bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Private simultaneous messages based on quadratic residues
Authors: Shinagawa Kazumasa , Eriguchi Reo , Satake Shohei , Nuida Koji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrivate Simultaneous Messages (PSM) model is a minimal model for secure multiparty computation. Feige, Kilian, and Naor (STOC 1994) and Ishai (Cryptology and Information Security Series 2013) constructed PSM protocols based on quadratic residues. In this paper, we define QR-PSM protocols as a generalization of these protocols. A QR-PSM protocol is a PSM protocol whose decoding function outputs the quadratic residuosity modulo p of what is computed from messages. We design a QR-PSM protocol for any symmetric function $$f: \{0,1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}$$

f
:

{
0
,
1
}

n

→

{
0
,
1
}

of communication complexity $$O(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

. As far as we know, it is the most efficient PSM protocol for symmetric functions since the previously known best PSM protocol was of $$O(n^2\log n)$$

O
(

n
2

log
n
)

(Beimel et al., CRYPTO 2014). We also study the sizes of the underlying finite fields $$\mathbb {F}_p$$

F
p

in the protocols since the communication complexity of a QR-PSM protocol is proportional to the bit length of the prime p. We show that there is a prime $$p \le (1+o(1))N^22^{2N-2}$$

p
≤

(
1
+
o

(
1
)

)

N
2

2

2
N
-
2

such that any length-N pattern of quadratic (non)residues appears modulo p (and hence it can be used for general QR-PSM protocols), which improves the Peralta’s known result (Mathematics of Computation 1992) by a constant factor $$(1+\sqrt{2})^2$$

(
1
+

2

)

