bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of monocyte activation by PPARα through interaction with
the cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Dong Lijie , Cheng Rui , Ma Xiang , Liang Wentao , Hong Yaru , Li Hui , Zhou Kelu , Du Yanhong , Takahashi Yusuke , Zhang Xiaomin , Li Xiaorong , Ma Jian-xing 
Published: April 2023

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<p>Monocyte activation plays an important role in diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the regulation of monocyte activation in diabetes remains elusive. Fenofibrate, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), has shown robust therapeutic effects on DR in type 2 diabetic patients. Here we found that PPARα levels were significantly down-regulated in monocytes from diabetic patients and animal models, correlating with monocyte activation. Fenofibrate attenuated monocyte activation in diabetes, while <em>PPARα</em> knock-out alone induced monocyte activation. Furthermore, monocyte-specific PPARα overexpression ameliorated, while monocyte-specific <em>PPARα</em> knock-out aggravated, monocyte activation in diabetes. <em>PPARα</em> knock-out impaired mitochondrial function, while increasing glycolysis in monocytes. <em>PPARα</em> knock-out increased cytosolic mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in monocytes under diabetic conditions. <em>STING</em> knock-out or STING inhibitor attenuated monocyte activation induced by diabetes or by <em>PPARα</em> knock-out. These observations suggest that PPARα negatively regulates monocyte activation through metabolic reprogramming and interaction with the cGAS-STING pathway.</p>
The influence of the judge's gender competence on ensuring the equal access to justice
Authors: Fuley T. 
Published: April 2023

Access to justice which is the necessary elements of the Rule of Law as well as Rechtsstaat enables individuals to effectively protect themselves against infringements of their rights. Since the modern international standards which the national judicial system must meet include not only independence, impartiality, competence and efficiency, but also gender sensitivity, therefore the gender competence of judges is not just the demands of the times or a fashionable trend, but primarily a guarantee of the equal access to justice.
Based on the specifics of the functions performed by a judge the article reveals the types of the judge’s gender competence such as expert, method and social competence. Also the author identified five core gender competencies for judges, which are: 1) interacting and communicating with the parties/participants of the process in an appropriate manner (without gender bias); 2) applying procedural legislation to the specific needs of participants in the process, taking into account the circumstances of the case (including the principle of gender equality); 3) searching for and interpreting the rules of substantive law through the use of national and international case law and legal instruments relating to gender equality and prevention of sex- and gender-based discrimination; 4) taking action to effectively protect the rights and legitimate interests of the individual, considering gender aspect; 5) drafting a judgement (judicial opinion writing) in compliance with the principles of gender equality and non-discrimination. Accordingly, in each of the competencies, the necessary knowledge, skills and qualities (values, attitude) of a judge have been identified, corresponding to the three components of the structure of gender competence – cognitive, activities-related and encompassing values and attitudes.
On the basis of analysis of the ECtHR case law some examples of violations by national courts of the requirements of the rule of law regarding access to justice are shown, and it is concluded that quite a few violations of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms could be avoided in a wide range of cases if judges possessed a sufficient level of gender competence, in particular, if they were able to recognize gender-sensitive situations when considering different categories of cases and react appropriately to them. Therefore, the acquisition of gender competences by judges, in particular through training, will contribute to ensuring the equal access to justice, which is one of the strategic objectives of the Council of Europe.
Erosive and ulcerative stomatitis in dogs and cats: which immune-mediated diseases to consider?
Authors: Bizikova Petra , Linder Keith E. , Anderson Jamie G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Immune-mediated and autoimmune diseases of the skin often present with oral cavity involvement. Autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases and pemphigus vulgaris are classic examples. While the primary lesions (vesicles and bullae) are relatively specific, these fragile lesions evolve rapidly into erosions and ulcers, which are lesion types that overlap with many diseases. Furthermore, some immune-mediated diseases such as severe adverse drug reactions, lupus diseases, canine uveodermatological syndrome, and vasculitis, may or may not involve the oral cavity, and often nonoral clinical manifestations are more diagnostic. In these situations, disease knowledge combined with signalment, lesion distribution, and history help to narrow the differentials. Surgical biopsy is required for confirmation in most diseases, while immunosuppressive treatments most typically involve glucocorticoids with or without nonsteroidal immunosuppressants.
Low-dose epidural anesthesia decreases the use of intraoperative systemic analgesics in goats undergoing lower urinary tract surgery
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Nugen Sarah A. , Boesch Jordyn M. , McOnie Rebecca C. , Araos Joaquin , Campoy Luis , Gleed Robin D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To test whether the use of low-dose epidural anesthesia (EA) in goats undergoing lower urinary tract surgery reduces the requirements of perioperative analgesics, contributes to intraoperative hypotension, and improves postoperative comfort during the first 24 hours after surgery.

