bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Analytics to Design Lung Transplant Allocation Policy
Authors: Papalexopoulos Theodore , Alcorn James , Bertsimas Dimitris , Goff Rebecca , Stewart Darren , Trichakis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2023

In 2019, the United Network for Sharing (UNOS), which has been operating the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) in the United States since 1984, was seeking to design a new national lung transplant allocation policy. The goal was to develop a point system that would prioritize candidates on the waiting list in a way that would yield more efficient and equitable outcomes. Our joint Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)/UNOS team joined forces with the OPTN Lung Transplantation Committee in these policy design efforts. We discuss how our team applied a novel analytical framework, which was developed at MIT and utilizes optimization, regression, and simulation techniques, to illuminate salient trade-offs among outcomes and guide the choice of how to weigh different point attributes in the allocation formula. The committee selected for the allocation formula weights that were highlighted in the team’s analysis. The team’s proposal was implemented as the national lung allocation policy on March 9, 2023 across the United States. History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics Special Issue—2022 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in the Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research.
Networking Behind the Scenes: Institutional Cross-Industry Holdings and Corporate Loan Markets
Authors: He Jie (Jack) , Liang Lantian , Wang Hui (Grace) , Xia Han 
Published: September 2023

Institutional investors increasingly hold firms in both the industrial and financial sectors. These cross-industry holdings link firms to “outside” banks that they have not borrowed from, creating a network between the two sectors. We show that such networks reduce firms’ loan spreads. This effect is more prominent when cross-holders are actively involved in borrowers’ routine operations and when they have stronger incentives to advocate for borrowers in the loan process. Furthermore, outside banks begin to lend more to firms once the two parties become linked. This network is “behind-the-scenes” because it does not arise from prior interactions between firms and banks, but is instead built through institutions’ cross-holdings. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4911 .
The Booms and Busts of Beta Arbitrage
Authors: Huang Shiyang , Liu Xin , Lou Dong , Polk Christopher 
Published: September 2023

Low-beta stocks deliver high average returns and low risk relative to high-beta stocks, an opportunity for professional investors to “arbitrage” away. We argue that beta-arbitrage activity generates booms and busts in the strategy’s abnormal trading profits. In times of low arbitrage activity, the beta-arbitrage strategy exhibits delayed correction, taking up to three years for abnormal returns to be realized. In contrast, when arbitrage activity is high, prices overshoot and then revert in the long run. We document a novel positive-feedback channel operating through firm leverage that facilitates these boom-and-bust cycles. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC Grant Number 72303226] and the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC Grant Number 72233003]. Supplemental Material: The internet appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4929 .
1.36  J nanosecond laser at 1  kHz repetition based on a slab amplifier chain
Authors: Yu Yi , Tong Lixin , Wu Yingchen , Xu Liu , Gao Qingsong , Zhang Wei , Tang Chun , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2023

A high beam quality diode-pumped Nd:YAG master oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) laser with three end-pumped slab amplifiers is developed. The Q-swtiched side-pumped rod oscillator presented a pulse energy 3.1 mJ with beam quality factors of Mx2=1.17 and My2=1.15 at a repetition of 1 kHz. The MOPA system delivered a pulse energy of 1.36 J with a pulse width of 48.2 ns and an extraction efficiency of 44.8%. The beam quality factors of Mx2=1.72 and My2=3.85 are measured without any phase-conjugators or adaptive optics.
Effects of a clinical decision support system and patient portal for preventing medication-related falls in older fallers: Protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded process and economic evaluations (ADFICE_IT)
Authors: de Wildt Kelly K. , van de Loo Bob , Linn Annemiek J. , Medlock Stephanie K. , Groos Sara S. , Ploegmakers Kim J. , Seppala Lotta J. , Bosmans Judith E. , Abu-Hanna Ameen , van Weert Julia C. M. , van Schoor Natasja M. , van der Velde Nathalie ,   on behalf of the ADFICE_IT study team
Published: September 2023

Background
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related mortality and hospitalization among adults aged ≥ 65 years. An important modifiable fall-risk factor is use of fall-risk increasing drugs (FRIDs). However, deprescribing is not always attempted or performed successfully. The ADFICE_IT trial evaluates the combined use of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) and a patient portal for optimizing the deprescribing of FRIDs in older fallers. The intervention aims to optimize and enhance shared decision making (SDM) and consequently prevent injurious falls and reduce healthcare-related costs.

