bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Internalized Stigma on Peer Relationships in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Üşenmez Tülay Yildirim , Durmaz Gülbeyaz Baran , Budak Funda Kavak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of internalized stigma on peer relationships in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study was conducted in a Special Education and Rehabilitation Center between August and September 2022. The correlational and cross-sectional study sample consisted of 70 adolescents with ADHD. The Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Internalized Stigma Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the Peer Relationship Scale were used to collect the data. It was determined that the mean total score of internalized stigma levels of adolescents was 93.24 (16.16), and the mean total score of peer relationships was 53.78 (10.76). It was determined that there was a strong negative correlation between the total score of internalized stigma and peer relationships (r = − 0.748, p = 0.001). In addition, it was determined that internalized stigma predicted peer relationships by 55%. It can be said that internalized stigma and peer relationships of adolescents are moderate, and as adolescents' internalized stigma levels increased, their peer relationships decreased.
The Random Pattern De-Epithelialized Turn Over Flap
Authors: Bhatnagar S. K. , Pandey Arun K. , Kumar Pramod , Sahi R. P. , Singh O. P. , Kalra G. S. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryRandom pattern de-epithelialized flap has been used in 23 cases as resurfacing procedure and its scope has been evaluated in elective as well as in emergency situations.
A New Method for Covering Defects over Forearm with Extern Al Fixator Apparatus in Position
Authors: Pathil D. L. , Kumta S. M. , Thatte R. L. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA case of a mutilating injury of the forearm treated with a multiple entry A. O. external fixator was provided with a flap cover from the abdomen. The manoeuvre used to achieve the flap cover, along with a brief discussion is being presented.
Toxicity of trimethoprim towards marine microalgae: implication for environmental risk assessment
Authors: Duan Weiyan , Su Bo , Feng Pengfei , Zhang Chan , Du Liqin , Wu Jiangyue 
Published: August 2023

Context Trimethoprim (TMP) is a common antibacterial medication used in human and veterinary medicine, including in aquaculture. Antibiotic misuse and abuse results in the antibiotic pollution of water and has attracted increasing attention. Antibiotics are frequently detected in water bodies and pose a certain environmental risk to the aquatic system. Aims Two marine diatoms, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum, were tested for toxicity to better understand the ecological implications of TMP in the marine system. Methods The routine static toxicity test method for microalgae was selected to be used. Key results The 96-h median effective concentration (EC50) values based on average specific growth rate (96-h ErC50) were >1.000 and >5.000 mg L−1 for P. tricornutum and S. costatum respectively. Conclusions P. tricornutum was more sensitive than S. costatum in its exposure to TMP, with a no observation-effect concentration (NOEC) value of 0.063 mg L−1. On the basis of the risk data, TMP poses a great risk to the aquatic system in certain countries. Implications The results of this study provide a better understanding of the potential ecological risks of TMP in the marine environment.
The role of grass-tree Xanthorrhoea semiplana (Asphodelaceae) canopies in temperature regulation and waterproofing for ground-dwelling wildlife
Authors: Petit Sophie , Frazer Deborah S. 
Published: August 2023

