bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supposing the moral state: Japan and historical justice under liberal internationalism
Authors: Koyama Hitomi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Diplomatic spats over history between two of the United States' allies, Japan and the Republic of Korea, continue to simmer under the post-1945 liberal international order. The antagonism between the former colonizer and its colony has become a detriment not only for US security interests in the region, but also a challenge to the US claims to stand for human rights, as the issue of military sexual slavery has become tethered to the global human rights discourse by Korean American diaspora activists. Yet, when the US attempts to mediate between the two, it is rebuffed by its two allies because the US often acts as a neutral third party, rather than the major actor responsible for the making of post-1945 order in east Asia and the current impasse over history. This article asks how the entangled relation between order and justice in the making of the hub-and-spokes system in east Asia, mainly engineered by the United States, casts a long shadow over how to deal with history in Japan. This matters because questions of moral possibility in world politics always suppose a sovereign agentic state, and for Japan this creates a gap between the ideal moral state and the reality of being a semi-sovereign state. Thus, the persistence of Japan's ‘history problem’ must be understood not solely in terms of whether the empirical facts are accepted or not, but also in the sense of how being a sovereign matters when it comes to moral possibility in global politics.
Refractory diffuse coronary artery spasm post aortic valve replacement
Authors: Nagasawa Ayako , Okonogi Shuichi , Ohki Satoshi , Ohbayashi Tamiyuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPostoperative coronary artery spasm occurs rarely after valve replacement surgery. We report the case of a 64-year-old man with normal coronary arteries who underwent aortic valve replacement. Nineteen hours postoperatively, his blood pressure plummeted with an elevated ST-segment. Coronary angiography demonstrated a 3-vessel diffuse coronary artery spasm, and direct intracoronary infusion therapy was performed with isosorbide nitrate, nicorandil and sodium nitroprusside hydrate within 1 h of onset. Nonetheless, there was no improvement, and the patient was resistant to treatment. The patient died due to prolonged low cardiac function and pneumonia complications. Prompt intracoronary vasodilator infusion is considered effective. However, this case was refractory to multi-drug intracoronary infusion therapy and was not salvageable.
Overall and abdominal obesity and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Korean adults: a pooled analysis of three population-based prospective cohorts
Authors: Jang Hajin , Kim Rockli , Lee Jong-Tae , Lee Dong Hoon , Giovannucci Edward L , Oh Hannah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies found a J-shaped association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality. However, it is unclear whether the association is driven by biases, particularly confounding by fat-free mass.MethodsWe conducted an individual-level pooled analysis of three cohorts of Korean adults (aged ≥ 40 years; n = 153 248). Mortality was followed up through December 2019. Anthropometric data were directly measured at baseline. Fat and fat-free mass were predicted using validated prediction models. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated the associations of BMI and waist circumference (WC) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. To account for biases, we excluded participants aged ≥ 70 years, deaths that occurred within 5 years of follow-up and ever smokers, and adjusted for fat-free mass index (FFMI).ResultsDuring the follow-up of up to 18 years, 6061 deaths were identified. We observed J-shaped association of BMI (nadir at 22–26) and monotonically positive association of WC with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among Korean adults without a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease. In the BMI analysis, excluding ever smokers and adjusting for FFMI attenuated the excess mortality in underweight participants and transformed the J-shaped association into a monotonically positive shape, suggesting an increased mortality at BMI &gt; 22.0. Excluding participants aged ≥ 70 years and deaths that occurred within 5 years of follow-up did not change the results. In the WC analysis, the monotonic positive associations did not change after the control. Similar results were observed among participants with a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsOur data suggest that both overall and abdominal body fat are associated with increased mortality in Korean adults.
Local Mixing of One-Parameter Diagonal Flows on Anosov Homogeneous Spaces
Authors: Chow Michael , Sarkar Pratyush 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Let $G$ be a connected semisimple real algebraic group and $\Gamma &lt; G$ be a Zariski dense Anosov subgroup with respect to a minimal parabolic subgroup. We prove local mixing of the one-parameter diagonal flow $\{\exp (t\mathsf {v}): t \in {\mathbb {R}}\}$ on $\Gamma \backslash G$ for any interior direction $\mathsf {v}$ of the limit cone of $\Gamma $ with respect to the Bowen–Margulis–Sullivan measure associated to $\mathsf {v}$. More generally, we allow a class of deviations to this flow along a direction $\mathsf {u}$ in some fixed subspace transverse to $\mathsf {v}$. We also obtain a uniform bound for the correlation function, which decays exponentially in $\|\mathsf {u}\|^2$. The precise form of the result is required for several applications such as the asymptotic formula for the decay of matrix coefficients in $L^2(\Gamma \backslash G)$ proved by Edwards–Lee–Oh.
