bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of circulating cytokine production in alcoholic patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Souza Alex Bruno da Silva , De Souza Joelma Nascimento , Oliveira Cíntia de Lima , Barreto Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira , Costa Wéslei Almeida , Oliveira Ricardo Riccio , Teixeira Márcia Cristina Aquino , Soares Neci Matos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStrongyloidiasis control is associated with a Th2 immune response. However, alcohol ingestion plays an important role in modulating the immune system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in alcoholic patients, the levels of circulating cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐15 and IL‐17), and its correlation with modulation of parasitic load in alcoholic individuals infected with S. stercoralis. A total of 336 alcoholic patients, treated at the Alcoholic Care and Treatment Center were included in this study. The cytokine levels were measured by a commercial ELISA in 80 sera divided into four groups with 20 individuals each: alcoholics infected (ASs+) and not infected (ASs‐) with S. stercoralis and non‐alcoholics infected (NASs+) and not infected (NASs‐) with the helminth. S. stercoralis frequency in alcoholic patients was 16.1% (54/336). The parasitic load varied from 1 to 546 larvae/g of faeces, median and interquartile range (IQR) of 9 and 1.0–62.5 larvae/g of faeces, while in non‐alcoholic individuals the parasitic load was less than 10 larvae/g of faeces. Levels of circulating IL‐4 were significantly higher in ASs+ when compared with NASs‐ group (p < .05). An inverse correlation between serum levels of IFN‐γ and parasitic load in alcoholic patients infected with S. stercoralis was observed (r = −601; p < 0.01). These results suggest that modulation of IFN‐γ production occurs in alcoholic individuals with high parasitic burden.
Association of faecal volatiles and steroids with behavioural expression during oestrous cycle of sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Yaseen Anjaleena , Hussain Tarique , Hameed Amjad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study was investigated to determine the faecal volatiles, steroid hormones and their correlation with behavioural signs during oestrous cycle in sheep (Ovis aries). This experiment was monitored from pro‐oestrous to met‐oestrous phases for correlation of endocrine dependence biochemical constituents in faeces and blood to detection of oestrous biomarkers. Medroxyprogesterone acetate sponges were used for 8 days to bring uniformity of oestrus in sheep. Faeces were collected during different phases of cycle and subjected to determination of fatty acids, minerals, oestrogens and progesterone analysis. Likewise, blood samples were also obtained for enzymatic and no‐enzymatic antioxidants. The results revealed that faecal progesterone and oestrogen levels significantly increased during pro‐oestrous and oestrous phase, respectively (p < .05). The blood plasma enzymatic levels showed significant demarcation during the oestrous phase than other periods (p < .05). There were also reported marked variations in volatile fatty acids across different phases of the oestrous cycle. Interestingly, methyl octanoate, methyl cis‐10 pentadecenoate and methyl heptadecanoate volatiles were found to be specific to oestrus period. In addition, methyl hexanoate, methyl palmitoleate and methyl cis‐9 oleate were identified in met‐oestrus, indicating their possible role to be an oestrous biomarker. It is concluded that the pattern of volatile compounds and faecal steroids, in association with behavioural patterns, could be measured as a non‐invasive method of heat detection in sheep.
Successful treatment of 5‐fluorouracil toxicosis with hemodialysis
Authors: Henry Jessica S. , Buoncompagni Simona , Ross Sheri , Istvan Stephanie A. , Rizzo Kaila , Cowgill Larry D. , Press Saya A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the successful treatment of lethal dose 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) toxicosis using hemodialysis.Case SummaryA 4‐month‐old intact female Golden Retriever was presented to the emergency department after ingesting 20 g of 5% 5‐FU cream. The puppy developed refractory seizures and became comatose with uncontrolled tonic–clonic convulsions. Because of the low molecular weight and minimal protein binding of 5‐FU, a single hemodialysis treatment was employed for detoxification. The puppy improved clinically posttreatment and was successfully discharged 3 days after admission. Postingestion leukopenia and neutropenia occurred but were responsive to treatment with filgrastim. The puppy is neurologically normal and has no lasting effects 1 year postingestion.New or Unique Information ProvidedTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case in veterinary medicine of a potentially fatal 5‐FU ingestion that has been treated with intermittent hemodialysis.
