bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Bacteria Responsible for Non‐Sulphate‐Based Hydrogen Sulphide Production in Aquaculture
Authors: Nguyen‐tiêt Alexandre , Puente‐Sánchez Fernando , Bertilsson Stefan , Aalto Sanni L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe unintended microbiological production of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) poses a significant challenge in engineered systems, including sewage treatment plants, landfills and aquaculture systems. Although sulphur‐rich amino acids and other substrates conducive to non‐sulphate‐based H2S production are frequently present, the capacity and potential of various microorganisms to perform sulphate‐free H2S production remain unclear. In this study, we identify the identity, activity and genomic characteristics of bacteria that degrade cysteine to produce H2S in anaerobic enrichment bioreactors seeded with material from aquaculture systems. Our comparison with canonical sulphate‐reducing bacteria reveals that both sulphur sources contribute to microbial H2S production, with cysteine facilitating a more rapid process compared to sulphate. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analysis identified four bacterial families—Dethiosulfatibacteraceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae—as central to non‐sulphate H2S production. Metagenome‐ and metatranscriptome‐assembled genomes elucidated the primary cysteine degradation pathway mediated by cysteine desulphidase cyuA and indicated that some bacteria may also utilise cysteine as a carbon source in sulphate‐based H2S production.
Digital Foetal Scalp Stimulation Versus Foetal Blood Sampling to Assess Foetal Well‐Being in Labour: A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Yambasu Sahr , Boland Fiona , O'Donoghue Keelin , Curran Colleen , Shahabuddin Yulia , Cotter Amanda , Gaffney Geraldine , Devane Declan , Molloy Eleanor J. , Murphy Deirdre J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo establish whether digital foetal scalp stimulation (dFSS) performs better than foetal blood sampling (FBS) in terms of reducing the rate of caesarean section (CS) in labour, without adversely affecting perinatal outcomes.DesignA multicentre parallel‐group randomised controlled trial.SettingMaternity centres in Ireland.PopulationThe study aimed to randomise 2500 nulliparous women who required a second‐line test of foetal well‐being in labour due to abnormal cardiotocography (CTG).MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to dFSS or FBS in a 1:1 ratio. Analysis was according to the published protocol and included a meta‐analysis of the pilot study data and trial data.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was CS.ResultsDue to lower‐than‐expected randomisations, the trial concluded early. Of 534 consented participants, 124 had a second‐line test of foetal well‐being in labour and 43 (34.7%) were randomised; 20 to dFSS and 23 to FBS. The rate of CS was 40.0% (8/20) in the dFSS group and 47.8% (11/23) in the FBS group (absolute difference 7.8%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.22–2.44). The rate of CS was lower in the dFSS group when the trial data were included in a meta‐analysis with the pilot data (n = 50), although the confidence limits were wide (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17–0.96). There was no significant difference in rates of adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. Of the nonrandomised participants who received a second‐line test, 65% (53/81) received dFSS.ConclusionsThe small sample size limits the ability to conclude whether dFSS performs better as a second‐line test of foetal well‐being in labour than FBS. A clinician preference for dFSS was apparent, even though robust evidence is lacking.Trial Registration: This trial was prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on the 31st of March 2022. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05306756 (Access at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05306756?cond=fetal%20blood%20sampling&rank=3)
Allocating charities' financial reporting requirements using tiers – Australian perspectives
Authors: Wen Han , Gilchrist David , Agrawal Prerana , Bayne Lyndie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Australian accounting standard setter, funders and the sector itself express concern about reporting obligations established via regulatory requirements that are arbitrarily allocated using a tiered system based on income levels. This study investigates the utility of the current financial reporting framework by interviewing experienced preparers. Findings reveal stakeholders demand more detailed information, current accounting standards are seen as unsuitable, and irrelevant disclosures reduce report relevance. The tiered reporting system is viewed as outdated, especially for small and medium‐sized charities. We contribute to the literature on not‐for‐profit accounting by highlighting current system limitations and suggesting improvements for alignment with stakeholder needs.
