bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar dynamics are determined by the ordered assembly of the ribosome
Authors: Sheu-Gruttadauria Jessica , Yan Xiaowei , Stuurman Nico , Vale Ronald D. , Floor Stephen N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRibosome biogenesis occurs in the nucleolus, a nuclear biomolecular condensate that exhibits dynamic biophysical properties thought to be important for function. However, the relationship between ribosome assembly and nucleolar dynamics is incompletely understood. Here, we present a platform forhigh-throughput fluorescence recoveryafterphotobleaching (HiT-FRAP), which we use to screen hundreds of genes for their impact on dynamics of the nucleolar scaffold nucleophosmin (NPM1). We find that scaffold dynamics and nucleolar morphology respond to disruptions in key stages of ribosome biogenesis. Accumulation of early ribosomal intermediates leads to nucleolar rigidification while late intermediates lead to increased fluidity. We map these biophysical changes to specific ribosomal intermediates and their affinity for NPM1. We also discover that disrupting mRNA processing impacts nucleolar dynamics and ribosome biogenesis. This work mechanistically ties ribosome assembly to the biophysical features of the nucleolus and enables study of how dynamics relate to function across other biomolecular condensates.HighlightsHigh-ThroughputFluorescenceRecoveryAfterPhotobleaching (HiT-FRAP) platform discovers factors that govern macromolecular dynamics of the nucleolar scaffold NPM1NPM1 dynamics and nucleolar morphology are determined by specific ribosomal intermediates in the nucleolusMutation of interfaces in NPM1 that mediate ribosome interactions tunes nucleolar dynamicsDisruption of mRNA processing pathways leads to accumulation of early rRNA precursors in the nucleolus and rigidification
Cell autonomous polarization by the planar cell polarity signaling pathway
Authors: Weiner Alexis T , Nissen Silas Boye , Suyama Kaye , Cho Bomsoo , Pierre-Louis Gandhy , Axelrod Jeffrey D 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlanar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling polarizes epithelial cells in a plane orthogonal to their apical-basal axis. A core PCP signaling module segregates two distinct molecular subcomplexes to opposite sides of cells and coordinates the direction of polarization between neighboring cells. Homodimers of the atypical cadherin Flamingo are thought to scaffold these subcomplexes and are required for intercellular polarity signaling. Feedback is required for polarization, but whether feedback requires intercellular and/or intracellular pathways is unknown, and traditional genetic tools have limited utility in dissecting these mechanisms. Using novel tools, we show that cells lacking Flamingo, or bearing a homodimerization-deficient Flamingo, do polarize, indicating that functional PCP subcomplexes form and segregate cell-autonomously. We identify feedback pathways and propose a competitive binding-based asymmetry amplifying mechanism that each operate cell-autonomously. The intrinsic logic of PCP signaling is therefore more similar to that in single cell polarizing systems than was previously recognized.
A green-fluorescent siderophore protects bacterial communities from UV damage
Authors: Özkaya Özhan , Kramer Jos , Wechsler Tobias , Kümmerli Rolf 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTSunlight enables virtually all life on earth, but also entails harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation inducing DNA damage. In response to UV stress, natural selection has favored both curative and preventive measures such as DNA repair mechanisms and UV-absorbing pigments. While UV protection by pigments is well documented in plants, animals and fungi, little is known about their protective role in bacteria. Here, we combine batch-culture and microscopy experiments to show that the siderophore pyoverdine, a fluorescent pigment produced by the opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosaoffers high-level protection against UV radiation. Our results reveal that bacteria up-regulate pyoverdine production following UV exposure, seemingly as part of a general stress response. We further found that pyoverdine cannot curatively alleviate UV-damage but protects cells preventively and collectively from oncoming UV exposures through its accumulation in the environment. Altogether, our results reveal a new and non-canonical function of this iron-scavenging molecule, demonstrating that pyoverdine acts as a public sunscreen protecting bacterial populations from UV damage. Given that many bacteria produce pigments, such protection might be widespread in species colonizing habitats exposed to UV radiation.
Identification of a new gregarine parasite in mass mortality events of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) in Sweden
Authors: Alfjorden Anders , Brännström Ioana Onut , Wengström Niklas , Kristmundsson Arni , Jamy Mahwash , Persson David , Burki Fabien 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTFreshwater bivalves play key ecological roles in lakes and rivers, largely contributing to healthy ecosystems. The freshwater pearl mussel,Margaritifera margaritifera,is found in Europe and on the East coast of North America. Once common in oxygenated streams,M. margaritiferais rapidly declining, and consequently assessed as a threatened species worldwide. Deterioration of water quality has been considered the main factors for the mass mortality events affecting this species. Yet, the role of parasitic infections has not been investigated. Here, we report the discovery of three novel protist lineages found in Swedish populations ofM. margaritiferabelonging to one of the terrestrial groups of gregarines (Eugregarinorida, Apicomplexa). These lineages are closely related–but clearly separated– from the tadpole parasiteNematopsis temporariae. In one lineage, which is specifically associated with mortality events ofM. margaritifera,we found using microscopy andin situhybridization cysts in the gills and other organs of diseased individual, containing single vermiform zoites. This represents the first report of a parasitic infection inM. margaritiferathat may be linked to the decline of this mussel species. We propose a tentative life cycle with distribution of different developmental forms and potential exit from the host into the environment.
CRISPR-Cas inhibits plasmid transfer and immunizes bacteria against antibiotic resistance acquisition in manure
Authors: Upreti Chahat , Kumar Pranav , Durso Lisa M. , Palmer Kelli L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria is a pressing global issue. The bacterial defense system CRISPR-Cas acts as a barrier to the spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids, and CRISPR-Cas-based antimicrobials can be effective to selectively deplete antibiotic-resistant bacteria. While significant surveillance efforts monitor the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the clinical context, a major, often overlooked aspect of the issue is resistance emergence in agriculture. Farm animals are commonly treated with antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance in agriculture is on the rise. Yet, CRISPR-Cas efficacy has not been investigated in this setting. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of CRISPR-Cas in agriculturalEnterococcus faecalisstrains and its anti-plasmid efficacy in an agricultural niche – manure. Analyzing 1,986E. faecalisgenomes from human and animal hosts, we show that the prevalence of CRISPR-Cas subtypes is similar between clinical and agriculturalE. faecalisstrains. Using plasmid conjugation assays, we found that CRISPR-Cas is a significant barrier against resistance plasmid transfer in manure. Finally, we used a CRISPR-based antimicrobial approach to cure resistantE. faecalisof erythromycin resistance, but this was limited by delivery efficiency of the CRISPR antimicrobial in manure. However, immunization of bacteria against resistance gene acquisition in manure was highly effective. Together, our results show thatE. faecalisCRISPR-Cas is prevalent and effective in an agricultural setting and has the potential to be utilized for depleting antibiotic-resistant populations. Our work has broad implications for tackling antibiotic resistance in the increasingly relevant agricultural setting, in line with a One Health approach.ImportanceAntibiotic resistance is a growing global health crisis in human and veterinary medicine. Previous work has shown technologies based on CRISPR-Cas - a bacterial defense system - to be effective in tackling antibiotic resistance. Here we test if CRISPR-Cas is present and effective in agricultural niches, specifically in the ubiquitously present bacterium –Enterococcus faecalis. We show that CRISPR-Cas is both prevalent and functional in manure, and has the potential to be used to specifically kill bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes. This study demonstrates the utility of CRISPR-Cas based strategies for control of antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings.
