bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-speed circulation microflow synthesis facilitating practical large-scale heterogeneous photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Chenguang , Song Lei , Liu Qiong , Chen Weihao , Wang Mu , Zhang Yanbin , Tan Ting Wei , Xu Jinhui , Lei Zhexuan , Cheng Lei , Khan Saif , Wu Jie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although continuous-flow synthesis using microtubing reactors has provided a wealth of opportunities for photochemical synthesis and has proven particularly beneficial in scaling up processes, handling solids and slow reactions remains major hurdles that have hampered its broad application. Here, we present a solution to these issues by changing the continuous-flow mode to a high-speed circulation-flow mode. The high flow rate set in a circulation microflow reactor overcomes solid sedimentation to prevent clogging and improve mixing efficiency. We successfully conducted 100 g-scale C-N and C-S cross-couplings using a heterogeneous photocatalyst and a nickel catalyst in the microflow reactor that significantly outperformed conventional batch reactors. The photocatalyst was recycled and reused 10 times to achieve kg-scale synthesis without obvious deactivation. Even though the reaction occurred in batch mode, semi-continuous production was achieved via automated feeding and collection, and a photo-promoted gas/liquid/solid three-phase trifluoromethylation reaction was employed to produce the drug trifluridine on a kg scale. Our study suggests that a circulation flow reactor with high flow speed will become a crucial tool in the synthetic chemist’s toolbox, owing to its simple infrastructure, ease of operation and automation, significant efficiency improvement compared to conventional batch reactors, scalability, improved safety and tolerance of solids.
Analysis of Adipose Tissue Cytokine Profile in a Chronic Kidney Disease Model with Insulin Resistance
Authors: Li Delun , Chen Bixia , Yuan Siyu , Zhang Min , Wang Xu , Liu Ran , Zhang Li , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
To analyze and compare the cytokine profiles in the adipose of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) model via cytokine antibody chip technology.
Methods
Established CKD and DN models with insulin resistance (IR), and analyzed and compared the different cytokines via cytokine antibody chip technology.
Results
The CKD model with IR (CKDIR) and DN model with IR are accompanied by pathological changes respectively. Thirty differentially expressed proteins were found in the adipocytes of mice in the CKDIR group. The main proteins of action were inflammatory factors. Thirty-four differentially expressed factors were found in tissues of DN mice. The main proteins of action were the lipopolysaccharide response, inflammatory response and other biological processes.
Conclusions
Both CKD and DN models were associated with IR. Adipose differential factors between CKD-IR and DN suggest different molecular pathogenesis of IR associated with CKD and DN.
Bimodal distribution of inter-individual distance in free-ranging narrow-ridged finless porpoises—Potential use of visual and auditory cues
Authors: Terada Tomoyoshi , Morisaka Tadamichi , Yagi Genfu , Kanda Ikuko , Ogawa Kiyohiro , Yoshioka Motoi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Animals must adjust their inter-individual distances (IIDs) by using several cues from other individuals; therefore, IIDs are expected to be restricted by the transmissive distances of such cues. In this study, the IIDs of free-ranging narrow-ridged finless porpoises (NRFPs) (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) are shown to have two distributions that may correspond to the transmissive ranges or active spaces of visual and auditory cues. IIDs were measured using 2.8-h drone video data (DJI Air 2S) at a high altitude (ca. 400 m) for 12 d in two study areas in Ise Bay, Japan. The distribution of IIDs was divided into three categories based on the results of the Bayesian Information Criterion in both areas. The first (6.5 and 5.7 m, in Areas 2 and 1 on average, respectively) and second distribution (102.1 and 80.6 m in Areas 2 and 1 on average, respectively) were significantly shorter than the null model predicted by drone angle of view, whereas the third distribution (248.2 m in Area 2 and 203.2 m in Area 1 in average) did not significantly differ from the null model (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test; p < 0.01 and p = 0.48, respectively). The first distribution of IIDs corresponded to the visible range (water clarity in Ise Bay: approximately 5 m), and the second distribution corresponded to the audible range (active space of echolocation clicks in Ise Bay: median 72.15 m). Free-ranging NRFPs, which have a simple social system, may adjust their IIDs using visible and audible cues from other individuals.
