bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of CT and MRI scanning in Taiwan, 2000–2017
Authors: Huang Chung-Chien , Effendi Fransisca Fortunata , Kosik Russell Oliver , Lee Wen-Jeng , Wang Li-Jen , Juan Chun-Jung , Chan Wing P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This population-based study aimed to collect, analyze, and summarize the long-term trends in medical imaging use in Taiwan.

Methods
A retrospective cohort population-based study of medical imaging usage for the individuals who received care under the National Health Insurance system from 2000 to 2017. CT and MRI utilization rates were determined overall as well as across certain variables including patient age, hospital type, health care type, hospital characteristics, and geographic area.

Results
Individuals registered in our health insurance system have received 21,766,745 CT scans and 7,520,088 MRI scans from 2000 to 2017. Annual growth rates for both imaging types were positive over that period, though growth rates have slowed in recent years. The growth rate for CT use was greatest (9–12%) between 2001 and 2004, dropped to 2% in 2005, then generally rose thereafter, reaching 3% in 2017. Similarly, MRI use growth peaked at 24% between 2001 and 2003, dropped to 4% in 2005, then increased in a fluctuating manner, reaching 2% in 2017.

Conclusion
Over the past 2 decades, CT and MRI use in Taiwan has increased sharply, especially in the oldest age group (≥ 60 years old), but growth rates have slowed in recent years. Increases in imaging use have corresponded with improved clinical outcomes, including greater life expectancy and reduced mortality rates, though further assessment is required to demonstrate a direct link with imaging. Nevertheless, the better clinical outcomes are also predisposed by the comprehensive care covered by the NHI system.
Generation of multilineage liver organoids with luminal vasculature and bile ducts from human pluripotent stem cells via modulation of Notch signaling
Authors: Kim Hyo Jin , Kim Gyeongmin , Chi Kyun Yoo , Kim Hyemin , Jang Yu Jin , Jo Seongyea , Lee Jihun , Lee Youngseok , Woo Dong-Hun , Han Choongseong , Kim Sang Kyum , Park Han-Jin , Kim Jong-Hoon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The generation of liver organoids recapitulating parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell interplay is essential for the precise in vitro modeling of liver diseases. Although different types of multilineage liver organoids (mLOs) have been generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the assembly and concurrent differentiation of multiple cell types in individual mLOs remain a major challenge. Particularly, most studies focused on the vascularization of mLOs in host tissue after transplantation in vivo. However, relatively little information is available on the in vitro formation of luminal vasculature in mLOs themselves.

Methods
The mLOs with luminal blood vessels and bile ducts were generated by assembling hepatic endoderm, hepatic stellate cell-like cells (HscLCs), and endothelial cells derived entirely from hPSCs using 96-well ultra-low attachment plates. We analyzed the effect of HscLC incorporation and Notch signaling modulation on the formation of both bile ducts and vasculature in mLOs using immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and live-perfusion imaging. The potential use of the mLOs in fibrosis modeling was evaluated by histological and gene expression analyses after treatment with pro-fibrotic cytokines.