Leisure activity and subjective well‐being of older adults in Australia and Thailand: The impact of affiliation, restoration and meaning
Authors: Wora Nutyathun , Pachana Nancy A. , Taephant Nattasuda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesTo explore leisure activity types among older adults in Australia and Thailand and how psychological mechanisms of restoration, affiliation and meaning in leisure activities impact subjective well‐being (SWB).MethodsA survey was administered to 125 older adults aged 60 and above (65 from Australia and 60 from Thailand). The survey collected demographic information, self‐rated health and SWB. Participants were also asked to manually list their top three leisure activities and provide details on each activity's frequency, duration and ratings of restoration, affiliation and meaning. Statistical analyses included correlation analysis and standard multiple regression.Results‘Meaning’ significantly predicts well‐being for Thai participants, while ‘restoration’ predicts well‐being for Australians. Cultural differences were evident in preferred leisure activities. For example, ‘TV and internet uses’ was higher among Thai participants, and ‘Creative’ activities were higher among Australian participants. ‘Exercise’ was the top leisure activity in both countries, with many comments suggesting that health benefits are the primary reason for leisure.ConclusionsEncouraging culturally relevant leisure activities with health benefits that also promote meaning and restoration may enhance well‐being among older adults.
Metabolic bariatric surgery generates substantial, sustained weight loss and health improvement in a real‐world setting
Authors: Brown Wendy A. , Brown Dianne L. , Holland Jennifer F. , Campbell Angus , Cottrell Jenifer , Ahern Susannah , Reilly Jennifer , Garduce Patrick , Wetter James , Hamdorf Jeffrey M. , Talbot Michael , Baker Samuel , MacCormick Andrew D. , Caterson Ian D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTo determine if the positive outcomes from clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of metabolic bariatric surgery are reproducible at a national level.MethodsA longitudinal registry‐based observation study with data collected from all persons undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery in Australia from 28 February 2012–31 December 2021 including data from 122,567 index patients who underwent 134,625 completed bariatric procedures.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDefined adverse outcomes at 90‐days (unplanned readmission, intensive care admission and re‐operation; death), annual change in weight (percent total body weight loss (TBWL)), diabetes treatment and need for re‐operation.Results79.0% of participants were female. Mean age on the day of surgery was 44.0 years (SD 11.8; range 12.9‐87.9 years) and mean BMI 41.7 kg/m2 (SD 7.6). At 5‐years participants who underwent one anastomosis gastric bypass had TBWL 34.88% (SD 8.67%), roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass 30.73 % (SD 9.47%); sleeve gastrectomy 26.5% (SD 10.5%) and adjustable gastric bands 17.6% (SD 12.1%). At 90‐days 3.6% of procedures recorded a defined adverse event. 13,904 (13.6%) primary participants reported being treated for diabetes at baseline. No medication for diabetes was required by 71.6% (follow‐up 58%) at 1‐year and 61% (follow‐up 22%) at 5‐years.13 904 (13.6%) primary participants reported being treated for diabetes at baseline. No medication for diabetes was required by 71.6% (follow‐up 58%) at 1‐year and 61% (follow‐up 22%) at 5‐years.ConclusionsMetabolic bariatric surgery is safe and induces substantial weight loss with reduced need for diabetes medications in the real‐world.ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT03441451.
