bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant-based diets and postprandial hyperkalemia
Authors: Varshney Aarushi , Dupuis Leonie , Aggarwal Monika , Joshi Shivam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This Letter to the Editor is a response to St-Jules and Fouque and their interpretation of postprandial hyperkalemia, especially regarding plant-based diets. Based on the reviewed literature review, potassium kinetic studies cited by the authors include only 1 study with a food-based intervention that actually showed reduced postprandial hyperkalemia with plant-based diets. The remainder of the studies used potassium salts or supplements that behave differently compared with whole plant foods. As such, we recommend avoiding restriction of whole plant foods in patients with chronic kidney disease when solely based on the theoretical risk of postprandial hyperkalemia.
The Ex Post Facto Clause
Authors: Logan Wayne A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This volume provides the first book-length, modern-era examination of the Ex Post Facto Clause, contained in Article I sections 9 and 10 of the US Constitution, focusing upon its history and role in tempering the penal populism of American legislatures. As one of the few rights specified in the body of the Constitution itself, the clause was intended, as James Madison put it, to serve as a “bulwark” against the tendency of legislatures to enact retroactive laws increasing or imposing new burdens on disdained individuals. For the first several decades of the nation’s history, the Supreme Court enforced the clause with vigor, for instance, invalidating retroactive laws enacted after the Civil War targeting supporters of the Confederacy. Today, however, the clause is a hollowed-out shell of its former self, at once reflecting and enabling the nation’s shift toward politically popular tough-on-crime policies. The book chronicles this evolution and provides a blueprint for how the Ex Post Facto Clause can be restored to its rightful place as a bulwark against the punitive impulses of modern-day legislators, whether state or federal.
Broadening the Scope of Coverage
Authors: Logan Wayne A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses several provocative potential modifications to the current protective scope of the clause. First, whether the clause should remain applicable to only criminal laws, a central holding of the Supreme Court’s seminal decision in Calder v. Bull (1798); second, whether the clause prohibits only the four kinds of retroactive laws specified in Calder; third, whether the clause only pertains to “laws” enacted by legislatures, not also legal dictates emanating from other branches of government; and fourth, finally, whether doctrine should continue to except laws deemed “procedural” from the coverage of the clause. The respective proposals are discussed as are the potential difficulties that might arise if adopted. The chapter closes with a discussion of the many critically important shifts occurring over time in the nation since the Framing Era, and the role and function of its three branches of government, which together heighten the importance of the modifications suggested.
Prologue
Authors: Lieber Laura S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter delineates key terms, ideas, and parameters employed in the present study. In particular, the concept of “religious performance” is defined and contextualized within the larger categories of theater, oratory, and liturgy. Theatrical performances were crucial and ubiquitous in late antique culture. Approaching hymnody, the communal performance of song in religious settings, through the lens of engaging performance helps modern readers recover and appreciate subtle elements and see “theatricality” as a way of understanding the performer–audience dynamic essential to liturgical ritual. There are three distinct threads integral to performance: the author, who created the work; the performer, who translated the text into a living experience for listeners; and the audience, who offered feedback on its success or failure. The chapter concludes with an outline of the monograph, which examines the cultural context of liturgical poetry; the authors, performers, and congregational audiences; sensory engagement; techniques of character creation; and a sense of how the performance of poetry could have been seen and heard.
Take Your Places: Authors, Actors, and Audiences
Authors: Lieber Laura S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the ways in which liturgical poet-performers resemble other varieties of performers in late antiquity, specifically actors (mimes and pantomimes) and orators practicing declamation. After establishing similarities, the analysis also considers how a liturgically embedded mode of performance was distinctive from its civil-secular counterparts. Of particular interest are the kinds of relationships the liturgical poet fostered among their listeners and to what effect. These relationships were created through poetic use of techniques familiar from the oratorical handbooks of antiquity (progymnasmata), such as speech-in-character (ethopoeia) and vivid description (ekphrasis, energeia). Also considered are the variety of performers implicit and explicit in the composition of liturgical poems, including not only the speaker but also the community, who are included in performance by means of refrains, understood as akin to acclamation, and other informal participatory practices common in other venues of public performance.