Results
We found that hPSC-derived HscLCs are crucial for generating functional microvasculature in mLOs. HscLC incorporation and subsequent vascularization substantially reduced apoptotic cell death and promoted the survival and growth of mLOs with microvessels. In particular, precise modulation of Notch signaling during a specific time window in organoid differentiation was critical for generating both bile ducts and vasculature. Live-cell imaging, a series of confocal scans, and electron microscopy demonstrated that blood vessels were well distributed inside mLOs and had perfusable lumens in vitro. In addition, exposure of mLOs to pro-fibrotic cytokines induced early fibrosis-associated events, including upregulation of genes associated with fibrotic induction and endothelial cell activation (i.e., collagen I, α-SMA, and ICAM) together with destruction of tissue architecture and organoid shrinkage.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that mLOs can reproduce parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell interactions and suggest that their application can advance the precise modeling of liver diseases in vitro.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus activates PERK-ROS axis to benefit its replication in Vero E6 cells
Authors: Zhou Yingshan , Zhang Yuxin , Dong Wanyu , Gan Shiqi , Du Jing , Zhou Xingdong , Fang Weihuan , Wang Xiaodu , Song Houhui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOf the three branches of unfolded protein response (UPR) that were reportedly activated by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), PERK is recently shown to act as an upstream regulator of oxidative response of the cells. However, it remains unknown if and how PERK activation during PEDV infection would result in oxidative stress, and whether activation of PERK and its downstream molecules affect PEDV replication. Here, we demonstrate that infection with the PEDV strain YJH/2015 triggered UPR in Vero E6 cells by activating the PERK/eIF2α pathway and led to significant increase in the expression of proapoptotic protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and ER oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1α). Inhibition of PERK by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or GSK2606414 and knockdown of CHOP by small interfering RNA reduced expression of ERO1α and generation of ROS in PEDV-infected cells. Inhibition of ERO1α by shRNA or EN460 decreased PEDV-induced ROS generation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of each component of PERK, CHOP, ERO1α, and ROS led to significant suppression of PEDV replication. Collectively, our study provides the first evidence that PEDV manipulates endoplasmic reticulum to perturb its redox homeostasis via the PERK-CHOP-ERO1α-ROS axis in favor of its replication.
Over supplementation with vitamin B12 alters microbe-host interactions in the gut leading to accelerated Citrobacter rodentium colonization and pathogenesis in mice
Authors: Forgie Andrew J. , Pepin Deanna M. , Ju Tingting , Tollenaar Stephanie , Sergi Consolato M. , Gruenheid Samantha , Willing Benjamin P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Vitamin B12 supplements typically contain doses that far exceed the recommended daily amount, and high exposures are generally considered safe. Competitive and syntrophic interactions for B12 exist between microbes in the gut. Yet, to what extent excessive levels contribute to the activities of the gut microbiota remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of B12 on microbial ecology using a B12 supplemented mouse model with Citrobacter rodentium, a mouse-specific pathogen. Mice were fed a standard chow diet and received either water or water supplemented with B12 (cyanocobalamin: ~120 μg/day), which equates to approximately 25 mg in humans. Infection severity was determined by body weight, pathogen load, and histopathologic scoring. Host biomarkers of inflammation were assessed in the colon before and after the pathogen challenge.

Results
Cyanocobalamin supplementation enhanced pathogen colonization at day 1 (P < 0.05) and day 3 (P < 0.01) postinfection. The impact of B12 on gut microbial communities, although minor, was distinct and attributed to the changes in the Lachnospiraceae populations and reduced alpha diversity. Cyanocobalamin treatment disrupted the activity of the low-abundance community members of the gut microbiota. It enhanced the amount of interleukin-12 p40 subunit protein (IL12/23p40; P < 0.001) and interleukin-17a (IL-17A; P < 0.05) in the colon of naïve mice. This immune phenotype was microbe dependent, and the response varied based on the baseline microbiota. The cecal metatranscriptome revealed that excessive cyanocobalamin decreased the expression of glucose utilizing genes by C. rodentium, a metabolic attribute previously associated with pathogen virulence.

Conclusions
Oral vitamin B12 supplementation promoted C. rodentium colonization in mice by altering the activities of the Lachnospiraceae populations in the gut. A lower abundance of select Lachnospiraceae species correlated to higher p40 subunit levels, while the detection of Parasutterella exacerbated inflammatory markers in the colon of naïve mice. The B12-induced change in gut ecology enhanced the ability of C. rodentium colonization by impacting key microbe-host interactions that help with pathogen exclusion. This research provides insight into how B12 impacts the gut microbiota and highlights potential consequences of disrupting microbial B12 competition/sharing through over-supplementation.

Graphical Abstract
Profile and outcomes of acute poisoning in the toxicology treatment and control center at Tanta University Hospital, Egypt
Authors: Rageh Omar El-Sayed , Sabra Hamdy Khaled , Alammar Abdulrahman Abdullah , Alanazi Omar Naif , Nagy Ayman , Kabbash Ibrahim Ali 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

Poisoning is a major health problem especially in developing countries and leads to high morbidity and mortality.

Aim
To identify the profile of acute poisoning in the Toxicology Unit at Tanta University Hospital, Egypt (2017-2021).

