bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of sand filter with disc and screen filters in irrigation with rainbow trout fish effluent
Authors: Mohammad Hasani Abed , Aminpour Younes , Nikmehr Saman , Puig‐Bargués Jaume , Maroufpoor Eisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrip irrigation is the most suitable system for reusing effluents in agriculture, but emitter clogging is still its major drawback. Adequate filtration is needed to prevent emitter clogging, but little information is available about the performance of different filter types when using fish farm effluent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of three filtration treatments for rainbow trout effluent in drip irrigation systems: (1) sand filter (T1), (2) sand filter followed by a disc filter (T2) and (3) sand filter followed by a screen filter (T3). The treatments were tested with a constant discharge of 14.4 m3 h−1 at two working pressures of 300 and 150 kPa until reaching the backwashing threshold. For each filter, the following were computed: filtered volume per cross‐section until reaching the backwashing threshold (VB), filtered volume per cross‐section unit and head loss (V10), suspended solids removal efficiency (EF) and filter mass retention (q). T2 at 300 kPa had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher VB, whereas T1 and T3 only showed a VB of 53% and 45% at 300 kPa and 48% and 47% at 150 kPa, respectively, higher than that obtained by T2. The results suggest that using a combination of sand and disc filters at an operation pressure of 300 kPa is the best option when using rainbow trout effluent.
A 3D printed hydrogel to promote human keratinocytes' spheroid‐based growth
Authors: Rocha Tânia , Teixeira Ana Margarida , Gomes Susana G. , André António , Martins Pedro , Ferreira João , Negrão Rita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTissue engineering uses cells and biomaterials to develop bioartificial tissue substitutes for different purposes. For example, although several skin models have been developed for pharmaceutical and cosmetic research and skin wound healing, there are few studies on 3D cultures of keratinocytes in 3D printed scaffolds. So, this work aimed to develop a 3D‐printed hydrogel scaffold to promote human keratinocyte growth. Mesh 3D scaffolds were printed using an extrusion‐based method with a 20% gelatin/5% alginate hydrogel, where HaCaT cells were cultured for 7 days. Scaffolds kept their structure for over 1 week, and their stiffness only decreased after 7 days, showing good mechanical and structural characteristics and biodegradability (27% weight lost). Viable keratinocytes (MTT assay) are aggregated into spheroids, a 3D model capable of mimicking in vivo cell properties and phenotypes. Spheroids were formed on 47% of scaffolds pores and grew over time, showing promising cell proliferation. F‐actin staining showed cells' irregular and interconnected shapes and organization over time. This method offers an easy and inexpensive solution for keratinocyte spheroid formation, which may be helpful in tissue engineering as a cell delivery system, for pharmacological or basic research, or wound healing medical applications.
Double‐conscious professional self‐expression of racial minority scientists‐in‐training
Authors: Sugiyama Keimei , jaks queen , Bilimoria Diana , Liu Han 
Published: December 2022

SummaryDouble‐consciousness pervades the workplace experiences of minority professionals. Prior research captures various manifestations of double‐consciousness in the workplace, yet much of what we know comes from understanding the experiences of minority professionals in predominantly White workplaces. Inherent in conceptions of double‐consciousness is the sense of twoness in one's self concept that arises from seeing oneself through the eyes of both the predominantly White profession and one's own racial community. In this study, we examine contrasts as well as commonalities in experiences of double‐consciousness across different social contexts in the socialization of minority scientists‐in‐training. We draw from qualitative data collected from 64 individuals (including 39 underrepresented minority doctoral students, and 25 faculty, staff, and administrators) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) doctoral programs in both predominantly White and historically Black institutions to examine and compare the factors across different contexts that influence how minority scientists‐in‐training are able to express their emerging professional identity. Our findings reveal how minority scientists‐in‐training experience twoness as both a struggle and a strength, and we develop an inductive model of how different socializations influence the double‐conscious professional self‐expressions of minority scientists in training.
