bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid-infrared blends and continuum signatures of dust drift and accretion in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Antonellini S. , Kamp I. , Waters L. B. F. M. 
Published: February 2023

Context. The mid-infrared (MIR) emission of molecules such as H2O, HCN, OH, CO2, and C2H2, has been identified in the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectra of many protoplanetary disks. According to the modelling results, the blend strengths are affected by different disk properties such as the gas mass and dust content in the disks. An observational correlation between HCN and water blend fluxes has been noted, specifically related to a changing disk gas mass.
Aims. We aim to find out whether the explanation for the observed flux correlation between HCN and water in the MIR could also be attributed to other properties and processes taking place in disks, such as the evolution of dust grains. We also consider what the consequences of these results would be in relation to the disk evolution.
Methods. We used pre-existing ProDiMo radiation thermal-chemical disk models exploring a range of properties such as the disk gas mass, disk inner radius, dust size power law distribution, and, finally, time-dependent dust evolution. From these models, we computed the MIR fluxes of HCN and H2O blends. Simultaneously, we derived the spectral indices from the simulated spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the Spitzer IRS regime. Finally, we compared these quantities with the observed data.
Results. The MIR blend fluxes correlation between HCN and water can be explained as a consequence of dust evolution, namely, changes in the dust MIR opacity. Other disk properties, such as the disk inner radius and the disk flaring angle, can only partially cover the dynamic range of the HCN and water blend observations. At the same time, the dynamic range of the MIR SED slopes is better reproduced by the disk structure (e.g. inner radius, flaring) than by the dust evolution. Our model series do not reproduce the observed trend between continuum flux at 850 µm and the MIR HCN/H2O blend ratio. However, our models show that this continuum flux is not a unique indicator of disk mass and it should therefore be used jointly with complementary observational data for optimal results.
Conclusions. The presence of an anti-correlation between MIR H2O blend fluxes and the MIR SED is consistent with a scenario where dust evolves in disks, producing lower opacity and stronger features in the Spitzer spectral regime, while the gas eventually becomes depleted at a later stage, leaving behind an inner cavity in the disk.
Vestibuläre Migräne
Authors: Becker-Bense Sandra , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie vestibuläre Migräne (VM) stellt die häufigste Ursache für spontan rezidivierende Schwindelattacken bei Erwachsenen und Kindern dar, wird aber immer noch zu spät und zu selten diagnostiziert. Sie betrifft häufiger Frauen und Personen mit positiver Eigen- oder Familienanamnese für Migräne. Für die Diagnose werden 5 Episoden mit vestibulären Symptomen von mittlerer bis schwerer Intensität mit einer Dauer von 5 Minuten bis 72 Stunden gefordert, die in mindestens 50 % der Fälle von Migränesymptomen wie typische Kopfschmerzen (einseitig, pulsierend, mittlere/starke Intensität, Verstärkung bei körperlicher Routineaktivität), Foto-/Phonophobie und/oder visuelle Aura begleitet sind. Die Symptomatik variiert intra- und interindividuell deutlich und viele VM-Patienten erfüllen diese Diagnosekriterien nicht. Bei Verdacht auf VM sollte daher gezielt nach Migränecharakteristika gefragt werden. Zeichen einer leichten zentralen Okulomotorikstörung in Kombination mit einer – trotz wiederholter Schwindelepisoden – regelrechten audio-vestibulären Funktionsdiagnostik stützen die Diagnose. Gute Therapiestudien liegen nicht vor, sodass die konservativen und medikamentösen Therapieempfehlungen den Grundsätzen zur Behandlung der normalen Migräne ohne Aura folgen; sie sind auch bei der VM erfolgreich.
