bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The International Legal Order's Colour Line
Authors: Schabas William A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Racism and racial discrimination emerged as themes in public international law at the end of the First World War. This was a consequence of the participation of countries from the Global South who had hitherto been excluded from international law making. A Japanese proposal to recognize racial equality in the Covenant of the League of Nations was vetoed by President Wilson. The battle against racial discrimination at the international level really began with the United Nations, in 1946. The Global South pushed for action to deal with racism in South Africa, among several other initiatives. In the first decades of the United Nations, campaigns against racial discrimination were the beating heart of the human rights activities of the organization. Landmarks include the adoption of the 1965 Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and the 1973 Convention Against Apartheid. Important mechanisms in human rights were often instigated in measures directed at racial discrimination. These were pushed by States of the Global South and obstructed by governments of Europe and North America. When the apartheid regime fell, in 1990, international activities were recalibrated with a focus on xenophobia. But the issue of racism and racial discrimination returned with the 2001 Durban Conference. Tensions have continued. In 2020, the murder of George Floyd prompted renewed activity. This book narrates the history of racism and racial discrimination in international law, challenging the narrative that human rights are a creation of the Global North while demonstrating the decisive contribution of the Global South.
ESPOROTRICOSE E MÉTODOS DIAGNÓSTICOS: RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Torres Portella Aretuza Iolanda Pimentel , Rolim da Paz Alexandre , Cavalcante Trindade Luciana 
Published: July 2023

Esporotricose é causada por inoculação traumática do fungo Sporothrix schenckii e outros fungos do gênero Sporothrix. No ser humano, a pele é o órgão mais acometido. No Brasil, é a micose subcutânea mais frequente e constitui-se em uma epidemia urbana de transmissão zoonótica felina . O contato das crianças com esses animais tem aumentado o número de casos nessa população, sendo as lesões em face muitas prevalentes. O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever o caso de uma criança com diagnóstico clínico da micose e realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o tema. Para elaboração desse trabalho, seguiu-se os aspectos éticos do estudo de caso conforme a Resolução Nº 266/2012 e Resolução do Código de Ética dos Profissionais de Medicina. Relatou-se o caso de paciente feminina, 9 anos, com quadro nódulo em face, não responsivo à antibioticoterapia e que evoluiu para uma goma. Tinha um gato doméstico com ferida em região retroauricular. O estudo micológico direto e cultura para fungos foi negativo. O histopatológico de fragmento cutâneo foi sugestivo de esporotricose. Após tratamento com iodeto de potássio, manifestou boa resposta. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando-se os unitermos, “sporotrichosis cutaneous and mycology” e “esporotricose e micologia”, respectivamente, sem restrição de ano, tipo de estudo ou língua de publicação. Utilizou-se como critério de exclusão os artigos que não trouxessem estudos com humanos. Foram encontrados inicialmente 51 estudos, restando, após a aplicação do critério de exclusão, 12 artigos. Realizou-se a leitura dos resumos e conclusões dos artigos selecionados. respondeu de forma satisfatória ao tratamento com iodeto de potássio,que continua sendo uma opção terapêutica eficaz e de fácil administração na infância. Apesar de diversos métodos laboratoriais, o isolamento do fungo por cultura permanece sendo o padrão ouro para diagnótico da esporotricose. As limitações inerentes aos métodos diagnósticos não devem, no entanto, atrasar o início do tratamento diante de quadro clínico e epidemiológico sugestivos da doença, no intuito de evitar complicações e cicatrizes inestéticas.
Effect of Team Characteristics, Organizational Justice, and Work Ethic on Teacher Job Performance
Authors: Hakim Mansur 
Published: July 2023

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of team characteristics, organizational fairness, and work ethic on the performance of teachers of elementary school in East Jakarta. The research method is quantitative with the survey. The sample of the study was 209 teachers drawn with simple random technics. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results conclude: there is a positive direct effect of team characteristics, organizational fairness, and work ethic on teacher performance; there is a positive direct effect of team characteristics and organizational fairness on teacher work ethics; And there is a direct influence of team characteristics directly positive effect on organizational justice. In conclusion, team characteristics, organizational justice, and work ethics have a direct and positive impact on the performance of teachers of Elementary School in East Jakarta. There are suggestions that team characteristics, organizational fairness, and work ethics need to be improved in an effort to improve teacher performance
Síntese evolutiva dos marsupiais (mammalia: metatheria)
Authors: Cabral Marcus Vinicius Bonafé 
Published: July 2023

A classe dos mamíferos possui uma história evolutiva que remonta o final do Triássico e todo um extenso contexto norteado pelo registro fóssil incompleto que a paleontologia reuniu ao longo de anos de escavação e coleta. Os primeiros mamíferos em condições razoavelmente preservados são do Jurássico Inferior (KERMACK, MUSSETT e RIGNEY, 1973, 1981; JENKINS e PARRINGTON, 1976), cujos espécimes são minúsculos, com crânios variando de 20 a 30 mm, corpo com cerca de 150 mm e aparência semelhante aos atuais musaranhos. Os mamíferos modernos se dividem em placentários, marsupiais e monotremos, e, a despeito do escasso material fóssil, os marsupiais possuem uma história evolutiva peculiar e relações filogenéticas complexas, de maneira a trazer este grupo como foco especial deste trabalho. Provavelmente os marsupiais surgiram durante o Cretáceo Inferior na Ásia e, a partir deste momento, dispersaram-se para a América do Norte e, logo após, para a América do Sul e Australásia (SZALAY, 1994). Geralmente se aceita que os marsupiais australianos compõem um clado diferente daqueles das Américas, o que é confirmado por meio de análises moleculares recentes (AMRINE-MADSEN et al., 2003). Por muitos anos a distribuição separada dos marsupiais foi estabelecida como um enigma e, assim, foram propostas várias teorias paleobiogeográficas a fim de explicá-lo.
