bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal vascular study using OCTA In subjects at high genetic risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
Authors: López‐Cuenca Inés , Salobrar‐Garcia Elena , Sanchez‐Puebla Lidia , Espejel Eva , Del Arco Lucia García , Lozano María Pilar Rojas , Elvira‐Hurtado Lorena , Fernández‐Albarral José A. , Salazar Juan Jose , Ramírez‐Toraño Federico , Barabash Ana , De Hoz Rosa , Ramirez Jose Manuel , Ramirez Ana Isabel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To analyse morphological changes in retinal vascular network in 103 subjects with a high genetic risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) ((family history of AD(FH) and ApoE ɛ4 characterization (ApoE ɛ4)).Methods: OCTA images were analysed with two imaging software programs: AngioTool and Erlangen‐Angio‐Tool (EA‐Tool). Participating subjects were classified according to HF into HF− or HF+ and ApoE ɛ4 characterization into ApoE ɛ4− or ApoE ɛ4+. Vascular density was analysed considering two vascular risk factors: hypercholesterolemia (HCL) and arterial hypertension (HBP).Results: Taking account FH and allelic characterization, vascular changes were observed mainly in the peripapillary zone. In this zone, Angio‐Tool showed in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4− group a statistically significant higher of vessels surface area percentage compared to the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group. EA‐Tool showed in the C3 annulus in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group, statistically significant higher vascular densities compared to the groups: (i) FH− ApoE ɛ4− in sectors H3, H4, H10, and H11; and (ii) FH+ ApoE ɛ4− in sectors H4, and H12. In participants with vascular risk factors (LCH and BPH), statistically significant changes were found especially with EA‐Tool, both in the macular area, mainly in the deep plexus, and in the peripapillary area.Conclusions: In subjects with two genetic risk factors for the development of AD, OCTA is able to show an apparent increase in vascular density in some sectors of the retina, probably caused by the opening of arteriovenous shunts. This finding is one of the first vascular changes detectable by OCTA in this type of high‐risk subjects for the development of AD. This constitutes a promising biomarker to monitor the progression of the disease.
Therapeutic window and neuroprotection with 7,8‐Dihydroxyflavone in degenerating retinal ganglion cells after excitotoxic damage
Authors: Galindo‐Romero Caridad , Asís‐Martínez Javier , Navarro Manuel Angel Salinas , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Muñoz María Norte , Bernal‐Garro Jose M. , Ortega Alejandro Gallego , Vidal‐Villegas Beatriz , Perez Maria Paz Villegas , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the optimal therapeutic window of 7,8‐Dihydroxyflavone (DHF), an agonist of TrkB receptor, as a neuroprotectant for degenerative retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) due to an excitotoxic damage with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA).Methods: In adult albino Sprague–Dawley rats, NMDA (5 μl of 100 nM) was intravitreally injected into the left eye (day 0) and the animals were sacrificed after 7 days. In these animals, the treatment regimen of systemically administered DHF (5 mg/kg) was evaluated in four groups of increasing dose range (n = 8/group): a single injection of DHF (day −1), two injections (days −1 and 0), four injections (days −1, 0, 1 and 2) and seven injections (day −1 and one daily injection until processing). The number of Brn3a+RGCs was automatically quantified in whole‐mounted retinas. Once the optimal dose of DHF was stablished, the time course of Brn3a+RGCs degeneration was analysed at 3, 7 and 14 days after NMDA administration (n = 8/time‐point) and their treatment with 4 injections of DHF or vehicle (0.9% NaCl containing 1% DMSO). The number of Brn3a+RGCs in injured retinas was quantified and the spatial distribution was assessed with isodensity maps. As control, intact retinas were used.Results: Seven days after NMDA injury, DHF treatment increases the percentage of surviving Brn3a+RGCs from 27% to 68% when retinas were treated with one injection to four injections, respectively (p < 0.05). No significant changes were found between four or seven DHF injections, indicating that the optimal treatment regimen for DHF is four injections and showing a rescue of Brn3a+RGCs over the entire retinal surface. Using this DHF dose at different time‐points after NMDA injury, DHF treatment rescues most Brn3a+RGCs degeneration at 3 days and it decreases up to 56% at 14 days.Conclusions: DHF prevents RGC death following NMDA excitotoxic damage.
