bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative symptoms and cognitive impairment are associated with distinct motivational deficits in treatment resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Saleh Youssuf , Jarratt-Barnham Isaac , Petitet Pierre , Fernandez-Egea Emilo , Manohar Sanjay , Husain Masud 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background:
Motivational deficits are a central feature of the negative syndrome in schizophrenia. They have consistently been associated with reduced willingness to expend physical effort in return for monetary rewards on effort based decision making (EBDM) paradigms. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying such altered performance are not well characterised, and it remains unclear if they are driven purely by negative symptoms, or also in part by cognitive impairment, antipsychotic treatment or even positive symptoms. Here we investigated the impact of all these factors using a paradigm that has not previously been used to measure EBDM in schizophrenia.
Methods:
Forty treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) patients on clozapine and matched controls (N = 80) completed a well validated EBDM task which offers monetary rewards in return for physical effort. Choice and reaction time data was analysed using logistic regressions, as well as Bayesian hierarchical drift diffusion modelling (HDDM). Behavioural parameters were compared between groups and their association with negative symptoms, cognitive function and serum clozapine levels were assessed.
Results:
Overall, TRS patients were significantly less motivated than controls during effort-based decision making. They demonstrated reduced sensitivity to increasing rewards, but surprisingly were also less averse to increasing effort. Despite a positive correlation between negative symptoms and cognitive function in TRS, reward sensitivity was associated only with cognitive performance. In contrast, reduced effort aversion correlated with negative symptom severity. Clozapine levels and positive symptoms were not associated with either behavioural parameter.
Conclusion:
Motivational deficits in TRS are characterised by both diminished reward sensitivity and reduced effort aversion during EBDM. Cognitive dysfunction and negative symptom severity account for distinct aspects of these behavioural changes, despite positive associations between themselves. Overall, these findings demonstrate that negative symptoms and cognitive impairment have significant independent contributions to EBDM in TRS, thereby opening the possibility of individualised treatment targeting these mechanisms to improve motivation.
Natural restoration of degraded karst vegetation shifts the acquisition strategy of soil microbial phosphorus by enhancing organic phosphorus and decreasing inorganic phosphorus cycling potentials
Authors: Dai Yu , Chen Danmei , Zang Lipeng , Zhang Guangqi , Liu Qingfu , He Yuejun , Ding Fangjun , Wang Shasha , Zhou Chunjie , Yang Yousu , Li Yujuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

AimsSoil phosphorus (P) cycling in karst regions is mainly regulated by microbial activities. Natural restoration has been widely adopted in the degraded karst regions of southwestern China. However, the responses of functional genes and microbial communities involved in soil P cycling to revegetation have not been well characterized.MethodsWe used metagenomic sequencing to investigate the genes and microorganisms related to soil P cycling derived from natural restoration stages (shrubbery, TG; secondary forest, SG; old-growth forest, OG) in the southeast of Guizhou Province, China.ResultsNatural restoration affected the composition of soil P cycling genes. When TG returned to OG, the relative abundance of organic P (OP) mineralization genes increased from 45.78% to 48.38%, while the genes related to inorganic P (IP) solubilization decreased from 27.19% to 25.03%. Compared to aboveground plant diversity, soil nutrients more affected the relative abundances of OP and IP genes. Structural equation model (SEM) further indicated that soil nutrients directly drove the increase in the relative abundance of OP genes and indirectly impacted the relative abundance of IP genes. We also found that Proteobacteria (38.97%–52.72%) and Actinobacteria (13.44%–29.34%) were the main contributors to soil OP and IP cycling genes but their contributions varied among the restoration stages.ConclusionsNatural restoration of the degraded karst vegetation shifted the acquisition strategy of soil microbial P by enhancing OP but decreasing IP cycling potentials. This study provides a novel insight into the regulation of P cycling in the ecological restoration of degraded karst regions from microbial perspective.
