bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two almost‐forgotten Trypanites ichnospecies names for the most common Palaeozoic macroboring
Authors: Knaust Dirk , Dronov Andrei V. , Toom Ursula 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTrypanites is the most common macroboring with a global occurrence throughout the Phanerozoic and is the eponym of the Trypanites ichnofacies. It has great value for the recognition of discontinuity and hiatal surfaces on top of carbonate hardgrounds. Four ichnospecies of this ichnogenus are currently regarded as valid, while a characteristic fifth form from the early Palaeozoic is frequently reported in open nomenclature. The latter commonly occurs in lithic hardgrounds and skeletal hard substrates (such as stromatoporoids, bryozoans and corals) in Ordovician and Silurian carbonates of the Baltic region. A review of the old literature found that this ichnospecies has previously been introduced twice, as Trypanites sozialis Eisenack from a Silurian erratic boulder found on the Sambia Peninsula near Kaliningrad (now Russia), and as T. keilaensis Orviku from the Ordovician of Estonia. Both ichnospecies became forgotten names for unknown reasons. A morphometric analysis of the type material and topotype specimens indicates gradational transitions between both ichnospecies, rendering T. sozialis as the senior synonym of T. keilaensis. A lectotype from the type series of both ichnospecies is defined and additional material from Ordovician and Silurian carbonates of Estonia and Russia is described and illustrated to show the morphological and morphometric variation of this important bioerosion trace fossil. To enable interspecies comparison, a lectotype of the type ichnospecies of Trypanites, T. weisei Mägdefrau, is selected. Trypanites sozialis is a common boring in Cambrian to Devonian hardgrounds and occurs on the palaeocontinents of Baltica, Laurentia and Gondwana.
Intelligent Identification Method of Hydrophobic Grade of Composite Insulator Based on Efficient GA‐YOLO Former Network
Authors: Song Zhiwei , Huang Xinbo , Ji Chao , Zhang Ye 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe hydrophobia of composite insulators is a parameter closely related to insulation performance. As an essential index to measure the pollution flashover resistance of composite insulators, the hydrophobic grade is of great significance to maintaining transmission line insulators. To judge the hydrophobic grade of composite insulators accurately and efficiently and to solve the problem of difficult extraction of fine‐grained feature information and high similarity between classes in the data sets of anti‐hydrophobic grade recognition, an end‐to‐end intelligent identification method of the hydrophobic grade of composite insulators based on Efficient GA‐YOLO Former network is proposed. This method introduces Swin Transformer—a multi‐head self‐attention mechanism with shifted windows, into CNN, which helps the model better understand the multi‐scale global semantic information of images through cross‐layer interaction. The efficient BiFPN structure is introduced in the neck part to realize the bidirectional cross‐scale connection and weighted feature fusion in the feature extraction process. By integrating the GAM attention mechanism to amplify the significant cross‐dimensional acceptance region, the model can learn more subtle details that are more difficult to distinguish, improving model efficiency and detection accuracy. Combined with the target detection algorithm, a system for evaluating the hydrophobic grade of composite insulators on transmission lines is designed, which can realize the real‐time measurement of the hydrophobic grade of composite insulators and has practical engineering application value. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Environmental justice and drinking water: A critical review of primary data studies
Authors: Karasaki Seigi , Goddard Jessica J. , Cohen Alasdair , Ray Isha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThough safe drinking water for all is a global public health goal, disparities in access persist worldwide. We present a critical review of primary‐data based environmental justice (EJ) studies on drinking water. We examine their findings in relation to the broader EJ and drinking water literatures. Using pre‐specified protocols to screen 2423 records, we identified 33 studies for inclusion. We organized our results using the following questions: (1) what sampling and data collection methods are used; (2) how is (un)just access to water defined and measured; (3) what forms of environmental injustice are discussed; (4) how are affected communities resisting or coping; and (5) what, if any, mechanisms of redress are