bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly of Immunogenic Protein Particles toward Advanced Synthetic Vaccines
Authors: Chen Shuxiong , Quan Diana H. , Sam Gayathri , Ozberk Victoria , Wang Xiaonan T. , Halfmann Peter , Pandey Manisha , Good Michael F. , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Britton Warwick J. , Rehm Bernd H. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmunogenic carrier proteins such as the non‐toxic diphtheria toxin variant, cross‐reacting material 197 (CRM197), are widely used in subunit vaccine formulations to boost immunogenicity of chemically conjugated antigens. Conjugate vaccines are inherently expensive due to laborious manufacturing steps. Here, this work develops a particulate vaccine platform based on using engineered Escherichia coli to assemble CRM197‐antigen fusion proteins into discrete submicron‐sized particles. This approach enables precise loading of diverse antigens and epitopes enhancing their immunogenicity. A cost‐effective, high‐yield, and scalable biomanufacturing process is developed. Purified particulate CRM197‐antigen vaccines are ambient‐temperature stable. CRM197 particles incorporating pathogen‐specific antigens or epitopes from SARS‐CoV‐2, Streptococcus pyogenes (group A), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced cell‐mediated and humoral immune responses mediating protective immunity in respective animal models of infection. The CRM197 particle vaccine platform is versatile, enabling co‐delivery of selected antigens/epitopes together with immunogenic CRM197 as discrete stable particles avoiding laborious manufacture of soluble CRM197 and antigen followed by chemical conjugation.
Ammonia Electrosynthesis with a Stable Metal‐Free 2D Silicon Phosphide Catalyst
Authors: Lv Chade , Jia Ning , Qian Yumin , Wang Shanpeng , Wang Xuechun , Yu Wei , Liu Chuntai , Pan Hongge , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jianwei , Tao Xutang , Loh Kian Ping , Xue Can , Yan Qingyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal‐free 2D phosphorus‐based materials are emerging catalysts for ammonia (NH3) production through a sustainable electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction route under ambient conditions. However, their efficiency and stability remain challenging due to the surface oxidization. Herein, a stable phosphorus‐based electrocatalyst, silicon phosphide (SiP), is explored. Density functional theory calculations certify that the N2 activation can be realized on the zigzag Si sites with a dimeric end‐on coordinated mode. Such sites also allow the subsequent protonation process via the alternating associative mechanism. As the proof‐of‐concept demonstration, both the crystalline and amorphous SiP nanosheets (denoted as C‐SiP NSs and A‐SiP NSs, respectively) are obtained through ultrasonic exfoliation processes, but only the crystalline one enables effective and stable electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction, in terms of an NH3 yield rate of 16.12 µg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 22.48% at −0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. The resistance to oxidization plays the decisive role in guaranteeing the NH3 electrosynthesis activity for C‐SiP NSs. This surface stability endows C‐SiP NSs with the capability to serve as appealing electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reactions and other promising applications.
Metal Fluoride Cathode Materials for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries: Focus on Iron Fluorides
Authors: Sun Lidong , Li Yu , Feng Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExploring prospective rechargeable batteries with high energy densities is urgently needed on a worldwide scale to address the needs of the large‐scale electric vehicle market. Conversion‐type metal fluorides (MFs) are attractive cathodes for next‐generation rechargeable batteries because of their high theoretical potential and capacities and provide new perspectives for developing novel battery systems that satisfy energy density requirements. However, some critical issues, such as high voltage hysteresis and poor cycling stability must be solved to further enhance MF cathode materials. In this review, the recent advances in mechanisms focused on FeF3 cathodes under lithiation/delithiation processes are discussed in detail. Then, the classifications and advantages of various synthesis methods to prepare MF‐based materials are first minutely discussed. Moreover, the performance attenuation mechanisms of MFs and the effort in the development of mitigation strategies are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, prospects for the current obstacles and possible research directions, with the aim to provide some inspiration for the development of MF cathode‐based batteries are presented.
Heterogeneity, leveling the playing field, and affirmative action in contests
Authors: Chowdhury Subhasish M. , Esteve‐González Patricia , Mukherjee Anwesha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe heterogeneous abilities of players in various competitive contexts often lead to undesirable outcomes such as low effort provision, a lack of diversity, and inequality. A range of policies is implemented to mitigate such issues by enforcing competitive balance, that is, by leveling the playing field. Some of those policies, known as affirmative action (AA) policies, are practiced in ethical response to historical discrimination against particular social groups, and are also aimed at increasing competition. This survey summarizes the rapidly growing literature on contest theory regarding AA and other policies that level the playing field. Using a general theoretical structure, we outline the theoretical, experimental, and empirical research findings on contest outcomes under a multitude of policy mechanisms, and in doing so, we touch upon some of the common debates in the AA literature.
Compressive stress–strain model for the estimation of the flexural capacity of reinforced geopolymer concrete members
