bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaphor, Myth, and Symbol in the Grain of Time
Authors: Sinha Chris 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by analyzing metaphoric and spatialized conceptualizations of time in theories of human social evolution, from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century onwards. The situatedness in European imperial conquest of the concept of social progress, as well as the denial of coevalness to non-Western peoples, is emphasized. The projection of this conceptual “phylocultural complex” onto early human evolution is described, as well as the reaction against it from the early twentieth century onwards. The roots of deterministic narratives of “agriculture as destiny” in nineteenth century anthropology are explored, and the contemporary counter-narrative of the “return of coevalness” is described in relation to co-evolutionary theories of hominin evolution, the social systems of historic human societies, and the impact of colonization on indigenous non-Western societies. The chapter concludes by summarizing the evidence for a “globalization of time” in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, set in train by the European conquest of the Americas, and ushering in the Anthropocene epoch.
Digital Culture
Authors: Acerbi Alberto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The diffusion of digital technologies triggered a radical departure from previous modalities of cultural transmission but, at the same time, general characteristics of human cultural evolution and cognition influence these developments. This chapter explores some areas where the contacts between cultural evolution research and digital media seem promising. As cultural evolution-inspired research on Internet phenomena is still limited, these areas represent suggestions and links with works in other disciplines more than reviews of past research in cultural evolution. These include topics such as how to conceptualize social influence online and how information spreads in social media; how digital media could enhance cumulative culture; and the differences between online and offline cultural transmission. The chapter will then briefly consider possible future directions: the influence of different affordances in different media supporting cultural transmission; the role of producers of cultural traits; and, finally, the effects on cultural dynamics of algorithms selecting information.
Teaching with Technology
Authors: Wiley Korah , Gerard Libby , Bradford Allison , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter synthesizes the role of technology in empowering teachers to enact responsive science curriculum that respects the ideas and expertise of each student. Open educational resources such as authoring and customizing environments capture and display student progress in ways that support teachers in customizing instruction in response to students’ learning needs. Furthermore, advances in natural language processing technology allow teachers to rapidly assess students’ understanding of complex science ideas. When combined with learning analytics dashboards, these technologies can support teachers in affirming students’ efforts to make sense of science. This chapter highlights the value of collaborative partnerships between educational researchers, system developers, and teachers for learning how to leverage technology to build students’ agency and identity as science learners.
Armadillo repeat only protein GS10 negatively regulates brassinosteroid signaling to control rice grain size
Authors: Chen Erwang , Hou Qingqing , Liu Kun , Gu Zhoulin , Dai Bingxin , Wang Ahong , Feng Qi , Zhao Yan , Zhou Congcong , Zhu Jingjie , Shangguan Yingying , Wang Yongchun , Lv Danfeng , Fan Danlin , Huang Tao , Wang Zixuan , Huang Xuehui , Han Bin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Grain yield and grain quality are major determinants in modern breeding controlled by many quantitative traits loci (QTLs) in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the mechanisms underlying grain shape and quality are poorly understood. Here, we characterize a QTL for grain size and grain quality via map-based cloning from wild rice (W1943), GS10 (Grain Size on Chromosome 10), which encodes a protein with 6 tandem armadillo repeats. The null mutant gs10 shows slender and narrow grains with altered cell size, which has a pleiotropic effect on other agronomical traits. Functional analysis reveals that GS10 interacts with TUD1 (Taihu Dwarf1) and is epistatic to OsGSK2 (glycogen synthase kinase 2) through regulating grain shape and lamina joint inclination, indicating it is negatively involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Pyramiding gs10 and the grain size gene GW5 into cultivar GLA4 substantially improved grain shape and appearance quality. Natural variation analysis revealed that gs10 from the wild rice Oryza rufipogon W1943 is a rare allele across the rice population. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of the underlying mechanism of grain shape and provide the beneficial allele of gs10 for future rice breeding and genetic improvement.
Abscisic acid and regulation of the sugar transporter gene MdSWEET9b promote apple sugar accumulation
Authors: Zhang Shuhui , Wang Hui , Wang Tong , Zhang Jing , Liu Wenjun , Fang Hongcheng , Zhang Zongying , Peng Futian , Chen Xuesen , Wang Nan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Enhancing fruit sugar contents, especially for high-flavonoid apples with a sour taste, is one of the main goals of horticultural crop breeders. This study analyzed sugar accumulation and the underlying mechanisms in the F2 progenies of a hybridization between the high-sugar apple (Malus × domestica) variety “Gala” and high-flavonoid apple germplasm “CSR6R6”. We revealed that MdSWEET9b (sugars will eventually be exported transporter) helps mediate sugar accumulation in fruits. Functional characterization of MdSWEET9b in yeast mutants lacking sugar transport as well as in overexpressing and CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown apple calli revealed MdSWEET9b could transport sucrose specifically, ultimately promoting normal yeast growth and accumulation of total sugar contents. Moreover, MdWRKY9 bound to the MdSWEET9b promoter and regulated its activity, which responded to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Furthermore, MdWRKY9 interacted with MdbZIP23 (basic leucine zipper) and MdbZIP46, key ABA signal transducers, at the protein and DNA levels to enhance its regulatory effect on MdSWEET9b expression, thereby influencing sugar accumulation. Based on the contents of ABA in lines with differing sugar contents and the effects of ABA treatments on fruits and calli, we revealed ABA as one of the main factors responsible for the diversity in apple fruit sugar content. The results of this study have clarified how MdSWEET9b influences fruit sugar accumulation, while also further elucidating the regulatory effects of the ABA-signaling network on fruit sugar accumulation. This work provides a basis for future explorations of the crosstalk between hormone and sugar metabolism pathways.
MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 negatively regulates rice immunity by modulating PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 activity