The oxytocin-modulated brain circuit that synchronizes heart rate with breathing
Authors: Buron Julie , Linossier Ambre , Gestreau Christian , Schaller Fabienne , Tyzio Roman , Felix Marie-Solenne , Matarazzo Valéry , Thoby-Brisson Muriel , Muscatelli Françoise , Menuet Clément 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe variation in heart rate in phase with breathing, called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), is cardio-protective1,2. RSA amplitude provides an index of health and physical fitness used both clinically, and by the broader population using “smart” watches. Relaxation and positive socio-emotional states can amplify RSA3, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we identify a hypothalamus-brainstem neuronal network through which the neuromodulator oxytocin (OT), known for its relaxing and prosocial effects4, amplifies RSA during calming behavior. OT neurons from the caudal paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus were found to regulate the activity of a subgroup of inhibitory neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex, the brainstem neuronal group that generates the inspiratory rhythm. Specifically, OT amplifies the inspiratory glycinergic input from pre-Bötzinger complex neurons to cardiac-innervating parasympathetic neurons in the nucleus ambiguus. This leads to amplified respiratory modulation of parasympathetic activity to the heart, thereby amplifying RSA. Behaviorally, OT neurons participate in the restoration of RSA amplitude during recovery from stress. This work shows how a central action of OT induces a physiologically beneficial regulation of cardiac activity during a calming behavior, providing a foundation for therapeutic strategies for anxiety disorders and coping with stress. Furthermore, it identifies a phenotypic signature of a subpopulation of neurons controlling RSA, namely pre-Bötzinger complex neurons expressing the OT-receptor, enabling the specific modulation of RSA amplitude to resolve its physiological and psychological functions.
Deciphering the Genomes of Motility-Deficient Mutants ofVibrio alginolyticus138-2
Authors: Uesaka Kazuma , Inaba Keita , Nishioka Noriko , Kojima Seiji , Homma Michio , Ihara Kunio 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe motility ofVibriospecies plays a pivotal role in their survival and adaptation to diverse environments, and is intricately associated with pathogenicity in both humans and aquatic animals. Numerous mutant strains ofVibrio alginolyticushave been generated using UV or EMS mutagenesis to probe flagellar motility using molecular genetic approaches. Identifying these mutations promises to yield valuable insights into motility at the protein structural physiology level. In this study, we conducted an exhaustive analysis of the genomic structures of laboratoryVibriostrains that served as reference specimens. This assemblage notably encompassed the progenitor strainV. alginolyticus138-2, alongside two strains displaying deficiencies in the lateral flagella (VIO5 and YM4) and one evincing a deficiency in the polar flagella (YM19). Subsequently, we meticulously ascertained the specific mutation sites within the 18 motility-deficient strains whose parents could be traced back to VIO5 or YM4. The identified mutations were conclusively localized within well-established flagella-related genes, providing a coherent rationale for the phenotypic traits exhibited by each motility-deficient mutant. In addition to these motility-related mutations, an average of 20 additional mutations was detected in each mutant strain. Genomic analysis of many mutants is a highly effective tool for comprehensively identifying genes related to specific phenotypes using forward genetics.IMPORTANCEBacteria of theVibriospecies rely on their motility for survival, adaptation, and pathogenicity. Identifying specific changes in the genome of non-motile mutants can help understand the genes that regulate flagella and motility in these bacteria. Herin, we sequenced the genome ofVibrio alginolyticus138-2 strain and other motility defective strains and identified most of the mutations to be within genes encoding flagella. Additionally, we also provide a coherent rationale for the motility deficiency in these mutants. We believe that this study could provide a framework for genome sequencing-based methods for studying molecular functions in bacteria.
Exploration of ChatGPT application in diabetes education: a multi-dataset, multi-reviewer study
Authors: Ying Zhen , Fan Yujuan , Lu Jiaping , Wang Ping , Zou Lin , Tang Qi , Chen Yizhou , Li Xiaoying , Chen Ying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsLarge language models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT have recently emerged as potential solutions to challenges of traditional diabetes education. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and utility of ChatGPT application in diabetes education.MethodsWe conducted a multi-dataset, multi-reviewer study. In the retrospective dataset evaluation, 85 questions covering seven aspects of diabetes education were collected. Three physicians evaluate the ChatGPT responses for reproducibility, relevance, correctness, helpfulness, and safety, while twelve laypersons evaluated the readability, helpfulness, and trustworthiness of the responses. In the real-world dataset evaluation, three individuals with type 2 diabetes (a newly diagnosed patient, a patient with diabetes for 20 years and on oral anti-diabetic medications, and a patient with diabetes for 40 years and on insulin therapy) posed their questions. The helpfulness and trustworthiness of responses from ChatGPT and physicians were assessed.ResultsIn the retrospective dataset evaluation, physicians rated ChatGPT responses for relevance (5.98/6.00), correctness (5.69/6.00), helpfulness (5.75/6.00), and safety (5.95/6.00), while the ratings by laypersons for readability, helpfulness, and trustworthiness were 5.21/6.00, 5.02/6.00, and 4.99/6.00, respectively. In the real-world dataset evaluation, ChatGPT responses received lower ratings compared to physicians’ responses (helpfulness: 4.18vs.4.91, P <0.001; trustworthiness: 4.80vs.5.20, P = 0.042). However, when carefully crafted prompts were utilized, the ratings of ChatGPT responses were comparable to those of physicians.ConclusionsThe results show that the application of ChatGPT in addressing typical diabetes education questions is feasible, and carefully crafted prompts are crucial for satisfactory ChatGPT performance in real-world personalized diabetes education.What’s new?This is the first study covering evaluations by doctors, laypersons and patients to explore ChatGPT application in diabetes education. This multi-reviewer evaluation approach provided a multidimensional understanding of ChatGPT’s capabilities and laid the foundation for subsequent clinical evaluations.This study suggested that the application of ChatGPT in addressing typical diabetes education questions is feasible, and carefully crafted prompts are crucial for satisfactory ChatGPT performance in real-world personalized diabetes education.Results of layperson evaluation revealed that human factors could result in disparities of evaluations. Further concern of trust and ethical issues in AI development are necessary.
Does investor's sentiment affect industries' return? – A case of selected Indian industries
Authors: Rohilla Amit , Tripathi Neeta , Bhandari Varun 
Published: September 2023