comparative analysis between early and late onset primary angle closure glaucoma
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Sapkal Shruti , Dada Tanuj , Yadav Suresh , Gupta Viney 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjective: This prospective observational pilot study aimed at comparing the aetiology and clinical profile of early onset primary angle closure glaucoma (EPACG) with late onset primary angle closure glaucoma (LPACG).Methods: The early (18–40 year) and late (≥50 year) onset PACG patients without any surgical intervention or any other pathology (leading to secondary angle closure) were enrolled. One eye of each patient was considered for analysis. Clinico‐demographic details of the patients were noted. Anterior segment optical tomography (CASIA2, Tomey Corporation, Japan), Ultrasound biomicroscopy (Vumax, Sonomed, NY) were performed to identify the etiopathogenesis among two groups.Results: Mean age of participants was 32.8 ± 7.8 years EPACG (n = 45) and 55.83 ± 6.7 years in the LPACG group (n = 31). Relative pupillary block (90.32%, n = 28) was the commonest mechanism of angle closure in LPACG while non pupillary block [66.67%, n = 31, pseudoplateau iris‐ 44.44% (n = 20), plateau iris‐24.44% (n = 11)] was the commonest mechanism in EPACG group. The EPACG had significantly shorter axial length (22.1 ± 1.1 vs 22.93 ± 1; p = 0.003), thinner lens (4.35 ± 0.3 vs. 4.6 ± 0.2; p = 0.01), more anterior relative lens position (0.19 ± 0.01 vs. 0.2 ± 0.01; p = 0.007), lesser anterior chamber depth (2.1 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.32; p = 0.01) and lesser anterior chamber area (15 ± 3.3 vs. 16.7 ± 3.4; p = 0.04) compared to LPACG. EPACG had greater lens vault (0.79 ± 0.4 vs. 0.61 ± 0.2; p = 0.01) compared to LPACG. Among the EPACG, 15.55%, (n = 7, vs. none in LPACG) had nanophthalmos. The BCVA was worse in EPACG (0.2 (range 0–2) vs. 0.6 (0–2) logMAR in LPACG) despite refractive error being more emmetropic vs LPACG.Conclusions: Non pupillary block mechanisms are more common in EPACG as compared to LPACG. Despite thinner lens, early onset group has greater lens vault and shorter axial length contributing to greater angle crowding and present with greater visual morbidity.
Retinal maculo‐papillary OCT and hippocampal and others cerebral areas MRI in subjects with a family history of Alzheimer's disease and allelic characterization for ApoE ɛ4
Authors: Sanchez‐Puebla Lidia , López‐Cuenca Inés , Salobrar‐Garcia Elena , Elvira‐Hurtado Lorena , Fernández‐Albarral José A. , Lozano María Pilar Rojas , Ramirez Ana Isabel , Salazar Juan Jose , Marcos‐Dolado Aberto , Fuertes Miguel Yus , Barabash Ana , Ramírez‐Toraño Federico , De Hoz Rosa , Ramirez Jose Manuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: In addition to advanced age, genetic inheritance is another predisposing factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Retinal changes already exist in preclinical stages, so the aim of this study was to analyse possible retinal changes in subjects at high risk of developing AD using OCT and correlate them with brain areas analysed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: Macular and peripapillary OCT and brain MRI were performed in 64 cognitively healthy subjects. 30 controls were subjects with no family history of AD and carrying no ApoE ɛ4 allele (FH− ApoE ɛ4−), while 34 subjects had an affected first‐degree relative and at least one ɛ4 allele (FH+ ApoE ɛ4+).Results: We observed in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group compared to the control group a significant volume reduction in the following macular areas: (i) macular RNFL (mRNFL), (ii) inner plexiform layer (IPL); (iii) inner nuclear layer (INL) and (iv) outer plexiform layer (OPL). Moreover, in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group the retinal sectors that showed a statistically significant decrease in volume correlated with brain areas that are affected in the early stages of AD, such as the lingual gyrus, the hippocampal region and the entorhinal cortex. In the same group, no statistically significant changes in thickness were found in the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) compared to the control group. However, correlations of these sectors with brain areas involved in this pathology were also found.Conclusions: In cognitively healthy subjects at high genetic risk of developing sporadic forms of AD, there are significant correlations between the changes observed in the retina and brain areas closely related to AD, such as the lingual gyrus, the hippocampal area and the entorhinal cortex.
