bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerated steam eradicates powdery mildew from strawberry transplants
Authors: Stensvand Arne , Wang Nan-Yi , Le Vinh Hong , Da Silva Claudio Dias , Asalf Belachew , Grieu Chloe , Turechek William W. , Peres Natalia A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPowdery mildew, caused by the ascomycete Podosphaera aphanis, is an important disease of strawberry. A slightly modified version of a method using steam thermotherapy to rid diseases and pests from strawberry transplants was tested against strawberry powdery mildew. Experiments took place in Norway and Florida, with potted strawberry plants heavily infected with the fungus. Aerated steam treatments of the plants were carried out as follows: a pre-treatment with steaming at 37 °C for 1 h was followed by 1 h at ambient temperature before plants were exposed to steaming at 40, 42, or 44 °C for 2 or 4 h in Norway and 44 °C for 4 h in Florida. Following steaming, plants from the different treatments and the untreated control were kept apart and protected from outside contamination of powdery mildew by growing them in closed containers with over-pressure. On steamed plants, hyphae of P. aphanis were dead and without any new spore formation after treatments, independent of temperature or exposure time; however, up to 99% of the area infected with powdery mildew prior to treatments contained actively sporulating lesions on non-steamed plants. None of the new leaves formed after steaming had powdery mildew, whereas more than half of the new leaves on non-treated plants were infected by P. aphanis. This investigation clearly indicates that steam thermotherapy can eradicate powdery mildew from strawberry transplants, and this can be achieved at lower temperatures and exposure times than previously reported for other pathogens.
Sustainable assessment of concrete structures using BIM–LCA–AHP integrated approach
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed A. , Seif Samer M. , El-Tafesh Menna M. , Bahnas Noha , Elserafy Mohamed M. , Bakhoum Emad S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecently, sustainability has become one of the most critical goals to be accomplished in the construction industry to mitigate its environmental impacts, energy consumption, waste, and cost. Therefore, this research aims to assess the sustainability of concrete structures using the Building Information Modeling and Life Cycle Assessment (BIM–LCA) approach. It can aid to rank and select the type of concrete based on sustainability criteria including CO2 emissions, embodied energy, and cost using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. One-Click LCA tool has been used for the recognition of the distinctions in the LCA results by adopting different environmental product declaration databases. HBERT is used as a verification tool for One-Click LCA results. A comparative study is applied to a multi-story car park concrete structure using both traditional concrete and green concrete that includes supplementary waste materials. Three different models of concrete that have the same compressive strength are selected: traditional concrete, green concrete using 30% fly ash, and green concrete using 50% ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). The results showed that using 50% GGBFS in the concrete mix is the most sustainable alternative in terms of CO2 emissions and embodied energy. Finally, it is concluded that using BIM–LCA–AHP integrated approach can help engineers to design computerized models that improve the sustainability of construction by evaluation based on sustainable objectives.
A least-squares-fitting procedure for an efficient preclinical ranking of passive transport across the blood–brain barrier endothelium
Authors: Jorgensen Christian , Troendle Evan P. , Ulmschneider Jakob P. , Searson Peter C. , Ulmschneider Martin B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe treatment of various disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) is often impeded by the limited brain exposure of drugs, which is regulated by the human blood–brain barrier (BBB). The screening of lead compounds for CNS penetration is challenging due to the biochemical complexity of the BBB, while experimental determination of permeability is not feasible for all types of compounds. Here we present a novel method for rapid preclinical screening of libraries of compounds by utilizing advancements in computing hardware, with its foundation in transition-based counting of the flux. This method has been experimentally validated for in vitro permeabilities and provides atomic-level insights into transport mechanisms. Our approach only requires a single high-temperature simulation to rank a compound relative to a library, with a typical simulation time converging within 24 to 72 h. The method offers unbiased thermodynamic and kinetic information to interpret the passive transport of small-molecule drugs across the BBB.
Graphical abstract
PrEP Among Sub-Saharan African Diaspora Communities in Belgium – a Participatory Action Research Study
