bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexity and Multi-boundary Wormholes in 2 + 1 dimensions
Authors: Zolfi Hamed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Three dimensional wormholes are global solutions of Einstein-Hilbert action. These space-times which are quotients of a part of global AdS3 have multiple asymptotic regions, each with conformal boundary S1 × ℝ, and separated from each other by horizons. Each outer region is isometric to BTZ black hole, and behind the horizons, there is a complicated topology. The main virtue of these geometries is that they are dual to known CFT states. In this paper, we evaluate the full time dependence of holographic complexity for the simplest case of 2 + 1 dimensional Lorentzian wormhole spacetime, which has three asymptotic AdS boundaries, using the “complexity equals volume” (CV) conjecture. We conclude that the growth of complexity is non-linear and saturates at late times.
Linear response of entanglement entropy to $$ T\overline{T} $$ in massive QFTs
Authors: Ashkenazi Shachar , Chakraborty Soumangsu , Ma Zhanyu , Shachar Tom 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We compute the leading correction to entanglement entropy in $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed massive QFTs. We show that both for massive scalar and Dirac fermion, the leading order correction to the entanglement entropy of half space comes from the boundary of the entangling surface. For the case of massive scalar, the boundary term is finite while for massive fermion, it diverges logarithmically giving rise to an additional log-square divergence in the entanglement entropy.
Prospects for strong coupling measurement at hadron colliders using soft-drop jet mass
Authors: Hannesdottir Holmfridur S. , Pathak Aditya , Schwartz Matthew D. , Stewart Iain W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We compute the soft-drop jet-mass distribution from pp collisions to NNLL accuracy while including nonperturbative corrections through a field-theory based formalism. Using these calculations, we assess the theoretical uncertainties on an αs precision measurement due to higher order perturbative effects, nonperturbative corrections, and PDF uncertainty. We identify which soft-drop parameters are well-suited for measuring αs, and find that higher-logarithmic resummation has a qualitatively important effect on the shape of the jet-mass distribution. We find that quark jets and gluon jets have similar sensitivity to αs, and emphasize that experimentally distinguishing quark and gluon jets is not required for an αs measurement. We conclude that measuring αs to the 10% level is feasible now, and with improvements in theory a 5% level measurement is possible. Getting down to the 1% level to be competitive with other state-of-the-art measurements will be challenging.
Decoherence of cosmological perturbations from boundary terms and the non-classicality of gravity
Authors: Sou Chon Man , Tran Duc Huy , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We note that the decoherence of inflationary curvature perturbation ζ is dominated by a boundary term of the gravity action. Although this boundary term cannot affect cosmological correlators 〈ζn〉, it induces much faster decoherence for ζ than that of previous calculations. The gravitational origin of inflationary decoherence sheds light on the quantum (or non-classical) nature of gravity. By comparing with a Schrödinger-Newton toy model of classical gravity, we show that gravity theories of classical or quantum origins can be distinguished by comparing their different impacts on decoherence rate of ζ. Our calculation also indicates that density fluctuation δρ better preserves quantum information than ζ for the purpose of constructing cosmological Bell-like experiments.
eEF2 improves dense connective tissue repair and healing outcome by regulating cellular death, autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation and migration
