bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Strategies for Micro-elimination of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Roma Katerina , Hsu Mark , Khattak Adam , Gish Robert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hepatitis B (HBV) remains a health threat around the world. Hepatitis C is closer to meeting the World Health Organization’s 2030 elimination goal compared to HBV. To achieve a successful micro-elimination and macro-elimination, there are certain objectives that need to be met.

Recent Findings
HBV infects more than 262 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. There have been previous HBV and hepatitis C virus micro-elimination trials with varying success. Micro-elimination programs should be designed to move services forward with a plethora of avenues for monitoring, testing, and treatment.

Summary
Ultimately, successful and maintained micro-elimination is needed to achieve macro-elimination of HBV. Here, we propose 5 core tenets of micro-elimination that can be expanded to macro-elimination; these 5-line guidelines provide for 5 pillars of HBV management that support a path to a successful global elimination of HBV.
“It’s all part of the culture”: undergraduate students’ experiences of banter in university sports clubs and societies
Authors: Abell Loren , Buglass Sarah L. , Betts Lucy R. , Morohunfola Toluwani 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent research has focused on students’ experience of banter in the general university setting. However, these experiences may differ when specifically focusing on university students’ interactions in sports clubs and societies. The present study explored undergraduate students’ understanding and experiences of banter in sports clubs and societies through five focus groups (n = 24; 18–23 years, 5 male, 19 female) at one UK university using semi-structured interviews and vignettes. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: “It’s all part of the culture”, banter to excuse inappropriate behaviour, and a question of boundaries. Discussions highlighted banter was accepted and expected, but there was a sense of ‘banter fatigue’. There was awareness that banter could be used to mask harmful behaviour such as hazing and inappropriate sexual behaviour. Students also highlighted that boundaries were important when using banter, discussing how repetition can have a negative impact on the target of the banter. The study contributes to the limited literature exploring the use and perceptions of banter by students in extracurricular activities at university.
A remote sensing approach to estimate variable crop coefficient and evapotranspiration for improved water productivity in the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Mebrie Daniel Wonde , Assefa Tewodros T. , Yimam Abdu Y. , Belay Sisay A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProper and reasonable estimation of actual evapotranspiration is critical for the design, operation, and management of irrigation systems. However, the density of climatic stations is low in many parts of Ethiopia to estimate spatially reasonable reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and the lack of spatial variability of crop coefficient (Kc) is clear barrier to the proper management of irrigation water. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to estimate reasonable crop evapotranspiration (ETc) by deriving spatially and temporally varying crop coefficients using remote sensing products in 10 wheat plots at the Koga irrigation scheme. The moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) potential evapotranspiration was calibrated at two class-I climate stations (Bahir Dar and Dangila) based on Penman–Monteith estimates and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was derived from Sentinel 2B, which was later used to derive Kc. The correlation between reference evapotranspiration from MODIS Penman Monteith was acceptable for both Dangila (R2 = 0.64) and Bahir Dar (R2 = 0.74) stations. The MODIS calibration constant for Koga irrigation schemes was 0.27 and 1.99 (regression slope and constant) on an 8-day basis. Similarly, a strong correlation (R2 = 0.95) was found between Sentinel-based NDVI and FAO crop coefficient, which indicated an alternative pathway for estimating crop coefficient. The value of Kc varies in space (across the 10 plots) from 0.16 to 0.42 at the initial stage and from 1.20 to 1.32 at the mid-stage. Similarly, the mean value of Kc varies in time from 0.29 at the initial stage to 1.26 at the mid-stage. On the other hand, evaluation of MODIS and WaPOR ETc found a significant difference (p < 0.05) with the calibrated MODIS-Sentinel 2B derived ETc. This indicated the need to calibrate both MODIS and WaPOR for the proper estimation of crop water needs. Underestimation of ET was observed from MODIS, and the reverse is true for WaPOR. Our findings showed that calibrating and integrating MODIS with Sentinel 2B would be a feasible approach to estimate Kc and hence ETc that varies in time and space. This would assist water managers in estimating crop water needs for better productivity in the region.
