bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitalization of home-based records for maternal, newborn, and child health: a scoping review
Authors: Geldof Marije , Gerlach Nina , Portela Anayda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
At least 163 countries use a form of home-based record, a document to record health information kept at home. These are predominantly paper-based, although some countries are digitalizing home-based records for improved access and use. This scoping review aimed to identify efforts already undertaken for the digitalization of home-based records for maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and lessons learned moving forward, by mapping the available peer-reviewed and grey literature.

Methods
The scoping review was guided by Arskey and O’Malley’s framework. A literature search of references published from 2000 until 2021 was conducted in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, EBM reviews, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore as well as a grey literature search. Title and abstract and full texts were screened in Covidence. A final data extraction sheet was generated in Excel.

Results
The scoping review includes 107 references that cover 120 unique digital interventions. Most of the included references are peer-reviewed articles in English language published after 2015. Of the 120 unique digital interventions, 80 (66.7%) are used in 31 different countries and 40 (33.3%) are globally available pregnancy applications. Out of the 80 digitalization efforts from countries, most are concentrated in high-income countries (n=68, 85%). Maternal health (n=73; 61%) and child health (n=60; 50%) are the main health domains covered; the main users are pregnant women (n=57; 48%) and parents/caregivers (n=43; 36%).

Conclusions
Most digital home-based records for MNCH are centered in high-income countries and revolve around pregnancy applications or portals for home access to health records covering MNCH. Lessons learned indicate that the success of digital home-based records correlates with the usability of the intervention, digital literacy, language skills, ownership of required digital devices, and reliable electricity and internet access. The digitalization of home-based records needs to be considered together with digitizing patient health records.
Evaluation of a results-based financing nutrition intervention for tuberculosis patients in Madhya Pradesh, India, implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Howell Embry , Dammala Rama Rao , Pandey Pratibha , Strouse Darcy , Sharma Atul , Rao Neeta , Nadipally Sudheer , Shah Amar , Rai Varsha , Dowling Russell 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Reducing malnutrition through food supplementation is a critical component of the WHO End Tuberculosis (TB) strategy. A results-based financing (RBF) initiative in Madhya Pradesh, India—called Mukti—introduced an intensive nutrition intervention, including home visits, counseling, food basket distribution, and assistance in obtaining government benefits. Phase 1 of the program (Dhar District), implemented by ChildFund India (ChildFund) and funded by USAID, coincided with the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Under an RBF reimbursement scheme, ChildFund was paid based on treatment retention for 6 months and weight gain of 6 kg for adults.

Methods
The evaluation used a mixed methods approach. Qualitative components included interviews with key informants and focus groups with program participants. Quantitative components included an analysis of program data (i.e., patient demographics, receipt of program services, and weight gain). An impact analysis of retention in treatment used data from a government database. A difference-in-differences model was used to compare results from baseline data and the program period for Dhar District to similar data for the adjacent Jhabua District.

Results
The program was well implemented and appreciated by patients and providers. Patients received an average of 10.2 home visits and 6.2 food baskets. While all age and sex groups gained weight significantly over their 6-month treatment period, there was no program impact on treatment retention. Seventy-six percent of patients achieved both outcome goals. And though average program costs were under budget, ChildFund experienced a loss in the results-based financing scheme, which was covered by USAID to continue program expansion.

Conclusions
Implementing a nutrition supplementation and education program for TB patients in India is feasible. The intervention improved weight gain despite COVID-19-related lockdowns. The Mukti program did not impact treatment retention, which was already high at baseline. Program costs were modest, but the results-based financing reimbursement scheme resulted in a loss for the implementer. Overall, the RBF model led to an increased focus on outcomes for program staff and other stakeholders, which led to more efficient service delivery. Future research should examine total costs (including donated staff time) more extensively to determine the cost-effectiveness of Mukti and similar interventions.
Associations of Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin With Incident Arrhythmias in Men From UK Biobank
Authors: Xu Bingyan , Mo Wei , Tan Xiangliang , Zhang Peizhen , Huang Junlin , Huang Chensihan , Guo Dan , Wei Xueyun , Liu Yating , Lei Xuzhen , Dou Weijuan , Lin Jiayang , Liu Deying , Yang Linjie , Huang Yan , Zhang Huijie , Liao Yunfei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Sex hormones have been identified as cardiovascular risk factors, whereas the relationship between sex hormones and the risk of arrhythmias in men has not yet been well studied in the prospective cohort study.

Objective
To analyze associations of serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations and calculate free testosterone (cFT) with arrhythmias in men.

