bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an energy spread analyzer for secondary ion mass spectrometry ion source
Authors: Zhou Y. , Zhai Y. J. , Jin Q. Y. , Liu Y. G. , Li L. B. , Zhang P. , Zhang S. , Zhao H. W. , Sun L. T. 
Published: April 2023

The energy spread (ΔE) of an ion source is an important parameter in the production of a finely focused primary ion beam applied in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). A variable-focusing retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) has been developed and tested with an Ar+ beam and an oxygen ion beam extracted from a 2.45 GHz microwave ion source, which is developed as a candidate ion source for SIMS applications. The simulation results show that the relative resolution ΔE/E of the designed RFEA reaches 7 × 10−5. The experimental results indicate that a focusing electrode can improve the ΔE measurement results, which is consistent with the simulation results. The ion energy distributions of the Ar+ beam and oxygen ion beam are of Gaussian distribution with the value of ΔE of 3.3 and 2.9 eV, respectively. These results indicate that the designed RFEA is reliable for measuring the ion beam energy spread. The developed RFEA is also used to study the plasma behavior in different settings, which reveals that plasma stability is critical to making a low energy spread ion beam. This paper will present the simulation, design, and test of the variable-focusing RFEA. Preliminary ion beam quality studies with this instrument will also be discussed.
Structural basis of calmodulin modulation of the rod cyclic nucleotide-gated channel
Authors: Barret Diane C. A. , Schuster Dina , Rodrigues Matthew J. , Leitner Alexander , Picotti Paola , Schertler Gebhard F. X. , Kaupp U. Benjamin , Korkhov Volodymyr M. , Marino Jacopo 
Published: April 2023

Calmodulin (CaM) regulates many ion channels to control calcium entry into cells, and mutations that alter this interaction are linked to fatal diseases. The structural basis of CaM regulation remains largely unexplored. In retinal photoreceptors, CaM binds to the CNGB subunit of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels and, thereby, adjusts the channel’s Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) sensitivity in response to changes in ambient light conditions. Here, we provide the structural characterization for CaM regulation of a CNG channel by using a combination of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and structural proteomics. CaM connects the CNGA and CNGB subunits, resulting in structural changes both in the cytosolic and transmembrane regions of the channel. Cross-linking and limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry mapped the conformational changes induced by CaM in vitro and in the native membrane. We propose that CaM is a constitutive subunit of the rod channel to ensure high sensitivity in dim light. Our mass spectrometry-based approach is generally relevant for studying the effect of CaM on ion channels in tissues of medical interest, where only minute quantities are available.
Nonadiabatic tunneling ionization of atoms in few-cycle elliptically polarized laser pulses
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Xie Wenhai , Li Min , Cao Chuanpeng , Zhou Yueming , Lu Peixiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We theoretically investigate nonadiabatic effects in tunneling ionization of a hydrogen atom induced by a few-cycle elliptically polarized laser pulse. We find a deflection angle between the maximum of the photoelectron momentum distribution and the direction of the negative vector potential corresponding to the electric-field peak. This deflection angle mainly originates from the fact that the instant of the maximal ionization rate does not exactly correspond to the instant of the electric-field peak in the few-cycle elliptically polarized laser pulse, revealing an ionization time shift between those two instants. The ionization time shift is a result of the nonadiabatic effect induced by the envelope of the few-cycle elliptically polarized laser pulse, which disappears in a long-pulsed laser. Our study is useful for understanding attoclock experiments using few-cycle elliptically polarized laser pulses.
