bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sensitivity of Moisture Flux Partitioning in the Cold‐Point Tropopause to External Forcing
Authors: Kroll C. A. , Fueglistaler S. , Schmidt H. , Kornblueh L. , Timmreck C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe dryness of the stratosphere is the result of air entering through the cold tropical tropopause layer (TTL). However, our understanding of the moisture flux partitioning into water vapor and frozen hydrometeors is incomplete. This raises concerns regarding the ability of General Circulation Models to accurately predict changes in stratospheric water vapor following perturbations in the radiative budget due to volcanic aerosol or stratospheric geoengineering. We present the first results using a global storm‐resolving model investigating the sensitivity of moisture fluxes within the TTL to an additional heating source. We address the question how the partitioning of moisture fluxes into water vapor and frozen hydrometeors changes under perturbations. The analysis reveals the resilience of the TTL, keeping the flux partitioning constant even at an average cold‐point warming exceeding 8 K. In the control and perturbed simulations, water vapor contributes around 80% of the moisture entering the stratosphere.
A Neural Network‐Based Scale‐Adaptive Cloud‐Fraction Scheme for GCMs
Authors: Chen Guoxing , Wang Wei‐Chyung , Yang Shixi , Wang Yixin , Zhang Feng , Wu Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCloud fraction (CF) significantly affects the short‐ and long‐wave radiation. Its realistic representation in general circulation models (GCMs) still poses great challenges in modeling the atmosphere. Here, we present a neural network‐based (NN‐based) diagnostic scheme that uses the grid‐mean temperature, pressure, liquid and ice water mixing ratios, and relative humidity to simulate the sub‐grid CF. The scheme, trained using CloudSat data with explicit consideration of grid sizes, realistically simulates the observed CF with a correlation coefficient >0.9 for liquid‐, mixed‐, and ice‐phase clouds. The scheme also captures the observed non‐monotonic relationship between CF and relative humidity and is computationally efficient, and robust for GCMs with a variety of horizontal and vertical resolutions. For illustrative purposes, we conducted comparative analyses of the 2006–2019 climatological‐mean cloud fractions among CloudSat, and simulations from the NN‐based scheme and the Xu‐Randall scheme (optimized the same way as the NN‐based scheme). The NN‐based scheme improves not only the spatial distribution of the total CF but also the cloud vertical structure. For example, the biases of too‐many high‐level clouds over the tropics and too‐many low‐level clouds over regions around 60°S and 60°N in the Xu‐Randall scheme are significantly reduced. These improvements are also found to be insensitive to the spatio‐temporal variability of large‐scale meteorology conditions, implying that the scheme can be used in different climate regimes.
Ethanol inhibits dopamine uptake via organic cation transporter 3: Implications for ethanol and cocaine co-abuse
Authors: Clauss N. J. , Mayer F. P. , Owens W. A. , Vitela M. , Clarke K. M. , Bowman M. A. , Horton R. E. , Gründemann D. , Schmid D. , Holy M. , Gould G. G. , Koek W. , Sitte H. H. , Daws L. C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConcurrent cocaine and alcohol use is among the most frequent drug combination, and among the most dangerous in terms of deleterious outcomes. Cocaine increases extracellular monoamines by blocking dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) transporters (DAT, NET and SERT, respectively). Likewise, ethanol also increases extracellular monoamines, however evidence suggests that ethanol does so independently of DAT, NET and SERT. Organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) is an emergent key player in the regulation of monoamine signaling. Using a battery of in vitro, in vivo electrochemical, and behavioral approaches, as well as wild-type and constitutive OCT3 knockout mice, we show that ethanol’s actions to inhibit monoamine uptake are dependent on OCT3. These findings provide a novel mechanistic basis whereby ethanol enhances the neurochemical and behavioral effects of cocaine and encourage further research into OCT3 as a target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of ethanol and ethanol/cocaine use disorders.
Interactions of calmodulin kinase II with the dopamine transporter facilitate cocaine-induced enhancement of evoked dopamine release
Authors: Keighron Jacqueline D. , Bonaventura Jordi , Li Yang , Yang Jae-Won , DeMarco Emily M. , Hersey Melinda , Cao Jianjing , Sandtner Walter , Michaelides Michael , Sitte Harald H. , Newman Amy Hauck , Tanda Gianluigi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTypical and atypical dopamine uptake inhibitors (DUIs) prefer distinct conformations of the dopamine transporter (DAT) to form ligand-transporter complexes, resulting in markedly different effects on behavior, neurochemistry, and potential for addiction. Here we show that cocaine and cocaine-like typical psychostimulants elicit changes in DA dynamics distinct from those elicited by atypical DUIs, as measured via voltammetry procedures. While both classes of DUIs reduced DA clearance rate, an effect significantly related to their DAT affinity, only typical DUIs elicited a significant stimulation of evoked DA release, an effect unrelated to their DAT affinity, which suggests a mechanism of action other than or in addition to DAT blockade. When given in combination, typical DUIs enhance the stimulatory effects of cocaine on evoked DA release while atypical DUIs blunt them. Pretreatments with an inhibitor of CaMKIIα, a kinase that interacts with DAT and that regulates synapsin phosphorylation and mobilization of reserve pools of DA vesicles, blunted the effects of cocaine on evoked DA release. Our results suggest a role for CaMKIIα in modulating the effects of cocaine on evoked DA release without affecting cocaine inhibition of DA reuptake. This effect is related to a specific DAT conformation stabilized by cocaine. Moreover, atypical DUIs, which prefer a distinct DAT conformation, blunt cocaine’s neurochemical and behavioral effects, indicating a unique mechanism underlying their potential as medications for treating psychostimulant use disorder.
