bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la técnica de carrera y el rendimiento físico en corredores de medio fondo
Authors: Zumba Tipan Iván Rodrigo , Aguilar Morocho Elva Katherine 
Published: May 2023

The fundamental basis for running efficiency is the running technique, where the lack of it can affect the physical performance of the para-athlete. The objective was to determine the relationship between running technique and physical performance in youth para-athletes belonging to the Ecuadorian Paralympic Committee in the 2022 preparatory period. It was carried out by simple random sampling, with a sample of 16 athletes among 16-19 years. They were evaluated by means of an evaluation scale with indicators in the race phases: support, impulse and recovery, qualifying the athletes by means of a Likert scale when completing the 1000 m test. The Mann-Whitney test was applied for independent samples in the statistical software SPSS, comparing the pretest with the post test. A level of significance of p=0.00 was observed, below p=0.05, so the null hypothesis is rejected and it is evident that there is a relationship between the running technique and the physical performance of the athletes. We recommend to enhance the correction of the running technique with music to improve the performance of middle-distance para-athletes.
La base fundamental para la eficiencia al correr es la técnica de carrera, en donde, la falta de la realización de la misma puede afectar en el rendimiento físico del para-atleta. El objetivo fue determinar la relación de la técnica de carrera y el rendimiento físico en para-atletas juveniles que pertenecen al Comité Paralímpico Ecuatoriano en el periodo preparatorio 2022. Se realizó por un muestreo aleatorio simple, seleccionando una muestra de 16 atletas entre 16-19 años. Fueron evaluados mediante una escala valorativa con indicadores en las fases de carrera: apoyo, impulso y recuperación, calificando a los atletas por medio de una escala de Likert al completar el test de 1000 m. Se aplicó la prueba Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes en el software estadístico SPSS, comparando el pretest con el post test. Se encontró un nivel de significancia de p=0,00, por debajo de p=0,05, por lo que se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se evidencia que existe relación entre la técnica de la carrera y el rendimiento físico de los atletas. Se recomienda potenciar la corrección de la técnica de carrera con música para mejorar el rendimiento de los para-atletas de medio fondo.
VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study
Authors: Wiecha Szczepan , Kasiak Przemysław Seweryn , Szwed Piotr , Kowalski Tomasz , Cieśliński Igor , Postuła Marek , Klusiewicz Andrzej 
Published: May 2023

Background:Oxygen uptake (VO2) is one of the most important measures of fitness and critical vital sign. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a valuable method of assessing fitness in sport and clinical settings. There is a lack of large studies on athletic populations to predict VO2maxusing somatic or submaximal CPET variables. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) derive prediction models for maximal VO2(VO2max) based on submaximal exercise variables at anaerobic threshold (AT) or respiratory compensation point (RCP) or only somatic and (2) internally validate provided equations.Methods:Four thousand four hundred twenty-four male endurance athletes (EA) underwent maximal symptom-limited CPET on a treadmill (n=3330) or cycle ergometer (n=1094). The cohort was randomly divided between: variables selection (nrunners= 1998; ncyclist= 656), model building (nrunners= 666; ncyclist= 219), and validation (nrunners= 666; ncyclist= 219). Random forest was used to select the most significant variables. Models were derived and internally validated with multiple linear regression.Results:Runners were 36.24±8.45 years; BMI = 23.94 ± 2.43 kg·m−2; VO2max=53.81±6.67 mL·min−1·kg−1. Cyclists were 37.33±9.13 years; BMI = 24.34 ± 2.63 kg·m−2; VO2max=51.74±7.99 mL·min−1·kg−1. VO2at AT and RCP were the most contributing variables to exercise equations. Body mass and body fat had the highest impact on the somatic equation. Model performance for VO2maxbased on variables at AT was R2=0.81, at RCP was R2=0.91, at AT and RCP was R2=0.91 and for somatic-only was R2=0.43.Conclusions:Derived prediction models were highly accurate and fairly replicable. Formulae allow for precise estimation of VO2maxbased on submaximal exercise performance or somatic variables. Presented models are applicable for sport and clinical settling. They are a valuable supplementary method for fitness practitioners to adjust individualised training recommendations.Funding:No external funding was received for this work.