Accuracy of data in abstracts of veterinary ophthalmology research articles published in peer‐reviewed journals
Authors: Handel Karin W. , Ofri Ron , Sebbag Lionel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAssess the accuracy of abstracts in published veterinary ophthalmology articles.ProceduresAbstracts and contents of 204 original research articles in veterinary ophthalmology published in seven peer‐reviewed journals between 2016–2020 were reviewed. Abstracts were considered inconsistent if they contained data that were either missing from or inconsistent with corresponding data in the article's body. Each abstract was graded between 0 (inaccurate) to 3 (accurate), and each inconsistency was subjectively classified as minor or major. The influence of selected variables was assessed: journal, impact factor, year of publication, number of words in abstract, study type (prospective/retrospective), and characteristics of the corresponding author [institution (academia/private practice), country of domicile (native/non‐native English), number of publications].ResultsMost abstracts were accurate, with 1%, 4%, 9% and 86% receiving a score of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. When detected, most inconsistencies were considered minor (77%). Although not statistically significant (p ≥ .130), the proportion of articles with a perfect score (=3) was higher in prospective (88%) vs. retrospective (81%) studies, academia (88%) vs. private practice (78%), and studies from corresponding authors domiciled in English (89%) vs. non‐English (83%) speaking countries. A significant but very weak (r = −0.15 to −0.19; p ≤ .034) negative correlation was found between accuracy score and number of words, as well as 1‐year and 5‐year impact factors.ConclusionsAlthough relatively uncommon, data in abstracts that are inconsistent or missing from the article's body do occur in veterinary ophthalmology articles, and could adversely influence a reader's interpretation of study findings.
The role of systematics for understanding ecosystem functions: Proceedings of the Zoologica Scripta Symposium, Oslo, Norway, 25 August 2022
Authors: Bachmann Lutz , Beermann Jan , Brey Thomas , de Boer Hugo J. , Dannheim Jennifer , Edvardsen Bente , Ericson Per G. P. , Holston Kevin C. , Johansson Veronika A. , Kloss Paul , Konijnenberg Rebecca , Osborn Karen J. , Pappalardo Paula , Pehlke Hendrik , Piepenburg Dieter , Struck Torsten H. , Sundberg Per , Markussen Stine Svalheim , Teschke Katharina , Vanhove Maarten P. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn 25 August 2022, the Zoologica Scripta ‐ An International Journal of Systematic Zoology and the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters arranged a symposium entitled ‘The role of systematics for understanding ecosystem functions’ in the Academy's premises in Oslo, Norway. The symposium aimed at offering a forum for exploring and discussing trends and future developments in the field of systematics. Eleven international experts contributed expertise on various issues related to global challenges, such as biodiversity assessments, databases, cutting‐edge analysis tools, and the consequences of the taxonomic impediment. Here, we compiled a multi‐author proceedings paper of the symposium contributions that are arranged in chapters and presents the content and the key conclusions of the majority of the presentations.
