bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation
Authors: Hellenbrand Daniel J. , Quinn Charles M. , Piper Zachariah J. , Elder Ryan T. , Mishra Raveena R. , Marti Taylor L. , Omuro Phoebe M. , Roddick Rylie M. , Lee Jae Sung , Murphy William L. , Hanna Amgad S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00035/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate the inflammatory process and return to baseline within hours post-injury, chemokines continue to recruit immune cells for days post-injury, while anti-inflammatory cytokines are downregulated by a week post-injury, and sexual dimorphisms observed after mild injury subsided with more severe injuries. Results from this work define critical chemokines that influence immune cell infiltration and important cytokines involved in glial scar development after spinal cord injury, which are essential for researchers developing treatments targeting secondary damage after spinal cord injury.
Long non-coding RNAs with essential roles in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Xiong Wandi , Lu Lin , Li Jiali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recently, with the advent of high-resolution and high-throughput sequencing technologies, an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be involved in the regulation of neuronal function in the central nervous system with specific spatiotemporal patterns, across different neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs during neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biology of lncRNAs and focuses on introducing the latest identified roles, regulatory mechanisms, and research status of lncRNAs in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses the potential values of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases, hoping to provide broader implications for developing effective treatments.
Post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia aggravates destruction of the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Xu Tianqi , Yang Jianhong , Xu Yao , Wang Xiaofeng , Gao Xiang , Sun Jie , Zhou Chenhui , Huang Yi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00039/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff

Post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, which is associated with blood-brain barrier disruption. Brain microvascular endothelial cells are a major component of the blood-brain barrier. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a novel paradigm for repairing cells with mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we first investigated whether mitochondrial transfer exists between brain microvascular endothelial cells, and then investigated the effects of post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia on mitochondrial transfer between brain microvascular endothelial cells. We found that healthy brain microvascular endothelial cells can transfer intact mitochondria to oxygen glucose deprivation-injured brain microvascular endothelial cells. However, post-oxygen glucose deprivation hyperglycemia hindered mitochondrial transfer and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction. We established an in vitro brain microvascular endothelial cell model of the blood-brain barrier. We found that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia reduced the overall energy metabolism levels of brain microvascular endothelial cells and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. In a clinical study, we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia and the severity of hemorrhagic transformation. We found that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia serves as an independent predictor of severe hemorrhagic transformation. These findings suggest that post-acute ischemic stroke hyperglycemia can aggravate disruption of the blood-brain barrier by inhibiting mitochondrial transfer.
Molecular mechanisms underlying microglial sensing and phagocytosis in synaptic pruning
Authors: Huo Anran , Wang Jiali , Li Qi , Li Mengqi , Qi Yuwan , Yin Qiao , Luo Weifeng , Shi Jijun , Cong Qifei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits. In brain physiology, highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli. Once the brain switches its functional states, microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions, including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris. The crosstalk of microglia between neurons, neural stem cells, endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning, neurogenesis, vascularization, myelination, and blood-brain barrier permeability. In this review, we highlight the neuron-derived “find-me,” “eat-me,” and “don’t eat-me” molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development. This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease, thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.
Predictive markers in estimating the need for early intensive care in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction in the emergency department
Authors: Teke Emre , Besler Evren 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Adhesive small-bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common condition requiring emergency room admission, and predicting the need for intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisation is crucial for optimal patient management. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of various scores and indices in determining ICU requirements in patients with ASBO.

Patients and Methods:
Seventy patients diagnosed with ASBO and managed nonoperatively were included in the study. Data on patient demographics, laboratory values, imaging findings, previous hospitalisations and comorbidities were collected. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio were calculated. Patients were categorised into ICU and non-ICU groups for analysis.

Results:
The ICU group comprised patients with higher number of previous ASBO hospitalisations and longer hospitalisation days. Serum albumin levels were significantly lower and the maximum small-bowel horizontal diameter was significantly higher in the ICU group. The SOFA score and CCI score were significantly higher in the ICU group. The CRP/albumin ratio showed a trend towards significance.

