bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between recovered enthalpy and the shape‐memory effect in shape memory polymers
Authors: Siwakoti Midhan , Mailen Russell W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractShape memory polymers (SMPs) maintain a temporary shape after pre‐straining, wherein the polymer chains are constrained in a non‐equilibrium thermodynamic state. Physical aging lowers the chain conformational energy, which affects the mechanical properties. Herein, we investigate the relationship between physical aging and the shape recovery of SMP sheets, whereas both processes involve motion of polymer chains. We induce conformational changes to polymer chains either by physical aging or via a thermomechanical pre‐straining process. We then quantify structural relaxation via recovered enthalpy measurements using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), and the shape recovery performance using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). We vary pre‐straining holding time, amount, and rate and observe the relationship between physical aging, recovered enthalpy, and the shape recovery performance. The results indicate that an increase in recovered enthalpy correlates with an increase in characteristic shape recovery time. Further, a maximum decrease in recovery time of 65% is observed at the highest strain rate, and only small amounts of recovered enthalpy occur for aging times longer than 16 h. The results provide insight into the relationship between physical aging and its effects on shape memory, which is important for applications requiring storage for long durations.
A gel system with long‐term high‐temperature stability for deep profile modification of high‐temperature oil and gas reservoirs
Authors: Tian Jiang , Liu Jianbin , Liu Shun , Yuan Shibao , Cai Wenbin , Jiang Haiyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProfile modification is the key for efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs, especially high‐temperature reservoirs, which requires the system to have good high‐temperature resistance. According to the characteristics of high‐temperature reservoir, a high temperature gel composed of terpolymer, modified phenolic resin, aromatic amine curing agent and thiourea was developed. The effects of different components on the properties of the gel system were clarified. Then, the long‐term thermal stability under high‐temperature conditions was studied. In addition, the plugging performance of gel system under different permeability and injection volume was studied. Finally, the gelation properties and plugging properties of gel system with the flow distance were studied by simulating the flow of porous media. The results show that the gel system has high strength and suitable gelation time, and it can be adjusted in real time according to different oilfield requirements. In the range of 75–150°C, the gel system had excellent long‐term stability. When the temperature was 75°C, no free water after 120 days, and the viscosity only decreased from 13,131 to 11,254 mPa·s. Even at 150°C, the viscosity was as high as 8350 mPa·s after 120 days, and the free water was only 5.5%. The gel system had good adhesion ability on the porous media surface and strong anti‐flooding properties. When the injection volume was 0.1 pore volume (PV in short), the plugging rate to the sand packed tube was 72.7%. When the injection volume was 0.5 PV, the plugging rate was as high as 97.6%. The plugging rate of the gel system for the sand packed tube with permeability of 500 mD was 98.7% when the injection volume was 0.5 PV. When the permeability increased to 3000 mD, the plugging rate still reached 92.3%. The gel system also had an excellent deep profile control ability, and the viscosity retention of at 60 cm was as high as 96%. When the flow distance was 2 m, the viscosity retention also reached 75%. The rheological properties also shown that the gel system had excellent shearing resistance and adsorption resistance. Finally, combined with the state of the gel system on the surface of the porous media, there was no cementation between the formation sand before the injection, and the sand particles did not stick to each other. After the gel was injected, the adhesion of gel system on the porous media surface was very strong. The 3D network structure was also very dense, the sand particles could have good cementation effect under the adhesion of gel system.
Engineering a microfibrous composite hydrogel with cell actuation‐mediated contractile properties
Authors: Gao Daqian , Glahn Joshua Zev , Hsia Henry C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNatural extracellular matrix is a complex system of nano‐ and micrometer sized fibers creating a porous structure that can be recruited, rearranged and contracted by cells. Modeling appropriate analogues of this dynamic system poses a challenge to the field of tissue engineering. Here, we introduce a shape‐changing modifiable composite hydrogel consisting of cellulose microfibers and degradable fibrin with encapsulated NIH3T3 fibroblasts as a shape‐changing actuator. We demonstrate that the extent of hydrogel contraction is adjustable over a range from 12 to 95% by altering cellulose microfiber concentration and length, along with customizing contraction speed by changing cellular seeding density. Cell viability and proliferation capacity were preserved at seeding densities of up to 16 million/ml even after complete fibrin degradation, likely due to the microporous structural support of the stacked cellulose fibers. The hierarchical, living fibrous construct presented here may provide numerous benefits over existing models and enable various new applications in tissue engineering and in vitro disease modeling.
