bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cataract surgery outcomes between a secondary and a tertiary eye hospital in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Subburaman Ganesh-Babu , Gunasekaran Anitha , Chandrashekharan Shivkumar , G van Merode G , Balakrishnan Logesh , Ravilla Thulasiraj , Gupta Sachin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To examine the difference in post-operative visual outcomes of cataract surgeries between a tertiary and secondary centre at Aravind Eye Hospitals in Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods: Our retrospective cross-sectional study analysed cataract surgeries at a secondary centre and its associated tertiary centre in 2021. Our main outcome measures were postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Two-sample proportion tests, regression analyses, and logistic probability analyses were performed.
Results: The analysis of 32,302 cataract surgeries in 2021 of which 4,357 were performed at the secondary centre and 27,945 were performed at the tertiary centre showed that the tertiary centre operated on more advanced cataract condition (p<0.001) and had higher incidence of patients with ocular comorbidity (p<0.001). Intraoperative (p<0.001) and post-operative complication rates (p<0.001) were higher in the tertiary centre. The odds of effective outcomes (BCVA >=6/12) controlling for all covariates are poorer (p<0.0001) in the tertiary centre for both phacoemulsification (phaco) and manual small incision cataract surgeries (MSICS).
Conclusion: World Health Organization recommendations for the effective outcome of cataract surgery are met by both the tertiary and secondary centres, but the odds of effective outcomes in MSICS in the tertiary centre was lower after adjusting for all known factors. Further investigations of the causes of poor vision in MSICS in the tertiary centre are needed to improve the situation.
Comparing GDF9 in mature follicles and clinical outcome in different PCOS Phenotypes
Authors: Cai Jingjing , Luo Xiangmin , Wang Zhengyao , Chen Zixuan , Huang Donghong , Cao Hui , Chen Jing , Wu Jinxiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Backgroud:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is aprime candidate as potential biomarker for the assessment of oocyte competence. Herein, we aimed to screen GDF9 of mature follicles in women with different PCOS phenotypes undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COS) and analyse the correlation between GDF9 expression levels and the oocyte developmental ability.

Methods

In this study, follicular fluid (FF) and cumulus cells(CCs) of mature follicles were collected from different PCOS phenotypes, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the level of GDF9 in FF; Immunohistochemical method was performed to detect GDF9 protein expression in CCs. The indenpendent effect of GDF9 on blastocyst formation and clinical pregnancy was determined by Binary Logistic Regression analysis. Results: The GDF9 levels in FF for phenotype A and B were significantly increased, compared to the phenotype D, (P = 0.019, P = 0.0015, respectively). Increased GDF9 expression in CCs of phenotype A and B was accompanied by the changes of FF. The analysis of the multivariable logistic regression showed that GDF9 was a significant independent prognosticator of blastocyst formation(P＜0.001). The phenotype A had a higher percent of blastocyst formation than the phenotype B and D (P＜0.001).

Conclusions

Taken together, GDF9 expression varied in different PCOS phenotypes. The phenotype A had a higher GDF9 level and even more ability of blastocyst formation.
Prevalence and characteristics of oblique astigmatism
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Uno Koichi , Manabe Shin-ichi , Hirata Akira 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence and characteristics of eyes with oblique astigmatism stratified by meridian, age, sex, and eye side (left to right).
METHODS: One thousand eyes of 1000 patients with oblique corneal astigmatism underwent videokeratographic examination, and was classified into 4 meridian categories: 1) 31°-45°, 2) 46°-59°, 3) 121°-135°, and 4) 136°-149°. Amounts of regular and irregular astigmatism, and the vertical/horizontal (Rx) and oblique astigmatism components (Ry) decomposed using vector analysis were compared among the 4 categories and age groups, and between sexes and eye sides.
