bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of magnetite-(apatite) systems by crystallizing ultrabasic iron-rich melts and slag separation
Authors: Tornos Fernando , Hanchar John M. , Steele-MacInnis Matthew , Crespo Elena , Kamenetsky Vadim S. , Casquet Cesar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMagnetite-(apatite) ore deposits are interpreted as being formed by the crystallization of iron-rich ultrabasic melts, dominantly generated by the interaction of silicate melts with oxidized P-F-SO4-bearing sedimentary rocks. This hypothesis is supported by geologic evidence, experimental studies, numerical modeling, stable and radiogenic isotope geochemistry, mineralogy, and melt- and mineral-inclusion data. Assimilation of crustal rocks during ascent promotes separation from a silicate magma of Fe-rich, Si-Al-poor melts with low solidus temperatures and viscosities, allowing coalescence, migration, and emplacement at deep to subaerial crustal environments. When the iron-rich melt attains neutral buoyancy, fractional crystallization leads to melt immiscibility similar to that observed in industrial blast furnaces, which promotes separation of massive magnetite ore overlain by different types of “slag” containing actinolite or diopside ± phosphates ± magnetite ± feldspar ± anhydrite ± scapolite, commonly enriched in high field strength elements. The mineralogy and morphology of this iron-depleted cap strongly depend on the depth of emplacement and composition of the iron-rich magma. Most of these systems exhibit high oxygen fugacity, which inhibits the precipitation of significant sulfide mineralization. The initially high fO2 of these systems also promotes the formation of low-Ti (< 1 wt%) magnetite: Ti acts as an incompatible component and is enriched in the iron-poor caps and in the hydrothermal aureole. High fluid-phase pressures produced during massive crystallization of magnetite from the melt further facilitate the exsolution of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids responsible for the formation of aureoles of alkali-calcic-iron alteration with hydrothermal replacement-style iron mineralization. On the whole, these systems are dramatically different from the magmatic-hydrothermal systems related to intermediate to felsic igneous rocks; they are more akin to carbonatite and other ultramafic rocks.
Neuro-augmented vision for evolutionary robotics
Authors: Watt Nathan , du Plessis Mathys C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents neuro-augmented vision for evolutionary robotics (NAVER), which aims to address the two biggest challenges in camera-equipped robot evolutionary controllers. The first challenge is that camera images typically require many inputs from the controller, which greatly increases the complexity of optimising the search space. The second challenge is that evolutionary controllers often cannot bridge the reality gap between simulation and the real world. This method utilises a variational autoencoder to compress the camera image into smaller input vectors that are easier to manage, while still retaining the relevant information of the original image. Automatic encoders are also used to remove unnecessary details from real-world images, in order to better align with images generated by simple visual simulators. NAVER is used to evolve the controller of a robot, which only uses camera inputs to navigate the maze based on visual cues and avoid collisions. The experimental results indicate that the controller evolved in simulation and transferred to the physical robot, where it successfully performed the same navigation task. The controller can navigate the maze using only visual information. The controller responds to visual cues and changes its behaviour accordingly. NAVER has shown great potential as it has successfully completed (so far) the most complex vision-based task controller in evolutionary robotics literature.
Discoid lateral meniscus instability in children: part II.: Repair first to minimise the saucerisation
