bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of the MAP regimen using thiamine pyrophosphate‐decorated albumin nanoclusters in osteosarcoma treatment
Authors: Yoo So‐Yeol , Mun Yong‐Hyeon , Kang Nae‐Won , Koo Jang Mo , Lee Dong Hwan , Yoo Ji Hoon , Lee Sang Min , Koh Seokjin , Park Jong Chan , Kim Taejung , Shin Eun Kyung , Lee Han Sol , Sim Jaehoon , Kang Keon Wook , Kim Sang Kyum , Cho Cheong‐Weon , Kim Myeong Gyu , Kim Dae‐Duk , Lee Jae‐Young 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent studies on osteosarcoma regimens have mainly focused on modifying the combination of antineoplastic agents rather than enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of each component. Here, an albumin nanocluster (NC)‐assisted methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin (DOX), and cisplatin (MAP) regimen with improved antitumor efficacy is presented. Human serum albumin (HSA) is decorated with thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to increase the affinity to the bone tumor microenvironment (TME). MTX or DOX (hydrophobic MAP components) is adsorbed to HSA‐TPP via hydrophobic interactions. MTX‐ or DOX‐adsorbed HSA‐TPP NCs exhibit 20.8‐ and 1.64‐fold higher binding affinity to hydroxyapatite, respectively, than corresponding HSA NCs, suggesting improved targeting ability to the bone TME via TPP decoration. A modified MAP regimen consisting of MTX‐ or DOX‐adsorbed HSA‐TPP NCs and free cisplatin displays a higher synergistic anticancer effect in HOS/MNNG human osteosarcoma cells than conventional MAP. TPP‐decorated NCs show 1.53‐fold higher tumor accumulation than unmodified NCs in an orthotopic osteosarcoma mouse model, indicating increased bone tumor distribution. As a result, the modified regimen more significantly suppresses tumor growth in vivo than solution‐based conventional MAP, suggesting that HSA‐TPP NC‐assisted MAP may be a promising strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
Anti‐Barnacle Activities of Isothiocyanates Derived from β‐Citronellol and Their Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Tanikawa Aina , Fujihara Takaya , Nakajima Natsumi , Maeda Yuka , Nogata Yasuyuki , Yoshimura Erina , Okada Yohei , Chiba Kazuhiro , Kitano Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntifouling agents with low toxicity are in high demand for sustaining marine industries and the environment. This study aimed to synthesize 15 isothiocyanates derived from β‐citronellol and evaluate their antifouling activities and toxicities against cypris larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. The synthesized isothiocyanates exhibited effective antifouling activities (EC50=0.10–3.33 μg mL−1) with high therapeutic ratios (LC50/EC50 >30). Four isothiocyanates with an amide or isocyano group showed great potential as effective antifouling agents (EC50=0.10–0.32 μg mL−1, LC50/EC50=104–833). The enantiomers of the isothiocyanates only slightly differed in their antifouling activities. These results may serve as a basis for further research and development of β‐citronellol‐derived isothiocyanates as effective low‐toxic antifouling agents. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the antifouling activities of isothiocyanates derived from accessible natural products.
Spontaneous mid‐trimester uterine rupture associated with fetal death in a young patient during COVID‐19 pandemic: A case report
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Dheyaa , Hashim Ahmed Shamil , Salih Sara , Hashim Hashim Talib 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUterine rupture mostly occurs in the third trimester. However, it may occur at an earlier time with the same catastrophic consequences. The authors present a case report of uterine rupture occurring in the second trimester at 18 weeks gestation.
