bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on blood levels of omega-3s in people with chronic atherosclerotic disease: a systematic review
Authors: Nayda Nicole C , Thomas Jolene M , Delaney Christopher L , Miller Michelle D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Context
Atherosclerosis is a systemic pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative disease, accounting for approximately a third of deaths globally. It has been proposed that omega-3s, through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, mitigate atherosclerotic disease progression. However, due to the systemic pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative state of atherosclerosis, it is proposed that patients with atherosclerotic disease may have higher omega-3 requirements than the average requirement, due to increased nutrient utilization in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant processes.

Objective
The aim of this review was to determine what dose and duration of omega-3 supplementation is required to reach a therapeutic blood level of omega-3s (eicosapentaenoic acid ≥150 µg/mL or omega-3 index ≥8%) in people with chronic atherosclerotic disease.

Data Sources
This systematic review comprehensively searched MEDLINE, Emcare, Scopus, and CINAHL using key search terms for atherosclerotic disease, omega-3, supplementation, and blood levels of omega-3s.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers independently screened 529 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supplementing omega-3s in patients with chronic atherosclerotic disease.

Data Analysis
In total, 25 journal articles from 17 original RCTs were included and assessed quantitatively. Supplementation at 1.8 g to 3.4 g per day for a 3-month–6-month duration, and at 4.4 g and above for as little as 1 month–6 months were identified as the most effective dosage ranges for increasing blood levels of omega-3s to therapeutic levels in people with atherosclerotic disease.

