bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gap between policy and practice for human rights in conservation: a case study in Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: Barnes Paul A. , Aninta Sabhrina Gita , Ariyanto Tomi , Holle Mukhlish Jamal Musa , Ikhawan M. Khairul , Jayanto Herdhanu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe adverse effects that conservation can have on Indigenous Peoples and local communities have been known for decades. In recognition, governments and conservation organizations have adopted joint statements of intent and rolled out various individual measures to safeguard human rights. Nevertheless, a gap remains between policy and practice, as evidenced by numerous recent examples of human rights infringements because of the (in)actions of conservation. We present ethnographic research with people living adjacent to Pegunungan Cyclops, an IUCN category I(a) strict protected area in Papua Province, Indonesia, aiming to understand their experiences of conservation and provide some nuance regarding the gap between policy and practice in human rights and conservation. We uncovered feelings of injustice, discontent, confusion, an overall lack of consultation between local inhabitants and park managers and decades of contradictory policies and projects characterized by implementation problems stemming from scant resources. We also show how national struggles over rights and recognition are conflated and intertwined with local ones and how national and provincial policies can alter governance regimes, tenure arrangements and power relations locally. Despite the issues, our informants also recalled favourably instances in which partnerships between local inhabitants and other actors were well received because they were implemented through detailed consultation, producing management actions that better aligned with traditional practices. For people in the Cyclops Mountains today, the emerging avenues provided by the social forestry programme in Indonesia could be the most beneficial way to secure greater access to their lands, and conservationists can play a role in supporting this process.
Changes in a Neotropical insectivorous bat community associated with artificial clearing of the forest in a geothermal project
Authors: Sandoval-Castro Ivannia , Jiménez-Céspedes Albán , Villalobos-Chaves David , Rodríguez-Herrera Bernal 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe energy needs of the human population inevitably affect natural environments, but the effects on wildlife of human modifications of habitat specifically for geothermal projects are scarcely known. Through acoustic monitoring, we quantified at Proyecto Geotérmico Las Pailas II, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, the impact of forest openings on the diversity and community composition of aerial insectivorous bats. Our data revealed that artificial clearing causes a border effect, an environment where the diversity of species and activity levels of insectivorous bats increase with respect to other habitats analysed. We discuss that, due to the combination of environmental properties and resource availability variables of the border habitats, in addition to the acoustic abilities of the bat species detected, borders represent transitional spaces where species adapted to uncluttered and background-cluttered spaces can easily commute and forage. The artificial clearings created by the geothermal project had a positive effect on aerial insectivorous bat species; however, this pattern cannot be assumed for other organisms within the area. Therefore, we highlight the importance of quantifying the influence of energy-extracting projects on biodiversity metrics and the use of this information to make informed decisions regarding managing and conserving natural resources.
“I can't see myself ever living any[w]ere else”: Variation in (HW) in Edinburgh English
Authors: Markl Nina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSociolinguistic research across Scotland in recent decades has documented an erosion of the phonemic contrast between /ʍ/ (as inwhich) and /w/ (as inwitch). Based on acoustic phonetic analysis of 1,400 <wh> realizations produced by eighteen Edinburgh women born between 1938 and 1993, I argue that in the context of Edinburgh this is best understood as a complex sociolinguistic variable (HW) encompassing (at least) six fricated and fricationless variants. Realizations vary in type and relative duration of frication, voicing, and glide quality. Bayesian statistical analysis suggests that choice and realization of variants is conditioned by speaker's social class, style, and phonetic context. Unlike some prior work, I do not find evidence of ongoing (apparent-time) change or an effect of contact with Southern British English. Fricated variants are most prevalent in formal speech styles and in the speech of middle-class women, while working-class speakers favor fricationless variants.
