bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weighting of risk factors for low birth weight: a linked routine data cohort study in Wales, UK
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Amrita , Jones Hope , Parker Michael , Marchant Emily , Evans Julie , Todd Charlotte , Rahman Muhammad A , Healy James , Win Tint Lwin , Rowe Ben , Moore Simon , Jones Angela , Brophy Sinead 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveGlobally, 20 million children are born with a birth weight below 2500 g every year, which is considered as a low birthweight (LBW) baby. This study investigates the contribution of modifiable risk factors in a nationally representative Welsh e-cohort of children and their mothers to inform opportunities to reduce LBW prevalence.DesignA longitudinal cohort study based on anonymously linked, routinely collected multiple administrative data sets.ParticipantsThe cohort, (N=693 377) comprising of children born between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2018 in Wales, was selected from the National Community Child Health Database.Outcome measuresThe risk factors associated with a binary LBW (outcome) variable were investigated with multivariable logistic regression (MLR) and decision tree (DT) models.ResultsThe MLR model showed that non-singleton children had the highest risk of LBW (adjusted OR 21.74 (95% CI 21.09 to 22.40)), followed by pregnancy interval less than 1 year (2.92 (95% CI 2.70 to 3.15)), maternal physical and mental health conditions including diabetes (2.03 (1.81 to 2.28)), anaemia (1.26 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.36)), depression (1.58 (95% CI 1.43 to 1.75)), serious mental illness (1.46 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.05)), anxiety (1.22 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.38)) and use of antidepressant medication during pregnancy (1.92 (95% CI 1.20 to 3.07)). Additional maternal risk factors include smoking (1.80 (95% CI 1.76 to 1.84)), alcohol-related hospital admission (1.60 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.97)), substance misuse (1.35 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.41)) and evidence of domestic abuse (1.98 (95% CI 1.39 to 2.81)). Living in less deprived area has lower risk of LBW (0.70 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.72)). The most important risk factors from the DT models include maternal factors such as smoking, maternal weight, substance misuse record, maternal age along with deprivation—Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation score, pregnancy interval and birth order of the child.ConclusionResources to reduce the prevalence of LBW should focus on improving maternal health, reducing preterm births, increasing awareness of what is a sufficient pregnancy interval, and to provide adequate support for mothers’ mental health and well-being.
Cohort Profile: Childhood morbidity and potential non-specific effects of the childhood vaccination programmes in the Nordic countries (NONSEnse): register-based cohort of children born 1990–2017/2018
Authors: Gehrt Lise , Laake Ida , Englund Hélène , Nieminen Heta , Feiring Berit , Lahdenkari Mika , Palmu Arto A , Trogstad Lill , Benn Christine Stabell , Sørup Signe 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe aim of the NONSEnse project is to investigate the non-specific effects of vaccines and immunisation programmes on the overall health of children by using information from the extensive nationwide registers on health and sociodemographic factors in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.ParticipantsThe cohort covers 9 072 420 children aged 0–17 years, born 1990–2017/2018 and living in Denmark, Finland, Norway or Sweden. All countries use a unique identification number for its permanent residents, which makes it possible to link individual-level information from different registers.Findings to dateData collection and harmonisation according to a common data model was completed in March 2022. As a prerequisite for comparing the effects of childhood vaccinations on the overall health of children across the Nordic countries, we have identified indicators measuring similar levels of infectious disease morbidity across these settings. So far, studies pertaining to non-specific effects of vaccines are limited to investigations that could be undertaken using aggregated data sets that were available before the NONSEnse cohort with individual-level information was completely set up.Future plansWe are currently performing several studies of the effects on non-targeted infectious disease morbidity across the countries following vaccination against measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, human papillomavirus, rotavirus and influenza. Multiple studies are planned within the next years using different study designs to facilitate triangulation of results and enhance causal inference.RegistrationNo clinical trials will be conducted within the NONSEnse project.
Murru Minya–informing the development of practical recommendations to support ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research: a protocol for a national mixed-methods study
Authors: McGuffog Romany , Chamberlain Catherine , Hughes Jaqui , Kong Kelvin , Wenitong Mark , Bryant Jamie , Brown Alex , Eades Sandra J , Griffiths Kalinda E , Collis Felicity , Hobden Breanne , O'Mara Peter , Ridgeway Tanika , Walter Maggie , Kennedy Michelle 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionConducting ethical and high-quality health research is crucial for informing public health policy and service delivery to reduce the high and inequitable burden of disease experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Ethical guidelines and principles specifically for health research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have been developed for use since 1987. However, there has been limited examination of how these are being applied to the conduct of research.Methods and analysisMurru Minyawill be a large-scale national study to examine the implementation of ethical processes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research. A mixed-methods design will be used in fourbaarra(steps). The first threebaarrawill collect knowledge, experiences and wisdom from three key groups: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, research academics, and Human Research Ethics Committees using online surveys, yarning, and semistructured interviews. This knowledge will inform the finalbaarraof developing a set of practical recommendations to support ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research into the future.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this research project has been granted by National, State and Territory Human Research Ethics Committees. This research has been developed in collaboration with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation representatives, Aboriginal community members, the National Health Leadership Forum, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research team. The knowledge translation plan will be integrated and revised throughout the project as partnerships and engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities continue. All findings will be shared with peak Aboriginal research bodies and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in ways that are meaningful to them.
Urinary incontinence in older men: protocol for a scoping review of risk factors
Authors: Olagundoye Olawunmi , Kung Janice Y , Gibson William , Wagg Adrian 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionUrinary incontinence (UI) is common among older men. Epidemiological studies have established many risk factors for UI but these studies are not always specific to men aged 65 and above. The literature is yet to be systematically and comprehensively reviewed to identify UI risk factors specific to these men. Such evidence is required for the development of evidence-based interventions. This scoping review will synthesise evidence regarding UI risk factors in older men.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method for scoping reviews will guide the conduct of this scoping review and its reporting alongside the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. JBI’s Population, Concept and Context framework is used to frame inclusion criteria, and JBI’s scoping review protocol template was used to format this protocol. Our comprehensive search will include Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library (via Wiley) and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. There will be no language restriction since approximately 10% of preliminary search results were in languages other than English. Study type or publication date will not be restricted. Besides databases, we will review Google Scholar results and bibliographies. Two independent reviewers will screen, select and extract eligible studies. A preliminary search was performed on 24 May 2022. The search strategy and data extraction template are in online supplemental appendix. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of data will be performed as a means of describing the risk factors for UI identified among older men by using frequencies and descriptive methods.Ethics and disseminationThe review does not require ethics approval. Findings will be disseminated at conferences, in a peer-reviewed journal and used to inform the development of an evidence-based tool for self-management of UI in older men.
Characterization of the chloroplast genome of medicinal herb Polygonatum cyrtonema and identification of molecular markers by comparative analysis
Authors: Xie Zhen-Ni , Lao Jia , Liu Hao , Zhang Wan-Xiang , He Wei , Zhong Can , Xie Jing , Zhang Shui-Han , Jin Jian 
Published: February 2023

