bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N-jettiness for muon jet pairs in electroweak high-energy processes
Authors: Chay Junegone , Kwon Taehyun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the N-jettiness in the electroweak high-energy process for the final muon jet pairs, e−e+ → μ+ jet + μ−jet. Compared to QCD, the main difference is that there exist additional gauge nonsinglet contributions in the weak interaction, which make the factorization more elaborate. Especially the nonsinglet contributions arise due to the Block-Nordsieck violation in electroweak processes, which yields the Sudakov logarithms and the rapidity divergence. They change the evolution of the factorized parts considerably in the N-jettiness. There are two possible channels, initiated from the gauge bosons WW → ℓμ$$ \overline{\ell} $$

ℓ
¯

μ, and from the electrons ℓe$$ \overline{\ell} $$

ℓ
¯

e → ℓμ$$ \overline{\ell} $$

ℓ
¯

μ, where ℓ denotes the weak doublet. The latter was discussed previously, and we complete the analysis by studying the first. The factorization for WW → ℓμ$$ \overline{\ell} $$

ℓ
¯

μ can be proceeded in a similar way as in the factorization for ℓe$$ \overline{\ell} $$

ℓ
¯

e → ℓμ$$ \overline{\ell} $$

ℓ
¯

μ, and the result exhibits a rich structure. The new ingredients in this study consist of the W beam functions, and the complex color structure of the soft functions and the hard functions. The resummation of the large logarithms is performed by solving the renormalization group equations with respect to the renormalization scale and the rapidity scale. In the numerical analysis, we confine to the SU(2) weak gauge interaction, and the numerical results are presented for both channels at next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy including the singlet and the nonsinglet contributions. The nonsinglet contributions turn out to be appreciable in the 2-jettiness.
Generalised U-dual solutions via ISO(7) gauged supergravity
Authors: Blair Chris D. A. , Zhidkova Sofia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study a solution generating technique in supergravity which can be viewed as a generalised version of U-duality, taking solutions of type IIA supergravity on a 6-sphere with RR flux to new solutions of 11-dimensional supergravity. The new solutions are characterised by an underlying 6-algebra structure. Our construction provides an 11-dimensional uplift of four-dimensional ISO(7) gauged supergravity, using E7 exceptional geometry techniques. We focus on an example where we start with the D2 solution in type IIA supergravity and construct a new $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS 11-dimensional solution.
Staphylococcal protein A modulates inflammation by inducing interferon signaling in human nasal epithelial cells
Authors: Hu Hua , Liu Sha , Hon Karen , Psaltis Alkis J. , Wormald Peter John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective and design
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the leading causes of human respiratory tract infections. The function of Staphylococcal protein A (SpA), expressed on the S. aureus bacterial membrane and released in the environment, on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we tested the SpA expression in S. aureus from chronic rhinosinusitis patients and investigated the effects of SpA on HNECs inflammation through Interferon Gamma Receptor 1(IFNGR1)/phosphorylated Janus Kinase 2 (p-JAK2) pathway.

Methods
RNA profiling was performed to investigate inflammatory activation in a S. aureus chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) mouse model. SpA release by S. aureus clinical isolates was determined using ELISA. The effect of purified SpA and SpA enriched conditioned media from S. aureus clinical isolates on HNECs cytotoxicity, apoptosis and release of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase assays, and flow cytometry. SpA dependent IFNGR1 and p-JAK2 expression were assessed by qPCR, immunofluorescence and western blot in HNECs.

Results
49 genes were significantly induced in S. aureus CRS mice indicative of activation of interferon signaling. SpA release was significantly higher in S. aureus clinical isolates from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. Purified SpA significantly increased IFNGR1 mRNA and protein expression in HNECs. SpA induced cytotoxic effects and induced the release of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in an IFNGR1 dependent way.

