Abstract B039: Adipocyte regulation of ER stress and mTOR signaling in bone-metastatic PCa: The role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase
Authors: Wilson Alexis , Herroon Mackenzie , Mecca Shane , Garmo Laimar , Podgorski Izabela 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Bone metastatic disease is correlated with increased morbidity and mortality in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Current treatments for bone-metastatic PCa are palliative, and new targets for therapy are desperately needed for this presently incurable disease. Various studies have determined that the supportive nature of the bone marrow (BM) niche and crosstalk between the bone-resident cells and the tumor lead to increased tumor cell survival and escape from therapy. Specifically, studies from our lab highlighted the critical role of bone marrow adipose tissue and its expansion due to obesity or age in PCa progression and chemoresistance in bone. Bone marrow adipocytes are metabolically active cells that, through secretion of lipids and adipokines, have the potential to affect the neighboring cells, including the tumor cells that have disseminated into the BM niche. We have shown previously that interaction with marrow adipocytes promotes lipid uptake by PCa cells, modulates their metabolic phenotype, and activates pro-survival signaling and ER/oxidative stress pathways; however, the molecular mechanisms behind the tumor-promoting effects of adipocytes are not understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid-induced stress during tumor cell-adipocyte crosstalk and its functional relationship to tumor growth and progression in bone. Our preliminary data showed that adipocyte-tumor cell crosstalk increases lipid peroxidation in PCa cells, which coincides with augmented expression of ER stress markers and activation of mTOR signaling. We also observed that PCa cells under adipocyte exposure had augmented gene expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), an ER-resident enzyme responsible for the conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). We, therefore, hypothesized that SCD is a metabolic regulator that protects metastatic PCa cells against lipid-induced toxicity and ER stress and promotes tumor survival via activation of mTOR signaling. Here, we show that the inhibition of mTORC1 by Everolimus (EVO) decreases the gene expression of ER stress markers in PCa cells exposed to adipocytes. We also demonstrate that adipocyte-mediated induction of ER stress coincides with an increase in active mTOR signaling in PCa cells, indicating possible bidirectional crosstalk between ER stress and mTOR pathways. Notably, inhibition of SCD in PCa cells grown in Transwell co-culture with adipocytes by either siRNA or the small molecule inhibitor CAY10566 leads to reduced mTOR signaling and an increase in lipid peroxidation in PCa cells. SCD inhibition also increases the gene and protein expression of ER stress markers, specifically XBP1 (S) and ATF4, suggesting apoptosis induction. Collectively, our results place SCD as a mediator of ER stress-mTOR crosstalk and a promoter of tumor survival and suggest that targeting SCD activity might be a viable approach to rewire tumor metabolism, and inhibit metastatic progression in bone and sensitize PCa tumors to therapy.
Citation Format: Alexis Wilson, Mackenzie Herroon, Shane Mecca, Laimar Garmo, Izabela Podgorski. Adipocyte regulation of ER stress and mTOR signaling in bone-metastatic PCa: The role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B039.