bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible solar cells based on foldable silicon wafers with blunted edges
Authors: Liu Wenzhu , Liu Yujing , Yang Ziqiang , Xu Changqing , Li Xiaodong , Huang Shenglei , Shi Jianhua , Du Junling , Han Anjun , Yang Yuhao , Xu Guoning , Yu Jian , Ling Jiajia , Peng Jun , Yu Liping , Ding Bin , Gao Yuan , Jiang Kai , Li Zhenfei , Yang Yanchu , Li Zhaojie , Lan Shihu , Fu Haoxin , Fan Bin , Fu Yanyan , He Wei , Li Fengrong , Song Xin , Zhou Yinuo , Shi Qiang , Wang Guangyuan , Guo Lan , Kang Jingxuan , Yang Xinbo , Li Dongdong , Wang Zhechao , Li Jie , Thoroddsen Sigurdur , Cai Rong , Wei Fuhai , Xing Guoqiang , Xie Yi , Liu Xiaochun , Zhang Liping , Meng Fanying , Di Zengfeng , Liu Zhengxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlexible solar cells have a lot of market potential for application in photovoltaics integrated into buildings and wearable electronics because they are lightweight, shockproof and self-powered. Silicon solar cells have been successfully used in large power plants. However, despite the efforts made for more than 50 years, there has been no notable progress in the development of flexible silicon solar cells because of their rigidity1–4. Here we provide a strategy for fabricating large-scale, foldable silicon wafers and manufacturing flexible solar cells. A textured crystalline silicon wafer always starts to crack at the sharp channels between surface pyramids in the marginal region of the wafer. This fact enabled us to improve the flexibility of silicon wafers by blunting the pyramidal structure in the marginal regions. This edge-blunting technique enables commercial production of large-scale (>240 cm2), high-efficiency (>24%) silicon solar cells that can be rolled similarly to a sheet of paper. The cells retain 100% of their power conversion efficiency after 1,000 side-to-side bending cycles. After being assembled into large (>10,000 cm2) flexible modules, these cells retain 99.62% of their power after thermal cycling between −70 °C and 85 °C for 120 h. Furthermore, they retain 96.03% of their power after 20 min of exposure to air flow when attached to a soft gasbag, which models wind blowing during a violent storm.
Dynamic optical response of solids following 1-fs-scale photoinjection
Authors: Zimin Dmitry A. , Karpowicz Nicholas , Qasim Muhammad , Weidman Matthew , Krausz Ferenc , Yakovlev Vladislav S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotoinjection of charge carriers profoundly changes the properties of a solid. This manipulation enables ultrafast measurements, such as electric-field sampling1,2, advanced recently to petahertz frequencies3–7, and the real-time study of many-body physics8–13. Nonlinear photoexcitation by a few-cycle laser pulse can be confined to its strongest half-cycle14–16. Describing the associated subcycle optical response, vital for attosecond-scale optoelectronics, is elusive when studied with traditional pump-probe metrology as the dynamics distort any probing field on the timescale of the carrier, rather than that of the envelope. Here we apply field-resolved optical metrology to these dynamics and report the direct observation of the evolving optical properties of silicon and silica during the first few femtoseconds following a near-1-fs carrier injection. We observe that the Drude–Lorentz response forms within several femtoseconds—a time interval much shorter than the inverse plasma frequency. This is in contrast to previous measurements in the terahertz domain8,9 and central to the quest to speed up electron-based signal processing.
