bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐created environmental health science: Identifying community questions and co‐generating knowledge to support science learning
Authors: Ramírez‐Andreotta Mónica D. , Buxner Sanlyn , Sandhaus Shana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial, political, and cultural complexities observed in environmental justice (EJ) communities require new forms of investigation, science teaching, and communication. Defined broadly, participatory approaches can challenge and change inequity and mistrust in science. Here, we describe Project Harvest and the partnership building and co‐generation of knowledge alongside four EJ communities in Arizona. From 2017 to 2021, Project Harvest centered learning around these communities and the participant experience drove the data sharing practice. The framework of sense‐making is used to analyze how community scientists (CS) are learning within the context of environmental pollution and (in)justice. The environmental health literacy (EHL) framework is applied to document the acquisition of skills that enable protective decision‐making and the capacity of CS to move along the EHL continuum. Using data from surveys, focus groups, and semi‐structured interviews, we are asking how did: (1) Personal connections and local relevancy fuel sense‐making? (2) Data sharing make pollution visible and connect to historical knowledge to either reinforce or modify their existing mental map around pollution? and (3) The co‐creation process build data literacy and a relationship science? Results indicate that due to the program framing, CS personally connected with, and made sense of their data based on use and experience. CS synthesized and connected their pollution history and lived experiences with their data and evaluated contaminant transport. CS saw themselves as part of the process, are taking what they learned and the evidence they helped produce to adopt protective environmental health measures and are applying these skills to new contexts. Here, co‐created science nurtured a new/renewed relationship with science. This science culture rooted in co‐creation, fosters action, trust, and supports ongoing science engagement. The science learning that stems from co‐created efforts can set the pace for social transformation and provide the foundation for structural change.
Finite temperature negativity Hamiltonians of the massless Dirac fermion
Authors: Rottoli Federico , Murciano Sara , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The negativity Hamiltonian, defined as the logarithm of a partially transposed density matrix, provides an operatorial characterisation of mixed-state entanglement. However, so far, it has only been studied for the mixed-state density matrices corresponding to subsystems of globally pure states. Here, we consider as a genuine example of a mixed state the one-dimensional massless Dirac fermions in a system at finite temperature and size. As subsystems, we consider an arbitrary set of disjoint intervals. The structure of the corresponding negativity Hamiltonian resembles the one for the entanglement Hamiltonian in the same geometry: in addition to a local term proportional to the stress-energy tensor, each point is non-locally coupled to an infinite but discrete set of other points. However, when the lengths of the transposed and non-transposed intervals coincide, the structure remarkably simplifies and we retrieve the mild non-locality of the ground state negativity Hamiltonian. We also conjecture an exact expression for the negativity Hamiltonian associated to the twisted partial transpose, which is a Hermitian fermionic matrix. We finally obtain the continuum limit of both the local and bi-local operators from exact numerical computations in free-fermionic chains.
Universality in the tripartite information after global quenches: (generalised) quantum XY models
Authors: Marić Vanja , Fagotti Maurizio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider the Rényi-α tripartite information $$ {I}_3^{\left(\alpha \right)} $$

I
3

α

of three adjacent subsystems in the stationary state emerging after global quenches in noninteracting spin chains from both homogeneous and bipartite states. We identify settings in which $$ {I}_3^{\left(\alpha \right)} $$

I
3

α

remains nonzero also in the limit of infinite lengths and develop an effective quantum field theory description of free fermionic fields on a ladder. We map the calculation into a Riemann-Hilbert problem with a piecewise constant matrix for a doubly connected domain. We find an explicit solution for α = 2 and an implicit one for α > 2. In the latter case, we develop a rapidly convergent perturbation theory that we use to derive analytic formulae approximating $$ {I}_3^{\left(\alpha \right)} $$

