bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetate attenuates kidney fibrosis in an oxidative stress‐dependent manner
Authors: Kawabata Chiaki , Hirakawa Yosuke , Inagi Reiko , Nangaku Masaomi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the end products of the fermentation of dietary fibers by the intestinal microbiota and reported to exert positive effects on host physiology. Acetate is the most abundant SCFA in humans and is shown to improve acute kidney injury in a mouse model of ischemia–reperfusion injury. However, how SCFAs protect the kidney and whether SCFAs have a renoprotective effect in chronic kidney disease (CKD) models remain to be elucidated. We investigated whether acetate and other SCFAs could attenuate the kidney damage. In in vitro experiments, cell viability of acetate‐treated human kidney 2 (HK‐2) cells was significantly higher than that of vehicle‐treated in an oxidative stress model, and acetate reduced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In mitochondrial analysis, the MitoSOX‐positive cell proportion decreased, and transcription of dynamin‐1‐like protein gene, a fission gene, was decreased by acetate treatment. In in vivo experiments in mice, acetate treatment significantly ameliorated fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction, and the oxidative stress marker phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) was also reduced. Further, acetate treatment ameliorated dysmorphic mitochondria in the proximal tubules, and ROS and mitochondrial analyses suggested that acetate improved mitochondrial damage. Our findings indicate a renoprotective effect of acetate in CKD.
Felons, Outlaws, and Tort’s Troubling Treatment of the “Wrongdoer” Plaintiff
Authors: Freeman Engstrom Nora , Rabin Robert L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Two tort law tenets are broadly accepted. First, litigants are to be judged based on their conduct, not on their character. In tort law, if not in heaven, the sinner is entitled to the same treatment as the saint. Second, it’s also broadly understood that, as comparative negligence supplanted contributory fault in the latter years of the last century, compensation stopped being binary; recovery became proportional. When, as is very often the case, the plaintiff and the defendant both err, the plaintiff’s entitlement to compensation is a matter of more or less, not yes or no. Against that backdrop, this Essay identifies four doctrines—the wrongful conduct rule, the “innocence” prerequisite to legal malpractice actions, the non-innocent party doctrine, and the complicity defense—that implicitly challenge both of these bedrock principles. We show how these “wrongdoer doctrines” extinguish claims, not just because of what the plaintiff has done but, rather, who the plaintiff is. And we also explore the doctrines’ other infirmities. Namely, these doctrines subvert the basic goals of tort law, authorize character assassination, defy consistent or principled application, rest on a false premise, and operate to resurrect a stealth version of contributory fault. Finally, this Essay, written for a symposium celebrating the great tort cases of the 21st century, highlights a recent opinion out of West Virginia that unmasked one such doctrine and appropriately relegated it to the dustbin of history.
Human sense and plant blindness
Authors: Dellino Dario 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Victoria Welby introduces the concept of “Significs” as a methodology that could bridge the various sciences, theoretical trends, and practices in human experience. “Sense”, “meaning”, and “significance” are the three terms in her most important meaning triad. The first level of meaning, ‘sense’ refers to the generation of meaning processes in terms of organic life and perception. Welby hypothesizes that the organic dimension of sense and its human dimension are closely intertwined. She theorized the need for “plastic language” in a biological sense, which she equated with pragmatic, ethic and aesthetic sense: the relation between word and context could be similar to the one between the organism and its environment. The plastic dimension of verbal language and signs in general is necessary for adaptation, development, and expressivity. A century later Elisabeth Schussler and James Wandersee introduce the concept of “plant blindness” which is a human tendency to ignore, in all “senses”, plant species. Plants are different in all aspects from animals: they are not even considered “individuals”. In the etymological sense “individual” means “not divisible”. Plants are “morphologically” divisible. In this presentation I intend to compare these two concepts and analyse their consequences.
Computer analysis and rapid assessment of data obtained by measuring residual stresses after vibration-hardening of samples
Authors: Galimov Engel R. , Tyurin Andrey V. , Gimbitsky Artur V. 
Published: July 2023

Subject of research: is the use of computer analysis in measuring residual stresses. The purpose of the study is to create a program for evaluating and clustering numerical data obtained during the measurement of residual stresses.
Object of research: is a computer model of experimental data processing. This model uses a modified order of approximation of data received from sensors.
Main results of research: a program of computer analysis and rapid evaluation of numerical data has been developed. With the help of a software product, in the R programming language, calculated and experimental data are processed automatically. In the structure of the mathematical model for calculating residual stresses, a principle of a different order of approximation is introduced, which approximates not the result of multi-stage calculations, but the data obtained from sensors. This solution makes it possible to reduce the error of calculations and increase the adequacy of the model as a whole, and the developed program makes it possible to quickly evaluate the measurement results.
