bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional metagenomic and metabolomics analysis of gut dysbiosis induced by hyperoxia
Authors: Cai Yulan , Luo Yanhong , Dai Ninan , Yang Yan , He Ying , Chen Huajun , Zhao Manlu , Fu Xiaoyun , Chen Tao , Xing Zhouxiong 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundInhaled oxygen is the first-line therapeutic approach for maintaining tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients, but usually exposes patients to damaging hyperoxia. Hyperoxia adversely increases the oxygen tension in the gut lumen which harbors the trillions of microorganisms playing an important role in host metabolism and immunity. Nevertheless, the effects of hyperoxia on gut microbiome and metabolome remain unclear, and metagenomic and metabolomics analysis were performed in this mouse study.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control (CON) group exposed to room air with fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 21% and a hyperoxia (OXY) group exposed to FiO2 of 80% for 7 days, respectively. Fecal pellets were collected on day 7 and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Another experiment with the same design was performed to explore the impact of hyperoxia on gut and serum metabolome. Fecal pellets and blood were collected and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric analysis was carried out.ResultsAt the phylum level, hyperoxia increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (p = 0.049). At the species level, hyperoxia reduced the abundance of Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-037 (p = 0.007), Isolate-114 (p = 0.010), and Isolate-043 (p = 0.011) etc. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed that Muribaculaceae and Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-037, both belonging to Bacteroidetes, were the marker microbes of the CON group, while Firmicutes was the marker microbes of the OXY group. Metagenomic analysis using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZy) revealed that hyperoxia provoked disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Fecal metabolomics analysis showed hyperoxia reduced 11-dehydro Thromboxane B2-d4 biosynthesis (p = 1.10 × 10−11). Hyperoxia blunted fecal linoleic acid metabolism (p = 0.008) and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism (p = 0.014). We showed that 1-docosanoyl-glycer-3-phosphate (p = 1.58 × 10−10) was the most significant differential serum metabolite inhibited by hyperoxia. In addition, hyperoxia suppressed serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1, p = 0.007) and glucagon signaling pathways (p = 0.007).ConclusionHyperoxia leads to gut dysbiosis by eliminating beneficial and oxygen strictly intolerant Muribaculaceae with genomic dysfunction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In addition, hyperoxia suppresses unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the gut and inhibits the HIF-1 and glucagon signaling pathways in the serum.
Fecal microbiota transplantation from HUC-MSC-treated mice alleviates acute lung injury in mice through anti-inflammation and gut microbiota modulation
Authors: Hua Feng , Cui Enhai , Lv Lu , Wang Bin , Li Liqin , Lu Huadong , Chen Na , Chen Wenyan 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionAcute lung injury (ALI) is a severe respiratory tract disorder facilitated by dysregulated inflammation, oxidative stress and intestinal ecosystem. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a rapid method for gut microbiota (GM) reconstruction. Furthermore, our previous studies have confirmed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUC-MSCs) can alleviate ALI by improving GM composition. Therefore, we aimed to explore the efficacy and mechanism of FMT from HUC-MSCs-treated mice on ALI.MethodsIn brief, fresh feces from HUC-MSCs-treated mice were collected for FMT, and the mice were randomly assigned into NC, FMT, LPS, ABX-LPS, and ABX-LPS-FMT groups (n = 12/group). Subsequently, the mice were administrated with antibiotic mixtures to deplete GM, and given lipopolysaccharide and FMT to induce ALI and rebuild GM. Next, the therapeutic effect was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathology. Immune cells in peripheral blood and apoptosis in lung tissues were measured. Furthermore, oxidative stress- and inflammation-related parameter levels were tested in BALF, serum, lung and ileal tissues. The expressions of apoptosis-associated, TLR4/NF-κB pathway-associated, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway related and tightly linked proteins in the lung and ileal tissues were assessed. Moreover, 16S rRNA was conducted to assess GM composition and distribution.ResultsOur results revealed that FMT obviously improved the pathological damage of lung and ileum, recovered the immune system of peripheral blood, decreased the cell apoptosis of lung, and inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress in BALF, serum, lung and ileum tissues. Moreover, FMT also elevated ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin protein expressions, activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway but hindering the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Of note, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Christensenella, Coprococcus, and Roseburia were decreased, while the relative abundances of Xenorhabdus, Sutterella, and Acinetobacter were increased in the ABX-LPS-FMT group.ConclusionFMT from HUC-MSCs-treated mice may alleviate ALI by inhibiting inflammation and reconstructing GM, additionally, we also found that the TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways may involve in the improvement of FMT on ALI, which offers novel insights for the functions and mechanisms of FMT from HUC-MSCs-treated mice on ALI.