The effect of chemical crosslinking on the properties of Rotomolded high density polyethylene
Authors: Ahmad Hibal , Rostami‐Tapeh‐Esmaeil Ehsan , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, high density polyethylene (HDPE) was combined with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to produce crosslinked parts via rotational molding. The effect of DCP content (0.1–2.5 phr) on the crosslinking degree was investigated to determine its effect on the chemical, mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of HDPE. The gel content and crosslink density was found to increase with DCP content. These trends led to a reduction in the degree of crystallinity, melting, and crystallization temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that crosslinked HDPE (xHDPE) has higher thermal stability than the neat matrix in both air and nitrogen atmosphere. In addition, a direct relationship was observed between improved thermal resistance and higher impact strength. Finally, relationships between the tensile properties of xHDPE and the degree of crystallinity were observed, which were all controlled by the level of crosslinking. These results have the potential to advance the manufacturing of high performance materials suitable for a wide range of applications such as automotive parts, agricultural products, chemical storage tanks, large waste containers, and fuel tanks in general.
Stretching boundaries in neurophysiological monitoring
Authors: Hou Bo , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe most prevalent among nervous system tumors significantly jeopardize patient health. For nerve integrity preservation after tumor removal, continuous intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (CINM) is indispensable during microsurgery. The paper highlights the articles about the development of a system that employs soft and stretchable organic electronic materials for CINM. This innovative system harnesses soft and stretchable organic electronic materials and deploys conductive polymer electrodes with low impedance and modulus. These electrodes facilitate uninterrupted near‐field action potential recording during surgery, resulting in enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratios and reduced invasiveness. Additionally, the system's multiplexing capabilities enable precise nerve localization, even in the absence of anatomical landmarks.
Creating Impact: Issues, Challenges and Solutions: Sarah Morton Addresses Plenary
Authors: Hardin Steve 
Published: September 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYAt the University of Edinburgh, Sarah Morton studies the process of social research and how it affects policy. In her plenary session at the 2015 ASI&T Annual Meeting she cast research impact as knowledge exchange, bringing together researchers, the ways research is used and consequent change. Morton explained that research is used to solve problems and drive knowledge development, typically with multiple contributors, and applied to alter viewpoints or bring about change. For research to have effect it must be communicated, presented in context and put together with real world experience. While a formal research setting promotes an organization's use of research, time issues, competing priorities and poor communication undermine getting the most benefit. When assessing research impact, the presence of collaborative networks, planned user engagement throughout the process and knowledge sharing strategies gained are key. The focus for research has evolved from knowledge dissemination to recognition of relationships and multiple information sources. Ideally a systems model of knowledge combines priorities, culture and context, mediated by relationships and including both researchers and those who put research findings to use.
Racial and gender differences in financial advice seeking: Evidence from the National Financial Capability Study
Authors: Reiter Miranda , Qing Di 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a growing interest to increase diversity among consumers who are seeking financial advice, but the influences of race and gender on financial advice seeking have not been widely explored in the literature. We examine the role of race and gender on financial advice seeking among U.S. households by employing a decomposition technique. The findings highlight that asking for financial advice is not determined by race or gender in and of itself, but by the racial and gender differences in the predictors associated with financial advice seeking. Black and female consumers were found to be more likely to ask for financial advice when making savings and investment decisions. The relationships between financial advice seeking and income level, employment status, education level, and subjective knowledge differed significantly for Black and White consumers. Employment status, race, and homeownership differed significantly for women and men seeking financial advice. The results show that the predictors which explain financial advice seeking may not apply in the same way to all consumers. Practitioners can use this research to refine how they market and gain a better understanding of how race and gender are associated with certain important variables that are associated with seeking financial advice.
Changes in patient‐perceived aggravating factors during the course of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Yanagida Nozomi , Saito Ryo , Kamegashira Akiko , Morioke Satoshi , Tanaka Akio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify how patient‐perceived aggravating factors change during the course of AD.MethodsThis study involved a questionnaire‐based survey administered to 115 patients with AD at our hospital. The changes in patient‐perceived aggravating factors were examined as treatment progressed by readministering the questionnaire to 36 patients 6 months later.ResultsThe most frequent aggravating factors at the first visit were sweating, emotional stress, and house dust. The number of patients who identified food, dust mites, house dust, pollen, and pets as aggravating factors decreased during the course of the disease. However, the number of patients who identified sweating, environmental factors, emotional stress, and lack of sleep as aggravating factors did not differ from those at the first visit; this included those who newly identified these as aggravating factors.ConclusionMany patients with AD are concerned about the aggravating factors, and it may be possible to reduce aggravating factor‐related anxiety by informing patients that certain aggravating factors may change during treatment. Hence, it is necessary to ask patients about the aggravating factors at the first visit and fixed intervals and resolve them immediately.