Fabricating Robust Pt Clusters on Sn‐Doped CeO2 for CO Oxidation: A Deep Insight into Support Engineering and Surface Structural Evolution
Authors: Liu Qinglong , Yang Peng , Tan Wei , Yu Haowei , Ji Jiawei , Wu Cong , Cai Yandi , Xie Shaohua , Liu Fudong , Hong Song , Ma Kaili , Gao Fei , Dong Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe size effect on nanoparticles, which affects the catalysis performance in a significant way, is crucial. The tuning of oxygen vacancies on metal‐oxide support can help reduce the size of the particles in active clusters of Pt, thus improving catalysis performance of the supported catalyst. Herein, Ce−Sn solid solutions (CSO) with abundant oxygen vacancies have been synthesized. Activated by simple CO reduction after loading Pt species, the catalytic CO oxidation performance of Pt/CSO was significantly better than that of Pt/CeO2. The reasons for the elevated activity were further explored regarding ionic Pt single sites being transformed into active Pt clusters after CO reduction. Due to more exposed oxygen vacancies, much smaller Pt clusters were created on CSO (ca. 1.2 nm) than on CeO2 (ca. 1.8 nm). Consequently, more exposed active Pt clusters significantly improved the ability to activate oxygen and directly translated to the higher catalytic oxidation performance of activated Pt/CSO catalysts in vehicle emission control applications.
Modulation of Excitonic Confinement of TiO2 in Molten Salts for Overall CO2 Photoreduction†
Authors: Wang Jing , Sheng Ren , Gu Dong , Peng Yuhao , Xiao Juanxiu , Shen Yijun , Xiao Wei 
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive SummaryExcitonic confinement greatly determines the charge carrier transport of photocatalysts. A molten salt modulation of excitonic confinement is herein demonstrated as formation of ultrafine carbon‐doped anatase TiO2 with grafted graphitic carbon nitride, which is rationalized as an excellent catalyst for overall CO2 photoreduction. Compared with bulk TiO2, the carbon‐doped TiO2 (M‐TiO2) possesses a weaker excitonic confinement to decrease exciton binding energy from 99 to 58 meV, consequently enhancing free‐charge‐carrier generation and transportation. Effective Z‐scheme electron transfer from M‐TiO2 to C3N4 is built, enhancing the CO2 conversion via the synchronous optimization of redox ability, CO2 activation, and *COOH generation. This work highlights the unique chemistry of excitonic dissociation on facilitating separation of electron and hole, and also extends the scope of molten salt‐mediated modulation of photocatalysis materials.
Synthetic Automations: A Revolution From “Stone Age” to Modern Era
Authors: Fang Guichun , Lin Dian‐Zhao , Liao Kuangbiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraditional synthesis made outstanding achievements but still suffers various drawbacks, such as manual operation, poor efficiency, and lack of reproducibility. Thanks to the development of laboratory automation, synthetic chemistry is now chasing a pavement from a labor‐intensive process to intelligent automation. Herein, we highlight some of the most recent representative breakthroughs in automated synthesis and present an outlook for this field. We hope this Topic can arouse chemists’ interest in automated synthesis and drive synthetic automation to a better intelligent and automatic way.
Confined keratocytes mimic in vivo migration and reveal volume‐speed relationship
Authors: Labuz Ellen C. , Footer Matthew J. , Theriot Julie A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFish basal epidermal cells, known as keratocytes, are well‐suited for cell migration studies. In vitro, isolated keratocytes adopt a stereotyped shape with a large fan‐shaped lamellipodium and a nearly spherical cell body. However, in their native in vivo environment, these cells adopt a significantly different shape during their rapid migration toward wounds. Within the epidermis, keratocytes experience two‐dimensional (2D) confinement between the outer epidermal cell layer and the basement membrane; these two deformable surfaces constrain keratocyte cell bodies to be flatter in vivo than in isolation. In vivo keratocytes also exhibit a relative elongation of the front‐to‐back axis and substantially more lamellipodial ruffling, as compared to isolated cells. We have explored the effects of 2D confinement, separated from other in vivo environmental cues, by overlaying isolated cells with an agarose hydrogel with occasional spacers, or with a ceiling made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. Under these conditions, isolated keratocytes more closely resemble the in vivo migratory shape phenotype, displaying a flatter apical‐basal axis and a longer front‐to‐back axis than unconfined keratocytes. We propose that 2D confinement contributes to multiple dimensions of in vivo keratocyte shape determination. Further analysis demonstrates that confinement causes a synchronous 20% decrease in both cell speed and volume. Interestingly, we were able to replicate the 20% decrease in speed using a sorbitol hypertonic shock to shrink the cell volume, which did not affect other aspects of cell shape. Collectively, our results suggest that environmentally imposed changes in cell volume may influence cell migration speed, potentially by perturbing physical properties of the cytoplasm.
