bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of Activated Carbon prepared from groundnut shells (Arachis hypogeae) by the treatment nitric acid: Application in the removal of tartrazine
Authors: Worldlight Betga Alex , Nigho Ntang Albert , Wilfried Mayeukeu Harding , Michelle Kuisseu , Daouda Kouotou , Nsami Ndi Julius 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work aimed at comparing the adsorption capacity of tartrate ions from aqueous solution onto functionalized activated carbon (CAF) and non-functionalized activated carbon (CA) prepared from groundnut shells. Studies of the effects of different adsorption parameters such as contact time, pH of the solution, adsorbent mass and initial concentrations was carried out. The optimum conditions of tartrazine adsorption by CA were found to be at pH 2, contact time of 10 minutes, adsorbent dose of 0.01 g and initial concentration of 10 ppm; whereas with CAF, the same conditions were respected with the exception of concentration which maximum was 50 ppm. From the results obtained, CA adsorbed better than CAF (17,72487 mg/g and11,0053 mg/g respectively). Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, D-R-K classical adsorption isotherm models were used to analyzed equilibrium data and these data best fitted to Langmuir model for CAF and CA which implies that physisorption is the limiting step. The 1/n values for both adsorbents found between 0 and 1 indicated that the adsorbents have heterogenous surfaces and adsorption is normal. The kinetic data were evaluated using the Pseudo first-order, Pseudo second-order, Intraparticle diffusion, mass transfer and Elovich models. The data were found to correlate well with pseudo second order for both CA and CAF. The low value of Kid, that is the intraparticle diffusion constant, indicated that diffusion of tartrate ions toward the active sites was low and Intraparticle diffusion constant was the rate-limiting step. The mechanism of adsorption that took place in the adsorption of tartrate ions using CA and CAF was electrostatic attraction (Since it contains pores)
Career Stressors, Extra-Organisational Stressors, Coping and Mental Well-being Among Migrant Workers in South Africa, Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Raliile Mohlomi Terah , Ejoke Ufuoma Patience , Haupt Theo C. , DuPlessis Edwin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It is inevitable that human migration involves major life changes, whereby those migrating have to adapt to new environments, new administrations, different politics, adjust to new cultural needs and become ethnic minorities in a new region and part of a new system. Typically, migrant workers because of their desperate need to find employment to support themselves financially are employed in jobs that are dangerous, dirty and difficult. This study seeks to identify the career and extra-organisational stressors and how they influence the coping strategies and the mental wellbeing of migrant workers. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, questionnaireswere distributed as part of a survey and data were conveniently collected from a sampleof migrants in three African countries, namely South Africa, Uganda and Kenya. Datawere analysed descriptively using IBM SPSS v28. Exploratory Factor Analysis wasfurther used to assess the scales developed by the authors to avoid any violation of assumptions and to identify coherent subsets of latent factors. The scales of the authors were used together with the WHO-5 Measurement Index and the prescribed scoringsystem used for assessment of subjective wellbeing. Further, R analytics using mahalonobis distance was used to test the hypothesised relationships between thevarious constructs of the study. The study found that career stressors had a positivesignificant relationship with coping, wellbeing, and common mental disorders. Extra-organisational stressors had a positive significant relationship with coping, wellbeingand common mental disorders. These findings have implication for the development ofculturally sensitive tools that will assist clinicians to improve diagnostic and psycho-therapeutical processes.
Application of ‘CDC- Public security bureau-NGO’ Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism Allied AIDS Prevention and Control in Guangxi, China
Authors: Tao Xing , Huang Yunxuan , Zheng Pingzuo , Wang Gang , Xu Yuexiang , Chen Yongfeng , Deng Benben , Chen Xiu , Qin Tongxue , Liao Yinlu , Shi Minjuan , Lu Beibei , Wu Yuting , Li Jinmiao , Ye Li , Liang Hao , Wei Fashuang , Jiang Junjun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
HIV/AIDS has emerged as a nationwide epidemic and has taken the forefront position as the primary infectious killer of adults in China. The control and prevention of the disease have been hampered by a weak link in the form of heterosexual transmission. However, conventional intervention measures have demonstrated suboptimal efficacy in reducing the incidence of new HIV infections. In light of the current epidemiological characteristics, we have developed and executed an innovative intervention model known as the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the ‘CDC-Public Security Bureau-NGO’. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of this model on the AIDS awareness, HIV infection rates, sexual behavior, and associated factors among female sex workers and elderly clients. Through the provision of robust evidence of the efficacy of this innovative model, we seek to advocate for its implementation in future interventions.
