bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of multimorbidity patterns and socioeconomic status on catastrophic health expenditure of widowed older adults in China
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zeng Zhi 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe high multimorbidity and lower socioeconomic status (SES) of older adults, can lead to catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for older adults’ households. However, whether widowed older adults will bear such a financial burden has yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of multimorbidity patterns and SES on CHE in Chinese widowed older adults.MethodsData was obtained from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1,721 widowed participants aged 60 years and older were enrolled in the study. Latent class analysis was performed based on 14 self-reported chronic diseases to identify multimorbidity patterns. The logistic model and Tobit model were used to analyze the influence of multimorbidity patterns and SES on the incidence and intensity of CHE, respectively.ResultsAbout 36.72% of widowed older adults generated CHE. The incidence and intensity of CHE were significantly higher in the cardiovascular class and multisystem class than in the minimal disease class in multimorbidity patterns (cardiovascular class, multisystem class, and minimal disease class). Among SES-related indicators (education, occupation and household per capita income), respondents with a middle school and above education level were more likely to generate CHE compared to those who were illiterate. Respondents who were in the unemployed group were more likely to generate CHE compared to agricultural workers. In addition, respondents aged 70–79 years old, geographically located in the east, having other medical insurance, or having fewer family members are more likely to generate CHE and have higher CHE intensity.ConclusionWidowed older adults are at high risk for CHE, especially those in the cardiovascular and multisystem disease classes, and those with low SES. Several mainstream health insurances do not provide significant relief. In addition, attention should be paid to the high-risk characteristics associated with CHE. It is necessary to carry out the popularization of chronic disease knowledge, improve the medical insurance system and medical service level, and provide more policy preferences and social support to widowed older adults.
Rescinding evidence-based care and practices during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in the United States: a qualitative study of the experiences of lactation support providers
Authors: Grady Julie , Mulpeter Ellie , Brimdyr Kajsa , Cadwell Karin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems and services including along the childbearing continuum. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of professional lactation support providers who cared for breastfeeding families during the early months of the pandemic (March 2020 – August 2020) in the United States.Design/methodsWe conducted a qualitative survey among active lactation support providers in the United States. Eligible participants spoke English, were Certified Lactation Counselors who maintained an active certification and who provided lactation care and services prior to and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited via email from the national database of Certified Lactation Counselors obtained from the national certification body. All ten Health and Human Service regions of the United States were included. Demographic data was collected on each respondent. Qualitative survey responses were analyzed thematically following the framework method.FindingsSix-hundred and seventy-four (674) Certified Lactation Counselors responded to the survey from June to July of 2022. Their responses fell within the overarching theme of rescinding evidence-based care and practices that had been in place prior to the pandemic. Affected care practices included the insertion of limits on access to care and insinuating stigma and bias based on COVID-19 status. Irregular appointment schedules and staffing shortages also affected care. Participants reported that separation of the mother and their infant became the norm. Decisions made by management seemed to be grounded in fear and uncertainty, rather than on the evidence-based principles that had been in place prior to the pandemic.ConclusionA lack of coordination, consistency and support, along with fear of the unknown, troubled lactation support providers and impacted their ability to provide evidence-based care and to maintain access to care for all families. The findings of the survey and analysis underscore the importance of adequately preparing for future public health crises by determining how evidence-based care and practices can be preserved in emergent situations.
The relationship between early childhood development and feeding practices during the dietary transitional period in rural China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Yihua , Chang Chun 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionEarly childhood feeding environments and practices not only affect children's nutritional status but also provide children with a variety of external stimulations to affect the development of the child's brain, especially for the first 1,000 days of children. The relationship between early childhood development (ECD) and feeding practices during the dietary transitional period has not previously been described.MethodThis study used quantitative survey data from the Integrated Early Childhood Development Project to investigate this association between ECD and feeding practices during the dietary transitional period in poor rural areas of China. Data concerning the child and family characteristics and feeding practices were collected through the questionnaire completed by caregivers. Developmental delays were explored through a five-pronged, structured, parent-completed Age and Stage Questionnaire. The chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associated factors in ECD.ResultsThe results showed that 33.6% of children had at least one area of developmental delay during the dietary transitional period. Of all five regions evaluated, the prevalence of fine motor developmental delays was highest (17.7%), followed by communication (14.9%), problem-solving (13.8%), personal-social skills (11.9%), and gross motor (11.8%), respectively. Significant predictors of increased odds of developmental delay included types of complementary foods (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53–0.94), adequate feeding frequency (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52–0.90), and breastfeeding time and bottle feeding (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.50–0.88).DiscussionAccording to the results, a high prevalence of developmental delay was observed in children during the dietary transitional period in the rural areas of China. The feeding practices of children were associated with their developmental status, including factors such as inadequate feeding frequency, types of complementary foods, breastfeeding duration, and low family income. These findings highlight the focus and potential direction for early identification and intervention.
