bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligofructose alone and in combination with 2′fucosyllactose induces physiologically relevant changes in γ-aminobutyric acid and organic acid production compared to sole 2′fucosyllactose supplementation: an in vitro study
Authors: Jackson Peter Philip James , Wijeyesekera Anisha , Rastall Robert Adrian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explored the potential for the prebiotic oligofructose and prebiotic candidate 2′fucosyllactose, alone and in combination (50:50 blend) to induce physiologically relevant increases in neurotransmitter (γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine) and organic acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and succinate) production as well as microbiome changes using anaerobic pH-controlled in vitro batch culture fermentations over 48 h. Changes in organic acid and neurotransmitter production were assessed by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography and, bacterial enumeration using fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Both oligofructose and oligofructose/2′fucosyllactose combination fermentations induced physiologically relevant concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate at completion (all P ≤ .05). A high degree of heterogeneity was seen amongst donors in both neurotransmitter and organic acid production in sole 2′FL fermentations suggesting a large responder/nonresponder status exists. Large increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides numbers were detected in oligofructose fermentation, smallest increases being detected in 2′fucosyllactose fermentation. Bacterial numbers in the combined oligofructose/2′fucosyllactose fermentation were closer to that of sole oligofructose. Our results indicate that oligofructose and oligofructose/2′fucosyllactose in combination have the potential to induce physiologically relevant increases in γ-aminobutyric and organic acid production along with offsetting the heterogenicity seen in response to sole 2′fucosyllactose supplementation.
Proteomic analysis of Acanthamoeba castellanii response to Legionella pneumophila infection
Authors: Hay Alban , Rolland Steven , Bernard Clément , Héchard Yann , Villéger Romain , Samba-Louaka Ascel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for Legionnaires’ disease or Legionellosis. This bacterium is found in the environment interacting with free-living amoebae such as Acanthamoeba castellanii. Until now, proteomic analyses have been done in amoebae infected with L. pneumophila but focused on the Legionella-containing vacuole. In this study, we propose a global proteomic analysis of the A. castellanii proteome following infection with L. pneumophila wild-type (WT) or with an isogenic ΔdotA mutant strain, which is unable to replicate intracellularly. We found that infection with L. pneumophila WT leads to reduced levels of A. castellanii proteins associated with lipid homeostasis/metabolism, GTPase regulation, and kinase. The levels of organelle-associated proteins were also decreased during infection. Legionellapneumophila WT infection leads to increased levels of proteins associated with polyubiquitination, folding or degradation, and antioxidant activities. This study reinforces our knowledge of this too little explored but so fundamental interaction between L. pneumophila and A. castellanii, to understand how the bacterium could resist amoeba digestion.
What’s in a name? Characteristics of clinical biofilms
Authors: Lichtenberg Mads , Coenye Tom , Parsek Matthew R , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Jakobsen Tim Holm 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In vitro biofilms are communities of microbes with unique features compared to individual cells. Biofilms are commonly characterized by physical traits like size, adhesion, and a matrix made of extracellular substances. They display distinct phenotypic features, such as metabolic activity and antibiotic tolerance. However, the relative importance of these traits depends on the environment and bacterial species. Various mechanisms enable biofilm-associated bacteria to withstand antibiotics, including physical barriers, physiological adaptations, and changes in gene expression. Gene expression profiles in biofilms differ from individual cells but, there is little consensus among studies and so far, a ‘biofilm signature transcriptome’ has not been recognized. Additionally, the spatial and temporal variability within biofilms varies greatly depending on the system or environment. Despite all these variable conditions, which produce very diverse structures, they are all noted as biofilms. We discuss that clinical biofilms may differ from those grown in laboratories and found in the environment and discuss whether the characteristics that are commonly used to define and characterize biofilms have been shown in infectious biofilms. We emphasize that there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the specific traits that are used to define bacteria in infections as clinical biofilms.
Data Access Technologies and the ‘New Governance’ Techniques of Financial Regulation
Authors: McNulty David , Miglionico Andrea , Milne Alistair 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Modern data and information technologies are having a profound impact on financial services and opening new frontiers in regulation. This article explores the opportunities for using modern tools of data access and sharing to embed regulatory objectives within the management and decision-making processes of financial firms. This can enhance oversight of prudential and conduct risks as well as substantially lowering compliance costs. It can also help address the information imbalances that limit the effectiveness of older approaches in which the firm is a ‘black box’ that can only be externally supervised. The central challenge is establishing an appropriate governance of data in regulated firms to ensure the achievement of both regulatory and business objectives. Such an approach can be viewed as a further and more radical development of established ‘new governance’ techniques of financial regulation.
A case of proximal migration of a double-J ureteral stent in a patient with metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Mutou Tatsuya , Kira Satoru , Furuya Ryota , Mochiduki Takanori , Sawada Norifumi , Mitsui Takahiko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ureteral stenting is a common procedure to relieve ureteral obstructions. There are few reports regarding the proper migration of the proximal coil of a double-J ureteral stent into the ureter. Herein, we report a case of proximal stent migration after stent placement for ureteral stenosis caused by a malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract.
The Influence of Physical and Mental Health Mediators on the Relationship Between Combat-Related Traumatic Injury and Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in a U.K. Military Cohort: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Maqsood Rabeea , Schofield Susie , Bennett Alexander N , Khattab Ahmed , Clark Carol , Bull Anthony M J , Fear Nicola T , Boos Christopher J 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) adversely affects heart rate variability (HRV). The mediating effect of mental and physical health factors on the relationship between CRTI, its severity and HRV has not been previously studied and investigated.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional mediation analysis of the ArmeD SerVices TrAuma and RehabilitatioN OutComE (ADVANCE) prospective cohort study was performed. The sample consisted of injured and uninjured British male servicemen who were frequency-matched based on their age, rank, role-in-theater, and deployment to Afghanistan (2003-2014). CRTI and injury severity (the New Injury Severity Scores [NISS] [NISS &lt; 25 and NISS ≥ 25]) were included as exposure variables. HRV was quantified using the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) obtained using pulse waveform analysis. Depression and anxiety mediators were quantified using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder, respectively. Body mass index and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) represented physical health measures. Two mediation pathways between exposure and outcome variables were examined in comparison with the uninjured group using structural equation modeling.

