bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic impact of polyphenol-rich aronia fruit juice mediated by inflammation status of gut microbiome donors in humanized mouse model
Authors: Wilson Stephanie M. G. , Peach Jesse T. , Fausset Hunter , Miller Zachary T. , Walk Seth T. , Yeoman Carl J. , Bothner Brian , Miles Mary P. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe Aronia melanocarpa fruit is emerging as a health food owing to its high polyphenolic content and associated antioxidant activity. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as Aronia fruit, may counter inflammatory stimuli and positively modulate the gut microbiome. However, a comprehensive study characterizing the impact of Aronia fruit supplementation has not been completed. Therefore, we completed analyses measuring the metabolic, microbial, and inflammatory effects of a diet supplemented with Aronia fruit juice.MethodHumanized mice were generated by colonizing gnotobiotic mice with microbiomes from human donors presenting disparate inflammation levels. Blood and fecal samples were collected throughout the course of an 8-week dietary intervention with either Aronia juice or a carbohydrate-matched beverage alone (2 weeks) or in combination with a high-fat diet to induce inflammation (6 weeks). Samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (stool) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (serum).ResultsWe demonstrated transfer of microbiome composition and diversity and metabolic characteristics from humans with low and high inflammation levels to second-generation humanized mice. Aronia supplementation provided robust protection against high-fat diet induced metabolic and microbiome changes that were dependent in part on microbiome donor. Aronia induced increases in bacteria of the Eggerthellaceae genus (7-fold) which aligns with its known ability to metabolize (poly)phenols and in phosphatidylcholine metabolites which are consistent with improved gut barrier function. The gut microbiome from a low inflammation phenotype donor provided protection against high-fat diet induced loss of microbiome β-diversity and global metabolomic shifts compared to that from the high inflammation donor.ConclusionThese metabolic changes elucidate pathway-specific drivers of reduced inflammation stemming from both Aronia and the gut microbiota.
Prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer patients with ultrasonic videos based deep learning
Authors: Li Wei-Bin , Du Zhi-Cheng , Liu Yue-Jie , Gao Jun-Xue , Wang Jia-Gang , Dai Qian , Huang Wen-He 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo develop a deep learning (DL) model for predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis using dynamic ultrasound (US) videos in breast cancer patients.MethodsA total of 271 US videos from 271 early breast cancer patients collected from Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University andShantou Central Hospitabetween September 2019 and June 2021 were used as the training, validation, and internal testing set (testing set A). Additionally, an independent dataset of 49 US videos from 49 patients with breast cancer, collected from Shanghai 10th Hospital of Tongji University from July 2021 to May 2022, was used as an external testing set (testing set B). All ALN metastases were confirmed using pathological examination. Three different convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with R2 + 1D, TIN, and ResNet-3D architectures were used to build the models. The performance of the US video DL models was compared with that of US static image DL models and axillary US examination performed by ultra-sonographers. The performances of the DL models and ultra-sonographers were evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, gradient class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technology was also used to enhance the interpretability of the models.ResultsAmong the three US video DL models, TIN showed the best performance, achieving an AUC of 0.914 (95% CI: 0.843-0.985) in predicting ALN metastasis in testing set A. The model achieved an accuracy of 85.25% (52/61), with a sensitivity of 76.19% (16/21) and a specificity of 90.00% (36/40). The AUC of the US video DL model was superior to that of the US static image DL model (0.856, 95% CI: 0.753-0.959, P&lt;0.05). The Grad-CAM technology confirmed the heatmap of the model, which highlighted important subregions of the keyframe for ultra-sonographers’ review.ConclusionA feasible and improved DL model to predict ALN metastasis from breast cancer US video images was developed. The DL model in this study with reliable interpretability would provide an early diagnostic strategy for the appropriate management of axillary in the early breast cancer patients.