Conclusion
SpA induces interferon signaling through activation of the IFNGR1-JAK-2 pathway, which provides an understanding of how S. aureus SpA affects the inflammatory process in the upper airways.
Defining Binary Phylogenetic Trees Using Parsimony
Authors: Fischer Mareike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhylogenetic (i.e., leaf-labeled) trees play a fundamental role in evolutionary research. A typical problem is to reconstruct such trees from data like DNA alignments (whose columns are often referred to as characters), and a simple optimization criterion for such reconstructions is maximum parsimony. It is generally assumed that this criterion works well for data in which state changes are rare. In the present manuscript, we prove that each binary phylogenetic tree T with $$n\ge 20 k$$

n
≥
20
k

leaves is uniquely defined by the set $$A_k(T)$$

A
k

(
T
)

, which consists of all characters with parsimony score k on T. This can be considered as a promising first step toward showing that maximum parsimony as a tree reconstruction criterion is justified when the number of changes in the data is relatively small.
Tame Sets in Homogeneous Spaces
Authors: Andrist Rafael B. , Ugolini Riccardo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We prove the existence of strongly tame sets in affine algebraic homogeneous spaces of linear algebraic Lie groups. We also show that

$(\mathbb {C}^{n},A)$

(

ℂ

n

,
A
)

enjoys the strong relative density property when A is a tame set, and we provide examples of Stein manifolds admitting non-equivalent tame sets.
Chromogranin A: a useful biomarker in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Ploussard Guillaume , Rozet François , Roubaud Guilhem , Stanbury Trevor , Sargos Paul , Roupret Morgan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The natural history of prostate cancer (PC) almost always evolves to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) status, sometimes comprising pure or mixed neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPC) differentiation. In CRPC, monitoring using only prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is not optimal since neuroendocrine differentiated cells do not secrete PSA. Thus, monitoring with PSA and chromogranin A (CgA) may be useful. This review aims to evaluate evidence for the usefulness of CgA assessments during the monitoring of prostate cancer.

Method
This review was based on three recent meta-analysis concerning CgA and prostate cancer. Further data were obtained from PubMed and Embase databases by searches using keywords, including chromogranin A and prostate cancer.

Results
CgA levels remain largely unchanged during the early PC evolution. The development of NEPC is characterised by lower PSA secretion and increased CgA secretion. Data supporting the prognostic value of high CgA baseline levels for survival are contrasting and scarce. However, increasing CgA levels early during treatment of metastatic (m)CRPC suggests resistance to treatment and predicts shorter survival, particularly in men with high baseline levels of CgA levels. In men with mCRPC, the first-line chemotherapy may be more appropriate than other agents when baseline CgA levels are high. Also, increasing CgA levels during treatment may indicate disease progression and may warrant a change of therapy.

Conclusion
CgA monitoring at baseline and regularly during mCRPC management may be useful for monitoring disease evolution. An increased CgA baseline levels and increasing CgA levels may assist physicians with choosing and modifying therapy.
Comparisons of objective and subjective refraction with and without cycloplegia using binocular wavefront optometer with autorefraction and retinoscopy in school-age children
Authors: Lei Yadi , Chen Xun , Cheng Mingrui , Li Boliang , Jiang Yinjie , Xu Yilin , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To compare school-age children’s objective and subjective refraction using a binocular wavefront optometer (BWFOM) with autorefraction and retinoscopy before and after cycloplegia.

Methods
Eighty-six eyes from 86 children (6–15 years old) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. BWFOM objective and subjective refractions were compared with autorefraction and retinoscopy under cycloplegia. BWFOM refraction was evaluated before and after cycloplegia. Measurements were compared using a paired t-test; agreement was assessed using Bland–Altman plots.