Context The iconic grass-trees (Xanthorrhoea semiplana) of Australia are used by many animal species, but their role as shelters against weather extremes is poorly known. The severe contribution of the fungal pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi to grass-tree deaths and current burning practices could affect small animal conservation by exacerbating impacts of weather extremes. Aims We examined the buffering role of X. semiplana canopies against extreme weather at four sites in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Methods We measured ambient temperature, temperatures under grass-tree canopies, and 2 m away at random locations in summer (>35°C) and in winter (<13°C) over 24-h periods at each study site. We scored soil dryness under the canopies during and after heavy rainfall. Key results Temperatures under grass-tree canopies were more stable and with smaller ranges than other temperatures, and showed dramatic differences in summer when conditions were up to 20°C cooler than ambient. Temperatures were higher under grass-trees at night in winter. The soil under the largest canopies was completely dry during and after heavy rainfall. Conclusions Xanthorrhoea semiplana buffers ground-dwelling animals against temperature extremes and rain so that the animals maintain their thermal resistance. Animals may choose foraging times based on grass-tree availability. The largest grass-trees provide the best shelter. Implications Considerable grass-tree deaths from P. cinnamomi infestation, together with removal or burning, can have dramatic detrimental consequences for their habitat value and the survival of wildlife using them as shelter.
Simple Python tools for modelling few-level atom-light interactions
Authors: Downes Lucy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the interactions between atoms and light is at the heart of atomic physics. Being able to ‘experiment’ with various system parameters, produce plots of the results and interpret these is very useful, especially for those new to the field. This tutorial aims to provide an introduction to the equations governing near-resonant atom-light interactions and present examples of setting up and solving these equations in Python. Emphasis is placed on clarity and understanding by showing code snippets alongside relevant equations, and as such it is suitable for those without an excellent working knowledge of Python or the underlying physics. Hopefully the methods presented here can form the foundations on which more complex models and simulations can be built. All functions presented here and example codes can be found on GitHub.
Two magnetic entropy peaks during one-step martensitic transformation in a Ni42Co8Mn37.5In12.5 alloy
Authors: Wu Xiaokang , Cheng Fei , Wang Jiaotong , Guo Yuanjun , Jiang Runxiang , Zheng Aqun , Bi Pengfei , Sun Hao , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Magnetic shape memory alloys with multiple entropy change (ΔSM
) peaks are promising to extend the working temperature window (ΔT
eff) in active magnetic refrigeration. They usually have multi-step martensitic transformations, since the multiple variations of structure and magnetic states lead to the one-to-one corresponding ΔSM
peaks. In this work, we report an interesting Ni42Co8Mn37.5In12.5 magnetocaloric alloy, which exhibits only one-step martensitic transformation but generates two considerable ΔSM
peaks with the value of 7.2 J K−1 kg−1 and 9.9 J K−1 kg−1 under 6 T respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the restriction internal stresses stemming from the lattice mismatch between martensite and austenite, the random local stresses produced by defects, the interfacial hindrances of wide phase boundaries, and the inhibition of dispersed precipitates, which divide the one-step transformation into two discrete stages. Such multiple ΔSM
peaks are beneficial for expanding the working temperature window of magnetocaloric refrigerators.
Ferroelectric source follower for voltage-sensing nonvolatile memory and computing-in-memory
Authors: Toprasertpong Kasidit , Matsui Chihiro , Takenaka Mitsuru , Takeuchi Ken , Takagi Shinichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Memory arrays and computing-in-memory architecture based on emerging nonvolatile memory devices with a current-sensing scheme face several challenges when implemented in large-scale arrays, such as power and area penalties, voltage drop, and power-source limitations. Here, we demonstrate ferroelectric source followers as nonvolatile memory devices operating with a voltage-sensing scheme. The voltage output read out from the source terminal of a ferroelectric field-effect transistor is determined in a nonvolatile manner by the polarization state stored in a ferroelectric gate insulator, giving a higher output voltage at a lower threshold voltage. Device modeling reveals that the output voltage is described by a simple expression of the threshold voltage, gate bias, drain bias, and body-effect factor. Simple characteristics, low readout energy consumption (∼fJ) owing to an absence of steady current, and fast readout operation (∼ns) make ferroelectric source followers promising for voltage-sensing nonvolatile memory and voltage-sensing synapse as well as activation functions (biased rectified linear units) in computing-in-memory.
