bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstacles for patients with a low socio‐economic status treated within the head and neck cancer pathway: A multiple case study
Authors: Mondahl Julie , Hellesø Ragnhild , Thomsen Thora Grothe , Homøe Preben , Rosted Elizabeth Emilie , Frederiksen Kirsten 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesDrawing on ethnographic fieldwork exploring various head and neck cancer treatment pathways of patients with low socio‐economic status being treated with radiation therapy in Denmark, our aim was to explore how and why inequality in this treatment pathway might occur in the encounter between these patients and Danish healthcare.BackgroundIn recent years, inequality in cancer treatment of patients with a low socio‐economic status has been a growing concern worldwide. The majority of patients with head and neck cancer have a relatively low socio‐economic status and are at risk of experiencing inequality in their cancer treatment.Design/MethodsUsing a method proposed by Robert Yin, we performed a multiple case study of five treatment pathways of patients with a low socio‐economic status. The case studies consisted of participant observations and interviews with patients, relatives and health professionals. We applied Herbert Blumer's theory of symbolic interaction as a framework for our analysis.ResultsWe identified three concepts that all blocked joint action because patients and health professionals had different perceptions of what interaction required of them in terms of (1) Understanding information; (2) Assuming responsibility for managing practical tasks; and (3) Coordinating one's own treatment pathway.ConclusionsWe identified how different situations challenged the patients' abilities to assume participation in their own treatment pathway. In their encounter with patients, healthcare professionals did not know which situational impediments to joint action patients were facing.Relevance to clinical practiceWe argue that being aware of how challenges unfold in the interaction with patients with low socio‐economic status may serve as a starting point for changing practice to reduce inequality in the treatment of these patients.Reporting methodThis study is reported using consolidated criteria for reporting Qualitative research (SRQR). We used the theory and method of Robert Yin of performing a multi‐case study and we applied Herbert Blumer's theory of Symbolic interactionism as a framework for understanding data.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
A meta‐analysis of the role of diffusion tensor imaging in cervical spinal cord compression
Authors: Ouyang Ziqiang , Zhang Na , Li Meihua , Hong Tao , Ouyang Taohui , Meng Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeAt present, the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) remains controversial. This study aimed to confirm the role of DTI by comparing the differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) values between patients with cervical spinal cord compression (CSCC) and healthy individuals.MethodsA systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases to compare the mean FA values of patients with CSCC and healthy controls across all compression levels in the cervical spinal cord. Essential data from the literature, such as demographic information, imaging parameters, and DTI analysis method, were extracted. Fixed‐ or random‐effect models based on I2 heterogeneity were applied to the pooled and subgroup analyses.ResultsTen studies containing 445 patients and 197 healthy volunteers were eligible. The pooled results demonstrated a decrease in mean FA values across all compression levels in the experiment group compared to those in healthy controls (standardized mean difference = –1.54; 95% confidence interval = [–1.95, –1.14]; p < .001). Meta‐regression revealed that the scanner field strength and DTI analysis method had a significant effect on heterogeneity.ConclusionsOur results show that FA values in the spinal cord decline in patients with CSCC, thus confirming the crucial role of DTI in CSCC.
NGOs, international courts, and state backlash against human rights accountability: Evidence from NGO mobilization against Tanzania at the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
Authors: De Silva Nicole , Plagis Misha Ariana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) encounter state resistance to human rights accountability, how do NGOs use international courts for their human rights advocacy strategies? Considering the overlapping phenomena of shrinking civic space within authoritarian, hybrid, and democratically backsliding regimes, and state backlash against international courts, NGOs navigate two potential levels of state backlash against human rights accountability. Building on the interdisciplinary scholarship on legal mobilization, we develop an integrated framework for explaining how states' two-level (domestic and international) backlash tactics can both promote and deter NGOs' strategic litigation at international human rights courts (IHRCs). States' backlash tactics can influence NGOs' opportunities, capacities, and goals for their human rights advocacy, and thus affect whether and how they pursue strategic litigation at IHRCs. We elucidate the value of this framework through case studies of NGOs' litigation against Tanzania at the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, an understudied IHRC. Drawing on an original data set, interviews, and documentation, we process-trace how Tanzania's various backlash tactics influenced whether and how NGOs litigated at the Court. Our framework and analysis show how state backlash against human rights accountability affects NGOs' mobilization at IHRCs and, relatedly, IHRCs' opportunities for influence.
