bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Clinical Trial Estimands: A Practical Guide for Study Teams with Examples Based on a Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Polverejan Elena , O'Kelly Michael , Hefting Pharm MSc Nanco , Norton Jonathan D. , Lim Pilar , Walton  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While the ICH E9(R1) Addendum on “Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials” was released in 2019, the widespread implementation of defining and reporting estimands across all clinical trials is still in progress and the engagement of non-statistical functions in this process is still to be fully experienced. Case studies are sought after, especially those with documented clinical and regulatory feedback. This paper describes an interdisciplinary process for implementing the estimand framework, devised by the Estimands and Missing Data Working Group (a group with clinical, statistical, and regulatory representation) of the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology. This process is illustrated by specific examples using various types of hypothetical trials evaluating a treatment for major depressive disorder. Each of the estimand examples follows the same template and features all steps of the proposed process, including identifying the trial stakeholder(s), the decisions they need to make and the questions that would support their decision making. Each of the five strategies for addressing intercurrent events are addressed in at least one example; the featured endpoints are also diverse, including continuous, binary and time to event. Several examples are presented that include specifications for a potential trial design, key trial implementation elements needed to address the estimand, and main and sensitivity estimator specifications. Ultimately this paper highlights the need to incorporate multi-disciplinary collaborations into implementing the ICH E9(R1) framework.
A new type of neutrosophic set in Pythagorean fuzzy environment and applications to multi-criteria decision making
Authors: Bozyiğit Mahmut Can , Olgun Murat , Ünver Mehmet 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the concepts of Pythagorean fuzzy valued neutrosophic set (PFVNS) and Pythagorean fuzzy valued neutrosophic (PFVNV) constructed by considering Pythagorean fuzzy values (PFVs) instead of numbers for the degrees of the truth, the indeterminacyand the falsity, which is a new extension of intuitionistic fuzzy valued neutrosophic set (IFVNS). By means of PFVNSs, the degrees of the truth, the indeterminacy and the falsity can be given in Pythagorean fuzzy environment and more sensitive evaluations are made by a decision maker in decision making problems compared to IFVNSs. In other words, such sets enable a decision maker toevaluate the degrees of the truth, the indeterminacy and the falsity as PFVs to model the uncertainty in the evaluations. First of all, we propose the concepts of Pythagorean fuzzy t-norm and t-conorm and show that some Pythagorean fuzzy t-norms and t-conorms are expressed via ordinary continuous Archimedean t-norms and t-conorms. Then we define the concepts of PFVNS and PFVNV and provide a tool to construct a PFVNV from an ordinary neutrosophic fuzzy value. We also define some set theoretic operations between PFVNSs and some algebraic operations between PFVNVs via t-norms and t-conorms. With the help of these algebraic operations we propose some weighted aggregation operators. To measure discrimination information of PFVNVs, we define a simplified neutrosophic valued modified fuzzy cross-entropy measure. Moreover, we introduce a multi-criteria decision making method in Pythagorean fuzzy valued neutrosophic environment and practice the proposed theory to a real life multi-criteria decision making problem. Finally, we study the comparison analysis and the time complexity of the proposed method.
Ischemic Stroke in a COVID-19-Infected Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bereda Gudisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a recognized neurological consequence of acute COVID-19 infection. A 61-year-old black African farmer with right-sided weakness was sent to the emergency hospital on September 19, 2022, within three hours of the onset of the impairment. He suffered a serious accident while working in the rural region fifteen years prior. Generalized body weakness, including weakness in the right upper and lower extremities while he was moving around, left facial paralysis, an inability to walk without assistance, difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking, a two-day fever, a headache, and shortness of breath were all reasons why the patient was brought into the emergency room. An X-ray of the chest was taken, and it revealed scattered reticulations, coarse, somewhat bilateral crepitation, and diffuse bilateral infiltrates. The patient's cardiovascular checkup revealed nothing unusual. According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, the eye opening reaction was 1/4, the motor response was 3/6 (abnormal flexion), and the verbal response was 3/5 (inappropriate words). He started having trouble breathing and needed five intranasal doses of oxygen per minute to stay saturated. He began taking 81 mg of low-dose aspirin every day for a month. For ten days, he took 75 mg of clopidogrel orally once every day.
