bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking transport pathways and phosphorus distribution in a loamy soil: a case study from a North-Eastern German Stagnosol
Authors: Koch Stefan , Lederer Henrike , Kahle Petra , Lennartz Bernd 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous flow pathways through the soil determine the transport of dissolved and particle-bound nutritional elements like phosphorus (P) to ground and surface waters. This study was designed to understand the spatial patterns of P in agriculturally used soils and the mechanisms causing P accumulation and depletion at the centimetre scale. We conducted dye tracer experiments using Brilliant Blue on a loamy Stagnosol in North-Eastern-Germany. The plant-available P was analysed using double lactate extraction (DL-P). The plant-available P content of the topsoil was significantly higher than that of the subsoil in all three replicates (p < 0.001). The topsoil’s stained areas showed significantly higher P contents than unstained areas (p < 0.05), while the opposite was found for the subsoil. The P content varied enormously across all observed soil profiles (4 to 112 mg P kg−1 soil) and different categories of flow patterns (matrix flow, flow fingers, macropore flow, and no visible transport pathways). The P contents of these transport pathways differed significantly and followed the order: Pmatrix flow > Pfinger flow > Pno visible transport pathways > Pmacropore flow. We conclude that P tends to accumulate along flow pathways in the topsoil in the observed fertilized and tilled mineral soil. In contrast, in the subsoil at a generally lower P level, P is depleted from the prominent macroporous flow domains.
Assessment of pixel-oriented k-NN machine learning algorithm performance for the interannual remote sensing monitoring of eelgrass beds at the mouth of the Romaine
Authors: Lemieux P. , Lalumière C. , Fugaru N. , Gilbert J.-P. , Tremblay A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEelgrass cover extent is among the most reliable indicators for measuring changes in coastal ecosystems. Eelgrass has colonized the mouth of the Romaine River and has become a part of environmental monitoring there since 2013. The presence of eelgrass in this area is an essential factor for the early detection of changes in the Romaine coastal ecosystem. This will act as a trigger for an appropriate environmental response to preserve ecosystem health. In this paper, a cost- and time-efficient workflow for such spatial monitoring is proposed using a pixel-oriented k-NN algorithm. It can then be applied to multiple modellers to efficiently map the eelgrass cover. Training data were collected to define key variables for segmentation and k-NN classification, providing greater edge detection for the presence of eelgrass. The study highlights that remote sensing and training data must be acquired under similar conditions, replicating methodologies for collecting data on the ground. Similar approaches must be used for the zonal statistic requirements of the monitoring area. This will allow a more accurate and reliable assessment of eelgrass beds over time. An overall accuracy of over 90% was achieved for eelgrass detection for each year of monitoring.
Exposure to silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles at supra-environmental concentrations decreased sperm motility and affected spermatozoa subpopulations in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata
Authors: Oliveira Catarina C.V. , Ferrão Leonor , Gallego Victor , Mieiro Cláudia , Oliveira Isabel B. , Carvalhais Ana , Pachedo Mário , Cabrita Elsa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMarine pollution by nanoparticles (NPs) can be reprotoxic for fish and disturb successful reproduction of wild populations. In gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a mild effect on sperm motility was observed after exposure to high concentrations of silver NPs. Considering the great heterogeneity traits within a sperm sample, it is possible that NPs affect spermatozoa accordingly, modulating subpopulation profile. Thus, this work aimed to analyse NP effects in sperm motility in general and considering spermatozoa population structure, using a subpopulation approach. Seabream sperm samples from mature males were exposed for 1 h to increasing concentrations of titanium dioxide (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 μg L−1) and silver (0.25, 25 and 250 