bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Concern with Truth, Sense, et al.—Androcentric or Anthropocentric?
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In her book Re-visioning Gender in Philosophy of Religion, Pamela Sue Anderson discusses some of my ideas. In particular, she considers my views about a certain kind of philosophical nonsense. She argues that I am not interested in engaging seriously with such nonsense, and that my not being interested in engaging seriously with such nonsense betrays my gender. This essay is a response to Anderson’s discussion. It is argued that she is guilty of certain errors, both exegetical and philosophical. In the course of the argument some issues are raised about what we can aspire to as philosophers. These issues in turn bear on the relation between philosophy and the feminine, between philosophy and the masculine, and between philosophy and the human. Towards the end of the essay it is urged that the third of these relations—the relation between philosophy and the human—is of far greater significance than either of the other two.
From a Point of View
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This essay first appeared as a critical notice of Derek Parfit’s On What Matters, Volume One and Volume Two. Its focus is Parfit’s repudiation in Volume Two of what he calls ‘naturalism’ about normativity. Parfit distinguishes between two versions of such naturalism: ‘analytic’ naturalism, whereby normative claims can be reduced to naturalistic claims; and ‘non-analytic’ naturalism, whereby any fact that can be stated by some normative claim can be stated by some naturalistic claim. Parfit rejects both. This essay mounts a (limited) defence of the latter. Towards the end of the essay it is argued ad hominem that this defence has a deep affinity with claims that Parfit himself makes in other contexts, and that it signals an irreducibly perspectival take that we have on reality, which in turn signals something fundamental about the human condition.
The Elaborate Book
Authors: Johnston Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 examines the first newly proposed category of manuscripts—those with the greatest distance between producers and consumers. Most books in this category have forms of decoration known to have been practised by trained book decorators working in centralized locations. The chapter thus begins with an overview of the art-historical evidence for centralized book decoration, and then examines those books in the corpus that most clearly fit this pattern. From there, discussion turns to books with ambiguous evidence vis-à-vis professional, centralized production, examining issues such as pen-flourished initials and marginal illustrations.
The DIY Book
Authors: Johnston Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the final category of manuscripts: books made by users for their own reading, which I call DIY Books. Evidence for books being copied by their readers can be found in their informal production methods and in provenance evidence suggesting that the scribe lived among the eventual readers of the manuscript. As I demonstrate, both the laity and clergy copied books for their own reading, with numerous examples from The Prick of Conscience, Piers Plowman, and the poetry of John Lydgate. In this chapter, I also examine those manuscripts that, while lacking direct evidence of the scribe’s identity, still present as extremely informal products, suggestive that they were not being made for a commissioner in order to earn a profit.
Skyrme model and related topics
Authors: Yang Yisong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter first revisits the classical Klein-Gordon scalar field theory and presents the Derrick and Pohozaev identities to emphasize the dimensionality constraints in classical field theories, that is, that there are no finite-energy static solutions in spatial dimensions beyond two. It next introduces the Skyrme model and indicates how the dimensionality constraints are lifted as a result of extra nonlinearity and how soliton-like field configurations with topological characterizations arise. Afterwards, it conducts a study of knotted solitons in the Faddeev model and its various high-dimensional extensions. It ends with a discussion on Q-balls with a similar feature that the dimensionality constraints are also lifted.
Strings and branes
Authors: Yang Yisong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a brief introduction to some classical aspects of relativistic strings and branes, including their action principles and equations of motion. The first part of the chapter reviews the relativistic motion of a free point particle. It then generalizes the discussion to consider the Nambu-Goto strings and branes. The following discussion extends the formalism to the context of branes. It then relates the problem to the minimal surface equations through an equivalence theorem of Calabi. The chapter ends by addressing the Polyakov strings and branes and offers a brief description of the concepts of critical spacetime dimensions.
Canonical quantization of fields
Authors: Yang Yisong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins its exploration of field quantization with an illustration of how a harmonic oscillator may be quantized, which motivates and preludes the subsequent discussion on canonical quantization, also known as the second quantization. Then it uses the formalism to quantize the Klein-Gordon and Schrodinger equations. Afterwards, goes on to present the quantization of the Maxwell equations, which establishes the celebrated photoelectric effect through a derivation of the Planck-Einstein relation and Compton-Debye formula. Finally, the chapter concludes with a comparison study of the thermodynamic properties of a harmonic oscillator with respect to its classical and quantum-mechanical descriptions.
