bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for shunting at 12 months following open fetal repair of spina bifida by mini-hysterotomy
Authors: Neves da Rocha Luana Sarmento , Bunduki Victor , Cardeal Daniel Dante , de Amorim Filho Antônio Gomes , Nani Fernando Souza , Peres Stela Verzinhasse , de Carvalho Werther Brunow , de Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , de Carvalho Mário Henrique Burlacchini 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Open spina bifida (OSB) is the most common neural tube defect. Prenatal repair reduces the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) due to hydrocephalus from 80–90% to 40–50%. We aimed to determine which variables work as risk factors for VPS at 12 months of age in our population.

Methods
Thirty-nine patients underwent prenatal repair of OSB by mini-hysterotomy. The main outcome was occurrence of VPS in the first 12 months of life. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) between prenatal variables and the need for shunting.

Results
VPS at 12 months occurred in 34.2% of the children. Larger ventricle size before surgery (62.5% ≥15 mm; 46.2% between 12 and 15 mm; 11.8% <12 mm; p=0.008), higher lesion level (80% >L2, vs. 17.9% ≤L3; p=0.002; OR, 18.4 [2.96–114.30]), and later gestational age at surgery (25.25 ± 1.18 vs. 24.37 ± 1.06 weeks; p=0.036; OR, 2.23 [1.05–4.74]) were related to increased need for shunting. In the multivariate analysis, larger ventricle size before surgery (≥15 mm vs. <12 mm; p=0.046; OR, 1.35 [1.01–1.82]) and higher lesion level (>L2 vs. ≤L3; p=0.004; OR, 39.52 [3.25–480.69]) were risk factors for shunting.

Conclusions
Larger ventricle size before surgery (≥15 mm) and higher lesion level (>L2) are independent risk factors for VPS at 12 months of age in fetuses undergoing prenatal repair of OSB by mini-hysterotomy in the studied population.
A systematic review and critical evaluation of quality of clinical practice guidelines on fetal growth restriction
Authors: Alameddine Sara , Capannolo Giulia , Rizzo Giuseppe , Khalil Asma , Di Girolamo Raffaella , Iacovella Carlotta , Liberati Marco , Patrizi Lodovico , Acharya Ganesh , Odibo Anthony O , D’Antonio Francesco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
To systematically identify and critically assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on management fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Content
Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to identify all relevant CPGs on FGR.

Summary
Diagnostic criteria of FGR, recommended growth charts, recommendation for detailed anatomical assessment and invasive testing, frequency of fetal growth scans, fetal monitoring, hospital admission, drugs administrations, timing at delivery, induction of labor, postnatal assessment and placental histopathological were assessed. Quality assessment was evaluated by AGREE II tool. Twelve CPGs were included. Twenty-five percent (3/12) of CPS adopted the recently published Delphi consensus, 58.3% (7/12) an estimated fetal weight (EFW)/abdominal circumference (AC) EFW/AC <10th percentile, 8.3% (1/12) an EFW/AC <5th percentile while one CPG defined FGR as an arrest of growth or a shift in its rate measured longitudinally. Fifty percent (6/12) of CPGs recommended the use of customized growth charts to assess fetal growth. Regarding the frequency of Doppler assessment, in case of absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery 8.3% (1/12) CPGs recommended assessment every 24–48, 16.7% (2/12) every 48–72 h, 1 CPG generically recommended assessment 1–2 times per week, while 25 (3/12) did not specifically report the frequency of assessment. Only 3 CPGs reported recommendation on the type of Induction of Labor to adopt. The AGREE II standardized domain scores for the first overall assessment (OA1) had a mean of 50%.

