bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of radiation therapy in the management of stage III non-small cell lung cancers: current status and controversies
Authors: Feng Wen , Fu Xiaolong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The treatment of stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) consisting of the heterogeneous stage subsets remains a challenge. Overall, it has been gradually recognized that radiation therapy (RT) plays a crucial role in the management of stage III NSCLC. One superior sulcus tumors are the subset for which the trimodality treatments are clearly preferred. One subset of stage III NSCLC has a minimal disease burden with microscopic pN2 disease or with discrete pN2 involvement identified preoperatively, thus technically could undergo a surgical resection. For the incidentally found pN2 disease after complete surgery (IIIA-1, IIIA-2), the value of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) has been recognized by a reassessment based on new data. However, doubt persists regarding how to define the clinical target volume for PORT. For the discrete pN2 involvement identified preoperatively (a selected part of IIIA-3), induction chemoradiation therapy (CRT) before surgery may yield a survival advantage, although the phase III randomized trials in this issue are not conclusive. The other major subset of stage III NSCLC is the infiltrative stage III NSCLC with N2 or N3 nodal disease (IIIA-3, IIIA-4, and IIIB), for which concurrent CRT is considered as the current standard of care. The potential role of radiation dose escalation/acceleration has been proposed; however, the optimal dose fractionation remains an important unresolved question. Additionally, the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation for stage III patients with high risk of brain metastasis is worth of further assessment. Moreover, how to integrate molecular targeted therapy with RT, as well as whether they had a role in stage III diseases, are other controversies actively under study in ongoing trials. This review specifically describes the updated role of RT in multimodal approach to treat stage III NSCLC and the controversies regarding these results in various situations.
In vitro incubation of cytokine-induced killer cells from patients with and without hepatitis B virus and a cell subset analysis
Authors: Ma Xuebin , Ma Cong , Qiu Wei , Yuan Hongxia , Yang Ping , Kang Jinbo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to explore the difference between immune cell subsets during the incubation of cytokine-induced kill cells (CIKs) from patients with and without hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Methods
Peripheral blood samples were extracted from 50 tumor patients, and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HBV. The proliferation rate and activity of CIK cells were examined based on counts on days 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 of culture. Additionally, the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD56+ T cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry on days 5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 of culture.

Results
Proliferation over a 15-day period was higher in the HBV-positive group than in the negative group (280-fold vs. 180-fold increase, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point. The frequencies of CD3+, CD8+ T, CD3+CD8+, and CD3+CD56+T cells increased over time, while those of CD4+ and CD3+CD4+ T cells decreased over time, and these changes were greater in the positive group than in the negative group. The differences in CD8+ T cells and CD3+CD4+ T cells between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The proliferative capacity of CIK cells was higher for patients in the HBV-positive group than those in the HBV-negative group, and immune cell subsets were more favorable in the HBV-positive group than the negative group.
Comparison of the dose to lung volume between supine and prone position during treatment planning ⁎
Authors: Li Yu , Xu Huijun , Zhang Sujing , Liu Xiaoliang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the dose to lung volume in the supine and prone position while designing CyberKnife treatment plans to treat metastatic tumors in the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae, and offer a reference for reducing damage to normal tissues.

Methods
Nine cases of metastatic tumors in the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae were selected, and then we designed treatment plans based on the supine and prone positions and compared the results.

Results
In contrast with the treatment plan based on the prone position, the one for the supine position required 14862-36337 MU more; the lung D
5% was 5.20-7.90 Gy higher; and the lung D
20% was 2.61-5.73 Gy higher. The difference of dose to spine volume between the two plans was -2.21-2.67 Gy; to the skin volume was -3.93-7.85 Gy; and to the esophagus was 0.28-6.39 Gy.

Conclusion
The treatment plan based on the prone position of patients can better protect lung tissues than the one based on the supine position, and can also improve the availability of beams.
Clinical and pathological observations of retroperitoneal paraganglioma in 32 cases
Authors: Xiao Feiying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical manifestations, pathologic features, differentiation, and diagnosis of retroperitoneal paraganglioma.

Methods
The clinical manifestations, histopathologic morphology, immunohistologic features, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed in 32 cases of retroperitoneal paraganglioma, and the literature was reviewed. Results Low back pain was the main symptom of retroperitoneal paraganglioma, and patients often presented with increased blood pressure. Blood vessels were abundant in the neoplasm of retroperitoneal paraganglioma, and pathologic diagnosis showed that the cells of tumors were rich in cytoplasm, and some were basophilic. Immunohistochemical study showed that CgA, Syn, S-100, and Ki-67 (2%-30%) were expressed, while Melan-A and CK were not. The patients were treated with surgical resection. Thirteen cases were followed up, and no recurrence or metastases have been observed.

