bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving Sustainable Earth Futures in the Anthropocene by Including Local Communities in Critical Zone Science
Authors: Naylor Larissa A. , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Zheng Ying , Buckerfield Sarah , Green Sophie M. , Oliver David M. , Liu Hongyan , Peng Jian , Tu Chenglong , Zhang Gan‐lin , Zhang Xinyu , Quine Tim A. , Waldron Susan , Hallett Paul D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCritical Zone Science (CZS) explores the deep evolution of landscapes from the base of the groundwater or the saprolite‐rock interface to the top of vegetation, the zone that supports all terrestrial life. Here we propose a framework for CZS to evolve further as a discipline, building on 1st generation CZOs in natural systems and 2nd generation CZOs in human‐modified systems, to incorporate human behaviour for more holistic understanding in a 3rd generation of CZOs. This concept was tested in the China‐UK CZO programme (2016–2020) that established four CZOs across China on different lithologies. Beyond conventional CZO insights into soil resources, biogeochemical cycling and hydrology across scales, surveys of farmers and local government officials led to insights into human‐environment interactions and key pressures affecting the socio‐economic livelihoods of local farmers. These learnings combined with the CZS data identified knowledge exchange (KE) opportunities to unravel diverse factors within the Land‐Water‐Food Nexus, that could directly improve local livelihoods and environmental conditions, such as reduction in fertilizer use, contributing toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and environmental policies. Through two‐way local KE, the local cultural context and socio‐economic considerations were more readily apparent alongside the environmental rationale for policy and local action to improve the sustainability of farming practices. Seeking solutions to understand and remediate CZ degradation caused by human‐decision making requires the co‐design of CZS that foregrounds human behavior and the opinions of those living in human modified CZOs. We show how a new transdisciplinary CZO approach for sustainable Earth futures can improve alignment of research with the practical needs of communities in stressed environments and their governments, supporting social‐ecological and planetary health research agendas and improving capacity to achieve SDGs.
Bringing Social Science Into Critical Zone Science: Exploring Smallholder Farmers' Learning Preferences in Chinese Human‐Modified Critical Zones
Authors: Naylor Larissa A. , Zheng Ying , Munro Neil , Stanton Alasdair , Wang Weikai , Chng Nai R. , Oliver David M. , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Waldron Susan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a growing global emphasis on sustainable agriculture to reduce human impacts and improve delivery of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With increasing investment in critical zone observatories (CZOs), it becomes important to understand how sustainable agricultural knowledge is produced, shared and used between different groups including farmers, scientists and government. To explore these issues, scientists leading the knowledge exchange (KE) component of a China‐UK CZO program studied three farming regions with contrasting geologies and varying economic levels, using a practice‐based research method. We demonstrate how additional funding for social science research allowed us to understand how farmers access and share farming knowledge through bonding, bridging and linking networks, and how this varies spatially, using interviews and survey questionnaires. Knowledge flows, barriers and opportunities for designing locally suited two‐way KE activities were identified. First, we highlight the need for a more locally, socially embedded and reflexive approach to build trust and better address pressing local environmental challenges. Second, we show how social science can usefully inform KE for collaborative, international development science, to draw on local knowledge, promote research impacts and capacity building while avoiding knowledge mismatches. Lastly, a blueprint for the design and funding of future CZOs, social‐ecological and planetary health research agendas that combine science, social science, local knowledge and KE is presented, including the need for substantive social science research to take place in addition to science research in human‐modified landscapes—enabling the CZ science to be better grounded in, informed by and useful to local communities.
Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes Localized by Topography in a Southern Ocean Channel
Authors: Youngs Madeleine K. , Freilich Mara A. , Lovenduski Nicole S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAir‐sea exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Southern Ocean plays an important role in the global carbon budget. Previous studies have suggested that flow around topographic features of the Southern Ocean enhances the upward supply of carbon from the deep to the surface, influencing air‐sea CO2 exchange. Here, we investigate the role of seafloor topography on the transport of carbon and associated air‐sea CO2 flux in an idealized channel model. We find elevated CO2 outgassing upstream of a seafloor ridge, driven by anomalous advection of dissolved inorganic carbon. Argo‐like Lagrangian particles in our channel model sample heterogeneously in the vicinity of the seafloor ridge, which could impact float‐based estimates of CO2 flux.
