bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Accuracy of IOL Calculation from the Standpoint of the Medical and Social Model of Health in Patients with Visually Intense Work and Bilateral Cataracts
Authors: Ovechkin N. I. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: to compare the accuracy of IOL calculation from the standpoint of the social model of health (based on the study of “quality of life”, QOL) in patients with visually intense work (VIW) and bilateral cataract.Methods. We observed 108 patients with binocular cataract (216 eyes) aged 40 to 69 years (mean age 55.9 ± 1.4 years), everyday activities were characterized as VIW (at least 4 hours per day). All patients underwent (sequentially on both eyes) ultrasound phacoemulsification using the standard technique. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon (N.I. Ovechkin). To correct aphakia, a monofocal IOL “Flex HB Medicontur” (Switzerland) with a predicted emmetropic “target refraction” (TR) was implanted. All patients were divided into two groups: a group of patients (56 patients, 112 eyes) in which the IOL calculation was performed using the Kane formula (KF); a group of patients (52 patients, 104 eyes) in which the IOL calculation was performed using the Barrett Universal II formula (BU-II). The patients were examined 3 months after the second surgery based on a comparative study of refraction between the RC and the calculated one. The basic research method in relation to the target objectives of the work was a study of QOL using two questionnaires — Catquest-9SF and FEC22.Results. The data obtained indicate an insignificant, statistically insignificant trend towards improvement in traditional refraction indices and QOL according to the Catquest-9SF questionnaire when calculating IOL using the KF compared to BU-II. At the same time, these differences in relation to the assessment of QOL using the FEK-22 questionnaire are characterized by pronounced (by 2.3 %), statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences.Conclusion. The use (based on the original FEK-22 questionnaire) of the “medical and social” health model in the context of assessing the effectiveness of IOL calculation in VIW patients indicates a higher accuracy of the Kane formula compared to the Barrett Universal II formula. The identified differences are due to the fact that calculations using the Kane formula are performed in a comprehensive manner based on basic eye parameters, theoretical optics, regression analysis and, most importantly, artificial intelligence.
Hybrid Photodynamic Therapy as a Component of Combined Treatment of Uveal Melanoma (Preliminary Results)
Authors: Boiko E. V. , Samkovich E. V. , Panova I. E. , Svistunova E. M. , Ivanov A. A. , Bikhovsky A. A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective. To develop a technique of hybrid photodynamic therapy (PDT) and present its preliminary results in combined organ-preserving treatment of uveal melanoma (UM).Materials and methods. 4 patients with UM (T2aN0M0 — 2 patients, T3aN0M0 — 2 patients) were treated by hybrid PDT followed by Ru-106 + Rh-106 brachytherapy (BT). The initial UM prominence ranged from 7 to 8.6 mm (7.92 ± 0.67 mm), and the tumor base diameter ranged from 10.3 to 14 mm (12.10 ± 1.89 mm). PDT was performed using a chlorine photosensitizer at a rate of 1.0 mg/kg weight using a new hybrid technology, which consists of transpupillary and transscleral exposure to the tumor in one treatment session. Ru-106 + Rh-106 BT was performed according to the standard technique for up to 1 month after PDT.Results. The combined approach contributed to rapid rates of tumor regression at the early terms of dynamic follow-up and achievement of complete regression at the period of 12 months in 2 cases with initially “large” UM sizes. Decrease in the signs of intratumoral vascularization of UM was noted from the first month of follow-up and this tendency was maintained throughout the whole period.Conclusions. The presented preliminary results of hybrid PDT in combined treatment of UM expand the possibilities of organ-preserving treatment of largesized tumors due to direct cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects on tumor substrate, as well as potentiation of radiation therapy.
Organization of Specialized Ophthalmo-oncological Care in Moscow
Authors: Arzhimatova G. Sh. , Andreychenko A. M. , Shemyakin M. Yu. , Salikhov E. A. 
Published: January 2025

The purpose: to examine the issue of patient routing for individuals with malignant neoplasms affecting the eye, ocular adnexa, and orbit in Moscow.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the incidence of patients (MGOC) aged 18– 90 years.Results. Existing organizational challenges in the management of individuals with vision-related tumors were identified and described. Specific algorithms and timelines for their implementation in cases of suspected ophthalmological oncology are presented. The actions of healthcare professionals at each stage of diagnosis and evaluation of patients with vision-related neoplasms are highlighted, emphasizing a step-by-step routing approach for this patient group.Conclusion. The development of routing algorithms for patients with ocular edema, appendages, and the orbit allows for the acceleration of the patient examination process at each stage, leading to an accurate diagnosis and the determination of appropriate patient management strategies.