2

.
The professional identities of prospective mathematics teachers who teach through programming
Authors: Kaufmann Odd Tore , Maugesten Marianne , Meaney Tamsin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs has been the case in many countries around the world, the new Norwegian curriculum from 2020 included programming as part of mathematics education. However, little is known about how prospective teachers perceive this addition in regard to their developing professional identities. When the results from an electronic survey of 394 prospective teachers showed unexpected findings, five of the subjects were asked to participate in a focus group interview in order to explore some of these results. The focus group interview was conducted to understand how prospective teachers considered the past, present and future aspects of their professional identities as teachers of mathematics through programming. The results reveal that, although the prospective teachers had little experience of programming, they were positive regarding its implementation in mathematics lessons because they identified themselves as digital natives; they therefore believed that learning to program would be easy. They aligned themselves with their students, as masters of technology, in contrast to their future colleagues, whom they implicitly described as digital immigrants. The findings of this study have implications for teacher education. Even if the prospective teachers have a positive attitude toward programming and consider themselves digitally competent, a limited understanding of how programming can be integrated into their mathematics teaching will affect the identities that they see for themselves as teachers who teach mathematics through programming.
Expert adoption of composite indices: a randomized experiment on migrant resettlement decisions in Bangladesh
Authors: Kolstad Ivar , Karim Azreen , Lujala Päivi , Wiig Arne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn settings where complex social decisions are made, information is often aggregated into indices to facilitate decision making. The value added of such composite indices depends, inter alia, on the extent to which decision makers trust and make use of them. This paper presents a randomized experiment on the use of an index designed to inform migrant resettlement decisions, using 410 graduate students in Bangladesh as respondents. Respondents were randomly assigned to control and treatment conditions. In the control group, respondents faced a discrete choice experiment where they were asked to allocate 1000 migrants between two locations described by five attributes (availability of cropland, distance to hospital, distance to school, poverty incidence, frequency of floods, droughts and cyclones). In the treatment group, respondents also had access to the migrant resettlement index for the two locations. Results show that the resettlement index is used by the respondents, and mechanism analyses suggest this is due to perceptions of improved benefits to costs from using the index to make decisions. Results from the control group also suggest that past adverse environmental events are particularly important for resettlement decisions, but less so for respondents who grew up in areas where such events were frequent.
Hot and dry compound events in South America: present climate and future projections, and their association with the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Collazo Soledad , Barrucand Mariana , Rusticucci Matilde 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCompound hot and dry events can cause greater impacts than those generated by individual extreme events. Understanding the physical mechanisms that lead to their development is particularly important for an early warning. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of global climate models (GCMs) to simulate hot/dry compound events in South America (SA) during the historical period 1979–2014, in comparison with observational and reanalysis datasets. Additionally, this work seeks to investigate the potential changes in these events under two future climate scenarios for the period 2065–2100. Furthermore, we analyze the spatial patterns of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the Pacific Ocean associated with these events in tropical and extratropical SA. In the historical period, reanalysis tends to overestimate the number of hot/dry events, while the ensemble median of GCMs performs better than the individual ones. The future projections under the high emissions scenario show longer heat waves, but a low model agreement about the number of compound events in tropical SA. For southern SA, an increase in the annual frequency of compound events is projected, and more than two hot/dry events per year are expected to occur relative to the 1979–2014 baseline. Finally, we find that compound events in tropical SA are favored during the El Niño phase, even though two other SSTA patterns have gained prominence in recent years. In southern SA, hot/dry events are associated with the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the La Niña phase.
Recent Advances in the Comprehension and Regulation of Lattice Oxygen Oxidation Mechanism in Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Xiaokang , He Zexing , Ajmal Muhammad , Shi Chengxiang , Gao Ruijie , Pan Lun , Huang Zhen-Feng , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji-Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater electrolysis, a process for producing green hydrogen from renewable energy, plays a crucial role in the transition toward a sustainable energy landscape and the realization of the hydrogen economy. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical step in water electrolysis and is often limited by its slow kinetics. Two main mechanisms, namely the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), are commonly considered in the context of OER. However, designing efficient catalysts based on either the AEM or the LOM remains a topic of debate, and there is no consensus on whether activity and stability are directly related to a certain mechanism. Considering the above, we discuss the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of AEM and LOM. Additionally, we provide insights on leveraging the LOM to develop highly active and stable OER catalysts in future. For instance, it is essential to accurately differentiate between reversible and irreversible lattice oxygen redox reactions to elucidate the LOM. Furthermore, we discuss strategies for effectively activating lattice oxygen to achieve controllable steady-state exchange between lattice oxygen and an electrolyte (OH− or H2O). Additionally, we discuss the use of in situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations as promising avenues for further elucidating the LOM.
Mapping Surface Water Presence and Hyporheic Flow Properties of Headwater Stream Networks With Multispectral Satellite Imagery
Authors: Dralle D. N. , Lapides D. A. , Rempe D. M. , Hahm W. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGrowth and contraction of headwater stream networks determine habitat extent, and open a window to the hyporheic zone. A fundamental challenge is observation of this process: wetted channel extent is dynamic in space and time, with wetted channel length varying by orders of magnitude over the course of a single storm event in headwater catchments. To date, observational data sets are produced from boots‐on‐the‐ground campaigns, drone imaging, or flow presence sensors, which are often laborious and limited in their spatial and temporal extents. Here, we evaluate satellite imagery as a means to detect wetted channel extent via machine learning methods trained on local surveys of wetted channel extent. Even where channel features are smaller than the imagery's spatial resolution, the presence of surface water may be imprinted upon the spectral signature of an individual pixel. For two catchments in northern California with minimal riparian canopy cover and highly dynamic wetted channel extent, we train a random forest model on RapidEye imagery captured contemporaneously with the existing surveys to predict wetted channel extent (accuracy >91%). The model is used to produce length‐discharge (L‐Q) relations and to calculate spatially distributed estimates of channel hyporheic flow capacity and exchange. A sharp break in hyporheic flow capacity occurs from main stem channels to lower order tributaries, resulting in a stepped L‐Q relationship that cannot be captured by traditionally used power law models. Remotely sensed imagery is a powerful tool for mapping wetted channels at high spatial resolution.
Respiration Patterns in the Dark Ocean
Authors: Sulpis Olivier , Trossman David S. , Holzer Mark , Jeansson Emil , Lauvset Siv K. , Middelburg Jack J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the dark ocean, respiring organisms are the main sink for dissolved oxygen. The respiration rate in a given seawater volume can be quantified through dissolved oxygen drawdown or organic matter consumption as a function of time. Estimates of dissolved oxygen utilization rates (OUR) abound in the literature, but are typically obtained using proxies of questionable accuracy, often with low vertical resolution, and neglecting key regions such as the Southern and Indian oceans. Respiration rates based on particulate (POC) or dissolved (DOC) organic carbon are also sparsely observed and for DOC are unavailable in many regions. Consequently, the relative contributions of POC or DOC as a respiration substrate in the dark ocean are unknown. Here, we use recent datasets of true oxygen utilization, seawater age, and DOC to derive OUR and DOC consumption‐rate profiles in 10 oceanic regions. We demonstrate that although DOC and POC consumption rates are globally consistent with OUR, they underestimate OUR in the deep, suggesting strong oxygen utilization at the seafloor. In the abyss, we find a negative correlation of the DOC consumption rate with seawater age, suggesting that DOC reactivity decreases along the deep branch of the conveyor circulation. Our results highlight that benthic organisms are sensitive to perturbations in the surface production of organic matter and to large‐scale circulation changes that affect its supply to the abyss.
Thoracic adipose tissue contributes to severe virus infection of the lung
Authors: Hornung Franziska , Schulz Luise , Köse-Vogel Nilay , Häder Antje , Grießhammer Jana , Wittschieber Daniel , Autsch Angelina , Ehrhardt Christina , Mall Gita , Löffler Bettina , Deinhardt-Emmer Stefanie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
Obesity is an independent risk factor for severe influenza virus and COVID-19 infections. There might be an interplay between adipose tissue and respiratory pathogens, although the mechanism is unknown. Proinflammatory factors secreted by the adipose tissue are often discussed to serve as indirect contributor to virus infection. However, the direct potential of adipose tissue to serve as a viral niche has not yet been investigated.