A Theory of Military Behavior
Authors: Grewal Sharan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the theory of the book, showing that how militaries were treated under autocracy shapes whether they accept democracy. It first theorizes that dictators have two dominant strategies for coup-proofing their militaries: marginalizing or empowering them. It discusses how dictators choose between these two patterns of civil-military relations during the critical juncture of regime formation, and how their decisions tend to become path-dependent. It then shows how the choice to empower or marginalize the military has important implications for its corporate interests, composition, and professionalism. Those factors then shape the military’s behavior during democratization. Empowered militaries are likely to repress mass uprisings and revolutions, and if that fails, to stage coups against new democracies. Transitions with marginalized militaries, by contrast, have an easier time consolidating, but also come with relatively higher risks of incumbent takeovers and civil wars. Overall, the theory shows how different coup-proofing strategies under autocracy create legacies shaping military behavior under democracy.
Conclusion
Authors: Grewal Sharan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The concluding chapter extends the book in two directions. First, it examines under what conditions democracy might still be possible with an empowered military. It highlights certain structural factors that can facilitate democratization even in these hard cases, and what role the international community can play in preventing military coups. Second, the chapter explores how to discourage militaries from facilitating incumbent takeovers. It examines the lessons learned from the United States during President Donald Trump’s attempted incumbent takeover in 2020–2021, including January 6. The chapter thus outlines a set of policy recommendations to facilitate democratization tailored to the type of threat each democracy faces.
Invisible victims in a commodified world
Authors: Franko Katja , Goyes David R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the pervasive sense of injustice, voicelessness, and re-victimization experienced by victims of drug violence. Using insights from psychology, we identify the longstanding individual and social harms resulting from the victims’ sense of marginalization. We begin the chapter by describing the victim’s search for a voice and for a narrative able to articulate their painful memories and allow them to heal, participate in social memory creation, and commemorate their loved ones with dignity. We present a variety of memorial victim initiatives, including autobiographies, blog entries, lengthy legal proceedings, low-cost documentaries, and oral narratives. We then contrast these attempts to tell stories of victimhood with the layers of silence under which many people directly affected by the violence have buried their stories. For some, talking about the victimizing events is too painful, even after nearly four decades. Other victims have chosen to forget or repress their painful memories and have tried to ‘move on’ with their lives. The chapter explains the magnitude of the impact of narco-shows on victims and Medellín society at large. As Escobar’s ghost continues to haunt the city through numerous commercial practices, the survivors of the violence are left with a sense of a loss of ownership of their story to big media companies, such as Netflix, as well as with a general sense of being silenced and robbed of the possibility of ever forgetting the perpetrator.
‘There are many uncomfortable dynamics in a production’
Authors: Franko Katja , Goyes David R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the salience of gender and race dynamics in shaping the depictions of violence in narco-shows and its contemporary social consequences for Medellín. The chapter explores how current representations of Medellín’s violent past deepen the oppressive intersection of race and gender. We begin by exploring Escobar’s fascination with notorious figures such as Al Capone and his conscious nurturing of a macho image, clearly seen in his lifestyle replete with the exploitation of women and animals. We also show the gendered nature of Medellín’s narco-violence, in which hitmen and their victims were primarily men, while women were reduced to the role of trophy partners for mafia bosses, mourners, and single parents. By drawing on gender, cultural, and racial stereotypes, and gangsterism, particularly in the postcolonial context, narco-shows link violence to cultural identity. In our analysis of Narcos (content and production), we highlight how the show draws on profoundly gendered and racialized stereotypes that not only glorify male brutality but also portray white agents as saviours. Drawing on interviews with creative actors, producers, and assistants involved in the making of the series we describe how sexism, sexual harassment, and unequal power relations between Colombian and foreign participants were also present in the production process. In the final section, we explore how these gendered and racialized cultural representations exacerbate the real-life gender and racial dynamics in Medellín and potentially shape the identities of generations to come.
The quest for recognition
Authors: Franko Katja , Goyes David R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores local strategies of resistance to the global commercial appropriation of Medellín’s history. It describes the dynamics of a campaign launched by the mayor to inspire Medellín to embrace its history and reclaim its memory by challenging the stories imposed by commercial actors. The campaign was most impactful in refurbishing the Museo Casa de la Memoria (House of Memory Museum), the demolition of the Monaco building (one of Escobar’s residences), its efforts to close Casa Museo Pablo Escobar, a museum operated by Escobar’s brother, and in curtailing narco-tours. These initiatives were designed to curb the hyper-visibility commercialism had given to perpetrators, at the expense of the victims. The chapter critically appraises the interplay between the aims of the campaign and the local authorities’ desire for political gain, which further contributes to the feelings of displacement among some victims. The chapter explores how these local attempts to regain control of Medellín’s memory intersected with global narratives about mass atrocities. We show how memory creation in the context of the Holocaust has served as a source of inspiration for the Medellín authorities that, ultimately, remains elusive.
