bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct soil health indicators are associated with variation in maize yield and tile drain nitrate losses
Authors: Li Nan , Bullock David , Butts‐Wilmsmeyer Carrie , Gentry Laura , Goodwin Greg , Han Jaeyeong , Kleczweski Nathan , Martín Nicolas F. , Paulausky Patricia , Pistorius Pete , Seiter Nicholas , Schroeder Nathan , Margenot Andrew J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAssociations between nitrogen (N) management and losses with soil health indicators (SHI) are widely presumed but relatively untested. An on‐farm experiment conducted in central Illinois was conducted to test potential relationships of SHI with agroecosystem outcomes of maize (Zea mays L.) yield and N losses under bounding N‐fertilization rates of 168 and 252 kg/ha. Chemical (n = 19), physical (n = 11), and biological (n = 14) SHI were measured at 24 locations within a 30 ha field at five timepoints (V3, V10, RT, R6, and post‐harvest). Yields did not necessarily reflect N‐fertilization rates, with lowest yields (14.5 Mg/ha) under 224 kg/ha. Flow‐weighted nitrate‐N concentrations were significantly higher under 168 kg N/ha (10.6 mg/L) relative to higher application rates, though cumulative tile nitrate‐N loads were similar. SHI varied more by sampling location and time than by N fertilization rate. Depending on the time of sampling, distinct SHI were related to yield and tile N losses. Total soil carbon and permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) best explained yield variation, whereas POXC and sand content best explained variation in nitrate‐N loss. Nematode indices helped explain variability in yield (Simpson and Shannon indices) and nitrate‐N losses (maturity index), supporting recent propositions to integrate nematode measures into soil health assessments. This study provides a basis for expanding to multiyear assessments of SHI linkages with nutrient losses and crop productivity in the North Central United States.
Bridging a Gap in Thermal Conductivity and Heat Transfer in Hybrid Fibers and Yarns via Polyimide and Silicon Nitride Composites
Authors: Moradi Ahmadreza , Szewczyk Piotr K. , Stachewicz Urszula 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe pressing issues of the energy crisis and rapid electronics development have sparked a growing interest in the production of highly thermally conductive polymer composites. Due to the challenges related to the poor processability of hybrid materials and filler distribution to achieve high thermal conductivity, electrospinning is employed to create composite nanofibers and yarns using polyimide (PI) and thermally conductive silicon nitride (SiN) nanoparticles. The thermal performance of the individual nanofibers is evaluated using scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), providing significant insights into their heat transfer performance. Next, the nanofibers are applied as coatings on resistance wires to assess the thermal conductivity and insulation properties. Notably, the samples containing 35 wt.% of SiN exhibit a 25% increase in surface temperature. These innovative materials hold great promise as exceptional candidates for smart textiles and thermal management applications, addressing the growing demand for effective heat dissipation and regulation.
Tensile‐Strained Holey Pd Metallene toward Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zeng Tiantian , Meng Xiaomin , Sun Shiwei , Ling Miao , Zhang Chuanhui , Yuan Weiyong , Cao Dapeng , Niu Mang , Zhang Lian Ying , Li Chang Ming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNoble metal‐based metallenes are attracting intensive attention in energy catalysis, but it is still very challenging to precisely control the surface structures of metallenes for higher catalytic properties on account of their intrinsic thermodynamic instability. Herein, the synthesis of tensile‐strained holey Pd metallene by oxidative etching is reported using hydrogen peroxide, which exhibits highly enhanced catalytic activity and stability in comparison with normal Pd metallene toward both oxygen reduction reaction and formic acid oxidation. The pre‐prepared Pd metallene functions as a catalyst to decompose hydrogen peroxide, and the Pd atoms in amorphous regions of Pd metallene are preferentially removed by the introduced hydrogen peroxide during the etching process. The greatly enhanced ORR activity is mainly determined by the strong electrostatic repulsion between intermediate O* and the dopant O, which balances the adsorption strength of O* on Pd sites, ultimately endowing a weakened adsorption energy of O* on TH‐Pd metallene. This work creates a facile and economical strategy to precisely shape metallene‐based nanoarchitectures with broad applications for energy systems and sensing devices.
