bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital Admissions in Pediatric Patients With Tracheostomies Based on Rurality and Insurance Status
Authors: Van Horn Adam J. , Good Raquel , Thatcher Aaron L. , Nation Javan J. , Friesen Tzyynong L. , Kirkham Erin M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveDetermine whether rurality or public insurance status is associated with greater 30‐day readmission after tracheostomy in pediatric patients.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingPediatric Health Information System (PHIS) Database.MethodsPatients within PHIS who underwent tracheostomy from 2013 to 2017 were included. Rural status was defined by rural‐urban commuting area codes. Insurance status was based on the primary payer. All‐cause 30‐day readmissions and tracheostomy‐related readmissions were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to test for differences in readmissions between cohorts.ResultsAmong patients, 1092 were rural, and 4329 were publicly insured, with no significant association between rurality and insurance. Compared to nonrural patients, rural patients were more frequently white, less frequently ventilator dependent, and more likely discharged home rather than to a care facility. Publicly insured patients were more frequently non‐white. Twenty‐eight percent of patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Odds of 30‐day readmission were lower in rural patients (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68‐0.95, p = .01) but higher in publicly insured (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09‐1.42, p = .001) controlling for age at tracheostomy, sex, race, and ventilator dependence. The odds of tracheostomy‐related admission did not differ by rurality but were higher in publicly insured children (1.39, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.88, p = .03).ConclusionReadmission within 30 days following tracheostomy was more likely in publicly insured patients and less likely in rural patients. These findings help identify at‐risk patients when considering discharge planning and follow‐up. More work is needed to understand long‐term tracheostomy outcomes in these groups.
Assessing the Risk of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Initiation Delays With Social Support Surveys
Authors: Renslo Bryan , Sawaf Tuleen , Virgen Celina G. , Farrokhian Nathan , Yu Katherine M. , Somani Shaan N. , Penn Joseph , Ziegler Andrea , Gan Gregory N. , Kakarala Kiran , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Bur Andrés M. , Sykes Kevin J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), initiating postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) greater than 42 days after surgery is associated with a higher risk of poor survival outcomes. Social support has been shown to modulate behaviors related to care‐seeking and treatment adherence. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship between social support metrics and PORT delays.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary medical center.MethodsPatients with HNSCC who underwent primary surgical excision requiring PORT were prospectively enrolled. Patient‐perceived social support metrics were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS‐SSS) at initial presurgical evaluation. Associations with PORT delays were evaluated via univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 111 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. An additional 28 patients were recommended to receive PORT but did not initiate treatment and were included for secondary analysis. All four subscales of the MOS‐SSS (positive social interaction, affectionate support, tangible support, and emotional/informational support) were significantly associated with PORT initiation delays on univariable analysis. On multivariable analysis, the overall MOS‐SSS score (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 1.15‐4.35, p = .028) was significantly associated with PORT initiation delays. On secondary analysis, lower tangible support was associated with a lack of PORT initiation (OR 1.63, 1.05‐2.54, p = .028).ConclusionSocial support metrics were significantly associated with PORT delays, which may help promote tighter scheduling and closer monitoring of high‐risk patients.
Parathyroid Autofluorescence in Pediatric Thyroid Surgery: Experience With False Positive and False Negative Results
Authors: Su‐Velez Brooke M. , Hartman Gary E. , Seeley Hilary , Orloff Lisa A. , Noel Julia E. , Meister Kara D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDevices for near‐infrared light stimulation of autofluorescence (NIRAF) allow for intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands with high sensitivity in adults. However, their performance in the pediatric population is unknown. In this case series with chart review at a tertiary academic children's hospital, we investigated pediatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery and concurrent use of a probe‐based NIRAF device. Thirteen patients (ages 6‐18 years) underwent thyroid and/or neck dissection procedures, and 2 patients had revision procedures for a total of 15 cases with the NIRAF device. Eight cases had NIRAF values that matched surgeon opinion of parathyroid tissue or histology when available. Six cases had false positive NIRAF readings (40.0%) and 1 case had false negative readings (6.7%). Compared with surgeon opinion or histology, the NIRAF device confirmed 26 of 34 parathyroid gland candidates (76.5%). These devices need further investigation in pediatric patients, whose tissues may have different autofluorescence characteristics.
