bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REGULATORY PROFILES AND POTENTIALLY BURDENSOME TRANSITIONS AMONG ASSISTED LIVING DECEDENTS
Authors: Wang Xiao (Joyce) , Smith Lindsey , Teno Joan , Rosendaal Nicole , Dosa David , Gozalo Pedro , Thomas Kali , Belanger Emma 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Potentially burdensome transitions at the end of life (i.e. repeated hospitalizations or transitions in the last 3 days of life) are common among assisted living (AL) residents, and are associated with lower care satisfaction by family members. AL regulations vary widely within and between states. This study aimed to describe the rate of burdensome transitions by AL regulatory profile, using a retrospective cohort study combining state AL regulations and multiple administrative claims data. The sample included 4,911 ALs serving 67,319 residents, who 1) died between 2017 and 2019; 2) resided in AL 120 days before death; 3) were continuously enrolled as fee-for-service one-year before death; and 4) resided in ALs with 25+ beds. The independent variable was a categorical variable indicating AL regulatory profile (i.e. housing, hybrid, hospitality, healthcare, rebalancing, hybrid healthcare), identified with a previously published methodology. These profiles differ in the allowance of third-party services, skilled nursing, medication administration, and requirements for medication review and licensed nursing staff. We first ran regression models to estimate the rate of burdensome transitions, accounting for AL-level resident demographic, socioeconomic, case-mix, and market characteristics. Results showed ‘hybrid’ ALs (i.e. low prevalence of skilled nursing allowed) had the highest rate of burdensome transitions (24.9%), whereas ‘healthcare’ ALs (i.e. high specificity for all types of services) had the lowest rate (22.2%). The rate of potentially burdensome transitions did not differ much by AL regulatory types, requiring more work to determine the drivers for burdensome transitions beyond AL regulations.
THE EXPERIENCES OF PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ENGLAND
Authors: Beach Brian , Zaninotto Paola 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges that may have impacted people with cognitive impairment in disproportionate ways. Using the ELSA COVID-19 sub-study collected in 2020, we examined the experiences of people across three cognitive function groups (no impairment, mild impairment, and dementia) with respect to a range of social and health outcomes, including: shielding and self-isolation; access to health and care services; changes in lifestyle behaviours during the pandemic, and the impacts on mental health, wellbeing, and other psychosocial measures. Differences among cognitive function groups varied according to both outcomes and time. For example, people with dementia were around 2.4 times more likely to be shielding in June/July than those with no impairment, but no difference was found for November/December. On many measures, people with dementia fared similarly to those with no impairment once controlling for other factors.
ASSOCIATION OF HEALTH BEHAVIORS WITH WEIGHT AND OBESITY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG THE UK OLDER POPULATION
Authors: Zhu Jingmin , Gessa Giorgio Di , Zaninotto Paola 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using a sample of 4,182 UK adults aged 50 and above, this study explored the association of changes in health behaviours with weight and obesity during UK lockdown in Jun/Jul and Nov/Dec 2020. Over 30% adults reported more sitting, more TV watching or less exercise. Around 20% adults were engaged in eating more or sleeping less. More alcohol drinking happened in 12.3% adults. Results suggested that more sedentariness, more TV watching, less exercise, more eating and more alcohol drinking were associated with a significant increase in weight. Meanwhile, less sedentariness or less eating significantly reduced weight in Nov/Dec 2020. A higher risk of obesity was found in adults sitting, eating, or sleeping more than usual. Considering potential health risks associated with obesity in older population, weight management is necessary nationwide.
USE OF RWD TO GENERATE RWE IN THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SETTING: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: DiBello Julia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is considerable interest by many stakeholder groups in developing new therapies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increasing interest in the treatment of pre-clinical disease and measurement of associated long term outcomes using RWD is being explored as the use of RCTs in this context can be limited. Many challenges exist in generating RWE to support regulatory submissions in this disease population including lack of important clinical variables such as disease severity and progression in existing data sources. We will discuss the AD RWD landscape with a focus on challenges and future directions for the use of RWD to generate RWE supportive of regulatory submissions for pharmaceutical products.