Delay analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the eastern coastal county of China from 2010 to 2021: evidence from two surveillance systems
Authors: Liu Kui , Ge Rui , Luo Dan , Zheng Yan , Shen Zhenye , Chen Bin , Feng Wei , Wu Qionghai 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge. However, indicators of delays in assessing effective TB prevention and control and its influencing factors have not been investigated in the eastern coastal county of China.MethodsAll notified pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases in the Fenghua District, China were collected between 2010 and 2021 from the available TB information management system. Comparison of delays involving patient, health system, and total delays among local and migrant cases. Additionally, in correlation with available Basic Public Health Service Project system, we performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the influencing factors associated with patient and total delays in patients aged &gt;60 years.ResultsIn total, 3,442 PTB cases were notified, including 1,725 local and 1,717 migrant patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.13:1. Median patient and total delays of local TB patients were longer than those for migrant patients; the median health system delay did not show any significant difference. For patient delay among the older adult, female (cOR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.07–3.48), educational level of elementary school and middle school (cOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06–0.84) had a statistical difference from univariable analysis; however, patients without diabetes showed a higher delay for multiple-factor analysis (aOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.02–4.41). Furthermore, only the education level of elementary school and middle school presented a low total delay for both univariate (cOR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.82) and multivariate analysis (aOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05–0.83) in the older patients.ConclusionThe delay of TB cases among migrants was lower than the local population in the Fenghua District, which may be related to the “healthy migrant effect”. It highlights that women, illiterate people, and people without diabetes are key groups for reducing delays among older adults. Health awareness should focus on these target populations, providing accessible health services, and reducing the time from symptom onset to diagnosis.
Changes in friluftsliv (outdoor recreation) activities among Norwegian adolescents during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Sæther Eivind , Mikalsen Stian , Lagestad Pål 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFriluftsliv (outdoor recreation) activities can provide both physical activity and experiences in nature, and improve quality of life. Regular physical activity is critical for young people's physical, social, and mental health. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020–2022, schools, gyms, and swimming pools were closed, and athletic teams and other physical activity services were prohibited from holding events. Despite these restrictions, access to nature and most friluftsliv persisted throughout the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how the degree of activity in various friluftsliv activities changed during the pandemic, as well as identify the significance that friluftsliv had for the experience of community prior to and during the pandemic.MethodsTo achieve this goal, 287 young people aged 16–19 answered a questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed that self-reported total friluftsliv decreased significantly by 12.1% during the pandemic compared to self-reported total friluftsliv activity in the year before the pandemic occurred. Modern friluftsliv experienced an overall activity decline in participation of 24.8%. Two of these activities had a significant decrease in activity level, while three of the activities had an unchanged level of activity. Traditional friluftsliv also experienced a significant decrease of 7.8%, with six of the seven friluftsliv activities exhibiting a significant decrease in activity level during the pandemic. Regarding the importance of friluftsliv for the experience of community, a substantial number of participants felt that friluftsliv activities had been more important during the pandemic than prior to the pandemic. In addition, many respondents indicated that the desire to be with friends, family, and girlfriends/boyfriends had become more important during the pandemic than before it.DiscussionThe findings related to the importance of friluftsliv activities to experiencing community were not unexpected. However, it was somewhat unanticipated that the two-year pandemic did not lead to more friluftsliv among young people, given the unavailability of other avenues of physical activity—which is concerning from a public health perspective, in terms of social, psychological, and physical health.
A survey of testicular texture in canine ultrasound images
Authors: McEvoy Fintan J. , Pongvittayanon Panida , Vedel Tanja , Holst Pernille , Müller Anna V. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionComputer-based texture analysis provides objective data that can be extracted from medical images, including ultrasound images. One popular methodology involves the generation of a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) from the image, and from that matrix, texture fractures can be extracted.MethodsWe performed texture analysis on 280 ultrasound testicular images obtained from 70 dogs and explored the resulting texture data, by means of principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsVarious abnormal lesions were identified subjectively in 35 of the 280 cropped images. In 16 images, pinpoint-to-small, well-defined, hyperechoic foci were identified without acoustic shadowing. These latter images were classified as having “microliths.” The remaining 19 images with other lesions and areas of non-homogeneous testicular parenchyma were classified as “other.” In the PCA scores plot, most of the images with lesions were clustered. These clustered images represented by those scores had higher values for the texture features entropy, dissimilarity, and contrast, and lower values for the angular second moment and energy in the first principal component. Other data relating to the dogs, including age and history of treatment for prostatomegaly or chemical castration, did not show clustering on the PCA.DiscussionThis study illustrates that objective texture analysis in testicular ultrasound correlates to some of the visual features used in subjective interpretation and provides quantitative data for parameters that are highly subjective by human observer analysis. The study demonstrated a potential for texture analysis in prediction models in dogs with testicular abnormalities.