Farmers’ Purchasing Behaviour of Corteva Agriscience’s Products (Galileo Sensa and Delegate) for Chilli in Umreth Taluka of Anand District, India
Authors: Khimani S. H. , Vahoniya Dilip R. , Rajwadi Alvira 
Published: July 2023

Background: Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. Majority of Indian people live in rural areas and dependent on agriculture directly or indirectly. For cultivating crops on the farm, producers must need different inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. to be used on their farm. During crop season different factors (diseases, pests, climate) are affecting crop yield. As a result, proper agrochemical application must begin at the grass root level. The agrochemicals industry is highly competitive due to the presence of several multinational companies [1].
Methods: The research adopts a non-probability convenient sampling method to gather data from 150 farmers in the target area. Collected datawas analyzed using various analytical tools, including tabular analysis, Garrett's Ranking technique, Graphical presentation, and Weighted Arithmetic Mean.
Finding: The findings of this research revealed that, factors influencing the purchase of both products were identified as quality, best result, and crop growth. Farmers’ perception about Galileo Sensa as a product that offered a price matching its quality and safety for chilli, farmers, and soil. Similarly, farmers perceived Delegate as safe for chilli, with a price matching its quality and safety for farmers and soil. Farmer meetings emerged as the most important promotional tool for both products. However, the main problems faced by farmers during the purchasing process includes the unavailability of preferred brands, lack of credit availability, and relatively high prices.
Interdisciplinary‐Inspired Smart Antibacterial Materials and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wu Yuzheng , Liu Pei , Mehrjou Babak , Chu Paul K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe discovery of antibiotics has saved millions of lives, but the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has become another problem in modern medicine. To avoid or reduce the overuse of antibiotics in antibacterial treatments, stimuli‐responsive materials, pathogen‐targeting nanoparticles, immunogenic nano‐toxoids, and biomimetic materials are being developed to make sterilization better and smarter than conventional therapies. The common goal of smart antibacterial materials (SAMs) is to increase the antibiotic efficacy or function via an antibacterial mechanism different from that of antibiotics in order to increase the antibacterial and biological properties while reducing the risk of drug resistance. The research and development of SAMs are increasingly interdisciplinary because new designs require the knowledge of different fields and input/collaboration from scientists in different fields. A good understanding of energy conversion in materials, physiological characteristics in cells and bacteria, and bactericidal structures and components in nature are expected to promote the development of SAMs. In this review, the importance of multidisciplinary insights for SAMs is emphasized, and the latest advances in SAMs are categorized and discussed according to the pertinent disciplines including materials science, physiology, and biomimicry.
Analytical Gas‐Sensing Responses for Single‐Crystalline Semiconducting Gas Sensors
Authors: Liu Huan , Li Zehuan , Li Kai , Dan Yaping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, an analytical gas response formula is developed based on the classical gaseous molecule adsorption model. To validate the analytical formula, an array of silicon nanowires or microwires is fabricated by patterning the device layer of a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) wafer. Gas Hall effect measurements reveal that the surface depletion of the wires narrows down upon exposure to polar molecules that act as dipoles to partially neutralize the surface charges. Gas conductance measurements are performed on different sizes of wires at elevated temperatures. The responses on exposure to different concentrations of water, acetone, and ethanol vapors can be well fitted with the analytical gas response formula. The extracted parameters are consistent with their physical nature. Additionally, the established analytical gas response formula can also well fit gas responses of single‐crystalline nanowires in literature, which further validates the analytical formula.
