bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-fungible tokens: a bubble or the end of an era of intellectual property rights
Authors: Kraizberg Elli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe viability of exponentially growing non-fungible token (NFT) market is evaluated by identifying potential value-generating mechanisms that can be rationalized. After identifying the value-generating mechanisms underlying the positive values of NFTs, this study establishes a pricing model for NFTs that follows a continuous-time financial framework. As NFTs are claimed to securitize “ownership rights short of use”, and as such they may potentially serve as a substitute for the need to rely replace the reliance on the legal protection provided by intellectual property rights (IPRs). Considering this issue, this study evaluates the likelihood that NFTs will replace existing mechanisms that protect producers’ rightful claim to use their assets or the need to apply the legal code that governs IPRs. The financial condition for this potential shift is derived for a category of assets whose use or consumption does not reduce supply as the notion of scarcity does not apply.
Gazing through the bubble: an experimental investigation into financial risk-taking using eye-tracking
Authors: Toma Filip-Mihai , Cepoi Cosmin-Octavian , Kubinschi Matei Nicolae , Miyakoshi Makoto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEye tracking can facilitate understanding irrational decision-making in contexts such as financial risk-taking. For this purpose, we develop an experimental framework in which participants trade a risky asset in a simulated bubble market to maximize individual returns while their eye movements are recorded. Returns are sensitive to eye movement dynamics, depending on the presented visual stimuli. Using eye-tracking data, we investigated the effects of arousal, attention, and disengagement on individual payoffs using linear and nonlinear approaches. By estimating a nonlinear model using attention as a threshold variable, our results suggest that arousal positively influences trading returns, but its effect becomes smaller when attention exceeds a certain threshold, whereas disengagement has a higher negative impact on reduced attention levels and becomes almost irrelevant when attention increases. Hence, we provide a neurobehavioral metric as a function of attention that predicts financial gains in boom-and-bust scenarios. This study serves as a proof-of-concept for developing future psychometric measures to enhance decision-making.
Farm Crisis/Identity Crisis: Letters from 1980s Iowa
Authors: Riney-Kehrberg Pamela 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Farm Crisis of the 1980s was not just an economic crisis, but an identity crisis for the two-thirds of Iowa farm families that risked losing their livelihoods. Confronted with a situation that was well outside of their control, they sent thousands of letters to government officials, asking for, and sometimes demanding, answers. Many of those letters expressed puzzlement, anger, and disappointment as writers tried to explain how the hopes and dreams of a lifetime had slipped through their grasp. They expressed deep frustration with politicians, consumers, and even other farmers who did not understand or sympathize with the stresses imposed by markets, environmental forces, and government policy that first encouraged borrowing and expansion, and then punished those who had followed that advice. Although the Reagan administration eventually responded, it was not before a significant number of farmers had left, or been removed from, their land.
The Unraveling of Agrarian America: A Retrospective on the 1980s
Authors: Lasley Paul , Ostendorf David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The coauthors recount their observations and experiences in addressing the Farm Crisis throughout the 1980s. Their experiences highlight the challenges of rapid socioeconomic changes, the growing concentration of economic power, and the restructuring of the farm economy as Iowa grappled with the Farm Crisis that engulfed farmers and soon engulfed the entire state. Through the lenses of a community organizer and an academic rural sociologist, the authors provide insights into the myriad contradictions and opposing forces that contributed to the difficult and prolonged financial crisis that accelerated the trends of further consolidation and industrialization of farming and the food system. Much like the Great Depression of the 1930s, the landscape of rural Iowa bears the scars of the 1980s Farm Crisis that has forever changed the economy and culture of rural, farm-dependent communities.
The 1980s Farm Crisis: A Boots-on-the-Ground Retrospective
Authors: Tevis Cheryl 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In 1979 the author of this article was hired to write for Successful Farming, a national magazine founded in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1902. This led to a privileged, front-row-seat perspective on the lead-up to the 1980s Farm Crisis, the depth of the financial turmoil, and its devastating aftermath on rural America. This article highlights the trajectory of the 1980s Farm Crisis, and reveals how her coverage documented the impact on farmers, as well as the efforts of support groups, farm organizations, and the US government to stabilize farms and farmers, and to keep families on their land. The financial repercussions are noted, but the focus is the emotional toll of the crisis, including stress, depression, suicide, divorce, dysfunctional family relationships, rural social problems, and how the Farm Crisis frayed the fabric of rural communities.
Epilepsy Surgery in Young Children With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Novel Hybrid Multimodal Surgical Approach
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Karas Patrick J. , Lazaro Tyler T. , Coorg Rohini , Awad Al-Wala , Patino Ilana , McClernon Emily E. , Clarke Dave , Cairampoma Whitehead Laura , Anderson Anne , Diaz-Medina Gloria , Houck Kimberly , Katyayan Akshat , Masters Laura , Nath Audrey , Quach Michael , Riviello James , Seto Elaine S. , Sully Krystal , Agurs Latanya , Sen Sonali , Handoko Maureen , LoPresti Melissa , Ali Irfan , Curry Daniel J. , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Surgery has become integral in treating children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)–related drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).

