bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic optical and electric properties of β-gallium oxide
Authors: Zhang Yonghui , Xing Fei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The anisotropic properties and applications of β-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) are comprehensively reviewed. All the anisotropic properties are essentially resulted from the anisotropic crystal structure. The process flow of how to exfoliate nanoflakes from bulk material is introduced. Anisotropic optical properties, including optical bandgap, Raman and photoluminescence characters are comprehensively reviewed. Three measurement configurations of angle-resolved polarized Raman spectra (ARPRS) are reviewed, with Raman intensity formulas calculated with Raman tensor elements. The method to obtain the Raman tensor elements of phonon modes through experimental fitting is also introduced. In addition, the anisotropy in electron mobility and affinity are discussed. The applications, especially polarization photodetectors, based on β-Ga2O3 were summarized comprehensively. Three kinds of polarization detection mechanisms based on material dichroism, 1D morphology and metal-grids are discussed in-depth. This review paper provides a framework for anisotropic optical and electric properties of β-Ga2O3, as well as the applications based on these characters, and is expected to lead to a wider discussion on this topic.
2.83-kV double-layered NiO/β-Ga2O3 vertical p-n heterojunction diode with a power figure-of-merit of 5.98 GW/cm2
Authors: Han Tingting , Wang Yuangang , Lv Yuanjie , Dun Shaobo , Liu Hongyu , Bu Aimin , Feng Zhihong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work demonstrates high-performance NiO/β-Ga2O3 vertical heterojunction diodes (HJDs) with double-layer junction termination extension (DL-JTE) consisting of two p-typed NiO layers with varied lengths. The bottom 60-nm p-NiO layer fully covers the β-Ga2O3 wafer, while the geometry of the upper 60-nm p-NiO layer is 10 μm larger than the square anode electrode. Compared with a single-layer JTE, the electric field concentration is inhibited by double-layer JTE structure effectively, resulting in the breakdown voltage being improved from 2020 to 2830 V. Moreover, double p-typed NiO layers allow more holes into the Ga2O3 drift layer to reduce drift resistance. The specific on-resistance is reduced from 1.93 to 1.34 mΩ·cm2. The device with DL-JTE shows a power figure-of-merit (PFOM) of 5.98 GW/cm2, which is 2.8 times larger than that of the conventional single-layer JTE structure. These results indicate that the double-layer JTE structure provides a viable way of fabricating high-performance Ga2O3 HJDs.
Surface plasmon assisted high-performance photodetectors based on hybrid TiO2@GaOxNy-Ag heterostructure
Authors: Tao Jiajia , Zeng Guang , Li Xiaoxi , Gu Yang , Liu Wenjun , Zhang David Wei , Lu Hongliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we reported a high-performance-based ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) photodetector based on a TiO2@GaOxNy-Ag heterostructure. Ag particles were introduced into TiO2@GaOxNy to enhance the visible light detection performance of the heterojunction device. At 380 nm, the responsivity and detectivity of TiO2@GaOxNy-Ag were 0.94 A/W and 4.79 × 109 Jones, respectively, and they increased to 2.86 A/W and 7.96 × 1010 Jones at 580 nm. The rise and fall times of the response were 0.19/0.23 and 0.50/0.57 s, respectively. Uniquely, at 580 nm, the responsivity of fabricated devices is one to four orders of magnitude higher than that of the photodetectors based on TiO2, Ga2O3, and other heterojunctions. The excellent optoelectronic characteristics of the TiO2@GaOxNy-Ag heterojunction device could be mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the type-Ⅱ band structure of the metal–semiconductor–metal heterojunction and the plasmon resonance effect of Ag, which not only effectively promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers but also reduces the recombination rate. It is further illuminated by finite difference time domain method (FDTD) simulation and photoelectric measurements. The TiO2@GaOxNy-Ag arrays with high-efficiency detection are suitable candidates for applications in energy-saving communication, imaging, and sensing networks.
