bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Printing of Ultrathin Block Copolymer Film with Nano‐in‐Micro Pattern Structures
Authors: Park Tae Wan , Kang Young Lim , Kang Eun Bin , Jung Hyunsung , Lee Seoung‐Ki , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Lee Jung Woo , Choi Si‐Young , Nahm Sahn , Kwon Se‐Hun , kim Kwang Ho , Park Woon Ik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanotransfer printing (nTP) is one of the most promising nanopatterning methods given that it can be used to produce nano‐to‐micro patterns effectively with functionalities for electronic device applications. However, the nTP process is hindered by several critical obstacles, such as sub‐20 nm mold technology, reliable large‐area replication, and uniform transfer‐printing of functional materials. Here, for the first time, a dual nanopatterning process is demonstrated that creates periodic sub‐20 nm structures on the eight‐inch wafer by the transfer‐printing of patterned ultra‐thin (<50 nm) block copolymer (BCP) film onto desired substrates. This study shows how to transfer self‐assembled BCP patterns from the Si mold onto rigid and/or flexible substrates through a nanopatterning method of thermally assisted nTP (T‐nTP) and directed self‐assembly (DSA) of Si‐containing BCPs. In particular, the successful microscale patternization of well‐ordered sub‐20 nm SiOx patterns is systematically presented by controlling the self‐assembly conditions of BCP and printing temperature. In addition, various complex pattern geometries of nano‐in‐micro structures are displayed over a large patterning area by T‐nTP, such as angular line, wave line, ring, dot‐in‐hole, and dot‐in‐honeycomb structures. This advanced BCP‐replicated nanopatterning technology is expected to be widely applicable to nanofabrication of nano‐to‐micro electronic devices with complex circuits.
Relationships among apparent electrical conductivity and plant and terrain data in an agroforestry system in the Ozark Highlands
Authors: Ylagan Shane , Brye Kristofor R. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Owens Phillip R. , Smith Harrison , Poncet Aurelie M. , Sauer Tom J. , Thomas Andrew L. , Philipp Dirk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMinimal research has been conducted relating apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) surveys to plant and terrain properties in agroforestry systems. Objectives were to identify: (i) ECa–forage yield, –tree growth, and –terrain attribute relationships within ECa‐derived soil management zones (SMZs) and (ii) terrain attributes that drive ECa variability within a 20‐year‐old, 4.25‐ha, agroforestry system in the Ozark Highlands of northwest Arkansas. The average of 12 monthly perpendicular (PRP) and horizontal coplanar (HCP) ECa surveys (August 2020 to July 2021) and 14 terrain attributes were obtained. Tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and height (TH) measurements were made in December 2020 and March 2021, respectively, and forage yield samples were collected during Summer 2018 and 2019. Apparent EC‐tree property relationships were generally stronger within the whole site (averaged across tree property and ECa configuration, |r| = 0.38) than within the SMZs (averaged across tree property, ECa configuration, and SMZ, |r| = 0.27). The strength of the SMZs’ terrain‐attribute‐PRP‐ECa relationships were 9% to 205% greater than that for the whole site. In whole‐site, multi‐linear regressions, slope length and steepness factor (10.5%), mid‐slope (9.4%), and valley depth (7.2%) had the greatest influence (i.e., percent of total sum of squares) on PRP ECa variability, whereas valley depth (15.3%), wetness index (11.9%), and mid‐slope (11.2%) had the greatest influence on HCP ECa variability. Results show how ECa relates to plant (i.e., DBH, TH, and forage yield) and terrain data within SMZs in agroforestry systems with varying topography and could be used to precisely manage agroforestry systems.