Strategies and Challenges of Universal Health Coverage in Somalia
Authors: Abdullahi Abdirahman Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

Aims: Universal health coverage (UHC), means making sure everyone can afford the medical attention they need. UHC rests on the foundation of people having access to primary healthcare that is both inexpensive and of high quality. Somalia's health care system is among the world's worst, and its universal health care ranking is one of the lowest. The Somali health care framework remains powerless, under-resourced, and inequitable. A few 3.2 million women and men in Somalia need emergency health services. The aim of this research is to determine strategies and challenges of universal health coverage in Somalia.
Methods: We conducted on review on published articles and grey literature carried out in Somalia. A total of 10 studies and documents met our inclusion criteria. We included studies studied universal health coverage, universal health coverage financing, health system strengthening and health system.
Conclusion: Conclusively, strategies on achieving universal health coverage were limited on advancing UHC by accelerating primary health care led recovery, promote healthier population, and address emergencies and disease outbreaks, while poor health workers, limited provision of drugs and other medical supplies, insecurity and cost of delivering were the most challenges reported in achieving universal health coverage in Somalia.
An Assessment of the Effect of Pollution on Zooplanktons in Calabar Great Kwa River, Nigeria
Authors: Ekpo Paul B. , Agu Reuben C. , Osondu-Anyanwu Chinyere , Nwachukwu Augusta A. , Nkang Nkoyo A. , Ekpo Inyang P. 
Published: May 2023

Aim: Zooplanktons in the Calabar Great Kwa River were studied to assess the effect of pollution from human activities around the river on their respective abundance.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected at the Esuk Atu and Esuk Atimbo stations of the Calabar Great Kwa River. Identification of Zooplanktons was carried out at the Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
Methodology: Collected samples were preserved, transferred to the laboratory, identified using a dissecting microscope and classified according to their different taxonomical groups.
Results: The Results showed that zooplankton abundance and distribution recorded in the stations were low due to pollution and interference from high human activities around the river such as domestic solid wastes, sewage waste waters, industrial effluents, pesticides, sand mining activities, hydrocarbons and other toxic substances. In Esuk Atu, the total abundance of zooplanktons in the periods of sampling were 12, 6, 3 and 11, while the numbers of taxa represented in the periods of sampling were 4, 3, 1 and 4. In Esuk Atimbo, the total abundance of zooplanktons in the periods of sampling were 7, 5, 9 and 10 while the numbers of taxa represented in the periods of sampling were 3, 3, 3 and 2. The zooplankton taxa identified in station 1(Esuk Atu) are Cladoceran (38%), Ostracoda (22%), Copepoda (19%), Rotifera (12%), Lepidoptera (6%) and Protozoa (3%). The zooplankton taxa identified in station 2 (Esuk Atimbo) are Copepoda (26%), Cladoceran (23%), Nemata (23%), Lepidoptera (16%), Rotifera (6%), Polycheata (3%) and Paguridae (3%).