Conclusion
The diagnosis of retroperitoneal paraganglioma should be confirmed by morphologic features and immunophenotype. Patients should be followed-up due to the potential for malignancy.
Intestinal lymphangiectasia associated with chylothorax and multiple lower extremity arteriovenous malformation: A case report and literature review ⁎
Authors: Li Haojie , Hu Daoyu , Liang Lili , Hu Yao , Li Zhen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is an uncommon protein losing enteropathy, characterized by small intestinal mucosa or serosa lymphangiectasia and intestine lymph loss. Currently, IL is a very rare disease in children or adults, with typical clinical symptoms including hypoalbuminemia, absolute lymphocyte reduction, ascites, edema, etc. We report a case of an adult with intestinal lymphatic ectasia accompanied by chylothorax and multiply arteriovenous malformations of the hip and lower extremity. CT and MRI revealed diffuse edema and thickening of the small intestine, accompanied by splenomegaly and pleural effusion. Extensive nodularity of lower ileum and the ileocecal region could be seen during intestinal endoscopy. Finally, small intestinal lamina propria lymphangiectasis was confirmed by pathological examination. To raise awareness of the disease, here we compare our case and those previously reported, and discuss the diagnosis and management of IL.
Preliminary clinical application of an adaptive iterative statistical reconstruction algorithm inhead and neck computed tomography angiography with low tube voltage and a low concentration of contrast medium
Authors: Hu Shan , Zhu Wenzhen , Hu Daoyu , Meng XiaoYan , Zhang Jinhua , Wan Weijia , Zhou Li 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of using a low concentration of contrast medium (Visipaque 270 mgI/mL), low tube voltage, and an advanced image reconstruction algorithm in head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methods
Forty patients (22 men and 18 women; average age 48.7 ± 14.25 years; average body mass index 23.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2) undergoing CTA for suspected vascular diseases were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A (n = 20) was administered 370 mgI/mL contrast medium, and group B (n = 20) was administered 270 mgI/mL contrast medium. Both groups were administered at a rate of 4.8 mL/s and an injection volume of 0.8 mL/kg. Images of group A were obtained with 120 kVp and filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction, whereas images of group B were obtained with 80 kVp and 80% adaptive iterative statistical reconstruction algorithm (ASiR). The CT values and standard deviations of intracranial arteries and image noise on the corona radiata were measured to calculate the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The beam-hardening artifacts (BHAs) around the skull base were calculated. Two readers evaluated the image quality with volume rendered images using scores from 1 to 5. The values between the two groups were statistically compared.

Results
The mean CT value of the intracranial arteries in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.001). The CNR and SNR values in group B were also statistically higher than those in group A (P < 0.001). Image noise and BHAs were not significantly different between the two groups. The image quality score of VR images of in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P = 0.001). However, the quality scores of axial enhancement images in group B became significantly smaller than those in group A (P< 0.001). The CT dose index volume and dose-length product were decreased by 63.8% and 64%, respectively, in group B (P < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion
Visipaque combined with 80 kVp and 80% ASiR provided similar image quality in intracranial CTA with 64% radiation dose reduction compared with the use of Iopamidol, 120 kVp, and FBP reconstruction.
Precision medicine for diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Rui , Fu Freddie H. , Wang Bing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, most commonly affecting children and adolescents. With a low 5-year survival rate, osteosarcoma is among the most dangerous threats to the health and life of young people. In many cases, lung micro-metastases are detected at the time of osteosarcoma diagnosis, which makes it very difficult to save patients’ lives even with very radical treatments such as surgical amputation to remove the primary lesion. Patients with osteosarcoma often die of lung metastatic disease. The diagnosis of osteosarcoma at an early stage is therefore very important for disease prognosis. Osteosarcoma shows a remarkable variation in its pathologic presentation between its different pathologic sub-types and from patient to patient. Prior to displaying any abnormalities in cellular morphology, molecular and biochemical metabolic changes may occur, leading to increases in abnormally functioning oncoproteins. New evidence from molecular biological and genomic studies provides critical information about the occurrence, development, metastasis, and prognosis of osteosarcoma. The precision medicine approach, which allows for individualized treatment, has improved the prognosis and treatment outcomes for osteosarcoma. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the recent key discoveries in osteosarcoma and to highlight optimal strategies for diagnosis and treatment.
Extracellular and cytoplasmic regions of LRIG1 play a negative role in EGFR activity: Findings of a radioligand-binding assay ⁎
Authors: Zhu Xiqun , Yi Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a newly identified human gene that inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which on combining with a ligand, can drive tumor growth. This study investigated the interaction between human LRIG1 and EGFR and attempted to delineate the functions of as well as the mechanisms used by the extracellular (ECD) and cytoplasmic (CPD) domains of the human LRIG1 protein to downregulate human EGFR signaling activity.