Experimental study of transient surface charging during dielectric barrier discharges in air gap in needle-to-plane geometry
Authors: Yang Xin , Wang Wei , Wang Xinyan , Du Yan , Meng Yongpeng , Wu Kai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Motivated by a deeper understanding of plasma–surface interactions, this study presents experimental investigations into the transient surface charging process during dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in an air gap in a needle-to-plane geometry based on a combination of the Pockels method and a custom-designed ultrafast multi-frame imaging system. We realized three-frame observations of transient surface charge distributions, with a remarkable temporal resolution of 3 ns, during positive primary discharges and negative reverse discharges when applying a positive square-wave pulse. During the positive primary discharges at the rising voltage front, following the circular expansion of the streamer over the surface, multiple streamer filaments bifurcate simultaneously from the center, resulting in a branched positive surface charge distribution. Gradient surface charge densities are observed along the channel with higher charge densities at the head, which gradually evolve into a uniform distribution along the channel as the streamers approach stagnation. No lateral expansion of positive charges is observed across the channel under the present condition. In the case of negative reverse discharges occurring at the falling edge of the voltage pulse, the neutralization of residual positive surface charges and the accumulation of negative surface charges occur simultaneously in the central region. The deposited negative surface charges exhibit a progressively expanding circular distribution characterized by increasing charge density and radius. The propagation dynamics of surface streamers and the fields induced by surface charges are investigated and discussed based on the spatio-temporal surface charge measurements. Further study suggests that the surface streamer is not driven by the over-accumulation of surface charges, but rather by the space charge field above the dielectric. The presented quantitative measurements can be used for detailed validation of DBD simulations and offer deeper insights into plasma–surface interactions.
On the primary silicon precipitation during the eutectic solidification of Al–Si alloys
Authors: Majumder Anuruddha , Chatterjee Dipankar , Nandy Sambhunath 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
During the Al–Si eutectic alloy solidification, silicon distribution throughout the melt is not homogeneous which causes silicon segregation. A four phase Eulerian model of solidification is developed and invoked in Ansys Fluent simulation software to track the silicon segregation location and to understand the distribution of the segregating silicon in the Al–Si metal matrix. The recalescence phenomena are also observed during the solidification process. It is found that the silicon segregation is nearly 1.08 volume %, and the silicon is mostly found near the top surface of the simulation domain. It is also revealed through the numerical simulation that the columnar solid phase grains grow rapidly towards the center of the casting in the early stage of the solidification and the segregating silicon phase is generated near the columnar phase. However, the globular solid phases are also observed at the center of the simulation domain. The above numerical predictions are satisfactorily validated with the in-house experiment conducted using a specific alloy known as eutectic Al–Si (LM6).
Self-powered and broadband CuSCN/Si heterojunction photodetector for multi-color imaging based on diffuse reflection mode
Authors: Liu Yujin , Meng Yilong , Liu Junqing , Li Qingduan , Ji Zhong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) has been widely used in photodetectors (PDs). However, the reported CuSCN-based PDs are suffered from narrow operating wavelength range and relatively low photodetection performance. Here, we fabricate an CuSCN/Si heterojunction PD by a simple low-temperature solution spin-coating method achieving excellent performance. Our designed CuSCN/Si PD exhibits a broadband response range covering ultraviolet–visible-infrared, a high detectivity of 2.26 × 1012 Jones coming from an ultralow dark current of 23 pA, and a decent responsivity of 11 mA W−1, a high linear dynamic range of 122 dB, and short response time of 25/150 μ (rise and decay time). Moreover, we demonstrate multi-color imaging across the wide wavelength range, indicating the CuSCN/Si PD has a promising potential in the imaging field. This work may pave the way for fabricating low-cost, nontoxicity, and high-performance CuSCN-based PD and broadening its applications.
On the structure of generic subshifts
Authors: Pavlov Ronnie , Schmieding Scott 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate generic properties (i.e. properties corresponding to residual sets) in the space of subshifts with the Hausdorff metric. Our results deal with four spaces: the space S of all subshifts, the space

