bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring patient experiences of participating in digital cardiac rehabilitation: A qualitative study
Authors: Kenny Eanna , Byrne Molly , McEvoy John W. , Connolly Susan , McSharry Jenny 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveDigital cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has emerged as a promising alternative to in‐person CR. Understanding patients' experiences and perceptions can provide valuable insights into what makes these programmes successful and identify opportunities for improvement. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences of digital CR and to understand the factors that make these programmes successful.DesignA qualitative approach was taken.MethodsFrom March to August 2022, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with patients who were referred to one of two digital CR programmes offered on the island of Ireland. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. A public and patient involvement panel guided the recruitment strategy and assisted with data analysis.ResultsEleven patients, predominantly male (82%) and with a mean age of 64 (range 50–75), participated in the study. Five themes were developed: (1) Empowered patients; (2) Controlling the recovery; (3) At home but not alone; (4) The world at your (digital) doorstep and; (5) Challenges of interacting online. Participants reported that digital CR equipped them with the necessary tools and support to modify their lifestyle and effectively manage their recovery. However, the opportunities for social interaction were limited and communicating online was not always straightforward.ConclusionsParticipants reported that digital CR guided them towards recovery and improved their sense of empowerment and control. However, the limited opportunities for social interaction may represent a challenge for patients seeking social support.
Development and evaluation of the Family Needs Questionnaire for Pediatric Rehabilitation
Authors: Gan Caron , Chernodon Kristina , Wright F. Virginia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo develop the Family Needs Questionnaire—Pediatric Rehabilitation (FNQ‐PR) version and evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of this self‐report measure for caregivers of children with disabilities who receive pediatric rehabilitation services.Materials/MethodsThe 39‐item FNQ‐PR was developed through a modified Delphi Technique. For test–retest evaluation, parents completed the FNQ‐PR twice through an online REDCap survey, 1–3 weeks apart. Concurrent validity data (parent‐report Impact on Family Scale [IFS‐15] and Measure of Processes of Care [MPOC‐20]) were collected at baseline. Reliability analyses included ICCs (95%CI) and internal consistency evaluation.ResultsTwenty‐five caregivers of children ages 2–18 years (mean age 12.2 years) with a disability completed the FNQ‐PR at baseline, and 21 completed the retest. FNQ‐PR total score demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.84); internal consistency was high. The FNQ‐PR total score was strongly negatively associated with IFS‐15 total score (r = −0.62) and showed fair to strong association with MPOC subscale scores (0.45 ≤ r ≤ 0.70). Participants did not identify issues with the online format or FNQ‐PR item rating.ConclusionsThe FNQ‐PR demonstrated excellent overall reliability and strong evidence of validity. It fills a gap in clinical care of families of children with disabilities, providing a systematic way for families to identify the extent to which their needs are perceived to have been met. Clinicians can use this tool to target unmet needs that are most important to families. FNQ‐PR use in future research will support exploration of the impact of specific child and family factors on family needs.
The relationship of children's dental clinical status with school performance and school attendance in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A life‐course approach
Authors: Mohamed Seham A. S. , Baker Sarah R. , Deery Christopher , Vettore Mario V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between dental clinical status and school performance and school attendance in the Kingdom of Bahrain (KoB) using a life‐course framework.MethodsThis time‐ordered cross‐sectional study included 466 school children in Grade 2 (aged 7–8 years) and their parents in the KoB. Data were collected through parents' self‐administered questionnaires, children's face‐to‐face interviews and dental clinical examinations. Data on children's school performance and school attendance were gathered from parents and school records. Structural equation modelling (SEM) examined the direct and indirect pathways between variables.ResultsChildren born in families with high socio‐economic status (SES) were less likely to have dental caries and more likely to have better school performance at 7–8 years of age. Dentine caries was directly linked with poor school performance. Treated teeth directly predicted high school performance. The presence of dentine caries mediated the relationship of SES with school performance.ConclusionsBirth and current socio‐economic factors were significant predictors of dental clinical conditions and school performance. Dental caries and fewer treated teeth directly predicted poor school performance.