Nonexistence of Negative Curves
Authors: González Anaya Javier , González José Luis , Karu Kalle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Let $X$ be the blowup of a weighted projective plane ${\mathbb {P}}(a,b,c)$ at a general point. The Kleiman–Mori cone of $X$ is two-dimensional with one ray generated by the class of the exceptional curve $E$. It is not known if the second extremal ray is always generated by the class of a curve. We construct an infinite family of projective toric surfaces of Picard number one such that their blowups $X$ at a general point have half-open Kleiman–Mori cones: there is no negative curve generating the other boundary ray of the cone.
Macroecology and Potential Drivers of Diversity in Webspinner Maternal Care (Order Embioptera)
Authors: Morinaga Gen , Soghigian John , Edgerly Janice S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Embioptera display variability in egg-handling as part of their defense against natural enemies. Because species living in tropical regions experience potentially higher risks of predation than those in temperate climes, we hypothesized that variable risk might explain this variability. We used actual evapotranspiration (AET) rates as a stand-in for climate, region, and potential interactions with natural enemies. We predicted that more complex investments, such as coating individual eggs, organizing them, and topping the cluster with thick silk would co-occur with greater predation threats in tropical regions, scored as higher AET. We predicted that simpler organization of eggs would occur where predator risk would be lower, as in temperate regions (lower AET). We used phylogenetic comparative methods to assess whether more complex egg handling behavior correlated with high AET scores. We quantified five traits of egg handling from field and laboratory evidence for 29 species from habitats ranging from low to high AET. Initial pGLS and pGLM analyses showed a weak effect of AET on parental care index. Upon exclusion of three exotic species spread artificially by trade and collected outside their native ranges, we found strong effects of predation threat in both pGLS and pGLM analyses. These analyses revealed that species that experience potentially greater predation threats exhibited behaviors that corresponded to more complex handling and organization of eggs by the mother. These results align nicely with analyses that also detected that additional lines of defense of eggs typify the behavior of tropical species of other primitively social arthropods.
Bronchopulmonary disposition of IV cefepime/taniborbactam (2–0.5 g) administered over 2 h in healthy adult subjects
Authors: Asempa Tomefa E , Kuti Joseph L , Nascimento Jeffrey C , Pope Samuel J , Salerno Edward L , Troy Patrick J , Nicolau David P 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionTaniborbactam (formerly VNRX-5133) is an investigational β-lactamase inhibitor in clinical development in combination with cefepime for the treatment of MDR Gram-negative pathogens.ObjectivesTo assess the safety profile and pulmonary disposition of 2–0.5 g cefepime/taniborbactam administered as a 2 h IV infusion every 8 h following three doses in healthy adult subjects.MethodsIn this Phase 1 trial, open-label study, plasma samples were collected over the last dosing interval, and subjects (n = 20) were randomized to undergo bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at four timepoints after the last dose. Drug concentrations in plasma (total and free as determined by protein binding), BAL fluid and alveolar macrophages (AM) were determined by LC-MS/MS, and the urea correction method was used to calculate epithelial lining fluid (ELF) drug concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis.ResultsMean (±SD) taniborbactam Cmax and AUC0–8 in plasma were 24.1 ± 4.1 mg/L and 81.9 ± 13.9 mg·h/L, respectively. Corresponding values for cefepime were 118.4 ± 29.7 mg/L and 346.7 ± 71.3 mg·h/L. Protein binding was 0% for taniborbactam and 22.4% for cefepime. Mean taniborbactam concentrations (mg/L) at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h were 3.9, 1.9, 1.0 and 0.3 in ELF and 12.4, 11.5, 14.3 and 14.9 in AM, with corresponding AUC0–8 ELF of 13.8 and AUC0–8 AM of 106.0 mg·h/L. Cefepime AUC0–8 ELF was 77.9 mg·h/L. No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionThe observed bronchopulmonary exposures of taniborbactam and cefepime can be employed to design optimal dosing regimens for clinical trials in patients with pneumonia.
Effect of an Educational Intervention on Women’s Health Care Provider Knowledge Gaps About Breast Cancer Risk Model Use and High-risk Screening Recommendations
Authors: Seitzman Robin L , Pushkin JoAnn , Berg Wendie A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess effectiveness of a web-based educational intervention on women’s health care provider knowledge of breast cancer risk models and high-risk screening recommendations.