Methods
A cross-sectional study using data extracted from medical records from beginning of January 2017 to end of December 2021. Data including demographic data, Glasgow coma scale, type of poisons, manner of poisoning, time of admission and discharge and state at discharge.

Results
This study included 9713 cases. Rodenticides represented the most frequent cause of poisoning among both males (30%) and females (27%). Pharmaceutical drugs, CNS abused pharmaceutical drugs, and chemicals represent the most common categories (24%, 22%, and 21%, respectively) among children (up to 12 years). Rodenticides and pharmaceutical drugs represent the highest categories among other age groups. Evening admissions represented 52% of cases. Glasgow coma scale was 15 among 86.3% of cases. Intentional poisoning was more common than accidental poisoning (58.6% and 34.7%, respectively). One half (52.2%) of the admitted cases were discharged within 24 hours of admission and 44.4% of them were discharged after 48-72 hours. Family request was the main reason of discharge of cases (70.3%), 15.7% were improved, 4% died. Mortality by rodenticide was 12.5%.

Conclusion
Rodenticides, pharmaceutical and CNS abused pharmaceutical drugs were the most common categories of poisoning. Intentional poisoning was more common than accidental poisoning. Rodenticides were responsible for most deaths.
Mesenchymal non-meningothelial tumors of the central nervous system: a literature review and diagnostic update of novelties and emerging entities
Authors: Tauziède-Espariat Arnault , Hasty Lauren , Métais Alice , Varlet Pascale 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) now includes mesenchymal tumors that occur uniquely or frequently in the CNS. Moreover, this version has aligned the terminology of mesenchymal tumors with their soft tissue counterparts. New tumor types have been added, such as the “intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET-CREB fusion-positive”, the “CIC-rearranged sarcoma”, and the “Primary intracranial sarcoma,DICER1-mutant”. Other entities (such as rhabdomyosarcoma) have remained in the current WHO classification because these tumor types may present specificities in the CNS as compared to their soft tissue counterparts. Based on an extensive literature review, herein, we will discuss these newly recognized entities in terms of clinical observation, radiology, histopathology, genetics and outcome, and consider strategies for an accurate diagnosis. In light of this literature analysis, we will also introduce some potentially novel tumor types.
Autoencoder-kNN meta-model based data characterization approach for an automated selection of AI algorithms
Authors: Garouani Moncef , Ahmad Adeel , Bouneffa Mourad , Hamlich Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent evolution of machine learning (ML) algorithms and the high level of expertise required to use them have fuelled the demand for non-experts solutions. The selection of an appropriate algorithm and the configuration of its hyperparameters is among the most complicated tasks while applying ML to new problems. It necessitates well awareness and knowledge of ML algorithms. The algorithm selection problem (ASP) is defined as the process of identifying the algorithm (s) that can deliver top performance for a particular problem, task, and evaluation measure. In this context, meta-learning is one of the approaches to achieve this objective by using prior learning experiences to assist the learning process on unseen problems and tasks. As a data-driven approach, appropriate data characterization is of vital importance for the meta-learning. Nonetheless, the recent literature witness a variety of data characterization techniques including simple, statistical and information theory based measures. However, their quality still needs to be improved. In this paper, a new Autoencoder-kNN (AeKNN) based meta-model with built-in latent features extraction is proposed. The approach is aimed to extract new characterizations of the data, with lower dimensionality but more significant and meaningful features. AeKNN internally uses a deep autoencoder as a latent features extractor from a set of existing meta-features induced from the dataset. From this new features vectors the computed distances are more significant, thus providing a way to accurately recommending top-performing pipelines for previously unseen datasets. In an application on a large-scale hyperparameters optimization task for 400 real world datasets with varying schemas as a meta-learning task, we show that AeKNN offers considerable improvements of the classical kNN as well as traditional meta-models in terms of performance.
Spider-capture-silk mimicking fibers with high-performance fog collection derived from superhydrophilicity and volume-swelling of gelatin knots
Authors: Jiang Yuanzhang , Venkatesan Harun , Shi Shuo , Wang Cong , Cui Miao , Zhang Qiang , Tan Lin , Hu Jinlian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpider-capture-silk (SCS) can directionally capture and transport water from humid air relying on the unique geometrical structure. Although there have been adequate reports on the fabrication of artificial SCSs from petroleum-based materials, it remains a big challenge to innovate bio-based SCS mimicking fibers with high-performance fog collection ability and efficiency simultaneously. Herein, we report an eco-friendly and economical fiber system for water collection by coating gelatin on degummed silk. Compared to the previously reported fibers with the best fog collection ability (~ 13.10 μL), Gelatin on silk fiber 10 (GSF10) can collect larger water droplet (~ 16.70 μL in 330 s) with ~ 98% less mass. Meanwhile, the water collection efficiency of GSF10 demonstrates ~ 72% and ~ 48% enhancement to the existing best water collection polymer coated SCS fibers and spidroin eMaSp2 coated degummed silk respectively in terms of volume-to-TCL (vapor–liquid-solid three-phase contact line) index. The simultaneous function of superhydrophilicity, surface energy gradient, and ~ 65% water-induced volume swelling of the gelatin knots are the key factors in advancing the water collection performance. Abundant availability of feedstocks and ~ 75% improved space utilization guarantee the scalability and practical application of such bio-based fiber.
Graphic Abstract
Recent Insights into Noncoding RNAs in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Focus on Mechanisms and Treatments
Authors: Zhang Jun-Hui , Chen Jia-Hua , Guo Bao , Fang Yuan , Xu Zu-Ying , Zhan Lei , Cao Yun-Xia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disease with an unknown underlying trigger or root cause. Recently many studies evaluated noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for their associations with POI.