Authors: Kocaer Oznur , Aldemir Alper 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobal warming triggered efforts on sustainable materials in any area of production. Thus, the construction materials were also at the edge of a sharp change to achieve less harm to the environment by reducing the carbon print. Consequently, researchers have been trying to replace the cement from the mixtures of reinforced concrete as cement production causes large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. Alkali‐activated binders are proved to be versatile alternatives to cementitious binders; however, accurate mathematical models to predict the capacities of these structural elements are limited in number. Therefore, in this study, a new stress–strain model has been developed to estimate the flexural capacity of geopolymer structural elements originated from construction and demolition waste. The study was initiated by formulating a novel stress–strain model applicable for defining the compressive behavior of geopolymer concrete. The formulation was based on recent experimental findings on flexural behavior of geopolymer beam specimens. Then, the performance of the proposed stress–strain model in estimating the ultimate moment capacities was investigated by using 36 bending tests from the literature. The results showed that the proposed model had very little deviations and enhanced accuracy compared with the literature available estimation method recommended by the ACI318. In addition, a soft database composed of 50 different beam specimens with varying mechanical properties and reinforcement patterns was formed. Numerical models corresponding to all possible combinations of each parameter were generated, and their load capacities were determined. After that, the estimation performances of the proposed method and the stress–strain models from the literature, and also the ACI318 procedure were examined. The conclusion of this check also yielded promising results with an absolute mean percentage error of 5.13% regardless of the mode of failures.
Eliciting students' stories: Student perspectives on anecdote materials
Authors: Castellano Joachim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article provides critical student perspectives on a set of instructor‐created materials in which students ultimately delivered a spoken anecdote in a class presentation. The research was conducted qualitatively through the lens of narrative inquiry. Data were gathered from six participants, all undergraduate English majors at a Japanese university. Results found that participants experienced various difficulties related to the materials and task, primarily due to their unfamiliarity with anecdotes and vocal prosody. However, participants reported benefits of these lessons such as perceived second language (L2) development and real‐world relevance. Participants also applied lessons learned from the materials in a variety of contexts including study abroad and job interviews, demonstrating that telling anecdotes about themselves can be a highly authentic task. The findings advise instructors to consider students' backgrounds, introduce anecdote elements, and provide ample feedback and repetition. The article also suggests that material developers should consider student feedback as an essential component when designing classroom materials.
Is posterior compartment prolapse associated with anal incontinence?
Authors: Subramaniam N. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveIt has been claimed that manifestations of posterior compartment prolapse, such as rectocele, enterocele and intussusception, are associated with anal incontinence (AI), but this has not been studied while controlling for anal sphincter trauma. We aimed to investigate this association in women with intact anal sphincter presenting with pelvic floor dysfunction.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 1133 women with intact anal sphincter presenting to a tertiary urogynecological center for pelvic floor dysfunction between 2014 and 2016. All women underwent a standardized interview, including assessment of symptoms of AI, clinical examination and three‐/four‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound. Descent of the rectal ampulla, true rectocele, enterocele, intussusception and anal sphincter trauma were diagnosed offline.ResultsMean age was 54.1 (range, 17.6–89.7) years and mean body mass index was 29.4 (range, 14.7–67.8) kg/m2. AI was reported by 149 (13%) patients, with a median St Mark's anal incontinence score of 12 (interquartile range, 1–23). Significant posterior compartment prolapse was seen in 693 (61%) women on clinical examination. Overall, 638 (56%) women had posterior compartment prolapse on imaging: 527 (47%) had a true rectocele, 89 (7.9%) had an enterocele and 26 (2.3%) had an intussusception. Women with ultrasound‐diagnosed enterocele had a significantly higher rate of AI (23.6% vs 12.3%; odds ratio (OR), 2.21 (95% CI, 1.31–3.72); P = 0.002), but when adjusted for potential confounders, this association was no longer significant (OR, 1.56 (95% CI, 0.82–2.77); P = 0.134).ConclusionIn women without anal sphincter trauma, posterior compartment prolapse, whether diagnosed clinically or by imaging, was not shown to be associated with AI. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Addressing the unique needs of graduate and professional student leadership identity online, in‐person, and through turbulent times
Authors: Werner Linnette R. L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFrom differences in brain development to balancing complex roles, the needs of graduate students significantly differ from undergraduates and yet often go unacknowledged. In this article, I explore how these differences can be taken into account when supporting graduate student leadership identity during turbulent times and beyond through in‐person and online leadership development programs.
Utilizing co‐curricular learning tools to foster leadership development in graduate and professional schools: Examples and lessons learned
