bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing near‐infrared fluorescence intensity and stability of PLGA‐b‐PEG micelles by introducing Gd‐DOTA at the core boundary
Authors: Doan Thi Kim Dung , Umezawa Masakazu , Okubo Kyohei , Kamimura Masao , Soga Kohei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicelles have been extensively used in biomedicine as potential carriers of hydrophobic fluorescent dyes. Their small diameters can potentially enable them to evade recognition by the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in prolonged circulation. Nevertheless, their lack of stability in physiological environments limits the imaging utility of micelles. In particular, when a dye sensitive to water, such as IR‐1061, is encapsulated in the micelle core, the destabilized structure leads to interactions between water and dye, degrading the fluorescence. In this study, we investigated a method to improve micelle stability utilizing the electrical effect of gadolinium (Gd3+) and tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA), introduced into the micelles. Three micellar structures, one containing a poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA‐b‐PEG) block copolymer, and two other structures, including PLGA‐b‐PEG with DOTA or Gd‐DOTA introduced at the boundary of PLGA and PEG, were prepared with IR‐1061 in the core. Structures that contained DOTA at the border of the PLGA core and PEG shell exhibited much higher fluorescence intensity than probes without DOTA. With Gd3+ ions at the DOTA center, fluorescence stability was enhanced remarkably in physiological environments. Most interesting is the finding that fluorescence is enhanced with increased Gd‐DOTA concentrations. In conclusion, we found that overall fluorescence and stability are improved by introducing Gd‐DOTA at the boundary of the PLGA core and PEG shell. Improving micelle stability is crucial for further biomedical applications of micellar probes such as bimodal fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging.
CRISPR delivery with extracellular vesicles: Promises and challenges
Authors: Berggreen Anne Højberg , Petersen Julie Lund , Lin Lin , Benabdellah Karim , Luo Yonglun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe CRISPR gene editing tool holds great potential for curing genetic disorders. However, the safe, efficient, and specific delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 components into cells and tissues remains a challenge. While many currently available delivery methods achieve high levels of gene editing effects in vivo, they often result in genotoxicity and immunogenicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are cell‐derived lipid nanoparticles, are capable of transferring protein and nucleic acid cargoes between cells, making them a promising endogenous alternative to synthetic delivery methods. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the currently available strategies for EV‐mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. These strategies include cell‐based, passive loading obtained by overexpression of CRISPR/Cas9, active loading involving protein or RNA dimerization, and loading into already purified EVs. All these approaches suggest that EV‐based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery is useful for achieving both in vitro and in vivo gene editing. Despite that, substantial variations in cellular uptake and gene editing efficiencies indicate that further improvement and standardization are required for the therapeutic use of EVs as a CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vehicle. These improvements include, but is not limited to, the high‐yield purification of EVs, increased loading and release efficiencies, as well as improved tissue‐ or cell‐specific targeting specificities.
The effects of agricultural commercialization on the multidimensional poverty of rural households: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Cong , Zhu Nong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBased on data from the China Family Panel Survey, this paper explores the impact of agricultural commercialization on household multidimensional poverty and its mechanism. The results show that agricultural commercialization has significantly reduced household multidimensional poverty, especially poverty in health and living standard. However, it may be that the income from commercialization has not all been converted into household multidimensional welfare, making the multidimensional poverty reduction effect of commercialization smaller than the income poverty reduction effect. Further research shows that a possible channel for agricultural commercialization to reduce multidimensional poverty is to improve farmers' ability to convert their endowments into earnings and consumption.
A 4–5.2 GHz PLL with 74.8 fs RMS jitter in 28 nm for RF Sampling Transceiver application
Authors: Zhao Chao , Zhang Hao , Zhang Youming , Tang Xusheng , Pan Chengyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel ultra low jitter phase‐locked loop (PLL) circuit architecture for RF Sampling Transceiver. The programmable frequency divider with duty cycle expansion and the new phase frequency detector and charge pump circuit are used to solve the problem of voltage domain conversion of narrow pulses in the traditional high‐performance charge pump PLL structure. The traditional structure degrades charge pump linearity and noise, thus deteriorating overall jitter performance. Furthermore, voltage‐controlled oscillator uses the dual core structure and the second harmonic suppression technology, combined with the proposed new switching capacitor structure, and achieves −139.3 dBc/Hz phase noise at the 1 MHz frequency offset of the 5.2 GHz carrier under the open loop state. The PLL implemented in a standard Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 28 nm process occupies a core area of 0.4 mm2 and generates a frequency ranging from 4 to 5.2 GHz using 50 MHz oscillator input, the power consumption is 40 mW. It achieves 74.8 fs root‐mean‐square jitter integrated from 10 KHz to 30 MHz. When the PLL output is divided by 2, the output phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset is −125.75 dBc/Hz, and the PLL FoM is −246.