Methods
A web-based pre- and post-test study including 177 U.S.-based women’s health care providers was conducted in 2019. Knowledge gaps were defined as fewer than 75% of respondents answering correctly. Pre- and post-test knowledge differences (McNemar test) and associations of baseline characteristics with pre-test knowledge gaps (logistic regression) were evaluated.

Results
Respondents included 131/177 (74.0%) physicians; 127/177 (71.8%) practiced obstetrics/gynecology. Pre-test, 118/177 (66.7%) knew the Gail model predicts lifetime invasive breast cancer risk; this knowledge gap persisted post-test [(121/177, 68.4%); P = 0.77]. Just 39.0% (69/177) knew the Gail model identifies women eligible for risk-reducing medications; this knowledge gap resolved. Only 48.6% (86/177) knew the Gail model should not be used to identify women meeting high-risk MRI screening guidelines; this deficiency decreased to 66.1% (117/177) post-test (P = 0.001). Pre-test, 47.5% (84/177) knew the Tyrer-Cuzick model is used to identify women meeting high-risk screening MRI criteria, 42.9% (76/177) to predict BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutation risk, and 26.0% (46/177) to predict lifetime invasive breast cancer risk. These knowledge gaps persisted but improved. For a high-risk 30-year-old, 67.8% (120/177) and 54.2% (96/177) pre-test knew screening MRI and mammography/tomosynthesis are recommended, respectively; 19.2% (34/177) knew both are recommended; and 53% (94/177) knew US is not recommended. These knowledge gaps resolved or reduced.

Conclusion
Web-based education can reduce important provider knowledge gaps about breast cancer risk models and high-risk screening recommendations.
State of Communication Training During the Breast Imaging Fellowship Year
Authors: Dodelzon Katerina , Katzen Janine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to survey breast imaging fellowship programs nationally on the state of communication skills training during fellowship training.

Methods
In this IRB-exempt study, fellowship program director members of the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) were anonymously surveyed on current provision and types of communication skills training in their fellowship curricula.

Results
A six-question survey was sent to all 95 SBI member fellowship program directors with a response rate of 56% (53/95). Although direct fellow patient-centered communication interactions are practiced across all respondent training programs, formal communication skills training was offered in a minority of programs with 32% (17/53) providing formal communication in the form of a didactic lecture and 17% (9/53) engaging fellows in a simulation communication skills workshop. Of the 53 programs, 12 (22%) reported no formal communication skills training of any kind, while a majority (44/53, 83%) of programs provide regular feedback based on observed fellow–patient communication interactions.

