bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study
Authors: Chang Chin-Huan , Yeh Shu-Tin , Ooi Seng-Wei , Li Chung-Yi , Chen Hua-Fen 
Published: January 2023

Background
The optimal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not currently clear. In this study, we determined the relationship between various mean LDL-C and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality risks in patients with T2D, stratifying by albumin level, age, sex, and antilipid medication use. We also evaluated the association of LDL-C standard deviation (LDL-C-SD) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by type of antilipid medication use.

Methods
A total of 46,675 T2D patients with a prescription for antidiabetic agents >6 months from outpatient visits (2003–2018) were linked to Taiwan’s National Death Registry to identify all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The Poisson assumption was used to estimate mortality rates, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the relative hazards of respective mortality in relation to mean LDL-C in patient cohorts by albumin level, age, sex, and antilipid use adjusting for medications, comorbidities, and laboratory results. We also determined the overall, and anti-lipid-specific mortality rates and relative hazards of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with LDL-C-SD using the Poisson assumption and Cox proportional hazard regression model, respectively.

Results
All-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates were the lowest in T2D patients with a mean LDL-C > 90-103.59 mg/dL in the normal albumin group (≥ 3.5 g/dL). Compared to T2D patients with a mean LDL-C > 90–103.59 mg/dL, those with a mean LDL-C ≤ 77 mg/dL had an elevated risk of all-cause mortality in both the normal and lower albumin groups. T2D patients with a mean LDL-C ≤ 90 and > 103.59–119 mg/dL had relatively higher risk of cardiovascular mortality in the normal albumin group, but in the lower albumin group (<3.5 g/dL), any level of mean LDL-C ≤ 119 mg/dL was not significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality. Increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were observed in patients with a mean LDL-C ≤ 77 mg/dL in both sexes and in all age groups except in those aged <50 years, a lower mean LDL-C was not associated with cardiovascular mortality. Similarly, patients with an LDL-C-SD <10th and > 90th percentiles were associated with significant risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In statin users, but not fibrate users, lower and higher levels of mean LDL-C and LDL-C-SD were both associated with elevated risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions
The optimal level of LDL-C was found to be >90–103.59 mg/dL in T2D patients. Lower and higher levels of mean LDL-C and LDL-C-SD were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, revealing U-shaped associations. Further studies are necessary to validate the relationship between optimal LDL-C levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.
A Review of Linear Fresnel Collector Receivers used in Solar Thermal Technology
Authors: Ko Gaëlle Kafira , Gomna Aboubakar , Falcoz Quentin , Coulibaly Yezouma , Olives Régis 
Published: January 2023

Linear Fresnel collectors (LFC) have, among the four technologies of concentrating solar power (CSP), the simpler technology. They have a one axis sun tracking, plane mirrors and a fix receiver. All these elements make them the most suitable for small scales CSP plants adapted to rural area of the Sub-Saharan region. The receiver is an important part of the LFC. There is a wide variety of receivers that differ in the shape of the absorber: mono-tube, multi-tube, plane. The shape of the secondary concentrator or its absence allows to categorize the receivers in a butterfly, compound parabolic concentrator, segmented parabolic secondary concentrator or trapezoidal receiver. Vacuum mono-tube receivers have heat losses between 200 W/m and 270 W/m at an absorber temperature of 350°C. A mono tube receiver at partial vacuum losses more than 350 W/m at 350°C. The lowest heat losses of a multi-tube receiver with a trapezoidal secondary concentrator can reach 500 W/m at an absorber temperature of 350°C. This paper discusses a comparative study of existing receiver designs in order to find the most suitable for rural areas in the sub-Saharan region, i.e. easy to design by hand and low cost. Although they do not have the best thermal performance, trapezoidal receivers with a black-painted copper multi-tube absorber and a glass cover seem to be the most suitable.
Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality
Authors: Shan Zhilei , Wang Fenglei , Li Yanping , Baden Megu Y. , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Wang Dong D. , Sun Qi , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Rimm Eric B. , Qi Lu , Tabung Fred K. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Willett Walter C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Qi Qibin , Hu Frank B. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceThe current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend multiple healthy eating patterns. However, few studies have examined the associations of adherence to different dietary patterns with long-term risk of total and cause-specific mortality.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of dietary scores for 4 healthy eating patterns with risk of total and cause-specific mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study included initially healthy women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984-2020) and men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986-2020).ExposuresHealthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score, Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (HPDI), and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were total and cause-specific mortality overall and stratified by race and ethnicity and other potential risk factors.ResultsThe final study sample included 75 230 women from the NHS (mean [SD] baseline age, 50.2 [7.2] years) and 44 085 men from the HPFS (mean [SD] baseline age, 53.3 [9.6] years). During a total of 3 559 056 person-years of follow-up, 31 263 women and 22 900 men died. When comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles, the pooled multivariable-adjusted HRs of total mortality were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84) for HEI-2015, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84) for AMED score, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89) for HPDI, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.82) for AHEI (P &amp;lt; .001 for trend for all). All dietary scores were significantly inversely associated with death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease. The AMED score and AHEI were inversely associated with mortality from neurodegenerative disease. The inverse associations between these scores and risk of mortality were consistent in different racial and ethnic groups, including Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White individuals.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 2 large prospective cohorts with up to 36 years of follow-up, greater adherence to various healthy eating patterns was consistently associated with lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality. These findings support the recommendations of Dietary Guidelines for Americans that multiple healthy eating patterns can be adapted to individual food traditions and preferences.
Triphenylamine‐Functionalized Multiple‐Resonance TADF Emitters with Accelerated Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Aggregation‐Induced Emission Enhancement for Narrowband OLEDs
Authors: Chen Guowei , Wang Jianghui , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Gong Yarong , Zhuang Ning , Liang Hui , Xing Longjiang , Liu Yuan , Ji Shaomin , Zhang Hao‐Li , Zhao Zujin , Huo Yanping , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiple‐resonance (MR) thermal activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have attracted increasing attention in organic electroluminescence devices, owing to their superior quantum efficiency and narrowband emission for high color purity. However, MR‐TADF materials often suffer from severe aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and efficiency roll‐off problems due to their rigid planar structures and the lack of sufficient charge‐transfer (CT) characters with inefficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Herein, by attaching electron‐rich triphenylamine (TPA) with twisted spatial conformation to the MR framework, two efficient narrowband MR‐TADF emitters, namely BNCz‐pTPA and BNCz‐mTPA, are developed. The TPA substituent endows the new emitters with aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) for ACQ suppression. The unprecedented AIEE‐MR‐TADF emitters exhibit CT character in high‐lying triplet excited states for faster RISC, while the locally‐excited (LE) character of the first singlet excited state is retained for narrowband emission with high emission efficiency. An organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on BNCz‐pTPA exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 27.3% with slow efficiency roll‐off, demonstrating much higher performances than those of the BNCz‐based OLED. This study may provide a simple but effective approach to constructing high‐performance emitters for wide‐color‐gamut OLED displays.
