bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Cancer Nanovaccines: Harnessing Nanotechnology for Broadening Cancer Immune Response
Authors: Wang Qian‐Ting , Liu Yi‐Xuan , Wang Jie , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany advances have been made recently in the field of cancer immunotherapy, particularly with the development of treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. The efficacy of immunotherapy is limited, however, owing to high levels of tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive environments of advanced malignant tumors. Therefore, therapeutic anticancer vaccines have gradually become powerful tools for inducing valid antitumor immune responses and regulating the immune microenvironment. Tumor vaccines loaded in nanocarriers have become an indispensable delivery platform for tumor treatment because of their enhanced stability, targeting capability, and high level of safety. Through a unique design, cancer nanovaccines activate innate immunity and tumor‐specific immunity simultaneously. For example, the design of cancer vaccines can incorporate strategies such as enhancing the stability and targeting of tumor antigens, combining effective adjuvants, cytokines, and immune microenvironment regulators, and promoting the maturation and cross‐presentation of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). In this review, we discuss the design and preparation of nanovaccines for remodeling tumor antigen immunogenicity and regulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Selectfluor‐Mediated Chlorination and Fluorination of Arenes: Late‐Stage Functionalization of APIs and Its Biological Effects
Authors: Gradl Susanne , Zantop Viviane , Gmeiner Peter , Hübner Harald , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBy using active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) previously recovered from expired drugs, it is shown that Selectfluor can act as a reagent for operationally simple late‐stage fluorination and chlorination of electron‐rich arenes under mild reaction conditions. As shown in mechanistic experiments, aromatic fluorination thereby competes with chlorine‐for‐fluorine exchange on Selectfluor and subsequent aromatic chlorination, whereat the chloride ions may either be provided by the hydrochloride salt of the respective API or by triethylammonium chloride. Biological testing of the fluorinated or chlorinated APIs at adrenergic, dopaminergic, muscarinergic, opioid or serotoninergic receptors demonstrated that improved binding affinities can be achieved via this straightforward strategy.
Automatically balancing relocatable distributed collections
Authors: Finnerty Patrick , Kamada Tomio , Ohta Chikara 
Published: April 2023

SummaryIn previous work, we introduced a distributed collections library for the APGAS for Java programming model. This library makes it possible for programmers to develop complex distributed programs thanks to the many abstractions and computation patterns supported. In particular, programmers can fully and dynamically change the distribution of data entries through high‐level abstractions. However, the problem of balancing the load between processes remains, especially in cases where multiple processes may be concurrently executing on a single host, or when the performance of the hosts used differs. To address this issue and to relieve the burden of programming a load balancing strategy for a specific application, we created a dynamic load balancer integrated into our library. This load balancer operates within a specific context in a manner which does not interfere with the program legibility. Internally, we implement a scheme inspired by the lifeline‐based global load balancer scheme first introduced in 10. We evaluate the performance of our integrated load balancer on a small‐scale Beowulf cluster.
Stress‐associated symptoms and disorders: A transdiagnostic comparison
Authors: Eberle David J. , Maercker Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ICD‐11 features a new group of disorders specifically associated with stress, which are interlinked by various symptoms, such as intrusive memory symptoms. Although research interest in these new ICD‐11 diagnoses is growing rapidly, so far, no studies have systematically investigated the transdiagnostic distribution of stress‐associated symptoms in these disorders. In the present study, 447 individuals completed a series of online questionnaires, which measured various stress‐associated symptoms, e.g., flashbacks, preoccupation or yearning. Findings showed that the majority of correlations between the measured psychopathological constructs was between 0.30 and 0.60. Furthermore, with regard to specific diagnostic groups, a complex variation of stress‐associated symptoms was observed, with preoccupation as a predominant symptom in all disorders. Results demonstrate that stress‐associated symptoms are inherently interconnected yet possess an individual variation in different disorders. Furthermore, findings illustrate that preoccupation represents a major feature in all stress‐associated disorders.
