bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of High‐Pressure Phases RESi3 (RE=Tb, Dy, Er, Tm)
Authors: Neziraj Teuta , Akselrud Lev , Wirth Steffen , Schwarz Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe new metastable binary rare‐earth metal trisilicides RESi3 (RE=Tb, Dy, Er, and Tm) are obtained by high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis (9.5 GPa, 823–923 K). Powder diffraction data refinements reveal that their crystal structure is isotypic to that of YbSi3, and the values of cell parameters and cell volumes decrease from Tb to Tm. Magnetic measurements on the compounds indicate Curie‐Weiss paramagnetic behavior and antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures. The values for TN follow a de Gennes scaling pointing towards Ruderman‐Kittel‐Kasuya‐Yosida (RKKY) interaction. Upon heating at ambient pressure, the RESi3 compounds decompose into Si and RESi2‐x.The new high‐pressure phases TbSi3, DySi3, ErSi3 and TmSi3 adopt atomic arrangements in which two‐dimensional building units of silicon are separated by rare‐earth metal atoms. The silicon environment with five short Si‐Si contacts in connection with the formal charge Si− is incompatible with the classical 8‐N rule. This is confirmed by earlier quantum chemical methods evidencing a mixture of two‐atomic Si‐Si bonds and multiatomic interactions involving lone‐pairs located at silicon atoms. Consequently, the rare‐earth metal trisilicides do not belong to the class of electron‐precise Zintl phases, which is consistent with their earlier observed character of covalent metals. This result is in concert with the present study revealing that compounds RESi3 (RE=Gd‐Tm) follow a de Gennes scaling, which is based on a magnetic coupling via conduction electrons.
Domain-Specific Evaluation of Visual Explanations for Application-Grounded Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Finzel Bettina , Rieger Ines , Kuhn Simon , Schmid Ute 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch in the field of explainable artificial intelligence has produced a vast amount of visual explanation methods for deep learning-based image classification in various domains of application. However, there is still a lack of domain-specific evaluation methods to assess an explanation’s quality and a classifier’s performance with respect to domain-specific requirements. In particular, evaluation methods could benefit from integrating human expertise into quality criteria and metrics. Such domain-specific evaluation methods can help to assess the robustness of deep learning models more precisely. In this paper, we present an approach for domain-specific evaluation of visual explanation methods in order to enhance the transparency of deep learning models and estimate their robustness accordingly. As an example use case, we apply our framework to facial expression recognition. We can show that the domain-specific evaluation is especially beneficial for challenging use cases such as facial expression recognition and provides application-grounded quality criteria that are not covered by standard evaluation methods. Our comparison of the domain-specific evaluation method with standard approaches thus shows that the quality of the expert knowledge is of great importance for assessing a model’s performance precisely.
Human-in-the-Loop Integration with Domain-Knowledge Graphs for Explainable Federated Deep Learning
Authors: Holzinger Andreas , Saranti Anna , Hauschild Anne-Christin , Beinecke Jacqueline , Heider Dominik , Roettger Richard , Mueller Heimo , Baumbach Jan , Pfeifer Bastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe explore the integration of domain knowledge graphs into Deep Learning for improved interpretability and explainability using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Specifically, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network is masked over a deep neural network for classification, with patient-specific multi-modal genomic features enriched into the PPI graph’s nodes. Subnetworks that are relevant to the classification (referred to as “disease subnetworks”) are detected using explainable AI. Federated learning is enabled by dividing the knowledge graph into relevant subnetworks, constructing an ensemble classifier, and allowing domain experts to analyze and manipulate detected subnetworks using a developed user interface. Furthermore, the human-in-the-loop principle can be applied with the incorporation of experts, interacting through a sophisticated User Interface (UI) driven by Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) methods, changing the datasets to create counterfactual explanations. The adapted datasets could influence the local model’s characteristics and thereby create a federated version that distils their diverse knowledge in a centralized scenario. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the presented strategies, which were originally envisaged in 2021 and most of it has now been materialized into actionable items. In this paper, we report on some lessons learned during this project.
