bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultracool dwarfs candidates based on 6 yr of the Dark Energy Survey data
Authors: dal Ponte M , Santiago B , Carnero Rosell A , De Paris L , Pace A B , Bechtol K , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Alves O , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bocquet S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Kind M Carrasco , Carretero J , Conselice C , Costanzi M , Desai S , De Vicente J , Doel P , Everett S , Ferrero I , Flaugher B , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Gruendl R A , Gruen D , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Marshall J L , Mena-Fernández J , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Pereira M E S , Plazas Malagón A A , Pieres A , Raveri M , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Weaverdyck N ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a sample of 19 583 ultracool dwarf candidates brighter than z ≤23 selected from the Dark Energy Survey DR2 coadd data matched to VHS DR6, VIKING DR5, and AllWISE covering ∼ 480 deg2. The ultracool candidates were first pre-selected based on their (i–z), (z–Y), and (Y–J) colours. They were further classified using a method that compares their optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared colours against templates of M, L, and T dwarfs. 14 099 objects are presented as new L and T candidates and the remaining objects are from the literature, including 5342 candidates from our previous work. Using this new and deeper sample of ultracool dwarf candidates we also present: 20 new candidate members to nearby young moving groups and associations, variable candidate sources and four new wide binary systems composed of two ultracool dwarfs. Finally, we also show the spectra of 12 new ultracool dwarfs discovered by our group and presented here for the first time. These spectroscopically confirmed objects are a sanity check of our selection of ultracool dwarfs and photometric classification method.
Quantum Political Science: Learning About Politics from Egypt
Authors: Anderson Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Mona El-Ghobashy’s Bread and Freedom: Egypt’s Revolutionary Situation makes three important contributions to political science. First, it is a sensitive and perceptive account of the years of upheaval in Egypt between the 2011 uprising against Hosni Mubarak and the election of Abdelfattah el-Sisi in 2014. Second, in recounting this history, El-Ghobashy moves political science beyond typologizing, urging us away from assigning labels to instead examining the practices by which each government ruled, how the ruled reacted, and how these interactions shaped the trajectory of political change. In doing so, El-Ghobashy makes the case for focusing on contingency itself as an analytical frame, offering an ambitious argument about the nature of social science as it addresses uncertainty.
Integrating Fossil Flowers into the Angiosperm Phylogeny Using Molecular and Morphological Evidence
Authors: López-Martínez Andrea M , Schönenberger Jürg , von Balthazar Maria , González-Martínez César A , Ramírez-Barahona Santiago , Sauquet Hervé , Magallón Susana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fossils are essential to infer past evolutionary processes. The assignment of fossils to extant clades has traditionally relied on morphological similarity and on apomorphies shared with extant taxa. The use of explicit phylogenetic analyses to establish fossil affinities has so far remained limited. In this study, we built a comprehensive framework to investigate the phylogenetic placement of 24 exceptionally preserved fossil flowers. For this, we assembled a new species-level data set of 30 floral traits for 1201 extant species that were sampled to capture the stem and crown nodes of all angiosperm families. We explored multiple analytical approaches to integrate the fossils into the phylogeny, including different phylogenetic estimation methods, topological-constrained analyses, and combining molecular and morphological data of extant and fossil species. Our results were widely consistent across approaches and showed minor differences in the support of fossils at different phylogenetic positions. The placement of some fossils agrees with previously suggested relationships, but for others, a new placement is inferred. We also identified fossils that are well supported within particular extant families, whereas others showed high phylogenetic uncertainty. Finally, we present recommendations for future analyses combining molecular and morphological evidence, regarding the selection of fossils and appropriate methodologies, and provide some perspectives on how to integrate fossils into the investigation of divergence times and the temporal evolution of morphological traits. [Angiosperms; fossil flowers; phylogenetic uncertainty; RoguePlots.]
Analgesia after cesarean section – what is new?
Authors: Lewald Heidrun , Girard Thierry 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Cesarean section is the most frequent surgical intervention, and pain following cesarean delivery unfortunately remains a common issue. The purpose of this article is to highlight the most effective and efficient options for postcesarean analgesia and to summarize current guidelines.

