bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Wind Farm Design Layout based on the Non-Uniform Spacing Algorithm between Wind Turbines
Authors: Peng Huaiwu , Han Yi , Li Qian , Li Huaxiang , Zhang Rikui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The optimization of wind turbine layout is an important step during the design phase of wind farms, which directly influences the overall power performance and the profitability of the wind plants. The spacing distance between the wind turbines, which is often inconsistent in the prevailing wind direction and other directions, is the critical factor of wind turbine array layout optimization. With the considerations of the wind turbines’ safety in operation and the maximum utilization of wind energy resources comprehensively, an elliptic-constrained wind turbine layout optimization model is proposed in this paper. The stochastic optimal algorithm including the constraint checking and random searching processes is established to conduct the iterative calculation. It is proved that the annual energy production of the elliptic-constrained model with non-uniform spacing has increased in comparison with the conventional method. The proposed approach provides an effective engineering solution for improving the space utilization and the power output estimation of the wind farm.
The Coordinated Protection of the Whole Ship’s Power System of 143-meter Fishery Refrigerated Transport Ship
Authors: Nie Qin , Fang Jun , Shao Meibin , Lu Jinlong , Bao Dongdong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The selective protection of over-current is the focus of the protection of the entire ship’s power system, it ensures the reliability of safe operation of the ship’s power system. The article takes the 143-meter fishery refrigerated transport ship (No.992 Fuyuan Yuyun) as an example to analyze the selective protection of over-current, and the coordination analysis of various protective appliances is carried out.
Optimal Scheme of Remote Backup Automatic Switch Applied to Renewable Energy Grids
Authors: Yan Yabing , Huang Yong , Xu Liqiang , Ao Fei , Li Hui , Yang Jinyi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The support of renewable energy to the bus voltage during the grid fault period will cause the failure action of the backup automatic switch (BPAS). Moreover, the improper coordination of renewable energy and source supply lines in the process of BPAS operation will lead to the asynchronous close of a circuit breaker, which seriously threatens the stable operation of the power system. To solve the above problems, an optimal operation strategy applied to the remote BPAS is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the operation logic and characteristics of internal BPAS and remote BPAS are analyzed. Secondly, the mechanism of failure action and asynchronous close of a circuit breaker in regional power grids with renewable energy sources are analyzed. Then, to improve the speed and reliability of the BPAS, a strategy of remote BPAS operation suitable is proposed. To avoid the problem of failure action, by monitoring the low-frequency condition of the regional power grid, the strategy accelerates the bus voltage loss to shorten the operation time of the BPAS. Moreover, the operation conditions of BPAS are optimized to avoid the asynchronous close of the circuit breaker between renewable energy and source supply lines. Finally, the experimental results in the 110 kV transformer substation verify that the improved remote BPAS strategy can effectively improve the reliability and quickness of the grid connecting to renewable energy.
Control Strategy of Suppressing Short-circuit Current VSCs Feeding into the AC Grid in a Hybrid Cascaded UHVDC System
Authors: Li Tan , Zhao Zheng , Xiao Kun , Ma Weimin , Li Ming , Lu Yajun , Xu Ying , Zheng Kuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hybrid cascaded ultra-high voltage dc is a new dc technique with a line commutated converter cascaded with one or several voltage source converters. It is an effective solution for large capability transmission as well as improving the stability of the ac grid with multiple dc transmission systems feeding in. Baihetan-jiangsu dc project in China is the first cascaded ultra-high voltage dc project in the world. For a receiving end with a strong ac system, the short circuit current is always large and close to the maximum ac breaker breaking capability, which is a threat to the ac system fault clearance. In this paper, the issue of excessive short circuit current in a hybrid cascaded ultra-high voltage dc system is discussed and revealed. The process of the short circuit current developing is divided into 2 stages. Characteristics and the calculation method of the short circuit are proposed, and based on this, a control method is proposed, which can suppress the short circuit current during the fault clearance effectively. The parameter setting method is proposed. Finally, based on the scenario of the Baihetan-jiangsu dc project, the strategy and the parameters setting method are validated under PSCAD/EMTDC.