Communities of Inquiry
Authors: Scott-Baumann Alison 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBefore diving into Ricœur’s historical and conceptual experiences of free speech about Algeria, Nanterre and USA in Chaps. 4, 5 and 6, I provide in this chapter a clear working definition of ‘free speech’ as a negotiated process and explore how, by using the Communities of Inquiry approach, young people can learn the art of discussion as they progress through university. As an antidote to the chilling effects of the culture wars, this develops a politics of pedagogy that entails mutual recognition of each other’s arguments and helps us to share the risk with each other of causing offence. There are significant differences between this approach and the communicational ethicsof Habermas. This chapter and Chaps. 4 and 6 end with sample Communities of Inquiry.
Media made from brown-rotted elm and pine wood for rearing Reticulitermes termites
Authors: Mitaka Y. , Vargo E. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTermites are not only decomposers in forest and savanna ecosystems, but also major pests of wooden buildings worldwide. Therefore, termites have long been of interest to researchers, and there has been a need for media for maintaining termites in the laboratory. Recently, a "brown-rotted pinewood mixed cellulose" (BPC) medium using the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) was developed as a medium for long-term stable rearing of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. It is unclear whether the method of preparing the BPC medium can be applied to other termite species using different types of wood. Here, we developed two media for rearing two American termite species (Reticulitermes flavipes and R. virginicus): "brown-rotted elm wood mixed cellulose" (BEC) medium using winged elm (Ulmus alata) and BPC medium using loblolly pine (P. taeda). In colony foundation by R. flavipes dealates, about 80% of the incipient colonies on BEC and BPC media successfully produced larvae and workers, whereas less than 21% of the colonies on cellulose media did so. Long-term rearing of R. flavipes workers showed that the food consumption rate was higher on the BEC and BPC media than on the cellulose medium. On the other hand, long-term rearing of R. virginicus workers showed that the apparent digestibility coefficient was higher on the BPC medium than on the other media. These results indicate that the BEC and BPC media can be used for both colony foundation by dealates and rearing workers in R. flavipes, and that the BPC medium is more suitable for rearing R. virginicus workers. These new media and others made using the same process will contribute to the maintenance of termite colonies in the laboratory for a variety of experiments.
Empfehlungen zur Versorgung von Patient:innen mit FOP
Authors: Seefried L. , Banholzer D. , Fischer R. , Grafe I. , Hüning I. , Morhart R , Oheim R. , Semler O. , Siggelkow H. , Stockklausner C. , Hoyer-Kuhn H. 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei der Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) handelt es sich um eine sehr seltene, genetisch bedingte Erkrankung, ausgelöst durch eine „Gain-of-function“-Mutation im ACVR1-Gen, welches den Typ-I-Bone-Morphogenetic-Protein(BMP)-Rezeptor ACVR1 („activin A receptor type 1“) – auch bekannt als ALK2 („activin receptor-like kinase 2“) kodiert. Diese Mutation führt zum Auftreten und Fortschreiten heterotoper Ossifikationen (HO) im Weich- und Bindegewebe. Der HO gehen oft Episoden von Weichteilschwellungen, sogenannte Flare-ups voraus. Die für FOP charakteristischen Flare-ups können durch Traumata, Infektionen, Impfungen oder andere medizinische sowie chirurgische Eingriffe induziert werden oder spontan auftreten. Mit fortschreitendem Alter der Patient:innen kommt es bei den Betroffenen aufgrund zunehmender HO zu schwerwiegenden Bewegungseinschränkungen bis hin zur Bewegungsunfähigkeit, die mit einer verkürzten Lebenserwartung einhergeht. Ein erstes charakteristisches klinisches Anzeichen für FOP ist die angeborene Fehlbildung der Großzehen [25] mit valgischer Achsabweichung, die bei fast allen Patient:innen auftritt. Um die Diagnose zu sichern, ist eine molekulargenetische Analyse des ACVR1-Gens möglich.

