bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome and metabolome characteristics of patients with cholesterol gallstones suggest the preventive potential of prebiotics
Authors: Liu Ye , Li Hexin , Sun Tianhan , Sun Gaoyuan , Jiang Boyue , Liu Meilan , Wang Qing , Li Tong , Cao Jianfu , Zhao Li , Xiao Fei , Zhao Fangqing , Cui Hongyuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCholesterol gallstones (CGS) still lack effective noninvasive treatment. The etiology of experimentally proven cholesterol stones remains underexplored. This cross‐sectional study aims to comprehensively evaluate potential biomarkers in patients with gallstones and assess the effects of microbiome‐targeted interventions in mice. Microbiome taxonomic profiling was conducted on 191 samples via V3−V4 16S rRNA sequencing. Next, 60 samples (30 age‐ and sex‐matched CGS patients and 30 controls) were selected for metagenomic sequencing and fecal metabolite profiling via liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Microbiome and metabolite characterizations were performed to identify potential biomarkers for CGS. Eight‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were given a lithogenic diet for 8 weeks to promote gallstone development. The causal relationship was examined through monocolonization in antibiotics‐treated mice. The effects of short‐chain fatty acids such as sodium butyrate, sodium acetate (NaA), sodium propionate, and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on lithogenic diet‐induced gallstones were investigated in mice. Gut microbiota and metabolites exhibited distinct characteristics, and selected biomarkers demonstrated good diagnostic performance in distinguishing CGS patients from healthy controls. Multi‐omics data indicated associations between CGS and pathways involving butanoate and propanoate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation pathways, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. The incidence of gallstones was significantly higher in the Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum group compared to the control group in mice. The grade of experimental gallstones in control mice was significantly higher than in mice treated with NaA and FOS. FOS could completely inhibit the formation of gallstones in mice. This study characterized gut microbiome and metabolome alterations in CGS. C. glycyrrhizinilyticum contributed to gallstone formation in mice. Supplementing with FOS could serve as a potential approach for managing CGS by altering the composition and functionality of gut microbiota.
Adverse fetal and neonatal impact of war conflicts during pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Riquelme‐Gallego Blanca , Ramos‐Soberbio Lucía , Leno‐Duran Ester , Martínez‐Vázquez Sergio , Caparros‐Gonzalez Rafael A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to establish the fetal and neonatal impact of war conflicts during pregnancy. A systematic review was conducted according to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and relevant publications available in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases. Primary and quantitative studies were eligible for inclusion. To be included, studies had to be redacted in Spanish or English and evaluate maternal exposure to a war or terrorist attack during pregnancy, with consideration being given of the consequences of this for fetal and/or neonatal development. Systematic, narrative and exploratory literature reviews were excluded, as were meta‐analyses and studies in which the sample differed from the sample of interest, the focus was on other stressful factors that differed from a war conflict and the consequences examined did not comprise the impact of a war during pregnancy on the fetus or neonate. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) tool. A total of 28 articles were included, with an included sample of n = 664,980 mother‐infant dyads, exposed to war conflicts. The adverse impact of prenatal stress suffered by mothers during periods of war revealed that, (1) in the short‐term, babies were at greater risk of having a low birth weight and impinged length and being born prematurely, whilst mothers were more likely to suffer a miscarriage. (2) In the long‐term, babies exposed to war during the prenatal period had a higher risk of experiencing alterations to their neurodevelopment, mental disorders and pathophysiological diseases. The stress suffered by mothers during the prenatal period can bring about a number of negative consequences over both the short‐ and long‐term in babies, especially, in terms of their physical and neurological development. It is important to conduct further research on the topic with the aim of detecting and treating the early stages of maternal psychological illnesses experienced during pregnancy due to war conflict and, in this way, achieve benefits for pregnant women and future generations.
