bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the mHealth-supported Healthy Future programme delivered by community health workers on maternal and child health in rural China: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Yunwei , Wu Yuju , Dill Sarah-Eve , Guo Yian , Westgard Christopher Michael , Medina Alexis , Weber Ann M , Darmstadt Gary L , Zhou Huan , Rozelle Scott , Sylvia Sean 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionMillions of young rural children in China still suffer from poor health and malnutrition, partly due to a lack of knowledge about optimal perinatal and child care among rural mothers and caregivers. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to improve maternal mental health in rural communities. Comprehensive home visiting programmes delivered by community health workers (CHWs) can bridge the caregiver knowledge gap and improve child health and maternal well-being in low-resource settings, but the effectiveness of this approach is unknown in rural China. Additionally, grandmothers play important roles in child care and family decision-making in rural China, suggesting the importance of engaging multiple caregivers in interventions. The Healthy Future programme seeks to improve child health and maternal well-being by developing a staged-based curriculum that CHWs deliver to mothers and caregivers of young children through home visits with the assistance of a tablet-based mHealth system. This protocol describes the design and evaluation plan for this programme.Methods and analysisWe designed a cluster-randomised controlled trial among 119 rural townships in four nationally designated poverty counties in Southwestern China. We will compare the outcomes between three arms: one standard arm with only primary caregivers participating in the intervention, one encouragement arm engaging primary and secondary caregivers and one control arm with no intervention. Families with pregnant women or infants under 6 months of age are invited to enrol in the 12-month study. Primary outcomes include children’s haemoglobin levels, exclusive breastfeeding rates and dietary diversity in complementary feeding. Secondary outcomes include a combination of health, behavioural and intermediate outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been provided by Stanford University, Sichuan University and the University of Nevada, Reno. Trial findings will be disseminated through national and international peer-reviewed publications and conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN16800789.
Cohort Profile: CArdiovascular Risk in patients with DIAbetes in NAvarra (CARDIANA cohort)
Authors: Tamayo Ibai , Librero-Lopez Julian , Galbete Arkaitz , Cambra Koldo , Enguita-Germán Mónica , Forga Luis , Goñi María José , Lecea Oscar , Gorricho Javier , Olazarán Álvaro , Arnedo Laura , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Lafita Javier , Ibañez-Beroiz Berta 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe CArdiovascular Risk in patients with DIAbetes in Navarra (CARDIANA cohort) cohort was established to assess the effects of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes, with a special focus on socioeconomic factors, and to validate and develop cardiovascular risk models for these patients.ParticipantsThe CARDIANA cohort included all patients with T1D and T2D diabetes registered in the Public Health Service of Navarra with prevalent disease on 1 January 2012. It consisted of 1067 patients with T1D (ages 2–88 years) and 33842 patients with T2D (ages 20–105 years), whose data were retrospectively extracted from the Health and Administrative System Databases.Findings to dateThe follow-up period for wave 1 was from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016. During these 5 years, 9 patients (0.8%; 95% CI (0.4% to 1.6%)) in the T1D cohort developed a cardiovascular disease event, whereas for the T2D cohort, 2602 (7.7%; 95% CI (7.4% to 8.0%)) had an event. For the T2D cohort, physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events, with adjusted estimated ORs equal to 0.84 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.07) for the partially active group and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.91) for the active group, compared with patients in the non-active group.Future plansThe CARDIANA cohort is currently being used to assess the effect of sociodemographic risk factors on CV risk at 5 years and to externally validate cardiovascular predictive models. A second wave is being conducted in late 2022 and early 2023, to extend the follow-up other 5 years, from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021. Periodic data extractions are planned every 5 years.
Palmerston North Interventional Rapid Avastin Treat and Extend (PIRATE) study protocol; meeting the medical retina service needs of our ageing population