Tree islands enhance biodiversity and functioning in oil palm landscapes
Authors: Zemp Delphine Clara , Guerrero-Ramirez Nathaly , Brambach Fabian , Darras Kevin , Grass Ingo , Potapov Anton , Röll Alexander , Arimond Isabelle , Ballauff Johannes , Behling Hermann , Berkelmann Dirk , Biagioni Siria , Buchori Damayanti , Craven Dylan , Daniel Rolf , Gailing Oliver , Ellsäßer Florian , Fardiansah Riko , Hennings Nina , Irawan Bambang , Khokthong Watit , Krashevska Valentyna , Krause Alena , Kückes Johanna , Li Kevin , Lorenz Hendrik , Maraun Mark , Merk Miryam Sarah , Moura Carina C. M. , Mulyani Yeni A. , Paterno Gustavo B. , Pebrianti Herni Dwinta , Polle Andrea , Prameswari Di Ajeng , Sachsenmaier Lena , Scheu Stefan , Schneider Dominik , Setiajiati Fitta , Setyaningsih Christina Ani , Sundawati Leti , Tscharntke Teja , Wollni Meike , Hölscher Dirk , Kreft Holger 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration1, large knowledge gaps persist on how to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in cash crop-dominated tropical landscapes2. Here, we present findings from a large-scale, 5-year ecosystem restoration experiment in an oil palm landscape enriched with 52 tree islands, encompassing assessments of ten indicators of biodiversity and 19 indicators of ecosystem functioning. Overall, indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality, were higher in tree islands compared to conventionally managed oil palm. Larger tree islands led to larger gains in multidiversity through changes in vegetation structure. Furthermore, tree enrichment did not decrease landscape-scale oil palm yield. Our results demonstrate that enriching oil palm-dominated landscapes with tree islands is a promising ecological restoration strategy, yet should not replace the protection of remaining forests.
Programming inactive RNA-binding small molecules into bioactive degraders
Authors: Tong Yuquan , Lee Yeongju , Liu Xiaohui , Childs-Disney Jessica L. , Suresh Blessy M. , Benhamou Raphael I. , Yang Chunying , Li Weimin , Costales Matthew G. , Haniff Hafeez S. , Sievers Sonja , Abegg Daniel , Wegner Tristan , Paulisch Tiffany O. , Lekah Elizabeth , Grefe Maison , Crynen Gogce , Van Meter Montina , Wang Tenghui , Gibaut Quentin M. R. , Cleveland John L. , Adibekian Alexander , Glorius Frank , Waldmann Herbert , Disney Matthew D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTarget occupancy is often insufficient to elicit biological activity, particularly for RNA, compounded by the longstanding challenges surrounding the molecular recognition of RNA structures by small molecules. Here we studied molecular recognition patterns between a natural-product-inspired small-molecule collection and three-dimensionally folded RNA structures. Mapping these interaction landscapes across the human transcriptome defined structure–activity relationships. Although RNA-binding compounds that bind to functional sites were expected to elicit a biological response, most identified interactions were predicted to be biologically inert as they bind elsewhere. We reasoned that, for such cases, an alternative strategy to modulate RNA biology is to cleave the target through a ribonuclease-targeting chimera, where an RNA-binding molecule is appended to a heterocycle that binds to and locally activates RNase L1. Overlay of the substrate specificity for RNase L with the binding landscape of small molecules revealed many favourable candidate binders that might be bioactive when converted into degraders. We provide a proof of concept, designing selective degraders for the precursor to the disease-associated microRNA-155 (pre-miR-155), JUN mRNA and MYC mRNA. Thus, small-molecule RNA-targeted degradation can be leveraged to convert strong, yet inactive, binding interactions into potent and specific modulators of RNA function.
Combination of Lactobacillus fermentum NS9 and aronia anthocyanidin extract alleviates sodium iodate-induced retina degeneration
Authors: Xing Yan , Liang Shan , Zhang Limei , Ni He , Zhang Xueqin , Wang Jiancheng , Yang Liu , Song Shuangshuang , Li Hai-Hang , Jia Chenxi , Jin Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is important to explore the effective approaches to prevent dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, significantly decreased full-field electroretinograms wave amplitudes and disordered retina structures were detected in rat retinas of sodium iodate induced dry AMD model. Six a- and b-wave amplitudes and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, and the outer nuclear layer thickness was significantly improved in the rat retinas treated with the combination of Lactobacillus fermentum NS9 (LF) and aronia anthocyanidin extract (AAE) compared with the model. The effects were much better than the treatment with AAE alone. The proteomics analysis showed the expressions of α-, β- and γ-crystallins were increased by 3–8 folds in AAE treated alone and by 6–11 folds in AAE + LF treatment compared with the model, which was further confirmed by immuno-blotting analysis. Analysis of gut microbial composition indicated that higher abundance of the genus Parasutterella and species P. excrementihominis was found in the AAE + LF treatment compared with the other groups. The results indicated that the combined treatment of AAE + LF is a potential way to prevent the retina degeneration which is significantly better than the AAE treated alone.
