. M. , Myers David Brenton , Nafziger Emerson D. , Sawyer John E. , Shanahan John F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImproving corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) rate fertilizer recommendation tools can improve farmers’ profits and mitigate N pollution. Numerous approaches have been tested to improve these tools, but to date improvements for predicting economically optimum N rate (EONR) have been modest. This work's objective was to use ensemble learning to improve our estimation of EONR (for a single at‐planting and split N application timing) by combining multiple corn N recommendation tools. The evaluation was conducted using 49 corn N response trials from eight states in the US Corn Belt and three growing seasons (2014–2016). Elastic net and decision tree approaches regressed EONR against three unique tools for each N application timing. Tools used in various combinations included a yield goal method, two soil nitrate tests (pre‐plant and late season), a computer simulation crop model (Maize‐N), and canopy reflectance sensing. Any combination of two or three N recommendation tools improved or maintained performance metrics (R2, root‐mean square error , and number of sites close to EONR). The best results for a single at‐planting recommendation occurred when combining the three at‐planting N recommendation tools (including interactions) with an elastic net regression model. This combined recommendation tool had a significant linear relationship with EONR (R2 = 0.46), an increase of 0.27 over the best tool evaluated alone. Combining multiple tools increased the implementation cost, but it did not reduce profitability and, sometimes, improved profitability. These results show tools can be combined to better match EONR, and thus could aid farmers in improving N management.
Recruitment of Receptors and Ligands in a Weakly Multivalent System with Omnipresent Signatures of Superselective Binding
Authors: Lu Yao , Allegri Giulia , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecruitment of receptors at membrane interfaces is essential in biological recognition and uptake processes. The interactions that induce recruitment are typically weak at the level of individual interaction pairs, but are strong and selective at the level of recruited ensembles. Here, a model system is demonstrated, based on the supported lipid bilayer (SLB) that mimics the recruitment process induced by weakly multivalent interactions. The weak (mm range) histidine‐nickel‐nitrilotriacetate (His2‐NiNTA) pair is employed owing to its ease of implementation in both synthetic and biological systems. The recruitment of receptors (and ligands) induced by the binding of His2‐functionalized vesicles on NiNTA‐terminated SLBs is investigated to identify the ligand densities necessary to achieve vesicle binding and receptor recruitment. Threshold values of ligand densities appear to occur in many binding characteristics: density of bound vesicles, size and receptor density of the contact area, and vesicle deformation. Such thresholds contrast the binding of strongly multivalent systems and constitute a clear signature of the superselective binding behavior predicted for weakly multivalent interactions. This model system provides quantitative insight into the binding valency and effects of competing energetic forces, such as deformation, depletion, and entropy cost of recruitment at different length scales.
Effect of high temperature on the performance of radiation‐protected ultra‐high performance concrete containing mixed fibers
Authors: Han Jianjun , Liao Dang , Li Guo , Lv Yajun , Cao Kelei , Yang Longbin , Xi Zhuangmin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe internal structure of ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) is very dense and prone to flaking in high‐temperature environments, thereby limiting its application in high‐temperature environments. In this study, polypropylene (PP) fibers were used in partially replacing steel fibers to prepare radiation‐protected UHPC‐containing hybrid fibers. The working performance, spalling behavior, mass loss, mechanical properties, γ‐ray shielding performance, and microstructure after exposure to different target temperatures (25°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C) of the radiation‐protected UHPC containing hybrid fibers were investigated. Results showed that the increase of PP fiber admixture did not have a significant negative effect on the flowability of UHPC mixes. The combination of steel fiber and PP fiber can effectively inhibit the spalling of UHPC at a high temperature. With the increase of temperature, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of UHPC showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the γ‐ray shielding performance gradually decreased. Compared with the normal temperature, the linear attenuation coefficient (μ) of UHPC at 800°C decreased by 12.6%, HVL and TVL decreased by 14.4%. Microstructural analysis showed that the porosity of UHPC increased with the increase of temperature, and the proportion of harmless pores showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. Moreover, the high temperature led to the deterioration in the microscopic morphology of UHPC and the weakening of the bond between the steel fiber and the matrix. These findings revealed the reason for the decrease in mechanical properties of UHPC at high temperatures.
