bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abbreviated Breast MRI: Our Two-Year Initial Experience
Authors: Marshall Holly , Burkard-Mandel Lauren , Hsu Jerry , Durieux Jared , Shikhman Rachel , Plecha Donna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate and present our two-year experience with abbreviated breast MRI at our academic institution as a screening tool to identify primary breast cancers.

Methods
Employing eight specialty trained breast radiologists, studies were interpreted using the BI-RADS MRI lexicon in this IRB-approved retrospective study. The protocol utilized T1-weighted, fat-saturated, pre- and post-contrast, short  T1 inversion recovery images, and was completed within 10 minutes. Abbreviated breast MRI was offered to asymptomatic women of all breast densities, whose ages ranged from 24 to 90 years. Statistical analysis was performed for comparative data utilizing estimated odds ratios.

Results
Of 1338 patients that met inclusion criteria, 83% (1111/1338) were BI-RADS 1 or 2, 9.0% (121/1338) were BI-RADS 3, and 8% (106/1338) were categorized as either BI-RADS 4 or 5 with recommended biopsy. Biopsy of BI-RADS 4 and 5 categorized patients yielded 15 cancers for a positive predictive value (PPV) 2 of 14.2% and a PPV3 of 18.5%, with 76% (81/106) of patients undergoing the recommended biopsy. An additional cancer was detected in a BI-RADS 3 finding. All cancers detected were in women with heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breasts. Therefore, 16 cancers were detected, yielding a cancer detection rate of 12.0 per 1000. Over the next 12 to 24 months, no interval cancers were detected.

Conclusion
Abbreviated breast MRI demonstrates a higher cancer detection rate compared with mammography only and may provide a supplemental screening method to detect breast cancers in patients with varying risk factors.
Opportunities to address gaps in early detection and improve outcomes of liver cancer
Authors: McMahon Brian , Cohen Chari , Brown Jr Robert S , El-Serag Hashem , Ioannou George N , Lok Anna S , Roberts Lewis R , Singal Amit G , Block Timothy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Death rates from primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) have continued to rise in the United States over the recent decades despite the availability of an increasing range of treatment modalities, including new systemic therapies. Prognosis is strongly associated with tumor stage at diagnosis; however, most cases of HCC are diagnosed beyond an early stage. This lack of early detection has contributed to low survival rates. Professional society guidelines recommend semiannual ultrasound-based HCC screening for at-risk populations, yet HCC surveillance continues to be underused in clinical practice. On April 28, 2022, the Hepatitis B Foundation convened a workshop to discuss the most pressing challenges and barriers to early HCC detection and the need to better leverage existing and emerging tools and technologies that could improve HCC screening and early detection. In this commentary, we summarize technical, patient-level, provider-level, and system-level challenges and opportunities to improve processes and outcomes across the HCC screening continuum. We highlight promising approaches to HCC risk stratification and screening, including new biomarkers, advanced imaging incorporating artificial intelligence, and algorithms for risk stratification. Workshop participants emphasized that action to improve early detection and reduce HCC mortality is urgently needed, noting concern that many of the challenges we face today are the same or similar to those faced a decade ago and that HCC mortality rates have not meaningfully improved. Increasing the uptake of HCC screening was identified as a short-term priority while developing and validating better screening tests and risk-appropriate surveillance strategies.
Mitigating the impact of the CIB on galaxy cluster SZ detection with spectrally constrained matched filters
Authors: Zubeldia Íñigo , Chluba Jens , Battye Richard 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters detected through the thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich (tSZ) effect are a powerful cosmological probe from which constraints on cosmological parameters such as Ωm and σ8 can be derived. The measured cluster tSZ signal can be, however, contaminated by Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) emission, as the CIB is spatially correlated with the cluster tSZ field. We quantify the extent of this contamination by applying the iterative multifrequency matched filter (iMMF) cluster-finding method to mock Planck-like data from the Websky simulation. We find a significant bias in the retrieved cluster tSZ observables (signal-to-noise and Compton-y amplitude), at the level of about $0.5\, \sigma$ per cluster. This CIB-induced bias translates into about 20 per cent fewer detections than expected if all the Planck HFI channels are used in the analysis, which can potentially bias derived cosmological constraints. We introduce a spectrally constrained iMMF, or sciMMF, which proves to be highly effective at suppressing this CIB-induced bias from the tSZ cluster observables by removing the cluster-correlated CIB at the expense of a small signal-to-noise penalty. Our sciMMF is also robust to modelling uncertainties, namely to errors in the assumed spectral energy distribution of the cluster-correlated CIB. With it, CIB-free cluster catalogues can be constructed and used for cosmological inference. We provide a publicly available implementation of our sciMMF as part of the SZiFi package.
A phoenix rising? The regeneration of the Ghana garment and textile industry
Authors: Sarpong David , Ofosu George , Botchie David , Meissner Dirk 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Some African countries’ premier industries, such as textiles, garments and agro-processing, which floundered in the face of market liberalization and stiff competition from cheap imports, are now going through regenerative changes, with some beginning to tell a cautionary tale of a leap upwards. Focusing on the Ghana garment and textile industry, we draw on a framework that integrates social practices and everyday general-purpose technologies to explore the rise, decline and regeneration of the industry. Explicating a fine analysis of how the performative reconfiguration of social practices and functional sources of innovation and technologies may combine to support innovation-driven growth, our study sheds light on how loosely connected actors within a hitherto floundering industry can learn to transform their situated practices to drive their ‘industrial regeneration’. Implications for the theory and practice of industrial regeneration are outlined.
In search of the suitable candidate: the role of status, upstream and downstream diversity in recruitment partnerships
Authors: Tzoc Kristen , Gondal Neha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We conceptualize recruitment partnerships between higher education institutions (HEIs) and accounting firms as a social network. While elite closure is known to be typical of such relationships, we posit that commitments to improving organizational diversity should curtail this tendency. Yet, whereas diversity in employee recruitment is culturally institutionalized, there are no imperatives encouraging HEIs to partner with diverse firms, what we call ‘downstream diversity’. We hypothesize this differentiation should lead elite companies to form more diverse partnerships with HEIs than HEIs do with firms. Our analysis confirms elite HEIs mostly partner with prestigious companies. The latter partner across the status spectrum, but recruitment from lower-status HEIs is for less desirable jobs. We also find elite establishments in both fields are unlikely to partner with organizations with high representation of Black persons. We conclude that (a) recruitment partnerships reproduce status distinctions, (b) firms are failing to meet diversity commitments and (c) downstream diversity needs to be incorporated into HEI diversity management toolkits.
The Role of Benefit Finding in the Relationship Between Pain and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Youth With Chronic Pain
Authors: Kaufhold Jamie , Soltani Sabine , Birnie Kathryn A. , Noel Melanie 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) co-occur in youth at high rates. Current conceptual models of mutual maintenance do not identify specific youth resilience factors, such as benefit finding in this co-occurrence. Benefit finding is the process of perceiving positive benefits as the results of experiencing adversity. It has been viewed as a potential mitigator for illness symptoms; however, only minimal cross-sectional research has been conducted and none has longitudinally examined the possible buffering effect of benefit finding in the co-occurrence of chronic pain and PTSS in youth. This longitudinal investigation examined whether benefit finding changes over time, influences pain outcomes and moderates the relationship between PTSS and chronic pain in a clinical sample of youth with chronic pain.