Authors: Chen Junyu , Wang Jin , Wu Xinjie , Simon Nils , Svensson Camilla I. , Yuan Juan , Hart David A. , Ahmed Aisha S. , Ackermann Paul W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOutcomes following human dense connective tissue (DCT) repair are often variable and suboptimal, resulting in compromised function and development of chronic painful degenerative diseases. Moreover, biomarkers and mechanisms that guide good clinical outcomes after DCT injuries are mostly unknown. Here, we characterize the proteomic landscape of DCT repair following human Achilles tendon rupture and its association with long-term patient-reported outcomes. Moreover, the potential regulatory mechanisms of relevant biomarkers were assessed partly by gene silencing experiments. A mass-spectrometry based proteomic approach quantified a large number (769) of proteins, including 51 differentially expressed proteins among 20 good versus 20 poor outcome patients. A novel biomarker, elongation factor-2 (eEF2) was identified as being strongly prognostic of the 1-year clinical outcome. Further bioinformatic and experimental investigation revealed that eEF2 positively regulated autophagy, cell proliferation and migration, as well as reduced cell death and apoptosis, leading to improved DCT repair and outcomes. Findings of eEF2 as novel prognostic biomarker could pave the way for new targeted treatments to improve healing outcomes after DCT injuries.Trial registration: NCT02318472 registered 17 December 2014 and NCT01317160 registered 17 March 2011, with URLhttp://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02318472andhttp://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01317160.
Pflegeethik und der Auftrag der Pflege – Gegenwärtige Grenzen am Beispiel der stationären Altenpflege
Authors: Wöhlke Sabine , Riedel Annette 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungZentrale ethische Prinzipien professioneller Pflege sind Würde, Fürsorge, Gerechtigkeit und Respekt. Die Rahmenbedingungen und Gegebenheiten in der Altenpflege führen aktuell dazu, dass eine professionelle Pflegeethik vielfach nicht mehr realisierbar ist. Dies führt nicht nur zu (moralischen) Belastungen bei den Pflegenden, sondern in umfassendem Maße auch zur Berufsunzufriedenheit und zum Berufsausstieg. Der Begriff „Pflexit“ wurde erstmals in der Coronapandemie laut und ist seither nicht mehr verhallt.Um eine ethisch begründete und würdevolle wie auch an den Menschenrechten orientierte Altenpflege sicherzustellen, wie es politisch in Chartas vermittelt und zu Recht von den pflegebedürftigen Menschen erwartet wird, bedarf es der schnellen und umfassenden gesellschaftlichen und politischen Intervention. Würde und Respekt sind in diesem Zusammenhang auch ein gesellschaftlicher Auftrag. Eine professionelle, an ethischen Werten orientierte Pflege ist nur umsetzbar, wenn auch Pflegenden eben diese Haltung entgegengebracht wird. Den deutlichen Warnhinweisen auf eine „Pflegekrise“ müssen endlich Taten folgen, auch um die Berufsflucht zu stoppen. In diesem Diskussionsartikel wird zunächst die Bedeutsamkeit einer professionellen Pflegeethik dargelegt. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Rahmenbedingungen und aktuelle Probleme aufgezeigt, die einer umfassenden Umsetzung zentraler Werte in der Altenpflege entgegenstehen. Dabei wird der Schwerpunkt auf die Auswirkungen der prekären Personalsituation gelegt.
Hospital variation in revision rates after primary knee arthroplasty was not explained by patient selection: baseline data from 1452 patients in the Danish prospective multicenter cohort study, SPARK
Authors: Mørup-Petersen Anne , Krogsgaard Michael Rindom , Laursen Mogens , Madsen Frank , Mongelard Kristian Breds Geoffroy , Rømer Lone , Winther-Jensen Matilde , Odgaard Anders 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Revision rates following primary knee arthroplasty vary by country, region and hospital. The SPARK study was initiated to compare primary surgery across three Danish regions with consistently different revision rates. The present study investigated whether the variations were associated with differences in the primary patient selection.

