bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer fins in Compact Heat Exchanger
Authors: Alshameri M.H , Azizuddin A.A , Arshad A. , Sadeq Safwan. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer composites have shown great potential for the fabrication of compact fins-and-tube heat exchangers due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The incorporation of 2% CNTs into the polymer matrix significantly enhances thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. Experimental results demonstrate a notable improvement in heat dissipation efficiency, with an overall heat transfer coefficient enhancement of up to 16%. The fins, measuring 120 mm wide, 120 mm long, and 2 mm thick, were successfully constructed and tested, resulting in a peak local heat transfer coefficient of 183.83 W/m²·°C. These findings suggest that CNT reinforced polymer fins can effectively serve as lightweight, corrosion-resistant alternatives to traditional metallic fins in heat exchanger applications.
Vacancy and Antisite-Induced Ferromagnetism in Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Bi2Te3
Authors: Gómez Viviana , Saenz Maria Jose , Canaval Ruiz Johanns Mauricio , Cuadrado Liliana , Espejo Camilo , López-Pérez William , Hernandez Yenny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) is a widely studied topological insulator, recognized for its unique surface states, low electronic bandgap, and low thermal conductivity. In this study, we characterize exfoliated Bi2Te3 dispersions produced via solvothermal intercalation, where ferromagnetism was measured at room temperature. DFT simulations show that this ferromagnetic behavior is attributed to the presence&#xD;of vacancies and antisites in both the bulk material and the exfoliated crystals. Additionally, the DFT results were complemented by experimental measurements of the optical bandgap using UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealing a broadening of the bandgap&#xD;as the material becomes thinner.
Experimental Investigations of Mechanical and Water Absorption Behavior of Basalt/Jute Bio Composite
Authors: Singh Shweta , Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Rathore Ram Krishna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the growing interest in eco-friendly composites, this study investigates the impact of stacking sequence on the mechanical properties, water absorption behavior, and fabrication quality of hybrid Basalt and Jute composites. Using the hand layup method, six stacking configurations were evaluated for tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness performance, along with water absorption under distilled water, saline water, and moist sand conditions. Results revealed significant enhancements in mechanical properties, with Basalt-Jute-Jute-Basalt (BJJB) achieving a 231% improvement in tensile strength compared to the Jute-Jute-Jute-Jute (JJJJ) baseline. The Jute-Basalt-Basalt-Jute (JBBJ) configuration exhibited the highest flexural strength of 166.6 MPa, while Basalt- Jute-Basalt-Jute (BJBJ) demonstrated superior resistance to moisture and the lowest void fraction (1.459%), indicative of high fabrication quality. SEM analysis identified fiber pullout, matrix cracking, and interfacial debonding as critical failure mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid Basalt-Jute composites as cost-effective, high-performance materials suitable for lightweight and sustainable structural applications in automotive, marine, and construction industries.
Minimally invasive versus open lateral pancreaticojejunostomy in patients with painful chronic pancreatitis: systematic review
Authors: Montorsi Roberto M , Francken Michiel F G , Boermeester Marja A , Busch Olivier R , Daams Freek , Hackert Thilo , Haen Roel , Hollmann Markus W , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , Besselink Marc G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with painful chronic pancreatitis combined with a dilated main pancreatic duct and a normal size pancreatic head are treated according to guidelines by lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ). This systematic review compared outcomes of minimally invasive LPJ and open LPJ.

Methods
From 1 January 2000 until 13 November 2023, series reporting on minimally invasive LPJ and open LPJ in patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis were included. This study was structured in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcome was intraoperative and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included long-term clinical outcomes.

