bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic enrichment of acylglycerols rich in n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by selective methanolysis: Optimization and kinetic studies
Authors: Jiang Cong , Wang Zixin , Huang Ye , Wang Xiaosan , Chang Ming , Wang Xingguo 
Published: May 2023

Abstractn − 3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n − 3 PUFA) have special physiological effect, but their contents in natural oils may not meet the growing demand. Lipase‐catalyzed selective methanolysis could be used to produce acylglycerols rich in n − 3 PUFA. To explore the kinetics of enzymatic methanolysis, factors affecting the reaction, including reaction system, water content, substrate molar ratio, temperature, lipase loading, and reaction time, were first investigated in the view of optimizing the reaction. Then the effects of triacylglycerol concentrations and methanol concentrations on initial reaction rate were studied. Finally, the key kinetic parameters of methanolysis were determined subsequently. The results showed that under optimal conditions, the n − 3 PUFA content in acylglycerols increased from 39.88% to 71.41%, and the n − 3 PUFA yield was 73.67%. The reaction followed a Ping‐Pong Bi Bi mechanism with inhibition by methanol. The kinetic analysis indicated the lipase could selectively remove saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in acylglycerols. The inhibition constant of methanol to the n − 3 PUFA (KiM, 0.30 mmol/L) was lower than that to the SFA and MUFA (219.64 and 79.71 mmol/L). The combined effects of the fatty acid selectivity of Candida antarctica lipase A and methanol inhibition resulted in an enrichment of n − 3 PUFA in acylglycerols. Overall, the methanolysis reaction catalyzed by the lipase A is a prospective enrichment method.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrated that enzymatic selective methanolysis is a prospective enrichment method to produce acylglycerols rich in n − 3 PUFA. This method is highly efficient, environment‐friendly, and simple. n − 3 PUFA concentrates have been widely applied in the food, health‐care food, and pharmaceutical industries.
Classification of early mechanical damage over time in pears based on hyperspectral imaging and transfer learning
Authors: Liu Dayang , Lv Feng , Wang Congcong , Wang Guanglai , Zhang Huiting , Guo Jingtao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMechanical damage of fresh fruit caused by compression and collision during harvesting and transportation is an urgent problem in the agricultural industry. The purpose of this work was to detect early mechanical damage of pears using hyperspectral imaging technology and advanced modeling techniques of transfer learning and convolutional neural networks. The visible/near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging system was applied to obtain the intact and damaged pears at three time points (2, 12, and 24 h) after compression or collision damage. After the hyperspectral images were preprocessed and feature‐extracted, ImageNet was used to pre‐train ConvNeXt network, and then, transfer learning strategy was applied from compression damage to collision damage to build the T_ConvNeXt model for classification. The results showed that the test set accuracy of fine‐tuned ConvNeXt model was 96.88% for compression damage time. For the classification of collision damage time, the test set accuracy of T_ConvNeXt network reached 96.61% and was 3.64% higher than the fine‐tuned ConvNeXt network. The number of training samples was proportionally reduced to verify the superiority of the T_ConvNeXt model, and the model was compared with conventional machine learning algorithms. This study achieved the classification of mechanical damage over time and achieved a generalized model for different damage types. The accurate prediction of pear damage time is crucial for determining proper storage conditions and shelf‐life time.Practical ApplicationThe T_ConvNeXt model proposed in this paper transferred from compression damage to collision damage effectively promoted the generality of the damage time classification model. Guidelines for choosing an effective shelf life from a commercial aspect were presented.
A patient with refractory proliferative lupus nephritis treated with telitacicept: A case report
Authors: Chen Jing‐Wen , Zhan Jing‐Yi , Liang Si‐Ping , Wang Xiao‐Dan , Lin Chang‐Song , Xu Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common type of organ damage which occurs in SLE patients and is characterized by recurrent proteinuria. Activation of B lymphocytes can lead to refractory LN, which is an important pathogenic factor in SLE. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and A proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) are predominantly produced by myeloid cells (monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, etc) to regulate B lymphocyte function. Telitacicept was the first dual‐targeting biological drug which targeted both BLyS and APRIL. Telitacicept has passed a phase II clinical trial and has since been approved for the treatment of SLE.Case PresentationWe report a case of SLE confirmed by renal biopsy as proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) with massive proteinuria, which was treated with telitacicept (European League Against Rheumatism / American College of Rheumatology 2019 standard). During the 19 months of follow‐up, the patient's renal function was stable, massive proteinuria was relieved, and creatinine and blood pressure did not increase.ConclusionsDuring the 19 months of telitacicept treatment (160 mg once weekly), PLN reduced blood system damage and proteinuria without increasing the risk of infection.