Immune checkpoint status and oncogenic mutation profiling of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (KSCC1301‐A2)
Authors: Miyashita Yu , Oki Eiji , Kamori Tomohiro , Akagi Yoshito , Mori Shinichiro , Hattori Norifumi , Kobayashi Kazuma , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Oda Yoshinao , Mori Masaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are less effective in mismatch repair (MMR)‐proficient (pMMR) colorectal cancers (CRCs) than in MMR‐deficient CRCs. Here, we investigated changes in the tumor microenvironment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) without radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and the potential of ICIs as therapeutic agents for pMMR CRCs.MethodsThis was an ad hoc analysis of a KSCC1301 randomized phase II trial in which patients with untreated resectable LARC were randomly assigned to receive S‐1 and oxaliplatin or folinic acid, 5‐fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin as NAC. Forty‐nine patients were studied in this ad hoc analysis. As a reference cohort, we assessed 25 rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery without NAC outside the randomized trial. Immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs; PD‐1, PD‐L1, CTLA‐4, LAG3), tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs; CD8, FOXP3), and other related proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using Oncomine™ Comprehensive Assay version 3 was conducted in 23 patients.ResultsThe expression levels of PD‐1, CTLA‐4, and LAG3 in the NAC group were significantly higher than in reference patients (p < 0.001). Additionally, the infiltration of CD8+ and FOXP3+ T cells, and the CD8/FOXP3 ratio were significantly higher in the NAC group than in reference patients (p < 0.0001). NGS analysis revealed no specific gene alteration related to TILs or ICMs.ConclusionWe demonstrated changes in the tumor immune microenvironment after NAC in pMMR rectal cancer. NAC was associated with increased expression of ICMs and TILs. Rectal cancer could be susceptible to combined immunotherapy with chemotherapy.
Atomization of metal and alloy powders: Processes, parameters, and properties
Authors: Soong Shaun Zhang , Lai Wing Lam , Kay Lup Andrew Ng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has been intensively studied over this decade due to the increasing demand of functional and precise materials in various industries. AM process leverages on the concept of layer by layer deposition or joining of a material at micro‐ or nano‐scale to produce the final products. As such, AM technology is widely used to manufacture products of complex geometries with high precision in a short time. As the quality and the performance of AM manufactured functional products depend on the quality and the cost of the atomized metal or alloy powder used, the use of powders of high size uniformity, high purity, high sphericity, high flowability, low cost, and no trapped gas bubble porosity is necessary. To this end, various metal production technologies were investigated and one of the popular technologies is atomization. This article reviewed the working principles of the various atomization technologies for the production of fine metal and alloy powders. The key atomization conditions discussed in this article include atomization type, material feed rate and temperature, atomizing fluid flow rate, type and temperature, cooling rate, and atomization pressure. In addition, several outlooks on the prospect and the optimization of atomization technologies were also discussed in this article.
Prenatal androgenization (2D:4D) predictions of tennis match‐play success in junior players: A search for physiological explanations
Authors: Ribeiro Evaldo , Neave Nick , Marsili Birgit Keller , Figueiredo Eduardo Carlos Gonçalves , Martino‐Andrade Anderson Joel , de Moraes Rosana Nogueira 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the possible association between digit ratio (2D:4D) and match‐play success (MPS) in junior tennis players. In addition, we consider the possible explanatory pathways of these associations in relation to psychological, strength, power, and hormonal parameters.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study, with a sample comprised of 64 male junior tennis players (11–18 years old). Digit ratio was calculated from direct finger measurements. In addition, we measured the ratio of wins by number of matches played in 5 years of official competition (MPS), handgrip strength (HGS), standing long jump (SLJ), training (in weekly hours), and expertise (number of years in official competition). Salivary testosterone and cortisol levels were measured before and after physical “challenge” tests.ResultsThe 2D:4D correlated negatively with HGS and SLJ. MPS was also negatively associated with 2D:4D, but was positively correlated to HGS, expertise, training, and self‐confidence (SC). Multiple linear regression showed 2D:4D and expertise were associated with MPS (43%–54%). None of the physical, or hormonal variables tested explained the links between 2D:4D and MPS.ConclusionTherefore, the specific fitness components influenced by prenatal androgenization that moderate sports success remain unknown. Future studies should explore the interaction of 2D:4D, with tennis exercises as a challenge to induce hormonal change, the effect of pubertal stage, and the influence of aerobic endurance in determining MPS.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Annulation and Spirolactonization of 2‐Aryl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles with 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐alkynoates via C−H bond activation
Authors: Siva Sankaram G. , Sahoo Tanmoy , Madhu Myadari , Sridhar B. , Subba Reddy B. V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRh(III) catalyzed C−H bond annulation and spirolactonization of 2‐aryl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles with 4‐hydroxy‐2‐alkynoates has been developed for the first time for the synthesis of a diverse range of 2’,2’‐dimethyl‐2’H‐spiro[benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐a]isoindole and fused dimethylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐a]furo[3,4‐c]isoquinoline derivatives. This method is a versatile and atom‐economical to produce polycyclic frameworks in a single‐step.
