bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable deep neural network for in-plain defect detection during additive manufacturing
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Liu Yongxin , Song Houbing , Namilae Sirish 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning framework for additive manufacturing (AM), that can detect different defect types without being trained on specific defect data sets and can be applied for real-time process control.

Design/methodology/approach
This study develops an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) framework, a zero-bias deep neural network (DNN) model for real-time defect detection during the AM process. In this method, the last dense layer of the DNN is replaced by two consecutive parts, a regular dense layer denoted (L1) for dimensional reduction, and a similarity matching layer (L2) for equal weight and non-biased cosine similarity matching. Grayscale images of 3D printed samples acquired during printing were used as the input to the zero-bias DNN.

Findings
This study demonstrates that the approach is capable of successfully detecting multiple types of defects such as cracks, stringing and warping with high accuracy without any prior training on defective data sets, with an accuracy of 99.5%.

Practical implications
Once the model is set up, the computational time for anomaly detection is lower than the speed of image acquisition indicating the potential for real-time process control. It can also be used to minimize manual processing in AI-enabled AM.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use zero-bias DNN, an explainable AI approach for defect detection in AM.
Women empowerment in tourism: progressing the research agenda
Authors: Efthymiadou Fani , Farmaki Anna 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This review paper aims to contribute to the growing literature on women empowerment in tourism by identifying knowledge gaps that may offer opportunities for further research.

Design/methodology/approach
A critical review of the literature on women empowerment in tourism was conducted.

Findings
The review reveals four knowledge gaps in relation to methodology, geographical location, study context and theoretical framework adopted. Pertinent research includes mostly qualitative research with a focus on non-Western geographical locations. Studies examined women empowerment in relation to alternative tourism forms with several not adopting a theoretical framework. Based on these gaps, suggestions for further research are made.

Research limitations/implications
Although this paper does not aim at providing an exhaustive review of the gender literature, it highlights the narrow focus placed on women empowerment in tourism and suggests avenues for further research.

Originality/value
Women empowerment has only recently begun to attract attention in tourism. This paper adds to extant knowledge on gender tourism studies by suggesting ways to achieve gender equality for sustainable development.
Gamification impact on tourists’ pro-sustainability intentions: integration of technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB)
Authors: Abou Kamar Mahmoud , Maher Azza , Salem Islam Elbayoumi , Elbaz Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study used an integrated model that incorporates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to empirically investigate how eco-gamification stimulates users' sustainability knowledge and, consequently, their pro-sustainable intentions through the mediating roles of sustainable knowledge and psychological and social norms. Thus, the study aims to examine users'’ experiences with the JouleBug app, which is designed to encourage users to complete at least one daily green task.

Design/methodology/approach
After a trial period of two weeks, a total of 360 participants completed the post-game survey during the research process.

Findings
The findings from the structural equation modeling and data analysis indicated a good fit for the model. The findings demonstrate that usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment of eco-gamification enrich users' sustainability knowledge, which, in turn, strongly influences their pro-sustainable intentions. According to the findings, the three factors of TPB have a significant impact on users' pro-sustainability intentions. Both sustainable knowledge and social cues play mediating roles in such relationships.

Practical implications
This study advocates that eco-gamification can be used as a platform to modify tourists’ pro-sustainability intentions in emerging tourism and technology destinations such as Egypt. Hence, this study offers significant information to tourism planners and other stakeholders on tourists’ behavioural intentions.

Originality/value
This study examined the effectiveness of an integrated model of TAM and TBP in predicting tourists’ intentions to use eco-gamification to improve the sustainability of tourist destinations.
Marketing horti-tourism and rural development for leveraging tourism agenda 2030: a perspective article
Authors: Mohammed Iddrisu , Mahmoud Mahmoud Abdulai , Hinson Robert Ebo 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to draw the attention of the academic scholars to how marketing of horti-tourism can take action to contribute to tourism agenda 2030.

Design/methodology/approach
Reviewing literature on tourism, this paper builds a case for marketing horti-tourism based on the research gaps in literature, and future research directions are proposed to aid in the achievement of tourism agenda 2030.

Findings
Scholarly research on horti-tourism remains scarce, and more research attention is suggested on this subject matter. The tourism sector produced varied forms of tourism where horti-tourism is associated with horticulture farms, vegetable gardens and flower gardens which provide direct gains such as employment creation, foreign currency earnings, income generation source, poverty reduction and other gainful commercial activities. Despite the importance attached to this form of tourism in literature, less research has been conducted to market its relevance to nations and businesses. Much academic studies are needed to project this form of tourism.

