bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis de la morosidad en las instituciones microfinancieras (IMF) en el ~ e r
Authors: Aguilar Andía Giovanna , Camargo Gonzalo 
Published: March 2023

El objetivo general de esta investigación es identificar las variables que afectan la morosidad de las instituciones rnicrofinancieras (IMF) peruanas. Se propone identifi- car la importancia relativa de tres tipos de variables. En primer lugar, variables de carácter agregado o macroeconómico que están ligadas al nivel de actividad de la economía peruana en su conjunto (PBI, inflación, etcétera). En segundo lugar, varia- bles microeconómicas relacionadas con la gestión de las IMF (política de créditos, tecnología crediticia, sistemas de incentivos para su personal, etcétera). Y finalmente, variables relacionadas con las dinámicas locales de los mercados donde las IMF realizan sus operaciones (PBI regional o departamental, dinámica de plaza financiera local, estructura de la actividad productiva local, etcétera). Se estima un modelo de datos de panel dinámico con información mensual para el periodo 1998- 2001, y para 35 IMF, y se usa la técnica del método generalizado de los momentos.
Estimación de la curva de rendimiento cupón cero para el Perú y su uso para el análisis monetario
Authors: Pereda C. Javier 
Published: March 2023

En el presente documento se estiman dos modelos para la curva de rendimiento en soles para el Perú, el modelo de Nelson y Siegel (1987) y el modelo de Svensson (1994). Se compara el desempeño de ambos modelos en términos de ajuste, flexibilidad y estabilidad de sus parámetros, y se evalúan funciones objetivo de estimación alternativas. El modelo de Svensson tiene el mejor ajuste, sin embargo, es más inestable cuando no se dispone de datos suficientes para los diferentes plazos de la curva de rendimiento —por la ausencia de emisiones o de precios cuando la negociación en el mercado secundario es incipiente— en cuyo caso es preferible el uso del modelo de Nelson y Siegel. En la parte final se muestra el uso de las curvas de rendimiento cupón cero estimadas como fuente de información de los bancos centrales sobre las expectativas del mercado para la evolución futura de la tasa interbancaria.
Condiciones de competencia en el mercado de gas natural de la República Argentina: 1990-2008
Authors: Petrecolla Diego , Martínez María Fernanda 
Published: March 2023

El presente trabajo analiza las condiciones de competencia en el mercado de gas natural en la República Argentina desde inicios de la década de 1990, época en la que el sector se privatizó, hasta el presente1. Las reformas implementadas a principios de los años noventa intentaron promover la eficiencia económica. Para ello se privatizaron activos, se desreguló el mercado y se fomentó el funcionamiento de la libre competencia. A la luz del tiempo transcurrido y considerando la relevancia de las medidas implementadas, este trabajo analiza los alcances de estas políticas y sus efectos en las condiciones de competencia en el mercado de gas natural. Los indicadores de concentración estimados en este trabajo indican que la concentración en este mercado, tanto a nivel nacional como en las distintas cuencas, es alta y no ha disminuido con el tiempo. A estos resultados debe adicionarse el hecho de que el mercado de gas natural presenta altos costos de inversión y que estos ofician como «barrera a la entrada» al ingreso de nuevas empresas y limitan de este modo el grado de «desafiabilidad» del mercado. En definitiva, las condiciones de competencia en el mercado de gas natural de la Argentina son bastante pobres y se condicen más bien con las de un mercado oligopólico. Este resultado obliga a las autoridades de competencia y al regulador sectorial a mantener una mirada atenta a lo que sucede en este mercado porque el mismo ha probado ser menos competitivo que lo que se esperaba al momento de su privatización.
