bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of atopy on the clinical characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients
Authors: Qin Yujie , Yang Yuxia , Li Junxiang , Guan Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the pathogens that cause community-acquired pneumonia in children. Atopic diseases are also common in children. However, the impact of atopy on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of atopy on the clinical characteristics of MPP in children, and provide a diagnosis and treatment plan. A total of 489 children hospitalized for MPP in our hospital from June 2023 to December 2023 were selected. They were divided into an atopic group (n = 172) and a non-atopic group (n = 317) based on whether they had atopy or not. Clinical data, treatment regimens, and laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups. Eosinophil count, lactate dehydrogenase and IgE levels were higher in the atopic group than in the non-atopic group. Additionally, neutrophil percentage, procalcitonin levels were lower in the atopic group than in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). The proportion of bronchiolitis type on lung imaging was higher in the atopic group, and there was a higher incidence of severe pneumonia compared to the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). Atopy may lead to severe MPP and bronchiolitis-type MPP. Therefore, the treatment and prognosis of these children should be given more attention.
Pioneering genome editing in parthenogenetic stick insects: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout in Medauroidea extradentata
Authors: Di Cristina Giulia , Dirksen Elina , Altenhein Benjamin , Büschges Ansgar , Korsching Sigrun I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The parthenogenetic life cycle of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata offers unique advantages for the generation of genome-edited strains, as an isogenic and stable mutant line can in principle be achieved already in the first generation (G0). However, genetic tools for the manipulation of their genes had not been developed until now. Here, we successfully implement CRISPR/Cas9 as a technique to modify the genome of the stick insect M. extradentata. As proof-of-concept we targeted two genes involved in the ommochrome pathway of eye pigmentation (cinnabar and white, second and first exon, respectively), to generate knockout (KO) mutants. Microinjections were performed within 24 h after oviposition, to focus on the mononuclear (and haploid) stage of development. The KOs generated resulted in distinct eye and cuticle colour phenotypes for cinnabar and white. Homozygous cinnabar mutants showed pale pigmentation of eyes and cuticle. They develop into adults capable of producing viable eggs. Homozygous white KO resulted in a completely unpigmented phenotype in developing embryos that were unable to hatch. In conclusion, we show that CRISPR/Cas9 can be successfully applied to the genome of M. extradentata by creating phenotypically different and viable insects. This powerful gene editing technique can now be employed to create stable genetically modified lines using a parthenogenetic non-model organism.
A disproportionality analysis of FDA adverse event reporting system events for misoprostol
Authors: Yang Li , Xu Wenting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Misoprostol was originally used to treat gastric ulcers, and has been widely used in abortion, cervical maturation, induced labour and postpartum hemorrhage. But there are still many undetected adverse events (AEs). The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the safety of misoprostol. Adverse events related to misoprostol were collected from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2024. This study used proportional disequilibrium methods such as reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) to detect AEs. After analyzing 17,427,762 adverse event reports, a total of 2032 adverse events reports related to misoprostol were identified, involving 23 system organ classes and 30 preferred terms. The most common AEs were foetal exposure during delivery(n = 201), uterine tachysystole(n = 95), uterine rupture (n = 95), and heart rate decreased (n = 93). Although most AEs complied with the drug instruction, new AEs signals such as congenital aqueductal stenosis and congenital brain damage were also identified. Clinicians should make appropriate evaluation when using misoprostol, closely monitor the indicators of patients, and have appropriate countermeasures for possible adverse events.
Tolterodine is a novel candidate for assessing CYP3A4 activity through metabolic volatiles to predict drug responses
Authors: Stock Valentina , Hofer Rebecca , Lochmann Franziska , Spanke Vera , Liedl Klaus R. , Troppmair Jakob , Langer Thierry , Gstach Hubert , Dank Christian , Mayhew Chris A. , Kammerer Sarah , Ruzsanyi Veronika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 plays a major role in drug metabolism. Its activity could be determined by non-invasive and cost-effective assays, such as breath analysis, for the personalised monitoring of drug response. For the first time, we identify an isotopically unlabelled CYP3A4 substrate, tolterodine that leads to the formation of a non-toxic volatile metabolite, acetone, which could potentially be applied to monitor CYP3A4 activity in humans. In vitro biotransformation of tolterodine by HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP3A4, CYP2D6 or CYP2C9 was investigated by LC-MS analysis of cell culture supernatant for the non-volatile metabolite, N-dealkylated tolterodine, and PTR-ToF-MS analysis of the headspace for acetone. The highest level of the N-dealkylated metabolite was produced by HepG2-CYP3A4. Concentration dependent effects of tolterodine were analysed, resulting in TC50 values of 414 µM and 375 µM for HepG2-CYP3A4 and reference cells, respectively. Acetone and N-dealkylated tolterodine levels increased continuously over 24 h in HepG2-CYP3A4. Treatment with either a pan-CYP inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole, or a CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole, considerably reduced the production of both metabolites in HepG2-CYP3A4 cells. These findings pave the way for the further development of non-invasive breath tests using unlabelled precursors to determine CYP enzyme activity in individuals.
