bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-power ultrasonic spot welding of copper to type 304L austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Wahba Mohamed , Shamsah Sami M. Ibn , Gepreel Mohamed A. H. , Takahashi Macoto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The demand for a robust welding technique capable of joining copper and steel is driven by their extensive application across various industrial sectors. Addressing the limitations of current welding methods, this study explores the effectiveness of ultrasonic welding in joining commercially pure copper to type 304L stainless steel. The effects of different welding parameters on the characteristics of the welded joints were investigated. The results demonstrate the successful welding of the two metals without inserting an interlayer despite the metallurgical immiscibility of copper and iron. The interfacial bond density and the joint strength were found to increase with the applied welding energy. A joint strength of approximately 80% of the base copper strength was obtained. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis unveiled a well-bonded interface with excellent continuity between the two metals. A diffusion layer containing nano-sized chromium-rich oxide or intermetallic compound particles was observed. It was noticed that copper penetrated the partially disrupted chromium-rich oxide layer reaching and developing intimate contact with the newly uncoated stainless steel surface. A synergy of mechanical interlocking and solid-state metallurgical adhesion was revealed for the bonding mechanism in addition to potential metallurgical interactions at the interface.
Jelineks ›Wahlverwandtschaften‹ – Zu den biographischen Hintergründen in Angabe der Person
Authors: Lahayne Olaf 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungEnde 2022 veröffentlichte Elfriede Jelinek mit Angabe der Person zum ersten Mal seit 2000 wieder einen Prosa-Text in Buchform. Dementsprechend viel Beachtung erfuhr diese Veröffentlichung. Sie sei durch ein »steuerliches Ermittlungsverfahren« gegen die Autorin veranlasst worden, was sich in der Jelinek’schen Textfläche durch Bezugnahme auf aktuelle Finanzskandale niederschlägt. Mehr Beachtung in der Rezeption fanden (im Umfang relativ knappe) Äußerungen der Autorin zu ihrer (jüdischen) Verwandtschaft auf väterlicher Seite. In diesem Artikel werden Jelineks Angaben ergänzt durch weitere Zitate zu diesem Thema von ihr und anderen Autorinnen und Autoren, und es wird auf die Rezeption des Buches eingegangen. Zusätzlich werden diverse Archivalien und historische Quellen herangezogen sowie relevante Örtlichkeiten aufgesucht. Es zeigt sich, dass Elfriede Jelineks Angaben oft missverständlich sind, insbesondere was das Schicksal ihrer (vorgeblichen) Verwandten in der NS-Zeit betrifft. Davon ausgehend, wird das Verhältnis von Fakt und (Auto‑)Fiktion bei der Autorin diskutiert unter Heranziehung des »Falles Wilkomirski« von 1998, bei dem Elfriede Jelinek ebenfalls eine Rolle spielte.
Feed-Forward Neural Network-Based Prediction of Flutter Speed of 3 DOF 2D Wing Model
Authors: Dağlı Osman , Kaya Metin Orhan , Eyüpoğlu Can 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The application of artificial intelligence, particularly neural network models, has expanded throughout various fields of academic and industrial studies, recently. This research focuses to investigate aeroelastic phenomena and predict flutter speeds without expensive computational and experimental methods utilizing these algorithms, specifically the artificial neural network (ANN).

Methods
Fundamentally, the approach involves an ANN algorithm to navigate the complexities of aeroelastic systems, achieved by layering multiple ANNs. The network's neurons effectively interpret diverse flight data by this structure. The study also incorporates state-space representation and Theodorsen's unsteady aerodynamic theory to create a comprehensive dataset on aeroelastic flutter speed across different wing parameters. In order to forecast the flutter speeds, a feed-forward neural network (FFNN) model, which is an approach of ANN method, containing sigmoid hidden neurons and a linear output neuron has been proposed for the conditions above.

