bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broiler farmers preferences for partnership contract attributes in Indonesia: A study using the choice experiment method
Authors: Junaidi Efri , Jamhari  , Masyhuri  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Farmers preferences need to be considered in the preparation of contract design attribute in broiler partnerships for the existence of smallholder broiler farmers’ businesses. This study aimed to explore the preferences of farmers on the attributes of contract in broiler partnerships. This study used the choice experiment method on 180 broiler farmers in Banten Province. The results of this study found that the attributes of a partnership contract that can increase the utility of farmers were the price of live bird, the form of written contract, harvest age of 29-35 days, input quality of grade A for DOC and feed, payment time of one week after harvest and technical assistance from the company core. Furthermore, the willingness to pay (WTP) values were positive to all contract attributes indicated that willingness of farmers to pay additional production costs to participate in broiler partnership contracts. The results of this study imply that the willingness of the core company to include contract design attributes that were in accordance with the preferences of farmers will determine the continuity of implementation on broiler partnership in the long term.
The Role of Farmer Groups In Increasing of Rice Farmers In Lakekun Village, Kobalima Sub-District, Malaka District East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Nalle Mardit N , Asa Maria Lara M , Indrasti Rita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This research aims to analyze farmer groups’ role in increasing income in Lakekun Village, Kobalima Sub-District Malaka District. This research had been conducted in Lakekun Village by using Purposive sampling as a method. The total sampling taken of the group farmers is seventy-six respondents with a sloven formula. The formula of analysis used to answer the role of group farmers in increasing Income is the Chi-Square analysis which there consisted of three categories to answer the role of the farmer’s group as decision-making, as a vehicle for cooperation, and as planning management. The research showed that the role of farmer groups as decision-making media is distributed as the normal value where it has affected an increase of income for farmer groups in Lakekun Village, Kobalima Sub-District whereas farmer groups as a vehicle for cooperation and farmer groups in Planning Management have not been affected by increasing of income of farmer groups.
Mapping community participation in the food estate program of Ria-ria village, Pollung district, Humbang Hasundutan regency, North Sumatra province
Authors: Syahputra OK H , Siburian J D P , Anggraini N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Awareness of the importance of food security is increasing due to the estimated population that is increasing rapidly. This encourages the government to formulate a national food policy. The fulfillment of food security is manifested in the Food Estate program which involves community participation in its management. This study was aimed to analyze the level of community participation in the Food Estate program, determine the factors that influence the level of community participation and determine aspects that need to be improved for the development of community participation in Pollung Ria-Ria Village. Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province. This research used quantitative methods (questionnaires, interviews and observations) and data analysis using a Likert scale. The results showed that the level of community participation in the Food Estate program in the planning, implementation and evaluation categories were quite high. The factors that influence community participation in this program are public doubts about the land that will be used as Food Estate land and the unimplemented andaliman culture and incense cultivation. Aspects that need to be improved in developing community participation in this program are the availability of labor, availability of facilities, mindset, resources and community support.
Treatment Outcomes After Offering Same-Day Initiation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment—How to Interpret Discrepancies Between Different Studies
Authors: Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Brown Jennifer Anne , Sass Nikita , Ford Nathan , Rosen Sydney 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends same-day initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all persons diagnosed with HIV and ready to start treatment. Evidence, mainly from randomized trials, indicates offering same-day ART increases engagement in care and viral suppression during the first year. In contrast, most observational studies using routine data find same-day ART to be associated with lower engagement in care. We argue that this discrepancy is mainly driven by different time points of enrollment, leading to different denominators. While randomized trials enroll individuals when tested positive, most observational studies start at the time point when ART is initiated. Thus, most observational studies omit those who are lost between diagnosis and treatment, thereby introducing a selection bias in the group with delayed ART. This viewpoint article summarizes the available evidence and argues that the benefits of same-day ART outweigh a potential higher risk of attrition from care after ART initiation.
Vegetarian or vegan diets and blood lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Koch Caroline A , Kjeldsen Emilie W , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Due to growing environmental focus, plant-based diets are increasing steadily in popularity. Uncovering the effect on well-established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide, is thus highly relevant. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the effect of vegetarian and vegan diets on blood levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B.