Recent findings
The most effective form of postoperative analgesia is through neuraxial morphine. With adequate dosing, clinically relevant respiratory depression is extremely rare. It is important to identify women with increased risk of respiratory depression, as they might require more intensive postoperative monitoring. If neuraxial morphine cannot be used, abdominal wall block or surgical wound infiltration are very valuable alternatives. A multimodal regimen with intraoperative intravenous dexamethasone, fixed doses of paracetamol/acetaminophen, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce postcesarean opioid use. As the use of postoperative lumbar epidural analgesia impairs mobilization, double epidural catheters with lower thoracic epidural analgesia are a possible alternative.

Summary
Adequate analgesia following cesarean delivery is still underused. Simple measures, such as multimodal analgesia regimens should be standardized according to institutional circumstances and defined as part of a treatment plan. Neuraxial morphine should be used whenever possible. If it cannot be used, abdominal wall blocks or surgical wound infiltration are good alternatives.
A Preliminary Study of Immediate Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Stage III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Kai-Xin , Pan Yi-fei , Dai Rui-shuai , Xu Ling-Sha , Zhu Bo-Wang , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Hu Yi-wang 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
Investigate the survival of patients with stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with immediate postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Methods:
The clinical data of 195 patients with stage III CRC admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group, both groups were treated with the routine laparoscopic radical operation, on the basis of which, the patients in the observation group were treated with intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy during the operation. The local recurrence, abdominal cavity metastasis, and liver metastasis were followed up, and the time of disease recurrence and total survival were recorded.

Results:
The survival analysis showed that there was a significant difference in progression-free survival (χ2 = 5.416, P = 0.020) and overall survival (χ2 = 4.673, P = 0.031) between the observation group and the control group.

Conclusions:
During laparoscopic radical resection of CRC, the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with raltitrexed can achieve satisfactory results and improve the survival rate of patients with stage III CRC, perioperative use of raltitrexed has been shown to be beneficial in terms of overall survival and progression-free survival.
Overexpression of NgBR inhibits high-fat diet–induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficiency mice
Authors: Gong Ke , Wang Mengyao , Wang Dandan , Gao Yongyao , Ma Likun , Yang Xiaoxiao , Zhu Xinran , Chen Shasha , Zhang Mengxue , Li Huaxin , Chen Yuanli , Hu Wenquan , Miao Qing R. , Iwakiri Yasuko , Liao Chenzhong , Duan Yajun , Han Jihong 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) plays important roles in hepatic steatosis and cholesterol transport. However, the effect of NgBR overexpression on atherosclerosis remains unknown.

Materials and Methods:
Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice infected with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-NgBR expression vector were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, followed by determination of atherosclerosis and the involved mechanisms.

Results:
We determined that high expression of NgBR by AAV injection mainly occurs in the liver and it can substantially inhibit en face and aortic root sinus lesions. NgBR overexpression also reduced levels of inflammatory factors in the aortic root and serum, and levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acids in the liver and serum. Mechanistically, NgBR overexpression increased the expression of scavenger receptor type BI and the genes for bile acid synthesis, and decreased the expression of cholesterol synthesis genes by reducing sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 maturation in the liver, thereby reducing hypercholesterolemia. In addition, NgBR overexpression activated AMP-activated protein kinase α via the Ca2+ signaling pathway, which inhibited fat synthesis and improved hypertriglyceridemia.