Authors: Van Landeghem Ella , Arbier Alida , Pratt Christian Sydney A. , Senga Mikaza , Scheerder Gert , Reyniers Thijs , Hensen Bernadette , Nöstlinger Christiana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn Belgium, migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounted for 45% of new heterosexual HIV infections in 2021, while only 1.5% of PrEP starters were of SSA descent. We explored the acceptance of PrEP and barriers towards PrEP uptake and use among SSA migrant and diaspora communities in Belgium using a participatory action research approach. Trained community researchers (CRs), involved in all phases of the study, co-designed and moderated group discussions (GDs) while simultaneously providing information on HIV and PrEP during workshops. Extensive summaries and field notes were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. CRs were involved in data analysis, interpretation and reporting. We conducted seven GDs with 51 participants. We identified five major themes: (1) Participants had limited PrEP knowledge, which created feelings of surprise and annoyance about not being informed. This was partly explained by (2) the taboo and stigma that surrounds sexuality and HIV, which could shape PrEP acceptance. (3) Participants shared feelings of otherness due to experiences of racism and discrimination, also in relationship to HIV prevention. (4) PrEP was considered a high-threshold prevention tool, because of its perceived side-effects and its specialized service delivery. (5) Despite nuanced opinions about PrEP, all participants agreed that PrEP promotion should be mainstreamed, so everyone can make an informed decision. In conclusion, PrEP seemed acceptable among our participants. Our qualitative study provides insights into the intersecting barriers to accessing HIV services, showing that SSA diaspora communities are ‘hardly reached’ rather than ‘hard to reach’ by PrEP promotion messages.
Accelerated carbonation of oil-well cement blended with pozzolans and latent hydraulic materials
Authors: Kuzielová Eva , Slaný Michal , Žemlička Matúš , Másilko Jiří 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccelerated carbonation of cement mixtures consisting of class G cement, silica fume, metakaolin, or blast furnace slag was studied by thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses for 1 year. Surface parts were fully carbonated during the first 7 days. Polymerization of amorphous hydrates due to their decalcification was observed together with the rising amount of calcium carbonates and reformation of gypsum from ettringite and monosulfate. Decalcification of clinker phases took place fast after the depletion of portlandite. Although portlandite was still present in unblended pastes, because of slower carbonation rate in the surface parts and higher C/S ratio of amorphous hydrates, the carbonation front moved inward during 3 months. Pozzolanic reactions in the samples with 30 mass% of additives depleted portlandite, however, higher amounts of C–(A)–S–H phases with lower C/S ratio, denser microstructure and faster carbonation of surface parts ensured their resistance against carbonation throughout the monitored period.
Evaluation of the simplified method of fulvic fractions extraction from peat and lignite
Authors: Huculak-Mączka Marta , Kaniewski Maciej , Marecka Kinga , Biegun Marcin , Tymoszewicz Magdalena , Klem-Marciniak Ewelina , Nieweś Dominik , Hoffmann Krystyna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to numerous and valuable properties of humic substances, preparations produced from alternative organic materials have been widely used in agriculture, bioremediations, dietary supplements and others. In addition to well-known humic acids, fulvic acids (FA) are a valuable product with a wide range of applications. The aim of performed examinations was to assess the thermal and physicochemical properties of FA obtained from lignite and peat using simplified conventional and ultrasound-assisted methods. DSC coupled with TG and MS, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry has been used to examine extracted FA. Depending on the source of FA and the extraction method applied, their structure and properties differ. Obtained FA fractions varied for both tested raw materials in terms of analyzed carbon structures, and the highest discrepancy was observed for carbonyl groups (20.2 pp) in fractions obtained by conventional extraction. The use of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), in comparison with the traditional method, lowered the ratio of carbon in carbonyl groups by 8.4 pp and increased the ratio of aromatic and aliphatic carbon by 3.5 and 4.9 pp, respectively, for FA obtained from lignite. As for FA obtained from peat, the UAE effect appeared to be less impactful in terms of structural changes. Thermal analysis showed that the products were thermally stable up to 100 °C, and the simplified extraction resulted in the creation of mineral-organic structures that decomposed at unusually high temperatures. Simplifying the extraction process, by excluding inorganic purification and protonation of obtained FA fractions, greatly affects product quality and limits its possible application.
Rapid vegetation responses over the last seven decades revealed by an alpine ice core and land-cover patterns
Authors: Festi Daniela , Alessi Nicola , Wellstein Camilla , Zerbe Stefan , Oeggl Klaus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Context
Syntheses of vegetation responses over the last century are rare for the Alps, and limited in chronological and taxonomical resolution. We propose that pollen records from glaciers can be used to fill this gap.

