bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo base editing extends lifespan of a humanized mouse model of prion disease
Authors: An Meirui , Davis Jessie R. , Levy Jonathan M. , Serack Fiona E. , Harvey John W. , Brauer Pamela P. , Pirtle Catherine P. , Berríos Kiara N. , Newby Gregory A. , Yeh Wei-Hsi , Kamath Nikita , Mortberg Meredith , Lian Yuan , Howard Michael , DeSouza-Lenz Kendrick , Guzman Kenia , Thai Aaron , Graffam Samantha , Laversenne Vanessa , Coffey Alissa A. , Frei Jeannine , Pierce Sarah E. , Safar Jiri G. , Deverman Benjamin E. , Minikel Eric Vallabh , Vallabh Sonia M. , Liu David R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prion disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the misfolding of prion protein (PrP) encoded by the PRNP gene. While there is currently no cure for the disease, depleting PrP in the brain is an established strategy to prevent or stall templated misfolding of PrP. Here we developed in vivo cytosine and adenine base strategies delivered by adeno-associated viruses to permanently modify the PRNP locus to achieve PrP knockdown in the mouse brain. Systemic injection of dual-adeno-associated virus PHP.eB encoding BE3.9max and single guide RNA installing PRNP R37X resulted in 37% average installation of the desired edit, 50% reduction of PrP in the mouse brain and 52% extension of lifespan in transgenic human PRNP mice inoculated with pathogenic human prion isolates representing the most common sporadic and genetic subtypes of prion disease. We further engineered base editing systems to achieve improved in vivo potency and reduced base editor expression in nontargeting tissues, resulting in 63% average PrP reduction in the mouse brain from a 6.7-fold lower viral dose, with no detected off-target editing of anticipated clinical significance observed in either human cells or mouse tissues. These findings support the potential of in vivo base editing as one-time treatment for prion disease.
Systematic review of machine learning applications using nonoptical motion tracking in surgery
Authors: Carciumaru Teona Z. , Tang Cadey M. , Farsi Mohsen , Bramer Wichor M. , Dankelman Jenny , Raman Chirag , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Gholinejad Maryam , Vasilic Dalibor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This systematic review explores machine learning (ML) applications in surgical motion analysis using non-optical motion tracking systems (NOMTS), alone or with optical methods. It investigates objectives, experimental designs, model effectiveness, and future research directions. From 3632 records, 84 studies were included, with Artificial Neural Networks (38%) and Support Vector Machines (11%) being the most common ML models. Skill assessment was the primary objective (38%). NOMTS used included internal device kinematics (56%), electromagnetic (17%), inertial (15%), mechanical (11%), and electromyography (1%) sensors. Surgical settings were robotic (60%), laparoscopic (18%), open (16%), and others (6%). Procedures focused on bench-top tasks (67%), clinical models (17%), clinical simulations (9%), and non-clinical simulations (7%). Over 90% accuracy was achieved in 36% of studies. Literature shows NOMTS and ML can enhance surgical precision, assessment, and training. Future research should advance ML in surgical environments, ensure model interpretability and reproducibility, and use larger datasets for accurate evaluation.
Enlargement of depressions on comet 81P/Wild 2: Constraints based on 30-year cometary activity in the inner Solar System
Authors: Lim Bumhoo , Ishiguro Masateru 
Published: January 2025

Context. The Stardust flyby mission to Jupiter-family comet (JFC) 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter, 81P) captured its dense quasicircular depressions. The formation mechanism behind these depressions remains a subject of debate.
Aims. We aim to study how cometary activity contributed to the formation and enlargement of these depressions by analyzing Stardust flyby images and ground-based observation data.
Methods. We calculated the time-dependent water production rate of 81P inside the snow line (<3 au) and compared it with the observational data. In addition, we estimated the fallback debris mass using an observation-based model, where a dust ejection from 81P was considered to reproduce ground-based observations of the dust tail. We compared the total excavated volume of water and dust with the total depression volume derived, using the 81P shape model.