A long-term follow-up of treatment for young children with obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ek Anna , Brissman Markus , Nordin Karin , Eli Karin , Nowicka Paulina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Early childhood obesity interventions supporting parents have the largest effects on child weight status. However, long-term follow-ups are lacking.

Objective
To examine weight status 48 months after obesity treatment initiation for 4- to 6-year-olds.

Methods
177 families were recruited to the More and Less study, a 12-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in Sweden (2012–2017); 6 children were excluded due to medical diagnoses. Thus, 171 families (non-Swedish origin 59%, university degree 40%) were eligible for this 48-month follow-up with modified intention-to-treat (n = 114 had 48-month data, n = 34 dropped out, n = 23 lost to follow-up). The RCT compared 3 treatment approaches: a 10-week parent support program (1.5 h/w) with follow-up booster sessions (PGB) or without (PGNB), and standard outpatient treatment (ST). Treatment effects on primary outcome (BMI-SDS) and secondary outcomes (BMI, %IOTF25 i.e., the distance, in percent, above the cut-off for overweight) were assessed. Clinically significant reduction of BMI-SDS (≥0.5) was assessed with risk ratio. Sociodemographic factors and attendance were examined by three-way interactions.

Results
After 48 months (mean 50 months, range 38–67 months) mean (95% CI) BMI-SDS was reduced in all groups: PGB −0.45 (−0.18 to −0.73, p < 0.001), PGNB −0.34 (−0.13 to −0.55, p < 0.001), ST −0.25 (−0.10 to −0.40, p < 0.001), no significant difference between groups. A clinically significant reduction of BMI-SDS ≥ 0.5 was obtained in 53.7% of PGB which was twice as likely compared to ST, 33.0%, RR 2.03 (1.27 to 3.27, p = 0.003), with no difference to PGNB, 46.6% (p = 0.113). %IOTF25 was unchanged from baseline for PGB 4.50 (−1.64 to 10.63), and significantly lower compared to ST 11.92 (8.40 to 15.44) (p = 0.043). Sociodemographics or attendance had no effect.

Conclusion
The intensive parent-support early childhood obesity intervention led to better weight status outcomes over time, though BMI-SDS alone did not reflect this. Further research should investigate how to assess weight changes in growing children.

Clinical trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01792531.
Opening a window to skin biomarkers for diabetes stage with optoacoustic mesoscopy
Authors: He Hailong , Fasoula Nikolina-Alexia , Karlas Angelos , Omar Murad , Aguirre Juan , Lutz Jessica , Kallmayer Michael , Füchtenbusch Martin , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Ziegler Annette , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBeing the largest and most accessible organ of the human body, the skin could offer a window to diabetes-related complications on the microvasculature. However, skin microvasculature is typically assessed by histological analysis, which is not suited for applications to large populations or longitudinal studies. We introduce ultra-wideband raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) for precise, non-invasive assessment of diabetes-related changes in the dermal microvasculature and skin micro-anatomy, resolved with unprecedented sensitivity and detail without the need for contrast agents. Providing unique imaging contrast, we explored a possible role for RSOM as an investigational tool in diabetes healthcare and offer the first comprehensive study investigating the relationship between different diabetes complications and microvascular features in vivo. We applied RSOM to scan the pretibial area of 95 participants with diabetes mellitus and 48 age-matched volunteers without diabetes, grouped according to disease complications, and extracted six label-free optoacoustic biomarkers of human skin, including dermal microvasculature density and epidermal parameters, based on a novel image-processing pipeline. We then correlated these biomarkers to disease severity and found statistically significant effects on microvasculature parameters as a function of diabetes complications. We discuss how label-free RSOM biomarkers can lead to a quantitative assessment of the systemic effects of diabetes and its complications, complementing the qualitative assessment allowed by current clinical metrics, possibly leading to a precise scoring system that captures the gradual evolution of the disease.