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ma Xiaoding , Liu Lina , Mao Chanjuan , Hu Yongkang , Yan Bingxiao , Guo Jia , Liu Xinyu , Shi Jinxia , Lee Gang-Seob , Pan Xiaowu , Deng Yiwen , Zhang Zhengguang , Kang Zhensheng , Qiao Yongli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are valuable genetic resources for unraveling plant defense responses including programmed cell death. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) LMM, spotted leaf 38 (spl38), and demonstrated that spl38 is essential for the formation of hypersensitive response-like lesions and innate immunity. Map-based cloning revealed that SPL38 encodes MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 (OsMED16). The spl38 mutant showed enhanced resistance to rice pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and exhibited delayed flowering, while OsMED16-overexpressing plants showed increased rice susceptibility to M. oryzae. The OsMED16-edited rice lines were phenotypically similar to the spl38 mutant but were extremely weak, exhibited growth retardation, and eventually died. The C-terminus of OsMED16 showed interaction with the positive immune regulator PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 (OsPR3), resulting in the competitive repression of its chitinase and chitin-binding activities. Furthermore, the ospr3 osmed16 double mutants did not exhibit the lesion mimic phenotype of the spl38 mutant. Strikingly, OsMED16 exhibited an opposite function in plant defense relative to that of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtMED16, most likely because of 2 amino acid substitutions between the monocot and dicot MED16s tested. Collectively, our findings suggest that OsMED16 negatively regulates cell death and immunity in rice, probably via the OsPR3-mediated chitin signaling pathway.
“Doing what others do” does not stabilize continuous norms
Authors: Yan Minhua , Mathew Sarah , Boyd Robert 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Differences in social norms are a key source of behavioral variation among human populations. It is widely assumed that a vast range of behaviors, even deleterious ones, can persist as long as they are locally common because deviants suffer coordination failures and social sanctions. Previous models have confirmed this intuition, showing that different populations may exhibit different norms even if they face similar environmental pressures or are linked by migration. Crucially, these studies have modeled norms as having a few discrete variants. Many norms, however, have a continuous range of variants. Here we present a mathematical model of the evolutionary dynamics of continuously varying norms and show that when the social payoffs of the behavioral options vary continuously the pressure to do what others do does not result in multiple stable equilibria. Instead, factors such as environmental pressure, individual preferences, moral beliefs, and cognitive attractors determine the outcome even if their effects are weak, and absent such factors populations linked by migration converge to the same norm. The results suggest that the content of norms across human societies is less arbitrary or historically constrained than previously assumed. Instead, there is greater scope for norms to evolve towards optimal individual or group-level solutions. Our findings also suggest that cooperative norms such as those that increase contributions to public goods might require evolved moral preferences, and not just social sanctions on deviants, to be stable.
Gender differences in vascular aging and in coronary artery disease pathophysiology
Authors: Blum A 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Women have a clinical advantage over men in relation to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) (morbidity and mortality). This advantage disappears once women become older, and in their seventh decade, the risk to develop CVD equals men at that age. There have been several theories about this gender difference that were related to hormones, and the different morphology and physiology that characterize the cardiovascular system in women. In this review, the different mechanisms will be reviewed and discussed.
On the societal impact of publicly funded Circular Bioeconomy research in Europe
Authors: Brandão Ana Sofia , Santos José M R C A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Europe has taken a world leadership position in setting policy priorities for Circular Bioeconomy (CBE) as a key determinant of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Consequently, European R&D investment in this area keeps growing along with the societal pressure to demonstrate the return of investment of publicly funded projects. Thus, this work presents a pioneering exploratory analysis of the extent to which projects funded at the European level incorporate the policy priorities for which they are being designed in the context of CBE, and how can the impact they are having on society be assessed. Thence, project impact evaluation is carried out in the short- and medium-term, and categorized under Industrial Competitiveness, Sustainable Development, and Community and Public Policies. For this purpose, secondary information was gathered from the European projects database Cordis, as well as primary information through a questionnaire survey of project coordinators. The empirical data collected suggest that European Framework Programmes have been fulfilling their purpose, as they are increasingly societal challenges-driven and market-oriented. This is evidenced by market-related topics addressed in the projects analysed and by the active participation of companies that outnumber academic institutions. As far as impact is concerned, scientific publications continue to be the main result of this type of project in the short-term, whereas in the medium-term social and economic benefits were also identified. Notably, the creation of scientific jobs in the industry, of industrial joint ventures, and the generation of documents to support the improvement of public and EU policies on biobased products.
Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Swanson Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation is an option to treat osteoarthritic knee pain unresponsive to conservative and minimally invasive measures. This article reviews genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation, neuroanatomy of the knee, patient selection, results, and risks and complications of the procedure.
PAs and NPs in employee health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: O'Bryan Pauline , Cutrell James , Gonzalez John D. , Namiranian Azadeh 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
COVID-19 created unprecedented occupational health challenges for hospitals. To meet these demands at a large county safety-net hospital, a COVID-19 employee response team led by PAs and NPs was created. From April 2020 through February 2022, this team managed more than 14,000 discrete employee contacts related to COVID-19 employee concerns. This article describes our experience in creating this team and highlights key strengths and lessons for other institutions seeking to adopt similar models.
Are beta-blockers safe and effective after myocardial infarction in patients with COPD?
Authors: Davis Lindsay E. , Pogge Elizabeth K. , Garg Rajeev 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Clinicians may be hesitant to prescribe beta-blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have a comorbid compelling cardiovascular indication for beta-blocker therapy. This article summarizes the available data on the safety and efficacy of beta-blockers in patients with COPD and recent myocardial infarction.
Illicit Drugs May Contain Veterinary Tranquilizer
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: February 2023

