bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care for Nursing Homes and Home Care, a Swedish version
Authors: Andersson Ingrid , Bååth Carina , Nilsson Jan , Eklund Anna Josse 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to translate, adapt and validate the instrument Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care for Nursing Homes and Home Care for use in the Swedish community health care context.DesignA cross‐sectional study. Data were collected from October 2019 to January 2020, and the questionnaire was sent to Registered Nurses, Enrolled Nurses and assistant nurses.MethodsThe study was performed in four phases: (1) translation, (2) adaptation of the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care for Nursing Homes and Home Care to the Swedish context, (3) content validity testing, and (4) evaluation of psychometric properties. The collected data resulted in 611 responses. Explorative factor analysis was performed to explore the interrelationship, and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency.ResultsExplorative factor analysis presented six factors/subscales: (1) fundamental care, (2) timely needed‐based care, (3) dignity and support, (4) ensuring respectful treatment, (5) social activities, and (6) documentation, planning and reporting. The Cronbach's alpha for the components showed values between 0.7 and 0.9.ConclusionThe analyses indicate an instrument to be usable for Enrolled Nurses and nurse assistants in community health care. Additional tests, can contribute to refining the content of the items and further test reliability and validity of the instrument.No patient or public contributionAs this is a study of translation and validation of the instrument Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care for Nursing Homes and Home Care.
Positive end‐expiratory pressure and postoperative complications in patients with obesity: a review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Choi Jae Y. , Al‐Saedy Miriam A. , Carlson Brian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with obesity, use of positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) > 5 cm H2O (centimeters of water) has been shown to prevent intraoperative atelectasis. This study compares the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) associated with PEEP > 5 cm H2O and PEEP ≤ 5 cm H2O in patients with obesity who underwent surgery under general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation.MethodsThis study searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) using the terms “PEEP,” “anesthesia,” and “ventilation.” Cochrane ReviewManager (RevMan) version 5 was used for data analysis. The primary outcome was a composite of PPCs, including atelectasis, pneumonia, pneumothorax, and acute respiratory failure.ResultsThe initial search identified 903 titles and abstracts, and 4 randomized controlled trials were included for analysis. We included a total of 2116 participants from four randomized controlled trials that compared PEEP ≤ 5 cm H2O with PEEP > 5 cm H2O in adult patients with obesity. There was no statistically significant difference in PPCs between the PEEP ≤ 5 cm H2O and PEEP > 5 cm H2O groups (risk ratio = 2.21, 95% CI: 0.41‐11.83; p = 0.35). However, a significant heterogeneity was found within included studies (I2 = 53%).ConclusionsIt is unclear whether PEEP > 5 cm H2O improves the postoperative clinical outcome in patients with obesity, which is in contrast to previously established evidence that it reduces atelectasis in patients with obesity.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with weight‐loss attempts and perception of overweight independent of BMI: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Pesonen Emilia , Nurkkala Marjukka , Niemelä Maisa , Morin‐Papunen Laure , Tapanainen Juha S. , Jämsä Timo , Korpelainen Raija , Ollila Meri‐Maija , Piltonen Terhi T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveUp to 70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have pre‐obesity or obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether women with PCOS have more weight‐loss attempts than women without PCOS, regardless of BMI. Moreover, women's weight perceptions in relation to previous weight‐loss attempts were evaluated.MethodsA population‐based birth cohort study included women with (n = 278) and without PCOS (control individuals, n = 1560) who were examined at ages 31 and 46 years with questionnaires and clinical examinations.ResultsWomen with PCOS had more weight‐loss attempts compared with control individuals at age 31 (47% vs. 34%, p < 0.001) and 46 years (63% vs. 47%, p < 0.001). At age 46 years, PCOS was associated with multiple weight‐loss attempts in the adjusted model (odds ratio: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.00‐2.03], p = 0.05). The perception of having overweight was more prevalent in those with PCOS, even among participants with normal weight, at age 31 (PCOS 47% vs. control 34%, p = 0.014) and 46 years (PCOS 60% vs. control 39%, p = 0.001).ConclusionsWomen with PCOS were more likely to have experienced multiple weight‐loss attempts and a perception of having overweight compared with control individuals, regardless of obesity status.
Elektronik auf Lichtfrequenzen
Authors: Boolakee Tobias , Hommelhoff Peter 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungUltrakurze und intensive Laserimpulse ermöglichen es, Elektronen in Festkörpern auf der Attosekunden‐Zeitskala zu lenken. In Graphen‐Gold‐Strukturen lassen sich dabei lichtfeldinduzierte Ströme unterscheiden, die aus der Anregung von realen oder virtuellen Ladungsträgern resultieren. Mithilfe der zeitlichen Symmetrie der genauen Laser‐Wellenform lassen sich die zwei Arten von Ladungsträgern individuell ansprechen. Das hat es uns ermöglicht, ein potenziell lichtschnelles logisches Gatter zu realisieren.
