bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of fosravuconazole treatment for onychomycosis refractory to topical antifungal agents
Authors: Inoue Tsuyoshi , Watabe Daisuke , Tsunemi Yuichiro , Amano Hiroo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFosravuconazole L‐lysine ethanolate (F‐RVCZ) is an oral antifungal agent approved in Japan for the treatment of onychomycosis. We treated 36 patients (mean age 77.6 years) with onychomycosis that had been refractory to long‐term topical treatment. The patients took F‐RVCZ (100 mg ravuconazole) once daily for a mean of 11.3 weeks, and were followed up for an average of 48 weeks (mean 48.3 ± 2.1 weeks). The mean rate of improvement of the affected nail area at 48 weeks was 59.4%, and 12 patients achieved complete cure. Patients with total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO) showed a significantly lower improvement rate than those with distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO), and those with an affected nail area of 76%–100% at the first visit showed a significantly lower improvement rate than those with an affected nail area of 0%–75%. Six patients had adverse events necessitating treatment discontinuation, but the symptoms and laboratory data improved without specific treatment in all of them. The data suggest that F‐RVCZ would be effective in various age groups, including the elderly, and even in patients with onychomycosis refractory to long‐term topical antifungal treatment. It was also suggested that its early use in mild cases might achieve a higher rate of complete cure. Furthermore, the average cost of oral F‐RVCZ therapy was lower than that for topical antifungal agents. Therefore, F‐RVCZ is considered to be much more cost‐effective than topical antifungal agents.
The Girl Watcher: Celebrating a Man's Right to Look in the Post‐war USA
Authors: Brookfield Molly 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrom the 1950s to 1970s, the practice of ‘girl‐watching’ swept the USA. First appearing in The Girl Watcher's Guide in 1954, the girl watcher was understood to be a middle‐class, white, heterosexual man whose favourite ‘pastime’ was looking at women in public. While many Americans had denounced white men's ogling or leering as an insult in the early 1900s, mid‐century representations of girl‐watching depicted white men's furtive looking instead as a harmless pursuit. The girl‐watching fad thus marked a shift in the way Americans thought about men's public glances: it granted white, middle‐class men the right to look at women in public and normalised a form of sexualised looking that today is often classified as sexual harassment.
Labels and the Self: Identity Labels as Scaffold
Authors: Money Leigh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper considers how labels may be used: “Neurodiverse,” “genderfluid,” “sex‐positive,” “ADHD,” and “highly‐sensitive” are just some of the labels that may be offered by patients in introducing themselves. Such labels can be thought of as shortcuts, a way to define identity and sum up a feeling state, attitude, or behaviour. While they may sometimes be “given” in the sense of a diagnosis, they are also “found” and self‐adopted. Using scaffolding as a metaphor for allowing growth or development to take place (or compensate for its absence), the phenomenon of self‐labelling is presented as fulfilling different functions, namely: Label as mirrored reflection; Label as creative defence; Label as something with which to play; Label as container for that which cannot yet be known; Label as calling something into being; and Label as collective dream image. The article starts with three brief composite clinical sketches, and goes on to explore some of the ways that labels may be used with reference to the presented clinical material.
Do natural resources and economic components exhibit differential quantile environmental effects?
Authors: Onifade Stephen Taiwo , Haouas Ilham , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn view of the resource curse assumption, the environmental aspects of resource utilization are arguably posing more dangers to human existence. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the region that holds more than 60% and 50% of the world's oil and gas reserves respectively, the need to examine the contribution of natural resources to environmental quality among other factors cannot be overemphasized. By leveraging on the novelty of observing the differential impact of natural resources and other economic components such as income and primary energy utilizations across the quantiles of carbon emission, this study implements the quantile regression approach alongside other relevant techniques to analyze data between 1990 and 2018 for selected countries in the MENA region including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, Qatar, Algeria, Morocco, Oman, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The result posits that natural resource utilization generally hampers the environment across the quantiles. However, this negative effect decreases until the 50th quantile before starting to rise again toward the upper quantiles. Additionally, primary energy utilization and globalization respectively worsen and improve environmental quantile, especially toward the upper quantiles while income affirms the inverted U‐shaped hypothesis across the entire quantiles. Moreover, there is a statistically significant one‐way directional causality from natural resources, economic expansion, primary energy use, and globalization to carbon emission levels. Hence, the study offers environmentally friendly resource utilization policies to the MENA economies and other resource‐rich states by extension.
