bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination and Experimental Study of HSCCC Operational Modal based on LSCF
Authors: Yin Qin , Gong Xiaorong , Shu Ruizhi , Zhang Kaifei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The dynamic characteristics of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) have a significant impact on its separation efficiency and equipment stability. The accurate discrimination of the dynamic characteristic during the separation process constitutes the prerequisite for clarifying the separation mechanism and performance improvement. This study establishes the HSCCC operational modal discrimination model using the least-square complex frequency domain method (LSCF) and then derives the discrimination function based on the cross-power spectral density (CPSD) function and cross-half power spectral density (PSD) function. Then an operational modal acquisition and analysis system was built for the operational modal in three directions at six common speeds. Finally, the inherent frequencies and mode of vibration of the experimental modes were verified by the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC), Mean Phase Deviation (MPD), Modal Phase Collinearity (MPC), and Mode Indicator Functions (MIF) in this study. The results prove the feasibility of the proposed method. It shows that the CPSD function is more applicable to the HSCCC dynamic performance analysis, which should be considered in the actual separation process analysis.
Feasibility study on PGNAA experiments using a prototype neutron beam at Isfahan MNSR
Authors: Choopan Dastjerdi M.H. , Mokhtari J. , Toghyani M. , Soleimani B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, the feasibility study of Prompt Gamma Neutron
Activation Analysis (PGNAA) experiments at Isfahan Miniature Neutron
Source Reactor (MNSR) has been done using a prototype neutron
beam. This neutron beam was not originally created for this purpose,
but previous studies on this neutron beam have shown that it has
enough neutron flux to carry out some irradiations outside the
reactor core. This prototype neutron beam provided a neutron flux of
order 105 n·cm-2·s-1 and a circular
diameter of 5 cm for the experiments. In addition, an appropriate
setup for High Purity Germanium detector (HPGe) was done at the beam
outlet, where the sample is irradiated. A simple shield was also
installed to prevent radiation damage to the detector. Experiments
were conducted for bulk samples of salt solution with different
concentrations and the prompt gamma spectrums have been obtained and
analyzed.
Biomimethics: a critical perspective on the ethical implications of biomimetics in technological innovation
Authors: Broeckhoven Chris , Winters Sabine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Biomimetics, bioinspiration, biomimicry, and related nature-inspired activities—collectively known as biom*—are witnessing an unprecedented surge in popularity, as they offer unparalleled opportunities for technological advancement, innovation, and sustainable development. The growing prevalence of biom*, however, has sparked moral debates regarding their approaches, emphasizing the need for universally applicable ethical guidelines that can effectively guide practitioners in their work. In this perspective, we outline some of the moral, ethical, and legal challenges associated with biom*, particularly the scientific discipline of biomimetics, focusing on various issues surrounding our motivations for pursuing these approaches, the valuation of nature within them, and regulations in the commercialization of biological knowledge. By highlighting the challenges inherent in biom*, this perspective aims to empower practitioners in the field to make informed decisions and take purposeful action. Specific recommendations are provided to guide them in choosing the right course of action for the right reasons.
Band structure and spin texture of 2D materials for valleytronics: insights from spin and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Bussolotti F , Maddumapatabandi T D , Goh K E J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this review, we present a perspective on the use of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and spin-resolved ARPES (SARPES) for the study of the electronic properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), a prime example of two-dimensional (2D) materials for valleytronics applications. In the introductory part, we briefly describe the structural and electronic properties of semiconducting TMDCs and the main valleytronics related physical effects. After a short presentation of theoretical methods utilized in the band structure and spin texture calculation of semiconducting TMDCs, we illustrate the basic principles and methodology of photoemission techniques and then provide a detailed survey on the electronic band structure studies of these materials. In particular, by selecting and comparing seminal results in the field, we highlight the critical role played by the sample preparation strategy on the amount and quality of information that can be extracted in the ARPES investigations of TMDCs. This is followed by a detailed discussion on the impact of interface potential landscape and doping on their electronic properties, considering the importance of their contact with metal electrode and/or dielectric substrate in determining the electrical transport in real devices’ architecture. Finally, we summarize key SARPES findings on the spin texture of TMDCs and conclude by pointing out current open issues and potential directions for future photoemission-based studies on these 2D systems.
