bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Muscle Invasiveness between Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy and Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniation at L5/S1 Level
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Chao , Han Kaifei , Chen Yongqin , Qi Lei , Liu Xinyu 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveBoth unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBED) and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) could achieve favorable outcomes for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). There are limited studies comparing the two different methods of endoscopic discectomy. The objective was to comprehensively compare the clinical outcome and muscle invasiveness of UBED and PEID for the treatment of LDH at L5/S1 level with at least 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsThe retrospective cohort study enrolled 106 LDH patients of L5/S1 level from January 2018 to December 2020. There were 51 patients who underwent UBED (22 males and 29 females, 43.8 ± 14.2 years old) and 55 patients underwent PEID (28 males and 27 females, 42.3 ± 13.8 years old). Clinical outcomes and surgical invasiveness were compared between the two groups for at least 1 year follow‐up. Clinical outcomes included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), complications, recurrence of LDH, intraoperative anesthesia time, operative time, number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, and postoperative length of stay. Surgical invasiveness was evaluated with serum CPK level and change rate of lean multifidus cross‐sectional area (LMCSA). Independent‐sample t test and paired sample t test were used to compare continuous data. Chi‐square test and Fisher's precision probability tests were used to analyze the categorical data.ResultsBoth groups achieved favorable clinical outcomes at the last follow‐up, including VAS and ODI (all Ps <0.05). The intraoperative anesthesia time for UBED was longer, but with no difference of operative time. As for intraoperative fluoroscopy times (2.5 vs 2.4), postoperative length of stay (2.1 vs 2.0 days), postoperative complications (5.9% vs 3.6%), there were also no significant difference. The serum CPK level and change rate of LMCSA for UBED was higher than PEID at postoperative 1st day. At the last follow‐up, there was no significant difference in the change rate of LMCSA between the two groups (P = 0.096).ConclusionsBoth UBED and PEID could achieve favorable clinical outcomes for the treatment of L5/S1 LDH. Despite UBED is more invasive, the radiological manifestation of paraspinal muscle invasiveness was equal at last follow‐up with at least 1 year. UBED is a safe and innovative alternative choice for treatment of LDH at L5/S1 level.
Biomechanical Comparison of Anatomic Versus Lower of Anteromedial and Anterolateral Tibial Tunnels in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Peng Bo , Tang Yuchen , Jia Gengxin , Geng Bin , Xu Lihu , Xia Yayi , Teng Yuanjun 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveIn order to reduce the “killer turn” effect, various tibial tunnels have been developed. However, few studies investigated the biomechanical effects of different tibial tunnels during PCL reconstruction. This study aims to compare the time‐zero biomechanical properties of anteromedial, anterolateral, lower anteromedial, and lower anterolateral tibial tunnels in transtibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction under load‐to‐failure loading.MethodsPorcine tibias and bovine extensor tendons were used to simulate in vitro transtibial PCL reconstruction. Forty bovine extensor tendons and 40 porcine tibias were randomly divided into four experimental groups: anteromedial tunnel group (AM group, n = 10), anterolateral tunnel group (AL group, n = 10), lower anteromedial tunnel group (L‐AM group, n = 10), and lower anterolateral tunnel group (L‐AL group, n = 10). The biomechanical test was then carried out in each group using the load‐to‐failure test. The ultimate load (in newtons), yield load (in newtons), tensile stiffness (in newtons per millimeter), load‐elongation curve, failure mode, and tibial tunnel length (in millimeter) were recorded for each specimen. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean differences among the four groups.ResultsThe biomechanical outcomes showed that there were no differences in the mean tensile stiffness and failure mode among four groups. The ultimate load and yield load of the L‐AM group were significantly higher than those of other three groups (P < 0.05). For the AM group, its ultimate load is significantly higher than that of the L‐AL group (P < 0.05), and its yield load is higher than that of the AL group and L‐AL group (P < 0.05). However, we found no significant differences in either ultimate load or yield load between AL group and L‐AL group (P > 0.05). There was significant statistical difference in the length of tibial tunnel between anatomic groups (AM and AL) and lower groups (L‐AM and L‐AL) (P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared with the anteromedial, anterolateral, and lower anterolateral tibial tunnel, the lower anteromedial tibial tunnel showed better time‐zero biomechanical properties including ultimate load and yield load in transtibial PCL reconstruction.
