bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Carbon Isotope Signature of Methane Released From Phytoplankton
Authors: Klintzsch T. , Geisinger H. , Wieland A. , Langer G. , Nehrke G. , Bizic M. , Greule M. , Lenhart K. , Borsch C. , Schroll M. , Keppler F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAquatic ecosystems play an important role in global methane cycling and many field studies have reported methane supersaturation in the oxic surface mixed layer (SML) of the ocean and in the epilimnion of lakes. The origin of methane formed under oxic condition is hotly debated and several pathways have recently been offered to explain the “methane paradox.” In this context, stable isotope measurements have been applied to constrain methane sources in supersaturated oxygenated waters. Here we present stable carbon isotope signatures for six widespread marine phytoplankton species, three haptophyte algae and three cyanobacteria, incubated under laboratory conditions. The observed isotopic patterns implicate that methane formed by phytoplankton might be clearly distinguished from methane produced by methanogenic archaea. Comparing results from phytoplankton experiments with isotopic data from field measurements, suggests that algal and cyanobacterial populations may contribute substantially to methane formation observed in the SML of oceans and lakes.
Reduction in regulatory T cells in preterm newborns is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Pacella Ilenia , Di Chiara Maria , Prota Rita , De Luca Chiara , Cardillo Annalisa , Potenza Elena , Grimaldos Alessandra Pinzon , Pinna Valeria , Piconese Silvia , Terrin Gianluca 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite multifactorial pathogenesis, dysregulation of inflammatory immune response may play a crucial role in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in immune tolerance early in life. We aimed to investigate the predicting role of Tregs in developing NEC in neonates at high risk.

Methods
We studied six newborns with a diagnosis of NEC (cases) in comparison with 52 controls (without NEC). We further classified controls as neonates with feeding intolerance (FI) and neonates without it (FeedTol). The rate of female and male neonates (sex defined as a biological attribute) was similar. We analyzed the blood frequency of Tregs (not overall numbers) at three time points: 0–3 (T0), 7–10 (T1), and 27–30 (T2) days after birth by flow cytometry. Neonates’ sex was defined based on the inspection of external genitalia at birth.

Results
We observed, at T0, a significantly lower frequency of Tregs in NEC cases (p < 0.001) compared with both FI (p < 0.01) and FeedTol controls (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis reported that the occurrence of NEC was independently influenced by Treg frequency at birth (ß 2.98; p = 0.039).

Conclusion
Tregs frequency and features in the peripheral blood of preterm neonates, early in life, may contribute to identifying neonates at high risk of developing NEC.

Impact

Regulatory T cells may play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response in early life. Reduction of Tregs in early life could predispose preterm newborns to necrotizing enterocolitis.

Early markers of necrotizing enterocolitis are still lacking. We demonstrated a predicting role of assessment of regulatory T cells in the diagnosis of this gastrointestinal emergency.