Conclusions
Consideration should be given to routine omega-3 supplementation and to increasing the omega-3 dietary recommendations and upper limits of daily intake to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of cardiac mortality in this population.
Investigations of Spatial Attention
Authors: Ellison Amanda 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter will discuss the combined use of transcranial stimulation and visual psychophysics tasks such as visual search in the scientific investigation of human attention. Historically, the identification of the neural network involved in spatial attention have been identified via neuropsychology. However, in latter years, discrete manipulation of nodes on this network using neurostimulation provides a window not only on whether a region is critically involved in the processing of such tasks, but when they are involved. There is also the opportunity to understand the directionality of communication between these regions and indeed their contingency upon one another. The critical involvement of the posterior parietal lobe, V5, superior temporal gyrus, the frontal eye fields, and lateral occipital regions are discussed with respect to their crucial, distinctive, and shared roles in visuospatial attention.
Elucidation of the liver pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients using liver-on-a-chips
Authors: Deguchi Sayaka , Kosugi Kaori , Hashimoto Rina , Sakamoto Ayaka , Yamamoto Masaki , Krol Rafal P , Gee Peter , Negoro Ryosuke , Noda Takeshi , Yamamoto Takuya , Torisawa Yu-suke , Nagao Miki , Takayama Kazuo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 induces severe organ damage not only in the lung but also in the liver, heart, kidney, and intestine. It is known that COVID-19 severity correlates with liver dysfunction, but few studies have investigated the liver pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients. Here, we elucidated liver pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients using organs-on-a-chip technology and clinical analyses. First, we developed liver-on-a-chip (LoC) which recapitulating hepatic functions around the intrahepatic bile duct and blood vessel. We found that hepatic dysfunctions, but not hepatobiliary diseases, were strongly induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of COVID-19 drugs to inhibit viral replication and recover hepatic dysfunctions, and found that the combination of anti-viral and immunosuppressive drugs (Remdesivir and Baricitinib) is effective to treat hepatic dysfunctions caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we analyzed the sera obtained from COVID-19 patients, and revealed that COVID-19 patients, who were positive for serum viral RNA, are likely to become severe and develop hepatic dysfunctions, as compared with COVID-19 patients who were negative for serum viral RNA. We succeeded in modeling the liver pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients using LoC technology and clinical samples.
Assessing the variety of collaborative practices in translational research: An analysis of scientists’ ego-networks
Authors: Díaz-Faes Adrián A , Llopis Oscar , D’Este Pablo , Molas-Gallart Jordi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Translational research policies aim to reshape how biomedical scientists organize, conceive, and conduct science in order to accelerate healthcare improvements and medical innovations. Yet most analyses and evaluations of these initiatives focus on measuring the outputs generated in the different stages of the research process rather than observing scientists’ research practices directly. In this article, we analyze the collaboration networks formed by the biomedical scientists participating in a large translational research initiative. Based on data derived from a large-scale survey, we examine the network configurations established by biomedical scientists to advance their research in the context of the CIBER program—a Spanish flagship initiative aimed at supporting translational research. We adopt an ego-network perspective and draw on three network attributes—network diversity, tie strength, and tie content—to understand how scientists use their interpersonal connections to mobilize tangible and intangible resources and enable the translation of scientific knowledge into practical applications. Our cluster analysis identifies a range of scientist profiles: downstream-oriented scientists, upstream-oriented scientists, and brokering scientists. It shows that the scientists participating in the CIBER program deploy different types of collaborative behavior and engage in a variety of medical innovation activities. This suggests that the results achieved by a research program aimed at supporting collaborative networks will depend on the types of networks in which the participating scientists engage. Consequently, evaluations of these programs need to capture collaboration patterns, and should focus primarily on the collaborative process rather than the outputs that emerge from the collaboration.
Competition, open innovation, and growth challenges in the semiconductor industry: the case of Europe’s clusters
Authors: Huggins Robert , Johnston Andrew , Munday Max , Xu Chen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, public policymakers in Europe have become increasingly aware of the need to support Europe’s failing semiconductor industry. This is an emerging policy area, and this paper examines the current state of the industry in Europe and assesses its potential future. It contends that the competitiveness of the industry will be related to its innovative capacity, especially its capability to engage in processes of open innovation. The industry in Europe is largely located in a number of discrete regional clusters, and the analysis focuses on data collected from a series of interviews with lead representatives of these clusters. The analysis indicates that the challenges facing the industry stem from the structure of the industry in Europe and the structure of the wider European technology industry. It is concluded that policies, such as the introduction of the European Chips Act, are likely to have a limited, or even negative, impact on the types of open innovation–led growth that will improve long-term competitiveness.
Safety and pharmacodynamics of a single infusion of danavorexton in adults with idiopathic hypersomnia
Authors: Mignot Emmanuel , Bogan Richard K , Emsellem Helene , Foldvary-Schaefer Nancy , Naylor Melissa , Neuwirth Rachel , Faessel Hélène , Swick Todd , Olsson Tina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesIdiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness unexplained by another disorder or drug/medication use. Although the orexin system plays a role in sleep-wake regulation, orexin A levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are normal in people with IH. This phase 1b, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study aimed to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of danavorexton, a small-molecule orexin-2 receptor agonist, in adults with IH.MethodsAdults with IH aged 18–75 years were randomized to one of two treatment sequences of single intravenous infusions of danavorexton 112 mg and placebo. Pharmacodynamic endpoints included the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Adverse events were monitored throughout the study period.ResultsOf 28 randomized participants, 12 (44.4%) had a treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) and 10 (37.0%) had a TEAE considered related to study drug, most of which were mild or moderate. Four participants (18.2%) had urinary TEAEs while receiving danavorexton, all of which were mild in severity. There were no deaths or TEAEs leading to discontinuation. Improvements in MWT, KSS, and PVT scores were observed with danavorexton compared to placebo. Following drug administration, a mean sleep latency of 40 min (maximum value) was observed during the MWT within 2 h of danavorexton infusion in most participants.ConclusionsA single infusion of danavorexton improves subjective and objective excessive daytime sleepiness in people with IH with no serious TEAEs, indicating orexin-2 receptor agonists are promising treatments for IH.Clinical Trial: Clinicaltrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04091438
A multidimensional pan‐cancer analysis of DCAF13 and its protumorigenic effect in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wei Shan , Lu Kaining , Xing Jing , Yu Wanjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDCAF13 is a substrate recognition protein in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system with oncogenic effects in several malignant tumors. However, it is unclear that the relationship between DCAF13 expression pattern and prognosis across different cancer types. Also unknown is the biological function or effects on the immune microenvironment of DCAF13. In this study, we parsed multiple public databases to explore the potential tumorigenic actions of DCAF13, including correlations with prognosis, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint genes, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy response in pan‐cancer. Moreover, we validated DCAF13 expression in a tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry and investigate its effects in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that DCAF13 was upregulated in 17 cancer types and correlated with poor prognosis in many cancers. Also, the correlation between DCAF13 and TMB was found in 14 cancers as well as MSI in nine. The expression level of DCAF13 was found to be notably correlated with immune cell infiltration, showing a negative correlation with CD4 T cell infiltration and a positive correlation with neutrophil infiltration. The oncogene DCAF13 expression was shown to have a positive correlation with CD274 or ADORA2A and negative correlation with VSIR, TNFRSF4, or TNFRSF14 across large subsets of human cancers. Finally, we observed that DCAF13 was highly expressed in a tissue microarray of lung cancer. In immunocompromised mouse models, xenograft growth of human lung cancer cells was significantly inhibited by DCAF13 knockdown. Our results highlighted the value of DCAF13 as a promising independent predictor of poor prognosis through numerous biological processes. High DCAF13 expression often predicts suppressive immune microenvironment and immunotherapy resistance in a pan‐cancer context.
Control status of hypertension in India: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar S. Mathan , Anandraj Jeyanthi , Sivanatham Parthibane , Essakky Saravanan , Nain Jasvinder , Talukdar Rounik , Loganathan Vignesh , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar 
Published: March 2023

Background and aims:
Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of control status of hypertension in India.