PurposeIn a first of its kind, this paper tries to explore the long-run relationship between investors' sentiment and selected industries' returns over the period January 2010 to December 2021.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses 23 market and macroeconomic proxies to measure investor sentiment. Principal component analysis has been used to create sentiment sub-indices that represent investor sentiment. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and other sophisticated econometric techniques such as the unit root test, the cumulative sum (CUSUM) stability test, regression, etc. have been used to achieve the objectives of the study.FindingsThe authors find that there is a significant relationship between sentiment sub-indices and industries' returns over the period of study. Market and economic variables, market ratios, advance-decline ratio, high-low index, price-to-book value ratio and liquidity in the economy are some of the significant sub-indices explaining industries' returns.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has relevant implications for retail investors, policy-makers and other decision-makers in the Indian stock market. Results are helpful for the investor in improving their decision-making and identifying those sentiment sub-indices and the variables therein that are relevant in explaining the return of a particular industry.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between sentiment and industries' returns in the Indian stock market and by identifying relevant sentiment sub-indices. Also, the study supports the investors' irrationality, which arises due to a plethora of behavioral biases as enshrined in classical finance.
Evolving shared value, sustainability and the leadership challenge: Grootbos Private Nature Reserve
Authors: White Lyal , Fuhrmann Pamela , Crichton Ruth 
Published: September 2023