Mechanical failure analysis of pultrusion glass fiber pipe based on acoustic emission technology
Authors: Yu Lichao , Liu Guiyu , Wang Wei , Hamada Hiroyuki , Yang Yuqiu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, the mechanical properties and damage modes of pultruded glass fiber/unsaturated polyester composite square pipe for automotive parts were investigated. The pipe structure, fiber mass content, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile, and bending properties and acoustic emission detection damage mechanism of pultruded glass fiber composite pipe were studied. The structure of the cross‐section of the pultrusion pipe is like a sandwich composed of mat layers on both surfaces and a unidirectional fiber layer in middle. Based on the failure analysis of pipe by acoustic emission signal technology, it is found that the tensile damage process was considered into four stages, initial damage, mat layer fracture, intermediate damage, and fiber fracture; while the bending damage process can be divided into two stages as initial and overall damages.
Patient‐reported outcome measures for emotional functioning in cancer patients: Content comparison of the EORTC CAT Core, FACT‐G, HADS, SF‐36, PRO‐CTCAE, and PROMIS instruments
Authors: Rothmund Maria , Pilz Micha J. , Egeter Nathalie , Lidington Emma , Piccinin Claire , Arraras Juan I. , Grønvold Mogens , Holzner Bernhard , van Leeuwen Marieke , Petersen Morten Aa. , Schmidt Heike , Young Teresa , Giesinger Johannes M. ,   EORTC Quality of Life Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer and its treatment can have substantial impact on patients' emotional functioning. Several patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) assessing emotional functioning are available, but differences in content limit the comparability of results. To better understand conceptual (dis)similarities, we conducted a content comparison of commonly used PROMs.MethodsWe included emotional functioning items, scales, and item banks from the EORTC CAT Core, EORTC QLQ‐C30, FACT‐G, Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), SF‐36, PRO‐CTCAE, and PROMIS (item banks for anxiety, depression, and anger). Item content was linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and a hierarchical framework established for PROMIS. Single items could be coded with more than one ICF category but were solely assigned to one facet within the PROMIS framework.ResultsThe measures comprise 132 unique items covering the ICF components ‘Body functions’ (136/153 codings, 88.9%) and ‘Activities and participation’ (15/153, 9.8%). Most ICF codings (112/153, 73.2%) referred to the third‐level category ‘b1528 Emotional functions, other specified’. According to the PROMIS framework 48.5% of the items assessed depression (64/132 items), followed by anxiety (41/132, 31.1%) and anger (26/132, 19.7%). The EORTC measures covered depression, anxiety, and anger in a single measure, while the PROMIS inventory provides separate item banks for these concepts. The FACT‐G, SF‐36, PRO‐CTCAE and HADS covered depression and anxiety, but not anger.ConclusionOur results provide an in‐depth conceptual understanding of selected PROMs and important qualitative information going beyond psychometric evidence. Such information supports the identification of PROMs for which scores can be meaningfully linked with quantitative methods.