Experimental comparison of relative stopping power evaluation between proton CT and x-ray CT for pre-clinical proton irradiation studies of small animals
Authors: Terakawa Atsuki , Hosokawa Hibiki , Nogami Mitsuhiro , Hitomi Keitaro , Ishii Keizo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Proton therapy experiments in small animals are useful not only for pre-clinical and translational studies, but also for the development of advanced technologies for high-precision proton therapy. While treatment planning for proton therapy is currently based on the stopping power of protons relative to water (i.e. the relative stopping power (RSP)), estimated by converting the CT number into RSP (Hounsfield unit (HU)-RSP conversion) in reconstructed x-ray computed tomography (XCT) images, the HU-RSP conversion causes uncertainties in RSP, which affect the accuracy of dose simulation in patients. Proton computed tomography (pCT) has attracted a great deal of attention due to its potential to reduce RSP uncertainties in clinical treatment planning. However, as the proton energies for irradiating small animals are much lower than those used clinically, the energy dependence of RSP may negatively affect pCT-based RSP evaluation. Here, we explored whether the low-energy pCT approach provided more accurate RSPs when planning proton therapy treatment for small animals. Approach. We evaluated the RSPs of 10 water- and tissue-equivalent materials with known constituent elements based on pCT measurements conducted at 73.6 MeV, then compared them with XCT-based and calculated RSPs to investigate energy dependence and achieve more accurate RSPs for treatment planning in small animals. Main results. Despite the low proton energy, the pCT approach for RSP evaluation yields a smaller root mean square deviation (1.9%) of RSP from the theoretical prediction, compared to conventional HU-RSP conversion with XCT (6.1%). Significance. Low-energy pCT is expected to improve the accuracy of proton therapy treatment planning in pre-clinical studies of small animals if the RSP variation that can be attributed to energy dependence is identical to the variation in the clinical proton energy region.
A novel inchworm piezoelectric actuator using two-stage amplification mechanism with high speed: design, modeling, and experimental evaluation
Authors: Yu Simiao , Liang JiaYu , Yang Fan , Wang Haitao , Liu Xianglong , Xu Chao , Wang Zhen , Xu Dongmei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The inchworm piezoelectric actuator has a wide application prospect in the field of precision instruments. However, in view of the complex structure of the existing inchworm piezoelectric actuator and the far distance between the driving feet of the actuator, it is difficult to realize alternate driving and the high output speed of the driving feet, etc. In this paper, an inchworm piezoelectric linear actuator based on two-stage amplification mechanism is designed, which amplifies the output displacement of the driving feet by two-stage amplification mechanism, and improves the driving efficiency of the actuator stator by the way of alternating driving. We present an inchworm piezoelectric actuator with three piezoelectric stacks and a two-stage amplification mechanism, which is simple in structure design, compact in actuator structure and easy to realize alternate driving. The kinematics and dynamics models of the inchworm piezoelectric actuator are established by analyzing the flexible hinge and its structure with the pseudo-rigid body method. The length of the lever structure and the angle of the triangular structure of the piezoelectric actuator are solved by kinematics, and the natural frequency of the whole structure is calculated by dynamics. Through finite element analysis, the simulation magnification ratio of the piezoelectric actuator is obtained, so as to evaluate and verify the theoretical calculation and further optimize the structure. The experimental results show that the inchworm piezoelectric linear actuator using two-stage amplification mechanism has a high driving speed of 5.53 mm s−1 under voltage of 135 V and frequency of 70 Hz.
Enhancing output performance of wearable triboelectric nanogenerators by manipulating the permittivity of BaTiO3-base/PVA composite films
Authors: Zhang Ping , Li Zhihao , Zhang Honghao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely used in wearable devices for their low cost, portable and self-powered properties. However, the positive triboelectric materials of TENG are still facing problems of low output performance, poor environmental friendliness, and a complicated manufacturing process. We proposed a wearable BP-TENG using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) doped BaTiO3-base ceramic powder (BTO-base) with high permittivity. It is worth mentioning that PVA has strong electron-losing ability, and it also has the advantages of low cost, good biocompatibility, environmental protection, and a simple preparation process, which make it an ideal choice as a wearable TENG positive triboelectric material. Different mass ratios of BTO-base are doped into the PVA film, and its doping enhances the charge trapping and storage capacity of the composite film. The maximum output performance is obtained at a doping mass ratio of 8% and a thickness of 70.68 μm, with an open-circuit voltage of 72 V and a short-circuit current of 2.5 μA, which are 80% and 78.6% higher than those of pure PVA film, respectively. In addition, the BP-TENG can be connected to a capacitor through a rectifier circuit to form an energy storage system that can power small electronic devices such as calculators and LCDs. At the same time, BP-TENG can be worn on different parts of the body to sense human motion signals, demonstrating its application potential in the field of wearable electronics.