Ezequiel Rojas: entre utilitarismo e ideología
Authors: Hurtado Jimena 
Published: March 2023

La economía política jugó un papel importante en la construcción de la nueva República de Colombia en cabeza de Ezequiel Rojas. En busca de elementos teóricos y prácticos para organizar una nueva sociedad de individuos libres y destinados a la felicidad, Rojas buscó en la economía política inspiración. Sin embargo, no era la economía política clásica la que Rojas difundía en sus enseñanzas. Rojas construyó su propia propuesta a partir de tradiciones e influencias menos usuales: el utilitarismo y la ideología. En este texto pretendo reconstruir esa propuesta, mostrando sus tensiones y contradicciones y la manera como Rojas intentó conciliarse recurriendo a la religión.
Entre liberalismo y nacionalismo en México. El pensamiento económico de José Yves Limantour (1892-1911)
Authors: Quintanar Zárate Iliana Marcela 
Published: March 2023

El objetivo del presente ensayo es conocer los principios del pensamiento económico de José Yves Limantour así como sus modificaciones para dar cuenta del proceso de transformación del liberalismo económico que como se verá, tendió más hacia el intervencionismo estatal, el cual dicho sea de paso puede ser considerado como la base del nacionalismo económico desplegado por los gobiernos posrevolucionarios. De ahí pues que el estudio de Limantour y su pensamiento económico pretenda dar cuenta del proceso de transformación del Estado liberal mexicano en la última década del siglo XIX y primera del XX. El trabajo se encuentra dividido en dos apartados, en el primero se estudiarán las características generales del Estado liberal y sus transformaciones desde los años cincuenta del siglo XIX hasta la primera década del siglo XX. En el segundo se analizarán los principales ámbitos de la economía mexicana donde Limantour incurrió en una mayor regulación e intervención.
4D Seismic Used Effectively in Subsurface CO2 Plume Monitoring
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: March 2023

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 206162, “4D Seismic in Subsurface CO2 Plume Monitoring: Why It Matters,” by Pankaj K. Tiwari, SPE, Debasis P. Das, and Parimal A. Patil, SPE, Petronas, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in depleted carbonate reservoirs requires the incorporation of comprehensive and innovative monitoring technologies. 4D time-lapse seismic is necessary for monitoring, measurement, and verification (MMV) planning to demonstrate the migration of CO2 plumes within geological storage. An adaptive, site-specific MMV plan for monitoring CO2 plumes is critical to minimize possible subsurface and project-integrity risks. In the complete paper, the authors explore the migration of CO2 plumes within depleted carbonate reservoirs and the expected effects of CO2 saturation and pressure buildups during injection on time-lapse 4D seismic for conformance monitoring.

Integrated Reservoir Dynamic Simulation
In the current study, a depleted carbonate reservoir gas field was identified for near-future CO2 sequestration offshore Sarawak. The storage site has been studied thoroughly for both overburden and reservoir integrity by adopting work flows comprising integration of subsurface integrity analysis, pore-pressure analysis, and subsidence modeling, along with a health check of existing wells. All parameters were cross-correlated. Qualitative risk categorization was performed to determine the robustness of the reservoir for long-term CO2 storage.
Integrated reservoir dynamic simulation was performed by coupling compositional reservoir dynamic/geomechanics/geochemistry 3D models to assess the integrity of the field as a CO2 storage site and to demonstrate the periodic development of CO2 saturation and plumes within the gas-depleted carbonate reservoir. Computation of the cumulative effect of changes occurring in all three models was essential. Changes to reservoir rock properties caused by dissolution and precipitation, as well as compaction during injection, were interpreted by 3D coupled modeling simulation and integrated with seismic modeling.
Apart from storage capacity, results from the coupled modeling study showed that reservoir pressure at the end of the injection period was approximately 400 psia lower than the initial reservoir pressure. Modeling also showed that the entire incoming permeate stream rate could be injected with three injection wells. Fig. 1 shows the CO2 plume migration after 2, 10, and 20 years of injection from all three injectors. Because injection is planned from a predrill liner in the full reservoir column, the CO2 plume migrates upward in a funnel shape around the well first. In the initial years of injection, most of the CO2 migrates laterally in the shallower formation of the reservoir, then migrates downward once the shallower formation of the reservoir section is fully CO2-saturated.