Recent Advances in the Functionalization of Perovskite Solar Cells/Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Diandian , Cheng Wenjie , Wang Chao , Zhou Min , Tian Wei , Li Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskite materials have excellent photoelectric properties, including high absorption coefficient, long charge carrier diffusion length, and low exciton binding energy, making them excellent candidates for photoconversion devices. In the past decade, great progress has been made in improving the performance of perovskite‐based solar cells and photodetectors. However, perovskite devices need to be endowed with more functionality to meet practical application requirements. In this regard, the three major trends in perovskite device development involving flexibility, transparency, and self‐healing have attracted wide interests. This review first summarizes the fundamental design principles of endowing perovskite devices with more functionality. Specifically, the functionalization is realized through elaborate substrate and electrode selection, perovskite layer modification, and device layout. This review presents the recent advances and specific requirements for functionalization of perovskite devices according to the three basic components: substrate, electrode, and perovskite layer. Finally, potential challenges and future research directions in this field are outlined. The aim of this review is not only to shed light on the basic design principles of functionalized perovskite devices, but also to serve as the roadmap for future exploration in perovskite devices.
Dual‐wideband dipole antenna with symmetrical strips for WiMAX and WLAN application
Authors: Ye Liang Hua , He An Tang , Li Jian Feng , Zeng Jing Tao , Huang Kun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA dual‐wideband planar dipole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications is proposed. The antenna is mainly composed of a U‐shaped dipole which is fed by a parallel double transmission line. The U‐shaped dipole is employed to generate a wide lower band and a narrow higher band. To expand the higher band, two pairs of strips are used to symmetrically embed in the U‐shaped arms of the dipole. The tested results demonstrate that this antenna achieves two wide bandwidths about 53.6% (2.33–4.02 GHz) and 23.7% (5.04–6.45 GHz) at the higher and lower frequency band, which can satisfy the requirement of the whole 2.4/5.2/5.8‐GHz WLAN and 2.5/3.5/5.5‐GHz WiMAX bands.
Bariatric surgeons' experiences of working in the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Graham Yitka N. H. , Mahawar Kamal , Singhal Rishi , Madhok Brij , Yang Wah , Riera Manel , Martinez‐Duartez Pedro , Pouwels Sjaak , Sharma Mitesh , Hayes Catherine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe first year of the Covid‐19 pandemic saw drastic changes to bariatric surgical practice, including postponement of procedures, altered patient care and impacting on the role of bariatric surgeons. The consequences of this both personally and professionally amongst bariatric surgeons has not as yet been explored.AimsThe aim of this research was to understand bariatric surgeons' perspectives of working during the first year of the pandemic to explore the self‐reported personal and professional impact.MethodsUsing a retrospective, two phased, study design with global participants recruited from closed, bariatric surgical units. The first phase used a qualitative thematic analytic framework to identify salient areas of importance to surgeons. Themes informed the construction of an on‐line, confidential survey to test the potential generalizability of the interview findings with a larger representative population from the global bariatric surgical community.FindingsFindings of the study revealed that the first year of the pandemic had a detrimental effect on bariatric surgeons both personally and professionally globally.ConclusionThis study has identified the need to build resilience of bariatric surgeons so that the practice of self‐care and the encouragement of help‐seeking behaviors can potentially be normalized, which will in turn increase levels of mental health and wellbeing.
Advanced surgical tool: Progress in clinical application of intelligent surgical robot
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Tongtong , Wang Haoran , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSurgical robot is a revolutionary tool conceived in the progress of clinical medicine, computer science, microelectronics and biomechanics. It provides the surgeon with clearer views and more comfortable surgical postures. With the assistance of computer navigation during delicate operations, it can further shorten the patient recovery time via reducing intraoperative bleeding, the risk of infection and the amount of anesthesia needed. As a comprehensive surgical revolution, surgical robot technique has a wide range of applications in related fields. This paper reviews the development status and operation principles of these surgical robots. At the same time, we also describe their up‐to‐date applications in different specialties and discusses the prospects and challenges of surgical robots in the medical area.
