bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid regulation of neurons in the dentate gyrus during epileptogenesis: Role of CB1R‐associated proteins and downstream pathways
Authors: Lafourcade Carlos A. , Sparks Fraser T. , Bordey Angelique , Wyneken Ursula , Mohammadi Michael H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe hippocampal formation plays a central role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a disease characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic discharges. TLE is a neurologic disorder characterized by acute long‐lasting seizures (i.e., abnormal electrical activity in the brain) or seizures that occur in close proximity without recovery, typically after a brain injury or status epilepticus. After status epilepticus, epileptogenic hyperexcitability develops gradually over the following months to years, resulting in the emergence of chronic, recurrent seizures. Acting as a filter or gate, the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) normally prevents excessive excitation from propagating through the hippocampus, and is considered a critical region in the progression of epileptogenesis in pathological conditions. Importantly, lipid‐derived endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), which are produced on demand as retrograde messengers, are central regulators of neuronal activity in the DG circuit. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the role of the DG in controlling hyperexcitability and propose how DG regulation by cannabinoids (CBs) could provide avenues for therapeutic interventions. We also highlight possible pathways and manipulations that could be relevant for the control of hyperexcitation. The use of CB compounds to treat epilepsies is controversial, as anecdotal evidence is not always validated by clinical trials. Recent publications shed light on the importance of the DG as a region regulating incoming hippocampal excitability during epileptogenesis. We review recent findings concerning the modulation of the hippocampal DG circuitry by CBs and discuss putative underlying pathways. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which CBs exert their action during seizures may be useful to improve therapies.
Should substitution monotherapy or combination therapy be used after failure of the first antiseizure medication? Observations from a 30‐year cohort study
Authors: Hakeem Haris , Alsfouk Bshra Ali A. , Kwan Patrick , Brodie Martin J. , Chen Zhibin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the temporal trends in the use of second antiseizure (ASM) regimens and compare the efficacy of substitution monotherapy and combination therapy after failure of initial monotherapy in people with epilepsy.MethodsThis was a longitudinal observational cohort study conducted at the Epilepsy Unit of the Western Infirmary in Glasgow, Scotland. We included patients who were newly treated for epilepsy with ASMs between July 1982, and October 2012. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Seizure freedom was defined as no seizure for at least 1 year on unchanged medication at the last follow up.ResultsDuring the study period, 498 patients were treated with a second ASM regimen after failure of the initial ASM monotherapy, of whom 346 (69%) were prescribed combination therapy and 152 (31%) were given substitution monotherapy. The proportion of patients receiving second regimen as combination therapy increased during the study period from 46% in first epoch (1985–1994) to 78% in the last (2005–2015) (RR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17–2.36, corrected‐p = .010). Overall, 21% (104/498) of the patients achieved seizure freedom on the second ASM regimen, which was less than half of the seizure‐free rate on the initial ASM monotherapy (45%, p < .001). Patients who received substitution monotherapy had similar seizure‐free rate compared with those who received combination therapy (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.81–1.69, p = .41). Individual ASMs used, either alone or in combination, had similar efficacy. However, the subgroup analysis was limited by small sample sizes.SignificanceThe choice of second regimen used based on clinical judgment was not associated with treatment outcome in patients whose initial monotherapy failed due to poor seizure control. Alternative approaches such as machine learning should be explored to aid individualized selection of the second ASM regimen.
A comparative study between angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (thiorphan/irbesartan) with each of nitrate and carvedilol in a rat model of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury
Authors: Mohammed Abdulsalam Takwa , Hasanin Amany H. , Hussein Mohamed Reham , Khairy Eman , Mahmoud Dalia , Habib Eman K. , Badawy Ahmed El Sayed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe combined angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor is a promising cardioprotective pharmacological agent. This study investigated the beneficial effects of thiorphan (TH)/irbesartan (IRB), in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, compared to each of nitroglycerin and carvedilol. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (10 rats/group): Sham, untreated I/R, TH/IRB + IR (0.1/10 mg/kg), nitroglycerin + IR (0.2 mg/kg), and carvedilol + IR (10 mg/kg). Mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac functions and arrhythmia incidence, duration and score were assessed. Cardiac levels of creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB), oxidative stress, endothelin‐1, ATP, Na+/K+ ATPase pump activity and mitochondria complexes activities were measured. Histopathological examination, Bcl/Bax immunohistochemistry studies and electron microscopy examination of left ventricle were performed. TH/IRB preserved the cardiac functions and mitochondrial complexes activities, mitigated cardiac damage, reduced oxidative stress and arrhythmia severity, improved the histopathological changes and decreased cardiac apoptosis. TH/IRB showed a comparable effect to each of nitroglycerin and carvedilol in alleviating the IR injury consequences. TH/IRB showed significant preservation of mitochondrial complexes activity I and II compared to nitroglycerin. TH/IRB significantly increased LVdP/dtmax and decreased oxidative stress, cardiac damage and endothelin‐1 along with increasing the ATP content, Na+/K+ ATPase pump activity and mitochondrial complexes activity when compared to carvedilol. TH/IRB showed a cardioprotective effect in reducing IR injury that is comparable to each of nitroglycerin and carvedilol that could be explained in part by its ability to preserve mitochondrial function, increase ATP, decrease oxidative stress as well as endothelin 1.
