bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Payoffs to Aggressiveness
Authors: Ecker Frank , Francis Jennifer , Olsson Per , Schipper Katherine 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
For a broad sample of firms, we use structural equations modeling to construct latent variables for real-action aggressiveness and reporting policy aggressiveness. We estimate the association between the latent variables and the associations of each latent variable with shareholder payoffs (returns) and CEO payoffs (annual compensation to the CEO position). Results show the two types of aggressiveness are positively correlated but have different associations with the payoffs we consider. Greater policy-choice aggressiveness is associated with higher returns and compensation; the opposite is true for greater real-action aggressiveness. We find a positive association between policy-choice aggressiveness and restatement likelihood. Compared with nonrestatement firms, abnormal returns of restatement firms with aggressive policy choices are larger in the pre-restatement period and lower in the post-restatement period. Negative returns at the restatement announcement do not, on average, eliminate long-run (multi-year) positive returns of the pre-restatement period or of the period whose results are restated.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
PENGEMBANGAN LAMPU PINTAR PERKALIAN DAN PEMBAGIAN (LAMPIRAN) BERBASIS ARDUINO PADA MATERI BILANGAN BULAT
Authors: Widyasari Nurbaiti , Lestari Indah 
Published: August 2023

Permasalahan yang ditemui di lapangan adalah kesulitan peserta didik dalam memahami konsep perkalian dan pembagian, minimnya penggunaan media pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan teknologi untuk materi perkalian dan pembagian, serta belum adanya media yang sejalan yang digunakan sejalan dengan gaya belajar peserta didik. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran lampu pintar perkalian dan pembagian (LAMPIRAN) berbasis Arduino pada materi bilangan positif dan negatif dan respon peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (Four-D) Thyagarajan. Model pengembangan ini terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu Define, Design, Develop dan Disseminate. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 19 peserta didik kelas 6 MI Muhammadiyah Kalibeber Kota WonosoboÂ . Deskripsi kuantitatif dengan persentase digunakan sebagai analisis data dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) Sebesar 98% dengan kriteria sangat valid diperoleh dari validasi ahli bahasa, 2) Dengan nilai 84% kategori valid didapatkan dari validasi ahli materi, 3) Sebesar 72% dengan kriteria valid dinilai oleh validasi ahli media. Hasil respon peserta didik ditunjukkan 100% dengan kriteria tinggi dari uji coba kelompok kecil maupun kelompok besar. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian tersebut maka media pembelajaran LAMPIRAN berbasis Arduino yang dikembangkan valid atau layak digunakan dan dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran dalam topik bilangan bulat.Â
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Hidayat Toni , Darhim Darhim , Herman Tatang 
Published: August 2023

Komunikasi matematis dan kemandirian belajar siswa sangatlah penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Ketika siswa memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan kemandirian belajar yang tinggi, maka tujuan pembelajaran di kelas akan mudah untuk dicapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis hubungan antara komunikasi matematis siswa dan kemandirian belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP Alkarim kelas VIII. Analisis data menggunakan metode mixed method (kualitatif dan kuantitatif). Data diperoleh dari tes tertulis dan wawancara kepada siswa. Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji kendallâ€™s tau diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,013 dan nilai correlation coefficient bernilai positif sebesar 0,554, dapat disimpulkan kemandirian belajar siswa memiliki hubungan yang kuat dan signifikan dengan komunikasi matematis siswa. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh rata-rata skor kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa adalah 55,4 dan rata-rata skor kemandirian belajar siswa adalah 63,9. Dari 2 siswa yang memiliki kemandirian belajar yang tinggi, ditemukan bahwa masing-masing siswa memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematis di kategori yang berbeda yaitu, kategori tinggi dan kategori sedang.Â Â Berbeda halnya, dengan siswa yang memiliki kemandirian belajar dengan kategori sedang, berdampak pada kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang berada dalam kategori sedang juga. Selanjutnya, siswa dengan kemandirian belajar rendah memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang berkategori rendah juga.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS HYBRID-CARING COMMUNITY DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIKA
Authors: Munir Misbahul , Kurniati Dian , Pambudi Didik Sugeng , Yudianto Erfan , Suwito Abi 
Published: August 2023

