bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term trends in migrating Brassicogethes aeneus in the UK
Authors: Shortall Chris R , Cook Samantha M , Mauchline Alice L , Bell James R 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) causes significant yield loss in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Predicting population changes remains a scientific challenge, especially since its phenology and abundance varies dramatically over space and time. We used generalized additive models to investigate the long‐term trends in pollen beetle annual, seasonal and monthly counts from Rothamsted 12.2 m suction‐traps. We hypothesised that the beetle's abundance is positively related to the area of oilseed rape at a national and regional level. We used random forest models to investigate the inter‐generational relationship within years.RESULTSAlthough Brassicogethes aeneus annual counts and area of oilseed rape grown in the UK both increased by 162% and 113%, respectively, over the time period studied, they were not significantly related. The size of the immigrating pollen beetle population (up to 1 June) can be explained both by the size of the population in the previous summer and prevailing winter temperatures, indicating a positive feedback mechanism.CONCLUSIONCurrently, pollen beetle numbers continue to increase in the UK, meaning that control issues may persist. However the relationship between counts in spring, during the susceptible phase of the crop, and counts in the previous summer indicates that it may be possible to forecast the counts of the spring migration of Brassicogethes aeneus a few months in advance using suction‐trap samples, which could aid decisions on control options. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
20(S)‐protopanaxatriol inhibited D‐galactose‐induced brain aging in mice via promoting mitochondrial autophagy flow
Authors: Zhang Jun‐jie , Hu Rui‐yi , Chen Ke‐cheng , Liu Yong‐bo , Hou Yun‐yi , Zhang Yu‐zhuo , Feng Zi‐meng , Chen Ri‐xin , Zheng Yi‐nan , Liu Shuang , Li Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious reports have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) derived from Panax ginseng. C. A. Meyer exerted obvious memory‐enhancing and antiaging effects, and the simpler the structure of ginsenosides, the better the biological activity. In this work, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanism of 20(S)‐protopanaxatriol (PPT), the aglycone of panaxatriol‐type ginsenosides, by establishing D‐galactose (D‐gal)‐induced subacute brain aging model in mice. The results showed that PPT treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks could significantly restore the D‐gal (800 mg/kg for 8 weeks)‐induced impaired memory function, choline dysfunction, and redox system imbalance in mice. Meanwhile, PPT also significantly reduced the histopathological changes caused by D‐gal exposure. Moreover, PPT could increase TFEB/LAMP2 protein expression to promote mitochondrial autophagic flow. Importantly, the results from molecular docking showed that PPT had good binding ability with LAMP2 and TFEB, suggesting that TFEB/LAMP2 might play an important role in PPT to alleviate D‐gal‐caused brain aging.
Study of the correlation between electrical activity and the microphysics and dynamsics of a real severe event using the WRF‐ELEC model
Authors: Luque Melina Y. , Bürgesser Rodrigo E. , Ruiz Juan J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtmospheric electrical activity is one of the most damaging meteorological phenomena. Studies suggest that storm electrical discharges are correlated with severe weather events such as hail, strong surface winds, etc. To study these correlations, in addition to real data, numerical simulations can be used. In this work, we investigated the electrical activity of simulated thunderstorms using the WRF‐ELEC model over a case study of the RELAMPAGO field campaign (11 December 2018) associated with the occurrence of generalized deep moist convection in central Argentina including some supercell storms. The WRF‐ELEC model successfully reproduced the convective event. A tracking algorithm was used to individualize different convective cells and to study the relationship between their electric activity and different microphysical and kinematic variables. The model reproduced the expected correlations and time lags between these variables. In particular, the model showed that the best correlation occurred between the graupel and hail mass and the electric activity of the storms; this is expected given the key role of these microphysical species in the charge separation processes. Also, 5 m·s−1 updraft volume and cloud top temperature (CTT) temporal evolutions presented good correlations with the electrical activity. Maximum updraft show a less but still good correlation with the electrical activity. We also investigated the correlation between the electrical activity and the hail and graupel concentration near the surface (as an indicator of hail precipitation) and the near‐surface winds and we found that correlation is strong. In particular, for near‐surface ice, we determined that peaks in electrical activity precede peaks in hail and graupel precipitation and that electrical activity could be used as a proxy of this high‐impact weather event.