Lasmiditan Hemisuccinate: Selective Separation and Validation of Process Related Impurities by HPLC
Authors: Bhaskar P. Vijay , Reddy E. Venkata , Reddy M. Maheswar , Raghavendra A. , Kumar A. Varun , Kapoor Shaik Anil , Tejasri N. , Yakaiah D. , Karthikeyan T. , Reddy A. N. Kishore Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A rapid and efficient gradient RP-HPLC method was developed for the selective separation and determination of process related impurities of Lasmiditan Hemisuccinate (LDT) and its degradation products in bulk drugs. Chromatographic separation of five process related impurities of LDT was tested on Eclipse XDB C8, Primasil C18, Inertsil ODS 3V, and Zorbax SB-phenyl columns for efficient separation. A mobile phase consisting of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer (20 mM, pH 7.2) and methanol was eluted in a gradient mode and monitored with a UV/PDA detector at 260 nm. Forced degradation studies were conducted on LDT to evaluate its stability under various conditions. The drug was found to be stable under neutral, thermal, and photolytic degradation conditions, while unstable in acidic, alkaline, and peroxide conditions. Chromatographic separation and identification of LDT degradation products were carried out using LC-MS. Chromatographic separation of the degradation products was achieved on Intersil ODS 3V C18 column using gradient elution, with a mixture of phosphate buffer (20 mM, pH 7.2) and methanol as mobile phase. The developed method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness according to ICH guidelines and can be used in quality control to determine the impurities of LDT and evaluate its stability.
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane isolated and injectable-PRF-mixed particulate bovine bone graft in rattibiae non-critical defects healing
Authors: Soares Lélio Fernando Ferreira , Carrera Thaisa Macedo Iunes , Alves Roberta de Oliveira , Marcantonio Camila Chiérici , Cirelli Joni Augusto , de Oliveira Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes , Neves Juliana dos Santos , Mariano Ronaldo Célio , Pigossi Suzane Cristina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Modeling and analysis of upper limb kinematics in sign language recognition
Authors: Chen hf , di changan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Analysis of sign language characteristics is of great significance to the establishment of sign language recognition systems. However, a unified standard is required to evaluate whether the collected and analyzed characteristics are complete and can effectively characterize sign language gestures. In this study, a complete upper limb kinematics model is established for sign language based on the Denavit–Hartenberg (DH) robotics kinematics model; the expression of key nodes and the determination method of model parameters based on upper limb sign language are analyzed; the inverse kinematics solving equation is established according to the actual sign language expression, and the correctness of the platform inverse kinematics equation is verified. This study establishes a theoretical basis for the application research of the platform so as to provide model support for judging the completeness of the characteristic analysis.
Endothelin-1, a marker for systemic lupus erythematosus?
Authors: Li Rong , Yang Chan , Tang Yang-Yang , Wang Da-Cheng , Huang An-Fang , Xu Wang-Dong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic rheumatic disorder. Endothelin-1, a vasoconstrictor, belongs to the endothelin family. To date, association between ET-1 and pathogenesis of SLE remains unclear.
Method: This case-control study was carried out by 314 SLE, 252 other inflammatory autoimmune diseases patients and 500 healthy controls. Serum ET-1, CCN3, IL-28B levels were detected by ELISA, and ET-1 gene polymorphisms (rs5369, rs5370, rs1476046, rs2070699, rs2071942, rs2071943, rs3087459, rs4145451, rs6458155, rs9369217) were genotyped with KASP.
Results: Raised ET-1 concentrations in SLE patients correlated with clinical characteristics. Serum CCN3, IL-28B expressions were higher in SLE patients, and ET-1 levels were positively correlated with the two cytokines. Rs5370, rs1476046, rs2070699, rs2071942, rs2071943, rs3087459, rs6458155 and rs2070699 were associated with SLE risk. Rs2070699 (T, TT) was related to alopecia. Rs5370 (T, TT, TG), rs1476046 (G,GA), rs2071942 (G,GA) and rs2071943 (G,GA) were associated with pericarditis, pyuria and fever manifestations. Rs3087459 (CC) and rs9369217 (TC) were relevant to anti-SSB indicator. Rs5369 (AA) was associated with IgG and CRP levels.