OBJECTIVE:
To describe outcomes of a multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic approach comprising invasive intracranial monitoring and surgical treatment and compare the complementary techniques of open resection and magnetic resonance–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy.

METHODS:
Clinical and radiographic data were prospectively collected for pediatric patients undergoing surgical evaluation for TSC-related DRE at our tertiary academic hospital. Seizure freedom, developmental improvement, and Engel class were compared.

RESULTS:
Thirty-eight patients (20 females) underwent treatment in January 2016 to April 2019. Thirty-five underwent phase II invasive monitoring with intracranial electrodes: 24 stereoencephalography, 9 craniotomy for grid/electrode placement, and 2 grids + stereoencephalography. With the multimodal approach, 33/38 patients (87%) achieved >50% seizure freedom of the targeted seizure type after initial treatment; 6/9 requiring secondary treatment and 2/2 requiring a third treatment achieved >50% freedom. The median Engel class was II at last follow-up (1.65 years), and 55% of patients were Engel class I/II. The mean age was lower for children undergoing open resection (2.4 vs 4.9 years, P = .04). Rates of >50% reduction in seizures (86% open resection vs 88% laser interstitial thermal therapy) and developmental improvement (86% open resection vs 83% magnetic resonance–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy) were similar.

CONCLUSION:
This hybrid approach of using both open surgical and minimally invasive techniques is safe and effective in treating DRE secondary to TSC. Clinical trials focused on treatment method with longer follow-up are needed to determine the optimal candidates for each approach and compare the treatment modalities more effectively.
A Novel Sublabial Anterior Transmaxillary Approach for Medically Refractory Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Comparative Anatomic Study
Authors: Gardner Paul A. , McDowell Michael M. , Orhorhoro Omuvwie , Snyderman Carl H. , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Current approaches for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy may result in suboptimal seizure control and cognitive decline. An incomplete treatment of the epileptogenic zone and unnecessary violation of functional cortical and subcortical areas may contribute to suboptimal results.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe and test the anatomic feasibility of a novel endoscopic anterior transmaxillary (ATM) approach to the temporal lobe and to compare the described technique to other transfacial approaches.

METHODS:
Twenty-four cadaveric brain hemispheres fixed in formalin were used to study anterior temporal surface anatomy. Two additional hemispheres were fixed in formalin and then frozen for white matter dissections. Subsequently, bilateral dissections on 4 injected cadaveric heads were used to describe the endoscopic ATM approach and to evaluate various anterior endoscopic corridors for the temporal pole and mesial temporal lobe structures.

