bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel tandem spondylolisthesis associated with a reduced "safe zone" for a transpsoas lateral lumbar interbody fusion at L4–5
Authors: Oyekan Anthony , Dalton Jonathan , Fourman Mitchell S. , Ridolfi Dominic , Cluts Landon , Couch Brandon , Shaw Jeremy D. , Donaldson William , Lee Joon Y. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) on psoas anatomy and the L4–5 safe zone during lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF).

METHODS
In this retrospective, single-institution analysis, patients managed for low-back pain between 2016 and 2021 were identified. Inclusion criteria were adequate lumbar MR images and radiographs. Exclusion criteria were spine trauma, infection, metastases, transitional anatomy, or prior surgery. There were three age and sex propensity-matched cohorts: 1) controls without DS; 2) patients with single-level DS (SLDS); and 3) patients with multilevel, tandem DS (TDS). Axial T2-weighted MRI was used to measure the apical (ventral) and central positions of the psoas relative to the posterior tangent line at the L4–5 disc. Lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and PI-LL mismatch were measured on lumbar radiographs. The primary outcomes were apical and central psoas positions at L4–5, which were calculated using stepwise multivariate linear regression including demographics, spinopelvic parameters, and degree of DS. Secondary outcomes were associations between single- and multilevel DS and spinopelvic parameters, which were calculated using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for between-group comparisons.

RESULTS
A total of 230 patients (92 without DS, 92 with SLDS, and 46 with TDS) were included. The mean age was 68.0 ± 8.9 years, and 185 patients (80.4%) were female. The mean BMI was 31.0 ± 7.1, and the mean age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aCCI) was 4.2 ± 1.8. Age, BMI, sex, and aCCI were similar between the groups. Each increased grade of DS (no DS to SLDS to TDS) was associated with significantly increased PI (p < 0.05 for all relationships). PT, PI-LL mismatch, center psoas, and apical position were all significantly greater in the TDS group than in the no-DS and SLDS groups (p < 0.05). DS severity was independently associated with 2.4-mm (95% CI 1.1–3.8 mm) center and 2.6-mm (95% CI 1.2–3.9 mm) apical psoas anterior displacement per increased grade (increasing from no DS to SLDS to TDS).

CONCLUSIONS
TDS represents more severe sagittal malalignment (PI-LL mismatch), pelvic compensation (PT), and changes in the psoas major muscle compared with no DS, and SLDS and is a risk factor for lumbar plexus injury during L4–5 LLIF due to a smaller safe zone.
How dimensions can guide surgical planning and training: a systematic review of Kambin’s triangle
Authors: Waguia Kouam Romaric , Tabarestani Troy Q. , Sykes David A. W. , Gupta Nithin , Futch Brittany G. , Kakmou Elisabeth , Goodwin C. Rory , Foster Norah A. , Than Khoi D. , Wiggins Walter F. , Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to analyze the current literature to determine dimensional trends across the lumbar levels of Kambin’s triangle, clarify the role of imaging techniques for preoperative planning, and understand the effect of inclusion of the superior articular process (SAP). This compiled knowledge of the triangle is needed to perform successful procedures, reduce nerve root injuries, and help guide surgeons in training.

METHODS
The authors performed a search of multiple databases using combinations of keywords: Kambin’s triangle, size, measurement, safe triangle, and bony triangle. Articles were included if their main findings included measurement of Kambin’s triangle. The PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Cochrane, Embase, and Medline databases were systematically searched for English-language articles with no time frame restrictions through July 2022.

RESULTS
Eight studies comprising 132 patients or cadavers were included in the study. The mean ± SD age was 66.69 ± 9.6 years, and 53% of patients were male. Overall, the size of Kambin’s triangle increased in area moving down vertebral levels, with L5–S1 being the largest (133.59 ± 4.36 mm2). This trend followed a linear regression model when SAP was kept (p = 0.008) and removed (p = 0.003). There was also a considerable increase in the size of Kambin’s triangle if the SAP was removed.