Two Electron Transfer Mediated Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrate Detection by Sn‐Doped Cuxo Thin Film Electrode
Authors: Ndala Ariel , Kibambo Gloria , Mkhari Orlette , Chowdhury Mahabubur Rahman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe unique electrochemical and electronic properties of CuxO (Cu2O/CuO) give it merit to be used in the development of electronic devices. This paper presents the facile chemical route for the development of a sensitive, accurate, and low‐cost nitrate electrochemical sensor based on undoped and Sn‐doped CuxO thin film electrodes. Various characterization techniques are used to study the physical, electro‐chemical, and electronic properties of the material. Sn‐doping resulted in an increase in the number of electron transfers from 1 to 2 as compared to undoped CuxO. The prepared sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 100.3 µA mm−1 cm−2, a wide linear concentration range of up to 50.0 mm, a fast response time of <5.0 s is observed at a potential of −1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), and a very low limit of detection of 0.1 µm (S/N = 3.0) that outperformed those in the recent literature. The electrode is selective for nitrate in the presence of common interference species and exhibited chemical stability and reproducibility.
Safety and efficacy of jaktinib (a novel JAK inhibitor) in patients with myelofibrosis who are intolerant to ruxolitinib: A single‐arm, open‐label, phase 2, multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhou Hu , Duan Minghui , Gao Sujun , He Guangsheng , Jing Hongmei , Li Junmin , Ma Liangming , Zhu Huanling , Chang Chunkang , Du Xin , Hong Mei , Li Xin , Liu Qingchi , Wang Wei , Xu Na , Yang Haiping , Lu Binhua , Yin Hewen , Wu Liqing , Suo Shanshan , Zhao Qingwei , Xiao Zhijian , Jin Jie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough ruxolitinib improves splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients with myelofibrosis (MF), a substantial proportion of patients discontinue ruxolitinib because of intolerance. This phase 2 trial investigated the safety and efficacy of jaktinib, a novel JAK inhibitor in patients with ruxolitinib‐intolerant MF. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ≥35% reduction in spleen volume (SVR35) at week 24. The secondary endpoints included change of MF‐related symptoms, anemic response, and safety profiles. Between December 18, 2019, and November 24, 2021, 51 patients were enrolled, 45 treated with jaktinib 100 mg bid (100 mg bid group) and six received non‐100 mg bid doses (non‐100 mg bid group). The SVR35 at week 24 in the 100 mg bid group was 43.2% (19/44, 95% CI 29.7%–57.8%). There were 41.9% (13/31) of transfusion‐independent patients with hemoglobin (HGB) ≤100 g/L who had HGB elevation ≥20 g/L within 24 weeks. The proportion of patients with a ≥50% decrease in the total symptom score (TSS 50) at week 24 was 61.8% (21/34). The most commonly reported grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in the 100 mg bid group were anemia 31.1%, thrombocytopenia 22.2%, and infectious pneumonia 17.8%. A total of 16 (35.6%) in the 100 mg bid group had serious adverse events, and 4 (8.9%) were considered possibly drug related. These results indicate jaktinib can provide a treatment option for patients with MF who are intolerant to ruxolitinib.
Parallel distributed productivity‐aware tree‐search using Chapel
Authors: Helbecque Guillaume , Gmys Jan , Melab Nouredine , Carneiro Tiago , Bouvry Pascal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the recent arrival of the exascale era, modern supercomputers are increasingly big making their programming much more complex. In addition to performance, software productivity is a major concern to choose a programming language, such as Chapel, designed for exascale computing. In this paper, we investigate the design of a parallel distributed tree‐search algorithm, namely P3D‐DFS, and its implementation using Chapel. The design is based on the Chapel's DistBag data structure, revisited by: (1) redefining the data structure for Depth‐First tree‐Search (DFS), henceforth renamed DistBag‐DFS; (2) redesigning the underlying load balancing mechanism. In addition, we propose two instantiations of P3D‐DFS considering the Branch‐and‐Bound (B&B) and Unbalanced Tree Search (UTS) algorithms. In order to evaluate how much performance is traded for productivity, we compare the Chapel‐based implementations of B&B and UTS to their best‐known counterparts based on traditional OpenMP (intra‐node) and MPI+X (inter‐node). For experimental validation using 4096 processing cores, we consider the permutation flow‐shop scheduling problem for B&B and synthetic literature benchmarks for UTS. The reported results show that P3D‐DFS competes with its OpenMP baselines for coarser‐grained shared‐memory scenarios, and with its MPI+X counterparts for distributed‐memory settings, considering both performance and productivity‐awareness. In the context of this work, this makes Chapel an alternative to OpenMP/MPI+X for exascale programming.