Influence of amount of shear reinforcement and its post‐yield response on the shear resistance of reinforced concrete members
Authors: Monney Frédéric , Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Muttoni Aurelio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe minimum amount of shear reinforcement to be provided in reinforced concrete members has been a topic of debate and research for decades without reaching a consensus. Defining such values is however instrumental to build in an economic manner and to safely ensure the applicability of the models used for design or assessment. This paper presents the results of an investigation addressed at the activation and contribution of shear reinforcement to the resistance, particularly when low amounts are arranged. The research comprises an experimental part, where 10 tests are performed on full‐scale beams with varying amounts of shear reinforcement and different mechanical properties of the reinforcement. The tests were instrumented with refined measurement techniques such as digital image correlation and fiber‐optic measurements, allowing for a detailed tracking of the strains in the concrete and the reinforcement. The results of the program clearly show that the transition from strain localization with a single shear crack to distributed cracking is influenced by both the ratio of shear reinforcement and its post‐yield response. The results are confirmed by the analysis of a comprehensive database of 236 specimens collected from the literature, where the influence of the different parameters is analyzed. Finally, it is discussed how such findings can be implemented into codes of practice, explaining the recent changes introduced in prEN 1992‐1‐1:2021 (draft for the 2nd generation of Eurocode 2) and fib MC2020.
Age and growth estimation of Southern Ocean squid Moroteuthopsis longimana: can we use beaks collected from predators’ stomachs?
Authors: Queirós José P. , Bartolomé Aurora , Piatkowski Uwe , Xavier José C. , Perales-Raya Catalina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSquid play a major role in the Southern Ocean food web. However, their age and growth remain poorly studied. Here, using upper and lower beaks of Moroteuthopsis longimana collected from the diet of Dissostichus mawsoni from Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean, we studied: (1) Feasibility of using beaks collected from predators’ stomachs to study the age of Southern Ocean oceanic squid; and (2) Age estimation and growth patterns of M. longimana. The rostrum sagittal section (RSS) of both beaks had micro-increments, with the lower beak being the best to observe and count a readable sequence of increments to estimate the age. Assuming a daily deposition of increments, our results suggest that M. longimana can live up to 820 days and may hatch throughout the year. Studied individuals presented a consistent growth rate from hatching to death but with, at least, one period of faster growth. A novel pattern of regular cycles, composed of 7–10 lighter increments followed by a darker one, was found in the medium-anterior region of the RSS. Differences were found in the growth rate and size reached at the same age between individuals from the Pacific and Atlantic sectors, which might be related with different environmental conditions between both capture sites. This study shows that lower beaks from predators’ stomachs can be used to study the age of Southern Ocean squids and that M. longimana hatches in all seasons, being available year round to predators that feed of this species.
Robustifying Vision Transformer Without Retraining from Scratch Using Attention-Based Test-Time Adaptation
Authors: Kojima Takeshi , Iwasawa Yusuke , Matsuo Yutaka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVision Transformer (ViT) is becoming more and more popular in the field of image processing. This study aims to improve the robustness against the unknown perturbations without retraining the ViT model from scratch. Since our approach does not alter the training phase, it does not need to repeat computationally heavy pretraining of ViT. Specifically, we use test-time adaptation (TTA) for this purpose, which corrects its prediction during test-time by itself. The representative test-time adaptation method, Tent, is recently found to be applicable to ViT by modulating parameters and gradient clipping. However, we observed that Tent sometimes catastrophically fails, especially under severe perturbations. To stabilize the adaptation, we propose a new loss function called Attent, which minimizes the distributional differences of the attention entropy between the source and target. Experiments of image classification task on CIFAR-10-C, CIFAR-100-C, and ImageNet-C show that both Tent and Attent are effective on a wide variety of corruptions. The results also show that by combining Attent and Tent, the classification accuracy on corrupted data is further improved.