Methods:
Youth (N =105, Female = 78.1%) with chronic pain between the ages of 7–17 years (M = 13.70; SD = 2.47) participated. Participants completed measures at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months to assess pain intensity and interference, PTSS, and benefit finding.

Results:
Benefit finding did not significantly change over time. Cross-sectionally, benefit finding at 3 months significantly explained the variance in pain interference and intensity at 3 months. Benefit finding at 3 months did not significantly moderate the relationship between baseline PTSS and pain interference or intensity at 6 months.

Discussion:
These findings replicate previous research that found positive cross-sectional associations between PTSS and chronic pain, and between benefit finding and worse pain intensity and interference. Further research on resilience in pediatric chronic pain is needed.
Neural Correlates of Individual Differences in Speech-in-Noise Performance in a Large Cohort of Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Berger Joel I. , Gander Phillip E. , Kim Subong , Schwalje Adam T. , Woo Jihwan , Na Young-min , Holmes Ann , Hong Jean M. , Dunn Camille C. , Hansen Marlan R. , Gantz Bruce J. , McMurray Bob , Griffiths Timothy D. , Choi Inyong 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Understanding speech-in-noise (SiN) is a complex task that recruits multiple cortical subsystems. Individuals vary in their ability to understand SiN. This cannot be explained by simple peripheral hearing profiles, but recent work by our group (Kim et al. 2021, Neuroimage) highlighted central neural factors underlying the variance in SiN ability in normal hearing (NH) subjects. The present study examined neural predictors of SiN ability in a large cohort of cochlear-implant (CI) users.

Design:
We recorded electroencephalography in 114 postlingually deafened CI users while they completed the California consonant test: a word-in-noise task. In many subjects, data were also collected on two other commonly used clinical measures of speech perception: a word-in-quiet task (consonant-nucleus-consonant) word and a sentence-in-noise task (AzBio sentences). Neural activity was assessed at a vertex electrode (Cz), which could help maximize eventual generalizability to clinical situations. The N1-P2 complex of event-related potentials (ERPs) at this location were included in multiple linear regression analyses, along with several other demographic and hearing factors as predictors of SiN performance.

