bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteochondral regenerative engineering: challenges, state-of-the-art and translational perspectives
Authors: Barui Srimanta , Ghosh Debolina , Laurencin Cato T 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite quantum leaps, the biomimetic regeneration of cartilage and osteochondral regeneration remains a major challenge, owing to the complex and hierarchical nature of compositional, structural and functional properties. In this review, an account of the prevailing challenges in biomimicking the gradients in porous microstructure, cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) orientation is presented. Further, the spatial arrangement of the cues in inducing vascularization in the subchondral bone region while maintaining the avascular nature of the adjacent cartilage layer is highlighted. With rapid advancement in biomaterials science, biofabrication tools and strategies, the state-of-the-art in osteochondral regeneration since the last decade has expansively elaborated. This includes conventional and additive manufacturing of synthetic/natural/ECM-based biomaterials, tissue-specific/mesenchymal/progenitor cells, growth factors and/or signaling biomolecules. Beyond the laboratory-based research and development, the underlying challenges in translational research are also provided in a dedicated section. A new generation of biomaterial-based acellular scaffold systems with uncompromised biocompatibility and osteochondral regenerative capability is necessary to bridge the clinical demand and commercial supply. Encompassing the basic elements of osteochondral research, this review is believed to serve as a standalone guide for early career researchers, in expanding the research horizon to improve the quality of life of osteoarthritic patients affordably.
Emma Pastoral
Authors: Valihora Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This essay situates the repeating and echoing refrains of Austen’s Emma (1816)—of gruel, draughts, and fires; of ‘poor Miss Taylor’, and ‘poor little Harriet’—within the tradition of classical pastoral. It suggests that the pastoral forms Austen employs at once tend to escape notice and are crucial to understanding what the novel is about. The overhearing of Emma’s thoughts staged in the novel’s free-indirect narration, for example, is approached as a version of the third-person framing of first-person speakers to comic and ironic effect in the earliest pastorals, those of Theocritus, Virgil, and Ovid, as well as in Marvell’s Mower poems. Pastoral’s chief occasion concerns the encounter between poets and shepherds, sophisticated and simple, high and low—and readers and hearers. The many occasions of overhearing through which the novel includes its readers in its world, the friendship between Emma and Harriet, as between Knightley and Robert Martin, the speeches of Miss Bates, the reclusiveness of Mr Woodhouse—all suggest a pastoral poetics. The essay explores how the sense of a golden age of harmony and abundance that marks the daily round of life in Highbury foregrounds reciprocity, equity, and responsiveness, forms of recognition that challenge the rigid stratification and hierarchy of the world of which Austen writes.
Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Chronic Wounds: Scientific Evidence and Roadmap Toward Clinical Practice
Authors: Brembilla Nicolo C , Vuagnat Hubert , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Krause Karl-Heinz , Preynat-Seauve Olivier 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chronic wounds, ie, non-healing ulcers, have a prevalence of ~1% in the general population. Chronic wounds strongly affect the quality of life and generate considerable medical costs. A fraction of chronic wounds will heal within months of appropriate treatment; however, a significant fraction of patients will develop therapy-refractory chronic wounds, leading to chronic pain, infection, and amputation. Given the paucity of therapeutic options for refractory wounds, cell therapy and in particular the use of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) has emerged as a promising concept. ASC can be used as autologous or allogeneic cells. They can be delivered in suspension or in 3D cultures within scaffolds. ASC can be used without further processing (stromal vascular fraction of the adipose tissue) or can be expanded in vitro. ASC-derived non-cellular components, such as conditioned media or exosomes, have also been investigated. Many in vitro and preclinical studies in animals have demonstrated the ASC efficacy on wounds. ASC efficiency appears to occurs mainly through their regenerative secretome. Hitherto, the majority of clinical trials focused mainly on safety issues. However more recently, a small number of randomized, well-controlled trials provided first convincing evidences for a clinical efficacy of ASC-based chronic wound therapies in humans. This brief review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanism of action, delivery and efficacy of ASC in chronic wound therapy. It also discusses the scientific and pharmaceutical challenges to be solved before ASC-based wound therapy enters clinical reality.
