bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap for post‐sacrectomy reconstruction: Outcomes compared with gluteal muscle flap
Authors: Lee Dianne Dong Un , Park Se‐Jun , Lee Kyeong‐Tae 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundExcision of sacral tumor results in extensive defects and vital organ exposure, requiring soft tissue reconstruction for dead space obliteration. Diverse reconstruction options, mainly regional flaps, have been utilized but are limited by high postoperative morbidity. A reliable reconstructive method with low morbidity and facilitated recovery has yet been sought for. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the use of free latissimus dorsi (LD) flap for post‐sacrectomy defect reconstruction by comparing its outcomes with local gluteus maximus (GM) flap.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all patients with sacral malignancy who underwent partial or total sacrectomy and immediate reconstruction with LD or GM flap between 2013 and 2022. Nineteen patients were analyzed, including 10 GM flaps and nine LD flaps. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe average size of LD flaps was 173.8 cm2. Seven patients developed complication in the GM group and two patients in the LD group. Complication rate at sacrectomy site was lower in the LD group (p = .003) showing complication‐free sacrectomy site and two donor site seromas. The LD group resulted in shorter hospital stay (p = .033) and earlier ambulation than the GM group (p = .001). Mean follow‐up period was 63 months for GM group and 17 months for LD group. Three patients in the GM group underwent re‐operation, while no delayed complication was observed in the LD group.ConclusionFree LD flaps may provide reliable outcomes with early recovery and may be considered an effective option for sacrectomy defect reconstruction.
Predicting user loyalty and repeat intention to donate towards fantasy sports gaming platforms: A large‐sample study based on a model integrating philanthropic actions, well‐being and flow experience
Authors: Suryavanshi A. K. S. , Thomas Sujo , Trivedi Twinkle , Patel Ritesh , Bhatt Viral 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndia has become one of the world's largest gaming destinations, and in the last few years, the rapid rise of online gaming has led to the domination of fantasy sports gaming platforms. Very little is understood about how users on fantasy sports gaming platforms perceive and approach giving and what essentially matters to users before selecting or engaging with such fantasy sports gaming platforms. This study aims to predict user loyalty and repeat intention to donate towards fantasy sports gaming platforms by examining philanthropic actions, well‐being (WB) and flow experience (FE). A large‐scale research study on 2091 samples was undertaken by adopting three‐fold SEM‐ANN‐NCA (structural equation modeling‐artificial neural network‐necessary condition analysis) for establishing and empirically testing a comprehensive model by integrating philanthropic actions, WB and FE to predict user loyalty and repeat intention to donate towards online fantasy sports gaming platforms. The findings add depth to our understanding of philanthropic actions linked to fantasy sports gaming platforms and users' loyalty and donation intentions towards such platforms. The results of ANN indicated the normalized importance of the predictors of user loyalty and found that philanthropic action was the strongest predictor. Likewise, philanthropic actions, WB, and FE were necessary conditions (must‐have) to determine user loyalty during NCA. The findings would provide invaluable intelligence to fantasy gaming companies to oversee critical philanthropic decisions proficiently. In addition, the results would provide valuable insights to decision‐makers in philanthropic foundations and other entities, such as practitioners and online fantasy gaming companies, to devise effective marketing strategies to gauge user loyalty and shape donation intentions.
Practitioner approaches to trade‐off decision‐making in marine conservation development
Authors: Fortnam M. , Chaigneau T. , Evans L. , Bastian L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Mounting evidence suggests that win‐wins are elusive and trade‐offs are the norm in marine conservation development practice. The status quo involves trade‐offs, and any change brought to ecosystems, economies and societies will alter the distribution of costs and benefits, creating other winners and losers among ecosystem services, sectors and people.

While studies are increasingly acknowledging the prevalence of trade‐offs, this article analyses how practitioners working for conservation development agencies consider, facilitate and make trade‐off decisions a priori and post hoc when designing and implementing marine conservation development programmes in Southeast Asia.

