bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foundations of support: Processes associated with adolescents supporting a peer who experienced a traumatic event
Authors: Dolan Erin , Cosgrave Catherine , Killackey Eóin , Allott Kelly 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited research on how supporting a peer through a traumatic event is experienced by adolescents. The aim of this research was to understand the personal and interpersonal processes of adolescents supporting a peer who experienced a traumatic event based on youth definitions.MethodIn‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 adolescents aged 14–19, residing in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. A constructivist grounded theory methodology was used to develop a substantive theory.ResultsThe substantive theory ‘Foundations of Support’ was developed which explained the support process phenomena. Specifically, adolescents who had shared responsibility for supporting their peers went back to life as normal, whereas adolescents who maintained sole responsibility experienced mental health problems.DiscussionThe ‘Foundations of Support’ grounded theory highlights the importance of adolescents having strong connections to their trusted others, such as family, friends and community. This theory implies that facilitating connections with positive supports such as place and community are essential in guiding adolescents back to their foundations of support. Without strong connections, adolescents are at risk of maintaining sole responsibility, losing their sense of identity and feeling alienated within their community.
The allopurinol metabolite, oxypurinol, drives oligoclonal expansions of drug‐reactive T cells in resolved hypersensitivity cases and drug‐naïve healthy donors
Authors: Mifsud Nicole A. , Illing Patricia T. , Ho Rebecca , Tuomisto Johanna E. , Fettke Heidi , Mullan Kerry A. , McCluskey James , Rossjohn Jamie , Vivian Julian , Reantragoon Rangsima , Purcell Anthony W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAllopurinol (ALP) is a successful drug used in the treatment of gout. However, this drug has been implicated in hypersensitivity reactions that can cause severe to life‐threatening reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Individuals who carry the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*58:01 allotype are at higher risk of experiencing a hypersensitivity reaction (odds ratios ranging from 5.62 to 580.3 for mild to severe reactions, respectively). In addition to the parent drug, the metabolite oxypurinol (OXP) is implicated in triggering T cell‐mediated immunopathology via a labile interaction with HLA‐B*58:01. To date, there has been limited information regarding the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire usage of reactive T cells in patients with ALP‐induced SJS or TEN and, in particular, there are no reports examining paired αβTCRs. Here, using in vitro drug‐treated PBMCs isolated from both resolved ALP‐induced SJS/TEN cases and drug‐naïve healthy donors, we show that OXP is the driver of CD8+ T cell‐mediated responses and that drug‐exposed memory T cells can exhibit a proinflammatory immunophenotype similar to T cells described during active disease. Furthermore, this response supported the pharmacological interaction with immune receptors (p‐i) concept by showcasing (i) the labile metabolite interaction with peptide/HLA complexes, (ii) immunogenic complex formation at the cell surface, and (iii) lack of requirement for antigen processing to elicit drug‐induced T cell responsiveness. Examination of paired OXP‐induced αβTCR repertoires highlighted an oligoclonal and private clonotypic profile in both resolved ALP‐induced SJS/TEN cases and drug‐naïve healthy donors.
Perinatal outcomes after therapeutic rest in the latent phase of labor: A cohort study
Authors: Bagger Nanna T. , Milidou Ioanna , Boie Sidsel , Glavind Julie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic rest refers to the usage of medication to relieve pain in women in the latent phase of labor. Very few data are available to evaluate the safety and effect of its use.The objectives of this study were to compare perinatal and labor outcomes in women who were seeking hospital care during the latent phase of labor and who were treated either with or without therapeutic rest.Material and methodsRetrospective cohort study with inclusion of nulliparous singleton pregnant women in the latent phase of labor presenting at the labor ward at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark from May 13, 2018 to June 1, 2021. We identified two groups: women who were treated with therapeutic rest and women who were not. The primary outcomes were neonatal admission and neonatal resuscitation. Secondary outcomes included use of cardiotocography during labor, nonreactive fetal heart rate, meconium‐stained amniotic fluid, pediatric delivery room assistance, umbilical cord arterial pH and standard base excess, Apgar score at 5 minutes, interventions during labor and mode of delivery.ResultsIn our sample of 800 women in the latent phase of labor, 414 women (52%) were treated with therapeutic rest and 386 women (48%) were not. The most frequently used (n = 206) medication for therapeutic rest was a combination of paracetamol, triazolam and codeine. We found no significant difference in neonatal admission (9.2% vs 6.5%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4–3.1) or neonatal resuscitation (2.4% vs 3.1%, aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.1–4.0) between women treated with or without therapeutic rest. There were no differences between the two groups in other perinatal adverse outcomes, interventions during labor or mode of delivery.ConclusionsThis study found no significant association between therapeutic rest and neonatal admission or resuscitation. Our findings indicate that therapeutic rest is a safe method for managing the latent phase of labor concerning neonatal health and does not increase the risk of labor complications.