Changes in intra- and extracranial carotid plaque calcification: a 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Zadi T. , van Dam-Nolen D. H. K. , Aizaz M. , van der Kolk A. G. , Nederkoorn P. J. , Hendrikse J. , Kooi M. E. , van der Lugt A. , Bos D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtra- and intracranial carotid plaque calcification might have plaque-stabilizing effects, yet information on changes in plaque calcification remains scarce. We evaluated changes in carotid plaque calcification over 2 years follow-up in patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. This study is based on the PARISK-study, a multicenter cohort study, with TIA/minor stroke patients with ipsilateral mild-to-moderate carotid artery stenosis (< 70%). We included 79 patients (25% female, mean age 66 years) who underwent CTA imaging with 2 year interval. We assessed the volume of extra- and intracranial carotid artery calcification (ECAC and ICAC) and calculated the difference between baseline and follow-up ECAC and ICAC volume. We performed multivariable regression analyses to investigate the association between change of ECAC or ICAC with cardiovascular determinants. ECAC. We found increase (46.2%) and decrease (34%) in ECAC volume during 2 year follow-up, both significantly correlation with baseline ECAC volume (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.90 respectively OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.60–3.13).We found significant correlation for change in ECAC volume with diabetes (β = 0.46, 95% CI 0.03–0.89) and baseline ECAC volume (β = 0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.88). ICAC. We found increase (45.0%) and decrease (25.0%) in ICAC volume. The ICAC decrease was significantly correlated with baseline ICAC volume (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.48–3.16), age (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.19–3.38) and use of antihypertensive drugs (OR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.20–11.96]).The overall change of ICAC volume was also significantly correlated with diabetes (β = 0.92, 95% CI 1.59–7.02), use of oral hypoglycemic drugs (β = 0.86, 95% CI 0.12–1.59) and baseline ICAC volume (β = 0.71, 95% CI 0.55–0.87). We provide novel insights into the dynamics of carotid plaque calcification in symptomatic stroke patients.
Convolutional neural networks in the qualitative improvement of sweet potato roots
Authors: Clara Gonçalves Fernandes Ana , Ribeiro Valadares Nermy , Henrique Oliveira Rodrigues Clóvis , Aguiar Alves Rayane , Lorena Melucio Guedes Lis , Luiz Mendes Athayde André , Mistico Azevedo Alcinei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective was to verify whether convolutional neural networks can help sweet potato phenotyping for qualitative traits. We evaluated 16 families of sweet potato half-sibs in a randomized block design with four replications. We obtained the images at the plant level and used the ExpImage package of the R software to reduce the resolution and individualize one root per image. We grouped them according to their classifications regarding shape, peel color, and damage caused by insects. 600 roots of each class were destined for training the networks, while the rest was used to verify the quality of the fit. We used the python language on the Google Colab platform and the Keras library, considering the VGG-16, Inception-v3, ResNet-50, InceptionResNetV2, and EfficientNetB3 architectures. The InceptionResNetV2 architecture stood out with high accuracy in classifying individuals according to shape, insect damage, and peel color. Image analysis associated with deep learning may help develop applications used by rural producers and improve sweet potatoes, reducing subjectivity, labor, time, and financial resources in phenotyping.
Novel cementitious materials with mechanoluminescence for the application of visible stress monitoring and recording
Authors: Zhang Bing , Liu Shiqi , Zhou Zichen , Zeng Ming , Zhang Jianfeng , Tu Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of real-time and accurate visual stress detection is crucial for the field of building engineering. Herein, a new strategy is explored for the development of novel cementitious materials by hierarchical aggregation smart luminescent material and resin-based material. The cementitious material with such layered structure is inherently capable of visualization of stress monitoring and recording by converting the stress to visible light. The specimen fabricated by the novel cementitious material could repetitively emit green visible light under excitation of a mechanical pulse for 10 cycles, suggesting that the cementitious material shows highly reproducible performance. Moreover, the numerical simulations and analysis for the models of stress indicate that the luminescent time is synchronous with the stress and the emission intensity is proportional to the value of stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that the cementitious material realizes visible stress monitoring and recording, which supplies new insights for exploring modern multi-functional building materials.