We find that these practitioners recognize both substantive trade‐offs, which are diverse social and ecological trade‐offs resulting from their programmes, and process trade‐offs, related to how they design programmes, including between their prioritization of different locations; between strategic relationships; and between the efficacy, equity and sustainability of projects.

Existing decision support tools only capture a limited range of substantive (mainly ecological) trade‐offs, however, and are not widely used. Typically, social trade‐offs are not systematically assessed. Instead, they are implicitly identified by participants and beneficiaries voicing their concerns during consultation processes.

Importantly, whether a trade‐off is then deemed acceptable is not determined through transparent assessment of trade‐offs and principles of equity or justice but by the uneven political power of stakeholders to project their values in decision‐making processes.

The article concludes that practitioners should facilitate inclusive, transparent and systematic identification and deliberation of the social acceptability of multidimensional trade‐offs, and formulate response options to avoid or minimize adverse consequences. Tackling trade‐offs in this way has the potential to make invisible trade‐offs visible and improve the sustainability and legitimacy of marine conservation development programmes while promoting the interests of the most marginalized in efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Recent advancement in surface modification of aramid fiber assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Patadiya Jigar , Chougale Prajakta Vilas , Naebe Minoo , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian , Mahajan‐Tatpate Pallavi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe exceptional mechanical properties of aramid fibers make them a popular choice for high‐performance materials; despite that, their potential is limited due to their surface properties bonding energy and interfacial bonding strength with matrix materials. The enhanced resistance of poly‐aramid fibers (AFs) to severe surroundings and improved interlaminar adhesion in sandwich compounds with admirable mechanical characteristics are becoming a great challenge for various chemical and physical surface treatment techniques. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a popular and sustainable approach that can effectively bond and homogeneously deposit functional groups or nanoparticles and exhibit the excellent performance of fibber modification. This article examines aramid fibers' surface modification advancements using scCO2‐assisted techniques, including monomer grafting, impregnation, and functionalization with various functional groups and nanoparticles. Additionally, the article discusses the challenges faced in scCO2‐assisted aramid fiber modification and what the future holds for this technology.
IncorporatedTiO2nanoparticles intoPVC/PMMApolymer blend for enhancing the optical and electrical/dielectric properties: Hybrid nanocomposite films for flexible optoelectronic devices
Authors: Al‐Muntaser A. , Abo‐Dief Hala M. , Tarabiah A. E. , Alzahrani Eman , Alsalmah Hessa A. , Alharbi Zeinab M. , Pashameah Rami Adel , Saeed Abdu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present work, sol–gel‐synthesized titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to create polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) samples. The preparation was carried out via the solution casting method. The synthesized TiO2NPs have a tetragonal anatase phase and an average grain size of 15.7 nm. XRD analysis reveals that the TiO2NPs' addition to PVC/PMMA causes a decrease in the crystallinity of PNCs films. Infrared Fourier analysis demonstrated the interplay/complexity between the PVC/PMMA blend and TiO2NPs. The UV/visible spectrum of the PVC/PMMA blend showed two absorbance peaks at 278 and 208 nm, which may result from the n → π* and π → π* transitions. Also, optical bandgaps for indirect and direct allowed transitions decreased with increasing TiO2NPs concentration. The samples' AC electrical conductivity and dielectric properties were measured at room temperature. As the TiO2NPs content in the nanocomposite rises, a percolating network begins to emerge inside the composite, demonstrating that AC electrical conductivity obeys Jonscher's law. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that nanoparticle concentration leads to a higher composite dielectric loss and dielectric constant. These findings suggest the possibility of using the prepared nanocomposites in capacitive energy storage and optoelectronic devices.HighlightsPVC/PMMA‐TiO2nanocomposites' films were fabricated via the solution casting method.Adding TiO2NPs to PVC/PMMA reduces the crystallinity of the PNCs films.The allowed direct and indirect bandgaps decreased with rising TiO2NPs content.AC conductivity, impedance, and dielectric characteristics were discussed.The findings indicate the use of prepared samples in optoelectronic devices.