Sounds, Sightlines, and Senses:Bodies and Nonverbal Literacy
Authors: Lieber Laura S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The performer’s physical expressiveness and bodily interpretation and delivery of his material were essential to the experience of oratory, theater, or liturgy, despite the nearly unrecoverable nature of such details from the surviving written materials. In this chapter, literary and material clues that can help expand our understanding of the embodied performance of liturgical poems are teased out: evidence of “embodied” practices and experiences in the small sense of the performer’s physical presence, and in the large sense of the audience’s experience of it in an architectural context. Various means by which the performers of hymns could have tapped into the vast physical repertoires of oratory and theater as a means for shaping how their poems were understood are considered. Similarly, diverse ways in which the built spaces of churches and synagogues were themselves essential components of the embodied experience of these works are examined. Attention to the dynamic interactions between humans and performance space are highlighted, presenting an understanding of built spaces as instruments of sight and sound, played by both performer and congregation
Multicultural Conflicts in Postpolitical Double Ethics
Authors: Jeong Seung-hoon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In Part I (“Abjection and Agency”), to lay out the global framing of cinema, Chapter 1 begins with the cinematic motif of ‘falling’ that evokes the historic falls signaling two phases of globalization. It is in this context that the double ethical turn of politics takes place with ‘soft-ethical’ tolerance and ‘hard-ethical’ violence. Chapter 1 delves into this pair in terms of ‘multiculturalism’ and ‘hate,’ reviewing related debates on French society, among others. The half-included, half-excluded people in the suburbs of global metropoles as depicted in La haine are examined as ‘the abject’ in the process of tracing abjection theory, reloaded with the concept of ‘agency.’ The last two sections examine ‘abject agency’ with its ethical potential and limitations, exploring a series of post–La haine French films about multicultural conflicts that have globally circulated in the mainstream market and on the festival circuit.
Law, Divine Violence, and the Sanctity of Life
Authors: Jeong Seung-hoon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Opening Part II (“Catastrophe and Revelation”), Chapter 4 further investigates sovereignty through Walter Benjamin’s critique of violence. While ‘lawmaking’ violence founds a biopolitical community, and ‘law-preserving’ violence governs it, they interlock, just as Batman and the police use supralegal and legal violence to restore law in the Dark Knight series. Meanwhile, ‘divine violence’ destroys law revolutionarily, but it often turns into ‘pseudo-divine violence’ that sovereign killers justify for community building without revolution, that is, into lawmaking violence. As The Act of Killing shows, here appears a global ethical dilemma: that no absolute justice works as the basis of life’s sacred value. The chapter then inquires into true divine violence without any god-like sovereign and formulates the sanctity of life as a potential humanity yet to come.
The Time Loop of Catastrophe in the Mind-Game Film
Authors: Jeong Seung-hoon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To enrich our study of catastrophe with another film trend, Chapter 7 explores time-travel mind-game films. Among others, Donnie Darko stages postcatastrophic redemption from a traumatic time loop through the abject hero’s agency of retroactive causality and sublime self-sacrifice. Moreover, the catastrophe uncovers the hidden sides of the world, making room for a new beginning with unknown potentialities. Source Code uniquely updates and challenges this redemptive potential. Its protagonist, trapped in a loop of a traumatic counterterrorist mission, never finds an exit from the sovereign system of neoliberal productivity and pathological abjection. Even his sacrifice is ‘undone,’ and he ultimately embraces the perpetual present of ‘redoing’ this ‘undoing’ vis-à-vis repetitive disasters. This reinforced reaffirmation of sovereign agency underlies the transhuman ideology found in many post–Source Code films.
Narrative Formations of Community and Network
Authors: Jeong Seung-hoon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
If Parts I and II centered on today’s subjectivity under abjection and catastrophe, Parts III and IV shed more light on the nature of global society and ethical alternatives in its postpolitical age. As a transitional bridge in Part III (“Community and Network”), Chapter 8 begins with ‘network films’ to illuminate the mechanisms of community and network and their narrative formations in global cinema from biopolitical, psychoanalytic, and sociological perspectives. Community is characterized here as a closed set of subjects who may be ‘abjected’ from it, whereas a network is an open whole of endless links along which the subject-abject shift constantly occurs in the mode of being ‘on/off’ rather than ‘in/out.’ Building on an array of theories, the chapter maps a variety of films in this context and addresses network narratives as symptomatic of the paradigm shift from community to network with all potentials and limitations in our global age.
