bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory therapy with nebulized dornase alfa for severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomized unblinded trial
Authors: Porter Joanna C , Inshaw Jamie , Solis Vincente Joel , Denneny Emma , Evans Rebecca , Temkin Mia I , De Vasconcelos Nathalia , Aramburu Iker Valle , Hoving Dennis , Basire Donna , Crissell Tracey , Guinto Jesusa , Webb Alison , Esmail Hanif , Johnston Victoria , Last Anna , Rampling Thomas , Lippert Lena , Helbig Elisa Theresa , Kurth Florian , Williams Bryan , Flynn Aiden , Lukey Pauline T , Birault Veronique , Papayannopoulos Venizelos 
Published: June 2023

Background:Prinflammatory extracellular chromatin from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and other cellular sources is found in COVID-19 patients and may promote pathology. We determined whether pulmonary administration of the endonuclease dornase alfa reduced systemic inflammation by clearing extracellular chromatin.Methods:Eligible patients were randomized (3:1) to the best available care including dexamethasone (R-BAC) or to BAC with twice-daily nebulized dornase alfa (R-BAC + DA) for seven days or until discharge. A 2:1 ratio of matched contemporary controls (CC-BAC) provided additional comparators. The primary endpoint was the improvement in C-reactive protein (CRP) over time, analyzed using a repeated-measures mixed model, adjusted for baseline factors.Results:We recruited 39 evaluable participants: 30 randomized to dornase alfa (R-BAC +DA), 9 randomized to BAC (R-BAC), and included 60 CC-BAC participants. Dornase alfa was well tolerated and reduced CRP by 33% compared to the combined BAC groups (T-BAC). Least squares (LS) mean post-dexamethasone CRP fell from 101.9 mg/L to 23.23 mg/L in R-BAC +DA participants versus a 99.5 mg/L to 34.82 mg/L reduction in the T-BAC group at 7 days; p=0.01. The anti-inflammatory effect of dornase alfa was further confirmed with subgroup and sensitivity analyses on randomised participants only, mitigating potential biases associated with the use of CC-BAC participants. Dornase alfa increased live discharge rates by 63% (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.01–2.61, p=0.03), increased lymphocyte counts (LS mean: 1.08 vs 0.87, p=0.02) and reduced circulating cf-DNA and the coagulopathy marker D-dimer (LS mean: 570.78 vs 1656.96 μg/mL, p=0.004).Conclusions:Dornase alfa reduces pathogenic inflammation in COVID-19 pneumonia, demonstrating the benefit of cost-effective therapies that target extracellular chromatin.Funding:LifeArc, Breathing Matters, The Francis Crick Institute (CRUK, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust).Clinical trial number:NCT04359654.
Physiological response and transcriptome analyses of leguminous Indigofera bungeana Walp. to drought stress
Authors: Ma Shuang , Hu Haiying , Zhang Hao , Ma Fenghua , Gao Zhihao , Li Xueying 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Indigofera bungeana is a shrub with high quality protein that has been widely utilized for forage grass in the semi-arid regions of China. This study aimed to enrich the currently available knowledge and clarify the detailed drought stress regulatory mechanisms in I. bungeana, and provide a theoretical foundation for the cultivation and resistance breeding of forage crops.

Methods
This study evaluates the response mechanism to drought stress by exploiting multiple parameters and transcriptomic analyses of a 1-year-old seedlings of I. bungeana in a pot experiment.

Results
Drought stress significantly caused physiological changes in I. bungeana. The antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulation substance content of I. bungeana showed an increase under drought. Moreover, 3,978 and 6,923 differentially expressed genes were approved by transcriptome in leaves and roots. The transcription factors, hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism of regulatory network were observed to have increased. In both tissues, genes related to plant hormone signaling transduction pathway might play a more pivotal role in drought tolerance. Transcription factors families like basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), vian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), basic leucine zipper (bZIP) and the metabolic pathway related-genes like serine/threonine-phosphatase 2C (PP2C), SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), auxin (AUX28), small auxin up-regulated rna (SAUR), sucrose synthase (SUS), sucrosecarriers (SUC) were highlighted for future research about drought stress resistance in Indigofera bungeana.

