bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological evaluation following treatment of recession-type defects with coronally advanced flap and a novel human recombinant amelogenin
Authors: Chackartchi Tali , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Imber Jean-Claude , Stähli Alexandra , Sacks Hagit , Nagy Katalin , Sculean Anton 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To histologically evaluate the effects of a novel human recombinant amelogenin (rAmelX) on periodontal wound healing / regeneration in recession-type defects.

Materials and methods
A total of 17 gingival recession-type defects were surgically created in the maxilla of three minipigs. The defects were randomly treated with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) and either rAmelX (test), or a CAF and placebo (control). At three months following reconstructive surgery, the animals were euthanized, and the healing outcomes histologically evaluated.

Results
The test group yielded statistically significantly (p = 0.047) greater formation of cementum with inserting collagen fibers compared with the control group (i.e., 4.38 mm ± 0.36 mm vs. 3.48 mm ± 1.13 mm). Bone formation measured 2.15 mm ± 0.8 mm in the test group and 2.24 mm ± 1.23 mm in the control group, respectively, without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.94).

Conclusions
The present data have provided for the first-time evidence for the potential of rAmelX to promote regeneration of periodontal ligament and root cementum in recession-type defects, thus warranting further preclinical and clinical testing.

Clinical relevance
The present results set the basis for the potential clinical application of rAmelX in reconstructive periodontal surgery.
Change in child mental health during the Ukraine war: evidence from a large sample of parents
Authors: McElroy Eoin , Hyland Philip , Shevlin Mark , Karatzias Thanos , Vallières Frédérique , Ben-Ezra Menachem , Vang Maria Louison , Lorberg Boris , Martsenkovskyi Dmytro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ongoing war in Ukraine is expected to negatively impact the mental health of the country’s population. This study aims to provide a preliminary estimate of the degree of change in the mental health problems of Ukrainian children following Russia’s invasion in February 2022, and to identify the sociodemographic and war-related risk factors associated with these changes. A nationwide, opportunistic sample of 1238 parents reported on a single randomly chosen child within their household as part of The Mental Health of Parents and Children in Ukraine Study. Data were collected between July 15th and September 5th, 2022. Participants completed modified versions of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17) which was adapted to capture change in the frequency of symptoms since the beginning of the war. Parents reported increases across all 17 indicators of internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems of the PSC-17. Increased problems were most pronounced within the internalizing domain, with 35% of parents reporting that their child worried more since the beginning of the war. A number of individual, parental, and war-related factors were associated with increases across the three domains. Exposure to war trauma, pre-existing mental health problems, and child age were among the strongest predictors of change. This survey provides preliminary evidence that the Russian war on Ukraine has led to an increase in common mental health problems among children in the general population. Further research is required to determine the extent and sequela of this increase, and to develop intervention strategies for those most in need.
The effect of duration and time preference on the gap between adult and child health state valuations in time trade-off
Authors: Lang Zhongyu , Attema Arthur E. , Lipman Stefan A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComposite time trade-off (cTTO) utilities have been found to be higher when adults value health states for children than for themselves. It is not clear if these differences reflect adults assigning truly higher utilities to the same health state in different perspectives, or if they are caused by other factors, which are not accounted for in the valuation procedure. We test if the difference between children’s and adults’ cTTO valuations changes if a longer duration than the standard 10 years is used. Personal interviews with a representative sample of 151 adults in the UK were conducted. We employed the cTTO method to estimate utilities of four different health states, where adults considered states both from their own and a 10-year-old child’s perspective, for durations of 10 and 20 years. We corrected the cTTO valuations for perspective-specific time preferences in a separate task, again for both perspectives. We replicate the finding that cTTO utilities are higher for the child perspective than for the adult perspective, although the difference is only significant when controlling for other variables in a mixed effects regression. Time preferences are close to 0 on average, and smaller for children than adults. After correcting TTO utilities for time preferences, the effect of perspective is no longer significant. No differences were found for cTTO tasks completed with a 10- or 20-year duration. Our results suggest that the child–adult gap is partially related to differences in time preferences and, hence, that correcting cTTO utilities for these preferences could be useful.
Autoimmune liver disease and multiple sclerosis: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Villani Rosanna , Serviddio Gaetano , Avolio Carlo , Cassano Tommaso , D’Amico Emanuele 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClinical observations suggest that the prevalence of autoimmune diseases is changing over time. Both autoimmune liver diseases and multiple sclerosis have shown a significant increase in the last decades. Although the coexistence of autoimmune diseases within individuals and families is a common phenomenon, the extent to which liver disease and multiple sclerosis co-occur is not clear. Case reports and few studies have reported the possible coexistence of multiple sclerosis with thyroid diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is unknown whether there is a definite association between multiple sclerosis and autoimmune liver diseases. We reviewed the literature to summarize the available studies on the association between different autoimmune liver diseases (autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis) and treated or untreated multiple sclerosis.
Quality of life in people with visual impairment compared with the general population
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Brunes Audun , Heir Trond 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim
The aim of the present study was to examine quality of life and its associated factors among adults with visual impairment in Norway.