Mathematical modeling: a study of multidisciplinary benefits in the math classroom
Authors: Luczak Richard , Erwin Rob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Math modeling is a unique and powerful part of mathematics that is underutilized in contemporary classrooms. Teachers of all grade levels may utilize such modeling problems to better serve the students in their classrooms, with related analytical problem-solving activities that contribute to learners meeting the highest of learning standards. With a continued focus within mathematics education on critical thinking, creativity, disciplinary literacy and college/career readiness, math modeling is at the forefront of research-tested methods to develop these crucial skills. This is an important direction mathematics education that needs to go in order to prepare students for the future.
Transcriptome mining extends the host range of the Flaviviridae to non-bilaterians
Authors: Mifsud Jonathon C O , Costa Vincenzo A , Petrone Mary E , Marzinelli Ezequiel M , Holmes Edward C , Harvey Erin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The flavivirids (family Flaviviridae) are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that include well-documented agents of human disease. Despite their importance and ubiquity, the timescale of flavivirid evolution is uncertain. An ancient origin, spanning millions of years, is supported by their presence in both vertebrates and invertebrates and by the identification of a flavivirus-derived endogenous viral element in the peach blossom jellyfish genome (Craspedacusta sowerbii, phylum Cnidaria), implying that the flaviviruses arose early in the evolution of the Metazoa. To date, however, no exogenous flavivirid sequences have been identified in these hosts. To help resolve the antiquity of the Flaviviridae, we mined publicly available transcriptome data across the Metazoa. From this, we expanded the diversity within the family through the identification of 32 novel viral sequences and extended the host range of the pestiviruses to include amphibians, reptiles, and ray-finned fish. Through co-phylogenetic analysis we found cross-species transmission to be the predominate macroevolutionary event across the non-vectored flavivirid genera (median, 68 per cent), including a cross-species transmission event between bats and rodents, although long-term virus–host co-divergence was still a regular occurrence (median, 23 per cent). Notably, we discovered flavivirus-like sequences in basal metazoan species, including the first associated with Cnidaria. This sequence formed a basal lineage to the genus Flavivirus and was closer to arthropod and crustacean flaviviruses than those in the tamanavirus group, which includes a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate viruses. Combined, these data attest to an ancient origin of the flaviviruses, likely close to the emergence of the metazoans 750–800 million years ago.
Gender Differences in Informal Labor-Market Resilience
Authors: Hardy Morgan , Litzow Erin , McCasland Jamie , Kagy Gisella 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper reports on the universe of garment-making-firm owners in a Ghanaian district capital during the COVID-19 crisis. By July 2020, 80 percent of both male- and female-owned firms were operational. However, pre-pandemic data show that selection into persistent closure differs by gender. Consistent with a “cleansing effect” of recessions and highlighting the presence of marginal female entrepreneurs, female-owned firms that remain closed past the spring lockdown are negatively selected on pre-pandemic sales. The pre-pandemic sales distributions of female survivors and non-survivors are significantly different from each other. Female owners of non-operational firms exit to non-employment and experience large decreases in overall earnings. In contrast, persistently closed male-owned firms are not selected on pre-pandemic firm characteristics. Instead, male non-survivors are 36 percentage points more likely than male survivors to have another income-generating activity prior to the crisis. Male owners of persistently closed firms fully compensate for revenue losses in their core businesses with earnings from these alternative income-generating activities. Taken together, the evidence is most consistent with differential underlying occupational choice fundamentals for self-employed men and women in this context.
Mechanical Power Ratio and Respiratory Treatment Escalation in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospectively Enrolled Cohort
Authors: Gattarello Simone , Coppola Silvia , Chiodaroli Elena , Pozzi Tommaso , Camporota Luigi , Saager Leif , Chiumello Davide , Gattinoni Luciano 
Published: December 2022

