bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic model for estimation of the tire contact patch by using machine vision techniques
Authors: derafshpour sajjad , mardani aref , valizadeh morteza 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The maximum acceleration that can be achieved by the car is limited by two main factors of maximum torque in the drive wheels and the maximum traction force in the contact patch. The first factor depends on the performance of the engine and the transmission system in the drivetrain dynamics, and the second factor depends on the friction between the tire and the contact patch. The importance of investigating the contact patch is valuable from perspective of increasing traction efficiency to reducing fuel consumption. In this study, a novel method based on image processing techniques was utilized to dynamically measure contact patch. Then, contact patch was modeled by the Bat algorithm considering the load on the tire and inflation pressure. Finally, the model was evaluated visually and statistically. Coefficient of determination (R2) for this model was 0.95.
Urea-creatinine ratio (UCR) predicts the long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients after surgery
Authors: Yuan Qinggang , Yuan Lihua , Zhang Liang , Liu Lixiang , Zhou Shizhen , Zhang Tiantian , Ding Chao , Guan Wenxian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The muscle mass of tumor patients could significantly affect the prognosis of patients. Urea-creatinine ratio (UCR) was considered related to skeletal muscle catabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of preoperative UCR to predict postoperative long-term prognosis and to verify the relationship between UCR and muscle mass in colorectal cancer patients.
Method
221 patients with colorectal cancer underwent surgery in the study. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to determine the risk factors for long-term prognosis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to determine the optimal prognostic cut-off value of UCR. The patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off value to explore the relationship between UCR and the long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. The same approach was used for subgroup analysis of patients with stage III tumors. Correlation analysis was implemented between the patient's preoperative UCR and the muscle parameters of the L3 cross-section scanned by CT.
Results
221 patients were included from January 2015 to January 2019. Among them, 22 died, and 29 relapsed within 3 years. Multivariate analysis showed that age, BMI, serum creatinine (Scr), UCR, and tumor stage were associated with postoperative overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P<0.05). The area under the ROC for predicting 3-year overall survival and recurrence was 0.789 (95%CI: 0.691-0.888, p<0.001), 0.739 (95%CI: 0.581-0.847, p<0.001) in all patients respectively, and in stage III patients were 0.704 (95%CI:0.581-0.826, p=0.007), 0.709 (95%CI:0.595-0.824, p=0.003) respectively. Compared with the UCR low group stratified by a cut-off value of 2.65, the UCR high group had increased risk both for death 0.704 (95%CI:0.581-0.826, p=0.007) and recurrence (0.709 (95%CI:0.595-0.824, p=0.003). In addition, UCR level was significantly associated with skeletal muscle mass (R2=0.320, p<0.01).
Conclusion
UCR level could effectively predict the long-term prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer after surgery. Patients with UCR above 2.65 had an increased risk of death and tumor recurrence. Moreover, UCR was positively associated with skeletal muscle mass.
Remanent Magnetization in the Proterozoic Basement Rocks of Iraq: the Southern Desert in Focus
Authors: Al-Bahadily Hayder A. , Al-Rahim Ali M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Utilizing aeromagnetic data, this research examines basement rocks in Iraq, focusing on the southwestern part, known as the Southern Desert. The basement has particular importance since it is deep and has not been discovered directly yet. The purpose of this study is to outline regions of remanent magnetization, which have lithological, structural, and tectonic implementations using a recently proposed method by Smith et al. (2022) that transforms the magnetic data to the pole and vertical dip and subsequently estimates the apparent magnetic susceptibility. The results show the presence of remanent magnetization in the basement with different shapes and spatial extensions that predominately aligns in northwest-southeast and north-south directions in accordance with basement inherited weak zones. Further, these occurrences lie in particular tectonic zones and sub-zones. The results in the Southern Desert are consistent with a previous study that used two-dimensional forward modeling and mentioned remanent magnetization in two north-south-trending zones. Concerning the origin of the reversely magnetized bodies in Iraq, their distribution may suggest either faulting in a basement terrane (of reverse magnetization) with different displacement or intrusions of basic rocks within structural basins that are resulting from extensional tectonics.