Soiling mitigation potential of glass coatings and tracker routines in the desert climate of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zahid , Willers Guido , Alowais Abdullah Ali , Naumann Volker , Mirza Mark , Grunwald Erik , Qasem Hussam , Gottschalg Ralph , Ilse Klemens 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh levels of airborne dust, frequent dust storms and infrequent rain events are some of the reasons why soiling can drastically reduce the energy yield of photovoltaic modules in desert areas. There are ongoing and increasing efforts to identify appropriate and economically feasible strategies that can be used to mitigate soiling in deserts. Both innovative tracking with adapted resting positions during night and anti‐soiling coatings (ASCs) are considered as potential solutions to reduce soiling. In this study, the individual mitigation potential of both ASC and tracking routines as well as the combination of the two approaches are investigated. For this, outdoor exposure tests were carried out in desert region of Saudi Arabia. Coated and uncoated glass samples were tested in different tilt configurations: fixed, 1‐axis tracking with horizontal stowage (facing the sky) and 1‐axis tracking with vertical stowage during the night. Both methods indicate significant soiling reductions, especially for the combined solution of ASC and tracking with vertical night stowage, where soiling losses can be reduced by up to 85%. In addition, it has been shown that the relative ASC performance can be improved when using vertical night stowage compared to fixed tilt or standard 1‐axis tracking scenarios.
Optimal perfect corrective maintenance policy for a system with multiple components using data‐driven decision‐making methods
Authors: Misaii Hasan , Fouladirad Mitra , Haghighi Firoozeh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper considers a multicomponent series system to be inspected periodically. It is assumed that the exact cause of system failure might be unknown, and we only know that it belongs to a subset of all components, called masked set. In this case, it is said that the exact cause of failure is masked. A perfect corrective maintenance policy is applied to repair the system, such that a failed component is replaced by a new one at the first inspection time after failure. The distance between each two inspections is considered a decision parameter that should be optimized. Three levels of information availability are considered, including full, partial, and noninformation availability, in which the maintenance policy should be optimized. The former is considered a benchmark, and the statistical and machine learning data‐driven algorithms are used to estimate the cost for the other two information levels. Eventually, using Monte Carlo simulation studies, the proposed method application is analyzed.
Phase‐space relative Rényi entropy in density functional theory
Authors: Nagy Ágnes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe phase‐space relative Rényi entropy is introduced using the information theoretical and thermodynamic view of density functional theory. In the special case of constant inverse temperature the phase‐space relative Rényi entropy is a sum of the position‐space relative Rényi entropy and a term arising from the momentum space. This quantity can be considered as a measure of similarity. It includes more information than the position‐space measures, since it also incorporates momentum‐space knowledge.
A semi‐automated camera trap distance sampling approach for population density estimation
Authors: Henrich Maik , Burgueño Mercedes , Hoyer Jacqueline , Haucke Timm , Steinhage Volker , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Heurich Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCamera traps have become important tools for the monitoring of animal populations. However, the study‐specific estimation of animal detection probabilities is key if unbiased abundance estimates of unmarked species are to be obtained. Since this process can be very time‐consuming, we developed the first semi‐automated workflow for animals of any size and shape to estimate detection probabilities and population densities. In order to obtain observation distances, a deep learning algorithm is used to create relative depth images that are calibrated with a small set of reference photos for each location, with distances then extracted for animals automatically detected by MegaDetector 4.0. Animal detection by MegaDetector was generally independent of the distance to the camera trap for 10 animal species at two different study sites. If an animal was detected both manually and automatically, the difference in the distance estimates was often minimal at a distance about 4 m from the camera trap. The difference increased approximately linearly for larger distances. Nonetheless, population density estimates based on manual and semi‐automated camera trap distance sampling workflows did not differ significantly. Our results show that a readily available software for semi‐automated distance estimation can reliably be used within a camera trap distance sampling workflow, reducing the time required for data processing, by >13‐fold. This greatly improves the accessibility of camera trap distance sampling for wildlife research and management.
Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials Electrodes of Ionic Soft Actuators: From Initial 1D Structure to 3D Composite Structure for Flexible Intelligent Devices
Authors: Wang Bozheng , Huang Peng , Li Bingjue , Wu Ze , Xing Youqiang , Zhu Jianxiong , Liu Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of autonomous and intelligent devices driven by soft actuators, ion soft actuators in flexible intelligent devices have several advantages over other actuators, including their light weight, low voltage drive, large strain, good flexibility, fast response, etc. Traditional ionic polymer metal composites have received a lot of attention over the past decades, but they suffer from poor driving performance and short service lives since the precious metal electrodes are not only expensive, heavy, and labor‐intensive, but also prone to cracking with repeated actuation. As excellent candidates for the electrode materials of ionic soft actuators, carbon‐based nanomaterials have received a lot of interest because of their plentiful reserves, low cost, and excellent mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. This research reviewed carbon‐based nanomaterial electrodes of ion soft actuators for flexible smart devices from a fresh perspective from 1D to 3D combinations. The design of the electrode structure is introduced after the driving mechanism of ionic soft actuators. The details of ionic soft actuator electrodes made of carbon‐based nanomaterials are then provided. Additionally, a summary of applications for flexible intelligent devices is provided. Finally, suggestions for challenges and prospects are made to offer direction and inspiration for further development.
Multifunctional Catalytic Hierarchical Interfaces of Ni12P5‐Ni2P Porous Nanosheets Enabled Both Sulfides Reaction Promotion and Li‐Dendrite Suppression for High‐Performance Li–S Full Batteries
Authors: Xu Shuzheng , Guo Meng , Fang Zhenchun , Wang Yinan , Li Hongda , Chang Haixin , Zhou Guowei , Gu Shaonan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is very promising and yet faces the issues of hindered polysulfides conversion and Li dendrite growth. Different from using different materials strategies to overcome these two types of problems, here multifunctional catalytic hierarchical interfaces of Ni12P5–Ni2P porous nanosheets formed by Ni2P partially in situ converted from Ni12P5 are proposed. The unique electronic structure in the interface endows Ni12P5–Ni2P effective electrocatalysis effect toward both sulfides’ reduction and oxidation through reducing Gibbs free energies, indicating a bidirectional conversion acceleration. Importantly, Ni12P5–Ni2P porous nanosheets with hierarchical interfaces also reduced the Li nucleation energy barrier, and a dendrite‐free Li deposition is realized during the overall Li deposition and stripping steps. To this end, Ni12P5‐Ni2P decorated carbon nanotube/S cathode showing a high capacity of over 1500 mAh g‒1, and a high rate capability of 8 C. Moreover, the coin full cell delivered a high capacity of 1345 mAh g‒1 at 0.2 C and the pouch full cell delivered a high capacity of 1114 mAh g‒1 at 0.2 C with high electrochemical stability during 180° bending. This work inspires the exploration of hierarchical structures of 2D materials with catalytically active interfaces to improve the electrochemistry of Li–S full battery.
A Lotus Seedpods‐Inspired Interfacial Solar Steam Generator with Outstanding Salt Tolerance and Mechanical Properties for Efficient and Stable Seawater Desalination
Authors: Ma Haodong , Yu Lingjie , Li Zhenzhen , Chen Jianglong , Meng Jiaguang , Song Qingwen , Liu Yaming , Wang Yongzhen , Wu Qian , Miao Menghe , Zhi Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterfacial solar steam generators (ISSGs) can capture solar energy and concentrate the heat at the gas–liquid interface, resulting in efficient water evaporation. However, traditional ISSGs have limitations in long‐term seawater desalination processes, such as limited light absorption area, slow water transport speed, severe surface salt accumulation, and weak mechanical performance. Inspired by lotus seedpods, a novel ISSG (rGO‐SA‐PSF) is developed by treating a 3D warp‐knitted spacer fabric with plasma (PSF) and combining it with sodium alginate (SA) and reduces graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO‐SA‐PSF utilizes a core‐suction effect to achieve rapid water pumping and employs aerogel to encapsulate the plasma‐treated spacer yarns to create the lotus seedpod‐inspired hydrophilic stems, innovatively constructing multiple directional water transport channels. Simultaneously, the large holes of rGO‐SA‐PSF on the upper layer form lotus seedpod‐inspired head concave holes, enabling efficient light capture. Under 1 kW m−2 illumination, rGO‐SA‐PSF exhibits a rapid evaporation rate of 1.85 kg m−2 h−1, with an efficiency of 96.4%. Additionally, it shows superior salt tolerance (with no salt accumulation during continuous evaporation for 10 h in 10% brine) and self‐desalination performance during long‐term seawater desalination processes. This biomimetic ISSG offers a promising solution for efficient and stable seawater desalination and wastewater purification.