Objectives
Our aim is to evaluate the reliability of glacier pollen records as historical archives of biodiversity to obtain plant diversity data and landscape changes. In detail, we aim at reconstructing taxa and vegetation trends in central sector of the Italian Alps over the last century integrating pollen-inferred vegetation trends with drifts in spatially explicit land-cover.

Methods
Our study area is the Lombardy region (Italy). We performed pollen analyses of Adamello glacier cores, and reconstructed trends of single taxa and main vegetation types since the 1950s. Pollen-inferred vegetation trends were calculated using pollen indicators obtained from a database of vegetation-plot observations. The reliability of these trends is evaluated by comparison with spatially explicit tendencies reconstructed with a time-series of land-cover maps.

Results
Pollen records well represent the natural vegetation types as the temperate and the riverine forests, and the anthropic vegetation as crops and alien species. From the 1980s a thermophilisation took place, and warm-demanding native and alien species expanded. The contraction of cultivated land since the 1970s, and the decline of the riverine forest appear driven by socio-economic factors.

Conclusions
We conclude that pollen-inferred vegetation trends from glaciers can be used to obtain large scale biodiversity information. This is relevant also for areas where biodiversity data are scarce but needed for landscape management planning.
Pharmacists in general practice: what do they do? A qualitative case study
Authors: Kempen Thomas Gerardus Hendrik , Koumi Rouzi , Sporrong Sofia Kälvemark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Pharmacists working in general practice are a relatively new phenomenon in many European countries. Providing insight into what pharmacists do in general practice may support further implementation of general practice-based pharmacist roles and enhance their contribution to health care.

Aim
To explore the tasks performed by pharmacists in general practice in Sweden.

Method
A case study was conducted in 7 general practices in Uppsala County, Sweden, where pharmacists were employed. Activities performed by pharmacists were self-reported during March 2021. Participant observations and semi-structured interviews with pharmacists were conducted between October and November 2021. Self-reported activities were categorised and analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using conventional content analysis.

Results
In total, 174 activities were self-reported by 8 pharmacists. Two pharmacists were observed for 2 days each, and 6 pharmacists were interviewed. Their main task was conducting medication reviews in older patients with polypharmacy. In addition, they handled a broad variety of drug-related questions and treatment follow-up. Pharmacists described working in a more efficient and needs-based manner over time. They stressed that working at the practice increased their accessibility to and their collaborative work with other healthcare professionals, and enabled them to meet patients face-to-face. Future challenges include defining tasks more clearly, assuming greater responsibility for patient care, and meeting the growing demand for pharmacists in general practice.