Conclusion
Despite nearly uniform practice of engaging breast imaging fellows in direct patient-centered interaction at the onset of the fellowship training year, the majority of fellowship programs do not provide any formal communication skills training curricula at any point during fellowship training. To equip future breast radiologists with the skills to provide value in an increasingly patient-centered field, dedicated formal communication curricula ought to be incorporated consistently into breast imaging fellowship training programs.
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Imaging
Authors: Morgan Matthew B , Mates Jonathan L 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is great interest in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for medical imaging in general and specifically in breast imaging. Because of the scale of application and the potential for harm, there has been a parallel interest in assuring that these new technologies are scrutinized and applied in ethical ways. The four principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice are widely accepted as a framework for bioethical analysis. We incorporate a fifth principle of explicability (adapted from Floridi and Cowls) because of the unique considerations of AI. We review definitions of each of these principles and provide examples of their practical application to breast imaging.
Disparities in cancer incidence by rurality in California
Authors: Oh Debora L , Schumacher Karen , Yang Juan , Wang Katarina , Lin Katherine , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Shariff-Marco Salma 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer rates in rural areas across the United States have different patterns than in urban areas. This study examines associations between rurality and incidence for the top 5 cancers in California and evaluates whether these associations vary jointly by sex, race, and ethnicity.

Methods
We used 2015-2019 California Cancer Registry data to compare incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and trends for breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, and skin (melanoma) cancers. We leveraged census tract aggregation zones and 7 levels of percentage rural population (0%, &gt;0% to &lt;10%, 10% to &lt;20%, 20% to &lt;30%, 30% to &lt;40%, 40% to &lt;50%, and 50+%).

Results
Zones with higher proportions of rural population were significantly associated with lower incidence of female breast cancer and prostate cancer, though the trends were not statistically significant overall. Zones with higher proportions of rural population were significantly associated with higher incidence of lung cancer and melanoma. There were no statistically significant trends for colorectal cancer overall. Comparing areas with 50% and over rural population with areas with 0% rural population, the IRR for lung cancer in Hispanic females was higher (IRR = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17 to 1.74) than in Hispanic males (IRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.72 to 1.11). Also, in areas with 50% or more rural population, the IRR for melanoma was higher in Hispanic females (IRR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.45) than non-Hispanic White females (IRR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.95).