Effect of embedded periodic fiber placement gap defects on the microstructure and bistable behavior of thermoplastic composite laminates
Authors: Ma Yonglong , Zhang Zheng , Wang Sheng , Pan Baisong , Sun Min , Zhang Guang , Chai Hao , Wu Huaping , Jiang Shaofei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBy inducing periodic gaps, conventional automated fiber placement avoids overlap defects, which are generally prohibited in composite component manufacturing. However, bistable laminates are highly sensitive to imperfections, and it is critical to explore the effect of periodic gaps on the performance of bistable laminates. The principal curvatures and load–displacement curves of thermoplastic composite laminates with manually embedded periodic gaps was studied using experimental and numerical methods in this paper. SEM microscopy was used to observe the gap areas of the cross section of laminates to assess the microstructure of gaps with width variations after curing. In addition, a numerical method was proposed based on the experimentally determined evolution of gap widths and thicknesses of laminate. Subsequently, the effects of gap width, single‐layer thickness, and total thickness on the principal curvature were investigated. Gaps embedded in the 0° and 90° layers of bistable laminates demonstrated a substantial decrease in the snap load of the laminates. Interestingly, by embedding different gap widths in the 0° layers of the laminates, the snap load discrepancy between the snap‐through and snap‐back processes increased as the gap width widened, and the same trend was also found in the curvatures in the two stable states.Highlights
Bistable characteristics of laminates with periodic gap defects.
Utilizing gaps embedding in 0° layer to tailor the mechanical properties.
Low‐velocity impact properties of carbon fiber/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber hybrid composites
Authors: Zhou Xia , Xu Weihao , Zhou Haili , Zhang Yan , Wang Ping , Gu Zhiqi , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo understand the hybrid fiber enhanced impact‐resistance performance of composite laminates. In particular, the effects of different parameters, such as hybrid fiber ratios and plying modes, were investigated. The effects of UHMWPE short fibers (UHMWPESFs) fiber content and ply angle changes on the impact resistance of Carbon fiber/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene short fiber hybrid composite (CUFHRP) laminates were investigated in this article. The impact resistance of the CUFHRP laminate was tested by the drop weight test and residual strength test after impact. The results indicated that the peak load and absorption energy of the specimen with a fiber content of 15 g/m2 were the highest, reaching 6.543 kN and 16.51 J, respectively. Specimens with different ply modes of [0/−45/45/90]2s showed the most obvious effect on the maximum load. Its maximum load was 28.93% higher than that of the original sample. The critical damage threshold load of composite laminates is improved, and the impact resistance is strengthened.Highlights
Study to improve the impact resistance of the composite on the basis of the hybrid structure.
Report the optimal parameters of the effects on the impact resistance of the composite, such as: hybrid fiber ratios and plying modes.
Reveal the fundamental failure mode of hybrid structure composite laminates under low‐velocity impact.
Global access to nomenclatural botanical resources: Evaluating open access availability
Authors: Nicolson Nicky , Trekels Maarten , Groom Quentin J. , Knapp Sandra , Paton Alan J. 
Published: September 2023

Societal Impact StatementPrimary occurrence data (‘what, where, when’) enable study of species distribution and diversity, facilitating reactions to societal challenges from food security to climate change mitigation. Scientific names integrate information and are made concrete through reference to a type specimen. Research and conservation planning requires timely open access to this data. Around 2000 vascular plant species are described each year, and many are narrowly endemic and face conservation threats. Twenty‐four percent of those published between 2012 and 2021 is available openly, and only 12% of taxa is represented by digitised type material served from within their native range. We make several recommendations to increase open access to this vital information to support prompt conservation action and future research.Summary

We review access to literature and type specimens, key resources for taxonomic research. Takeup of open access (OA) publishing in plant naming is analysed using the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) data (2012–2021), and online availability of specimens analysed using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Integration of the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) taxonomy and distributional data is used to examine regional variation.
We found that 23% of vascular plant names are published OA, and 41% are digitally undiscoverable: contained in bibliographic works without a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or with an unresolvable DOI. The most common OA publishing model used is ‘gold’.