Comparison of perimetric 24‐2 and 30‐2 test patterns in detecting visual field defects in patients with tumours in the pituitary region
Authors: Gesslein Bodil , Naumovska Magdalena , Neumann Olof , Bizios Dimitrios , Bengtsson Boel , Siesjö Peter , Uvelius Erik , Hammar Björn , Sheikh Rafi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeAutomated perimetry provides a standardized method of measuring the visual field. The Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA) uses the 24‐2 test pattern to cover 24 degrees centrally or the 30‐2 test pattern to cover a slightly broader region of 30 degrees. The aim of this study was to determine whether the 24‐2 test pattern provides comparable information to the 30‐2 test pattern in detecting visual field defects in patients with tumours in the pituitary region.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out on patients with tumours in the pituitary region and radiologically confirmed compression of the visual pathway. Included patients (79 of 133) had been examined using the Humphrey 30‐2 visual field test, after which the 30‐2 test patterns were reduced into corresponding 24‐2 test patterns. The location of visual field defects, visual acuity and the perimetric parameters mean deviation (MD) and visual field index (VFI) were also recorded.ResultsNo patient was classified differently when evaluated with the 24‐2 test pattern, compared to the 30‐2 test pattern. Interestingly, although the majority of patients had visual field defects located in the temporal visual field of each eye, a significant minority did not. In addition, it was found that a large proportion of patients had normal visual acuity (≥0.8).ConclusionsThe use of the HFA 24‐2 test pattern reliably detected visual field defects in patients with tumours in the pituitary region. The present study indicates that MD and VFI are not reliable parameters for evaluating visual field defects due to compression.
Editorial: Pip pip to PIP's (post‐inflammatory polyps) as a neoplasia risk factor in IBD?
Authors: Velayos Fernando S. 
Published: July 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wolf et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17495 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17612
In search of a better method to distinguish artefacts from geofacts
Authors: Wiśniewski Andrzej , Różycka Milena , Schunk Lisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArchaeologists use a method of evaluating the characteristics of flakes, called scoring, to distinguish geofacts (pseudo‐artefacts or eoliths) from artefacts. Lower total scores are considered indicative of a natural source of the finds, while higher ones support the opposite. However, this method has some limitations. The most important are the small quantity of assemblages subject to such an analysis and the unclear boundary drawn by a ranking within a point‐based score evaluation between collections with finds of cultural and anthropic origin. Here, we present a method that minimizes these limitations. It consists of a statistical approach using scoring percentages, a new method of visualizing them and the application of clustering. This way, we obtained clear differences between pseudo‐artefacts and artefacts by considering flakes from six flint assemblages from Central Europe as well as an experimental assemblage.
Heroin metabolism in human blood and its impact for the design of an immunotherapeutic approach against heroin effects
Authors: Bogen Inger Lise , Boix Fernando , Andersen Jannike Mørch , Steinsland Synne , Nerem Elisabeth , Mørland Jørg 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImmunotherapeutic interventions that block drug effects by binding drug molecules to specific antibodies in the bloodstream have shown promising effects in animal studies. For heroin, which effects are mainly mediated by the metabolites 6‐acetylmorphine (6‐AM; also known as 6‐monoacetylmorphine or 6‐MAM) and morphine, the optimal antibody specificity has been discussed. In rodents, 6‐AM specific antibodies have been recommended based on the rapid metabolism of heroin to 6‐AM in the bloodstream. Since the metabolic rate of heroin in blood is unsettled in humans, we examined heroin metabolism with state‐of–the‐art analytical methodology (UHPLC–MS/MS) in freshly drawn human whole blood incubated with a wide range of heroin concentrations (1–500 μM). The half‐life of heroin was highly concentration dependent, ranging from 1.2–1.7 min for concentrations at or above 25 μM, and gradually increasing to approximately 20 min for 1 μM heroin. At concentrations that can be attained in the bloodstream shortly after an i.v. injection, approximately 70% was transformed into 6‐AM within 3 min, similar to previous observations in vivo. Our results indicate that blood enzymes play a more important role for the rapid metabolism of heroin in humans than previously assumed. This points to 6‐AM as an important target for an efficient immunotherapeutic approach to block heroin effects in humans.
