bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Light‐Driven Oxygen Insertion Reactions into Metal Carbon Bonds by LED‐NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ho Sarah K. Y. , Ezeorah Chigozie , Chari Suviti , Salehi‐Reyhani Ali , Britovsek George J. P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe facile light‐driven insertion reaction of oxygen into metal carbon bonds of the BPI (1,3‐bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindole) complexes [Pt(BPI)Me] and [Pd(BPI)Me] has been investigated by LED‐NMR in CDCl3. The initial insertion reaction leads to peroxo complexes [Pt(BPI)OOMe] and [Pd(BPI)OOMe], which undergo further reactions over time. Spectra were recorded at 1 minute time intervals, which enabled the tracking of the methyl substituent, which eventually generates formaldehyde (and methanediol) and methanol in almost equal proportions. Degradation of the solvent CDCl3 to phosgene and DCl in the presence of oxygen and light leads to several side reactions. DCl reacts with [M(BPI)Me] and [M(BPI)OOMe] to form [M(BPI)Cl], whereas phosgene reacts with in situ generated methanol to chloro methylformate and dimethyl carbonate.
Thermal Stability of LiRF4 (R = Gd, Tb) Compounds
Authors: Fedorov Pavel , Alexandrov Alexander , Korableva Stella , Chernova Elena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiGdF4 and LiTbF4 single crystals are grown by the Bridgman–Stockbarger method from the nonstoichiometric melt comprising 32 mol% RF3 (R = Gd, Tb) and 68 mol% LiF, respectively. Incongruent melting of the single crystals LiGdF4 and LiTbF4 is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. For the first time, the crystal structures of LiGdF4 and LiTbF4 are determined by Rietveld method. Also, rare‐earth lithium fluoride syntheses from lithium nitrate melts at 400 °С are performed for LiTbF4, LiGdF4, LiYF4, and LiDyF4 compounds. For terbium, the product is a mixture of LiTbF4 and TbF3; and for gadolinium, GdF3 is thus produced. With reference to the related literature, it is concluded that LiGdF4 and LiTbF4 are the thermodynamically stable phases in the ranges from 750 ± 5 to 425 ± 15 °С, and from 782 ± 5 to 400 ± 15 °С, respectively. The metastability of LiGdF4 and LiTbF4, however, does not prevent the use of their single crystals as photonic materials.
Contaminated disposable rubber gloves as evidence samples after a chemical attack with nerve agents
Authors: Rozsypal Tomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNerve agents have been used recently in the Syrian civil war. Collecting relevant samples for retrospective identification of an attack is often problematic. The article deals with the possibility of using contaminated gloves as an analytical sample for evidence of the chemical weapons use. There have not yet been published studies dealing with the identification of chemical warfare agents in this type of matrix, where the diversity of chemical properties of gloves and the lifetime of the contaminated sample would be considered. Sarin, soman, and cyclosarin were used as contaminants in the study. Nitrile, latex, and vinyl disposable gloves were chosen as matrices. The identification method was gas chromatography. Six solvents commonly used in military laboratories were tested as extractants. The extraction procedure was optimized in terms of the appropriate method (vortex) and the required extraction time (1 min) and resulted in significant reduction in sample preparation time. The chromatographic background of the extracts was also monitored in order to find a method with the least number of peaks interfering in the identification. Suitable solvents were hexane and acetonitrile. The lifetime of the sample was also investigated. The worst result was recorded for latex. For individual contaminants, the time varied depending on the volatility. The developed procedures were successfully validated within a sample handling effects scenario. The results demonstrate that in the event of an ongoing military risk at the site of an attack, even discarded disposable rubber glove type samples can be used as evidence.
Co‐occurrence of native white‐tailed deer and invasive wild pigs: Evidence for competition?
Authors: Garabedian James E. , Cox Kyle J. , Vukovich Mark , Kilgo John C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding whether invasive and native species compete for shared resources where they co‐occur is essential for mitigating the negative impacts of invasive species on native ecosystems. Here, we examined how the presence and density of an invasive species, wild pigs (Sus scrofa), affect native white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter, deer) on the Savannah River Site, SC, USA. We examined potential changes in deer areas of use, temporal overlap, and occupancy to evaluate the effects of wild pig occurrence and density on deer space use, diel activity, and co‐occurrence with wild pigs across 9 months during 2018 and 2019. Wild pig density had the strongest effect on deer space use in high‐ and moderate‐use areas. Declines in deer space use in response to wild pig density were most pronounced in March and October 2018 and April 2019 for females, while male space use declined in response to wild pig density in October and December 2018. Both species were largely nocturnal with high overlap in diel activity across months. Deer occupancy responses to wild pig density varied across months, with negative responses in May and October 2018 and positive responses in July 2018 and April 2019. Deer and wild pigs co‐occurred at 30%–59% of camera stations across months, with broadscale co‐occurrence patterns being unaffected by changes in shared cover or wild pig occurrence. Overall, our results suggest that deer make fine‐scale behavioral adjustments to avoid wild pigs, providing evidence that competition is likely occurring even where wild pig density is relatively low. Such fine‐scale behavioral plasticity in deer appears to mitigate the costs of competition with wild pigs and may be a mechanism enabling long‐term co‐existence of deer and wild pigs. Our study provides novel insight on the complexities of spatiotemporal relationships between invasive wild pigs and native deer and suggests that the negative effects of interactions between deer and wild pigs may be more pronounced when deer life history needs are particularly demanding. In areas where eradication of invasive wild pigs may be impossible, maintaining low wild pig densities may help mitigate, but may not eliminate, the negative effects of wild pigs on deer.
