bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional and prospective associations between screen time and childhood neurodevelopment in two Brazilian cohorts born 11 years apart
Authors: de Andrade Leão Otávio Amaral , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Murray Joseph , Santos Iná Silva , Barros Aluisio J. D. , Matijasevich Alicia , Mielke Gregore Iven 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between screen time from ages 2 to 4 years and child neurodevelopment at age 4.MethodsThe participants were from the 2004 (N = 3787) and 2015 (N = 3604) Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort studies. Childhood neurodevelopment was assessed at age 4 using the Battelle Development Inventory. The time children spent on screen devices was reported by their guardians at ages 2 and 4 years. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association of: (i) time spent on television at ages 2 and 4 years; (ii) time spent on other screens at age 4; and (iii) total screen time at age 4 (television + other screens) with childhood neurodevelopment at age 4.ResultsAverage daily screen time among children born in 2004 and those born in 2005 aged 4 years were 3.4 (SD: 2.4) and 4.4 h (SD: 2.9), respectively. Overall, few associations of very small magnitude between screen time and child neurodevelopment were observed. Television time at 2 years of age was statistically associated with lower neurodevelopment at 4 years of age in the 2015 cohort (β = −0.30, 95%CI = −0.55; −0.05). Conversely, television time (β = 0.17, 95%CI = 0.07, 0.26) and total screen time (β = 0.22, 95%CI = 0.13, 0.31) at age 4 were associated with higher neurodevelopment at age 4 in the 2004 cohort.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that the amount of time spent on screen devices might not be associated with neurodevelopment of children under 5 years of age. The small magnitude and inconsistencies in the direction of associations did not find evidence to support the current guidelines for screen time at this age. Therefore, more studies, especially those with longitudinal data, are important to comprehend the true effect of screen time on neurodevelopment and other health outcomes.
Alcohol relapse prevention health care after alcohol withdrawal in New South Wales prisons, Australia: A patient file review
Authors: Liang Yichao , Roberts Jillian , Conigrave Katherine , Kim Sobi , Doyle Michael F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeople who enter custody have complex health issues and comorbidities may include alcohol use disorders. We investigated clinical service provision and comorbidities recorded among individuals with a likely alcohol withdrawal syndrome within prison in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsFor this clinical case series review, electronic medical data were used to identify 50 people entering custody between August and November 2018 who likely had a treated alcohol withdrawal syndrome. We aimed for a 3:2 ratio of men and women, and a 1:1 ratio of Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal individuals. Data were extracted using a purposefully designed tool which included current alcohol withdrawal management, comorbidities and alcohol relapse prevention approaches used or recommended.ResultsThirty‐eight men and 12 women, of whom 22 were Aboriginal, were included. Twenty‐nine individuals (58%) reported a history of medical comorbidities. Thirty‐five (70%) reported using other substances and over half (60%) had a diagnosis of mental health disorders. Fourteen (28%) individuals had a record of receiving brief intervention and five (10%) of motivational interviewing. Twenty‐three individuals (46%) were referred to and seen by drug and alcohol clinicians. Only seven (14%) of the sample had pre‐release community care plans.Discussion and ConclusionsIndividuals treated for an alcohol withdrawal syndrome in New South Wales prisons have a high prevalence of medical comorbidities and other substance use. Clinical interventions focused on alcohol withdrawal management, and relapse prevention interventions were not recorded for most individuals. Service innovation and expansion are needed to increase the provision of post‐withdrawal management.
Pharmacogenetics of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors: Validation of a sex‐agnostic pharmacodynamic biomarker
Authors: Taylor Simeon I. , Cherng Hua‐Ren , Shahidzadeh Yazdi Zhinous , Montasser May E. , Whitlatch Hilary B. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Streeten Elizabeth A. , Beitelshees Amber L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo validate pharmacodynamic responses to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and test for association with genetic variants in SLC5A4, SLC5A9, and SLC2A9.MethodsCanagliflozin (300 mg), a SGLT2 inhibitor, was administered to 30 healthy volunteers. Several endpoints were measured to assess clinically relevant responses, including drug‐induced increases in urinary excretion of glucose, sodium and uric acid.ResultsThis pilot study confirmed that canagliflozin (300 mg) triggered acute changes in mean levels of several biomarkers: fasting plasma glucose (−4.1 mg/dL; P = 6 × 10−5), serum creatinine (+0.05 mg/dL; P = 8 × 10−4) and serum uric acid (−0.90 mg/dL; P = 5 × 10−10). The effects of sex on glucosuria depended upon how data were normalized. Whereas males' responses were ~60% greater when data were normalized to body surface area, males and females exhibited similar responses when glucosuria was expressed as grams of urinary glucose per gram‐creatinine. The magnitude of glucosuria was not significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate or age in those healthy individuals without diabetes with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of more than 60 mL/min/1.73m2.ConclusionsNormalizing data relative to creatinine excretion will facilitate including data from males and females in a single analysis. Furthermore, because our ongoing pharmacogenomic study (NCT02891954) is conducted in healthy individuals, this will facilitate detection of genetic associations with limited confounding by other factors such as HbA1c and renal function.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on domestic violence in Los Angeles
Authors: Miller Amalia R. , Segal Carmit , Spencer Melissa K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFrom the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, policymakers and news reports warned that restrictions on individual mobility and commercial activity could lead to a surge in domestic violence (DV). Some initial studies found evidence of greater DV incidence during the pandemic, but findings were inconsistent across locations and DV measures. This paper focuses on a single major city, Los Angeles (LA), to study the impact of the initial pandemic shutdown. We use three DV measures from police data (911 calls, crime incidents and arrests) as well as two measures from non‐police administrative sources (the county DV hotline and hospital records). We find an increase in DV calls to the police and calls to the hotline. However, we find that DV crimes recorded by police and hospital visits by female assault (and DV) victims decreased significantly, suggesting that the increase in calls came from higher reporting rates. The decrease in DV crimes is not attributable to reductions in policing intensity, as the arrest rate for DV crimes was higher during the shutdown. We conclude that the initial LA shutdown increased the rates at which people contacted authorities about DV, but decreased the overall incidence of physical DV crimes in the population.
Does It Matter How the Rigor of High School Coursework Is Measured? Gaps in Coursework Among Students and Across Grades
Authors: Ogut Burhan , Yee Darrick , Circi Ruhan , Dizdari Nevin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch
shows that the intensity of high school course‐taking is related to postsecondary outcomes. However, there are various approaches to measuring the intensity of students’ course‐taking. This study presents new measures of coursework intensity that rely on differing levels of quantity and quality of coursework. We used these new indices to provide a current description of variations in high school course‐taking across grades and student subgroups using a nationally representative dataset, the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. Results showed that for measures emphasizing the quality of coursework the gaps in coursework among underserved students were larger and there was less upward movement in rigor across grades.
M2CE: Multi‐convolutional neural network ensemble approach for improved multiclass classification of skin lesion
Authors: Gajera Himanshu K. , Nayak Deepak Ranjan , Zaveri Mukesh A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to inter‐class homogeneity and intra‐class variability, the classification of skin lesions in dermoscopy images has remained difficult. Although deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have achieved satisfactory performance for binary skin cancer classification, multiclass skin lesion classification is still an open problem due to the limited training samples and class imbalance issues. To tackle these issues, in this article, we propose a multi‐CNN ensemble approach dubbed for multiclass skin lesion classification. The includes three individual CNN models, each helping in extracting different high‐level features from skin images and thereby yielding different prediction results. First, we design a lightweight CNN model to extract prominent features and train it from scratch, which primarily aims at avoiding the data scarcity problem. Then, we ensemble two different pre‐trained CNN models with the lightweight model to improve the performance and generalization capability. The proposed ensemble approach can effectively fuse the predictions of each individual CNN model using the averaging method. The approach is validated using a benchmark data set, HAM10000, which contains skin lesion images of seven different classes. The results demonstrate that the outperforms base CNN models and state‐of‐the‐art approaches without using any external data.
A comparison of spatial and temporal drivers of stream metabolism
Authors: Munn Mark D. , Konrad Christopher P. , Miller Matthew P. , Jaeger Kristin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Stream metabolism provides insight into the functional processes that regulate trophic status, biomass, and nutrient cycling in streams. Comparative (spatial) analyses of streams generally do not account for shifting at‐site controls on stream metabolism over time and, thus, may not identify the primary controls on cross‐site differences in trophic status, biomass, and nutrient cycling over longer time scales.