SENESCENCE AND INFLAMMATION
Authors: Schafer Marissa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cell senescence and inflammation are interconnected mediators of aging and age-related disease. Recent advances in molecular and cellular profiling methods and research models are aiding in our ability to decipher mechanisms through which senescent cells drive inflammatory dysfunction, and inversely, to discover mechanisms through which aging immune cells may drive senescence, inflammation, and pathology. This symposium will feature exciting advances that span the emerging conceptual framework of how senescence and inflammation influence mammalian aging. Dr. Birgit Schilling will discuss the use of advanced mass spectrometric methods for profiling the senescent cell proteome, which reveal new insights into protein pathways and mechanisms of aging and disease. Dr. Matt Yousefzadeh will share how endogenous DNA damage can invoke cellular senescence, which enhances inflammation in both a cell autonomous and non-autonomous manner to drive tissue dysfunction and impact health. Dr. Daniel Tyrrell will discuss discovery of a novel population of age-associated CD8 T-cells that enhance local tissue senescence and inflammation and promote atherosclerosis. Dr. Xu Zhang will share a characterization of senescent cells in skeletal muscle using single-cell RNA-sequencing and the potential recruitment of immune cells by senescent fibroadipogenic progenitors. Dr. Marissa Schafer will discuss cell senescence as a mediator of age-related brain inflammatory cell composition and senescent cell targeting as a strategy to prevent cognitive decline. Importantly, discoveries discussed in this symposium may reveal new avenues for therapeutic development, to ultimately improve human healthspan.
CUEING EFFECT ON DUAL TASK COORDINATION AMONG YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Hu Yue , Fung Helene 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dual task coordination, which refers to the ability to coordinate the cognitive processes involved in performing two tasks with a temporal overlap, is evident in many if not all situations in the daily life of the older adults. The dual-task performance of older adults has been shown to be associated with driving performance, risk of falls, risk of car accidents and the absence of mild cognitive impairment. However, some researchers found that healthy older adults had worse dual-task performance than their younger counterparts, whereas other researchers found no age difference in dual-task performance. To address the mixed findings, the present work examined the effect of cue words on dual task coordination based on the selection, optimization, and compensation model. A total of 65 younger adults (24 females, mean age 21.80±1.99) and 91 older adults (36 females, mean age 65.38±5.61) were recruited via the platform Prolific. All participants judged the orientation of two arrows displayed with a shorter or longer temporal overlap. Before the onset of the first arrow, “difficult”, “easy” or a blank screen occurred on the computer screen. A significant cue effect was detected among younger adults regardless of the cue word. Yet, older adults had better dual-task performance under the condition of “difficult” cue word as compared with the other conditions. The findings highlight the potentially crucial role of higher expected task difficulty in preparing older adults to compensate for their age-related decline in dual-task coordination.
STATE AND TRAIT INFLUENCES OF REPETITIVE NEGATIVE THINKING ON WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE
Authors: Harrington Karra , Slayday Riki , Scott Stacey , Sliwinski Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) has been associated with faster cognitive decline and accumulation of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in otherwise healthy older adults. According to the cognitive debt hypothesis, RNT functions as a psychological mechanism that depletes cognitive resources and increases vulnerability for dementia. The aim of this project was to examine trait and state RNT influences on working memory performance in daily life. Data for this project were drawn from the ESCAPE study, a systematic probability sample recruited from residents of the Bronx, NY. Participants (n = 265, aged 25-65, 64.9% female) completed brief ecological momentary assessments on a smartphone five times per day for 14 days, including ratings of current thought valence (pleasant-unpleasant) and a brief working memory task. Multi-level models were used to disaggregate trait (between-person) and state (within-person) effects of thought valence on working memory performance, while controlling for demographic and contextual covariates. The models also included linear and quadratic functions of time and session number to account for time of day and retest effects on working memory performance across the assessment period. At moments when individuals were experiencing more unpleasant thoughts than usual (state RNT), they made significantly more errors on the working memory assessment (β= 0.013, SE = 0.004, p = .002). However, there was no significant relationship between trait RNT and working memory performance. The results of this study provide support for the potential for RNT to deplete cognitive resources in the moment, thus contributing to poorer cognitive performance.
SHIFT IN ACTIVITY PATTERNS AMONG OLDER ADULTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Huang Wenxuan , Yu Jiao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous research has discovered significant heterogeneity in older adults’ activity patterns, as well as its associations with well-being. Studying activity pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic sheds new light on infection risks and coping strategies stratified by socioeconomic status. This study answers two research questions: (1) what are the typical activity patterns among older adults in the U.S.? and (2) how do different sociodemographic groups react to the COVID-19 pandemic by alternating activity pattern? Data: This study used data from the American Time Use Survey (2019 and 2020) to create an analytic sample of 5,068 older adults aged 65 and older. Method: First, we classified daily activity sequences into five typical activity patterns using cluster analysis. Second, we conducted multinomial logistic regression by including survey year and key covariates interactions to examine shifts between sociodemographic characteristics and activity pattern. Findings: We identified five distinct activity patterns including versatile (involves diverse types of activities), housework (daytime occupied by housework activities), work-centered (daytime dominated by paid work), leisure-intensive (long time spent in social and leisure activities), and inactive (intensive TV watching). Our findings show that SES does not affect predicted membership of the versatile group in pre-pandemic time, while an educational gradient becomes salient in 2020. Highly educated older adults are more likely to maintain the diversity of daily activities. Furthermore, the racial difference is more pronounced in the inactive group during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest a buffering effect of social advantages on the impact of public health crisis.
DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF LEISURE ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT AND CONSTRAINTS IN OLDER ADULT POPULATIONS
Authors: Sardina Angie , Gamaldo Alyssa , Gamaldo Alyssa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults engage in approximately 7.1 hours/day in leisure activities; however, much of the leisure activity engagement comprises of passive activity engagement (e.g., watching TV). An increasing amount of literature suggests that regular engagement in cognitively and physically stimulating activities, rather than strictly passive activity engagement, is associated with better physical and mental health as well as maintenance of social networks. As the aging population continues to increase and levels and types of activity engagement are shifting across our more diverse older adult populations, it is imperative to understand levels and types of activities older adults are participating in, as well as the psychosocial and contextual factors related to leisure activity engagement. This symposium will include presentations from studies that explore the following: (1) leisure activity interests, engagement, and constraints; and (2) determinants and/or consequences of leisure activity engagement. Specifically, Sardina and colleagues examined daily variability between affect and leisure engagement, and explored potential sociodemographic moderators for these associations. Tian and colleagues explored the association between leisure activities and modes of transportation. Tian and colleagues explored leisure activity engagement with prospective daily diary methods, and examined associations between leisure activities and physical health. Janke and colleagues explored associations between facilitators, constraints, and constraint negotiation and self-reported physical activity levels for older adults with arthritis.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OLDER ADULTS' LEISURE ACTIVITIES: A DAILY DIARY INVESTIGATION
Authors: Tian Junyan , Stephan Abigail , Ross Lesley 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Leisure activity engagement in older adults’ daily lives is well-documented, however, relatively few studies include participant-reported activities using prospective daily diary methods. The goal of the study was to examine the proportion of three types of reported leisure activities and how physical health moderated such activities. Two weeks of self-reported leisure activities examined among healthy sedentary community-dwelling adults from the Cognitive and Physical Exercise Study (N=33, 65-81 years, 442 unique data points). Each day, participants listed leisure activities performed, estimated time spent on each activity, and labeled the activities as cognitive, physical, and/or social. Physical health was assessed by the SF-12 at baseline. Across 14 days, 25.14% of reported activities were labeled as cognitive activities, 26.61% were labeled as social activities, and 22.97% were labeled as physical activities. Multilevel models indicated participants’ engagement in different domains of activities were not influenced by physical health and did not change over time.
DIVERSITY, DISCOVERY, AND AGING REIMAGINED: NIA SESSION FOR EARLY-CAREER RESEARCHERS
Authors: Kelley Melinda , Kelley Melinda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The National Institute on Aging (NIA) at the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, supports biomedical and behavioral research with a lifespan focus. NIA research seeks to understand the basic processes of aging, improve prevention and treatment of diseases in later life, and improve the health of older persons, in addition to a focus on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. NIA also supports the training and career development of scientists focusing on aging research and the development of research resources. This symposium, meant for junior faculty and emerging scholars, will provide an update on the latest research findings from NIA followed by a segment on funding mechanisms and strategies. An opportunity will be provided to meet and consult with NIA extramural staff.
COGNITIVE DIFFICULTIES AMONG ASIAN AMERICAN OLDER ADULTS: RESULTS FROM THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY
Authors: Nguyen Duy , Liu Rui , Lee Yookyong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While Asians are the fastest growing racial group in the United States, limited research exists on their health needs, especially among older adults. Cognitive difficulties increase disease and caregiving burdens, but little is known about patterns of cognitive health among Asian American older adults. This study fills the knowledge gap by using data from the 2015-2019 American Community Surveys to examine the relationship between Asian ethnicity and gender on cognitive health. This analysis focuses on respondents aged 65 and over from the six most populous Asian American groups: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese (n=100,538). Weighted, adjusted logistic regression analyses tested for the effects of Asian ethnicity and gender on cognitive difficulties. Multivariate analyses showed Filipino, Indian, and Vietnamese older adults were more likely than Chinese to report cognitive difficulties. Additionally, Asian American women were more likely to report cognitive difficulties compared to Asian American men. Joint effect analyses were statistically significant, thus we examined separate regression analyses by Asian ethnicity. Results showed that Vietnamese women were more likely than Vietnamese men to report cognitive difficulties. Across Asian ethnic groups, family relationships and economic factors play a major role in having a cognitive difficulty. Overall, the results suggest that ethnic-specific analysis of the Asian American reveals a fuller picture of health in older adulthood. Future research needs to dive more deeply into the sociocultural and economic dimensions of health. Further, culturally appropriate policy and practices are needed to promote successful aging among older Asian Americans.