Nation, Transnationality, and Global Community as Totalized Network
Authors: Jeong Seung-hoon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
If Chapter 8 theorizes the community- and network-based narratives by mapping many Western films, Chapter 9 maps a series of globally recognized non-Western films, notably based in the Global South, including Arab, Indian, and Chinese regions: Timbuktu, Taste of Cherry, Life and Nothing More . . ., Roja, Rang de Basanti, Slumdog Millionaire, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Chungking Express, The World, and A Touch of Sin. These films not only represent the community and network principles as perceptively as their Western counterparts but also call for further developments of formerly discussed topics such as law, violence, fundamentalism, multiculturalism, neoliberalism, and abject agency. Moreover, the paradigm shift from community to network is detailed along the frame shift from national to transitional to global in world cinema while enriching our view of the global community as a totalized network.
The Category of Comics
Authors: Pratt Henry John , Shaffert Kurt F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The chapter begins with a list of uncontroversial works that we tend to classify as comics because of their fit into the “standard history” of comics. However, merely being part of the standard history is insufficient for making something a comic, which is shown by attending to the relation between comics and cartoons. Comics and cartoons are distinct categories, but it is legitimate to refer to as “cartooning” a range of common styles that are used for drawing comics. The chapter closes with the intersections between comics and art. In the evaluative and premodern senses of art, most (possibly all) comics turn out to be artworks. But in the sense central to the Western modern tradition, fewer comics are artworks. Although some comics occupy the right kind of context for art—the artworld—the fit of the comics world into that context is uneasy.
The Media of Comics
Authors: Pratt Henry John , Shaffert Kurt F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, it is argued that comics has no characteristic set of physical media. However, it is proposed that we construe “media” more broadly in this case, to encompass not only the tools and substances with which creators work, but also the basic constituent elements from which they compose their works. For comics, media typically include pictures, a panel sequence, and (most of the time) words. These produce medium-specific tendencies, which is explained by making the case against strong medium specificity and for a more moderate alternative, on which the media out of which a work is created affect its capacities for representation and expression (as well as being evaluatively significant). It is concluded that the combination of pictures, the panel sequence, and (optionally) words explains the effectiveness of comics when used for education and instruction, as well as in graphic medicine.
Creating an Optimal School Environment
Authors: Key Aidan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 10 covers the foundational elements needed to optimize school environments for the long term. The fundamentals set forth in this chapter are not the result of a “best-guess” approach, but rather they are the articulation of successful steps already proven to facilitate gender-inclusive environments within schools across the country. This chapter points to standalone content that educators can use to guide them in the process. The emphasis in this chapter is on the crucial part that educators play in creating an inclusive environment within their school community, regardless of their specific role.
Other Areas of Gender Separation
Authors: Key Aidan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 14 explores some of the many ways that students are divided by gender in schools and encourages the reader to examine those divisions. What are our identified objectives and is a binary gender division the only way to accomplish them? The areas explored extend beyond the facilities discussions and delve into clubs, activities, testing, overnight trips, health and sex education, and other circumstances. A gender-diverse child is not just a child navigating life in a specific physical body but a child negotiating a social environment that is still largely unprepared for this child’s experience. The interplay between physical attributes and gender identities is examined in this chapter, not with an effort to create a gender-less environment but rather one that is gender-inclusive.
Sports
Authors: Key Aidan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 15 provides a window into the early efforts toward establishing and implementing a state-wide, gender inclusive policy for K–12 students and reports on the years-long successful inclusion of trans and nonbinary athletes. This chapter examines Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 in the United States and its applicability to gender identity differences. It highlights the journey of Washington State as it pioneered the path for K–12 trans student participation. An important standalone resource discussed in this chapter is the “Gender Diverse Inclusivity Youth Sports Toolkit” that guides schools and families.
Sports
Authors: Key Aidan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 16 builds on the content in the previous chapter by delving into many frequently asked questions articulated in the Gender-Diverse Inclusivity Youth Sports Toolkit, including topics about privacy, locker rooms, names and pronouns, and team engagement. Commonly asked questions exploring competition and possible “unfair physical advantage” and the gender-diverse or nonbinary athlete placement on gender binary divided teams are discussed as well. This chapter outlines best practices for all-gender inclusion in sports and offers practical examples of nuanced situations with an emphasis on optimizing inclusion and participation for all.
The Time of the Martyrs
Authors: Ployd Adam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the theme of history—both the past and the way we narrate that past—in relation to martyr rhetoric. Continuing the theme of exempla introduced in the previous chapter, it begins by comparing Augustine’s understanding of historical exempla with that of classical Roman historiography as represented by Livy and Sallust. Augustine rejects the narrative of decline from a Republican golden age by arguing that any time period is full of possibilities for virtuous struggle against spiritual evil. The chapter concludes with a look at Augustine’s use of the rhetorical trope of antithesis whereby opposites are juxtaposed for persuasive effect. Antithesis allows him to connect the ugliness of the martyrs’ suffering with the beauty of their virtue as part of God’s providential and salvific ordering of history.
