bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA from museum samples of a parasitoid wasp genus (Braconidae: Syntretus) offers novel insights into host‐parasitoid interactions
Authors: Folly Arran J. , Porter Hannah‐Rose , Galloway Jim A. M. , Schmidt Stefan , Shaw Mark R. , Broad Gavin R. , Gammans Nikki , Brown Mark J. F. , Barnes Ian , Brace Selina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parasitoid wasps are a large group of species‐rich superfamilies within the order Hymenoptera which form an essential part of terrestrial ecosystems. Many species hold additional value as natural enemies of agricultural pests. Considering their ecological and economic importance, it is perhaps surprising that a significant proportion of these insects are understudied.
Here we focus on one genus of parasitoid wasp, Syntretus, due to its parasitism of short‐haired bumblebee (Bombus subterraneus) queens from Sweden, investigated as part of a reintroduction programme in the United Kingdom (UK).
We used a genome‐skimming approach to recover mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from single legs of Syntretus museum specimens, to elucidate the metagenomic content of archival samples and assess their suitability for use in phylogenetic analysis. Utilising 6.7 kb of genomic DNA, we recovered two clades within Syntretus, a possible consequence of host choice.
Our analyses also recovered commensal polydnavirus sequences, which is the first time this endogenous virus has been identified in this parasitoid genus. These commensal virions are likely used by egg‐laying female Syntretus to circumnavigate host immune responses so that larvae can develop. Our polydnavirus Bayesian phylogeny suggests that the viral genomes may have different evolutionary histories to their Syntretus hosts, which we infer from the lack of support for co‐speciation in this symbiosis.
Finally, we elucidate a novel host‐parasitoid relationship by identifying that S. politus parasitises B. subterraneus in Sweden. Combined, our results demonstrate the value of museum collections in undertaking detailed host‐parasitoid studies, which can, in turn, inform conservation strategies.
Invasive group B streptococcal infections in Western Australia, 2000–2018
Authors: Wright Cameron M. , Moorin Rachael , Dyer John , Carapetis Jonathan , Manning Laurens 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal and puerperal sepsis are major manifestations of invasive group B streptococcal (Streptococcus agalactiae; iGBS) infections. International data indicate the importance of iGBS infections among non‐pregnant adults.AimsTo describe the burden of iGBS infections in Western Australia (WA) between 2000 and 2018 in terms of incidence, length of hospitalisation and all‐cause 30‐ and 90‐day mortality.MethodsThis was a retrospective, population‐based study using linked data from the state government‐owned pathology provider, hospitalisations and death registrations. Children and adults with isolation of GBS in a normally sterile site or a hospital‐based diagnosis of iGBS infection were included.ResultsThere were 2861 cases; just over a quarter (n = 768) were aged 0–1 year. Half of the cases were among females (1438 of 2861), and the median age was 39 years. Incidence increased over the study period, with an age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rate ratio for year of 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.09). The incidence in 2018 was 9.5 cases (95% CI 8.3–10.6 cases) per 100 000 population. The proportion of cases among those aged 0–1 year fell across the period, while the relative incidence in older age groups increased. The median length of hospital stay was 7 days (interquartile range 4–15 days), and mortality at 30 days was 3% (95 of 2861).ConclusionsiGBS cases increased across the period 2000–2018 in WA, with older adults making up a higher proportion of cases over time. Preventive efforts among older patients, including potentially through vaccination, may reverse this increase.
Associations between nurse‐to‐patient ratio, nurse educational level, and nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes: A 12‐month prospective observational study
Authors: Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Choi Kai Chow , Tong Danny Wah Kun , Kwok Angela Mei Ling , Butt Laveeza , Chan Eric Lu Shek , Lee Iris Fung Kam , Lee Diana Tze Fan , Mchugh Matthew D. , Thompson David R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo investigate the associations between nurse staffing levels, nurse educational level, and nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes among patients in medical and surgical wards.BackgroundPatient outcomes are affected by a variety of factors, including nurse staffing and registered nurse (RN) educational levels. An examination of the associations between these factors and patient outcomes will help identify the impact that nurses make on patient care, including health and safety.MethodsA 12‐month prospective observational study was conducted in four major hospitals in Hong Kong. Data on nurse staffing were collected daily, while data on nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes were retrieved from patient records and nursing documentation. Multiple regression was used to examine the association between each of the outcomes and the explanatory variables including nurse‐to‐patient ratio and educational qualifications at the ward level. The STROBE guidelines were followed in this study.ResultsThe average monthly nurse‐to‐patient ratio per ward was 1:9.2 (1:7.4 for day (morning and afternoon) and 1:19.1 for night shifts). The percentage of RNs with a bachelor's or higher degree was 83.6%. A higher nurse‐to‐patient ratio was significantly associated with a larger number of patients with physical restraints and catheter‐associated urinary tract infections. A significant association was also found between a higher percentage of RNs with a bachelor's or higher degree and a smaller number of physical restraints used.ConclusionsNurse staffing and educational levels were associated with key patient outcomes such as physical restraint use and incidence of catheter‐associated urinary tract infections.Implications for nursing and health policyCurrent nurse staffing strategies should be refined in light of these findings in order to enhance patient health and safety outcomes.