Results
The proposed model accomplished a regression value of 0.92 for flutter speeds according to the experimental findings. As presented, the suggested FFNN model is successful and can be employed to predict the flutter speed estimation. The findings of the FFNN structure are validated with the previous work for aeroelastic flutter speed analysis in the literature.

Discussion
Finally, the findings indicate that the FFNN model formulated in this study is highly accurate in predicting flutter speeds with the accordance of numerical results of aeroelastic structure modeled with unsteady aerodynamic theory. In addition, the correctness of the predicted flutter speeds demonstrates that analyzing without expensive tests and high computational costs is in the near future.
Pre-concentration of Low-grade Banded Iron Formation (BIF) by Physical Beneficiation
Authors: Singh Ashma , Maistry Nichole 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The depletion of high-grade iron ore reserves in South Africa has necessitated the exploration of low-grade hematite resources in a bid to extend life of mine and maximize resource utilization, particularly banded iron formations (BIF) material which makes up approximately 66% of future reserves. BIF are sedimentary rocks and consists of alternating layers of silica and iron. It has been observed that for ores with Fe grades below 40%, the concentrate grades and recoveries are compromised. Thus, the aim of the research study involved production of a pre-concentrate grading at approximately 55% Fe with potential for alternative downstream processing such as cationic reverse flotation to further upgrade the pre-concentrates to final concentrates with grades higher than 63% Fe. The industrial benefits of pre-concentration are evident in upfront gangue reduction and ability to improve production capacity and reduce operational costs. With this in mind, the paper investigates the pre-concentration methodology undertaken, namely, magnetic separation versus gravity shaking table on feed material crushed to a fine grind size of − 1.18 mm for effective liberation of hematite from gangue. Comparative SLon testwork and shaking table tests yielded similar overall recoveries at approximately 50% with high Si rejection of approximately 90% at a target pre-concentrate grade of 55% Fe. Increasing the target grade further to 60% and 63% Fe could only be achieved by gravity separation at a significant reduction in recovery of 35–62%, respectively. The feasibility of pre-concentration for this ore type is thus assessed in detail.
The need for an empirical research program regarding human–AI relational norms
Authors: Reinecke Madeline G. , Kappes Andreas , Porsdam Mann Sebastian , Savulescu Julian , Earp Brian D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As artificial intelligence (AI) systems begin to take on social roles traditionally filled by humans, it will be crucial to understand how this affects people’s cooperative expectations. In the case of human–human dyads, different relationships are governed by different norms: For example, how two strangers—versus two friends or colleagues—should interact when faced with a similar coordination problem often differs. How will the rise of ‘social’ artificial intelligence (and ultimately, superintelligent AI) complicate people’s expectations about the cooperative norms that should govern different types of relationships, whether human–human or human–AI? Do people expect AI to adhere to the same cooperative dynamics as humans when in a given social role? Conversely, will they begin to expect humans in certain types of relationships to act more like AI? Here, we consider how people’s cooperative expectations may pull apart between human–human and human–AI relationships, detailing an empirical proposal for mapping these distinctions across relationship types. We see the data resulting from our proposal as relevant for understanding people’s relationship–specific cooperative expectations in an age of social AI, which may also forecast potential resistance towards AI systems occupying certain social roles. Finally, these data can form the basis for ethical evaluations: What relationship–specific cooperative norms we should adopt for human–AI interactions, or reinforce through responsible AI design, depends partly on empirical facts about what norms people find intuitive for such interactions (along with the costs and benefits of maintaining these). Toward the end of the paper, we discuss how these relational norms may change over time and consider the implications of this for the proposed research program.
