bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholinergic degeneration and early cognitive signs in prodromal Lewy body dementia
Authors: Woo Kyung Ah , Kim Heejung , Kim Ryul , Jin Bora , Shin Jung Hwan , Kim Seoyeon , Kim Yu Kyeong , Nam Hyunwoo , Jeon Beomseok , Lee Jee‐Young 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIsolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a strong prodromal marker of Lewy body diseases (LBDs) – Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Cholinergic loss is linked to cognitive decline in these conditions, but its trajectory remains unclear.METHODSIn a cohort of 92 iRBD participants with baseline MRI, cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) volume was measured, with longitudinal changes analyzed in 49 with follow‐up scans. Cross‐sectional neuropsychological associations were examined across a broader RBD–LBD continuum, including the iRBD cohort plus 65 PD and 15 DLB patients with probable RBD.RESULTScBF volume declined at comparable rates in iRBD‐to‐PD and iRBD‐to‐DLB converters, but atrophy was more severe at DLB phenoconversion. cBF atrophy correlated with attention, executive, and memory deficits. In iRBD, baseline cBF z‐score < −1.0 predicted dementia (hazard ratio = 9.57, p = .009).CONCLUSIONcBF degeneration evolves from the prodromal iRBD stage of LBDs and predicts dementia, highlighting a window for cholinergic‐targeted intervention.Highlights
Basal forebrain links to attention, executive function, and memory in the RBD continuum.
Basal forebrain atrophy progresses at similar rates in prodromal PD and prodromal DLB.
At phenoconversion, basal forebrain atrophy is greater in DLB than in PD converters.
Basal forebrain atrophy strongly predicts future dementia in iRBD.
Executive dysfunction predicts faster basal forebrain degeneration in iRBD.
Green Approach for the Large‐Scale Synthesis of a Metal–Organic Framework Derived From Perylene and Copper: A Fluorometric Sensor for Sm (III)
Authors: Anand Samika , Kumar Abhishek , Sunajadevi Kalathiparambil Rajendra Pai , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar V. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe detection of samarium (Sm) and its isotopes/ions is gaining significant importance across various fields, including nuclear energy, materials science, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine. Accurate and sensitive detection methods are crucial for ensuring safety, quality control, and compliance with regulatory standards. Despite the growing need, existing detection strategies often face challenges such as being time‐consuming, inaccurate, cumbersome, and expensive. Surprisingly, fluorometric sensing has been explored minimally for Sm detection. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for detecting Sm (III) ions using a fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF), Cu‐PTC, synthesized via a one‐pot, green, room temperature method. This represents the first reported use of a fluorescent MOF for Sm (III) detection. The Cu‐PTC MOF was synthesized using the potassium salt of perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid and Cu (II) ions from Cu (OAc)2. Structural analysis revealed the formation of a 3D network with well‐defined pores. Photophysical characterization confirmed the absorption and emission properties of Cu‐PTC. The MOF was successfully employed for the selective detection of Sm (III) ions, with a detection limit of 6.53 μM.
Enhanced Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of the Silicone Rubber Foam With Low Loading of Modified Expandable Graphite
Authors: Lin Tao , Shang Ke , Lin Gui‐De , Yang Jin‐Jun , Wang Jun‐Sheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe flame‐retardant silicone rubber foam (SRF) composites were prepared by adding a low loading of expandable graphite modified with γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (EG@KH560). The EG@KH560 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the effects of EG@KH560 on the micromorphology, flame retardancy, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and combustion behavior of SRF/EG@KH560 composites were investigated. The results show that the compatibility between EG@KH560 and the SRF substrate was significantly improved, thereby reducing the deterioration of tensile and compressive strength in the composites. The composite containing only 2 parts EG@KH560 per hundred parts of the base polymer (2 phr) exhibited excellent flame‐retardant performance, which can pass the FV‐0 rating during the vertical combustion test with a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.2. The thermal stability of the composite was also enhanced, as evidenced by a notable increase in the maximum thermal decomposition temperature and the residues at 900°C. Moreover, the total heat release and total smoke release of SRF containing 2 phr EG@KH560 were reduced by 13.1% and 61.0% compared with pure SRF in the cone calorimetry test, indicating a significant improvement in fire safety for the composite with the addition of EG@KH560.