We also found that 30% of taxa are represented by a digitised type specimen mobilised from within the continent of their natural range and only 12% from the (more precise) country.
We recommend clear article processing charge (APC) waivers for authors from low and middle income countries to better enable ‘gold’ OA and promotion of deposition repositories to better enable ‘green’ OA. Nomenclators should clearly indicate the OA status of literature and mobilise type citation data as material citations to aggregators like GBIF. Names registration systems should promote the capture of code‐recommended elements such as catalogue numbers for type specimens. Digital mobilisation of specimen metadata and images from collections based in low‐ and middle‐income countries must be accelerated to help increase in country taxonomic capacity to document and conserve plant diversity.
Life‐threatening bronchospasm induced by an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor in a chronically ventilated patient: Diagnostic pitfalls and literature review
Authors: Marcus Esther‐Lee , Hush Amir , Atrash Hisham , Shibli Roaia , Heyman Samuel N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCough‐ and asthma‐like symptoms are common adverse reactions to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). However, attributing these symptoms to the use of ACEi might be masked by clinical confounders. We report a 68‐year‐old female residing in a long‐term acute‐care facility for patients requiring prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation treated for years with ACEi. Daily reversible bouts of life‐threatening severe bronchospasm gradually developed over 6 weeks and abruptly resolved following the cessation of ACEi treatment. The late appearance of bronchospasm and the unique clinical setup of chronic invasive ventilation in a patient with smoking‐related chronic obstructive lung disease are among the principal confounders that delay the identification of the causative association between ACEi and respiratory compromise. Chronic positive pressure ventilation may also conceal small airway reactivity and obstruction, similar to auto‐positive end‐expiratory pressure (auto‐PEEP). Conceivably, angiotensin receptor blockers should be preferred over ACEi in such patients.
Inference on tree‐structured subgroups with subgroup size and subgroup effect relationship in clinical trials
Authors: Luo Yuanhui , Guo Xinzhou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhen multiple candidate subgroups are considered in clinical trials, we often need to make statistical inference on the subgroups simultaneously. Classical multiple testing procedures might not lead to an interpretable and efficient inference on the subgroups as they often fail to take subgroup size and subgroup effect relationship into account. In this paper, built on the selective traversed accumulation rules (STAR), we propose a data‐adaptive and interactive multiple testing procedure for subgroups which can take subgroup size and subgroup effect relationship into account under prespecified tree structure. The proposed method is easy‐to‐implement and can lead to a more interpretable and efficient inference on prespecified tree‐structured subgroups. Possible accommodations to post hoc identified tree‐structure subgroups are also discussed in the paper. We demonstrate the merit of our proposed method by re‐analyzing the panitumumab trial with the proposed method.
Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Review on Synthesis, Characterization, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Rezaei Bahareh , Yari Parsa , Sanders Sean M. , Wang Haotong , Chugh Vinit Kumar , Liang Shuang , Mostufa Shahriar , Xu Kanglin , Wang Jian‐Ping , Gómez‐Pastora Jenifer , Wu Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNowadays, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are applied in numerous fields, especially in biomedical applications. Since biofluidic samples and biological tissues are nonmagnetic, negligible background signals can interfere with the magnetic signals from MNPs in magnetic biosensing and imaging applications. In addition, the MNPs can be remotely controlled by magnetic fields, which make it possible for magnetic separation and targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, due to the unique dynamic magnetizations of MNPs when subjected to alternating magnetic fields, MNPs are also proposed as a key tool in cancer treatment, an example is magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Due to their distinct surface chemistry, good biocompatibility, and inducible magnetic moments, the material and morphological structure design of MNPs has attracted enormous interest from a variety of scientific domains. Herein, a thorough review of the chemical synthesis strategies of MNPs, the methodologies to modify the MNPs surface for better biocompatibility, the physicochemical characterization techniques for MNPs, as well as some representative applications of MNPs in disease diagnosis and treatment are provided. Further portions of the review go into the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of composite MNPs with core/shell structures as well as a deeper analysis of MNP properties to learn about potential biomedical applications.
