bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and evaluation a proniosomal gel for terbutaline sulfate as transdermal drug delivery system
Authors: Abdul Rasool Alaa A. , Abbas Haider Kadhum 
Published: August 2023

The rationale of the present study is to formulate and evaluate proniosomal formulations as transdermal carrier systems for terbutaline sulfate. Proniosomal formulations have been prepared from mixing of one or two types of surfactants (span 20, span 40 ,span 60 span 80 ,tween 20 , tween 40 , tween 60 and tween 80 ),cholesterol and soya bean lecithin . Different formulas of terbutaline sulfate proniosomal preparations were prepared by changing the surfactant type. The microscopic observations showed that proniosomal gel formulations immediately converted to niosomal dispersions upon hydration. Their morphological properties have been determined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The vesicle system was evaluated in-vitro for vesicle size, polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency of drug and permeation of terbutaline sulfate through excised rabbit skin. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope pictures showed spherical shaped for all niosomes formulations of terbutaline sulfate and the size range in micrometer were 8.82-0.294, while the encapsulation efficiencies were 88.06%-39.46%. In addition better permeation was obtained from proniosomal gel through rabbit skin.
علم الحيوان في التراث العربي الإسلامي
Authors: الكرباسي باقر محمد 
Published: August 2023

قد لايعرف كثير من ابناء الناطقين بالضاد ان العلماء العرب بحثوا في البيطرة وعلوم الحياة وسبروا اغوار هذين العلمين وبذلك كانوا الرواد الاوائل فيهما واللذان يعدان من اركان التقدم العلمي الحديث، وكانوا هم السباقين الى معرفة التصنيف الاحيائي وقضايا التطور والوراثة واساليب معيشة الحيوانات وسلوكها ([i]) , ووضعوا المبادئ الاولى عن علوم النبات واختصوا في وصفها ووضع كل علم في مجموعته، اذ ان الحضارة الاسلامية تشغل مكانة مرموقة في تاريخ البشرية حيث توضح ذلك بجلاء خلال السنوات الاخيرة، ولاسيما بعد كشف دور العلماء العرب في تطور مفهوم العلوم التطبيقية التي اشتقت لها طرقا ومسالك جديدة في كل العصور والتزال حية الى الوقت الحاضر ، ونعني بذلك علوم الطب والصيدلة والبيطرة وعلوم الحيوان والنبات والكيمياء وعلم الارض ([ii]).
Effect the powderd Nigella sativa L. seeds supplementation in hens layer diet on egg characteristics and some biochemical blood parameters
Authors: AL-Fuhri Mahasin A. , AL-Zuhairi Zahira A. 
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was the study the effect of supplementation of hens layer ration with 3% of Nigella sativa seeds on egg characteristics and some biochemical blood parameters . Atotal of 40 Isa brown birds of 30 at age were randomly divided into two groups(20 hens for each group) .The first group (control) feeding on standerd diet along the expermintal period .The second group (treatment) feeding on standerd diet with 3% of Nigella sativa along the expermintal period . The chemical egg charactaries included the percentage of chemical analysis for white and egg yolk in the two groups were moisture,ash,lipid,protein, charbohydrates, cholesterol concentration,high density lipo protein,low density lipo protein and free fatty acid in egg yolk. The biochemical blood parameters included cholesterol concentration ,high and low density lipo proteins ,total protein,uric acid concentration and liver enzymes concentration GOT,GPT,ALP. The data showed there was no significant differences(p>0.05) in the percentage of chemical analysis of egg white between two groups and in the percentage of moisture and ash in the egg yolk in the two treatments.highly significant in the charbohydrates and protein in the egg yolk in the group which treated with 3% of Nigella sativa. The data obtained to the significant reduction in the cholesterol concentration and free fatty acid and low density lipo protein in egg yolk in the treatment group compared with control,higly significant (p<0.05) in high density lipo proteins in the egg yolk of treatment group. In the biochemical blood parameters the result showed to the present of significant reduction in the cholesterol concentration ,low density lipoproteins and liver enzymes GOT,GPT and highly significant in high density lipoproteins,total blood protein and ALP enzyme in the treatment group compared with the control. This study showed to that the addition of 3%Nigella sativa seeds to the hens layer ration lead to reduction in the cholesterol concentration and lipid in eggs and blood and increase in protein concentration in egg and blood .The use of Nigella sativa as feed additives lead to improved the productional and physiological performance in the poultry,in addition to that the safe the customer from the artificial and the chemical materials which added to the poultry ration for improve the production from egg and meat.
The Effect of Zingiber Officinali Roots Infusion On Some Physiological Parameters In Broiler Chickens
Authors: Hussein AL-Moramadhi Suha Allawi 
Published: August 2023