Thiocyanation of Allylic Alcohols Promoted by Trifluoroacetic Acid
Authors: Xia Wen , Hu Liangzhen , Ma Chenglong , Cao Jiaqi , Zhang Xiaohui , Xiong Yan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA rapid and efficient acid‐promoted strategy to access allylic thiocyanates using allylic alcohols as substrates and easily‐available NH4SCN as the thiocyanate source is presented under metal‐ and oxidant‐free conditions. Through screening of various kinds of acids, organic and strong trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was found most effective. Testing of substrates showed that the strategy has remarkable functional group tolerance. A possible mechanism is provided, and the gram‐scale experiment demonstrate that this novel protocol has potential industrial application value.
β‐N‐Heterocyclic Cyclobutane Carboximides: Synthesis through a Tandem Base‐Catalyzed Amidation/aza‐Michael Addition Protocol and Facile Transformations
Authors: Barranco Stefano , Cuccu Federico , Liu Dayi , Robin Sylvie , Guillot Régis , Secci Francesco , Brenner Valérie , Mons Michel , Caboni Pierluigi , Aitken David J. , Frongia Angelo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA stereoselective one‐pot double derivatization of cyclobutene‐1‐carboxylic acid via a mild organic base catalyzed amidation/aza‐Michael addition of benzo[d]oxazol‐2(3H)‐ones has been developed. This unprecedented tandem reaction provides access to novel β‐N‐heterocyclic cyclobutane carboximide derivatives with a trans geometry. The carboximide moiety reacts smoothly with nucleophiles, allowing access to diverse derivatives of trans‐β‐N‐heterocyclic cyclobutanecarboxylic acid, including peptidomimetic structures.
Electroanalytical performance of a Bismuth/Antimony composite glassy carbon electrode in detecting lead and cadmium
Authors: Muna Grace W. , Barrera Emily , Robinson Lucas , Majeed Hiba , Jones Keon , Damschroder Abigail , Vila Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work reports on the electroanalytical performance of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with antimony and bismuth (Sb/Bi‐GCE) in detecting heavy metal ions using lead and cadmium as model analytes. The electroanalytical performance of the Sb/Bi‐GCE surface was compared to the bismuth modified glassy carbon electrode (Bi‐GCE) as well as the antimony modified glassy carbon electrode (Sb‐GCE). The Sb/Bi‐GCE exhibited excellent figures of merit compared to Bi‐GCE and Sb‐GCE surfaces. For example, the limit of detection for lead was 0.01 ppb using Sb/Bi‐GCE and 0.1 and 1 ppb on Bi‐GCE and Sb‐GCE, respectively.
Eslicarbazepine acetate for the treatment of status epilepticus
Authors: Winter Yaroslav , Sandner Katharina , Vieth Thomas , Groppa Sergiu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveDue to the high mortality of patients with refractory status epilepticus (SE), new antiseizure medications (ASMs) are needed to improve long‐term outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), a new sodium channel blocker, based on the data from a large epilepsy register.MethodsData on the efficacy and safety of ESL for the treatment of refractory SE were gathered from the Mainz Epilepsy Registry (MAINZ‐EPIREG). Logistic regression was applied to identify predictors of status interruption.ResultsIn total, 64 patients with remote symptomatic refractory SE were treated with ESL. No cases of idiopathic generalized epilepsy were included. The average age was 61.4 ± 11.0 years. The median number of administered ASMs before the start of ESL was three. On average, 2 days had elapsed since the onset of SE before the administration of ESL. The initial dose of 800 mg/day was increased up to a maximum daily dose of 1600 mg in case of nonresponse. In 29 of 64 patients (45.3%), the SE could be interrupted within 48 h of ESL therapy. In patients with poststroke epilepsy, the control of SE was achieved in 62% of patients (15/23). The earlier initiation of ESL therapy was an independent predictor of control of SE. Hyponatraemia occurred in five patients (7.8%). Other side effects were not observed.SignificanceBased on these data, ESL may be used as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of refractory SE. The best response was found in patients with poststroke epilepsy. In addition, early initiation of ESL therapy appears to result in better control of SE. Besides a few cases of hyponatraemia, no other adverse events were detected.