I
3

α

with outstanding accuracy.
Universal behavior of entanglement entropies in interface CFTs from general holographic spacetimes
Authors: Karch Andreas , Wang Mianqi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In previous work universal behavior was conjectured for the behavior of the logarithmic terms in the entanglement entropy of intervals in 1+1 dimensional interface conformal field theories (ICFTs). These putative universal terms were exhibited both in free field theories as well as a large class of holographic models. In this work we demonstrate that this same behavior in fact is realized in any holographic ICFT, significantly strengthening the case for the conjecture.
Dualities between fermionic theories and the Potts model
Authors: Narovlansky Vladimir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We show that a large class of fermionic theories are dual to a q → 0 limit of the Potts model in the presence of a magnetic field. These can be described using a statistical model of random forests on a graph, generalizing the (unrooted) random forest description of the Potts model with only nearest neighbor interactions. We then apply this to find a statistical description of a recently introduced family of OSp(1|2M) invariant field theories that provide a UV completion to sigma models with the same symmetry.
Cell targeting and immunostimulatory properties of a novel Fcγ-receptor-independent agonistic anti-CD40 antibody in rhesus macaques
Authors: Yan Xianglei , Ols Sebastian , Arcoverde Cerveira Rodrigo , Lenart Klara , Hellgren Fredrika , Ye Kewei , Cagigi Alberto , Buggert Marcus , Nimmerjahn Falk , Falkesgaard Højen Jesper , Parera Daniel , Pessara Ulrich , Fischer Stephan , Loré Karin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTargeting CD40 by agonistic antibodies used as vaccine adjuvants or for cancer immunotherapy is a strategy to stimulate immune responses. The majority of studied agonistic anti-human CD40 antibodies require crosslinking of their Fc region to inhibitory FcγRIIb to induce immune stimulation although this has been associated with toxicity in previous studies. Here we introduce an agonistic anti-human CD40 monoclonal IgG1 antibody (MAB273) unique in its specificity to the CD40L binding site of CD40 but devoid of Fcγ-receptor binding. We demonstrate rapid binding of MAB273 to B cells and dendritic cells resulting in activation in vitro on human cells and in vivo in rhesus macaques. Dissemination of fluorescently labeled MAB273 after subcutaneous administration was found predominantly at the site of injection and specific draining lymph nodes. Phenotypic cell differentiation and upregulation of genes associated with immune activation were found in the targeted tissues. Antigen-specific T cell responses were enhanced by MAB273 when given in a prime-boost regimen and for boosting low preexisting responses. MAB273 may therefore be a promising immunostimulatory adjuvant that warrants future testing for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccination strategies.
Ageing in the brain: mechanisms and rejuvenating strategies
Authors: Gaspar-Silva Filipa , Trigo Diogo , Magalhaes Joana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAgeing is characterized by the progressive loss of cellular homeostasis, leading to an overall decline of the organism’s fitness. In the brain, ageing is highly associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. With the rise in life expectancy, characterizing the brain ageing process becomes fundamental for developing therapeutic interventions against the increased incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and to aim for an increase in human life span and, more importantly, health span. In this review, we start by introducing the molecular/cellular hallmarks associated with brain ageing and their impact on brain cell populations. Subsequently, we assess emerging evidence on how systemic ageing translates into brain ageing. Finally, we revisit the mainstream and the novel rejuvenating strategies, discussing the most successful ones in delaying brain ageing and related diseases.
On the Induction of p-Cells
Authors: Jensen Lars Thorge , Patimo Leonardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study cells with respect to thep-canonical basis of the Hecke algebra of a crystallographic Coxeter system (see Jensen and Williamson (2017) and Jensen (2020)) and their compatibility with standard parabolic subgroups. We show that after induction to the surrounding bigger Coxeter group the cell module of a rightp-cell in a standard parabolic subgroup decomposes as a direct sum of cell modules. Along the way, we state some new positivity properties of thep-canonical basis.
Einflussfaktoren der Schnitt-Naht-Zeiten der Metallentfernung nach Nuss-Operation
Authors: Heydweiller Andreas C. , König Tatjana T. , Yavuz S. Tolga , Schwind Martin , Oetzmann von Sochaczewski Christina , Rohleder Stephan 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Metallentfernung nach abgeschlossener Trichterbrustkorrektur fällt als elektiver Eingriff nicht selten zuerst den Kapazitätsengpässen der Operationsabteilung zum Opfer. Aufgrund dessen ist eine möglichst exakte Planung der zu erwartenden Schnitt-Naht-Zeit wünschenswert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Modellierung der Schnitt-Naht-Zeiten der Metallentfernung nach Nuss-Operation anhand der präspezifizierten unabhängigen Variablen Alter, Geschlecht, Anzahl der zu explantierenden Metallbügel sowie intraoperativ aufgetretener Komplikationen.

