bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of in vitro tracheary element systems from annual to perennial plant species
Authors: Keret Rafael , Hills Paul , Drew David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTracheary elements (TEs), including vessels and tracheids, occur as a product of xylogenesis and are highly adapted for the transportation of water and solutes. Xylogenesis or wood formation encompasses various stages of cellular development, which requires stringent temporal and spatial regulation. To further complicate matters, TEs are polymorphous and associated with other complex tissues. These complexities have necessitated the development of in vitro culture systems that are capable of synchronously inducing TEs on demand. In this review, we cover the challenges associated with inducing TEs in vitro and how this has been overcome using mesophyll and callus culture systems in herbaceous plants, yielding transdifferentiation efficiencies of up to 76% and 90%, respectively. We postulate that when equipped with such information, a great opportunity exists to optimise these culture systems in commercially valuable woody genera that currently display lower efficiencies in the range of 15.8–65%. Although both the mesophyll and callus induction cultures have proven essential for uncovering the fundamental processes associated with secondary growth, the mesophyll-based systems have recently become much less prominent (2.8x) in the literature compared to the callus-based systems. This is largely due to ease of application of the callus system to other plant species, paving the way for applications ranging from fundamental research in economically valuable woody genera to the 3D-printing of biomaterial products in vitro.
Prediction of Irrigation Water Requirements for Green Beans-Based Machine Learning Algorithm Models in Arid Region
Authors: Mokhtar Ali , Al-Ansari Nadhir , El-Ssawy Wessam , Graf Renata , Aghelpour Pouya , He Hongming , Hafez Salma M. , Abuarab Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Water scarcity is the most obstacle faced by irrigation water requirements, likewise, limited available meteorological data to calculate reference evapotranspiration. Consequently, the focal aims of the investigation are to assess the potential of machine learning models in forecasting irrigation water requirements (IWR) of snap beans by evolving multi-scenarios of inputs parameters to figure out the impact of meteorological, crop, and soil parameters on IWR. Six models were applied, support vector regressor (SVR), random forest (RF), deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional neural networks (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and Hybrid CNN-LSTM. Ten variables including maximum and minimum temperature, Relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, root depth, basal crop coefficient, soil evaporation, a fraction of surface wetted and, exposed and soil wetted fraction were used as the input data for models with their combination, 8 input scenarios were designed. Overall models, the best scenario was scenario 4 (relative humidity, wind speed, basal crop coefficient, soil evaporation), however, the best scenario for DNN and RF model was scenario 7 (root depth, basal crop coefficient, soil evaporation, fraction of surface wetted, exposed and soil wetted fraction). While the weakest one was the group of climatic factors in scenario 6 (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation). Among the models, the hybrid LTSM & CNN was the most accurate and the SVR model had the lowest estimation accuracy. The outcomes of this research work could set up a modeling strategy that would set in motion the improvement of efforts to identify the shortages in IWR forecasting, which sequentially may support alleviation strategies such as policies for sustainable water use and water resources management. The current approach was promising and has research value for other similar regions.
Criticality of Isolation Valves in Water Distribution Networks with Hydraulics and Topology
Authors: Wéber Richárd , Huzsvár Tamás , Déllei Ákos , Hős Csaba 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOccasional, random pipe bursts are inevitable in water distribution networks; thus, properly operating isolation valves is critical. During a shutdown, the damaged segment is segregated using the neighbouring valves, causing the smallest isolation possible. This study analyses the importance of isolation valves individually from the perspective of the demand shortfall increment. An in-house, open-source software called STACI performs demand-driven simulations to solve the hydraulic equations with pressure-dependent demand determining the nodal pressures, the volumetric flow rates, and the consumption loss. The system has an additional consumption loss if an isolation valve cannot be closed. The criticality of an isolation valve is the increment in the relative demand shortfall caused by its malfunction. Moreover, centrality indices from complex network theory are applied to estimate the criticality without the need for computationally expensive hydraulic simulations. The distribution of criticality values follows a power-law trend, i.e. some of the isolation valves have significantly higher importance during a shutdown. Moreover, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between the centrality and criticality values indicate limited applicability. The criticality analysis can highlight which isolation valves have higher importance during reconstruction planning or maintenance. The Katz and the Degree centrality show a moderate positive correlation to the criticality, i.e., if numerous hydraulic simulations are not feasible, these quantities give an acceptable estimate.
