bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis compares and evaluates drought and flooding tolerances of maize germplasm
Authors: Wang Guo Yun , Ahmad Shakeel , Wang Yong , Wang Bing Wei , Huang Jing Hua , Jahan Mohammad Shah , Zhou Xun Bo , Shi Cheng Qiao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Drought and flooding are the two most important environmental factors limiting maize (Zea mays L.) production globally. This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanisms and accurate evaluation indicators and methods of maize germplasm involved in drought and flooding stresses. The twice replicated pot experiments with 60 varieties, combined with the field validation experiment with 3 varieties, were conducted under well-watered, drought, and flooding conditions. Most varieties exhibited stronger tolerance to drought than flooding due to higher antioxidant enzyme activities, osmotic adjustment substances, and lower reactive oxygen species. In contrast, flooding stress resulted in higher levels of reactive oxygen species (particularly O2−), ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and soluble sugars but lower levels of superoxide dismutase, proline, and soluble protein compared with well-watered conditions. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, soluble sugars, and protein contents, in addition to plant height, leaf area/plant, and stem diameter, were accurate and representative indicators for evaluating maize tolerance to drought and flooding stresses and could determine a relatively high mean forecast accuracy of 100.0% for the comprehensive evaluation value. A total of 4 principal components were extracted, in which different principal components played a vital role in resisting different water stresses. Finally, the accuracy of the 3 varieties screened by multivariate analysis was verified in the field. This study provides insights into the different physiological mechanisms and accurate evaluation methods of maize germplasm involved in drought and flooding stresses, which could be valuable for further research and breeding.
Extracellular vesicles contribute to early cyst development in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by cell‐to‐cell communication
Authors: Carotti Valentina , van Megen Wouter H. , Rigalli Juan P. , Barros Eric R. , Sommers Vera , Rutten Luco , Sommerdijk Nico , Peters Dorien J. M. , van Asbeck‐van der Wijst Jenny , Hoenderop Joost G. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the formation of fluid‐filled cysts within the kidney due to mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Although the disease remains incompletely understood, one of the factors associated with ADPKD progression is the release of nucleotides (including ATP), which can initiate autocrine or paracrine purinergic signaling by binding to their receptors. Recently, we and others have shown that increased extracellular vesicle (EVs) release from PKD1 knockout cells can stimulate cyst growth through effects on recipient cells. Given that EVs are an important communicator between different nephron segments, we hypothesize that EVs released from PKD1 knockout distal convoluted tubule (DCT) cells can stimulate cyst growth in the downstream collecting duct (CD). Here, we show that administration of EVs derived from Pkd1−/− mouse distal convoluted tubule (mDCT15) cells result in a significant increase in extracellular ATP release from Pkd1−/− mouse inner medullary collecting duct (iMCD3) cells. In addition, exposure of Pkd1−/− iMCD3 cells to EVs derived from Pkd1−/− mDCT15 cells led to an increase in the phosphorylation of the serine/threonine‐specific protein Akt, suggesting activation of proliferative pathways. Finally, the exposure of iMCD3 Pkd1−/− cells to mDCT15 Pkd1−/− EVs increased cyst size in Matrigel. These findings indicate that EVs could be involved in intersegmental communication between the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct and potentially stimulate cyst growth.
Improving Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outpatient Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Driven by Increasing Utilization of Ambulatory Surgical Centers in New York State
Authors: Amen Troy B. , Chatterjee Abhinaba , Dekhne Mihir , Rudisill Samuel S. , Subramanian Tejas , Song Junho , Kazarian Gregory , Morse Kyle , Iyer Sravisht , Qureshi Sheeraz 
Published: May 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to assess trends in disparities in utilization of hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) and ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) for outpatient ACDF (OP-ACDF) between white, Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander patients from 2015-2018 in New York state.

Summary of Background Data.
Racial and ethnic disparities within the field of spine surgery have been thoroughly documented. To date, it remains unknown how these disparities have evolved in the outpatient setting alongside the rapid emergence of ASCs and whether restrictive patterns of access to these outpatient centers exist by race and ethnicity.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective review from 2015-2018 using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) New York State Ambulatory Database. Differences in utilization rates for OP-ACDF were assessed and trended over time by race and ethnicity for both HOPDs and freestanding ASCs. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between utilization rates for OP-ACDF and race/ethnicity.

Results.
Between 2015-2018, Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients were less likely to undergo OP-ACDF compared to white patients in New York state. However, the magnitude of these disparities lessened over time, as Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients had greater relative increases in utilization of HOPDs and ASCs for ACDF when compared to white patients (p

trend
<0.001). The magnitude of the increase in freestanding ASC utilization was such that minority patients had higher ACDF utilization rates in freestanding ASCs by 2018 (P<0.001).

