bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire modifies plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Warneke Christopher R. , Yelenik Stephanie G. , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough plant–soil feedbacks (interactions between plants and soils, often mediated by soil microbes, abbreviated as PSFs) are widely known to influence patterns of plant diversity at local and landscape scales, these interactions are rarely examined in the context of important environmental factors. Resolving the roles of environmental factors is important because the environmental context may alter PSF patterns by modifying the strength or even direction of PSFs for certain species. One important environmental factor that is increasing in scale and frequency with climate change is fire, though the influence of fire on PSFs remains essentially unexamined. By changing microbial community composition, fire may alter the microbes available to colonize the roots of plants and thus seedling growth post‐fire. This has potential to change the strength and/or direction of PSFs, depending on how such changes in microbial community composition occur and the plant species with which the microbes interact. We examined how a recent fire altered PSFs of two leguminous, nitrogen‐fixing tree species in Hawaiʻi. For both species, growing in conspecific soil resulted in higher plant performance (as measured by biomass production) than growing in heterospecific soil. This pattern was mediated by nodule formation, an important process for growth for legume species. Fire weakened PSFs for these species and therefore pairwise PSFs, which were significant in unburned soils, but were nonsignificant in burned soils. Theory suggests that positive PSFs such as those found in unburned sites would reinforce the dominance of species where they are locally dominant. The change in pairwise PSFs with burn status shows PSF‐mediated dominance might diminish after fire. Our results demonstrate that fire can modify PSFs by weakening the legume‐rhizobia symbiosis, which may alter local competitive dynamics between two canopy dominant tree species. These findings illustrate the importance of considering environmental context when evaluating the role of PSFs for plants.
Guidelines for in vitro testing of hypoglycemic components in food‐grade natural products
Authors: Zhao Min , Xin Mei‐Li , Zhao Ming‐Yue , Li Yue , Tian Jin‐Long 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces the in vitro test method of hypoglycemic components in food‐grade natural products. The specific steps and results of the experimental methods were introduced in detail, including enzyme inhibition test, inhibition kinetics test, multispectral analysis, cell screening model test, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics test. Through the above series of tests, we can judge whether the components in natural products have a lowering effect on blood glucose and analyze the mechanism of action.
T helper cell subsets: diversification of the field
Authors: Zielinski Christina E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolarized T helper cell (Th cell) responses are important determinants of host protection. Th cell subsets tailor their functional repertoire of cytokines to their cognate antigens to efficiently contribute to their clearance. In contrast, in settings of immune abrogation, these polarized cytokine patterns of Th cells can mediate tissue damage and pathology resulting in allergy or autoimmunity. Recent technological developments in single‐cell genomics and proteomics as well as advances in the high‐dimensional bioinformatic analysis of complex datasets have challenged the prevailing Th cell subset classification into Th1, Th2, Th17, and other subsets. Additionally, systems immunology approaches have revealed that instructive input from the peripheral tissue microenvironment can have differential effects on the overall phenotype and molecular wiring of Th cells depending on their spatial distribution. Th cells from the blood or secondary lymphoid organs are therefore expected to follow distinct rules of regulation. In this review, the functional heterogeneity of Th cell subsets will be reviewed in the context of new technological developments and T‐cell compartmentalization in tissue niches. This work will especially focus on challenges to the traditional boundaries of Th cell subsets and will discuss the underlying regulatory checkpoints, which could reveal new therapeutic strategies for various immune‐mediated diseases.
Modular Synthesis of Triarylamines and Poly(triarylamine)s through a Radical Mechanism
Authors: Sun Jie , Liu Zhenjiang , Jin Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA modular protocol for the triarylamine synthesis has been developed using diarylamines and electron‐rich arenes, such as phenols, as the building blocks. The KI/KIO4 system proves to be highly efficient for the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of phenothiazines/phenoxazines with phenols/anilines. A wide range of functional groups attached to both coupling partners were well tolerated. Through the manipulation of reaction temperatures, the sequential assembly of bis‐triarylamines could be achieved to provide the unsymmetrically bis‐aminated phenols efficiently. Furthermore, the multiple aminated polyphenols were rapidly constructed in good to high yields by a single operation.
