bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-fiberized linearly polarized superfluorescent fiber source with 5  kW power output
Authors: Chen Qi , Ren Shuai , Liu Wei , Chen Yisha , Ma Pengfei , Pan Zhiyong , Chen Zilun , Wang Zefeng 
Published: August 2023

A superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) is a special fiber source that commonly possesses high temporal stability and a wide spectral linewidth. In this work, an all-fiberized linearly polarized SFS with, to our knowledge, record output power and near-diffraction-limited beam quality is presented. Up to 5.03 kW SFS is achieved at a pump power of 6.18 kW with a corresponding conversion efficiency of ∼81.1%. At maximum output power, the signal-to-noise ratio to background spectral noise is over 50 dB, the polarization extinction ratio is ∼17dB, and the beam quality factor is M
x
2=1.49, M
y
2=1.44. Further comparisons confirm the power scalability of fiber amplifiers employing SFSs as seed lasers. Overall, this work could provide a good reference for potential exploration of high-power fiber laser systems.
Health-related quality of life among critically ill patients after discharge from the ICU—A systematic review protocol
Authors: Li Yao , Fang Dan , Wu Qiao 
Published: August 2023

The impact of critical illness on patients is profound, resulting in physical, mental, and social consequences and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Several studies investigated HRQOL among patients discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU). However, few systematic reviews cover studies conducted in the last decade or using valid instruments for measuring HRQOL in general ICU survivor populations. Herein, we conduct a systematic review of these studies that followed PRISMA guidelines. We will search PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Cochrane Library, and Open Grey for papers. We will search for articles reporting the HRQOL of ICU survivors that were written in English and published from 01 January 2012 onward from the date of this protocol’s publication. We will also extract HRQOL data and analyze associate factors. The risk of bias will be measured with a standard quality assessment tool. The strength of the results will depend on the number of studies and the consistency of their results.
Trial registration number: PROSPERO CRD 42022304279.
Preventing sedentary lifestyles among young children born with congenital heart defects: A feasibility study of physical activity rehabilitation after surgical or catheterization intervention
Authors: Ramanan Neya , Lee Suzie , Maharajh Gyaandeo , Webster Richard , Longmuir Patricia E. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often have inactive lifestyles and motor skill deficits beginning in infancy. The least active infants continue to be the least active children at school age. Enhancing physical activity and motor development in infancy, at the time of CHD treatment, may prevent inactive lifestyle habits.

Methods
All children being treated, through surgery or catheterization, for congenital heart disease are eligible if they are 3 to 72 months of age at enrollment. The Peabody Motor Development Scales (Version 2) and 7-day accelerometry (Actigraph GT9X Link) assess motor skills and physical activity prior to treatment and 7 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post-treatment. Participants are randomized 3:1 to intervention:control. Until 7 weeks post-treatment, intervention activities focus on regaining pre-treatment mobility and midline crossing. From 7 weeks to 6 months post-treatment, the intervention is individualized to each child’s assessment results and is parent-led, delivered at home and play-based.

Conclusion
This feasibility study will provide essential data for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate play-based, parent-delivered interventions optimized to support age-appropriate physical activity and motor skills among young children with CHD. Preliminary intervention efficacy data will inform an evidence-based sample size calculation, optimize intervention timing, and identify hypotheses on the motor skill—physical activity connection and the impact of play-based, parent-led interventions during recovery from CHD treatment. Long-term, the goal is to optimize motor skill and active lifestyles among young children with CHD, enabling their healthy growth and development and enhancing childhood quality of life.

Trial registration
Clinical trials registration: NCT04619745.
Delayed diagnosis of congenital cataract in preterm infants: Findings from the IoLunder2 cohort study
Authors: Solebo Ameenat Lola , Rahi Jugnoo Sangeeta ,   on behalf of the British Congenital Cataract Interest Group
Published: August 2023

Background and objectives
Early detection is critical to achieving optimal outcomes in children with congenital cataract. We hypothesized that detection of congenital cataract in preterm infants would be delayed compared with term/post-term peers due to delayed delivery of whole population child health interventions.