Changes in gut microbiota composition after 12 weeks of a home-based lifestyle intervention in breast cancer survivors during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Donati Zeppa Sabrina , Natalucci Valentina , Agostini Deborah , Vallorani Luciana , Amatori Stefano , Sisti Davide , Rocchi Marco B. L. , Pazienza Valerio , Perri Francesco , Villani Annacandida , Binda Elena , Panebianco Concetta , Mencarelli Gandino , Ciuffreda Luigi , Ferri Marini Carlo , Annibalini Giosué , Lucertini Francesco , Bartolacci Alessia , Imperio Marta , Virgili Edy , Catalano Vincenzo , Piccoli Giovanni , Stocchi Vilberto , Emili Rita , Barbieri Elena 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week home-based lifestyle intervention (based on nutrition and exercise) on gut microbial composition in twenty BC survivors of the MoviS clinical trial (protocol: NCT 04818359).MethodsGut microbiota analysis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, anthropometrics, Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, and cardiometabolic parameters were evaluated before (Pre) and after (Post) the lifestyle intervention (LI).ResultsBeneficial effects of the LI were observed on MD adherence, and cardiometabolic parameters (pre vs post). A robust reduction of Proteobacteria was observed after LI, which is able to reshape the gut microbiota by modulating microorganisms capable of decreasing inflammation and others involved in improving the lipid and glycemic assets of the host. A significant negative correlation between fasting glucose and Clostridia_vadinBB60 (r = -0.62), insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index and Butyricicoccus genera (r = -0.72 and -0.66, respectively), and HDL cholesterol and Escherichia/Shigella (r = -0.59) have been reported. Moreover, positive correlations were found between MD adherence and Lachnospiraceae_ND3007 (r = 0.50), Faecalibacterium (r = 0.38) and Butyricimonas (r = 0.39).ConclusionThese data suggest that adopting a healthy lifestyle, may contribute to ameliorate several biological parameters that could be involved in the prevention of cancer relapses through the modulation of gut microbiota.
Impact of level of neonatal care on phlebotomy and blood transfusion in extremely low birthweight infants: a prospective, multicenter, observational study
Authors: Kitsommart Ratchada , Limrungsikul Anchalee , Tongsawang Numtip , Thamwiriyakul Nirucha , Deesomchok Areeya , Pithakton Nuttanan , Paes Bosco 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the level of neonatal care on cumulative phlebotomy loss (cPL) and red cell transfusions in extremely low birthweight [ELBW; birthweight (BW) &lt;1,000 g] infants, up to 40 weeks post-conceptual age (PCA). The secondary objective was to determine the associations between cPL and number of transfusions and between transfusions and hospital outcomes.MethodsA prospective, comparative, observational study was conducted in two level IV and two level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Thailand. Daily cPL volume and number of blood tests were recorded. Descriptive data are reported as frequency and percentage for categorical variables and median [25th percentile (P25), 75th percentile (P75)] for continuous data according to the data distribution. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results210 ELBW infants were included; 99 and 111 were admitted to level IV and level III NICUs, respectively. Birth weight of level IV infants was lower 780.0 [660.0, 875.0] vs. 865.0 [723.0, 930.0] g; p &lt; 0.001]. Initial group hematocrits were similar (43.1% vs. 44.0%, p = 0.47). cPL for each infant was 28.1 [16.5, 46.4] ml. Level IV infants had more tests (n = 89 [54, 195] vs. 59 [37, 88], p &lt; 0.001). Counterintuitively, there was a lower cPL trend in level IV infants, but this was insignificant (19.6 [12.3, 52.3] vs. 28.9 [19.3, 45.3] ml; p = 0.06). The number of transfusions in both NICUs was similar 4 [2, 6], with a strong correlation between cPL and number of transfusions (r = 0.79, p &lt; 0.001). Transfusions were significantly associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD; adjusted RR (95% CI): 2.6 (1.2, 5.3), p = 0.01].ConclusionsLevel IV NICUs conducted more blood tests in ELBW infants without a difference in cPL, and number of transfusions. Cumulative PL correlated with number of transfusions and was associated with BPD risk. Minimizing cPL by point-of-care tests and restrictive transfusion criteria, may reduce need for transfusion.