Targeting aldolase A in hepatocellular carcinoma leads to imbalanced glycolysis and energy stress due to uncontrolled FBP accumulation
Authors: Snaebjornsson Marteinn T. , Poeller Philipp , Komkova Daria , Röhrig Florian , Schlicker Lisa , Winkelkotte Alina M. , Chaves-Filho Adriano B. , Al-Shami Kamal M. , Caballero Carolina Dehesa , Koltsaki Ioanna , Vogel Felix C. E. , Frias-Soler Roberto Carlos , Rudalska Ramona , Schwarz Jessica D. , Wolf Elmar , Dauch Daniel , Steuer Ralf , Schulze Almut 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Increased glycolytic flux is a hallmark of cancer; however, an increasing body of evidence indicates that glycolytic ATP production may be dispensable in cancer, as metabolic plasticity allows cancer cells to readily adapt to disruption of glycolysis by increasing ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Using functional genomic screening, we show here that liver cancer cells show a unique sensitivity toward aldolase A (ALDOA) depletion. Targeting glycolysis by disrupting the catalytic activity of ALDOA led to severe energy stress and cell cycle arrest in murine and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. With a combination of metabolic flux analysis, metabolomics, stable-isotope tracing and mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that inhibiting ALDOA induced a state of imbalanced glycolysis in which the investment phase outpaced the payoff phase. Targeting ALDOA effectively converted glycolysis from an energy producing into an energy-consuming process. Moreover, we found that depletion of ALDOA extended survival and reduced cancer cell proliferation in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, our findings indicate that induction of imbalanced glycolysis by targeting ALDOA presents a unique opportunity to overcome the inherent metabolic plasticity of cancer cells.
Projected runoff declines from plant physiological effects on precipitation
Authors: Lesk Corey S. , Winter Jonathan M. , Mankin Justin S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The impact of plants on runoff under high atmospheric CO2 is a major uncertainty for future water resources. Theory and Earth system models (ESMs) suggest that stricter plant stomatal regulation under high CO2 will reduce transpiration, potentially boosting runoff. Yet, across a 12-member ensemble of idealized ESM simulations that isolate plant responses to CO2, we show that lower transpiration robustly enhances runoff over only 5% of modelled global land area. Precipitation changes are five times more important than transpiration changes in driving runoff responses and are a significant signal of CO2 physiological forcing over 31–57% of land areas across models. Crucially, ESMs largely disagree on where physiologically forced precipitation changes occur but agree that plant responses in most locations are as likely to reduce runoff as increase it. These results imply that large model uncertainties in precipitation responses, rather than transpiration responses, explain why ESMs disagree on plant physiologically driven runoff changes.
The impact of the Bangkok metro expansion via Big Taxi GPS probe data
Authors: Ayaragarnchanakul Eva , Klauber Hannah , Nachtigall Florian , Wagner Felix , Hu Jia-wei , Creutzig Felix 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Urban rail investments in megacities aim to reduce congestion and related externalities. This study investigates the impact of Bangkok’s metro expansion on taxi trips using GPS-based data from 2017 to 2019. A rigorous approach to processing and analyzing the extensive traffic data in a difference-in-differences estimation framework shows that the metro expansion decreases taxi trips by approximately 32.2%, compared to areas not served by the metro system. This effect persists for catchment sizes of 300, 500, and 800 meters and increases over time. Bangkok’s 19 new metro stations result in an annual climate benefit of approximately 0.17–0.34 MtCO2-eq yearly or 0.21–0.42% of Thailand’s transport sector emissions. Excluding private vehicle trips from the analysis, this is a conservative estimate of total climate savings. Multi-decadal CO2 emission savings are valued at around $1 billion, supporting the need for climate funding for transit systems in rapidly growing cities in developing countries.
