bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical enhancement of tumor immunogenicity.
Authors: Eggers A E , Hibbard C A , Civin C I , Wunderlich J R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C57BL/6 spleen cells immunized in vitro against syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma cells(MC-1 cells) modified with various chemical reagents show cytotoxic activity against unmodified MC-1 cells in a short-term 51Cr release assay, whereas unmodified MC-1 cells are nonimmunogenic. The effector cells cross-react widely with many other fibroblastic and epithelioid tumors, even those that are not H-2 matched, as well as with some nonneoplastic cells. Priming mice in vivo with a hapten leads to enhanced anti-tumor cytotoxicity developed by spleen cells from these mice immunized in vitro against tumor cells modified with the same hapten. Cytotoxic activity is largely, but not completely, removed by treatment with anti-theta serum and C. The existence of suppressor cells that can inhibit an anti-tumor response is demonstrasted in in vitro immunizations of mixtures of spleen cells from normal mice and mice primed with mitomyhcin-treated tumor cells, the latter suppressing the former.
Proteolysis of the C5b-7 complex: cleavage of the C5b and C6 subunits and its effect on the interaction of the complex with phospholipid bilayers.
Authors: Yamamoto K I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study was conducted to gain insight into the process of assembly of the C5b-7 complex on the phospholipid bilayer. The C5b-6 complex, C7, and 2 different forms of the C5b-7 complex (the C5b-7 complex either bound to artificial phospholipid bilayers or in fluid phase) were digested with trypsin, and the resulting products were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The alpha'-chains of C5b and C6 in the C5b-6 complex and C7 were susceptible to trypsin. The formation of the C5b-7 complex from the C5b-6 complex and C7 was accompanied by alteration in susceptibility to trypsin to C7: the C7 subunit of the fluid phase complex as well as of the complex bound to phospholipid vesicles is not susceptible to trypsin. On the other hand, the alpha'-chains of C5b and C6 in the C5b-7 complex bound to phospholipid vesicles as well as in fluid phase remained accessible and susceptible to trypsin, and cleaved as in the C5b-6 complex. Upon ultracentrifugation in a sucrose density gradient, the proteolyzed C5b-7 complex in fluid phase dissociated into subunits. However, none of the subunits in the proteolyzed C5b-7 complex bound to phospholipid vesicles dissociated from vesicles upon sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Thus, the molecule of the C5b-7 complex became stable and resistant to proteolytic dissociation upon binding to the phospholipid bilayer. It is proposed that each subunit of the C5b-7 complex participates in the stable interaction of the complex with the phospholipid bilayer. In addition, the possible significance of the alteration in susceptibility to trypsin of C7 associated with the formation of the C5b-7 complex is discussed.
Lymphocyte recognition of lymph node high endothelium. I. Inhibition of in vitro binding by a component of thoracic duct lymph.
Authors: Chin Y H , Carey G D , Woodruff J J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) adhere selectively to HEV when overlaid onto glutaraldehyde-fixed frozen sections of lymph node. The results presented demonstrate that thoracic duct lymph contains a factor capable of inhibiting this reaction. A crude preparation of inhibitory factor was isolated from cell and chylomicron-free lymph by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation (60 to 80% saturation). Sephacryl S-200 chromatography revealed 4 major peaks. The inhibitory factor was detected in peak I but not in the others. Similarly peak I but not peak II or III inhibited HEV binding of lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen. Peak I emerged near aldolase (m.w. 160,000) and was enriched approximately 50-fold compared to the crude preparation. In addition, experiments employing a rabbit peak I antiserum provided evidence that molecules responsible for inhibition were antigenically related to structures present on TDL but not on thymocytes. It is suggested that inhibitory factor possesses an affinity for lymphocyte binding sites of high endothelium and is derived from shed TDL surface components that play a role in adherence to HEV of lymph nodes.
Lymphocyte recognition of lymph node high endothelium. II. Characterization of an in vitro inhibitory factor isolated by antibody affinity chromatography.
