bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capitalisme indien et mouvement national dans l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Markovits Claude 
Published: June 2023

This article attemps to assess very generally the main factors which influenced the political behaviour of the Indian capitalist class during the interwar period. It starts with a description of the Indian business community, traced back to its historical origins in the middle of the 19th century. The fundamental heterogeneity of the class is underlined by the detailed study of the various groups which compose it, but a growing trend toward unification, apparent throughout the 1920s and 1930s, receives due consideration.Attention is then drawn to the rapid development of the class after the First World War and to the resulting change in the balance between British and Indian interests. The part played in this process by the policy of the colonial state is one of the most original features of the Indian situation as compared with that of other colonial countries. But the British rulers could favour the development of an indigenous bourgeoisie only to a certain point; on the eve of the Second World War, British capital still held a dominant position in the Indian economy.The ensuing frustration no doubt played a part in the support given by many Indian capitalists to the nationalist movement. But we argue that it is impossible to explain the political behaviour of the Indian capitalist class by treating it solely as a consequence of opposition to British economic domination. Social and cultural factors also had their part in bringing together the indigenous business class and the nationalist movement.
Les émeutes communalistes de 1969 à Ahmedabad dans leur contexte national et international
Authors: Graff Violette 
Published: June 2023

The Ahmedabad riots represented a decisive moment in the evolution of relations between Hindus and Muslims in India. It is worthwhile, despite the attention these riots have already received in the literature, to return to the subject because of the exemplary character of the Ahmedabad flare-up.As has typically been the case with communal disturbances in India, a multitude of causative elements were involved. Social and economic factors connected with the industrial character of Ahmedabad and its recent development as a state capital had undoubtedly contributed to the development of a difficult situation. But it was above all a concatenation of political events which served to set off the troubles at a given moment. On the international scene the fire in the El-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem was to be followed by an Islamic Conference in Rabat. Within India the heightened competition between political tendancies which led to the split in the Congress was accompanied by the growing importance of the Hindu extremist Jan Sangh party.A brief historical treatment of the background in Ahmedabad and in Gujarat introduces a fairly detailed account of the successive phase of the riots. On the basis of the Report of the official Enquiry Commission and of interviews with leading citizens of Ahmedabad, the author attempts to bring out the degree of responsability of the different individuals and groups. The nature and extent of the various short-term and long-term measures which were proposed for reducing the tensions between Hindus and Muslims are also examined.It is worth noting that the calm has been subsequently maintained except for a minor incident in 1973. Whether because the least-privileged elements of the population were satisfied with the promises made to them or with actual improvements in their position, or because of a determination by the leaders of all groups to avoid the risks of a repetition, the waves of agitation which have traversed Gujarat from 1974 to the present have been completely free from any communalist overtones.
Le parti du Congrès dans le « système » politique indien. Méthode d’analyse
Authors: Zins Max 
Published: June 2023

The functions of the Congress Party are analyzed in terms of three different levels or fields within which it operates. The field of social relations englobes the struggle among the various elements of the society (classes, sub-classes, etc.) for material or symbolic advantages. The political field concerns the competition among a specialized category of persons, principally the political parties, for public office and power. The field of political organization refers to the structure and internal rules of the Congress party.It is argued that the consensus which characterized the Congress rested upon a basic unity of interest among the dominant classes and groups in Indian society. Given the consensus, the Congress served as the main arena within which political tendancies struggled for hegemony. A review of the conflicts inside the Congress Party from 1947 onward emphasizes the importance of two poles, one linked with big business and finance, the other representing primarily the urban and rural middle classes. Opposition parties played primarily a peripheral role, providing support from the outside to those groups within the Congress to which they were ideologically close.The system showed strain in the 1960’s; the crisis of 1969 leading to a split in the party showed that the flexibility of the earlier years had been lost, and paved the way, through the increasingly authoritarian style of direction, to the declaration in 1975 of the Emergency.
PENGARUH TRANSAKSI PEMBAYARAN NON-TUNAI TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN RETAIL PT. MATAHARI DEPARTMENT STORE Tbk TAHUN 2015-2019
Authors: Gunawan Iba , Huswatun Ana 
Published: June 2023

This study determines how much influence non-cash payment transactions have on Return on Assets. The method uses a quantitative approach. This research was conducted by processing secondary data in the form of financial statements and non-cash payment transaction data of PT. Matahari Department Store Tbk, 2015 - 2019. Both of them were analyzed and calculated statistical tests using SPSS Version 2.0 software. Data analysis uses a simple linear regression test, person correlation test, determinant test, and ttest.