Results
Under cycloplegia, the sphere, spherical equivalence, and J45 were significantly more negative on BWFOM objective refraction than autorefraction (− 1.39 ± 2.20 D vs. − 1.28 ± 2.23 D, P = 0.003; − 1.84 ± 2.38 D vs. − 1.72 ± 2.43 D, P = 0.001; − 0.02 ± 0.17 D vs. 0.03 ± 0.21 D, P = 0.004). The subjective sphere of BWFOM was less myopic, and the cylinder and the J45 were more negative than those with retinoscopy (− 1.17 ± 2.09 D vs. − 1.25 ± 2.20 D, P = 0.02; − 0.91 ± 0.92 D vs. − 0.76 ± 0.92 D, P < 0.001; − 0.01 ± 0.15 D vs. 0.03 ± 0.21 D, P = 0.028). For both BWFOM objective and subjective refraction, sphere and spherical equivalence with noncycloplegia were more myopic than those with cycloplegia (objective: − 1.76 ± 2.10 D vs. − 1.39 ± 2.20 D, − 2.21 ± 2.30 D vs. − 1.84 ± 2.38 D, P < 0.001; subjective: − 1.57 ± 1.92 D vs. − 1.17 ± 2.09 D, − 2.01 ± 2.13 D vs. − 1.62 ± 2.27 D, P < 0.001). Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement in spherical equivalence between BWFOM objective refraction and autorefraction (mean difference = 0.12 D, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.52 to 0.76), subjective refraction with retinoscopy (mean difference =  − 0.01 D, 95% CI − 0.65 to 0.64), and BWFOM refractions with or without cycloplegia (objective: mean difference =  − 0.37 D, 95% CI − 1.31 to 0.57; subjective: mean difference =  − 0.39 D, 95% CI − 1.30 to 0.51). The time cost by BWFOM was significantly less than the total time of autorefraction and retinoscopy (264.88 ± 90.67 s vs. 315.89 ± 95.31 s, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
BWFOM is a new device that realizes both objective and subjective refraction. For children’s refractive errors, it is more convenient and quicker to obtain the proper prescription at a 0.05-D interval, and it is more accurate than autorefraction and retinoscopy under cycloplegia.
Histological evaluation of PAXgene tissue fixation in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma diagnostics
Authors: Barroux Melissa , Horstmann Julia , Fricke Lisa , Schömig Linus , Werner Martin , Kraynova Ekaterina , Kamarádová Katerina , Fléjou Jean-François , Maerkel Bruno , Kumarasinghe M. Priyanthi , Vieth Michael , Westerhoff Maria , Patil Deepa T. , Steiger Katja , Becker Karl-Friedrich , Weichert Wilko , Schmid Roland M. , Quante Michael , Slotta-Huspenina Julia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The dysplasia grading of Barrett’s esophagus (BE), based on the histomorphological assessment of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, suffers from high interobserver variability leading to an unsatisfactory prediction of cancer risk. Thus, pre-analytic preservation of biological molecules, which could improve risk prediction in BE enabling molecular and genetic analysis, is needed. We aimed to evaluate such a molecular pre-analytic fixation tool, PAXgene-fixed paraffin-embedded (PFPE) biopsies, and their suitability for histomorphological BE diagnostics in comparison to FFPE. In a ring trial, 9 GI pathologists evaluated 116 digital BE slides of non-dysplastic BE (NDBE), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) using virtual microscopy. Overall quality, cytological and histomorphological parameters, dysplasia criteria, and diagnosis were analyzed. PFPE showed better preservation of nuclear details as chromatin and nucleoli, whereas overall quality and histomorphologic parameters as visibility of basal lamina, goblet cells, and presence of artifacts were scored as equal to FFPE. The interobserver reproducibility with regard to the diagnosis was best for NDBE and EAC (κF = 0.72–0.75) and poor for LGD and HGD (κF = 0.13–0.3) in both. In conclusion, our data suggest that PFPE allows equally confident histomorphological diagnosis of BE and EAC, introducing a novel tool for molecular analysis and parallel histomorphological evaluation.
Neuroevolution gives rise to more focused information transfer compared to backpropagation in recurrent neural networks
Authors: Hintze Arend , Adami Christoph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the most promising tools in the quest to develop general artificial intelligence. Their design was inspired by how neurons in natural brains connect and process, the only other substrate to harbor intelligence. Compared to biological brains that are sparsely connected and that form sparsely distributed representations, ANNs instead process information by connecting all nodes of one layer to all nodes of the next. In addition, modern ANNs are trained with backpropagation, while their natural counterparts have been optimized by natural evolution over eons. We study whether the training method influences how information propagates through the brain by measuring the transfer entropy, that is, the information that is transferred from one group of neurons to another. We find that while the distribution of connection weights in optimized networks is largely unaffected by the training method, neuroevolution leads to networks in which information transfer is significantly more focused on small groups of neurons (compared to those trained by backpropagation) while also being more robust to perturbations of the weights. We conclude that the specific attributes of a training method (local vs. global) can significantly affect how information is processed and relayed through the brain, even when the overall performance is similar.
Association between sagittal alignment and loads at the adjacent segment in the fused spine: a combined clinical and musculoskeletal modeling study of 205 patients with adult spinal deformity
Authors: Ignasiak Dominika , Behm Pascal , Mannion Anne F. , Galbusera Fabio , Kleinstück Frank , Fekete Tamás F. , Haschtmann Daniel , Jeszenszky Dezsö , Zimmermann Laura , Richner-Wunderlin Sarah , Vila-Casademunt Alba , Pellisé Ferran , Obeid Ibrahim , Pizones Javier , Sánchez Pérez-Grueso Francisco J. , Karaman Muhammed Ilkay , Alanay Ahmet , Yilgor Çaglar , Ferguson Stephen J. , Loibl Markus ,   ESSG European Spine Study Group
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Sagittal malalignment is a risk factor for mechanical complications after surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Spinal loads, modulated by sagittal alignment, may explain this relationship. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between: (1) postoperative changes in loads at the proximal segment and realignment, and (2) absolute postoperative loads and postoperative alignment measures.