Conclusion:
The number of days since the last stool discharge, SOFA score and CCI score demonstrated significant associations with ICU requirements in ASBO patients. These findings highlight the importance of assessing organ dysfunction, comorbidities and gastrointestinal function during patient triage. Our study provides valuable insights into predicting ICU need in ASBO patients, aiding in resource allocation and patient management.
Single-incision versus multi-port laparoscopic ileocolic resections for Crohn’s disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bhattacharya Pratik , Hussain Mohammad Iqbal , Zaman Shafquat , Peterknecht Elizabeth , Tanveer Yousaf , Mohamedahmed Ali Yasen , Akingboye Akinfemi , Peravali Rajeev 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) versus multi-port laparoscopy for ileocolic resection in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).

Patients and Methods:
A systematic search of multiple electronic databases was conducted. The peri- and post-operative outcomes were evaluated between Crohn’s patients undergoing SILS versus multi-port laparoscopy for ileocolic resection. The primary outcomes included operative time, anastomotic leak rate, post-operative wound infections and length of hospital stay. Analysed secondary outcomes were conversion rates, ileus occurrence, intra-abdominal abscess formation, return to theatre and re-admissions. Revman 5.3 was used to perform the statistical analysis.

Results:
Five observational studies with 521 patients (SILS: 211; multi-port: 310) were included in the data synthesis. Patients undergoing SILS had a reduced total operative time compared to multi-port laparoscopy (mean difference [MD]: −16.14, 95% confidence interval: [CI] −27.23 − 5.05, P = 0.004). Post-operative hospital stay was also found to be significantly less in the SILS group (MD: −0.57, 95% CI: −0.73–−0.42, P < 0.0001). No significant difference was seen in the anastomotic leak rate (MD: −16.14, 95% CI: 0.18–1.71, P = 0.004) or post-operative wound infections (odds ratio: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.24 − 2.47, P = 0.67) between the two groups. Moreover, all the measured secondary outcomes were comparable.