Methods
Secondary analysis of data using a nested case-control study approach in a prospective population-based cohort study. Inclusion criteria comprised children diagnosed with congenital cataract requiring surgical intervention during the first two years of life in UK and Ireland in 2009 and 2010. Association between late detection (after eight weeks post-natal age, ie outside the neonatal and infant eye national screening programme) of cataract and preterm birth (gestational age less than 37 weeks) was assessed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Of 186 children with congenital cataract, 17 children were born preterm (9%, gestational age range 24–37weeks). Neonatal detection occurred in 64/186 (34%), and late detection in 64 children (34%). Late detection was independently associated with premature birth, specifically moderate/late preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio 3.0, 95%CI 1.1 to 8.5).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that, despite enhanced eye surveillance being recommended for those born moderate/late preterm (32+ weeks gestational age, ie not eligible for retinopathy of prematurity screening), congenital cataract is not being effectively detected through the routine screening programme for this vulnerable group. It is necessary to improve the effectiveness of the screening programme, and care must be taken to ensure that competing health care needs of preterm children do not prevent universal child health interventions.
Clustering of uveal melanoma: County wide analysis within Ohio
Authors: Clevenger Leanne M. , Wrenn Jacquelyn D. , Bena James , Sodhi Guneet , Tullio Katherine , Singh Arun D. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
To determine if a greater than expected number of cases (clustering) of uveal melanoma occurred within Ohio for any specific region or time period as compared to others.

Design
Analysis of population database.

Methods
Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System (OCISS) database (2000–2019) was accessed for the diagnosis of uveal melanoma using the International Classification of Disease for Oncology codes: C69.3 (choroid), C69.4 (ciliary body and iris). Counties within Ohio were grouped by geographic regions (7) and socioeconomic variables. Age- and race-standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated to determine temporal or geographic clustering.

Results
Over the twenty-year period, the total number of uveal melanoma cases reported within Ohio were 1,617 with the overall age-adjusted annual incidence of 6.72 cases per million population (95% CI 6.30–7.16). There was an increase in the incidence of uveal melanoma over 20 years (p<0.001) across seven geographic regions, but no significant difference in incidence rates between the regions. There was no difference in incidence based on county classification by age composition (p = 0.14) or education level (p = 0.11). Counties with a low median household income (p<0.001), those classified as urban (p = 0.004), and those with a greater minority population (p = 0.004) had lower incidence. Less populated counties had a higher incidence of uveal melanoma (p<0.001).

Conclusions
There is no evidence of geographic or temporal clustering of uveal melanoma within Ohio from 2000 to 2019.
Is there a place for sigmoidoscopy in colorectal cancer screening? A systematic review and critical appraisal of cost-effectiveness models
Authors: Diedrich Leonie , Brinkmann Melanie , Dreier Maren , Rossol Siegbert , Schramm Wendelin , Krauth Christian 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is effective in reducing both incidence and mortality. Colonoscopy and stool tests are most frequently used for this purpose. Sigmoidoscopy is an alternative screening measure with a strong evidence base. Due to its distinct characteristics, it might be preferred by subgroups. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the cost-effectiveness of sigmoidoscopy for CRC screening compared to other screening methods and to identify influencing parameters.

Methods
A systematic literature search for the time frame 01/2010–01/2023 was conducted using the databases MEDLINE, Embase, EconLit, Web of Science, NHS EED, as well as the Cost-Effectiveness Registry. Full economic analyses examining sigmoidoscopy as a screening measure for the general population at average risk for CRC were included. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. All included studies were critically assessed based on a questionnaire for modelling studies.

Results
Twenty-five studies are included in the review. Compared to no screening, sigmoidoscopy is a cost-effective screening strategy for CRC. When modelled as a single measure strategy, sigmoidoscopy is mostly dominated by colonoscopy or modern stool tests. When combined with annual stool testing, sigmoidoscopy in 5-year intervals is more effective and less costly than the respective strategies alone. The results of the studies are influenced by varying assumptions on adherence, costs, and test characteristics.

