bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Risk for Severe Maternal Morbidity in Severe Preeclampsia Complicated by Pulmonary Edema: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Amin Bushra Z. , Kern-Goldberger Adina R. , Srinivas Sindhu K. 
Published: May 2023

Objective The objective of this study is to examine risk factors and adverse outcomes related to preeclampsia with severe features complicated by pulmonary edema.
Study Design This is a nested case–control study of all patients with preeclampsia with severe features who delivered in a tertiary, urban, academic medical center over a 1-year period. The primary exposure was pulmonary edema and the primary outcome was a composite of severe maternal morbidity (SMM), defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification codes. Secondary outcomes included postpartum length of stay, maternal intensive care unit admission, 30-day readmission, and discharge on antihypertensive medication. A multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for clinical characteristics related to the primary outcome was used to determine adjusted odds ratios (aOR) as measures of effect.
Results Of 340 patients with severe preeclampsia, there were seven cases of pulmonary edema (2.1%). Pulmonary edema was associated with lower parity, autoimmune disease, earlier gestational age at diagnosis of preeclampsia and at delivery, and cesarean section. Patients with pulmonary edema demonstrated increased odds of SMM (aOR: 10.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13–47.90), extended postpartum length of stay (aOR: 32.56, 95% CI: 3.95–268.45), and intensive care unit admission (aOR: 102.85, 95% CI: 7.43–1422.92) compared with those without pulmonary edema.
Conclusion Pulmonary edema is associated with adverse maternal outcomes among patients with severe preeclampsia, and is more likely to affect patients who are nulliparous, have an autoimmune disease, and are diagnosed preterm.
Key Points
Maternal Epidemiology of Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries in California: 1996 to 2012
Authors: Manske Mary Claire B. , Wilson Machelle D. , Wise Barton L. , Melnikow Joy , Hedriana Herman L. , James Michelle A. , Tancredi Daniel J. 
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) and its associations with maternal demographic factors. Additionally, we sought to determine whether longitudinal changes in BPBI incidence differed by maternal demographics.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of over 8 million maternal–infant pairs using California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development Linked Birth Files from 1991 to 2012. Descriptive statistics were used to determine BPBI incidence and the prevalence of maternal demographic factors (race, ethnicity, age). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations of year, maternal race, ethnicity, and age with BPBI. Excess population-level risk associated with these characteristics was determined by calculating population attributable fractions.
Results The incidence of BPBI between 1991 and 2012 was 1.28 per 1,000 live births, with peak incidence of 1.84 per 1,000 in 1998 and low of 0.9 per 1,000 in 2008. Incidence varied by demographic group, with infants of Black (1.78 per 1,000) and Hispanic (1.34 per 1,000) mothers having higher incidences compared with White (1.25 per 1,000), Asian (0.8 per 1,000), Native American (1.29 per 1,000), other race (1.35 per 1,000), and non-Hispanic (1.15 per 1,000) mothers. After controlling for delivery method, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, and year, infants of Black (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.70, 2.08), Hispanic (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.32), and advanced-age mothers (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.25) were at increased risk. Disparities in risk experienced by Black, Hispanic, and advanced-age mothers contributed to a 5, 10, and 2% excess risk at the population level, respectively. Longitudinal trends in incidence did not vary among demographic groups. Population-level changes in maternal demographics did not explain changes in incidence over time.
Conclusion Although BPBI incidence has decreased in California, demographic disparities exist. Infants of Black, Hispanic, and advanced-age mothers are at increased BPBI risk compared with White, non-Hispanic, and younger mothers.
Key Points
Post Hoc Analysis of National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Vitamin-D Pregnancy Cohort and The Role of Functional Vitamin-D Deficiency in Pregnancy
Authors: Davis Shellie , Lyles Elliott , Shary Judy R. , Ebeling Myla , Reed Susan G. , Baatz John E. , Hollis Bruce W. , Wagner Carol L. 
Published: May 2023