RESULTS:
The ATM approach was considered superior because of direct visualization of the temporal pole and natural alignment with the mesial temporal structures. The mean exposure corridor covered 49.1° in the sagittal plane and 66.2° in the axial plane. The ATM allowed direct access lateral to the maxillary and mandibular nerves with an anterior-posterior trajectory aligned to the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus formation, allowing for a selective amygdalohippocampectomy with preservation of the trigeminal branches and the lateral temporal neocortex.

CONCLUSION:
The ATM approach is anatomically feasible, providing a direct and selective approach for the temporal pole and mesial temporal lobe structures, with a substantial angle of visualization because of its direct alignment with the mesial temporal lobe structures.
Incisional Wound Vacuum—Evaluation of Wound Outcomes in Comparison With Standard Dressings for Posterior Spinal Fusions in Traumatic Patients
Authors: Mehkri Yusuf , Hernandez Jairo , Panther Eric , Gendreau Julian , Pafford Ryan , Rao Dinesh , Fiester Peter , Rahmathulla Gazanfar 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative incisional negative pressure wound vacuum–assisted closure (VAC) dressings are being used as a primary dressing to optimize wound healing and help avoid complications of infection and dehiscence. Few studies have investigated whether application of VAC dressings on postoperative posterior spinal wounds can reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe our single-surgeon experience of using primary VAC after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in a large sample of trauma patients.

METHODS:
This was an Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective comparative study and included all trauma patients presenting to our level 1 safety-net trauma center who required PSF and were operated on by the senior surgeon between 2016 and 2021. Primary outcomes were complications (surgical site infection, readmission for infection, and wound-related return to operating room [OR]) within 90 days after surgery. χ2 testing and Student t testing were used to assess differences between treatment groups while bivariate and multivariate regression was performed for outcome assessment.

RESULTS:
Two hundred sixty-four patients met criteria and were included. One hundred fifty-seven (59%) were treated with standard dressing and 107 (41%) with VAC. Patients treated with VAC were more likely to be older (P = .015), have diabetes (P = .041), have an elevated body mass index (P = .020), and had more levels of fusion (P = .002). Despite this, presence of VAC was independently associated with decreased 90-day infection (hazard ratio = 0.397, P = .023) and decreased 90-day return to OR for wound-related reasons (hazard ratio = 0.099, P = .031).

CONCLUSION:
Compared with the use of standard dressing, VAC was found to decrease surgical site infection and return to OR risk in trauma patients undergoing PSF.
Microvascular Decompression for Concurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia and Hemi-Laryngopharyngeal Spasm: A Case Report
Authors: Katayama Michiru , Noro Shusaku , Asayama Bunsho , Amano Yuki , Okuma Masahiro , Honjo Kaori , Seo Yoshinobu , Nakamura Hirohiko 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm (HeLPS) may result from vascular compression of the vagus nerve and can be treated using microvascular decompression. We describe the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment in a case of concurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and HeLPS.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 44-year-old man presented with a 12-month history of right TN and 8-month history of intermittent episodes of repeated throat contractions associated with a very distressing choking sensation. Preoperative 3-dimensional fusion imaging demonstrated compression of the trigeminal nerve by the superior cerebellar artery and petrosal vein and compression of the vagus nerve by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and one of its branches. Microvascular decompression was performed by a right standard retrosigmoid approach with enlarged craniotomy. Initially, the compression of the trigeminal nerve was identified by visual inspection. All the offending vessels were wrapped in Teflon felt, transposed away from the trigeminal nerve, and adhered to the tentorial membrane and petrous bone using fibrin glue. Furthermore, observation of the caudal rootlets of the vagus nerve revealed that the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and its branch compressed the ventral side of the nerve. These vessels were displaced antero-caudally with Teflon felt and fibrin glue; no other vessels were found around the trigeminal and vagus nerves. Postoperatively, the patient had immediate and complete resolution of symptoms of TN and HeLPS without recurrence at the 18-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
HeLPS may occur with TN, and neurosurgeons should identify the symptoms suspicious of this disease preoperatively.
A Novel Bypass Technique to Prevent Vexing Spinal Cord Ischemia in Endovascular Thoracoabdominal Aortic Intervention
Authors: Atai Nadia A. , Abedi Aidin , Carey Joseph , Han Sukgu M. , Russin Jonathan J. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Spinal cord ischemia remains a devastating complication when treating patients with complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms using fenestrated endovascular aortic repair. This approach is progressively deployed. However, to date, no strategy has been identified to reduce the feared risk of spinal cord ischemia.