Enhancing motor imagery practice using synchronous action observation
Authors: Eaves Daniel L. , Hodges Nicola J. , Buckingham Gavin , Buccino Giovanni , Vogt Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a variety of ways in which practising motor actions by means of motor imagery (MI) can be enhanced via synchronous action observation (AO), that is, by AO + MI. We review the available research on the (mostly facilitatory) behavioural effects of AO + MI practice in the early stages of skill acquisition, discuss possible theoretical explanations, and consider several issues related to the choice and presentation schedules of suitable models. We then discuss considerations related to AO + MI practice at advanced skill levels, including expertise effects, practical recommendations such as focussing attention on specific aspects of the observed action, using just-ahead models, and possible effects of the perspective in which the observed action is presented. In section “Coordinative AO + MI”, we consider scenarios where the observer imagines performing an action that complements or responds to the observed action, as a promising and yet under-researched application of AO + MI training. In section “The dual action simulation hypothesis of AO + MI”, we review the neurocognitive hypothesis that AO + MI practice involves two parallel action simulations, and we consider opportunities for future research based on recent neuroimaging work on parallel motor representations. In section “AO + MI training in motor rehabilitation”, we review applications of AO, MI, and AO + MI training in the field of neurorehabilitation. Taken together, this evidence-based, exploratory review opens a variety of avenues for future research and applications of AO + MI practice, highlighting several clear advantages over the approaches of purely AO- or MI-based practice.
Is musical engagement enough to keep the brain young?
Authors: Matziorinis Anna Maria , Gaser Christian , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMusic-making and engagement in music-related activities have shown procognitive benefits for healthy and pathological populations, suggesting reductions in brain aging. A previous brain aging study, using Brain Age Gap Estimation (BrainAGE), showed that professional and amateur-musicians had younger appearing brains than non-musicians. Our study sought to replicate those findings and analyze if musical training or active musical engagement was necessary to produce an age-decelerating effect in a cohort of healthy individuals. We scanned 125 healthy controls and investigated if musician status, and if musical behaviors, namely active engagement (AE) and musical training (MT) [as measured using the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI)], had effects on brain aging. Our findings suggest that musician status is not related to BrainAGE score, although involvement in current physical activity is. Although neither MT nor AE subscales of the Gold-MSI are predictive for BrainAGE scores, dispositional resilience, namely the ability to deal with challenge, is related to both musical behaviors and sensitivity to musical pleasure. While the study failed to replicate the findings in a previous brain aging study, musical training and active musical engagement are related to the resilience factor of challenge. This finding may reveal how such musical behaviors can potentially strengthen the brain’s resilience to age, which may tap into a type of neurocognitive reserve.
Phytotoxicity evaluation of nutrient-fortified pomegranate peel powders prepared from food waste and their feasibility as biofertilizers
Authors: Bodor Attila , Bellahsen Naoufal , Perei Katalin , Hodúr Cecília , Feigl Gábor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPomegranate peel powder (PPP) is increasingly used as a bioadsorbent to decontaminate wastewaters due to its adsorptive characteristics. The application of nutrient-fortified bioadsorbents as alternatives to chemical fertilizers can provide an innovative and eco-friendly approach for sustainable waste management. Nevertheless, there is extremely limited information regarding their effects on the growth of agricultural crops. We investigated the effects of raw and nutrient-fortified PPPs on oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Our results showed that the concentration-dependent in vitro phytotoxicity of high PPP doses (germination indices were 109.6%, 63.9%, and 8.9% at the applied concentrations of 0.05%, 0.5%, and 5%) was diminished by the application of nutrient-fortified PPPs (germination indices were 66.0–83.4% even at the highest doses). In pot experiments, most PPP treatments (especially Raw-PPP and the mixture of N- and P-fortified PPPs) promoted the development of aboveground plant parts. Reorganization of the pattern of protein tyrosine nitration in the root tissues indicated that the plants were acclimated to the presence of PPPs, and thus, PPP treatment induced no or low-level stress. Our findings confirmed that several doses of PPP supplementation were beneficial for the model crop plant when applied in soil. We anticipate that our study will be a foundation for future investigations involving more plant species and soil types, which can contribute to the introduction of nutrient-fortified PPPs as sustainable biofertilizers.
