bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide participation in FIT-based colorectal cancer screening in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study
Authors: Olesen Tina Bech , Jensen Henry , Møller Henrik , Jensen Jens Winther , Andersen Berit , Rasmussen Morten 
Published: January 2023

Background:Worldwide, most colorectal cancer screening programmes were paused at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, while the Danish faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based programme continued without pausing. We examined colorectal cancer screening participation and compliance with subsequent colonoscopy in Denmark throughout the pandemic.Methods:We used data from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Screening Database among individuals aged 50–74 years old invited to participate in colorectal cancer screening from 2018 to 2021 combined with population-wide registries. Using a generalised linear model, we estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of colorectal cancer screening participation within 90 days since invitation and compliance with colonoscopy within 60 days since a positive FIT test during the pandemic in comparison with the previous years adjusting for age, month and year of invitation.Results:Altogether, 3,133,947 invitations were sent out to 1,928,725 individuals and there were 94,373 positive FIT tests (in 92,848 individuals) during the study period. Before the pandemic, 60.7% participated in screening within 90 days. A minor reduction in participation was observed at the start of the pandemic (PR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94–0.96 in pre-lockdown and PR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.85–0.86 in first lockdown) corresponding to a participation rate of 54.9% during pre-lockdown and 53.0% during first lockdown. This was followed by a 5–10% increased participation in screening corresponding to a participation rate of up to 64.9%. The largest increase in participation was observed among 55–59 years old and among immigrants. The compliance with colonoscopy within 60 days was 89.9% before the pandemic. A slight reduction was observed during first lockdown (PR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0.98), where after it resumed to normal levels.Conclusions:Participation in the Danish FIT-based colorectal cancer screening programme and subsequent compliance to colonoscopy after a positive FIT result was only slightly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.Funding:The study was funded by the Danish Cancer Society Scientific Committee (Grant number R321-A17417) and the Danish regions.
Monitoring algorithm of hospitalized patients in a medical center with SARS-CoV-2 (Omicron variant) infection: clinical epidemiological surveillance and immunological assessment
Authors: Chen Chi-Sheng , Jian Ming-Jr , Chang Chih-Kai , Chung Hsing-Yi , Li Shih-Yi , Lin Jung-Chung , Yeh Kuo-Ming , Yang Ya-Sung , Chen Chien-Wen , Hsieh Shan-Shan , Tang Sheng-Hui , Perng Cherng-Lih , Chang Feng-Yee , Shang Hung-Sheng 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major healthcare threat worldwide. Since it was first identified in November 2021, the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into several lineages, including BA.1, BA.2–BA.4, and BA.5. SARS-CoV-2 variants might increase transmissibility, pathogenicity, and resistance to vaccine-induced immunity. Thus, the epidemiological surveillance of circulating lineages using variant phenotyping is essential. The aim of the current study was to characterize the clinical outcome of Omicron BA.2 infections among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and to perform an immunological assessment of such cases against SARS-CoV-2.

Patients and Methods
We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of the BioIC SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG detection kit, which was used for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 257 patients infected with the Omicron variant.

Results
Poor prognosis was noted in 38 patients, including eight deaths in patients characterized by comorbidities predisposing them to severe COVID-19. The variant-of-concern (VOC) typing and serological analysis identified time-dependent epidemic trends of BA.2 variants emerging in the outbreak of the fourth wave in Taiwan. Of the 257 specimens analyzed, 108 (42%) and 24 (9.3%) were positive for anti-N IgM and IgG respectively.