Conclusion
Pharmacists in general practice in Sweden perform a broad variety of tasks related to identifying, resolving and preventing drug-related problems, mainly in older patients with polypharmacy.
Drought conditioning of rhizosphere microbiome influences maize water use traits
Authors: Carter Kelsey R. , Nachtsheim Abigael C. , Dickman L. Turin , Moore Eric R. , Negi Sangeeta , Heneghan John P. , Sabella Anthony J. , Steadman Christina R. , Albright Michaeline B. N. , Anderson-Cook Christine M. , Comas Louise H. , Harris Rose J. , Heikoop Jeffrey M. , Lubbers Nicholas , Marina Oana C. , Musa Dea , Newman Brent D. , Perkins George B. , Twary Scott , Yeager Chris M. , Sevanto Sanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsBeneficial plant–microbe interactions can improve plant performance under drought; however, we know less about how drought-induced shifts in microbial communities affect plant traits.MethodsWe cultivatedZea maysin fritted clay with soil microbiomes originating from contrasting environments (agriculture or forest) under two irrigation treatments (well-watered or water limited). Using this design, we investigated whether water conditioning was carried forward through the microbiome to affect a subsequent plant cohort that was subjected to either a well-watered or water limited treatment.ResultsRegardless of the microbiome-origin, plants inoculated with a microbiome from a water limited legacy had traits that allowed them to avoid stress but conserve water. They produced longer roots to explore soil, generated greater soil dissolved organic carbon, potentially stimulating the microbiome, and slower soil water content loss during drought. A well-watered legacy resulted in plants that delayed permanent stomatal closure and higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. In plants with a forest-originated microbiome, a well-watered legacy and water treatment also resulted in higher rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that soil microbiomes can be developed to influence plant drought performance, impacting crop resilience, using short-term microbial conditioning.
Postcritical school leadership encounters
Authors: Magno Cathryn , Becker Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEstablishing quality education as a human right, public undertaking, and common good representative of humanity and the planet through imagining a “new social contract for education” is an ambitious endeavor and crucial to (post)humanity’s myriad ways of knowing, living, and being. This article introduces postcritical educational leadership as an indispensable element in shaping the future of education by informing and implementing new social contracts within schools, the wider education system, and other potential spaces of response-ability and intra-action (Barad in Meeting the universe halfway: quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning, Duke University Press, Durham, 2007; Derrida Today 3(2):240–268, 2010). Within complex, rapidly changing, and self-generating systems, modes, models, and mechanisms of governance become re-territorialized, constantly forming new assemblages consisting of new structures, actors, and context-dependent educational landscapes. Dynamic and heterogeneous assemblages make a static understanding of governance not only superfluous; they make it impossible. We need to loosen power, stability, and neoliberal structures to generate new forms of participative leadership—particularly at the school level—characterized by cooperation, solidarity, trust, and justice. We therefore reframe educational leadership as becoming among all actors within multifaceted, rhizomatic (education) system(s) (Deleuze and Guattari in A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia, Minnesota University Press, Minneapolis, 1987). We argue for a multi-perspectival view of leadership that includes a focus on how school leaders perceive their own becoming (e.g., their needs, positionalities, emotions) and how this becoming intra-acts with increasing social, cultural, political, and ecological complexity. Deeper engagement through introspection, self-analysis, and a processing of self-in-context together with exploration of school leaders’ experiences with entanglements and assemblages will inform new governance arrangements and just and sustainable future-thinking and future-acting in education.
Is tax return information useful to equity investors?
Authors: Demeré Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractI examine whether tax return information is useful to equity investors. I do so indirectly, by exploiting unique features of the syndicated loan market, as evidence shows that lenders obtain tax returns from borrowers and that lenders’ private information is transmitted to equity markets when institutional investors are part of a loan syndicate. I find significant increases in tax expense valuation and decreases in tax-related market anomalies following the issuance of institutional syndicated loans, suggesting that equity investors find information about firm performance in tax returns that is useful for their trading decisions. I also find evidence suggesting that institutional investors may determine their loan syndicate participation in part based on the value of tax return information. This study extends prior research and informs policy debates over public disclosure of corporate tax return information by providing evidence to support that tax returns can be useful to investor decision making.
The Discursive Construction of Antisemitism in Nazi Children’s Books: Elvira Bauer’s Trust No Fox (1936) and Ernst Hiemer’s The Poisonous Mushroom (1938)
Authors: Green Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article deals with the construction and performance of antisemitism in Nazi children’s books. It provides an explorative discourse analysis ofTrust No Foxas reported (Bauer, Trau keinem Fuchs auf grüner Heid und keinem Jud bei seinem Eid! Ein Bilderbuch für Gross und Klein, Stürmer-Verlag, Nuremberg, 1936) andThe Poisonous Mushroomas reported (Hiemer, Der Giftpilz—ein Stürmerbuch für Jung u. Alt, Stürmer-Verlag, Nuremberg, 1938) through the lens of Critical applied legal linguistics (CrALL). It seeks to elucidate how ‘Jewishness’ is constructed in the two books, with a view to enhancing our understanding of the intertextual and interdiscursive embeddedness of anti-Semitic rhetoric generally and nomination and predication strategies specifically. To this end, a specialised corpus of 10,002 tokens, 2,345 types and 43 illustrations was compiled. Subsequently XML annotation was applied with the data being parsed into headings, sentences and/or lines. It was found that the books follow a Jewish/non-Jewish dichotomy, consistently referring to breaches of custom, morality, religion and law. Both works purport to provide descriptive accounts of ‘Jews as they are,’ when, in fact, they generate the normative illusion of ‘Jews as they ought to be’ according to Nazi ideology. It is suggested to use the insights gained into the anti-Semitic rhetoric of children’s books to detect, describe and critique patterns of anti-Semitic rhetoric today.
The role of academic context-related factors and problematic social media use in academic procrastination: A cross-sectional study of students in elementary, secondary, and tertiary education
Authors: Touloupis Thanos , Campbell Marilyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated students’ academic procrastination in elementary, secondary, and tertiary education cross-sectionally, by simultaneously examining the predictive role of perceived academic context-related factors and problematic social media use (PSMU) in the manifestation of procrastination. Students from elementary (N = 532), secondary (N = 561) and tertiary education (N = 519) from randomly selected Greek schools and university departments completed a self-report questionnaire, which included scales on academic procrastination, academic engagement, academic connectedness, and PSMU. The results showed that elementary and secondary school students procrastinate more than university students, who perceive procrastination as a problem and desire to reduce it to a greater extent. No gender differences were found regarding students’ procrastination. Furthermore, the path analyses revealed similarities and differences in the explanatory models of procrastination for the three student-groups. Generally, academic engagement and connectedness negatively predicted academic procrastination, while PSMU negatively mediated this relationship. Nevertheless, among the three path models, different dimensions of the predictive variables involved contributed to procrastination in elementary, secondary, and tertiary education. The findings imply that in each level of education specific academic context-related psychological states could be enhanced along with the promotion of safe social media use to effectively prevent students’ academic procrastination.