Authors: Bonnet Louis Antoine , Singh Vidit , Ah-Chan John 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAs the rates of age-related macular denegation exponentially increase, new innovation is required to address the challenges faced by our ageing population. The aim of the Palmerston North Interventional Rapid Avastin Treat and Extend (PIRATE) study is to establish the safety and efficacy of rapid treatment extension of bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with low-risk neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Methods and analysisThe PIRATE study is a monocentric, non-blinded, open-label randomised control trial. Participants over the age of 50 years with low-risk nAMD characteristics will be recruited in a prospective manner and randomised into treatment and control groups. Rapid treatment extension by 4 weeks will be applied in the treatment group, with the standard 2-week treatment extension occurring among controls. Participants will enter the trial after initial treatment induction consisting of three bevacizumab injections, 1 month apart. The primary outcome of best-corrected visual acuity will be assessed along with predetermined secondary outcomes at a study duration of 12 months (initial) and 24 months (total).Trial registration numberACTRN12622001246774p.
Multicentre positive deviance to reduce adverse events and length of stay after pulmonary resection
Authors: Seely Andrew J E , Ahmadzai Zubair , French Daniel G , Gingrich Molly , Jones Daniel , Anstee Caitlin , Safieddine Najib , Waddell Thomas K , Malthaner Richard , Ferri Lorenzo , Finley Christian , Darling Gail 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPostoperative adverse events (AEs) following pulmonary resection enormously impact patient well-being, length of stay (LOS) and healthcare costs. Standardised AE data collection can be used to identify positive outliers demonstrating positive deviance (PD) who may be helpful to inform the best practice. Here, we describe our initial experience of a novel quality improvement process using PD to reduce LOS and AEs.MethodsAE rates and LOS were collected from four centres (2014–2020) using a common dictionary. Surgeons repeatedly participated in 60 to 90 min seminars consisting of the following process: identify outcome and procedure targeted, review relevant best evidence literature, view all data anonymised by surgeon or centre (if multicentre), choose and reveal identity of best performance PD outliers, who discuss their management principles while all receive self-evaluation reports, followed by collegial discussion to generate consensus recommendations, voted by all. We assessed overall impact on AEs and LOS using aggregate data in a before/after analysis.ResultsA total of 131 surgeons (average 12/seminar) participated in 11 PD seminars (8 local and 3 multicentre), yielding 85 consensus recommendation (average 8/seminar). Median LOS following lobectomy decreased from 4.0 to 3.0 days (p=0.04) following local PD seminars and from 4.0 to 3.5 days (p=0.11) following multicentre seminars. Trends for reductions in multiple AE rates were also observed.ConclusionWhile limited by the longitudinal design, these findings provide preliminary support for this data-driven, collegial and actionable quality improvement process to help standardise and improve patient care, and merits further more rigorous investigation.
Resilience mediates the association between alexithymia and stress in Chinese medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Yuqun , Wang Tianyu , Jin Shengji , Zhang Heng , Chen Lixia , Du Shizheng 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundEvidence indicates that medical students have had high rates of mental health problems, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could be affected by alexithymia—a marked dysfunction in emotional awareness, social attachment and interpersonal relationships—and stress. However, psychological resilience might relieve alexithymia and stress levels.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the role of resilience in alexithymia and stress in medical students.MethodsA total of 470 medical students completed online and offline surveys, including the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the College Student Stress Questionnaire (CSSQ). The data of five participants were excluded because of a lack of integrity. Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare group differences in the CD-RISC scores among categorical variables. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the associations between resilience and alexithymia and between resilience and stress. Mediation analysis was used to test the mediating effect of resilience between alexithymia and stress.ResultsOf the medical students considered in the analysis, 382 (81.28%) were female and 88 (18.72%) were male. There was a significant negative correlation between the TAS-20 scores and the total and subtotal CD-RISC scores (p<0.001). The CSSQ scores also significantly negatively correlated with the total and subtotal CD-RISC scores (p<0.001). Resilience mediated the relationship between alexithymia and stress (total effect=1.044 7, p<0.001). The indirect effect of alexithymia significantly impacted stress through resilience (effect=0.167 0, 95% CI: 0.069 to 0.281).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that resilience might effectively reduce alexithymia and stress. They also contributed to a better understanding of the mediating effects of resilience on alexithymia and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence from these results encourages universities to focus on improving students’ resilience.
Study of compact stars in $${\mathcal {R}}+ \alpha {\mathcal {A}}$$ gravity
Authors: Shamir M. Farasat , Meer Eesha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive study of relativistic structures in the context of recently proposed $${\mathcal {R}}+ \alpha {\mathcal {A}}$$