Bisimulations for weighted finite automata over semirings
Authors: Ćirić Miroslav 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Simulation and bisimulation relations are powerful tools used in many areas of computer science to match moves and compare the behaviour of various computational systems, such as labelled transition systems and automata, as well as to reduce the number of states of these systems. By moving from traditional boolean systems to quantitative ones, a need arise for both simulations and bisimulations to be quantitative, to be modeled with matrices whose entries should provide some quantitative measure of the relationship between the states of the considered systems. In the present paper, we introduce several types of quantitative simulations and bisimulations for weighted finite automata over semirings. For weighted finite automata over positive semirings two tipes of simulations and two types of bisimulations are defined as solutions to particular systems of matrix inequations, while for weighted finite automata over arbitrary semirings four types of bisimulations are defined as solutions to particular systems of matrix equations. Both types of simulations are proven to ensure the containment, while all types of bisimulations are proven to ensure the equivalence of weighted finite automata. Certain general properties of simulations and bisimulations are also proved.
Existing wetland conservation programs miss nutrient reduction targets
Authors: Zuidema Shan , Wollheim Wilfred , Kucharik Christopher , Lammers Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Increasing coastal hypoxia results largely from riverine export of excess nutrients used for fertilization of row crops1–4 and has the potential to fundamentally change marine habitats over the next millennium5. Nutrient-rich runoff from agricultural lands in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin must decline by half to begin reducing hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico6,7. Nutrient mitigation measures should target hot-spots of excess fertilizer application or manure production8,9 and numerous studies10–15 identify wetland restoration as capable of achieving these targets. Here, process-based physical modeling evaluated the efficacy of existing wetland conservation programs to reduce nutrient export to the Gulf of Mexico. We show that full adoption of two programs meet 10% to 60% of nutrient reduction targets for agriculture, lower reductions than prior estimates16,17 due primarily to refined estimates of subsurface storage and geographic disconnect between restorable lands18 and heavily fertilized croplands. Daily model resolution captured the seasonal and stormflow dynamics inhibiting wetland nutrient removal due to peak wetland effectiveness being asynchronous with nutrient inputs19. Considering these limitations, and large legacy pools of nitrate in groundwater20,21, efforts should balance measures that limit new inputs and maximize treatment across all hydrologic flowpaths from field margins, through groundwater, and ultimately to rivers.
Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol removal in drinking water treatment
Authors: Cerón-Vivas Alexandra , Villamizar León Maryory Patricia , Cajigas Álvaro Andrés 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are metabolites derived from cyanobacteria which produce taste and odor problems in drinking water treatment plants. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment are ineffective for the removal of 2-MIB/GSM. In this study, GSM and 2-MIB doses were applied to the raw water samples. Three powdered activated carbons (PAC), coconut shell, wood, and bituminous, and two oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate, were evaluated. In addition, all the tests were made with and without flocculation aid (polyacrylamide). All the PACs evaluated showed better GSM and 2-MIB removals when conventional treatment was carried out with the addition of polyacrylamide as a flocculation aid. However, concentrations below the odor threshold were not reached. Regarding the oxidants, hydrogen peroxide presented the highest efficiency in eliminating GSM and 2-MIB when there is no presence of polyacrylamide.
Development of a soil wetting pattern estimation model for drip irrigation
Authors: Li Yuchen , Nie Wei-Bo , Feng Zheng-Jiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Accurately estimating the soil wetting pattern that closely reflects the measured value can improve the water use efficiency for drip irrigation. Ignoring the effect of the initial soil water content on the soil wetting pattern affects the accuracy of the estimated results to a certain extent. This research aimed to develop a soil wetting pattern estimation model for drip irrigation that included four easily measurable parameters (i.e., initial soil water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, total volume of applied water, and emitter discharge rate) based on dimensional analysis theory. In this study, the wetting front advance data of 12 typical soil textures were obtained in Hydrus-2D/3D. The estimated values were then compared with measured or simulated wetting front advance values. For different experiments, the mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean relative error varied from 2.77 to 4.69 cm, 6.20 to 10.61 cm, and 5.61% to 10.51%, respectively. Compared with the existing models, the proposed model was more consistent between the measured and simulated values. Therefore, the proposed model of this study is efficient and simple, which can help accurately estimate the soil wetting pattern of drip irrigation with a variety of soil textures.