Obtaining and Microstructural Study of a Multifunctional Highly Phosphorylated Starch
Authors: Azeroual Sana , Belfkira Ahmed , Wattati Hind , Taourirte Moha , Jalal Rachid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study reports the phosphorylation of starch by a method used for kraft fibers. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis shows that this product contains 20% phosphorus and 9% nitrogen. The corresponding degrees of substitution (DS), on the anhydroglucose repeating unit (AGU), by phosphorus‐containing (DSP) and nitrogen‐containing (DSN) groups are 2.32 and 1.38, respectively. The microstructural characterization techniques (13C and 31P NMR, ATR‐FTIR), indicate the existence of several functional groups simply linked or acting as bridges between the chains. The degree of charge (4446 mmol kg−1), determined by potentiometry, is lower than that calculated theoretically (6617 mmol kg−1). This is due to a transformation of the phosphate groups (─O─PO3H2) into (─O─PO3H─) forming inter‐chain bridges. The viscosimetric increment varies very little with concentration, indicating that the study is dealing with particles made up of highly cross‐linked polysaccharide chains, whose hydrodynamic volume expansion is strongly restricted. The thermogravimetric study, mass loss as a function of temperature, generates levoglucosan as the majority product. It indicates the persistence of AGU despite modification reactions. By pooling all the data, the study is able to propose an approximate microstructure. Application tests for fertilizer, adsorbent, flame retardant, water retainer, and gelling agent are conclusive.
Anchorages and laps according to the next‐generation Eurocode 2—Overview and comparison to current provisions
Authors: Camps Benjamin , Schmidt Maximilian , Hegger Josef 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNew design provisions for anchorage and lap design, based on Model Code 2010 and the related background document, have been proposed for the next generation of Eurocode 2 (prEC2). In this article, the new provisions are examined and compared with the provisions in current Eurocode 2 (EC2). In the first of the three parts of this study, design examples are developed to show the practicability and effectiveness of the new design provisions. In the second part, parametric studies are carried out to check the generality of the new provisions and to clarify the roles of the main input parameters controlling the design of anchorages and laps. In the third part, a comparison is made between the predictions based on the new provisions and the results of a large database reported in the literature. To improve the fitting of the test results, adjustments are proposed for the coefficients appearing in the provisions of prEC2. The proposed adjustments—that may be introduced into National Annexes—ensure a sufficient level of safety of the new provisions for the design of anchorages and laps.
Polystyrene nanoplastics aggravate reproductive system damage in obese male mice by perturbation of the testis redox homeostasis
Authors: Cai Peirong , Wang Yaling , Feng Nannan , Zou Hui , Gu Jianhong , Yuan Yan , Liu Xuezhong , Liu Zongping , Bian Jianchun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe potential impact of the combination of a high‐fat diet (HFD) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PS‐NPs) on fertility cannot be ignored, especially when the fertility rate is declining. However, it has not attracted considerable attention. In this study, an obese mouse model was established using an HFD, and the reproductive function of male mice was evaluated after intragastric administration of 100 μL of a 10 mg/mL PS‐NP suspension for 4 weeks. By determining the morphology and vitality of sperm and related indicators of testosterone production, it was found that PS‐NPs aggravated the destruction of sperm mitochondrial structure, decrease sperm activity, and testosterone production in HFD‐fed mice. To comprehensively analyze the injury mechanism, the integrity of the blood testicular barrier (BTB) and the function of Leydig and Sertoli cells were further analyzed. It was found that PS‐NPs could destroy BTB, promote the degeneration of Leydig cells, reduce the number of Sertoli cells, and decrease lactate secretion in HFD‐fed mice. PS‐NPs further interfered with redox homeostasis in the testicular tissues of HFD‐fed mice. This study found that PS‐NPs could aggravate the damage to the reproductive system of obese male mice by further perturbing its redox homeostasis and revealed the potential health risk of PS‐NPs exposure under an HFD.