Methods
An 8-year consecutive cross-sectional survey, including a 4-year traditional intervention (2014-2017) and the 4-year ‘CDC-Public Security Bureau-NGO’ innovative intervention (2018-2021), was conducted to evaluate the effects of the new intervention. Compared to the traditional intervention, the ‘CDC-Public Security Bureau-NGO’ intervention achieved positive effects by decreasing risky behaviours. The GM(1, 1) model was performed to predict the proportion of HIV infection without implementing the innovative intervention in 2018–2021; P and C values were used to evaluate the performance of the model.
Results
The most recent condom use rate among female sex workers and elderly clients has increased from 81.1% to 95.3% (P < 0.05), newly reported cases of HIV have decreased by 15.56% yearly and the HIV infection rate among middle-aged and elderly people has dropped by 19.91% yearly. The innovative intervention model has significantly reduced the HIV infection rates.
Conclusions
The ‘CDC-Public Security Bureau-NGO’ innovative intervention has achieved beneficial effects on HIV/AIDS prevention and control and provides a good reference for Guangxi, China.
Exploring the spatial-temporal distribution and push-pull factors of green exercise flow
Authors: Cai Zhenrao , Fang Chaoyang , Zheng Jiali , Zhou Linguo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Green exercise flow is the process of realizing the urban ecosystems exercise cultural services, and also the process of obtaining health benefits for residents. However, compared with other types of ecosystem service flow, the research on green exercise flow (exercise culture service flow) is obviously insufficient. Therefore, this research aims to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics and potential push and pull factors of green exercise flow.
Methods
Understand the temporal characteristics of green exercise flow and summarize its peak pattern based on the trajectory attribute data of a mobile exercise recording application. We used the application's check-in data to characterize spatial characteristics of green exercise flow, and analyzed the relationship between push and pull factors and green exercise flow by correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model.
Results
(1) Green exercise flow exists spatial differentiation from urban center to suburb. (2) There are different peak patterns in green spaces, genders, and exercise types. (3) The length of the main exercise route, the number of park entrances, and the total population have the largest positive correlation with the flow. The correlation between landscape shape index, road density and green exercise flow was not significant. (4) the length of the main path and the number of entrances are the main pulling forces of green exercise flow, and the number of population is the most influential pushing factor.
Conclusions
Green exercise flow has internal differences in time and space, and also varies with demographic characteristics and exercise types. It is necessary to pay attention to the comprehensive push and pull factors for green exercise flow, and green exercise should be promoted jointly from the perspectives of green space, traffic corridor and community.
Targeting pro-survival autophagy enhanced GSK-3β inhibition-induced apoptosis and retarded proliferation in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Shirono Yuko , Bilim Vladimir , Anraku Tsutomu , Kuroki Hiroo , Kazama Akira , Murata Masaki , Hiruma Kaede , Tomita Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Advanced bladder cancer (BC) (local invasive and/or metastatic) is not curable even with cytotoxic chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted treatment. Targeting GSK-3β is a promising novel approach in advanced BC. The induction of autophagy is a mechanism of secondary resistance to various anticancer treatments. Our objectives were to investigate the synergistic effects of GSK-3β in combination with autophagy inhibitors to evade GSK-3β drug resistance. Small molecule GSK-3β inhibitors and GSK-3β knockdown using siRNA promoted the expression of autophagy-related proteins. We further investigated that GSK-3β inhibition induced the nucleus translocation of transcription factor EB(TFEB). Compared to the GSK-3β inhibition alone, its combination with chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor) significantly reduced BC cell growth. These results provide that targeting autophagy potentiates GSK-3β inhibition-induced apoptosis and retarded proliferation in BC cells.
