bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Activity/Stability Tradeoffs in CO Oxidation Catalysis by Pt/CeO2
Authors: Serna Pedro , Bohigues Benjamin , Rojas-Buzo Sergio , Salusso Davide , Xia Yu , Corma Avelino , Bordiga Silvia , Boronat Mercedes , Willhammar Tom , Moliner Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The use of redox active metal oxides to support noble metals is critical in the design of highly-active CO oxidation catalysts for gas emissions control. Unfortunately, supports promoting the activity, such as CeO2, tend also to promote acute catalyst deactivation by turning highly-active metallic Pt clusters into less-active PtOx species, under practical reaction conditions (high-temperature and/or the excess of O2). This leads to a problematic activity/stability tradeoff where Pt/CeO2 catalysts, highly-active, and Pt on non-reducible supports, highly stable, are bookends.
Herein, we report a method to trap Pt at V-shaped pockets/stepped sites of CeO2 that break this undesired correlation by showing both high activity and stability in the CO oxidation reaction. O2-aged catalysts are ~3-times more active than state-of-the-art Pt/CeO2 catalysts under steady reaction conditions, and ~40-times more active than best Pt@zeolite catalysts. XAS, CO-DRIFT, XPS, HAADF-STEM, and DFT are used to infer that the generation of low order metallic Pt clusters connected to two crystallographic planes of the support is key to inhibit (deactivating) re-oxidation paths of the metal, as a result of the high-energy required to form disordered/distorted PtOx ensembles at these positions. This new material allows, thus, to operate outside the commonly observed, limiting, activity/stability tradeoff.
Reconfigurable azobenzene liquid crystal elastomers programming towards differentiated biomimetic actuations
Authors: Han Li , Liu Ting , Yang Jiaxin , Jiang Jie , Yin Lu , Bai Hongyuan , Ma Hongwei , Guo Tenglong , zhao yue , Li Yang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

High value-added azobenzene liquid crystal elastomers (AZO-LCEs) derived from styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) are herein developed. The glassy polystyrene (PS) domains in SBS that spontaneously separate from LCEs can provide the self-supporting template during actuation and lock in the LC orientation, enabling reprogrammable, reshapable and recyclable AZO-LCE actuators. The decoupling effect between the oriented LC and the continuous polybutadiene (PB) phase in SBS leads to the arrangement of side-chain mesogens perpendicular to the main chain, and the simultaneous synergistic effect between them enables AZO-LCE actuators to exhibit differentiated auxetic behaviours as the temperature transition from LC to isotropic phase (TLC-I) varies. To achieve a large actuation strain, the bilayer “Janus” actuators with orthogonal LC actuation forces are designed to be driven synergistically by the angular forces of the cutting angles, enabling the bionic applications (like peasecod morphology and the flower blooming) with superior designability. Under the prestored stresses inside the aforementioned “Janus” actuators, the bionic athletes can perform vivid activities. By assembling right- and left-handed actuators sensitive to TLC-I, they exhibit selective and differentiated actions. Upon programming the microscopic and macroscopic behaviours, these easily implementable AZO-LCE actuators provide valuable insights for further development of soft robots.
Cluster trials inference with CARE
Authors: Alexeev Sergey , Morton Rachael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We show that public health cluster-randomised trials (CRTs) feature highly heterogeneous clusters — an underreported issue exacerbated by pragmatic design approaches. This heterogeneity is neglected in simulations and unacknowledged in practice, compromising the reliability of statistical inferences. Through simulations — both fully artificial and placebo regressions using real trial data — we demonstrate that, alarmingly, in the settings commonly used, up to 62% of CRTs report false-positive findings and that small-sample corrections deemed appropriate in the trial literature are not improving the quality of inference. To address this, we introduce the CARE (Clarify, Apply, Refine, Evaluate) protocol, which leverages partial identification principles to provide reliable statistical conclusions and a structured, assumption-aware framework for safe data exploration. The protocol preserves the convenience of pragmatic trial designs while ensuring their statistical validity and also maximises the scientific value of often costly trials by integrating robust, frequentist, and efficient (Bayesian) methods.
Role of Pediatric Nephrologist in Williams Syndrome: care from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Moroni Arianna , Rios Hector , Larramendi Carmen , Lasa Amaia , Valenzuela Irene , Roses Ferran , Dolader Paola , Iraola Maria Gema Ariceta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Williams syndrome is a relatively rare genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a segment of DNA on chromosome 7q11.23, which encodes the protein elastin. It is characterized by a distinctive clinical phenotype, with key features including cardiovascular abnormalities, facial features and intellectual disability, along with associated endocrine, urological and gastrointestinal manifestations. This retrospective observational study evaluates 68 individuals (15 children and 53 adults) diagnosed with Williams syndrome who are under follow-up at our center. The objectives of this study are to analyze the clinical manifestations, examine the natural history of the disease with potential differences between pediatric and adult presentations, and underscore the role of pediatric nephrology in the multidisciplinary management of these patients.