Resolution and Other Crisis Management Tools
Authors: Davis Ronald , Madaus Stephan , Marcucci Monica , Mevorach Irit , Mokal Riz , Romaine Barbara , Sarra Janis , Tirado Ignacio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the broad range of tools that have been developed to help resolve financially distressed financial institutions. It commences with a discussion of bail-outs, the use of public funds to resolve liquidity and solvency issues, suggesting that while use of public funds is likely to be more highly constrained in the future, there is a limited role for bail-out as one of the tools that can be deployed to resolve financial institution insolvency, if appropriate safeguards are in place. The chapter then turns to the many other tools that have become part of the toolbox of financial supervisors and market participants, exploring how different approaches can benefit different financial institutions depending on their size, capitalization, region, market, and jurisdiction. It considers the benefits and challenges of orderly liquidation, bridge financial institutions, sale of business and merger strategies, asset separation tools, bail-out, bail-in, and deposit insurance and policyholder guarantee funds as features of an effective resolution regime. Facilitating the continuation of critical operations despite a bank’s insolvency is key to the protection of depositors, who need to rely on uninterrupted access to their savings and the continued provision of payment services and other services. Similarly, these tools can ensure continued protection of insurance policy holders, avoiding gaps in coverage of life, health, and property insurance during the period an insurance company is insolvent.
Evagrios
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an attempt is made to discuss the way in which philosophical language from predominantly the Platonic tradition found a home in the Christian language of the Byzantine ascetic tradition. Examples discussed include the use of the Platonic tripartite analysis of the soul as a basis for understanding the life of prayer, and the different valences of the word theologia. At the heart of this is an attempt to understand how the word νοῦς and its cognates came to be used for prayer and the human organ of prayer. Νοῦς, generally translated ‘intellect’, connotes knowing, and it is suggested that the fundamental reason for using this term for what it is in the human that prays is that for Evagrios, endorsed by the subsequent Byzantine ascetic tradition, what is fundamental to prayer is that in it God is known, not just supplicated.
Evagrios on Anger
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This essay concerns the late fourth-century ascetic and theologian Evagrios, who spent the latter part of his life in the Egyptian desert. Evagrios analyses the difficulties found in praying by means of the eight logismoi, trains of thoughts that hinder or prevent prayer, temptations inspired by demonic attacks. The worst of these is anger, ὀργή. Drawing on Gabriel Bunge’s analysis of anger, this essay explores the various ways in which anger manifests itself as the worst enemy of the soul in prayer. Most of the logismoi are regarded as distracting, but anger occludes the soul and makes prayer impossible, and even makes the soul itself demonic.
‘Truly Visible Things Are Manifest Images of Invisible Things’
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dionysios the Areopagite became for subsequent Christian thought, both in the Greek East and the Latin West (and also among Armenians and Georgians), determinative for understanding the visible world as disclosing, through visible images, the invisible, spiritual world. The defence of icons by the iconodules—especially John Damascene, but also Theodore the Studite and Nikephoros—contains an appeal to the conceit of the great fourth-century rhetor-preachers of regarding the visual as more immediate, more compelling than mere words, however eloquent. There seems to be a transition from a rhetorical to a visual culture. Dionysios can be seen as playing a fundamental role in this transition: with his characterization of the written text of John’s Gospel as radiance, his emphasis on glory and beauty, his sense of the inadequacy of the conceptual, and his openness to the symbolism of sound and scent, and enthusiasm for the apophatic.
The Holy Spirit in the Theology of St John Damascene
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An Orthodox accusation against Western spirituality of making the Holy Spirit the ‘great absent One’ might seem applicable to the Damascene, for despite his understanding of the Spirit within the Trinity as ‘proceeding from the Father and resting in the Son’, elsewhere he seems reticent in relation to the Spirit. This is largely due to his preoccupation with Christological heresy where the Spirit was not an issue. Nevertheless, in the Expositio Fidei he sets his Christology in the context of the Divine Economy, in which the Spirit is duly mentioned. Furthermore, he makes much of the Spirit’s role in relation to the Mother of God and to the Sacraments: in both cases the Spirit linked with the doctrine of deification, another elusive doctrine in the Damascene. Perhaps the reason for John’s reticence is not lack of interest, or neglect, but something more akin to awesome reserve.