Inactivation effects of the mist nebulized with plasma‐activated air on Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the simulated respiratory tract
Authors: Guo Li , Niyazi Gulimire , Huang Lingling , Zhao Pengyu , Wang Zifeng , Lin Jiao , Li Tianhui , Li Gang , Song Liqiang , Liu Dingxin , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlasma‐based technology has been widely applied in the biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental fields. In this study, a new application mode, namely plasma‐activated nebulized mist (PANM) was proposed. The saline was nebulized by the plasma‐activated air to form a mist, and the inactivation effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed based on the simulated respiratory tract. The PANM through the simulated trachea with different lengths or diameters, and the branched once or twice simulated respiratory tract exhibited effective inactivation effects. The PANM through the combined simulated trachea and pig trachea could also inactivate the bacteria on the inner wall of the pig trachea. This study supplied a potent alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
Fatty acids negatively regulate platelet function through formation of noncanonical 15‐lipoxygenase‐derived eicosanoids
Authors: Yamaguchi Adriana , van Hoorebeke Christopher , Tourdot Benjamin E. , Perry Steven C. , Lee Grace , Rhoads Nicole , Rickenberg Andrew , Green Abigail R. , Sorrentino James , Yeung Jennifer , Freedman J. Cody , Holman Theodore R. , Holinstat Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe antiplatelet effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids is primarily attributed to its metabolism to bioactive metabolites by oxygenases, such as lipoxygenases (LOX). Platelets have demonstrated the ability to generate 15‐LOX‐derived metabolites (15‐oxylipins); however, whether 15‐LOX is in the platelet or is required for the formation of 15‐oxylipins remains unclear. This study seeks to elucidate whether 15‐LOX is required for the formation of 15‐oxylipins in the platelet and determine their mechanistic effects on platelet reactivity. In this study, 15‐HETrE, 15‐HETE, and 15‐HEPE attenuated collagen‐induced platelet aggregation, and 15‐HETrE inhibited platelet aggregation induced by different agonists. The observed anti‐aggregatory effect was due to the inhibition of intracellular signaling including αIIbβ3 and protein kinase C activities, calcium mobilization, and granule secretion. While 15‐HETrE inhibited platelets partially through activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor β (PPARβ), 15‐HETE also inhibited platelets partially through activation of PPARα. 15‐HETrE, 15‐HETE, or 15‐HEPE inhibited 12‐LOX in vitro, with arachidonic acid as the substrate. Additionally, a 15‐oxylipin‐dependent attenuation of 12‐HETE level was observed in platelets following ex vivo treatment with 15‐HETrE, 15‐HETE, or 15‐HEPE. Platelets treated with DGLA formed 15‐HETrE and collagen‐induced platelet aggregation was attenuated only in the presence of ML355 or aspirin, but not in the presence of 15‐LOX‐1 or 15‐LOX‐2 inhibitors. Expression of 15‐LOX‐1, but not 15‐LOX‐2, was decreased in leukocyte‐depleted platelets compared to non‐depleted platelets. Taken together, these findings suggest that 15‐oxylipins regulate platelet reactivity; however, platelet expression of 15‐LOX‐1 is low, suggesting that 15‐oxylipins may be formed in the platelet through a 15‐LOX‐independent pathway.
Quantitative systems pharmacology of the eye: Tools and data for ocular QSP
Authors: Kuepfer Lars , Fuellen Georg , Stahnke Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGood eyesight belongs to the most‐valued attributes of health, and diseases of the eye are a significant healthcare burden. Case numbers are expected to further increase in the next decades due to an aging society. The development of drugs in ophthalmology, however, is difficult due to limited accessibility of the eye, in terms of drug administration and in terms of sampling of tissues for drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs). Ocular quantitative systems pharmacology models provide the opportunity to describe the distribution of drugs in the eye as well as the resulting drug‐response in specific segments of the eye. In particular, ocular physiologically‐based PK (PBPK) models are necessary to describe drug concentration levels in different regions of the eye. Further, ocular effect models using molecular data from specific cellular systems are needed to develop dose–response correlations. We here describe the current status of PK/PBPK as well as PD models for the eyes and discuss cellular systems, data repositories, as well as animal models in ophthalmology. The application of the various concepts is highlighted for the development of new treatments for postoperative fibrosis after glaucoma surgery.
