bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: A FEW ISSUES REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE LEGAL STATUS AND THE NORMATIVE REGULATION OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS' ACTIVITIES
Authors: Смирнов С.Н. 
Published: July 2023

Объектом исследования является процесс изменения роли негосударственных организаций в контексте изменения системы правовых статусов человека в Российской империи во второй половине XIX в. Цель исследования заключается в том, чтобы изучить нормативноправовую сторону происходивших в России в рассматриваемый исторический период изменений системы правовых статусов человека и нормативной основы создания и деятельности негосударственных организаций, в т.ч. в контексте установления взаимосвязи между указанными процессами. Показывается взаимосвязь изменений нормативной базы деятельности негосударственных организаций и изменений социально-правовой организации страны. Сделан вывод о том, что в результате государственных мер в стране фактически сложилась система государственно-частного партнерства в нескольких важных для страны сферах.
The object of the study is to consider how non-governmental organizations changed their function as the Russian Empire's legal status system for a person evolved in the latter half of the 19th century. The purpose of this research is to consider the regulatory and legal aspects of the changes to Russia's system of legal statuses for individuals and the regulatory framework for the establishment and operations of non-governmental organizations during the historical period under consideration, including the interrelation between these processes. The article illustrates the connections between adjustments to the nation's social and legal system and the legal framework regulating nongovernmental organizations' activities. It is concluded that as a result of government initiatives, a system of public-private partnerships has truly emerged in a number of crucial areas for the nation.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM MERDEKA BELAJAR KAMPUS MERDEKA DI UNIVERSITAS PGRI SEMARANG TAHUN 2020-2021: PERMASALAHAN DAN SOLUSI
Authors: Ardini Sukma Nur , Jayanti Ida Dwi , Ulfah Maria , Saputro Bagus Ardi 
Published: July 2023

Program MBKM diluncurkan sebagai bentuk tuntutan jaman agar mahasiswa memiliki kebebasan belajar di luar kelas dan mengeksplorasi potensi diri guna menghadapi tantangan dunia kerja yang semakin kompetitif. Maka, mengetahui permasalahan dan solusi dari implementasi program MBKM di Universitas PGRI Semarang (UPGRIS) dari tahun 2020 sampai dengan tahun 2021 menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini yang melibatkan 5.480 responden mahasiswa, 227 responden dosen dan 70 responden tenaga kependidikan sebagai sampel penelitian. Sampel tersebut meliputi SDM tingkat perguruan tinggi, SDM tingkat fakultas, dan SDM tingkat program studi. Desain penelitian ini adalah mixed-method. Data penelitian diperoleh dari instrumen yang didistribusikan melalui SiMekar UPGRIS dan dianalisa menggunakan SPSS untuk memperoleh data kuantitatif dan analisa deskriptif untuk data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini meliputi program apa saja yang diperoleh UPGRIS tahun 2020-2021 dan bagaimana implementasi program tersebut. Deskripsi data implementasi berdasarkan 3 SDM sasaran yaitu dosen, tenaga kependidikan, dan mahasiswa. Tahun 2020, UPGRIS mengawali perolehan bantuan pendaanaan hibah Kerjasama Kurikulum MBKMpada 5 Program Studi. Sepanjang tahun 2021 mendapatkan hibah pendanaan penunjang MBKM sebanyak 11 jenis program. Dengan bervariasinya program MBKM yang diperoleh UPGRIS, tentunya masih banyak kekurangan yang masih perlu peningkatan. Maka, saran yang dapat diberikan oleh peneliti adalah berbagai program bantuan pendanaan MBKM Tahun 2022 dapat dipertahankan keberadaannya dengan peningkatan kesempatan keterlibatan mahasiswa, dosen dan tenaga kependidikan. Hal ini merujuk pada salah satu kendala yaitusebagian besar responden (dosen, tenaga kependidikan, dan mahasiswa) yang belum mengikuti program MBKM.Selain itu, perlu adanya kegiatan pengembangan SDM tenaga kependidikan untuk mendukung penyelenggaraan program MBKM.Kata kunci: implementasi, MBKM, permasalahan, solusi
Challenges Related to the Postulates of Students Towards Education in Post-Pandemic Times
Authors: Popławska Agata , Bocharova Olena , Sufa Beata 
Published: July 2023

