bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the type of hypnotic drug and in‐hospital fractures in older patients with neurocognitive disorders: A case–control study using a nationwide database
Authors: Matsumoto Shoya , Tamiya Hiroyuki , Yamana Hayato , Hosoi Tatsuya , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Akishita Masahiro , Yasunaga Hideo , Ogawa Sumito 
Published: May 2023

AimHypnotics might increase the risk of falls and fractures in older patients with neurocognitive disorders. Orexin receptor antagonists have recently been approved, but the relationship between the new drugs and fractures remains unclarified. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the type of hypnotic and in‐hospital fractures in older patients with neurocognitive disorders using a nationwide inpatient database.MethodsUsing the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we collected information on inpatients aged ≥65 years with neurocognitive disorders between April 2014 and March 2021. We examined trends in the prescription patterns of benzodiazepine drugs, Z‐drugs, orexin receptor antagonists and melatonin receptor agonists. We also carried out a 1:4 matched case–control analysis of in‐hospital fractures. The odds ratio of each hypnotic drug was estimated using a generalized estimating equation with adjustment for walking ability, comorbidities, osteoporosis, dialysis, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and anti‐dementia drug use.ResultsThe prescription of benzodiazepine hypnotics decreased and that of orexin receptor antagonists increased. This case–control analysis included 6832 patients with fractures and 23 463 controls. Ultrashort‐acting benzodiazepines, short‐acting benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs were associated with an increased risk of bone fracture (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.38 [1.08–1.77], 1.38 [1.27–1.50], 1.49 [1.37–1.61], respectively). Orexin receptor antagonists were not associated with an increased risk of bone fracture (1.07 [0.95–1.19]).ConclusionsIn contrast to other types of hypnotics, orexin receptor antagonists were not associated with in‐hospital fractures in older patients with neurocognitive disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 500–505.
PRIVATE RELIGION AS RESISTANCE IN ANNA SEGHERS’ DER PROZESS DER JEANNE D'ARC ZU ROUEN 1431 (1937) AND BERTOLT BRECHT'S 1952 STAGE ADAPTATION
Authors: Böcking Cordula 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis article will examine the representation of religion in Anna Seghers’ radio play Der Prozess der Jeanne d'Arc zu Rouen 1431 (1937) and Bertolt Brecht's subsequent adaptation of this text for the stage (1952). While religiosity is central to the identity of the medieval heroine, Seghers chooses to communicate this feature to modern audiences in a ‘lacunary’ way that sees Jeanne refusing to elaborate on the details of her belief throughout the play. The protagonist's faith creates a distance from contemporary listeners and spectators as well as from characters within the text, but when absolute commitment to her private belief results in Jeanne's execution, this moves the people at large to rebel against their oppressors. Thus Seghers’ Jeanne emerges as a figure of political resistance who draws on her private faith to bring about social change. In Brecht, the voices that move Jeanne to withstand oppressive forces are revealed to be those of the people rather than an expression of the divine. For Seghers and Brecht, the twentieth‐century relevance of Jeanne's characteristic religiosity, depicted differently by each author, lies in the political transformation which it can inspire both within the text and outside it.