A world of difference: The fundamental opposition between transhumanist “welfarism” and disability advocacy
Authors: Levin Susan B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFrom the standpoint of disability advocacy, further exploration of the concept of well‐being stands to be availing. The notion that “welfarism” about disability, which Julian Savulescu and Guy Kahane debuted, qualifies as helpful is encouraged by their claim that welfarism shares important commitments with that advocacy. As becomes clear when they apply their welfarist frame to procreative decisions, endorsing welfarism would, in fact, sharply undermine it. Savulescu and Kahane's Principle of Procreative Beneficence—which reflects transhumanism, or advocacy of radical bioenhancement—morally requires parents to choose the child who will, in all probability, have “the best life.” Assuming the emergence of potent biotechnologies, procreative decision‐making would be highly standardized, for prospective parents would be morally obliged to maximize select capacities, including intelligence, self‐control, and hedonic set‐point, in their children. Welfarism, applied to reproduction, is staunchly objectivist about what course is incumbent on decision‐makers, giving no credence to first‐personal values, aspirations, and experiences. Though this dismissal of individual perspectives applies to everyone, its implications for disability advocacy are especially severe. With that advocacy in view, greater attention to “well‐being” should, therefore, be severed from the welfarism of Savulescu and Kahane.
International comparisons of the home mathematics environment and relations with children's mathematical achievement
Authors: Ellis Alexa , Cosso Jimena , Duncan Robert J. , Susperreguy María Inés , Simms Victoria , Purpura David J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHome mathematics environment (HME) research has focused on parent–child interactions surrounding numerical activities as measured by the frequency of engaging in such activities. However, HME survey questions have been developed from limited perspectives (e.g., Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27, 2012, 231; Journal of Social Issues, 64, 2008, 95; Early childhood mathematics education research: Learning trajectories for young children, Routledge, New York, 2009), by researchers from a small subset of countries (15; Psychological Bulletin, 147, 2020, 565), which may skew our interpretations.Aims and SampleThis study broadened international representation by leveraging secondary data from the 2019 TIMSS to examine the variation of the frequency and reliability of the HME scale and its relation to children's mathematical achievement. Across 54 countries, 231,138 parents and children (Mage = 10.22 years; 51% male) participated in the larger study.MethodsParents completed a retrospective home environment survey and children were assessed on mathematics skills. Basic frequency descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients, and Pearson's r correlation coefficients were used to assess variability across countries.ResultsFindings suggested that families in certain countries engaged in home mathematics activities more frequently than families in other countries; however, the HME scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency across families in all countries (M α = .79; range = [.73, .89]). Further, the average relation between HME and mathematical achievement was r = .15 with a range between r = .02 to r = .41.ConclusionOur results indicate substantial variation across countries in the HME‐mathematical achievement association. These findings underscore the importance of international representation in advancing research on the diversity of a child's home environment.
Nano‐delivery systems as a promising therapeutic potential for epilepsy: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Movahedpour Ahmad , Taghvaeefar Rasul , Asadi‐Pooya Ali‐Akbar , Karami Yousof , Tavasolian Ronia , Khatami Seyyed Hossein , Soltani Fard Elahe , Taghvimi Sina , Karami Neda , Rahimi Jaberi Khojaste , Taheri‐Anganeh Mortaza , Ghasemi Hassan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEpilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder caused by aberrant neuronal electrical activity. Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the first line of treatment for people with epilepsy (PWE). However, their effectiveness may be limited by their inability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), among many other potential underpinnings for drug resistance in epilepsy. Therefore, there is a need to overcome this issue and, hopefully, improve the effectiveness of ASMs. Recently, synthetic nanoparticle‐based drug delivery systems have received attention for improving the effectiveness of ASMs due to their ability to cross the BBB. Furthermore, exosomes have emerged as a promising generation of drug delivery systems because of their potential benefits over synthetic nanoparticles. In this narrative review, we focus on various synthetic nanoparticles that have been studied to deliver ASMs. Furthermore, the benefits and limitations of each nano‐delivery system have been discussed. Finally, we discuss exosomes as potentially promising delivery tools for treating epilepsy.
The G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor of the trigeminal ganglion regulates acute and chronic itch in mice
Authors: Li Jun , Gao Po , Zhang Siyu , Lin Xiaoqi , Chen Junhui , Zhang Song , Jiao Yingfu , Yu Weifeng , Xia Xiaoqiong , Yang Liqun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsItch is an unpleasant sensation that severely impacts the patient's quality of life. Recent studies revealed that the G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) may play a crucial role in the regulation of pain and itch perception. However, the contribution of the GPER in primary sensory neurons to the regulation of itch perception remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate whether and how the GPER participates in the regulation of itch perception in the trigeminal ganglion (TG).Methods and ResultsImmunofluorescence staining results showed that GPER‐positive (GPER+) neurons of the TG were activated in both acute and chronic itch. Behavioral data indicated that the chemogenetic activation of GPER+ neurons of the TG of Gper‐Cre mice abrogated scratching behaviors evoked by acute and chronic itch. Conversely, the chemogenetic inhibition of GPER+ neurons resulted in increased itch responses. Furthermore, the GPER expression and function were both upregulated in the TG of the dry skin‐induced chronic itch mouse model. Pharmacological inhibition of GPER (or Gper deficiency) markedly increased acute and chronic itch‐related scratching behaviors in mouse. Calcium imaging assays further revealed that Gper deficiency in TG neurons led to a marked increase in the calcium responses evoked by agonists of the transient receptor potential ankyrin A1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid V1 (TRPV1).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that the GPER of TG neurons is involved in the regulation of acute and chronic itch perception, by modulating the function of TRPA1 and TRPV1. This study provides new insights into peripheral itch sensory signal processing mechanisms and offers new targets for future clinical antipruritic therapy.
