bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of water for human consumption in public schools in Maceió, Alagoas
Authors: Brandão Thaysa , Nobre Myllena , Silva Maria , Padilha Bruna , Silva Edneide , Vieira Ana , Barbosa LIDIA , Veiga Gabriela , Lima Flavia , Souza Laudilse 
Published: September 2023

The study evaluated the microbiological quality of water for human consumption in teaching units of the municipal public network in Maceió, Alagoas, and verified the hygienic-sanitary conditions of their water tanks and piping systems. This is an observational and descriptive study, carried out in 20 educational units supplied by artesian wells. Water samples were collected from the artesian well and the unit's kitchen faucet. The water quality was evaluated by the test of total coliforms and E. coli, based on the presence/absence of Colilert substrate, and classified as “acceptable” or “unacceptable”. The hygienic-sanitary conditions of the pipes and tanks were evaluated based on a checklist. In 50% of the teaching units, the water quality was unacceptable. Regarding hygienic-sanitary conditions, 73.7% of the units complied with current legislation with regard to structure, hygiene and coating material. However, in 95.0%, the cleaning of the water tanks had not been carried out as recommended by federal legislation; consequently there was a lack of records of the procedures performed. These schools risk transmission of waterborne and foodborne diseases from the water that is used to prepare beverages and food for the schoolchildren. Therefore, it is important to adopt effective measures to control and monitor water quality in order to correct the situation found in these schools.
Freed from the Fear of Hell: Machiavelli's Restyling of Afterlife and His Theory of Emancipation
Authors: Capaccioli Guido 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In several texts, Machiavelli alludes to an unorthodox idea of the underworld. Hell is presented as an exclusive environment where only the greatest souls are welcome to discuss the matter of state for all eternity. In his novella Belfagor, Machiavelli even describes the reign of Minos as a virtuous republic populated with fellow devils that are more naive than the diabolical Florentines. In this article, I propose that Machiavelli's unprecedented desecration of Hell aims to liberate his fellow citizens from the yoke of modern Christian morality. This is his attempt at dignifying people whose fear of transgressing the laws of men and God numbs their conscience and ultimately paralyzes civic activism. Therefore, it is also a way to emancipate the masses, both spiritually and politically. Freed from the fear of the afterlife's punishments, citizens can reawaken the once-lost civic virtue of the ancients.
What's Eating Dad? Father Hunger and Hybridity in Viola Chandra's Medium Light with Nuts
Authors: Kierans Eilis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this article, I examine the work of Gabriella Kuruvilla and engage closely with father-daughter eating disorder theory in order to elucidate the significant factors that affect the precarious eating behavior of the protagonist Valentina. In doing so, I illuminate how patriarchal thinking is at play in the protagonist's own construction of her eating disorder narrative. Finally, I consider the role of race and ethnicity in the eating disorder equation so as to illuminate the failure of Valentina's parents to accept her hybrid identity as both Indian and Italian, which, in turn, fuels her sense of Otherness and fragmentation.
Olympic Agenda 2020 and Paris 2024: Driving Change or Rhetoric as Usual?
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Gustavo , Delaplace Marie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Protests over sustainability concerns attached to hosting the Olympic Games have resulted in several bid withdrawals and a low number of candidate cities willing to host the most recent editions. Worried about the future, the International Olympic Committee adopted the Olympic Agenda 2020, promising to adapt the event to contemporary sustainability paradigms. Some of its urban-related reforms have already impacted recently hosted Games and are impacting the planning for those to come. The IOC claims that Paris 2024 will be the first Games to be fully aligned with the Agenda. This article addresses the urban preparations for Paris 2024 and assesses their alignment with the new reforms. The objective is to identify difficulties in the implementation of the Agenda and to outline future research that can, potentially, enhance its efficiency. Results reveal Paris 2024 is innovative but certain features are difficult to implement, leaving room to improve the Agenda.
Sleep and health during the first 1000 nights
Authors:   , Harskamp-Ginkel Margreet Willie 
Published: September 2023