Conclusion: elevated serum ET-1 in SLE patients may be a potential disease marker, and its gene polymorphisms were relevant to SLE susceptibility.
Efficiency comparison of Enterobacter cloacae and Saccharomyces boulardii in biodegradation of crude oil in water
Authors: awad suadad , hatif zainab hani 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeeking new effective crude oil-degrading microorganisms was the aim of this study, wereSaccharomyces boulardiiandEnterobacter cloacaeused separately and as a combination of (bacteria and yeast) in crude oil biodegradation was used and estimated of its degradation by Gas chromatography. The result revealed that the most effective degradation rate was when used the mixture of bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae) and yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii) reached to 60%.
Don’t sweat it: The biocultural relationship between stress and female olfactory ability
Authors: Sponholtz Julia , Guitar Amanda , Lynn Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective:
Stress is a mental and physical phenomenon, affecting functions throughout the body. When someone is stressed, they might twitch, stumble over their words, look tense, or sweat. However, these are all visual and auditory clues. We wanted to investigate if people can pick up on the olfactory signals of stress as well. More specifically, we investigated whether sweat produced by individuals who report higher stress is perceived differently than those who report lower levels of stress.
Methods:
To study the link between stress and smell, we started with two groups of participants. One set of participants (n = 19) wore t-shirts overnight and completed several surveys about their mental and emotional states. Another set of participants (n = 18) smelled the t-shirts and rated the odors in terms of disgust, intensity, and pleasantness.
Results:
We found that individuals reporting higher perceived stress, negative affect, and poorer sleep quality had higher ratings of disgust by the t-shirt smellers (p < .05). Likewise, if the t-shirt wearers had higher positive affect scores, then their shirts tended to be rated higher on pleasantness.
Conclusions:
These results suggest a biocultural relationship between stress and smell where olfactory cues of stress are detectable by others and are perceived negatively.
"We give our all": Mothers’ experience of participating in the care of their newborns in newborn care units in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Wanduru Phillip , Hanson Claudia , Waiswa Peter , Kakooza-Mwesige Angelina , Alvesson Helle Mölsted 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Mothers’ participation in the care of their sick newborns in newborn care units (NCUs) has been linked to several advantages including earlier discharge, fewer complications, better mother-baby bonding, and an easier transition after discharge. This study aimed to understand mothers' experiences while participating in the care of their sick newborns in the NCUs to inform interventions promoting mothers’ participation in resource-limited settings.
Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study comprised of 18 in-depth interviews with mothers caring for their newborns in two NCUs at a regional referral and general hospital in Eastern Uganda between April and May 2022. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed. For analysis, we used a thematic approach.
Results:
Mothers participated in activities ranging from the more basic, like breastfeeding and skin-to-skin care, to the more “clinical”, including tasks such as nasal gastric feeding, and oxygen therapy provision. Mothers were eager to participate in care. The fear of losing their baby was a major underlying sentiment driving their participation. Mothers' perspectives on i) medical care, ii) the living space in the NCU, and iii) their support system emerged as key themes. Mothers expressed varying degrees of confidence in care, depending on whether or not their baby was improving. Although some mothers needed medical attention, NCU staff only paid attention to the baby. NCU space was crowded, and mothers expressed a lack of control over their personal space. Mothers turned to families to mobilize resources because caring for babies was logistically and financially taxing. Family member support roles and expectation were gendered.
Conclusion:
This study indicates that mothers are eager to participate in their babies' care in the NCU. Many negative experiences, however, taint mothers' participation in their babies' care. Interventions to encourage mothers' participation in the NICU should focus on improving NCU staff-mother interaction, privacy, and space issues, and leveraging the family's role in supporting mothers.