Intrabiliary Ascariasis in a 12 year old child: a case report of an uncommon cause of acute abdomen and obstructive jaundice in children
Authors: abore kibruyisfaw Weldeab , Heye Tigist Bacha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Intrabiliary ascariasis is an uncommon cause of biliary colic and obstructive jaundice among children due to the small size of the ampullary orifice. A high index of suspicion for patients living in an endemic area and radiologic examination are crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Case presentation: a 12 year old male Ethiopian child presented with colicky right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting of 3 days. Physical examination showed slightly icteric sclera and slightly tender hepatomegaly. Laboratory and ultrasound examinations were suggestive of obstructive jaundice secondary to intra-biliary ascariasis. The child was admitted and followed with conservative management including maintenance fluid, nil per mouth, and analgesics. The abdominal pain and icterus resolved on his second and third day of admission respectively. Follow-up ultrasound showed the worm had migrated out of the common bile duct. The patient was dewormed with a single dose of oral Albendazole 400mg and discharged home. Currently, the patient is well and attending school.
Conclusion: Although biliary ascariasis is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen and obstructive jaundice, it should be suspected among patients from endemic areas presenting with suggestive clinical and laboratory features. Conservative treatment is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated biliary ascariasis patients.
Quantification of Woody Biomass Available for Wood Harvesting and Sequestration in the Continental United States – a Top-Down Approach
Authors: Hausmann Henry , Zeng Ning , Qixiang Cai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Wood Harvesting and Sequestration is a form of Carbon Removal and Storage (CRS) that utilizes a combined natural and engineered process to harvest woody biomass and put it into long term sequestration, most frequently in the form of subterranean burial. This paper aims to quantify the availability of woody biomass for the purposes of wood harvesting and sequestration in the continental United States using a top-down approach. Using a regional version of the VEGAS terrestrial carbon cycle model, this paper calculates the annual woody net primary production in the continental United States. It then applies a series of constraints to exclude woody biomass that is unavailable for wood harvesting and sequestration. These constraints include fine woody biomass, current land use, current wood utilization, land conservation, and topographical limitations. These results were then split into state by state and regional totals
Results: In total, the model projects the continental United States could produce 1,274 MtCO2e (CO2 equivalent of woody biomass) worth of coarse woody biomass annually in a scenario with no anthropogenic land use or constraints. In a scenario with anthropogenic land use and constraints on wood availability, the model projects that 415 MtCO2e of coarse woody biomass is available for wood harvesting and sequestration annually. This is enough to offset 8.5% of the United States’ 2020 greenhouse gas emissions. Of this potential, 20 MtCO2e is from the Pacific region, 77 MtCO2e is from the Western Interior, 91 MtCO2e is from the Northeast region, and 228 MtCO2e is from the Southeast region.
Conclusion: There is enough coarse woody biomass available in the continental United States to make wood harvesting and sequestration a viable form of carbon removal and storage in the country. There is coarse woody biomass available all across the continental United States, All four primary regions analyzed have enough coarse woody biomass available to justify investment in wood harvesting and sequestration projects.
Terahertz metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors based on aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Zhou Jianshuo , Ding Li , Xu Lin , Cheng Xiaohan , Pan Zipeng , Li Haitao , Zhu Maguang , Liu Lijun , Shi Huiwen , Peng Lian-Mao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The development of wireless communications is driving the need for compact radiofrequency (RF) devices with up to terahertz (THz) frequency and fabrication processes compatible with that of complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. Aligned carbon nanotube (A-CNT) film is a promising candidate semiconductor that can be used to build both CMOS field-effect transistors (FETs) for digital integrated circuits (ICs) and radiofrequency (RF) transistors with frequencies beyond 1 THz for analogue ICs. Herein, we demonstrate the first MOS FET with a cut-off frequency beyond 1 THz on a high-quality A-CNT array film, and with a carrier mobility of 2,000 cm2 V− 1 s− 1 and better scaling characteristics than all semiconductors, including GaAs and InP. The fabricated CNT MOS FETs present a record performance that includes an on-state current of 3.02 mA µm− 1, a peak transconductance of 2.17 mS µm− 1 at a bias of − 1 V, and a saturation velocity of 3.5 × 107 cm s− 1. Through optimising device structure and fabrication process, in particular the introduction of a Y-gate, a 35 nm-gate length A-CNT MOS FET is fabricated that shows extrinsic current-gain/power-gain and cut-off frequencies of up to 551 GHz/1024 GHz, representing the fastest MOS FET for RF applications. Furthermore, CNT-based mmWave band (30 GHz) RF amplifiers are demonstrated with a high gain of 21.4 dB.