The Role of SWI/SNF Complex in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Lei Zixiao , Han Yanfeng , Liao Jiejun , Li Xiaohong , Su Qisheng , Yang Zheng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBladder cancer originates from bladder tissues and is the ninth most common type of cancer worldwide. The SWI/SNF (SWItch/sucrose non‐ fermentable) complex plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, such as cell cycle control, DNA damage repair and transcription regulation. The purpose of this article is to examine the functional studies of the SWI/SNF complex in bladder cancer, highlighting new pathways for creating personalised treatment approaches for bladder cancer patients with mutations in the SWI/SNF complex. By acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of the SWI/SNF complex in bladder cancer, we can offer more precise and effective solutions to treat this disease.
Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming of Immune Cells in the Microenvironment of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Cancers
Authors: Zhao Yongqing , Zhu Weixiong , Dong Shi , Zhang Hui , Zhou Wence 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimPancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers are increasing in prevalence and contribute significantly to cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Emerging therapeutic approaches, particularly immunotherapy, are gaining attention for their potential to harness the patient's immune system to combat these tumors. Understanding the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their metabolic reprogramming is key to developing more effective treatment strategies. This review aims to explore the relationship between immune cell function and glucose metabolism in the TME of pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers.MethodsThis review synthesizes current research on the metabolic adaptations of immune cells, specifically focusing on glucose metabolism within the TME of pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers. We examine the mechanisms by which immune cells influence tumor progression through metabolic reprogramming and how these interactions can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.ResultsImmune cells in the TME undergo significant metabolic changes, with glucose metabolism playing a central role in modulating immune responses. These metabolic shifts not only affect immune cell function but also influence tumor behavior and progression. The unique metabolic features of immune cells in pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers provide new opportunities for targeting immune responses to combat these malignancies more effectively.ConclusionUnderstanding the complex relationship between immune cell glucose metabolism and tumor progression in the TME of pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers offers promising therapeutic strategies. By modulating immune responses through targeted metabolic interventions, it may be possible to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies and better combat these aggressive cancers.
Exosomes: Historical Evolution and Emerging Roles in Dermatology
Authors: Schur Nina , Samman Luna , Shah Milaan , Dukharan Victoria , Stegura Carol , Broughton Luke , Schlesinger Todd 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundExosomes are a nanoscale extracellular vesicles derived from different cell types that have been investigated for various clinical applications, including functioning as biomarkers and use as direct therapeutics. Given the role of exosomes in multiple pathophysiologic pathways and potential practical applications, they have garnered significant interest in the scientific community but much is still unknown about their development and use.AimsThis literature review covers the background, mechanisms of action, use as biomarkers, methods of application, and direct therapeutic applications of exosomes.MethodsA literature review on the background and uses of exosomes was conducted. Key articles describing the pathophysiologic pathways and applications of exosomes were summarized and described.ResultsExosomes impact several cellular pathways which allow them to function as biomarkers for malignancy and inflammatory dermatoses and may make them useful therapeutics for skin rejuvenation, hair loss, and wound repair. Limitations of exosomes include an incomplete understanding of their functions and impacts and a lack of standardization in their production and application.ConclusionsExosomes are a unique and novel cellular medium that offer promise as a diagnostic tool and therapy. While there are limitations to the uses of exosomes as well as our current understanding of them, further investigation may yield additional applications and a larger role in medicine for exosomes.