μg L−1) NPs, including Ag NP and Ag+, dissolved in a non-activating medium (0.9 % NaCl). Concentrations chosen include realistic (10–100 and 0.25 μg L−1, respectively, for TiO2 and Ag) and supra-environmental values. The mean particle diameter was determined as 19.34 ± 6.72 and 21.50 ± 8.27 nm in the stock suspension, respectively, for titanium dioxide and silver. After the ex vivo exposure, sperm motility parameters were determined using computer-assisted sperm analysis, and sperm subpopulations were later identified using a two-step cluster analysis. Results revealed a significant reduction in total motility after exposure to the 2 highest concentrations of titanium dioxide NPs, while curvilinear and straight-line velocities were not altered. Exposure to silver NPs (Ag NP and Ag+) lowered significantly total and progressive motilities at all concentrations, while curvilinear and straight-line velocities were significantly lower only at the highest concentration. Sperm subpopulations were also affected by the exposure to both titanium dioxide and silver NPs. In both cases, the highest levels of NPs triggered a decrease in the percentage of fast sperm subpopulations (38.2% in TiO2 1000 μg L−1, 34.8.% in Ag NP 250 μg L−1, and 45.0% in Ag+ 250 μg L−1 vs 53.4% in the control), while an increase on slow sperm subpopulations. A reprotoxic effect was proven for both NPs, but only at supra-environmental concentrations.
Unwriting Brexit? Bridging Fictions and Liminal Aesthetics Within the UK’s Hostile Environment
Authors: Zander Laura A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe article considers the various frictions and fissures in contemporary European politics. Contrary to its historical genesis, this politics often aims at division rather than community, a development epitomized by Brexit. The creation, reinforcement, and protection of borders seem to be a core aim of this policy, which can be observed in EU foreign policy in the narrower sense, but also in the central framing narratives that the EU pursues in the context of border politics and migration in order to fortify the ‘fortress Europe’, as does the UK with its Hostile Environment policy. Contrary to the supposed populist success of such policies, which were clearly demonstrated by the Brexit referendum vote, there is also widespread skepticism towards such disintegrating governance.A vast body of literature, mostly so-called Brexlit, addresses the fractures created by Brexit but also the many pre-existing divisions that Brexit did not cause, but was a consequence of. Some of these works establish an antagonistic Leave or Remain dichotomy, perfectly understandable from the point of view of the losing side of the referendum, but perhaps not necessarily productive in terms of reducing the divisions in society or even generating compassion for the opposition. The article argues that there is, however, a body of literature that aims at the erasure of borders, that seeks to bridge the existing ruptures within society and to reconcile the divided camps. I would like to focus on two respective literary projects, the EFACIS Kaleidoscope series which features various writers and artists from Ireland and their respective views on Europe, and Ali Smith’s Seasonal Quartet and Companion Piece, five novels that negotiate contemporary UK politics post Brexit. While both projects perceptibly address contemporary borders and exclusions, they do not present them as inevitable. Rather, they offer alternative designs for overcoming the existing divisions by integrating them into their plots, but they also reflect this communal unity on the formal level of their works. In this respect, both projects seem particularly suited to create a welcoming climate of solidarity, in order to unwrite, if not Brexit itself, at least some of its consequences.
Duality of orthogonal and symplectic random tensor models: general invariants
Authors: Keppler Hannes , Muller Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn Gurau and Keppler 2022 (arxiv:2207.01993), a relation between orthogonal and symplectic tensor models with quartic interactions was proven. In this paper, we provide an alternative proof that extends to polynomial interactions of arbitrary order. We consider tensor models of order D with no symmetry under permutation of the indices that transform in the tensor product of D fundamental representations of O(N) and Sp(N). We explicitly show that the models obey the N to $$-N$$