Profibrotic behavior of fibroblasts derived from patients that develop posttraumatic shoulder stiffness
Authors: Hendy Benjamin A. , Fertala Jolanta , Nicholson Thema , Abboud Joseph A. , Namdari Surena , Fertala Andrzej 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsArthrofibrosis is a severe scarring condition characterized by joint stiffness and pain. Fundamental to developing arthrofibrotic scars is the accelerated production of procollagen I, a precursor of collagen I molecules that form fibrotic deposits in affected joints. The procollagen I production mechanism comprises numerous elements, including enzymes, protein chaperones, and growth factors. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in the production of vital elements of this mechanism in surgical patients who developed significant posttraumatic arthrofibrosis and those who did not.MethodsWe studied a group of patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff. Utilizing fibroblasts isolated from the patients' rotator intervals, we analyzed their responses to profibrotic stimulation with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). We compared TGFβ1‐dependent changes in the production of procollagen I. We studied auxiliary proteins, prolyl 4‐hydroxylase (P4H), and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), that control procollagen stability and folding. A group of other proteins involved in excessive scar formation, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and fibronectin, was also analyzed.ResultsWe observed robust TGFβ1‐dependent increases in the production of CTGF, HSP47, αSMA, procollagen I, and fibronectin in fibroblasts from both groups of patients. In contrast, TGFβ1‐dependent P4H production increased only in the stiff‐shoulder‐derived fibroblasts.ConclusionResults suggest P4H may serve as an element of a mechanism that modulates the fibrotic response after rotator cuff injury.
Estimation of soil mobilization rates by a rainy period and intense tillage practices in vineyards—A case study in the Maule region (Chile)
Authors: Lozano‐Parra Javier , Maldonado‐Clavelle Camila F. , Caballero‐Calvo Andrés , Pulido‐Fernández Manuel , Gyasi‐Agyei Yeboah , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWinemaking in Chile is a long tradition that is recognized around the world. It is especially important in the Maule region where more than 40% of the total wine in the country is produced. However, there is a lack of studies related to soil erosion in vineyards in Chile, especially considering the extreme rainfall events that occur in the country. This research estimates soil erosion mobilization rates before and after a rainy season between April 2020 and May 2020 using the “improved stock unearthing method” on two inter‐row plots in a vineyard located in the Maule region of Chile. This method relies on the graft union as a bioindicator for assessing soil surface‐level changes. Maps of the soil surface were obtained to show how soil depletion and accumulation points within the inter‐row areas could be detected. It has been estimated that a total soil mobilization of 85.7 and 130 Mg ha yr−1 had occurred in the inter‐row areas 1 and 2, respectively, since the establishment of the plantation. However, a single rain event mobilized soil at rates of 5.5 and 3.5 Mg ha yr−1, respectively, in the inter‐row areas 1 and 2. We have demonstrated that erosive processes present in the study area exceed the rates of soil formation and the tolerable rates of erosion on a global scale. The results allow re‐thinking of agricultural practices and management of soil systems to improve the sustainability of conventional Chilean vineyards and their soils.
An analytical model for transverse velocity distributions of overbank flows with submerged and emergent vegetated floodplains
Authors: Liu Junzheng , Xu Haijue , Bai Yuchuan , Huang Zhe , Li Chang , Wen Zhichao , Ji Ziqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe emergence of floodplain vegetation enhances the local drag and affects the velocity distribution of the overbank flow in a two‐stage channel. Numerous analytical models (e.g., the modified SKM models) have been established to simulate the transverse velocity distributions of overbank flows with vegetation. However, the dimensionless eddy viscosity (λ) was simplified to be a constant in these models when quantifying transverse momentum exchange. In this paper, we develop a novel analytical model to simulate the depth average velocity profiles of overbank flows with floodplain vegetation. Considering a micro‐hexahedral element on a vegetated‐bed area for a two‐stage rectangular channel, the governing equation of the vegetated overbank flow is derived. An improved eddy viscosity model that considers the transverse variation of the λ is employed to quantify the transverse momentum transfer, and a linear empirical function simplifies the secondary current. The simulated depth average velocities agreed well with the published measurements. In comparison with existing models, the proposed model shows better prediction accuracy, particularly in the shearing layer domain. More importantly, for the optimized model parameters, we found that the dimensionless eddy viscosity plays the most influential role when simulating depth‐averaged velocities in the shearing layer domain, whereas the drag force dominates for vegetated floodplains. This study provides a convenient method for predicting the flow velocity in overbank floods with vegetation.
A personal audit of private obstetric practice
Authors: Skehan Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis is a retrospective review of 7398 deliveries under the direct care of the author over 25 years, from data input on personal handheld computers at the time of delivery. A more detailed look at 409 deliveries over 2.5 years where all the case notes were studied was also undertaken. The rate of cesarean section is outlined. For the last 10 years of the study, the rate of cesarean section was maintained at 19%. This was in quite an elderly population. Two main factors seemed responsible for the relatively low rate of cesarean: vaginal births after cesarean (VBACs) and rotational Kiwi deliveries.
Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue With Left Ventricular Strain and MR Myocardial Perfusion in Patients With Known Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Zhu Jing , Xie Zhen , Huang Hao , Li Wenjia , Zhuo Kaimin , Bai Zhicheng , Huang Ruijue 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may have a paracrine effect on coronary microcirculation and myocardium. However, it is unclear whether EAT is linked to cardiac function and perfusion.PurposeTo investigate the association of EAT with left ventricular (LV) strain and myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 78 patients with CAD and 20 healthy controls. The patients were further divided into high (n = 39) and low EAT volume (n = 39) groups according to median EAT volume.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T, balanced steady‐state free precession, inversion recovery prepared echo‐planar, and segmented‐turbo fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) phase‐sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequences.AssessmentEAT volume was measured by manually tracing the epicardial border and the visceral layer of pericardium on the short‐axis cine stacks. LV strain parameters included global radial (GRS), circumferential (GCS), and longitudinal peak strain (GLS). Perfusion indices included upslope, perfusion index, time‐to‐maximum signal intensity (TTM), and maximum signal intensity (MaxSI).Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis rank tests, Chi‐squared or Fisher exact tests. Multivariate linear regression analyses. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe parameters of GRS GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, and MaxSI were significantly lower in the patients when compared to the controls. Moreover, the high EAT volume group presented significantly longer TTM values and lower GRS, GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, and MaxSI than the low EAT volume group. Multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated that EAT was independently associated with GRS, GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, TTM, and MaxSI in patients. EAT and upslope were independently associated with GRS, while EAT and perfusion index were both independently associated with GCS and GLS.Data ConclusionEAT was associated with parameters of LV function and perfusion, and myocardial perfusion was independently associated with LV strain in patients with CAD.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Comparison of life cycle assessments and nutritional contents of soy protein and wheat protein (seitan) based vegan bacon products for human and environmental health
Authors: Yusuf Emel Hasan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh amounts of meat consumption cause cardiometabolic diseases and higher mortality rates. Animal farming creates the highest amounts of methane emissions as a result of manure. Therefore, plant‐based meat analogues are popular among flexitarian, vegetarian and vegan consumers. Similar to other meat substitutes, plant‐based pork products are attractive both for manufacturers and consumers who are looking for healthy and environmentally friendly food solutions.RESULTSIn the present study, soy protein and seitan protein‐based bacon food products were evaluated by life cycle assessment (LCA) for global warming, terrestrial acidification, terrestrial toxicity, water consumption, freshwater eutrophication and human carcinogenic toxicity. Moreover, the nutritional characteristics of plant‐based bacon products were compared with each other, and seitan protein‐based bacon demonstrated more elevated amounts of protein content than pork bacon. According to LCA, the present study has demonstrated the heating of plant‐based bacon products with induction, ceramic and electric stoves before consumption. The packaging and packaging materials of plant‐based bacon products showed lower environmental impacts compared to the high‐risk factors such as petroleum production and diesel combustion.CONCLUSIONSoy protein and seitan‐based bacon alternatives were low in fat content, and seitan protein‐based bacon provides more protein content than original bacon. Moreover, the highest risks of environmental and human health effects of bacon substitutes have not come from individual activities and/or food production, but from side industries that cause the highest amounts of environmental issues crucial for food production and transportation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Implementing a diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility strategy: Lessons learned at five scholarly communications organizations
Authors: Wells Ajinkya Ashley , Gladfelter Graham Kimberly , Meadows Alice , Mehmani Bahar , Mukhopadhyay Rajendrani , Stanton Maria 
Published: February 2023

Key points
Diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility (DEIA) is of increasing strategic importance to a wide range of organizations, including scholarly publishers and other information organizations.
Many of these organizations are now embedding specific DEIA initiatives in their strategic goals, supported by the budget and resources necessary to successfully implement them—however, progress towards achieving these goals is often slow and incremental.
While different organizations may have different experiences and areas of focus, there are also many similarities, which can be widely drawn on by anyone seeking to improve DEIA in their own organization or community.
This article focuses on five very different information organizations represented in NISO's DEIA Committee, which are working on improving DEIA—American Chemical Society, Atla, Benetech, Elsevier, and NISO—in order to make recommendations for other organizations in this space, based on our shared experiences.
From working group to standing committee: A history of diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility work at the Society for Scholarly Publishing
Authors: McLeod Rebecca , Snow Damita , Dormer Nick 
Published: February 2023

Key points
The Society for Scholarly Publishing's (SSP) Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) Committee began as a grassroots initiative in 2016.
Over a a period of 4 years, the committee evolved from a six‐member task force to a large standing team consisting of more than 25 individuals.
The task force developed a strategic plan consisting of three major objectives that formed the basis of the group's strategic initiatives. The committee implemented several DEIA nitiatives that provided education and resources to SSP members about DEIA within their workplaces and promoted DEIA practices in the work that SSP committees were doing on behalf of the organization.
