bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DCUN1D1, a new molecule involved in depigmentation via upregulating CXCL10
Authors: Zhao Yan , Hu Yebei , Shen Qingmei , Xiong Renxue , Song Xiuzu , Guan Cuiping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCD8+ T cells in the lesioned site play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The chemokine CXCL10 secreted by keratinocytes regulates the migration of CD8+ T cells into the skin. In our previous study, we found that DCUN1D1 expression in vitiligo lesions positively correlates with Cxcl10 expression. In this study, the regulatory effect of DCUN1D1 on CXCL10 and cell function was investigated. DCUN1D1 protein expression was significantly higher in the skin tissue from vitiligo lesions compared with samples from healthy controls. High expression of DCUN1D1 in keratinocytes caused local hair depigmentation in mice, reduced melanin content, high infiltration of CD8+ T cells and increased CXCL10 expression. This suggested that DCUN1D1 may regulate CD8+ T‐cell infiltration and depigmentation through CXCL10. Inhibition of DCUN1D1 expression in HaCaT cells abolished the IFN‐γ‐induced upregulation of p‐JAK1, p‐STAT1 and CXCL10, suppressed the H2O2‐induced ROS generation and apoptosis, and upregulated tyrosinase expression in melanocytes. Collectively, these results show that DCUN1D1 is an important regulator of CXCL10 and may be a new target for the treatment of vitiligo.
The end of ESG
Authors: Edmans Alex 
Published: December 2022

AbstractESG is both extremely important and nothing special. It's extremely important because it's critical to long‐term value, and so any academic or practitioner should take it seriously, not just those with “ESG” in their research interests or job title. Thus, ESG doesn't need a specialized term, as that implies it's niche—considering long‐term factors isn't ESG investing; it's investing. It's nothing special since it's no better or worse than other intangible assets that create long‐term financial and social returns, such as management quality, corporate culture, and innovative capability. Companies shouldn't be praised more for improving their ESG performance than these other intangibles; investor engagement on ESG factors shouldn't be put on a pedestal compared to engagement on other value drivers. We want great companies, not just companies that are great at ESG.
Earlier leaf senescence dates are constrained by soil moisture
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Wu Chaoyang , Liu Ying , Peñuelas Josep , Peng Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented warming that has occurred in recent decades has led to later autumn leaf senescence dates (LSD) throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Yet, great uncertainties still exist regarding the strength of these delaying trends, especially in terms of how soil moisture affects them. Here we show that changes in soil moisture in 1982–2015 had a substantial impact on autumn LSD in one‐fifth of the vegetated areas in the Northern Hemisphere (>30° N), and how it contributed more to LSD variability than either temperature, precipitation or radiation. We developed a new model based on soil‐moisture‐constrained cooling degree days (CDDSM) to characterize the effects of soil moisture on LSD and compared its performance with the CDD, Delpierre and spring‐influenced autumn models. We show that the CDDSM model with inputs of temperature and soil moisture outperformed the three other models for LSD modelling and had an overall higher correlation coefficient (R), a lower root mean square error and lower Akaike information criterion (AIC) between observations and model predictions. These improvements were particularly evident in arid and semi‐arid regions. We studied future LSD using the CDDSM model under two scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585) and found that predicted LSD was 4.1 ± 1.4 days and 5.8 ± 2.8 days earlier under SSP126 and SSP585, respectively, than other models for the end of this century. Our study therefore reveals the importance of soil moisture in regulating autumn LSD and, in particular, highlights how coupling this effect with LSD models can improve simulations of the response of vegetation phenology to future climate change.
THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF MANDATORY REEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS: COMBINING A STRUCTURAL MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Authors: Maibom Jonas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article estimates a model of job search with utility costs and benefits triggered by mandatory reemployment programs. I use data from an experiment that generates exogenous variation in the threat of program participation and an increase in the job finding rate. I calculate the impact of the experiment on worker welfare, and find that participants would be willing to give up 1.5–1.7 weeks of unemployment benefits to avoid participation. These welfare costs vary across workers and are larger for workers with weaker employment prospects. Overall, welfare costs are substantial and therefore important to take into account.