Peacock spiders prefer image statistics of average natural scenes over those of male ornamentation
Authors: Hardenbicker Marie-Christin , Tedore Cynthia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The origins of preferences that drive the evolution of arbitrary sexual signals have been hotly debated for more than 150 years. An emerging but little-tested theory, efficient coding theory, proposes that male visual courtship displays are adapted to pre-existing processing biases shaped by the statistical properties of the natural environment. Natural scenes show strong spatial correlations with average amplitudes of spatial frequencies falling with an average spectral slope of –1 and humans have been shown to prefer random amplitude spectrum images that possess similar slopes. It has been proposed that other animals may also prefer the statistics of their natural environment and that this preference drives the evolution of sexual signaling displays. Here, we measure the spectral slope of the male display pattern of the Australian peacock jumping spider Maratus spicatus and test for a general preference toward that slope. We present spiders (male, female and juvenile) with random images of the male slope of –1.7 compared with: (a) a shallower slope of –1.0 and (b) a steeper slope of –2.3. Spiders spent more time oriented toward the shallower slope than toward the male slope and spent the same amount of time oriented toward the male slope and the steeper slope. Our results indicate that spiders, like humans, prefer the average natural slope of –1, suggesting that this is likely the slope typically found in their natural habitat. Rather than exploiting a potential processing bias it seems that males have evolved slopes that contrast with the visual background to enhance conspicuousness.
Experimental and molecular support for Cfap70 as a causative gene of ‘multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella’ with male infertility
Authors: Chen Jingwen , Wang Yaling , Wu Bangguo , Shi Huijuan , Wang Lingbo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella, a severe form of asthenozoospermia, can lead to male infertility. Recent studies have implicated an association between human CFAP70 deficiency and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella; however, the underlying biological mechanism and supporting experimental evidence in animal models remain unclear. To address this gap, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate Cfap70-deficient mice to investigate the relationship between Cfap70 deficiency and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella. Our findings show that the loss of CFAP70 leads to multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella and spermiogenesis defects. Specifically, the lack of CFAP70 impairs sperm flagellum biogenesis and head shaping during spermiogenesis. Late-step spermatids from Cfap70-deficient mouse testis exhibited club-shaped sperm heads and abnormal disassembly of the manchette. Furthermore, we found that CFAP70 interacts with DNAI1 and DNAI2; Cfap70 deficiency also reduces the level of AKAP3 in sperm flagella, indicating that CFAP70 may participate in the flagellum assembly and transport of flagellar components. These findings provide compelling evidence implicating Cfap70 as a causative gene of multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella and highlight the consequences of CFAP70 loss on flagellum biogenesis.
Endoscopic Lesions of Postoperative Anastomotic Area in Patients With Crohn’s Disease in the Biologic Era: A Japanese Multi-Centre Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Ueda Takeshi , Koyama Fumikazu , Sugita Akira , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Futami Kitaro , Fukushima Kouhei , Nezu Riichiro , Iijima Hideki , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Itabashi Michio , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Hata Keisuke , Shinagawa Takahide , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Takenaka Kento , Sasaki Makoto , Nagayama Manabu , Yamamoto Hironori , Shinozaki Masaru , Fujiya Mikihiro , Kato Jun , Ueno Yoshitaka , Tanaka Shinji , Okita Yoshiki , Hashimoto Yoshinari , Kobayashi Taku , Koganei Kazutaka , Uchino Motoi , Fujii Hisao , Suzuki Yasuo , Hisamatsu Tadakazu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Many patients have endoscopic evidence of recurrent Crohn’s disease [CD] at 1 year after intestinal resection. These lesions predict future clinical recurrence. We endoscopically evaluated postoperative anastomotic lesions in CD patients from a large cohort of postoperative CD patients.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled CD patients who underwent surgical resection between 2008 and 2013 at 19 inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-specialist institutions. The initial analyses included patients who underwent ileocolonoscopy ~1 year after intestinal resection. Follow-up analyses assessed any changes in the endoscopic findings over time. We evaluated the postoperative endoscopic findings, which were classified into four categories [no lesion, mild, intermediate, severe] at the sites of the anastomotic line and peri-anastomosis.

