bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOCOMOTOR DISABILITY AMONG ADULT POPULATION OF A NORTH INDIAN DISTRICT: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Jain Shankul , Khalique Najam , Ahmad Sameena , Khan Mohd Najmul Aqib , Maroof Mohd , Shah Mohammad Salman 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Disability, which has been deemed as a significant public health problem in our country, in any form, be it correctable or not, tends to hamper the day to day life of the affected person. It affects their personal as well as professional life to a great extent, and creates a lack of confidence and difficulty in social interactions. To assess the burden of locomotor disability, its socio-demographic correlates, and suggest measures to improve the life of people with disability. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, conducted in areas under the rural and urban health training centers, using a pretested and validated questionnaire along with appropriate examination of the involved system. A total of 900 individuals were included. The study duration was July 2017 to June 2018. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The total prevalence of disability (of any type) contributed to 13.6% while locomotor disability was found to be 4.44% in the study population. Significant association of locomotor disability was observed with age, gender, marital status and occupation (p <0.05). Conclusion: Availability and accessibility of rehabilitation centers at the peripheral areas, along with creating community awareness towards it, may prove to be a step in the right direction to alleviate the discomfort of the people living with disability.
Case Report : Cervical Cellular Angiofibroma
Authors: Hidayatullah Mohammad Syarif , Arifuddin Sharvianty , Rakhmah Nur 
Published: March 2023

Background: Cellular angiofibroma is a rare benign tumor in the distal genitalia introduced by Nucci et al in 1997 that can occur in both women and men with an age range of 46 – 54 years. In women it usually occurs in the vulva and vagina. These tumors are often diagnosed as Bartholin cysts, vulvar cysts, myomas, and unspecified complex tumors.
Objective: Report a case of cellular angiofibroma previously diagnosed with cervical myoma
Case: A 51-year-old female patient para 5 abortion 0 with complaints of lumps that have been felt to come in and out since 4 months but since 1 week it feels enlarged and cannot be inserted again, and diagnosed as cervical tumor. History of menopause since 1 year ago. The general condition of the patient is good with vital signs within normal limits. On physical examination of the abdomen, there was no tumor mass, tenderness or flux. On inspection, there was a reddish mass coming out of the vaginal introitus with some blackish necrotic appearance. On vaginal examination, a mass with a solid consistency was found with the impression of the cervix with a border of the tumor stalk that was not palpable. In this patient, Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingoophorectomy were performed and the tissue was examined for anatomical pathology with cervical angiofibroma results with non-specific chronic inflammation and atypical complex endometrial gland hyperplasia.
Conclusion : Cellular angiofibroma is a rare tumor that usually occur in the vulva and vagina, which is often diagnosed as Bartholin's cyst, vulvar cyst, myoma and unspecified complex tumor. Action in the form of total excision of tumor tissue gives a low recurrence.
Keywords : Cervical angiofibroma, cervical tumor
A State-Of-The-Art Methodology in Live Measuring of Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV)
Authors: Assem Ahmed , Ibrahim Ahmed Farid , Sinkey Matt , Johnston Tom , Marouf Shabnam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShale well performance depends mainly on stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) which is generated from the hydraulic fracture job. The hydraulic fracture requires a mixture of fluid and proppant per feet to increase well recovery factor. Production rate of shale wells is related to the stimulated rock volume during the fracture treatments. Horizontal well spacing and depletion also play a significant role in optimizing SRV for each well.This paper presents a method of improving and measuring SRV during a frac job by using neural network technology to guide frac operation in achieving the maximum SRV per injected fluid volume. Also, this technique can detect well-to-well interference, in case of a parent/child completion, and optimize frac hits. The guided system makes frac time more efficient and generates an efficient SRV with high connectivity to wellbore. The generated SRV per each stage is integrated with leak-off SRV to confirm the SRV volume and conductivity of each fracture system.Actual field cases from oil and gas shale frac data are presented with live measurements of SRV for each stage followed by leak-off connected stimulated surface volume. The new method demonstrates that this concept can be used to improve completion design, well spacing, and placement strategiesThe paper proposes a technology that will help shale producers optimize and measure SRV during frac operation without paying for or installing extra equipment after the pressure gauge.