In search of some “good specimens”: The acquisition of the Stanley Collection at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum
Authors: Mushynsky Julie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on the provenance of the Stanley Collection—a group of 69 items from reserves in the Touchwood Hills area of Saskatchewan. The items were collected by reserve farm instructor Edward Stanley and his wife Elizabeth at the turn of the century and then sold to the Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History in 1914. By analyzing historical documents, artifacts, and oral histories, this study shows that the Stanley Collection was acquired under a colonialist collecting model that was largely influenced by power relations and then became part of provincial identity building in the early 1900s. Such insight contributes to a growing body of literature on collecting in the Canadian Prairies and also seeks to address reconciliation efforts in Canada. As the first study of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum's founding ethnographic collection, this paper provides an intriguing look at early collecting practices and the formation of the first museum in the Prairie provinces.
Impact of myopia control spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets on peripheral visual acuity and central visual acuity with peripheral gaze
Authors: Gao Yi , Lim Ee Woon , Drobe Björn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeMyopia control spectacle lenses with peripheral lenslets are gaining popularity because they are non‐invasive and easy to manage, and ongoing clinical trials have shown promising results. This study aimed to evaluate peripheral and central visual acuity (VA) with peripheral gaze in conditions where the eyes are turned to look obliquely through the lenslets.MethodsHigh‐contrast (100%) VA was measured at 300 cm and 10 lx. For each test, two lens designs were evaluated in counterbalanced order: a spectacle lens with highly aspherical lenslets (HALs) and a standard single‐vision lens (SVL). The target screen was placed at a visual angle of 21.6° to the nasal side of the right eye. Sixteen adults (27–52 years of age; spherical equivalent refraction (SER), −8.75 D to +0.50 D) wearing their habitual visual correction performed all tests monocularly.ResultsMean (SD) central VAs with peripheral gaze through the SVL and the HAL lens were 0.08 (0.13) and 0.17 (0.12) logMAR, respectively. The HAL lens reduced central VA with peripheral gaze by 0.10 (0.08) logMAR (p = 0.03). No significant correlation was observed between the impact of the HAL lens and other factors, such as age or SER. Peripheral VA was not significantly different through the two lenses (1.09 (0.06) logMAR and 1.09 (0.09) logMAR for the SVL and the HAL lens, respectively; p = 0.86).ConclusionsUnder high‐contrast and low‐luminance conditions, the HAL lens reduced central VA with peripheral gaze by approximately one line compared with the SVL. The impact on central VA did not vary with gaze direction, age or SER. The HAL lens did not affect peripheral VA in this condition.
Depletion of the NbCORE receptor drastically improves agroinfiltration productivity in older Nicotiana benthamiana plants
Authors: Dodds Isobel , Chen Changlong , Buscaill Pierre , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryNicotiana benthamiana is increasingly used for transient gene expression to produce antibodies, vaccines, and other pharmaceutical proteins but transient gene expression is low in fully developed, 6–8‐week old plants. This low gene expression is thought to be caused by the perception of the cold shock protein (CSP) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The CSP receptor is contested because both NbCSPR and NbCORE have been claimed to perceive CSP. Here, we demonstrate that CSP perception is abolished in 6‐week‐old plants silenced for NbCORE but not NbCSPR. Importantly, older NbCORE‐silenced plants support a highly increased level of GFP fluorescence and protein upon agroinfiltration. The drastic increase in transient protein production in NbCORE‐depleted plants offers new opportunities for molecular farming, where older plants with larger biomass can now be used for efficient protein expression.
Kin selection, kin recognition and kin discrimination in plants revisited: A claim for considering environmental and genetic variability
Authors: Mazal Lucas , Fajardo Alex , Till‐Bottraud Irène , Corenblit Dov , Fumanal Boris 
Published: March 2023

Summary StatementWe propose to add some aspects that are of great complementary importance to broaden the kin recognition, discrimination and selection framework in plants and that need to be considered in future studies.
Personal fabrication as an operational strategy: Value of delegating production to customer using 3D printing
Authors: Sethuraman Nagarajan , Parlaktürk Ali K. , Swaminathan Jayashankar M. 
Published: March 2023

There is a growing interest in the industry around 3D printing. A related phenomenon is personal fabrication (PF) in which a firm sells products' design and lets the customers personalize and manufacture the product using 3D printing services. In this paper, we characterize the market and operational conditions that make PF an attractive operational strategy. We propose a demand market model that captures customer heterogeneity in taste (horizontal) and quality (vertical) dimensions while allowing the market to be skewed with high versus low valuation customers. We quantify three key benefits of PF strategy: (i) the PF strategy enables personalization and improves product fit, (ii) the PF strategy can help the firm through postponement of product configuration, and (iii) the PF strategy enables easier design adjustments and allows design for manufacturability initiatives. Intellectual property and liability risks are significant barriers to the adoption of PF strategy. Furthermore, 3D printing may not be feasible for some parts of the product. In these cases, the firm may pursue the partial PF strategy: delegating only a proportion of the product for customer production. We also identify when partial PF becomes an attractive strategy.
