bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcoidosis Coexisting With Distinct Forms of Alopecia on the Scalp: A Case Series
Authors: Sode Titilola , Ogwumike Erica , Hosler Gregory A. , Khalid Imrana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic multisystem inflammatory disease that can affect virtually any part of the body. Often, it can initially present solely in the skin. Histologically, it is characterized by noncaseating, ‘naked’ granulomas in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Clinically, sarcoidosis is often referred to as a ‘mimicker’ of many other pathologic processes because of its wide array of presentations. Occasionally, sarcoidosis can present in the scalp as both a scarring and nonscarring alopecia. There are countless reports of sarcoidosis mimicking various other alopecias including acne keloidalis nuchae, discoid lupus erythematosus, frontal fibrosing alopecia, lichen planopilaris, and alopecia areata totalis. In this case series, we present 2 novel cases of sarcoidosis not just clinically mimicking other forms of alopecia but occurring in conjunction with a separate and histologically distinct primary alopecia.
Aplasia Cutis Congenita With Cutaneous Meningioma: A Rare Case
Authors: Huang Siqi , Huang Qiufeng , Dou Xia , Yu Bo , Tian Weiwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cutaneous meningioma, characterized by ectopic meningothelial cells in the dermis or subcutis, is a rare neoplasm. Generally, the most common location for cutaneous meningioma is the scalp. We report a case of cutaneous meningioma presenting as soft, light red, atrophic, and smooth patches with central blue spots. On histological examination, the tumor consisted largely of epithelioid cells, whorls, nests, and syncytial sheets of meningothelial cells. HMB-45, Melan-A, and S100 were negative; epithelial membrane antigen and somatostatin receptor 2 were positive. Ultimately, histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry results supported a diagnosis of cutaneous meningioma. In addition, dermal dysplasia was observed above the tumor, manifested by thinning of the dermis and loss of appendages. No abnormalities were found on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Cutaneous meningioma is an extremely rare tumor, and its manifestation as an atrophic patch is even rarer. There have been mainly clinical reports of cutaneous meningioma. This was a rare case of focal aplasia cutis congenita with cutaneous meningioma. For cutaneous meningioma to be diagnosed earlier, there needs to be greater public awareness about the condition.
Impact of Caring for Individuals With Heart Failure in the United States
Authors: Cheung Antoinette , Kuti Effie L. , Osenenko Katherine M. , Friesen Michael , Donato Bonnie M. K. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Given the functional impairments and complex care routines associated with heart failure (HF), patients often rely on the support of informal caregivers. Although the importance of caregivers' roles is widely recognized, the intensity and time required for care duties may negatively impact caregiver health and well-being, potentially precipitating their own need for care.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to synthesize estimates of economic, clinical, burden, and health-related quality-of-life impact among caregivers of those with HF in the United States.

METHODS
A systematic review was conducted to identify studies reporting estimates of caregiver impact. Abstract and full-text review as well as data extraction were performed according to established guidelines. Patient and caregiver characteristics were summarized, as well as estimates of impact of caring for those with HF.

RESULTS
From 3680 abstracts, 44 studies reporting caregiver burden estimates were included. Mean caregiver age ranged from 41.4 to 71.4 years; caregivers were primarily female (range, 49%–100%) and the patient's spouse/partner (21%–100%). Time spent caregiving (6 studies) ranged from 2 to 52 h/wk, and depression was identified in up to 40% of caregivers (9 studies). Numerous instruments were used to measure burden, which consistently documented the high impact of caregiving.

CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates the multifaceted impact of caregiving for patients with HF. Despite limited data, notable findings included the considerable burden to caregivers, variability in time spent caregiving, and frequent experience of depression among caregivers, possibly leading to increased healthcare resource use. Future research is needed to better characterize the caregiving impact in HF, including evaluating the drivers of burden.
Exercise Adherence in Older and Middle-Aged Adults With Coronary Artery Disease Before and During COVID-19
Authors: Graham Helen L. , Asakura Yuki , Kirby Jessica , Prue-Owens Kathy , Ma Jian 
Published: May 2023

Background
Regular exercise is advised for individuals given a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. COVID-19 presented challenges to exercise adherence.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine long-term exercise adherence and whether individuals with cardiovascular disease adhered to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guidelines before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This is an observational cross-sectional study in which men (73%) and women discharged from a multiwide hospital system after an acute coronary event were enrolled. Participants completed 3 questionnaires, including the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale.