Circular RNAs in the human brain are tailored to neuron identity and neuropsychiatric disease
Authors: Dong Xianjun , Bai Yunfei , Liao Zhixiang , Gritsch David , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Tao , Borges-Monroy Rebeca , Ehrlich Alyssa , Serrano Geidy E. , Feany Mel B. , Beach Thomas G. , Scherzer Clemens R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLittle is known about circular RNAs (circRNAs) in specific brain cells and human neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we systematically identify over 11,039 circRNAs expressed in vulnerable dopamine and pyramidal neurons laser-captured from 190 human brains and non-neuronal cells using ultra-deep, total RNA sequencing. 1526 and 3308 circRNAs are custom-tailored to the cell identity of dopamine and pyramidal neurons and enriched in synapse pathways. 29% of Parkinson’s and 12% of Alzheimer’s disease-associated genes produced validated circRNAs. circDNAJC6, which is transcribed from a juvenile-onset Parkinson’s gene, is already dysregulated during prodromal, onset stages of common Parkinson’s disease neuropathology. Globally, addiction-associated genes preferentially produce circRNAs in dopamine neurons, autism-associated genes in pyramidal neurons, and cancers in non-neuronal cells. This study shows that circular RNAs in the human brain are tailored to neuron identity and implicate circRNA-regulated synaptic specialization in neuropsychiatric diseases.
Dissipative optomechanics in high-frequency nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Primo André G. , Pinho Pedro V. , Benevides Rodrigo , Gröblacher Simon , Wiederhecker Gustavo S. , Alegre Thiago P. Mayer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe coherent transduction of information between microwave and optical domains is a fundamental building block for future quantum networks. A promising way to bridge these widely different frequencies is using high-frequency nanomechanical resonators interacting with low-loss optical modes. State-of-the-art optomechanical devices rely on purely dispersive interactions that are enhanced by a large photon population in the cavity. Additionally, one could use dissipative optomechanics, where photons can be scattered directly from a waveguide into a resonator hence increasing the degree of control of the acousto-optic interplay. Hitherto, such dissipative optomechanical interaction was only demonstrated at low mechanical frequencies, precluding prominent applications such as the quantum state transfer between photonic and phononic domains. Here, we show the first dissipative optomechanical system operating in the sideband-resolved regime, where the mechanical frequency is larger than the optical linewidth. Exploring this unprecedented regime, we demonstrate the impact of dissipative optomechanical coupling in reshaping both mechanical and optical spectra. Our figures represent a two-order-of-magnitude leap in the mechanical frequency and a tenfold increase in the dissipative optomechanical coupling rate compared to previous works. Further advances could enable the individual addressing of mechanical modes and help mitigate optical nonlinearities and absorption in optomechanical devices.
Interlayer donor-acceptor pair excitons in MoSe2/WSe2 moiré heterobilayer
Authors: Cai Hongbing , Rasmita Abdullah , Tan Qinghai , Lai Jia-Min , He Ruihua , Cai Xiangbin , Zhao Yan , Chen Disheng , Wang Naizhou , Mu Zhao , Huang Zumeng , Zhang Zhaowei , Eng John J. H. , Liu Yuanda , She Yongzhi , Pan Nan , Miao Yansong , Wang Xiaoping , Liu Xiaogang , Zhang Jun , Gao Weibo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLocalized interlayer excitons (LIXs) in two-dimensional moiré superlattices exhibit sharp and dense emission peaks, making them promising as highly tunable single-photon sources. However, the fundamental nature of these LIXs is still elusive. Here, we show the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) mechanism as one of the origins of these excitonic peaks. Numerical simulation results of the DAP model agree with the experimental photoluminescence spectra of LIX in the moiré MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayer. In particular, we find that the emission energy-lifetime correlation and the nonmonotonic power dependence of the lifetime agree well with the DAP IX model. Our results provide insight into the physical mechanism of LIX formation in moiré heterostructures and pave new directions for engineering interlayer exciton properties in moiré superlattices.