Fostering green innovation in achieving sustainable performance
Authors: Lestari Endah Rahayu , Sunyoto Nimas Mayang Sabrina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNowadays, sustainable development has been underlined as critical in relation to firm performance and is becoming a global concern. Green innovation is believed to be a fundamental approach to environmental protection and determines the firms' competitiveness. Many factors drive the success of adopting green innovation. Unfortunately, many studies generally focus on large industries. This study investigates the influence of the firms' external pressure and internal factors simultaneously on the adoption of green innovation in small enterprises in developing countries. We conceptualized the four factors that may determine the successful implementation of green innovation to achieve sustainable performance, including environmental regulations, customer pressure, resources and capabilities, and management commitment. Data were gathered from 160 food sector SMEs in Malang Raya, Indonesia. Data analysis used structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach (SEM‐PLS). The empirical results conclude the positive effects of customer pressure, resources and capabilities, and commitment management on green innovation, which in turn had a positive on sustainable performance. The results also confirmed that environmental regulations did not significantly impact green innovation. The findings provide valuable contributions and encourage SMEs to foster green innovation's potential for better sustainable performance and competitive advantage. The findings also offer integrated perspectives on how firms should be more innovative toward sustainability.
Willingness to fight on: Environmental quality in dynamic contests
Authors: Liu Haoming , Lu Jingfeng , Salvo Alberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe show that the prevalence of prolonged tennis contests drops sharply when the ambient environment deteriorates through heat or pollution. We develop a multi‐battle dynamic model to investigate how the disutility from a protracted competition shapes agents' willingness to fight on. Our theory predicts that a poor environment amplifies the momentum of a competitor's head start. We show how model primitives including preferences for environmental amenities can be inferred from battle‐to‐battle transition probabilities. We find that heat and pollution affect incentives to compete strategically. In a contest between equally able rivals at the median prize of $15,100, the value of a head start is $130‐370 higher in a degraded environment compared with a climate‐controlled one.
Anxiety disorders are associated with reduced bone mineral density in men: Findings from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Roebuck Gregory , Mazzolini Michael , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Pasco Julie A. , Stuart Amanda L. , Forbes Malcolm , Berk Michael , Williams Lana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveCertain psychiatric disorders, including depression, appear to impact adversely on bone health. Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent but few studies have examined their effects on bone tissue. This study investigated the effect of anxiety disorders on bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsThis prospective cohort study used data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Participants were women and men aged ≥20 years randomly selected from the electoral roll and followed up for a mean of 14.7 and 11.0 years, respectively. Participants were assessed for a lifetime history of an anxiety disorder using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV‐TR. BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsEight hundred and ninety women and 785 men participated in the study. Adjusting for sociodemographic, biometric and lifestyle factors, medical comorbidities and medication use, anxiety disorders were associated with reduced BMD at the lumbar spine (partial η2 = 0.006; p = 0.018) and femoral neck (partial η2 = 0.006; p = 0.003) in men. These associations became non‐significant when men with a history of comorbid mood disorders were excluded from the analysis. There was no significant association between anxiety disorders and BMD in women (p ≥ 0.168).ConclusionsAnxiety disorders are associated with reduced BMD in men. This effect may be mediated by comorbid depression.