Conclusion
The combination of sigmoidoscopy and stool testing represents a cost-effective screening strategy that has not received much attention in current guidelines. Further research is needed that goes beyond a narrow focus on screening technology and models different, preference-based participation behavior in subgroups.
A clinical prediction model to differentiate tuberculous spondylodiscitis from pyogenic spontaneous spondylodiscitis
Authors: Lertudomphonwanit Thamrong , Somboonprasert Chirtwut , Lilakhunakon Kittiphon , Jaovisidha Suphaneewan , Ruangchaijatuporn Thumanoon , Fuangfa Praman , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Watcharananan Siriorn , Chanplakorn Pongsthorn 
Published: August 2023

Background
Microbiological diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis (TS) and pyogenic spontaneous spondylodiscitis (PS) is sometime difficult. This study aimed to identify the predictive factors for differentiating TS from PS using clinical characteristics, radiologic findings, and biomarkers, and to develop scoring system by using predictive factors to stratify the probability of TS.

Methods
A retrospective single-center study. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and radiographic findings of patients, confirmed causative pathogens of PS or TS, were assessed for independent factors that associated with TS. The coefficients and odds ratio (OR) of the final model were estimated and used to construct the scoring scheme to identify patients with TS.

Results
There were 73 patients (51.8%) with TS and 68 patients (48.2%) with PS. TS was more frequently associated with younger age, history of tuberculous infection, longer duration of symptoms, no fever, thoracic spine involvement, ≥3 vertebrae involvement, presence of paraspinal abscess in magnetic-resonance-image (MRI), well-defined thin wall abscess, anterior subligamentous abscess, and lower biomarker levels included white blood cell (WBC) counts, erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate (ESR), neutrophil fraction, and C-reactive protein (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant predictors of TS included WBC ≤9,700/mm3 (odds ratio [OR] 13.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.23–40.61), neutrophil fraction ≤78% (OR 4.93, 95% CI 1.59–15.30), ESR ≤92 mm/hr (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.24–13.36) and presence of paraspinal abscess in MRI (OR 10.25, 95% CI 3.17–33.13), with an area under the curve of 0.921. The scoring system stratified the probability of TS into three categories: low, moderate, and high with a TS prevalence of 8.1%, 29.6%, and 82.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
This prediction model incorporating WBC, neutrophil fraction counts, ESR and presence of paraspinal abscess accurately predicted the causative pathogens. The scoring scheme with combination of these biomarkers and radiologic features can be useful to differentiate TS from PS.
Examining sociodemographic correlates of opioid use, misuse, and use disorders in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Yeh Hsueh-Han , Peltz-Rauchman Cathryn , Johnson Christine C. , Pawloski Pamala A. , Chesla David , Waring Stephen C. , Stevens Alan B. , Epstein Mara , Joseph Christine , Miller-Matero Lisa R. , Gui Hongsheng , Tang Amy , Boerwinkle Eric , Cicek Mine , Clark Cheryl R. , Cohn Elizabeth , Gebo Kelly , Loperena Roxana , Mayo Kelsey , Mockrin Stephen , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Schully Sheri , Ramirez Andrea H. , Qian Jun , Ahmedani Brian K. 
Published: August 2023

Background
The All of Us Research Program enrolls diverse US participants which provide a unique opportunity to better understand the problem of opioid use. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of opioid use and its association with sociodemographic characteristics from survey data and electronic health record (EHR).

Methods
A total of 214,206 participants were included in this study who competed survey modules and shared EHR data. Adjusted logistic regressions were used to explore the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and opioid use.