Single Molecular Localizations of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel NaV1.5 on the Surfaces of Normal and Cancer Breast Cells
Authors: Li Xinyu , Zhao Li , Feng Rongrong , Du Xiaowei , Guo Zelin , Meng Yu , Zou Yulan , Liao Wenchao , Liu Qiyuan , Sheng Yaohuan , Zhao Gaowei , Zhong Haijian , Zhao Weidong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are widely expressed in various types of tumor and cancer cells, and NaV1.5 are overexpression in highly metastatic breast cancer cells. There may be positive relations between the expression levels of NaV1.5 and the breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. Herein, NaV1.5 were detected and localized on the surfaces of normal and cancer breast cells by Single Molecular Recognition Imaging mode (SMRI) of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results reveal that NaV1.5 were irregularly distributed on the surfaces of normal and cancer breast cells. The NaV1.5 take an area percentage of 0.6% and 7.2% on normal and cancer breast cells, respectively, which indicates that there are more NaV1.5 on cancer cells than normal cells. The specific interaction forces and binding kinetics between NaV1.5-antibody complex system were investigated with Single Molecular Force Spectroscopy (SMFS) mode of AFM, indicating that the stability of the NaV1.5-antibody on normal breast cells is higher than cancer breast cells. All these results will be useful to study the interactions of other ion channel-antibody systems, and will also be useful to understand the role of sodium channels in tumor metastasis and invasion.
Circumferential Spray Patternation of the Pressure-Swirl Atomizers
Authors: Nural Ozan Ekin , Ertunç Özgür 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pressure-swirl atomizers (PSAs) are commonly used in aerospace engines and various industrial settings. Even though the design of PSAs is simple, the internal flow dynamics can be quite complex due to the presence of swirling motion, turbulence, and an air core. While certain parameters such as spray angle and droplet distribution have been widely studied and modeled, the circumferential distribution of the atomizer flow is not well understood. The objectives of this study are to identify the cause of non-uniformity in the spray produced by PSAs and to develop a uniformity model to predict the level of circumferential patternation of spray. To accomplish this, 3D numerical simulations were run on a range of PSAs, and three atomizers were fabricated using laser-lithography to ensure maximum manufacturing precision. Of the fabricated atomizers, two exhibited uniform distributions, while the other had deficiencies in both internal and external flow fields. LIF/Mie experiments on a radial plane and high-speed images on central axial plane of the manufactured atomizers were conducted.The results indicated that non-uniformity in the internal flow greatly impacts downstream droplet distribution. The root cause of non-uniformity was determined to be the interaction of inlet flows as they enter the swirl chamber. A new semi-empirical uniformity model, based on experimental data, was developed and found to be more accurate than existing models.
Selection of plant species and substrates affect the removal rates of the metals from solid waste leachate in horizontal flow constructed wetlands?
Authors: Batool Ammara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Present work reported a systematic assessment of treatment efficacy for two pilot-scale horizontal flow constructed wetlands for metal (zinc, copper and lead) removal over the course of one year in an outdoor study to evaluate the effects of plant and substrates. The systems consisted of horizontal flow wetland with 0.3m depth, filled with sand and zeolite. One system was planted with Vetiveria zizanioides and Chloris gayna and other was planted with Eucalyptus globulus, while one left unplanted as control. Percentage removal rates with respect to the performance of plants and substrates for both HF systems were discussed. The HF1 wetland removed Zn, Cu and Pb by 50–93%, 67–98% and 77–99%, respectively. Whereas, HF2 wetland removed Zn, Cu and Pb by 60–99%, 78–99% and 78–99% respectively. Plants and substrates clearly enhanced treatment efficacy (p<0.05) despite of fluctuation in temperature and influent concentration and also improved the performance of plants for removal of metals without exerting stress on their proliferation within wetlands.