Results. We find that the total excavated volume after 81P was injected into the inner Solar System accounts for up to only 30% of the depression volume. This suggests that a large portion (>70%) of the depressions had already existed before the comet was injected into the current orbit. In addition, we estimated the dust-to-ice mass ratio for 81P to be 2–14.
Conclusions. We suggest that most depressions observed for 81P were formed in their source regions.
Grid-based exoplanet atmospheric mass-loss predictions via neural networks
Authors: Reza Amit , Kubyshkina Daria , Fossati Luca , Helling Christiane 
Published: January 2025

Context. The fast and accurate estimation of planetary mass-loss rates is critical for planet population and evolution modelling.
Aims. We used machine learning (ML) for fast interpolation across an existing large grid of hydrodynamic upper atmosphere models, providing mass-loss rates for any planet inside the grid boundaries with superior accuracy compared to previously published interpolation schemes.
Methods. We considered an already available grid comprising about 11 000 hydrodynamic upper atmosphere models for training and generated an additional grid of about 250 models for testing purposes. We developed the ML interpolation scheme, dubbed the ‘atmospheric Mass Loss INquiry frameworK’ (MLink), using a dense neural network, further comparing the results with what was obtained employing classical approaches (e.g. linear interpolation and radial-basis-function-based regression). Finally, we studied the impact of the different interpolation schemes on the evolution of a small sample of carefully selected synthetic planets.
Results. MLink provides high-quality interpolation across the entire parameter space by significantly reducing both the number of points with large interpolation errors and the maximum interpolation error compared to previously available schemes. For most cases, evolutionary tracks computed employing MLink and classical schemes lead to comparable planetary parameters on gigayear timescales. However, particularly for planets close to the top edge of the radius gap, the difference between the predicted planetary radii at a given age of tracks obtained employing MLink and classical interpolation schemes can exceed the typical observational uncertainties.
Conclusions. Machine learning can be successfully used to estimate atmospheric mass-loss rates from model grids, paving the way to exploring future larger and more complex grids of models computed accounting for more physical processes.
Unveiling the strengths and weaknesses of technology in interpreter training
Authors: Chan Venus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thanks to the advancement of technology, there has been much growth in research on integrating technologies into
language teaching and learning over the past few decades. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of educational
technology and online learning. While the use of technology has been extensively investigated and reviewed in English language
teaching contexts, especially in English as a second/foreign language, computer-assisted interpreter training (CAIT) has been
under-researched and reviewed. This paper aims to provide an aerial view of ways in which interpreting learning has been
reconciled with different types of technological tools explored in the existing literature. It traces how these tools have been
incorporated into interpreter training over time, discusses studies on CAIT, and provides some insights into research needs for
future work. The paper discusses, evaluates, and analyses previous research on CAIT based on the three main types of
technologies/tools used in interpreter training — computer-assisted interpreting (CAI) tools, virtual reality (VR), and a
combination of mobile and virtual/extended reality (VR/XR) technologies. Prior research on CAIT has generally indicated that the
benefits of CAIT outweigh the shortcomings. While there has been steady growth in research on CAIT, this paper concludes that more
theory-grounded experiential studies are needed to explore the effectiveness and factors influencing multiple emerging
technologies in various language contexts.
Determination of first order perturbation for bi-harmonic operator by asymptotic boundary spectral data
Authors: Aroua Nesrine , Bellassoued Mourad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article deals with the multidimensional Borg–Levinson theorem for perturbed bi-harmonic operator. More precisely, in a bounded smooth domain of

R

n

, with

n
⩾
2

, we prove the stability of the first and zero order coefficients of the bi-harmonic operator from some asymptotic behavior of the boundary spectral data of the corresponding bi-harmonic operator i.e. the Dirichlet eigenvalues and the Neumann trace on the boundary of the associated eigenfunctions.