Results
Overall, 19 retrospective studies were included. Morbidity rate ranged from 0% to 57% after minimally invasive LPJ versus 4% to 68% after open LPJ (median: 25, i.q.r.: 23). Length of hospital stay ranged from 5 to 7 days after minimally invasive LPJ and from 6 to 16 days after open LPJ. The rate of pain relief ranged from 62% to 91% after open LPJ (median: 78.5, i.q.r.: 23) and from 71% to 100% (median: 82.5, i.q.r.: 12.5) after minimally invasive LPJ respectively. New-onset endocrine insufficiency ranged from 21% to 22% in minimally invasive LPJ and 19% to 26% after open LPJ. New-onset exocrine insufficiency was shown in 11% to 27% in minimally invasive LPJ versus 8% to 26% after open LPJ. Weight gain ranged from 60% to 100% (median: 97, i.q.r.: 23) after minimally invasive LPJ.

Discussion
This systematic review suggested that minimally invasive LPJ can be performed safely in selected patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis. Phase 2 randomized trials should assess potential short-term benefits such as postoperative pain and length of hospital stay after minimally invasive LPJ.
Influence of genetic and environmental factors on transverse growth
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sameer , Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Saade Marianne , Caradonna Kristina M , Kantarci Alpdogan , Will Leslie , Motro Melih 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to determine the genetic and environmental effects on transverse growth of craniofacial structures, within and between identical and fraternal twins.

Methods
The sample consisted of 142 children in total, divided into 29 pairs of monozygotic twins, 42 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 1 set of dizygotic triplets. Postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs were taken at the ages of 9, 12, and 15 years. Intercanine width, maxillary width, mandibular width, nasal width, and facial width variables were measured. The genetic and environmental components of variance were analyzed with structural equation modeling for multilevel mixed effects.

Results
Intercanine width was initially mainly characterized by a moderate genetic component at 9 years (53%), with environmental influence increasing at age 12 (36%) and peaking at 15 years (84%). Maxillary width was under strong genetic influence at 9 years (70%), with genetic influence remaining strong up to 15 years (73%). Mandibular width was under additive genetic influence at 9 years (76%), with dominant genetic influence remaining high at 15 years (81%). Nasal width was under strong additive genetic influence at 9 years (69%) but switched to increased environmental influence at 15 years (59%). Finally, facial width had a moderate genetic influence at 9 years (66%), which increased at 15 years (90%).

Limitations
This study included patients of European descent, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other ethnic groups.