Methods and results:
We carried out systematic search (PROSPERO No.: CRD42021239800) in PubMed and Embase published between April 2013 and March 2021 followed by meta-analysis with random-effects model. The pooled prevalence of controlled hypertension was estimated across geographic regions. The quality, publication bias and heterogeneity of the included studies were also assessed. We included 19 studies with 44 994 hypertensive population, among which 17 studies had low risk of bias. We found statistically significant heterogeneity (P ≤ 0.05) and absence of publication bias among the included studies. The pooled prevalence of control status among patients with hypertension was 15% (95% CI: 12–19%) and among those under treatment was 46% (95% CI: 40–52%). The control status among patients with hypertension was significantly higher in Southern India 23% (95% CI: 16–31%) followed by Western 13% (95% CI: 4–16%), Northern 12% (95% CI: 8–16%), and Eastern India 5% (95% CI: 4–5%). Except for Southern India, the control status was lower among the rural areas compared with urban areas.

Conclusion:
We report high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in India irrespective of treatment status, geographic regions and urban and rural settings. There is urgent need to improve control status of hypertension in the country.
Predicting Outcomes 2 Months and 1 Year After Inpatient Rehabilitation for Youth With TBI Using Duration of Impaired Consciousness and Serial Cognitive Assessment
Authors: Lundine Jennifer P. , Koterba Christine , Shield Collin , Shi Junxin , Hoskinson Kristen R. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To examine predictive utility of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), time to follow commands (TFC), length of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), duration of impaired consciousness (TFC+PTA), and the Cognitive and Linguistic Scale (CALS) scores in predicting outcomes on the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended, Pediatric Revision (GOS-E Peds) for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 2 months and 1 year after discharge from rehabilitation.

Setting:
A large, urban pediatric medical center and inpatient rehabilitation program.

Participants:
Sixty youth with moderate-to-severe TBI (mean age at injury = 13.7 years; range = 5-20).

Design:
A retrospective chart review.

Main Measures:
Lowest postresuscitation GCS, TFC, PTA, TFC+PTA, inpatient rehabilitation admission and discharge CALS scores, GOS-E Peds at 2-month and 1-year follow-ups.

Results:
CALS scores were significantly correlated with the GOS-E Peds at both time points (weak-to-moderate correlation for admission scores and moderate correlation for discharge scores). TFC and TFC+PTA were correlated with GOS-E Peds scores at a 2-month follow-up and TFC remained a predictor at a 1-year follow-up. The GCS and PTA were not correlated with the GOS-E Peds. In the stepwise linear regression model, only the CALS at discharge was a significant predictor of the GOS-E Peds at the 2-month and 1-year follow-ups.

Conclusions:
In our correlational analysis, better performance on the CALS was associated with less long-term disability, and longer TFC was associated with more long-term disability, as measured by the GOS-E Peds. In this sample, the CALS at discharge was the only retained significant predictor of GOS-E Peds scores at 2-month and 1-year follow-ups, accounting for roughly 25% of the variance in GOS-E scores. As previous research suggests, variables related to rate of recovery may be better predictors of outcome than variables related to severity of injury at a single time point (eg, GCS). Future multisite studies are needed to increase sample size and standardize data collection methods for clinical and research purposes.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Deaths by Suicide, Drug Overdose, and Opioid-Related Overdose in a National Sample of Military Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, 1999-2019
Authors: Bahraini Nazanin , Adams Rachel Sayko , Caban Jesus , Kinney Adam R. , Forster Jeri E. , Hoffmire Claire A. , Monteith Lindsey L. , Brenner Lisa A. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To examine racial and ethnic differences in suicide and drug and opioid-related overdose deaths among a population-based cohort of military service members who were diagnosed with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) during military service.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Military personnel receiving care within the Military Health System between 1999 and 2019.

Participants:
In total, 356 514 military members aged 18 to 64 years, who received an mTBI diagnosis as their index TBI between 1999 and 2019, while on active duty or activated.

Main Measures:
Death by suicide, death by drug overdose, and death by opioid overdose were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes within the National Death Index. Race and ethnicity were captured from the Military Health System Data Repository.