Renal involvement was assessed based on the presence or absence of arterial hypertension, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, nephrocardiosis, urinary tract abnormalities, glomerular renal function, and symptoms such as enuresis. The rates of kidney involvement were generally similar between the two age groups in our sample, with the exception of hypertension, which affected nearly half of the children but only about 20% of adults. This study emphasizes the importance of including pediatric nephrologists as key members of the multidisciplinary team managing patients with Williams syndrome.
Evaluating Machine Learning Algorithms for Enhanced Prediction of Student Academic Performance
Authors: Kumar Prince 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks in forecasting student academic outcomes based on academic and demographic factors. The research utilizes a dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, encompassing student performance data from Portuguese secondary schools. The results indicate that neural networks and random forests achieved the highest accuracy rates of 87.4% and 85.6%, respectively, suggesting their potential for effective educational analytics and early intervention strategies. These findings underscore the importance of leveraging machine learning techniques to enhance educational outcomes through targeted support and resource allocation.
Technology-Based interventions to address internet addictive behaviors: systematic review
Authors: Mora Verónica Fernanda Peñafiel , Juca María Fernanda Granda , Gonzalez Luis Otto Parra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Internet addictive behaviors result from abnormal internet use, including neglecting responsibilities and experiencing anxiety when offline. This systematic review analyzes technology-based interventions addressing these behaviors, focusing on effectiveness and user interaction.
Methods
A literature search was conducted across three digital libraries and two high-impact journals, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published in Q1 or Q2 journals between January 2022 and June 2024. Studies evaluating digital addiction interventions and user interaction were included, while reviews, editorials, gray literature, and studies without clear intervention descriptions were excluded. The review covered randomized controlled trials, comparative studies, wearables, and mobile health apps. Five research questions were addressed using 17 evaluation criteria. Data extraction answered the sub-questions. The review followed Barbara Kitchenham's guidelines, applying a rigorous selection and quality assessment process. Primary inclusion was verified using the Kappa coefficient for inter-rater agreement, and article quality was evaluated with established criteria. The content adhered to PRISMA guidelines. In total, 11 articles were included.
Findings:
The review found variability in intervention effectiveness, with personalized, real-time feedback interventions having the greatest impact on reducing screen time and addiction symptoms. Less effective interventions lacked personalization.
Conclusions
The study highlighted the most commonly used technology-based interventions and their effectiveness in reducing symptoms and screen time, as well as improving user satisfaction and treatment adherence. Research gaps were identified, including the need for data on quality characteristics and software requirements for personalizing interventions using new technology.
Predicting Edema in Liver Cirrhosis Patients: Development and Validation of Multivariable Machine Learning Models
Authors: Mathew Helbi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose: Edema is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid within body tissues, commonly affecting the extremities, such as legs and arms. It is a common complication of liver cirrhosis, a disease characterized by fibrosis and impaired liver function. Although edema may not pose an immediate threat to life, managing it is essential for reducing patient discomfort, keeping track of cirrhosis progression, and avoiding further complications. This study aims to construct machine learning models to predict the likelihood of edema in liver cirrhosis patients.
Methods: This research uses data from a Mayo Clinic trial on primary biliary cirrhosis (1974-1984) with 424 patients. Eight classification algorithms—logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machine, random forests, neural networks, XGBoost, AdaBoost, and k-nearest neighbors—were evaluated for predicting the probability of edema. Correlations between the decisive attributes were also analyzed. Risk stratification was performed based on predicted probabilities from the top performing model.
Results: Random Forest with 10-fold cross validation, exhibited better performance(accuracy > 90%) in identifying potential edema (precision > 80%), whereas neural network and logistic regression showcased better sensitivity (> 81%).
Conclusion: Random forest model is the most suitable model to identify potential edema in cirrhosis patients. Such a system can help physicians to mitigate the risk of fluid imbalance early on.