The results of the simple linear regression test in the variable considered constant are 14.664. If there is an addition, the effect of profitability will increase by 0.993. The results of testing the Pearson Bivariate correlation coefficient based on the significance value of Sig. (2-tailed): The Sig. (2-tailed) between non-Cash Payment Transactions (X) and Profitability (Y) is 0.000 <0.05, which means that there is a significant correlation between the Non-Cash Payment Transaction Variable and the Profitability Variable. The test results of the coefficient of determination (R2) value R = 0.892 and R2 = 0.795 mean that the regression model obtained able to explain non-cash payment transactions can affect profitability by 79.5% while the remaining 20.5% is influenced by other variables. From the partial test results on the coefficient table, it can be seen that the t-count value of non-cash payment transactions is 3.409 with a value of 3.182 (tcount> ttable = 3.409> 3.182) which means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so non-cash payment transactions have an effect significant to Return on Asset at PT. Matahari Department Store Tbk. In this case, it shows that non-cash payment transactions are able to increase Return on Assets at PT. Matahari Department Store Tbk.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BPD GAPENSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Haerani Anggi , Jini Wayan Lutfi , Gustika Rahayu , Gustika Rahayu 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan BPD GAPENSI Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa deskriptif yaitu menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis). Juga analisis verifikatif. Di uji melalui program uji SPSS. Populasi objek yang ada pada BPD Gapensi adalah karyawan tetap yang berjumlah 52 orang, korelasi antara motivasi dengan kompensasi adalah sebesar 0,547,terdapat hubungan yang cukup kuat antara motivasi dengan kompensasi. korelasi antara motivasi dengan kinerja adalah sebesar 0,696 terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara motivasi dengan kinerja. korelasi antara kompensasi dengan kinerja adalah sebesar 0,714 terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara kompensasi dengan kinerja.. Secara parsial motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di BPD Gapensi Jawa Barat dengan kontribusi yang diberikan sebesar 30,3%. Secara parsial kompensasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di BPD Gapensi Jawa Barat dengan kontribusi pengaruh yang diberikan sebesar 34%. Secara simultan motivasi dan kompensasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan BPD Gapensi Jawa Barat dengan kontribusi pengaruh yang diberikan sebesar 64,3%, sedangkan 35,7% sisanya merupakan besar kontribusi pengaruh yang diberikan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti.
Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Masuknya Kapal Nelayan Asing di ZEE Indonesia Berdasarkan UU No. 5 Tahun 1983 Tentang ZEE
Authors: Prayugo Avan Caezhar , Kainama Marthinus , Anwar Arman 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The EEZ has the greatest natural wealth potential for Indonesia, so the Indonesian government issues various types of legal products to secure and protect and enforce the law in Indonesian waters, especially in the EEZ area.Purposes of the Research: To analyse the regulation of the entry of foreign fishing vessels in the Indonesian EEZ which is contrary to Law Number 5 of 1983 concerning the EEZ, and to analyze the Security and Supervision of Foreign Fishing Vessels in the Indonesian EEZ based on Law Number 5 of 1983. Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical. by using (state approach) and (statute approach). And sources of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials as well as literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively.Results of the Research: The results show that the entry of foreign-flagged fishing vessels in the Indonesian EEZ is not prohibited because it is not an Indonesian sovereign territory so that foreign vessels have the right to freedom of navigation in the EEZ, but when in their voyage they carry out prohibited activities such as exploration and exploitation of natural resources. biological and non-biological resources found on the seabed and the soil below it as well as the water column and water space above it (without a permit) is an act of violating the law in Indonesia's EEZ (Article 13 of Law Number 5 of 1983). Securing and supervising foreign fishing vessels in the Indonesian EEZ must be carried out in a synergistic and coordinated manner between the TNI-AL, BAKAMLA and POLRI as well as other authorities in accordance with their respective roles and duties.