Methods and results
Studies published between 1980 and October 2022 were searched for using PubMed, Embase, and references of previous reviews. Included studies were randomized controlled trials that quantified the effect of vegetarian or vegan diets vs. an omnivorous diet on blood lipids and lipoprotein levels in adults over 18 years. Estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Thirty trials were included in the study. Compared with the omnivorous group, the plant-based diets reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels with mean differences of −0.34 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, −0.44, −0.23; P = 1 × 10−9), −0.30 mmol/L (−0.40, −0.19; P = 4 × 10−8), and −12.92 mg/dL (−22.63, −3.20; P = 0.01), respectively. The effect sizes were similar across age, continent, duration of study, health status, intervention diet, intervention program, and study design. No significant difference was observed for triglyceride levels.

Conclusion
Vegetarian and vegan diets were associated with reduced concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B—effects that were consistent across various study and participant characteristics. Plant-based diets have the potential to lessen the atherosclerotic burden from atherogenic lipoproteins and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
A Bayesian level set method for identifying subsurface geometries and rheological properties in Stokes flow
Authors: Holbach Lukas , Gurnis Michael , Stadler Georg 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
We aim to simultaneously infer the shape of subsurface structures and material properties such as density or viscosity from surface observations. Modelling mantle flow using incompressible instantaneous Stokes equations, the problem is formulated as an infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse problem. Subsurface structures are described as level sets of a smooth auxiliary function, allowing for geometric flexibility. As inverting for subsurface structures from surface observations is inherently challenging, knowledge of plate geometries from seismic images is incorporated into the prior probability distributions. The posterior distribution is approximated using a dimension-robust Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling method, allowing quantification of uncertainties in inferred parameters and shapes. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in two numerical examples with synthetic data. In a model with two higher-density sinkers, their shape and location are inferred with moderate uncertainty, but a trade-off between sinker size and density is found. The uncertainty in the inferred is significantly reduced by combining horizontal surface velocities and normal traction data. For a more realistic subduction problem, we construct tailored level-set priors, representing “seismic” knowledge and infer subducting plate geometry with their uncertainty. A trade-off between thickness and viscosity of the plate in the hinge zone is found, consistent with earlier work.
Resilience of front-line facilities during COVID-19: evidence from cross-sectional rapid surveys in eight low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Peters Michael A , Ahmed Tashrik , Azais Viviane , Amor Fernandez Pablo , Baral Prativa , Drouard Salomé , Neill Rachel , Bachir Kante , Bassounda Poidinguem , Dube Queen , Flora Sabrina , Montufar Edwin , Nzelu Charles , Tassembedo Mahamadi , Sanford Wesseh Chea , Alam Bushra , Rusatira Jean de Dieu , Hashemi Tawab , Karibwami Alain-Desire , Moscosco Virginia , Ogunlayi Munirat , Ortiz de Zunigalo Tania , Ruel-Bergeron Julie , Sieleunou Isidore , Hansen Peter M , Shapira Gil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Responsive primary health-care facilities are the foundation of resilient health systems, yet little is known about facility-level processes that contribute to the continuity of essential services during a crisis. This paper describes the aspects of primary health-care facility resilience to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in eight countries. Rapid-cycle phone surveys were conducted with health facility managers in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Chad, Guatemala, Guinea, Liberia, Malawi and Nigeria between August 2020 and December 2021. Responses were mapped to a validated health facility resilience framework and coded as binary variables for whether a facility demonstrated capacity in eight areas: removing barriers to accessing services, infection control, workforce, surge capacity, financing, critical infrastructure, risk communications, and medical supplies and equipment. These self-reported capacities were summarized nationally and validated with the ministries of health. The analysis of service volume data determined the outcome: maintenance of essential health services. Of primary health-care facilities, 1,453 were surveyed. Facilities maintained between 84% and 97% of the expected outpatient services, except for Bangladesh, where 69% of the expected outpatient consultations were conducted between March 2020 and December 2021. For Burkina Faso, Chad, Guatemala, Guinea and Nigeria, critical infrastructure was the largest constraint in resilience capabilities (47%, 14%, 51%, 9% and 29% of facilities demonstrated capacity, respectively). Medical supplies and equipment were the largest constraints for Liberia and Malawi (15% and 48% of facilities demonstrating capacity, respectively). In Bangladesh, the largest constraint was workforce and staffing, where 44% of facilities experienced moderate to severe challenges with human resources during the pandemic. The largest constraints in facility resilience during COVID-19 were related to health systems building blocks. These challenges likely existed before the pandemic, suggesting the need for strategic investments and reforms in core capacities of comprehensive primary health-care systems to improve resilience to future shocks.