Outlook
There is significant heterogeneity in the management of pregnancies complicated by FGR in published CPGs.
Hardy-Leindler Type Inequalities for Multiple Integrals on Time Scales
Authors: Nosheen Ammara , Awan Khalid Mahmood , Khan Khuram Ali , Ahmad Hijaz , Qadeer Atia Tul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hardy-Leindler type inequalities and their converses for multiple integrals on time scales are proved by using Fubini’s theorem and induction principle. Some generalized versions of Hardy, Wirtinger and Leindler inequalities in both continuous and discrete cases are also derived in seek of applications.
Evaluation of Norm of (p, q)-Bernstein Operators
Authors: Khan Nabiullah , Saif Mohd , Usman Talha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we aim to study about the estimation of norm of (p, q)-Bernstein operators

B

p
,
q

n

$\mathcal{B}_{p,q}^{n}$

in C[0,1] for the case q > p > 1 by applying (p, q)-calculus and divided difference analogue of (p, q)-Bernstein operators. Some basic theorem and related results are also discussed in this paper. Here, the extra parameter p shows more flexibility by choosing the value of p.
Monocular depth sensing using metalens
Authors: Yang Fan , Lin Hung-I , Chen Peng , Hu Juejun , Gu Tian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
3-D depth sensing is essential for many applications ranging from consumer electronics to robotics. Passive depth sensing techniques based on a double-helix (DH) point-spread-function (PSF) feature high depth estimation precision, minimal power consumption, and reduced system complexity compared to active sensing methods. Here, we propose and experimentally implemented a polarization-multiplexed DH metalens designed using an autonomous direct search algorithm, which utilizes two contra-rotating DH PSFs encoded in orthogonal polarization states to enable monocular depth perception. Using a reconstruction algorithm that we developed, concurrent depth calculation and scene reconstruction with minimum distortion and high resolution in all three dimensions were demonstrated.
Breakfast habits and knowledge: Study involving participants from Brazil and Portugal
Authors: Guiné Raquel P. F. , Gonçalves Carolina , Carpes Solange Teresinha , Vieira Viviane Laudelino , Florença Sofia G. , Gonçalves João Carlos , Anjos Ofélia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Breakfast has been considered one of the most important meals of the day. While breakfast habits and their consequences on children’s health and performance are well documented, studies on the adult population are still lacking. The aim of this study is to observe the breakfast consumption habits of Portuguese and Brazilian adults to understand the importance attributed to this meal, which leads people to have breakfast or to skip it, and also what types of food are consumed. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was carried out in both countries, and the data were collected through the internet. A convenience sample consisting of 694 participants (380 from Brazil and 314 from Portugal) were used in this study, all were adults who gave informed consent to participate in the research. The results showed that the majority of participants consumed breakfast every day (74.4% in Brazil and 78.3% in Portugal), and they did it at home (94.4 and 94.3% for Brazilians and Portuguese, respectively). The results also showed that the reasons for consuming breakfast and skipping it are very similar in both countries. People say they do not have breakfast because they do not want to eat in the morning or they do not have time. The reasons to always have breakfast include providing energy, satiety from night fasting, preventing hunger until lunch, because they like it, or simply because it is a habit. The level of knowledge was slightly higher among Portuguese than Brazilian participants and was found to vary according to the habits of having breakfast or skipping it and also according to country, sex, BMI class, and school level. In conclusion, breakfast habits were found to be very similar in both countries’, but the knowledge was higher among the Portuguese than the Brazilian participants. Breakfast is linked to a healthy lifestyle, and individuals’ behaviours and beliefs must be taken into account to promote health and well-being, thus diminishing the burden of noncommunicable diseases related to improper eating habits and dietary patterns.
Semistrukturierte Interviews mit jüdisch-deutschen Ärztinnen und Ärzten über Verlust, Trauer und ärztliche Trauerbegleitung
Authors: Tschebiner David 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung: Vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Trauerbegleitungspraxis sechs jüdisch-deutscher Ärztinnen und Ärzte, ihren Perspektiven auf Verlust, Trauer und ärztliche Trauerbegleitung sowie der Frage, inwiefern ihre Biografie und ihre Religiosität/Spiritualität (R/S) diese formen.

