bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraschalldiagnostik in der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin – brauchen wir eine standardisierte Ausbildung?
Authors: Eimer Christine , Lorenzen Ulf , Reifferscheid Florian , Passau Nils , Helzel Katharina , Schmuck Alexander , Seewald Stephan , Köser Andrea , Weiler Norbert , Gässler Holger , Hossfeld Björn , Gruenewald Matthias , Feth Maximilian 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Verbesserung der prähospitalen Notfalldiagnostik werden zahlreiche notarztbesetzte Rettungsmittel in Deutschland mit Ultraschallgeräten ausgestattet. Der Ausbildungsstand deutscher Notärzte in Notfallultraschallverfahren, die Verfügbarkeit und die Erfahrungen mit der prähospitalen Bildgebung sind bisher kaum evaluiert.

Methoden
Bundesweite Onlinebefragung unter Notärzten hinsichtlich Ausbildung in und Erfahrungen mit prähospitaler Ultraschalldiagnostik.

Ergebnisse
Im Studienzeitraum von 02/2022 bis 05/2022 wurden 1079 Teilnahmen an der Umfrage registriert. Es konnten 853 vollständige Fragebögen in die Auswertung eingeschlossen werden. 71,9 % der teilnehmenden Notärzte bewerten Point-of-Care-Ultraschall (POCUS) als sinnvolle Ergänzung der prähospitalen Notfalldiagnostik. 43,8 % der Teilnehmenden verfügt über eine standardisierte POCUS-Ausbildung. Teilnehmende mit zertifizierter POCUS-Ausbildung bewerten die eigene POCUS-Expertise besser als solche ohne eine entsprechende Ausbildung (p < 0,001). Die regelmäßige Anwendung von Ultraschall führt zu einer verbesserten Selbsteinschätzung der POCUS-Fähigkeiten.

Diskussion
Die Mehrheit der Umfrageteilnehmer bewertet POCUS als Verbesserung der prähospitalen Notfalldiagnostik. Die Teilnahme an einer zertifizierten POCUS-Ausbildung sowie der regelmäßige Einsatz von Ultraschall führen zu einer verbesserten Bewertung der eigenen POCUS-Fähigkeiten.
Organ-specific off-target effects of Pim/ZIP kinase inhibitors suggest lack of contractile Pim kinase activity in prostate, bladder, and vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Hu Sheng , Trieb Moritz , Huang Ru , Tamalunas Alexander , Keller Patrick , Götz Melanie , Waidelich Raphaela , Stief Christian G. , Hennenberg Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSmooth muscle contraction by Pim kinases and ZIPK has been suggested, but evidence for lower urinary tract organs or using Pim-selective inhibitor concentrations is not yet available. Here, we assessed effects of the Pim inhibitors AZD1208 and TCS PIM-1 and the dual ZIPK/Pim inhibitor HS38 on contractions of human prostate and bladder tissues and of porcine interlobar arteries. Human tissues were obtained from radical prostatectomy and radical cystectomy and renal interlobar arteries from pigs. Contractions were studied in an organ bath. Noradrenaline-, phenylephrine- and methoxamine-induced contractions were reduced (up to > 50%) with 500-nM AZD1208 in prostate tissues and to lesser degree and not consistently with all agonists in interlobar arteries. A total of 100-nM AZD1208 or 500-nM TCS PIM-1 did not affect agonist-induced contractions in prostate tissues. Decreases in agonist-induced contractions with 3-µM HS38 in prostate tissues and interlobar arteries were of small extent and did not occur with each agonist. Carbachol-induced contractions in detrusor tissues were unchanged with AZD1208 (500 nM) or HS38. Electric field stimulation–induced contractions were not affected with AZD1208 or HS38 in any tissue, but slightly reduced with 500-nM TCS PIM-1 in prostate tissues. Concentration-dependent effects of Pim inhibitors suggest lacking Pim-driven smooth muscle contraction in the prostate, bladder, and interlobar arteries but point to organ-specific functions of off-targets. Procontractile functions of ZIPK in the prostate and interlobar arteries may be limited and are lacking in the detrusor.