The Impact of Implant Fixation Type on Reoperation Rates Following Endoprosthetic Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Giglio Victoria , Gazendam Aaron , Schneider Patricia , Ghert Michelle , Wilson David ,   on behalf of the PARITY Investigators
Published: July 2023

Background:
Prospective evidence supporting the use of cemented or uncemented implants in endoprosthetic reconstruction is lacking. The present study aimed to determine the effect of cemented fixation compared with uncemented fixation on the rate of all-cause reoperation at 1 year postoperatively.

Methods:
This is a secondary analysis of the Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens In Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial. A total of 503 patients who underwent surgical excision and endoprosthetic reconstruction of a lower-extremity bone tumor were included in this analysis. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to assess the independent relationship between fixation group and implant survivorship, with all-cause reoperation as the end point.

Results:
There were 388 cemented implants and 115 uncemented implants. Participants had a mean age of 42.7 years (standard deviation, 22.0 years), and 59% were male. Overall, 131 reoperations were identified over the 1-year follow-up period. There were no significant differences found in all-cause reoperation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 1.57; p = 0.761), septic reoperation, or aseptic reoperation between cemented and uncemented fixation at 1 year postoperatively. The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that total operative time (HR per hour, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.20; p = 0.019) was an independent predictor of reoperation. The risk of reoperation was lower in patients with benign aggressive disease (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.80; p = 0.029) or metastatic bone disease (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.85; p = 0.023). Patients who underwent cemented fixation showed clinically meaningful functional improvement at 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Cemented compared with uncemented fixation has no effect on 1-year all-cause reoperation rates in endoprosthetic reconstruction surgery. Further research is required to investigate the long-term survival of cemented versus uncemented implants.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Feasibility of 3D Printer to Design an Intracavitary Applicator for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer Patients with a High Dose Rate Brachytherapy System
Authors: Mourya Ankur , Aggarwal Lalit Mohan , Choudhary Sunil , Sharma Neeraj , Mishra Ritusha , Prakash Chandra , Shahi Uday Pratap 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To design Tandem-Ovoid based intracavitary brachytherapy applicator with 3D printer and evaluate its feasibility for the treatment of Cervical Cancer patients with High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy system.
Methods
SolidWorks, Computer Aided design software was used for the design of the intracavitary brachytherapy applicator. Raise3D Printer and Hewlett-Packard (HP) Jet Fusion 4200 was used for printing different parts of applicators with PLA and PA-12 material. Radiograph and CT images of printed material parts were taken in the air and water medium to see the visualization. Before use in the patient, necessary quality assurance tests were carried out by coupling it with a microSelectron HDR machine. X-ray markers were used to visualize the source path inside the uterine and vaginal tandems. Physical and clinical evaluations were performed with prototype 3D-printed applicator to check its suitability for clinical use.
Results
Final Applicator design was created from multiple hit and trial methods in SolidWorks. Printed PA-12 of ovoid parts having a mean Hounsfield unit (HU) value of -75 HU. Whereas the mean HU value of the PLA outer layer and inner regions were − 203 HU and − 417 HU respectively. Quality tests on the PA-12 intracavitary applicator performed with the microSelectron HDR brachytherapy machine were passed. Chances of uterine perforation were less due to the semi-rigidity of the PA-12 applicator. The newly designed T-O-based applicator and dummy marker do not produce any artifacts on the CT images.
Conclusions
Powder-based 3D printing of brachytherapy applicator has more usability as compared to fused deposition-based printer. A low-cost flexible plastic applicator was developed that allowed the user to guide the tandem into the uterus of a patient. The developed PA-12 intracavitary brachytherapy applicator did not produce artifacts on CT images.
Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Prescribed Methods for Labor and Delivery Pain Relief: a Cross-sectional Study in a Maternity Hospital in Brazil
Authors: Calcagno Juan Ignacio , Iribarren Sarah , Villarreal Cristiane Flora , de Oliveira Patricia Santos , de Ávila Amado Nizarala 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Improving obstetric outcomes is a global priority. The prescription of non-pharmacological (NPA) or pharmacological analgesia (PA) as well as evidence-based interventions for pain relief are recommended. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate pain and analgesia prescription prevalence among low-risk pregnant women in labor. We used post-labor interviews, assessing pain using Analogue Pain Scale, and medical record reviews, from July to October 2022. Of the 277 participants, 215 (77.61%) were interviewed in the Obstetric Center (OC) and 62 (22.38%) in the midwife-led ward (MLW). In the MLW and OC, the prevalence of NPA prescription was 82.51% and 61.86%, respectively. Mean pain score (PS) in the MLW and OC was 9.09 and 8.93, respectively, on hospital arrival. Severe PS significantly decreased from 84.48% to 61.22% (χ2=21.05) and from 92.16% to 69.50% (χ2=42.04) in the MLW and OC, respectively after NPA. PA prescription rate was 15.81%. Mean PS after PA was 3.41 and severe PS was significantly reduced (χ2=19.05). A significant delay in analgesia prescription was recorded. Request for analgesia was associated with incomplete primary school (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13 – 0.84) and severe pain (OR 8.18, 95%CI 1.91 - 35.02). PA prescription was associated with delivery performed by a team of doctors and nurses (OR 2.20, 95%CI 1.08 -4.49, p 0.02) and time of labor >8 hours (OR 7.45, 95%CI 3.27 – 16.99). Both NPA and PA significantly reduced severe pain. Findings underscore the importance of clinical staff training on appropriate analgesia pain management considering patient preferences, timing, and type of analgesia.