R
+
α
A

gravity, where $${\mathcal {R}}$$
R
is the Ricci scalar, and $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
is the anti-curvature scalar. For this purpose, we examine a new classification of embedded class-I solutions of compact stars. To accomplish this goal, we consider an anisotropic matter distribution for $${\mathcal {R}}+ \alpha {\mathcal {A}}$$

R
+
α
A

gravity model with static spherically symmetric spacetime distribution. Due to highly non-linear nature of field equations, we use the Karmarkar condition to link the $$g_{rr}$$

g

rr

and $$g_{tt}$$

g

tt

components of the metric. Further, we compute the values of constant parameters using the observational data of different compact stars. It is worthy to mention here that we choose a set of twelve important compact stars from the recent literature namely $$4U~1538{-}52$$

4
U

1538
-
52

, $$SAX~J1808.4{-}3658$$

S
A
X

J
1808.4
-
3658

, $$Her~X{-}1$$

H
e
r

X
-
1

, $$LMC~X{-}4$$

L
M
C

X
-
4

, $$SMC~X{-}4$$

S
M
C

X
-
4

, $$4U~1820{-}30$$

4
U

1820
-
30

, $$Cen~X{-}3$$

C
e
n

X
-
3

, $$4U~1608{-}52$$

4
U

1608
-
52

, $$PSR~J1903{+}327$$

P
S
R

J
1903
+
327

, $$PSR~J1614{-}2230$$

P
S
R

J
1614
-
2230

, $$Vela~X{-}1$$

V
e
l
a

X
-
1

, $$EXO~1785{-}248$$

E
X
O

1785
-
248

. To evaluate the feasibility of $${\mathcal {R}}+ \alpha {\mathcal {A}}$$

R
+
α
A

gravity model, we conduct several physical checks, such as evolution of energy density and pressure components, stability and equilibrium conditions, energy bounds, behavior of mass function and adiabatic index. It is concluded that $${\mathcal {R}}+ \alpha {\mathcal {A}}$$

R
+
α
A

gravity supports the existence of compact objects which follow observable patterns.
Photodynamic effect of a galactodendritic porphyrin on the cytoskeletal network of human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Pereira José C. , Pereira Patrícia M. R. , Beirão Sandra , Girão Henrique , Tomé João P. C. , Fernandes Rosa 
Published: January 2023

PorGal8, a porphyrin conjugated with dendritic galactose units, binds to galectin-1 in bladder cancer cells and induces localized cell death after light activation. Although it has been previously shown that photodynamic treatment (PDT) affects the cytoskeleton of cancer cells, it is still unclear how this change contributes to PDT-induced cell death. In this work, the association between changes in the cytoskeletal constituents and cell death triggered by PDT with PorGal8 was investigated in two bladder cancer cell lines derived from transitional cell carcinoma (UM-UC-3 and HT-1376 cells). Photoactivated PorGal8 did not change [Formula: see text]-tubulin protein levels in UM-UC-3 cells but reduced [Formula: see text]-tubulin in HT-1376 cells. A significant decrease in vimentin protein levels was exhibited in both cell lines 24 hours after irradiation. In the initial post-irradiation stage, both cell lines showed changes in actin filaments, but only recovery was apparent in HT-1376 cells 24 hours after treatment. In cells expressing higher levels of galectin-1 (UM-UC-3), PDT did not significantly affect these protein levels. Interestingly, 24 hours after irradiation, there was a robust increase in galectin-1 levels in HT-1376 cells. A small GTPases family protein, RhoA, involved in the galectin-1 expression, was also evaluated, indicating an increase in HT-1376 cells 24 hours after therapy. Overall, our results bring new insights into the relationship between the phototoxic effects of PorGal8 and the disorganization of the cytoskeleton. Clarifying the mechanisms underlying PDT efficiency might contribute to envisaging new potential therapeutic adjuvants for PDT, acting on the cytoskeleton, to treat resistant cancers.
Macroscopic scalar curvature and codimension 2 width
Authors: Alpert Hannah , Balitskiy Alexey , Guth Larry 
Published: January 2023