Methods
A previously validated musculoskeletal model of the whole spine was applied to study a clinical sample of 205 patients with ASD. Based on clinical and radiographic data, pre-and postoperative patient-specific alignments were simulated to predict loads at the proximal segment adjacent to the spinal fusion.

Results
Weak-to-moderate associations were found between pre-to-postop changes in lumbar lordosis, LL (r =  − 0.23, r =  − 0.43; p < 0.001), global tilt, GT (r = 0.26, r = 0.38; p < 0.001) and the Global Alignment and Proportion score, GAP (r = 0.26, r = 0.37; p < 0.001), and changes in compressive and shear forces at the proximal segment. GAP score parameters, thoracic kyphosis measurements and the slope of upper instrumented vertebra were associated with changes in shear. In patients with T10-pelvis fusion, moderate-to-strong associations were found between postoperative sagittal alignment measures and compressive and shear loads, with GT showing the strongest correlations (r = 0.75, r = 0.73, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Spinal loads were estimated for patient-specific full spinal alignment profiles in a large cohort of patients with ASD pre-and postoperatively. Loads on the proximal segments were greater in association with sagittal malalignment and malorientation of proximal vertebra. Future work should explore whether they provide a causative mechanism explaining the associated risk of proximal junction complications.
Expression of microRNAs in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jianhua , Gan Bei , Lu Lin , Chen Lihong , Yan Jianying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are noncoding RNAs that play a central role in governing various physiological and pathological processes. There are few studies on miRNA involvement in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of the miRNA expression profiling from GDM patients.

Methods
Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, we performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases from inception to December 20, 2021, to retrieve the original research studies. All the relevant data were retrieved, analyzed, and summarized.

Results
Six studies (252 GDM cases and 309 controls) were included and analyzed. The six studies reported the expressions of 21 miRNAs in GDM cases. Of the 21 miRNAs, 12 miRNAs were found to be upregulated, and two were downregulated. The top three most consistently reported upregulated miRNAs were miR-16-5p (mean differences of fold change are 1.25, 95% CI = 0.04–2.46, P = 0.040), miR-19a-3p (mean differences of fold change are 2.90, 95% CI = 1.45–4.35, P = 0.001), and miR-19b-3p (mean differences of fold change are 3.10, 95% CI = 0.94–5.25, P = 0.005). miR-155-5p and miR-21-3p were found to be downregulated.