Methods
Two murine obesity models (DIO and ob/ob) were infected with influenza A virus (IAV) and monitored for 3 weeks. p.i. Lung and adipose tissue were harvested, and the viral load was analysed. Direct replication of IAV in vitro was investigated in human derived primary adipocytes and macrophages. The indirect impact of the secretory products of adipocytes during infection was analysed in a co-culture system with lung fibroblasts. Moreover, lung and adipose tissue was harvested from deceased patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. Additionally, replication of SARS-CoV-2 alpha, delta, and omicron variants was investigated in vitro in adipocytes and macrophages.

Results
Both murine obesity models presented high IAV titers compared to non-obese mice. Interestingly, adipose tissue adjacent to the lungs was a focal point for influenza virus replication in mice. We further detected IAV replication and antiviral response in human adipocytes. Co-cultivation of adipocytes and lung fibroblasts led to increased IL-8 concentration during infection. Though we observed SARS-CoV-2 in the thoracic adipose tissue of COVID-19 patients, no active replication was found in adipocytes in vitro. However, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the macrophages and this finding was associated with increased inflammation.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that thoracic adipose tissue contributes to respiratory virus infection. Besides indirect induction of proinflammatory factors during infection, adipocytes and macrophages within the tissue can directly support viral replication.
Being overweight worsens the relationship between urinary sodium excretion and albuminuria: the Wakuya study
Authors: Tagawa Kaname , Tsuru Yusuke , Yokoi Katsumi , Aonuma Takanori , Hashimoto Junichiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background/objectives
(Micro)albuminuria (a manifestation of renal microvascular damage) is an independent predictor of mortality risk, even when the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio is ≥ 10 mg/g in the general population. Excessive sodium intake and obesity are strong predictors of cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of obesity on the relationship between sodium intake and albuminuria is not fully understood.

Subjects/methods
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cross-sectional relationships among dietary sodium intake, obesity, and albuminuria in a general population cohort. Subjects were 928 apparently healthy adults. Body mass index was calculated using the height and body weight. Urinary sodium/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios were measured in spot urine samples. Estimated 24-h urinary sodium/creatinine ratio (e24UNa/Cr) was assessed using age, height, body weight, and spot urinary sodium/creatinine ratio.