How to Mentor But Not to Helicopter Students in Inclusive Higher Education
Authors: Hawelka Verena , Kreilinger Maria , Penn Christina , Steindl Eva 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBLuE – ‘Bildung, Lebenskompetenz und Empowerment’ [‘Education, Life Skills and Empowerment’] – is an inclusive university programme with a peer‐mentoring system, where students of the primary education programme assist students with attributed cognitive or mental disabilities as tutors. Deutsch et al. (2024) showed that it is a challenge to achieve a balance between providing adequate support and avoiding well‐meant but exaggerated support. This balance requires on‐going negotiations.MethodsThe participatory research project contained two sequences of semi‐structured focus groups with BLuE students and tutors.ResultsVarious points of tension, all concerning negotiation of responsibility, were identified. Tutors individually seem to manage responsibility for the BLuE student's study without openly discussing it, often making decisions internally. BLuE students make decisions for themselves in accordance with tutors' preferences but without reference to recognised problems.ConclusionsTutors play a crucial role in fostering self‐responsibility and autonomy in BLuE students. Rather than feeling solely responsible for ensuring course requirements are met, tutors and BLuE students should engage in open discussions about how to share responsibility for the student's studies and the process of gaining greater independence.
Prevalence and Determinants of Sensitisation to Neomycin in North‐Eastern Italy, 1997–2021
Authors: Cegolon Luca , Larese Filon Francesca ,   the North‐East Research Group on Contact Dermatitis
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by topical application of neomycin is frequently reported.ObjectivesThis multi‐center study investigated prevalence and determinants of neomycin sensitisations in 30 629 outpatients from North‐eastern Italy during 1997–2021.Patients and MethodsEuropean baseline and extended Triveneto series were applied on the upper back of patients patch testing for suspected ACD and removed after 48 h.ResultsPrevalence of neomycin sensitisation was 2.29% (=701/30 629), significantly decreasing over time, especially after 2003. Neomycin sensitisation increased with age, especially in female patients older than 60 with leg dermatitis. The majority of patients sensitised to neomycin (74.5%) tested positive also against other haptens, particularly ingredients included in creams and emollients, as lanolin or benzocaine or preservatives as thimerosal or parabens.ConclusionsThe decreasing prevalence of neomycin sensitisation over time likely reflected reduced accessibility and circulation of neomycin in Italy, due to containment of prescriptions and over‐the‐counter accessibility. Older individuals are typically more likely to be treated by topical medications and antibiotics as neomycin for various conditions, including stasis dermatitis. Since ACD caused by topical medications is relatively easy to miss, comprehensive drug history and patch testing are essential for any patient with suspected sensitisation caused by neomycin.
Sources of uncertainty in estimation of climate velocity and their implications for ecological and conservation applications
Authors: Carroll Carlos , Mahony Colin R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe velocity of climate change, which estimates the migration speed necessary to maintain constant climatic conditions, is increasingly used to map climate‐related threats to biodiversity. Using newly developed climate velocity data for North America to 2100 based on an ensemble of current‐generation climate projections, we asked how important differing sources of uncertainty from global climate model projections are, how the magnitude of this uncertainty compares with the internal variability of the climate system, and what aspects of climate velocity are robust to such uncertainty. We found that most variation was due to contrasts among global climate models, followed by variation among alternative emissions pathways. However, correlation was great enough (0.817) to allow application of velocity to inform conservation and management. In contrast, internal variability (i.e., weather at multidecadal timescales) resulted in low correlation between simulated and observed velocity for the 2001–2020 period. A null model using current baseline climate data and assumed uniform 2° heating was moderately correlated with velocity from ensemble future projections, helping to identify model‐independent velocity patterns difficult to capture via rules such as protection of elevational gradients. Such uncertainty analyses are essential for informed application of velocity and other climate exposure metrics.