Evidence acquisition
In this review, we outline the biogenesis of various ncRNAs relevant to POI and summarize the evidence for their roles in the regulation of disease occurrence and progression. Articles from 2003 to 2022 were selected for relevance, validity, and quality from results obtained in PubMed and Google Scholar using the following search terms: noncoding RNAs; primary ovarian insufficiency; premature ovarian failure; noncoding RNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; miRNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; lncRNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; siRNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; circRNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; pathophysiology; and potential treatment. All articles were independently screened for eligibility by the authors.

Evidence synthesis
This review summarizes the biological functions and synthesis of miRNAs, lncRNAs, siRNAs, and circRNAs in POI and discusses the findings of clinical and in vitro and in vivo studies. Although there is variability in the findings of individual studies, overall the available literature justifies the conclusion that dysregulated ncRNAs play significant roles in POI.

Conclusion
The potential of ncRNAs in the treatment of POI requires further investigation, as ncRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cell–secreted exosomes play pivotal roles and have considerable therapeutic potential in a multitude of diseases.
Posterior Fossa Midline Epidermoid Tumors: Role of the Inferior Medullary Velum and a Proposed New Imaging Classification
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Sardhara Jayesh , Verma Pawan Kumar , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Srivastav Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Awadhesh , Behari Sanjay , Kumar Raj 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Posterior fossa midline epidermoid tumors (PFMETs) include the epidermoid tumors of the cisterna magna (CM) and fourth ventricle (FV).

OBJECTIVE:
To report tumor epicenter-based classification of PFMETs and its clinical and surgical implications with outcome.

METHODS:
On retrospective analysis of operated cases of intracranial epidermoid tumors, 19 (N = 19) patients having tumor epicenter within FV, CM, or both were included. Cerebellopontine and prepontine cistern epidermoid were excluded. Tumor location was decided based on preoperative MRI and intraoperative findings. Major complication was defined as new onset or worsening of cranial nerve (CN) deficit, sensory motor impairment, or tracheostomy.