A Superunitary Fock Model of the Exceptional Lie Supergroup $$\mathbb {D}$$(2, 1; $$\alpha $$)
Authors: Barbier Sigiswald , Claerebout Sam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe construct a Fock model of the minimal representation of the exceptional Lie supergroup $${\mathbb {D}}(2,1; \alpha )$$

D
(
2
,
1
;
α
)

. Explicit expressions for the action are given by integrating to group level a Fock model of the Lie superalgebra $$D(2,1; \alpha )$$

D
(
2
,
1
;
α
)

constructed earlier by the authors. It is also shown that the representation is superunitary in the sense of de Goursac–Michel.
Normobaric hypoxia shows enhanced FOXO1 signaling in obese mouse gastrocnemius muscle linked to metabolism and muscle structure and neuromuscular innervation
Authors: Song Jingyi , Duivenvoorde Loes P. M. , Grefte Sander , Kuda Ondrej , Martínez-Ramírez Felipe , van der Stelt Inge , Mastorakou Dimitra , van Schothorst Evert M. , Keijer Jaap 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle relies on mitochondria for sustainable ATP production, which may be impacted by reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia). Compared with long-term hypoxia, the mechanistic in vivo response to acute hypoxia remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to provide an integrated description of the Musculus gastrocnemius response to acute hypoxia. Fasted male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice, fed a 40en% fat diet for six weeks, were exposed to 12% O2 normobaric hypoxia or normoxia (20.9% O2) for six hours (n = 12 per group). Whole-body energy metabolism and the transcriptome response of the M. gastrocnemius were analyzed and confirmed by acylcarnitine determination and Q-PCR. At the whole-body level, six hours of hypoxia reduced energy expenditure, increased blood glucose and tended to decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of forkhead box-O (FOXO) signalling, including an increased expression of tribbles pseudokinase 3 (Trib3). Trib3 positively correlated with blood glucose levels. Upregulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A negatively correlated with the RER, but the significantly increased in tissue C14-1, C16-0 and C18-1 acylcarnitines supported that β-oxidation was not regulated. The hypoxia-induced FOXO activation could also be connected to altered gene expression related to fiber-type switching, extracellular matrix remodeling, muscle differentiation and neuromuscular junction denervation. Our results suggest that a six-hour exposure of obese mice to 12% O2 normobaric hypoxia impacts M. gastrocnemius via FOXO1, initiating alterations that may contribute to muscle remodeling of which denervation is novel and warrants further investigation. The findings support an early role of hypoxia in tissue alterations in hypoxia-associated conditions such as aging and obesity.
Effects of Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) on Academic Performance and Educational Attainment
Authors: Seppä Sampo , Halt Anu-Helmi , Nordström Tanja , Hurtig Tuula 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this longitudinal population-based cohort study was to examine the effects of ADHD and ODD symptoms in adolescence on academic performance at age 16, and on educational attainment by the age of 32. The population studied here was the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). The participants were classified into four groups: those with symptoms of ADHD, ODD, ADHD + ODD, and a control group. Early academic performance at the age of 16 years was based on the Joint Application Register for Secondary Education, and eventual educational attainment was derived from the registers of Statistics Finland and included information recorded up to 2018. Although symptoms of pure ODD had a negative effect on academic performance at school relative to the control group, this effect was weaker than that of pure ADHD symptoms. The ADHD + ODD group, both males and females, had the greatest deficits of all in educational attainment in adulthood and failed to progress to an institution of higher education as often as the control group. Symptoms of ODD in adolescent females predicted educational attainment in adulthood that extended no further than the compulsory comprehensive school level. The results remained statistically significant after adjustment for the educational level of the parents of the subjects, family type, and any psychiatric disorders (other than ADHD or ODD). The findings provide valuable information on the pervasive effects of co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and ODD that persist into adulthood.
