bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanische Analyse von tomografisch unauffälligen Keratokonus-Partneraugen mit dem Corvis ST
Authors: Augustin Victor A. , Son Hyeck-Soo , Kovalchuk Bogdana , Yildirim Timur Mert , Köppe Maximilian K. , Auffarth Gerd U. , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Keratokonus ist eine bilaterale, asymmetrische Erkrankung. In seltenen Fällen zeigen Keratokonus-Patienten keinerlei tomografische Auffälligkeiten am Partnerauge. Das
Ziel der Studie war die Analyse der Biomechanik von tomografisch regelrechten Partneraugen bei Patienten mit stark asymmetrischer Ektasie.
Material und Methoden In dieser retrospektiven, konsekutiven Fallserie wurden 916 Augen von 458 Keratokonus-Patienten untersucht, die sich im Zeitraum von 2 Jahren in unserer
Keratokonus-Sprechstunde vorstellten. Insgesamt zeigten hiervon 34 Patienten (7,4%) keine klinischen oder tomografischen Zeichen für einen Keratokonus am Partnerauge. Die
Untersuchungsparameter dieser Patienten waren der bestkorrigierte Fernvisus (BCVA, Best-corrected Visual Acuity), die tomografische Analyse mittels Scheimpflug-Bildgebung (Pentacam AXL,
Oculus, Wetzlar, Deutschland) und die biomechanische Analyse mittels Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Deutschland). Mittels Tomografie wurden die anteriore und die posteriore Hornhautkurvatur,
der K-Max, die dünnste Hornhautdicke (TCT), das Belin/Ambrosio Deviation Display (BAD-D) sowie das ABCD-Grading untersucht. Die Biomechanik wurde mit dem Corvis Biomechanischen Index (CBI)
und dem Tomografischen Biomechanischen Index (TBI) analysiert.
Ergebnisse Der mittlere BCVA war − 0,02 ± 0,13 logMAR. Der mittlere K-Max betrug 43,87 ± 1,21 dpt, die mittlere TCT 532 ± 23 µm, und der mittlere BAD-D 1,02 ± 0,43. Der mittlere CBI
war 0,28 ± 0,26. Regelrechte CBI-Werte zeigten sich in 47%. Der mittlere TBI lag bei 0,34 ± 0,30. Nur 13 Patienten zeigten einen unauffälligen TBI (38%) und bei nur 7 Patienten (21%) waren
sowohl CBI als auch TBI regelrecht. Der CBI zeigte eine Sensitivität von 53% und der TBI eine Sensitivität von 62%, den Keratokonus in einem tomografisch unauffälligen
Keratokonus-Partnerauge zu detektieren.
Schlussfolgerung Selten zeigt sich bei Keratokonus-Patienten ein sehr asymmetrischer Befund, mit klinisch und tomografisch regelrechtem Partnerauge. In diesem Fall lohnt sich eine
biomechanische Analyse, um den Keratokonus auf diesem Wege zu erkennen und zu kontrollieren. Der TBI war hierbei am sensitivsten, um erste Auffälligkeiten nachzuweisen.
Monographic Issue on Pulmonary Hypertension: Medical and Interventional Treatment for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Delcroix Marion , Belge Catharina , Maleux Geert , Godinas Laurent 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare complication of acute pulmonary embolism. The reasons why clots do not resorb are incompletely understood, but the result is partial or complete fibrothrombotic obstruction of pulmonary arteries. A secondary microvasculopathy aggravates the pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a consequence of high flow and shear stress in the nonoccluded arteries. The treatment of CTEPH has long been purely surgical, but many patients were inoperable because of inaccessible lesions or severe comorbidities. Alternatives were developed, including medical therapy and more recently balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). Depending on the generation of the obstructed vessels, the treatment will be surgical, up to the (sub)segmental level, or by BPA for more distal vessels. PH drugs are used to treat the microvasculopathy. The current paper describes the therapeutic management of inoperable patients: the medical approach with PH drugs used in mono- or combination therapy; the proper use of anticoagulants in CTEPH; the technique, indications, and results at short- and long-term of BPA; the multimodal approach for inoperable patients combining PH drugs and BPA; and the effects of rehabilitation. It shows the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the disease.
Homeopathy and Haematidrosis—A Case of Calcarea phosphorica