Conclusion
Our study posited I. bungeana mainly participate in various physiological and metabolic activities to response severe drought stress, by regulating the expression of the related genes in hormone signal transduction. These findings, which may be valuable for drought resistance breeding, and to clarify the drought stress regulatory mechanisms of I. bungeana and other plants.
Effect Ayurveda-based Comprehensive Diabetic Care Program on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Rathod Neha , Gond Bipin , Kewat Manju , Tambe Akshata , Puralkar Shoba 
Published: June 2023

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India is alarmingly high despite availability of several therapeutic agents. Thus, the current study was conducted to understand the role of Ayurveda based Comprehensive Diabetes Care (CDC) program in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted from January 2014 to September 2022 at Madhavbaug Clinic, Maharashtra. Patients aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) with body mass index >25 participated in the CDC program and were included in this study. Follow-up was conducted after 90 days. Baseline data was compared with follow-up data.
Results: A total of 63 patients were assessed. Of the male patients, 29.3%, 43.9%, and 26.8% were found to have impaired, negative and positive glucose tolerance. Among the females, 22.7%, 63.6%, and 13.6% were found to be have impaired, negative and positive glucose tolerance. Weight decreased from 70.70 ± 9.82 kg to 65.15 ± 9.83 kg (p<0.001) from day 1 to day 90. Body mass index decreased from 27.00 ± 3.88 to 24.91 ± 3.75 (p<0.001) from day 1 to day 90. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased from 7.87 ± 1.90% to 5.79 ± 0.51% (p<0.001) from day 1 to day 90.
Conclusion: Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients is possible with Ayurvedic principles and diet compliance.
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age in Anambra State, South Eastern, Nigeria
Authors: Ozougwu J. C. , Imakwu C. A. , Nwachukwu I. , Okeke O. A. 
Published: June 2023

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women of reproductive age in some selected hospitals in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methods: This study, conducted from October to December 2021, involved 200 women aged 20 years and above as participants. Prior to specimen collection, informed consent was obtained from each woman by qualified medical personnel. High vaginal swab sticks, labeled and sterile, were used to meticulously and aseptically collect specimens from the high vaginal area. A few drops of normal saline were added to each swab stick, and within 30 minutes of collection, a wet mount examination was performed to ensure optimal results. For the wet preparation of vaginal discharge, a drop from the sample was applied to a clean glass slide with a cover slip, avoiding the trapping of air bubbles. The wet smear was then examined under a microscope using a low-power objective (x10) followed by a high-power objective (x40) to detect motile T. vaginalis. The vaginal secretion was characterized by the presence of epithelial cells, white blood cells, and red blood cells. The T. vaginalis trophozoite was identified based on its oval shape, flagellation, and distinct jerky movement.
Results: The study area had an overall prevalence rate of 11.0% for T. vaginalis infection. Among the selected hospitals, COOUTH had the highest prevalence at 13.24%, while Rock Foundation Hospital had the lowest at 6.67%. Prevalence varied across age groups, with the highest rate of 16.42% found in the 30-39 years age group, and the lowest rate of 5.0% in the 20-29 years age group. Divorced women had the highest prevalence at 60.0%, while singles had the lowest at 4.7% among the marital groups. Among different occupations, traders had the highest prevalence at 12.24%, whereas students and civil servants had the lowest rates at 4.0% and 7.72%, respectively. T. vaginalis infection was only observed in non-pregnant women, with a prevalence rate of 13.3%.
Conclusion: T. vaginalis infection is prevalent among sexually active women of reproductive age in the study area. The findings highlight the importance of practicing good personal hygiene and being faithful to a single sexual partner. It is recommended to raise public awareness regarding the prevention and control of T. vaginalis in order to reduce its prevalence among women in the study area.
