bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in terrestrial litter decomposition can be explained by nutrient allocation strategies among soil decomposer communities
Authors: Murúa José M. , Gaxiola Aurora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLeaf litter decomposition is a key process for nutrient cycling with broad ecosystem‐level consequences. However, we still cannot explain an important amount of the observed variability in decomposition rates. Therefore, a mechanistic model of how litter quality impacts the metabolic capacity of microbial decomposers to degrade litter at a given rate could improve our understanding of litter decomposition.Elemental imbalances between leaf litter and microbial decomposers can lead to nutrient‐limited decomposition. Microbial decomposers can deal with elemental imbalances via three main physiological mechanisms; by adjusting their carbon use efficiency (i.e. the proportion of assimilated carbon that is not respired), accumulating nitrogen or adjusting extracellular enzyme allocation between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Therefore, decomposer communities that adjust to elemental imbalances using these strategies should decompose litter faster than those unable to adjust.In this study, in a reciprocal transplant microcosm, we experimentally evaluated whether differences in the capacity of decomposers to reduce elemental imbalances help explain variability in decomposition rates. We used litter and soils from three coexisting woody species with contrasting litter C:N. Throughout the decomposition experiment, we quantified litter biomass loss, the allocation to β‐1,4‐glucosidase and β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (i.e. C and N degrading enzymes), and N accumulation. These data allowed us to identify the main strategies through which decomposers deal with elemental imbalances and their concomitant effects on litter decomposition rates.Our results confirm that litter decomposition rates are strongly controlled by litter quality, but differences in decay rates are a function of C and N demands of decomposers. Here, decomposers dealt with elemental imbalances mainly through N accumulation and, to a lesser extent, through extracellular enzyme allocation and lower carbon use efficiency. However, when enzymatic allocation and N accumulation were insufficient to reduce elemental imbalances, decomposition rates were slower irrespective of litter quality. Finally, we show that the effectiveness of physiological strategies used by decomposers to reduce elemental imbalances will affect decomposition rates, a key ecosystem process.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Ensemble scenario‐based inversion: A new approach for estimating the uncertainty of resistivity models derived from 3D controlled source electromagnetic data
Authors: Causse Emmanuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon‐linear inversion of controlled source electromagnetic data is non‐unique. Inversion ambiguity and uncertainty grow with model complexity and limitations in sensitivity, for example when imaging deep targets. Uncertainties should be estimated. The best way to do that is by statistical inversion techniques. Because of the large number of parameters of 3D models, these methods are too costly for 3D applications. But neglecting or underestimating uncertainties often leads to erroneous interpretation and poor exploration decisions. The number of inversion parameters can be dramatically reduced while still being able to describe a complex 3D subsurface. To obtain that, I represent prior information by an input ensemble of geologically reasonable prior models. The model space is defined by the principal directions of this ensemble, where the inversion parameters are the coefficients of the different components. In this model space, inversion becomes much more efficient and can produce an updated ensemble of posterior models at the same computational cost as a controlled‐source electromagnetic inversion project using conventional non‐linear inversion techniques. I present examples where unique Gauss–Newton inversions lead to difficult interpretations and poor conclusions about hydrocarbon presence and saturation. The new approach provides a quantitative estimation of resistivity ambiguities and uncertainties leading to better interpretation and safer decisions. The examples use 2D synthetic controlled‐source electromagnetic data and 3D controlled‐source electromagnetic field data.