Methods
A multicenter, cluster-randomized controlled trial with process evaluation will be conducted among hospitals in the Netherlands. We aim to include 856 individuals aged ≥ 65 years that visit the falls clinic due to a fall. The intervention comprises the combined use of a CDSS and a patient portal. The CDSS provides guideline-based advice with regard to deprescribing and an individual fall-risk estimation, as calculated by an embedded prediction model. The patient portal provides educational information and a summary of the patient’s consultation. Hospitals in the control arm will provide care-as-usual. Fall-calendars will be used for measuring the time to first injurious fall (primary outcome) and secondary fall outcomes during one year. Other measurements will be conducted at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months and include quality of life, cost-effectiveness, feasibility, and shared decision-making measures. Data will be analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Difference in time to injurious fall between the intervention and control group will be analyzed using multilevel Cox regression.

Discussion
The findings of this study will add valuable insights about how digital health informatics tools that target physicians and older adults can optimize deprescribing and support SDM. We expect the CDSS and patient portal to aid in deprescribing of FRIDs, resulting in a reduction in falls and related injuries.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05449470 (7-7-2022).
The impacts of social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity levels of over 50-year olds: The CHARIOT COVID-19 Rapid Response (CCRR) cohort study
Authors: Green Conall , Beaney Thomas , Salman David , Robb Catherine , de Jager Loots Celeste A. , Giannakopoulou Parthenia , Udeh-Momoh Chi , Ahmadi-Abhari Sara , Majeed Azeem , Middleton Lefkos T. , McGregor Alison H. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
To quantify the associations between shielding status and loneliness at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and physical activity (PA) levels throughout the pandemic.

Methods
Demographic, health and lifestyle characteristics of 7748 cognitively healthy adults aged >50, and living in London, were surveyed from April 2020 to March 2021. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short-form assessed PA before COVID-19 restrictions, and up to 6 times over 11 months. Linear mixed models investigated associations between shielding status and loneliness at the onset of the pandemic, with PA over time.

Results
Participants who felt ‘often lonely’ at the outset of the pandemic completed an average of 522 and 547 fewer Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) minutes/week during the pandemic (95% CI: -809, -236, p<0.001) (95% CI: -818, -275, p<0.001) than those who felt ‘never lonely’ in univariable and multivariable models adjusted for demographic factors respectively. Those who felt ‘sometimes lonely’ completed 112 fewer MET minutes/week (95% CI: -219, -5, p = 0.041) than those who felt ‘never lonely’ following adjustment for demographic factors.
Participants who were shielding at the outset of the pandemic completed an average of 352 fewer MET minutes/week during the pandemic than those who were not (95% CI: -432, -273; p<0.001) in univariable models and 228 fewer MET minutes/week (95% CI: -307, -150, p<0.001) following adjustment for demographic factors. No significant associations were found after further adjustment for health and lifestyle factors.

Conclusions
Those shielding or lonely at pandemic onset were likely to have completed low levels of PA during the pandemic. These associations are influenced by co-morbidities and health status.
Prevalence and clinical impacts of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Lee Jae Ha , Jang Ji Hoon , Park Jin Han , Lee Sunggun , Kim Ji Yeon , Ko Junghae , Jung So Young , Kim Dae-Wook , Hong SungMin , Jang Hang-Jea 
Published: September 2023

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease with chronic, progressive lung fibrosis with a poor prognosis. Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in IPF patients and an association with poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical effects on mortality of OSA in patients with IPF.