Strong electron-phonon coupling driven pseudogap modulation and density-wave fluctuations in a correlated polar metal
Authors: Wang Huaiyu , Xiong Yihuang , Padma Hari , Wang Yi , Wang Ziqi , Claes Romain , Brunin Guillaume , Min Lujin , Zu Rui , Wetherington Maxwell T. , Wang Yu , Mao Zhiqiang , Hautier Geoffroy , Chen Long-Qing , Dabo Ismaila , Gopalan Venkatraman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is tremendous interest in employing collective excitations of the lattice, spin, charge, and orbitals to tune strongly correlated electronic phenomena. We report such an effect in a ruthenate, Ca3Ru2O7, where two phonons with strong electron-phonon coupling modulate the electronic pseudogap as well as mediate charge and spin density wave fluctuations. Combining temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy with density functional theory reveals two phonons, B2P and B2M, that are strongly coupled to electrons and whose scattering intensities respectively dominate in the pseudogap versus the metallic phases. The B2P squeezes the octahedra along the out of plane c-axis, while the B2M elongates it, thus modulating the Ru 4d orbital splitting and the bandwidth of the in-plane electron hopping; Thus, B2P opens the pseudogap, while B2M closes it. Moreover, the B2 phonons mediate incoherent charge and spin density wave fluctuations, as evidenced by changes in the background electronic Raman scattering that exhibit unique symmetry signatures. The polar order breaks inversion symmetry, enabling infrared activity of these phonons, paving the way for coherent light-driven control of electronic transport.
Promiscuous CYP87A enzyme activity initiates cardenolide biosynthesis in plants
Authors: Kunert Maritta , Langley Chloe , Lucier Rosalind , Ploss Kerstin , Rodríguez López Carlos E. , Serna Guerrero Delia A. , Rothe Eva , O’Connor Sarah E. , Sonawane Prashant D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCardenolides are specialized, steroidal metabolites produced in a wide array of plant families1,2. Cardenolides play protective roles in plants, but these molecules, including digoxin from foxglove (Digitalis spp.), are better known for treatment of congenital heart failure, atrial arrhythmia, various cancers and other chronic diseases3–9. However, it is still unknown how plants synthesize ‘high-value’, complex cardenolide structures from, presumably, a sterol precursor. Here we identify two cytochrome P450, family 87, subfamily A (CYP87A) enzymes that act on both cholesterol and phytosterols (campesterol and β-sitosterol) to form pregnenolone, the first committed step in cardenolide biosynthesis in the two phylogenetically distant plants Digitalis purpurea and Calotropis procera. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing these CYP87A enzymes ectopically accumulated pregnenolone, whereas silencing of CYP87A in D. purpurea leaves by RNA interference resulted in substantial reduction of pregnenolone and cardenolides. Our work uncovers the key entry point to the cardenolide pathway, and expands the toolbox for sustainable production of high-value plant steroids via synthetic biology.
Mapping protein dynamics at high spatial resolution with temperature-jump X-ray crystallography
Authors: Wolff Alexander M. , Nango Eriko , Young Iris D. , Brewster Aaron S. , Kubo Minoru , Nomura Takashi , Sugahara Michihiro , Owada Shigeki , Barad Benjamin A. , Ito Kazutaka , Bhowmick Asmit , Carbajo Sergio , Hino Tomoya , Holton James M. , Im Dohyun , O’Riordan Lee J. , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Tanaka Rie , Sierra Raymond G. , Yumoto Fumiaki , Tono Kensuke , Iwata So , Sauter Nicholas K. , Fraser James S. , Thompson Michael C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling protein motion at atomic resolution is a hallmark challenge for structural biologists and protein engineers because conformational dynamics are essential for complex functions such as enzyme catalysis and allosteric regulation. Time-resolved crystallography offers a window into protein motions, yet without a universal perturbation to initiate conformational changes the method has been limited in scope. Here we couple a solvent-based temperature jump with time-resolved crystallography to visualize structural motions in lysozyme, a dynamic enzyme. We observed widespread atomic vibrations on the nanosecond timescale, which evolve on the submillisecond timescale into localized structural fluctuations that are coupled to the active site. An orthogonal perturbation to the enzyme, inhibitor binding, altered these dynamics by blocking key motions that allow energy to dissipate from vibrations into functional movements linked to the catalytic cycle. Because temperature jump is a universal method for perturbing molecular motion, the method demonstrated here is broadly applicable for studying protein dynamics.