Application of Geo-Engineering Integrated Technologies for Ultradeep Longmaxi Shale Gas Life Cycle Management, Sichuan Basin
Authors: Jiang LiWei , Zhao Chunduan , Peng Jun , Wang Lipeng , Liu Chenglin , Li Qingshan , Huang Yongjie , Cao Bowen , Tian Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA huge variation in well performance was observed in Longmaxi shale gas wells, in Yongchuan block, Sichuan Basin. The Longmaxi shale was buried deeper than 3500 m with complex structures, in-situ stress, and natural fracture corridors, which makes well performance very uncertain. Horizontal well length was greater than 2000 m and proppant intensity was higher than 3.5 t/m.To solve these challenges in an ultradeep shale gas play, a multidisciplinary and life cycle management strategy was proposed and practiced. Initially, geology and geophysics (G&G) work using seismic data revealed the exact geological structures with folds, faults, and natural fractures. Then the study turned to 3D high-resolution geological and geomechanics modeling to identify the sweet spots and high drilling and completion risks areas. With the deep G&G understanding, the well drilling and completion design were proposed, executed, and iterated by onsite diagnosis and support to place high-quality hydraulic fractures. Finally, the production strategy was optimized to keep the flow path undamaged during its life cycle.The detailed study and post-fracture well performance indicate that the successful ultradeep shale gas development in the Longmaxi in the Sichuan Basin relies on:Placing the wells where there are fewer faults but more natural fractures Identifying the stages with high screenout and casing failure risks, thereby levering the 3D G&G model Creating the completion design by considering the screenout and casing failure risks Executing the completion design successfully by onsite diagnosis and support, leveraging on the 3D G&G model, microseismic data, and treating pressure trend Enhancing the 3D model accuracy by iterations with observation data Minimizing the propped fracture damage by adjusting the choke size during the production phaseWith the high-resolution quality management on well drilling, completion, and production management, the well outperformed 100% more than the neighboring wells. The geoengineering integration values were highlighted in both the in-house study and field operations, and this strategy could be duplicated to other candidates approaching their drilling, completion, and production engineering's limits under complex geological conditions.
Child-Child Fracture Driven Interactions Analysis and their Application with Field Case Studies
Authors: Weimann Mauro Ivan , d'Huteau Yann Facundo , Paladino Cristian Abel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor unconventional shale reservoirs, understanding the relationship between well spacing, fracture dimensions and extensions are key components for achieve optimal oil and gas production without leaving undrained areas. The analysis of Fracture Driven Interactions (FDI) will contribute with this understanding. Pressure interference data, in a pad with several new wells (child-child) or between parent and child pads (parent-child), are obtained with gauges connected at the wellheads that record pressure continuously, while the sequence of hydraulic stimulations is carried out.Following the development of unconventional fields in Argentina, this type of information has been acquired more frequently and has become more relevant for the characterization of the different subsurface effects going on between adjacent wells (parent and child-child) during fracturing.These pressure connections between active and passive wells are not necessarily negative, and a certain level of communication may be desired since the total absence of interaction could be interpreted as volumes of rock unstimulated and, therefore, unproduced. Part of the initial process described in this work involves the steps to collect and process, simply and efficiently, all the child-child interaction data; to generate a reliable database that can be analyzed and integrated with other field observations.In this work, we present case studies where the child-child FDI data were analyzed using different tools, with the main objective of characterizing the hydraulic fractures generated with different stimulation designs and understanding their relationship with the vertical (different landing) and horizontal (same landing) spacing. Also, we present cases showing examples where child-child interferences are integrated with other field data acquisition (chemical tracers, microseismic, etc.) to improve and complement the understanding of the subsurface effects occurring during hydraulic fracturing operations.Finally, the main conclusions are:Stronger interferences were detected between wells located in the same landing zone, and vertical interactions tended to be weaker. The depletion regions from parent wells have an influence on the FDI responses between child wells. The "parent-child" condition produced irregular responses on the child-child FDI that are interpreted to be associated with possible asymmetrical growth of the fracture lengths. Fluid volume per cluster (fracture design parameter) shows a relevant impact on the child-child FDI responses, demonstrating that this variable is an important driver for these interferences. Cocina wells tend to have more and stronger interactions (longer fracture lateral growth or more interconnection among natural fractures) that the Lower Organic ones. Data integration between child-child FDI and other data acquisitions (e.g., chemical tracer and microseismic) helps to understand and conclude about subsurface characteristics.