Corneal fine‐needle diathermy with intrastromal and subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab in a child with corneal neovascularization of herpetic origin
Authors: Rivasés Guillermo Pérez , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , De Rivas Marta Orejudo , Arias Pablo Cisneros , Moscarda Eva Josefina Nuñez , Claveria Julia Aramburu , Fernandez Miguel Castillo , Martinez Marta Suñer , Millán Patricia Ramiro , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Corneal neovascularization (CNV) in the paediatric population has a variety of etiologies including bacterial ulcers, herpes keratitis, exposure keratopathy, blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and corneal anaesthesia. Monotherapy with antiangiogenic agents or corneal fine‐needle diathermy (FND) alone do not completely resolve CNV; however, the combined treatment of these two seems to offer better results.Methods: We present the results of FND with adjuvant injection of intrastromal and subconjunctival Bevacizumab in a child with CNV of herpetic origin.Results: A 3‐year‐old patient who has been treated in our hospital for corneal involvement in the left eye (LE) due to herpetic keratitis of weeks of evolution comes to our consultation. Examination under general anaesthesia reveals in LE an inferior paracentral corneal leukoma with partial involvement of the visual axis and CNV that enters through the limbus from 5 to 8 h and begins to involve corneal stroma; no epithelial lesions, no corneal oedema or inflammatory activity in the anterior segment. After not improvement, it was decided to perform FND of lower CNV in conjunction with an intrastromal injection and another subconjunctival injection of Bevacizumab. Subsequently, it remains stable with topical and oral antiherpetic treatment, and topical corticosteroid therapy. At 3 months, the CNV reactivated, for which FND + intrastromal and subconjunctival bevacizumab was performed again. Finally, at 2 months, the patient is asymptomatic with VA LE of 1.0, with 2 corneal leukomas without CNV or epithelial lesions, and continues to be treated with oral acyclovir at prophylactic doses.Conclusions: FND of CNV together with adjuvant treatment with intrastromal and subconjunctival Bevacizumab is a good choice in children to treat those active corneal neovascularizations that do not respond to corticosteroid.References1. Yeung SN, Lichtinger A, Kim P, Amiran MD, Slomovic AR. Combined use of subconjunctival and intracorneal bevacizumab injection for corneal neovascularization. Cornea. 2011; 30(10): 1110–4.2. Koenig Y, Bock F, Kruse FE, Stock K, Cursiefen C. Angioregressive pretreatment of mature corneal blood vessels before keratoplasty: Fine‐needle vessel coagulation combined with Anti‐VEGFs. Cornea. 2012; 31(8): 887–92.
Evaluation of intravitreal injection of blank microspheres in a new chronic glaucoma rat model
Authors: Aragón Alba , Garcia‐Herranz David , Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Perié Manuel Subías , Mendez‐Martínez Silvia , Arias Lorena , Munuera Ines , García‐Feijoó Julián , Pablo Luis E. , Garcia‐Martin Elena , Vanrell Rocío Herrero , Bravo‐Osuna Irene 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the intravitreal injection of PLGA/VitE non‐loaded microspheres as a potential platform to deliver neuroprotective active compounds in a chronic glaucoma animal model. In this model, a gradual increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) is observed due to physical and pharmacological damage to the trabecular meshwork by the intracameral injection of fibronectin‐loaded PLGA microspheres.Methods: Microspheres (Ms) employed to create the animal model were made by a double water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion technique where fibronectin was included in the inner aqueous phase (F‐Ms). PLGA/VitE blank Ms (B‐Ms) were made by a single oil‐in‐water emulsion. Ms were characterized regarding mean particle size, particle size distribution and morphology. In vivo studies were carried out in Long‐Evans rats divided into two groups: control (n = 30) and treated (n = 20). To create the model, both groups received a single intracameral injection of F‐Ms suspension (10% w/v) in the right eye (RE). Two weeks later, a suspension of B‐Ms (5% w/v) was intravitreally injected into the RE (treated group). Clinical signs and IOP were assessed in both groups for 12 weeks.Results: Ms were spherical with a smooth surface and some porous in the case of F‐Ms and with a typical “golf‐ball like” surface in the case of B‐Ms. Size distribution was unimodal with an average size of 16.45 ± 0.37 μm for F‐Ms and 29.95 ± 0.42 μm for B‐Ms. Both ocular injections were well tolerated. In all cases, IOP values significantly increased over time (p < 0.05) with a rise of 6–7 mmHg at 12 weeks. No significant differences were found between the IOP in the treated and the control group.Conclusions: Intravitreal injections of B‐Ms were well tolerated and did not affect the IOP increase of the animal model. These findings underline the suitability of the glaucoma animal model created by the intracameral injection F‐Ms for the evaluation of treatments based on intravitreal injection of PLGA/VitE‐based microsystems.