Targeting Ligand Independent Tropism of siRNA‐LNP by Small Molecules for Directed Therapy of Liver or Myeloid Immune Cells
Authors: Lin Cheng , Mostafa Asmaa , Jans Alexander , Wolters Justina Clarinda , Mohamed Mohamed Ramadan , Van der Vorst Emiel P. C. , Trautwein Christian , Bartneck Matthias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHepatic clearance of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) with encapsulated nucleic acids restricts their therapeutic applicability. Therefore, tools for regulating hepatic clearance are of high interest for nucleic acid delivery. To this end, this work employs wild‐type (WT) and low‐density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)−/− mice pretreated with either a leukotriene B4 receptor inhibitor (BLT1i) or a high‐density lipoprotein receptor inhibitor (HDLRi) prior to the injection of siRNA‐LNP. This work is able to demonstrate significantly increased hepatic uptake of siRNA‐LNP by the BLT1i in Ldlr−/− mice by in vivo imaging and discover an induction of specific uptake‐related proteins. Irrespective of the inhibitors and Ldlr deficiency, the siRNA‐LNP induced RNA‐binding and transport‐related proteins in liver, including haptoglobin (HP) that is also identified as most upregulated serum protein. This work observes a downregulation of proteins functioning in hepatic detoxification and of serum opsonins. Most strikingly, the HDLRi reduces hepatic uptake and increases siRNA accumulation in spleen and myeloid immune cells of blood and liver. RNA sequencing demonstrates leukocyte recruitment by the siRNA‐LNP and the HDLRi through induction of chemokine ligands in liver tissue. The data provide insights into key mechanisms of siRNA‐LNP biodistribution and indicate that the HDLRi has potential for extrahepatic and leukocyte targeting.
Development of Code‐Editable Multicolor Chemiluminescent Hydrogels and Their Application in the Detection of Sarcosine Using Portable Devices
Authors: Jing Yuguang , Yuan Xiaohua , Xu Yingying , Hou Jingyu , Yu Xinge , Ye Bangce , Li Yingchun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConventional luminol chemiluminescence (CL) is widely used in imaging and analytical assays. As far as we can search, there are no studies on the use of CL for information encryption and protection. Here, a novel CL hydrogel is developed. A rapid color visualization of sarcosine in urine using a mobile phone camera is achieved based on CL energy resonance transfer. Four different colors of CL hydrogels are prepared by adding different ratios of rhodamine B or fluorescein. In the multicolor CL hydrogels, activated CL can generate conventional multicolor code shift and original white light. The luminescence duration and the cause of the white light are analyzed using CL spectroscopy. Sarcosine oxidase is replaced with sarcosine in the multicolor CL hydrogels to obtain the translation of editable code, which facilitates the secondary information encryption and code transmissions. The effective luminescence time of these hydrogels are short (13–50 min), and code can be deleted naturally.
D‐A‐D type functional conducting polymer: Development of its electrochromic properties and laccase biosensor
Authors: Udum Yasemin A. , Aktas Gemci Melek , Cevher Duygu , Soylemez Saniye , Cirpan Ali , Toppare Levent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein, a novel D‐A‐D type monomer that contains hexylthiophene as the donor and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole as the acceptor has been electropolymerized successfully to yield P(DTFBT) and its electrochromic properties and performance in amperometric biosensors have been investigated. The polymer shows great electrochemical features with low band gap and multichromic properties. Additionally, after polymer modification, laccase was immobilized on a modified electrode surfaces for catechol sensing. Biosensor optimization values, cycle number, enzyme amount, pH and also interfering effect of some possible compounds were investigated. With optimum values, analytical characterization of the sensor was determined. Kmapp, LOD and sensitivity values were estimated as 0.11 mM, 0.014 mM and 166.74 μA/(mM cm2), respectively. The experimental results revealed that the sensor shows satisfactory accuracy and confirms the proposed sensor has a potential candidate for catechol quantification.
Pyrazole scaffold‐based derivatives: A glimpse of α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, SAR, and route of synthesis
Authors: Firdaus Jannat ul , Siddiqui Nadeem , Alam Ozair , Manaithiya Ajay , Chandra Kailash 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe α‐glucosidase is a validated target to develop drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. The existing α‐glucosidase inhibitors have certain shortcomings related to side effects and route of synthesis. Accordingly, it is inevitable to develop new chemical templates as α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Pyrazole derivatives have a special place in medicinal chemistry because of various biological activities. Recently, pyrazole‐based heterocyclic compounds have emerged as a promising scaffold to develop α‐glucosidase inhibitors. This study focuses on the recently reported pyrazole‐based α‐glucosidase inhibitors, including their biological activity (in vivo, in vitro, and in silico), structure–activity relationship, and ways of synthesis. The literature revealed the development of several promising pyrazole‐based α‐glucosidase inhibitors and new synthetic routes for their preparation. The encouraging α‐glucosidase inhibitory results of the pyrazole‐based heterocyclic compounds make them an attractive target for further research. The authors also foresee the arrival of the pyrazole‐based α‐glucosidase inhibitors in clinical practice.