Quantitative sustainability assessment of remanufacturing waste reinforcing steel
Authors: Abdullah Ziyad Tariq 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConstruction is a major contributor to the solid waste stream globally and various recycling strategies are being evaluated to recover valuable resources. As a novel strategy, remanufacturing waste reinforcing steel bar (rebar) pieces from concrete waste to produce nails was applied on an industrial scale to prove the technical feasibility, where a group of alternatives were developed based on commercially available industrial machinery. The calculated economic and environmental feasibility values are sufficiently high for industrial application, and the most appropriate remanufacturing technological alternative was identified. The sustainability equation was solved to find the social feasibility and overall remanufacturing sustainability index. Rebar waste remanufacturing has a high triple‐bottom‐line sustainability index of 0.885. Based on the proposed process, small remanufacturing companies can be developed, thereby aiding employment and human development by earning profit of 1904–8880 USD/day. The findings of this study are beneficial to decision makers in government and industry and are globally relevant because concrete waste is ubiquitous worldwide.
Influence of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis M.) as an alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and haemato‐biochemical indices of broiler chickens
Authors: Quaye B. , Opoku O. , Benante V. , Adjei‐Mensah B. , Amankrah M. A. , Ampadu B. , Awenkanab E. , Atuahene C. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedicinal herbs as classes of additives to poultry feeds have proven to be beneficial due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal properties.ObjectiveA 6‐week study was conducted to assess the effects of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis M.) as an alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, carcass traits and haemato‐biochemical parameters of broiler chickens.MethodsA total of 240 unsexed commercial broiler chickens, 2 weeks old, were randomly allocated to four treatments: T1 (negative control), T2 (positive control, 1 g/L oxytetracycline), T3 (0.5% Aloe vera gel extract) and T4 (1% Aloe vera gel extract) in a completely randomised design (CRD), with six replicates of 10 birds per replicate. The Aloe vera gel extract was administered in fresh drinking water.ResultsThe results revealed across all the treatment groups, no significant (p > 0.05) differences were found in terms of growth performance and carcass traits. However, the mortality rate was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the positive control and the Aloe vera groups compared to the negative control. Total cholesterol, total glucose, and high‐density lipoprotein values for the experimental groups (T3 and T4) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the control groups. The values for red blood cell count, haemoglobin content, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration for the birds treated with Aloe vera gel were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the control groups.ConclusionsIt is therefore concluded that the addition of Aloe vera gel extracts up to 1% in the drinking water could replace antibiotics in broiler chickens without any adverse effects on the health status and the performance of birds.
UnsupervisedEHR‐based phenotyping via matrix and tensor decompositions
Authors: Becker Florian , Smilde Age K. , Acar Evrim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComputational phenotyping allows for unsupervised discovery of subgroups of patients as well as corresponding co‐occurring medical conditions from electronic health records (EHR). Typically, EHR data contains demographic information, diagnoses and laboratory results. Discovering (novel) phenotypes has the potential to be of prognostic and therapeutic value. Providing medical practitioners with transparent and interpretable results is an important requirement and an essential part for advancing precision medicine. Low‐rank data approximation methods such as matrix (e.g., nonnegative matrix factorization) and tensor decompositions (e.g., CANDECOMP/PARAFAC) have demonstrated that they can provide such transparent and interpretable insights. Recent developments have adapted low‐rank data approximation methods by incorporating different constraints and regularizations that facilitate interpretability further. In addition, they offer solutions for common challenges within EHR data such as high dimensionality, data sparsity and incompleteness. Especially extractingtemporal phenotypesfrom longitudinal EHR has received much attention in recent years. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of low‐rank approximation‐based approaches for computational phenotyping. The existing literature is categorized into temporal versus static phenotyping approaches based on matrix versus tensor decompositions. Furthermore, we outline different approaches for the validation of phenotypes, that is, the assessment of clinical significance.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Structure DiscoveryFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Explainable AITechnologies > Machine Learning
Water security challenges of Ankara City in Turkey: Lessons from climate change impact and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ahsan Md Moynul , Tanrıvermiş Yeşim , Tuna Mustafa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change and the COVID‐19 pandemic posed significant challenges for Ankara city in Turkey. The city authorities have taken a number of strategic and operational measures to improve water security. This paper explores the linkages of regular forces such as climate change and disasters, as well as disruptive forces like pandemics, sudden shocks, and actions needed to overcome the resulting challenges. Based on 13 key informant interviews with a semi‐structured questionnaire and literature review, the existing water security situation is explored in relation to climate change and the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Ankara is still behind in terms of climate‐related adaptation practices and management. Financial resources are inadequate, so policy measures like neighborhood‐level responsibility‐sharing frameworks, resilience integration into existing policies and involving local people in policymaking, and developing capacity building for local government can help to ensure Ankara's water security.