Conclusions
Although monozygotic and dizygotic twins share at least part of their genetic material, environmental factors accounted for about 10%–84% of variability at various ages, with intercanine width being most affected.
Increasing and Diversifying the Primary Care Physician Workforce
Authors: Penn Dolly C , Oladeinde Yewande A , Avilés-Santa Larissa , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The lack of an adequate primary care physician workforce has been a decades-long challenge facing the delivery of healthcare in the United States of America (USA). Previous research has highlighted how strengthening the nation’s primary care infrastructure is a critical part of improving the nation’s health. Strengthening the infrastructure may also be a strategy for addressing the disproportionate burden of poor health and health outcomes experienced by underserved populations. But, little attention has been focused on how the primary care workforce may affect health disparities. This commentary highlights the importance of the provision of primary care services for populations that experience health disparities, ways that the primary care workforce shortage affects these populations, and potential solutions to expand the reach of the current workforce and to build a diverse workforce to meet the growing needs of the increasingly diverse US population.
Vintage and terroir are the strongest determinants of grapevine carposphere microbiome in the viticultural zone of Drama, Greece
Authors: Bekris Fotios , Papadopoulou Elena , Vasileiadis Sotirios , Karapetsas Nikolaos , Theocharis Serafeim , Alexandridis Thomas K , Koundouras Stefanos , Karpouzas Dimitrios G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The role of microbial terroir for enhancing the geographical origin of wines is well appreciated. Still, we lack a good understanding of the assembly mechanisms driving carposphere grapevine microbiota. We investigated the role of cultivar, vintage, terroir units (TUs), and vineyard geographic location on the composition of the carpospheric microbiota of three important cultivars in the viticultural zone of Drama, Greece using amplicon sequencing. Our strategy to define TUs based on georeferencing analysis allowed us to disentangle the effects of TU and vineyards geographic location, considered as a lumped factor in most studies to date. We hypothesized that (i) these factors contribute differently on the assembly of the carposphere microbiome and that (ii) fungal and bacterial communities follow different assembly mechanisms. Vintage and TU were the stronger determinants of the carposphere fungal and bacterial communities, although the latter showed weaker response. The stronger effect of TU over vineyard geography and cultivar reinforces the role of microbial terroir in viticulture. We identified fungi (Cladosporium, Aureobasidium, Alternaria) and bacteria (Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Sphingomonadaceae) as main members of the core microbiome. These microorganisms were associated with specific cultivars and TUs, a feature that could be pursued towards a new microbiome-modulated paradigm of viticulture.
Shotgun metagenomics reveals the flexibility and diversity of Arctic marine microbiomes
Authors: Freyria Nastasia J , de Oliveira Thais C , Meng Arnaud , Pelletier Eric , Lovejoy Connie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polar oceanographic regions are exposed to rapid changes in temperature, salinity, and light fields that determine microbial species distributions, but resilience to an increasingly unstable climate is unknown. To unravel microbial genomic potential of the Northern Baffin Bay’s polynya, we constructed eight metagenomes from the same latitude but targeting two sides of Pikialasorsuaq (The North Water) that differ by current systems, stratification, and temperature regimes. Samples from the surface and subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) of both sides were collected 13 months apart. Details of metabolic pathways were determined for 18 bacteria and 10 microbial eukaryote metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The microbial eukaryotic MAGs were associated with the dominant green algae in the Mamiellales and diatoms in the Mediophyceae, which tended to respectively dominate the eastern and western sides of Pikialasorsuaq. We show that microbial community taxonomic and functional signatures were ca. 80% similar at the latitude sampled with only 20% of genes associated with local conditions. From the metagenomes we found genes involved in osmotic regulation, antifreeze proteins, and photosystem protection, with hydrocarbon biodegradation and methane oxidation potential detected. The shared genomic compliment was consistent with adaptation to the Arctic’s extreme fluctuating conditions, with implications for their evolutionary history and the long-term survival of a pan-arctic microbiome. In particular, previously unrecognized genetic capabilities for methane bio-attenuation and hydrocarbon metabolism in eukaryotic phytoplankton suggest adaptation to dark conditions that will remain, despite climate warming, in the high latitude offshore waters of a future Arctic.
Led astray by 16S rRNA: phylogenomics reaffirms the monophyly of Methylobacterium and lack of support for Methylorubrum as a genus
Authors: Alleman Alexander B , Stolyar Sergey , Marx Christopher J , Leducq Jean-Baptiste 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although the 16S (and 18S) rRNA gene has been an essential tool in classifying prokaryotes, using a single locus to revise bacteria taxonomy can introduce unwanted artifacts. There was a recent proposition to split the Methylobacterium genus, which contains diverse plant-associated strains and is important for agriculture and biotechnology, into two genera. Resting strongly on the phylogeny of 16S rRNA, 11 species of Methylobacterium were transferred to a newly proposed genus Methylorubrum. Numerous recent studies have independently questioned Methylorubrum as a valid genus, but the prior revision has left discrepancies among taxonomic databases. Here, we review phylogenomic and phenotypic evidence against Methylorubrum as a genus and call for its abandonment. Because Methylobacterium sensu lato forms a consistent and monophyletic genus, we argue for the restoration of the former and consensual Methylobacterium taxonomy. The large genomic, phenotypic, and ecological diversity within Methylobacterium however suggests complex evolutionary and adaptive processes and support the description of the most basal clade of Methylobacterium (group C) as a distinct genus in future work. Overall, this perspective demonstrates the danger of solely relying upon the 16S rRNA gene as a delimiter of genus level taxonomy and that further attempts must include more robust phenotypic and phylogenomic criteria.
PenoMeter: a machine learning and algorithmic tool to advance Peyronie’s disease assessment
Authors: Soltani Reza , Balapour Ali , Witherspoon Luke , Alhamam Abdullah , Flannigan Ryan , Hach Faraz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Peyronie’s disease curvature assessment is a critical step for patient assessment; however, tools for objective, unbiased, and reproducible quantification are currently limited.