Results
Of 862 servicemen, 428 were injured and 434 were uninjured with the mean age at assessment of 33.9 ± 5.4 (range 23-59) years. Structural equation modeling revealed that depression, anxiety, and body mass index did not significantly mediate the relationship between injury/injury severity and RMSSD. However, the 6MWT significantly mediated the relationship between CRTI and RMSSD (27% mediation). The indirect effect of 6MWT on the relationship between injury severity (NISS ≥ 25 vs. uninjured) and RMSSD was −0.06 (95% CI: −0.12, −0.00, P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that greater physical function may improve HRV following CRTI. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further validate these findings.
Post-processing CHARIS integral field spectrograph data with pyklip
Authors: Chen Minghan , Wang Jason J , Brandt Timothy D , Currie Thayne , Lozi Julien , Chilcote Jeffrey , Vincent Maria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present the pyKLIP-CHARIS post-processing pipeline, a Python library that reduces high contrast imaging data for the CHARIS integral field spectrograph used with the SCExAO project on the Subaru Telescope. The pipeline is a part of the pyklip package, a Python library dedicated to the reduction of direct imaging data of exoplanets, brown dwarfs, and discs. For PSF subtraction, the pyKLIP-CHARIS post-processing pipeline relies on the core algorithms implemented in pyklip but uses image registration and calibrations that are unique to CHARIS. We describe the pipeline procedures, calibration results, and capabilities in processing imaging data acquired via the angular differential imaging and spectral differential imaging observing techniques. We showcase its performance on extracting spectra of injected synthetic point sources as well as compare the extracted spectra from real data sets on HD 33632 and HR 8799 to results in the literature. The pipeline is a python-based complement to the SCExAO project supported, widely used (and currently IDL-based) CHARIS data post-processing pipeline (CHARIS DPP) and provides an additional approach to reducing CHARIS data and extracting calibrated planet spectra.
Causes of Hypoxemia in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Combined Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique and Dual-energy Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Busana Mattia , Rau Anna , Lazzari Stefano , Gattarello Simone , Cressoni Massimo , Biggemann Lorenz , Harnisch Lars-Olav , Giosa Lorenzo , Vogt Andreas , Saager Leif , Lotz Joachim , Meller Birgit , Meissner Konrad , Gattinoni Luciano , Moerer Onnen 
Published: September 2023

Background
Despite the fervent scientific effort, a state-of-the art assessment of the different causes of hypoxemia (shunt, ventilation–perfusion mismatch, and diffusion limitation) in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is currently lacking. In this study, the authors hypothesized a multifactorial genesis of hypoxemia and aimed to measure the relative contribution of each of the different mechanism and their relationship with the distribution of tissue and blood within the lung.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, the authors prospectively enrolled 10 patients with COVID-19 ARDS who had been intubated for less than 7 days. The multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and a dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) were performed and quantitatively analyzed for both tissue and blood volume. Variables related to the respiratory mechanics and invasive hemodynamics (PiCCO [Getinge, Sweden]) were also recorded.

