bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open syllable lengthening and diphthongisation in Upper Middle High German: evidence from verse
Authors: Booth Joshua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite a long history of scholarly interest, the relative chronologies (and even origins) of open syllable lengthening (OSL) and the diphthongisation of the Middle High German (MHG) high vowels "Image missing" remain unclear. This paper, drawing on orthographic evidence from a thirteenth-century Parzival MS, St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 857, provides new insights into these two key changes. The changes either maintained or increased the quantity of stressed vowels, leading to a net increase in the quantity of stressed syllables in MHG. Diphthongisation simply altered the segmental quality of already long monophthongs; only OSL increased the quantity of the vowels it affected. This paper argues that OSL was not a feature of the South Bavarian dialect of Cod. 857’s Hand III, although his dialect had certainly undergone diphthongisation. It is difficult to reconcile this picture with claims by Penzl, Kranzmayer and Wiesinger that OSL was present throughout the Bavarian dialect area by 1200. This paper challenges claims that diphthongisation was triggered by OSL via a phonological push-chain, maintaining that the two changes were independent. It is furthermore suggested that the scribe is uninterested in marking vocalic quantity, which—in the absence of OSL—was still consistent across inflexional paradigms. Instead, he uses the circumflex “length marker” to indicate diphthongal quality. The scribes’ dialect thus represents a key turning point: diphthongisation was well progressed, but OSL had yet to occur.
The de-construction in Wenzhounese: how it differs from the bǎ-construction in Mandarin
Authors: Xie Chen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe canonical word order in Mandarin is SVO, but it becomes “SbǎO V” in thebǎ-construction, wherebǎvaguely expresses the affectedness of the object. How to analyze thebǎ-construction is one of the most controversial topics in Chinese grammar. This paper approaches the issue from a fresh perspective by presenting new data from Wenzhounese, where thede-construction is parallel to thebǎ-construction. Although these constructions share a considerable degree of similarity, they differ in the following key respects. First, they differ in the strategies used to topicalize the post-de/bǎnoun phrase (NP). Second, the quantifier taking scope over the post-de/bǎNP has distinct distributions. Third, Wenzhounese has a double-deconstruction unattested in Mandarin. Based on these observations, I offer a formal analysis of thede-construction within the framework of Lexical Functional Grammar. This encompasses the lexical entries, constituent-structure, and functional-structure forde, which will capture the differences betweendeandbǎand shed new light on thebǎ-construction in Mandarin.
The role of domestic-firm knowledge in international patent collaborations: evidence from Indian firms
Authors: Mathew Nanditha , Napolitano Lorenzo , Rizzo Ugo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the role of international patent collaborations in the performance of domestic firms and how the relationship is augmented by the pre-existing capabilities of the domestic firms. Using data on Indian firms, we study patterns of co-invention by Indian firms and foreign partners. The results confirm the crucial role played by the absorptive capacity of domestic firms in enhancing benefits from patent collaborations. Strikingly, we find that the coefficient associated to foreign collaboration has a positive effect on performance only when complemented with previous innovative capabilities. The evidence we present in this work contributes to existing knowledge on the microeconomics behind the process of technological capability accumulation and catching up in developing countries.
“The Learning of Learned ‘Learning Organizations’?”: How Southern African Universities Use a Professional Competency Framework for Research Management and Administration: Selective Cases
Authors: Williamson Charmaine , Dyason Karin , McNamara Caryn , Aslanyan Garry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow universities, respected for their position at the apex of learning, employ competency frameworks in order to increase learning impacts is acknowledged by the authors as a researchable problem. The respective natures of universities and professional work, the latter, which is often intensely integral to universities, means that universities have to take on board managerial as well philosophical means of learning. This article explores how staff at six universities employ a Professional Competency Framework for Research Management and Administration (PCF-RMA) to bring about organizational learning. Participants provide qualitative data which are condensed into six narrated cases to show how a PCF-RMA, created through action research, enters into the university systems and translates into individual and organizational systems thinking towards applied outcomes. Using the theoretical lenses of Senge’s five disciplines and core competencies for competitive advantage, we argue that systems thinking is not essentially about the system as an abstracted entity, but about sensitized individuals who actively ‘think through’ using the PCF-RMA to improve their own work and career prospects, while also improving the work of the research support offices for university research purposes. In short, systems and funding impacts. As such, the PCF-RMA, while initially carried through individuals, has a systems opportunity to change not only individuals but also set up a trajectory for generative holistic changes as articulated within organizational learning theories. The study recommends future research to employ a diverse and broadened scope in the domains of theory, context, and methodology. Aside from prompting ongoing research, this study offers an opportunity to demonstrate increased research impact, an area which stakeholders of research, including the funders, increasingly emphasize.
Transferring Vision-Language Models for Visual Recognition: A Classifier Perspective
Authors: Wu Wenhao , Sun Zhun , Song Yuxin , Wang Jingdong , Ouyang Wanli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransferring knowledge from pre-trained deep models for downstream tasks, particularly with limited labeled samples, is a fundamental problem in computer vision research. Recent advances in large-scale, task-agnostic vision-language pre-trained models, which are learned with billions of samples, have shed new light on this problem. In this study, we investigate how to efficiently transfer aligned visual and textual knowledge for downstream visual recognition tasks. We first revisit the role of the linear classifier in the vanilla transfer learning framework, and then propose a new paradigm where the parameters of the classifier are initialized with semantic targets from the textual encoder and remain fixed during optimization. To provide a comparison, we also initialize the classifier with knowledge from various resources. In the empirical study, we demonstrate that our paradigm improves the performance and training speed of transfer learning tasks. With only minor modifications, our approach proves effective across 17 visual datasets that span three different data domains: image, video, and 3D point cloud.
Association of clinical biomarkers and response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer
Authors: Feeney Gerard , Waldron Ronan , Miller Nicola , Malone Carmel , Sweeney Karl , McLaughlin Raymond , Lowery Aoife , Barry Kevin , Kerin Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Neoadjuvant therapy is an essential component of multimodality therapy for locally advanced breast adenocarcinoma (BC). Complete pathologic response (pCR) is a useful surrogate for long-term oncologic outcome.