Conclusion:
SILS seems to be a feasible alternative to multi-port laparoscopic surgery for ileocolic resection in patients with CD. Improved outcomes in terms of total operative time and length of hospital stay were observed in patients undergoing SILS surgery. Adopting this procedure into routine clinical practice constitutes the next step in the development of minimally invasive surgery.
Coinfection of Malaria and Bacterial Pathogens among Acute Febrile Patients in Selected Clinics in Ghana
Authors: Tagoe Janice N. A. , Yeboah Clara , Behene Eric , Kumordjie Selassie , Nimo-Paintsil Shirley , Attram Naiki , Nyarko Edward O. , Carroll John Ayite , Fox Anne T. , Watters Chaselynn , Koram Kwadwo , Anang Abraham Kwabena , Sanders Terrel , Letizia Andrew G. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT.
Malaria remains the leading cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Africa despite successful control measures and programs. Acute febrile illnesses can be misdiagnosed as malaria as a result of the overlapping spectrum of nonspecific symptoms or may not be pursued because of limited diagnostic capabilities. This study investigated potential etiologies of AFIs in Ghana and determined the relationship between coinfection between malaria and Q fever, leptospirosis, and culturable bacteria in febrile patients. Participants were enrolled between July 2015 and December 2019 from four Ghanaian military treatment facilities. Of the 399 febrile participants, 222 (55.6%) males and 177 (44.6%) females were enrolled. Malaria was diagnosed in 275 (68.9%) participants. Malaria coinfection occurred with leptospirosis, Q fever, and blood-cultured bacteria in 11/206 (5.3%), 24/206 (11.7%), and 6/164 (3.7%) participants, respectively. Among the 124 malaria-negative samples, the positivity rates were 4.1% (3/74), 8.1% (6/74), and 3.6% (2/56) for leptospirosis, Q fever, and bacterial pathogens isolated from blood culture, respectively. The majority of documented clinical signs and symptoms were not significantly associated with specific diseases. Approximately 10% of malaria-positive participants also had evidence suggesting the presence of a bacterial coinfection. Therefore, even in the case of a positive malaria test, other pathogens contributing to febrile illness should be considered. Understanding the frequency of malaria coinfection and other etiological agents responsible for AFIs will improve diagnosis and treatment and better inform public health knowledge gaps in Ghana.
Evidence of Submicroscopic Plasmodium knowlesi Mono-Infection in Remote Indigenous Communities in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Dian Nor Diyana , Muhammad Ahmad Basyir , Azman Elora Nor , Eddie Nur Ashrina , Azmi Nur Iman , Yee Valerie Chong Tze , Rahim Mohd Amirul Fitri A. , Munajat Mohd Bakhtiar , Rakna Mohd Ikhwan Mukmin Seri , Kasri Muhd Rafiq Mohd , Mohamed Ahmad Imran , Ghazali Nuraffini , Hassan Noor Wanie , Manap Siti Nor Azreen Abdul , Osman Emelia , Wahid Wathiqah , Chuangchaiya Sriwipa , Lubis Inke Nadia D. , Divis Paul C. S. , Chan Sherwin , Idris Zulkarnain Md 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT.
Malaysia has maintained zero cases of indigenous human malaria since 2018. However, zoonotic malaria is still prevalent in underdeveloped areas and hard-to-reach populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria among remote indigenous communities in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six settlements in Kelantan state, from June to October 2019. Blood samples were tested for malaria using microscopy and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the Plasmodium cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (cox3) gene. Of the 1,954 individuals who appeared healthy, no malaria parasites were found using microscopy. However, nPCR revealed seven cases of Plasmodium knowlesi mono-infection (0.4%), and six out of seven infections were in the group of 19 to 40 years old (P = 0.026). No human malaria species were detected by nPCR. Analysis of the DNA sequences also showed high similarity that reflects common ancestry to other P. knowlesi isolates. These findings indicate low submicroscopic P. knowlesi infections among indigenous communities in Malaysia, requiring PCR-based surveillance to support malaria control activities in the country.
Loss to Hospital Follow-Up in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria Survivors: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ramwell Carolyn , Liomba Alice M. , Takle Mrinmayee , Barber John R. , Manda-Taylor Lucinda , Pleau Cara , Postels Douglas G. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT.
Children surviving central nervous system (CNS) infections are at high risk of neurological, behavioral, and cognitive sequalae. Early identification, characterization, and treatment of these sequelae may improve child and family health. In Africa, it is unclear if there are demographic or clinical factors that increase the risk of post-hospital loss to follow-up in children with CNS infections. If these factors exist, targeted educational efforts to increase rates of post-hospital retention could be focused on families at highest risk. We performed a case-control study of Malawian children with cerebral malaria, a locally common CNS infection, previously admitted to a specialized research unit in Blantyre, Malawi. Routine survivor post-hospital follow-up was scheduled for 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics between 84 children who missed one or more of these post-hospital visits with 120 children who attended all visits. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between children whose families returned for all follow-up visits and those who did not. Specifically, when comparing these groups, we found no differences in age (P = 00.646), sex (P = 0.789), duration of hospitalization (P = 0.903), distance from home to hospital (P = 0.355), type or severity of neurological sequelae (P = 0.837), guardian literacy (P = 0.057), or number of discharge medications (P = 0.464). No factors assessed in this study were associated with higher risk of loss to follow-up in Malawian child survivors of CNS infections. During hospitalization, educational efforts to increase post-hospital retention should focus on all families.
Nghiên cứu một số yếu tố liên quan và kết cục thai kì ở những thai phụ có thai to tại Khoa Phụ sản Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y - Dược Huế
Authors: Huỳnh Thị Như Ngọc , Nguyễn Trần Thảo Nguyên 
Published: September 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Thai to đang có xu hướng ngày càng gia tăng và liên quan đến một số biến chứng ở mẹ và thai nhi như sang chấn đường sinh dục, đẻ khó do vai và ngạt chu sinh.
Mục tiêu: Xác định các yếu tố liên quan, lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng những thai phụ thai to. Đánh giá kết cục thai kì những thai phụ này.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang có so sánh trên 156 sản phụ có cân nặng trẻ sơ sinh ≥ 3.500 g (nhóm 1) và 184 sản phụ có cân nặng trẻ sinh ra 2.700 - < 3.500 g (nhóm 2) tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y - Dược Huế từ tháng 06/2022 đến tháng 03/2023.
Kết quả nghiên cứu: Các yếu tố liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê với thai to là: sống tại thành thị, tiền sử sinh con ≥ 3 lần, tiền sử sinh con to, BMI mẹ trước mang thai, tăng cân trong thai kì; bệnh lý đái tháo đường thai kì; tuổi và giới tính thai. Một số đặc điểm mẹ nhóm 1: bề cao tử cung: 33,3 ± 2,6 cm; vòng bụng: 103,5 ± 6,5 cm; phần lớn sản phụ lúc vào viện đã chuyển dạ (73,7%); 41,7% ối vỡ sớm. Siêu âm thai trước sinh: Đường kính lưỡng đỉnh (BPD) 95,0 ± 3,6 mm; Chu vi vòng bụng (AC) 363,7 ± 14,4 mm; Chiều dài xương đùi (FL) 71,0 ± 4,2 mm. Phương pháp sinh chính nhóm 1 là mổ lấy thai (MLT) (76,3%), nhóm 2 là sinh đường âm đạo (61,4%). Trong nhóm 1, 9,0% sản phụ được thực hiện nghiệm pháp lọt, tỷ lệ thành công là 50,0%. Biến chứng cao nhất của mẹ sau sinh là tử cung go hồi kém (3,8%) và con là nhiễm trùng sơ sinh sớm (8,3%).
Kết luận: Đái tháo đường thai kì, thể trạng mẹ và sự tăng cân trong thai kì là các yếu tố nên được quan tâm khi quản lý thai nghén sản phụ thai to. Sản phụ có cân nặng thai nhi lúc sinh ≥ 3.500 g thường được MLT. Biến chứng thường gặp nhất về phía mẹ là tử cung co hồi kém, chảy máu sau sinh; về phía con là nhiễm trùng sơ sinh sớm, bướu huyết thanh và suy hô hấp sơ sinh.
LA OSCURIDAD ANTERIOR
Authors: Huamán Almirón Abraham 
Published: September 2023