OBJECTIVE:
To introduce a novel bypass technique using a customized composite graft to create a direct extra-anatomic revascularization before fenestrated endovascular aortic repair in patients with high-risk of spinal cord ischemia.

METHODS:
To demonstrate this novel concept, we present here a clinical case that reports the strategy of this novel concept in detail. An 83-year-old man with medical history of endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm and thoracic aorta presented with a type IA endoleak, located along the posterior superior aspect of the aortic stent graft adjacent to the lumbar arteries. A multidisciplinary plan was developed, which included a novel bypass from the profunda femoris to the left L1 radicular artery before fenestrated endovascular aortic repair to prevent spinal cord ischemia.

RESULTS:
The patient successfully receives the novel extra-anatomic revascularization bypass before fenestrated endovascular aortic repair. During the first implementation of this strategy, no intraoperative difficulties and postoperative complications were observed.

CONCLUSION:
This case demonstrates a novel surgical technique before fenestrated endovascular aortic repair for prevention of spinal cord ischemia. In addition, this concept provides a promising direction to not only complement the existing surgical techniques but also to generate more future innovations.
Supercritical Hydrothermal Reactions for Material Synthesis
Authors: Adschiri Tadafumi , Takami Seiichi , Umetsu Mitsuo , Ohara Satoshi , Naka Takashi , Minami Kimitaka , Hojo Daisuke , Togashi Takanari , Arita Toshihiko , Taguchi Minori , Itoh Masahiro , Aoki Nobuaki , Seong Gimyeong , Tomai Takaaki , Yoko Akira 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Since the early 1990s, Adschiri and his colleagues have performed research on the use of supercritical water in diverse applications, including heavy oil reforming, waste polymer decomposition and chemical raw materials recovery, cellulose hydrolysis and sugar recovery, lignin decomposition and chemical raw materials recovery, and nanoparticle synthesis. Regarding inorganic materials synthesis, they invented supercritical hydrothermal synthesis for the continuous flow synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, which has already found worldwide industrial applications. They proposed a two-fluid mixing flow system where an aqueous metal salt solution is mixed with supercritical water to heat the solution to the supercritical state within a very short time, that is not attainable by conventional reactor systems. Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles synthesis was demonstrated in the supercritical state, realizing homogeneous phase formation of organic molecules at high loadings. By optimizing the reaction conditions, small facet-controlled nanoparticles with narrow particle size distribution can be obtained. Organic modification of nanoparticles is shown to be effective for fabricating highly concentrated nanohybrid polymers or nano inks. Furthermore, these synthesized facet-controlled nanoparticles show high catalytic activities. Indeed, it is demonstrated that steam reforming of heavy oils or biomass wastes (black liquor) can occur in water even at low temperatures.
Emerging implications of exosomes as mediators of cellular communication in potentially malignant oral lesions and head and neck cancers
Authors: Solomon Monica Charlotte , Chandrashekar Chetana , Kulkarni Spoorti , Shetty Nisha , Pandey Aditi 
Published: January 2023

