bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Patient-Specific Miniplate for the Treatment of Maxillofacial Fractures—A Finite Element Study
Authors: Choudhury Sandeep , Banerjee Anik , Majumder Santanu , Chowdhury Amit Roy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFractures of the maxillofacial region are prevalent in both developed and developing nations. Maxillofacial fractures primarily occur as a result of incidents such as car crashes, physical assaults, and attacks. Although using miniplates to treat maxillofacial fractures is a widely accepted practice, the challenge lies in selecting the appropriate miniplate size that is tailored to the specific dimensions of the fracture in each patient. The study aims to evaluate and determine the most suitable design between a two-hole miniplate and a four-hole miniplate for securing a fractured mandible, with the ultimate goal of creating a customized solution for each patient. A mandible model is chosen with a diagonal length of 82 mm and created perpendicular fracture gaps measuring 1 mm to 3 mm on the left buccolingual section of the solid model. A two-hole and a four-hole miniplate are designed with different thicknesses (ranging from 1 mm to 2 mm) and gap distances (ranging from 6 mm to 12 mm). The miniplates were put together in a model of the mandible. To test their effectiveness, the combination of the mandible model and plates was subjected to various muscle forces, as well as the force of biting, using finite element analysis. At the mandible location, the four-hole miniplate implantation exhibits superior stabilization in comparison to the two-hole miniplate assembly. The miniplate's size and dimensions can be adjusted depending on the size of the fracture in the mandible, resulting in a patient-specific solution for the implantation of miniplate in the mandible.
Experimental Investigation and Machine Learning Modeling of Wear Characteristics of AZ91 Composites
Authors: Kruthiventi S. S. Harish , Ammisetti Dhanunjay Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study's primary goal is to examine the effects of wear parameters on the wear-rate (WR) of magnesium (AZ91) composites. The composites are made up of using a stir casting process with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and graphene as reinforcements. In the present work, one material factor (material type (MT)) and three tribological factors (load(L), velocity (V), and sliding distance (D)) were chosen to study their influence on the wear-rate. Taguchi technique is employed for the design of experiments, and it was observed that load (L) is the most influencing parameter on WR, followed by MT, D, and V. The optimal values of influencing parameters for WR are as follows: MT = T2, L = 10 N, V = 2 m/s, and D = 500 m. The wear mechanisms at the highest and lowest WR conditions were also studied by observing their scanning electron micrographs (SEM) on wear pin’s surface and its debris. From the SEM analysis, it was observed that abrasion, delamination, adhesion, and oxidation mechanisms were exhibited on the wear surface. Machine learning (ML) models such as artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and decision tree (DT) were used to develop an effective prediction model to predict the output responses at the corresponding input variables. Confirmation tests were conducted under optimal conditions, and the same were examined with the results of ANN, ANFIS and DT. It was noticed that the DT model exhibited higher accuracy when compared to other models considered in this study.
Overload in a Rat In Vivo Model of Synergist Ablation Induces Tendon Multiscale Structural and Functional Degeneration
Authors: Bloom Ellen T. , Lin Lily M. , Locke Ryan C. , Giordani Alyssa , Krassan Erin , Peloquin John M. , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Parreno Justin , Santare Michael H. , Killian Megan L. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTendon degeneration is typically described as an overuse injury with little distinction made between magnitude of load (overload) and number of cycles (overuse). Further, in vivo, animal models of tendon degeneration are mostly overuse models, where tendon damage is caused by a high number of load cycles. As a result, there is a lack of knowledge of how isolated overload leads to degeneration in tendons. A surgical model of synergist ablation (SynAb) overloads the target tendon, plantaris, by ablating its synergist tendon, Achilles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural and functional changes that occur following overload of plantaris tendon in a rat SynAb model. Tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) and shape changes were evaluated by longitudinal MR imaging up to 8 weeks postsurgery. Tissue-scale structural changes were evaluated by semiquantified histology and second harmonic generation microscopy. Fibril level changes were evaluated with serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). Functional changes were evaluated using tension tests at the tissue and microscale using a custom testing system allowing both video and microscopy imaging. At 8 weeks, overloaded plantaris tendons exhibited degenerative changes including increases in CSA, cell density, collagen damage area fraction (DAF), and fibril diameter, and decreases in collagen alignment, modulus, and yield stress. To interpret the differences between overload and overuse in tendon, we introduce a new framework for tendon remodeling and degeneration that differentiates between the inputs of overload and overuse. In summary, isolated overload induces multiscale degenerative structural and functional changes in plantaris tendon.
Acute Repair of Meniscus Root Tear Partially Restores Joint Displacements as Measured With Magnetic Resonance Images and Loading in a Cadaveric Porcine Knee
Authors: Meadows Kyle D. , Peloquin John M. , Markhali Milad I. , Zgonis Miltiadis H. , Schaer Thomas P. , Mauck Robert L. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The meniscus serves important load-bearing functions and protects the underlying articular cartilage. Unfortunately, meniscus tears are common and impair the ability of the meniscus to distribute loads, increasing the risk of developing osteoarthritis. Therefore, surgical repair of the meniscus is a frequently performed procedure; however, repair does not always prevent osteoarthritis. This is hypothesized to be due to altered joint loading post-injury and repair, where the functional deficit of the meniscus prevents it from performing its role of distributing forces. The objective of this study was to quantify joint kinematics in an intact joint, after a meniscus root tear, and after suture repair in cadaveric porcine knees, a frequently used in vivo model. We utilized an magnetic resonance images-compatible loading device and novel use of a T1 vibe sequence to measure meniscus and femur displacements under physiological axial loads. We found that anterior root tear led to large meniscus displacements under physiological axial loading and that suture anchor repair reduced these displacements but did not fully restore intact joint kinematics. After tear and repair, the anterior region of the meniscus moved posteriorly and medially as it was forced out of the joint space under loading, while the posterior region had small displacements as the posterior attachment acted as a hinge about which the meniscus pivoted in the axial plane. Methods from this study can be applied to assess altered joint kinematics following human knee injuries and evaluate repair strategies aimed to restore joint kinematics.
Phenotypic and genomic analysis of the hypervirulent ST22 methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
in China
Authors: Zhao Huilin , Wu Xiaocui , Wang Bingjie , Shen Li , Rao Lulin , Wang Xinyi , Zhang Jiao , Xiao Yanghua , Xu Yanlei , Yu Jingyi , Guo Yinjuan , Zhou Ying , Wan Baoshan , Wu Chunyang , Chen Liang , Yu Fangyou 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

