bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposit? Yes, please! The effect of different modes of assigning reward- and deposit-based financial incentives on effort
Authors: Lipman Stefan A. , Boderie Nienke W. , Been Jasper V. , van Kippersluis Hans 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The effectiveness and uptake of financial incentives can differ substantially between reward- and deposit-based incentives. Therefore, it is unclear to whom and how different incentives should be assigned. In this study, the effect of different modes of assigning reward- and deposit-based financial incentives on effort is explored in a two-session experiment. First, students’ (n = 228, recruited online) discounting, loss aversion and willingness to pay a deposit were elicited. Second, an incentivized real-effort task was completed (n = 171, 25% drop-out). Two modes of assigning reward- or deposit-based financial incentives were compared: random assignment and ‘nudged’ assignment – assignment based on respondent characteristics allowing opting out. Our results show that respondents receiving nudged assignment earned more and persisted longer on the real-effort task than respondents randomly assigned to incentives. We find no differences in effectiveness between reward-based or deposit-based incentives. Overall, 39% of respondents in the nudged assignment mode followed-up the advice to take deposit-based incentives. The effect of deposit-based incentives was larger for the respondents who followed-up the advice than for respondents that randomly received deposit-based incentives. Overall, these findings suggest that nudged assignment may increase incentives’ effect on effort. Future work should extend this approach to other contexts (e.g., behaviour change).
Wake of wavy elliptic cylinder at a low Reynolds number: wavelength effect
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Bai Honglei , Alam Md. Mahbub , Ji Chunning , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: August 2023

Effects of the spanwise wavelength (λ) of a sinusoidal wavy cylinder with elliptic cross-section on wake structures and fluid forces are numerically investigated at a Reynolds number Re = 100. A wide range of the wavelength,

$0.43 \le \lambda /{D_m} \le 8.59$

, is considered with a wave amplitude of a/Dm = 0.048, where Dm is the hydraulic diameter of the wavy cylinder. Based on vortical structures, Strouhal number (St) and wake closure length (Lc), fluid forces, streamline topologies and spatio-temporal evolutions of the near wake, five distinct flow patterns (I–V) are identified depending on λ/Dm. The drag force reaches its minimum in pattern III, the fluctuating lift force is zero in flow patterns III and IV. Distinct from the classical flow where alternate vortex shedding occurs synchronously over the entire cylinder span, flow pattern IV has alternate vortex shedding over a one half-wavelength of the wavy elliptic cylinder, antiphased with that over the other half-wavelength, thus leading to zero fluctuating lift over one complete wavelength. A thorough comparison of the wakes is made between the wavy elliptic cylinder and wavy circular or square cylinder, distinguishing the underlying flow physics behind the salient behaviours observed.
Introduction of the euryhaline epibenthic hydromedusa Vallentinia gabriellae Vannucci Mendes, 1948 (Hydrozoa: Limnomedusae) to Indian waters
Authors: Hari Praved P. , Neethu K. V. , Govindarajan Annette F. , Bijoy Nandan S. , Aneesh B. P. , Jayachandran P. R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The epibenthic euryhaline hydromedusa Vallentinia gabriellae Vannucci Mendes, 1948 is an olindiid species native to tropical Atlantic waters. Here, we describe the cryptic introduction of this species in an estuary along the coast of Kerala, in southwestern India. This study records the existence of V. gabriellae outside of Atlantic waters for the first time and documents its geographical range expansion. Our identification was based on a combined morphological and DNA barcoding assessment using the COI and 28S markers. Although we noted some morphological differences between our specimens and those from their native range, our findings were conclusive. We suggest that phenotypic plasticity may result from differences such as prey availability between the native and introduced habitats. V. gabriellae medusae are epibenthic and cling to a variety of hard and soft substrates, including bivalves. Our specimens were associated with the invasive fouling mussel Mytella strigata, and we suggest that V. gabriellae could have been transported along with these mussels to the Kerala coast.