-
N

duality graph by graph in perturbation theory.
Teachers’ emotion regulation and related environmental, personal, instructional, and well-being factors: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Burić Irena , Chang Mei-Lin , Gross James J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTeachers experience and express various emotions of different qualities and intensities. They also adopt emotion regulation strategies to increase teaching effectiveness and maintain professionalism. Previous reviews of teachers’ emotion regulation have focused on their emotional labor (i.e., deep and surface acting)—a subdimension of emotion regulation. The present review aims to incorporate multiple perspectives and conceptualizations, hence affording a more comprehensive understanding of teachers’ emotion regulation by examining antecedent- and response-focused strategies. The present meta-analysis included 87 articles investigating the relationships between teachers’ emotion regulation and seven related environmental, personal, instructional, and well-being factors (i.e., work-role interaction expectations, school context, classroom context, personal characteristics, motivation, teaching effectiveness, and teacher well-being). Antecedent-focused strategies demonstrated more adaptive associations with the related factors than response-focused strategies. More specifically, teachers who receive school support, have engaged and disciplined students, and possess favorable personal characteristics (e.g., conscientiousness) tend to adopt antecedent-focused emotion regulation; these teachers also have greater well-being. In contrast, teachers who work at unsupportive schools or who have relatively unfavorable personal characteristics (e.g., neuroticism) tend to use response-focused strategies; these teachers also have poor teaching effectiveness and well-being. Additional moderating analyses found differences concerning the conceptualizations of emotion regulation and cultural backgrounds.
Water level and vegetation type control carbon fluxes in a newly-constructed soft-sediment wetland
Authors: Tak Daniël B. Y. , Vroom Renske J. E. , Lexmond Robin , Lamers Leon P. M. , Robroek Bjorn J. M. , Temmink Ralph J. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWetlands support unique biodiversity and play a key role in carbon cycles, but have dramatically declined in extent worldwide. Restoration is imperative yet often challenging to counteract loss of functions. Nature-based solutions such as the creation of novel ecosystems may be an alternative restoration approach. Targeted restoration strategies that account for the effects of vegetation on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes can accelerate the carbon sink function of such systems. We studied the relationships between vegetation, bare soil, and GHG dynamics on Marker Wadden in the Netherlands, a newly-created 700-ha freshwater wetland archipelago created for nature and recreation. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes, and soil microbial activity, in three-year-old soils on vegetated, with distinct species, and adjacent bare plots. Our results show that CH4 fluxes positively related to organic matter and interacted between organic matter and water table in bare soils, while CH4 fluxes positively related to plant cover in vegetated plots. Similarly, Reco in bare plots negatively related to water table, but only related positively to plant cover in vegetated plots, without differences between vegetation types. Soil microbial activity was higher in vegetated soils than bare ones, but was unaffected by substrate type. We conclude that GHG exchange of this newly-created wetland is controlled by water table and organic matter on bare soils, but the effect of vegetation is more important yet not species-specific. Our results highlight that the soil and its microbial community are still young and no functional differentiation has taken place yet and warrants longer-term monitoring.
Analysis by sex of safety and effectiveness of transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation
Authors: Samii Soraya , McKane Scott , Meyer Timothy E. , Shah Neomi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Little is known about sex differences in the treatment of central sleep apnea (CSA). Our post hoc analysis of the remedē System Pivotal Trial aimed to determine sex-specific differences in the safety and effectiveness of treating moderate to severe CSA in adults with transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (TPNS).

Methods
Men and women enrolled in the remedē System Pivotal Trial were included in this post hoc analysis of the effect of TPNS on polysomnographic measures, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and patient global assessment for quality of life.

Results
Women (n = 16) experienced improvement in CSA metrics that were comparable to the benefits experienced by men (n = 135), with central apneas being practically eliminated post TPNS. Women experienced improvement in sleep quality and architecture that was comparable to men post TPNS. While women had lower baseline apnea hypopnea index than men, their quality of life was worse at baseline. Additionally, women reported a 25-percentage point greater improvement in quality of life compared to men after 12 months of TPNS therapy. TPNS was found to be safe in women, with no related serious adverse events through 12 months post-implant, while men had a low rate of 10%.

