bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policing the Crisis in the 21st Century; the making of “knife crime youths” in Britain
Authors: Williams Elaine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe terms ‘knife crime’ and ‘knife culture’ were first established in British crime discourse at the turn of 21st century and represent a particular re-making of youth in post-industrial Britain. The generational impacts of advanced neoliberalism have intensified conflict between marginalised young people in the UK as they compete for success in high-risk informal economies and navigate the normalised brutalities of everyday violence. However, the impact of extreme inequality and structural violence on children has not been central in the response to youth-on-youth knife homicides in the 2000s and 2010s. Instead, these decades have been characterised by punitiveness and surveillance, increasing discriminatory stop and search practices and extending powers that target and control young people. Through conjunctural analysis of the making of ‘knife crime youths’ in the UK, this paper considers how shifting forms of cultural racism have been able to rearticulate child violence as cultural deficit, using race once again to work through the contradictions of late capitalism. Applying a radical criminological understanding of deviance labelling as a specific response to crime, this paper asks: To what extent is the construction of ‘knife crime’ a continuation of Policing the Crisis in the 21st century? And why has this process been relatively uncritiqued by practitioners and academics that contribute to ‘knife crime’ discourse? Using document, archive and discourse analysis this paper presents a social history of ‘knife crime youths’, depicting the formative interactions that have so far been obscured by the matter-of-fact dominance of the label and its practices.
Occurrence of shoot blight disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) Scholten, on cherry trees (Prunus avium) in Greece
Authors: Thomidis Thomas , Kazantzis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShoot blight is a common stone fruit disease that occurs worldwide. The disease is most commonly identified in early spring, shortly after bud break. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans causing severe canker and shoot blight on cherry tree in Greece and worldwide. This study also investigated the effect of temperatures and moisture on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. destructans. It was found that a temperature range of 10 to 30 °C was adequate for mycelial growth and conidial germination, with 20 °C being the optimum. In addition, 6 h of continuous moisture at 20 °C was required to initiate conidial germination, and germination gradually increased as the duration of continuous moisture increased from 6 to 36 h, with no further increases observed up to 48 h. The pathogenicity and virulence of C. destructans to commercial cherry, plum, peach, apricot, apple and pear cultivars were also examined. The results of this study showed that C. destructans did not show host specificity as it was pathogenic to all peach, plum, apricot, pear and apple cultivars tested. Some differences in the level of susceptibility were found among cultivars evaluated.Based on the above results, a logistic regression model could be developed that adequately describes the effects of pre-inoculation moisture and temperature on the infection incidence in cherry trees.
Managing changes in the environment of human–robot interaction and welfare services
Authors: Tuisku Outi , Parjanen Satu , Hyypiä Mirva , Pekkarinen Satu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate decision-makers’ views on changes that robotics will create in welfare services. The purpose was also to discover what the opportunities and challenges are in human–robot interaction during these changes and how to manage these changes. As a research method, an online survey was used. The survey was sent to Finnish decision-makers (N = 184). They were divided into three groups: Techno-positive (n = 66), Techno-neutral (n = 47), and Techno-critical (n = 71). According to the results, more than 80% of the respondents saw that robots can offer support in existing work tasks, and more than 70% saw that the robots can do existing tasks. The most often mentioned challenges were the reduction of interaction and the reduction of human touch. Further, there are various knowledge needs among the respondents. Most of the knowledge needs were not based on the technical use of the robots; rather, they were quite scattered. The results suggest that successful use and implementation of robots in welfare services require a comprehensive plan and change agents. This study suggests that techno-positive people could act as change agents, assisting in implementing the changes. In addition, to manage change in the welfare services it is essential to improve the quality of the information, solve the resistance to change, create organizational awareness, and understanding, and establish a psychological commitment to change the processes.
