bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiochemical properties of Sarawak's adapted Liberica coffee silverskin utilizing varying solvents
Authors: Buyong Nick Laurence , Nillian Elexson 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the physiochemical properties of Sarawak's adapted Liberica coffee silverskin (CS) using multiple solvents (distilled water, methanol, and ethanol) and its impact on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities of the CS. The results showed that the highest TPC was observed in the methanol extract (15.24 ± 0.65 mg GAE/g), while the highest TFC was recorded when extracted with ethanol (25.14 ± 0.59 mg QE/g). The DPPH activity was also found to be highest in the ethanol extract (83.85 ± 1.78%), concurred by the results in the FRAP assay as the highest reduction was also in ethanol (11.40 ± 18.57 μmol FSE/g). These findings demonstrate that the bioactive compounds of CS extracted can be greatly influenced by the choice of solvent while highlighting the potential for Sarawak's adapted Liberica CS to be further harnessed into a value‐added product and enabling a better by‐product waste management.
Increasing Profitability of Ethanol Photoreforming by Simultaneous Production of H2 and Acetal
Authors: Savateev Oleksandr , Shvalagin Vitaliy , Tang Junwang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOften, H2 is produced photocatalytically at the expense of sacrificial agents. When a sacrificial agent is selectively oxidized, this allows coupling of H2 production with synthesis of value‐added organic compounds. Herein, it is argued that the conversion of bioethanol into 1,1‐diethoxyethane with simultaneous H2 production increases the economic viability of photocatalysis and suggests a semiconductor material that is the most relevant for this purpose.
Negative versus withdrawn maternal behavior: Differential associations with infant gray and white matter during the first 2 years of life
Authors: Lyons‐Ruth Karlen , Ahtam Banu , Li Frances Haofei , Dickerman Sarah , Khoury Jennifer E. , Sisitsky Michaela , Ou Yangming , Bosquet Enlow Michelle , Teicher Martin H. , Grant P. Ellen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDistinct neural effects of threat versus deprivation emerge by childhood, but little data are available in infancy. Withdrawn versus negative parenting may represent dimensionalized indices of early deprivation versus early threat, but no studies have assessed neural correlates of withdrawn versus negative parenting in infancy. The objective of this study was to separately assess the links of maternal withdrawal and maternal negative/inappropriate interaction with infant gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), amygdala, and hippocampal volume. Participants included 57 mother‐infant dyads. Withdrawn and negative/inappropriate aspects of maternal behavior were coded from the Still‐Face Paradigm at four months infant age. Between 4 and 24 months (M age = 12.28 months, SD = 5.99), during natural sleep, infants completed an MRI using a 3.0 T Siemens scanner. GMV, WMV, amygdala, and hippocampal volumes were extracted via automated segmentation. Diffusion weighted imaging volumetric data were also generated for major white matter tracts. Maternal withdrawal was associated with lower infant GMV. Negative/inappropriate interaction was associated with lower overall WMV. Age did not moderate these effects. Maternal withdrawal was further associated with reduced right hippocampal volume at older ages. Exploratory analyses of white matter tracts found that negative/inappropriate maternal behavior was specifically associated with reduced volume in the ventral language network. Results suggest that quality of day‐to‐day parenting is related to infant brain volumes during the first two years of life, with distinct aspects of interaction associated with distinct neural effects.
Economic preferences and obesity: Evidence from a clinical lab‐in‐field study
Authors: Pastore Chiara , Schurer Stefanie , Tymula Agnieszka , Fuller Nicholas , Caterson Ian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany studies which describe the relationship between obesity and economic preference rely on healthy, clinically‐irrelevant populations. Instead, we study economic decision‐making of a clinically‐relevant population of 299 people with obesity who participated in a 6‐months Randomized Controlled Trial in two Sydney‐based hospitals to prevent diabetes onset. To elicit preferences, we use incentive‐compatible experimental tasks that participants completed during their medical screening examination. In this population, we find that participants are risk averse, show no evidence of present bias, and have impatience levels comparable to healthy samples described in the international literature. Variations in present bias and impatience are not significantly associated with variations in markers of obesity. We find however a statistically significant negative association between risk tolerance and markers of obesity for women. Importantly, impatience moderates the link between risk tolerance and obesity, a finding which we are able to replicate in nationally‐representative survey data. We discuss explanations for why our findings deviate markedly from the literature for this understudied but highly policy‐relevant population. One explanation is that our specific population consists of forward‐looking, well‐educated individuals, who are willing to participate in an intensive health intervention. Hence, other factors may be at play for why these individuals live with obesity.