Periodontitis and stroke: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ma Chaoyang , Wu Min , Gao Jie , Liu Chuanzi , Xie Yi , Lv Qiushi , Zhang Xiaohao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposePeriodontitis has been implicated in the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, the generalizability of results to individuals with different subtypes of periodontitis is unknown. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship of chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) with ischemic stroke and its subtypes in the Mendelian randomization framework.MethodsThe genetic proxies of CP were derived from large‐scale summary statistics from the UK Biobank datasets (950 cases and 455,398 controls). The genetic associations of AgP were selected from another large genome‐wide association study of European ancestry (851 cases and 6836 controls). The instruments of ischemic stroke (34,217 cases and 406,111 controls) and its subtypes were selected from the MEGASTROKE consortium of European ancestry. The inverse variant weighted method was performed to determine the causal inference and a comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the results.ResultsIn population‐wide genetic analysis, there was no association of genetically predicted AgP (odds ratio [OR], 0.982; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.956–1.009; p = .197) with ischemic stroke or its subtypes. For patients with CP, there was also no significant causal inference on ischemic stroke (OR, 1.017; 95% CI, 0.992–1.043; p = .184). However, regarding the stroke subtypes, the genetic analysis provided evidence of a causal relationship of CP with cardioembolic stroke (OR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.002–1.104; p = .042), but not with large artery atherosclerosis (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 0.944–1.069; p = .875) or small vessel occlusion (OR, 1.039; 95% CI, 0.981–1.101; p = .193).ConclusionThis study suggested that there was a potential causal effect of CP on cardioembolic stroke.
A study on the prevention of hemorrhage and perforation in patients with primary gastric diffuse large‐B cell lymphoma during treatment with immunochemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Limei , Huang He , Wang Zhao , Fang Xiaojie , Hong Huangming , Chen Yungchang , Ren Quanguang , Yao Yuyi , Chen Zegeng , Pan Fei , Li Xiaoqian , Chen Meiting , Lin Tongyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundStomach hemorrhage and perforation are very severe and common complications in patients with primary gastric diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PG‐DLBCL) during treatment with immunochemotherapy. However, no relevant clinical studies have been performed on the prevention of these serious complications.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PG‐DLBCL were enrolled in this retrospective study. The prevention group received standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R‐CHOP) treatment without prednisone combined with antacids and anti‐Helicobacter pylori (Hp) therapy. These patients received R‐CHOP‐based treatment until the complete recovery of gastric ulcers, as proven by gastroscopy. The control group received a standard R‐CHOP regimen. Toxicity and survival were the main endpoints.ResultsA total of 52 patients received preventative treatment, while 146 patients did not. Among patients with stage I, II‐1, and II‐2 disease, the prevention group had a lower rate of hemorrhage and perforation (0/40) than the control group (10/78, p = 0.044). At a median follow‐up time of 25 months, the 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rates were 97.1% in the prevention group and 66.1% in the control group (p = 0.025), and the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 100% and 72.0%, respectively (p = 0.021). However, the differences in the 5‐year EFS and OS of patients with disseminated disease were not statistically significant.ConclusionsPreventative treatment can decrease the risk of hemorrhage and perforation in patients with localized PG‐DLBCL during immunochemotherapy, leading to better EFS and OS in these patients. However, preventative treatment failed to reduce the risk of gastric hemorrhage and perforation and did not improve survival (EFS and OS) in advanced‐stage patients.