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this study are to assess the shared value model and elaborate on new multi-stakeholder approaches to business, where the stakeholders include the founders, investors, partners, employees, clients and the surrounding community; to consider the synergies between community development, environmental stewardship, sustainable business practices and the long-term health of organisations and communities, considering these as the new fundamentals of business; to examine the interconnectedness of vision, strategy, purpose and leadership in creating and evolving the shared value model; to explore the relationship between shared value practices and collective well-being, and a specific reference to nurturing transformative experiences through nature, personal development and community upliftment is made; and to assess Grootbos’ ability to translate their purpose and value proposition into a strategy and sustainable vision with a possibility of Grootbos achieving global impact through its evolving model, beyond the founder.

Case overview/synopsis
This case study explores the evolution of Grootbos Private Nature Reserve and Foundation, a luxury hospitality lodge and award-winning ecotourism destination, from humble beginnings in the Western Cape of South Africa to a global example of conservation, community, commerce sustainability and transformative experiences. The establishing of Grootbos and its growth and widespread recognition can be attributed to the vision and inspirational leadership of its founder, Michael Lutzeyer. Although much success has been achieved in conservation, community upliftment and individual development of community members within their region, Lutzeyer’s and ultimately, Grootbos’ vision extended well beyond South Africa and aspired to elevate their floral kingdom and model of development and conservation to a global platform of awareness. Although a shared value vision and strategy had transformed the business, placing Grootbos as a leader in transforming their industry and sparking an evolution in the shared value model itself through the interjection of transformative experiences, the larger question remained: How can Grootbos extend the impact, towards people and planetary well-being, beyond the scope of their individual place-based business and their industry? And in terms of the dilemma Lutzeyer and the management team at Grootbos faced: How will this vision and global ambition continue through succession, beyond Luzeyer’s personal drive at the helm?

Complexity academic level
Experienced leaders within a graduate degree program, executive Master of Business Administration (MBA) or executive education in the areas of leadership development, strategy, shared value and international business.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS4: Environmental management.
Ethical leadership, safety climate, and employee health and safety: lessons from the oil and gas industry in Ghana
Authors: Ansong Abraham , Amadu Sharif Shani , Ahomka Yeboah Moses 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the mediation effect of safety climate (SC) on the relationship between ethical leadership and employee health and safety in the oil and gas downstream sector in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a quantitative approach (survey) to collect data from 215 pump attendants at the fuel stations in the Accra Metropolis. The authors used PLS structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the research hypotheses in this study.

Findings
The results show that leaders’ adherence to ethical practices had a significant and positive effect on both their employees’ health and safety and SC in the workplace. Furthermore, the ability of leaders to use ethical practices to achieve a healthy and safe work environment was also contingent on the presence of a safe work climate.

Practical implications
This study highlights the need for leaders to pay specific attention to adhering to ethical rules and regulations and also promoting a safe climate in the workplace to guarantee the health and safety of employees.

Originality/value
This study presents a novel contribution to the literature by empirically demonstrating the contingency importance of SC in the quest of leaders leveraging ethical practices to promote the health and safety of employees in the workplace, which has not been discussed by previous studies.