Fast Gap-Filling of Massive Data by Local-Equilibrium Conditional Simulations on GPU
Authors: Lach M. , Žukovič M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ever-growing size of modern space–time data sets, such as those collected by remote sensing, requires new techniques for their efficient and automated processing, including gap-filling of missing values. Compute Unified Device Architecture-based parallelization on graphics processing units (GPUs) has become a popular way to dramatically increase the computational efficiency of various approaches. Recently, a computationally efficient and competitive yet simple spatial prediction approach inspired by statistical physics models, called the modified planar rotator method, was proposed. Its GPU implementation allowed additional impressive computational acceleration exceeding two orders of magnitude in comparison with central processing unit calculations. In the current study, a rather general approach to modeling spatial heterogeneity in GPU-implemented spatial prediction methods for two-dimensional gridded data is proposed by introducing spatial variability to model parameters. Predictions of unknown values are obtained from non-equilibrium conditional simulations, assuming “local” equilibrium conditions. It is demonstrated that the proposed method leads to significant improvements in both prediction performance and computational efficiency.
Single Pixel Spectral Color Constancy
Authors: Koskinen Samu , Acar Erman , Kämäräinen Joni-Kristian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractColor constancy is still one of the biggest challenges in camera color processing. Convolutional neural networks have been able to improve the situation but there are still problems in many conditions, especially in scenes where a single color is dominating. In this work, we approach the problem from a slightly different setting. What if we could have some other information than the raw RGB image data. What kind of information would help to bring significant improvements while still be feasible in a mobile device. These questions sparked an idea for a novel approach for computational color constancy. Instead of raw RGB images used by the existing algorithms to estimate the scene white points, our approach is based on the scene’s average color spectra-single pixel spectral measurement. We show that as few as 10–14 spectral channels are sufficient. Notably, the sensor output has five orders of magnitude less data than in raw RGB images of a 10MPix camera. The spectral sensor captures the “spectral fingerprints” of different light sources and the illuminant white point can be accurately estimated by a standard regressor. The regressor can be trained with generated measurements using the existing RGB color constancy datasets. For this purpose, we propose a spectral data generation pipeline that can be used if the dataset camera model is known and thus its spectral characterization can be obtained. To verify the results with real data, we collected a real spectral dataset with a commercial spectrometer. On all datasets the proposed Single Pixel Spectral Color Constancy obtains the highest accuracy in the both single and cross-dataset experiments. The method is particularly effective for the difficult scenes for which the average improvements are 40–70% compared to state-of-the-arts. The approach can be extended to multi-illuminant case for which the experimental results also provide promising results.
Ultrafast Carbonized Wood of Electrode-Scaled Aligned-Porous Structure for High-Performance Lithium Batteries
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Nie Lu , Shi Hongsheng , Hu Xiangchen , Wang Zeyu , Zhang Xinshui , Zhang Yuyao , Hu Qilin , Gao Tianyi , Yu Yi , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of carbonized wood in various functional devices is attracting considerable attention due to its low cost, vertical channels, and high electrical conduction. However, the conventional carbonization method requires a long processing time and an inert atmosphere. Here, a microwave-assisted ultrafast carbonization technique was developed that carbonizes natural wood in seconds without the need for an inert atmosphere, and the obtained aligned-porous carbonized wood provided an excellent electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. This ultrafast carbonization technique simultaneously produced ZnO nanoparticles during the carbonization process that were uniformly distributed on the aligned-porous carbon. The hierarchical structure of carbonized wood functionalized with ZnO nanoparticles was used as a host for achieving high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries: the highly conductive carbonized wood framework with vertical channels provided good electron transport pathways, and the homogeneously dispersed ZnO nanoparticles effectively adsorbed lithium polysulfide and catalyzed its conversion reactions. In summary, a new method was developed to realize the ultrafast carbonization of biomass materials with decorated metal oxide nanoparticles.