RESULTS:
The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 42.0 ± 11.6 years (range 25-61 years), with no sex predilection (male:female: 1:0.9). The most common symptoms were cerebellar dysfunction, headache, vomiting, and diplopia. Common CNs affected were VII, V, lower cranial nerve, and VI. The PFMETs were classified based on tumor epicenter as type 1 (tumor epicenter in CM, n = 4/21.1%), type 2 (FV, n = 5/26.3%), and type 3 (involved CM and FV, n = 10/52.6%). Type 2 tumors had a higher incidence of raised intracranial pressure and only facial nerve palsy as preoperative CN deficit. Type 1 tumors had the least incidence of postoperative major complications. Type 3 tumors were the largest and had a greater incidence of brainstem adhesion and postoperative complications. The tumor size, duration of symptoms, and patient age were higher in patients with brainstem adhesion (5.3 ± 1.0 cm, 21 ± 16 months, 44.1 ± 9.2 years) as against its absence (4.8 ± 1.3 cm, 11.2 ± 7.3 months, 38.2 ± 11.7 years). Inferior medullary velum and tela choroidea have a critical role in tumorogenesis, tumor extension, and brainstem adhesion.

CONCLUSION:
PFMETs can be classified into 3 subtypes based on tumor epicenter having clinical and surgical implications. Less aggressive dissection and near total excision in the presence of brainstem adhesion yield favorable outcomes.
Integrative Genomics Analysis Implicates Decreased FGD6 Expression Underlying Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Hale Andrew T. , He Jing , Jones Jesse 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
The genetic determinants and mechanisms underlying intracranial aneurysm rupture (rIA) are largely unknown. Given the ∼50% mortality rate of rIA, approaches to identify patients at high risk will inform screening, diagnostic, and preventative measures.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify and characterize the genetic basis of rIA.

METHODS:
We perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using functional genomics approaches to identify and characterize rIA-associated loci and genes. We perform a meta-analysis across 24 published GWAS of rIA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene-burden analysis, and functional genomics identify and characterize genetic risk factors for rIA.

RESULTS:
Our cohort contains 84 353 individuals (7843 rIA cases and 76 510 controls). We identify 5 independent genetic loci reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5.0 × 10−8) for rIA including rs12310399 (FGD6, odds ratio = 1.16), which has been implicated in prior GWAS of IA. We then quantified gene-level mutation burden across ∼20 000 genes, and only FGD6 (containing 21 rIA-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms) reached transcriptome-wide significance. Expression quantitative trait loci mapping indicates that rs12310399 causes decreased FGD6 gene expression in arterial tissue. Next, we used publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing of normal human cerebrovascular cells obtained during resection surgery and identify high expression of FGD6 in 1 of 3 arterial lineages but absent in perivascular cells. These data suggest how alterations in FGD6 may confer risk to rIA.

CONCLUSION:
We identify and characterize a known risk loci for IA, but not for rIA, containing FGD6. Elucidation of high-risk genetic loci may instruct population-genetic screening and clinical-genetic testing strategies to identify patients predisposed to rIA.
Gluten-free diet - opportunities and limitations
Authors: Sierpień Małgorzata , Górska Dominika , Karwanska Aleksandra , Majcher Magdalena , Pikulicka Agata , Brzychczy Piotr , Kulbat Aleksandra , Majcher Monika , Kulbat Mateusz , Świercz Kamila 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The aim of the study was to indicate the difficulties associated with gluten-free diet and the point of its use by people without medical indications. Another important aspect of the article was to analyze the impact of this diet on the course of chronic diseases.
Methods
For the purposes of writing this article, the available literature was reviewed. Using keywords such as gluten, gluten-free, or diet, the database of medical publications - PubMed was searched.
Results: The popularity of the gluten-free diet is growing. The reason for this is increased interest in health lifestyle and nutrition as well as the influence of the mass media. Because of that, the number of people on a gluten-free diet without medical indications is increasing. Following a gluten-free diet is associated with many difficulties. Gluten-free products are much more expensive and less available than their gluten-containing counterparts. It is associated with many obstacles in everyday life. An important aspect is also the imbalance of supplied nutrients and the risk of macro and micronutrient deficiencies, such as magnesium, zinc or selenium, as a result of the gluten-free diet. With the increasing popularity of the gluten-free diet, there are more and more studies on the potential benefits of its use in chronic diseases.
Conclusion: A gluten-free diet remains the only therapeutic option in the course of diseases such as celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity or wheat allergy. Due to the insufficient amount of data, its use is not recommended in the course of other chronic diseases and in the population of people without medical indications.