Comparative analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness, bio-motor abilities, and body composition indicators among sprint kayakers of different age groups and expertise levels
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zhao Liqiu 
Published: September 2023

This study compared cardiorespiratory fitness, bio-motor abilities, and body composition indexes of sprint kayakers categorized into three different age groups and two expertise levels of international- and club-level athletes. Seventy-three male juniors (n = 14, age = 16.2 ± 0.8), under 23 [U23 (n = 15, age = 20.2 ± 1.6)], professionals (n = 16, age = 27.1 ± 4.8), club-level (n = 15, age = 26.9 ± 6.6), and international-level (n = 13, age = 27.3 ± 3.2) sprint kayakers were studied. Cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed using incremental exercise test), 500 and 1,000-m paddling performance (assessed using kayak ergometer), upper-body power (assessed using 30 s all-out Wingate test) and strength (assessed through one repetition tests for bench press, cable row, and prone bench pull exercises), as well as body composition indexes (measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were evaluated on four occasions separated by 48 h recovery. U23 and, especially, professionals indicated significantly (p &lt; 0.05) greater outcomes for the majority of the cardiorespiratory fitness parameters [maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), velocity corresponding to VO2max, Oxygen pulse, maximal ventilation, and second ventilatory threshold] and 500 and 1,000-m performance. U23 and professional sprint kayakers significantly (p &lt; 0.05) differed in the first ventilatory threshold and 500, and 1,000-m performance but not in VO2max or the second ventilatory threshold. Professionals also showed a lower fat mass, higher muscle mass, and higher strength (bench press, prone bench pull, and seated cable row) and power than U23 and junior kayakers. Strength and power indicators had significantly greater values in U23 athletes compared to juniors. International-level athletes also showed superior VO2max, velocity corresponding to VO2max, middle (500-m), and long-distance (1,000-m) time trial performance, strength and power, lower fat, and higher muscle mass than club-level sprint kayakers. Cardiorespiratory fitness (particularly ventilatory threshold), body composition, and muscle strength/power are the best differentiating factors for sprint kayakers of different ages and expertise levels. These findings could aid coaches in prescribing training programs focusing on improving determining factors in paddling performance, as well as in predicting performance and identifying talent.
Determinants of experience & satisfaction in telehealth psychiatry during the COVID-19 pandemic for patients & providers
Authors: Morreale Michael , Cohen Ilana , Van Wert Michael , Beccera Alexis , Miller Leslie , Narrow William , Schweizer Barbara , Straub Jason , Zandi Peter , Ruble Anne 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to characterize the experiences and overall satisfaction of patients and providers with the March 2020 transition to telehealth in a psychiatric setting (telepsychiatry). The study also investigated how socio-demographic and clinical characteristics impact an individual’s experiences and satisfaction with telepsychiatry.MethodsResponses were collected from 604 patients and 154 providers engaged in clinical care at one of three participating Johns Hopkins Medicine outpatient psychiatric clinics between January 2020–March 2021. Survey data were collected by self-report via Qualtrics or telephone follow-up.ResultsRespondents were predominately female and White. Over 70% of patients and providers were generally satisfied with telepsychiatry. However, providers were more likely to favor in-person care over telepsychiatry for post-pandemic care 48% to 17% respectively, while 35% rated both modalities equivalently. Patients were more evenly divided with 45% preferring telepsychiatry compared to 42% for in-person care, and only 13% rating them equivalently. Among providers, technical difficulties were significantly associated with both less satisfaction and lower preference for telepsychiatry [odds ratio for satisfaction (ORS) = 0.12; odds ratio for preference (ORP) = 0.13]. For patients, factors significantly associated with both lower satisfaction and lower preference for telepsychiatry included technical difficulties (ORS = 0.20; ORP = 0.41), unstable access to the internet (ORS = 0.46; ORP = 0.50), worsening depression (ORS = 0.38; ORP = 0.36), and worsening anxiety (ORS = 0.41; ORP = 0.40). Factors associated with greater satisfaction and higher preference for telepsychiatry among patients included higher education (ORS = 2.13; ORP = 1.96) and a decrease in technical difficulties over time (ORS = 2.86; ORP = 2.35).DiscussionPatients and providers were satisfied with telepsychiatry. However, there were greater differences between them in preferences for continuing to use telepsychiatry post-pandemic. These findings highlight factors that influence patient and provider preferences and should be addressed to optimize the use of telepsychiatry in the future.
