bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo‐Curing 3D Printing of Thermosetting Sacrificial Tooling for Fabricating Fiber‐Reinforced Hollow Composites
Authors: Zhao Baoming , Hao Cheng , Chang Yu‐Chung , Cao Yiding , Liu Tuan , Fei Mingen , Shao Lin , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon fiber‐reinforced hollow composites play a vital role in lightweighting modern cars and aircrafts. Fabrication of such hollow composites with seamless internal finish requires sacrificial tooling that can be used under pressure and high temperature. For the very first time, high performance sacrificial tooling that can be used to fabricate fiber‐reinforced hollow composites is produced using photocuring 3D printing technology. This is achieved by developing UV‐curable resins containing highly soluble yet hydrolysable acetal acrylate cross‐linker and hydrophilic 4‐acryloylmorpholine monomer. It is found that the cross‐linker content greatly affects the printing speed. Further, the widely adopted UV post‐curing method is found to have negligible impact on improving the thermal‐mechanical properties of printed structures. After thermal post‐treatment, printed sacrificial tooling exhibits a heat deflection temperature of 112 °C at 0.455 MPa and an average coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 59 ppm °C−1 between 30 and 100 °C. As a result, printed tooling enables fabrication of carbon fiber‐reinforced hollow composites with complex geometry, which shows a tensile strength of 802 MPa and an elastic modulus of 50.2 GPa.
Preprogramming Floating Time of Liquid Marble
Authors: Barman Nishanta , Shome Arpita , Kumar Saurav , Mondal Priyam , Jain Karan , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Manna Uttam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNon‐sticking droplets wrapped with fine hydrophobic particles, namely liquid marbles, can be transported both on solid and water pool without an undesired spill of the inner encapsulated liquid. While the stimuli‐responsive release of the inner liquid in the target area is proposed, the time‐programmed release is not yet achieved. Herein, the hydrophobicity of nanoclay is modulated via a catalyst‐free 1,4‐conjugate addition reaction to form liquid marbles. This nanoclay liquid marble is robust and stable in air but collapses on the liquid pool with a specific lifetime. The lifetime of the liquid marble can be modulated over seconds to hours scale depending on the selection of chemically modulated wettability of the nanoclay. The critical mechanism of lifetime modulation is responsible for controlling the coalescence kinetics between the water pool and inner liquid by nanoclays’ high diffusion length and chemically varied water spreading potential. The NC liquid marble's programmable lifetime to ‘time‐bomb’ type drug release and cascade chemical reaction is applied—without requiring any external intervention.
Near‐ and Long‐Range Electronic Modulation of Single Metal Sites to Boost CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction
Authors: Hu Chenghong , Zhang Yue , Hu Anqian , Wang Yajing , Wei Xiaoming , Shen Kui , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTuning the electronic structure of the active center is effective to improve the intrinsic activity of single‐atom catalysts but the realization of precise regulation remains challenging. Herein, a strategy of “synergistically near‐ and long‐range regulation” is reported to effectively modulate the electronic structure of single‐atom sites. ZnN4 sites decorated with axial sulfur ligand in the first coordination and surrounded phosphorus atoms in the carbon matrix are successfully constructed in the hollow carbon supports (ZnN4S1/P‐HC). ZnN4S1/P‐HC exhibits excellent performance for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with a Faraday efficiency of CO close to 100%. The coupling of the CO2RR with thermodynamically favorable hydrazine oxidation reaction to replace oxygen evolution reaction in a two‐electrode electrolyzer can greatly lower the cell voltage by 0.92 V at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, theoretically saving 46% of energy consumption. Theoretical calculation reveals that the near‐range regulation with axial thiophene‐S ligand and long‐range regulation with neighboring P atoms can synergistically lead to the increase of electron localization around the Zn sites, which strengthens the adsorption of *COOH intermediate and therefore boosts the CO2RR.
Grazing cover crops in continuous corn production in east‐central Mississippi
Authors: Rushing J. Brett , Waddell Kenneth R. , Lyles Johnson C. , Lemus Rocky W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCover crop grazing can be used as a strategy to meet nutritional requirements for livestock while simultaneously enhancing soil ecosystem services without sacrificing subsequent crop yield. Field research was conducted in east‐central Mississippi from 2019 to 2021 on a sandy loam soil to assess the impacts that grazing, tillage, and cover crop species had on corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and soil characteristics. The main plot was grazed (G) and un‐grazed (UG) cover crops, tillage (conventional and no‐till [NT]) was the subplot, and cover crop species the sub‐subplots. Cover crops were grazed using beef (Bos taurus) heifers at a stocking density of approximately 3300 kg ha−1 each growing season as forage mass (FM) allowed. No differences were observed in FM among cover crop treatments; however, FM, crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were affected by tillage and grazing. Corn grain yield was unaffected by grazing or tillage but was impacted by cover crop treatment. Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.; 11.99 Mg ha−1), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.; 11.67 Mg ha−1), and cereal rye + radish (Raphanus sativus L.; 12.07 Mg ha−1) had greater grain yield compared to the un‐planted control (10.99 Mg ha−1). The combination of G × no‐till (NT) resulted in greater penetration resistance (71.07 J); however, G plots contributed to greater organic matter(OM) concentrations. Overall, our data suggest that complimenting G and NT practices does not impact subsequent corn grain yield and could add value to cover cropping systems.