Perceptions about levels of harmful chemicals in e‐cigarettes relative to cigarettes, and associations with relative e‐cigarette harm perceptions, e‐cigarette use and interest
Authors: Wackowski Olivia A. , Bover Manderski Michelle T. , Gratale Stefanie K. , Weiger Caitlin V. , O'Connor Richard J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsExposure to chemicals contributes to harm from nicotine products, and e‐cigarette communications often refer to chemicals. However, while e‐cigarette studies commonly measure perceived harmfulness of e‐cigarettes relative to cigarettes, few have assessed comparative perceptions about chemicals. This study measured perceived levels of harmful chemicals in e‐cigarettes compared with cigarettes and associations with e‐cigarette/cigarette relative harm perceptions, e‐cigarette use and interest.Design, setting and participantsThis was an on‐line cross‐sectional survey of adults/young adults from a nationally representative research panel in the United States conducted in January 2021. Participants were independent samples of 1018 adults who smoked cigarettes and 1051 young adult non‐smokers (aged 18–29 years).MeasurementsParticipants were asked their perceptions of the level of harmful chemicals in e‐cigarettes versus cigarettes (fewer/about the same/more/do not know), perceived harmfulness of using e‐cigarette versus cigarettes (less/about the same/more/do not know) and their current e‐cigarette use and use interest.FindingsApproximately 20% of all participants (18.1% of adult smokers, and 21.0% of young adult non‐smokers) believed e‐cigarettes contain fewer harmful chemicals than cigarettes, while 35.6% of adult smokers and 24.9% of young adult non‐smokers responded ‘do not know’. Participants more frequently reported ‘do not know’ to the chemicals item than the harm item. Approximately half (51.0–55.7%) of those who believed e‐cigarettes contain fewer harmful chemicals also believed e‐cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes. Both beliefs were associated with higher odds of interest in using e‐cigarettes [less harmful belief, odds ratio (OR) = 5.53, 95% confidence interval (CI = 2.93–10.43); fewer chemicals belief, OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.40–4.29] and past 30‐day e‐cigarette use (less harmful belief, OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.17–5.44; fewer chemicals belief, OR = 5.09, 95% CI = 2.31–11.19) for adults who smoke, but not young adult non‐smokers.ConclusionsIn the United States, most adults who smoke cigarettes and young adult non‐smokers do not appear to think that e‐cigarettes have fewer harmful chemicals than cigarettes, and many are uncertain about how these levels compare.
Potential for modulation of platelet function via adenosine receptors during inflammation
Authors: Boncler Magdalena , Bartczak Kinga , Rozalski Marcin 
Published: May 2023

Traditionally, platelets are known to play an important role in haemostasis and thrombosis; however, they serve also as important modulators of inflammation and immunity. Platelets secrete adhesion molecules and cytokines, interact with leukocytes and endothelium, and express toll‐like receptors involved in a direct interaction with pathogens. Platelets express A2A and A2B subtypes of receptors for adenosine. The activation of these receptors leads to an increase in cAMP concentration in the cytoplasm, thereby resulting in inhibited secretion of pro‐inflammatory mediators and reduced cell activation. Therefore, platelet adenosine receptors could be a potential target for inhibiting platelet activation and thus down‐regulating inflammation or immunity. The biological effects of adenosine are short‐lasting, because the compound is rapidly metabolized; hence, its lability has triggered efforts to synthesize new, longer‐lasting adenosine analogues. In this article, we have reviewed the literature regarding the pharmacological potential of adenosine and other agonists of A2A and A2B receptors to affect platelet function during inflammation.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non‐thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc
Chromatin structure related to oncogenesis
Authors: Matsumoto Syota , Horikoshi Naoki , Takizawa Yoshimasa , Kurumizaka Hitoshi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChromatin is the fundamental structure of genomic DNA in eukaryotic cells. The nucleosome, the primary unit of chromatin, consists of DNA and histone proteins, and is important for the maintenance of genomic DNA. Histone mutations are present in many types of cancers, suggesting that chromatin and/or nucleosome structures could be closely related to cancer development. Histone modifications and histone variants are also involved in regulating chromatin and nucleosome structures. Chromatin structures are dynamically changed by nucleosome binding proteins. In this review article, we discuss the current progress toward understanding the relationship between chromatin structure and cancer development.
Co‐parenting and parenting behaviour: The role of parent mental health for mothers and fathers in the postnatal period
Authors: Schulz Madison L. , Wood Catherine E. , Giallo Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe relationship between co‐parenting, parent mental health and parenting remains unclear for parents during the postnatal period, particularly fathers. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate these relationships for families in the postnatal period. Routinely collected self‐report data from 138 mothers and 138 fathers participating in Family Foundations, a co‐parenting intervention facilitated by a community health service in Melbourne, were used. Path analysis revealed that for mothers, more supportive co‐parenting was associated with fewer mental health difficulties and, in turn, low parenting hostility and high parenting warmth. For fathers, supportive co‐parenting was associated with fewer mental health difficulties, which was associated with low parenting hostility but not parenting warmth. Co‐parenting was also directly associated with parenting warmth and hostility for fathers. The findings highlighted some key differences between mothers and fathers and the importance of interventions targeting the co‐parenting relationship during early childhood.