Ziel der Empfehlungen
Ziel der vorliegenden Handlungsempfehlungen ist es, einen Überblick über die notwendigen Voraussetzungen und Bedingungen für die Versorgung von Patient:innen mit FOP zu geben und durch eine bessere Verfügbarkeit von Wissen insgesamt einen positiven Beitrag für Patient:innen mit FOP zu leisten. Um dies zu erreichen, werden relevante Aspekte bei der Versorgung der sehr seltenen Erkrankung FOP vorgestellt, von der initialen Diagnose bis zur Betreuung in der Regelversorgung, basierend auf dem Wissen der Autor:innen (deutsches FOP-Netzwerk) und den internationalen FOP Treatment Guidelines. Die hier vorgestellten Empfehlungen richten sich an alle Akteur:innen und Entscheidungsträger:innen im Gesundheitswesen und sollen darüber hinaus der Information von Betroffenen und der Öffentlichkeit dienen.
Almost complex structures on hyperbolic manifolds
Authors: Kotschick D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe discuss the existence of almost complex structures on closed hyperbolic manifolds of even dimension at least four. We prove that for $$n=2$$

n
=
2

and for all odd n every hyperbolic 2n-manifold has a finite covering admitting an almost complex structure. Conjecturally this should be true for all n. For $$n=4$$

n
=
4

we prove it for arithmetic manifolds.
Reductions in Motor Unit Firing are Associated with Clinically Meaningful Leg Extensor Weakness in Older Adults
Authors: Wages Nathan P. , Mousa Mohamed H. , Clark Leatha A. , Tavoian Dallin , Arnold W. David , Elbasiouny Sherif M. , Clark Brian C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWeakness, one of the key characteristics of sarcopenia, is a significant risk factor for functional limitations and disability in older adults. It has long been suspected that reductions in motor unit firing rates (MUFRs) are one of the mechanistic causes of age-related weakness. However, prior work has not investigated the extent to which MUFR is associated with clinically meaningful weakness in older adults. Forty-three community-dwelling older adults (mean: 75.4 ± 7.4 years; 46.5% female) and 24 young adults (mean: 22.0 ± 1.8 years; 58.3% female) performed torque matching tasks at varying submaximal intensities with their non-dominant leg extensors. Decomposed surface electromyographic recordings were used to quantify MUFRs from the vastus lateralis muscle. Computational modeling was subsequently used to independently predict how slowed MUFRs would negatively impact strength in older adults. Bivariate correlations between MUFRs and indices of lean mass, voluntary activation, and physical function/mobility were also assessed in older adults. Weak older adults (n = 14) exhibited an approximate 1.5 and 3 Hz reduction in MUFR relative to non-weak older adults (n = 29) at 50% and 80% MVC, respectively. Older adults also exhibited an approximate 3 Hz reduction in MUFR relative to young adults at 80% MVC only. Our model predicted that a 3 Hz reduction in MUFR results in a strength decrement of 11–26%. Additionally, significant correlations were found between slower MUFRs and poorer neuromuscular quality, voluntary activation, chair rise time performance, and stair climb power (r’s = 0.31 to 0.43). These findings provide evidence that slowed MUFRs are mechanistically linked with clinically meaningful leg extensor weakness in older adults.
Renin-angiotensin inhibitors reduce thrombotic complications in Essential Thrombocythemia and Polycythemia Vera patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Mulas Olga , Mola Brunella , Costa Alessandro , Pittau Francesca , Mantovani Daniela , Dessì Samuele , Fronteddu Antonella , La Nasa Giorgio , Caocci Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEssential Thrombocythemia (ET) and Polycythemia Vera (PV) are chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, leading to a high risk of disability and mortality. Although arterial hypertension was found to be the most significant modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor in the general population, little is known about its role in MPNs as well as a possible role of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) in comparison with other anti-hypertensive treatments. We investigated a large cohort of 404 MPN adult patients, 133 diagnosed with PV and 271 with ET. Over half of the patients (53.7%) reported hypertension at MPN diagnosis. The 15-year cumulative incidence of thrombotic-adverse events (TAEs) was significantly higher in patients with hypertension (66.8 ± 10.3% vs 38.5 ± 8.4%; HR = 1.83; 95%CI 1.08–3.1). Multivariate analysis showed that PV diagnosis and hypertension were independently associated with a higher risk of developing TAEs (HR = 3.5; 95%CI 1.928–6.451, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.8; 95%CI 0.983–3.550, p = 0.05, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the diagnosis of PV confirmed a significant predictive role in developing TAEs (HR = 4.4; 95%CI 1.92–10.09, p < 0.01), also considering only MPN patients with hypertension. In addition, we found that the use of RASi showed a protective effect from TAEs both in the whole cohort of MPN with hypertension (HR = 0.46; 95%CI 0.21–0.98, p = 0.04) and in the subgroup of thrombotic high-risk score patients (HR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.24–1.01, p = 0.04). In particular, patients with ET and a high risk of thrombosis seem to benefit most from RASi treatment (HR = 0.27; 95%CI 0.07–1.01, p = 0.03). Hypertension in MPN patients represents a significant risk factor for TAEs and should be adequately treated.
Assignment games with population monotonic allocation schemes
Authors: Solymosi Tamás 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe characterize the assignment games which admit a population monotonic allocation scheme (PMAS) in terms of efficiently verifiable structural properties of the nonnegative matrix that induces the game. We prove that an assignment game is PMAS-admissible if and only if the positive elements of the underlying nonnegative matrix form orthogonal submatrices of three special types. In game theoretic terms it means that an assignment game is PMAS-admissible if and only if it contains either a veto player or a dominant veto mixed pair, or the game is a composition of these two types of special assignment games. We also show that in PMAS-admissible assignment games all core allocations can be extended to a PMAS, and the nucleolus coincides with the tau-value.
Retrospective real-world analysis of adherence and persistence to lipid-lowering therapy in Germany
Authors: Koenig Wolfgang , Lorenz Elke S. , Beier Lea , Gouni-Berthold Ioanna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in Germany. Cardiovascular risk can be mitigated with long-term lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) that reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Although effective, risk mitigation is hindered by poor persistence and adherence.