Results
Both the body mass index and e24UNa/Cr positively correlated with the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (both, P < 0.001), and had a synergistic effect on increasing urinary albumin/creatinine ratio independent of age, sex, mean arterial pressure, and diabetes (interaction P = 0.04). When subjects were divided into 6 groups according to the tertiles of e24UNa/Cr and body mass index < (normal-weight) or ≥ 25 (overweight), the prevalence rate of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio ≥ 10 mg/g increased with rising e24UNa/Cr and being overweight (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
An increase in body mass index increases the positive association between urinary sodium excretion and (micro)albuminuria in the general population. Excess sodium intake may strengthen cardiovascular risk by increasing (micro)albuminuria, particularly in overweight individuals.
Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in spaceflight is minimized on lubricant impregnated surfaces
Authors: Flores Pamela , McBride Samantha A. , Galazka Jonathan M. , Varanasi Kripa K. , Zea Luis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe undesirable, yet inevitable, presence of bacterial biofilms in spacecraft poses a risk to the proper functioning of systems and to astronauts’ health. To mitigate the risks that arise from them, it is important to understand biofilms’ behavior in microgravity. As part of the Space Biofilms project, biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in spaceflight over material surfaces. Stainless Steel 316 (SS316) and passivated SS316 were tested for their relevance as spaceflight hardware components, while a lubricant impregnated surface (LIS) was tested as potential biofilm control strategy. The morphology and gene expression of biofilms were characterized. Biofilms in microgravity are less robust than on Earth. LIS strongly inhibits biofilm formation compared to SS. Furthermore, this effect is even greater in spaceflight than on Earth, making LIS a promising option for spacecraft use. Transcriptomic profiles for the different conditions are presented, and potential mechanisms of biofilm reduction on LIS are discussed.
Recent advances in flexible noninvasive electrodes for surface electromyography acquisition
Authors: Cheng Lian , Li Jun , Guo Aiying , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSurface electromyography (sEMG) is used to detect and analyze human muscle biopotential. Recently, flexible noninvasive electrodes (FNEs) have emerged to extract bioelectrical signals from individual bodies. For FNEs to be deployed as a central component of physiological signal acquisition, the quest for elevated signal-to-noise ratio and density is compelling owing to the small amplitude of sEMG. Herein, we review recent progress in FNEs for sEMG acquisition. We summarize the needed properties of FNEs, compare the differences between passive electrodes and active electrodes and exemplify applications of FNEs. We also conclude the current challenges and future opportunities in sEMG acquisition.
Transient naive reprogramming corrects hiPS cells functionally and epigenetically
Authors: Buckberry Sam , Liu Xiaodong , Poppe Daniel , Tan Jia Ping , Sun Guizhi , Chen Joseph , Nguyen Trung Viet , de Mendoza Alex , Pflueger Jahnvi , Frazer Thomas , Vargas-Landín Dulce B. , Paynter Jacob M. , Smits Nathan , Liu Ning , Ouyang John F. , Rossello Fernando J. , Chy Hun S. , Rackham Owen J. L. , Laslett Andrew L. , Breen James , Faulkner Geoffrey J. , Nefzger Christian M. , Polo Jose M. , Lister Ryan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCells undergo a major epigenome reconfiguration when reprogrammed to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS cells). However, the epigenomes of hiPS cells and human embryonic stem (hES) cells differ significantly, which affects hiPS cell function1–8. These differences include epigenetic memory and aberrations that emerge during reprogramming, for which the mechanisms remain unknown. Here we characterized the persistence and emergence of these epigenetic differences by performing genome-wide DNA methylation profiling throughout primed and naive reprogramming of human somatic cells to hiPS cells. We found that reprogramming-induced epigenetic aberrations emerge midway through primed reprogramming, whereas DNA demethylation begins early in naive reprogramming. Using this knowledge, we developed a transient-naive-treatment (TNT) reprogramming strategy that emulates the embryonic epigenetic reset. We show that the epigenetic memory in hiPS cells is concentrated in cell of origin-dependent repressive chromatin marked by H3K9me3, lamin-B1 and aberrant CpH methylation. TNT reprogramming reconfigures these domains to a hES cell-like state and does not disrupt genomic imprinting. Using an isogenic system, we demonstrate that TNT reprogramming can correct the transposable element overexpression and differential gene expression seen in conventional hiPS cells, and that TNT-reprogrammed hiPS and hES cells show similar differentiation efficiencies. Moreover, TNT reprogramming enhances the differentiation of hiPS cells derived from multiple cell types. Thus, TNT reprogramming corrects epigenetic memory and aberrations, producing hiPS cells that are molecularly and functionally more similar to hES cells than conventional hiPS cells. We foresee TNT reprogramming becoming a new standard for biomedical and therapeutic applications and providing a novel system for studying epigenetic memory.
Nuclear genetic control of mtDNA copy number and heteroplasmy in humans
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Kanai Masahiro , Durham Timothy J. , Tsuo Kristin , McCoy Jason G. , Kotrys Anna V. , Zhou Wei , Chinnery Patrick F. , Karczewski Konrad J. , Calvo Sarah E. , Neale Benjamin M. , Mootha Vamsi K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a maternally inherited, high-copy-number genome required for oxidative phosphorylation1. Heteroplasmy refers to the presence of a mixture of mtDNA alleles in an individual and has been associated with disease and ageing. Mechanisms underlying common variation in human heteroplasmy, and the influence of the nuclear genome on this variation, remain insufficiently explored. Here we quantify mtDNA copy number (mtCN) and heteroplasmy using blood-derived whole-genome sequences from 274,832 individuals and perform genome-wide association studies to identify associated nuclear loci. Following blood cell composition correction, we find that mtCN declines linearly with age and is associated with variants at 92 nuclear loci. We observe that nearly everyone harbours heteroplasmic mtDNA variants obeying two principles: (1) heteroplasmic single nucleotide variants tend to arise somatically and accumulate sharply after the age of 70 years, whereas (2) heteroplasmic indels are maternally inherited as mixtures with relative levels associated with 42 nuclear loci involved in mtDNA replication, maintenance and novel pathways. These loci may act by conferring a replicative advantage to certain mtDNA alleles. As an illustrative example, we identify a length variant carried by more than 50% of humans at position chrM:302 within a G-quadruplex previously proposed to mediate mtDNA transcription/replication switching2,3. We find that this variant exerts cis-acting genetic control over mtDNA abundance and is itself associated in-trans with nuclear loci encoding machinery for this regulatory switch. Our study suggests that common variation in the nuclear genome can shape variation in mtCN and heteroplasmy dynamics across the human population.