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a traditional Chinese herb medicine, and it is widely distributed in China. The intrageneric taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships within Polygonatum have long been controversial due to their morphological similarity and lacking special DNA barcodes. In this paper, the complete chloroplast genome is a relatively conserved quadripartite structure including a large single copy region of 84 711 bp, a small single copy region of 18 210 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats region of 26 142 bp. A total of 342 simple sequence repeats were identified, and most of them were found to be composed of A/T, including 126 mono-nucleotides and 179 di-nucleotides. Nucleotide diversity was analyzed and eight highly variable regions (psbl∼trnT-CGU, atpF∼atpH, trnT-GGU∼psbD, psaJ∼rps20, trnL-UAG∼ndhD, ndhG∼ndhl, ndhA, and rpl32∼ccsA) were identified as potential molecular markers. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole chloroplast genome showed that P. cyrtonema, within the family Asparagaceae, is closely related to Polygonatum sibiricum and Polygonatum kingianum. The sequence matK, trnT-GGU & ccsA, and ndhG∼ndhA were identified as three DNA barcodes. The assembly and comparative analysis of P. cyrtonema complete chloroplast genome will provide essential molecular information about the evolution and molecular biology for further study.
Analysis of angular distribution asymmetries and the associated $$C\!P$$ asymmetries in three-body decays of bottom baryons
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Hua , Qi Jing-Juan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe introduce a set of observables representing angular distribution asymmetries, which can be viewed as a generalization of the forward-backward asymmetry of angular distributions, and can be used as an effective tool to search for $$C\!P$$

C

P

violation in three-body decays of bottom and charmed baryons. We propose to search for such $$C\!P$$

C

P

asymmetries (1) in decays with $$\Lambda ^0$$

Λ
0

, $$\Sigma ^\pm $$

Σ
±

, or $$\Lambda _c^+$$

Λ
c
+

involved, such as $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow \Lambda ^0 D$$

Λ
b

→

Λ
0

D

and $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow \Lambda ^0\rho (770)^0$$

Λ
b

→

Λ
0

ρ

(
770
)

0

; and (2) in three-body decays of bottom baryons with opposite parity intermediate resonances involved. Typical examples include $$\Xi _b^-\rightarrow p K^- K^-$$