Machine learning-based prediction of post-stroke cognitive status using electroencephalography-derived brain network attributes
Authors: Lee Minwoo , Hong Yuseong , An Sungsik , Park Ukeob , Shin Jaekang , Lee Jeongjae , Oh Mi Sun , Lee Byung-Chul , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lim Jae-Sung , Kang Seung Wan 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesMore than half of patients with acute ischemic stroke develop post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), a significant barrier to future neurological recovery. Thus, predicting cognitive trajectories post-AIS is crucial. Our primary objective is to determine whether brain network properties from electroencephalography (EEG) can predict post-stroke cognitive function using machine learning approach.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive stroke patients who underwent both EEG during the acute stroke phase and cognitive assessments 3 months post-stroke. We preprocessed acute stroke EEG data to eliminate low-quality epochs, then performed independent component analysis and quantified network characteristics using iSyncBrain®. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). We initially categorized participants based on the lateralization of their lesions and then developed machine learning models to predict cognitive status in the left and right hemisphere lesion groups.ResultsEighty-seven patients were included, and the accuracy of lesion laterality prediction using EEG attributes was 97.0%. In the left hemispheric lesion group, the network attributes of the theta band were significantly correlated with MoCA scores, and higher global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and lower characteristic path length were associated with higher MoCA scores. Most features related to cognitive scores were selected from the frontal lobe. The predictive powers (R-squared) were 0.76 and 0.65 for the left and right stroke groups, respectively.ConclusionEstimating EEG-based network properties in the acute phase of ischemic stroke through a machine learning model has a potential to predict cognitive outcomes after ischemic stroke.
Impact of implementing a vancomycin protocol to reduce kidney toxicity: A comparative study
Authors: Baiocco Graziella Gasparotto , Greiner Stephanie , Rosa Mário Borges , Flores Cecília Dias , Barros Helena M. T. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Vancomycin is a frequently used antibiotic for treating severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant, Gram-positive pathogens. To ensure its effectiveness and minimize the risk of nephrotoxicity, safe administration and dose monitoring are crucial. Understanding the impact of vancomycin serum levels on clinical outcomes is of paramount importance, necessitating improved knowledge on its use, dose monitoring, nephrotoxicity, and safe administration.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving vancomycin before and after the implementation of an institutional protocol for vancomycin administration in a public tertiary hospital in southern Brazil.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, analyzing data from the electronic medical records of 422 patients who received vancomycin. The patient population was divided into two independent cohorts: those treated in 2016 (pre-protocol) and those treated in 2018 (post-protocol), following the implementation of the institutional vancomycin administration protocol.Results: The study included 211 patients in each year of assessment. Patients from both cohorts had a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of 4. The post-protocol cohort consisted of older individuals, with a mean age of 62.8 years. In addition, patients in the post-protocol year had higher baseline creatinine levels, higher rates of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, and increased use of vasopressors. In the pre-protocol year, patients received vancomycin therapy for a longer duration. When comparing the incidence of AKI between the two groups, an intervention study revealed rates of 38.4% in group 1 and 20.9% in group 2, indicating a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.001) in the post-protocol group. A logistic regression model was developed to predict AKI, incorporating variables that demonstrated significance (p ≤ 0.250) in bivariate analysis and those recognized in the literature as important factors for AKI, such as the duration of therapy, vancomycin serum level, and ICU hospitalization. The logistic regression classification performance was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, yielding an area under the curve of 0.764, signifying acceptable discrimination of the regression model.Conclusion: Implementation of the institutional protocol for vancomycin administration resulted in a significant and cost-effective impact, ensuring appropriate therapeutic dosing, reducing adverse events (e.g., nephrotoxicity), and improving clinical outcomes for patients in the study population.
Enhanced Graphene Based Electronically Tunable Phase Shifter
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Peinetti Fabio , Savi Patrizia 
Published: September 2023