Authors: Lubker John R. , Petrusa Emil R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFaculty have an implicit expectation that their graduate and professional students will become leaders in their respective fields; however, there is a lack of formalized co‐curricular education to prepare them to assume leadership. This article provides two examples of co‐curricular leadership education programs as inspiration for others to develop and navigate the challenges of delivering programming.
Enacting a diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice emphasis in graduate and professional leadership education
Authors: Jackson Karen T. , Richardson Sydney , Breen Jennifer Moss 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores leadership education, leadership scholarship, and leadership practices with a focus on the continued growth in thought, paradigm development, research and practices that address societal problems in relation to human existence. We respond to the question “how can the integration of counter narratives into leadership education – all while integrating diverse perspectives into our leadership education conversation so the complexity we now understand to be true can be revealed?” The exploration creates opportunities to deepen the diversity, equity, and inclusion discourse incorporated into graduate leadership education programs.
Envisioning the future of graduate and professional leadership education: Perspectives from the field
Authors: Gleason Michael C. , Breen Jennifer Moss 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe future of graduate and professional leadership education holds both challenges and promise. By sharing results from a focus group study about the field of leadership education, this article uplifts the voices of leadership educators and students who shared their hopes and concerns for the field. Their advice serves as a resource to those considering ways they might best serve students and organizations through the development and enhancement of programs.
Assessing Molodensky’s Heights: A Rebuttal
Authors: Kingdon R. , Vaníček P. , Santos M. , Martinec Z. , Foroughi I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is written as a progression of the ongoing discussion in geodesy about the merits of the Molodensky height system versus the classical height system. It is a rebuttal of a publication in the Proceedings of the IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy by Victor Popadyev titled “On the Advantage of Normal Heights: Once More on the Shape of Quasigeoid.” Even though Popadyev’s paper was not presented at the symposium it was published in the proceedings regardless. It purports to address a presentation from the symposium titled “The shape of the quasigeoid”, that applied a set of criteria to judge the suitability of the quasigeoid as a vertical reference surface, ultimately finding it inferior due to its edges and folds. The proceedings paper acknowledges these irregularities in the quasigeoid, but instead argues that the Molodensky system, apart from any vertical reference surface, should be evaluated on two different and more favorable criteria, and finds it superior on that basis. Herein, we continue the ongoing discussion by clarifying some of the misunderstandings in the Popadyev paper and explaining that even on the favourable criteria proposed the Molodensky system holds no advantages over the classical system.
Cosmological bootstrap in slow motion
Authors: Jazayeri Sadra , Renaux-Petel Sébastien 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Speed matters. How the masses and spins of new particles active during inflation can be read off from the statistical properties of primordial density fluctuations is well understood. However, not when the propagation speeds of the new degrees of freedom and of the curvature perturbation differ, which is the generic situation in the effective field theory of inflationary fluctuations. Here we use bootstrap techniques to find exact analytical solutions for primordial 2-,3- and 4-point correlators in this context. We focus on the imprints of a heavy relativistic scalar coupled to the curvature perturbation that propagates with a reduced speed of sound cs, hence strongly breaking de Sitter boosts. We show that akin to the de Sitter invariant setup, primordial correlation functions can be deduced by acting with suitable weight-shifting operators on the four-point function of a conformally coupled field induced by the exchange of the massive scalar. However, this procedure requires the analytical continuation of this seed correlator beyond the physical domain implied by momentum conservation. We bootstrap this seed correlator in the extended domain from first principles, starting from the boundary equation that it satisfies due to locality. We further impose unitarity, reflected in cosmological cutting rules, and analyticity, by demanding regularity in the collinear limit of the four-point configuration, in order to find the unique solution. Equipped with this, we unveil that heavy particles that are lighter than H/cs leave smoking gun imprints in the bispectrum in the form of resonances in the squeezed limit, a phenomenon that we call the low speed collider. We characterise the overall shape of the signal as well as its unusual logarithmic mass dependence, both vividly distinct from previously identified signatures of heavy fields. Eventually, we demonstrate that these features can be understood in a simplified picture in which the heavy field is integrated out, albeit in a non-standard manner resulting in a single-field effective theory that is non-local in space. Nonetheless, the latter description misses the non-perturbative effects of spontaneous particle production, well visible in the ultra-squeezed limit in the form of the cosmological collider oscillations, and it breaks down for masses of order the Hubble scale, for which only our exact bootstrap results hold.
Do missing teeth cause early-onset cognitive impairment? Re-examining the evidence using a quasi-natural experiment
Authors: Santoso Cornelia , Serrano-Alarcón Manuel , Stuckler David , Serban Stefan , McKee Martin , Nagy Attila 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Multiple studies have reported a positive association between missing teeth and cognitive impairment. While some authors have postulated causal mechanisms, existing designs preclude assessing this.

