bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning‐mediated prediction of concealed accessory pathway based on sinus rhythmic electrocardiograms
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Fang , Bao Xiao‐Jing , Bo Xiao‐Ping , Dang Shipeng , Wang Ru‐Xing , Pan Feng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundConcealed accessory pathway (AP) may cause atrial ventricular reentrant tachycardia impacting the health of patients. However, it is asymptomatic and undetectable during sinus rhythm.MethodsTo detect concealed AP with electrocardiography (ECG) images, we collected normal sinus rhythmic ECG images of concealed AP patients and healthy subjects. All ECG images were randomly allocated to the training and testing datasets, and were used to train and test six popular convolutional neural networks from ImageNet pre‐training and random initialization, respectively.ResultsWe screened 152 ECG recordings in concealed AP group and 600 ECG recordings in control group. There were no statistically significant differences in ECG characteristics between control group and concealed AP group in terms of PR interval and QRS interval. However, the QT interval and QTc were slightly higher in control group than in concealed AP group. In the testing set, ResNet26, SE‐ResNet50, MobileNetV3_large_100, and DenseNet169 achieved a sensitivity rate more than 87.0% with a specificity rate above 98.0%. And models trained from random initialization showed similar performance and convergence with models trained from ImageNet pre‐training.ConclusionOur study suggests that deep learning could be an effective way to predict concealed AP with normal sinus rhythmic ECG images. And our results might encourage people to rethink the possibility of training from random initialization on ECG image tasks.
Facilitation by pioneer trees and herbivore exclusion allow regeneration of woody species in the semiarid ecosystem of central Chile
Authors: Gómez‐Fernández Nicolás A. , Smith‐Ramírez Cecilia , Delpiano Cristian A. , Miranda Alejandro , Vásquez Inao A. , Becerra Pablo I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuestionsFacilitation by pioneer plants and herbivore exclusion may contribute to plant regeneration and restoration of degraded semiarid ecosystems. In this study we evaluated the main and interactive effects of the exclusion of large and medium‐sized mammal herbivores and the presence of the pioneer tree Vachellia caven on natural regeneration of woody species in degraded savannas.LocationTwo localities of the native sclerophyllous forest of central ChileMethodsTwelve 30 × 40 m exclosures and twelve non‐exclosure areas located near native forests were established in savannas of V. caven in each locality. Regeneration coming from seeds and resprouts was sampled both under the canopy of V. caven and without canopy in each exclosure and non‐excluded area.ResultsAfter seven years, species richness and density of older regeneration (0.5–2 m high) were positively affected by herbivore exclusion and the presence of V. caven. No significant interaction between herbivore exclusion and V. caven was observed. Younger regeneration (<0.5 m high) was positively affected by herbivore exclusion and the presence of V. caven only in some years with almost no interactive effect.ConclusionsThe exclusion of large and medium‐sized exotic herbivores and facilitation by pioneer trees are complementary for regeneration. The variable but permanent presence of younger and older regeneration within exclosures and under V. caven during the experiment may lead to an increase of density and diversity of adult plants and recovery of the native forest. However, this process may be slow due to other limiting factors, for instance, reduced precipitation associated with climate change.
Evaluation of linagliptin and insulin combined therapy on unfolded protein response in type 1 diabetic mouse heart
Authors: Doğanyiğit Züleyha , Okan Aslı , Taheri Serpil , Yılmaz Zeynep , Akyüz Enes , Demir Necdet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to reveal the effects of the use of linagliptin, a DPP‐4 inhibitor due to its beneficial cardiovascular effects, on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling, which is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications related to type 1 diabetes. BALB/c female mice (n = 72) were divided into six groups: control, diabetes+insulin, diabetes+linagliptin, diabetes+linagliptin+insulin, diabetes+TUDCA, and diabetes+TUDCA+insulin. Immunohistochemistry and western blot method, qRT‐PCR, ELISA method, and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements were performed. Linagliptin administered to the type 1 diabetic mouse heart significantly reduced the expression levels of the total and cleaved forms of ATF6, ATF4, and p‐JNK, caspase 3. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses revealed that cleaved caspase 3 protein expression was significantly increased in the diabetes+insulin group compared to the other groups. According to ELISA findings, TUDCA was more effective in reducing NOX 1 and MDA levels than linagliptin. While linagliptin decreased the Chop mRNA level, no change was observed in the Grp78 mRNA level. Our findings showed that there was not much difference between the administration of linagliptin alone or in combination with insulin. Our study reveals that linagliptin is an effective therapeutic agent on ERS and apoptotic UPR in type 1 diabetic hearts.