advocated? We find that while many studies analyze the causes and persistence of environmental injustices, most primary‐data studies on drinking water are cross‐sectional in design. Many such studies are motivated by health impacts but few measure drinking water exposures or associated health outcomes. We find that, while distinct types of injustice exist, multiple types are either co‐produced or exacerbate one another. Recognitional injustice is emerging as an undergirding injustice upon which others (distributional or procedural) can take hold. Tensions remain regarding the role of the state; redress for inequitable water access is often presumed to be the state's responsibility, but many EJ scholars argue that the state itself perpetuates inequitable conditions. The accountability for redress under different forms of water governance remains an important area for future research.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Methods
Analyzing Resource Utilization in an HPC System: A Case Study of NERSC’s Perlmutter
Authors: Li Jie , Michelogiannakis George , Cook Brandon , Cooray Dulanya , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResource demands of HPC applications vary significantly. However, it is common for HPC systems to primarily assign resources on a per-node basis to prevent interference from co-located workloads. This gap between the coarse-grained resource allocation and the varying resource demands can lead to HPC resources being not fully utilized. In this study, we analyze the resource usage and application behavior of NERSC’s Perlmutter, a state-of-the-art open-science HPC system with both CPU-only and GPU-accelerated nodes. Our one-month usage analysis reveals that CPUs are commonly not fully utilized, especially for GPU-enabled jobs. Also, around 64% of both CPU and GPU-enabled jobs used 50% or less of the available host memory capacity. Additionally, about 50% of GPU-enabled jobs used up to 25% of the GPU memory, and the memory capacity was not fully utilized in some ways for all jobs. While our study comes early in Perlmutter’s lifetime thus policies and application workload may change, it provides valuable insights on performance characterization, application behavior, and motivates systems with more fine-grain resource allocation.
Efficient GPU Offloading with OpenMP for a Hyperbolic Finite Volume Solver on Dynamically Adaptive Meshes
Authors: Wille Mario , Weinzierl Tobias , Brito Gadeschi Gonzalo , Bader Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe identify and show how to overcome an OpenMP bottleneck in the administration of GPU memory. It arises for a wave equation solver on dynamically adaptive block-structured Cartesian meshes, which keeps all CPU threads busy and allows all of them to offload sets of patches to the GPU. Our studies show that multithreaded, concurrent, non-deterministic access to the GPU leads to performance breakdowns, since the GPU memory bookkeeping as offered through OpenMP’s clause, i.e., the allocation and freeing, becomes another runtime challenge besides expensive data transfer and actual computation. We, therefore, propose to retain the memory management responsibility on the host: A caching mechanism acquires memory on the accelerator for all CPU threads, keeps hold of this memory and hands it out to the offloading threads upon demand. We show that this user-managed, CPU-based memory administration helps us to overcome the GPU memory bookkeeping bottleneck and speeds up the time-to-solution of Finite Volume kernels by more than an order of magnitude.
Checkliste „Food Defense“ – ein Hilfsmittel für die Schwachstellenanalyse in Lebensmittelbetrieben
Authors: Bischoff Carolin , Buschulte Anja , Rau Jörg 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungKonzepte über Food Defense (Lebensmittel-Produktschutz) sollen Lebensmittel vor mutwilligen Kontaminationen schützen. Aufgrund von Zertifizierungsanforderungen oder Exportregularien besteht auch ohne nationale oder europäische Rechtsvorgaben zu Food Defense für viele deutsche Lebensmittelunternehmen die Notwendigkeit zur Einführung eines entsprechenden Konzepts. Dennoch wird das Thema in der Lebensmittelwirtschaft und -kontrolle bislang nicht angemessen beachtet. Eine Sensibilisierung der Verantwortlichen erscheint dringend erforderlich. Hilfsmittel, die in diesem Kontext einfach anzuwenden sind und Unternehmen bei der Einführung eines Food Defense-Konzepts unterstützen, sind kaum vorhanden. Die aktuell entwickelte „Checkliste Food Defense“ stellt ein einfaches und praktisches Hilfsmittel dar. Sie gewährt einen Überblick über den Stand der Präventionsmaßnahmen im Betrieb, gibt Anregungen für einen Food Defense-Maßnahmenplan und ist frei abrufbar unter https://food-defense.ua-bw.de.