DNA barcoding of exuviae for species identification of Central European damselflies and dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata)
Authors: Sittenthaler Marcia , Fischer Iris , Chovanec Andreas , Koblmüller Stephan , Macek Oliver , Sattmann Helmut , Szucsich Nikolaus , Zangl Lukas , Haring Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Monitoring of odonates has become an important instrument for ecological status assessment of (semi-)aquatic habitats. Besides information on presence and abundance, knowledge about a species´ autochthony at the surveyed waterbody is a significant information within the assessment process. Here, the finding of exuviae represents the ultimate proof of successful reproduction. Although feasible for most odonate species, morphological identification of exuviae is often time consuming, as it relies on small, fragile structures. To facilitate species identification of exuviae, a DNA barcoding approach was developed, including (1) non-destructive extraction of DNA using whole exuviae or their tracheal tubes, and (2) primer systems for long (< 600 bp) and short (< 200 bp) CO1 fragments. A total of 85 exuviae from 33 species were analysed and compared to results of morphological identification. Additionally, factors potentially influencing DNA quality and quantity, as well as PCR and sequencing success were investigated. Eighty-two exuviae matched the morphologically identified genus, and 60 matched at species level. Of the 33 species present in the data set, 82% could be identified to species level via DNA barcoding. The results show how DNA-based approaches can support fast and accurate species identification and therefore enhance monitoring of an ecologically important taxonomic group, with high relevance for conservation and habitat restoration. Moreover, the use of exuviae as DNA resource once more shows that non-invasive sampling offers great potential for molecular species identification, which is essential when studying rare and endangered species.

Implications for insect conservation
Our results show how molecular tools, here DNA barcoding of odonate exuviae, can support species monitoring without the need of catching individuals, harming, or even killing them. Obtaining DNA from non-invasive sources can thus be a direct advantage to the conservation of insects, especially when dealing with rare and endangered species and/or populations. Using the example of odonates as bioindicator organisms for aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, we highlight the importance of non-invasive genetic approaches for population studies and monitoring of insect species and/or species communities for ecosystem assessments and conservation management.
An insight into the suitability of magnesium ion-conducting biodegradable methyl cellulose solid polymer electrolyte film in energy storage devices
Authors: Koliyoor Jayalakshmi , Ismayil  , Hegde Shreedatta , Sanjeev Ganesh , Murari Mudiyaru Subrahmanya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiodegradable solid polymer electrolyte films based on methyl cellulose and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate [Mg(CH3COO)2.4H2O] are prepared using the conventional solution casting technique. Structural analysis of the electrolyte films confirmed the complexation of salt with the polymer matrix. The incorporation of salt into the polymer matrix resulted in the enhancement of the amorphousness of the matrix. The thermal properties of the electrolyte film are analyzed with the help of DSC and TGA thermograms. Impedance analysis of the films indicates the enhancement of the electrical conductivity of the system. The maximum room temperature ionic conductivity (2.61 × 10−5 S/cm) was observed for the 25wt% salt-doped sample. The highest conducting electrolyte system has an Electrochemical Stability Window (ESW) of 3.47 V. In the current work, a primary battery was assembled using the highest conducting polymer electrolyte system, and its open-circuit potential and discharge characteristics were also investigated.
Graphical abstract
Biomimetic vascular tissue engineering by decellularized scaffold and concurrent cyclic tensile and shear stresses
Authors: Omid Hamed , Abdollahi Sorosh , Bonakdar Shahin , Haghighipour Nooshin , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Mohammadi Javad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDecellularization by chemical approaches has harmful effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and damages lots of functional peptides and biomolecules present in the ultrastructure. In this study, we employed a combination of chemical and physical decellularization methods to overcome these disadvantages. The induced osmotic pressure by hypertonic/hypotonic solutions dissociated and removed most of cellular membranes significantly without any detergent or chemical agent. In total, 0.025% trypsin solution was found adequate to remove the remaining debrides, and ultimately 1% Triton X-100 was utilized for final cleansing. In addition, conducting all the decellularization processes at 4 °C yielded an ECM with least damages in the ultrastructure which could be inferred by close mechanical strength and swelling ratio to the native vessel, and high quality and quantity of cell attachment, migration and proliferation which were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the histology samples. Moreover, the obtained biological scaffold (BS) had no cytotoxicity according to the MTT assay, and this scaffold is storable at −20 °C. Employing bioreactor for concurrent cyclic tensile and shear stresses improved the cell migration into pores of the BS and made the cells and the scaffold compact in analogous to native tissue. As opening angle test showed by decellularizing of the blood vessel, the residual stress dropped significantly which revealed the role of cells in the amount of induced stress in the structure. However, intact and healthy ECM explicitly recovered upon recellularization and beat the initial residual stress of the native tissue. The tensile test of the blood vessels in longitudinal and radial directions revealed orthotropic behavior which can be explained by collagen fibers direction in the ECM. Furthermore, by the three regions of the stress–strain curve can be elucidated the roles of cells, elastin and collagen fibers in mechanical behavior of the vascular tissues.
