bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of Both Localized Electronic States and Electron Gas at Rutile TiO2 Surfaces
Authors: Shen Shengchun , Wang Meng , Zhang Yang , Lyu Yingjie , Tian Di , Gao Chang , Long Youwen , Zhao Jin , Yu Pu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLocalized electron polarons formed through the coupling of excess electrons and ionic vibrations play a key role in the functionalities of materials. However, the mechanism of the coexistence of delocalized electrons and localized polarons remains underexplored. Here, the discovery of high‐mobility 2D electron gas at the rutile TiO2 surfaces through argon ion irradiation induced oxygen vacancies is reported. Strikingly, the electron gas forms localized electronic states at lower temperatures, resulting in an abrupt metal–insulator transition. Moreover, it is found that the low‐temperature conductivity in the insulating state is dominated by excess free electrons with a high mobility of ≈103 cm2 V−1 s−1, whereas the carrier density is dramatically suppressed with decreasing temperature. Remarkably, it reveals that the application of an electric field can lead to a collapse of the localized states, resulting in a metallic state. These results reveal the strongly correlated/coupled nature between the localized electrons and high‐mobility electrons and offer a new pathway to probe and harvest the exotic electron states at the complex oxide surfaces.
Highly Efficient 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals in Ferroelectrics
Authors: Liu Shan , Wang Lei , Mazur Leszek Mateusz , Switkowski Krzysztof , Wang Bingxia , Chen Feng , Arie Ady , Krolikowski Wieslaw , Sheng Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNonlinear photonic crystals (NPCs) with spatially modulated second‐order nonlinear coefficients are indispensable in nonlinear optics and modern photonics. To access full degrees of freedom in the generation and control of coherent light at new frequencies, three dimensional (3D) NPCs have been recently fabricated employing the femtosecond laser writing technique in ferroelectric crystals. However, the nonlinear interaction efficiencies in 3D NPCs so far are rather low, which has been a major barrier to further development. Here, fabrication challenges of large‐scale 3D NPCs have been overcome to realize more than four orders of magnitude efficiency improvement over previously reported crystals. With the generation of second harmonic vortex beam as an example, the measured conversion efficiencies as high as 2.9 × 10−6 W−1 (femtosecond pulse‐pumped) and 1.2 × 10−5 W−1 (continuous‐wave‐pumped) are comparable with those in 1D or 2D NPCs. A general approach of structural simplification to relax fabrication challenge of truly complex 3D structures without sacrificing the predesigned functions is also presented. This realization of efficient nonlinear interactions in 3D NPCs paves the way for their novel applications in nonlinear photonics and quantum optics including nonlinear orbital angular momentum multiplexing and high‐dimensional entangled source.
Enhanced Optical Gain from Photoactivated Colloidal Quantum Wells
Authors: Wei Huayu , Wang Chenlin , Li Xiaoxiao , Meng Heyan , Tong Bingyi , Li Luxi , Zhan Xuepeng , Jin Bing , Sun Baoqing , Zong Yanmin , Zhao Xian , Gao Yuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCadmium chalcogenide colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are a unique class of optical gain materials that can be precisely engineered in terms of thickness and composition at the atomic level using colloidal atomic layer deposition (c‐ALD). However, the atomic layer deposition is typically performed at room temperature, resulting in low emission efficiency and the need for additional thermal annealing. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) illumination is used to treat the CQWs prepared using c‐ALD and a significant improvement in their photoluminescence is observed, with an irreversible 79‐fold increase. Furthermore, the lasing threshold is reduced to two‐thirds of the untreated samples, enabling whispering gallery mode lasing from the CQW in solution. This research demonstrates an efficient and convenient method for boosting the emission from the CQWs and highlights the advantages of CQWs as optical gain media that can be engineered with atomic precision.
Application of Thermogels to the Anterior of the Eye as Alternatives to Conventional Eyedrops
Authors: Ross Mitchell , Sheardown Heather 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe anterior of the eye can be affected by numerous different diseases, but the treatment of these diseases is dominated by topical formulations which are well documented to be largely ineffective. To increase the efficacy of these drugs, thermogel formulations have been developed for sustained release following application to the anterior of the eye. These thermogel formulations have been designed for either injectable or topical application. The types of polymers used to create the thermogels, testing methods, and subsequent performance will be outlined in this review. The current trends in design including increasing mechanical performance, utilizing designed degradation, incorporation of micro or nanoparticles, and developing mucoadhesion formulations are also highlighted.
Material Stiffness in Cooperation with Macrophage Paracrine Signals Determines the Tenogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Sheng Renwang , Liu Jia , Zhang Wei , Luo Yifan , Chen Zhixuan , Chi Jiayu , Mo Qingyun , Wang Mingyue , Sun Yuzhi , Liu Chuanquan , Zhang Yanan , Zhu Yue , Kuang Baian , Yan Chunguang , Liu Haoyang , Backman Ludvig J. , Chen Jialin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStiffness is an important physical property of biomaterials that determines stem cell fate. Guiding stem cell differentiation via stiffness modulation has been considered in tissue engineering. However, the mechanism by which material stiffness regulates stem cell differentiation into the tendon lineage remains controversial. Increasing evidence demonstrates that immune cells interact with implanted biomaterials and regulate stem cell behaviors via paracrine signaling; however, the role of this mechanism in tendon differentiation is not clear. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with different stiffnesses are developed, and the tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposed to different stiffnesses and macrophage paracrine signals is investigated. The results reveal that lower stiffnesses facilitates tenogenic differentiation of MSCs, while macrophage paracrine signals at these stiffnesses suppress the differentiation. When exposed to these two stimuli, MSCs still exhibit enhanced tendon differentiation, which is further elucidated by global proteomic analysis. Following subcutaneous implantation in rats for 2 weeks, soft biomaterial induces only low inflammation and promotes tendon‐like tissue formation. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that soft, rather than stiff, material has a greater potential to guide tenogenic differentiation of stem cells, which provides comprehensive evidence for optimized bioactive scaffold design in tendon tissue engineering.
Antiviral Nanobiologic Therapy Remodulates Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronavirus
Authors: Liu Xuan , Yuan Lunzhi , Chen Jijing , Zhang Yali , Chen Peiwen , Zhou Ming , Xie Jiaxuan , Ma Jian , Zhang Jianzhong , Wu Kun , Tang Qiyi , Yuan Quan , Zhu Huachen , Cheng Tong , Guan Yi , Liu Gang , Xia Ningshao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHighly pathogenic coronavirus (CoV) infection induces a defective innate antiviral immune response coupled with the dysregulated release of proinflammatory cytokines and finally results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A timely and appropriate triggering of innate antiviral response is crucial to inhibit viral replication and prevent ARDS. However, current medical countermeasures can rarely meet this urgent demand. Here, an antiviral nanobiologic named CoVR‐MV is developed, which is polymerized of CoVs receptors based on a biomimetic membrane vesicle system. The designed CoVR‐MV interferes with the viral infection by absorbing the viruses with maximized viral spike target interface, and mediates the clearance of the virus through its inherent interaction with macrophages. Furthermore, CoVR‐MV coupled with the virus promotes a swift production and signaling of endogenous type I interferon via deregulating 7‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation in macrophages. These sequential processes re‐modulate the innate immune responses to the virus, trigger spontaneous innate antiviral defenses, and rescue infected Syrian hamsters from ARDS caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 and all tested variants.
Terahertz Spectroscopy Sheds Light on Real‐Time Exchange Kinetics Occurring through Plasma Membrane during Photodynamic Therapy Treatment
Authors: Zheng Xiujun , Lordon Blandine , Mingotaud Anne‐Françoise , Vicendo Patricia , Brival Rachel , Fourquaux Isabelle , Gibot Laure , Gallot Guilhem 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMethods to follow in real time complex processes occurring along living cell membranes such as cell permeabilization are rare. Here, the terahertz spectroscopy reveals early events in plasma membrane alteration generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT) protocol, events which are not observable in any other conventional biological techniques performed in parallel as comparison. Photodynamic process is examined in Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells using Pheophorbide (Pheo) photosensitizer alone or alternatively encapsulated in poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) micelles for drug delivery purpose. Terahertz spectroscopy (THz) reveals that plasma membrane permeabilization starts simultaneously with illumination and is stronger when photosensitizer is encapsulated. In parallel, the exchange of biological species is assessed. Over several hours, this conventional approach demonstrates significant differences between free and encapsulated Pheo, the latter leading to high penetration of propidium iodide, Na+ and Ca2+ ions, and a high level of leakage of K+, ATP, and lactate dehydrogenase. THz spectroscopy provides, in a single measurement, the relative number of defects per membrane surface created after PDT, which is not achieved by any other method, providing early, sensitive real‐time information. THz spectroscopy is therefore a promising technique and can be applied to any biological topic requiring the examination of short‐term plasma membrane permeabilization.
Ultrasound Responsive Nanovaccine Armed with Engineered Cancer Cell Membrane and RNA to Prevent Foreseeable Metastasis
Authors: Sun Wenqi , Ji Panpan , Zhou Tian , Li Zhelong , Xing Changyang , Zhang Liang , Wei Mengying , Yang Guodong , Yuan Lijun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCancer vaccine has been considered as a promising immunotherapy by inducing specific anti‐tumor immune response. Rational vaccination at suitable time to efficiently present tumor associated antigen will boost tumor immunity and is badly needed. Here, a poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐based cancer vaccine of nanoscale is designed, in which engineered tumor cell membrane proteins, mRNAs, and sonosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) are encapsulated at high efficiency. The nanosized vaccine can be efficiently delivered into antigen presentation cells (APCs) in lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection. In the APCs, the encapsulated cell membrane and RNA from engineered cells, which have disturbed splicing resembling the metastatic cells, provide neoantigens of metastatic cancer in advance. Moreover, the sonosensitizer Ce6 together with ultrasound irradiation promotes mRNA escape from endosome, and augments antigen presentation. Through 4T1 syngeneic mouse model, it has been proved that the proposed nanovaccine is efficient to elicit antitumor immunity and thus prevent cancer metastasis.
On the robustness/replication of econometric analyses from nonlinear models using various commonplace software packages
Authors: Capps Oral 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBecause replicability is an important part of every scientific endeavor, this research deals with comparing and contrasting parameter estimates, standard errors, and p‐values from the estimation of five commonly encountered nonlinear models in applied econometrics. Commonplace software packages indigenous to econometrics and statistics are used, namely EVIEWS 11.0, SAS 9.4, Stata 17, and R 4.1.2 in five replication exercises to determine potential differences, if any, in empirical results. The hypothesis that mainstream software packages generate different empirical results in the estimation of nonlinear models is confirmed for the polynomial distributed lag (PDL) model and the GARCH(1,1) model. For the probit model and the Barten synthetic demand system model, the differences in parameter estimates, standard errors, and p‐values are less evident across the four commonly used software packages. For the Tobit model, the respective sets of parameter estimates, standard errors, and p‐values are nearly identical across the respective software packages. Economic analysts should not just accept estimation results uncritically, but instead, conduct sensitivity analyses involving the use of at least two software packages. The agricultural economics profession should adopt this recommendation as standard practice.
Private transfers, public transfers, and food insecurity during the time of COVID‐19: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Akhter , Bakhtiar M. Mehrab , Gilligan Daniel O. , Hoddinott John , Roy Shalini 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic, interest has grown in what kinds of assistance protect household food security during shocks. We study rural and urban Bangladesh from 2018 to 2019 to late 2021, assessing how pre‐pandemic access to social safety net programs and private remittances relate to household food insecurity during the pandemic. Using longitudinal data and estimating differences‐in‐differences models with household fixed effects, we find that pre‐pandemic access to social protection is associated with significant reductions in food insecurity in all rounds collected during the pandemic, particularly in our urban sample. However, pre‐pandemic access to remittances shows no similar protective effect.
Usefulness of serum creatinine and cystatin C ratio as a screening tool for predicting prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tsukagoshi Mariko , Watanabe Akira , Araki Kenichiro , Ishii Norihiro , Hagiwara Kei , Hoshino Kouki , Muranushi Ryo , Harimoto Norifumi , Takizawa Makiko , Shirabe Ken 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the serum creatinine/cystatin C (Cr/CysC) ratio as a prognostic factor after pancreatic surgery in patients with pancreatic cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 88 patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma who underwent pancreatic surgery from January 2017 to December 2020. CysC measured from frozen serum samples and circulating Cr levels were used to calculate the Cr/CysC ratio. The cutoff value of the Cr/CysC ratio was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Cox proportional hazards model analysis and survival curves were applied to identify the prognostic factors.ResultsThe optimal cutoff value of the Cr/CysC ratio for predicting mortality after surgery was 1.05. This study included 20 (22.7%) and 68 (77.3%) patients with high and low Cr/CysC ratios, respectively. The low Cr/CysC ratio was significantly associated with female sex (p = 0.020) and higher levels of C‐reactive protein (p = 0.020). The postoperative length of stay was significantly longer in patients with low Cr/CysC rates (p = 0.044). Patients with low Cr/CysC ratio showed poorer prognosis in relapse‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54–4.20; p = 0.002) and overall survival (HR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.04–6.10, p = 0.041), respectively, which were significantly worse than in those with high Cr/CysC ratios (p = 0.003 and 0.049, respectively).ConclusionThe Cr/CysC ratio could be a useful screening tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma undergoing pancreatic surgery.
Bifunctional photocatalyst with tailored interface scale for cooperative glycerol selective oxidation and H2 evolution
Authors: Gao Mingyu , Zhang Xinyi , Li Xintao , Wang Qian , Feng Junting , Li Dianqing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe propose to fabricate a bifunctional photocatalyst for cooperative glycerol selective oxidation and H2 evolution. The key role of interface scale (nanometer, subnanometer, or atomic level) on tuning catalysis performance was revealed. Specifically, series Pt/defective TiO2 with tailored interface scale were constructed by loading Pt nanoparticle, cluster, and single atom on VTi‐enriched TiO2. It was uncovered that reducing interface scale could largely improve the visible‐light utilization efficiency, the photoexcited electron–hole separation, and well tuned the band structure. It could also enhance the metal–support interaction and thus adjust the chemical behavior toward reactant molecules. The optimized isolated Pt/defective TiO2 with atomic‐level interface achieved 90.6% glycerol conversion and 87.2% C3 products selectivity, accompanied by 7250.4 μmol g−1 H2 accumulative yield. It also exhibited long‐term stability of 36 h without performance loss. Besides, the dominate active site was identified and the possible reaction mechanism was illustrated combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation and quasi in situ experiments.
A molecular kinetic model for heavy gas oil catalytic pyrolysis to light olefins
Authors: Chen Zhengyu , Wang Gang , Zhao Suoqi , Zhang Linzhou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPetroleum catalytic pyrolysis to light olefin technology has received wide‐ranging research interest in the refining industry. This work built a molecular kinetic model for the catalytic pyrolysis of a heavy gas oil from bitumen synthetic crude oil (SCO) to light olefins. A feedstock compositional model was constructed containing 1311 molecules using bulk properties information. A variety of reaction rules was summarized and digitized, and from which, a reaction network involving 2631 substances and 6793 reactions was generated via a reaction network autogeneration algorithm. The reaction network for the catalytic pyrolysis was transformed into reaction rate equations. Systematical pilot‐scale catalytic pyrolysis experiments were carried out, which were used to regress the molecular kinetic model parameters. The tuned model is able to predict the product yield and molecular distribution. Moreover, a range of sensitivity analysis was performed, revealing the dependence of light olefins yields on the reaction conditions.
Contradictions in change: Ecological factors in the implementation of outer layer sexual violence prevention
Authors: Rieger Agnes , Blackburn Allyson M. , Nag Apoorva , Holland Hope , Allen Nicole E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examined the adoption and implementation process in early efforts to implement ecological (“outer layer”) sexual violence (SV) prevention strategies. Interviews with 28 preventionists from 26 local sites within a large, midwestern state, were conducted to examine individual preventionists' problem definitions of SV and ecological factors surrounding implementation. Findings suggest that SV prevention in the state is primarily implemented at the individual‐level; when preventionists described engaging in or anticipating outer layer interventions, they were often tertiary (i.e., responding after perpetration; e.g., Sexual Assault Response Teams). A majority expressed problem definitions rooted within the individual (e.g., perpetration due to a lack of consent education), and a majority of implemented efforts matched this individual‐level conceptualization. Yet, contradictions between problem definitions (e.g., SV stemming from oppression) and implemented activities (e.g., single‐session educational interventions) emerged. Such contradictions may be best understood in light of contextual implementation influences: diverse preventionist job responsibilities, less training/support for outer layer prevention, preventionist autonomy, leadership messaging, time requirements, partner reticence, and extensive work with schools. Inner layer influences, including identification with job roles, preference for, and a sense of urgency toward inner layer work, appeared to interact with contextual factors. Implications across community psychology domains are discussed.
Synthesis of β‐Hydroxylsulfones through Cobalt‐catalyzed Aerobic Oxysulfonylation of Styrenes with Sulfonyl Chlorides
Authors: Yu Yanting , Wang Zhigang , Fang Zeguo , Zhang Qian , Li Dong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA novel method for synthesis of β‐hydroxylsulfone derivatives by cobalt‐catalyzed aerobic oxysulfonylation of styrenes with sulfonyl chlorides was developed. This reaction proceeds under simple and mild conditions, employing inexpensive cobalt as the catalyst and molecular oxygen as the oxidant. It showed a broad substrate scope and provided a series of β‐hydroxylsulfone in moderate to good yields.
A Catalyst‐ and Metal‐free Approach towards the Synthesis of β‐Carboline tethered Imidazole Derivatives and Assessment of their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Vaishali  , Singh Virender 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA simple, facile, and highly efficient approach has been unfolded for the syntheses of β‐carboline tethered imidazole derivatives. This expeditious catalyst‐free strategy proceeds through the assembly of 1‐formyl‐9H‐β‐carbolines, glyoxal derivatives and ammonium acetate via the formation of concomitant four C−N bonds in a one‐pot operation. The current approach has various advantages, including multicomponent nature, simple reaction conditions, short reaction time, broad substrate scope, and high product yield. Importantly, the β‐carboline tethered imidazole derivatives displayed excellent photophysical properties with quantum yield up to 90%.
Bimetallic Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling‐Elimination Reaction: An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Unsubstituted Terminal 1, 3‐Enynes
Authors: Shi Yijun , Sun Xinyue , Qu Shengping , Xiong Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, an efficient strategy to synthesize 2‐unsubstituted terminal 1, 3‐enynes in high yields by bimetallic Pd/Cu‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling‐elimination reaction of iodobenzenes with 4‐bromobut‐1‐yne was reported. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 4‐bromobut‐1‐yne as an efficient 1, 3‐enynes reagent, and the method is more convenient and cost‐effective than other reported synthetic methods, which are hindered by the laborious preparation of starting materials, the high cost of bromoethene, and the inconvenient handling of gas acetylene.