Makeup Extraction of 3D Representation via Illumination‐Aware Image Decomposition
Authors: Yang Xingchao , Taketomi Takafumi , Kanamori Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFacial makeup enriches the beauty of not only real humans but also virtual characters; therefore, makeup for 3D facial models is highly in demand in productions. However, painting directly on 3D faces and capturing real‐world makeup are costly, and extracting makeup from 2D images often struggles with shading effects and occlusions. This paper presents the first method for extracting makeup for 3D facial models from a single makeup portrait. Our method consists of the following three steps. First, we exploit the strong prior of 3D morphable models via regression‐based inverse rendering to extract coarse materials such as geometry and diffuse/specular albedos that are represented in the UV space. Second, we refine the coarse materials, which may have missing pixels due to occlusions. We apply inpainting and optimization. Finally, we extract the bare skin, makeup, and an alpha matte from the diffuse albedo. Our method offers various applications for not only 3D facial models but also 2D portrait images. The extracted makeup is well‐aligned in the UV space, from which we build a large‐scale makeup dataset and a parametric makeup model for 3D faces. Our disentangled materials also yield robust makeup transfer and illumination‐aware makeup interpolation/removal without a reference image.
A Variational Loop Shrinking Analogy for Handle and Tunnel Detection and Reeb Graph Construction on Surfaces
Authors: Weinrauch A. , Mlakar D. , Seidel H.P. , Steinberger M. , Zayer R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe humble loop shrinking property played a central role in the inception of modern topology but it has been eclipsed by more abstract algebraic formalisms. This is particularly true in the context of detecting relevant non‐contractible loops on surfaces where elaborate homological and/or graph theoretical constructs are favored in algorithmic solutions. In this work, we devise a variational analogy to the loop shrinking property and show that it yields a simple, intuitive, yet powerful solution allowing a streamlined treatment of the problem of handle and tunnel loop detection. Our formalization tracks the evolution of a diffusion front randomly initiated on a single location on the surface. Capitalizing on a diffuse interface representation combined with a set of rules for concurrent front interactions, we develop a dynamic data structure for tracking the evolution on the surface encoded as a sparse matrix which serves for performing both diffusion numerics and loop detection and acts as the workhorse of our fully parallel implementation. The substantiated results suggest our approach outperforms state of the art and robustly copes with highly detailed geometric models. As a byproduct, our approach can be used to construct Reeb graphs by diffusion thus avoiding commonly encountered issues when using Morse functions.
In‐the‐wild Material Appearance Editing using Perceptual Attributes
Authors: Subias J. Daniel , Lagunas M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntuitively editing the appearance of materials from a single image is a challenging task given the complexity of the interactions between light and matter, and the ambivalence of human perception. This problem has been traditionally addressed by estimating additional factors of the scene like geometry or illumination, thus solving an inverse rendering problem and subduing the final quality of the results to the quality of these estimations. We present a single‐image appearance editing framework that allows us to intuitively modify the material appearance of an object by increasing or decreasing high‐level perceptual attributes describing such appearance (e.g., glossy or metallic). Our framework takes as input an in‐the‐wild image of a single object, where geometry, material, and illumination are not controlled, and inverse rendering is not required. We rely on generative models and devise a novel architecture with Selective Transfer Unit (STU) cells that allow to preserve the high‐frequency details from the input image in the edited one. To train our framework we leverage a dataset with pairs of synthetic images rendered with physically‐based algorithms, and the corresponding crowd‐sourced ratings of high‐level perceptual attributes. We show that our material editing framework outperforms the state of the art, and showcase its applicability on synthetic images, in‐the‐wild real‐world photographs, and video sequences.