Introduction: The Crowd in the History of Political Thought—Visions of the People
Authors: Jaffe S. N. , Ferrer Guillermo Graíño 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe article introduces the second part of a symposium, “The Crowd in the History of Political Thought,” which is being published as a two-part special issue, and which explores visions of the role of the people and populism in the writings of past thinkers. The articles in this second part are by European scholars with disparate interests and approaches to the history of political thought. Populism proves difficult to define, partly because populist politicians evince different understandings of “the people” and the purpose of government. The liberal, democratic, and national visions of “the people” can be harmonious but can also become disharmonious. Untangling them by exploring how thinkers in the history of political thought distinguished between crowds and peoples can help us to better understand the ideological dynamics of our moment. Articles on Hobbes and Spinoza offer disparate accounts of the differences between peoples and crowds. Herder, by contrast, helps us understand the political self-determination of peoples, while Schmitt and Arendt offer rival visions of the tensions between democratic and liberal principles.
Substitution Principle and semidirect products
Authors: Borlido Célia , Gehrke Mai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the classical theory of regular languages, the concept of recognition by profinite monoids is an important tool. Beyond regularity, Boolean spaces with internal monoids (BiMs) were recently proposed as a generalization. On the other hand, fragments of logic defining regular languages can be studied inductively via the so-called “Substitution Principle.” In this paper, we make the logical underpinnings of this principle explicit and extend it to arbitrary languages using Stone duality. Subsequently, we show how it can be used to obtain topo-algebraic recognizers for classes of languages defined by a wide class of first-order logic fragments. This naturally leads to a notion of semidirect product of BiMs extending the classical such construction for profinite monoids. Our main result is a generalization of Almeida and Weil’s Decomposition Theorem for semidirect products from the profinite setting to that of BiMs. This is a crucial step in a program to extend the profinite methods of regular language theory to the setting of complexity theory.
Creating a large-scale diachronic corpus resource: Automated parsing in the Greek papyri (and beyond)
Authors: Keersmaekers Alek , Van Hal Toon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores how to syntactically parse Ancient Greek texts automatically and maps ways of fruitfully employing the results of such an automated analysis. Special attention is given to documentary papyrus texts, a large diachronic corpus of non-literary Greek, which presents a unique set of challenges to tackle. By making use of the Stanford Graph-Based Neural Dependency Parser, we show that through careful curation of the parsing data and several manipulation strategies, it is possible to achieve an Labeled Attachment Score of about 0.85 for this corpus. We also explain how the data can be converted back to its original (Ancient Greek Dependency Treebanks) format. We describe the results of several tests we have carried out to improve parsing results, with special attention paid to the impact of the annotation format on parser achievements. In addition, we offer a detailed qualitative analysis of the remaining errors, including possible ways to solve them. Moreover, the paper gives an overview of the valorisation possibilities of an automatically annotated corpus of Ancient Greek texts in the fields of linguistics, language education and humanities studies in general. The concluding section critically analyses the remaining difficulties and outlines avenues to further improve the parsing quality and the ensuing practical applications.
PGST: A Persian gender style transfer method
Authors: Khanmohammadi Reza , Mirroshandel Seyed Abolghasem 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent developments in text style transfer have led this field to be more highlighted than ever. There are many challenges associated with transferring the style of input text such as fluency and content preservation that need to be addressed. In this research, we present PGST, a novel Persian text style transfer approach in the gender domain, composed of different constituent elements. Established on the significance of parts of speech tags, our method is the first that successfully transfers the gendered linguistic style of Persian text. We have proceeded with a pre-trained word embedding for token replacement purposes, a character-based token classifier for gender exchange purposes, and a beam search algorithm for extracting the most fluent combination. Since different approaches are introduced in our research, we determine a trade-off value for evaluating different models’ success in faking our gender identification model with transferred text. Our research focuses primarily on Persian, but since there is no Persian baseline available, we applied our method to a highly studied gender-tagged English corpus and compared it to state-of-the-art English variants to demonstrate its applicability. Our final approach successfully defeated English and Persian gender identification models by 45.6% and 39.2%, respectively.