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Zingiber Officinali roots infusion on some physiological parameters in broilers. 40 birds at age one day were divided into two groups (each group has 20 birds) : 1 .Control group administrated distal water. 2. The treatment group administrated the infusion of Zingiber officinali roots orally at dose 100 mg/kg.B.W. for 6 weeks . At the end of experiment , blood samples were taken from brachial vein from ten birds of each groups for hematological and biochemical tests. The following physiological parameters were studied: Hemoglobin concentration , packed cell volume , glucose concentration, cholesterol concentration , body weight and food intake. The results showed significant increase (P < 0.05)in hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in treatment group that compared with control , and there was significant decrease (P < 0.05) in cholesterol and glucose concentration in serum of treatment group that compared with control , however . There was no significant effect of Zingiber officinali roots infusion on body weight and food intake.
Analgesic activity of Trigonella foenium graceum (TFG) and Emblica officinalis (EO) extracts in white mice in comparison with diclofenac (Voltaren®)
Authors: S. Ibrahem Auroba M. , A. Al-Abassi Nibras N. , Chyad Amer H. 
Published: August 2023

Present study aimed to explore the ability of Trigonella foenium graceum (TFG) and Emblica officinalis (EO) extracts inducing the analgesic effect in comparison with diclofenac acid, Analgesic activity was assessed thermally as well as chemically induced pain by using hot plate test and formalin test. For hot plate experiment twenty albino mice were used of average weight 20g, randomly divided into four groups (5 each) and given TFG and EO extracts and diclofenac acid and mixture of TFG and EO orally at doses of 50mg/kg B.W, 250mg/kg B.W, 2mg/kg B.W and mixture of half doses of TFG and EO (25mg/kg B.W and 125mg/kg B.W respectively. TFG and EO extracts apart caused a significant increase in the reactive time to the thermal stimulus.For formalin experiment twenty five mice were used of average weight 20gm, randomly divided into five groups (5 each) and given TFG and EO extracts apart and mixture of half doses of both orally at same doses mentioned in hot plate experiment before the injection of 10 microliter ( μL) of 2% of formalin have showed a significant antinociceptive effect at the phases (early and late) and this may be attributed to their inhibitory effect on the nociceptive system and inflammatory mediators.
Morphological and microscopical comparison features of bacillus cereus isolates
Authors: Abd Abdul-Hadi A. , Abdul-AlElah Nadia Ibrahim , Ddd Osama Abdul-AlRazak 
Published: August 2023

Fifty seven samples of milk and infant formula were taken to isolate Bacillus cereus. The percentage of these bacteria was 6.5% and 15% in milk and 22.2% in infant formula. Polymyxine pyruvate egg yolk mannitol bromothymol blue agar (PEMBA) and blood agar were conducted to grow B. cereus in this study. Colony morphology onPEMBA and Blood agar were used along with gram staining and spore staining methods to compare the morphological and microscopically features with the standard strain. The importance of intensity and severity of this organism in food poisoning due to ingestion of incriminated milk and milk products led to this study. The understanding of the presence and distribution of B. cereus discovered the contamination spots inBaghdad markets and the farms inBaghdad districts to make the authorities able to diagnose these contamination areas in order to control and prevent the infection. The aim of this study is to reveal the availability of B. cereus in milk and infant formula in the local dairy farms and the markets of the districts inBaghdad.
Effect of Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis) on broiler performance
Authors: Abdul-ALWahab Husam Muhsin 
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis on body weight gain , some serum parameter and salmonella colonization of cecum in broiler chicks.One hundred fifty 1 day old male broiler chicks (Ross breed) were used in experiment ,the chicks were allocated into three groups and the first group as a control in randomized design(basal diet) , the second group ( basal diet with 1% saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis) ,and the third group ( basal diet with 2% saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis) birds in each group were fed ad libitum for a period of 38 days. The result showed that supplementation of saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis 1% and 2% to the basal diet decrease cholesterol significantly ( p≤0.05) at 29 and 38 days and increase total protein p≤0.05)at 39 days , with no significant differences in another in blood parameters such as blood glucose and albumin. Body weight of treated groups significantly different( p≤0.05) at 29 and 38 days of age compared with control group. The results showed that saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis decreased the number of Salmonella count of the cecal content of treated groups(38 days old) than control.
Protective effect of captopril against methotrexate- induced nephrotoxicity in mice
Authors: R. AL-Nailey Atiaf G. 
Published: August 2023