Identifying genetic loci and phenomic associations of substance use traits: A multi‐trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) study
Authors: Xu Heng , Toikumo Sylvanus , Crist Richard C. , Glogowska Klaudia , Jinwala Zeal , Deak Joseph D. , Justice Amy C. , Gelernter Joel , Johnson Emma C. , Kranzler Henry R. , Kember Rachel L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of opioid use disorder (OUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have lagged behind those of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and smoking, where many more loci have been identified. We sought to identify novel loci for substance use traits (SUTs) in both African‐ (AFR) and European‐ (EUR) ancestry individuals to enhance our understanding of the traits’ genetic architecture.DesignWe used multi‐trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) to analyze four SUTs in EUR subjects (OUD, CUD, AUD and smoking initiation [SMKinitiation]), and three SUTs in AFR subjects (OUD, AUD and smoking trajectory [SMKtrajectory]). We conducted gene‐set and protein–protein interaction analyses and calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS) in two independent samples.SettingThis study was conducted in the United States.ParticipantsA total of 5692 EUR and 4918 AFR individuals in the Yale‐Penn sample and 29 054 EUR and 10 265 AFR individuals in the Penn Medicine BioBank sample.FindingsMTAG identified genome‐wide significant (GWS) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for all four traits in EUR: 41 SNPs in 36 loci for OUD; 74 SNPs in 60 loci for CUD; 63 SNPs in 52 loci for AUD; and 183 SNPs in 144 loci for SMKinitiation. MTAG also identified GWS SNPs in AFR: 2 SNPs in 2 loci for OUD; 3 SNPs in 3 loci for AUD; and 1 SNP in 1 locus for SMKtrajectory. In the Yale‐Penn sample, the MTAG‐derived PRS consistently yielded more significant associations with both the corresponding substance use disorder diagnosis and multiple related phenotypes than the GWAS‐derived PRS.ConclusionsMulti‐trait analysis of genome‐wide association studies boosted the number of loci found for substance use traits, identifying genes not previously linked to any substance, and increased the power of polygenic risk scores. Multi‐trait analysis of genome‐wide association studies can be used to identify novel associations for substance use, especially those for which the samples are smaller than those for historically legal substances.
Drinking motives, personality traits and life stressors—identifying pathways to harmful alcohol use in adolescence using a panel network approach
Authors: Freichel René , Pfirrmann Janine , Cousijn Janna , de Jong Peter , Franken Ingmar , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L. W. , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Heinz Andreas , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Martinot Marie‐Laure Paillère , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Vaidya Nilakshi , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Walter Henrik , Veer Ilya M. , Wiers Reinout W. ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsModels of alcohol use risk suggest that drinking motives represent the most proximal risk factors on which more distal factors converge. However, little is known about how distinct risk factors influence each other and alcohol use on different temporal scales (within a given moment versus over time). We aimed to estimate the dynamic associations of distal (personality and life stressors) and proximal (drinking motives) risk factors, and their relationship to alcohol use in adolescence and early adulthood using a novel graphical vector autoregressive (GVAR) panel network approach.Design, setting and casesWe estimated panel networks on data from the IMAGEN study, a longitudinal European cohort study following adolescents across three waves (aged 16, 19 and 22 years). Our sample consisted of 1829 adolescents (51% females) who reported alcohol use on at least one assessment wave.MeasurementsRisk factors included personality traits (NEO‐FFI: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness; SURPS: impulsivity and sensation‐seeking), stressful life events (LEQ: sum scores of stressful life events), and drinking motives [drinking motives questionnaire (DMQ): social, enhancement, conformity, coping anxiety and coping depression]. We assessed alcohol use [alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): quantity and frequency] and alcohol‐related problems (AUDIT: related problems).FindingsWithin a given moment, social [partial correlation (pcor) = 0.17] and enhancement motives (pcor = 0.15) co‐occurred most strongly with drinking quantity and frequency, while coping depression motives (pcor = 0.13), openness (pcor = 0.05) and impulsivity (pcor = 0.09) were related to alcohol‐related problems. The temporal network showed no predictive associations between distal risk factors and drinking motives. Social motives (beta = 0.21), previous alcohol use (beta = 0.11) and openness (beta = 0.10) predicted alcohol‐related problems over time (all P < 0.01).ConclusionsHeavy and frequent alcohol use, along with social drinking motives, appear to be key targets for preventing the development of alcohol‐related problems throughout late adolescence. We found no evidence for personality traits and life stressors predisposing towards distinct drinking motives over time.