Serum Bile Acids in Cattle: Diurnal Variations and Variations Due to Stage of Lactation
Authors: Olsson T. 
Published: December 2022

SummarySerum bile acid (SBA) concentrations in dairy cows were determined by an enzymatic method (Enzabile®, Nyegaard, Norway). The method showed a good reproducibility and an acceptable accuracy for routine determination of SBA in dairy cows. Storage of serum at —20 C for up to 210 days did not intluence the SBA concentration.Tlie SBA concentrations varied considerably between individual cows (mean 37.4μmol/l, S. D. 25.5 μmol/l, range 5—180 μmol/1) but did not show any significant diurnal variation. Thus, in contrast to what is reported from monogastric species, no postprandial increase was observed in cattle. There was no effect of parity or season, whereas a successive and significant decrease of the SBA levels was imticed through lactation.
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in eyes with angle recession glaucoma
Authors: Abdi Rhizlane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe the results of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in eyes with angle recession glaucoma.Methods: a retrospective case series of 8 eyes of 8 patients with history of non‐penetrating injury to the eye resulted in angle recession glaucoma. All eyes underwent SLT. Post‐treatment, the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, additional need for intervention, and complications were recorded. Success of treatment was defined as an IOP reduction of 20% or reduction in medications and maintaining target IOP without further intervention during follow up period of more than 3 months.Results: Mean patient age was 44 years, 6 males and 2 females. Mean pre‐ and post‐SLT IOP were 20.31 ± 3.59 and 15.04 ± 3.13 mmHg, respectively. IOP decreased significantly in all follow‐up visits. SLT treatment resulted in decreased IOP by 21% in 2 patients and by 25% with reduced medication burden in 4 patients and reduced medication burden in 2 patients who stopped glaucoma medication with no significant change in IOP (from 10 to 14 mmHg) at last follow up visit at 45 months.Conclusions: SLT is a safe procedure that cloud be a reasonable alternative management in angle recession glaucoma when patients are unwilling to try medical or surgical intervention.
Exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR‐B does not induce apoptosis in the rat lens in vivo during the first 24 hours
Authors: Galichanin Konstantin , Falkman Lovisa , Yu Zhaohua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the time evolution of active caspase 3 in the rat lens after in vivo exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR‐B.Methods: Twenty six‐week‐old female albino Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to subthreshold dose (1 kJ/m2) of UVR‐B unilaterally and sacrificed at 1, 8, 16 and 24 h after exposure. Lenses were enucleated and active caspase 3 protein was detected by Western Blot. The time evolution was then plotted as a function of relative mean difference in active caspase 3 between exposed and nonexposed lenses.Results: There is expression of active caspase 3 in both exposed and nonexposed lenses but there is no difference in relative mean difference in active caspase 3 between exposed and nonexposed lenses in all four postexposure groups.Conclusions: Exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR‐B does not induce apoptosis in the rat lens in vivo within first 24 hours. Apoptosis occurs in the rat lens independently from the exposure to subthreshold dose of UVR‐B.
Dyschromatopsia in multiple sclerosis reflects diffuse chronic neurodegeneration beyond anatomical landmarks
Authors: González Antonio Barreiro , Sanz Maria T. , Carratalà‐Boscà Sara , Pérez‐Miralles Francisco , Alcalá Carmen , España‐Gregori Enrique , Casanova Bonaventura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To formulate and validate a dyschromatopsia linear regression model in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods: 64 MS patients (50 to formulate the model and 14 for its validation) underwent neurological (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS), colour vision (Farnsworth D15 test), and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and retinal evaluation with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). Neuroradiological examination permitted to obtain brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and cervical spinal cord volume (SC). Ophthalmic parameters were calculated as the average of both non‐optic neuritis (ON) eyes, and in case the patient had previous ON, the value of the fellow non‐ON eye was taken. The influence of sex, age, disease duration and history of disease‐modifying treatment (first‐ or second‐line DMT) was tested as covariables that could influence colour perception.Results: Colour confusion index (log CCI) correlated with pRNFL (r = −0.322, p = 0.009), ganglion cell layer (GCL, r = −0.321, p = 0.01), BPF (r = −0.287, p = 0.021), SC volume (r = −0.33, p = 0.008), patients' age (r = 0.417, p = 0.001), disease duration (r = 0.371, p = 0.003) and EDSS (r = 0.44, p = 0.001). The following CCI equation was obtained: log (CCI) = 0.316–0.224 BPF –0.187 SC volume (mm3) +0.226 age (years) +0.012 disease duration (years) −0.372 GCL (μm).Conclusions: CCI correlates with MS clinical and paraclinical established biomarkers suggesting chronic diffuse neurodegeneration in MS operates at brain, SC and retina linking all three compartments. Colour vision outcome can be calculated through the aforementioned variables for clinical and research purposes.