Originality/value
This perspective paper serves as a call for tourism firms, governments and other stakeholders within and outside to make theoretical and practical contributions by marketing horti-tourism destinations to visitors which aid in the UN Tourism Agenda of 2030.
Long‐term herbivore removal experiments reveal how geese and reindeer shape vegetation and ecosystem CO2‐fluxes in high‐Arctic tundra
Authors: Petit Bon Matteo , Hansen Brage B. , Loonen Maarten J. J. E. , Petraglia Alessandro , Bråthen Kari Anne , Böhner Hanna , Layton‐Matthews Kate , Beard Karen H. , Le Moullec Mathilde , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , van der Wal René 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Given the current rates of climate change, with associated shifts in herbivore population densities, understanding the role of different herbivores in ecosystem functioning is critical for predicting ecosystem responses. Here, we examined how migratory geese and resident, non‐migratory reindeer—two dominating yet functionally contrasting herbivores—control vegetation and ecosystem processes in rapidly warming Arctic tundra.

We collected vegetation and ecosystem carbon (C) flux data at peak plant growing season in the two longest running, fully replicated herbivore removal experiments found in high‐Arctic Svalbard. Experiments had been set up independently in wet habitat utilised by barnacle geese Branta leucopsis in summer and in moist‐to‐dry habitat utilised by wild reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus year‐round.

Excluding geese induced vegetation state transitions from heavily grazed, moss‐dominated (only 4 g m−2 of live above‐ground vascular plant biomass) to ungrazed, graminoid‐dominated (60 g m−2 after 4‐year exclusion) and horsetail‐dominated (150 g m−2 after 15‐year exclusion) tundra. This caused large increases in vegetation C and nitrogen (N) pools, dead biomass and moss‐layer depth. Alterations in plant N concentration and CN ratio suggest overall slower plant community nutrient dynamics in the short‐term (4‐year) absence of geese. Long‐term (15‐year) goose removal quadrupled net ecosystem C sequestration (NEE) by increasing ecosystem photosynthesis more than ecosystem respiration (ER).

Excluding reindeer for 21 years also produced detectable increases in live above‐ground vascular plant biomass (from 50 to 80 g m−2; without promoting vegetation state shifts), as well as in vegetation C and N pools, dead biomass, moss‐layer depth and ER. Yet, reindeer removal did not alter the chemistry of plants and soil or NEE.