Hyperoside alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis via regulating miR‐19a‐5p/IL‐17A axis
Authors: An Hongqiang , Chu Chu , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yunhong , Wei Ran , Wang Bin , Xu Ke , Li Lihua , Liu Yonglin , Li Gang , Li Xia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProblemPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a common osteoporosis. Hyperoside (Hyp), a natural flavonoid compound, has anti‐osteoporotic effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Inflammatory cytokine IL‐17A is upregulated in PMO and plays vital roles in bone loss, but the upstream regulatory factors and mechanisms are still unknown.Method of studyTwenty PMO patients and 20 healthy control subjects were included to analyze IL‐17A expression changes and screen dys‐regulated miRNAs in the peripheral blood of PMO patients. miR‐19a‐5p mimics and inhibitor were transfected into RAW264.7 osteoclasts, and injected into bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) mice to explore the regulatory effect of miR‐19a‐5p on IL‐17A. OVX mice were randomly grouped and treated with different doses of Hyp to uncover the effective targets for the medicine in PMO disease.ResultsMiR‐19a‐5p was downregulated in PMO patients and the expression level was negatively correlated with that of IL‐17A. miR‐19a‐5p could directly bind to the 3′UTR of IL‐17A and regulate its expression. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that miR‐19a‐5p mimics decreased the expression of IL‐17A, RANK and Cathepsin K, while miR‐19a‐5p inhibitor significantly increased the expression of IL‐17A, RANK, and Cathepsin K. Importantly, the Hyp could improve bone structure of OVX mice by enhancing miR‐19a‐5p‐mediated IL‐17A downregulation.ConclusionOverall, these data demonstrated that miR‐19a‐5p/IL‐17A axis might serve as novel therapeutic candidate for PMO. Hyp could relieve bone resorption by targeting the miR‐19a‐5p/IL‐17A axis in OVX mice and exhibited prospective for the treatment of PMO.
The digital child: A cross‐sectional survey study on the access to electronic devices in paediatrics
Authors: Cerimoniale Giovanni , Dalpiaz Irene , Becherucci Paolo , Malorgio Emanuela , Ceschin Flavia , Rosati Giovanni Vitali , Ragni Giuseppina , Minardo Grazia , Brambilla Paolo , Gambotto Silvia , Bottaro Gaetano , Tucci Pier Luigi , Chiappini Elena ,   Scientific Working Group of Italian Society of Paediatric Primary Care
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the use of electronic devices in children and possible risk factors for smartphone ownership and cyberbullying.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey study was conducted involving 62 Italian general paediatricians who administered a close‐ended questionnaire about the use of electronic devices to 1732 parents/caregivers.ResultsData of 2563 children aged 0–14 years were collected. Investigating the electronic device use by parents/caregivers of children aged 0–1 years, 72.5% of mothers were revealed to have the habit to use a smartphone during breastfeeding and bottle‐feeding. The ownership of a smartphone was found in 29.5% of children aged 2–14 years, 68.1% considering only children aged 10–14. A higher parental degree level was identified as a protective factor for smartphone ownership by children (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.36–0.98; p = 0.04 for father; OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.33–0.78; p = 0.002 for mother). A higher risk of cyberbullying was found when caregivers did not use any restrictions on smartphone use (OR 11.92; 95% CI 3.41–41.68; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe absence of rules for smartphone use represents a risk factor for cyberbullying. In this context, the general paediatrician might play an important role in helping parents/caregivers and their children adopt safer use of electronic devices.