Bilingualism Effects in Metaphor and Simile Comprehension and Production in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Andreou Maria , Lampri Stella , Marinis Theodoros , Peristeri Eleni 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFigurative language, including metaphors and similes, is a crucial component of communication; yet, it presents significant challenges for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A critical gap in existing research is the impact of bilingualism on the ability of children with ASD to understand and produce non‐literal speech. This study addresses this gap by examining the comprehension and production of metaphors and similes in monolingual and bilingual Greek‐speaking children with high‐functioning ASD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate these abilities in bilingual children with ASD. Thirty‐three monolingual and 18 bilingual children participated in tasks designed to assess comprehension, production, and error patterns for metaphors and similes. The study has also investigated the roles of non‐verbal intelligence, language skills (expressive vocabulary), and executive functions (working memory) in the children's performance in the metaphor and simile tasks. Results showed that the two groups did not differ in metaphor comprehension; however, bilingual autistic children with higher non‐verbal intelligence appeared to have superior performance in metaphor comprehension compared to their bilingual peers with lower non‐verbal intelligence. The bilingual autistic children outperformed their monolingual peers in metaphor production, likely due to their higher non‐verbal intelligence ability, despite the fact that the bilingual group had lower expressive vocabulary scores than the monolingual children. Simile comprehension, on the other hand, favored monolingual children, while no significant group differences were observed in simile production. Regarding errors, both groups exhibited similar error patterns, with literal interpretations being the dominant error type across both groups, suggesting that pragmatic language difficulty is a hallmark feature in ASD. The findings challenge the misconception that bilingualism hinders language development in children with ASD and highlight its potential to provide benefits in the realm of non‐literal language processing.
Efficient Parallel Algorithm for Approximating Betweenness Centrality Values of Top k Nodes in Large Graphs
Authors: Toroslu Ismail H. , Suleymanli Gadir 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTComputing betweenness centrality (BC) in large graphs is crucial for various applications, including telecommunications, social, and biological networks. However, the huge size of the data presents significant challenges. In this paper, we introduce a novel approximate approach for efficiently extracting top k BC nodes by combining the Louvain community detection algorithm with Brandes' algorithm. Our method significantly enhances the runtime efficiency of the traditional Brandes' algorithm while preserving accuracy across both synthetic and real‐world datasets. Additionally, our approach is suitable for parallelization, further improving its efficiency. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our method for large and sparse graphs.
Differences in Tooth Development in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Schwarting Marie , Wehrbein Heinrich , Schmidtmann Irene , Erbe Christina , Wriedt Susanne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate tooth development in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA).Material and MethodsA retrospective case–control study was carried out; 180 panoramic radiographs (OPGs) from non‐syndromic patients (160 UCLP, 20 UCLA) treated at the University Medical Center Mainz (2019–2022) were analyzed. Patients were matched to a control group by calendar age, gender, and ethnicity. Inclusion criteria were verified through clinical data, photographs, and radiographs. No follow‐up was conducted for this study.ResultsThe cleft group showed a significantly lower dental age compared to the control group (10.72 ± 2.65 vs. 11.41 ± 2.79; p = 0.017), with a mean difference of 0.69 years (95% CI: 0.13–1.25 years). Tooth development was slower on the cleft side (p = 0.001), and maxillary teeth lagged behind mandibular teeth (p < 0.001). The difference in the control group was somewhat smaller, with a mean difference of 0.11 degrees of mineralization in the control group compared to 0.25 degrees of mineralization in the cleft group. In UCLP patients, significant mineralization differences were noted for the lateral incisors (p = 0.004), the central incisor (p = 0.047), and canine (p = 0.030).ConclusionsPatients with unilateral clefts show delayed tooth development and dental age, particularly in the affected quadrant. In everyday treatment, attention should be paid to a later start of orthodontic tooth movement to avoid damaging the slower developing roots.
Research on the Four‐Quadrant Operating Mechanism of a Hybrid Excitation Generator With Magnetic Field Modulation and the Power Distribution Ratio Between Permanent Magnet and Magnetic Field Modulation
Authors: Cao Zhenghao , Zhao Chaohui , Gao Hangyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe hybrid excitation generators combine the advantages of permanent magnet generators (PMGs) and electrically excited generators (EEGs), offering significant potential for power generation systems. However, there has been little research on the operational on the operational mechanisms of the excitation current If and the excitation voltage Uf with constant output voltage and the ratio of the magnetic field modulation power PFM to the permanent magnet power PPM. This study uses a tangential concentrated magnetic parallel structure hybrid excitation generator as an example to construct a field‐circuit coupled power generation system model. The working principle, voltage phase diagram, and loss calculations are detailed, and the four‐quadrant operation mechanism of the field modulation magnetic part (FMMP) is examined. The magnitudes of PFM/PPM and power generation efficiency under different load types are analyzed for both no‐load and rated voltage scenarios. Based on the no‐load voltage, simulation results show that the FMMP operates under resistive and inductive loads in the first quadrant. In contrast it operates in the third quadrant under capacitive loads. The PFM/PPM ratio reaches its highest value, with an average of approximately 0.018. Resistive and inductive loads achieve power generation efficiencies of up to 97.75% and 98.09%, respectively, whereas capacitive loads exhibit efficiencies ranging from 64.88% to 56.57%, with a maximum efficiency of 75.56%. Based on the rated voltage, the FMMP operates in the first, second, and third quadrants under resistive loads, in the first, third, and fourth quadrants under inductive loads, and in the third quadrant under capacitive loads. The PFM/PPM ratio reaches its highest value, averaging approximately 0.027. The maximum power generation efficiency is 93.73% for resistive loads, 94.14% for inductive loads, and 72.16% for capacitive loads. This indicates that the generator's voltage stability can be maintained with a relatively small excitation current, but the characteristics of different loads significantly impact generation efficiency and power distribution.
