bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General knowledge-sharing and patient engagement in online health communities: an inverted U-shaped relationship
Authors: Meng Fanbo , Liu Yixuan , Zhang Xiaofei , Liu Libo 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Effectively engaging patients is critical for the sustainable development of online health communities (OHCs). Although physicians’ general knowledge-sharing, which is free to the public, represents essential resources of OHCs that have been shown to promote patient engagement, little is known about whether such knowledge-sharing can backfire when superfluous knowledge-sharing is perceived as overwhelming and anxiety-provoking. Thus, this study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the role of general knowledge-sharing in OHCs by exploring the spillover effects of the depth and breadth of general knowledge-sharing on patient engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
The research model is established based on a knowledge-based view and the literature on knowledge-sharing in OHCs. Then the authors test the research model and associated hypotheses with objective data from a leading OHC.

Findings
Although counterintuitive, the findings revealed an inverted U-shape relationship between general knowledge-sharing (depth and breadth of knowledge-sharing) and patient engagement that is positively associated with physicians’ number of patients. Specifically, the positive effects of depth and breadth of general knowledge-sharing increase and then decrease as the quantity of general knowledge-sharing grows. In addition, physicians’ offline and online professional status negatively moderated these curvilinear relationships.

Originality/value
This study further enriches the literature on knowledge-sharing and the operations of OHCs from a novel perspective while also offering significant specific implications for OHCs practitioners.
Transition from work integration social enterprises to ordinary employment in situations of low employability: results of an intervention programme
Authors: Yurrebaso Garazi , Arostegui Igone , Villaescusa Maria 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The transition of people to the ordinary market after completing the due process of a work integration social enterprise is a critical moment that exposes their vulnerability. This paper aims to present the results of an intervention programme designed to support job search efforts and identify the main factors that contribute to this transition.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data on the programme results were collected through administrative documentation and the Employability Factors Scale. Qualitative data were gathered using focus groups and questionnaires to understand participants’ perspectives.

Findings
The levels of employment achieved, improvement in employability and participants’ assessment provided evidence of the programme’s effectiveness. Likewise, having an individual’s support, systematisation of the program and intermediation with ordinary companies were the factors that most influenced the programme results. Therefore, this study confirms the need for personal, systematic, personalised and sustained support over time to facilitate the transition from work integrated social enterprises to ordinary markets.

Originality/value
There are few studies on transitioning from work integration social enterprises to ordinary companies. This study offers a unique view of implementing an employment support programme and its impact on people.
Forest mycorrhizal dominance depends on historical land use and nitrogen‐fixing trees
Authors: Wurzburger Nina , Elliott Katherine J. , Miniat Chelcy Ford 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Most forests are recovering from human land use, making it critical to understand the effect of disturbance on forest recovery. Forests of the eastern United States have a long history of land use, but it is unknown whether historical disturbances have contributed to their transition from ectomycorrhizal (ECM) to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree dominance. Disturbance may promote nitrogen (N)‐fixing trees in early succession, which can elevate soil N availability even after they die. Higher soil N availability may facilitate the competitive success of AM trees over ECM trees, but such ‘N fixer founder effects’ have not been empirically tested.

Here, we analysed data from three land‐use disturbances in a temperate forest historically dominated by ECM trees: selective‐cutting (ranging from 0 to 52 m2 ha−1), clear‐cutting and agricultural abandonment. These disturbances occurred at different times, but long‐term data capture 3–7 decades of forest recovery.