Methode: Hierzu wurden semistrukturierte Interviews geführt und mittels einer adaptierten Version der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Philipp Mayring ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse: Die Intensität und Komplexität des trauerbegleitenden Kontaktes hängt u. a. vom Belastungspotenzial des Verlusts, der persönlichen Identifikation mit den Betreuten sowie der gegenseitigen Sympathie ab.
Inhaltlich finden sich „klassisch ärztliche“ Verhaltensweisen (z. B. Medikation, Überweisung); die Respondenten beleuchten jedoch auch schulmedizinisch wenig beachtete interaktionelle Phänomene (z. B. „Mitgefühl“, „für jemanden da sein“) und erörtern u. a. den vieldeutigen Trauerbegriff sowie das Spannungsfeld zwischen Professionalität und emotionaler Intimität im Kontakt.
Als einflussnehmend auf ihre Trauerbegleitung beschreiben die Respondenten private und berufliche Trauererfahrungen, die Auseinandersetzung mit Religionsethik (z. B. in Bezug auf Ideen der Nächstenliebe und des Leids) sowie Auswirkungen der jüdischen Verfolgungsgeschichte auf ihre subjektive Lebenswelt. Über den Einfluss ihrer selbstbeurteilten R/S erlauben die Studienergebnisse keine verlässliche Aussage.

Diskussion: Vorliegende Untersuchung sensibilisiert für zwischenmenschliche Konflikte, Rollenbilder sowie Bedürfnisse innerhalb der Beziehung zwischen Ärzten und Trauernden und zeigt auf, wie der Zugang zur eigenen Trauerbegleitungspraxis geformt wird bzw. wie diese aussehen kann. Damit bietet sie einen Ansatz zur aktiven Definition und Entwicklung der eigenen ärztlich-trauerbegleitenden Funktion.
DrosophilaTachykininergic Neurons Modulate the Activity of Two Groups of Receptor-Expressing Neurons to Regulate Aggressive Tone
Authors: Wohl Margot P. , Liu Jett , Asahina Kenta 
Published: March 2023

Neuropeptides influence animal behaviors through complex molecular and cellular mechanisms, the physiological and behavioral effects of which are difficult to predict solely from synaptic connectivity. Many neuropeptides can activate multiple receptors, whose ligand affinity and downstream signaling cascades are often different from one another. Although we know that the diverse pharmacological characteristics of neuropeptide receptors form the basis of unique neuromodulatory effects on distinct downstream cells, it remains unclear exactly how different receptors shape the downstream activity patterns triggered by a single neuronal neuropeptide source. Here, we uncovered two separate downstream targets that are differentially modulated by tachykinin, an aggression-promoting neuropeptide inDrosophila. Tachykinin from a single male-specific neuronal type recruits two separate downstream groups of neurons. One downstream group, synaptically connected to the tachykinergic neurons, expresses the receptorTkR86Cand is necessary for aggression. Here, tachykinin supports cholinergic excitatory synaptic transmission between the tachykinergic andTkR86Cdownstream neurons. The other downstream group expresses theTkR99Dreceptor and is recruited primarily when tachykinin is overexpressed in the source neurons. Differential activity patterns in the two groups of downstream neurons correlate with levels of male aggression triggered by the tachykininergic neurons. These findings highlight how the amount of neuropeptide released from a small number of neurons can reshape the activity patterns of multiple downstream neuronal populations. Our results lay the foundation for further investigations into the neurophysiological mechanism by which a neuropeptide controls complex behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuropeptides control a variety of innate behaviors, including social behaviors, in both animals and humans. Unlike fast-acting neurotransmitters, neuropeptides can elicit distinct physiological responses in different downstream neurons. How such diverse physiological effects coordinate complex social interactions remains unknown. This study uncovers the firstin vivoexample of a neuropeptisde from a single neuronal source eliciting distinct physiological responses in multiple downstream neurons that express different neuropeptide receptors. Understanding the unique motif of neuropeptidergic modulation, which may not be easily predicted from a synaptic connectivity map, can help elucidate how neuropeptides orchestrate complex behaviors by modulating multiple target neurons simultaneously.
Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity Associated with Dynamic Adaptation of Wrist Movements
Authors: Farrens Andria J. , Vahdat Shahabeddin , Sergi Fabrizio 
Published: March 2023