Objective
To investigate real-world persistence and adherence to LLTs through 36 months post-initiation.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients with dyslipidemia who were newly prescribed LLTs between July and December 2017, using anonymized prescription data from the Insight Health™ Patient Insight Tool, and followed up until March 2021. Persistence and adherence to the therapies were stratified by age and sex. The proportion of days covered (PDC) was used to measure adherence.

Results
Patients with dyslipidemia and newly prescribed statins (n = 865,732), ezetimibe (n = 34,490), or anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies (anti-PCSK9 mAbs; n = 1940) were included. Persistence to LLTs declined gradually across all treatment subgroups and was lower in women than men. Adherence, calculated as the mean PDC at the end of the analysis period (July 2017‒March 2021) was 0.84, 0.92, and 0.93 for statins, ezetimibe, and anti-PCSK9 mAbs, respectively. Among patients who discontinued treatment, mean treatment duration was 265, 255, and 387 days for statins, ezetimibe, and anti-PCSK9 mAbs, respectively. Only ~ 10% of patients persisted between 201 and 300 days. By Day 300, 71% of patients on statins had discontinued treatment. At 36 months, overall persistence rates were lowest with statins (20.6%), followed by ezetimibe (22.3%) and anti-PCSK9 mAbs (50.9%).

Conclusions
High non-persistence rates were observed across all LLT regimens analyzed, with the lowest persistence rates observed with statins.

Graphical Abstract
Long-term results and quality of life after vibrant soundbridge implantation (VSBs) in children and adults with aural atresia
Authors: Gantner Sophia , Epp Alexandra , Pollotzek Marlene , Hempel John Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and acceptance of the active middle ear implant system Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB®, MED-EL, Austria) in patients with aural atresia or aplasia (children and adults).