Tackling noncommunicable diseases in Africa through football: The case of Malawi
Authors: Kangwerema Allan , Miggo Mictum , Harawa Gracian , Kazanga‐Chiumia Isabel , Haruna Usman Abubakar , Safari Jackson , Lutala Prosper , Kaunda John Thumbiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is evidence that physical inactivity and dietary factors are more common among modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) which are on the rise in Malawi. Football has been shown to have a wide range of health‐related benefits in health education programs, including the promotion of physical activity as a potential intervention in addressing NCDs. In Malawi, few football‐based health promotion programs have been implemented to address NCDs. Among the programs implemented were the Federation Internationale de Football Association 11 for Health initiative which was a school‐based health education program for the youth and the Malawi Ministry of Health's SPORTS FOR HEALTH initiative targeting civil servants. These programs produced significant improvement in physical activity in the participants and also increased their knowledge of both communicable and NCDs. However, these initiatives were not rolled out to many sites across Malawi. As Malawi is tackling rising cases of NCDs, football can be used as a powerful tool in promoting physical activity and it also provides an important platform for the delivery of NCDs’ health promotion messages to a wider audience. Such football‐based initiatives must be designed to directly address modifiable risk factors of NCDs. For successful implementation, there must be a good collaboration among the Ministries of Health and Sports, local football leagues, and other stakeholders.
Imperfect Quantum Photonic Neural Networks
Authors: Ewaniuk Jacob , Carolan Jacques , Shastri Bhavin J. , Rotenberg Nir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantum photonic neural networks are variational photonic circuits that can be trained to implement high‐fidelity quantum operations. However, work‐to‐date has assumed idealized components, including a perfect π Kerr nonlinearity. This work investigates the limitations of non‐ideal quantum photonic neural networks that suffer from fabrication imperfections leading to unbalanced photon loss and imperfect routing, and weak nonlinearities, showing that they can learn to overcome most of these errors. Using the example of a Bell‐state analyzer, the results demonstrate that there is an optimal network size, which balances imperfections versus the ability to compensate for lacking nonlinearities. With a sub‐optimal effective Kerr nonlinearity, it is shown that a network fabricated with current state‐of‐the‐art processes can achieve an unconditional fidelity of 0.905 that increases to 0.999999 if it is possible to precondition success on the detection of a photon in each logical photonic qubit. These results provide a guide to the construction of viable, brain‐inspired quantum photonic devices for emerging quantum technologies.
Inflammatory and vascular biomarkers in post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of over 20 biomarkers
Authors: Yong Shin Jie , Halim Alice , Halim Michael , Liu Shiliang , Aljeldah Mohammed , Al Shammari Basim R. , Alwarthan Sara , Alhajri Mashael , Alawfi Abdulsalam , Alshengeti Amer , Khamis Faryal , Alsalman Jameela , Alshukairi Abeer N. , Abukhamis Nujoud A. , Almaghrabi Fatimah S. , Almuthree Souad A. , Alsulaiman Abdulrahman M. , Alshehail Bashayer M. , Alfaraj Amal H. , Alhawaj Shorouq A. , Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Rabaan Ali A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may inflict a post‐viral condition known as post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS) or long‐COVID. Studies measuring levels of inflammatory and vascular biomarkers in blood, serum, or plasma of COVID‐19 survivors with PCS versus non‐PCS controls have produced mixed findings. Our review sought to meta‐analyse those studies. A systematic literature search was performed across five databases until 25 June 2022, with an updated search on 1 November 2022. Data analyses were performed with Review Manager and R Studio statistical software. Twenty‐four biomarkers from 23 studies were meta‐analysed. Higher levels of C‐reactive protein (Standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.02–0.39), D‐dimer (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09–0.46), lactate dehydrogenase (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.05–0.54), and leukocytes (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.02–0.66) were found in COVID‐19 survivors with PCS than in those without PCS. After sensitivity analyses, lymphocytes (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12–0.48) and interleukin‐6 (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12–0.49) were also significantly higher in PCS than non‐PCS cases. No significant differences were noted in the remaining biomarkers investigated (e.g., ferritin, platelets, troponin, and fibrinogen). Subgroup analyses suggested the biomarker changes were mainly driven by PCS cases diagnosed via manifestation of organ abnormalities rather than symptomatic persistence, as well as PCS cases with duration of <6 than ≥6 months. In conclusion, our review pinpointed certain inflammatory and vascular biomarkers associated with PCS, which may shed light on potential new approaches to understanding, diagnosing, and treating PCS.