Ξ
b
-

→
p

K
-

K
-

, $$\Lambda _b^0\rightarrow p K_S\pi ^-$$

Λ
b
0

→
p

K
S

π
-

and $$\Lambda _b^0\rightarrow p \pi ^0\pi ^-$$

Λ
b
0

→
p

π
0

π
-

, in which the last decay channel is used as a toy model to illustrate the basic idea.
Escape from a black hole with spherical warp drive
Authors: Eroshenko Yu. N. 
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a class of the warp drive (WD) type metrics is proposed in the form of spherical and plane waves or shells. In particular, these metrics can describe the passage of spherical WD through the horizon of a black hole (BH) from the inside out. In this metrics, nonsingular evolution of physical fields is possible, which is demonstrated by examples of scalar, vector and fermion fields. The passage of a warp-wave through the fields is accompanied by soliton-like configurations (kinks). The limiting case of Planck-scale WD can lead to the evaporation of singularities inside BHs with the escape of particles and information into outer space, and the EPR = WD conjecture can also be proposed.
Stationary solutions for fermions in the fields of Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström quantum black holes
Authors: Neznamov V. P. , Safronov I. I. , Shemarulin V. E. 
Published: February 2023

The problem of existence of fermion’s stationary states in the fields of quantum black holes [R. Casadio, Universe 7, 478 (2021), arXiv:2103.00183v4 [gr-qc]; R. Casadio, A. Giusti and J. Ovalle, Phys. Rev. D 105, 124026 (2022), arXiv:2203.03252v2 [gr-qc]] is considered. It is shown that in the domains, outside external event horizons, quantum black holes preserve qualitative characteristics typical for classical Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström black holes [V. P. Neznamov and I. I. Safronov, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 127, 647 (2018); V. P. Neznamov, I. I. Safronov and V. E. Shemarulin, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 127, 684 (2018)]. Quantitative differences are the dependence of the radii of the event horizons in quantum black holes on the maximum (cut-off) momentum of the gravitons [Formula: see text] and some distinctions in the effective potentials of the relativistic self-conjugate Schrödinger-type equation.
Images of ideals under derivations and ℰ-derivations of univariate polynomial algebras over a field of characteristic zero
Authors: Zhao Wenhua 
Published: February 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a field of characteristic zero and [Formula: see text] a free variable. A [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivation of [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-linear map of the form [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]-algebra endomorphism [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the identity map of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the image of an ideal of [Formula: see text] under some [Formula: see text]-derivations and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivations of [Formula: see text]. We show that the LFED conjecture proposed in [W. Zhao, Some open problems on locally finite or locally nilpotent derivations and [Formula: see text]-derivations, Commun. Contem. Math. 20(4) (2018) 1750056] holds for all [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivations and all locally finite [Formula: see text]-derivations of [Formula: see text]. We also show that the LNED conjecture proposed in [W. Zhao, Some open problems on locally finite or locally nilpotent derivations and [Formula: see text]-derivations, Commun. Contem. Math. 20(4) (2018) 1750056] holds for all locally nilpotent [Formula: see text]-derivations of [Formula: see text], and also for all locally nilpotent [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivations of [Formula: see text]and the ideals [Formula: see text] such that either [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text] has at least one repeated root in the algebraic closure of [Formula: see text]. As a bi-product, the homogeneous Mathieu subspaces (Mathieu–Zhao spaces) of the univariate polynomial algebra over an arbitrary field have also been classified.
North Barents Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element
Authors: Lundschien B. A. , Mattingsdal R. , Johansen S. K. , Knutsen S.-M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The North Barents Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element could represent a prosperous petroleum province in the Arctic, with several large basins, platforms and highs identified. The sedimentary succession ranges from the Late Paleozoic and continues throughout most of the Mesozoic. Terrestrial sediments of the Billefjorden Group (Famennian–Visean) are likely to be present, and are overlain by evaporites and carbonates of the Gipsdalen Group (Serpukhovian–Late Artinskian). Most of the Triassic is dominated by deposits from a huge prograding deltaic system building out from the south, SE and east, becoming successively younger towards NW. The system was primarily sourced from the Urals but also partly from mainland Norway and, most probably, from Taimyr. The progradation started in the Late Permian and reached Svalbard in the Early Carnian. The entire delta system was flooded during the regional Early Norian transgression, resulting in the deposition of marine shales of the Flatsalen Formation (Svalbard) and the time-equivalent Akkar Member of the Fruholmen Formation (Barents Sea). The Cretaceous and the Paleogene are, respectively, comprehensively and completely eroded. During the Pliocene–Pleistocene, the entire Barents shelf was a site of repeated glaciations, resulting in extensive erosion. Hydrocarbon source rocks occur at several stratigraphic levels from the Carboniferous to the Jurassic, of which the most important is assumed to be the Lower–Middle Triassic Steinkobbe/Botneheia Formation. The Upper Jurassic Hekkingen Formation, where present, is likely to be immature across the whole area. Potential reservoir rocks are Permian carbonates and siliciclastic rocks of Carboniferous and Mesozoic age.
A journey through the Ordovician System around the world
Authors: Servais Thomas , Harper David A. T. , Lefebvre Bertrand , Percival Ian G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The Ordovician was a key period in the biological and geological history of the Earth. ‘A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System’ is presented in two volumes of
The Geological Society, Special Publications
series. The first volume (SP532) covers general aspects of the Ordovician and also includes the syntheses of the Ordovician successions of Europe. To provide a comprehensive global overview, this second volume (SP533) represents a journey through the Ordovician System around the world. Reviews of the Ordovician of North America include syntheses of Alaska, Greenland, Canada, the USA and Mexico, whereas the South American Ordovician is summarized in a specific chapter related to Argentina and neighbouring countries. The Ordovician System of Africa is presented in chapters covering the north and the south of the continent where significant Ordovician successions occur. Australia and New Zealand, as well as Antarctica, are visited in separate chapters. Asia provides the most complex Ordovician successions that are reviewed in chapters covering Turkey and the Levant region, the Middle East, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, India, SE Asia, China, Korea, and Japan. Our journey covers a great number of locations but, with many successions still to be fully described, our knowledge of the Ordovician of the world remains incomplete.
Stratospheric Ozone Changes Damp the CO2-Induced Acceleration of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation
Authors: Hufnagl Leonhard , Eichinger Roland , Garny Hella , Birner Thomas , Kuchař Aleš , Jöckel Patrick , Graf Phoebe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The increase of atmospheric CO2 concentrations changes the atmospheric temperature distribution, which in turn affects the circulation. A robust circulation response to CO2 forcing is the strengthening of the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC), with associated consequences for transport of trace gases such as ozone. Ozone is further affected by the CO2-induced stratospheric cooling via the temperature dependency of ozone chemistry. These ozone changes in turn influence stratospheric temperatures and thereby modify the CO2-induced circulation changes. In this study, we perform dedicated model simulations to quantify the modification of the circulation response to CO2 forcing by stratospheric ozone. Specifically, we compare simulations of the atmosphere with preindustrial and with quadrupled CO2 climate conditions, in which stratospheric ozone is held fixed or is adapted to the new climate state. The results of the residual circulation and mean age of air show that ozone changes damp the CO2-induced BDC increase by up to 20%. This damping of the BDC strengthening is linked to an ozone-induced relative enhancement of the meridional temperature gradient in the lower stratosphere in summer, thereby leading to stronger stratospheric easterlies that suppress wave propagation. Additionally, we find a systematic weakening of the polar vortices in winter and spring. In the Southern Hemisphere, ozone reduces the CO2-induced delay of the final warming date by 50%.

