bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and genetic diversity of cystic echinococcosis in a non-endemic region: a one health approach
Authors: Mutwiri Titus , Magambo Japhet , Muigai Anne , Mulinge Erastus , Zeyhle Eberhard , Rogan Mike , Fèvre Eric , Falzon Laura 
Published: December 2022

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) is an endemic zoonosis in pastoral communities in Kenya. However, the spread of CE to non-endemic areas is possible due to livestock trade, dogs’ roaming behaviour and limited knowledge on CE transmission. This study determined the presence of CE in humans, the genetic variability of the parasite in livestock and the role of dogs in the establishment of lifecycle in a non-endemic region.
Methodology: Screening of human CE in Bungoma County was performed using a portable ultrasound scanner, while livestock cysts were collected during meat inspection in Busia and Bungoma slaughterhouses. Around each slaughterhouse, ten dog-keeping homesteads were selected and from each homestead a dog faecal sample was collected for microscopic examination of taeniid eggs and other helminths. Copro-ELISA was performed on the dog faecal samples for detection of E. granulosus s. l. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing were performed to genotype taeniid eggs, characterize CE livestock cysts and determine the genetic diversity of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.). Results: Out of 1002 people screened for CE; 67 (6.7%) participants had abnormal findings and, of these, 7 (1.1%) had simple liver cysts classified as CL by WHO. In livestock, E. granulosus s. s. was identified in 135/153 cysts. Eleven haplotypes for Nad1 and 19 for Cox1 gene were identified in E. granulosus s. s. Helminths detected in dogs included hookworms (n=92; 59.4%), ascarids (n=15; 9.7%), and taeniid (n=1; 0.6%). The sequences of nine (9) taeniid eggs recovered from the single taeniid positive sample identified as E. canadensis (1), T. multiceps (1) and T. serialis (6). Copro-ELISA was positive in 12/77 (15.6%) faecal samples. Conclusion: This study report for the first time E. granulosus s. s. haplotypes in livestock in East Africa and the establishment of E. granulosus s. l. and taeniids life cycle in a non-endemic region.
Mushroom: a potential anti-aging agent
Authors: Mariga Alfred 
Published: December 2022

Aging is a progressive physiological change in an organism that lead to senescence or a decline of biological functions of the organism’s ability to adapt to metabolic stress. Aging takes place in a cell, an organ, or the total organism with the passage of time. As much as this is change is natural, it can be hastened by both the biotic and abiotic factors and the organism’s inherent factors. Of these factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced by various endogenous and exogenous sources has been shown to be the most potent aging agent in organisms. Almost all organisms have antioxidant defence mechanisms. However, these are often inadequate to completely prevent oxidation stress-induced damage. Consequently, antioxidant supplements or natural foods containing antioxidants may be used to reduce oxidative damage to the human body. For example, some naturally occurring foods contain fiber, pigments (e.g. betalains, carotene, Xanthophyll, lycopene and chlorophyll) and other bioactive components all of which have been shown to be strong antioxidants. Since antiquity, mushroom, a fungus, has been part of the normal human diet and currently, the amount consumed has increased greatly, involving a large number of species, both the cultivated and the wild. The increase is due to reported health benefits which have been associated with regular mushroom consumption. The main bioactive molecules in mushroom are phenolic compounds (phenolic acid and flavonoids), tocopherols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans. These bioactive molecules have been shown to have a significant antioxidant activity which is manifested by a lower EC50 value. Pleurotus eryngii, Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes and Lentinula edodes have been shown to have a high antioxidant potential. This review will discuss ROS, their effect on biological systems and the antioxidant properties of mushrooms with special attention on some popular edible and medicinal mushrooms.
Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility of escherichia coli isolated from contaminated areas of Majengo slum in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Ombuya Jared , Gachoka Kenneth , Kagendo Dorothy , Mutea Naomi 
Published: December 2022

