bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilizing Poly(vinylphenothiazine) in Ketjenblack‐Based Electrodes to Access its Full Specific Capacity as Battery Electrode Material
Authors: Tengen Bärbel , Winkelmann Timo , Ortlieb Niklas , Perner Verena , Studer Gauthier , Winter Martin , Esser Birgit , Fischer Anna , Bieker Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic batteries are considered as environmentally friendly alternative to lithium‐ion batteries due to the application of transition metal‐free redox‐active polymers. One well‐established polymer is poly(3‐vinyl‐N‐methylphenothiazine) (PVMPT) with a fast reversibility of the electrochemical redox reaction at a potential of 3.5 V versus Li|Li+. The oxidized PVMPT is soluble in many standard battery electrolytes, which diminishes its available specific capacity but at the same time can lead to a unique charge/discharge mechanism involving a redeposition process upon discharge. Herein, the influence of different conductive carbon additives and their properties, e.g., specific surface area, pore size distribution, and electrical conductivity, on the dissolution behavior of oxidized PVMPT is investigated. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art conductive carbon Super C65 employed in many organic battery electrodes, Ketjenblack EC‐300J and EC‐600J reduce the dissolution of the oxidized PVMPT due to better immobilization on the carbon additive and in the resulting 3D structure of the electrode, as assessed by N2‐physisorption, electrochemical, UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy investigations. The studies demonstrate that a dense packing of the carbon particles in the electrode is decisive for the stable immobilization of PVMPT while maintaining its long‐term cycling performance.
Photo‐Patternable Stretchable Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Semiconductor Network Using Thiol–Ene Chemistry for Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Tien Hsin‐Chiao , Li Xin , Liu Chang‐Jing , Li Yang , He Mingqian , Lee Wen‐Ya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStretchable polymer semiconductors are an essential component for skin‐inspired electronics. However, the lack of scalable patterning capability of stretchable polymer semiconductors limits the development of stretchable electronics. To address this issue, photo‐curable stretchable polymer blends consisting of a high‐mobility donor–acceptor conjugated polymer and an elastic rubber through thiol–ene chemistry are developed. The thiol–ene reaction can selectively cross‐link the rubber with alkene or vinyl groups without damaging the electronic properties of the conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer chains embedded in the elastic polymer matrix induce a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN). The thiol–ene‐cross‐linked network provides great solvent resistance and enhances stretchability for the embedded conjugated polymer. The well‐defined patterned film with a feature size of ≈10 µm can be obtained using UV light at 365 nm through conventional photolithography processes. Furthermore, the SIPN‐based transistors show increased mobilities from 0.61 to 1.18 cm2 V−1 s−1 when applying the strain from 0% to 100%. Moreover, the hole mobility can still maintain at 0.87 cm2 V−1 s−1 after 1000 strain‐and‐release cycles at the strain of 25%. This study sheds light on the molecular design of photo‐curable polymer semiconductors for the mass production of stretchable circuits.
A Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive ROS Cascade Nanoplatform for Synergistic Therapy Potentiating Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Cen Dong , Zheng Qiang , Zheng Bingzhu , Zhou Ruyi , Xiao Xi , Zhang Tian , Huang Zihao , Yan Tingting , Yu Jicheng , Li Xiang , Deng Renren , Cai Xiujun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTumor occurrence is closely related to the unlimited proliferation and the evasion of the immune surveillance. However, it remains a challenge to kill tumor cells and simultaneously activate antitumor immunity upon spatially localized external stimuli. Herein, a robust tumor synergistic therapeutic nanoplatform is designed in combination with dual photosensitizers‐loaded upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and ferric‐tannic acid (FeTA) nanocomplex. Dual photosensitizers‐loaded UCNPs can induce photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect by generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) on demand under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. FeTA can robustly respond to acidic tumor microenvironment to produce Fe2+ and subsequently induce chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by reacting with H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, the CDT/PDT synergy can not only exhibit significant antitumor ability but also induce ROS cascade to evoke immunogenic cell death. It increases tumor immunogenicity and promotes immune cell infiltration at tumor sites allowing further introduction of systemic immunotherapy responsiveness to inhibit the primary and distant tumor growth. This study provides a potential tumor microenvironment‐responsive nanoplatform for imaging‐guided diagnosis and combined CDT/PDT with improved immunotherapy responses and an external NIR‐light control of photoactivation.