Physico-Chemical and microbiological analysis of the loopspruit river, north west province: A metagenomic approach
Authors: Bredenhann Lohan , La Grange Daniel , Bezuidenhout Carlos , Molale-Tom Lesego 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Water quality affected by polluted surface runoff from agricultural settings, storm-water as well as sewage from urban locations, and mining in the North West Province are reasons for concern. Similar situations may exist in areas elsewhere that have similar water issues and impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Loopspruit River by analysing the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the water. Bacterial diversity was the highest in less polluted areas of the Loopspruit River. Dominating at all the sites tested were Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Predicted metagenome analysis revealed a correlation between the physico-chemical parameters and observed taxonomic units (OTU). Temperature had a negative correlation with Patescibacteria, Nanoarchaeaeota and Firmicutes (p &lt; 0.05). The negative correlation was strongest with Patescibacteria. Sulphate had a strong correlation with Fusobacteria (p &lt; 0.05). There were was also evidence of faecal and agricultural pollution. Analysing and visually representing the water quality of the Loopspruit River demonstrated the value of combining physico-chemical, microbiology and geospatial data for an overview of understanding the potential environmental health risks. Such data could potentially be used for management strategies.
Research Progress of Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Liu Xu , Yuan Mingqing , Li Lili , Zhang Jiajia , Huang Xiaoyue , Du Jingguo , Tu Zhiqiang , Wu Haotian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Currently, many therapeutic drugs are difficult to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making it difficult to reach the site of action and thus fail to achieve the desired efficacy. In recent years, researchers and drug designers have increasingly focused on nanotechnology to break through the difficulty of small molecule inhibitors to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improve the success rate of drug delivery to the central nervous system. Among the common central neurological diseases, such as encephalitis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease has attracted much attention from researchers. Alzheimer's disease is a specific neurodegenerative disease, which causes irreversible degeneration of neurons as well as synapses in the brain, resulting in memory and cognitive dysfunction, along with other psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders, which seriously affects people's everyday life. Moreover, nanotechnology has excellent potential for application in AD treatment. Studies have shown that nanocarriers can target the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, antioxidants, and other therapeutic substances to brain tissue using existing physiological mechanisms, thus effectively alleviating the disease progression of AD. Therefore, various nanoparticles and nanomedicines have been developed and constructed for diagnosing and treating AD in the past decades, such as nanoparticles, bionanoparticles, liposomes, nano-gel, dendrimers, and self-assembled nanoparticles. This study aims to review the applications and results of nanotechnology in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in recent years and provide some ideas and clues for future research and development of more effective drug delivery systems.
Nuclear Medicine Application of Pentixafor/Pentixather Targeting CXCR4
for Imaging and Therapy in Related Disease
Authors: Chen Zhenying , Xue Qianqian , Yao Shaobo 
Published: December 2022

:
C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a novel predictive biomarker for metastasis
and poor prognosis in individuals with malignancies. CXCL12 is the only cognate ligand of CXCR4.
CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathways are involved in the cross-talk among cancer cells, T cells, stromal
cells, and their microenvironments, including the regulation and direction of T cell migration
(chemotaxis), proliferation, and differentiation of immature progenitor stem cells. As CXCR4 overexpression
is related to tumor prognosis, it is essential to quantitatively evaluate CXCR4 expression
levels in vivo.

:
68Ga-Pentixafor, as a radiolabeled tracer, shows high specificity and affinity for CXCR4 in tumors.
Thus, CXCR4-directed imaging with 68Ga-Pentixafor has been investigated to evaluate CXCR4 expression
in patients non-invasively. In recent years, many small cohorts, including those of individuals
with hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and cardiovascular and infectious diseases, have been
reported. So far, 68Ga-Pentixafor has been used successfully in individuals with hematologic malignancies.
In addition, Lutetium-177 (177Lu) or Yttrium-90 (90Y)-labeled Pentixather (an analog of
Pentixafor) suggested high potential applicability in tumor endoradiotherapy (ERT) with CXCR4
overexpression. Patients with advanced-stage multiple myeloma, refractory acute leukemia, and diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma received a certain amount of 177Lu-Pentixather or 90Y-Pentixather. This
review aimed to overview the current CXCR4-directed positron emission computed tomography
(PET) molecular imaging based on Pentixafor in several diseases and ERT.
