bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) catch weight estimated with a trawl‐mounted echosounder during fishing
Authors: Krafft Bjørn Arne , Krag Ludvig A. , Pedersen Ronald , Ona Egil , Macaulay Gavin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReporting reliable catch weight estimates is important for all fisheries management. This study explores the potential for precise and direct estimation of catch weight (green weight) for the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fishery by employing a high frequency acoustic sensor in the trawl. Trials were performed off the coast of the South Orkney Islands during February 2020 using a scientific macroplankton trawl and echosounder providing a 18° beam pointing downwards across the fishing circle at the trawl mouth. The acoustically estimated catch weight and the observed catch weight had a linear relationship (R2 = 0.87, F(1,10) = 69.6, p < 0.000) where the acoustically estimated catch weight significantly predicted actual catch weight (β = 1.20, p = 0.000). The acoustic vertical densities of krill increased toward the center of the trawl opening suggesting that krill were herded during fishing. The current study demonstrates that acoustically based catch weight monitoring has the potential to be used for reporting total krill catch weight in each trawl, potentially in real‐time, and that similar methods could also be employed in similar types of trawl fisheries.
Simulation‐Optimization Approach for Siting Injection Wells in Urban Area with Complex Hydrogeology
Authors: Mok Chin Man , Carrera Barbara , Hort Hiroko , Santi Lauren , Daus Anthony , Panday Sorab , Jones David , Partington Brian , Ferguson Everett 
Published: April 2023

AbstractManaged aquifer recharge has become a standard water resources management practice to promote the development of locally sustainable water supplies and combat water scarcity. However, installation of injection wells for replenishment purposes in urban areas with complex hydrogeology faces many challenges, such as limited land availability, potential impacts on municipal production wells and known subsurface contamination plumes, and complex spatially variable hydraulic connections between aquifer units. To assess the feasibility and cost‐effectiveness of injecting advanced treated water (ATW) into a complex urban aquifer system, a Simulation‐Optimization (SO) model was developed to automate a systematic search for the most cost‐effective locations to install new wells for injecting various quantities of ATW, if feasible. The generalized workflow presented here uses an existing MODFLOW groundwater model—along with advanced optimization routines that are publicly available—to flexibly accommodate a multiobjective function, complex constraints, and specific project requirements. The model successfully placed wells for injection of 1 to 4 MGD of ATW in aquifers underlying the study area. The injection well placement was primarily constrained by avoiding excessive impact on environmental sites with underlying groundwater plumes. The largest costs were for well installation and piping to the wells from the existing ATW pipes. This workflow is readily adaptable to other sites with different complexities, decision variables, or constraints.
Hemoglobin levels as a surrogate marker of sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Shibamoto Akihiko , Namisaki Tadashi , Suzuki Junya , Kubo Takahiro , Iwai Satoshi , Tomooka Fumimasa , Takeda Soichi , Fujimoto Yuki , Enomoto Masahide , Murata Koji , Inoue Takashi , Tsuji Yuki , Fujinaga Yukihisa , Nishimura Norihisa , Kitagawa Koh , Takaya Hiroaki , Kaji Kosuke , Kawaratani Hideto , Akahane Takemi , Mitoro Akira , Yoshiji Hitoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to elucidate a surrogate marker of sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).MethodsA total of 424 patients were assessed for handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle index (SMI). They were divided into two groups: sarcopenia (Group S; n = 80) and nonsarcopenia (Group NS; n = 344).ResultsGroup S showed significantly lower HGS, SMI, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in males and female patients, and lower serum levels of albumin, cholinesterase, and zinc (all p < 0.001), along with significantly higher serum levels of procollagen type III‐N‐peptide and type IV collagen 7S‐domain (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0017) than Group NS. The risk factors for sarcopenia were age 65 years or older, female gender, Child–Pugh class C, and Hb levels <10.9 g/dL in women and <12.4 g/dL in men (p = 0.012, p < 0.001, p = 0.031, and p < 0.001, respectively). Significant positive correlations were found between the Hb level and the SMI and HGS (r = 0.4, p < 0.001 and r = 0.4, p < 0.001, respectively). Sarcopenia, low HGS, and low SMI were significantly associated with overall survival in patients with LC (all p < 0.001). The predictive accuracy of Hb levels for predicting sarcopenia was significantly higher than for predicting SMI and tended to be higher than for predicting HGS (p = 0.014 and p = 0.059, respectively).ConclusionHemoglobin levels are predictive of sarcopenia in patients with LC and warrants further investigation as a biomarker for sarcopenia in LC.
