bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time observation of phase transition from layered to spinel phase under electron beam irradiation
Authors: Seo Jong Hyeok , Park Joon Yong , Kim Yong-Il , Nam Ki Min , Jang Jae-Hyuck , Kwon Ji-Hwan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The irreversible phase transition from a layered to a spinel structure, typically observed in an intercalation-type electrode, has been recognized as one of the main causes of capacitance fading, structural instability, and thermal instability in Li-ion batteries. However, observing the phase transition in a real environment in real-time is still challenging. Here, cobalt hydroxide, Co(OH)2 was irradiated with an electron beam in a transmission electron microscope, and the phase transition was intensively investigated using in-situ high resolution transition electron microscopy. Both the alpha and beta-Co(OH)2 phases changed into a spinel Co3O4 phase, and formed nanograins. However, the alpha Co(OH)2 showed a faster phase transition and dramatic volume shrinkage during the phase transition, which led to layer bending/discontinuity and the development of cracks. Our results provide a detailed explanation of the mechanism behind the deterioration of the layered structure and the emergence of defects during the phase transition, providing crucial information for designing the next generation battery.
Privatized Graph Federated Learning
Authors: Rizk Elsa , Vlaski Stefan , Sayed Ali H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Federated learning is a semi-distributed algorithm, where a server communicates
with multiple dispersed clients to learn a global model. The federated
architecture is not robust and is sensitive to communication and computational
overloads due to its one-master multi-client structure. It can also be subject to
privacy attacks targeting personal information on the communication links. In
this work, we introduce graph federated learning (GFL), which consists of
multiple federated units connected by a graph. We then show how graph
homomorphic perturbations can be used to ensure the algorithm is di erentially
private on the server level. While on the client level, we show that improvement
in the di erentially private federated learning algorithm can be attained through
the addition of random noise to the updates, as opposed to the models. We
conduct both convergence and privacy theoretical analyses and illustrate
performance by means of computer simulations.
Genome-wide systematic characterization of the NRT2 gene family and its expression profile in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during plant growth and in response to nitrate deficiency
Authors: Deng Qing-Yan , Luo Jiang-Tao , Zheng Jian-Min , Tan Wen-Fang , Pu Zong-Jun , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop that is grown worldwide, but it is highly dependent on sufficient N supply. The molecular mechanisms associated with nitrate uptake and assimilation are still poorly understood in wheat. In plants, NRT2 family proteins play a crucial role in NO3– acquisition and translocation under limited nitrate conditions. However, the biological functions of these genes in wheat are still unclear, especially their roles in NO3– uptake and assimilation.
Results: In this study, a comprehensive analysis of wheat TaNRT2 genes was conducted using bioinformatics and molecular biology methods and 49 TaNRT2 genes were identified. A phylogenetic analysis clustered the TaNRT2 genes into three clades. The genes clustered on the same phylogenetic branch had similar gene structures and nitrate assimilation functions. The identified genes were further mapped onto the 13 wheat chromosomes and the results showed that a large duplication event had occurred on chromosome 6. To explore the TaNRT2 genes expression profiles in wheat, we performed transcriptome sequencing after low nitrate treatment for three days. The transcriptome analysis revealed that expression levels of all TaNRT2 genes in shoot and root and, based on the expression profiles, three highly expressed genes (TaNRT2-6A.2, TaNRT2-6A.6, and TaNRT2-6B.4) were selected for a qPCR analysis in two different wheat cultivars (‘Mianmai367’ and ‘Nanmai660’) under nitrogen limited and normal conditions. All three genes were up-regulated under nitrate limited conditions and highly expressed in the high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) wheat ‘Mianmai36’ under low nitrate conditions.
Conclusion: We systematically identified 49 NRT2 gens in wheat and analyzed the transcript levels of all the TaNRT2s under nitrogen deficiency conditions and over the whole growth period. These results suggest that these genes play important roles in nitrate absorption, distribution, and accumulation. This study provides valuable information and key candidate genes for further studies on the function TaNRT2s in wheat.
Proliferation and survival analysis of rhizosphere soil bacteria in a new Mars soil simulant under Mars conditions
Authors: Qureshi Behzad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Growth of plants on Mars have a significant importance ranging from being an essential food source to oxygen production and raw material for manufacturing purposes, for early Mars colonists. Rhizosphere dwelling bacteria perform key functions in the growth and development of plants. In this study, the growth and survival of rhizosphere soil bacteria were examined for a period of 7 days in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Red Mountainous Soil (KP-Mars-1), representing Mars soil simulant. KP-Mars-1 is our identified Mars soil simulant, which we characterized and refined. It exhibits similar elemental composition as Mars soil and can potentially be used as a Mars soil simulant. The simulated Mars conditions provided in this study for the analysis of bacterial growth and survival included; temperature range of + 24 °C and – 20 °C, low soil moisture content, anaerobic atmosphere (carbon dioxide dominant) and UV-C ionization radiation (200nm – 280nm). Nutrient broth culture of 3.6 mL was inoculated in 5g of KP-Mars-1. The growth and survival of rhizosphere soil bacteria were analyzed at 1, 3 & 7 days interval. Rhizosphere soil bacterial were able to survive all of the provided Mars conditions. A significant number of bacterial cells died in Mars simulated temperature and UV-C radiations. A significant growth was observed only in anaerobic (carbon dioxide dominant) conditions.