Age-Related Viability of Patients with Ophthalmopathology Depending on Age Dissociation
Authors: Fabrikantov O. L. , Kopylov A. E. , Agarkov N. M. , Popova N. V. , Shmarova D. R. 
Published: January 2025

Diabetic retinopathy and senile cataracts cause not only a significant impairment of visual functions, but also can affect the psychological and emotional status of patients and their age-related viability, which has not been practically studied in patients with the abovementioned ophthalmological diseases.The purpose: to study age–related viability in patients with ophthalmopathology depending on age dissociation. Age viability was studied among 135 patients aged 60–74 years with diabetic retinopathy and cataract with coincidence of calendar and biological age and 142 patients aged 60–74 years with diabetic retinopathy and cataract with accelerated biological age. It was found that diabetic retinopathy and cataract cause a more significant decrease in age viability in patients with an excess of the biological age of the chronological age to 60,1 ± 1,7 points versus 76,4 ± 1,5 points (p < 0,001) in diabetic retinopathy and cataract with the coincidence of biological and calendar age. A similar effect was found for the somatic component of age-related viability, which in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cataract with an excess of the biological age of the chronological value was 4,2 ± 0,5 points relative to 2,2 ± 0,4 points (p < 0,01) in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cataract, who had a coincidence of biological and calendar age. Diabetic retinopathy and cataracts are most affected when the biological age of the calendar value is exceeded among the subdomains of age viability, such as relationship security and positivity of accepted changes, resistance to adverse influences and trust in personal instincts with a significant difference between groups. Diabetic retinopathy and cataracts in patients with exceeding the biological age of the calendar significantly reduce age viability.
El primer carlismo en la provincia de Córdoba (1833 - 1840): una propuesta de interpretación socioeconómica
Authors: Rueda Calle Juan Jesús 
Published: January 2025

Aunque Andalucía fue una región en la que la primera guerra carlista tuvo un impacto muy moderado, la provincia de Córdoba fue uno de los focos calientes del conflicto. Este estudio persigue la síntesis, combinando fuentes secundarias y primarias (a destacar el Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Córdoba) de los principales hechos de relevancia acaecidos en la región, así como las formas de apoyo que recibió el carlismo, como paso previo para el estudio de su distribución geográfica, sus bases socioeconómicas y las posibles motivaciones que sirvieron como acicate para la movilización política de dichas bases. Para ello, se ha hecho un estudio prosopográfico de la extracción socioprofesional de 41 carlistas encontrados en las fuentes así como de las características, contrastadas para su evolución en un período amplio gracias al Censo de Floridablanca y al Diccionario de Pascual Madoz, de aquellas regiones de la provincia con mayor efervescencia carlista que puedan contribuir al estudio de la adscripción al carlismo.
Fold-Related Faults Track Progressive Fold Development from Layer-Parallel Shortening to Subsequent Orthogonal Extension within an Appalachian Buckle Fold System: Bear Valley Mine, Shamokin, PA, USA
Authors: Weil Arlo Brandon , Gray Mary Beth , Cush Kylie G. , Needle Mattathias D. , Crider Juliet G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Outstanding three-dimensional exposures of adjacent folds in an abandoned coal mine within the Appalachian Valley-and-Ridge tectonic province permit a detailed analysis of macroscopic strain accommodation by minor faulting in the lead up to and during buckle folding. A kinematic analysis of more than 900 outcrop-scale faults coupled with clearly established relative age relationships allows delineation of distinctive fault sets and their roles in accommodating strain within a quartz-dominated sandstone and an overlying silty shale. Conjugate contractional faults are interpreted as evidence of layer-parallel shortening (LPS) prior to and during fold initiation, based on geometric relationships to primary bedding. A clearly overprinting population of younger conjugate faults accommodate layer-parallel extension (LPE) that is both parallel and perpendicular to the fold axes; they are interpreted to have developed during fold limb rotation and fold tightening. Curving and overprinting slip lineations on some strike-slip faults track the transition from LPS to LPE during fold growth. Although the fault-related extensional linear strain magnitudes are relatively small, LPE faults are present in all fold dip domains, in two contrasting lithologies, and on adjacent open and tight folds, highlighting the importance of minor faulting and LPE strains in the formation of contractional buckle folds in the shallow crust. Our findings do not strictly conform with those predicted by classical conceptual models of buckle folds, such as orthogonal flexure or flexural slip. The work further suggests that bed-parallel extension, both axis-parallel and perpendicular, is an underappreciated component of three-dimensional, buckle folding–induced strain and that models for minor fault sets that accommodate three-dimensional strain during fold formation are currently incomplete.