Lysine deserts prevent adventitious ubiquitylation of ubiquitin-proteasome components
Authors: Kampmeyer Caroline , Grønbæk-Thygesen Martin , Oelerich Nicole , Tatham Michael H. , Cagiada Matteo , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Boomsma Wouter , Hofmann Kay , Hartmann-Petersen Rasmus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn terms of its relative frequency, lysine is a common amino acid in the human proteome. However, by bioinformatics we find hundreds of proteins that contain long and evolutionarily conserved stretches completely devoid of lysine residues. These so-called lysine deserts show a high prevalence in intrinsically disordered proteins with known or predicted functions within the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), including many E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases and UBL domain proteasome substrate shuttles, such as BAG6, RAD23A, UBQLN1 and UBQLN2. We show that introduction of lysine residues into the deserts leads to a striking increase in ubiquitylation of some of these proteins. In case of BAG6, we show that ubiquitylation is catalyzed by the E3 RNF126, while RAD23A is ubiquitylated by E6AP. Despite the elevated ubiquitylation, mutant RAD23A appears stable, but displays a partial loss of function phenotype in fission yeast. In case of UBQLN1 and BAG6, introducing lysine leads to a reduced abundance due to proteasomal degradation of the proteins. For UBQLN1 we show that arginine residues within the lysine depleted region are critical for its ability to form cytosolic speckles/inclusions. We propose that selective pressure to avoid lysine residues may be a common evolutionary mechanism to prevent unwarranted ubiquitylation and/or perhaps other lysine post-translational modifications. This may be particularly relevant for UPS components as they closely and frequently encounter the ubiquitylation machinery and are thus more susceptible to nonspecific ubiquitylation.
Neuronal progenitors of the dentate gyrus express the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor during migration in the developing human hippocampus
Authors: Hernandez-Lopez José Manuel , Hernandez-Medina Cristina , Medina-Corvalan Cristina , Rodenas Mónica , Francisca Almagro , Perez-Garcia Claudia , Echevarria Diego , Carratala Francisco , Geijo-Barrientos Emilio , Martinez Salvador 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world is due to the enormous capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to be transmitted between humans, causing a threat to global public health. It has been shown that the entry of this virus into cells is highly facilitated by the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the cell membrane. Currently, we have no precise knowledge of how this receptor expresses in the brain of human fetus and, as a consequence, we do not know how susceptible the neural cells in the developing brain are to being infected through the vertical transmission of this virus, from mother to fetus. In this work, we describe the expression of ACE2 in the human brain at 20 weeks of gestation. This stage corresponds to the period of neuronal generation, migration, and differentiation in the cerebral cortex. We describe the specific expression of ACE2 in neuronal precursors and migratory neuroblasts of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. This finding implies that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the fetal period may affect neuronal progenitor cells and alter the normal development of the brain region where memory engrams are generated. Thus, although vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in few cases, the massive infection rate of young people in terms of the new variants leads to the possibility of increasing the ratio of congenital infections and originating cognitive alterations, as well as neuronal circuit anomalies that may represent vulnerability to mental problems throughout life.