The Role of Long‐Range Interactions Between High‐Entropy Single‐Atoms in Catalyzing Sulfur Conversion Reactions
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yu Tong , Xiao Ru , Tang Pei , Fang Ruopian , Li Zhuangnan , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Sun Zhenhua , Li Feng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSulfur conversion reactions are the foundation of lithium–sulfur batteries but usually possess sluggish kinetics during practical battery operation. Herein, a high‐entropy single‐atom catalyst (HESAC) is synthesized for this process. In contrast to conventional dual‐atom catalysts that form metal–metal bonds, the center metal atoms in HESAC are not bonded but exhibit long‐range interactions at a sub‐nanometer distance (<9 Å). The synergistic effect between the long‐range interactions and entropy changes enables the regulation of d‐ and π‐electron states. This alteration in the electronic structure improves the adsorption and electronic conductivity of intermediate polysulfides, thereby accelerating their conversion kinetics. Consequently, this leads to a significant enhancement in specific capacities by ≈40% at high rates compared to single‐atom catalysts. The resulting lithium–sulfur battery with HESAC demonstrates a remarkable areal capacity of 3.4 mAh cm−2 at 10 C. These findings provide valuable insights into the design principle of metal atom catalysts for electrochemical reactions.
Ultrashort Pulsed Laser‐Assisted Direct Restoration of Human Enamel Using 3D Printable Biocomposite
Authors: Loganathan Sarathkumar , Sharma Geeta , Daskalakis Evangelos , Strafford Simon , Kumi Barimah Eric , Jha Animesh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRestorative dentistry encounters the prevalence of secondary caries due to the formation of marginal defects during tooth restoration. The present study proposes a dual‐wavelength ultrashort‐pulsed laser system for the direct restoration of damaged enamel to overcome marginal defects. The 2D finite element (FE) laser‐ablative model is developed for studying the laser‐tissue interaction. The laser‐ablated cavities (rectilinear and circular) are prepared on human enamel using 800 nm, Ti:Sapphire femtosecond (fs) laser (100 fs, 1 kHz, 1 mm s−1) at average laser power of 200 mW. Subsequently, the cavity is filled with 3D printed biocomposite (65 wt.% of 3D‐printing resin and 35 wt.% of Ce3+‐ion doped hydroxyapatite) and photocured using 405 nm laser. Further, the postprocessing procedure is carried out using fs laser to remove excessive filler materials and improve surface finish at sub‐ablation threshold of enamel. The surface morphology, chemical compositions, mechanical and interfacial properties of restored enamel surface are evaluated. The in vitro evaluation study confirmed that the enamel restored with fs laser and 3D printing biocomposite is mechanically and chemically robust for withstanding oral challenges. The proposed method of restoring damaged enamel opens an opportunity for a range of precision restorative dentistry procedures including caries and tooth augmentation.
Phase‐Modulation Metasurface‐Based Visible Broadband Absorbers with Polarization Sensitivity or Independence
Authors: Li Liye , Wu Wengang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetasurface‐based broadband absorbers have attracted widespread attention due to the advantages of ultra‐thin, lightweight, flexible design. Currently, the main design principle depends on the amplitude modulation for the incident beam, which requires high‐loss material and multiplex resonances, with fabrication duplication and severe crosstalk. Herein, two kinds of visible broadband metasurface absorbers are proposed based on the phase‐modulation principle. The first is composed of a staggered Al trapezoidal array on the SiO2/Al substrate, where adjacent units have a phase difference of π for the y‐polarized beam to generate the destructive interference, leading to a high average measured absorptivity of 73.37% for the whole visible band. On the contrary, this absorber reflects the x‐polarized beam with a reflectivity of 51.65%. To achieve polarization‐independent absorption, a 3×3 supercell metasurface is proposed, consisting of two groups of quasi‐trapezoidal interlaced arrangements in the x‐ and y‐directions separately. The measured spectra exhibit perfect polarization independence and excellent absorption (84.13%). Besides, both have angle robustness within 60° and refractive index robustness within 1.49. In theory, the influence of diffraction on the absorption effect is emphasized systematically. This research proposes a novel strategy to achieve broadband absorption, which can serve as a platform for polarizers, solar batteries, etc.