Familial Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Clinical Spectrum and Genetic Evidence for a Polygenic Architecture
Authors: Harris Rebekah V. , Oliver Karen L. , Perucca Piero , Striano Pasquale , Labate Angelo , Riva Antonella , Grinton Bronwyn E. , Reid Joshua , Hutton Jessica , Todaro Marian , O'Brien Terence J. , Kwan Patrick , Sadleir Lynette G. , Mullen Saul A. , Dazzo Emanuela , Crompton Douglas E. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Bahlo Melanie , Nobile Carlo , Gambardella Antonio , Berkovic Samuel F. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveFamilial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE) is an important focal epilepsy syndrome; its molecular genetic basis is unknown. Clinical descriptions of FMTLE vary between a mild syndrome with prominent déjà vu to a more severe phenotype with febrile seizures and hippocampal sclerosis. We aimed to refine the phenotype of FMTLE by analyzing a large cohort of patients and asked whether common risk variants for focal epilepsy and/or febrile seizures, measured by polygenic risk scores (PRS), are enriched in individuals with FMTLE.MethodsWe studied 134 families with ≥ 2 first or second‐degree relatives with temporal lobe epilepsy, with clear mesial ictal semiology required in at least one individual. PRS were calculated for 227 FMTLE cases, 124 unaffected relatives, and 16,077 population controls.ResultsThe age of patients with FMTLE onset ranged from 2.5 to 70 years (median = 18, interquartile range = 13–28 years). The most common focal seizure symptom was déjà vu (62% of cases), followed by epigastric rising sensation (34%), and fear or anxiety (22%). The clinical spectrum included rare cases with drug‐resistance and/or hippocampal sclerosis. FMTLE cases had a higher mean focal epilepsy PRS than population controls (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.06, 1.46, p = 0.007); in contrast, no enrichment for the febrile seizure PRS was observed.InterpretationFMTLE is a generally mild drug‐responsive syndrome with déjà vu being the commonest symptom. In contrast to dominant monogenic focal epilepsy syndromes, our molecular data support a polygenic basis for FMTLE. Furthermore, the PRS data suggest that sub‐genome‐wide significant focal epilepsy genome‐wide association study single nucleotide polymorphisms are important risk variants for FMTLE. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:825–835
CCNK Gene Deficiency Influences Neural Progenitor Cells Via Wnt5a Signaling in CCNK‐Related Syndrome
Authors: Dai Weiqian , Wang He , Zhan Yongkun , Li Nan , Li Fei , Wang Jingmin , Yan Huifang , Zhang Yu , Wang Junyu , Wu Lingqian , Liu Huili , Fan Yanjie , Tao Yue , Mo Xi , Yang Jian‐Jun , Sun Kun , Chen Guiquan , Yu Yongguo 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveRare variants of CCNK (cyclin K) give rise to a syndrome with intellectual disability. The purpose of this study was to describe the genotype–phenotype spectrum of CCNK‐related syndrome and the underlying molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis.MethodsWe identified a number of de novo CCNK variants in unrelated patients. We generated patient‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) as disease models. In addition, we constructed NPC‐specific Ccnk knockout (KO) mice and performed molecular and morphological analyses.ResultsWe identified 2 new patients harboring CCNK missense variants and followed‐up 3 previous reported patients, which constitute the largest patient population analysis of the disease. We demonstrate that both the patient‐derived NPC models and the Ccnk KO mouse displayed deficient NPC proliferation and enhanced apoptotic cell death. RNA sequencing analyses of these NPC models uncovered transcriptomic signatures unique to CCNK‐related syndrome, revealing significant changes in genes, including WNT5A, critical for progenitor proliferation and cell death. Further, to confirm WNT5A's role, we conducted rescue experiments using NPC and mouse models. We found that a Wnt5a inhibitor significantly increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis in NPCs derived from patients with CCNK‐related syndrome and NPCs in the developing cortex of Ccnk KO mice.InterpretationWe discussed the genotype–phenotype relationship of CCNK‐related syndrome. Importantly, we demonstrated that CCNK plays critical roles in NPC proliferation and NPC apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Together, our study highlights that Wnt5a may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the disease intervention. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1136–1154