Research on Physical Simulation Model Production and Remaining Oil Distribution Based on Fluvial Compound Sand Body Architecture
Authors: Cao Weijia , Qi Yukun , Xie Kun , Yan Kun , Lu Xiangguo , Bai Mengyu , Wang Yongjiang , Wei Wei 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Bohai offshore oil fields have reached the stages of high and ultrahigh water content, resulting in a significant amount of remaining oil within reservoirs after long-term waterflooding. For typical offshore oil fields characterized by wide well spacing and sparse well networks, the river facies composite sand bodies pose a challenge. It remains unclear how the configuration of these composite sand bodies affects the spatial sweep characteristics of injection agents, as well as the formation and distribution of residual oil. This study employs a seismic-guided method, integrating well logging and seismic data, to examine the stacking patterns of fluvial compound sand bodies in a typical offshore oil field. A 3D physical model of composite sand bodies with varying stacking relationships was established to carry out physical simulation experiments involving waterflooding and chemical flooding. This study aims to investigate how the interface and differences in the physical properties of composite sand body configurations affect the distribution of remaining oil. Results reveal that the stacking characteristics of fluvial compound sand bodies in the Bohai oil field are represented by three main configuration patterns—the abandoned river channel type, the side edge contact type, and the main body cutting and stacking type. Unlike the laterally structured compound sand body, the vertically superimposed compound sand body configuration in the target reservoir minimizes flow resistance and enhances the effectiveness of swept volume expansion. This ultimately results in improved recovery rates during both waterflooding processes. Furthermore, in a configuration featuring one horizontal injection well paired with two vertical production wells, the injection point benefits from a larger filtration area and a broader sweeping range. Nonetheless, there are difficult-to-sweep areas resulting in higher residual oil saturation. Utilizing a horizontal well arrangement allows for a larger permeable zone, which in turn minimizes the water-fingering effects. Following the waterflooding process, the water ridge at the injection side appears relatively gentle, while the wings at the production side are considerably steeper. Following waterflooding in the 3D physical models, the application of gel plugging combined with microsphere and surfactant profile control and flooding can effectively use the remaining oil. Polymer gel shows a good plugging effect on the high-permeability layer, significantly increasing injection pressure after plugging. This prompts the subsequent polymer microsphere and high-efficiency oil displacement agent to move into the residual oil enrichment area, improving oil recovery by 22.78–26.26% compared with waterflooding alone.
Intelligent Robots, Cyborgs, Genetically Enhanced Individuals, Chimeras: the Future and the Challenges of Law
Authors: Filipova I. A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective: to identify theoretical and legal problems associated with the steadily increasing spread of digital and biotechnologies’ development products; to assess the risks associated with this process that can change the position of a human in the society of the future; to develop and substantiate proposals to minimize risks and eliminate the identified problems through legal regulation.Methods: the research is based on the methods of generalization of scientific and technical information and theoretical analysis used while studying the source materials; axiological and systematic approaches; the formal legal method and, in addition, methods of legal forecasting, primarily extrapolation, which made it possible to highlight the prospects for reforming law due to technological expansion.Results: include a description of the dynamics of digital and bio-technologies’ development; a description of the changing social landscape with the emerging new types of entities that can affect the actual status of a human; a classification of risks threatening people due to the digital and biotechnologies development; a list of tasks whose solution based on law will help to eliminate, postpone or, at least, significantly reduce the severity of problems by increasing the time limit allotted to humanity to comprehend a number of conceptual points. The author presents arguments substantiating the need to develop special legal regulation in relation to new types of entities, the appearance of which becomes an inevitable result of the mentioned technologies’ development.Scientific novelty: consists, first, in a comprehensive study of the development of interconnected groups of digital and biotechnologies, taking into account their increasing convergence; and, second, in the formulation of legal problems that need to be resolved due to the potential emergence of new types of entities with cognitive functions and capable of having a targeted intellectual impact on the environment and legal entities.Practical significance: it is present in the answers given to the formulated legal questions, which contain suggestions and recommendations on the necessary adjustment of legal regulation and focus the attention of legal scholars on the problems arising from the pace and vectors of scienceconsuming technologies’ development.