Results from single event effect tests with MIMOSIS-1
Authors: Arnoldi-Meadows B. , Andary J. , Artz O. , Baudot J. , Bertolone G. , Besson A. , Bialas N. , Bugiel R. , Claus G. , Colledani C. , Darwish H. , Deveaux M. , Dorokhov A. , Dozière G. , El Bitar Z. , Fröhlich I. , Goffe M. , Hebermehl F. , Himmi A. , Hu-Guo C. , Jaaskelainen K. , Keller O. , Koziel M. , Matejcek F. , Michel J. , Morel F. , Müntz C. , Pham H. , Schmidt C. J. , Schreiber S. , Specht M. , Spicker D. , Stroth J. , Valin I. , Voss K.-O. , Weirich R. , Zhao Y. , Winter M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Being installed as close as 5.5 mm to the beam axis, the Micro Vertex Detector (mvd) of the cbm experiment will be exposed to a sizable flow of heavy beam ions and nuclear fragments. The cmos Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor for the mvd, mimosis, must resist the related heavy ion impacts without permanent damage or frequent interrupt of operation as caused by single event effects (see). We motivate the requirements on the sensor and introduce our concept for protecting the device against sees. Moreover, we report the results of a related test campaign carried out with the first full size sensor prototype, mimosis-1, and different heavy ion beams at gsi.
Scintillation light detection performance for the DUNE ND-LAr 2 × 2 modules
Authors: Gauch A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be using a liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr TPC) with optically separated modules in the Near Detector (ND) complex. A prototype experiment, DUNE ND-LAr 2 × 2, is composed of four test modules. They detect ionization charge through a pixel-based readout and scintillation light through fibers in light collection modules and light traps called ArCLights. The light detection performance for two modules of DUNE ND-LAr 2 × 2 that took cosmic ray data at the University of Bern is shown. We present further the role of the 2 × 2 prototype in DUNE and how it is used to demonstrate the reconstruction capabilities of its light detectors in terms of energy thresholds and timing resolution.
Cooling effects of increased green fodder area on native grassland in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Wenqi , Zhou Yuting , Dong Jinwei , Zhang Geli , Yang Tong , You Nanshan , Flynn K Colton , Wagle Pradeep , Yang Haoxuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With increasing livestock production due to high demand for consumption, the planted area of green fodder, an essential livestock supplement, has grown rapidly and will continue to grow in China. However, the climate feedback of this rapid land cover conversion is still unclear. Using multisource data (e.g. remote sensing observation and meteorological data), we compared the land surface temperature of green fodder plantation areas and native grassland in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The green fodder area was detected to be cooler than the native grassland by −0.54 ± 0.98 °C in the daytime throughout the growing season. The highest magnitude (−1.20 ± 1.68 °C) of cooling was observed in August. A nonradiative process, indicated by the energy redistribution factor, dominated the cooling effects compared to the radiative process altered by albedo variation. The results indicate the potential cooling effects of increasing green fodder area on native grassland, highlighting the necessity of investigating climate feedback from anthropogenic land use change, including green fodder expansion.