Pre-Operational Environmental Baseline in a Tight Gas Reservoir: Hydrochemical Assessment and GeoChemical Background of Surface Water in São Francisco Basin (Brazil)
Authors: Lima Gustavo Filemon Costa , Lima Jussara Da Silva Diniz , Duarte Joyce Castro de Menezes , Ferreira Vinícius Gonçalves , Filho Carlos Alberto De Carvalho , Dufilho Ana Cecília , Moreira Rubens Martins , Ciminelli Renato Ribeiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe definition of a predominant geogenic source of ions and its respective background ranges are powerful tools for detecting contaminations coming from the unconventional gas industry at earlier stages. Reference data to compare pre- vs post-drilling may enforce the planning, monitoring, and management in favor of unconventional production sustainability in the long-term. In 2022, the Brazilian Government launched a pilot project named "Transparent well" for public consultation, intending to foment its incipient unconventional hydrocarbon industry. In this context, this study presents preliminary results to compound an environmental baseline to structure reference data about water resources in a pre-drilling scenario. Then, a characterization of surface water and a geochemical background proposal of Indaiá and Borrachudo basins, two potential tight gas plays inside the São Francisco Basin, was performed to understand hydrochemical processes and susceptibilities previously the unconventional industry development. Two sampling campaigns collecting 13 samples each were made to characterize the study area in two different scenarios. Chemical analysis was performed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry. To settle a hydrochemical background and its respective environmental thresholds, the ±2 Median Absolute Deviation method was applied. Piper and Chadha's diagrams were used to define water-type and the major cations/anions dynamics in the environment. Piper diagram shows three distinct predominant water-type in the study area, Group 1 (Ca-Mg-HCO3-type); Group 2(Na-K-Ca-HCO3-type); and Group 3 (Ca-Na-HCO3-type). Groups 1 and 2 reflect a geological control in the hydrochemistry due to an interaction between the surface water and interlayered strata of Carbonates and Siltstones from the Bambuí Group whereas Group 3 suggest a seasonal influences in water chemistry. Background values and Upper/Lower environmental thresholds for nineteen elements in two different seasons were also proposed for the study area. Reference data to compare pre- vs post-drilling may enforce the planning, monitoring, and management in favor of unconventional production sustainability in the long-term. Environmental baselines focused on water resources may be a key to the responsible development of the incipient unconventional gas industry in Brazil.
