bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Critical Defect Sizes From Pore Clusters in Nickel-based Superalloys Using Automated Analysis and Casting Simulation
Authors: Bellomo Naomi Piera , Öztürk Irem , Günzel Michael , Reed Rachel , Sundar Veeraraghavan , Ammar Amine , Schwalbe Caspar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Porosity can form during investment casting as a result of the solidification conditions. Significant porosity can result in agglomerations (pore clusters) which are a primary crack initiation source and can result in reduced fatigue life of Nickel-based superalloys. Such clusters of porosity are today conventionally measured using 2D micrographs. An approach to accurately predict and analyze casting porosity from 2D cuts while facing in reality a 3D shape problem is currently missing. In this work, an approach that combines automation and simulation to assess the representative pore dimension, their interconnectivity and the porosity position is presented. On a LPT blade made of IN100, the porosity percentage and Feret diameter have been measured in multiple cuts and the porosity was found to be in the range of 0.88 to 5.4 pct. From the same micrographs the critical defect sizes were estimated with an automated tool to be in the range of 200 to 1800

$$\mu$$

μ

m. The simulated shrinkage porosity for the same part, was predicted to be in the range of 1.67 to 2.33 pct. This study shows that the scaling factor between the pore Feret diameter and the critical pore size is equal to 2.9, in accordance to the proportionality of critical pores size clusters calculated from a 2D and 3D dataset. Finally, the simulated casting porosity was compared to that measured on cast blades in critical regions and the predictive accuracy is discussed in detail.
Cytotoxic n-Hexane Fraction of the Egyptian Pteris vittata Functions as Anti-breast Cancer Through Coordinated Actions on Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways
Authors: Mohany Khalid M. , Abdel Shakour Abo Bakr , Mohamed Sara Ibrahim , Hanna Randa Samir , Nassar Ahmed Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigated the possible anticancer mechanisms of Pteris vittata [PV] n-hexane extract on MCF-7 [breast cancer cell line]. Cultured cell lines were treated with various concentrations of this extract ± Baf-A1 [autophagic inhibitor]. Cells’ viability, apoptotic markers [caspase-7, Bax, and Bcl-2], autophagic markers [light chain 3 [LC-3] and P62/SQSTM1]], and the tumor suppressor P53 and its mRNA were checked by their corresponding methods. Treated cell lines showed significant concentration and time-dependent reductions in cell viability in response to PV-n-hexane extract and also exhibited a concomitant induction of apoptosis [increased chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and pro-apoptotic Bax, and cleaved caspase-7 levels while decreased Bcl-2 levels] and autophagy [increased autophagosomes vacuoles, and LC3B II levels while decreased P62/SQSTM1 levels]. Moreover, PV-n-hexane extract-treated cells showed significant increases in the P53 and its mRNA levels. The addition of Baf-A1 reversed the PV-n-hexane extract autophagic effects and increased apoptotic cell percentage with a much increase in the cleaved caspase-7 and P53 protein and its mRNA levels. We concluded that the PV-n-hexane extract exhibits cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 cell line with significant reductions in cell viability and concomitant autophagy and apoptosis induction. Inhibition of autophagy in the PV-treated MCF-7 cells enhances apoptosis via a p35-dependent pathway.
Sedimentary deposits and bioturbation in an Early Cretaceous subarctic stormy greenhouse shelf environment
Authors: Leszczyński Stanisław , Warchoł Michał J. , Nemec Wojciech 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study of the Aptian lower part of the Carolinefjellet Formation in Svalbard, Norwegian high Arctic, is based on well cores and outcrop section in the Adventdalen area of Spitsbergen and reports on the deposits and bioturbation structures of an ancient subpolar marine shelf from a well-known period of global greenhouse climate. The study documents the sedimentation conditions and benthic fauna activity on a warm-water aggrading shelf subject to harsh Arctic wave climate and eurybatic base-level changes, with episodic bottom incursions of cold polar water. Lithofacies associations and 38 observed ichnotaxa represent subenvironments ranging from offshore to lower shoreface and hosting the Cruziana ichnofacies in its distal to proximal expression, with a brief mid-Aptian encroachment of middle shoreface zone with a distal expression of the Skolithos ichnofacies. The ichnofacies are variously impoverished compared to their archetypes. The sediment bioturbation intensity varies, but similar lithofacies associations show a comparable intensity throughout the stratigraphic succession, which indicates an ichnofauna ecology controlled by the seafloor hydraulic regime and oxygenation, and thus mainly by the wave climate and relative sea-level changes. Sandstone tempestites indicate high-frequency storms, commonly exceeding the magnitude of largest modern hurricane events. The study confirms that a change in global climate mode, such as the Early Cretaceous warming, entails extreme weather conditions.
Energy Efficiency of the Vulcanization Process of a Bicycle Tyre
Authors: Pentakota Lohit Kumar , Albertelli Paolo , Strano Matteo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe production of tyres is one of the most energy consuming manufacturing activities in the rubber sector. In the production cycle of a tyre, the curing operation has the maximum energy loss. This is mostly due to the extensive use of steam as a source of heat and pressure in the vulcanization process. To the author’s knowledge, no scientific work is available in the literature where the energy efficiency of a tyre vulcanization press is estimated by means of a comprehensive model of all main components, including the moulds, the press with its heated plates, the bladder and, of course, the tyre. The present work aims at filling this gap. First, the press used for developing the model is described, along with its components and its typical product, a bicycle tyre. The instruments used for measuring flow rates, temperatures and pressures are also listed. Then, a numerical model is presented, that predicts the energy transfers occurring in the vulcanization press during a full process cycle. The numerical model, developed with the software Simcenter Amesim 2021.1, has been validated by means of measurements taken at the press. The results indicate that the amount of energy which is actually consumed by the tyre for its reticulation process amounts to less than 1% of the total energy expenditure. The paper demonstrates that the tyre industry is in urgent need of an electrification conversion of the traditional steam-based processes.
Effects of powder properties on the 3D printing of BaTiO3 ceramic resins by stereolithography
Authors: Stefan Elena , Didriksen Terje , Sunde Tor Olav , Fontaine Marie-Laure , Ræder Henrik , Rørvik Per Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStereolithography is a layer-by-layer building fabrication technique enabling production of advanced ceramic 3D shapes that are not achievable by other methods. Critical parameters of stereolithography are associated with the preparation of a ceramic resin exhibiting suitable rheological and optical properties, as well as tunable curing property to achieve the desired level of resolution of complex 3D parts. However, tailoring the cure depth for each layer is challenging for functional ceramics due to their high refractive index giving increased light scattering. Here, the stereolithography 3D printing of BaTiO3 ceramic resins is investigated by employing a desktop 3D printer (λ = 405 nm) and a commercial base resin. The effects of two BaTiO3 powders with different size distributions (one micro-sized powder with grains in the range 1–20 µm, and one agglomerated nano-sized powder in the range 60–100 nm), on the viscosity and curing characteristics of the ceramic resins were investigated. It is shown that the nano-sized powder resulted in increased viscosity, increased scattering, and reduced cure depth compared to the micro-sized BaTiO3 ceramic resin. In general, the cure depth decreased with increasing ceramic loading. Successful prints were obtained for an overcuring of at least 40% between layers to assure good adherence between the layers. The printing properties of the ceramic resins from both powders were suitable for printing green parts with 50 µm layer thickness.
Histological characterization of wild cucumber resistance to Meloidogyne species
Authors: Ramatsitsi Ndivhuwo , Ramachela Khosi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing nematode resistant varieties is one of effective and environmental sound strategies being adopted in the management of economically important Meloidogyne species. Wild cucumber (Cucumis africanus) has been reported to possess resistance to Meloidogyne species. Two mechanism of nematode resistance, pre- and post-penetration resistance, had been identified, with post-penetration mechanism being used in plant breeding programs and crop rotation systems. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism of nematode resistance in C. africanus to M. incognita and M. javanica. 6 weeks old C. africanus seedlings were separately inoculated with 100 s-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita and M. javanica. For 30 days, five seedlings were harvested from both M. incognita and M. javanica experiments every other day. Seedlings’ roots were examined for necrotic spots, rootlet interferences, giant cells and root gall numbers as indicators of successful or unsuccessful nematode penetration. Harvesting times were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) on necrotic spot, rootlet interference and root gall numbers in both C. africanus—M. incognita and—M. javanica relations, but were not significant for giant cell number in C. africanus—M. incognita. The results suggested that C. africanus have post-penetration nematode resistance to both Meloidogyne species.
Statehood for Sale: Derecognition, “Rental Recognition”, and the Open Flanks of International Law
Authors: de Oliveira Victor S. Mariottini 
Published: March 2023