Characteristics and predictors of persistent symptoms post-COVID-19 in children and young people: a large community cross-sectional study in England
Authors: Atchison Christina J , Whitaker Matthew , Donnelly Christl A , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Riley Steven , Darzi Ara , Ashby Deborah , Barclay Wendy , Cooke Graham S , Elliott Paul , Ward Helen 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of, and associated risk factors for, persistent symptoms post-COVID-19 among children aged 5–17 years in England.DesignSerial cross-sectional study.SettingRounds 10–19 (March 2021 to March 2022) of the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 study (monthly cross-sectional surveys of random samples of the population in England).Study populationChildren aged 5–17 years in the community.PredictorsAge, sex, ethnicity, presence of a pre-existing health condition, index of multiple deprivation, COVID-19 vaccination status and dominant UK circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant at time of symptom onset.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of persistent symptoms, reported as those lasting ≥3 months post-COVID-19.ResultsOverall, 4.4% (95% CI 3.7 to 5.1) of 3173 5–11 year-olds and 13.3% (95% CI 12.5 to 14.1) of 6886 12–17 year-olds with prior symptomatic infection reported at least one symptom lasting ≥3 months post-COVID-19, of whom 13.5% (95% CI 8.4 to 20.9) and 10.9% (95% CI 9.0 to 13.2), respectively, reported their ability to carry out day-to-day activities was reduced ‘a lot’ due to their symptoms. The most common symptoms among participants with persistent symptoms were persistent coughing (27.4%) and headaches (25.4%) in children aged 5–11 years and loss or change of sense of smell (52.2%) and taste (40.7%) in participants aged 12–17 years. Higher age and having a pre-existing health condition were associated with higher odds of reporting persistent symptoms.ConclusionsOne in 23 5–11 year-olds and one in eight 12–17 year-olds post-COVID-19 report persistent symptoms lasting ≥3 months, of which one in nine report a large impact on performing day-to-day activities.
Association between physical activity and the time course of cancer recurrence in stage III colon cancer
Authors: Brown Justin C , Ma Chao , Shi Qian , Niedzwiecki Donna , Zemla Tyler , Couture Felix , Kuebler Philip , Kumar Pankaj , Hopkins Judith O , Tan Benjamin , Krishnamurthi Smitha , O'Reilly Eileen M , Shields Anthony F , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveWe determined if postoperative physical activity prevents or delays cancer recurrence in patients with stage III colon cancer.MethodsThis cohort study nested within a randomised trial enrolled 1696 patients with surgically resected stage III colon cancer. Physical activity was calculated based on self-reporting during and after chemotherapy. Patients were classified as physically active (≥9 MET-h/wk, comparable with the energy expenditure of 150 min/wk of brisk walking, consistent with the current physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors) or physically inactive (<9 MET-h/wk). The confounder-adjusted hazard rate (risk of recurrence or death) and HR by physical activity category were estimated with continuous time to allow non-proportionality of hazards.ResultsDuring a median 5.9 years follow-up, 457 patients experienced disease recurrence or death. For physically active and physically inactive patients, the risk of disease recurrence peaked between 1 and 2 years postoperatively and declined gradually to year 5. The risk of recurrence in physically active patients never exceeded that of physically inactive patients during follow-up, suggesting that physical activity prevents—as opposed to delays—cancer recurrence in some patients. A statistically significant disease-free survival benefit associated with physical activity was observed during the first postoperative year (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.92). A statistically significant overall survival benefit associated with physical activity was observed during the first three postoperative years (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.51).ConclusionsIn this observational study of patients with stage III colon cancer, postoperative physical activity is associated with improved disease-free survival by lowering the recurrence rate within the first year of treatment, which translates into an overall survival benefit.
Antiracism in leading public health universities, journals and funders: commitments, accountability and the decision-makers
Authors: Rahman-Shepherd Afifah , Erondu Ngozi A , Anwar Bakht , Boro Ezekiel , Chau Thuy Duyen , Guinto Renzo R , Hollmann Lara , Mejarito Jerome Alan , Rasheed Muneera A , Khan Mishal 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionTwo years since the murder of George Floyd, there has been unprecedented attention to racial justice by global public health organisations. Still, there is scepticism that attention alone will lead to real change.MethodsWe identified the highest-ranked 15 public health universities, academic journals and funding agencies, and used a standardised data extraction template to analyse the organisation’s governance structures, leadership dynamics and public statements on antiracism since 1 May 2020.ResultsWe found that the majority of organisations (26/45) have not made any public statements in response to calls for antiracism actions, and that decision-making bodies are still lacking diversity and representation from the majority of the world’s population. Of those organisations that have made public statements (19/45), we identified seven types of commitments including policy change, financial resources, education and training. Most commitments were not accompanied by accountability measures, such as setting goals or developing metrics of progress, which raises concerns about how antiracism commitments are being tracked, as well as how they can be translated into tangible action.ConclusionThe absence of any kind of public statement paired with the greater lack of commitments and accountability measures calls into question whether leading public health organisations are concretely committed to racial justice and antiracism reform.