Inter‐Observer variability in MRI‐based target volume delineation of uveal melanoma
Authors: Beenakker Jan‐Willem , Jaarsma‐Coes Myriam , Klaassen Lisa , Verbist Berit , Vu Khanh , Klaver Yvonne , Rodrigues Myra , Nabarro Claire , Luyten Gre , van Herk Marcel , Rasch Coen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Several efforts are being undertaken towards MRI‐based treatment planning for ocular proton therapy for uveal melanoma (UM). The inter‐observer variability of the gross target volume (GTV) on MRI is one of the important parameters to design safety margins for a reliable treatment. Therefore, this study assessed the inter‐observer variation in tumour delineation of UM on MRI.Methods: Six observers delineated the tumour in 10 different UM patients using the Big Brother contouring software. Patients were scanned at 3 T MRI with a surface coil and tumours were delineated separately on contrast enhanced 3DT1 (T1gd) and 3DT2‐weighted scans with a resolution of 0.8 mm isotropic for the acquisition voxels (1). Volume difference and overall local variation were analysed for each patient. Additionally the local variation was analysed for four interfaces: sclera, vitreous, retinal detachment, and tumour‐choroid interface.Results: The average tumour contour was significantly larger on T1gd (0.57 cm3) compared to T2 (0.51cm3, p = 0.01). A not significant higher interobserver variation was found on T1gd (0.4 1 mm) compared to T2 (0.35 mm). The largest variations were found at the tumour‐choroid interface, due to peritumoral enhancement (T1gd: 0.62 mm and T2: 0.5 2 mm). As a result, a larger part of this tumour‐choroid interface appeared to be included on T1gd based GTVs compared to T2, explaining the smaller volumes on T2.Conclusions: The interobserver variation of 0.4 mm on MRI are low with respect to the voxel size of 0.8 mm. We recommend to delineate based on the T1gd‐weighted scans, as choroidal tumour extensions might be missed.Reference1. Ferreira, et al. MR imaging characteristics of uveal melanoma with histopathological validation. Neuroradiology. 2022; 64:171. doi: 10.1007/s00234‐021‐02825‐5.
Horizontal diplopia with right abducens palsy and gaze evoked nystagmus due to pontine lesion in human immunodeficiency virus related cerebral toxoplasmosis
Authors: Damanik Hidris , Wulandari Lely Retno , Vierlia Wino Vrieda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: This case report will discuss about the diagnostic approach in a rare case of horizontal diplopia with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) related Cerebral Toxoplasmosis.Methods: The diagnosis was based on history taking, ophthalmologic examinations, vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR) test, convergence test, nystagmus test, cerebellar function test, serological findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of head and orbita.Results: A 30 years old man with the main complaint binocular horizontal diplopia since 2 months ago, accompanied by headache, disorder of coordination, balance, speech and also impaired of memory and concentration. There was history of head injury and promiscuity. Visual acuity of both eyes 6/6 with best corrected visual acuity. There were abduction deficit on right eye, abducting nystagmus on left eye, no vestibular‐ocular reflex, no convergence insufficiency and no dysfunction of cerebellar. Immunoglobulin‐G antibodies Toxoplasma >650.0 IU/ml, Cluster Determinant 4 (CD4) T cell 55 cells/μl, and HIV reactive in serological findings. MRI of head and orbita revealed a lesion on pontine tegmentum. Patient was diagnosed with horizontal diplopia with right abducens palsy and gaze evoked nystagmus due to pontine lesion in HIV related cerebral toxoplasmosis.Conclusions: History taking and ophthalmologic examinations are important steps to establish the diagnosis. VOR test can determine the lesion in supranuclear, nuclear or infranuclear. Serological tests and MRI of head and orbita may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis and finding the cause of binocular horizontal diplopia.
