bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dyslexia among Primary School Students
Authors: Rajesh R , Sunney Honeymol 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that affects reading skills and language processing. Children with dyslexia have difficulty in reading, writing, spelling, grammar or in speaking. Due to these difficulty, the child may be slow in academics, social skills, difficult in manage their daily activities, emotional problems etc. which may lead to long-term educational problems.

Aim:
To assess the prevalence and explore the risk factors of dyslexia among the primary school students in selected schools. To assess the prevalence of dyslexia among primary school students. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of dyslexia among primary school students. To find out association between the prevalence of dyslexia and selected socio-demographic variables of primary school students.

Methodology:
A non-experimental study with explorative survey descriptive research design was used. The study was conducted in R.L. Jalappa central school, Tamaka, Kolar. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was adopted in order to select the samples of 100 primary school students who fulfill the selection criteria. The data was collected from the primary school students along with the help of their teachers by using screening checklist for dyslexia which consists of 30 items adopted from British Dyslexia Association (BDA) and a checklist on identifying the risk factors of dyslexia on primary school students which has 10 items through interview method on one to one basis until the desired sample is reached. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for analyzing the data.

Results:
Regarding age in years, 56% of the students were 08 years old, 43% were female students & 57% were male students; class of studying 50% were from 1st standard, another 50% of them were from 2nd standard;44% of the students' academic performance were good with50 % of them were found to be average. The prevalence regarding dyslexia among primary school students on screening were identified as 06% of them with dyslexia and remaining 94% of the students are without dyslexia. In regard to the risk factors concerning to dyslexia in these primary school students; 06 % of them had pre-school language impairment, 04% had some vision/sight problems, 15% of the students were found impulsive in nature: 04% of them had motor coordination difficulty with some developmental problems and almost all the students 100% had normal level of intelligence.

Conclusion:
The present findings of the study states that the primary school students may be at risk for not attaining full literacy skills due to various risk factors. Early screening with all children in school and intense intervention services should focus on the students who demonstrate the warning signs of dyslexia and related problems in the best way to prevent from becoming more severe in overtime and for better outcomes.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Resilience among Patients with Neurotic and Stress-Related Disorders with Normal Counterpart in a Selected Hospital Tezpur, Assam
Authors: Das Deepa , Baruah Arunjyoti 
Published: September 2023

Context:
Health is a multidimensional concept, denoting not only an absence of disease and disability, but also feeling of happiness and welfare. Stress is among the important factors threatening mental health, and people are faced with numerous stressors in their everyday lives. Accumulation of daily stress would affect individuals' physical and mental health, and when it lasts for long term, it can lead to negative outcomes, including neurotic and stress-related disorders. However, most individuals do not develop such illnesses after experiencing stressful life events, because the person who is resilient does not develop neurotic and stress-related disorders because this resilience shield people against the development of stress-related disorder.

Aim:
This study was conducted to find if there is a significant difference in the scores on measures of resilience between patients with neurotic and stress-related disorders with normal counterpart.

Methods:
The sample comprised 60 participants, 30 with neurotic and stress-related disorder, and 30 their normal counterpart. Participants were administered Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), General Health Questionnaire-12, and sociodemographic pro forma.

Results:
Significant differences were found in the resilience score of neurotic and stress-related disorders' patients with normal counterpart (t = 18.524, P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
CD RISC-25 showed the mean score of resilience among neurotic and stress-related disorders' patients were found to be 34.86 ± 9.35, and the counterpart scored the mean value of 85.66 ± 11.70 where the maximum possible score was 100. Resilience of counterpart was higher than neurotic and stress-related disorders' patients, (t = 18.524, P = < 0.000).
Optimism, Quality of Life, and Psychological Distress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ravindran Ottilingam S. , Shanmugasundaram Natarajan , Madhusudhan Saidivya 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious chronic illness which has a major impact on the psychological well-being of the individuals.

Aim:
This case–control study compared the optimism, quality of life (QOL), and psychological distress between T2DM persons and healthy controls and examined the relationship of optimism with QOL and psychological distress among T2DM persons.

Materials and Methods:
Using a purposive sampling technique, this study was conducted in the General Medicine Outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between January and March 2020. Fifty participants (25 cases and 25 healthy controls) in the age range of 30–60 years took part in the study. Both groups were assessed by the following instruments: Life Orientation Test-Revised, WHOQOL-BREF, and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale.

Results:
T2DM persons are experiencing significant psychological distress with a pessimistic disposition and reduced QOL. Furthermore, optimism was positively correlated with psychological health among T2DM persons.

