bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating reservoir evaporation using numerical weather prediction: Omo Gibe III reservoir in Ethiopia
Authors: Anebo Abraham Loha , Woldesenbet Tekalegn Ayele , Ayele Gebiaw Teshome 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Water resource management plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development and protecting the environment. However, estimating evaporation rates in complex terrains, such as the Omo Gibe III Reservoir area, poses significant challenges due to limited data availability and the influence of natural formations on local weather patterns. To solve this problem Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model employed. The WRF model employs the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) climate dataset to simulate key meteorological parameters. The simulation period covers 2014 to 2020, with a one-month spin-up period (December 1–30, 2013) to ensure model stability. To evaluate the model performance, various metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are employed. Reservoir evaporation is estimated by employing the mass transfer method and using WRF simulated meteorological variables. The findings highlight the WRF model-based estimatessuperiority over the MOD16 dataset, displaying lower MSE (85.22 versus 168.13) and higher NSE (0.91 versus 0.82), and signifying better agreement with observed evaporation patterns. Both models exhibit robust positive correlations with observed data (r: WRF − 0.97, MOD16–0.98), effectively capturing overall trends. The WRF model calculates a mean monthly average evaporation rate of 72.79 mm, which falls between Wolaita Station’s estimate (76.70 mm) and is lower than MOD16 (86.61 mm). The standard deviation values indicate that MOD16 exhibits the highest variability (36.67 mm), whereas the WRF model-based estimates(26.58 mm) and estimates of observed Station at Wolaita (30.91 mm) show comparatively lower variability, suggesting more consistent estimates. The research emphasizes the importance of the WRF model in estimating evaporation rates at Gibe III Reservoir, assisting in water allocation, reservoir operation, and environmental preservation. Furthermore, its applicability in climate resilience and sustainable development.
Extensive gene flow suggests lack of reproductive barriers between the two subspecies of the green whip snake, Hierophis viridiflavus (Squamata: Colubridae)
Authors: Meier Noah , Lucek Kay , Zuffi Marco A L , Storniolo Federico , Mezzasalma Marcello , Geniez Philippe , Dubey Sylvain , Sacchi Roberto , Scali Stefano , Ursenbacher Sylvain 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Speciation is the fundamental process that underlies the diversification of species. Different steps of speciation, such as reproductive isolation or ecological niche separation, can evolve in different orders and over different time scales. The two subspecies of the green whip snake, Hierophis viridiflavus viridiflavus and Hierophis viridiflavus carbonarius, sometimes considered as separate species, are ideal to study speciation because they diverged in isolated glacial refugia. So far, little is known about whether these two subspecies are reproductively isolated from each other. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the common melanism of the subspecies H. v. carbonarius might be genetically encoded. We quantified gene flow along two transects across the contact zone of the two subspecies using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA. Our analyses implicated the existence of two well-defined clades that experience substantial gene flow along a contact zone that is ~300 km wide. We detected a clear association between the genetic assignment and the quantitative extent of melanism within the contact zone, which is likely to be genetically polygenic. Given the level of gene flow, it seems that strong postzygotic reproductive barriers have not evolved. We conclude that the two subspecies represent evolutionarily significant units for conservation and suggest treating them taxonomically as subspecies.
Low genetic diversity and shallow population structure in the broom hare, Lepus castroviejoi (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)
Authors: Costa José , Queirós João , Ballesteros Fernando , Mucci Nadia , Souto João , Silva Eugénio , Melo-Ferreira José , Alves Paulo Célio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The broom hare (Lepus castroviejoi) is a threatened Iberian endemic, for which there is limited knowledge. We use genetic non-invasive sampling (gNIS; N = 185 faeces samples) and specimens from hunting and roadkills (N = 22) in conjunction with a 15-microsatellite panel and a 541-bp fragment of cytochrome-b to assess the genetic diversity, population structure and evolutionary history of this species. Populations from the other four European hare species were also analysed to accurately compare the genetic diversity patterns and infer admixture. Species identification from gNIS was inferred using small fragments of cytochrome-b and transferrin genes and individual identification was obtained using microsatellites. The broom hare population showed the lowest level of nuclear DNA diversity of all analysed hare species (N = 76; Na = 2.53, He = 0.186 and Fis = 0.341) and very low mitochondrial DNA diversity (N = 64; Hd = 0.743 and π = 0.01543). Only the Italian hare (L. corsicanus) showed a similar pattern of low genetic diversity. No hybridization with the neighbouring hare species was detected. However, two mitochondrial DNA lineages, corresponding to two ancient events of introgression of mountain hare (L. timidus) origin, were characterized. There was evidence for shallow spatial population differentiation of the broom hare. The described reduced genetic diversity, associated with a narrow distribution range and recent population declines, represents a risk of population extinction, and highlights the need for conservation measures of this endemic threatened hare species.
Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Treatment of Acute and Recent Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Narrative Review
Authors: Martinello Marianne , Naggie Susanna , Rockstroh Juergen Kurt , Matthews Gail V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Following the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 1989, 3 decades of basic, translational, and clinical research culminated in the development of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy—curative oral treatment for HCV infection. The availability of DAA therapy revolutionized HCV clinical management, including acute (duration of infection &lt;6 mo) and recent (duration of infection &lt;12 mo) infection. Several DAA regimens, including the contemporary pan-genotypic combinations of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir and glecaprevir-pibrentasvir, have been shown to be safe and effective among people with acute and recent HCV infection, highlighting their potential in an HCV controlled human infection model. This article describes the natural history and management of acute and recent HCV infection in the era of DAA therapy and outlines a strategy for use of DAA therapies in the setting of an HCV controlled human infection model.
Ethics of Controlled Human Infection Studies With Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Rid Annette , Feld Jordan J , Liang T Jake , Weijer Charles 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Global elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) will be difficult to attain without an effective HCV vaccine. Controlled human infection (CHI) studies with HCV were not considered until recently, when highly effective treatment became available. However, now that successful treatment of a deliberate HCV infection is feasible, it is imperative to evaluate the ethics of establishing a program of HCV CHI research. Here, we evaluate the ethics of studies to develop an HCV CHI model in light of 10 ethical considerations: sufficient social value, reasonable risk–benefit profile, suitable site selection, fair participant selection, robust informed consent, proportionate compensation or payment, context-specific stakeholder engagement, fair and open collaboration, independent review and oversight, and integrated ethics research. We conclude that it can be ethically acceptable to develop an HCV CHI model. Indeed, when done appropriately, developing a model should be a priority on the path toward global elimination of HCV.
Augmentative biological control for squash bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) using the egg parasitoid, Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
Authors: Boyle Sean M , Salom Scott , Schultz Peter , Lopez Lorena , Weber Donald C , Kuhar Thomas P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), is a serious pest of cucurbit crops across the United States. Conventional growers commonly use broad-spectrum insecticides to manage squash bugs, however organic growers lack these effective chemical tools and must rely on alternative management strategies. Biological control of A. tristis is largely understudied, specifically the potential of natural enemy, Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), as an augmentative biological control agent. For this reason, we performed early-season field releases of H. pennsylvanicus on organic farms in southeastern Virginia to test if this would improve A. tristis egg parasitism. We chose organic vegetable farms growing summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) as release sites and nearby Virginia Tech Agricultural Research Extension Centers (AREC) as no-release sites. Parasitoids were reared in the lab and deployed as parasitized egg masses (~2−3 females wasps/plant) in June 2020 and 2021. Before parasitoid deployment, host eggs collected from release and no-release sites displayed low levels of H. pennsylvanicus parasitism in 2020 (&lt;21%) and 2021 (&lt;8%). In both years, the percentage of A. tristis eggs parasitized within 2 weeks post deployment was significantly greater at release sites (~60%) than at no-release sites (~14%). High rates of H. pennsylvanicus parasitism (&gt;72%) were further observed at release sites 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks following parasitoid deployment. Our study demonstrates that releases of lab-reared H. pennsylvanicus can increase A. tristis egg parasitism rates and subsequently decrease successful nymph hatch rates in early summer squash plantings.
The Every Mind Matters campaign: changes in mental health literacy and its associations with campaign awareness
Authors: Hahn Jane S , Chua Kia-Chong , Jones Rebecca , Henderson Claire 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects on population level mental health literacy (MHL) of Every Mind Matters over 30 months following campaign launch.