Enhanced photocatalytic properties of Ge-doped Ga2O3 nanostructures synthesized via hydrothermal method
Authors: Kim Sunjae , Ryou Heejoong , Kim Hyoung Woo , Hwang Wan Sik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ge-doped (1.4 at. %) β-Ga2O3 nanostructures are successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method followed by annealing at 1000 °C in an O2 atmosphere. The crystal structures and morphologies of both intrinsic and Ge-doped β-Ga2O3 nanostructures are analyzed using high-resolution x-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Photoluminescence measurements are also performed to investigate defect-related energy levels within the bandgap. The photocatalytic activity is evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue in an aqueous solution. Ge-based precipitates form when the Ge concentration exceeds 1.4 atomic percent in the β-Ga2O3 nanostructures. As with other dopants such as Sn, Al, and Cr, this controlled incorporation of Ge significantly enhances the photocatalytic properties and potentially improves the electronic and optical properties of Ga2O3-based devices.
An omnidirectional piezoelectric energy harvester coupling vortex-induced vibration and wake galloping
Authors: Li Wenhui , Wang Guotai , Yang Chongqiu , Yang Xiaohui , Song Rujun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes an omnidirectional piezoelectric energy harvester coupling vortex-induced vibration and wake galloping (OPEH-VW), converting wind energy into electrical energy. The vibration behavior of the OPEH-VW is explored by changing the spacing ratio (L/D) and the diameter of the wind cylinder at the end of the cantilever beam. When the wind does not blow directly onto the device, it will rotate due to the imbalance of forces on both sides of wind cylinder B until reaching a state of equilibrium, causing the device to stop rotating, achieving omnidirectional functionality. And at this state, the efficiency of wind energy collection is highest. The results show that when the two wind cylinders of the same diameter were placed in series, at low wind speeds, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) was observed. As wind speed increases, continuous VIV and wake galloping (WG) phenomena appeared at a spacing ratio of 3.5, while only WG was occurred at the other three spacing ratios. And if the two wind cylinders placed in series replaced to different diameters, the OPEH-VW behaved as a bi-stable system with two resonance frequencies. The output power increased with the wind speed within a certain range and raised to peaks twice.
Minimal decaying dark matter: from cosmological tensions to neutrino signatures
Authors: Fuß Lea , Garny Mathias , Ibarra Alejandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The invisible decay of cold dark matter into a slightly lighter dark sector particle on
cosmological time-scales has been proposed as a solution to the S
8 tension. In this work we
discuss the possible embedding of this scenario within a particle physics framework, and we
investigate its phenomenology. We identify a minimal dark matter decay setup that addresses the
S
8 tension, while avoiding the stringent constraints from indirect dark matter searches. In our
scenario, the dark sector contains two singlet fermions N
1,2, quasi-degenerate in mass, and
carrying lepton number so that the heaviest state (N
2) decays into the lightest (N
1) and two
neutrinos via a higher-dimensional operator N
2 → N̅
1νν
. The conservation of lepton
number, and the small phase-space available for the decay, forbids the decay channels into hadrons
and strongly suppresses the decays into photons or charged leptons. We derive complementary
constraints on the model parameters from neutrino detectors, freeze-in dark matter production via
νν → N
1
N
2, collider experiments and blazar observations, and we show that the upcoming
JUNO neutrino observatory could detect signals of dark matter decay for model parameters
addressing the S
8 tension if the dark matter mass is below ≃ 1 GeV.
