bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury-induced neurodegeneration and inflammation is attenuated by acetyl-L-carnitine in a preclinical model
Authors: Hiskens Matthew I. , Li Katy M. , Schneiders Anthony G. , Fenning Andrew S. 
Published: September 2023

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBI) may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases through secondary injury pathways. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) shows neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory effects and via regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity by counteracting post-trauma excitotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate mechanisms implicated in the etiology of neurodegeneration in rmTBI mice treated with ALC. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were allocated to sham, rmTBI or ALC + rmTBI groups. 15 rmTBIs were administered across 23 days using a modified weight drop model. Neurological testing and spatial learning and memory assessments via the Morris Water Maze (MWM) were undertaken at 48 h and 3 months. RT-PCR analysis of the cortex and hippocampus was undertaken for MAPT, GFAP, AIF1, GRIA, CCL11, TDP43, and TNF genes. Gene expression in the cortex showed elevated mRNA levels of MAPT, TNF, and GFAP in the rmTBI group that were reduced by ALC treatment. In the hippocampus, mRNA expression was elevated for GRIA1 in the rmTBI group but not the ALC + rmTBI treatment group. ALC treatment showed protective effects against the deficits displayed in neurological testing and MWM assessment observed in the rmTBI group. While brain structures display differential vulnerability to insult as evidenced by location specific postimpact disruption of key genes, this study shows correlative mRNA neurodegeneration and functional impairment that was ameliorated by ALC treatment in several key genes. ALC may mitigate damage inflicted in the various secondary neurodegenerative cascades and contribute to functional protection following rmTBI.
Electrophysiological correlates of semantic pain processing in the affective priming
Authors: Gilioli Anna , Borelli Eleonora , Serafini Luana , Pesciarelli Francesca 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionPain plays a fundamental role in the well-being of the individual, and its semantic content may have specific properties compared to other negative domains (i.e., fear and anger) which allows the cognitive system to detect it with priority. Considering the influence of the affective context in which stimuli (targets) are evaluated, it is possible that their valence could be differentially processed if preceded by negative stimuli (primes) associated with pain than negative stimuli not associated with pain. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of the implicit processing of words with pain content by using an affective priming paradigm.MethodsEvent-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants were presented with positive and negative word targets (not associated with pain) that were preceded by positive, negative (not associated with pain), and pain word primes. Participants were asked to judge the valence of the target word.ResultsResults showed faster reaction times (RTs) in congruent conditions, especially when the negative target was preceded by a pain prime rather than a positive one. ERPs analyses showed no effect of pain at an early-stage processing (N400), but a larger waveform when the pain prime preceded the positive prime on the LPP.DiscussionThese results reaffirm the importance that valence has in establishing the priority with which stimuli are encoded in the environment and highlight the role that pain has in the processing of stimuli, supporting the hypothesis according to which the valence and the semantics of a stimulus interact with each other generating a specific response for each type of emotion.
Perspectives of patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer on symptoms, impacts on daily activities, and thresholds for meaningful change: a qualitative research study
Authors: Cardellino Anna , Shah Manasee , Hanlon Jennifer , Kelly Kimberly , Martin Alexandra , Roborel de Climens Aude , Taiyari Sara , Stojadinovic Alexander 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionAdvanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with significant symptom burden. It is important to understand the impact of these disease-and treatment-related symptoms on patients’ daily lives and explore from a patient perspective what constitutes a meaningful change in NSCLC symptoms.MethodsPatient experience of advanced or metastatic NSCLC was explored in this prospective, non-interventional qualitative research study recruiting patients from the United States (US). Interviews were conducted to explore the most important symptoms, daily life impacts, and patients’ perspectives of what constitutes meaningful change when considering their current symptoms versus 6–12 months prior, based on the Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C) items.ResultsBetween February and April 2022, 19 US-based patients with Stage IV NSCLC were recruited; 95% were female, 63% were White, 79% had been diagnosed &gt;1 year prior, and 63% were receiving targeted therapy. Over half the patients indicated their most important symptoms were fatigue, shortness of breath, and cough. Patient differentiation between whether symptoms were disease- or treatment-related lacked concordance, and often patients were unable to distinguish the two. The most frequently mentioned impacts of these symptoms on patients’ daily lives were difficulty walking, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression, impact on relationships, and difficulty doing daily tasks. Most patients considered a one-point change on the PGI-S or PGI-C to be meaningful based on rating their symptom severity at the time of the interview compared with 6–12 months before the interview.ConclusionBased on their own symptom experience, patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC indicated a one-point threshold for meaningful change, whether improvement or worsening. This suggests a one-point change on the PGI-S or PGI-C may be a potential anchor for patient-reported outcome (PRO) endpoints used in clinical trials. It is important to use PRO instruments that capture the symptoms and impacts identified as most important to patients. These findings highlight the importance of using qualitative methods to assess disease-related symptoms, treatment-related side effects, and the impacts on daily life for patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC, underscoring how qualitative assessments can complement quantitative PRO instruments for evaluating clinical trials.
