bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Altitude Tailing Es (LATTE): Analysis of Sporadic‐E Layer Height at Different Latitudes of Middle and Low Region
Authors: Tang Qiong , Zhou Chen , Liu Huixin , Liu Yi , Zhao Jiaqi , Yu Zhibin , Hu Lianhuan , Zhao Zhengyu , Feng Xueshang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the Earth's sporadic‐E (Es) layer vertical motion is investigated by using an image processing technique for automatic scaling ionograms from Mohe (122.37°E, 53.50°N, dip angle 71°), Beijing (116.25°E, 40.25°N, dip angle 59°), Wuhan (114.61°E, 30.53°N, dip angle 46°) and Fuke (109.13°E, 19.52°N, dip angle 27°). Es traces descend with different periodicities, indicating tidal modulation to Es layers. Comparing winds from a combination of the Ionospheric Connection Explorer/Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐Resolution Thermospheric Imaging and meteor radar measurements with Es layers, we find that Es traces at high altitudes (above 110 km) rapidly move down in accordance with the descent of the wind shear nulls, which indicates the important role of the tides in the formation and descent of the Es layer at high altitude. The lower‐lying Es layers, however, do not descend with the wind shear null, but stay at the bottom of the E region (∼100 km) for a long time, which cannot be explained by tidal wind shear theory. In addition, the time duration of the Es layers staying at low latitudes increases with the decreasing latitude. Simulation results demonstrate that the low altitude tailing Es layer is dominated by the dramatically enhanced collision frequency at the lower height of the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere region.
Controls on Speleothem Initial 234U/238U Ratios in a Monsoon Climate
Authors: Oster Jessica L. , Ronay Elli R. , Sharp Warren D. , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Furbish David J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpeleothem initial uranium isotope ratios ((234U/238U)i) can be influenced by processes along the seepage water flow‐path including alpha‐recoil into porewater during 238U decay and hostrock weathering, the balance of which can reflect the infiltration rate. Thus, speleothem (234U/238U)i may provide information about past changes in rainfall amounts. However, the utility of (234U/238U)i as a paleo‐infiltration proxy has only been explored in a limited set of rainfall regimes. We present a speleothem (234U/238U)i record from Mawmluh Cave in northeast India, an area influenced by the Indian Summer Monsoon, covering 1964–2012 CE. Speleothem (234U/238U)i was relatively constant from 1964 to 1984 but then linearly increased by 0.05 over ∼15 years, a trend that does not correspond with observed rainfall changes. To evaluate potential drivers of (234U/238U)i variability, we model the evolution of water (234U/238U) in a simple karst system using an advection‐reaction model parameterized by Mawmluh Cave variables. Although varying infiltration influences modeled water (234U/238U), the larger, sustained change observed in the speleothem record can only be modeled by varying the U concentration and (234U/238U) of the weathering hostrock. This suggests that larger shifts in speleothem (234U/238U)i may result from flow path changes, bringing waters in contact with hostrock of variable U characteristics. Consideration of published Mawmluh Cave records suggests that these mechanisms may also explain variability in stalagmite (234U/238U)i on precessional timescales. Further examination of speleothems (234U/238U)i from climates characterized by high rainfall and extensive weathering is warranted to better constrain the controls on (234U/238U)i in these dynamic environments.
Lithosphere Structure, Processes, and Physical State of the Alpine‐Apennine System
Authors: Menichelli Irene , De Gori Pasquale , Lucente Francesco Pio , Improta Luigi , Chiarabba Claudio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTomographic images of the lithosphere are the first step to constrain the evolution of mountain belts and their interaction. By inverting new high‐quality P‐ and S‐wave arrivals that sample the entire lithosphere, we determined Vp and Vp/Vs models with reliable resolution in the critical depth range (40–80 km) where plates of the central Mediterranean area interact. This data set yields homogeneous representation of the 3D structure over a critical area at a regional scale. Here, we show that the Alps derive from a laterally continuous underthrusting of the European plate and that the Adria lithosphere was delaminated after the collision. Tomograms resolve the lateral changes of the continental versus oceanic subduction along the Alpine belt and identify original evidence of fluids beneath the orogens able to facilitate the current deformation.
On-chip generation of Bessel–Gaussian beam via concentrically distributed grating arrays for long-range sensing
Authors: Zhi Zihao , Na Quanxin , Xie Qijie , Chen Baisong , Li Yingzhi , Liu Xiaobin , Li Xuetong , Wang Lijun , Lo Guoqiang , Song Junfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBessel beam featured with self-healing is essential to the optical sensing applications in the obstacle scattering environment. Integrated on-chip generation of the Bessel beam outperforms the conventional structure by small size, robustness, and alignment-free scheme. However, the maximum propagation distance (Zmax) provided by the existing approaches cannot support long-range sensing, and thus, it restricts its potential applications. In this work, we propose an integrated silicon photonic chip with unique structures featured with concentrically distributed grating arrays to generate the Bessel–Gaussian beam with a long propagation distance. The spot with the Bessel function profile is measured at 10.24 m without optical lenses, and the photonic chip’s operation wavelength can be continuously performed from 1500 to 1630 nm. To demonstrate the functionality of the generated Bessel–Gaussian beam, we also experimentally measure the rotation speeds of a spinning object via the rotational Doppler Effect and the distance through the phase laser ranging principle. The maximum error of the rotation speed in this experiment is measured to be 0.05%, indicating the minimum error in the current reports. By the compact size, low cost, and mass production potential of the integrated process, our approach is promising to readily enable the Bessel–Gaussian beam in widespread optical communication and micro-manipulation applications.