ANIMALS
Retrospective analysis of 38 goats between January 2019 and July 2022.

PROCEDURES
Goats were divided into 2 groups (EA or no EA). Demographic characteristics, surgical procedure, time of anesthesia, and anesthetic agents used were compared between treatment groups. Outcome variables potentially related to the use of EA included dose of inhalational anesthetics, incidence of hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 60 mm Hg), intraoperative and postoperative administration of morphine, and time to first meal after surgery.

RESULTS
EA (n = 21) consisted of bupivacaine or ropivacaine 0.1% to 0.2% with an opioid. There were no differences between groups except for age (EA group was younger). Less inhalational anesthetic (P = .03) and less intraoperative morphine (P = .008) were used in the EA group. The incidence of hypotension was 52% for EA and 58% for no EA (P = .691). Administration of postoperative morphine was not different between groups (EA, 67%, and no EA, 53%; P = .686). Time to first meal was 7.5 hours (3 to 18 hours) for EA and 11 hours (2 to 24 hours) for no EA (P = .057).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Low-dose EA reduced the use of intraoperative anesthetics/analgesics in goats undergoing lower urinary tract surgery without an increased incidence of hypotension. Postoperative morphine administration was not reduced.
The effect of adding a heated humidified breathing circuit on body temperature in healthy anesthetized dogs
Authors: Jones Susan M. , Burns Charlotte C. , Reed Rachel A. , Quandt Jane E. , Barletta Michele , Sakai Daniel M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of a circulating warm water blanket (WWB) in combination with a heated humidified breathing circuit (HHBC) heated to 45 °C on rectal temperature (RT) in dogs undergoing general anesthesia for elective ovariohysterectomies.

ANIMALS
29 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES
Dogs in the experimental group (n = 8) and dogs in the control group (21) were connected to an HHBC and a conventional rebreathing circuit, respectively. All dogs were placed on a WWB in the operating room (OR). The RT was recorded at baseline, premedication, induction, transfer to OR, every 15 minutes during maintenance of anesthesia, and extubation. Incidence of hypothermia (RT < 37 °C) at extubation was recorded. Data were analyzed using unpaired t tests, the Fisher exact test, and mixed-effect ANOVA. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05.