Conclusion
The VOC typing of these samples allowed for the identification of epidemic trends by time intervals, including the B.1.1.529 variant replacing the B.1.617.2 variant. Moreover, antibody testing might serve as a complementary method for COVID-19 diagnosis. The combination of serological testing results with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold value has potential value in disease prognosis, thereby aiding in epidemic investigations conducted by clinicians or the healthcare department.
Assessing the breeding phenology of a threatened frog species using eDNA and automatic acoustic monitoring
Authors: Chen Ying , Tournayre Orianne , Tian Haolun , Lougheed Stephen C. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Climate change has driven shifts in breeding phenology of many amphibians, causing phenological mismatches (e.g., predator-prey interactions), and potentially population declines. Collecting data with high spatiotemporal sensitivity on hibernation emergence and breeding times can inform conservation best practices. However, monitoring the phenology of amphibians can be challenging because of their cryptic nature over much of their life cycle. Moreover, most salamanders and caecilians do not produce conspicuous breeding calls like frogs and toads do, presenting additional monitoring challenges.

Methods
In this study, we designed and evaluated the performance of an environmental DNA (eDNA) droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay as a non-invasive tool to assess the breeding phenology of a Western Chorus Frog population (Pseudacris maculata mitotype) in Eastern Ontario and compared eDNA detection patterns to hourly automatic acoustic monitoring. For two eDNA samples with strong PCR inhibition, we tested three methods to diminish the effect of inhibitors: diluting eDNA samples, adding bovine serum albumin to PCR reactions, and purifying eDNA using a commercial clean-up kit.

Results
We recorded the first male calling when the focal marsh was still largely frozen. Chorus frog eDNA was detected on April 6th, 6 days after acoustic monitoring revealed this first calling male, but only 2 days after males attained higher chorus activity. eDNA signals were detected at more sampling locales within the marsh and eDNA concentrations increased as more males participated in the chorus, suggesting that eDNA may be a reasonable proxy for calling assemblage size. Internal positive control revealed strong inhibition in some samples, limiting detection probability and quantification accuracy in ddPCR. We found diluting samples was the most effective in reducing inhibition and improving eDNA quantification.

Conclusions
Altogether, our results showed that eDNA ddPCR signals lagged behind male chorusing by a few days; thus, acoustic monitoring is preferable if the desire is to document the onset of male chorusing. However, eDNA may be an effective, non-invasive monitoring tool for amphibians that do not call and may provide a useful complement to automated acoustic recording. We found inhibition patterns were heterogeneous across time and space and we demonstrate that an internal positive control should always be included to assess inhibition for eDNA ddPCR signal interpretations.
Musculoskeletal simulations to examine the effects of accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) on jump height
Authors: Su Eric Yung-Sheng , Carroll Timothy J. , Farris Dominic J. , Lichtwark Glen A. 
Published: January 2023

Background
During counter movement jumps, adding weight in the eccentric phase and then suddenly releasing this weight during the concentric phase, known as accentuated eccentric loading (AEL), has been suggested to immediately improve jumping performance. The level of evidence for the positive effects of AEL remains weak, with conflicting evidence over the effectiveness in enhancing performance. Therefore, we proposed to theoretically explore the influence of implementing AEL during constrained vertical jumping using computer modelling and simulation and examined whether the proposed mechanism of enhanced power, increased elastic energy storage and return, could enhance work and power.

Methods
We used a simplified model, consisting of a ball-shaped body (head, arm, and trunk), two lower limb segments (thigh and shank), and four muscles, to simulate the mechanisms of AEL. We adjusted the key activation parameters of the muscles to influence the performance outcome of the model. Numerical optimization was applied to search the optimal solution for the model. We implemented AEL and non-AEL conditions in the model to compare the simulated data between conditions.

Results
Our model predicted that the optimal jumping performance was achieved when the model utilized the whole joint range. However, there was no difference in jumping performance in AEL and non-AEL conditions because the model began its push-off at the similar state (posture, fiber length, fiber velocity, fiber force, tendon length, and the same activation level). Therefore, the optimal solution predicted by the model was primarily driven by intrinsic muscle dynamics (force-length-velocity relationship), and this coupled with the similar model state at the start of the push-off, resulting in similar push-off performance across all conditions. There was also no evidence of additional tendon-loading effect in AEL conditions compared to non-AEL condition.