Conclusion: These findings necessitate the need for the regulation and control of pollution from human activities around the Calabar Great Kwa River so as to ensure that the river is free from harmful contaminants thereby preserving the zooplanktons and other relevant organisms.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Respiration and Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Scandalis Lina , Kitzman Dalane W. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Lyles Mary , Brubaker Peter , Nelson M. Benjamin , Gordon Michelle , Stone John , Bergstrom Jaclyn , Neufer P. Darrell , Gnaiger Erich , Molina Anthony J. A. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains incompletely understood. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that abnormal skeletal muscle metabolism is a key contributor, but the mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction remain unresolved.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function using respirometric analysis of biopsied muscle fiber bundles from patients with HFpEF with exercise performance.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, muscle fiber bundles prepared from fresh vastus lateralis biopsies were analyzed by high-resolution respirometry to provide detailed analyses of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including maximal capacity and the individual contributions of complex I–linked and complex II-linked respiration. These bioenergetic data were compared between patients with stable chronic HFpEF older than 60 years and age-matched healthy control (HC) participants and analyzed for intergroup differences and associations with exercise performance. All participants were treated at a university referral center, were clinically stable, and were not undergoing regular exercise or diet programs. Data were collected from March 2016 to December 2017, and data were analyzed from November 2020 to May 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSkeletal muscle mitochondrial function, including maximal capacity and respiration linked to complex I and complex II. Exercise performance was assessed by peak exercise oxygen consumption, 6-minute walk distance, and the Short Physical Performance Battery.ResultsOf 72 included patients, 50 (69%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 69.6 (6.1) years. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function measures were all markedly lower in skeletal muscle fibers obtained from patients with HFpEF compared with HCs, even when adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Maximal capacity was strongly and significantly correlated with peak exercise oxygen consumption (R = 0.69; P &amp;lt; .001), 6-minute walk distance (R = 0.70; P &amp;lt; .001), and Short Physical Performance Battery score (R = 0.46; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, patients with HFpEF had marked abnormalities in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Severely reduced maximal capacity and complex I–linked and complex II–linked respiration were associated with exercise intolerance and represent promising therapeutic targets.
Evaluation of Socioeconomic Position and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Korea Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Choi Dong Hyun , Ro Young Sun , Park Jeong Ho , Lee Sun Young , Hong Ki Jeong , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe association between low socioeconomic position (SEP) and poor survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has not been thoroughly investigated.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between individual SEP and survival after OHCA and to identify any mediating pathways using structural equation modeling (SEM).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a retrospective cohort study that used data collected from January 2013 to December 2019. Participants were adults with OHCA with a presumed cardiac etiology. The study was conducted in Korea, which has a universal health insurance system. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to February 2023.ExposuresIndividual SEP was measured by insurance type (National Health Insurance [NHI] and medical aid [MA]) and premiums. SEP was categorized into 5 groups, in which NHI beneficiaries were divided into quartiles (Q1, highest quartile; Q4, lowest quartile), and MA was the lowest SEP group.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was survival to discharge. The association between SEP and OHCA survival was examined using multivariable logistic regression, and mediating factors were identified using SEM.ResultsA total of 121 516 patients (median [IQR] age, 73 [60-81] years; 43 912 [36.1%] female patients) were included. Compared with the NHI Q1 group, individuals with lower SEP had lower odds of survival to discharge. The adjusted odds ratios of survival to discharge were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94-1.00), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.94), and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.50-0.56) for the NHI Q2, NHI Q3, NHI Q4, and MA groups, respectively. Several factors were found to mediate the association of SEP and survival in the total study population, with mediating proportions of 15.1% (95% CI, 11.8%-18.4%) for witnessed status, 4.8% (95% CI, 3.5%-6.0%) for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation provision, 41.8% (95% CI, 35.4%-48.1%) for initial rhythm, and 9.4% (95% CI, 7.4%-11.4%) for emergency department level. Among patients who survived to hospital admission, the mediation proportions were 11.8% (95% CI, 6.7%-16.9%) for witnessed status, 3.7% (95% CI, 1.3%-6.1%) for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation provision, 56.2% (95% CI, 41.0%-71.4%) for initial rhythm, 10.7% (95% CI, 6.1%-15.3%) for emergency department level, 20.2% (95% CI, 14.0%-26.5%) for coronary angiography, and 4.2% (95% CI, 2.2%-6.1%) for targeted temperature management.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with OHCA, lower individual SEP was significantly associated with lower survival to discharge. Potentially modifiable mediators can be targeted for public health interventions to reduce disparities in survival among patients with OHCA of different SEP.