Methods
Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 167 patients with IPF at Haeundae-Paik Hospital, Republic of Korea. A type 4 portable device was used to monitor OSA, and an apnea-hypopnea index of 5 events per sleep hour and above was diagnosed as OSA.

Results
The mean follow-up period and age were 26.9 months and 71.4 years, respectively, with male predominance. OSA was confirmed in 108 patients (64.7%). Mild OSA was the most common (62.1%). Independent risk factors for OSA in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.13, p = 0.007), body weight (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, p = 0.002), and risk based on the Berlin questionnaire (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.12–6.80, p = 0.028). Shorter six-minute walk distance (6MWD) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00–1.00, p < 0.001), acute exacerbation (AE) (HR 13.83, 95% CI: 5.71–33.47, p < 0.001), and higher percentage of cumulative time with oxygen saturation below 90% in total sleep time (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14, p = 0.007) were risk factors for mortality in IPF patients in the Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion
Approximately two-thirds of the IPF patients had OSA. Older age, higher body weight, and high risk based on the Berlin questionnaire were independent risk factors for OSA in IPF patients. Shorter 6MWD, experience of AE, and night hypoxemia during sleep were associated with a higher risk of mortality in patients with IPF.
Identification of system-level features in HIV migration within a host
Authors: Goyal Ravi , De Gruttola Victor , Gianella Sara , Caballero Gemma , Porrachia Magali , Ignacio Caroline , Woodworth Brendon , Smith Davey M. , Chaillon Antoine 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Identify system-level features in HIV migration within a host across body tissues. Evaluate heterogeneity in the presence and magnitude of these features across hosts.

Method
Using HIV DNA deep sequencing data generated across multiple tissues from 8 people with HIV, we represent the complex dependencies of HIV migration among tissues as a network and model these networks using the family of exponential random graph models (ERGMs). ERGMs allow for the statistical assessment of whether network features occur more (or less) frequently in viral migration than might be expected by chance. The analysis investigates five potential features of the viral migration network: (1) bi-directional flow between tissues; (2) preferential migration among tissues in the same biological system; (3) heterogeneity in the level of viral migration related to HIV reservoir size; (4) hierarchical structure of migration; and (5) cyclical migration among several tissues. We calculate the Cohran’s Q statistic to assess heterogeneity in the magnitude of the presence of these features across hosts. The analysis adjusts for missing data on body tissues.

Results
We observe strong evidence for bi-directional flow between tissues; migration among tissues in the same biological system; and hierarchical structure of the viral migration network. This analysis shows no evidence for differential level of viral migration with respect to the HIV reservoir size of a tissue. There is evidence that cyclical migration among three tissues occurs less frequent than expected given the amount of viral migration. The analysis also provides evidence for heterogeneity in the magnitude that these features are present across hosts. Adjusting for missing tissue data identifies system-level features within a host as well as heterogeneity in the presence of these features across hosts that are not detected when the analysis only considers the observed data.

Discussion
Identification of common features in viral migration may increase the efficiency of HIV cure efforts as it enables targeting specific processes.
The impact of perceived everyday discrimination and income on racial and ethnic disparities in PTSD, depression, and anxiety among veterans
Authors: Nillni Yael I. , Horenstein Arielle , McClendon Juliette , Duke Christopher C. , Sawdy Molly , Galovski Tara E. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals experience a greater burden of mental health symptoms as compared to White individuals in the general population. Examination of ethnoracial disparities and mechanisms explaining these disparities among veterans is still in its nascence. The current study examined perceived everyday discrimination and income as parallel mediators of the association between race/ethnicity and PTSD, depression, and general anxiety symptoms in a sample of White, Black, and Hispanic/Latinx veterans stratified by gender.

Methods
A random sample of 3,060 veterans living across the U.S. (oversampled for veterans living in high crime communities) completed a mail-based survey. Veterans completed self-report measures of perceived discrimination via the Everyday Discrimination Scale, PTSD symptoms via the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5, depressive symptoms via the Patient Health Questionnaire, and anxiety symptoms via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire.