Background: Antimicrobial drug resistance is of great concern today. Infections by the antimicrobial resistant strains of Escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic as well as enterotoxigenic strains have been reported as major causes of deaths especially among young children in low- and middle-income countries. This has been augmented by antimicrobial misuse, over the counter availability, lack of adherence to physicians’ instructions, drug misuse in animal industry, and Poor sanitation especially in informal settlements. This has majorly resulted to organisms changing the genetic make up to survive within different environments. Such microorganisms are distributed everywhere within environments posing great risk to children, adults as well as the aged, especially in informal settlements. Main objective: This study aimed at characterizing Antimicrobial Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli Isolated from Sanitation Environments of Majengo Slum in Meru County, Kenya Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 samples from soil, water and drains swabs. These were tested against 5 antimicrobial drugs by Kirby disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial discs used included Imepenem (10μg); Ceftazidime (30μg); Cefotaxime (30μg); Cefoxitin (30μg) and Ciprofloxacin (5μg). Results: Forty-two (69%) of the samples had Escherichia coli. These recorded antimicrobial drug resistances were as follows: Cefoxitin 52.38%, Cefotaxime 42.86%, Ceftazidime 66.67%, Ciprofloxacin 61.90% and Imipenem 59.52%. Statistical analysis revealed a significance in comparison (Kruskal-Wallis tests) between the two strata. Statistic=19.87938408896494 (P 0.00052). Conclusion: This study showed that Escherichia coli isolated from Majengo is pathogenic and resistant to antibiotics. Detection of Escherichia coli pose a great risk in the spread of resistant strains in human. Recommendation: Proper sanitation and hygiene awareness practices should be provided through education to the residents of this area.
The Relationship between Resiliency and Quality of Life in Senior Undergraduate Students in Private University
Authors: Verawati Verawati , Winahyu Karina Megasari , Hakim Fauzan , Wijoyo Eriyono Budi 
Published: December 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significant impact on people worldwide, both on the health system and social life, particularly on education. This study aimed to identify the relationship between resilience and quality of life in senior undergraduate students at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study used descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection using WHOQOL-BREF and CD-RISC questionnaires have been tested for validity and reliability. The sample was 100 respondents who were taken by stratified nonrandom sampling. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation.
Results: The results revealed there is a positive and strong correlation between resiliency and quality of life.
Conclusion: Senior undergraduate students who perceived better resiliency are more likely to report a higher quality of life. It suggests that senior undergraduate students need to maintain their resilience to perceive more satisfaction in QoL during pandemic COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Resiliency; Quality of Life; Undergraduate Students
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION WITH THE MOTIVATION OF THE COMMUNITY'S WILLINGNESS TO RECEIVE THE COVID-19 VACCINE IN ANGGRASMANIS VILLAGE, SUB-DISTRICT JENAWI KARANGANYAR REGENCY
Authors: Sari Dian Nur Adkhana , Viani Dela Okta , Setyaningrum Niken , Suryati Suryati 
Published: December 2022

Abstrak

Latar Belakang : Covid-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebakan oleh SARS-Cov-2, penularan utama peneyebaran virus ini melalui droplet yang keluar saat batuk dan bersin. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk memutus mata rantai penyebaran Covid-19 yaitu melalui vaksin, vaksin bermanfaat untuk memberi perlindungan agar tidak tertular atau terhindar dari sakit berat jika terinfeksi Covid-19. Rendahnya motivasi masyarakat untuk melakukan vaksin Covid-19 karena kurangnya tingkat pengetahuan dan juga banyaknya persepsi di masyarakat yang tidak jelas kebenaranya. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi dengan motivasi kesediaan masyarakat dalam menerima vaksin Covid-19 di Desa Anggrasmanis Kecamatan Jenawi Kabupaten Karanganyar. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif (non eksperiment). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 290 orang. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Tingkat pengetahuan vaksin Covid-19, Persepsi vaksin Covid-19 dan Motivasi vaksin Covid-19. Analisa data menggunakan uji kendall’s tau. Hasil : Hasil uji kendall tau pada penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil (P) < 0,1 yaitu p value sebesar 0,000. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi dengan motivasi kesediaan masyarakat dalam menerima vaksin Covid-19 di Desa Anggrasmanis Kecamatan Jenawi Kabupaten Karanganyar . Kesimpulan : Dari hasil penelitin ini ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi dengan motivasi kesediaan masyarakat dalam menerima vaksin Covid-19 di Desa Anggrasmanis Kecamatan Jenawi Kabupaten Karanganyar.

