bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin levels with asthma control status in patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Ban Ga‐Young , Yang Eun‐Mi , Ye Young‐Min , Park Hae‐Sim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term goals of asthma treatment are to achieve well control of symptoms and to minimize the future risk of asthma exacerbation. Identifying biomarkers for uncontrolled asthma is important for improving the asthma outcome. This study aimed to investigate the association of the levels of eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (EDN) with asthma control status in specific asthma phenotype, aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and aspirin‐tolerant asthma (ATA).MethodsA total of 136 adult asthmatics, including 47 asthmatics with AERD and 89 asthmatics with ATA, were enrolled. Plasma, sputum, and urine were collected at enrollment and the levels of EDN were measured by the K‐EDN ELISA kit. Urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) level was measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS)/MS methods. Asthma control status was evaluated according to the GINA guideline, asthma control test and asthma control questionnaire scores.ResultsIn the total study subjects, sputum levels of EDN as well as of urine and plasma EDN showed significantly higher levels in patients with uncontrolled asthma than in those with well‐controlled or partly‐controlled asthma (ANOVA, p < 0.001); in patients with AERD, the sputum EDN levels showed significant correlations with ACT, ACQ, and AQLQ scores (p = 0.010, r = −0.536, p = 0.001, r = 0.665, and p < 0.001, r = −0.691, respectively), while no differences were noted in patients with ATA. Sputum EDN level was the only significant factor for ACT, ACQ, and AQLQ scores in patients with AERD (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) in the multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, peripheral eosinophil count, and urine LTE4. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that sputum EDN can predict uncontrolled asthma with 80% sensitivity and 88.2% specificity for ACT ≤ 19 (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.824, p = 0.019); 71.4% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity for ACQ ≥ 1.5 (AUC = 0.752, p = 0.049) only in AERD patients.ConclusionThe level of sputum EDN may be a potential biomarker for identifying the asthma control status in patients with AERD.
1‐Phospha‐Butadienes and 1H‐Phospholes via Alkynylation of Acetylenic Phosphaalkenes
Authors: Anwar Shameem Muhammad , Kumar Gupta Arvind , Erdelyi Mate , Orthaber Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon‐rich motifs are important building blocks for the fabrication of functional and opto‐electronic materials. Electronic tuning can be achieved by alteration of bonding topologies but also via incorporation of heteroelements, for example phosphorus. Herein we present the palladium/copper mediated formation of branched 1‐phospha‐butadiene derivatives through an unusual alkynylation of a phospha‐enyne fragment. Structural and NMR studies provide mechanistic insights into this alkynylation. Furthermore, we disclose a complex cyclisation of the thus obtained 3‐yne‐1‐phosphabutadiene motifs to give highly substituted phosphole derivatives identified by 2D NMR and SC‐XRD analysis.
Incorporation of Bismuth Increases the Electrocatalytic Activity of Cobalt Borates for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Thomas Belvin , Tang Chaoyun , Ramírez‐Hernández Maricely , Asefa Tewodros 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of durable and efficient electrocatalysts composed of low‐cost, earth‐abundant metals for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for industrial‐scale water splitting to produce green hydrogen on a large scale. Transition metal borates are considered good candidate electrocatalysts for OER due to their low cost, ease of synthesis, and good catalytic activity. In this work, we demonstrate that the incorporation of an oxophilic main group metal, bismuth (Bi), into cobalt borates produces highly effective electrocatalysts for OER. We also show that the catalytic activity of Bi‐doped cobalt borates can be improved further by pyrolyzing them in an argon atmosphere. During pyrolysis, the Bi crystallites formed in the materials melt, transform into amorphous phases, interact better with the Co or B atoms in there, and form more synergistic catalytic sites for OER. By varying the amount of Bi as well as the pyrolysis temperature, different Bi‐doped cobalt borates are synthesized, and the most optimal OER electrocatalyst is identified. Among them, the one with Co : Bi ratio of 9 : 1 and that is pyrolyzed at 450 °C exhibits the best catalytic activity, driving the reaction at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with the lowest overpotential (318 mV) and a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec−1.