Assessment of Disruptive Life Events for Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia or Bipolar I Disorder Using Data From a Consumer Credit Reporting Agency
Authors: Nau Claudia L. , Braciszewski Jordan M. , Rossom Rebecca C. , Penfold Robert B. , Coleman Karen J. , Simon Gregory E. , Hong Benjamin , Padilla Ariadna , Butler Rebecca K. , Chen Aiyu , Waters Heidi C. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThere is a dearth of population-level data on major disruptive life events (defined here as arrests by a legal authority, address changes, bankruptcy, lien, and judgment filings) for patients with bipolar I disorder (BPI) or schizophrenia, which has limited studies on mental health and treatment outcomes.ObjectiveTo conduct a population-level study on disruptive life events by using publicly available data on disruptive life events, aggregated by a consumer credit reporting agency in conjunction with electronic health record (EHR) data.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study used EHR data from 2 large, integrated health care systems, Kaiser Permanente Southern California and Henry Ford Health. Cohorts of patients diagnosed from 2007 to 2019 with BPI or schizophrenia were matched 1:1 by age at analysis, age at diagnosis (if applicable), sex, race and ethnicity, and Medicaid status to (1) an active comparison group with diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) and (2) a general health (GH) cohort without diagnoses of BPI, schizophrenia, or MDD. Patients with diagnoses of BPI or schizophrenia and their respective comparison cohorts were matched to public records data aggregated by a consumer credit reporting agency (98% match rate). Analysis took place between November 2020 and December 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe differences in the occurrence of disruptive life events among patients with BPI or schizophrenia and their comparison groups.ResultsOf 46 167 patients, 30 008 (65%) had BPI (mean [SD] age, 42.6 [14.2] years) and 16 159 (35%) had schizophrenia (mean [SD], 41.4 [15.1] years). The majoriy of patients were White (30 167 [65%]). In addition, 18 500 patients with BPI (62%) and 6552 patients with schizophrenia (41%) were female. Patients with BPI were more likely to change addresses than patients in either comparison cohort (with the incidence ratio being as high as 1.25 [95% CI, 1.23-1.28]) when compared with GH cohort. Patients with BPI were also more likely to experience any of the financial disruptive life events with odds ratio ranging from 1.15 [95% CI, 1.07-1.24] to 1.50 [95% CI, 1.42-1.58]). The largest differences in disruptive life events were seen in arrests of patients with either BPI or schizophrenia compared with GH peers (3.27 [95% CI, 2.84-3.78] and 3.04 [95% CI, 2.57-3.59], respectively). Patients with schizophrenia had fewer address changes and were less likely to experience a financial event than their matched comparison cohorts.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study demonstrated that data aggregated by a consumer credit reporting agency can support population-level studies on disruptive life events among patients with BPI or schizophrenia.
ADRC‐based optimized control system for wind turbine power generator
Authors: Liu Mingyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a renewable and clean energy source, wind energy can be converted into electricity by wind turbines. Currently, it is challenging to suppress the edgewise vibration of the wind turbine blades to improve the efficiency and service life of wind turbines. In this paper, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)is applied to vibration suppression at the blade edge of wind turbines. First, the proposed system is mathematically modeled and analyzed in the frequency domain. Second, the ADRC is designed for the proposed system. Then, time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, and uncertainty analysis of the closed‐loop system were carried out. It has been shown that the proposed controller has 12.2% less overshoot and 55.8% less setting time when subjected to perturbations than the PID controller. And the proposed controller has 33.9% less overshoot and 55.9% less setting time when subjected to perturbations than the SMC. Furthermore, the resonance frequency range of the proposed controller has been effectively reduced, and the peak resonance has been reduced by 41.7%. This reflects that the ADRC has a significant vibration suppression effect on blade edgewise vibrations compared with PID controllers and SMC.
