bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal tree-roosting by Eastern Horseshoe Bats Rhinolophus megaphyllus
Authors: Slade Christopher P. , Power David M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Eastern Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus megaphyllus is known to roost in caves, disused mines, tunnels and old buildings. Other tropical Rhinolophus species are reported to use tree roosts, but this has not been reported for R. megaphyllus. We describe the features of a R. megaphyllus tree roost identified on the mid north coast of NSW. The tree was monitored over a 10-year period before the tree's collapse during the 2019/2020 wildfires. The tree was not observed to be used in the maternity season. The discovery highlights the potential importance of hollow trees as habitat for species not previously recorded as using tree roosts. In addition, the discovery further identifies the need for consideration of changing fire management with the onset of warming and drying as part of climate change. Prevention of future conflagrations, as was witnessed during 2019/2020 fire season, should consider a range of options to help prevent the loss of valuable hollow-bearing habitat trees.
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Lumbar Disc Herniation in UKI General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Wibhawa Patria Adri , Yudawijaya Agus , Wairisal Aldo Vivavaldi 
Published: May 2023

Background: Nucleus Pulposus Herniation (NPH) is a disease in which the annulus fibrosus ruptures, causing the nucleus pulposus to protrude or bulge and press against the spinal canal, causing sciatic pain. One of the risk factors for Nucleus pulposus herniation was Body Mass Index (BMI).
Objective: This study aim the relationship between BMI and the incidence of Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) patients at UKI General Hospital from January to June 2020.
Methods: The subjects of the study were 24 patients with lumbar disc herniation who were treated at UKI General Hospital from January to June 2020 that were taken from medical records.
Results: 63 samples were analyzed that obtained 24 (38.0%) patients with lumbar disc herniation, and patients with lumbar disc herniation with BMI ≥ 23 as many as 18 subjects (75.0%).
Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between BMI and LDH patients at UKI General Hospital.
Risk of Parkinson Disease Among Service Members at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
Authors: Goldman Samuel M. , Weaver Frances M. , Stroupe Kevin T. , Cao Lishan , Gonzalez Beverly , Colletta Kalea , Brown Ethan G. , Tanner Caroline M. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceAn increased risk of Parkinson disease (PD) has been associated with exposure to the solvent trichloroethylene (TCE), but data are limited. Millions of people in the US and worldwide are exposed to TCE in air, food, and water.ObjectiveTo test whether the risk of PD is higher in veterans who served at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, whose water supply was contaminated with TCE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), compared with veterans who did not serve on that base.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study examined the risk for PD among all Marines and Navy personnel who resided at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina (contaminated water) (n = 172 128), or Camp Pendleton, California (uncontaminated water) (n = 168 361), for at least 3 months between 1975 and 1985, with follow-up from January 1, 1997, until February 17, 2021. Veterans Health Administration and Medicare databases were searched forInternational Classification of Diseasesdiagnostic codes for PD or other forms of parkinsonism and related medications and for diagnostic codes indicative of prodromal disease. Parkinson disease diagnoses were confirmed by medical record review.ExposuresWater supplies at Camp Lejeune were contaminated with several VOCs. Levels were highest for TCE, with monthly median values greater than 70-fold the permissible amount.Main Outcome and MeasuresRisk of PD in former residents of Camp Lejeune relative to residents of Camp Pendleton. In those without PD or another form of parkinsonism, the risk of being diagnosed with features of prodromal PD were assessed individually and cumulatively using likelihood ratio tests.ResultsHealth data were available for 158 122 veterans (46.4%). Demographic characteristics were similar between Camp Lejeune (5.3% women, 94.7% men; mean [SD] attained age of 59.64 [4.43] years; 29.7% Black, 6.0% Hispanic, 67.6% White; and 2.7% other race and ethnicity) and Camp Pendleton (3.8% women, 96.2% men; mean [SD] age, 59.80 [4.62] years; 23.4% Black, 9.4% Hispanic, 71.1% White, and 5.5% other race and ethnicity). A total of 430 veterans had PD, with 279 from Camp Lejeune (prevalence, 0.33%) and 151 from Camp Pendleton (prevalence, 0.21%). In multivariable models, Camp Lejeune veterans had a 70% higher risk of PD (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.39-2.07;P &amp;lt; .001). No excess risk was found for other forms of neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Camp Lejeune veterans also had a significantly increased risk of prodromal PD diagnoses, including tremor, anxiety, and erectile dysfunction, and higher cumulative prodromal risk scores.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study’s findings suggest that the risk of PD is higher in persons exposed to TCE and other VOCs in water 4 decades ago. Millions worldwide have been and continue to be exposed to this ubiquitous environmental contaminant.