[ ÍNDICE ]
Manacaracooo, manacaracooo, manacaracooo.................................................. 07
La naturaleza es nuestro ser omnipotente............................................................ 15
¡Puja, chichi! ¡Puja, que ya viene!............................................................................. 19
Mientras duermo y pierdo la consciencia................................................................ 21
El búho canta mirando al norte................................................................................. 25
Sonido clásico de vidrio, sino más bien de chasquidos de agua............................ 33
Aaare po, aaare po, aaare po...................................................................................... 39
El motorista es Pipito Salas.......................................................................................... 45
Úuuh, úuuh, úuuh. ¡Es el Felipe, es él!........................................................................ 53
¡Boa! Es una boa que está soleándose....................................................................... 61
Despojado de la sotana y puestoun short................................................................. 69
Ofrece los huevos del padre a los que veas............................................................... 75
Esos nativos nunca van a trabajar............................................................................... 81
No es natural que unos tengan más riquezasque otros.......................................... 89
Que les aproveche y bendiga San Juan en su día...................................................... 95
Otro era el padre Pablo que conocí............................................................................. 99
Intuyo el dolor en las palabras de su misiva............................................................. 109
El hijo del hijo del jefe................................................................................................... 117
Supporting international PGT students’ interaction and participation, academic confidence and belonging through academic skills classes and a student-led video project
Authors: Frith Louise , Maitland Leah , Lamont James 
Published: September 2023

This paper reports on a research project which took place at a university in the North of England during the academic year 2021-22. As a small team of discipline-based Academic Skills Tutors, we provide weekly two-hour classes for PGT Education students. Classes focus on giving students the tools to develop their academic and communication skills. The aim of our research was to find out about students' interaction and participation, levels of academic anxiety, and sense of belonging. To gather students’ views, we conducted an online survey which was sent to all students, and we ran three focus group sessions. We then presented the results to students and asked them if they would like to participate in a video project in which their experiences were captured, with a view to creating a resource for incoming PGT students to support their transition to postgraduate study in the UK. The project produced three short videos, each of which picks up one of the themes of the research (participation, academic anxiety and belonging). This paper first presents our research findings on the three themes: student interaction and participation, academic anxiety and students' sense of belonging. It then reflects on the process of producing the student-led video project.