bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ownership competence: The enabling and constraining role of institutions
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Klein Peter G. , Lien Lasse B. , Zellweger Thomas , Zenger Todd 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryMonteiro and Miranda (2022) argue that owners differ in their ability to select and work within a particular institutional environment, suggesting “institutional competence” as a dimension of ownership competence distinct from what we call governance, matching, and timing competence. We agree that institutions matter and welcome the chance to describe their role in detail. However, rather than treating institutional competence as a separate channel by which owners create value from their assets, we think institutional features can be modeled as “shift parameters” that moderate the effect of ownership competencies on outcomes. In developing this argument, we reflect more broadly on the interplay between ownership competence and institutional uncertainty, noting that society at large benefits from individual‐level ownership competence, ownership by some owners may cause harm to other owners, and property‐rights enforcement and ownership competence are complements in generating private and societal benefits.Managerial SummaryIn “Ownership Competence” (Foss et al., 2021) we argued that business owners vary in their ability to create value out of the assets they own, distinguishing between governance, matching, and timing competence. Monteiro and Miranda (2022) argue that we should add “institutional competence” as a fourth kind of competence, describing the ability of owners to choose countries, regions, or environments where they can best exercise their ownership skills. We agree that these external conditions are important but argue that they work by modifying the impact of governance, matching, and timing competence rather than acting as an independent channel. In our response, we also comment on broader issues related to social and institutional aspects of ownership.
RhRu Alloy‐Anchored MXene Nanozyme for Synergistic Osteosarcoma Therapy
Authors: Liang Yanling , Liao Chuanan , Guo Xinqi , Li Guanhua , Yang Xin , Yu Jing , Zhong Jingping , Xie Ying , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: March 2023

Noble metal nanozymes hold promise in cancer therapy due to adjustable enzyme‐like activities, unique physicochemical properties, etc. But catalytic activities of monometallic nanozyme are confined. In this study, 2D titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx)‐supported RhRu alloy nanoclusters (RhRu/Ti3C2Tx) are prepared by a hydrothermal method and utilized for synergistic therapy of chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) on osteosarcoma. The nanoclusters are small in size (3.6 nm), uniform in distribution, and have excellent catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)‐like activities. Density functional theory calculations show that there is a significant electron transfer interaction between RhRu and Ti3C2Tx, which has strong adsorption to H2O2 and is beneficial to enhance the enzyme‐like activity. Furthermore, RhRu/Ti3C2Tx nanozyme acts as both PTT agent for converting light into heat, and photosensitizer for catalyzing O2 to 1O2. With the NIR‐reinforced POD‐ and CAT‐like activity, excellent photothermal and photodynamic performance, the synergistic CDT/PDT/PTT effect of RhRu/Ti3C2Tx on osteosarcoma is verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. This study is expected to provide a new research direction for the treatment of osteosarcoma and other tumors.