USP8 positively regulates hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis and confers ferroptosis resistance through β-catenin stabilization
Authors: Tang Jianing , Long Guo , Xiao Liang , Zhou Ledu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatic carcinoma, which is a growing public health problem worldwide. One of the main genetic alterations in HCC is the deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, activation of β-catenin is associated with the progression of HCC. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel modulators in controlling β-catenin ubiquitination and stability. USP8 was overexpressed in HCC tissues and correlated with β-catenin protein level. High expression of USP8 indicated poor prognosis of HCC patients. USP8 depletion significantly decreased β-catenin protein level, β-catenin target genes expression and TOP-luciferase activity in HCC cells. Further mechanistic study revealed that the USP domain of USP8 interacted with the ARM domain of β-catenin. USP8 stabilized β-catenin protein via inhibiting K48-specific poly-ubiquitination process on β-catenin protein. In addition, USP8 depletion inhibited the proliferation, invasion and stemness of HCC cells and conferred ferroptosis resistance, which effects could be further rescued by β-catenin overexpression. In addition, the USP8 inhibitor DUB-IN-3 inhibited the aggressive phenotype and promoted ferroptosis of HCC cells through degradation of β-catenin. Thus, our study demonstrated that USP8 activated the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through a post-translational mechanism of β-catenin. High expression of USP8 promoted the progression and inhibited ferroptosis of HCC. Targeting the USP8 may serve as a promising strategy for patients with HCC.
Design of a palette of SNAP-tag mimics of fluorescent proteins and their use as cell reporters
Authors: Zhang Dasheng , Chen Zhengda , Du Zengmin , Bao Bingkun , Su Ni , Chen Xianjun , Ge Yihui , Lin Qiuning , Yang Lipeng , Hua Yujie , Wang Shuo , Hua Xin , Zuo Fangting , Li Ningfeng , Liu Renmei , Jiang Li , Bao Chunyan , Zhao Yuzheng , Loscalzo Joseph , Yang Yi , Zhu Linyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNaturally occurring fluorescent proteins (FPs) are the most widely used tools for tracking cellular proteins and sensing cellular events. Here, we chemically evolved the self-labeling SNAP-tag into a palette of SNAP-tag mimics of fluorescent proteins (SmFPs) that possess bright, rapidly inducible fluorescence ranging from cyan to infrared. SmFPs are integral chemical-genetic entities based on the same fluorogenic principle as FPs, i.e., induction of fluorescence of non-emitting molecular rotors by conformational locking. We demonstrate the usefulness of these SmFPs in real-time tracking of protein expression, degradation, binding interactions, trafficking, and assembly, and show that these optimally designed SmFPs outperform FPs like GFP in many important ways. We further show that the fluorescence of circularly permuted SmFPs is sensitive to the conformational changes of their fusion partners, and that these fusion partners can be used for the development of single SmFP-based genetically encoded calcium sensors for live cell imaging.
Synthesis of biobased functional materials using photoactive cinnamate derivatives
Authors: Takada Kenji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of cinnamic acid provides an approach to the research and development of biobased plastics for the reduction of global warming caused by the increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Cinnamic acids in the metabolic systems of plants and microorganisms have been extensively studied. These cinnamates are reactive to ultraviolet (UV) light, and polymers based on these acids exhibit unique properties. In this focus review, we describe our recent work on the development of materials based on cinnamates. Polyesters are obtained by the polycondensation of hydroxycinnamic acid abundant in plants. The amorphous polycinnamate films exhibit characteristic photodeformability upon UV irradiation owing to E-Z isomerization and [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of cinnamate can also be used to obtain truxillic and truxinic acids with excellent symmetry. Using these truxillic/truxinic acids, organic solvents or water-soluble polyimides and high-strength polyamides with high transparency can be derived, and biobased plastics comparable to existing high-performance plastics can be obtained.
The association between the timing, intensity and magnitude of adolescent growth and body composition in early adulthood
Authors: Nyati Lukhanyo H. , Pettifor John M. , Ong Ken K. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
There’s paucity of longitudinal studies assessing the role of adolescent growth on adult body composition in developing countries. The aims of this study were to assess the association between adolescent change in height, weight and BMI and early adult height, weight, body fat and lean mass.