Results
The lifetime prevalence of street opioids was 4%, and the nonmedical use of prescription opioids was 9%. Men had higher odds of lifetime opioid use (aOR: 1.4 to 3.1) but reduced odds of current nonmedical use of prescription opioids (aOR: 0.6). Participants from other racial and ethnic groups were at reduced odds of lifetime use (aOR: 0.2 to 0.9) but increased odds of current use (aOR: 1.9 to 9.9) compared with non-Hispanic White participants. Foreign-born participants were at reduced risks of opioid use and diagnosed with opioid use disorders (OUD) compared with US-born participants (aOR: 0.36 to 0.67). Men, Younger, White, and US-born participants are more likely to have OUD.

Conclusions
All of Us research data can be used as an indicator of national trends for monitoring the prevalence of receiving prescription opioids, diagnosis of OUD, and non-medical use of opioids in the US. The program employs a longitudinal design for routinely collecting health-related data including EHR data, that will contribute to the literature by providing important clinical information related to opioids over time. Additionally, this data will enhance the estimates of the prevalence of OUD among diverse populations, including groups that are underrepresented in the national survey data.
Echocardiographic determination of right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: Validation of a truncated cone and rhomboid pyramid formula
Authors: Al Ateah Ghazi , Kirschfink Annemarie , Frick Michael , Almalla Mohammad , Becker Michael , Cornelissen Christian , Hoffmann Rainer , Marx Nikolaus , Altiok Ertunc 
Published: August 2023

Background
Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular (RV) measurements may be challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a formula for calculation of RV volumes and function based on measurements of linear dimensions by 2-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in comparison to cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods
129 consecutive patients with standard TTE and RV analysis by CMR were included. A formula based on the geometric assumptions of a truncated cone minus a truncated rhomboid pyramid was developed for calculations of RV end-diastolic volume (EDV) and RV end-systolic volume (ESV) by using the basal diameter of the RV (Dd and Ds) and the baso-apical length (Ld and Ls) in apical 4-chamber TTE views: RV EDV = 1.21 * Dd2 * Ld, and RV ESV = 1.21 * Ds2 * Ls.

Results
Calculations of RV EDV (ΔRV EDV = 10.2±26.4 ml to CMR, r = 0.889), RV ESV (ΔRV ESV = 4.5±18.4 ml to CMR, r = 0.921) and RV EF (ΔRV EF = 0.5±4.0% to CMR, r = 0.905) with the cone-pyramid formula (CPF) highly agreed with CMR. Impaired RV function on CMR (n = 52) was identified with a trend to higher accuracy by CPF than by conventional echocardiographic parameters (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and fractional area change (FAC)).

Conclusion
Calculations of RV volumes and RV function by 2D TTE with the newly developed CPF were in high concordance to measurements by CMR. Accuracy for detection of patients with reduced RV function were higher by the proposed 2D TTE CPF method than by conventional echocardiographic parameters of TAPSE and RV FAC.
MIRIKIZUMAB-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTOME CHANGES IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENT BIOPSIES AT WEEK 12 ARE MAINTAINED THROUGH WEEK 52
Authors: Johnson Travis , Steere Boyd , Zhang Pengyue , Zang Yong , Higgs Richard , Milch Catherine , Reinisch Walter , Panés Julian , Huang Kun , D’Haens Geert , Krishnan Venkatesh 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Mirikizumab, an anti-IL-23p19 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated efficacy in phase 2 and 3 randomized clinical trials of patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Previous results have shown that 12 weeks of mirikizumab treatment down-regulated transcripts associated with UC disease activity and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor resistance. We assessed Week-52 gene expression from Week-12 responders receiving mirikizumab or placebo.

Methods:
In the phase 2 AMAC study (NCT02589665), mirikizumab-treated patients achieving Week-12 clinical response were re-randomized to mirikizumab 200 mg subcutaneous every 4 or 12 weeks through Week 52 (N=31). Week-12 placebo responders continued placebo through Week 52 (N=7). The limma R package clustered transcript changes in colonic mucosa biopsies from baseline to Week 12 into differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among DEGs, similarly expressed genes (DEGSEGs) maintaining Week-12 expression through Week 52 were identified.