CONCLUSIONS
Here, the authors have provided the first reported systematic review of the literature of Kambin’s triangle, its measurements at each lumbar level, and key areas of debate related to the definition of the working safe zone. These findings indicate that CT is heavily utilized for imaging of the safe zone, the area of Kambin’s triangle tends to increase caudally, and variation exists between patients. Future studies should focus on using advanced imaging techniques for preoperative planning and establishing guidelines for surgeons.
Diagnosis and treatment of phrenic nerve hourglass constriction in patients with Parsonage-Turner syndrome
Authors: CreveCoeur Travis S. , Visco Christopher J. , Ginsburg Mark E. , Winfree Christopher J. 
Published: January 2023

Phrenic nerve injury can occur anywhere along its course and clinically results in diaphragm paralysis. Although most patients with Parsonage-Turner syndrome and phrenic nerve dysfunction improve without treatment, some patients do not recover spontaneously. In these cases, an initial autoimmune response produces scarring along the affected nerve(s). This scar, known as an hourglass constriction, causes focal compression of the nerve at the site of the scar, which prevents the nerve from spontaneously recovering. Thus, the authors present a unique case of phrenic nerve injury secondary to Parsonage-Turner syndrome that improved with internal neurolysis.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.10.FOCVID22105
Effect of laser on erythrocytes sedimentation rate and some hematological parameters
Authors: Shaker Eman A. , Rasheed Nabaa A , Salman Zainab R. 
Published: January 2023

Background: This study was conducted in pursuit of gaining an understand effects of the low level laser irradiation on whole blood is very essential way in revealing the mechanisms of the action of laser radiation on biological tissues.Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the in vitroeffect of laser radiation on some hematological parameters and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Subject and Method: Blood samples were obtained from 30 healthy volunteers, each sample was divided into four new samples, one of them was considered as control while the other three were exposed to three different laser doses. Thewavelength of532nm was used for irradiation with 4mm diameter beam spot on blood samples, with power density of 796.17mW/cm2. The irradiation times were 1.8, 3.7and 6.2 secand so the different doses of irradiation 1.5,3 and 5 J/cm2, respectively.Results: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was measured after laser irradiation and compared with un-irradiated control sample. The results of this study showed thaterythrocyte sedimentation rate value increased significantly with a dose of 1.5J/cm² but not with the othertwo doses’ values in male persons but not in females. Moreover, the mean cell volume shows significant decrement post irradiation.Conclusion: Laser irradiation induces physical changes in red blood cell membrane permeability and blood viscosity and consequently alters erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Poetrys’ Code
Authors: Ahmed Trifa Omar , Ahmed Muhammad Karim 
Published: January 2023

Common conceptual metaphors are used in poetry, as part of the conceptual metaphor theory, that enables poets to express their poetic images and depict their world through a mixture of language and cultural codes. This study is an attempt to show how conceptual poetic metaphors are illustrated in Kurdish poems by analysing source and target domains. According to the theory, the target domain which is the metaphor emerges from the source domain, that is generally the source of our common knowledge of the world. This leads speakers and listeners to easily categorise and make sense of the abstract terms. In this research, samples of poems were analyzed and categorized according to four types of conceptual metaphors such as imagistic, orientational, ontological and structural. They were also given two codes in reference to both aforementioned domains. Therefore, the Mapping between the two sources in the literary samples was observed and shown in the present paper.
An Intersemiotic Analysis of the Arabic Dubbed Version of Disney’s Frozen Let it Go
Authors: El-Nashar Mohamed , El Shazly Reham , Attia Yasmeen 
Published: January 2023

: In today’s digital environment, verbal, visual and sound resources constantly collaborate to construct meaning in the audiovisual mediascape. Audiovisual Translation (AVT) studies have thus shifted focus to examine how such multimodal orchestration and meaning shifts are captured and transferred from one culture to another. Songs’ AVT in animated musicals imposes (non)verbal constraints on translators who have to adapt/adjust to transfer not only the verbal and visual codes but also the musical. This article examines the intersemiotic relations among the three different semiotic modes when dubbing Let it Go from English into Arabic. It builds on Reus’ (2020a/b) Triangle of Aspects to fit both academic and practical purposes. The results suggest that dubbing a song mainly relies on a quadrangular of parameters: meaning-making, technical, interpretative, and performative elements of translation. Verbally, the findings indicated that the translator oscillated between full adherence to disregard of the semantic meaning. Nonverbally, the findings revealed mixed results regarding the OS-DS (in)congruencies in which the translator foregrounded and/or backgrounded certain aspects to conform to imposed constraints. Four different intermodal relations were identified: addition, enhancement, modification, and deletion. This study offers a methodological contribution to the AVT scholarship, positing a framework that can be systematically followed in future research.
عز الدين القسام سيرته ودوره السياسي في فلسطين حتى 1936
Authors: م. م. سعدي يونس زاير السوداني  
Published: January 2023

