bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN ALGORITMA VIGENERE CIPHER SEBAGAI KEAMANAN SISTEM PADA USAHA KECIL MENENGAH
Authors: Habibie Alief Fathul , Zahary Fahmi , Lubis Muara Nataryda , Nasution Mardiah 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak— Perkembangan teknologi saat ini dan segala aktivitas manusia sangat bergantung pada kemajuan teknologi. Setiap aspek kehidupan modern diwujudkan secara digital. Hal ini berimplikasi pada pertumbuhan data dan informasi yang terus meningkat. Di Indonesia, kriptografi juga dikenal sebagai bagian dari pengkodean, yang secara bahasa mengacu pada seni melindungi data dan informasi dari pihak yang tidak diinginkan selama dalam perjalanan dan penyimpanan. Oleh karena itu, karena masalah keamanan dan kerahasiaan informasi sangat penting dalam suatu organisasi atau individu, maka diperlukan prosedur untuk menjaga dan melindungi kerahasiaan data informasi tersebut. Tentu saja, orang yang tidak berwenang tidak dapat melihat atau mengumpulkan informasi yang sangat penting ini. Badan Pusat Statistik membuat perbedaan sistematis tentang usaha rumah tangga , usaha bisnis kecil, menengah, dan besar berdasarkan jumlah tenaga kerja yang ada didalamnya. Ada beberapa aplikasi kriptografi yang mungkin diterapkan dalam lingkungan Bisnis kecil menengah tersebut diantaranya sudah dapat diterapkan seperti mengenkripsi pada password, file, dan email.Kata Kunci: Keamanan, Kriptografi, Usaha Kecil Menengah, vigenere cipher.Abstract— Current technological developments and all human activities depend heavily on technological advances. Every aspect of modern life is realized digitally. This has implications for the growth of data and information that continues to increase. In Indonesia, cryptography is also known as part of coding, which linguistically refers to the art of protecting data and information from unwanted parties during transit and storage. Therefore, because the issue of security and confidentiality of information is very important in an organization or individual, procedures are needed to maintain and protect the confidentiality of the information data. Of course, non-masters cannot see or gather this vital information. The Central Statistics Agency makes systematic distinctions between household businesses, and small, medium, and large businesses based on the number of workers in them. There are several cryptographic applications that might be applied in this small and medium business environment, some of which can already be applied, such as encrypting passwords, files, and e-mails.Keywords - Security, Cryptography, Small and Medium Enterprises, vigenere cipher.
TRUONG VINH KY – FROM THE MANAGER OF THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE PRESS TO THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL JOURNALIST OF VIETNAM / TRƯƠNG VĨNH KÝ – TỪ NHÀ QUẢN LÝ BÁO CHÍ QUỐC NGỮ TRONG NƯỚC ĐẾN NHÀ BÁO QUỐC TẾ ĐẦU TIÊN CỦA VIỆT NAM
Authors: Oanh Nguyen Thi Kieu 
Published: January 2023

Truong Vinh Ky was a famous scholar in Vietnam in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He knows many languages (Latin, English, French, Indian, Indonesian, Chinese, Nom, Quoc Ngu) and works creatively in many different fields: politics, culture, literature, languages. In journalism, he is considered to have laid the first foundations for the Vietnamese national language press at the end of the 19th century as a press manager and private national language newspaper owner and journalist who directly create journalistic works. In particular, he is not only active in the domestic press, but also participates in writing articles in French magazines. This article uses research methods: biographical method, statistical method - classification, analysis method - synthesis, method of synchronism - chronology, method of content analysis, and interdisciplinary research method to clearly show Truong Vinh Ky's contributions to the following roles: the manager of the first national newspaper in the country, the owner of the first private national newspaper, an international journalist of Vietnam at the end of the 19th century. Thereby, showing the merit and stature of Truong Vinh Ky for the history of journalism and the history of the Vietnamese people.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0267/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF NETWORKING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Authors: Saula B. K. , Akinlabi B. H. , Onu C. A. 
