bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What we see is what we do: a practical Peripheral Vision-Based HMM framework for gaze-enhanced recognition of actions in a medical procedural task
Authors: Wang Felix S. , Kreiner Thomas , Lutz Alexander , Lohmeyer Quentin , Meboldt Mirko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeep learning models have shown remarkable performances in egocentric video-based action recognition (EAR), but rely heavily on a large quantity of training data. In specific applications with only limited data available, eye movement data may provide additional valuable sensory information to achieve accurate classification performances. However, little is known about the effectiveness of gaze data as a modality for egocentric action recognition. We, therefore, propose the new Peripheral Vision-Based HMM (PVHMM) classification framework, which utilizes context-rich and object-related gaze features for the detection of human action sequences. Gaze information is quantified using two features, the object-of-interest hit and the object–gaze distance, and human action recognition is achieved by employing a hidden Markov model. The classification performance of the framework is tested and validated on a safety-critical medical device handling task sequence involving seven distinct action classes, using 43 mobile eye tracking recordings. The robustness of the approach is evaluated using the addition of Gaussian noise. Finally, the results are then compared to the performance of a VGG-16 model. The gaze-enhanced PVHMM achieves high classification performances in the investigated medical procedure task, surpassing the purely image-based classification model. Consequently, this gaze-enhanced EAR approach shows the potential for the implementation in action sequence-dependent real-world applications, such as surgical training, performance assessment, or medical procedural tasks.
Effect of Vacuum Impregnation and High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatments on Shelf Life, Physicochemical, and Sensory Properties of Seabream Fillets
Authors: Bou Ricard , Guerrero Luis , López Mariló , Claret Anna , López-Mas Laura , Castellari Massimo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMarination is commonly used to preserve fish, which, in combination with other non-thermal technologies, such as vacuum impregnation and high hydrostatic pressure, may help to preserve freshness and extend shelf life. In addition, marination may mask changes in physicochemical properties and the sensory attributes of fish resulting from intense pressurization treatments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of vacuum impregnation (50 mbar for 5 min) alone or in combination with a moderate pressurization treatment (250 MPa for 6 min) on the physicochemical properties, microbiological and oxidative stability, and sensory properties of refrigerated seabream fillets. Compared to conventional marination, vacuum impregnation alone had no effect on the aforementioned properties, except for a higher perception of lemon aroma (0.9 vs. 1.6). However, vacuum impregnation with pressurization reduced the total viable mesophilic aerobic bacteria to counts below 4 log colony forming units (CFU)/g after 16 days of storage at ≤ 2 °C, compared to 6 log CFU/g with conventional marination. Additionally, the color and texture were affected by the pressurization treatment. However, color was more susceptible, and at the beginning of storage, lightness was higher in the pressurized samples than in the control (52 vs. 78). Regardless, this whitening effect and other minor changes in texture and sensory properties compared to conventional marination with vacuum impregnation with pressurization can be considered of little relevance considering the increase in shelf life, the lack of lipid oxidation (maintained at low and similar levels as those of the non-pressurized samples), and the intrinsic whitening effects of certain marinades.
Digitally Deprived Children in Europe
Authors: Ayllón Sara , Holmarsdottir Halla , Lado Samuel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed the need for internet connectivity and technological devices across the population, but especially among school-aged children. For a large proportion of pupils, access to a connected computer nowadays makes the difference between being able to keep up with their educational development and falling badly behind. This paper provides a detailed account of the digitally deprived children in Europe, according to the latest available wave of the European Union – Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We find that 5.4% of school-aged children in Europe are digitally deprived and that differences are large across countries. Children that cohabit with low-educated parents, in poverty or in severe material deprivation are those most affected.
Disease X vaccine production and supply chains: risk assessing healthcare systems operating with artificial intelligence and industry 4.0
Authors: Radanliev Petar , De Roure David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this theoretical paper is to identify conceptual solutions for securing, predicting, and improving vaccine production and supply chains.

Method
The case study, action research, and review method is used with secondary data – publicly available open access data.

Results
A set of six algorithmic solutions is presented for resolving vaccine production and supply chain bottlenecks. A different set of algorithmic solutions is presented for forecasting risks during a Disease X event. A new conceptual framework is designed to integrate the emerging solutions in vaccine production and supply chains. The framework is constructed to improve the state-of-the-art by intersecting the previously isolated disciplines of edge computing; cyber-risk analytics; healthcare systems, and AI algorithms.

Conclusion
For healthcare systems to cope better during a disease X event than during Covid-19, we need multiple highly specific AI algorithms, targeted for solving specific problems. The proposed framework would reduce production and supply chain risk and complexity in a Disease X event.