RESULTS: Incidences of the 4 meridian categories were similar, and did not differ significantly among age groups or between sexes. The incidence was significantly greater in eyes in meridian categories 1 and 2 in the left eye and categories 3 and 4 in the right eye, and significantly greater in men in their 40s and 50s and in women in their 70s and 80s (P < 0.001). The mean regular astigmatism, asymmetry and higher-order irregularity components, and Rx and absolute Ry significantly increased with age (P ≤ 0.037). The mean regular and irregular astigmatism, and absolute Rx and Ry did not differ significantly among the 4 categories, or between sexes or left and right eyes.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of oblique astigmatism was significantly greater in the temporal side meridians, and the incidence in women increased with age. The degree of oblique astigmatism increased with age, with an increase in irregular astigmatism.
Micronutrient availability in ferruginous, silica-rich Precambrian oceans
Authors: Tostevin Rosalie , Ahmed Imad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Early microbial life preferentially selected Fe, Mn, and Mo to form metalloproteins, whereas the majority of Zn-, Cu- and V- binding proteins emerged much later. These preferences are commonly interpreted in the context of evolving seawater chemistry, with free sulfide proposed as a key influence. While sulfidic waters scavenge Zn and Cu, they also remove Mo, and don’t scavenge V. What’s more, current geochemical data reflect an early ocean featuring anoxic, Fe2+ and SiO2(aq) rich waters. Consistent with this, recent sedimentological work has uncovered abundant iron-silicate minerals in Archean and Palaeoproterozoic rocks (4.0–1.6 billion years ago). In this article we quantify metal partitioning during the nucleation and diagenesis of greenalite, an Fe(II)-silicate mineral, from seawater as well as hot hydrothermal fluids. Our data show that greenalite could have precipitated rapidly from Archean hydrothermal plumes, severely attenuating the delivery of key nutrients, in particular Cu, Zn and V. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for metal availability in Archaean oceans that is consistent with temporal patterns of metal utilisation predicted from protein structures and comparative genomics. Further, our data suggest natural greenalite may provide a novel window into ancient ocean chemistry that can be used to track metal availability in deep time.
Microcapsules loaded with date seed extract and its inhibitory potential to modulate the toxic effects of mycotoxins in mice received mold-contaminated diet
Authors: Sanei Sogand , Kasgari Mohammadamin Bozorgi , Abedinzadeh Fatemeh , Sasan Atena Poor , Hassani Saeid , Karimi Ehsan , Oskoueian Ehsan , Jahromi Mohammad Faseleh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mycotoxins are the secondary fungal metabolites generally produced by wide range of fungi including aflatoxins (AF), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FB), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON). Nowadays, they are main concern to food and agricultural commodities due to undesirable health and socio-economic effect. This investigation was designed to synthesized microcapsules loaded the bioactive compounds of date seed and evaluated its inhibitory activities in mice received mold-contaminated diet. The finding revealed that the developed microcapsule is homogenous and mostly spherical with size of 2.58 µm with acceptable PDI of 0.21. The main phytochemical has been confirmed by HPLC analysis were xylose, fructose, mannose, glucose and galactose with the respective values of 41.95, 2.24, 5.27 and 0.169 percent. The invivo analyses manifested that the mice received date seed microcapsules significantly (p < 0.05) improved the average daily weight gain, feed intake, liver enzymes (ALT, ALP and AST) and lipid peroxidation values compare to mice group received mycotoxin-contaminated diet. Furthermore, encapsulation date seed bioactive compounds notably up-regulated the expression of GPx, SOD, IFN-γ and IL-2 genes while down-regulated the iNOS gene. Consequently, the novel microcapsules loaded date seed is suggested to considered as a promising mycotoxin inhibitor.