Methods
We sought evidence of a causal effect of missing teeth on early-onset cognitive impairment in a natural experiment, using differential exposure to fluoridated water during critical childhood years (ages 5–20 years) in England as the instrument. We coded missing teeth from 0 (≤ 12 missing) to 3 (all missing) and measured the association with cognitive impairment in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing data (2014–5), covering 4958 persons aged 50–70 years.

Results
We first replicated previous evidence of the strongly positive association of missing teeth with cognitive impairment (β = 0.25 [0.11, 0.39]), after adjusting for socio-demographic covariates, such as age, gender, education, and wealth. Using an instrumental variable design, we found that childhood exposure to water fluoridation was strongly associated with fewer missing teeth, with being exposed to fluoridated water during childhood (16 years) associated with a 0.96 reduction in the missing teeth scale (β = − 0.06 [− 0.10, − 0.02]). However, when using the instrumented measure of missing teeth, predicted by probability of fluoride exposure, we found that missing teeth no longer had an association with cognitive impairment (β = 1.48 [− 1.22, 4.17]), suggesting that previous oral health-cognitive impairment associations had unobserved confounding.

Conclusions
Our findings are consistent with the possibility that unobserved confounding leads to the oft-observed association between missing teeth and early-onset cognitive impairment, suggesting that the relationship is spurious rather than causal.
Affine fractional $$L^p$$ Sobolev inequalities
Authors: Haddad Julián , Ludwig Monika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSharp affine fractional $$L^p$$