Rethinking family‐based obesity treatment
Authors: Skelton Joseph A. , Vitolins Mara , Pratt Keeley J. , DeWitt Leila Hamzi , Eagleton Sally G. , Brown Callie 
Published: August 2023

SummaryEmerging research in paediatric obesity has demonstrated that parental involvement in the weight management process can improve weight outcomes in children. Recent guidelines by the American Academy of Pediatrics note the importance of parent and family involvement in treatment. However, it is currently unknown if including the entire family in obesity treatment can supersede outcomes associated with participation of only one parent. Family Systems Theory (FST) provides the theoretical foundation for examining one's healthy behaviours as they exist within the context of their family, defined by family dynamics. This narrative review aims to reconsider prior definitions of paediatric family‐based management using the FST framework to be inclusive of family and household diversity and in doing so, inform research not only within weight management but also other domains of clinical care requiring family support or change. Applying FST to paediatric weight management highlights the link between family dynamics and paediatric obesity, demonstrating the association of dysfunctional family dynamics with more severe obesity. While family‐based weight management remains the gold standard for treatment of paediatric obesity, more investigation is needed in expanding family‐based interventions to impact entire families and potentially improve outcomes more broadly for overall family health and wellbeing.
Keeping them honest? Broad‐based employee ownership and earnings management
Authors: Birkhead Colin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueDoes broad‐based employee ownership limit accrual earnings management?Research Findings/InsightsI run a series of random effect and fixed effect models on a sample of S&P 1500 firms between 2008 and 2019 to show that managers at employee‐owned firms manipulate earnings less than managers at nonemployee‐owned firms. My findings suggest that employee ownership enhances financial transparency and limits the opportunities for managers to misrepresent firm performance.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study develops and tests theory on employee ownership as a form of internal corporate governance. Equity incentives for executives are typically thought to reduce agency costs. The findings here suggest awarding equity incentives broadly, in which the majority of employees receive equity stakes, may be a more effective method of reducing agency costs.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsEarnings management and intentional financial misreporting are often a result of siloed information within firms. Broad‐based employee ownership is generally associated with enhanced information flows through greater mutual monitoring and information sharing. Corporate governors interested in reducing managerial malfeasance may find that widely awarding equity to employees is more effective than financially incentivizing individual managers to act in the firm's interests.
Minimum eligibility age for social pensions and household poverty: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Ávila‐Parra Clemente , Escamilla‐Guerrero David , Gálvez‐Soriano Oscar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of social pensions on old‐age poverty. To achieve causal identification, we leverage the reduction in the minimum eligibility age of Mexico's flagship non‐means‐tested social pension program. We find that the program's expansion significantly reduced extreme poverty, mainly among indigenous seniors and in rural areas. However, it had negligible effects on labor force participation, suggesting that social pensions were not effective in ensuring minimum economic well‐being and simultaneously inducing retirement among seniors at early stages of old age. The program's small cash transfer and mistargeting are among the main explanations.
The determinants of limit order cancellations
Authors: Dahlström Petter , Hagströmer Björn , Nordén Lars L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlmost all limit orders are canceled. We examine two economic channels that can motivate cancellations: reductions in the expected profit at execution, and reductions in the probability of execution. An order‐level analysis shows that changes in depth at the best bid and offer prices, as well as changes in the order queue position, influence cancellation in a way consistent with the former channel, that market makers monitor the expected profit at execution of each limit order. Although buy‐side investors use passive orders extensively, our findings indicate that limit order cancellations on aggregate are best understood through models of liquidity provision.
Consumer cynicism: Interdisciplinary hybrid review and research agenda
Authors: Indibara Indirah , Halder Deepa , Varshney Sanjeev 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the years, consumers have been questioning the intentions and actions of firms, resulting in a cynical attitude and behaviour. Due to the severity of the outcomes that cynical consumers may display, reputed journals and prolific researchers have addressed the core issue in their own unique ways. However, no single study offers a uniform, comprehensive, and contemporary review of consumer cynicism literature. Thus, we use an interdisciplinary approach to study the literature spanning 47 years (1976–2022) on cynicism in consumer research, psychology, and organizational domains through a hybrid review involving bibliometric and systematic literature reviews. Following the SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol, this review shows the most cited and co‐cited articles, researchers, and keywords in cynicism research. We infer that the consumer cynicism construct draws heavily from the organizational behaviour area, possessing the potential to be correlated with, and extended to interdisciplinary research. Also, we offer an all‐inclusive model of the predictors and predictands of consumer cynicism based on the ADO‐TCM framework. We close this study with its academic contributions, practical implications, and future research directions using the ADO‐TCM framework.