Aim
To assess the association between clinicopathologic, molecular and immunological markers and treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy in BC.

Methods
BC patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database. Serum haematological/biochemical values, histopathologic, immunohistochemical data and TNM stage were obtained from electronic records. Patients were categorised into complete responders vs non-complete responders and responders vs non-responders. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS.

Results
Overall, 299 BC patients were included. The average age was 49.8 ± 11.5 years. A pCR was evident in 22.6% (n = 69). pCR was associated with early T stage and non-luminal subtypes (HER2 enriched [HER2 +] and triple negative [TNBC]). The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) pre-operatively was lower in patients with a pCR (p = 0.02). The lymphocyte-CRP ratio (LCR) was also slightly reduced in responders (p = 0.049) at diagnosis. A pre-op NLR greater than 2 was not found to be a significant predictive factor (p = 0.071) on multivariable logistic regression analysis. T stage at diagnosis (p = 0.024), N stage (p = 0.001) and breast cancer subtype (p = 0.0001) were also determined to be significant predictive factors of complete response.

Conclusion
pCR was more likely in patients with less advanced disease in BC. The presence of HER2 + or TNBC in BC also increases the likelihood of pCR. Neoadjuvant therapy stimulates the systemic inflammatory response; however, a reduced baseline NLR may be associated with increased pCR. Confirmation with larger datasets is required.
Criterion validity and reliability of an instrumented mouthguard under pendulum impactor conditions
Authors: Austin Kieran , Nicholas Kieran Jai , Jones Christopher M. , Loosemore Mike 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe popularity of instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) use to measure head impact kinematics in contact sports is growing. To accurately compare between systems, mouthguards should be subjected to standardised laboratory validation testing. The study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of a mouthguard system under independently collected pendulum impactor conditions. A NOCSAE anthropometric testing device with attached mouthguard was impacted in four different locations (front, front boss, rear, rear boss) at four target linear accelerations (25, 50, 75 and 100 g) with two different impactor caps (padded and rigid). Peak linear acceleration, peak rotational velocity and peak rotational acceleration values from the mouthguard were compared against the reference data with a battery of statistical tests, namely R squared values, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland Altman analysis. Results indicate the iMG produces valid and reliable data comparable to that of the anthropomorphic testing device reference, with all measured variables reported ‘excellent’ intraclass correlation coefficients above 0.95; concordance correlation coefficients above 0.95; minimal average bias with Bland Altman analysis and R squared values above 0.92 for all measured variables. Results indicate the iMG is appropriately valid and reliable enough to next establish on-field validity.
Evaluating the efficiency of different sampling techniques to survey non-flying small mammals in the Amazon
Authors: Botelho André L. M. , D’Andrea Paulo S. , Crisóstomo Charle F. , Silveira Marcos , Lucio Camila S. , Santos Pedro Z. L. , Bonvicino Cibele R. , Gentile Rosana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSmall non-flying mammals represent 44% of Brazilian mammal species and have a wide range of habits and life-history strategies. This wide diversity requires different sampling methods in survey studies. We compared the efficiency of pitfall and live-traps in different vertical positions in relation to the alpha and beta diversity of small mammals in three forest fragments with different levels of conservation and in a continuous area in the southwestern Amazon, Acre state. Captures were carried out using a combination of pitfall traps and live-traps on the ground, understorey, and canopy. Taxonomic