bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing on skin microbiome indicates dysbiosis exists prior to the onset of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Chaudhary Prem Prashant , Myles Ian A. , Zeldin Jordan , Dabdoub Shareef , Deopujari Varsha , Baveja Rajiv , Baker Robin , Bengtson Sarah , Sutton Ashleigh , Levy Shira , Hourigan Suchitra K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile the microbiome is increasingly seen as a targetable contributor to atopic dermatitis (AD), questions remain as to whether the dysbiosis is secondary to diseased skin or if it predates symptom onset. Previous work has evaluated how the skin microbiome changes with age and established the influence of factors like delivery mode and breastfeeding on global microbiome diversity. However, these studies were unable to identify taxa which predict subsequent AD.MethodsSkin swab samples were collected from the first week of life for 72 children in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a single site hospital. Participants were followed for 3 years to determine their health status. We applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess the microbiome differences between 31 children who went on to develop AD and 41 controls.ResultsWe identified that subsequent development of AD was associated with differential abundance of several bacterial and fungal taxa as well as several metabolic pathways, each of which have been previously associated with active AD.ConclusionsOur work provides evidence of reproducibility for the previously reported dysbiotic signatures predating AD onset while also expanding prior findings through the first use of metagenomic assessment prior to AD onset. While extrapolation of our findings beyond the pre‐term, NICU cohort is limited, our findings add to the evidence that the dysbiosis associated with AD pre‐dates disease onset rather than reflect a secondary consequence of skin inflammation.
Life beyond life: Perceptions of post‐mortem organ donation and consent to donate—A focus group study in Italy
Authors: Cipolletta Sabrina , Tomaino Silvia Caterina Maria , Brena Alessandra , Di Ciaccio Paola , Gentile Margherita , Procaccio Francesco , Cardillo Massimo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesMany factors such as personal and cultural beliefs, misinformation, fear of death and inadequate will registering procedures can influence post‐mortem organ donation. The present study aimed to explore the perceptions, beliefs and information around post‐mortem donation and will expression in different groups of the Italian population, to orient future interventions and raise awareness.DesignQualitative research with focus groups.MethodsA total of 38 focus groups involving 353 participants including the general population (young adults: 18–39, mature adults: 40–70), local and hospital health professionals, critical area health professionals (emergency room and intensive care), registry office employees and opinion leaders, were conducted in six regions from different parts of Italy between June and November 2021. Thematic analysis was conducted with the use of Atlas.ti9.ResultsFive overarching themes were identified: dilemmas regarding donation, resistance to donation, facilitators of donation, difficulties in terms of will expression and proposals to encourage will expression. Possible facilitators were having personal and professional experiences with organ donation, feeling useful for society, having reliable information and trust in the health care system. Potential barriers to donation were doubts and fears about brain death, bodily integrity concerns, religious beliefs, misinformation and distrust in the health care system.ConclusionsThese results highlighted the significance of a bottom‐up perspective with regard to identifying the personal perceptions and beliefs with regard to donation, underlining the urgency of creating tailored interventions to sensitize different groups of the population in terms of promoting an informed choice and a culture of donation.
Structured physical exercise interventions and children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Fenghua , Fang Yuan , Chan Carmen Ka Man , Poon Eric Tsz Chun , Chung Louisa Ming Yan , Or Peggy Pui Lai , Chen Yajun , Cooper Simon B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of structured physical exercise (SPE) has been examined in empirical studies to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review aimed (i) to systematically review and quantify the effects of SPE on ADHD symptomology and executive function (primary outcomes) and on physical health, physical fitness and mental health issues (secondary outcomes) in children/adolescents with ADHD; (ii) to evaluate the study quality and explore moderation of the effects of SPE; and (iii) to summarize the design of SPE interventions.MethodsAn extensive literature search in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCOhost was conducted to identify eligible intervention studies for meta‐analysis. A descriptive account of the features of the studies is provided, including assessment of risk/quality (ROB‐2/ROBINS‐I). Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with random effects models to compare post‐intervention effects.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included in the review. The majority of the studies examined the effects of SPE lasting for 3–12 weeks. Assessment of bias/quality indicated half of the included studies as high quality. The meta‐analysis (pooled n = 627) revealed that SPE had a positive effect on primary and secondary outcomes, that is, inattention (SMD = −1.79), executive function (SMD = 2.19), physical fitness (SMD = 1.39) and mental health issues (SMD = −0.89). Subgroup analysis showed that long‐term practice of SPE, featured/tailored SPE, non‐Chinese participants, taking methylphenidate and study with low quality had larger effects.ConclusionsThere is emerging evidence that SPE is a promising option to enhance symptom management and physical/mental health in children/adolescents with ADHD.