Evaluation of toxicity assay of the methanolic extract of oleander leaves against fall armyworm
Authors: Subakti Putri S N , Susanto A , Bari I N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Oleander (Nerium oleander L.) is a shrubbery plant with various functions as an ornamental, medicinal, bio-fungicide, and bio-insecticide. The study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity assay of methanolic extract of oleander leaves on fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith). The study was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) for upper and lower concentrations. The upper and lower concentrations’ results were calculated to find the intervals and then used to determine the Lethal Concentration (LC) with four repetitions using probit analysis. In addition, the mortality, food, and weight were calculated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that concentration interval values from the lower limit to the high of the extract of methanol oleander leaves were: 0.23%; 0.32%; 0.45%; 0.63%; and 0.88%. The probit analysis showed that the toxicity of oleander extract concentrations at 48 Hours after Treatment (HAT) was LC50 by 0.86% and LC95 by 2.42%. The lethal concentration on the last day (D-20) of LC50 and LC95 was 0.54% and 1.76%, respectively. During the 20 days of the observation period, fall armyworm larvae only consumed 162.36±13.48 mg of baby corn at the highest concentration (0.88%), compared to 665.47±22.60 mg at the control. The oleander extract also affected the larvae’s weight and time consumption. The resulting concentration of extracts of oleander methanol can be used to control fall armyworm larvae.
Trichoderma asperellum integrated with Fusarium decemcellulare and Lasiodioplodia pseudotheobromae applications increase its colonisation in cacao seedling tissues and suppression of leaf anthracnose disease
Authors: Rosmana A , Junaid M , Asman A , Hanum U L , Maulydia L , Yusuf K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Fusarium and Lasiodiplodia are fungal endophytes found frequently in cacao tissues. Their presence has suggested an increase endophytic Trichoderma asperellum’s ability to inhibit primary diseases. The research aims to evaluate the occurrence of T. asperellum in root, stem, and leaf cacao tissues after the plants were inoculated by F. decemcellulare, L. pseudotheobromae, and T. asperellum. Also, at the same time to observe their impact on inhibiting leaf anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In plants treated with the combination of T. asperellum and F. decemcellulare at 30 days post-inoculation, colonisation of T. asperellum was four to 68 times higher than that of T. asperellum alone. Whereas when combined with L. pseudotheobromae, the colonisation was 4 to 68 times higher. T. asperellum, F. decemcellulare, and L. theobromae self-applied could decrease the incidence and severity of anthracnose disease. However, the highest decrease was observed in plants treated notably by the combination of T. asperellum and F. decemcellulare. This data demonstrated that the presence of T. asperellum in plant tissues was supported by other endophytic fungi, which increased its capability to suppress the disease of cacao.
The agronomic performance of ratoon and modified ratoon salibu in the multi-canopy rice cultivation system
Authors: Simarmata M J , Junaedi A , Purnamawati H , Lubis I 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The use of multi-canopy technology by intercropping and modified ratoon techniques called “salibu” in rice cultivation is expected to have the benefit the increasing yield potency through a vertical harvesting area and cropping index. The purpose of this study was to investigate rice growth and production by the modified ratoon salibu on a multi-canopy cropping system. The multi-canopy was performed by planting a short variety (Inpari 33 and Inpari 43) intercrop with a tall variety (IPB 9G). The short varieties were transplanted with growing space 4:1 with a distance of 30 to 15 cm, and the tall type was transplanted in between rows. After the main-crops were harvested, conventional and modified ratoon salibu were conducted and observed on growth and production. The performance of multi-canopy showed a higher yield compared to that of monoculture. The modified ratoon salibu technique was better than the conventional ratoon in most of the morphological and physiological traits, as well as for grain yield. Utilizing taller rice as intercropping for multi-canopy combined with modified ratoon salibu could be recommended for gaining the benefit of the cropping index as a land utilization strategy.
Growth performances of maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) in the legowo row system applied with bokashi plus fertilizer on marginal soils
Authors: Karimuna L , Halim  , Kilowasid L M H , Wijayanto T , Anti W O , Suharjo  , Asmin  , Wahid  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The research aims to determine the growth response of maize intercropped with soybeans in a legowo row system with bokashi plus fertilizer on marginal land. It was carried out in Lamaeo Village, from May to August 2021, utilizing a randomized block design with a single factor and the dose of bokashi plus fertilizer, consisting of four levels, namely 0, 3, 6, and 9 t ha-1. Every therapy was replicated in four periods to obtain a total of 16 experimental plots. The legowo row system involved four rows of soybeans spaced 30 cm x 30 cm, with rows of corn spaced 120 cm x 40 cm. Plant height (cm), the number of leaves (strands), stem diameter (cm), leaf area (cm2), leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate were variables observed at 14, 28, 42, and 56 days after planting (DAP). The results of the research showed that bokashi plus fertilizer had a positive impact on the performance of corn intercropped with soybeans in the legowo row system on marginal land. The best outcome in terms of plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameter and leaf site were observed at 14, 28, 42, and 56 DAP, as well as leaf area index, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate. The highest yields of corn and soybeans were obtained at a dose of 9 t ha-1, which amounted to 6.3 and 2.1 t ha-1, respectively, indicating better response on organic fertilizer.