Copper‐Mediated C−C Coupling of Alkenyl Boronates and Bromodifluoroacetates
Authors: Yurov Yevhen , Laniush Kamila , Hryschuk Oleksandr V. , Liashuk Oleksandr S. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe reaction of alkenyl boronates and bromodifluoroacetates in the presence of copper powder and TMEDA as the catalytic system was developed. The corresponding C−C coupling products were obtained in 35–93% yield. The method tolerated a variety of functional groups, namely, phenol, (thio)ether, protected amino‐, hydroxy‐, ketone, and carboxylic acid moieties, as well as various saturated carbo‐ and heterocycles, and was compatible with multigram scale‐up (to 76 g). The diastereoselectivity of the process was typically low so that ca. 1:1 E/Z isomeric mixtures were formed from pure E or Z alkenyl boronates. Further functional group transformations demonstrated the utility of the prepared compounds as valuable building blocks for synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Based on the obtained results and the literature data, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed involving the formation of radical and organocopper intermediates.
Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings
Authors: Gu Bingsong , Ma Qihang , Li Jiaxin , Xu Wangkai , Xie Yuke , Lu Peng , Yu Kun , Huo Ziyao , Li Xiao , Peng Jianhua , Jiang Yong , Li Dichen , He Jiankang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicro/nanoscale 3D bioelectrodes gain increasing interest for electrophysiological recording of electroactive cells. Although 3D printing has shown promise to flexibly fabricate 3D bioelectronics compared with conventional microfabrication, relatively‐low resolution limits the printed bioelectrode for high‐quality signal monitoring. Here, a novel multi‐material electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) strategy is proposed to fabricate bioelectronics with sub‐microscale 3D gold pillars for in vitro electrophysiological recordings. EHDP is employed to fabricate conductive circuits for signal transmission, which are passivated by polyimide via extrusion‐based printing. Laser‐assisted EHDP is developed to produce 3D gold pillars featuring a diameter of 0.64 ± 0.04 µm. The 3D gold pillars demonstrate stable conductivity under the cell‐culture environment. Living cells can conformally grow onto these sub‐microscale 3D pillars with a height below 5 µm, which facilitates the highly‐sensitive recording of extracellular signals with amplitudes <15 µV. The 3D pillars can apply electroporation currents to reversibly open the cellular membrane for intracellular recording, facilitating the measurement of subtle cellular electrophysiological activities. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, fully‐printed chips with multiple culturing chambers and sensing bioelectronics are fabricated for zone‐specific electrophysiological recording in drug testing. The proposed multi‐material EHDP strategy enables rapid prototyping of organ‐on‐a‐chip systems with 3D bioelectronics for high‐quality electrophysiological recordings.
StretchView – A Multi‐Axial Cell‐Stretching Device for Long‐Term Automated Videomicroscopy of Living Cells
Authors: Jaworski David , Hundsdorfer Lara , Bastounis Effie , Constantinou Iordania 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIncorporating mechanical stretching of cells in tissue culture is crucial for mimicking (patho)‐physiological conditions and understanding the mechanobiological responses of cells, which can have significant implications in areas like tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite the growing interest, most available cell‐stretching devices are not compatible with automated live‐cell imaging, indispensable for characterizing alterations in the dynamics of various important cellular processes. In this work, StretchView is presented, a multi‐axial cell‐stretching platform compatible with automated, time‐resolved live‐cell imaging. Using StretchView, long‐term image acquisition of cells in the relaxed and stretched states is shown for the first time (experimental time of 12 h) without the need for human intervention. Homogeneous and stable strain fields are demonstrated for 18 h of cyclic stretching, highlighting the platform's versatility and robustness. As proof‐of‐principle, the effect of stretching on cell kinematics and spatiotemporal localization of the cell‐cell adhesion protein E‐cadherin is examined for MDCK cells in monolayer. First evidence of a monotonic increase in junctional E‐cadherin localization upon exposure to stretch is presented using live‐cell imaging data acquired during cyclic stretching, suggestive of an increase in barrier integrity of the monolayer. These findings highlight the potential of StretchView in providing insights into cell mechanobiology and beyond.