The Covid19 pandemic has changed the day-to-day behaviour of society in many aspects, including education. The mode of operation of schools has changed from traditional to remote. The changes affected various school types, also universities. Remote teaching as a binding educational practice forced both students and teachers to adapt to a dynamically changing reality. Experience gained during the pandemic had an impact on the educational and professional prospects of students. The aim of the research was to learn about the expectations of students towards their own development and education, as well as to determine what their postulates are regarding formal education in post-pandemic times. Extensive empirical material was obtained from 100 people (women) studying at the Pedagogical University of Krakow. The objectification of the results was possible after a thorough analysis of the narrative texts (prospective). Formal and content categories were distinguished, which were arranged in four areas, taking into account the postulates of the surveyed students related to: (1) organisation and course of education, (2) use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education, (3) fulfilment of students’ needs, (4) personal and professional development. The selected areas form a complementary whole in which students’ expectations relate to important spheres of functioning of an individual, that is intellectual, psychosocial and physical. The students participating in the survey expect that after the pandemic they will still be able to use experience and skills gained during the remote learning, they want the university to provide a secure physical and social space. They also want to receive emotional support which would help get rid of negative feelings and also receive instrumental support to allow correct behaviour and effective participation in post-pandemic education. The described categories were expanded to include examples of students’ narratives.
Rapid methods for identifying barriers and solutions to improve access to community health services: a scoping review
Authors: Allen Luke N , Azab Hagar , Jonga Ronald , Gordon Iris , Karanja Sarah , Thaker Nam , Evans Jennifer , Ramke Jacqueline , Bastawrous Andrew 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe advancement of universal health coverage (UHC) is largely based on identifying and addressing barriers to accessing community health services. Traditional qualitative research approaches provide excellent insights but have unfeasibly high resource requirements for most care providers.AimTo identify, categorise, and evaluate methods that have been used to identify barriers to and/or solutions for improving access to community-based health services, grounded in engagement with affected communities, excluding approaches that take >14 days.Design & settingThis was a scoping review.MethodFollowing Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, a search was undertaken using the Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Global Health, and Google Scholar. An information specialist designed the search, and dual independent review and data charting were used.ResultsIn total, 44 studies were included from 30 countries, reporting on 18 different clinical services. Thirty studies used self-described ‘rapid’ approaches; however, the majority of these did not justify what they meant by this term. Nearly half of the studies used mixed- or multi-methods and triangulation to verify early findings. All of the qualitative studies used interviews and/or focus groups, which were often supplemented with observations, document review, and mapping activities. The use of in situ snowball and convenience sampling; community members as data collectors and cultural guides; collaborative summarisation (review of findings with community members and end-users); and deductive framework analysis expedited the research processes. There were no data on costs.ConclusionThere are a wide range of methods that can be used to deliver timely information about barriers to access. The methods employed in the articles reviewed tended to use traditional data collection approaches in innovative ways.
Crystallization of (Hf, Zr)O2 thin films via non-heating process and their application to ferroelectric-gate thin film transistors
Authors: Asuka Takeshi , Ouchi Junpei , Fujisawa Hironori , Nakashima Seiji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
HfO2-based ferroelectric materials do not necessarily require high-temperature annealing for crystallization, making them attractive for applications in transparent electronic devices on plastic or glass substrate. In this study, (Hf, Zr)O2 (HZO) films prepared via non-heating sputtering are investigated and their application to ferroelectric-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) is demonstrated. The internal tensile stress induced by (In, Sn)O
x
(ITO) top-electrode deposition is found to promote the crystallization of HZO from the amorphous state to the ferroelectric phase. ITO/HZO (15–25 nm)/ITO capacitors prepared via the non-heating process exhibit ferroelectric hysteresis loops with remanent polarizations of 6–9 μC cm−2 and coercive fields of 0.6–1.1 MV cm−1. Ferroelectric-gate TFTs with a 10 nm thick ITO channel are also fabricated via the non-heating process. These TFTs show nonvolatile operation with an on/off ratio of ∼10. These findings demonstrate the potential of HZO for transparent devices on substrates with low thermal resistance prepared via the non-heating process.