RESULTS
There was no difference in RT during baseline, premedication, induction, and transfer to OR. The overall RT was higher for the HHBC group during anesthesia (P = .005) and at extubation (37.7 ± 0.6 °C) compared with the control group (36.6 ± 1.0 °C; P = .006). The incidence of hypothermia at extubation was 12.5% for the HHBC group and 66.7% for the control group (P = .014).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The combination of HHBC and WWB can reduce the incidence of postanesthetic hypothermia in dogs. Use of an HHBC should be considered in veterinary patients.
Small and medium enterprises shooting for the stars: what matters, besides size, in outer space economy?
Authors: Jora Octavian-Dragomir , Roşca Vlad I. , Iacob Mihaela , Murea Maria-Mirona , Nedef Matei-Ștefan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The popular mindset and widespread narrative, at least until not so long ago, was that in outer space affairs the fiefdom belongs, politically and economically, to governments and big businesses. An array of alliances between few states and their privileged partners from the corporate world constituted the highly exclusivist space ecosystem. Little room was supposed to be available to non-full-fledged spacefaring nations and enterprises originated from them, a configuration furthermore jammed by the fact that international agreements – i.e., the “Outer Space Treaty” (1967) an the “Moon Treaty” (1979) – seem to be rather dismissive of extensive exploitation of celestial bodies, adding to the already prohibitive costs of such endeavours if legitimized. Devoted mainly to scientific exploration paired with exploitation only of planetary proximities – viz., the large satellite population orbiting the Earth, with their support and serviced industries, all estimated at half a trillion dollars –, the space economy, in its high-tech dimension, steadily democratized itself, becoming more competitive, and collaborative too, opening up to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), many coming from emerging spacefaring nations. The literature covering SMEs contribution to the development of the space economy is on track of consolidation, as the process itself is unfolding, with data covering only the most powerful space players (e.g., US, EU). Valuable insights are added starting from the common wisdom that institutions (channelling economic information and incentives) are the main drivers in space development, rather than business size, even more in a competitive- collaborative global economy. A case study is dedicated to the Romanian experience (that of a relatively new and little player in European/global space affairs). A conclusion is that in an economy of unbounded creativity and borderless capital, visionary enterprises, big or small, fit even into the space industry value chains, if a pro-market, pro-business climate is secured.
Phosphor conversion for WLEDs: YBO3: Ce3+, Tb3+ and its effects on the luminous intensity and chromatic properties of dual-layer WLED model
Authors: My Le Thi Thuy , Thai Nguyen Le , Bui Thuc Minh , Lee Hsiao-Yi , Anh Nguyen Doan Quoc 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Yttrium borate phosphor co-doping Ce3+, Tb3+ ions (YBO3: Ce3+, Tb3+) is fabricated using solid state reaction, and then its luminescence is investigated through the computational energy transfer process. Under excited near-UV light, this YBO3: Ce3+, Tb3+ phosphor exhibits strong absorption with broad and sharp emission bands due to the 4f – 5d and 5d – 4f transitions of Ce3+ ions and the 4f – 4f transition of Tb3+ ions, respectively. The phosphor's emission chromaticity could be tunable by adjusting the concentration of doping ions. With 15% Tb3+ and 3% Ce3+ in the composition, the phosphor can gain maximum 76.7% external quantum efficacy. The phosphor is proposed for utilization in the phosphor package of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) to enhance their lighting performances. The findings point out that by modifying YBO3: Ce3+, Tb3+ concentration (5% – 10%), improvements in luminous intensities, color consistency, and color rendering indices can be observed. The higher concentration (10%) of YBO3: Ce3+, Tb3+ is more advantageous to the luminous flux and chromatic uniformity in cases of 4000 K and 5000 K WLEDs, while lower (5%) concentration greatly benefits those properties in the case of 3000 K WLED. Regardless of CCTs, the WLEDs show a reduction in chromatic reproduction efficiency with the increasing concentration of YBO3: Ce3+, Tb3+. Hence, this green phosphor could be a good material for high-luminescence WLED, yet the modification of phosphor concentration is advisable if the simultaneous good chromaticity is desired.
PENGARUH RASIO KECUKUPAN MODAL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERBANKAN KONVENSIONAL YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Nuroktaviani Dea , Susy Muchtar  
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Assets Size, Assets Quality, dan Liquidity terhadap Profitabilitas. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perbankan konvensional yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan total sampel sejumlah 38 perusahaan perbankan konvensional dari 47 perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun periode 2017-2021. Data diperoleh dari website Bursa Efek Indonesia berupa Laporan Keuangan dan Laporan Tahunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik analisis berganda dengan software E-Views 12.0. berdasarkan pada data yang dikumpulkan pengujian ini dilakukan pada 190 sampel perusahaan dengan model regresi berganda dapat disimpulkan bahwa Aseet Size berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Profitabilitas, serta Liquidity berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Profitabilitas. Sedangkan Capital Adequacy Ratio dan Asset Quality tidak berpengaruh terhadap Profitabilitas.
Encyclopedia of World Tea Culture and a Practical Reference Book
Authors: Xiaoling Zhang 
Published: April 2023