AbstrakTujuan.Â penelitian.Â ini yaituÂ untukÂ mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematikaÂ berbasis.Â hybrid-caring communityÂ yang valid, praktis. danÂ efektif.Â yangÂ terdiri dariÂ rencanaÂ pelaksanaanÂ pembelajaran (RPP), lembar kerja.Â peserta didik.Â (LKPD) danÂ tes. hasil belajar. (THB)Â dan menguji.dampaknyaÂ terhadapÂ kemampuan koneksi matematika pada materi sistem persamaan linier dua variabel (SPLDV).Â Metode penelitianÂ ini menggunakan.Â Â metodeÂ penelitian.Â pengembangan (R&D)Â dilanjutkan.Â penelitian.Â eksperimen.Â Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasiÂ aktivitas siswa,Â angketÂ respon siswa dan tes hasil belajarÂ untuk mengetahui kemampuan koneksi matematika siswa. Hasilvalidasi RPP, LKPD, dan THB memenuhi kriteria valid. Kepraktisan perangkat dibuktikan dari hasil observasi pelaksanaan perangkat. pembelajaran kategori. â€œsangat. praktisâ€ dengan persentase.Â Â 96%. Kriteria. Keefektifan. perangkat. pembelajaran. dilihat. dari skor lembar observasi. aktivitas peserta. didik, angket respon peserta didik, dan ketuntasan. THB. yang memenuhi kriteria efektif. BerdasarkanÂ t-testÂ pada penelitian eksperimen, dihasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika berbasisÂ hybrid-caring communityÂ materi SPLDV memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan. koneksi. matematika.Â AbstractThe purpose of this research is to develop valid, practical and effective hybrid-caring community-based mathematics learning tools consisting of learning implementation.Â plans, student worksheets and learning achievement tests.Â and test their impact on connection ability. mathematics on the materialÂ system.Â of two-variable.Â linear equations. This research method uses development.Â research followed by experimental.Â research. Data collection techniques in this study used observation of student activities, student response questionnaires and learning achievement tests to determine students' mathematical connection abilities. Learning.Â implementation.Â plans, student.Â worksheets and learning achievement testsÂ validation results meet the valid criteria. The practicality of the device is proven from the results of observing the implementation of the learning device in the "very practical" category with a percentage of 96%. The criteria for the effectiveness of the learning device can be seen from the score of the student activity observation sheet, the student response questionnaire, and the completeness of the learning achievement tests.Â which meets the criteria for being effective. Based on the t-test in experimental research, a hybrid-caring community-based mathematics learning tool produced by system.Â of two-variable.Â linear equations material has a significant influence on mathematical connection abilities
Prácticas y experiencias: cuerpos en juego
Authors: Césaro Aldo Román 
Published: August 2023

El siguiente ensayo propone, por un lado, compartir un marco conceptual sobre dos palabras muy utilizadas en el campo de la educación contemporánea: prácticas y experiencias. Para ejemplificar el desarrollo de las categorías, se usan como referencias para reforzar el análisis, tres imágenes de diferentes prácticas, ancladas en lo que se podría denominar como, prácticas/experiencias de lo absurdo; de lo ambivalente; del ritual. Por otra parte, se presenta una síntesis metodológica de observación de prácticas y experiencias apelando a diferentes formas de clasificación, que pueden resultar adecuadas como estructura o modelo para el registro y análisis de diferentes prácticas y experiencias con acento en los juegos, los deportes y otras manifestaciones performáticas del cuerpo.
A comparison of shear bond strength of immediate and delayed bonding of brackets to FRC bars using various orthodontic adhesives
Authors: Heravi Farzin , Moazzami Saied Mostafa , Kerayechian Navid , Nik Elham 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Fibre reinforced composite bars (FRC) have applications as bonded retainers, space maintainers and anchorage/movement units. However, the bond strength of attachments to FRC anchorage bars is unknown.

Aims: To compare the shear bond strengths of brackets bonded immediately to FRCs with different orthodontic adhesive systems and bonded with the same adhesives after a 48-hour delay, abraded with a diamond bur and etched with phosphoric acid.

Method: One hundred and five recently extracted upper premolars were randomly assigned to seven groups (N = 15 teeth per group). FRCs were bonded to the buccal surfaces of the teeth and stainless steel orthodontic brackets were bonded to the FRCs with the following adhesive systems: Group 0 (Tetric Flow); Groups 1, 2 and 3 (Immediate bonding with chemically cured, no-mix and light cured composites, respectively, the bars covered with Tetric Flow); Groups 4, 5 and 6 (Bonding to FRCs delayed 48 hours, then bonded with chemically cured, no-mix and light cured composites, respectively, the bars covered with Tetric Flow). The FRC bars in Groups 4, 5 and 6 were abraded with a coarse-grit diamond bur before bonding the attachments to the bars. The shear bond strengths (SBS) were measured with a universal testing machine, and the adhesive remaining on the teeth after debonding was scored with the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan’s post-hoc and Fisher’s Exact test.

Results: There were no statistically significant SBS differences between Groups 0 (Mean SBS: 9.56 MPa), 1 (Mean SBS: 9.74 MPa), 2 (Mean SBS: 10.72 MPa) or 3 (Mean SBS: 9.54 MPa). Groups 4, 5 and 6 (Bonding delayed by 48 hours) had SBSs of 11.79 MPa, 11.63 MPa and 13.11 MPa, respectively, and were significantly higher than the SBSs in Groups 1, 2 and 3 (Immediate bonding). There were no significant differences in ARI scores among the groups.