Shrinkage behaviour of self-compacting concrete with higher binder content: experimental results and predictive equation
Authors: Bhirud Yuvaraj , Vaidya Om , More Satish , Shaikh Ayub , Pawar Amol , Pawar Lalit , Yeole Pradeep 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe present study explores the potential benefits of increasing binder content in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Three concrete mixtures with varying binder content (550, 600, and 650 kg/m3) were investigated to evaluate their workability, compressive strength, and shrinkage. Findings indicate a significant enhancement in strength over the concrete's lifespan with higher binder content, accompanied by improved stability and cohesion. Additionally, the study examines the economic advantages of utilizing fly ash as a partial binder replacement, thereby reducing reliance on costly superplasticizers. However, existing prediction models for concrete shrinkage (IS 1343-2012, BS EN 1992-1-1-2004, and ACI 209 R-92) proved inadequate for high-binder SCC. To bridge this knowledge gap, a novel equation for predicting shrinkage in SCC with increased binder content was developed based on experimental data. This research contributes to the optimized design and cost-effective application of high-strength SCC in the construction industry.
Digital Media and Social Theory: The View from Xi’s China and Modi’s India
Authors: Schroeder Ralph 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe social sciences, and especially theories about communication and digital media, have been dominated by the Global North. This paper attempts to redress this imbalance by reference to two major countries that have also been models in other parts of the world, India and China. In both countries, the autonomy of the public sphere of media is constrained, though less so in India’s half-democracy than in China’s authoritarian party state. Still, a lively and diverse online part of the public sphere which lacks the gatekeeping function of traditional news can contribute to the autonomy of media. Media reflect society imperfectly, but there is much to learn from two countries where the un-gatekept online public sphere is relatively more important than the traditional gatekept public sphere.
Modernism, Aesthetics and Anthropology
Authors: Hoffmann John 
Published: January 2025

John Hoffmann argues that a combination of aesthetics and anthropology allowed modernist writers to challenge social hierarchies they associated with the nineteenth century. He shows how Enlightenment philosophers synthesized the two discourses and how modernists working in the early twentieth century then took up this synthesis to dispute categories of social difference that had been naturalized, and thus legitimized, by pre-evolutionary and Darwinian anthropological theories. The book brings a range of new insights to major topics in modernist studies, revealing neglected continental sources for Irish anti-colonialism, the aesthetic contours of Zionism in the era of Mandatory Palestine, and the influence of German idealism on critiques of racism following World War I. Working over a long historical durée, Hoffmann surveys the ways aesthetics has been used, and misused, to construct and contest social hierarchies grounded in anthropological distinctions.
Distributed energy balance, mass balance and climate sensitivity of upper Chandra Basin glaciers, western Himalaya
Authors: Oulkar Sunil N. , Sharma Parmanand , Pratap Bhanu , Thamban Meloth , Laha Sourav , Patel Lavkush Kumar , Singh Ajit T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Glacier and snow melt are the primary sources of water for streams, and rivers in upper Indus region of the western Himalaya. However, the magnitude of runoff from this glacierized basin is expected to vary with the available energy in the catchment. Here, we used a physically based energy balance model to estimate the surface energy and surface mass balance (SMB) of the upper Chandra Basin glaciers for 7 hydrological years from 2015 to 2022. A strong seasonality is observed, with net radiation being the dominant energy flux in the summer, while latent and sensible heat flux dominated in the winter. The estimated mean annual SMB of the upper Chandra Basin glaciers is −0.51 ± 0.28 m w.e. a−1, with a cumulative SMB of −3.54 m w.e during 7 years from 2015 to 2022. We find that the geographical factors like aspect, slope, size and elevation of the glacier contribute towards the spatial variability of SMB within the study region. The findings reveal that a 42% increase in precipitation is necessary to counteract the additional mass loss resulting from a 1°C increase in air temperature for the upper Chandra Basin glaciers.
Building a diverse national research advisory board
Authors: Valensky Gayle , Pawelek Jeff B. , Serpico Lauren , Rodriguez David , Pieters Maribel , Perez Yulissa , Vogel Julia Moore 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In healthcare and medical research, advisory boards are now commonplace, but most boards consist of a relatively homogenous, geographically collocated group, often demonstrating demographic imbalance. It is crucial to include individuals from diverse backgrounds on community advisory boards for healthcare and medical research to address ongoing health disparities and ensure studies are more culturally competent so that we can achieve more inclusive representation. We conducted purposeful recruitment to attract a demographically diverse group of community members across the United States (U.S.) to partner with the All of Us Research Program to inform our strategies including program recruitment, engagement, retention, and incentives. Recruitment of a diverse group of advisors and purposeful community building has created a psychologically safe environment where members openly share their opinions, thoughts, and perspectives to shape various aspects of this ambitious, nationwide research program.