A Hybrid Magneto‐Optic Capacitive Memory with Picosecond Writing Time
Authors: Rogers Matthew , Habib Ahasan , Teobaldi Gilberto , Moorsom Timothy , Johansson J. Olof , Hedley Luke , Keatley Paul S. , Hicken Robert J. , Valvidares Manuel , Gargiani Pierluigi , Alosaimi Nader , Poli Emiliano , Ali Mannan , Burnell Gavin , Hickey Bryan J. , Cespedes Oscar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe long‐term future of information storage requires the use of sustainable nanomaterials in architectures operating at high frequencies. Interfaces can play a key role in this pursuit via emergent functionalities that break out from conventional operation methods. Here, spin‐filtering effects and photocurrents are combined at metal‐molecular‐oxide junctions in a hybrid magneto‐capacitive memory. Light exposure of metal‐fullerene‐metal oxide devices results in spin‐polarized charge trapping and the formation of a magnetic interface. Because the magnetism is generated by a photocurrent, the writing time is determined by exciton formation and splitting, electron hopping, and spin‐dependent trapping. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements show changes in the electronic states as a function of the magnetic history of the device within picoseconds of the optical pumping. The stored information is read using time‐resolved scanning magneto optic Kerr effect measurements during microwave irradiation. The emergence of a magnetic interface in the picosecond timescale opens new paths of research to design hybrid magneto‐optic structures operating at high frequencies for sensing, computing, and information storage.
Ultra‐Stable and Sensitive Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Monocrystalline Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Li Xu , Liu Chang , Ding Feng , Lu Zheyi , Gao Peng , Huang Ziwei , Dang Weiqi , Zhang Liqiang , Lin Xiaohui , Ding Shuimei , Li Bailing , Huangfu Ying , Shen Xiaohua , Li Bo , Zou Xuming , Liu Yuan , Liao Lei , Wang Yiliu , Duan Xidong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe detection of ultraviolet (UV) radiation with effective performance and robust stability is essential to practical applications. Metal halide single‐crystal perovskites (ABX3) are promising next‐generation materials for UV detection. The device performance of all‐inorganic CsPbCl3 photodetectors (PDs) is still limited by inner imperfection of crystals grown in solution. Here wafer‐scale single‐crystal CsPbCl3 thin films are successfully grown by vapor‐phase epitaxy method, and the as‐constructed PDs under UV light illumination exhibit an ultralow dark current of 7.18 pA, ultrahigh ON/OFF ratio of ≈5.22 × 105, competitive responsivity of 32.8 A W−1, external quantum efficiency of 10867% and specific detectivity of 4.22 × 1012 Jones. More importantly, they feature superb long‐term stability toward moisture and oxygen within twenty‐one months, good temperature tolerances at low and high temperatures. The ability of the photodetector arrays for excellent UV light imaging is further demonstrated.
Design of Calixarene‐Based ICD Inducer for Efficient Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Zhanzhan , Yue Yu‐Xin , Li Qiushi , Wang Ying , Wu Xueyao , Li Xue , Li Hua‐Bin , Shi Linqi , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD), which in situ generates cancer vaccines and elicits protective cognate anticancer immunity, has brought brightness to cancer immunotherapy. However, poor immunogenicity and low response rate of current ICD‐inducing strategies restrict the development and clinical application of ICD‐based immunotherapy. Herein, a novel calixarene, quaternary ammonium‐modified azocalix[4]arene (CA‐3) that drive bona fide ICD with high efficiency, is presented. In addition, the unique macrocyclic structure offers CA‐3 with great potential to bind with anticancer drugs via host–guest interactions. With these two functions in one molecule, CA‐3 effectively cooperates with various chemotherapeutics to improve their anticancer performance by activating ICD‐associated anti‐tumor immunity. These unique characteristics make CA‐3, a general platform for improving the prognosis of many chemotherapies commonly used in clinical practice. Furthermore, the structure‐activity relationship established in this study also provides insights for the design and synthesis of more efficient calixarene‐based ICD inducers.