Authors: Bauwens Paul Henri , Vandergugten Simon , Fiquet Charles , Raux Sébastien , Cance Nicolas , Chotel Franck 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeDespite an improved understanding of discoid lateral meniscus (DLM), the treatment of symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus remains controversial.MethodsThe aim of this retrospective, single‐centred, consecutive‐case study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of 60 DLM treated arthroscopically by the “meniscoplasty or saucerisation–suture” technique in children and adolescents [median (range) age 11 (4–17) years], and to investigate surgical failures. The instability was assessed before any saucerisation. The hypotheses were that: (i) the management of instability with suture first was effective and that (ii) a combined classification with clinical and MRI data had a prognostic value.ResultsIn 57 knees (95%), the DLM was unstable, and a suture fixation was performed. After a median follow‐up of 41.5 months, the median (range) IKDC score was improved from 55 (10–70) preoperatively to 90 (37.5–100) postoperatively. The median (range) Lysholm score at last follow‐up was 93.5 (45–100). The procedure was effective in 49 knees (81.6%) after a single procedure. Eleven patients had a failure with a new meniscal tear after a median (range) delay of 42 months (24–60) after the initial procedure. The patterns of discoid lateral meniscus instability were not found to have a prognostic value for surgical failure since they mainly occurred after sport‐related injuries. All the patients with initial repair failures but one achieved a good clinical outcome after revision repair without any further meniscectomy.ConclusionIn contrast to adult knees, symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus is rarely stable in children (5%). Meniscal repair is effective to preserve the meniscus tissue, but revision repair became necessary in 18% of the cases and was finally successful.Level of evidence Level III.
The ATFL inferior fascicle, the CFL and the PTFL have a continuous footprint at the medial side of the fibula
Authors: Nunes Gustavo Araujo , Martinez Laura Monica , Cordier Guillaume , Michels Frederick , Vega Jordi , Moreno Raquel Sanchez , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeKnowledge of the complex anatomy of the lateral ankle ligaments is essential to understand its function, pathophysiology and treatment options. This study aimed to assess the lateral ligaments and their relationships through a 3D view achieved by digitally marking their footprints.MethodsEleven fresh‐frozen ankle specimens were dissected. The calcaneus, talus and fibula were separated, maintaining the lateral ligament footprints. Subsequently, each bone was assessed by a light scanner machine. Finally, all the scans were converted to 3D polygonal models. The footprint areas of the talus, calcaneus and fibula were selected, analysed and the surface area was quantified in cm2.ResultsAfter scanning the bones, the anterior talofibular ligament inferior fascicle (ATFLif), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) footprints were continuous at the medial side of the fibula, corresponding to a continuous footprint with a mean area of 4.8 cm2 (± 0.7). The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) footprint on the talus consisted of 2 parts in 9 of the 11 feet, whilst there was a continuous insertion in the other 2 feet. The CFL insertion on the calcaneus was one single footprint in all cases.ConclusionThe tridimensional analysis of the lateral ligaments of the ankle demonstrates that the ATFLif, CFL and PTFL have a continuous footprint at the medial side of the fibula in all analysed specimens. These data can assist the surgeon in interpreting the ligament injuries, improving the imaging assessment and guiding the surgeon to repair and reconstruct the ligaments in an anatomical position.
Order statistics in large arrays (OSILA): a simple randomised algorithm for a fast and efficient attainment of the order statistics in very large arrays
Authors: Cerasa Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhen dealing with large-scale applications, the availability of simple and efficient algorithms is essential. We focus on the algorithm for calculating the order statistics, i.e. for selecting the kth smallest element of an array X. Many statistical procedures rely on this basic operation, that is usually solved by sorting all the elements and selecting the one in position k. If the dimension of the array to sort is quite large, this simple operation can become excessively time consuming. For this purpose, we propose an original randomised algorithm that reduces the dimension of the selection problem by focusing only on a small subset of elements that contains the solution. Despite its random nature, it always returns the target value. Empirical results shows that, for arrays of dimensions running from $$10^5$$