Impact of Prophylactic Dexamethasone on the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Plus Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small- Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: HUI YU , Chen Jing-yu , Sheng Jin , Zhou Yi-xin , Zhang Xuanye , He Lina , Chu Qian , Zhang Li , Hong Shaodong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Baseline corticosteroids exposure was reportedly associated with inferior clinical outcomes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) axis blockade. Dexamethasone is a long-acting, potent corticosteroid that is regularly used in the prevention of chemotherapy-associated adverse events (CAAEs). Given that dexamethasone has potential immunosuppressive properties, it is important to consider its effects on the efficacy of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in patients with non-squamous NSCLC.Methods The study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 254 advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients who received front-line treatment with a PD-1 pathway inhibitor and platinum-based chemotherapy at three academic institutions—Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College (TJH) and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University (SRRSH). The average dosage of prophylactic dexamethasone per chemotherapy cycle was calculated. Patients were divided into three groups based on the dosage of dexamethasone: High-d (≥ 24 mg), Moderate-d (12–24 mg), and Low-d (< 12 mg). Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the correlation between the dosage of dexamethasone and progression-free survival (PFS) time. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the differences in PFS among the different groups of dexamethasone dosages.Result The dosage of prophylactic dexamethasone was not significantly correlated with PFS time (Spearman’s rho = -0.103, P = 0.098). The results from the univariate [hazard ratio (HR)Low−d/High−d, 1.00; P = 0.997; HRModerate−d/High−d, 0.85; P = 0.438] and multivariate (HRLow−d/High−d, 0.71; P = 0.174; HRModerate−d/High−d, 0.87; P = 0.512) analyses showed no significant association between dexamethasone and PFS. Dexamethasone also was not significantly linked to the objective response rate or disease control rate.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the use of prophylactic dexamethasone did not have an adverse effect on the clinical outcomes of non-squamous NSCLC patients treated with PD-1 blockade therapy and chemotherapy. Routine use of dexamethasone for preventing CAAEs should be recommended for patients undergoing combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Review of High-dose Insulin Infusion for the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia-induced Pancreatitis
Authors: Paplaczyk Krista , Mahmoud Ahmed A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP) is defined as pancreatitis associated with serum triglyceride (TG) levels exceeding 1,000 mg/dL. Current guidelines are lacking in regards to the optimum dose of high-dose insulin infusion (HDII).
Aim: We sought to describe our institutional HDII experience for the treatment of HTGP.
Method: This was a retrospective, single-center study of patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit between 9/1/2018 and 9/30/2020. Baseline patient characteristics, HDII dose and duration, TG response and use of rescue dextrose or potassium interventions were collected. Patients were excluded if they received therapeutic anticoagulation, plasmapheresis, or an insulin infusion not for HTGP. The primary outcome was the insulin infusion dose and the duration of HDII in relation to the change in serum TG levels. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of hypokalemic and hypoglycemic events.
Results: Twelve patients were included in the study. The median admission TG level was 2889.5 mg/dL with a subsequent decrease of 56% at the 24 hour time mark. The median starting dose was 0.09 units/kg/hr which remained stable throughout the treatment period. The median infusion duration was 51.5 hours. Hypokalemia was more common than hypoglycemia, however HDII was not discontinued due to any side effects.
Conclusion: Initiating HDII at approximately 0.1 units/kg/hr for HTGP is a safe and effective dose. Half of the patients responded by approximately the 48th hour. Judicious monitoring of serum potassium, glucose and maintenance fluids were required to avoid side effects. Further research comparing different HDII dosages is warranted.
The immune MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade prevents invasive pollen tube growth in young seeds
Authors: Vӧlz Ronny , Harris William , Lee Yong-Hwan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pollen tubes (PT) deliver the immotile sperm cells to the female gametes thereby enabling double fertilization. In Arabidopsis, several factors have been reported that restrict the entrance of a single PT in the female gametophyte. These factors are located in or are associated with the female gametophyte. However, sporophytic-originating signaling cascades, that govern PT reception and entrance in the female gametophyte, remained largely elusive. Disruption of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade by pathogenic effectors activates the resistance protein SUMM2-mediated immunity. The knockout of SUMM2 in the mekk1 and mkk1/mkk2 mutant reduces their strong autoimmunity and enables flowering and pollen tube attraction. Here, we present evidence that the plant immune-associated MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade prevents supernumerary PT invasion in the young seed. We found invasive PT growth after fertilization in mekk1/summ2 and mkk1/2/summ2 accompanied by a reduced seed formation. Deep inspection of the mpk4 single and mpk4/summ2 double mutant further revealed a SUMM2-independent invasive PT growth phenotype. The allele-transmission analysis of mpk4 indicates a sporophytic origin of this observed phenomenon. This outcome highlights a function of the defense-associated MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 signaling cascade in the prevention of invasive PT. Our results demonstrate that the sporophytic control of PT reception and entrance is adapted from defense mechanisms.