Risk of suicide and self-harm in university students entering different university programs – a national register-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Lageborn Christine Takami , Bjureberg Johan , Song Jie , Runeson Bo , Möller Jette , Ljung Rickard , Dahlin Marie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeIt is not known whether the elevated suicide risk in certain occupations, such as health care professionals, is partly attributable to a selection of individuals with prior vulnerability. We aimed to determine the risk of suicide and self-harm already in students entering different university programs.MethodsWe used national registers to identify 621,218 Swedish residents aged 18–39 years with registration for a university program 1993–2013. Outcomes were suicide and self-harm within three years. We applied logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of risk of suicide and self-harm, with the Education program category as a reference. Results were adjusted for sex, age, time period and for history of hospitalization due to mental disorder or self-harm, as a measure of previous vulnerability. In the second step, we stratified results by sex.ResultsThere was a higher risk of suicide (OR 2.4) in female nursing students and natural science students (OR 4.2) and of self-harm in female and male Nursing/Health care students (OR range 1.2 –1.7). Subcategorization into nursing students only strengthened the association with self-harm for both sexes. Prior vulnerability did not fully explain the increased risk.ConclusionThe elevated risk of suicide in nursing and health care occupations partly has its onset in vulnerability factors present before or emerging during university studies. Increased efforts in identifying and treating mental disorders and preventing self-harm in university students could be an important step in preventing future suicides.
Pairs of complementary transmission conditions for Brownian motion
Authors: Bobrowski Adam , Ratajczyk Elżbieta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFollowing our previous work on complementary boundary conditions, we write Cartesian product of two copies of a space of continuous functions on the real line as the direct sum of two subspaces that are invariant under a cosine family of operators underlying Brownian motion. Both these subspaces are formed by pairs of extensions of continuous functions: in the first subspace the form of these extensions is shaped unequivocally by the transmission conditions describing snapping out Brownian motion, in the second, it is shaped by the transmission conditions of skew Brownian motion with certain degree of stickiness. In this sense, the above transmission conditions are complementary to each other.
Interactive effect of pre-fermentative grape freezing and malolactic fermentation on the anthocyanins profile in red wines prone to colour instability
Authors: Darnal Aakriti , Poggesi Simone , Ceci Adriana Teresa , Mimmo Tanja , Boselli Emanuele , Longo Edoardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe effects of pre-fermentative freezing of red grapes from Schiava variety and co-inoculation with lactic bacteria were evaluated on the profile of anthocyans of the musts and the finished wine. Peonidin-3-glucoside is the main anthocyanin in Schiava grape musts, but it was overcome by malvidin-3-glucoside at bottling. Grape freezing increased the extraction of all anthocyanins in the musts. However, the amount of all anthocyanins except peonidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside was lower in wines from frozen grapes than in control wines. Wines obtained with co-inoculation showed higher anthocyanin content than their respective controls. Petunidin-3-(6′′-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, peonidin-3-(6′′-cis-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside and malvidin-3-(6′′-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside were dramatically affected by the interaction of the two applied factors. Colorimetric hue (H*) was strongly correlated with peonidin-3-glucoside, and spectrophotometric tint (N) with malvidin-3-glucoside. Tint also showed a positive correlation with malolactic fermentation.
Graphical abstract
Patch Materials for Pulmonary Artery Arterioplasty and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Augmentation: A Review
Authors: Schwartzman William E. , Jimenez Michael , Yates Andrew R. , Armstrong Aimee K. , Salavitabar Arash , Hor Kan K. , Hoerstrup Simon , Emmert Maximilian Y. , Shinoka Toshiharu , Carrillo Sergio A. , Breuer Christopher K. , Kelly John M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatch augmentation of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and pulmonary artery (PA) arterioplasty are relatively common procedures in the surgical treatment of patients with congenital heart disease. To date, several patch materials have been applied with no agreed upon clinical standard. Each patch type has unique performance characteristics, cost, and availability. There are limited data describing the various advantages and disadvantages of different patch materials. We performed a review of studies describing the clinical performance of various RVOT and PA patch materials and found a limited but growing body of literature. Short-term clinical performance has been reported for a multitude of patch types, but comparisons are limited by inconsistent study design and scarce histologic data. Standard clinical criteria for assessment of patch efficacy and criteria for intervention need to be applied across patch types. The field is progressing with improvements in outcomes due to newer patch technologies focused on reducing antigenicity and promoting neotissue formation which may have the ability to grow, remodel, and repair.