Results
The sample (51 ± 15 yr; Pao
2/Fio
2, 172 ± 86 mmHg) had a mortality of 50%. The MIGET showed a shunt of 25 ± 16% and a dead space of 53 ± 11%. Ventilation and perfusion were mismatched (LogSD, Q, 0.86 ± 0.33). Unexpectedly, evidence of diffusion limitation or postpulmonary shunting was also found. In the well aerated regions, the blood volume was in excess compared to the tissue, while the opposite happened in the atelectasis. Shunt was proportional to the blood volume of the atelectasis (R2 = 0.70, P = 0.003).

mismatch was correlated with the blood volume of the poorly aerated tissue (R2 = 0.54, P = 0.016). The overperfusion coefficient was related to Pao
2/Fio
2 (R2 = 0.66, P = 0.002), excess tissue mass (R2 = 0.84, P < 0.001), and Etco
2/Paco
2 (R2 = 0.63, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
These data support the hypothesis of a highly multifactorial genesis of hypoxemia. Moreover, recent evidence from post-mortem studies (i.e., opening of intrapulmonary bronchopulmonary anastomosis) may explain the findings regarding the postpulmonary shunting. The hyperperfusion might be related to the disease severity.

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Neurocognitive Effect of Biased µ-Opioid Receptor Agonist Oliceridine, a Utility Function Analysis and Comparison with Morphine
Authors: Moss Laurence , Hijma Hemme , Demitrack Mark , Kim Jessica , Groeneveld Geert Jan , van Velzen Monique , Niesters Marieke , Olofsen Erik , Dahan Albert 
Published: September 2023

Background
Oliceridine (Olinvyk) is a μ-opioid receptor agonist that in contrast to conventional opioids preferentially engages the G-protein–coupled signaling pathway. This study was designed to determine the utility function of oliceridine versus morphine based on neurocognitive tests and cold pressor test.

Methods
The study had a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, partial block three-way crossover design. Experiments were performed in 20 male and female volunteers. The subjects received intravenous oliceridine (1 or 3 mg; cohorts of 10 subjects/dose), morphine (5 or 10 mg; cohorts of 10 subjects/dose), or placebo on three separate occasions. Before and after dosing, neurocognitive tests, cold pressor test, and plasma drug concentrations were obtained at regular intervals. Population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analyses served as the basis for construction of a utility function, which is an objective function of probability of benefit minus probability of harm. Antinociception served as the measure of benefit, and slowing of saccadic peak velocity and increased body sway as the measures of neurocognitive harm.

Results
The oliceridine and morphine C50 values, i.e., the effect-site concentrations causing 50% effect, were as follows: antinociception, 13 ± 2 and 23 ± 7 ng/ml; saccadic peak velocity, 90 ± 14 and 54 ± 15 ng/ml; and body sway, 10 ± 2 and 5.6 ± 0.8 ng/ml, respectively. The ratio oliceridine/morphine of the therapeutic indices, C50(benefit)/C50(harm), were 0.34 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.7; P < 0.01) for saccadic peak velocity and 0.33 (0.16 to 0.50; P < 0.01) for body sway. The oliceridine utility was positive across the effect-site concentration 5 to 77 ng/ml, indicative of a greater probability of benefit than harm. The morphine utility was not significantly different from 0 from 0 to 100 ng/ml. Over the concentration range 15 to 50 ng/ml, the oliceridine utility was superior to that of morphine (P < 0.01). Similar observations were made for body sway.

Conclusions
These data indicate that over the clinical concentration range, oliceridine is an analgesic with a favorable safety profile over morphine when considering analgesia and neurocognitive function.

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From Centimeters to Millimeters: The Evolution of the Surgical Margins for Melanoma—A Historical Review
Authors: Rosenthal Amanda , Juhasz Margit , Lask Gary , Gharavi Nima 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND
With an improved understanding of tumor biology and behavior, the recommended margins for the surgical treatment of melanoma have evolved.

OBJECTIVE
We describe the progression of these surgical margins, detailing the historical basis for the 5-cm margin and transitioning to current practice, in which Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) with immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become increasingly used.

METHODS/MATERIALS
We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published between January 2019 and April 2023 describing the use of MMS for melanoma in situ (MIS) and invasive melanomas.

RESULTS
We identified 12 articles focusing on the use of MMS for MIS and invasive melanomas: 3 meta-analyses and 9 retrospective studies. Two retrospective analyses documented no differences in overall survival between MMS and wide local excision (WLE) and 2 found improved overall survival for MMS compared with WLE. Three retrospective analyses and 3 meta-analyses demonstrated low recurrence rates after the use of MMS for both MIS and invasive melanomas. Finally, 2 retrospective studies documented the success of MMS with IHC using MART-1.