Signal shadowing during intraoperative optical coherence tomography assisted vitreoretinal surgery: A systemic analysis
Authors: Reyna Erick Carlos , Öztek Melisa , Binder Susanne , Stieger Knut , Lytvynchuk Lyubomyr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To analyse the clinical significance of signal shadowing during intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) assisted vitreoretinal surgery (PPV) caused by vitreoretinal instruments (VRI), dyes, and vitreous substitutes and to quantify its impact on iOCT imaging.Methods: In this retrospective observational study, imaging data from thirty‐five (35) patients undergoing an iOCT‐assisted PPV with Rescan® 700 (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) were analysed. The iOCT image data were divided into three groups: VRI (17 cases), tissue dyes (8 cases), and vitreous substitutes (10 cases). The images were then post‐processed using a graphic software (histogram, grey level (GL)) and compared with paired image controls without clinically perceptive interference to measure the grade of picture quality distortion. Data were statistically analysed.Results: The intraocular portion of all VRI caused a high average GL interference compared to controls (26.9 ± 2.3 vs. 35.9 ± 0.83; p < 0.05), obscuring the area of interest. The instruments' tips produced a low‐grade shadowing, allowing the underlying tissue to be distinguished. The stains analysed demonstrated a wide interference range, indocyanine green (9.2 ± 1.4) and triamcinolon acetonide (13.9 ± 10.0) showed a high shadowing, while lutein‐based dye (38.4 ± 6.4) and Brilliant Blue (39.9 ± 3.3) exhibited no significant distortion. All vitreous substitutes analysed showed an insignificant shadowing effect on iOCT (Air 42.9 ± 5.1, PFCL 46.0 ± 5.1 vs. 44.5 ± 0.32; p < 0.05).Conclusions: All intraocular instruments showed a significant image interference during iOCT assisted surgery. All dyes except Brilliant Blue produced additional shadowing effect compared to controls. Implementation of new imaging techniques or/and materials with low‐grade interference for surgical instruments could overcome a clinically relevant shadow effect on iOCT and maximize the technology's visual accuracy.
Association of transforming growth factor beta induced mutations with congenital and juvenile onset open angle glaucoma
Authors: Gupta Viney , Panigrahi Arnav , Somarajan Bindu , Gupta Shikha , Tripathy Koushik , Singh Abhishek , Sharma Anshul , Kishore Krishna , Pradhan Dibyabhaba , Sharma Arundhati 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the molecular basis of congenital glaucoma in a family with GAPO (growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and progressive optic atrophy) syndrome.Methods: We report ocular features of three girls with GAPO syndrome born of consanguineous marriage in a multi‐ generation consanguineous family. The proband (4 year old girl) and her younger sibling (1 year old girl) were operated for bilateral congenital glaucoma in both eyes. The elder sibling (10 year old female) had features of GAPO syndrome but did not manifest features of glaucoma.Results: A genetic evaluation using whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous ANTXR1 mutation in all 3 affected siblings with GAPO. No other mutations were detected in the genes associated with glaucoma. A rare missense mutation in Transforming Growth Factor Beta Induced (TGFBI) gene was shared in the two siblings with congenital glaucoma and GAPO syndrome. We then looked for the presence of TGFBI gene mutations in another cohort of 54 unrelated patients with early onset glaucoma (before 25 years of age) in whom Whole exome sequencing was previously done and no known glaucoma mutations were detected. We found three TGFBI mutations present in three unrelated juvenile onset open angle glaucoma (JOAG) patients, one of whom also had an associated corneal granular dystrophy. None of these patients had any other mutations associated with known genes for glaucoma.Conclusions: Mutations in TGFBI gene could have a role in the pathogenesis of congenital and juvenile onset open angle glaucoma.References1. Pang CP, Fan BJ, Canlas O, Wang DY, Dubois S, Tam PO, Lam DS, Raymond V, Ritch R. A genome‐wide scan maps a novel juvenile‐onset primary open angle glaucoma locus to chromosome 5q. Mol Vis. 2006;12:85–92.2. Kim JE, Han MS, Bae YC, Kim HK, Kim TI, Kim EK, Kim IS. Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor‐beta‐induced gene, beta igh3, in the mouse eye. Mol Vis. 2007;13:1942–52. doi: v13/a219.