Discussing diet, nutrition, and body weight after treatment for gynecological cancer: a conversation analytic study of outpatient consultations
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth A. , Ekberg Stuart , Jennings Bronwyn , Jagasia Nisha , van der Pols Jolieke C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To generate direct observational evidence for understanding how diet, nutrition, and weight-related topics are discussed during follow-up after treatment for gynecological cancer, as recommended by survivorship care guidelines.

Methods
Conversation analysis of 30 audio-recorded outpatient consultations, involving 4 gyne-oncologists, 30 women who had completed treatment for ovarian or endometrial cancer, and 11 family members/friends.

Results
From 21 instances in 18 consultations, diet, nutrition, or weight-related talk continued beyond initiation if the issue raised was ostensibly relevant to the clinical activity being undertaken at the time. These instances led to care-related outcomes (i.e., general dietary recommendations, referral to support, behavior change counseling) only when the patient identified needing further support. Diet, nutrition, or weight-related talk was not continued by the clinician if it was not apparently related to the current clinical activity.

Conclusions
The continuation of diet, nutrition, or weight-related talk during outpatient consultations after treatment for gynecological cancer, and the subsequent delivery of care-related outcomes, depends on its immediate clinical relevance and the patient indicating needing further support. The contingent nature of these discussions means there can be missed opportunities for the provision of dietary information and support post-treatment.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
If seeking information or support for diet, nutrition, or weight-related issues post-treatment, cancer survivors may need to be explicit regarding their need for this during outpatient follow-up. Additional avenues for dietary needs assessment and referral should be considered to optimize the consistent delivery of diet, nutrition, and weight-related information and support after treatment for gynecological cancer.
Quality measurement methods for video assisting refereeing systems
Authors: Brunnström Kjell , Djupsjöbacka Anders , Ozolins Oskars , Billingham Johsan , Wistel Katharina , Evans Nicolas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChanges in the footballing world’s approach to technology and innovation, along with major advancements in broadcasting contributed to the decision by the International Football Association Board to introduce Video Assistant Referees in 2018. The change meant that under strict protocols referees could use video replays to review decisions in the event of a “clear and obvious error” or a “serious missed incident”. At the time of writing 48-Member Associations have introduced the Video Assistant Referees protocol in at least one of their tournaments and there are many technology providers who work with organisers to implement the Video Assistant Referees systems. To ensure that the use of Video Assistant Referees has a positive effect on the game, Fédération Internationale de Football Association collaborated with the RISE Research Institutes of Sweden to develop objective test methods that could be used to ensure that a system can provide an adequate solution. Each provider must be able to pass requirements that ensure that they can deal with the challenges of processing, coding, decoding, synchronising, and re-formatting of the broadcast feeds. This article will describe the development of the test methods and illustrate some initial results from a test event on Video Assistant Referees system candidates. The methods have shown to be robust and appropriate for their intended purpose and will be developed over the years to ensure the quality of Video Assistant Referees. The developed measurement methods are general and can be applied to other broadcast and video systems as well as to other sports.