Results
Five hundred eighty-two individuals (mean [SD] age, 67 [9.8] years) completed the survey. Fifty-three percent of participants met minimum exercise guidelines during COVID-19. Exercise days per week decreased significantly during COVID-19 in women (P = .013) but not significant for men (P = .301). Categorized by age, the decrease was significant for middle-aged women (P = .002), not older women (P = .336). Men exercised more minutes per session (P = .034), and had greater exercise adherence (P = .003) and greater exercise intensity (P < .001). Overall, women participated less in cardiac rehabilitation (P = .046) and reported the greatest disparity in exercise adherence and intensity.

Conclusion
Exercise after an acute event is beneficial, and the percentage of individuals meeting recommended guidelines should be higher considering the relationship between exercise and the possibility of future cardiac events. On the basis of the many physical and mental benefits of maintaining exercise, healthcare practitioners are encouraged to screen all patients for exercise adherence with a major emphasis on educating women and older adults.
An evaluation of nurse practitioner and physician assistant hiring patterns after implementation of the advanced practice registered nurse consensus model
Authors: Patel Esita , Burris Allison , Munn Lindsay T. , Broyhill Britney 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) Consensus Model was developed in 2008 by the APRN Consensus Work Group and the National Council of State Boards of Nursing APRN Advisory Committee. This model aims to improve access to APRN care through standardization of licensure, accreditation, certification, and education and has been adopted by many organizations throughout the United States. However, the Consensus Model is not a legislative document, and there is variation in adoption and implementation throughout states and organizations. Since the Consensus Model was developed, little is known about how this change has affected hiring practices for nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs). There are concerns that the model may place burdensome hiring constraints on NP hires, which could inadvertently lead to preferential hiring of PAs over NPs. We evaluated whether there was a significant association between the proportion of NPs versus PAs hired after the implementation of the APRN Consensus Model in 2017 in a large not-for-profit health system in North Carolina. Our study revealed no association between implementation of hiring practices to align with the APRN Consensus Model and preferential hiring of PAs over NPs.
Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica – to Biopsy or not to Biopsy? A Relook at The Rare Disease
Authors: Nair Avinash A. , Gupta Richa , Irodi Aparna , Ashwin Oliver A. , Chandran Divya , Thangakunam Balamugesh , James Prince 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO) is a rare idiopathic disease involving the tracheobronchial tree. It is mostly an incidental finding with non-specific clinical manifestations. It has typical bronchoscopic, radiological features and biopsy is usually considered non-essential. The study aimed to determine whether biopsy makes a difference in the management of patients.

Methods:
All patients diagnosed with TPO in our institution over 15 years (2005 to 2020) were included in this study. Their medical records, chest computed tomography (CT), and bronchoscopy reports were retrospectively reviewed, and data were analysed. All the CT images were reviewed by a senior chest radiologist.

Results:
From the 20,000 bronchoscopies and 260,000 CT thorax images obtained, 28 cases were diagnosed as TPO based on either bronchoscopy or radiology or both. Among the 19 cases diagnosed through bronchoscopy, 16 underwent a biopsy. In addition to TPO features, biopsy showed additional diagnoses in 6 cases. In 9 cases, TPO was not initially diagnosed by CT but by bronchoscopy. In 8 patients, TPO was diagnosed incidentally on CT performed for other reasons. On follow-up with the treatment of underlying/co-existing concomitant aetiologies, clinical improvement was noted in all patients. None of them progressed to respiratory failure or airway obstruction until the last follow-up.