The Eucharist in the Theology of Fr Sergii Bulgakov
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Bulgakov’s doctrine of the Eucharist grew out of his experience of celebrating the Divine Liturgy. Personal testimonies testify to this, as well as the shape of his ‘little trilogy’ and frequent recourse to liturgical material in his writings. ‘The Eucharistic Dogma’ directly addresses the way Christ is present in the Eucharist, and has a polemical tone, directed against transubstantiation: his positive teaching, that the Eucharistic change is Christological rather than cosmological, is concerned more with Christ’s coming than with his mere presence, is more compelling than his negative criticism of Catholic teaching. Another essay, on ‘The Holy Grail’, is concerned with the significance of the physical blood and water—and sweat—shed by Christ on the Cross, which is in some way natural. This essay relates this to our own attempts to make sense of the natural; as a conclusion David Jones’ wrestling with this is invoked as an example.
The Jesus Prayer and the Theology of Deification in Fr Pavel Florensky and Fr Sergii Bulgakov
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The intrinsic connection between the Jesus Prayer and deification is proclaimed by the Philokalia, both on the title page and in the introduction. For both Florensky and Bulgakov this connection is taken for granted. Their reflection on both is informed by the philosophy of language, as it had developed, especially in Russian circles, in the nineteenth century, which had stressed the intrinsic link between word and the meaning of a word. To pronounce the name of Jesus, the name of God, was to invoke his deifying presence. Both Florensky and Bulgakov supported the imiaslavtsy, for whom ‘the Name of God is God’. Another central notion is the heart (the Jesus Prayer is also called the ‘prayer of the heart’): bringing the intellect into the heart through prayer reconstitutes the human, restoring the divine image within it, and demands ascetic struggle.
Is Development of Doctrine a Valid Category for Orthodox Theology?
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Jaroslav Pelikan, in whose honour this lecture was given, and who had by then become Orthodox, subtitled his five-volume history of Christian doctrine, ‘A History of the Development of Doctrine’. And yet the notion is rarely used among Orthodox theologians, and when used it is used negatively. The modern use of the notion, especially in theology, goes back to Newman, for whom it designates something that cannot strictly be deduced from early beliefs (and needs an infallible authority to guarantee its authenticity); it was a product of the Enlightenment and Romanticism, two movements of thought that bypassed Orthodoxy. There are notions in Orthodox theology that could accommodate development, notably sobornost′, but the idea of progress, implicit in Newman’s concept, seems to suggest that we have advanced in theological understanding beyond the Fathers. It seems unlikely that any such notion could be acceptable in Orthodox theology.
Pagans and Christians on Providence
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Beginning by contradicting Dodds’ remark about providence playing a similar role in Neoplatonism to predestination and grace in Christian theology, the essay explores the central role of providence in Greek thought, whether pagan or Christian. The Greek doctrine of providence, πρόνοια, is rooted in Plato’s thought, where it is a key doctrine, problems with which are put down either to the inherent lack of perfection in a changeable cosmos or to human choice. After Plato a distinction is made between providence and fate, which Christian thinkers radicalize: providence being affirmed, fate rejected. Nevertheless, Christian debate over providence and fate is in profound debt to pagan thinkers, even if not acknowledged. A key thinker in Christian reflection on providence is Nemesios of Emesa, whose On Human Nature seems to have been rediscovered by Maximos the Confessor and through John Damascene becomes well known in later Greek thought.
Apostolicity and the Apostle Andrew in the Byzantine Tradition
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the Church nowadays the association of the Apostle Peter with Rome has been matched by an association of Andrew with Constantinople, with delegates being sent to the sister Church on the patronal festival—a recent development. The history of Andrew’s eventual association with Constantinople has been well told by Dvornik. Nevertheless his interpretation is marred by what might be called a ‘Whig’ interpretation of Church history. Peter’s association with Rome is part of its claim to primacy as the sedes apostolica. Andrew’s association with Constantinople is quite different, never used to support its ecclesial authority. Fundamentally the reason was that Rome could make a unique claim to apostolicity in the Latin West, while in the Greek East apostolicity could make no claim to uniqueness; rather Constantinople’s claim rested on its position in the Roman Empire. Behind this difference lie distinct ecclesiologies—and distinct notions of apostolicity.
Bulgakov and Russian Sophiology
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although unquestionably inspired by Solov′ev, Bulgakov’s earliest reflection on sophiology grew out of his early academic profession as an economist. Economic activity—the realm of arts and crafts, ploughing, planting, and reaping, cooking, making clothes, building houses and towns—is continuing the work of divine Sophia, the wisdom of God, and extends to include more developed forms of art. Seen as sophianic, in this way, it avoids the danger of treating nature as there for human use and exploitation, and recapitulates stages in Bulgakov’s own return to his ancestral faith. Wisdom therefore constitutes an ‘in-between’, such as were Plato’s forms: an in-between that expresses God’s presence in the created order. For Bulgakov Sophia, in both its uncreated and created forms, is essential for grasping creation as God’s.