Conclusion.
We found evidence of improving racial disparities in the relative utilization of outpatient ACDF in New York state. The increase in access to outpatient ACDF appeared to be driven by an increasing number of patients undergoing ACDF in freestanding ASCs in large metropolitan areas. These improving disparities are encouraging and contrast previously documented inequalities in inpatient spine surgery.

Level of Evidence.
III
Significance of Basal Cell Carcinomas Exhibiting Intravascular Invasion
Authors: Bae Edward , Breen Catherine , Vidal Eduardo , Anderson-Dockter Heidi , Snow Stephen N. , Liu Rosemarie H. , Longley Bruce Jack , Iwamoto Satori 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Intravascular invasion of tumor cells can be associated with metastasis in many cancers. Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), however, rarely metastasize; therefore, the clinical impact of intravascularly invasive BCC (IVBCC) is currently unclear. Because of these facts and the rarity of IVBCC, questions have arisen on whether IVBCC truly exists. We present 4 cases of IVBCC: one case with obvious tumor islands within immunolabeled blood vessels in the context of advanced disease and 3 cases found incidentally during Mohs micrographic surgery. We discuss the difficulty in studying IVBCC, the idea that it could be due to artifact, and the lack of direct clinical–pathological correlation. Given these challenges, we propose diagnostic criteria for IVBCC to decrease ambiguity for pathological diagnosis. Such criteria may facilitate further studies on the clinical significance of IVBCC.
Amalgamation of Toll-Like Receptor and Hypoxic Signaling in Etiology of Preeclampsia
Authors: Aggarwal Ruby , Jain Arun Kumar , Mehta Vandana , Rath Gayatri 
Published: May 2023

Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) (TLR-4, HMGB1, NFκB, IκBα) and hypoxic (HIF-1α, HIF-1β, PHD, pVHL) pathway proteins in the placenta of preeclamptic pregnant women after 28 weeks of gestational period. A possible association between these 2 pathways was also explored. A total of 194 placental tissues of preeclamptic as well as healthy pregnant women were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. On the basis of gestational age, the samples were divided into 2 groups, I (28–36 wk) and II (36 wk onwards), with 55 and 139 samples in the respective groups. The expression of both TLR (TLR-4, HMGB1, NFκB, IκBα) and hypoxic (HIF-1α, HIF-1β, PHD, pVHL) pathway proteins were significantly modulated in the placental tissues of preeclampsia as compared with control. The 2 pathways were interlinked in preeclampsia. This study highlights the intercorrelation of both TLR and hypoxic signalling pathways that may be a causative factor for the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Impact of Tissue Expander Surface Texture on Two-Stage Breast Reconstruction Outcomes: A Combined Analysis
Authors: Park Benjamin C. , Alving-Trinh Alexandra L. , Prigmore Heather L. , Harrell Frank E. , Sarhane Karim , Joseph Jeremy T. , Thomas Harrison , Lupi Alexander L. , Perdikis Galen , Higdon Kent K. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
With ongoing investigations of the impact of device texturing on breast implant–associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), studies have begun comparing complication profiles of tissue expanders. However, there is a paucity of timing and severity data of complications. The aim of this study was to provide a comparative survival analysis of postoperative complications between smooth (STEs) and textured tissue expanders (TTEs) in breast reconstruction.

Methods:
A single-institution experience with tissue expander breast reconstruction was reviewed for complications up to 1 year after second-stage reconstruction from 2014 to 2020. Demographics, comorbidities, operation-related variables, and complications were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazard models, and a consensus-based ordinal logistic regression model were used to compare complication profiles.

Results:
Of 919 total patients, 600 (65.3%) received TTEs and 319 (34.7%) received STEs. There was increased risk of infection (P < 0.0001), seroma (P = 0.046), expander malposition (P < 0.0001), and wound dehiscence (P = 0.019) in STEs compared with TTEs. However, there was also a decreased risk of capsular contracture (P = 0.005) in STEs compared with TTEs. Failure of breast reconstruction (P < 0.001) and wound dehiscence (P = 0.018) occurred significantly earlier in STEs compared with TTEs. Predictors for significantly higher severity complications included the following: smooth tissue expander use (P = 0.007), shorter time to complication (P < 0.0001), higher body mass index (P = 0.005), smoking history (P = 0.025), and nipple-sparing mastectomy (P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
Differences in the timing and severity of complications contribute to the safety profiles of tissue expanders. STEs are associated with increased odds of higher severity and earlier complications. Therefore, tissue expander selection may depend on underlying risk factors and severity predictors.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
A Systematic Review and Revised Meta-analysis of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model of Workplace Stress and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures of Stress
Authors: Eddy Pennie , Wertheim Eleanor H. , Hale Matthew W. , Wright Bradley J. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Despite considerable research in the past 20 years into associations between the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model and various health outcomes, the mechanisms responsible for the association remain unclear. Our meta-analysis assessed the associations of ERI and overcommitment (OC) in the workplace with measures from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched with the phrase “effort * reward * imbalance,” which yielded 319 studies leading to 56 full-text studies being screened. Thirty-two studies within 14 articles met the inclusion criteria and were meta-analyzed using mixed- and random-effects models.

Results
Greater ERI was associated with increased HPA axis activity (r = 0.05, p = .02, k = 14, n = 2461). The cortisol waking concentrations (r = 0.11, p = .02, k = 6, n = 493) were the only subgroup associated with ERI. Meta-regression revealed that studies that contained more men had stronger ERI to HPA marker associations. When all HPA markers were considered collectively, OC was not associated with greater HPA axis activity (r = 0.01, p = .70, k = 10, n = 1684), with only cortisol (pm) associated with OC (r = −0.24, p = .02, k = 2, n = 95).

Conclusions
ERI and OC were associated with HPA responsivity. Although the cortisol waking concentrations and not the CAR were associated with ERI, this may be due to heterogeneity in the experience of stress between studies. Future studies should consider the concurrent assessment of burnout to better assist the interpretation of ERI with HPA responsivity.
Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis With Bone-borne Intraoral Buccal Devices for Maxillary Hypoplasia With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Yamagata Kenji , Mohri Tamaki , Watanabe Atsushi , Bukawa Moeka , Uchida Fumihiko , Fukuzawa Satoshi , Ishibashi-Kanno Naomi , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: May 2023

Anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis (AMDO) surgery for cleft lip and palate involves distraction of a segment of the anterior maxilla and advancement using 2 intraoral buccal bone-borne distraction devices. The anterior part of the maxilla is advanced anteriorly with less relapse which increases maxillary length and does not affect speech. We aimed to evaluate the effects of AMDO, including lateral cephalometric changes. Seventeen patients who had undergone this procedure were included in this retrospective study. The distractors were activated by 0.5 mm twice a day after a 3-day latency period. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated preoperatively, after distraction and removal of distractors, which were compared using the paired Student’s t test. Anterior maxillary advancement was obtained in all patients with a median of 8.0 mm. Complications included nasal bleeding and loosening of distractors; however, there was no tooth damage or abnormal movement. The mean sella-nasion-A point (SNA) angle increased significantly, from 74.91° ﻿to 79.66°, the A point-nasion-B point angle from -0.38° to 4.34°, and the perpendicular line from nasion to Frankfort Horizontal (NV)-A point from -5.11 to 0.08 mm. The mean anterior nasal spine-posterior nasal spine length increased significantly from 50.74 to 55.10 mm, and the NV-Nose Tip from 23.59 to 26.27 mm. The mean relapse rate of NV-A was 11.1%. AMDO with bone-borne distractor resulted in less relapse and effectively ﻿corrected the maxillary retrusion.
Gracilimonas sediminicola sp. nov., a moderately halotolerant bacterium isolated from seaweed sediment collected in the East Sea, Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Yunjeong , Weerawongwiwat Veeraya , Kim Jong-Hwa , Yoon Jung-Hoon , Lee Jung-Sook , Sukhoom Ampaitip , Kim Wonyong 
Published: May 2023

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain CAU 1638T, was isolated from seaweed sediment collected in the Republic of Korea. The cells of strain CAU 1638T grew at 25–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–7.0 (optimum, pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0–10% NaCl (optimum, 2 %). The cells were positive for catalase and oxidase and did not hydrolyse starch and casein. Strain CAU 1638T was most closely related to

Gracilimonas amylolytica

KCTC 52885T (97.7 %), followed by

Gracilimonas halophila

KCTC 52042T (97.4 %),

Gracilimonas rosea

KCCM 90206T (97.2 %),

Gracilimonas tropica

KCCM 90063T and

Gracilimonas mengyeensis

DSM 21985T (97.1 %), as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone, and iso-C15  : 0 and C15  : 1
ω6c were the major fatty acids. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. The G+C content of the genome was 44.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain CAU 1638T and the reference strains were 73.1–73.9 % and 18.9–21.5  %, respectively. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CAU 1638T represents a novel species of the genus