The Diversity of Small Mammals along a Large River Valley Revealed from Pellets of Tawny Owl Strix aluco
Authors: Romanowski Jerzy , Dudek-Godeau Dorota , Lesiński Grzegorz 
Published: August 2023

The Vistula River is one of the largest European semi-natural rivers of high ecological value that functions as an ecological corridor. To assess the structure of small mammal communities along the Vistula River, an analysis of the diet of an opportunistic predator, the tawny owl Strix aluco, was used. A total of 6355 individuals of 19 species were found, including 5 soricomorph species, 12 rodents, 1 carnivore, and 1 bat species. Tawny owls most frequently caught Apodemus agrarius, Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus flavicollis, and Microtus arvalis. Rodents dominated small mammal communities (90%), followed by soricomorphs (8%), and the share of Chiroptera was significant (2%). Using Ward’s method in cluster analysis, three clusters of sites with similar mammal communities were identified. The cluster that included 17 study sites with the dominance of agriculture habitats was inhabited by diverse mammal communities with a high number of species. In the cluster composed of three suburban forest sites, mammal communities had the lowest diversity, although the high species richness and the highest shares of the forest species (A. flavicollis, C. glareolus, and Nyctalus noctula). Mammal communities in the cluster were composed of three urban sites were dominated by A. agrarius and M. arvalis. The study indicates the high species richness of small mammals in floodplains of the Vistula River and the adjacent areas in central Poland. The floodplain offers suitable habitats for species associated with forests, water bodies, agricultural land, and developed areas. The data collected confirms earlier model predictions about the presence of well-connected local populations of forest mammals along the Vistula River.
Malignant mesothelioma in females: the institutional failure by WHO and IARC to protect public health
Authors: Baur Xaver , Frank Arthur L. , Magnani Corrado , Oliver L. Christine , Soskolne Colin L. 
Published: August 2023

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive and difficult-to-diagnose tumor that is almost always caused by asbestos or other asbestiform fibers. Chapter 2 in the Fourth (2015) and Fifth (2021) Editions of the WHO/IARC Classification of Tumours is devoted to the classification and pathologic diagnosis of MM. The authors of these Chapters state that most of the cases of MM in females do not show asbestos as the cause when, in fact, the epidemiologic literature shows that the risk of MM in females exposed to asbestos approaches that in males. While it is correct that the overall incidence of MM in females is lower than in males, the view that MM in females is not caused by asbestos is unsupported. This view results from an inadequate occupational history, the failure to recognize the importance of environmental exposures, and the misrepresentation of published literature by the selection of limited literature and biased bibliographies, often by authors with financial conflicting interests. In this article, we present an example of the institutional failure (1) to protect the public health by permitting the publication of inaccurate statements about the adverse health effects of exposure to asbestos among females, and (2) to make suggested corrections that more accurately reflect reality. Responsibility for correcting the misinformation lies, in our assessment, both with the authors of the erroneous statements and with the editors and publisher of the books that contain these statements. At issue is nothing less than scientific accuracy, the fate of at-risk females for whom early diagnosis could result in improved health outcome, a missed opportunity to promote primary and secondary prevention, and the social injustice of the loss of compensation for females so affected. We describe the steps that we took to correct the inaccuracies, and to expose the dereliction of duty among responsible parties based, at least in part, on what we believe to be undisclosed conflicting interests. Our efforts failed.
Concepto de día-y-noche en Europa. Reconstrucción tipológica II
Authors: Zytsar Alexey 
Published: August 2023

En el número 76 de FLV (pp. 369-396) fue publicada por el autor la primera parte de este trabajo. En esta nueva entrega desarrolla la misma idea, al tiempo que profundiza en el tema y aporta nuevo material terminológico inglés (fartnight, sennight), francés (huit jours, quinze jours), así como también las formulas vascas del tipo gaur-zortzi / gaur-hamabost, insistiendo en el mismo sentido.