Moisture expansion of tuff stones and sandstones
Authors: Siegesmund Siegfried , Gross Christian J. , Dohrmann Reiner , Marler Bernd , Ufer Kristian , Koch Tobias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVolcanic tuffs and sandstones have been used as natural building stones in the construction of monuments and buildings over the millennia of human history. Progressive weathering over time (e.g., temperature fluctuations, moisture uptake, variations in humidity, precipitation, the input of modern-day pollutants or salt crystallization) lead to damages in the internal structure of the stone. Scaling and layer-parallel flaking of rock fragments result from these types of damage-causing processes, especially when swellable clay minerals are present that lead to the generation of stresses in the rock fabric. Tuff and sandstone samples that exemplify these types of damages are investigated in this study, which were used in the construction of cultural heritage sites in Armenia, Mexico, Germany and Switzerland. Comparisons are made between these rock types considering that they show strong variations in fabric heterogeneity, grain sizes, mineralogical composition (e.g., swellable clay- and zeolite-bearing minerals), and visible macroscopic features such as depositional layering. Comprehensive investigations have been carried out that include detailed petrographic analyses, XRD analyses for the determination of the swellable and non-swellable clay fraction and minerals of the zeolite group, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), detailed SEM surveys for determining the type and localization of clays and zeolites in the rock fabric, as well as defining the petrophysical properties (e.g., porosity, capillary water uptake, water absorption, hydric expansion and mechanical properties). Moreover, this study explores the possible interaction between swellable clay minerals and zeolites (mordenite, heulandite/clinoptilolite) by conducting swelling experiments with salts and solvents and fluid-exchange experiments with and without the presence of zeolites. To explain the damages caused by the expansion in the tuffs and sandstones, two principle modes of moisture expansion are discussed when swellable clay minerals are present in the rock. These are dominantly inner or intracrystalline swelling, and secondarily, intercrystalline or osmotic swelling. When no swellable clay minerals are present, the study explains the damages in tuffs and sandstones as the result of disjoining pressure, where a high percentage of microporosity plays a pivotal role.
Hydrogeochemical characterization of the alluvial aquifer of Catania Plain, Sicily (South Italy)
Authors: Morici S. , Gagliano Candela E. , Favara R. , La Pica L. , Scaletta C. , Pecoraino G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA hydrogeochemical study was carried out on the shallow Catania Plain alluvial aquifer, in eastern Sicily to reconstruct its hydrogeological structure, the meteoric recharge and to assess the influence of human activities on groundwater. To characterize the geochemistry of the shallow aquifer, two sampling campaigns were carried out, August–October 2004 and April–May 2005 in 47 sites distributed throughout the plain. The samples were collected and analyzed for physical–chemical parameters and major ions, as well as stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H). Alluvial deposits with heterogeneous grain sizes constitute the aquifer. Varying conditions of vertical and horizontal permeability lead to the presence of a multilayered aquifer with different conditions of confinement and partial interconnection among layers. The sampled waters were separated into four groups of different compositions due to the water–rock interaction with the different lithologies present in and around the study area. Maps of electrical conductivity and sulfate show a systematic control of land use, in correspondence with the biggest farms. High sulfate concentration is due to both the natural interaction between local meteoric waters and Etna’s plume and the mixing with groundwater coming from the area where evaporitic rocks of the Gessoso Solfifera formation are present. In addition, anthropogenic contamination cannot be ruled out. A rain gauge network, consisting of 3 sites located at different altitudes, was installed to collect rain waters to determine isotopic data (δ2H and δ18O) and to measure the monthly rainfall amount. Based on the isotopic composition of sampled waters, it has been established that beyond the direct meteoric recharge, the recharging areas are in the North (Mt. Etna) and the South (Hyblean Plateau).
Exploring HTL pathways in carbohydrate–protein mixture: a study on glucose–glycine interaction
Authors: Tito Edoardo , Pipitone Giuseppe , Monteverde Videla Alessandro H. A. , Bensaid Samir , Pirone Raffaele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass is a strategic process to convert wet and waste feedstocks into liquid biofuel. In this work, we investigated the hydrothermal liquefaction of glucose and glycine, alone and together, to mimic the composition of low-lipid content biomass. Experimental tests were performed in a batch setup in the temperature range of 200–350 °C. As the feeding composition and temperature changed, the distribution among the different phases (gas, solid, biocrude, and aqueous phase) and their compositions were evaluated through different analytical techniques (GC–MS, µ-GC, HPLC). Glucose–glycine showed strongly different interactions with reaction temperature: increased biocrude production at high temperature and increased solid production at low temperature, following a proportionally inverse trend. Biocrude, as well as all the other phases, was observed to be completely different according to the feedstock used. To study how their formation and mutual interactions were affected by the composition of the starting feedstock, consecutive reactions of the generated phases were innovatively carried out. The solid phase generated from glucose–glycine interaction at low temperatures was experimentally observed to be mostly converted into biocrude at high temperatures. Furthermore, no interaction phenomena between the different phases were observed with glucose–glycine, while with glucose alone the co-presence of the molecules in the different phases seemed to be the cause for the lowest biocrude yield at high temperatures. The results obtained in this work can provide new insights into the understanding of hydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid biomass, pointing out synergetic phenomena among both the biomolecules and the resulting phases.
MoS2 reinforced PEEK composite for improved aqueous boundary lubrication
Authors: Hou Xin , Bai Pengpeng , Li Jingyang , Li Yuanzhe , Cao Hui , Wen Xiangli , Meng Yonggang , Ma Liran , Tian Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolyether-etherketone (PEEK) is a corrosion-resistant material that has been widely used in aqueous lubrication. However, its anti-wear performance must be improved for its application in the industry. In this study, to improve the anti-wear performance of PEEK for aqueous boundary lubrication, PEEK/MoS2 composites were prepared by ball-milling and spark plasma sintering processes. A competitive MoS2 mechanism between the low shear strength property and the role of promoting wear debris generation influences the anti-wear performance of PEEK/MoS2 composites. Experiments demonstrated that the coefficients of friction (COF) and wear rate of PEEK composite with 0.25 wt% MoS2 were significantly reduced 68% and 94%, respectively. Furthermore, this was the first time that a PEEK composite could achieve a COF of less than 0.05 in aqueous boundary lubrication. Its anti-wear performance was verified to be better than that of PEEK/carbon fiber (CF) and Thordon composites. The PEEK/MoS2 composite may be a potential material for underwater equipment because of its outstanding anti-wear performance in aqueous boundary lubrication.
Superlubricity by polyimide-induced alignment
Authors: Gao Xinlei , Chen Hao , Yan Hong , Huang Chengrui , Wu Li , Wang Tingting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe have investigated the lubrication alignment behavior of point-plane contact and plane-plane contact between the GCr15 steel and polyimide (PI) friction pair using nematic liquid crystals (LCs) as the lubricant. In this system, rubbing orients the macromolecular PI molecules, and the oriented PI molecules induce alignment of the LC molecules in contact with or close to the oriented PI molecules. The LC molecules are aligned in the wear scar grooves of the PI film, and alignment extends to the GCr15-steel counterpart. Alignment of the LC molecules is correlated with the strong interaction force between the PI and LC molecules, the stable coordination structure of the LCs and GCr15 steel, and the weak interaction between the LC molecules. We performed simulations of the pretilt angle of PI and LCs and discussed the relationship between the pretilt angle and the friction properties. Owing to the small pretilt angle between PI and the LCs, the LC molecules orient almost parallel to the PI material, which is beneficial for superlubricity of this type of friction system.
The hypocholesterolemic effect of methanolic extract of Bassia muricata l. on hypercholesterolemic rats
Authors: Al-Obeidyeen Amal S. , Zarga Musa H. , Abdalla Shtaywy S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHypercholesterolemia is correlated with cardiovascular diseases. The search for effective alternatives for lipid-lowering drugs is continuous. We investigated the hypocholesterolemic activity of Bassia muricata methanolic extract (BMME) in a model of hyperlipidemia. B. muricata was extracted with methanol. Male rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group (G1) was fed normal diet, negative control group (G2) was fed high cholesterol and fat diet (HCFD), positive control group (G3) was fed HCFD and treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/kg), a fourth, fifth and sixth groups (G4, G5, and G6) were fed HCFD and treated with 10, 30 and 100 mg/Kg of BMME, respectively. All rat groups received, for 4 weeks, the appropriate daily dose after initial two weeks of feeding normal diet or HCFD. Body weight, lipid profile, serum glucose, liver enzymes were measured weekly. HCFD caused an increased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose, decreased triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blunted the normal gain of body weight. BMME doses restored the normal gain of body weight, caused significant decrease in serum TC, LDL-C, and increased HDL-C when compared to G2. 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of BMME failed to induce any change in alkaline phosphatase whereas 100 mg/Kg of BMME caused a significant increase in alanine transaminase. 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of BMME significantly decreased serum glucose whereas 100 mg/kg BMME significantly increased it. BMME had significant hypocholesterolemic effect and 100 mg/kg BMME increased alanine transaminase, TG and glucose in rats.

Graphical abstract
Solar transparent and thermally insulated silica aerogel for efficiency improvement of photovoltaic/thermal collectors
Authors: Wu Lijun , Zhao Bin , Gao Datong , Jiao Dongsheng , Hu Maobin , Pei Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) utilization has been regarded as a promising technique to efficiently harvest solar energy, but its thermal efficiency highly degrades in cold seasons because of remarkable heat loss. Although various methods, such as using air or vacuum gap, have been used to reduce heat loss of the PV/T, heat radiative loss still exists. In addition, unlike selective solar absorbers, the current PV/T absorber behaves like an infrared blackbody, showing great radiative heat loss. To overcome this drawback, a novel aerogel PV/T (referred to as “A-PV/T” hereinafter) collector based on solar transparent and thermally insulated silica aerogel is proposed, which can reduce the heat loss from both the non-radiative and radiative heat transfer modes. Experimental testing demonstrates that the thermal efficiency improvement of 25.1%-348% can be achieved for PV/T within the collecting temperature range of 35–70 °C when silica aerogel is introduced, indicating a significant efficiency enhancement. Compared with traditional PV/T (referred to as “T-PV/T” hereinafter) collector, the stagnation temperatures of the A-PV/T collector are 96.7 °C and 103.1 °C in outdoor and indoor environments, which are 27.4 °C and 25.8 °C greater, respectively, indicating a heat loss suppression of the aerogel. Moreover, simulation reveals that useful heat can hardly be provided by the T-PV/T collector in cold seasons, but the A-PV/T still exists a high solar thermal performance, showing good seasonal and regional applicability.
The Community Research Liaison Model: Facilitating community-engaged research
Authors: Jäderholm Christina , Currier Jessica , Brown Kim , Audett Ariane , Campbell Laura , Blakesley Steven , Crocker Daniel Lynda , Miller Sylvia , Mishalanie Sara , Ruder Chelsea , Shannon Jackilen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Community Research Liaison Model (CRLM) is a novel model to facilitate community-engaged research (CEnR) and community–academic research partnerships focused on health priorities identified by the community. This model, informed by the Principles of Community Engagement, builds trust among rural communities and expands capacity for community and investigator-initiated research. We describe the CRLM development process and how it is operationalized today. We followed a multi-phase process to design and implement a community engagement model that could be replicated. The resulting CRLM moves community–academic research collaborations from objectives to outputs using a conceptual framework that specifies our guiding principles, objectives, and actions to facilitate the objectives (i.e., capacity, motivations, and partners), and outputs. The CRLM has been fully implemented across Oregon. Six Community Research Liaisons collectively support 18 predominantly rural Oregon counties. Since 2017, the liaison team has engaged with communities on nearly 300 community projects. The CRLM has been successful in facilitating CEnR and community–academic research partnerships. The model has always existed on a dynamic foundation and continues to be responsive to the lessons learned by the community and researchers. The model is expanding across Oregon as an equitable approach to addressing health disparities across the state.