bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of spectacle-induced aniseikonia in axial anisometropia using the New Aniseikonia Test
Authors: El-Abedin Rajab Ghada Z. , Elaziz Mohamed S.A. , Soliman Shiamaa S. , Basiony Ahmed I. 
Published: December 2022

Aim
To determine whether spectacle correction in axial anisometropes can cause significant aniseikonia.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on eight patients who had axial anisometropia with a spherical equivalent difference between both eyes equal or more than 4 D. Aniseikonia was measured using the New Aniseikonia Test ‘Awaya.’ Aniseikonia of 3% or more was considered clinically significant. Spearman correlation between the amount of aniseikonia and anisometropia was calculated.

Results
The mean±SD age of the patients was 13±4.64 years (range, 7–24 years). Anisometropia ranging from −14.5 to +5.25 DS with a mean±SD of −6.70±5.18. The overall mean±SD of aniseikonia was −1.45±0.52. Five patients had no aniseikonia, three patients had −1% aniseikonia, and three patients had −2% aniseikonia. Spearman correlation showed an insignificant positive correlation between the amount of anisometropia and aniseikonia (r=0.05, P=0.86).

Conclusion
Among our cases, spectacle correction in axial anisometropia did not lead to significant aniseikonia using the New Aniseikonia Test. Aniseikonia should be assessed in patients with anisometropia as 1% of aniseikonia per diopter of anisometropia does not apply in every case.
The use of chloral hydrate sedation in pediatric strabismus outpatient clinic
Authors: Rajab Ghada Zein El- Abedin , Sultan Amany Aly , Soliman Shaimaa Sherif 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
To assess the use of oral chloral hydrate (CH) sedation in uncooperative children to perform a precise cycloplegic retinoscopy and a thorough dilated fundus examination in an outpatient strabismus and nystagmus clinic.

Patients and methods
A prospective study was conducted on 114 uncooperative children (119 sedation episodes) who were attending the strabismus and nystagmus outpatient clinic at Menoufia University Hospital. Children were sedated by the first dose of CH (50 mg/kg). A second dose, half-strength of the first dose, was given if no adequate sedation occurred after 30 min. The degree of sedation was graded into five categories: excellent, good, fair, poor, and failure. All demographic characteristics, sedation success, failure, and adverse events were reported and statistically analyzed.

Results
The mean age of children was 23.38 months (range: 5.16–62.06), and their weight ranged from 6.5 to 22 kg. The total CH dose ranged from 325 to 1500 mg. A total of 78 sedation episodes were reported by a single dose, and 41 by two doses. The percentage of the grade of sedation in our 119 episodes was as follows: excellent (56.3%), good (9.2%), fair (28.6%), poor (2.5%), and failure (3.4%). The overall success of one dose was 65.5%, which increased to 96.6% by a second supplemental dose. The most common complication was vomiting (13.4%). Other complications included prolonged drowsiness (one case) and paradoxical agitation (two cases). Spearman correlation showed a significant positive correlation between the degree of sedation and the total dose of CH (r=0.603, P<0.001).

Conclusion
According to our study, the use of CH was found to have a high success rate with two doses, without major adverse events.
Prediction of Low Birth Weight by Quadruple Parameters in High-Risk Pregnancies
Authors: Pradhan Avani , Mishra Prabhakar , Tiwari Swasti , Choure Kamlesh , Gupta Amrit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context:
Aneuploidy screening is done in the early second trimester of pregnancy among all pregnant women as compulsory, with a special focus on those who had abnormal ultrasound parameters, higher dual marker risk, or other comorbidities. Recently, all individual quad markers of conventional trisomy screening have been suggested as useful in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) such as preeclampsia, preterm labor, small for gestational age, and placental abruptions. However, similar studies on Indian pregnant women are limited. Hence, this study was intended to find the relation of quadruple markers with any other APO than aneuploidy.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted in a Tertiary Care multi-specialty hospital in North India. Data from 252 pregnant women’s quadruple test was analyzed. The association of abnormal value of quadruple markers (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]/alpha-fetoprotein/uE3/Inhibin A) with adverse outcomes was evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analysis and classification and regression tree were used to predict the significant risk factor in high-risk pregnancies.