Methods
Two constructed chimeric eukaryotic expression vectors, pIRES2-EGFP-3XFLAG-LRIG1-ET and p3FLAG-LRIG1-TC, encoding the extracellular and transmembrane regions (LRIG1-ET) and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions (LRIG1-TC), respectively, and the plasmid p3XFLAG-CMV-9-LRIG1 encoding full-length LRIG1 (LRIG1-FL) were transfected into the human glioma cell line U251 or primary astrocytoma cells by using liposomes. The number and affinity of cell surface EGFR on transfected cells was determined by 125I-EGF binding assay.

Results
The dissociation constant (KD) values for EGFR were higher, and the maximum increase was observed in the cells transfected into LRIG1-ET (1.36 folds). The number of maximal binding sites (Bmax) of the receptors was decreased in all transfected cells; the maximum decrease was noted in the cells transfected into LRIG1-FL (40.05%).

Conclusion
Both the ECD and CPD of LRIG1 are important to negate EGFR signaling. The ECD may interfere with the binding between EGFR and its ligand and facilitate the functions of CPD. The CPD may, when brought in proximity to EGFR, enhance receptor degradation. These two mechanisms can contribute to the downregulation of EGFR-mediated signaling by LRIG1.
Quantitative differential diagnosis of breast tumors using shear wave velocity and different probe orientations ⁎
Authors: Huang Yuan , Deng Youbin , Wang Liping , Cui Xinwu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional benefit of the difference of maximum and minimum shear wave velocity (SWV) values obtained at different probe orientations (D-value) for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors.

Methods
SWV (m/s) was measured in 123 breast tumors (92 benign, 31 malignant) in 76 female patients with the probe placed on the transverse, longitudinal, and 45° planes. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were compared with respect to the maximum SWV, minimum SWV, D-value, maximum SWV combined with the D-value, and minimum SWV combined with the D-value.

Results
There was a significant difference among the values of the maximum SWV, minimum SWV, and D-value for the 3 planes (P < 0.001). The AUROC curves for the maximum SWV, minimum SWV, and D-values of the 3 planes were 0.751 (P = 0.379), 0.486 (P = 0.863), and 0.603 (P = 0.204), respectively. The cutoff value for the maximum SWV for differentiating benign tumors from malignant tumors was 2.51 m/s (sensitivity 67%, specificity 50%). The cutoff value for the minimum SWV was 1.61 m/s (sensitivity 53%, specificity 50%). Adding the D-value increased the AUROC curve for the maximum SWV from 0.571 to 0.733 and the minimum SWV from 0.486 to 0.504 (P = 0.964), respectively.

Conclusion
SWV differs in different planes of breast tumors. The D-value can provide a reference for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors.
The expression of estrogen receptors in thyroid cancer and its significance
Authors: Che Yuxuan , Qin Huamin , Ding Xiaolei , Sun Xiuhua , Wang Lifen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The study aimed to detect the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in thyroid cancer and investigate the correlation between their expression and clinical features and different pathological types.

Methods
The expression of ERs in 56 samples of thyroid cancer tissues was detected by an immunochemical approach. The expression of ERs in thyroid cancer tissues and different pathological types were analyzed using the χ2 test.

Results
The number of cases with positive expression of ER in thyroid cancer tissues was 36. The number of papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) was 48, with positive expression of ERs in 32 cases. The number of follicular thyroid cancers was 4, with positive expression of ERs in 2 cases. The number of medullary thyroid cancers was 4, with negative expression of ERs in all cases. The difference between the expression and different pathological types showed statistical significance. The expression of ERs showed no correlation with sex, age, or TNM stage, with no statistical significance. However, the expression of ERs was correlated with metastasis of lymph nodes, which had statistical significance. The expression of ERs was negatively correlated with pathological types and metastasis of lymph nodes. The correlated coefficient index was -0.313 and -0.334, respectively.

Conclusion
The expression of ERs showed no correlation with sex, age, or TNM stage, but was negatively correlated with pathological types and metastasis of lymph nodes.
Comparison of the effects of two types of multileaf collimators on tumor control probability in radiotherapy for breast cancer after conservative surgery based on the EUD model ⁎
Authors: Zhang Fuli , Wang Yadi , Xu Weidong , Jiang Huayong , Gao Junmao , Liu Qingzhi , Lu Na , Chen Diandian , Yao Bo , Hou Jun , He Heliang , Chen Jianping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To compute and compare the tumor control probability (TCP) of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for breast cancer after conservative surgery based on two types of multileaf collimator (MLC) through a retrospective planning study.