Role of Ca additive on the effect of phase composition and microstructure of BaZrO3 refractory and its interaction with titanium alloys
Authors: Yu Feihai , Chen Guangyao , Liu Jian , Zhang Man , Hou Xiao , Li Haitao , Lv Mingrui , Feng Qisheng , Duan Baohua , Li Chonghe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effect of different Ca additives (Ca(OH)2, CaO, and nano‐CaCO3) on the composition and microstructure of the fused BaZrO3 crucible were investigated, as well as their interaction with Ti2Ni alloy during vacuum induction melting. Results showed that the crucibles had the same phase compositions when the doping amounts of Ca additives were the same. Three kinds of Ca additives provided three different grain sizes of CaO precursors to participate in the solid solution reaction. When the doping amount of the Ca additive was 5.3 wt.%, the ZrO2 phase in the fused BaZrO3 was disappeared, and the CaZrO3 phase was founded. The composition of the crucibles doped with 7.7 wt.% Ca additives only consisted of Ba1‐xCaxZrO3 and CaZrO3 phase. The relative densities and erosion resistance of the crucibles were improved effectively with the increase of Ca additive content. Moreover, the crucible doped with 7.7 wt.% nano‐CaCO3 additive exhibited the highest density and the thinnest erosion layer. The Ba1‐xCaxZrO3 and CaZrO3 phases were dissolved by the alloy melt, according to the interaction analysis. In addition, the crucible doped with nano‐CaCO3 additive had a higher content of refractory element concentration in the alloy melts in comparision with the other two kinds of crucibles due to their higher number of pores.
Local and systemic effects of IDH mutations on primary glioma patients
Authors: Tang Feng , Wang Dan‐Wen , Xi Chen , Yang Jin‐Zhou , Liu Zhen‐Yuan , Yu Dong‐Hu , Wang Ze‐Fen , Li Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdult gliomas are divided into isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild‐type and IDH mutant subtypes according to the new 2021 World Health Organization classification system. However, the local and systemic effects of IDH mutations on primary glioma patients are not well illustrated. Retrospective analysis, immune‐cell infiltration analysis, meta‐analysis, and immunohistochemistry assay were applied in the present study. The results from our cohort showed that IDH mutant gliomas own a lower proliferating rate compared to that in wild‐type gliomas. Patients with mutant IDH exhibited a higher frequency of seizures in both our cohort and the cohort from the meta‐analysis. Mutations in IDH result in lower levels of intra‐tumour but higher levels of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Levels of neutrophils in both intra‐tumour and circulating blood were lower in IDH mutant gliomas. Moreover, IDH mutant glioma patients receiving radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy exhibited better overall survival with respect to radiotherapy alone. Mutations in IDH alters the local and circulating immune microenvironment, and increases the sensitivity of tumour cell to chemotherapy.
ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF ONCE‐DAILY ISOSORBIDE‐5‐MONONITRATE ON THE EXERCISE CAPACITY OF PATIENTS WITH ANGINA PECTORIS TREATED WITH A BETA‐BLOCKING DRUG
Authors: Eteiba H , Hutton I , Foale R A , Akhras F , Jackson G , Prescott R J , Hallam R J , Quinn K J 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY Forty‐four patients with stable effort angina pectoris were included in a double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study to compare the effect of two slow‐release forms of isosorbide‐5‐mononitrate (‘Ismo‐Retard’ 40 mg and ‘Imdur’ 60 mg) on exercise capacity when given as an adjunctive treatment to beta adrenoreceptor blocking therapy.In a symptom‐limited exercise test performed three hours after the first dose, Ismo‐retard increased the total duration of exercise by 92 seconds (confidence interval (CI) 5.1 – 116.9) p<0.006, and the time of onset to anginal pain by 117 seconds (CI 27.8, 156.1) p<0.004. A similar improvement in total duration of exercise (by 87 seconds) was noted three hours following 15 consecutive once‐daily doses (CI 16.8 – 128) p <0.02, and in the time of onset to anginal pain by 101 seconds (CI 19.8–139.6) p <0.01. For Imdur the corresponding results were 53 seconds (CI 12.7 – 56.3), 84 seconds (CI 15.4 – 103.7), p <.02, 54 seconds (CI 1.4 – 78.4) and 85 seconds (CI 6.9 – 120.5) respectively.These results would suggest that both active treatments were effective anti‐anginal agents.
