bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enforcing the Nationally Described Space Standard: the regulation of “Sub-standard” English housing
Authors: Hubbard Phil 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Despite opposition from housebuilders, the Nationally Described Space Standard (NDSS) was introduced in 2015 amid concerns about shrinking home sizes. This paper examines Planning Appeal cases to examine how the standard has been enforced.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper considers how the NDSS has informed the regulation of housing size, based on an overview of post-2015 Planning Appeal Decisions in England where the gross internal area of the home was below the NDSS.

Findings
Appeals by developers have tended to fail where homes are “significantly” – i.e. 10% or more – below the NDSS. However, in some instances – especially where local authorities have not adopted the NDSS – the Planning Inspectorate rules considerably smaller homes “adequate”. These discrepancies appear related to (subjective) judgements about who might occupy the space, alongside consideration of layout, light and fenestration.

Originality/value
This paper is the ﬁrst exploration of how the NDSS has been enforced, highlighting important contradictions in the adjudication of space standards. Many of these contradictions emerge because the NDSS is discretionary rather than mandatory, with the paper suggesting the need for clearer guidance on their application.
Quando gente é memória, o Patrimônio é (a) gente?
Authors: Ruggiero Amanda Saba 
Published: August 2023

O uso corrente da palavra patrimônio incide sobre o sentido da preservação, predominantemente do edifício, da matéria, e remete às técnicas de conservação, restauro, quando ganham protagonismo e relevância a técnica, a estética e a arquitetura. No debate sobre a requalificação e preservação de centros históricos, e sobre o emprego cultural de grandes áreas industriais desativadas, prevalecem as intervenções de caráter empresarial, modelo em que o patrimônio é o cenário para consumo da cultura e do turismo como mercadoria. Tais práticas trouxeram para cena o debate sobre a expulsão de populações locais, a engrandecimento financeiro dos entornos urbanos, denominado “gentrificação” ou enobrecimento urbano. A questão colocada para reflexão nestes termos é: pode-se assumir que tal fenômeno se aplica de modo generalizado ou não nos contextos metropolitanos? Quais especificidades são debatidas em outros centros urbanos, como por exemplo das cidades médias no interior de São Paulo? Como valorizar a memória coletiva em detrimento da supervalorização estética e material dos espaços patrimonializados? Quando as políticas patrimoniais reconhecem gente, o patrimônio é o agente?
Baclofen and Tizanidine Adverse Effects Observed Among Community-Dwelling Adults Above the Age of 50 Years: A Systematic Review
Authors: Killam-Worrall Lisa , Brand Romana , Castro Janine R. , Patel Dipa S. , Huynh Katherine , Lindley Bryn , Torres Brittany Palasik 
Published: August 2023

Objective: This review highlights adverse effects of baclofen and tizanidine in older community-dwelling adults. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted, including search terms of “adverse effect,” “baclofen,” “elderly,” “falls,” “fractures,” and “tizanidine.” Studies were included if they described community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older who received oral baclofen or tizanidine. The Federal Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data were compiled for adverse effect incidence. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The literature search was completed in July 2019 and updated in June 2023. Reviews performed by 2 independent reviewers yielded 15 records. FAERS identified 486 (baclofen) and 305 (tizanidine) adverse effects of interest. Data Synthesis: Two retrospective cohort studies evaluating baclofen use in older adults showed increased hospitalizations for encephalopathy in chronic kidney disease (7.2% vs 0.1%) and end-stage renal disease (daily dose 20 mg or more; relative risk [RR] 19.8, 95% CI = [14.0-28.0]). Other articles were case reports; 10 articles reported dyskinesias, encephalopathy or disorientation, and drowsiness associated with baclofen, and 5 articles reported bradycardia and/or hypotension with tizanidine. The FAERS Public Dashboard revealed 12.1% and 28.7% overall incidence of adverse effects of interest, with a 27.8% and 29.2% incidence of falls for baclofen and tizanidine, respectively. Baclofen and tizanidine are associated with concerning adverse effects in older adults. Alternative agents should be considered, but, if necessary, providers should start at lower doses and increase slowly. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of using baclofen and tizanidine with caution in older adults.