Discussion
Our simplified simulations did not show improved jump performance with AEL, contrasting with experimental studies. The reduced model demonstrates that increased energy storage from the additional mass alone is not sufficient to induce increased performance and that other factors like differences in activation strategies or movement paths are more likely to contribute to enhanced performance.
Physico-chemical Characterization and Polyphenolic Composition of Red Wines Produced from Autochthonous Grapes Varieties (Vitis vinifera) in Turkey
Authors: Acikgoz Isil Aysel , Erkmen Osman 
Published: January 2023

Aims: Local varieties of “Hönüsü” and “Horozkarası” red grapes have been evaluated for the production of red wine and characterized33 for their chemical and sensory characteristics.
Study Design: This research was initiated by the Food microbiology researcher and Applications Unit of Fermentation Laboratory.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Fermentation of the Food Engineering Department in Gaziantep University, October 2019 to May 2021.
Methodology: All wines were produced by a standard procedure of vinification. Three types of red wines were produced from combinations of red grapes. Ten phenolics were quantitatively detected in the red wines during processing. Brix, alcohol, pH and free SO2 contents were also detected.
Results: The results showed that the type of technology affects significantly (p<0.05) the level of phenolic compounds formed during processing. Horozkarası” red grape contributed to the highest amount of phenolic compounds in red wines. Gaziantep wine provides valuable information about the production of red wine from Gaziantep red grapes.
Conclusion: The phenolic compounds of red wines were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of musts. Many of the remarkable features of the phenolic profiles and Brix of grape varieties could help us to characterize Gaziantep wines. The mixture of must from “Hönüsü” and “Horozkarası” red grapes with 7:3 ratio contributes suitable sugar and phenolic compounds for red wine. The results from this study provide valuable information about the red wine produced from the ancient grape varieties of the Southeast region.
Design and Evaluation of a Palm Fruit Thresher
Authors: Idowu D. O. , Olaniran J. A. , Adebayo J. M. , Onifade T. B. 
Published: January 2023

Aims: The high demand for palm oil as food and industrial raw material is on the increase and the traditional method cannot sustain the demand for the crop. Therefore, there is need for design and fabrication of a locally and affordable palm oil processing machine, hence, this project.
Methodology: A palm fruit thresher was designed, fabricated and evaluated at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. The thresher. Comprises of hopper, threshing chamber, the drive mechanism, separation units and the discharge outlets. The machine was evaluated for effect of storage and sterilization time on the threshing efficiency. The storage time (1, 2, and 3 days) and sterilization time (30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes) were used to investigate the effect of these treatments on the machine threshing efficiency and throughput capacity.
Results: The palm thresher was designed, constructed and evaluated. The result of the experiment showed that the threshing efficiency and the throughput capacity increased from 87.0 to 93.0 % and 258.0 to 468.0 kg/hr. respectively, as the storage time increases from 1 to 3 days. The effect of sterilization time was also found to be significant on the throughput and shelling efficiency (p< 0.05). The shelling efficiency and the throughput capacity was found to increase from 58.3 to 92.2% and 517.1 to 769.3 kg/hr. respectively, as the sterilization time increased from 10 to 30 minutes.
Conclusion: The results of these experiments showed that palm fruit threshing can be mechanized using a locally fabricated machine.
Effect of Yoga on Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Divya , Kishore Chaturvedi Kautuk , Singh Shalini , Kandan S. Lakshmi 
Published: January 2023

