bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alans in Military-Administrative Structures of Great Mongol Empire in 1258—1291
Authors: Kaziev E. V. 
Published: February 2023

The problem of the process of reforming the guards of the Mongolian kaan, which began under the kaan Mongke, continued and ended under the kaan and emperor Kublai is examined in the paper. The purpose of the study is to determine the place of the Alanian military units in the system of the military-administrative organization of the Mongols in the course of this reform. The main material of the study was information from the official “History of the Yuan” and “The Secret History”. In addition, the study used information from the chronicles of Ata Malik Juvaini and Rashid ad-Din, information from the narrative of Guillaume de Rubruk, as well as information from the correspondence of the Alanian princes and Emperor Toghon Temur with Pope Benedict XII. As a result of the study, it was found that the process of reforming the guard took place in several stages, which fell on 1254, 1260, 1262, 1264, 1281 and 1291. It is concluded that over the years the order of recruitment of guards’ units has been changed from patrimonial-aristocratic to territorial. The consequence of this process was the transformation of the guards army of the Mongol kaan into the regular guards army of the Chinese emperor, governed by the order inherent in the Chinese power tradition.
Lacy—Zarubin Agreement of 1958: Origins of Soviet-American Science Diplomacy
Authors: Reinhardt R. O. , Nemudrov K. A. 
Published: February 2023

The Agreement between the USSR and the USA on exchanges in the field of culture, technology, science and education, signed on January 27, 1958 in Washington DC by W. S. Lacy US Secretary of State Special Assistant for East-West Exchanges, and G. N. Zarubin, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the USA is considered. The question is raised about the role of this agreement in the Soviet- American science diplomacy of the late 1950s — early 1960s. Based on a review of the biographies of senior officials who participated on the American and Soviet sides in its conclusion and implementation, the personality factor in these scientific and diplomatic processes was investigated. It is proved that their high professionalism, pragmatism and the similarity of career paths had a positive impact both on reaching mutual understanding regarding the interstate agreement being concluded, and on giving the latter an extremely specific character. Particular attention is paid to the provisions of the Lacy—Zarubin agreement, which regulated the visits of scientists and researchers, as well as academic exchanges. To assess the effectiveness of the treaty implementation in this part, the Report of the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations dated August 20, 1959, prepared under the leadership of Senator J. Fulbright, was introduced as a source and analyzed in detail. It is noted that the clarity in determining the goals, means and ways to achieve them allowed the Lacy—Zarubin agreement to become a solid and resistant to juncture fluctuations in the conditions of the Cold War, the basis for scientific and technical cooperation between the USSR and the USA, which determined the vector of their development over the decade and a half that followed the signing of the document.
Identity Transformation as a Turning Point during Civil War (Spring — Summer 1919) in Assessment of Modern Researchers
Authors: Skipina I. V. , Moskovkin V. V. 
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the historiography of the history of identity transformation during the Civil War in Russia. The purpose of the study id seen in the researchers’ coverage of self-determination of citizens during the spring — summer of 1919 based on the concept of historical memory and the concept of identity. The authors came to the conclusion that this period was a turning point in the Civil War, which was due to the success of the Red Army, the defeat of Kolchak in the Urals and a noticeable shift in public sentiment in favor of the Soviet government. As historians note, against the backdrop of militarization and the split of Russian society, the war intensified the processes of self-determination, becoming a means of achieving a relative identity of society, capable of ensuring victory for the side that has goals that are understandable and close to the population. It is noted that the image of the pre-revolutionary past, preserved in historical memory, played a decisive role in the self-identification of the population. It is noted that the image of the pre-revolutionary past, preserved in historical memory, played a decisive role in the self-identification of the population. Today, scientists, based on the study of human reflections, identification processes that accompany the transformational shifts that took place during the years of the Civil War in Russia, have made significant progress in studying revolutionary changes in society and their impact on the further development of the country.
Confrontation between Believers and Young “Godless” as a Factor of Intergenerational Rift in Russian Village in 1920s
Authors: Slezin A. A. 
Published: February 2023