Hot carrier dynamics in the BA2PbBr4/MoS2 heterostructure
Authors: Parveen Sumaiya , Pal Pratap Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Suchetana , Majumder Sudipta , Bisoi Swapneswar , Rahman Atikur , Barman Anjan 
Published: January 2025

The hot phonon bottleneck in BA2PbBr4 perovskite and MoS2 heterostructure extends electron relaxation, offering insights into interfacial coupling and dynamics for efficient optoelectronics.
QoE‐based dynamic resource allocation for heterogeneous smart distribution grids
Authors: Li You , Huo Yan , Zhou Zhongguo , Gao Qinghe , Jing Tao , Yan Tao , Xiao Sisi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the realm of conventional smart distribution grid resource allocation, the prevalent issue resides in its narrow focus on base station capacity, striving to optimize resource allocation for base station communication while disregarding the genuine requirements on the user side. This inadvertently leads to excessive squandering of wireless resources, despite already fulfilling the fundamental service demands of terminal operations. This article, while taking into account the capacity of base stations, introduces an innovative approach by amalgamating the terminal operations concerning data rate, latency, and packet loss rate. Through the construction of a Quality of Experience (QoE) evaluation framework, a scenario is realized within which user experience requirements are ensured by terminals in various practical settings of smart distribution grids, without wireless resources being needlessly dissipated. In this article, the dynamic resource allocation is tackled using Deep Q‐Networks (DQN), while the reward function is formulated based on QoE. The simulation results, which track the accumulation of reward values throughout the entire operational process, provide substantial validation for the effectiveness and practicality of the ultimately formulated dynamic resource allocation scheme.
A two‐stage approach for single thermal image restoration
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Xu Jinxiang , Cheng Yihui , Su Yi , Yang Biwen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThermal images are prone to significant degradation due to noise, low contrast, and loss of fine details, which poses challenges in many practical applications. Traditional image restoration techniques, particularly those developed for the RGB domain, struggle to effectively balance noise reduction, contrast improvement, and detail preservation when applied to thermal images. In this work, a novel two‐stage deep learning framework designed to address these issues in thermal image restoration is proposed. The approach separates the task into a denoising stage and a contrast enhancement stage, with a particular emphasis on preserving fine details throughout the process. By employing a detail extraction mechanism, the method ensures that crucial image details are maintained, even as noise is reduced and contrast is enhanced. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the method not only outperforms state‐of‐the‐art techniques in terms of PSNR and SSIM, but also excels in preserving fine details.
ALMA detections of circumstellar disks in the giant H II region M17
Authors: Poorta J. , Hogerheijde M. , de Koter A. , Kaper L. , Backs F. , Ramírez Tannus M. C. , McClure M. K. , Hygate A. P. S. , Rab C. , Klaassen P. D. , Derkink A. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Our current understanding is that intermediate- to high-mass stars form in a way similar to low-mass stars, through disk accretion. The expected shorter formation timescales, higher accretion rates, and increasingly strong radiation fields compared to their lower-mass counterparts may lead to significantly different physical conditions that play a role in disk formation, evolution, and the possibility of (sub)stellar companion formation therein.
Aims. We searched for the mm counterparts of four intermediate- to high-mass (4–10 M⊙) young stellar objects (YSOs) in the giant H II region M17 at a distance of 1.7 kpc. These objects expose their photospheric spectrum such that their location on the pre-main-sequence (PMS) is well established. They have a circumstellar disk that is likely remnant of the formation process.
Methods. With ALMA we detected, for the first time, these four YSOs in M17, in Band 6 and 7, as well as four other serendipitous objects. In addition to the flux measurements, the source size and spectral index provide important constraints on the physical mechanism(s) producing the observed emission. We applied different models to estimate the dust and gas mass contained in the disks.
Results. All our detections are spatially unresolved, constraining the source size to <120 au, and have a spectral index in the range 0.5–2.7. The derived (upper limits on) the disk dust masses are on the order of a few M⊕, and estimations of the upper limits on the gas mass vary between 10−5 and 10−3 M⊙. Our modeling suggests that the inner disks of the target YSOs are dust depleted. In two objects (B331 and B268) free-free emission indicates the presence of ionized material around the star. The four serendipitous detections are likely low-mass YSOs. We compared the derived disk masses of our M17 targets to those obtained for YSOs in low-mass star-forming regions (SFRs) and Herbig stars, as a function of stellar mass, age, luminosity, and outer disk radius. The M17 sample, though small, is both the most massive and the youngest sample, yet has the lowest mean disk mass.