Conclusion:
Among patients who underwent bronchoscopic biopsy of TPO lesions, 38% had biopsy results showing an alternative aetiology, which led to changes in the treatment plan for all these patients. Hence, a bronchoscopic biopsy of TPO lesions should be performed to rule out other aetiologies.
Incidence of Pneumonia, Related Hospitalization, and Mortality Among Younger Unvaccinated IBD Patients in a Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Khan Nabeel , Trivedi Chinmay , Shah Yash , Patel Manthankumar , Sundararajan Ramaswamy , Xie Dawei , Yang Yu-Xiao 
Published: May 2023

Background and Goals:
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is among the most common infections among Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. Our aim was to determine the absolute and relative risk of CAP, related hospitalization, and death among younger (age < 65) unvaccinated IBD patients exposed and unexposed to immunosuppressive medications.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among a nationwide cohort of younger IBD unvaccinated patients in the VAHS. Exposure was administration of any immunosuppressive medication. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of pneumonia; secondary outcomes being pneumonia related hospitalization and mortality. We reported event rate per 1000 person-years, hazard ratio, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome.

Results:
Among a total of 26,707 patients, 513 patients developed pneumonia. Mean age in years (SD) was 51.67 (11.34) for the exposed and 45.91 (12.34) for the unexposed group. The overall crude incidence rate was 3.2 per 1000 patient-years (PYs) [4.04/1000 PYs in the exposed versus 1.45/1000 PYs in the unexposed]. The overall crude incidence rates for pneumonia-related-hospitalization and mortality 1.12 and 0.09 per 1000 PYs, respectively. In Cox regression, the exposed group was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia (AHR 2.85; 95% CI: 2.21 to 3.66, P < 0.001) and pneumonia-related-hospitalization (AHR 3.46; 95% CI: 2.20 to 5.43, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Overall incidence of CAP among younger unvaccinated IBD patients was 3.2 per 1000 PYs. The overall associated hospitalization rates were low, however, higher amongst those exposed to immunosuppressive medications. This data will help patients and physicians make informed decisions regarding pneumococcal vaccine recommendations.
The Navajo Nation Healthy Diné Nation Act: Community Support of a 2% Tax on Unhealthy Foods
Authors: Curley Caleigh , Eddie Regina , Tallis Kristen , Lane Taylor S. , Yazzie Del , Sanderson Priscilla R. , Lorts Cori , Shin Sonya , Behrens Timothy K. , George Carmen , Antone-Nez Ramona , Ashley Christine , de Heer Hendrik D. 
Published: May 2023

Context:
The Healthy Diné Nation Act (HDNA) of 2014 included a 2% tax on foods of little-to-no-nutritious value (“junk foods”) on the Navajo Nation. The law was the first ever in the United States and any Indigenous nation worldwide with a population at a high risk for common nutrition-related conditions. To date, research on community support for food tax legislation among Indigenous nations is entirely lacking.

Objective:
To assess the extent of support for the HDNA and factors associated with support including sociodemographic variables, knowledge of the HDNA, nutrition intake, and pricing preferences.

Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
The Navajo Nation.

Participants:
A total of 234 Navajo Nation community members across 21 communities.

Outcome Measures:
The percentage of participants who were supportive of the HDNA.

Results:
Participants were 97% Navajo, on average middle-aged, 67% reported an income below $25 000 annually, and 69.7% were female. Half of the respondents said they “support” (37.4%) or “strongly support” (13.0%) the tax, while another 35% of people said they were neutral or somewhat supportive; 15% did not support the tax. Participants with higher income (P = .025) and education (P = .026) and understanding of the legislation (P < .001 for “very well” vs “not at all”) had increased odds of greater support, as did people who believed that the HDNA would make Navajo people healthier (vs not, P < .001). Age, gender, language, and reported nutrition intake (healthy or unhealthy) were not associated with HDNA support, but participants willing to pay 5% or 12%-15% higher prices for fast food and soda had increased odds of greater support (P values range from .023 to <.001).