Successful ABO incompatible heart transplantation after desensitization therapy in an older child
Authors: Krauss Annemarie , West Lori J. , Conway Jennifer , Khoury Michael , Nahirniak Susann , Halpin Anne , Al Aklabi Mohammed , Urschel Simon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundABO‐incompatible heart transplantation (HTx) has become a standard procedure for children below 2 years of age due to an immunologically immature immune system and associated low isohemagglutinin titers.MethodsWe report a case of an ABO‐incompatible HTx (recipient blood group O, donor blood group A) at the age of 5 years and 11 months with a fully matured immune system and previously high isohemagglutinin titers that diminished as a result of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) desensitization therapy with rituximab and immunoglobulins.ResultsThe anti‐A titer at the time of HTx was 1:16 with post‐transplant isoagglutinin titers never exceeding 1:4 without any signs of rejection with now 3 years of post‐HTx follow‐up.ConclusionsABO isohemagglutinin titers should be routinely assessed in children undergoing desensitization therapy since ABOi transplantation can be considered in selected cases to expand the donor pool with the option of crossing the ABO barrier to find a better‐matched allograft.
Addition of ruxolitinib in Graft‐versus‐Host disease prophylaxis for pediatric β‐Thalassemia major patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hong Xiuli , Chen Yamei , Lu Jingyuan , Lu Quanyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the effect of addition of ruxolitinib in Graft‐versus‐Host Disease (GVHD) prophylaxis on pediatric patients with β‐thalassemia major after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed 49 consecutive β‐thalassemia major pediatric patients who underwent HSCT from unrelated or haploidentical donors from February 2018 to October 2022. All transplantation recipients received cyclosporine A (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and short‐term methotrexate (MTX) as GVHD prophylaxis; while 27 of them in the ruxolitinib group had added ruxolitinib oral to GVHD prophylaxis regimen at 2.5 mg twice daily once successful engraftment after January 2020.ResultsThe outcome showed that the ruxolitinib group had a lower cumulative incidence than the control group regardless of acute GVHD (22.2% vs.40.9%; p = .153) or chronic GVHD (18.5% vs.40.9%; p = .072); especially, the incidence of grade III‐IV acute GVHD was reported significantly less frequently in ruxolitinib group than that of the control group (0 vs. 27.3%, p = .005). No significant difference was detected between the two groups in EBV (Epstein–Barr virus)/CMV (cytomegalovirus) reactivation and BKV (BK virus) infection (p = .703, 1.000, and .436, respectively). Twenty‐six patients (96.3%) in the ruxolitinib group were alive, while two patients (9.1%) in the control group died of intestinal acute GVHD. The 2‐year overall survival (OS) and thalassemia‐free survival (TFS) were both 96.296% in the ruxolitinib group, while both 90.909% in the control group.ConclusionThis study reveals that ruxolitinib prophylaxis is a promising option to decrease the incidence of grade III‐IV acute GVHD in pediatric patients with β‐thalassemia major.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pathological autopsy practices in Japan
Authors: Hirata Yuichiro , Iida Shun , Arashiro Takeshi , Nagasawa Sayaka , Saitoh Hisako , Abe Hiroyuki , Ikemura Masako , Makino Yohsuke , Sawa Rintaro , Iwase Hirotaro , Ushiku Tetsuo , Suzuki Tadaki , Akitomi Shinji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, autopsies have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. The precise effect of this pandemic on autopsy procedures in Japan, especially in instances unrelated to COVID‐19, has not yet been established. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey from December 2020 to January 2021 regarding the status of pathological autopsy practices in Japan during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The questionnaire was sent to 678 medical facilities with pathologists, of which 227 responded. In cases where a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 was not made at the time of autopsy, many facilities counted them as suspected COVID‐19 cases if pneumonia was suspected clinically. At around half of the sites, autopsies were prohibited for suspected COVID‐19 cases. In addition, the number of autopsies of non‐COVID‐19 cases during the pandemic period was also investigated, and a significant decrease was observed compared with the incidence in the pre‐pandemic period. The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected not only the autopsies of COVID‐19 cases but also the entire practice of pathological autopsies. It is necessary to establish a system that supports the implementation of pathological autopsy practices during the pandemic of an emerging infectious disease.
‘Just like I thought’: Street‐level bureaucrats trust AI recommendations if they confirm their professional judgment
Authors: Selten Friso , Robeer Marcel , Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractArtificial Intelligence is increasingly used to support and improve street‐level decision‐making, but empirical evidence on how street‐level bureaucrats' work is affected by AI technologies is scarce. We investigate how AI recommendations affect street‐level bureaucrats' decision‐making and if explainable AI increases trust in such recommendations. We experimentally tested a realistic mock predictive policing system in a sample of Dutch police officers using a 2 × 2 factorial design. We found that police officers trust and follow AI recommendations that are congruent with their intuitive professional judgment. We found no effect of explanations on trust in AI recommendations. We conclude that police officers do not blindly trust AI technologies, but follow AI recommendations that confirm what they already thought. This highlights the potential of street‐level discretion in correcting faulty AI recommendations on the one hand, but, on the other hand, poses serious limits to the hope that fair AI systems can correct human biases.