Aim
To develop an automated computational tool to identify the penis from a 2D image and to accurately and reproducibly measure the degree of angulation.

Methods
We developed PenoMeter using instance segmentation to identify penile anatomical components, key point detection to identify shaft corners, geometric calculations to locate and measure the angulation of the point of maximal curvature. We trained our model on training datasets and evaluated the PenoMeter using a separate dataset of digital penile images.

Outcomes
The PenoMeter is an artificial intelligence-powered assistive diagnostic toolkit that can automatically assess the curvature angle of penile 2D images that holds potential for healthcare practitioners to use in assistance for PD assessments.

Results
The PenoMeter’s reported angulation, relative to the mean angulation reported by three subspecialized urologists, falls within their range of variability in 57 out of 66 cases (86%) and outside their range of variability in 9 out of 66 cases (14%) of digital images. The PenoMeter demonstrated no intra-observer variance (0°) in repeated measures over time compared to the three subspecialized urologists who demonstrated intra-observer variability between by 3.8° to 7.8°.

Clinical and Translational Implications
The PenoMeter can be utilized for initial PD assessment and tracking treatment outcomes in time-series data for both clinical and research contexts.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths of the PenoMeter include unbiased and objective quantification of penile curvature. Furthermore, it demonstrates no intra-observer variability, making it appealing for evaluating time-series digital images. Limitations of the PenoMeter include the lack of a measure of confidence for curvature assessment. Detection and measurement of other forms of PD deformities such as indentations, hourglass deformities, torque and distal tapering require further development. Finally, accurate curvature quantification is reliant on reproducibly acquiring accurate digital images and an accurate and consistent assessment of penile rigidity; therefore, a well-defined process for image acquisition and clinician assessment of penile rigidity immediately prior to digital photo capture would be required to enhance accuracy of obtaining a representatively accurate image for processing.