Results:
In the study, a total (n = 252) of pregnant women, 190 were screened as high-risk pregnancies, whereas the remaining 62 were reported as low-risk using trisomy screening in the quadruple test. Baby birth weight was observed to be significantly associated with Inhibin-A, and HCG (P < 0.001), whereas Corrected (Corr)-multiple of median (MoM)-HCG (>1.415) and Inhibin-A Corr-MoM (>364.175) were the suitable predictor for the LBW. Both parameters were significantly higher in the high-risk group as compared to the low-risk group (each P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Abnormal deviation of biochemical markers from aneuploidy screening assessment could help predict other perinatal adverse outcomes such as low birth weight babies.
Association of Serum Pentraxin 3 and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein with Severity of Coronary Stenosis
Authors: Premnath Sujatha Mahadevarao , Nanda Sunil Kumar , Ray Lopamudra , Arokiaraj Mark Christopher , Ravichandran Kandasamy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:
Atherosclerosis being the keystone in the pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammation of arterial intima mediated by various inflammatory markers. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are the two important biomarkers of chronic inflammation that causes atherosclerosis.

Aims:
This study aims to investigate the association of serum PTX3 and hs-CRP with the severity of coronary stenosis in patients undergoing coronary angiogram.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 80 patients who underwent elective coronary angiogram were included. Their blood sample was collected for PTX3 and hs-CRP estimation prior to angiogram. Based on the angiogram, the participants were divided into four groups based on the number of arteries affected. PTX3 was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hs-CRP was assayed using latex-enhanced immunosorbent assay.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Kruskal–Wallis test was used to find the association of PTX3 and hs-CRP in each group and Pearson’s correlation was used to correlate PTX3 and hs-CRP with the extent of stenosis.

Results:
The mean PTX3 and hs-CRP levels in patients with some lesions in the coronary artery were 231.5 ± 129.9 pg/mL and 2.4 ± 0.4 mg/mL, respectively. The PTX3 levels elevate gradually with the severity of stenosis with P = 0.000 which is highly significant. A strong positive correlation was observed (R = 0.7929, P < 0.00001) with PTX3 and severity of stenosis. Whereas, for hs-CRP, the correlation was weaker (R = 0.3011, P = 0.006).

Conclusions:
PTX3 and hs-CRP can not only predict the number of arteries affected but also can differentiate between normal coronaries and CAD which can minimize the use of angiography.
Liver abscess in children – Clinical profile and outcome in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Rakholia Ritu , Rawat Vinita , Maroof Mohd 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Liver abscess continues to be a major cause of morbidity in developing countries. There is no gold standard for management; it has to be tailor made for each child depending on availability of resources. We aimed to study clinical features, laboratory parameters, treatment, and outcome of children with liver abscess in resource-limited settings.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective observational cohort study of children less than 16 years admitted in pediatric ward with diagnosis of liver abscess during 4 years duration (2016–2019). Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory, ultrasonographic (USG) and microbiological findings, management, and outcome were documented. For descriptive analysis, mean ± standard deviation/median with interquartile range, percentages were used and for testing association, Chi-square test and independent t-test were used. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The mean age of children was 8.4 ± 4.4 years (19– 7 male and 11 female). Fever with chills was the most common symptom (19, 100%), followed by right upper quadrant pain (18, 89.5%), vomiting (7, 36.8%), and pleural effusion (6, 31.6%). Of the 19 children, 26.3% (5) were moderately undernourished and 63.2% (12) severely undernourished. Among the laboratory parameters, leukocytosis (16, 84.2%), anemia (19, 100%), and raised C Reactive protein (CRP) (19, 100%) were seen. Liver abscess on USG was solitary in 14 (73.7%), multiple in five (26.3%), in the right lobe in 14 (73.7%), and left in five (26.3%) with average volume of 104.5 ± 79.2 cc. Blood culture was positive in 22.2% (4/19) with growth of Staphylococcus in 10.4% (2), Pseudomonas in 5.2% (1), and Escherichia coli in 5.2% (1). Pus culture was positive in one (1/8, 12.5%) showing Pseudomonas. Half (9/19) of children were managed on only antibiotics and the other half (10/19) were managed by USG-guided aspiration on two to three occasions along with antibiotics successfully with no mortality.