Low‐Energy Delicate Pulsed Light Therapy for Sensitive Skin: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fu Yujie , Quan Yue , Zhao Wanxing , Liu Zhaoyang , Peng Jiao , Pang Xinyue , Zhao Boyu , Tan Lisha , Zhou Quan , Shao Lili , Wang Huiping , Hou Shuping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSensitive skin (SS) is a multifactorial syndrome that affects about half of the world's population. However, there is no standardized treatment protocol. Photovoltaic technology has been widely used in recent years for the treatment of sensitive skin, but the efficacy of low‐energy delicate pulsed light (DPL) in the treatment of sensitive skin is unknown.ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of low‐energy DPL treatment for sensitive skin.MethodsThis study included 181 patients with SS who attended the Department of Dermatology from January 2019 to January 2022. All patients were treated with DPL (5.0–6.8 J/cm2). Patients received varying durations of DPL, with 4‐week intervals based on the severity of their condition. Sensitivity scores at baseline and final treatment were collected using a 10‐item sensitivity scale (SS‐10). Facial erythema was assessed through the Clinician Erythema Assessment Scale (CEA) based on facial photographs taken at each visit. VISIA‐CR was used to visualize and analyze facial redness at baseline and after the final treatment, and erythema values were recorded. Adverse reactions were documented during each treatment session.ResultsAmong 181 patients, 86 were SS alone, 32 were rosacea with SS, 32 were acne with SS, and 31 were dermatitis with SS. A significant difference was observed between patients' baseline and final SS‐10 scores (p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were found between the patients' CEA scores at different visits (p < 0.001). Clinical photographs demonstrated significant improvements in facial redness and skin color. VISIA‐CR analysis showed a considerable reduction in erythema values at the final treatment visit compared to baseline (p < 0.001). No obvious adverse effects were observed in any of the patients.ConclusionLow‐energy DPL is an effective and safe treatment for sensitive skin.
Phenotypic Reaction of Cultivated and Wild Brinjal Genotypes to Fusarium Wilt Under Sick Plot and Artificially Inoculated Pot Conditions
Authors: Kumar Ananya P , Ranjan J. K. , Tomar B. S. , Lata Suman , Singh Jogendra , Mishra G. P. , Akhtar Jameel , Kumar Pradeep , Tiwari Ritu , Ranjan Pragya , Gayacharan  
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBrinjal (Solanum melongena L.), an important solanaceous vegetable valued for its rich nutritional profile and potential health benefits, is widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Existing food and nutritional security concerns are exacerbated due to the rise in soil borne pathogens, a direct consequence of global warming, increasing the risk of crop diseases. Among these, Fusarium wilt, caused by multiple species of Fusarium, is very serious due to its severity and persistent nature. Traditional control measures, including cultural, biological and chemical approaches, have proven inadequate, highlighting the need for resistant cultivars. The current study focused on identifying fungal pathogen associated with brinjal wilt, by employing morpho‐cultural identification, molecular characterisation by sequencing and DNA barcoding of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β‐tubulin regions and pathogenicity assays of fungal isolate. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae was identified as the pathogen associated with vascular wilt of brinjal. The study evaluated 90 diverse genotypes, including released varieties and local landraces of cultivated brinjal, and related wild Solanum sp. for resistance against Fusarium wilt by screening under field conditions. Confirmatory evaluation of disease reaction was done by screening under artificially inoculated conditions in pots. Percent disease incidence (PDI), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and area under disease progress stairs (AUDPS) were used to identify sources of resistance and understand disease progression patterns. Three genotypes namely Swarna Mani, S. sisymbriifolium and S. torvum were identified as highly resistant and seven genotypes namely G‐17, Pink, CH‐151, Sidhasar Local, Special Muktakeshi, H‐183 and Pink Shiny Medium Long were found resistant to the disease under both field and pot conditions. Resistant genotypes exhibited distinct variations in disease progression patterns. The identified highly resistant and resistant genotypes hold significant potential for breeding programs aimed at enhancing crop resilience to the increasing threat posed by Fusarium species.