The Robogut: A Bioreactor Model of the Human Colon for Evaluation of Gut Microbial Community Ecology and Function
Authors: Gianetto‐Hill Connor M. , Vancuren Sarah J. , Daisley Brendan , Renwick Simone , Wilde Jacob , Schroeter Kathleen , Daigneault Michelle C. , Allen‐Vercoe Emma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe human colon is inhabited by a complex community of microbes. These microbes are integral to host health and physiology. Understanding how and when the microbiome causally influences host health will require microbiome models that can be tightly controlled and manipulated. While in vivo models are unrivalled in their ability to study host‐microbial interplay, in vitro models are gaining in popularity as methods to study the ecology and function of the gut microbiota, and benefit from tight controllability and reproducibility, as well as reduced ethical constraints. In this set of protocols, we describe the Robogut, a single‐stage bioreactor system designed to replicate the conditions of the distal human colon, to culture whole microbial communities derived from stool and/or colonic biopsy samples, with consideration of methods to create culture medium formulations and to build, run, and sample the bioreactor apparatus. Cleaning and maintenance of the bioreactor system are also described. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Growth medium preparationSupport Protocol 1: Preparing medium supplementsBasic Protocol 2: Preparing the bioreactor vesselsSupport Protocol 2: Making acid and base bottlesSupport Protocol 3: Preparing the effluent bottlesSupport Protocol 4: Making acid solutionSupport Protocol 5: Making base solutionBasic Protocol 3: Preparing inoculum and inoculating bioreactorsAlternate Protocol 1: Preparing inoculum less than 0.5% (w/v) of vessel volumeAlternate Protocol 2: Preparing synthetic community aliquots and inoculation via the septumAlternate Protocol 3: Preparing inoculum from a tissue sampleBasic Protocol 4: Sampling the bioreactor vesselBasic Protocol 5: Harvesting bioreactor vessel contents at end of experimentSupport Protocol 6: Cleaning and sterilizing sampling needlesBasic Protocol 6: Cleaning the bioreactor vesselSupport Protocol 7: Cleaning bioreactor support bottles
Mowing accelerates phosphorus cycling without depleting soil phosphorus pool
Authors: Zhai Xiufeng , Lu Peng , Zhang Ruifang , Bai Wenming , Zhang Wen‐Hao , Chen Ji , Tian Qiuying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMowing, as a common grassland utilization strategy, affects nutrient status in soil by plant biomass removal. Phosphorus (P) cycle plays an important role in determining grassland productivity. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of mowing on P cycling in grassland ecosystems. Here, we investigated the effects of various mowing regimes on soil P fractions and P accumulation in plants and litters. We specifically explored the mechanisms by which mowing regulates ecosystem P cycling by linking aboveground community with soil properties. Our results showed that mowing increased soil dissolvable P concentrations, which probably met the demand for P absorption and utilization by plants, thus contributing to an increased P accumulation by plants. Mowing promoted grassland P cycling by a reciprocal relationship between plants and microbes. Short‐term mowing enhanced P cycling mainly through increased root exudation‐evoked the extracellular enzyme activity of microbes rather than the alternations in microbial biomass and community composition. Long‐term mowing increased P cycling mainly by promoting carbon allocation to roots, thereby leading to greater microbial metabolic activity. Although mowing‐stimulation of organic P mineralization lasted for 15 consecutive years, mowing did not result in soil P depletion. These results demonstrate that P removal by mowing will not necessarily lead to soil P limitation. Our findings would advance the knowledge on soil P dynamic under mowing and contribute to resource‐efficient grassland management.
