bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gorham stout disease in pregnancy
Authors: Calayo Janine V. , Corro Agustin B. , Factor Patricia Ann A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGorham‐Stout disease (GSD) is a rare disorder characterized by spontaneous and progressive bone resorption. Its clinical presentation varies from unremarkable to life‐threatening, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Despite extensive research, no definitive correlations have been established between GSD and age, gender, race, or environmental and infectious risk factors. A 32‐year‐old woman with GSD presented during her second pregnancy, experiencing gingival mass recurrence after 20 years. Biopsy revealed pyogenic granuloma, leading to 20 cycles of radiotherapy with no disease progression. She underwent an elective cesarean section at 37 weeks for low‐lying placenta, recovering well postpartum. The limited documentation of GSD in pregnant women complicates diagnosis and management. Outcomes vary widely, from life‐threatening complications like chylothorax to unremarkable cases. Comprehensive understanding is crucial for providing appropriate prenatal, antenatal, and postnatal care for affected women in the future.
Machine Learning Assisted Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules Based on 3D Images Reconstructed From CT Scans
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Yuan , Hong Qin , Li Da‐Wei , Wu Tao , Liu Yue‐Qiang , Qian Ruo‐Can 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLung cancer is one of the most common and deadly diseases worldwide. The precise diagnosis of lung cancer at an early stage holds particular significance, as it contributes to enhanced therapeutic decision‐making and prognosis. Despite advancements in computed tomography (CT) scanning for the detection of pulmonary nodules, accurately assessing the diverse range of pulmonary nodules continues to pose a substantial challenge. Herein, we present an innovative approach utilizing machine learning to facilitate the accurate differentiation of pulmonary nodules. Our method relies on the reconstruction of three‐dimensional (3D) lung models derived from two‐dimensional (2D) CT scans. Inspired by the successful utilization of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) in the realm of natural image recognition, we propose a novel technique for pulmonary nodule detection employing DCNNs. Initially, we employ an algorithm to generate 3D lung models from raw 2D CT scans, thereby providing an immersive stereoscopic depiction of the lungs. Subsequently, a DCNN is introduced to extract features from images and classify the pulmonary nodules. Based on the developed model, pulmonary nodules with various features have been successfully classified with 86% accuracy, demonstrating superior performance. We hold the belief that our strategy will provide a useful tool for the early clinical diagnosis and management of lung cancer.
External Validation of Raman Spectroscopy for Lyme Disease Diagnostics
Authors: Juárez Isaac D. , Holman Aidan P. , Horn Elizabeth J. , Rogovskyy Artem S. , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLyme disease (LD), caused by Borreliella burgdorferi, is the most common tick‐borne illness in the United States, yet early‐stage diagnosis remains challenging due to the limitations of current serological diagnostics. Raman spectroscopy (RS), paired with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), showed promise as an alternative diagnostic tool. Using RS, we analyzed 107 coded human blood samples (42 LD‐positive and 65 LD‐negative) obtained from the Lyme Disease Biobank. PLS‐DA models showed nearly perfect internal validation performance with a sensitivity and specificity of 97.1% and 100.0%, respectively, indicating robust predictive capabilities. External validation of the developed chemometrics model with 80/20 training/validation split of all spectra gave true positive rates of 92.7% and 87.3% for serological positive and negative spectra, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of RS as a rapid and noninvasive diagnostic platform for LD, particularly when integrated with machine learning.
Measuring Colloidal Forces With Atomic Force Microscopy 1: Salt Influence on Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Authors: Ponce‐Gonzalez Luis N. , Sudjarwo Wisnu Arfian A. , Toca‐Herrera José L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTColloidal forces are essential for maintaining the stability and functionality of colloidal systems, affecting various industrial, biological, and environmental processes. They play an important role in determining the behavior of particles in suspensions, including stability, aggregation, and surface interactions. In this primer, we present basic concepts and protocols for studying colloidal interactions at different salt concentrations using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Following this methodology, hydrophilic substrates (i.e., silica) were easily functionalized with a hydrophobic fluorocarbon (1H,1H,2H,2H‐Perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, FOTS) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and characterized by the sessile drop method, electrophoretic light scattering, AFM imaging, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine parameters such as contact angle, zeta potential, and surface roughness, respectively. Thus, after the preparation and characterization of a well‐defined colloidal system, force‐distance experiments using AFM allowed for the measurement of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions in salt solutions. Furthermore, we describe in detail the processing and fitting of the experimental data with an extended DLVO model.