Methods
To observe changes in MHL over time, we conducted regression analyses on a nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional dataset of nine survey waves from September 2019 to March 2022 and an individual participant data meta-analysis with data from October 2019 to March 2021 to examine the association between campaign awareness and the outcomes.

Results
There were small improvements in knowledge of management of stress, depression and anxiety, mental health vigilance, sleep literacy and psychological wellbeing self-efficacy from September 2019 to March 2020 and a deterioration in most MHL outcomes from March 2020 compared with September 2019. Campaign awareness was positively associated with symptom management of depression and anxiety, help seeking self-efficacy, stigma related to mental disorders and mental health vigilance.

Conclusions
There is little evidence that the campaign improved MHL in the general population beyond March 2020. Those who were aware of the campaign may have benefitted from its resources.
Public trust in the Government to control the spread of COVID-19 in England after the first wave—a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Boehm Claudia , Boadu Paul , Exley Josephine , Al-Haboubi Mustafa , Mays Nicholas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
To control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), governments are increasingly relying on the public to voluntarily manage risk. Effectiveness is likely to rely in part on how much the public trusts the Government’s response. We examined the English public’s trust in the Conservative Government to control the spread of COVID-19 after the initial ‘crisis’ period.

Methods
We analyzed eight rounds of a longitudinal survey of 1899 smartphone users aged 18–79 in England between October 2020 and December 2021. We fitted a random-effects logit model to identify personal characteristics and opinions associated with trust in the Conservative Government to control the spread of COVID-19.

Results
Trust was lowest in January 2021 (28%) and highest in March 2021 (44%). Being older, having lower educational attainment and aligning with the Conservative Party were predictors of higher levels of trust. Conversely, being less deprived, reporting that Government communications were not clear and considering that the measures taken by the Government went too far or not far enough were predictors of being less likely to report a great deal or a fair amount of trust in the Government to control the pandemic.

Conclusion
Trust in the Government’s response was found to be low throughout the study. Our findings suggest that there may be scope to avoid losing trust by aligning Government actions more closely with scientific advice and public opinion, and through clearer public health messaging. However, it remains unclear whether and how higher trust in the Government’s response would increase compliance with Government advice.
“Just Right”: The Goldilocks Theory of Sanctions Busting’s Causes
Authors: Preble Keith A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
When sender states impose economic sanctions on target states, are the commercially lucrative opportunities for third-party sanctions busters the same across all target states? I develop a time-series cross-sectional data sets using UN Comtrade data between 1963 and 2011 to illustrate how variation in a target state’s economic size impacts the likelihood of sanctions busting. I develop a “Goldilocks” theory of target choice, arguing that target states with medium-sized economies are “just right” with a higher probability of receiving sanctions busting trade than smaller- and larger-sized economies. These “just right” economies likely generate higher rents and more commercially lucrative opportunities than smaller- and larger-sized sanctioned economies. This study has implications for policymakers in that the very policies imposing sanctions tend to target medium-sized economies more frequently. Thus, economic sanctions may stimulate sanctions busting trade and undermine the very behavior these foreign policies are meant to correct.
Biochemical pathways represented by Gene Ontology-Causal Activity Models identify distinct phenotypes resulting from mutations in pathways
Authors: Hill David P , Drabkin Harold J , Smith Cynthia L , Van Auken Kimberly M , D’Eustachio Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Gene inactivation can affect the process(es) in which that gene acts and causally downstream ones, yielding diverse mutant phenotypes. Identifying the genetic pathways resulting in a given phenotype helps us understand how individual genes interact in a functional network. Computable representations of biological pathways include detailed process descriptions in the Reactome Knowledgebase and causal activity flows between molecular functions in Gene Ontology-Causal Activity Models (GO-CAMs). A computational process has been developed to convert Reactome pathways to GO-CAMs. Laboratory mice are widely used models of normal and pathological human processes. We have converted human Reactome GO-CAMs to orthologous mouse GO-CAMs, as a resource to transfer pathway knowledge between humans and model organisms. These mouse GO-CAMs allowed us to define sets of genes that function in a causally connected way. To demonstrate that individual variant genes from connected pathways result in similar but distinguishable phenotypes, we used the genes in our pathway models to cross-query mouse phenotype annotations in the Mouse Genome Database (MGD). Using GO-CAM representations of 2 related but distinct pathways, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, we show that individual causal paths in gene networks give rise to discrete phenotypic outcomes resulting from perturbations of glycolytic and gluconeogenic genes. The accurate and detailed descriptions of gene interactions recovered in this analysis of well-studied processes suggest that this strategy can be applied to less well-understood processes in less well-studied model systems to predict phenotypic outcomes of novel gene variants and to identify potential gene targets in altered processes.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Global Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhu Zhengbao , Jia Yiming , Li Fu-Rong , Li Yang , Chen Li-Hua , Yang Huan-Huan , Guo Daoxia , Sun Lulu , Shi Mengyao , Wang Tao , Rohan Thomas E , Qi Qibin , Qin Li-Qiang , Zhang Yonghong , Chen Guo-Chong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was associated with elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases in observational studies. We aimed to evaluate the observational and genetic associations of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with multiple cardiometabolic outcomes.