Undesired monetary policy effects in a bubbly world
Authors: Ciccarone Giuseppe , Giuli Francesco , Marchetti Enrico , Patella Valeria , Tancioni Massimiliano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStock market bubbles arise as a joint monetary and financial phenomenon. We assess the potential of monetary policy in mitigating the onset of bubbles by means of a Markov-switching Bayesian Vector Autoregression model estimated on US 1960–2019 data. Bubbles are detected and dated from the regime-specific interplay among asset prices, fundamental values, and monetary policy shocks. We rationalize the empirical evidence with an Overlapping Generations model, able to generate a bubbly scenario with shifts in monetary policy, and where agents form beliefs over transition dynamics. By matching the VAR impulse responses, we find that procyclicality and financial instability align with high equity premia and the presence of asset price bubbles. Monetary policy tightening, by increasing real rates, is ineffective in deflating bubble episodes.
Social Death and Rastafari Reason
Authors: Shilliam Robbie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrlando Patterson’s concept of “social death” has yet to receive a critical analysis congruent to the ethos of Black Studies, which impels us to contextualize struggles over knowledge formation as part of struggles for, against, and over Black community. In this article, I situate the early Patterson not only within an imperial academy but also within its contested Black spaces of post-emancipation independence. I demonstrate how Patterson’s intellectual path was shaped by his interactions with the Rastafari movement around the cusp of Jamaica’s independence. But I also argue that in his evaluation of the movement Patterson denuded Rastafari of reason. Examining the same concerns of Patterson but through Rastafari reasoning demonstrates that his concept of “social death” might be problematic in some important ways to the purposes of Black Studies.
Research and policy priorities to address drought and irrigation water resource risks in temperate agriculture
Authors: Holman Ian P. , Knox Jerry W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Droughts are a major global natural hazard, creating negative environmental and socio-economic impacts across a broad spectrum of sectors. However, agriculture is often the first sector to be impacted due to prolonged rainfall shortages reducing available soil moisture reserves with negative consequences for both rainfed and irrigated food crop production and for livestock. In the UK, recent droughts in 2018 and 2022 have highlighted the vulnerability of the agricultural and horticultural sectors since most production is rainfed and entirely dependent on the capricious nature of summer rainfall. Surprisingly, despite recognition of the agronomic and economic risks, there remains a paucity of evidence on the multi-scalar impacts of drought, including the impacts on crop yields and quality, the financial implications for farming and the consequences for fresh produce supply chains. Drawing on published grey and science literature, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of drought impacts on U.K. agriculture, including characterisation of the sensitivity of the main sub-sectors to different types of drought, a critique of the short-term coping responses and longer-term strategies and identification of the main knowledge gaps which need to be addressed through a concerted effort of research and development to inform future policies focussing on climate change risk assessment for agriculture. Although the review focuses predominantly on U.K. evidence, the insights and findings are relevant to understanding drought impacts and risk management strategies in other temperate and humid regions where agriculture is a fundamentally important component of the economy.