Safety, usability, and performance of a wireless left atrial pressure monitoring system in patients with heart failure: the VECTOR‐HF trial
Authors: D'Amario Domenico , Meerkin David , Restivo Attilio , Ince Hüseyin , Sievert Horst , Wiese Andrea , Schaefer Ulrich , Trani Carlo , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Leyva Francisco , Whinnett Zachary I. , Di Mario Carlo , Jonas Michael , Manhal Habib , Amat‐Santos Ignacio J. , Del Trigo Maria , Gal Tuvia Ben , Avraham Binyamin Ben , Hasin Tal , Feickert Sebastian , D'Ancona Giuseppe , Altisent Omar Abdul‐Jawad , Koren Oran , Caspi Oren , Abraham William T. , Crea Filippo , Anker Stefan D. , Kornowski Ran , Perl Leor ,   the VECTOR‐HF Trial Investigators
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsIn heart failure (HF), implantable haemodynamic monitoring devices have been shown to optimize therapy, anticipating clinical decompensation and preventing hospitalization. Direct left‐sided haemodynamic sensors offer theoretical benefits beyond pulmonary artery pressure monitoring systems. We evaluated the safety, usability, and performance of a novel left atrial pressure (LAP) monitoring system in HF patients.Methods and resultsThe VECTOR‐HF study (NCT03775161) was a first‐in‐human, prospective, multicentre, single‐arm, clinical trial enrolling 30 patients with HF. The device consisted of an interatrial positioned leadless sensor, able to transmit LAP data wirelessly. After 3 months, a right heart catheterization was performed to correlate mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) with simultaneous mean LAP obtained from the device. Remote LAP measurements were then used to guide patient management. The miniaturized device was successfully implanted in all 30 patients, without acute major adverse cardiac and neurological events (MACNE). At 3 months, freedom from short‐term MACNE was 97%. Agreement between sensor‐calculated LAP and PCWP was consistent, with a mean difference of −0.22 ± 4.92 mmHg, the correlation coefficient and the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient values were equal to 0.79 (p < 0.0001) and 0.776 (95% confidence interval 0.582–0.886), respectively. Preliminary experience with V‐LAP‐based HF management was associated with significant improvements in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (32% of patients reached NYHA class II at 6 months, p < 0.005; 60% of patients at 12 months, p < 0.005) and 6‐min walk test distance (from 244.59 ± 119.59 m at baseline to 311.78 ± 129.88 m after 6 months, p < 0.05, and 343.95 ± 146.15 m after 12 months, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe V‐LAP™ monitoring system proved to be generally safe and provided a good correlation with invasive PCWP. Initial evidence also suggests possible improvement in HF clinical symptoms.
Cargo Encapsulation in Photochromic Supramolecular Hydrogels Depends on Specific Guest‐Gelator Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Hoffmann Fabian , Leistner Anna‐Lena , Kirchner Susanne , Luy Burkhard , Muhle‐Goll Claudia , Pianowski Zbigniew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotochromic supramolecular hydrogels are prospective materials for light‐triggered drug release and bionanotechnology. Here we present a structural analysis of peptide‐derived photochromic supramolecular hydrogels, which were physically loaded with a selection of biologically related compounds, using advanced techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance. The results enable detailed and correct understanding of the loading process and will allow for correct design of pharmacologically relevant systems for phototriggered drug delivery.
Kings of the North: Bridging Disciplines to Understand the Effects of Changing Climate on Chinook Salmon in the Arctic–Yukon–Kuskokwim Region
Authors: Feddern Megan L , Schoen Erik R , Shaftel Rebecca , Cunningham Curry J , Chythlook Craig , Connors Brendan M , Murdoch Alyssa D , Biela Vanessa R. , Woods Brooke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Understanding how species are responding to environmental change is a central challenge for stewards and managers of fish and wildlife who seek to maintain harvest opportunities for communities and Indigenous peoples. This is a particularly daunting but increasingly important task in remote, high-latitude regions where environmental conditions are changing rapidly and data collection is logistically difficult. The Arctic–Yukon–Kuskokwim (AYK) region encompasses the northern extent of the Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha range where populations are experiencing rapid rates of environmental change across both freshwater and marine habitats due to global climate change. Climate–salmon interactions in the AYK region are a particularly pressing issue as many local communities have a deep reliance on a subsistence way of life. Here, we synthesize perspectives shared at a recent workshop on Chinook Salmon declines in the AYK region. The objectives were to discuss current understandings of climate–Chinook Salmon interactions, develop a set of outstanding questions, review available data and its limitations in addressing these questions, and describe the perspectives expressed by participants in this workshop from diverse backgrounds. We conclude by suggesting pathways forward to integrate different types of information and build relationships among communities, academic partners, and fishery management agencies.