Network security risk detection method for smart microgrid monitoring system
Authors: Wu Xiao , Yang Yueping , Fan Xuefeng , Yu Yanhan , Wu Yingyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough the smart microgrid improves the power quality of the power system, it still has some security risks. So, this paper proposes a network security risk detection method of an intelligent microgrid monitoring system based on the artificial immune algorithm. By analyzing the structure of a smart microgrid monitoring system and introducing Policy Protection Detection Response (P2DR) dynamic network security model and ale static network security analysis method, the network security risk of the microgrid monitoring system is evaluated. The theoretical model is analyzed by the overall framework of the artificial immune algorithm, and its term definition is given. The mutation self is detected by self‐dynamic description and immune cell evolution process with the network structure brought into and the risk of the computing network facing different attack subjects is analyzed. This method has a high detection accuracy for more than 10 kinds of network attack modes, the highest detection accuracy is 98%, and the average time is only 0.8 s. Compared with other methods, this method has higher detection accuracy and faster detection speed. It is universal in various network attack modes and can detect the possible network security risks of the intelligent microgrid monitoring system and protect its safe and stable operation.
Bi‐Chiral Nanostructures Featuring Dynamic Optical Rotatory Dispersion for Polychromatic Light Multiplexing
Authors: Liu Si‐Jia , Zhu Lin , Zhang Yi‐Heng , Chen Wen , Zhu Dong , Chen Peng , Lu Yan‐Qing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChiral nanostructures featuring the unique optical activity have attracted broad interests from scientists. The typical polarization rotation of transmitted light is usually wavelength dependent, namely the optical rotatory dispersion. However, its dynamic tunability and intriguing collaboration with other optical degrees of freedom, especially the highly desired spatial phase, remain elusive. Herein, a bi‐chiral liquid crystalline nanostructure is proposed to induce an effect called reflective optical rotatory dispersion. Thanks to the independent manipulation of opposite‐handed self‐assembled helices, spin‐decoupled geometric phases are induced simultaneously. These naturally unite multi‐dimensions of light and versatile stimuli‐responsiveness of soft matter. Dynamic holography driven by heat and electric field is demonstrated with a fast response. For polychromatic light, the hybrid multiplexed holographic painting is exhibited with fruitful tunable colors. This study extends the ingenious construction of soft chiral superstructures, presents an open‐ended strategy for on‐demand light control, and enlightens advanced applications of display, optical computing, and communication.
Nonafluorobutane‐1‐Sulfonic Acid Induced Local High Concentration Additive Interface for Robust SEI Formation of High‐Voltage (5 V‐Class) Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jinqiu , Hao Baojiu , Peng Mingji , Zhang Lifang , Ji Haoqing , Liu Jie , Ling Wenbin , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo optimize anode and cathode degradation issues in high‐voltage (5 V‐class) lithium metal batteries (LMBs), robust solid–electrolyte interfaces (SEI) on the surface of both anode and cathode are highly desired. Here, a nonafluorobutane‐1‐sulfonic acid (NFSA) additive is introduced to assist in the formation of the more stable and robust SEI to protect both anode and cathode. Typically, local high concentrations of lithium nonafluorobutane‐1‐sulfonate (NFSALi) and nonafluorobutane‐1‐sulfonate anion (NFSA−) could be achieved at the surface of anode and cathode respectively, through spontaneous chemical processes. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of NFSALi is lower and the highest occupied molecular orbital (energy of NFSA− is higher than electrolyte solvents. Thus, conformal and dense SEI passivation films are generated on the surface of both anode and cathode derived from electrochemical decomposition of NFSALi and NFSA−, respectively. Consequently, stable operation of Li metal anode and high‐voltage cathode are realized. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO)//Li LMBs with NFSA‐containing electrolyte show great cycling stability with 93% capacity retention after 400 cycles and more stable Coulombic efficiency. This work specifies the double functions of NFSA as an interfacial layer forming additive to solve the degradation problems of high‐voltage (5 V‐class) LMBs, enabling high‐energy LMBs with significantly improved battery performance.