bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYBA allelic variants are associated with severity and recovery in Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Törnell Andreas , Lagerström Nina , Mossberg Natalia , Kiffin Roberta , Farman Helen , Lycke Jan , Andersen Oluf , Axelsson Markus , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Martner Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, acute neuropathy characterized by ascending muscle weakness. Age, axonal GBS variants, and antecedent Campylobacter jejuni infection are associated with severe GBS, but the detailed mechanisms of nerve damage are only partly explored. Pro‐inflammatory myeloid cells express NADPH oxidases (NOX) that generate tissue‐toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. This study analyzed the impact of variants of the gene encoding the functional NOX subunit CYBA (p22phox) on acute severity, axonal damage, and recovery in adult GBS patients.MethodsExtracted DNA from 121 patients was genotyped for allelic variation at rs1049254 and rs4673 within CYBA using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum neurofilament light chain was quantified by single molecule array. Patients were followed for severity and motor function recovery for up to 13 years.ResultsCYBA genotypes linked to reduced formation of ROS, i.e. rs1049254/G and rs4673/A, were significantly associated with unassisted ventilation, shorter time to normalization of serum neurofilament light chain and shorter time to regained motor function. Residual disability at follow‐up was confined to patients carrying CYBA alleles associated with high formation of ROS.InterpretationThese findings implicate NOX‐derived ROS in GBS pathophysiology and CYBA alleles as biomarkers of severity.
Exploring the impact of nursing home managers' leadership on staff job satisfaction, health and intention to leave in nursing homes
Authors: Backman Annica , Lindkvist Marie , Lövheim Hugo , Sjögren Karin , Edvardsson David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the impact of nursing home leadership and staffing characteristics on staff job satisfaction, health and intention to leave.BackgroundThe number of older people has outpaced growth in the nursing home workforce worldwide. Identifying predictors with the potential to positively impact staff job satisfaction, health and intentions to leave are important. Leadership of the nursing home manager can be one such predictor.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsA sample of 2985 direct care staff in 190 nursing homes in 43 randomly selected municipalities in Sweden completed surveys on leadership, job satisfaction, self‐rated health and intention to leave (response rate 52%). Descriptive statistics and Generalised Estimating Equations were conducted. The STROBE reporting checklist was applied.ResultsNursing home managers' leadership was positively related to job satisfaction, self‐rated health and low intention to leave. Lower staff educational levels were related to poorer health and lower job satisfaction.ConclusionsNursing home leadership plays a significant role in the job satisfaction, self‐reported health and intention to leave of direct care staff. Low education levels among staff seem to negatively influence staff health and job satisfaction, suggesting that educational initiatives for less‐educated staff could be beneficial for improving staff health and job satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practiceManagers seeking to improve staff job satisfaction can consider how they support, coach and provide feedback. Recognising staff achievement at work can contribute to high job satisfaction. One important implication for managers is to offer continuing education to staff with lower or no education, given the large amount of uneducated direct care workers in aged care and the impact this may have on staff job satisfaction and health.No patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution was required to outcome measures in this study. Direct care staff and managers contributed with data.