Does Tranexamic acid diminish hemorrhage and pain in open elbow arthrolysis? a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nejat Mohammad Hadi , Khayami Amirhosein , Daliri Mahla , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad-H , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Moradi Ali 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background/ObjectiveEffective hemostasis has the potential to reduce inflammation and pain, leading to potential benefits in the early rehabilitation of patients who undergo elbow arthrolysis. In the present study, we aim to assesse the effects of tranexamic acid (TXA) on elbow arthrolysis postoperative blood loss, patients' pain perception according to the visual analog scale (VAS), elbow range of motion (ROM), and complications.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library for studies comparing blood loss between intravenous (IV) TXA and placebo/no treatment. One randomized clinical trial, and three non-randomized clinical trial studies met eligibility criteria.ResultsThe meta-analysis determined that tranexamic acid application reduced drain output 34mm on average (WMD: -34.00 (95% CI: -49.45, -18.55). There was a discrepancy among included articles in terms of intra-operative blood loss; although the study with the largest sample size (291 and 296 patients in the case and control groups, respectively) reported reduced intra-operative blood loss in patients who received TXA. Results for pain intensity, ROM, and complications such as hematoma and ulnar nerve palsy were inconsistent.ConclusionTXA may be beneficial to reduce elbow arthrolysis bleeding volume. However, it dose not seem to affect final elbow ROM and patients’ pain score. Further high-quality clinical trials are needed to draw a robust conclusion on this topic.Level of evidence:level I (systematic review and meta analysis)
Impacts of different medicinal herbs blends as feed additives on the performance, carcass characteristics, immune traits and some blood constituents of Japanese Quail
Authors: Metwally Moustafa M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective:The effects of six blends of medicinal herbs on performance, carcass characteristics, blood constituents and immunological parameters of Japanese Quail were studied.
Material and Methods: A total of 180 (one hundred eighty), one-day-old unsexed quail chicks were allocated into six dietary treatments including basal diet with no supplement as control group (T1), basal diet plus 15 g/kg of herbal blends including; cinnamon and thyme powder (T2), rosemary and anise seed powder (T3), caraway and coriander powder (T4), Fenugreek and cumin seed powder (T5) and parsley and watercress powder (T6).
Results:The results showed that live body weight (BW) was significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed blends of fenugreek and cumin containing diet at 7 days of age as compared to control. Body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in birds fed blends of parsley and watercress containing diet in 28, 35 and 42 days of age as compared to control. Liver percentage achieved significantly (P<0.05) the highest percentage in chicks fed blends of rosemary and anise seeds powder compared to the other treatments. While, heart percentage achieved the highest percentage in chicks fed blends of caraway and coriander powder compared to the other treatments. Carcass percentage achieved the highest value in chicks fed the control diet. No significant (P>0.05) differences due to the herbs blends supplementation on dressed percentage. Significant (P<0.05) differences due to medicinal herbs supplementation on albumin, glucose, phosphorus, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase. No significant differences on total protein, calcium, cholesterol, GOT and GPT. There were significant (P<0.05) effects of medicinal plants herbs supplementation on all immunological parameters (IgM, IgG, IgA) and Bursa of Fabricius and spleen percentages.
In conclusion, blend T6 that contained parsley and watercress powder may be a proper candidate to fulfill the demand of poultry industry in search for safe and efficient growth enhancers.