Are Schumpeter’s Innovations Responsible? A Reflection on the Concept of Responsible (Research and) Innovation from a Neo-Schumpeterian Perspective
Authors: Śledzik K. , Szmelter-Jarosz A. , Schmidt E. Kalpazidou , Bielawski K. , Declich A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResponsible research and innovation (RRI) has gained significant traction in recent decades. However, the previous discussions on RRI have overlooked the economic dimension of innovation, which is encompassed by the perspective of Neo-Schumpeterian economics (N-SE). This paper aims to bridge the gap between the theories of responsible innovation (RI) and RRI and the underlying assumptions of N-SE. We seek to clarify the concept of responsible (research and) innovation — R(R)I. N-SE inherently recognizes the involvement of diverse stakeholders, including society and the public sector, as entrepreneurs driving and implementing innovation while assuming responsibility for its effects and consequences. In this respect, N-SE aligns with the responsible innovation concept discussed within the R(R)I framework. The paper addresses the fundamental question: What are the shared areas of interest between R(R)I and N-SE? This exploration enhances our understanding and facilitates the practical implementation of R(R)I in the context of N-SE, thereby promoting ethical, socially beneficial, and sustainable technological advancements.
A reduced basis ensemble Kalman method
Authors: Silva Francesco A. B. , Pagliantini Cecilia , Grepl Martin , Veroy Karen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the process of reproducing the state dynamics of parameter dependent distributed systems, data from physical measurements can be incorporated into the mathematical model to reduce the parameter uncertainty and, consequently, improve the state prediction. Such a data assimilation process must deal with the data and model misfit arising from experimental noise as well as model inaccuracies and uncertainties. In this work, we focus on the ensemble Kalman method (EnKM), a particle-based iterative regularization method designed for a posteriori analysis of time series. The method is gradient free and, like the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), relies on a sample of parameters or particle ensemble to identify the state that better reproduces the physical observations, while preserving the physics of the system as described by the best knowledge model. We consider systems described by parameterized parabolic partial differential equations and employ model order reduction techniques to generate surrogate models of different accuracy with uncertain parameters. Their use in combination with the EnKM involves the introduction of the model bias which constitutes a new source of systematic error. To mitigate its impact, an algorithm adjustment is proposed accounting for a prior estimation of the bias in the data. The resulting RB-EnKM is tested in different conditions, including different ensemble sizes and increasing levels of experimental noise. The results are compared to those obtained with the standard EnKF and with the unadjusted algorithm.
Voices from Health Care Providers: Assessing the Impact of the Indian Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 on the Practice of IVF in India
Authors: Tank Jaydeep , Kotiswaran Prabha , Tank Parikshit , Tank Dev , Tank Jash 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe regulatory vacuum in the field of ART in India was filled when in December 2021, the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 (ART Act) (https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/232025.pdf) and the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 (SR Act) were passed. We surveyed medical professionals to understand their knowledge, attitude and perception towards the Acts and to offer an initial, snapshot assessment of their impact on the medical community. The government has already signalled its intent to implement the Acts and has published several notifications/gazettes to clarify and amend the issues surrounding the Acts (https://artsurrogacy.gov.in/NationalArtSurrogacy/faces/HomePage.xhtml#). We hope that these responses will help to voice the thoughts, concerns and suggestions from of ART service providers for ART to further clarify and rationalise the laws. Infertility is already a much stigmatised problem which deserves to be a higher public health priority. While the laws are a welcome step, changes in both laws is are the need of the hour to make ART more accessible, available and affordable to the millions of couples who need these services and for the health care providers who to be able to deliver them.
Innovative extraction technologies of bioactive compounds from plant by-products for textile colorants and antimicrobial agents
Authors: Nguyen Thu Lam , Ora Ari , Häkkinen Suvi T. , Ritala Anneli , Räisänen Riikka , Kallioinen-Mänttäri Mari , Melin Kristian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe agriculture and horticulture industries generate many by-products while processing commodities, leading to significant environmental and societal dilemmas. Bioactive compounds obtained from by-products of plants are also known as ingredients in traditional medicines and the food industry due to their potential health benefits for humans as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents. On the other hand, an extensive array of colorants from natural sources has been scrutinized recently in different sectors to mitigate the negative ecological impacts of synthetic dyes, especially in modern textile manufacturing. Approaching these matters, this paper reviews various chemical compositions of plant secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, essential oils, tulipalins, and factors that influence the isolation process. Moreover, the article offers an updated view of the advanced technologies for extraction, focusing on eco-friendly solvents such as water, supercritical carbon dioxide, and deep eutectic solvents. Eventually, a comparison of different extraction methods is highlighted to devise the most appropriate strategy for industries.