PCV‐VG combined individualized PEEP determination in one‐lung ventilated patients with PEEP step change direction: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Guowei , Ma Saixian , Shu Qian , Fang Zhuhong , Yan Zhiwen , Si Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy of pressure‐controlled volume‐guaranteed ventilation (PCV‐VG) combined with a gradient‐directional change in positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during one‐lung ventilation (OLV) in patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery was investigated.MethodsNinety patients were randomly divided into the PC (PCV‐VG + 5 cm H2O fixed PEEP), PI (PCV‐VG + incremental PEEP titration), and PD (PCV‐VG + decremental PEEP titration) groups. Hemodynamic (heart rate [HR] and mean arterial pressure [MAP]), respiratory mechanics (Ppeak, Pmean, and Cdyn), and arterial blood gas (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and PaO2/FiO2) indices were evaluated at T1 (10 min of two‐lung ventilation [TLV]), T2 (10 min of OLV), and T3 (10 min of recovery, TLV). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect neutrophil elastase (NE), clara cell secretory protein (CC16), and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) levels at T1 and T3.ResultsAt T2 and T3, Ppeak was lower in the PI and PD groups than in the PC group, while Pmean and Cdyn were higher than in the PC group. Ppeak in the PD group was lower than that in the PI group; however, Pmean was higher at T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). At T2, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were higher, but PaO2/FiO2 and VD/VT were lower in the PD and PI groups than in the PC group (P < 0.05). NE, CC16, IL‐6, and IL‐8 levels were elevated in all three groups at T3, but the PI and PD groups had lower levels than the PC group (P < 0.05). The incidences of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and surgical intensive care unit hospitalizations in the PD and PI groups were much lower.ConclusionGradient‐directed altered PEEP titration could improve respiratory mechanics, arterial blood gases, and inflammatory responses and reduce the incidence of PPCs in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.
Do outcomes for heart transplantation differ based on donor and recipient race?
Authors: Blitzer David , Pegues J'Undra N. , Lirette Seth T. , Baran David A. , Colvin Monica , Hayanga Awori , Copeland Hannah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThere are limited data examining the impact of both donor and recipient race on outcomes following orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between donor and recipient race and OHT outcomes.MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to March 2018 for donor hearts. A comparison was conducted based on donor and recipient race (White, Black, Hispanic, Other/Unknown). Races for which there were limited numbers were excluded from the analysis (Asian, n = 1292; American Indian, n = 132; Pacific Islander, n = 132, Multiple ethnicities, n = 225). The primary endpoint was survival at 30 days, 1 year survival, and post‐transplant rejection. Logistic and Cox models were used to quantify survival endpoints.ResultsA total of 41 841 OHT were included. Of the recipients, 29 894 (71%) were White, 8475 (20%) were Black, and 3472 (8%) were Hispanic. Of the donors 27 783 (66%) were White, 6277 (15%) were Black, 6576 (16%) were Hispanic, and 1205 (3%) were Unknown/Other race. In a comparison of recipient demographics, White recipients were older (54.09 ± 12.21 years) compared to Black (49.44 ± 12.83 years) and Hispanic (49.97 ± 13.27 years) recipients. All other differences between groups were not clinically significant. Black recipients were more likely to receive a heart with an “urgent” status (probability .80) compared to White (.73) and Hispanic (.75) recipients (p < .001). Hispanic recipients were more likely to receive a transplant when listed as “non‐urgent” (Probability .47) compared to White (.37) and Black (.30) recipients (p < .001). In terms of outcomes, compared to White recipients, Hispanic patients experienced a decreased 30‐day survival (OR 1.27; p = .011) and 1‐year survival (OR 1.17; p = .016). In comparing Donor/Recipient combinations compared to a White Donor/White Recipient combination, overall survival was decreased in White donor/African American recipient (HR 1.36; p < .001), African American donor/African American recipient (HR 1.41; p < .001) and Hispanic donor/African American recipient (HR 1.30; p < .001) combinations (Table 1).ConclusionsAfrican American and Hispanic recipients have decreased survival compared to White recipients after heart transplant. The African American donor does not decrease survival. Racial differences still exist in donor and recipient characteristics and recipient outcomes after OHT. Increasing the donor pool for all races and ethnicities would potentially benefit all recipients. Continued study is warranted in order to minimize these differences among recipients and identify factors that could be contributing to decreased survival, in order to optimize outcomes for African American and Hispanic recipients post‐transplant and eliminate disparities.