Methods
A prospective observational cohort study included patients scheduled Sep 2016 Dec 2017 for primary knee arthroplasty (total, medial/lateral unicompartmental or patellofemoral) at three high-volume hospitals, representing regions with 2-year cumulative revision rates of 1, 2 and 5%, respectively. Hospitals were compared with respects to patient demographics, preoperative patient-reported outcome measures, motivations for surgery, implant selection, radiological osteoarthritis and the regional incidence of primary surgery. Statistical tests (parametric and non-parametric) comprised all three hospitals.

Results
Baseline data was provided by 1452 patients (89% of included patients, 56% of available patients). Patients in Copenhagen (Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, high-revision) were older (68.6 ± 9 years) than those in low-revision hospitals (Aarhus 66.6 ± 10 y. and Aalborg (Farsø) 67.3 ± 9 y., p = 0.002). In Aalborg, patients who had higher Body Mass Index (mean 30.2 kg/m2 versus 28.2 (Aarhus) and 28.7 kg/m2 (Copenhagen), p < 0.001), were more likely to be male (56% versus 45 and 43%, respectively, p = 0.002), and exhibited fewer anxiety and depression symptoms (EQ-5D-5L) (24% versus 34 and 38%, p = 0.01). The preoperative Oxford Knee Score (23.3 ± 7), UCLA Activity Scale (4.7 ± 2), range of motion (Copenhagen Knee ROM Scale) and patient motivations were comparable across hospitals but varied with implant type. Radiological classification ≥ 2 was observed in 94% (Kellgren-Lawrence) and 67% (Ahlbäck) and was more frequent in Aarhus (low-revision) (p ≤ 0.02), where unicompartmental implants were utilized most (49% versus 14 (Aalborg) and 23% (Copenhagen), p < 0.001). In the Capital Region (Copenhagen), the incidence of surgery was 15–28% higher (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Patient-reported outcome measures prior to primary knee arthroplasty were comparable across hospitals with differing revision rates. While radiographic classifications and surgical incidence indicated higher thresholds for primary surgery in one low-revision hospital, most variations in patient and implant selection were contrary to well-known revision risk factors, suggesting that patient selection differences alone were unlikely to be responsible for the observed variation in revision rates across Danish hospitals.

Level of evidence
II, Prospective cohort study.
Long-term results of a prospective randomized trial comparing tension-free vaginal tape versus transobturator tape in stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Salo Heini , Sova Henri , Laru Johanna , Talvensaari-Mattila Anne , Nyyssönen Virva , Santala Markku , Piltonen Terhi , Koivurova Sari , Rossi Henna-Riikka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
This study was aimed at investigating the long-term effectiveness of minimally invasive mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery and at comparing the outcomes between retropubic (tension-free vaginal tape, TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) methods in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) with a predominant stress component in a long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Methods
This work is a long-term follow-up study of a previous prospective randomized trial conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Oulu University Hospital between January 2004 and November 2006. The original 100 patients were randomized into the TVT (n=50) or TOT (n=50) group. The median follow-up time was 16 years, and the subjective outcomes were evaluated using internationally standardized and validated questionnaires.

Results
Long-term follow-up data were obtained from 34 TVT patients and 38 TOT patients. At 16 years after MUS surgery, the UISS significantly decreased from a preoperative score in the TVT (11.88 vs 5.00, p<0.001) and TOT (11.05 vs 4.95, p<0.001) groups, showing a good long-term success of the MUS surgery in both groups. In comparing the TVT and TOT procedures, the subjective cure rates did not differ significantly between the study groups in long-term follow-up according to validated questionnaires.

Conclusion
Midurethral sling surgery had good long-term outcomes in the treatment of SUI and MUI with a predominant stress component. The subjective outcomes of the TVT and TOT procedures were similar after a 16-year follow-up.
Does radiolucency really predict loose components in revision shoulder arthroplasty?
Authors: Streck Laura E. , Gaal Chiara , Gohlke Frank , Rudert Maximilian , List Kilian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
The number of shoulder arthroplasties is increasing along with the need for revision surgeries. Determining the stability of the implant is crucial in preoperative planning. This study aims to investigate whether radiolucent lines (RLL) in preoperative radiographs predict component loosening.

Materials and methods
Preoperative radiographs of 93 cases in 88 patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty revision were evaluated regarding the presence of RLL. Correlation analyses were performed for radiographic findings and demographic factors (age, gender, BMI, prior surgeries) compared to intraoperative findings.

Results
The presence of RLL around the humeral component correlated with loosening (p < 0.001, Phi 0.511), and the distal zones 3 and 5 showed the strongest correlation (Phi 0.536). While RLL in only one zone did not predict loosening (p = 0.337), RLL present in two or more zones showed correlation with loosening (p < 0.001). Risk factors associated with loosening were a higher age at the time of revision surgery (p = 0.030) and the number of zones with RLL (p < 0.001). The glenoid component was loose in 39.0% of the cases; 5.5% of the glenoid components with RLL were stable. Nevertheless, the presence of RLL was highly associated with loosening (p < 0.001, Phi 0.603). A longer time between implantation and revision correlated with loosening of the glenoid component (p = 0.046).