Conclusions: The mean SBSs in all groups fell within the clinically acceptable range (> 7 MPa). The combination of a 48-hour delay between placement of an FRC bar and bonding an attachment, abrading the FRC with a diamond bur and etching with phosphoric acid resulted in higher bond strengths.
The effects of various surface treatments on the shear bond strengths of stainless steel brackets to artificially-aged composite restorations
Authors: Eslamian Ladan , Borzabadi-Farahani Ali , Mousavi Nasin , Ghasemi Amir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: To compare the shear bond strengths (SBS) of stainless steel brackets bonded to artificially-aged composite restorations after different surface treatments.

Methods: Forty-five premolar teeth were restored with a nano-hybrid composite (Tetric EvoCeram), stored in deionised water for one week and randomly divided into three equal groups: Group I, the restorations were exposed to 5 per cent hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds; Group II, the restorations were abraded with a micro-etcher (50 μm alumina particles); Group III, the restorations were roughened with a coarse diamond bur. Similar premolar brackets were bonded to each restoration using the same resin adhesive and the specimens were then cycled in deionised water between 5 °C and 55 °C (500 cycles). The shear bond strengths were determined with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The teeth and brackets were examined under a stereomicroscope and the adhesive remnants on the teeth scored with the adhesive remnant index (ARI).

Results: Specimens treated with the diamond bur had a significantly higher SBS (Mean: 18.45 ± 3.82 MPa) than the group treated with hydrofluoric acid (Mean: 12.85 ± 5.20 MPa). The mean SBS difference between the air-abrasion (Mean: 15.36 ± 4.92 MPa) and hydrofluoric acid groups was not significant. High ARI scores occurred following abrasion with a diamond bur (100 per cent) and micro-etcher (80 per cent). In approximately two thirds of the teeth no adhesive was left on the restoration after surface treatment with hydofluoric acid.

Conclusion: Surface treatment with a diamond bur resulted in a high bond strength between stainless steel brackets and artificially-aged composite restorations and was considered to be a safe and effective method of surface treatment. Most of the adhesive remained on the tooth following surface treatment with either the micro-etcher or the diamond bur.
Skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes in Class III patients treated with fixed appliances and lower premolar extractions
Authors: Abu Alhaija Elham S.J. , Al-Khateeb Susan N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Mild Class III malocclusions can be treated by upper incisor proclination and lower incisor retroclination following extraction of the lower first premolars.

Aims: To compare the skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes in Class III patients treated with fixed appliances, Class III traction and lower first premolar extractions with the changes in a group of untreated Class III patients.

Methods: The Treatment group consisted of 30 Class III patients (Mean age 13.69 ± 1.48 years) who were treated by upper and lower fixed appliances, Class III intermaxillary traction and lower first premolar extractions for 2.88 ± 1.12 years. The Control group consisted of 20 untreated Class III patients (Mean age 13.51 ± 0.95) matched for age and gender. The T1 to T2 changes in the treated and untreated groups were compared using a paired t-test while differences between the two groups were compared with an independent t-test.

Results: During treatment, the upper incisors were proclined about 1 degree and the lower incisors were retroclined 8 degrees. Small, but statistically significant changes in SNB, Wits and the overlying soft tissues accompanied the changes in incisor inclination. At the end of treatment a positive overbite and overjet were achieved. The increase in lower facial height in the Treatment group was comparable with the change in the Control group.

Conclusions: A range of mild to moderate Class III malocclusions can be treated by dentoalveolar compensation.
The effect of fluoride on orthodontic tooth movement in humans. A two- and three-dimensional evaluation
Authors: Karadeniz Ersan Ilsay , Gonzales Carmen , Elekdag-Turk Selma , Isci Devrim , Sahin-Saglam Aynur M. , Alkis Huseyin , Turk Tamer , Ali Darendeliler M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine whether high and low fluoride concentrations in drinking water affected the early stages of tooth movement when heavy and light orthodontic forces were applied for 4 weeks. A further aim was to compare and evaluate the resulting two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: The sample consisted of 96 maxillary upper first premolars from 48 patients who required premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment. Patients were selected from two different cities in Turkey with low and high fluoride concentrations of 0.05 and 2 ppm, respectively. The patient sample was divided into four groups according to the magnitude of force applied to the first premolars and the concentration of fluoride in the public water supply; Group 1, High fluoride intake (≥ 2 ppm)-Heavy force (225 g); Group 2, Low fluoride intake (≤ 0.05 ppm)-Heavy force; Group 3, High fluoride intake-Light force (25 g); and Group 4, Low fluoride intake-Light force. A light or heavy buccal tipping orthodontic force was applied to the upper first premolars for 4 weeks. The first three palatal rugae were used for the superimposition of patient casts in a 2-D and 3-D evaluation of generated movements.