Inertia Evaluation of Wind Farm Under Overspeed Power Shedding Control
Authors: Wang Jin , Yan Jie , Liu Yongqian , Xu Zhicheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As the penetration rate of wind power generation gradually increases in most grids, it is necessary to evaluate wind farms’ inertia to provide inertia information for electric grids and boost grid stability. This paper firstly models the inertia control mode of overspeed power shedding, which can realize the inertia control under the operation of different blade tip speed ratios, so that the wind turbine has a high inertia support capability. Then the energy change process in the inertia control process is analyzed, and the virtual inertia time constant is derived to evaluate a single unit’s inertia. Finally, a simple wind condition and the wind farm’s inertia control requirements in a day are simulated using an equivalent model, and the inertia level of the wind farm is calculated. The proposed research approach can alleviate the sophistication of inertia evaluation which also effectively consider the influence of inertia control.
Analysis and Suppression of Common Mode Interference in Flyback Switching Power Supplies
Authors: He Xinyu , Chen Yanming , Kong Fannie , Li Guojin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the flyback power supply, with the increase of switching frequency, the electromagnetic interference caused by the power switch becomes more and more serious. In order to control the interference problem, the common mode (CM) interference noise source and transmission path of the flyback power supply are analyzed, the equivalent model of the transmission path is established, and the parameters affecting the common mode noise magnitude are deduced. On this basis, an active gate driver (AGD) circuit is proposed to suppress the noise generated by interference sources. The AGD circuit reduces the du/dt of the power switching tube by reducing the driving current during the turn-off dynamic period and thus achieves the reduction of the common-mode noise. Compared with traditional drive mode, the AGD can increase switching losses less at the same target. Finally, the feasibility of the AGD method is verified by experiments on the test platform.
Optimal Scheduling Method for the Integrated Energy System of the Park Based on Energy Consumption Differences
Authors: An Juan , Wang Xiaochen , Zhang Xiangcheng , Li Hongxia , Huang Cunqiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Given the operation economy and reliability of the integrated energy system in the park, this paper first analyzes the differences in energy consumption. And then an optimal scheduling method for the integrated energy system of the park based on energy consumption differences is proposed, and the energy supply system of the park is economically scheduled, which can enhance the new energy consumption capacity, energy supply flexibility, and reliability of the system while ensuring the operation economy of the park. Finally, this paper selects an energy system for case analysis and suggestions. It is suggested that optimization operation strategies should be formulated from the perspective of the whole system of cooling, heating, and electricity supply, providing park-level precise energy supply services that are more in line with user needs, and improving the demand-side response market mechanism.
A standby mode for space advanced technology demonstration satellite
Authors: Li Jinsong , Yang Yingquan , Zhang Yonghe , Zhou Heng , Zhang Xiaofeng , Chen Wen , Li Dong , Liu Shuang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Standby mode is the mode in which the space advanced technology demonstration satellite (SATech) stays for a long time when all the payloads are not working. This mode ensures the energy supply of the satellite on the one hand and the long-term effectiveness of the satellite’s star tracker quaternion on the other hand. Firstly, the target guidance law in standby mode is designed. Secondly, the installation position of the star tracker is designed according to the characteristics of the guidance law. Thirdly, the rationality of the scheme is verified by simulation. Finally, the scheme has been verified to ensure the continuous efficiency of the quaternion of the star trackers and the satellite energy supply.