Conclusions. The studied intermediate- to high-mass PMS stars are surrounded by low-mass compact disks that likely no longer offer a significant contribution to either the final stellar mass or the formation of a planetary system. Along with the four serendipitous discoveries, our findings show the capability of ALMA to probe disks in relatively distant high-mass SFRs, and offer tentative evidence of the influence of the massive star formation environment on disk formation, lifetime, and evolution.
Non-linear internal waves breaking in stellar-radiation zones
Authors: Mathis S. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Internal gravity waves (IGWs) are one of the mechanisms that can play a key role in efficiently redistributing angular momentum in stars along their evolution. The study of IGWs is thus of major importance since space-based asteroseismology reveals a transport of angular momentum in stars, which is stronger by two orders of magnitude than the one predicted by stellar models ignoring their action or those of magnetic fields.
Aims. IGWs trigger angular momentum transport when they are damped by heat or viscous diffusion, when they meet a critical layer where their phase velocity in the azimuthal direction equals the zonal wind or when they break. Theoretical prescriptions have been derived for the transport of angular momentum induced by IGWs because of their radiative and viscous dampings and of the critical layers they encounter along their propagation. However, none have been proposed for the transport of angular momentum triggered by their non-linear breaking. In this work, we aim to derive such a physical and robust prescription, which can be implemented in stellar structure and evolution codes.
Methods. We adapted an analytical saturation model – which has been developed for IGWs’ nonlinear convective breaking in the Earth’s atmosphere and has been successfully compared to in situ measurements in the stratosphere – to the case of deep spherical stellar interiors. This allowed us to derive the saturated amplitude of the velocity of IGWs breaking in stellar radiation zones through convective overturning of the stable stratification or the instability of the vertical shear of IGWs motion and of the angular momentum transport they trigger. In a first step, we neglected the modification of IGWs by the Coriolis acceleration and the Lorentz force, which are discussed and taken into account in a second step.
Results. We derive a complete semi-analytical prescription for the transport of angular momentum by IGWs that takes into account both their radiative damping and their potential nonlinear breaking because of their convective and vertical shear instabilities. We show that the deposit of angular momentum by breaking waves increases with their latitudinal degree, the ratio of the Brunt-Vaïsälä frequency and the wave frequency; and when the density decreases or the Doppler-shifted frequency vanishes. This allows us to bring the physical prescription for the interactions between IGWs and the differential rotation to the same level of realism as the one used in global circulation models for the atmosphere.
Planetary nebulae of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Ventura P. , Tosi S. , García-Hernández D. A. , Dell’Agli F. , Kamath D. , Stanghellini L. , Bianchi S. , Tailo M. , Gómez-Muñoz M. A. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The study of planetary nebulae (PNe) offers the opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of the dust production mechanism during the very late asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phases, which allows us to assess the role played by AGB stars as dust manufacturers.
Aims. We studied the relationship between the properties of PNe, particularly the gas and dust content, and the mass and metallicity of the progenitor stars to understand how dust production works in the late AGB phases and to shed new light on the physical processes the stars and the material in their surroundings are subject to in the period between the departure from the AGB and the start of the PN phase.
Methods. We considered a sample of nine PNe in the Large Magellanic Cloud, seven of which are characterised by the presence of carbonaceous dust and the remaining two the presence of silicates. For these stars, we estimated the masses and the metallicity of their progenitor stars. We combined results from stellar evolution and dust formation modelling with results from analyses of the spectral energy distribution to determine the relation between the dust and gas mass of the PNe considered and the mass and metallicity of the progenitors.
Results. The physical properties of carbon-rich PNe are influenced by the mass of the progenitor star. Specifically, the dust-to-gas ratio in the nebula increases from 5 × 10−4 to 6 × 10−3 as the progenitor star’s mass increases from approximately 0.9–2 M⊙. This change is partly influenced by the effective temperature of the PNe, and it occurs because higher-mass carbon stars are more efficient at producing dust. Consequently, as the progenitor’s mass increases, the gas mass of the PN decreases since the larger amounts of dust lead to greater effects from radiation pressure, which pushes the gas outwards. No meaningful conclusions can be drawn from the study of the PNe with silicate-type dust, because the subsample comprises two PNe only, one of which is almost dust-free.