Methods
Data from 51 patients (mean age 13.9 ± 11.3 years), 42 (79.2%) children and adolescents, and 11 (20.8%) adults) who received a VSB implant between 2009 and 2019 at the Department of Otolaryngology at LMU Clinic Großhadern, Munich were included in the study. Pure-tone audiometry, speech recognition in a quiet environment and in a noisy environment were performed preoperatively, during the first fitting of the audio processor, after 1–3 years, after 3–5 years, and after 5 years (if possible). The follow-up period ranged from 11 to 157 months with a mean of 58.6 months (4.8 years). Furthermore, the benefit of the VSB was evaluated by self-assessment questionnaires (Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale, respectively, for parents).

Results
Significant improvements were observed in hearing and speech comprehension immediately after the initial fitting of the VSB system (mean hearing gain 38.4 ± 9.4 dB HL) and at follow-up intervals (1–3, 3–5 and after 5 years) for children and adults (p < 0.01). The values remained stable over the long-term, indicating a sustained functional gain from the VSB (mean hearing gain 38.9 ± 9.2 dB HL). The results of the self-assessments affirm the positive influence on hearing and speech comprehension with the VSB. With the VSB, there was an improvement of 41.3 ± 13.7% in the Freiburg monosyllable test.

Conclusion
These results (a stable hearing gain over the long term, a good tolerance of the implant and an improvement in quality of life) affirm the recommendation for using the active middle ear implant VSB as early as permitted for aural atresia and aplasia patients. This study represents the audiometric results with the (to date) largest collective of aural atresia patients and with a long follow-up period.
Supportive care interventions for men with urological cancers: a scoping review
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , McCarthy Megan , Murphy Mike , Medved Katarina , O’Malley Maria , Bambury Richard M. , Gleeson Jack P. , Noonan Brendan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To identify supportive care interventions for men with urological cancers.

Methods
Experimental studies conducted among men with any urological cancer were eligible for inclusion. Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson), SocINDEX with Full Text, ERIC, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched on 6 December 2022. No database limits were applied. The included studies were methodologically appraised. A narrative synthesis of the results was conducted.

Results
Thirty studies were included with 10 categories of interventions identified. Over 300 outcomes were measured, and more than 100 instruments were used. Multicomponent interventions generally led to positive changes in physiological outcomes like body mass index, as well as exercise tolerance and quality of life. This change, however, was not sustained in the long term. Cognitive-behavioural interventions significantly improved psychological symptoms but seldom physical symptoms. Telephone and web-based interventions showed great promise in improving outcomes like depression, positive affect, negative affect, perceived stress, spiritual wellbeing and fatigue. Findings from physical activity/exercise-based interventions were promising for both, physical and psychological outcomes. Rehabilitative interventions were associated with significant improvements in quality of life, urinary symptoms and psychological symptoms, albeit in the short term. Mixed results were reported for nurse-led interventions, family-based interventions and nutritional interventions.

Conclusion
All but one study focused exclusively on prostate cancer. The included studies were significantly heterogeneous. Multicomponent, cognitive-behavioural, telephone and web-based, physical activity/exercise-based and rehabilitative interventions showed great promise in improving various outcomes. This improvement, however, was often short-lived.
Esketamin-Behandlung im akut-tagesklinischen Setting
Authors: Stefan Romy , Fugger Gernot 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie unipolare Depression betrifft weltweit über 300 Mio. Menschen und ist die führende Ursache für Suizide mit einer jährlichen Suizidrate von etwa 800.000 Personen. Bei adäquater Behandlung ist die Prognose sehr gut, jedoch entwickeln 10–30 % der Betroffenen eine therapieresistente Depression, welche durch ein unzureichendes oder fehlendes Ansprechen auf die antidepressive Behandlung gekennzeichnet ist. Der Add-on-Behandlung mit Esketamin wird ein immer höherer Stellenwert in der leitliniengerechten Therapie der therapieresistenten Depression beigemessen. Es wird empfohlen, die Induktionsphase im stationären Setting zu starten und bei guter Verträglichkeit die Behandlung ambulant oder teilstationär fortzusetzen. Über die teilstationäre Handhabung der Induktionsphase von Esketamin ist noch wenig bekannt. In diesem Fallbericht wird über eine effektive Depressionstherapie mit Esketamin im multidisziplinären Setting einer Akut-Tagesklinik berichtet.