Published: January 2023

This study was on the networking and organisational performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The purpose was to determine how networking capability influences organisational performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The design of the study was a survey and the population was 2,413 low, medium, and senior-level managers of five selected deposit money banks in Nigeria licensed by Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for commercial banking. The sample was 463 determined using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula in addition to an attrition rate of 40%. The study used the stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Primary data were collected using the structured validated questionnaire from the specified units of measurement with instruments assessed for reliability using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Results demonstrated all constructs to be highly reliable, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.783 to 0.842. The response rate was 86.9%. Data collected were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The finding revealed that networking through ATMs, branches, phones, and the Internet as introduced by Nigerian deposit money banks improved organisational performance (β = 0.139, t = 3.281, p &lt; 0.05). The study recommended that It is also recommended that executive management should spend more on current technology and financial innovation. This will improve bank efficiency and cut expenses. Through financial innovations, the bank may expand its products and services, improving sales and bank performance.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0130/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
FACTORS THAT IMPACT GREEN PRODUCT PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR OF MALAYSIAN SHOPPERS
Authors: Sarvanan Menaga , Safian Nur Hidayah Binti , Yusoff Mohamad Lutfi Bin Mohd , Surasubramaniam Eswaraj , Mahbob Nur Nadiah , Kanapathipillai Kumaran 
Published: January 2023

Today, the rapid development of technology has caused both positive and negative effects and environmental changes. While enjoying the convenience provided by technology, people should have the right mindset in keeping and protecting their environment healthy. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that impact the green product purchase behaviour of Malaysian shoppers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Five independent variables were used in this research project to identify the factors that influence working consumers’ purchasing behaviour toward green products: social influences, environmental attitudes, environmental concern, and perceived effectiveness of environmental problems and perceived effectiveness of environmental behaviour. Six hundred consumers are the solely targeted respondents in this study. It is found that there are no significant differences for the gender and race variables, whereas the monthly income variable found a significant difference. In addition, the study findings also discovered a significant relationship between the factors influencing consumers’ purchasing behaviour towards green products. Consequently, these research findings have provided insights and feedback to businesses facing many challenges in convincing consumers to purchase green products. By gathering this information, marketers can understand the route that shifts the environmental factors to green purchase behaviour. They also would be able to formulate their various strategies to effectively attract more consumers to purchase green products.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0103/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
NON-TEACHING STAFF’S PARTICIPATION IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY
Authors: Anane Mabel 
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study was to discover the extent to which the Ghana Education Service (GES) ensures continuous upgrading of the competencies of the non-teaching staff of the service. The study was conducted in senior high schools in a district in the Central region of Ghana. The various non-teaching staff of the senior high schools constituted the population of the study. The study followed the qualitative approach using exploratory design to guide the conduct of the study. The interview guide was the main instrument used to generate data from the study participants. The study disclosed that the non-teaching staff of GES do attend training and development programmes, although not enough. The training and development programmes they attend mainly take the form of workshops. The participants indicated that the few training and development programmes they have attended have been beneficial to them and their service delivery. They, however, expressed some concerns with the programmes they attend which when addressed would help a lot. The study, therefore, recommends that GES should endeavour to regularly offer training and development programmes to the non-teaching staff of the senior high schools to help them upgrade their knowledge and skills to make them more effective in their service delivery.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0251/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI MEDIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Siregar Asrul 
Published: January 2023

Dalam perkembangan teknologi informatika dan komunikasi berbagai media visual dijadikan sebagai media pendidikan termasuk Media Sosial. Pemanfaatan jejaring sosial untuk kepentingan belajar mengajar memang belum banyak yang mempraktekkannya. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan media sosial sebagai media pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode literatur yakni menggunakan studi kepustakaan dari berbagai sumber pustaka yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan media pendidikan yaitu dengan memanfaatkan akun yang ada seperti youtube, facebook, twitter dan berbagai akun lainnya yang bisa mengatasi kesulitan belajar disekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara tidak langsung para siswa banyak memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai media pembelajaran terutama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajaran dalam rangka menambah referensi dan menjadi sarana memperoleh kebutuhan pembelajaran dalam berbagai tugas-tugas pada materi pelajaran yang diajarkan di sekolah.
Determination of life background and academic integrity on academic cheating behavior (Case Study of Economic Education Student’s, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Lambung Mangkurat University)
Authors: Martodiryo Suratno , Siahaan Larisma Valentyna , Setiti Sri 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the level of life background and academic integrity possessed by students and their determination of academic cheating behavior.
This research is a quantitative study with a correlational design using survey methods. The questionnaire met the validity test with a KMO value of 0.736. The instrument was declared are reliable with a value of 0.863 for the life background, 0.830 for the academic integrity and 0.752 for the academic cheating behavior.
Academic cheating behavior that is most often done by students is cheating; students who classified as high cheating behavior as much as 54.5%. Academic Integrity after being controlled by Life Background has a regression coefficient on Academic Cheating Behavior of ry2-1=0.66 with a determination of 43.9%. The correlation coefficient between life background and academic integrity is r12=0.56; p <0.01. The value of the correlation coefficient between academic integrity variables on cheating behavior is ry2 = -0.60; p <0.01. The highest contribution was found in the variable Trust, a simple correlation was ry2 = -0.64; p <0.01, a partial correlation was ry1-2 = -0.51 with a determinant of 25.7%. The correlation coefficient between life background and academic cheating is ry1 = -0.571; p <0.01. The indicator that gave the highest contribution was Peers with a value of ry = -0.56; p <0.01.