Inhibition of NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus by anacardic acids isolated from the cashew nutshell liquid of Anacardium occidentale L.
Authors: Lima Junior Paulo Sousa , Nascimento Hugo José Lopes , Nascimento de Sousa Jonas , Araújo de Alcântara Oliveira Felipe , Maria Duarte Lemos Gabriella , de Andrade Ferreira Barreto Júlia , Kenned Silva Moura Arkellau , Haydée Lima Ferreira Josie , das Graças Lopes Citó Antonia Maria , de Oliveira Mauro Macêdo , Emidio Sampaio Nogueira Carlos , Douglas Melo Coutinho Henrique , Medeiros Barreto Humberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rising of diseases caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria has encouraged researchers to explore more antimicrobial substances, as well as chemicals capable of potentiating the action of existing ones against multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Anacardium occidentale produces a fruit known as cashew nut, filled with a dark, almost black, caustic, and flammable liquid called cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL). The goal of the study was to evaluate the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of the major compounds present in CNSL, called anacardic acids (AA), as well as their possible modulatory action as an adjuvant of Norfloxacin against a Staphylococcus aureus strain overproducing the NorA efflux pump (SA1199B). Microdilution assays were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AA against different microbial species. Norfloxacin and Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) resistance modulation assays were performed in the presence or absence of AA against SA1199‐B. AA showed antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacterial strains tested but no activity against Gram‐negative bacteria or yeast strains. At subinhibitory concentration, AA reduced the MIC values for Norfloxacin and EtBr against the SA1199‐B strain. Furthermore, AA increased the intracellular accumulation of EtBr in this NorA overproducer strain, indicating that AA are NorA inhibitors. Docking analysis showed that AA probably modulates Norfloxacin efflux by spatial impediment at the same binding site of NorA.
Zine infrastructures as forms of organizing within feminist social movements
Authors: Matich Maggie , Parsons Elizabeth , Ashman Rachel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper explores how feminist social movements are organized and re‐generated across and through different media, both online and offline, using the example of zines. We critically examine the emergence and growth of an intersectional feminist zine community through a 6‐year in‐depth qualitative netnographic and ethnographic study. Theoretically, we build on work concerning feminist digital information and archival infrastructures, bringing it together with work on feminist digital activism. We make three key contributions: first to theorize zines and their communities as infrastructures, which cut across the social, digital, and material. Second in understanding the political potential of engagements in zine infrastructures in which the individual and collective are entangled, and third in revealing how the current generation of young feminists move across and work at the interfaces of formats to benefit from their synergistic, but also their agonistic, relations to form new affective solidarities.
Libertad de asociación, libertad sindical y negociación colectiva como derechos humanos en la economía de plataformas en un contexto de creciente movilización laboral
Authors: STYLOGIANNIS Charalampos 
Published: March 2023

ResumenEl presente estudio tiene por objeto el ejercicio de los derechos de libertad de asociación, libertad sindical y negociación colectiva de los trabajadores de plataformas, a la luz de las recientes experiencias de organización colectiva en todo el mundo, desde una perspectiva que inscribe esos derechos en el marco de los derechos humanos. La rápida evolución del mundo del trabajo trae consigo profundos cambios que invitan a adoptar un enfoque capaz de extender la protección a todos los trabajadores, independientemente de su situación laboral, al amparo de derechos que —como la negociación colectiva— emanan de instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos.
Assembling the layers of the hematopoietic system: A window of opportunity for thymopoiesis in the embryo
Authors: Soares‐da‐Silva Francisca , Elsaid Ramy , Peixoto Marcia Mesquita , Nogueira Gonçalo , Pereira Pablo , Bandeira Antonio , Cumano Ana 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDuring embryonic development, several independent generations of hematopoietic cells were identified. They occur in the yolk sac and the intra‐embryonic major arteries, in a narrow window of development. They arise sequentially, starting with primitive erythrocytes in the yolk sac blood islands, progressing to less differentiated erythromyeloid progenitors still in the yolk sac, and culminating with multipotent progenitors, some of which will generate the adult hematopoietic stem cell compartment. All these cells contribute to the formation of a layered hematopoietic system that reflects adaptative strategies to the fetal environment and the embryo's needs. It is mostly composed, at these stages, of erythrocytes and tissue‐resident macrophages both of yolk sac origin, the latter persisting throughout life. We propose that subsets of lymphocytes of embryonic origin derive from a different intra‐embryonic generation of multipotent cells occurring before the emergence of hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. These multipotent cells have a limited lifespan and generate cells that provide basic protection against pathogens before the adaptive immune system is functional, contribute to tissue development and homeostasis, and shape the establishment of a functional thymus. Understanding the properties of these cells will impact the understanding of childhood leukemia and of adult autoimmune pathology and thymic involution.