Objective Our objective was to conduct a secondary, post hoc analysis of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) vitamin D (vitD) pregnancy study by Hollis et al, which reported on the effect of vitD supplementation in pregnant women and determine the potential interaction between intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations, vitD status, and various comorbidities associated with pregnancy. Women with low 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and high iPTH concentrations during pregnancy, known as functional vitamin-D deficiency (FVDD), were more likely to acquire complications also affecting their neonates.
Study Design This post hoc analysis of data collected from a diverse group of pregnant women participating in the NICHD vitD pregnancy study was applied to investigate the applicability of the concept of FVDD in pregnancy (Hemmingway, 2018) in identifying potential risks for certain comorbidities of pregnancy. This analysis defines FVDD as maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations below 20 ng/mL and iPTH concentrations above 65 pg/mL creating a definitive ratio number, 0.308, to classify mothers as having FVDD prior to delivery (PTD). Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC).
Results In total, 281 women (85 African American, 115 Hispanic, and 81 Caucasian) with 25(OH)D and iPTH concentrations measured at monthly visits were included in this analysis. No statistically significant association was found between mothers classified as having FVDD at baseline or 1-month PTD and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, infection, or admittance to the neonatal intensive care unit. When combining all comorbidities of pregnancy in this cohort, results showed those with FVDD at baseline, 24 weeks' gestation, and 1-month PTD were more likely to experience a comorbidity (p = 0.001; p = 0.001; p = 0.004, respectively). Those with FVDD 1-month PTD were 7.1 times (confidence interval [CI]: 1.71–29.81) more likely to have preterm birth (<37 weeks) than women without FVDD.
Conclusion Participants were more likely to have experienced preterm birth if they met the criteria for FVDD. This study supports the importance of FVDD during pregnancy.
Key Points
An ultrafast phototrigger of the Trp5CN–Trp motif in a β-hairpin peptide
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhou Zhongneng , Deng Bodan , Wang Bingyao , Kang Xiu-Wen , Chen Jinquan , Ding Bei , Zhong Dongping 
Published: May 2023

Phototriggers are useful molecular tools to initiate reactions in enzymes by light for the purpose of photoenzymatic design and mechanistic investigations. Here, we incorporated the non-natural amino acid 5-cyanotryptophan (W5CN) in a polypeptide scaffold and resolved the photochemical reaction of the W5CN–W motif using femtosecond transient UV/Vis and mid-IR spectroscopy. We identified a marker band of ∼2037 cm−1 from the CN stretch of the electron transfer intermediate W5CN·− in the transient IR measurement and found UV/Vis spectroscopic evidence for the W·+ radical at 580 nm. Through kinetic analysis, we characterized that the charge separation between the excited W5CN and W occurs in 253 ps, with a charge-recombination lifetime of 862 ps. Our study highlights the potential use of the W5CN–W pair as an ultrafast phototrigger to initiate reactions in enzymes that are not light-sensitive, making downstream reactions accessible to femtosecond spectroscopic detection.
Promote electroreduction of CO
2
via catalyst valence state manipulation by surface-capping ligand
Authors: Zhao Yilin , Liu Xiaoqing , Chen Jingyi , Chen Junmei , Chen Jiayi , Fan Lei , Yang Haozhou , Xi Shibo , Shen Lei , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2023

Electrochemical CO
2
reduction provides a potential means for synthesizing value-added chemicals over the near equilibrium potential regime, i.e., formate production on Pd-based catalysts. However, the activity of Pd catalysts has been largely plagued by the potential-depended deactivation pathways (e.g.,

α

-PdH to

β

-PdH phase transition, CO poisoning), limiting the formate production to a narrow potential window of 0 V to −0.25 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Herein, we discovered that the Pd surface capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ligand exhibits effective resistance to the potential-depended deactivations and can catalyze formate production at a much extended potential window (beyond –0.7 V vs. RHE) with significantly improved activity (~14-times enhancement at −0.4 V vs. RHE) compared to that of the pristine Pd surface. Combined results from physical and electrochemical characterizations, kinetic analysis, and first-principle simulations suggest that the PVP capping ligand can effectively stabilize the high-valence-state Pd species (Pd
δ+
) resulted from the catalyst synthesis and pretreatments, and these Pd
δ+
species are responsible for the inhibited phase transition from

