bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Burnett Garrett W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves the induction of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure to treat various psychiatric disorders, including treatment-resistant depression, catatonia, psychosis, and more. General anesthesia is provided for patient comfort and safety. Medications commonly used in anesthesia affect seizure quality and duration; therefore, it is vital that anesthesiologists prepare a tailored anesthetic for each patient undergoing ECT. ECT is often performed in non–operating room locations, and it is necessary to ensure all monitoring and emergency equipment are available. ECT is associated with an initial parasympathetic surge followed by a longer lasting sympathetic surge, which may lead to prolonged hypertension and tachycardia. Depending on each patient’s comorbidities, prophylaxis or intraoperative treatment of parasympathetic and sympathetic symptoms may be required.
Ethics
Authors: Siddiqui Shahla 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Advance directives preserve patient autonomy and preferences. A do not resuscitate (DNR) order is placed in a patient’s chart after discussing at length their wishes regarding futility and comfort care in the event of the need for resuscitation. If the patient is unable to participate in the discussion, a healthcare proxy or surrogate is asked regarding their perceived wishes. Such discussions occur prior to the need for such resuscitation. In the case of a patient requiring surgery, usually, such DNR orders are voided for the length of the perioperative period. This is because administering anesthesia may trigger instability in a critically ill or palliative patient who may require such resuscitation. A living will defines treatment by establishing parameters under which patients want to be treated. A durable power of attorney for healthcare establishes a surrogate for patients if they are unable to make decisions for themselves.
Safety Practices
Authors: Saad Ramsey , Hanna Joseph Salama 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Promoting safety in the operating room is a process that involves adequate review of sentinel events and the development of system improvements to identify vulnerabilities within the system to detect and prevent predictable human failings in the context of poorly designed systems. These can be developed to minimize the occurrence of complications and also to prevent future sentinel events. A key concept with the culture of safety is transparency and reporting with the goal of process and system improvement, as opposed to a culture of blame and fear. This is crucial to encourage reporting of adverse events and near misses.
Shakespeare
Authors: Berman Carol W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In Shakespeare’s world, we have Othello, the tale of a jealous king who believes his innocent queen, Desdemona, has betrayed him sexually. In psychiatry, this type of paranoia is called the Othello complex. Hamlet is a Shakespearean character who illustrates the Oedipus complex at work. Hamlet is indecisive and passive, rather than active in avenging his father’s death because unconsciously he wished for his father’s death. His “to be or not to be” monologue is a brilliant display of his passivity. King Lear is an example of a narcissistic personality who needs his three daughters to prove their love for him. Two do so insincerely, and the third, Cordelia, speaks truthfully and simply. King Lear, stuck in a rigid personality, winds up forfeiting everything, including his kingdom, his life, and his children due to his foolishness and narcissism. Richard III is a portrait of a sociopathic personality who kills everyone on his path to the throne.
Jungian Concepts
Authors: Berman Carol W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Carl Gustav Jung broke away from Freudian concepts and went deeper into the unconscious with his “collective unconscious,” archetypes, and the anima and animus. Jung was fascinated by mythology, and not just Greek mythology. Myth revealed the collective unconscious to the conscious mind; second, dreams for him were analogues of myth. Myth was also a way of thinking, which was the opposite of directed and logical thinking. He also introduced the ideas of extraversion and introversion of character. Two extraverted characters are Strindberg’s Miss Julie or Judge Brack in Hedda Gabler. More introverted characters include Chekhov’s Ivanov and Laura in The Glass Menagerie.
Adlerian Complexes
Authors: Berman Carol W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Alfred Adler was another doctor who had studied with Freud but decided to break away from him. Adler’s innovations of individual psychology emphasized aggression and the inferiority complex. He wrote about the aggression drive, the neurotic disposition, and masculine protest. According to Adler, the neurotic person lacks confidence, is oversensitive, is guilty, and inhibits aggression. His concentration on other factors besides the Freudian libido led to the work of Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan, and Erich Fromm. In Mamet’s Glengarry Glen Ross, characters aggressively struggle for power. New neural networks can be induced according to Adler, although he did not know of or use these modern terms, by watching theater like that of Mamet.
Head and neck tumours
Authors: Ajithkumar Thankamma 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Clinical management of head and neck cancers depends on the site of the primary tumour, the stage of disease and expected function outcome. Radiotherapy has a well-established role in the curative, adjuvant, and palliative management of head and neck cancers. Patients with early-stage disease are cured with single modality treatment whereas those with locally advanced disease are treated with combined modality treatment. This chapter discusses the clinical and imaging features of different sites of head and neck tumours, the role of radiotherapy, the optimal integration of systemic therapies, and practical details on radiotherapy planning. It also summarizes the evidence underpinning current clinical practice.