Dynamic adaptation is an error-driven process of adjusting planned motor actions to changes in task dynamics (Shadmehr, 2017). Adapted motor plans are consolidated into memories that contribute to better performance on re-exposure. Consolidation begins within 15 min following training (Criscimagna-Hemminger and Shadmehr, 2008), and can be measured via changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). For dynamic adaptation, rsFC has not been quantified on this timescale, nor has its relationship to adaptative behavior been established. We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-compatible robot, the MR-SoftWrist (Erwin et al., 2017), to quantify rsFC specific to dynamic adaptation of wrist movements and subsequent memory formation in a mixed-sex cohort of human participants. We acquired fMRI during a motor execution and a dynamic adaptation task to localize brain networks of interest, and quantified rsFC within these networks in three 10-min windows occurring immediately before and after each task. The next day, we assessed behavioral retention. We used a mixed model of rsFC measured in each time window to identify changes in rsFC with task performance, and linear regression to identify the relationship between rsFC and behavior. Following the dynamic adaptation task, rsFC increased within the cortico-cerebellar network and decreased interhemispherically within the cortical sensorimotor network. Increases within the cortico-cerebellar network were specific to dynamic adaptation, as they were associated with behavioral measures of adaptation and retention, indicating that this network has a functional role in consolidation. Instead, decreases in rsFC within the cortical sensorimotor network were associated with motor control processes independent from adaptation and retention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotor memory consolidation processes have been studied via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) by analyzing changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) occurring more than 30 min after adaptation. However, it is unknown whether consolidation processes are detectable immediately (<15 min) following dynamic adaptation. We used an fMRI-compatible wrist robot to localize brain regions involved in dynamic adaptation in the cortico-thalamic-cerebellar (CTC) and cortical sensorimotor networks and quantified changes in rsFC within each network immediately after adaptation. Different patterns of change in rsFC were observed compared with studies conducted at longer latencies. Increases in rsFC in the cortico-cerebellar network were specific to adaptation and retention, while interhemispheric decreases in the cortical sensorimotor network were associated with alternate motor control processes but not with memory formation.
Goal Choices Modify Frontotemporal Memory Representations
Authors: Srinivasan Aditya , Riceberg Justin S. , Goodman Michael R. , Srinivasan Arvind , Guise Kevin G. , Shapiro Matthew L. 
Published: March 2023