identification was performed by morphological and molecular analyses. Alpha diversity was evaluated using Hill numbers (q = 0 and q = 1). The turnover between different types of traps and different vertical strata (beta diversity) was analysed using permutation analysis of variance. Species richness between areas ranged from 6 to 21. The highest species richness was observed in ground traps, and the lowest species richness was observed in the canopy. Live-traps on the ground recorded a greater diversity in two areas. Pitfall traps recorded the greatest number of unique species in three areas. The different types of traps and the different vertical positions acted in a complementary way in the small mammal samplings. The turnover in relation to trap type and stratum indicated the formation of two significantly different groups: ground traps and aboveground traps. However, the use of canopy traps did not contribute significantly to an increase in the estimated species richness and diversity in three of the four localities.
A Tutorial on Applying the Difference-in-Differences Method to Health Data
Authors: Rothbard Sarah , Etheridge James C. , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Difference-in-differences analyses are a useful tool for estimating group-level decisions, such as policy changes, training programs, or other non-randomized interventions, on outcomes which occur within the intervention group. However, there is little practical advice on how to apply difference-in-differences to epidemiologic and health data. Here, we provide a tutorial on applying the difference-in-differences method to health services data, targeted at epidemiologists and other biomedical researchers.

Recent Findings
As epidemiologists increasingly engage in policy discussions, familiarity with difference-in-differences will be increasingly important. However, much of the literature on difference-in-differences is limited to econometrics examples where the types of data and questions encountered may differ from health research. There remain limited resources for epidemiologists and other medical researchers to learn how to implement difference-in-differences analyses without first having to familiarize themselves with econometric terminology and concepts.

Summary
This tutorial contains synthetic data, code, and worksheets for class instruction. We provide a step-by-step description of the difference-in-differences analysis including sensitivity checks, modeling decisions, and interpretation. In addition, we supply novel guidance on modeling difference-in-differences outcomes for count or score outcomes.
Eating disorders and physical multimorbidity in the English general population
Authors: Smith Lee , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Fernandez-Egea Emilio , Ford Tamsin , Parris Christopher , Underwood Benjamin R. , Butler Laurie , Barnett Yvonne , Trott Mike , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
People with eating disorders may be at increased risk for physical health problems, but there are no data on the relationship between eating disorders and physical multimorbidity (i.e., ≥ 2 physical conditions) and its potential mediators. Thus, we investigated this association in a representative sample of adults from the UK, and quantified the extent to which this can be explained by various psychological and physical conditions, and lifestyle factors.

Methods
Cross-sectional data of the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey were analyzed. Questions from the five-item SCOFF screening instrument were used to identify possible eating disorder. Respondents were asked about 20 physical health conditions. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analysis were conducted.

Results
Data on 7403 individuals aged ≥ 16 years were analyzed [mean (SD) age 46.3 (18.6) years; 48.6% males]. After adjustment, possible eating disorder was associated with 2.11 (95%CI = 1.67–2.67) times higher odds for physical multimorbidity. Anxiety disorder explained the largest proportion this association (mediated percentage 26.3%), followed by insomnia (21.8%), perceived stress (13.4%), depression (13.1%), obesity (13.0%), and alcohol dependence (4.3%).