Results
In total, 267 CD patients underwent postoperative ileocolonoscopy. Postoperative anastomotic lesions were widely detected in index ileocolonoscopy [61.0%] and were more frequently detected in follow-up ileocolonoscopy [74.9%]. Endoscopic severity also increased. Patients with intermediate or severe peri-anastomotic or anastomotic line lesions at the index ileocolonoscopy required significantly more interventions, including endoscopic dilatation or surgery, than patients with mild lesions or no lesions.

Conclusions
Frequent anastomotic lesions were observed at the postoperative index ileocolonoscopy. These gradually increased for subsequent ileocolonoscopy, even in the biologic era. Regarding lesions on the anastomotic line, intermediate lesions on the anastomotic line [e.g. irregular or deep ulcers] might be considered recurrent disease, and mild lesions [e.g. linear superficial ulcers] might be considered non-recurrent disease. Prospective studies are needed to resolve this issue, including treatment enhancement.
Bacterial endophytes of sugar maple leaves vary more idiosyncratically than epiphytes across a large geographic area
Authors: Demarquest Garance , Lajoie Geneviève 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBacteria from the leaf surface and the leaf tissue have been attributed with several beneficial properties for their plant host. Though physically connected, the microbial ecology of these compartments has mostly been studied separately such that we lack an integrated understanding of the processes shaping their assembly. We sampled leaf epiphytes and endophytes from the same individuals of sugar maple across the northern portion of its range to evaluate if their community composition was driven by similar processes within and across populations differing in plant traits and overall abiotic environment. Leaf compartment explained most of the variation in community diversity and composition across samples. Leaf epiphytic communities were driven more by host and site characteristics than endophytic communities, whose community composition was more idiosyncratic across samples. Our results suggest a greater importance of priority effects and opportunistic colonization in driving community assembly of leaf endophytes. Understanding the comparative assembly of bacterial communities at the surface and inside plant leaves may be particularly useful for leveraging their respective potential for improving the health of plants in natural and anthropized ecosystems.
Exploration of the shared gene signatures and molecular mechanisms between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from transcriptome data
Authors: Zhan Chi , Zhou Zhaocai , Huang Yaxian , Huang Shuheng , Lin Zhengmei , He Feng , Song Zhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Periodontitis disease (PD) is associated with a systemic disorder of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The immune response is the common feature of the two conditions, but the more precise mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
Differential expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed on PD and Crohn's disease (CD) data sets to identify crosstalk genes linking the two diseases. The proportions of infiltrating immune cells were calculated by using Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In addition, a data set of isolated neutrophils from the circulation was performed via WGCNA to obtain PD-related key modules. Then, single-cell gene set enrichment scores were computed for the key module and grouped neutrophils according to score order in the IBD scRNA-seq data set. Single-cell gene enrichment analysis was used to further explore the biological process of the neutrophils.

Results
A total of 13 crosstalk genes (IL1B, CSF3, CXCL1, CXCL6, FPR1, FCGR3B, SELE, MMP7, PROK2, SRGN, FCN1, TDO2 and CYP24A1) were identified via DEGs analysis and WGCNA by combining PD and CD data sets. The enrichment analysis showed that these genes were involved in interleukin-10 signaling and inflammatory response. The immune infiltration analysis showed a significant difference in the proportion of neutrophils in PD and CD compared with healthy patients. Neutrophils were scored based on the expression of a periodontitis-related gene set in the scRNA-seq data set of IBD. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that inflammatory response, TNFα signaling via NF-κB and interferon-gamma response were upregulated in the high-score group, which expressed more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared with the low-score group.