Vaca Muerta: Naturally Fractured and Oil-Wet Shale Characteristics Revealed by Water Saturation (Sw) Modeling Using Archie's Equation and Pickett Plot
Authors: Abd Karim Rahimah , Aguilera Roberto , Bernhardt Carolina , Bouhier Julia Elena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSw modeling in Vaca Muerta using ‘resistivity-based’ methods has been recognized as challenging due to the complex mineralogical and depositional settings of Vaca Muerta. Consequently, ‘resistivity-free’ methods are commonly preferable. In this study, Sw modeling using Archie's equation (1942) and Pickett plots (1966, 1973) have been used with the inclusion of thin bed heterogeneity. Despite the complexity, the analysis reveals the variability of both naturally fractured and oil-wet shale characteristics of Vaca Muerta.Several published studies have used Archie's equation to model Sw in Vaca Muerta, but often assumed that the porosity exponent, m is equal to the water saturation exponent, n. In this study, a new approach is presented using Archie's equation, but this time with the m and n being determined from Pickett plots for each stratigraphic unit. Although this method is simple, no such application has been published for the studied area. This technique is very powerful as it helps to relate the vertical variation of m and n to the complex pore system and wettability characteristics in Vaca Muerta.The Sw analysis using Archie's equation and Pickett plots shows vertical variability in m and n values in each stratigraphic unit of a vertical well. The decreasing m and increasing n values with depth are corroborated by the increasing natural fractures intensity and oil wettability towards the Lower Vaca Muerta (LVM), as indicated by the cuttings descriptions, micro-resistivity images and a published Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study. Better reservoir quality lies in the deeper section, especially the LVM with lower Sw, higher Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and porosity. The organic rich unit also has a higher intensity of thin bed heterogeneity, which comprises bedding parallel calcite-filled microfractures (beef), ash beds and calcite nodules. This emphasizes the criticality of including them in petrophysical evaluation. The most pronounced effect of thin bed heterogeneity is on the resistivity log. Despite the complexity, the modelled Sw matches well the Sw determined from retort and Dean Stark measurements. This shows that resistivity and porosity-based techniques, such as Archie's equation and Pickett plots are applicable in the complex Vaca Muerta shale.Through analysis of Sw modeling using Archie's equation and Pickett plot, the variability of naturally fractured and oil-wet shale characteristics are revealed in each stratigraphic unit of a vertical well in Vaca Muerta. Despite its complexity, the analysis also includes, for the first time, thin bed heterogeneity. These challenges do not hinder the application of the above resistivity and porosity-based techniques which are proven to be powerful tools for characterizing the complex Vaca Muerta shale.
Increasing Infill Recovery by Drilling Extended Lateral Wells in Vaca Muerta Unconventional Reservoir
Authors: Calegari Nicolas , Vera Leonel , Bahl Cristian , Aparicio Tarcisio , Cabanilla Jhonny 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Vaca Muerta is main UCR in Argentina and most of the concessions in country, drill horizontal wells with lateral lengths (landing point to well TD) of 2500-2800 m. Loma Campana Project developed strategy to develop complex areas by changing well architecture and methodology to drill wells with lateral lengths &gt;4000 m. The team evaluated the feasibility of the project by generating potential well scenarios, prepared specific procedures and documentation during the Planning Phase and defined the Engineering and tools required to drill. Team executed pilot wells and immediately optimized results to massify development with new architecture.
Synergistic Hydrate Inhibition by Red Seaweed Extract K-Carrageenan With Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors
Authors: Singh Ankur , Suri Ajay , Mamani Eduardo Edmundo , Mishra Akshay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe synergy between a plant-based polysaccharide k-carrageenan (k-crgn and two well-known kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs), polyvinyl caprolactam (PVCap) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), is investigated, to achieve a higher hydrate inhibition performance. The effectiveness of the hydrate inhibition is assessed by measuring the induction time (IT) required for hydrate formation and by the growth rate of the hydrate plugs after nucleation. Hydrate formation tests are conducted using a constant cooling rate of 1°C/h. Experimental results of PVP and PVCap at 0.5 wt% are compared with solutions of 0.25 wt% KHIs (PVP or PVCap) blended with 0.25 wt% k-crgn to keep the equal total inhibitor concentration for a fair comparison. Results indicated that the blended mixtures (k-crgn + KHI) have higher induction times by 20–35% and up to 90% lower hydrate growth rates when compared to the IT and growth rates of PVP and PVCap. This suggests k-crgn to be an excellent hydrate inhibitor synergist to PVP and PVCap and possibly to the other commercial hydrate inhibitors.