Choroidal haemangioma and its multimodal diagnosis: A case report
Authors: Rivasés Guillermo Pérez , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , De Rivas Marta Orejudo , Arias Pablo Cisneros , Moscarda Eva Josefina Nuñez , Clavería Julia Aramburu , Fernandez Miguel Castillo , Martinez Marta Suñer , Floria Olivia Esteban , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of choroidal haemangioma with the aid of different multimodal images, as well as its usefulness for making a differential diagnosis.Methods: A case of a patient who comes due to blurred vision is described, who underwent different complementary tests of multimodal images: optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), autofluorescence (AF), ultrasound eye exam and retinography to achieve the accurate diagnosis.Results: We present the case of a 50‐year‐old patient who debuted with recently‐onset blurred vision in the left eye (LE). In the eye fundus of LE, a yellow‐orange temporal‐inferior lesion of 3 disc diameter (DD) with neurosensory detachment of 4 DD that affects the fovea is observed. An OCT is performed that shows a choroidal mass associated with subretinal and intraretinal fluid with hyperrefringent points, the B‐scan ultrasound shows a hyperechoic lesion in the posterior pole, and both ICGA and FA reveal a hyperfluorescent pattern in all its phases, being the choroidal vessels of better visualization in the latter phase (without double vascularization pattern). AF shows hyperautofluorescence. After the definitive diagnosis of choroidal haemangioma, he was referred for treatment with Argon laser with favourable results.Conclusions: Choroidal haemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumour that occurs in middle‐aged adults and can be circumscribed (CCH) or diffuse depending on its extension. For the diagnosis of intraocular tumours it is very important to make a good differential diagnosis with the help of multimodal images: OCT, FA, ICGA, AF, Ultrasound and retinography; in order to differentiate it from similar posterior pole lesions with worse prognosis. CCH itself is benign and asymptomatic, and its treatment consists of observation; but it can present inflammatory signs with subretinal fluid and affect the macular area and therefore a more invasive treatment is indicated.References.1. Singh AD, Kaiser PK, Sears JE. Choroidal hemangioma. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2005;18(1):151–61, ix.2. Berry M, Lucas LJH. Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma: A case report and literature review. J Optom. 2017;10(2):79–83.
The effect of preserved glaucoma eye drops exposure on glaucoma surgery prevalence and surgical failure in a French nationwide study between 2009 and 2017
Authors: Chamard Chloé , Bron Alain , Fouad Fayssoil , Debourdeau Eloi , Villain Max , Baudouin Christophe , Daien Vincent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Preservatives induce trabecula toxicity and conjunctival fibrosis. This may negatively affect the management of glaucoma by inducing uncontrolled intraocular pressure or excessive healing after surgery.Methods: To evaluate the association between preserved glaucoma eye drops exposure and the occurrence of glaucoma surgery as well as surgical failure. A retrospective analysis of French National database was conducted between January 1st 2009 and December 31st 2017 and followed until December 31st 2018. Patients were categorized as 0% preservative exposure, 100% preservative exposure and mixed exposure. The occurrence of glaucoma surgery was the main outcome and surgical failure the secondary outcome.Results: A total of 664 494 patients (57% women; median age, 66 years [interquartile range, IQR, 18.0 years]) with first glaucoma eye drops claim were included. Among them, 8467 (1.3%) individuals had glaucoma surgery with a median delay of 2 years (IQR, 3.3 years). The occurrence of glaucoma surgery was respectively 1.8 times higher (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8 [95% CI, 1.73–1.97], p = <0.001) for 100% preserved group, 2.7 times higher (HR, 2.7; [95% CI, 2.46–2.89]; p = <0.001) for mixed exposure compared to 0% preservatives group. Among patients with glaucoma surgery, 2671 (31.5%) individuals had surgical failure with a median delay of 6 months (IQR, 14.0 months). The risk of surgical failure increased by 1.5‐fold for 100% preserved group and low mixed group (HR = 1.5; [95% CI, 1.1–2.1]; HR = 1.5; [95% CI, 1.0–2.1], respectively) and by 1.7‐fold for high mixed group (HR = 1.7; [95% CI, 1.2–2.5]), compared to 0% preservatives group.Conclusions: An increased risk of glaucoma surgery and its failure was observed in patients treated with preserved glaucoma eye drops. This suggests the interest to initiate glaucoma treatment with preservative‐free eye drops to decrease trabecular toxicity and conjunctival fibrosis.