Conclusion
Although women had less prevalent and less severe CSA than men, they were more likely to report reduced quality of life. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation may be a safe and effective tool in the treatment of moderate to severe CSA in women. Larger studies of women with CSA are needed to confirm our findings.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01816776; March 22, 2013.
New biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins
Authors: Matsuda Hisashi , Morikawa Toshio , Nakamura Seikou , Muraoka Osamu , Yoshikawa Masayuki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the current review, we describe the novel biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins, including elatosides, momordins, senegasaponins, camelliasaponins, and escins, obtained from Aralia elata (bark, root cortex, young shoot), Kochia scoparia (fruit), Polygala senega var. latifolia (roots), Camellia japonica (seeds), and Aesculus hippocastanum (seeds), considering the following biofunctional activities: (1) inhibitory effects on elevated levels of blood alcohol and glucose in alcohol and glucose-loaded rats, respectively, (2) inhibitory effects on gastric emptying in rats and mice, (3) accelerative effects on gastrointestinal transit in mice, and (4) protective effects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats. In addition, we describe (5) suppressive effects of the extract and chakasaponins from Camellia sinensis (flower buds) on obesity based on inhibition of food intake in mice. The active saponins were classified into the following three types: (1) olean-12-en-28-oic acid 3-O-monodesmoside, (2) olean-12-ene 3,28-O-acylated bisdesmoside, and (3) acylated polyhydroxyolean-12-ene 3-O-monodesmoside. Furthermore, common modes of action, such as involvements of capsaicin-sensitive nerves, endogenous NO and PGs, and possibly sympathetic nerves, as well as common structural requirements, were observed. Based on our findings, a common mechanism of action might mediate the pharmacological effects of active saponins. It should be noted that the gastrointestinal tract is an important action site of saponins, and the role of the saponins in the gastrointestinal tract should be carefully considered.
Energy field-assisted high-speed dry milling green machining technology for difficult-to-machine metal materials
Authors: Zhang Jin , Huang Xuefeng , Kang Xinzhen , Yi Hao , Wang Qianyue , Cao Huajun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnergy field-assisted machining technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of machining difficult-to-machine metal materials, such as poor machinability, low cutting efficiency, and high energy consumption. High-speed dry milling has emerged as a typical green processing technology due to its high processing efficiency and avoidance of cutting fluids. However, the lack of necessary cooling and lubrication in high-speed dry milling makes it difficult to meet the continuous milling requirements for difficult-to-machine metal materials. The introduction of advanced energy-field-assisted green processing technology can improve the machinability of such metallic materials and achieve efficient precision manufacturing, making it a focus of academic and industrial research. In this review, the characteristics and limitations of high-speed dry milling of difficult-to-machine metal materials, including titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and high-strength steel, are systematically explored. The laser energy field, ultrasonic energy field, and cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication energy fields are introduced. By analyzing the effects of changing the energy field and cutting parameters on tool wear, chip morphology, cutting force, temperature, and surface quality of the workpiece during milling, the superiority of energy-field-assisted milling of difficult-to-machine metal materials is demonstrated. Finally, the shortcomings and technical challenges of energy-field-assisted milling are summarized in detail, providing feasible ideas for realizing multi-energy field collaborative green machining of difficult-to-machine metal materials in the future.
Selbstfürsorge für Lehrkräfte – Evaluation der Effekte einer Präventions- und Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahme
Authors: Noichl Teresa , Cramer Malte , Wagner Inga , Dlugosch Gabriele E. , Hosenfeld Ingmar 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Lehrkräfte sind in ihrem Arbeitskontext vielfältigen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Diese können sich negativ auf die körperliche und psychische Befindlichkeit auswirken. Gesundheitsfördermaßnahmen können zur Verringerung von bspw. Stresserleben und Burnout beitragen. Ein bei psychosozialen Fachkräften wirksames Seminar wurde für Lehrkräfte adaptiert. Ziel des Seminars ist es, Selbstfürsorge und Achtsamkeit der Teilnehmenden zu fördern und dadurch möglichen gesundheitlichen Folgen berufsbedingter Belastungen vorzubeugen. Das Online-Seminar wurde zwischen Oktober 2021 und März 2023 auf seine Wirksamkeit hin überprüft.

Studiendesign und Untersuchungsmethoden
Die Studie ist als randomisiertes 2 × 2-faktorielles Wartekontrollgruppenmesswiederholungsdesign mit 3 (Treatment-Gruppe, TG) bzw. 5 (Wartekontrollgruppe, WKG) Messzeitpunkten angelegt. Zentrale abhängige Variablen sind Selbstfürsorge, Achtsamkeit, Stresserleben, emotionale Erschöpfung, Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit und subjektives Wohlbefinden.