The relationship between representatives of the generations of the “revolutionary turning point” (born at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries) and “children of the revolution” (those whose childhood fell on the first post-revolutionary fifteen years) is analyzed. The role of the young “godless” of the 1920s in the evolution of the moral state of the peasant “fathers” is studied. The role of the young “godless” of the 1920s in the evolution of the moral state of the peasant “fathers” is studied. Attention is paid to the theoretical substantiation of the role of the pioneers in the formation of the “new man”, their practical efforts in this direction and the reaction of the peasantry. It is shown that the spiritual heritage, which, according to the rules of continuity of development, the generation of the “revolutionary turning point” was called upon to pass on to its successors, in real life was rejected by active representatives of the younger generation. The confrontation between young “godless” and adherents of traditional religions significantly influenced the strengthening of the intergenerational rift in the Russian village. An analysis of the experience of forming the foundations of the pioneer movement and identifying the causes of the exacerbation of intergenerational conflict in the Russian countryside (including children’s anti-religious activities) are of particular relevance in connection with the search for a model of education that meets the modern demands of the state and society.
Determinants of poverty among rural farming households in Maiha Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Dia Yahaya Zira , Oaya Daniel Stephen , Joshua Jaafaru 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Poverty is a critical factor affecting subsistence of farmers in Nigeria, especially in rural areas. The study examined determinants of poverty among rural farming households in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the research objectives were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, determine the poverty status of the respondents, and examine the determinants of poverty among the respondents. Primary data used for the studies were generated from 255 respondents, who were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The analytical tools used were descriptive, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), and Logit regression models. The findings of the study revealed that the majority (90.98 %) of rural farming household heads were men, married (90.20 %) with a mean age of 38.42 years, educated (76.48 %), with a mean farm size of 2.65 ha and mean household size of 5 people. The majority (85.88 %) of the respondents had no access to credit. The study further revealed that respondents’ distributions by poverty status were 0.42, 0.23, and 0.16 for poverty incidence (Po), poverty depth (P1), and poverty severity (P2), respectively. The result of the Logit regression model revealed that sex, formal education, primary occupation, access to credit, total income, and annual remittances had a positive influence on poverty status, while age, marital status, and household size had a negative influence on poverty status among farming households and were statistically significant at various levels. Hence the study recommends need for the farming households to have access to credit schemes. This could increase the off-farm activities that could generate more income for the household and thereby reduce their poverty.
Interaction Behaviors of Longitudinal and Transverse Seismic Waves with Underground Geoengineering Objects
Authors: Remez N. , Dychko A. , Hrebeniuk T. , Kraychuk A. , Kraychuk S. , Ostapchuk N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Main pipelines as long linear objects are vulnerable to dangerous natural and man-made influences. One of the technogenic sources is large-scale explosions, which cause a sharp fluctuations of soil and cause serious damage to underground pipelines. When calculating the strength of pipeline systems, it is assumed that the damage occurs mainly due to additional axial stretching. However, the destruction and damage of pipelines can occur during seismic impacts directed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipeline.
To assess the impact of longitudinal and transverse waves on the underground pipeline during seismic action a software-calculation module is developed. It implements a model of dynamic strength analysis, which allows estimating the magnitude of longitudinal and trans-verse seismic loads on the underground pipeline to establish safe parameters of seismic loads and geometric dimensions of the protected object. The final system of equations of motion of N nodes of a discrete system for a single length of the pipeline is presented as a system of 4N equations of the first order.
The efforts on the internal nodes are determined by the strain stresses at the displacement of the nodes of the adjacent rods. The efforts on the nodes of the pipe contour are the diffraction interaction of seismic waves in the soil with the pipe. The system of equations is supplemented by the corresponding initial and boundary conditions.
The dependences of the inflow of longitudinal and transverse pressure of explosive seismic pressure on the pipeline are established. The dependences of stresses in the pipeline of the diameter, thickness and type of soil are researched.
Green and Sustainable Hydrogen in Emerging European Smart Energy Framework
Authors: Jansons L. , Zemite L. , Zeltins N. , Geipele I. , Backurs A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Green and sustainable hydrogen has a major role in moving towards decarbonization of energy, providing viable solutions in all most challenging sectors of the national economies. It would penetrate practically all sectors of economic activity, such as long-haul transport, steel and chemical industries, power generation and energy storage. Green and sustainable hydrogen cost competitiveness is also closely linked to developments of large-scale renewable energy sources (in case of green hydrogen; hereinafter – RES) and further commercialization of carbon dioxide (in case of sustainable hydrogen produced from natural gas; hereinafter – CO2) capture and storage (hereinafter – CCS) technologies.
In the European Union (hereinafter – EU), sustainable and especially green hydrogen is gaining strong political and business momentum, emerging as one of major components in governments’ net zero plans within the European Green Deal and beyond. Being extremely versatile both in production and consumption sides, it is light, storable, has high energy content per unit mass and can be readily produced at an industrial scale. The key challenge comes from the fact that hydrogen is the lightest known chemical element and so has a low energy density per unit of volume, making some forms of long-distance transportation and storage complex and costly.
In this paper, green and sustainable hydrogen is reviewed as a vital part of emerging European smart energy framework, which could contribute significantly to economy decarbonization agenda of the EU and Latvia in both in short- and mid-term perspective.
Why are spine surgeons sued, and with what outcomes?
Authors: Epstein Nancy E. , Agulnick Marc A. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Why are spine surgeons sued, how successfully, and for how much? Typical bases for spinal medicolegal suits have included; the failure to timely diagnose and treat, surgical negligence, (i.e. especially resulting in significant neurological deficits), and the lack of informed consent. We reviewed 17 medicolegal spinal articles looking for additional reasons for suits, along with identifying other factors contributing to defense verdicts, plaintiffs’ verdicts, or settlements.