A combination of computed tomography scan and ultrasound provides optimal detection of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinomas: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Albuck Aaron L. , Issa Peter P. , Hussein Mohammad , Aboueisha Mohamed , Attia Abdallah S. , Omar Mahmoud , Munshi Ruhul , Shama Mohamed , Toraih Eman , Randolph Gregory W. , Kandil Emad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common. This meta‐analysis assesses the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and CT + US in detecting central and lateral LNM.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for studies published up to April 2022. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. The area under the curve (AUC) for summary receiver operating curves (sROC) were compared.ResultsThe study population included 7902 patients with a total of 15 014 lymph nodes. Twenty‐four studies analyzed the sensitivity of the overall neck region in which dual CT + US imaging (55.9%) had greater sensitivities (p < 0.001) than either US (48.4%) or CT (50.4%) alone. The specificity of US alone (89.0%) was greater (p < 0.001) than CT alone (88.5%) or dual imaging (86.8%). The DOR for dual CT + US imaging was greatest (p < 0.001) at 11.134, while the AUCs of the three imaging modalities were similar (p > 0.05). Twenty‐one studies analyzed the sensitivity of the central neck region in which both CT (45.8%) and CT + US imaging (43.4%) had greater sensitivities (p < 0.001) than US alone (35.3%). The specificity of all three modalities was higher than 85%. The DOR for CT (7.985) was greater than US alone (4.723, p < 0.001) or dual CT + US imaging (4.907, p = 0.015). The AUC of both CT + US (0.785) and CT alone (0.785) were significantly greater (p < 0.001) than US alone (0.685). Of the 19 studies that reported lateral LNM, CT + US imaging sensitivity (84.5%) was higher than CT alone (69.2%, p < 0.001) and US alone (79.7%, p = 0.038). The specificity of all imaging techniques was all greater than 80.0%. CT + US imaging DOR (35.573) was greater than CT (20.959, p = 0.024) and US (15.181, p < 0.001) individually. The AUC of independent imaging was high (CT: 0.863, US: 0.858) and improved significantly when combined (CT + US: 0.919, p = 0.024 and p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsWe report an up‐to‐date analysis elucidating the diagnostic accuracy of LNM detection by either CT, US, or in combination. Our work suggests dual CT + US to be the best for overall detection of LNM and CT to be preferable in detecting central LNM. The use of either CT or US alone may detect lateral LNM with acceptable accuracy, yet dual imaging (CT + US) significantly improved detection rates.