The relationship between personality traits and willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery in the non-clinical population – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lăzărescu Gianina-Mălina , Vintilă Mona 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveConducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize previously obtained results regarding the relationship between interest in cosmetic surgery and personality traits.MethodologyA series of criteria were applied (at the level of design, independent variables, dependent variable, participants) in order to decide which existing studies could be considered eligible for inclusion in the meta-analytic procedure. The identification of research that met the eligibility criteria was carried out with the help of the electronic search function in the following databases: ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer, and PubMed. Following this approach left 13 studies that were then subjected to the final analysis and included in the meta-analysis.ResultsThe researchers’ expectations were partially supported by the results of the analyses, thus demonstrating the existence of a significant relationship between perfectionism (socially prescribed perfectionism; perfectionistic self-promotion), appearance-based rejection sensitivity, and interest in pursuing esthetic surgery.DiscussionsIdentifying these relationships will allow cosmetic surgeons to understand both the mechanisms underlying this decision and the need for psychological assessment/counseling before patients undergo such procedures. It will also allow psychologists to develop best practice guidelines for how they relate to the patient before they perform cosmetic surgery. At the same time, psychotherapists will be able to devise targeted and personalized interventions for each personality profile, so that the decision to undergo an esthetic operation is not made based on a dispositional trait (fear of rejection, stress caused by body dissatisfaction).
Factors associated with health behaviors in preventing non-communicable diseases among older adults living alone in poverty in Japan
Authors: Imamatsu Yuki , Tadaka Etsuko 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionOlder adults who live alone in poverty are highly susceptible to non-communicable diseases and other adverse conditions owing to health disparities resulting from social structures. However, the factors associated with health behavior to prevent non-communicable diseases in this population are rarely explored. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with health behavior to prevent non-communicable diseases among older adults living alone in poverty.MethodsWe conducted a self-administered mail survey covering 2,818 older adults living alone who were receiving public assistance, randomly selected from lists of individuals receiving national public assistance in all 1,250 local social welfare offices across Japan. A total of 1,608 individuals completed the questionnaire, a valid response rate of 57.1%. Respondents’ mean age was 74.5 years (standard deviation = 6.7), and 52.9% were women. The study variables included demographic characteristics, scores on a health behavior scale for older adults living alone and receiving public assistance (HBSO), and individual and community-related factors.ResultsLogistic regression analysis revealed that the individual factor of having a health check-up in the past 12 months [odds ratio (OR): 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.91] and the community-related factors Lubben social network scale score (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.12–1.18) and Community Commitment Scale score (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08) were significantly associated with HBSO scores.ConclusionTo improve health behavior among older adults living alone in poverty in Japan, social structures, such as lowering mental barriers to the detection, treatment, and management of non-communicable diseases and developing human resources, should be changed to provide social support, such that these individuals are not only dependent on family and friends.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumonia-related bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yijie , Sun Ting , Cai Ying , Zhai Tianshu , Huang Linna , Zhang Qi , Wang Chunlei , Chen He , Huang Xu , Li Min , Xia Jingen , Gu Sichao , Guo Lingxi , Yang Bin , Wu Xiaojing , Lu Binghuai , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundBloodstream infections (BSI) are one of the most severe healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units (ICU). However, there are few studies on pneumonia-related BSI (PRBSI) in the ICU. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic characteristics of patients with PRBSI in the ICU and to provide a clinical basis for early clinical identification.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from patients with bacterial BSI in a single-center ICU between January 1, 2017, and August 31, 2020. Clinical diagnosis combined with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to clarify the diagnosis of PRBSI, and patients with PRBSI and non-PRBSI were analyzed for clinical features, prognosis, imaging presentation, and distribution of pathogenic microorganisms.ResultsOf the 2,240 patients admitted to the MICU, 120 with bacterial BSI were included in this study. Thirty-two (26.7%) patients were identified as having PRBSI based on the clinical diagnosis combined with WGS. Compared to patients without PRBSI, those with PRBSI had higher 28-day mortality (81.3 vs.51.1%, p = 0.003), a higher total mortality rate (93.8 vs. 64.8%, p = 0.002), longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (median 16 vs. 6 days, p = 0.037), and prolonged duration of ICU stay (median 21 vs. 10 days, p = 0.004). There were no differences in other baseline data between the two groups, but patients with PRBSI had extensive consolidation on chest radiographs and significantly higher Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema scores (mean 35 vs. 24, p &lt; 0.001). The most common causative organisms isolated in the PRBSI group were gram-negative bacteria (n = 31, 96.9%), with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounting for 68.8% (n = 22) and multidrug-resistant bacteria accounting for 81.3% (n = 26).ConclusionPneumonia-related BSI is an important component of ICU-BSI and has a poor prognosis. Compared to non-PRBSI, patients with PRBSI do not have typical clinical features but have more severe lung consolidation lesions, and should be alerted to the possibility of their occurrence when combined with pulmonary gram-negative bacterial infections, especially carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Further multicenter, large-sample studies are needed to identify the risk factors for the development of PRBSI and prevention and treatment strategies.