Bacterial communities in the nasal passage of postviral olfactory dysfunction patients
Authors: Biswas Kristi , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Hollemann Elisabeth , Lorenz Korinna , Wagner Mackenzie Brett , Frank Daniel N. , Douglas Richard G. , Hummel Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Key points
Bacterial composition is uniform in the sinuses of postviral olfactory dysfunction patients.

Significant reduction of genus Corynebacterium in PVOD patients compared to controls.
Enzyme‐Free Fluorescent Detection of MicroRNA in Clinical Samples by Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Coupled with Magnetic Bead‐Confined 3D DNA Walking
Authors: Yu Jingyuan , Qi Lijuan , Zhao Songchen , Zhang Xiaojun , Shang Xudong , Hu Xintong , Chen Liguo , Wang Duo , Jiang Yanfang , Du Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCatalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), as an enzyme‐free isotheral nucleic acid amplification method, can easily cooperate with other amplification procedures to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of detection. Herein, we constructed a cascaded CHA sensing platform for breast cancer biomarker detection. Introducing a short double nucleic acid stand avoids the product of CHA1 to directly trigger the CHA2 reaction, which simplifies the design of the CHA hairpins. Compared with the single CHA2 reaction, the cascaded CHA biosensor activated by microRNA‐155 holds nearly 10 times the amplification efficiency with detection limit down to 47.4 pM and quantifies the target in the range from 50 pM to 200 nM. Besides, the magnetic bead‐confined CHA2 taking 3D DNA walking as the display form contributes to decreasing the environmental interference. As expected, the strategy sensitively distinguishes expression levels of microRNA‐155 in different cell lines and cancer patients, which are consistent with the results of traditional qRT‐PCR method. More importantly, simply adjusting the microRNA recognition sequence of CHA1 can extend the cascaded CHA platform to a wider detection range. Therefore, the robustness and efficiency of the approach enable the potential applications for detection of microRNA and early clinical disease diagnosis.
Effect of minimal neutralization at optimal conditions on minor components and oxidation stability of sunflower oil
Authors: Gumus Pinar , Decker Eric A. , Maskan Medeni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, oxidatively stable minimal neutralized sunflower seed oils were produced using three chemicals (Ca(OH)2, MgO, and Na2SiO3) under previously determined optimal process conditions. Lipid oxidation rates at these optimum conditions were compared to the oils neutralized with NaOH (0.20%, 40°C, 15 min). It was concluded that the oils neutralized by NaOH had the shortest hydroperoxide and hexanal lag phases, thus were the least stable oils. Oils neutralized by Ca(OH)2, MgO, and Na2SiO3 had lower FFA and higher oxidative stability than oil neutralized by NaOH. The study focused on which weak alkaline has higher oxidation stability and minimum FFA content and maximum acceptable tocopherol content. The oil neutralized by Ca(OH)2 had the lowest FFA value and highest total phenolics and α‐tocopherol contents and it had better oxidative stability than oil neutralized by NaOH. It suggests that Ca(OH)2 could be more effective in producing a high quality oil.
Amino‐Terephthalonitrile‐Based Single Benzene Fluorophores with Large Stokes Shifts and Solvatochromic Behavior
Authors: Raghava Tanya , Chattopadhyay Anjan , Bhavana Purushothaman , Banerjee Subhadeep 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have synthesized a small library of blue‐to‐green emissive single benzene‐based fluorophores (SBFs) in a short synthetic sequence. The molecules exhibit good Stokes shift in the range of 60–110 nm and select examples also possess very high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 87%. Theoretical investigations into the ground state and excited state geometries of many of these compounds reveal that good degree of planarization between the electron donor secondary amines and electron accepting benzodinitrile units can be achieved under certain solvatochromic conditions, giving rise to the strongly fluorescent behavior. On the other hand, the excited state geometry which lacks co‐planarity of the donor amine and the single benzene moiety can open up a non‐fluorescent channel. Additionally, in molecules with a dinitrobenzene acceptor, the perpendicular nitro moieties render the molecules completely non‐emissive.