Difference in Relative Paleointensity Recording Efficiency of Magnetic Mineral Constituents in a Sediment Core Off Chile
Authors: Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Li Jiaxi , Shimono Takaya , Kanamatsu Toshiya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProgress of relative paleointensity (RPI) estimations using marine sediments has greatly contributed to better understanding of the behavior of the past geomagnetic field. To enhance further the reliability of RPI estimations, we must overcome the problem that climatically induced variations of magnetic‐mineral assemblages in sediments may influence RPI records. Two major constituents of magnetic‐mineral assemblages in marine sediments are magnetofossils and detrital magnetic minerals, and the latter consists of silicate‐hosted magnetic inclusions and unprotected magnetic minerals. It is necessary to understand different RPI recording efficiencies among those constituents to tackle the problem, but previous evaluations were inconclusive. We studied this issue using a sediment core taken from the southeast Pacific Ocean. Rock‐magnetic investigations revealed that the magnetic mineral assemblage of this core during the last ∼900 Kyr is a mixture of low‐coercivity magnetofossils and middle‐coercivity detrital unprotected partially oxidized magnetite. Natural remanent magnetization versus isothermal remanent magnetization demagnetization diagram showed strong convex curvature, and RPI signals carried by the two components could be separated by calculating RPI from the gradients of 20–40 and 70–160 mT segments. We confirmed that RPI recording efficiency of magnetofossils is lower than that of detrital unprotected magnetites/maghemites. Because of the marginal overlap between the coercivity ranges of the two components, changes in their relative abundance do not influence RPI estimations. This condition is ideal for RPI estimations, and the resulted RPI curve closely coincides with that of the PISO‐1500 stack despite changes in the relative abundance of the two components.
Provenance of Aeolian Dust Revealed by (234U/238U) Activity Ratios in Cryoconites From High‐Altitude Glaciers in Western China and Its Transport and Settlement Mechanisms
Authors: Jiao Xiaoyu , Dong Zhiwen , Baccolo Giovanni , Chen Xuejiao , Qin Xiang , Shao Yaping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAsian dust has significant impacts on atmospheric systems and global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we applied the U isotopic method to trace sediments based on their comminuting age, analyzing the uranium isotopes of cryoconite samples from various glaciers in western China, including the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Tianshan Mountains. We aimed to explore the spatial variability of the (234U/238U) activity ratio and residence time, as well as the transport mechanism of the dust cycle in the region. Additionally, we used Nd‐Sr isotopes data from our previous work to jointly determine the provenance. Our results indicate that the average (234U/238U) activity ratios in southern TP glaciers are higher, with mean range of 0.981–0.993, while those in northeastern TP locations are lower, with mean of 0.974. This suggests a decreasing trend from south to north. In the Tianshan region, the (234U/238U) activity ratio is higher in central areas compared to eastern areas, with a mean range of 0.984–0.996, indicating a decreasing trend from west to east. U‐Sr‐Nd isotopes analysis showed that dust provenance is from multiple sources, including long‐range transported and local dust inputs from the glacier basins, mainly originating from the TP surface and central Asian arid regions. Using the end‐member mixing model analysis and meteorological data, we interpret that the cryoconite dust in eastern Tianshan and Qilian Mountains comes from a complex mixture of the southern Gobi, northern TP surface dust, and Taklimakan and Alxa arid deserts. In contrast, the glacial dust in southern TP locations originates mainly from the plateau surface dust. Our findings suggest that the uranium isotopes in high‐altitude glaciers are primarily influenced by the origins of dust, which are affected by related atmospheric circulation. We also developed a conceptual model to illustrate the complete process of U isotopic fragmentation and migration changes during dust production, transport, and deposition in the TP region.
A single-cell atlas of in vitro multiculture systems uncovers the in vivo lineage trajectory and cell state in the human lung
Authors: Lee Woochan , Lee Seyoon , Yoon Jung-Ki , Lee Dakyung , Kim Yuri , Han Yeon Bi , Kim Rokhyun , Moon Sungji , Park Young Jun , Park Kyunghyuk , Cha Bukyoung , Choi Jaeyong , Kim Juhyun , Ha Na-young , Kim Kwhanmien , Cho Sukki , Cho Nam-Hyuk , Desai Tushar J. , Chung Jin-Haeng , Lee Joo-Hyeon , Kim Jong-Il 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present an in-depth single-cell atlas of in vitro multiculture systems on human primary airway epithelium derived from normal and diseased lungs of 27 individual donors. Our large-scale single-cell profiling identified new cell states and differentiation trajectories of rare airway epithelial cell types in human distal lungs. By integrating single-cell datasets of human lung tissues, we discovered immune-primed subsets enriched in lungs and organoids derived from patients with chronic respiratory disease. To demonstrate the full potential of our platform, we further illustrate transcriptomic responses to various respiratory virus infections in vitro airway models. Our work constitutes a single-cell roadmap for the cellular and molecular characteristics of human primary lung cells in vitro and their relevance to human tissues in vivo.