Differential diagnosis of lymphocytosis in routine laboratory practice: Contribution of lymphocyte parameters using the Sysmex‐XN9000 haematology analyzer
Authors: Poutakidou Danai , Ruth Isabelle , Gulbis Beatrice 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates the potential contribution of structural and dispersion parameters, as well as alarms provided by Sysmex XN9000 haematology analyzer. The objective was to assess the need for a microscopic examination in the context of lymphocytosis. It also aims to contribute in differentiating rapidly lymphoproliferative disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), non‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (NON‐CLL) and non‐infectious reactive lymphocytosis (REAC).MethodsWe prospectively assessed lymphocyte parameters (Ly‐X, Ly‐Y, Ly‐Z, Ly‐WX, Ly‐WY, Ly‐WZ) provided by the Sysmex XN9000 analyzer; they were measured in the white blood cell differential (WDF) channel which also provides alarms via the precursor/pathological cellular channel (WPC). Blood samples from 71 subjects with CLL, NON‐CLL lymphoproliferative and REAC non‐infectious reactive lymphocytosis, as well as a control (NORM) group of 12 subjects without any abnormalities were analyzed.ResultsThe most discriminating parameters to distinguish the different groups were Ly‐X, Ly‐Z and Ly‐WZ. The lymphoid structural parameters Ly‐X and Ly‐Z significantly discriminated the CLL group from the other groups (p < 0.001), and the CLL group from the REAC group (p < 0.01), respectively. The Ly‐WZ parameter discriminated the CLL group from the NON‐CLL, REAC (p < 0.001) and NORM (p < 0.01) groups. Alarms were higher in all study groups compared to the NORM group. An algorithm integrating these structural and alarm parameters is proposed.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that Ly‐X, Ly‐Z, and Ly‐WZ lymphocyte parameters are useful for detecting morphological changes in lymphocytes; they provide useful information for the differential diagnosis of lymphocytosis, and this before the examination of the blood smear. An algorithm combining the WDF (parameters) and the WPC (alarms) makes it possible to decide whether or not to use a microscopic examination or flow cytometry immunophenotyping.
Mitofusin 1 overexpression rescues the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics caused by the Mitofusin 2 K357T mutation in vitro
Authors: Stavropoulos Filippos , Georgiou Elena , Schiza Natasa , Bell Shaughn , Baloh Robert H. , Kleopa Kleopas A. , Sargiannidou Irene 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsMitofusin 1 (MFN1) and MFN2 are outer mitochondrial membrane fusogenic proteins regulating mitochondrial network morphology. MFN2 mutations cause Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), an axonal neuropathy characterized by mitochondrial fusion defects, which in the case of a GTPase domain mutant, were rescued following wild‐type MFN1/2 (MFN1/2WT) overexpression. In this study, we compared the therapeutic efficiency between MFN1WT and MFN2WT overexpression in correcting mitochondrial defects induced by the novel MFN2K357T mutation located in the highly conserved R3 region.MethodsConstructs expressing either MFN2K357T, MFN2WT, or MFN1WT under the ubiquitous chicken β‐actin hybrid (CBh) promoter were generated. Flag or myc tag was used for their detection. Differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells were single transfected with MFN1WT, MFN2WT, or MFN2K357T, as well as double transfected with MFN2K357T/MFN2WT or MFN2K357T/MFN1WT.ResultsSH‐SY5Y cells transfected with MFN2K357T exhibited severe perinuclear mitochondrial clustering with axon‐like processes devoid of mitochondria. Single transfection with MFN1WT resulted in a more interconnected mitochondrial network than transfection with MFN2WT, accompanied by mitochondrial clusters. Double transfection of MFN2K357T with either MFN1WT or MFN2WT resolved the mutant‐induced mitochondrial clusters and led to detectable mitochondria throughout the axon‐like processes. MFN1WT showed higher efficacy than MFN2WT in rescuing these defects.InterpretationThese results further demonstrate the higher potential of MFN1WT over MFN2WT overexpression to rescue CMT2A‐induced mitochondrial network abnormalities due to mutations outside the GTPase domain. This higher phenotypic rescue conferred by MFN1WT, possibly due to its higher mitochondrial fusogenic ability, may be applied to different CMT2A cases regardless of the MFN2 mutation type.
A novel microcoring technology: A completely new concept of enlarged pore treatment
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Bae Hyungkyu , Kim Sung‐Yeon , Park Hyun‐Jun , Yoon Jeung‐Hyun , Cho Hyun‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnlarged facial pores are a common dermatological and cosmetic concern, which are difficult to treat because their pathogenesis is multifactorial. Many technological treatments have been developed to treat enlarged pores. Despite these efforts, enlarged pores remain problematic for many patients.ObjectivesMicrocoring technology has recently been developed to treat pores and serve as a leading primary treatment option to address these concerns.MethodsThree patients underwent a single treatment of rotational fractional resection. The 0.5 mm diameter rotating scalpels were used to resect the skin pores in the cheek region. The resected site was evaluated 30 days after treatment, and the patients underwent scanning in bilateral 45° views at 60 cm from the face with the same brightness setting.ResultsThe three patients improved in terms of enlarged pores and had no severe skin‐related adverse effects. Furthermore, the three patients showed satisfactory treatment outcomes after 30 days of follow‐up.ConclusionRotational fractional resection is a new concept that produces measurable permanent results for enlarged pore removal. These cosmetic procedures produced promising outcomes in a single treatment. However, the current clinical procedures trend demands minimally invasive treatment for enlarged pores.