Results:
In general, there was a good agreement between the scores on the three speech perception tasks. ERP amplitudes did not predict AzBio performance, which was predicted by the duration of device use, low-frequency hearing thresholds, and age. However, ERP amplitudes were strong predictors for performance for both word recognition tasks: the California consonant test (which was conducted simultaneously with electroencephalography recording) and the consonant-nucleus-consonant (conducted offline). These correlations held even after accounting for known predictors of performance including residual low-frequency hearing thresholds. In CI-users, better performance was predicted by an increased cortical response to the target word, in contrast to previous reports in normal-hearing subjects in whom speech perception ability was accounted for by the ability to suppress noise.

Conclusions:
These data indicate a neurophysiological correlate of SiN performance, thereby revealing a richer profile of an individual’s hearing performance than shown by psychoacoustic measures alone. These results also highlight important differences between sentence and word recognition measures of performance and suggest that individual differences in these measures may be underwritten by different mechanisms. Finally, the contrast with prior reports of NH listeners in the same task suggests CI-users performance may be explained by a different weighting of neural processes than NH listeners.
Association of Epileptiform Activity With Outcomes in Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy
Authors: Chen Patrick M. , Stekhoven Sophie Schuurmans , Haider Adnan , Jing Jin , Ge Wendong , Rosenthal Eric S. , Westover M. Brandon , Zafar Sahar F. 
Published: May 2023

IMPORTANCE:
The clinical significance of epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) specific to toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (TME) is unknown.

OBJECTIVES:
To quantify EA burden in patients with TME and its association with neurologic outcomes.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANT:
This is a retrospective study. A cohort of patients with TME and EA (positive) were age, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score matched to a cohort of TME patients without EA (control). Univariate analysis compared EA-positive patients against controls. Multivariable logistical regression adjusting for underlying disease etiology was performed to examine the relationship between EA burden and probability of poor neurologic outcome (modified Rankin Score [mRS] 4–6) at discharge. Consecutive admissions to inpatient floors or ICUs that underwent continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring at a single center between 2012 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were 1) patients with TME diagnosis, 2) age greater than 18 years, and 3) greater than or equal to 16 hours of cEEG. Patients with acute brain injury and cardiac arrest were excluded.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
Poor neurologic outcome defined by mRS (mRS 4–6).

RESULTS:
One hundred sixteen patients were included, 58 with EA and 58 controls without EA, where matching was performed on age and APACHE-II score. The median age was 66 (Q1–Q3, 57–75) and median APACHE II score was 18 (Q1–Q3, 13–22). Overall cohort discharge mortality was 22% and 70% had a poor neurologic outcome. Peak EA burden was defined as the 12-hour window of recording with the highest prevalence of EAs. In multivariable analysis adjusted for Charlson Comorbidity Index and primary diagnosis, presence of EAs was associated with poor outcome (odds ratio 3.89; CI [1.05–14.2], p = 0.041). Increase in peak EA burden from 0% to 100% increased probability of poor discharge neurologic outcome by 30%.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Increasing burden of EA is associated with worse discharge outcomes in patients with TME. Future studies are needed to determine whether short-term treatment with anti-seizure medications while medically treating the underlying metabolic derangement improves outcomes.
Interactive or tailored digital interventions to increase uptake in cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening to reduce health inequity: a systematic review
Authors: Richardson-Parry Afua , Silva Mitchell , Valderas Jose M. , Donde Shaantanu , Woodruff Seth , van Vugt Joris 
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives
Significant health inequities exist in screening uptake for certain types of cancer. The review question was to identify and describe interactive, tailored digital, computer, and web-based interventions to reduce health inequity in cancer screening and review the effectiveness of such interventions in increasing screening rates versus usual care.

Methods
We searched four medical literature databases for randomized control trials (RCTs) published until 12 January 2023 that evaluated interventions aimed at increasing the percentage of breast, prostate, cervical, or colorectal cancer screening uptake. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity among studies.

Results
After screening 4200 titles and abstracts, 17 studies were included. Studies focused on colorectal (n = 10), breast (n = 4), cervical (n = 2), and prostate (n = 1) cancer screening. All were based in the USA except two. Most studies focused on ethnicity/race, while some included low-income populations. Intervention types were heterogeneous and used computer programs, apps, or web-based methods to provide tailored or interactive information to participants about screening risks and options. Some studies found positive effects for increasing cancer screening uptake in the intervention groups compared to usual care, but results were heterogeneous.

Conclusion
Interventions that use individual and cultural tailoring of cancer screening educational material should be further developed and investigated outside of the USA. Designing effective digital intervention strategies, with components that can be adapted to remote delivery may be an important strategy for reducing health inequities in cancer screening during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Cicatricial Entropion in Chronic Cicatrizing Conjunctivitis: Potential Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Long-Term Outcomes of a Modified Technique
Authors: Singh Swati , Basu Sayan , Jakati Saumya 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of severe cicatricial entropion repair with mucous membrane grafting in patients with chronic cicatrizing conjunctivitis and report histopathological changes in the eyelid margin area.