Prediction of Crop Yield Using Machine Learning Approaches for Agricultural Data
Authors: Hazra Simanta , Karforma Sunil , Bandyopadhyay Abhishek , Chakraborty Sayantani , Chakraborty Debasis 
Published: July 2023

<p> In this paper, two crop datasets are investigated. First one is numerical data which is downloaded crop dataset from https://github.com/Shrey-B/AV-Janatahack-Machine-Learning-in-Agriculture obtained from US field data collection. The dataset contains 88858 labeled samples, eight features and three classes. Second one is a collection of crop image data. This dataset is downloaded from https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/aman2000jaiswal/agriculture . Crop image dataset contains 1005 samples having five type of images namely maize, wheat, jute, rice and sugarcane. Each sample crop image consists of 224 × 224 pixels) of all category. </p>
Literasi Digital Sebagai Jalan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Di Era Society 5.0
Authors: Sugiarto  , Farid Ahmad 
Published: July 2023

Character education is an important component in the framework of developing moral and ethical values in students. In the era of Society 5.0, where digital technology has become an important part of everyday life, digital literacy is an important factor in strengthening character education. Digital literacy refers to an individual's ability to use, evaluate, and actively participate in the digital environment. This study aims to explain the role of digital literacy in strengthening character education in the era of Society 5.0. The research method used is a literature study by collecting data from various relevant sources. This study analyzes the relationship between digital literacy and strengthening character education by considering aspects such as technological knowledge, digital skills, responsible online media behavior, and ethical awareness in the digital world. The results show that digital literacy can be an effective way to strengthen character cultivation in the era of society 5.0. Through digital literacy, learners can develop values such as honesty, responsibility, empathy, cooperation, and problem solving. Digital literacy can also help learners understand social, economic, and cultural impacts and promote responsible attitudes in their use. In conclusion, digital literacy has an important role in strengthening character education in the era of Society 5.0. By paying attention to aspects of technological knowledge, digital skills, responsible online behavior, and ethical awareness, digital literacy can help learners develop strong moral and ethical values in the use of digital technology. Collaborative efforts between various parties are needed to overcome challenges and ensure effective integration of digital literacy in character education in the era of Society 5.0.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VICTIMS WITH MINE AND EXPLOSIVE INJURIES DURING MILITARY ACTIONS
Authors: Teslenko S. M. 
Published: July 2023

Summary. Mine-explosive injury is a gunshot combined multiple injury that occurs in a person as a result of the impact of the impact factors of the explosion of engineering, mine ammunition and is accompanied by deep and widespread tissue damage and contusion.
The purpose of the work is to analyze the methods of surgical treatment of patients with mine-explosive injuries in the conditions of martial law.
Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 64 patients with mine-explosive injuries were analyzed, 27 (42.2 %) were women, 37 (57.8 %) were men, who were being treated at Dergachiv Central Hospital. All victims underwent surgical interventions depending on the location of the injury, its nature, the severity of the patient, the development of traumatic or hemorrhagic shock.
Results and their discussion. Given that the most frequent type of injuries were wounds of various localization, the most common type of surgical intervention was surgical treatment of wounds. The scope of the intervention depended on the depth and size of the wound, as well as the nature of tissue damage. Surgical manipulations on the chest were performed to eliminate pneumothorax (pneumohydrothorax), pleural puncture was performed or pleural drainage was established. If the Rouvilois-Gregoir test was positive, a thoracotomy was performed followed by suturing of the lung wound. Invasive diagnostic methods, laparocentesis and laparoscopy were performed for suspicion of damage to the organs of the abdominal cavity, with the help of which damage to the organs of the abdominal cavity was excluded. The use of laparocentesis in such situations, although its diagnostic value is lower than that of video laparoscopy, allows to determine the pathological content in the abdominal cavity, which is sufficient to detect life-threatening consequences of abdominal injuries, for example, such as intra-abdominal bleeding.