Electrically Driven Sub‐Micrometer Light‐Emitting Diode Arrays Using Maskless and Etching‐Free Pixelation
Authors: Moon Ji‐Hwan , Kim Baul , Choi Minho , Woo Kie Young , Kim Byung Su , Ahn Seonghun , Jun Seongmoon , Song Yong‐Ho , Cho Yong‐Hoon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor decades, group‐III‐nitride‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been regarded as a light emitting source for future displays by virtue of their novel properties such as high efficiency, brightness, and stability. Nevertheless, realization of high pixel density displays is still challenging due to limitations of pixelation methods. Here, a maskless and etching‐free micro‐LED (µLED) pixelation method is developed via tailored He focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation technique, and electrically driven sub‐micrometer‐scale µLED pixel arrays are demonstrated. It is confirmed that optical quenching and electrical isolation effects are simultaneously induced at a certain ion dose (≈1014 ions cm−2) without surface damage. Furthermore, highly efficient µLED pixel arrays at sub‐micrometer scale (square pixel, 0.5 µm side length) are fabricated. Their pixelation and brightness are verified by various optical measurements such as cathodo‐, photo‐, and electroluminescence. It is expected that the FIB‐induced optical quenching and electrical isolation method can pioneer a new defect engineering technology not only for µLED fabrication, but also for sub‐micrometer‐scale optoelectronic devices.
Enriching Metasurface Functionalities by Fully Employing the Inter‐Meta‐Atom Degrees of Freedom for Double‐Key‐Secured Encryption
Authors: Zheng Yaqin , Deng Yanhui , Shi Zhonghong , Fan Yulong , Wang Zhuochao , Lei Dangyuan , Zhou Zhang‐Kai , Wang Xue‐Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCreating new functionalities has long been the driving impetus for the development of metasurfaces and meta‐devices. This has routinely been achieved by exploiting the intrinsic degrees of freedom (DoFs) of their building blocks—meta‐atoms, such as searching for new materials or increasing geometric variations. However, these approaches are ultimately bottlenecked by the limited species of natural materials, and often incur additional design or fabrication difficulties. In this work, the authors resort to the relative and absolute structural DoFs at the inter‐meta‐atom (IMA) level to circumvent the above‐mentioned limitations. Eventually, a novel double‐key‐secured encryption system with increased image storage capacity approaching the theoretical limit is successfully devised by fully employing all the IMA DoFs. The generic design approach, which provides a new means to enrich the metasurface functionalities by expanding the capacity of meta‐devices, can be readily adapted in the design of other nanophotonic systems.
Transformable Metasurfaces Enabled by Twisting Induced Nonlocality
Authors: Tang Peng , Tao Jie , Li Min , Gao Fei , Chen Hongsheng , Wang Zuojia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReconfigurable optical interfaces with low power cost are of tremendous interest in imaging and communication applications. This work reveals the nonlocal effect in twisted electric dipoles and demonstrates its capability of non‐volatile transformation on scattering. When electric dipoles are rotated to form a tilted array, the dipolar resonances yield nonlocal interactions tuned by the rotation angle. The collective polarizability transformation maps to a series of circles crossing the origin of coordinates in the complex plane, providing 2π phase coverage and continuous amplitude modulation beyond the theoretical limit of an electric surface. Based on this mechanism, a Bluetooth‐driven nonlocal metasurface is developed for remote switching on scattering channels. Due to the stability of mechanical deformation, the twisted metasurface retains the stored functionality even after the power is removed. Our results offer a nonlocal route to transformable planar optics.