An 83‐year‐old patient with RET fusion‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer experiencing severe hepatic disorder due to selpercatinib administration
Authors: Nakashima Kazuhisa , Mitarai Yuki , Tanaka Seiko , Nakao Mika , Okuno Takae , Okimoto Tamio , Tanabe Ryo , Yanagawa Takashi , Tsubata Yukari , Isobe Takeshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn 83‐year‐old woman with RET fusion‐positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma was administered selpercatinib 320 mg/day. Despite the shrinking of the tumour, fever, fatigue, and anorexia developed on day 17. Selpercatinib administration was interrupted. On day 21, elevated blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed. On day 28, AST and ALT levels increased to demonstrate Grade 4 in CTCAE Ver.5. The patient received a glycyrrhizin‐compounding agent and steroid treatment, and AST and ALT levels gradually decreased. On day 63, selpercatinib 160 mg/day was restarted after improvement of the hepatic disorder. Since then, selpercatinib was continued without any severe adverse events. Selpercatinib is a reasonable treatment option for RET fusion‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer even in older patients. However, old age may be a risk factor for adverse events including hepatic disorders. For safe treatment in such patients, careful follow‐up is required.
Doubly structured sparsity for grouped multivariate responses with application to functional outcome score modeling
Authors: Huling Jared D. , Lundine Jennifer P. , Leonard Julie C. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis work is motivated by the need to accurately model a vector of responses related to pediatric functional status using administrative health data from inpatient rehabilitation visits. The components of the responses have known and structured interrelationships. To make use of these relationships in modeling, we develop a two‐pronged regularization approach to borrow information across the responses. The first component of our approach encourages joint selection of the effects of each variable across possibly overlapping groups of related responses and the second component encourages shrinkage of effects towards each other for related responses. As the responses in our motivating study are not normally‐distributed, our approach does not rely on an assumption of multivariate normality of the responses. We show that with an adaptive version of our penalty, our approach results in the same asymptotic distribution of estimates as if we had known in advance which variables have non‐zero effects and which variables have the same effects across some outcomes. We demonstrate the performance of our method in extensive numerical studies and in an application in the prediction of functional status of pediatric patients using administrative health data in a population of children with neurological injury or illness at a large children's hospital.
MOF‐Derived In2O3/CuO p‐n Heterojunction Photoanode Incorporating Graphene Nanoribbons for Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Shi Li , Benetti Daniele , Wei Qin , Rosei Federico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach toward sustainable hydrogen (H2) generation. However, the design and synthesis of efficient semiconductor photocatalysts via a facile method remains a significant challenge, especially p‐n heterojunctions based on composite metal oxides. Herein, a MOF‐on‐MOF (metal‐organic framework) template is employed as the precursor to synthesize In2O3/CuO p‐n heterojunction composite. After incorporation of small amounts of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the optimized PEC devices exhibited a maximum current density of 1.51 mA cm−2 (at 1.6 V vs RHE) under one sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2), which is approximately four times higher than that of the reference device based on only In2O3 photoanodes. The improvement in the performance of these hybrid anodes is attributed to the presence of a p‐n heterojunction that enhances the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and suppresses charge recombination, as well as the presence of GNRs that can increase the conductivity by offering better path for electron transport, thus reducing the charge transfer resistance. The proposed MOF‐derived In2O3/CuO p‐n heterojunction composite is used to demonstrate a high‐performance PEC device for hydrogen generation.