Structure and properties of biogenic hydroxyapatite bioceramics modified by graphene-like structures
Authors: Iatsenko A. , Sych O. , Synytsia A. , Zaremba P. , Zahorodnia S. , Nikolenko A. , Tomila T. , Bykov O. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractToday bone tissue engineering is one of the most used technologies for treat bones injure. Materials containing hydroxyapatite and graphene have received much attention recently. The aim of this study was preparation of biogenic hydroxyapatite bioceramics modified by graphene-like structures investigation effect of graphene on the structure and properties of material. Biogenic hydroxyapatite bioceramics modified by graphene-like structures were successfully prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Subsequently, microstructure, composition, specific surface area, skeleton density, resorption rate in physiological solution and cytotoxicity were evaluated. XRD, IR spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy and SEM proved graphene oxide’s formation on biogenic hydroxyapatite as well as on silica single crystal for comparison. Although the coating of graphene-like structures on biogenic hydroxyapatite bioceramics reduces the specific surface area, it allows to 4 times increase resorption rate of biogenic hydroxyapatite bioceramics in physiological solution and does not affect the overall assessment of the cytotoxicity. MTT assay established non-cytotoxic effect and indicated a high potential of biogenic hydroxyapatite bioceramics modified by graphene-like structures using CVD method for medical application.
Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of freshwater Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)
Authors: Bao Dan-Feng , Hyde Kevin D. , Maharachchikumbura Sajeewa S. N. , Perera Rekhani H. , Thiyagaraja Vinodhini , Hongsanan Sinang , Wanasinghe Dhanushka N. , Shen Hong-Wei , Tian Xing-Guo , Yang Li-Quan , Nalumpang Sarunya , Luo Zong-Long 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHypocreomycetidaeis a highly diverse group with species from various habitats. This subclass has been reported as pathogenic, endophytic, parasitic, saprobic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, algicolous, coprophilous and insect fungi from aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In this study, we focused on freshwater fungi ofHypocreomycetidaewhich resulted 41 fresh collections from China and Thailand. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 26 species that belong to two orders (HypocrealesandMicroascales) and six families (Bionectriaceae,Halosphaeriaceae,Microascaceae,Nectriaceae,SarocladiaceaeandStachybotryaceae). Ten new species are introduced and 13 new habitats and geographic records are reported.Mariannaea superimposita, Stachybotrys chartarumandS. chlorohalonatusare recollected from freshwater habitats in China. Based on phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS, SSU,rpb2 andtef1-α sequences data,Emericellopsisis transferred toHypocrealesgeneraincertae sedis;Pseudoacremoniumis transferred toBionectriaceae;Sedecimiellais placed inNectriaceae;NautosphaeriaandTubakiellaare excluded fromHalosphaeriaceaeand placed inMicroascalesgeneraincertae sedis; andFaurelinais excluded fromHypocreomycetidae.Varicosporellais placed underAtractiumas a synonym ofAtractium. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimates showed thatAscocodina,Campylospora,CornuvesicaandXenodactylariaceaeform distinct lineages inHypocreomycetidaeand they evolved in the family/order time frame. Hence, a new order (Xenodactylariales) and three new families (Ascocodinaceae,CampylosporaceaeandCornuvesicaceae) are introduced based on phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimations and morphological characters. Ancestral character state analysis is performed for different habitats ofHypocreomycetidaeincluding freshwater, marine and terrestrial taxa. The result indicates that marine and freshwater fungi evolved independently from terrestrial ancestors. The results further support those early diverging clades of this subclass, mostly comprising terrestrial taxa and freshwater and marine taxa have been secondarily derived, while the crown clade (Nectriaceae) is represented in all three habitats. The evolution of various morphological adaptations towards their habitual changes are also discussed.