يعد عز الدين القسام احد ابرز الثوار الفلسطينين في القرن العشرين، فقد استطاع الرجل منذ ولادته في بيئة اسلامية محافظة، ومن ثم دراسته في جامع الازهر ، ان يكون لنفسه طريقا خاصاً لقيادة المقاومة الفلسطينية المسلحة ، وذلك عبر تشكيل منظمات فدائية عدة لتتويج ذلك بثورة عملاقة في عام 1936 التي لازالت صداها في نفوس الثوار الفلسطينين.
من هذا المنطلق ، ازددت رغبة وحماسة لان اكتب بحثا عن عز الدين القسام ، وقد قسمت البحث الى اربعة مباحث تناول الاول منها ، مولد القسام ونشأته في سوريا ونشاطه فيها ضد القوات الفرنسية ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد سلط الضوء على نشاطه السياسي وجهاده ضد المستعمرين الفرنسيين في سوريا ، في حين ركز المبحث الثالث على القوة السياسية الفلسطينية في تلك المرحلة والاعداد للثورة ، اما المبحث الرابع والاخير ، فقد تناول اعلان الثورة واستشهاد القسام.
فاعلية انموذجي مارزانو ودورة التعلم السباعية في تحصيل مادة التاريخ عند طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي واتجاههم نحو المادة
Authors: م.د محمد ابراهيم علي  
Published: January 2023

يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة فاعلية انموذجي مارزانو ودورة التعلم السباعية في تحصيل مادة التاريخ عند طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي واتجاههم نحو المادة.
تكونت عينة البحث من (105)طلاب وتم اختيارها قصديا من اعدادية (الفارابي) التابعة الى المديرية العامة لتربية الكرخ الثانية للعام الدراسي(2014-2015)، وقد وزعوا على ثلاث مجموعات متكافئة بواقع (35) طالبا في المجموعة التجريبية الاولى التي درست على وفق انموذج مارزانو، اما المجموعة التجريبية الثانية فكانت (36) طالبا ودرست على وفق انموذج دورة التعلم السباعية، اما المجموعة الثالثة وهي الضابطة فبلغت (34) طالبا ودرست وفق الطريقة التقليدية، اما اداة البحث فكانت اختبارا تحصيليا تالف من(40) فقرة من نوع الاختبار من الموضوعية والمقالية، تاكد الباحث من صدقه بعد عرضه على مجموعة من الخبراء وحصل على (80%)، وبلغ ثباته(80%) وكافأ الباحث المجموعات الثلاث في عدد من المتغيرات وهي(الذكاء ، المعلومات السابقة، والتحصيل الدراسي للابوين)
مراحل تطور الفكر التاريخي عند المسلمين
Authors: م. د. هيام مرزه نور  
Published: January 2023

تكتسب المؤلفات التاريخية العامة اهميتها من مكانة المؤرخين ودورهم في حياة الأمة ومتابعتهم للأحداث والوقائع السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية وتسجيل ظواهرها وتطوراتها المختلفة ، وان دراسة تلك المؤلفات تفيد الباحث في معرفة تطور الكتابة التاريخية واساليبها المنهجية عبر المراحل المتعاقبة ابتداء من تطور الوعي لدى الإنسان بحاجته الى استلهام الحكمة والموعظة من الماضين فضلا عن حاجته الى تسخير التاريخ لخدمته .
عندها يكون التاريخ قد بدأ مع التدوين . اما المسلمون فقد عرفوا بعض المفاهيم ذات الدلالة التاريخية من خلال القرآن الكريم مثل عبارات اساطير الاولين ، قصص الاولين ، انباء الرسل ، انباء القرى ، ولقرون الاولى ، الصحف الاولى، التي عبرت بشكل واضح عن احداث الماضين .
educación de la virtud de la amistad en la enseñanza de la ciencia económica
Authors: Flores-Castro Lingán Gonzalo 
Published: January 2023

En el presente trabajo se expone la necesidad de la educación de la amistad en el contexto del egoísmo inherente en las facultades relacionadas a las ciencias económicas. Además, presentamos las dificultades de la enseñanza de la amistad, en especial, la necesidad de sistematicidad y operatividad propia de las ciencias prácticas. Se presenta la aproximación filosófica de la amistad en Aristóteles, como supuesto explícito para desarrollar dar ciertos criterios para sistematizar y operativizar la amistad, con un seguimiento a la teoría de la acción humana de Juan Antonio Pérez López. Se concluye con la obtención de criterios básicos para la génesis, desarrollo y mantenimiento de la amistad, a la evaluación consistente de los planes de acción y el uso de motivación racional por motivos trascendentes. Se sugiere el uso del método del caso para la enseñanza y aplicación de planes consistentes y desarrollo de la racionalidad.
FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN DAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DAERAH ENDEMIS KECAMATAN GADING CEMPAKA KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Helfi Nolia  , Erba Kalto  
Published: January 2023