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMBEDDED PRAGMATIC DEMENTIA RESEARCH
Authors: Boltz Marie , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Baier Rosa , Sefcik Justine , Hodgson Nancy , Kolanowski Ann 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Organizational readiness for implementation refers to the collective willingness and efficacy of people, processes, and internal and external contexts within study sites to implement an intervention; it is a salient consideration when planning and conducting embedded pragmatic trials. This paper examines the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of organizational readiness for implementation and the operationalization of the construct. We synthesize the literature to offer a conceptual model for explicating and measuring organizational readiness for implementation and describe the unique characteristics and demands of implementing evidence-based interventions targeting persons with dementia and/or their care partners. Our model was derived from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and Weiner’s Determinants and Outcomes of Organizational Readiness for Change. We discuss how it can serve as a guide when planning and conducting embedded pragmatic implementation trials in settings that care for persons with dementia.
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY IN HOUSING WITH SERVICES: INSIGHTS FROM R3 PROGRAM
Authors: Nadash Pamela , Miller Edward , Simpson Elizabeth , Wylie Molly , Shellito Natalie , Lin Yan , Jansen Taylor , Cohen Marc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There has been a long-standing interest in developing housing models that integrate the supportive services that older people need to remain at home as long as possible. This approach has boomed for better-off people who can afford the cost of private-pay independent living and assisted living environments. For those with fewer resources, however, options are limited, given that they are largely dependent on public financing. This study focuses on how to develop sustainable models of housing with services for low-income older people. Using data from 31 key informant interviews and three focus groups, it reports and analyzes expert perspectives on how programs such as R3 can achieve financial sustainability. Four major themes emerged: (1) funding as the key to sustaining housing with services; (2) funding housing with services through participating health plans; (3) other potential funding sources for housing with services; and (4) gaining buy-in for housing with services.
WHEN AND WHERE: LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT TECHNOLOGY FROM AN INTERVENTION FOR CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Saylor Martha Abshire , Clair Catherine , Pavlovic Noelle , Nelson Katie , DeGroot Lyndsay , Taylor Janiece , Szanton Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Use of technology in older adult populations is growing, therefore it is important to understand opportunities for healthcare initiatives that support older adults using technology. The aim of the pilot study was to test Caregiver Support, a self-care and social support intervention, for caregivers of persons living with heart failure (N=24). Originally, the protocol was designed with in-person visits. We expected this option to reduce participant burden: the caregiver would not have to travel, and the interventionist would gain more insight about the home context to aid with intervention delivery. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it became necessary to conduct the visits virtually. All participants completed the 5-component intervention via virtual meeting and there were no dropouts related to technology use. When asked about the virtual modality, participants emphasized the flexibility of virtual meetings. In summary, the intervention visits conducted virtually were perceived as a caregiver-centered approach.
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF MUSCLE, MOBILITY, AND AGING (SOMMA) AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Cummings Steven , Newman Anne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
SOMMA is a new cohort study conducted at Wake Forest and University of Pittsburgh, coordinated by the San Francisco Coordinating Center, with management of biological specimens by Adventist Health Research Institute. We aim to discover the biological basis of mobility disability and have collected tissues and measurements for future studies of the biology of human aging. SOMMA has enrolled ~875 older men and women (aged □70 years), and will follow-up participants by phone and in-person every six months for up to three years. An additional cohort of younger adults (aged 30-69) is being enrolled. In this symposium, we will describe the underlying conceptual construct for the study; the baseline characteristics of the cohort; recruitment techniques to enroll participants. We will present preliminary data from ~425 participants, including the association between mitochondrial energetics and muscle function (strength and power); the interrelationship between physical and cognitive measures; and the association of D3Cr muscle mass with strength and walking speed. Finally, we will describe how to obtain data and specimens for analyses and ancillary studies.