Study design: The social wellbeing of newly-arrived adolescent migrants in reception education in Flanders (socNAMs)
Authors: Devos Sarah , Deforche Benedicte , Derluyn Ilse , Bracke Piet , Delaruelle Katrijn 
Published: August 2023

Aims: socNAMs provides a comprehensive and comparative dataset for researchers to identify how students’ recent migration and their school setting relates to their social wellbeing, particularly regarding their feelings of loneliness. Results: This study design article delineates a quantitative cross-sectional research study (socNAMs) which successfully developed three questionnaires that were administered with unique and hard to reach populations, newly-arrived adolescent migrants (NAMs) and school staff offering reception education in Flanders, Belgium. Methods: At the individual level, socNAMs collected information on: (1) socio-demographic variables of NAMs; (2) migration and family context; (3) social relationships; (4) school experiences; (5) self-perceived wellbeing (physical and social); and (6) experiences with discrimination. The questionnaire developed for NAMs is available in 16 languages. To gain a further understanding of the impact of the school environment on NAMs, socNAMs collected contextual information primarily concerning school social capital by including data collected from teachers and reception-class coordinators. The final sample included 1379 NAMs, 50 teachers and 26 reception-class coordinators, from 35 schools offering reception education. Conclusions: In this article, we present the rationale for this study, the methodology of sampling and recruitment, the development and content of the questionnaires, some preliminary descriptive results and the strengths and limitations of the study. Future empirical studies will address the research aims outlined in this protocol paper. In addition, we highlight the opportunities that the dataset provides for advancing research regarding the social wellbeing of NAMs in varying school and national contexts.
Impact of stent compression in patients with non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions on iliac vein blood flow and related symptoms
Authors: Peng Minyong , Li Chao , Chen Jiangwei , Nie Chengli , Huang Wen 
Published: August 2023

Objectives To study outcomes in patients with non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVLs) treated by stents. Methods We performed a retrospective study that collected 109 patients from January 2016 to August 2020 diagnosed with symptomatic NIVLs. The patients underwent endovenous stenting using the Wallstents. Clinical severity was assessed using the venous clinical severity score and the Villalta scores. The patency was assessed using duplex ultrasound, while the diameters and the blood flow velocities (BFVs) in the proximal, middle, and distal stented segments were recorded simultaneously. Results A total of 128 stents were placed in 115 limbs (median age, 61 years), with a mean follow-up of 32 months. At 36 months, the Villalta scores went from 12.17 to 3.64 ( p < .001). The VCSS went from 9.41 to 3.31 ( p < .001). The mean diameters in the proximal, middle, and distal stented segments were 8.52 ± 2.15 mm, 10.13 ± 1.75 mm, and 10.17 ± 1.69 mm in the first month, while the mean BFVs were 31.17 ± 13.66 cm/s, 31.07 ± 11.90 cm/s, and 36.39 ± 18.41 cm/s, respectively. Repeated-measures analysis in 55 consecutive patients from 1 month to 3 years after procedure revealed a decrease of the stent diameter in the proximal stented segment ( p = .004); a stabilization of the stent diameter in the middle ( p = .43) or distal ( p = .45) stented segment; a steadiness of the BFVs in the proximal ( p = .40), middle ( p = .93), and distal ( p = .25) stented segments; and an improvement in the VCSS ( p = .03) and Villalta scores ( p = .006). Conclusions BFVs in stented segments remained steady and the symptoms in lower extremities improved after surgery, while stent compression was observed in the diameter of the proximal stented segment, with no impact on BFVs or symptoms.