The importance of discriminative power rather than significance when evaluating potential clinical biomarkers in epilepsy research
Authors: Slinger Geertruida , Stevelink Remi , van Diessen Eric , Braun Kees P. J. , Otte Willem M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe quest for epilepsy biomarkers is on the rise. Variables with statistically significant group‐level differences are often misinterpreted as biomarkers with sufficient discriminative power. This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between significant group‐level differences and a variable's power to discriminate between individuals.MethodsWe simulated normal‐distributed datasets from hypothetical populations with varying sample sizes (25–800), effect sizes (Cohen's d: .25–2.50), and variability (standard deviation: 10–35) to assess the impact of these parameters on significance and discriminative power. The simulation data were illustrated by assessing the discriminative power of a potential real‐case biomarker—the EEG beta band power—to diagnose generalized epilepsy, using data from 66 children with generalized epilepsy and 385 controls. Additionally, we evaluated recently reported epilepsy biomarkers by comparing their effect sizes to our simulation‐derived effect size criterion.ResultsGroup size affects significance but not discriminative power. Discriminative power is much more related to variability and effect size. Our real data example supported these simulation results by demonstrating that group‐level significance does not translate, one to one, into discriminative power. Although we found a significant difference in the beta band power between children with and without epilepsy, the discriminative power was poor due to a small effect size. A Cohen's d of at least 1.25 is required to reach good discriminative power in univariable prediction modeling. Slightly over 60% of the biomarkers in our literature search met this criterion.SignificanceRather than statistical significance of group‐level differences, effect size should be used as an indicator of a variable's biomarker potential. The minimal required effects size for individual biomarkers—a Cohen's d of 1.25—is large. This calls for multivariable approaches, in which combining multiple variables with smaller effect sizes could increase the overall effect size and discriminative power.
Negative myoclonus causes locomotory disability in progressive myoclonus epilepsy type EPM1‐ Unverricht‐Lundborg disease
Authors: Vogt Heinrich , Baisch Thomas , Mueller‐Pfeiffer Christoph , Mothersill Ian William 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivePatients with Unverricht‐Lundborg disease/EPM1 develop increasing locomotory disability or ataxia in the course of their disease. To test our hypothesis that negative myoclonus is the reason for this increasing ataxia, we investigated a possible correlation over time.MethodsIn 15 patients with EPM1who were confirmed to have a mutation in the CSTB gene, polygraphic video‐EEG–EMG recordings were performed in freely moving or standing patients. The criterion for the duration of the negative myoclonus was the measured length of the silent periods on the EMG.ResultsAll 15 patients had documented negative myoclonus when standing and walking. The mean duration of silent periods significantly increased from 100 (SD: 19.1) ms at time point T1 to 128 (SD: 26.6) ms at T2 in seven of eight patients, based on two recordings and a mean interval of 12.8 (SD: 4.9) years. Using a cross‐sectional approach, all 15 patients were classified based on whether they were ambulatory, could walk with aid, or needed a wheelchair. Ambulatory patients had a mean duration of 97.3 (SD: 16.5) ms, patients who could walk with aid had a mean duration of 106.7 (SD: 16) ms, and patients who were wheelchair‐bound had a mean duration of 138 (SD: 23.6) ms. In addition to the prolongation of the silent periods, there was an observed increase in frequency of the negative myoclonus, becoming more continuous and tremulous.SignificanceUsing simultaneous EEG/EMG recordings in freely moving or standing patients, we have shown that the locomotor disability or ataxia is due to negative myoclonus in voluntary innervated muscles. The reason for the progression is the prolongation of the silent periods as measured by the duration of the negative myoclonus and their increase in frequency.
Sika deer velvet antler protein extract modulater bone metabolism and the structure of gut microbiota in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Pan Wang , Du Juan , An Liping , Xu Guangyu , Yuan Guangxin , Sheng Yu , Sun Jingbo , Wang Manli , Zhao Nanxi , Guo Xiao , Li Hongyu , Han Xiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOsteoporosis is a systemic osteopathy characterized by bone metabolism disorders that become more serious with age increases in postmenopausal women. Recent studies have found that antler protein is the main bioactive component of cervus pantotrichum, and it has a positive regulatory effect on bone metabolism and can improve estrogen level. This study aimed to investigate the effect of velvet antler extract (VAE) on the prevention of osteoporosis and the modulation of gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice treated with 12 weeks of VAE exhibited higher levels of serum BGP, Ca2+, CT, and HyP (p < .05). Micro‐CT scans showed that VAE significantly elevated bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tb.N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular bone connection density (Conn.D), decreased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and structural modality index (SMI) than untreated OVX mice. The right tibial retinaculum in the VAE group was clearer, with a clearer reticular structure, smaller gaps, a tighter distribution, and a more orderly arrangement. The gut microbiota of the cecal contents was analyzed by 16 s rDNA amplicon sequencing. The data indicated that VAE modulated the species, numbers, and diversity of the gut microbiota in OVX mice. Ovariectomy caused dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota by increasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in mice, but the ratio decreased after treatment with VAE. These results suggest that VAE has a therapeutic effect on OVX mice via modulate bone‐related biochemical markers in serum and structure of gut microbiota.