Conclusions
This study reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism linking periodontitis and IBD through crosstalk genes and neutrophils, which provides a theoretical framework for future research.
Perspective: Social License as a Lens for Improving Ethical and Welfare Standards in Cephalopod Research
Authors: Crook Robyn J 
Published: July 2023

Synopsis
Interest in cephalopods as comparative models in neuroscience, cognition, behavior, and ecology is surging due to recent advances in culture and experimental techniques. Although cephalopods have a long history in research, their use had remained limited due to the challenges of funding work on comparative models, the lack of modern techniques applicable to them, and the small number of labs with the facilities to keep and house large numbers of healthy animals for long periods. Breakthroughs in each of these areas are now creating new interest in cephalopods from researchers who trained and worked in other models, as well as allowing established cephalopod labs to grow and collaborate more widely. This broadening of the field is essential to its long-term health, but also brings with it new and heightened scrutiny from animal rights organizations, federal regulatory agencies, and members of the public. As a community, it is critical that scientists working with cephalopods engage in discussions, studies, and communication that promote high standards for cephalopod welfare. The concept of “social license to operate,” more commonly encountered in industry, recreation, and agriculture, provides a useful lens through which to view proactive steps the cephalopod research community may take to ensure a strong future for our field. In this Perspective, I discuss recent progress in cephalopod ethics and welfare studies, and use the conceptual framework of Social License to Operate to propose a forward-looking, public-facing strategy for the parallel development of welfare-focused best practices and scientific breakthroughs.
Biventricular repair using subvalvular techniques for unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect
Authors: Shinohara Gen , Oda Shinichiro , Fujita Satoshi , Shiose Akira 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report the case of a 19-month-old girl with a right-dominant unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect and severe right-sided atrioventricular valve regurgitation who underwent biventricular repair using basal chordae resection, artificial chordae reconstruction and a left-sided atrioventricular valvuloplasty. At 14-month postoperative follow-up, the patient had minimal heart failure, gained weight and adapted to biventricular circulation.
Broken stitch detection system for industrial sewing machines using HSV color space and image processing techniques
Authors: Kim Hyungjung , Lee Hyunsu , Ahn Semin , Jung Woo-Kyun , Ahn Sung-Hoon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sewing defect detection is an essential step in garment production quality control. Although sewing defects significantly influence the quality of clothing, they are yet to be studied widely compared to fabric defects. In this study, to address sewing defect detection and develop an appropriate method for small and labor-intensive garment companies, an on-machine broken stitch detection system is proposed. In hardware, a versatile mounting kit, including clamping, display, and adjustable linkage for a camera, is presented for easy installation on a typical industrial sewing machine and for placing the camera close to the sewing position. Additionally, a prototype is implemented using a low-cost single-board computer, Raspberry Pi 4 B, its camera, and Python language. For automated broken stitch detection, a method is proposed that includes removing the texture of the background fabric, image processing in the HSV color space, and edge detection for robust broken detection under various fabric and thread colors and lighting conditions. The proposed system demonstrates reasonable real-time detection accuracy. The maximum accuracy obtained on a sewing stitch dataset with 880 images and on-site tests of various industrial sewing machines is 82.5%, which is 12.1–34.6% higher than that of the two existing methods.