The spatial component included assessing environmental factors controlling stream metabolism (daily values) during a summer low‐flow period (August) at 17 wadable stream sites in four regions of the United States. Explanatory variables for the spatial analysis included discrete nutrients and physical parameters.

The temporal component included assessing 12 of the 17 sites with more than 90 days of stream metabolism values, and continuous nitrate, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), turbidity, maximum water temperature (°C) and stream stage (water surface elevation).

Spatial analysis at the 17 sites during August (31 days) found that average gross primary production (GPP) ranged from 0.1 to 4 g O2 m−2 day−1 and ecosystem respiration (ER) from 0.37 to 6.4 g O2 m−2 day−1. Sites were primarily heterotrophic; however, some sites varied from autotrophic to heterotrophic daily. Multiple regression indicated that GPP was a function of orthophosphate, percent canopy cover, and the number of days since a high flow (R2 = 0.51), whereas ER was primarily a function of GPP (R2 = 0.40).

Temporal patterns in daily stream metabolism were evaluated using at‐site autoregressive models at 12 streams with relatively complete, continuous records. PAR, nitrate and maximum water temperature were the dominant variables influencing GPP, and water depth and nitrate were the most common explanatory variables for ER models. The autoregressive components (i.e., GPP or ER for the previous day) had a strong influence on both GPP and ER except after spates, indicating that biomass may be the dominant control on metabolism rather than variability in environmental factors during stable‐flow periods.

We found two dominant temporal metabolism regimes: a seasonal pattern with elevated spring metabolism followed by low stable summer metabolism and a temporally disturbed pattern which tended to occur in streams with frequent spates. These patterns were not indicated by differences in metabolism among streams during stable low‐flow conditions.

Because streams are generally heterotrophic with only limited periods when production may be high, comparative analyses must estimate stream metabolism over a time scale representing at‐site spatial variability and account for controls on periods of high production to adequately characterise differences between streams.
Evaluation of the routine use of E‐cadherin immunohistochemistry in the typing of breast carcinomas: results of a randomized diagnostic study
Authors: Cserni Gábor , Kálmán Endre , Udvarhelyi Nóra , Papp Eszter , Grote Isabel , Bartels Stephan , Christgen Matthias , Kreipe Hans , Kulka Janina 
Published: August 2023

AimsInvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has distinct morphology and association with loss of E‐cadherin function. It has special clinical and imaging features, and its proper recognition is important. Following a recent proposal, we tested the value of the routine use of E‐cadherin immunohistochemistry (IHC) in recognizing ILC.Methods and resultsFive pathologists with experience in breast pathology from four Hungarian institutions histotyped 1001 breast cancers from diagnostic core biopsies or excision specimens randomly assigned to haematoxylin and eosin (HE) diagnosis first, followed by E‐cadherin IHC; or to immediate HE and E‐cadherin‐based diagnosis. Of 524 cases with HE diagnosis, 73(14%) were deemed uncertain. E‐cadherin made the initial histological type change in 14/524 cases (2.7%), including three with confident HE‐based type allocation. Use of E‐cadherin immunostaining was considered useful in 88/477 cases (18%) with immediate dual assessment, and typing uncertainty went down to 5% (25/477 cases), but was not zero. Collective assessment of 171 uncertain, difficult, nonclassical cases resulted in consensus diagnosis in most cases, but 15 cases were still doubtful as concerns their proper histological type.CDH1gene sequencing was attempted and successful in 13; pathogenic genetic alterations were identified in seven cases.ConclusionsThe routine use of E‐cadherin IHC decreases the uncertainty in typing and improves the typing accuracy at the cost of potentially redundant additional immunostains. Furthermore, this procedure does not exclude uncertainty due to E‐cadherin‐positive ILCs, which are occasionally difficult to confidently label as ILC, especially when the growth pattern is not classic.
Evolution of seroprevalence to SARS‐CoV‐2 in blood donors in Sarajevo Canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies
Authors: Musa Sanjin , Catovic Baralija Elma , Ivey Sawin Veronica , Nardone Anthony , Palo Mirza , Skocibusic Sinisa , Blazevic Mia , Cilovic Lagarija Seila , Ahmetovic‐Karic Gorana , Ljuca Alma , Dostovic‐Halilovic Sanela , Nedic Rozalija , Subissi Lorenzo , Ibrahim Rawi , Boshevska Golubinka , Bergeri Isabel , Pebody Richard , Vaughan Aisling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSarajevo Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has recorded several waves of high SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission and has struggled to reach adequate vaccination coverage. We describe the evolution of infection‐ and vaccine‐induced SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response and persistence.MethodsWe conducted repeated cross‐sectional analyses of blood donors aged 18–65 years in Sarajevo Canton in November–December 2020 and 2021. We analyzed serum samples for anti‐nucleocapsid (anti‐N) and anti‐spike (anti‐S) antibodies. To assess immune durability, we conducted longitudinal analyses of seropositive participants at 6 and 12 months.ResultsOne thousand fifteen participants were included in Phase 1 (November–December 2020) and 1152 in Phase 2 (November–December 2021). Seroprevalence increased significantly from 19.2% (95% CI: 17.2%–21.4%) in Phase 1 to 91.6% (95% CI: 89.8%–93.1%) in Phase 2. Anti‐S IgG titers were significantly higher among vaccinated (58.5%) than unvaccinated infected participants across vaccine products (p < 0.001), though highest among those who received an mRNA vaccine. At 6 months, 78/82 (95.1%) participants maintained anti‐spike seropositivity; at 12 months, 58/58 (100.0%) participants were seropositive, and 33 (56.9%) had completed the primary vaccine series within 6 months. Among 11 unvaccinated participants who were not re‐infected at 12 months, anti‐S IgG declined from median 770.1 (IQR 615.0–1321.7) to 290.8 (IQR 175.7–400.3). Anti‐N IgG antibodies waned earlier, from 35.4% seropositive at 6 months to 24.1% at 12 months.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence increased significantly over 12 months from end of 2020 to end of 2021. Although individuals with previous infection may have residual protection, COVID‐19 vaccination is vital to strengthening population immunity.
Bayesian estimates of genetic effects on calf survival in Hardhenu (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) cattle
Authors: Yadav Devesh Kumar , Malik Zile S. , Dash Spandan Shashwat , Pushpa  , Bangar Yogesh C. , Magotra Ankit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to carry out a risk analysis and Bayesian estimates of genetic effects on calf survival in Hardhenu cattle using data records of 2593 calves born to 102 sires and 790 dams over 25 years. The Bayesian analysis using Gibbs sampling was employed towards threshold animal models to estimate direct and maternal effects on animal survival of studied population. The results showed that mortality from birth to 3 months of age (S1), birth to 6 months of age (S2) and birth to 12 months of age (S3) was 10.22, 12.88 and 14.65%, respectively. It was revealed from the results of logistic regression analysis that the male animals had greater risk (1.41–1.61 times) of mortality during S1, S2 and S3 as compared to female animals. However, calves born during rainy season had higher risk (1.36 to 1.44 times) of mortality than calves born during winter season. Among died animals, the simultaneous infection of respiratory and digestive diseases had leading contribution (26.84%–30.19%) to deaths while alone of them contributed to 18%–20% only. On evaluation of six threshold animal models, model 1 was found to be most appropriate model and the Bayesian estimates (95% highest posterior density confidence intervals) of direct additive heritability for S1, S2 and S3 under model 1 were 0.15 ± 0.07 (0.04–0.23), 0.23 ± 0.12, (0.02–0.44) and 0.26 ± 0.06 (0.08–0.41), respectively. It was concluded that the inclusion of survival traits in existing selection criteria may be helpful to increase calf survival and ultimately economic gain in the dairy herd.
Challenges in anti‐aging medicine–trends in biomarker discovery and therapeutic interventions for a healthy lifespan
Authors: Popescu Iuliana , Deelen Joris , Illario Maddalena , Adams Jan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe are facing a growing aging population, along with increasing pressure on health systems, caused by the impact of chronic co‐morbidities (i.e. cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases) and functional disabilities as people age. Relatively simple preventive lifestyle interventions, such as dietary restriction and physical exercise, are important contributors to active and healthy aging in the general population. However, as shown in model organisms or in 'in vitro' conditions, lifestyle‐independent interventions may have additional health benefits and can even be conceived as possible reversers of the aging process. Thus, pharmaceutical laboratories, research institutes, and universities are putting more and more effort into finding new molecular pathways and druggable targets to develop gerotherapeutics. One approach is to target the driving mechanisms of aging, some of which, like cellular senescence and impaired autophagy, we discussed in an update on the biology of aging at AgingFit 2023 in Lille, France. We underline the importance of carefully and extensively testing senotherapeutics, given the pleiotropism and heterogeneity of targeted senescent cells within different organs, at different time frames. Other druggable targets emerging from new putative mechanisms, like those based on transcriptome imbalance, nucleophagy, protein phosphatase depletion, glutamine metabolism, or seno‐antigenicity, have been evidenced by recent preclinical studies in classical models of aging but need to be validated in humans. Finally, we highlight several approaches in the discovery of biomarkers of healthy aging, as well as for the prediction of neurodegenerative diseases and the evaluation of rejuvenation strategies.
Environmental‐relevant bisphenol A exposure promotes ovarian cancer stemness by regulating microRNA biogenesis
Authors: Lam Sophia S. N. , Shi Zeyu , Ip Carman K. M. , Wong Chris K. C. , Wong Alice S. T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental xenobiotic impacting millions of people worldwide. BPA has long been proposed to promote ovarian carcinogenesis, but the detrimental mechanistic target remains unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the trigger of tumour initiation and progression. Here, we show for the first time that nanomolar (environmentally relevant) concentration of BPA can markedly increase the formation and expansion of ovarian CSCs concomitant. This effect is observed in both oestrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ER‐defective ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that is independent of the classical ERs. Rather, the signal is mediated through alternative ER G‐protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), but not oestrogen‐related receptor α and γ. Moreover, we report a novel role of BPA in the regulation of Exportin‐5 that led to dysregulation of microRNA biogenesis through miR‐21. The use of GPR30 siRNA or antagonist to inhibit GPR30 expression or activity, respectively, resulted in significant inhibition of ovarian CSCs. Similarly, the CSCs phenotype can be reversed by expression of Exportin‐5 siRNA. These results identify for the first time non‐classical ER and microRNA dysregulation as novel mediators of low, physiological levels of BPA function in CSCs that may underlie its significant tumour‐promoting properties in ovarian cancer.