Graphical Abstract
Varieties of Self-Reference in Metamathematics
Authors: Grabmayr Balthasar , Halbach Volker , Ye Lingyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the conditions under which diagonal sentences can be taken to constitute paradigmatic cases of self-reference. We put forward well-motivated constraints on the diagonal operator and the coding apparatus which separate paradigmatic self-referential sentences, for instance obtained via Gödel’s diagonalization method, from accidental diagonal sentences. In particular, we show that these constraints successfully exclude refutable Henkin sentences, as constructed by Kreisel.
Refining neural network predictions using background knowledge
Authors: Daniele Alessandro , van Krieken Emile , Serafini Luciano , van Harmelen Frank 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent work has shown learning systems can use logical background knowledge to compensate for a lack of labeled training data. Many methods work by creating a loss function that encodes this knowledge. However, often the logic is discarded after training, even if it is still helpful at test time. Instead, we ensure neural network predictions satisfy the knowledge by refining the predictions with an extra computation step. We introduce differentiable refinement functions that find a corrected prediction close to the original prediction. We study how to effectively and efficiently compute these refinement functions. Using a new algorithm called iterative local refinement (ILR), we combine refinement functions to find refined predictions for logical formulas of any complexity. ILR finds refinements on complex SAT formulas in significantly fewer iterations and frequently finds solutions where gradient descent can not. Finally, ILR produces competitive results in the MNIST addition task.
Use of Cellular-Enabled Remote Patient Monitoring Device for Hypertension Management in Pregnant Women: A Feasibility Study
Authors: D. Jones Rebecca , Allison M. Kathryn , Moody Heather , Peng Cheng , Eswaran Hari 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Hypertension affects 5–10% of pregnancies in the United States. Chronic hypertension during pregnancy can have a significant impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes, especially in rural populations. Pregnancies complicated by hypertension are currently managed through frequent clinic visits or extended hospital stays. Cellular-enabled remote patient monitoring devices provide an alternative treatment method for women in rural areas.

Research Aim
This study aimed to measure the feasibility of and patient satisfaction with using an integrated model of cellular-enabled remote patient monitoring devices for blood pressure supported by a 24/7 nurse call center.

Methods
In a mixed methods pilot study, twelve women with chronic hypertension during pregnancy were given cellular-enabled BodyTrace™ blood pressure cuffs and weight scales. Participants’ blood pressures were continuously monitored by a nurse call center. Participants completed a survey and a brief semi-structured interview after two weeks.

Results
Participants scored low on stress and anxiety with mean scores of 5.45 (SD = 3.56) and 8.09 (SD 3.62), respectively. Participants scored high on behavioral intention, system usability, and perceived benefits with mean scores of 8.73 (SD = 2.53), 75.91 (SD = 23.70), and 19.64 (SD = 5.92), respectively. Participants perceived benefits to using the device, including increased monitoring by health professionals, increased self-awareness, decreased number of clinic visits, and convenience of use. Perceived disadvantages included higher readings when compared to clinical readings.

Discussion
Cellular-enabled remote patient monitoring devices for blood pressure are a valuable tool for managing treatment of pregnancies complicated by hypertension.
On the selection of a proper connection in describing the dynamics of constrained mechanical systems
Authors: Natsiavas S. , Passas P. , Tzaferis K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study is focused on a critical issue related to the direct and consistent application of Newton’s law of motion to a special but large class of mechanical systems, involving equality motion constraints. For these systems, it is advantageous to employ the general analytical dynamics framework, where their motion is represented by a curve on a non-flat configuration manifold. The geometric properties of this manifold, providing the information needed for setting up the equations of motion of the system examined, are fully determined by two mathematical entities. The first of them is the metric tensor, whose components at each point of the manifold are obtained by considering the kinetic energy of the system. The second geometric entity is known as the connection of the manifold. In dynamics, the components of the connection are established by using the set of the motion constraints imposed on the original system and provide the torsion and curvature properties of the manifold. Despite its critical role in the dynamics of constrained systems, the significance of the connection has not been investigated yet at a sufficient level in the current engineering literature. The main objective of the present work is to first provide a systematic way for selecting this geometric entity and then illustrate its role and importance in describing the dynamics of constrained systems.