Mach number dependence of Spectral Character of Unsteady Pressure field on Axisymmetric Backward Facing Step: Transonic Flows
Authors: Vikramaditya N S , Viji M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The unsteady pressure field over an axisymmetric backward-facing step was investigated experimentally at transonic Mach numbers of 1.05, 1.2, and 1.4. The study was aimed at examining the influence of transonic Mach numbers on the spatio-temporal character of the unsteady pressure field and on the dominant modes/mechanisms driving it. Surface flow visualization, Schlieren, and unsteady pressure measurements were carried out as a part of the experimental investigation. From oil flow visualization and schlieren, the reattachment region was identified, and consequently, the mean reattachment length was estimated. The mean reattachment length shows an increase with the increase in Mach number. The coefficient of mean pressure along the rearbody imitates a classical backward-facing step flow profile and can be divided into three distinct regions. The peak values of the coefficient of mean pressure and the coefficient of rms are seen to decrease with an increase in the freestream Mach number. Conventional spectral analysis reveals that as the Mach number increases, the dominant peak in the spectra shifts to lower frequencies. From the spectra, three dominant fluid dynamic mechanisms depending on the Mach number have been identified. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis shows that 79–84% of the total energy contribution comes from the first six modes. The temporal dynamics of the POD modes indicate three prominent mechanisms are responsible for the unsteady pressure field. Spectral analysis of POD modes indicates that the spectra are primarily driven by the first three POD modes for M∞=1.05 and the first two modes for M∞=1.2 and 1.4. Moreover, it reveals the presence of three dominant modes, and the freestream Mach number strongly dictates the dominant mode that is driving the pressure field.
Synergistic effect of polymyxin B with baicalein against mcr-1 postive Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Longbo , Sun Feifei , Gao Yiming , Ji Qianyu , Fu Linran , Liu Zhihai , Qu Shaoqi , Li Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The frequent emergence of multi-drug resistance Escherichia coli (E. coli) in both poultry and human health has facilitated the demand of seeking a novel therapeutic alternative. Traditional Chinese medicine has become a recent hotspot in drug development due to its efficacious assistance with existing antibiotics against drug-resistant pathogens. Herein, we estimated the synergistic effect of polymyxin B and baicalein (the major integrant of a Chinese herb, Scutellaria baicalensis) against mcr-1 positive E. coli HP144 through checkerboard assays accompanying the time-killing curve, and found that baicalein significantly amplified antimicrobial activity of polymyxin B. E. coli treated with polymyxin B and baicalein also showed an obviously enhanced destruction of bacterial outer membranes through scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, transcriptome and metabolome analysis were implemented to reveal the molecular mechanism. Various differentially expressed genes were identified between polymyxin B and the drug combined group, especially lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core synthesis genes (rfaQ, rfbB and rfaP) and efflux pump correlative genes (evgA, arcA and mgrB). Metabolome results also illustrated significant alterations of multiple metabolites, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and D-Alanyl-Dalanine dipeptide, which are closely associated with bacterial invasion and outer membrane integrity. Subsequently, mice infection models were utilized to discuss the efficacy of synergistic therapy in vivo. After the co-treatment of polymyxin B and baicalein, bacteria loads in mice abdomens were significantly diminished and the survival rate was remarkably increased by ameliorating inflammatory reactions in mice. In conclusion, by increasing the antibiotic permeability of outer membranes, baicalein could efficiently improve the bactericidal effects of polymyxin B in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating its promising potential as a polymyxin B adjuvant and antibiotic alternative.