An Activatable Phototheranostic Nanoplatform for Tumor Specific NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging and Synergistic NIR‐II Photothermal‐Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Dai Yeneng , Zhang Fan , Chen Kai , Sun Zhiquan , Wang Zhihang , Xue Yuwen , Li Meixing , Fan Quli , Shen Qingming , Zhao Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe phototheranostics in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) have proven to be promising for the precise cancer theranostics. However, the non‐responsive and “always on” imaging mode lacks the selectivity, leading to the poor diagnosis specificity. Herein, a tumor microenvironment (TME) activated NIR‐II phototheranostic nanoplatform (Ag2S‐Fe(III)‐DBZ Pdots, AFD NPs) is designed based on the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The AFD NPs are fabricated through self‐assembly of Ag2S QDs (NIR‐II fluorescence probe) and ultra‐small semiconductor polymer dots (DBZ Pdots, NIR‐II fluorescence quencher) utilizing Fe(III) as coordination nodes. In normal tissues, the AFD NPs maintain in “off” state, due to the FRET between Ag2S QDs and DBZ Pdots. However, the NIR‐II fluorescence signal of AFD NPs can be rapidly “turn on” by the overexpressed GSH in tumor tissues, achieving a superior tumor‐to‐normal tissue (T/NT) signal ratio. Moreover, the released Pdots and reduced Fe(II) ions provide NIR‐II photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), respectively. The GSH depletion and NIR‐II PTT effect further aggravate CDT mediated oxidative damage toward tumors, achieving the synergistic anti‐tumor therapeutic effect. The work provides a promising strategy for the development of TME activated NIR‐II phototheranostic nanoprobes.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Rare‐Earth‐Free n‐Type Oxide Perovskite Composite with Graphene Analogous 2D MXene
Authors: Dixit Pragya , Jana Subhra Sourav , Maiti Tanmoy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHere, the first experimental demonstration on the effect of incorporating new generation 2D material, MXene, on the thermoelectric performance of rare‐earth‐free oxide perovskite is reported. The charge localization phenomenon is predominant in the electron transport of doped SrTiO3 perovskites, which deters from achieving a higher thermoelectric power factor in these oxides. In this work, it is shown that incorporating Ti3C2Tx MXene in a matrix of SrTi0.85Nb0.15O3 (STN) facilitates the delocalization of electrons resulting in better than single‐crystal‐like electron mobility in polycrystalline composites. A 1851% increase in electrical conductivity and a 1000% enhancement in power factor are attained. Besides, anharmonicity caused by MXene in the STN matrix has led to enhanced Umklapp scattering giving rise to lower lattice thermal conductivity. Hence, 700% ZT enhancement is achieved in this composite. Further, a prototype of thermoelectric generator (TEG) using only n‐type STN + MXene is fabricated and a power output of 38 mW is obtained, which is higher than the reported values for oxide TEG.
MMP9‐Responsive Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot‐Based Nano‐in‐Micro Drug Delivery System for Combinatorial Therapy of Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Huang Keke , Liu Xin , Lv Ziru , Zhang Di , Zhou Yuling , Lin Zhiqing , Guo Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD), especially wet AMD with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), commonly causes blindness in older patients and disruption of the choroid followed by second‐wave injuries, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and excessive matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression. Increased macrophage infiltrate in parallel with microglial activation and MMP9 overexpression on CNV lesions is shown to contribute to the inflammatory process and then enhance pathological ocular angiogenesis. Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), as natural antioxidants, exert anti‐inflammatory effects and minocycline is a specific macrophage/microglial inhibitor that can suppress both macrophage/microglial activation and MMP9 activity. Herein, an MMP9‐responsive GOQD‐based minocycline‐loaded nano‐in‐micro drug delivery system (C18PGM) is developed by chemically bonding GOQDs to an octadecyl‐modified peptide sequence (C18‐GVFHQTVS, C18P) that can be specifically cleaved by MMP9. Using a laser‐induced CNV mouse model, the prepared C18PGM shows significant MMP9 inhibitory activity and anti‐inflammatory action followed by antiangiogenic effects. Moreover, C18PGM combined with antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab markedly increases the antiangiogenesis effect by interfering with the “inflammation‐MMP9‐angiogenesis” cascade. The prepared C18PGM shows a good safety profile and no obvious ophthalmic or systemic side effects. The results taken together suggest that C18PGM is an effective and novel strategy for combinatorial therapy of CNV.
Single‐Crystal Nanowire Cesium Tin Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Dai Letian , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere , Ban Huaxia , Zhang Zhiguo , Sun Qiang , Li Xiongjie , Gu Anjie , Yang Wanpeng , Yu Haixuan , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work reports for the first time a highly efficient single‐crystal cesium tin triiodide (CsSnI3) perovskite nanowire solar cell. With a perfect lattice structure, low carrier trap density (≈5 × 1010 cm−3), long carrier lifetime (46.7 ns), and excellent carrier mobility (>600 cm2 V−1 s−1), single‐crystal CsSnI3 perovskite nanowires enable a very attractive feature for flexible perovskite photovoltaics to power active micro‐scale electronic devices. Using CsSnI3 single‐crystal nanowire in conjunction with highly conductive wide bandgap semiconductors as front‐surface‐field layers, an unprecedented efficiency of 11.7% under AM 1.5G illumination is achieved. This work demonstrates the feasibility of all‐inorganic tin‐based perovskite solar cells via crystallinity and device‐structure improvement for the high‐performance, and thus paves the way for the energy supply to flexible wearable devices in the future.