Authors: Chin Y H , Carey G D , Woodruff J J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thoracic duct lymph contains a factor that inhibits in vitro adhesion between lymphocytes and high endothelial cells. Crude inhibitory factor was isolated from lymph by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and partially purified by using an immunoabsorbant column of rabbit anti peak I Ig coupled to Sepharose 4B. Antibody affinity chromatography separated the HEV binding inhibitory factor from the bulk of protein in the crude preparation; activity was enriched 50-fold. The results show that the effect of the factor was exerted on high endothelial cells; both glutaraldehyde-fixed HEV and unfixed mouse HEV were susceptible to the action of this material. In contrast, the HEV binding properties of lymphocytes were unaffected by the factor. Inhibitory activity was destroyed by treatment with trypsin or exposure to 100 degrees C but was unaffected by incubation at 56 or 70 degrees C for 30 min. In addition, the factor bound to lentil lectin and was eluted with alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. Together these findings indicate that the HEV binding inhibitory factor is a glycoprotein.
Use of benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-arginine (3H) methyl ester as a sensitive and selective substrate for the human lymphokine, leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF).
Authors: Bendtzen K , Rocklin R E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) appears to be a serine esterase and protease exhibiting specific affinity towards arginine esters and amides. On the basis of indirect evidence that an amide of the oligopeptide benzoyl-phenylalanyl-valyl-arginine might have high and selective affinity for LIF, we prepared an ester of this oligopeptide, benzoyl-phenylalanyl-valyl-arginine (3H) methyl ester (3H-BPVAME) for the direct measurement of LIF activity in a double-phase radio-enzyme assay. The hydrolysis of 3H-BPVAME followed enzyme-substrate kinetics in that the reaction was time-, temperature-, pH-, and concentration-dependent. 3H-BPVAME rpoved to be more selective and approximately 20 times more sensitive as a substrate for LIF than previously used radiolabeled substrates such as 3H-BAEE and 3H-TAME. Moreover, hydrolysis of 3H-BPVAME by partially purified LIF preparations was significantly inhibited by 10(-8) to 10 (-5) M of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), further supporting the hypothesis that cGMP acts as a regulator of LIF activity. Inhibition of LIF-induced esterolysis was also provided by dibutyryl cGMP, but only at concentrations 10(-7) to 10(-5) M; 8-bromo cGMP and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate were both ineffective. These results provide support for the use of 3H-BPVAME as a more selective substrate to detect esterase activity in LIF preparations than heretofore described and the possible development of a biochemical assay for the measurement of this lymphokine.
The effects of mild reduction on the structure and function of C3.
Authors: Isenman D E , Sundsmo J S , Cooper N R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reduction and alkylation of C3 in nondenaturing buffers by 2 mM DTT (1 hr, 23 degrees C) (C3 R/A) results in a &gt; 99% loss of C3 hemolytic activity. In contrast, sham alkylated protein, or protein allowed to reoxidize from the mildly reduced state, showed full activity. The loss in lytic activity correlated with the alkylation of approximately 6 liberated sulfhydryls, all of which arose from intrachain disulfides in the alpha polypeptide chain of C3. Data from CD experiments indicate that these bonds are essential for maintaining the native conformation of the protein. The loss of hemolytic activity of C3 R/A was neither due to its inability to be cleaved by C3 convertases nor to a dysfunction of the cleavage-induced labile membrane binding site as cells bearing C3 convertases firmly bound C3 R/A to an extent 80% that of native C3. The hemolytic defect in C3 R/A was found to result from its inability, once deposited on C42-bearing cells, to bind C5 and thereby participate in the formation of a C5 convertase. Unlike the effect on hemolytic activity, C3 R/A showed only a partial loss (3-fold) in its ability to bind to C3 receptors on monocytes. Taken together, these studies differentiate in molecular terms several of the functional sites in C3 and stress the significance of intra-alpha-chain disulfides in maintaining the conformation in activated C3 required for binding of C5.
A "nonidiotypic" inhibition of influenza-immune H-2-restricted CTL by an anti-T cell serum.
Authors: Effros R B , Hiserodt J C , Bonavida B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A xenogeneic serum directed at alloimmune CTL is shown to block H-2-restricted anti-viral CTL activity. Extensive absorption studies with targets and effector cells indicate that the blocking is at the level of the CTL and not the target cells. Inhibition is demonstrated for influenza-specific cytotoxicity operating in the context of 3 distinct H-2 haplotypes, suggesting that the serum is not directed at antigen-recognition structures. Kinetic studies on the addition of RAT to an ongoing 51Cr release assay further support the hypothesis that inhibition is not operating via the idiotypic region of the antigen receptor. We suggest that RAT is specific for CTL surface structures involved in nonrecognition events--possibly the lytic sites or a conserved region (idiotype-negative) of th antigen-binding receptor.
Monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A,B, and Ia-like antigens inhibit colony formation by human myeloid progenitor cells.
Authors: Fitchen J H , Ferrone S , Quaranta V , Molinaro G A , Cline M J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hybridomas derived from the fusion of murine myeloma cells with splenocytes from mice immunized with human cultured lymphoid cells secreted monoclonal antibodies to human cell surface antigens. Serologic and immunochemical assays showed that 4 monoclonal antibodies (Ab Q2/47, Q2/61, Q2/70, Q2/80) recognize framework determinants of Ia-like antigens and 1 monoclonal antibody (Ab Q1/28) reacts with determinants expressed on the heavy chain of HLA-A,B antigens. Both anti-HLA-A,B and anti-Ia-like antigen monoclonal antibodies caused complement-dependent inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony formation by human bone marrow grown in soft agar. Mixing experiments excluded the possibility of an indirect effect on progenitor cells by lysis of auxiliary cells. These results indicate that human myeloid progenitor cells express HLA-A,B and Ia-like antigens.
Appearance of receptors for Macaca speciosa red blood cells on human fibroblasts transformed by simian virus 40.
Authors: Curry R A , Pellegrino M A , Saxton R E , Jensen F , Ferrone S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Receptors for monkey red blood cells (MRBC) that are expressed on subpopulations of human lymphoid cells are coded by genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Since malignant transformation of cells is associated with changes in structures coded by the MHC region, 10 cultured human melanoma and sarcoma cells and autologous SV40-transformed fibroblasts were tested for expression of MRBC receptors and compared with normal autologous fibroblasts. Only 2 of the tumor cell lines and normal fibroblasts from the same individual formed rosettes with MRBC. On the other hand, SV40 transformation induced in all the fibroblasts expression of receptors for MRBC. MRBC receptors on SV40-transformed fibroblasts show properties similar to those on B lymphoid cells.
Immunoglobulin synthesis by neoplastic B lymphocytes: free light chain synthesis as a marker of B cell differentiation.
Authors: Hannam-Harris A C , Gordon J , Smith J L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunoglobulin synthesis has been investigated in 55 cases of B lymphocytic disease. Free light chain was the predominant product of Ig synthesis and the sole secreted Ig product from neoplasms lacking surface Ig or expressing sparse surface IgM as detected by fluorescent-labeled antibody. In contrast, neoplastic cells expressing strong surface IgM or IgG synthesized and secreted balanced amounts of heavy and light chain. Intermediate patterns of synthesis were shown by neoplastic cells expressing IgM with IgD. These patterns of synthesis occurred irrespective of the disease entity and are discussed in relation to models of B cell maturation.
Monoclonal and allospecific H-2Kk antisera precipitate a high molecular weight protein.
Authors: Hunter F A , Paslay J W , Bhown A S , Mole J E , Bennett J C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A protein with an apparent m.w. of 68,000 has been observed in immunoprecipitations of NP-40 solubilized BW5147 thymoma cells by using monoclonal or polyclonal allospecific H-2Kk antisera. By contrast, H-2Dk alloantisera precipitated a 45,000 m.w. protein from the same membrane preparations. The 68,000 m.w. protein is expressed on the plasma membrane as determined by vectoral labeling. Extensive clearing experiments and the use of monoclonal antibody demonstrate that the protein does not bear group-specific C-type viral determinants.
Gangliotetraosyl-ceramide, the rat T lymphocyte-macrophage-associated antigen: chemical detection and cellular distribution.
Authors: Momoi T , Wiegandt H , Arndt R , Thiele H G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The presence of gangliotetraosyl-ceramide, i.e., Gal beta 1 leads to 3GalNAc beta 1 leads to 4Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to Cer, the T lymphocyte-macrophage-associated antigen, on lymph node cells, thymic lymphocytes, and peritoneal exudate cells of the rat was established. For this, the glycosphingo-lipids of the cells were extracted and isolated by a microseparation and detection method. In contrast to immunoglobulin-negative rat lymph node cells, immunoglobulin-bearing lymph node cells showed no detectable gangliotetraosyl-ceramide.