Methods
Magnitude, timing and intensity of height, weight and BMI growth were modelled for participants from the Birth to Thirty (Bt30) cohort (7–23 years). Early adult height, weight, BMI and DXA-derived body composition were obtained 1881 black participants (21–24 years). Linear regression analyses were used to assess associations.

Results
Adolescents with an earlier onset of puberty were heavier in childhood and had an earlier timing and faster weight gain velocity in late adolescence. The intensity of adolescent weight gain was positively associated with adult BMI and fat mass index (FMI) in females. Early timing of adolescent BMI gain was associated with increased weight and BMI in adult females and FMI in adult males. Achieving peak weight velocity around age at peak height velocity was associated with lower BMI and fat mass in both sexes.

Conclusion
This study confirms the adverse consequences of excessive weight gain prior to puberty, which is associated with an earlier and faster resurgence in weight gain velocity in early adulthood. Factors that contribute to an asynchronous timing of ages of peak weight and peak height velocities may accentuate the risk of adult obesity.
Performance of retinal fluid monitoring in OCT imaging by automated deep learning versus human expert grading in neovascular AMD
Authors: Pawloff Maximilian , Gerendas Bianca S. , Deak Gabor , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Gruber Anastasiia , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the reliability of automated fluid detection in identifying retinal fluid activity in OCT scans of patients treated with anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration by correlating human expert and automated measurements with central retinal subfield thickness (CSFT) and fluid volume values.

Methods
We utilized an automated deep learning approach to quantify macular fluid in SD-OCT volumes (Cirrus, Spectralis, Topcon) from patients of HAWK and HARRIER Studies. Three-dimensional volumes for IRF and SRF were measured at baseline and under therapy in the central millimeter and compared to fluid gradings, CSFT and foveal centerpoint thickness (CPT) values measured by the Vienna Reading Center.