Conclusions. Victims with explosive lesions require a large number of surgical interventions in various anatomical areas. When providing assistance to victims of an explosive injury, one should be guided by the principles of “damage control”, determining the amount of interventions that should be performed based on vital indications.
A Stability Timescale for Nonhierarchical Three-body Systems
Authors: Zhang Eric , Naoz Smadar , Will Clifford M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The gravitational three-body problem is a fundamental problem in physics and has significant applications to astronomy. Three-body configurations are often considered stable as long the system is hierarchical; that is, the two orbital distances are well-separated. However, instability, which is often associated with significant energy exchange between orbits, takes time to develop. Assuming two massive objects in a circular orbit and a test particle in an eccentric orbit, we develop an analytical formula estimating the time it takes for the test particle’s orbital energy to change by an order of itself. We show its consistency with results from N-body simulations. For eccentric orbits in particular, the instability is primarily driven not by close encounters of the test particle with one of the other bodies, but by the fundamental susceptibility of eccentric orbits to exchange energy at their periapsis. Motivated by recent suggestions that the galactic center may host an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) as a companion to the massive black hole Sgr A*, we use our timescale to explore the parameter space that could harbor an IMBH for the lifetime of the S-cluster of stars surrounding Sgr A*. Furthermore, we show that the orbit of an S-star can be stable for long timescales in the presence of other orbital crossing stars, thus suggesting that the S-cluster may be stable for the lifetimes of its member stars.
Implications of a Possible Spectral Structure of Cosmic-Ray Protons Unveiled by the DAMPE
Authors: Nie Lin , Liu Yang , Jiang Zejun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The recent observations revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) proton spectrum showed a complex structure: the hardening at ∼200 GeV and softening at ∼10 TeV. However, so far, the physical origins of this spectral feature remain strongly debated. In this work, we simulate the acceleration of CR protons in a nearby supernova remnant (SNR) by solving numerically the hydrodynamic equations and the equation for the quasi-isotropic CR momentum distribution in the spherically symmetrical case to derive the spectrum of protons injected into the interstellar medium, and then simulate the propagation process of those accelerated CR particles to calculate the proton fluxes reaching the Earth. Besides, we use the DRAGON numerical code to calculate the large-scale CR proton spectrum. Our simulated results are in good agreement with the observed data (including the observed data of proton fluxes and dipole anisotropy). We conclude that the spectral feature of CR protons in this energy band may originate from the superposition of the distribution from the nearby SNR and background diffusive CR component. We find that the release of particles from this nearby SNR has a time delay. Besides, it can be found that the nonlinear response of energetic particles, the release time of CR protons, and age of the local SNR can leave strong signatures in the spectrum of the resulting CR proton fluxes.