Parent and staff perceptions of patient and family‐centred care in a Brazilian paediatric's hospital: Quantitative study
Authors: Petersen Cristina Buischi , de Lima Regina Aparecida Garcia , Balieiro Maria Magda Ferreira Gomes , Mandetta Myriam Aparecida 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient and family‐centred care (PFCC) is a healthcare model has been acknowledged as the central pillar in the paediatric health care that recognizes the family's role and experience in the health care delivery.AimsThis study investigated and compared the perception of PFCC from the perspective of staff and parents of hospitalized children and adolescents.MethodsA quantitative and comparative cross‐sectional survey was used in a convenience sample of 105 staff and 116 parents, who completed the Brazilian versions of the Perceptions of Family Centred Care—Parent and Staff questionnaires, with additional questions on their characteristics. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used, as well as the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests and Spearman's correlation coefficient.ResultsBoth parents and staff responses were positive and parents had significantly higher scores for 19 of the 20 items (p < 0.001). The item related to parental participation did not show any significant difference between the groups.ConclusionThe positive perception of PFCC for both groups is consistent with recommendations for expanded care that includes patient and family in healthcare settings. Parents' perception was more positive than staff perceptions of their delivery of family‐centred care in hospital. The lowest score for the parent support subscale in both groups requires investigation.
Combining atomic force microscopy with complementary techniques for multidimensional single‐cell analysis
Authors: Li Mi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides an amazing instrument for characterising the structures and properties of living biological systems under aqueous conditions with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. In addition to its own unique capabilities for applications in life sciences, AFM is highly compatible and has been widely integrated with various complementary techniques to simultaneously sense the multidimensional (biological, chemical and physical) properties of biological systems, offering novel possibilities for comprehensively revealing the underlying mechanisms guiding life activities particularly in the studies of single cells. Herein, typical combinations of AFM and complementary techniques (including optical microscopy, ultrasound, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluidic force microscopy and traction force microscopy) and their applications in single‐cell analysis are reviewed. The future perspectives are also provided.
Astrocytic purinergic signalling contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain via modulation of glutamate release
Authors: Liu Suting , Cheng Hao , Cui Liying , Jin Li , Li Yunzi , Zhu Chao , Ji Qing , Tang Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough activation of astrocytes is critical in developing neuropathic pain (NP) following nerve injury, the underlying mechanisms of NP and therapeutic management for NP are still vague. Importantly, the decreases in the levels of astrocytic glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1) in the spinal dorsal horn result in enhanced excitatory transmission and cause persistent pain. P2Y1 purinergic receptor (P2Y1R) has been shown to enhance many inflammatory processes. The up‐regulated expression of astrocytic P2Y1R is crucial to participate in pain transduction under conditions of nerve injury and peripheral inflammation considering that P2Y1R is potentially involved in glutamate release and synaptic transmission. This study indicates that the expression of P2Y1R in the spinal cord was increased accompanied by the activation of A1 phenotype astrocytes in the rat model of spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Astrocyte‐specific knockdown of P2Y1R alleviated SNL‐induced nociceptive responses and mitigated A1 reactive astrocytes, which subsequently increased GLT‐1 expression. Conversely, in naïve rats, P2Y1R over‐expression induced a canonical NP‐like phenotype and spontaneous hypernociceptive responses and increased the concentration of glutamate in the spinal dorsal horn. Besides, our in vitro data showed that the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor‐alpha contributes to A1/A2 astrocyte reactivity and Ca2+‐dependent release of glutamate. Conclusively, our results provide novel insights that as a significant regulator of astrocytic A1/A2 polarization and neuroinflammation, P2Y1R may represent a potential target for the treatment of SNL‐induced NP.image
Evaluation of a nurse‐led glaucoma assessment clinic for non‐complex patients