Methods:
After confirming the same three most likely causes of medicolegal suits, other factors leading to such suits included; the lack of patient access to surgeons postoperatively, poor postoperative management (i.e. contributing to new postoperative neurological deficits), failure to communicate between specialists/surgeons perioperatively, and failure to brace.

Results:
Critical factors leading to more plaintiffs’ verdicts and settlements along with higher payouts for both included new severe and/or catastrophic postoperative neurological deficits. Conversely, defense verdicts were more likely for those with less severe new and/or residual injuries. The total number of plaintiffs’ verdicts ranged from 17-35.2%, settlements, from 8.3-37%, and defense verdicts from 27.7-75%.

Conclusion:
The three most frequent bases for spinal medicolegal suits continue to include; failure to timely diagnose/treat, surgical negligence, and lack of informed consent. Here, we identified the following additional causes of such suits; the lack of patient access to surgeons perioperatively, poor postoperative management, lack of specialist/surgeon communication, and failure to brace. Further, more plaintiffs’ verdicts or settlements and greater respective payouts were observed for those with new and/or more severe/catastrophic deficits, while more defense verdicts were typically rendered for patients with lesser new neurological injuries.
A case of facial nerve palsy caused by severe head injury treated by translabyrinthine approach
Authors: Suzuki Yosuke , Noda Kosumo , Ota Nakao , Kondo Tomomasa , Haraguchi Kenichi , Miyoshi Norio , Kiko Katsunari , Yoshikawa Kohei , Ono Shun , Mizuno Hiroyuki , Okada Yasuaki , Takano Takuma , Yasuda Soichiro , Oda Jumpei , Kamiyama Hiroyasu , Tokuda Sadahisa , Tanikawa Rokuya 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Several treatments for traumatic facial paralysis have been reported, but the role of surgery is still controversial.