S

′

of non-isolated subshifts, the closure

T

′

‾

of the infinite transitive subshifts, and the closure

T

T

′

‾

of the infinite totally transitive subshifts. In the first two settings, we prove that generic subshifts are fairly degenerate; for instance, all points in a generic subshift are biasymptotic to periodic orbits. In contrast, generic subshifts in the latter two spaces possess more interesting dynamical behavior. Notably, generic subshifts in both

T

′

‾

and

T

T

′

‾

are zero entropy, minimal, uniquely ergodic, and have word complexity which realizes any possible subexponential growth rate along a subsequence. In addition, a generic subshift in

T

′

‾

is a regular Toeplitz subshift which is strongly orbit equivalent to the universal odometer.
A lesson plan revisiting the Eratosthenes experiment to teach the seasons inductively from a space-based perspective
Authors: Aydin Mirac , Wiyarsi Antuni , Fitriyana Nur , Ilkbahar Mahmud Tugrul , Setiawan Ihsan Nur 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a lesson plan designed to teach seventh-grade students about the seasons and reflections of the students using an inductive approach from a space-based perspective. The plan establishes students’ prior knowledge of the topic and continues with the Eratosthenes experiment as a central experience. Eratosthenes experimented in the 250s BC and calculated the Earth’s circumference during the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere. Teachers used this experiment as a practical learning tool to teach the concept of seasons using the inductive method. Eleven seventh-grade students from Turkey, thirty middle-grade students from Indonesia, and their science teachers participated in the study. The students conducted the Eratosthenes experiment in vernal equinox in Turkey and Indonesia and calculated the circumference of the Earth. The measurements were taken in the experiment from a space-based perspective. After conducting the Eratosthenes experiment, the students reflected on their experiences. They discussed the connection of the experiment to the causes of the seasons. Afterwards, teachers conducted direct instruction and problem-solving activities related to the seasons. Reflections from student experiences and experiments were discussed. The study concluded that the lesson plan involving the Eratosthenes experiment provides an in-depth experience for students and enhances their understanding of the factors related to the space-based perspective.
Structural optimization of magnetostrictive composite materials in magnetostrictive current sensor
Authors: Xu Shaoyi , Sun Junwen , Wang Chengtao , Zhong Wenbing , Xing Fangfang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fiber optic current sensor based on magnetostrictive composite material is suitable for multiple industrial fields. Aiming at increasing the low sensitivity caused by conventional magnetostrictive composites, this work designed optimized magnet focusing structure of magnetostrictive composite material to develop high-performance fiber optic current sensor. The influence of magnetic focusing structures on the performance of current sensor was analyzed and validated through theoretical modeling and finite element-based simulation. Experimental tests were carried out to validate the superiority of proposed sensor compared with the existing sensors. Results show that the dimensional difference in the four proposed magnetostrictive composite structures (section B) leads to the different magnetic field distribution, and the proposed sensors are more sensitive than those of traditional structures. A repeatability error of 2.5%, a sensitivity of 0.16952 μϵ A−1, and a linearity of 2.2% can be achieved by the proposed hourglass type sensor with low-cost and wide range between 0 A and 900 A.
Femtosecond pulse parameter estimation from photoelectron momenta using machine learning
Authors: Szołdra Tomasz , Ciappina Marcelo F , Werby Nicholas , Bucksbaum Philip H , Lewenstein Maciej , Zakrzewski Jakub , Maxwell Andrew S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Deep learning models have provided huge interpretation power for image-like data. Specifically, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated incredible acuity for tasks such as feature extraction or parameter estimation. Here we test CNNs on strong-field ionization photoelectron spectra, training on theoretical data sets to ‘invert’ experimental data. Pulse characterization is used as a ‘testing ground’, specifically we retrieve the laser intensity, where ‘traditional’ measurements typically lead to 20% uncertainty. We report on crucial data augmentation techniques required to successfully train on theoretical data and return consistent results from experiments, including accounting for detector saturation. The same procedure can be repeated to apply CNNs in a range of scenarios for strong-field ionization. Using a predictive uncertainty estimation, reliable laser intensity uncertainties of a few percent can be extracted, which are consistently lower than those given by traditional techniques. Using interpretability methods can reveal parts of the distribution that are most sensitive to laser intensity, which can be directly associated with holographic interferences. The CNNs employed provide an accurate and convenient ways to extract parameters, and represent a novel interpretational tool for strong-field ionization spectra.