Reading What is Not There: Ethnomethodological Analysis of the Membership Category, Action, and Reason in Novels and Short Stories
Authors: Kawamura Ken , Okazawa Ryo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates how the reader of prose fiction fills in the blanks regarding a fictional character’s membership category, action, and reason for the action. Aligning with an ethnomethodological approach to texts and appropriating membership categorization analysis (MCA), we analyze how the readers of J. D. Salinger, an author whose works are well known for their ambiguity and ambivalence, would grasp the unwritten identities of characters and the meanings of their actions. Our analysis specifies two types of methods deployed for the reader to understand the fictional texts. First, in an at-a-glance way, the reader can supply the missing categories and sequence of actions by turning to the commonsense knowledge and social norms regarding the association between the category and the activity. Second, the reader can construct various interpretations regarding the recognizably ambiguous scenes of the text by turning to the conceptual knowledge of the relevant social phenomena, the maxims specific to the act of storytelling, and the writer’s techniques peculiar to the fictional texts. The findings demonstrate the vast applicability of an MCA approach to the analysis of the work of reading prose fiction and shed light on the detailed operations of the author’s maxims and techniques in the textual configuration of prose fiction, thereby indicating the possibility of ethnomethodological analysis including the interwoven consideration of the reader’s activity and the textual organization.
Strong Maximum Principle and Boundary Estimates for Nonhomogeneous Elliptic Equations
Authors: Lundström Niklas L.P. , Olofsson Marcus , Toivanen Olli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe give a simple proof of the strong maximum principle for viscosity subsolutions of fully nonlinear nonhomogeneous degenerate elliptic equations on the form
$$ F(x,u,Du,D^{2}u) = 0 $$

F
(
x
,
u
,
D
u
,

D

2

u
)
=
0

under suitable assumptions allowing for non-Lipschitz growth in the gradient term. In case of smooth boundaries, we also prove a Hopf lemma, a boundary Harnack inequality, and that positive viscosity solutions vanishing on a portion of the boundary are comparable with the distance function near the boundary. Our results apply, e.g., to weak solutions of an eigenvalue problem for the variable exponent p-Laplacian.
Sex-Specific Differences in the Placental Unfolded Protein Response in a Rodent Model of Gestational Hypoxia
Authors: Tong Wen , Ganguly Esha , Villalobos-Labra Roberto , Quon Anita , Spaans Floor , Giussani Dino A. , Davidge Sandra T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGestational hypoxia is a major contributor to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and perinatal morbidity and mortality and has been closely linked to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the placenta. Recent studies on adverse pregnancy conditions show differential adaptive responses in pregnancies carrying male or female fetuses. Here, we use an established rat model of hypoxic pregnancy and FGR to test the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia promotes sexually dimorphic activation of the placental UPR. Our data showed that gestational hypoxia increased glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) expression in male placentae, increased activating transcription factor 6 activation (ATF6) in female placentae, and did not induce changes in other UPR markers. In addition, gestational hypoxia reduced fetal weight only in males and ATF6 activation correlated with an increase in the fetal crown-rump-length/body weight ratio only in females. These results suggest sex-specific divergence in the placental adaptive response to gestational hypoxia, which may account for the sexual dimorphism observed in placental function and pregnancy outcomes in complicated pregnancies.
Graphical Abstract