A perspective on recent developments of structure‐terahertz property relationships in glasses
Authors: Tostanoski Nicholas J. , Sundaram S. K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present our perspective of recent terahertz (THz) time‐domain spectroscopy (TDS, THz‐TDS) studies leading to structure‐THz property relationships for three distinct glass families, that is, borosilicate, tellurite, and chalcogenide glasses. We have carried out comprehensive structural studies using spectroscopy techniques, for example, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, with THz‐TDS used to record the refractive indices and absorption coefficients at THz frequencies. These results have culminated in structure‐THz property relationships, which are critical for targeting, selecting, and processing glasses for a wide range of THz optical and photonic applications.
Mixed modifier effect in Na2O·K2O·CaO aluminosilicate glasses: Pairwise and ternary interactions
Authors: Lin Yinan , Kim Seong H. , Smith Nicholas J. , Mauro John C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mixed modifier effect (MME) is one of the most challenging puzzles in the field of oxide glasses, as there exists no universal quantitative theoretical model for accurately describing and predicting the nonlinear deviation of property values. In this paper, pairwise and ternary interactions are examined experimentally to understand the MME in a series of aluminosilicate glasses. By keeping the glass network former concentration constant and adjusting the molar ratios of three network modifiers (Na2O, K2O, and CaO), the MMEs in glass transition temperature (Tg), Vickers hardness (Hv), and activation energy (Ea) for aqueous dissolution for each modifier cation are investigated. We examine whether a pairwise interaction model is sufficient, or if ternary interactions also need to be included to predict the MME in these aluminosilicate glass systems. This work reveals that the pairwise model can be used to predict the MME for Tg in complex multiple‐modifier glass systems using only two‐body interaction factors. However, ternary mixed‐modifier interactions are present in other properties such as Hv and Ea.
A support nurse may strengthen the participation of patients with low socio‐economic status in treatment pathways of head and neck cancer: A theory‐based evaluation
Authors: Mondahl Julie , Hellesø Ragnhild , Thomsen Thora Grothe , Homøe Preben , Frederiksen Kirsten 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo test and evaluate a support nurse intervention within the head and neck cancer (HNC) pathway.BackgroundEven though interventions aiming to support patients with a low socio‐economic status have been a focus for development and implementation in several countries, research still shows that these patients often have unmet needs and encounter challenges in communicating with health professionals during their treatment pathways. Furthermore, support interventions are few in Denmark and none of the existing interventions target patients with HNC receiving radiation therapy of whom the majority have a low socio‐economic status and therefore potentially carry a high risk of being challenged during their treatment pathways.DesignA theory‐based evaluation was used as framework. A support nurse intervention was designed to offer patients with a low socio‐economic status help and support in the initial part of the HNC pathway. Eleven patients were included in the trial period.MethodsThe evaluation of the intervention was based on interviews, a questionnaire survey and field notes.ResultsThe expected outputs were achieved, thus: (1) the patients felt supported and assisted, (2) the support nurse was capable of supporting, helping and accompanying the patients, (3) the patients were informed as relevant and understood the information provided. Unexpected outputs were that the support nurse was capable of co‐ordinating the pathway in line with the patient's needs and that she facilitated the interaction between patients and health professionals.ConclusionsSupport for patients with a low socio‐economic status improves their ability to engage in their cancer treatment pathway. This, in turn, increases their preparedness for participation and, hence, strengthens their choice of treatment.Reporting methodThis study is reported using consolidated guideline for reporting interventions Template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR checklist). We used theory‐based evaluation as described by Peter Dahler‐Larsen.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Examining students' academic motivation for studying programming languages
Authors: Ankora Carlos , Bolatimi Stephen Oladagba , Bensah Lily , Mahama Francois , Kuadey Noble Arden , Adu Adolph Sedem Yaw , Adjei Laurene 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe degree to which Computer Science (CS) and Information Communication Technology (ICT) students are motivated to learn greatly impacts their study habits, academic achievement in school and ultimately their job prospects. In recent times, skills in programming languages have become vital in searching for employment.ObjectiveThis study sought to examine the academic motivation of students to study programming languages and their pursuit of job prospects in the software development field.MethodsThe study adopted the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) to measure students' motivation. Data was collected from 244 CS and ICT students at different levels of study at Ho Technical University (HTU) who responded to an online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analysis, independent samples t‐test and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted using IBM statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and IBM analysis of moment structure (AMOS), respectively.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed no significant difference in students' motivation to study programming languages in the university between those who had prior programming languages and those who had none. Also, the results showed no significant difference in the motivation of students to study programming languages between those with and without working experience. The results showed a significant difference between those who want to and do not want to pursue a career in software development and their study motivation of programming languages.TakeawayCourse instructors should emphasize connections between course goals and future employment opportunities.