Evolution of the electrical characteristics of the ATLAS18 ITk strip sensors with HL-LHC radiation exposure range
Authors: Fernández-Tejero J. , Bach È. , Cindro V. , Fadeyev V. , Federičová P. , Fleta C. , Hirose S. , Kroll J. , Mandić I. , Maeyama K. , Mikeštíková M. , Poley L. , Stelzer B. , Tuma P. , Ullán M. , Unno Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The objective of the study is to evaluate the evolution of the performance of the new ATLAS Inner-Tracker (ITk) strip sensors as a function of radiation exposure, to ensure the proper operation of the upgraded detector during the lifetime of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Full-size ATLAS ITk Barrel Short-Strip (SS) sensors with final layout design, ATLAS18SS, have been irradiated with neutrons and gammas, to confirm the results obtained with prototypes and miniature sensors during the development phase. The irradiations cover a wide range of fluences and doses that ITk will experience, going from 1×1013 neq/cm2 and 0.49 Mrad, to 1.6×1015 neq/cm2 and 80 Mrad. The split irradiation enables a proper combination of fluence and dose values of the HL-LHC, including a 1.5 safety factor. A complete electrical characterization of the key sensor parameters before and after irradiation is presented, studying the leakage current, bulk capacitance, single-strip and inter-strip characteristics. The results confirm the fulfilment of the ATLAS specifications throughout the whole experiment. The study of a wide range of fluences and doses also allows to obtain detailed results, such as the frequency dependence of the bulk capacitance measurements for highly irradiated sensors, or the evolution of the punch-through protection and inter-strip resistance with radiation.
Development of a high gradient superconducting quadrupole experimental magnet in CEPC interaction region
Authors: Shen Chuang , Zhu Yingshun , Yang Xiangchen , Liang Ran , Bian Xiaojuan , Yang Mei , Wu Yafeng , Chen FuSan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Compact high-gradient quadrupole magnets are required on both sides of the interaction points (IP) in the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) interaction region (IR). The dual-aperture superconducting quadrupole magnet Q1a is positioned closest to the IP with a crossing angle of 33 mrad between the two apertures. The electromagnetic design and development of Q1a faces great challenges due to the difficulties associated with the small aperture, high gradient and the magnetic field interference. This paper presents the electromagnetic design scheme of CEPC IR quadrupole magnets and the development of a high gradient superconducting quadrupole experimental magnet. Firstly, by comparing the electromagnetic properties and technological characteristics of three commonly used quadrupole superconducting coils, the design scheme of the superconducting quadrupole magnet for the CEPC final focusing system is determined. Then, the electromagnetic design and optimization of a cos 2θ experimental magnet is presented, the manufacturing process of the experimental magnet is introduced. Finally, the cryogenic excitation test of the experimental magnet is described and the physical design scheme of the high-gradient superconducting magnet for final focusing system in CEPC IR is verified.
European tourism demand in the face of climate change: asymmetric impacts, demand reallocation, and deseasonalisation strategies
Authors: García-León David , Matei Nicoleta Anca , Batista e Silva Filipe , Barranco Ricardo , Dosio Alessandro , Ciscar Juan-Carlos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The European tourism industry, a significant contributor to employment and income, is under threat due to climate change. This study, using data from 1315 European regions and considering a tourism-specific climate index and tourism typologies, examines the potential impact of climate change on tourism demand across the continent under four warming scenarios. We find that climate change impacts in Europe will be highly asymmetrical across regions and seasons, resulting in significant reallocations of tourism demand in space and time across all warming scenarios. A clear north-south pattern in tourism demand changes emerges, with northern regions benefiting and southern regions experiencing significant reductions, particularly under higher warming. Summer demand and coastal areas, where tourism demand is more concentrated, will be particularly affected. We also quantify the deseasonalising efforts necessary to maintain the status quo in the annual demand for tourism, involving relative reductions in summer demand and increases in shoulder and winter seasons.