Uniform Zinc Deposition Regulated by a Nitrogen‐Doped MXene Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interlayer
Authors: Gao Jingwan , Zhang Xiaoya , Wang Meiling , Qiu Jingyi , Zhang Hao , Chen Xibang , Wang Yizhan , Wei Yingjin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe dendrite growth and side reactions of zinc metal anode in mildly acidic electrolytes seriously hinder the practical application of aqueous zinc–ion battery. To address these issues, an artificial protective layer of nitrogen‐doped MXene (NMX) is used to protect the zinc anode. The NMX protective layer has high conductivity and uniformly distributed zincophilic sites, which can not only homogenize the local electric field on the electrode interface but also accelerate the kinetics for Zn deposition. As a result, the NMX protective layer induces uniform zinc deposition and reduces the overpotential of the electrode. Encouragingly, this NMX‐protected Zn anode can cycle stably for 1900 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. In asymmetric cells, it achieves high cycle reversibility with an average Coulomb efficiency of 99.79% for 4800 cycles at 5 mA cm−2.
Improving the Electron Transport Performance of TiO2 Film by Regulating TiCl4 Post‐Treatment for High‐Efficiency Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Zhujie , Wang Yao , Li Lingcong , Zhang Ruike , Hong Jin , Huang Rong , Che Lei , Yang Guoying , Rao Huashang , Pan Zhenxiao , Zhong Xinhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTitanium oxide (TiO2) has been widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Typically, TiCl4 post‐treatment is indispensable for modifying the surfaces of TiO2 ETL to improve the electron transport performance. However, it is challenging to produce the preferred anatase phase‐dominated TiO2 by the TiCl4 post‐treatment due to the higher thermodynamic stability of the rutile phase. In this work, a mild continuous pH control strategy for effectively regulating the hydrolysis process of TiCl4 post‐treatment is proposed. As the weak organic base, urea has been demonstrated can maintain a moderate pH decrease during the hydrolysis process of TiCl4 while keeping the hydrolysis process relatively mild due to the ultra‐weak alkalinity. The improved pH environment is beneficial for the formation of anatase TiO2. Consequently, a uniform anatase‐dominated TiO2 surface layer is formed on the mesoporous TiO2, resulting in reduced defect density and superior band energy level. The interfacial charge recombination is effectively suppressed, and the charge extraction efficiency is improved simultaneously in the fabricated solar cells. The efficiency of the fabricated carbon electrode‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) is improved from 16.63% to 18.08%, which is the highest for C‐PSCs based on wide‐bandgap perovskites.
3D Hierarchical‐Architectured Nanoarray Electrode for Boosted and Sustained Urea Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Li Ping , Li Wenqin , Huang Yuqi , Huang Quhua , Tian Shuanghong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExploring active and durable Ni‐based materials with optimized electronic and architectural engineering to promote the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is pivotal for the urea‐related technologies. Herein a 3D self‐supported hierarchical‐architectured nanoarray electrode (CC/MnNi@NC) is proposed in which 1D N‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNTs) with 0D MnNi nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulation are intertwined into 2D nanosheet aligned on the carbon cloth for prominently boosted and sustained UOR electrocatalysis. From combined experimental and theoretical investigations, Mn‐alloying can regulate Ni electronic state with downshift of the d‐band center, facilitating active Ni3+ species generation and prompting the rate‐determining step (*COO intermediate desorption). Meanwhile, the micro/nano‐hierarchical nanoarray configuration with N‐CNTs encapsulating MnNi NPs can not only endow strong operational durability against metal corrosion/agglomeration and enrich the density of active sites, but also accelerate electron transfer, and more intriguingly, promote mass transfer as a result of desirable superhydrophilic and quasi‐superaerophobic characteristics. Therefore, with such elegant integration of 0D, 1D and 2D motifs into 3D micro/nano‐hierarchical architecture, the resulting CC/MnNi@NC can deliver admirable UOR performance, favorably comparable to the best‐performing UOR electrocatalysts reported thus far. This work opens a fresh prospect in developing advanced electrocatalysts via electronic manipulation coupled with architectural engineering for various energy conversion technologies.