Spasticity Predicts Motor Recovery for Patients with Subacute Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sangari Sina , Chen Bing , Grover Francis , Salsabili Hoda , Sheth Manasi , Gohil Kavita , Hobbs Sara , Olson Amanda , Eisner‐Janowicz Ines , Anschel Alan , Kim Ki , Chen David , Kessler Allison , Heinemann Allen W. , Oudega Martin , Kwon Brian K. , Kirshblum Steven , Guest James D. , Perez Monica A. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveA motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the loss of voluntary motor control below the point of injury. Some of these patients can regain partial motor function through inpatient rehabilitation; however, there is currently no biomarker to easily identify which patients have this potential. Evidence indicates that spasticity could be that marker. Patients with motor complete SCI who exhibit spasticity show preservation of descending motor pathways, the pathways necessary for motor signals to be carried from the brain to the target muscle. We hypothesized that the presence of spasticity predicts motor recovery after subacute motor complete SCI.MethodsSpasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale and pendulum test) and descending connectivity (motor evoked potentials) were tested in the rectus femoris muscle in patients with subacute motor complete (n = 36) and motor incomplete (n = 30) SCI. Motor recovery was assessed by using the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury and the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS). All measurements were taken at admission and discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.ResultsWe found that motor complete SCI patients with spasticity improved in motor scores and showed AIS conversion to either motor or sensory incomplete. Conversely, patients without spasticity showed no changes in motor scores and AIS conversion. In incomplete SCI patients, motor scores improved and AIS conversion occurred regardless of spasticity.InterpretationThese findings suggest that spasticity represents an easy‐to‐use clinical outcome that might help to predict motor recovery after severe SCI. This knowledge can improve inpatient rehabilitation effectiveness for motor complete SCI patients. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:71–86
Bifunctional Near‐Neutral Electrolyte Enhances Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Kaiyue , Tao Yu , Fu Linke , Li Chen , Xu Bingjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPerformance of electrocatalytic reactions depends on not only the composition and structure of the active sites, but also their local environment, including the surrounding electrolyte. In this work, we demonstrate that BF2(OH)2− anion is the key fluoroborate species formed in the mixed KBi/KF (KBi=potassium borate) electrolyte to enhance the rate of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at near‐neutral pH. Through a combination of electrokinetic and in situ spectroscopic studies, we show that the mixed KBi/KF electrolyte promotes the OER via two pathways: 1) stabilizing the interfacial pH during the proton‐producing reaction with its high buffering capacity; and 2) activating the interfacial water via strong hydrogen bonds with F‐containing species. With the KBi/KF electrolyte, electrodeposited Co(OH)2 is able to achieve 100 mA/cm2 at 1.74 V, which is among the highest reported activities with earth‐abundant electrocatalysts at near neutral conditions. These findings highlight the potential of leveraging electrolyte‐engineering for improving the electrochemical performance of the OER.
Hybrid Vesicles Enable Mechano‐Responsive Hydrogel Degradation
Authors: Hwang Sung‐Won , Lim Chung‐Man , Huynh Cong Truc , Moghimianavval Hossein , Kotov Nicholas A. , Alsberg Eben , Liu Allen P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStimuli‐responsive hydrogels are intriguing biomimetic materials. Previous efforts to develop mechano‐responsive hydrogels have mostly relied on chemical modifications of the hydrogel structures. Here, we present a simple, generalizable strategy that confers mechano‐responsive behavior on hydrogels. Our approach involves embedding hybrid vesicles, composed of phospholipids and amphiphilic block copolymers, within the hydrogel matrix to act as signal transducers. Under mechanical stress, these vesicles undergo deformation and rupture, releasing encapsulated compounds that can control the hydrogel network. To demonstrate this concept, we embedded vesicles containing ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a calcium chelator, into a calcium‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel. When compressed, the released EGTA sequesters calcium ions and degrades the hydrogel. This study provides a novel method for engineering mechano‐responsive hydrogels that may be useful in various biomedical applications.