Conclusions:
The majority of Navajo community members surveyed were moderately supportive of the Navajo Nation tax on unhealthy foods. Higher income and education and understanding of the law were associated with greater support, but nutrition intake was not.
Diagnosis and Management of Craniofacial Osteomas
Authors: Langlie Jake A. , Hullfish Haley , Jabori Sinan K. , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: May 2023

Importance:Osteoid osteomas are benign bony overgrowths that can occur in any region of the body. However, they have a predilection to occur in the craniofacial region. Because of the rarity of this entity, there is a lack of literature detailing the management and prognosis of craniofacial osteoid osteomas.Observations:Craniofacial osteomas have a predilection to involve the paranasal sinuses, but can also be found within the jaw, skull base, and facial bones. Because of their slow-growing nature, craniofacial osteomas are often incidentally discovered on routine imaging or after they compress nearby structures or distort nearby anatomy. Osteoid osteomas of the face can be treated with resection via various approaches. Recent advancements describe minimally invasive endoscopic techniques and adjuvant therapy with radiofrequency ablation guided by cone biopsy computed tomography. Osteoid osteomas have an excellent prognosis with complete resection. They demonstrate a low incidence of recurrence when compared with other osteoblastic lesions of the craniofacial structures.Conclusions and Relevance:Craniofacial osteoid osteomas remain a developing topic within the field of craniofacial surgery. Their removal may be trending toward minimally invasive techniques. However, all treatment modalities appear to result in improved cosmetic outcomes and low recurrence rates.
Baekduia alba sp. nov., a novel representative of the order Solirubrobacterales isolated from temperate grassland soil
Authors: Vieira Selma , Huber Katharina J. , Geppert Alicia , Wolf Jacqueline , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Müsken Mathias , Overmann Jörg 
Published: May 2023

Strain 0141_2T was isolated from a temperate grassland soil in Germany and was found to be affiliated with the order