Ultrasonography‐guided core‐needle biopsy of lymphadenopathies suspected of lymphoma: Analysis on diagnostic efficacy and safety of 1000 front‐line biopsies in a multicenter Italian study
Authors: Picardi Marco , Giordano Claudia , Vigliar Elena , Zeppa Pio , Cozzolino Imma , Pugliese Novella , Della Pepa Roberta , Esposito Maria , Abagnale Davide Pio , Ciriello Mauro , Muccioli‐Casadei Giada , Troncone Giancarlo , Russo Daniela , Mascolo Massimo , Varricchio Silvia , Accarino Rossella , Persico Marcello , Pane Fabrizio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe reliability and safety of front‐line ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy (UG‐CNB) performed with specific uniform approach have never been evaluated in a large series of patients with lymphadenopathies suspected of lymphoma. The aim of this study was to assess the overall accuracy of UG‐CNB in the lymph node histological diagnosis, using a standard reference based on pathologist consensus, molecular biology, and/or surgery. We retrospectively checked the findings concerning the application of lymph node UG‐CNB from four Italian clinical units that routinely utilized 16‐gauge diameter modified Menghini needle under power‐Doppler ultrasonographic guidance. A data schedule was sent to all centers to investigate the information regarding techniques, results, and complications of lymph node UG‐CNB in untreated patients over a 12‐year period. Overall, 1000 (superficial target, n = 750; deep‐seated target, n = 250) biopsies have been evaluated in 1000 patients; other 48 biopsies (4.5%), screened in the same period, were excluded because inadequate for a confident histological diagnosis. Most patients were suffering from lymphomas (aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma [aBc‐NHL], 309 cases; indolent B‐cell [iBc]‐NHL, 279 cases; Hodgkin lymphoma [HL], 212 cases; and nodal peripheral T‐cell [NPTC]‐NHL, 30 cases) and 100 cases from metastatic carcinoma; 70 patients had non‐malignant disorders. The majority of CNB results met at least one criterion of the composite reference standard. The overall accuracy of the micro‐histological sampling was 97% (95% confidence interval: 95%–98%) for the series. The sensitivity of UG‐CNB for the detection of aBc‐NHL was 100%, for iBc‐NHL 95%, for HL 93%, and for NPTC‐NHL 90%, with an overall false negative rate of 3.3%. The complication rate was low (6% for all complications); no patient suffered from biopsy‐related complications of grade >2 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Lymph node UG‐CNB as mini‐invasive diagnostic procedure is effective with minimal risk for the patient.
Effects of photobiomodulation at various irradiances on normal and dihydrotestosterone‐treated human hair dermal papilla cells in vitro
Authors: Sun Miao , Jiang Hui , Lin Shangfei , Qin Haokuan , Ding Xiaolei , Lai Yongxian , Liu Shangfeng , Liu Muqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss caused by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to androgen receptors in dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising treatment for AGA but suffers from inconsistent outcomes and inconsistent effective light parameters. This study investigated the impact of red light at various irradiances on normal and DHT‐treated DPCs. Our results suggested that red light at 8 mW/cm2 was most effective in promoting DPCs growth. Furthermore, a range of irradiances from 2 to 64 mW/cm2 modulated key signaling pathways, including Wnt, FGF, and TGF, in normal and DHT‐treated DPCs. Interestingly, 8 mW/cm2 had a greater impact on these pathways in DHT‐treated DPCs and altered the Shh pathway, suggesting that the effect of PBM varies with the cellular environment. This study highlights specific factors that influence PBM effectiveness and provides insight into the need for personalized PBM treatment approaches.
3D Finite Element Models Reconstructed From 2D Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Images Improve Hip Fracture Prediction Compared to Areal BMD in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden Cohort
Authors: Grassi Lorenzo , Väänänen Sami P. , Jehpsson Lars , Ljunggren Östen , Rosengren Björn E. , Karlsson Magnus K. , Isaksson Hanna 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBone strength is an important contributor to fracture risk. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) derived from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used as a surrogate for bone strength in fracture risk prediction tools. 3D finite element (FE) models predict bone strength better than aBMD, but their clinical use is limited by the need for 3D computed tomography and lack of automation. We have earlier developed a method to reconstruct the 3D hip anatomy from a 2D DXA image, followed by subject‐specific FE‐based prediction of proximal femoral strength. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the method's ability to predict incident hip fractures in a population‐based cohort (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men [MrOS] Sweden). We defined two subcohorts: (i) hip fracture cases and controls cohort: 120 men with a hip fracture (<10 years from baseline) and two controls to each hip fracture case, matched by age, height, and body mass index; and (ii) fallers cohort: 86 men who had fallen the year before their hip DXA scan was acquired, 15 of which sustained a hip fracture during the following 10 years. For each participant, we reconstructed the 3D hip anatomy and predicted proximal femoral strength in 10 sideways fall configurations using FE analysis. The FE‐predicted proximal femoral strength was a better predictor of incident hip fractures than aBMD for both hip fracture cases and controls (difference in area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, ΔAUROC = 0.06) and fallers (ΔAUROC = 0.22) cohorts. This is the first time that FE models outperformed aBMD in predicting incident hip fractures in a population‐based prospectively followed cohort based on 3D FE models obtained from a 2D DXA scan. Our approach has potential to notably improve the accuracy of fracture risk predictions in a clinically feasible manner (only one single DXA image is needed) and without additional costs compared to the current clinical approach. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Efficient removal of antibodies to adeno‐associated viruses by immunoadsorption
Authors: Boedecker‐Lips Simone , Judel Andreas , Holtz Stefan , Mayer Magnus , Klimpke Pascal , Kraus Daniel , Schreiner Thomas , Gerstmayer Bernhard , Eulitz Klaus , Mayer Magnus Christopher , Weinmann‐Menke Julia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGene therapies based on adeno‐associated viruses (AAV) are a therapeutic option to successfully treat monogenetic diseases. However, the influence of pre‐existing immunity to AAV can compromise the application of AAV gene therapy, most notably by the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to AAV.MethodsIn the following study, we investigated to what extent the treatment by immunoadsorption (IA) would reduce the levels of human anti‐AAV antibodies to AAV2 and AAV5. To that end, we screened blood sera from 40 patients receiving IA treatment because of underlying autoimmune disease or transplant rejection, with detectable AAV‐antibodies in 23 patients (22 by NAb detection, and 1 additionally by anti‐AAV5 ELISA analysis).ResultsOur results show that IA efficiently depleted anti‐AAV2 NAb with a mean reduction of 3.92 ± 1.09 log2 titer steps (93.4%) after three to five single IA treatments, 45% of seropositive subjects had an anti‐AAV2 titer below the threshold titer of 1:5 after the IA treatment series. Anti‐AAV5 NAb were reduced to below the threshold titer of 1:5 in all but one of five seropositive subjects. Analysis of total anti‐AAV5 antibodies by ELISA demonstrated an anti‐AAV5 antibody reduction over the IA treatment series of 2.67 ± 1.16 log2 titer steps (84.3%).ConclusionIn summary, IA may represent a safe strategy to precondition patients with pre‐existing anti‐AAV antibodies to make this population eligible for an effective AAV‐based gene therapy.
Discriminatory episodes negatively impact the quality of life of Brazilian dental students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sartori Letícia Regina Morello , Karam Sarah Arangurem , Chisini Luiz Alexandre , Corrêa de Oliveira Luísa Jardim , Aragão Sabóia Vicente de Paulo , Corrêa Marcos Britto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate whether discriminatory episodes occurring in the university environment were associated with dental students' self‐perceived overall quality of life and assess the cumulative effect of perceived discriminatory experiences on the overall quality of life.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, all students enrolled in three Brazilian dental schools were invited to participate in a survey between August and October 2019. The outcome was students’ self‐perceived quality of life, measured through the overall quality of life item of the World Health Organization—Quality of Life Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL‐BREF). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses (95% confidence intervals and α of 5%) were conducted using RStudio software.ResultsThe sample was composed of 732 students (70.2% response rate). The great part was female (66.9%), white or yellow skin color (67.9%), and were children of highly educated mothers. About 68% of the students reported having experienced at least one of the seven discriminatory experiences presented in the questionnaire and 18.1% reported neutral or negative quality of life. In multivariable analyses, it was estimated that students who experienced at least one episode of discrimination were 2.54 times (95% CI: 1.47–4.34) more likely to report worse quality of life than their counterparts who reported no experience of discrimination. There was also a 25% (95% CI: 1.10–1.42) increase in the odds of reporting poorer quality of life for each additional discriminatory experience reported.ConclusionReporting at least one discriminatory situation in the academic environment was associated with worse quality of life among dental students, and a cumulative effect was also noted.