Sequence‐Responsive Multifunctional Supramolecular Nanomicelles Act on the Regression of TNBC and Its Lung Metastasis via Synergic Pyroptosis‐Mediated Immune Activation
Authors: Wang Xing , Li Yuanhang , Hasrat Kamran , Yang Li , Qi Zhengjian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDesign of effective nanodrugs to modulate the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment is a desirable approach to boost the clinical tumor‐therapeutic effect. Supramolecular nanomicelles PolyMN‐TO‐8, which are constructed by self‐assembling supramolecular host MTX‐MPEG2000, guest NPX‐2S, and TO‐8 through hydrophobic forces, have excellent stability and responsiveness to carboxylesterase and glutathione in turn. In vivo studies validate that PolyMN‐TO‐8 enable to trigger pyroptosis‐mediated immunogenic cell death under laser, avoiding the occurrence of immune dysregulation simultaneously. This therapeutic mode strengthens dendritic cells’ maturation and accelerates the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors through moderate activation of pro‐inflammatory factors with elimination of immune‐escape, ultimately making the tumor inhibition rate as high as 87.44% via synergistic functions of photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, etc. The loss of immune‐escape quickens the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into lungs, and further eschews the generation of tumor nodules in it. Chemotherapy, the release of interferon‐γ, and immune memory effect also strengthen the defense against metastasis. The generation of O2 catalyzed by PolyMN‐TO‐8 under laser is indispensable for tumor metastasis inhibition undoubtedly.
Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles Anchored on 2D Metal−Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Electrocatalysts for Water Electrolysis and Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Chao‐Peng , Lian Xin , Lin Yu‐Xuan , Cui Lei , Li Chen‐Ning , Li Na , Zhang An‐Ni , Yin Jun , Kang Joohoon , Zhu Jian , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultifunctional electrocatalysts are crucial to cost‐effective electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems requiring mutual enhancement of disparate reactions. Embedding noble metal nanoparticles in 2D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are proposed as an effective strategy, however, the hybrids usually suffer from poor electrochemical performance and electrical conductivity in operating conditions. Herein, ultrafine Pt nanoparticles strongly anchored on thiophenedicarboxylate acid based 2D Fe‐MOF nanobelt arrays (Pt@Fe‐MOF) are fabricated, allowing sufficient exposure of active sites with superior trifunctional electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, and oxygen reduction reactions. The interfacial Fe─O─Pt bonds can induce the charge redistribution of metal centers, leading to the optimization of adsorption energy for reaction intermediates, while the dispersibility of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles contributes to the high mass activity. When Pt@Fe‐MOF is used as bifunctional catalysts for water‐splitting, a low voltage of 1.65 V is required at 100 mA cm−2 with long‐term stability for 20 h at temperatures (65 °C) relevant for industrial applications, outperforming commercial benchmarks. Furthermore, liquid Zn–air batteries with Pt@Fe‐MOF in cathodes deliver high open‐circuit voltages (1.397 V) and decent cycling stability, which motivates the fabrication of flexible quasisolid‐state rechargeable Zn–air batteries with remarkable performance.