ST22 MRSA (methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
) strains are only sporadically reported in China. Through the phylogenetic reconstruction of 30 ST22 strains from China and 480 ST22 strains from global sources, we found that the global ST22 strains can be divided into three clades (I, II, and III). The China ST22 strains were found primarily in clade II (IIb and IIc) and also in clade III, indicating that the China ST22-MRSA clones have different origins. The China subclade IIb strains (SCC
mec
Vb-t309) may evolve from the native ST22 MSSA clone, while the China IIc strains may have spread from other countries. Subclade IIc (SCC
mec
IVa-t309) strains exhibited particularly strong lethality and invasiveness in
Galleria mellonella
infection and mouse skin abscess models in comparison to USA300 and other dominant China HA-MRSA (ST5 and ST239) or CA-MRSA (ST59) strains. This study described the emergence of a highly virulent ST22 MRSA subclade and improved our insight into the molecular epidemiology of ST22 strains in China.

IMPORTANCE

ST22 is a successful hospital-associated MRSA lineage which first appeared in the United Kingdom as EMRSA-15. At present, ST22 MRSA clones are spreading rapidly around the world and even replaced other dominant clones in some regions. We placed the Chinese ST22 in the worldwide phylogeny of ST22, demonstrating a distinctive molecular epidemiology and to our knowledge, this is the first time that a novel clade of ST22 has been found in China. Among the 15 ST22 MRSA strains belonging to the novel clade, 14 ST22 SCC
mec
IVa strains from different regions carried both
pvl
and
tst
and displayed significantly higher
in vitro
and
in vivo
virulence in comparison to other clade/subclade ST22 strains as well as other common China HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA strains. The further spread of this subclade of strains could pose a serious threat to the health system in China and other regions.
Primary Care SHOPping intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention (PC-SHOP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial to reduce saturated fat intake
Authors: Piernas Carmen , Tsiountsioura Melina , Astbury Nerys M , Madigan Claire , Aveyard Paul , Jebb Susan A 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
A diet high in saturated fat (SFA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and intakes in the UK exceed dietary recommendations. The Primary Care Shopping Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (PC-SHOP) study aims to test the effect of an intervention for people with raised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol involving health professional (HP) advice alone, or in combination with personalised feedback based on nutritional analysis of grocery store loyalty card data, on SFA intake and blood lipids in comparison with no intervention.