Investigating the roles of different extracted parameters from satellite images in improving the accuracy of daily reference evapotranspiration estimation
Authors: Talebi Hamed , Samadianfard Saeed , Kamran Khalil Valizadeh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAgricultural water management, crop modeling, and irrigation scheduling are all dependent on the accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0). A satellite image can also compensate for the lack of reliable weather information. So, in this study, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been implemented for optimizing multilayer perceptron (MLP) and developing SGD-MLP to estimate daily ET0 in Tabriz (semi-arid climate) and Babolsar (humid climate) stations, Iran, using extracted data from satellite images. The estimated ET0 values were compared to the determined ET0 based on the FAO-Penman–Monteith equation. Based on satellite image data collected from 2003 to 2021, the database was constructed. During the development of the abovementioned models, data from 2003 to 2016 (70%) were used for training purposes, and residual data (30%) were used for testing purposes. Additionally, the input variables, including land surface temperature (LST) day and night, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), and a fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) from MODIS sensor, were utilized to estimate the daily ET0. Thus, there are three studied models; first is based on the LST, second on the vegetation indices, and third on the combination of the LST and the vegetation indices. Additionally, four performance indexes, including the coefficient of determination (R2), the root-mean-square error (RMSE), Willmott’s index of agreement (WI), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, were utilized in order to measure the implemented model’s accuracy. According to the obtained results, the SGD-MLP-3 with input parameters of LSTday&night, LSTmean, LAI, NDVI, and FPAR gave the most accurate results with RMSE and WI values of as 0.417 mm/day, 0.973, for Tabriz and 0.754 mm/day, 0.922 for Babolsar stations, respectively. Conclusively, LST of daytime, nighttime, and average may be suggested as the most influential parameter for ET0 estimation.
Stressful life events, general cognitive performance, and financial capacity in healthy older adults and Alzheimer’s disease patients
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa , Tsolaki Magda 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Background
The influence of stressful life events on general cognition and for the first time on financial capacity performance of patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and in healthy controls (HC) is assessed.

Methods
A total of 268 participants (122 patients and 146 HCs with similar demographics) were examined with a number of neuropsychological tests, including Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS) for measuring financial capacity. The life change unit (LCU) method was also used.

Results
HCs reported more stressful events than AD patients before the onset of the disease as the LCU load was higher for them (51.80 vs. 27.50), but in both groups the level of LCU load was far below 100, which is the threshold suggested for the induction of a psychosomatic disorder. The most frequently reported life event for AD patients was increased family arguments (n = 45/122), followed by increase in responsibilities (n = 32/122) and financial difficulties (n = 29/122), while the HC group reported problems within the family (n = 56/146), change in health status (n = 32/146), and a death of a beloved family member (n = 27/146). Regressions indicate no causal role for recent life events in the etiopathogenesis of AD, but an influence only of MMSE and diagnosis on financial capacity.

Conclusions
Stressful life events do not seem to be important in financial capacity and relevant vulnerability to financial exploitation for either HCs or AD patients; therefore clinicians should not consider them per se as a possible aggravating factor for financial deficits.
A Scoping Review of the Essential Components of Emergency Medical Response Systems for Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: Usoro Agnes , Mehmood Amber , Rapaport Sarah , Ezeigwe Angelica K. , Adeyeye Adebisi , Akinlade Oluwafunmilayo , Dias Jennifer , Barnett Daniel J. , Hsu Edbert B. , Tower Craig , Razzak Junaid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:Emergency medical (EM) response systems require extensive coordination, particularly during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The recognition of preparedness gaps and contextual priorities to MCI response capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be better understood through the components of EM reponse systems. This study aims to delineate essential components and provide a framework for effective emergency medical response to MCIs.Methods:A scoping review was conducted using 4 databases. Title and abstract screening was followed by full-text review. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes pertaining to the essential components and integration of EM response systems.Results:Of 20,456 screened citations, 181 articles were included in the analysis. Seven major and 40 sub-themes emerged from the content analysis as the essential components and supportive elements of MCI medical response. The essential components of MCI response were integrated into a framework demonstrating interrelated connections between essential and supportive elements.Conclusions:Definitions of essential components of EM response to MCIs vary considerably. Most literature pertaining to MCI response originates from high income countries with far fewer reports from LMICs. Integration of essential components is needed in different geopolitical and economic contexts to ensure an effective MCI emergency medical response.