Adapting flexibly to changing circumstances is guided by memory of past choices, their outcomes in similar circumstances, and a method for choosing among potential actions. The hippocampus (HPC) is needed to remember episodes, and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) helps guide memory retrieval. Single-unit activity in the HPC and PFC correlates with such cognitive functions. Previous work recorded CA1 and mPFC activity as male rats performed a spatial reversal task in a plus maze that requires both structures, found that PFC activity helps reactivate HPC representations of pending goal choices but did not describe frontotemporal interactions after choices. We describe these interactions after choices here. CA1 activity tracked both current goal location and the past starting location of single trials; PFC activity tracked current goal location better than past start location. CA1 and PFC reciprocally modulated representations of each other both before and after goal choices. After choices, CA1 activity predicted changes in PFC activity in subsequent trials, and the magnitude of this prediction correlated with faster learning. In contrast, PFC start arm activity more strongly modulated CA1 activity after choices correlated with slower learning. Together, the results suggest post-choice HPC activity conveys retrospective signals to the PFC, which combines different paths to common goals into rules. In subsequent trials, prechoice mPFC activity modulates prospective CA1 signals informing goal selection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHPC and PFC activity supports cognitive flexibility in changing circumstances. HPC signals represent behavioral episodes that link the start, choice, and goal of paths. PFC signals represent rules that guide goal-directed actions. Although prior studies described HPC–PFC interactions preceding decisions in the plus maze, post-decision interactions were not investigated. Here, we show post-choice HPC and PFC activity distinguished the start and goal of paths, and CA1 signaled the past start of each trial more accurately than mPFC. Postchoice CA1 activity modulated subsequent PFC activity, so rewarded actions were more likely to occur. Together, the results show that in changing circumstances, HPC retrospective codes modulate subsequent PFC coding, which in turn modulates HPC prospective codes that predict choices.
Microglial Cytokines Mediate Plasticity Induced by 10 Hz Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Eichler Amelie , Kleidonas Dimitrios , Turi Zsolt , Fliegauf Maximilian , Kirsch Matthias , Pfeifer Dietmar , Masuda Takahiro , Prinz Marco , Lenz Maximilian , Vlachos Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, sense the activity of neurons and regulate physiological brain functions. They have been implicated in the pathology of brain diseases associated with alterations in neural excitability and plasticity. However, experimental and therapeutic approaches that modulate microglia function in a brain region-specific manner have not been established. In this study, we tested for the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a clinically used noninvasive brain stimulation technique, on microglia-mediated synaptic plasticity; 10 Hz electromagnetic stimulation triggered a release of plasticity-promoting cytokines from microglia in mouse organotypic brain tissue cultures of both sexes, while no significant changes in microglial morphology or microglia dynamics were observed. Indeed, substitution of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6) preserved synaptic plasticity induced by 10 Hz stimulation in the absence of microglia. Consistent with these findings,in vivodepletion of microglia abolished rTMS-induced changes in neurotransmission in the mPFC of anesthetized mice of both sexes. We conclude that rTMS affects neural excitability and plasticity by modulating the release of cytokines from microglia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that induces cortical plasticity. Despite its wide use in neuroscience and clinical practice (e.g., depression treatment), the cellular and molecular mechanisms of rTMS-mediated plasticity remain not well understood. Herein, we report an important role of microglia and plasticity-promoting cytokines in synaptic plasticity induced by 10 Hz rTMS in organotypic slice cultures and anesthetized mice, thereby identifying microglia-mediated synaptic adaptation as a target of rTMS-based interventions.
Sustancias antioxidantes en diferentes fases fenológicas de Psidium guajava L.
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Evelyn Del Carmen , Ettiene-Rojas Gretty Rosario , Ramírez-Villalobos María Del Carmen , Gómez-Degraves Ángel 
Published: March 2023

Introducción. En el mundo hay interés en la determinación del contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de origen vegetal y la relación de las fases fenológicas de la planta con la producción de metabolitos secundarios. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de las fases fenológicas en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de guayabo (Psidium guajava L.). Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó una muestra poblacional del 10 % de plantas de guayabo del banco de germoplasma del CESID-Frutícola y Apícola-CORPOZULIA, ubicado en el municipio Mara, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se determinó el contenido de fenoles totales (FeT), flavonoides totales (FlT) y la capacidad antioxidante (CA) en muestras de hojas secas en las diferentes fases fenológicas de la planta, registradas de octubre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013. La extracción de los FeT se realizó mediante ultrasonido con 0,5 g de muestra seca y una mezcla metanol: agua (80:20 % v/v). Para la cuantificación por espectrofotometría de absorción UV-VIS, se utilizó como estándar ácido gálico para FeT y catequina para FlT. La CA se determinó por el catión-radical ABTS▪+. Se utilizaron estadísticas no paramétricas mediante el programa estadístico SPSS. Resultados. En las plantas de guayabo ocurrieron las tres fases fenológicas (floración, fructificación, brotación vegetativa), prevaleció la reproductiva con un 38,99 % de flores y frutos; con mayor presencia media de brotes vegetativos durante la época de precipitación y la alternancia entre la producción de flores y frutos. Se observó variabilidad intrapoblacional en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes, el contenido de FeT, en comparación con la CA y los FlT, fue mayor en fructificación y en ausencia de precipitación. Conclusión. Las fases fenológicas tuvieron efecto en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de guayabo. La fase de fructificación presentó el mayor contenido de fenoles totales. Los contenidos de fenoles y flavonoides totales presentaron relación con la capacidad antioxidante.