Did Peasants’ Work Characteristics Impact Household Land Use Pattern? Off-farm Employment, Risk Perception and Land Rental Behavior in Rural China
Authors: Hu Yi , Xing Qi , Wang Jian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Farmers' off-farm working choices have a profound impact on family land use behavior under the rapid urbanization in China. This paper studies the mechanism of off-farm employment affecting farmland allocation behavior and focuses on the role of risk. Based on the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, Probit and Tobit models were used to empirically test the impacts of off-farm employment on farmers' land renting behavior, and instrumental variables were applied to test the stability of the models. The results show that households who join off-farm employment are more likely to rent land out, and they are more willing to rent out land to relatives or neighbors in the oral, informal, rent-free or low-rent contracts. But the incentive to rent out land won't increase with households’ off-farm level enhancing. The existence of unemployment risk will prevent farmers from land renting out, especially for farmers who mainly work in off-farm sectors. Besides, with the development of agricultural productive services, the workplace no longer has an impact on land rental behavior. In general, addressing the risk of loss of land rights and unemployment faced by farmers will effectively promote the development of rural land leasing market.
An Integral Method for Parameter Identification of a Nonlinear Robot subject to Quantization Error
Authors: Li Yang-Rui , Peng Chao-Chung , Juang Jer-Nan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the parameter identification of a class of nonlinear mechanical dynamic systems subject to feedback quantization errors.} A second-order integral method for the parameter identification of a nonlinear two-degrees-of-freedom robotic manipulator is studied. To obtain accurate parameter estimates, an optimal excitation trajectory subject to state constraints is proposed. The designated excitation trajectory is able to minimize estimation uncertainties, providing the controlled system trajectory reaches the desired optimal excitation trajectory. Moreover, for most of the nonlinear robotic systems, the output measurements are acquired from the encoders subject to apparent quantization error. Directly differentiating the position to estimate the velocity and acceleration trajectories is unrealistic and unsuitable due to the amplified quantization errors will cause considerable estimation errors. Instead, the finite Fourier series is introduced to perform optimal estimation of the position, velocity, and acceleration histories to capture the dominant frequencies of the system response. A weighted least-squares solution is further proposed to improve parameter identification precision. The comparative studies reveal that the integral method has superior parameter estimation performance than the direct difference model and the filtered regression model in the existing literature. Experimental simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
Testis Cell Pyroptosis Mediated by CASP1 and CASP4: Possible Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome Pathogenesis
Authors: Liu Wantao , Li Xinan , Ma Qiang , Zhu Yongtong , Zhao Wenzhong , Yang Yisheng , Xiao Weiqiang , Huang Daxiong , Cai Fengbo , Chan David Yiu Leung , Zhao Shanchao , Chu Qingjun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and aims: Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) is the most serious pathological type of non-obstructive azoospermia. In recent years, some genes related to SCOS have been identified, including FANCM, TEX14, NR5A1, NANOS2, PLK4, WNK3, and FANCA, but they cannot explain the pathogenesis of SCOS completely. This study attempted to explain the spermatogenesis dysfunction in SCOS through testicular tissue RNA sequencing and provide new targets for SCOS diagnosis and therapy.
Methods and results: We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on RNA sequencing of 9 SCOS patients and 3 obstructive azoospermia patients with normal spermatogenesis. A total of 9406 DEGs were expressed (Log2|FC| ≥ 1 and adjusted P value < 0.05) in SCOS patients, and 21 hub genes were identified among the DEGs. Three upregulated core genes were found in our study including CASP4, CASP1, and PLA2G4A. Thus, we hypothesized that testis cell pyroptosis mediated by CASP1 and CASP4 might be involved in SCOS occurrence and development.
We verified that CASP1 and CASP4 activities in the testes of patients with SCOS were significantly higher than those in patients with normal spermatogenesis using ELISA. Immunohistochemical results showed that CASP1 and CASP4 in the normal spermatogenesis group were mainly expressed in the nuclei of spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, and interstitial cells. CASP1 and CASP4 in the SCOS group were mainly expressed in the nuclei of Sertoli cells and interstitial cells because of the loss of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. At the same time, CASP1 and CASP4 expression levels in the testes of patients with SCOS were significantly higher than those in normal spermatogenic patients. Furthermore, the pyroptosis-related proteins GSDMD and GSDME in the testes of patients with SCOS were also significantly higher than those in patients with normal spermatogenesis. ELISA also showed that inflammatory factors IL-1 β, IL-18, LDH, and ROS were significantly increased in the testes of SCOS patients.