Deriving Novel Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectant Scaffolds from a Natural Product: Mechanistic Insights of the Quaternization of Ianthelliformisamine C
Authors: Allen Ryan A. , McCormack Caroline E. M. , Wuest William M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the search for novel quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) disinfectants that can evade bacterial resistance, we turned to natural products as a source of inspiration. Herein we used natural product ianthelliformisamine C as a scaffold to design a small library of QACs. We first synthesized ianthelliformisamine C via an amide coupling that allowed for facile purification without the need for protecting groups. We then alkylated and quaternized the internal amines to yield four novel QACs, but all but one demonstrated no antibacterial activity against the tested strains. Using a combination of membrane depolarization and permeabilization assays, we were able to demonstrate that ianthelliformisamine C and the active QAC analog enact cell death via membrane permeabilization, contrary to prior reports on ianthelliformisamine C's mechanism of action.
A novel room concept for shared resource laboratories
Authors: Kukat Christian , Neumann Eckhard , Fava Eugenio , Fried Hans 
Published: September 2023

AbstractShared resource laboratories/core facilities (SRLs) are centralized platforms that house and provide access to complex and expensive research equipment. Due to the highly complex nature of the instrumentation they support, SRLs have special environmental requirements for their laboratory space. Here, we describe the planning and establishment of a large light microscopy SRL, with a special focus on room layout, custom‐designed air conditioning and vibration, which can also be adapted to proteomics, genomics, and flow or mass cytometry SRLs.
Spontaneous infant crying modulates vagal activity in real time
Authors: Madden‐Rusnak Anna , Micheletti Megan , Dominguez Alexis , de Barbaro Kaya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPorges’ polyvagal theory (1991) proposes that the activity of the vagal nerve modulates moment‐by‐moment changes in adaptive behavior during stress. However, most work, including research with infants, has only examined vagal changes at low temporal resolutions, averaging 30+ s across phases of structured stressor paradigms. Thus, the true timescale of vagal regulation—and the extent to which it can be observed during unprompted crying—is unknown. The current study utilized a recently validated method to calculate respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) dynamically at a high resolution of 5 Hz (updated every 200 ms) in a home‐based infant study. Using an event‐related analysis, we calculated the relative change in RSA around the onset of naturally occurring unprompted instances of n = 41 infants’ 180 crying events. As predicted, RSA significantly decreased after the onset of crying compared to non‐crying chance changes in RSA. Decreasing trends in RSA were driven by infants with higher pre‐cry RSA values, infants rated lower in Negative Affectivity, and those rated both high and low in Orienting by their mothers. Our results display the timescale of RSA in spontaneous and naturalistic episodes of infant crying and that these dynamic RSA patterns are aligned with real‐time levels of RSA and also caregiver‐reported temperament.
Knowledge and attitudes of gout patients and their perspectives about diagnosis and management: A cross‐sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khormi Abdulrahman A. M. , Basalem Abdulaziz A. , Al Muaddi Alhaytham M. Z. , Alaskar Abdulaziz M. , Algahtani Rakan A. S. , Alharbi Abdulsalam S. , Alanazi Tariq D. M. , Alqahtani Nawaf A. , Altamimi Abdulrahman A. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundGout is a chronic noncommunicable disease that might lead to multiple systemic complications if it is left untreated. The knowledge, attitudes, and perceptives among patients toward the diagnosis and management of gout are important indicators in determining the prognosis and predicting sequelae of the disease. This cross‐sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives of patients diagnosed with gout toward the disease diagnosis and treatment.MethodologyAn observational cross‐sectional study was conducted at university clinics and local health facilities in central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for the duration between April and August 2022. Pearson χ2 test was used to determine the difference in the proportion of patients who adapt different attitudes and perspectives in terms of their demographic variables. Statistical significance was defined as a p value less than .05.ResultsTwo‐hundred thirteen patients were involved in this study. The majority of the patients (84.0%) were diagnosed for more than 1 year. The majority of the patients (76.5%) were aged 25–60 years when they were diagnosed with gout. The most common complaint at the time of the diagnosis was joint pain (73.7%). The most commonly reported gout medication treatment being used was allopurinol accounting for 23.0%. The majority of the patients (83.6%) were satisfied regarding the effects of gout management on their job performance, work life, and careers. The vast majority (97.5%) reported that they are satisfied with the health service provided.ConclusionThe patients diagnosed with gout in Saudi Arabia exhibited a satisfactory level of information, attitude, and perspectives regarding their condition. The participants expressed a significant degree of satisfaction with the impact of gout management on their occupational performance, work‐life balance, and professional plans. Additional research is necessary to ascertain the risk factors associated with gout and provide suitable preventative interventions.