High molecular risk variants, severe thrombocytopenia and large unstained cells count affect the outcome in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Kanduła Zuzanna , Janowski Michał , Więckowska Barbara , Paczkowska Edyta , Mroczkowska-Bękarciak Aleksandra , Sobas Marta , Lewandowski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2023

AbstractApart from the driver mutations, high molecular risk (HMR) variants and other factors have been reported to influence the prognosis of primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of laboratory and molecular characteristics at the time of diagnosis (TOD) on the PMF outcome. The study group consisted of 82 patients recruited from three Polish university centers. Among the driver mutations, only CALR type 1 positively influenced the overall survival (OS). The risk of progression to accelerated or blastic disease phase (AP/BP) did not depend on the driver mutation type, but was closely associated with the presence of HMR variants (p = 0.0062). The risk of death (ROD) was higher in patients with HMR variants (OR[95%CI] = 4.33[1.52;12.34], p = 0.0044) and in patients with a platelet count at the TOD between 50–100 G/L (HR[95%CI] = 2.66[1.11;6.35]) and < 50 G/L (HR[95%CI] = 8.44[2.50;28.44]). Median survival time was 7.8, 2.2 and 1.4 years in patients with large unstained cells (LUC) count of [0.0–0.2], (0.2–0.4] and > 0.4 G/L at the TOD, respectively. We found an unexpected, hitherto undescribed, association between LUC count at the TOD and PMF prognosis. Our analysis led to the following conclusions: in PMF patients at the TOD 1) the presence of HMR variants, especially combined, is associated with an increased risk of progression to the AP and BP, and shorter OS, 2) severe thrombocytopenia confers worse prognosis than the moderate one, 3) LUC count is closely related with the disease phase, and associated with the ROD and OS.
Multiplex real-time PCR FilmArray performance in the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis: lights and shadows
Authors: López Néstor , Cuesta Genoveva , Rodríguez-Vega Sara , Rosas Enric , Chumbita Mariana , Casals-Pascual Climent , Morata Laura , Vergara Andrea , Bodro Marta , Bosch Jordi , Herrera Sabina , Martínez Jose Antonio , Mensa Josep , Garcia-Vidal Carolina , Marcos María Ángeles , Vila Jordi , Soriano Alex , Puerta-Alcalde Pedro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the performance of the FilmArray (FA) meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel. Secondarily, we analyzed the false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) results, as well as the predictive values of the technique, regarding the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics.

Methods
FA is a multiplex real-time PCR detecting 14 of the most common ME pathogens in CSF. All FA performed at our hospital (2018–2022) were retrospectively reviewed. FA was compared to conventional techniques and its performance was assessed based on the final diagnosis of the episode.

Results
FA was performed in 313 patients with suspicion of ME. Most patients had altered mental status (65.2%) and fever (61%). Regarding CSF characteristics, 49.8% and 53.7% presented high CSF proteins and pleocytosis, respectively. There were 84 (26.8%) positive FA results, mainly for HSV-1 (10.9%), VZV (5.1%), Enterovirus (2.6%), and S. pneumoniae (1.9%). In the 136 cases where both FA and routine methods were performed, there was a 25.7% lack of agreement. We identified 6.6% FN results, but 28.6% FP, mainly due to HSV-1. This resulted in a high negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.4%, but a positive predictive value (PPV) of 73%. Remarkably, PPV as low as 36.9%, and 70.2%, were found in cases without pleocytosis, or lack of high CSF protein levels, respectively.

Conclusion
FA was associated with high NPV, but frequent FP results and low PPV, particularly for HSV-1, and especially in patients without high CSF protein levels or pleocytosis.
Influence of edge-deposited layers on mechanical and corrosion properties of laser beam welds of 15 mm thick AISI 2205 duplex stainless steel
Authors: Straße Anne , Gumenyuk Andrey , Rethmeier Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAISI 2205 duplex stainless steel is used in a variety of industries, including the chemical and petrochemical industries. This is due to its high tensile strength combined with good ductility and corrosion resistance. However, in laser beam welding, these properties are negatively affected by the high cooling rates typical of the welding process. The resulting higher ferrite content in the weld metal than in the base material leads to a reduction in the ductility and corrosion resistance of the welded joint. To overcome this problem, in this study, thick plates were coated by direct energy deposition (DED) prior to laser beam welding, whereas a duplex powder mixture containing a higher nickel concentration was used as a coating material. To improve the weld quality for the proposed two-step process, a method of additional material deposition instead of conventional tack weld was investigated. The resulting welded joints showed a well-balanced austenite to ferrite ratio and their properties and microstructure were verified by metallographic analysis, electron backscatter diffraction and Charpy impact testing. Using the standard ASTM G48 test method, it was found that the corrosion resistance of the welds was improved by a factor of four in average compared to the conventionally welded joints. The resulting properties, such as good ductility and corrosion resistance, of the welds with pre-coated edges showed good agreement with those of the base metal and confirmed the proposed two-step process as a promising alternative to the conventional approaches for welding thick duplex stainless steel plates.