Genetic risk assessment based on association andprediction studies
Authors: Astrologo Nicole Cathlene , Gaudillo Joverlyn , Albia Jason , Roxas-Villanueva Ranzivelle Marianne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The genetic basis of phenotypic emergence provides valuable information for assessing individual risk. While associationstudies have been pivotal in identifying genetic risk factors within a population, complementing it with insights derived frompredictions studies that assess individual-level risk offers a more comprehensive approach to understanding phenotypicexpression. In this study, we established personalized risk assessment models using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)data from 200 Korean patients, of which 100 experienced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance and 100 patientsdemonstrated high levels of HBsAg. The risk assessment models determined the predictive power of the following: (1)genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified candidate biomarkers considered significant in a reference study and(2) machine learning (ML)-identified candidate biomarkers with the highest feature importance scores obtained by usingrandom forest (RF). While utilizing all features yielded 64% model accuracy, using relevant biomarkers achieved higher modelaccuracies: 82% for 52 GWAS-identified candidate biomarkers, 71% for three GWAS-identified biomarkers, and 80% for 150ML-identified candidate biomarkers. Findings highlight that the joint contributions of relevant biomarkers significantly influencephenotypic emergence. On the other hand, combining ML-identified candidate biomarkers into the pool of GWAS-identifiedcandidate biomarkers resulted in the improved predictive accuracy of 90%, demonstrating the capability of ML as an auxiliaryanalysis to GWAS. Furthermore, some of the ML-identified candidate biomarkers were found to be linked with hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC), reinforcing previous claims that HCC can still occur despite the absence of HBsAg.
HIF-1α through NLRP3/GSDMD pathway regulates the mechanism of acute ischemic stroke microglia scorching mechanism
Authors: Ma Xin , He Jinjuan , Aikeranmu Shateer , Xiu Fangjie , Geng Renjie , Tang Lihong , Yuan Jing , Ayipare Abuduhailili 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: HIF-1 α is an oxygen concentration-sensitive protein that regulates the emergency response to hypoxia. Microglial pyroptosis is closely related to cerebral ischemic injury. In this study, through in vitro cell modeling in order to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of HIF-1 α on microglial pyroptosis and inflammation in the acute phase of the cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.
Methods: In vitro experiments with microglia, the acute phase oxyoxygenation model (oxygen-glucose deprivation / reoxygenation, OGD/R) was established, and the optimal time of intervention was determined by measuring the survival rate with CCK-8. Overexpression and suppressed expression of HIF-1α factors, and the experiment were divided into blank group (Group A), OGD/R model group (Group B), OGD/R model + FG-4592 intervention group (Group C),model + siRNA negative control group (Group D), and model + HIF-1 α -siRNA group (Group E). Cell proliferation and cell supernatant LDH concentration were measured in different groups. IL-1β and IL-18 levels in cell supernatants were determined by ELISA. Western blot The protein expression levels of HIF-1α, GSDMD-D, GSDMD-N, cle-Caspase-1, and NLRP3 were determined by the same method.
Results: Finally, hypoxia for 6 h reoxygenation for 12 h was the optimal intervention time. Compared with groups B and D, group C increased cell proliferation and decrease in LDH, IL-1β and IL-18 was statistically significant (P<0.05), while group Edecreased cell proliferation and increase in LDH, IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with groups B and D, GSDMD-D, GSDMD-N, clean-Caspase-1, and NLRP 3 proteins were significantly lower in group C but significantly increased in group E cells (P <0.05).
Conclusion: BV2 cells in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, found that upregulated HIF-1α expression would reduce microglial pyroptosis and modulation of inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we found that HIF-1α inhibited microglial pyroptosis by inhibiting the NLRP3/GSDMD pathway, and this conclusion provides a potential target for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute phase.
The central dogma of biological homochirality: How does chiral information propagate in a prebiotic network?