α

-PdH to

β

-PdH, and the suppression of CO and H
2
formation. The present study confers a desired catalyst design principle, introducing positive charges into Pd-based electrocatalyst to enable efficient and stable CO
2
to formate conversion.
The Big Bang could be anisotropic. The case of Bianchi I model
Authors: Parnovsky S L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider an evolution of anisotropic cosmological model on the example of the Bianchi type I homogeneous Universe. It is filled by the mixture of matter and dark energy with an arbitrary barotropic equation of state (EoS). The general solution for this case is found and analyzed. A complete list of possible future singularities for this model is given. Some new solution were obtained for a particular EoSs, e.g. for the Bianchi type I ΛCDM homogeneous model. It is shown that all special cases corresponding to different EoSs have common properties, provided that now or at another moment of time the Universe is expanding, and the density of the mixture is positive. Then the evolution always begins with an anisotropic ‘Big Bang’ which happened a finite time ago. After that the Universe is constantly expanding and in all cases, with rare exceptions, becomes more isotropic. A particularly strong isotropization is associated with the epoch of inflation. After its completion, the expansion of the Universe becomes almost isotropic, and this case cannot be distinguished from isotropic by astronomical observations. This fact allows us to consider an anisotropic cosmological model as a possible candidate for the description of the observed Universe despite the isotropic pattern of expansion.
Enhanced broadband light absorption of ultrathin PtSe2 in metal–insulator–metal structure
Authors: He Junbo , Chen Cheng , Liu Weiming , Zhu Xudan , Zheng Yuxiang , Wang Songyou , Chen Liangyao , Zhang Rongjun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The enhancement of light absorption in an ultrathin two-dimensional material is critical for its optoelectronic and photonic applications. In this work, we investigated the enhanced light absorption of layered PtSe2 by engineering the optical impedance and the attenuation of the PtSe2-based metal–insulator–metal (MIM) absorber. For a monolayer PtSe2-based MIM absorber, the undesirable impedance mismatch can be compensated for using the top patterned metal array in the MIM structure to achieve near-perfect absorption (99.95%), and the absorption of monolayer PtSe2 is enhanced by 8.6 times in the visible spectra. For a few-layer PtSe2 MIM absorber, the self-impedance of the PtSe2 layer becomes an important factor in modulating the optical absorption and the PtSe2-based absorbers show excellent features with broadband absorption, insensitive to the incident angle and polarization. Our results improve the viability of the PtSe2-based optoelectronic and photonic devices and shed light on the design of absorbers with hybrid 2D materials.
Revisiting the stable structures of gold clusters: Au
n
(n = 16–25) by artificial neural network potential
Authors: Guo Yibo , Wu Xue , Fu Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Identifying the stable structures of gold (Au) clusters is a huge challenge in cluster science. In this work, we have searched the ground-state structures of neutral Au
n
(n = 16–25) clusters using the potential of an artificial neural network (ANN) trained with density functional theory (DFT) data. Compared with the DFT data, the root mean square error of binding energy predicted by the ANN potential is about 8.66 meV/atom. Applying the ANN potential to search the ground-state structures by comprehensive genetic algorithm, we have found several new candidates of Au18, Au22, and Au23, which have not been previously reported. Au18 has a hollow cage structure, whereas Au22 and Au23 are flat cage structures. From the electronic analysis, we elucidate the stability mechanism of the newly found structures that are associated with the electronic shell closure of superatomic orbitals. Additonally, we also clarified how to clean a database to train an efficient ANN potential in detail. Overall, this work proves that applying machine learning to the description of atomic interactions can accelerate the search of ground-state structures of clusters and help to find new candidates for stable cluster structures.
Prediction of OES intensity ratios based on coating unit data in HPPMS processes by ANN
Authors: Bobzin K , Kalscheuer C , Möbius M P , Schulze C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High power pulse magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) processes are characterized by high peak powers and peak voltages. This results in a high fraction of ionized metal ions within the coating plasma. In order to analyze the correlations between parameters of the coating unit and the intensities of the excited and ionized plasma species, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) can be used. In those experiments, several process parameters are varied in a single coating process. Currently, the prediction of plasma parameters based on coating unit data follows deterministic models which cannot describe the complexity in total. Therefore, not all correlations can be fully