Given the importance of sleep for both our physical and mental health, developing good sleep health is pivotal. In the introductory chapter 1 we describe that the development of sleep starts during the period between conception and a child’s second birthday, in this thesis referred to as the first 1000 nights of life. In this period fetal brain structures develop, as is the child’s sleep-wake rhythm. The environment of the child is known to influence adaptive responses and potential epigenetic mechanisms. This was first hypothesized by Barker and is also known as 'fetal programming'. Emergent themes in fetal programming are effects of psychological or physiological stress during the first 1000 nights. Sleep health during this period could be one of these stressors and we therefore studied the association with later childhood sleep and health.
The overall theme of this thesis is a public health perspective on sleep during the first 1000 nights. The axiom is that developing good sleeping habits early on in life, may result in a life-long benefit, not only for sleep itself, but also for cognitive and behavioral development and cardio-metabolic health.
The first research question was ‘What is the association of sleep during early stages of life (between conception and the second birthday) and childhood cardio-metabolic health outcomes (age 4-12 years)?’
The second research question was ‘What are potential determinants and parental health care needs regarding sleep in early life (between conception and the second birthday)?’
Our main conclusions are:
A.	Sleep and health of mother and child have a bi-directional relationship and are affected by multiple environmental factors during the first 1000 nights.
B.	Infant problematic sleep is common and often coincides with excessive infant crying as well as mental complaints in parents.
C.	Problematic sleep seems persistent from infancy to childhood.
Our findings support the hypothesis of fetal programming in the development of sleep health. Fetal programming is affected by the in-utero and early life environment. We found environmental determinants during pregnancy and infancy that had a strong association with later childhood sleep problems.

Our final conclusion is that infant sleep problems are common and often coincide with excessive infant crying as well as mental complaints in parents. During the first 1000 nights, sleep and health of mother and child have a bi-directional relationship. Sleep problems can originate from various environmental factors during the first 1000 nights and can be persistent from infancy to later childhood. Health care support should, in addition to alleviating infant crying or sleep problems, also address parental wellbeing.
EFEKTIVITAS PENDEKATAN BERMAIN DALAM MEMPERBAIKI HASIL BELAJAR LARI SPRINT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN LURING MASA PANDEMIC COVID 19 SISWA KELAS X SMA S KAMPUS TELUKDALAM KABUPATEN NIAS SELATAN TAHUN AJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Kemurnian Buulolo  , Boby Helmi  
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat Efektifitas Pendekatan Bermain Dalam Memperbaiki Hasil Belajar Lari Sprint Dalam Pembelajaran Luring Masa Pandemic Covid 19 Siswa Kelas X SMA S Kampus Telukdalam, Kabupaten Nias Selatan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dan subjek penelitian adalah kelas yang memiliki masalah tertentu. Kelas yang diteliti terdiri dari 26 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar dan lembar pengamatan atau observasi. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, terlihat peningkatan pada siklus I sebesar 57,69%, kemudian meningkat menjadi 88,46% pada siklus II. Dari analisis data juga dapat diketahui bahwa hasil belajar siswa dari tes hasil belajar sebelum menggunakan pemanfaatan media permainan masih sangat rendah. Maka dilakukan pemberian pemanfaatan media permainan pada proses pembelajaran. Pembelajaran lari sprint tuntas setelah siklus II, ini dikarenakan pemberian motivasi yang memicu semangat siswa untuk belajar dan perubahan variasi pembelajaran. Sedangkan pada siklus I, siswa belum terbiasa dengan metode mengajar yang diberikan peneliti, sehingga siswa perlu beradaptasi dengan metode belajar yang diberikan oleh peneliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa dengan pemanfaatan pendektan bermain di Kelas X SMA S Kampus Telukdalam, Kabupaten Nias Selatan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus II
Factors contributing to physical gender based violence reported at Ndola Central Hospital, Ndola, Zambia: a case control study
Authors: Ngonga Z. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To determine socio-demographic factors associated with gender-based violence (GBV).
Design: A case control study was conducted at Ndola Central Hospital Casualty Department. The study was conducted from December 2015 to July 2016. A sample size of 85 cases and 85 controls was calculatedafter a pilot study of 30 cases and 30 controls was conducted. Out of the pilot study 60% of people who drink alcohol reported that they experienced GBV- physical assault while 27.6% of people who drink alcohol reported that they did not experience GBV- physical assault. Based on these outcomes the sample size was calculated using Stat. Calc in Epi-Info version 7 with the power at 80%.
Main outcomes: From the adjusted odds ratio alcohol drinking increases the likelihood of GBV- physical assault by 2.25 times. Those living in high density areas are 2.23 times more at risk of GBV physical assault. Females are 2.27 times at risk of GBV physical assault unlike males.
Measures: The dependant (outcome) variable is GBVphysical assault. The independent (predictor) variables are; alcohol abuse, income level, area of residence and gender. These were chosen because these are some of the risk factors of GBV-physical according to literature.
Results: Out of the 179 patients who participated in the study, 93(52%) reported to have experienced GBVphysical assault regardless of age. Morefemales 67(68.4%) experienced GBV physical assault than males 26(32.1%). More than 2/3 of those who reported alcohol drinking 51(69.9%) experienced GBV-physical assault and only 40(40.0%) among those who did not report the outcome. Those from high density 82(56.9%) reported having experienced more GBV physical assault compared to 5(23.8%) of those from low density areas.
Conclusion: There is need for healthy life styles to be encouraged such as control of alcohol consumption in order to reduce GBV – physical assault due to alcohol intake. Sensitization campaigns and educational programmesought to be intensified in order to address factors that make females more prone to GBV-physical assault than males. Living in a high density area is a risk factor of GBV- physical assault as compared to living in a low density area. Therefore more sensitization programmes should be put in place at a societal level to reduce GBV – physical assault in such communities.
Determinants of optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS registered for antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gonah L , Mukwirimba A 
Published: September 2023