Clinical study on the necessity and feasibility of routine MRCP in patients with cholecystolithiasis before LC
Authors: Guo Xu , Fan Qing , Guo Yiman , Li Xinming , Hu Jili , Wang Zhuoyin , Wang Jing , Li Kai , Zhang Nengwei , Amin Buhe , Zhu Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: In the past quite a long time, intraoperative cholangiography（IOC）was necessary during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Now magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the main method for diagnosing common bile duct stones (CBDS). Whether MRCP can replace IOC as routine examination before LC is still inconclusive. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data of patientsundergoing LC for cholecystolithiasis, and to explore the necessity and feasibility of preoperative routine MRCP in patients with cholecystolithiasis.
Methods: According to whether MRCP was performed before operation, 184 patients undergoing LC for cholecystolithiasis in the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 were divided into non-MRCP group and MRCP group for this retrospective study. The results of preoperative laboratory test, abdominal ultrasound and MRCP, biliary related comorbidities, surgical complications, hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were compared between the two groups.
Results: Among the 184 patients, there were 83 patients in non-MRCP group and 101 patients in MRCP group. In MRCP group, the detection rates of cholecystolithiasis combined with CBDS and common bile duct dilatation by MRCPwere higher than those by abdominal ultrasound (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in non-MRCP group (8.43%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in MRCP group (0%). There was no significant difference in hospital stay (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference in hospitalization expenses (P < 0.05) between the two groups. According to the stratification of gallbladder stone patients with CBDS, hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were compared, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The preoperative MRCP can detect CBDS, cystic duct stones and anatomical variants of biliary tract that cannot be diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound, which is helpful to plan the surgical methods and reduce the surgical complications. From the perspective of health economics, routine MRCP in patients with cholecystolithiasis before LC does not increase hospitalization costs, and is necessary and feasible.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Economic Feasibility: Conventional versus Organic Tomato Cultivation in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Bhardwaj Arvind , Singh Lakhwinder Pal , Singh Gurraj , Kumar Anupam , Pattnayak Kanhu Charan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To meet the growing demand for vegetable production and promote sustainable agriculture, it is imperative to implement effective input management and adopt eco-friendly farming practices. This study aims to compare the environmental impacts of conventional and organic tomato cultivation in the northern plains of India. This study utilizes SimaPro 9.1.1 software for a comprehensive cradle-to-farm gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), assessing production stages, identifying key environmental factors, and incorporating ReCiPe Midpoint and Endpoint methods with one-hectare as a functional unit. Findings reveal that conventional cultivation is more affected by fertilization and transplanting, while organic cultivation emphasizes transplanting and irrigation. Organic cultivation contributes 904.708 kg CO2, while conventional cultivation contributes 1307.917 kg CO2 to Global Warming potential. Switching to organic cultivation leads to a significant 35.04% decrease in all impact categories. Using the endpoint method, organic cultivation achieves a notable 27.16% reduction, scoring 58.30 compared to conventional cultivation's 80.04. The LCA analysis of tomato cultivation highlights fertilization as the predominant environmental concern, emphasizing the need for sustainable techniques to minimize waste and mitigate environmental impacts. This study recommends imposing restrictions on fertilizer and pesticide use, and formulating effective policies to promote the adoption of sustainable practices.
The Impact of Recreational Rhythmic Gymnastics Training on Selective Attention and Working Memory in Women Adults
Authors: Carvalho Natália Martins , Veras Allice Santos Cruz , Teixeira Giovana Rampazzo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rhythmic gymnastics, renowned for its elegance and grace, demands a harmonious blend of physical prowess and cognitive aptitude. This study delves into the realm of recreational rhythmic gymnastics, aiming to assess its impact on selective attention and working memory in adult women. By employing the Stroop and N-Back tasks as executive function tests, we scrutinized the effects of an 8-week intervention period of rhythmic gymnastics. The results yielded significant findings (p < 0.05), particularly in the domains of incongruent answers within the Stroop test and the 2-back task of the N-Back test. Ultimately, our study concludes that engaging in rhythmic gymnastics as a recreational pursuit can effectively enhance both memory and attention in women.