Conclusion: For the first time, we found that cell pyroptosis-related genes and key markers were significantly increased in the testes of patients with SCOS, and we observed a large number of inflammatory and oxidative stress reactions in SCOS. Thus, we considered that testis cell pyroptosis mediated by CASP1 and CASP4 could participate in SCOS occurrence and development.
A Pure Mathematical Proof of the 4-Colour Theorem
Authors: Wang John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work "A Pure Mathematical Proof of the 4-Colour Theorem" is related to the previous proof assited by computer. "Triangulations of Euler Convex Polygon" provides a fresh beginning point for the proof. The central concept is to discover an extended invariant property of Standard Graph’s boundary, which is described as "3-Colour All Phase States (3CP)" in this work and it is demonstrated that the standard graph’s boundary and sub-bound are 3CP and 4-colorable（4-3CP） via the expanded operation e(+, pi) and e(-, pi). It's exciting that this regularity was discovered for the first time and the 4-3CP invariant can naturally derive the 4-Colour Theorem. The majority of the definitions, theorems, and proof strategies are shown in this work.
Effect of workpiece vibration frequency on heat distribution and material flow in the molten pool in tandem-pulsed gas metal arc welding
Authors: Zargari Habib Hamed , Ito Kazuhiro , Sharma Abhay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Versatility, high deposition rate, fine quality, and low equipment cost are known features of the tandem-pulsed gas metal arc welding (TP-GMAW) process. Concurrently, vibration-assisted welding has been considered one of the trends in developing advanced industrial concepts. This study presents a three-dimensional model of the TP-GMAW process to investigate heat transfer and material flow. The competition between the heat distribution beneath the surface and the physical movement caused by the workpiece sine-mode vibration are traced and discussed to understand how the penetration shape change was determined. It is found that applying the vibration extends the heat distribution along the welding direction beneath the weld pool surface, and this trend increases with increasing vibration frequency and effective heat input. In contrast, the heat extending is minimum in the sample without vibration having the highest heat input. This inconsistency can be explained by the physical movement of material in a molten pool due to the workpiece vibration. The vibration also changes the material flow from the surface to the depth in the central rear areas, although it follows an opposite direction in the sample without vibration. Thus, the material flow is vital in improving the penetration shape.
Improved Five Axis–Rough Milling Process Efficacy: a Close-Bounded Volume (CBV) Evaluation Method Based on a Faceted Model
Authors: Sutrisno Himawan Hadi , Kiswanto Gandjar , Istiyanto Jos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Roughing processes create workpieces that are similar to actual forms in short periods of time. However, the current method, which involves either three-axis or five-axis machines, is limited in regards to workpiece feed accessibility. Often, significant amounts of material are left on workpieces that can be removed.
This paper presents a solution to this issue. By conducting a Close Bouded Volume (CBV) evaluation of an area for which a roughing process can be used, a tool path can be formed with a consideration of tool-path length. It can be done by using a point cloud as a cutter contact (CC) point. Tool orientations can be calculated based on a vector operation from a CC point in a CBV area to the nearest and highest CC point outside the CBV area. By orienting each tool on a formed CC point, interference detection can be used to avoid collisions and gouges that occur between feeds and workpieces on the tool path. Tool interference avoidance can be applied using rotation and translation methods until tools are free from interference. Then, from a CC point that is already free of interference, the avoidance can be tested using an actual rough machining process with a five-axis milling machine.
According to this study's results, volume increases can be obtained in roughing so residual materials on workpieces can be reduced. Thus, this method improves disposal processes for residual materials. Moreover, it increases the efficacy of roughing processes.
The incidence, associated factors and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of uterine rupture among vaginal births after caesarean section: An observational study from the National Maternal Near-Miss Surveillance System in China
Authors: Zhou Yangwen , Mu Yi , Chen Peiran , Xie Yanxia , Zhu Jun , Liang Juan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The most serious problem during vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) is the risk of uterine rupture but there is controversy regarding important related factors. With the relaxation of birth policy in China, the maternal and perinatal outcomes after uterine rupture during VBAC are a societal concern. The lack of any large-scale study of uterine rupture during VBAC in China underscores the need for more research evidence.