Conclusions
Our findings show that rurality is associated with cancer incidence and underscore the importance of jointly examining rural disparities with sex, race, and ethnicity by cancer site.
Transmicron: accurate prediction of insertion probabilities improves detection of cancer driver genes from transposon mutagenesis screens
Authors: Bredthauer Carl , Fischer Anja , Ahari Ata Jadid , Cao Xueqi , Weber Julia , Rad Lena , Rad Roland , Wachutka Leonhard , Gagneur Julien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransposon screens are powerful in vivo assays used to identify loci driving carcinogenesis. These loci are identified as Common Insertion Sites (CISs), i.e. regions with more transposon insertions than expected by chance. However, the identification of CISs is affected by biases in the insertion behaviour of transposon systems. Here, we introduce Transmicron, a novel method that differs from previous methods by (i) modelling neutral insertion rates based on chromatin accessibility, transcriptional activity and sequence context and (ii) estimating oncogenic selection for each genomic region using Poisson regression to model insertion counts while controlling for neutral insertion rates. To assess the benefits of our approach, we generated a dataset applying two different transposon systems under comparable conditions. Benchmarking for enrichment of known cancer genes showed improved performance of Transmicron against state-of-the-art methods. Modelling neutral insertion rates allowed for better control of false positives and stronger agreement of the results between transposon systems. Moreover, using Poisson regression to consider intra-sample and inter-sample information proved beneficial in small and moderately-sized datasets. Transmicron is open-source and freely available. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of transposon biology and introduces a novel approach to use this knowledge for discovering cancer driver genes.
Exploiting natural riboswitches for aptamer engineering and validation
Authors: Mohsen Michael G , Midy Matthew K , Balaji Aparaajita , Breaker Ronald R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Over the past three decades, researchers have found that some engineered aptamers can be made to work well in test tubes but that these same aptamers might fail to function in cells. To help address this problem, we developed the ‘Graftamer’ approach, an experimental platform that exploits the architecture of a natural riboswitch to enhance in vitro aptamer selection and accelerate in vivo testing. Starting with combinatorial RNA pools that contain structural features of a guanine riboswitch aptamer interspersed with regions of random sequence, we performed multiplexed in vitro selection with a collection of small molecules. This effort yielded aptamers for quinine, guanine, and caffeine that appear to maintain structural features of the natural guanine riboswitch aptamer. Quinine and caffeine aptamers were each grafted onto a natural guanine riboswitch expression platform and reporter gene expression was monitored to determine that these aptamers function in cells. Additionally, we determined the secondary structure features and survival mechanism of a class of RNA sequences that evade the intended selection strategy, providing insight into improving this approach for future efforts. These results demonstrate that the Graftamer strategy described herein represents a convenient and straightforward approach to develop aptamers and validate their in vivo function.
Alternative splicing mediates the compensatory upregulation of MBNL2 upon MBNL1 loss-of-function
Authors: Nitschke Larissa , Hu Rong-Chi , Miller Andrew N , Lucas Lathan , Cooper Thomas A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLoss of gene function can be compensated by paralogs with redundant functions. An example of such compensation are the paralogs of the Muscleblind-Like (MBNL) family of RNA-binding proteins that are sequestered and lose their function in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1). Loss of MBNL1 increases the levels of its paralog MBNL2 in tissues where Mbnl2 expression is low, allowing MBNL2 to functionally compensate for MBNL1 loss. Here, we show that loss of MBNL1 increases the inclusion of Mbnl2 exon 6 and exon 9. We find that inclusion of Mbnl2 exon 6 increases the translocation of MBNL2 to the nucleus, while the inclusion of Mbnl2 exon 9 shifts the reading frame to an alternative C-terminus. We show that the C-terminus lacking exon 9 contains a PEST domain which causes proteasomal degradation. Loss of MBNL1 increases the inclusion of exon 9, resulting in an alternative C-terminus lacking the PEST domain and the increase of MBNL2. We further find that the compensatory mechanism is active in a mouse DM1 model. Together, this study uncovers the compensatory mechanism by which loss of MBNL1 upregulates its paralog MBNL2 and highlights a potential role of the compensatory mechanism in DM1.
The recognition mode between hsRBFA and mitoribosome 12S rRNA during mitoribosomal biogenesis
Authors: Zhou Wanwan , Liu Xiaodan , Lv Mengqi , Shi Yunyu , Zhang Liang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEukaryotes contain two sets of genomes: the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial genome transcripts 13 mRNAs that encode 13 essential proteins for the oxidative phosphorylation complex, 2 rRNAs (12s rRNA and 16s rRNA), and 22 tRNAs. The proper assembly and maturation of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) are critical for the translation of the 13 key proteins and the function of the mitochondrion. Human ribosome-binding factor A (hsRBFA) is a mitoribosome assembly factor that binds with helix 28, helix 44 and helix 45 of 12S rRNA and facilitates the transcriptional modification of 12S rRNA during the mitoribosomal biogenesis. Previous research mentioned that the malfunction of hsRBFA will induce the instability of mitoribosomes and affect the function of mitochondria, but the mechanisms underlying the interaction between hsRBFA and 12S rRNA and its influence on mitochondrial function are still unknown. In this study, we found that hsRBFA binds with double strain RNA (dsRNA) through its whole N-terminus (Nt) instead of the KH-like domain alone, which is different from the other homologous. Furthermore, we mapped the key residues that affected the RNA binding and maturation of mitoribosomes in vitro. Finally, we investigated how these residues affect mitochondrial functions in detail and systematically.