bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of fact‐checking warning labels and social endorsement cues on climate change fake news credibility and engagement on social media
Authors: Koch Timo K. , Frischlich Lena , Lermer Eva 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOnline fake news can have noxious consequences. Social media platforms are experimenting with different interventions to curb fake news' spread, often employing them simultaneously. However, research investigating the interaction of these interventions is limited. Here, we use the heuristic‐systematic model of information processing (HSM) as a theoretical framework to jointly test two interventions against fake news that are implemented at scale by social media platforms: (1) adding warning labels from fact checkers to initiate systematic processing and (2) removing social endorsement cues (e.g., engagement counts) to reduce the influence of this heuristic cue. Moreover, we accounted for dispositions previously found to affect a person's response to fake news through motivated reasoning or cognitive style. An online experiment in Germany (N = 571) confirmed that warning labels reduced the perceived credibility of a fake news post exaggerating the consequences of climate change. Warning labels also lowered the (self‐reported) likelihood to amplify fake news. Removing social endorsement cues did not have an effect. In line with research on motivated reasoning, left‐leaning individuals perceived the climate fake news to be more credible and reported a higher likelihood to amplify it. Supporting research on cognitive style, participants with lower educational levels and a less analytic thinking style also reported a higher likelihood of amplification. Elaboration likelihood was associated only with age, involvement, and political leaning, but not affected by warning labels. Our findings contribute to the mounting evidence for the effectiveness of warning labels while questioning their relevance for systematic processing.
Development and evaluation of machine learning models and nomogram for the prediction of severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Luo Zhu , Shi Jialin , Fang Yangyang , Pei Shunjie , Lu Yutian , Zhang Ruxia , Ye Xin , Wang Wenxing , Li Mengtian , Li Xiangjun , Zhang Mengyue , Xiang Guangxin , Pan Zhifang , Zheng Xiaoqun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) in patients progresses rapidly and can cause multiple organ failures associated with high mortality. We aimed to train a machine learning (ML) model and establish a nomogram that could identify SAP, early in the course of acute pancreatitis (AP).MethodsIn this retrospective study, 631 patients with AP were enrolled in the training cohort. For predicting SAP early, five supervised ML models were employed, such as random forest (RF), K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), and naive Bayes (NB), which were evaluated by accuracy (ACC) and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The nomogram was established, and the predictive ability was assessed by the calibration curve and AUC. They were externally validated by an independent cohort of 109 patients with AP.ResultsIn the training cohort, the AUC of RF, KNN, and NB models were 0.969, 0.954, and 0.951, respectively, while the AUC of the Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP), Ranson and Glasgow scores were only 0.796, 0.847, and 0.837, respectively. In the validation cohort, the RF model also showed the highest AUC, which was 0.961. The AUC for the nomogram was 0.888 and 0.955 in the training and validation cohort, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that the RF model exhibited the best predictive performance, and the nomogram provided a visual scoring model for clinical practice. Our models may serve as practical tools for facilitating personalized treatment options and improving clinical outcomes through pre‐treatment stratification of patients with AP.
Association Between Utilization of Digital Prenatal Services and Vaginal Birth After Cesarean
Authors: Peahl Alex , Ojo Ayotomiwa , Henrich Natalie , Shah Neel , Jahnke Hannah 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionDigital health services are a promising but understudied method for reducing common barriers to vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), including connection to facilities offering labor after cesarean and patient‐centered counseling about mode of birth. This study assesses the relationship between use of digital prenatal services and VBAC.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the use of digital prenatal services and mode of birth among users of an employer‐sponsored digital women's and family digital health platform. All users had a prior cesarean birth. Users’ self‐reported data included demographics, medical history, and birth preferences. We used basic descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to assess the association between digital services utilization and VBAC, adjusting for key patient characteristics.ResultsOf 271 included users, 44 (16.2%) had a VBAC and 227 (83.8%) had a cesarean birth. Users of both groups were similar in age, race, and ethnicity. Fewer users in the VBAC group (5/44, 11.4%) as compared with the cesarean birth group (62/227, 27.3%) had a prepregnancy body mass index greater than or equal to 30 (P = 0.02). Likewise, more users in the VBAC group preferred vaginal birth (34/44, 77.3% vs 55/227, 24.2%; P < 0.01). In adjusted models, the services associated with VBAC were care advocate appointments (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.67; 95% CI, 1.99‐54.4), health care provider appointments (aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.25), and resource reads (aOR, 1.05, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.09). VBAC rates were higher for users who reported the digital health platform influenced aspects of their pregnancy and birth.DiscussionReducing cesarean birth rates is a national priority. Digital health services, particularly care coordination and education, are promising for accomplishing this goal through increasing rates of trial of labor after cesarean and subsequent VBAC rates.