A Simple Method for Quantifying Blastema Growth in Regenerating Planarians
Authors: Campillo Natali , Ireland Danielle , Patel Yashvi , Collins Eva‐Maria S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to their strong regenerative capabilities, freshwater planarians are a well‐suited model system for studying the effects of chemicals on stem cell biology and regeneration. After amputation, a planarian will regenerate the missing body parts within 1 to 2 weeks. Because planarians have a distinct head morphology that can be easily identified, head and eye regeneration has been a popular qualitative measure of toxicity. However, qualitative measures can only detect strong defects. Here, we present protocols for quantifying the rate of blastema growth to measure regeneration defects for assessment of chemical toxicity. Following amputation, a regenerative blastema forms at the wound site. Over the course of several days, the blastema grows and subsequently re‐forms the missing anatomical structures. This growth can be measured by imaging the regenerating planarian. As the blastema tissue is unpigmented, it can be easily distinguished from the remaining pigmented body using standard image analysis techniques. Basic Protocol 1 provides a step‐by‐step guide for imaging regenerating planarians over several days of regeneration. Basic Protocol 2 describes the necessary steps for the quantification of blastema size using freeware. It is accompanied by video tutorials to facilitate adaptation. Basic Protocol 3 shows how to calculate the growth rate using linear curve fitting in a spreadsheet. The ease of implementation and low cost make this procedure suitable for an undergraduate laboratory teaching setting, in addition to typical research settings. Although we focus on head regeneration in Dugesia japonica, these protocols are adaptable to other wound sites and planarian species. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Imaging planarians during regenerationBasic Protocol 2: Quantitative analysis of blastema size with ImageJBasic Protocol 3: Quantification of blastema growth rate
Systematic review: Exploring the monitoring and reporting of unwanted events in psychotherapy trials for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kinnaird Emma , Nicholson Meghan , Thomas Amelia , Cooper Myra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveIf a psychotherapeutic intervention has the capacity to produce positive change, the “deterioration effect” theory holds that it must also have the potential for negative effects. However, the definition, measurement, and reporting of unwanted events in psychotherapy is a topic of ongoing discussion. At present this area is under‐explored in interventions for anorexia nervosa (AN), a severe mental illness associated with high medical and psychiatric risks. The aim of this article was to undertake a systematic review of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating psychotherapeutic interventions for AN, and to assess how unwanted events were defined, monitored, and reported alongside the trial's key findings.MethodUsing a systematic review methodology, this article identified 23 RCTs through database searches meeting eligibility criteria. Results are presented using a narrative summary approach.ResultsUnwanted event reporting varied widely, both regarding definitions of key unwanted events (such as non‐compliance or symptom deterioration) and in the amount of detail captured in each paper.DiscussionThe review identified two key issues: firstly, a lack of consistent definitions and unclear causality made it difficult to distinguish between unwanted events, and adverse events caused by the interventions. Secondly, it highlighted the difficulty of defining unwanted events where different studies have different populations and goals. Recommendations are made around how the area of defining, monitoring, and reporting unwanted events in RCTs for AN can be taken forward.Public SignificanceWhilst psychotherapies can be effective in treating mental health conditions, negative or unwanted events can sometimes occur. This review explored how RCTs examining psychotherapy for AN report how they monitor the safety of participants, and how they report unwanted events. We found that the reporting was often inconsistent or hard to interpret, and we have made recommendations for how this can be improved in the future.
Coronary‐subclavian steal syndrome causing myocardial infarction after arteriovenous fistula creation: a case report
Authors: Hamdan Rémy , Guilleminot Pierre , Leclercq Thibault , Monin Antoine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoronary subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) caused by left subclavian artery (LSA) stenosis is a rare cause of myocardial infarction in patients having coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and it has also been observed after an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was made. A 79‐year‐old woman who had undergone CABG years earlier and an AVF creation 1 month before experienced a non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). While selective catheterization of the left internal thoracic artery graft was impossible, a computed tomography scanner showed patency of all bypasses and proximal subocclusive LSA stenosis, and the digital blood pressure measurements objectified a haemodialysis‐induced distal ischaemia. LSA's angioplasty and covered stent placement were successfully performed, resulting in symptom remission. A CSSS‐induced NSTEMI due to a LSA stenosis aggravated by a homolateral AVF several years after CABG has been documented only infrequently. If vascular access is required in the presence of CSSS risk factors, the contralateral upper limb should be preferred.
Solid‐State Far‐Ultraviolet C Light Sources for the Disinfection of Pathogenic Microorganisms Using Graphene Nanostructure Field Emitters
Authors: Neo Yoichiro , Hashimoto Gai , Koike Rei , Ohhara Takashi , Matsumoto Takahiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus disease has necessitated the use of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection techniques to reduce viral transmission in public places. The previously used UV wavelength is harmful to the human body, the wavelength range from 200 to 235 nm, often referred to as far‐UVC light, has attracted attention as a novel disinfection wavelength range that can be used in a safe manner. However, the currently used light sources have practical problems, such as an expensive cost, a low efficiency, and short lifetimes. Therefore, environmentally friendly solid‐state light sources with a lower cost, higher efficiency, and longer lifetimes are demanded. Here, an efficient mercury‐free far‐UVC solid‐state light source is presented. This light source demonstrates intense 230 nm emission with a narrow spectral width of 30 nm and a long lifetime of more than 1000 h. These characteristics can be achieved by graphene nanostructure field emitters and wide‐bandgap magnesium aluminate phosphors. By using this light source, the efficient disinfection of Escherichia coli is demonstrated. The light sources presented here facilitate future technologies for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in a safe and convenient manner.
Electrophysiological study as a predictor of mortality in unexplained syncope
Authors: Pinos Javier , De Lima Gustavo Glotz , Sant'Anna Roberto , Kruse Marcelo Lapa , Dall'Agnese Marco Antônio Vinciprova , Tietz Pedro Henrique Torres , Saffi Marco Aurélio Lumertz , Leiria Tiago Luiz Luz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectrophysiological study can help in the diagnosis of arrhythmic syncope. According to the electrophysiological study finding, the prognosis of patients with syncope is still a matter of study.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the survival of patients undergoing electrophysiological study according to their findings and to identify clinical and electrophysiological independent predictors of all‐cause mortality.MethodsA retrospective cohort study included patients with syncope who underwent electrophysiological study from 2009 to 2018. A Cox logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for all‐cause mortality.ResultsWe included 383 patients in our study. During a mean follow‐up of 59 months, 84 (21.9%) patients died. The split His group had the worst survival compared with the control group, followed by sustained ventricular tachycardia and HV interval ≥ 70 ms, respectively (p = .001; p < .001; p = .03). The supraventricular tachycardia group showed no differences compared with the control group (p = .87). In the multivariate analysis, independent predictors of all‐cause mortality were Age (OR 1.06; 1.03–1.07; p < .001); congestive heart failure (OR 1.82; 1.05–3.15; p = .033); split His (OR 3.7; 1.27–10.80; p = .016); and sustained ventricular tachycardia (OR 1.84; 1.02–3.32; p = .04).ConclusionSplit His, sustained ventricular tachycardia, and HV interval ≥ 70 ms groups had worse survivals when compared to the control group. Age, congestive heart failure, split His, and sustained ventricular tachycardia were independent predictors for all‐cause mortality.
Applying and reporting relevance, richness and rigour in realist evidence appraisals: Advancing key concepts in realist reviews
Authors: Dada Sara , Dalkin Sonia , Gilmore Brynne , Hunter Rebecca , Mukumbang Ferdinand C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe realist review/synthesis has become an increasingly prominent methodological approach to evidence synthesis that can inform policy and practice. While there are publication standards and guidelines for the conduct of realist reviews, published reviews often provide minimal detail regarding how they have conducted some methodological steps. This includes selecting and appraising evidence sources, which are often considered for their ‘relevance, richness and rigour.’ In contrast to other review approaches, for example, narrative reviews and meta‐analyses, the inclusion criteria and appraisal of evidence within realist reviews depend less on the study's methodological quality and more on its contribution to our understanding of generative causation, uncovered through the process of retroductive theorising. This research brief aims to discuss the current challenges and practices for appraising documents' relevance, richness and rigour and to provide pragmatic suggestions for how realist reviewers can put this into practice.
A critical reflection on computing the sampling variance of the partial correlation coefficient
Authors: van Aert Robbie C. M. , Goos Cas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe partial correlation coefficient quantifies the relationship between two variables while taking into account the effect of one or multiple control variables. Researchers often want to synthesize partial correlation coefficients in a meta‐analysis since these can be readily computed based on the reported results of a linear regression analysis. The default inverse variance weights in standard meta‐analysis models require researchers to compute not only the partial correlation coefficients of each study but also its corresponding sampling variance. The existing literature is diffuse on how to estimate this sampling variance, because two estimators exist that are both widely used. We critically reflect on both estimators, study their statistical properties, and provide recommendations for applied researchers. We also compute the sampling variances of studies using both estimators in a meta‐analysis on the partial correlation between self‐confidence and sports performance.
Treatment and outcome among patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Stockholm—A population‐based study
Authors: Blomkvist Rasmus , Marklund Linda , Hammarstedt‐Nordenvall Lalle , Gottlieb‐Vedi Eivind , Mäkitie Antti , Palmgren Björn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveSurvival of patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains poor and management protocols warrant further development. We thus investigated treatment and outcome‐related factors for LSCC in Stockholm, Sweden.MethodsIn a retrospective setting, 520 patients with LSCC diagnosed during 2000–2014, were included. Data on stage, treatment, and outcome were correlated with recurrence‐free and overall survival (RFS and OS, respectively).ResultsFive‐year OS for all patients was 65%. Five‐year RFS for T1a, T1b, T2, T3, and T4 glottic LSCC was 90%, 91%, 77%, 47%, and 80%, respectively. The corresponding figures for T1, T2, T3, and T4 supraglottic LSCC were 64%, 66%, 64%, and 86%.ConclusionPatients with a T3 glottic LSCC had unexpectedly poor survival, especially when compared with patients with a T4 tumor. Patients with T4 disease were primarily treated with laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (RT)/chemoradiotherapy (CRT), while most patients with T3 LSCC were treated with RT/CRT.