Short-Term Side Effects Raises Following Covid-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Ibrahim Sahar Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Montaha Mohamed Ibrahim , Alhussin Esraa Mohammed , Hassan Amel Ahmed , Al-Qudimat Ahmad R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundVaccination against Covid-19 reduces the risk of getting an infection and provides strong protection against serious illnesses and death combined with existing prevention measures, this study aimed to determine short-term side effects that a raised after the Covid-19 vaccine was received.MethodologyA descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study included 100 Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Sob University Hospital. Data was collected using a structured interview questionnaire and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences.ResultsAmong 100 participants near to half (42%) were in the age group of (20 – 30) years and above two thirds (61%) of the study were female and 31% were registered nurses. Most of them 91% received the AstraZeneca vaccine. This current study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the onsets of symptoms with a type of vaccine (AstraZeneca) with a p-value of 0.001. In addition to a statistically significant relationship between muscular pain, fever, Itching as a side effect, and AstraZeneca) with p value less than 0, 05.ConclusionThe study concluded that most of those who took the vaccination of Covid-19 experienced short-term side effects including chills, fever, muscle pain, and headache after receiving the vaccine after each dose but they did not develop diarrhea.
New predictive models and indices for screening MAFLD in school-aged overweight/obese children
Authors: Xing Yunfei , Zhang PingPing , Li Xueying , Jin Shifeng , Xu Miao , Jia Jinzhu , Wang Hai-Jun , Li Li , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aims & Background:
Currently, most predictions of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in school-aged children utilize indicators that usually predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to develop new predictive models and predictors for children with MAFLD, which could enhance the feasibility of MAFLD screening programs in the future.
Methods
A total of 331 school-aged obese/overweight children were recruited from six primary schools in Ningbo city, China. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were detected with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively. Machine learning methods to build a set of variables to predict MAFLD in children. Then, the areas under the curve (AUC) of multiple models were compared to predict pediatric MAFLD.
Results
Compared with non-MAFLD children, children with MAFLD had more obvious metabolic abnormalities as they had higher anthropometric indicators, alanine aminotransferase, fasting plasma glucose, and higher inflammation indicators (white blood cell count, hemoglobin, neutrophil) (all P < 0.05). The optimal variables for total subjects calculated by random forest (RF) were alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, insulin and BMI. RF performed best among the four models constructed to predict MAFLD in children, with an AUC value of 0.703. LnAI-WHR, LnAI and LnAL-WHtR were satisfactory indices for predicting pediatric MAFLD in all participants, boys and girls individually.
Conclusions
This study developed a RF model and sex-specific indices for predicting MAFLD in overweight/obese children that may be useful for widespread screening and identification of children at high risk of MAFLD for early treatment.
Assessment of clinical competence of graduating medical students in Ethiopia
Authors: Dejene Daniel , Ayalew Firew , Yigzaw Tegbar , Woretaw Alemseged , Versluis Marco , Stekelenburg Jelle 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Ethiopia scaled up medical education to improve access to healthcare which presented challenges in maintaining training quality. We conducted a study aiming to assess the clinical competence of graduating medical students and the associated factors.
Methods and materials: A pretest assessment of a quasi-experimental study was conducted in 10 medical schools with a sample size of 240 students. We randomly selected 24 students per school. Clinical competence was assessed in a 12-station OSCE. The clinical learning environment (CLE), simulation training, and practice exposure were self-rated. Using the SPSS v. 27, mean scores for clinical competence, and satisfaction on CLE and simulation training were calculated. Proportions of students with practice exposure, and who agreed on CLE and simulation items were done. Independent test tests were used to see competence differences among subgroups. Bivariate and multiple linear regression models were fitted for the outcome variable: competence score. A 95% statistical confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 were used for making statistical decisions.