New Chlorophenyl Dioxo‐Imidazolidines for Bacterial Biofilm
Authors: Samy Shanmugha , Alagumuthu Manikandan , Yalamaddi Ooha Dharani , Dangate Milind Shrinivas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBiofilm is a “growing” problem and needs effective remedial agents. Here we report novel methyl 4‐((4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐1‐yl) methyl) benzoate derivatives (5a‐l) as antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents evaluated with both in silico and in vitro techniques. When it comes to Gram‐positive bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737), MRSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MTCC 1936), and Gram‐negative bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424) and Escherichia coli (MTCC 443), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC), and anti‐biofilm activity were measured. Out of all the compounds (5a‐l), 5b and 5d showed no toxicity to mammalian cells and were equally active against various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria at low concentrations (MIC: 0.1–9.5 µg/mL). Compounds 5b and 5d were also validated for the DNA gyrase inhibition potential as an antimicrobial mechanism of action in vitro. These compounds showed high level DNA gyrase inhibition potentials (IC50 0.025 µM, ≥ 98 relative % activity and 0.24 µM, ≥ 94 relative % activity respectively. In the end, we have identified 5b and 5d as most effective among 5a‐l and are considered for further preclinical studies.
Workplace Drug Testing—Prevalence of Positive Test Results, Most Common Substances, and Importance of Medical Review
Authors: Helander Anders , Sparring Fredrik 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRecent data indicate that the use of controlled substances is increasing in working life, which can negatively affect work environment, performance, and safety. Many employers have an alcohol and drug policy that describes routines for preventive measures and early detection of illicit drug use. This often includes drug tests that provide objective information about recent use, and can be done routinely, randomly, and on suspicion. For some substances, however, a positive drug test may also result from prescription as medicine. Controlled substances that are abused and prescribed include amphetamines (ADHD medication), benzodiazepines and opiates. In a 2023 study of 23,900 urine and oral fluid drug test results from Swedish workplaces, 4.6% tested positive for one or more controlled substances. Most samples were collected in connection with random testing (40%) and new employment (36%), whereas the highest proportions of drug‐positive samples were observed in cases related to accidents or incidents, or on suspicion of drug use. The highest percentage of positive random drug tests was recorded in the construction sector. The most common substances were cannabis (> 40% of cases), amphetamine (> 20%), and cocaine and benzodiazepines (> 10% each). However, many samples containing opiates (71% of cases), amphetamine (63%) and benzodiazepines (44%) were verified by a specialist trained Medical Review Officer (MRO) to be due to medical prescription, while those containing cannabis or cocaine were almost entirely due to illicit drug use. Considering the potentially negative consequences of a positive drug test in working life, an MRO should verify the results before they become final.
Experimental and constitutive modeling investigations on marble in Jinping Underground Laboratory
Authors: Wang Susheng , Zhang Qiang , Luo Hao , Lin Zhinan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Jinping Underground Laboratory is the deepest and largest underground laboratory in the world, with a maximum buried depth of approximately 2400 m. The objective is to study the brittle‐ductile transition of marble through a combination of experimental research and constitutive modeling. Triaxial compression and triaxial cyclic loading tests are initially conducted to explore the accumulation of pre‐peak plastic strain and the deterioration of stiffness of the marble. Then, a specific constitutive model is developed to accurately reflect the pre‐peak plastic hardening and post‐peak strain softening behaviors based on the deformation and failure mechanism of the marble. The incremental constitutive relationship of the proposed model is subsequently derived in detail, and the model parameters are calibrated using data obtained from the test results. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is assessed by comparing its results with the experimental results of the marble. The findings show that the proposed model accurately predicts the behavior of the marble, and its results are in good agreement with the test data.