Advancing college food security: priority research gaps
Authors: Landry Matthew J. , Heying Emily , Qamar Zubaida , Hagedorn-Hatfield Rebecca L. , Savoie-Roskos Mateja R. , Cuite Cara L. , Zigmont Victoria A. , OoNorasak Kendra , Chen Susan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite over a decade of both quantitative and qualitative studies, food insecurity among US college/university students remains a pervasive problem within higher education. The purpose of this perspective piece was to highlight research gaps in the area of college food insecurity and provide rationale for the research community to focus on these gaps going forward. A group of food insecurity researchers from a variety of higher education institutions across the United States identified five thematic areas of research gaps: screening and estimates of food insecurity; longitudinal changes in food insecurity; impact of food insecurity on broader health and academic outcomes; evaluation of impact, sustainability and cost effectiveness of existing programmes and initiatives; and state and federal policies and programmes. Within these thematic areas, nineteen specific research gaps were identified that have limited or no peer-reviewed, published research. These research gaps result in a limited understanding of the magnitude, severity and persistence of college food insecurity, the negative short- and long-term impacts of food insecurity on health, academic performance and overall college experience, and effective solutions and policies to prevent or meaningfully address food insecurity among college students. Research in these identified priority areas may help accelerate action and interdisciplinary collaboration to alleviate food insecurity among college students and play a critical role in informing the development or refinement of programmes and services that better support college student food security needs.
Quantifying the Vertical Transport in Convective Storms Using Time Sequences of Radar Reflectivity Observations
Authors: Prasanth Sai , Haddad Ziad S. , Sawaya Randy C. , Sy Ousmane O. , van den Heever Mathew , Narayana Rao T. , Hristova‐Veleva Svetla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA new satellite observation concept to estimate upward air mass flux in convective storms has been proposed using a convoy of small radars that measure reflectivity only. The approach is to analyze a pair of radar reflectivity profiles obtained within 30–120 s of one another, and infer the upward transport above the freezing level and at a nominal 3‐km horizontal resolution from the reflectivities and their temporal change. This paper summarizes the theoretical basis for this approach, with quantitative justification using sensitivity analyses of convection‐permitting model simulations and from ground‐based zenith profiler data. We then describe and quantify the performance of the approach to detect updrafts from the radar observations. Finally, we illustrate the expected performance of retrievals of the vertical transport and evaluate their ability to meet the objectives of the “Investigation into Convective Updrafts” mission, selected by NASA to place in orbit in 2027–2028 a convoy of three identical Ka‐band radars measuring radar reflectivity within their common swath.
Triple‐Element Stable Isotope Analysis of Chloromethane Emitted by Royal Fern and Degraded by Club Moss
Authors: Hartmann S. Christoph , Keppler Frank , Greule Markus , Lauer Rebekka , Horst Axel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChloromethane (CH3Cl) is the most abundant natural chlorinated organic compound in the atmosphere playing an important role in catalyzing stratospheric ozone loss. Vegetation emits the largest amounts of CH3Cl to the atmosphere but its source strength is highly uncertain leading also to large uncertainties in the global budget of CH3Cl. Triple‐element stable isotope analysis may help to reduce uncertainties because it provides additional process‐level information compared to conventional quantification methods. In this study we performed experiments to obtain a first triple‐elemental isotopic fingerprint (2H, 13C, 37Cl) of CH3Cl emitted by a relevant plant species (royal fern, Osmunda regalis). Isotopic values of all three elements showed considerable differences compared to isotopic values of industrially manufactured CH3Cl which bodes well for future applications to distinguish individual sources. Isotopic analysis of potential precursors (rain, methoxy groups) of CH3Cl in plants revealed no measurable change of hydrogen and chlorine isotopic ratios during formation which may provide a simpler route to estimate the isotopic composition of CH3Cl emissions. Plant degradation experiments of CH3Cl were carried out with club moss (Selaginella kraussiana) revealing significant isotopic fractionation for all three elements. The fractionation pattern characterized by epsilon and lambda is inconsistent with known biotic dechlorination reactions indicating a yet unreported biotic degradation mechanism for CH3Cl. Overall, this study provides first insights into the triple‐elemental isotopic fingerprint of plant emissions and degradation. The results may represent important input data for future isotope‐based models to improve global budget estimates of CH3Cl and to explore the yet unknown degradation pathways.