Fine needle aspiration of bone lesions: A tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Saoud Carla , Lam Hansen , Gross John M. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBone fine needle aspiration (FNA) presents several diagnostic challenges including limited sample material, reduced ability to assess the architecture, and lack of a standardised reporting system. The aim of our study is to present our experience regarding bone FNA.MethodsWe performed a 6‐year retrospective search of our archives to identify all FNA cases of bone lesions. Available data regarding patients' demographics, cytopathology, and surgical pathology were recorded. The FNA cases were then grouped into five categories (atypical, neoplasm‐benign, neoplasm of unknown malignant potential, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant) and the risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated.ResultsA total of 341 FNA cases performed in 337 patients (M = 173, F = 164; mean age = 57.2 years) were identified. The iliac crest was the most commonly biopsied site (n = 134). The adequacy of bone FNA was 77.4%. The sensitivity and specificity regarding the nature of the lesion were 96.5% and 100%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy of bone FNA was 77%. The accuracy of bone FNA for non‐metastatic bone lesions including non‐neoplastic lesions was 74%, while the diagnostic accuracy of bone FNA for a metastatic disease was 83.5%. The diagnostic accuracy for primary neoplastic lesions was 70%. The frequency (n,%) of cytomorphological categories were as follows: atypical (30, 8.8%); neoplasm‐benign (6, 1.8%); neoplasm of unknown malignant potential (18, 5.3%); suspicious for malignancy (4, 1.2%); and malignant (145, 42.5%). The ROM in these categories was respectively as follows: 51.7%, 0%, 46.7%, 100%, and 99.1%.ConclusionFNA is a sensitive and specific technique for the diagnosis of bone lesions. In most instances, an accurate diagnosis can be achieved if adequate material, ancillary studies, and radiological correlation are available.
Debt and currency value during COVID‐19 in the Global South
Authors: Gharleghi Behrooz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine debt and currency vulnerability during economic turbulence in the Global South. A panel data analysis is performed on a panel of 25 economies consisting of nine developed and 16 developing countries with a focus on public and private debt. The empirical findings reveal that only public debt build‐up has an adverse effect on currency value. There is no evidence of a significant impact of recession periods on currency value for both private and public debt estimations. I also found that private debt build‐up can be more harmful than public debt in developing countries. In addition, both public and private debt have increased as percentages of GDP during COVID‐19.
The relationship between economic freedom and peace
Authors: Jelloian Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClassical liberals have long held that free markets foster peaceful societies. Many argue that free trade between nations will foster economic interdependence, and peace should ensue as a result. Nevertheless, there are many dissenters. While exploring the relationship between free trade and peace is important, it is only one part of ‘economic freedom.’ More research needs to be conducted to see how countries with high levels of entrepreneurship, low levels of corruption, independent judiciaries, and sound regulatory environments might be fostering peace.
Investor beliefs about transformative innovations under uncertainty
Authors: Binswanger Johannes , Garbely Anja , Oechslin Manuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModern economies sometimes produce potentially transformative innovations whose development and implementation involves large amounts of capital. Often, the required initial investments are fraught with uncertainty, and there is a scarcity of objective information that would help interested investors to predict success. How, in this situation, do investors form subjective beliefs about prospective returns? This paper explores the role of competing, specialized financial intermediaries that are incentivized to steer capital either towards or away from a potentially transformative innovation. We develop a model in which investors' subjective beliefs arise from a competitive campaign game, or belief contest, between two financial intermediaries. We discuss how a financial regulator—who does not possess superior information—may influence the contest outcome in favour of impartial beliefs, away from exuberant or overly pessimistic ones.
Racial differences in attenuated psychotic symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: James Sydney H. , Strauss Gregory P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimRates of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) have increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, it is unclear whether this is most evident among individuals from marginalized racial groups.MethodsThe current study evaluated APS screening data across a six‐year period in the state of Georgia in the United States, spanning several years prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic to evaluate interactions between time and race. Participants included 435 clinical help‐seeking individuals.ResultsThe rate of individuals scoring above the APS screening cut‐off was higher during the pandemic compared to pre‐pandemic (41% vs 23%). This pandemic‐related increase in APS was significant for Black, but not White or Asian participants.ConclusionsFindings indicate APS are increasing during the COVID‐19 pandemic among clinical help‐seeking populations. Black individuals may be at greater risk for developing a psychotic disorder during the pandemic, suggesting increased need for screening, mental health monitoring, and treatment.