HEARTBURN AND GASTRO‐OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
Authors: Bennett J R 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY Heartburn is a readily recognised symptom which half the British population have experienced at some time, and a fifth have frequently. It is the predominant symptom of gastro‐oesophageal reflux, although less than two thirds of sufferers have endoscopically visible oesophagitis. Heartburn can also be associated with peptic ulcers or functional dyspepsia.Several changes in oesophageal function contribute to the syndrome of gastro‐oesophageal reflux, the most important being inadequacy of the complex mechanism at the gastro‐oesophageal junction. Understanding the various functional failures offers a better understanding of the therapeutic possibilities.
Effect of pre‐drying methods on the quality aspects of explosive puffed dried beef snack
Authors: Bodruk Anıl , Elmas Feyza , Köprüalan Aydın Özgün , Arikaya Şeyma , Serdaroğlu Fatma Meltem , Koç Mehmet , Koca Nurcan , Kaymak‐Ertekin Figen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHot air drying (HAD), freeze drying (FD), and microwave drying (MD) pretreatments were applied under different conditions to determine the effect of the pre‐drying methods on the explosive puffing drying (EPD) of beef samples. All samples were pre‐dried up to 30%, 40%, and 50% moisture contents (wb), and three different pre‐drying conditions were treated (60–75–90°C for HAD, 0.1–0.15–0.2 mbar for FD, and 180–360–540 W for MD), and EPD was applied at constant conditions until the final moisture content. The protein contents of all the samples were high, and TBARS values were below 2 mg/kg sample. FD + EPD combined application has provided lower water activity, more crispy, less hard, more expanded, and higher rehydration capacity. The most appropriate pre‐drying method was found to be FD with the conditions of 0.1 mbar and 30% moisture content [wb]) prior to EPD to obtain beef snacks having a high protein content, crispy texture, and acceptable color.Practical ApplicationLong drying times, noncrispy texture, and low sensorial quality are the main problems in dried meat products. EPD is a novel texturizing and drying method providing a crispy texture in a relatively short time by improving product quality. In recent years, different pre‐drying methods have been applied to improve the effect of EPD method. An acceptable beef snack with high protein content, crispy texture, and higher volumetric expansion was obtained for the first time by combining FD + EPD in this research. The method can be applicable to scale‐up studies. Thus, well‐texturized, highly nutritious, and acceptable dried beef snacks, cheese snacks, vegan products, and fortified products with some vitamins and bioactives can be produced by this method in relatively short time with high quality.
Critical infrastructure network modelling for flood risk analyses: Approach and proof of concept in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Schotten Roman , Bachmann Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn flood risk analysis, it is state‐of‐the‐art to determine the direct consequences of flooding for assets and people. Flooding also disrupts critical infrastructure (CI) networks, which are vital in modern society. Cascading effects in a CI network can exceed the hydrological catchment boundaries. The effects of directly impacted CI cascade to other infrastructures, which are thus indirectly affected by a flood. A robust modelling approach of CI networks is a basis for including these effects in flood risk analysis. One challenge is to balance the simplicity of the modelling approach, the reproduction of a CI network's complexity and the decisions made based on potential model outputs. In this article, a topology‐based modelling approach of CI networks for catchment‐wide flood risk analyses is proposed. The basic model elements are points, connectors and polygons, which are utilised to represent a multisectoral and layered CI network. The newly defined approach is implemented as CI network module to the state‐of‐the‐art flood risk analysis framework ProMaIDes. It analyses the CI's direct and cascading impacts as well as the indirect disruption of CI services triggered by flooding scenarios. It quantifies the consequences by determining the number of disrupted CI users or the disruption time. A proof of concept in Accra, Ghana demonstrates the method's capabilities.