Background
Under the hypothesis that mechanical power ratio could identify the spontaneously breathing patients with a higher risk of respiratory failure, this study assessed lung mechanics in nonintubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, aiming to (1) describe their characteristics; (2) compare lung mechanics between patients who received respiratory treatment escalation and those who did not; and (3) identify variables associated with the need for respiratory treatment escalation.

Methods
Secondary analysis of prospectively enrolled cohort involving 111 consecutive spontaneously breathing adults receiving continuous positive airway pressure, enrolled from September 2020 to December 2021. Lung mechanics and other previously reported predictive indices were calculated, as well as a novel variable: the mechanical power ratio (the ratio between the actual and the expected baseline mechanical power). Patients were grouped according to the outcome: (1) no-treatment escalation (patient supported in continuous positive airway pressure until improvement) and (2) treatment escalation (escalation of the respiratory support to noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation), and the association between lung mechanics/predictive scores and outcome was assessed.

Results
At day 1, patients undergoing treatment escalation had spontaneous tidal volume similar to those of patients who did not (7.1 ± 1.9 vs. 7.1 ± 1.4 ml/kgIBW; P = 0.990). In contrast, they showed higher respiratory rate (20 ± 5 vs. 18 ± 5 breaths/min; P = 0.028), minute ventilation (9.2 ± 3.0 vs. 7.9 ± 2.4 l/min; P = 0.011), tidal pleural pressure (8.1 ± 3.7 vs. 6.0 ± 3.1 cm H2O; P = 0.003), mechanical power ratio (2.4 ± 1.4 vs. 1.7 ± 1.5; P = 0.042), and lower partial pressure of alveolar oxygen/fractional inspired oxygen tension (174 ± 64 vs. 220 ± 95; P = 0.007). The mechanical power (area under the curve, 0.738; 95% CI, 0.636 to 0.839] P < 0.001), the mechanical power ratio (area under the curve, 0.734; 95% CI, 0.625 to 0.844; P < 0.001), and the pressure-rate index (area under the curve, 0.733; 95% CI, 0.631 to 0.835; P < 0.001) showed the highest areas under the curve.

Conclusions
In this COVID-19 cohort, tidal volume was similar in patients undergoing treatment escalation and in patients who did not; mechanical power, its ratio, and pressure-rate index were the variables presenting the highest association with the clinical outcome.

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Lung Injury Is Induced by Abrupt Increase in Respiratory Rate but Prevented by Recruitment Maneuver in Mild Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Xavier Paulo Henrique , Fonseca Ana Carolina Fernandes , Gonçalves Leonardo Alves , de Sousa Giselle Cavalho , Silva Mariana Coelho da , Sacramento Raquel Ferreira de Magalhães , Samary Cynthia dos Santos , Medeiros Mayck , Cruz Fernanda Ferreira , Capelozzi Vera Luiza , Felix Nathane Satanna , Pelosi Paolo , Marini John J. , Rocco Patrícia Rieken Macêdo , Silva Pedro Leme 
Published: December 2022

Background
Gradually changing respiratory rate (RR) during time to reduce ventilation-induced lung injury has not been investigated. The authors hypothesized that gradual, compared with abrupt, increments in RR would mitigate ventilation-induced lung injury and that recruitment maneuver before abruptly increasing RR may prevent injurious biologic impact.

Methods
Twenty-four hours after intratracheal administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, 49 male Wistar rats were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (tidal volume, 6 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure, 3 cm H2O) with RR increase patterns as follows (n = 7 per group): (1) control 1, RR = 70 breaths/min for 2 h; (2) and (3) abrupt increases of RR for 1 and 2 h, respectively, both for 2 h; (4) shorter RR adaptation, gradually increasing RR (from 70 to 130 breaths/min during 30 min); (5) longer RR adaptation, more gradual increase in RR (from 70 to 130 breaths/min during 60 min), both for 2 h; (6) control 2, abrupt increase of RR maintained for 1 h; and (7) control 3, recruitment maneuver (continuous positive airway pressure, 30 cm H2O for 30 s) followed by control-2 protocol.