Corrosion mechanism and machinability of 7075‐T6 aluminum alloy in high‐speed cutting: With and without cryogenic treatment
Authors: Zhang Ping , Wang Shunxiang , Lin Zhenyong , Liu Zehua , Liu Junling , Mai Qingqun , Yue Xiujie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work aims to explore the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting force, surface quality, and corrosion resistance of 7075‐T6 aluminum alloy after and without cryogenic treatment. Cryogenically treated (T6‐C) and noncryogenically treated (T6) 7075‐T6 aluminum alloy samples are experimentally cut and electrochemically corroded in a 3.5% NaCl solution. SEM, EDS, and electrochemical analysis are carried out to examine how cutting parameters affect the cutting force, surface quality, and corrosion resistance of cryogenically treated 7075‐T6 aluminum alloy. The results show that after cryogenic treatment, under different cutting speeds, the cutting force is up to 39.8% smaller than without cryogenic treatment; under different cutting depths and feed rates, the cutting force is up to 136% and 21.54% smaller, respectively. Cryogenic treatment dramatically reduces the cutting force in the cutting process. As cutting speed increases, machined surface quality becomes better; fewer corrosion products and cracks are induced. When the cutting depth is 1.5 mm, there are fewer plows and micro‐cracks on the machined surface than under other parameters, but cutting depth does not affect corrosion morphology significantly. The size of corrosion products is up to 55 μm smaller. The electrochemical analysis finds that at the cutting speed of 1500 m/min, after cryogenic treatment, the current density is 59.4% smaller than without cryogenic treatment; polarization resistance is 1.68 × 105Ω•cm2 larger. At the cutting depth of 1.5 mm, after cryogenic treatment, the current density is 66.16% smaller; self‐corrosion potential shifts 0.19 V toward the positive pole. At the feed rate of 0.06 mm/z, after cryogenic treatment, self‐corrosion potential shifts 0.18 V toward the positive pole; polarization resistance is 10.7% larger. These parameters correspond to the best corrosion resistance.
Studies on fly ash/coir/sugarcane reinforced epoxy polymer matrix composite
Authors: Gopalan V. , Rajarajan S. , Wilson M. , Venkatesan J. , Elango M. , Natarajan S. , Rajakumar S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the past years studies were conducted on natural fibre reinforced polymer composites to observe their mechanical properties in order to decide their industrial applications. These composites have already been used in many applications from aerospace to sporting equipment. These green composites can be used as a replacement for synthetic composites. This is because the natural fibres are eco‐friendly, biodegradable, renewable, etc. In this work, an attempt is made to reinforce fly ash, coir fibre and sugarcane fibre with epoxy polymer matrix. Central composite design under response surface methodology (RSM), one of the approaches of design of experiments (DOE) is used to determine optimum sample preparation conditions of fly ash, coir fibre and sugarcane fibre. Both tensile and flexural (three‐point bending) tests are conducted on these fabricated composites to determine their materialistic characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is carried out using Minitab software to find the influence of fly ash, coir fibre, sugarcane fibre on composites. Regression equations obtained from analysis of variance is used to calculate values. Experimental and calculated values are compared and their error % are calculated and tabulated. Response surface optimization study is carried to find the optimized parameters of composites. It is observed that, increase in wt.% of coir fibre and decrease in wt.% of fly ash and sugarcane fibre, increases yield stress and these parameters have mixed impact on ultimate tensile stress. The addition of fly ash, coir fibre and sugarcane fibre in low percentages increases Young's modulus. Increase in wt.% of fly ash and coir fibre and decrease in wt.% of sugarcane, increases flexural modulus and flexural stress.
Statistical analysis and recovery behaviors of dislocations in cold‐rolled and annealed reactor pressure vessel steels
Authors: Liu H. , Wang M. , Du B. , Ge X. , Fan B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe statistical analysis and recovery behavior of dislocations in cold‐rolled and annealed reactor pressure vessel steels with a thickness reduction of 50 % were investigated by using x‐ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction analysis in this study. A new modified Kubin & Mortensen's method was proposed to evaluate the geometrically necessary dislocation density, and this method could effectively improve the accuracy of geometrically necessary dislocation evaluation by eliminating the effect of step size and measurement noises. Comparison analysis between modified Williamson‐Hall and modified Kubin & Mortensen's methods was also performed in this study, which shows different recovery behavior of dislocations. The electron backscattered diffraction results show that geometrically necessary dislocation density remained unchangeable after annealing treatment below and at 550 °C, and it occurred to decrease above 550 °C due to the occurrence of recrystallization. However, dislocations started to migrate and annihilate at 340 °C according to x‐ray diffraction results. A possible explanation is a difference in the effect of pairwise dislocation annihilation on statistically stored dislocations and geometrically necessary dislocations.