Effects of hesperidin combined with synephrine on the capture of acrolein in a mouse model, or in humans by citrus consumption
Authors: Jia Mengwei , Gu Huihui , Lu Yongling , Lv Lishuang 
Published: May 2023

Acrolein (ACR) is a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Hesperidin combined with synephrine can efficiently capture ACR in a mouse model, or humans by citrus consumption.
Controllable cyclization of alkynyl thioethersviaBrønsted acid-catalyzed dearomatization
Authors: Fan Xin-Yang , Liu Xin , Kong Yin-Zhu , Zhu Bo-Han , Lin Jian , Qian Peng-Cheng , Zhou Bo , Ye Long-Wu 
Published: May 2023

An efficient and controllable cyclization of alkynyl thioethers via Brønsted acid-catalyzed dearomatization is described, enabling practical and atom-economical synthesis of valuable spirohexenones and phenanthrols in generally excellent yields.
A lightweight multi‐branch network for low‐light image enhancement
Authors: Yu Youjiang , Yuan Cheng , Zhang Kaibing , Wang Xiaohua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe generation process of low‐light images is fundamentally complicated due to their multi‐factorial degradation. Many previous methods favorably developed a multi‐branch network for impressive performance. However, the complex structures of multi‐branch networks always incur large computational cost and hinders their applicability in those resource‐limited settings. To alleviate these issues, in this letter a novel lightweight multi‐branch network (LMBN) for low‐light image enhancement is proposed. Specifically, a multi‐branch module and a joint loss are framed to surmount the complex degradation factors of low‐light images. Furthermore, the multi‐branch network is implemented by several heterogeneous and shallow encoder‐decoder modules. The elaborately designed lightweight model facilitates lower computational complexity but maintains impressive enhancement quality. The experimental results performed on three popularly benchmark databases demonstrate that the proposed LMBN shows the superior performance over other state‐of‐the‐art methods, indicating a perfect balance between the model's performance and the computational efficiency.
Broadband dual‐podal multilayer Vivaldi antenna array for remote sensing applications
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Iftikhar Adnan , Shafique Muhammad Farhan , Saka Birsen , Nikolaou Symeon , Anagnostou Dimitris E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel wideband multilayer dual‐podal Vivaldi antenna with broadband characteristics from 5.5 to 20.82 GHz, is presented. Contrary to traditional Vivaldi antennas that are antipodal‐based, this design is realised by placing a pair of podal Vivaldi antennas with corrugated slots on the top and bottom of a substrate stack (consisting of two dielectric layers) using a Bondply. The pair is fed in‐phase with the help of a Strip‐Line (SL) transmission section that is terminated on a radial stub to couple capacitively to the antenna elements. With this technique of electrically coupling a podal Vivaldi pair, improved performance parameters are achieved, specifically: a measured maximum gain of 9.33 dBi, Half Power Beam Width of 126.5° in the H‐plane, and a maximum Front‐to‐Back (F/B) ratio of 14.36 dB with an overall antenna size of 29 × 21 × 1.63 mm. The in‐depth understanding of the working mechanism is supported by a detailed parametric analysis, current distribution, and a clear physical insight into the operating principles. Moreover, a 1 × 4 Vivaldi antenna array is also designed and analysed. A measured maximum gain of the 13 dBi at 15 GHz in the array is achieved along with the wide bandwidth of 6.3 GHz from 10.78 to 17.07 GHz. The array is fed through an SL corporate feed network that ensures in‐phase excitation of all four Vivaldi pairs. A Grounded Co‐planar Waveguide to SL transition is adopted for connecting the 2.92 mm Radio Frequency launcher on the top layer. The very compact geometry of the proposed structure enables its integration into the systems for remote sensing applications.
The transient instability mechanism and stability‐enhanced LVRT control for VSC riding‐through severe grid voltage sag
Authors: Sun Huiqiang , Lin Xinchun , Huang Guangzhou , Zhang Jiayan , Liu Dan , Jiang Kezheng , Kang Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs the grid‐connected interface device of wind and photovoltaic power generation, the voltage source converter (VSC) must pass the low voltage ride‐through (LVRT) test. However, existing literature demonstrates that under weak grid conditions, there is a possibility of severe fluctuations in the terminal voltage of VSC during transiting from the pre‐sag normal operation mode to the LVRT mode. Unfortunately, it will make VSC frequently enter and exit LVRT mode. In order to address the tricky problem of transient instability of VSC riding‐through severe grid voltage sag under the weak grid, in this paper, the full‐order large‐signal model of VSC is established first. Then, based on the established model, the analysis indicates VSC will face the risk of losing stability under the weak grid during LVRT due to current transients. By studying the impacts of low short circuit ratio (SCR) on the basin of attraction of the post‐sag equilibrium point, the intrinsic mechanism of VSC losing stability under weak grid conditions is revealed. Moreover, considering that the transient stability is related to the current control, the stability‐enhanced LVRT control ensuring both small‐signal stability and transient stability of VSC during LVRT is proposed. Finally, the correctness of the above theoretical analysis is verified by real‐time simulation
Boosting multi‐target recognition performance with multi‐input multi‐output radar‐based angular subspace projection and multi‐view deep neural network
Authors: Kurtoğlu Emre , Biswas Sabyasachi , Gurbuz Ali C. , Gurbuz Sevgi Zubeyde 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrent radio frequency (RF) classification techniques assume only one target in the field of view. Multi‐target recognition is challenging because conventional radar signal processing results in the superposition of target micro‐Doppler signatures, making it difficult to recognise multi‐target activity. This study proposes an angular subspace projection technique that generates multiple radar data cubes (RDC) conditioned on angle (RDC‐ω). This approach enables signal separation in the raw RDC, making possible the utilisation of deep neural networks taking the raw RF data as input or any other data representation in multi‐target scenarios. When targets are in closer proximity and cannot be separated by classical techniques, the proposed approach boosts the relative signal‐to‐noise ratio between targets, resulting in multi‐view spectrograms that boosts the classification accuracy when input to the proposed multi‐view DNN. Our results qualitatively and quantitatively characterise the similarity of multi‐view signatures to those acquired in a single‐target configuration. For a nine‐class activity recognition problem, 97.8% accuracy in a 3‐person scenario is achieved, while utilising DNN trained on single‐target data. We also present the results for two cases of close proximity (sign language recognition and side‐by‐side activities), where the proposed approach has boosted the performance.
Application of metaheuristic algorithms in prediction of earthquake peak ground acceleration
Authors: Challagulla Surya Prakash , Suluguru Ashok Kumar , Noroozinejad Farsangi Ehsan , Manne Mounika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe seismic resilience of a structure has been evaluated using peak ground acceleration (PGA). Ground motion parameters such as source characteristics, local site conditions are used to forecast the PGA of the ground motion. This paper aims to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based model to predict the PGA. Here, hypocentral distance (), shear wave velocity (), and moment magnitude (), are used as input parameters. The model uses 12,706 ground motion recordings from 283 earthquakes from the revised NGA‐West2 database supplied by Pacific Engineering Research Centre. Among the whole data, 70% of the data is set for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing the network. The R value derived from the testing dataset is 0.952, indicating the excellent performance of a network. An extensive parametric study is conducted with the PGA values, and the results indicate that the PGA increases with the magnitude and decreases with the hypocentral distance. The predicted PGA values from the present study are comparable with those from the existing relationships in the global database. The generated ANN model is further verified by comparing the predicted and recorded PGA values of an actual recorded event.