Long‐term effectiveness of a novel intra‐oral electro‐stimulator for the treatment of dry mouth in patients with Sjogren's syndrome: A randomised sham‐controlled feasibility study (LEONIDAS‐1)
Authors: Fedele Stefano , Al‐Hamad Arwa , Mercadante Valeria , Porter Stephen , Isenberg David , Poveda‐Gallego Ana , Brown Sarah T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEffective treatments for dry mouth of Sjogren's syndrome are limited and hampered by adverse effects. The aim of LEONIDAS‐1 was to explore the feasibility of salivary electrostimulation in individuals with primary Sjogren's syndrome, as well as parameters required to inform the design of a future phase III trial.MethodsMulticentre, parallel‐group, double‐blind, randomised sham‐controlled trial in two UK centres. Participants were randomised (1:1, computer‐generated) to active or sham electrostimulation. The feasibility outcomes included screening/eligibility ratio, consent, and recruitment and drop‐out rates. Preliminary efficacy outcome included dry mouth visual analogue scale, Xerostomia Inventory, the EULAR Sjögren's syndrome patient reported index‐Q1, and unstimulated sialometry.ResultsForty‐two individuals were screened, of whom 30 (71.4%) met the eligibility criteria. All eligible individuals consented to recruitment. Out of the 30 randomised participants (active n = 15, sham n = 15), 4 dropped out and 26 (13 vs. 13) completed all study visits as per protocol. Recruitment rate was 2.73 participants/month. At 6‐month post‐randomisation the difference in mean reduction in visual analogue scale, xerostomia inventory and EULAR Sjögren's syndrome patient reported index‐Q1 scores between groups were 0.36 (95% CI: −0.84, 1.56), 3.31 (0.43, 6.18), and 0.23 (−1.17, 1.63), respectively; unstimulated salivary flow increased by a mean of 0.98 mL/15 min, all in favour of the active group. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionLEONIDAS‐1 results support progression to a phase III definitive randomised controlled trial of salivary electrostimulation in individuals with Sjogren's syndrome. Xerostomia inventory could be considered the primary patient‐centred outcome measure and the corresponding observed treatment effect could inform the sample size of a future trial.
Practice Makes Perfect, but How Much Is Necessary? The Role of Relearning in Second Language Grammar Acquisition
Authors: Serfaty Jonathan , Serrano Raquel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigated how much practice is necessary for learners to attain durable second language (L2) grammar knowledge. Using digital flashcards, 119 participants practiced translating 12 sentences into an artificial language, followed by feedback, until they had typed all sentences correctly. Participants repeated this activity in one, two, three, or four relearning sessions on consecutive days. After a 14‐day delay, all groups scored highly on a receptive test. However, scores on a productive test were substantially higher for groups with three or four relearning sessions. Accuracy tended to peak on the 3rd day of training. An analysis by individual training performance revealed that participants attained durable productive knowledge if they completed two sessions without errors, regardless of how many sessions they had performed in total. The findings provide a timeframe for processes described in skill retention theory (Kim et al., 2013) and suggest a performance benchmark to indicate when learners have gained procedural L2 grammar knowledge.