A framework for design and usability testing of telerehabilitation system for adults with chronic diseases: A panoramic scoping review
Authors: Ghaben Suad J , Mat Ludin Arimi Fitri , Mohamad Ali Nazlena , Beng Gan Kok , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit 
Published: August 2023

Objective This scoping review aimed to identify the design and usability testing of a telerehabilitation (TR) system, and its characteristics and functionalities that are best-suited for rehabilitating adults with chronic diseases. Methods Searches were conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane library for studies published between January 2017 and December 2022. We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the framework by Arksey and O’Malley. Screening was undertaken by two reviewers, and data extraction was undertaken by the first author. Then, the data were further reviewed and discussed thoroughly with the team members. Results A total of 31 results were identified, with the core criteria of developing and testing a telerehabilitation system, including a mobile app for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disorders. All developed systems resulted from multidisciplinary teams and employed mixed-methods research. We proposed the “input-process-output” framework that identified phases of both system design and usability testing. Through system design, we reported the use of user-centered design, iterative design, users’ needs and characteristics, theory underpinning development, and the expert panel in 64%, 75%, 86%, 82%, and 71% of the studies, respectively. We recorded the application of moderated usability testing, unmoderated testing (1), and unmoderated testing (2) in 74%, 63%, and 15% of the studies, respectively. The identified design and testing activities produced a matured system, a high-fidelity prototype, and a released system in 81.5%, 15%, and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusion This review provides a framework for TR system design and testing for a wide range of chronic diseases that require prolonged management through remote monitoring using a mobile app. The identified “input-process-output” framework highlights the inputs, design, development, and improvement as components of the system design. It also identifies the “moderated-unmoderated” model for conducting usability testing. This review illustrates characteristics and functionalities of the TR systems and healthcare professional roles.
Impact of postnatal dexamethasone timing on preterm mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Kwok T’ng Chang , Szatkowski Lisa , Sharkey Don 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPostnatal dexamethasone (PND) is used in high-risk preterm infants after the first week of life to facilitate extubation and prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) but the optimal treatment timing remains unclear. Our objective was to explore the association between the timing of PND commencement and mortality and respiratory outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective National Neonatal Research Database study of 84 440 premature infants born <32 weeks gestational age from 2010 to 2020 in England and Wales. Propensity score weighting analysis was used to explore the impact of PND commenced at three time-points (2–3 weeks (PND2/3), 4–5 weeks (PND4/5) and after 5 weeks (PND6+) chronological age) on the primary composite outcome of death before neonatal discharge and/or severe BPD (defined as respiratory pressure support at 36 weeks) alongside other secondary respiratory outcomes.Results3469 infants received PND. Compared with PND2/3, infants receiving PND6+were more likely to die and/or develop severe BPD (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.28–2.21), extubate at later postmenstrual age (mean difference 3.1 weeks, 95% CI 2.9–3.4 weeks), potentially require respiratory support at discharge (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.70) but had lower mortality before discharge (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.29–0.51). PND4/5was not associated with severe BPD or discharge respiratory support.ConclusionsPND treatment after 5 weeks of age was associated with worse respiratory outcomes although residual bias cannot be excluded. A definitive clinical trial to determine the optimal PND treatment window, based on early objective measures to identify high-risk infants, is needed.
Laboratory and free-living gait performance in adults with COPD and healthy controls
Authors: Buekers Joren , Megaritis Dimitrios , Koch Sarah , Alcock Lisa , Ammour Nadir , Becker Clemens , Bertuletti Stefano , Bonci Tecla , Brown Philip , Buckley Ellen , Buttery Sara C. , Caulfied Brian , Cereatti Andrea , Chynkiamis Nikolaos , Demeyer Heleen , Echevarria Carlos , Frei Anja , Hansen Clint , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Hopkinson Nicholas S. , Hume Emily , Kuederle Arne , Maetzler Walter , Mazzà Claudia , Micó-Amigo Encarna M. , Mueller Arne , Palmerini Luca , Salis Francesca , Scott Kirsty , Troosters Thierry , Vereijken Beatrix , Watz Henrik , Rochester Lynn , Del Din Silvia , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Garcia-Aymerich Judith 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundGait characteristics are important risk factors for falls, hospitalisations and mortality in older adults, but the impact of COPD on gait performance remains unclear. We aimed to identify differences in gait characteristics between adults with COPD and healthy age-matched controls during 1) laboratory tests that included complex movements and obstacles, 2) simulated daily-life activities (supervised) and 3) free-living daily-life activities (unsupervised).MethodsThis case–control study used a multi-sensor wearable system (INDIP) to obtain seven gait characteristics for each walking bout performed by adults with mild-to-severe COPD (n=17; forced expiratory volume in 1 s 57±19% predicted) and controls (n=20) during laboratory tests, and during simulated and free-living daily-life activities. Gait characteristics were compared between adults with COPD and healthy controls for all walking bouts combined, and for shorter (≤30 s) and longer (>30 s) walking bouts separately.ResultsSlower walking speed (−11 cm·s−1, 95% CI: −20 to −3) and lower cadence (−6.6 steps·min−1, 95% CI: −12.3 to −0.9) were recorded in adults with COPD compared to healthy controls during longer (>30 s) free-living walking bouts, but not during shorter (≤30 s) walking bouts in either laboratory or free-living settings. Double support duration and gait variability measures were generally comparable between the two groups.ConclusionGait impairment of adults with mild-to-severe COPD mainly manifests during relatively long walking bouts (>30 s) in free-living conditions. Future research should determine the underlying mechanism(s) of this impairment to facilitate the development of interventions that can improve free-living gait performance in adults with COPD.