Learning to make a difference for chILD: Value creation through network collaboration and team science
Authors: McKnight Lauren , Schultz André , Vidic Nada , Palmer Elizabeth E. , Jaffe Adam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAddressing the recognized challenges and inequalities in providing high quality healthcare for rare diseases such as children's interstitial lung disease (chILD) requires collaboration across institutional, geographical, discipline, and system boundaries. The Children's Interstitial Lung Disease Respiratory Network of Australia and New Zealand (chILDRANZ) is an example of a clinical network that brings together multidisciplinary health professionals for collaboration, peer learning, and advocacy with the goal of improving the diagnosis and management of this group of rare and ultra‐rare conditions. This narrative review explores the multifaceted benefits arising from social learning spaces within rare disease clinical networks by applying the value creation framework. The operation of the chILDRANZ network is used as an example across the framework to highlight how value is generated, realized, and transferred within such collaborative clinical and research networks. The community of practice formed in the chILDRANZ multidisciplinary meetings provides a strong example of social learning that engages with the uncertainty inherent in rare disease diagnosis and management and pays attention to generate new knowledge and best practice to make a difference for children and families living with chILD. This review underscores international calls for further investment in, and support of, collaborative clinical networks and virtual centers of excellence for rare disease.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for development and applications of a virtual celiac disease population using felodipine as a model drug
Authors: Salem Farzaneh , Nimavardi Ali , Mudunuru Jennypher , Tompson Debra , Bloomer Jackie , Turner David B. , Taskar Kunal S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn celiac disease (CeD), gastrointestinal CYP3A4 abundance and morphology is affected by the severity of disease. Therefore, exposure to CYP3A4 substrates and extent of drug interactions is altered. A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) population for different severities of CeD was developed. Gastrointestinal physiology parameters, such as luminal pH, transit times, morphology, P‐gp, and CYP3A4 expression were included in development of the CeD population. Data on physiological difference between healthy and CeD subjects were incorporated into the model as the ratio of celiac to healthy. A PBPK model was developed and verified for felodipine extended‐release tablet in healthy volunteers (HVs) and then utilized to verify the CeD populations. Plasma concentration‐time profile and PK parameters were predicted and compared against those observed in both groups. Sensitivity analysis was carried out on key system parameters in CeD to understand their impact on drug exposure. For felodipine, the predicted mean concentration‐time profiles and 5th and 95th percentile intervals captured the observed profile and variability in the HV and CeD populations. Predicted and observed clearance was 56.9 versus 56.1 (L/h) in HVs. Predicted versus observed mean ± SD area under the curve for extended release felodipine in different severities of CeD were values of 14.5 ± 9.6 versus 14.4 ± 2.1, 14.6 ± 9.0 versus 17.2 ± 2.8, and 28.1 ± 13.5 versus 25.7 ± 5.0 (ng.h/mL), respectively. Accounting for physiology differences in a CeD population accurately predicted the PK of felodipine. The developed CeD population can be applied for determining the drug concentration of CYP3A substrates in the gut as well as for systemic levels, and for application in drug–drug interaction studies.
Improved model reference‐based adaptive nonlinear dynamic inversion for fault‐tolerant flight control
Authors: Li Yu , Liu Xiaoxiong , Ming Ruichen , Li Kecheng , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to lack of robustness, Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) control cannot resist the influence of disturbances. In this paper, an adaptive fault‐tolerant control method, called Improved Model Reference‐based Adaptive NDI (IMR‐ANDI), is proposed and applied to develop a fault‐tolerant flight controller to improve robustness to faults and disturbances. To improve the estimation accuracy, this paper also modified the piecewise‐constant adaptation, which improves the accuracy of adaptive estimation without increasing the sampling frequency. Moreover, a low‐pass filter is introduced to the control law creatively to weaken the disturbance of high‐frequency dynamics to the adaptation, which balances the dynamic performance and robustness as well as prevents the system oscillation. Finally, a fault‐tolerant flight controller is developed based on the IMR‐ANDI and verified under the actuator fault and center of gravity variations. All simulation and hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiment results conform to the theoretical analysis, indicating that the developed IMR‐ANDI fault‐tolerant controller is robust to faults and disturbances and can achieve expected control performance.