Synthesis. Although both herbivores were key drivers of ecosystem structure and function, the control exerted by geese in their main habitat (wet tundra) was much more pronounced than that exerted by reindeer in their main habitat (moist‐to‐dry tundra). Importantly, these herbivore effects are scale dependent, because geese are more spatially concentrated and thereby affect a smaller portion of the tundra landscape compared to reindeer. Our results highlight the substantial heterogeneity in how herbivores shape tundra vegetation and ecosystem processes, with implications for ongoing environmental change.
Detecting value(s): Digital biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and the valuation of new diagnostic technologies
Authors: Costa Alessia , Milne Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article explores how the meanings and values of diagnosis are being reconfigured at the interface between technological innovation and imaginaries of precision medicine. From genome sequencing to biological and digital ‘markers’ of disease, technological innovation occupies an increasingly central space in the way we imagine future health and illness. These imaginaries are usually centred on the promise of faster, more precise and personalised diagnosis, and the associated hope that if detected early enough disease can be effectively treated and prevented. Underpinning and reproduced through these narratives of the future is a re‐conceptualisation of diagnostic processes and categories around the anticipation of future risk, as noted by recent theoretical developments in the sociology of diagnosis and related disciplines. Adding to this literature, in this article we explore what makes these emerging diagnostic arrangements valuable, to whom and how. Drawing on interviews with experts involved in the development of digital biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease, we trace how multiple and at times conflicting applications of the tools, and the value(s) attached to them, are coproduced. We thus ask what possibilities are pursued, or foreclosed, through the work of imagining the future of diagnosis.
Still proud at the polls? LGBT+ rights don't dilute the sexuality turnout gap
Authors: GRAHN MICHAL 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent research has shown that sexual and/or gender minority voters are prone to mobilizing when LGBT+ issues are on the political agenda. This increased level of political engagement is attributed to the experience of discrimination, understood both in legal and social terms, which spurs LGBT+ individuals to participate with the aim of advancing their rights. However, a crucial question remains unanswered: do these gaps in participation persist in contexts where core LGBT+ rights are protected? Drawing from comprehensive and verified data on the population of Sweden, this study finds evidence of a positive and sustained sexuality‐driven voter turnout gap across multiple elections. This gap manifests itself both shortly and a decade after the enactment of same‐sex marriage and shows no tangible signs of abating. In addition to improving our knowledge of political participation patterns among sexual minorities, these findings underscore the potential role of minority rights protection as a mechanism to ensure enduring inclusion of social minority groups within democratic processes.
Prioritization of clinical questions for the Australian Living Guideline for the Pharmacological Management of Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Whittle Samuel L. , Glennon Vanessa , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimLiving guidelines aim to reduce delays in translating new knowledge into practice by updating individual recommendations as soon as relevant new evidence emerges. We surveyed members of the Australian Rheumatology Association (ARA) to develop a list of priority questions for the Australian Living Guideline for the Pharmacological Management of Inflammatory Arthritis (ALG) and to explore clinicians' use of clinical practice guidelines.MethodsAn electronic survey of ARA members was performed in two phases. The first survey contained questions about current guideline use and beliefs and invited participants to submit at least three questions relevant to the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the second round, participants selected 10 questions they considered to be the highest priority from the collated list and ranked them in priority order. The sum of ranks was used to generate a final priority list.ResultsThere were 115 (21%) and 78 (14%) responses to the first and second survey rounds respectively. 87% of respondents use existing rheumatology guidelines in their usual practice, primarily EULAR guidelines. Most respondents favored the development of Australian rheumatology guidelines. In total, 34 potential recommendation topics were identified and ranked in order of priority.ConclusionA list of 34 clinical questions about RA management, ranked in order of importance by clinicians, has informed the development of the ALG. Similar prioritization exercises in other contexts may permit guidelines to be tailored to the needs of guideline users in their specific context, which may facilitate international collaboration and promote efficient translation of evidence to practice.
Detection, fate and transport of the biohazardous agent Toxoplasma gondii in soil water systems: Influence of soil physicochemical properties, water chemistry and surfactant
Authors: Kinsey Erin N. , Korte Caroline , Gouasmia Sohib , L'Ollivier Coralie , Dubey Jitender P. , Dumètre Aurélien , Darnault Christophe J.G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA series of laboratory experiments were conducted to study the fate and transport of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soils as a function of soil physicochemical properties and soil water chemistry properties. Soil columns were homogeneously packed with loamy sand soils (Lewiston and Greenson series) and sandy loam soils (Sparta and Gilford series), and subject to hydrologic conditions characterized by the absence and presence of an anionic surfactant—Aerosol 22 in the artificial rainfall. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilized for the detection and enumeration of oocysts in soil leachates to evaluate their breakthrough and in soil matrices to examine their spatial distribution. Differences in the rate and extent of transport of oocysts were observed as a function of physical and chemical parameters tested. The breakthrough of oocysts was observed for all the soils irrespective of the presence of surfactant. However, in the absence of surfactant, the predominant fate of oocysts in soils subject to simulated rainfall was their retention in the soil profile. The presence of surfactant induced a change in the fate of oocysts in these soils exposed to rainfall simulation as the predominant fate of oocysts was found to be in the soil leachates.
Radiofrequency ablation for stage <IIB non‐small cell lung cancer: Opportunities, challenges, and the road ahead