Fast approximations of pseudo‐observations in the context of right censoring and interval censoring
Authors: Bouaziz Olivier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the context of right‐censored and interval‐censored data, we develop asymptotic formulas to compute pseudo‐observations for the survival function and the restricted mean survival time (RMST). These formulas are based on the original estimators and do not involve computation of the jackknife estimators. For right‐censored data, Von Mises expansions of the Kaplan–Meier estimator are used to derive the pseudo‐observations. For interval‐censored data, a general class of parametric models for the survival function is studied. An asymptotic representation of the pseudo‐observations is derived involving the Hessian matrix and the score vector. Theoretical results that justify the use of pseudo‐observations in regression are also derived. The formula is illustrated on the piecewise‐constant‐hazard model for the RMST. The proposed approximations are extremely accurate, even for small sample sizes, as illustrated by Monte Carlo simulations and real data. We also study the gain in terms of computation time, as compared to the original jackknife method, which can be substantial for a large dataset.
Survival in gastric and esophageal cancers in the Nordic countries through a half century
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Tichanek Filip , Försti Asta , Hemminki Otto , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC) are among the most fatal cancers and improving survival in them is a major clinical challenge. Nordic cancer data were recently released up to year 2019. These data are relevant for long‐term survival analysis as they originate from high‐quality national cancer registries from countries with practically free access to health care, thus documenting ‘real‐world’ experience for entire populations.Patients/MethodsData were obtained for Danish (DK), Finnish (FI), Norwegian (NO), and Swedish (SE) patients from the NORDCAN database from years 1970 through 2019. Relative 1‐ and 5‐year survival were analyzed, and additionally the difference between 1‐ and 5‐year survival was calculated as a measure of trends between years 1 and 5 after diagnosis.ResultsRelative 1‐year survival for Nordic men and women in GC was 30% in period 1970–74 and it increased close to 60%. Early 5‐year survival ranged between 10 and 15% and the last figures were over 30% for all women and NO men while survival for other men remain below 30%. Survival in EC was below that in GC, and it reached over 50% for 1‐year survival only for NO patients; 5‐year survival reached over 20% only for NO women. For both cancers, the difference between 1‐ and 5‐year survival increased with time. Survival was worst among old patients.ConclusionGC and EC survival improved over the 50‐year period but the increase in 5‐year survival was entirely explained by gains in 1‐year survival, which improved at an accelerated pace in EC. The likely reasons for improvements are changes in diagnosis, treatment, and care. The challenges are to push survival past year 1 with attention to old patients. These cancers have a potential for primary prevention through the avoidance of risk factors.
Point cloud synthesis with stochastic differential equations
Authors: Li Tingting , Wang Meili , Liu Xiaoxiao , Liang Hui , Chang Jian , Zhang Jian Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, we propose a point cloud synthesis method based on stochastic differential equations. We view the point cloud generation process as smoothly transforming from a known prior distribution toward the high‐likelihood shape by point‐level denoising. We introduce a conditional corrector sampler to improve the quality of point clouds. By leveraging Markov chain Monte Carlo sample, our method can synthesize realistic point clouds. We additionally prove that our approach can be trained in an auto‐encoding fashion and reconstruct the point cloud faithfully. Furthermore, our model can be extended on a downstream application of point cloud completion. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.
Influence of Bulk Volume Fraction on Shear‐Induced Diffusion Using the Multi‐Fluid Volume‐of‐Fluid Model
Authors: Govindavilasom Sivanandan Avinash , Mahalingam Arun , Surendran Anish 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShear‐induced migration is the diffusion of particles in a direction normal to the flow of suspension. The particles migrate towards the low‐shear stress region from the higher‐shear stress region. In the kinetic theory of granular flow, the driving potential for the migration of particles is the difference in granular temperature, defined as the kinetic energy of particle fluctuations. The effect of bulk volume fraction on the particle migration in a dense suspension flow through a rectangular microchannel is analyzed. The multiphase simulation was conducted using the multi‐fluid volume‐of‐fluid and granular temperature model. The results show a blunted velocity profile, reduced peak velocity, and an increase in variation of local volume fraction with an increase in bulk volume fraction.