Intestinal Bacterial Dysbiosis and Liver Fibrosis in Mice Through Gut‐Liver Axis and NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway Caused by Fine Particulate Matter
Authors: Fu Pengfei , Zhang Mei , Bai Lirong , Chen Shanshan , Chen Wenqi , Li Zhiping , Yue Jianwei , Dong Chuan , Li Ruijin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with risks of liver diseases and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, in which the gut‐liver axis regulation mechanisms induced by PM2.5 exposure are still limited so far. In this study, after 12 weeks of exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 (64 μg/m3) and clean air in winter in Taiyuan, China, we collected liver and intestinal tissues and serum in male mice to perform toxicology experiments. The results showed that PM2.5 significantly exacerbated the pathological injury in the liver and intestine and liver fibrosis in mice, along with elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the serum. PM2.5 caused abnormal liver function and activated TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway in mouse liver. PM2.5 also significantly inhibited the expression of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins such as ZO‐1 and occludin. Besides, from 16S rRNA gene sequencing results in intestinal and fecal samples, we found that PM2.5 decreased the diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria, along with reducing Shannon, Chao1 and Ace indices and increasing Simpson indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that mice's intestinal bacterial composition and β‐diversity in the PM2.5‐exposed group significantly differed from the control group. KEGG pathway analyzed key functional genes and metabolic pathways in important mouse bacterial communities in the PM2.5‐exposed group. It suggested that PM2.5 exposure exacerbates liver fibrosis in mice via the NLRP3 pathway. PM2.5 caused intestinal mucosal injury, intestinal bacterial disorders and increased LPS levels, leading to the activation of inflammatory pathways, which can exacerbate liver fibrosis via the gut‐liver axis.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐Gamma Activation by an Active Compound in Lythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino
Authors: Miyata Ryo , Suzuki Masanobu , Okazaki Yuka , Abe Daigo , Nakajima Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino (Japanese common name: “Misohagi”) is an edible plant belonging to the Lythraceae family. It is mainly distributed in Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe. Plants of the genus Lythrum exhibit a broad range of biological activities including anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Because of this, the plants are used in traditional medicine to treat hemorrhage, infected wounds, and dysentery. The activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ) is an effective target for improving insulin resistance and anti‐inflammatory activity. However, PPARγ activation by the genus Lythrum remains unclear. Aiming to evaluate PPARγ activation by L. anceps, we generated a reporter cell line using an artificial chromosome vector that stably expresses dual‐color beetle luciferases. Dual‐color real‐time bioluminescence monitoring revealed marked PPARγ activation in L. anceps extracts. Moreover, ellagic acid was identified as a PPARγ activator present in L. anceps by a bioassay‐guided fractionation approach.
Analysis of Superb Microvascular Imaging Blood Flow Scoring, Disease Duration, and Laboratory Indicators Involved in Gout
Authors: Lu Jianming , Zhang Qian , Yang Guangfei , Gu Zhile , Wu Yating 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the correlation among semi‐quantitative scoring of blood flow by superb microvascular imaging (SMI), hypersensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in different gout duration.Methods103 patients (total 157 affected joints) with clinically confirmed acute gout attack from January 2021 to May 2022 were performed with laboratory tests (hs‐CRP, ESR, SUA), routine joint ultrasound scanning, along with semi‐quantitative scoring of SMI, and correlations between which were analyzed.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in semi‐quantitative scoring of SMI in the affected joints between different disease duration. The differences between SMI scoring in gouty tophi, synovial hyperplasia, and the levels of different hs‐CRP and ESR subgroups of the affected joints were statistically significant (p < 0.05). R values between SMI scoring in synovial hyperplasia as well as gouty tophi and hs‐CRP levels were 0.711 and 0.579, respectively, and those of ESR were 0.430 and 0.418, respectively, while those of SUA levels were −0.227 and 0.120, respectively.ConclusionWith a prolonged progression of gout, hs‐CRP and ESR levels amplify, along with a concurrent intensification in the SMI scorings of blood flow signals in the affected joints (grades 2 and 3). In the acute gout attack, SMI blood flow scoring showed a moderate correlation to hs‐CRP, a low correlation to ESR, and no correlation to SUA, among which the best correlation was found between SMI scoring and hs‐CRP levels in the synovial hyperplasia.
Clinical and Analytical Evaluation of the Abbott Alinity m HR HPV Assay in a New Generation First‐Void Urine Collector
Authors: Van Keer Severien , Téblick Laura , Donders Gilbert , Weyers Steven , Doyen Jean , Cornelis Ann , Van de Vijver Koen , Delbecque Katty , De Smet Annemie , Van Damme Pierre , Vorsters Alex 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUrine‐based self‐sampling approaches can simplify cervical screening programs whilst increasing response. This study reports on the performance of Abbott Alinity m HR HPV on urine, self‐collected at home using a new generation first‐void urination device that is suitable for postal delivery (Novosanis Colli‐Pee Small Volumes). First‐void urine and paired cervical samples from 297 females attending colposcopy (age 25–65, NCT04530201) were analysed for the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Cervical disease was confirmed by colposcopy and/or histology. HPV testing on first‐void urine was less sensitive for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 +; ratio 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83–0.99), though equally specific (< CIN2; ratio 1.04; 95% CI: 0.92–1.19) compared to cervical samples at the manufacturer established cut‐off for cervical samples. Adjusting the cut‐off for first‐void urine improved sensitivity for CIN2+ (ratio 0.96; 95% CI: 0.90–1.03), whilst maintaining equal specificity compared to cervical samples (ratio 1.00; 95% CI: 0.88–1.14). Cohen's kappa agreements of HPV outcomes between sample pairs were good to excellent at both cut‐offs (range: 0.64–0.85). Using the HPV test's adjusted cutoff for first‐void urine, no difference in clinical sensitivity or specificity was observed between first‐void urine and cervical samples. These data highlight the importance of evaluating self‐sample‐specific cut‐offs for HPV assays, previously validated on cervical samples.
Promoting Fun or Competition? Testing Interventions on Ludic and Agonistic Work Design
Authors: Walsken Jan E. , Gerpott Fabiola H. , Wallenburg Carl Marcus 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearch highlights the benefits of play‐at‐work, yet little is known about training employees to self‐initiate it. We tested two programs to train employees on designing work with elements of fun (ludic work design [LWD]) or competition (agonistic work design [AWD]). Based on self‐determination theory, we propose that enhancing LWD or AWD will positively impact work motivation. Considering literature suggesting that employees engage in mental distancing to protect resources, we further propose that employees' pretraining mental distancing limits the training's effectiveness. Using an intervention design (N = 228 employees) with two training groups (LWD and AWD) and an active control group, we found that the AWD group reported higher AWD 4 weeks after the training and that the training related to autonomous work motivation 8 weeks later through posttraining AWD. The LWD training did not increase LWD. Instead, LWD decreased after 4 weeks among employees with high pretraining mental distancing. Qualitative follow‐up analysis on these differential intervention effects indicated that AWD training participants predominantly engaged in work‐embedded and independent play, whereas LWD training participants engaged equally in work‐embedded and diversionary as well as independent and social play.
Increasingly Seasonal Jet Stream Raises Risk of Co‐Occurring Flooding and Extreme Wind in Great Britain
Authors: Hillier John K. , Bloomfield Hannah C. , Manning Colin , Garry Freya , Shaffrey Len , Bates Paul , Kumar Dhirendra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInsurers and risk managers for critical infrastructure such as transport or power networks typically do not account for flooding and extreme winds happening at the same time in their quantitative risk assessments. We explore this potentially critical underestimation of risk from these co‐occurring hazards through studying events using the regional 12 km resolution UK Climate Projections for a 1981–1999 baseline and projections of 2061–2079 (RCP8.5). We create a new wintertime (October–March) set of 3427 wind events to match an existing set of fluvial flow extremes and design innovative multi‐event episodes (Δt of 1–180 days long) that reflect how periods of adverse weather affect society (e.g., through damage). We show that the probability of co‐occurring wind‐flow episodes in Great Britain (GB) is underestimated 2–4 times if events are assumed independent. Significantly, this underestimation is greater both as severity increases and episode length reduces, highlighting the importance of considering risk from closely consecutive storms (Δt ~ 3 days) and the most severe storms. In the future (2061–2079), joint wind‐flow extremes are twice as likely as during 1981–1999. Statistical modelling demonstrates that changes may significantly exceed thermodynamic expectations of higher river flows in a wetter future climate. The largest co‐occurrence increases happen in mid‐winter (DJF) with changes in the North Atlantic jet stream an important driver; we find the jet is strengthened and squeezed into a southward‐shifted latitude window (45°–50° N) giving typical future conditions that match instances of high flows and joint extremes impacting GB today. This strongly implies that the large‐scale driving conditions (e.g., jet stream state) for a multi‐impact ‘perfect storm’ will vary by country; understanding regional drivers of weather hazards over climate timescales is vital to inform risk mitigation and planning (e.g., diversification and mutual aid across Europe).
Factors Associated With Inadequate Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Adults in Bangladesh: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Dey Rakhi , Kundu Satyajit , Khan Md. Salauddin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundUnderstanding the variables that contribute to low fruit and vegetable (FAV) intake is necessary to create effective strategies to enhance FAV consumption. However, there is a paucity of literature on this issue in Bangladesh. Therefore, we aimed to determine the factors associated with low FAV intake among adults in Bangladesh.MethodsThe World Health Organization's (WHO) 2018 STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey dataset was used that covered participants aged 18–69 years. The low FAV intake was the outcome of interest and a daily average consumption of <5 servings of FAVs (nearly 400 grams) was regarded as low FAV intake. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with low FAV consumption among Bangladeshi adults.ResultsThe prevalence of low FAV intake among Bangladeshi adults was 67.75%. In the regression analysis, factors that were found to be associated with higher odds of having low FAV were as follows: having no knowledge of recommended FAV servings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 6.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.54–8.38), no intake of daily snacks (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.19–1.85) or only once a day (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18–1.81), absence of abdominal obesity (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09–1.70), being from urban areas (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07–1.69), and Chittagong and Rangpur division. Conversely, younger individuals showed lower odds of low FAV intake than those aged 60–69.ConclusionThe findings of this study highlight the importance of increasing knowledge and awareness to have daily recommended servings to promote overall FAV intake.
Boosting X‐Ray‐Activated Persistent Luminescence in Nanoparticles Toward Highly Accurate Flexible X‐Ray Imaging and Information Security
Authors: Wei Guohui , Wang Chao , Huang Jinshu , Wei Haopeng , Zhou Bo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe X‐ray activated persistent luminescence (PersL) observed in lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles has recently attracted widespread interest in both basic research and cutting‐edge applications. However, how to realize intense, rich, and color‐tunable PersL in nanoparticles has remained a challenge. Here a conceptual strategy is reported to enhance the X‐ray‐activated PersL of nanoparticles by minimizing the hydroxyl impurities inside the host lattice. This study shows that the anhydrides/acids treatment during synthetic procedures is able to reduce the hydroxyl impurities inside fluoride nanocrystal lattice markedly, and promote the formation of Frenkel defects by moving more F− ions from their lattice sites into interstitial sites under X‐ray irradiation. A mechanism is proposed to illustrate the enhancement of PersL in hydroxyl‐minimized nanoparticles. The radioluminescence is also enhanced, and the multimode luminescence in a single nanoparticle is further obtained by the core‐shell nanostructure design with temporally tunable multi‐colors output. These findings facilitate the development of small‐size X‐ray‐activated PersL nanomaterials and provide more opportunities for their frontier applications in optical storage, information identification, and flexible optical imaging.
Protein palmitoylation: biological functions, disease, and therapeutic targets
Authors: Qian Yan‐Ran , Zhao Yu‐Jia , Zhang Feng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractProtein palmitoylation, a reversible post‐translational lipid modification, is catalyzed by the ZDHHC family of palmitoyltransferases and reversed by several acyl protein thioesterases, regulating protein localization, accumulation, secretion, and function. Neurological disorders encompass a spectrum of diseases that affect both the central and peripheral nervous system. Recently, accumulating studies have revealed that pathological protein associated with neurological diseases, such as β‐amyloid, α‐synuclein, and Huntingtin, could undergo palmitoylation, highlighting the crucial roles of protein palmitoylation in the onset and development of neurological diseases. However, few preclinical studies and clinical trials focus on the interventional strategies that target protein palmitoylation. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the emerging evidence on the role of protein palmitoylation in various neurological diseases and summarized the classification, processes, and functions of protein palmitoylation, highlighting its impact on protein stability, membrane localization, protein–protein interaction, as well as signal transduction. Furthermore, we also discussed the potential interventional strategies targeting ZDHHC proteins and elucidated their underlying pathogenic mechanisms in neurological diseases. Overall, an in‐depth understanding of the functions and significances of protein palmitoylation provide new avenues for investigating the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders.
Global Attractivity of Neoclassical Models With Sublinear Ricker‐Gamma Growth Rates and Variable Time‐Lags
Authors: Hien Le Van 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the problem of global attractivity of a neoclassical model with sublinear Ricker‐type Cobb‐Douglas growth function and variable time‐lag in the production function is investigated. By novel comparison techniques based on the fluctuation lemma and differential inequalities, the permanence property of positive solutions and global convergence to a unique positive equilibrium are established. The obtained results encompass existing ones in the literature as some special cases.
Does deciding not to participate in a lifestyle intervention for children with obesity affect the long‐term weight change?
Authors: Jørgensen Rasmus M. , Østergaard Jane N. , Fogh Mette , Taylor Rachael W. , Støvring Henrik , Bruun Jens M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate whether long‐term weight change in children with obesity is affected after deciding not to participate in a lifestyle intervention.MethodsThis observational study included 713 children (aged 5–8 years) with obesity living in Aarhus, Denmark, of whom 157 decided not to participate in a community‐based lifestyle intervention between 2010 and 2020, and 556 were never invited to participate (i.e., no‐intervention group). Height and weight measurements were combined with socioeconomic information from national registers. A mixed‐effects model with splines was used to model changes in BMI z score and stratification to investigate effect modifications.ResultsWe observed a median follow‐up of 3.6 years (quartile [Q]1;Q3: 0.4;5.1) for the decided‐not‐to‐participate group. No difference was observed in annual change in BMI z score between the decided‐not‐to‐participate and no‐intervention groups (0.00 per year, 95% CI: −0.03 to 0.03; p = 0.90). No effect modifications were observed between the two groups concerning highest completed household education (p = 0.59), household income (p = 0.72), or immigration status (p = 0.17).ConclusionsChildren deciding not to participate in an intervention did not increase their weight compared with children who were never invited, indicating that treatment could be briefly postponed until families are able to participate. Additionally, socioeconomic status or immigration background did not modify the weight change.