Case Description:
A 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with head trauma due to a fall injury. A total body computed tomography (CT) scan showed a left frontal acute epidural hematoma associated with a left optic canal and petrous bone fractures with the disappearance of the light reflex. Hematoma removal and optic nerve decompression were performed immediately. The initial treatment was successful with complete recovery of consciousness and vision. The facial nerve paralysis (House and Brackmann scale grade 6) did not improve after medical therapy, and thus, surgical reconstruction was performed 3 months after the injury. The left hearing was lost entirely, and the facial nerve was surgically exposed from the internal auditory canal to the stylomastoid foramen through the translabyrinthine approach. The facial nerve’s fracture line and damaged portion were recognized intraoperatively near the geniculate ganglion. The facial nerve was reconstructed using a greater auricular nerve graft. Functional recovery was observed at the 6-months follow-up (House and Brackmann grade 4), with significant recovery in the orbicularis oris muscle.

Conclusion:
Interventions tend to be delayed, but it is possible to select a treatment method of the translabyrinthine approach.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Caregiver Stress in Parkinson’s Disease with Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Chang Yu-Tzu , Huang Chi-Wei , Chang Hsin-I , Hsu Shih-Wei , Lee Chen-Chang , Huang Shu-Hua , Wang Pei-Ning , Chang Chiung-Chih 
Published: February 2023

Background: A better understanding of factors associated with caregiver burden might facilitate the construction of coping strategies to improve their clinical outcomes and the comprehensive care model for dementia. Objective: To investigate the cognitive and neuropsychiatric domains that contribute to caregiver burden in three types of neurodegenerative disorders: Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and frontotemporal disease (FTD). Methods: Eight hundred and fourteen patients and their caregivers were invited to participate; among them, 235 had PD with cognitive impairment; 429 had AD, and 150 had FTD. The evaluation protocol included the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test, the modified Trail Making Test B, semantic fluency, and a geriatric depression score. Statistical comparisons of the cognitive tests, NPI total scores, and caregiver burden among the three diagnosed types of dementia, matched for a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5 or 1, were performed, and multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the parameter significance. Results: Caregivers for patients with PD and FTD showed significant burden increments when the CDR scores changes from 0.5 to 1. For CDR = 0.5, the PD group had significantly lower caregiver burdens than the AD group, but the NPI total scores were significantly higher. Factors related to caregiver burden were the presence of delusion among all diagnosis groups, while the impact of NPI total scores related to caregiver burden was the highest in FTD, followed by AD and PD. Conclusions: At the mild to moderate stages, our results suggested different degrees of significance in terms of the cognitive test scores or NPI subdomains for predicting caregiver stress among the three types of dementia.
DAMPAK INTENSITAS ASET TETAP DAN PERSEDIAAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PAJAK
Authors: Rahmanto Basuki Toto 
Published: February 2023

Perusahaan yang melakukan manajemen pajak dengan sahih, bisa menyebabkan rendahnya beban pajak yang dilaporkan. Dengan mengetahui dampak intensitas asset tetap dan intensitas persediaan pada manajemen pajak guna tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian menggunakan variable kontrol yang diduga mempengaruhi manajemen pajak guna mendukung kesimpulan, yakni profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan jumlah komisaris independen. Populasi penelitian semua perusahaan tambang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia di tahun 2016–2020. Pemilihan sampel digunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil diperolehsampel penelitian sejumlah9 perusahaan, total 45 data pengamatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan regresi linear berganda analisis. Temuan penelitian diperoleh pengaruh intensitas asset tetap dan intensitas persediaan mempengaruhi manajemen pajak dengan dikontrol variabel profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan jumlah komisaris independen.
Kata Kunci: Manajemen Pajak, Intensitas Aset
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN LABA DALAM TINJAUAN ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM
Authors: Khoiri Dilla Jannatul , Devi Astriyasana Della Prisca , Fahmi Mukhamad Rizal , Pratama Fredi , Mustoffa Ardyan Firdausi 
Published: February 2023