The basic rules governing the work of the cerebral hemispheres
Authors: Yokoyama Olga T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nervous activity in general consists of two phenomena: excitation and inhibition. These are like two halves of a single nervous activity. I hope it won’t be a terrible offense to say, for explanatory purposes, that this is something like positive and negative electricity. The earliest mention of the existence of inhibition in the nervous system comes from the Weber brothers. It concerned the peripheral nervous system. An obligatory status of inhibition within the central nervous system was established in 1863, 24 years after peripheral inhibition was discovered by the Webers.
The cerebral process of stimuli differentiation
Authors: Yokoyama Olga T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The objective research on the higher nervous activity of animals, the theory of conditional reflexes, has arrived at a concept of two main mechanisms of the central nervous system, namely, the mechanism of temporary connection and the mechanism of the analyzer. This presentation will be about the physiology and functioning of the analyzer. To remind you, what we mean by analyzer is a nerve apparatus that consists of the following parts: a given peripheral end, like eye, ear, etc., its corresponding nerve, and the brain end of this nerve, that is, the group of cells in which this nerve ends. We focus on the very upper tip of this nerve, on that very end of it which is located in the cerebral hemispheres. This apparatus, reasonably enough, was named an analyzer because its function is to decompose the complex external world into its smallest possible elements. Our report today concerns the activity of this analyzer. The activity is being pursued in two directions: on the one hand, we explore the limits of analysis, and on the other, we study the mechanism of analysis. The presentation today is about the second topic, namely, the mechanism.
Conditions for the active and restful states of the cerebral hemispheres
Authors: Yokoyama Olga T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
I have entitled my talk “Conditions for the active and restful states of the cerebral hemispheres”. By the restful state I mean the somnolent state, as opposed to the state of alertness. The whole question is obviously enormous in scope, and all I have in mind here is to formulate it in general terms, to problematize it for science. What I will say will only be small fragments of this vast topic, which will eventually emerge in its full enormity ready to be fully worked on. In his classic work “The Reflexes of the Brain”, 50 years ago, Prof. I. M. Sechenov anticipated the gist of the main requirement implied by this topic with astounding intellectual acuity. In a perfect formulation, he said that what is required for the higher compartments of the cerebral hemispheres to be alert is a certain minimal sum of stimuli that reach the brain via the usual receptor surfaces of the animal’s body.
An analysis of certain complex reflexes in the dog
Authors: Yokoyama Olga T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many years ago I and my coworkers in the laboratory began to do a physiological, a strictly objective analysis of the higher nervous activity of the dog. One of our goals in doing so was to establish and systematize the simplest and most basic activities of the nervous system with which the animal is born and on top of which in the course of its later individual life more complex activities are attached and layered by means of special processes. The inborn basic nervous activities constitute permanent regular reactions of the organism to given external or internal stimulations. These reactions are called reflexes or instincts. Most physiologists don’t see any essential difference between what is called a reflex and what is called an instinct, and generally prefer the term “reflex”, since the idea of determinism comes through in it more distinctly, the relationship between the stimulus and the response, cause and effect is more unequivocal. I, too, will rather use the term “reflex”, while leaving to those who wish to substitute the word “instinct” for it.
The normal activity and general constitution of the cerebral hemispheres
Authors: Yokoyama Olga T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of the so-called animal hypnosis (Kircher’s experimentum mirabile) consists of the following: acting energetically, suppressing all resistance, the animal is put in some unnatural position (flat on the back) and is kept in this position for some period of time, generally not very long. After this, even if you completely remove your hands, the animal continues to lie motionless for tens of minutes and even for hours. Different authors, noting this or that detail of the phenomenon, suggested accordingly different explanations for this experiment. At present, thanks to the systematic research on the normal activity of the cerebrum, I’m in a position to explain the biological meaning of the phenomenon, and to precisely and fully clarify its physiological mechanism, thus unifying all the separate data offered by these authors.
The reply of a physiologist to psychologists
Authors: Yokoyama Olga T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It was before our eyes that the physiology of the higher nervous activity was born. This happened when the physiologist, using the objective method of conditional reflexes, began to systematically study the normal activity of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres and the adjacent subcortex—the specialized apparatus dealing with relations of the entire organism and the surrounding environment—while establishing the basic rules of this activity. In other words, he began to follow the same principle as that used for studying the digestive apparatus, blood circulation, and so on.