Polygenic contributions to performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task
Authors: Nurmi E. L. , Laughlin C. P. , de Wit H. , Palmer A. A. , MacKillop J. , Cannon T. D. , Bilder R. M. , Congdon E. , Sabb F. W. , Seaman L. C. , McElroy J. J. , Libowitz M. R. , Weafer J. , Gray J. , Dean A. C. , Hellemann G. S. , London E. D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRisky decision-making is a common, heritable endophenotype seen across many psychiatric disorders. Its underlying genetic architecture is incompletely explored. We examined behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which tests risky decision-making, in two independent samples of European ancestry. One sample (n = 1138) comprised healthy participants and some psychiatric patients (53 schizophrenia, 42 bipolar disorder, 47 ADHD); the other (n = 911) excluded for recent treatment of various psychiatric disorders but not ADHD. Participants provided DNA and performed the BART, indexed by mean adjusted pumps. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for discovery in each dataset and tested it in the other as replication. Subsequently, a genome-wide MEGA-analysis, combining both samples, tested genetic correlation with risk-taking self-report in the UK Biobank sample and psychiatric phenotypes characterized by risk-taking (ADHD, Bipolar Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, prior cannabis use) in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. The PRS for BART performance in one dataset predicted task performance in the replication sample (r = 0.13, p = 0.000012, pFDR = 0.000052), as did the reciprocal analysis (r = 0.09, p = 0.0083, pFDR=0.04). Excluding participants with psychiatric diagnoses produced similar results. The MEGA-GWAS identified a single SNP (rs12023073; p = 3.24 × 10−8) near IGSF21, a protein involved in inhibitory brain synapses; replication samples are needed to validate this result. A PRS for self-reported cannabis use (p = 0.00047, pFDR = 0.0053), but not self-reported risk-taking or psychiatric disorder status, predicted behavior on the BART in our MEGA-GWAS sample. The findings reveal polygenic architecture of risky decision-making as measured by the BART and highlight its overlap with cannabis use.
Neural representations of anxiety in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a multivariate approach
Authors: Seiger René , Reggente Nicco , Majid D.S.-Adnan , Ly Ronald , Tadayonnejad Reza , Strober Michael , Feusner Jamie D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by low body weight, fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. Anxiety may play a role in the formation and course of the illness, especially related to situations involving food, eating, weight, and body image. To understand distributed patterns and consistency of neural responses related to anxiety, we enrolled 25 female adolescents with AN and 22 non-clinical female adolescents with mild anxiety who underwent two fMRI sessions in which they saw personalized anxiety-provoking word stimuli and neutral words. Consistency in brain response patterns across trials was determined using a multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA) approach within anxiety circuits and in a whole-brain voxel-wise searchlight analysis. In the AN group there was higher representational similarity for anxiety-provoking compared with neutral stimuli predominantly in prefrontal regions including the frontal pole, medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex, although no significant group differences. Severity of anxiety correlated with consistency of brain responses within anxiety circuits and in cortical and subcortical regions including the frontal pole, middle frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, lateral occipital cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum. Higher consistency of activation in those with more severe anxiety symptoms suggests the possibility of a greater degree of conditioned brain responses evoked by personally-relevant emotional stimuli. Anxiety elicited by disorder-related stimuli may activate stereotyped, previously-learned neural responses within- and outside of classical anxiety circuits. Results have implications for understanding consistent and automatic responding to environmental stimuli that may play a role in maintenance of AN.