Results:
Of 89 DEGSEGs, 63 (70.8%) were present only in mirikizumab induction responders, 5 (5.6%) in placebo responders, and 21 (23.6%) in both. Week-12 magnitudes and Week-52 consistency of transcript changes were greater in mirikizumab than in placebo responders (log2FC>1). DEGSEG clusters (from 84 DEGSEGs identified in mirikizumab and mirikizumab/placebo responders) correlated to modified Mayo score (26/84 with Pearson correlation coefficient [PCC]>0.5) and Robarts Histopathology Index (55/84 with PCC>0.5), sustained through Week 52.

Discussion:
Mirikizumab responders had broader, more sustained transcriptional changes of greater magnitudes at Week 52 versus placebo. Mirikizumab responder DEGSEGs suggest a distinct molecular healing pathway associated with mirikizumab IL-23 inhibition. The cluster’s correlation with disease activity illustrates relationships between clinical, endoscopic, and molecular healing in UC.
Nonlinearity of functions over finite fields
Authors: Ryabov Vladimir G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The nonlinearity and additive nonlinearity of a function are defined as the Hamming distances, respectively, to the set of all affine mappings and to the set of all mappings having nontrivial additive translators. On the basis of the revealed relation between the nonlinearities and the Fourier coefficients of the characters of a function, convenient formulas for nonlinearity evaluation for practically important classes of functions over an arbitrary finite field are found. In the case of a field of even characteristic, similar results were obtained for the additive nonlinearity in terms of the autocorrelation coefficients. The formulas obtained made it possible to present specific classes of functions with maximal possible and high nonlinearity and additive nonlinearity.
The limit joint distributions of statistics of three tests of the NIST package
Authors: Savelov Maksim P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For sequences of independent random variables having a Bernoulli distribution the joint distribution and the limit joint distribution of statistics of three tests of the NIST statistical package («Monobit Test», «Frequency Test within a Block», and «Cumulative Sums Test») are obtained. In the case when two blocks are used in «Frequency Test within a Block», pairwise covariance of these statistics is given.
Co-constructing devices in narrative sequences of multilingual preschool children
Authors: Videsott Ruth , Salzmann Katharina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The following paper aims at analysing co-constructing devices used in adult-child narrative interaction both in the first and in the second language. In order to build a “common ground” for communication and comprehension, adult speakers often need to rely on supporting strategies that provide the child with narrative, grammatical and lexical help. When investigating speakers in multilingual settings, these devices become even more crucial. The present study is based on a corpus which contains data from six multilingual children at preschool age from the Ladin valleys in South Tyrol. The analysis outlines both the adults’ devices used to support the child as well as the children’s self-adopted strategies to enable the interaction to be performed. As far as the adult part is concerned, the focus is put on initiating, replying and expanding devices. Children’s devices, instead, are mainly influenced by the multilingual setting they are involved in. In this sense code-mixing and code-switching phenomena emerge as main strategies.
Quality enhancement of spray-dried pumpkin powder by mixing with mulberry leaf and oat bran powders
Authors: Lyu Ying , Chen Qinqin , Gou Min , Liu Gege , Bi Jinfeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To solve the delamination & precipitation phenomena and to improve the quality of the spray-dried pumpkin powder (PP), the effects of adding mulberry leaf powder (MLP) and oat bran powder (OBP) on the PP quality were investigated. Results showed that POBP (PP + OBP, w:w = 2:1) had lower hygroscopicity (≤42.96 %), which was more homogeneous and stickiness after being brewed, effectively alleviating delamination & precipitation phenomena. Besides, PMLP (PP + MLP, w:w = 2:1) had the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, with the values of 96.92 and 90.50 mg/100 g, respectively. PMLP also exhibited about ten times the antioxidant activity of PP. Furthermore, nine regression equations predicted the antioxidant properties of powders based on soluble solid values and bitterness. Overall, this study indicated that the addition of OBP and MLP improved the stability and nutritional quality of PP, respectively.