Numerical and experimental study of the ultimate pressure and self-repairing capability of diverging magnetic fluid seal with stepped pole pieces
Authors: Cao Zhiqiang , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Chengtao , Li Decai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the objective of enhancing the performance of magnetic fluid seal in scenarios with large clearance, an innovative design of a diverging magnetic fluid seal with stepped pole piece has been developed. In contrast to the ordinary magnetic fluid seal, this new seal has advantages such as simple structure and high ultimate pressure. This study investigated the influence of different sealing gaps, step number and step height on both the ultimate pressure and self-repairing capability of the sealing device. The results indicate that the experimental and theoretical values of the new seals have similar trends, and their ultimate pressure and self-repairing capability are closely related to these parameters. These findings confirm the excellent sealing performance of the sealing device.
Generation of periodic evolution patterns by the interaction of pearcey-gaussian beams carrying sidelobe in parabolic potential
Authors: Wen Jianjun , Wang Haowen , Xiao Yan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Based on the fractional Schrödinger equation, the propagation properties of the Pearcey-Gaussian beam with the sidelobe in the parabolic potential are studied by using the split-step Fourier numerical simulation method. The focusing phenomenon appears without the parabolic potential when Pearcey-Gaussian beam carries the sidelobe. In the case of the parabolic potential, the beam forms the bound state in the propagation process. The period of the bound state decreases as the parabolic potential coefficient increases. In addition, the interaction of two Pearcey-Gaussian beams with the sidelobe in the potential is investigated. The effect of Lévy index, interval parameter, initial phase factor and parabolic potential coefficient on the interaction of two Pearcey-Gaussian beams with sidelobe is considered.
Casimir energy of N magnetodielectric δ-function plates
Authors: Abhignan Venkat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To investigate Casimir electromagnetic interaction in N bodies, we implement multiple δ-function plates with electric and magnetic properties. We use their optical properties to study the Casimir energy between the plates by implementing multiple scattering formalism. We initially solve Green’s functions for two and three plates configurations to obtain their reflection coefficients. Further, the coefficients are implemented in multiple scattering formalism, and a simple method was obtained to depict energy density distribution in the multiple scattering expansions using diagrammatic loops. The Casimir energy for N bodies depends on multiple scattering parameter Δ; this parameter was distributed into nearest neighbour scattering and next-to-nearest neighbour scattering terms represented by different loops depending on reflection, transmission and propagation distance. In this manner, the Casimir energy density was generalized to N plates by identifying a systematic pattern in the representation of diagrammatic loops.
The sojourn times of one dimensional discrete-time quantum walks
Authors: Cai Shuiying , Huang Qingyu , Ye Yiwen , Wen Yongxian , Lin Yunguo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the existing literature, a sojourn time of a discrete-time quantum walk is not a random variable. To solve this problem, we redefine the sojourn time of a quantum walk where its coin evolution operator can be general. We first discuss a class of quantum walks governed by flip operators. We cumulatively calculate how much time a walker spends in the set of non-negative integers up to a fixed evolution time. Whether a walker makes a left or right evolution, we add up the staying times as long as it stays within the target set. We define a sojourn time as the total amount of the staying times. Compared with existing definitions, we show that this definition can satisfy the probability normalization. From this, we define a random variable about the sojourn time and discuss its probability distribution. We build a mathematical model to characterize a sojourn time that is embedded into a quantum walk. These results are also valid for a class of quantum walks governed by general coin operators. We also give a method for calculating the sojourn time and analyze the shape features of its probability distribution.