Contribution of the deepened Amundsen sea low to the record low Antarctic sea ice extent in February 2022
Authors: Wang Shaoyin , Liu Jiping , Cheng Xiao , Yang Dongxia , Kerzenmacher Tobias , Li Xinqing , Hu Yongyun , Braesicke Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The annual minimum Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) in February 2022 hits a record low in the satellite era, with less than 2 million square kilometres observed on 25 February 2022, contrasting with the slightly positive trend in the Antarctic SIE prior to 2014. However, the preceding Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) in austral spring 2021 was the deepest since 1950. According to a linear regression model, the very low ASL contributed about 60% to the record low SIE in 2022. This study further investigates the underlying mechanism. The investigation of the lagged impact of the ASL on Antarctic SIE is based on observational data and state-of-the-art simulations. We found that (a) the deepened ASL associated with strengthened southerly winds accelerates the sea ice export away from the western Antarctic continent in spring, leading to the expansion of coastal polynyas (open water areas); (b) through the positive ice-ocean albedo feedback, the lack of the sea ice off the coastline enhances solar heating in the upper ocean and further sea ice melting in summer can occur. Specifically, in spring 2021, the deepest ASL is accompanied by a large sea-ice area flux of about 17.6 × 103 km2 across 70° S over the Ross Sea in October and November, contributing to a significant increase in net surface radiation of 20–30 W m−2 and upper ocean warming of about 0.5 K in summer. Therefore, the deepened ASL in spring 2021 plays a crucial role for the record low Antarctic SIE in February 2022. In addition, it is found that both the La Niña conditions and the strong stratospheric polar vortex contributed significantly to the very strong ASL in 2021. Currently, nearly 2/3 of Earth system models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 have difficulties capturing the relationship between the ASL and the Antarctic SIE.
Open Science in Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: A Statement From the Behavioral Medicine Research Council
Authors: Segerstrom Suzanne C , Diefenbach Michael A , Hamilton Kyra , O’Connor Daryl B , Tomiyama A Janet ,   Behavioral Medicine Research Council, Bacon Simon L , Bennett Gary G , Brondolo Elizabeth , Czajkowski Susan M , Davidson Karina W , Epel Elissa S , Revenson Tracey A , Ruiz John M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Open Science practices include some combination of registering and publishing study protocols (including hypotheses, primary and secondary outcome variables, and analysis plans) and making available preprints of manuscripts, study materials, de-identified data sets, and analytic codes. This statement from the Behavioral Medicine Research Council (BMRC) provides an overview of these methods, including preregistration; registered reports; preprints; and open research. We focus on rationales for engaging in Open Science and how to address shortcomings and possible objections. Additional resources for researchers are provided. Research on Open Science largely supports positive consequences for the reproducibility and reliability of empirical science. There is no solution that will encompass all Open Science needs in health psychology and behavioral medicine’s diverse research products and outlets, but the BMRC supports increased use of Open Science practices where possible.
Applied Linguistics Communities of Practice: Improving the Research Practice Relationship
Authors: Becker Anna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Employing the concept of practice-based research (Sato and Loewen 2022), this study argues for the creation of applied linguistics communities of practice (CoPs) as a capacitating space for researchers and practitioners, mutual exchange, and meaningful collaboration. This is needed given the existing gap between research and practice, which is particularly alarming in the field of applied linguistics. The study draws on eight in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with practice-oriented researchers from multiple country contexts zooming in on their identity negotiation between practitioner and researcher as well as their perceptions of and lived experiences with the research-practice relationship. The analysis showed that the relationship is indeed perceived as problematic even by very committed, practice-oriented researchers and that conditions to conduct meaningful, ethically responsible, and sustainable practice-based research need to be improved. The study proposes a practice-based research cycle to be used as template for joint projects, in which both practitioners and researchers are involved in and responsible for all stages from conception to implementation while capitalizing on the CoP members’ different strengths and mutual learning experiences.