Assessment of visual function and the neuroretina in subjects diagnosed with colour blindness
Authors: Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Mallen Victor , Palomar Elisa Viladés , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Altabás María José Vicente , Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , Munuera Inés , Fuertes María Isabel , Garcia‐Martin Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To assess whether the existence of colour vision deficiency or colour blindness involves impairment of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and colour vision and results in variations in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, macular area, retinal ganglion cell complex and retinal layers that contain photoreceptors (bastons and cones) versus subjects with normal colour vision within the same age and gender distribution.Methods: Cross‐sectional and observational study including 50 eyes of subjects with colour blindness and 50 eyes of control subjects. Visual function (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and colour vision) and neuroretinal structure were assessed in all subjects using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Results: Significant thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer and retina were observed in the colour blindness group. Significant thinning was also recorded in layers that involve photoreceptor nuclei (between the outer limiting layer and the Bruch membrane and between the outer plexiform layer and the outer limiting membrane).Conclusions: Significantly reduced thicknesses in the RNFL and several retinal layers (ganglion cell and photoreceptor layers) were found, demonstrating that colour blindness is associated with thinning in retinal and RNFL thickness, and in the retinal layers that involve photoreceptor nuclei. OCT study with retinal segmentation therefore seems to be a marker of colour blindness of utility in clinical practice in the case of doubt regarding diagnosis. This analysis could be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of potential therapies such as gene treatment.
Autophagy and inflammation related RNA levels are elevated in Finnish age‐related macular degeneration patient blood serum
Authors: Liukkonen Mikko , Ghimire Bishwa , Kivinen Niko , Siintamo Leea , Koskela Ali , Kaarniranta Kai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Patients with wet age‐related macular degeneration (wAMD) exhibit altered levels of genetic and epigenetic material in their systemic circulation. Cellular level processes related to autophagy and inflammation have previously been shown to associate with wAMD and its progression. Thus, measuring RNA levels in peripheral blood may help understand the causes of wAMD, explain why there exist differences in patient response to treatments, and find genetic commonalities between other diseases and wAMD.Methods: Blood samples as well as patient characteristics were collected from 63 wAMD patients and 65 controls. Serum was separated and Illumina Stranded Total RNA library preparation kits were used for RNA‐sequencing. Data was processed and analysed for differentially expressed (DE) genes in R using the edgeR package.Results: Preliminary results show that, among others, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta 2 (MAP1LC3B2) levels are significantly elevated (p = 0.028, logFC = 1.631) in Finnish wAMD patients compared to the control group. Higher levels of ankyrin 3 (ANK3) and cluster of differentiation 96 (CD96) were found in the control group (p = 0.001, logFC = −1.805; p = 0.002, logFC = −1.725). In addition, MAP1LC3B2 levels were elevated in patients with blood pressure medication (p = 0.025, logFC = 1.943).Conclusions: LC3B2, produced by MAP1LC3B2, is a member of LC3 protein family involved in autophagosomal vacuole formation and mitophagy. Significant changes in the expression of LC3 family members can be a sign of issues in the autophagic process. Ankyrin‐3 is part of the cytoskeleton structure and takes part in vesicle‐mediated transport. Ankyrins have been found to have notable interactions with the LC3 family. CD96 promotes immune cell adhesion during late‐stage immune response, helping movement in inflamed areas. Though we have found several DE genes, further analysis is needed to better understand these differences and their interplay with the various patient characteristics.