Hypoxia‐Responsive Nanoscale Coordination Polymer Enhances the Crosstalk Between Ferroptosis and Immunotherapy
Authors: Cai Chengyuan , Zhu Junqiao , Huang Xiaobin , Xu Changda , Wang Zhenyu , You Tingting , Wang Xiao , Xiao Jisheng , Duan Xiaopin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) severely limits the clinical applications of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a hypoxia‐responsive delivery system is constructed simply by coordinating ferric (Fe3+) with mitoxantrone (MTO), sulfasalazine (SAS), and hypoxia‐sensitive dopamine derivative of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using “one‐pot” reaction for the “closed‐loop” synergistic enhancement of ferroptosis and immunotherapy. Hypoxia‐sensitive PEG ensures the integrity of delivery system in circulation to prevent the premature leakage of drugs, and the detachment of PEG in the interior hypoxic TME can facilitate the deep penetration and the subsequent tumor uptake. The released iron and MTO induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while SAS inhibits the elimination of lipid peroxides by inhibiting SLC7A11 subunit of glutamate‐cystine antiporter, which synergistically induces immunogenic ferroptosis to promote dendritic cells maturation and T cells activation. The activated CD8+ T cells then release interferon γ (IFN‐γ) and in turn enhance ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of SLC7A11. As a result, the “closed‐loop” synergistic enhancement between ferroptosis and immunotherapy significantly prevents tumor growth and prolonged survival time of tumor‐bearing mice with no obvious systemic toxicity. The excellent therapeutic effect together with the scalable synthesis and controllable quality will promise its translation to clinic as a novel immunotherapy.
Advances and Prospects in Improving the Utilization Efficiency of Lithium for High Energy Density Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Yuhao , Zhou Jinqiu , Wang Zhenkang , Zhu Peng , Cao Yufeng , Zheng Yiwei , Zhou Xi , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries have attracted much attention in the field like portable devices and electronic vehicles. Due to growing demands of energy storage systems, lithium metal batteries with higher energy density are promising candidates to replace lithium‐ion batteries. However, using excess amounts of lithium can lower the energy density and cause safety risks. To solve these problems, it is crucial to use limited amount of lithium in lithium metal batteries to achieve higher utilization efficiency of lithium, higher energy density, and higher safety. The main reasons for the loss of active lithium are the side reactions between electrolyte and electrode, growth of lithium dendrites, and the volume change of electrode materials during the charge and discharge process. Based on these issues, much effort have been put to improve the utilization efficiency of lithium such as mitigating the side reactions, guiding the uniform lithium deposition, and increasing the adhesion between electrolyte and electrode. In this review, strategies for high utilization efficiency of lithium are presented. Moreover, the remaining challenges and the future perspectives on improving the utilization of lithium are also outlined.