WITHDRAWN: Long-term monitoring of a permanent plot revealing the disturbance-recovery regime of the coniferous forest in subalpine Changbai Mountain of northeast China
Authors: Wu Shixiong , Deng Zhenyong , Liu Ying , Sun Zhen , Cong Mingzhu , Liu Qijing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Understanding long-term successional changes in old-growth forests affected by natural disturbance is particularly important in the context of contemporary climate changes. Quantitative descriptions of natural disturbance regimes require direct observations of tree populations over multiple decades, yet such studies are rare in the late-successional forest, particularly in the subalpine coniferous forest. Thus, we use four decades (1981–2022) monitoring of permanent plot in old-growth forest to reveal how tree species composition and structure changed. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in the total density and basal area and standing volume, which was caused by the gradual decline of largePicea jezoensisvar.komarovii. Meanwhile,Betula ermaniidominance increased over time. Analysis of spatial distribution patterns suggested that gap formation facilitatedBetula ermaniiadults andPicea jezoensisvar.komaroviioffspring naturally regenerate to coexist. Future canopy composition would mainly depend on a balance betweenBetula ermanii's saplings probability of entering the canopy layer and the co-dominants’ survival there. Taken together, we concluded that the late-successional spruce-fir forest is dynamic and does not show quasi-equilibrial properties at a small scale, whereas, climax vegetation is a complex shifting mosaic that is comprised of patches in different successional stages. Natural disturbance is the main reason for maintaining the climax vegetation distribution pattern. In the absence of large catastrophic disturbances, we expect the mosaic pattern may persist for long under a certain climate regime.
A Block Chain Approach to Extract Design Patterns from Source Code
Authors: Rezaei Shahla , Esmaeilpour Mansour , Hatamlou Abdolreza , Adabi Sepideh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Design patterns are an effective technique to develop software. However, a lack of suitable documents often reduces traceability, and advantages remain unclear in source lines of code (SLOC). Design patterns have proved to be reliable solutions to a number of frequent problems in object-oriented software design. The detection of design patterns in a software system contributes to maintainability and re-engineering and facilitates the understanding of codes. Furthermore, different implementations of a design pattern impede the detection of code pattern instances. A design pattern is a set of roles played by the code classes. Roles are the main details and determinants in patterns. A pattern can be detected in its defined role since it is an instance of a role. It is also of great importance in system documentation. The proposed method exploits blockchain-based approaches in order to identify code links, inter-code relationships, and pattern similarities to the code. The results demonstrate that the blockchain is effective and efficient in extracting the connections of features from source codes and adapting to design patterns with precision 97%.
Meteorological Drought Modelling by Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Baykal Tahsin , Terzi Özlem , Yıldırım Gülsün , Taylan Dilek 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The accurate prediction of drought events is important to relieve the negative consequences on water resources, ecosystems, and agriculture. Machine learning algorithms require less time and minimum input and are promising methods to predict drought because it is relatively less complicated than conventional models. In this study, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) is calculated for 3-, 6-, 9- and 12- months by using the monthly precipitation data of the Isparta, Eğirdir, Senirkent, Uluborlu, and Yalvaç meteorology measurement stations in Isparta, Turkey between 1964-2019. The calculated SPI values were used to develop the drought models by machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Extra Trees Regression, Support Vector Regression, Gradient Boosting, and Extreme Gradient Boost). The R2 and RMSE values are used in the assessment of the model results. In general, these algorithms gave good results for all calculated drought periods. Also, the results showed that the best result is obtained as 0.80 R2 by using Extra Trees algorithms for testing set of 12- month model. The relationship between model results and input parameters was interpreted using the Shapley Additive exPlanations algorithm one of the explainable artificial intelligences. It was seen that the most effective input on the Isparta station SPI values is Senirkent station.
HIV viral load suppression among people with mental disorders at two urban HIV Clinics in Uganda: a parallel convergent mixed methods study using the Social Ecological Model
Authors: Ndagire Regina , Wangi Rachel Nante , Ojiambo Kevin Ouma , Nangendo Joanita , Nakku Juliet , Muyinda Herbert , Semitala Fred Collins 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Uganda adopted and implemented the Universal Test and Treat (UTT) guidelines in 2017, which require HIV-infected persons to be initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at any CD4 + cell count, and to be routinely monitored for viral load to assess response to ART. However, there is paucity of data on viral load suppression (VLS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) with mental disorders. We conducted a parallel convergent mixed methods study to determine HIV VLS among people with a mental disorder and explored the socio-cultural determinants of VLS at Butabika hospital and Mulago (ISS) HIV Clinics in Uganda.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective medical records review; seven key informant interviews (KII) among purposively selected healthcare providers and 12 in-depth interviews (IDI) among clinically stable PLHIV with a mental disorder. Data was collected on demographics, mental disorder, ART, viral load status, social support, stigma, and disclosure of HIV status. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression, while Inductive thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data.