Breast cancer
Authors: Ajithkumar Thankamma 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in women, affecting one in eight in their life time. It is uncommon in men. Most breast cancers are of ductal in type and approximately twenty percent of screen-detected cancers and ductal carcinoma in situ. Clinical management of breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ, particularly radiotherapy, has evolved significantly in recent years. Radiotherapy has a well-established role in the curative, adjuvant, and palliative management of breast cancer. This chapter discusses the clinical and imaging features of breast cancer, the role of radiotherapy, and practical details on radiotherapy planning. It also summarizes the evidence underpinning current clinical practice.
Urological cancers
Authors: Ajithkumar Thankamma 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The role of radiotherapy for urological cancers depends on the site of the primary tumour and the stage of disease. Radiotherapy has an established role in the curative, adjuvant and palliative treatment of prostate cancer. Radiotherapy is part of the multimodality treatment of locally invasive urinary bladder cancers. Radiotherapy is seldom used in the management of testicular cancer, except in the palliative setting or in patients with early-stage cancer who are not candidates for cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. This chapter discusses the clinical and imaging features of cancers arising from the prostate, urinary bladder, testis, and penis, the role of radiotherapy, and practical details on radiotherapy planning. It also summarizes the evidence underpinning current clinical practice.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Harwood Rowan H. , Huwez Farhad Umer , Guyler Paul , Alam Sajid , Gaynor Catherine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), which behaves differently from stoke even if some of its symptoms are similar. Primary SAH happens when an artery ruptures and blood enters the subarachnoid space, while secondary SAH is the extension from a primary intracerebral haemorrhage or trauma. Blood in the subarachnoid space raises intracranial pressures, irritates the meninges, and triggers vasospasm. The chapter explains the symptoms and diagnosis of SAH. It also covers the initial management of SAH, which is preliminary to the process of imaging and surgery. Patients with ‘good grades’ require angiography, while patients with ‘poor grades’ often die but may subsequently recover enough to allow intervention.
Neuroimaging in stroke
Authors: Harwood Rowan H. , Huwez Farhad Umer , Guyler Paul , Alam Sajid , Gaynor Catherine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the role and techniques of brain imaging. The chapter explains the basic principles of CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gives examples of appearances of different stroke syndromes and mimics. Perfusion scanning and vascular imaging are discussed.
Functional Morphology and Development of the Colleterial Glands in Non- and Egg-Laying Females of the Pest Termite Coptotermes gestroi (Blattaria, Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: da Silva Iago Bueno , Costa-Leonardo Ana Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Colleterial glands of female insects are accessory glands responsible for producing secretions associated with egg-laying. Within Dictyoptera, they synthesize compounds of the ootheca. However, their morphology and role in termites are poorly understood. Here, we compared the morphology, development, and secretory activity of the colleterial glands between non- and egg-laying females of the pest termite Coptotermes gestroi under light and transmission electron microscopy. We also provide the first description of these glands for Rhinotermitidae. The glands are paired, divided into anterior and posterior units, which join in a common duct via basal trunks. They are highly developed within egg-laying females, especially the posterior gland, secreting glycoproteins to lubricate the genital chamber and/or stick the eggs together. Ultrastructure revealed glandular epithelia composed of bicellular units of Class 3, whose secretory activity varied between groups and units. Posterior gland of egg-laying females showed richness of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory vesicles, including electron-dense secretory granules, indicating synthesis and transport of contents, especially proteins. The basal trunks were enfolded by muscles, supporting their role in conducting secretion. Morphophysiological modifications occur in the colleterial glands as females mature and lay eggs, and the mechanisms underlying the secretory cycle of the glands are discussed.