We show that a complete [Formula: see text]-dimensional Riemannian manifold [Formula: see text] with finitely generated first homology has macroscopic dimension [Formula: see text] if it satisfies the following “macroscopic curvature” assumptions: every ball of radius [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] has volume at most [Formula: see text], and every loop in every ball of radius [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is null-homologous in the concentric ball of radius [Formula: see text].
Pennsylvanian-age plant macrofossil biostratigraphy in tropical Pangaea: uniformitarianism, catastrophes and the ‘Cantabrian’ problem
Authors: Pfefferkorn Hermann W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Upper Carboniferous stages in terrestrial strata are consistently recognizable throughout the Euramerican Realm based on the ranges of plant macrofossils rather than named biozones. Uniformitarianism is an invaluable principle used to understand much of Earth's history. However, it has been recognized that relatively short time intervals exist when major changes occurred in the biota and sedimentation style at a non-uniformitarian time scale. Many well-defined Upper Carboniferous stage boundaries are located at such events. The Cantabrian Stage was proposed in 1969 based on the assumption that the ‘Florensprung’ (‘floral jump’) of Gothan, a dramatic change in terrestrial floras at the traditional Westphalian–Stephanian boundary, indicated that strata were missing, and the postulated ‘gap’ had to be closed by finding strata representing this ‘missing’ time elsewhere. The suggestion of a ‘gap’ or hiatus at this level reflects uniformitarian thinking, but is incorrect. As recent work has shown that a drastic climatic change reached a threshold in the tropical palaeoequatorial parts of Pangaea at the Westphalian–Stephanian (approximately the Moscovian–Kasimovian) boundary as a consequence of a drying trend, floras changed rapidly, and the traditional Westphalian–Stephanian boundary is thus one of the most easily recognizable biostratigraphic boundaries in Pennsylvanian terrestrial beds. The Cantabrian Stage, proposed to fill the non-existent gap, does not exist and cannot be recognized, either in its type area or elsewhere.
Opinion Leaders for Information Diffusion Using Graph Neural Network in Online Social Networks
Authors: Jain Lokesh , Katarya Rahul , Sachdeva Shelly 
Published: January 2023