Development and validation of a recursive partitioning analysis–based pretreatment decision‐making tool identifying ideal candidates for spine stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Kowalchuk Roman O. , Mullikin Trey C. , Florez Marcus , De Brian S. , Spears Grant M. , Rose Peter S. , Siontis Brittany L. , Kim Dong Kun , Costello Brian A. , Morris Jonathan M. , Marion Joseph T. , Johnson‐Tesch Benjamin A. , Gao Robert W. , Shiraishi Satomi , Lucido John J. , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Olivier Kenneth R. , Owen Dawn , Stish Bradley J. , Waddle Mark R. , Laack Nadia N. , Park Sean S. , Brown Paul D. , Ghia Amol J. , Merrell Kenneth W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study was aimed at developing and validating a decision‐making tool predictive of overall survival (OS) for patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for spinal metastases.MethodsThree hundred sixty‐one patients at one institution were used for the training set, and 182 at a second institution were used for external validation. Treatments most commonly involved one or three fractions of spine SBRT. Exclusion criteria included proton therapy and benign histologies.ResultsThe final model consisted of the following variables and scores: Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) ≥ 6 (1), time from primary diagnosis < 21 months (1), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status = 1 (1) or ECOG performance status > 1 (2), and >1 organ system involved (1). Each variable was an independent predictor of OS (p < .001), and each 1‐point increase in the score was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79–2.25; p < .0001). The concordance value was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71–0.78). The scores were discretized into three groups—favorable (score = 0–1), intermediate (score = 2), and poor survival (score = 3–5)—with 2‐year OS rates of 84% (95% CI, 79%–90%), 46% (95% CI, 36%–59%), and 21% (95% CI, 14%–32%), respectively (p < .0001 for each). In the external validation set (182 patients), the score was also predictive of OS (p < .0001). Increasing SINS<zaq;6> was predictive of decreased OS as a continuous variable (p < .0001).ConclusionsThis novel score is proposed as a decision‐making tool to help to optimize patient selection for spine SBRT. SINS may be an independent predictor of OS.
Analysis of research strategies to determine individual color preference: N‐alternative forced choice, rank‐order, rating and paired comparison
Authors: Yu Luwen , Yun Chen , Xia Guobin , Westland Stephen , Li Zhenhong , Cheung Vien 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExploring an efficient research method for understanding color preference is important to researchers and designers. This work compares four experimental methods for individual color preference research (N‐alternative forced choice, rank‐order, rating and paired comparison). Three psychophysical experiments were carried out with 338 participants. Participants were presented with six color patches (red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple) arranged in a random order. This work suggested orange is the strongest preferred color and green is the weakest preferred using three individual color preference experimental methods with six hues. The Monte Carlo Analysis method further compares the result performance for four methods, which suggests the rating, paired comparison and rank‐order methods are more stable than the N‐alternative forced choice method when only a small number of participants take part in the experiment. For studies involving small numbers of participants (even less than 6), the rating, rank‐order and pair comparison methods should be preferred.
Energy‐efficient computing for machine learning based target detection
Authors: Fisne Alparslan , Kalay Alperen , Yavuz Faruk , Cetintepe Cagri , Ozsoy Adnan 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe main objective of this study is to develop real‐time, energy‐efficient embedded computing for machine learning based target detection. Convolutional neural network (CNN) model based detection, a machine learning technique, can provide higher detection accuracy than constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection techniques even if it results in higher processing costs. In this study, we achieve three significant improvements for real‐time radar target detection by considering computational cost. The first improvement is to reduce the computational cost of the CNN model. The second achievement is the design of heterogeneous computing optimizations. The third of them is to support energy‐efficient computing solutions for mobile sensors. Compared to the initial CNN model, layer improvements decreased the number of operations by 8.5x. Real‐time operations are satisfied by hardware‐specific improvements like vectorization and parallelization. The embedded NVIDIA Jetson GPU and Intel MYRIAD VPU, which have power consumption of 15 Watts and 1 Watt, respectively, have been used to execute the energy‐efficient target detection. The most energy‐efficient solution is achieved by using Jetson AGX Xavier GPU with 32‐bit single precision and 15 Watts of power consumption.