Directing (110) Oriented Lithium Deposition through High‐flux Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Dendrite‐free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Sun Zehui , Wang Yuankun , Shen Shenyu , Li Xinyang , Hu Xiaofei , Hu Mingyou , Su Yaqiong , Ding Shujiang , Xiao Chunhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractControlling lithium (Li) electrocrystallization with preferred orientation is a promising strategy to realize highly reversible Li metal batteries (LMBs) but lack of facile regulation methods. Herein, we report a high‐flux solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) strategy to direct (110) preferred Li deposition even on (200)‐orientated Li substrate. Bravais rule and Curie‐Wulff principle are expanded in Li electrocrystallization process to decouple the relationship between SEI engineering and preferred crystal orientation. Multi‐spectroscopic techniques combined with dynamics analysis reveal that the high‐flux CF3Si(CH3)3 (F3) induced SEI (F3‐SEI) with high LiF and −Si(CH3)3 contents can ingeniously accelerate Li+ transport dynamics and ensure the sufficient Li+ concentration below SEI to direct Li (110) orientation. The induced Li (110) can in turn further promote the surface migration of Li atoms to avoid tip aggregation, resulting in a planar, dendrite‐free morphology of Li. As a result, our F3‐SEI enables ultra‐long stability of Li||Li symmetrical cells for more than 336 days. Furthermore, F3‐SEI modified Li can significantly enhance the cycle life of Li||LiFePO4 and Li||NCM811 coin and pouch full cells in practical conditions. Our crystallographic strategy for Li dendrite suppression paves a path to achieve reliable LMBs and may provide guidance for the preferred orientation of other metal crystals.
Conjugated Nanohoop Polymers based on Antiaromatic Dibenzopentalenes for Charge Storage in Organic Batteries
Authors: Seitz Philipp , Bhosale Manik , Rzesny Luisa , Uhlmann Anselm , Wössner Jan S. , Wessling Robin , Esser Birgit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith their bent π‐systems, cyclic conjugation and inherent cavities, conjugated nanohoops are attractive for organic electronics applications. For ease of processing and morphological stability, an incorporation into polymers is desirable, but to date was hampered with few exceptions by synthetic difficulties. We herein present a unique strategy for the synthesis of conjugated nanohoop polymers using a dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP) as central connector. We demonstrate this versatility by synthesizing three electronically diverse copolymers with dithienyldiketo(pyrrolopyrrol), fluorene and carbazole comonomers, and report the first donor‐acceptor nanohoop polymer. Optoelectronic investigations reveal the prevalence of cyclic or linear conjugation, depending on the comonomer unit, and ambipolar electrochemical properties through the antiaromatic character of the DBP units. As the first report on using conjugated nanohoops for charge storage as positive electrode materials, we show a significant improvement in battery performance in a nanohoop‐containing polymer compared to an equivalent nanohoop‐free reference polymer. We believe this study will pave the way for the synthesis of a diverse range of nanohoop polymers and further stimulate their exploration for charge storage in batteries.
A multivariate approach to qualify “Moroccan Picholine” virgin olive oil according to extraction and environmental factors
Authors: El Yamani Mohamed , Sakar El Hassan , Boussakouran Abdelali , Gharby Said , Ainane Tarik , Rharrabti Yahia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the composition and quality characteristics of the “Moroccan Picholine” virgin olive oil (VOO) produced in Taza province (northern Morocco). Legal quality indices, pigments, total phenols, oxidative stability, and fatty acid composition were analyzed under the impact of three extraction systems (two phase [C2] and three phase [C3] centrifugation decanters and super‐pressure [SP]) in three production sites (Bni Frassen, Bouchfaa, and Taza) during three consecutive crop seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). All the assessed parameters were largely affected by the extraction system. Indeed, the two phase centrifugation system provided the better quality of VOO with the lowest values of free fatty acids and oxidation indices and the highest amounts of oleic acid, carotenoids, and total phenols therefore the greatest oxidative stability. Crop season and production site had only significant impacts on some parameters. VOO produced in 2015 from Bni Frassen was richer on total phenols hence presented lower values of peroxide value. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation along PC1 (58%) between C2 with better VOO characteristics from both C3 and SP, while PC2 (11%) allowed a net distinction of VOO produced in 2014 from those in 2015 and 2016. Moreover, the oxidative stability of the assessed VOO was found strongly related to total phenol and carotenoid contents as well as oleic/linoleic ratio.