Impact of proton pump inhibitors on the risk of small bowel or colorectal bleeding: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jung Yoon Suk , Park Jung Ho , Park Chan Hyuk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that the mucosal protective effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) do not extend beyond the duodenum; however, PPIs may cause lower gastrointestinal (LGI) injury, although these relationships have not yet been fully elucidated.MethodsWe searched all the relevant studies published until September 2022 that examined the risk of PPIs for LGI bleeding. We performed a meta‐analysis of the risk of LGI bleeding (small bowel (SB) or colorectal bleeding) between PPI users and non‐users. A subgroup analysis of patients consuming aspirin or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was also performed.ResultsTwelve studies with 341,063 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. The use of PPIs was associated with the risk of LGI bleeding (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]] = 1.42 [1.16–1.73]; hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] = 3.23 [1.56–6.71]). An association between PPI use and the risk of LGI bleeding was also identified in the subgroup of aspirin or NSAID users (OR [95% CI] = 1.64 [1.49–1.80]; HR [95% CI] = 6.55 [2.01–21.33]). In the bleeding site‐specific analyses, the risk of SB bleeding was associated with PPI use (OR [95% CI] = 1.54 [1.30–1.84]).ConclusionsPPI use was associated with an increased risk of LGI bleeding, particularly SB bleeding. This association was particularly pronounced among aspirin and NSAID users. Inappropriate PPI prescriptions should be avoided in patients with LGI bleeding and a low risk of upper gastrointestinal disease.
Detection and molecular characterisation of canine adenovirus type 1 from a fatal case of infectious canine hepatitis from India
Authors: Syamily Shaji , Rajasekhar R , Anoopraj R , Ravishankar Chintu , Jishnu Haridas Piriyath 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCanine adenovirus (CAdV), a non‐enveloped, linear dsDNA virus, is a member of the genus Mastadenovirus of the family Adenoviridae. Two different serotypes of CAdVs, canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV‐1), which causes infectious canine hepatitis (ICH), and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV‐2), which causes canine infectious laryngotracheitis, have been identified in dogs. In this report, we discuss a case of fatal CAdV‐1 infection in a 4‐month‐old, male, unvaccinated, Rajapalayam breed dog. Postmortem examination results were suggestive of CAdV‐1 infection, which was confirmed by histopathological examination, molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis. Sequence analysis of the CAdV‐1 strain showed a close similarity with the Australasian‐Europe cluster, a high identity (99.78% nucleotide and 98.91% amino acid identities) with a CAdV‐1 isolate (KU75571) from a fox in the United Kingdom, and a unique substitution (W126S) in the E3 protein encoding sequence.
The geology, geochemistry, and magmatic evolution of the Legris Lake mafic–ultramafic complex, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Bain Wyatt M. , Hollings Pete , Djon Lionnel M. , Brzozowski Matthew J. , Layton-Matthews Daniel , Dobosz Agatha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Archean Legris Lake mafic–ultramafic complex (LLC) is spatially (~ 12 km east) and temporally (2690.59 ± 0.77 Ma) associated with the world-class Lac des Iles (LDI) palladium deposit. Modeling of whole-rock major-element compositions suggests that this complex, previously interpreted as gabbroic, is gabbronoritic in composition, adding to the likely association between LDI and the LLC. Mantle normalized trace-element profiles and modeled parental melt compositions from the cumulate lithologies indicate initial melt extraction from a metasomatized mantle source in an arc setting and subsequent crystallization of olivine, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase at depth following assimilation of SiO2 and S from tonalitic country rock. External S assimilation contributed to sulfide saturation at depth prior to or during emplacement, but sulfide melt entrainment in intruding magmas and its retention at the site of emplacement was variable. These interpretations are supported by (1) variations in Cu/Pd ratios between PGE-rich and PGE-poor lithologies, (2) the strongly negative Eu/Eu* of paragenetically early lithologies, (3) the overlap between whole-rock εNd(T) values of LLC lithologies and Wabigoon tonalite, and (4) the positive δ34S and uniformly non-zero ∆33S values of magmatic sulfides. During emplacement the intruding melts also assimilated metasedimentary country rock. This effect likely became more pervasive during later stages and resulted in additional melt fractionation and inheritance of the trace-element signature of the metasedimentary country rock by the intruding magmas. This assimilation does not, however, seem to have been an important driver of sulfide saturation in this system.