Pengaturan Tentang Milisi Dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional
Authors: Sopacua Mitsel , Peilouw Johanis Steny Franco , Rehatta Veriena Josepha Batseba 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Militia, also know as savage troop groups, are groups of civilians that can function as a supplement to the regular military or as a challenger to counter military coups. The process of forming the militia occurred because of a conflict between a group and the state central government which resulted in conflict resulting in rebel groups being named militia or illegal troop groups.Purposes of the Research: To know about the arrangement of militias in armed conflict of a non-interntional nature. Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative research. This type of research has stages of scientific logic research based on the normative side. The legal materials in this research method are primary legal materials that are based on laws or laws that are said to be norms and also secondary legal materials that are guided by books. This research refers to international and non-international legal instruments.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that Militia arrangements are recognized as Belligerent as regulated in Article 1 of the Hague Convention IV of 1907 (Hague Regulations), Article 1 paragraph (1) of Additional Protocol II of 1977, in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocol requiring organizations to protect and assist civilians who are victims of armed conflict. The responsibility for the action of the militia is the rebel command not only in times of armed conflict but also in times of peace.
Pembatasan Terhadap Hak-Hak Perempuan Oleh Taliban Perspektif Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women
Authors: Molle Nur Reski , Hanafi Irma Halimah , Tuhulele Popi 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This research discusses about about restrictions on women's rights by the taliban perspective convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW) 1979 relating to cases of discrimination against women by the Taliban in Afghanistan. The Taliban restricts women's rights leading to discrimination against women.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to restore the rights of women who are restricted by the Taliban related to women's rights convention on the elimination of all froms of discrimination against women (CEDAW) 1979. Methods of the Research: This research uses the juridical normative method by using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach.Results of the Research: from the writings of the Taliban who have controlled Afghanistan, the Taliban have restricted women's rights. The rights of women that are limited by the Taliban are the right to get decent work and education. In convention on the alimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW) 1979 Article 10 regulates education and article 11 regulates employment.
Penerapan Hukum Adat Sasi Laut Dalam Melindungi Kelestarian Sumberdaya Alam Laut Di Desa Waria Kecamatan Aru Utara Timur Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru
Authors: Sorloy Cidra Wati , Matuankotta Jenny Kristiana , Uktelseja Novyta 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The application of marine sasi customary law is an effort to increase marine natural resources so that they can develop both biological and vegetable resources that are conserved within a certain period to develop growth and development for satisfactory results.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to know and examine how the regulation of sasi marine customary law in its application to the protection of the preservation of marine natural resources in the Waria Village of North East Aru (Batuly) Kepuluan Aru Regency. Methods of the Research: This writing was carried out with the type of empirical juridical research, namely research conducted to obtain data through observation, interviews, documentation, library studies.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that national regulations have not been able to anticipate technological developments and the development of legal needs in the context of managing and utilizing the potential of marine natural resources. The application of the customary law of the sea sasi plays an important role as an effort to protect and preserve marine natural resources.
Pengesampingan Pasal Dalam Perjanjian Oleh Para Pihak Dikaitkan Dengan Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak
Authors: Ruslan Dyah Auliah Rachma 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Until now, in the practice of making contracts/agreements, in general, many parties have made waivers of articles in the Civil Code (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code). In general, the articles that are set aside are Article 1266 of the Civil Code and Article 1267 of the Civil Code.Purposes of the Research: Provide an explanation of the articles in the Civil Code that can be waived and their relation to the principle of freedom of contract. Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative legal research. The main subject of the study is law which is conceptualized as a norm or rule that applies in society and becomes a reference for everyone's behavior.Results of the Research: Referring to the principle of freedom of contract, in making an agreement not only Article 1266 and Article 1267 of the Civil Code can be waived by the parties, but the parties can also waive the articles governing agreements in Book Three of the Civil Code as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of the agreement. and does not harm either party. Because Book Three of the Civil Code which regulates agreements adheres to an open system.