Okulomotorikstörungen und Nystagmus
Authors: Helmchen Christoph , Heide Wolfgang , Strupp Michael , Straumann Dominik 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Diagnose von Augenbewegungsstörungen und der Nystagmusformen beruht auf einer systematischen klinischen Untersuchung aller Arten von Augenbewegungen. Diese Untersuchung umfasst: Augenposition, Untersuchung auf einen Spontannystagmus, Motilität, Blickfolge, Blickhaltefunktion, Sakkaden, Vergenzreaktion, optokinetischer Nystagmus, Funktion des vestibulookulären Reflexes (VOR) sowie die Fixationssuppression des VOR. Anatomisch relevante Strukturen sind Mesenzephalon, Pons, Medulla oblongata, Zerebellum und Kortex. Topografisch anatomisch gelten die einfachen klinischen Regeln: Vertikale und torsionale Augenbewegungen werden vorwiegend im Mesenzephalon und horizontale Augenbewegungen in dem Pons generiert. Typische Zeichen einer Mittelhirnläsion sind vertikale Sakkaden- oder Blickparese, ein isolierter vertikaler Blickrichtungsnystagmus und einer Ponsläsion entsprechende horizontale Störungen. Das Zerebellum spielt eine Rolle bei praktisch allen Augenbewegungen; typische klinische Zeichen sind eine allseitige Blickfolgesakkadierung, Blickrichtungsnystagmus oder dysmetrische Sakkaden.Unter einem Nystagmus versteht man rhythmische Augenbewegungen, die in der Regel aus einem langsamen (ursächlichen bzw. pathologischen) Augendrift und einer schnellen kompensatorischen Rückstellbewegung (Rückstellsakkade) bestehen. Es lassen sich 3 einfache Kategorien unterscheiden: Spontannystagmus, d. h. ein Nystagmus, der bei Fixation in Geradeaus-Blickposition auftritt, Nystagmusformen, die nur in Abhängigkeit von der Blickrichtung auftreten und Nystagmen, die nur durch bestimmte Manöver ausgelöst werden: Kopfschütteln, Lagerung, Hyperventilation oder physikalischen Druck (z. B. Pressen). Letztere sind oft durch peripher-vestibuläre Läsionen ausgelöst, können aber auch zentralen Ursprungs sein. Viele zentrale Nystagmusformen erlauben eine genaue anatomische Lokalisation, z. B. der Downbeat-Nystagmus (DBN), der meistens auf einer Flocculus-Läsion beruht oder der Upbeat-Nystagmus (UBN) auf einer Läsion im Mesencephalon oder der Medulla oblongata. Beispiele einer Pharmakotherapie sind die Gabe von 4-Aminopyridin beim DBN und UBN, Memantin oder Gabapentin beim Fixationspendelnystagmus oder Baclofen beim periodisch-alternierenden Nystagmus.
Correlation of Polymorphonuclear Cell Burden and Microbial Growth to the Inflammatory Cytokines in Tracheal Aspirates from Ventilated Preterm Infants
Authors: Baig Sophia , Das Pragnya , Podaralla Niharika , Evangelista Alan , Kaur Ishminder , Bhandari Vineet 
Published: February 2023

Objective The significance of the presence of microorganisms and polymorphonuclear cells in the tracheal aspirates (TAs) of ventilated preterm infants is not well known. Our aim was to correlate information about the presence of polymorphonuclear cells with microbial growth and the cytokine milieu in the TAs of infants who have been intubated for >7 days.
Study Design TAs were collected from infants who had been intubated for 7 days or longer. Respiratory cultures were performed, and infants were stratified based on the presence and abundance of polymorphonuclear cells and microbial growth. Cytokines were measured in the TAs of each of the respective groups.
Results In the 19 infants whose TAs were collected, the presence of at least moderate WBC with presence of microbial growth was positively associated with the presence of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The presence of at least moderate WBC, with or without microbial growth, was correlated positively with the presence of IL-8 and TNF-α.
Conclusion There are higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (especially, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in TAs with higher cell counts and presence of microbial growth. The findings suggest that the presence of microbial growth correlated with inflammatory burden and warrant a larger study to see if treatment of microbial growth can ameliorate the inflammatory burden.