Methods
Sex hormones were measured at baseline from UK Biobank. Main outcomes were incidence of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), ventricular arrhythmia (VA), and bradyarrhythmia (BA).

Results
Of 173 498 men (aged 37-73 years, followed for 11 years), 11 368 had incident AF, 1646 had incident VA, and 4788 had incident BA. Compared with the third quartiles, the lowest category of serum testosterone was associated with increased risks of AF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.12) and BA (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20) after multivariable adjustment, but no VA. Likewise, similar associations were found between cFT values and AF and BA events. Furthermore, higher levels of cFT were associated with increased risks of AF (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13) and VA (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37). Higher SHBG concentrations were associated with increased risks of AF (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.34-1.54), VA (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.52), and BA (HR, 1.17; 95% CI ,1.05-1.29).

Conclusions
Lower levels of testosterone and cFT were associated with increased risk of AF and BA. Higher cFT levels were associated with increased risk of AF and VA. Higher SHBG levels were associated with increased risk of AF, VA, and BA.
Sonographic Features of Atypical and Initially Missed Parathyroid Adenomas: Lessons Learned From a Single-Center Cohort
Authors: Ilgan Seyfettin , Aydoğan Berna İmge , Emer Özdeş , Anıl Cüneyd , Gürsoy Alptekin , Cesur Mustafa , Bilezikçi Banu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Awareness of typical and atypical ultrasonographic (US) features of parathyroid adenomas (PAs) is crucial since US is the most widely used first-line imaging modality.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to describe the atypical features of PAs on US and other possible factors leading to a false negative examination in a large single-center cohort.

Materials and Methods
The US records of 457 PAs in 445 patients with biochemically proven primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) were evaluated in a prospectively maintained database. Atypical size, composition, shape, echogenicity, location, and vascular pattern on US were noted. For patients who previously had at least one negative US examination in referring centers, the main possible reason was defined accordingly.

Results
The study group included 359 female and 86 male patients with PHPT. Typical sonographic features were observed in 231 PAs (51%), whereas 226 (49%) had at least one atypical US feature. The most common atypical features were atypical size (29%), followed by atypical echogenicity (19%), shape (8%), location (7%), and composition (7%), respectively. There were 122 initially missed PAs in all groups. The most frequent main atypical US features leading to false negative examinations were atypical size (22.1%) and atypical location (18.8%). Inexperience was third most common reason (16.3%) for false negative US examinations.

Conclusions
Almost half of PAs have at least one atypical feature on US. Awareness of the high prevalence of atypical US features could increase the accuracy of US examination and potentially decrease demand for more expensive second-line imaging modalities.
Resistance to Cholesterol Gallstone Disease: Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Chenghao , Dai Wanlin , Yang Shaojie , Wu Shuodong , Kong Jing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD) is one of the most common digestive diseases, and it is closely associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol gallstones may be caused by abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism, such as excessive cholesterol biosynthesis within the liver, interfering with the uptake or export of cholesterol in the liver, and abnormal hepatic cholesterol esterification. In this review, we begin with a brief overview of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease (GSD). Then, we briefly describe the major processes of hepatic cholesterol metabolism and summarize the key molecular expression changes of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in patients with gallstones. We review and analyze the recent advances in elucidating the relationships between these key molecules and CGD, and some targets significantly impacting on CGD via hepatic cholesterol metabolism are also listed. We also provide a significant discussion on the relationship between CGD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Finally, the new discoveries of some therapeutic strategies associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolism to prevent and treat CGD are summarized.
Performance of a Nonlinear Magnetic Handheld Probe for Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Detection: A Phantom Study
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Eliane R. , Mir Nida , Horstman-van de Loosdrecht Melissa M. , Meeuwis Antoi P. W. , de Bakker Maarten G. J. , Scheenen Tom W. J. , Alic Lejla 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study investigates the performance of the DiffMag handheld probe (nonlinear magnetometry), to be used for sentinel lymph node detection. Furthermore, the performance of DiffMag is compared with a gamma probe and a first-order magnetometer (Sentimag®, linear magnetometry).

Methods
The performance of all three probes was evaluated based on longitudinal distance, transverse distance, and resolving power for two tracer volumes. A phantom was developed to investigate the performance of the probes for a clinically relevant situation in the floor of the mouth (FOM).

Results
Considering the longitudinal distance, both DiffMag handheld and Sentimag® probe had comparable performance, while the gamma probe was able to detect at least a factor of 10 deeper. Transverse distances of 13, 11, and 51 mm were measured for the small tracer volume by the DiffMag handheld, Sentimag®, and the gamma probe, respectively. For the large tracer volume this was 21, 18, and 55 mm, respectively. The full width at half maximum, at 7 mm probe height from the phantom surface, was 14, 12, and 18 mm for the small tracer volume and 15, 18, and 25 mm for the large tracer volume with the DiffMag handheld, Sentimag®, and gamma probe, respectively.