chronic glaucoma in rats induced by single injection of fibronectin‐loaded PLGA microspheres
Authors: Munuera Ines , Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , Altabás María José Vicente , Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Mallen Victor , Palomar Elisa Viladés , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Pablo Luis , Rodrigo Maria Jesus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To generate a model of chronic glaucoma in rats, by means of a single injection that simulates the pathology that occurs in humans.Methods: A total of 47 Long‐Evans rats of both sexes were used; 30 rats received an intracameral injection of a suspension of fibronectin‐loaded poly‐lactic‐glycolic acid microspheres into the right eye, and the other 17 served as controls. They were followed up for 24 weeks, evaluating intraocular pressure (IOP) with a rebound tonometer, neuro‐retinal structure by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with segmentation protocols for the analysis of the entire retina, the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL); as well as retinal functionality by electroretinography (ERG).Results: The IOP of the induced eyes increased progressively and chronically (11.64 ± 1.43 to 21.89 ± 3.94 mmHg) compared to the controls (p = 0.025) and with higher levels than the contralateral eyes (p < 0.05) until week 20, when this trend reversed. The induced eyes showed fluctuations in OCT retinal thickness over time. A trend of less thickness in the retina and GCL was measured in the induced eye and its contralateral eye; but at the end of the study, greater thicknesses were quantified than in the control eyes (p = 0.036). In addition, a lower ERG signal was recorded in the induced eyes. Ganglion cell functionality progressively decreased and was lower than contralateral eyes and control eyes at 12 and 24 weeks (p < 0.05). Males showed higher IOP (p < 0.05), greater thicknesses in the retina and lesser in the GCL and pRNFL (p < 0.05), with decreased functionality at 12 and 24 weeks compared to females.Conclusions: A minimally invasive chronic glaucoma model was obtained using single‐injection by pharmaceutical technology, which produced a progressive increase in intraocular pressure and structural and functional neuro‐retinal damage.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of idebenone in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in the chronic phase: Results from the prospective, natural history‐controlled LEROS study
Authors: Yu‐Wai‐Man Patrick , Carelli Valerio , Tomasso Livia , Klopstock Thomas ,   the LEROS study group
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: LHON is a rare mitochondrial disorder which results in bilateral vision loss. Idebenone is approved in Europe for the treatment of LHON, but relatively little controlled data exists to support use in chronic patients. Here, we report primary results from LEROS, a Phase 4, externally controlled interventional study in patients with chronic LHON (1 to ≤5 years since onset) treated with idebenone for up to 24 months.Methods: Patients with LHON onset ≤5 years prior were enrolled and stratified by time since onset: subacute/dynamic (≤1 year) and chronic (>1 but ≤5 years). Visual acuity (VA) outcomes from 181 patients, treated for up to 24 months were compared to retrospective data from an external natural history (NH) cohort (N = 372) matched by time since onset. Outcome measures, from baseline, were clinically relevant recovery (CRR): improvement from ‘off‐chart’ VA to at least 1.6 logMAR, or a ≥0.2 logMAR improvement if already ‘on‐chart’; clinically relevant stabilization (CRS): maintenance of VA <1.0 logMAR; and clinically relevant benefit (CRB): reaching a CRR, a CRS, or both.Results: As was observed in the subacute/dynamic phase, the frequency of a CRB from baseline at 12 months was significantly higher in treated, chronic eyes than in matched NH eyes (50.3% [72/143] vs. 38.6% [59/153] [p = 0.0087]). This difference was largely driven by a higher proportion of eyes with a CRR of visual acuity (VA) (32.9% [47/143] vs. 19.6% [30/153] [p = 0.0034]). The distribution of patients between VA categories changed over the study duration. At baseline, 34.5% of patient's best VA was off‐chart, with 35.6% between 1.0–1.68 logMAR, and 29.9% < 1.0 logMAR. By 24 months, these proportions had changed to 16.4, 41.8 and 41.8%, respectively.Conclusions: LEROS provides evidence of a significant therapeutic benefit of idebenone treatment in patients with LHON in the chronic stage up to 5 years from onset.