Trends in Antarctic Sea Ice and Albedo: Impacts of Ocean‐Atmospheric Processes
Authors: Swathi M , Srivastava Aakriti , Kumar Avinash , Yadav Juhi , Gupta Dinesh Chandra , Mohan Rahul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSurface albedo (SAL), a critical factor in climate studies, significantly impacts the Earth's radiation budget and sea ice dynamics. The long‐term spatial and temporal variability of Antarctic SAL were derived from the third edition of the Cloud, Albedo, and Surface Radiation Dataset (CLARA‐A3). The analysis focused on spring and summer across five longitudinal sectors around Antarctica. The relationships of sea ice concentration (SIC) and SAL with climatic variables such as sea surface temperature (SST), 2 m air temperature (T2m), turbulent heat flux, and total cloud cover are explored in detail. The study examined SAL changes in two distinct timescales, pre‐2015 (1979–2015) and post‐2015 (2016–2021), to understand sea ice variations and trends in Antarctic climate change. The study revealed contrasting summer SAL trends, with a positive trend pre‐2015 and a decreasing trend post‐2016 across most of Antarctica, except the Amundsen‐Bellingshausen Sea, which showed an opposite trend. West Antarctica exhibited higher SAL compared to East Antarctica. SAL and SIC were significantly negatively correlated with SST, T2m, and turbulent heat flux across all sectors. Cross‐seasonal lead–lag analysis indicated that increased turbulent heat flux was followed by an increase in SAL after 1–5 months. Wind patterns showed that winds from higher to lower latitudes increased SIC and SAL, while winds from lower to higher latitudes reduced SIC. Post‐2015, notable wind direction reversals were observed in the Antarctic Peninsula during spring. Sectors with higher cloud cover absorbed more ocean heat, reducing turbulent heat flux and affecting SAL. Overall, post‐2015 observations highlighted major shifts in sea ice dynamics and SAL trends during both spring and summer seasons. The SIC decreased markedly across all sectors, with the Weddell Sea showing the most significant reduction. This study highlights regional and seasonal variations in SAL and its interactions with SIC and climatic factors, emphasising shifts in trends post‐2015.
Proof of Concept: Macro‐Raman Mapping of a Three‐Dimensional Object
Authors: Vermeersch Eva , Vandenabeele Peter 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMacro‐Raman mapping has been proposed as a novel technique to visualise the molecular distribution over a surface of typically several tens of cm2. By combining large stages with a fibre‐optic probe head of a Raman spectrometer and appropriate data processing, it is possible to obtain large Raman maps. Therefore, a data cube containing thousands of spectra is processed in such a way that the relevant spectral information is represented as different colours in the image. A mapping experiment consists of the alignment, the recording of the spectra and postprocessing. In the current work, it is aimed to deliver a proof of concept of the macro‐Raman mapping of a three‐dimensional (3‐D) object, such as a statue. When Raman mapping experiments are performed using microscope objectives, the surface should be relatively flat, and the distance between the surface and the spectrometer cannot display abrupt changes. Therefore, the macro‐Raman set‐up needs to be equipped with a long working distance lens. By measuring for each point the distance to the surface, and by knowing the positions of the stage, the recorded spectral information is related to the 3‐D position of the measurement point. Thus, a 3‐D point cloud is obtained, and the linked spectral information is colour‐coded to obtain a 3‐D macro‐Raman map. To be able to record information from all areas of the painted statuette, including from points that are on planes parallel to the laser beam, several maps have been recorded, and the point clouds were merged, resulting in a complete reconstruction of the 3‐D artefact.