Early life conditions influence fledging success and subsequent local recruitment rates in a declining migratory songbird, the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra
Authors: Halliwell Chay , Ketcher Martin , Proud Amanda , Westerberg Stephen , Douglas David J. T. , Burgess Malcolm D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLife history traits and environmental conditions influence reproductive success in animals, and consequences of these can influence subsequent survival and recruitment into breeding populations. Understanding influences on demographic rates is required to determine the causes of decline. Migratory species experience spatially and temporally variable conditions across their annual cycle, making identifying where the factors influencing demographic rates operate challenging. Here, we use the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra as a model declining long‐distance migrant bird. We analyse 10 years of data from 247 nesting attempts and 2519 post‐fledging observations of 1193 uniquely marked nestlings to examine the influence of life history traits, habitat characteristics and weather on survival of young from the nestling stage to local recruitment into the natal population. We detected potential silver spoon effects where conditions during the breeding stage influence subsequent apparent local recruitment rates, with higher recruitment for fledglings from larger broods, and recruitment rate negatively related to rainfall that chicks experienced in‐nest. Additionally, extreme temperatures experienced pre‐ and post‐fledging increased fledging success and recruitment rate. However, we could not determine whether this was driven by temperature influencing mortality during the post‐fledging period or later in the annual cycle. Brood size declined with hatching date. In‐nest survival increased with brood size and was highest at local temperature extremes. Furthermore, nest survival was highest at nests surrounded with 40%–60% vegetation cover of Bracken Pteridium aquilinum within 50 m of the nest. Our results show that breeding phenology and environmental factors may influence fledging success and recruitment in songbird populations, with conditions experienced during the nestling stage influencing local recruitment rates in Whinchats (i.e. silver spoon effect). Recruitment rates are key drivers of songbird population dynamics. Our results help identify some of the likely breeding season mechanisms that could be important population drivers.
Impact of polystyrene microplastics on cadmium uptake in corn (Zea maysL.) in acadmium‐contaminatedcalcareous soil
Authors: Rassaei Farzad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are small plastic fragments that have spread globally, but the interaction between MPs and heavy metal soil contamination on plant growth has received little attention. In this study, the impact of polystyrene (PS) on maize growth in cadmium (Cd) polluted soil was examined through a randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment. The results revealed that increasing PS levels in soil led to an increase in Cd concentration in maize shoots and roots compared to the control. Furthermore, the growth inhibiting impact of PS was enhanced by the presence of Cd. PS reduced the dry weights of the shoots and roots, resulting in lower overall dry weights. This study also demonstrated a distinct alteration in the soil pH following the addition of PS, with pH values increasing. PS enhanced the disruption of Cd and decreased the chlorophyll index, plant height, and leaf area by increasing the Cd concentration in the maize plant. These findings highlight the negative impact of PS on plant growth and the exacerbation of Cd contamination in soil. Proper disposal of plastic waste is crucial to mitigate its detrimental effects on the environment. Further research is needed to examine the impact of MPs on soil contamination and their interactions with plants. Understanding the mechanisms of the interactions between MPs and heavy metals will aid in developing strategies to reduce the risks associated with plastic waste and soil contamination. These findings underscore the need for effective waste management practices to prevent further contamination of the environment.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and imbalance of atrophy in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Sokołowski Andrzej , Roy Ashlin R. K. , Goh Sheng‐Yang M. , Hardy Emily G. , Datta Samir , Cobigo Yann , Brown Jesse A. , Spina Salvatore , Grinberg Lea , Kramer Joel , Rankin Katherine P. , Seeley William W. , Sturm Virginia E. , Rosen Howard J. , Miller Bruce L. , Perry David C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBehavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is characterized by heterogeneous frontal, insular, and anterior temporal atrophy patterns that vary along left–right and dorso‐ventral axes. Little is known about how these structural imbalances impact clinical symptomatology. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of frontotemporal asymmetry (right‐ or left‐lateralization) and dorsality (ventral or dorsal predominance of atrophy) and to investigate their clinical correlates. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and structural images were analyzed for 250 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Frontotemporal atrophy was most often symmetric while left‐lateralized (9%) and right‐lateralized (17%) atrophy were present in a minority of patients. Atrophy was more often ventral (32%) than dorsal (3%) predominant. Patients with right‐lateralized atrophy were characterized by higher severity of abnormal eating behavior and hallucinations compared to those with left‐lateralized atrophy. Subsequent analyses clarified that eating behavior was associated with right atrophy to a greater extent than a lack of left atrophy, and hallucinations were driven mainly by right atrophy. Dorsality analyses showed that anxiety, euphoria, and disinhibition correlated with ventral‐predominant atrophy. Agitation, irritability, and depression showed greater severity with a lack of regional atrophy, including in dorsal regions. Aberrant motor behavior and apathy were not explained by asymmetry or dorsality. This study provides additional insight into how anatomical heterogeneity influences the clinical presentation of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Behavioral symptoms can be associated not only with the presence or absence of focal atrophy, but also with right/left or dorsal/ventral imbalance of gray matter volume.