Material und Methoden
Wir schlossen retrospektiv alle Metallentfernungen nach Trichterbrustkorrektur zwischen Januar 2009 und Dezember 2020 in die Untersuchung ein. Diese wurden mittels linearer Regression modelliert und mittels Bootstrap intern validiert. Explorativ wurden zusätzlich die Erfahrung der Operateure, die Anzahl der Stabilisatoren sowie der Körpermasseindex und eine etwaige Revisionsoperation untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Wir schlossen 265 Patient:innen (14 % ♀) mit einem medianen Alter von 19 Jahren (Interquartilsabstand: 17–20) in die Untersuchung ein, wobei bei 81 % ein und bei 17 % zwei Metallbügel explantiert wurden. Das präspezifizierte Regressionsmodell war statistisch signifikant besser als das Nullmodell (Likelihood-Ratio 56; df = 5; p < 0,001) und hatte eine biaskorrigierte Modellgüte von R2 = 0,148. Das Patient:innenalter beeinflusste die Schnitt-Naht-Zeit um 2,1 min (95 %-Konfidenzintervall: 1,3–2,9; p < 0,001) pro Lebensjahr und jeder zu explantierende Metallbügel um 16 min (95 %-Konfidenzintervall: 10–22; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Das Patient:innenalter wie auch der Anzahl der zu explantierenden Metallbügel können die Schnitt-Naht-Zeit beeinflussen und können in der Zeitplanung der Operation Berücksichtigung finden.
Automatic apraxia detection using deep convolutional neural networks and similarity methods
Authors: Vicedo Cristina , Nieto-Reyes Alicia , Bringas Santos , Duque Rafael , Lage Carmen , Montaña José Luis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDementia represents one of the great problems to be solved in medicine for a society that is becoming increasingly long-lived. One of the main causes of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for 80% of cases. There is currently no cure for this disease, although there are treatments to try to alleviate its effects, which is why detecting Alzheimer’s disease in its early stages is crucial to slow down its evolution and thus help sufferers. One of the symptoms of the disease that manifests in its early stages is apraxia, difficulties in carrying out voluntary movements. In the clinical setting, apraxia is typically assessed by asking the patient to imitate hand gestures that are performed by the examiner. To automate this test, this paper proposes a system that, based on a video of the patient making the gesture, evaluates its execution. This evaluation is done in two steps, first extracting the skeleton of the hands and then using a similarity function to obtain an objective score of the execution of the gesture. The results obtained in an experiment with several patients performing different gestures are shown, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method. The system is intended to serve as a diagnostic tool, enabling medical experts to detect possible mobility impairments in patients that may have signs of Alzheimer’s disease.
Bilateral simultaneous hip arthroplasty shows comparable early outcome and complication rate as staged bilateral hip arthroplasty for patients scored ASA 1-3 if performed by a high-volume surgeon
Authors: Kirschbaum Stephanie , Hube Robert , Perka Carsten , Ley Christophe , Rosaria Simone , Najfeld Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare early outcomes after simultaneous and staged hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with bilateral symptomatic pathology.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all patients scheduled for primary THA for bilateral hip osteoarthritis (OA, n = 290). Patients either received simultaneous (n = 152, 52.4%) or staged (n = 138, 47.6%) bilateral THA based on individual preference. All operations (n = 428) were performed by one single, high-volume surgeon. Demographic data (e.g., age, ASA score) as well as perioperative parameters (haemoglobin drop (Hb), red blood cell transfusion, length of stay (LOS), operation time, six week complication rate and achievement of inpatient rehabilitation key points) were evaluated.