Clinical validation of a smartphone-based retinal camera for diabetic retinopathy screening
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana Angélica Estevão , Nakayama Luis Filipe , Zago Ribeiro Lucas , de Oliveira Talita Virgínia Fernandes , Choi Stefano Neto Jai Hyun , Neto Edgar Menezes , Cardoso Viviane Santos , Dib Sergio Atala , Melo Gustavo Barreto , Regatieri Caio Vinicius Saito , Malerbi Fernando Korn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aims
This study aims to compare the performance of a handheld fundus camera (Eyer) and standard tabletop fundus cameras (Visucam 500, Visucam 540, and Canon CR-2) for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema screening.

Methods
This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that included images from 327 individuals with diabetes. The participants underwent pharmacological mydriasis and fundus photography in two fields (macula and optic disk centered) with both strategies. All images were acquired by trained healthcare professionals, de-identified, and graded independently by two masked ophthalmologists, with a third senior ophthalmologist adjudicating in discordant cases. The International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy was used for grading, and demographic data, diabetic retinopathy classification, artifacts, and image quality were compared between devices. The tabletop senior ophthalmologist adjudication label was used as the ground truth for comparative analysis. A univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship of each independent factor in referable diabetic retinopathy.

Results
The mean age of participants was 57.03 years (SD 16.82, 9–90 years), and the mean duration of diabetes was 16.35 years (SD 9.69, 1–60 years). Age (P = .005), diabetes duration (P = .004), body mass index (P = .005), and hypertension (P < .001) were statistically different between referable and non-referable patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between male sex (OR 1.687) and hypertension (OR 3.603) with referable diabetic retinopathy. The agreement between devices for diabetic retinopathy classification was 73.18%, with a weighted kappa of 0.808 (almost perfect). The agreement for macular edema was 88.48%, with a kappa of 0.809 (almost perfect). For referable diabetic retinopathy, the agreement was 85.88%, with a kappa of 0.716 (substantial), sensitivity of 0.906, and specificity of 0.808. As for image quality, 84.02% of tabletop fundus camera images were gradable and 85.31% of the Eyer images were gradable.

Conclusions
Our study shows that the handheld retinal camera Eyer performed comparably to standard tabletop fundus cameras for diabetic retinopathy and macular edema screening. The high agreement with tabletop devices, portability, and low costs makes the handheld retinal camera a promising tool for increasing coverage of diabetic retinopathy screening programs, particularly in low-income countries. Early diagnosis and treatment have the potential to prevent avoidable blindness, and the present validation study brings evidence that supports its contribution to diabetic retinopathy early diagnosis and treatment.
Immersive virtual reality as support for the mental health of elderly women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cieślik Błażej , Juszko Karolina , Kiper Pawel , Szczepańska-Gieracha Joanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral forms of virtual reality (VR) have shown promise in treating mental disorders. However, there is a lack of research investigating the use of multicomponent immersive VR. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an immersive virtual reality (IVR) intervention that incorporated Japanese garden aesthetics, relaxation, and elements of Erickson’s psychotherapy in alleviating depression and anxiety symptoms among elderly women. Sixty women with depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Both groups received eight (twice a week for four weeks) low-intensity general fitness training sessions. The IVR group (n = 30) received eight additional VR-based relaxation sessions, whereas the control group (n = 30) received eight group relaxation. As outcome measures, the geriatric depression scale (GDS; primary) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; secondary) were administered before and after the interventions. The protocol was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov PRS database (Registration number: NCT05285501). Patients receiving IVR therapy exhibited a greater significant reduction in the GDS (adjusted mean post-difference of 4.10; 95% CI = 2.27–5.93) and HADS (2.95; 95% CI = 0.98–4.92) scores than those receiving the control intervention. In conclusion, IVR with elements of psychotherapy, relaxation, and garden aesthetics may alleviate the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms in elderly women.