Revisiting the maintenance of wakefulness test: from intra‐/inter‐scorer agreement to normative values in patients treated for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Tankéré Pierre , Taillard Jacques , Armeni Marc‐Antoine , Petitjean Thierry , Berthomier Christian , Strauss Mélanie , Peter‐Derex Laure 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe Maintenance of Wakefulness Test is widely used to objectively assess sleepiness and make safety‐related decisions, but its interpretation is subjective and normative values remain debated. Our work aimed to determine normative thresholds in non‐subjectively sleepy patients with well‐treated obstructive sleep apnea, and to assess intra‐ and inter‐scorer variability. We included maintenance of wakefulness tests of 141 consecutive patients with treated obstructive sleep apnea (90% men, mean (SD) age 47.5 (9.2) years, mean (SD) pre‐treatment apnea–hypopnea index of 43.8 (20.3) events/h). Sleep onset latencies were independently scored by two experts. Discordant scorings were reviewed to reach a consensus and half of the cohort was double‐scored by each scorer. Intra‐ and inter‐scorer variability was assessed using Cohen's kappa for 40, 33, and 19 min mean sleep latency thresholds. Consensual mean sleep latencies were compared between four groups according to subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score < versus ≥11) and residual apnea–hypopnea index (< versus ≥15 events/h). In well‐treated non‐sleepy patients (n = 76), the consensual mean (SD) sleep latency was 38.4 (4.2) min (lower normal limit [mean – 2SD] = 30 min), and 80% of them did not fall asleep. Intra‐scorer agreement on mean sleep latency was high but inter‐scorer was only fair (Cohen's kappa 0.54 for 33‐min threshold, 0.27 for 19‐min threshold), resulting in changes in latency category in 4%–12% of patients. A higher sleepiness score but not the residual apnea–hypopnea index was significantly associated with a lower mean sleep latency. Our findings suggest a higher than usually accepted normative threshold (30 min) in this context and emphasise the need for more reproducible scoring approaches.
Role of EpCAM+ CD133+ extracellular vesicles in steatosis to steatohepatitis transition in NAFLD
Authors: Muñoz‐Hernández Rocío , Gato Sheila , Gil‐Gómez Antonio , Aller Rocío , Rojas Angela , Morán Laura , Gallego Javier , Blázquez‐López Elena , Gallego‐Durán Rocío , Montero‐Vallejo Rocío , García‐Fernández Vanessa , Maya‐Miles Douglas , Rico María del C , Cubero Francisco J , Vaquero Javier , Ampuero Javier , Bañares Rafael , Romero‐Gómez Manuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential source of circulating biomarkers in liver disease. We evaluated circulating AV+ EpCAM+ CD133+ EVs as a potential biomarker of the transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis.MethodsEpCAM and CD133 liver proteins and EpCAM+ CD133+ EVs levels were analysed in 31 C57BL/6J mice fed with a chow or high fat, high cholesterol and carbohydrates diet (HFHCC) for 52 weeks. The hepatic origin of MVs was addressed using AlbCrexmT/mG mice fed a Western (WD) or Dual diet for 23 weeks. Besides, we assessed plasma MVs in 130 biopsy‐proven NAFLD patients.ResultsHepatic expression of EpCAM and CD133 and EpCAM+ CD133+ EVs increased during disease progression in HFHCC mice. GFP+ MVs were higher in AlbCrexmT/mG mice fed a WD (5.2% vs 12.1%) or a Dual diet (0.5% vs 7.3%). Most GFP+ MVs were also positive for EpCAM and CD133 (98.3% and 92.9% respectively), suggesting their hepatic origin. In 71 biopsy‐proven NAFLD patients, EpCAM+ CD133+ EVs were significantly higher in those with steatohepatitis compare to those with simple steatosis (286.4 ± 61.9 vs 758.4 ± 82.3; p < 0.001). Patients with ballooning 367 ± 40.6 vs 532.0 ± 45.1; p = 0.01 and lobular inflammation (321.1 ± 74.1 vs 721.4 ± 80.1; p = 0.001), showed higher levels of these EVs. These findings were replicated in an independent cohort.ConclusionsCirculating levels of EpCAM+ CD133+ MVs in clinical and experimental NAFLD were increased in the presence of steatohepatitis, showing high potential as a non‐invasive biomarker for the evaluation and management of these patients.