Conclusions:
Taken together, our study demonstrates that overexpression of NgBR enhanced cholesterol metabolism and inhibited cholesterol/fatty acid synthesis to reduce hyperlipidemia, and reduced vascular inflammation, thereby inhibiting atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Our study indicates that NgBR might be a potential target for atherosclerosis treatment.
American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) International Multidisciplinary Roundtable report on physical activity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Stine Jonathan G. , Long Michelle T. , Corey Kathleen E. , Sallis Robert E. , Allen Alina M. , Armstrong Matthew J. , Conroy David E. , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Duarte-Rojo Andres , Hallsworth Kate , Hickman Ingrid J. , Kappus Matthew R. , Keating Shelley E. , Pugh Christopher J.A. , Rotman Yaron , Simon Tracey G. , Vilar-Gomez Eduardo , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:
We present findings from the inaugural American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) International Multidisciplinary Roundtable, which was convened to evaluate the evidence for physical activity as a means of preventing or modifying the course of NAFLD.

Approach and Results:
A scoping review was conducted to map the scientific literature and identify key concepts, research gaps, and evidence available to inform clinical practice, policymaking, and research. The scientific evidence demonstrated regular physical activity is associated with decreased risk of NAFLD development. Low physical activity is associated with a greater risk for disease progression and extrahepatic cancer. During routine health care visits, all patients with NAFLD should be screened for and counseled about physical activity benefits, including reduction in liver fat and improvement in body composition, fitness, and quality of life. While most physical activity benefits occur without clinically significant weight loss, evidence remains limited regarding the association between physical activity and liver fibrosis. At least 150 min/wk of moderate or 75 min/wk of vigorous-intensity physical activity are recommended for all patients with NAFLD. If a formal exercise training program is prescribed, aerobic exercise with the addition of resistance training is preferred.

Conclusions:
The panel found consistent and compelling evidence that regular physical activity plays an important role in preventing NAFLD and improving intermediate clinical outcomes. Health care, fitness, and public health professionals are strongly encouraged to disseminate the information in this report. Future research should prioritize determining optimal strategies for promoting physical activity among individuals at risk and in those already diagnosed with NAFLD.
Visualizing in situ viral replication across the natural history of chronic HBV infection
Authors: Zhang Hanyue , Zhang Miaoqu , Zhang Qiran , Yu Yiqi , Zhang Fan , Wang Jing , Zhou Mingzhe , Yu Tong , Shen Chuan , Yu Shuili , Huang Yanfang , Huang Yuxian , Zhang Jiming , Jin Jie , Qiu Chao , Guojun Li , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:
Chronic HBV infection evolves through different phases. Interactions between viral replication and the host immune response in the liver underlie the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to directly visualize the HBV replication intermediates at a single-cell resolution inscribed on morphological changes corresponding to disease activity.

Methods:
A set of archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver needle biopsies from treatment-naïve patients were collected and categorized into phases according to the American Association for the Study of the Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines. HBV RNA and DNA were detected using in situ hybridization assays.

Results:
The hepatocytes were ubiquitously infected in subjects with immune tolerance, and their percentage was gradually decreased in immune-active and inactive chronic hepatitis B phases. HBV-infected hepatocytes were prone to localize close to fibrous septa. The subcellular distribution of signals was able to distinguish hepatocytes with productive infection from those harboring HBV integrants and transcriptionally inactive covalently closed circular DNAs. A smaller number of hepatocytes with productive infection and more harboring transcriptionally inactive covalently closed circular DNA or HBV integrants became apparent in the inactive chronic hepatitis B phase.

Conclusion:
An atlas of in situ characteristics of viral-host interactions for each phase is described, which sheds light on the nature of viral replication and disease pathogenesis among the phases of chronic HBV infection.
The association between mental illness and all-cause mortality in patients with cirrhosis: a Veterans Affairs retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shaffer Lauren R. , Kaplan David E. , Taddei Tamar H. , Mahmud Nadim 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Mental health diagnoses are common and known to impact key outcomes in patients with chronic illnesses including cirrhosis. However, the independent impact of psychiatric comorbidities on mortality in these patients and potential mitigating effects of outpatient mental health–related care has not been well characterized.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis in the Veterans Health Administration between 2008 and 2021. Adjusted Cox regression was performed to evaluate the association between mental health–related diagnoses [groups: alcohol use disorder (AUD)/substance use disorder (SUD) alone, non-AUD/SUD alone, and any mental health diagnosis (AUD/SUD or non-AUD/SUD)] and all-cause mortality. In subgroup analyses, the impact of regular outpatient mental health visits was also assessed.

