bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are HPV‐negative lesions concerned for the introduction of primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in Japan?
Authors: Hideshima Misako , Hashiguchi Mariko , Honda Atsuko , Umezaki Yasushi , Okuma Ryoichi , Hikari Takako , Fukuda Asako , Okugawa Kaoru , Yokoyama Masatoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimIn Japan, primary human papilloma virus (HPV) testing has not been introduced for cervical cancer screening due to concerns that HPV‐negative lesions may be missed and a lack of Japanese data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of primary HPV testing in Japan by analyzing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) or more/high‐risk HPV− (CIN2+/hrHPV−) cases in cervical cancer screening.MethodsData from 35 525 cervical cancer screenings with HPV testing and cervical cytology from 2011 to 2019 in Saga City, Japan, were reviewed. The cases with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL+)/hrHPV− were analyzed in detail.ResultsThe results of the 35 525 examinees were as follows: 31 123 were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM)/hrHPV–, 2612 were NILM/hrHPV+, 262 were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US)/hrHPV–, 213 were ASC‐US/hrHPV+, 291 were LSIL+/hrHPV−, and 1024 were LSIL+/hrHPV+. Of the 256 LSIL+/hrHPV− examinees for whom histology was available, CIN2+ were CIN2 9.4% (24/256), CIN3 3.9% (10/256), cervical adenocarcinoma 0.4% (1/256), uterine corpus cancer 1.2% (3/256), and uterine sarcoma 0.4% (1/256). Overall, the rate of LSIL+/hrHPV− was 0.82% (291/35.525), 0.1% (36/35525) of which were cervical lesions with CIN2+. Only one cervical adenocarcinoma was detected, but gastric‐type adenocarcinoma was not included.ConclusionHPV‐negative CIN2+ or cervical adenocarcinoma is not a concern for the introduction of primary HPV screening in Japan. Primary HPV testing in cervical cancer screening is considered a feasible method that can be used in Japan, although an algorithm suitable for Japan and a national‐level management system need to be established.
Conservation of beneficial microbes between the rhizosphere and the cyanosphere
Authors: Zheng Qing , Hu Yuntao , Kosina Suzanne M. , Van Goethem Marc W. , Tringe Susannah G. , Bowen Benjamin P. , Northen Trent R. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBiocrusts are phototroph‐driven communities inhabiting arid soil surfaces. Like plants, most photoautotrophs (largely cyanobacteria) in biocrusts are thought to exchange fixed carbon for essential nutrients like nitrogen with cyanosphere bacteria. Here, we aim to compare beneficial interactions in rhizosphere and cyanosphere environments, including finding growth‐promoting strains for hosts from both environments.To examine this, we performed a retrospective analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing datasets, host–microbe co‐culture experiments between biocrust communities/biocrust isolates and a model grass (Brachypodium distachyon) or a dominant biocrust cyanobacterium (Microcoleus vaginatus), and metabolomic analysis.All 18 microbial phyla in the cyanosphere were also present in the rhizosphere, with additional 17 phyla uniquely found in the rhizosphere. The biocrust microbes promoted the growth of the model grass, and three biocrust isolates (Boseasp._L1B56,Pseudarthrobactersp._L1D14 andPseudarthrobacter picheli_L1D33) significantly promoted the growth of both hosts. Moreover, pantothenic acid was produced byPseudarthrobactersp._L1D14 when grown onB.distachyonexudates, and supplementation of plant growth medium with this metabolite increasedB.distachyonbiomass by over 60%.These findings suggest that cyanobacteria and other diverse photoautotrophic hosts can be a source for new plant growth‐promoting microbes and metabolites.
A Glu209Lys substitution in DRG1/TaACT7, which disturbs F‐actin organization, reduces plant height and grain length in bread wheat
Authors: Xie Zhencheng , Zhang Lichao , Zhang Qiang , Lu Yan , Dong Chunhao , Li Danping , Liu Xu , Xia Chuan , Kong Xiuying 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Plant height and grain size are two important agronomic traits that are closely related to crop yield. Numerous dwarf and grain‐shape mutants have been studied to identify genes that can be used to increase crop yield and improve breeding programs.