Belatacept and carfilzomib-based treatment for antibody-mediated rejection in a sensitized nonhuman primate kidney transplantation model
Authors: Schmitz Robin , Manook Miriam , Fitch Zachary , Anwar Imran , DeLaura Isabel , Olaso Danae , Choi Ashley , Yoon Janghoon , Bae Yeeun , Song Mingqing , Farris Alton B. , Kwun Jean , Knechtle Stuart 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionOne-third of HLA-incompatible kidney transplant recipients experience antibody mediated rejection (AMR) with limited treatment options. This study describes a novel treatment strategy for AMR consisting of proteasome inhibition and costimulation blockade with or without complement inhibition in a nonhuman primate model of kidney transplantation.MethodsAll rhesus macaques in the present study were sensitized to maximally MHC-mismatched donors by two sequential skin transplants prior to kidney transplant from the same donor. All primates received induction therapy with rhesus-specific ATG (rhATG) and were maintained on various immunosuppressive regimens. Primates were monitored postoperatively for signs of acute AMR, which was defined as worsening kidney function resistant to high dose steroid rescue therapy, and a rise in serum donor-specific antibody (DSA) levels. Kidney biopsies were performed to confirm AMR using Banff criteria. AMR treatment consisted of carfilzomib and belatacept for a maximum of four weeks with or without complement inhibitor.ResultsTreatment with carfilzomib and belatacept was well tolerated and no treatment-specific side effects were observed. After initiation of treatment, we observed a reduction of class I and class II DSA in all primates. Most importantly, primates had improved kidney function evident by reduced serum creatinine and BUN as well as increased urine output. A four-week treatment was able to extend graft survival by up to two months.DiscussionIn summary, combined carfilzomib and belatacept effectively treated AMR in our highly sensitized nonhuman primate model, resulting in normalization of renal function and prolonged allograft survival. This regimen may translate into clinical practice to improve outcomes of patients experiencing AMR.
Drivable Agricultural Road Region Detection Based on Pixel-Level Segmentation with Contextual Representation Augmentation
Authors: Sun Yefeng , Gong Liang , Zhang Wei , Gao Bishu , Li Yanming , Liu Chengliang 
Published: September 2023

Drivable area detection is crucial for the autonomous navigation of agricultural robots. However, semi-structured agricultural roads are generally not marked with lanes and their boundaries are ambiguous, which impedes the accurate segmentation of drivable areas and consequently paralyzes the robots. This paper proposes a deep learning network model for realizing high-resolution segmentation of agricultural roads by leveraging contextual representations to augment road objectness. The backbone adopts HRNet to extract high-resolution road features in parallel at multiple scales. To strengthen the relationship between pixels and corresponding object regions, we use object-contextual representations (OCR) to augment the feature representations of pixels. Finally, a differentiable binarization (DB) decision head is used to perform threshold-adaptive segmentation for road boundaries. To quantify the performance of our method, we used an agricultural semi-structured road dataset and conducted experiments. The experimental results show that the mIoU reaches 97.85%, and the Boundary IoU achieves 90.88%. Both the segmentation accuracy and the boundary quality outperform the existing methods, which shows the tailored segmentation networks with contextual representations are beneficial to improving the detection accuracy of the semi-structured drivable areas in agricultural scene.