Methods
We studied singleton pregnant women with VBAC from 2012 to 2019 registered in China’s National Maternal Near-Miss Surveillance System (NMNMSS). First, we calculated the incidence of uterine rupture during VBAC. Second, using a logistic regression model with weighting for the sampling distribution of the population and clustering of births within hospitals, we examined the association of sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and maternal diseases with uterine rupture during VBAC. With multivariable logistic regression, adjusted odds ratio were estimated using two models. Finally, we compared the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with and without uterine rupture during VBAC.
Results
This study included 155774 singleton pregnant women with VBAC, and the incidence of uterine rupture was 0.23%. Characteristics associated with the increased risk of uterine rupture during VBAC included two (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.06–2.73) and three or more (aOR = 2.59; 95% CI: 0.54–12.44) previous caesarean sections, delivery at 42 weeks or later (aOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.58–4.35), and foetal birthweight greater than 4000 g (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.30–2.87). Compared with those without these conditions, the risk of uterine rupture during VBAC among women with amniotic fluid embolism, severe anaemia, placenta accreta spectrum, placental abruption, preeclampsia or eclampsia, and mild anaemia was 25.7-fold, 15.89-fold, 4.17-fold, 3.96-fold, and 2.49-fold higher, respectively. The incidence of adverse maternal outcomes during VBAC was higher in women with uterine rupture than in women without.
Conclusion
The incidence of uterine rupture during VBAC is comparable between China and some developed countries. In the clinical medical practice of obstetrics, it is necessary to be vigilant to factors associated with uterine rupture during VBAC and identify uterine rupture as soon as possible to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Intravenous application of tranexamic acid in intramedullary nailing for the treatment of geriatric intertrochanteric fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiakai , Fan Xiaoyuan , Zheng Yi , Wu Junlong , Yuan Xinhua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Recently, several meta-analyses on the use of tranexamic acid in intertrochanteric fractures have been published. However, their inclusion criteria were not rigorous enough, and the clinical heterogeneity was high, leading to less reliable results. Therefore, we used more stringent criteria to include the most recent randomized controlled studies. The aim was to evaluate the effects and safety of intravenous application of tranexamic acid in the treatment of geriatric intertrochanteric femoral fractures with intramedullary nailing.
Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from the database inception to August 2022. The date of total blood loss (TBL), intra-operative blood loss (IBL), hidden blood loss (HBL), transfusion rate, transfusion units, thromboembolic events, and mortality were extracted. Review Manager 5.3 was used for the analysis.
Results: A total of six RCTs involving 689 patients were included. Meta-analyses indicated that TXA can significantly reduce TBL (WMD = -232.82; 95% CI -312.81 to -152.84; p < 0.00001), IBL (WMD = -36.33; 95% CI -51.38 to -21.28; p < 0.00001), HBL (WMD = -189.23; 95% CI -274.92 to -103.54; p < 0.0001), transfusion rate (RR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.85; p = 0.008), and transfusion units (WMD = -0.58; 95% CI -0.75 to -0.41; p < 0.01). No increase in thromboembolic events rate (RR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.38 to 1.50; p = 0.42) and mortality (RR = 1.36; 95% CI 0.61 to 3.04; p = 0.45) was observed.
Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggested that intravenous administration of TXA in the treatment of geriatric intertrochanteric femoral fractures with intramedullary nailing is effective and safe. TXA resulted in a significant reduction in TBL, IBL, HBL, transfusion rate and units, without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events and mortality.
Investigating the status of some macronutrients using digital mapping techniques in Maru’ak area, Lorestan Province, Iran
Authors: Salmanpour Anahid , Jamshidi Mohammad , Fatehi Shahrokh , Ghanbarpouri Moradali , Mirzavand Jahanbakhsh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present study was conducted 1: to compare generalized linear model (GLM), random forest (RF), and Cubist, 2: to produce available phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK) maps, and 3: to identify covariates controlling mineral distribution in Maru’ak area, Lorestan Province. To fulfill the goals, the location of 173 soil samples was determined by the cLHS method, in four different land uses including orchards, paddy fields, and agricultural and abandoned fields. The performance of models was assessed by the R2, RMSE, and MAE. Results showed that the RF model fitted better than GLM and Cubist models, and could explain 40 and 57% of AP and AK distribution, respectively. The R2, RMSE, and MAE for the RF model were 0.4, 2.81, and 2.43 for predicting AP; and were 0.57, 143.77, and 116.61 for predicting AK, respectively. The most important predictors selected by the RF model were valley depth and SAVI for AP and AK, respectively. The maps showed higher amounts of AP and AK in apricot orchards compared to other land uses, and no difference was observed between AP and AK content of paddy fields, agricultural and abandoned area. The higher amounts of AP and AK were related to orchard management, such as not removing plant residuals and fertilizer consumptions. It can be concluded from the present study that the orchards were the best land use for the study area, which increases soil quality and is in line with sustainable management. However, before generalizing the results, more detailed research is needed.