Cerebral infarction after treatment with dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF‐V600E‐positive non–small cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Taniguchi Yoshihiko , Tamiya Akihiro , Yanagisawa Atsushi , Shimaya Minako , Kawakami Mayu , Inagaki Yuji , Saijo Nobuhiko , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Okishio Kyoichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDabrafenib plus trametinib is the standard treatment for BRAF V600E‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer. No treatment‐related cerebral infarction (CI) has been reported in previous clinical trials. Here, we described a 61‐year‐old Japanese man with BRAF V600E‐mutated lung adenocarcinoma treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib as a third‐line treatment. On the 10th day of dabrafenib plus trametinib treatment, the patient developed fever and was urgently hospitalized on the 18th day owing to impaired consciousness. The patient had disseminated intravascular coagulation because of infection, was treated with thrombomodulin and ceftriaxone, and subsequently improved. On the 44th day, dabrafenib plus trametinib was resumed with a one‐step dose reduction. Three hours after the first oral administration, the patient developed chills, fever, and hypotension. He received intravenous fluids. On the 64th day, 20 mg prednisolone was administered from the previous day, and dabrafenib plus trametinib was resumed with a further one‐step reduction in dose. Five hours after the first oral administration, the patient developed fever, hypotension, paralysis of the right upper and lower limbs, and dysarthria appeared. Head magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple cerebral infarcts. Hemoconcentration because of intravascular dehydration may have caused CI. In conclusion, CI should be taken into consideration during treatment with dabrafenib plus trametinib.
Incidental invertebrate‐derived DNA detection of invasive and threatened species in temperate dry Southeast Australian forest
Authors: Cutajar Timothy P. , Pulsford Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWell‐informed biodiversity conservation practice can often be precluded by poor species detectability. For example, populations being missed during surveys can lead to them being omitted from species lists or area management plans. iDNA (invertebrate‐derived DNA) is a recently developed set of techniques for improving the detectability of elusive vertebrates by exploiting their associated invertebrates. Parasitic and scavenging invertebrates can be readily collected, and their gut contents DNA barcoded to detect local vertebrate diversity. However, most iDNA surveys have targeted mammals and have been carried out in tropical areas and/or rainforests. We carried out iDNA surveys targeting frogs in temperate dry sclerophyll forests in south‐eastern Australia. We set mosquito traps broadcasting recorded frog calls with the aim of collecting frog‐biting flies, which are attracted to frog calls. We collected 156 fly specimens, although none were of frog‐biting species, and no frogs were detected via iDNA, despite many being observed in the field. However, two mammal and one reptile species were detected via iDNA: the feral cat (Felis catus: Felidae), domestic dog or dingo (Canis lupus: Canidae) and the threatened Rosenberg's monitor (Varanus rosenbergi: Varanidae). Vertebrate‐sampling flies are likely highly abundant in the area since they were collected apparently incidentally in traps lacking appropriate attractants; a promising result for further surveys is different attractants are employed. This study is one of the few in which an invasive species has been detected through iDNA, and highlights its potential for improved detectability of threatened species outside of the tropics and early detection of invasive species.
Occupational sex segregation in agriculture: Evidence on gender norms and socio‐emotional skills in Nigeria
Authors: Das Smita , Delavallade Clara , Fashogbon Ayodele , Olatunji Ogunleye Wale , Papineni Sreelakshmi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOccupational sex segregation is a key driver of the gender gap in earnings. Using data from 11,691 aspiring agribusiness entrepreneurs in Nigeria, this article explores factors that drive sectoral choice, gender differences in the choice decision, and especially the role played by norms around gender roles. When given a choice of 11 agricultural value chains in a government program, we find the majority (54 percent) of the applicants chose to enter into the poultry value chain, and women were more likely to choose poultry than men. This article finds evidence of more restrictive gender norms in Northern Nigeria states, which lowers women's likelihood of entering into agricultural value chains where the potential for profit may be higher. The gender bias in sectoral choice is also attributed to differences in work experience especially in agricultural activities and in the chosen value chain, as well as in land ownership. Women with more experience in male‐dominated agricultural value chains exhibit lower self‐efficacy, which could reflect the challenges they face when deviating from social norms to operate within nontraditional value chains.