The Business of Medicine Fails Many American Patients
Authors: Dubler Nancy Neveloff 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe People's Hospital: Hope and Peril in American Medicine, by Ricardo Nuila (Scribner, 2023), is a brilliant analysis of the reasons for the failure of our present health care system to meet the needs of patients. It is also a setting for the stories of patients whom Nuila encounters as a hospitalist at Ben Taub, a safety‐net hospital (in the shadow of the medical metropolis of Houston) that cares for all who arrive at its doors. The book is a masterful weaving of data on how money has corrupted the medical establishment and the effects on patients and those who love them.
Breast lesion classification using features fusion and selection of ensemble ResNet method
Authors: Kılıçarslan Gülhan , Koç Canan , Özyurt Fatih , Gül Yeliz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMedical Imaging with Deep Learning has recently become the most prominent topic in the scientific world. Significant results have been obtained in the classification of medical images using deep learning methods, and there has been an increase in studies on malignant types. The main reason for choosing breast cancer is that breast cancer is one of the critical malignant types that increase the death rate in women. In this study, 1236 ultrasound images were collected from Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, and three different ResNet CNN architectures were used for feature extraction. Data were trained with an SVM classifier. In addition, the three ResNet architectures were combined, and novel fused ResNet architecture was used in this study. In addition, these features were used with three different feature selection techniques, MR‐MR, NCA, and Relieff. These results are 89.3% obtained from ALL‐ResNet architecture and the feature selected with NCA in normal and lesion classification. Normal, malignant, and benign classification best accuracy is 84.9% with ALL‐ResNet NCA. Experimental studies show that MR‐MR, NCA, and Relieff feature selection algorithms reduce features and give more results that are successful. This indicates that the proposed method is more successful than classical deep learning methods.
Cybervictimization and nonsuicidal self‐injury: The mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of emotional reactivity
Authors: Li Yongjian , Lin Shuang , Han Yingchun , Sheng Jing , Wang Li , Yang Xueling , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundNonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) has garnered growing attention in recent years, and cybervictimization (CV) has been identified as a risk factor for NSSI among adolescents. However, little is known about this association's longitudinal mediating and moderating mechanisms. Guided by the experiential avoidance model, the present study used a short longitudinal design to examine the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of emotional reactivity between CV and NSSI.MethodsA total of 577 Chinese middle school students (Mage = 14.38, SD = 0.67) completed the measures of CV, NSSI, depressive symptoms, and emotional reactivity. They provided data in two waves (T1 and T2, 6 months apart).ResultsThe results found a longitudinal association between CV and NSSI as well as the mediating role of depressive symptoms. Moreover, emotional reactivity amplified the relationship between CV and NSSI via depressive symptoms; specifically, the relationship between depressive symptoms and NSSI was only significant for adolescents with high emotional reactivity.ConclusionThe current study has found that emotional reactivity moderated the indirect effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between CV and NSSI. These findings have implications for the identification and intervention of NSSI in early adolescents.