Financial Sector Development and Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis through a PCHVAR specification for the Middle Eastern Region
Authors: Shaheen Rozina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the presence of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis while considering the financial sector variables such as financial innovation, financial inclusion, and financial development on the environmental quality as well as achieving the energy efficiency in the Middle Eastern region. Current research employs a panel conditionally homogenous autoregressive (PCHVAR) specification for the annual dataset covering the time 2001–2021. The estimates reveal that in the short run, economic growth and financial sector variables adversely affect the environment quality by emitting more greenhouse gases whereas in the long run, higher economic growth and developed financial sector help to improve the quality of the environment and energy efficiency. These findings are also verified through the Granger causality test. This research provides insights to establish long term policies for facilitating investments in green technology and energy conservation in the Middle Eastern Region.
The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on parent-child conflict and mental health among children in tertiary mental health care
Authors: Robaey Philippe , Erbach Madison , Watanabe Lori K. , Carreiro Elizabeth R. , Maisonneuve Alexander R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study focused on children treated for mental health problems during the pandemic. We examined how parent’s difficulties in managing COVID-19 restrictions increased children's behavioral problems (internalizing and externalizing) and parent-child conflict through parental mental health and parental stress. Family functioning, particularly problem-solving ability, was tested as a resilience factor. Data were collected using online surveys from 337 parents with a child between the ages of 4 and 18 years who was receiving active outpatient mental health treatment at a pediatric tertiary care center. Parents who reported a greater impact of COVID-19 reported more behavioral difficulties in their children. This relationship was significantly mediated by parental mental health (general stress, anxiety, and depression) and parental stress. Similar indirect pathways were observed when examining internalizing and externalizing problems in children, where the most significant pathway had parental stress as the sole mediator. Furthermore, the effect of COVID-19 impact on parent-child conflict through parental stress was significantly moderated by problem-solving skills within the family. Parental stress mediates the impact of COVID-19 on parent-child conflict. Interventions that improve family problem solving-skills may decrease the effect of parental stress on parent-child conflict.
Training in Retinoscopy: Learning curves using a standardized method
Authors: Estay Antonio M. , Plaza-Rosales Iván , Torres Hernán R. , Cerfogli Fabiola I. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Retinoscopy is one of the most effective objective techniques for evaluating refractive status, especially in non-cooperative patients. However, it presents a slow learning curve that often leads to student frustration. With the current Covid-19 pandemic and the need for social isolation, clinical education based on simulation has become more relevant. Therefore, we implemented retinoscopy laboratories and learning protocols to reduce student stress and learning time.
Methods
We conducted a study to evaluate the retinoscopy learning curve using a new training protocol proposal. One hundred trainees were assessed in four stages, corresponding to 08, 12, 16, and 20 hours of training. Six different refractive defects were used trying to reproduce frequent conditions of care. The time spent on the assessment was not considered as additional training time. To analyze the data, we used non-parametric statistics and linear regression to assess the variables associated with training time and performance rate.
Results
The mean performance score at 08 hrs was 32.49% (±16.69 SD); at 12 hrs was 59.75% (±18.80 SD); at 16 hrs was 70.83% (±18.53 SD) and at 20 hrs was 84.26% (±13.18 SD). Performance at 12 hrs was significative higher than 08 hrs of training, but did not show significant differences with the performance rate at 16 and 20 hrs. We found a strong positive correlation between performance and training time in retinoscopy (R = 0.9773, CI: 0.2678 - 0.9995 p = 0.0227).