Prediction of shunt response in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus by combined lumbar infusion test and preoperative imaging scoring
Authors: Hasselbalch Steen Gregers , Carlsen Jonathan Frederik , Alaouie Mohamed Moussa , Munch Tina Nørgaard , Holst Anders Vedel , Taudorf Sarah , Rørvig‐Løppentien Christina , Juhler Marianne , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a potentially treatable disorder, but prognostic tests or biomarkers are lacking. The aim was to study the predictive power of clinical, neuroimaging and lumbar infusion test parameters (resistance to outflow Rout, cardiac‐related pulse amplitude PA and the PA to intracranial pressure ICP ratio).MethodsIn all, 127 patients diagnosed with iNPH who had a lumbar infusion test, a subsequent ventriculo‐peritoneal shunt operation and at least 2 months of postoperative follow‐up were retrospectively included. Preoperative magnetic resonance images were visually scored for NPH features using the iNPH Radscale. Preoperative and postoperative assessment was performed using cognitive testing, as well as gait and incontinence scales.ResultsAt follow‐up (7.4 months, range 2–20 months), an overall positive response was seen in 82% of the patients. Gait was more severely impaired at baseline in responders compared to non‐responders. The iNPH Radscale score was borderline significantly higher in responders compared with non‐responders, whereas no significant differences in infusion test parameters were seen between responders and non‐responders. Infusion test parameters performed modestly with high positive (75%–92%) but low negative (17%–23%) predictive values. Although not significant, PA and PA/ICP seemed to perform better than Rout, and the odds ratio for shunt response seemed to increase in patients with higher PA/ICP, especially in patients with lower iNPH Radscale scores.ConclusionAlthough only indicative, lumbar infusion test results increased the likelihood of a positive shunt outcome. Pulse amplitude measures showed promising results that should be further explored in prospective studies.
Pre‐adaptation and adaptation shape trait‐environment matching in the Neotropics
Authors: Velásquez‐Puentes Francisco J. , Torke Benjamin M. , Barratt Christopher D. , Dexter Kyle G. , Pennington Toby , Pezzini Flávia Fonseca , Zizka Alexander , Onstein Renske E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimFunctional traits shape the distribution of taxa across environments. However, it remains unclear whether trait and environmental niche evolution are correlated, and what happened first: trait change facilitating environment shifts (pre‐adaptation) or environmental change leading to trait change (adaptation). We focus on a species‐rich Neotropical legume radiation to shed light on this enigma.LocationNeotropics.Time PeriodCenozoic.Major Taxa StudiedFabaceae: Papilionoidae: Swartzia.MethodsWe assembled leaflet, fruit and petal size data from monographs and herbarium collections for 86 to 96% of the c. 180 Swartzia species, inferred a dated Swartzia phylogenetic tree from existing DNA sequences covering 38% of the species and integrated these with distribution, soil and climate data. We used phylogenetic linear regression to quantify trait–environment relationships and applied comparative methods to evaluate modes of correlated evolution between traits and environments.ResultsLeaflet and petal size were strongly linked to climate, while fruit size was not associated with climate or soil characteristics. Evolutionary transitions to relatively low rainfall and low temperature environments were conditional on the evolution of small leaflets, whereas transitions to wet and warm environments were preceded by the evolution of larger leaflets. In contrast, transitions to the warmest or coldest environments were followed, rather than preceded, by petal loss.Main ConclusionOur results show that the macroevolution of functional traits has influenced the broad‐scale distribution of Swartzia across Neotropical rainforest, seasonally dry, montane and inundated habitats. We suggest that trait evolution is conditional on environmental change but both pre‐adaptive and adaptive processes may occur. These processes are important to understand the distribution of diversity at both regional (e.g. Amazonia) and global biogeographical scales.
Comprehensive investigation of clinicopathological and immunological features to determine prognostic impact in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: The JEWEL study
Authors: Ohba Kojiro , Monji Keisuke , Osawa Takahiro , Yamana Kazutoshi , Yasuda Yosuke , Tanaka Hajime , Nakagawa Yuki , Fukuyama Tamaki , Matsubara Nobuaki , Uemura Hirotsugu , Sakai Hideki , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesCurrent prognostic models for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are likely inaccurate due to recent treatment advances and improved survival outcomes. The JEWEL study used a data set from patients who received tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to explore the prognostic impact of the tumor immune environment in the absence of immune checkpoint inhibitor intervention.MethodsThe primary analysis population comprised 569 of the 770 Japanese patients enrolled in the ARCHERY study who received first‐line TKIs. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with the primary (overall survival [OS]) and secondary outcomes (treatment duration) using 34 candidate explanatory variables.ResultsMedian OS was 34.1 months (95% CI, 30.4–37.6) in the primary analysis population. A considerable negative prognostic impact (descriptive p ≤ 0.0005) on OS was seen with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) >1.5 × upper limit of normal (adjusted HR [aHR], 3.30; 95% CI, 2.19–4.98), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≥2 (aHR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.56–2.94), World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade 4 (aHR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.43–2.51), C‐reactive protein (CRP) level ≥0.3 (aHR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.40–2.26), and age ≥75 years (aHR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.24–2.18) in the multivariable analysis. PD‐L1 and immunophenotype affected OS in univariable analyses but were not selected in the multivariable model as explanatory variables.ConclusionsJEWEL identified sex, age, ECOG PS, liver and bone metastases, CRP levels, WHO/ISUP grade, LDH, and albumin levels as key prognostic factors for OS after first‐line TKI therapy for mRCC.