Kata kunci : Tingkat Pengetahuan ; Persepsi ; Motivasi ; Vaksin Covid-19
RATIONALITY OF USE ACYCLOVIR IN PERMATA PERMATA CLINIC, TANGERANG SELATAN CITY, JUNE-DECEMBER 2020 PERIOD
Authors: Sayyidah Sayyidah , Aulia Gina , Kristiyowati Anis Dwi 
Published: December 2022

Abstrak
Rasionalitas Penggunaan Obat adalah pemberian obat yang mengacu tepat diagnosa, tepat indikasi, tepat obat, tepat dosis, tepat cara pemberian dan tepat lama pemberian. Dalam penggunaannya acyclovir merupakan obat sintetik jenis analog nukleosida purin. Sifat antivirus acyclovir terbatas pada kelompok virus herpes serta mekanisme kerja diambil secara selektif Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Umur pasien, Jenis Kelamin, Diagnosa Dokter, Jenis Sediaan Obat Acyclovir, Rasionalitas resep obat acyclovir berdasarkan ketepatan diagnosa, ketepatan indikasi, ketepatan obat, ketepatan dosis, ketepatan cara pemberian, dan ketepatan lama pemberian. Desain penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskritif, yaitu penelitian dengan melakukan observasi terhadap data-data yang sudah tersedia. Data diperoleh dari rekam medik dengan menggunakan metode retrospektif dan total sampling. Sampel penelitian ada 80 yang diambil dari bulan Juni-Desember 2020 yang akan dianalisis secara untuk menjelaskan rasionalitas penggunaan obat acyclovir. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari Klinik Insan Permata pasien yang menggunakan obat acyclovir berdominan pada laki-laki yaitu dengan pasien 50 dengan presentase 62,5% sedangkan pada perempuan sekitar 30 pasien dengan presentase 37,5%.Pasien yang menggunakan obat acyclovir dialami oleh pasien anak-anak yaitu umur 6-17 tahun dengan 29 pasien untuk presentase terdapat 0,03625%. Hal ini seuai dengan teori infeksi virus sering terjadi lebih berat di usia balita dan anak-anak dibandingkan usia dewasa. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena sistem imun yang belum matang pada usia muda.

Kata Kunci: Acyclovir; Antivirus; Rasional
Clinical Validation of Artificial Intelligence–Augmented Pathology Diagnosis Demonstrates Significant Gains in Diagnostic Accuracy in Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Raciti Patricia , Sue Jillian , Retamero Juan A. , Ceballos Rodrigo , Godrich Ran , Kunz Jeremy D. , Casson Adam , Thiagarajan Dilip , Ebrahimzadeh Zahra , Viret Julian , Lee Donghun , Schüffler Peter J. , DeMuth George , Gulturk Emre , Kanan Christopher , Rothrock Brandon , Reis-Filho Jorge , Klimstra David S. , Reuter Victor , Fuchs Thomas J. 
Published: December 2022

Context.—
Prostate cancer diagnosis rests on accurate assessment of tissue by a pathologist. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to digitized whole slide images (WSIs) can aid pathologists in cancer diagnosis, but robust, diverse evidence in a simulated clinical setting is lacking.

Objective.—
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of pathologists reading WSIs of prostatic biopsy specimens with and without AI assistance.

Design.—
Eighteen pathologists, 2 of whom were genitourinary subspecialists, evaluated 610 prostate needle core biopsy WSIs prepared at 218 institutions, with the option for deferral. Two evaluations were performed sequentially for each WSI: initially without assistance, and immediately thereafter aided by Paige Prostate (PaPr), a deep learning–based system that provides a WSI-level binary classification of suspicious for cancer or benign and pinpoints the location that has the greatest probability of harboring cancer on suspicious WSIs. Pathologists’ changes in sensitivity and specificity between the assisted and unassisted modalities were assessed, together with the impact of PaPr output on the assisted reads.