Conclusions
With a high resolving power but limited longitudinal distance, the DiffMag handheld probe seems suitable for detecting SLNs which are in close proximity to the primary tumor. In this study, comparable results were shown using linear magnetometry. The gamma probe reached 10 times deeper, but has a lower resolving power compared with the DiffMag handheld probe.
Perfusion MRI in the evaluation of brain metastases: current practice review and rationale for study of baseline MR perfusion imaging prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (STARBEAM-X)
Authors: Dobeson Caroline Beverley , Birkbeck Matthew , Bhatnagar Priya , Hall Julie , Pearson Rachel , West Serena , English Philip , Butteriss David , Perthen Joanna , Lewis Joanne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery is an established focal treatment for brain metastases with high local control rates. An important side-effect of stereotactic radiosurgery is the development of radionecrosis. On conventional MR imaging, radionecrosis and tumour progression often have similar appearances, but have contrasting management approaches. Perfusion MR imaging is often used in the post-treatment setting in order to help distinguish between the two, but image interpretation can be fraught with challenges.
Perfusion MR plays an established role in the baseline and post-treatment evaluation of primary brain tumours and a number of studies have concentrated on the value of perfusion imaging in brain metastases. Of the parameters generated, relative cerebral blood volume is the most widely used variable in terms of its clinical value in differentiating between radionecrosis and tumour progression. Although it has been suggested that the relative cerebral blood volume tends to be elevated in active metastatic disease following treatment with radiosurgery, but not with treatment-related changes, the literature available on interpretation of the ratios provided in the context of defining tumour progression is not consistent.
This article aims to provide an overview of the role perfusion MRI plays in the assessment of brain metastases and introduces the rationale for the STARBEAM-X study (Study of assessment of radionecrosis in brain metastases using MR perfusion extra imaging), which will prospectively evaluate baseline perfusion imaging in brain metastases. We hope this will allow insight into the vascular appearance of metastases from different primary sites, and aid in the interpretation of post-treatment perfusion imaging.
Air embolism after CT-guided localization of pulmonary ground-glass nodules
Authors: Sun Shi-long , Yang Zeng-jian , Sun Hong-liang , Huang Zhen-guo , Xu Yan-yan , Wang Yu-li , Gao Bao-xiang , Li Chuan-dong 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To investigate the incidence of air embolism (AE) related to CT-guided localization of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).

Methods:
The data of all patients who received CT-guided localization of GGNs before VATS from May 2020 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
A total of 1395 consecutive patients with 1553 GGNs were enrolled. AEs occurred in seven patients (0.5%). In four of the seven patients with AE, the embolism was detected before the patients left the CT table and emergency treatments were carried out. Among them, one patient had chest tightness and unilateral limb dyskinesia, one patient had convulsions and transient loss of consciousness, and two patients had no definite clinical symptoms. After a short-term high-flow oxygen inhalation, the clinical symptoms of two patients with symptomatic AE disappeared and two patients with asymptomatic AE did not show any symptoms. In the remaining three patients with AE, the embolism were detected retrospectively when evaluating the images in the PACS for this study. Fortunately, these three patients never developed clinical symptoms related to AE. All seven patients with AE underwent VATS on the day of localization and all GGNs were successfully removed under the guidance of markers.

Conclusion:
The incidence of AE related to CT-guided localization of GGNs was 0.5%, which was significantly higher than expected. Post-localization whole thoracic CT should be performed and observed carefully so as to avoid missed AE and delayed treatment.

Advances in knowledge:
The incidence of AE related to CT-guided localization of GGNs was 0.5%. In order to timely detect AE, whole thoracic CT scan rather than local CT in the lesion area should be performed after localization. A small amount of AE may be missed if the post- localization CT images are not carefully observed.
Imaging findings of intraventricular pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Korkmazer Bora , Arslan Serdar , Onal Emine Meltem , Ozogul Murat , Urganci Nil , Isler Cihan , Comunoglu Nil , Kizilkilic Osman , Kocer Naci , Islak Civan 
Published: September 2023

Objective
The aim of this study is to present the clinical and imaging findings of 16 patients with intraventricular pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs).

Methods
16 patients with histopathological diagnosis of intraventricular PA between February 2016 and January 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Imaging and clinical findings of the patients, as well as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements were analyzed.

