bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customized nutrient management of onion (Alium cepa) agroecosystems
Authors: Hahn Leandro , Kurtz Claudinei , Paula Betania Vahl , Feltrim Anderson Luiz , Higashikawa Fábio Satoshi , Moreira Camila , Rozane Danilo Eduardo , Brunetto Gustavo , Parent Léon-Étienne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

While onion cultivars, irrigation and soil and crop management practices have been given much attention in Brazil, nutrient management at growers’ scale is still challenging. Our objective was to customize the fertilization of onion crops. We attempted to adjust nutrient management to the complexity of onion cropping systems by combining ML and compositional methods. We assembled climatic, edaphic, and managerial features as well as tissue tests into a data set of 1182 observations collected across fertilizer experiments conducted over 13 years. Data were processed using machine learning methods. Fertilization (NPK) treatments as well as edaphic and managerial features that are easy to acquire by stakeholders sufficed to explain 93.5% of total variation in marketable onion yields. Customized crop response models differed from state-base fertilizer recommendations, indicating potential benefits to customize fertilizer recommendations using a median experimental site condition in southern Brazil. Foliar nutrient standards to reach > 50 Mg bulb ha− 1differed among cultivars grown under a large range of edaphic and managerial features, supporting local nutrient diagnosis. Larger and more diversified observational and experimental data sets could be acquired to customize fertilization across more Brazilian onion agroecosystems and document successful combinations of growth-impacting features through close ethical collaboration among stakeholders.
Synthesis and Anti-microbial activity of Isoxazole derivates via Nitrile Oxide, 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Ahmed Sarbast M , Abdulrahman Hayman sardar , Hussain Faiq H. S. , Ahmad Hiwa Omer , Qader Idrees B. , Qader Hemn A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Disease Burden and the Accumulation of Multimorbidity of Noncommunicable Diseases in a Rural Population in Henan, China: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chen Ying , Pan Mingming , He Yaling , Dong Xiaokang , Hu Ze , Hou Jian , Bao Yining , Yang Jing , Yuchi Yinghao , Li Ruiying , Zhu Linghui , Kang Ning , Liao Wei , Li Shuoyi , Wang Chongjian , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2023

Background
Multimorbidity causes substantial disease and economic burdens on individuals and the health care system.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the disease burden of multimorbidity and the potential correlations among chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in a rural population in Henan, China.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the baseline survey of the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Multimorbidity was defined as the simultaneous occurrence of at least two NCDs in a participant. This study examined the multimorbidity pattern of 6 NCDs, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hyperuricemia.

Results
From July 2015 to September 2017, a total of 38,807 participants (aged 18-79 years; 15,354 men and 23,453 women) were included in this study. The overall population prevalence of multimorbidity was 28.1% (10,899/38,807), and the multimorbidity of hypertension and dyslipidemia was the most common (8.1%, 3153/38,807). Aging, higher BMI, and unfavorable lifestyles were significantly associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity (multinomial logistic regression, all P<.05). The analysis of the mean age at diagnosis suggested a cascade of interrelated NCDs and their accumulation over time. Compared with participants without 2 conditional NCDs, participants with 1 conditional NCD would have higher odds of another NCD (1.2-2.5; all P<.05), and those with 2 conditional NCDs would elevate the odds of the third NCD to 1.4-3.5 (binary logistic regression, all P<.05).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate a plausible tendency for the coexistence and accumulation of NCDs in a rural population in Henan, China. Early prevention of multimorbidity is essential to reduce the NCD burden in the rural population.
Effects of Oral Hygiene Habits on the Clinical Performance of Tooth-Coloured Posterior Restorations
Authors: Omokhua Harrison , Sede Mathew A , Enabulele Joan E 
Published: March 2023