The present study was designed to investigate some histopathological changes produced by methotrexate on kidney in mice and extended to examine whether there using captopril have ability to reduce this toxicity.Forty mice(20 male and 20 femel) were divided in to 4 groups . The first group received 10mg/kg B.W. of methotrexate I/M twice weekly. The second group received 60mg/kg B.W. of captopril and then received methotrexate. While the third group received captopril alone,While fourth group (control group) received normal saline and the study was continued for (30 days). Animals which were treated with methotrexate only along the period of experiment showed sever pathological changes, characterized by severe tubular necrosis ,atrophy of glomeruli and dilatation of tubules.Where as oral administration of captopril significantly(p<0.01) reduced these changes .The protective activity of captopril has been resumed via diminishing the renal histopathological changes which associated with methotrexate Toxicity.while there were insignificant differentiated (P<0.01) between the control group and the group recieve of captopril alone.
Bacterial isolation from burn wound infections and studying their antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Alwan Mohammed J. , Lafta Inam Jasim , Hamzah Aseel M. 
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out to determine the bacterial isolates and study their antimicrobial susceptibility in case of burned wound infections. 70 burn wound swabs were taken from patients, who presented invasive burn wound infection from both sex and average age of 3-58 years, admitted to teaching medical Al- Kendi hospital from October 2007 to June 2008. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the most common isolate (48.9%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%), Citrobacter braakii (13.3%), Enterobacter spp. (11.1%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (11.1%), Proteus vulgaris (6.66%), Corynebacterium spp. (6.66%), Micrococcus (6.66%), Proteus mirabilis (4.44%), Enterococcus faecalis (4.44%), E.coli (4.44%), Klebsiella spp. (2.22%), Bacillus spp. (2.22%), Serratia macerscens (2.22%) and Serratia rubidia (2.22%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out to the bacterial isolates against 8 antibiotics, in which ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective drug against most of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates followed by amikacin, while chloramphenicol and gentamicin were less sensitive to few isolates as well as as doxycycline, as compared with the other two, mentioned previously. Oxacillin was the worst at all.
Study to evaluation the Camel milk effect to inhibition Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. in patients with gingivitis
Authors: Hussein Hayfaَa Jaber 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to detect the ability of Camel milk composition to control two main causative bacteria of gingivitis in human being 35 swaps taken from the patient gum ,50 isolation of bacteria would be diagnosed by slandered methods, 32 isolates were identified as Streptococcus spp. and 18 isolation from Staphylococcus spp. other statistically lower ratios were discarded. The bacteria treated by different concentrations of Camel milk (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) . The results showed ,there is no effect of 5% concentration on the bacteria growth , while 10% , 20% concentrations where lead to inhibition of growth bacteria 15.6% , 16.6% , 56.25% , 66.6% respectively and which the 30%. Concentrated of Camel milk completely inhibition of all strains of two types of bacteria 100% .
Effect of addition of garlic and black cumin on some broiler performance
Authors: Shamsa Mujeeb T. 
Published: August 2023

This study was carried out to evaluate of dietary addition of garlic and black cumin on some production characteristics Ross broiler performance. The results showed significant variation in food consumption among the studied group, where the black cumin group show lowest food consumption followed by garlic and control group in means of 1897, 1926 and2108 gmrespectively. The addition of black cumin and garlic lead to decrease the food conversion ratio 2.29 and 2.32 respectively in comparing with control group 2.39. In other hand the results showed significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in the mean level of total protein and glucose in birds when fed with garlic powder 4%, while there were no significant variation in means of albumin, cholesterol and heart weight with significant decrease in the liver weight in chick treated with black cumin and garlic.
The protective role of onion oil (Allium cepa L.)extract on some physiological parameters on Streptozotocin induced diabetes in male mice
Authors: Abd Al-Ameer Hanaa Abd Al-Abass 
Published: August 2023

This study was carried out to investigate the most effective compound Extracted from approved selected anti diabetic plants on blood glucose, Serum insulin, lipid profile level and protective effect against oxidative stress in Streptozotoci induced diabetic male mice. 30 albino male mice were divided into 3 groups 10 mice each one. Group 1 normal control, group2 diabetic control, Group3 received essential onion oil (50mg/kg B.w. orally),at the end of experiment Blood glucose, insulin levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were estimated. Oxidative stress biomarkers represented in the Amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide were Determined. Liver and kidney removed for histopathological examination. the Results is isolated compound(onion oil) improved diabetes status but the most potent was observed as anti diabetic& antioxidant effect. These results suggest that administration of the onion oil used as antidiabetic agent And improved diabetic status.
Pathological change in mice after oral administration of egg raw from experimentally infected chicken with Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Al-Rubaiey Methaq G. , Al-Shabani Zainab J. , H. Suhair Ali 
Published: August 2023

This study was done to determine the role of egg in transmission of Listeria monocytogenes, for this reason layer were infected orally with Listeria monocytogenes and after 30 days the microorganism appear in the eggs, then thirty (30) mice were obtained and split to two groups the first (20) mice were administrated 0.2 ml egg row that contain 106 CFU Listeria monocytogenes orally, and the second group (10) mice were administrated 0.2 ml sterile normal saline orally, Then animals sacrificed in 6 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, then 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13 days post administration. The results shown that the Listeria monocytogenes isolated from the intestine and also from other internal organs like liver, spleen and kidney, and the psthological results revealed that severe inflammatory cells infiltration with degenerative changes in all examined organs. We concluded that the Listeria monocytogenes was virulent and infect the mice and give a subclinical disease that approved by the isolation of the microorganism and pathologic feature give the indication that Listeria monocytogenes transmitted by egg and still virulent and have the ability to multiply and invade the internal organs.
Effect of concentration of dietary Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) on chickens blood parameters in summer season
Authors: Mehdi Basim Ibrahim 
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary aspirin on some chickens blood parameters includes Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Hemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), Sodium and Potassium concentrations in summer season. A 180 chicks 7 days old were used as an experimental animals and distributed into four treatments (45 chicks per treatment ), T1 chicks fed a diet without aspirin (control) , chicks in T2 fed a diet supplemented with 0.05 % aspirin, chicks in T3 fed a diet supplemented with 0.1 % aspirin, chicks in T4 fed a diet supplemented with 0.2 % aspirin. Each treatment subdivided into three replicates and each replicate reared in 1 X1 mpen . The data obtained revealed the following : T1chicks had high blood parameters values, PCV were 35.4 and 36.8 %, Hb were 7.3 and 8.5 mg /100 ml, RBCs were 34.7 and 36.9 million cell / ml, WBCs were 24.1 and 25.8 thousand cell / ml at 4 and 7 weeks of age respectively, adding 0.2 % of aspirin to the diet (T4) rebalance blood parameters values through decreased PCV which were 34.1 and 34.8 %, Hb were 6.8 and 7.4 mg /100 ml, RBCs were 33.6 and 34.3 million cell / ml, WBCs were 22.6 and 23.2 thousand cell / ml at 4 and 7 weeks of age respectively. Adding 0.2 % of aspirin to the diet increased significantly (P<0.01) blood serum sodium and potassium concentrations, no differences in blood parameters values were appeared due to adding 0.05 and 0.1 % of aspirin to the diet (T2 and T3), which indicated the importance of dietary 0.2 % of aspirin to rebalance blood parameters values and reducing heat stress during summer season.
The effect of cinnamonum aqueous extract on the experimental infection with S.typhimurium & productive parameters &some biochemical blood parameters in broilers
Authors: Hdfgnsse A. Abdul Aziz , Al-Tebary A. S. 
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted to detect the inhibitory effect of the cinnamon aqueous extract on the Salmonella typhymurium infection of broiler chicks. A total of 60 Hubbard flex broiler chicks one day old have been raised for 35 days all chicks infected with S.typhimurium(3X104 )cfu\ml orally at third day of age , randomly divided in to two groups first group is the treatment group(T) received the aqueous extract while the second group conceders as control (C). The results showed significant increasing(p<0.05)for group T in weight gain and feed consumption as compared with control ,also there is an improvement in feed conversion ratio & decreasing in mortality rate but its not significant, the total cholesterol & glucose level significantly decreases while total protein & globulin significantly increased,but no significant differences between tow groups in the concentration of albumin, calcium and phosphorus ,the results showed that the bacterial count decreased significantly at 10,20 days of age for the cecal content count and cloacal swabs samples and decreased numerically at day 20 of age for the cloacal swabs samples, we can conclude that cinnamonum aqueous extract have positive effects of some of the productivity and biochemical parameters and its negative effect on the S. typhimurium.
Effect of sulphuric acid and formalin on sporulation of Eimeria bovis oocysts
Authors: A'aiz Noaman N. 
Published: August 2023

Eimeria bovis oocysts were isolated and identified after obtained the fecal sample from infected calf. Three different concentrations of sulphuric acid and of formalin were examining to observe their effect on E.bovis oocysts sporulation in addition to 2.5% potassium dichromate as a control. All different concentrations of both chemical solutions (sulphuric acid and formalin) were induced the sporulation of oocyst in addition to the control group (potassium dichromate).
Comparison the effect of Various Cinnamon plant Extracts with Metformin in Blood Glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic laboratory rats
Authors: Ali Hassan Wasfi Rafid Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

The present study aime to compare the hypoglycemic activity of blood sugar of three types of cinnamon plant extract.Which is methanol,hexane and chloroform extract with metformin drug which is used for type 2 diabetic mellitus in laboratory rats of . The study showed presence of significant p≥0.05 hypoglycemic activity in all cinnamon plant extracts compared with control group.The result also showed highly significant p≥0.05 hypoglycemic activity of hexane extract compared with metformin drug than other extracts after (4,6,9)hr of the treatment.
Evaluation of inhibitory activity of extracts of Apium gravelens, Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum against number of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Mahdi Osama S. 
Published: August 2023

Natural resources especially plants are useful bactericides for the control of bacterial infection .To evaluate the antibacterial potential of three types of plants, essential oils were extracted from the seeds of Apium gravelens, Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum and assayed in vitro for antibacterial activity aganist most prevalent pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.,Escherishia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 37 º C and 25 ºC.The antimicrobial effect was assessed using agar diffusion method by applying ethanolic solutions of extracts using it in two different temperatures 37 ºC and 25 ºC. The result shows that the extract of Apium gravelens, Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum alcoholic extract at 25 ºC exhibited an inhibition zone on S. aureus in the concentration 200 mg/ml and had a exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that produced by gentamicine,also the extract of Apium gravelens at 25 ºC in the concentration 100 mg/ml had a significant antibacterial activity on S. aureus, and the extract of Apium gravelens alcoholic extract at 25 ºC and 37 ºC pronounced antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the concentration 100 and 200 mg/ml respectively moreover the inhibition produced by gentamicine. While the antibacterial effect Apium gravelens and Coriandrum sativum at 37 ºC on S. aureus in the concentration 200 mg/ml show very similar effect with gentamicine. The antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp.and E. coli were moderate in action It was found that the investigated extracts of Apium gravelens , Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum were exhibited a considerable inhibitory effect against S. aureus and extracts of Apium gravelens and Coriandrum sativum against P. aerogene. The significant antibacterial activity appears promising.