A Magnetic Binder‐Linked Air Electrode with Anti‐Pulverization Behavior for Rechargeable and Recyclable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Sun Zhenyu , Ding Yi , Wang Cuie , Mao Peng , Wang Beibei , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Liao Kaiming , Shao Zongping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe increasing demand for energy, coupled with the continuing deterioration of the environment, has heightened people's desire for renewable energy storage technologies, such as rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). However, the race for the developing ZABs usually focuses on the search for new materials, with less emphasis on electrode engineering and recycling. Herein, for the first time, a simple, scalable, and inexpensive electrode engineering and recycling strategy for ZABs is proposed based on the magnetic binder engineering of the cobalt‐implanted electrocatalysts. By manipulating the electrode with magnets, the ZAB can cycle for 1200 h (7200 cycles), and its anti‐pulverization behavior is revealed through in situ observation of a visual cell with an air electrode in the charged state. Moreover, the cobalt‐implanted electrocatalysts can be recycled from the spent ZABs using a magnetic force‐separation method. Additionally, the ZAB with the recycled electrocatalyst exhibits considerably prolonged cycling stability for over 500 h (ΔE = 0.86 V). This study not only enables the design of magnetic force‐engineered electrodes with improved battery performance but also provides sustainable solutions for recycling electrocatalysts for many possible applications beyond ZABs.
Efficient Synergism of Chemisorption and Wackenroder Reaction via Heterostructured La2O3‐Ti3C2Tx ‐Embedded Carbon Nanofiber for High‐Energy Lithium‐Sulfur Pouch Cells
Authors: Huang Zimo , Zhu Yuxuan , Kong Yang , Wang Zhixin , He Kelin , Qin Jiadong , Zhang Qitao , Su Chenliang , Zhong Yu Lin , Chen Hao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have been regarded as promising next‐generation energy storage systems due to their high energy density and low cost, but their practical application is hindered by inferior long‐cycle stability caused by the severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish reaction kinetics. This study reports a La2O3‐MXene heterostructure embedded in carbon nanofiber (CNF) (denoted as La2O3‐MXene@CNF) as a sulfur (S) host to address the above issues. The unique features of this heterostructure endow the sulfur host with synergistic catalysis during the charging and discharging processes. The strong adsorption ability provided by the La2O3 domain can capture sufficient LiPSs for the subsequent catalytic conversion, and the insoluble thiosulfate intermediate produced by hydroxyl terminal groups on the surface of MXene greatly promotes the rapid conversion of LiPSs to Li2S via a “Wackenroder reaction.” Therefore, the S cathode with La2O3‐MXene@CNF (La2O3‐MXene@CNF/S) exhibits excellent cycling stability with a low capacity fading rate of 0.031% over 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 857.9 mAh g−1 under extremely high sulfur loadings. Furthermore, a 5 Ah‐level pouch cell is successfully assembled for stable cycling, which delivers a high specific energy of 341.6 Wh kg−1 with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S ratio).
Ultra‐Robust and Sensitive Flexible Strain Sensor for Real‐Time and Wearable Sign Language Translation
Authors: Wu Xuping , Luo Xuemei , Song Zhuman , Bai Yaoyao , Zhang Bin , Zhang Guangping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and high mechanical robustness are highly desirable for their accurate and long‐term reliable service in wearable human‐machine interfaces. However, the current application of flexible strain sensors has to face a trade‐off between high sensitivity and high mechanical robustness. The most representative examples are micro/nano crack‐based sensors and serpentine meander‐based sensors. The former one typically shows high sensitivity but limited robustness, while the latter is on the contrary. Herein, ultra‐robust and sensitive flexible strain sensors are developed by crack‐like pathway customization and ingenious modulation of low/high‐resistance regions on a serpentine meander structure. The sensors show high cyclic stability (10 000 cycles), strong tolerance to harsh environments, high gauge factor (>1000) comparable with that of the crack‐based sensor, and fast response time (<58 ms). Finally, the sensors are integrated into a wearable sign language translation system, which is wireless, low‐cost, and lightweight. Recognition rates of over 98% are demonstrated for the translation of 21 sign languages with the assistance of machine learning. This system facilitates achieving barrier‐free communication between signers and nonsigners and offers broad application prospects in gesture interaction.