Assessment of Binding Interaction to Salmon Sperm DNA of Two Antiviral Agents and Ecofriendly Nanoparticles: Comprehensive Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Hakiem Ahmed Faried Abdel , Kamal Ahmed Mohsen , Draz Mohammed E. , Mohamed Niveen A. , Aboraia Ahmed Safwat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The direct binding of antiviral agents; Daclatasvir and valacyclovir and green synthesized nanoparticles to salmon sperm DNA have been assessed in a comparative study. The nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal autoclave method and have been fully characterized. The interactive behavior and competitive binding of the analytes to DNA in addition to the thermodynamic properties were deeply investigated by the UV-visible spectroscopy. The binding constants were monitored in the physiological pH conditions to be 1.65 × 106, 4.92 × 105 and 3.12 × 105 for daclatasvir ,valacyclovir and quantum dots, respectively. The significant changes in the spectral features of all analytes have proven intercalative binding. The competitive study has confirmed that, daclatasvir, valacyclovir, and the quantum dots have exhibited groove binding. All analytes have shown good entropy and enthalpy values indicating stable interactions. The electrostatic and non-electrostatic kinetic parameters have been determined through studying the binding interactions at different concentrations of KCl solutions. A molecular modelling study has been applied to demonstrate the binding interactions and their mechanisms. The obtained results were complementary and afforded new eras for the therapeutic applications.
Predicting extreme floods and droughts in East Africa with deep learning
Authors: Patil Kalpesh , Doi Takeshi , Behera Swadhin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The lives of millions of people in the East African region are highly affected by severe floods and persistent droughts. Early warnings at least a couple of seasons ahead would help the mitigation measures. However, most prediction systems using dynamical models are seen to perform poorly at long lead times. In this study, we propose a statistical deep-learning based approach using convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict extreme floods and droughts during the short rains season (October-December). The proposed CNN accurately captures the extreme floods and droughts two to three seasons ahead. Diagnosing the model’s skills using heatmaps, the extreme floods and droughts are found to linked with Indian Ocean Dipole at shorter leads and with western and southern Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies, at longer leads. Though a few exceptions poorly predicted, the superior skills of the CNN-based predictions on longer leads are advantageous in organizing mitigation measures.
The simultaneous degradation of prochloraz and tebuconazole in water with identification and degradation of their main degradation products using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Authors: Awwad Mahmoud M , taha sherif M , Khalil Mostafa M.H. , Salem Abdelnaby Mohamed , chovelon jean-marc 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Prochloraz and tebuconazole are well-known fungicides for broad-spectrum applications, including; medical, industrial, and agricultural. They are frequently used simultaneously for the protection of various agricultural products. The presence of these fungicides in water doesn't only affect the health of direct consumers but also limits their reuse. In this study, complete degradation of these fungicides and their degradation products were accomplished using thermal-activated persulfate. It takes only 30 min to degrade 97% and 98% of PCZ and TBZ, respectively, in their single presence in water using 1.4 mM persulfate and a temperature of 50 ºC. However, it takes one hour to degrade a mixture of PCZ and TBZ at percentages of 99% and 94%, respectively, at the same degradation conditions. The persulfate degradation of prochloraz was conducted by the cleavage of the imidazole ring and the subsequent formation of a trichlorophenol. While, persulfate degradation of tebuconazole was mainly accomplished by the formation of a hydroxyl structure, cleavage of the tert-butyl chain, and the subsequent formation of a di-ketone degradation product. The identification of PCZ and TBZ degradation products was determined using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS/MS) at both positive and negative modes. The suggested structures of these degradation products and their dissipation were confirmed and monitored, using developed LC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring methods.
Heterogeneity in the M. tuberculosis β-Lactamase Inhibition by Sulbactam
Authors: Schmidt Marius , Malla Tek Narsingh , Zielinski Kara , Aldama Luis , Bajt Sasa , Feliz Denisse , Hayes Brandon , Hunter Mark , Kupitz Christopher , Lisova Stella , Knoska Juraj , Martin-Garcia Jose , Mariani Valerio , Pandey Suraj , Poudyal Ishwor , Sierra Raymond , Tolstikova Alexandra , Yefanov Oleksandr , Yoon Ching Hong , Ourmazd Abbas , Fromme Petra , Schwander Peter , Barty Anton , Chapman Henry , Stojković Emina , Batyuk Alexander , Boutet Sébastien , Phillips George , Pollack Lois 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For decades, researchers have been determined to elucidate essential enzymatic functions on the atomic lengths scale by tracing atomic positions in real time. Our work builds on new possibilities unleashed by mix-and-inject serial crystallography (MISC) 1–5 at X-ray free electron laser facilities. In this approach, enzymatic reactions are triggered by mixing substrate or ligand solutions with enzyme microcrystals 6. Here, we report in atomic detail and with millisecond time-resolution how the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme BlaC is inhibited by sulbactam (SUB). Our results reveal ligand binding heterogeneity, ligand gating 7–9, cooperativity, induced fit 10,11 and conformational selection 11–13 all from the same set of MISC data, detailing how SUB approaches the catalytic clefts and binds to the enzyme non-covalently before reacting to a trans-enamine. This was made possible in part by the application of the singular value decomposition 14 to the MISC data using a newly developed program that remains functional even if unit cell parameters change during the reaction.