Zeoponic formula for plant growth media for ornamental plants Aglaonema siam aurora and Anthurium crystallinum
Authors: Widjaja H , Hidayah A N , Suryaningtyas D T , Oktariani P , Suwardi  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Plant growth media (PGM) play a crucial role in producing healthy and valuable ornamental plants. A good PGM has the suitable physical, chemical, and biological properties that can help realize the total growth and development potential of the plants. One PGM developed that meets these requirements is a zeoponic, made from zeolite, compost, and cocopeat as raw materials, and formulated specifically for ornamental plants. Ornamental plants are horticultural commodities with high economic value driven by fast-growing demand. However, a common problem in the cultivation of ornamental plants is the unwanted degradation in the appearance of the leaves, e.g., turning into pale and faded color. Hence, the application of an accurate dosage of macro and micro fertilizers on zeoponic ornamental plants can boost growth and enhance the aesthetic value of the plants. With this in mind, this study aimed to find the precise fertilizer formula, specially or even exclusively, for ornamental plants. The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely (1) plant species consisting of Aglaonema siam aurora and Anthurium crystallinum, and (2) fertilizer dosage consisting of different combinations of N, P, and K fertilizers as well as micro fertilizers. Test parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf chlorophyll, and plant beauty. PGM analysis was carried out by measuring pH, EC, available-N, available-P, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable bases, organic-C, and micronutrients. This study showed that zeoponic with a dosage of 0.375 g/l NPK fertilizer was the best for Aglaonema siam aurora, while zeoponic with a dosage of 0.75 g/l of NPK fertilizer was the best for Anthurium crystallinum plants. The use of zeoponic media is highly recommended owing to its suitable chemical properties (e. g, neutral pH, favorable EC and CEC).
Planning for greenery under Light Rail Transit (LRT) in the section of Kelapa Gading North Jakarta
Authors: Riani Feby Parmita , Nasrullah Nizar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The high mobility of the population in Jakarta encourages the creation of mass transportation modes that can carry a large number of passengers at one time. One of them is the construction of LRT transportation that uses an elevated track. Due to limited land, the pillar of the elevated track was built in the ROW of the existing road. The case of Kelapa Gading LRT was the pillar of the LRT built in the median Boulevard Raya Road. This elevated tract produces an elongated space under the rail track. The space under the LRT track line has the potential to construct a green lane because the currently existing conditions were not planned well. So the purpose of this research was to develop a green lane plan under the LRT rail track by carrying out the concept of a green corridor which be able to maintain the quality of the environment, and able to improve visual quality, and can be beneficial for the community in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. In the proposed plan, the vegetation applied to the road sections such as the traffic island roundabout, U-Turn, and the space under the LRT line combines the use of vegetation to maintain environmental qualities, identify vegetation, plant which shows the road direction, and climate amelioration vegetation. Green technology planning is also proposed at the research site by applying a litter trap, raingarden, porous oncrete, eco-drainage, and solar power system for street lighting.
The effect of different energy sources on the performance and blood metabolites of sheep
Authors: Sudarman A , Ananda A , Pangestu R , Khotijah L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Energy has an important role in metabolic processes. Dietary energy sources can be in the form of carbohydrates or fat. This study aimed to elaborate the performance and blood metabolites of ewes fed cassava, palm oil or canola oil. Sixteen ewes were divided into four groups of four treatments, namely T1 = 100% grass; T2 = 40% grass + 30% concentrate + 30% cassava; T3 = 40% grass + 50.3% concentrate + 9.7% palm oil; T4 = 40% grass + 50.3% concentrate + 9.7% canola oil. Randomized block design was used and data were analyzed using analysis of variance and any differences were furthered tested by Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that feeding with different energy sources significantly (P<0.05) had a significant effect on feed consumption and digestibility, weight gain, and feed utilization efficiency. The feed consumption of 100% grass ration (T1) was significantly higher than the other treatments. Diet with 30% cassava (T2) had significantly different feed digestibility and performance from the 100% grass and oil treatment. The blood cholesterol content of sheep fed with oil (T3 and T4) was higher than that given 100% grass (T1) and 30% cassava (T2). However, there were no differences among the treatment on blood glucose and protein concentration. It is concluded that the provision of 30% cassava resulted in better sheep performance and lower blood cholesterol levels compared to feeding with an energy source in the form of oil.