Background: The search for a material that will meet the present-day demands for good aesthetics and functionality has continued to generate interest in dental material sciences. Resinous materials, especially composite resins have no doubt been employed in meeting some of these demands. These restorations like the natural teeth are often exposed to the effect of toothbrushing and other oral hygiene practices.
Objective: The study aimed to assess the effects of toothbrushing on the clinical performance of Resin-based Composites in posterior teeth.
Method: This was a prospective study carried out in the conservative clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Following ethical approval, thirty-five patients who had at least three posterior teeth caries and met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. The 35 patients then received three restorations each of Organically modified ceramics (ORMOCER), Nanohybrid, and micro-hybrid
Results: Thirty-five participants were recruited for this study. Of the 35 participants, 29 (82.9%) were females while 6 (17.1%) were males, giving a female-to-male ratio of 4:1. Each participant had 3 cavities which were restored with each of the test materials, giving a total of 105 restorations. There was a statistically significant finding with those who brushed using the horizontal technique as well as with those who brushed for a longer duration.
Conclusion: The present study showed that oral hygiene habits especially tooth brushing have effects on the clinical performance of Resin-based Composites, though the effects vary depending on the aspect of toothbrushing.
Keywords: Effects, Oral hygiene, Clinical Performance, Posterior restorations
Novel 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole-pyridine hybrids as potential DNA gyrase B inhibitors (5D7R): ADMET prediction and molecular docking study
Authors: Durgadasheemi Nagaraj N , Kolageri Shivanand N 
Published: March 2023

A small molecule (ligand) is placed in the binding site of its macromolecular target (receptor) using a computational process called molecular docking, which also calculates the binding affinity of the small molecule. With the use of PyRx software, the current study tried a high-throughput in-silico screening of 16 compounds docked with the crystal structure of DNA gyrase B receptors (PDB ID: 5D7R). In the range of -8.0 and -8.1, 3 of these 16 compounds displayed very good mol dock scores. As a typical medicine, amoxicillin medications have a mol dock score of -7.1. According to the results, all of the investigated ligands occupy similar positions and directions within the putative binding site of DNA gyrase B receptors (PDB ID: 5D7R), which reveals a sizable area surrounded by a membrane binding domain that acts as a pathway for substrate entry into the active site. Additionally, any small molecule's affinity can be viewed as a special instrument in the field of drug design and provide a possibility for future study to create an antibacterial activity. Additionally, ADME evaluations must be used to confirm compounds that are candidates for oral administration. The findings demonstrated that compound 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4i, 4j, and 4k absorbed from GIT and compound 4i, 4j, and 4k fulfilled the Lipinski rule.
Keywords: 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole, ADME Evaluation, molecular docking, antimicrobial activity
Design and In-Vitro Evaluation of Compressed Kollidon® SR Based Naproxen Sodium Microcapsule: Effect of Talc
Authors: Jalil Reza-Ul , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Laman Fuad M 
Published: March 2023

Naproxen sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic antipyretic properties. In this research work, naproxen sodium was encapsulated by solvent-evaporation technique using kollidon® SR as coating polymeric material to prolong the therapeutic duration of the drug. Four different concentrations of talc were used as additives to see the changes in drug release pattern from the compressed microcapsules. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was applied to study size and surface morphology of prepared microcapsules. UV-spectrophotometric method was applied to calculate the drug loading efficiency and the performance of the prepared dosage form was evaluated in terms of in-vitro dissolution studies according to USP paddle method (type 2) in 400 ml in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) for 8 hours at 370 ± 50 C temperature at 50 rpm. Release of naproxen sodium from the compressed microcapsules was found to follow hixon crowell mechanism (R2=0.99). Hixon equation was used to calculate the release exponent value (n) which indicates the drug release behavior and the mean dissolution time T50% (MDT) for release rate. The surfaces of the microcapsules became smoother with the increase in talc amount and simultaneously decrease in drug release rate.
Keywords: Naproxen sodium, Kollidon® SR, microcapsule, emulsion solvent evaporation technique, MDT (Mean Dissolution Time)
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Liquid Insecticide
Authors: Khandelwal Sanskrati , Maheshwari Prachi , Jain Vikas , Mahajan Suresh Chandra 
Published: March 2023