Results
Of 16 patients, 8 (%50) were male and 8 (%50) were female. The mean age of the patients was 20.8 years (2–44 years range). The most common symptoms in the patients were headache and ataxia. The mean long-axis size of lesions was found to be 48.19 ± 21.59 (range, 15–92 mm). 9 out of 16 lesions (56.2%) were located in the fourth ventricle. The majority of the lesions were iso-hypointense in T1W and hyperintense in T2W images. The mean ADC value of PAs was 1.57 × 10−3 ± 0.2 mm2/s, while the mean thalamic ADC and white matter ADC values were found to be 0.78 × 10-3 ± 0.04 and 0.76 × 10-3 ± 0.06 mm2/s, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the ADC values obtained from the solid components of the lesions and the thalami/white matter (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
PAs often originate from midline structures, however, they can also be located intraventricularly. Although intraventricular PAs are frequently seen in pediatric population, it should be kept in mind that they can also be seen in adults, albeit rarely.

Advances in knowledge
PA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular neoplasms in case of high ADC values.
Differences between left adrenal vein sampling sites revealed with segmental sampling in primary aldosteronism
Authors: Tannai Hiromitsu , Makita Kohzoh , Nakai Kazuki , Sato Yuko , Tsurutani Yuya , Saito Jun , Matsui Seishi , Nishikawa Tetsuo 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To clarify the differences between two left sampling sites (left adrenal central vein [LCV] and common trunk [CMT], conjunction with LCV and inferior phrenic vein) and their impact on adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in primary aldosteronism by analyzing the results of segmental AVS (sAVS). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a final cohort of 432 patients who underwent cosyntropin-stimulated sAVS from 2017 to 2020. Hormone levels in the LCV and the CMT were compared. Subtype diagnosis was based on the lateralization index with LCV and CMT sampling (a cutoff value of 4) and sAVS after excluding patients with a selectivity index (SI) <3. Results: Compared with the LCV, CMT sampling showed significantly lower aldosterone and cortisol levels and a higher proportion of cases with an SI of <3 (2.8% vs 0.5%, p = 0.025) and <5 (6.9% vs 0.5%, p < 0.001), while the aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio and the lateralization index were not significantly different. Subtyping of both sites was concordant in 94.7% (393/415) and discordant in the remainder, which included left and right aldosterone-producing adenoma and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism cases referring to the sAVS. There was no significant difference between the concordance rate of the two sampling sites based on the sAVS diagnosis. Conclusions: LCV sampling meets the SI criteria for successful AVS more frequently compared with CMT sampling, but neither was better than the other in terms of diagnosis under conditions of meeting the criteria. Advances in knowledge: LCV sampling would decrease the number of cases judged as AVS failure.
Fat quantification of the rotator cuff muscles using CT histogram analysis in comparison with Dixon MRI sequence
Authors: Oh Jiseon , Yoo Hye Jin , Chae Hee Dong , Choi Ja-Young , Hong Sung Hwan 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
To quantify the proportion of fat within the rotator cuff muscles using CT histogram analysis (HA) and to compare fat fraction (FF) values obtained from CT and T2*-corrected 6-echo three-dimensional gradient-echo Dixon sequences.

Methods:
Twenty-six patients who underwent both shoulder CT and MRI were enrolled. The FF of rotator cuff muscles was measured on FF maps of the Dixon technique. Using CT, the FF values were obtained in two ways: 1) CT mean Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurement-based fat quantification using subcutaneous fat and the teres major muscle as internal standards; and 2) CT HA-based fat quantification in which pixels from −190 to −30 HU were arbitrarily classified as fat, and those from −30 to 150 HU as muscle. Afterward, the relationship between FF values from MRI (FF-MR), CT mean HU-based analysis (FF-HU), and CT HA (FF-HA) was assessed.

Results:
There were strong positive correlations (p &lt; 0.001) between FF-MR and FF-HA, which were higher when compared with FF-HU (r = 0.90 vs. 0.77 for total). For a total of 104 rotator cuff muscles, the intraclass correlation between FF-MR and FF-HA was excellent (ICC, 0.90), which was higher than that between FF-MR and FF-HU (ICC, 0.76). The ICCs showed excellent interobserver agreement between FF-MR, FF-HU, and FF-HA (ICCs, 0.93–0.96).

Conclusions:
Fat quantification within the rotator cuff muscles using CT HA is both feasible and reliable.

Advances in knowledge:
CT HA provides reliable quantification of intramuscular fat and has strengths regarding its retrospective applicability to conventional CT studies without additional radiation dose to subjecting patients.