Enterovirus 71 enters human brain microvascular endothelial cells through an ARF6‐mediated endocytic pathway
Authors: Zhu Yongzhe , Wang Xiaohang , He Zhiwei , Zhao Ping , Ren Hao , Qi Zhongtian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInfection of the central nervous system caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) remains the main cause of death in hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease. However, the mechanism responsible for how EV71 breaks through the blood‐brain barrier to infect brain cells has yet to be elucidated. By performing a high‐throughput small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening and validation, we found that the infection of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) by EV71 was independent of the endocytosis pathways mediated by caveolin, clathrin, and macropinocytosis but dependent on ADP‐ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), a small guanosinetriphosphate (GTP)‐binding protein of the Ras superfamily. The specific siRNA targeting ARF6 markedly inhibited HBMECs susceptibility to EV71. EV71 infectivity was inhibited by NAV‐2729, a specific inhibitor of ARF6, in a dose‐dependent manner. The subcellular analysis demonstrated the co‐localization of the endocytosed EV71 and ARF6, while knockdown of ARF6 with siRNA remarkably influenced EV71 endocytosis. By immunoprecipitation assays, we found a direct interaction of ARF6 with EV71 viral protein. Furthermore, ARF1, another small GTP‐binding protein, was also found to participate in ARF6‐mediated EV71 endocytosis. Murine experiments demonstrated that NAV‐2729 significantly alleviated mortality caused by EV71 infection. Our study revealed a new pathway by which EV71 enters the HBMECs and provides new targets for drug development.
Job embeddedness and voluntary turnover in the face of job insecurity
Authors: Peltokorpi Vesa , Allen David G. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryTwo important contributions to the understanding of voluntary turnover are the ideas that employees become embedded in a net or web of restraining forces on‐ and off‐the‐job and that they experience varying degrees of control and desire that yield proximal withdrawal states explaining turnover motivations. We build on these ideas in two multi‐wave studies to study job insecurity, one of the most common work stressors and top concerns among employees around the world. Study 1 demonstrates that job search mediates the positive relationship between job insecurity and voluntary turnover, and that employees higher in on‐the‐job embeddedness are less likely to search for jobs despite job insecurity. Study 2 demonstrates that turnover intention mediates the positive relationship between job insecurity and voluntary turnover, and that employees higher in on‐the‐job embeddedness are less likely to contemplate quitting despite job insecurity. However, off‐the‐job embeddedness had opposite interactive effects, exacerbating the relationship of job insecurity with turnover.
Interpreting precipitation δ18O over eastern China for the Asian summer monsoon: Results from the last millennium simulations
Authors: Liu Yujia , Man Wenmin , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Asian summer monsoon (ASM) plays a major role in the Asian climate system, affecting nearly half of the world's population. The oxygen isotopes of speleothem calcite (δ18Oc) records in China provide important insights into past ASM changes; however, it remains controversial whether the δ18Oc records over eastern China (EC) mainly reflect the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) or East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). In this study, we estimate the relationships between precipitation‐weighted oxygen isotopes (δ18Opw) and various ASM indices over the last millennium based on the isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model. The δ18Opw in EC mainly characterizes the intensity of the ISM and, to some extent, reflects the meridional wind component of the EASM, but it has an opposite relationship with the zonal wind component of the EASM. Although the limitations of various EASM definitions lead to the contrary relations between the δ18Opw and EASM indices, the δ18Opw in EC is accompanied by consistent EASM footprints. Moreover, although the meridional wind‐based EASM indices are negatively correlated with δ18Opw over EC, the relationships are much weaker than that with the ISM indices. The widespread negative δ18Opw signals extending from the Indian Peninsula to East Asia are closely coupled with the low‐level circulation over the ISM region. When considering the relationship between the EASM and δ18Opw over EC, the positive contribution from the Northwest Pacific offset the negative contribution from the remote Indian Ocean, leading to the insignificant correlation between the EASM indices and δ18Opw over EC.