Conclusion:
High index of suspicion in children with fever, right upper abdomen pain, positive CRP, and anemia should prompt an urgent USG. Liver abscess can be successfully managed by intravenous antibiotics and USG-guided aspiration in larger abscess, with no mortality. However, in case of signs of impending perforation, surgical management should be considered.
Adverse drug reactions reporting: Five years analysis from a teaching hospital
Authors: Thakare Vaishali , Patil Anant , Jain Mukta , Rai Vivek , Langade Deepak 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are important cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite its known importance, rate and quality (completeness score) of ADR reporting is not satisfactory. The objective of this study was to analyze pattern and completeness score of ADRs during past five-years.

Material and Methods:
In this retrospective study, ADRs reported between 2017 to 2021 were analyzed according to year, gender, age-group, pharmacological class and department. The completeness score of ADRs was calculated. The number of sensitization programs conducted over 5 years and its impact on the completeness score was also evaluated.

Results:
A total of 104 ADRs were reported among 61 (58.6%) female and 43 (41.4%) male patients. Adults (18-65 years) comprised the most affected age group, accounting for 82 (79%) patients. Out of all, 35.5% ADRs were reported in 2018, whereas 27% were reported during 2021. Except during 2017, percentage of females with ADRs was more. Department of pulmonary medicine and dermatology contributed to maximum extent in ADR reporting. Antibiotics [23 (22.11%)], antitubercular drugs (AKT) [21 (20.19%)], and vaccines [13 (12.4%)] represented the most common agents with which ADRs were reported. ADR reporting was very low in 2017 (4/104). Percentage improvement in completeness score in 2021 vs. 2018 was 11.95% (P < 0.05). Positive trend in the improvement of average completeness score with number of sensitization programs was observed.

Conclusion:
Incidence of ADRs was more common in females. AKT and antimicrobials are commonly implicated in ADRs. Increase in awareness of ADR reporting through sensitization programs can help to improve rate and quality of reporting.
Knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward sickle cell disease patients in Jazan
Authors: Abdeldafie Selwa Y. , Alaajmi Sameera O. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
In this study, we look at the role of nurses in dealing with sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Jazan city.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of nurses and their attitudes toward SCD patients in Jazan hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional, hospital-based study, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we recruited 240 nurses from Prince Mohammed bin Nasser and Jazan general hospitals in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia. We depend on the validity and reliability of the instrument that were done by the author who prepared the tool of the primary research, and data management processing was incorporated. Statistical analysis was performed with the obtained data.