Incidence Rate (IR) of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Bengkulu Province in 2011 was reported 129.76 per 100,000 population and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was reported 1.73%. Data obtained from Bengkulu City Health Services, was showed that DHF cases was increased since 2008, and in 2011 was reported of 403 cases. The incidence of DHF cases in Gading Cempaka Sub District was 139 in 2011. Epidemiological studies was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with DHF incidence, Ae.aegypti mosquito resistance to malathion and temephos and distance index of the distribution was conducted in Sub District Gading Cempaka, Bengkulu city in 2011. The study was conducted in an effort to decide an appropriate vector control method to be applied in the study area. There for determine risk factors of DHF transmission such as dwelling density, indoor illumination , larvae free index (LFI), regular household sanitation or clean-up campaigns (to dry of, cover and bury/the vector habitats cleaning), and cloth hanging habit the incidence of DHF, the Ae. aegypti mosquito resistance to malathion and temefos and distance index of DHF cases.
Comparison of Prognostic Accuracy of 3 Delirium Prediction Models
Authors: Amerongen Hilde van Nieuw , Stapel Sandra , Spijkstra Jan Jaap , Ouweneel Dagmar , Schenk Jimmy 
Published: January 2023

Background
Delirium is a severe complication in critical care patients. Accurate prediction could facilitate determination of which patients are at risk. In the past decade, several delirium prediction models have been developed.

Objectives
To compare the prognostic accuracy of the PRE-DELIRIC, E-PRE-DELIRIC, and Lanzhou models, and to investigate the difference in prognostic accuracy of the PRE-DELIRIC model between patients receiving and patients not receiving mechanical ventilation.

Methods
This retrospective study involved adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit during a 2-year period. Delirium was assessed by using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit or any administered dose of haloperidol or quetiapine. Model discrimination was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC); values were compared using the DeLong test.

Results
The study enrolled 1353 patients. The AUC values were calculated as 0.716 (95% CI, 0.688–0.745), 0.681 (95% CI, 0.650–0.712), and 0.660 (95% CI, 0.629–0.691) for the PRE-DELIRIC, E-PRE-DELIRIC, and Lanzhou models, respectively. The difference in model discrimination was statistically significant for comparison of the PRE-DELIRIC with the E-PRE-DELIRIC (AUC difference, 0.035; P = .02) and Lanzhou models (AUC difference, 0.056; P &lt; .001). In the PRE-DELIRIC model, the AUC was 0.711 (95% CI, 0.680–0.743) for patients receiving mechanical ventilation and 0.664 (95% CI, 0.586–0.742) for those not receiving it (difference, 0.047; P = .27).