Reluctant heroes: New doctors negotiating their identities dialogically on social media
Authors: Dornan Tim , Armour Dakota , Bennett Deirdre , Gillespie Hannah , Reid Helen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnsuring that students transition smoothly into the identity of a doctor is a perpetual challenge for medical curricula. Developing professional identity, according to cultural‐historical activity theory, requires negotiation of dialectic tensions between individual agency and the structuring influence of institutions. We posed the research question: How do medical interns, other clinicians and institutions dialogically construct their interacting identities?MethodsOur qualitative methodology was rooted in dialogism, Bakhtin's cultural‐historical theory that accounts for how language mediates learning and identity. Reasoning that the COVID pandemic would accentuate and expose pre‐existing tensions, we monitored feeds into the Twitter microblogging platform during medical students' accelerated entry to practice; identified relevant posts from graduating students, other clinicians and institutional representatives; and kept an audit trail of chains of dialogue. Sullivan's dialogic methodology and Gee's heuristics guided a reflexive, linguistic analysis.ResultsThere was a gradient of power and affect. Institutional representatives used metaphors of heroism to celebrate ‘their graduates’, implicitly according a heroic identity to themselves as well. Interns, meanwhile, identified themselves as incapable, vulnerable and fearful because the institutions from which they had graduated had not taught them to practise. Senior doctors' posts were ambivalent: Some identified with institutions, maintaining hierarchical distance between themselves and interns; others, along with residents, acknowledged interns' distress, expressing empathy, support and encouragement, which constructed an identity of collegial solidarity.ConclusionsThe dialogue exposed hierarchical distance between institutions and the graduates they educated, which constructed mutually contradictory identities. Powerful institutions strengthened their identities by projecting positive affects onto interns who, by contrast, had fragile identities and sometimes strongly negative affects. We speculate that this polarisation may be contributing to the poor morale of doctors in training and propose that, to maintain the vitality of medical education, institutions should seek to reconcile their projected identities with the lived identities of graduates.
CBL1/9–CIPK23–NRAMP1 axis regulates manganese toxicity
Authors: Zhang Zhenqian , Fu Dali , Xie Dixiang , Wang Zhangqing , Zhao Yuqing , Ma Xuening , Huang Panpan , Ju Chuanfeng , Wang Cun 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient in plants. However, excessive Mn absorption in acidic soils can cause Mn toxicity, which adversely affects plant growth and crop yields. At present, acidic soils cover c. 30% of the Earth's surface. However, the mechanism underpinning Mn uptake remains largely unknown.
We identified cbl1/9 and cipk23 mutants exhibiting high‐Mn‐sensitive phenotype through the reverse genetics method. Furthermore, we identified the CIPK23 phosphorylated NRAMP1 through a variety of protein interaction techniques and protein kinase assays.
Here, we demonstrated that two calcineurin B‐like proteins, CBL1/9, and their interacting kinase CIPK23 positively regulated the tolerance of Mn toxicity in Arabidopsis. The cbl1 cbl9 double mutant and cipk23 mutants exhibited high‐Mn‐sensitive phenotypes, which manifested as decreased primary root length, biomass, and chlorophyll concentration, and higher accumulation of Mn. In addition, CIPK23 interacted with and phosphorylated the Mn transporter NRAMP1 primarily at Ser20/22 in vitro and in vivo, and thereby induced clathrin‐mediated endocytosis of NRAMP1 to reduce its distribution on the plasma membrane and enhance plant tolerance to Mn toxicity.
In summary, we found that the CBL1/9–CIPK23–NRAMP1 module regulates the tolerance to high‐Mn toxicity and provide insight into a mechanism of the tolerance of plants to Mn toxicity.
Mixed infections of Zymoseptoria tritici lead to reduced Septoria tritici blotch disease symptoms
Authors: Curran Eoghan , Burke James I. , Feechan Angela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractZymoseptoria tritici is the causal fungus of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), a globally important foliar disease of wheat. Infections by more than one strain of a pathogen, or co‐infections, are known to be the most prevalent form of infection in the field. The impact that co‐infection of Z. tritici has on disease severity for the plant host and its effect on plant defence are not fully understood. Here, isolates of Z. tritici were extracted from STB‐presenting leaves from UK sites. Disease assays comparing single‐isolate inocula to mixed inocula were carried out on three cultivars of wheat, Flame, Stigg and Longbow. Leaves infected with mixed inocula were found to show low disease symptoms, including lesion and pycnidial coverage, compared with those infected with single isolates. Growing mixed isolates together in liquid media did not reveal evidence of competition or decreased growth compared with single‐isolate inocula. Wheat infected with a mixture of at least two Z. tritici isolates (of differing aggressiveness) could induce Pr‐1 (Pathogenesis‐related 1) at a significantly higher level in distal uninfected leaves compared with distal leaves of plants infected with a single aggressive isolate. Expression of Pr‐1 in plants with mixed inocula was intermediate to plants infected with an aggressive isolate (lower expression) and plants infected with a less aggressive isolate (higher expression). This suggests that wheat undergoes systemic “sensitization” by the least aggressive Z. tritici isolate during co‐infection.