“Keep them out to save our inside:” discourses on immigration by the Spanish far right
Authors: Gemignani Marco , Jiménez Carrasco Belén 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVox is a far‐right, Spanish political party that has steadily grown to become the third main party in the national congress. Immigration is a major presence in Vox's political agenda. Through Critical Discourse Analysis, we analyze the party's public speeches and Twitter communications on immigration in the last 3 years, from the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 to the Ukraine‐Russia war in 2022. These contexts have provided a fertile ground for Vox's concerns with the protection of national borders, the criminalization of African and irregular immigrants, and the Spanish Government's ineffectiveness to protect the Spaniards' homes. Vox's main discursive strategies entail constructions of migrants and migration based on dichotomous binaries, culture clash, exclusionary discourses of domopolitics, and fears of imminent social and cultural changes. These constructions are based on the unproblematized belief on essential and unchangeable values that forge the identity of the homeland, which is implicitly threatened by immigrants. Against the migratory invasion, Vox constitutes itself as the ethical protector of the Spanish society and nation, “out of care for the insiders and not out of hatred for outsiders.”
ATP supplementation suppresses UVB‐induced photoaging in HaCaT cells via upregulation of expression of SIRT3 and SOD2
Authors: Gan Chunxia , Liu Titi , Jia Xiaorong , Huang Xueqin , Qin Xiangdong , Wang Xuanjun , Sheng Jun , Xu Huanhuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkin photoaging is the damage caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. We investigated the effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supplementation on UVB‐induced photoaging in HaCaT cells and its potential molecular mechanism.Materials and methodsThe toxicity of ATP on HaCaT cells was examined by the MTT assay. The effects of ATP supplementation on the viability and apoptosis of HaCaT cells were determined by crystal‐violet staining and flow cytometry, respectively. Cellular and mitochondrial ROS were stained using fluorescent dyes. Expression of Bax, B‐cell lymphoma (Bcl)‐2, sirtuin (SIRT)3, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 was measured via western blotting.ResultsATP (1, 2 mM) exerted no toxic effect on the normal growth of HaCaT cells. UVB irradiation caused the apoptosis of HaCaT cells, and ATP supplementation inhibited the apoptosis induced by UVB significantly, as verified by expression of Bax and Bcl‐2. UVB exposure resulted in accumulation of cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), but ATP supplementation suppressed these increases. Expression of SIRT3 and SOD2 was decreased upon exposure to UVB irradiation but, under ATP supplementation, expression of SIRT3 and SOD2 was reversed, which was consistent with the reduction in ROS level observed in ATP‐treated HaCaT cells after exposure to UVB irradiation.ConclusionsATP supplementation can suppress UVB irradiation‐induced photoaging in HaCaT cells via upregulation of expression of SIRT3 and SOD2.
An objective test to measure evidence‐based practice knowledge and skill competency of acute care nurses: A psychometric validation study
Authors: Halm Margo A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew objective measures of evidence‐based practice (EBP) knowledge/skill exist. The Fresno Test, one objective method, was validated first with medicine, followed by versions for physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, social workers, dietitians, pediatric nurses, and health care students. The Fresno Test was adapted and tested with cohorts of acute care nurses. Six of the 14 items required revision to achieve acceptable psychometrics.AimThe aim of this second validation study was to revise and validate a new version of the test, The Modified Fresno Test‐Acute Care Nursing (MFT‐ACN), to determine if it could distinguish EBP knowledge/skills among acute care nurses.MethodsA panel of eight EBP experts were engaged in multiple Delphi rounds to revise items. Individual‐content validity indices (CVI) ranged from 0.83 to 1.0, with scale‐CVI 0.92. Using a cohort design, a cross‐sectional sample of 90 novice, master, and expert nurses were recruited via national listservs or snowball sampling to complete the revised test. Two doctorally prepared EBP experts independently scored tests using the standardized rubric.ResultsThe MFT‐ACN yielded strong psychometric properties (intra‐class correlation coefficients > 0.80; item discrimination indices > 0.20; item‐total correlations > 0.30). One poorly performing item was dropped per a priori cut‐off values. The final test included 13 items, with a Cronbach's alpha = 0.77. Item difficulty was moderate to high. Most items discriminated well between cohorts. Mean total scores were positively correlated with age, years since graduation, years of acute care experience, and formal EBP or research workshops or conferences or courses or immersions. Perceived level of EBP expertise was not associated with mean scores. Further research is recommended with a larger sample to assess the tests' responsiveness to change in EBP knowledge/skills over time and enhance its acceptability and feasibility. Additional research should further evaluate construct and concurrent validity against other objective assessments of EBP knowledge/skills.Linking Evidence to ActionThe validated 13‐item MFT‐ACN can be used to evaluate EBP competencies of acute care nurses in academic and practice settings. It can also be used by nurse scientists to build a stronger evidence base on types of educational programs that excel in advancing the critical competency of EBP among our nursing workforce.