There has been a rise in illicit drugs such as fentanyl being mixed with xylazine, a veterinary tranquilizer. Xylazine is not an opioid; although opioids and xylazine induce similar respiratory symptoms, naloxone will not reverse a xylazine overdose. Severe necrotic skin ulcerations are also possible from frequent exposure to xylazine.Nurses who encounter patients with severe necrotic skin ulcerations or respiratory symptoms should consider xylazine overdose and attempt to determine if xylazine abuse is the root cause.
Wood dust and asthma
Authors: Baatjies Roslynn , Chamba Paulino , Jeebhay Mohamed F. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of the review
Review recent developments on asthma associated with wood dust, given the increasing scale of wood handling and processing activities globally.

Recent findings
Work in wood industries is associated with a significantly increased risk of respiratory symptoms, rhinitis and asthma. This can be attributed to traditional processing techniques and newer technologies producing complex bioaerosol exposures, which may include chemicals. Meta-analysis studies indicate strong evidence for wood dusts as occupational sensitizers for asthma, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The global prevalence of asthma in wood workers ranges between 6–18% and for rhinitis 16–33%. Exposure estimates show wide variation. Risk factors include atopy and exposure to certain wood species, elevated current and cumulative particulate exposures.

Summary
Future studies should focus on better characterization of wood dust allergens and other bioaerosol components, specific immunoglobulin E responses to different wood species, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying asthma, and modelling dose–response relationships using refined exposure metrics for dust particulate and other bioaerosol components. There is a need for improved health-based international exposure standards and effective workplace control measures to reduce exposures to wood dust particulate (hard and soft woods), endotoxin and β-glucan, to reduce the risks of asthma in wood workers.
E-cigarettes and asthma in adolescents
Authors: Afolabi Folashade , Rao Devika R. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
E-cigarettes have been long purported to be a mechanism of harm reduction in current smokers. However, market expansion to adolescents has been aggressive, despite government interventions. Research examining the adverse effects of e-cigarettes in teens with asthma has been limited. We discuss the most recent data on the pulmonary manifestations of e-cigarettes use and exposure in adolescents with asthma.