Quantum frequency conversion and single-photon detection with lithium niobate nanophotonic chips
Authors: Wang Xina , Jiao Xufeng , Wang Bin , Liu Yang , Xie Xiu-Ping , Zheng Ming-Yang , Zhang Qiang , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform has revolutionized lithium niobate materials, and a series of quantum photonic chips have exhibited unprecedented performances. Quantum frequency conversion (QFC) that enables quantum state preservation during frequency conversion is crucial in quantum technology. This work demonstrates a low-noise QFC process on the LNOI nanophotonic platform, connecting telecom and near-visible bands. An internal conversion efficiency of 73% and an on-chip noise count of 900 counts per second (cps) are achieved. Furthermore, the preservation of quantum statistical properties is verified, indicating the QFC chip’s promise for extensive applications of LNOI integrated circuits in quantum information. Based on this chip, we constructed an upconversion single-photon detector with a detection efficiency of 8.7% and a noise of 300 cps, paving the way to integrated on-chip single-photon detection. The realization of a low-noise QFC device also provide a pathway for practical chip-scale QFC-based quantum systems in heterogeneous configurations.
Point of care parenchymal volume analyses to estimate split renal function and predict functional outcomes after radical nephrectomy
Authors: Rathi Nityam , Attawettayanon Worapat , Yasuda Yosuke , Lewis Kieran , Roversi Gustavo , Shah Snehi , Wood Andrew , Munoz-Lopez Carlos , Palacios Diego A. , Li Jianbo , Abdallah Nour , Schober Jared P. , Strother Marshall , Kutikov Alexander , Uzzo Robert , Weight Christopher J. , Eltemamy Mohamed , Krishnamurthi Venkatesh , Abouassaly Robert , Campbell Steven C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurate prediction of new baseline GFR (NBGFR) after radical nephrectomy (RN) can inform clinical management and patient counseling whenever RN is a strong consideration. Preoperative global GFR, split renal function (SRF), and renal functional compensation (RFC) are fundamentally important for the accurate prediction of NBGFR post-RN. While SRF has traditionally been obtained from nuclear renal scans (NRS), differential parenchymal volume analysis (PVA) via software analysis may be more accurate. A simplified approach to estimate parenchymal volumes and SRF based on length/width/height measurements (LWH) has also been proposed. We compare the accuracies of these three methods for determining SRF, and, by extension, predicting NBGFR after RN. All 235 renal cancer patients managed with RN (2006–2021) with available preoperative CT/MRI and NRS, and relevant functional data were analyzed. PVA was performed on CT/MRI using semi-automated software, and LWH measurements were obtained from CT/MRI images. RFC was presumed to be 25%, and thus: Predicted NBGFR = 1.25 × Global GFRPre-RN × SRFContralateral. Predictive accuracies were assessed by mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficients (r). The r values for the LWH/NRS/software-derived PVA approaches were 0.72/0.71/0.86, respectively (p < 0.05). The PVA-based approach also had the most favorable MSE, which were 120/126/65, respectively (p < 0.05). Our data show that software-derived PVA provides more accurate and precise SRF estimations and predictions of NBGFR post-RN than NRS/LWH methods. Furthermore, the LWH approach is equivalent to NRS, precluding the need for NRS in most patients.
Investigating the activation of passive metals by a combined in-situ AFM and Raman spectroscopy system: a focus on titanium
Authors: Casanova L. , Menegazzo M. , Goto F. , Pedeferri M. , Duò L. , Ormellese M. , Bussetti G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the main steps involved in the activation of passive metals is an extremely important subject in the mechanical and energy industry and generally in surface science. The titanium-H2SO4 system is particularly useful for this purpose, as the metal can either passivate or corrode depending on potential. Although several studies tried to hypothesise the surface state of the electrode, there is no general consensus about the surface state of Ti in the active–passive transition region. Here by combining in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy, operating in an electrochemical cell, we show that the cathodic electrification of Ti electrodes causes the dissolution of the upper TiO2 portion of the passive film leaving the electrode covered by only a thin layer of titanium monoxide. Fast anodic reactions involved the acidification of the solution and accumulation of sulphur containing anions. This produces a local increase of the solution turbidity, allowing to distinguish favourable regions for the precipitation of TiOSO4·2H2O. These results give a clear answer to the long-stated question of the physical origin behind the formation of negative polarization resistances, sometimes occurring in corroding systems, and a rationale about the proton-induced degradation of passive surfaces in presence of sulphur containing species.