Authors: Ozturk S. Furkan , Sasselov Dimitar D. , Sutherland John D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Biological systems are homochiral, raising the question of how a racemic mixture of prebiotically synthesized biomolecules could attain a homochiral state at the network level. Based on our recent results, we aim to address a related question of how chiral information might have flowed in a prebiotic network. Utilizing the crystallization properties of the central RNA precursor known as ribose-aminooxazoline (RAO), we showed that its homochiral crystals can be obtained from its fully racemic solution on a magnetic mineral surface, due to the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. Moreover, we uncovered a mechanism facilitated by the CISS effect through which chiral molecules, like RAO, can uniformly magnetize such surfaces in a variety of planetary environments in a persistent manner. All this is very tantalizing, because recent experiments with tRNA analogs demonstrate high stereoselectivity in the attachment of L-amino acids to D-ribonucleotides, enabling the transfer of homochirality from RNA to peptides. Therefore the biological homochirality problem may be reduced to ensuring that a single common RNA precursor (e.g. RAO) can be made homochiral. The emergence of homochirality at RAO then allows for the chiral information to propagate through RNA, then to peptides, and ultimately, through enantioselective catalysis, to metabolites. This directionality of the chiral information flow parallels that of the central dogma of molecular biology--the unidirectional transfer of genetic information from nucleic acids to proteins.
Relationship between three reproductive factors and lung cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Yifan , Zhu Xingyu , Jing Wangwei , Wang Xiaohong , He Zhengfu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that sex hormones are involved in the development of lung cancer, but the correlation between reproductive behavior that changes sex hormone levels and lung cancer is not clear. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential relationship between age at first sexual intercourse (AFS), menarche, menopause and lung cancer.Methods We performed MR analysis of the data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) of European ancestry to evaluate the independent effects of three reproductive behaviors on lung cancer over all (LUCA), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), squamous cell lung cancer (LUSC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We mainly used inverse variance weighting (IVW) method for MR analysis. Sensitivity was determined by MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) analysis, weighted median analysis, MR-Egger analysis, and Leave-one-out analysis.Results We found that older AFS had a causal relationship with LUCA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.6283, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4959 ~ 0.7961, P = 0.0001], LUAD (OR = 0.7042, 95% CI = 0.4967 ~ 0.9984, P = 0.049) and LUSC (OR = 0.6231, 95% CI = 0.4386 ~ 0.8853, P = 0.0083) by MR analysis.Conclusion Our results observed a causal relationship between older AFS and lower lung cancer risk. It emphasizes the importance of providing sex education since early sexual intercourse may have undesirable effects. In addition, early psychological treatment is also essential.
A suitable model to investigate acute neurological consequences of coronavirus infection
Authors: Pimenta Jordane , Oliveira Bruna Silva , Lima Anna Luiza Diniz , Machado Caroline Amaral , Lacerda Larisse de Souza Barbosa , Rossi Leonardo , Queiroz-Junior Celso Martins , Souza-Costa Luiz Pedro , Andrade Ana Claudia dos Santos Pereira , Gonçalves Matheus Rodrigues , Mota Bárbara , Marim Fernanda Martins , Aguiar Renato Santana , Guimarães Pedro Pires Goulart , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Vieira Luciene Bruno , Guatimosim Cristina , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Miranda Aline Silva , Costa Vivian Vasconcelos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective and design:
The present study aimed to investigate the neurochemical and behavioral effects of the acute consequences after coronavirus infection through a murine model.
Material:
Wild type C57 BL/6 mice were infected intranasally (i.n) with the murine coronavirus 3 (MHV-3).
Methods:
Mice were submitted to behavioral tests. Euthanasia was performed on the fifth day after infection (5 dpi), and the brain tissue was subjected to plaque assays for viral titration, synaptosome, ELISA, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis.
Results:
Increased viral titers associated with mild histological changes, including signs of neuronal degeneration, were observed in the cerebral cortex of infected mice. Importantly, MHV-3 infection induced an increase in cortical levels of glutamate and calcium, as well as increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ) and reduced levels of neuroprotective mediators (BDNF and CX3CL1) in the mice brain, which is suggestive of excitotoxicity. Finally, behavioral analysis showed impaired motor, anhedonic and anxiety-like behaviors in animals infected with MHV-3.
Conclusions:
Overall, the data presented emulate many aspects of the acute neurological outcomes seen in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this model may provide a preclinical platform to study acute neurological sequelae induced by coronavirus infection and test possible therapies.