Methods
Our phenotypic and genetic association analyses included more than 400 000 participants who were free of major cardiovascular disease and diabetes at recruitment (2006-2010) and were followed up until December 2019 based on the UK Biobank. For the Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, 415 and 273 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CD and UC, respectively, were selected as genetic instruments. Summary-level data on individual cardiometabolic outcomes were obtained from 4 different genome-wide association studies with a total of 2 248 842 participants.

Results
In the multivariable-adjusted observational analyses, CD was associated with higher risks of heart failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.42) and type 2 diabetes (HR, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-2.67) but not with myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. UC was related to increased risks of all the assessed cardiometabolic diseases (HRs ranged from 1.29 for myocardial infarction to 1.76 for type 2 diabetes). Conversely, neither the genetic risk score for CD nor that for UC was associated with higher risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. In 2-sample MR analyses, genetically determined CD and UC were not associated with any of the assessed cardiometabolic diseases (all P values &gt;.05).

Conclusions
Despite confirming the observational associations, our study does not support a causal association between IBD and elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Inquiry-based learning as an adaptive signature pedagogy in international relations
Authors: Carniel Jessica , Emmerson Mark , Gehrmann Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Several scholars have described our current political milieu as a time of crisis, disruption, and rapid change that presents various practical and theoretical challenges to the discipline of international relations (IR) and its pedagogical practice. The concept of signature pedagogies is one response that has emerged to respond to the changing needs of the discipline and the increasingly vocational approach to tertiary education. Many approaches identified as signature pedagogies in IR require preparation and lead-up time that make them difficult to apply rapidly to changing events in world politics as they occur. This article identifies inquiry-based learning as a strong model of adaptive and metacognitive learning that provides students with skills that can be readily applied to new problems and contexts. This enables instructors to draw directly on current events in world politics in a meaningful way that assists in providing students with the skills to address unfamiliar challenges in a rapidly changing world.
#AMRrounds: a systematic educational approach for navigating bench to bedside antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Liu Elaine , Prinzi Andrea M , Borjan Jovan , Aitken Samuel L , Bradford Patricia A , Wright William F 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to serve as a major global health crisis. Clinicians practising in this modern era are faced with ongoing challenges in the therapeutic management of patients suffering from antimicrobial-resistant infections. A strong educational understanding and synergistic application of clinical microbiology, infectious disease and pharmacological concepts can assist the adventuring clinician in the navigation of such cases. Important items include mobilizing laboratory testing for pathogen identification and susceptibility data, harnessing an understanding of intrinsic pathogen resistance, acknowledging epidemiological resistance trends, recognizing acquired AMR mechanisms, and consolidating these considerations when constructing an ideal pharmacological plan. In this article, we outline a novel framework by which to systematically approach clinical AMR, encourage AMR-related education and optimize therapeutic decision-making in AMR-related illnesses.
Control of Phytonemus pallidus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from strawberry transplants using controlled atmosphere temperature treatment
Authors: Bernier Virginie , Lefebvre Nicholas , Khelifi Mohamed , Renkema Justin , Fournier Valérie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Since it inhabits young leaves and buds of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) crowns, cyclamen mite (Phytonemus pallidus Banks) is a difficult pest to control with biological or chemical means once it is present in a field. Controlled atmosphere temperature treatment (CATT) is a successful technique that has been commercially used in the Netherlands for nearly 2 decades to disinfect strawberry nursery stock, including elimination of cyclamen mite. During CATT, plants are treated at 35 °C, 50% CO2, and 10% O2 under high relative humidity for 48 h. The objective of this study was to test CATT against P. pallidus in North America at a scale that can be easily used on-farms by strawberry growers. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted where infested trayplants were treated with CATT or the acaricide abamectin, and P. pallidus number were compared to control plants. Plants were destructively sampled after 4 weeks, and CATT reduced mobile forms of P. pallidus by 99.9% in both experiments. Abamectin used in the first experiment had an efficacy of 95.5%. Our findings suggest that CATT is effective at nearly eliminating P. pallidus from strawberry planting material, and its application could reduce risks of field infestations and the need for multiple acaricide applications. While our results are encouraging, additional research is needed to assess the effects of CATT on strawberry plant survival, growth, and fruit production.