Methods
For a group of 9 patients diagnosed with left breast cancer, VMAT plan based on Agility MLC and beam modulator (BM) MLC were designed. The prescription dose was 50 Gy covering at least 95% of the planning target volume, 2 Gy per fraction. TCPs were calculated according to dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis.

Results
The TCP of the BM VMAT plan was slightly higher than that of the Agility VMAT plan (94.61% vs 94.23%) but was inferior with respect to delivery efficiency; the delivery time was reduced for Agility VMAT plan by 35% compared to BM VMAT plan.

Conclusion
For breast cancer radiation therapy after conservative surgery, BM VMAT plans provide slightly higher TCP while the delivery of Agility VMAT plans is significantly faster than the BM VMAT plans.
Clinical predictive values of biomarker levels in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wei Wenqing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the predictive value of serum levels of PD-1, IL-17, and IL-21 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods
Serum levels of PD-1, IL-17, and IL-21 were analyzed by ELISA in 45 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 30 healthy individuals.

Results
Serum PD-1, IL-17, and IL-21 levels were significantly different between preoperative patients with NSCLC and the control group (P < 0.01), while there was no significant differences between the postoperative patients and the control group (P > 0.05). Comparison of serum PD-1, IL-17, and IL-21 levels of patients with NSCLC before and after the operation revealed a decrease in PD-1 and IL-17 levels and an increase in IL-21 levels. The serum levels of PD-1 and IL-17 were higher in patients with advanced staged disease than in those with early stage cancer (P < 0.05), while IL-21 levels were lower at the advanced stages (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
In patients with NSCLC, serum levels of PD-1, IL-17, and IL-21 changed considering the surgical operation and the course of the disease. Screening these biomarker levels might provide a helpful index for treatment and prognosis
Accuracy of preoperative serum CA19-9 levels in predicting the resectability of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Ying , Yang Xiaojuan , Zhang Zhanzhan , Kang Xiaoning , Liu Shanglong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the accuracy of preoperative serum CA19-9 levels in predicting the resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods
Patients with biopsy-proven pancreatic adenocarcinoma who had preoperative serum CA19-9 level data were enrolled in the present retrospective analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of CA19-9. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated at this cut-off point.

Results
Seventy-six patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma that was considered potentially resectable according to radiological imaging were included. Of all 76 patients, 44 received complete resection of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The preoperative serum CA19-9 level was significantly higher in the unresectable tumor group than in the resectable tumor group (P = 0.0036). The area under the ROC curve was 0.749 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.637-0.842). When the cut-off value of CA19-9 was set to 359.1 U/mL, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 71.9% (95% CI: 53.3%-86.3%), 70.5% (95% CI: 54.8%-83.2%), 63.9% (95% CI: 46.0%-79.4%), and 77.5% (95% CI: 61.5%-89.2%), respectively.

Conclusion
The preoperative serum CA19-9 level is useful for predicting the resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Recurrent ascites due to spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture after pelvic radiation therapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Shen Qian , Yin Yuping , Zhang Lihong , Liu Dongbo , Yu Shiying , Xiong Huihua , Yuan Xianglin , Jiang Yongsheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Radiation cystitis is one of the major complications after radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. However, spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture resulting from radiation cystitis after radiotherapy for cervical cancer is extremely rare. We report a 52-year-old patient who received radiation therapy for cervical cancer 15 years ago. Since the last 8 years, the patient frequently presented with recurrent abdominal distension, oliguria, and ascites. Ascitic fluid drainage and supportive treatment provided symptomatic relief. However, every few months, the symptoms recurred. The patient was subjected to exploratory laparotomy twice. The first exploratory laparotomy in July 2015 revealed no significant abnormalities. During the second exploratory laparotomy in November 2016, intraperitoneal bladder rupture was observed, and the patient underwent surgical repair. After the surgery, ascites was completely cured. The occurrence of spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture after radiation therapy in cervical cancer patients is rare. The prognosis for the condition is good if it is promptly diagnosed and treated.
EDGE non-invasive radiosurgery for gastric neuroendocrine hepatic portal lymph node metastases: a case report
Authors: Yu Qianqian , Tang Yang , Zhuang Liang , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Treating metastatic gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs) is challenging, especially for those with progressive disease during somatostatin analog processing. In this report, we present a case of a well-differentiated grade 2, type 3 gNEN with metastatic hepatic portal lymph nodes. EDGE non-invasive radiosurgery (800 cGy × 5 F) was performed to radiate the metastatic hepatic portal lymph nodes. Three months after the hyperfractionated radiotherapy, no signs of metastatic hepatic portal lymph nodes were observed using 8Ga-dotatate positron emission tomography-computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, EDGE non-invasive radiosurgery could be a potential option for treating local metastatic nodes.