The dusty circumstellar environment of Betelgeuse during the Great Dimming as seen by VLTI/MATISSE
Authors: Cannon E. , Montargès M. , de Koter A. , Matter A. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Norris R. , Paladini C. , Decin L. , Sana H. , Sundqvist J. O. , Lagadec E. , Kervella P. , Chiavassa A. , Dupree A. K. , Perrin G. , Scicluna P. , Stee P. , Kraus S. , Danchi W. , Lopez B. , Millour F. , Drevon J. , Cruzalèbes P. , Berio P. , Robbe-Dubois S. , Rosales-Guzman A. 
Published: May 2023

Context. The ‘Great Dimming’ of the prototypical red supergiant Betelgeuse, which occurred between December 2019 and April 2020, gives us unprecedented insight into the processes occurring on the stellar surface and in the inner wind of this type of star. In particular it may bring further understanding of their dust nucleation and mass-loss processes.
Aims. Here, we present and analyse VLTI/MATISSE observations in the N band (8–13 µm) taken near the brightness minimum in order to assess the status of the dusty circumstellar environment.
Methods. We explored the compatibility of a dust clump obscuring the star with our mid-infrared interferometric observations using continuum 3D radiative transfer modelling, and probed the effect of adding multiple clumps close to the star on the observables. We also tested the viability of a large cool spot on the stellar surface without dust present in the ambient medium.
Results. Using the visibility data, we derived a uniform disk diameter of 59.02 ± 0.64 mas in the spectral range 8–8.75 µm. We find that both the dust clump and the cool spot models are compatible with the data. Further to this, we note that the extinction and emission of our localised dust clump in the line of sight of the star directly compensate for each other, making the clump undetectable in the spectral energy distribution and visibilities. The lack of infrared brightening during the Great Dimming therefore does not exclude extinction due to a dust clump as one of the possible mechanisms. The visibilities can be reproduced by a spherical wind with dust condensing at 13 stellar radii and a dust mass-loss rate of (2.1–4.9) × 10−10 M⊙ yr−1; however, in order to reproduce the complexity of the observed closure phases, additional surface features or dust clumps would be needed.
Interior–atmosphere modelling to assess the observability of rocky planets with JWST
Authors: Acuña L. , Deleuil M. , Mousis O. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Super-Earths present compositions dominated by refractory materials. However, there is a degeneracy in their interior structure between a planet that has no atmosphere and a small Fe content, and a planet that has a thin atmosphere and a higher core mass fraction. To break this degeneracy, atmospheric characterisation observations are required.
Aims. We present a self-consistent interior–atmosphere model to constrain the volatile mass fraction, surface pressure, and temperature of rocky planets with water and CO2 atmospheres. The parameters obtained in our analysis can be used to predict observations in emission spectroscopy and photometry with JWST, which can determine the presence of an atmosphere and, if present, its composition.
Methods. We coupled a 1D interior model with a supercritical water layer to an atmospheric model. In order to obtain the bolometric emission and Bond albedo for an atmosphere in radiative-convective equilibrium, we used a low-resolution k-correlated atmospheric model. We generated emission spectra with the same atmospheric model at a higher resolution (R = 200–300). An adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo was employed for an efficient sampling of the parameter space at low volatile mass fractions.
Results. From our interior structure retrieval, we conclude that TRAPPIST-1 c most likely has a bare surface, although the presence of an atmosphere cannot be ruled out. We estimate a 1σ confidence interval of the surface pressure for a water-dominated atmosphere of Psurf = 40 ± 40 bar. We generated spectra for these two scenarios to compare with the emission flux of TRAPPIST-1 c recently observed in the MIRI F1500W filter. This is compatible with bare rock surfaces or a thin atmosphere with little or no CO2. In the case of 55 Cancri e, a combined spectrum with NIRCam and MIRI LRS may present high uncertainties at wavelengths between 3 and 3.7 µm. However, this does not affect the identification of H2O because it does not present spectral features in this wavelength range.