Laporan keuangan memiliki manfaat yang sangat besar bagi penggunanya, oleh karena itu telah menjadi aturan dalam proses pelaporan keuangan yang disebut GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). Tujuannya adalah untuk menyatukan proses pelaporan dan pelaporan keuangan di seluruh unit bisnis di negara ini, yang akan memudahkan proses pemeriksaan kewajaran pelaporan. Terlepas dari batasan aturan ini, para pemimpin bisnis menggunakan manajemen kinerja apakah itu legal atau tidak. Untuk menekankan pentingnya manajemen pendapatan Islami yang etis, artikel ini menggabungkan perspektif Islami tentang pendapatan. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode telaah referensi deskriptif/ literatur dengan mengacu pada referensi-referensi mengenai Islam, bisnis Islam, dan hal-hal yang berkaitan tentang manajemen laba dan etika bisnis Islam.
Kata Kunci : Manajemen laba, Etika Bisnis, Islam
Pelatihan Penguatan Kemampuan Berbahasa Jepang Level Chukyu bagi Guru Bahasa Jepang di SMA dan SMK Kabupaten Buleleng Bali
Authors: Mardani Desak Made Sri , Antartika I Kadek , Suputra Putu Hendra , Sadyana I Wayan 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this community service is to strengthen the Japanese language skills (Chukyu level) of Japanese High School/Vocational High School Teachers in Buleleng Regency so that their abilities increase and can pass the Teacher Professional Education/PPG. The method used in this activity is the Technical Assistance Model in the form of Training which is carried out by providing training and assistance to improve Japanese language skills. The partners in this activity were 20 (twenty) High School/Vocational High School Japanese language teachers in Buleleng Regency. The evaluation instrument for this activity is a test to determine the teacher's understanding of the material provided, as well as an assessment questionnaire by the teacher to evaluate the implementation of the activity. The results of tests and questionnaires were analyzed descriptively. The results of this activity show that through training and mentoring, the teachers’ skills in reading discourse, knowledge of Japanese culture, and Japanese language proficiency increased. A good score on the test as well as a positive response given by the teacher shows the success of this activity.
Peningkatan Kualitas Produk UKM “Peyek Bunder” Melalui Introduksi Teknologi Tepat Guna Spinner
Authors: Kusnandar Kusnandar , Harisudin Mohd. , Riptanti Erlyna Wida , Khomah Isti , Setyowati Nuning , Qonita Rr. Aulia 
Published: February 2023

This community service activity aims to improve the quality of Peyek Bunder by introducing a spinner in the production process of small micro enterprises (SMEs) partnered with "Peyek Bunder". The method of implementing this community service includes socialization, introduction, and mentoring. The evaluation instrument of this activity uses the before and after comparison method and the evaluation is analyzed descriptively. The results of service activities in partner SMEs show that the quality of Peyek Bunder has increased. The oil content in Peyek Bunder has decreased, which can be seen from the condition at the bottom of the packaging that there is no oil seepage. This condition is due to a better draining process as it uses appropriate technology, namely the spinner. The draining process with a spinner takes about twenty minutes minutes for a capacity of 2 kilograms of Peyek Bunder. The results obtained are crisper and the durability is one month longer than without using a spinner.
Pengaruh Absensi Sidik Jari (Finger Print) terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai
Authors: Mayamin Mayamin , Usuluddin Lasmiana 
Published: February 2023

Disiplin kerja yaitu kemampuan kerja seseorang untuk secara teratur, tekun, terus- menerus, dan bekerja sesuai dengan aturan-aturan yang berlaku dengan tidak melanggar aturan-aturan yang sudah ditetapkan. Absensi adalah suatu bukti bahwa seorang pegawai datang dalam bekerja di sebuah kantor atau sekolah. Absensi juga merupakan sebuah penerapan dalam disiplin yang telah di atur masing-masing oleh kantor. Penelitian ini berjudul Pengaruh Absensi Sidik Jari (Finger Print) Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan Palembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adakah Pengaruh Absensi Sidik Jari (Finger Print) Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan Palembang. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang menunjukkan adanya Pengaruh Absensi Sidik Jari (Finger Print) Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan Palembang