Factors influencing community pharmacists’ knowledge about women’s issues in epilepsy
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al-himyari Sabba Saleh , Shahwan Moyad , Hassan Nageeb , AL-Tamimi Saleh , Jairoun Maimona , Zyoud Saed H. , Alshehri Abdullah S. , Alkhanani Mustfa Faisal , Alhasani Reem Hasaballah , Alharbi Adnan S. , Alshehri Fahad S. , Ashour Ahmed M. , Alorfi Nasser M. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies have highlighted instances where pharmacists lacked knowledge regarding women’s health issues related to epilepsy.ObjectivesTo assess UAE community pharmacists’ knowledge, toward women’s issues in epilepsy.Methodsa cross-sectional research method was employed. A team of seven pharmacy students in their final year visited a randomly selected sample of community pharmacies in the UAE and face-to-face interviews were conducted with the pharmacists using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire includes two parts; Eight questions designed to elicit data about the demographics of the study participants and 12 questions eliciting insights into the participants’ knowledge of women’s issues in epilepsy.ResultsA total of 412 community pharmacist were recruited in the study. The overall level of knowledge about women’s issues in epilepsy was good and the average knowledge score was 81% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [79.1, 82.7%]. The results of multivariate analysis showed higher knowledge scores in chain pharmacies (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.12–1.67), Chief pharmacists (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.01–2.06), Pharmacists in charge (OR 3.46; 95% CI 2.7–4.45), pharmacists with 1–5 Years of experience (OR 2.87; 95% CI 1.71–4.82), pharmacists with 6–10 Years (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.58–4.38), pharmacists with &gt;10 years (OR 3.13; 95% CI 2.03–4.83), graduation form regional universities (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.12–1.67), graduation form international universities (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36–2.20) and receiving a training on epilepsy (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.12–1.67).ConclusionWhile the findings reveal an overall promising level of knowledge among community pharmacists regarding the issues faced by women with epilepsy, pinpointing which clinical and demographic factors have the most significant impact on this knowledge would permit the implementation of tailored educational interventions. Workshops and modules targeting the issues faced by women with epilepsy would further raise the knowledge and competence among community pharmacists in this area, ensuring better pharmaceutical care for this population.
Latest Trends in the Cybersecurity after the Solar Wind Hacking Attack
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Aziz Omer , Hussain Tariq 
Published: September 2023

That dominance, in any case, has gotten to be a risk. On Sunday, Solar Winds alarmed thousands of its clients that an “outside country state” had found a back entryway into its most well-known item, an instrument called Orion that makes a difference organizations screen blackouts on their computer systems and servers. The company uncovered that programmers snuck a malevolent code that gave them inaccessible get to customers’ systems into an upgrade of Orion. The hack started as early as Walk, Solar Winds conceded, giving the programmers bounty of time to get to the customers’ inside workings. The breach was not found until the unmistakable cybersecurity company FireEye, which itself employments Solar Winds, decided it had experienced a breach through the program. FireEye has not freely faulted that breach on the Solar Winds hack, but it allegedly affirmed that was the case to the tech location Krebs On Security on Tuesday. FireEye depicted the malware’s bewildering capabilities, from at first lying torpid up to two weeks, to stowed away. That was December 13, 2020. FireEye gauges programmers to begin with picked up get to in Walk 2020. For about eight months, malevolent on-screen characters carted absent untold sums of touchy information from contaminated organizations — and the total scope of the breach is still unfolding. Despite Microsoft seizing the code’s command and control server (a common component in botnet assaults as well), a few security specialists think the assailants may still have get to the Solar Winds Orion program system. Others are conjecturing that these programmers cleared out behind extra, yet-to-be-seen malevolent code.