Para explicar la isoglosa dialectal vasca egun/gaur "hoy", recurre a hechos de la historia medieval ajenos al País Vasco, en particular a la presencia en Lapurdum (Bayona) de los normandos durante los siglos IX y X.
Zuberoa Garaiko mintzaeraren eredu bat
Authors: De Rijk Rudolf P. G. 
Published: August 2023

Artikulu honek egileak 1963. urtean Madalena de Jauregiberri (1885-1977) andereari egindako zinta baten textua eskaintzen dio irakurleari.
Textu honen garrantzia bikoitza da: alde batetik, Ziberoa Garaiko mintzaeraren erakuskari jakingarri bat delako, eta bestetik, hain luzaz bere sorterrian kulturgile handi izan den Madalena de Jauregiberri anderearen izaera eta kezkak islatzen dituelako.
Broadband focusing of seismic Rayleigh waves by Luneburg lens in the semi-infinite soil
Authors: Tang Zepei , Linghu Zhiang , Yang Hongwu , Peng Pai , Liu Fengming , Du Qiujiao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose a Luneburg lens for focusing the seismic Rayleigh waves composed of blind holes with varying radii in a semi-infinite soil substrate. Luneburg lenses have a broadband property of achieving a focusing effect from 6 Hz to 9 Hz. It can enhance the wave amplitude by almost 4 times at the focus, and concentrate about 71% of the incident seismic wave energy in the focal area. And its FWHM can reach a minimum of 0.7λ. The effect of wavefront conversion of the Luneburg lens from a cylindrical wave to a plane wave is effectively demonstrated.
Prospects of mist CVD for fabrication of β-Ga2O3 MESFETs on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates
Authors: Takane Hitoshi , Ando Yuji , Takahashi Hidemasa , Makisako Ryutaro , Ikeda Hikaru , Ueda Tetsuzo , Suda Jun , Tanaka Katsuhisa , Fujita Shizuo , Sugaya Hidetaka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Mist CVD was applied to grow the β-Ga2O3 channel layer of a MESFET on a semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 (010) substrate. The mobility and carrier concentration of the channel layer were 80 cm2 V–1 s–1 and 6.2 × 1017 cm−3, respectively. The device exhibited a pinch-off characteristic with a threshold gate voltage of −9 V, and the maximum drain current was 240 mA mm−1. The maximum transconductance was 46 mS mm−1 and the on-resistance was 30 Ω mm. This device performance suggests that mist CVD is a potential growth technology capable of providing low-cost devices in the future.
Association of the Vaccination Status of Health Workers of COVID-19 Survivors with The Outcomes of Treatment of COVID-19 At General Hospital in Padang City
Authors: Aribowo Kornelis , Basyar Masrul , Sabri Yessy Susanty 
Published: August 2023

Background: Health workers are on the front lines of treating and fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Health workers face COVID-19 patients at work. Health workers are at increased risk of infection if they are not properly protected. Increased risk for health workers can be caused by contact with patients without personal protective equipment (PPE) and surfaces contaminated with the virus. Infected health workers can infect other people around them and will increase the workload of other health workers. One of the efforts to reduce the risk of transmission to health workers is vaccination. Vaccines against COVID-19 are considered very important to prevent and control COVID-19. The aim is to determine the relationship between the COVID-19 vaccine status and the outcomes of healthcare workers treated for confirmed COVID-19 at hospitals throughout Padang.Methods: This observational study was conducted using a retrospective cohort method. The study was conducted from August 2021 to May 2022 in hospitals across Padang by completing a questionnaire in the form of a Google form link. Results: Vaccination status of health workers who survived COVID-19 who were treated at Padang City General Hospital (66.97%) were not vaccinated, aged 26–35 years (57.80%), female (80.73%), worked as paramedics (63, 55%), symptom onset 3 to 7 days (44.95%), number of symptoms 3 (55.96%), most fever (24.68%), number of comorbid 1 to 2 (66.06%), obesity (66.67%), length of stay <21 days (84.40%), and mild clinical (55.96%) and recovered (92.66%). The highest degree of COVID-19 severity for health workers who were not vaccinated was moderate clinical, 42 samples (57.53%), and vaccinated, predominantly mild clinical, 34 samples (94.44%). The duration of stay of health workers vaccinated was higher than that who were not vaccinated (97.22% vs. 78.08%).Conclusion: The vaccination status of health workers who have survived COVID-19 relates to a clinical degree, length of stay, and outpatient treatment.