Monocyte‐related cytokines/chemokines in cerebral ischemic stroke
Authors: Bai Meiling , Sun Ruize , Cao Bin , Feng Juan , Wang Jue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsIschemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the most common cause of disability in Western countries. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development and progression of ischemic stroke, and inflammation is one of the most important mechanisms.DiscussionIschemia induces the release of adenosine triphosphate/reactive oxygen species, which activates immune cells to produce many proinflammatory cytokines that activate downstream inflammatory cascades to induce fatal immune responses. Research has confirmed that peripheral blood immune cells play a vital role in the immunological cascade after ischemic stroke. The role of monocytes has received much attention among numerous peripheral blood immune cells. Monocytes induce their effects by secreting cytokines or chemokines, including CCL2/CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, CD36, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, CXCL12(SDF‐1), LFA‐1/ICAM‐1, Ly6C, MMP‐2/9, NR4A1, P2X4R, P‐selectin, CD40L, TLR2/4, and VCAM‐1/VLA‐4. Those factors play important roles in the process of monocyte recruitment, migration, and differentiation.ConclusionThis review focuses on the function and mechanism of the cytokines secreted by monocytes in the process of ischemic stroke and provides novel targets for treating cerebral ischemic stroke.
Prevalence and utility of pharmacokinetic data in preclinical studies of mRNA cancer vaccines
Authors: Roth Gillie A. , Vora Bianca , Kim Chloe , Wu Michael , Kuruvilla Denison 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this brief report, we provide insights into current practices in preclinical messenger RNA (mRNA) cancer vaccine characterization. To enable a more automated and thorough survey of mRNA cancer vaccine data in the literature, we implemented natural language processing to mine abstracts from PubMed followed by annotation of the selected articles. Through this analysis we identified a gap in the literature wherein pharmacokinetic (PK) characterization is not reported in mRNA cancer vaccine‐focused articles. As a result, the field is unable to evaluate and discuss cross‐study PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships nor the translation of these relationships from preclinical species to humans. As the field of mRNA cancer vaccines is rapidly evolving, there is value in expanding our understanding of preclinical PK/PD relationships and how they relate to PK/PD in humans.
1064. Agapetes grandiflora Hook.f.: Ericaceae
Authors: Murata Jin , Murata Hiroko , Yamanaka Masumi 
Published: July 2023

SummaryA specimen of Agapetes from Myanmar is described and illustrated as Agapetes grandiflora Hook.f., as a result of comparison with A. burmanica W.E.Evans, A. macrantha (Hook.) Hook.f. and A. variegata (Roxb.) D.Don ex G.Don. This species has extrafloral nectaries on the margins of young leaves and at the apex of calyx lobes.
Qualitative study of states' capacity to support alcohol prevention policies during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the USA
Authors: Haley Sean J. , Peddireddy Snigdha , El‐Harakeh Amena , Akasreku Bridget , Riibe Diane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic accelerated rates of alcohol purchasing and related harms in the USA. The increases followed governors' emergency orders that increased alcohol availability, including the allowance of alcohol home delivery, alcohol to‐go from restaurants and bars, and curbside pickup from retailers.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 53 participants involved in state‐level alcohol prevention policy across 48 states. Interviewees' perspectives on changes to alcohol prevention policies during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including capacity to respond to alcohol‐focused executive and legislative changes to alcohol availability, were explored. Initial codes were developed collectively and refined through successive readings of transcripts using a phenomenological, action‐oriented research approach. Themes were identified semantically after all transcripts were coded and reviewed.ResultsFour themes were developed including: (i) alcohol prevention policies and capacity during COVID‐19; (ii) industry‐related challenges during COVID‐19; (iii) limited pre‐COVID‐19 alcohol prevention capacity; and (iv) needs to strengthen alcohol prevention capacity.Discussion and ConclusionsThe pandemic exacerbated states' capacity limitations for alcohol prevention efforts and created additional impediments to public health messaging about alcohol health risks related to greater alcohol availability. Participants offered a myriad of strategies to improve alcohol prevention and to reduce alcohol‐related harms. Recommendations included dedicated federal and state prioritisation, more funding for community organisations, greater coordination, consistent high‐quality trainings, stronger surveillance and widespread prevention messaging. States' alcohol prevention efforts require dedicated leadership, additional funding and support to strengthen population‐based strategies to reduce sustained alcohol‐related harms associated with increases in alcohol availability.