bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The realising of religion moderation in Tareqa Al-Yusriyyah As-Siddiqiyyah Ash-Shadhiliyyah
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Sukron Mokhamad 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to clarify certain ideas regarding Al-Yusriyyah Ash-Shdhiliyyah Siddqiyyah Tariqa and its function in religious moderation. Tareqa can be a new formula in realising harmony in religious diversity, in which the teaching principle of Tariqa is the spirit of improving moral and character. This is very important in living in diversity. By implementing Tariqa, a person understands religion not only from the outward side but also from the inner part of religion, so that it is expected to be able to find the substance, namely, the true truth that is universal. From this point of view, the Sufism paradigm seems to have advantages that the person is more tolerant of differences, both internal and external. A field study was conducted to achieve the objective of this research. Particularly, this study used an interdisciplinary approach, that is, a combination of religious and social approaches. A participatory observation, deep interviews and documentations were employed to collect the data of this study. The subjects of this research were adherents of the Tariqa in Cairo, Egypt and Indonesia. This study reveals that Tariqa has teachings and values in realising religious moderation in a plural society. This Tariqa could be an agency of religious moderation. The significance of this study is to prove the power of Tariqa and Sufism as agents of change in plural societies against extremist and intolerable attitudes both between devotees of particular religions and between adherents of different religions. Accordingly, it can promote a peaceful and tolerant way of life and reduce violence. This study supports earlier research that suggested Sufism as an option for governmental action in a plural society to counteract radicalism and intolerance.Contributions: The results of this study are expected to contribute to providing suggestions to the stakeholders in dealing with the rise of religious intolerance and radicalism both globally and locally. Moreover, the ritual, doctrinal and social interaction of Tareqa Al-Yusriyyah As-Siddiqiyyah Ash-Shadhiliyyah can be a source of reference and inspiration for the policy of stakeholders in deradicalising religion and creating religious moderation.
A critical study of Pentecostal understanding of the baptism of the Holy Spirit in Acts
Authors: Stevanus Kalis , Weismann Ivan Th. J. , Luthy Christopher J. , Ronda Daniel , Rouw Randy F. 
Published: March 2023

In faith and practice, Pentecostals put emphasis on practical issues as well as spiritual experience in their theological understanding and doctrinal teachings. The Pentecostals take their doctrine from certain empirical events. One of the spiritual experiences often underlined is the baptism of the Holy Spirit. In interpreting the Book of Acts, Pentecostals tend to emphasise the theological character of the narratives and seldom their historical uniqueness. That is why Pentecostals stress the normative theological intent of the historical record for contemporary Christian experience. This article therefore examines critically Pentecostal paradigm of the baptism of the Holy Spirit, deriving examples from the Acts of the Apostles. It is concluded that the practice of the baptism of the Holy Spirit carried out by Christians today, arguably, has no biblical basis. This is because, there is nowhere the Bible commands people to seek baptism in the Holy Spirit. The observation is that, all the events or experiences of Christians baptised in the Holy Spirit in Acts are not necessarily universal normative for every Christian and for this reason, there is no need to be dogmatic.Contribution: This article challenges the practice of the baptism of the Holy Spirit in church today. This study supports the fact that the baptism of the Holy Spirit is not a universal experience for every Christians and there is no need to be dogmatised.
Description of Culicoides truuskae sp. n. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from southern Africa
Authors: Labuschagne Karien , Meiswinkel† Rudolf , Liebenberg Danica , Van Zyl Carissa , Van Schalkwyk Antoinette , Scholtz Clarke 
Published: March 2023

Culicoides truuskae Labuschagne and Meiswinkel sp. n. is described and illustrated in both sexes from material collected in South Africa and Namibia. It is restricted to the xeric western margin of the subcontinent, occurring in Fynbos, Nama-Karoo and Succulent Karoo ecoregions in South Africa and Desert and Savanna ecoregions in Namibia experiencing 600 mm of rainfall annually. Culicoides truuskae sp. n. is part of the Afrotropical ‘plain-wing’ Culicoides in which the wing lacks a distinguishing pattern of light and dark spots; the diagnostic dark smudge that traverses wing cell r3 may result in C. truuskae sp. n. being misidentified as the sympatric but phyletically unrelated Culicoides herero (Enderlein) – (of the Similis group, subgenus Oecacta Poey). Additionally, this study is the first description of the male of C. herero. C. truuskae sp. n. and Culicoides coarctatus Clastrier and Wirth share similar characters in the male genitalia, although the two species are separable on wing pattern and female flagellum sensilla coeloconica (SCo) distribution. The breeding habitat and adult female blood-feeding preferences of C. truuskae sp. n. are not known. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequence data, is provided to further clarify the relationship between C. truuskae sp. n., C. coarctatus and C. herero. Extensive light trap data, collected over 30 years, are used to map the distribution ranges of C. truuskae sp. n., C. coarctatus and C. herero in Southern Africa.Contribution: The description of this new species and the description of the male of C. herero increases our understanding of the diversity and distribution of Culicoides species in southern Africa.
Levothyroxine Absorption Test – Results and Follow Up of Patients from a Single Center
Authors: Subramaniam Karthik , Babu Tom , Sreevalsan K. C. , Mathew Shemy 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Treating primary hypothyroidism with appropriate weight-based dosing is usually straightforward. When supraphysiologic doses of thyroxine are required, it is important to know the reason behind the increased requirement. When compliance with medication is assured and when there are no drug interactions resulting in increased thyroxine requirements, a levothyroxine absorption test (LT4AT) could be performed to diagnose the coexistence of malabsorption.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single-center, retrospective chart review. Patients who had undergone LT4AT between 2018 and 2020 with a complete evaluation and follow-up records were reviewed. LT4AT and further evaluation (if necessary) were standardized, and details until the last review were obtained.