Exploring computer-aided health decision-making on cervical cancer interventions through deliberative interviews in Ethiopia
Authors: Sy Frithjof , Berner-Rodoreda Astrid , Asnake Takelech , Getnet Misrak , Amogne Wondwossen , Bussmann Hermann , Abera Helen , Bärnighausen Till , Deckert Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCervical cancer is a significant disease burden in Ethiopia. Mathematical models and computer simulations on disease dynamics can support effective resource allocation. The objectives of this work are (i) to explore the perspectives of health decision-makers on computer-aided predictions supporting cervical cancer interventions, (ii) to identify their information needs from these predictions, and (iii) their willingness to apply the results in their work. We conducted deliberative interviews with 15 health decision-makers and advisors in Ethiopia in autumn 2019. We analyze the data using a five steps framework approach drawing on thematic analysis and find that Ethiopian health decision-makers are willing to use computer-aided predictions in their decisions. Data on HPV prevalence and the cervical cancer burden are scarce but valued highly and decision-makers are particularly interested in the identification of local HPV hotspots. Data-driven mathematical models and computer simulations may increasingly influence health decision-making in Ethiopia.
Biology and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Tavasolian Fataneh , Inman Robert D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAxial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the joints of the spine, causes chronic pain, and, in advanced stages, may result in spinal fusion. Recent developments in understanding the immunomodulatory and tissue-differentiating properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy have raised the possibility of applying such treatment to AxSpA. The therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs has been shown in numerous studies spanning a range of diseases. Several studies have been conducted examining acellular therapy based on MSC secretome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by MSCs have been proven to reproduce the impact of MSCs on target cells. These EVs are associated with immunological regulation, tissue remodeling, and cellular homeostasis. EVs’ biological effects rely on their cargo, with microRNAs (miRNAs) integrated into EVs playing a particularly important role in gene expression regulation. In this article, we will discuss the impact of MSCs and EVs generated by MSCs on target cells and how these may be used as unique treatment strategies for AxSpA.
The effect of turbulence in brain dynamics information transfer measured with magnetoencephalography
Authors: Deco Gustavo , Liebana Garcia Samuel , Sanz Perl Yonatan , Sporns Olaf , Kringelbach Morten L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFast, efficient information transfer is essential for the brain to ensure survival. As recently shown in functional magnetic resonance imaging with high spatial resolution, turbulence appears to offer a fundamental way to facilitate energy and information transfer across spatiotemporal scales in brain dynamics. However, given that this imaging modality is comparably slow and not directly linked with neuronal activity, here we investigated the existence of turbulence in fast whole-brain neural dynamics measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG). The coarse spatial observations in MEG necessitated that we created and validated a empirical measure of turbulence. We found that the measure of edge-centric metastability perfectly detected turbulence in a ring of non-local coupled oscillators where the ground-truth was analytically known, even at a coarse spatial scale of observations. This allowed us to use this measure in the spatially coarse, empirical large-scale MEG data from 89 human participants. We demonstrated turbulence in fast neuronal dynamics and used this to quantify information transfer in the brain. The results demonstrate that the necessary efficiency of brain function is dependent on an underlying turbulent regime.
Mechanics of coseismic and postseismic acceleration of active landslides
Authors: Kohler Marc , Puzrin Alexander M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActive slow-moving landslides exhibit very different coseismic and postseismic behaviour. Whereas some landslides do not show any postseismic acceleration, there are many that experience an increased motion in the days to weeks following an earthquake. The reason for this behaviour remains debated and the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. In recent years, it has been suggested that postseismic acceleration is caused by excess pore water pressures generated outside of the shear zone during seismic shaking, with their subsequent diffusion into the shear zone. Here we show that this hypothesis is indeed plausible and hydro-mechanically consistent by using a basic rate-dependent physical landslide model. Our simulations provide insight into the landslide behaviour in response to seismic shaking and its main controlling parameters: preseismic landslide velocity, rate-dependency of soil strength in the shear zone, hydro-mechanical characteristics of the adjacent soil layers and the earthquake intensity.
Real-time sensing of war’s effects on wellbeing with smartphones and smartwatches
Authors: Mofaz Merav , Yechezkel Matan , Einat Haim , Kronfeld-Schor Noga , Yamin Dan , Shmueli Erez 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Modern wars have a catastrophic effect on the wellbeing of civilians. However, the nature of this effect remains unclear, with most insights gleaned from subjective, retrospective studies.