A two-volume scholarly publication edited by Zhou Guofu, head of the China International Tea Culture Institute, A Compendium of Global Tea culture (2019), is a practical guide that explains how tea and tea culture from China spread throughout the world, and how different countries used tea to expand trade and cultural exchanges. The book traces the general meaning, references historical events, and performs a deep analysis of tea culture. The book is notable for its reasoning, harmony, consistency of presentation and rich content. That is why the book is deservedly called “The Encyclopedia of World Tea Culture”.
Three Medieval Chinese Paintings about Girls Leaving for Foreign Lands and Their Historical Background
Authors: Varenov A. V. 
Published: April 2023

The article deals with three Chinese paintings, created in the 13th century. All three scrolls depict different personages living at different times, however the general plot remains the same: an enforced departure of a girl to a foreign land.Zhang Yu’s painting “Wenji returns to Han” tells of an Eastern Han poetess Cai Yan (Cai Wenji), who was a Xiongnu captive for 12 years, redeemed at the beginning of the 3rd century AD by a famous Chinese warlord, poet and politician Cao Cao. Gong Suran’s scroll “Ming-fei leaves the fort” illustrates a legendary story of Wang Zhaojun, one of the “four great beauties of ancient China” and a concubine of the Western Han Emperor Yuan-di, who married a Xiongnu chieftain in the last third of the 1st century BC to save her country from nomad invasion. The third painting looks the most realistic, however the reason for the creation of “Nomads” by Hu Huan is unknown. The author argues that all three paintings, in various artistic form, reflect the same historical event which happened in 1214. This was the enforced marriage of a Jin Empire princess Qi to the Mongolian chieftain Genghis Khan as a condition set by him to raise the siege of the Jin capital. Paintings by Zhang Yu and Gong Suran treat this event allegorically and Hu Huan’s “Nomads” – realistically.
L’entrée du corps de la femme dans le corps de la magistrature ou l’histoire vécue de cette aventure
Authors: Gaboriau-Monthioux Simone 
Published: April 2023

Bouleversement sociologique, la loi du 11 avril 1946 ouvre la magistrature française à « l’un et l'autre sexe » mettant fin à une situation pluriséculaire de monopolisation de la justice par les hommes. Pour s’intégrer dans ce monde « viril » hostile, les femmes ont dû développer des stratégies. Ma propre expérience sera au cœur de ce texte sans la déconnecter des analyses plus globales et systémiques. Ni mon milieu social, ni mes études secondaires ne me prédestinaient à être juge mais j’ai eu très tôt la vocation. Ayant passé le concours d’entrée à l’école de la magistrature, en 1968, j’appartiens à la deuxième vague des pionnières. J’ai découvert, à ma prise de fonctions en 1971, une justice dans un état délétère et j’ai rejoint, très tôt, le Syndicat de la Magistrature créée en 1968 dont je devais devenir la présidente, première femme présidente d’un syndicat judiciaire, 14 ans plus tard. J’ai dû affirmer mon autorité et affronter le machisme ambiant. J’ai réussi à faire une carrière, véritable parcours d’obstacles pour les femmes qui demeurent, quoiqu’actuellement majoritaires dans le corps, minoritaires dans les fonctions de « haute responsabilité ». In fine, je me demanderai si cette arrivée des femmes dans la magistrature a provoqué des changements dans la justice. Je poserai des questions sans nécessairement leur donner à toutes des réponses définitives tant le sujet des femmes de justice reste une « terra incognita » et tant moi-même, après 40 ans de carrière, je ne peux être affirmative sur tout.
TAMAN BACA MASYARAKAT (TBM) SAHITYA SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBANGUN BUDAYA LITERASI DI DESA CANDALI
Authors: Prabowo Muhammad Aras , Hidayani Hidayani , Rahma Defita , Aulia Silvi 
Published: April 2023