Results: The mean clinical competence score was 72%. Students scored lower in performing MVA (62 %), LP (64%), and childbirth (66%) tasks. Female students (73%) were had significantly higher score than males (70%). Higher CGPA, positive appraisal of CLE, and conducting more procedures were associated with competence development. Only a little more than 50% of the participants were satisfied with the number of students during practice sessions and the assessment in clinical teaching. About two-thirds of the respondents were not satisfied with the sufficiency of models and equipment, and the provision of feedback. More than one-tenth of them never performed LP, MVA, normal delivery, and venipuncture procedures.
Conclusions Medical students had an acceptable clinical competence. Better CLE, CGPA, and practice exposure are associated with higher scores. Strengthening clinical practice and simulation training is needed at schools. CPD and mentoring should be considered to fill the skills gaps of the new graduates.
Continuous glucose monitoring indicators according to heterogeneity of prediabetes: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Choi In Young , Jang Jiwon , Chang Yoosoo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction: A prediabetes diagnosis is based on composite criteria, although the heterogeneity among the prediabetes diagnostic criteria is not fully understood. We investigated the different characteristics of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) indicators in prediabetes defined by different diagnostic criteria.
Methods: We included 969 participants without diabetes from the Kangbuk Samsung Total Healthcare Center who underwent CGM as part of a comprehensive health examination from January–December 2021. The participants were categorized into following four groups: healthy, isolated glucose prediabetes, isolated HbA1c prediabetes, and prediabetes meeting the respective criteria (fasting blood glucose [FBG] and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] levels of < 100 mg/dL and < 5.7%; 100–125 mg/dL and < 5.7%; < 100 mg/dL and 5.7─6.4%, respectively). CGM metrics were measured using a glucose monitor.
Results: Themean FBG levels of the isolated glucose prediabetes, isolated HbA1c prediabetes, and prediabetes meeting both the FBG and HbA1c criteria groups were 105.0 ± 4.7, 93.4 ± 4.6, and 107.9 ± 6.4, respectively; the corresponding HbA1c levels were 5.5 ± 0.1, 5.8 ± 0.1, and 5.9 ± 0.2, respectively. The mean glucose levels were 106.1 ± 10.0, 105.0 ± 10.8, and 111.9 ± 10.6, respectively; the mean numbers of glucose management indicators (GMIs) were 5.8 ± 0.2, 5.8 ± 0.3, and 6.0 ± 0.3, respectively.
Conclusion: Between the isolated glucose and HbA1c prediabetes groups, the differences in mean blood glucose and GMIs measured by CGM were attenuated compared with FBG and HbA1c levels. These results may help to better our understanding of prediabetes pathophysiology.
Water induced surface erosion risk assessment in Jumar agricultural watershed, Jharkhand, India using multivariate statistics and GIS
Authors: PANDEY SOUMYA , Kumari Neeta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The state of Jharkhand suffers immensely from water-induced surface erosion causing loss of socio-economic Jumar watershed of Ranchi district, Jharkhand was selected for a study period of 2020 and 2021 to analyse climate change, seasonal change in quality of water and soil resources, hydro-geomorphometry and land cover land use (LULC) using GIS and multivariate statistics. The water quality analysis revealed the presence of higher content of presence of metals such as Ca, Mg, K, and Na, higher alkalinity, TDS, and turbidity in monsoon and post-monsoon months of 2021. The soil quality analysis showed that the region has excessive carbonate salts with dominant presence of metal such as calcium, magnesium and sodium, disturbing the soil structure and lowering its infiltration capacity, promoting nutrient deficiencies, and leading to possible metal contamination in few years. Lack of vegetation covers adds to surface erosion under high intensity rainfall (1685-2083mm). The correlation analysis was done seasonally for both soil and water quality revealing the strong influence of metal ions with pH, alkalinity, salinity, and TDS, showing a prominent silicate weathering and ion exchange process indicating prominent surface erosion in watershed. The PCA on water and soil quality data showed that salinity, TDS, Alkalinity, Hardness and EC are the principal components. The morphometric study showed that the Jumar watershed has rolling and slightly undulating terrain, with mild slope and dendritic stream pattern of 4th order stream. Low basin relief and drainage density, compactness constant (0.00192), Ruggedness number (0.0609), and basin relief ratio (0.00552) indicated the dominance of low stream orders (1st ) in the area pointing to low potential energy in surface flow. The hydrological indices indicated that the watershed is low risk of gully formation in lowlands. Through the application of other GIS based rainfall, LULC and spectral indices (NDMI, MSI, SAVI and BSI) it was found that there has been a huge increase in urbanization, barren land, sparse vegetation cover, and immense water stress especially in summer and winter season of 2020 and 2021 in the watershed. The Lack of water conservation and traditional agriculture using agrochemicals is very prominent in the watershed, hence an immediate need for water and soil quality management is required.