Subject and methods
Of the 1216 adults contacted, 736 (61% response rate) participated in a cross-sectional survey. A general population probability sample served as reference (n=1792, 36% response rate). Differences between the populations were examined with independent t-tests for continuous variables and with Chi-square tests for categorical variables. Quality of life covariates were investigated with linear regression analysis.

Results
People with visual impairment had lower quality of life than the general Norwegian population, across all age groups (mean QOL: 6.8 versus 7.6, p<0.001) and within all age groups (all p<0.01). Compared with the general population, people with visual impairment were less likely to report the highest levels and more likely to report intermediate levels of quality of life. Higher quality of life was associated with lower onset-age of impaired vision (B=-0.11, p<0.001), having employment (B=0.36, p=0.02), lower levels of loneliness (B=-0.28, p<0.001) and higher levels of social support (B=0.40, p<0.001) and general self-efficacy (B=0.07, p<0.001).

Conclusion
Quality of life was lower among people with visual impairment and may be increased by promoting work participation, social inclusion, connectedness, and coping.
MFLD-net: a lightweight deep learning network for fish morphometry using landmark detection
Authors: Saleh Alzayat , Jones David , Jerry Dean , Azghadi Mostafa Rahimi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMonitoring the morphological traits of farmed fish is pivotal in understanding growth, estimating yield, artificial breeding, and population-based investigations. Currently, morphology measurements mostly happen manually and sometimes in conjunction with individual fish imaging, which is a time-consuming and expensive procedure. In addition, extracting useful information such as fish yield and detecting small variations due to growth or deformities, require extra offline processing of the manually collected images and data. Deep learning (DL) and specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have previously demonstrated great promise in estimating fish features such as weight and length from images. However, their use for extracting fish morphological traits through detecting fish keypoints (landmarks) has not been fully explored. In this paper, we developed a novel DL architecture that we call Mobile Fish Landmark Detection network (MFLD-net). We show that MFLD-net can achieve keypoint detection accuracies on par or even better than some of the state-of-the-art CNNs on a fish image dataset. MFLD-net uses convolution operations based on Vision Transformers (i.e. patch embeddings, multi-layer perceptrons). We show that MFLD-net can achieve competitive or better results in low data regimes while being lightweight and therefore suitable for embedded and mobile devices. We also provide quantitative and qualitative results that demonstrate its generalisation capabilities. These features make MFLD-net suitable for future deployment in fish farms and fish harvesting plants.
Commitment-based negotiation semantics for accountability in multi-agent systems
Authors: Sloan Phillip , Ajmeri Nirav 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNegotiation is a key form of interaction in multi-agent systems. Negotiation enables agents to come to a mutual agreement about a goal or plan of action. Current negotiation approaches use traditional interaction protocols which do not capture the normative meaning of interactions and often restrict agent autonomy. These traditional negotiation approaches also have difficulty specifying accountability. This paper seeks to address this gap in maintaining autonomy and capturing accountability during negotiation through the use of normative commitments. We propose Nala, a commitment-based negotiation semantics. Nala uses commitments to provide normative meaning to agent interactions. The nature of commitments support in capturing accountability through the violation of created commitments. We illustrate Nala’s usage via a case study using a game scenario where agents participate in negotiation to bring about their goals in a research constrained environment.
The rosetta stone of successful ageing: does oral health have a role?
Authors: Poser Maximilian , Sing Katie E. A. , Ebert Thomas , Ziebolz Dirk , Schmalz Gerhard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAgeing is an inevitable aspect of life and thus successful ageing is an important focus of recent scientific efforts. The biological process of ageing is mediated through the interaction of genes with environmental factors, increasing the body’s susceptibility to insults. Elucidating this process will increase our ability to prevent and treat age-related disease and consequently extend life expectancy. Notably, centenarians offer a unique perspective on the phenomenon of ageing. Current research highlights several age-associated alterations on the genetic, epigenetic and proteomic level. Consequently, nutrient sensing and mitochondrial function are altered, resulting in inflammation and exhaustion of regenerative ability.Oral health, an important contributor to overall health, remains underexplored in the context of extreme longevity. Good masticatory function ensures sufficient nutrient uptake, reducing morbidity and mortality in old age. The relationship between periodontal disease and systemic inflammatory pathologies is well established. Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease are among the most significant disease burdens influenced by inflammatory oral health conditions. Evidence suggests that the interaction is bi-directional, impacting progression, severity and mortality. Current models of ageing and longevity neglect an important factor in overall health and well-being, a gap that this review intends to illustrate and inspire avenues for future research.
Still viable despite criticism: complexities of evaluating the performance of ICDPs