Emerging entities: high-grade/large B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration, large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement, and new molecular subgroups in large B-cell lymphomas. A report of the 2022 EA4HP/SH lymphoma workshop
Authors: Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Laurent Camille , Soma Lorinda , Ng Siok-Bian , Climent Fina , Ondrejka Sarah L. , Zamo Alberto , Wotherspoon Andrew , de Leval Laurence , Dirnhofer Stefan , Leoncini Lorenzo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEmerging entities and molecular subgroups in large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs) were discussed during the 2022 European Association for Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology workshop in Florence, Italy. This session focused on newly recognized diseases and their diagnostic challenges. High-grade/large B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration (HG/LBCL-11q) is defined by chromosome 11q-gains and telomeric loss. FISH analysis is recommended for the diagnosis. HG/LBCL-11q can occur in the setting of immunodeficiency, including ataxia-telangiectasia, and predominates in children. The morphological spectrum of these cases is broader than previously thought with often Burkitt-like morphology and coarse apoptotic bodies. It has a Burkitt-like immunophenotype (CD10+, BCL6+, BCL2−) but MYC expression is weak or negative, lacks MYC rearrangement, and is in contrast to Burkitt lymphoma 50% of the cases express LMO2. LBCL with IRF4 rearrangement (LBCL-IRF4) occurs mainly in the pediatric population but also in adults. LBCL-IRF4 has an excellent prognosis, with distinguishing molecular findings. IRF4 rearrangements, although characteristic of this entity, are not specific and can be found in association with other chromosomal translocations in other large B-cell lymphomas. Other molecular subgroups discussed included primary bone diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PB-DLBCL), which has distinctive clinical presentation and molecular findings, and B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with IGH::MYC translocation recently segregated from Burkitt lymphoma with TdT expression. This latter disorder has molecular features of precursor B-cells, often tetrasomy 1q and recurrent NRAS and KRAS mutations. In this report, novel findings, recommendations for diagnosis, open questions, and diagnostic challenges raised by the cases submitted to the workshop will be discussed.
Proposal of a grading system for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung — the prognostic importance of tumour budding, single cell invasion, and nuclear diameter
Authors: Zombori-Tóth Noémi , Hegedűs Fanni , Almási Szintia , Sejben Anita , Tiszlavicz László , Furák József , Cserni Gábor , Zombori Tamás 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prognostic markers of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are less investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate tumour budding (TB), minimal cell nest size, nuclear diameter (ND), and spread through air spaces (STAS) among patients with resected LSCC, semi-quantitatively. Furthermore, we aimed to identify a grading system for the best prognostic stratification of LSCC. Patients who underwent surgical resection at the Department of Surgery, University of Szeged between 2010 and 2016 were included. Follow-up data were collected from medical charts. Morphological characteristics were recorded from histologic revision of slides. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log rank test and Cox proportional-hazards model, ROC curve analysis, and intraclass correlation were utilised. Altogether 220 patients were included. In univariate analysis, higher degree of TB, infiltrative tumour border, larger ND, the presence of single cell invasion (SCI) and STAS were associated with adverse prognosis. Based on our results, we proposed an easily applicable grading scheme focusing on TB, ND, and SCI. In multivariate analysis, the proposed grading system (pOS < 0.001, pRFS < 0.001) and STAS (pOS = 0.008, pRFS < 0.001) were independent prognosticators. Compared to the previously introduced grading systems, ROC curve analysis revealed that the proposed grade had the highest AUC values (AUCOS: 0.83, AUCRFS: 0.78). Each category of the proposed grading system has good (ICC: 0.79–0.88) reproducibility. We validated the prognostic impact of TB, SCI, ND, and STAS in LSCC. We recommend a reproducible grading system combining TB, SCI, and ND for proper prognostic stratification of LSCC patients. Further research is required for validation of this grading scheme.