Graphical abstract
Brain-computer interface prototype to support upper limb rehabilitation processes in the human body
Authors: Camargo-Vargas Daniela , Callejas-Cuervo Mauro , Alarcón-Aldana Andrea Catherine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe high potential for creating brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and video games for upper limb rehabilitation has been demonstrated in recent years. In this work, we describe the implementation of a prototype BCI with feedback based on a virtual environment to control the lateral movement of a character by predicting the subject’s motor intention. The electroencephalographic signals were processed employing a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, Common Spatial Patterns (CSP), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Also, a video game was used as a virtual environment, which was written in C# on the Unity3D platform. The test results showed that the prototype implemented based on electroencephalographic signal acquisition has the potential to take on real-time applications such as avatar control or assistive devices, obtaining a maximum control time of 65 s. In addition, it was noticed that the feedback in an interface plays a crucial role, since it helps the person not only to feel motivated, but also to learn how to have a more consistent motor intention and when little calibration data is recorded, the probability that the system makes erroneous predictions increases. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the development as support for people who require some treatment in the form of upper limb motor rehabilitation, and that the use of virtual environments, such as video games, can motivate such people during the rehabilitation processes.
Naturphänomenologie will betrieben werden
Authors: Ott Konrad 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel geht im Ausgang von der Leibphänomenologie auf deren Schlüsselbegriffe „Erfahrung“ und „Artikulation“ ein. Unter dieser Perspektive werden vier Paradigmata naturphänomenologisch näher betrachtet: a) die Einstellung der Biophilie, die sich eine naturgeschichtliche Mitgift, eine phänomenologische Aufgabe und eine Naturschutzperspektive unterscheidet, b) die Phänomene der gesundheitsförderlichen Wirkungen von Naturkontakten, c) Musterbeispiele deontischer Erfahrungen mit Naturwesen, deren Deutung für die Lösung des Inklusionsproblems relevant ist, und schließlich d) Versuche, Klimawandel in phänomenologische Erfahrung zu bringen. Im Fazit werden Überlegungen zu offenen Fragen und möglichen Konsequenzen angestellt, die sich für ein vertieftes Verständnis der Paradigmata ergeben könnten.
On the range of unsolvable systems induced by complex vector fields
Authors: da Silva A. V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe provide criteria for local unsolvability of first-order differential systems induced by complex vector fields employing techniques from the theory of locally integrable structures. Following Hörmander’s approach to study locally unsolvable equations, we obtain analogous results in the differential complex associated to a locally integrable structure provided that it is not locally exact in three different scenarios: top-degree, Levi-nondegenerate structures and co-rank 1 structures.
What the development of gesture with and without speech can tell us about the effect of language on thought
Authors: Özçalışkan Şeyda , Lucero Ché , Goldin-Meadow Susan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdults display cross-linguistic variability in their speech in how they package and order semantic elements of a motion event. These differences can also be found in speakers’ co-speech gestures (gesturing with speech), but not in their silent gestures (gesturing without speech). Here, we examine when in development children show the differences between co-speech gesture and silent gesture found in adults. We studied speech and gestures produced by 100 children learning English or Turkish (n = 50/language) – equally divided into 5 age-groups: 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, and 11–12 years. Children were asked to describe three-dimensional spatial event scenes (e.g., a figure crawling across carpet) first with speech and then without speech using their hands. We focused on physical motion events that elicit, in adults, cross-linguistic differences in co-speech gesture and cross-linguistic similarities in silent gesture. We found the adult pattern even in the youngest children: (1) Language shaped co-speech gesture beginning at age 3 years, showing an early effect of language on thinking for speaking (as measured by gestures that occur during the speech act). (2) Language did not affect silent gesture at any age, highlighting early limits on the effects language has on thinking and revealing a language of gesture that shows similarities across languages.