Background: Successful Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was shown to rely on high levels of medication adherence to enable maximum and durable viral suppression for the prolongation of life among people living with HIV/AIDS.
Objective: The study sought to determine individual and environmental factors that influence optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients registered at Morgester hospital.
Materials and methods: The study was a cross sectional study. Out of 515 registered patients, a sample of 330 HIV/AIDS patients on ART meeting the eligibility criteria was obtained from people seeking services from the Opportunistic Infection (OI) clinic at Morgenster hospital. Adherence was determined using the self-report 9 Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) with scores ranging from 0 to 13 where a score of 11 corresponds to 95% level dose adherence.
Results: The level of drug adherence (corresponding to 95% dose adherence) was 65% (n=215) among the study participants. Distance from the health institution, medication side effects and adolescence were associated with non-adherence (p = 0.029, p= 0.019 and p= 0.001 respectively). Demographic variables including sex, marital status, employment status and level of education had no association with non-adherence. Access to health education on the benefits and risks of non-adherence, and participation in ART support groups were seen to promote ART adherence among the study participants.
Conclusions: More research and interventions are required focusing on reasons and challenges of nonadherence to ART among adolescent HIV/AIDS patients, especially the social determinants of health surrounding ART adherence.
Determining treatment levels of comorbid psychiatric conditions in people with epilepsy attending selected local clinics in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Venevivi LB , Mbewe EK , Paul R 
Published: September 2023

Background: Psychiatric co-morbidities occur more frequently in patients with epilepsy but are usually undertreated. Treatment of these disorders is key to reducing mortality via suicide and other causes. This study determined the levels of treatment of psychiatric comorbidities at clinics in Lusaka, Zambia.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study at 5 randomly selected clinics within Lusaka with 397 respondents. These were patients attending epilepsy clinic for over 6 months, aged 18years and older. The Brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and a self-designed questionnaire for demographics and medical history were administered to determine how many needed treatment compared to those that were on actually treatment.
Results: Of the 397 participants enrolled, only 14(3.5%) had psychiatric disorders already diagnosed by the local staff and yet screening with BPRS showed that up to 158(39.8%) had comorbidity symptoms. 13(92.8%) of those pre-diagnosed with psychiatric comorbidity were on treatment. There was a significant association between male gender and psychiatry diagnosis (p=0.017).
Conclusion: The detection and treatment rate of psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy stands at 3.5% of the epilepsy population and comorbidity prevalence at about 39%. Less than 10% of those eligible receive treatment. This low treatment rate may contribute to poor treatment outcomes.
Modes of presentation, management and outcome of retinoblastoma treatment at University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Nyaywa Mutale , Mutati G Chipalo , Chintu C 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To establish the presentation, management and short-term outcomes of retinoblastoma treatment at UTH from January 2006- December 2012. treatment outcomes 6 months after initiation of treatment at The statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package SPSS version 20.
Method: This was a retrospective case series study of the modes of presentation, management of retinoblastoma and UTH from January 2006- December 2012. The data was collected from registers for the eye unit inpatient and outpatient, histopathology laboratory, pediatric oncology department as well as patients' files. The data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, histopathology reports, treatment modalities, and treatment outcome at 6 months after initiation of treatment.
Results: There were 57 African participants in the study of which 26 (45.6%) were males and 31 (54.4%) were females. The youngest was 0.75 months old while the oldest was 132 month old. The average age of the participants was 31.1 months old (with a standard deviation of 21.96). The average time lag from the onset of symptoms to treatment at UTH was 9.27 months with a minimum of one month and a maximum of 36 months. 71.2% had unilateral retinoblastoma, 28.8% had bilateral retinoblastoma however no trilateral retinoblastoma was observed. The most common presentations were proptosis (47.3%), leukocoria (36.8%), phthisis bulbi (4%), hyphema (2%), orbital cellulitis (1%) and uveitis (1%). The common treatment regimens were enucleation and chemotherapy (28.8%), exenteration and chemotherapy (15%), enucleation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (3.4%). Moreover, 8.5% had enucleation only whilst 3.4% had exenteration, chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment regimen. In the study, the treatment outcomes 6 months post initiation of treatment were abandoned treatment 17.5%, while 49.2% died and 33.3% were alive.
Conclusion: The common presentation was proptosis (47.3%) and leukocoria (36.8%). The most common treatment outcome was death, alive followed by abandonment treatment. Treatment was completed in 22% of the participants. Delay in diagnosis of retinoblastoma remains a challenge as seen in the study by the high mean lag time and late presentation. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma from the referral centers was accurate in 50 % of the patients. Awareness of retinoblastoma to primary health care givers and parents will help to improve early referrals. Further, we recommend the integration of knowledge of retinoblastoma into the curriculum of primary health care giver to facilitate quick referral of patient.
ALLIUM KARATAVIENSE O‘SIMLIGINI MAKRO VA MIKRO ELEMENLAR TAHLILI
Authors: Do‘saliyeva Safura Shavkatjon qizi , Xo'jayev Vaxobjon Umarovich 
Published: September 2023