The decisive role of adsorbed OH* in low‐potential CO electro‐oxidation on single‐atom catalytic sites
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Xian , Wang Ying , Shi Zhaoping , Yang Yuqi , Zhao Tuo , Jiang Zheng , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei , Ge Junjie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCO impurity‐induced catalyst deactivation has long been one of the biggest challenges in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells, with the poisoning phenomenon mainly attributed to the overly strong adsorption on the catalytic site. Here, we present a mechanistic study that overturns this understanding by using Rh‐based single‐atom catalysis centers as model catalysts. We precisely modulated the chelation structure of the Rh catalyst by coordinating Rh with C or N atoms, and probed the reaction mechanism by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Direct spectroscopic evidence for intermediates indicates that the reactivity of adsorbed OH*, rather than the adsorption strength of CO*, dictates the CO electrocatalytic oxidation behavior. The RhN4 sites, which adsorb the OH* intermediate more weakly than RhC4 sites, showed prominent CO oxidation activity that not only far exceeded the traditional Pt/C but also the RhC4 sites with similar CO adsorption strength. From this study, it is clear that a paradigm shift in future research should be considered to rationally design high‐performance CO electro‐oxidation reaction catalysts by sufficiently considering the water‐related reaction intermediate during catalysis.
Passivation engineering via silica‐encapsulated quantum dots for highly sensitive photodetection
Authors: Chun Ji Yun , Kim Byung Gi , Kim Jin Young , Jang Woongsik , Wang Dong Hwan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskites are promising semiconducting materials for photodetectors because of their favorable optoelectrical properties. Although nanoscale perovskite materials such as quantum dots (QDs) show novel behavior, they have intrinsic stability issues. In this study, an effectively silane barrier‐capped quantum dot (QD@APDEMS) is thinly applied onto a bulk perovskite photosensitive layer for use in photodetectors. QD@APDEMS is synthesized with a silane ligand with hydrophobic CH3‐terminal groups, resulting in excellent dispersibility and durability to enable effective coating. The introduction of the QD@APDEMS layer results in the formation of a low‐defect perovskite film with enlarged grains. This is attributed to the grain boundary interconnection effect via interaction between the functional groups of QD@APDEMS and uncoordinated Pb2+ in grain boundaries. By passivating the grain boundaries, where various trap sites are distributed, hole charge‐carrier injection and shunt leakage can be suppressed. Also, from the energy point of view, the deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of QD@APDEMS can work as a hole charge injection barrier. Improved charge dynamics (generation, transfer, and recombination properties) and reduced trap density of QD@APDEMS are demonstrated. When this perovskite film is used in a photodetector, the device performance (especially the detectivity) stands out among existing perovskites evaluated for energy sensing device applications.
Ryegrass cultivar performance in overseeded and conventional establishment
Authors: White Joshua A. , Lemus Rocky 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnnual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum; ARG) is often overseeded into bahiagrass (Paspulum notatum Fluegge) sod to provide early spring forage and extend the grazing season. Ryegrass cultivar selection for beef producers in the U.S. southeast is a major management decision, but most data available through state variety testing programs evaluate cultivar performance only from cultivated conventional seedbeds. Most producers do not consider the possible effect of ARG selection on total yield and nutritive value when overseeding into a sod compared to conventional management. Twenty ARG cultivars were planted into conventionally prepared seedbeds and overseeded into established bahiagrass plots. Forage dry matter, nutritive value, and bahiagrass suppression indexes were collected in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effects of ARG cultivar on these variables. Cultivar did not significantly affect dry matter, nutritive value, or bahiagrass suppression when overseeded. Seasonal yield of ARG decreased up to 55% in the overseeded plots and nutritive value generally decreased when compared to conventionally planted stands. Though ARG cultivars offered no apparent advantage or disadvantage to performance when overseeded, differences between planting methods were less apparent in later harvests. Considering the overseeding method involved little sod prep other than a no‐till drill, it was concluded that more intense sod preparation may have led to more dynamic results among ryegrass cultivars in the fall.
Evaluation of effects of temperature and humidity on the secondary structure of Ganirelix in an injectable formulation and comparison with Orgalutran® using circular dichroism spectroscopy
Authors: Ummiti Kumarswamy , Kumar J. V. Shanmukha , Prasad M. Muni , Subbappa Praveen Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGanirelix, a drug used in in vitro fertilization (IVF), prevents ovulation in women who are not ready to have children by inhibiting a gene that produces gonadotropin. Peptides are macromolecules that are able to preserve a predetermined shape while carrying out the structural and regulatory roles for which they were originally intended. Peptide structures can be altered in the production and storage processes. Therapeutic peptides' biological activity can be drastically altered by even small modifications in their primary and secondary structures. The molecules' secondary structures can be monitored by subjecting them to different processing or storage conditions. In our investigation, we used circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy with two different software programs for secondary structure evaluation to look at how environmental factors like temperature and humidity affected the secondary structure of Ganirelix in an injectable formulation. The CD results revealed that the alpha‐helical (regular and distorted), beta‐sheet, beta‐strands (regular and distorted), beta‐turn, and random coil structures of temperature and humidity stressed generic drug products are comparable to reference‐listed drug.