Gracilimonas

, for which the name Gracilimonas sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1638T (=KCTC 82454T=MCCC 1K06087T).
An Explainable and Robust Deep Learning Approach for Automated Electroencephalography-based Schizophrenia Diagnosis
Authors: Sattiraju Abhinav , Ellis Charles A. , Miller Robyn L. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects millions globally. Current diagnosis of SZ is symptom-based, which poses difficulty due to the variability of symptoms across patients. To this end, many recent studies have developed deep learning methods for automated diagnosis of SZ, especially using raw EEG, which provides high temporal precision. For such methods to be productionized, they must be both explainable and robust. Explainable models are essential to identify biomarkers of SZ, and robust models are critical to learn generalizable patterns, especially amidst changes in the implementation environment. One common example is channel loss during EEG recording, which could be detrimental to classifier performance. In this study, we developed a novel channel dropout (CD) approach to increase the robustness of explainable deep learning models trained on EEG data for SZ diagnosis to channel loss. We developed a baseline convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture and implement our approach as a CD layer added to the baseline (CNN-CD). We then applied two explainability approaches to both models for insight into learned spatial and spectral features and show that the application of CD decreases model sensitivity to channel loss. The CNN and CNN-CD achieved accuracies of 81.9% and 80.9% on testing data, respectively. Furthermore, our models heavily prioritized the parietal electrodes and the α-band, which is supported by existing literature. It is our hope that this study motivates the further development of explainable and robust models and bridges the transition from research to application in a clinical decision support role.
Value-based search efficiency is encoded in substantia nigra reticulata firing rate, spiking irregularity and local field potential
Authors: Narmashiri Abdolvahed , Abbaszadeh Mojtaba , Nadian Mohammad Hossein , Ghazizadeh Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent results show that valuable objects can pop-out in visual search yet its neural mechanisms remain unexplored. Given the role of substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) in object value memory and control of gaze, we recorded its single unit activity while male macaque monkeys engaged in efficient or inefficient search for a valuable target object among low-value objects. Results showed that efficient search was concurrent with stronger inhibition and higher spiking irregularity in target present (TP) compared to target absent (TA) trials in SNr. Importantly, the firing rate differentiation of TP and TA trials happened within ∼100ms of display onset and its magnitude was significantly correlated with the search times and slopes (aka search efficiency). Time-frequency analyses of local field potential (LFP) after display onset revealed significant modulations of gamma band power with search efficiency. The greater reduction of SNr firing in TP trials in efficient search can create a stronger disinhibition of downstream superior colliculus which in turn can facilitate saccade to obtain valuable targets in competitive environments.Significant statementMost times we have to find a few relevant or highly valued objects among many objects that surround us. When our target objects are not distinct from their surroundings based on low-level features, searching for them becomes tedious and slow. Nevertheless, recent findings show that valuable objects can be found efficiently and fast if they have been repeatedly paired with reward. Our results show that the rate and pattern of spiking as well as local voltage fluctuations in the basal ganglia output which is known to control attention and saccade correlate with such value-driven search efficiency. Thus, in addition to reward learning, basal ganglia can have a role in skillful interactions with and rapid detection of rewarding objects.
Individualized network analysis reveals link between the gut microbiome, diet intervention and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liu Yimeng , Amit Guy , Zhao Xiaolei , Wu Na , Li Daqing , Bashan Amir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), a serious complication during pregnancy which is defined by abnormal glucose regulation, is commonly treated by diabetic diet and lifestyle changes. While recent findings place the microbiome as a natural mediator between diet interventions and diverse disease states, its role in GDM is still unknown. Here, based on observation data from healthy pregnant control group and GDM patients, we developed a new network approach using patterns of co-abundance of microorganism to construct microbial networks that represent human-specific information about gut microbiota in different groups. By calculating network similarity in different groups, we analyze the gut microbiome from 27 GDM subjects collected before and after two weeks of diet therapy compared with 30 control subjects to identify the health condition of microbial community balance in GDM subjects. Although the microbial communities remain similar after the diet phase, we find that the structure of their inter-species co-abundance network is significantly altered, which is reflected in that the ecological balance of GDM patients was not "healthier" after the diet intervention. In addition, we devised a method for individualized network analysis of the microbiome, thereby a pattern is found that individuals with large deviations in microbial networks are usually accompanied by their abnormal glucose regulation. This approach may help the development of individualized diagnosis strategies and microbiome-based therapies in the future.Author SummaryIn this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiome in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition that affects pregnant women and is characterized by abnormal glucose regulation. Specifically, we asked whether and how the gut microbiome is affected by diabetic diet which is commonly used to treat GDM patients. We developed a new network approach to analyze patterns of co-abundance of microorganisms in the gut microbiota of GDM patients and healthy pregnant women. Our findings show that although the microbial communities remained similar after the diet phase, the structure of their inter-species co-abundance network was significantly altered, indicating that the ecological balance of GDM patients was not "healthier" after the diet intervention. Furthermore, we suggest that abnormal glucose regulation is associated with large network deviations, which could lead to the development of individualized microbiome-based therapies in the future. Our work highlights the importance of studying the microbiome from a network perspective to better understand the dynamic interactions among microorganisms in the community balance of the microbiome.