Results:
In this study, 24.2% of males and 75.8% of females were included. Of these, 40.4% of nurses between 35 and 40 years of age. About 50.4% has 10–15 years of working experience. 5% of the study participants’ salary is equal to 5000 SR which is the lower salary in the group of the participants. Also, 54.6% of nurses had a bachelor’s degree, 32.9% had a diploma, and only 12.5% had a master’s degree. Approximately 65% of nurses were married. Around 52% of nurses knew that SCD patients should have daily intake of 3 l of liquid and 44% of them recommended pop, juice, and broth. Among the sociodemographic variables, gender and income source were associated with attitude and knowledge scales, whereas among nurses’ groups, only marital status was associated (P < 0.05). Also, among the sociodemographic variables of nurses, There is statistically significant relation between the nurses’ knowledge and attitude and the demographic characteristics such as income levels, marital status and experiences as revealed by P.vale <0.05. In this study, 72.5% of nurses had poor knowledge score levels and 27.5% had good knowledge.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the average total knowledge score was 8.41 and only 27.5% of nurses had good knowledge about SCD in Jazan region. This study also suggests increasing educational interventions, which could aid in improving nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward SCD. It is recommended to conduct a similar study with a large number of professionals in order to generalize the findings.
COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy and low birth weight in community development blocks, Purba Bardhaman: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: De Arindam , Biswas Puspendu , Ray Soumalya , Hosen Sekh Faruk , Ghosh Harsha , Bhowmik Sanghamitra 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy is hypothesized to affect the birth weight of the children. Community based findings on such hypothesis are scarce in West Bengal. This study was conducted with the objective to determine the relationship between low birth weight (LBW) and maternal exposure to COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, mothers of children, who were born between February 2020 and October 2021 and who were registered in the subcenters of Purba Barddhaman district, West Bengal, were selected as study population. Mothers who were diagnosed as COVID-19 positive during the antenatal period were considered as ‘Pregnancy with COVID’ and others were considered as ‘Pregnancy without COVID’. The minimum required sample size using Fleiss formula were 119 and 476, respectively, whose were selected through multi-stage random sampling. A schedule was used to collect data through review of relevant records of antenatal registers of sub-centers of selected individuals. The association was checked through multivariate logistic regression model where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Incidence of LBW in COVID pregnancy, Non-COVID Pregnancy group were 30.3% and 18.7%, respectively. COVID positivity during pregnancy shows relative risk of 1.62 and attributable risk of 38.28% for LBW baby as pregnancy outcome. Multivariate analysis reveals that LBW babies are significantly associated with COVID status during pregnancy (AOR 2.18, 1.3–3.63) after adjusting for anemia in pregnancy, incomplete antenatal visits, mothers age ≥30 years, parity and periods of gestation.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that COVID positivity during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of LBW as pregnancy outcome.
Challenges and solutions adopted by frontline health managers in the management of routine health services during the COVID-19 pandemic at the grassroots level in India: A qualitative quest
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Aggarwal Sumit , Velamala Sunhitha , Rashmi Anusha , Gaitonde Rakhal , Masthi N R , Garg Suneela 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The public health emergency due to COVID-19 has placed an immense burden on the health care system. The strain for provision of health care services has also extended to routine services. The future impact of this decline in facility provision can be seen in morbidity and mortality indicators of the country. In a time when the country is working toward meeting the sustainable development goals (SDGs), COVID-19 has become a setback.

Objective:
This study tries to find the very challenges faced by frontline workers and the measures adopted to overcome the same.

Materials and Methods:
This was a mixed methods study conducted at various selected states across the country based on their vulnerability index. Data was collected via in-depth interviews among 120 frontline managers. Transcribed responses were coded. Framework analysis with preformed codes were done. Quantitative data are represented as frequencies and percentages.

Results:
Analysis showed increased work pressure, innovative approach adopted locally, and allaying fear by reinstating services helped as coping mechanisms to take care of routine health care services at the grassroots level.

Conclusions:
The conscious effort of all involved with the use of local solutions and innovations, along with intersectoral coordination and efficient use of resources paved the way for a good deliverance of health care to the society. The frontline managers minimized the damage by using available resources consciously and wisely.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) regarding directly observed therapy (DOT) in tuberculosis among ASHA workers from tribal subpopulation zone of Rajasthan
Authors: Dwivedi Rakhi , Goswami Divya , Singh Pratibha , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
A high level of community awareness and positive perception towards tuberculosis and its management is crucial for the successful outcome of any control measure. In India the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) plays a key role in providing awareness and counselling on healthcare issues and management, particularly in remote areas. The tribal population is vulnerable to such infectious diseases due to resource limitations and remote locations. We assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding directly observed therapy (DOT) among ASHA workers in the tribal belt of the Sirohi district of Rajasthan state.