10
5

to $$10^8$$

10
8

, our procedure resulted to be remarkably (up to almost 10 times) faster than the naïve procedure, independently of the programming environment and of the sorting algorithm, and with a relative advantage that tends to growth with the dimension of the array.
Quick insights into whisky — investigating rapid and efficient methods for sensory evaluation and chemical analysis
Authors: Haug Helen , Grasskamp Andreas T. , Singh Satnam , Strube Andrea , Sauerwald Tilman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe evaluation of aroma properties of beverages, both analytically as well as with human sensory studies, is a challenging task and most often related to time- and cost-intensive analyses. Whisky is a spirit offering a wide variety of aroma impressions caused by a complex mixture of aroma active compounds. In the present study, methods for the efficient evaluation of aroma characteristics are evaluated for 16 whisky samples of different origins (Scotch and American). Rate all that apply (RATA) was applied as a rapid method for the sensory evaluation of whiskies. Sensory evaluation of the samples led to the determination of eight significant aroma attributes: caramel-/cream caramel-/toffee-like, vanilla-like, (canned) peach-like, phenolic, smoky, fruity, flowery and (fermented) apple-/cider-like. Chemical analysis was conducted by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in combination with an in-house data processing tool for semi-automated analyte detection. Through chemical analysis of the whisky samples and automated compound detection, we report over 200 mostly aroma-active volatiles. To test both approaches for their potential for sample classification, a simple classification problem (Scotch vs. American) was applied. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) indicates both that sensory evaluation by RATA (97.86%) and the applied analytical procedure (96.94%) are suitable for the distinction between the two whisky types. In both approaches, potential markers were determined for the classification. These investigations build a solid foundation for the implementation of a versatile platform facilitating rapid and efficient aroma evaluation in various foodstuffs and beverages.
Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy on Aspergillus fumigatus Biofilms in Vitro
Authors: Duan Zhimin , Tong Jianbo , Zheng Nana , Zeng Rong , Liu Yuzhen , Li Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAspergillus fumigatus biofilm development results in enhanced pathogenicity and treatment resistance. Most contemporary antibiotics, however, are unable to eliminate biofilms. In recent years, with the application of new photosensitizers and the development of treatment, ALA-PDT (5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic treatment) has achieved remarkable curative effect in the treatment of fungal infectious diseases; however, no research has been conducted on ALA-PDT against A. fumigatus. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of ALA-PDT at various 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations and light doses on A. fumigatus planktonic and biofilms in vitro. We found that ALA-PDT may successfully inhibit the development of A. fumigatus biofilm and disintegrate mature biofilm. After ALA-PDT treatment, the adherence rate and vitality dramatically decreased, and the biofilm’s structure was severely compromised. Our findings show for the first time that ALA-PDT may be used to prevent the formation of A. fumigatus biofilm and disturb the structure of mature biofilm, and that it could be employed as a therapeutic therapy for A. fumigatus superficial infection.
Unenhanced computed tomography radiomics help detect endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Hu Ge , Ding Ning , Wang Zhiwei , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the feasibility of unenhanced CT images for endoleak detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) after endovascular repair (EVAR).MethodsPatients who visited our hospital after EVAR from July 2014 to September 2021 were retrospectively collected. Two radiologists evaluated the presence or absence of endoleaks using the combination of contrast-enhanced and unenhanced CT as the referenced standard. After segmenting the aneurysm sac of the unenhanced CT, the radiomic features were automatically extracted from the region of interest. Histogram features of patients with and without endoleak were statistically analyzed to explore the differences between the two groups. Twelve common machine learning (ML) models based on radiomic features were constructed to evaluate the performance of endoleak detection with unenhanced CT images.ResultsThe study included 216 patients (69 ± 8 years; 191 men) with AAA, including 64 patients with endoleaks. A total of 1955 radiomic features of unenhanced CT were extracted. Compared with patients without endoleak, the aneurysm sac outside the stent of patients with endoleak had higher CT attenuation (41.7 vs. 33.6,p < 0.001) with smaller dispersion (51.5 vs. 58.8,p < 0.001). The average area under the curve (AUC) of the ML models constructed with unenhanced CT radiomics was 0.86 ± 0.05, the accuracy was 81% ± 4, the sensitivity was 88% ± 10, and the specificity was 78% ± 5. When fixing the sensitivity to > 90% (92% ± 2), the models retained specificity at 72% ± 10.ConclusionsUnenhanced CT features exhibit significant differences between patients with and without endoleak and can help detect endoleaks in AAA after EVAR with high sensitivity.Clinical relevance statementUnenhanced CT radiomics can help provide an alternative method of endoleak detection in patients who have adverse reactions to contrast media. This study further exploits the value of unenhanced CT examinations in the clinical management and surveillance of postoperative abdominal aortic aneurysm.Key Points•Unenhanced CT features of the aneurysm sac outside the stent exhibit significant differences between patients with and without endoleak. The endoleak group showed higher unenhanced CT attenuation (41.7 vs 33.6, p < .001) with smaller dispersion (51.5 vs 58.8, p < .001) than the nonendoleak group.•Unenhanced CT radiomics can help detect endoleaks after intervention. The average area under the curve (AUC) of twelve common machine learning models constructed with unenhanced CT radiomics was 0.86 ± 0.05, the average accuracy was 81% ± 4.•When fixing the sensitivity to > 90% (92% ± 2), the machine learning models retained average specificity at 72% ± 10.
Acute and long-term renal effects after iodine contrast media–enhanced computerised tomography in the critically ill—a retrospective bi-centre cohort study
Authors: Berglund Felix , Eilertz Ebba , Nimmersjö Fredrik , Wolf Adam , Nordlander Christopher , Palm Fredrik , Parenmark Fredric , Westerbergh Johan , Liss Per , Frithiof Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To determine if current clinical use of iodine contrast media (ICM) for computerised tomography (CT) increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and long-term decline in renal function in patients treated in intensive care.