Stereopsis‐Inspired 3D Visual Imaging System Based on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite
Authors: Yan Yongxu , Li Zhexin , Li Linlin , Lou Zheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStereopsis is of great important functions for humans to perceive and interact with the world. To realize the function of stereoscopic imaging, optoelectronic sensors shall possess good photoresponsive performance, multidirectional sensing, and 3D building capabilities. However, the current imaging sensors are mainly focused on 2D imaging, limiting their practical application scenarios. In this study, a stereopsis‐inspired flexible 3D visual imaging system (VIS) based on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite is demonstrated. The 3D‐VIS consists of 800 device units, each of which demonstrates excellent photoresponse performance, mechanical characteristics, and environmental stability. In addition to the capability of detecting 2D reflective images, the 3D‐VIS realizes the function of detecting the depth of field and fusing object projections of two directions to invert the 3D image by utilizing voxels to rebuild the spatial structure of the object. In the future, the 3D‐VIS will have broad application prospects in medical imaging, virtual reality, industrial automation, and other fields.
Supramolecular Soft Material Enabled by Metal Coordination and Hydrogen Bonding: Stretchability, Self‐Healing, Impact Resistance, 3D Printing, and Motion Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Cai Changyong , Li Fenfang , Dong Shengyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal coordination can significantly improve the macroscopic performance of many materials by enhancing their dynamic features. In this study, two supramolecular interactions, Fe3+–carboxylic acid coordination, and structural water‐induced hydrogen bonding, into an artificial polymer were introduced. Various attractive features, including flexibility and stretchability, are achieved because of the bulk state and dynamic hydrogen bonds of poly(thioctic acid‐water) (poly[TA‐H]). These unique features are considerably enhanced after the incorporation of Fe3+ cations into poly[TA‐H] because metal coordination increased the mobility of the poly[TA‐H] chains. Thus, the poly(thioctic acid‐water‐metal) (poly[TA‐HM]) copolymer exhibited better flexibility and stretchability. Moreover, notable underwater/low‐temperature self‐healing capacity is obtained via the synergistic effect of the metal and hydrogen bonding. Most of the impact energy is quickly absorbed by poly[TA‐H] or poly[TA‐HM] and effectively and rapidly dissipated via reversible debonding/bonding via the interactions between the metal and hydrogen. Macroscopic plastic deformation or structural failure is not observed during high‐speed (50–70 m s−1) impact experiments or high‐altitude (90 m) falling tests. Furthermore, poly[TA‐HM] displayed good thermal molding properties, which enabled its processing via 3D fused deposition modeling printing. Poly[TA‐HM] also showed considerable effectiveness for monitoring complicated, dynamic, and irregular biological activities owing to its highly pressure‐sensitive nature.
Solid‐state Li–air batteries: Fundamentals, challenges, and strategies
Authors: Rao Yuan , Yang Jiawei , Chu Shiyong , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe landmark Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario requires the revolution of today's energy system for realizing nonenergy‐related global economy. Advanced batteries with high energy density and safety are expected to realize the shift of end‐use sectors toward renewable and clean sources of electricity. Present Li‐ion technologies have dominated the modern energy market but face with looming challenges of limited theoretical specific capacity and high cost. Li–air(O2) battery, characterized by energy‐rich redox chemistry of Li stripping/plating and oxygen conversion, emerges as a promising “beyond Li‐ion” strategy. In view of the superior stability and inherent safety, a solid‐state Li–air battery is regarded as a more practical choice compared to the liquid‐state counterpart. However, there remain many challenges that retard the development of solid‐state Li–air batteries. In this review, we provide an in‐depth understanding of fundamental science from both thermodynamics and kinetics of solid‐state Li–air batteries and give a comprehensive assessment of the main challenges. The discussion of effective strategies along with authoritative demonstrations for achieving high‐performance solid‐state Li–air batteries is presented, including the improvement of cathode kinetics and durability, solid electrolyte design, Li anode optimization and protection, as well as interfacial engineering.