Background: Nowadays, the polycystic ovarian syndrome is a widespread condition that affects women at their reproductive age. Women are considered to have significantly elevated amounts of insulin resistance, obesity, and higher levels of androgens within the part of the body with PCOS. The crucial thing about overcoming these signs and symptoms of illness is weight management. It has a primary preventive and healing ability that can be accomplished by implementing lifestyle changes to fight this disease.
Yogic interventions are the primary key that continues a person’s health and modifies the endocrine system. Postures (Asanas), Breathing techniques (Pranayama) and meditation (dhyana) facilitate plenty in relieving the signs and symptoms of PCOS associated with an incorrect dwelling lifestyle and deep-rooted stress and holding the person high to combat with this sickness.
Purpose: This Review study is aimed to review the trends in research conducted over a period of time frame. Only randomized Control Trials and Clinical Trials are subjected of interest in this study. Using PUBMED, Google Scholar and other Indian databases searches were performed using keywords "Yoga and PCOS” which yielded up to 31 relevant articles showing the effect of Yoga on PCOS.
Selections were made to include only studies published in peer reviewed journals and investigating effects of regular Yogic practices on hormonal imbalances, weight loss, stress reduction and various other related aspects pertaining to PCOS in these studies.
Summary and Outlook: Noteworthy variance was observed between the interventional group participants on the domain of hormones, weight loss, Anxiety, Stress and physical function with better results in Yoga groups than in control group. Collectively these studies suggest that specific Yogic module may help to balance hormone, reduce body weight and released stress and it may improve the physical function of the body.
The Frequency of Use of Warfarin-Interfering Drugs in Patients Suffering from Warfarin Toxicity Referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad
Authors: Khaksar Morteza , Reihani Hamidreza , Hadi Mousavi Seyed , Nazemi Samad 
Published: January 2023