Airbnb, the city, and the drive for European integration
Authors: Kramer Dion 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEuropean cities struggle to regulate platform-mediated short-term rental services in response to local concerns over uncontrolled tourism and affordable housing. In their efforts to tame online platforms and local hosts, cities have consistently pointed to EU law as an obstacle to effective regulation and enforcement and called for solutions at EU level. To date, research has paid limited attention to the precise role of EU law in the regulatory responses to the growth of short-term renting. This article therefore offers an explanation of how EU internal market law structures the multi-level dynamics behind short-rental regulation. Methodologically, the article relies on a contextual analysis of the EU’s legal framework for (electronic) services and an in-depth, longitudinal case study of the City of Amsterdam’s efforts to regulate its Airbnb-driven short-term rental market (2013–2023). Comprehensive empirical evidence indicates that European e-commerce law can deter governments from enforcing platform cooperation in the upstream market and, instead, prompt them to shift the burden of regulation and compliance to the ‘actual’ service providers (the hosts) in the downstream market. These upstream/downstream dynamics also help to explain the successful adoption and normative content of the recent Short-Term Rental Regulation. With its focus on the power struggle between cities and platform actors in the EU internal market, the article also offers a unique, empirically grounded account of how EU law structures urban conflicts over housing and tourism in the context of platformisation and how platformisation might affect the dynamics of European market integration more generally.
Internet chat based intervention as a mode for therapy and counselling
Authors: Gopinath Jini K , Rodrigues Marsha , Manuja Puneet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Increasing mental health issues in India demands for a strong intervention to curb the rise. According to the World Health Organization, roughly around 21 Indians out of 100,000 die by suicide every year. The burden on mental health domain increases due to the existing system as most of the existing services follow a traditional approach and are most sought after but lack reachability and ease of access. This study recognises the need for programmes that help in reachability and ease of access while simultaneously maintaining anonymity, therefore, analyses the impact of chat-based therapy provided online through the platform. The paper analyses the difference in subjective unit of well-being (SUW) pre and post chat-based sessions among 2624 college students and 805 corporate employees. The Wilcoxon signed rank test between pre and post intervention indicates significant results with the p < 0.001 (Z = −44.100a) suggesting and increase in SUW scores post intervention. Further, the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed that the gender of the clients has an association with the SUW scores (p < 0.05). It was also found that the duration of the sessions had a positive relation with the impact scores (p < 0.001).
Incidence of surgical infection in cefazolin 3 g versus 2 g for colorectal surgery in obese patients
Authors: Collins Curtis D. , Hartsfield Eric , Cleary Robert K. , Kenney Rachel M. , Veve Michael P. , Brockhaus Kara K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjective:To compare the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) between cefazolin 3 g and 2 g surgical prophylaxis in patients weighing ≥120 kg that undergo elective colorectal surgery.Methods:A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was performed utilizing a validated database of elective colorectal surgeries in Michigan acute care hospitals. Adults weighing ≥120 kg who received cefazolin and metronidazole for surgical prophylaxis between 7/2012 and 6/2021 were included. The primary outcome was SSI, which was defined as an infection diagnosed within 30 days following the principal operative procedure. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with SSI; the exposure of interest was cefazolin 3 g surgical prophylaxis.Results:A total of 581 patients were included; of these, 367 (63.1%) received cefazolin 3 g, while 214 (36.8%) received 2 g. Patients who received cefazolin 3 g had less optimal antibiotic timing (324 [88.3%] vs 200 [93.5%]; P = .043) and a higher receipt of at least 1 of the prophylaxis antibiotics after incision (22 [6%] vs 5 [2.3%]; P = .043). There was no SSI difference between cefazolin 3 g and 2 g cohorts (23 [6.3%] vs 16 [7.5%], P = .574). When accounting for age, smoking status, and surgical duration, cefazolin 3 g was not associated with a reduction in SSI (adjOR, .64; 95%CI, .32–1.29).Conclusions:Surgical prophylaxis with cefazolin 3 g, in combination with metronidazole, was not associated with decreased SSI compared to 2 g dosing in obese patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.