Corruption Control, Financial Development, and Growth Volatility: Cross‐Country Evidence
Authors: STRUTHMANN PHILIPP , WALLE YABIBAL M. , HERWARTZ HELMUT 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe examine the effect of corruption control on the volatility of economic growth using cross‐country data that cover 131 economies worldwide for the period 1985–2018. To estimate the growth volatility model, we employ the system generalized method‐of‐moments estimator for dynamic panel data, which addresses potential endogeneity concerns using internal instruments. Our results show that corruption control significantly reduces growth volatility. This effect is robust to controlling for other measures of institutional quality. Moreover, we find some evidence for an indirect impact of corruption control on growth volatility through its role in reinforcing the volatility‐dampening effect of financial development.
Patterns of parental online health information‐seeking behaviour
Authors: Yudianto Benedicta , Caldwell Patrina HY , Nanan Ralph , Barnes Elizabeth H , Scott Karen M 
Published: April 2023

AimThis study aimed to understand parents' online health information‐seeking behaviour and the potential influence of this on their relationship with their child's physician.MethodsA survey regarding parental online health information‐seeking behaviour was administered to parents of children aged under 18 years admitted to an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital, paediatric hospital ward and paediatric clinic, and in their social media networks. Responses were presented as frequencies and percentages. Associations between parents' trust in their child's doctor and survey responses were analysed using χ2 tests.ResultsIn all, 300 surveys were completed. Most parents (89%) reported searching for online health information when their child was sick. Some (31%) followed online health information instead of going to the doctor. Parents who trusted their child's doctor were more likely to follow the doctor instead of online health information when it contained conflicting advice. Most parents (91%) wanted health‐care professionals' help in searching for online health information.ConclusionAlmost all parents search for online health information, but most do not act on it. Parents' trust in their child's doctor influences how parents use online health information. Thus, clinicians could recommend trustworthy websites with information that complements their advice to ensure parents access reliable online health information.
Characterization of intestinal fibrosis in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Bandara Yuvani , Priestnall Simon L. , Chang Yu‐Mei , Kathrani Aarti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal fibrosis (IF) is commonly identified on histopathology of intestinal biopsy specimens (IBSp) from cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) however, its clinical relevance is unknown.ObjectivesCharacterize and determine the clinical relevance of IF in cats with CIE.AnimalsSixty‐five client‐owned cats diagnosed with CIE after gastrointestinal histopathology from a single referral hospital in the United Kingdom.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively searched for cases of CIE on the basis of histopathology of IBSp. The IBSp from eligible cats were re‐reviewed by a single board‐certified veterinary pathologist for inclusion. Masson's trichrome (MT) stain and immunohistochemical labeling using antivimentin and anticollagen I antibodies to identify IF. For each case, various variables at the time of diagnostic investigation were recorded and referring veterinarians were contacted for follow‐up information.ResultsMucosal fibrosis was identified in 51% of duodenal and 76% of colonic hematoxylin and eosin (HE)‐stained IBSp. Vimentin labeling and MT staining identified additional cases of IF in 65% and 58% of the duodenal biopsy specimens, respectively. Vimentin labeling detected IF in 79% of the colonic biopsy specimens. Positive vimentin labeling and MT staining of the colonic mucosa were associated with decreased likelihood of attaining clinical remission and increased risk of death because of CIE (P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAdditional stains at initial histopathologic examination of IBSp allow for better identification of IF compared to routine HE staining. Identification of IF in colonic biopsy specimens by vimentin immunolabeling and MT staining may provide prognostic information in cats with CIE.