Conclusion
This study showed that an increasing number of hours of practice positively correlates with performance in retinoscopy. The elaboration of a protocol and standardization of performance per hour also allowed us to estimate that a minimum of 13.4 hrs of practice is required to achieve 60% performance. Using the resulting formula, it is possible to determine the number of hours of retinoscopy practice are necessary to reach a certain level of performance.
Camrelizumab/apatinib vs. sorafenib as therapy for primary liver cancer: a retrospective study of a single Center
Authors: Chen Dongbo , Wang Yichun , Chen Xiangxun , Kang Mei , Zhu Liyang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Although the phase II clinical study confirmed the effectiveness of camrelizumab combined with apatinib, the role of camrelizumab plus apatinib versus sorafenib for primary liver cancer (PLC) remains unverified.
Methods
The data of PLC patients who received camrelizumab plus apatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment were collected retrospectively.
Results
The 12-month overall survival (OS) rate of camrelizumab plus apatinib was 70.4% and the OS rate of sorafenib was 48.6%. Compared with sorafenib, The median progression-free survival (PFS) time of the two groups was 6.0 months (95% CI 4.2–7.8) and 3 months (95% CI 2.3–3.7), respectively. The median OS was 19.0 months (95% CI 16.4–21.6) and 12.0 months (95% CI 8.9–15.1), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 70.4% of 71 patients who received camrelizumab/apatinib at least once and in 26.4% of 72 patients who received sorafenib at least one cycle. In the camrelizumab plus apatinib group, the most common grade 3 to 4 adverse reactions were hypertension, aspartate aminotransferase increased and thrombocytopenia, no other high-level toxic effects were observed.
Conclusion
Clinically meaningful improvements in OS and PFS observed with camrelizumab/apatinib versus sorafenib suggest that camrelizumab/apatinib may become a practice-changing treatment for patients with PLC.
Demand met by health services by individuals with musculoskeletal pain starting after covid-19 infection?
Authors: Junior Abelardo de Oliveira Soares , Afonso Max dos Santos , Vieira Yohana Pereira , Rocha Juliana Quadros Santos , Dummit Samuel , Neves Rosália Garcia , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: The present work was aimed to verify the relationship between the use of health services and the presence of discomfort and musculoskeletal discomfort after Covid-19 infection in adults and elderly people in the southern region of Brazil.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study with individuals over 18 years of age who were diagnosed with covid-19 between December 2020 and March 2021. Questionnaires were collected electronically (with tablets) through the REDCap plataform by means of phone calls. The outcomes used were the use of health services: Primary Health Care, general practitioner, unit and private emergency care and specialized services. The presence of musculoskeletal pain exposure was assessed using the Nordic questionnaire on musculoskeletal symptoms before and during and/or after COVID-19 infection in the following regions: cervical, upper limbs, thoracic, lumbar, and lower limbs. Poisson regression was used to assess the relationship between health care service use after covid-19 infection and musculoskeletal pain. Data were analyzed using the Stata 16.1 statistical package.
Results: A total of 2,919 individuals were interviewed. Overall, the use of health services was about 15 percentage points (p.p) higher in individuals with musculoskeletal pain when compared with people without musculoskeletal pain. In adjusted analysis, individuals who reported pain in all outcomes during and after covid-19 infection was up to twice as likely to use health services and, among them, the emergency care unit was the most used, especially in those with pain in the lower limbs RP=2.19 (CI95% 1.66-2.87) and chest pain RP=2.04 (CI95% 1.47-2.84). In view of this, the highest magnitudes of association were related to emergency care units, doctors, and specialized services, especially neurologists, who were two to three times more likely to seek this profession, followed by pulmonologists.
Conclusion: In view of this, a new demand for more integrated care is recommended in a care model that offers comprehensive follow-up due to the diversity of users with specific needs.