Authors: Zhao Qing , Wang Jing , Fu Yi‐li , Hu Bin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPulmonary carcinoma represents the second common cancer for human race while its mortality rate ranked the first all over the world. Surgery remains the primary option for early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in some surgical traditions. Nevertheless, only less than half of patients are operable subjected to the limited lung function and multiple primary/metastatic lesions. Recent improvements in minimally invasive surgical techniques have made the procedure accessible to more patients, but this percentage still does not exceed half. In recent years, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), one of the thermal ablation procedures, has gradually advanced in the treatment of lung cancer in addition to being utilized to treat breast and liver cancer. Several guidelines, including the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), include RFA as an option for some patients with NSCLC although the level of evidence is mostly limited to retrospective studies. In this review, we emphasize the use of the RFA technique in patients with early‐stage NSCLC and provide an overview of the RFA indication population, prognosis status, and complications. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of RFA proposed in existing studies are compared with surgical treatment and radiotherapy. Due to the high rate of gene mutation and immunocompetence in NSCLC, there are considerable challenges to clinical translation of combining targeted drugs or immunotherapy with RFA that the field has only recently begun to fully appreciate.
Preparedness and competency of New Zealand graduates for general dental practice – perceptions from the workforce
Authors: Friedlander LT , Wallace WDA , Broadbent JM , Hanlin SM. , Lyons KM , Cannon RD , Cooper PR 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundDental graduates need to demonstrate clinical competency. This mixed‐methods study explored the perceptions of clinicians who employ or work with new graduates from the University of Otago, New Zealand, and identified themes reflecting graduates’ preparedness for independent practice.MethodsAn online survey using a semantic differential scale and open‐ended questions collected opinions and experiences from the workforce. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS software, and qualitative data were analysed thematically.ResultsA representative sample of the workforce was obtained with a response rate of 35% (N = 83). Most clinicians engage new graduates to support the profession and/or rural communities. They perceived that graduates were well prepared in most areas, could translate theory to clinical practice and demonstrate professionalism. Graduates were reportedly stronger in basic dentistry, communication, ethics, and record keeping however were less strong in complex treatment planning, molar endodontics, fixed prosthodontics and exodontia. Clinical exposure during dental training was perceived as more limited, and mentoring and guidance in the transition to practice were deemed to be important.ConclusionsNew Zealand dental graduates appear prepared for independent practice; however, maximising clinical opportunities during training, mentoring and early professional development in advanced areas of practice is essential to enhance competency and confidence.
Improving standard practices in studies using results from basic human semen examination
Authors: Björndahl Lars , Esteves Sandro C. , Ferlin Alberto , Jørgensen Niels , O'Flaherty Cristian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide an explanation of the background behind a checklist that declares the laboratory methods used in a scientific study. It focuses primarily on implementing laboratory procedures to yield reliable results in basic semen examinations. While the World Health Organization (WHO) and international standards provide recommendations for basic semen examination, manuscripts submitted to Andrology frequently lack transparency regarding the specific techniques used. In addition, the terminology used for semen examination results often fails to provide a clear definition of the groups under study. Furthermore, the WHO's reference limits are often misinterpreted as strict boundaries between fertility and infertility. It is important to note that valid clinical andrological diagnoses and treatments cannot rely solely on semen examination results; they require proper laboratory procedures as a foundation for diagnosing and treating male patients. Therefore, scientific journals should promote the adoption of robust laboratory practices and an accurate definition of patient groups. A checklist can facilitate the design of high‐quality studies and the creation of informative publications. Further, it can help journals assess submitted manuscripts and improve the overall quality of their publications.
Prognostic significance of the Holter‐derived T‐wave variability in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute coronary syndrome—TWIST study
Authors: Makino Taro , Ichikawa Tomohide , Amino Mari , Nakamura Mari , Koshikawa Masayuki , Motoike Yuji , Nomura Yoshihiro , Harada Masahide , Sobue Yoshihiro , Watanabe Eiichi , Kiyono Ken , Yoshioka Koichiro , Ikari Yuji , Ozaki Yukio , Izawa Hideo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the association between ventricular repolarization instability and sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) occurring within 48 h (acute‐phase VT/VF) after the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the prognostic role of repolarization instability and heart rate variability (HRV) after discharge from the hospital.MethodsWe studied 572 ACS patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction >35%. The ventricular repolarization instability was assessed by the beat‐to‐beat T‐wave amplitude variability (TAV) using high‐resolution 24‐h Holter ECGs recorded at a median of 11 days from the date of admission. We calculated the HRV parameters including the deceleration capacity (DC) and non‐Gaussian index calculated on a 25 s timescale (λ25s). The DC and λ25s were dichotomized based on previous studies' thresholds.ResultsAcute‐phase VT/VF developed in 43 (7.5%) patients. In‐hospital mortality was significantly higher among VT/VF patients (4.7% vs. 0.9%, p = .03). An adjusted logistic model showed that the maximum TAV (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.29, p = .04) was associated with acute‐phase VT/VF. During a median follow‐up period of 2.1 years, 19 (3.3%) patients had cardiac deaths or resuscitated cardiac arrest. Acute‐phase VT/VF (p = .12) and TAV (p = .72) were not significant predictors of survival. An age and sex‐adjusted Cox model showed that the DC (p < .01), λ25s (p < .01), and emergency coronary intervention (p < .01) were independent predictors.ConclusionT‐wave amplitude variability was associated with acute‐phase VT/VF, but the TAV was not predictive of survival post‐discharge. The DC, λ25s, and emergency coronary intervention were independent predictors of survival.
Embedding latent class regression and latent class distal outcome models into cluster‐weighted latent class analysis: a detailed simulation experiment
Authors: Di Mari Roberto , Punzo Antonio , Bakk Zsuzsa 
Published: September 2023

SummaryUsually in latent class (LC) analysis, external predictors are taken to be cluster conditional probability predictors (LC models with external predictors), and/or score conditional probability predictors (LC regression models). In such cases, their distribution is not of interest. Class‐specific distribution is of interest in the distal outcome model, when the distribution of the external variables is assumed to depend on LC membership. In this paper, we consider a more general formulation, that embeds both the LC regression and the distal outcome models, as is typically done in cluster‐weighted modelling. This allows us to investigate (1) whether the distribution of the external variables differs across classes, (2) whether there are significant direct effects of the external variables on the indicators, by modelling jointly the relationship between the external and the latent variables. We show the advantages of the proposed modelling approach through a set of artificial examples, an extensive simulation study and an empirical application about psychological contracts among employees and employers in Belgium and the Netherlands.