On some properties of distributions possessing a bathtub-shaped failure rate average
Authors: Khan Ruhul Ali , Bhattacharyya Dhrubasish , Mitra Murari 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe life distribution of a device subject to shocks governed by a homogeneous Poisson process is shown to have a bathtub failure rate average (BFRA) when the probabilities
$\bar{P}_k$
of surviving k shocks possess the corresponding discrete property. We prove closure under the formation of weak limits for BFRA distributions and explore related moment convergence issues within the BFRA family. Similar results for increasing and decreasing failure rate average distributions are obtained either independently or as consequences of our results. We also establish some results outlining the positions of various non-monotonic ageing classes such as bathtub failure rate, increasing initially then decreasing mean residual life, new worse then better than used in expectation, and increasing initially then decreasing mean time to failure in the hierarchy. Finally, an open problem is posed and a partial solution provided.
Effects of dietary plant protein sources intake on growth, digestive enzyme activity, edible tissue nutritional status and intestinal health of the omnivorous Redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: Jiang Zongzheng , Qian Dunwei , Liang Zhenye , Jia Yongyi , Xu Chang , Li Erchao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor the omnivorous Cherax quadricarinatus crayfish, plant raw materials can be good alternatives to dietary fish meal (FM). A 56-d feeding trial was conducted in C. quadricarinatus (11·70 (se 0·13) g). Diet with 100 % FM as the protein source was the control. Seven experimental diets were formulated by replacing 75 or 100 % of FM with soyabean meal (SM75, SM100) or cottonseed meal (CM75 and CM100), and a mixture of SM and CM (protein content is 1:1) replacing 50, 75 or 100 % of FM (SC50, SC75 and SC100). Crayfish fed the CM100 and SC100 showed significantly lower weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, trypsin and pepsin activities compared with the control diet. Crayfish in CM100 group showed significantly higher GPx, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities and malondialdehyde content than the control. SM100 and CM100 diets can cause slight separation of the peritrophic membrane from the intestinal folds. The pepsin activity of crayfish in SC50 was significantly higher than those in other experimental diets. The highest WG and muscle arginine content were also found in crayfish fed SC50. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae and Candidatus Bacilloplasma was significantly higher, but Actinobacteriota was significantly lower in SM100, CM100 and SC100 than in control. Microbiota functional prediction indicated that the relative abundance of ‘cell motility’ pathway in crayfish fed CM100 was significantly decreased compared with the control. In conclusion, only half of the FM can be effectively substituted with a mixture of SM and CM (protein content is 1:1) for C. quadricarinatus.
Coinfection rates of avian blood parasites increase with latitude in parapatric host species
Authors: Starkloff Naima C. , Galen Spencer C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnimals are frequently coinfected with multiple parasites concurrently, and advances in our sampling of these complex intra-host parasite communities have revealed important ecological impacts on their hosts. However, the spatial distributions and environmental determinants of parasite coinfection remain infrequently studied. Here, we investigated the drivers of haemosporidian blood parasite coinfection in the Bicknell's thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and grey-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus), parapatric sister species that occur across a broad latitudinal range in northern North America. Using 298 samples from across the distributions of these species, we found high overall infection (86%) and coinfection (41%) rates within host populations. Coinfection rates within populations were highly variable across sampling sites, ranging from 7 to 75%. Latitude was a more important predictor of coinfection frequency than host species identity, with coinfections becoming more abundant at higher latitudes. The 2 host species exhibited similar parasite faunas, and an analysis of the co-occurrence patterns among haemosporidians showed that host species identity was largely not a factor in structuring which parasites were found within coinfections. To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate a reverse latitudinal gradient in coinfection frequency in a eukaryotic parasite system. Further work is necessary to determine whether vector ecology or some other factor is the primary proximate driver of this pattern.
Do people like to discuss politics? A study of citizens’ political talk culture
Authors: Schmitt-Beck Rüdiger , Neumann Manuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs deliberative democracy is gaining practical momentum, the question arises whether citizens’ attitudes toward everyday political talk are congruent with this ‘talk-centric’ vision of democratic governance. Drawing on a unique survey we examine how German citizens view the practice of discussing politics in everyday life, and what determines these attitudes. We find that only a minority appreciates talking about politics. To explain these views, we combine Fishbein and Ajzen’s Expectancy-Value Model of attitudes toward behaviors with perspectives from research on interpersonal communication. Individuals’ interest in politics emerges as the only relevant political disposition for attitudes toward everyday political talk. Its impact is surpassed and conditioned by conflict orientations and other enduring psychological dispositions, as well as contextual circumstances like the closeness of social ties and the amount of disagreement experienced during conversations. The beneficial effect of political interest dwindles under adverse interpersonal conditions. The social dimension of everyday political talk thus appears to outweigh its political dimension.