Emotion regulation as a complex system: A multi‐contextual and multi‐ level approach to understanding emotion expression and cortisol reactivity among Chinese and US preschoolers
Authors: Ip Ka I , Miller Alison L. , Wang Li , Felt Barbara , Olson Sheryl L. , Tardif Twila 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAre children from “Eastern” cultures less emotionally expressive and reactive than children from “Western” cultures? To answer this, we used a multi‐level and multi‐contextual approach to understand variations in emotion displays and cortisol reactivity among preschoolers living in China and the United States. One hundred two preschoolers from China (N = 58; 55% males) and the United States (N = 44, 48% males) completed three (i.e., control, interpersonal‐related, and achievement‐related) emotion‐challenging paradigms over 3 days. Behavioral emotion expressions were coded, and salivary cortisol was sampled 30 minutes before and across 90 minutes post‐task. Without considering context, Chinese preschoolers displayed fewer levels of positive and negative emotion expressions relative to their United States counterparts. However, Chinese preschoolers displayed similar levels of expressions as their United States counterparts during an achievement‐related challenge that is more salient to their sociocultural emphases and showed higher negative emotion expressions in this challenge, relative to other contexts. Moreover, only the achievement‐related challenge elicited increased cortisol levels among Chinese preschoolers, and this was correlated with higher levels of negative expressions. For US preschoolers, no cortisol increase was observed in any challenging paradigms, nor was cortisol associated with emotional expressions. Findings counter prior notions that East Asian children are generally less emotionally expressive. Instead, an achievement‐related challenge elicited higher emotion expression and cortisol reactivity among Chinese preschoolers, suggesting that children's emotion expression and biological reactivity may be most responsive to contexts salient to their socio‐cultural environments. We discuss the importance of considering cultural contexts when studying emotion regulation.Research Highlights
Chinese preschoolers displayed lower overall positive and negative expressions relative to their US counterparts without considering situational contexts.
Chinese preschoolers displayed similar levels of emotion expressions as their US counterparts during an achievement‐related challenge salient to their social‐cultural environment.
Chinese preschoolers are particularly responsive to achievement‐related challenges, relative to other emotion‐challenging situations that are less culturally salient.
No cortisol increase was observed in any of the emotion‐challenging paradigms among US preschoolers.
Children's emotion expression and biological reactivity may be most responsive to challenges relevant to their socio‐cultural environments.
Exploring spatial and temporal patterns of viral infection across populations of the Melissa blue butterfly
Authors: McKeegan Kelli J. , Muchoney Nadya D. , Teglas Mike B. , Forister Matthew L. , Smilanich Angela M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Identifying patterns of pathogen infection in natural systems is crucial to understanding mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions. In this study, we explored how Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) infection varies over space and time in populations of the Melissa blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa: Lycaenidae) using two different host plants. Collections of L. melissa adults from multiple populations and years, along with host plant tissue and community samples of arthropods found on host plants, were screened to determine JcDV prevalence and load. Additionally, we sampled at multiple time points within a single L. melissa flight season to investigate intra‐annual variation in infection patterns.
We found population‐specific variation in viral prevalence of L. melissa across collection years, with historical samples potentially having higher viral prevalence than contemporary samples, although host plant diet was not informative for these patterns. Patterns of infection across multiple generations within a flight season showed that late‐season samples had a higher proportion of JcDV‐positive individuals, suggesting an accumulation of virus over the season. Sequence data from a segment of the JcDV capsid gene showed a lack of viral genetic diversity between L. melissa collected from different localities, and little to no viral particles were found in the surrounding environment.
Our discovery of temporal variation in infection suggests that multiple sampling efforts must be made when describing pathogen prevalence in multivoltine hosts. Our findings represent an important first step towards further exploration of the ecological factors mediating disease prevalence and host‐specific variability of infection in wild insect populations.
Convolutional neural networks applied to data organized as OLAP cubes
Authors: Caputo Rodrigo Ribeiro , dos Santos Edimilson Batista , da Rocha Leonardo Chaves Dutra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture named OlapNet, which incorporates implicit operations of OLAP cubes (or data cubes). OLAP cubes are produced from database tables or spreadsheets and they allow particular operations that support performing complex queries efficiently. OlapNet permits evaluating various combinations of these OLAP operations in its search space and thus, it enables, in part, to automate the data transformation step in the knowledge discovery process. A sample of data from an actual database containing anonymized data on the debt history of customers of a financial institution has been used to evaluate our proposal. A predictive classification problem to estimate the probability of any given customer contracting new credits in the next three months has been modelled from these data. Then, traditional methods of Machine Learning and CNN were applied. The results showed that CNN, using the OlapNet architecture, outperforms traditional methods in almost all cases, indicating that the proposed architecture is quite promising.