Anti‐HER2 scFv‐nCytc‐Modified Lipid‐Encapsulated Oxygen Nanobubbles Prepared with Bulk Nanobubble Water for Inducing Apoptosis and Improving Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Tian Jilai , Wan Shixiao , Tian Jing , Liu Liming , Xia Jintao , Hu Yunfeng , Yang Zhen , Zhao Huanhuan , Wang Haixiang , Guo Yichen , Guo Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBulk nanobubbles fascinate scientists because of their stability over long periods of time and their ability to carry gases, leading to numerous potential applications. Considering the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the advantages of bulk nanobubbles, lipid‐encapsulated oxygen nanobubbles are prepared from free bulk oxygen nanobubbles in this study. The obtained carrier is then modified with a protein fused with the single‐chain antibody of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti‐HER2 scFv) and tandem‐repeat cytochrome c (anti‐HER2 scFv‐nCytc) to enhance tumor targeting and induce tumor apoptosis. Copper phthalocyanine is used as the photosensitizer to demonstrate how the oxygen in the nanobubbles affects the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The combination of anti‐HER2 scFv‐nCytc and PDT synergistically improves the therapeutic effect and alleviates hypoxia in tumors in vivo while causing little inflammatory response. Based on the findings, bulk nanobubble water shows promise in the targeted delivery of oxygen and can be combined with antibody therapy to enhance the efficiency of PDT.
Toward Precision Deposition of Conductive Charge‐Transfer Complex Crystals Using Nanoelectrochemistry
Authors: Kilani Mohamed , Ahmed Mostak , Mayyas Mohannad , Wang Yifang , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Mao Guangzhao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe lack of understanding for precise synthesis and assembly of nano‐entities remains a major challenge for nanofabrication. Electrocrystallization of a charge‐transfer complex (CTC), tetrathiafulvalene bromide (TTF)Br, is studied on micro/nanoelectrodes for precision deposition of functional materials. The study reveals new insights into the entire CTC electrocrystallization process from the initial nanocluster nucleation to the final elongated crystals with hollow ends grown from the working electrode to the neighboring receiving electrode. On microelectrodes, the number of nucleation sites is reduced to one by lowering the applied overpotential or precursor concentration. Certain current–time transients exhibit significant induction periods prior to stable nucleus growth. The induction regime contains small fluctuating current spikes consistent with stochastic formation of precritical nanoclusters with lifetimes of 0.1–30 s and sizes of 20–160 nm. Electrochemical analyses further reveal rate, size distribution, and formation/dissipation dynamics of the nanoclusters. Crystal growth of (TTF)Br is further studied on triangular nanoelectrode patterns with thickness of 5–500 nm, which shows a mass‐transfer‐controlled process applicable for precision deposition of functional (TTF)Br crystals. This study, for the first time, establishes CTC nanoelectrochemistry as a platform technology for precise deposition of conductive crystal assemblies spanning the source and drain electrode for sensing applications.
Construction of Localized High‐Concentration PF6− Region for Suppressing NCM622 Cathode Failure at High Voltage
Authors: Qi Shihan , Tang Xi , He Jian , Liu Jiandong , Ma Jianmin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐voltage Li||LiNi0.6Co0.6Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) batteries have obtained great interest owing to their high energy density. However, some obstacles hinder their practical applications, e.g., the structural failure of NCM622 and corrosion of the Al current collector, which lead to limited cycling life. Herein, an electrolyte additive strategy is proposed for constructing localized high‐concentration PF6− zone near the cathode to form an efficient cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) for protecting NCM622 and preventing Al current collector from the corrosion. Potassium 1,1,2,2,3,3‐hexafluoropropane‐1,3‐disulfonimide is used as the additive to regulate the sheath structure of Li+ solvation to force PF6− anions away from the solvated Li+. During the charge process, the nonsolvated PF6− anions gather on NCM622 surface to form a localized high‐concentration PF6− zone to facilitate the formation of F‐rich CEI on NCM622 for protecting its structural stability and Al current collector.
Financial dependence and exports: Entrants or incumbents?
Authors: Lee Kwan Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing firm‐level customs data from 51 countries at different levels of development, we explore differential impacts of access to finance on incumbent and new exporters. Consistent with the literature, firms in sectors more dependent on external finance have higher exports based in financially more developed countries. This effect, however, occurs entirely through entrants, with no effect found for incumbents. The trade response of entrants works primarily through the extensive margin (number of exporters) rather than the intensive margin (average size). We further find access to external finance affects exporter entry rates while it does not affect exporter exit rates.
