bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data
Authors: Mei Dengkui , Ren Xiaodong , Liu Hang , Le Xuan , Xiong Si , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe inhomogeneous distribution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data is a significant problem for global GNSS computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT). By combining ground‐based GNSS data from 460 global stations with space‐borne GNSS data onboard eleven Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) satellites, we employed the EOF (empirical orthogonal function)‐based multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (EMART) to reconstruct the global ionospheric electron densities. In comparison with GNSS + LEO (EMART_GL) solutions, the proportion of crossed voxels for GNSS‐only (EMART_G) solutions can rise by up to 12.54%, from 56.83% to 69.37%. Validation experiments were conducted under quiet and disturbed conditions using GNSS slant total electron content (STEC) references that were not previously used in ionospheric tomography. The EMART_GL solutions outperformed the EMART_G solutions when compared to the STEC references under quiet and disturbed conditions. The root mean square values of the CIT‐derived STEC for the EMART_G solutions can be decreased by 31.3% and 30.3% on average under quiet and disturbed conditions, respectively. The vertical TEC references from the Jason‐2 satellite were also used for validation over the ocean areas. Due to insufficient data over the ocean areas, the EMART_GL solutions showed no significant improvements. The reconstructed 3D IEDs were further validated with the COSMIC electron density profiles. Generally, the tomographic results of the EMART_GL solutions were more consistent with the COSMIC profiles when compared to those of the EMART_G solutions and the NeQuick‐2 model. It demonstrates that it is beneficial for global ionospheric tomography by combining ground‐based and space‐borne data.
Rhythms of the Earth—Editorial Introduction
Authors: Kassam Karim‐Aly S. , Ruelle Morgan , Dunn Christopher P. , Pandya Raj , Wyndham Felice 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis special issue of GeoHealth, entitled Rhythms of the Earth: Ecological Calendars and Anticipating the Anthropogenic Climate Crisis, is a transdisciplinary articulation of a methodology of hope to confront the multiple injustices of the Anthropocene. One of the greatest challenges of the climate crisis is the lack of predictability at the scale of communities where impacts are most immediate. Indigenous and rural societies face an ever shifting “new normal” through increasing inconsistency in the seasonality of temperature and precipitation, as well as greater frequency of extreme weather events. With global food systems dependent on local and small producers, climatic variability disrupts access to affordable, nutritious, and culturally relevant food. Ecological calendars are context‐specific knowledge systems grounded in a particular cultural milieu and ecological space, that build anticipatory capacity for seasonal change. They measure and give meaning to time. Based on close observation of one's habitat, human societies have used such calendars for hundreds of years and potentially millennia. By engaging with the interactions among physical phenomena (such as the first snowfall or last frost) and biological events (such as blossoming of specific trees, arrival of migratory birds or mammals, appearance of plants or insects), human societies have been able to identify optimal time windows for their livelihood activities. The 11 research articles in Rhythms of the Earth cover a considerable geographical breadth from Africa to the Arctic; and, from North and South America to Central Asia. They provide evidence that spans millennia from the Roman Empire to the contemporary Anthropocene.
The 2021 Ms 6.0 Luxian (China) Earthquake: Blind Reverse‐Fault Rupture in Deep Sedimentary Formations Likely Induced by Pressure Perturbation From Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Zhao Yingwen , Jiang Guoyan , Lei Xinglin , Xu Caijun , Zhao Bin , Qiao Xuejun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo resolve the occurrence mechanism of the Luxian earthquake occurred near an active hydraulic fracturing well pad on 15 September 2021, we first use seismic waveforms to invert the focal mechanism solution and centroid depth, and then utilize Sentinel‐1 Synthetic Aperture Radar images and Global Navigation Satellite System observations to determine the seismogenic fault and slip distribution. Our results show that the Luxian event ruptured a previously‐unmapped southwest‐dipping reverse fault intersecting with one horizontal well of the well pad. Major slip occurred below the shale gas bed (∼4 km deep) but above the crystalline basement (∼7 km deep). Further analyses on preseismic surface deformation initiated in the northeast of the event reveal that pore pressure near the hypocenter was increased by ∼4.5 MPa. Consequently, fracking fluid injected through the horizontal well and other wells of nearby pads likely flowed directly into the fault zones and prompted the occurrence of the Luxian earthquake.
Venusian Ionosphere During Deep Solar Minima: Some New Insights Using Akatsuki Radio Science Experiment
Authors: Tripathi Keshav R. , Choudhary R. K. , Ambili K. M. , Imamura T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe characteristic features of different layers in the Venus ionosphere during the deep solar minimum of the solar cycle 24 have been studied using a radio science experiment onboard the Akatsuki spacecraft. Radio signals from the spacecraft were tracked at the Indian deep space network, Bangalore; Usuda Deep Space Center, Japan; and DLR Ground station, Weilheim, Germany. The orbital geometry of the spacecraft provides rare opportunities to probe the Venusian ionosphere and atmosphere in the equatorial region at low solar zenith angles (SZAs). The height of the peak plasma density of the V2 layer (∼141 km) was seen to remain almost constant for the SZA ≤ 90° while the peak density was the least among the published results. Features of the V1 layer (∼125 km) agree well with the Venus Express radio occultation measurements. All three types of V1 layers were observed in Akatsuki observations. The V0 layer (∼110 km) was observed in about 15% of cases and was seen to occur irrespective of SZA and geographical constraints. Nighttime occurrence of the ionosphere was very limited despite regular observations.
A novel patient-derived 3D model recapitulates mantle cell lymphoma lymph node signaling, immune profile and in vivo ibrutinib responses
Authors: Araujo-Ayala Ferran , Dobaño-López Cèlia , Valero Juan García , Nadeu Ferran , Gava Fabien , Faria Carla , Norlund Marine , Morin Renaud , Bernes-Lasserre Pascale , Serrat Neus , Playa-Albinyana Heribert , Giménez Rubén , Campo Elías , Lagarde Jean-Michel , López-Guillermo Armando , Gine Eva , Colomer Dolors , Bezombes Christine , Pérez-Galán Patricia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare and aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mainly develops in the lymph node (LN) and creates a protective and immunosuppressive niche that facilitates tumor survival, proliferation and chemoresistance. To capture disease heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME) cues, we have developed the first patient-derived MCL spheroids (MCL-PDLS) that recapitulate tumor oncogenic pathways and immune microenvironment in a multiplexed system that allows easy drug screening, including immunotherapies. MCL spheroids, integrated by tumor B cells, monocytes and autologous T-cells self-organize in disc-shaped structures, where B and T-cells maintain viability and proliferate, and monocytes differentiate into M2-like macrophages. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that tumor cells recapitulate hallmarks of MCL-LN (proliferation, NF-kB and BCR), with T cells exhibiting an exhaustion profile (PD1, TIM-3 and TIGIT). MCL-PDLS reproduces in vivo responses to ibrutinib and demonstrates that combination of ibrutinib with nivolumab (anti-PD1) may be effective in ibrutinib-resistant cases by engaging an immune response with increased interferon gamma and granzyme B release. In conclusion, MCL-PDLS recapitulates specific MCL-LN features and in vivo responses to ibrutinib, representing a robust tool to study MCL interaction with the immune TME and to perform drug screening in a patient-derived system, advancing toward personalized therapeutic approaches.