A daily high-resolution (1 km) human thermal index collection over the North China Plain from 2003 to 2020
Authors: Li Xiang , Luo Ming , Zhao Yongquan , Zhang Hui , Ge Erjia , Huang Ziwei , Wu Sijia , Wang Peng , Wang Xiaoyu , Tang Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman-perceived temperature (HPT) describes the joint effects of multiple climatic factors such as temperature and humidity. Extreme HPT events may reduce labor capacity and cause thermal discomfort and even mortality. These events are becoming more frequent and more intense under global warming, posing severe threats to human and natural systems worldwide, particularly in populated areas with intensive human activities, e.g., the North China Plain (NCP). Therefore, a fine-scale HPT dataset in both spatial and temporal dimensions is urgently needed. Here we construct a daily high-resolution (~1 km) human thermal index collection over NCP from 2003 to 2020 (HiTIC-NCP). This dataset contains 12 HPT indices and has high accuracy with averaged determination coefficient, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error of 0.987, 0.970 °C, and 1.292 °C, respectively. Moreover, it exhibits high spatiotemporal consistency with ground-level observations. The dataset provides a reference for human thermal environment and could facilitate studies such as natural hazards, regional climate change, and urban planning.
A multispecies competitive nanobody-based ELISA for the detection of antibodies against hepatitis E virus
Authors: Arce Lorena Paola , Pavan María Florencia , Bok Marina , Gutiérrez Silvina Elena , Estein Silvia Marcela , Santos Agostina Tammone , Condorí Walter Ezequiel , Uhart Marcela María , Parreño Viviana , Vizoso-Pinto María Guadalupe , Ibañez Lorena Itatí 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent zoonotic virus causing viral hepatitis worldwide. Clinically, hepatitis E is not easily distinguished from other types of acute viral hepatitis. There is a need for HEV diagnostic assays to detect and prevent interspecies transmission among susceptible populations. Nanobodies (Nbs) are expressed recombinantly in different systems, produced with high yields, and have superior physicochemical properties compared with conventional antibodies (Ab). Several Nbs against ORF2, the capsid protein and main antigen, were selected and produced in E. coli. Nb39 and Nb74 specifically recognized HEV ORF2 (genotypes 3 and 4). A competitive ELISA (cELISA) was developed and validated using a reference panel of human (n = 86) and swine sera (n = 116) tested in comparison with a commercial kit. The optimal cutoff values determined by ROC analysis were 69.16% (human) and 58.76% (swine); the sensitivity and specificity were high: 97.4% (95% CI 86.5–99.5%) and 95.8% (95% CI 86.0–98.8%) for human vs. 100% (95% CI 93.5–100%) and 98.3% (95% CI 91.0–99.7%) for swine. Further, the cELISA detected total anti-HEV antibodies in wild boar, deer, and mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of production of Nbs against HEV-3 ORF2 for diagnostic purposes.
Renewable-based charging in green ride-sharing
Authors: Perotti Elisabetta , Ospina Ana M. , Bianchin Gianluca , Simonetto Andrea , Dall’Anese Emiliano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGovernments, regulatory bodies, and manufacturers are proposing plans to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), with the goal of reducing the impact of greenhouse gases and pollutants from internal combustion engines on human health and climate change. In this context, the paper considers a scenario where ride-sharing enterprises utilize a 100%-electrified fleet of vehicles, and seeks responses to the following key question: How can renewable-based EV charging be maximized without disrupting the quality of the ride-sharing services? We propose a new mechanism to promote EV charging during hours of high renewable generation, and we introduce the concept of charge request, which is issued by a power utility company. Our mechanism is inspired by a game-theoretic approach where the power utility company proposes incentives and the ride-sharing platform assigns vehicles to both ride and charge requests; the bargaining mechanism leads to prices and EV assignments that are aligned with the notion of Nash equilibria. Numerical results show that it is possible to shift the EV charging during periods of high renewable generation and adapt to intermittent generation while minimizing the impact on the quality of service. The paper also investigates how the users’ willingness to ride-share affects the charging strategy and the quality of service.