Analysis of immunomodulation to intestinal inflammatory injury in chickens caused by Clostridium perfringens C57-1 infection
Authors: Khan Mohammad Zeb , Zhang Hailin , Zhang Huijun , Zhao Haiyuan , Li Jiaxuan , Shao Yilan , Shan Zhifu , Wang Li , Zhou Han , Jiang Yanping , Cui Wen , Qiao Xinyuan , Li Yijing , Tang Lijie , Wang Xiaona 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
By releasing a variety of toxins and invasive enzymes, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) attached to the intestinal epithelium triggers receptors on intestinal target cells and activates intracellular signalling pathways, resulting in intestinal inflammation and immunological responses. We developed a model of experimental induction of necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens in order to investigate the intestinal immunomodulatory to inflammatory damage caused by C. perfringenstype A C57-1 infection. Growth rate and feed intake of the challenged chickens reduced, and the intestinal mucosa had varying degrees of injury and necrosis along with widespread inflammatory infiltration. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly reduced in the challenged intestine compared to the control, while the level of Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, and Erysipelotrichalesincreased. The activity of the β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase enzymes in the challenged chickens was also significantly higher. The Th17/Treg balance in the gut was upset, and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-1β and IL-13 also elevated dramatically, which together synergistically induced inflammation. As the inflammation intensified, TGF-4 and IL-2 levels in the gut of the challenge group fell at first and then moderately recovered in comparison to the control group. Immunomodulated by Th2 and Th17 immunity, the challenged chickens were able to produce specific IgY against C. perfringens C57-1, thus exerting limited anti-inflammatory effects. From the standpoint of immunological prevention, this study established a theoretical foundation for C. perfringens infection.
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring as an Added Safety Measure to Prevent Iatrogenic Injury in Chiari I Malformation Surgery
Authors: Sweeney Jared F. , Holdaway Matthew , Bandlamuri Sruti , Adamo Matthew A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
PURPOSE
To assess the surgical utility of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) as a safety measure to ensure safe operative conditions in Chiari I malformation patients undergoing FMD.
METHODS
This represents a retrospective cohort study examining symptomatic Chiari I malformation patients at one tertiary care center that underwent FMD using IONM between January 2017 and 2022. Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP), and electromyography (EMG) were utilized in all cases. Patients with and without IONM changes were directly compared. Linear regression analysis was completed to identify variables predictive of IONM changes.
RESULTS
Forty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, with ages ranging from 1 to 52 years (mean 15 years). The incidence of co-existing syringomyelia was 40% (n = 19), scoliosis 15% (n = 7), and tethered cord 0%. Four patients (8%) experienced IONM changes intraoperatively, all manifesting as decreases in MEPs. These were corrected by increasing mean arterial pressure (n = 1) or patient and head and neck repositioning (n = 3). Scoliosis predicted IONM changes (Beta 0.30, p = 0.04). Absence of syringomyelia trended towards predicting against IONM changes, however this did not reach significance (Beta − 0.24, p = 0.09).
CONCLUSION
IONM may be a useful tool to help facilitate safe FMD in Chiari I malformation patients. While this represents a single center experience with a small patient sample size, our data suggests that the utilization of IONM as a safety measure to prevent iatrogenic temporary or permanent neurologic deficit may be beneficial and warrants further study.