Adherence to physical rehabilitation delivered via tele-rehabilitation for people with multiple sclerosis: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Goldsmith Geraldine , Bollen Jessica C , Salmon Victoria E , Freeman Jennifer A , Dean Sarah G 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionUsing tele-rehabilitation methods to deliver exercise, physical activity (PA) and behaviour change interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) has increased in recent years, especially since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding adherence to therapeutic exercise and PA delivered via tele-rehabilitation for pwMS.Methods and analysisFrameworks described by Arksey and O’Malley and Levacet alunderpin the methods. The following databases will be searched from 1998 to the present: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Health Management Information Consortium Database, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Pedro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, US National Library of Medicine Registry of Clinical Trials, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform portal and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. To identify papers not included in databases, relevant websites will be searched. Searches are planned for 2023. With the exception of study protocols, papers on any study design will be included. Papers reporting information regarding adherence in the context of prescribed therapeutic exercise and PA delivered via tele-rehabilitation for pwMS will be included. Information relating to adherence may comprise; methods of reporting adherence, adherence levels (eg, exercise diaries, pedometers), investigation of pwMS’ and therapists’ experiences of adherence or a discussion of adherence. Eligibility criteria and a custom data extraction form will be piloted on a sample of papers. Quality assessment of included studies will use Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. Data analysis will involve categorisation, enabling findings relating to study characteristics and research questions to be presented in narrative and tabular format.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not required for this protocol. Findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. Consultation with pwMS and clinicians will help to identify other dissemination methods.
What do we know about the psychosocial issues associated with cancer during pregnancy? A scoping review and gap analysis
Authors: Harris Jenny , Ream Emma , Armes Jo , Gibson Faith , Marcu Afrodita , Parsons Catherine Treena , Robinson Ann , Varghese Sherin , Poole Karen 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThere is a global increase in the number of women diagnosed with cancer during their pregnancy and a nascent evidence base to guide their supportive care. The purposes of this study were to (1) map research on the psychosocial issues affecting women and their partners on diagnosis and treatment for cancer during pregnancy; (2) determine available supportive care or educational interventions; and (3) identify knowledge gaps for future research and development.DesignScoping review.Search strategySix databases were searched (Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Intermid, Maternal and Infant Health) to retrieve primary research (January 1995 to November 2021) investigating women and/or their partner’s decision-making and their psychosocial outcomes during and after pregnancy.Data extraction and synthesisSociodemographic, gestational and disease characteristics of participants and psychosocial issues identified were extracted. Leventhal’s self-regulatory model of illness provided a framework for mapping study findings enabling evidence synthesis and gap analysis.ResultsTwelve studies were included, conducted in eight countries in six continents. Most women (70% of 217) were diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy. Reporting of sociodemographic, psychiatric, obstetric and oncological characteristics that are important in assessing psychosocial outcomes was inconsistent. None of the studies had a longitudinal design and no supportive care or educational interventions were identified. The gap analysis highlighted the lack of evidence about pathways to diagnosis, impact of late effects and how internal/social resources may affect outcomes.ConclusionsResearch has focused on women with gestational breast cancer. Little is known about those diagnosed with other cancers. We encourage future study designs to capture data on sociodemographic, obstetric, oncological and psychiatric characteristics and adopt a longitudinal approach to explore the longer term psychosocial impact on women and their families. Future research should include outcomes that are meaningful for women (and their partners) and draw on international collaboration to accelerate progress in this field.