Significance Statement
A robust circulation response to enhanced CO2 is the strengthening of the equator-to-pole circulation in the stratosphere, the so-called Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC), which affects the ozone layer by tracer transport. This in turn alters stratospheric temperatures and thereby modifies the stratospheric circulation. In the present study, we perform model experiments to quantify the ozone-induced circulation changes caused by quadrupled CO2 concentrations. The results show that ozone changes damp the CO2-induced BDC strengthening due to radiative effects of the redistributed ozone layer by enhanced CO2. These ozone modifications lead to strengthened stratospheric easterlies in summer and decelerated westerlies in winter and spring. Moreover, the ozone changes reduce the CO2-induced delay of the polar vortex break down date in the Southern Hemisphere.
How the 1999 Climate Shift Has Changed MJO Propagation Diversity
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Tianyi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An improved understanding of how the climate mean-state variation modulates MJO property is key to comprehending projected MJO’s future change. After 1999, the Pacific shows a mega La Niña–like cooling, enhancing mean precipitation and MJO variability over the Maritime Continent and the northern Indo-Pacific warm pool. However, how the 1999 shift changed MJO propagation has not been studied. This study has detected significant changes in MJO propagation diversity across the 1999 climate shift. From epoch period 1 (P1; 1979–98) to P2 (1999–2018), the number of standing oscillation (SO) events has doubled, but the fast eastward-propagating (fast) events have decreased by 42%, the slow eastward-propagating events have increased by 150%, and the zonal extents of the MJO propagation have shifted westward by 10°–20° of longitude. The SO (fast) events are often associated with a La Niña–like (El Niño–like) mean state. Therefore, the La Niña–like mean-state change associated with the 1999 climate shift has increased the chance for more SO but fewer fast events. The La Niña–like mean-state shift has also promoted the slow-propagating events from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific (WP) by increasing moisture content, convective instability, low-level convergence, and upward transport moisture over the equatorial WP. The results imply that the future change of the MJO propagation would critically depend on how the anthropogenic forcing changes the Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature pattern, especially an El Niño–like or La Niña–like warming pattern. The existing uncertainties in projecting the Pacific warming pattern could pose a significant ambiguity in anticipating MJO’s future change.