Methods
We prospectively monitored 954 Israelis (>40 years) from two weeks before the May 2021 Israel-Gaza war until four weeks after the ceasefire using smartwatches and a dedicated mobile application with daily questionnaires on wellbeing. This war severely affected civilians on both sides, where over 4300 rockets and missiles were launched towards Israeli cities, and 1500 aerial, land, and sea strikes were launched towards 16,500 targets in the Gaza Strip.

Results
We identify considerable changes in all the examined wellbeing indicators during missile attacks and throughout the war, including spikes in heart rate levels, excessive screen-on time, and a reduction in sleep duration and quality. These changes, however, fade shortly after the war, with all affected measures returning to baseline in nearly all the participants. Greater changes are observed in individuals living closer to the battlefield, women, and younger individuals.

Conclusions
The demonstrated ability to monitor objective and subjective wellbeing indicators during crises in real-time is pivotal for the early detection of and prompt assistance to populations in need.
Eliciting Stuttering in School-Age and Adolescent Stutterers in Experimental Settings
Authors: Goldfarb Jake H. , Orpella Joan , Jackson Eric S. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
Most neural and physiological research on stuttering focuses on the fluent speech of speakers who stutter due to the difficulty associated with eliciting stuttering reliably in the laboratory. We previously introduced an approach to elicit stuttered speech in the laboratory in adults who stutter. The purpose of this study was to determine whether that approach reliably elicits stuttering in school-age children and teenagers who stutter (CWS/TWS).