HCAR2 Modulates the Crosstalk between Mammary Epithelial Cells and Macrophages to Mitigate Staphylococcus aureus Infection in the Mouse Mammary Gland
Authors: Ran Xin , Li Kefei , Li Yutao , Guo Weiwei , Wang Xiaoxuan , Guo Wenjin , Yuan Bao , Liu Juxiong , Fu Shoupeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major zoonotic pathogen, with mammary gland infections contributing to mastitis, a condition that poses significant health risks to lactating women and adversely affects the dairy industry. Therefore, understanding the immune mechanisms underlying mammary infections caused by S. aureus is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies against mastitis. This study identified hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2) as a potential regulator of S. aureus infection in mammary glands. It is demonstrated that HCAR2 deficiency exacerbates the inflammatory response and disrupts the blood‐milk barrier in the mammary gland during S. aureus infection, with NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis playing a central role. Activation of HCAR2, on the other hand, suppressed CMPK2 expression, thereby mitigating mitochondrial damage and pyroptosis in mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) induced by S. aureus. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released from S. aureus‐infected mMECs activates the cGAS/STING signaling pathway in macrophages, impairing their bactericidal activity. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of HCAR2 in S. aureus infection of the mammary gland and provides a theoretical basis for identifying potential therapeutic targets for such infections.
On‐Demand Controlled Release Multi‐Drugs Delivery System for Spatiotemporally Synergizing Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Liang Chenglin , Yang Hanxiao , Li Tongtong , Jiang Xiaojuan , Li Xinni , Gao Chen , Hou Lin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlthough cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activation combined with programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) axis blockade have emerged as an effective strategy to improve immunotherapeutic potency, it remains challenging to realize the spatiotemporal synergy of these two components. Herein, the study reports an engineered bacterial‐based delivery system that can simultaneously promote CTLs infiltration and control PD‐L1 binding protein (PD‐L1 trap) release on demand at tumor site. The drug release button of this tumor targeting system is the specific temperature, which is accomplished by dual‐modified melanin nanoparticles with photothermal conversion capacity on the engineered bacterial. These dual‐modified nanoparticles can form in situ reservoir of heat supplier and antitumor immunity activator once arriving at tumor microenvironment (TME). Importantly, the study establishes the personalized administration regimen according to TME changes, and perform local laser irradiation to trigger PD‐L1 trap production only in TME when infiltrated CTLs reach the highest level. This work provides a flexible platform for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
Unleashing the Underestimated Rate Capability of Graphite Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries by Sn(OTf)2 Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Gao Yueteng , Ma Xiaodie , Yan Yangtian , Zhang Shuhua , Liang Jin , Li Baohua , Kang Feiyu , Zhai Dengyun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGraphite stands out as the most promising anode material for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to its cost‐effectiveness and ideal low‐potential platform. However, the perceived poor rate capability of graphite has become a key concern for its commercial application in PIBs. Herein, the above understanding on the poor rate capability of graphite is updated. Without modifying graphite structure, by simply introducing a tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTf)2) additive in phosphate‐based electrolyte, the graphite in K||graphite half‐cell can deliver a capacity of 240 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 2 C (1 C = 279 mA g−1) and operates for 1000 cycles with negligible degradation. Moreover, an unprecedented rate capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1 for graphite anode at 4 C is achieved in a three‐electrode K|K ref|graphite cell configuration where the interference of the K metal counter electrode is eliminated. Unlike structure modification strategies, such remarkable rate performance is originated from the low‐impedance inorganic‐rich KF/SnF2 hybrid interphase on graphite. Thus, the effectiveness of the electrolyte regulation strategy highlights the underestimated rate capability of graphite anode. This renewed insight dispels the concern regarding the commercial applicability of graphite anode and enriches the advantages of PIBs for high‐power density.