Results
At the end of 1 h of mechanical ventilation, cumulative diffuse alveolar damage scores were lower in shorter (11.0 [8.0 to 12.0]) and longer (13.0 [11.0 to 14.0]) RR adaptation groups than in animals with abrupt increase of RR for 1 h (25.0 [22.0 to 26.0], P = 0.035 and P = 0.048, respectively) and 2 h (35.0 [32.0 to 39.0], P = 0.003 and P = 0.040, respectively); mechanical power and lung heterogeneity were lower, and alveolar integrity was higher, in the longer RR adaptation group compared with abruptly adjusted groups; markers of lung inflammation (interleukin-6), epithelial (club cell secretory protein [CC-16]) and endothelial cell damage (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 [VCAM-1]) were higher in both abrupt groups, but not in either RR adaptation group, compared with controls. Recruitment maneuver prevented the increase in VCAM-1 and CC-16 gene expressions in the abruptly increased RR groups.

Conclusions
In mild experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats, gradually increasing RR, compared with abruptly doing so, can mitigate the development of ventilation-induced lung injury. In addition, recruitment maneuver prevented the injurious biologic impact of abrupt increases in RR.

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Novel Use of Olecranon Locking Plate With Achilles Allograft Augmentation for Fixation of Greater Trochanter Fractures After Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Smartt Anne A. , Sierra Rafael J. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
The optimal fixation method for greater trochanteric fractures after a total hip replacement remains controversial. We present the surgical technique of a novel fixation method for greater trochanteric fractures with the use of an olecranon locking plate and Achilles tendon allograft augmentation.

Patients and Methods:
Five patients who had previously undergone a total hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis were identified as presenting with displaced (>2 cm) greater trochanter fractures between 2017 and 2021. They underwent open reduction internal fixation of the greater trochanter with an olecranon locking plate and Achilles tendon allograft augmentation an average of 8 months after their index procedure (range: 2 to 17 mo), all performed by a single surgeon. All 5 patients were women, the mean age was 59 years (range: 54 to 69 y) and the mean follow-up time was 16.1 months (range: 5 to 41 mo).

Results:
All 5 patients reported improved pain levels and functional status after open reduction internal fixation. Four of the patients demonstrated maintenance of the position of the trochanteric fragment with the olecranon plate whereas one patient who was unable to comply with postoperative restrictions had a catastrophic failure of the fixation. One of 5 trochanteric bones showed clear evidence of radiographic union.

Conclusions:
Utilization of olecranon locking plates is well suited for fixation of a greater trochanter fracture as this technique allows for the capture of small comminuted fragments by the proximal curvature of the plate. In addition, this minimizes the concurrent use of metallic cables close to or within the effective joint space. Weight-bearing restrictions and stability are of the utmost importance in the postoperative time period.
Medial Oblique Eyelid Split Orbitotomy
Authors: Cruz Antonio Augusto V. , Guimarães Juliana A. , Akaishi Patricia M. , Milbratz-Moré Gherusa H. , Garcia Denny M. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
The authors describe their experience with a variant of the split orbitotomy with a small medial oblique transmarginal incision for approaching a variety of lesions involving the superonasal aspect of the orbit.

Methods:
Retrospective review of medical records and clinical photographs of all patients who underwent an unilateral medial oblique incision to access various intraconal lesions abutting the superomedial quadrant of the orbit. The curvature of the medial contour of the operated and contralateral eyelids were expressed with Bézier functions and compared using the R-squared coefficient of determination (R2).

Results:
Twenty-three patients were submitted to this surgical technique for approaching various unilateral lesions on the superonasal quadrant of the orbit. Excellent cosmesis was achieved in all eyelids, with almost imperceptible scars, and no ptosis or retraction. There was no significant difference between the postoperative medial contour of the operated and the contralateral eyelid, with R2 ranging from 0.896 to 0.999, mean 0.971.