Results
Patients in the simultaneous bilateral THA group were younger (62.8 ± 8.9 vs. 65 ± 9.7 years, p = 0.022) and had lower ASA scores (1.8, (34.2% ASA 1, 55.3% ASA 2, 37.2% ASA 3) vs. 2.0 (18.8% ASA 1, 61.6% ASA 2, 19.6% ASA 3)) than the staged group. While the average LOS was 7.1 ± 1.7 days for simultaneous bilateral THA, the combined LOS for the staged group was 12.9 ± 2.4 days (p < 0.001). The cumulative operation time in the simultaneous bilateral THA group was 61.1 ± 11.5 min and 57.6 ± 7.3 min in the staged group (p < 0.015). Cumulative Hb loss was significantly higher in the staged group (2.1 ± 7.2 g/dl vs. 3.7 ± 1.3 g/dl, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found concerning the complication rate or early inpatient rehabilitation.

Conclusion
Simultaneous bilateral hip arthroplasty in patients with symptomatic bilateral hip osteoarthritis is as safe and successful as a staged procedure if performed by a high-volume surgeon.
Inefficient Admissions for Abdominal Pain Under an Acute General Surgical Unit
Authors: Panwar Yash , Shan Sam , Owens Lily , Kang Chiu , Hodgson Russell 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe acute general surgical unit (AGSU) model has become a standard of efficient acute surgical care. Whilst the AGSU has been compared to the traditional surgical model, there is a lack of research auditing referrals and admissions. This study evaluates abdominal pain referrals to AGSU and the necessity of admission.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of adult abdominal pain admissions was conducted over a two‐year period at a single centre in metropolitan Victoria, Australia. The data were extracted from electronic medical records and key endpoints of data included the diagnosis, length of stay, investigations and subjective pain outcomes.ResultsA total of 1587 patients met the study criteria of which 1116 (70.3%) had a non‐surgical diagnosis with the majority having non‐specific abdominal pain. The non‐surgical patients had a lower median length of stay (25.3 h) compared to surgical patients (44.2 h, p < 0.001). They were less likely to have an abnormal haemoglobin (p = 0.004), elevated white cell count (p = 0.02) or elevated C‐reactive protein > 50 mg/L (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, surgical patients had higher odds of having a CRP > 50 mg/L (p = 0.024) and a positive imaging result (p < 0.001). The patient’s pain control also correlated with length of stay.ConclusionA large population of patients with non‐specific abdominal pain are admitted to AGSU. These patients do not require surgery and have a short length of stay. Incorporating a negative CRP result and negative imaging result may be utilised in conjunction with optimised analgesia to help avoid these unnecessary admissions, thereby improving AGSU efficiency and workload.
Minimally invasive vessel-preservation spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy-how I do it, tips and tricks and clinical results
Authors: Abu Hilal Mohammad , Carvalho Lúcia , van Ramshorst Tess M. E. , Ramera Marco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) has emerged as a parenchyma-preserving approach and has become the standard treatment for pancreatic benign and low-grade malignant lesions. Nevertheless, minimally invasive SPDP is still technically challenging, especially when vessel preservation is intended. This study aims to describe the technique and outcomes of laparoscopic (LSPDP) and robot-assisted spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (RSPDP) with intended vessel preservation, highlighting the important tips and tricks to overcome technical obstacles and optimize surgical outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective observational study of consecutive patients undergoing LSPDP and RSPDP with intended vessel preservation by a single surgeon in two different centers. A video demonstrating both surgical techniques is attached.

Results
A total of 50 patients who underwent minimally invasive SPDP were included of which 88% underwent LSPDP and 12% RSPDP. Splenic vessels were preserved in 37 patients (74%) while a salvage vessel-resecting technique was performed in 13 patients (26%). The average surgery time was 178 ± 74 min for the vessel-preserving and 188 ± 57 for the vessel-resecting technique (p = 0.706) with an estimated blood loss of 100 mL in both groups (p = 0.663). The overall complication rate was 46% (n = 23) with major complications (Clavien Dindo ≥ III) observed in 14% (n = 7) of the patients. No conversions occurred. The median length of hospital stay was 4 days.