ALPS‐Neo pain and stress assessment scale for neonates—A measure for procedural pain
Authors: Vederhus Bente Johanne , Olsen Merete Susan , Eide Geir Egil , Storm Hanne , Guthe Hans Jørgen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties, reliability and validity, of Astrid Lindgren and Lund Children's Hospitals Pain and Stress Assessment Scale for Preterm and Sick Newborn Infants (ALPS‐Neo), as a measure for procedural pain.MethodsThis observational, prospective study with a repeated measures design, explored inter‐rater reliability by two raters assessing 21 neonates during non‐pain and pain events. Construct validity was explored, that is, ability to discriminate between non‐pain and pain, and criterion validity by correlating ALPS‐Neo with Premature Infant Pain Profile‐Revised (PIPP‐R) and Skin Conductance Algesimeter (SCA) in 54 neonates without ventilator support and sedation undergoing routine heel‐stick procedure in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.ResultsMean gestational and assessment age of 54 infants was 33.8 weeks and 12.7 days respectively. Inter‐rater reliability from baseline, skin wiping, heel‐stick events for 21 infants demonstrated intraclass correlations with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 0.49 (−0.27 to 0.79), 0.86 (0.65–0.94) and 0.73 (0.34–0.89) respectively. ALPS‐Neo discriminated significantly between baseline, non‐pain and heel‐stick (mean differences from pain event −2.3 and −1.0 respectively) and correlated during heel‐stick with PIPP‐R (r = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34–0.72), not with SCA.ConclusionALPS‐Neo may be used as a measure for procedural pain.
Machine learning to predict major bleeding during anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism: possibilities and limitations
Authors: Mora Damián , Mateo Jorge , Nieto José A. , Bikdeli Behnood , Yamashita Yugo , Barco Stefano , Jimenez David , Demelo‐Rodriguez Pablo , Rosa Vladimir , Yoo Hugo Hyung Bok , Sadeghipour Parham , Monreal Manuel ,   and the Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) Investigators
Published: March 2023

SummaryPredictive tools for major bleeding (MB) using machine learning (ML) might be advantageous over traditional methods. We used data from the Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) to develop ML algorithms to identify patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) at increased risk of MB during the first 3 months of anticoagulation. A total of 55 baseline variables were used as predictors. New data prospectively collected from the RIETE were used for further validation. The RIETE and VTE‐BLEED scores were used for comparisons. External validation was performed with the COMMAND‐VTE database. Learning was carried out with data from 49 587 patients, of whom 873 (1.8%) had MB. The best performing ML method was XGBoost. In the prospective validation cohort the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and F1 score were: 33.2%, 93%, 10%, and 15.4% respectively. F1 value for the RIETE and VTE‐BLEED scores were 8.6% and 6.4% respectively. In the external validation cohort the metrics were 10.3%, 87.6%, 3.5% and 5.2% respectively. In that cohort, the F1 value for the RIETE score was 17.3% and for the VTE‐BLEED score 9.75%. The performance of the XGBoost algorithm was better than that from the RIETE and VTE‐BLEED scores only in the prospective validation cohort, but not in the external validation cohort.