Conclusion
Statistically significant differences in prognostic accuracy were found between delirium prediction models. The PRE-DELIRIC model was the best-performing model and can be used in patients receiving or not receiving mechanical ventilation.
B Lymphocyte Differentiation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kearney John F. , Cooper Max D. , Lawton Alexander R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-(LPS) induced differentiation of mouse B lymphocytes to cells synthesizing large amounts of cytoplasmic IgM and IgG2 could be suppressed by antibodies to µ-chains. Maximal inhibition of LPS-induced differentiation was associated with increased cellular proliferation as measured by incorporation of 3H-thymidine, whereas treatment with anti-µ alone over a wide dosage range did not stimulate cellular proliferation. Spleen cells from newborn mice were suppressed by concentrations of anti-µ several hundred-fold lower than required for adult spleen cells; the adult pattern of susceptibility to suppression was acquired by 1 week of age. No significant differences in susceptibility to anti-µ were found in comparisons of adult spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, and Peyer's patch lymphocytes.
Evidence for a T* Intermediate in the Antibody-Complement Mediated Killing of Tumor Cells
Authors: Boyle M. D. P. , Ohanian S. H. , Borsos T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The ascitic form of a chemically induced guinea pig hepatoma cell, line-1, can be killed with antibody and guinea pig complement (GPC). The rate and extent of killing, in the presence of excess complement, is dependent on the concentration of antibody used to sensitize the cells. By using a limiting dilution of antibody, it was possible to demonstrate a temporal difference between the fixation of complement and death of the cell. This suggested that in addition to the fixation of complement there was a further intrinsic transformation step leading to cell lysis and that this step was rate limiting. Experiments were performed to determine if, in this tumor system, an intermediate equivalent to E* in the sheep red cell system was formed.
The postulated T* was prepared by incubating line-1 cells with a limiting dilution of anti-Forssman antibody and GPC for 5 min at 37°C. At this time the cells were washed free of unbound complement.
The Role of Complement in the Production of Sudden Death in Rabbits by Administration of Arachidonic Acid
Authors: Dalmasso A. P. , Reyes P. A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It has been reported that the rapid i.v. injection of a small dose of arachidonic acid (AA) into rabbits caused severe respiratory distress and death within 3 min; this was due to the formation of fibrin-free platelet thrombi in the lung microvasculature (M. J. Silver et al., Science 183:1085, 1974.) We performed similar experiments in normal and C6 deficient rabbits and found that 1.4 mg AA/Kg killed 100% of normals but only 36% of C6D. All animals that died had similar symptomatology of severe respiratory distress and the lung vessels contained many platelet thrombi. Most C6D that survived had no respiratory difficulty, even after repeating the administration of AA within 30 to 60 min. The platelet count (% of preinjection value) 30 sec after the injection of AA was 30% in normals and the C6D that died, and 85% in the C6D that survived.
Hereditary C1r Deficiency: Lack of Linkage to the HL-A Region in Two Families
Authors: Day N. K. , Rubinstein P. , de Bracco M. , Moncada B. , Good R. A. , Hansen J. , Dupont B. , Jersild C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Linkage between MHC (major histocompatibility complex) in man and genes responsible for some C components (C2, C4, Factor B) has been described. In contrast, independent segregation has been established for genetic variants of C3 and C6. We report here linkage studies of two families (CC, MF) with C1r deficiency. The following markers were studied: C1r levels (family CC), HL-A, Factor B and MLC (mixed lymphocyte reactivity). In the family CC, as in family MF, C1r° gene was found to be inherited in a straight-forward Mendelian fashion. Linkage to the HL-A region, suggested by the C1r-deficient homozygote CC which was homozygous for HL-A2,W10, MLC and BfT, was ruled out by the independent segregation of 2,W10;T haplotype from the C1r° gene. MLC studies were consistent with the HL-A and Bf typing. Bf typing enabled the differentiation of two HL-A2,W10 serologically identical HL-A haplotypes, one of which was linked to BfT and the other to BfS.
Separation of Human β1C Antigen from Hemolytic C3 Activity
Authors: Hoffman L. G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
After four cycles of gel filtration through a pair of 2.5- × 50-cm columns of agarose-acrylamide gel (LKB “Utrogel” AcA-34), a partially purified preparation of human C3 yielded distinct but overlapping peaks of β1C and hemolytic C3 activity. Each fraction was analyzed for β1C by single radial immunodiffusion against a monospecific anti-β1C/β1A antiserum and for C3 activity by a newly developed steady-state hemolytic assay which produced a linear dose response. The antigen eluted before the hemolytic activity; the separation between peaks was 7 fractions, whereas the width of each peak at half-height was about 15 fractions. Thus, the elution behavior of the two peaks was the opposite of what would be expected if most of the antigen represented a hemolytically inactive fragment of C3. The simplest explanation of these results is that β1C and C3 are distinct but physicochemically similar molecules, as first suggested at the Fourth International Complement Workshop in 1971 by Nelson.
Selective Cleavage of Human C3 by Human Leukocyte Elastase (HLE)
Authors: Hugli T. E. , Taylor J. C. , Crawford I. P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Highly selective cleavage of the human C3 molecule was produced by human leukocyte elastase (HLE). Limited digestion of C3 by HLE at a molar ratio of 20:1, pH 7.4, and room temperature released a low m.w. fragment from the α-chain of C3. This polypeptide has been identified as an analogue of C3a anaphylatoxin based on cross-reactivity with rabbit antihuman C3a. Chemical characterization by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, end group analysis and amino acid analysis identified the polypeptide as residues 1 to 71 of the 77 residue C3a molecule. The fragment of C3 released by HLE does not contract smooth muscle or induce a chemotactic response with rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
More extensive digestion of C3 by HLE at 37°C produces four distinct fragments of the α-chain without cleavage of the β-chain. These four fragments have been designated α-1, α-2, α-3, and α-4 according to their relative migration in sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gels.