Assessing the effect of interpretation design traits on zoo visitor engagement
Authors: Edney Gemma , Smart Tom , Howat Frederick , Batchelor Zoe E. , Hughes Charlotte , Moss Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the past few decades, zoos have undergone a transformation from places of entertainment to centers for conservation, with education becoming a particular focus. Interpretation in zoos is a near‐universal method for delivering education in zoos and has been shown to prompt learning and pro‐conservation behavior change. However, there is limited understanding on how interpretation design itself can influence visitor engagement. Using unobtrusive visitor observations (n = 3890), this study measures visitor engagement of multiple pieces of interpretation with various design “traits,” to provide a comprehensive overview of the key traits related to increased visitor engagement. The proportion of visitors who stopped at the interpretation (attraction power), and how long they stopped for (holding power), were our two outcome variables. From our models, we found that attraction and holding power are most strongly influenced by the type of interpretation, with interactive interpretation seeing nearly four times as many visitors stop, and for more than six times longer, when compared to standard text and graphics interpretation. We also found that location was significantly related to attraction power, with visitors more likely to stop at interpretation in more immersive exhibits. Lastly, interpretation containing images of humans were related to a higher holding power. We hope our findings will be used as a guide for designing interpretation that is both attractive and interesting to zoo visitors, maximizing the conservation education value of zoo‐based interpretation.
Praxisbeitrag: Physiologische Messungen in der evaluatorischen Praxis
Authors: Humm Christian , Niemann Philipp 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird anhand der Untersuchung einer Virtual Reality Umgebung aus dem Themenbereich der Physik – KATRIN VR (vr.nawik.de) – beispielhaft gezeigt, wie eine spezifische Methode aus dem Repertoire der Verfahren zur physiologischen Messung bei der Evaluation von Angeboten der Wissenschaftskommunikation eingesetzt werden kann: Die Methode der Blickaufzeichnung. Dazu werden in einem ersten Schritt relevante evaluationsbezogene Fragestellungen am Beispiel von KATRIN VR aufgezeigt, die anschließend in einer quasi-experimentellen multimethodischen Untersuchung adressiert werden. Dabei wird die im Vordergrund stehende Blickaufzeichnung mit einem Wissenstest und der Methode des Lauten Denkens kombiniert, um Rezeption und Wirkungsaspekte der Virtual Reality Umgebung zu erfassen.
Praxisbeitrag: Anwendungsbeispiel zur Integration inhaltsanalytischer Betrachtungen in Multi-Methoden-Forschungsstrategien im Bereich der Wissenschaftskommunikation
Authors: Goldschmidt Rüdiger , Scheel Oliver 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag skizziert die Potenziale inhaltsanalytischer Betrachtungen als Bestandteil der Begleitforschung von Initiativen im Bereich Wissenschaftskommunikation und speziell in Bezug auf den Einsatz interaktiver Online-Designs. Inhaltsanalytische Betrachtungen erwiesen sich als zielführende Ergänzung des Multi-Method Designs der Forschungsstudie, wobei die Verzahnung aller Methoden eine Rolle spielt. Die vorgestellte explorative Teilstudie erarbeitet auch inhaltliche Erkenntnisse. Online-Verfahren wie Foren oder Diskussionstische zeigten viel Potenzial für die Wissenschaftskommunikation insbesondere dann, wenn die Auswahl des Designs unter Berücksichtigung auf die Zielsetzung des Dialogverfahrens erfolgt. Mit den Ergebnissen deutet sich an, dass die Frage welche Kommunikationsmodi (deliberativ-konstruktiv, aggregierend oder additiv) in einem Dialogdesign entwickelt werden sollen bzw. können wichtiger ist als die Frage der Umsetzung als Online versus Präsenzveranstaltung.
Grundlagenbeitrag: Quantitative Testverfahren
Authors: Wirth Joachim , Fleischer Jens 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungQuantitative Testverfahren kommen zum Einsatz, wenn Leistungen von Personen gemessen werden sollen. Im Rahmen der Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation ist dies bspw. der Fall, wenn durch Wissenschaftskommunikation Wissen oder Fähigkeiten von Teilnehmenden verbessert werden sollen und Evaluation empirisch prüfen möchte, ob dieses Ziel erreicht wurde. Bei der Auswahl, Entwicklung und Bewertung von Testverfahren sind Gütekriterien einzuhalten, damit das empirische Ergebnis inhaltlich sinnvoll interpretierbare Aussagen zulässt. Die Bewertung der empirischen Ergebnisse erfolgt zudem vor dem Hintergrund einer Bezugsnorm, die bewusst gewählt werden muss. In dem Beitrag gehen wir auf die verschiedenen Testgütekriterien und Bezugsnormen ein und plädieren für interdisziplinäre Kooperationen bei der Auswahl und Entwicklung von quantitativen Testverfahren für die Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation.