bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage by Using 2,7‐Pyrene as a Central Donor Unit in A‐π‐D‐π‐A‐Type Small‐Molecule‐Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Heng , Tao Qiang , Deng Jiyong , Peng Wenhong , Zhu Weiguo , Yu Donghong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo get insights into the relationship between molecular structure and performance in photovoltaic cells, two small molecules of T(3TDRCN)2 and Pr(3TDRCN)2 were synthesized with an A‐π‐D‐π‐A type backbone structure. The T(3TDRCN)2 and Pr(3TDRCN)2 were using n‐octyl side chains substituted trithiophene (3T) as the π‐linker and 2‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐rhodanine (DRCN) as terminal acceptor (A) group, while varied the central donor (D) unit from thiophene (T) to 2,7‐pyrene (Pr). Both SMs were applied as donor materials along with fullerene acceptor (PC71BM) for solution‐processed bulk‐heterojunction solar cells. The impacts of central donor units on their optical absorption, electrochemical property, hole mobility, and solar cell performance were primarily studied. The T(3TDRCN)2:PC71BM based devices yielded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.60 % with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.89 V. Interestingly, the Pr(3TDRCN)2 based solar cell exhibited an higher PCE of 4.47 % with an improved Voc of 0.95 V. Our work indicates that using large π‐conjugated aromatic donor with weak‐electron donating property as central unit can improve Voc, as well as high photovoltaic efficiency of the A‐π‐D‐π‐A type SMs in organic solar cells.
Donor:Acceptor Janus Nanoparticle‐Based Films as Photoactive Layers: Control of Assembly and Impact on Performance of Devices
Authors: Du Yixuan , Wang Yuemeng , Shamraienko Volodymyr , Pöschel Kathrin , Synytska Alla 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWater‐processable organic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) are considered promising materials for the next‐generation of optoelectronic applications due to their controlled size, internal structure, and environmentally friendly processing. Reasonably, the controllable assembly of donor:acceptor (D:A) NPs on large areas, quality, and packing density of deposited films, as well as layer morphology, will influence the effectiveness of charge transfer at an interface and the final performance of designed optoelectronic devices.This work represents an easy and effective approach for designing self‐assembled monolayers of D:A NPs. In this self‐assembly procedure, the NP arrays are prepared on a large scale (2 × 2 cm2) at the air/water interface with controlled packing density and morphology. Due to the unique structure of individual D:A Janus particles and their assembled arrays, the Janus nanoparticle (JNP)‐based device exhibits an 80% improvement of electron mobility and more balanced charge extraction compared to the conventional core–shell NP‐based device. An outstanding performance of polymer solar cells with over 5% efficiency is achieved after post‐annealing treatment of assembled arrays, representing one of the best results for NP‐based organic photovoltaics. Ultimately, this work provides a new protocol for processing water‐processable organic semiconductor colloids and future optoelectronic fabrication.
Modulating Electronic Structure with Copper Doping to Promote the Electrocatalytic Performance of Cobalt Disulfide in Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Ding Shengqi , Wu Liang , Zhang Fang , Yuan Xianxia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroducing heteroatom into catalyst lattice to modulate its intrinsic electronic structure is an efficient strategy to improve the electrocatalytic performance in Li–O2 batteries. Herein, Cu‐doped CoS2 (Cu–CoS2) nanoparticles are fabricated by a solvothermal method and evaluated as promising cathode catalysts for Li–O2 batteries. Based on physicochemical analysis as well as density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that doping Cu heteroatom in CoS2 lattice can increase the covalency of the CoS bond with more electron transfer from Co 3d to S 3p orbitals, thereby resulting in less electron transfer from Co 3d to O 2p orbitals of Li–O species, which can weaken the adsorption strength toward Li–O intermediates, decrease the reaction barrier, and thus improve the catalytic performance in Li–O2 batteries. As a result, the battery using Cu–CoS2 nanoparticles in the cathode exhibits superior kinetics, reversibility, capacity, and cycling performance, as compared to the battery based on CoS2 catalyst. This work provides an atomic‐level insight into the rational design of transition‐metal dichalcogenide catalysts via regulating the electronic structure for high‐performance Li–O2 batteries.
Surface Stretching Enables Highly Disordered Graphitic Domains for Ultrahigh Rate Sodium Storage
Authors: Liu Yi , Wan Yanhua , Zhang Jun‐Ye , Zhang Xingmiao , Hung Chin‐Te , Lv Zirui , Hua Weiming , Wang Yonggang , Chao Dongliang , Li Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHard carbons (HCs) with high sloping capacity are considered as the leading candidate anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs); nevertheless, achieving basically complete slope‐dominated behavior with high rate capability is still a big challenge. Herein, the synthesis of mesoporous carbon nanospheres with highly disordered graphitic domains and MoC nanodots modification via a surface stretching strategy is reported. The MoOx surface coordination layer inhibits the graphitization process at high temperature, thus creating short and wide graphite domains. Meanwhile, the in situ formed MoC nanodots can greatly promote the conductivity of highly disordered carbon. Consequently, MoC@MCNs exhibit an outstanding rate capacity (125 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1). The “adsorption‐filling” mechanism combined with excellent kinetics is also studied based on the short‐range graphitic domains to reveal the enhanced slope‐dominated capacity. The insight in this work encourages the design of HC anodes with dominated slope capacity toward high‐performance SIBs.
Solar Energy Storage Using a Cu2O‐TiO2 Photocathode in a Lithium Battery
Authors: Ciria‐Ramos Isabel , Juarez‐Perez Emilio J. , Haro Marta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA Cu2O‐TiO2 photoelectrode is pr+oposed for simultaneous solar light energy harvesting and storing of electrochemical energy in an adapted lithium coin cell. The p‐type Cu2O semiconductor layer is the light harvester component of the photoelectrode and the TiO2 film performs as the capacitive layer. The rationale of the energy scheme shows that the photocharges generated in the Cu2O semiconductor induce lithiation/delithiation processes in the TiO2 film as a function of the applied bias voltage and light power. A photorechargeable lithium button cell drilled on one side recharges with visible white light in ≈9 h in open circuit. It provides an energy density of ≈150 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C discharge current in dark, and the overall efficiency is 0.29%. This work draws a new approach for the photoelectrode role to advance in monolithic rechargeable batteries.
Rhodium‐Based Nanozymes: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Dai Pengyu , Li Jingqi , Sun Tiedong , Chen Chunxia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRhodium (Rh) is a non‐toxic transition metal used as various nanomaterials with unique structures and properties. Rh‐based nanozymes can mimic the activities of natural enzymes, overcome the limitation of the application scope of natural enzymes, and interact with various biological microenvironments to play a variety of functions. Rh‐based nanozymes can be synthesized in various ways, and different modification and regulation methods can also enable users to control catalytic performance by adjusting enzyme active sites. The construction of Rh‐based nanozymes has attracted great interest in the biomedical field and impacted the industry and other areas. This paper reviews the typical synthesis and modification strategies, unique properties, applications, challenges, and prospects of Rh‐based nanozymes. Next, the unique features of Rh‐based nanozymes are emphasized, including adjustable enzyme‐like activity, stability, and biocompatibility. In addition, we discuss Rh‐based nanozymes biosensors and detection, biomedical therapy, and industrial and other applications. Finally, the future challenges and prospects of Rh‐based nanozymes are proposed.
Photoswitchable Chiral Organocatalysts: Photocontrol of Enantioselective Reactions
Authors: Kondo Masaru , Nakamura Kento , Krishnan Chandu G. , Sasai Hiroaki , Takizawa Shinobu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study presents recent advances in photoswitchable chiral organocatalysts and their applications in the photomodulation of enantioselective reactions. Under irradiation with an appropriate wavelength of light, the E/Z‐photoisomerization of the photoresponsive units on the catalysts leads to the control of the catalytic activity and/or selectivity of the enantioselective reactions. Additionally, this study elucidates the design, synthesis, and catalytic application of the fabricated azobenzene BINOL‐based photoswitchable chiral phase‐transfer catalysts. This account will provide insights into the appropriate design of a photoswitchable chiral organocatalyst that can achieve both good enantioselectivity and photocontrol.
Organometallic Ionic Liquids Containing Sandwich Complexes: Molecular Design, Physical Properties, and Chemical Reactivities
Authors: Mochida Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are salts with low melting points and are useful as electrolytes and solvents. We have developed ILs containing cationic metal complexes, which form a family of functional liquids that exhibit unique physical properties and chemical reactivities originating from metal complexes. Our study explores the liquid chemistry in the field of coordination chemistry, where solid‐state chemistry is currently the main focus. This review describes the molecular design, physical properties, and reactivities of organometallic ILs containing sandwich or half‐sandwich complexes. This paper mainly covers stimuli‐responsive ILs, whose magnetic properties, solvent polarities, colors, or structures change by the application of external fields, such as light, heat, and magnetic fields, or by reaction with coordinating molecules.
Fault diagnosis of low‐speed rolling bearing based on weighted reconstruction of vibration envelopes
Authors: Huang Yukun , Zhang Wanyang , Wang Kun , Zhang Baoqiang , Zhang Fanghong , Luo Huageng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main bearing supports the rotation of the main shaft of a wind turbine. It bears heavy dead weights as well as variable speed dynamic loading during operations; thus, it is a vulnerable part in a wind turbine drive train. Because of the low speed and time‐varying operations of the main bearing, vibrations generated by bearing faults are often weak in response amplitudes, low in frequency range, and smeared in damage feature energy. As a result, the applicability of the conventional acceleration envelope analysis (AEA) technique, a traditionally effective technology for bearing fault diagnosis, is limited in such cases. In order to resolve this, a modified AEA method specially designed for bearings with low and variable speed operation is proposed in this paper. First, the structural response is decomposed by means of variational mode decomposition (VMD) for the low frequency components to form a series of band‐limited intrinsic mode functions (BLIMFs). Next, weighting factors are determined for the BLIMFs by defined energy ratios. Finally, a new envelope is reconstructed by weighting the envelopes of each BLIMF for bearing fault diagnosis. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method for the diagnosis of main bearing faults in wind turbines is verified through the analysis of measured data from a wind turbine in the field. The proposed method provides an effective way for bearing fault diagnosis at low and variable rotational speeds.
Finanzplatz Schweiz: Finance Center Switzerland
Authors: Meier Henri B. , Marthinsen John E. , Gantenbein Pascal A. , Weber Samuel S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the past forty years, Switzerland’s financial system has transformed itself from an outdated assortment of trading, clearing, settlement, and payment systems into “Finanzplatz Schweiz” (i.e., “Finance Center Switzerland”), a wholly integrated and fully automated electronic securities trading and post-trading infrastructure, operated and managed by the SIX Group. Because the nation’s financial system competes in a high-stakes global environment, where survival is based on successful risk management and state-of-the-art handling of financial instruments, doing so meant modifying and modernizing Swiss regulators and regulations. Customers expect ever-improving financial depth, breadth, and sophistication. These strengths form the basis for all value-added services the Swiss financial industry offers and enable Swiss financial institutions to compete internationally despite their home country’s diminutive geographical size.
Swiss Bank (Customer) Secrecy and the International Exchange of Information
Authors: Meier Henri B. , Marthinsen John E. , Gantenbein Pascal A. , Weber Samuel S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSwiss banking secrecy dates back more than 300 years. In 1934, the Federal Act on Banks and Savings Banks made the unauthorized disclosure of confidential bank customer information a federal crime. Because bank secrecy could shield illegal financial activities, the Swiss government, Swiss banks, Swiss Bankers Association, and central bank have taken significant steps to halt tax evasion, insider trading, market and share price manipulation, money laundering, organized crime, financing terrorism, and corruption (bribery). In December 2015, the government implemented the Federal Act on the International Automatic Exchange of Information in Tax Matters (AEOIA) to assist foreign governments. Banking secrecy issues intersect with other important topics, such as whistleblower legislation and Swiss neutrality.
VStrains: De Novo Reconstruction of Viral Strains via Iterative Path Extraction from Assembly Graphs
Authors: Luo Runpeng , Lin Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the high mutation rate in viruses, a mixture of closely related viral strains (called viral quasispecies) often co-infect an individual host. Reconstructing individual strains from viral quasispecies is a key step to characterizing the viral population, revealing strain-level genetic variability, and providing insights into biomedical and clinical studies. Reference-based approaches of reconstructing viral strains suffer from the lack of high-quality references due to high mutation rates and biased variant calling introduced by a selected reference. De novo methods require no references but face challenges due to errors in reads, the high similarity of quasispecies, and uneven abundance of strains.In this paper, we propose VStrains, a de novo approach for reconstructing strains from viral quasispecies. VStrains incorporates contigs, paired-end reads, and coverage information to iteratively extract the strain-specific paths from assembly graphs. We benchmark VStrains against multiple state-of-the-art de novo and reference-based approaches on both simulated and real datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that VStrains achieves the best overall performance on both simulated and real datasets under a comprehensive set of metrics such as genome fraction, duplication ratio, NGA50, error rate, etc.Availability: VStrains is freely available at https://github.com/MetaGenTools/VStrains.
Spectrum Preserving Tilings Enable Sparse and Modular Reference Indexing
Authors: Fan Jason , Khan Jamshed , Pibiri Giulio Ermanno , Patro Rob 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe reference indexing problem for $$k$$-mers is to pre-process a collection of reference genomic sequences $$\mathcal {R}$$ so that the position of all occurrences of any queried $$k$$-mer can be rapidly identified. An efficient and scalable solution to this problem is fundamental for many tasks in bioinformatics.In this work, we introduce the spectrum preserving tiling (SPT), a general representation of $$\mathcal {R}$$ that specifies how a set of tiles repeatedly occur to spell out the constituent reference sequences in $$\mathcal {R}$$. By encoding the order and positions where tiles occur, SPTs enable the implementation and analysis of a general class of modular indexes. An index over an SPT decomposes the reference indexing problem for $$k$$-mers into: (1) a $$k$$-mer-to-tile mapping; and (2) a tile-to-occurrence mapping. Recently introduced work to construct and compactly index $$k$$-mer sets can be used to efficiently implement the $$k$$-mer-to-tile mapping. However, implementing the tile-to-occurrence mapping remains prohibitively costly in terms of space. As reference collections become large, the space requirements of the tile-to-occurrence mapping dominates that of the $$k$$-mer-to-tile mapping since the former depends on the amount of total sequence while the latter depends on the number of unique $$k$$-mers in $$\mathcal {R}$$.To address this, we introduce a class of sampling schemes for SPTs that trade off speed to reduce the size of the tile-to-reference mapping. We implement a practical index with these sampling schemes in the tool . When indexing over 30,000 bacterial genomes, reduces the size of the tile-to-occurrence mapping from 86.3 GB to 34.6 GB while incurring only a 3.6$$\times $$ slowdown when querying $$k$$-mers from a sequenced readset.Availability: is implemented in Rust and available at https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/pufferfish2.
Materialisierte Gerichtsverfahren: Der Prozess der Vergegenständlichung historischer Akten in Pitavalgeschichten zwischen law in literature und material philology
Authors: Speth Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungUntersucht wird die ‚Vergegenständlichung‘ authentischer Akten in den Causes célèbres Gayots de Pitaval. Die Verbindung von historisch Wahrem und deviant Wunderbarem erweist sich als geeignetes Material, um spannende Unterhaltung mit aufklärerischer Unterweisung zu verbinden. Ein Publikum aus angehenden Fachgelehrten und juristischen Laien erhält so Einblick in die ansonsten verschlossene Sphäre des schriftlichen Inquisitionsprozesses. Dabei ist Gayots Vorgehen nach den jeweils aufgegriffenen Textsorten des Rechtswesens und der Justiz eigens zu differenzieren. Der wörtlichen Übernahme gerichtlicher Urteile steht der freie Zugriff auf anwaltliches Schrifttum gegenüber. Formt Gayot seine Erzählungen insgesamt angelehnt an die rechtspraktische Form der ‚Relation‘, tritt bei der verlegerischen Umsetzung in Buchform eine technische Dimension der ‚Vergegenständlichung‘ hinzu. Die Analyse anhand der erweiterten Ausgabe von Guillaume Cavelier (Causes célèbres et intéressantes, avec les jugemens qui les ont décidées. Guillaume Cavelier, Paris, 1735) und einer anonymen deutschen Übersetzung (Causes Celebres, oder Erzählung sonderbarer Rechtshändel, sammt deren gerichtlichen Entscheidung. Gottfried Kiesewetter, Leipzig, 1747) steht damit am Schnittpunkt von law in literature und material philology. Betont die verlegerische mise en livre dieser frühen Ausgaben die Agonalität der Prozesse und legt einen intendierten Gebrauch gerade auch durch Juristen nahe, unterstützt die typographische Gestaltung späterer Bearbeitungen die erzählerische Stringenz. Jedoch lässt sich für die Fassung von François Richer (Causes célèbres et intéressantes, avec les jugemens qui les ont décidées. Rédigées de nouveau. Michel Rhey, Amsterdam, 1772) und deren von Friedrich Schiller herausgegebenen Übersetzung (Merkwürdige Rechtsfälle als ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Menschheit. Nach dem Französischen Werk des Pitaval durch mehrere Verfasser ausgearbeitet und mit einer Vorrede begleitet herausgegeben von [Friedrich] Schiller. Christian Heinrich Cuno’s Erben, Jena, 1792) nur bedingt von einer ‚Literarisierung‘ sprechen. Eher reagieren sie auf die Reformen des Strafrechts in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Recht und Literatur werden von einer Ausgabe zur nächsten semantisch wie buchgestalterisch jeweils aufs Neue ins Verhältnis gesetzt.
Vergegenständlichungsprozesse von Recht und Literatur bei J. D. H. Temme
Authors: Blödorn Andreas , Ueberfeldt Johannes 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungJodocus Donatus Hubertus Temme steht mit seiner doppelten Profession als Jurist und Lehrbuchautor sowie als (Kriminal-)Schriftsteller paradigmatisch für die wechselseitige Bezugnahme von Recht und Literatur. Der Beitrag geht diesen Vergegenständlichungen nach, um die Interrelation beider Aspekte für Temmes Gesamtwerk an einigen Beispielen auszuloten. Recht wird bei Temme Gegenstand von Literatur sowohl auf einer diegetisch-fiktionalen, als auch einer realweltlich-rechtsreflexiven Ebene. Literatur hingegen wird Gegenstand des Rechts nur auf indirekte Weise, indem innerhalb von Rechtstexten partiell Stil, Rhetorik und Argumentationsweise ‚umgeschaltet‘ werden, wenn es um die Konkretisierung beispielhafter Fallkonstellationen geht. Wenn Temmes literarische Texte innerhalb ihrer Diegese Recht und Gesetz thematisieren, so tun sie dies vor allem in einer reflektierenden und diskursivierenden Weise, um ‚blinde Flecken‘ und mögliche Justiz-Irrtümer aufzuzeigen.
Markt, Materialität, Buch: Die Vergegenständlichung von Literatur in der Ökonomik
Authors: Schüler Lena 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungBücher werden auf Märkten publiziert und entsprechend als Ware zwischen Anbietern und Nachfragern gehandelt, wodurch die Materie ‚Literatur‘ zum Gegenstand komplexer wirtschaftlicher Interaktionen und Prozesse sowie (potenziell) Marktregularien wird. Die Existenz von Buchmärkten bewirkt regelmäßig Prozesse der Vergegenständlichung von Literatur durch die Ökonomie als Wissenschaft, wobei sich die Materialität bei der forschungszweckgebundenen Übersetzung eines (zu erklärenden) sozialen Phänomens in ein mathematisches oder ökonometrisches Modell manifestiert. Während sich die Literatur als Ware sowohl als physisches Buch als auch als E-Book in der theoretischen Ökonomik vorwiegend mit seinen fixen und/oder variablen Kosten auf der Anbieterseite eines Buchmarktes vergegenständlicht, materialisiert sich das Buch in der empirischen Ökonomik auf unterschiedliche Weise mit seinen spezifischen Produkteigenschaften als abhängige oder unabhängige Modellvariable.
Spatial Analysis of Villages in Jilin Province Based on Space Syntax and Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Deli , Wang Keqi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The development of machine learning technology gives architects and urban planners a new tool that can be used for research and design. The topic of this paper is to analyze the rural space of Jilin Province with the machine learning algorithms and space syntax theory, and to obtain the inherent formation and development laws of rural spatial forms, which can be used as a reference and evaluation system for subsequent rural development, and also can emphasize the locality and continuity of rural development. First, based on geographic information data, researching the connection between the distribution of villages and geographic data at a macro level and to classify them. Then, from each category, selecting one township and use all villages in its area as samples for the more specific study. Spatial features of individual village are extracted based on space syntax theory, and representative spatial features which can as feature values for cluster analysis are selected through comparative analysis. Then classify villages from high-dimensional data and explore their type characteristics. Finally, we hope the result of this study can help provide useful theoretical references for rural construction and nature conservation in the future.