Taman Baca Masyarakat merupakan pendidikan nonformal sebagai tindak lanjut dari program pemerintah dan pendidikan berkelanjutan dalam memberdayakan masyarakat melalui gerakan literasi. Taman Baca Masyarakat merupakan program membangun desa pendidikan dari Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia sebagai implementasi dari salah satu Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yaitu pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan pastisipasi aktif, yaitu; (1) Observasi dan Perencanaan (3) Pelaksanaan pendirian TBM dan pelatihan tutor pengelola TBM4) Evaluasi (5) Tindak lanjut. Hasil observasi menemukan banyak anak yang putus sekolah di Desa Candali. TBM sebagai perpustakaan dan pendidikan alternatif dalam memberdayakan masyarakat serta menumbuhkan minat baca masyarakat Desa Candali. Outcome dari program Pengmas yaitu TBM yang berkelanjutan, diteruskan oleh remaja setempat yang telah dibekali kemampuan dan manajemen dalam mengelola TBM. Tim Pengmas Unusia masih mlakukan memonitoring perkembangan TBM melalui grup Whastapp pengelola.
Limited transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools in Ireland during the 2020–2021 school year
Authors: Kelly Ciara , White Philippa , Kennedy Elizabeth , O’Flynn Dearbhail , Colgan Aoife , Ward Mary , O’Sullivan Margaret B , Buckley Claire M , Cosgrove Breda , Canny Melissa , Harkin Katharine , McGuire Fiona , Lynch Catherine , Ryan Aidan , Denyer Sean , Kelleher Kevin , Collins Abigail 
Published: April 2023

Background
The role of schools in SARS-CoV-2 transmission has been a debated topic since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim
To examine SARS-CoV-2 transmission in all schools in Ireland during the 2020–21 school year.

Methods
In a national descriptive cross-sectional study, we investigated PCR-confirmed cases of COVID-19 among students (aged < 20 years) and staff (aged ≥ 20 years) who attended school during their infectious period to identify school close contacts. SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results of all school close contacts were pooled to obtain an overall positivity rate and to stratify positivity rate by school setting and role (i.e. student or staff).

Results
In total, 100,474 individuals were tested as close contacts in 1,771 schools during the 2020–21 school year. An overall close contact positivity rate of 2.4% was observed across all schools (n = 2,373 secondary cases). The highest positivity rate was seen in special schools (3.4%), followed by primary (2.5%) and post-primary schools (1.8%) (p < 0.001). Of the close contacts identified, 90.5% (n = 90,953) were students and 9.5% (n = 9,521) were staff. Overall, students had a significantly higher positivity rate than staff (2.4% vs 1.8%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that a low level of SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurred in Irish schools during the 2020-21 academic year. In the event of future pandemics, and as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there is a need to carefully weigh up the harms and benefits associated with disrupted education to mitigate infectious disease transmission before reflexively closing classes or schools.
Rainfall and Temperature Variations in a Dry Tropical Environment of Nigeria
Authors: Edokpa David O. , Ede Precious N. , Diagi Bridget E. , Ajiere Susan I. 
Published: April 2023

This study examines long-term rainfall and temperature variations over a dry tropical environment in Nigeria. An assessment of the variations of these weather variables showcases the extent of climate change limits and corresponding effects on the biotic environment. Rainfall and temperature data were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency for a period of 31 years (1991-2020) for Kano and Katsina States. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the degree of variability of the weather variables across spatial domains. Results showed that there is a sharp contrast in mean annual rainfall amounts of 1154.1 mm and 569.6 mm for Kano and Katsina located in the dry continental and semi-arid climate zones of Nigeria respectively. It is revealed that the month of August had the highest mean monthly rainfall for both areas i.e. 359 mm and 194 mm with little or no trace during the dry season. The sharp difference in rainfall amount across spatial domains of the near similar climate zones shows that the Inter-tropical Discontinuity (ITD) does not completely overwhelm the northern band of Nigeria in August. The least variable monthly rainfall was in August and July with coefficient variations (CV) of 40% and 47% for Kano and Katsina. The months of February and March had the highest CV of 557% and 273% for the respective areas. In the examined areas the wet and dry seasons are from June-September and October-May respectively. The index of rainfall variability and drought intensity for the areas ranged from 0.85-0.95 and 45% indicating moderate variability and drought respectively. Mean annual temperature values are 33.4 °C and 33.8 °C for Kano and Katsina. The study recommends a proper climate observing scheme, most especially for agrarian practices so as to ensure profitable outputs for human sustainability.