In this work, an enhanced tunable microwave phase shifter is presented. The phase shifter consists of three short circuited stubs and a tapered line. The stubs are connected to graphene pads. Graphene’s tunable conductivity is varied by a DC voltage. This in turn causes a reactance variation at the input of the tapered line, which causes a phase variation. The physical parameters of the stubs are optimized for a maximum reactance variation by the help of analytical models, circuit and full wave simulations. Measurements of an optimized prototype are performed and a dynamic phase variation of 59∘ is obtained with an amplitude variation of less than 1 dB.
Políticas públicas curriculares para a formação de professores que ensinam matemática
Authors: Lopes Celi Espasandin , Bertini Luciane de Fatima , Borelli Suzete Souza 
Published: September 2023

Este artigo decorre das discussões realizadas o VIII Fórum Paulista de Formação de Professores que Ensinam Matemática, realizado em São Paulo em 31 março e 01 de abril de 2023, no Grupo de Discussão denominado Políticas Públicas Curriculares para a Formação de Professores que Ensinam Matemática. Este grupo teve por objetivo promover reflexões sobre as políticas públicas curriculares para os cursos de Licenciatura em Pedagogia; Licenciatura em Matemática e processos de formação continuada para professores que ensinam matemática na Educação Básica. As discussões contemplarão a estrutura e organização desses cursos a partir das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação de Professores, examinando a carga horária de Matemática e/ou Educação Matemática, os estágios curriculares, o trabalho de conclusão de curso e, a diversidade de ações de formação continuada que tem ocorrido no contexto do estado de São Paulo.
Regulatory role of phospholipase A2 inhibitor in oxidative stress and inflammation induced by an experimental mouse migraine model
Authors: YAZĞAN Betül , YAZĞAN Yener 
Published: September 2023

Migraine is a complex neurological problem whose primary symptom is headache and is common in the human population. It is well known that neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of migraine, with adverse effects on the nervous system, including headache disorders such as migraine. The infusion of the nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is often used in experimental models of migraine because it is the best-known model of migraine provocation. N-(p-amyl cinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA) has been shown to inhibit both TRPM2 and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Recent research has explored potential interventions to mitigate GTN-induced neurotoxicity. One such candidate is ACA, a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Thirty-six C57BL/6j black mice were divided into the control groups of ACA, GTN, and ACA+GTN. Mice in the ACA were treated intraperitoneally with ACA (25 mg/kg) for three days. Mice in the GTN were treated intraperitoneally with a single dose of GTN (10 mg/kg) for migraine induction. After the experimental stages were completed, the mice in all groups were sacrificed, and brain tissue and erythrocyte samples were taken from the mice.
The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF α, IL 1β, and IL 6), apoptosis, intracellular ROS, lipid peroxidation, caspase 3-9, and mitochondrial membrane potential increased in the GTN group. However, their levels were decreased in the ACA+GTN group by the injection of ACA. The treatment of ACA regulated the GTN treatment-induced decreases of glutathione levels, glutathione peroxidase activation, and cell viability in the brain and erythrocytes.
In conclusion, GTN plays a role in neurotoxicity caused by increased apoptosis and ROS. We observed that ACA modulated the brain and erythrocyte oxidant, antioxidant parameters, and apoptotic processes. The neuro-protective role of ACA treatment may be explained by its modulating activity against increased apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Delayed memory for complex visual stimuli does not benefit from distraction during encoding
Authors: Bartsch Lea M. , Musfeld Philipp 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe covert retrieval model (McCabe, Journal of Memory and Language 58(2), 480–494, 2008) postulates that delayed memory performance is enhanced when the encoding of memoranda in working memory (WM) is interrupted by distraction. When subjects are asked to remember stimuli for an immediate memory test, they usually remember them better when the items are presented without distraction, compared to a condition in which a distraction occurs following each item. In a delayed memory test, this effect has been shown to be reversed: Memory performance is better for items followed by distraction than without. Yet, this so-called McCabe effect has not been consistently replicated in the past. In an extensive replication attempt of a previous study showing the effect for complex visual stimuli, we investigated five potential boundary conditions of the predictions of the covert retrieval model: (1) Type of Stimuli (doors vs. faces), (2) type of distractor (pictures vs. math equations), (3) expectation about task difficulty (mixed vs. blocked lists), (4) memory load in WM (small vs. large), and (5) expectation about the long-term memory (LTM) test (intentional vs. incidental encoding). Across four experiments we failed to replicate the original findings and show that delayed memory for faces and other complex visual stimuli does not benefit from covert retrieval during encoding – as suggested as being induced by distractors. Our results indicate that the transfer of information from WM to LTM does not seem to be influenced by covert retrieval processes, but rather that a fixed proportion of information is laid down as a more permanent trace.
Investigation and Evaluation of High-Temperature Encapsulation Materials for Power Module Applications
Authors: Lyon Benjamin , DiMarino Christina 
Published: September 2023

With the advent of ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor materials, such as gallium oxide (Ga2O3) and aluminum nitride (AlN), higher temperature and higher voltage operation of power devices are becoming realizable. However, conventional polymeric and organic encapsulant materials are typically limited to operating temperatures of 200 degrees C and below. In this work, six materials were identified and evaluated as candidates for use as encapsulants for operation and high-voltage insulation at and above 250 degrees C. High-temperature silicone gel was used as a reference material and was compared with five novel encapsulants including an epoxy resin, a hydro-set cement, two low-melting point glass compounds, and a ceramic potting compound. Gas pycnometry was utilized to evaluate the voiding concentration to avoid partial discharge. Each material was then processed onto a direct-bonded-aluminum substrate test coupon to evaluate compatibility with a commonly used metal-ceramic substrate and processability for use in a power module. The insulation capability of each material was evaluated by testing the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) across a 1-mm gap etched in the substrate. The dielectric stability was then tested by soaking the materials in air at 250 degrees C for various intervals and observing the degradation of their PDIVs and appearances. The results of each test were compared, and conclusions were drawn about each material’s feasibility for use as a dielectric encapsulation material for a power module operating at temperatures exceeding 200 degrees C.
TINJAUAN MAQASID SYAR’IYYAH PRESPEKTIF IBNU TAIMIYYAH TERHADAP FATWA MAJLIS ULAMA NO. 02/MUNAS-VIII/MUI/2020 TENTANG NIKAH WISATA
Authors: Bahmid Abdullah Abdurrahman , Husaini Akhmad 
Published: September 2023