Content Analysis of Austrian Print and Online Newspaper Coverage of Breastfeeding Over Two Decades
Authors: Zuckerhut Birgit , Naderer Brigitte , Eberl Jakob‐Moritz , Tolochko Petro , Lercher Leah , Jirovsky‐Platter Elena , Winzer Eva , Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Wakolbinger Maria 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the first 6 months, breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for newborns, but the breastfeeding prevalence in Austria is still below the official WHO Guidelines (64% breastfeeding and 1.9% exclusive breastfeeding after 6 months). Exclusive breastfeeding rates in the first 6 months are low in the European Region but higher globally at 48%. Breastfeeding behaviour and the decision to breastfeed can be influenced by many factors, such as social norms, the social environment, health, commercial milk formula (CMF) marketing, and media reports. Therefore, it is important to understand how breastfeeding and CMF are presented in Austrian media and the possible impact these portrayals have on mothers and the broader community. The aim of this study was to analyze print and online newspaper coverage in Austrian newspapers related to breastfeeding between 2002 and 2022 with a special focus on the valence of reporting on breastfeeding and CMF in different genres of online and print newspapers. For this analysis, more than 2500 unique articles were identified, coded, and analysed (e.g., main topic, valence towards breastfeeding, and valence towards CMF). The results showed that media coverage of breastfeeding has decreased slightly over the last 20 years, particularly with the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Print and online newspaper coverage of breastfeeding was mostly neutral, with a focus on breastfeeding and its association with disease, health benefits of breastfeeding, and event announcements related to breastfeeding. The valence on breastfeeding was more positive than on CMF. Middle‐market newspapers appear to report more about breastfeeding than tabloids and broadsheets. To normalise breastfeeding, informative, unbiased, and extensive media coverage is important. Collaboration between breastfeeding advocates and journalists could be beneficial in increasing positive coverage of breastfeeding in the long term.
Deciphering the Coupling State‐Dependent Transcription Termination in the Escherichia coli Galactose Operon
Authors: Abishek N Monford Paul , Wang Xun , Jeon Heung Jin , Lim Heon M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe distance between the ribosome and the RNA polymerase active centers, known as the mRNA loop length, is crucial for transcription‐translation coupling. Despite the existence of multiple expressomes with varying mRNA loop lengths, their in vivo roles remain largely unexplored. This study examines the mechanisms governing transcription termination in the Escherichia coli galactose operon, revealing a crucial role in the transcription and translation coupling state. The operon utilizes both Rho‐independent and Rho‐dependent terminators. Our findings demonstrate that long‐loop coupled transcription‐translation complexes preferentially terminate at the upstream Rho‐independent terminator, while short‐loop complexes bypass it, terminating at the downstream Rho‐dependent terminator. The efficiency of the Rho‐independent terminator is enhanced by an extended U‐track, suggesting a novel mechanism to overcome ribosome inhibition. These results uncover a new regulatory layer in transcription termination, challenging the traditional view of this process as random and highlighting a predetermined mechanism based on the coupling state. We propose that tandem terminators may function as regulatory checkpoints under fluctuating ribosome‐RNAP coupling conditions, which can occur due to specific cellular states or factors affecting ribosome or RNAP binding efficiency. This suggests a previously overlooked mechanism that could refine transcription termination choices and expand our understanding of transcription regulation.
Comparison of Therapeutic Effects of Different Rehabilitation Methods on Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jin Zhaokai , Tang Yi , Huang Hua , Chen Lei , Zhang Zhongyi , Ma Tianyou , Wang Zhengming , Su Hai , Zhou Haojing , Lv Shuaijie , Tong Peijian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe rehabilitation methods after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can affect the recovery of complications and joint function, and the selection and comparison of rehabilitation methods after TKA still need further research.MethodsA comprehensive search of five databases and two clinical trial registration platforms was conducted from inception through March 31, 2024, and conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We extracted the required data according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Finally, 32 trials involving 2292 patients were included, the mean age of the enrolled patients was ~69.10 years, the sex ratio of males was (31.6%), and the longest follow‐up time was 2 years. And we have summarized nine rehabilitation intervention measures: conventional physical therapy (CPT), cryotherapy, thermal therapy (TT), acupuncture, hydrotherapy, neuromuscular training (NT), electrotherapy, continuous passive motion (CPM), continuous active motion (CAM). And use the range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) as the outcome measure to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA) was carried out for calculating standardized mean difference (SMD) and the surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of improvement of knee joint function after TKA by different rehabilitation methods.ResultAfter treatment, the ROM results showed that cryotherapy, electrotherapy, and NT had better therapeutic effects. Among them, cryotherapy (WMD = 10.3, 95% CI 1.63–18.2) had a significant therapeutic effect. In terms of VAS, NT and TT showed good therapeutic effects. Among them, NT had a more significant therapeutic effect, while CAM had less effect. After treatment, in terms of WOMAC, TT, hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, and NT had better therapeutic effects. TT had the best therapeutic effect, while Hydrotherapy and Cryotherapy also had certain advantages.ConclusionNT, TT, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, and electrotherapy rehabilitation therapies have good therapeutic effects for TKA patients compared with other interventions. Among them, NT may be the best postoperative rehabilitation therapy.