Allium karataviense o‘simligining piyozi, novdasi, bargi, guli va urug‘ining mineral tarkibi induktiv bog‘langan plazmali optik emission spektrometriya usulida tadqiq qilish natijasida 22 ta elementning miqdori aniqlandi. Kaliy, kalsiy, natriy, magniy, fosfor va oltingugurt makroelementlari hamda temir, marganets va rux mikroelementlarining miqdori boshqa elementlarga nisbatan yuqoriroq ekanligi aniqlandi.
Jual Beli Cash Dan Kredit Pada Penyelenggaraan Acara Hajatan Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Firnando Hengki Firnando , Purnama Wari Nara Purnama Wari 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Jual beli sembako secara tunai dan kredit Toko Marimansyah yang berawal dari pelanggan penyelenggara hajatan, pemilik warung ritel, warung makanan dan usaha-usaha kecil lainya. pelanggan yang akan membeli sembako secara kredit mendapatkan harga yang berbeda dengan harga lebih tinggi dibandingkan beli tunai.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Jual Beli Cash Dan Kredit Pada Penyelenggaraan Acara Hajatan Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan metode pengumpulan data mengunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil penelitian maka di dapat bahwa Praktek Jual beli sembako secara kredit pada acara hajatan di took marimansyah memilik kriteria tertentu yakni pemilik warung makan, penyelenggara hajatan dan usaha-usaha kecil lainya terdapat kemudahan yang diberikan oleh pemilik toko yaitu jangka waktu pembayaran yang ditentukan, pembayaran tempo yang ditentukan menjadikan pelanggan bertahan ditoko tersebut. Dipandang berdasarkan prespektif hukum Islam jual beli sembako secara tunai pada acara hajatan ditoko marimansyah tujuan telah memenuhi ketentuan syara, namun pada kasus jual beli secara kredit belum memenuhi syarat dan rukun jual beli yang telah ditetapkan oleh syara’ karema jual beli kredit pada acara hajatan yang dilakukan mengandung unsur gharar (ketidakpastian) dengan tidak menetapkan jangka waktu pembayaran dan penjual tidak menentukan harga pengembalian barang yang memenuhi prinsip jual beli dalam hukum Islam yaitu adil
Association of Sex Determining Region Y Box 2 (SOX2) Expression with Histopathological Grading, Intramural and Extramural Vascular Invasion in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rizki Diana , Delyuzar Delyuzar , Alferraly T. Ibnu , Betty Betty , Soekimin Soekimin , S. Lukito Joko 
Published: September 2023

Background
Incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) worldwide varies widely (10 times). Ninety percent colorectal malignancies are adenocarcinomas. Expression SOX2 is associated with high tumor grade, invasion, metastasis as well as a prognostic predictor of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Objective: Analyze the association of SOX2 immunohistochemistry expression with histopathological grading, intramural and extramural vascular invasion in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Methods
Analytical study using a cross-sectional approach on 35 samples from the Anatomic Pathology Unit, H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Immunohistochemical staining of SOX2 mouse monoclonal antibody (Bioassay Technology Laboratory) was performed and expression assessed as low (0-3) and high (4-6). Differences in expression were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney correlation tests.
Results
The most patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were at age of 51-60 years (34.3%), male sex was more common (60%), the most tumor location was in the rectum (40%), the most depth of invasion was T3 (74.3%) , low grade was more common (60%), more intramural vascular invasion was found (40%), and the highest expression of SOX2 was found to high expression which mostly in the nucleus and cytoplasm (84.6%) There was no significant association between SOX2 expression and histopathological grading (p= 0.884) and there was no significant association between SOX2 expression and vascular invasion, both intramural and extramural (p= 0.390).
Conclusion
There was no significant association between SOX2 expression and histopathological grading and vascular invasion, both intramural and extramural.