Experimental study on spray characteristics of RP-3 kerosene under the near critical condition with different injection conditions
Authors: Shi Pengyu , Fan Wei , Wang Zhisheng , Yu Qianqian , Liu Penghui , Ren Lishi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In an aero-engine, the effect of oil-gas mixing directly affects the working condition of the combustion chamber, and the mixing process of RP-3 kerosene near the near-critical point is more complicated because its physical properties are more strongly affected by its own temperature and pressure changes. The injection process of RP-3 kerosene near the near-critical point was photographed under different injection conditions using high-speed ripple shadowing technology. It was found that the increase in air injection pressure and the distance from the nozzle outlet to the cyclone outlet would reduce the jet expansion angle and jet width. The former would reduce the jet’s self-excited oscillation frequency, and the latter would increase it.
Crack nucleation mechanism of Ti60 titanium alloy under ultrasonic fatigue loading at different temperatures
Authors: Chen Chao-Lin , Shang De-Guang , Li Dao-Hang , Tang Zhi-Qiang , Han Zhao-Yun , Guo Yi-Er 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The crack nucleation mechanism of Ti60 titanium alloy under ultrasonic fatigue loading at different temperatures was investigated. The results show that there are two different crack nucleation mechanisms at RT, 300 °C, and 400 °C, i.e., the oversized facet and oxide shedding crack nucleation mechanisms. Almost all fatigue cracks initiate in the form of oversized facets at RT. At 300 °C, the crack initiates at the oversized facet under the low load test, while the crack initiates at the oxide shedding site under the high load test. At 400 °C, all the fatigue cracks initiate at the place where the oxide shedding. Higher temperature and applied stress will help the oxide shedding crack nucleation mechanism to become dominant.
Design of PROFINET I/O Real-time Communication System between PLC Based on S7-1200
Authors: Chen Yun-Hai , Zhang Dong-Ying , Ji Jun , Chen Xin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Real-time communication means that the system processes external events within a defined time. The system configures a PROFINET I/O system between S7-1200 PLCs. By configuring the I/O controller and I/O equipment, setting the transmission area, and establishing the variable table and monitoring table, the system realizes the data exchange between the controller I/O and I/O equipment by observing the data transmission changes in the monitoring table.
Sky survey mission planning based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wang Hongfei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 2024, China plans to launch the Chinese Space Station Telescope, and how to plan the telescope’s observing mission efficiently is of great importance. The space telescope mission planning faces many problems, like large observation areas, plenty of constraints, and difficulty in task optimization arrangement. In order to solve these problems, we consider the actual situation of the mission, take the telescope in-orbit constraint and observation constraint as constraints, and take energy consumption and observation efficiency as optimization objectives. We establish the sky survey mission planning model and sky survey planning algorithm based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization. The results show that the sky survey mission planning algorithm in this paper can effectively accomplish long-term sky survey mission planning and is more practical than existing algorithms.
The Effect of Suspended Sediment Concentration on Acoustic Propagation Based on Satellite Data Inversion
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tang Haichuan , Sun Hequan , Ren Wenhe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Suspended sediment in seawater not only affects the optical properties of seawater, such as transparency and color, but it also greatly affects the process of underwater acoustic propagation. The underwater acoustic detection equipment is affected by the change in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in use. To address this problem, this paper deeply investigates the correlation between the characteristic parameters of acoustic propagation and SSC in different types of water bodies. It identifies the statistical characteristics of the temporal and spatial distributions of SSC in the Chinese seas through quantitative inversion based on satellite remote sensing data. It further analyzes the relationship between the concentration and distribution of suspended sediment and the characteristics of acoustic propagation of underwater weapons and equipment. Finally, it quantitatively evaluates the effect of SSC on the acoustic attenuation coefficient. This study can provide valuable references for the functional departments and base-level units of naval forces to make decisions and strategies for using underwater acoustic detection equipment.