Method:

Twenty-three CWS/TWS participated. A clinical interview was used to identify participant-specific anticipated and unanticipated words in CWS and TWS. Two tasks were administered: (a) a delayed word
reading
task in which participants read words and produced them after a 5-s delay and (b) a delayed response
question
task in which participants responded to examiner questions after a 5-s delay. Two CWS and eight TWS completed the reading task; six CWS and seven TWS completed the question task. Trials were coded as unambiguously fluent, ambiguous, and unambiguously stuttered.

Results:
The method yielded, at a group level, a near-equal distribution of unambiguously stuttered and fluent utterances: 42.5% and 45.1%, respectively, in the reading task and 40.5% and 51.4%, respectively, in the question task.

Conclusions:
The method presented in this article elicited a comparable amount of unambiguously stuttered and fluent trials in CWS and TWS, at a group level, during two different word production tasks. The inclusion of different tasks supports the generalizability of our approach, which can be used to elicit stuttering in studies that aim to unravel the neural and physiological bases that underlie stuttered speech.
A Pilot Assessment of Concurrent Validity and Comparative Reference Values for the Tongueometer Tongue Pressure Manometer
Authors: Gibbons Tasia , Abrams Sophia Werden , Mohsin Nazia , Guastella Rebekah , Oppedisano Stefania , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
Objective measures of lingual strength are used in both clinical practice and research to provide information regarding the ability of the tongue to contribute to safe and efficient swallowing. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) is the most frequently used tongue pressure manometer and is considered to be the gold standard. The Tongueometer device was developed to circumvent IOPI shortcomings including bulb slippage, cost, and patient utility. As such, the aims of this pilot study were to examine the validity of the Tongueometer and to obtain comparative adult reference values.

Method:

Using the Tongueometer, participants completed three trials of anterior and posterior maximum isometric lingual pressure and regular effort saliva swallow tasks. Moreover, 41% of participants also completed all trials using the IOPI. Independent-samples
t
tests compared maximum means between the IOPI and Tongueometer. Concurrent validity was assessed using Lin's concordance correlations. Associations were evaluated using independent-samples
t
tests (sex) and Pearson correlation coefficient (age).

Results:

Seventy-six healthy participants (48 women, 28 men) with no history of swallowing difficulty were included in the study (
M
age
= 50 ± 21). Across all lingual pressure task measures, mean maximum Tongueometer measures strongly correlated with corresponding IOPI measures (anterior: concordance correlation coefficient [CCC] = 0.74,
p
< .000; posterior: CCC = 0.81,
p
< .000; swallow: CCC = 0.62,
p
< .000). Tongueometer and IOPI mean anterior maximum isometric lingual pressures were not statistically different, whereas posterior lingual pressures and pressures elicited during swallowing were statistically different (
p
< .01). A significant negative correlation was found between age and maximum anterior tongue pressure (
r
= −.43,
p
< .01). No significant association of sex on maximum tongue pressure was observed.

Conclusion:
Overall, this pilot research suggests that the Tongueometer is a valid tool for clinical use in measuring lingual strength and swallowing function.
Social media & uprisings: The case of the Egyptian revolution in 2011
Authors: Fakhry Baher , Tarabasz Anna , Selakovic Marko 
Published: April 2023

The present exploratory study adopts the case of the 2011 Egyptian Uprising, as it is particularly illustrative of the climacteric impact of technology on past social and societal conflicts. The latter will be achieved through a systematic review of literature which examines the different ways through which social media was used, as well as the impact it had on facilitating social change with regards to the Egyptian Revolution.
The research problem aims to examine the different ways through which social media was used during the Egyptian Uprising, as well as the impact it had on facilitating social change. It caters to a discovery-oriented decision problem and focuses on revealing how social media influences social change while shedding light particularly on the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and the implications social media carried towards it.
The conducted exploratory study adequately demonstrates that social media is found to have an undeniable influence on social change, especially as it has been adopted across various phases of the uprising, including its utilization for the initial formation of communities, as well as for promoting the collective movement.
Findings of this study will be of great value to future academic studies, as it serves to depict social media as a mechanism of information dissemination in the Arab and/or non-Arab world, whilst correlating to the varied utilities of social media during times of crises and the impact it had on facilitating social change.