bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity in people living with obesity: Improving sustainable and healthier food choices in the retail food environment—the FIO Food project
Authors: Lonnie Marta , Hunter Emma , Stone Rebecca A. , Dineva Mariana , Aggreh Modupe , Greatwood Hannah , Johnstone Alexandra M. ,   the FIO Food team
Published: July 2023

AbstractAt both UK and global level, dietary consumption patterns need to change to address environmental, health and inequality challenges. Despite considerable policy interventions, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United Kingdom has continued to rise with obesity now a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Obesity prevalence is greater among those on lower incomes and the current UK food system, including government policy, does not effectively address this. Current behavioural approaches, without the support of structural changes in the system, may even widen the inequalities gap. Hence, using behavioural insights from those living with obesity and food insecurity, the project will explore potential avenues that can be applied in the food system to promote healthier choices in the food retail environment. The National Food Strategy report recommends that the UK food system should ensure “safe, healthy, affordable food; regardless of where people live or how much they earn”. However, the association between food insecurity and the development of obesity is not well understood in relation to purchasing behaviours in the UK retail food environment, nor is the potential effectiveness of interventions that seek to prevent and reduce the impact of diet‐induced health harms. The FIO Food (Food insecurity in people living with obesity – improving sustainable and healthier food choices in the retail food environment) project provides a novel and multi‐disciplinary collaborative approach with co‐development at the heart to address these challenges. Using four interlinked work packages, the FIO Food project will combine our knowledge of large‐scale population data with an understanding of lived experiences of food shopping for people living with obesity and food insecurity, to develop solutions to support more sustainable and healthier food choices in the UK retail food environment.
Automatic calibration of terrestrial laser scanners using intensity features
Authors: Qiao Jing , Medic Tomislav , Baumann‐Ouyang Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose an in situ self‐calibration method by detecting and matching intensity features on the local planes in overlapping point clouds based on the Förstner operator. We successfully matched the intensity features from scans at different locations by feature matching on common local planes rather than on the rasterised grids of the horizontal and vertical angles adopted by the affirmed keypoint‐based algorithm. The capability of extracting features from different stations offers the possibility of comprehensive scanner calibration, solving the disadvantage that the existing keypoint‐based methods can only estimate the two‐face‐sensitive model parameters. The proposed algorithm has been tested with a high‐precision panoramic scanner, Leica RTC360, using datasets from a calibration hall and a general working scenario. It has been shown that the proposed approach consistently calibrates the two‐face‐sensitive model parameters with the affirmed keypoint‐based one. For the case of comprehensive calibration with the offset estimated and some angular parameters separated where the previous keypoint‐based one failed, the proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of 0.16 mm, 2.7″ and 2.1″ in range, azimuth and elevation for the estimated target centres. The proposed algorithm can accurately calibrate two‐face‐sensitive and more comprehensive model parameters without any preparation on‐site, for example, mounting targets.
Optimisation of sample geometry for thermo‐mechanical testing of precipitation hardenable nickel‐based superalloys with an ETMT machine
Authors: King Michael , Rahimi Salaheddin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccurate determination of thermo‐mechanical properties in precipitation hardenable materials using an electro‐thermal mechanical testing (ETMT) system is a well‐established challenge. The non‐uniform distribution of temperature resulting from heating based on the joule effect (i.e., resistivity heating) leads to heterogeneous deformation along the gauge length, owing to the temperature dependency of mechanical properties, which makes their direct measurements complicated. This study presents an evaluation of four different miniaturised sample geometries that were tested to achieve an optimised sample with acceptable uniform strain and temperature distributions in the gauge volume. In‐situ displacement mapping, using digital image correlation (DIC), was utilised to calibrate the optimised sample dimensions with the aim of forcing the deformation to the hottest region of the gauge lengths during the tests. Tests were carried out on Inconel 718 (IN718) at 720°C, an optimal temperature for the precipitation of γ″, the primary strengthening particle in this alloy. The results showed that only in the case of the geometry proposed in this study (i.e., a sample with a short gauge length [~2 mm]) did the deformation acceptably localise at the centre, compared to other geometries. A correction methodology is developed that equates the strain measured using DIC over the 2 mm gauge length of the modified sample geometry with the strain measured using the linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) integrated to the ETMT, making future tests on IN718, and other precipitation hardenable materials, possible without the need for the use of a DIC system.
Enumeration and Identification of Unique 3D Spatial Topologies of Interconnected Engineering Systems Using Spatial Graphs
Authors: Peddada Satya R. T. , Dunfield Nathan M. , Zeidner Lawrence E. , Givans Zane R. , James Kai A. , Allison James T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Systematic enumeration and identification of unique 3D spatial topologies (STs) of complex engineering systems (such as automotive cooling systems, electric power trains, satellites, and aero-engines) are essential to navigation of these expansive design spaces with the goal of identifying new spatial configurations that can satisfy challenging system requirements. However, efficient navigation through discrete 3D ST options is a very challenging problem due to its combinatorial nature and can quickly exceed human cognitive abilities at even moderate complexity levels. This article presents a new, efficient, and scalable design framework that leverages mathematical spatial graph theory to represent, enumerate, and identify distinctive 3D topological classes for a generic 3D engineering system, given its system architecture (SA)—its components and their interconnections. First, spatial graph diagrams (SGDs) are generated for a given SA from zero to a specified maximum number of interconnect crossings. Then, corresponding Yamada polynomials for all the planar SGDs are generated. SGDs are categorized into topological classes, each of which shares a unique Yamada polynomial. Finally, within each topological class, 3D geometric models are generated using the SGDs having different numbers of interconnect crossings. Selected case studies are presented to illustrate the different features of our proposed framework, including an industrial engineering design application: ST enumeration of a 3D automotive fuel cell cooling system (AFCS). Design guidelines are also provided for practicing engineers to aid the application of this framework to different types of real-world problems such as configuration design and spatial packaging optimization.
Virtual Motivation: The Psychological and Transfer of Learning Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality Practice
Authors: Markwell Logan T. , Velten Joei R. , Partridge Julie A. , Porter Jared M. 
Published: July 2023

Previous research has shown practice within an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment improves performance in a physical environment. Increased user motivation is one possible advantage of practicing in VR. One recent study showed that an enriched gaming environment led to higher levels of engagement, resulting in a direct learning benefit. The purpose of this study was to compare the intrinsic motivation, engagement, and transfer of learning between VR practice and physical practice of the same motor skill. Participants (n = 61) were randomly assigned to a physical (n = 30) or a VR practice group (n = 31) in which they performed a golf putting task. Analyses showed VR practice led to a significantly greater increase in average intrinsic motivation inventory score than physical practice. Analyses for performance showed there was a significant (p < .001) improvement in accuracy (i.e., radial error) from pre- to posttest, but the two groups did not differ. Overall, these results partially support our hypotheses suggesting that VR practice led to a greater increase in motivation compared with physical practice. Additionally, these results suggest that VR practice was similarly effective at improving accuracy compared with physical practice. Future research directions are discussed.
Sources of Substance and Genetic Relation of Soil and Bauxite-Bearing Horizons in the Laterite Profile of the Weathering Crust (of the Fouta Jallon–Mandingo Province, Republic of Guinea)
Authors: Makarova M. A. , Shipilova E. S. , Boeva N. M. , Vnuchkov D. A. , Bortnikov N. S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For the first time, a granulometric analysis of lateritic soils was carried out and the sources of the substance involved in the formation of the degradation zone in the bauxite-bearing laterite profile of the bauxite-bearing province of Futa Jallon-Mandingo were identified. Throughout the province, on the stony rocks of the lateritic covers, the soil horizon occurs everywhere—the uppermost element of the vertical profile of the weathering crust. In the soil horizon, most of the components become mobile, leaching processes predominate, and laterites are mobilized and redistributed. The study of these continental formations made it possible to establish the genetic relationship between the soil horizon of the weathering crust and the underlying bauxite ores, and to determine the degree of influence of soil composition on the processes of bauxite formation.
Estimation of Methane Flow from the Bottom of the Kara Sea
Authors: Voropaev S. A. , Sevastyanov V. S. , Dushenko N. V. , Bryukhanov A. L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
During the expedition of cruise 81 on R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2020, extensive material, representing columns of bottom sediments up to 6 m deep in the Kara Sea, was selected. After the lithological description of the columns, sediment samples were taken from the different horizons for degassing of pore gases. The extracted gas samples were analyzed for the content of the main gases, such as methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and light hydrocarbons. The characteristic features of changes in the CH4 and CO2 content with the depth of the bottom sediments at station 6879 (the Kara Sea shelf) were studied. A model of gas diffusion was constructed taking into account the biochemical reactions of methanogenesis and methane oxidation. The rate of methane formation can be estimated by the value J ≈ 3 × 10−10 μg s−1 L−1 (per liter of sediment). The coefficient of rate of methane consumption by microorganisms is K ≈ 0.5 × 10−10 s−1. The methane flow from the bottom surface of the Kara Sea near station 6879 is q ≈ 3.47 × 10−1 μL m−2 yr−1.
Global Geodynamic Model of the Modern Earth and Its Application to the Antarctic Region
Authors: Baranov A. A. , Lobkovskii L. I. , Bobrov A. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A geodynamic model of the modern Earth was constructed based on the SMEAN 2 global seismic tomography model. Considering the distribution of mantle temperature anomalies in this model, the numerical simulation of a three-dimensional flow of a viscous mantle was carried out taking into account the dependence of the viscosity on temperature and depth in the spherical Earth. The Stokes equation was solved by the finite element method using the CitcomS code. The obtained data on the distribution of the temperature anomalies, dynamic topography, and velocity field in the mantle were used to analyze structural features and geodynamics in the West Antarctic region, as well as the anomalous acceleration of glacier movement and destruction in this area. In particular, the existence and current activity of the West Antarctic Rift System including one of the largest volcanic provinces on the Earth were explained. This explanation was consistent with the measurement data on increased heat flow on the surface. The increased heat flow and volcanic activity in this region lead to instability and accelerated runoff of the West Antarctic ice sheets into the ocean, thus posing the potential threat of a substantial rise in the global sea level.
Histone Methyltransferase NSD2 Activates PKCα to Drive Metabolic Reprogramming and Lenalidomide Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Chong Phyllis S.Y. , Chooi Jing-Yuan , Lim Julia S.L. , Leow Aaron C.Y. , Toh Sabrina Hui Min , Azaman Irfan , Koh Mun Yee , Teoh Phaik Ju , Tan Tuan Zea , Chung Tae-Hoon , Chng Wee Joo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Multiple myeloma cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived bone marrow microenvironment. Primary oncogenes in recurrent translocations might be able to drive metabolic heterogeneity to survive the microenvironment that can present new vulnerabilities for therapeutic targeting. t(4;14) translocation leads to the universal overexpression of histone methyltransferase NSD2 that promotes plasma cell transformation through a global increase in H3K36me2. Here, we identified PKCα as an epigenetic target that contributes to the oncogenic potential of NSD2. RNA sequencing of t(4;14) multiple myeloma cell lines revealed a significant enrichment in the regulation of metabolic processes by PKCα, and the glycolytic gene, hexokinase 2 (HK2), was transcriptionally regulated by PKCα in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. Loss of PKCα displaced mitochondria-bound HK2 and reversed sensitivity to the glycolytic inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate. In addition, the perturbation of glycolytic flux led to a metabolic shift to a less energetic state and decreased ATP production. Metabolomics analysis indicated lactate as a differential metabolite associated with PKCα. As a result, PKCα conferred resistance to the immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) lenalidomide in a cereblon-independent manner and could be phenocopied by either overexpression of HK2 or direct supplementation of lactate. Clinically, t(4;14) patients had elevated plasma lactate levels and did not benefit from lenalidomide-based regimens. Altogether, this study provides insights into the epigenetic-metabolism cross-talk in multiple myeloma and highlights the opportunity for therapeutic intervention that leverages the distinct metabolic program in t(4;14) myeloma.

Significance:
Aberrant glycolysis driven by NSD2-mediated upregulation of PKCα can be therapeutically exploited using metabolic inhibitors with lactate as a biomarker to identify high-risk patients who exhibit poor response towards IMiD-based regimens.
Diagnostic Performance and Safety of a Novel Ferumoxytol-Enhanced Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Dong Zhou , Si Guangxiang , Zhu Xiaomei , Li Chen , Hua Rui , Teng Jianzhen , Zhang Wenhao , Xu Lulu , Qian Wen , Liu Bo , Wang Jun , Wang Tong , Tang Yingdan , Zhao Yang , Gong Xiaoxuan , Tao Zhiwen , Xu Zhihui , Li Yong , Chen Bo , Kong Xiangqing , Xu Yi , Gu Ning , Li Chunjian 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Currently, noninvasive arteriography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is clinically limited to the computed tomography scanning, where patients have to be exposed to the radiation and risks associated with iodinated contrast. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance and safety of a novel ferumoxytol-enhanced coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

METHODS:
Thirty patients, 19 males, with a median age of 63 years old, and 17 with renal insufficiency, who were scheduled for invasive coronary angiography, were enrolled. Ferumoxytol was administered intravenously with a dose of 3 mg/kg during CMRA. Images were acquired with an ECG-triggered, navigator-gated, inversion recovery-prepared 3D fast low-angle shot sequence, and the image quality was assessed by a 4-point scale. Eighteen-segment coronary artery model was adopted to evaluate the visibility of the coronary arteries, and the image quality and stenosis were evaluated in nine segments. The diagnostic performance of CMRA is described as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy with the invasive coronary angiography results as reference. The patients’ vital signs were monitored during CMRA, and their hepatic and renal functions were followed up for 3 months to evaluate the safety of ferumoxytol.

RESULTS:
Two hundred fifty-two of the 270 study segments were identified by CMRA, and their quality score reached 3.6±0.7. Referring to the invasive coronary angiography results, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of ferumoxytol-enhanced CMRA reached 100.0%, 66.7%, 92.3%, 100.0%, and 93.3% respectively in patient-based analysis; 91.4%, 90.9%, 86.5%, 94.3%, and 91.1%, respectively in vessel-based analysis; and 92.3%, 96.7%, 83.7%, 98.6%, and 96.0%, respectively in segment-based analysis. No ferumoxytol-related adverse event was observed during the 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ferumoxytol-enhanced CMRA demonstrated good diagnostic performance and excellent safety in the diagnosis of significant coronary stenosis, providing an alternative to coronary computed tomography angiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05032937.
Disparities in 1-Year-Mortality in Infants With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Insights From Contemporary National Data
Authors: Steurer Martina A. , McCulloch Charles , Santana Stephanie , Collins James W. , Branche Tonia , Costello John M. , Peyvandi Shabnam 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Racial inequities in congenital heart disease (CHD) outcomes are well documented, but contributing factors warrant further investigation. We examined the interplay between race, socioeconomic position, and neonatal variables (prematurity and small for gestational age) on 1-year death in infants with CHD. We hypothesize that socioeconomic position mediates a significant part of observed racial disparities in CHD outcomes.

METHODS:
Linked birth/death files from the Natality database for all liveborn neonates in the United States were examined from 2014 to 2018. Infants with cyanotic CHD were identified. Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic infants were compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) infants. The primary outcome was 1-year death. Socioeconomic position was defined as maternal education and insurance status. Variables included as mediators were prematurity, small for gestational age, and socioeconomic position. Structural equation modeling was used to calculate the contribution of each mediator to the disparity in 1-year death.

RESULTS:
We identified 7167 NHW, 1393 NHB, and 1920 Hispanic infants with cyanotic CHD. NHB race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with increased 1-year death compared to NHW (OR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.25–1.64] and 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03–1.33], respectively). The effect of socioeconomic position explained 28.2% (CI, 15.1–54.8) of the death disparity between NHB and NHW race and 100% (CI, 42.0–368) of the disparity between Hispanic and NHW. This was mainly driven by maternal education (21.3% [CI, 12.1–43.3] and 82.8% [CI, 33.1–317.8], respectively) while insurance status alone did not explain a significant percentage. The direct effect of race or ethnicity became nonsignificant: NHB versus NHW 43.1% (CI, −0.3 to 63.6) and Hispanic versus NHW −19.0% (CI, −329.4 to 45.3).

CONCLUSIONS:
Less privileged socioeconomic position, especially lower maternal education, explains a large portion of the 1-year death disparity in Black and Hispanic infants with CHD. These findings identify targets for social interventions to decrease racial disparities.
A Parametric Model of Tropical Cyclone Surface Winds for Sea and Land
Authors: Kepert Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Parametric models of tropical cyclone winds are widely used for risk assessment. Although tropical cyclones often present their worst wind risk to humanity during landfall, parametric models that represent land–sea differences are rare. This paper presents a parametric model with explicit representation of land–sea differences. Statistical models were developed over each surface of the frictional wind speed reduction from gradient level to 10 m, and of the surface inflow angle, based on about 1200 simulations with a three-dimensional dynamical boundary layer model. The wind profile of Willoughby et al. is used to represent the gradient flow, and a maximum likelihood scheme used to fit this profile to best track data. The mean RMS difference between the statistical and dynamical surface winds within 100 km of the storm center is 0.78 m s−1 and 4.26° over sea, and 1.04 m s−1 and 4.59° over land. During landfall, the use of a common gradient-level structure, but different surface roughnesses, provides dynamical consistency between the estimated winds over sea and land. A simple representation of internal boundary layers is applied near the coast. Analysis of the dynamical simulations revealed substantial consistency with observational studies of the tropical cyclone boundary layer, including that the azimuth of the surface wind maximum is on average 65° from the front of the storm, in the left-forward quadrant in the Southern Hemisphere. There was, however, substantial variability around this figure, with the maximum occurring in the opposite forward quadrant in storms that were intense, and/or had a relatively rapid decrease in wind speed outside of the radius of maximum winds.
The impact of invasive treatment of superficial venous insufficiency of the lower extremities on cardiac functions
Authors: Koca Fatih , Levent Fatih , Tatlı Ahmet Burak , Demir Mehmet , Tenekecioglu Erhan 
Published: July 2023

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of invasive treatment for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) on cardiac hemodynamics. Methods Fifty three patients diagnosed with saphenofemoral junction or great saphenous vein insufficiency in a level above C3 according to Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology classification were included in the study. All the patients underwent 2D echocardiography before and 3 months after the invasive treatment. Results In postinvasive treatment echocardiographic assessment, significant decreases in right ventricular end-diastolic diameter ( p = 0.006), TAPSE ( p = 0.006), tricuspid E wave velocity ( p = 0.004), tricuspid E/A ratio ( p < 0.001), sPAB ( p = 0.017), tricuspid lateral s' wave velocity ( p = 0.004), and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain rate ( p = 0.011) were observed. Conclusions The invasive treatment of superficial venous insufficiency of the lower extremities may lead to reduction in the increased venous return in the supine position subclinically.