Results
41.906 SD-OCT volume scans were included into the analysis. Concordance between human expert grading and automated algorithm performance reached AUC values of 0.93/0.85 for IRF and 0.87 for SRF in HARRIER/HAWK in the central millimeter. IRF volumes showed a moderate correlation with CSFT at baseline (HAWK: r = 0.54; HARRIER: r = 0.62) and weaker correlation under therapy (HAWK: r = 0.44; HARRIER: r = 0.34). SRF and CSFT correlations were low at baseline (HAWK: r = 0.29; HARRIER: r = 0.22) and under therapy (HAWK: r = 0.38; HARRIER: r = 0.45). The residual standard error (IRF: 75.90 µm; SRF: 95.26 µm) and marginal residual standard deviations (IRF: 46.35 µm; SRF: 44.19 µm) of fluid volume were high compared to the range of CSFT values.

Conclusion
Deep learning-based segmentation of retinal fluid performs reliably on OCT images. CSFT values are weak indicators for fluid activity in nAMD. Automated quantification of fluid types, highlight the potential of deep learning-based approaches to objectively monitor anti-VEGF therapy.
Therapeutic outcomes and analysis of Doppler findings in 25 patients with non-ischemic priapism
Authors: von Stempel Conrad , Shahzad Rohaan , Walkden Miles , Castiglione Fabio , Muneer Asif , Ralph David , Kirkham Alex 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon-ischemic priapism (NiP) is painless partial tumescence caused by genital trauma and the formation of intracorporal arterio-venous fistula. This is a retrospective study of 25 men with NiP and reports the long-term erectile function and colour doppler ultrasound (CDUS) findings after treatment for NiP. Unstimulated CDUS was performed at diagnosis, 1 week and at last follow-up after treatment. CDUS traces were analysed: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI) and mean velocity (MV) were calculated. Erectile function was assessed using the IIEF-EF questionnaire. At the last follow-up (median 24 months), 16 men had normal erectile function (64%): median IIEF-EF score 29 (IQR 28.5–30; σ2 2.78) and nine had erectile dysfunction (36%): median IIEF-EF score 17 (IQR 14–22; σ2 33.6). MV and EDV were statistically higher in those patients with erectile dysfunction at last follow-up compared to patients with normal erectile function: median MV 5.3 cm/s (IQR 2.4–10.5 cm/s; σ2 34) vs 2.95 cm/s (IQR 1.03-3.95; σ2 3.4) p < 0.002 and median EDV 4.0 cm/s (IQR 1.5–8.0; σ2 14.7) vs 0 cm/s (IQR 0–1.75; σ2 2.21) p < 0.004. Erectile dysfunction was observed in 36% of men treated for NiP and was associated with abnormal low resistance resting CDUS waveforms. Further investigation for persistent arteriovenous fistulation should be considered in these patients.
Racial disparity in tumor microenvironment and distant recurrence in residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Kim Gina , Karadal-Ferrena Burcu , Qin Jiyue , Sharma Ved P. , Oktay Isabelle S. , Lin Yu , Ye Xianjun , Asiry Saeed , Pastoriza Jessica M. , Cheng Esther , Ladak Nurfiza , Condeelis John S. , Adler Esther , Ginter Paula S. , D’Alfonso Timothy , Entenberg David , Xue Xiaonan , Sparano Joseph A. , Oktay Maja H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBlack, compared to white, women with residual estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have worse distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). Such racial disparity may be due to difference in density of portals for systemic cancer cell dissemination, called TMEM doorways, and pro-metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we evaluate residual cancer specimens after NAC from 96 Black and 87 white women. TMEM doorways are visualized by triple immunohistochemistry, and cancer stem cells by immunofluorescence for SOX9. The correlation between TMEM doorway score and pro-metastatic TME parameters with DRFS is examined using log-rank and multivariate Cox regression. Black, compared to white, patients are more likely to develop distant recurrence (49% vs 34.5%,p = 0.07), receive mastectomy (69.8% vs 54%,p = 0.04), and have higher grade tumors (p = 0.002). Tumors from Black patients have higher TMEM doorway and macrophages density overall (p = 0.002;p = 0.002, respectively) and in the ER+/HER2- (p = 0.02;p = 0.02, respectively), but not in the triple negative disease. Furthermore, high TMEM doorway score is associated with worse DRFS. TMEM doorway score is an independent prognostic factor in the entire study population (HR, 2.02; 95%CI, 1.18–3.46;p = 0.01), with a strong trend in ER+/HER2- disease (HR, 2.38; 95%CI, 0.96–5.95;p = 0.06). SOX9 expression is not associated with racial disparity in TME or outcome. In conclusion, higher TMEM doorway density in residual breast cancer after NAC is associated with higher distant recurrence risk, and Black patients are associated with higher TMEM doorway density, suggesting that TMEM doorway density may contribute to racial disparities in breast cancer.
Equation of state for He bubbles in W and model of He bubble growth and bursting near W{100} surfaces derived from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Setyawan Wahyu , Dasgupta Dwaipayan , Blondel Sophie , Nandipati Giridhar , Hammond Karl D. , Maroudas Dimitrios , Wirth Brian D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to derive an equation of state (EOS) for helium (He) bubbles in tungsten (W) and to study the growth of He bubbles under a W(100) surface until they burst. We study the growth as a function of the initial nucleation depth of the bubbles. During growth, successive loop-punching events are observed, accompanied by shifts in the depth of the bubble towards the surface. Subsequently, the MD data are used to derive models that describe the conditions that cause the loop punching and bursting events. Simulations have been performed at 500, 933, 1500, 2000, and 2500 K to fit the parameters in the models. To compute the pressure in the bubble at the loop punching and bursting events from the models, we derive an EOS for He bubbles in tungsten with an accompanying volume model to compute the bubble volume for a given number of vacancies ($$N_\text {V}$$