Oesophageal stasis is a risk factor for chronic lung allograft dysfunction and allograft failure in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Ramendra Rayoun , Fernández-Castillo Juan C. , Huszti Ella , Ghany Rasheed , Aversa Meghan , Havlin Jan , Riddell Peter , Chaparro Cecilia M. , Singer Lianne G. , Liu Louis , Keshavjee Shaf , Yeung Jonathan C. , Martinu Tereza 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundMorbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients are often triggered by recurrent aspiration events, potentiated by oesophageal and gastric disorders. Previous small studies have shown conflicting associations between oesophageal function and the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Herein, we sought to investigate the relationship between oesophageal motility disorders and long-term outcomes in a large retrospective cohort of lung transplant recipients.MethodsAll lung transplant recipients at the Toronto Lung Transplant Program from 2012 to 2018 with available oesophageal manometry testing within the first 7 months post-transplant were included in this study. Patients were categorised according to the Chicago Classification of oesophageal disorders (v3.0). Associations between oesophageal motility disorders with the development of CLAD and allograft failure (defined as death or re-transplantation) were assessed.ResultsOf 487 patients, 57 (12%) had oesophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (OGJOO) and 47 (10%) had a disorder of peristalsis (eight major, 39 minor). In a multivariable analysis, OGJOO was associated with an increased risk of CLAD (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.15–2.55, p=0.008) and allograft failure (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13–2.53, p=0.01). Major disorders of peristalsis were associated with an increased risk of CLAD (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01–2.37, p=0.04) and allograft failure (HR 3.33, 95% CI 1.53–7.25, p=0.002). Minor disorders of peristalsis were not significantly associated with CLAD or allograft failure.ConclusionLung transplant recipients with oesophageal stasis characterised by OGJOO or major disorders of peristalsis were at an increased risk of adverse long-term outcomes. These findings will help with risk stratification of lung transplant recipients and personalisation of treatment for aspiration prevention.
Computed tomography reveals hypertrophic remodelling of the diaphragm in cystic fibrosis but not in COPD
Authors: Ostadan Fatemeh , Donovan Adamo A. , Matouk Elias , David Francois Gabriel , Marchand Dylan , Reinhold Caroline , Nguyen Dao , Goldberg Peter , Benedetti Andrea , Smith Benjamin M. , Petrof Basil J. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) is increasingly used for assessing skeletal muscle characteristics. In cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reduced limb muscle mass predicts poor clinical outcomes. However, the degree to which quantity or quality of respiratory and nonrespiratory muscles is affected by these diseases remains controversial.MethodsThoracic CT images of 29 CF, 21 COPD and 20 normal spirometry control subjects were analysed to measure indices of muscle quantity (volume or cross-sectional area) and quality (radiodensity) in respiratory (diaphragm, abdominal) and nonrespiratory (pectoralis, lumbar paraspinal) muscles. Multivariable linear regression assessed relationships of CT measurements with body mass index (BMI), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % pred, inflammation and infection biomarkers, nutritional status and CF genotype.ResultsDiaphragm volume in CF was significantly higher than in COPD (by 154%) or controls (by 140%). Abdominal muscle area in CF was also greater than in COPD (by 130%). Nonrespiratory muscles in COPD had more low radiodensity muscle (marker of lipid content) compared to CF and controls. In CF but not COPD, higher BMI and FEV1% pred were independently associated with higher diaphragm and/or abdominal muscle quantity indices. Serum creatinine also predicted respiratory and nonrespiratory muscle quantity in CF, whereas other biomarkers including genotype correlated poorly with muscle CT parameters.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the CF diaphragm undergoes hypertrophic remodelling, whereas in COPD the nonrespiratory muscles show altered muscle quality consistent with greater lipid content. Thoracic CT can thus identify distinctive respiratory and nonrespiratory muscle remodelling signatures associated with different chronic lung diseases.