Conclusions
The results indicate that several miRNAs may be used as markers for diabetes gestational diabetes mellitus. In the future, more studies are needed to validate the findings of our study.
Characterization of thermostable serine hydroxymethyltransferase for β-hydroxy amino acids synthesis
Authors: Ma’ruf Ilma Fauziah , Restiawaty Elvi , Syihab Syifa Fakhomah , Honda Kohsuke , Akhmaloka  
Published: December 2022

Abstractβ-hydroxy amino acids, such as serine, threonine, and phenylserine, are important compounds for medical purposes. To date, there has been only limited exploration of thermostable serine hydroxylmethyltransferase (SHMT) for the synthesis of these amino acids, despite the great potential that thermostable enzymes may offer for commercial use due to their high stability and catalytic efficiencies. ITBSHMT_1 (ITB serine hydroxylmethyltransferase clone number 1) from thermophilic and methanol-tolerant bacteria Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis AL17 was successfully cloned. Biocomputational analysis revealed that ITBSHMT_1 contains Pyridoxal-3′-phosphate and tetrahydrofolatebinding residues. Structural comparisons show that ITBSHMT_1 has 5 additional residues VSRQG on loop near PLP-binding site as novel structural feature which distinguish this enzyme with other characterized SHMTs. In silico mutation revealed that the fragment might have very essential role in maintaining of PLP binding on structure of ITBSHMT_1. Recombinant protein was produced in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2(DE3) in soluble form and purified using NiNTA affinity chromatography. The purified protein demonstrated the best activity at 80 °C and pH 7.5 based on the retro aldol cleavage of phenylserine. Activity decreased significantly in the presence of 3 mM transition metal ions but increased in the presence of 30 mM β-mercaptoethanol. ITBSHMT_1 demonstrated Vmax, Km, Kcat, and Kcat/Km at 242 U/mg, 23.26 mM, 186/s, and 8/(mM.s), respectively. The aldol condensation reaction showed the enzyme’s best activity at 80 °C for serine, threonine, or phenylserine, with serine synthesis showing the highest specific activity. Biocomputational analysis revealed that high intramolecular interaction within the 3D structure of ITBSHMT_1 might be correlated with the enzyme’s high thermal stability. The above data suggest that ITBSHMT_1 is a potential and novel enzyme for the production of various β-hydroxy amino acids.
Does behavioural parent training reduce internalising symptoms (or not) among children with externalising problems? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bloss Christy , Brown Sophie , Sawrikar Vilas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBehaviour parent training (BPT) is known to effectively reduce child externalising problems. However, evidence for BPT to have secondary benefits for reducing internalising symptoms remains unclear. To address this, electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS) were systematically searched for studies examining internalising outcomes from BPT among children aged 2–12 years with clinically elevated externalizing problems. Outcomes for internalising problems following BPT were analysed by meta-analysis. Of 9105 studies identified, 24 studies met the eligibility criteria. Results from meta-analysis demonstrated a significant small treatment effect size (g = − 0.41) for reducing internalising symptoms immediately after treatment. Studies showed moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 44%). Moderation analyses indicated that the overall treatment effect was robust against variations in treatment and study design characteristics. However, a review of individual study methods indicate that these results are limited by significant heterogeneity and limitations in clinical assessment. Overall, the results suggest that BPT programmes for reducing externalising problems have the potential to improve internalising outcomes, but that there is limited information to determine the reliability of these effects, highlighting the need for further investigation.
SleepXAI: An explainable deep learning approach for multi-class sleep stage identification
Authors: Dutt Micheal , Redhu Surender , Goodwin Morten , Omlin Christian W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted on the automatic classification of sleep stages utilizing deep neural networks and other neurophysiological markers. However, for sleep specialists to employ models as an assistive solution, it is necessary to comprehend how the models arrive at a particular outcome, necessitating the explainability of these models. This work proposes an explainable unified CNN-CRF approach (SleepXAI) for multi-class sleep stage classification designed explicitly for univariate time-series signals using modified gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). The proposed approach significantly increases the overall accuracy of sleep stage classification while demonstrating the explainability of the multi-class labeling of univariate EEG signals, highlighting the parts of the signals emphasized most in predicting sleep stages. We extensively evaluated our approach to the sleep-EDF dataset, and it demonstrates the highest overall accuracy of 86.8% in identifying five sleep stage classes. More importantly, we achieved the highest accuracy when classifying the crucial sleep stage N1 with the lowest number of instances, outperforming the state-of-the-art machine learning approaches by 16.3%. These results motivate us to adopt the proposed approach in clinical practice as an aid to sleep experts.