Covalent Organic Framework Based Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Materials, Interfaces, and Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Hu Ben , Xu Jie , Fan Zengjie , Xu Chong , Han Shichang , Zhang Jiaxue , Ma Lianbo , Ding Bing , Zhuang Zechao , Kang Qi , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are recognized as one of the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage technologies owing to their high energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect of polysulfide intermediates and the formation of lithium dendrites are the principal reasons that restrict the practical adoption of current Li–S batteries. Adjustable frameworks, structural variety, and functional adaptability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have the potential to overcome the issues associated with Li–S battery technology. Herein, a summary is presented of emerging COF materials in addressing the challenging problems in terms of sulfur hosts, modified separators, artificial solid electrolyte interphase layers, and solid‐state electrolytes. This comprehensive overview focuses on the design and chemistry of COFs used to upgrade Li–S batteries. Furthermore, existing difficulties, prospective remedies, and prospective research directions for COFs for Li–S batteries are discussed, laying the groundwork for future advancements in this class of fascinating materials.
Advances in Ionic Thermoelectrics: From Materials to Devices
Authors: Sun Shuai , Li Meng , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs an extended member of the thermoelectric family, ionic thermoelectrics (i‐TEs) exhibit exceptional Seebeck coefficients and applicable power factors, and as a result have triggered intensive interest as a promising energy conversion technique to harvest and exploit low‐grade waste heat (<130 °C). The last decade has witnessed great progress in i‐TE materials and devices; however, there are ongoing disputes about the inherent fundamentals and working mechanisms of i‐TEs, and a comprehensive overview of this field is required urgently. In this review, the prominent i‐TE effects, which set the ground for i‐TE materials, or more precisely, thermo‐electrochemical systems, are first elaborated. Then, TE performance, capacitance capability, and mechanical properties of such system‐based i‐TE materials, followed by a critical discussion on how to manipulate these factors toward a higher figure‐of‐merit, are examined. After that, the prevalent molding methods for assembling i‐TE materials into applicable devices are summarized. To conclude, several evaluation criteria for i‐TE devices are proposed to quantitatively illustrate the promise of practical applications. It is therefore clarified that, if the recent trend of developing i‐TEs can continue, the waste heat recycling landscape will be significantly altered.
Synergism of Ultrasmall Pt Clusters and Basic La2O2CO3 Supports Boosts the Reverse Water Gas Reaction Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Xiao , Wang Ke , Wang Huilin , Liu Li , Wu Xueting , Geng Baokang , Chu Xiang , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reverse water‐gas shift reaction (RWGS) has been regarded as a promising approach for fighting climate change caused by the excessive emission of the greenhouse gas CO2, but it still suffers from relatively poor low‐temperature reactivity. Herein, a high‐performance RWGS catalyst composed of ultrasmall Pt clusters (1.38 nm on average) anchored by La2O2CO3 support (PtNC/LOC), which possesses a record CO production rate of 2678 molCO molPt−1 h−1 with nearly 100% CO selectivity at 300 °C, is reported. The specific activity is nearly 1.5 and 7.9 fold higher than that of Pt single atoms and nanoparticles on La2O2CO3, respectively. More importantly, over 87.7% of the initial activity of PtNC/LOC remains after 80 h constant operation at 380 °C, firmly verifying the structural robustness. LOC support is essential, because of not only the moderate basicity that can boost the reaction efficiency but also the strong interaction with Pt species that can stabilize the ultrasmall particle size. Further investigations also point out the key role of the Pt clusters. The two key steps, CO2 adsorption, and CO desorption, individually prefer electron‐rich and electron‐deficient Pt species. Ultrasmall Pt clusters successfully integrate the unique surface states of single atoms and nanoparticles, thus achieving excellent low‐temperature RWGS performance.
Primary myelofibrosis: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDisease OverviewPrimary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by stem cell‐derived clonal myeloproliferation that is often but not always accompanied by JAK2, CALR, or MPL mutations; additional features include bone marrow reticulin/collagen fibrosis, aberrant inflammatory cytokine expression, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), constitutional symptoms, cachexia, risk of leukemic progression, and shortened survival.DiagnosisBone marrow examination with cytogenetic and mutation studies provides integrated diagnostic information; presence of JAK2, CALR or MPL mutation is expected but not required.New Classification SystemThe International Consensus Classification distinguishes “prefibrotic” from “overtly fibrotic” PMF; the former might mimic essential thrombocythemia (ET) in its presentation. Approximately 15% of patients with ET or polycythemia vera (PV) might progress into post‐ET/PV MF.MutationsSRSF2, ASXL1, and U2AF1‐Q157 mutations predict inferior survival in PMF; RAS/CBL mutations predict resistance to ruxolitinib therapy. Type 1/like CALR mutation is associated with superior survival.KaryotypeVery high‐risk abnormalities include −7, inv (3), i(17q), +21, +19, 12p‐ and 11q‐. Favorable risk abnormalities include normal karyotype or isolated +9, 13q‐, 20q‐, 1q abnormalities and loss of Y chromosome.Risk StratificationContemporary prognostic systems include GIPSS (genetically‐inspired prognostic scoring system) and MIPSS70+ version 2.0 (MIPSSv2; mutation‐and karyotype‐enhanced international prognostic scoring system). GIPSS is based exclusively on mutations and karyotype; MIPSSv2 includes, in addition, clinical risk factors.Risk‐Adapted TherapyObservation alone is advised for MIPSSv2 “low” and “very low” risk disease (estimated 10‐year survival 56%–92%); allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) is the preferred treatment of choice for “very high” and “high” risk disease (estimated 10‐year survival 0–13%), as well as in carefully selected patients with intermediate‐risk disease (estimated 10‐year survival 30%). Drug therapy in MF is currently palliative and targets anemia, splenomegaly, and constitutional symptoms.JAK2 InhibitorsRuxolitinib, fedratinib, and pacritinib are FDA approved and respectfully utilized in patients failing treatment with hydroxyurea, ruxolitinib, or with platelet count <50 × 10 (9)/L. Momelotinib is another JAK2 inhibitor that is poised for approval sometime in 2023 and has shown erythropoietic benefits, in addition to affecting spleen and symptom responses.Other Treatment ModalitiesSplenectomy is considered for drug‐refractory splenomegaly and involved field radiotherapy for non‐hepatosplenic EMH and extremity bone pain.New DirectionsNew agents, alone or in combination with ruxolitinib, are currently under clinical trial investigation (ClinicalTrials.gov) and preliminary results were presented at the 2022 ASH annual meeting and highlighted in the current review.
Periventricular heterotopia in a male child with USP9X missense variant
Authors: De Laurentiis Arianna , Ciaccio Claudia , Erbetta Alessandra , Pinelli Michele , Nigro Vincenzo , Pantaleoni Chiara , D'Arrigo Stefano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐specific protease USP9X has been found to play a role in multiple aspects of neural development including processes of neuronal migrations. In males, hemizygous partial loss of function variants in USP9X lead to a clinical phenotype primarily characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, speech and language impairment, behavioral disturbances accompanied by additional clinical features with variable expressivity. Structural brain abnormalities are reported in all cases where neuro‐imaging was performed. The most common radiological features described include hypoplasia/agenesis of the corpus callosum, widened ventricles, white matter disturbances, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Here we report a child harboring a missense variant in USP9X presenting with the classical neurodevelopmental phenotype and a previously unreported radiological picture of periventricular heterotopia. This case expands the phenotypic landscape of this emergent condition and supports the critical role of USP9X in neuronal migration processes.