Precise Control of Crystallization and Phase‐Transition with Green Anti‐Solvent in Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells with Open‐Circuit Voltage Exceeding 1.25 V
Authors: Zhang Xinpeng , Li Xiangyu , Tao Lei , Zhang Zemin , Ling Hao , Fu Xue , Wang Shibo , Ko Min Jae , Luo Jingshan , Chen Jiangzhao , Li Yuelong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their application in tandem solar cells. However, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of wide‐bandgap PSCs is dramatically limited by high defect density existing at the interface and bulk of the perovskite film. Here, an anti‐solvent optimized adduct to control perovskite crystallization strategy that reduces nonradiative recombination and minimizes VOC deficit is proposed. Specifically, an organic solvent with similar dipole moment, isopropanol (IPA) is added into ethyl acetate (EA) anti‐solvent, which is beneficial to form PbI2 adducts with better crystalline orientation and direct formation of α‐phase perovskite. As a result, EA‐IPA (7‐1) based 1.67 eV PSCs deliver a power conversion efficiency of 20.06% and a VOC of 1.255 V, which is one of the remarkable values for wide‐bandgap around 1.67 eV. The findings provide an effective strategy for controlling crystallization to reduce defect density in PSCs.
Stimuli‐Responsive Multifunctional Nanomedicine for Enhanced Glioblastoma Chemotherapy Augments Multistage Blood‐to‐Brain Trafficking and Tumor Targeting
Authors: Martins Cláudia , Araújo Marco , Malfanti Alessio , Pacheco Catarina , Smith Stuart J. , Ucakar Bernard , Rahman Ruman , Aylott Jonathan W. , Préat Véronique , Sarmento Bruno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMinimal therapeutic advances have been achieved over the past two decades for glioblastoma (GBM), which remains an unmet clinical need. Here, hypothesis‐driven stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles (NPs) for docetaxel (DTX) delivery to GBM are reported, with multifunctional features that circumvent insufficient blood‐brain barrier (BBB) trafficking and lack of GBM targeting—two major hurdles for anti‐GBM therapies. NPs are dual‐surface tailored with a i) brain‐targeted acid‐responsive Angiopep‐2 moiety that triggers NP structural rearrangement within BBB endosomal vesicles, and ii) L‐Histidine moiety that provides NP preferential accumulation into GBM cells post‐BBB crossing. In tumor invasive margin patient cells, the stimuli‐responsive multifunctional NPs target GBM cells, enhance cell uptake by 12‐fold, and induce three times higher cytotoxicity in 2D and 3D cell models. Moreover, the in vitro BBB permeability is increased by threefold. A biodistribution in vivo trial confirms a threefold enhancement of NP accumulation into the brain. Last, the in vivo antitumor efficacy is validated in GBM orthotopic models following intratumoral and intravenous administration. Median survival and number of long‐term survivors are increased by 50%. Altogether, a preclinical proof of concept supports these stimuli‐responsive multifunctional NPs as an effective anti‐GBM multistage chemotherapeutic strategy, with ability to respond to multiple fronts of the GBM microenvironment.