Voting Trends Among Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Trainees
Authors: Bourdillon Alexandra T. , Moneer Osman , Zhan Kevin Y. , Lee Jake J. , Valenzuela Carla V. , Farzal Zainab 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveHealth policies affect clinical practice and outcomes, serving as an impetus for civic engagement. Voting participation among Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) trainees is poorly characterized and may be afflicted by distinct barriers specific to training. This is the first study to evaluate voter participation among OHNS trainees.MethodsWe analyzed survey data from the 2020 American Academy of Otolaryngology Section for Residents and Fellows (AAO SRF), capturing voting practices among trainees as well as attitudes to promoting electoral participation among programs. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to assess statistical differences by voting practices.Results20.9% of 277 respondents experienced decreased electoral participation since starting residency. These rates did not vary significantly by trainees' subjective views on the importance of voting (p = 0.69, 95% CI = [−184, 23]). While 84.6% (226 out of 267) of eligible trainees voted in the 2016 election, eligible nonvoters most frequently cited reasons such as lack of time and perceived lack of impact. Additionally, the greatest proportion of trainees voted on election day (42.6%), followed by mail‐in/absentee ballot (24.2%), and finally by early voting (14.8%). Trainees reported a wide range of attendings (71.5% responded ≤ 2 attendings) who explicitly advocated for trainee voting participation. Greater attending support was concordant with trainees' overall voting (p = 0.057, 95% CI = [−6, 84]) and voting in the 2016 election (p = 0.042, 95%. CI = [−95, 0]). Even if excused from clinical duties, 10.5% of respondents stated they would not leave work to vote due to guilt of being away from clinical duties, and 27.8% of respondents would do so reluctantly. These different practices among trainees did not significantly vary with overall voting participation (p = 0.20, 95% CI = [−8, 124]) or 2016 electoral participation (p = 0.20, 95% CI = [−136, 1]).ConclusionVoting participation among OHNS trainees is higher than the national average of adults but slightly lower than other medical specialties. Training program culture can mitigate barriers to electoral participation.Level of EvidenceNA.
Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable NIR‐Emitting Phosphor with Largely Tunable Peak Wavelength and Bandwidth Toward NIR Spectroscopy Applications
Authors: Chen Xiaoyuan , Huang Xiaoyong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping tunable broadband near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent materials with outstanding luminescence properties and superior thermal robustness remains a significant challenge for next‐generation intelligent NIR light sources. Herein, a high‐performance large‐scale tunable NIR‐emitting garnet‐type phosphor, SrLu2Al3ScSiO12:Cr3+ (SLASSO:Cr3+), is presented. Upon 450 nm blue light excitation, SLASSO:1%Cr3+ phosphor yields a broadband emission with full width at half maximum of 108 nm and a prominent sharp peak at 694 nm superimposed on a broadband radiation, which is attributed to the co‐occupation of Cr3+ ions at the dominant [AlO6] octahedral site (Cr1 site) and subordinate [ScO6] octahedral site (Cr2 site). Remarkably, as the Cr3⁺ content increases, a significant red‐shift in emission peak wavelength spanning from 694 to 785 nm and emission bandwidth broadening from 89 to 152 nm are observed, which stems from the weakening of the crystal field strength and the energy redistribution within Cr1 and Cr2 luminescence centers regulated by the formation of the local Cr3+‐Cr3+ ion pairs. Notably, the optimal SLASSO:1%Cr3+ sample boasts an excellent internal quantum efficiency of 89.4% and an exceptional thermal stability (97.6%@423 K). Additionally, the fabricated NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode devices demonstrate promising multi‐functional applications, including plant cultivation, night vision, bioimaging and non‐destructive detection.