A Novel Way of Optimizing Headlight Distributions Based on Real Life Traffic and Eye Tracking Data Part 1: Idealized Baseline Distribution
Authors: Kobbert Jonas , Erkan Anil , Bullough John D. , Khanh Tran Quoc 
Published: September 2023

In order to find optimized headlight distributions based on real traffic data, a three-step approach is chosen. Since the complete investigations are too extensive to fit into a single publication, this paper is the first in a series of three publications. Over three papers, a novel way to optimize automotive headlight distributions based on real-life traffic and eye-tracking data is presented, based on 119 test subjects who participated in over 15,000 km of driving, including recordings of gaze behavior, light data, detection distances, and other objects in traffic. In the present paper, a baseline headlight distribution is derived from a series of detection tests conducted under ideal conditions, with a total of three tests, each with 19–30 subjects, conducted within the same test environment. In the first test, the influence of low beam intensity on the detection of pedestrians on the sidewalk (5.0 m from the center of the driving lane) is investigated. In the second test, the influence of different high beam intensities was investigated for the same detection task. In the third test, the headlight distribution and intensity are kept constant at a representative high beam level, but the detection task is changed. In this test, the pedestrian detection target is placed along different detection angles, ranging from immediately adjacent to the road (2.5°) to 15.5 m away from the center of the driving lane (8.0°). As mentioned, all of these tests were conducted under ideal conditions, with the studies taking place on an airfield with a 1.2 km long straight road and normal road markings, but without oncoming traffic, tasks other than keeping the vehicle with cruise control within its lane, or other distracting objects present. The tests yielded two sets of data; the first is the intensity, based on the first two studies, needed to ensure sufficient intensity to detect objects under ideal conditions at distances needed for different driving speeds. The last test then uses these intensities and necessary variations in the required intensity to create an idealized, symmetric headlight distribution as a baseline for subsequent publications. Although the distribution applies only to passenger vehicles like the one used in the test, the same approach could be applied to other vehicle types. The second paper of this series will focus on real traffic objects and their distributions within the traffic space in order to identify relevant areas in headlight distribution when driving under real traffic conditions. The third paper of this series will analyze driver gaze distributions during real driving scenarios. The data from all three papers are used to create optimized headlight distributions, thereby showing how such an optimized distribution relates to current headlight distributions in terms of luminous flux, intensity, and overall distribution.
Comparative analysis of various soft tissue augmentation technique effectiveness around implants
Authors: Ashurko I. P. , Magdalyanova M. L. , Galyas A. I. , Balyasin M. V. , Skulbeda D. V. , Krylova D. А. , Tarasenko S. V. 
Published: September 2023

Relevance. Today soft tissue augmentation is performed with autogenous and xenografts to achieve optimal gingival parameters around implants. It is worth noting the lack of clinical studies aimed at a comparative analysis of the postoperative condition of patients and aesthetic parameters.Purpose. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical advantages and disadvantages of collagen matrix and autografts in soft tissue augmentation around dental implants.Material and methods. Thirty-two patients with soft tissue thickness deficiency around intended implantation formed two groups: Group 1 had a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) during surgery, and Group 2 had a xenogeneic collagen matrix (CM). In the postoperative period, we assessed the surgery duration, the severity of postoperative pain (VAS scale) and ooedema, daily NSAID dose, quality of life (OHIP-14), and pink aesthetics (PES).Results. The surgery duration was 30.31 ± 6.98 (SD) and 26.31 ± 6.81 (SD) minutes in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.111). Patients in group 1 had more pronounced postoperative pain. On day one after the surgery, the mean value was 3.06 ± 1.73 (SD) in group 1 and 1.94 ± 1.48 (SD) in group 2 (p = 0.002). Patients in group 1 more often took NSAIDs on days 1 and 3 after surgery: 2.00 (Q1 1.00, Q3 3.00) and 1.50 (Q1 0.00, Q3 2.00), respectively, than patients in group 2: 1.00 (Q1 1.00, Q3 2.00) and 0.00 (Q1 0.00, Q3 1.00). Patients of Group 2 showed a more pronounced collateral oedema on days 1 and 3 (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the reduction in quality of life between patients in both groups. The aesthetic results in Group 1 were better than in Group 2 by the shape of the alveolar ridge and marginal soft tissue level. There was no difference in the colour of soft tissues between the surgical area and surrounding tissues in almost all patients.Conclusion. The CM provides a more comfortable postoperative period but, however, leads to more pronounced collateral ooedema. The SCTG demonstrates the best aesthetic result of the treatment.