Comparative prevalence of oral bacteria and protozoa in patients with periodontitis in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yu Chun , Huang Jian Ming , Chang Ying‐Ying , Yuan Kuo , Lin Wei Chen , Ting Chun Chan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacteria present in the dental biofilm. However, the presence of two oral protozoans, Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, in patients with the periodontal disease remains largely unknown in Taiwan. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of oral microbial infections between the sites with mild gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in patients.Materials and MethodsWe collected 60 dental biofilm samples from sites with mild gingivitis (probing depth <5 mm) and chronic periodontitis (probing depth ≥5 mm) from 30 patients at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. The samples were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis.ResultsAmong oral protozoans, E. gingivalis and T. tenax were detected in 44 (74.07%) and 14 (23.33%) of all samples, respectively. Among oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were detected in 50 (83.33%), 47 (78.33%), and 48 (80.0%) samples, respectively.ConclusionsThis study, which is the first to analyze E. gingivalis and T. tenax presence among patients with periodontitis in Taiwan, revealed an association between periodontitis and oral microbes.
Ethics of care in technology‐mediated healthcare practices: A scoping review
Authors: Ramvi Ellen , Hellstrand Ingvil , Jensen Ida Bruheim , Gripsrud Birgitta Haga , Gjerstad Brita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntroducing new technologies into healthcare practices may challenge professionals' traditional care cultures. The aim of this review was to map how the ‘ethics of care’ theoretical framework informs empirical studies of technology‐mediated healthcare.MethodA scoping review was performed using eight electronic databases: CINAHL with full text, Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE, the Philosopher's Index, SocINDEX with Full Text, SCOPUS, APA PsycInfo and Web of Science. This was followed by citation tracking, and articles were assessed against the inclusion criteria.ResultsOf the 443 initial articles, 18 met the criteria and were included. We found that nine of the articles used the concept of ‘ethics of care’ (herein used interchangeably with the terms ‘feminist ethics’ or ‘relational ethics’) insubstantially. The remaining nine articles deployed care ethics (or its equivalent) substantially as an integrated theoretical framework and analytical tool. We found that several articles suggested an expansion of ethics of care to encompass technologies as part of contemporary care. Furthermore, ethics of care contributed to the empirical research by recognising both new relationships between patients and healthcare professionals as well as new ethical challenges.ConclusionEthics of care is sparsely used as a theoretical framework in empirical studies of technology‐mediated healthcare practices. The use of ethics of care in technology‐mediated care brings new dilemmas, relational tensions and vulnerabilities to the foreground. For ethics of care to be used more explicit in empirical studies, it is important that it is recognised by research community as an adequate, universal ethical theory.
Do we practice what we preach? Dialysis modality choice among healthcare workers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hamer Rizwan , Hameed Awais , Damery Sarah , Jenkins Karen , Dasgupta Indranil , Baharani Jyoti 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the United Kingdom, over 80% of end‐stage kidney disease patients receive in‐center hemodialysis. We conducted a survey of UK renal healthcare workers on their preferred dialysis modality if they needed dialysis themselves.MethodsAn anonymized online survey was disseminated to all renal healthcare workers in the United Kingdom. We asked “Assume you are an otherwise well 40‐year‐old (and, separately, 75‐year‐old) person approaching end stage kidney disease, you have no living kidney donor options at present. There are no contraindications to any dialysis options. Which dialysis therapy would you choose?” We also asked about factors influencing their choice.Results858 individuals with a median age of 44.3 years responded. 70.2% were female, 37.4% doctors, and 31.1% were senior nurses. There was a preference for peritoneal dialysis over in‐center hemodialysis (50.47% v. 6.18%; p < 0.001 for 40‐year‐old and 49.18% v. 17.83%; p < 0.001 for 75‐year‐old assumption) and home hemodialysis (50.47% v. 39.28%; p < 0.001 for 40‐year‐old and 49.18% v. 18.41% for 75‐year‐old assumption). There was a preference for home hemodialysis over in‐center hemodialysis for 40‐year‐old (39.28% v. 6.18%; p < 0.001) but not for 75‐year‐old. On logistic regression, senior doctors were more likely to opt for PD when compared to nurses. Nurses, allied healthcare professionals, and those of Asian/British Asian ethnicity were more likely to choose in‐center hemodialysis.ConclusionsMost healthcare workers in renal medicine would choose home‐based treatment for themselves although the majority of end‐stage kidney disease patients receive in‐center hemodialysis in the United Kingdom; the reasons for the discrepancy need to be explored.