Results:
We identified 115,409 patients, 81.7% of whom had any mental health diagnosis at baseline. During the study window there was a significant increase in the number of mental health clinic visits per person-year (β=0.078, 95% CI: 0.065–0.092, p < 0.001), but a decrease in AUD/SUD clinic utilization (p < 0.001). In regression models, there was a 54% increased hazard in all-cause mortality for any mental health diagnosis, 11% for non-AUD/SUD, and 44% for AUD/SUD (each p < 0.001). Regular mental health visits resulted in a 21% decreased risk in all-cause mortality for AUD/SUD diagnosis, compared with 3% and 9% for any mental health diagnosis and non-AUD/SUD diagnosis, respectively (each p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Mental illness is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in veterans with cirrhosis. Regular outpatient mental health care may be protective against all-cause mortality, particularly among patients with AUD/SUD. Future studies should focus on relevant clinical practice changes, including implementing integrated care programs.
Predicting liver-related events in NAFLD: A predictive model
Authors: Calzadilla-Bertot Luis , Jeffrey Gary P. , Wang Zhengyi , Huang Yi , Garas George , Wallace Michael , de Boer Bastiaan , George Jacob , Eslam Mohammed , Phu Amy , Ampuero Javier , Lucena Valera Ana , Romero-Gómez Manuel , Aller de la Fuente Rocio , Adams Leon A. 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:
Management of NAFLD involves noninvasive prediction of fibrosis, which is a surrogate for patient outcomes. We aimed to develop and validate a model predictive of liver-related events (LREs) of decompensation and/or HCC and compare its accuracy with fibrosis models.

Approach and Results:
Patients with NAFLD from Australia and Spain who were followed for up to 28 years formed derivation (n = 584) and validation (n = 477) cohorts. Competing risk regression and information criteria were used for model development. Accuracy was compared with fibrosis models using time-dependent AUC analysis. During follow-up, LREs occurred in 52 (9%) and 11 (2.3%) patients in derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Age, type 2 diabetes, albumin, bilirubin, platelet count, and international normalized ratio were independent predictors of LRE and were combined into a model [NAFLD outcomes score (NOS)]. The NOS model calibrated well [calibration slope, 0.99 (derivation), 0.98 (validation)] with excellent overall performance [integrated Brier score, 0.07 (derivation) and 0.01 (validation)]. A cutoff ≥1.3 identified subjects at a higher risk of LRE, (sub-HR 24.6, p < 0.001, 5-year cumulative incidence 38% vs 1.0%, respectively). The predictive accuracy at 5 and 10 years was excellent in both derivation (time-dependent AUC,0.92 and 0.90, respectively) and validation cohorts (time-dependent AUC,0.80 and 0.82, respectively). The NOS was more accurate than the fibrosis-4 or NAFLD fibrosis score for predicting LREs at 5 and 10 years (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The NOS model consists of readily available measures and has greater accuracy in predicting outcomes in patients with NAFLD than existing fibrosis models.
Quantifying days at home in patients with cirrhosis: A national cohort study
Authors: Elhence Hirsh , Dodge Jennifer L. , Farias Albert J. , Lee Brian P. 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:
Days at home (DAH) is a patient-centric metric developed by the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, capturing annual health care use, including and beyond hospitalizations and mortality. We quantified DAH and assessed factors associated with DAH differences among patients with cirrhosis.