A radiation box domain truncation scheme for the wave equation
Authors: Schweizer B , Schäffner M , Tjandrawidjaja Y 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider the wave equation in an unbounded domain and are interested in domain truncation methods. Our aim is to develop a numerical scheme that allows calculations for truncated waveguide geometries with periodic coefficient functions. The scheme is constructed with radiation boxes that are attached to the artificially introduced boundaries. A Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator $N$ is calculated in these radiation boxes. Efficiency of the scheme is obtained by calculating $N$ not with an iteration, but with a single run through the time interval. We observe speed-up factors of up to $20$ in comparison to calculations without domain truncation.
Assessing the impact of rainwater harvesting infrastructure and gardening trends on microbial indicator organism presence in harvested rainwater and garden soils
Authors: Moses Arthur , Ramírez-Andreotta Mónica D , McLain Jean E T , Cortez Luz Imelda , Kilungo Aminata 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim
To assess the microbial water quality of harvested rainwater infrastructure used to supplement household water uses for homegrown produce.

Methods and Results
Using a co-created community science methodology, between 2017 and 2020, a total of 587 harvested rainwater samples and 147 garden soil samples irrigated with harvested rainwater were collected from four Arizona communities and analyzed for coliform, Escherichia coli, and/or Salmonella. Participants also completed a home description survey regarding their home and surrounding area, water harvesting infrastructure, and gardening habits.

Conclusion
Chi-Square tests revealed that the quality of harvested rainwater is affected by proximity to a waste disposal or incineration facility, animal presence, cistern treatment, and cistern age (P &lt; 0.05), while soil samples were associated with community (P &lt; 0.05). Coliform and E. coli concentrations in both sample types were greater in the monsoon season.
Parameterizing and simulating from causal models
Authors: Evans Robin J , Didelez Vanessa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Many statistical problems in causal inference involve a probability distribution other than the one from which data are actually observed; as an additional complication, the object of interest is often a marginal quantity of this other probability distribution. This creates many practical complications for statistical inference, even where the problem is non-parametrically identified. In particular, it is difficult to perform likelihood-based inference, or even to simulate from the model in a general way. We introduce the ‘frugal parameterization’, which places the causal effect of interest at its centre, and then builds the rest of the model around it. We do this in a way that provides a recipe for constructing a regular, non-redundant parameterization using causal quantities of interest. In the case of discrete variables, we can use odds ratios to complete the parameterization, while in the continuous case copulas are the natural choice; other possibilities are also discussed. Our methods allow us to construct and simulate from models with parametrically specified causal distributions, and fit them using likelihood-based methods, including fully Bayesian approaches. Our proposal includes parameterizations for the average causal effect and effect of treatment on the treated, as well as other causal quantities of interest.
A giant low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) presenting as ileocecal intussusception: a case report
Authors: Liapis Stavros C , Perivoliotis Konstantinos , Psarianos Kyriakos , Chatzinikolaou Charito , Moula Amalia I , Skoufogiannis Pavlos , Balogiannis Ioannis , Lytras Dimitrios 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We report the rare case of a giant low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), presenting as ileocecal intussusception. An 80-year-old woman presented in the emergency department of our institution with progressively worsening diffuse abdominal pain during the last 24 h. A CT scan revealed a giant abdominal mass (98.7 × 127.3 × 107.6 mm) with air-fluid level and imaging characteristics of ileocecal intussusception. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed, and a well-circumscribed cystic mass deriving from the appendix was found. A right hemicolectomy was performed, and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of LAMN. This report aims to raise awareness among surgeons and radiologists, about LAMNs as a differential diagnosis of right iliac fossa masses presenting as acute abdomen.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei and an incidental low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and neuroendocrine appendiceal collision tumour: a case report
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Mirpuri Lavesh , Malik Faizan , Hassan Hussain , Amtul Nasira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Appendiceal collision tumours are extremely rare, with most reported cases describing tumours consisting of a mucinous component and a neuroendocrine component. Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, in some cases, have a tendency to rupture and disseminate their mucin-producing cells throughout the abdominal cavity, leading to a clinical syndrome known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). We present the case of a 64-year-old male who initially presented with acute appendicitis and was subsequently found to have PMP and appendiceal malignancy. After several years of scans, surgical intervention and histological analysis, it became apparent that the appendiceal malignancy was comprised of distinct cell types. The patient underwent two rounds of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, which resulted in a 2-year disease-free period. Unfortunately, the PMP recurred, having morphological changes consistent with a more aggressive disease process.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from a mature ovarian teratoma coexisting with stromal luteoma: the first case report in the literature
Authors: Al-janabi Moatasem H , Khaddour Tariq , Salloum Rabab 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mature cystic teratomas are the most common ovarian tumors in women of reproductive age. The malignant transformation of mature cystic teratomas is a rare entity. The most common malignant tumor in mature cystic teratomas is squamous cell carcinoma, whereas papillary thyroid carcinoma is an exceptional event. On the other hand, stromal luteoma is an uncommon benign steroid cell tumor of the ovary that occurs mostly in postmenopausal females. The coexistence of different ovarian tumor subtypes is an extremely rare pathological event. In this report, we describe a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratomas coexisting with stromal luteoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in English literature. Both mature cystic teratoma (with papillary thyroid carcinoma) and stromal luteoma are very rare entities. Pathologists should be aware of malignant transformation and exclude it when investigating mature cystic teratomas, especially in older patients.