Recent findings
Adolescents with asthma are more likely to be e-cigarette users than those without asthma and more likely to have asthma exacerbations. Increased pulmonary inflammatory cytokines have been seen in e-cigarette users and mouse models. Yet, providers are not confident in e-cigarette screening and counselling despite acknowledging adolescents are using e-cigarettes regularly.

Summary
Since the introduction of e-cigarettes into the United States market in 2007, adolescents use of these products has risen, even after a brief decline during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review will describe the most recent studies on e-cigarette use trends, cytotoxicity of e-cigarette aerosol and associations with the diagnosis and symptoms of asthma. Knowledge gaps, advocacy efforts, evidence on e-cigarette cessation will be highlighted.
Management of Very Distal Ulna Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abdel Khalik Hassaan , Lameire Darius L. , Kruse Colin , Hache Philip J. , Al-Asiri Jamal 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
To synthesize all-cause complications and reoperations data, and secondary clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes after the management of very distal ulna fractures (VDUFs) either nonoperatively or operatively.

Data Sources:
MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for English-language articles from inception to February 17, 2022.

Study Selection:
Studies reporting the nonoperative or operative management of VDUFs were eligible for inclusion. VDUFs were defined as either being Q2–Q5 distal ulna fractures using the OTA/AO Comprehensive Classification of Fractures for distal ulna fractures associated with distal radius fractures or being amenable to characterization by the classification system for ulnar head, neck and metaphyseal fractures by Biyani et al.

Data Extraction:
Two reviewers independently extracted data from included studies. Study validity was assessed using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies.

Data Synthesis:
Seventeen studies (512 VDUFs) were included for analysis. There were 209, 237, and 66 fractures in the nonoperative, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), and distal ulna resection groups, respectively. Descriptive statistics including weighted mean values, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Conclusions:
The treatment of VDUFs with nonoperative management, ORIF, or distal ulna resection may all be acceptable treatment options in specific patient populations. Nonoperative management of VDUFs is a promising treatment strategy even for complex fracture patterns in patients 65 years of age or older. Despite higher reoperation rates, ORIF may be considered for the younger, high-demand patient. Distal ulna resection presents with very favorable functional outcomes in patients 65 years of age or older presenting with a complex VDUF with the lowest reoperation rate across all groups.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of the Magnitude and Timing of Fluid Overload on Outcomes in Critically Ill Children: A Report From the Multicenter International Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Angina, and Epidemiology (AWARE) Study
Authors: Selewski David T. , Gist Katja M. , Basu Rajit K. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Zappitelli Michael , Soranno Danielle E. , Mammen Cherry , Sutherland Scott M. , Askenazi David J. , Ricci Zaccaria , Akcan-Arikan Ayse , Gorga Stephen M. , Gillespie Scott E. , Woroniecki Robert ,   on behalf of the Assessment of the Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Angina and Epidemiology (AWARE) Investigators
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVES:
With the recognition that fluid overload (FO) has a detrimental impact on critically ill children, the critical care nephrology community has focused on identifying clinically meaningful targets for intervention. The current study aims to evaluate the epidemiology and outcomes associated with FO in an international multicenter cohort of critically ill children. The current study also aims to evaluate the association of FO at predetermined clinically relevant thresholds and time points (FO ≥ 5% and FO ≥ 10% at the end of ICU days 1 and 2) with outcomes.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Multicenter, international collaborative of 32 pediatric ICUs.

PATIENTS:
A total of 5,079 children and young adults admitted consecutively to pediatric ICUs as part of the Assessment of the Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Angina and Epidemiology Study.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The FO thresholds at the time points of interest occurred commonly in the cohort (FO ≥ 5%Day1 in 38.1% [n = 1753], FO ≥ 10%Day1 in 11.7% [n = 537], FO ≥ 5%Day2 in 53.3% [n = 1,539], FO ≥ 10%Day2 in 25.1% [n = 724]). On Day1, multivariable modeling demonstrated that FO ≥ 5% was associated with fewer ICU-free days, and FO ≥ 10% was associated with higher mortality and fewer ICU and ventilator-free days. On multivariable modeling, FO-peak, Day2 FO ≥ 5%, and Day2 FO ≥ 10% were associated with higher mortality and fewer ICU and ventilator-free days.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study found that mild-to-moderate FO as early as at the end of ICU Day1 is associated with adverse outcomes. The current study fills an important void in the literature by identifying critical combinations of FO timing and quantity associated with adverse outcomes (FO ≥ 5%Day1, FO ≥10%Day1, FO ≥ 5%Day2, and FO ≥ 10%Day2). Those novel findings will help guide the development of interventional strategies and trials targeting the treatment and prevention of clinically relevant FO.