Approach and Results:
Using a national claims database (Optum) between 2014 and 2018, we calculated DAH (365 minus mortality, inpatient, observation, postacute, and emergency department days). Among 20,776,597 patients, 63,477 had cirrhosis (median age, 66, 52% males, and 63% non-Hispanic White). Age-adjusted mean DAH for cirrhosis was 335.1 days (95% CI: 335.0 to 335.2) vs 360.1 (95% CI: 360.1 to 360.1) without cirrhosis. In mixed-effects linear regression, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, patients with decompensated cirrhosis spent 15.2 days (95% CI: 14.4 to 15.8) in postacute, emergency, and observation settings and 13.8 days (95% CI: 13.5 to 14.0) hospitalized. Hepatic encephalopathy (−29.2 d, 95% CI: −30.4 to −28.0), ascites (−34.6 d, 95% CI: −35.3 to −33.9), and combined ascites and hepatic encephalopathy (−63.8 d, 95% CI: −65.0 to −62.6) were associated with decreased DAH. Variceal bleeding was not associated with a change in DAH (−0.2 d, 95% CI: −1.6 to +1.1). Among hospitalized patients, during the 365 days after index hospitalization, patients with cirrhosis had fewer age-adjusted DAH (272.8 d, 95% CI: 271.5 to 274.1) than congestive heart failure (288.0 d, 95% CI: 287.7 to 288.3) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (296.6 d, 95% CI: 296.3 to 297.0).

Conclusions:
In this national study, we found that patients with cirrhosis spend as many, if not more, cumulative days receiving postacute, emergency, and observational care, as hospitalized care. Ultimately, up to 2 months of DAH are lost annually with the onset of liver decompensation. DAH may be a useful metric for patients and health systems alike.
Refractive surgery for the glaucoma suspect
Authors: Hein J. Christian , Tauber Jenna , Shrivastava Anurag 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to provide an update on perioperative considerations in the evaluation and management of patients undergoing primary corneal and intraocular refractive procedures who are at risk for progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Recent findings
The necessity of a comprehensive baseline assessment prior to refractive procedures with structural and functional testing, along with documentation of preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, is highlighted in recent literature. Substantiation of the increased risk of postoperative IOP elevation in keratorefractive procedures in patients with higher baseline IOP and lower baseline CCT, but not necessarily the degree of myopia, has been variably evidenced. Tonometry methods which are less influenced by postoperative corneal structural change should be considered in patients undergoing keratorefractive procedures. Vigilence in postoperative monitoring for progressive optic neuropathy is suggested given evidence of an increased risk of steroid-response glaucoma in these patients. Additional evidence for the IOP-lowering impact of cataract surgery in patients with an increased risk of glaucoma is provided, irrespective of intraocular lens choice.

Summary
Performing refractive procedures on patients at risk for glaucoma remains controversial. Definitive steps to optimize patient selection along with vigilance in disease state monitoring with longitudinal structural and functional testing can help mitigate potential adverse events.
Multidrug-resistant organisms in lung transplant: a narrative review
Authors: Congedi Sabrina , Navalesi Paolo , Boscolo Annalisa 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this narrative review is presenting the current knowledge of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in lung transplant recipients, considering both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Recent findings
Overall prevalence of Gram-negative pathogens has increased remarkably (4.33/1000 recipient-days) in solid organ transplant recipients, while the prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria seems to be decreasing (0.20 cases/100 transplant-years). In lung transplant, the prevalence of postoperative infections due to MDR-GN bacteria has been assessed between 31 and 57%, and the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales is between 0.4 and 20%, with a related mortality up to 70%. MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in lung transplant recipients with cystic fibrosis and may contribute to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. The prevalence of MDR Gram-positive bacteria is around 30% (predominantly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococcus).

Summary
Survival after lung transplant, although lower than in other SOT, is increasing and currently at 60% at 5 years. This review highlights the potential clinical and social burden of postoperative infections in lung transplant recipients, and confirmed that a PI due to MDR bacteria negatively affects survival. A prompt diagnosis, prevention and management of these MDR pathogens should remain the cornerstone for higher goals of care.