Authors: Hübner Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntegrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) are widely used in countries of the Global South to link conservation with rural socio-economic advances. Notwithstanding, ICDPs face much criticism. A dominant complaint is that ICDPs fail to provide evidence concerning the very purpose they were established for, namely, to erase poverty and institutional capacity barriers, which invariably lead to the reduction of adverse human impacts on nature. Here, I explore the challenges that ICDPs face in seeking to provide empirical proof for positive long-term effects at the local level. I highlight certain specific difficulties in monitoring and evaluating ICDPs, and also examine the role that performance evaluation may play for ICDPs as instruments leading to transformative change. Besides the fact that a diverse set of stakeholders, through negotiations of power, constantly challenge the implementation of ICDPs, I argue that the goals and values of donor parties ultimately drive the overall evaluation and long-term sustainability of ICDPs and will govern transformative change. Future research is needed to explore this relationship more fully.
Potent molecular-targeted therapies for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Ooki Akira , Osumi Hiroki , Fukuda Koshiro , Yamaguchi Kensei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), which are characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation, can arise in various organs. NENs have been divided into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) based on morphological differentiation, each of which has a distinct etiology, molecular profile, and clinicopathological features. While the majority of NECs originate in the pulmonary organs, extrapulmonary NECs occur most predominantly in the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system. Although platinum-based chemotherapy is the main therapeutic option for recurrent or metastatic GEP-NEC patients, the clinical benefits are limited and associated with a poor prognosis, indicating the clinically urgent need for effective therapeutic agents. The clinical development of molecular-targeted therapies has been hampered due to the rarity of GEP-NECs and the paucity of knowledge on their biology. In this review, we summarize the biology, current treatments, and molecular profiles of GEP-NECs based on the findings of pivotal comprehensive molecular analyses; we also highlight potent therapeutic targets for future precision medicine based on the most recent results of clinical trials.
A Multimodal Omics Framework to Empower Target Discovery for Cardiovascular Regeneration
Authors: Li Ziwen , Brittan Mairi , Mills Nicholas L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIschaemic heart disease is a global healthcare challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Early revascularisation in acute myocardial infarction has improved survival; however, limited regenerative capacity and microvascular dysfunction often lead to impaired function and the development of heart failure. New mechanistic insights are required to identify robust targets for the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled profiling and analysis of the transcriptomes of individual cells at high resolution. Applications of scRNA-seq have generated single-cell atlases for multiple species, revealed distinct cellular compositions for different regions of the heart, and defined multiple mechanisms involved in myocardial injury-induced regeneration. In this review, we summarise findings from studies of healthy and injured hearts in multiple species and spanning different developmental stages. Based on this transformative technology, we propose a multi-species, multi-omics, meta-analysis framework to drive the discovery of new targets to promote cardiovascular regeneration.
SCORE: approximating curvature information under self-concordant regularization
Authors: Adeoye Adeyemi D. , Bemporad Alberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOptimization problems that include regularization functions in their objectives are regularly solved in many applications. When one seeks second-order methods for such problems, it may be desirable to exploit specific properties of some of these regularization functions when accounting for curvature information in the solution steps to speed up convergence. In this paper, we propose the SCORE (self-concordant regularization) framework for unconstrained minimization problems which incorporates second-order information in the Newton-decrement framework for convex optimization. We propose the generalized Gauss–Newton with Self-Concordant Regularization (GGN-SCORE) algorithm that updates the minimization variables each time it receives a new input batch. The proposed algorithm exploits the structure of the second-order information in the Hessian matrix, thereby reducing computational overhead. GGN-SCORE demonstrates how to speed up convergence while also improving model generalization for problems that involve regularized minimization under the proposed SCORE framework. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of our method and its fast convergence, which compare favorably against baseline first-order and quasi-Newton methods. Additional experiments involving non-convex (overparameterized) neural network training problems show that the proposed method is promising for non-convex optimization.
Indirect comparisons of efficacy of zanubrutinib versus orelabrutinib in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma or relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Song Yuqin , Zhou Keshu , Yang Shenmiao , Hu Jianda , Zou Dehui , Gao Sujun , Pan Ling , Wang Tingyu , Yang Haiyan , Zhang Huilai , Zhou Daobin , Ji Jie , Xu Wei , Feng Ru , Jin Jie , Lv Fangfang , Huang Haiwen , Fan Xiaosi , Xu Sheng , Zhu Jun 
Published: July 2023