Conclusions
The PenoMeter’s performance in penile curvature assessment of digital photos are objective, accurate and reproducible, and therefore carries potential to assist clinicians’ initial PD assessments and treatment outcome tracking. However, the PenoMeter is not currently positioned to replace the current gold-standard in-office assessment.
Population Genomics of Premature Termination Codons in Cavefish With Substantial Trait Loss
Authors: Roback Emma Y , Ferrufino Estephany , Moran Rachel L , Shennard Devin , Mulliniks Charlotte , Gallop Josh , Weagley James , Miller Jeffrey , Fily Yaouen , Ornelas-García Claudia Patricia , Rohner Nicolas , Kowalko Johanna E , McGaugh Suzanne E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Loss-of-function alleles are a pertinent source of genetic variation with the potential to contribute to adaptation. Cave-adapted organisms exhibit striking loss of ancestral traits such as eyes and pigment, suggesting that loss-of-function alleles may play an outsized role in these systems. Here, we leverage 141 whole genome sequences to evaluate the evolutionary history and adaptive potential of single nucleotide premature termination codons (PTCs) in Mexican tetra. We find that cave populations contain significantly more PTCs at high frequency than surface populations. We also find that PTCs occur more frequently in genes with inherent relaxed evolutionary constraint relative to the rest of the genome. Using SLiM to simulate PTC evolution in a cavefish population, we show that the smaller population size and increased genetic drift is sufficient to account for the observed increase in PTC frequency in cave populations without positive selection. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we show that mutation of one of these genes, pde6c, produces phenotypes in surface Mexican tetra that mimic cave-derived traits. Finally, we identify a small subset of candidate genes that contain high-frequency PTCs in cave populations, occur within selective sweeps, and may contribute to beneficial traits such as reduced energy expenditure, suggesting that a handful of PTCs may be adaptive. Overall, our work provides a rare characterization of PTCs across wild populations and finds that they may have an important role in loss-of-function phenotypes, contributing to a growing body of literature showing genome evolution through relaxed constraint in subterranean organisms.
Deciphering Plant NLR Genomic Evolution: Synteny-Informed Classification Unveils Insights into TNL Gene Loss
Authors: Guo Bo-Cheng , Zhang Yi-Rong , Liu Zhi-Guang , Li Xin-Chu , Yu Ze , Ping Bo-Ya , Sun Ya-Qiang , van den Burg Harrold , Ma Feng-Wang , Zhao Tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes encode a pivotal class of plant immune receptors. However, their rampant duplication and loss have made inferring their genomic evolutionary trajectory difficult, exemplified by the loss of TNL family genes in monocots. In this study, we introduce a novel classification system for angiosperm NLR genes, grounded in network analysis of microsynteny information. This refined classification categorizes these genes into five classes: CNL_A, CNL_B, CNL_C, TNL, and RNL. Compared to the previous classification, we further subdivided CNLs into three subclasses. The credibility of this classification is supported by phylogenetic analysis and examination of protein domain structures. Importantly, this classification enabled a model to explain the extinction of TNL genes in monocots. Compelling microsynteny evidence underscores this revelation, indicating a clear synteny correspondence between the non-TNLs in monocots and the extinct TNL subclass. Our study provides crucial insights into the genomic origin and divergence of plant NLR subfamilies, unveiling the malleability-driven journey that has shaped the functionality and diversity of plant NLR genes.
Single-cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Illuminate Bat Immunity and Barrier Tissue Evolution
Authors: Levinger Roy , Tussia-Cohen Dafna , Friedman Sivan , Lender Yan , Nissan Yomiran , Fraimovitch Evgeny , Gavriel Yuval , Tearle Jacqueline L E , Kolodziejczyk Aleksandra A , Moon Kyung-Mee , Gomes Tomás , Kunowska Natalia , Weinberg Maya , Donati Giacomo , Foster Leonard J , James Kylie R , Yovel Yossi , Hagai Tzachi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bats have adapted to pathogens through diverse mechanisms, including increased resistance—rapid pathogen elimination, and tolerance—limiting tissue damage following infection. In the Egyptian fruit bat (an important model in comparative immunology), several mechanisms conferring disease tolerance were discovered, but mechanisms underpinning resistance remain poorly understood. Previous studies on other species suggested that the elevated basal expression of innate immune genes may lead to increased resistance to infection. Here, we test whether such transcriptional patterns occur in Egyptian fruit bat tissues through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of gut, lung, and blood cells, comparing gene expression between bat, mouse, and human. Despite numerous recent loss and expansion events of interferons in the bat genome, interferon expression and induction are remarkably similar to that of mouse. In contrast, central complement system genes are highly and uniquely expressed in key regions in bat lung and gut epithelium, unlike in human and mouse. Interestingly, the unique expression of these genes in the bat gut is strongest in the crypt, where developmental expression programs are highly conserved. The complement system genes also evolve rapidly in their coding sequences across the bat lineage. Finally, the bat complement system displays strong hemolytic activity. Together, these results indicate a distinctive transcriptional divergence of the complement system, which may be linked to bat resistance, and highlight the intricate evolutionary landscape of bat immunity.
Revealing the zone of possible agreement between parties in conflict: An application to Israeli-Palestinian peace agreements
Authors: Cavatorta Elisa , Groom Ben , Sher Gilead 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
After Hamas’ attack on 2023 October 7 and Israel’s subsequent war, a pressing question is the nature of a postwar peace agreement. Peace negotiations often become deadlocked due to difficulties in identifying mutually advantageous agreements. A large-scale survey task and method is developed to identify the strength of preference for components of potential peace deals and changes to the status quo. Analyzing pre-October 7 representative samples of Israelis and Palestinians reveals a Zone of Possible Agreement, demonstrating shared preferences for deals that improve daily life. Violence exposure hampers compromise among Israelis, emphasizing the importance of abstaining from violence for conflict resolution.