Methods and analysis
PC-SHOP is a three-arm parallel randomised controlled trial with an allocation ratio of 1:3:3 (‘no intervention’: n=16, ‘brief support’: n=48, ‘brief support plus shopping feedback’: n=48, respectively). Participants with raised LDL will be recruited from general practitioner (GP) practices for a 3-month intervention period. In brief support, an HP will deliver a behaviourally informed 10 min consultation and provide a written self-help guide to inform and motivate people to reduce their SFA intake. In brief support plus shopping feedback, the participants will receive the same HP-led behavioural support and, based on data from their grocery store loyalty card, personalised feedback on the SFA content of their grocery shopping, identifying high SFA purchases and suggesting swaps to similar but lower SFA items.
Measurements for the primary and secondary outcomes will be collected at baseline and at follow-up (3 months). The primary outcome measure will be the between-group difference in the reduction of SFA intake between baseline and follow-up. Secondary outcomes include changes in blood lipids and SFA content of food purchases, with process measures to consider the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination
This study has been reviewed and approved by the National Health Service Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 17/SC/0168). The trial findings will be disseminated to academic and HPs through presentations at meetings and peer-reviewed journals and to the public through the media. If the intervention is effective, the results will be communicated to relevant stakeholders, including policymakers and retailers.

Trial registration number

NCT14279335; Pre-results.
Effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy in reducing sickness absence among young employees with depressive symptoms: study protocol for a large-scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kouvonen Anne , Mänty Minna , Harkko Jaakko , Sumanen Hilla , Konttinen Hanna , Lahti Jouni , Pietilainen Olli , Blomgren Jenni , Tuovinen Eevamaija , Ketonen Eeva-Leena , Stenberg Jan-Henry , Donnelly Michael , Sivertsen Børge , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Pirkola Sami , Rahkonen Ossi , Lallukka Tea 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Depression is a highly prevalent condition with typical onset in early adulthood. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is a promising cost-effective and more widely available alternative to face-to-face CBT. However, it is not known whether it can reduce sickness absence in employees showing depressive symptoms. The randomised controlled trial component of the DAQI (Depression and sickness absence in young adults: a quasi-experimental trial and web-based treatment intervention) project aims to investigate if iCBT is effective in reducing sickness absence compared with care as usual (CAU) among young employees with depressive symptoms in primary care provided in an occupational health setting.

Methods and analysis
This study will use a randomised controlled single-centre service-based trial of an existing iCBT programme (Mental Hub iCBT for Depression) to evaluate whether or not this treatment can reduce the number of sickness absence days in public sector employees aged 18–34 years who present at the occupational health service with mild depressive symptoms (score ≥9 on the Beck Depression Inventory-IA). Control participants will be offered CAU, with no constraints regarding the range of treatments. The active condition will consist of seven weekly modules of iCBT, with support from a web therapist. Primary outcome will be participants’ all-cause sickness absence as indicated in employer’s and national administrative records up to 6 months from study entry. Secondary outcomes relating to long-term sickness absence (over 11 calendar days) for mental and musculoskeletal disorders and psychotropic medication use will be obtained from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution’s administrative records; and short sickness absence spells (up to 11 calendar days) will be extracted from employer’s records. Analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.

Ethics and dissemination
The Coordinating Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa has approved the study (HUS/974/2019). The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and in publications for lay audience.

Trial registration number

NCT10877837
Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits and hospitalisation for cardiac arrest: a population-based case–crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland
Authors: Halldorsdottir Solveig , Finnbjornsdottir Ragnhildur Gudrun , Elvarsson Bjarki Thor , Gunnarsdottir Oddny Sigurborg , Gudmundsson Gunnar , Rafnsson Vilhjalmur 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the association between traffic-related ambient air pollution and emergency hospital visits for cardiac arrest.DesignCase–crossover design was used with a lag time to 4 days.SettingThe Reykjavik capital area and the study population was the inhabitants 18 years and older identified by encrypted personal identification numbers and zip codes.Participants and exposureCases were those with emergency visits to Landspitali University Hospital during the period 2006–2017 and who were given the primary discharge diagnosis of cardiac arrest according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) code I46. The pollutants were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM10), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) with adjustment for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), temperature and relative humidity.Main outcome measureOR and 95% CIs per 10 µg/m3increase in concentration of pollutants.ResultsThe 24-hour mean NO2was 20.7 µg/m3, mean PM10was 20.5 µg/m3, mean PM2.5was 12.5 µg/m3and mean SO2was 2.5 µg/m3. PM10level was positively associated with the number of emergency hospital visits (n=453) for cardiac arrest. Each 10 µg/m3increase in PM10was associated with increased risk of cardiac arrest (ICD-10: I46), OR 1.096 (95% CI 1.033 to 1.162) on lag 2, OR 1.118 (95% CI 1.031 to 1.212) on lag 0–2, OR 1.150 (95% CI 1.050 to 1.261) on lag 0–3 and OR 1.168 (95% CI 1.054 to 1.295) on lag 0–4. Significant associations were shown between exposure to PM10on lag 2 and lag 0–2 and increased risk of cardiac arrest in the age, gender and season strata.ConclusionsA new endpoint was used for the first time in this study: cardiac arrest (ICD-10 code: I46) according to hospital discharge registry. Short-term increase in PM10concentrations was associated with cardiac arrest. Future ecological studies of this type and their related discussions should perhaps concentrate more on precisely defined endpoints.
Assessing impact, needs and quality-of-life among informal carers of people with pancreatic cancer, a prospective study: the PAN-CARER study protocol
Authors: Sharp Linda , Mentor Keno , Deane Jennifer , Watson Eila , Roberts Keith J , Silva Michael , Phillips Mary , Siriwardena Ajith Kumar , Hammond John , Bradshaw Alex , Exley Catherine , Pandanaboyana Sanjay 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionApproximately 10 300 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer each year in the UK. The cancer and its treatment inflict a significant physical, functional and emotional burden on patients. Research suggests that patients have many ongoing needs for support and care, but that these needs are not met by existing services. Family members often step in to fill this gap and provide support and care during and after treatment. Research in other cancers shows that this informal caregiving can place a very heavy burden on carers. However, there are few studies in the international literature that have focused on informal carers in pancreatic cancer; none have been conducted in the UK.Methods and analysisTwo complementary research methods will be utilised. First, a longitudinal quantitative study of 300 carers investigating, using validated questionnaires to assess the impact of caregiving (Caregiver Reaction Assessment), the unmet needs of carers (Supportive Care Needs Survey) and the quality-of-life (Short Form 12-item health survey), will be conducted. Second, qualitative interviews will be conducted with up to 30 carers to explore their experiences in more depth. Mixed-effects regression models will be applied to survey results to determine how impact, needs and quality-of-life vary over time, compare outcomes between carers of patients with operable and inoperable disease and identify social factors which affect outcomes. Interview data will undergo reflexive thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the Health Research Authority of the UK (Ethical approval IRAS ID 309503). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.
Recommendations for follow-up care during post-deployment screening of Canadian Armed Forces personnel: how well does self-reported mental health predict referral decisions?
Authors: Sudom Kerry , Boulos David , Garber Bryan 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveCanadian Armed Forces (CAF) post-deployment screening aims to facilitate early care for members with mental health issues. The process consists of a questionnaire to screen for mental health problems, followed by an interview with a healthcare provider during which recommendations for follow-up care are provided if needed. In this study, we examined the association of self-reported mental health from the screening questionnaire with recommendation for follow-up care during the interview.DesignUsing screening data collected from CAF members who deployed from 2009 to 2012 (n=14 957), logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of self-reported mental health from the screening questionnaire with clinicians’ recommendation for follow-up care.ResultsIn total, 19.7% of screened individuals were recommended for follow-up care. In the adjusted logistic regression model, some demographic characteristics, as well current and prior mental healthcare and self-reported mental health problems, had a substantial association with recommendation for follow-up. Compared with each mental health problem’s lowest severity category, recommendation for follow-up care was higher by approximately 12%–17% for those with mild to severe depression, 7% for those with panic disorder, 8%–10% for those with mild to severe anxiety, 8% for those experiencing high levels of stressors, 4%–10% for those at risk of alcohol use disorder and 7%–12% for those at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder.ConclusionsAlthough the presence of mental health problems was significantly associated with receiving a follow-up recommendation, the relationships between self-reported mental health and subsequent recommendations for care were not as high as expected. Although this may partly reflect time delays between the questionnaire and interview, further research is needed on the extent to which other factors contributed to referral decisions.
Nurse-led virtual interventions in managing chronic diseases: a protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Tao Xingjuan , Zhu Weishan , Chu Mingzi , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionTechnological advances are changing nursing practice; however, nurse-led virtual care for chronic disease management has not yet been adequately explored and described. This study will review and analyse the effects of nurse-led virtual services and describe the virtual intervention characteristics relevant to the scope of nursing practice in chronic disease management.Methods and analysisThis study will systematically review randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of nurse-led virtual care interventions on patients with chronic conditions. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang (Chinese) and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals will be searched. All studies will be screened and selected using the criteria described in ‘population, intervention, comparison, outcome and study design’ format. Relevant studies will be searched using the reference lists of eligible studies and review articles. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal Form. Two reviewers will independently extract data from all the included studies using a standardised data extraction form on the Covidence platform. RevMan V.5.3 software will be used to perform the meta-analysis. Data synthesis will be conducted with descriptive synthesis by summarising and tabulating the data and presenting them according to the research questions.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as the data used in this systematic review are abstracted from the pre-existing literature. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022361260.