SummaryWe conducted two indirect comparisons to estimate the efficacy of zanubrutinib versus orelabrutinib in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) or R/R mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). An unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) was performed in R/R CLL/SLL patients. Individual patient data from zanubrutinib trial (BGB-3111-205) were adjusted to match the aggregated data from the orelabrutinib trial (ICP-CL-00103). A naïve comparison was performed in R/R MCL for the different response assessment methodology and efficacy analysis set between the zanubrutinib (BGB-3111-206) and orelabrutinib (ICP-CL-00102) trials. Efficacy outcomes included ORR and PFS. In R/R CLL/SLL patients, after matching, IRC-assessed ORR was comparable (86.6% vs. 92.5%; risk difference, -5.9% [95% CI: -15.8%-3.8%]); IRC-assessed PFS was similar with a favorable trend in zanubrutinib over orelabrutinib (HR, 0.74 [95% CI: 0.37-1.47]) and the 18-month PFS rate was numerically higher in zanubrutinib (82.9% vs. 78.7%). In R/R MCL patients, naïve comparison showed investigator-assessed ORR was similar (83.7% vs. 87.9%; risk difference, -4.2% [95% CI: -14.8%-6.0%]), and CR rate was significantly higher in zanubrutinib over orelabrutinib (77.9% vs. 42.9%; risk difference, 35.0% [95% CI: 14.5%, 53.7%]). Investigator-assessed PFS was similar with a favorable trend (HR, 0.77 [95% CI: 0.45-1.32]) in zanubrutinib over orelabrutinib and the 12-month PFS rate was numerically higher in zanubrutinib (77.5% vs. 70.8%). MAIC result showed zanubrutinib demonstrated favorable PFS over orelabrutinib for R/R CLL/SLL patients. The naïve comparison showed zanubrutinib had favorable PFS and higher CR rate than orelabrutinib for R/R MCL patients.
Progress is impossible without change: implementing automatic item generation in medical knowledge progress testing
Authors: Falcão Filipe Manuel Vidal , Pereira Daniela S.M. , Pêgo José Miguel , Costa Patrício 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProgress tests (PT) are a popular type of longitudinal assessment used for evaluating clinical knowledge retention and long-life learning in health professions education. Most PTs consist of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) whose development is costly and time-consuming. Automatic Item Generation (AIG) generates test items through algorithms, promising to ease this burden. However, it remains unclear how AIG-items behave in formative assessment (FA) modalities such as PTs compared to manually written items. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality and validity of AIG-items versus manually written items. Responses to 126 (23 automatically generated) dichotomously scored single best-answer five-option MCQs retrieved from the 2021 University of Minho PT of medicine were analyzed. Procedures based on item response theory (IRT), dimensionality testing, item fit, reliability, differential item functioning (DIF) and distractor analysis were used. Qualitative assessment was conducted through expert review. Validity evidence of AIG-items was assessed by using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). The PT proved to be a viable tool for assessing medical students cognitive competencies. AIG-items were parallel to manually written-items, presenting similar indices of difficulty and information. The proportion of functional distractors for both AIG and manually written items was similar. Evidence of validity for AIG-items was found while showing higher levels of item quality. AIG-items functioned as intended and were appropriate for evaluating medical students at various levels of the knowledge spectrum.
Combined use of the extended theory of connections and the onto-semiotic approach to analyze mathematical connections by relating the graphs of f and f’
Authors: Rodríguez-Nieto Camilo Andrés , Rodríguez-Vásquez Flor Monserrat , Moll Vicenç Font 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe literature reports that students have difficulties connecting different meanings, multiple representations of the derivative, and performing reversibility processes between representations of f and f’. The research goal is to analyze the mathematical connections that university students establish when solving tasks that involve the graphs of f and f’ when the two functions do not have associated symbolic expressions. Seven students from the first year of undergraduate studies in mathematics from a university in southern Mexico participated. For data collection, two tasks involving the graphical context of the derivative were applied. An analysis of the mathematical activity was carried out by the participants with the analysis model proposed by the onto-semiotic approach, and thematic analysis with types of mathematical connections from the extended theory of connections was carried out to infer the connections made in that mathematical activity, which allowed us to consider the reversibility connection between the graphs of f and f’ as the encapsulation of a portion of the mathematical activity. Four students establish the reversibility relationship between the graph of f and the graph of f’. It has been concluded that some students can establish the reversibility connection between the graphs of f and f’, but the complexity of the mathematical activity that encapsulates the connection explains (by showing everything that the student must do) why some students are not able to establish it.