Results
Of the 240 PLHIV with a mental disorder who were enrolled, 161 (67.1%) were female with mean age 38.9 (± 11.2) years. Overall, 88.8% (95% Cl: 84.0% – 92.2%) achieved VLS. Age (aPR = 1.01, 95%Cl = 1.00-1.01), male gender (aPR = 0.95, 95%Cl = 0.95–0.95), divorced (aPR = 0.89, 95%Cl = 0.87–0.91), widowed (aPR = 0.84, 95%Cl = 0.79–0.90), baseline CD4 count < 200 (aPR = 0.89, 95%Cl = 0.82–0.95), and fair (85–94%) ART adherence level (aPR = 0.68, (95%Cl = 0.54–0.87) were associated with HIV VLS. Social support from family members, knowledge of impact of negative thoughts on VLS, fear of breaking up with partners and compassionate healthcare providers positively influenced VLS. Stigma and discrimination from the community, self-perceived stigma hindering social relations, socio-economic challenges and psychiatric drug stock-outs negatively affected VLS.
Conclusion and recommendations
HIV VLS among PLHIV with mental disorders at institutions that provide integrated HIV and mental health care is still below the UNAIDS 95% target. Health promotion messaging focusing on benefits of VLS and countering stigma to create a safe environment; and active involvement of family members in care could improve HIV treatment outcomes for PLHIV with mental disorders.
Evaluation of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant and Acute Oral Toxicity of Whole Plants of D. Annulatum &amp; S. Bengalense and Flower of R. Tuberose
Authors: Singh Shalini , Sharma Neeraj , Jhade Deenanath 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
From the ancient times plants have provided huge amount of important ingredients in most of the traditional medicinal systems. The present study was based on the evaluation of phytoconstituents, antioxidant and acute oral toxicity profiles of the methanolic extracts of three indigenous Indian medicinal plants, e.g., R. tuberosa, D. Annulatum, and S. bengalense. The whole plants of Dichanthium Annulatum, Saccharum bengalense and Ruellia tuberosa were collected from Hooghly, West Bengal; India. Central National Herbarium (CNH), Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India has identified specimens of whole plants of D. Annulatum (Ref No. CNH/50/2014/Tech.II/103) and R. tuberosa (Ref No. CNH/2017/Tech. II/19). Soxhlet apparatus was used for the extraction process. Qualitative phytochemical analyses of D. Annulatum, S. bengalense and R. tuberosa methanolic extracts were performed according to the methods described previously. Total phenolic, total flavonoid content, free radical scavenging and acute oral toxicity studies were performed. In results, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids were present as major groups of important secondary metabolites and carbohydrates as important biomolecules in the methanolic extracts of Dichanthium Annulatum Whole Plant (DAW), Saccharum bengalense Whole Plant (SBW), and Ruellia Tuberose Flowers (RTF). No death of the animals was observed within this dose regimen up to 72 hours of routine observation for all the three extracts, e.g., DAW, SBW or RTF. Therefore, 1/10th to1/20th of these doses, i.e., 200 to 100 mg/kg for DAW, 400 to 200 mg/kg for SBW and 100 to 50 mg/kg for RTF were considered safe. It concluded that all these three plants Dichanthium Annulatum Whole Plant (DAW), Saccharum Bengalense Whole Plant (SBW), and Ruellia Tuberose Flowers (RTF) are rich source of flavonoids, phenolic contents etc. and found safe in acute oral toxicity profile.
Association between Serum Uric Acid and Obesity Indices in a Male T2DM population
Authors: Diao Hongcui , Sun Pei , Hou Lulu , Pang Shuguang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Hyperuricemia (HUA), a growing global health issue, is a constant complication of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) in male patients. Previous research has shown that obesity and the development of hyperuricemia are closely related. The purpose of this study is to assess how these new lipid and obesity-related indices and UA levels in male T2DM patients relate to one another.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1160 male patients with T2DM in Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, China. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the lipid and obesity-related indices and hyperuricemia after dividing these indices into four quartiles. Area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the ability of the indices to predict hyperuricemia values.
Results
Except for body mass index (BMI), other indices including atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) exhibited stronger associations with hyperuricemia. According to the maximum Youden index of 0.32, the LAP index had the highest AUC value of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.67–0.74, P = 0.00), with a cut-off value of 39.37 and sensitivity and specificity values of 80.00% and 52.00%, respectively.
Conclusion
The LAP index may be used as a possible monitoring indicator for hyperuricemia management in male T2DM patients since it is more significantly related with hyperuricemia than other anthropometric indices.
Level II, controlled trial without randomization.