Early identification of newborns at high risk of necrotizing enterocolitis through measurement of regulatory T cells may guide clinicians in the management of preterm newborns in order to reduce the development of this severe condition.
PersonALL: a genetic scoring guide for personalized risk assessment in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Bedics Gábor , Egyed Bálint , Kotmayer Lili , Benard-Slagter Anne , de Groot Karel , Bekő Anna , Hegyi Lajos László , Bátai Bence , Krizsán Szilvia , Kriván Gergely , Erdélyi Dániel J. , Müller Judit , Haltrich Irén , Kajtár Béla , Pajor László , Vojcek Ágnes , Ottóffy Gábor , Ujfalusi Anikó , Szegedi István , Tiszlavicz Lilla Györgyi , Bartyik Katalin , Csanádi Krisztina , Péter György , Simon Réka , Hauser Péter , Kelemen Ágnes , Sebestyén Endre , Jakab Zsuzsanna , Matolcsy András , Kiss Csongor , Kovács Gábor , Savola Suvi , Bödör Csaba , Alpár Donát 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent genetic lesions provide basis for risk assessment in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, current prognostic classifiers rely on a limited number of predefined sets of alterations.MethodsDisease-relevant copy number aberrations (CNAs) were screened genome-wide in 260 children with B-cell precursor ALL. Results were integrated with cytogenetic data to improve risk assessment.ResultsCNAs were detected in 93.8% (n = 244) of the patients. First, cytogenetic profiles were combined withIKZF1status (IKZF1normal,IKZF1delandIKZF1plus) and three prognostic subgroups were distinguished with significantly different 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rates, IKAROS-low (n = 215): 86.3%, IKAROS-medium (n = 27): 57.4% and IKAROS-high (n = 18): 37.5%. Second, contribution of genetic aberrations to the clinical outcome was assessed and an aberration-specific score was assigned to each prognostically relevant alteration. By aggregating the scores of aberrations emerging in individual patients, personalized cumulative values were calculated and used for defining four prognostic subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes. Two favorable subgroups included 60% of patients (n = 157) with a 5-year EFS of 96.3% (excellent risk,n = 105) and 87.2% (good risk,n = 52), respectively; while 40% of patients (n = 103) showed high (n = 74) or ultra-poor (n = 29) risk profile (5-year EFS: 67.4% and 39.0%, respectively).ConclusionsPersonALL, our conceptually novel prognostic classifier considers all combinations of co-segregating genetic alterations, providing a highly personalized patient stratification.
Thermoelectric signature of quantum critical phase in a doped spin-liquid candidate
Authors: Wakamatsu K. , Suzuki Y. , Fujii T. , Miyagawa K. , Taniguchi H. , Kanoda K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQuantum spin liquid is a nontrivial magnetic state of longstanding interest, in which spins are strongly correlated and entangled but do not order; further intriguing is its doped version, which possibly hosts strange metal and unconventional superconductivity. A promising candidate of the doped spin liquid is a triangular-lattice organic conductor, κ-(BEDT-TTF)4Hg2.89Br8, recently found to hold metallicity, spin-liquid-like magnetism, and BEC-like superconductivity. The nature of the metallic state with the spin-liquid behaviour is awaiting to be further clarified. Here, we report the thermoelectric signature that mobile holes in the spin liquid background are in a quantum critical state and it pertains to the BEC-like superconductivity. The Seebeck coefficient divided by temperature, S/T, is enhanced on cooling with logarithmic divergence indicative of quantum criticality. Furthermore, the logarithmic enhancement is correlated with the superconducting transition temperature under pressure variation, and the temperature and magnetic field profile of S/T upon the superconducting transition change with pressure in a consistent way with the previously suggested BEC-BCS crossover. The present results reveal that the quantum criticality in a doped spin liquid emerges in a phase, not at a point, and is involved in the unconventional BEC-like nature.
Non-line-of-sight snapshots and background mapping with an active corner camera
Authors: Seidel Sheila , Rueda-Chacón Hoover , Cusini Iris , Villa Federica , Zappa Franco , Yu Christopher , Goyal Vivek K 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ability to form reconstructions beyond line-of-sight view could be transformative in a variety of fields, including search and rescue, autonomous vehicle navigation, and reconnaissance. Most existing active non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging methods use data collection steps in which a pulsed laser is directed at several points on a relay surface, one at a time. The prevailing approaches include raster scanning of a rectangular grid on a vertical wall opposite the volume of interest to generate a collection of confocal measurements. These and a recent method that uses a horizontal relay surface are inherently limited by the need for laser scanning. Methods that avoid laser scanning to operate in a snapshot mode are limited to treating the hidden scene of interest as one or two point targets. In this work, based on more complete optical response modeling yet still without multiple illumination positions, we demonstrate accurate reconstructions of foreground objects while also introducing the capability of mapping the stationary scenery behind moving objects. The ability to count, localize, and characterize the sizes of hidden objects, combined with mapping of the stationary hidden scene, could greatly improve indoor situational awareness in a variety of applications.
Using a physics-informed neural network and fault zone acoustic monitoring to predict lab earthquakes
Authors: Borate Prabhav , Rivière Jacques , Marone Chris , Mali Ankur , Kifer Daniel , Shokouhi Parisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPredicting failure in solids has broad applications including earthquake prediction which remains an unattainable goal. However, recent machine learning work shows that laboratory earthquakes can be predicted using micro-failure events and temporal evolution of fault zone elastic properties. Remarkably, these results come from purely data-driven models trained with large datasets. Such data are equivalent to centuries of fault motion rendering application to tectonic faulting unclear. In addition, the underlying physics of such predictions is poorly understood. Here, we address scalability using a novel Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN). Our model encodes fault physics in the deep learning loss function using time-lapse ultrasonic data. PINN models outperform data-driven models and significantly improve transfer learning for small training datasets and conditions outside those used in training. Our work suggests that PINN offers a promising path for machine learning-based failure prediction and, ultimately for improving our understanding of earthquake physics and prediction.
Impaired mnemonic discrimination in children and adolescents at risk for schizophrenia
Authors: İmamoğlu Aslıhan , Wahlheim Christopher N. , Belger Aysenil , S. Giovanello Kelly 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeople with schizophrenia and their high-risk, first-degree relatives report widespread episodic memory impairments that are purportedly due, at least in part, to failures of mnemonic discrimination. Here, we examined the status of mnemonic discrimination in 36 children and adolescents (aged 11–17 years) with and without familial risk for schizophrenia by employing an object-based recognition task called the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). The MST assesses the ability to discriminate between studied images and unstudied images that are either perceptually similar to studied images or completely novel. We compared 16 high-risk, unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or schizoaffective disorder to 20 low-risk, control participants. High-risk participants showed worse mnemonic discrimination than low-risk participants, with no difference in recognition memory or perceptual discrimination. Our findings demonstrate that mnemonic discrimination deficits previously observed in people with schizophrenia are also present in their young, high-risk, first-degree relatives.
Validation of collaborative cyberspace virtual reality oculometry enhanced with near real-time spatial audio