Authors: Madsen Ruy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHaematidrosis is a rare disorder characterised by extravasation of blood from intact skin. Most reported cases are in the paediatric age group. We present here a case of haematidrosis in a 9-year-old boy treated with individualised homeopathic remedy selected according to the approaches of the contemporary authors of classical homeopathy. The result was a physical and mental improvement in a 3-year follow-up.
Intra-articular Pressure Changes during Stifle Arthroscopy Using a Cadaver Model
Authors: Salmelin Bettina R.M. , Gilbert Peter J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to measure canine stifle intra-articular pressures (IAP) during arthroscopy using three different fluid pump pressure (FPP) settings.
Study Design Frozen thawed canine cadavers were used. The stifle was distended using a 2.7 mm arthroscope connected to a commercial fluid pump. Intra-articular pressure was measured using a portable pressure gauge connected to an intra-articular 18 G needle. Intra-articular pressure was recorded during stifle extension, 90 degrees flexion and full flexion at three different FPP (30, 50, 80 mm Hg).
Results Testing was performed on 27 stifles. Intra-articular pressure significantly increased at higher FPP (p < 0.01). At FPP 30, 50, and 80 mm Hg, the mean IAP was 51.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.3–62.2), 103.3 (95% CI: 92.8–113.7), and 175.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 164.8–185.6), respectively. At FPP 30 and 50 mm Hg, IAP always remained under 170 mm Hg. At 80 mm Hg, IAP raised to or above 170 mm Hg in 11/14 stifles. Stifle position significantly affected IAP (p < 0.01). Changing stifle position from 90 degrees flexion to extension significantly decreased IAP by 22.4 mm Hg (95% CI: 16.2–28.5), and changing to full flexion significantly increased IAP by 20.9 mm Hg (95% CI: 14.8–27.1; p < 0.01).
Conclusion Our results suggest that caution should be used during stifle arthroscopy to limit risk for iatrogenic capsular damage. Fluid pump pressure 30 mm Hg is considered safe when using a 2.7 mm arthroscope and high flow cannula. If higher FPP is necessary for visualization, duration of stifle flexion should be limited. Fluid pump pressure 80 mm Hg should be avoided.
Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Dental Radiographic Modalities on Buccal Mucosal Cells in Children
Authors: Salman Bahareh Nazemi , Rafieyan Sona , Rahimipour Kasra , Bayat Narges 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDental radiography is an important diagnostic tool for the detection and assessment of the extent of dental caries and accurate treatment planning. There is no safe limit for X-ray exposure. The associated risks of X-ray exposure are higher in children due to a higher rate of cell proliferation in them, compared with adults. This study aimed to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of dental radiographic modalities on buccal mucosal cells in children. This interventional study evaluated 80 children between 3 and 12 years who required periapical, panoramic, bitewing, or bitewing plus panoramic radiography for treatment planning. Twenty eligible patients were assigned to each of the aforementioned four groups. Buccal mucosal cells were scraped bilaterally by a plastic spatula after complete rinsing of the oral cavity. The collected specimens were directly mounted on microscopic slides and after air-drying, they were fixed with 80% methanol and Giemsa stain. The cells were then inspected under a light microscope at 400x magnification for cytogenetic changes. Data were tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 20 at a p < 0.001 level of significance. The results showed a significant increase in the frequency of karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and pyknosis in all four groups after dental radiography (p < 0.001). Also, the number of micronuclei significantly increased after panoramic plus bitewing radiography (p < 0.05). X-ray exposure in panoramic, periapical, bitewing, and bitewing plus panoramic radiographies can be cytotoxic, while bitewing plus panoramic radiography can be genotoxic in children as well.
Sustainable rural development in Northwest Iran: proposing a wellness-based tourism pattern using a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Esfandyari Hossein , Choobchian Shahla , Momenpour Yadgar , Azadi Hossein 
Published: August 2023