Genes involved in platelet aggregation and activation are downregulated during acute anaphylaxis in humans
Authors: McGrath Francesca M , Francis Abbie , Fatovich Daniel M , Macdonald Stephen PJ , Arendts Glenn , Woo Andrew J , Bosio Erika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveMechanisms underlying the anaphylactic reaction in humans are not fully understood. Here, we aimed at improving our understanding of anaphylaxis by investigating gene expression changes.MethodsMicroarray data set GSE69063 was analysed, describing emergency department (ED) patients with severe anaphylaxis (n = 12), moderate anaphylaxis (n = 6), sepsis (n = 20) and trauma (n = 11). Samples were taken at ED presentation (T0) and 1 h later (T1). Healthy controls were age and sex matched to ED patient groups. Gene expression changes were determined using limma, and pathway analysis applied. Differentially expressed genes were validated in an independent cohort of anaphylaxis patients (n = 31) and matched healthy controls (n = 10), using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.ResultsPlatelet aggregation was dysregulated in severe anaphylaxis at T0, but not in moderate anaphylaxis, sepsis or trauma. Dysregulation was not observed in patients who received adrenaline before T0. Seven genes (GATA1 (adjusted P‐value = 5.57 × 10−4), TLN1 (adjusted P‐value = 9.40 × 10−4), GP1BA (adjusted P‐value = 2.15 × 10−2), SELP (adjusted P‐value = 2.29 × 10−2), MPL (adjusted P‐value = 1.20 × 10−2), F13A1 (adjusted P‐value = 1.39 × 10−2) and SPARC (adjusted P‐value = 4.06 × 10−2)) were significantly downregulated in severe anaphylaxis patients who did not receive adrenaline before ED arrival, compared with healthy controls. One gene (TLN1 (adjusted P‐value = 1.29 × 10−2)) was significantly downregulated in moderate anaphylaxis patients who did not receive adrenaline before ED arrival, compared with healthy controls.ConclusionDownregulation of genes involved in platelet aggregation and activation is a unique feature of the early anaphylactic reaction not previously reported and may be associated with reaction severity.
TimeFISH: Long‐term assessment of reef fish assemblages in a transition zone in the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Quimbayo Juan P. , Nunes Lucas T. , Silva Fernanda C. , Anderson Antônio B. , Barneche Diego R. , Canterle Angela M. , Cord Isadora , Dalben Andrea , Ferrari Débora S. , Fontoura Luisa , Fiuza Thiago M. J. , Liedke Ana M. R. , Longo Guilherme O. , Morais Renato A. , Siqueira Alexandre C. , Floeter Sergio R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe TimeFISH database provides the first public time‐series dataset on reef fish assemblages in the southwestern Atlantic (SWA), comprising 15 years of data (2007–2022) based on standardized Underwater Visual Censuses (UVCs). The rocky reefs covered by our dataset are influenced by pronounced seasonal cycles of ocean temperatures with warm tropical waters from the Brazil Current in the summer (~27°C) and colder waters from the La Plata River Plume discharge and upwelling from the South Atlantic Central Water in the winter (~18°C). These oceanographic conditions characterize this area as the southernmost tropical–subtropical climatic transition zone in the Atlantic Ocean. As a result, reef fish assemblages are comprised of both tropical and subtropical species. All records included in TimeFISH were collected using UVCs, a nondestructive method that allows the estimation of fish species richness, abundance, and body size distributions. UVCs were performed through 40 m2 belt transects by scuba diving in nine locations along the southern Brazilian coast (25–29°S). Four of these locations lie within the boundaries of the no‐entry Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve, where fishing and recreational activities are forbidden, and the remaining locations are unprotected from these activities. During each belt transect, a diver swam at a constant depth above and parallel to the reef, identifying fish species, counting the number of individuals, and estimating the total body length (Lt in cm) of all detected individuals. All fish individuals in the water column (up to 2 m above the substratum) and at the bottom were targeted. In total, 202,965 individuals belonging to 163 reef fish species and 53 families were recorded across 1857 UVCs. All survey campaigns were funded by either public or mixed capital (private–public) sources, including seven grants from the Brazilian federal and Santa Catarina state governments. Part of the data has already been used in multiple MS.c. and Ph.D. theses and scientific articles. TimeFISH represents an important contribution for future studies aiming to examine temporal and spatial variations of reef fish assemblages in transition zones. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, other than citing this publication.