Conclusion
While RLL do not predict loosening of the implant in general, occurrence in more than one zone correlates with loosening. If located in distal zones and with increasing number of zones with RLL, the correlation becomes even stronger and loosening is more likely.
Risk factors for residual back pain following percutaneous vertebral augmentation: the importance of paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration
Authors: Gao Xiangcheng , Du Jinpeng , Hao Dingjun , He Baorong , Yan Liang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Residual back pain (RBP) after percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) still exists considerable, and it even affects daily life due to moderate or severe back pain. A variety of risk factors have been previously identified for developing residual back pain. However, there are conflicting reports regarding the association between sarcopenia and residual back pain. As such, the aim of this study was to investigate whether paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration is a predictor of residual back pain.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with single-segment OVCF who underwent PVA from January 2016 to January 2022. Patients were divided into RBP group (86 patients) and control group (790 patients) according to whether the visual analog scale (VAS) score ≥ 4. The clinical and radiological data were analyzed. Paraspinal musculature fatty degeneration was measured using the Goutallier classification system (GCS) at the L4 − 5 intervertebral disc level. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors.

Results
The results of multivariate logistical regression analysis revealed that posterior fascia injury (odds ratio (OR) = 5.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.12–5.50; P < 0.001), as regards paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration, including Goutallier grading (OR = 12.23; 95% CI 7.81–23.41; P < 0.001), fCSA (OR = 3.06; 95% CI 1.63–6.84; P = 0.002), fCSA/CSA (%) (OR = 14.38; 95% CI 8.80–26.29; P < 0.001), and facet joint violation (OR = 8.54; 95% CI 6.35–15.71; P < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for RBP.

Conclusions
Posterior fascia injury, paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration, and facet joint violation were identified as independent risk factors for RBP, with paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration playing an important role.
The role of anti-eosinophilic therapies in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a systematic review
Authors: Kouverianos Ioannis , Angelopoulos Andreas , Daoussis Dimitrios 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, mostly affecting small-sized arteries and usually occurring in patients with an allergic background. Eosinophils seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease and, therefore, biologics targeting interleukin 5 (IL5), a cytokine tightly linked to eosinophils, have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool. A systematic review of Medline was conducted from 2007 to 2022 to search for data regarding the use of anti-IL5 therapies in patients with EGPA. Ongoing or unpublished trials were also searched in ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization trials portal. The efficacy and safety of mepolizumab, an anti-IL5 monoclonal antibody (mAb), was confirmed by a randomized controlled trial (RCT), although a significant proportion of patients did not respond to this treatment. Other studies showed that both doses of 100 mg and 300 mg of mepolizumab are almost equally effective in EGPA. Benralizumab, an anti-IL5 receptor mAb has preliminary promising results and an RCT is planned to be conducted. Apart from their clinical efficacy in EGPA, anti-IL5 therapies may have steroid-sparing properties. Anti-IL5 therapies seem to be effective and safe in patients with refractory/relapsing EGPA and can be used as a steroid-sparing treatment. Nevertheless, more research is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of the disease; this may potentially lead to the identification of biomarkers to pinpoint patients most likely to respond to anti-IL5-blockade.
The Ontology of Biological Attributes (OBA)—computational traits for the life sciences
Authors: Stefancsik Ray , Balhoff James P. , Balk Meghan A. , Ball Robyn L. , Bello Susan M. , Caron Anita R. , Chesler Elissa J. , de Souza Vinicius , Gehrke Sarah , Haendel Melissa , Harris Laura W. , Harris Nomi L. , Ibrahim Arwa , Koehler Sebastian , Matentzoglu Nicolas , McMurry Julie A. , Mungall Christopher J. , Munoz-Torres Monica C. , Putman Tim , Robinson Peter , Smedley Damian , Sollis Elliot , Thessen Anne E. , Vasilevsky Nicole , Walton David O. , Osumi-Sutherland David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExisting phenotype ontologies were originally developed to represent phenotypes that manifest as a character state in relation to a wild-type or other reference. However, these do not include the phenotypic trait or attribute categories required for the annotation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mappings or any population-focussed measurable trait data. The integration of trait and biological attribute information with an ever increasing body of chemical, environmental and biological data greatly facilitates computational analyses and it is also highly relevant to biomedical and clinical applications. The Ontology of Biological Attributes (OBA) is a formalised, species-independent collection of interoperable phenotypic trait categories that is intended to fulfil a data integration role. OBA is a standardised representational framework for observable attributes that are characteristics of biological entities, organisms, or parts of organisms. OBA has a modular design which provides several benefits for users and data integrators, including an automated and meaningful classification of trait terms computed on the basis of logical inferences drawn from domain-specific ontologies for cells, anatomical and other relevant entities. The logical axioms in OBA also provide a previously missing bridge that can computationally link Mendelian phenotypes with GWAS and quantitative traits. The term components in OBA provide semantic links and enable knowledge and data integration across specialised research community boundaries, thereby breaking silos.
10 Jahre Screening auf Frühgeborenenretinopathie (2009–2019)
Authors: Busik Valentina , Lorenz Birgit , Mais Christine , Jäger Melanie , Friedburg Christoph , Andrassi-Darida Monika , Ehrhardt Harald , Hubert Mechthild 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Frühgeborenenretinopathie („retinopathy of prematurity“ [ROP]) zählt in Deutschland und weltweit zu den häufigsten Erblindungsursachen im Kindesalter; ein adäquates Screening ist essenziell. Der telemedizinische Ansatz mit objektiver Dokumentation des Netzhautbefundes eröffnet die Möglichkeit, untersucherunabhängig alle ROP-Stadien sicher zu diagnostizieren, wenn die Befundung durch ein ROP-geschultes Augenärzteteam erfolgt.