The assessment and forecasting of carbon emission for Gansu-Qinghai-Shaanxi of China
Authors: Zhu Suling , Zhang Di , Zhang Le , Luo Lijiao , Li Min 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The assessment of regional low carbon development level can fully reflect the current situation of low carbon development, and the carbon emission forecasting can reveal the future trend of carbon emission and pressure of emission reduction. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the assessment of low carbon development level and carbon emission forecasting in Gansu, Qinghai and Shaanxi provinces for regional green economy development. Therefore, this research constructs an index system to objectively reflect the low carbon development level of Gansu, Qinghai and Shaanxi provinces, and proposes IE-TOPSIS comprehensive assessment method to assess the regional low carbon development level from 2010 to 2020. It is showed that low carbon development level of the three provinces over the past decade has an increasing trend. Furthermore, this research establishes a GRA-DPC-MAPE combined forecasting model for carbon emission forecasting of Gansu, Qinghai and Shaanxi. GRA-DPC-MAPE model has higher forecast accuracy than individual model SVR, PSO-SVR, ELM and Elman. It is showed that carbon emission of Gansu and Shaanxi provinces will continue to increase from 2021 to 2025 under the current development.
Evaluation of a neem (Azadirachta indica) herbal formulation for management of sarcoptic mange in dromedary camels
Authors: Atal Tej Prakash , Narnaware Shirish Dadarao , Choudhary Sunita , Sawal Rajesh Kumar , Ranjan Rakesh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In dromedary camels sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious zoonotic mite infection. In the present study, a neem herbal formulation was prepared using fresh neem leaves, mustard oil, turmeric powder, camphor oil and distilled water for treatment of sarcoptic mange in adult dromedary camels. Total seven applications of this formulation was applied in six mange affected camels at every alternate day. The efficacy of this formulation was compared with six camels receiving two doses of ivermectin injection (dose rate 0.2mg/Kg body weight) at 7 days interval. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the formulation, improvement in skin lesions of mange were recorded, and skin scraping and skin biopsy examination was performed before and after treatment. Macroscopically all the mange affected camels showed grey colored dry skin lesions over different body parts with intense pruritus, alopecia, thickening and corrugation. At the end of treatment trial, the neem formulation treated camels showed complete recovery without any remnants of scar or keratinization at affected sites, further the skin became smooth, shiny and glossy with appearance of new hair growth. In ivermectin treated camels although recovery from mange lesions was observed after 14th day, however the grey areas of the skin with some remnants of scar or keratinization and patches of alopecia were not completely cured in 50% of the treated camels. The result indicated that neem based herbal formulation have better efficacy than ivermectin against treatment of sarcoptic mange in dromedary camels and can provide a cheap, safe and eco-friendly alternative.
RTS,S/AS02A malaria vaccine-induced IgG responses equally recognize native-like fucosylated and non-fucosylated Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins
Authors: Dobaño Carlota , Jairoce Chenjerai , Macià Dídac , Torres-Yaguana Jorge , Mayer Leonie , Vidal Marta , Santano Rebeca , Hurtado-Guerrero Ramón , Reiter Karine , Narum David , Lopez-Gutierrez Borja , Hamerly Timothy , Sacarlal Jahit , Aguilar Ruth , Dinglasan Rhoel , Moncunill Gemma , Izquierdo Luis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe RTS,S/AS02A malaria vaccine is based on thePlasmodium falciparumcircumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), which is O-fucosylated on the sporozoite surface. We determined whether RTS,S/AS02A-induced IgGs recognise vaccine-like non-fucosylated PfCSP better than native-like fucosylated PfCSP. Similar to previous vaccine trials, RTS,S/AS02A vaccination induced high anti-CSP IgG levels associated with malaria protection. IgG recognition of non-fucosylated and fucosylated PfCSP was equivalent, suggesting that PfCSP fucosylation does not affect antibody recognition.