Results: It was found that heavy force application and fluoride intake increased the average rate of tooth movement. It was further shown that age was negatively correlated with tooth movement in the 2-D and 3-D measurements.

Conclusions: The average rate of tooth movement was found to be greater in the heavy force and high fluoride intake group (Group 1HH). Age was negatively correlated with orthodontic tooth movement. Two- and three-dimensional methods were accurate for the assessment of tooth movement after four weeks of buccal tipping force application when the palatal rugae were used for superimposition.
New clinical classification of dental arch form using facial axis points derived from three-dimensional models
Authors: Bayome Mohamed , Han Seong Ho , Choi Jong-Hyuk , Kim Seong-Hun , Baek Seung-Hak , Kim Dong-Jae , Kook Yoon-Ah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to use facial axis (FA) points to classify dental arch form generated from an analysis of 3-D virtual models of a sample of normal occlusions. A secondary aim was to introduce a new arch form template based on this classification for clinical application.

Methods: One hundred and twenty five plaster models of Class I occlusions were 3-D scanned (Orapix Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea) and FA points digitized on the virtual models using Rapidform 2006 software (INUS Technology Inc., Seoul, Korea). Following intercanine and intermolar arch width and depth measurements, K-means cluster analysis was applied on 77 cases (Dataset 1) to classify the sample into arch form types. A curve of best fit of the mean arch form of each type was generated. The remaining 48 cases (Dataset 2) were mapped into the clusters and a multivariate test was performed to assess the differences among the clusters.

Results: Classification into five clusters demonstrated maximum inter-cluster distance in the arch parameters and produced the most homogeneous cluster size. The differences between the 5 cluster types were statistically but not clinically significant and so they were recombined to form three clusters representing ‘narrow’, ‘moderate’ and ‘wide’ arch forms.

Conclusions: A template with three arch form types based on anterior and posterior dimensions has been proposed through 3-D analysis of FA points for more accurate arch form identification and arch wire selection.
Orthodontic treatment provision and referral preferences among New Zealand general dental practitioners
Authors: Aldawood S. , Ampuan S.N.H. , Medara N. , Thomson W.M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: General dental practitioners (GDPs) are key clinicians in the orthodontic referral chain as they complement (and may compete with) orthodontists in providing treatment for the public.

Objectives: To determine the nature and extent of GDPs’ involvement in orthodontic treatment provision and to identify influences on GDPs’ choice of orthodontist.

Methods: An email survey was conducted of actively-practising GDPs in May-June 2010. Two timelines of contact were followed, with non-responders to the first survey re-contacted three weeks later.

Results: Just under one-fifth (19.3 per cent) reported providing forms of orthodontic treatment. This proportion was higher among males, more experienced practitioners, and dentists in rural locations. The percentage involvement ranged from 22.3 per cent in Greater Auckland to 10.5 per cent in Greater Wellington and 11.9 per cent in Christchurch. In the remainder of New Zealand, percentages ranged from 11.5 per cent in urban areas to 37.1 per cent in rural areas. Of those providing treatment, almost half had 1-10 patients under management, and just over one-third had greater numbers. Sixty-one per cent of orthodontically-involved GDPs in Auckland had more than 10 orthodontic patients. The most commonly treated condition was a simple crossbite, while the least commonly treated condition was the severe Class III malocclusion.

Conclusions: The provision of orthodontic treatment by New Zealand GDPs has decreased in recent years to an average of about one in five, but this figure is considerably higher in rural areas and is a notable feature of the greater Auckland area. The findings suggest that the majority of the more complex cases are continuing to be referred to specialist orthodontists.
A comparison of two orthodontic aesthetic indices
Authors: Borzabadi-Farahani Ali , Eslamipour Faezeh , Asgari Imaneh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of agreement between the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).

Methods: DAI and AC scores were recorded in 728 subjects (340 females and 388 males, aged 11-20 years). The percentage of subjects needing treatment and the different treatment categories for the DAI and AC were gender compared. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rho) was used to explore the relationship between the DAI and AC scores. Observer determined and Kappa statistics were used to analyse the diagnostic level of agreement between the DAI and AC, sorted into ‘yes’ or ‘no’ categories of orthodontic treatment need.

Results: According to the DAI and AC, 21.8 and 10.9% of subjects were in need of treatment, respectively. Significant positive correlations existed between the DAI and AC scores (rho = 0.795). The DAI had a lower treatment need threshold compared with the AC. The Kappa statistics and percentage agreement between the DAI and AC was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.46-0.63) and 87.6%, respectively.

Conclusion: The DAI and AC showed strong association. However, only a moderate level of diagnostic agreement was identified (12.4% difference in observed percentage agreement) which highlights the need for a unified and universal orthodontic index for consideration when interpreting, comparing, or quantifying treatment needs.