Evolution of Multidimensional Poverty in Crisis-Ridden Mozambique
Authors: Egger Eva-Maria , Salvucci Vincenzo , Tarp Finn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMozambique experienced important reductions in the poverty rate until recently, before two major natural disasters hit, an armed insurgency stroke in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, and the country started suffering from a hidden debt crisis with associated economic slowdown. As the last available national household expenditure survey is from 2014/15, just before these crises started unfolding, there is need for a poverty assessment based on alternative data sources. We study the evolution of multidimensional poverty in Mozambique using survey data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Using both the standard Alkire–Foster multidimensional poverty index and the first-order dominance (FOD) method, we find that the multidimensional poverty reduction trend observed between 2009–11 and 2015 halted between 2015 and 2018. Meanwhile, the number of poor people increased, mainly in rural areas and in the central provinces. Importantly, the poorest provinces did not improve their rankings over time, and between 2015 and 2018, no progress took place for most areas and provinces, as measured by the FOD approach.
The fallow deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with two-pointed antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, a contemporary of humans with Acheulean technology
Authors: van der Made Jan , Rodríguez-Alba Juan José , Martos Juan Antonio , Gamarra Jesús , Rubio-Jara Susana , Panera Joaquín , Yravedra José 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We describe fossils of a new species of fallow deer, Dama celiae. It is the end member of the lineage Dama farnetensis–D. vallonnetensis–D. roberti–D. celiae, which reduced the number of points of the antler from four to two, while the parallel lineage leading to the living fallow deer evolved more complex and palmate antlers. The fossils are from localities Pedro Jaro I and Orcasitas in the + 25–30-m terrace of the Manzanares river, which is correlated to MIS9 (337–300 ka) and which also yielded fossils of Megaloceros matritensis, a recently named species, end member of a lineage that survived longer than previously believed. A younger terrace of the Manzanares yielded remains of Haploidoceros, a rare deer known from two older localities in southern France and one younger locality in Spain. So many rare deer species in this valley indicates either endemism and a very special environment or that the record of fossil deer is much less known than generally assumed. Until recently, the European Middle Pleistocene record of deer had only one middle-sized species at a time. Now, it appears that there were up to three contemporaneous species of the size of a fallow deer. Acheulean lithic assemblages have been documented from the same sites as Dama celiae. This species was contemporaneous to Neanderthals with Acheulean culture. Cut marks suggest that it was consumed by them and probably was hunted.
Examining how perceptions of ready children and diversity shape a teacher’s use of the funds of knowledge approach
Authors: Kim Jiwon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examined how and to what extent a prekindergarten teacher’s perceptions of ready children and diversity—which are influenced by broader societal culture—influence their abilities and ways of incorporating children’s funds of knowledge into their practice. The methodology used was based on a descriptive case study of a teacher, Linda, who participated in a two-year professional development (PD) program that focused on using funds of knowledge in culturally and developmentally responsive early mathematics pedagogy. How Linda incorporated children’s funds of knowledge when teaching mathematics was closely linked with her notions of the prototypical ready children and her essentialized understanding of culture and diversity. Findings suggest the importance of asset-oriented perspectives of each child and family and attention to cultural practices when learning funds of knowledge to raise teachers’ sensitivity toward and use of children’s funds of knowledge to enrich children’s learning.
More Bang for Your Buck: Best-Practice Recommendations for Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating Job Creation Studies
Authors: Bernal-Turnes Paloma , Ernst Ricardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the application of robust experimental research methodologies that help to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of the Theory of Change, for which training programs and/or matching grants improve job creation in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs and SMEs). The literature on both interventions, such as training and matching grants, recognizes methodological flaws that hamper achieving enough statistical evidence to test the aforementioned Theory of Change. A better understanding of the interventions and the mechanisms to create jobs has become critical to ensure the resurgence of the global economy after the COVID-19 pandemic and to face the threat of the upcoming industrial revolution. This paper proposes seven methodological meliorations in impact evaluation that will help to set improvements alongside the full process of a project: designing superior policies and programs, implementing projects, supporting the finer assessment of interventions, and establishing the subsequent advancement of science in testing solutions for job creation.