Dual subwavelength-grating topology for building polarization beam splitters
Authors: Huang Chia-Chih 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A polarization beam splitter (PBS) is key for building polarization-diversity systems in optical communication networks. Here, we propose a compact and easy-to-fabricate PBS based on a dual subwavelength-grating (DSWG) structure positioned between two Si waveguides on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The coupling strengths of the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes were selectively modified, with TE mode suppression and TM mode enhancement. By optimizing the duty cycles along transverse and longitudinal directions of the DSWG structure, the device length is reduced by approximately 40%, and the polarization extinction ratio (PER) of the TM mode is improved by ∼5 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, compared to a single subwavelength grating structure. Numerical simulations revealed high PERs and low insertion losses (ILs) of 26.7 dB (0.1 dB) for TE mode and 23.2 dB (0.28 dB) for TM mode, with a compact footprint of 1.34 × 2.86 μm2. Across a bandwidth of ∼90 nm within the C-band (1.53–1.56 μm), the proposed PBS achieves a TM mode PER of ∼20 dB, a TE mode PER greater than 25 dB, and ILs below 0.25 dB for both modes. This approach, utilizing biaxial anisotropic metamaterials, offers a flexible method for integrating PBSs into photonic integrated circuits using standard semiconductor fabrication processes.
Improving measurement system fidelity through the optimization of preventive maintenance and operating conditions: a comparative study of measurement system analysis approaches
Authors: Sadraoui Youssef , Er-Ratby Mohamed , Kadiri Moulay Saddik , Kobi Abdessamad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study focused on measurement system analysis MSA through gage of Repeatability and Reproducibility R and R methods (Average and Range Xbar/R, Analysis Of Variance ANOVA, Evaluating Measurement Process EMP III) to verify the accuracy and precision of a laser diffraction particle size analyser used to monitor particles’ size in wet grinding process, this device gained great faith in many researches without checking its fidelity. The initial evaluation demonstrates the measurement system’s unacceptability, driving to establish an improvement plan including preventive maintenance scheduling for the instrument to maintain it in good working conditions and anticipate futures anomalies that could affect the measurement system fidelity, standardization of measuring process by the instrument to reduce repeatability, which was found to be the largest source of variation in the gage R and R analysis affecting measurement accuracy and precision, along with unifying the method of calculating solid rate percentage of samples before measurements because it is a significant factor that can affect the measurement results, finally, operators training to conduct measurements in the same way and following unified procedures in the purpose of minimizing reproducibility and increasing the measurement system fidelity, which is proven by the final results. Along this evaluation, a critical comparison between these techniques is conducted in terms of calculations, result’s interpretation and acceptability requirements to evaluate the efficiency of each method. Xbar/R and ANOVA demonstrate a similarities in interpretation and acceptability criteria but ANOVA surpassed Xbar/R by adding new factors in the calculations, while EMP III, which is not widely addressed in the literature, shows a great difference with a distinguished methodology, distinct metrics and acceptability guidelines. Therefore, a combination of ANOVA and EMP III in measurement system analysis would be very effective by extracting comprehensive informations about the studied instrument.
An evolution model for the mobility of urban societal classes based on complex networks
Authors: Zhou Yi-Hua , Yang Liang-Li , Lei Jieqi , Wu Rui-Jie , Kong Yi-Xiu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cities serve as the main platform for human socio-economic activities, where large crowds, products and information converge, forming complex societal interactions and the space for human to interact with each other. Like traditional geographical space, in cities, cyberspace and societal space also offer diverse channels for human interactions. While urban mobility in geographical space has been extensively studied across disciplines such as geography, economics, transportation and human behavior, mobility within societal space in cities has rarely been examined in depth. This paper focuses on the self-organized consolidation of mobility within urban societal spaces. Based on the rational actor assumption and Dunbar’s number, we construct a simple model to explain why urban societal classes spontaneously emerge in the evolution of societal space. We also find that the mobility within urban societal space decreases spontaneously over time and eventually outstanding individuals potentially can be trapped in lower classes, resulting in an inefficient matching of urban resources.
The Roots of Business Familism in Southern Italy. A Quantitative Analysis of the 19th Century
Authors: Rondinelli Roberto , Schisani Maria Carmela , Ragozini Giancarlo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the historical roots of business familism in Southern Italy. Using a social network analysis and employing surnames as proxies for family ties, we introduce and explore various measures of business familism. Our analysis reveals that the persistent embeddedness of firms in family ties was a structural feature of the business system in the South throughout the 19th century. The analysis also documents significant variations in the trends of business familism across different economic sectors.