Sulfur isotopic discrimination factors differ among avian tissues and diets: Insights from a case study in Gentoo Penguins
Authors: Rosciano Natalia G , Stahl Angela R , Polito Michael J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of stable isotopes of sulfur (δ34S) to infer avian diets, foraging habitats, and movements is relatively uncommon, resulting in a lack of information on patterns of δ34S incorporation in avian tissue. In a controlled study of Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua), we found that diet-tissue isotopic discrimination factors (Δ34Sdiet-tissue) differed among egg components and feathers synthesized from a common diet, ranging from –0.4 to –1.7‰. We also found that methodical choices such as lipid extraction and prey tissue selection influenced calculated Δ34Sdiet-tissue values. Specifically, Δ34Sdiet-tissue values were lower (i.e., more negative) when calculated using whole fish relative to fish muscle and lipid-extraction biased egg yolk, but not fish tissue, δ34S values. The Δ34Sdiet-tissue values obtained for Gentoo Penguins fed a marine fish diet were generally lower than those reported for freshwater fish consumption by Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), the only other bird species in which Δ34Sdiet-tissue has been quantified. We found support for the hypothesis that tissue Δ34Sdiet-tissue values are inversely related to dietary δ34S values in birds, similar to what has been observed in mammals. Given this relationship, the discrimination factors reported here for Gentoo Penguins may be broadly applicable to other avian species with a similar marine diet. Finally, we provide recommendations for future studies seeking to quantify Δ34Sdiet-tissue in avian tissues and guidance to allow for greater application of sulfur stable isotope analysis in ornithological research.
Targeting the next generation of gamblers? Gambling sponsorship of esports teams
Authors: Biggar Blair , Zendle David , Wardle Heather 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Esports fans are a target audience for gambling companies wanting to attract the next generation of bettors to their products. As with other sports, professional esports teams have commercial sponsorship arrangements. Our paper seeks to document the level of gambling sponsorship of the world’s top esports teams.

Methods
A systematic review of the commercial arrangements between the top 20 esports clubs across three of the most followed esports titles was undertaken: Dota 2, League of Legends (LoL) and CS:GO. Data were scraped online relating to the top 20 teams competing at their respective major tournaments between October and November 2021.

Results
Half of the esports teams in Dota 2 and CS:GO’s world championship events in 2021 were sponsored by gambling companies. Teams sponsored by gambling companies have a combined total of 25 868 912 followers across three major social media channels. No LoL teams were sponsored by gambling companies, yet sibling teams within the CS:GO and Dota 2 competitions were.

Conclusion
The relationship between gambling companies’ sponsorship in esports should be considered in line with the calls for change in the relationship between football and gambling with gambling as a public health issue at its heart.
A new facet of cumulative advantage in higher education finance
Authors: Herberholz Lars 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the accumulation of financial resources in higher education. Its focus lies on the Quality Pact for Teaching (QPT), a large-scale funding programme that aimed to improve the quality of tertiary education in Germany. Starting in 2011, the QPT allocated almost 2 billion euros over a 10-year period. Yet, unlike prior national funding schemes, the QPT was strongly inspired by New Public Management measures and marked the first time that a substantial amount of teaching grants was awarded in a competitive manner. My estimations show that institutions with a successful history of acquiring third-party funds coped best under these novel circumstances, thus revealing a clear pattern of cumulative advantage. Although typically dedicated to research purposes, the level of previous third-party funding emerges as a strong predictor of QPT success. Therefore, it appears that the QPT unintentionally contributed to steeper financial gaps in Germany’s academic landscape.
Rapid-cycle designs to adapt interventions for COVID-19 in safety-net healthcare systems
Authors: Schlechter Chelsey R , Reese Thomas J , Wirth Jennifer , Gibson Bryan , Kawamoto Kensaku , Siaperas Tracey , Pruhs Alan , Dinkins Courtney Pariera , Zhang Yue , Friedrichs Michael , George Stephanie , Lam Cho Y , Pierce Joni H , Borsato Emerson P , Cornia Ryan C , Stevens Leticia , Martinez Anna , Bradshaw Richard L , Kaphingst Kimberly A , Hess Rachel , Del Fiol Guilherme , Wetter David W 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRacial/ethnic minority, low socioeconomic status, and rural populations are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Developing and evaluating interventions to address COVID-19 testing and vaccination among these populations are crucial to improving health inequities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of a rapid-cycle design and adaptation process from an ongoing trial to address COVID-19 among safety-net healthcare system patients. The rapid-cycle design and adaptation process included: (a) assessing context and determining relevant models/frameworks; (b) determining core and modifiable components of interventions; and (c) conducting iterative adaptations using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. PDSA cycles included: Plan. Gather information from potential adopters/implementers (e.g., Community Health Center [CHC] staff/patients) and design initial interventions; Do. Implement interventions in single CHC or patient cohort; Study. Examine process, outcome, and context data (e.g., infection rates); and, Act. If necessary, refine interventions based on process and outcome data, then disseminate interventions to other CHCs and patient cohorts. Seven CHC systems with 26 clinics participated in the trial. Rapid-cycle, PDSA-based adaptations were made to adapt to evolving COVID-19-related needs. Near real-time data used for adaptation included data on infection hot spots, CHC capacity, stakeholder priorities, local/national policies, and testing/vaccine availability. Adaptations included those to study design, intervention content, and intervention cohorts. Decision-making included multiple stakeholders (e.g., State Department of Health, Primary Care Association, CHCs, patients, researchers). Rapid-cycle designs may improve the relevance and timeliness of interventions for CHCs and other settings that provide care to populations experiencing health inequities, and for rapidly evolving healthcare challenges such as COVID-19.