Extensive usage of commercially available synthetic pesticides against phytophagous insects has resulted in their bio-accumulation in the environment, leading to a rise in resistance and a decrease in soil biodiversity over time. In addition, 90% of the sprayed pesticides penetrate the different natural resources via runoff, exposing farmers and consumers of agricultural products to serious health risks. As a result, increasing emphasis has been placed on the creation of environmentally benign pesticides/insecticides that would enable an effective pest management system and minimise chronic exposures that contribute to illnesses. The utilization of the herbal active compounds with insecticidal activities is one such technique. Hence the aim of this study was to develop herbal insecticide formulations from extracts of leaves of Azadirachta Indica, Datura Stramonium, Cascabela Thevetia and seeds of Annona Squamosa. Insecticidal efficacy of developed formulations was tested in-vitro against ballworm larvae. The study unveiled its significance in developing herbal insecticidal formulations as an alternative to harmful synthetic chemical insecticides and a step forward towards development of a promising eco-friendly technology in crop protection.
Keywords: Insecticides, Biopesticide, Azadirachta indica, Datura Stramonium, Annona Squamosa, Cascabela Thevetia.
Bioactive Ethnomedicinal Plant Extracts for the Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy Women Challenges in Pandemic Period
Authors: Vijayalakshmi S. , Mohankumar A. 
Published: March 2023

Today urinary tract infection causing Escherichia coli is also serious problem among pregnant women especially during pandemic period. So the mid stream urine samples were collected from different clinics and Public Health Centre in from rural area of Salem city. Totally 25 E. coli was isolated from 25 mid stream urine samples and confirmed by biochemical test and growth parameters. In this study the optimum growth was recorded in pH 7 at 37ᵒC. To date the patterns of resistance to the antimicrobial agents may be due to indiscriminate, wide spread and lengthy use of antibiotics in the treatment of UTI particularly in pandemic situation 2022. So, the present research targeted to extract the therapeutic drug from the high medicinal value of ethano medicinal plant extract because it having anti-UTI compound to diagnose the UTI infection. In this research the antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula, Allium sativum, Laurus nobilis, Hybamthus enneapermus, Cinnamomum tamala and Zingiber officinale was studied by agar well diffusion method. Four different concentrations (25μl, 50μl, 75μl and 100μl) were used against Escherichia coli. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in plant extracts Terminalia chebula 11mm, 13mm, 16mm and 20mm in strain no. EC05 followed by minimum zone of inhibition was observed in the plant extract Hybamthus enneapermus 10mm in strain no. EC05 at 100μl concentration of crude plant extracts. The research proved the ethano medicinal plant extract to cleave the pathogenic cell wall of E. coli.
Keywords: E. coli, Urinary tract infection, Pregnancy Women, Medicinal Plant Extracts
Design, Development and Characterization of Nanostructure Lipid Carriers (NLCs) by HPH Method Loaded with Anticancer Drug
Authors: Gorle Ashish , Pawar Tushar , Mahhirao Jayesh 
Published: March 2023

The Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) was formulated with the aim to improve the aqueous solubility and thus ultimately oral bioavailability of Axitinib. Axitinib loaded NLCs were formulated using Compritol ATO 888 as solid-lipid, Oleic acid as liquid-lipid and Tween 80 as surfactant by the High-Pressure Homogenization technique. A full 23 factorial design was utilized to study the effect of the independent parameters, solid-lipid to the liquid-lipid ratio (6:4) and surfactant, on the dependent variables such as Mean Particle Size (MPS) and Entrapment Efficiency (%EE). Optimized formulation showed 202.2 nm MPS, -21.5 mV zeta-potential and 0.44 PDI, and 88% EE, which imparts good stability of developed NLCs. The physicochemical characterization of AXT loaded NLCs was done by examining the results of Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. The stability study of optimized formulation was found to be stable with no significant change in particle size, and drug content. In vitro release profiles of NLCs indicated a burst release for the first 2 hrs followed by a prolonged-release profile for AXT until about more than 10 hrs. The Axitinib NLCs may provide a better bioavailability, reduction in dose, dosing frequency, dose-related side effects and better control of the disease. A foresaid results showed the potential of NLCs for significant improvement in oral bioavailability of poorly soluble Axitinib in cancer treatment.
Keywords: NLCs, full factorial design, high-pressure homogenization, in-vitro release
Fluorimetric Determination of Antiviral (COVID-19) Drug Favipiravir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Bhavya Sri K. , Fatima Md. Saba , Banu Shaheen , Sumakanth M. 
Published: March 2023

Favipiravir is a synthetic prodrug, which was first discovered while assessing the antiviral activity of chemical agents active against the influenza virus in the chemical library of Toyoma chemicals. It works by inhibiting RNA dependant RNA polymerase (RdRP), an enzyme required for RNA viral replication inside human cells. A simple, rapid, and economic method was developed for the quantitative determination of Favipiravirusing spectrofluorometer. The Favipiravir standard drug solution and sample tablet solution was prepared using double distilled water as a diluent. The different concentrations ofpure drugin the range 2-10 μg/ml and one sample solution were measured for the intensity at 432nm in the spectrofluorometer. The calibration curve was plotted and the sample’s unknown concentration was calculated from the plot. The calibration curve was found to be linear with r2 value obtained as 0.99.There are various other methods available for the quantification of Favipiravir which include RP-HPLC, UV-spectroscopic methods, FTIR, LC-MS with different extraction methods spiked in human plasma but not by using spectrofluorometer. Favipiravir shows fluorescence when dissolved in appropriate solvent hencethis method was developed to quantify Favipiravir which is a simple and efficient method. This method developed is easy and can be used for routine quality control test for Favipiravir pharmaceutical formulations.
Keywords: Favipiravir, spectrofluorometer, Calibration curve.
Microneedles: Recent advances and development in the field of transdermal drug delivery technology
Authors: Arora Monica , Laskar Tanjima Tarique 
Published: March 2023