Therapeutic efficacy of enrofloxacin in treatment of Francisella orientalis infections in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)
Authors: de Oliveira Thaís Ferreira , de Queiróz Guilherme Alvez , Pimenta Leibowitz Marcia , Leal Carlos Augusto Gomes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOutbreaks of infections by Francisella orientalis represent one of the main obstacles to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) farming. It is responsible for acute mortality in fingerlings and juveniles. The main control measure available is oral antibiotic therapy. This study compared the therapeutic efficacy of the antibiotics enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline, the most commonly used antimicrobial, against francisellosis in juvenile Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Fish were challenged with a virulent isolate of F. orientalis and treated with medicated feed containing one of two doses of oxytetracycline (100 or 300 mg/kg of live weight (LW)) or 10 mg/kg of LW of enrofloxacin. The positive and negative control groups received feed without antibiotics; the negative control group was unchallenged. The results showed that enrofloxacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg of LW is effective against francisellosis in juvenile Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Treatment with oxytetracycline did not eliminate the pathogen from the infected host, and the surviving fish became carriers. Enrofloxacin was able to cure the fish of infection with F. orientalis. This study suggests that enrofloxacin is a better option for treating francisellosis in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus L.). It controls mortality and avoids the carrier state in the fish, thus reducing the possibility of recurrence in the affected batches.
Licensing standard‐essential patents in artificial intelligence‐based apps: A theory on dynamic royalty pricing mechanism
Authors: Baruah Sunandan , Saikia Ankur P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStandard‐essential patents (SEPs) are patents that are deemed essential to a specific technology standard, such as those used in wireless communication technologies. With the increased use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in a variety of applications, there is a greater demand for SEPs in the field of AI‐based apps. However, licencing SEPs can be a complicated process, and there is no agreement on best practises for SEP licencing in AI‐based apps. The adoption of a multifactor approach for determining FRAND royalty rates, the use of ex ante licencing to prevent patent hold‐up, and the establishment of specialized dispute resolution mechanisms for SEP disputes are some of the proposed best practices for SEP licencing in AI‐based apps. As potential solutions to the challenges associated with determining FRAND royalty rates in AI‐based apps, this study proposed alternative royalty schemes, such as the use of a per‐unit royalty rate or a revenue‐sharing scheme.
Post‐earthquake functionality assessment of subway stations considering the interdependency among sub‐systems
Authors: Wen Weiping , Hu Jie , Zhai Changhai , Pei Shunshun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a framework for the post‐earthquake functionality assessment of subway stations, in which the effects of seismic damage of components and interdependency among sub‐systems are considered by combining the fault tree analysis and Bayesian network method, and the post‐earthquake functionality is quantified by combining multi‐agent simulation and simulation optimization methods. The effectiveness of this method is verified based on a numerical study of a typical subway station. The proposed framework can assist stakeholders of subway stations to systematically assess the functional performance of the system under different earthquake levels and provide support for the design and post‐earthquake emergency management of subway stations.
ACE and ACE2 catalytic activity in the fecal content along the gut
Authors: Ferreira‐Duarte Mariana , Oliveira Lilian Caroline Gonçalves , Quintas Clara , Esteves‐Monteiro Marisa , Duarte‐Araújo Margarida , Sousa Teresa , Casarini Dulce Elena , Morato Manuela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAngiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 are two major enzymes of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), which control the formation/degradation of angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang1‐7, regulating their opposite effects. We aimed at evaluating the catalytic activity of ACE and ACE2 in the intestinal content and corresponding intestinal tissue along the gut of Wistar Han rats.MethodsPortions of the ileum, cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon, and the corresponding intestinal content were collected from Wistar Han rats. Enzyme activity was evaluated by fluorometric assays using different substrates: Hippuryl‐His‐Leu for ACE‐C‐domain, Z‐Phe‐His‐Leu for ACE‐N‐domain, and Mca‐APK(Dnp) for ACE2. ACE and ACE2 concentration was assessed by ELISA. Ratios concerning concentrations and activities were calculated to evaluate the balance of the RAAS. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test or Wilcoxon matched‐pairs test whenever needed.Key ResultsACE and ACE2 are catalytically active in the intestinal content along the rat gut. The ACE N‐domain shows higher activity than the C‐domain both in the intestinal content and in the intestinal tissue. ACE and ACE2 are globally more active in the intestinal content than in the corresponding intestinal tissue. There was a distal‐to‐proximal prevalence of ACE2 over ACE in the intestinal tissue.Conclusions & InferencesThis work is the first to report the presence of catalytically active ACE and ACE2 in the rat intestinal content, supporting future research on the regulatory role of the intestinal RAAS on gut function and a putative link to the microbiome.