Design and dynamics simulation of axial radial double locking satellite docking mechanism
Authors: Bai Bingtao , Xia Lurui , Li Sen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the docking requirements of small satellites in orbit service, an axial, radial double-locking satellite docking mechanism was designed to realize the docking and separation of small satellites. Capture docking using the butt bar and the groove. The mechanism possesses multiple advantages, such as simple structure and fast response. A dynamic model considering contact, collision, buffering, and friction was established, and ADAMS software simulated the docking process. Apart from that, the dynamics and motion data of the mechanism were obtained. As revealed by the results, under the initial conditions of the general light and small docking mechanism, the mechanism can achieve the set task and complete the docking with a small collision force. What’s more, the buffer device can absorb 85.5% of the energy of the satellite, and the mechanism has a certain attitude correction ability. Altogether, this exploration can provide a reference for designing satellite docking mechanisms and formulating a docking strategy in the future.
Explosible Oxygen Concentration and Lower Explosion Limit of RP-3 Aviation Kerosene Vapor/O2/N2 Mixtures at Elevated Pressure and High temperature
Authors: Jin Zhao , Liu Jing , Ma Yichao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
RP-3 aviation kerosene is widely used in China, and the critical explosible oxygen concentration (COC) and lower explosion limit (LEL) are important parameters concerned about aviation safety. The COC and LEL characteristics of RP-3 aviation kerosene vapor/O2/N2 mixtures at different initial temperatures and pressure were investigated experimentally. The LEL for RP-3 vapor/O2/N2 mixtures ranges from 0.5 vol% to 0.6 vol%, with the ambient pressure ranging from 40 kPa to 100 kPa, temperature from 60°C to 150°C, which is almost unchanged. The COC decreases as the temperature and pressure increase, and the COC of RP-3 vapor/O2/N2 mixtures is 9.7 vol% under the pressure of 100 kPa and 150°C. The suppression performance of N2 on the RP-3 vapor/O2/N2 mixtures was discussed, and the suppression performance model was defined in this paper, the suppression performance on COC condition is about 77%.
UAV Swarm Reconfiguration Based on Improved Artificial Physics and Virtual Structure
Authors: Zhao Hongchao , Zhao Jianzhong , Dong Xuexia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The reconfiguration problem was researched for the homogenous fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm. The kinematic model of a fixed-wing UAV was constructed. The virtual structure expressed the desired swarm configuration. A node in the virtual structure represented the desired position of a UAV. The improved artificial physics (AP) method used the node to produce the attraction to a UAV. The repulsion was designed for the UAVs to avoid collisions among them during the swarm reconfiguration. The UAV controller included the attraction, the repulsion, and the damp term. The damp term reduced the chattering process of the UAV’s flight states. A numerical simulation was carried out to show the reconfiguration process of the UAV swarm. The simulation results validate that the designed controller can drive the UAV to avoid collisions with other UAVs and to successfully complete the swarm reconfiguration process.
Ditching characteristics of civil aircraft with low-tail layout
Authors: Chen Shuyong , Luo Wenli , Chen Baoxing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Research focusing on the multi-phase coupling problem and ditching performance of a certain type of aircraft was carried out by the volume of fluid model and full-flow moving mesh method. Compared with the experimental results of the scaled model, the pressure predicted by this method matches well, and the maximum error of the pitch angle is less than 1.5°, which can accurately reflect the movement and load characteristics of the aircraft during ditching. On this basis, the influence of flat tails, flaps, and nacelles on the ditching performance is analyzed. The results show that it is not conducive to maintaining a stable attitude if the deflection of the flat tail is too slight, and the advance water-entry of flaps and nacelles will accelerate the decreasing process of pitch angle.