Characterisation of extracellular vesicles isolated from hydatid cyst fluid and evaluation of immunomodulatory effects on human monocytes
Authors: Khosravi Mojdeh , Mohammad Rahimi Hanieh , Nazari Abdoreza , Baghaei Kaveh , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Shahrokh Shabnam , Sharifdini Meysam , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia , Mehryab Fatemeh , Mirjalali Hamed , Shekari Faezeh , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydatidosis is a disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, which involves several organs of intermediate hosts. Evidence suggests a communication between hydatid cyst (HC) and hosts via extracellular vesicles. However, a little is known about the communication between EVs derived from HC fluid (HCF) and host cells. In the current study, EVs were isolated using differential centrifugation from sheep HCF and characterized by western blot, electron microscope and size distribution analysis. The uptake of EVs by human monocyte cell line (THP‐1) was evaluated. The effects of EVs on the expression levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines were investigated using quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR), 3 and 24 h after incubation. Moreover, the cytokine level of IL‐10 was evaluated in supernatant of THP‐1 cell line at 3 and 24 h. EVs were successfully isolated and showed spherical shape with size distribution at 130.6 nm. After 3 h, the expression levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes (IL1Β, IL15 and IL8) were upregulated, while after 24 h, the expression levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were decreased and IL13 gene expression showed upregulation. A statistically significant increase was seen in the levels of IL‐10 after 24 h. The main mechanism of the communication between EVs derived from HCF and their host remains unclear; however, time‐dependent anti‐inflammatory effects in our study suggest that HC may modulate the immune responses via EVs.
Male size does not affect the strength of male mate choice for high-quality females in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lev Avigayil , Pischedda Alison 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Theory predicts that the strength of male mate choice should vary depending on male quality when higher-quality males receive greater fitness benefits from being choosy. This pattern extends to differences in male body size, with larger males often having stronger pre- and post-copulatory preferences than smaller males. We sought to determine whether large males and small males differ in the strength (or direction) of their preference for large, high-fecundity females using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We measured male courtship preferences and mating duration to show that male body size had no impact on the strength of male mate choice; all males, regardless of their size, had equally strong preferences for large females. To understand the selective pressures shaping male mate choice in males of different sizes, we also measured the fitness benefits associated with preferring large females for both large and small males. Male body size did not affect the benefits that males received: large and small males were equally successful at mating with large females, received the same direct fitness benefits from mating with large females, and showed similar competitive fertilization success with large females. These findings provide insight into why the strength of male mate choice was not affected by male body size in this system. Our study highlights the importance of evaluating the benefits and costs of male mate choice across multiple males to predict when differences in male mate choice should occur.
Abstract
Large and small males show equally strong courtship and mating preferences for large, high-fecundity females in Drosophila melanogaster, likely because male body size did not affect the fitness benefits that males received from being choosy: large and small males were equally successful at mating with large females, received the same direct fitness benefits from mating with large females, and showed similar competitive fertilization success with large females.
The temporal intersectional minority stress model: Reimagining minority stress theory
Authors: Rivas‐Koehl Matthew , Rivas‐Koehl Dane , McNeil Smith Shardé 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTwo decades have passed since Ilan Meyer first published the minority stress theory (MST) model. Since then, scholars have used MST extensively to expand the field's understanding of LGBTQ+ populations' experiences with stress and mental health. To better represent these experiences, scholars have combined MST with other theories in empirical articles, but a theoretical model has yet to be proposed that unifies this work. In the current paper, we seek to acknowledge and extend this work by proposing a Temporal Intersectional Minority Stress (TIMS) model. The TIMS model incorporates Intersectionality and historical, generational, and developmental time from Life Course Theory to account for the sociopolitical and cultural changes that have occurred since the creation of the original MST model. We hope this model will help extend work related to minority stress, and we invite further theoretical development to occur using this model as a new framework for scholars to consider.