Key Points
Osteocutaneous Turn-Up Fillet Flaps: A Spare-Parts Orthoplastic Surgery Option for a Functional Posttraumatic Below-Knee Amputation
Authors: Burton Harry , Iliadis Alexios Dimitrios , Jones Neil , Saini Aaron , Bystrzonowski Nicola , Vris Alexandros , Pafitanis Georgios 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article portrays the authors' experience with a complex lower limb bone and soft tissue defect, following chronic osteomyelitis and pathological fracture, which was managed by the multidisciplinary orthoplastic team. The decision for functional amputation versus limb salvage was deemed necessary, enhanced by the principles of “spare parts” in reconstructive microsurgery. This case describes the successful use of the osteocutaneous distal tibia turn-up fillet flap that allowed “lowering the level of the amputation” from a through knee to a below-knee amputation (BKA) to preserve the knee joint function. We comprehensibly review reports of turn-up flaps which effectively lower the level of amputation, also applying “spare-parts” surgery principles and explore how these concepts refine complex orthoplastic approaches when limb salvage is not possible to enhance function. The osteocutaneous distal tibia turn-up fillet flap is a robust technique for modified BKA reconstructions that provides sufficient bone length to achieve a tough, sensate stump and functional knee joint.
Circulating Asprosin Concentrations in Patients with Obesity and
Carbohydrate Disturbances
Authors: Nedeva Iveta Slavyanova , Assyov Yavor , Karamfilova Vera , Vodenicharov Vlayko , Gerganova Antonina , Hristova Julieta , Kamenov Zdravko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAsprosin is a fasting-induced glucogenic hormone, secreted by white adipose
tissue in response to starvation. The aim of the current study was to determine
the levels of asprosin in subjects from the entire spectrum of the carbohydrate
metabolism. A total of 153 Causcasian subjects participated in this study: group
1, healthy volunteers; group 2, obese subjects without glycemic disturbances;
group 3, subjects with prediabetes and group 4, patients with newly identified
type 2 diabetes. Subject with body mass index≥30 kg/m2
and dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) showed significantly high levels of
asprosin (1.40 ng/ml [IQR=0.98–1.94];
1.27 ng/ml [IQR=0.86–2.12];
1.09 ng/ml [IQR=0.89–1.58]) compared to the
control group (0.71 ng/ml [IQR=0.54–0.92];
p<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that serum asprosin also had
significant positive associations with some anthropometric parameters, liver
enzymes, fasting and post load glucose and insulin, LDL and triglycerides.
Furthermore, we estimated a marked relationship between asprosin concentrations
and intima media thickness of the common carotid artery as well as neuropathy
disability and vibration sensitivity. The circulating asprosin levels for
differentiating subjects with carbohydrate disturbances and those with obesity
were determined by ROC analysis. The AUC for disturbances of the glucose
metabolism was 0.672 (p<0.001; 95%
CI=0.581–0.751) and for obesity AUC was 0.849 (p<0.001;
95% CI=0.785–0.919). Circulating asprosin could be used
as a predictive factor for early carbohydrate disorders and might be a potential
new therapeutic target for the treatment of dysglycemia and obesity. Further
prospective studies are needed to confirm this observation.
Minding the political engagement gap: how discrimination and religion impact Dutch voters with an immigrant background
Authors: Spierings Niels , Vermeulen Floris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines the gap between the political engagement of Dutch citizens with an racialized immigrant background and those without one. Analyzing the effect of perceived cultural and religious inclusion and exclusion, we look into what citizens with an immigrant background make of politics—measured in what we call the evaluation gap—and their actual electoral behavior—measured in what we call the participation gap. Drawing from the 2021 Dutch Parliamentary Election Study and the 2021 Dutch Ethnic Minority Election Study, we include a uniquely broad range of immigrant backgrounds in our analysis. This combination of studies lets us transcend typical migrant/non-migrant dichotomies and include smaller, often understudied immigrant groups. Our analyses reveal that the evaluation gap is most pronounced for the largest, most-frequently studied immigrant groups, while the participation gap is most pronounced among commonly overlooked groups. Embeddedness in religious communities does not correlate with the evaluation gap though it does seem to suppress a deeper participation gap. Perceived discrimination, including in the form of underrepresentation, mobilizes citizens with an immigrant background, which obscures an underlying participation gap while also partly explaining the evaluation gap.