Association between Renal Function and Individual and Combined
Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly People in Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Gleyson Moura , de Oliveira Costa Nunes Ivone Freires , de Oliveira Francisco Erasmo , Nogueira Thaís Rodrigues , de Lima Sousa Paulo Víctor , Silva Primo Maísa Guimarães , da Paz Suzana Maria Rebêlo Sampaio , de Carvalho Cecilia Maria Resende Gonçalves 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Current literature highlights that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public
health problem and that metabolic syndrome (MS) is a potential risk factor, especially among
the elderly population, since aging seems to create metabolic disorders such as hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia,
and glycemic decompensation. Despite this, some mechanisms/events of the
relationship between kidney damage and MS remain controversial.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the association of compromised glomerular
filtration rate with metabolic syndrome and its components in a population of Brazilian
elderly.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Northeast Brazil with 273 elderly men and
women aged between 60 and 93 years. Clinical, sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle
data, as well as biochemical, blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate variables, were evaluated.
Data were analyzed using Stata® (Statacorp, College Station, Texas, USA), version 14,
adopting a significance level of p<0.05. The research has ethical approval (no. 2,216,538).

Results:
There was a significant difference between impaired renal function and adequate values
of WC (p = 0.044), triglycerides (p = 0.018), LDL-c (p = 0.015), and the presence of more than
three components of MS (p = 0.036). High values of triglycerides (PR 1.48; p = 0.025) and LDLc
(PR 1.44; p = 0.017) and presence of more than three components of MS (PR 1.45; p = 0.023)
increase the chance of kidney damage.

Conclusion:
The presence of individual and combined components of MS (high triglycerides,
cholesterol and LDL-c, and low HDL-c) promotes the impairment of renal function among the
elderly studied. It is noteworthy that MS does not represent a significant independent factor to
generate losses to GFR.
MQTT Implementations, Open Issues, and Challenges: A Detailed Comparison and Survey
Authors: P.S. Akshatha , Dilip Kumar S.M. , K.R. Venugopal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:MQTT is an open standard protocol promoted by OASIS and ISO, which allows devices to transport messages using the publish/subscribe model. MQTT is more prevalent than other application layer protocols of the Internet of Things (IoT) due to its lightweight nature, low bandwidth usage, application demand, etc. It is easy and straightforward to use the protocol, making it optimal for communication in resource-constrained situations such as machine-to-machine (M2M), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and in IoT circumstances in which the actuator and sensor nodes connect with applications through the MQTT message broker. A few review papers on MQTT protocol are available in the literature that focuses on broker details, comparison of IoT protocols, and limitations. In this paper, an overview of MQTT, existing survey work on MQTT, publication statistics, MQTT protocol performance evaluation, applications of MQTT, security issues of MQTT, comparison between MQTT and MQTT-SN, tools available or MQTT and available MQTT brokers to provide service are discussed. Graphs and comparison tables are presented to show the outcomes of the application and performance evaluation. The scope of this review paper is also to contribute a novel taxonomy of application layer protocols, their merits and demerits, correlation of MQTT with other application layer protocols, existing works of MQTT protocol to improve reliability, efficiency, security, issues, and challenges in MQTT, as well as future directions of MQTT.
Desain dan Implementasi Rectenna Hexagonal Patch Array Pada Frekuensi 2,4 GHz
Authors: Kusumo Herma Nugroho rono adi , Pramono Sholeh Hadi , Yudaningtyas Erni 
Published: December 2022

Abstrakâ€“ Penelitian rectenna yang dilakukan terdiri atas dua bagian yaitu antena yang berbentuk hexagonal array dan rectifier. Rectenna hexagonal array ini didesain agar bisa menangkap gelombang radio (RF) pada frekuensi 2,4 GHz yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Perancangan dilakukan menggunakan software CST Microwave studio, kemudian dilakukan fabrikasi dan pengukuran secara riil. Parameter pengujian rectenna hexagonal patch array meliputi return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), gain, bandwidth, pola radiasi dan efisiensi daya. Metode yang digunakan untuk desain dan analisis yaitu pemodelan transmission line dan corporate feed line untuk pengaturan perubahan jarak antar patch antena. Perubahan variabel juga diteliti pengaruhnya terhadap parameter antena khususnya daya terima antena yang kemudian ditransmisikan ke rangkaian rectifier. Nilai parameter hasil simulasi menunjukkan nilai return loss adalah -33, 38 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,041, gain sebesar 8,81 dBi, bandwidth adalah 0,084 GHz, daya sebesar 0,5 W sedangkan hasil pengukuran dari fabrikasi, return loss sebesar -33,21 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,048, gain sebesar 5 dBi, bandwidth sebesar 0,145 GHz.Â Kata Kunciâ€”Rectenna, Patch, Array, Corporate Feed Line, VSWR