Performance Assessment of a Higher Bypass Ratio Engine Installation on a Rear-mounted Regional Aircraft
Authors: Chai Xiao , Liu Kaili , Zhong Yuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The unceasing growth of the bypass ratio of civil aircraft engines reduces the specific fuel consumption while simultaneously complicating engine installation. This paper assesses the cumulative advantages of employing engines with superior bypass ratios in rear-mounted regional aircraft. The aerodynamic analysis of the engine intake and exhaust ramifications is based on the RANS CFD methodology, validated by the NASA CRM model and AIAA DSFRN model. An engine cycle model was developed to supply the engine inlet and outlet conditions for CFD calculations. In the case of the rear-mounted regional aircraft scrutinized herein, the fan diameter expanded from 53 inches to 60 inches, with the bypass ratio escalating from 5.3 to 11. This resulted in a roughly 9.33% reduction in specific fuel consumption. Nonetheless, the adverse impact of engine dimensions counteracts the cycle advantages, culminating in a 4.23% decrease in the aircraft’s lift-to-drag ratio and an aggregate benefit of 5.62%.
Experimental Study on Whipple Protective Structure under Low-Speed Impact
Authors: Dong Yucai , Sun Jing , Zhou Qin , Wang Jianjun , Gong Liming , Fang Jinyong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the Whipple protective structure with a front plate of 3 mm 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and a rear plate of 3 mm 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, two different projectiles were used to conduct experimental research on the low-velocity impact Whipple protective structure. The relationship between the corresponding damage mode and the kinetic energy property of the projectile was analyzed. At the same time, the penetration velocity limit of the Whipple protective structure was explored to obtain the damage characteristics of this protective structure under cm-level low-velocity impact. The damage characteristics of the small projectile to the protection mechanism within the relative impact velocity of 650 m/s provide theoretical and technical support for the later spacecraft reinforcement optimization design.
Event-based Construction Method of Stratospheric Airship Test Scenario
Authors: Zhang Yongdong , Wang Ziwei , Huang Taiqin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ground tests are needed to determine the system status before stratospheric airship flights. In order to realize the test under complex flight conditions, this paper proposes a method of constructing test scenes from test events. Firstly, the different operating conditions of a stratospheric airship during its flight are analyzed. On this basis, a test scenario covering key conditions is designed. Secondly, the test scenario is described in the way of events, and the composition of events under different test scenarios is given. Finally, the test scenes are generated by the condition simulation equipment, which is applied to the ground test of the stratospheric airship. The feasibility of this method is verified.
Study on Airfoils and Aerodynamics of High-Speed Aircraft Propeller
Authors: Zhang Kun , Yan Wenhui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To boost the aerodynamics of high-speed aircraft propellers, the lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio variation law and the Mach number contour distribution of flat-convex airfoil NACA4412, supercritical airfoil RAE2822 and thin airfoil at a high Reynolds number NACA65206 at different Mach numbers (Ma) and angles of attack (AoA) are investigated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). After analyzing the lift and drag characteristics of the three airfoils, NACA65206 is selected to design a high-speed aircraft propeller. Then the flow field of the designed propeller is simulated through CFD, and its aerodynamic performance is calculated. The results show that NACA65206 exhibits a higher L/D ratio and gentler stall if the Mach number increases from 0.5 to 0.9. The designed propeller with NACA65206 is found to have propulsive efficiency exceeding 80% at Mach 0.6 in flight, and the value is over 75% when the Mach number in flight is 0.7. These values suggest that the high-speed aircraft propeller designed with a thin airfoil and a large back-swept angle exhibits satisfactory propulsive efficiency.
Structural development of the high-speed free jet test facility
Authors: Yu Zebin , Gao Xinyu , Cai Qingqing , Xie Qing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The 2 m×2 m high-speed free jet test facility is a 2 m level intermittent blowdown-ejector ground test facility, which has the ability of tri-sonic operation. The closed test section is replaced with a large test chamber. In the development process of the project, the main focus is the uncertainty influences of the jet pressure pulsation action on the facility, the functional realization of step change test Ma number by adjusting semi-flexible nozzle profile in a wide operating range for 2 m level facility, etc. These difficulties have been solved in various ways, such as theoretical analysis and calculation, adoption of multidisciplinary optimization techniques, a reasonable choice of vibration suppression means, and accumulation of rich experience in the field of wind tunnel design. At present, this facility has been built and debugged, and the integrity of the structure has been verified.