The development of Kondratieff’s theory of long waves: the place of the AI economy humanization in the ‘competencies-innovations-markets’ model
Authors: Tyulin Andrey E. , Chursin Alexander A. , Ragulina Julia V. , Akberdina Victoria V. , Yudin Alexander V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe motivation to conduct this study is related to the uncertainty of the impact of the AI economy on the economic cycle and the need to unlock the potential of Industry 4.0 in stabilizing the global economic system amid a series of crises. The article discusses the fundamental issues of the emergence of a new theory related to the evolution of Kondratieff waves in the context of modern drivers of long-term economic development (MANBRIC technologies), taking into account the acceleration of the development of innovations and competencies. The spiraling dynamics of the co-development of competencies and the expansion of new markets are shown, which makes it possible to transform the decline phase of the Kondratieff wave into a similar linear process of maintaining economic growth rates close to the existing ones. As a result, based on the authors’ model “competencies-innovations-markets”, it is proved that subject to humanization, the AI economy allows the reduction of the cyclical nature of the world economic system. The main idea of the article is to smooth out Kondratieff’s long waves due to the humanization of the AI economy.
Black silicon for near-infrared and ultraviolet photodetection: A review
Authors: Zhao Zhou , Zhang Zengxing , Jing Junmin , Gao Rui , Liao Zhiwei , Zhang Wenjun , Liu Guohua , Wang Yonghua , Wang Kaiying , Xue Chenyang 
Published: February 2023

As a typical representative of micro/nano-textured silicon, black silicon has excellent light absorption properties and is gradually surfacing as a substitute for standard silicon in photoelectric devices. Black silicon overcomes the limitations of traditional silicon-based devices, which are unable to achieve infrared light detection at wavelengths &gt;1100 nm and have low quantum efficiency and sensitivity in ultraviolet light detection. In this article, the recent theoretical and experimental breakthroughs in near-infrared and ultraviolet detection using black silicon are summarized in detail. First, black silicon and the techniques for its fabrication are introduced. Then, the application of enhanced black silicon photodetectors within or above the bandgap limit and black silicon fabricated using different methods in infrared detection is discussed. In principle, infrared detection using black silicon is achieved by jointly utilizing element doping, localized surface plasmon resonance effect, and heterojunction formation. In addition, the application of black silicon in ultraviolet detection is also introduced. Ultraviolet detection is realized by an induced junction and the self-built electric field between black silicon and aluminum oxide. Finally, the increasingly growing potential of black silicon in near-infrared and ultraviolet detection applications, such as infrared night vision imaging, signal detection, ultraviolet light intensity monitoring, and national defense early warning, is further discussed.
Observation of MOSFET-like behavior of a TFT based on amorphous oxide semiconductor channel layer with suitable integration of atomic layered deposited high-k gate dielectrics
Authors: Yarbrough Kelsea A. , Behera Makhes K. , Beckford Jasmine , Pradhan Sangram K. , Bahoura Messaoud 
Published: February 2023

A series of different high κ dielectrics such as HfO2, ZrO2, and Al2O3 thin films were studied as an alternative material for the possible replacement of traditional SiO2. These large areas, as well as conformal dielectrics thin films, were grown by the atomic layer deposition technique on a p-type silicon substrate at two different deposition temperatures (150 and 250 °C). Atomic force microscopic study reveals that the surface of the films is very smooth with a measured rms surface roughness value of less than 0.4 nm in some films. After the deposition of the high κ layer, a top metal electrode was deposited onto it to fabricate metal oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) structures. The I–V curve reveals that the sample growth at high temperatures exhibits a high resistance value and lower leakage current densities. Frequency-dependent (100 kHz to 1 MHz) C–V characteristics of the MOSCAPs were studied steadily. Furthermore, we have prepared a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor device with Al-doped ZnO as a channel material, and the electrical characteristic of the device was studied. The effect of growth temperature on the structure, surface morphology, crystallinity, capacitance, and dielectric properties of the high κ dielectrics was thoroughly analyzed through several measurement techniques, such as XRD, atomic force microscopy, semiconductor parameter analysis, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.
Measures to reduce negative effects of waste using the Amu-Bukhara machine channel
Authors: Shomurodov A A , Qurbonov K , Ergashev X E , Baratov D D , Qurbonov Sh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The work discusses the state of use of the Amu-Bukhara canal. It also considers the number and size of suspended watercourses that affect existing hydraulic structures. The large amount of suspended runoff creates problems such as turbidity of the canal during operation, overflow of front runoff. Solving the problem through modern technologies and innovative proposals is a requirement of today. The application of the proposed collection mechanism can reduce labor costs for waste disposal by 30–35% and operating costs by 45%. In addition, proposals and recommendations were given to improve the existing suspension treatment facilities.