Conclusions:
T2DM persons are found to be pessimistic and distressed with significant reductions in their QOL.
Noncompliance to Treatment among Persons with Mental Illness
Authors: Seena M. C. , George Reena , Krishnakumar Padinharath , Ravindran Rajith K. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Noncompliance to treatment is an alarming issue challenging the entire mental health-care system. If this issue is tackled by the institutions and mental health-care professionals, a drastic change can be brought to the treatment of mentally ill and prevent unnecessary hospitalization due to relapse. Noncompliance to psychiatric treatment among 569 patients revealed that 328 (58.2%) were complied with the treatment and 236 (41.8%) were noncompliant to psychiatric treatment.

Objectives:
The objectives were to assess the noncompliance to treatment among person with mental illness and to identify the factors contributing to the noncompliance to treatment.

Materials and Methods:
A quantitative approach with cross-sectional descriptive design using retrospective analysis was adopted for the study. All patients attending psychiatric unit were screened and 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected through nonprobability convenience sampling technique from the adult psychiatry unit, IMHANS, Kozhikode. The data collection instruments were a sociodemographic pro forma, noncompliance checklist, and a checklist on factors contributing to the noncompliance to treatment. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:
A population of 156 patients were screened, (56) 35.8% of patients had compliance to treatment and (100) 64% of patients had noncompliance to treatment. Hence, the sample consists of the 100 patients who had noncompliance to the treatment. The data on diagnoses and percentage of patients with noncompliance show that most of the patients (25%) who had noncompliance to treatment were diagnosed with bipolar affective disorders and 22% of sample to noncompliance to treatment were diagnosed with schizophrenia. The study found that a main cause of noncompliance to treatment is to avoid the feelings of being sick.

Conclusion:
This study found that there is an increased need to conduct public awareness programs and other psychosocial interventions to sensitize the public to regarding mental illness and importance of compliance to treatment.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Poststroke Depression among Acute Stroke Survival Patients Attending Neurology Outpatient Department of a Selected Hospital in Kolkata
Authors: Ghosh Chandrika , Adhikari Uma R. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Poststroke depression is consider as the most common emotional disorder of stroke survivors; it can affect one among three of stroke survivors at any time up to 5 years after stroke. Researcher chooses the topic to give focus on the emotional health of the stroke survivors after the stroke. This study was conducted to identify the incidence (short-term incidence) and risk factors of poststroke depression among acute stroke survival patients.

Subjects and Methods:
This descriptive survey design was conducted at neurology outpatient department of a selected hospital in Kolkata. Total 104 acute (within 3 months following stroke) stroke survival patients were selected by purposive sampling technique for this study purpose. Incidence of poststroke depression was identified by Montgomery–Asberg depression rating scale and for risk factors of poststroke depression; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, and Mini-mental status examination were used. Tool was pretested before the final study.

Results:
The findings of the study showed that the incidence (short-term incidence) of poststroke depression was 52% (95% confidence interval: 42.2%–61.8%). The Chi-square value reveals that there is a significant association between poststroke depression and deterioration of disease condition from the onset of the disease, days of suffering from the disease, number of admission for the disease, severity of stroke, impairment of level of independence, and impairment of cognitive function.

Conclusion:
Identifying the risk factors of poststroke depression, the nurses can screen the stroke survival patients for early detection of depression following stroke.
Fear of Childbirth and Its Contributing Factor – An Exploratory Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharma Kanchan , Vyas Himanshu , Gothwal Meenakshi , Arumugam Gomathi 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Motherhood and pregnancy are cherished moments in a life and considered one of the most important events in a women's life. So, she does the best to maintain good health to bring into this world a healthy baby. The fear of pregnancy is called tocophobia and it is defined as an intense state of anxiety which leads to fear of childbirth. Fear of childbirth result in increased number of visits to the obstetrician and in frequent request for cesarean delivery. The study aimed to assess the fear of childbirth and factors contributing to fear of childbirth among primigravidae at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methodology:
Descriptive design with Quantitative approach was used and a sample of 269 primigravidae women by using consecutive sampling. Data was collected at Antenatal OPD, by using standardized tool Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire Version – A and a checklist for factors contributing to fear of childbirth.

Results:
Level of fear of childbirth among primigravidae (24.4%) having severe level, (44.8%) high level and 24.1% having moderate level, 6.7% low level of fear of childbirth. Major contributing factor for fear of childbirth was Fear of labor pain (80.7%), and least common was disturbed self image and feeling of insecurity (27.9%).