Determination of the frequency and virulence of someBotrytis cinereaisolates and a newBotrytis prunorumcryptic species causing grey mould disease on greenhouse tomatoes
Authors: Gül Esra , Karakaya Aziz , Ergül Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTomato is among the priority crops of greenhouse cultivation in Turkey and in the world. One of the most important fungal diseases of tomatoes is grey mould.Botrytis cinerea,B. cinereagroup S andBotrytis pseudocinereahave been reported previously as causes of grey mould disease on tomatoes. The objectives of this study were to characterize the common grey mould population, their virulence levels, and identify the possible crypticBotrytisspecies occurring on greenhouse tomatoes in Turkey.Botrytisspecies were identified using theRPB2,G3PDH,HSP60andNEP2sequences. The predominant grey mould pathogen wasB. cinerea.B. cinereagroup S andB. pseudocinereawere not isolated. The MH69 isolate was identified asBotrytis prunorum. This is the first time that this cryptic species has been reported causing disease on tomatoes. Differences in the virulence levels ofB. cinereaisolates were observed. The virulence of theB. prunorumisolate was found to be lower than most of theB. cinereaisolates.
Grapevine yellows in Jordan: Associated phytoplasmas, putative insect vectors and reservoir plants
Authors: Abu Alloush Asem Habes , Bianco Piero Attilio , Busato Enrico , Alkhawaldeh Yousef , Alma Alberto , Tedeschi Rosemarie , Quaglino Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractField surveys were conducted in wine and table grape vineyards from June to October 2020 in 13 locations belonging to five governorates in North and South Jordan. Typical grapevine yellows symptoms, including leaf reddening/yellowing and rolling were observed on 10% to 55% of vines. Nested PCR‐based amplification of the 16S rRNA gene detected phytoplasmas in 22% and 15.7% of the analysed symptomatic wine and table grape cultivar plants, respectively. Amplicon nucleotide sequence analyses identified the detected phytoplasmas as “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” (taxonomic subgroup 16SrXII‐A), “Ca. P. omanense” (16SrXXIX‐A and ‐B), “Ca. P. aurantifolia” (16SrII‐C) and “Ca. P. asteris” (16SrI‐R) in 72.4%, 17.2%, 6.9% and 3.4% of infected plants, respectively. Such phytoplasmas were found differentially distributed in wine and table grape cultivar vineyards surveyed. Further investigation identified “Ca. P. solani” in the putative insect vectors Orosius cellulosus (first report in Jordan), Euscelidius mundus, Laodelphax striatellus, and Circulifer sp., and in bindweed; “Ca. P. aurantifolia” in the insect O. cellulosus and in bindweed; “Ca. P. omanense” in the insect Psammotettix striatus; and “Ca. P. asteris” in the insects Arboridia adanae, Cicadulina bipunctata, Circulifer sp., L. striatellus, Hyalesthes obsoletus, and P. striatus. Based on this preliminary data, ecological cycles of such phytoplasmas are discussed. Results suggest that the diversity and ecology of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Jordan are more complex than previously known, leading to a potential risk of disease outbreaks.
Coherent pairs of measures of the second kind on the real line and Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. An application to a Jacobi case
Authors: Marcato G. A. , Marcellán F. , Ranga A. Sri , Lun Yen Chi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim here is to consider the orthogonal polynomials with respect to an inner product of the type , where and is a coherent pair of positive measures of the second kind on the real line (CPPM2K on the real line). Properties of and the connection formulas they satisfy with the orthogonal polynomials associated with the measure ν0 are analyzed. It is also shown that the zeros of are the eigenvalues of a matrix, which is a single line modification of the Jacobi matrix associated with the measure ν0. The paper also looks at a special example of a CPPM2K on the real line, where one of the measures is the Jacobi measure, and provides a much more detailed study of the properties of the orthogonal polynomials and the corresponding connection coefficients. In particular, the relation that these connection coefficients have with the Wilson polynomials is exposed.