Solirubrobacterales

. It is most closely related to

Baekduia soli

BR7-21T, with 98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Cells are rod-shaped, non-motile, stain Gram-positive and can have multiple vesicles in the cell surface. Polyhydroxybutyrate is accumulated within the cells. Catalase- and oxidase-positive. It is a mesophilic aerobe and grows best around neutral to slightly acidic pH in R2A medium. The major fatty acids are C18 : 1
ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1
ω7c and C17 : 1
ω8c. Diphosphatidylglycerol is present. The predominant respiratory quinone is MK-7(H4). Meso-diaminopimelic acid is the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G+C content of genomic DNA is 72.9 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the novel species Baekduia alba sp. nov. with the type strain 0141_2T (=DSM 104299T=LMG 30000T=CECT 9239T).
Diet, pace of biological aging, and risk of dementia in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Thomas Aline , Ryan Calen P , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E. , Sugden Karen , Zhou Jiayi , Belsky Daniel W. , Gu Yian 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONWe tested the hypothesis that healthy diet protects against dementia because it slows the pace of biological aging.METHODSWe analyzed Framingham Offspring Cohort data (≥60y). We measured healthy diet using the Dietary Guideline for Americans (DGA, 3 visits 1991-2008), pace of aging using the DunedinPACE epigenetic clock (2005-2008), and incident dementia and mortality using records (compiled 2005-2018).RESULTSOf n=1,525 included participants (mean age 69.7, 54% female), n=129 developed dementia and n=432 died over follow-up. Greater DGA adherence was associated with slower DunedinPACE and reduced risks for dementia and mortality. Slower DunedinPACE was associated with reduced risks for dementia and mortality. Slower DunedinPACE accounted for 15% of the DGA association with dementia and 39% of the DGA association with mortality.DISCUSSIONFindings suggest that slower pace of aging mediates part of the relationship of healthy diet with reduced dementia risk. Monitoring pace of aging may inform dementia prevention.
Trends across time in socioeconomic differences in body mass index: a comparison of population and individual-level approaches
Authors: Wright Liam , Staatz Charis Bridger , Silverwood Richard J , Bann David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic differences in body mass index (BMI) have widened alongside the obesity epidemic. However, the utility of socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators at the individual level remains uncertain, as does the potential temporal variation in their predictive value. Examining this is important in light of the increasing incorporation of SEP indicators into predictive algorithms and the possibility that SEP has become a more important predictor of BMI over time. We thus investigated SEP differences in BMI over three decades of the obesity epidemic in England and compared population-wide (SEP group differences in mean BMI) and individual-level (out-of-sample prediction of individuals’ BMI) approaches.MethodsWe used repeated cross-sectional data from the Health Survey for England, 1991-2019. BMI (kg/m2) was measured objectively, and SEP was measured via educational attainment and neighborhood index of deprivation (IMD). We ran random forest models for each survey year and measure of SEP adjusting for age and sex.ResultsThe mean and variance of BMI increased within each SEP group over the study period. Mean differences in BMI by SEP group also increased across time: differences between lowest and highest education groups were 1.0 kg/m2(0.4, 1.6) in 1991 and 1.5 kg/m2(0.9, 1.8) in 2019. At the individual level, the predictive capacity of SEP was low, though increased in later years: including education in models improved predictive accuracy (mean absolute error) by 0.14% (−0.9, 1.08) in 1991 and 1.06% (0.17, 1.84) in 2019. Similar patterns were obtained when analyzing obesity, specifically.ConclusionSEP has become increasingly important at the population (group difference) and individual (prediction) levels. However, predictive ability remains low, suggesting limited utility of including SEP in prediction algorithms. Assuming links are causal, abolishing SEP differences in BMI could have a large effect on population health but would neither reverse the obesity epidemic nor explain the vast majority of individual differences in BMI.
Guided antiplatelet therapy with P2Y12 antagonists in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: 3 systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials with homogeneous design
Authors: Birocchi Simone , Rocchetti Matteo , Minardi Alessandro , Podda Gian Marco , Squizzato Alessandro , Cattaneo Marco 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundConflicting results were reported by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring guided therapy (GT) with anti-P2Y12 drugs in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Meta-analyses of RCTs failed to clearly identify what GT strategy, if any, is effective, because they lumped together RCTs with heterogeneous designs, comparing either genotype-GT or platelet function test (PFT)-GT with unguided standard therapy. Some meta-analysis also included RCTs that did not actually explore GT, but tested the effects of switching patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) to alternative therapies (HTPR-Therapy), rather than comparing GT with unguided standard therapy. We performed 3 distinct systematic reviews with meta-analyses, each exploring only RCTs with homogeneous design.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and Central databases were searched for RCTs testing genotype-GT, PFT-GT or HTPR-Therapy in PCI-treated patients, through October 1st2022. Two reviewers extracted the data. Risk ratios (RR) (95% confidence intervals) were calculated. Primary outcomes were major bleedings (MB) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsIn 7 genotype-GT RCTs, RR were: MB, 1.06 (0.73–1.54; p=0.76); MACE, 0.64 (0.45–0.91; p=0.01), but significant risk reduction was observed only in RCTs performed in China (0.30, 0.16-0.54; p<0.0001) and not elsewhere (0.74, 0.46-1.18; p=0.21). In 6 PFT-GT RCTs, RR were: MB, 0.91 (0.64-1.28, p=0.58); MACE, 0.82 (0.5 –1.19; p=0.30): 0.62 (0.42-0.93; p=0.02) in China, 1.08 (0.82-1.41; p=0.53) elsewhere. In 8 HTPR-Therapy RCTs, RR were: MB, 0.71 (0.41-1.23; p=0.22); MACE, 0.57 (0.44–0.75; p<0.0001): 0.56 (0.43-0.74, p<0.0001) in China, 0.58 (0.27-1.23, p=0.16) elsewhere.ConclusionNo GT strategy affected MB. Genotype-GT but not PFT-GT reduced MACE; subgroup analysis revealed that genotype-GT and PFT-GT reduced MACE in China, but not elsewhere. PFT-GT (which analyzed both patients with and without HTPR) performed poorly compared to HTPR-Therapy (which analyzed HTPR patients only), likely due to inaccurate identification of HTPR patients by PFTs. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022362739.