Detecting Permafrost Active Layer Thickness Change From Nonlinear Baseflow Recession
Authors: Cooper M. G. , Zhou T. , Bennett K. E. , Bolton W. R. , Coon E. T. , Fleming S. W. , Rowland J. C. , Schwenk J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPermafrost underlies about one fifth of the global land area and affects ground stability, freshwater runoff, soil chemistry, and surface‐atmosphere gas exchange. The depth of thawed ground overlying permafrost (active layer thickness) has broadly increased across the Arctic in recent decades, coincident with a period of increased streamflow, especially the lowest flows (baseflow). Mechanistic links between active layer thickness and baseflow have recently been explored using linear reservoir theory, but most watersheds behave as nonlinear reservoirs. We derive theoretical nonlinear relationships between long‐term average saturated soil thickness (proxy for active layer thickness) and long‐term average baseflow. When applied to 38 years of daily streamflow data for the Kuparuk River basin on the North Slope of Alaska, the theory predicts increased cm a−1 between 1983 and 2020 ( cm total). The rate of increase nearly doubled to cm a−1 between 1990 and 2020, during which time local field measurements from Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring sites indicate the active layer increased cm a−1. The predicted rate of increase more than doubled again between 2002 and 2020, outpacing a near doubling of observed active layer thickening, consistent with trends in terrestrial water storage inferred from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite gravimetry and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications climate reanalysis. Overall, hydrologic change is accelerating in the Kuparuk River basin, and we provide a theoretical framework for estimating basin‐scale changes in active layer water storage from streamflow measurements.
Endothelial senescence in vascular diseases: current understanding and future opportunities in senotherapeutics
Authors: Han Yeaeun , Kim Sung Young 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSenescence compromises the essential role that the endothelium plays in maintaining vascular homeostasis, so promoting endothelial dysfunction and the development of age-related vascular diseases. Their biological and clinical significance calls for strategies for identifying and therapeutically targeting senescent endothelial cells. While senescence and endothelial dysfunction have been studied extensively, distinguishing what is distinctly endothelial senescence remains a barrier to overcome for an effective approach to addressing it. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying endothelial senescence and the evidence for its clinical importance. Furthermore, we discuss the current state and the limitations in the approaches for the detection and therapeutic intervention of target cells, suggesting potential directions for future research.
TPX2 prompts mitotic survival via the induction of BCL2L1 through YAP1 protein stabilization in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Kim Yun-Jeong , Go Young-Hyun , Jeong Ho-Chang , Kwon Eun-Ji , Kim Seong-Min , Cheong Hyun Sub , Kim Wantae , Shin Hyoung Doo , Lee Haeseung , Cha Hyuk-Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGenetic alterations have been reported for decades in most human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Survival advantage, a typical trait acquired during long-term in vitro culture, results from the induction ofBCL2L1upon frequent copy number variation (CNV) at locus 20q11.21 and is one of the strongest candidates associated with genetic alterations that occur via escape from mitotic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms forBCL2L1induction remain unknown. Furthermore, abnormal mitosis and the survival advantage that frequently occur in late passage are associated with the expression ofBCL2L1, which is in locus 20q11.21. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression ofTPX2, a gene located in 20q11.21, led toBCL2L1induction and consequent survival traits under mitotic stress in isogenic pairs of hESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with normal and 20q11.21 CNVs. High Aurora A kinase activity by TPX2 stabilized the YAP1 protein to induce YAP1-dependentBCL2L1expression. A chemical inhibitor of Aurora A kinase and knockdown of YAP/TAZ significantly abrogated the high tolerance to mitotic stress throughBCL2L1suppression. These results suggest that the collective expression ofTPX2andBCL2L1from CNV at loci 20q11.21 and a consequent increase in YAP1 signaling promote genome instability during long-term in vitro hESC culture.
Grave-to-cradle: human embryonic lineage tracing from the postmortem body
Authors: Choi Seock Hwan , Ku Eu Jeong , Choi Yujin Angelina , Oh Ji Won 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCuriosity concerning the process of human creation has been around for a long time. Relevant questions seemed to be resolved with the knowledge of how cells divide after fertilization obtained through in vitro fertilization experiments. However, we still do not know how human life is created at the cellular level. Recently, the value of cadavers as a resource from which to obtain “normal” cells and tissues has been established, and human research using postmortem bodies has attracted growing scientific attention. As the human genome can be analyzed at the level of nucleotides through whole-genome sequencing, individual cells in a postmortem body can be traced back to determine what developmental processes have transpired from fertilization. These retrospective lineage tracing studies have answered several unsolved questions on how humans are created. This review covers the methodologies utilized in lineage tracing research in a historical context and the conceptual basis for reconstructing the division history of cells in a retrospective manner using postzygotic somatic variants in postmortem tissue. We further highlight answers that postmortem research could potentially address and discuss issues that wait to be solved in the future.