Early depressive symptoms and disability accrual in Multiple Sclerosis: a UK MS Register study
Authors: Jacobs Benjamin M. , Daruwalla Cyrus , McKeon Mollie O. , Al-Najjar Raghda , Simcock-Davies Andrea , Tuite-Dalton Katherine , Brown J. William L. , Dobson Ruth , Rodgers Jeff , Middleton Rod 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the associations and potential drivers of long-term disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is of clinical and prognostic value. Previous data have suggested a link between depression and disability accrual in MS. We aimed to determine whether depression in early MS predicts subsequent accrual of disability. Using data from the UK MS Register, we identified individuals with and without symptoms of depression and anxiety close to disease onset. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate whether early depressive or anxiety symptoms predict subsequent physical disability worsening, measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We analysed data from 862 people with MS of whom 134 (15.5%) reached an EDSS of ≥ 6.0. Early depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of reaching an EDSS of 6.0 (HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.49–3.95, p < 0.001), however this effect dissipated when adjusting for baseline EDSS (HR 1.40, 95% CI 0.84–2.32, p = 0.2). These data suggest that early depressive symptoms in MS are associated with subsequent disability accrual, but are likely the result of disability rather than its cause.
Association between visceral obesity, metformin use, and recurrence risk in early-stage colorectal cancer
Authors: Vedire Yeshwanth Reddy , Mukherjee Sarbajit , Dondapati Sumedha , Yendamuri Sai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe sought to investigate the association between visceral obesity with disease recurrence and survival in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We also wanted to examine if such an association, if exists, is influenced by metformin use. Stage I/II CRC adenocarcinoma patients treated surgically were identified. L3 level CT VFI (visceral fat index) was used as a metric of visceral obesity and was calculated as the proportion of total fat area composed of visceral fat. N = 492. 53% were males, 90% were Caucasians, 35% had stage I disease, and 14% used metformin. 20.3% patients developed a recurrence over a median follow-up of 56 months. VFI was associated with both RFS and OS in a multivariate model, but not BMI. The final multivariate model for RFS included an interaction term for VFI and metformin (p = 0.04). Confirming this result, subgroup analysis showed an increasing VFI was associated with a poor RFS (p = 0.002), and OS (p < 0.001) in metformin non-users only and metformin use was associated with a better RFS only in the top VFI tertile (p = 0.01). Visceral obesity, but not BMI, is associated with recurrence risk and poorer survival in stage I/II CRC. Interestingly, this association is influenced by metformin use.
Second-generation supraglottic airway in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: Lee Ja Eun , Kim Ha Yeon , Lee Kyo Won , Kim Gaab Soo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSupraglottic airway (SGA) may have advantages over endotracheal tube (ETT) regarding laryngospasm, coughing, sore throat, and hemodynamic changes; however, studies on the use of SGA in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) are lacking. Here, we aimed to confirm the safety and feasibility of second-generation SGA in LDN and compare them with those of ETT. Enrolled adult donors (aged > 18 years) who underwent LDN between August 2018 and November 2021 were divided into two groups—ETT vs. SGA. Airway pressure, lung compliance, desaturation, and hypercapnia were recorded during surgery. After propensity score matching for baseline characteristics and surgical duration, 82 and 152 donors were included in the ETT and SGA groups, respectively, and their outcomes were compared. The peak airway pressure was lower in the SGA group than in the ETT group 5 min after pneumoperitoneum. Dynamic lung compliance was higher in the SGA group than in the ETT group during surgery. There were no cases of intraoperative desaturation, hypercapnia, or postoperative aspiration pneumonitis. The use of second-generation SGA, a safe alternative to ETT for LDN, resulted in reduced airway resistance and increased lung compliance, which suggests its benefits for airway management in kidney donors.