Methods:
Prospective interventional study included 19 patients with severe cicatricial entropion with trichiasis (N = 20 eyelids; 19 upper and 1 lower eyelid) who underwent anterior lamellar recession (with back cuts) and mucous membrane grafting cover for bare anterior tarsus, lid margin, and 2 mm of marginal tarsus, and had a minimum 6 months of follow-up. The anterior lamella and metaplastic eyelid margins were sent for routine Haematoxylin and Eosin and special staining with Masson trichrome stain.

Results:
The etiologies were chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (N = 6), chemical injury (N = 11), and drug-induced pseudopemphigoid (N = 2). Five eyes had undergone entropion correction in the past, and 9 had electroepilation for trichiasis. Entropion was well corrected (without residual trichiasis) in 85% of eyelids with primary surgery. The etiology-wise success rates were 100% for Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 72.7% for chemical injury, and 100% for drug-induced pseudopemphigoid. Three eyelids with failure belonged to chemical injury, and trichiasis in these eyes could be managed with subsequent interventions except in 1 case. All eyelids had no entropion at a mean follow-up of 10.8 months (range, 6–18). Histopathological evaluation of anterior lamella (N = 10) and eyelid margins revealed significant fibrosis in subepithelial, perimysium (muscle of Riolan), and perifollicular areas.

Conclusion:
Anterior lamellar recession combined with mucous membrane grafting achieves good cicatricial entropion correction except in eyes with chemical injury. The eyelid margins in these eyes have persistent inflammation, and fibrosis involving lash follicles.
Nomogram development and validation for predicting minimally invasive step-up approach failure in infected necrotizing pancreatitis patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Gang , Li Shuai , Cao Longxiang , Mao Wenjian , Zhou Jing , Ye Bo , Zhang Jingzhu , Ding Ling , Zhu Yin , Ke Lu , Liu Yuxiu , Tong Zhihui , Li Weiqin 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Previous studies have shown that minimally invasive treatment for infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP) may be safer and more effective than open necrosectomy (ON), but ON is still irreplaceable in a portion of INP patients. Furthermore, there is a lack of tools to identify INP patients at risk of minimally invasive step-up approach failure (eventually received ON or died), which may enable appropriate treatment for them. Our study aims to identify risk factors that can predict minimally invasive step-up approach failure in INP patients and to develop a nomogram for early prediction.

Methods:
Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between minimally invasive step-up approach failure and factors regarding demographics, disease severity, laboratory index, and the location of extrapancreatic necrotic collections. A novel nomogram was developed, and its performance was validated both internally and externally by its discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness.

Results:
There were 267, 89, and 107 patients in the training, internal, and external validation cohorts, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the computed tomography severity index (CTSI) greater than 8 points, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score of 16 points or more, early spontaneous bleeding, fungi infection, granulocyte and platelet decrease within 30 days of acute pancreatitis onset, and extrapancreatic necrosis collection located in small bowel mesentery were independent risk factors for minimally invasive step-up approach failure. The area under the curve and coefficient of determination (R
2) of the nomogram constructed from the above factors were 0.920 and 0.644, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed that the model had good fitness (P=0.206). In addition, the nomogram performed well in both the internal and external validation cohorts.

Conclusions:
The nomogram had a good performance in predicting minimally invasive step-up approach failure, which may help clinicians distinguish INP patients at risk of minimally invasive step-up approach failure early.
Micronutrients, genetics and COVID-19
Authors: Kotur Nikola , Stankovic Biljana , Pavlovic Sonja 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
Marked inter-individual differences in the clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has initiated studies in the field of genetics. This review evaluates recent genetic evidence (predominantly in the last 18 months) related to micronutrients (vitamins and trace elements) and COVID-19.

Recent findings
In patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), altered circulating levels of micronutrients may serve as prognostic markers of disease severity. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies did not find significant effect of variable genetically predicted levels of micronutrients on COVID-19 phenotypes, however, recent clinical studies on COVID-19 point out to vitamin D and zinc supplementation as a nutritional strategy to reduce disease severity and mortality. Recent evidence also points to variants in vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, most notably rs2228570 (FokI) “f” allele and rs7975232 (ApaI) “aa” genotype as poor prognostic markers.

Summary
Since several micronutrients were included in the COVID-19 therapy protocols, research in the field of nutrigenetics of micronutrients is in progress. Recent findings from MR studies prioritize genes involved in biological effect, such as the VDR gene, rather than micronutrient status in future research. Emerging evidence on nutrigenetic markers may improve patient stratification and inform nutritional strategies against severe COVID-19.