Spectrum‐based fault localization using empirical mode decomposition algorithm
Authors: Fan Xin , Chen Qi , Yu Li , Liu Fangqi , Zhu Jiahao , Zheng Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpectrum‐based fault localization (SBFL) is considered as the most popular lightweight fault localization method. However, pure SBFL is proved to be tedious and time‐consuming for programmers to detect faults. This is because the suspiciousness is duplicated and they usually involve only the first few suspicious elements in the debugging process before losing patience. For this reason, benefiting from abundant spectrum information created by SBFL, we propose a new spectral fault localization technique using empirical mode decomposition method (EMD) to improve the accuracy of automatic software debugging. To accomplish that, the faulty program is evaluated by SBFL, and then, the resultant suspiciousness scores are taken as signals and nonfaulty elements as noise. Next, EMD is employed to decompose the suspicious scores of SBFL to eliminate massively repeated ones. Hence, elements are reranked according to new scores, and the ranking list is reconstructed by enlarging the high‐performance range (checking 5% elements) and TOP‐5 region to detect more faults. The performance of EMD‐SBFL is tested and compared with pure SBFL with EXAM scores and Top‐n ranks both on Siemens programs with seeded faults and large‐sized Defects4j programs with real faults. The result reveals that EMD‐SBFL is significantly effective to locate nearly over doubled faults by only check Top‐1 and outperforms the state‐of‐the art SBFL techniques.
Recent Progress and Perspectives of Direct Ink Writing Applications for Mass Transfer Enhancement in Gas‐Phase Adsorption and Catalysis
Authors: Chen Qiwei , Tian Enze , Wang Yan , Mo Jinhan , Xu Guiyin , Zhu Meifang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConventional adsorbents and catalysts shaped by granulation or extrusion have high pressure drop and poor flexibility for chemical, energy, and environmental processes. Direct ink writing (DIW), a kind of 3D printing, has evolved into a crucial technique for manufacturing scalable configurations of adsorbents and catalysts with satisfactory programmable automation, highly optional materials, and reliable construction. Particularly, DIW can generate specific morphologies required for excellent mass transfer kinetics, which is essential in gas‐phase adsorption and catalysis. Here, DIW methodologies for mass transfer enhancement in gas‐phase adsorption and catalysis, covering the raw materials, fabrication process, auxiliary optimization methods, and practical applications are comprehensively summarized. The prospects and challenges of DIW methodology in realizing good mass transfer kinetics are discussed. Ideal components with a gradient porosity, multi‐material structure, and hierarchical morphology are proposed for future investigations.
Nonlinear finite element modeling of bridge piers under the combined effect of corrosion, freeze–thaw cycles, and service load
Authors: Zaghian Sepideh , Martín‐Pérez Beatriz , Almansour Husham , Shirkhani Hamidreza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCorrosion of reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure is one of the most concerning durability problems affecting its serviceability and ultimate capacity in North America. The rise of greenhouse emissions in recent decades and the use of de‐icing salts during the winter increase the potential risk of corrosion. Furthermore, global warming could lead to higher freeze–thaw cycles (FTC) frequency in cold regions. The combined effects of corrosion and frost damage tend to affect aging RC infrastructure's structural performance and service life. The present study adopts comprehensive reinforcement corrosion and frost damage models from the literature and proposes a stage‐based damage analysis scenario. Three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses using the commercially available finite element program DIANA are conducted to evaluate the structural performance of RC bridge piers under the synergetic effects of FTCs, corrosion, and service load during their service life. The proposed methodology for each damage mechanism is assessed by comparison with available experimental data from the literature. The synergetic effects cannot be validated because there is no data, but the methodology highlights the deterioration rate at which several mechanisms acting at the same time can affect the structural performance of these members.
Construction of strut‐and‐tie models for members under complex stress states based on topology optimization
Authors: Fang Yumin , Zhang Huzhi , Yin Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe construction of strut‐and‐tie models (STMs) is the key, but also the difficulty when the model is used to describe the force mechanism and guide the reinforcement layout design of concrete disturbed regions (D‐regions). Topology optimization is a promising way to guide STMs construction. Different from the existing construction methods of predetermining nodes, the angle of inclination of the truss elements is first determined to ensure that it is consistent with that of the principal stresses in a 2D finite element model of the structure. The constructed model can well reflect the force transmission path of structural members, and it is better than the existing methods when it is evaluated through the principle of minimum strain energy. To verify the validity of the STM, a reinforcement layout scheme is adopted completely according to the position of the tension ties. On this basis, another reinforcement layout scheme adds additional transverse reinforcements in the bottle‐shaped stress field. The nonlinear finite element comparative analysis of an irregular deep beam designed by the two schemes is carried out. The results show that the two ultimate loads are close. Brittle failure occurs in the former, while the latter has higher deformability and eventually ductile failure occurs.