Results.—
Using PaPr, pathologists improved their sensitivity and specificity across all histologic grades and tumor sizes. Accuracy gains on both benign and cancerous WSIs could be attributed to PaPr, which correctly classified 100% of the WSIs showing corrected diagnoses in the PaPr-assisted phase.

Conclusions.—
This study demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of an AI tool for pathologists in simulated diagnostic practice, bridging the gap between computational pathology research and its clinical application, and resulted in the first US Food and Drug Administration authorization of an AI system in pathology.
El deber constitucional de compensar cargas públicas injustificadamente desiguales
Authors: Arancibia Mattar Jaime 
Published: December 2022

Este trabajo pretende contribuir al desarrollo dogmático del deber compensatorio de la desigualdad ante las cargas públicas como correlato o efecto directo de la garantía constitucional homónima. Para tal efecto, procura contradecir las razones jurídicas en las que se funda la omisión compensatoria en ciertas hipótesis del derecho nacional y proponer un listado de hipótesis o casos objetivos en que debe operar la restauración de la simetría perdida.Entre las características del deber compensatorio de cargas públicas asimétricas, cabe destacar que: a) la carga desigual satisface un interés público; b) la desigualdad que motiva la compensación es injustificada; c) la compensación sólo se extiende al daño patrimonial efectivamente causado; y d) la inexistencia u omisión de ejercicio de poderes compensatorios no empece al sujeto gravado sino sólo produce la mutación del título resarcitorio desde la igualdad distributiva hacia la responsabilidad del Estado por daño de interés público no compensado.Si bien el precepto constitucional sobre igualdad de las cargas públicas no consagra la responsabilidad del Estado por gravámenes desiguales, garantiza un deber estatal compensatorio cuya infracción da origen —recién entonces— a la responsabilidad del Estado (arts. 6 y 7 de la Constitución).La regulación de potestades compensatorias específicas no significa que la garantía constitucional requiere de estas para su operatividad. El deber compensatorio emana directamente de la garantía constitucional. La razón de su regulación explícita obedece a la necesidad de incorporar mayores precisiones normativas ante casos particulares. Por tanto, el deber de pago procede incluso ante la ausencia de poderes compensatorios específicos, sólo que bajo la modalidad de responsabilidad del Estado por omisión de pago.La igualdad formal en la imposición de un gravamen público puede configurar igualmente una desigualdad material de aquellos sujetos que han visto frustradas sus confianzas legítimas por la introducción de la carga. Asimismo, la indeterminación parcial de la obligación compensatoria del artículo 19 Nº. 20 tampoco obsta a su exigibilidad, cuando el deber de fijación corresponde al deudor estatal.
Las cargas públicas injustificadamente desiguales pueden ser impuestas mediante potestades diversas. Corresponden, inter alia, a actos estatales de interés público que obligan a un sujeto de buena fe a dar o hacer algo en ejercicio de una función; o a soportar la privación o limitación especial de la propiedad sobre bienes corporales o incorporales, la frustración de expectativas favorables protegidas, la reiteración de un procedimiento de gravamen, y la mayor onerosidad del deber legal por hechos imprevisibles e inimputables a las partes.
Epidemiology and risk factors for acquiring and predicting disease severity in meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: Singh R , Adhikiri M , Tinarwo P , Jeena P 
Published: December 2022