Aims: With the progress made in the treatment of cardiovascular patients, the use of anticoagulants such as warfarin, aspirin, ticlopidine, etc. have increased. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of use of warfarin-interfering drugs in warfarin toxicity patients admitted to the emergency ward of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from March to August 2016.
Materials and Methods: In this original cross-sectional study after obtaining the approval of the university's ethics committee, 133 patients with warfarin toxicity admitted from March to August 2016 were included in the study. The hospital records of the patients were reviewed, and based on the detailed history taken from the patients the information related to the simultaneous use of different drugs, the duration of warfarin use, the reasons for warfarin use, and the symptoms of warfarin toxicity were extracted. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis (p<0.05).
Results: Artificial heart valve was the most common indication for warfarin use (48%). Potentially fatal bleeding occurred in 85% of patients, and gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common symptom of warfarin toxicity (37.6%). The most common drugs used were aspirin (62.4%), metoprolol (33.1%), and statins (28.8%).
Conclusion: In this study, a high frequency of drug interactions with warfarin was observed, which seems to play a significant role in the occurrence of warfarin toxicity. The most common drug interactions were observed in the simultaneous use of aspirin, metoprolol, and statins. Careful monitoring of the type of drugs used by patients is extremely important in providing safe and effective treatment and reducing side effects.
Artificial Neural Network Modeling to Predict Neonatal Metabolic Bone Disease in the Prenatal and Postnatal Periods
Authors: Jiang Honglin , Guo Jialin , Li Jing , Li Chunlin , Du Wenchong , Canavese Federico , Baker Charlie , Ying Hao , Hua Jing 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceEarly recognition of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in infants is necessary but difficult; an appropriate tool to screen infants at risk of developing MBD is needed.ObjectivesTo develop a predictive model for neonates at risk for MBD in the prenatal and postnatal periods and detect the pivotal exposed factors in each period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA diagnostic study was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, in Shanghai, China. A total of 10 801 pregnant women (singleton pregnancy, followed up until 1 month after parturition) and their infants (n = 10 801) were included. An artificial neural network (ANN) framework was used to build 5 predictive models with different exposures from prenatal to postnatal periods. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the model performance. The importance of each feature was examined and ranked.ResultsOf the 10 801 Chinese women who participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 29.7 [3.9] years), 7104 (65.8%) were local residents, 1001 (9.3%) had uterine scarring, and 138 (1.3%) gave birth to an infant with MBD. Among the 5 ANN models, model 1 (significant prenatal and postnatal factors) showed the highest AUC of 0.981 (95% CI, 0.970-0.992), followed by model 5 (postnatal factors; AUC, 0.977; 95% CI, 0.966-0.988), model 4 (all prenatal factors; AUC, 0.850; 95% CI, 0.785-0.915), model 3 (gestational complications or comorbidities and medication use; AUC, 0.808; 95% CI, 0.726-0.891), and model 2 (maternal nutritional conditions; AUC, 0.647; 95% CI, 0.571-0.723). Birth weight, maternal age at pregnancy, and neonatal disorders (anemia, respiratory distress syndrome, and septicemia) were the most important model 1 characteristics for predicting infants at risk of MBD; among these characteristics, extremely low birth weight (importance, 50.5%) was the most powerful factor. The use of magnesium sulfate during pregnancy (model 4: importance, 21.2%) was the most significant predictor of MBD risk in the prenatal period.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this diagnostic study, ANN appeared to be a simple and efficient tool for identifying neonates at risk for MBD. Combining prenatal and postnatal factors or using postnatal exposures alone provided the most precise prediction. Extremely low birth weight was the most significant predictive factor, whereas magnesium sulfate use during pregnancy could be an important bellwether for MBD before delivery.
A stronger memory for the perpetrator may attenuate effects of the identification procedure on eyewitness accuracy
Authors: Carlson Curt A. , Lockamyeir Robert F. , Wooten Alex R. , Jones Alyssa R. , Carlson Maria A. , Hemby Jacob A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe identification procedure can greatly affect eyewitness performance, but this may be contingent upon a relatively weak memory for the perpetrator. In a large preregistered experiment (N = 13,728), we manipulated memory strength and tested participants with a target‐present or ‐absent showup or lineup (size 3 or 6). All fillers were description‐matched but were of low or high similarity with the target. We replicated the advantage of fair simultaneous lineups over showups and the advantage of low‐ over high‐similarity fillers when memory for the perpetrator's face was weaker (short exposure duration), but both effects were significantly reduced when memory was stronger. There was no effect of lineup size regardless of memory strength or filler similarity. We conclude that some recommendations to police may be more robust than others across changes in estimator variables such as memory strength and that more research is needed on interactions between estimator and system variables.
Lateral and Vertical Morphology Engineering of Low‐Symmetry, Weakly‐Coupled 2D ReS2
Authors: Hu Ping , Zhang Hui , Li Aolin , Sheng Liping , Jiang Junjie , Yu Yue , Huang Wenqiang , Li Shouheng , Huang Han , Yu Jinshan , Cheng Haifeng , Mao Liqiu , Wang Shanshan , Ouyang Fangping , Zhang Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMorphology significantly affects material's electronic, catalytic, and magnetic properties, especially for 2D crystals. Abundant achievements have been made in the morphology engineering of high‐symmetry 2D materials, but for the emerging low‐symmetry ones, such as ReS2, both the morphology control technique and comprehension are lacking. Here, the lateral shape and vertical thickness engineering of 2D ReS2 by tailoring the growth temperature and the substrate symmetry using chemical vapor deposition, is reported. The temperature increase induces an isotropic‐to‐anisotropic transition of domain shapes, as well as a monotonic decrease of the domain thickness, which promotes the electrocatalytic performance. The substrate rotational symmetry determines the shape anisotropy of polycrystalline ReS2 monolayers via a diffusion‐limited mechanism, leading to highly oriented square, triangular, and strip‐like domains synthesized on the fourfold symmetry SrTiO3 (001), threefold symmetry c‐sapphire, and twofold symmetry a‐sapphire substrates, respectively. Various stacking configurations in bilayers are unclosed at the atomic scale. Some are predicted to adopt a type‐II band alignment with great potential in photovoltaics. The results give insights into the morphological engineering of a unique class of 2D material with low in‐plane lattice symmetry and weak interlayer coupling, which are crucial for their high‐quality synthesis and industrial applications.