understood. Artificial neural networks (ANN) can be used to identify correlations between process parameters and plasma species. This enables prediction of OES data based on data of the coating machine. In the present study different coating processes containing the elements Al, Cr, Ti, N and O were investigated. Current and voltages of the cathodes, substrate bias, chamber pressure, gas flows and the target compositions were used as input parameter of the ANN. Time resolved OES data of metal and gas species were used as output data. To determine the most appropriate training algorithm for the current predictions, multiple algorithms were employed. A good prediction accuracy of OES intensity ratios based on coating unit data for industrial scale coating processes for TiAlN was obtained. For CrAlON the prediction of the intensity ratios of the gas species showed good results. Nowadays a high amount of coating machine parameter variations in physical vapor deposition processes is needed in order to achieve tailored coating parameters. By using plasma diagnostics, such as OES, cost intensive coating deposition processes can be reduced significantly. A further shortening of process development time is possible by using ANN, since plasma compositions can be determined based on coating unit data.
Excitonic Floquet states in quantum wire
Authors: Chwiej Tomasz , Dziembaj Grzegorz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We use Floquet theory to study the effects of laser light coupling to an electron–hole pair confined in a quantum wire. Fast oscillating electric field directed along the wire continuously displaces spatially the electron and hole in opposite directions, that influences on effective time-averaged electrostatic interaction by shallowing its minimum. Renormalization of binding energy leaves distinctive stamp in Floquet energy spectra because both the ponderomotive and confining energies may be neglected in considered perturbative regime. Due to renormalization of binding energy the blueshifted dressed exciton’s energy states form crossings and avoided crossings in energy spectra while their oscillator strengths are gradually reduced for increasing laser intensity, these features are strongly dependent on spatial sizes of wire. Discussed properties of Floquet exciton confined in QWr could potentially be used to build the fast terahertz optical bright-dark state switcher or to realize Floquet-Landau-Zener transition.
Traceable determination of the size of nanoparticles up to 500 nm by scanning electron microscopy in transmission mode based on simulation
Authors: Hüser Dorothee , Bergmann Detlef , Klein Tobias 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The size measurement of nanoparticles contributes to the understanding of their properties and, thus, to the assessment of the risks they pose to health and the environment. For such measurements to be comparable and legally recognized, they must be traceable to the SI unit meter. Recently, interest in traceable measurements of polystyrene particles with sizes up to 500 nm has aroused, e.g. in the aerosol community. To meet this demand, we adapted an established method to traceably measure nanoparticles with high precision in the transmission mode of a scanning electron microscope (STEM-in-SEM or TSEM). Since this method was geared towards smaller particles, we adapted it at two points: New simulations with the program Geant4SEM allow a more accurate modelling, especially of the inelastical scattering processes. In addition, the image evaluation procedure was revised to account for the non-linear signal response at the particle boundary. The measured values obtained in this manner show good agreement with the values of two international intercomparisons.
Monolithic light concentration by core–shell TiO2 nanostructures templated by monodisperse polymer colloidal monolayers
Authors: Cherry Rachel , Muhanga Joseph Joel , Mehrabi Hamed , Conlin Samuel K , Coridan Robert H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanostructured dielectric overlayers can be used to increase light absorption in nanometer-thin films used for various optoelectronic applications. Here, the self-assembly of a close-packed monolayer of polystyrene nanospheres is used to template a core–shell polystyrene-TiO2 light-concentrating monolithic structure. This is enabled by the growth of TiO2 at temperatures below the polystyrene glass-transition temperature via atomic layer deposition. The result is a monolithic, tailorable nanostructured overlayer fabricated by simple chemical methods. The design of this monolith can be tailored to generate significant absorption increases in thin film light absorbers. Finite-difference, time domain simulations are used to explore the design polystyrene-TiO2 core–shell monoliths that maximize light absorption in a 40 nm GaAs-on-Si substrate as a model for a photoconductive antenna THz emitter. An optimized core–shell monolith structure generated a greater than 60-fold increase of light absorption at a single wavelength in the GaAs layer of the simulated model device.
Superconducting properties of pt-type and bct-type YRh4B4
Authors: Kurata K , Muranaka T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
YRh4B4, which exhibits high-