Cigarette smoke condensate induces centrosome clustering in normal lung epithelial cells
Authors: Thaiparambil Jose , Amara Chandra S. , Sen Subrata , Putluri Nagireddy , El‐Zein Randa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnlike normal cells, cancer cells frequently have multiple centrosomes that can cluster to form bipolar mitotic spindles and allow for successful cell division. Inhibiting centrosome clustering, therefore, holds therapeutic promise to promote cancer cell‐specific cell death.MethodsWe used confocal microscopy, real‐time PCR, siRNA knockdown, and western blot to analyze centrosome clustering and declustering using normal lung bronchial epithelial and nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Also, we used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software to identify novel pathways associated with centrosome clustering.ResultsIn this study, we found that exposure to cigarette smoke condensate induces centrosome amplification and clustering in human lung epithelial cells. We observed a similar increase in centrosome amplification and clustering in unexposed NSCLC cell lines which may suggest a common underlying mechanism for lung carcinogenesis. We identified a cyclin D2‐mediated centrosome clustering pathway that involves a sonic hedgehog‐forkhead box protein M1 axis which is critical for mitosis. We also observed that cyclin D2 knockdown induced multipolar mitotic spindles that could eventually lead to cell death.ConclusionsHere we report a novel role of cyclin D2 in the regulation of centrosome clustering, which could allow the identification of tumors sensitive to cyclin D2 inhibitors. Our data reveal a pathway that can be targeted to inhibit centrosome clustering by interfering with the expression of cyclin D2‐associated genes.
Hydrogen Spillover‐Promoted Hydrogen Evolution onto Copper
Authors: Xing Liwen , Liu Yan , Liu Yaqi , Wu Ke , Ji Yongjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrently, green hydrogen harvesting from electrochemical water splitting is overly reliant on noble metals with high catalytic activity but low natural abundance and high cost. As one of potential earth‐abundant alternatives, copper, however, displays a poor hydrogen evolving capability, mainly due to inherently a weak hydrogen binding energy (HBE). It poses a substantial restriction to metallic Cu alone serving as primary active sites for high‐performance hydrogen evolution. Thanks to the presence of hydrogen spillover that was often overlooked during the electrocatalysis, the hydrogen evolution in a nonacidic electrolyte can be accelerated by the recombination desorption of adsorbed hydrogen over Cu with a weak HBE. Here, we concisely highlighted this promotion effect of secondary active Cu on electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and eagerly expected to extend hydrogen spillover effects to the advance of multi‐site electrocatalytic systems.
High FeLS(C) electrochemical activity of an iron hexacyanoferrate cathode boosts superior sodium ion storage
Authors: Guo Junhong , Feng Fan , Zhao Shiqiang , Shi Zhenhai , Wang Rui , Yang Meng , Chen Fangfang , Chen Suli , Ma Zi‐Feng , Liu Tianxi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSodium iron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF) is one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost theoretical capacity. However, the low electrochemical activity of FeLS(C) in FeHCF drags down its practical capacity and potential plateau. Herein, FeHCF with high FeLS(C) electrochemical activity (C‐FeHCF) is synthesized via a facile citric acid‐assisted solvothermal method. As the cathode of SIBs, C‐FeHCF shows superior cycling stability (ca. 87.3% capacity retention for 1000 cycles at 10 C) and outstanding rate performance (ca. 68.5% capacity retention at 50 C). Importantly, the contribution of FeLS(C) to the whole capacity was quantitatively analyzed via combining dQ/dV and discharge curve for the first time, and the index reaches 44.53% for C‐FeHCF, close to the theoretical value. In‐situ X‐ray diffraction proves the structure stability of C‐FeHCF during charge–discharge process, ensuring its superior cycling performance. Furthermore, the application feasibility of the C‐FeHCF cathode in quasi‐solid SIBs is also evaluated. The quasi‐solid SIBs with the C‐FeHCF cathode exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 106.5 mAh g−1 at 5 C and high capacity retention of 89.8% over 1200 cycles. This work opens new insights into the design and development of advanced cathode materials for SIBs and the beyond.