Intrusion Detection in Cyber Space Using Machine Learning Based Algorithm
Authors: Bashir Muhammad , Atique Muhammad , Rehman Saif Ur , Khalil Muhammad Ibrahim 
Published: September 2023

Now a day, the fast growth of Internet access and the adoption of smart digital technology has resulted in new cybercrime strategies targeting regular people and businesses. The Web and social activities take precedence in most aspects of their lives, but also poses significant social risks. Static and dynamic analysis are inefficient in detecting unknown malware in standard threat detection approaches. Virus makers create new malware by modifying current malware using polymorphic and evasion tactics in order to fool. Furthermore, by utilizing selection of features techniques to identify more important features and minimizing amount of the data, these Machine Learning models' accuracy can be increased, resulting in fewer calculations. In the previous study traditional machine learning approaches were used to detect Malware. We employed Cuckoo sandbox, a malware detection and analysis system for detection and categorization, in this study we provide a Machine Learning based Intrusion analysis system to calculate exact and on spot Intrusion classification. We integrated feature extraction and component selection from the file, as well as selecting the much higher quality, resulting in exceptional accuracy and cheaper computing costs. For reliable identification and fine-grained categorization, we use a variety of machine learning algorithms. Our experimental results show that we achieved good, classified accuracy when compared to state-of-the-art approaches. We employed machine learning techniques such as K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Decision Tree. Using the Random Forest classifier on 108 features, we attained the greatest accuracy of 99.37 percent. We also discovered that Random Forest outscored all other classic machine learning techniques during the procedure. These findings can aid in the exact and accurate identification of Malware families.
Country Level Social Aggression Using Computational Modelling
Authors: Iqbal Saqib , Siddiqui Ghazanfar Farooq , Hussain Lal 
Published: September 2023

Computational modelling is emerging field to model the cognitive as well as social interactions between individual and society. Aggression is social evil which is instance response and its impact last for long time. Different societies have different norms and values based on ecological, environmental and cultural attributes so aggression level also varies among individuals and societies. Current study is based on psychological and temporal aggressive behaviour different individuals and societies in same habitat. In this paper we have proposed a frame work to model human social and psychological behaviors. Results are based on simulation which are according to our assumptions.
La « compensation après-vente » (zhaojia 找價) au Jiangnan sous les dynasties des Ming et des Qing. Étude de cette pratique à travers l’évolution de la taxation des transactions foncières
Authors: Feng A 
Published: September 2023

The emergence and spread of the practice of “after-sale compensation” (zhaojia 找價) under the Ming and Qing dynasties was driven not only by rising land prices and regulation of resales, but also by changes in the system of taxation of land transactions, notably in the tax rate. Some previous studies have suggested that a 3% tax rate on these sales was maintained throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties ; however, the government in fact lowered the taxes on these transactions at the beginning of the Ming. In the mid-and late Ming, the tax rate was intermittently restored to 3%, depending on the state’s financial exigencies. In the mid-Qing a more rigorous system of the “notarization” of base contracts, and afferent acts drawn up simultaneously with them, was established. The development of the practice of after-sale compensation thus coincided with changes in the system of both fiscal acts and taxation rates. From several of the extant after-sale compensation contracts, notably separate contracts to arrive at an irrevocable sale in urban property sales, it is clear that the practice of after-sale compensation was aimed at avoiding paying tax.
Spiritual Colonisation: Society and Religious Cults in Central Hunan since the Song Dynasty
Authors: Wing Sing Lui 
Published: September 2023

La mise au jour récente d’une multitude de sources primaires dans la région du centre du Hunan a considérablement enrichi les études sur le taoïsme local en Chine. La découverte la plus notable est celle de petites statues en bois dans lesquelles sont ingénieusement dissimulés des certificats de consécration. En tant que divinités communautaires et familiales, le « maître de famille » (jiazhu 家主) et le « maître du lieu » (dizhu 地主) sont représentés sous la forme de ces statues et disposés sur les autels domestiques. Membres du clan, les dizhu sont honorés d’une part en raison de leur pouvoir spirituel (fashu 法術), et ont été identifiés à des chamans et des dieux territoriaux et, d’autre part, comme les jiazhu, ils sont vénérés comme des divinités ayant mis en valeur des terres incultes. Le culte des ancêtres dans les communautés locales implique principalement la célébration des jiazhu. Cet article présente une étude du développement de leur culte par le biais d’analyses de diverses sources primaires, notamment des documents officiels, des sources locales et des textes rituels taoïstes. L’auteur se concentre sur le long processus au cours duquel les croyances locales se sont entrelacées avec différents cultes à partir de la dynastie des Song, ce qui a donné lieu à des caractéristiques régionales spécifiques qui sont repérables dans les observances rituelles de routine.