Organizational trust, usability, and inclusivity are key implementation facilitators for a proposed assets-based mobile health intervention
Authors: White Michelle J , Xie Rujia , Lane Hannah , Rodriguez Javier , Gilchrist L’Tanya , Howard Janna , Perrin Eliana M , Skinner Asheley , Silberberg Mina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Assets-based interventions can address child health disparities by connecting families to existing community resources. Community collaboration when designing interventions may identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. The objective of this study was to identify crucial implementation considerations during the design phase of an asset-based intervention to address disparities in childhood obesity, Assets for Health. We conducted focus groups and semi-structured interviews with caregivers of children (&lt;18 years) (N = 17) and representatives of community-based organizations (CBOs) which serve children and families (N = 20). Focus group and interview guides were developed based on constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis and matrices were used to identify common themes within and across groups of community members.
Desired intervention characteristics included an easy-to-use list of community programs that could be filtered based on caregiver preferences and local community health workers to promote trust and engagement among Black and Hispanic/Latino families. Most community members felt an intervention with these characteristics could be advantageous versus existing alternatives. Key outer setting characteristics which were barriers to family engagement included families’ financial insecurity and lack of access to transportation. The CBO implementation climate was supportive but there was concern that the intervention could increase staff workload beyond current capacity.
Assessment of implementation determinants during the intervention design phase revealed important considerations for intervention development. Effective implementation of Assets for Health may depend on app design and usability, fostering organizational trust and minimizing the costs and staff workload of caregivers and CBOs, respectively.
Protective mechanism of TCF7L1 against retinal photoreceptor cell injury following retinitis pigmentosa based on the GEO database
Authors: Yin Yuan , Wu Shuai , Niu Lingzhi , Huang Shiwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent studies have reported the promising value of differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) for identifying disease biomarkers. Based on this method, this study intends to characterize the hub genes and pathways related to retinal photoreceptor cell (PRC) injury in the context of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A total of 53 coexpression modules were identified by WGCNA, among which lightpink4, darkolivegreen, tan4, blue2, skyblue2, and navajowhite2 ranked at the top. By analyzing the RP microarrays retrieved from the GEO database, 338 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the RP samples. Forty‐five candidate genes were selected from these DEGs by intersection with the genes in the coexpression modules. These intersection genes were subjected to GO and KEGG analyses. Furthermore, the genes and pathways involved in PRC damage were identified based on analyses utilizing GeneCards and STRING tools. Transcription factor 7‐like 1 (TCF7L1, also called TCF3) was suggested to participate in the RP‐associated PRC damage through the Wnt signaling pathway. It was validated in a blue light‐irradiated cell model that TCF7L1 overexpression boosted PRC viability and repressed apoptosis. Inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway also contributed to protective effects. Together, the data mentioned above supported the conclusion that either elevation of TCF7L1 or blockade of the Wnt signaling pathway could prevent RP progression by protecting PRCs from damage.
Sharps injuries with Lovenox and generic enoxaparin prefilled safety syringes
Authors: Grimmond Terry , Gruden Maryann , Hurst Bobbi Jo , Crutchfield Lydia F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Investigate the incidence and mechanisms of sharps injuries (SI) to staff using Lovenox and generic enoxaparin prefilled syringes.

Methods:
Four national adverse event databases were examined over a 12-year period for incidence and brands involved with injury events to staff using enoxaparin prefilled syringes.

Results:
The search revealed 581 adverse events (including 20 sharps injuries) associated with device malfunction in 8 of 16 brands, with one brand mentioned significantly more frequently than others. No national alert had been issued.

Conclusions:
Use of certain brands of enoxaparin prefilled syringes poses a small but serious risk of injury to staff. Conducting root cause analyses on all SI is essential, as is the need for regularly evaluating safer devices, reporting all device incidents, enabling simpler reporting of adverse events, and establishing more effective intervention by FDA and manufacturers.