Outcomes in minor stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Duan Chunmiao , Xiong Yunyun , Gu Hong‐Qiu , Wang Shang , Yang Kai‐Xuan , Hao Manjun , Zhao Xingquan , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsOur study aimed to describe the short‐, medium‐, and long‐term outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis in minor stroke, and to explore the relationship between thrombolysis and clinical outcomes.MethodsOur study included ischemic minor stroke patients (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤ 5) within 4.5 h from symptom onset from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR‐III) between August 2015 and March 2018. The primary outcome was a favorable functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–1 at 3 months. The secondary outcomes included mRS score of 0–1 at discharge, 6 months, and 1 year. The safety outcomes were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) at 24–36 h and all‐cause mortality. The association between intravenous thrombolysis and clinical outcomes was studied using multivariable models.ResultsA total of 1905 minor ischemic stroke patients were included. Overall 527 patients (28%) received intravenous t‐PA (IV t‐PA) and 1378 patients (72%) in the non‐IV t‐PA group. Of them, 18.85% (359/1905) participants had a disabled outcome (defined as mRS score ≥ 2) at discharge, 12.8% (242/1885) at 3 months, 13.9% (262/1886) at 6 months, and 13.9% (260/1871) at 1 year. In multivariable analysis, IV t‐PA was associated with favorable functional outcomes at discharge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.96; p = 0.004), 3 months (aOR 1.51; 95% CI 1.09–2.10; p = 0.01), 6 months (aOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.19–2.27; p = 0.003), and 1 year (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.10–2.10; p = 0.01). Symptomatic ICH occurred in 3 (0.6%) patients in IV t‐PA versus 2 (0.1%) in the non‐IV t‐PA group. No significant differences were found in all‐cause mortality between the two groups.ConclusionsIntravenous t‐PA may be safe and effective in minor stroke (NIHSS ≤ 5) within a 4.5‐h window and further randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and rotenone on dopamine neuronal damage in rats
Authors: He Jing‐Yi , Li Dai‐Di , Wen Qian , Qin Ting‐Yang , Long Hong , Zhang Shi‐Bin , Zhang Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown. Until now, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the specific synergistic role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the occurrence and development of PD remains unclear.MethodsThe changes in motor behavior, dopamine (DA) neurons quantification and their mitochondrial respiratory chain, glial cells activation and secreted cytokines, Nrf2 signaling pathway, and redox balance in the brain of rats were evaluated.ResultsLipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neuroinflammation and rotenone (ROT)‐induced oxidative stress synergistically aggravated motor dysfunction, DA neuron damage, activation of glial cells, and release of related mediators, activation of Nrf2 signaling and destruction of oxidative balance. In addition, further studies indicated that after ROT‐induced oxidative stress caused direct damage to DA neurons, LPS‐induced inflammatory effects had stronger promoting neurotoxic effects on the above aspects.ConclusionsNeuroinflammation and oxidative stress synergistically aggravated DA neuronal loss. Furtherly, oxidative stress followed by neuroinflammation caused more DA neuronal loss than neuroinflammation followed by oxidative stress.
Utility and prognostic value of diagnosing MAFLD in patients undergoing liver transplantation for alcohol‐related liver disease
Authors: Vanlerberghe Benedict T. K. , van Malenstein Hannah , Sainz‐Bariga Mauricio , Jochmans Ina , Cassiman David , Monbaliu Diethard , van der Merwe Schalk , Pirenne Jacques , Nevens Frederik , Verbeek Jef 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the term metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed to replace non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This concept enables diagnosing liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction in patients with alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD), a main indication for liver transplantation (LTx). We assessed MAFLD prevalence in ALD patients undergoing LTx and its prognostic value on post‐LTx outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all ALD patients transplanted at our center between 1990 and August 2020. MAFLD was diagnosed based on the presence or history of hepatic steatosis and a BMI > 25 or type II diabetes or ≥ 2 metabolic risk abnormalities at LTx. Overall survival and risk factors for recurrent liver and cardiovascular events were analyzed by Cox regression.ResultsOf the 371 included patients transplanted for ALD, 255 (68.7%) had concomitant MAFLD at LTx. Median follow‐up post‐LTx was 72 months (IQR: 34.50–122). Patients with ALD‐MAFLD were older at LTx (p = .001), more often male (p < .001) and more frequently had hepatocellular carcinoma (p < .001). No differences in perioperative mortality and overall survival were found. ALD‐MAFLD patients had an increased risk of recurrent hepatic steatosis, irrespective of alcohol relapse, but no superimposed risk of cardiovascular events.ConclusionsThe co‐presence of MAFLD at LTx for ALD is associated with a distinct patient profile and is an independent risk factor for recurrent hepatic steatosis. The use of MAFLD criteria in ALD patients might increase awareness and treatment of specific hepatic and systemic metabolic abnormalities before and after LTx.