Ergebnisse
In beiden Gruppen (TG und WKG) zeigen sich bis ca. 5 Wochen nach der Intervention ein signifikanter Anstieg der Achtsamkeit und Selbstfürsorge und ein signifikanter Rückgang des Stresserlebens und der emotionalen Erschöpfung mit mittleren bis großen Effektstärken. Keine Effekte sind bei der Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit und dem Wohlbefinden zu erkennen. Die Lehrkräfte sind mit der Seminarreihe insgesamt sehr zufrieden und der Nutzen wird als sehr hoch eingestuft.

Diskussion
Eine Verbesserung tritt v. a. direkt im Anschluss an das Treatment auf, die Effekte bleiben über den Zeitraum von ca. 5 Wochen stabil. Das spricht dafür, dass die Lehrkräfte die vermittelten Inhalte gut in den Alltag integrieren konnten.

Schlussfolgerung
Das Training ist eine geeignete Maßnahme, um die psychische Gesundheit von Lehrkräften zu fördern und berufsbedingten Belastungen vorzubeugen.
A priori evaluation of the printability of water-based anode dispersions in inkjet printing
Authors: Kolb Cara Greta , Lehmann Maja , Teixeira Carys-May , Maleksaeedi Saeed , Zaeh Michael Friedrich 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInkjet printing represents a disruptive additive manufacturing technology that has emerged as an innovative approach to generate customized lithium-ion batteries by tailored dispersions. However, electrode dispersions cause a complex non-Newtonian behavior which hampers the processability. This paper demonstrates a novel procedure for an a priori evaluation of the printability of aqueous graphite dispersions. Therefore, dispersions with a varying active material content were prepared and the printability was examined through a characterization of the drop formation and the drop deposition behavior. While the drop formation was observed by in-situ monitoring, the drop deposition was analyzed in ex-situ test setups. The rheological properties were systematically determined to calculate nondimensional numbers that describe the dispensing behavior. Consequently, their capability to predict the stability of the drop formation was evaluated. The results revealed that a graphite dispersion with a content of 2 m% allowed for a stable drop formation. No splashing occurred on the substrate during the drop deposition and sufficient wetting can be assumed due to a contact angle of below 90$$^\circ$$

∘

. Conclusions were drawn to further enhance the active material content. Due to the universality of the proposed approach, it is expected to be applicable to different dispersion systems.
Relationship of nematodes in natural and disturbed land with physicochemical properties in Magoebaskloof, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Shokoohi Ebrahim , Moyo Ngonidzashe , Gouveia Fabio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagoebaskloof is an evergreen mountainous landscape covered with Afromontane forests. During a survey on soil nematode diversity, the soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of a forest tree (no cultivation over 50 years), grassland, prepared kiwi land, oak tree, kiwifruits trees (37-year-old), and 8-year-old kiwifruit in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Overall, results showed that a total of 30 nematode genera were found to be associated with the surveyed plant species. The frequency of occurrence showed Ditylenchus (100%), Acrobeloides (100%), and Nanidorus (100%), followed by Meloidogyne (83%) were the most distributed nematodes. The study of the relationship between nematodes with physicochemical properties in the soil using Pearson correlation revealed that clay percentage of the soil has a positive correlation with Pseudacrobeles (r = 0.684), Acrobeloides (r = 0.658) and Meloidogyne (r = 0.668) species. In contrast, clay percentage had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.900) with Filenchus. Soil pH showed no strong correlation with the nematodes. The principal component analysis placed kiwifruits and forest soil in two groups, indicating the biodiversity dynamics among the two locations. In conclusion, forest trees and grasslands showed a high diversity of free-living than disturbed land of kiwifruits. Additionally, plant-parasitic nematodes numbered more in the rhizosphere of kiwifruit trees. Our results suggest that the soil nematodes, especially free-living bacterivores, may mediate the effects of ecosystem disturbance on soil health.