Widespread genomic influences on phenotype in Dravet syndrome, a ‘monogenic’ condition
Authors: Martins Custodio Helena , Clayton Lisa M , Bellampalli Ravishankara , Pagni Susanna , Silvennoinen Katri , Caswell Richard ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Ambrose John C , Arumugam Prabhu , Bevers Roel , Bleda Marta , Boardman-Pretty Freya , Boustred Christopher R , Brittain Helen , Brown Matthew A , Caulfield Mark J , Chan Georgia C , Giess Adam , Griffin John N , Hamblin Angela , Henderson Shirley , Hubbard Tim J P , Jackson Rob , Jones Louise J , Kasperaviciute Dalia , Kayikci Melis , Kousathanas Athanasios , Lahnstein Lea , Lakey Anna , Leigh Sarah E A , Leong Ivonne U S , Lopez Javier F , Maleady-Crowe Fiona , McEntagart Meriel , Minneci Federico , Mitchell Jonathan , Moutsianas Loukas , Mueller Michael , Murugaesu Nirupa , Need Anna C , O'Donovan Peter , Odhams Chris A , Patch Christine , Perez-Gil Daniel , Pereira Marina B , Pullinger John , Rahim Tahrima , Rendon Augusto , Rogers Tim , Savage Kevin , Sawant Kushmita , Scott Richard H , Siddiq Afshan , Sieghart Alexander , Smith Samuel C , Sosinsky Alona , Stuckey Alexander , Tanguy Mélanie , Tavares Ana Lisa Taylor , Thomas Ellen R A , Thompson Simon R , Tucci Arianna , Welland Matthew J , Williams Eleanor , Witkowska Katarzyna , Wood Suzanne M , Zarowiecki Magdalena , Brunklaus Andreas , Guerrini Renzo , Koeleman Bobby P C , Lemke Johannes R , Møller Rikke S , Scheffer Ingrid E , Weckhuysen Sarah , Zara Federico , Zuberi Sameer , Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Balestrini Simona , Mills James D , Sisodiya Sanjay M 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDravet syndrome is an archetypal rare severe epilepsy, considered ‘monogenic’, typically caused by loss-of-function SCN1A variants. Despite a recognizable core phenotype, its marked phenotypic heterogeneity is incompletely explained by differences in the causal SCN1A variant or clinical factors.In 34 adults with SCN1A-related Dravet syndrome, we show additional genomic variation beyond SCN1A contributes to phenotype and its diversity, with an excess of rare variants in epilepsy-related genes as a set and examples of blended phenotypes, including one individual with an ultra-rare DEPDC5 variant and focal cortical dysplasia. The polygenic risk score for intelligence was lower, and for longevity, higher, in Dravet syndrome than in epilepsy controls. The causal, major-effect, SCN1A variant may need to act against a broadly compromised genomic background to generate the full Dravet syndrome phenotype, whilst genomic resilience may help to ameliorate the risk of premature mortality in adult Dravet syndrome survivors.
POP1 promotes the progression of breast cancer through maintaining telomere integrity
Authors: Zhu Min , Wu Chao , Wu Xuan , Song Ge , Li Mingyang , Wang Qiong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common and disastrous neoplasm for women worldwide, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Emerging evidences have demonstrated that RNase subunits are closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. However, the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of Processing of Precursor 1 (POP1), a core component of RNase subunits, in breast cancer development have not been fully defined. Our study identified the POP1was upregulated in breast cancer cell lines and tissues and patients with higher POP1 expression were associated with poor outcomes. Overexpression of POP1 promoted cell progression in breast cancer cells, whereas silencing of POP1 induced cell cycle arrest. Moreover, Xenograft model reproduced its growth regulatory roles in breast cancer in vivo. Mechanistically, POP1 interacted and activated the telomerase complex by stabilizing the telomerase RNA component (TERC), thus protecting telomeres from shortening during division. Collectively, our findings demonstrate POP1 may as a novel prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for the management of breast cancer.
Understanding and Improving Consumer Reactions to Service Bots
Authors: Castelo Noah , Boegershausen Johannes , Hildebrand Christian , Henkel Alexander P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Many firms are beginning to replace customer service employees with bots, from humanoid service robots to digital chatbots. Using real human–bot interactions in lab and field settings, we study consumers’ evaluations of bot-provided service. We find that service evaluations are more negative when the service provider is a bot versus a human—even when the provided service is identical. This effect is explained by consumers’ belief that service automation is motivated by firm benefits (i.e., cutting costs) at the expense of customer benefits (such as service quality). The effect is eliminated when firms share the economic surplus derived from automation with consumers through price discounts. The effect is reversed when service bots provide unambiguously superior service to human employees—a scenario that may soon become reality. Consumers’ default reactions to service bots are therefore largely negative but can be equal to or better than reactions to human service providers if firms can demonstrate how automation benefits consumers.