Ziel der Arbeit
10-Jahres-Vergleich des ROP-Screenings an 2 deutschen Level-1-Perinatalzentren: universitär und vor Ort vs. nichtuniversitär und telemedizinisch.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Analyse der Screeninguntersuchungen stratifiziert nach Gestationsalter (GA), Geburtsgewicht (GG), Geschlecht, Mehrlingsgeburten, ROP-Zeitpunkt, Behandlungsbedürftigkeit, -zeitpunkt und Untersuchungshäufigkeit.

Ergebnisse
Von 2009 bis 2019 wurden 1191 Frühgeborene gescreent, davon 29 Externe. Bei den verbleibenden 1162 wurden 3713 Netzhautuntersuchungen durchgeführt; 34 % hatten eine ROP, 5,4 % wurden behandelt (Gießen 3,7 %, Siegen 7,2 %). Mittleres GA war 28,9 SSW (± 2,5), mittleres GG 1155 g (± 417,5). Die Zahl der ROP-Diagnosen stieg in Gießen um 227,3 % und in Siegen um 111,1 % aufgrund zunehmender Zahlen der betreuten Kinder.

Diskussion
Die vergleichende Analyse bestätigte national und international steigende ROP-Screening-Untersuchungen und Kinder mit akuter ROP. Das telemedizinische Screening war dem Vor-Ort-Screening gleichwertig und sicher. Mit beiden Screeningmethoden wurden alle Behandlungsbedürftigen zeitgerecht erkannt. Kein Kind mit einem GA > 29 SSW benötigte eine Behandlung, analog zu Ergebnissen des schwedischen Registers. Im deutschen ROP-Register waren aber einzelne Frühgeborene mit einem GA ≥ 30 SSW behandlungsbedürftig.
Path Regularity of the Brownian Motion and the Brownian Sheet
Authors: Kempka H. , Schneider C. , Vybiral J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBy the work of P. Lévy, the sample paths of the Brownian motion are known to satisfy a certain Hölder regularity condition almost surely. This was later improved by Ciesielski, who studied the regularity of these paths in Besov and Besov-Orlicz spaces. We review these results and propose new function spaces of Besov type, strictly smaller than those of Ciesielski and Lévy, in which the sample paths of the Brownian motion almost surely lie. In the same spirit, we review and extend the work of Kamont, who investigated the same question for the multivariate Brownian sheet and function spaces of dominating mixed smoothness.