Interpretable and explainable machine learning: A methods‐centric overview with concrete examples
Authors: Marcinkevičs Ričards , Vogt Julia E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterpretability and explainability are crucial for machine learning (ML) and statistical applications in medicine, economics, law, and natural sciences and form an essential principle for ML model design and development. Although interpretability and explainability have escaped a precise and universal definition, many models and techniques motivated by these properties have been developed over the last 30 years, with the focus currently shifting toward deep learning. We will consider concrete examples of state‐of‐the‐art, including specially tailored rule‐based, sparse, and additive classification models, interpretable representation learning, and methods for explaining black‐box models post hoc. The discussion will emphasize the need for and relevance of interpretability and explainability, the divide between them, and the inductive biases behind the presented “zoo” of interpretable models and explanation methods.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Explainable AI
Technologies > Machine Learning
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social Considerations
Inquisitive Modal Logic: A Preview
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThroughout this book, we have emphasized different ways in which questions are relevant in logic. We saw that questions can be seen as names for types of information, and that by generalizing logic to questions we can capture logical relations holding between information types. We also saw that in the inquisitive setting, a more general account of certain logical operators emerges, which boils down to the classical one in the special case of statements, but which also covers the role of these operators in questions. Furthermore, we saw that questions may be used in inferences as placeholders for arbitrary information of a certain type, and that by reasoning with questions we can build formal proofs of the existence of certain logical dependencies (and of certain logical relations of answerhood and presupposition).
Embracing the Complexity and the Richness of Boreal Old-Growth Forests: A Further Step Toward Their Ecosystem Management
Authors: Martin Maxence , Shorohova Ekaterina , Fenton Nicole J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBoreal old-growth forests are specific and often undervalued ecosystems, as they present few of the structural attributes that usually define old forests in the collective culture. Yet, these ecosystems are characterized by exceptional naturalness, integrity, complexity, resilience, as well as structural and functional diversity. They therefore serve as biodiversity hot spots and provide crucial ecosystem services. However, these forests are under significant threat from human activities, causing a rapid and large-scale reduction in their surface area and integrity. The multiple values associated with boreal old-growth forests should be therefore better acknowledged and understood to ensure the sustainable management of boreal landscapes.
Market Initiatives of Small-Scale Fisheries in the Mediterranean: Innovation in Support of Sustainable Blue Economy
Authors: Penca Jerneja , Said Alicia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study of traditional marine stakeholders, such as small-scale fishers in the Mediterranean, represents a site of a changing seascape. This is characterized by impeding factors of the past but also a possibility for improved future trajectories. Small-scale fisheries (SSF) have played a crucial socio-economic role in the Mediterranean for decades, and they continue to comprise over 80% of the fishing fleets and provide direct and indirect economic contributions to coastal communities. Their contribution to blue economy has so far been described as low, but this is largely due to a narrow conception both of benefits to be drawn from the development of maritime sectors (which have focused strongly on economic growth) and types of innovation that are capable of supporting the transition to sustainability (which have overlooked social innovation). This chapter outlines the multi-scale contributions of the small-scale fisheries and presents innovative approaches of the sector towards the markets, both of which support the inclusion of SSF in the blue economy sector. The chapter focuses on key instances of recently developed initiatives by the SSF across the Mediterranean with impacts on the supply chain and the marketing of their products. We argue that these market interventions contribute to the ultimate governance objectives, and challenge the conception of SSF as a non-innovative sector. We propose that a richer engagement with the blue economy paradigm supports the perception of the SSF as a prospective sector, to match the promotion of aquaculture among others.
Ocean Acidification as a Governance Challenge in the Mediterranean Sea: Impacts from Aquaculture and Fisheries
Authors: Bednarsek Nina , Guilloux Bleuenn , Canu Donata Melaku , Galdies Charles , Guerra Roberta , Simoncelli Simona , Feely Richard A. , Pelletier Greg , Gašparović Blaženka , Godrijan Jelena , Malej Alenka , Solidoro Cosimo , Turk Valentina , Zunino Serena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the progress in the international and regional governance efforts at the level of climate change, ocean acidification (OA) remains a global problem with profoundly negative environmental, social, and economical consequences. This requires extensive mitigation and adaptation effective strategies that are hindered by current shortcomings of governance. This multidisciplinary chapter investigates the risks of ocean acidification (OA) for aquaculture and fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea and its sub-basins and the role of regional adaptive governance to tackle the problem. The identified risks are based on the biological sensitivities of the most important aquaculture species and biogenic habitats and their exposure to the current and future predicted (2100) RCP 8.5 conditions. To link OA exposure and biological sensitivity, we produced spatially resolved and depth-related pH and aragonite saturation state exposure maps and overlaid these with the existing aquaculture industry in the coastal waters of the Mediterranean basin to demonstrate potential risk for the aquaculture in the future. We also identified fisheries’ vulnerability through the indirect effects of OA on highly sensitive biogenic habitats that serve as nursery and spawning areas, showing that some of the biogenic habitats are already affected locally under existing OA conditions and will be more severely impacted across the entire Mediterranean basin under 2100 scenarios. This provided a regional vulnerability assessment of OA hotspots, risks and gaps that created the baseline for discussing the importance of adaptive governance and recommendations for future OA mitigation/adaptation strategies. By understanding the risks under future OA scenarios and reinforcing the adaptability of the governance system at the science-policy interface, best informed, “situated” management response capability can be optimised to sustain ecosystem services.