Conclusions:
The authors’ results show that the modified eyelid split approach provides a wide exposure of the superonasal quadrant of the orbit with no risk of eyelid dysfunctions or significant scars.
Understanding Patient and Clinician Reported Nonroutine Events in Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Salwei Megan E. , Anders Shilo , Slagle Jason M. , Whitney Gina , Lorinc Amanda , Morley Susan , Pasley Jessica , DeClercq Josh , Shotwell Matthew S. , Weinger Matthew B. 
Published: December 2022

Objective
Nonroutine events (NREs, i.e., deviations from optimal care) can identify care process deficiencies and safety risks. Nonroutine events reported by clinicians have been shown to identify systems failures, but this methodology fails to capture the patient perspective. The objective of this prospective observational study is to understand the incidence and nature of patient- and clinician-reported NREs in ambulatory surgery.

Methods
We interviewed patients about NREs that occurred during their perioperative care using a structured interview tool before discharge and in a 7-day follow-up call. Concurrently, we interviewed the clinicians caring for these patients immediately postoperatively to collect NREs. We trained 2 experienced clinicians and 2 patients to assess and code each reported NRE for type, theme, severity, and likelihood of reoccurrence (i.e., likelihood that the same event would occur for another patient).

Results
One hundred one of 145 ambulatory surgery cases (70%) contained at least one NRE. Overall, 214 NREs were reported—88 by patients and 126 by clinicians. Cases containing clinician-reported NREs were associated with increased patient body mass index (P = 0.023) and lower postcase patient ratings of being treated with respect (P = 0.032). Cases containing patient-reported NREs were associated with longer case duration (P = 0.040), higher postcase clinician frustration ratings (P < 0.001), higher ratings of patient stress (P = 0.019), and lower patient ratings of their quality of life (P = 0.010), of the quality of clinician teamwork (P = 0.010), being treated with respect (P = 0.003), and being listened to carefully (P = 0.012). Trained patient raters evaluated NRE severity significantly higher than did clinician raters (P < 0.001), while clinicians rated recurrence likelihood significantly higher than patients for both clinician (P = 0.032) and patient-reported NREs (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Both patients and clinicians readily report events during clinical care that they believe deviate from optimal care expectations. These 2 primary stakeholders in safe, high-quality surgical care have different experiences and perspectives regarding NREs. The combination of patient- and clinician-reported NREs seems to be a promising patient-centered method of identifying healthcare system deficiencies and opportunities for improvement.
Screening of Potential Core Genes in Peripheral Blood of Adult Patients with Sepsis Based on Transcription Regulation Function
Authors: Liu Jitao , Li Shaolan , Xiong Dianhui , Shang Wenjun , Zhan Tao , Zhu Xingxin , He Sheng , Wang Yu , Zhang Qian , Hu Yingchun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To screen transcription factor genes related to the prognosis of adult patients with sepsis.

Methods
Twenty-three patients with sepsis and ten healthy individuals admitted for RNA-seq. Differential factors were enriched by four transcription factor databases, and survival analysis was adopted for core factors. Then, target genes were submitted to STRING to constitute the PPI network. Single-cell technology was used to localize cell lines. Finally, a transcription-target gene regulation network was constituted.

Results
A total of 4,224 DEGs were obtained between sepsis and NC groups. PPI results showed that FOXO3, NFKB1, SPI1, STAT5A, and PPARA were located in the center of the network. Target genes were related to cytokine-mediated signaling pathway and transcription regulator activity, etc. SPI1 was mainly located in monocyte cell lines, while FOXO3, PPARA, SP1, STAT3, and USF1 were expressed in monocyte cell lines, NK-T cell lines, and B cell lines. Compared with those in the control group, FOXO3, SP1, SPI1, STAT3, and USF1 were highly expressed in the sepsis group, while PPARA had low expression.

Conclusion
Transcription factors such as FOXO3, PPARA, SP1, SPI1, STAT3, and USF1 are correlated with the prognosis of sepsis patients and thus may have a potential research value.

Clinical Trial Registration: The clinical trial registration number is ChiCTR1900021261.