Efficacy of topical versus oral analgesic medication compared to a placebo in injured athletes: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Nudo Stefania , Jimenez‐Garcia John Alexander , Dover Geoffrey 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAthletes are injured frequently and often take analgesic medication. Moreover, athletes commonly use non‐prescription topical and oral medications with little guidance. Despite wide use, relatively few studies exist on the efficacy of pain medication in injured athletes compared to a placebo.ObjectiveTo determine efficacy of topical or oral medications in pain reduction compared to a placebo in injured athletes.Study DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search using Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Ovid, and SportDiscus for all literature relating to topical or oral medications in athletes for pain management post‐injury. Two reviewers screened the studies and measured their quality. To determine efficacy, we calculated the Hedges' g value.We created forest plots with 95% CI to graphically summarize the meta‐analyses.ResultsThere was a significant pooled effect size reflecting a reduction in pain outcomes for the topical treatment versus placebo (g = −0.64; 95% CI [−0.89, −0.39]; p < 0.001). There was not a significant reduction in pain outcomes for the oral treatment versus placebo (g = −0.26; 95% CI [−0.60, 0.17]; p = 0.272).ConclusionTopical medications were significantly better at reducing pain compared to oral medications versus a placebo in injured athletes. These results are different when compared to other studies that used experimentally induced pain versus musculoskeletal injuries. The results from our study suggest that athletes should use topical medications for pain reduction, as it is more effective, and there are less reported adverse effects compared to oral medication.
Social Media Scholarship in Sport Studies and College Athletes’ Name, Image, and Likeness Opportunities
Authors: Kian Edward M. , Zimmerman Matthew 
Published: June 2023

The passage of name, image, and likeness (NIL) laws in individual states within the United States has provided intercollegiate athletes opportunities to potentially profit from their personal NIL in a free marketplace. Concurrently, the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) also allowed college athletes to utilize their NIL rights. Thus far, most college athletes’ NIL deals for payments are for posts on the athletes’ own social media channels for products, including their own self-promotion in relation to brands, or promotion of brands such as fast food and auto dealerships. Notably, published scholarly work on NIL itself is sparse since it was not until 2021 that the NCAA enacted NIL rules for college athletes. Published scholarship on NIL and social media is even rarer. Therefore, this commentary provides recommendations for potential future scholarship related to NIL and social media, focusing on three potential frameworks: (a) agenda setting, (b) relationship marketing, and (c) personal branding.
Longitudinal Analysis of Stakeholder Attitudes Toward External Review of Sport Management Master’s Degree Programs
Authors: Dane-Staples Emily , Burakowski Katharine A. 
Published: June 2023

The trio of assessment, accreditation, and accountability is at the forefront of higher education today. National organizations serving specific disciplines often establish curricular elements, review degree programs, and provide external accountability of program quality. Sport management has had two external review options in its history, yet few studies have addressed stakeholder attitudes toward these options. Using longitudinal data, this study explored attitudes and familiarity of external review and the impact that formalized accreditation has had on sport management master’s programs. Reasons for seeking or refraining from external review remained consistent, as did familiarity with external-review standards. Results suggested a general satisfaction with the evolution from the Sport Management Program Review Council to the Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA).
Traversable wormhole models supported by a string cloud in rainbow gravity
Authors: Sheikh Umber , Arshad Sana , Pincak Richard 
Published: June 2023

The traversable wormholes are fascinating as the shortcuts in space–time. This work discusses the geometry of a traversable wormhole with a string cloud as a source in rainbow gravity. The field equations are developed and solved to obtain the wormhole’s shape function, cloud’s mass density, and string tension. We have calculated the shape function and made it specific to study the dynamics for toy model. Based on the three well-known pairs of rainbow functions (mentioned by Ali and Khalil), the string cloud’s dynamical variables including mass density and string tension are graphically presented. The corresponding energy conditions are also visually depicted. It is found that the source matter (string cloud) of the traversable wormhole must be exotic. However, the positive values of the string tension led to the presence of Casimir and dark energy effects. It is found that the toy model respects the null energy condition for a single pair of rainbow functions, i.e., Rainbow Function Type II. We have concluded that in rainbow gravity theory, the traversable wormhole solutions originating from a string cloud requires the presence of exotic matter to achieve a stable structure.