We found that the AM tree fraction in contemporary forests was 2, 4, and 6‐fold higher following selective‐cutting, clear‐cutting and agricultural abandonment, respectively, compared to forest composition in 1934. Across these disturbances we also observed an increasing abundance of the N fixer black locust immediately following disturbance. Using a simulation model parameterized by data from black locust, we estimated historical rates of symbiotic N fixation to understand the relationship between N fixation and AM dominance in individual plots. We found that N fixation was positively associated with the growth of ECM trees generally, and oak and hickory specifically, only following light selective‐cutting (<12 or <18 m2 ha−1 basal area extraction, respectively). Following higher levels of selective‐cutting and clear‐cutting, N fixation was positively associated with the growth of AM trees, particularly red maple and tulip poplar. Agricultural abandonment led to AM dominance regardless of N fixation rates.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings suggest that common land use practices and black locust, a native N fixer, can reduce the dominance of ECM trees. If N fixers are likely to proliferate following disturbance, we might maintain ECM dominance by cutting trees at low densities and by applying prescribed fire to remove N.
Water quality and adverse health effects on the hemodialysis patients: An overview
Authors: Raimundo Raquel , Preciado Laura , Belchior Rita , Almeida Cristina M. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHemodialysis is considered a treatment of choice for patients with renal failure worldwide, allowing the replacement of some kidney functions by diffusion and ultrafiltration processes. Over 4 million people require some form of renal replacement therapy, with hemodialysis being the most common. During the procedure, contaminants in the water and the resulting dialysate may pass into the patient's blood and lead to toxicity. Thus, the quality of the associated dialysis solutions is a critical issue. Accordingly, the discussion of the importance of a dialysis water delivery system controlled by current standards and recommendations, with efficient monitoring methods, disinfection systems, and chemical and microbiological analysis, is crucial for improving the health outcomes of these patients. The importance of treatment, monitoring, and regulation is emphasized by presenting several case studies concerning the contamination of hemodialysis water and the adverse effects on the respective patients.
Translating theories of justice into a practice model for triage of scarce intensive care resources during a pandemic
Authors: Knochel Kathrin , Schmolke Eva‐Maria , Meier Lukas , Buyx Alena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, national triage guidelines were developed to address the anticipated shortage of life‐saving resources, should ICU capacities be overloaded. Rationing and triage imply that in addition to individual patient interests, interests of population health have to be integrated. The transfer of theoretical and empirical knowledge into feasible and useful practice models and their implementation in clinical settings need to be improved. This paper analyzes how triage protocols could translate abstract theories of distributive justice into concrete material and procedural criteria for rationing intensive care resources during a pandemic. We reconstruct the development and implementation of a rationing protocol at a German university hospital: describing the ethical challenge of triage, clarifying the aspirational norms, and summarizing specific norms of fair triage and allocation for developing an institutional policy and practice model and implementing it. We reflect on how critical topics are seen by clinicians and what helped manage the perceived burdens of the triage dilemma. We analyze what can be learned from this debate regarding the difficult issues around triage protocols and their potential implementation into clinical settings. Analyzing the ought‐to‐is gap of triage, integrating abstract ethical principles into practical concepts, and evaluating those should clarify the benefits and risks of different allocation options. We seek to inform debates on triage concepts and policies to ensure the best possible treatment and fair allocation of resources as well as to help protect patients and professionals in worst‐case scenarios.
Multiparametric mapping of white matter reorganizations in patients with frontal glioma‐related epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Simin , Zhao Fei , Yang Xibiao , Tan Qiaoyue , Li Shuang , Shao Hanbin , Su Xiaorui , Gong Qiyong , Yue Qiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsEpilepsy is a common symptom in diffuse lower‐grade glioma (DLGG). The specific role of white matter (WM) alteration in patients with glioma‐related epilepsy (GRE) is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the reorganization of WM tracts and changes in structural networks related to GRE.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted images were collected from 70 patients with left frontal DLGG (GRE = 33, non‐GRE = 37) and 41 healthy controls (HC). Tractometry with TractSeg was applied to segment tracts and quantify fractional anisotropy (FA) along each tract. Structural network was constructed using constrained spherical deconvolution and probabilistic tractography. FA and network properties were compared among three groups.ResultsCompared with HC, both GRE and non‐GRE showed decreased FA in contralateral inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus II and arcuate fasciculus, increased nodal efficiency in contralateral nodes of frontal–parietal and limbic networks, whereas decreased degree centrality and betweenness centrality in nodes of dorsal temporal lobe and rostral middle frontal gyrus (rMFG). Additionally, when compared GRE with non‐GRE, increased FA in contralateral corticospinal tract (CST) and lower betweenness centrality in paracentral lobule (PCL) in GRE (all p < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction).ConclusionThis study indicates that patients with left frontal DLGG exhibit complex WM reorganization, and the altered regions mainly concentrated in the language, frontal–parietal and limbic networks. Moreover, the preserved integrity in contralateral CST and server decreased nodal betweenness in PCL may be potential neuroimaging markers underlying the occurrence of presurgical seizures of GRE.