Fuel connectivity, burn severity, and seed bank survivorship drive ecosystem transformation in a semiarid shrubland
Authors: Mahood Adam L. , Koontz Michael J. , Balch Jennifer K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA key challenge in ecology is understanding how multiple drivers interact to precipitate persistent vegetation state changes. These state changes may be both precipitated and maintained by disturbances, but predicting whether the state change will be fleeting or persistent requires an understanding of the mechanisms by which disturbance affects the alternative communities. In the sagebrush shrublands of the western United States, widespread annual grass invasion has increased fuel connectivity, which increases the size and spatial contiguity of fires, leading to postfire monocultures of introduced annual grasses (IAG). The novel grassland state can be persistent and is more likely to promote large fires than the shrubland it replaced. But the mechanisms by which prefire invasion and fire occurrence are linked to higher postfire flammability are not fully understood. A natural experiment to explore these interactions presented itself when we arrived in northern Nevada immediately after a 50,000 ha wildfire was extinguished. We hypothesized that the novel grassland state is maintained via a reinforcing feedback where higher fuel connectivity increases burn severity, which subsequently increases postfire IAG dispersal, seed survivorship, and fuel connectivity. We used a Bayesian joint species distribution model and structural equation model framework to assess the strength of the support for each element in this feedback pathway. We found that prefire fuel connectivity increased burn severity and that higher burn severity had mostly positive effects on the occurrence of IAG and another nonnative species and mostly negative or neutral relationships with all other species. Finally, we found that the abundance of IAG seeds in the seed bank immediately after a fire had a positive effect on the fuel connectivity 3 years after the fire, completing a positive feedback promoting IAG. These results demonstrate that the strength of the positive feedback is controlled by measurable characteristics of ecosystem structure, composition, and disturbance. Further, each node in the loop is affected independently by multiple global change drivers. It is possible that these characteristics can be modeled to predict threshold behavior and inform management actions to mitigate or slow the establishment of the grass–fire cycle, perhaps via targeted restoration applications or prefire fuel treatments.
Forced vibration analysis model for pumped storage power station based on the 1D–3D coupling and pipe walls vibration
Authors: Yang Xiuwei , Lian Jijian , Wang Haijun , Zhang Ziliang , Hu Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydraulic vibration is a common phenomenon in pumped storage power stations (PSPS) and hydropower plants. Evaluating the performance of the PSPS and water conveyance system under the hydraulic vibration condition is significant for the safety of the electric power and the PSPS system. In this study, the one‐dimensional (1D) and three‐dimensional (3D) coupling model for the entire PSPS system is established based on the open‐source software OpenFOAM and in‐house C++ codes. The coupling data exchange is realized by writing and reading files. The coupling model is validated by comparing the results with the pure 1D method under small load disturbance conditions. The forced vibration source is modeled by the pipe walls vibration method in the 3D region, and the 1D method takes charge of other parts in the PSPS system. The combination of the pipe walls vibration and 1D–3D coupling could fully consider the incident and reflected characteristics of the pressure waves. The established model could evaluate the overall performance of the PSPS system under forced vibration. Sensitive analysis of the vibration magnitude is carried out, and the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, demonstrating that the established model is applicable for the forced vibration analysis.