Atovaquone and Proguanil Hydrochloride for Treatment of Malaria
Authors: Kremsner Peter G. , Looareesuwan Somchai , Chulay Jeffrey D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Safe and effective new drugs are needed for treatment of malaria. Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride is a new antimalarial combination that has recently become available in many countries.
Methods: Data from clinical trials evaluating atovaquone/proguanil for treatment of malaria were reviewed.
Results: In 10 open-label clinical trials, treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria with 1000 mg atovaquone and 400 mg proguanil hydrochloride (or the equivalent based on body weight in patients &lt;40 kg) once daily for 3 days achieved cure in 514 of 521 (99%) evaluable patients. Treatment-limiting adverse events occurred in &lt; 1 % of patients (vomiting in four, anaphylaxis in one). Atovaquone/proguanil has been used to provide radical cure of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections prior to initiation of placebo-controlled trials of malaria prophylaxis. Recurrent parasitemia occurred within 28 days in 0 of 99 subjects who subsequently received prophylaxis with atovaquone/proguanil and 1 of 81 subjects who subsequently received placebo. Atovaquone/proguanil is also effective for treatment of malaria caused by the other three Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans. For treatment of vivax malaria, therapy with primaquine in addition to atovaquone/proguanil is needed 1o prevent relapse from latent hepatic hypnozoites.
Conclusion:Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride is a safe and effective combination for treatment of malaria.
Quantitation of Mycoplasma genitalium using droplet digital PCR
Authors: Peh Cheng Rui , Danielewski Jennifer , Chua Teck Phui , Bodiyabadu Kaveesha , Machalek Dorothy A , Garland Suzanne M , Bradshaw Catriona S , Murray Gerald L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted infection with increasing concerns around antimicrobial resistance. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a rapid quantification method with high precision that may be useful for absolute quantitation of bacteria in samples. This study aimed to develop a ddPCR assay for the quantification of M. genitalium. ddPCR targeting the gene mgpB was established and analysed using the QX100 ddPCR system. The assay was evaluated against quantitated DNA standards, and then in comparison to an established quantitative PCR performed on the Lightcycler 480 II. DNA template of increasing complexity was used, including synthetic double stranded DNA, DNA extracts from laboratory-cultured M. genitalium strains (n = 17) and DNA from M. genitalium-positive clinical samples (n = 21). There was a strong correlation between ddPCR concentration estimates and measured DNA standards (r2 = 0.997), and between ddPCR and qPCR quantitation for different templates (r2 ranging from 0.953 to 0.997). ddPCR reliably detected template in a range from &lt;10 copies per reaction to &gt;104 copies per reaction and demonstrated linearity over dilution series. Concentration estimates by ddPCR were reproducibly less than those determine by qPCR. ddPCR demonstrated precise and reproducible quantitation of M. genitalium with a variety of templates.
Apologies Matter
Authors: Lemma Alessandra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores what constitutes an ethical response ‘when things go wrong’. The Duty of Candour is discussed along with the intrapsychic and interpersonal functions of making an apology, drawing on the philosophical literature to tease out the constituent elements of an apology. Emphasis is placed on the importance of approaching errors with humility and recognizing both the moral and clinical value of apologizing when things go wrong. The public’s expectation is that therapists—like any other person involved in the helping professions—will always behave ethically. When there is a breakdown in this expectation, the breach of trust has grave consequences not just for the patient but also for the standing of the profession.