Background. Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) occurs in approximately 5% of babies born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Risk factors associated with severity of MAS in neonates from developing countries has been infrequently described.
Objective. To identify incidence and risk factors associated with the severity of MAS in a lower middle-income country.
Method. A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted on records of neonates diagnosed with MAS at four regional hospitals in the eThekwini district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017.
Results. A total of 187 neonates had been diagnosed with MAS, of whom 157 survived. The overall incidence of MAS was 2 per 1 000 live births. All the neonates were born through thick meconium. The majority (n=119, 63.6%) of patients were male. Asphyxia was documented in 97 cases (51.9%) and was significantly associated with severe disease (p<0.001). Seizures were noted in 91patients (48.7%), of which 86 (94.5%) occurred in neonates with asphyxia. A quarter of the sample (n=47, 25%) were outborn, with severe disease associated significantly with this group (p=0.025). Multiple logistic regression showed that the occurrence of seizures was significantly associated with severe MAS, (adjusted odds ratio = 23.7, 95% confidence interval 7.58 - 97.7; p<0.001).
Conclusion. Neonates born through thick meconium, with moderate to severe asphyxia that is associated with seizures are at increased risk of developing severe MAS. Close monitoring of labour in the intrapartum period, early recognition of fetal distress and timely obstetric intervention are crucial to prevent asphyxia.
Om å reise nordover til Hiddensee, «Dem letzen ord der freiheit innerhalb der grenzen»
Authors: Bordemann Suzanne 
Published: December 2022

Året er 1989, bare få måneder før Den tyske demokratiske republikk (DDR) går i oppløsning. I Lutz Seilers prisbelønte roman Kruso (2014, norsk 2015) utspiller handlingen seg på den legendariske baltiske øya Hiddensee. Mange som har lidd skipbrudd innenfor systemet har reist til Hiddensee. Boken forteller om en gruppe intellektuelle og dissidenter på den østtyske ferieøya helt i utkanten av landet. I denne artikkelen ser jeg nærmere på noen av romanens tallrike motiver fra reiselitteraturgenren. Romanen Kruso benytter seg av ulike reisemotiver knyttet til robinsonaden for å skildre en avsidesliggende østtysk øy som et magisk sted der DDRs flyktninger kunne frigjøre seg fra vareøkonomiens fristelser og dermed bli resistent mot tanken på å prøve seg på et livsfarlig fluktforsøk over Østersjøen til Møn, det vil si Vesten. Bokens helt Kruso proklamerer en allmenn humanitet, der naturen på Hiddensee gir mennesket mulighet til å vokse. Kruso ser på friheten som en oppgave, og naturen fungerer som veileder.
Nutritional Quality of Sempol with Different Meat Variants
Authors: Syah Abd. Ghafur , Radiati Lilik Eka , Susilo Agus 
Published: December 2022

Aims: This study aimed to examine the effect of different types of meat on the chemical and organoleptic properties of sempol.
Study Design and Methodology: It employed an experimental method with Fully Randomized Design (FRD) in three treatments, each of which was applied to DA (chicken), DS (beef), and DK (lamb), and repeated four times each. The observed variables were chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content), organoleptic quality (taste, aroma, texture, and color), microstructure, and element composition of sempol.
Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted in March - April 2022 at West Waru, Pamekasan for sempol production, Nutrition Laboratory of UMM for testing the chemical content, Bioscience Laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya for SEM testing.
Results: The study provided a significant effect (p<0.05) on the physicochemical composition except fat and protein (p>0.05), due to the physicochemical content of the meat used. The average physicochemical value of moisture was 58.22%, ash 3.06%, fat 23.76%, protein 10.81%, and carbohydrate 35.38%. The physicochemical content of sempol meets Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 2014 except for fat and carbohydrate. Based on sensory properties, panelists preferred sempol with chicken. The use of different types of meat in sempol did not provide a significant effect (p>0.05) on organoleptic taste, aroma, and texture, except color. Meanwhile, the microstructure of sempol beef has a better shape. The cavity surface tissue forms more uniformly and creates a fibrous three-dimensional metric compared to that of chicken and lamb. Some of the elements detected in sempol beef were carbon (C), oxygen (O), sodium (Na), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), and zirconium (Zr). The most complete chemical elements was detected only in sempol lamb.
Conclusion: The use of different types of meat affects moisture, ash, and carbohydrate content, yet it does not affect protein and fat content. The organoleptic qualities of texture, taste, color and aroma are accepted by the panelists.