Legal Aspects of Granting Subjectivity to Artificial Intelligence: Prospects of Using Robots in Legal Practice in Nigeria
Authors: Ikubanni O. O. , Oyebanji O. A. , Оyebade A. A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective: to determine the potential and acceptability of using artificial intelligence in legal activities according to the Nigerian law.Methods: the research is based on scientific analysis, as well as formallegal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and systemic-functional methods. The scope of the research is represented by the norms of legislation, including expired normative legal acts, as well as scientific monographic and periodical literature.Results: It was found that artificial intelligence and robot lawyers are inevitable innovations in the legal practice of many countries, including Nigeria. The use of these digital technologies has proven to be highly effective in activities related to the administration of justice, providing assistance in four areas of legal services: consulting and guidance, searching for materials, data analysis and forecasting the trial results. Technology greatly facilitates the work of lawyers, given the amount of legal services. In addition, the author show that while the use of artificial intelligence may generally be considered justified, the involvement of robot lawyers in legal practice in Nigeria facesboth legal and ethical barriers. The laws on legal education and legal practice in force in this country do not recognize robot lawyers as persons licensed to practice law in Nigeria. Robot lawyers must be given the status of a person before they can fully implement their potential in the legal practice of Nigeria.Scientific novelty: this is primarily due to the formulation of a research task to determine the possibility of a robot acting as a practicing lawyer within the legal framework in Nigeria.Practical significance: the conclusions formulated in the paper, namely, the inevitability of using artificial intelligence and robot lawyers in legal practice and the current legislation governing legal practice in Nigeria, will be useful when considering amendments to legislation in order to adapt it to the current level of digital technology development.
Countering Cyberattacks: Gaps in International Law and Prospects for Overcoming them
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Das T. K. 
Published: January 2025

Objective: to categorize cyber attacks in the national and international legal sytems and to define legal measures to counter them at the international level.Methods: include doctrinal legal analysis, formal legal, comparative legal methods, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as methods of legal forecasting and modeling. International legal documents and acts of national legislation, judicial precedents, and doctrinal sources were studied.Results: the article defines the legal consequences of cyberattacks, identifies difficulties in determining and holding individuals and organizations accountable for their commission, identifies national measures to counter cyberattacks based on the principle of proportionality, and systematizes the international legal framework for responding to cyberattacks. The main focus is on the urgent problems of identifying and verifying cyber weapons, establishing international standards for their use, developing methods of disarmament or limiting offensive cyber capabilities. The authors raise the issue of ensuring humanitarian activities, protecting critical infrastructure and the population through cybersecurity measures in wartime. The legal framework is analyzed; gaps and other defects are identified in the current regulation of exercising jurisdiction in such areas of cyber activity as international transactions, data localization and extraterritorial enforcement of national legislation. The parameters were developed and described within which states may conduct proactive cyber operations to prevent or deter cyberattacks (cyber countermeasures). The main parameters are due diligence, legal decisions on using cyber countermeasures, proportionality of protection measures to the consequences of illegal actions.Scientific novelty: this is due to the progressive solutions in the field of international legal regulation of cyber countermeasures by states responding to cybercrime. The solutions are formulated taking into account the impact of the countermeasures on human and civil rights and freedoms, including the right to privacy and freedom of speech.Practical significance: the research results can be used to develop and improve international legal instruments in the field of combating cyberattacks and ensuring cybersecurity, and can serve as a model for national legislators when designing law-making solutions to counter cybercrime.
Methods for randomized, blinded, controlled evaluation of putative disease interventions in multi-laboratory, preclinical assessment networks
Authors: Nagarkatti Karisma , Diniz Marcio , Cabeen Ryan , Estrada Monica , Crawford Karen , Rogatko Andre , Kim Sungjin , Ayata Cenk , Chauhan Anil , Hess David , Khan Mohammad , Kumskova Mariia , Leira Enrique , Patel Rakeshkumar , Lyden Patrick , Lamb Jessica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Science faces a reproducibility crisis, and public trust in science suffers when large clinical trials—qualified by promising preclinical studies—fail. While some clinical trial designs may have been inadequate, preclinical assessments of disease interventions have lacked key elements of rigor: treatment concealment, randomization, blinded outcomes, pre-specified and adequate sample sizes, and models including co-morbidities. To demonstrate feasibility and practicality of enhanced rigor in preclinical assessment, a six-laboratory network was designed that implemented rigorous study elements, using acute ischemic stroke for demonstration. This network enrolled 2615 animals in five different models and implemented a multi-stage, multi-arm statistical design that sequentially eliminated candidate interventions during interim analyses. The methods included centralized intervention packaging, randomization, data quality assessment, and data archiving. Blinded analysis of 9,274 video-recorded behavior tasks and 3,652 magnetic resonance images were evaluated. All tools and protocols are presented and could be adapted to preclinical assessment in other disease areas.
WITHDRAWN: Neutralization and immunoperoxidase to estimate the immunogenicity of recombinant human rotavirus VP6 structural protein in vitro after insertion of the antibodies into cells using electroporation
Authors: Kamel Marwa A. , Shokeer Abeer , Hegazy Usama M. , El-Hakim Amr E. , Elsayed Omar EL-Farouk Rabia , Barakat Ahmed , Mohamed Aly F. , Hamza Ibrahim Ahmed , Fuentes Cristina , Pinto Rosa M. , Bosch Albert , El-Senousy Waled Morsy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.