Superhydrophobic Nanoparticles: An Efficiently Selective Adsorbent for Surfactant‐Like Contaminants from Complex Wastewater Matrices
Authors: Zhang Lingyue , Tang Chuyang Y. , Tang Chu , Wang Huijing , Wang Jianchao , Li Ruiying , Feng Haopeng , Yue Dongbei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurfactant‐like contaminants (SLCs) with distinctive amphiphilic structures have become a global concern in wastewater due to their toxicity and persistency. Despite extensive efforts, achieving efficient and selective SLCs removal remains challenging because of their wide range of molecular weights and complex functional group compositions. Superhydrophobic nanoparticles can potentially tackle this challenge by targeting the long oleophilic chains of SLCs. However, conventional contact angle measurements hinder hydrophobicity characterization and corresponding selectivity research because of the powder morphology of nanoparticles. Herein, the authors offered information regarding the distribution of water molecular probes in surfaces and proposed a quantitative characterization approach based on low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance. Through synthesizing superhydrophobic and hydrophilic polydopamine nanospheres with similar morphologies, the selective adsorption potential of superhydrophobic nanoparticles for SLCs is systematically demonstrated. As revealed by the interaction mechanisms, the superhydrophobic surface of nanospheres increased its affinity and selectivity for SLCs adsorption by enhancing hydrophobic interactions. Superhydrophobic modification achieved ten times the adsorption capacity of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, an exemplified surfactant, compared with pristine nanoparticles. By regulated self‐polymerization, the superhydrophobic nanospheres are coated onto the surface of a 3D sponge and enable efficient selective SLCs adsorption from highly polluted leachate matrices with long‐term stability and reusability.
Garment production line optimization using production information based on real‐time power monitoring data
Authors: Jung Woo‐Kyun , Song Younguk , Suh Eun Suk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe implementation of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies at a manufacturing site requires analysis of the site status based on real‐time information, optimization of the processes, and onsite execution. However, in labor‐intensive industries, such as the garment‐manufacturing industry, it is extremely difficult to develop smart factories based on real‐time onsite information because such industries are accustomed to managing labor using empirical expert judgment; moreover, they require rapid production circulation and are dependent on human‐related factors. In this study, we developed an optimization simulator using onsite real‐time production information that provides decision‐making support to maximize the productivity of a garment production plant. As an optimization method, a genetic algorithm was used to incorporate operator relocation into various garment production line variables. Through the developed simulator, field managers can predict and optimize productivity with simple operation in connection with production information. The application of the simulation optimization process to an actual production line in an Indonesian garment factory indicated that the simulator can improve productivity by 34.8%. The results of this study will provide guidance regarding the application of industrial information integration in labor‐intensive industries using methods that can systematically support decision‐making to achieve optimal productivity.
Consistent truncations in higher derivative supergravity
Authors: Liu James T. , Saskowski Robert J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider the torus reduction of heterotic supergravity in the presence of four-derivative corrections. In particular, the reduction on Tn generically leads to a half-maximal supergravity coupled to n vector multiplets, and we show that it is consistent to truncate out said vector multiplets. This is done by the analysis of both the bosonic equations of motion and the Killing spinor equations. As an application of the consistent truncation, we examine the four-derivative corrected BPS black string that reduces to a black hole in minimal nine-dimensional supergravity.
Force-free higher derivative Einstein-Maxwell theory and multi-centered black holes
Authors: Hu Peng-Ju , Pang Yi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigate which 4-derivative extensions of Einstein-Maxwell theory admit multi-extremal black hole solutions with gravitational force balanced by Coulomb force. We obtain a set of constraints on the 4-derivative couplings by exploring various probe limits in multi-black hole systems. It turns out that these constraints are tighter than those needed to protect the mass-charge ratio of extremal black holes from higher derivative corrections. In fact, they are so strong that the Majumdar-Papapetrou multi-black solutions are unmodified by the force-free combinations of the 4-derivative couplings. Explicit examples of such 4-derivative couplings are given in 4-and 5-spacetime dimensions. Interestingly these include curvature-squared supergravity actions and the quasi-topological F4 term.
Drinfel’d double symmetry of the 4d Kitaev model
Authors: Chen Hank 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Following the general theory of categorified quantum groups developed by the author previously, we construct the Drinfel’d double 2-bialgebra associated to a finite group N = G0. For N = ℤ2, we explicitly compute the braided 2-categories of 2-representations of certain version of this Drinfel’d double 2-bialgebra, and prove that they characterize precisely the 4d toric code and its spin-ℤ2 variant. This result relates the two descriptions (categorical vs. field theoretical) of 4d gapped topological phases in existing literature and displays an instance of higher Tannakian duality for braided 2-categories. In particular, we show that particular twists of the underlying Drinfel’d double 2-bialgebra is responsible for much of the higher-structural properties that arise in 4d topological orders.