Results
Models comparing Black vs. White veterans found that the significant effect of race on PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms was mediated by both perceived discrimination and income for both male and female veterans. Results were less consistent in models comparing Hispanic/Latinx vs. White veterans. Income, but not perceived discrimination, mediated the relationship between ethnicity/race and depression and anxiety symptoms, but only among women.

Conclusions
Results suggest that discrimination and socioeconomic status are important mechanisms through which marginalized social status negatively impacts mental health.
The Role of Retinal Dopamine D1 Receptors in Ocular Growth and Myopia Development in Mice
Authors: Shu Ziheng , Chen Kaijie , Wang Qiongsi , Wu Honglin , Zhu Yangfeifei , Tian Ruikang , Yan Wenjun , Huang Qin , Zhang Chunlan , Xiong Weiwei , Qu Jia , Zhou Xiangtian , Huang Furong 
Published: September 2023

Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in the signaling cascade controlling ocular refractive development, but the exact role and site of action of dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) involved in myopia remains unclear. Here, we determine whether retinal D1Rs exclusively mediate the effects of endogenous dopamine and systemically delivered D1R agonist or antagonist in the mouse form deprivation myopia (FDM) model. Male C57BL/6 mice subjected to unilateral FDM or unobstructed vision were divided into the following four groups: one noninjected and three groups that received intraperitoneal injections of a vehicle, D1R agonist SKF38393 (18 and 59 nmol/g), or D1R antagonist SCH39166 (0.1 and 1 nmol/g). The effects of these drugs on FDM were further assessed inDrd1-knock-out (Drd1-KO), retina-specific conditionalDrd1-KO (Drd1-CKO) mice, and corresponding wild-type littermates. In the visually unobstructed group, neither SKF38393 nor SCH39166 affected normal refractive development, whereas myopia development was attenuated by SKF38393 and enhanced by SCH39166 injections. InDrd1-KO orDrd1-CKO mice, however, these drugs had no effect on FDM development, suggesting that activation of retinal D1Rs is pertinent to myopia suppression by the D1R agonist. Interestingly, the development of myopia was unchanged by eitherDrd1-KO orDrd1-CKO, and neither SKF38393 nor SCH39166 injections, norDrd1-KO, affected the retinal or vitreal dopamine and the dopamine metabolite DOPAC levels. Effects on axial length were less marked than effects on refraction. Therefore, activation of D1Rs, specifically retinal D1Rs, inhibits myopia development in mice. These results also suggest that multiple dopamine D1R mechanisms play roles in emmetropization and myopia development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile dopamine is recognized as a “stop” signal that inhibits myopia development (myopization), the location of the dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) that mediate this action remains to be addressed. Answers to this key question are critical for understanding how dopaminergic systems regulate ocular growth and refraction. We report here the results of our study showing that D1Rs are essential for controlling ocular growth and myopia development in mice, and for identifying the retina as the site of action for dopaminergic control via D1Rs. These findings highlight the importance of intrinsic retinal dopaminergic mechanisms for the regulation of ocular growth and suggest specific avenues for exploring the retinal mechanisms involved in the dopaminergic control of emmetropization and myopization.
Prevalence and Predictors of Early Intervention Referral Among Substance-Exposed Newborns
Authors: Bourque Stephanie L. , Weikel Blair W. , Hwang Sunah S. 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES
Substance-exposed newborns (SENs) are at risk for developmental delay(s). Early intervention (EI) access, key to addressing these risks, is inequitable. Objectives were to: 1. determine prevalence of EI referral in the Colorado Hospitals Substance-Exposed Newborn Quality Improvement Collaborative; and 2. evaluate predictors of referral.

METHODS
Within participating Colorado Hospitals Substance-Exposed Newborn hospitals, maternal–infant dyads with exposure to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), illicit/prescription opioids, and/or nonopioid substances were included on the basis of electronic medical record documentation. χ2, Fisher’s exact, and analysis of variance tests evaluated differences in maternal/infant characteristics by referral. Multivariable Poisson regression models assessed the independent association of characteristics with referral.