Compactified extra dimension and entanglement island as clues to quantum gravity
Authors: Hung Tran N. , Nam Cao H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show that the compactified extra dimension and the emergence of the island can provide clues about quantum gravity because their combination can solve the deepest puzzles of black hole physics. Suppose that the time dimension and the extra dimension compactified on a circle are symmetric under double Wick rotation, the curvature singularity would be removed due to the end of spacetime as a smooth bubble hidden behind the event horizon. The smooth bubble geometries can also be interpreted as microstates leading to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy because the smooth bubble geometries live in the same region of mass and charge as the black string. In addition, by applying the quantum extremal surface prescription, we show the emergence of the island at late times of the black string evaporation where it is located slightly outside the event horizon. Due to the dominant contribution of the island configuration, the entanglement entropy of the radiation grows no longer linearly in time but it reaches a finite value that is twice the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy at the leading order. This transition shows the information preservation during the black string evaporation. Furthermore, we calculate the Page time which determines the moment of the transition between the linearly growing and constant behaviors of the entanglement entropy as well as the scrambling time corresponding to the information recovery time of the signal falling into the black string.
Polarised neutron scattering from dynamic polarised nuclei 1972–2022
Authors: Stuhrmann Heinrich B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the inauguration of the small-angle instrument D11 of the Institute Laue–Langevin (ILL) in September 1972 neutron scattering revolutionized methods of contrast variation. Very soon D11 was oversubscribed by proposals relying on isotopic substitution of hydrogen isotopes. At the same time in Oxford first experiments of polarised neutron diffraction from dynamic polarised protons in lanthanum magnesium nitrate crystals demonstrated the great utility of this approach. In the early eighties a new type of polarised target material led to a boom of contrast variation by nuclear polarisation. The new samples of frozen solutions of macromolecules lent themselves to small-angle scattering. Often in collaboration with research centres of High Energy Physics various groups in Europe and Japan started experiments of polarized neutron scattering from dynamic polarised protons. Techniques of NMR and EPR considerably enlarged the spectrum of nuclear contrast variation. This is shown with time-resolved polarised neutron scattering from dynamic polarized proton spins of a free radical and of tyrosyl doped catalase using D22 at the ILL.
Graphical abstract
The Milwaukee Formation (Givetian, Wisconsin): gone but not forgotten
Authors: Gass Kenneth C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Milwaukee Formation, a sequence of Givetian (Middle Devonian) marine strata deposited in what is now southeastern Wisconsin, USA, was recognized as preserving an exceptionally diverse biota of invertebrates, placoderms, and plants, when local cement companies mined the rock for the manufacture of hydraulic cement from 1876 to 1911. It is now recognized as containing one of North America's most diverse biotas of its age coming from a single formation, having roughly 250 species, 100 families, 16 phyla, and four kingdoms. Intense collecting has revealed the rich biodiversity that prevailed during the Devonian Period in what is now the Milwaukee area. When the cement mines shut down, the quarries were filled and what was already regarded as a localized series of outcrops became even more restricted. Today the formation is known almost exclusively from limited exposures in Estabrook Park and the adjoining Lincoln Park, in Milwaukee County, in the area once occupied by the cement quarries. These outcrops (the type locality) are protected by a Milwaukee County Park Ordinance that prohibits removing materials from the parks, thus enabling the type locality to remain intact for educational and non-destructive research purposes, while largely unstudied museum collections remain available for ongoing research.