Update Vulvadermatologie – Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Brägelmann Christine , Wölber Linn , Susok Laura , Anemüller Waltraud , Prüßmann Wiebke , Ivanova Irina , Niebel Dennis 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Vulva stellt als periorifizielles Hautareal eine Übergangszone dar; dies bedingt funktionelle und physiologische Besonderheiten. In der Allgemeinbevölkerung und bei medizinischem Fachpersonal sind Kenntnisse zur Anatomie der Vulva unzureichend; unrealistische Vorstellungen bezüglich des Normalbefundes sind verbreitet. Anatomische Normalvarianten können bei Nichtkenntnis sowohl Patientinnen als auch Untersuchende beunruhigen. Neoplastische Vulvaerkrankungen werden in Deutschland meist durch Fachärztinnen und Fachärzte für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe behandelt, chronisch entzündliche Dermatosen, welche häufig den weiblichen Genitalbereich betreffen (zum Beispiel Psoriasis, atopische Dermatitis, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Vitiligo), überwiegend durch Fachärztinnen und Fachärzte für Haut‐ und Geschlechtskrankheiten. Infektiöse Vulvadermatosen und sexuell übertragbare Infektionen werden gleichermaßen von beiden Fachbereichen versorgt. Einige Dermatosen treten gehäuft an der Vulva auf; die Nomenklatur bedingt eine Verwechslungsgefahr (Lichen sclerosus, Lichen planus, Lichen simplex chronicus). Dieser Artikel bietet eine Übersicht über Grundlagen der Vulvaanatomie und ‐physiologie und gibt Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie der häufigsten Vulvadermatosen mit einem Schwerpunkt auf chronisch entzündliche Dermatosen, um eine praktische Hilfestellung im Alltag für alle beteiligten Behandlerinnen und Behandler zu bieten. Die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und Etablierung von Schwerpunktsprechstunden können die Versorgung verbessern.
Rice Margins Under Climate Change: Labour and Knowledge in Mangrove Rice Networks in Guinea‐Bissau
Authors: Sousa Joana , Dabó Ansumane Braima , Luz Ana Luísa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe effects of climate change add to the challenges facing those with rice‐based livelihoods in West Africa. This article presents a long‐term ethnographic case study in southern Guinea‐Bissau where, in contrast to other reported cases in the region, uncertainty regarding the future of mangrove rice production overlaps with efforts to rehabilitate abandoned mangrove rice paddies. Agricultural knowledge is produced, renewed and transmitted along with the construction of site‐specific, techno‐ecological hybrids needed for water management in rice fields. This article analyses the role of communal, reciprocal and contract labour in the circulation of knowledge between villages with historically stable rice production (rice refugia) and villages where production has been discontinuous (rice margins). Knowledge circulation and experimentation are key to local adaptation to climate change and climate resilience programmes can play a role if they are able to adapt to current needs, for instance, by considering decentralized funding strategies. By promoting the exchange of services and goods, decentralization of funding can facilitate the redistribution of knowledge and labour, particularly if rice refugia, as regional knowledge repositories, participate in the recovery of rice production in rice margins. These connections revitalize and strengthen regional rice knowledge networks and their ability to confront climate change.
A Systematic Review Exploring the Relationship Between Family Factors and Symptom Severity, Relapse and Social or Occupational Functioning in First‐Episode Psychosis
Authors: Keegan Clodagh , Brown Katie , Gaynor Keith 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsResearch on family functioning in psychosis has typically focused on specific family‐related factors and their impact on symptomatology, finding strong associations between high expressed emotion and poor outcomes, especially in those with long‐term illness. The objective of this review is to examine the impact of a broad range of family‐related factors and their relationship with clinical, social, occupational and relational outcomes in first‐episode psychosis (FEP).MethodA systematic search of databases PsycInfo, Pubmed, Embase and CINHAL between 1990 and August 2023 was completed. In total, 1408 articles were screened, and study quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklists for analytical cross‐sectional studies and cohort studies. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse the data.ResultsOf the 1408 identified articles, 80 full‐text articles were screened. Fifteen studies were included for data extraction. The objectives and scope of the selected studies varied considerably. Studies consisted of cross‐sectional and prospective cohort designs. Participants consisted of FEP patients and family members, with the patient age range varying from 15.9 to 30.8 (MD = 24.5). Significant associations were identified between family factors (high EE, family environment and carer burden) and symptom and social outcomes.DiscussionWhile findings emphasised the significant impact of family factors on symptomatic and social outcomes, the literature had significant limitations due to the absence of underlying theoretical models and understanding of the dynamics of distress in families within FEP. Future research should seek to develop a model accounting for such processes.