Quality of cell blocks prepared from residual pleural effusion and bronchial washing samples for immunocytochemistry
Authors: Harabajsa Suzana , Milutin Lucija , Breški Anita , Ražnjević Katarina , Šimić Vesna , Branica Božica Vrabec , Smojver‐Ježek Silvana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionCell blocks (CBs) enable the long‐term preservation of cytological samples. The aim of this study was to analyse the quality of CBs prepared from leftover fluid from lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusion samples and residual bronchial washing sediment for immunocytochemistry.MethodsThe residual part of 455 lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusion samples and sediment from 384 bronchial washing samples were used to prepare CBs following the agarose method. The quality of CBs was evaluated based on the quantity of malignant cells in haematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides and interpreted as optimal or insufficient for immunocytochemistry. Immunocytochemistry on CBs was performed using the Dako EnVision™ FLEX detection visualisation system. The CB results for TTF‐1, ALK, and PD‐L1 immunocytochemistry were compared with the corresponding cytological smears.ResultsAmong all CBs, 202 (44.4%) from leftover pleural effusion fluid and 85 (22.1%) from residual bronchial washing sediment had an optimal number of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Eight pleural effusion CBs were stained for TTF‐1. Four pleural effusion and two bronchial washing CBs were stained for ALK and PD‐L1. All tested pleural effusion CBs were confirmed positive for TTF‐1 and negative for ALK. The PD‐L1 tumour proportion score (TPS) was ≥ 50% in two pleural effusions. ALK was confirmed negative in bronchial washing CBs. One bronchial washing CB was interpreted as PD‐L1‐negative while the corresponding smear was positive (TPS ≥1%; 2%).ConclusionThe CB results of TTF‐1, ALK, and PD‐L1 corresponded to the findings for the smears. The inclusion of CBs prepared from leftover fluid from pleural effusion samples and residual bronchial washing sediment in routine cytological practice could provide a source of high‐quality material for immunocytochemistry in addition to smears and cytospins.
Carbon emission reduction policy simulation based on the CGE model
Authors: Lin Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon peaking and carbon neutrality will be important policies to constrain China's economic and social development in the future. Based on the theory of computable general equilibrium, CGE model of carbon emission was constructed in this paper to simulate the influence of different scenarios of carbon emission reduction on economic and social development. The major contribution is to subdivide the energy sector according to primary energy and secondary energy, and construct the macro SAM table and micro SAM table of 21 energy sectors in 2017 to quantitatively simulate the impact of carbon emission reduction policies on China's economy and society, and put forward some policy suggestions based on this.
Systematic genetic identification of functional domains on collided di‐ribosomes responsible for rescue pathways upon translation arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Otsuka Hiroshi , Endo Kei , Wada Miki , Ito Koichi 
Published: March 2023

Translation elongation becomes arrested when various obstacles arise, such as a series of inefficient rare codons or stable RNA secondary structures, thus causing ribosomal stalling along the mRNA. Certain wasteful and persistent stalling states are resolved by ribosome rescue pathways. For instance, collisions between stalled and subsequent ribosomes are thought to induce ubiquitination of ribosomal S20 protein by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hel2, which triggers subsequent rescue reactions. Although structural studies have revealed specific contact sites between collided ribosomes, the ribosomal regions crucial for the rescue reaction remain uncharacterized. In this study, we performed a systematic genetic analysis to identify the molecular regions required for ribosome rescue in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A series of dominant negative mutations capable of abolishing the rescue reaction were isolated in ribosomal proteins S20 and Asc1. Moreover, mutations in both proteins clustered on the surface of ribosomes between the collided ribosome interfaces, aligned in such a way that they seemingly faced each other. Further analysis via the application of the split‐TRP1 protein assay revealed that the mutation of either protein distinctively affected the functional interaction between Hel2 and Asc1, suggesting the development of differential functionality at the interface between collided ribosomes. Our results provide novel and complementary insights into the detailed molecular mechanisms of ribosomal rescue pathways.