Conclusion
Future longitudinal studies are warranted to understand potential causality and the underlying mechanisms in the association between eating disorder and multimorbidity, and whether addressing the identified potential mediators in people with eating disorders can reduce multimorbidity.
Generalized Taylor’s formula for power fractional derivatives
Authors: Zitane Hanaa , Torres Delfim F. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe establish a new generalized Taylor’s formula for power fractional derivatives with nonsingular and nonlocal kernels, which includes many known Taylor’s formulas in the literature. Moreover, as a consequence, we obtain a general version of the classical mean value theorem. We apply our main result to approximate functions in Taylor’s expansions at a given point. The explicit interpolation error is also obtained. The new results are illustrated through examples and numerical simulations.
A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Preclinical Students in Learning Clinical and Communication Skills at a Simulation Centre
Authors: Sam Chong Pek , Nathan Joann Lalita , Aroksamy Jacintha Anita , Ramasamy Nithia , Mamat Norul Hidayah Binti , Nadarajah Vishna Devi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionSimulation centres (SC) and its learning resources are now firmly established as part of medical education. In SC, medical students obtain both knowledge and skills based on a combination of theory and practice using provided resources. This study aims to explore medical students’ use of SC learning resources to learn clinical and communication skills based on Kolb’s experiential learning cycle. This is based on the research question ‘How are the SC resources useful in supporting preclinical medical students’ clinical and communication skills learning?’ The findings of the study can make a case for further enhancement of SC design and resources for medical students in the preclinical phase.MethodsA qualitative study involving 20 preclinical medical students with learning experiences in SC was conducted between December 2019 and 2020 at a medical school in Malaysia. Semi-structured interview questions were developed based on Kolb’s learning cycle. The data were thematically analysed using the six phases of Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified based on preclinical medical students’ experiences in SC; they were ‘preparation for authentic clinical experience’, ‘accessibility of multiple resources for learning and support’ and ‘opportunities to learn and improve’.ConclusionsThe SC’s resources have a significant and positive role in supporting preclinical medical students learn clinical and communication skills. The SC resources prepared them for authentic clinical experiences with a patient-centred care approach and self-directed learning opportunities. Social support from peers, peer tutors and academics emerged as a key finding and resource of the SC as they help preclinical students learn and improve.
Two remarks on the new AI control problem
Authors: Vacek Daniela 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the new AI control problem and the control dilemma recently formulated by Sven Nyholm. It puts forth two remarks that may be of help in (dis)solving the problem and resolving the corresponding dilemma. First, the paper suggests that the idea of complete control should be replaced with the notion of considerable control. Second, the paper casts doubt on what seems to be assumed by the dilemma, namely that control over another human being is, by default, morally problematic. I suggest that there are some contexts (namely, relations of vicarious responsibility and vicarious agency) where having considerable control over another human being is morally unproblematic, if not desirable. If this is the case, control over advanced humanoid robots could well be another instance of morally unproblematic control. Alternatively, what makes it a problematic instance remains an open question insofar as the representation of control over another human being is not sufficient for wrongness, since even considerable control over another human being is often not wrong.
Intelligent surveillance support system
Authors: Saketh Meduri , Nandal Neha , Tanwar Rohit , Reddy B. Pradyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Intelligent Surveillance Support System(ISSS) is an innovative software solution that enables real-time monitoring and analysis of security footage to detect and identify potential threats. This system incorporates advanced features such as face recognition, alarm on theft detection, visitors in/out detection and motion detection, to provide a comprehensive and reliable security solution. The implementation of this software aims to improve the efficiency of surveillance systems, thereby enhancing the safety and security of public and private spaces. The focus of this study is on performing the aforementioned tasks in real time while utilizing enhanced algorithms from the OpenCV Library, such as LBPH and Haar Cascading, which enhance the use of machine perception and help us produce outcomes with an accuracy of about 95% after multiple runs. With the rapid advancements in technology and the increasing need for surveillance in today’s world, the Intelligent Surveillance Support System holds immense potential in the field of security and surveillance.
Collaborative impact of bacterial exometabolites governing root microbiota formation
Authors: Kareem Hafiz Abdul , Hao Xinwei , Shen Xihui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe majority of the root microbiota formation derives from soil-dwelling microorganisms. The limited extent of thorough investigation leads to a dearth of knowledge concerning the intricate mechanisms of microbe-microbe interaction implicated in the establishment of root microbiota. Therefore, the taxonomic signatures in bacterial inhibition profiles were determined by in vitro testing of 39,204 binary interbacterial interactions. However, findings from genetic and metabolomic studies elucidated that co-functioning of the antimicrobial 2,4-d iacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) and the iron chelator pyoverdine as exometabolites has significantly contributed to the potent inhibitory activities of the highly antagonistic Pseudomonas brassicacearum R401. Microbiota restoration with a core of Arabidopsis thaliana root commensals showed that these exometabolites possess a root niche-specific function in establishing root competence and inducing anticipated changes in root surroundings. Both biosynthetic operons are abundant in roots in natural habitats, indicating that these exometabolites co-functioning is an adaptive feature that helps Pseudomonad dominate the root microbiota.