Gas Lift Optimization in Unconventional Wells – Vaca Muerta Case Study
Authors: Masud Luciana , Cortez Verónica Lorena , Ottulich Mario Antonio , Valderrama María Paz , Ghilardi Julia , Sanchez Graff Leonardo Andres , Biondi José , Sapag Fernando 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGas lift was the selected artificial lift system for Vaca Muerta formation in the Bajada del Palo Oeste field, a shale oil reservoir in Argentina. At an early stage, the main goal was to successfully overcome the design challenge of facilities and downhole installation for wells with very wide and constantly changing liquid production ranges. At a later stage, to establish an optimization methodology that could be updated at a rate comparable to production changes.Several projects were implemented for optimizing the gas lift field.First, work was oriented toward improving the prevention and mitigation of wax deposition. Several chemicals were tested and tried different ways of injecting them into the system, via capillary string and gas lift. For each stage of production, alternative treatments were determined, and wax deposition was controlled and mitigated.The need for slickline interventions was reduced by running wellbore completion with IPO valves installed instead of dummy valves. Also, efficiency was improved by changing the slickline unit to a faster one and by strategically scheduling the unit to synergize with other needs.For the optimization of gas injection, the conventional methodology of building a performance curve was used as the first option. It was found that this methodology would be useful for wells where the flow pattern remains stable or pseudo-stable, but in the case of unconventional wells, was not the best methodology to optimize the field. Optimization Curves were not concluding. Wells took so long to stabilize, that the production decline affected the results.That's when the AI-based model became relevant. In addition to global field optimization, gas optimization should be at the PAD level, not only at the well level.This paper describes the drawbacks of trying to optimize an unconventional gas lift field with traditional methodologies, and the search for innovative ways to achieve it. Finally, to share a vision of what we believe should be the state of the art of an unconventional gas lift operation: an intelligent artificial field that is fully instrumented and monitored.
Optimization of Drilling Parameters During Drilling with Casing in Unconventionals
Authors: Bahl Cristian , Martín Rodrigo , Muzzio Juan , Codega Darío , Rebasa Nicolás , Mercado Federico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrilling with Casing (DWC) has been used in over 2200 strings in the last 10 years in Argentina and Bolivia. More than 1400 of the total strings were for surface casing applications.In Argentina and Bolivia, drilling with casing has been used extensively in mature fields and shale applications. In all the cases, the objective was to reduce cost and improve efficiency during drilling. However the drivers where not always identical, in some cases the technology aimed to overcome drilling difficulties as wellbore stability and circulation losses; in others reduce drilling time and increase efficiency.The objective of this paper is to present the approach taken for the optimization of drilling parameters and reliability of the Drilling with Casing operation in the 13 3/8" sections of Vaca Muerta. A detailed and engineered path followed since the beginning of this initiative shows steps taken in the casing string design to minimize the possibility of failures and at the same time allow for an increased Rate of Penetration, contributing to well optimization by reducing drilling times and risks.YPF has standardized DwC for surface section (9 5/8") of their slim wells in Vaca Muerta, and has begun to extend this application to robust design wells with 13 3/8" surface casing sections.DwC operations with 13 3/8" started successfully in two wells in La Amarga Chica field. However, two consecutive failures occurred later in Las Cavernas field, creating uncertainty on the method. This led to a reevaluation of the technology and the need of looking for alternative solutions, such as the strengthening of the BHA with thicker pipes to prevent casing buckling and fatigue. This includes the possibility of considering hardfacing centralization to increase the stiffness of the string.These actions were implemented for the following DwC operations in 13 3/8" in La Amarga Chica. In addition the Shoe Track was eliminated, resulting a successful initiative, but with opportunities of improvement in terms of optimization of drilling parameters.In the subsequent 13 3/8" DwC jobs of Loma La Lata and Las Cavernas fields, the dynamics of the drilling procees where monitored by means of the measuring device coupled with a visualization tool developed for this purpose.