N
V

), He atoms ($$N_\text {He}$$

N
He

), and temperature (T). To derive the bubble EOS, we firstly derive the EOS for a free He gas. The derived free-gas EOS can accurately predict all MD data included in the analysis (which span up to 54 GPa at 2500 K). Subsequently, the bubble EOS is derived based on the free-gas EOS by correcting the gas density to account for the interaction between He and W atoms. The EOS for the bubbles is fitted to data from MD simulations of He bubbles in bulk W that span a wide range of gas density and sizes up to about 3 nm in diameter. The pressure of subsurface bubbles at the loop punching events as calculated using the bubble-EOS and the volume model agrees well with the pressure obtained directly from the MD simulations. In the loop punching model, for bubbles consisting of $$N_\text {V}$$

N
V

vacancies and $$N_\text {He}$$

N
He

helium atoms, the $$N_\text {He}/N_\text {V}$$

N
He

/

N
V

ratio that causes the event, the resulting increase in $$N_\text {V}$$

N
V

, and the associated shift of the bubble depth are formulated as a function of $$N_\text {V}$$

N
V

and T. In the bursting model, a bubble must simultaneously reach a certain depth and $$N_\text {He}/N_\text {V}$$

N
He

/

N
V

ratio in order to burst. The burst depth and $$N_\text {He}/N_\text {V}$$

N
He

/

N
V

are also modeled as a function of $$N_\text {V}$$

N
V

and T. The majority of the loop punching events occur at bubble pressures between 20 and 60 GPa, depending on the bubble size and temperature. The larger the bubble and the higher the temperature, the lower the bubble pressure. Furthermore, our results indicate that at a higher temperature, a bubble can burst from a deeper region.
Detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adults using machine learning
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Tehseen Rabia , Sabir Maidah , Atal Zabihullah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a neurological and developmental disorder that has an impact on the social and cognitive skills of children causing repetitive behaviours, restricted interests, communication problems and difficulty in social interaction. Early diagnosis of ASD can prevent from its severity and prolonged effects. Federated learning (FL) is one of the most recent techniques that can be applied for accurate ASD diagnoses in early stages or prevention of its long-term effects. In this article, FL technique has been uniquely applied for autism detection by training two different ML classifiers including logistic regression and support vector machine locally for classification of ASD factors and detection of ASD in children and adults. Due to FL, results obtained from these classifiers have been transmitted to central server where meta classifier is trained to determine which approach is most accurate in the detection of ASD in children and adults. Four different ASD patient datasets, each containing more than 600 records of effected children and adults have been obtained from different repository for features extraction. The proposed model predicted ASD with 98% accuracy (in children) and 81% accuracy (in adults).