Results:
In all, 11 patients had complete records and follow-up details. The median age (range) of the cohort was 24 years (19 to 46), and the duration of hypothyroidism was 8 years (4 to 24). Seven had low absorption (<60%) in LT4AT of which two each had celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection; one had autoimmune gastritis, and in two the reasons of malabsorption was not known. The median follow-up duration was 13 months. Nine of 11 (81%) achieved euthyroid state with/without thyroxine dose reduction on follow-up.

Conclusion:
A high proportion of patients requiring supraphysiological doses of levothyroxine had occult malabsorptive states, some of which were curable. Even in those with pseudo-malabsorption, LT4AT helped in reinforcing compliance and thereby thyroxine dose reduction.
Ought to The Changes Within the Immunophenotype of Solid Cell Nests (SCNs) and Follicular Cells in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis be Considered as Premalignant Lesions?
Authors: Dung Tran Ngoc , Tuyen Nguyen Khac , Tien Truong Dinh , Thinh Pham Van , Hassell Lewis A. , Van Nguyen Khanh , Hung Nguyen Manh , Tra Dang Thai , Ben Nguyen Huu , Linh Nguyen Thuy 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is more frequently reported in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), which may be associated with the presence of solid cell nests (SCNs) and focal PTC-like nuclear alterations in the thyroid gland. The point of this consideration was to assess the morphological and immunohistochemical features of SCNs and follicular epithelial changes in Vietnamese patients with HT.

Materials and Methods:
Hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry were performed on 20 samples of HT patients who underwent thyroidectomy and were diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis at Military Medical Hospital 103 from 6/2018 to 6/2019. The expression of five markers (P63, Calcitonin, TTF1, CK19 and HBME-1) in SCNs and follicular epithelial changes were evaluated.

Results:
Ninety per cent of samples had SCNs with an average of 10 SCNs per section. Only type 1 and type 4 SCNs were presented (85% and 55%, respectively) and all SCNs were composed of main cells (p63-positive). Fifteen of the 18 cases having SCNs possessed nuclear features of PTC. C-cell hyperplasia was found in one case with 20 clusters. All SCNs showed strong staining with CK19 and weak staining with HBME-1. Follicular epithelial changes were Hürthle cell metaplasia, PTC-like nuclear alterations, atypical solid nodules, papillary and glomerular-like forms (40%, 100%, 25% and 50%, respectively). Follicular cells of glomerular-like forms (new alteration) especially were positive with CK19 (2+ ~ 3+), HBME-1 (1+) and TTF1, while the components in these follicles were negative with CK19, HBME-1 and TTF1. Among PTC-like nuclear alterations, all the atypical solid nodules related to HT showed markers related to PTC and without SCNs.

Conclusions:
Increasing the number of SCNs, as well as PTC-like nuclear alterations of main cells in SCNs and follicular epithelial changes were co-expressed CK19 and HBME-1. Therefore, the need for HT management should be considered.
Oncological Emergencies
Authors: Jha Avanish , Abraham Sisha Liz , Mathew Anna , Ahmad Areeba , Jacob Jeryl Chellappa , Shandilya Sudipti , Prabhakar Abhilash Kundavaram Paul 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Patients with malignancies present to the emergency department (ED) with a varied spectrum of presentations. Data on oncological emergencies are scant; hence, we aimed to determine the profile, outcome, and awareness of their treatment of patients with malignancies presenting to the ED.

Methodology:
This prospective observational study was conducted in the adult ED of a large tertiary care hospital in South India between February and August of 2018. A convenient sample of patients presenting to the ED with a known or newly diagnosed malignancy was included in the study after obtaining written informed consent.

Results:
During the study, we recruited 110 patients presenting to the ED. The mean age of the patients was 48 (15.9) years. There was a female preponderance (56.4%). A quarter of the patients had malignancy of the genitourinary tract while 10% had breast carcinoma and 9% had bronchogenic carcinoma. Vomiting (44%) was the most common symptom at presentation followed by fever (39%) and abdominal pain (38%). Anemia (81%) and hyponatremia (54.5%) were the most common laboratory abnormalities. Antiemetics (61%), antibiotics (32%), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (27%) were the most commonly used medications. Chemotherapy-related complications (35.5%) and mass effects (28%) were the most common reasons for ED visits. The majority (83%) were previously diagnosed with malignancies. Most patients were aware of the duration (86%) and common side effects of chemotherapy (79%). However, most were unaware of the chemotherapy drugs' names (25%) and how to manage side effects (54%). Sixty percent required admission and three patients died during their in-hospital stay.

Conclusion:
Gastrointestinal symptoms and fever are the most common causes of presentation to the ED among patients with malignancies. Although most patients were aware of the duration and side effects of treatment, half of them were ignorant of the emergency first aid for side effects of the medications they were on.
An audit of perioperative antibiotic prescriptions in patients undergoing clean surgeries and compliance with antibiotic policy in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Sinha Sharmili , Biswal Sandeep 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
There has been a rise in the use of broad spectrum antibiotics in patients undergoing surgeries in perioperative period including clean surgeries. The use of such antimicrobials is also found to be longer than recommended and is responsible for emregence of multi drug resistant infections. These add to antibiotic related complications and cost as well.

Aim:
To study the type of antibiotic prescription in patients undergoing clean surgeries and assess compliance with antibiotic policy and frame recommendations for improvements if any.

Method:
Fifty five patients were prospectively evaluated for perioperative antibiotics prescriptions and followed up till discharge/1 month for any nosocomial infections or other complications. The kind and duration of antibiotics were noted and assessed for extent of compliance to antibiotic policy.

Results and Discussions:
Compliance to perioperative surgical prophylaxis in time was good (91%) as per the protocol and all patients received prophylaxis. Broad spectrum antibiotics were used in almost 50% cases and duration was prolonged compared to the prescribed protocol. Prescription of oral antibiotics was continued in 72.7% % cases(40/55). There was no increased incidence of health care associated infections(HAI) in these patients.

Conclusion:
Compliance to Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis practices in clean surgeries is good in the hospital Broad spectrum antibiotics were in use in more than half cases and oral antibiotics were prescribed at discharge in most patients which is not in accordance with the protocol. The incidences of HAIs in these cases were not increased. Regular audit and continued training of all stake holders is necessary to raise awareness and improve practices for antimicrobial stewardship.
Evaluation of characteristics, clinical relevance and outcome of ventilator associated pneumonia and ventilator associated events algorithm
Authors: Sahni Neeru , Biswal Manisha , Kaur Kulbeer , Bandyopadhyay Anjishnujit , Saini Vikas , Yaddanapudi Lakshmi Narayana 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Surveillance for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has long been a challenge because of the lack of objective, reliable definitions. Hence, National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) has introduced ventilator-associated events (VAEs) as a surveillance definition. While VAE identifies all the possible complications in a mechanically ventilated patient, VAP recognises only the infective complications. There are several retrospective studies reporting no concordance between the occurrence of VAE and VAP. A prospective, observational study in medical intensive care unit (ICU) was conducted over 1 year with the objective of comparing all three tiers of VAE, which are ventilator-associated condition (VAC), infection-related ventilator-associated complication (iVAC) and possible VAP (PVAP), along with VAP in terms of predictive value, characteristics and clinical relevance.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019 at PGIMER, Chandigarh, in a 12-bedded medical ICU. All patients with more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation (MV) were included. The demographic data, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II at 24 h of admission, days of MV, length of ICU stay and outcome of patients were recorded. The patients were screened for both VAP and VAE.

Results:
Out of a total of 405 patients, 274 patients were included with 3945 patient days and 3330 MV days. The incidence of VAP, VAC, iVAC and PVAP was 6.91, 8.41, 5.41 and 1.50/1000 ventilator days, respectively. Kendall's W-test showed that there was no concordance between VAP and VAE.