Multiple pathways to widespread fears: Disentangling idiosyncratic fear generalization mechanisms using computational modeling
Authors: Yu Kenny , Tuerlinckx Francis , Vanpaemel Wolf , Zaman Jonas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Human generalization research aims to understand the processes underlying the transfer of prior experiences to new contexts. Generalization research predominantly relies on descriptive statistics, assumes a single generalization mechanism, interprets generalization from mono-source data, and disregards individual differences. Unfortunately, such an approach fails to disentangle various mechanisms underlying generalization behavior and can readily result in biased conclusions regarding generalization tendencies. Therefore, we combined a computational model with multi-source data to mechanistically investigate human generalization. By simultaneously modeling learning, perceptual and generalization data at the individual level, we revealed meaningful variations in how different mechanisms contribute to generalization behavior. The current research suggests the need for revising the theoretical and analytic foundations in the field to shift the attention away from forecasting group-level generalization behavior and toward understanding how such phenomena emerge at the individual level. This opens the possibility of having a mechanism-specific differential diagnosis in generalization-related psychiatric disorders.
Why do we need Norm Sensitive Design? A WEIRD critique of value sensitive approaches to design
Authors: Martin Diana Adela , Clancy Rockwell F. , Zhu Qin , Bombaerts Gunter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The article argues that mainstream value-sensitive approaches to design have been based on narrow understandings of personhood and social dynamics, which are biased towards Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic cultures and contradicted by empirical evidence. To respond to this weakness, the article suggests that design may benefit from focusing on user behaviours from the joint perspective of values and norms, especially across cultural contexts. As such, it proposes Norm Sensitive Design as a complement to value-sensitive approaches when designing and implementing new technologies. Versus values, norms serve as more accurate predictors or descriptors of behaviours and can thus support value-sensitive approaches to realize the aspiration of informing user behaviour via design. The article makes two key contributions. On the theoretical side, it promotes the consideration of norms in design. On the practical side, it offers designers and instructors prompts for reflecting on design ethics from the perspective of norms.
Midgut transcriptomic responses to dengue and chikungunya viruses in the vectors Aedes albopictus and Aedes malayensis
Authors: Modahl Cassandra M. , Chowdhury Avisha , Low Dolyce H. W. , Manuel Menchie C. , Missé Dorothée , Kini R. Manjunatha , Mendenhall Ian H. , Pompon Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are among the most preponderant arboviruses. Although primarily transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus and Aedes malayensis are competent vectors and have an impact on arbovirus epidemiology. Here, to fill the gap in our understanding of the molecular interactions between secondary vectors and arboviruses, we used transcriptomics to profile the whole-genome responses of A. albopictus to CHIKV and of A. malayensis to CHIKV and DENV at 1 and 4 days post-infection (dpi) in midguts. In A. albopictus, 1,793 and 339 genes were significantly regulated by CHIKV at 1 and 4 dpi, respectively. In A. malayensis, 943 and 222 genes upon CHIKV infection, and 74 and 69 genes upon DENV infection were significantly regulated at 1 and 4 dpi, respectively. We reported 81 genes that were consistently differentially regulated in all the CHIKV-infected conditions, identifying a CHIKV-induced signature. We identified expressed immune genes in both mosquito species, using a de novo assembled midgut transcriptome for A. malayensis, and described their immune architectures. We found the JNK pathway activated in all conditions, generalizing its antiviral function to Aedines. Our comprehensive study provides insight into arbovirus transmission by multiple Aedes vectors.