α1-Antitrypsin deficiency associated with increased risk of heart failure
Authors: Winther Sine V. , Landt Eskild M. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Seersholm Niels , Dahl Morten 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundIndividuals with α1-antitrypsin deficiency have increased elastase activity resulting in continuous degradation of elastin and early onset of COPD. Increased elastase activity may also affect elastic properties of the heart, which may impact risk of heart failure. We tested the hypothesis that α1-antitrypsin deficiency is associated with increased risk of heart failure in two large populations.MethodsIn a nationwide nested study of 2209 patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and 21 869 controls without α1-antitrypsin deficiency matched on age, sex and municipality, we recorded admissions and deaths due to heart failure during a median follow-up of 62 years. We also studied a population-based cohort of another 102 481 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study including 187 patients from the Danish α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Registry, all with genetically confirmed α1-antitrypsin deficiency.ResultsIndividuals withversuswithout α1-antitrypsin deficiency had increased risk of heart failure hospitalisation in the nationwide cohort (adjusted hazard ratio 2.64, 95% CI 2.25–3.10) and in the population-based cohort (1.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.74). Nationwide, these hazard ratios were highest in those without myocardial infarction (3.24, 95% CI 2.70–3.90), without aortic valve stenosis (2.80, 95% CI 2.38–3.29), without hypertension (3.44, 95% CI 2.81–4.22), without atrial fibrillation (3.33, 95% CI 2.75–4.04) and without any of these four diseases (6.00, 95% CI 4.60–7.82). Hazard ratios for heart failure-specific mortality in individuals withversuswithout α1-antitrypsin deficiency were 2.28 (95% CI 1.57–3.32) in the nationwide cohort and 3.35 (95% CI 1.04–10.74) in the population-based cohort.ConclusionIndividuals with α1-antitrypsin deficiency have increased risk of heart failure hospitalisation and heart failure-specific mortality in the Danish population.
Effects of bepotastine, a nonsedating H1-antihistamine, for the treatment of persistent cough and allergic rhinitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyang , Oh Ji-Yoon , Kwon Hyouk-Soo , Kim Tae-Bum , Cho You Sook , Song Woo-Jung 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundEmpirical therapy with oral histamine-1 receptor antagonists (H1RAs) is often used for patients with suspected upper airway cough syndrome. No placebo-controlled trials with nonsedating H1RAs (nsH1RAs) have evaluated validated cough outcomes. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of an nsH1RA, bepotastine, on cough outcomes in patients with allergic rhinitis and persistent cough.MethodsA randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Adult patients with persistent cough (>3 weeks in duration) and symptomatic allergic rhinitis were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either bepotastine or placebo at a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was cough-specific quality of life assessed using the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Secondary outcomes included cough severity visual analogue scale (VAS), throat VAS, Cough Hypersensitivity Questionnaire, Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 score and drug adverse events.ResultsBetween October 2021 and September 2022, 50 participants (43 females; mean age 46.28 years; median cough duration 3 months) were assigned to either the bepotastine 10 mg twice daily or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. After 2 weeks of treatment, both bepotastine and placebo groups showed significant improvements in the LCQ scores, but there was no significant difference in the magnitude of change between the groups (3.45±2.10versus3.04±2.94, p=0.576). Secondary outcomes were also comparable.ConclusionsDespite the relatively small sample size, our study clearly demonstrated that a 2-week treatment with bepotastine did not provide therapeutic benefits for cough outcomes. These findings suggest against the use of nsH1RAs with the intention of improving cough outcomes, even in patients with persistent cough and allergic rhinitis.