RESULTS
Among 1222 dyads, 504 (41%) SENs received EI referral. Infants born to mothers with non-MOUD (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–2.76) and polysubstance (aRR 1.58, 95% CI 1.26–1.97) exposure were less likely to receive referral compared with infants born to mothers with MOUD exposure. Those with private (aRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.55) or self-pay/no insurance (aRR 12.32, 95% CI 10.87–13.96) were less likely to receive referral compared with infants with public insurance.

CONCLUSIONS
Less than half of identified SENs received EI referral, with variation by substance exposure and maternal insurance status. Systems to ensure equitable access to services are crucial.
PSEUDORECOMBINACIÓN DEL VIRUS DEL MOSAICO AMARILLO DE LA PAPA QUE INFECTA TOMATE CON BEGOMOVIRUS AISLADOS DE ARVENSES
Authors: García-Torres Alexandra , López-López Karina , Vaca-Vaca Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2023

En las infecciones mixtas entre begomovirus, comunes en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, eventos como transcomplementación y transreplicación pueden ocurrir. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la posibilidad de eventos asimétricos de transreplicación y transcomplementación entre el Virus del mosaico amarillo de la papa (PYMV) y tres begomovirus previamente aislados de arvenses asociadas al cultivo de tomate: Virus del mosaico dorado de croton (CohGMV), Virus del mosaico dorado de rhynchosia de Colombia (RhGMCV) y el Virus moteado de verbena (VeMV). Para alcanzar este objetivo, se inocularon hojas de tomate con mezclas artificiales de componentes genómicos begomovirales pertenecientes a PYMV, CohGMV, RhGMCV o VeMV usando biobalística. Se analizaron las posibles interacciones entre los virus a nivel de replicación, movimiento y expresión de síntomas. Nuestros resultados mostraron complementación simétrica a nivel de movimiento y replicación, además de eventos de transactivación heteróloga en infecciones mixtas entre PYMV con CohGMV, RhGMCV o VeMV. Para explicar la posible complementación asimétrica a nivel de movimiento y replicación entre estos begomovirus, se realizó un análisis bioinformático de los promotores virales de PYMV, CohGMV, RhGMCV y VeMV. Se identificaron similitudes en los elementos cis-regulatorios de las regiones analizadas entre los begomovirus estudiados en nuestro análisis. Los eventos de complementación asimétrica y transactivación observados bajo condiciones experimentales sugieren que, de presentarse infecciones mixtas bajo condiciones naturales en el campo, podrían potencialmente emerger nuevos pseudorecombinantes.
Improvement of the soil quality under intercropped conilon coffee (Coffea canephora P.) in the coastal tablelands of Southeast Brazil
Authors: Soares de Souza Gustavo , Carlette Thiengo Cássio , Silva Samuel de Assis , Armani Borghi Edinei José 
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-hydrological and chemical properties and organic carbon stock of soil under intercropped conilon coffee (Coffea canephora P.) and in full sun in the coastal tablelands of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The treatments evaluated were coffee intercropped with rubber tree (CR) and in full sun (FS) in the area 1; coffee intercropped with papaya (CP) and in full sun (FS) in the area 2; coffee intercropped with coconut (CC), in full sun (FS), and an area of ​​native vegetation (NV) in the area 3. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and its organic carbon stocks were measured in layers of 0-0.4 m. In area 1, CR showed lower soil bulk density and temperature, and higher total porosity and macroporosity. In area 2, CP presented higher available water capacity and soil water content, better soil fertility, and lower soil temperature. In area 3, CC presented higher total porosity, available water capacity, and soil organic carbon stock. NV presented physical and chemical properties of soil that limit the agricultural development of the crops. Conilon coffee plantations can improve the physical-hydrological and chemical quality of soil compared to cultivation in full sun and native vegetation in the coastal tablelands, which varies according to the intercropped culture.