L
p

Sobolev inequalities for functions on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

are established. The new inequalities are stronger than (and directly imply) the sharp fractional $$L^p$$

L
p

Sobolev inequalities. They are fractional versions of the affine $$L^p$$

L
p

Sobolev inequalities of Lutwak, Yang, and Zhang. In addition, affine fractional asymmetric $$L^p$$

L
p

Sobolev inequalities are established.
Myocarditis mortality with and without COVID-19: insights from a national registry
Authors: Bemtgen Xavier , Kaier Klaus , Rilinger Jonathan , Rottmann Felix , Supady Alexander , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Westermann Dirk , Wengenmayer Tobias , Staudacher Dawid L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Myocarditis in context of a SARS-CoV-2 infection is vividly discussed in the literature. Real-world data however are sparse, and relevance of the myocarditis diagnosis to outcome in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unclear.

Patients and methods
Retrospective analysis of 75,304 patients hospitalized in Germany with myocarditis between 2007 and 2020 is reported by DESTATIS. Patients hospitalized between 01/2016 and 12/2019 served as reference cohort for the COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 2020.

Results
A total of 75,304 patients were hospitalized between 2007 and 2020 (age 42.5 years, 30.1% female, hospital mortality 2.4%). In the reference cohort, 24,474 patients (age 42.8 years, 29.5% female, hospital mortality 2.2%) were registered. In 2020, annual myocarditis hospitalizations dropped by 19.6% compared to reference (4921 vs. 6119 annual hospitalization), of which 443/4921 (9.0%) were connected to COVID-19. In 2020, hospital mortality of myocarditis in non-COVID-19 patients increased significantly compared to reference (2.9% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.008, OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08–1.60). In COVID-19 myocarditis, hospital mortality was even higher compared to reference (13.5% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001, OR 6.93, 95% CI 5.18–9.18).

Conclusion
The burden of patients with myocarditis and COVID-19 in 2020 was low. Hospital mortality was more than sixfold higher in patients with myocarditis and COVID-19 compared to those with myocarditis but without COVID-19.

Graphical abstract
Alcohol consumption: context and association with mortality in Switzerland
Authors: Suter Flurina , Pestoni Giulia , Sych Janice , Rohrmann Sabine , Braun Julia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeNon-communicable diseases generate the largest number of avoidable deaths often caused by risk factors such as alcohol, smoking, and unhealthy diets. Our study investigates the association between amount and context of alcohol consumption and mortality from major non-communicable diseases in Switzerland.MethodsGeneralized linear regression models were fitted on data of the cross-sectional population-based National Nutrition Survey menuCH (2014–2015,n = 2057). Mortality rates based on the Swiss mortality data (2015–2018) were modeled by the alcohol consumption group considering the amount and context (i.e., during or outside mealtime) of alcohol consumption and potential confounders. The models were checked for spatial autocorrelation using Moran’sIstatistic. Integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) models were fitted when evidence for missing spatial information was found.ResultsHigher mortality rates were detected among drinkers compared to non-drinkers for all-cancer (rate ratio (RR) ranging from 1.01 to 1.07) and upper aero-digestive tract cancer (RR ranging from 1.15 to 1.20) mortality. Global Moran’sIstatistic revealed spatial autocorrelation at the Swiss district level for all-cancer mortality. An INLA model led to the identification of three districts with a significant decrease and four districts with a significant increase in all-cancer mortality.ConclusionSignificant associations of alcohol consumption with all-cancer and upper aero-digestive tract cancer mortality were detected. Our study results indicate the need for further studies to improve the next alcohol-prevention scheme and to lower the number of avoidable deaths in Switzerland.