Conclusion:
Majority of the primigravidae women face fear of childbirth, as contributed by various factors that affect fear of childbirth. Primigravidae women were counseled on one to one basis and they were made aware about the physiology of labor and what to expect during labor to alleviate their fear after the completion of the data collection process.
COVID-19-Related Anxiety and Coping Strategies Among Nursing Professionals Working in COVID Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Choudhary Mamta , Gopichandran L. , Jyotishana KP 
Published: September 2023

Background:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing professionals along with other health-care workers worked as the pillars of the health-care system. There have been difficult times when nursing professionals have overworked despite shortage of resources, continuously wearing PPE over hours, and overfilled intensive care units (ICUs). Thus, while confronting the numerous COVID-19-related challenges, nursing professionals might have experienced anxiety and utilized various coping strategies to reduce their anxiety.

Methods:
The cross-sectional survey was conducted using a web-based questionnaire. Information was collected from 200 nursing personnel's working in the COVID ICU of a selected tertiary care hospital. The questionnaire used for data collection comprised three sections: the first section focused on sociodemographic profile of subjects, the second section included the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the third included Brief COPE.

Results:
The result revealed that majority, 61%, of the subjects had no COVID-19-related anxiety, whereas 33.5% of subjects had mild-to-moderate COVID-19-related anxiety. However, only 5.5% of the subject reported marked-to-severe form of COVID-19-related anxiety. The highest anxiety scores were identified for items: (1) I get feelings of numbness and tingling in my fingers and toes, (2) I feel weak and get tired easily, and (3) I have nightmares. To cope up with anxiety, majority of nursing professionals' approach “praying or meditating” coping style mechanism followed by positive reframing and planning.

Conclusions:
COVID-19 is causing mild-to-moderate anxiety in a significant number of nursing professionals. Thus, the hospital administration and nurse managers should focus on early screening for anxiety, providing psychological support to nurses, and training ineffective coping strategies.
SocioDemographic Variables and Social Connectedness as Predictors of Coping Mechanisms in College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bano Samina , Deka Tanushree 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has left the student community in distress. They have had to vacate their hostels and go home, which has restyled their enjoyable campus life into virtual online classes. The technical glitches and uncertainty of the future kept them in the doldrum. Our study explored the subgroups of socio-demographic variables (gender, educational qualifications, history of mental health condition, current experience of mental health condition, and current accommodation) and Social Connectedness as predictors of coping strategies during the pandemic in university students of Delhi-NCR.

Method and Materials:
A cross-sectional research design was implemented. Through purposive sampling, 248 students were recruited. The sample consisted of males and females aged 18-34 years (Mean=21, SD=2.86). Data was collected using Google forms consisting of the Sociodemographic Form, The Brief Cope and Social Connectedness Scale. Online informed consent was taken from the participants.

Results:
Regression results suggested that the current experience of mental health conditions predicted active emotional and avoidant emotional coping strategies. Social Connectedness positively predicted avoidant emotional coping strategy and negatively predicting problem focus strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant differences were found in active emotional and avoidant emotional coping strategies between students having a past and current history of mental health conditions (anxiety/depression) vs. those who were in sound mental health. Students with past experience of mental health issue were reported to be significantly more socially connected than who did not have any mental health issue.

Conclusions:
The potential effects of Social Connectedness, a history of the mental health condition on coping strategies during COVID-19, were found to be necessary.
Perceived Stress and Level of Coping Strategies Adopted by Working Women during Current COVID-19 Pandemic Situation
Authors: Banik Monica , Jacob Jyotsna , Maheshwari Sushil Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a global health crisis that has had a deep impact on the way we perceive our world and our everyday lives and hence causing a significant negative impact on mental health. The uncertainty and low predictability of COVID-19 not only threaten people's physical health, but also affect people's mental health, especially in terms of emotions and cognition.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the level of perceived stress and coping strategies adopted by working women during COVID-19 outbreak.

Materials and Methods:
An online survey was conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire using nonprobability snowball sampling technique that surveyed 219 individuals through social networking platform.

Results:
The level of stress was found out to be in severe level but it is also revealed that majority of the women (90.4%) were preoccupied with the thoughts of COVID-19 and reported that they are uncertain about their current situation and about the future. Maximum number of sample (97.7%) revealed that they are unable to cope with the current uncertainty. There was significant association of perceived stress with educational, marital status, and area of living.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that working women had lot of stress and inadequate coping strategies while dealing with Covid-19 situation. Women should be taught to adapt more coping strategies to deal with this situation.
Lived Experiences of the Wives of Alcohol Use Disorder Partners
Authors: Devi Naorem Bijyarani , George Mini 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Alcoholism, a “family disease,” is on the rise in India. Individuals who abuse alcohol affect themselves and family, especially their spouses. This study explored the lived experiences of wives of alcohol use disorder (AUD) partners within the context of phenomenology. This was essential to understand their life as they experienced it, from their perspective and the coping resources adopted by them.