A Useful and Timely Proposal to Amend Diagnostic Criteria for ARFID: Commentary on Zickgraf et al. (2025)
Authors: Attia Evelyn , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDiagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) were introduced in DSM‐5 in 2013. In the ensuing years, substantial research has clarified the clinical characteristics, complications, and possible treatments for individuals with ARFID. On the basis of this emerging knowledge, in the current issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders, Zickgraf et al. usefully propose a revision of the diagnostic criteria. The proposed revisions would bring the structure of the criteria more in line with the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge‐eating disorder. Zickgraf et al. also propose that ARFID could be diagnosed in the presence of another eating disorder, thereby differing from the current nosological hierarchy for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge‐eating disorder. Zickgraf et al. have done our field a significant service with their thoughtful proposal. Research is now needed to evaluate the performance of the suggested criteria.
Branched‐Chain Fatty Acids Based On Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Phenolics
Authors: Ngo Helen , Wagner Karen , Cermak Steven , Fan Xuetong , Kazem‐Rostami Masoud , Sarker Majher I. , Ryu Victor , Elkasabi Yaseen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDemand for bio‐based petrochemicals has increased across all product types. Included are phenolic compounds and their derivatized products. Thermochemical conversion, especially pyrolysis, offers one of the strongest opportunities for producing advanced biofuels and phenols. Previous work showed that various unsaturated fatty acids (soybean, brown grease, safflower [SF]) can react with phenol across the fatty acid double bond(s) via the branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA) synthesis. Although phenolic BCFAs offer a gateway toward bio‐based antimicrobial coatings, the phenolic component has remained dependent on fossil‐derived phenol. We have closed this gap by incorporating refined biophenolics fraction from pyrolysis in the BCFA synthesis. Pyrolysis‐derived phenols are incorporated in the synthesis, thus making the biophenolic BCFA fully biorenewable. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of switchgrass produced bio‐oils with sufficiently high concentrations of phenol and cresols (biophenolics). These one‐ring biophenolics were extracted and redistilled, yielding a fraction of >75 wt% phenols. SF and pennycress (PC) oils were hydrolyzed and subsequently functionalized with biophenolics using a ferrierite zeolite catalyst. Excess biophenolics were removed using molecular distillation. Yields of biophenolic BCFAs ranged from 63% to 76%. Antimicrobial tests show activities against strains of Listeria bacteria.Practical Application: This work significantly increases the utilization of chemicals isolated from biomass fast pyrolysis oils. We also expect that these findings will accelerate incorporation of green methods for antibacterial coatings in clinical applications.
Effect of Daily Social Media Use on Smartphones Before Training on Attack Efficiency and Repeated Vertical Jump Ability in Young Male Volleyball Players: A Randomized and Crossover Trial
Authors: Freitas‐Junior Carlos , Nakamura Fabio , Costa Yago , Batista Gilmário , Fortes Leonardo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis investigation observed the repeated effect of using social media on smartphones immediately before training sessions on attack efficiency (AE) and repeat‐vertical jumping ability (RVJA) in young volleyball athletes. A crossover study involved 14 volleyball athletes (17.57 ± 0.65 years of age). For three weeks, the athletes participated in their training routines under two experimental conditions: using social media (SMA) and watching documentaries (DOC), both for 30 min before the training sessions. Before and after the three weeks, the athletes had their AE and RVJA evaluated. The AE test consisted of performing 6 attacks, with the total score obtained by adding the product of the score and the speed of each attempt. RVJA was assessed using the intermittent vertical jump test of four sets of 15 s (IJT60), with the average heights of the best series of 15 s (Hpeak) and the total time (Hmean) used for analysis. The visual analog scale revealed an increase in subjective mental fatigue for both conditions (p < 0.05), with SMA having higher levels compared to DOC (p = 0.02). There were improvements in AE for DOC compared to SMA (p = 0.03). No differences were found between the experimental conditions for Hpeak and Hmean. The results demonstrated that using social media on smartphones immediately before training sessions caused mental fatigue and impaired AE in young volleyball athletes.
Potential Demand Forecasting for Steel Products in Spot Markets Using a Hybrid SARIMA‐LSSVM Approach
Authors: Huang Junting , Meng Ying , Xiao Min , Liu Chang , Dong Yun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCompared to make‐to‐order production based on customer order, make‐to‐stock based on forecast can effectively reduce inventory level and production cost. However, due to high randomness of spot markets and many uncertainties in production environments, it is hard to forecast the products accurately. In this article, a hybrid model combining seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and least square support vector machines (LSSVMs) is proposed to forecast the potential demand of steel products. First, the SARIMA based on a multiobjective differential evolution with improved mutation strategies is developed to extract linear components of the potential demand. Then, a sparse strategy is designed to extract useful data and hence reduce computation complexity without loss of accuracy. Next, the LSSVMs combined with a single‐objective differential evolution are adopted to extract nonlinear components of the potential demand. Finally, the experimental results on a real‐world instance demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.