Methods
A retrospective bi-centre cohort study was performed with critically ill subjects undergoing either ICM-enhanced or unenhanced CT. AKI was defined and staged based on the Kidney Disease Improve Global Outcome AKI criteria, using both creatinine and urine output criteria. Follow-up plasma creatinine was recorded three to six months after CT to assess any long-term effects of ICM on renal function.

Results
In total, 611 patients were included in the final analysis, median age was 65.0 years (48.0–73.0, quartile 1–quartile 3 (IQR)) and 62.5% were male. Renal replacement therapy was used post-CT in 12.9% and 180-day mortality was 31.2%. Plasma creatinine level on day of CT was 100.0 µmol/L (66.0–166.5, IQR) for non-ICM group and 77.0 µmol/L (59.0–109.0, IQR) for the ICM group. The adjusted odds ratio for developing AKI if the patient received ICM was 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.64–1.66, p = 0.90). No significant association between ICM and increase in plasma creatinine at long-term follow-up was found, with an adjusted effect size of 2.92 (95% confidence interval − 6.52–12.36, p = 0.543).

Conclusions
The results of this study do not indicate an increased risk of AKI or long-term decline in renal function when ICM is used for enhanced CT in patients treated at intensive care units.

Clinical relevance statement
Patients treated in intensive care units had no increased risk of acute kidney injury or persistent decline in renal function after contrast-enhanced CT. This information underlines the need for a proper risk-reward assessment before denying patients a contrast-enhanced CT.

Key Points
• Iodine contrast media is considered a risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury.
• Patients receiving iodine contrast media did not have an increased incidence of acute kidney injury or persistent decline in renal function.
• A more clearly defined risk of iodine contrast media helps guide clinical decisions whether to perform contrast-enhanced CTs or not.
Longitudinal analysis of new multiple sclerosis lesions with magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Gloor Monika , Andelova Michaela , Gaetano Laura , Papadopoulou Athina , Burguet Villena Federico , Sprenger Till , Radue Ernst-Wilhelm , Kappos Ludwig , Bieri Oliver , Garcia Meritxell 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The potential of magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for the detection and evolution of new multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions was analyzed.

Methods
Nineteen patients with MS obtained conventional MRI, MTI, and DTI examinations bimonthly for 12 months and again after 24 months at 1.5 T MRI. MTI was acquired with balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) in 10 min (1.3 mm3 isotropic resolution) yielding both magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) parameters (pool size ratio (F), exchange rate (kf), and relaxation times (T1/T2)). DTI provided fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD).