Microneedles have emerged as a novel therapeutic modality in transdermal drug delivery system. The concept of microneedle has caught attention of the investigators owing to its immense utilities and unique promising features of painless drug delivery by crossing the impervious barrier layer of stratum corneum of skin efficiently in a non-invasive manner. It provides excellent therapeutic potency and bioavailability of drugs compared to most other conventional drug delivery routes. Microneedles have supremacy on avoidance of pre-systemic first pass metabolism of administered drugs, better patient compliance and avoidance of gastric irritation which outweighs the adherence of other conventional drug delivery system. As a trendy approach in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field, its applications are constantly evolving due to its ability to deliver large molecules with ionic and hydrophilic nature along with delivery of other products like insulin, vaccine, vitamins, peptides, oligonucleotides etc. The review provides an insight on recent advances of microneedles by emphasizing on various types, fabrication techniques, fabrication materials and various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of microneedles along with some approved marketed microneedle products.
Keywords: Microneedles, types, fabrication techniques, commercial products
A Review on Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Applications of Chalcone-based Schiff Bases
Authors: SEKAR PRAVEEN , KUMAR SHRIDHARSHINI , Raju Senthil Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Heterocyclic compounds are an important class of compounds in the field of pharmaceutical and synthetic organic chemistry. The Schiff bases contain azomethine linkages which are obtained by the condensation of aldehyde/ketone with amines. Among the various types of Schiff bases, the chalcone-based Schiff bases play a vital role in the treatment of various ailments and various applications, which can be synthesized by using different types of chalcones as the starting materials. These types of compounds were synthesized by using various techniques like conventional means of synthesis, microwave-assisted reaction, heterocyclic catalyst-mediated synthesis and also by means of trituration. The chalcone or bis-chalcone-based Schiff bases and their derivatives contain -C=N linkage which exhibits various activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and immunosuppressant activities. Beyond these activities, these types of Schiff bases are also used in various chemical industries and fluorescent sensors, which also play a major role in the field of synthetic organic chemistry and coordination chemistry as intermediates. This review discusses the numerous synthetic strategies along with their applications in the field of medicine. Thus, this review will be helpful in developing more effective drug-like scaffolds for use in future drug design.
Keywords: Schiff bases, Chalcone-based Schiff bases, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Biological Applications
Effect of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) ethanol extract on doxorubicin-induced toxicity on hematology in male rats
Authors: Angela Intan Farah Diba , Dalimunthe Aminah , Harahap Urip , Satria Denny 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Doxorubicin is one of the chemotherapy drugs that have harmful effects on blood hematology. Blood hematological diseases are caused by its adverse effects and anticancer properties. The antioxidant properties of several plants have been reported to be closely related to reduced toxicity in blood hematology. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) ethanolic extract (AEE) is thought to reduce the toxicity of doxorubicin due to the antioxidant properties of its secondary metabolite content. This study aimed to determine the effect of AEE on doxorubicin-induced rats and its effect on blood cells. Materials and Method: A total of 24 male rats were divided into 6 groups: (1) Normal group; (2) 0.5% Na-CMC group; (3) 50 mg/kg BW quercetin group; (4) AEE 75 mg/kg BW group; (5) AEE 150 mg/kg BW group; and (6) AEE group 300 mg/kg BW administered orally for 9 days. On days 8 and 9, doxorubicin 10 mg/kg BW was administered. Rats were sacrificed for blood collection, and measured at the Integrated Laboratory of the USU Hospital. Results: AEE reduces the toxicity of doxorubicin on blood parameters. Furthermore, it affects Hb, white blood cells, platelet cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and several related protein metabolisms as well as organ damage. Dose 150 or 300 mg/kg AEE reduce all blood toxins to near-normal levels and decrease the lymphocyte and neutrophil suppressive activity of doxorubicin. Conclusion: Andaliman ethanol extract can improve Hb count, white blood cells, platelet cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, protein metabolism, and organ damage. Furthermore, AEE can be used in combination with doxorubicin to reduce its hematological toxicity.
Keywords: toxicity, hematology, doxorubicin, andaliman, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, extract
Acute bloody diarrhea in children below five years of age in Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Al Mamory Basheer Hussien Mugheer , Al Obeidi Asaad  Fakhri Hasan , Al Kenani Ahmed Kamel Tooman 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The aim of study is to find the causes, how optimal diagnosis and what is the most causative agents of bloody diarrhea in infants and children.
Methods: One hundred children with bloody diarrhea (three or more loose bowel motion / day with visible blood in stool) from total 1660 of gastroenteritis where studied in Babylon hospital for maternity and children in Hilla from (1st of March to 31 August 2012), all of them were less than five years of age. Those with surgical condition excluded from the study.
Results: Higher percentage with E. histolytica 50 (50%).Their stool culture was showed growth of normal flora. Second microorganism was E. Coli 20 (20%), Third microorganism was Shigella 7 (7%). There is no relationship between types of microorganisms in bloody diarrhea and different age group. More than 50% of the patients with bloody diarrhea was found in those who were below 2 years. There is no significant difference between type of microorganisms and gender of the patient’s. There is significant difference between total number of cases and gender of the patient’s. Male more affected 56 (56%) than female 44 (44%). There is a significant difference between total number of patients and residence of patients. Patient come from rural area were more 60 (60%) than those from urban area 40 (40%).
Conclusion: Entamoeba Histolytica one of the most frequent offending pathogen in-patient with bloody diarrhea in our society. Children below 2 years are the main affected group and male sex affected more than female.