Bright Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Well‐Modified Carbon Dots by Designing Co‐Host Systems to Balance Carriers’ Injection
Authors: Zhang Danyang , Wang Jingyu , Yin Jiaxuan , Ren Guozhu , Wu Ruixia , Li Xiaofang , Tian Long , Zhou Liang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLeveraging bright and stable carbon dots (CDs) for blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is a prospective but challenging topic. Aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) of CDs and device engineering of CDs‐LEDs are two issues. Here, blue CDs with quantum yield of 59.75% are synthesized. Hydrogen bonds increase rigidity and facilitate luminescence, while polymer chains increase spatial resistance and resist ACQ. Then, solution‐processed blue CDs‐LEDs are assembled by blending CDs into poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as light‐emitting layer (EML). Furthermore, several other materials are also employed as the second host to reduce injection barrier, facilitate carriers’ transport, and balance carriers’ distribution. In particular, the blue CDs‐LED based on the co‐host system of PVK and 4‐[1‐[4‐[bis(4‐methylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexyl]‐N‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐N‐(4‐methylphenyl)benzenamine (TAPC) achieves a maximum brightness up to 827.60 cd m−2. This work is a step forward for applying CDs in LEDs.
Multimodal Wrinkle Micro‐Nanoarchitectonics by Patterned Surface Material Properties for Transformative Structural Coloration
Authors: Park Jun Gyu , Jeong Yeong Hoon , Ji Sungjoon , Bae Juyeol , Zhou Qitao , Kim Taesung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen an external stimulus is used to generate nanoscale wrinkles on the ductile top surface of a multilayered substrate, the geometrical and optical features are known to be controlled by the material and structural properties of the laminated film. Herein, a thin tri‐layer film is fabricated that can generate various wrinkles on transparent and flexible films in the presence of external mechanical bending. In particular, the wavelength of the wrinkles is shown to be controllable on the tens of nanometers scale by modulating the material properties of each layer. This active modulation plays a critical role in determining the resulting structural color spectra. In other words, the wrinkles function as a diffraction grating so that the film displays bright structural colors under bending conditions. After the bending stress is released, the wrinkles disappear, and the film returns to its transparent state. Finally, the remarkable potential of the material and structural patterning technique is demonstrated for structural coloration applications such as multimodal displays and novel barcode‐based anti‐counterfeiting.
Smart Wood Dual‐Action Off/On Versatile Switches Based On Highly Sensitive Electrical And Electromagnetic Mechanosensing Performances
Authors: Hu Ke , Zhang Jiayi , Lan Zhuyue , Meng Qingyu , Shi Shitao , Zhang Yunfei , Lei Yu , Sun Qingfeng , Shen Xiaoping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSmart electromagnetic (EM) functional materials that can arbitrarily utilize EM energy and reduce EM pollution are attractive for future EM devices in an information society; however, studies on precise EM interference (EMI) shielding and sensing are rare. In this work, dual‐action electrical and EM‐responsive mechanoreceptors are prepared from electrically conductive polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticle (NP)‐infiltrated anisotropic wood (PW) aerogels. The prepared PW aerogels are composed of curved stacked layers of aligned cellulose nanofibers, and can be reversibly condensed and reconstructed for conductive network control during cyclic compression. These PW aerogels can withstand up to 74% compressive strain in a tangential direction and exhibit pressing‐enhanced electrical conductivity and polarization loss. The piezoresistive gauge factor (GF) and linearity of the PW aerogels can be adjusted by varying the PPy deposition time, leading to varying GF values in the range of 1.87–4.62. During mechanosensing based on EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), rapid off/on switching between the EM wave transmission and shielding is achieved when the SE varies above and below the effective EMI shielding area (>20 dB) through continuous compression. Such dual‐action electrical/EM off/on wood aerogel switches provide opportunities for the development of advanced smart devices from biomass resources.