Unzipping of knotted DNA via nanopore translocation
Authors: Suma Antonio , Micheletti Cristian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
DNA unzipping by nanopore translocation has implications in diverse contexts, from polymer physics to single-molecule manipulation to DNA–enzyme interactions in biological systems. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations and a coarse-grained model of DNA to address the nanopore unzipping of DNA filaments that are knotted. This previously unaddressed problem is motivated by the fact that DNA knots inevitably occur in isolated equilibrated filaments and in vivo. We study how different types of tight knots in the DNA segment just outside the pore impact unzipping at different driving forces. We establish three main results. First, knots do not significantly affect the unzipping process at low forces. However, knotted DNAs unzip more slowly and heterogeneously than unknotted ones at high forces. Finally, we observe that the microscopic origin of the hindrance typically involves two concurrent causes: the topological friction of the DNA chain sliding along its knotted contour and the additional friction originating from the entanglement with the newly unzipped DNA. The results reveal a previously unsuspected complexity of the interplay of DNA topology and unzipping, which should be relevant for interpreting nanopore-based single-molecule unzipping experiments and improving the modeling of DNA transactions in vivo.
Restoration of legacy contaminated sites in Antarctica: Lessons from Vanda Station, McMurdo Dry Valleys
Authors: Hawes I. , Howard-Williams C. , Webster-Brown J. , Poirot C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Antarctic Treaty System has put in place international agreements to provide comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment. Despite this high degree of protection, human presence on the continent has resulted in environmental contamination, particularly at locations established prior to the development of the more stringent codes of conduct in recent decades. Rehabilitation of legacy contaminated sites is a priority for environmental management, and a framework for such efforts has been established. In this contribution, we re-evaluate the rehabilitation of the site of the former Vanda Station, a New Zealand outpost occupied from 1969 to 1991. We describe the design and implementation of the restoration, which included the removal of many tonnes of contaminated soils and groundwater, along with the post-action monitoring of the site. Our goal is to determine where challenges to the use of recent guidelines would have arisen. We found that while guidelines on clean-up of contaminated sites in Antarctica are valuable, challenges to implementation remain. These largely reflect a lack of understanding of the consequences of contamination on Antarctic ecosystems and the trajectory of natural rehabilitation. We present recommendations on how to address some of these challenges.
A case of myocardial infarction in a teenager with new diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: LaSalle Elizabeth E. , Cotter Allison , Do Thomas B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA 16-year-old male with newly diagnosed granulomatosis with polyangiitis presented to the emergency room with chest pain. He was found to have a myocardial infarction involving the right coronary artery and the left circumflex artery. He underwent mechanical thrombectomy and stent placement without significant sequelae. This is a rare complication associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Triheptanoin use for severe neonatal cardiomyopathy secondary to mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: a first report
Authors: Coppola John-Anthony , Boothe Megan , McGuinness Anna , Yau Yuen Lo , Blanchette Haley , Brock Michael A. , Bleiweis Mark S. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Peek Giles J. , Gupta Dipankar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency is a long-chain fatty acid disorder that may include manifestations of severe cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. The pathophysiology for the severe presentation is unclear but is an indicator for worse outcomes. Triheptanoin, a synthetic medium chain triglyceride, has been reported to reverse cardiomyopathy in some individuals, but there is limited literature in severe cases. We describe a neonatal onset of severe disease whose clinical course was not improved despite mechanical support and triheptanoin.