Pharmacologic targeting of Nedd8-activating enzyme reinvigorates T-cell responses in lymphoid neoplasia
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Chen Canping , Vuong Dan , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Sonia , Lam Vi , Roleder Carly , Wang Jing H. , Thiruvengadam Swetha Kambhampati , Berger Allison , Pennock Nathan , Torka Pallawi , Hernandez-Ilizaliturri Francisco , Siddiqi Tanya , Wang Lili , Xia Zheng , Danilov Alexey V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeddylation is a sequential enzyme-based process which regulates the function of E3 Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) and thus degradation of substrate proteins. Here we show that CD8+ T cells are a direct target for therapeutically relevant anti-lymphoma activity of pevonedistat, a Nedd8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor. Pevonedistat-treated patient-derived CD8+ T cells upregulated TNFα and IFNγ and exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity. Pevonedistat induced CD8+ T-cell inflamed microenvironment and delayed tumor progression in A20 syngeneic lymphoma model. This anti-tumor effect lessened when CD8+ T cells lost the ability to engage tumors through MHC class I interactions, achieved either through CD8+ T-cell depletion or genetic knockout of B2M. Meanwhile, loss of UBE2M in tumor did not alter efficacy of pevonedistat. Concurrent blockade of NAE and PD-1 led to enhanced tumor immune infiltration, T-cell activation and chemokine expression and synergistically restricted tumor growth. shRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α, a CRL substrate, abrogated the in vitro effects of pevonedistat, suggesting that NAE inhibition modulates T-cell function in HIF-1α-dependent manner. scRNA-Seq-based clinical analyses in lymphoma patients receiving pevonedistat therapy demonstrated upregulation of interferon response signatures in immune cells. Thus, targeting NAE enhances the inflammatory T-cell state, providing rationale for checkpoint blockade-based combination therapy.
Light People: Professor Cheng-Wei Qiu
Authors: Sun Tingting 
Published: April 2023

Editorial“Mind-controlled information transmission” is one of human’s ultimate fantasies for the development of science and technology. On June 11, 2022, eLight Journal simultaneously published two research papers on brainwave-based metasurfaces, and proposed a new concept of metasurface controlled by mind for the first time in the world. This major scientific breakthrough rushed up to the hot search list of public media. It was read more than ten million times, and the related video has been played 600,000 times, which aroused the audience’s strong interest and discussion, and really made a significant leap toward “mind control”. We are greatly honored to invite Prof. Cheng-Wei Qiu from National University of Singapore, the corresponding author of both above-mentioned articles and the co-Editor-in-Chief of eLight Journal, to have an exclusive interview. Prof. Cheng-Wei Qiu showed us the profound interpretation of his research works and shared his unique insights on journal development and talent cultivation.
Sex-specific effects of psychedelic drug exposure on central amygdala reactivity and behavioral responding
Authors: Effinger D. P. , Quadir S. G. , Ramage M. C. , Cone M. G. , Herman M. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPsilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin have been shown to elicit rapid and long-lasting symptom improvements in a variety of affective psychiatric illnesses. However, the region-specific alterations underlying these therapeutic effects remain relatively unknown. The central amygdala (CeA) is a primary output region within the extended amygdala that is dysregulated in affective psychiatric disorders. Here, we measured CeA activity using the activity marker c-Fos and CeA reactivity using fiber photometry paired with an aversive air-puff stimulus. We found that psilocin administration acutely increased CeA activity in both males and females and increased stimulus specific CeA reactivity in females, but not males. In contrast, psilocin produced time-dependent decreases in reactivity in males, but not in females, as early as 2 days and lasting to 28 days post administration. We also measured behavioral responses to the air-puff stimulus and found sex-dependent changes in threat responding but not exploratory behavior or general locomotion. Repeated presentations of the auditory component of the air-puff were also performed and sex-specific effects of psilocin on CeA reactivity to the auditory-alone stimulus were also observed. This study provides new evidence that a single dose of psilocin produces sex-specific, time-dependent, and enduring changes in CeA reactivity and behavioral responding to specific components of an aversive stimulus.
Neurotransmission-related gene expression in the frontal pole is altered in subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Medina Adriana M. , Hagenauer Megan Hastings , Krolewski David M. , Hughes Evan , Forrester Liam Cannon Thew , Walsh David M. , Waselus Maria , Richardson Evelyn , Turner Cortney A. , Sequeira P. Adolfo , Cartagena Preston M. , Thompson Robert C. , Vawter Marquis P. , Bunney Blynn G. , Myers Richard M. , Barchas Jack D. , Lee Francis S. , Schatzberg Alan F. , Bunney William E. , Akil Huda , Watson Stanley J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe frontal pole (Brodmann area 10, BA10) is the largest cytoarchitectonic region of the human cortex, performing complex integrative functions. BA10 undergoes intensive adolescent grey matter pruning prior to the age of onset for bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCHIZ), and its dysfunction is likely to underly aspects of their shared symptomology. In this study, we investigated the role of BA10 neurotransmission-related gene expression in BP and SCHIZ. We performed qPCR to measure the expression of 115 neurotransmission-related targets in control, BP, and SCHIZ postmortem samples (n = 72). We chose this method for its high sensitivity to detect low-level expression. We then strengthened our findings by performing a meta-analysis of publicly released BA10 microarray data (n = 101) and identified sources of convergence with our qPCR results. To improve interpretation, we leveraged the unusually large database of clinical metadata accompanying our samples to explore the relationship between BA10 gene expression, therapeutics, substances of abuse, and symptom profiles, and validated these findings with publicly available datasets. Using these convergent sources of evidence, we identified 20 neurotransmission-related genes that were differentially expressed in BP and SCHIZ in BA10. These results included a large diagnosis-related decrease in two important therapeutic targets with low levels of expression, HTR2B and DRD4, as well as other findings related to dopaminergic, GABAergic and astrocytic function. We also observed that therapeutics may produce a differential expression that opposes diagnosis effects. In contrast, substances of abuse showed similar effects on BA10 gene expression as BP and SCHIZ, potentially amplifying diagnosis-related dysregulation.
A review of the cognitive impact of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric associated copy number variants
Authors: Molloy Ciara J. , Quigley Ciara , McNicholas Áine , Lisanti Linda , Gallagher Louise 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe heritability of intelligence or general cognitive ability is estimated at 41% and 66% in children and adults respectively. Many rare copy number variants are associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions (ND-CNV), including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, and may contribute to the observed variability in cognitive ability. Here, we reviewed studies of intelligence quotient or cognitive function in ND-CNV carriers, from both general population and clinical cohorts, to understand the cognitive impact of ND-CNV in both contexts and identify potential genotype-specific cognitive phenotypes. We reviewed aggregate studies of sets ND-CNV broadly linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, and genotype-first studies of a subset of 12 ND-CNV robustly associated with schizophrenia and autism. Cognitive impacts were observed across ND-CNV in both general population and clinical cohorts, with reports of phenotypic heterogeneity. Evidence for ND-CNV-specific impacts were limited by a small number of studies and samples sizes. A comprehensive understanding of the cognitive impact of ND-CNVs would be clinically informative and could identify potential educational needs for ND-CNV carriers. This could improve genetic counselling for families impacted by ND-CNV, and clinical outcomes for those with complex needs.
An exploratory study of maternal diabetes and offspring use of dental services—Northern Ireland national cohort study
Authors: Salami Anas , El Karim Ikhlas , Lundy Fionnuala , Loney Tom , Donaldson Michael , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
A small number of literature has posited a link between prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and an increased risk of developmental defects in the enamel of offspring. However, the evidence remains inconclusive.

Aims
This study examined the relationship between the diabetes status of mothers and the use of dental services by offspring to that pregnancy.

Material and methods
Anonymised data from a cohort of mothers who carried a child to term in Northern Ireland between 2012 and 2017 and service use by the child were taken from administrative databases from March 2015 to September 2021. Descriptive statistics, differences in means and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between service use and maternal diabetes status, controlling for covariates.

Results
In multivariate analyses that controlled inter alia for age and deprivation, diabetes status was negatively related to restoration, extraction, prevention, and total service use. In the analysis of the COVID period, pre-COVID prevention was negatively related to extractions, restorations, prevention and services in general.

Conclusion
The relationship between maternal diabetic status and aspects of offspring use of dental services was contrary to that suggested in previous studies and warrants more detailed investigation using this valuable data resource.
KLF4 transcription factor in tumorigenesis
Authors: He Zhihong , He Jie , Xie Keping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractKrüppel-like transcriptional factor is important in maintaining cellular functions. Deletion of Krüppel-like transcriptional factor usually causes abnormal embryonic development and even embryonic death. KLF4 is a prominent member of this family, and embryonic deletion of KLF4 leads to alterations in skin permeability and postnatal death. In addition to its important role in embryo development, it also plays a critical role in inflammation and malignancy. It has been investigated that KLF4 has a regulatory role in a variety of cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, ovarian, esophageal, bladder and brain cancer. However, the role of KLF4 in tumorigenesis is complex, which may link to its unique structure with both transcriptional activation and transcriptional repression domains, and to the regulation of its upstream and downstream signaling molecules. In this review, we will summarize the structural and functional aspects of KLF4, with a focus on KLF4 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in different types of tumors.
Staggered circular nanoporous graphene converts electromagnetic waves into electricity
Authors: Lv Hualiang , Yao Yuxing , Li Shucong , Wu Guanglei , Zhao Biao , Zhou Xiaodi , Dupont Robert L. , Kara Ufuoma I. , Zhou Yimin , Xi Shibo , Liu Bo , Che Renchao , Zhang Jincang , Xu Hongbin , Adera Solomon , Wu Renbing , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHarvesting largely ignored and wasted electromagnetic (EM) energy released by electronic devices and converting it into direct current (DC) electricity is an attractive strategy not only to reduce EM pollution but also address the ever-increasing energy crisis. Here we report the synthesis of nanoparticle-templated graphene with monodisperse and staggered circular nanopores enabling an EM–heat–DC conversion pathway. We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that this staggered nanoporous structure alters graphene’s electronic and phononic properties by synergistically manipulating its intralayer nanostructures and interlayer interactions. The staggered circular nanoporous graphene exhibits an anomalous combination of properties, which lead to an efficient absorption and conversion of EM waves into heat and in turn an output of DC electricity through the thermoelectric effect. Overall, our results advance the fundamental understanding of the structure–property relationships of ordered nanoporous graphene, providing an effective strategy to reduce EM pollution and generate electric energy.
Predicting response to enzalutamide and abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer using whole-omics machine learning
Authors: de Jong Anouk C. , Danyi Alexandra , van Riet Job , de Wit Ronald , Sjöström Martin , Feng Felix , de Ridder Jeroen , Lolkema Martijn P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResponse to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) varies widely in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To improve treatment guidance, biomarkers are needed. We use whole-genomics (WGS; n = 155) with matching whole-transcriptomics (WTS; n = 113) from biopsies of ARSI-treated mCRPC patients for unbiased discovery of biomarkers and development of machine learning-based prediction models. Tumor mutational burden (q < 0.001), structural variants (q < 0.05), tandem duplications (q < 0.05) and deletions (q < 0.05) are enriched in poor responders, coupled with distinct transcriptomic expression profiles. Validating various classification models predicting treatment duration with ARSI on our internal and external mCRPC cohort reveals two best-performing models, based on the combination of prior treatment information with either the four combined enriched genomic markers or with overall transcriptomic profiles. In conclusion, predictive models combining genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data can predict response to ARSI in mCRPC patients and, with additional optimization and prospective validation, could improve treatment guidance.
Coregistration of heading to visual cues in retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Sit Kevin K. , Goard Michael J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpatial cognition depends on an accurate representation of orientation within an environment. Head direction cells in distributed brain regions receive a range of sensory inputs, but visual input is particularly important for aligning their responses to environmental landmarks. To investigate how population-level heading responses are aligned to visual input, we recorded from retrosplenial cortex (RSC) of head-fixed mice in a moving environment using two-photon calcium imaging. We show that RSC neurons are tuned to the animal’s relative orientation in the environment, even in the absence of head movement. Next, we found that RSC receives functionally distinct projections from visual and thalamic areas and contains several functional classes of neurons. While some functional classes mirror RSC inputs, a newly discovered class coregisters visual and thalamic signals. Finally, decoding analyses reveal unique contributions to heading from each class. Our results suggest an RSC circuit for anchoring heading representations to environmental visual landmarks.