Sensitivity and Robustness Analyses in Social Multi‐Criteria Evaluation of Public Policies
Authors: Azzini Ivano , Munda Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn policy arenas, the major virtue of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is the possibility of dealing with a plurality of multidimensional features both at technical and social levels. However, in this process there is always the danger of oversimplifying complex issues by creating false certainties. MCDA outputs may seem a precise result, while they are not, frequently. In this article, we introduce various improvements of the state of the art, in particular with reference to Social Multi‐Criteria Evaluation (SMCE), which has been explicitly developed for public policies. From the theoretical point of view, local and global sensitivity analyses are considered as complementary, while habitually they are considered as separate analyses; this is particularly relevant for criterion weights, which are one of the most sensitive input parameters in real‐world applications. Algorithmically, our approach allows to perform exhaustive sensitivity and robustness analyses in the context of the Kemeny median ranking aggregation rule by solving its computational time issue. From an empirical point of view, we propose an approach, based on frequency matrices, to make output uncertainty transparent and easy to communicate; this helps improving the policy learning process, too. Finally, we present an illustrative example, where we summarise the whole approach and put emphasis on the role of sensitivity analysis as a tool for better understanding the decision model and explore its informative content.
Hyperbranched polyester improves the dispersion of SiO2 for enhancing the mechanical properties of DLP 3D printing polyurethane acrylate
Authors: Zhao Xiaoliang , Jiao Hua , Yao Yijun , Du Bin , Zhao Kang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHerein, we prepared the high‐strength polyurethane acrylate (PUA) composites by introducing the γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ‐MPS)‐modified SiO2 (γ‐MPS‐SiO2) and hyperbranched unsaturated polyester (U102) into PUA utilizing digital light processing 3D printing technology. Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, and gel permeation chromatography provided evidence for the preparation of PUA and γ‐MPS‐SiO2. And U102 could improve the dispersion of γ‐MPS‐SiO2 particles in PUA, which is conducive to improving the tensile strength, bending strength, and thermal stability of PUA composites. Compared with γ‐MPS‐SiO2/PUA, γ‐MPS‐SiO2/U102/PUA composites with tensile strength of 32.73 MPa and bending strength of 62.48 MPa can be obtained when the content of U102 is 10 wt%. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of PUA composites increased with the increase of γ‐MPS‐SiO2 content. When the content of γ‐MPS‐SiO2 particles is 20 wt%, T5%, T50%, and the residue at 650°C are increased by 36.81%, 2.31%, and 122.17%, respectively. The tensile and bending strengths were increased by 103.67% and 125.92%, respectively. This work provides a new way to improve the dispersibility of inorganic nanoparticles in polymers and the mechanical properties of photocurable 3D printing resin products.Highlights
A high‐performance photocurable polyurethane acrylate has been synthesized.
The hyperbranched unsaturated polyester has an excellent dispersing effect on SiO2.
The mechanical properties of polyurethane acrylate composites were synergistically improved by the hyperbranched unsaturated polymer and SiO2 particles.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, In Silico DFT and ADMET Profiling Studies of n‐Propylimino bis‐Methylpropanoate, A Potential Dendritic Core
Authors: Das Parineeta , Gupta Anshika , Ovung Aben , Puzari Amrit 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDendrimers, the 3D hyperbranched architecture, have the capability of improving the solubility and stability of orally administered drugs in biological environment and therefore attracts significant scientific interest. Even the stimuli responsive dendritic architectures are considered best candidate for controlled drug release and conducting chemical reactions in their interiors. Acrylonitrile adducts, due to their potent biomedical activities, have been explored in designing dendritic architecture. In this work, n‐propylimino bis‐methylpropanoate was synthesized from the acrylonitrile adduct n‐propylimino bis‐propionitrile, as zeroth generation dendrimer. Acid‐hydrolysis of acrylonitrile adduct followed by esterification with methanol leads to the formation of zeroth generation dendritic architecture. Product formation was confirmed through conventional spectroscopic techniques. The plausible mechanistic route has been proposed for the synthesis of the dendrimer. The stability of the molecules was asserted using DFT through HOMO‐LUMO energy gap. In silico approach was followed to analyze the bioavailability of the zeroth generation dendritic architecture. ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Taoxicity) parameters of the zeroth generation dendrimer confirm the drug‐like behavior. The study also reveals that the products are not likely to be harmful.