JADES Imaging of GN-z11: Revealing the Morphology and Environment of a Luminous Galaxy 430 Myr after the Big Bang
Authors: Tacchella Sandro , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Hainline Kevin , Johnson Benjamin D. , Baker William M. , Helton Jakob M. , Robertson Brant , Suess Katherine A. , Chen Zuyi , Nelson Erica , Puskás Dávid , Sun Fengwu , Alberts Stacey , Egami Eiichi , Hausen Ryan , Rieke George , Rieke Marcia , Shivaei Irene , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Bunker Andrew , Cameron Alex J. , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stephane , Curti Mirko , Curtis-Lake Emma , Looser Tobias J. , Maiolino Roberto , Maseda Michael V. , Rawle Tim , Rix Hans-Walter , Smit Renske , Übler Hannah , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris , Baum Stefi , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Boyett Kristan , Danhaive A. Lola , de Graaff Anna , Endsley Ryan , Ji Zhiyuan , Lyu Jianwei , Sandles Lester , Saxena Aayush , Scholtz Jan , Topping Michael W. , Whitler Lily 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present JWST NIRCam nine-band near-infrared imaging of the luminous z = 10.6 galaxy GN-z11 from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey of the GOODS-N field. We find a spectral energy distribution (SED) entirely consistent with the expected form of a high-redshift galaxy: a clear blue continuum from 1.5 to 4 μm with a complete dropout in F115W. The core of GN-z11 is extremely compact in JWST imaging. We analyze the image with a two-component model, using a point source and a Sérsic profile that fits to a half-light radius of 200 pc and an index n = 0.9. We find a low-surface-brightness haze about 0.″4 to the northeast of the galaxy, which is most likely a foreground object but might be a more extended component of GN-z11. At a spectroscopic redshift of 10.60 (Bunker et al. 2023), the comparison of the NIRCam F410M and F444W images spans the Balmer jump. From population-synthesis modeling, here assuming no light from an active galactic nucleus, we reproduce the SED of GN-z11, finding a stellar mass of ∼109
M
⊙, a star formation rate of ∼20 M
⊙ yr−1, and a young stellar age of ∼20 Myr. Since massive galaxies at high redshift are likely to be highly clustered, we search for faint neighbors of GN-z11, finding nine galaxies out to ∼5 comoving Mpc transverse with photometric redshifts consistent with z = 10.6, and a tenth more tentative dropout only 3″ away. This is consistent with GN-z11 being hosted by a massive dark-matter halo (≈8 × 1010
M
⊙), though lower halo masses cannot be ruled out.
Initiating Discourse on Toraja Church Economic Theology: Role of Tongkonan in Forming and Developing Economic Theology in Toraja Church
Authors: Pasoloran Oktavianus , Sanderan Rannu , Pasulu Alpius 
Published: July 2023

This research intends to initiate and formulate the economic theology of the Toraja Church based on a biblical view, and it is realized that it requires challenging and complex efforts. The field of Economics is vast and significant, and therefore, in the context of the Toraja Church, theology is inclined to aid economists in establishing an ethical, faith-based groundwork for the development of economics. The extensive scope of this inquiry has motivated the Toraja Church to initiate this investigation as a foundation for fostering sustainable research pertinent to the economic realm of Torajan population. This research carries out using a qualitative method. Primary data were collected by means of observations and interviews during various mini-tours and live-ins of field research. Both personal interviews and those in the form of tentative-by-the-run FGD were conducted. To support them, referential data were collected by literature review and documentation from various stakeholders. This study recognizes 1) God's mandate to organize the economy, 2) preferential options for the poor, and 3) economic empowerment as a responsible duty. However, in its fundamentals the Toraja Church should build its economic theology based on Biblical principles, taking consideration of its experience & history and the community’s socio-cultural context.
Gambaran Tingkat Stress Kerja Perawat Intensive Di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan
Authors: Sembiirng Friska , Rante Rupang Ernita 
Published: July 2023

Perawat intensive mempunyai perbedaan mendasar dengan peran perawat di ruang perawatan lainnya yaoti harus memiliki pengetahuan dan keahlian khusus dalam menangani kondisi pasien kritis serta menilai keadaan pasien yang cenderung fluktuatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat stress kerja perawat intensive. Jenis rancangan penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survei pada 56 responden dengan pengambilan total sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perawat intensive di RS Santa Elisabeth Medan sejumlah 56 orang dan tehnik pemgambilan sampel adalah total sampling dan instrumen untuk mengukur tingkat stres sampel adalah kuesioner DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). Hasil penelitian karakteristik responden menunjukkan jenis kelamin mayoritas perempuan (83,3%), sebagian besar usia dewasa awal (63,3%),tingkat pendidikan sebagian besar D III Keperawatan (68,3%), mayoritas sudah menikah (80%), lama bekerja >10 tahun (50%) dengan sebagian besar tingkat stress sedang (60,7) Penelitian ini memberikan informasi tingkat stress perawat yang bekerja di ruang intensive dengan berbagai kondisi pasien sehingga di rekomendasikan agar perawat intensive dapat mengikuti pendidikan dan pelatihan untuk mengantisipasi stressor