Authors: Young Jeanne , Entwistle Lauren , DeSousa Jean‐Louis , Haigh Meredyth , MacDonald Fiona , Hill Kim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the safety, feasibility and effectiveness of a nurse‐led glaucoma assessment clinic service.BackgroundGlaucoma is a group of serious, irreversible optic neuropathies that progressively damage the optic nerve resulting in blindness. Over 64.3 million people globally are affected by glaucoma with numbers projected to increase to 111.8 million by 2040. Glaucoma is a major public health concern that requires the development of innovative models of care to meet current and future health care demands.Methods/DesignA mixed method design was used to evaluate the assessment of non‐complex glaucoma patients attending a new nurse‐led clinic. Under an ophthalmologist's supervision, the glaucoma nurse completed 100 hof clinical training and assessment to ensure they were competent in completing and interpreting the required glaucoma assessment protocols.Interrater reliability between the glaucoma nurse and ophthalmology doctor was undertaken. Glaucoma patient waitlist appointment data were also compared before and after the introduction of the nurse‐led clinics. This study adhered to the SQUIRE checklist for the reporting of excellence with quality improvement projects.Patient ContributionPatients contributed to the evaluation of this new nurse‐led service by providing follow‐up feedback on their experience.ResultsAgreement between clinicians for appropriate follow‐up appointment times was high with 93% (n = 315) agreement achieved. Furthermore in 297 (87.5%) cases, both clinicians agreed on the patient being referred to the doctor for follow‐up review. Glaucoma consultations were shown to increase from 3,115 appointments in 2019/20 to 3,504 appointments in 2020/21 after the introduction of the nurse‐led clinic. The nurse‐led clinics accounted for 14.5% (n = 512) of clinic appointments.ConclusionsThe introduction of the nurse‐led glaucoma assessment clinic service allowed patients to be reviewed safely, efficiently and satisfactorily. This new service subsequently allowed for more complex glaucoma patients to be seen by the ophthalmologists.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings revealed that suitably trained glaucoma nurses are able to clinically assess and safely monitor stable non‐complex glaucoma patients.Highlights the need for appropriate investment in clinical training and supervision to ensure that glaucoma assessment nurses are adequately prepared to undertake this new practice role.
Gestational age‐related changes in cervical gland length in normal singleton pregnancies from 17 to 36 weeks of gestation
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Kawakami Kosuke , Obara Hitoshi , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Ushijima Kimio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the gestational age‐related changes in cervical gland length in relation to cervical length (CL) in normal singleton pregnancies.MethodsWe studied 363 women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy (188 nulliparous and 175 multiparous women with one or more previous transvaginal deliveries). A total of 1138 cervical gland and CLs were measured longitudinally at 17–36 weeks of gestation using transvaginal ultrasonography along the curvature from the external os to the lower uterine segment and the internal end of the cervical gland area (CGA), respectively. Gestational age‐related changes in cervical gland and CLs and their relationships were analyzed using a linear mixed model.ResultsCervical gland and CLs decreased in different ways with advancing gestation depending on parity, and their changes were related to each other. The CGAs in nulliparous women were longer than those in multiparous women at 17–25 weeks of gestation (p < 0.05), but with no differences thereafter. CLs in multiparous women were different from those in nulliparous women at 17–23 and 35–36 weeks (p < 0.05), but there were no differences at 24–34 weeks. The cervix did not shorten compared with the CGA throughout the observational periods in nulliparous and multiparous women.ConclusionsShortening of the cervix indicates changes to the lower uterine segment in normal pregnancies. The cervical gland region can be a useful marker representing the true cervix beyond 25 weeks of gestation, irrespective of parity.
Silent brain infarcts after carotid or vertebrobasilar artery stenting
Authors: Ryu Jae‐Chan , Lee Deok Hee , Chang Jun Young , Kang Dong‐Wha , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Bum Joon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeStenting is an important treatment for preventing stroke. However, the effect of vertebrobasilar stenting (VBS) might be limited because of relatively high periprocedural risks. Silent brain infarcts (SBIs) are known as a predictor for future stroke. Because of anatomical differences, factors for SBIs might be different between carotid artery stenting (CAS) and VBS. We compared the characteristics of SBIs between VBS and CAS.MethodsWe included patients who underwent elective VBS or CAS. Diffusion‐weighted imaging was performed pre‐ and post‐procedure to detect new SBIs. Clinical variables, occurrence of SBIs, and procedure‐related factors were compared between CAS and VBS. Moreover, we investigated predictors of SBIs in each group separately.ResultsNinety‐two (34.2%) out of 269 patients had SBIs. SBIs were more frequently observed in VBS (29 [56.6%] vs. 63 [28.9%], p<.001). The risk of SBIs outside the stent‐inserted vascular territory was higher in VBS compared to CAS (14 [48.3%] vs. 8 [12.7%], p<.001). Larger‐diameter stents (odds ratio: 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.06‐1.54, p = .012) and prolonged procedure time (1.01, [1.00‐1.03], p = .026) increased the risk of SBIs in CAS, whereas only age increased the risk of SBIs in VBS (1.08 [1.01‐1.16], p = .036).ConclusionsCompared to CAS, VBS was associated with longer procedure time, more residual stenosis, and more SBIs, especially outside the stent‐inserted vascular territory. The risk of SBIs after CAS was associated with stent size and procedural difficulty. Only age was associated with SBIs in VBS. The pathomechanism of SBIs after VBS and CAS may be different.