AbstractToday, wellness tourism has become a thriving industry. In wellness tourism, the tourists travel to relieve the pressures of ordinary life and become refreshed with no medicinal intervention. In wellness tourism, tourists seldom have any specific physical illnesses; rather, they are interested in enjoying the healing properties of certain regions. In this non-experimental research, a structural equation model was used to analyze the data to explore various aspects of well-being and identify the variables that influence wellness tourism. The statistical population included 237,415 tourists who visited the tourist attractions of Sarab County in Iran. The sample size was determined 384 subjects. The results showed that destination location in terms of climate, positive image of the region, excellent food, as well as physical, traditional, and historical appeals of the region, were the factors that had the highest effect on determining the destination of wellness tourism. In general, this study contributed to the development of wellness tourism in the world including Iran. The practical steps were taken based on the strategies, and approaches presented to reduce stress which enhances well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Gravitomagnetism and galaxy rotation curves: a cautionary tale
Authors: Lasenby A N , Hobson M P , Barker W E V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate recent claims that gravitomagnetic effects in linearised general relativity can explain flat and rising rotation curves, such as those observed in galaxies, without the need for dark matter. If one models a galaxy as an axisymmetric, stationary, rotating, non-relativistic and pressureless ‘dust’ of stars in the gravitoelectromagnetic (GEM) formalism, we show that gravitomagnetic effects on the circular velocity v of a star are