Authors: Maloca Peter M. , Zarranz-Ventura Javier , Valmaggia Philippe , Faludi Balázs , Zelechowski Marek , Tufail Adnan , Zentai Norbert Z. , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Cattin Philippe C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurrently, most medical image data, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, are displayed in two dimensions on a computer screen. Advances in computer information technology have contributed to the growing storage of these data in electronic form. However, the data are usually processed only locally on site. To overcome such hurdles, a cyberspace virtual reality (csVR) application was validated, in which interactive OCT data were presented simultaneously to geographically distant sites (Lucerne, London, and Barcelona) where three graders independently measured the ocular csVR OCT diameters. A total of 109 objects were measured, each three times, resulting in a total of 327 csVR measurements. A minor mean absolute difference of 5.3 µm was found among the 3 measurements of an object (standard deviation 4.2 µm, coefficient of variation 0.3% with respect to the mean object size). Despite the 5 h of online work, csVR was well tolerated and safe. Digital high-resolution OCT data can be remotely and collaboratively processed in csVR. With csVR, measurements and actions enhanced with spatial audio communication can be made consistently in near real time, even if the users are situated geographically far apart. The proposed visuo-auditory framework has the potential to further boost the convenience of digital medicine toward csVR precision and collaborative medicine.
Going beyond established model systems of Alzheimer’s disease: companion animals provide novel insights into the neurobiology of aging
Authors: de Sousa Alexandra A. , Rigby Dames Brier A. , Graff Emily C. , Mohamedelhassan Rania , Vassilopoulos Tatianna , Charvet Christine J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by brain plaques, tangles, and cognitive impairment. AD is one of the most common age-related dementias in humans. Progress in characterizing AD and other age-related disorders is hindered by a perceived dearth of animal models that naturally reproduce diseases observed in humans. Mice and nonhuman primates are model systems used to understand human diseases. Still, these model systems lack many of the biological characteristics of Alzheimer-like diseases (e.g., plaques, tangles) as they grow older. In contrast, companion animal models (cats and dogs) age in ways that resemble humans. Both companion animal models and humans show evidence of brain atrophy, plaques, and tangles, as well as cognitive decline with age. We embrace a One Health perspective, which recognizes that the health of humans is connected to those of animals, and we illustrate how such a perspective can work synergistically to enhance human and animal health. A comparative biology perspective is ideally suited to integrate insights across veterinary and human medical disciplines and solve long-standing problems in aging.
Suppressed vascular Rho-kinase activation is a protective cardiovascular mechanism in obese female mice
Authors: Barbosa Gabriela S. , Costa Rafael Menezes , Awata Wanessa M.C. , Singh Shubhnita , Alves Juliano V. , Bruder-Nascimento Ariane , Corrêa Camila R. , Bruder-Nascimento Thiago 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Obesity is the number one cardiovascular risk factor for both men and women and is a complex condition. Although a sex dimorphism on vascular function has already been noted, the underlying processes remain unclear. The Rho-kinase pathway has a unique role in controlling vascular tone, and in obese male mice, hyperactivation of this system results in worsened vascular constriction. We investigated whether female mice exhibit decreased Rho-kinase activation as a protective mechanism in obesity.
Methods: We exposed male and female mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. At the end, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, adipose tissue inflammation, and vascular function were investigated.
Results: Male mice were more sensitive to HFD-induced body weight gain, glucose tolerance, and inflammation than female mice. After establishing obesity, female mice demonstrated increase in energy expenditure, characterized by an increase in heat, whereas male mice did not. Interestingly, obese female mice, but not male, displayed attenuated vascular contractility to different agonists, such difference was blunted by inhibition of Rho-kinase, which was accompanied by a suppressed Rho-kinase activation, measured by Western blot. Finally, aortae from obese male mice displayed an exacerbated inflammation, whereas obese female demonstrated a mild vascular inflammation.
Conclusion: In obesity, female mice demonstrate a vascular protective mechanism—suppression of vascular Rho-kinase—to minimize the cardiovascular risk associated with obesity, whereas male mice do not generate any adaptive response. Future investigations can help to understand how Rho-kinase becomes suppressed in female during obesity.
Structural polymorphism of the PH domain in TFIIH
Authors: Okuda Masahiko , Nishimura Yoshifumi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The general transcription factor TFIIH is a multi-subunit complex involved in transcription, DNA repair, and cell cycle in eukaryotes. In the human p62 subunit and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tfb1 subunit of TFIIH, the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain (hPH/scPH) recruits TFIIH to transcription-start and DNA-damage sites by interacting with an acidic intrinsically disordered region in transcription and repair factors. Whereas metazoan PH domains are highly conserved and adopt a similar structure, fungal PH domains are divergent and only the scPH structure is available. Here, we have determined the structure of the PH domain from Tfb1 of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (spPH) by NMR. spPH holds an architecture, including the core and external backbone structures, that is closer to hPH than to scPH despite having higher amino acid sequence identity to scPH. In addition, the predicted target-binding site of spPH shares more amino acid similarity with scPH, but spPH contains several key residues identified in hPH as required for specific binding. Using chemical shift perturbation, we have identified binding modes of spPH to spTfa1, a homologue of hTFIIEα, and to spRhp41, a homologue of the repair factors hXPC and scRad4. Both spTfa1 and spRhp41 bind to a similar but distinct surface of spPH by modes that differ from those of target proteins binding to hPH and scPH, revealing that the PH domain of TFIIH interacts with its target proteins in a polymorphic manner in Metazoa, and budding and fission yeasts.
Physiological Arousal, Attentiveness, Emotion, and Word Retrieval in Aphasia: Effects and Relationships
Authors: Harmon Tyson G. , Johnson Angela , Ward Vivian , Nissen Shawn L. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:This study aimed to (a) compare physiological arousal and attentiveness during a confrontational naming task between participants with aphasia and a control group across four conditions that varied according to emotionality of presented stimuli and (b) explore relationships among physiological arousal, attentiveness, perceived arousal, and naming performance. We hypothesized that participants with aphasia would show lower levels of arousal and attentiveness than control participants and that emotional conditions would lead to increased physiological arousal and attentiveness.Method:Eight participants with aphasia and 15 control participants completed a confrontational naming task under positive, negative, and neutral conditions and rated their perceived arousal after each. Electrophysiological recordings were taken during the entire experiment to obtain measures of heart rate (HR), HR variability, and skin conductance (SC). Videos of confrontational naming trials were rated based on visual signs of participant attentiveness during each trial.Results:Statistically significant group differences were found for HR, SC, and attentiveness ratings, but no differences were found in these measures among conditions. Correlational analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between attentiveness and response time, HR, and naming accuracy. Significant correlations were also found for HR and naming accuracy as well as perceived arousal and naming accuracy.Conclusions:Findings suggest that decreased physiological arousal or attentiveness may contribute to naming deficits for people with aphasia (PWA). Assisting PWA to fully attend to and engage in therapy tasks may be important for accurate assessment of language functions and for achieving optimal benefit in treatment.
Normative Reference Values for FEES and VASES: Preliminary Data From 39 Nondysphagic, Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Curtis James A. , Borders James C. , Dakin Avery E. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to establish preliminary reference values for the Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety (VASES)—a standardized rating methodology used to evaluate swallowing safety and efficiency for flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).