Quality Management of Precast concrete technology
Authors: Martin Monisha , Kavinkumar S , Ramkumar R , Suresh Sukirtha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The current study presents a comprehensive quality management plan for different stages of the precast concrete technology by adopting an efficient workflow methodology. In this study, the data was collected using the primary sources and through close observation of the existing quality control plans. The aim of the study is to identify the gaps in the existing system and propose an easily-adoptable process-oriented framework to mitigate the issues. The research article includes RACI matrix, swimlanes (for various stages) and recommendations. This workflow provides an algorithm that can be developed further into a software, which allows the business users to automate the process flows. In the future, it can be transcended into mobile applications thus real-time tracking can be accomplished with a reliable quality management system.
Role of façade shades in energy efficiency in commercial buildings
Authors: Agnihotri Shatakshi , Kumar Saurabh , Meenatchisundaram A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Energy consumption and production all over the world is a key contributor to climate change due to resultant emissions of CO2. To meet the national goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2070, the current trends in energy consumption need to be addressed, with the building sector accounting for 40% of the global energy consumption. In India, the heating, cooling and lighting load of commercial buildings has increased from 32% to 46% in the past two decades. Energy demands can sustainably be reduced by means of energy conservation measures, particularly during the building design stage. As demands for new commercial spaces increased in crowded cities, the multi-storeyed glass façade building emerged out and continues to be a popular building design. This paper examines the role of façade shading elements in pulling down the energy demands and harnessing required daylight for lighting comfort. Daylight, energy, solar insolation and glare patterns are analysed in existing building in Noida on the basis of which different shading configurations are proposed by means of computer simulation, using Ecotect, eQUEST software and Radiance tool. Based on the analysis, three cogent designs are discussed and the optimum shade design is identified.
Evaluating the Impact of Transition spaces on the Indoor comfort conditions of a Naturally Ventilated Institution Building
Authors: Manaswini Devi S , Horrison Ebin , Amraotkar Sheetal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Transition spaces connect between the interior space and the exterior environment and it acts as an intermediate or a third space. A well-designed transition space acts as a microclimate modifier for the interior spaces. The current study focuses on the role of transition spaces in creating a comfortable thermal environment in classrooms of an educational institute, located in a region with hot humid climate. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of transition spaces upon the creation of indoor thermal comfort. For this study, the quantitative data was collected through field measurements in terms of air temperature on a typical summer day. Further, the field data was also collected from different orientations and various classrooms within the campus of the institution. Adaptive thermal comfort metrics was used to compare the performance on the built geometry. The spatial distribution of adaptive thermal comfort was simulated using IESVE software. Further, new scenarios were proposed and developed for the built geometry by altering the built parameters like aspect ratio and the depth of the transition space. The indoor thermal comfort performance of the proposed scenarios was compared with the existing conditions so as to establish a relationship between the built parameters and comfort conditions. A significant improvement was evident in the comfort level of indoor spaces, which suggest that the transition spaces optimize the indoor space comfort levels by reducing the indoor temperature by about 0.5°C to 2°C. Thus, the study proves that the changes in the aspect ratio and corridor width significantly impacts the indoor comfort. The current study outcomes can further help the designers to understand that the best efficient transition space has a positive impact upon a healthy learning space.
Assessment of Biodiversity Richness and Carbon Sequestration Potential in Institutional Campus – A Case Study
Authors: Shrimathi P , Chandramathy I , Gnana Rathinam R S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Within an increasingly sprawling city, it is almost far-fetched to identify a large patch of potential habitat for urban ecological conservation. In such cases, the institutional campuses become vital areas for such interventions, which can then be harmonized to realize the seemingly unreal idea of urban forest development. These institutional ecological patches remain a home to a number of species. Thus, it retains the urban biodiversity amidst the anthropogenic urban activities. The campus of Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, is one such institutional urban forest that sprawls across 143 acres of land, surrounded by the Thiruparankundram hills and the lake which support the species’ richness and their composition. This urban forest is considered for investigation in current study. The researchers followed the non-destructive sampling mapping technique and used a measuring tape to conduct the biodiversity assessment of trees and animal species. Further, the authenticity of the biological taxonomy was also validated using an open-source application, ‘Plant Net’. The results found that this urban forest harbours a total of 40 different species of trees, with Azadirachta indica being the dominant tree species, followed by Saraca asoca, the co-dominant. The total carbon sequestered by this urban forest was then calculated using the formula W= (AGB+BGB) *0.5*3.6663. The results suggest the implementation of appropriate management strategies by providing a diverse set of essential plant databases for the institutional campuses, which in turn can benefit the management of urban ecosystems. The study emphasizes the importance of diverse species in providing ecological services such as biodiversity conservation, improved air quality, and micro-climate regulation, thus escalating the institutional urban forests to contribute towards a harmonious urban ecological development.