O
(

10

−
6

)

smaller than the standard Newtonian (gravitoelectric) effects and thus any modification of galaxy rotation curves must be negligible, as might be expected. Moreover, we find that gravitomagnetic effects are

O
(

10

−
6

)

too small to provide the vertical support necessary to maintain the dynamical equilibrium assumed in such a model. These issues are obscured if one constructs a single equation for v, as considered previously. We nevertheless solve this equation for a galaxy having a Miyamoto–Nagai density profile since this allows for both an exact numerical integration and an accurate analytic approximation. We show that for the values of the mass, M, and semi-major and semi-minor axes, a and b, typical for a dwarf galaxy, the rotation curve depends only very weakly on M, and becomes independent of it for larger M values. Moreover, for aspect ratios

a

/

b
>
2

, the rotation curves are concave over their entire range, which does not match observations in any galaxy. Most importantly, we show that for the poloidal gravitomagnetic flux ψ to provide the necessary vertical support, it must become singular at the origin and have extremely large values near to it. This originates from the unwitting, but forbidden, inclusion of free-space solutions of the Poisson-like equation that determines ψ and also clearly contradicts the linearised treatment implicit in the GEM formalism, hence ruling out the methodology in the form used as a means of explaining flat galaxy rotation curves. We further show that recent deliberate attempts to leverage such free-space solutions against the rotation curve problem yield no deterministic modification outside the thin disk approximation, and that, in any case, the homogeneous contributions to ψ are ruled out by the boundary value problem posed by any physical axisymmetric galaxy.
Three-dimensional AC electroosmotic micropump with high power density
Authors: Watanabe Maho , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Kim Joon-wan , Eom Sang In , Yokota Shinichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a novel three-dimensional alternating current electroosmosis (ACEO) micropump with high power density. ACEO is a phenomenon to generate a flow of a liquid such as water by applying an AC voltage to the liquid. Using a specific configuration, a net flow due to ACEO becomes unidirectional and an ACEO micropump can be constructed. Many ACEO micropumps have been proposed; however, most of them are of the planar type, and their output power per device volume is not sufficiently high for applications such as micro fluid power sources for micro total analysis systems, lab-on-a-chips, biomedical microelectromechanical systems (bio-MEMSs), soft microactuators, and soft microrobots. To achieve a higher output power density, in this study, we proposed an ACEO micropump using an array of plate-cylinder electrodes, which is called PC-ACEO-MP. To induce unidirectional flow efficiently, a square pole-slit electrodes ACEO micropump called SS-ACEO-MP has been proposed using asymmetrical pillar-shaped electrodes. PC-ACEO-MP is an extension of SS-ACEO-MP with a three-dimensional structure. First, the finite element method simulations were performed and the results showed that PC-ACEO-MP has the potential to realize high output power with a 1 cm3 effective pump volume using large numbers of plate-cylinder electrodes connected in parallel and in series. Second, a fabrication method using MEMS fabrication process, including electroplating, was proposed and developed for a micro-holed electrode plate that forms parallel cylinder electrodes. The validity of the proposed process was confirmed by fabricating large models and micro-models of the micro-holed electrode plate. The diameter and number of microholes were 10 μm and 36 100, respectively, for the large models and 3 μm and 65 500, respectively, for the micro models. Finally, PC-ACEO-MPs were constructed and their promising pumping characteristics were clarified through experiments using deionized water. The estimated power density was approximately 400 times higher than that of the former high output power ACEO micropump.
Numerical modeling of the multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment by Frisch and Segrè using co-quantum dynamics via the Schrödinger equation
Authors: He Zhe , Titimbo Kelvin , Garrett David C , Kahraman S Suleyman , Wang Lihong V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We use a theory termed co-quantum dynamics (CQD) to numerically model spin flip in the multi-stage Stern–Gerlach (SG) experiment conducted by R. Frisch and E. Segrè. This experiment consists of two SG apparatuses separated by an inner rotation chamber that varies the fraction of spin flip. To this day, quantum mechanical treatments inadequately predict the Frisch–Segrè experiment. Here, we account for electron-nuclear interactions according to CQD and solve the associated Schrödinger equation. Our simulation utilizes a branching condition to predict the collapse of electron spins, and the outcome agrees with the Frisch–Segrè experimental observation and supports CQD as a potential model for electron spin evolution and collapse.
Detecting ultrathin ice on materials for optical coatings at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Magnozzi Michele , Bisio Francesco , Gemme Gianluca , Granata Massimo , Michel Christophe , Pinard Laurent , Canepa Maurizio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The performance of optical cavities in gravitational wave detectors (GWD) is negatively affected by the growth of ice layers when operating at cryo temperatures. Loss of performance begins when the ice overlayer is only a few-nm thick. Careful planning is then required to minimize, monitor and take into account the presence of ultrathin ice on cryo-cooled optical surfaces. Here we employed spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to study icing on the surfaces of SiO2 and Ti:Ta2O5 thin films, two materials used in the high-reflective mirrors of current GWD. SE measurements were performed at 75 K. The data presented suggest that SE is a most convenient tool to monitor in operando the ice formation on the surfaces of GWD mirrors. Furthermore, ultrathin ice layers can affect the evaluation of the optical properties of materials at low temperatures, a valuable task for those next-generation GWD that will operate at cryogenic temperatures. The characterization of an ultrathin ice overlayer (

<

10 nm) allowed to determine for the first time the low-temperature optical properties of Ti:Ta2O5. The same approach could be applied to determine the low-temperature optical properties of other dielectric films, thus helping to screen new materials for cryo-operated GWD mirrors.
A multi-sensor fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on improved fuzzy support fusion and self-normalized spatio-temporal network
Authors: Yang Jingli , Gao Tianyu , Zhang Huiyuan , Li Yunlu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recently, the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on deep learning has achieved increasingly widespread applications. However, it is often difficult to achieve the expected results by relying on a single sensor due to the limited information obtained by the single sensor and the susceptibility to the influence of the additive noise. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a multi-sensor fusion fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on improved fuzzy support fusion and self-normalized spatio-temporal network to enhance feature learning while achieving multi-sensor data fusion. This method includes a data pre-processing module, a fusion module and a fault recognition module. In the first module, a complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise algorithm is introduced to decompose and reconstruct the multi-source sensor signals, thereby reducing the impact of environmental noise on data quality. In the fusion module, a data fusion algorithm based on improved fuzzy support is designed to achieve the data-level fusion of multi-source sensors. By introducing the self-normalized properties into the convolutional structure with bi-directional gated recurrent unit, a self-normalized spatio-temporal network is designed in the fault recognition module to perform the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high quality data-level fusion and outperforms the state-of-the-art fault diagnosis methods in terms of fault classification.
High-pressure response of vibrational properties of b-As
x
P1–x
: in situ Raman studies
Authors: Vithanage Dinushika , Abu Usman , Khan Musa Md Rajib , Tasnim Kazi Jannatul , Weerahennedige Hiruni , Irziqat Mohammed , Yu Ming , Sumanasekera Gamini , Jasinski Jacek B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The structural evolution of black arsenic-phosphorous (b-As
x
P1–x
) alloys with varying arsenic concentrations was investigated under hydrostatic pressure using in situ Raman spectroscopy. High-pressure experiments were conducted using a diamond anvil cell, which revealed pressure-induced shifts in vibrational modes associated with P–P bonds (A
1