CONCLUSION
Over the past century, the surgical margins for the treatment of melanoma have undergone a marked transformation. MMS with IHC has become increasingly popular given its ability to reliably produce superior clinical outcomes.
Risk of Exudation in Eyes with Non-exudative Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Son Ki Young , Kim Sang Jin , Kang Se Woong , Choi Jiyoun , Choi Jaehwan , Hwang Sungsoon 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To investigate the characteristics and natural history of treatment-naïve non-exudative polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and to determine biomarkers predicting exudative conversion.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed with non-exudative PCV based on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were included. Incidence of exudative conversion in non-exudative PCV patients and cumulative estimates for overall risk were assessed. ICGA and OCT imaging-based features were analyzed to identify risk factors for exudative conversion.

Results:
The study included 42 eyes of 40 patients with non-exudative PCV. The mean follow-up duration was 54.3 ± 35.5 months. Of the 42 eyes with non-exudative PCV, exudative conversion developed in 23 eyes (54.8%) after 42.2 ± 28.3 months (range, 8–103 months). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the exudation-free survival at 5 years after baseline was estimated to be 53.6%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that sequentially increased protrusion of retinal pigment epithelium in the polyp area was a significant risk factor for exudation in non-exudative PCV (odds ratio = 10.16, 95% CI:1.78 to 57.81, P = .01).

Conclusions:
Exudative conversion has been noted in nearly half of the non-exudative PCV cases in 5 years. The progressive protrusion of polypoidal lesions on OCT examination might be a significant biomarker for predicting the near-term onset of exudation.
Punctate Inner Pachychoroidopathy. Demographic and Clinical Features of Inner Choroidal Inflammation in Eyes with Pachychoroid Disease
Authors: Ramtohul Prithvi , Freund K. Bailey , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Introini Ugo , Bandello Francesco , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To perform an unsupervised machine learning clustering of patients with punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) and provide new insights into the significance of pachychoroid disease features in PIC eyes.

Methods:
Retrospective multicenter study, including 102 eyes from 82 patients diagnosed with PIC. Demographics, clinical data, and multimodal imaging (MMI), including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), were collected. Clusters of eyes were identified, and multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to compare between-group differences.

Results:
Using 17 clinical features, two distinct PIC patient clusters were identified. Cluster 1 was characterized by older age, high myopia, myopic maculopathy features, thin choroids, multiple lesions, and a higher likelihood of developing patchy chorioretinal atrophy. Cluster 2 consisted of younger age, emmetropia or low myopia, thick choroids, choroidal vascular hyperpermeability on late-phase ICGA, and a high prevalence of focal choroidal excavation. These features exhibited significant differences (p<0.05) between the two clusters.

Conclusions:
While PIC typically affects young myopic females with thin choroids, a subset of PIC patients exhibits features associated with pachychoroid disease. Considering the potential influence of choroidal venous insufficiency on PIC manifestations and secondary complications, we propose the term "punctate inner pachychoroidopathy" to characterize this distinct subtype of PIC.
Eye Trauma in Mixed Martial Arts and Boxing
Authors: Chang Chih-Chiun , Saifee Murtaza , Ton Lauren , Ashraf Davin , Winn Bryan J. , Kersten Robert , Vagefi M. Reza , Deiner Michael , Grob Seanna R. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate and compare eye and face trauma in mixed martial arts (MMA) and boxing.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
Data from boxing and MMA competitions were extracted from the Nevada Athletic Commission (NAC) between 2000 and 2020. Details of competitions, contestants, outcomes, and injuries were extracted.

Results:
In total 1539 boxing injuries (from 4313 contests) and 1442 MMA injuries (from 2704 contests) were identified. Boxing had higher eye injury rates compared to MMA (p < 0.0001), with an odds ratio of 1.268 (95% CI, 1.114–1.444). Eye trauma represented 47.63% of boxing injuries and 25.59% of MMA injuries, with periocular lacerations being the most common eye injury in both. Orbital fractures represented 17.62% of eye injuries in MMA and 3.14% in boxing contests. However, 2%–3% were retinal in both sports, and 3.27% were glaucomatous in boxing. MMA contestants had an odds ratio of 1.823 (95% CI, 1.408–2.359) for requiring physician evaluation following an eye injury compared with boxing. MMA contestants also had a higher rate of face (p < 0.0001) and body (p < 0.0001) injuries. For both sports, an increased number of rounds and being the losing fighter were associated with increased odds of eye and face injury.

Conclusion:
Although boxing has a higher rate of eye injuries, MMA eye injuries are more likely to require physician evaluation. MMA contestants also have a higher rate of orbital fractures and face and body trauma. A detailed postfight examination and long-term follow-up of ocular injury in combat sports will be vital in proposing reforms to prevent eye trauma.