Infliximab and Adalimumab Monitoring versus Clinical Control during Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: MUÑOZ-VILLAFRANCA MARIA DEL CARMEN , OCHOA OLGA MERINO , GÓMEZ TRINIDAD , HIGUERA REBECA , ARREBA PAZ , IBAÑEZ SYLVIA , NAGORE DANIEL , RUIZ BEGOÑA , GOROSTIZA IÑIGO , DE ZÁRATE JONE ORTIZ 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction & Aims
Although the serum levels of infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) are correlated with the clinical response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the optimal management strategy during maintenance therapy remains controversial. We performed a randomized trial to determine whether proactive monitoring drug in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is better than control clinical to keep clinical remission
Methods
We conducted a randomized, prospective, multicenter trial involving 209 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) who had been in clinical remission for at least 12 weeks. Patients were randomized into two groups: 104 in the TDM group and 105 in the clinical practice (CP) group. In the TDM group, the dosing and intervals of IFX and ADA were adjusted at each visit to maintain optimal serum concentrations (3–7 μg/mL for IFX and 5–8 μg/mL for ADA). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who remained in clinical remission at 12 months of follow-up. The secondary endpoints included the number of disease flares, duration of clinical remission, rate of hospital admissions related to IBD, and quality of life
Results
The primary endpoint of remission was achieved in 94 patients (90.3%) in the TDM group and 86 patients (81.9%) in the CP group, with a difference of 8.4%
between the groups (p = 0.079; 95% CI: –17.70.91). The mean duration of remission over the 12-month follow-up was significantly longer in the TDM group [48.04 ± 10.76 weeks] than in the CP group [45.69 ± 14.21 weeks] (p = 0.03). The number of disease flares was lower in the TDM group (15 flares) than inthe CP group (24 flares). At baseline, optimal IFX levels were present in 51 patients (48.5%), and optimal ADA levels were present in 36 patients (35.3%).
Conclusions
In this prospective randomized trial of patients with CD or UC in clinical remission receiving IFX or ADA, compared withstandard clinical management, proactive TDM did not significantly increase the overall remission rate at one year. However, patients in the TDM group remained in clinical remission for a significantly longer duration.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06666569
Role of novel mutations in food vacuole transporters beyond K13-mediated artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Junaid Iqbal Taliy , Panda Ashutosh , Deshmukh Arunaditya , Sardar Rahila , Narwal Monika , Agrawal Prakhar , Prakash Neha , Akhtar Asif , Dey Amit Kumar , Singh Suneet Shekhar , Mridha Saptarshi , Mochi Jigneshkumar , Parveen Sadaf , Kumar Mohit , Nagar Rashi , Gaur Naseem , Gupta Dinesh , Mohmmed Asif , Kaur Inderjeet , Karmodiya Krishanpal , Malhotra Pawan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly because of the emergence of drug resistance against current antimalarials. The Plasmodium falciparum food vacuole proteins PfCRT and PfMDR1 and the cytosolic protein PfKelch13 have been linked to chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin resistance, respectively. Here, we aimed to identify the associations of these resistance markers with mutations in other food vacuole transporters in several field isolates. In this study, we isolated intact P. falciparum food vacuoles (FVs) and carried out detailed proteome analysis to identify new food vacuole transporters. Furthermore, we carried out coexisting mutational analysis for these newly identified transporters with known PfKelch13 and PfCRT polymorphisms via SNP data from the Pf3K and MalariaGEN databases. Proteome analysis identified 16 transporter proteins in Plasmodium FVs. Comparative amino acid analysis of these transporter proteins revealed a coassociation of mutations in several newly identified FV transporters with mutations in the PfKelch13, PfCRT and PfMDR1 proteins. SNP data analysis of the Pf3K and MalariaGEN databases for 2517 samples revealed the coassociation of 6 mutations in four transporter genes, PfCRT, PfNT1, PfCTR2 and PfMDR2, with the PfKelch13 polymorphisms (p<0.0001), suggesting the contribution of additional parasite transporters to the evolution of CQ and artemisinin resistance. Furthermore, functional complementation with the wild-type PfNT1 and PfMFR5 proteins and their mutant forms (F394L_PfNT1, S278T_PfMFR5 and Y570F_PfMFR5) in S. cerevisiae resulted in resistance to mutant phenotypes in the presence of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), suggesting a possible role of these mutations in the acquisition of drug resistance. Together, the genome sequence data from field isolates and yeast complementation analysis of the mutant phenotypes identified novel loci related to PfKelch13-mediated antimalarial resistance and revealed unexplored contributions of transporters to artemisinin resistance as well as food vacuole dynamics.