Allergic reactivity for different dilutions of eugenol in repeated open application test and patch testing
Authors: Ofenloch Robert F. , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Foti Caterina , Giménez‐Arnau Ana Maria , Mowitz Martin , Salvador Juan Francisco Silvestre , Svedman Cecilia , Bruze Magnus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEugenol is a known contact sensitiser included in fragrance mix I.ObjectiveTo assess the allergic reactivity to eugenol in different concentrations using patch test as well as repeated open application test (ROAT).MethodsOverall 67 subjects from 6 European dermatology clinics participated in the study. The ROAT was performed for 21 days twice a day, applying 3 dilutions of eugenol (2.7%–0.5%) and a control. Before and after the ROAT, patch testing with 17 dilutions of eugenol (2.0%–0.00006%) and controls was performed.ResultsOut of the 34 subjects with contact allergy to eugenol, 21 (61.8%) showed a positive patch test before ROAT was performed, the lowest positive concentration was 0.031%. The ROAT was positive in 19 (55.9%) of the 34 subjects, the time until a positive reaction occurred was negatively associated with the concentration of the ROAT solution, as well as with the allergic reactivity of the subjects as defined by patch testing. In the patch test after ROAT, 20 of the 34 test subjects (58.8%) showed a positive reaction. In 13 (38.2%) of the 34 test subjects, the patch test result was not reproduceable, still 4 (31.0%) of these 13 subjects developed a positive ROAT.ConclusionEugenol can provoke a positive patch test reaction in a very low dose; besides, this hypersensitivity may persist even if a former positive patch test is not reproduceable.
Predictive factors for anti‐MDA5 antibody in patients with dermatomyositis: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Castellanos‐Gonzalez María , Bris Beatriz Butrón , Marsol Isabel Bielsa , Campos Mónica Munera , Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo , Llorente Concha Postigo , Nuno‐Gonzalez Almudena , Sánchez Jesús Tercedor , Mur Eva Chavarría , García Rosa Giménez , Alonso Ana Bauza , Español Gloria Aparicio , García Yolanda Hidalgo , Schmidt Júlia María Sánchez , Sánchez Manuel Almagro , Crespo Esther Roé , Alonso Elena de Las Heras , Gallo‐Pineda Gonzalo , Izquierdo Jose Antonio Avilés , Varillas‐Delgado David 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBackground and objectives: Melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibody (anti‐MDA5) in dermatomyositis (DM) is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is key to improving the prognosis of these patients. The aim was to confirm cutaneous characteristics in patients with anti‐MDA5 dermatomyositis and to explore new diagnostic markers for the presence of anti‐MDA5 (anti‐MDA5+).Patients and Methods: A multicenter cross‐sectional retrospective cohort study of 124 patients diagnosed with DM, of which 37 were anti‐MDA5+. Demographic data, laboratory data, and clinical manifestations were collected.Results: Anti‐MDA5+ DM is characterized by a distinct mucocutaneous phenotype that includes oral lesions, alopecia, mechanic's hands, palmar and dorsal papules, palmar erythema, vasculopathy, and skin ulceration. We found vasculopathy and digit tip involvement very frequently in anti‐MDA5+ patients (p <0.001), being a diagnostic marker of anti‐MDA5+ (OR, 12.355; 95% CI 2.850–79.263; p = 0.012 and OR, 7.447; 95% CI 2.103–46.718; p = 0.004, respectively). The presence of ulcers deserves special mention, especially in anti‐MDA5+ patients, because in our cohort, up to 97% of the anti‐MDA5+ patients had ulcers.Conclusions: In patients with suspected DM with digit tip involvement or vasculopathy, the presence of anti‐MDA5 antibodies must be ruled out, as it may be a clinical predictor.
Autoimmune skin disorders and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination – a meta‐analysis
Authors: Hinterseher Julia , Hertl Michael , Didona Dario 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, which is the cause of COVID‐19 disease in infected patients, has led to an ongoing worldwide pandemic. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination had a dramatic positive effect on the course of COVID‐19, there has been increasing evidence of adverse effects after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. This meta‐analysis highlights the association between SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and de novo induction or aggravation of inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases.Material and methodsA systematic meta‐analysis of the literature on new onset or worsening of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy included following terms: “COVID‐19/SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine bullous pemphigoid/pemphigus vulgaris/systemic lupus erythematosus/dermatomyositis/lichen planus/leukocytoclastic vasculitis.” Moreover, we describe representative cases from our dermatology department.ResultsThe database‐search in MEDLINE identified 31 publications on bullous pemphigoid, 24 on pemphigus vulgaris, 65 on systemic lupus erythematosus, nine on dermatomyositis, 30 on lichen planus, and 37 on leukocytoclastic vasculitis until June 30th, 2022. Severity and response to treatment varied among the described cases.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis highlights a link between SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and new onset or worsening of inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. Moreover, the extent of disease exacerbation has been exemplified by cases from our dermatological department.
Discovery of Serangium montazerii Fürsch (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) as a predator of Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in Italy
Authors: Massimino Cocuzza Giuseppe E. , Jovičić Ivana , Frisenna Francesco , Tumminelli Riccardo , Siscaro Gaetano 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring surveys in citrus groves infested by Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in Sicily (Italy), an exotic ladybug was detected. The species was identified through morphological and molecular techniques as Serangium montazerii Fürsch (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), which is known to be a natural enemy of whiteflies. Taxonomic and historical notes on the spread of the species are given. The predator is reported feeding on A. spiniferus for the first time and may play an important role in the biological control of the whitefly.