Using conjoint analysis to incorporate heterogeneous preferences into multimodal transit trip simulations
Authors: Zhao Lujin , Szajnfarber Zoe , Broniatowski David , Helveston John Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrban transportation systems involve thousands of individuals making choices between routes with multiple modes and transfers. For transportation system simulations to produce realistic results, modelers need to incorporate these users and their choices. Choice‐based conjoint surveys provide an attractive solution for obtaining flexible utility models that can be used to predict choices for a wide variety of trips. In this study, we demonstrate an example using conjoint survey data of commuter mode choice in the Washington, D.C. metro area (N = 1651). We sample commuters who primarily drive and those that take transit. We examine preferences for different types of multimodal trips, including those with intramodal and intermodel transfers. We find that trips involving a bus transfer are the least preferred while both drivers and transit users both value metro similarly to driving. We also find that walking during transit trips is an important barrier, with the travel time penalty for walking being 60% higher than that of time in a vehicle. Our findings highlight the significance of accounting for differences in modal transfer types in transportation system simulations. Reducing arrival time uncertainty was not a significant factor in commuter mode choice, and commuters' value of time was similar across all vehicle types, suggesting that increasing the relative speed of transit modes may only have a marginal effect on commuter substitution away from personal vehicles.
Is the Ollerenshaw fasciolosis forecasting model fit for the 21st century?
Authors: Howell Alison , Caminade Cyril , Brülisauer Franz , Mitchell Sian , Williams Diana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Ollerenshaw forecasting model is based on rainfall and evapotranspiration and has been in use to predict losses from fasciolosis since 1959. We evaluated the performance of the model against observed data.MethodsWeather data were used to calculate, map and plot fasciolosis risk values for each year from 1950 to 2019. We then compared the model's predictions with recorded acute fasciolosis losses in sheep from 2010 to 2019 and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the model.ResultsThe forecast risk has varied over time but has not markedly increased over the past 70 years. The model correctly forecasted the highest and lowest incidence years at both the regional and national (Great Britain) levels. However, the sensitivity of the model for predicting fasciolosis losses was poor. Modification to include the full May and October rainfall and evapotranspiration values made only a small improvement.LimitationsReported acute fasciolosis losses are subject to bias and error due to unreported cases and variations in region size and livestock numbers.ConclusionThe Ollerenshaw forecasting model, in either its original or modified forms, is insufficiently sensitive to be relied upon as a standalone early warning system for farmers.
Enhanced flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and acid resistance of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide composite by expandable graphite and microencapsulated red phosphorus
Authors: Wang Sen , Liang Shitong , Wang Kesong , Liu Jichun , Luo Jie , Peng Shuge 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow flame retardant efficiency and poor acid resistance of filled polymer composites are two main drawbacks of magnesium hydroxide (MH) as a flame retardant (FR). To solve these problems, expandable graphite (EG) and microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) were introduced into polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide (PP/MH) composite by melt compounding. The obtained PP/MH/EG/MRP quadruple composite was studied regarding its fire behavior as well as acid resistance. Obvious flame retardant synergism among MH, EG, and MRP is found in PP, which diminishes the loading of FR from 63.0 to 37.5 wt% to obtain V‐0 rating in UL‐94 test and low smoke release. Compact intumescent char with high thermo‐oxidative stability was generated on composite surface, which plays a vital role in flame retardancy. The removal of MH by acid erosion on PP/MH/EG/MRP composite surface does not affect production of intumescent char and fire behavior of this composite. The composite displays good fire retardancy, smoke inhibition, and acid resistivity concurrently. This article renders an easy and cheap route to overcome the main faults of MH.