Bacterial Profile of External Ocular Infections, Its Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Patients Attending Ophthalmology and Optometry Department at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama, Ethiopia
Authors: alelign fikir , yeshewaleul kaleb , solomon zekaryias , desta moges 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: External ocular infection(EOI) is a public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. EOIs frequently involve the conjunctiva, lid, and cornea of the eye. Bacteria are major causative agents that frequently cause infections in the eyes. Bacterial EOIs is influenced by the virulence of bacteria and by the host's decreased resistance caused by factors including poor personal cleanliness, weakened immune systems, prior eye damage.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of patients with EOIs and identify its associated factors at HUCSH.
Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2023 at HUCSH, Sidama Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data related to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. A total of 376 samples were collected and inoculated on Blood agar, Chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar. Presumptive isolates were further identified by a series of biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for all isolated bacteria according to the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute by disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed using (SPSS) version 25.0 and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with external ocular infections. P. value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significance.
Results: A total of 376 patients were enrolled. The overall prevalence of culture-confirmed bacterial external ocular infections was 50.5% (95% CI: 45.4%, 55.7%). Gram-positive bacteria were the most dominant isolate, accounting for 77.9% of cases. The most frequent pathogens isolated were S. aureus (31%) followed by CoNS (23.2%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that tobramycin (89.3%) and meropenem (94.1%) were the most effective antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Overall, 70% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Less frequent face washing, systemic disease, and a history of eye surgery were significantly associated with culture-confirmed external ocular infections (EOIs).
Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial pathogens among external ocular infection was high. Most of the isolates were drug-resistant for commonly used antibiotics. Thus treatment of eye infection in the study site should be guided by drug susceptibility testing of isolates.
PROPOSTA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE TÉCNICA SUSTENTÁVEL PARA MANEJO DE ÁGUAS PLUVIAIS URBANAS EM PONTO CRÍTICO DE ALAGAMENTO DO MUNICÍPIO DE JABOATÃO DOS GUARARAPES/PE
Authors: Pessoa Neto Amaury Gouveia , Silva Evele Mayara Barros da , Silva Luciana Cássia Lima da , Silva Simone Rosa da , Lafayette Kalinny Patrícia Vaz 
Published: January 2025

O presente estudo buscou identificar as classes de uso e ocupação do solo de uma área de adensamento urbano do município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE, bem como propor a implantação de jardins de chuva como técnica compensatória nessa região, a fim de mitigar a ocorrência de episódios de alagamentos. Para isso, foi delimitada uma bacia de contribuição como área de estudo, a partir de um ponto crítico de alagamento localizado na Estrada da Batalha, a qual foi submetida a uma análise visual fotointerpretativa, baseada em ortoimagens com escala de 1:1.000, que permitiu demonstrar que a áreas impermeabilizadas prevalecem no local, representando 73,43% da região em estudo. Foi considerada a instalação dos jardins de chuva no canteiro central da via e em parte de seu passeio, os quais foram dimensionados com larguras de 6,00 m e 7,50 m e comprimentos de 110,00 m e 70,00 m, respectivamente, sendo capazes de armazenar 245,10 m³ e 287,44 m³ das águas precipitadas. A partir dos resultados obtidos, destaca-se a eficiência dessa técnica compensatória na contribuição para mitigação de episódios de alagamento em ambientes urbanos.
Raíces históricas de cuerdas separadas de la agronomía y los marginados conocimientos originarios en las universidades de Cusco y Ayacucho
Authors: Calderón Mendoza Constantino 
Published: January 2025

This article explores the history of the agronomy faculties, created in the late 1950s at the Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC) and the Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga in Ayacucho (UNSCH), from a contextual perspective. These institutions are important as part of the policy of state control; for this reason, their foundation dates back to the early colonial period. By examining their historical origins, this study seeks to understand the absence of bilingual intercultural agronomic training in the curricular content in these two regions with a majority rural indigenous Quechua-speaking population. This article begins by referencing coloniality in higher education; then describes the context of the creation of the agronomy degree. It then specifies the history of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), followed by the Faculty of Agronomy of the Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga (UNSCH). From this analysis, it becomes evident that the state’s higher education policy has historically excluded the original knowledge of agriculture and its epistemic worldview in the training of agronomists. The original knowledge has been made invisible by centralist political discourses from Lima, which label it as backward, inferior, unscientific, among other things. However, paradoxically, at present, more than 70% of the national demand for food is produced with the original knowledge practiced by family farming. The article concludes with some preliminary conclusions leading to the understanding of the absence of bilingual intercultural training, which would logically be expected in these regions of high density of Andean peasant agriculture and Quechua speakers. The lack of inclusion of bilingual intercultural agronomic higher education is due to state policy defined in the national constitution, the congress of the republic and the executive government. We believe that behind it, there is something deeper of a historical nature: the form of naturalized colonial mindset.