Histological findings associated with treatment response in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a clinicopathological correlation study
Authors: Riyal Hasna , Samaranayake Nilakshi , Amarathunga Priyani , Munidasa Deepani , Karunaweera Nadira D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment responses to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) observed in Sri Lanka show variability, ranging from quick healing to delayed or failed responses to routine medication. The determinants of these differences in treatment response are not well defined. This study aimed to identify predictive features of treatment response and outcome in localized CL caused by Leishmania donovani, focusing on both clinical and histopathological findings in the patients.MethodsTissue sections (n = 103) derived from 3 mm punch biopsies of parasitologically confirmed patients were assessed. Patients were followed up weekly until complete healing of skin lesions and were reviewed at the end of 6 months and 1 year.ResultsHealing required 7–21 weekly doses of intralesional sodium stibogluconate (IL‐SSG) (mean = 12.2 ± 0.622). Twenty‐nine (28.1%) patients were identified as delayed responders. None had recurred at the end of 1 year. The demographic or clinical features (age, gender, lesion type, size, location, and lesion duration) did not significantly influence the treatment response. A heavy parasite load and acanthosis were significant predictors of a delayed response to treatment (P < 0.001). Higher parasite loads were associated with inflammation of the entire dermis (P = 0.008), more intense infiltration of macrophages (p = 0.001), and epidermal atrophy (P = 0.033). Well‐formed granulomas were inversely proportional to parasite loads.ConclusionsHistology findings proved to be better prognostic markers than clinical features for delayed responders to treatment and will aid in targeted patient management when tissue biopsies are performed in the initial diagnosis of CL.
Fundamental Investors Reduce the Distraction on Management from Random Market “Noise”: Evidence from France
Authors: Garel Alexandre , Rérolle Jean‐Florent 
Published: September 2023

The authors find that financial markets have real effects on corporate decisions but that, unfortunately, some temporary market enthusiasm, unrelated to firm intrinsic value, may cause management to make value‐destroying decisions as the result of random and uninformed stock market volatility. In particular, they are prone to making bad decisions after stock market overreactions to “surprise” earnings announcements.This study shows a positive effect of greater long‐term ownership on French listed firms. Fundamental investor ownership reduces the degree of market mispricing which serves long‐run shareholder value maximization. A fundamental investor is one that, on average, hold his shares for at least two years, is in the top quartile of a firm ownership, and has an active allocation strategy. They are about 8% of all investors. Compared to non‐fundamental investors, fundamental investors hold their positions on average three times longer and have positions 1.5 times larger. Fundamental investors are more present in firms which have more liquid stocks, which pay dividends, and which are relatively poorer performers and have relatively lower market‐to‐book than their industry peers.
Biomarker of Quality? Venture‐backed Biotech IPOs and Insider Participation
Authors: Jeppsson Hans 
Published: September 2023

Corporate financial managers of biotech firms need long‐term financing to reach key milestones, and that requires a long‐ term capital structure. They must balance a mix of investors with different objectives and different investment horizons that includes traditional venture capitalists and also hedge funds and mutual funds. This study helps practitioners understand the complex role of exit decisions, as venture capitalists seek better exit strategies and performance. IPOs are financing but not “exit” moves.In addition to certifying firm value, insider purchasing of shares in the IPO offering has two major consequences. First, venture capitalists reallocate large sums of capital from early‐stage to late‐stage deals that are expected to have lower risk (but also lower expected return) and shorter time to exit. Second, the speed at which VCs exit after the IPO depends on the firm ownership structure after the IPO and the stock liquidity. Going public with a significant participation by venture capitalists will probably increase the post‐IPO ownership and decrease the free float of the stock, implying a delay of the exit and the realization of the capital gains from the investments.Although this study has focused exclusively on the biotechnology industry, insider participation is not unique to it. Biotech's venture brethren in the software and technology industries also have insider participation in IPOs. During 2003–2015, approximately 41 venture‐backed firms outside of the biotechnology sector had insider participation.