Accuracy of positive airway pressure titration through telemonitoring of auto‐adjusting positive airway pressure device connected to a pulse oximetry in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Foresi Antonio , Vitale Tommaso , Prestigiacomo Rosaria , Ranieri Piera , Bosi Marcello 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeIn COVID‐19 era, all forms of access of patients to the sleep units should be reduced as much as possible when implementing telemedicine. In the field of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) therapy with positive airway pressure (PAP) devices, telemedicine includes the use of built‐in software (BIS) and storage of PAPs and remote‐controlled data (BISrc data) that are processed and transmitted daily to sleep units.We compared two methods of evaluating the final residual severity of OSA patients in home PAP titration: BISrc data versus nocturnal portable multichannel monitoring (PM) data in PAP (reference method) and to verify whether the efficacy PAP therapy guided by BISrc data was clinically adequate.MethodsWe conducted a real‐life prospective study in newly diagnosed patients with OSA. Patients used an auto‐adjusting positive airway pressure (AirSense 10 ResMed) with a pulse oximeter that allows daily transfer of BISrc data (apnea hypopnea index [AHI] and SaO2) and remote changes in ventilator setting. Once the PAP titration was completed, the pressure value or ranges were kept constant for 3 days and home PM was repeated.ResultsThere were 41 patients with moderate to severe OSA who completed the study. When considering AHI only, the diagnostic accuracy of BISrc on the third day was equal to 97.5%; when considering AHI > 10/h, ODI > 10/h, and SaO2 < 90%, the diagnostic accuracy slightly decreased to 90.2%.ConclusionIn clinical practice, the two measurement methods are equivalent. The use of BISrc data for home titration would reduce the access to sleep units. We urge that widespread use of BISrc be promoted in the current practice of management of OSA.
Results of the compassionate program of inotuzumab ozogamicin for adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Spain
Authors: Torrent Anna , Morgades Mireia , García‐Calduch Olga , de Llano María Paz Queipo , Montesinos Pau , Navarro Irene , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús María , Bárez‐García Abelardo , González‐Campos José , Oiartzabal Itziar , Valero Marta , Cervera Marta , Zudaire Teresa , Albors‐Ferreiro Manuel , López‐Godino Oriana , Gil‐Cortés Cristina , Villalón Lucía , Saldaña Raquel , Ribera Josep‐María 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe prognosis of relapsed B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is poor and few patients can be successfully rescued with conventional therapies. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO), an antibody against the CD22 antigen linked to calicheamicin, has been approved as a rescue treatment in relapsed/refractory (R/R) B‐ALL.Patients and MethodsThis was an observational, retrospective, multicenter study of adult patients included in the Spanish program of compassionate use of IO in centers from the PETHEMA group (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología).ResultsThirty‐four patients with a median age of 43 years (range, 19–73) were included. Twenty patients (59%) were refractory to the last treatment, IO treatment was given as ≥3rd salvage treatment in 25 patients (73%) and 20 patients (59%) received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation before IO treatment. After a median of 2 cycles of IO, 64% of patients achieved complete response (CR)/complete response with incomplete recovery. The median response duration, progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) were 4.7 (95%CI, 2.4–7.0 months), 3.5 (95%CI, 1.0–5.0 months) and 4 months (95%CI, 1.9–6.1 months) respectively, with better OS for patients with relapsed B‐ALL versus refractory disease (10.4 vs. 2.5 months, respectively) (p = .01). There was a trend for better OS for patients with first CR duration >12 months (7.2 months [95%CI, 3.2–11.2] vs. 3 months [95% CI, 1.8–4.2] respectively) (p = .054). There was no sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) event during IO treatment, but three patients (9%) developed grade 3–4 SOS during alloHSCT after IO treatment.ConclusionsOur study showed slightly inferior outcomes of the pivotal trial probably due to poorer risk factors and late onset of IO therapy of recruited patients. Our results support early use of IO in relapsed/refractory ALL patients.
The role of microRNA in psoriasis: A review
Authors: Jiang Xingyu , Shi Rongcan , Ma Rui , Tang Xinyi , Gong Yu , Yu Zengyang , Shi Yuling 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease that involves a complex interplay between infiltrated immune cells and keratinocytes. Great progress has been made in the research on the molecular mechanism of coding and non‐coding genes, which has helped in clinical treatment. However, our understanding of this complex disease is far from clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNA molecules that are involved in post‐transcriptional regulation, characterised by their role in mediating gene silencing. Recent studies on miRNAs have revealed their important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We reviewed the current advances in the study of miRNAs in psoriasis; the existing research has found that dysregulated miRNAs in psoriasis notably affect keratinocyte proliferation and/or differentiation processes, as well as inflammation progress. In addition, miRNAs also influence the function of immune cells in psoriasis, including CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells and so on. In addition, we discuss possible miRNA‐based therapy for psoriasis, such as the topical delivery of exogenous miRNAs, miRNA antagonists and miRNA mimics. Our review highlights the potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and we expect more research progress with miRNAs in the future, which will help us understand this complex skin disease more accurately.
Evaluation of partial pressure CO2 change in the dialyzer blood inlet during hemodialysis as a measure of vascular access recirculation
Authors: Rotondi Silverio , Perrotta Adolfo , Pintus Giovanni , Capasso Laura , Pasquali Marzia , Farcomeni Alessio , Paoloni Emanuela , Mazzaferro Sandro , Tartaglione Lida 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionVascular access recirculation during hemodialysis is associated with reduced effectiveness and worse survival outcomes. To evaluate recirculation, an increase in pCO2 in the blood of the arterial line during hemodialysis (threshold of 4.5 mmHg) was proposed. The blood returning from the dialyzer in the venous line has significantly higher pCO2, so in the presence of recirculation, pCO2 in the arterial blood line may increase (ΔpCO2) during hemodialysis sessions. The aim of our study was to evaluate ΔpCO2 as a diagnostic tool for vascular access recirculation in chronic hemodialysis patients.MethodsWe evaluated vascular access recirculation with ΔpCO2 and compared it with the results of a urea recirculation test, which is the gold standard. ΔpCO2 was obtained from the difference in pCO2 in the arterial line at baseline (pCO2T1) and after 5 min of hemodialysis (pCO2T2). ∆pCO2 = pCO2T2–pCO2T1.FindingsIn 70 hemodialysis patients (mean age: 70.52 ± 13.97 years; hemodialysis vintage of 41.36 ± 34.54, KT/V 1.4 ± 0.3), ∆pCO2 was 4 ± 4 mmHg, and urea recirculation was 7% ± 9%. Vascular access recirculation was identified using both methods in 17 of 70 patients, who showed a ∆pCO2 of 10 ± 5 mmHg and urea recirculation of 20% ± 9%; time in months of hemodialysis was the only difference between vascular access recirculation and non‐vascular access recirculation patients (22 ± 19 vs. 46 ± 36, p: 0.05). In the non‐vascular access recirculation group, the average ΔpCO2 was 1.9 ± 2 (p: 0.001), and the urea recirculation % was 2.8 ± 3 (p: 0.001). The ΔpCO2 correlated with the urea recirculation % (R: 0.728; p < 0.001).DiscussionΔpCO2 in the arterial blood line during hemodialysis is an effective and reliable diagnostic tool for identifying recirculation of the vascular access but not its magnitude. The ΔpCO2 test application is simple and economical and does not require special equipment.
Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates alcoholic liver disease by altering gut microbiota composition and host immune response in mice
Authors: Gao Yuting , Zhang Peng , Wei Yiming , Ye Chaolin , Mao Daqing , Xia Dasheng , Luo Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimPorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, increases the risk of systemic diseases. P. gingivalis infection is closely associated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of P. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of ALD.Materials and MethodsAn ALD mouse model was established using a Lieber‐DeCarli liquid diet, and C57BL/6 mice were treated with P. gingivalis to detect the pathological indicators of ALD.ResultsOral administration of P. gingivalis exacerbated alcohol‐induced alterations in the gut microbiota, leading to gut barrier dysfunction and inflammatory response and disruption of the T‐helper 17 cell/T‐regulatory cell ratio in the colon of ALD mice. Furthermore, P. gingivalis worsened liver inflammation in ALD mice by increasing the protein expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p65, increasing the mRNA expression of interleukins‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and up‐regulating the transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) production.ConclusionsThese results indicate that P. gingivalis accelerates the pathogenesis of ALD via the oral–gut–liver axis, necessitating a new treatment strategy for patients with ALD complicated by periodontitis.
Biopsychosocial characteristics of children admitted with failure to thrive
Authors: Tiwari Mudita , Khan Wafa Kulsoom , Poulton Alison , Dikshit Nikhil , Gandham Sowmya , Liu Anthony , Bhurawala Habib 
Published: June 2023

AimsThe aim of this study was to characterise and compare the biopsychosocial characteristics of children admitted with failure to thrive (FTT), subdivided into those with underlying medical complexities (categorised as organic FTT – OFTT) and those with none (categorised as non‐organic FTT – NOFTT), with a focus on the medical, nutritional, feeding skills and psychosocial domains.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was conducted in children admitted with FTT from January 2010 to December 2020. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 353 children were included, with the mean age of presentation 0.82 ± 2.05 years (OFTT 1.16 ± 2.50 years, NOFTT 0.49 ± 1.41 years, P = 0.002). Approximately, half of the children were classified as having OFTT. These children had lower birth weights, were more likely to have a history of intrauterine growth restriction and had longer hospital stays. The NOFTT group had significantly more abnormal feeding strategies identified in their caregivers, whereas the OFTT group had more delayed feeding skills and oral aversion. There was no significant difference in psychosocial domains, with both groups having a comparably high risk of abuse and neglect.ConclusionsThe classification of FTT as non‐organic or organic based purely on psychosocial parameters did not reflect the complex nature of FTT within our local population. These groups had different medical variables, and caregiver feeding strategies. A multidisciplinary team approach is recommended for the assessment and intervention for children with FTT to address these domains and the complex interactions between them.