g
, A
2

g
,

B

2
g

), As–As bonds (A
1

g
, A
2

g
,

B

2
g

), and As–P bonds in b-As
x
P1–x
alloys. Two distinct pressure regimes were observed. In the first regime (region I), all vibrational modes exhibited a monotonic upshift, indicating phonon hardening due to hydrostatic pressure. In the second regime (region II), As0.4P0.6 and As0.6P0.4 alloys displayed a linear blueshift (or negligible change in some modes) at a reduced rate, suggesting local structural reorganization with less compression on the bonds. Notably, the alloy with the highest As concentration, As0.8P0.2, exhibited anomalous behavior in the second pressure regime, with a downward shift observed in all As–As and As–P Raman modes (and some P–P modes). Interestingly, the emergence of new peaks corresponding to the Eg
mode and A
1g
mode of the gray-As phase was observed in this pressure range, indicating compressive strain-induced structural changes. The anomalous change in region II confirms the formation of a new local structure, characterized by elongation of the P–P, As–As, and As–P bonds along the zigzag direction within the b-As
x
P1–x
phase, possibly near the grain boundary. Additionally, a gray-As phase undergoes compressive structural changes. This study underscores the significance of pressure in inducing structural transformations and exploring novel phases in two-dimensional materials, including b-As
x
P1–x
alloys.
Recent advances on solar-driven valorization of polyethylene terephthalate plastics into value-added chemicals
Authors: Kang Sailei , Yuan Wenfang , Chen Wenxuan , Du Mengmeng , Zhang Yu , Qiu Bocheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The random disposal and immature recycling of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages lead to a severe threaten to the ecological system owing to slow natural degradation kinetics of PET plastic, and meanwhile cause a waste of carbon resources stored in PET plastics. Many methods have been developed to recycle PET plastics, such as mechanical recycling, which induces a reduced quality relative to the virgin PET. In recent years, the photocatalytic conversion of PET plastic wastes into chemicals has received considerable attention due to their unique advantages, including mild conditions, less energy consumption, and simple operation. In this review, we have summarized the latest achievements in photoreforming of PET plastics into value-added chemicals. Primarily, we described the mechanism for bond cleavage during PET photoreforming, the emerging pretreatment methodologies for PET plastics, and the advantages of photocatalytic PET plastics conversion. Then, we introduced electro-/bio-assisted photocatalysis technologies for PET disposal and commented their strengths and limitations. Finally, we put forward the challenges and potential advances in the domain of photocatalytic PET plastics conversion.
Emissions trading system: bridging the gap between environmental targets and fair competition
Authors: Beccarello Massimo , Di Foggia Giacomo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The effectiveness of the European Emissions Trading System in supporting a level playing field while reducing total emissions is tested. While data show a robust impact on the environment as a steady decrease in carbon emissions is observed, it is reported that its ability to internalize emission costs may improve to better address the import of extra European generated emissions that negatively impact the economy when not properly accounted for. Analyzing data in six European countries between 2016 and 2020, the results suggest competitive advantages for industries with higher extra-European imports of inputs that result in biased production costs that, in turn, alter competitive positioning. The novelty lies in focusing on the threats to fair competition within Europe along with the well-known carbon leakage risk widely investigated by previous literature. Complementary policy tools capable of internalizing emission costs, regardless of their origin, are necessary to improve the healthy functioning of the system. In this regard, carbon taxation may outperform carbon border adjustment, as it is based on consumption patterns. Our results can aid policymakers in designing impact analyses aimed at limiting potential distortions to Europe’s level playing field.