Method:
FEES were completed in nondysphagic, community-dwelling adults using a standardized protocol of 15 swallowing trials that varied by bolus size, consistency, contrast agent, and swallowing instructions. FEES were blindly analyzed using VASES. Primary outcome measures included bolus location at swallow onset, Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores, and percentage-based residue ratings for six anatomic landmarks. Secondary outcome measures included sip size, bite size, and number of swallows.

Results:
Thirty-nine healthy adults completed the study, yielding an analysis of 584 swallows. Swallows were initiated with the bolus in the pharynx for 41.8% of trials. PAS 1 was the most common score, accounting for 75.3% of trials, followed by PAS 3, which accounted for 18.8% of trials. When residue was present (> 0%), the amount was relatively small across all anatomic landmarks, with median residue ratings of 2.0% (oropharynx), 1.5% (hypopharynx), 3.0% (epiglottis), 3.0% (laryngeal vestibule), and 3.5% (vocal folds). Five events of aspiration were observed, which were characterized by subglottic residue ratings of 1%, 3%, 10%, 24%, and 90%. The average sip size of self-selected volume cup sips of water was 19.8 ml, and the average bite size of a 3.0-g saltine cracker was 1.33 g. Moreover, 78% of the trials in this study protocol (except 90-ml trials) were completed in a single swallow.

Discussion:

The results from this study provide preliminary norms for VASES that could be used as a reference when assessing functional swallowing outcomes during FEES. While this is an important first step in establishing norms for FEES and VASES, clinicians and researchers should be mindful that the normative reference values from this study are from a relatively small study sample (
N
= 39), with most people below the age of 60 years (
n
= 30). Future research should expand on these norms by including a greater number of people across the age continuum and with greater racial, ethnic, and gender diversity.

Supplemental Material and Open Science Form:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23504325