Studies on the allergenic significance and structure of rat serum albumin.
Authors: Wahn U , Peters T , Siraganian R P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the capacity of rat serum albumin and of its proteolytic fragments to activate human basophils for IgE-mediated histamine release. The leukocytes from 8 out of 33 patients allergic to rats released histamine with rat serum albumin. Two proteolytic fragments of rat serum albumin, each constituting half of the molecule, were used to study the IgE-reactive antigenic sites. These fragments released histamine with the cells of some of the donors, thus demonstrating the presence of at least 2 antigenic determinants on each fragment for a total minimum of 4 sites on the intact rat serum albumin molecule. Most of the allergenic activity, however, was not recovered in the 2 fragments (total recovery mean = 6.4%, range between 0.1 and 31%). This loss could be due to cleavage of the rat albumin molecule in the middle of the third domain with loss of antigenic sites and/or due to minor conformational changes in the fragments as compared with the intact molecule. There was up to a 500-fold difference in the percent of activity recovered in the fragments when tested on cells from different patients. Therefore, there is no single immunodominant site on the molecule equally important for all patients. The cells of all 8 patients also reacted with mouse serum albumin but only 2 with bovine serum albumin. At least 1 determinant on mouse and rat serum albumin is cross-reactive with IgE.
IgG or IgM monoclonal antibodies reactive with different determinants on the molecular complex bearing Lyt 2 antigen block T cell-mediated cytolysis in the absence of complement.
Authors: Sarmiento M , Glasebrook A L , Fitch F W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Five rat monoclonal antibodies have been derived that express specificities for determinants present on the molecular complex bearing the Lyt 2 antigen. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 125I-labeled polypeptides precipitated by each of these antibodies reveal 3 components (150,000, 75,000, and 33,000 daltons), and 2 components (44,000 and 33,000 daltons) when analyzed under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively. Two of these antibodies are IgG and are specific for the Lyt 2.2 determinant; the other 3 are IgM and react with determinants other than Lyt 2.2, which are nonpolymorphic. Each of the 5 antibodies can block the cytolytic activities of 5-day MLC cells or of cloned cytolytic T cells in the absence of C. Treatment of responding spleen cells with any of these antibodies and C inhibits the generation of cytolytic activity in MLC.
IgD allotypic determinants. I. Determinants expressed on murine IgD of the a allotype.
Authors: Woods V L , Kessler S W , Finkelman F D , Lieberman R , Scher I , Paul W E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Allotypes of membrane IgD of 27 strains of mice were determined with a series of anti-delta reagents, each capable of binding to the IgD of BALB/c spleen cells. One of these reagents is a newly defined allospecific rabbit anti-mouse-delta a. Typing with these reagents reveals the strain distribution of the previously described IgD.36 (Ig5.1) and IgD.43 (Ig5.4) specificities and demonstrates the existence of a new specificity, IgD.45 (Ig5.5). The results confirm the previous subdivision of the Igh-Ce haplotype into Igh-Ce, to which A mice are assigned, and Igh-Cn, to which NZB and NZW mice are assigned. In addition, it is shown that the Igh-Cd haplotype must also be subdivided. AKR mice, which express the a allele at the Igh-5(delta) locus, are designated as possessing the Igh-Cd haplotype while AL/N and C.AL20 mice, which have the e allele at the Igh-5(delta) locus, are assigned a new Igh-C haplotype designation, o.
Differences in cell-bound C8 sites on chicken erythrocytes measured by their reactivity with guinea pig and human C9.
Authors: Boyle M D , Gee A P , Okada M , Borsos T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Methods for preparing chicken erythrocytes (CE) with C7 bound to their surface were devised by using either the classical pathway (CEA1-7) or an activated 56hu reagent (CE567) derived from inulin-treated human serum. These intermediates were used to study the lysis of CE by functionally purified C8 and C9 isolated from guinea pig and human serum. The results indicated that GPC9 was less efficient in lysing CEA1-8 or CE5678 than HuC9. This finding was observed irrespective of the species of C8 used. Experiments designed to analyze this difference indicated that there were two functionally distinct forms of C5b-8 that were randomly distributed among the cells but differed in their ability to generate a C lesion depending on the species of C9 used to complete the reaction. The implications of these results on the mechanism of generation of C lesions are briefly discussed.
Further studies of the human platelet receptor for quinine- and quinine-dependent antibodies.
Authors: Kunicki T J , Russell N , Nurden A T , Aster R H , Caen J P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the receptor for quinine- and quinidine-dependent antibodies is not expressed on the surface of platelets from patients with the Bernard-Soulier (B-S) syndrome. We now report data to suggest that these platelets lack the receptor for these antibodies. Since B-S platelets are also missing 2 related components of the GP I complex, GP lb and glycocalicin, our findings suggest that the receptor for quinine- and quinidine-dependent antibodies may be associated with this complex on normal platelets. An antibody previously shown to be directed against a surface antigen that migrated in the GP I position on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis specifically blocked the reaction of the receptor with quinine- or quinidine-dependent antibodies. Purified glycocalicin, however, lacked detectable receptor activity. In contrast, a mixture of GP lb and a putative structural analog of this glycoprotein (Mr 210,000) eluted from wheat germ affinity columns after chromatography of Triton X soluble preparations of platelets or membranes was shown to contain at least 80% of the total receptor activity. Our results strongly suggest that the receptor is associated with GP lb and/or its high m.w. structural analog(s).
Differential effect of aging on the heterogeneity of the immune response to a T-dependent antigen in systemic and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.
Authors: Szewczuk M R , Campbell R J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The heterogeneity of the immune response in various lymphatic sites to trinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin was measured in old and young mice at a cellular level using inhibition of plaque-forming cell assay. The primary splenic PFC response of old C57BL/6J male mice was found to be markedly restricted in heterogeneity, with a preferential loss of IgM, IgG, and IgA high avidity PFC. The draining peripheral lymph node IgG PFC response of old mice exhibited similar restriction in heterogeneity, with a preferential loss of high avidity PFC. In contrast, mesenteric and mediastinal lymph node PFC response of old mice remained highly heterogeneous with respect to antibody affinity in the 3 isotypes studied. These results support the hypothesis that the mucosal-associated lymphoid system differs from the systemic system with regard to its immune competence with age. Furthermore, the results imply that the T cell helper activity is unimpaired in the mucosal-associated lymphoid apparatus in aged animals.
Orientation of PMN in a pH gradient: acid-induced release of a chemotactic factor.
Authors: Zigmond S H , Hargrove R L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human and rabbit PMN, placed in a gradient of pH 5 to pH 8 over 1 mm, orient their locomotion toward pH 5. This orientation is due to the release or production of a chemotactic factor by the cells in the acid pH. This activity can be recovered in the supernatant and is maximal when the cell incubation is at pH 5.5. Its appearance is rapid, occurring within 1 min, and is temperature dependent. Cells survive treatment at pH 5.5 and are capable of subsequently responding to chemotactic peptides.
Fate of a common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen during modulation by monoclonal antibody.
Authors: Pesando J M , Ritz J , Lazarus H , Tomaselli K J , Schlossman S F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modulation of a human common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) by specific monoclonal antibody (J5) has been studied with the immune precipitation method to identify radiolabeled antigen. Surfaces of leukemic cells have been labeled using 125I both before and after modulation by J5 antibody for different time intervals. Leukemic cells have also been metabolically labeled with 35S-methionine before modulation. These studies indicate that the 100,000-dalton glycoprotein expressing CALLA (gp 100-CALLA) cannot be detected in cells that were modulated with J5 antibody before surface labeling but that it is easily detectable in cells that were surface labeled before modulation for 10 hr. At later time points, gp 100-CALLA is selectively lost from cells that were surface labeled before modulation. Gp 100-CALLA is not detected in the supernatants from cultures of these modulated cells. We conclude that gp 100-CALLA is rapidly internalized during modulation and that CALLA is degraded. Gp 100-CALLA is not shed into the culture media, nor does it remain on the cell surface in an altered form. Incubation of leukemic cells with antisera to beta2-microglobulin or IgM does not affect the expression of gp 100-CALLA.