Changes in pressure distribution of the solar surface after a single trimming event are associated with external hoof measurements in the equine fore foot
Authors: Seery Sarah , Gardiner James , Bates Karl T. , Pinchbeck Gina , Clegg Pete , Ireland Joanne L. , Milner Peter I. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTrimming is critical for a functioning equine hoof. Pressure distribution provides information on loading; however, information on the effects of trimming on pressure distribution is lacking.ObjectivesTo describe the pressure changes of equine fore feet following trimming.Study designCross‐sectional cohort study.MethodsFifty sound horses were recruited. Eighteen external hoof measures of the dorsal, lateral, medial and solar aspects were obtained before and after trimming from 94 fore feet. Horses were walked over a pressure mat before and after trimming and pressure maps of the solar surface created. Percentage change in hoof measures were assessed. Factors associated with an increase in pressure in the frog region after trimming were entered into a forward likelihood ratio logistic regression model. Odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and area under the curve receiver operator characteristics (AUROC) were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at a cut‐off value of p = 0.5.ResultsTrimming resulted in a significant increase in pressure, topographically mapped to the frog region, in 12/94 (13% 95% CI 6; 20) feet. Percentage difference in bearing border length (OR 0.66 95% CI 0.51; 0.86), heel buttress to centre of pressure distance (OR 1.30 95% CI 1.10; 1.53), heel angle (lateral side) (OR 1.11 95% CI 1.04; 1.19) and heel length (medial side) (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.85; 0.99) were retained in the final model associated with increased pressure in the frog region following trimming. AUROC was excellent (0.94 95% CI 0.88; 0.99) with fair sensitivity (58% [95% CI 50; 66]) and excellent specificity (98% [95% CI 78; 118]).Main limitationsSubjective lameness exam; horse velocity unmeasured.ConclusionsMeasuring pressure changes over the solar surface of the equine fore foot after trimming identified that an increased pressure in the frog region was linked to specific changes in hoof shape.
What I Wish I Had Known: Examining Parent Accounts of Managing the Health of Their Child With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Nevill Thom , Keely Jessica , Skoss Rachel , Collins Rachel , Langdon Katherine , Mills Jaquie , Downs Jenny 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAppropriate support for the health of children with an intellectual disability by parents and healthcare professionals is pivotal, given the high risk of chronic conditions. However, there is limited research that has collected important insights from parents on their learnings for supporting their child's evolving healthcare needs.AimThis study focuses on parents' experiences and learnings from managing and supporting the health of their child with intellectual disability. It aims to understand what parents wish they had known earlier, the essential knowledge and skills they needed to manage their child's health.MethodA qualitative study was carried out using semi‐structured interviews with 21 parents of adolescents and young people with intellectual disability. The children had chronic health conditions that fell into six health domains, including (1) difficulties with movement and physical activity, (2) epilepsy, (3) dental care, (4) respiratory health and infection, (5) behaviour, mental health or sleep and (6) gastrointestinal health.ResultsThematic analysis yielded five themes: (1) optimising mutual engagement between healthcare professionals and families; (2) planning and practising effective healthcare; (3) having the right information at the right time; (4) finding the support that was needed and (5) navigating healthcare and disability systems. Over time, parents developed specific skills and knowledge for managing their child's health effectively. Some parents expressed regret for not seeking support and information about their child's health conditions earlier. Parents described how mutual engagement between healthcare professionals and parents optimised the management of their child's healthcare.ConclusionThe study found that managing the health of a child with intellectual disability is complex. The themes were consistent across health comorbidities, indicating important common experiences. The themes aligned with conceptualisations of health literacy, suggesting that improving health literacy skills can help parents better manage their children's health conditions.Patient or Public ContributionWe developed the project in consultation with members of the public who have lived experience of parenting a child with intellectual disability. They commented on the study aims, interview schedule, participant recruitment and provided feedback on the analysis and discussion.