Pernikahan adalah institusi sosial yang penting di hampir semua budaya dan agama di seluruh dunia. Pernikahan diartikan sebagai ikatan antara dua orang yang sah secara hukum dan agama untuk hidup bersama dalam suatu hubungan yang diakui oleh masyarakat. Pernikahan memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk keluarga dan kestabilan sosial, serta sebagai media untuk memenuhi kebutuhan emosional, spiritual, dan fisik dari pasangan yang menikah. Mengenai perkawinan di Indonesia, masih ditemukan praktik pernikahan yang tidak selaras dengan tujuan asal dari sebuah pernikahan. Yang kerap mereka sebut dengan nikah wisata (misyar). Hal ini yang melatarbelakangi untuk menganalisis praktik pernikahan wisata dalam tinjauan maqasid syariah Ibnu Taimiyyah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengkaji fatwa MUI No. 02/MUNAS- VIII/MUI/ 2020 tentang nikah wisata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan, dan sifatnya menggunakan metode berpikir deduktif untuk analisis deskriptif. Dan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwasanya nikah wisata tidak selaras dengan tujuan maqasid syariah pada level dharuriyyah, yang menjadikan praktik pernikahan seperti ini menjadi haram.
Seroprevalence of Leptospira infection in slaughtered cattle in Unguja Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Ngecha Bakari , Mkupasi Ernatus , Machangu Robert , Katakweba Abdul 
Published: September 2023

Background: Leptospirosis is an important disease of global distribution affecting humans and animals in the tropical and subtropical regions caused by pathogenic Leptospira serovars. It’s an occupational disease with little information in Unguja Island, Zanzibar.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected slaughter facilities to determine the seroprevalence for Leptospira infection in slaughtered cattle in Unguja Island, Zanzibar. The blood samples and demographic data from 355 slaughtered cattle were collected and sera were separated for the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) by using five types of Leptospira serovars; Hebdomadis, Sokoine, Lora, Grippotyphosa and Pomona with cutoff titer ≥ 1:40. The Chi-square test at p < 0.05 was used to assess the association between the variables and seropositivity of Leptospira infection.
Results: The overall seroprevalence of Leptospira infection in the slaughtered cattle sampled was 13.0% (46/355). The predominant serovars from the tested serogroups were Hebdomadis (3.9%), followed by Pomona (2.8%), Grippotyphosa (2.8%), and Lora (2.3%); while the least reacted was Sokoine (1.1%). The body condition score was the only significant significant variable (χ2=103.9038, p=0.00001) associated with Leptospira infection seropositivity.
Conclusion: The study offers the first report on the Leptospira seroprevalence in slaughtered cattle on Unguja Island. This might be a probable source of infection to slaughter facilities workers and other animals encroaching on the area. Therefore, precautions should be observed to prevent infection, especially for slaughter facility workers in Unguja.
COVİD-19 Döneminde Online Eğitim Alan Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Mobil Öğrenmeye Yönelik Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: SATIR Gülsüme , KAYA Gizem , KIZILKAYA BEJİ Nezihe 
Published: September 2023

Giriş: COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında ülkelerde salgının yayılmasını engellemek için önlemler alınmıştır. En önemli önlemlerden biriside eğitim kurumlarında uzaktan eğitim başlamasıdır. Mobil öğrenme ile öğrenciler zaman ve mekan sınırı olmadan eğitime devam etmişlerdir.
Amaç: Bu araştırma, COVİD-19 döneminde online eğitim alan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin mobil öğrenmeye yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini bölümdeki tüm hemşirelik öğrencileri, örneklemini çalışmayı kabul eden 225 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplamada kişisel bilgi formu ve Mobil Öğrenmeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin frekans, t testi, Mann Whitney U, ANOVA ve Kruskal Wallis testleri ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %50.7’si 21 yaş üstü, %76.9’u kadındır. Analiz sonucunda öğrencilerin Mobil Öğrenmeye Yönelik Tutum toplam puanı 138.44’dür. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarından memnuniyet alt boyutu ortalamasının diğer faktörlerin ortalamalarından fazla, kullanışlılık alt faktörü diğer faktörlere göre düşük bir ortalama değere sahiptir.
Sonuç: Öğrencilerin mobil öğrenmeye karşı tutumları orta seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur.