bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Ciprofloxacin- and Azithromycin-Resistant Genes among Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Human Blood
Authors: Dola Nigha Zannat , Shamsuzzaman S. M. , Islam Saiful , Rahman Asma , Mishu Nafisa Jabin , Nabonee Modina Ansaree 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context:

Salmonella Typhi has developed resistance to different groups of antibiotics.

Aims:
The purpose of the present study was to assess the distribution of ciprofloxacin- and azithromycin-resistant genes among Salmonella Typhi isolated from human blood.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh from July 2019–June 2020.

Subjects and Methods:
Clinically suspected enteric fever patients, irrespective of age and gender, who attended the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and outpatient department of Medicine of tertiary care hospital. Blood culture and sensitivity tests were done. The positive growth of Salmonella Typhi was identified by Gram staining, colony morphology, and biochemical test. Then, Salmonella Typhi was identified by using Salmonella-specific antisera. Final identification was made by using 16s rRNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was also done to detect quinolone and azithromycin resistance genes.

Results:
A total number of 83 samples yielded positive cultures, of which 50 isolated organisms were identified as Salmonella species; however, among these isolates, Salmonella Typhi was detected in 40 (48.2%) isolates. Among 12 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, 8 (66.67%) were positive for the gyrA gene, 1 (8.33%) was positive for the qnrB gene and qnrS gene, 2 (16.67%) were positive for aac (6´)-Ib-cr. Among 12 azithromycin-resistant isolates, 2 (16.66%) were positive for mphA and mefA genes, respectively.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the gyrA, aac (6´)-Ib-cr, mphA, and mefA genes are found for the first time in tertiary care hospitals from the quinolones and azithromycin-resistant Salmonella Typhi.
When Clinico-Morphological and Molecular Studies Tell Different Stories: A Case of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Jain Niharika , Gautam Parul , Tiwari Atul , Mittal Anjana , Gupta Naveen , Yadav Mohan Lal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by cytopenias, dysplasia in one or more of the major myeloid cell lines, ineffective hematopoiesis, with cellular marrow, and risk for leukemic transformation. We present a case of a 66-year-old male with a history of multiple packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. Routine investigations, bone marrow aspiration, and biopsy were done. The clinical and morphological findings raised suspicion of MDS with isolated del (5q), so cytogenetics was done. When cytogenetics was done, there was a big mismatch in finding between clinical, morphological, and molecular findings which brought a major change in prognosis as well as treatment. It is, therefore, very essential to not rely only on the clinical and morphological findings to reach a diagnosis. Molecular findings play a pivotal role to come to a final conclusion.
The Effect of Sleep Quality and Mental Fatigue on the Learning Rate of Shift Workers with Fast Shift Work Rotation
Authors: Naeini Seyedeh A. B. , Habibi Ehsanollah , Shokrolahi Ismail 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Modern industrial societies are always prone to errors and accidents due to complex devices, multitasking, and shift work jobs. Therefore, behavioral tests in learning and memory are necessary to evaluate employees' perceptions to examine the brain's information processing and the physiological and psychological aspects of memory disorders.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, the effect of fast shift rotation, sleep quality, and mental fatigue on individuals' learning and memory was investigated using a maze device. Participants were divided into two groups (regular daytime workers and shift workers). The quality of sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the rate of mental fatigue was evaluated using a checklist published by the Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association.

Results:
Learning time and the number of learning errors at the beginning and end of the morning shifts and night shifts had a significant relationship (P value <0.0001). However, there was no meaningful relationship between sleep quality and time and the number of learning errors in day workers and shift workers.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that although shift workers experience rapid shift rotation, they are still exposed to this circadian sleep change's side effects such as general physical fatigue, sensory-neurological fatigue, poor perceived sleep quality, daily dysfunction, difficulty in learning, and memory. They show a significant difference compared to people working on a regular workday.
Effect of Full-Face and Half-Face Helmet on Functional Vision and Visual Reaction Time
Authors: Kazi Farhatbee N. , Korani Hiral , Chande Prema 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Motorcycle helmets are one of the most important protective gears in the automotive industry. However, some riders think they hinder their vision, which leads to helmet non-compliance. Hence, thorough research is required to evaluate the same.

Aim and Objective:
To assess the effect of full-face and half-face helmets on functional vision and visual reaction time (VRT).

Setting and Study Design:
Comparative experimental crossover study.

Methods:
The subjects aged between 18 and 35 years and who gave written consent to participate were included. Functional vision and VRT were assessed with and without the helmets. Helmets tested included a full-face helmet and a half-face helmet.

Results:
A total of 52 subjects aged 20 ± 1.5 years, participated in the study. Of those, 16 were males and 36 were females. The mean stereopsis without any helmet was 44.42 ± 6.3 arcs of second that reduced to 60.57 ± 13.34 arcs of second with a full-face helmet and to 60.38 ± 14.27 arcs of second with a half-face helmet. Repeated-measure analysis of variance showed a significant reduction in stereopsis in both types of helmets (P < 0.05) as compared to without a helmet. However, contrast sensitivity, VRT, and visual field did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) when compared to the baseline or within the helmet types.

Conclusion:
The visor significantly affects the stereopsis while viewing through it. The study did not find the exact cause of this reduction, and hence, further evaluation is recommended.
The Mental Health of Health Care Workers in the UK During COVID-19
Authors: Chotalia Ravi , Abbas Mohammed J. , Aggarwal Alisha 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of health care workers (HCWs).

Aim:
This study investigated the mental health of HCWs working in Leicester, UK during COVID-19.

Settings:
Two hospital trusts in Leicester, UK.

Methods:
An online survey was sent to HCWs in two trusts in July 2020. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale (PHQ-9) were used to measure the prevalence rates of anxiety and depression. The Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) was used to measure levels of perceived stress. Other questions were used to identify the prevalence of increased alcohol intake and possible risk factors.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 1009 HCWs completed the survey. Using a cutoff score of 5 (mild symptoms), for both GAD-7 and PHQ-9, 80.2% of participants had at least one condition and 71.5% had both. Using the cutoff score of 10 (moderate/severe symptoms), 27.2% had at least one condition and 27.25% had both conditions. In addition, 37.5% of those who did not report pre-existing mental health conditions now have at least one condition. About 33.6% of participants reported an increase in alcohol consumption. A number of risk factors were identified: having less social support, not feeling supported at work, and poor pre-existing mental health.

Conclusions:
The pandemic had a significant impact on mental health of HCWs. Health organizations need to monitor and address these emerging effects.
Prescription analysis of rheumatology and endocrinology departments of a teaching hospital in Western India
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Jaiswal Sanjay , Shyam Sharan 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Prescription analysis is the simplest method to observe the current treatment practice in any health-care setting. Biopharmaceuticals are a class of drugs that hold great promise in treating diseases. In recent years, there has been an increase in their consumption. The present analysis was carried out to obtain data on the prescribing patterns and the prevalence of the use of biologics in two departments of a tertiary care hospital through a cross-sectional study.

Methodology:
The study was conducted as an observational study in the departments of rheumatology and endocrinology of a tertiary care hospital in western India. Data were collected from the prescription notebooks or medical case sheets of patients on treatment in the outpatient departments (OPDs) or wards by the rheumatologists or endocrinologists of the hospital. The World Health Organization core drug use indicators for drug prescription analysis were calculated.

Results:
A total of 4684 drugs had been prescribed in the 874 patient encounters analyzed with the average number of drugs per prescription being 5.36. While 13.3% of prescriptions in the rheumatology department contained a biologic, more than 55% of prescriptions in the endocrinology department contained a biologic. The commonly used biologics were infliximab and etanercept in the rheumatology department and insulin analogs in the endocrinology department.

Conclusion:
The use of eight types of biologics in rheumatoid arthritis patients in this study is an indicator of active monitoring of the disease and early intervention. The present study has brought out the rational use of biologics such as infliximab and etanercept in rheumatology and insulin analogs in the endocrinology departments of the hospital.
The role of lipid profile as an early indicator of preeclampsia
Authors: Gupta Jeevika , Soni Monica , Charaya Harsha , Nayak Asmita 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Preeclampsia is called the “disease of theories” because its direct cause is still debated. Among all maternal deaths worldwide, 19% of deaths are due to hypertension during pregnancy (World Health Organization 2014). Early diagnosis and management remain the cornerstone in the management of preeclampsia. Estimation of serum lipid profile early in pregnancy could help to identify high-risk cases prone to preeclampsia, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia. The study aimed to determine the role of serum lipid profile in the early prediction of preeclampsia.

Methodology:
This was a hospital-based prospective study done among pregnant women with a period of gestation of 20 ± 1 week enrolled after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria and informed consent and institutional ethical committee approval, samples for lipid profile were taken. Patients were divided into two groups (100 each) based on lipid profile – Group A: normal lipid profile and Group B: abnormal lipid profile. Both groups were followed and closely observed for the development of hypertension, albuminuria, and signs and symptoms of preeclampsia. Data were collected and systematically analyzed.

Results:
In Group A, eight participants developed preeclampsia, whereas in Group B, 27 participants developed preeclampsia during the study period. The difference was found statistically significant (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
In our study, it was observed that dyslipidemia in pregnancy is positively associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.
Comparison of forearm muscle fatigue among apparently healthy young adults with and without diabetogenic genes
Authors: Pradeep Leander , Jyothish U Karthika , Fernando Rajesh Jeniton , Ravichandran Kandasamy , Das Subhasis 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Diabetes is primarily a genetic disorder. Whether the forearm muscle fatigue, handgrip strength (HGS), and phase angle difference between young adults with diabetic genes and their counterparts are not known. We designed a cross-sectional study to compare these variables among young healthy adults with diabetic parents in one group and nondiabetic parents in the other.

Methodology:
Forearm muscle fatigue, HGS, and phase angle were measured in 60 young healthy adults aged 18 to 23 years with body mass index between 18 and 23.4. Among them, 30 had at least one parent who had been a diabetic for more than 3 years and the other thirty had nondiabetic parents (both parents having fasting blood sugar <100 mg/dl).

Results:
The continuous variables between the groups, which were normally distributed, were analyzed using the independent sample t-test. Data that were nonnormally distributed were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Forearm muscle fatigue of young adults with diabetic parents increased significantly compared to their counterparts (P = 0.005). HGS was greater among adults with nondiabetic parents compared to adults with diabetic parents, although this was not statistically significant. Phase angle did not show any significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion:
A simple noninvasive measurement like forearm muscle fatigue is found to be increased among young healthy adults with diabetogenic genes when compared to their counterparts without diabetogenic genes. Prospective studies need to be performed to show increased muscle fatigue as a predictor of future incidence of diabetes.
Exploring the discrimination and stigma faced by transgender in Chennai city–A community-based qualitative study
Authors: Kumar Gayathri , Suguna A , Suryawanshi Deodatt M. , Surekha A , Rajaseharan Divya , Gunasekaran Kalaipriya 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Transgender people experience widespread prejudice discrimination, violence and other harms of stigma and trans-phobia (dislike of or prejudice against trans-sexual or transgender people). To study various modes in which transgenders experience the stigma and discrimination and to understand situations and circumstances under which they are vulnerable toward stigma and discrimination.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a mixed-method study which was conducted during the months of January to June 2019 among 43 study participants. Focus group discussion and in-depth interview was conducted with these participants with subsequent transcription. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used for analysis.

Results:
Transgenders face discrimination and stigma in various setting including education, employment, healthcare, and various public setting. Difficulties in getting government identity cards (ID), facing difficulties in changing ID cards after transition, discrimination in getting bank loan, homelessness, travelling rejections were considered as major obstacles and discrimination by the study participants.

Conclusion:
Multilevel interventions are needed for transgender populations, including legal protections, improvement of various settings. Inclusive measures should be taken to improve their status focusing on social stigma coupled with psychological pain and economic hardship.
Awareness about role of health literacy and self efficacy in tobacco cessation among primary health care workers: A quantitative questionnaire study
Authors: Garg Anuj , Sinha Abhishek , Kumar Nitesh , Singh Archana , Akhtar Saifullah , Singh Pankaj K. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The purpose of this study was to measure primary health care providers’ understanding of the significance of health literacy and self-efficacy in cigarette quitting.

Material and Methods:
The current study used a quantitative descriptive questionnaire to collect data. The research was carried out among primary health care providers in a rural location near the Azamgarh Dental College in Uttar Pradesh. Medical officials, nursing personnel, and dental practitioners, if existent, are examples of primary health professionals. Azamgarh district is divided into 22 blocks. 22 primary health facilities were selected from these 22 blocks. 54 medical officers and 98 other primary health workers (ANMs, GNMs, and Asha workers) were questioned at these primary health facilities.

Results:
The majority of study participants {132 (86.84%)} were aware of the bad effects of tobacco consumption. Most of the study participants don’t know about health literacy {115 (75.65%)} and self-efficacy {78 (51.32%)}. The majority of them did not know the questionnaire to test health literacy {114 (75.02%)} and self-efficacy {150 (98.68%)}. poor mean awareness score (20.77 ± 3.33) was significant (p = 0.001) in the age group 25-35 years. Anganwadi workers were having significantly (p = 0.002) highest poor awareness score (22.67 ± 2.34).

Conclusion:
From the above results, it was concluded that awareness of the role of health literacy and self-efficacy in tobacco cessation among primary health workers was poor. Almost all study participants had not attended any training programs on tobacco cessation.
Clinico-pathological study among COVID-19 patients during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Andaman Nicobar Island- ”A retrospective cross-sectional study”
Authors: Zumu Mhasisielie , Padhy Prodeep K. , Choudhury Sampa , Shail Kausheen , Singh Mairaj M. , Thomas Beeson 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a Union Territory of India is Tropical Island, has better air quality and since its specific geographic location that may have an impact on the clinical and pathological features. So, this study is intended to describe the clinical and pathological features of COVID-19 infection and its association with the severity of the disease among adult COVID-19 patients.

Material and Method:
A cross-sectional study done retrospectively among 100 adult COVID-19 RT PCR positive in Tertiary Hospital, tropical Islands by reviewing medical records. The clinical, laboratory parameters were assessed.

Results:
In the study 65% of the population were male, and 55% of COVID-19 cases were between the age group of 25 to 50 years of age. At presentation, 96% had respiratory symptoms, 91% had fever, 33% had gastrointestinal symptoms, 10% had musculoskeletal symptoms, and 6% have a history of contact with COVID-19 positive patients. The severe COVID-19 patients had longer duration of fever (P-value 0.041), duration of cough (P 0.016), duration of breathlessness (P 0.002), high pulse rate (P = 0.031) at presentation, had high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.001), high neutrophil count (P < 0.001), low lymphocyte count (P < 0.001), high CRP (P < 0.001), and high D-dimer (P < 0.001) at presentation.

Conclusion:
Severe COVID-19 patients at presentation had longer duration of fever, cough, and breathlessness, hence should seek early medical care. Lab parameters is a great tool in the assessment of patient who can go to have severe disease and thus help in formulating Guidelines.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice among primary health-care and obstetrics and gynecology physicians in postpartum care services in National Guard Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hemedy Rawan A. , Abbas Salwa I. , Alsabban Ahmad S. , Aldosary Taghreed A. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The postpartum period, also known as the fourth trimester, is defined as the first 12 weeks postpartum. Primary health care (PHC) plays an important role in providing a comprehensive postpartum care to mothers. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of postpartum care among PHC physicians and obstetrics and gynecology physicians.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of PHC physicians and obstetrics and gynecology physicians in postpartum care services at Western Region, Saudi Arabia. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; version 27.0) was used for data analysis. Proportions and tables were used to summarize categorical data.

Results:
A total of 159 responses were analyzed with 65.4% response rate. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) for knowledge score was 15 (13–17). The median (IQR) for attitude was 20 (18–22), while the median (IQR) for practice total scores was 3 (2–4). Knowledge and practice scores showed significant differences between all the groups. On the other hand, attitude only showed significant differences between males and females, favoring a better attitude among females (P = 0.014).

Conclusions:
There were good levels of KAP associated especially with female physicians and higher physician levels. Minor differences were noticed between different groups in our sample according to age, gender, specialty, and years of experience.
Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment test and Timed Up and Go test as predictors of falls in the elderly – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sakthivadivel Varatharajan , Geetha Jeganathan , Gaur Archana , Kaliappan Ariyanachi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Falls are common in the elderly and frequently have serious consequences, which lead to physical and psychological complications. Assessment of fall risk in the elderly is performed by using functional assessment tools that assess the muscle strength, balance, functional mobility, and gait. Timed Up and Go test (TUG) assesses functional mobility and the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment test (POMA) assesses balance, postural control, and gait. Aim: This study compares the TUG test and POMA test in fall prediction among elderly patients.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with acute illness, acute painful lower limb conditions, dementia, severe depression, and those who are not willing were excluded from the study. Patient demographic data, co-morbidities, habits, and risk factors such as a previous history of falls, arthritis, depression, and vision impairment were noted. Gait and balance were assessed by the TUG and POMA tests. TUG and POMA were compared with the patients with a history of falls.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 70.79 ± 5.38 years. The females (57.6%) were more than the males. Hypertension was the commonest co-morbidity (54.4%). Out of 340 subjects, 105 subjects had a history of falls. The sensitivity of the TUG and POMA tests was 76.2 and 69.5%, respectively, and the specificity was 91.1 and 89.8%, respectively. The Kappa values were 0.680 and 0.606, respectively. POMA (r = –0.372) was negatively correlated to falls and TUG (r = 0.642) was positively correlated to falls.

Conclusion:
TUG is a useful measure for determining the risk of falling in older persons.