In this study, we characterized a dominant mutant, dwarf and round grain 1 (drg1‐D), in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). drg1‐D plants exhibit multiple phenotypic changes, including dwarfism, round grains, and insensitivity to brassinosteroids (BR). Cell structure observation in drg1‐D mutant plants showed that the reduced organ size is due to irregular cell shape.

Using map‐based cloning and verification in transgenic plants, we found that a Glu209Lys substitution in the DRG1 protein is responsible for the irregular cell size and arrangement in the drg1‐D mutant. DRG1/TaACT7 encodes an actin family protein that is essential for polymerization stability and microfilament (MF) formation. In addition, the BR response and vesicular transport were altered by the abnormal actin cytoskeleton in drg1‐D mutant plants.

Our study demonstrates that DRG1/TaACT7 plays an important role in wheat cell shape determination by modulating actin organization and intracellular material transport, which could in the longer term provide tools to better understand the polymerization of actin and its assembly into filaments and arrays.
Design, analysis, and interpretation of treatment response heterogeneity in personalized nutrition and obesity treatment research
Authors: Zoh Roger S. , Esteves Bridget H. , Yu Xiaoxin , Fairchild Amanda J. , Vazquez Ana I. , Chapple Andrew G. , Brown Andrew W. , George Brandon , Gordon Derek , Landsittel Douglas , Gadbury Gary L. , Pavela Greg , de los Campos Gustavo , Mestre Luis M. , Allison David B. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIt is increasingly assumed that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all approach to dietary recommendations for the management and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. This phenomenon that not all individuals respond uniformly to a given treatment has become an area of research interest given the rise of personalized and precision medicine. To conduct, interpret, and disseminate this research rigorously and with scientific accuracy, however, requires an understanding of treatment response heterogeneity. Here, we define treatment response heterogeneity as it relates to clinical trials, provide statistical guidance for measuring treatment response heterogeneity, and highlight study designs that can quantify treatment response heterogeneity in nutrition and obesity research. Our goal is to educate nutrition and obesity researchers in how to correctly identify and consider treatment response heterogeneity when analyzing data and interpreting results, leading to rigorous and accurate advancements in the field of personalized medicine.
Effect of vertical pump position on start‐up fluid delivery of syringe pumps used for microinfusion
Authors: Weiss Markus , Wendel‐Garcia Pedro David , Grass Beate , Buehler Philipp Karl , Kleine‐Brueggeney Maren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundConnection and opening a syringe infusion pump to a central venous line can lead to acute anterograde or retrograde fluid shifts depending on the level of central venous pressure. This may lead to bolus events or to prolonged lag times of intravenous drug delivery, being particularly relevant when administering vasoactive or inotropic drugs in critically ill patients using microinfusion. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of syringe pump positioning at different vertical heights on start‐up fluid delivery before versus after purging and connection the pump to the central venous catheter.MethodsThis in vitro study measured ante‐ and retrograde infusion volumes delivered to the central venous line after starting the syringe pump at a set infusion rate of 1 mL/h. In setup one, the pump was first positioned to vertical levels of +43 cm or –43 cm and then purged and connected to a central venous catheter. In setup two, the pump was first purged and connected at zero level and secondarily positioned to a vertical level of +43 cm or –43 cm. Central venous pressure was adjusted to 10 mmHg in both setups.ResultsPositioning of the pump prior to purging and connection to the central venous catheter resulted in a better start‐up performance with delivered fluid closer to programmed and expected infusion volumes when compared to the pump first purged, connected, and then positioned. Significant backflow volumes were observed with the pump purged and connected first and then positioned below zero level. No backflow was measured with the pump positioned first below zero level and then purged and connected.ConclusionsSyringe infusion pump assemblies should be positioned prior to purging and connection to a central venous catheter line when starting a new drug, particularly when administering highly concentrated vasoactive or inotropic drugs delivered at low flow rates.
Increased activity of core photorespiratory enzymes and CO2 transfer conductances are associated with higher and more optimal photosynthetic rates under elevated temperatures in the extremophile Rhazya stricta
Authors: Gregory Luke M. , Roze Ludmila V. , Walker Berkley J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncrease photorespiration and optimising intrinsic water use efficiency are unique challenges to photosynthetic carbon fixation at elevated temperatures. To determine how plants can adapt to facilitate high rates of photorespiration at elevated temperatures while also maintaining water‐use efficiency, we performed in‐depth gas exchange and biochemical assays of the C3 extremophile, Rhazya stricta. These results demonstrate that R. stricta supports higher rates of photorespiration under elevated temperatures and that these higher rates of photorespiration correlate with increased activity of key photorespiratory enzymes; phosphoglycolate phosphatase and catalase. The increased photorespiratory enzyme activities may increase the overall capacity of photorespiration by reducing enzymatic bottlenecks and allowing minimal inhibitor accumulation under high photorespiratory rates. Additionally, we found the CO2 transfer conductances (stomatal and mesophyll) are re‐allocated to increase the water‐use efficiency in R. stricta but not necessarily the photosynthetic response to temperature. These results suggest important adaptive strategies in R. stricta that maintain photosynthetic rates under elevated temperatures with optimal water loss. The strategies found in R. stricta may inform breeding and engineering efforts in other C3 species to improve photosynthetic efficiency at high temperatures.
Non‐invasive monitoring of cardiac contractility: Trans‐radial electrical bioimpedance velocimetry (TREV)
Authors: Stump Alexandra , Gregory Caitlin , Babenko Viktoriya , Rizor Elizabeth , Bullock Tom , Macy Alan , Giesbrecht Barry , Grafton Scott T. , Dundon Neil M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe describe methods and software resources for a bioimpedance measurement technique, ‘trans‐radial electrical bioimpedance velocimetry’ (TREV) that allows for the non‐invasive monitoring of relative cardiac contractility and stroke volume. After reviewing the relationship between the measurement and cardiac contractility, we describe the general recording methodology, which requires impedance measurements of the forearm. We provide open‐source Jupyter‐based software (operable on most computers) for deriving cardiac contractility from the impedance measurements. The software includes tools for removing variance associated with heart rate and respiration. We demonstrate the ability of this bioimpedance measurement for tracking beat‐to‐beat changes of contractility in a maximal grip force production task. Critically, the results demonstrate both a reactive increase in contractility with force production, and suggest there is a learned increase in contractility prior to grip onset, consistent with anticipatory allostatic autonomic regulation mediated by sympathetic inotropy. The method and software should be of broad utility for investigations of event‐related cardiac dynamics in psychophysical studies.
Chemical changes during endoskarn and porphyry‐style alteration and Cu—Fe exoskarn mineralization in the Tonglushan system, eastern China
Authors: Zhang Fei , Williamson Ben J. , Ullmann Clemens V. , Hughes Hannah S. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElement mobility and chemical mass transfer are evaluated in the formation of Cu—Fe exoskarn deposits and endoskarn and minor porphyry‐style alteration in the Tonglushan quartz monzodiorite (QMD) system, eastern China. Endoskarn formation involved the migration of Ca into the QMD from the exoskarnification of carbonates (now marble) xenoliths and wall rocks, addition of Fe and Mn by magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids emanating from the interior of the QMD, and removal of alkali elements due to the replacement of feldspars and mica by prograde skarn minerals. Zirconium, Hf, U, and rare earth elements (REE) were added by hydrothermal fluids which were able to carry these often poorly mobile high field strength elements (HFSE) due to elevated F activity. Additions of Al were likely from Na‐rich fluids that also caused sodic alteration. Several factors favored mineralization within the exoskarns rather than endoskarns and QMD. The endoskarns were relatively oxidizing, as evidenced by a significant addition of Fe3+, which caused Cu to remain in magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids until they entered and precipitated sulphides in the more reducing environment of the exoskarns. Fluid migration from the QMD through the endoskarns and into the exoskarns was favored due to decarbonation of wall rock carbonates and related upwards migration of CO2 to produce a self‐sustaining chimney effect, which drew further fluids towards the carbonates to form, alter and mineralize the exoskarns. The higher porosity and permeability of the endoskarns compared with the QMD further promoted the lateral flow of Cu‐bearing fluids towards the exoskarns and limited porphyry‐style alteration and mineralization within the QMD. This proposed mechanism is only likely to be relevant for porphyry‐type systems developed predominantly within carbonate host rocks. Its significance for exploration models is that relatively poorly mineralized porphyry stocks in this setting may be associated with more substantive exoskarn deposits on their margins.
Beyond technical skills training: The impact of credit counseling on the entrepreneurial behavior of Ugandan youth
Authors: Alzua Maria Laura , Baez Maria Josefina , Galiwango Samuel , Joloba Daniel , Kachero Benjamin , Lopera Maria Adelaida , Ssekandi Juliet , Zigiti Zeridah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is low take‐up of financial credit among youth in Uganda because potential beneficiaries perceive associated risks as high. This study assesses the determinants of entrepreneurial risk tolerance among Ugandan youth using experimental data from a randomized control trial and a real‐life investment‐risk experiment. Credit counseling was provided to young men and women aged 18–35 who owned a business to educate them about the obligations and commitments associated with financial credit. The intervention had a significant impact on demand for credit and related intermediate outcomes such as ownership of a bank account and investment in assets. The study finds that youth exhibited lower demand for credit after business training because of increased awareness regarding the actual risks associated with receiving credit. Our findings reinforce national strategies to promote soft skills for business entrepreneurship that extend beyond standard business training.
The recovery of muscle function and glycogen levels following game‐play in young elite male ice hockey players
Authors: Thorsteinsson Hallur , Vigh‐Larsen Jeppe F. , Panduro Jeppe , Fristrup Bjørn , Kruse Daniel Zornow , Gliemann Lasse , Egeland Marte , Olesen Jens L. , Aagaard Per , Randers Morten B. , Krustrup Peter , Nybo Lars , Overgaard Kristian , Mohr Magni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the frequent occurrence of congested game fixtures in elite ice hockey, the postgame recovery pattern has not previously been investigated. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the acute decrements and subsequent recovery of skeletal muscle glycogen levels, muscle function and repeated‐sprint ability following ice hockey game‐play. Sixteen male players from the Danish U20 national team completed a training game with muscle biopsies obtained before, postgame and following ~38 h of recovery (day 2). On‐ice repeated‐sprint ability and muscle function (maximal voluntary isometric [MVIC] and electrically induced low‐ (20 Hz) and high‐frequency (50 Hz) knee‐extensor contractions) were assessed at the same time points, as well as ~20 h into recovery (day 1). Muscle glycogen decreased 31% (p < 0.001) postgame and had returned to pregame levels on day 2. MVIC dropped 11%, whereas 50 and 20 Hz torque dropped 21% and 29% postgame, respectively, inducing a 10% reduction in the 20/50 Hz torque ratio indicative of low‐frequency force depression (all p < 0.001). While MVIC torque returned to baseline on day 1, 20 and 50 Hz torque remained depressed by 9%–11% (p = 0.010–0.040), hence restoring the pre‐exercise 20/50 Hz ratio. Repeated‐sprint ability was only marginally reduced by 1% postgame (p = 0.041) and fully recovered on day 1. In conclusion, an elite youth ice hockey game induces substantial reductions in muscle glycogen content and muscle function, but only minor reductions in repeated‐sprint ability and with complete recovery of all parameters within 1–2 days postgame.
Deep learning‐based reconstruction can improve canine thoracolumbar magnetic resonance image quality and reduce slice thickness
Authors: Kang Hyesun , Noh Daji , Lee Sang‐Kwon , Choi Sooyoung , Lee Kija 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn veterinary practice, thin‐sliced thoracolumbar MRI is useful in detecting small lesions, especially in small‐breed dogs. However, it is challenging due to the partial volume averaging effect and increase in scan time. Currently, deep learning‐based reconstruction (DLR), a part of artificial intelligence, has been applied in diagnostic imaging. We hypothesized that the diagnostic performance of thin‐slice thoracolumbar MRI with DLR would be superior to conventional MRI. This prospective, method comparison study aimed to determine the adequate slice thickness of a deep learning model for thin‐slice thoracolumbar MRI. Sagittal and transverse T2‐weighted MRI at the thoracolumbar region were performed on 12 clinically healthy beagle dogs; the images obtained were categorized into five groups according to slice thickness: conventional thickness of 3 mm (3CON) and thicknesses of 3, 2, 1.5, and 1 mm with DLR (3DLR, 2DLR, 1.5DLR, and 1DLR, respectively). Quantitative analysis was performed using signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio. Qualitative analysis involved the evaluation of perceived SNR, structural visibility, and overall image quality using a four‐point scale. Moreover, nerve root visibility was evaluated using transverse images. Quantitative and qualitative values were compared among the five groups. Compared with the 3CON group, the 3DLR, 2DLR, and 1.5DLR groups exhibited significantly higher quantitative and qualitative values. Nerve root visibility was significantly higher in 2DLR, 1.5DLR, and 1DLR images than in 3DLR and 3CON images. Compared with conventional MRI, DLR reduced the slice thickness by up to one‐half and improved image quality in this sample of clinically healthy beagles.
THE RELATIONAL TURN IN UNDERSTANDING PERSONHOOD: PSYCHOLOGICAL, THEOLOGICAL, AND COMPUTATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Watts Fraser , Dorobantu Marius 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFrom the middle of the twentieth‐century onwards, there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of relationality in what it means to be human, which we call a “relational turn.” This is found in various domains, including philosophical psychology, psychoanalysis, and theological anthropology. Many have seen a close connection between relationality and personhood. In the second half of the article, we consider the implications of this trend for artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. So far, AI has largely neglected relational intelligence, though that could perhaps be about to change. Cybernetics was rendered more open to assumptions about the contextuality of intelligence by its rather different assumptions from AI. Social robotics increasingly requires relational intelligence, and promising steps might be found in computational modeling of human relationships. Questions about whether robots can achieve personhood are difficult to resolve, though the possibility should not be ruled out.
Diverse Durham collection phages demonstrate complex BREX defense responses
Authors: Kelly Abigail , Went Sam C. , Mariano Giuseppina , Shaw Liam P. , Picton David M. , Duffner Samuel J. , Coates Isabel , Herdman-Grant Ryan , Gordeeva Julia , Drobiazko Alena , Isaev Artem , Lee Yan-Jiun , Luyten Yvette , Morgan Richard D. , Weigele Peter , Severinov Konstantin , Wenner Nicolas , Hinton Jay C. D. , Blower Tim R. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophages (phages) outnumber bacteria ten-to-one and cause infections at a rate of 10
25
per second. The ability of phages to reduce bacterial populations makes them attractive alternative antibacterials for use in combating the rise in antimicrobial resistance. This effort may be hindered due to bacterial defenses such as Bacteriophage Exclusion (BREX) that have arisen from the constant evolutionary battle between bacteria and phages. For phages to be widely accepted as therapeutics in Western medicine, more must be understood about bacteria–phage interactions and the outcomes of bacterial phage defense. Here, we present the annotated genomes of 12 novel bacteriophage species isolated from water sources in Durham, UK, during undergraduate practical classes. The collection includes diverse species from across known phylogenetic groups. Comparative analyses of two novel phages from the collection suggest they may be founding members of a new genus. Using this Durham phage collection, we determined that particular BREX defense systems were likely to confer a varied degree of resistance against an invading phage. We concluded that the number of BREX target motifs encoded in the phage genome was not proportional to the degree of susceptibility.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteriophages have long been the source of tools for biotechnology that are in everyday use in molecular biology research laboratories worldwide. Phages make attractive new targets for the development of novel antimicrobials. While the number of phage genome depositions has increased in recent years, the expected bacteriophage diversity remains underrepresented. Here we demonstrate how undergraduates can contribute to the identification of novel phages and that a single City in England can provide ample phage diversity and the opportunity to find novel technologies. Moreover, we demonstrate that the interactions and intricacies of the interplay between bacterial phage defense systems such as Bacteriophage Exclusion (BREX) and phages are more complex than originally thought. Further work will be required in the field before the dynamic interactions between phages and bacterial defense systems are fully understood and integrated with novel phage therapies.