Topologically Triggered Dynamic DNA Frameworks
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Wang Jianbang , Willner Bilha , Willner Itamar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTopologically triggered dynamic nucleic acid circuitries play important roles in diverse biological processes. Biomimetic frameworks emulating topologically triggered native circuitries is a challenging topic in the area of Systems Chemistry. Dynamically reconfigurable functions encoded in synthetically engineered nucleic acids provide means to design topologically‐triggered dynamic DNA frameworks. This topic is addressed with three examples: (i) Integration of reconfigurable G‐quadruplex barriers into polymerization or transcription templates leading to the switchable synthesis of a DNAzyme or of an RNA aptamer as models for native gene expression instability processes. (ii) Design of dynamic transient transcription and gated transcription machineries using an autoinhibition reaction module. (iii) Design of dynamic DNA reaction moduli leading to transient biocatalytic cascades, transient aggregation/deaggregation of semiconductor quantum dots or supramolecular Ag nanoclusters.
Myopericytoma in the corpus cavernosum of the penis: A case report of a rare disease
Authors: Oshiro Hiroki , Shimizu Yousuke , Nakayasu Ryota , Utsunomiya Noriaki , Asai Satsuki , Ishihara Misa , Hashimoto Kimio , Katsushima Hiroki , Kanamaru Sojun 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMyopericytomas usually occur in the extremities of older individuals; however, they also rarely occur in the penis. We report a case of myopericytoma in the corpus cavernosum of the penis and review the relevant literature.Case presentationA 76‐year‐old man presented with a slow‐growing painless nodule on the left side of the penis. On physical examination, a non‐tender, 7‐mm mass was palpable. This tumor showed inhomogeneous low signal intensity on T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The mass was excised and a myopericytoma diagnosed by pathological examination of the operative specimen.ConclusionWe here report a rare case of myopericytoma in the corpus cavernosum of the penis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of a myopericytoma in the penis and the first in the corpus cavernosum of the penis. Clinicians should keep this rare possibility in mind when investigating a mass in the penis.
Effects of salt source and irrigation water salinity on growth, yield and quality parameters of black cumin
Authors: Khan Afzaal , Kurunc Ahmet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExcess salinity, osmotic stress, toxic ions and ion imbalance negatively affect plant growth. Many crops are classified as salt sensitive. However, there is no information in the literature about the effects of different salt sources (SS) and salinity levels (SLs) on black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). This study was conducted to determine the effects of SL (0.6, 1.5, 2.5 and 5.0 dS/m) prepared separately by different SSs (CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl, Ca(NO3)2, MgSO4 and Na2SO4) on the evapotranspiration, growth, yield and quality parameters of black cumin. The results showed that the evapotranspiration, soil salinity, plant height, vegetative dry weight and oil content of black cumin were affected only by SL. Both SS and SL have a significant effect on the number of capsules and seed weight. The SS × SL interaction was meaningful on drainage water salinity and the number of seeds. The seed weights under CaCl2, MgCl2, Ca(NO3)2, MgSO4 and Na2SO4 SS were adversely affected even at very low SL. However, the low slope values for these salts reveal that the increase in SL has a limited effect on seed weight. Therefore, it can be recommended to consider both the salt type and SL of irrigation water in black cumin cultivation.
Some effects of detection dogs on passenger behavior at border control ports
Authors: Williams Emma E. M. , Sharp Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetection dogs are used at border controls as an antecedent intervention to deter the smuggling of contraband. However, there is little research that has explored how the presence of dogs might affect passenger behavior. We observed passengers' behavior at a port when there was an officer alone, an officer with a dog, and an officer with a dog wearing a florescent yellow jacket with “police” written on it for increased salience. We measured eye contact, vocal‐verbal interactions, facial expressions, and nonvocal verbal gestures toward the officer and dog, and changes in passenger direction. Passengers looked, talked, and had the highest frequencies of positive facial expressions when the dog was not wearing a jacket. However, passengers looked toward the dog the quickest and had the highest frequency of negative facial expressions and gestures when the dog was wearing a jacket. We discuss how these findings might inform antecedent interventions to address undesirable behavior such as smuggling.