Exosomes are a unique type of extracellular vesicles that contain a plethora of biological cargo such as miRNA, mRNA, long non-coding RNA, DNA, proteins and lipids. Exosomes serve as very effective means of intercellular communication. Due the presence of a lipid bilayer membrane, exosomes are resistant to degradation and are highly stable. This makes them easily identifiable in blood and other bodily fluids such as saliva. The exosomes that are secreted from a parent cell directly release their contents into the cytoplasm of a recipient cell and influence their cellular activity and function. Exosomes can also transfer their content between cancer cells and normal cells and regulate the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes play a vital role in tumor growth, tumor invasion and metastasis. Exosomes provide a multitude of molecular and genetic information and have become valuable indicators of disease activity at the cellular level. This review explores the molecular characteristics of exosomes and the role that exosomes play in the tumorigenesis pathway of potentially malignant oral lesions and head and neck cancers The application of exosomes in the treatment of oral cancers is also envisioned. Exosomes are very small and can easily pass through various biological barriers, making them very good delivery vectors for therapeutic drugs as well as to selectively induce DNA’s mRNA and miRNAs into targeted cancer cells.
Using literature-based discovery to develop hypotheses for the moderating effect of massively multiplayer online games
Authors: Sinha Choudhury Ananya , Hui Wendy , Lau John 
Published: January 2023

Background: Empirical studies have shown that the relationship between psychological flow state and game addiction tends to be weaker in massively multiplayer online (MMO) games compared with non-MMO games. However, a theoretical explanation for the moderating effect of MMO games is lacking in the literature. This paper uses interview data and a method for generating hypotheses, literature-based discovery (LBD), to identify potential moderating factors and develop theories about this relationship. Methods: The proposed method involved text mining 2,829 abstracts to generate a keyword list of potential underlying moderating factors. Interview data from three domain experts confirmed the usefulness of LBD. Instead of arriving at game addiction primarily through flow, the interview data revealed that different cognitive pathways may lead to game addiction in MMO games. Results: Specifically, the identified keywords led to three explanations for the observed moderating effect: (1) social interaction in MMOGs may prevent the progression from flow to game addiction or induce positive peer influence; (2) game performance typically measured using a score- or point-based system in non-MMO games offers an extrinsic motivation that is more in line with flow theory; and (3) intrinsic motivation and escapism may be more important drivers of MMO game addiction. This paper summarizes the domain experts’ views on the usefulness of LBD in theory development. Conclusions: This paper uses literature-based discovery (LBD) to demonstrate how the pathways to game addiction in MMO games differ from non-MMO games. LBD is a method for generating hypotheses seldom used in the social science literature.
The refusal of COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors: a systematic review
Authors: Tamara Fredo , Fajar Jonny K. , Soegiarto Gatot , Wulandari Laksmi , Kusuma Andy P. , Pasaribu Erwin A. , Putra Reza P. , Rizky Muhammad , Anshor Tajul , Novariza Maya , Wijaya Surya , Prasetyo Guruh , Pradita Adelia , Aini Qurrata , Mete Mario V.P.H. , Yusni Rahmat , Putri Yama S. , Chakraborty Chiranjib , Dhama Kuldeep , Harapan Harapan 
Published: January 2023

Background: To date, more than 10% of the global population is unvaccinated against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the reasons why this population is not vaccinated are not well identified. Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine refusal and to assess the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted during August to November 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022384562). We searched articles investigating the refusal of COVID-19 vaccination and its potential associated factors in PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Sciences. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and the data were collected using a pilot form. The cumulative prevalence of the refusal to vaccinate against COVID-19 was identified using a single-arm meta-analysis. The factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusals were determined using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results: A total of 24 articles were included in the analysis. Our findings showed that the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine refusal was 12%, and the highest prevalence was in the general population, and the lowest prevalence was in the healthcare worker subgroup. Furthermore, individuals with a high socioeconomic status, history of previous vaccination, and medical background had a lower rate of COVID-19 vaccination refusal. Subsequently, the following factors were associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 vaccine refusal: being female, educational attainment lower than an undergraduate degree, and living in a rural area. Conclusion: Our study identified the prevalence of and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal. This study may serve as an initial reference to achieve global coverage of COVID-19 vaccination by influencing the population of COVID-19 vaccine refusal.