Human impacts on risk of antibiotics in soil differentially depend on land system across scales
Authors: Zhao Fangkai , Yang Lei , Yen Haw , Feng Qingyu , Li Min , Chen Liding 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely used to protect human health and improve food production, however, they persist in soil and undermine ecosystem sustainability. The human impacts on soil susceptibility to antibiotic pollution on various spatial scales are poorly understood. Here, we predicted the geographic characteristics of antibiotic pollution risk and explored the corresponding human impacts on multiple spatial scales in China, a representative of high level of human activity. Given that human activities increase antibiotic pollution risk, land systems play a more fundamental role in risk increase than do population and economic growth. With decreasing spatial scale, land use composition had pronounced contributions to antibiotic pollution risk instead of land management strategy (55.9 ± 13.4% vs. 7.0 ± 1.7%). Furthermore, we identified the regions of concern, and thresholds of the effects of land system intensification on risk increase based on their non-linear changes. The scale-dependent relationships elucidate the sustainability of human–environment systems across spatial scales, which is beneficial to the establishment of strategies and action plans worldwide.
Butyrate alleviates cognitive impairment by improving gut mucosal barrier function and blocking neuroinflammatory signaling in LDLR-/- mice
Authors: Song Ruijuan , Gao Hui , Jiang Hui , Zhang Weiguo , Han Shufen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, possess neuroactive properties. The present study aimed to explore whether SCFAs-butyrate can repress neuroinflammation and alleviate cognitive impairment via improving gut mucosal barrier function and mediating tryptophan metabolism in LDLR−/− mice.

Methods

LDLR−/− mice were fed an atherosclerotic diet with 1.25% cholesterol and 40% calories from fat and concomitantly treated by intragastric administration with either normal saline as model group or 400mg/kg/day sodium butyrate for 8 weeks.

Results

For gut barrier function, butyrate increased expression of tight junction protein, and inhibited intestinal inflammatory pathways by targeting the toll-like receptor 4 signaling and the nod-like receptors domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Subsequently, butyrate reduced not only the serum lipopolysaccharide level but also its capability to cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to the suppression of tau phosphorylation and the improvement of neuroinflammation by inhibiting the increase in reactive microglia and astrocytes, and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the cortex and hippocampus. Final behavioral tests indicated that butyrate delayed cognitive impairment via decreasing latency to the platform and lengthening swimming distance in the target quadrant. Nevertheless, butyrate showed no effect on serotonin, indoleacetic acid, L-kynurenine, niacinamide, and their metabolites, indicating that the observed effects on cognitive function are unrelated to the tryptophan metabolism.

Conclusion

In summary, the present study provided the novel experimental evidence that butyrate played a neuroprotective role by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. The reduction of neuroinflammation may be related to the improvement of gut mucosal barrier function and the decrease of the penetration of intestinal endotoxin from the gut to the central nervous system.
A comparative Analysis of Mediating Effects of Governance on Human Capital Skill, Infrastructure and Industrial Sector Growth: Evidence from ECA, ECCAS, ECOWAS, and SADC.
Authors: Keji Sunday Anderu , Mbonigaba Josue , Akinola Gbenga Wilfred 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Mediating roles of governance are pertinent to industrial sector growth in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), especially during this period of fiscal belt-tightening recovery from the global pandemic. Evidence suggests that mediating roles of governance in SSA on human capital skill development and infrastructural development for industrial sector growth could have been better compared to other regions. Lack of “political will” to address low productive skills and dilapidated spread of infrastructural techs have compromised productivity growth in SSA. The study hypothesized that governance positively affects human capital skills and infrastructure techs to influence industrial sector growth across the sub-region. Sub-sample and Sys-GMM analysis showed statistically significant effects of governance on industrial output growth via human capital and infrastructure indicators. Similarly, a comparative analysis via Fixed Effect Least Square Dummy Variable (FE-LSDV), as suggested by the Hausman test, was adopted to examine sub-regional specific mediating effects of governance across SSA. The LSDV outcomes from the combined model were compared with the LSDV outcomes from specific models to systematically establish the true nature of mediating effects of governance via human capital skill and infrastructure on industrial output growth in SSA. The overall results showed different significant effects from human capital skill development and infrastructural-tech development on industrial sector growth based on the strength of fiscal allocations across sub-regional countries. Therefore, countries at the sub-regional level should draft more policy support to prioritize factor input based on their specific need and competitive advantage to reduce the cost of governance and production for rapid industrial growth.
JEL Classification: C1 H4 L8