IN-VITRO STUDY OF Α- GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS
Authors: Thaker Khushali , Patoliya Jaimini , Rabadiya Khushbu , Dholakia Zankruti , Joshi Rushikesh 
Published: January 2023

The increasing population of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the world has always been concerned by physicians and scientists due to its life-threatening effects including heart diseases and premature death. Out of them, nearly 90-95% population is having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterised by insulin resistance. The available treatments for T2DM includes inhibition of α- glucosidase present on the brush border of human intestine that controls post-prandial hyperglycaemia by slower the releasing of glucose in the blood. Adverse effects of the available α- glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) such as abdominal discomfort and hypoglycaemia has prompted a search for the newer AGIs from natural compounds. The impact of various plant extracts on the management of medical disorders has recently aroused curiosity of researchers. Alstonia scholaris has set its hight reputation in ethnopharmacological world for treating major health issues including skin carcinoma, lung cancer and also T2DM. Though some research supports the antidiabetic activity of the plant, the mode of action responsible for it has yet to be discovered. At the same time, Catharanthus roseus has also been proved to be effective in diabetic conditions but in vitro study of antidiabetic activity of the plant is yet to be encountered. The presented study investigated different extracts of A. scholaris and C. roseus on α- glucosidase isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The presented research not only gives in-vitro proves of the plants as AGIs but also open ups new pathways in understanding the secondary metabolites as inhibitors.
Implementing Competence-Based Advanced Level Human Geography Framework at One High School in Zimbabwe During The Covid 19 Era
Authors: Tawanda Shonhiwa , Pinias Chikuvadze 
Published: January 2023

This paper sought to gain insight into the implementation of the new Competence-Based Advanced Level Human Geography framework during COVID-19 era. The methodological lens comprised of the interpretivist paradigm and qualitative approach guided the data sourcing and analysis. The sample was made up of thirty Advanced Level Geography students and six teachers selected through snowballing. Data sourced through the literature method and personal interview were analyzed according to emerging themes. Findings acknowledged the existence of policies enabled the creation of safe learning environments during the COVID-19 era. The implementation of the new framework during the COVID-19 era was grounded in student-centred approach augmented by e-learning platforms. However, during this era some challenges were encountered in the implementation of the new framework. In conclusion through the implementation of the new framework during the COVID-19 era learning activities shifted from the traditional face-to-face to online student-centered interactions. It’s recommended that through partnerships schools can invest heavily in ICTs for smooth operations amidst disasters
The effect of ash, water vapor, and heterogeneous chemistry on the evolution of a Pinatubo-size volcanic cloud
Authors: Abdelkader Mohamed , Stenchikov Georgiy , Pozzer Andrea , Tost Holger , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We employ the ECHAM5/MESSy2 atmospheric chemistry general circulation model (EMAC) that incorporates calculations of gas-phase and heterogeneous chemistry coupled
with the ozone cycle and aerosol formation, transport, and microphysics to calculate the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic cloud. We considered simultaneous
injections of SO2, volcanic ash, and water vapor. We conducted multiple ensemble simulations with different injection configurations to test
the evolution of SO2, SO42-, ash masses, stratospheric aerosol optical depth, surface area density (SAD), and the stratospheric
temperature response against available observations. We found that the volcanic cloud evolution is sensitive to the altitude where volcanic debris
is initially injected and the initial concentrations of the eruption products that affect radiative heating and lofting of the volcanic cloud. The
numerical experiments with the injection of 12 Mt SO2, 75 Mt of volcanic ash, and 150 Mt of water vapor at
20 km show the best agreement with the observation aerosol optical depth and stratospheric temperature response. Volcanic water injected
by eruptive jet and/or intruding through the tropopause accelerates SO2 oxidation. But the mass of volcanic water retained in the
stratosphere is controlled by the stratospheric temperature at the injection level. For example, if volcanic materials are released in the cold point above
the tropical tropopause, most of the injected water freezes and sediments as ice crystals. The water vapor directly injected into the volcanic cloud
increases the SO42- mass and stratospheric aerosol optical depth by about 5 %. The coarse ash comprises 98 % of the ash injected
mass. It sediments within a few days, but aged submicron ash could stay in the stratosphere for a few months providing SAD for heterogeneous
chemistry. The presence of ash accelerates the SO2 oxidation by 10 %–20 % due to heterogeneous chemistry, radiative heating,
lofting, and faster dispersion of volcanic debris. Ash aging affects its lifetime and optical properties, almost doubling the ash radiative
heating. The 2.5-year simulations show that the stratospheric temperature anomalies forced by radiative heating of volcanic debris in our
experiments with the 20 km injection height agree well with observations and reanalysis data. This indicates that the model captures the
long-term evolution and climate effect of the Pinatubo volcanic cloud. The volcanic cloud's initial lofting, facilitated by ash particles' radiative
heating, controls the oxidation rate of SO2. Ash accelerates the formation of the sulfate layer in the first 2 months after the
eruption. We also found that the interactive calculations of OH and heterogeneous chemistry increase the volcanic cloud sensitivity to water
vapor and ash injections. All those factors must be accounted for in modeling the impact of large-scale volcanic injections on climate and
stratospheric chemistry.