L‐BAIBA Synergizes with Sub‐Optimal Mechanical Loading to Promote New Bone Formation
Authors: Prideaux Matt , Smargiassi Alberto , Peng Gang , Brotto Marco , Robling Alexander G , Bonewald Lynda F 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe L‐enantiomer of β‐aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is secreted by contracted muscle in mice, and exercise increases serum levels in humans. In mice, L‐BAIBA reduces bone loss with unloading, but whether it can have a positive effect with loading is unknown. Since synergism can be more easily observed with sub‐optimal amounts of factors/stimulation, we sought to determine whether L‐BAIBA could potentiate the effects of sub‐optimal loading to enhance bone formation. L‐BAIBA was provided in drinking water to C57Bl/6 male mice subjected to either 7 N or 8.25 N of sub‐optimal unilateral tibial loading for 2 weeks. The combination of 8.25 N and L‐BAIBA significantly increased the periosteal mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate compared to loading alone or BAIBA alone. Though L‐BAIBA alone had no effect on bone formation, grip strength was increased, suggesting a positive effect on muscle function. Gene expression analysis of the osteocyte‐enriched bone showed that the combination of L‐BAIBA and 8.25 N induced the expression of loading‐responsive genes such as Wnt1, Wnt10b, and the TGFb and BMP signaling pathways. One dramatic change was the downregulation of histone genes in response to sub‐optimal loading and/or L‐BAIBA. To determine early gene expression, the osteocyte fraction was harvested within 24 hours of loading. A dramatic effect was observed with L‐BAIBA and 8.25 N loading as genes were enriched for pathways regulating the extracellular matrix (Chad, Acan, Col9a2), ion channel activity (Scn4b, Scn7a, Cacna1i), and lipid metabolism (Plin1, Plin4, Cidec). Few changes in gene expression were observed with sub‐optimal loading or L‐BAIBA alone after 24 hours. These results suggest that these signaling pathways are responsible for the synergistic effects between L‐BAIBA and sub‐optimal loading. Showing that a small muscle factor can enhance the effects of sub‐optimal loading of bone may be of relevance for individuals unable to benefit from optimal exercise. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comparability of Osteoporosis Treatment Groups Among Female Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States
Authors: Kim Min , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Arora Tarun , Zhao Hong , Balasubramanian Akhila , Stad Robert Kees , O'Kelly James , Spangler Leslie , Bradbury Brian D. , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
It is often difficult to obtain valid estimates of comparative treatment effectiveness and safety owing to differences across patient populations taking different medications in the real world. One approach for assessing comparability between treatment groups in effectiveness studies is to use negative control outcomes (NCOs). NCOs share similar sources of bias with the primary outcomes but have no plausible causal relationship to the treatment of interest. Observing differences in the risk of NCOs thus provides evidence for residual confounding between groups. This retrospective study assessed the comparability of postmenopausal women, treated with osteoporosis medications with various mechanisms of action such as denosumab (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand [RANKL] inhibitor), zoledronic acid (bisphosphonate derivative), or oral bisphosphonates including alendronate. Administrative claims data were extracted from the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Chronic Condition Warehouse database (May 2010–December 2016). Propensity scores were used to match denosumab patients 1:1 to comparators. Four nonfracture NCOs and three early fracture NCOs (before substantial biologic effects of treatment would be expected) were assessed over 1-year and 3-month follow-up periods, respectively. According to comparability decision rules established a priori, patients initiating denosumab were comparable to those initiating zoledronic acid or alendronate, irrespective of prior osteoporosis treatment experience. Among new users, new switchers, and in the historical fracture subgroup, no meaningful differences were observed in the cumulative incidence of the seven NCOs comparing denosumab to zoledronic acid. This empirical examination can assist in the selection of appropriate comparator groups for future comparability research using real-world data. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Insights into the solubility of γD‐crystallin from multiscale atomistic simulations
Authors: Freites J. Alfredo , Louis Mohab N. , Tobias Douglas J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe molecular basis underlying the rich phase behavior of globular proteins remains poorly understood. We use atomistic multiscale molecular simulations to model the solution‐state conformational dynamics and interprotein interactions of D‐crystallin and its P23T‐R36S mutant, which drastically limits the protein solubility, at both infinite dilution and at a concentration where the mutant fluid phase and crystalline phase coexist. We find that while the mutant conserves the protein fold, changes to the surface exposure of residues in the neighborhood of residue‐36 enhance protein–protein interactions and develop specific protein–protein contacts found in the protein crystal lattice.