Results:
Overall crude rates were 38.67 per 100 000 person-years for suicide; 31.01 per 100 000 person-years for drug overdose death; and 20.82 per 100 000 person-years for opioid overdose death. Crude and age-specific rates for military members who self-identified as Other were higher than all other racial/ethnic groups for all 3 mortality outcomes. Adjusting for age, suicide rates for those classified as Other were up to 5 times that of other racial/ethnic groups for suicide, and up to 11 and 3.5 times that of other race/ethnicity groups for drug and opioid overdose death, respectively.

Conclusion:
Findings extend previous knowledge regarding risk for suicide and deaths by drug overdose among those with mTBI and highlight new important areas for understanding the impact of race and ethnicity on mortality. Methodological limitations regarding classification of race and ethnicity must be addressed to ensure that future research provides a better understanding of racial and ethnic disparities in suicide and drug overdose mortality among military members with TBI.
Disparities in Chronic Pain Experience and Treatment History Among Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study
Authors: Sander Angelle M. , Williams Michael , Loyo Karina , Leon-Novelo Luis , Ngan Esther , Neumann Dawn , Agtarap Stephanie , Martin Aaron M. , Hoffman Jeanne , Christensen Kelsey , Hanks Robin , Hammond Flora M. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:To determine disparities in pain severity, pain interference, and history of pain treatment for non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain.Setting:Community following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.Participants:A total of 621 individuals with medically documented moderate to severe TBI who had received acute trauma care and inpatient rehabilitation (440 non-Hispanic Whites, 111 non-Hispanic Blacks, and 70 Hispanics).Design:A multicenter, cross-sectional, survey study.Main Measures:Brief Pain Inventory; receipt of opioid prescription; receipt of nonpharmacologic pain treatments; and receipt of comprehensive interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation.Results:After controlling for relevant sociodemographic variables, non-Hispanic Blacks reported greater pain severity and greater pain interference relative to non-Hispanic Whites. Race/ethnicity interacted with age, such that the differences between Whites and Blacks were greater for older participants (for severity and interference) and for those with less than a high school education (for interference). There were no differences found between the racial/ethnic groups in the odds of having ever received pain treatment.Conclusions:Among individuals with TBI who report chronic pain, non-Hispanic Blacks may be more vulnerable to difficulties managing pain severity and to interference of pain in activities and mood. Systemic biases experienced by many Black individuals with regard to social determinants of health must be considered in a holistic approach to assessing and treating chronic pain in individuals with TBI.
A Clinicopathological, Etiological Analysis of 136 Cases of Erythroderma: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Lu Ling-Yi , Yu Ying-Zhe , Wang Si-Han , Zhang Jing , Fan Xin , Qi Ying , Lin Bing-Jiang 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
Erythroderma is an uncommon and severe skin disorder with many underlying causes and identifying its etiology can facilitate further treatments. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical profile and etiology of erythroderma.

Methods:
We collected the data on 136 patients diagnosed with erythroderma with respect to the epidemiological, clinical, biological, and histological data, treatments, and outcomes in The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University from 2011 to 2021. The analyses of qualitative data were performed with the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The groups of quantitative data were compared using a t-test or analysis of variance.

Results:
The patients’ mean age in this study was 65.00 ± 16.51 years, with a male:female ratio of 5.8:1.0. Acute onset occurred in 27 patients (19.9%) and was associated with drug reactions (P = 0.002). The mean length of stay was 19.18 ± 9.75 days. Clinical characteristics were dominated by pruritus (135, 99.3%), fever (44, 32.4%), edema (82, 60.3%), nail changes (14, 10.3%), arrhythmia (16, 11.8%), and superficial lymphadenopathy (57, 41.9%). Combined with biopsy, history inquiry and laboratory testing, this study found that most common causative factor was pre-existing dermatoses (107, 78.7%), followed by drug reactions (15, 11.0%), malignancies (8, 5.9%), and undetermined etiology (6, 4.4%). Among the pre-existing dermatoses, eczema was the most common etiology (33.9%). We also found that psoriasis, solar dermatitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, atopic dermatitis, scabies, pemphigus foliaceus, and pityriasis rubra pilaris were causes of erythroderma. In the drug-induced group, anticonvulsants were the most frequently implicated drug. Compared to other cause diseases, patients with psoriasis had a significant higher rate of fever (P = 0.022), nail changes (P < 0.001), arthralgia (P < 0.001), and infection (P = 0.007). Eosinophilia and an increased immunoglobulin E concentration were associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome (P = 0.005) and eczema (P = 0.032), respectively compared to other cause diseases. The infection rate was significantly higher in patients with abnormal liver function compared to the patients with normal liver function (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Most of the clinical features of erythroderma are unspecific with the exception of fever, nail changes, and arthralgia, which were mostly found in patients with psoriasis. Clinicohistopathological examination helps to establish the etiology of erythroderma and reminder doctors to focus on high-risk populations.