Materials and Methods:
Interpretive phenomenology was used with a purposive sampling of wives of AUD partners attending the de-addiction clinic. After explaining the study and written consent, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 participants, which led to data saturation.

Results:
Data were explicated by thematic analysis. Significant statements and meaning units were identified, and codes were assigned. Three categories namely impact on self, effect on life, and coping strategies were emerged. Two major themes namely “faced innumerable challenges and used adaptive and maladaptive coping” were generated.

Conclusion:
Wives faced innumerable problems of poor health, physical misery, social relations, emotional disturbances, marital discord, and financial burden. In terms of coping, most wives relied on either avoidance or tolerance which was not productive for them or their partners. The wives covered up partners' alcohol dependence, took on their responsibilities, withdrew or distanced themselves from friends and family. Many of them put on a brave front and continued to live with the constant stress.
Relationship between Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder and Remembered Parenting Style - A Pilot Study from Private Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Srivastava Prerna , Shetty Kannappa V. , Anjanappa Jagadish 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) is a type of personality disorder which is characterized by symptoms, such as highly volatile mood, high impulsivity, unstable relationships, and self-harming behavior. Studies indicate that an individual's personality is an outcome of various factors, their parental upbringing being one of the major factors.

Materials and Methods:
The study aimed at exploring remembered parental style in patients diagnosed with EUPD. Ten patients were recruited from a tertiary care psychiatric hospital, and parental bonding instrument and clinical global impressions scale were administered.

Results:
The mean age of the patients with EUPD was 28.8 ± 7.77 years, and the mean years of education was found to be 15.4 ± 1.66. Mean age of onset of illness was 23.71 years, and the mean severity score was found to be 4.8. The mean mother's care score was found to be 25.6 ± 7.17 and mother's overprotection score was found to be 11.2 ± 5.53. The mean father's care score was found to be 20 ± 11.28 and father's overprotection score was 12.1 ± 6.38.

Conclusions:
The study findings reveal involvement of authoritarian parenting style in fathers and neglectful parenting style in mothers in the development of EUPD. However, a more comprehensive study with larger sample size is needed to throw more light over this finding.
Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma Among Students of 16–20 Years' Age Group in a South Indian City
Authors: Sheik Irfan A. , Sharma M. Vishnu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The prevalence of asthma has been increasing worldwide in recent years. There is a wide variation in the prevalence of asthma in various countries, varying between 1.2% and 6.3% among adults in most countries. There is a scarcity of data on the prevalence of asthma in the age group 16–20 years in India.

Objective:
The aim is to study the prevalence of asthma among students of 16–20 years' age group in our city.

Methodology:
This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. A standardized questionnaire was prepared and distributed to 4600 college students. Among the students who had symptoms suggestive of asthma by the questionnaire method, 10% of them were selected for spirometry to confirm the diagnosis by a systemic random sampling method. Statistical analysis was performed using frequency and percentage method to calculate the prevalence. Chi-square test, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval were used to measure the association between the variables, and a value of P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results:
Out of 4600 students, 1539 (33.5%) were boys and 3061 (66.5%) were girls. 230 (5.0%) students had symptoms suggestive of bronchial asthma, of which 115 (7.5%) were boys and 115 (3.8%) were girls. 336 (7.3%) students had a family history of asthma. Out of 230 students having symptoms suggestive of asthma, only 57 (24.78%) students were taking regular medications, in which 34 (59.64%) students had symptomatic relief. The prevalence of bronchial asthma among college students (16–20) years of age was 5.0%. A family history of asthma was associated with significantly higher odds of having bronchial asthma.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of asthma among students of 16–20 years ago was 5.0%. A family history of asthma was associated with significantly higher odds of having bronchial asthma.
Rapidly Progressive Dyspnea in an Elderly Diabetic
Authors: Bhandary Nithish M. , Sharma Vishnu , Megha S. N. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Breathlessness is a common presenting symptom in the emergency room. Focused history, clinical examination, and proper stepwise evaluations are essential for early diagnosis and treatment. The most common presenting feature of nCovid19 pneumonia is rapidly progressive breathlessness. During this pandemic, we need to differentiate nCovid19 pneumonia from other causes for breathlessness. Here, we discuss the differential diagnosis for rapidly progressive breathlessness, how to evaluate a patient with suspected nCovid19 pneumonia and the role of chest computed tomography scan in nCovid19.