Results
At the time of their appearance on MRI, the 21 newly detected MS lesions showed significantly reduced MTR/F/kf and prolonged T1/T2 parameters, as well as significantly reduced FA and increased AD/MD/RD. Significant differences were already observed for MTR 4 months and for qMT parameters 2 months prior to lesions’ detection on MRI. DTI did not show any significant pre-lesional differences. Slightly reversed trends were observed for most lesions up to 8 months after their detection for qMT and less pronounced for MTR and three diffusion parameters, while appearing unchanged on MRI.

Conclusions
MTI provides more information than DTI in MS lesions and detects tissue changes 2 to 4 months prior to their appearance on MRI. After lesions’ detection, qMT parameter changes promise to be more sensitive than MTR for the lesions’ evolutional assessment. Overall, bSSFP-based MTI adumbrates to be more sensitive than MRI and DTI for the early detection and follow-up assessment of MS lesions.

Clinical relevance statement
When additionally acquired in routine MRI, fast bSSFP-based MTI can complement the MRI/DTI longitudinal lesion assessment by detecting MS lesions 2–4 months earlier than with MRI, which could implicate earlier clinical decisions and better follow-up/treatment assessment in MS patients.

Key Points
• Magnetization transfer imaging provides more information than DTI in multiple sclerosis lesions and can detect tissue changes 2 to 4 months prior to their appearance on MRI.
• After lesions’ detection, quantitative magnetization transfer changes are more pronounced than magnetization transfer ratio changes and therefore promise to be more sensitive for the lesions’ evolutional assessment.
• Balanced steady-state free precession–based magnetization transfer imaging is more sensitive than MRI and DTI for the early detection and follow-up assessment of multiple sclerosis lesions.
Localization of contrast-enhanced breast lesions in ultrafast screening MRI using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Jing Xueping , Dorrius Monique D. , Zheng Sunyi , Wielema Mirjam , Oudkerk Matthijs , Sijens Paul E. , van Ooijen Peter M. A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To develop a deep learning–based method for contrast-enhanced breast lesion detection in ultrafast screening MRI.

Materials and methods
A total of 837 breast MRI exams of 488 consecutive patients were included. Lesion’s location was independently annotated in the maximum intensity projection (MIP) image of the last time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories (TWIST) sequence for each individual breast, resulting in 265 lesions (190 benign, 75 malignant) in 163 breasts (133 women). YOLOv5 models were fine-tuned using training sets containing the same number of MIP images with and without lesions. A long short-term memory (LSTM) network was employed to help reduce false positive predictions. The integrated system was then evaluated on test sets containing enriched uninvolved breasts during cross-validation to mimic the performance in a screening scenario.

Results
In five-fold cross-validation, the YOLOv5x model showed a sensitivity of 0.95, 0.97, 0.98, and 0.99, with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 false positive per breast, respectively. The LSTM network reduced 15.5% of the false positive prediction from the YOLO model, and the positive predictive value was increased from 0.22 to 0.25.

Conclusions
A fine-tuned YOLOv5x model can detect breast lesions on ultrafast MRI with high sensitivity in a screening population, and the output of the model could be further refined by an LSTM network to reduce the amount of false positive predictions.

Clinical relevance statement
The proposed integrated system would make the ultrafast MRI screening process more effective by assisting radiologists in prioritizing suspicious examinations and supporting the diagnostic workup.

Key Points
• Deep convolutional neural networks could be utilized to automatically pinpoint breast lesions in screening MRI with high sensitivity.
• False positive predictions significantly increased when the detection models were tested on highly unbalanced test sets with more normal scans.
• Dynamic enhancement patterns of breast lesions during contrast inflow learned by the long short-term memory networks helped to reduce false positive predictions.