Facilitation of sensory transmission to motoneurons during cortical or sensory‐evoked primary afferent depolarization (PAD) in humans
Authors: Metz Krista , Matos Isabel Concha , Li Yaqing , Afsharipour Babak , Thompson Christopher K. , Negro Francesco , Quinlan Katharina A. , Bennett David J. , Gorassini Monica A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSensory and corticospinal tract (CST) pathways activate spinal GABAergic interneurons that have axoaxonic connections onto proprioceptive (Ia) afferents that cause long‐lasting depolarizations (termed primary afferent depolarization, PAD). In rodents, sensory‐evoked PAD is produced by GABAA receptors at nodes of Ranvier in Ia afferents, rather than at presynaptic terminals, and facilitates spike propagation to motoneurons by preventing branch‐point failures, rather than causing presynaptic inhibition. We examined in 40 human participants whether putative activation of Ia‐PAD by sensory or CST pathways can also facilitate Ia afferent activation of motoneurons via the H‐reflex. H‐reflexes in several leg muscles were facilitated by prior conditioning from low‐threshold proprioceptive, cutaneous or CST pathways, with a similar long‐lasting time course (∼200 ms) to phasic PAD measured in rodent Ia afferents. Long trains of cutaneous or proprioceptive afferent conditioning produced longer‐lasting facilitation of the H‐reflex for up to 2 min, consistent with tonic PAD in rodent Ia afferents mediated by nodal α5‐GABAA receptors for similar stimulation trains. Facilitation of H‐reflexes by this conditioning was likely not mediated by direct facilitation of the motoneurons because isolated stimulation of sensory or CST pathways did not alone facilitate the tonic firing rate of motor units. Furthermore, cutaneous conditioning increased the firing probability of single motor units (motoneurons) during the H‐reflex without increasing their firing rate at this time, indicating that the underlying excitatory postsynaptic potential was more probable, but not larger. These results are consistent with sensory and CST pathways activating nodal GABAA receptors that reduce intermittent failure of action potentials propagating into Ia afferent branches.
imageKey points
Controlled execution of posture and movement requires continually adjusted feedback from peripheral sensory pathways, especially those that carry proprioceptive information about body position, movement and effort.
It was previously thought that the flow of proprioceptive feedback from Ia afferents was only reduced by GABAergic neurons in the spinal cord that sent axoaxonic projections to the terminal endings of sensory axons (termed GABAaxo neurons).
Based on new findings in rodents, we provide complementary evidence in humans to suggest that sensory and corticospinal pathways known to activate GABAaxo neurons that project to dorsal parts of the Ia afferent also increase the flow of proprioceptive feedback to motoneurons in the spinal cord.
These findings support a new role for spinal GABAaxo neurons in facilitating afferent feedback to the spinal cord during voluntary or reflexive movements.
The Mechanics Difference Between the Outer Torus and Inner Torus
Authors: Sun Bo-Hua , Song Guang-Kai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe formulation used by the most of studies on elastic torus are either Reissner’s mixed formulation or Novozhilov’s complex-form one; however, for vibration and some displacement boundary-related problem of torus, those formulations face a great challenge. It is highly demanded to have a displacement-type formulation for torus. In this article, we will carry on the first author’s previous work (Sun, 2010, “Closed-Form Solution of Axisymmetric Slender Elastic Toroidal Shells,” J. Eng. Mech., 136, pp. 1281–1288.), and with the help of our own maple codes, we are able to simulate some typical problems of torus. The numerical results are verified by both finite element analysis and H. Reissner’s formulation. Our investigations show that both deformation and stress response of an elastic torus are sensitive to the radius ratio. The analysis of a torus must be done by using the bending theory of a shell instead of membrane theory of shells, and also reveal that the inner torus is stronger than outer torus due to their Gaussian curvature. One of the most interesting discovery is that the crowns of a torus, the turning point of the Gaussian curvature at ϕ = 0, π, are the line where the mechanics response of inner and outer torus is almost separated.