Conclusion
This study presented the results after minimally invasive SPDP with intended vessel preservation by a highly experienced pancreatic surgeon. It provided tips and tricks to successfully accomplish a minimally invasive SPDP, which can contribute to quick patient rehabilitation and optimal postoperative results.

Graphical Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid production rate in various pathological conditions: a preliminary study
Authors: Tariq Kanza , Toma Ahmed , Khawari Sogha , Amarouche Meriem , Elborady Mohamed A. , Thorne Lewis , Watkins Laurence 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production rate in humans is not clearly defined but is estimated to be 18–24 ml/h (Trevisi et al Croat Med J 55(4):377–387 (24); Casey and Vries Childs Nerv Syst 5(5):332–334 (8)). A frequent clinical observation is that patients often drain higher volumes of CSF than can be explained by the assumed ‘normal’ CSF production rate (PRcsf). In the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery PRcsf was recorded in a variety of common neurosurgical pathologies using LiquoGuard7, an automated peristaltic pump that accurately controls CSF drainage and maintains a pre-set CSF pressure.

Methods
A prospective observational study was performed from September 2021 onwards, on all patients in the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery who required CSF drainage as part of their ongoing treatment. The external drain was connected to a LiquoGuard7 pump (Möller Medical GmbH, Fulda, Germany), and the internal software of LiquoGuard7 was used to measure PRcsf. Statistical analysis used SPSS (version 25.0, IBM) by paired t test, comparing measured rates to hypothetical ‘normal’ CSF production rates calculated and published by Ekstedt (16–34ml/h) (Ekstedt J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 41(4):345–353 (14)), assuming a similar distribution.

Results
PRcsf was calculated in 164 patients. Suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (n=41): PRcsf of 79ml/h±20SD (p<0.0001). Post-surgical CSF leak (n=26): PRcsf of 90ml/h±20SD (p<0.0001). Subarachnoid haemorrhage (n=34): PRcsf of 143ml/h±9SD (p<0.0001). Intracerebral haemorrhage (n=22): PRcsf of 137ml/h±20SD (p<0.0001). Spinal lesions (n=7): PRcsf of 130ml/h±20SD (p<0.0032). Pituitary adenomas (n=10): PRcsf of 29 ml/h±9SD (p<0.049). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (n=15): PRcsf of 86ml/h±10SD (p<0.0001). Decompensated long-standing overt ventriculomegaly (n=4): PRcsf of 65ml/h±10SD (p<0.0001). Cerebral infection (n=5): PRcsf of 90ml/h±20SD (p<0.0001).

Conclusion
Net CSF production rate may be higher than expected in many conditions, as measured with new device LiquoGuard7 through the study of net flow rate, which may have implications for clinical decisions on CSF diversion. The conventional understanding of CSF production and circulation does not explain the findings of this study. More extensive studies are needed to validate this technique.
Do government knowledge production and use systems matter for global climate change adaptation tracking? Insights from Eastern Africa
Authors: Njuguna Lucy , Biesbroek Robbert , Crane Todd A. , Dewulf Art , Tamás Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNational contexts play a critical role in shaping the transposition of international laws and agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. However, the relevance of national contexts when assessing global progress in adaptation to climate change has received little theoretical and empirical attention. To bridge this gap, we conduct a comparative study of government systems for producing and using policy knowledge on the livestock sectors of three Eastern Africa countries. We find distinct features within and between countries, which may explain variations in how adaptation progress is tracked. In particular, our study shows that prevailing administrative structures influence horizontal and vertical coordination, with implications for the flow of knowledge within government. The extent of coordination and the establishment of knowledge production procedures and accountability mechanisms affect the compatibility of the various knowledge streams in each country which, in turn, determines the potential for integrating adaptation tracking across the various administrative units. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness and feasibility of tracking adaptation progress over time and space will depend on the adequacy and successful linkage of tracking programs with existing systems of knowledge production and use. These findings underscore the relevance of a fit-for-context approach that examines how adaptation tracking can effectively be integrated into existing structures and processes while developing strategies for improving knowledge production and use.