2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Sn‐Based Perovskite Weak Light Detector for Image Transmission and Reflection Imaging
Authors: Li Ying , Zhou Jingshu , Tian Yongzhi , Wei Zhongming , Shen Guozhen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Sn‐based perovskite has excellent optoelectronic properties and weak halide ion migration characteristics, making it an ideal candidate for weak light detection, which has great potential in light communication, and medical applications. Although Sn‐based perovskite photodetectors are developed, weak light detection is not demonstrated yet. Herein, a high‐performance self‐powered photodetector with the capability to detect ultra‐weak light signals is designed based on vertical PEA2SnI4/Si nanowires heterojunction. Due to the low dark current and high light absorption efficiency, the devices present a remarkable responsivity of 42.4 mA W−1, a high detectivity of 8 × 1011 Jones, and an ultralow noise current of 2.47 × 10−13 A Hz−1/2. Especially, the device exhibits a high on–off current ratio of 18.6 at light signals as low as 4.60 nW cm−2, revealing the capacity to detect ultra‐weak light. The device is applied as a signal receiver and realized image transmission in light communication system. Moreover, high‐resolution reflection imaging and multispectral imaging are obtained using the device as the sensor in the imaging system. These results reveal that 2D PEA2SnI4‐based self‐powered photodetectors with low‐noise current possess enormous potential in future weak light detection.
Antidiabetic Effect of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in High‐Fat Diet/Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zong Aizhen , Guan Qianqian , Ma Wenxin , Liu Lina , Jia Min , Du Fangling , Xu Tongcheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aims to assess the effect of different doses of Chinese yam (CY) on a high‐fat diet (HFD) and a streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model, using resistant starch (RS) as a positive control. Rats in the normal control and diabetes model (DM) groups are fed the standard diet and HFD, respectively. The RS and CY‐intervention groups are fed with a special HFD, in which starch, maltodextrin, and sucrose in the HFD are replaced completely with RS or CY powder in different proportions: 33.33% (1/3), 66.67% (2/3), and 100% respectively. The results show that CY powder can decrease serum levels of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, lower abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat index, increase levels of insulin and hepatic glycogen, and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats. In addition, CY reduces oxidative stress and inflammation and reduces spleen weight and spleen index in diabetic rats. Notably, CY shows higher efficacy than RS in glucose tolerance and serum insulin and nitric oxide levels. This study suggests that CY powder may replace RS as a functional food in diabetic diets.
Conservation of waste melon shell and fly ash utilized as reinforcements for aluminum alloy matrix in terrestrial ecosystem acquired green hybrid composites
Authors: Manivannan S. , Venkatesh R. , Kubendiran M. , Kannan C. Ramesh , Karthikeyan N. , Naveen S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNowadays, the environmental ecosystem is protected and maintains sustainability for waste material management like agriculture product end waste and industrial waste. The main scope of this research is to gather the agriculture end product of melon shell ash waste and industrial fly ash waste utilized as organic reinforcements for making a lightweight with superior strength green hybrid composite for fourth‐generation terrestrial ecosystem applications. The various volume percentage of waste melon shell ash and fly ash are governed by the ratio of 0:0, 1:4, 2:4, 3:4, and 4:4, respectively. The green aluminum alloy (Al6061) hybrid composite is synthesized via a semi‐solid stir technique. The developed green hybrid composites are subjected to physical and mechanical studies followed by ASTM standards. The developed composite contained a 4:4 ratio of melon and fly ash and found a light weight of 2.75 ± 0.11 g/cc with improved tensile strength and hardness percentages of 8.35% and 21.38% compared to cast aluminum alloy. This research may help basic knowledge for future investigations on modern green composite manufacturing via agricultural and industrial wastage.