Resilient time‐varying output formation tracking of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems under malicious false data injection attacks and denial‐of‐service attacks over digraphs
Authors: Feng Zhi , Hu Guoqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA distributed control fashion of cooperative formation tracking may be vulnerable to malicious attacks on sensors and communications that deteriorate the formation tracking performance or even destabilize the entire multiagent system. This article addresses a resilient time‐varying output formation tracking problem of linear heterogeneous multiagent systems, where an attacker can adversely inject false data injection (FDI) attacks on sensors and Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks on communications. Both characteristics will not only enhance the practical relevance of the studied issue, but also bring nontrivial design challenges of distributed control algorithms and convergence analysis. A novel resilient distributed control architecture is developed to guarantee a global exponential time‐varying output formation tracking. In particular, the design includes features: (1) a resilient distributed leader estimator is developed to estimate the leader's state for each follower under DoS attacks over digraphs; (2) a distributed output feedback controller integrated with an observer‐based resilient mechanism is developed to achieve the time‐varying output formation tracking under attacks; (3) unlike existing related works to handle attacks as bounded disturbances or faults, the proposed design is resilient to enable exponential convergence, whereas many related works obtain uniformly ultimately boundedness (UUB) convergence. Simulation results are presented to validate the design's effectiveness.
Soil organic carbon changes in a Carolina Bay wetland 15 years after restoration
Authors: Moritz Christopher M. , Vepraskas Michael J. , Ricker Matthew C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvaluating wetland restoration success is complicated. In this study, soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in a Carolina Bay wetland (CBW) were determined for pre‐ and post‐restoration periods and compared to values in reference wetlands to determine if SOC could be used to evaluate restoration success. The CBW was Juniper Bay in Robeson County, NC, USA, that had been restored for 15 years following its use for agriculture. Previously, we determined both pre‐restoration SOCs and post‐restoration hydrology. Saturation occurrence and anaerobic conditions (15 years following restoration) were confirmed with Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) tubes. Soil morphological features, litter thickness, and SOC to 75 cm were also determined. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in numbers of hydric soil field indicators in the organic soils and no differences in the mineral soils (p > 0.10) between pre‐ and post‐restoration periods. Litter thickness post‐restoration increased linearly with saturation duration. SOC decreased following restoration by 49% in mineral soils and 24% in organic soils as compared to pre‐restoration values. SOC concentrations in the restored wetland were not significantly different than those in reference wetlands indicating that the Juniper Bay restoration was successfully sequestering C. Litter thickness may be a good indicator of restoration success. SOC levels may decrease compared to reference wetland values if pre‐restoration soils were in agriculture.
Multicolor 3D Orbital Tracking
Authors: Mieskes Frank , Ploetz Evelyn , Wehnekamp Fabian , Rat Virgile , Lamb Don C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFeedback‐based single‐particle tracking (SPT) is a powerful technique for investigating particle behavior with very high spatiotemporal resolution. The ability to follow different species and their interactions independently adds a new dimension to the information available from SPT. However, only a few approaches have been expanded to multiple colors and no method is currently available that can follow two differently labeled biomolecules in 4 dimensions independently. In this proof‐of‐concept paper, the new modalities available when performing 3D orbital tracking with a second detection channel are demonstrated. First, dual‐color tracking experiments are described studying independently diffusing particles of different types. For interacting particles where their motion is correlated, a second modality is implemented where a particle is tracked in one channel and the position of the second fluorescence species is monitored in the other channel. As a third modality, 3D orbital tracking is performed in one channel while monitoring its spectral signature in a second channel. This last modality is used to successfully readout accurate Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) values over time while tracking a mobile particle.