Prognostic effect of nodal status before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a Dutch population-based study
Authors: de Wild Sabine Rosalie , Koppert Linetta B. , de Munck Linda , Peeters Marie-Jeanne T.F.D. Vrancken , Siesling Sabine , Smidt Marjolein L. , Simons Janine M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can downstage the nodal status, and can even result in a pathological complete response, which is associated with improved prognosis. This study aimed to determine the prognostic effect of nodal status before and after NAC.
Methods
Women with breast cancer treated with NAC were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry if diagnosed between 2005–2019, and classified based on nodal status before NAC: node-negative (cN0), or node-positive based on fine needle aspiration cytology or core needle biopsy (cN+). Subgroups were based on nodal status after NAC: absence (ypN0) or presence (ypN+) of nodal disease. Five-year overall survival (OS) was assessed with Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, also per breast cancer molecular subtype. To adjust for potential confounders, multivariable analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 6,580 patients were included in the cN0 group, and 11,878 in the cN + group. The 5-year OS of the cN0ypN0-subgroup was statistically significant better than that of the cN + ypN0-subgroup (94.4% versus 90.1%, p < 0.0001). In cN0 as well as cN + disease, ypN + had a statistically significant worse 5-year OS compared to ypN0. For hormone receptor (HR) + human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-, HR + HER2+, HR-HER2+, and triple negative disease, respectively, 5-year OS in the cN0ypN+-subgroup was 89.7%, 90.4%, 73.7%, and 53.6%, and in the cN + ypN+-subgroup 84.7%, 83.2%, 61.4%, and 48.8%. In multivariable analyses, cN + and ypN + disease were both associated with worse OS.
Conclusion
This study suggests that both cN-status and ypN-status, and molecular subtype should be considered to further improve prognostication.
Ut av barnehagen! Sosial og kulturell bærekraft gjennom ekspedisjoner i nærmiljøet
Authors: Bakken Yvonne 
Published: July 2023

This chapter aims to show how exploration and experiences of kindergarten’s local surroundings can promote education for sustainable development. I simply give four good reasons for staff to get children outside of the kindergarten fences: belonging, community, place-based learning, and social equalisation.
These concepts form the theoretical basis, in which I further link to the EID (Environmental Identity Development) model I have adapted from Green et al. (2016). It is a framework that details how children can develop social and cultural awareness with the support of adults. I have interviewed five kindergarten teachers and analyzed the conversations using directed content analysis.
The concepts I explain briefly in the theory section build on each other, so that these concepts form a development in environmental (i.e. social) awareness. The examples from my informants put into the EID model show how one can gradually facilitate learning – in, to, about, and for – social and cultural sustainability.
CuAAC AS A SELECTIVE PROCESS 1,4-DISUBSTITUTED 1,2,3-TRIAZOLES BASED ON AZIDOALKYLNITRAMINES
Authors: Шестакова Е.О. , Ильясов С.Г. 
Published: July 2023

В статье рассмотрена реакция CuAAC азидоалкилнитраминов к терминальным ацетиленам в присутствии в качестве катализатора порошка меди. На примере модельной реакции CuAAC 1,3-диазидо-2-нитро-2-азапропана к пропаргиловому спирту изучено влияние природы растворителя, температуры, мольного соотношения реагентов на продолжительность реакции, выход и качество продукта. В результате проделанной работы определены оптимальные условия получения соответствующих 1,4-дизамещенных 1,2,3-триазолов: температура реакции – 20÷25 ºС, растворитель – хлористый метилен, мольное соотношение азид : алкин – 1:2,2. В данных условиях синтезировано три новых соединения с достаточно высоким выходом (до 84 %) и содержанием основного вещества до 99,95 %. Строение полученных соединений подтверждено методами ЯМР-, ИК-спектроскопии и элементным анализом.
The article considers the CuAAC reaction of azidoalkylnitramines to terminal acetylenes in the presence of copper powder as a catalyst. Using the model reaction of CuAAC of 1,3-diazido-2-nitro-2-azapropane to propargyl alcohol as an example, the effect of the nature of the solvent, temperature, molar ratio of reagents on the reaction time, yield, and quality of the product was studied. As a result of the work done, the optimal conditions for obtaining the corresponding 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were determined: the reaction temperature is 20÷25 ºС, the solvent is methylene chloride, the molar ratio of azide : alkyne is 1:2.2. Under these conditions, three new compounds were synthesized with a sufficiently high yield (up to 84%) and the content of the main substance up to 99.95%. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.