Qualitative study exploring the feasibility of using medication monitors and a differentiated care approach to support adherence among people receiving TB treatment in South Africa
Authors: Mukora Rachel , Maraba Noriah , Orrell Catherine , Jennings Lauren , Naidoo Pren , Mbatha M Thulani , Velen Kavindhran , Fielding Katherine , Charalambous Salome , Chetty-Makkan Candice Maylene 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe tuberculosis (TB) MATE study evaluated whether a differentiated care approach (DCA) based on tablet-taking data from Wisepill evriMED digital adherence technology could improve TB treatment adherence. The DCA entailed a stepwise increase in adherence support starting from short message service (SMS) to phone calls, followed by home visits and motivational counselling. We explored feasibility of this approach with providers in implementing clinics.DesignBetween June 2020 and February 2021, in-depth interviews were conducted in the provider’s preferred language, audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. The interview guide included three categories: feasibility, system-level challenges and sustainability of the intervention. We assessed saturation and used thematic analysis.SettingPrimary healthcare clinics in three provinces of South Africa.ParticipantsWe conducted 25 interviews with 18 staff and 7 stakeholders.ResultsThree major themes emerged: First, providers were supportive of the intervention being integrated into the TB programme and were eager to be trained on the device as it helped to monitor treatment adherence. Second, there were challenges in the adoption system such as shortage of human resources which could serve as a barrier to information provision once the intervention is scaled up. Healthcare workers reported that some patients received incorrect SMS’s due to delays in the system that contributed to distrust. Third, DCA was considered as a key aspect of the intervention by some staff and stakeholders since it allowed for support based on individual needs.ConclusionsIt was feasible to monitor TB treatment adherence using the evriMED device and DCA. To ensure successful scale-up of the adherence support system, emphasis will need to be placed on ensuring that the device and the network operate optimally and continued support on adhering to treatment which will enable people with TB to take ownership of their treatment journey and help overcome TB-related stigma.Trial registration numberPan African Trial Registry PACTR201902681157721.
Opioid prescriptions after knee replacement: a retrospective study of pathways and prognostic factors in the Swiss healthcare setting
Authors: Wirth Kevin , Bähler Caroline , Boes Stefan , Näpflin Markus , Huber Carola A , Blozik Eva 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe optimal use of opioids after knee replacement (KR) remains to be determined, given the growing evidence that opioids are no more effective than other analgesics and that their adverse effects can impair quality of life. Therefore, the objective is to examine opioid prescriptions after KR.DesignIn this retrospective study, we used descriptive statistics and estimated the association of prognostic factors using generalised negative binomial models.SettingThe study is based on anonymised claims data of patients with mandatory health insurance at Helsana, a leading Swiss health insurance.ParticipantsOverall, 9122 patients undergoing KR between 2015 and 2018 were identified.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBased on reimbursed bills, we calculated the dosage (morphine equivalent dose, MED) and the episode length (acute: <90 days; subacute: ≥90 to <120 days or <10 claims; chronic: ≥90 days and ≥10 claims or ≥120 days). The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for postoperative opioids were calculated.ResultsOf all patients, 3445 (37.8%) received opioids in the postoperative year. A large majority had acute episodes (3067, 89.0%), 2211 (65.0%) had peak MED levels above 100 mg/day and most patients received opioids in the first 10 postoperative weeks (2881, 31.6%). Increasing age (66–75 and >75 vs 18–65) was associated with decreased IRR (0.776 (95% CI 0.7 to 0.859); 0.723 (95% CI 0.649 to 0.805)), whereas preoperative non-opioid analgesics and opioids were associated with higher IRR (1.271 (95% CI 1.155 to 1.399); 3.977 (95% CI 4.409 to 3.591)).ConclusionThe high opioid demand is unexpected given that current recommendations advise using opioids only when other pain therapies are ineffective. To ensure medication safety, it is important to consider alternative treatment options and ensure that benefits outweigh potential risks.