Catchment-based sampling of river eDNA integrates terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity of alpine landscapes
Authors: Reji Chacko Merin , Altermatt Florian , Fopp Fabian , Guisan Antoine , Keggin Thomas , Lyet Arnaud , Rey Pierre-Louis , Richards Eilísh , Valentini Alice , Waldock Conor , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMonitoring of terrestrial and aquatic species assemblages at large spatial scales based on environmental DNA (eDNA) has the potential to enable evidence-based environmental policymaking. The spatial coverage of eDNA-based studies varies substantially, and the ability of eDNA metabarcoding to capture regional biodiversity remains to be assessed; thus, questions about best practices in the sampling design of entire landscapes remain open. We tested the extent to which eDNA sampling can capture the diversity of a region with highly heterogeneous habitat patches across a wide elevation gradient for five days through multiple hydrological catchments of the Swiss Alps. Using peristaltic pumps, we filtered 60 L of water at five sites per catchment for a total volume of 1800 L. Using an eDNA metabarcoding approach focusing on vertebrates and plants, we detected 86 vertebrate taxa spanning 41 families and 263 plant taxa spanning 79 families across ten catchments. For mammals, fishes, amphibians and plants, the detected taxa covered some of the most common species in the region according to long-term records while including a few more rare taxa. We found marked turnover among samples from distinct elevational classes indicating that the biological signal in alpine rivers remains relatively localised and is not aggregated downstream. Accordingly, species compositions differed between catchments and correlated with catchment-level forest and grassland cover. Biomonitoring schemes based on capturing eDNA across rivers within biologically integrated catchments may pave the way toward a spatially comprehensive estimation of biodiversity.
The molecular diagnostic yield of frame-based stereotactic biopsies in the age of precision neuro-oncology: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alhalabi Obada T. , Sahm Felix , Unterberg Andreas W. , Jakobs Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
With the increasing role of molecular genetics in the diagnostics of intracranial tumors, delivering sufficient representative tissue for such analyses is of paramount importance. This study explored the rate of successful diagnosis after frame-based stereotactic biopsies of intracranial lesions.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing frame-based stereotactic biopsies in 2020 and 2021 were included in this retrospective analysis. Cases were classified into three groups: conclusive, diagnosis with missing molecular genetics (MG) data, and inconclusive neuropathological diagnosis.

Results
Of 145 patients, a conclusive diagnosis was possible in n = 137 cases (94.5%). For 3 cases (2.0%), diagnosis was established with missing MG data. In 5 cases (3.5%), an inconclusive (tumor) diagnosis was met. Diagnoses comprised mainly WHO 4 glioblastomas (n = 73, 56%), CNS lymphomas (n = 23, 16%), inflammatory diseases (n = 14, 10%), and metastases (n = 5, 3%). Methylomics were applied in 49% (n = 44) of tumor cases (panel sequencing in n = 28, 30% of tumors). The average number of specimens used for MG diagnostics was 5, while the average number of specimens provided was 15. In a univariate analysis, insufficient DNA was associated with an inconclusive diagnosis or a diagnosis with missing MG data (p < 0.001). Analyses of planned and implemented trajectories of cases with diagnosis with missing MG data or inconclusive diagnosis (n = 8) revealed that regions of interest were reached in almost all cases (n = 7).

Conclusion
Although stereotactic frame-based biopsies deliver a limited amount of tissue, they bear high histopathological and molecular genetic diagnostic yields. Given the proven surgical precision of the planned biopsy trajectories, optimizing surveyed lesion regions could help improve the rate of conclusive diagnoses.
Expert consensus on the attributes and competencies required for rural and remote junior physicians to work effectively in isolated indonesian communities
Authors: Noya Farah C. , Carr Sandra E. , Thompson Sandra C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndonesian physicians working in rural and remote areas must be equipped not only with generic competencies but also with the attributes and skills necessary to provide health care services without compromising quality. This study sought to reach a consensus on the attributes and competencies that are viewed as essential and important for working effectively as an early career doctor in rural and remote practice in Indonesia. A two-round Delphi study was conducted by reference to 27 consenting physicians working in rural and remote Indonesia. Forty-three items covering 9 attributes and 34 competencies were sent to these physicians to be rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 in terms of their importance for effective rural and remote practice. Nine attributes and 29 competencies progressed to Round 2. All nine attributes and 29 competencies were identified as essential or important for junior physicians’ ability to be effective in their practice. The essential attributes included professional quality related to prioritising the rural community. The essential competencies included medical skills, professional behaviour, interprofessional skills, health promotion and connection to the rural community. The consensus thus reached on these essential and important attributes and competencies can inform curriculum development for the undergraduate and postgraduate training of junior rural and remote physicians.