Urgensi Sertifikat Layak Kawin Dalam Hukum Perkawinan
Authors: Baharuddin Wahdaniah 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The course for prospective brides, which is then equated with Marriage Guidance, hereinafter referred to as bimwin, is a mandatory requirement that must be carried out by the prospective bride and groom before carrying out a wedding because the prospective bride and groom who have attended are given a certificate as proof of graduation which is a requirement for marriage registration. The certificate referred to before being used is given serial number/registration.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to determine the urgency of a certificate of eligibility to marry as a formal requirement in marriage law. Methods of the Research: This research is normative legal research. The approach is carried out by reviewing the literature or literature studies according to the problem under study.Results of the Research: This shows that the implementation of marriage guidance is a must for prospective husband and wife couples who want to get married. Every couple who wants to get married is required to attach a certificate of eligibility to marry that has been obtained after participating in the marriage guidance program. Prospective bride and groom must attach a certificate of eligibility to marry which has been given a serial/registration number. The obligation to attach a certificate as one of the administrative requirements for marriage registration has been regulated in statutory regulations, but because there are no strict sanctions against prospective brides who do not attend courses, the mandatory arrangement to attach a marriage certificate is a mere paper issue and provides an opportunity for the prospective bride and groom to not taking the course.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Terlibat Kejahatan Terorisme
Authors: Siahaya Zafania Helsa , Titahelu Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs , Latumaerissa Denny 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Laws and regulations regarding terrorism, in practice there are still those who commit criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia by attacking vital objects and public facilities.Purposes of the Research: The research aims to examine and discuss the forms of legal protection given to children who are involved in terrorism crimes and to examine and explain the mechanism of legal protection for children who are involved in terrorism crimes. Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical with descriptive analytical research type, the technique of collecting legal materials by conducting library research on legal materials, namely primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The technique of analyzing legal materials is obtained from a qualitative classification.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that the legal protection given to children involved in terrorism crimes includes guaranteeing and protecting children's rights, such as the right to live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity and protection from violence and discrimination. And the Juvenile Criminal Justice System sees that the handling of children involved in terrorism crimes can be carried out with mechanisms such as an approach that purely prioritizes child welfare and an approach to legal intervention. The specificity of the juvenile justice process with the concept of restorative justice.
Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Systems A Critical Review
Authors: Bharadiya Jasmin 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to investigate the role of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the growth of smart cities. It aims to understand how these technologies are being used to manage expanding metropolitan areas, boost economies, reduce energy consumption, and improve the living standards of residents. The study also aims to analyze the information flow associated with ICT in smart cities.
Methodology: The methodology involves conducting a survey to identify the typical technologies used to support communication in smart cities. It also involves a systematic evaluation of current patterns in publications related to ICT in smart cities. The research utilizes ML and AI techniques to analyze and interpret the collected data.
Findings: The findings of the study indicate that ML and AI play a significant role in various aspects of smart cities, particularly in the field of intelligent transportation systems. These technologies are utilized for tasks such as modeling and simulation, dynamic routing and congestion management, and intelligent traffic control. The research also reveals the application of ML and AI in other forms of transportation like air, rail, and road travel.
Recommendations: Based on the findings, the study suggests that the agent computing paradigm is a powerful technology for the development of large-scale distributed systems, particularly in the context of geographically dispersed and dynamic transport systems. The research emphasizes the interoperability, flexibility, and extendibility of agent-based traffic control and management systems. It concludes by suggesting potential future research directions to effectively integrate agent technology into traffic and transportation systems.
Distribution of the 23-bp polymorphism of the prion protein gene in Jersey cattles in Turkey
Authors: USTAOGLU Melih Sercan , YIGIT Serbulent , Kaya Muhammed Taha 
Published: June 2023

Background: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a prion disease that is always fatal in cattle and is considered an important risk factor for human health. Genetic polymorphisms that alter prion proteins may be associated with susceptibility or resistance to infectious spongiform encephalopathy. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of the 23 bp indel variant in the prion protein (PRNP) gene in Jersey cattle in Turkey.
Methods: A total of 95 unrelated Jersey cattle (79 of reproductive age and 16 of non-reproductive age) from a private farm in Izmir were included in the study. Genomic DNA was obtained from the milk of reproductive-age cattle and the saliva of non-reproductive-age cattle. A 23-bp indel polymorphism in the PRNP gene promoter region was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
Results: The three genotypes of the PRNP 23-bp indel variant were classified as follows: (223 bp), I/D (both 223 and 200 bp fragments), and D/D (200 bp). The frequencies of the I/I, I/D, and D/D genotypes of the PRNP 23-bp indel variant in cattle were 22 (23.16%), 48 (50.53%), and 25 (26.32%). We then examined genotype and allele distribution according to service period. No significant difference was detected in terms of PRNP gene 23 bp-indel variant genotype and allele distribution in the groups created according to the service period (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Although the PRNP gene 23 bp-indel variant genotype and allele distribution in jersey-type cattle in Turkey did not differ according to service period, our results may benefit the understanding of the genetic characteristics of the PRNP gene in cattle breeds.