Fracture-based modeling of heat-treated AZ91/AZE911 magnesium alloys for estimating high-cycle fatigue lifetime by Paris crack growth rate and striations spacing
Authors: Oliya Ahmad Yousefi Parchin , Parast Mohammad Sadegh Aghareb , Azadi Mohammad , Mokhtarishirazabad Mehdi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the present research, the fracture behavior of the AZ91 magnesium alloy is analyzed based on the striations spacing on the fracture surface for predicting the fatigue High-Cycle Fatigue lifetime. At first, equations and relations were extracted based on the Paris law. Then, striations spacing was measured using ImageJ software and field emission scanning electron microscope images of fracture surfaces of heat-treated Mg–Al–Zn alloys, containing and non-containing 1% rare earth elements (1% RE). Finally, constants of the Paris law were calculated and calibrated. Results showed that a 1% RE addition decreased the striations spacing and enhanced the fatigue resistance (between 14 and 40%). In addition, the lifetime scatter band and mean error decreased from ± 2.7X to ± 1.5X and from 150 to 33%, respectively, as the accuracy of the recommended model. Heat-treating transformed the continuous precipitations to blade-shaped precipitations on the Mg-matrix and decreased the grain size remarkably. The addition of 1% RE formed the new Al11RE3 phase and created a better distribution between the cast defects. In addition, fatigue striations in AZ91 alloy had more curvature and discontinuity and were more significant and coarser than those in AZE911 + 1% RE (AZE911) alloy.
Graphical abstract
Diversity, community structure, and quantity of eukaryotic phytoplankton revealed using 18S rRNA and plastid 16S rRNA genes and pigment markers: a case study of the Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Xu Shumin , Li Guihao , He Cui , Huang Yi , Yu Dan , Deng Huiwen , Tong Zhuyin , Wang Yichong , Dupuy Christine , Huang Bangqin , Shen Zhuo , Xu Jie , Gong Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding consistencies and discrepancies in characterizing diversity and quantity of phytoplankton is essential for better modeling ecosystem change. In this study, eukaryotic phytoplankton in the Pearl River Estuary, South China Sea were investigated using nuclear 18S rRNA and plastid 16S or 23S rRNA genes and pigment analysis. It was found that 18S abundance poorly explained the variations in total chlorophyll a (Chl-a). However, the ratios of log-transformed 18S abundance to Chl-a in the major phytoplankton groups were generally environment dependent, suggesting that the ratio has potential as an indicator of the physiological state of phytoplankton. The richness of 18S-based operational taxonomic units was positively correlated with the richness of 16S-based amplicon sequence variants of the whole phytoplankton community, but insignificant or weak for individual phytoplankton groups. Overall, the 18S based, rather than the 16S based, community structure had a greater similarity to pigment-based estimations. Relative to the pigment data, the proportion of haptophytes in the 18S dataset, and diatoms and cryptophytes in the 16S dataset, were underestimated. This study highlights that 18S metabarcoding tends to reflect biomass-based community organization of eukaryotic phytoplankton. Because there were lower copy numbers of plastid 16S than 18S per genome, metabarcoding of 16S probably approximates cell abundance-based community organization. Changes in biomass organization of the pigment-based community were sensitive to environmental changes. Taken together, multiple methodologies are recommended to be applied to more accurately profile the diversity and community composition of phytoplankton in natural ecosystems.
La cause de foi dans l’Inquisition espagnole
Authors: Dedieu Jean-Pierre , Knutsen Gunnar W. 