Standardization of pure laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy with en‐bloc lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament for gallbladder cancers
Authors: Umemura Akira , Nitta Hiroyuki , Katagiri Hirokatsu , Sasaki Akira 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundApplication of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for gallbladder cancers (GBC) has been approved by the Japanese national health insurance system since 2022. However, there are few reports describing LLR techniques for GBCs. We herein report pure laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy with en‐bloc lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament for clinical T2 GBC patients.Materials and Surgical TechniqueWe performed this procedure for five clinical T2 GBC patients from September 2019 to September 2022. Under general anesthesia and usual set‐up for LLR, the caudal line of the hepatoduodenal ligament is transected and the lesser omentum is opened. The right and left hepatic arteries are skeletonized and taped while dissected lymph nodes being dissected toward the hilar side. Then, the common bile duct is taped and the portal vein dissecting the lymph nodes toward the gallbladder. After completing skeletonization of the hepatoduodenal ligament, the cystic duct and the cystic artery are clipped and divided. Hepatic parenchymal transection is performed employing Pringle's maneuver and crush‐clamp technique, the same as usual LLR. We perform gallbladder bed resection with surgical margin of 2–3 cm from the gallbladder bed. The mean operating time and blood loss were 151 minutes and 46.4 mL, respectively. There was one case of bile leakage requiring endoscopic stent placement.DiscussionWe successfully established pure laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy with en‐bloc lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament for clinical T2 GBC.
Common mechanisms of physiological and pathological rupture events in biology: novel insights into mammalian ovulation and beyond
Authors: Zaniker Emily J. , Babayev Elnur , Duncan Francesca E. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTOvulation is a cyclical biological rupture event fundamental to fertilisation and endocrine function. During this process, the somatic support cells that surround the germ cell undergo a remodelling process that culminates in breakdown of the follicle wall and release of a mature egg. Ovulation is driven by known proteolytic and inflammatory pathways as well as structural alterations to the follicle vasculature and the fluid‐filled antral cavity. Ovulation is one of several types of systematic remodelling that occur in the human body that can be described as rupture. Although ovulation is a physiological form of rupture, other types of rupture occur in the human body which can be pathological, physiological, or both. In this review, we use intracranial aneurysms and chorioamniotic membrane rupture as examples of rupture events that are pathological or both pathological and physiological, respectively, and compare these to the rupture process central to ovulation. Specifically, we compared existing transcriptomic profiles, immune cell functions, vascular modifications, and biomechanical forces to identify common processes that are conserved between rupture events. In our transcriptomic analysis, we found 12 differentially expressed genes in common among two different ovulation data sets and one intracranial aneurysm data set. We also found three genes that were differentially expressed in common for both ovulation data sets and one chorioamniotic membrane rupture data set. Combining analysis of all three data sets identified two genes (Angptl4 and Pfkfb4) that were upregulated across rupture systems. Some of the identified genes, such as Rgs2, Adam8, and Lox, have been characterised in multiple rupture contexts, including ovulation. Others, such as Glul, Baz1a, and Ddx3x, have not yet been characterised in the context of ovulation and warrant further investigation as potential novel regulators. We also identified overlapping functions of mast cells, macrophages, and T cells in the process of rupture. Each of these rupture systems share local vasoconstriction around the rupture site, smooth muscle contractions away from the site of rupture, and fluid shear forces that initially increase and then decrease to predispose one specific region to rupture. Experimental techniques developed to study these structural and biomechanical changes that underlie rupture, such as patient‐derived microfluidic models and spatiotemporal transcriptomic analyses, have not yet been comprehensively translated to the study of ovulation. Review of the existing knowledge, transcriptomic data, and experimental techniques from studies of rupture in other biological systems yields a better understanding of the physiology of ovulation and identifies avenues for novel studies of ovulation with techniques and targets from the study of vascular biology and parturition.