Estrogen receptor α-mediated signaling inhibits type I interferon response to promote breast carcinogenesis
Authors: Cao Li-Bo , Ruan Zi-Lun , Yang Yu-Lin , Zhang Nian-Chao , Gao Chuan , Cai Cheguo , Zhang Jing , Hu Ming-Ming , Shu Hong-Bing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an important driver and therapeutic target in ∼70% of breast cancers. How ERα drives breast carcinogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we show that ERα is a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) response. Activation of ERα by its natural ligand estradiol inhibits IFN-β-induced transcription of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), whereas ERα deficiency or the stimulation with its antagonist fulvestrant has opposite effects. Mechanistically, ERα induces the expression of the histone 2A variant H2A.Z to restrict the engagement of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex to the promoters of ISGs and also interacts with STAT2 to disrupt the assembly of the ISGF3 complex. These two events mutually lead to the inhibition of ISG transcription induced by type I IFNs. In a xenograft mouse model, fulvestrant enhances the ability of IFN-β to suppress ERα+ breast tumor growth. Consistently, clinical data analysis reveals that ERα+ breast cancer patients with higher levels of ISGs exhibit higher long-term survival rates. Taken together, our findings suggest that ERα inhibits type I IFN response via two distinct mechanisms to promote breast carcinogenesis.
Patients’ attitudes and preferences toward delayed disease progression in the absence of improved survival
Authors: Brundage Michael D , Booth Christopher M , Eisenhauer Elizabeth A , Galica Jacqueline , Kankesan Janarthanan , Karim Safiya , Koven Rachel , McDonald Valerie , Ng Terry , O’Donnell Jennifer , ten Hove Julia , Robinson Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer patients’ attitudes toward progression-free survival (PFS) gains offered by treatment are not well understood, particularly in the absence of overall survival (OS) gains. The objectives were to describe patients’ willingness to accept treatment that offers PFS gains without OS gains, to compare these findings with treatments offering OS gains, and to qualitatively summarize patients’ reasons for their preferences.

Methods
A multicenter, cross-sectional, convergent mixed-methods study design recruited patients who had received at least 3 months of systemic therapy for incurable solid tumors. A treatment trade-off exercise determined the gains in imaging PFS that patients require to prefer additional systemic treatment for a scenario of a newly diagnosed, asymptomatic, incurable abdominal tumor. A qualitative, descriptive, thematic analysis explored factors influencing patients’ decisions, and a narrative method integrated the quantitative and qualitative findings.

Results
In total, 100 patients participated (63% were older than 60 years of age). If additional treatment with added toxicity offered no OS advantage, 17% would prefer it for no PFS benefit; 26% for some PFS benefit (range, 3-9 months), whereas 51% would decline it regardless of PFS benefit. Similarly, 71% preferred additional treatment offering a 6-month OS advantage dependent on described toxicity levels (P = .03). A spectrum of reasons for these preferences reflected the complexity of participants’ attitudes and values.

Conclusions
Prolongation of time to progression was not universally valued. Most patients did not prefer treatments that negatively affect quality of life for PFS gains alone. Implications for individual decision making, policy, and trials research are discussed.
An Improved Average Atomic Number Calculation for Estimating Backscatter and Continuum Production in Compounds
Authors: Donovan John , Ducharme Andrew , Schwab Joseph J , Moy Aurélien , Gainsforth Zack , Wade Benjamin , McMorran Benjamin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is often assumed that electron backscatter and continuum (bremsstrahlung) productions emitted from electron-solid interactions during X-ray microanalysis in compounds can be extrapolated from pure element observations by means of the assumption of average atomic number, or Z-bar (Z¯). For pure elements the average Z is equal to the atomic number, but this direct approach fails for compounds. The use of simple atomic fractions yields completely spurious results, and while the commonly used mass fraction Z averaging produces fairly reasonable results, we know from physical considerations that the mass of the neutron plays only a negligible role in such interactions below ∼1 MeV. Therefore, including the mass or atomic weight in such calculations can only introduce further errors in these models. We present an expression utilizing atomic fractions of the atomic numbers of the elements in the compound (Z fraction), with an exponent to account for the variation in nuclear screening as a function of the element Z value.