Factors contributing to patient safety during triage process in the emergency department: A systematic review
Authors: Fekonja Zvonka , Kmetec Sergej , Fekonja Urška , Mlinar Reljić Nataša , Pajnkihar Majda , Strnad Matej 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTriage is a dynamic environment in which large numbers of people can present. It presents a vulnerable assessment point, as a triage nurse must assess a patient's urgency level and analyse their health status and expected resource needs. Given the critical nature of triage, it is necessary to understand the factors contributing to patient safety.ObjectivesTo identify and examine the factors contributing to patient safety during the triage process.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was undertaken, and a thematic analysis of the factors contributing to patient safety during the triage process. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, SAGE, EMBASE and reference lists of relevant studies published in English until March 2022 were searched for relevant studies. The search protocol has been registered at the PROSPERO (CRD42019146616), and the review was conducted using the PRISMA criteria.ResultsOut of 5366 records, we included 11 papers for thematic synthesis. Identified factors contributing to patient safety in triage are related to the emergency's work environment, such as patient assessment, high workload, frequent interruptions and staffing, and personal factors such as nurse traits, experience, knowledge, triage fatigue and work schedule.ConclusionsThis review shows that patient safety is influenced by the attitude, capabilities and experiences of triage nurses, the time when nurses can dedicate themselves to the patient and triage the patient without disruption. It is necessary to raise awareness among nursing administrators and healthcare professionals to provide a safe triage environment for patients.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis review highlights the evidence on the factors contributing to patient safety in the triage process. Further research is needed for this cohort of triage nurses in the emergency department concerning ensuring patient safety.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution was required to design or undertake this review.
Development of a classification model and an immune‐related network based on ferroptosis in periodontitis
Authors: Xu Zhihong , Tan Ruolan , Li Xiaodong , Pan Lanlan , Ji Ping , Tang Han 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPeriodontitis is an immunoinflammatory disease characterized by irreversible periodontal attachment loss and bone destruction. Ferroptosis is a kind of immunogenic cell death that depends on the participation of iron ions and is involved in various inflammatory and immune processes. However, information regarding the relationship between ferroptosis and immunomodulation processes in periodontitis is extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between ferroptosis and immune responses in periodontitis.MethodsGene expression profiles of gingivae were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus data portal. After detecting differentially expressed ferroptosis‐related genes (FRGs), we used univariate logistic regression analysis followed by logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to establish a ferroptosis‐related classification model in an attempt to accurately distinguish periodontitis gingival tissues from healthy samples. The infiltration level of immunocytes in periodontitis was then assessed through single‐sample gene‐set enrichment analysis. Subsequently, we screened out immune‐related genes by weighted correlation network analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis and constructed an immune‐related network based on FRGs and immune‐related genes.ResultsA total of 24 differentially expressed FRGs were detected, and an 8‐FRG combined signature constituted the classification model. The established model showed outstanding discriminating ability according to the results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In addition, the periodontitis samples had a higher degree of immunocyte infiltration. Activated B cells had the strongest positive correlation while macrophages had a strong negative correlation with certain FRGs, and we found that XBP1, ALOX5 and their interacting genes might be crucial genes in the immune‐related network.ConclusionsThe FRG‐based classification model had a satisfactory determination ability, which could bring new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Those genes in the immune‐related network, especially hub genes along with XBP1 and ALOX5, would have the potential to serve as promising targets of immunomodulatory treatments for periodontitis.
The clinical significance of Aspergillus‐positive respiratory samples
Authors: Katriina Pihlajamaa , Veli‐Jukka Anttila , Ulla Hodgson 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAspergilli moulds are frequently detected in sputum and other respiratory samples. It is not known what the significance of these findings is, or how to differentiate contamination, temporary or persistent colonisation from clinical infection when Aspergilli are found in respiratory samples.ObjectivesIn this study we studied the clinical significance of Aspergillus findings from respiratory samples.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 299 patients who had provided Aspergillus‐positive respiratory samples in 2007–2016, which provided a follow‐up time of 3–13 years. Data were collected from laboratory registry and Helsinki University Hospital medical records. Underlying diseases, immunosuppression, reasons for sample collection, clinical significance of positive Aspergillus culture, antifungal medication, and patient survival were assessed.ResultsUnderlying pulmonary disease had 88% of patients, most commonly asthma (44%), bronchiectasis (30%) or COPD (21%). Corticosteroids (orally or inhalation therapy) prior to positive samples used 78%; the use of corticosteroids did not explain the development of Aspergillus disease. Pulmonary disease caused by Aspergillus was identified in 88 (29%) of the reviewed patients; remaining samples did not represent clinical disease. Chronic cavitary or fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA or CFPA) had 44 (49%) of the diseased. The probability of Aspergillus disease increased when Aspergillus‐positive samples were given repeatedly within 1 year (p = .001). Mortality for all reasons was 45%. The repeated positive samples did not predict survival (p = .084), but the diagnosis of CPA did (p < .001).ConclusionsThe possibility of Aspergillus disease increases when Aspergilli are found repeatedly, collection of samples should be repeated due to method insensitivity. Diagnosis of CPA predicted significantly lower survival.
Arabidopsis NPF2.13 functions as a critical transporter of bacterial natural compound tunicamycin in plant–microbe interaction
Authors: Liu Chuanfa , Hao Dongdong , Sun Ruixue , Zhang Yi , Peng Yang , Yuan Yang , Jiang Kai , Li Wenyang , Wen Xing , Guo Hongwei 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Metabolites including antibiotics, enzymes, and volatiles produced by plant‐associated bacteria are key factors in plant–microbiota interaction that regulates various plant biological processes. There should be crucial mediators responsible for their entry into host plants. However, less is known about the identities of these plant transporters.

We report that the Arabidopsis Nitrate Transporter1 (NRT1)/NPF protein NPF2.13 functions in plant uptake of tunicamycin (TM), a natural antibiotic produced by several Streptomyces spp., which inhibits protein N‐glycosylation. Loss of NPF2.13 function resulted in enhanced TM tolerance, whereas NPF2.13 overexpression led to TM hypersensitivity. Transport assays confirmed that NPF2.13 is a H+/TM symporter and the transport is not affected by other substrates like nitrate. NPF2.13 exclusively showed TM transport activity among tested NPFs.

Tunicamycin uptake from TM‐producing Streptomyces upregulated the expression of nitrate‐related genes including NPF2.13. Moreover, nitrate allocation to younger leaves was promoted by TM in host plants. Tunicamycin could also benefit plant defense against the pathogen. Notably, the TM effects were significantly repressed in npf2.13 mutant.

Overall, this study identifies NPF2.13 protein as an important TM transporter in plant–microbe interaction and provides insights into multiple facets of NPF proteins in modulating plant nutrition and defense by transporting exterior bacterial metabolites.
Orofacial traits related to oral health‐related quality of life in Brazilian acromegaly patients
Authors: Campelo Renata C. , da Silva Maria L. M. , Nascimento Gilvan C. , Azulay Rossana S. S. , Rocha Viviane C. C. , Damianse Sabrina S. P. , Magalhães Marcelo , Faria Manuel dos S. , Rodrigues Vandilson P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate orofacial traits and general factors related to oral health‐related quality of life in acromegaly patients.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study with 34 acromegaly patients was conducted. The OHIP‐14 questionnaire was used to assess oral health‐related quality of life scores. To assess orofacial and occlusion morphology, an oral evaluation was performed. Correlation measures, multiple linear regression and a structural equation model (SEM) were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsThe presence of arthrosis (SC = 0.467, SE = 0.155, p = 0.003) and smoking history (SC = 0.459, SE = 0.206, p = 0.026) were associated with a negative impact on oral health‐related quality of life. Mandibular protrusion was related to physical pain (β = 2.74, p = 0.029). Anterior open bite (β = 4.44, p = 0.004) and anterior crossbite (β = 2.61, p = 0.026) were related to psychological disability. Diastema was related to social disability (β = 3.42, p = 0.037) and handicap (β = 2.74, p = 0.044).ConclusionThe findings suggest that smoking, arthrosis and orofacial alterations (mandibular protrusion, open bite, crossbite and diastema) have a negative impact on oral health‐related quality of life in acromegaly patients.
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis presenting as bilateral upper eyelid erythema: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Jung Emily H. , Avila Sarah A. , Nastasi Samantha , Kim H. Joon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common vasculitis of childhood characterized by petechial or purpuric rash, abdominal pain, arthralgia, and renal involvement. Ophthalmic manifestations of IgAV are uncommon. Herein, we describe a case of bilateral upper eyelid erythema presenting in a 6‐year‐old male, leading to a diagnosis of IgAV.
All‐around trade liberalization and firm‐level employment: Theory and evidence from China
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lopez Antonio , Yu Miaojie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChinese firms faced an all‐around trade liberalization process during the early 2000s: lower barriers from other countries on Chinese goods, and lower Chinese barriers on other countries' goods and inputs. This paper disentangles the effects of each type of trade liberalization on Chinese firm‐level employment. We find that reductions in Chinese and foreign final‐good tariffs are associated with job destruction in low and mid‐low productivity firms and job creation in high‐productivity firms. Chinese final‐good trade liberalization produces the largest firm‐level employment responses, whereas the employment effects of Chinese input‐trade liberalization are limited to job destruction in the least productive firms.
The Enduring Price of Place: Revisiting the Rural Cost of Living☆
Authors: Zimmerman Julie N. , Rignall Karen , McAlister Cameron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEven as the 2016 elections brought increased public attention to rural life, stereotypes and misconceptions abound. One of these misperceptions is the generalization that prices are lower in rural areas. This article is a restudy of Zimmerman, Ham, and Frank (2008) research on geographic differences in the costs of living. Asking the same fundamental question—if someone bought the same thing in a rural and urban area, would they pay the same price?—and using the same methodology, the results 10 years later indicate that, contrary to popular perception, there was again no consistent pattern of lower prices in rural counties and no consistent pattern of a lower rural cost of living in all of the rural areas. While prices are only one piece of the larger picture of how rural households meet their needs, in addition to price differences, the results highlight how differences in rural life create additional costs that extend beyond prices.
Biopolitics and the Cinema of Extremes
Authors: Ezerova Daria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the past few years, a number of scholars have examined Russian culture in a global context, marking a turn toward the transnational in Russian studies. However, scholarship on contemporary Russian cinema has been slow to take up this trend, paying more attention to local and internal aspects of recent cinema than to global socio‐political conditions. This article addresses this issue by focusing on Russian cinema of the 2000s and 2010s alongside two concurrent developments in European film: the French cinéma du corps and the Romanian New Wave. Specifically, it focuses on the aesthetics of the body in Vasilii Sigarev’s Wolfie (2009) and The Land of Oz (2015) and compares it to that of Claire Denis’s Trouble Every Day (2001) and Cristi Puiu’s The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (2005). The article argues that the representations of physicality in Sigarev’s films exemplify a cultural response to the rise of biopolitics in Russia, which took place with the spread of neoliberalism to the post‐Soviet space. By considering Russian cinema in tandem with that of France and Romania, the article demonstrates that while the modes of representing the body may differ, all of them seek to create a biopolitical subject as a critique of social conditions that obtain with the global hegemony of neoliberalism. At the same time, they construct a different viewer: while Denis’s and Puiu’s humanistic modernism sees the spectator as a sovereign subject, Sigarev’s postmodernist leaning destroys the possibility of an external vantage point, interrogating the extent to which the biopolitical/neoliberal condition can dominate cultural expression. The comparative analysis thus not only tests the notion of cultural singularity in the twenty‐first century but raises a broader question of how neoliberal subjectivity can be represented in the visual arts.
Powered or manual toothbrushing for people with physical or intellectual disabilities – A systematic review
Authors: Kalf‐Scholte Sonja M. , Valkenburg Cees , van der Weijden Fridus (G. A.) , Slot Dagmar Else 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of a powered (PTB) and a manual (MTB) toothbrush in the hands of people with physical (PD) or intellectual (ID) disabilities or in the hands of a caregiver on parameters of plaque and gingival inflammation.MethodsMEDLINE‐PubMed, Cochrane‐CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched from initiation up to February 2022. The inclusion criteria were clinical trials conducted in people with PDs or IDs and comparing the effect of toothbrushing with a PTB to an MTB on plaque removal and gingival health. Data were extracted from the eligible studies and analyzed in four subgroups based firstly on the person performing the toothbrushing, either the participants or a caregiver, not a dental professional, and secondly on the main disability of the participants, either PD or ID. Heterogeneity and risk of bias were assessed, data were extracted from the eligible studies, and a descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsThe search yielded 294 unique papers; after selection 16 eligible publications describing 25 comparisons were included: 12 self‐brushing and 13 caregiver‐brushing comparisons. Considerable clinical and methodological heterogeneity was present; together with limited numerical data, not allowing for a meta‐analysis. The descriptive analysis showed, in the majority, no statistically significant difference between PTB and MTB. This applied to self‐brushing and caregiver‐brushing in both disability groups.ConclusionThis review demonstrates with a low level of evidence that a PTB compared to an MTB in the hands of people with PD or ID or in the hands of their caregivers results in no clinical difference in effectiveness on parameters of plaque and gingival inflammation.