Memory compensation strategies in everyday life: similarities and differences between younger and older adults
Authors: Radnan Madeleine J. , Nicholson Riley , Brookman Ruth , Harris Celia B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMemory compensation strategies serve an important role in everyday functioning, especially in the face of cognitive decline. Research on the external memory compensation strategies employed by older adults has focused almost entirely on non-digital tools. Less is known about how memory compensation strategies might have changed due to the rapid and widespread uptake of digital technologies. In the current research, 208 younger adults and 114 older adults freely reported what internal or external memory strategy or tool they would use to accomplish 20 different everyday memory tasks. Participants’ responses were coded as involving either internal (e.g. using a mnemonic) or external (e.g. writing a list) strategies, and then underwent further categorisation to classify types of internal and external strategies (e.g. digital or physical tool). Findings indicated that external strategies were much more prevalent than internal strategies for both younger and older adults, and that digital compensation strategies were prevalent for both age groups. There were age differences such that older adults reported more strategies overall, and were less likely to report digital tools, more likely to report physical tools, more likely to report environmental tools, and less likely to report social tools than younger adults. Positive attitudes to technology were associated with digital tool use for older but not younger participants. Findings are discussed in terms of existing theories and approaches to studying memory compensation strategies and cognitive offloading.
A simple model for pink noise from amplitude modulations
Authors: Morikawa Masahiro , Nakamichi Akika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe propose a simple model for the origin of pink noise (or 1/f fluctuation) based on the waves with accumulating frequencies. These waves arise spontaneously in a system with synchronization, resonance, and infrared divergence. Many waves with accumulating frequencies can produce signals of arbitrary small frequencies from a system of small size. This beat mechanism can be understood as amplitude modulation. The pink noise can appear after the demodulation process, which produces a variety of pink noise in many fields. The pink noise thus formed from the beat has nothing to do with dissipation or long-time memory. We also suggest new ways of looking at pink noise in earthquakes, solar flares, and stellar activities.
Oncostatin M is a regulator of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in UMR106 osteoblast-like cells
Authors: Münz Sina , Feger Martina , Föller Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRenal phosphate and vitamin D metabolism is under the control of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), an endocrine and paracrine factor predominantly produced in bone. FGF23 formation is stimulated by active vitamin D, or parathyroid hormone (PTH), which are further regulators of phosphate homeostasis. In renal, inflammatory, and other diseases, plasma FGF23 reflects disease stage and correlates with outcome. Oncostatin M is part of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family and regulates remodeling and PTH effects in bone as well as cardiac FGF23 production in heart failure via glycoprotein gp130. Here, we studied whether oncostatin M is a regulator of FGF23 in bone cells. Experiments were performed in UMR106 osteoblast-like cells, Fgf23 mRNA was determined by qRT-PCR, FGF23 protein by Western Blotting and ELISA, and oncostatin M receptor and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor gene knockout accomplished by siRNA. As a result, oncostatin M dose-dependently up-regulated Fgf23 expression and protein secretion. The oncostatin M effect on FGF23 was mediated by oncostatin M receptor and gp130 and involved, at least in part, STAT3 and MEK1/2. Taken together, oncostatin M is a regulator of FGF23 through oncostatin M receptor, gp130, as well as STAT3 and MEK1/2 in UMR106 osteoblasts.
Multi-level meta-analysis of whether fostering creativity during physical activity interventions increases their impact on cognitive and academic outcomes during childhood
Authors: Vasilopoulos Fotini , Jeffrey Holly , Wu Yanwen , Dumontheil Iroise 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeuroplasticity research supports the idea that varied practice and new environments promote cognitive engagement and enhance learning. Expanding on a meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity interventions on cognition and academic outcomes, we reviewed and quantified the impact of task and environmental factors that foster creative physical activity. Interventions were considered as fostering creative physical activity to a greater extent if (1) they were varied, (2) relied less on technical acquisition, instruction or demonstration, (3) involved open spaces, props, or open-ended instructions, and (4) involved interactions with peers. A wide range of physical activities were considered, from dance to aerobic exercise across 92 studies in 5–12-year-old children. Creativity ratings of physical activity interventions were varied but did not associate with greater beneficial effects on executive functions (k = 45), academic achievement (k = 47), or fluid intelligence (k = 8). Studies assessing on-task behaviour (k = 5) tended not to foster creativity, while reversely studies assessing creativity tended to foster creative physical activities (k = 5). As a group, three studies that fostered more creative PA showed a small significant negative summary effect on cognitive flexibility. Considering qualitative differences in the physical activities performed in schools will improve our understanding of their mechanisms of impact. Future research should consider using more varied measures, including more proximal outcomes that involve body movements (e.g., a Simon Says task to measure inhibitory control).