Material and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among ASHA workers of Sirohi district from January 2021 to June 2021. A predesigned and structured questionnaire was used to gather information on knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the management of tuberculosis and DOT.

Results:
A total of 95 ASHAs participated in the study with a mean age of 35.82 years. Good knowledge (Mean score = 6.2947 ± 1.08052) was observed regarding tuberculosis and DOT. 81% (n = 74) have good knowledge regarding DOT whereas most have a poor attitude and only 47% have adequate practice. A 55% of ASHAs did not adhere even a single TB patient in the last three years.

Conclusion:
In our study, knowledge gaps were identified which may result in substandard patient care. The structured refresher training towards DOT and also training to work in tribal areas will further improve the KAP of ASHAs. It might be needed to provide a module or curriculum regarding awareness among ASHAs for strengthening follow-up system for tuberculosis patients among the tribal population.
Effect of lock down due to COVID-19 pandemic on the alcohol use and abuse among a tribal community in South India
Authors: Mathew Asha E. , Minz Shantidani , Vinodh Amala , Prasad Jasmin Helan , Paul John , Jebaraj Paul , Rose Anuradha 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Alcohol consumption in the tribal communities is found to be rising, as Indian-made foreign liquor (IMFL) is easily accessible through state-run outlets. During the first coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown, despite IMFL being non-available, there were not any reports of alcohol withdrawal among the tribal men who were enrolled in our substance abuse clinic.

Methodology:
This is a community-based, mixed-method study to document the changes during the lockdown in the drinking pattern and behavior of families and communities of men who consume alcohol. The quantitative part of the study was done by interviewing 45 alcohol-dependent men and documenting their alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) scores during the lockdown. The qualitative part captured the changes in familial and social behavior. Focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among community members and leaders. In-depth interviews (IDs) were done among men with harmful drinking patterns and their spouses.

Results:
There was a significant reduction in the consumption of IMFL among the men interviewed as depicted by the low mean AUDIT score (16.42, P < 0.001). Trivial withdrawal symptoms were found among them (67%). Around 73.3% could access arrack. The community perceived that arrack was brewed and sold at a higher cost within days of lockdown. Familial conflicts reduced. Certain community leaders and members could proactively curb the brewing and selling of arrack.

Conclusion:
The study uniquely brought out in depth the information at the individual, familial, and community contexts. It is imperative to develop policies to protect indigenous populations by different rules governing the sales of alcohol.
The effect of different doses of vitamin D on the prognosis of patients undergoing carpal tunnel syndrome surgery
Authors: Noorizadeh Karim , Mohammadi Seyed Mohammad , Seifi Mozhgan , Moradi Mohammad Saeed , Sadoni Hanoon 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:
Vitamin D accelerates myelin repair and recovery after nerve damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the prognosis of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods:
A randomized clinical trial was conducted in the orthopedic ward of Golestan and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Ahvaz for 2 years (from October 2018 to October 2020). Patients were divided into three groups: the first group received 1,000 units of vitamin D daily, the second group received 4,000 units of vitamin D per week for the first 4–6 weeks and then 2,000 units per month, and the third group received no vitamin D supplementation. The results were compared before and after 6 months between the study groups.

Results:
A total of 105 patients were included in the study, who were divided into three groups. The mean age of the patients was 39.24 ± 7.01 years (25–52 years). The mean level of the vitamin D in the control group was 25.40 ± 8.37 ng/mL, the group receiving 1,000 units/day was 26.71 ± 8.70 ng/mL, and the group receiving 50,000 units per week was 26.17 ± 8.63 ng/mL. The mean values of preoperative pain intensity, symptom severity, and functional status were almost the same in the three groups. These values were reduced after surgery in the two groups receiving the drug compared to the control group.

Conclusions:
The findings of the study showed that the administration of vitamin D supplementation in patients with CTS can significantly improve the postoperative symptoms of patients who underwent tendon release surgery and further improve the severity of symptoms and dysfunction of patients.