Theoretical aspects of the increase in the efficiency of sowing grain crops in resource-saving technologies
Authors: Ivanov P A , Nesmiyan A Yu , Smykov S V , Dubina K P , Zhigailov A V 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The paper presents theoretical studies of the aspects of increasing efficiency of sowing during the implementation of resource-saving technologies, which allow determining the speed of the seed at any time of its movement along the curvilinear section of the distributor and at the moment it leaves the surface of the distributor. The main factors influencing the distance and trajectory of the flight of seeds, taking into account the arch of the under-shoulder space, were identified. Graphical dependences of the flight distance of the seed on its speed when leaving the distributor surface, on the angle of the seed descent from the distributor and on the installation height of the seed distributor above the soil surface were plotted. The analysis of dependences allowed concluding that in order to obtain the greatest flight distance of seeds in the under-shoulder space, it is necessary to have the maximum installation height of the seed distributor and the speed of the seeds when leaving its surface. The angle of descent of seeds from the curved part of the distributor should tend to zero with the horizontal axis, subject to the condition of the absence of their impacts on the internal elements of a coulter. These graphic dependencies allow determining the numerical values of the specified parameters for blade coulters with different design characteristics.
Issues concerning the use of anti-erosion measures in land management projects
Authors: Avezboyev S , Mukumov A , Xujakeldiev K , Khamidov F , Adizov Sh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Soil erosion is the process of erosion in the most fertile upper layers of soil and the atmospheric precipitation of underground rocks, as well as irrigation water, wind, and other effects. Natural soil erosion occurs relatively slowly, and the soil is restored in the process of natural formation. The article discusses the factors to be taken into account in the development of land management projects for eroded areas: the choice of soil composition and rotation systems and their placement, taking into account the level of erosion risk in the area; the design of irrigation plots; and the use of water-saving technologies and methods.
Climatic conditions of the Urals and Western Siberia post-virgin regions and field crops productivity
Authors: Gulyanov Yu A , Chibilev A A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The purpose of these studies was to determine the current trends in the change in the meteorological conditions of the growing season of field crops in the post-virgin regions of the Urals and Western Siberia and to identify their regional characteristics and influence on the yield of spring wheat. The research object was information on the average daily air temperatures, precipitation, and spring wheat yield. When processing the digital material, the generally accepted methods of statistical analysis were used. It has been established that current trends in an increase in climate aridity are accompanied by a significant change in the growing conditions of field crops, especially in the post-virgin areas of the Orenburg region. The steppe natural and climatic zone of the Omsk region, with all the humidification conditions’ intensity, is characterized by more favorable hydrothermal indicators and their temporary stability. The most significant dependence (r = 0.75 – 0.79) of the yield of spring wheat on hydrothermal conditions was found in the Svetlinsky district of the Orenburg region, which is characterized by the least amount of precipitation (139 mm) of the active growing season. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of developing and implementing adaptive moisture-saving agricultural technologies and techniques focused on the rational use of water resources in a changing climate.
Scientific basis of the effect of groundwater sources on annual plant growth in current natural conditions
Authors: Akhmedov Sh R , Tuxtaeva X T , Amanova Z U , Tursunov I N , Hakimov Sh H , Rajabova M M , Bahriddinov M B , Egamurodov Sh , Mirzayev S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Low groundwater temperatures lead to longer plant growth periods. For example, the growth and development of cotton and grain are delayed by 7-15 days. All this ultimately affects the yield and quality of the agricultural crop and the ripening period of its fruits. In turn, the low-temperature water-air soil environment of the aeration zone does not ensure the timely dissolution of natural and artificial nutrients and fertilizers and does not allow their timely full assimilation by plant root systems. Under such conditions, some of these nutrients sink under the influence of falling currents of cold water and mix with groundwater. On the other hand, a cold aquatic-airy soil environment of 14–18 C° is detrimental to cotton, significantly reduces the rate of growth and development, and exposes it to various diseases. All this ultimately affects the yield and quality of the agricultural crop, and the ripening period of its fruits.