Three cases of xanthinuria identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based urine metabolomics
Authors: Kuhara Tomiko , Tetsuo Masahiro , Ohse Morimasa , Shirakawa Toshihiko , Nakashima Yumiko , Yoshiura Koh‐ichiro , Tanaka Nagaaki , Taya Tadashi 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionEarly diagnosis of patients with urolithiasis or hypouricemia owing to inborn errors of hypoxanthine metabolism is important in preventing renal failure or drug‐induced toxicity.Case presentationWe identified three patients with xanthinuria using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based urine metabolomics: a 72‐year‐old male with bladder stone, a severe hypouricemic 59‐year‐old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and an 8‐year and 9‐month‐old female who was first discovered to harbor a mutation in the xanthine dehydrogenase gene using whole‐exome sequencing, but had a normal molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene. Hydantoin‐5‐propionate was detected in the first and third patients but not in the second, suggesting that the first and second patients had type I and II xanthinuria, respectively.ConclusionGas chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics can be used for undiagnosed patients with xanthinuria, identification of the type of xanthinuria without allopurinol loading, and the quick functional evaluation of mutations in the xanthinuria‐related genes.
Using a group game increases preschoolers' step count
Authors: Mercado Baez Alexandra N. , Elliott Tyler‐Curtis C. , Ayres Kevin M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildren should engage in at least 60 min of physical activity daily to develop or maintain healthy habits (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021a). Previous research suggests that contingent attention is a powerful tool for increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity. In this study, the researchers examined the effects of a group game on steps per minute at recess in an inclusive classroom with preschoolers. The researcher taught the game called the T‐Rex game in which the game rules (chasing students who were moving) involved contingencies for natural attention to follow moderate to vigorous physical activity. The results showed a functional relation between step count and the group game in which students engaged in higher step counts when the group game was in place than during baseline. These findings extend other work by demonstrating that contingent attention embedded in group games can increase step count.
The effect of supplementing the calcium phosphate cement containing poloxamer 407 on cellular activities
Authors: Kim Yeeun , Hamada Kenichi , Sekine Kazumitsu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) is generally used for bone repair and augmentation. Poloxamers are tri‐block copolymers that are used as surfactants but have applications in drug and antibiotic delivery. However, their biological effects on bone regeneration systems remain unelucidated. Here, we aimed to understand how supplementing the prototype CPC with poloxamer would impact cellular activity and its function as a bone‐grafting material. A novel CPC, modified beta‐tricalcium phosphate (mβ‐TCP) powder, was developed through a planetary ball‐milling process using a beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP). The mβ‐TCP dissolves rapidly and accelerates hydroxyapatite precipitation; successfully shortening the cement setting time and enhancing the strength. Furthermore, the addition of poloxamer 407 to mβ‐TCP could reduce the risk of leakage from bone defects and improve fracture toughness while maintaining mechanical properties. In this study, the poloxamer addition effects (0.05 and 0.1 g/mL) on the cellular activities of MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured in vitro were investigated. The cell viability of mβ‐TCP containing poloxamer 407 was similar to that of mβ‐TCP. All specimens showed effective cell attachment and healthy polygonal extension of the cytoplasm firmly attached to hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. Therefore, even with the addition of poloxamer to mβ‐TCP, it does not have a negative effect to osteoblast growth. These data demonstrated that the addition of poloxamer 407 to mβ‐TCP might be considered a potential therapeutic application for the repair and regeneration of bone defects.
Unleashing efficiency and insights: Exploring the potential applications and challenges of ChatGPT in accounting
Authors: Zhao Joanna (Jingwen) , Wang Xinruo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChatGPT, an advanced natural language processing (NLP) model based on GPT‐4 architecture, demonstrates exceptional ability in comprehending, interpreting, and generating human‐like writings. Our study explores ChatGPT's potential applications and challenges in the accounting field. With cutting‐edge NLP capabilities, ChatGPT has the prospect of reshaping various accounting processes by automating repetitive tasks, enhancing financial and managerial reporting and analysis, improving auditing and tax practices, and simplifying client interactions. Meanwhile, recognizing and mitigating possible limitations are vital to ensure the ethical and reliable utilization of AI and NLP techniques in the accounting and business sectors. Our study provides practical insights for accounting professionals, policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders to leverage this cutting‐edge technology to revolutionize the accounting profession, echoing society's ideal blueprint for a promising AI‐empowered economy.