Fluorescence Studies of Amino Acid and Peptide‐Based Hydrogels: Unveiling Self‐Assembly and Structural Insights
Authors: Chandran Arathy , Athulya K. R. , Bantu Tirupati Rao , Kumar Anitha C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFluorescence spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for studying the self‐assembly, structural integrity, and dynamic behaviors of amino acid and peptide‐based hydrogels. Unlike fluorescence microscopy, which visualizes spatial distributions, fluorescence spectroscopy delves into the molecular interactions and environmental changes within these hydrogels. This review highlights the intrinsic fluorescence of amino acids such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, alongside modifications such as Fmoc groups and the use of external probes, to elucidate gelation mechanisms and aggregation dynamics. Key phenomena such as aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), aggregation‐induced quenching (AIQ), time‐resolved fluorescence, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques provide insights into favorable and unfavorable assembly processes. The ability of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor hydrogels in their native wet state without structural disruptions caused by drying presents a significant advantage over traditional morphological techniques such as TEM and SEM. This review underscores the importance of fluorescence spectroscopy in advancing the design and application of amino acid and peptide‐based hydrogels, with potential implications for biomaterials, drug delivery, and biosensing. The integration of fluorescence spectroscopy with complementary techniques holds great promise for unlocking new possibilities in hydrogel research.
Critical Collaborative Reflection With Linguistic Landscapes and Material Culture in Teacher Preparation
Authors: Austin Tasha 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe use of linguistic landscapes (LLs) to expand the respect for and knowledge of minoritized language use has extended into classroom practice and teacher preparation. Nuanced racialized understandings of language that include multimodal and multilingual realities, however, complicate the potential for educators to make sense of the language they perceive through LLs within the context of US teacher preparation. This complexity highlights the de facto segregation that results in an overwhelmingly white teacher workforce entering US K‐12 spaces with racially minoritized and multilingual student communities. Using critical multilingual awareness through a raciolinguistic perspective, this study extends and critiques using LLs in teacher preparation asking, “How can instructional design centered on the multimodal literate practices of racially minoritized communities expand the receptive linguistic repertoire of pre‐service teachers (PSTs)?” Critical discourse analysis findings from five PST reflections and material culture and LL presentations suggest that (1) assimilationist hidden curricula and performative signage abound within segregated communities and (2) critical humility and engaged pedagogies can increase PST receptive literacies as they interpret and honor the complex language ways of racially minoritized communities. Implications of the power of collective, historicized and contextualized analyses of localized languaging in content‐area teacher preparation is discussed.
Antrum Resection Versus Preservation Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in the Treatment of Obesity: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Systematic Review
Authors: Luo Jinlong , Zhong Furui , Yang Hua , Yang Lie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has been proven to be an effective surgical method for managing morbid obesity. However, the extent of the antral excision remains controversial. In this meta‐analysis, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of LSG with antral resection (AR) and antral preservation (AP).Materials and MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from their inception dates to March 2024. The main outcomes were the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), and BMI at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postsurgery.ResultsFourteen RCTs comprising 1222 patients were included in the study. The %EWL was significantly lower in the AP group at 6 (mean difference [MD]: −5.65 and p = 0.003), 12 (MD: −5.08 and p < 0.00001), and 24 (MD: −5.23 and p = 0.0004) months. The %TWL was significantly lower in the AP group at 3 (MD: −4.63 and p = 0.02), 6 (MD: −3.98 and p < 0.0001), and 12 (MD: −4.63 and p < 0.00001) months. BMI was lower in the AR group at 3 (MD: 1.81 and p = 0.007) and 6 (MD: 2.39 and p = 0.002) months. No significant difference was found in surgical time and de novo gastroesophageal reflux disease; however, the AP group demonstrated significantly longer hospital stays and a lower rate of late vomiting.ConclusionLSG with AR yields better weight loss than LSG with AP but may lead to a higher rate of late vomiting.