T

c

superconductivity in the RRh4B4 system, has two types of crystal structures, CeCo4B4 type (pt-type) and LuRu4B4 type (bct-type). Both types of structure have similar

T

c

(pt-type;

T

c

= 10.6 K, bct-type;

T

c

= 9.8 K), but the

μ
0

H

c
2

of both compounds is very different, pt-type;

μ
0

H

c
2

= 2.50 T and bct-type;

μ
0

H

c
2

= 9.85 T. From our results, one can see that the difference in

T

c

between pt-YRh4B4 and bct-YRh4B4 is mainly caused from the difference of the density of state at Fermi energy. The high-

T

c

in pt-YRh4B4 is derived from the high Debye temperature caused by vibrations of boron. In contrast, in bct-YRh4B4 it is caused by a stronger electron–phonon coupling than in pt-YRh4B4. Regarding the symmetry of superconductivity, it is suggested that pt-YRh4B4 is a clean limit superconductor and has basically a fully gapped superconducting gap, but is slightly anisotropic from the results of

C

el

∝

exp

(
−
Δ

/

k

B

T

) below

T

c

and

Δ
γ
(
H
)
∝

H

0.65

. However, bct-YRh4B4 is a dirty limit superconductor and has an anisotropic superconducting gap from the results of

C

el

∝

T

3

below

T

c

and

Δ
γ
(
H
)
∝
H

.
Influence of surrounding vortices on critical current of a Nb/Al-AlO
x
/Nb Josephson junction
Authors: Pan Yinping , Zhang Denghui , Yang Ruoting , Wu Guangting , Zeng Junwen , Peng Wei , Wang Zhen , Ren Jie , Chen Lei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Resistively shunted Nb/Al-AlO
x
/Nb Josephson junctions have been widely used in large-scale superconducting electronics such as the single-flux quantum circuit. The critical current primarily determines the working margin of the circuit. The distribution of vortices in the niobium film around superconducting devices is also commonly suspected to degrade the performance of devices. Unfortunately, most studies on Nb/Al-AlO
x
/Nb Josephson junctions only present electric transport measurements. Using a magnetic force microscope, we observed the static distribution of the vortices around the junction after sweeping the current–voltage curves of the junction in-situ. The measurements showed that the distribution density of vortices affected the critical current of the junction. Furthermore, we observed an aggregation of vortices arising from the Joule heat generated by the shunt resistor. This caused an irreversible decrease in the junction’s critical current.
Multi-pico-Coulomb and multi-GeV electron beam generation from LWFA with a cm scale gas cell
Authors: Ghotra Harjit Singh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Analytical calculations are made for the scaling and design parameters for the generation of a multi-pico Coulomb and multi-GeV electron beam from a laser Wakefield acceleration (LWFA). The numerical values are optimized for electron acceleration from a cm-scale gas cell and self-guided laser plasma in the bubble domain, where the low-density plasma serves as an accelerating medium. A graphical analysis of the matched parameters is presented for 1–10 GeV electron beam energy gain, where the laser pulse is powered between 30 ∼ 700 TW with delivery capabilities of 1–100 J pulse energy, 25–150 fs pulse duration, and 15–95 μm spot size operating with 1018–19 W cm−2 laser intensity at a plasma density ∼1017 cm−3. The result shows the generation of multi-pico-Coulomb and multi-GeV electron beams. These parameters will be helpful for the future LWFA related experiments using cm scale gas cells in the bubble regime.