Conclusion:
The study concluded no concordance between cases identified as VAE and VAP.
A case report of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sarkar Malay , Sharma Sudarshan K. , Jhobta Anupam , Gulati Anchana 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by the deposition of calcium phosphate microliths in the alveoli. PAM has been reported in all continents and there is often a familial history. There is clinical-radiological dissociation as there is often a paucity of symptoms in contrast to the imaging findings. Patients often remain asymptomatic until the third or fourth decade of life, and dyspnea is the most common symptom. PAM is caused by a mutation within the solute carrier family 34 member 2 gene (the SLC34A2 gene) located on chromosome 4p15.2, which encodes a sodium/phosphate co-transporter. The imaging appearance of the disease is quite pathognomic with the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) demonstrating a diffuse micronodular appearance. Transbronchial lung biopsy also confirms the diagnosis. There is no effective therapy at present except lung transplantation. We herein, present a case of PAM along with clinical history, imaging study, histopathological study and genetic study of a 43-year-old female adult patient along with genetic analysis.
Factors determining the therapeutic level of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Sunnetcioglu Aysel , Cilingir Buket Mermit , Gunbatar Hulya , Yıldız Hanifi , Dogan Hediye Ulker 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
In daily practice, we encounter with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) patients who require different levels of positive airway pressure (PAP) despite having a similar apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI). We aimed to determine the parameters contributing to the determination of the therapeutic level of PAP.

Methods:
Data on 548 patients who underwent polysomnography and PAP titration were analysed retrospectively. Patients were divided into groups according to OSAS severity (mild, moderate, and severe) and the mean pressure in each group was determined, after which patients were further divided into those who required a PAP below the mean and those who required a PAP above the mean.

Results:
The mean optimal PAP level in the mild, moderate, and severe OSAS groups was 7.4 ± 2.3, 8.6 ± 2.4, and 9.8 ± 2.9 cm H2O, respectively. In the moderate and severe OSAS group, the subgroup that needed high pressure had a higher supine AHI, a longer apnoea time, and a longer SaO2 <90% time as compared with the subgroup that needed low pressure.

Conclusion:
A longer apnoea duration and a higher supine AHI are associated with a higher PAP level in patients with moderate and severe OSAS.
Pneumothorax ex vacuo: Three cases of an uncommon entity
Authors: Venkitakrishnan Rajesh , Augustine Jolsana , Ramachandran Divya , Cleetus Melcy 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Pneumothorax is a frequently encountered entity in pulmonary practice and can be primary or secondary. Traumatic and iatrogenic causes also account for a minority of cases presenting to the chest physician. The most common therapeutic intervention done is a tube thoracostomy in all but the mildest of cases. Pneumothorax ex vacuo is a distinctly uncommon entity that differs considerably from the rest of the pneumothorax cases in its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, radiological findings, and management. Pneumothorax in this entity results from the sucking in of air into the pleural space caused by an exaggerated negative intrapleural pressure, which is most frequently secondary to acute lobar collapse. Symptoms attributable to pneumothorax per se are distinctly mild and the vital aspect of treatment is to relieve the bronchial obstruction. Tube thoracostomy fails to relieve the pneumothorax in such cases and should be avoided. We share three cases of pneumothorax ex vacuo encountered in our institution and alert clinicians of the presentation, radiology, and management of this uncommon condition.
Predictive equation for six-minute walk test in Indian children, adolescents, and adults
Authors: Agarwal Bela , Shah Monal , Sawant Bhoomika , Bagwe Hiranmayee , Murkudkar Payal , Mullerpatan Rajani 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Post-COVID residual dysfunction has been observed in a majority of people, with reduction in cardiopulmonary endurance emerging as a primary symptom. The Six-Minute Walk Test is a simple, reliable, and valid test that is used routinely on people with chronic respiratory dysfunction. In the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, reference values and a predictive equation developed from a large sample across a large age group, from 6 to 75 years, will enable one to establish goals of treatment for post-COVID rehabilitation.

Methods:
Following institutional ethical clearance, we recruited 1369 participants for the study (685 females and 684 males). Participants were classified according to biological age into group 1 (6–12 years), group 2 (13–17 years), group 3 (18–40 years), group 4 (41–65 years), and group 5 (>65 years). Informed consent was sought and participants were screened using a health history questionnaire. Demographic features, namely, age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were noted. The Six-Minute Walk Test was administered as per ATS guidelines. Clinical parameters, namely, pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and rate of perceived exertion were recorded.

Results:
The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) was significantly influenced by age and gender (r = 0.257, P = 0.00 and r = 0.501, P = 0.00, respectively). Walking distance was longest in 13–17-year-old males, whereas females demonstrated a linear decline after 12 years. In each age group, males walked a greater distance than females. Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to derive the following predictive equation:
6MWT = 491.93 − (2.148 × age) + (107.07 × gender) (females = 0, males = 1).

Conclusion:
The study confirmed variability of the Six-Minute Walk Test, with age and gender being predominant predictors. Reference values, equations, and percentile charts generated from the study can be utilised to guide clinical decision-making while exercise prescription for patients with post COVID dysfunction.