No changes in overall AMOC strength in interglacial PMIP4 time slices
Authors: Jiang Zhiyi , Brierley Chris , Thornalley David , Sax Sophie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key mechanism of poleward heat transport and an important part of the global climate system. How it responded to past changes in forcing, such as those experienced during Quaternary interglacials, is an intriguing and open question. Previous modelling studies suggest an enhanced AMOC in the mid-Holocene compared to the preindustrial period. In earlier simulations from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), this arose from feedbacks between sea ice and AMOC changes, which were dependent on resolution. Here we present an initial analysis of recently available PMIP4 simulations for three experiments representing different interglacial conditions – one 127 000 years ago within the Last Interglacial (127 ka, called lig127k), one in the middle of the Holocene (midHolocene, 6 ka), and a preindustrial control simulation (piControl, 1850 CE). Both lig127k and midHolocene have altered orbital configurations compared to piControl. The ensemble mean of the PMIP4 models shows the strength of the AMOC does not markedly change between the midHolocene and piControl experiments or between the lig127k and piControl experiments. Therefore, it appears orbital forcing itself does not alter the overall AMOC. We further investigate the coherency of the forced response in AMOC across the two interglacials, along with the strength of the signal, using eight PMIP4 models which performed both interglacial experiments. Only two models show a stronger change with the stronger forcing, but those models disagree on the direction of the change. We propose that the strong signals in these two models are caused by a combination of forcing and the internal variability. After investigating the AMOC changes in the interglacials, we further explored the impact of AMOC on the climate system, especially on the changes in the simulated surface temperature and precipitation. After identifying the AMOC's fingerprint on the surface temperature and rainfall, we demonstrate that only a small percentage of the simulated surface climate changes could be attributed to the AMOC. Proxy records of sedimentary Pa/Th ratio during the two interglacial periods both show a similar AMOC strength compared to the preindustrial, which fits nicely with the simulated results. Although the overall AMOC strength shows minimal changes, future work is required to explore whether this occurs through compensating variations in the different components of AMOC (such as Iceland–Scotland overflow water). This line of evidence cautions against interpreting reconstructions of past interglacial climate as being driven by AMOC, outside of abrupt events.
Advancing measurements and representations of subsurface heterogeneity and dynamic processes: towards 4D hydrogeology
Authors: Hermans Thomas , Goderniaux Pascal , Jougnot Damien , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Brunner Philip , Nguyen Frédéric , Linde Niklas , Huisman Johan Alexander , Bour Olivier , Lopez Alvis Jorge , Hoffmann Richard , Palacios Andrea , Cooke Anne-Karin , Pardo-Álvarez Álvaro , Blazevic Lara , Pouladi Behzad , Haruzi Peleg , Fernandez Visentini Alejandro , Nogueira Guilherme E. H. , Tirado-Conde Joel , Looms Majken C. , Kenshilikova Meruyert , Davy Philippe , Le Borgne Tanguy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Essentially all hydrogeological processes are strongly influenced by the subsurface spatial heterogeneity and the temporal variation of environmental conditions, hydraulic properties, and solute concentrations. This spatial and temporal variability generally leads to effective behaviors and emerging phenomena that cannot be predicted from conventional approaches based on homogeneous assumptions and models. However, it is not always clear when, why, how, and at what scale the 4D (3D + time) nature of the subsurface needs to be considered in hydrogeological monitoring, modeling, and applications. In this paper, we discuss the interest and potential for the monitoring and characterization of spatial and temporal variability, including 4D imaging, in a series of hydrogeological processes: (1) groundwater fluxes, (2) solute transport and reaction, (3) vadose zone dynamics, and (4) surface–subsurface water interactions. We first identify the main challenges related to the coupling of spatial and temporal fluctuations for these processes. We then highlight recent innovations that have led to significant breakthroughs in high-resolution space–time imaging and modeling the characterization, monitoring, and modeling of these spatial and temporal fluctuations. We finally propose a classification of processes and applications at different scales according to their need and potential for high-resolution space–time imaging. We thus advocate a more systematic characterization of the dynamic and 3D nature of the subsurface for a series of critical processes and emerging applications. This calls for the validation of 4D imaging techniques at highly instrumented observatories and the harmonization of open databases to share hydrogeological data sets in their 4D components.