Intracellular immunoglobulin A (icIgA) in protective immunity and vaccines
Authors: Kok Tuck‐Weng , Izzo Angelo A. , Costabile Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVirus neutralization at respiratory mucosal surfaces is important in the prevention of infection. Mucosal immunity is mediated mainly by extracellular secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and its role has been well studied. However, the protective role of intracellular specific IgA (icIgA) is less well defined. Initially, in vitro studies using epithelial cell lines with surface expressed polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in transwell culture chambers have shown that icIgA can neutralize influenza, parainfluenza, HIV, rotavirus and measles viruses. This effect appears to involve an interaction between polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) and viral particles within an intracellular compartment, since IgA is transported across the polarized cell. Co‐localization of specific icIgA with influenza virus in patients' (virus culture positive) respiratory epithelial cells using well‐characterized antisera was initially reported in 2018. This review provides a summary of in vitro studies with icIgA on colocalization and neutralization of the above five viruses. Two other highly significant respiratory infectious agents with severe global impacts viz. SARS‐2 virus (CoViD pandemic) and the intracellular bacterium—Mycobacterium tuberculosis—are discussed. Further studies will provide more detailed understanding of the mechanisms and kinetics of icIgA neutralization in relation to viral entry and early replication steps with a specific focus on mucosal infections. This will inform the design of more effective vaccines against infectious agents transmitted via the mucosal route.
Image‐based taxonomic classification of bulk insect biodiversity samples using deep learning and domain adaptation
Authors: Fujisawa Tomochika , Noguerales Víctor , Meramveliotakis Emmanouil , Papadopoulou Anna , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComplex bulk samples of insects from biodiversity surveys present a challenge for taxonomic identification, which could be overcome by high‐throughput imaging combined with machine learning for rapid classification of specimens. These procedures require that taxonomic labels from an existing source data set are used for model training and prediction of an unknown target sample. However, such transfer learning may be problematic for the study of new samples not previously encountered in an image set, for example, from unexplored ecosystems, and require methods of domain adaptation that reduce the differences in the feature distribution of the source and target domains (training and test sets). We assessed the efficiency of domain adaptation for family‐level classification of bulk samples of Coleoptera, as a critical first step in the characterization of biodiversity samples. Neural network models trained with images from a global database of Coleoptera were applied to a biodiversity sample from understudied forests in Cyprus as the target. Within‐dataset classification accuracy reached 98% and depended on the number and quality of training images, and on dataset complexity. The accuracy of between‐datasets predictions (across disparate source–target pairs that do not share any species or genera) was at most 82% and depended greatly on the standardization of the imaging procedure. An algorithm for domain adaptation, domain adversarial training of neural networks (DANN), significantly improved the prediction performance of models trained by non‐standardized, low‐quality images. Our findings demonstrate that existing databases can be used to train models and successfully classify images from unexplored biota, but the imaging conditions and classification algorithms need careful consideration.
Digital clinical placements: Student perspectives and preparedness for placements
Authors: Houghton Natasha , Williams Lucy , Baptista Ana , Thakerar Viral , Dharmarajah Aynkaran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn May 2020, first‐year students at Imperial College School of Medicine attended a ‘digital hospital placement’. Occurring in the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic, this replaced their first planned hospital placement. The authors analysed student experiences to understand how a digital hospital placement impacted self‐perceived clinical and professional development and whether it improved preparedness for face‐to‐face hospital placements.MethodsThree hundred ten students participated in this week‐long digital placement, which integrated clinical skills, communication and professional behaviour domains. It aimed to prepare students for safe participation in clinical environments. Resources included self‐directed and peer learning, virtual simulations (Oxford Medical Simulation) and staff‐led debriefing. Surveys were administered after the digital placement and after students' first face‐to‐face placement to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsEighty‐three and twenty‐nine students completed the postdigital and post‐face‐to‐face placement evaluation respectively. Quantitative results indicated a high self‐rated achievement of learning objectives and enthusiasm for digital placements; 83% of respondents supported digital simulations as part of regular medical education. Qualitative analysis identified three superordinate themes: (1) domain integration in digital placements helped students feel better prepared; (2) digital experiential learning is ideally suited to early clinical learning; and (3) virtual placements are a compliment, not an alternative, to face‐to‐face placements.ConclusionDigital placements are a promising means of supporting the challenging transition from classroom learner to clinical learner. They provide a feasible and scalable option for building student confidence and improving preparedness.
On double coset separability and the Wilson–Zalesskii property
Authors: Minasyan Ashot 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA residually finite group has the Wilson–Zalesskii property if for all finitely generated subgroups , one has , where the closures are taken in the profinite completion of . This property played an important role in several papers, and is usually combined with separability of double cosets. In the present note we show that the Wilson–Zalesskii property is actually enjoyed by every double coset separable group. We also construct an example of an subgroup separable (LERF) group that is not double coset separable and does not have the Wilson–Zalesskii property.
Bounded vorticity for the 3D Ginzburg–Landau model and an isoflux problem
Authors: Román Carlos , Sandier Etienne , Serfaty Sylvia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the full three‐dimensional Ginzburg–Landau model of superconductivity with applied magnetic field, in the regime where the intensity of the applied field is close to the ‘first critical field’ at which vortex filaments appear, and in the asymptotics of a small inverse Ginzburg–Landau parameter . This onset of vorticity is directly related to an ‘isoflux problem’ on curves (finding a curve that maximizes the ratio of a magnetic flux by its length), whose study was initiated in [22] and which we continue here. By assuming a nondegeneracy condition for this isoflux problem, which we show holds at least for instance in the case of a ball, we prove that if the intensity of the applied field remains below , the total vorticity remains bounded independently of , with vortex lines concentrating near the maximizer of the isoflux problem, thus extending to the three‐dimensional setting a two‐dimensional result of [28]. We finish by showing an improved estimate on the value of in some specific simple geometries.
Barriers and facilitators to vision screening in the U.S. pediatric primary care setting: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Killeen Olivia J. , Saylor Kate M. , Hogan Caroline , Jacobson Adam , Collins Megan , Ehrlich Joshua R. 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to understand the barriers and facilitators to vision screening in the US primary care setting for children ages 3 to 17.

Introduction:
Childhood vision screening is crucial because it detects children at risk for undiagnosed vision problems. Previous studies report low rates of appropriate vision screening in the primary care setting. We aim to identify barriers and facilitators to pediatric primary care vision screening to inform future interventions to improve childhood vision screening.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies of all types that identify barriers and facilitators to vision screening in children aged 3 to 17 years old in the pediatric primary care setting in the US will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:
We will search PubMed, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Scopus, Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED, ESCI, CPCI-S, SSCI), Cochrane Library, and Embase. We will also search gray literature, including conference proceedings, professional organization reports, and clinical trials. We will use supplemental search strategies, including citation tracking and contacting authors for unpublished data. Titles and abstracts will be screened independently by 2 reviewers and selected for full-text screening based on prespecified inclusion criteria. Only studies in English will be considered. Each included study will be appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data will be extracted using a modified JBI mixed methods data extraction form. Qualitative and quantitative data will be integrated using a convergent integrated approach.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/nhf5d/
Psychosocial interventions addressing suicidality in inpatient psychiatry: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Olarte-Godoy Jennifer , Jack Susan M. , Campbell Kaitryn , Halladay Jillian , Cleverley Kristin , McGillion Michael , Links Paul 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the existing literature on psychosocial interventions aimed at addressing suicidality among adults in the context of an inpatient psychiatric admission.

Introduction:
For individuals admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit, their risk of suicide in the period following discharge is significantly higher compared with the prevalence of death by suicide in the general population. During an inpatient admission, there is opportunity for supportive interventions that may lead to reduced risks of suicide. Yet, interventions that directly address suicidality have primarily been studied in outpatient settings. A broader understanding of inpatient interventions will assist clinicians in understanding key considerations when implementing suicide-related interventions in this setting.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies involving adult patients (≥18 years) that describe psychosocial interventions aiming to address suicidality in the context of inpatient psychiatry will be considered. Studies that only describe pharmacological interventions will be excluded, as will studies that describe psychosocial interventions initiated in the context of an outpatient setting.

Methods:
We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), APA PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, and Web of Science for studies in English and Spanish. Gray literature and materials will also be searched for using Google and websites relevant to the review topic. No date limit will be set. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts from studies that meet the inclusion criteria and review eligible studies at full text. Data will be extracted and synthesized and then presented in tabular and graphical formats accompanied by a narrative summary.

Details of the review available at:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/5cwhx
Nonlinear Mechanical Roton
Authors: Duan Zhonglei , Cui Jianguo , Chen Li-Qun , Yang Tianzhi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The roton-like dispersions support the “return flow” of acoustic waves; such phenomena were only observed in quantum systems. In this paper, we aim to investigate the nonlinear roton-like dispersion in a mechanical metamaterial with both nonlinear chains and nonlinear resonators with nonlocal connection; both theoretical and numerical methods are used to analyze the system, and some new phenomena such as amplitude-dependent roton-like behaviors are observed. This work opens a new way for designing an extremely low-frequency vibration isolator with a stable configuration.