Temporal changes in soil profile chemical properties in an 18‐year grassland restoration in the US Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain
Authors: Sherman Leslie A. , Brye Kristofor R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany grassland restorations have been established in the United States over the past few decades, as native tallgrass prairies have often been converted to agriculture. However, only a few of the restorations have been initiated on the east coast of the United States. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the short‐ (∼3.5 years) and long‐term (∼15 years) changes in soil chemical properties among soil depths in a grassland restoration initiated in 1999 on previously cultivated, highly weathered soils of the Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain. Soil was collected in 2006 and 2018 to a depth of 20 cm and sectioned into 2.5 or 5 cm depth intervals and compared to pre‐burn conditions from 2003. Soil pH was 0.2 to 0.3 pH units lower in the 2.5–20 cm depth interval in 2018 compared to 2003. Extractable soil calcium was 25% lower and magnesium was 35% lower in the 2.5–5.0 and 2.5–20 cm depth intervals, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2003. Total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) were greater in the 2.5–5.0 and 2.5–10‐cm depths, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2003. Measured soil carbon (C) and nitrogen sequestration rates were 82 g TC m−2 year−1 and 0.27 g TN m−2 year−1 in the top 20 cm of soil. Grassland restorations contribute ecosystem services, including soil C sequestration; however, land managers may need to consider adding lime to grassland restorations on nutrient‐poor soils that are naturally acidic or have become acidified over time if the land is returned to agricultural production.
Quantification of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype proteins in the vaginal secretions of pre‐ and postmenopausal women with and without prolapse
Authors: Sawyer Polina , Shi Haolin , Keller Patrick , Brown Steven , Florian‐Rodriguez Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesCellular senescence has been proposed as a pathophysiologic driver in the development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), especially during aging. In this study, we aimed to determine if markers of cell senescence can be quantified from vaginal secretions collected from pre‐ and postmenopausal women with and without POP.MethodsVaginal swabs were collected from 81 women in four groups: premenopausal with (pre‐P) and without prolapse (pre‐NP), and postmenopausal with (post‐P) and without prolapse (post‐NP). Multiplex immunoassays (MagPix) were then used to detect and quantify the presence of 10 SASP proteins in vaginal secretions.ResultsThe total protein concentration of vaginal secretions differed significantly among the four groups (P = 0.003) with highest mean concentrations in pre‐P [16, interquartile range (IQR) = 4.6, 38.3 μg/μL] and lowest mean concentrations in post‐P (4.4, IQR = 2.6, 7 μg/μL). The normalized concentrations of several SASP markers differed significantly among groups, with the highest concentrations being seen in the post‐P group, and the lowest concentrations being in the pre‐NP group. Using these key markers, we then constructed receiver‐operator curves to determine the relative sensitivity and specificity of these markers in predicting prolapse.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that SASP proteins can be detected and quantified in vaginal secretions. Several of these markers were differentially expressed among the four groups studied, with the highest normalized concentrations of SASP markers found among postmenopausal women with prolapse. Overall, the data support the theory that senescence is associated with prolapse during aging but that other factors may be important in younger women who develop POP before menopause.
Design and screening of zwitterionic polymer scaffolds for rapid underwater adhesion and long‐term antifouling stability
Authors: Zhang Zekai , Han Xia , Gong Wei , Huang Kai , Li Jia‐hui , Chen Xueqian , Lian Cheng , Liu Honglai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs key components of antifouling material surfaces, the design and screening of polymer molecules grafted on the substrate are critical. However, current experimental and computational models still retain an empirical flavor due to the complex structure of polymers. Here, we report a simple and general strategy that enables multiscale design and screening of easily synthesized functional polymer molecules to address this challenge. Specifically, the required functions of the antifouling material are decomposed and assigned to different modules of the polymer molecules. By designing different modules, a novel bio‐inspired polymer with three zwitterionic poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) chains, three catechol (DOPA) anchors (tri‐DOPA‐PSBMA), and a tris(2‐aminoethyl) amine (TREN) scaffold were screened out. Moreover, it was successfully synthesized via an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The excellent performance of tri‐DOPA‐PSBMA with a versatile and convenient grafting strategy makes it a promising material for marine devices, biomedical devices, and industrial applications.