Co‐acquisition of mineral‐bound iron and phosphorus by natural Trichodesmium colonies
Authors: Shaked Yeala , de Beer Dirk , Wang Siyuan , Zhang Futing , Visser Anna‐Neva , Eichner Meri , Basu Subhajit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) ocean regions are often home to the globally important N2‐fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp., which are physiologically adapted to Fe/P co‐limitation. Given Trichodesmium's eminent ability to capture particles and the common associations between Fe and P in sediments and aerosols, we hypothesized that mineral bio‐dissolution by Trichodesmium spp. may enable them to co‐acquire Fe and P. We present a new sensitive assay to determine P uptake from particles, utilizing 33P‐labeled ferrihydrite. To validate the method, we examined single natural Trichodesmium thiebautii colonies in a high‐resolution radiotracer ß‐imager, identifying strong colony‐mineral interactions, efficient removal of external 33P‐labeled ferrihydrite, and elevated 33P uptake in the colony core. Next, we determined bulk P uptake rates, comparing natural Red Sea colonies and P‐limited Trichodesmium erythraeum cultures. Uptake rates by natural and cultured Trichodesmium were similar to P release rates from the mineral, suggesting tight coupling between dissolution and uptake. Finally, synthesizing P‐ferrihydrite labeled with either 33P or 55Fe, we probed for Fe/P co‐extraction by common microbial mineral solubilization pathways. Dissolution rates of ferrihydrite were accelerated by exogenous superoxide and strong Fe‐chelator and subsequently enhanced 33P release and uptake by Trichodesmium. Our method and findings can facilitate further Fe/P co‐acquisition studies and highlight the importance of biological mechanisms and microenvironments in controlling bioavailability and nutrient fluxes from particles.
Modeling carbon export mediated by biofouled microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Guerrini Federica , Lobelle Delphine , Mari Lorenzo , Casagrandi Renato , van Sebille Erik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMarine microplastics can be colonized by biofouling microbial organisms, leading to a decrease in microplastics' buoyancy. The sinking of biofouled microplastics could therefore represent a novel carbon export pathway within the ocean carbon cycle. Here, we model how microplastics are biofouled by diatoms, their consequent vertical motion due to buoyancy changes, and the interactions between particle‐attached diatoms and carbon pools within the water column. We initialize our Lagrangian framework with biogeochemical data from NEMO‐MEDUSA‐2.0 and estimate the amount of organic carbon exported below 100 m depth starting from different surface concentrations of 1‐mm microplastics. We focus on the Mediterranean Sea that is characterized by some of the world's highest microplastics concentrations and is a hotspot for biogeochemical changes induced by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Our results show that the carbon export caused by sinking biofouled microplastics is proportional to the concentration of microplastics in the sea surface layer, at least at modeled concentrations. We estimate that, while current concentrations of microplastics can modify the natural biological carbon export by < 1%, future concentrations projected under business‐as‐usual pollution scenarios may lead to carbon exports up to 5% larger than the baseline (1998–2012) by 2050. Areas characterized by high primary productivity, that is, the Western and Central Mediterranean, are those where microplastics‐mediated carbon export results to be the highest. While highlighting the potential and quantitatively limited occurrence of this phenomenon in the Mediterranean Sea, our results call for further investigation of a microplastics‐related carbon export pathway in the global ocean.
Temporal dynamics of heatwaves are key drivers of sediment mixing by bioturbators
Authors: Zhou Zhengquan , Steiner Natalie , Fivash Gregory S. , Cozzoli Francesco , Blok Daniel B. , van IJzerloo Lennart , van Dalen Jeroen , Ysebaert Tom , Walles Brenda , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeatwaves affect tidal flat ecosystems by altering the bioturbating behavior of benthic species, with potential consequences for sediment oxygenation, particle mixing, and erodibility. Although the frequency and duration of heatwaves are expected to increase under global warming scenarios, we lack insights into how heatwaves' temporal dynamics affect bioturbating behaviors. Using the widely distributed bioturbator Cerastoderma edule as model species, we quantified how heatwaves with identical heat‐sum but different temporal dynamics (i.e., 3‐ vs. 6‐d heating and normal temperature cycles) affect bioturbating behaviors and the sediment mixing processes in tidal mesocosms. Our results show that short but frequent 3‐d heatwave cycles increased the magnitude of bioturbating behaviors, thereby resulting in more bio‐mixed sediment than observed under infrequent prolonged 6‐d heatwave cycles. This unexpected result could be ascribed to the weakening health condition indicated by a high death rate (47.37%) under 6‐d heatwave cycles than in 3‐d and no‐heatwave control cycles. Present findings reveal that the impact of heatwaves on sediment bioturbation will strongly depend on the temporal dynamics of future heatwaves: bioturbation will be enhanced unless the heatwave duration exceeds species resistance and increases mortality.