Published: August 2023

RésuméCet article se fonde, en premier lieu, sur des manuels manuscrits produits
et/ou utilisés par les inquisiteurs en Espagne pour leur usage quotidien. Il
s’appuie ensuite sur les traités latins que ces manuels citent en références,
qui nous ont permis d’avoir accès à l’arrière-plan théorique, théologique,
pastoral et philosophique sur lequel se fondait la pratique. Nous avons
également comparé la structure procédurale des procès originaux aux relations de
cause, ces rapports d’activité qui les résument où les inquisiteurs doivent
justifier leurs décisions auprès de leurs supérieurs. Nous établissons grâce à
cette double voie que la « cause de foi », qui est au cœur du travail
inquisitorial, doit être formalisée à deux niveaux : d’une part une procédure
judiciaire, qui commande la succession des opérations du procès ; d’autre part
un niveau sous-jacent – moins visible pour un lecteur actuel, mais fortement
articulé par l’appareil conceptuel décrit par les traités latins –, qui vise à
produire, non pas une vérité judiciaire, comme le premier, mais une vérité
pénitentielle. Le premier niveau est répressif, une fois le délit prouvé dans
les formes judiciaires. Le second niveau est intégratif, ecclésiastique et non
séculier ; il vise à réintégrer l’accusé au sein de l’Église catholique, même
lorsque le délit d’hérésie est judiciairement établi. Les inquisiteurs jouaient
sur ces deux niveaux avec souplesse, ce dont nous avions jusqu’ici du mal à
rendre compte. Envisagé sous cet angle, le souci que l’Inquisition exprime sans
cesse pour le bien-être spirituel de l’accusé ne peut plus être interprété comme
simple hypocrisie. Le procès de foi inquisitorial, commandé par une double
logique, est en équilibre instable, ce qui le rend particulièrement sensible aux
choix personnels, en termes techniques à l’« arbitraire », des juges. Nous
constatons qu’au fil du temps l’aspect pénitentiel prend de plus en plus
d’importance au détriment de la logique purement judiciaire. De nombreux indices
indiquent qu’une double logique de ce type commande également les procès
criminels d’autres juridictions – un aspect dont la prise en compte éclairerait
sans doute le fonctionnement global des institutions de résolution des conflits
à l’époque moderne.
Submesoscale Motions Driven by Down‐Front Wind Around an Anticyclonic Eddy With a Cold Core
Authors: Shang Xuekun , Shu Yeqiang , Wang Dongxiao , Yu Jiancheng , Mao Huabin , Liu Danian , Qiu Chunhua , Tang Haibo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamics and diurnal variations of submesoscale motions around an anticyclonic eddy with a cold core using observations and simulations. Glider observations reveal vigorous submesoscale motions within the mixed layer (ML) at the eddy periphery due to strong frontal structure. The main driving force behind these motions is external atmospheric forcing, especially down‐front wind, which injects negative Ertel potential vorticity (PV) into the ML, triggering frontal instability in the low‐PV layer. Observations indicate a regular diurnal cycle of submesoscale motions at the eddy periphery in the absence of strong daytime winds. During the night, cooling and winds inject negative PV, leading to instability, while daytime heating and weak winds contribute to restratification. However, the presence of strong down‐front winds during the day disrupts the regular diurnal cycle, causing frontal instability even during daylight hours. The observed eddy periphery is reconstructed in a turbulence‐resolving large‐eddy simulation, confirming and extending the observations. The combined results emphasize the crucial impact of atmospheric forcing, particularly down‐front wind, on the diurnal variations of submesoscale motions around abnormal anticyclonic eddies. Diurnal heat fluxes play a key role in maintaining the diurnal cycle of these motions, while transient strong down‐front winds are essential for breaking the regular cycle and rapidly triggering frontal instability.
Quantification of the Volcanic Carbon Dioxide in the Air of Vulcano Porto by Stable Isotope Surveys
Authors: Di Martino Roberto M. R. , Gurrieri Sergio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInjecting volcanic gas into the air leads to an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels compared with background concentrations and may establish gas hazard conditions. This study reports the results of five stable isotope (i.e., δ13C‐CO2 and δ18O‐CO2) surveys of airborne CO2 on Vulcano from August 2020 to November 2021. To measure CO2 in the air, a mobile laboratory was equipped with a laser‐based spectrophotometer that can selectively detect different CO2 isotopologues. Volcanic CO2 has a different isotopic signature than atmospheric CO2 and both δ13C‐CO2 and δ18O‐CO2 can help trace the injections of volcanic gases into the air. An isotopic mass balance model was developed for partitions CO2 between atmospheric background and volcanic CO2. The results of these studies show that volcanic CO2 emissions and atmospheric circulation deeply affected the concentration of CO2 in the air at Vulcano Porto. Studies of δ13C‐CO2 and δ18O‐CO2 provide an estimate of volcanic CO2 in the air. These results help identify spatially some points of interest for mitigating volcanic gas emission‐related hazards on Vulcano.