Various opportunities are available to depict different domains due to the diverse nature of social networks and researchers' insatiable. An opinion leader is a human entity or cluster of people who can redirect human assessment strategy by intellectual skills in a social network. A more comprehensive range of approaches is developed to detect opinion leaders based on network-specific and heuristic parameters. For many years, deep learning–based models have solved various real-world multifaceted, graph-based problems with high accuracy and efficiency. The Graph Neural Network (GNN) is a deep learning–based model that modernized neural networks’ efficiency by analyzing and extracting latent dependencies and confined embedding via messaging and neighborhood aggregation of data in the network. In this article, we have proposed an exclusive GNN for Opinion Leader Identification (GOLI) model utilizing the power of GNNs to categorize the opinion leaders and their impact on online social networks. In this model, we first measure the n-node neighbor's reputation of the node based on materialized trust. Next, we perform centrality conciliation instead of the input data's conventional node-embedding mechanism. We experiment with the proposed model on six different online social networks consisting of billions of users’ data to validate the model's authenticity. Finally, after training, we found the top-N opinion leaders for each dataset and analyzed how the opinion leaders are influential in information diffusion. The training-testing accuracy and error rate are also measured and compared with the other state-of-art standard Social Network Analysis (SNA) measures. We determined that the GNN-based model produced high performance concerning accuracy and precision.
BAP1 Loss Is Associated with Higher ASS1 Expression in Epithelioid Mesothelioma: Implications for Therapeutic Stratification
Authors: Barnett Sarah E. , Kenyani Jenna , Tripari Martina , Butt Zohra , Grosman Rudi , Querques Francesca , Shaw Liam , Silva Luisa C. , Goate Zoe , Marciniak Stefan J. , Rassl Doris M. , Jackson Richard , Lian Lu-Yun , Szlosarek Peter W. , Sacco Joseph J. , Coulson Judy M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The nuclear deubiquitylase BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is frequently inactivated in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and germline BAP1 mutation predisposes to cancers including MPM. To explore the influence on cell physiology and drug sensitivity, we sequentially edited a predisposition mutation (w-) and a promoter trap (KO) into human mesothelial cells. BAP1w-/KO MeT5A cells express less BAP1 protein and phenocopy key aspects of BAP1 loss in MPM. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture–mass spectrometry revealed evidence of metabolic adaptation, with concomitant alteration of cellular metabolites. In MeT5A, BAP1 deficiency reduces glycolytic enzyme levels but increases enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaplerotic pathways. Notably both argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), essential for cellular synthesis of arginine, and its substrate aspartate, are elevated in BAP1w-/KO MeT5A cells. Likewise, ASS1 expression is higher in BAP1-altered MPM cell lines, and inversely correlates with BAP1 in The Cancer Genome Atlas MESO dataset. Elevated ASS1 is also evident by IHC staining in epithelioid MPM lacking nuclear BAP1 expression, with improved survival among patients with BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing tumors. Alterations in arginine metabolism may sensitize cells to metabolic drugs and we find that BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing MPM cell lines are more sensitive to ASS1 inhibition, although not to inhibition of purine synthesis by mizoribine. Importantly, BAP1w-/KO MeT5A become desensitized to arginine deprivation by pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), phenocopying BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing MPM cell lines.

Implications:
Our data reveal an interrelationship between BAP1 and arginine metabolism, providing a potential means of identifying patients with epithelioid MPM likely to benefit from ADI-PEG20.
Mutant NPM1 Directly Regulates Oncogenic Transcription in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Uckelmann Hannah J. , Haarer Elena L. , Takeda Reina , Wong Eric M. , Hatton Charlie , Marinaccio Christian , Perner Florian , Rajput Masooma , Antonissen Noa J.C. , Wen Yanhe , Yang Lu , Brunetti Lorenzo , Chen Chun-Wei , Armstrong Scott A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe dysregulation of developmental and stem cell–associated genes is a common phenomenon during cancer development. Around half of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) express high levels of HOXA cluster genes and MEIS1. Most of these AML cases harbor an NPM1 mutation (NPM1c), which encodes for an oncoprotein mislocalized from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm. How NPM1c expression in hematopoietic cells leads to its characteristic gene-expression pattern remains unclear. Here, we show that NPM1c directly binds to specific chromatin targets, which are co-occupied by the histone methyltransferase KMT2A (MLL1). Targeted degradation of NPM1c leads to a rapid decrease in gene expression and loss of RNA polymerase II, as well as activating histone modifications at its targets. We demonstrate that NPM1c directly regulates oncogenic gene expression in collaboration with the MLL1 complex and define the mechanism by which MLL1–Menin small-molecule inhibitors produce clinical responses in patients with NPM1-mutated AML.Significance:We uncovered an important functional role of mutant NPM1 as a crucial direct driver of oncogenic gene expression in AML. NPM1c can bind to chromatin and cooperate with the MLL complex, providing the first functional insight into the mechanism of Menin–MLL inhibition in NPM1c leukemias.See related article by Wang et al., p. 724.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517