Comparison of oral morbidity and mid‐term efficacy of anterior urethroplasty using an autologous tissue‐engineered graft (MukoCell®) versus native oral mucosa graft
Authors: Karapanos Leonidas , Knorr Vincent , Halbe Luisa , Schmautz Maximilian , Ergashev Bobirjon , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveOur study aimed to compare surgical success rate (SR) and oral morbidity of augmentation urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures using autologous tissue‐engineered oral mucosa graft (TEOMG) named MukoCell® versus native oral mucosa graft (NOMG).MethodsWe conducted a single‐institution observational study on patients undergoing TEOMG and NOMG urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures >2 cm in length from January 2016 to July 2020. SR, oral morbidity, and potential risk factors of recurrence were compared between groups were analyzed. A decrease of maximum uroflow rate < 15 mL/s or further instrumentation was considered a failure.ResultsOverall, TEOMG (n = 77) and NOMG (n = 76) groups had comparable SR (68.8% vs. 78.9%, p = 0.155) after a median follow‐up of 52 (interquartile range [IQR] 45–60) months for TEOMG and 53.5 (IQR 43–58) months for NOMG. Subgroup analysis revealed comparable SR according to surgical technique, stricture localization, and length. Only following repetitive urethral dilatations, TEOMG achieved lower SR (31.3% vs. 81.3%, p = 0.003). Surgical time was significantly shorter by TEOMG use (median 104 vs. 182 min, p < 0.001). Oral morbidity and the associated “burden” in patients' quality of life were significantly less at 3 weeks following the biopsy required for TEOMG manufacture, compared to NOMG harvesting and totally absent at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.ConclusionsThe SR of TEOMG urethroplasty appeared to be comparable to NOMG at a mid‐term follow‐up but taking into account the uneven distribution of stricture site and the surgical techniques used in both groups. Surgical time was significantly shortened, since no intraoperative mucosa harvesting was required, and oral complications were diminished through the preoperative biopsy for MukoCell® manufacture.
Sedation with a 1:1 mixture of etomidate and propofol for gastroscopy in hypertensive elderly patients
Authors: Liu Yanpeng , Huang Yiping , Wang Ruoguo , Zhai Yongji , Huang Kechang , Ren Zhanjie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe hypothesized that the combined use of etomidate and propofol for endoscopic sedation in elderly hypertensive patients could reduce adverse reactions while providing ideal sedation. To validate our hypothesis, we conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, double‐blinded study. A total of 360 elderly hypertensive patients scheduled for gastroscopy at our hospital were enrolled in the study, of whom 328 completed the trial. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the propofol group (group P), the etomidate group (group E), or the propofol‐etomidate combination group (mixed at a ratio of 1:1, group PE). We collected and analyzed the cardiopulmonary effects and side effects in each group. Regardless of the sedation drug used, the systolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, and heart rate of involved patients were significantly affected. Oxygen desaturation and injection pain were more common in group P compared to groups E (33.6% vs. 14.8%, 31.8% vs. 2.7%, both P < 0.01) and group PE (33.6% vs. 13.6%, 31.8% vs. 6.4%, both P < 0.01). The incidence of myoclonus in the PE group was lower than that in the E group (10.9% vs. 61.2%, P < 0.01). Our results indeed demonstrated that the combined use of etomidate and propofol appeared to maintain cardiopulmonary stability with minimal side effects in older hypertensive patients scheduled for gastroscopy, which further implied that this sedation strategy could be a safe and pain‐free option for managing patients undergoing gastroscopy, particularly those at a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events.
Effects of fluorescent dust and protein markers on the foraging behaviour of a whitefly parasitoid, Eretmocerus emiratus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Authors: Hagler James R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMark‐release‐recapture studies require the application of a taggant to the arthropod under investigation before release at the study site so that recaptured specimens are identifiable. This mark must not affect the dispersal or foraging behaviour of the targeted organism. In this study, groups of Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aleyrodidae), a whitefly parasitoid, were marked externally with fluorescent dust or a liquid protein, or internally with a protein incorporated in their diet. Subsequently, the mark treatments' effects on foraging behaviour were compared with unmarked parasitoids. For the most part, marked specimens behaved similarly to their unmarked counterparts. However, there was an increase in host feeding, probing, and grooming activities exhibited by parasitoids exposed to certain mark treatments.