AbstractState derecognition, defined as the withdrawal of recognition from a putative state, has been more impactful as a diplomatic subculture in the last decades than is often assumed. Recent practice suggests that when states engage in derecognition, they do not mechanically assess whether a state no longer fulfils the traditional criteria for statehood, but rather employ derecognition as a tool of foreign policy, tailored to enhance their own economic and geopolitical interests. The bargaining dynamics of derecognition and “rental recognition” policies adopted by a range of smaller states create a precarious hostage-like situation for the targeted entities who helplessly watch their international status being traded in a recognition market. As the success of some claims to statehood risks beings reduced to a matter of pricing, a process of commodification emerges: state recognition is granted to the “highest bidder” regardless of factual reality or legal considerations. With this backdrop, the present paper seeks to clarify how international law conceptualizes derecognition and its hypotheses of legality, offering an overview of contemporary events of derecognition and expedient shifts in recognition to clarify the role and deficiencies of international law as it stands before the emerging phenomenon of “statehood commodification”
Telic for whom? The Lexical Underspecification Hypothesis
Authors: Rastelli Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Aspect Hypothesis (AH) claims that L2 beginners use the perfective morpheme first with telic predicates (e.g., ‘arrive’, ‘build the house’) and only later with atelic ones (e.g., ‘know’, ‘work’). In contrast, the Lexical Underspecification Hypothesis (LUH) claims that beginners cannot represent the lexical aspect of L2 predicates (hence the telic vs. atelic distinction), because this distinction is a separate component of verb meaning. To investigate whether L2 learners distinguish between telic and atelic predicates, this study compares the responses from 299 L2 Italian learners (with different L1 backgrounds) and responses from 91 native speakers (NS) to the “for/in + time span” adverbial test (Dowty 1979). The analysis shows that native speakers and L2 learners’ responses to the adverbial test diverge significantly, with learners’ proficiency and – to a lesser extent – L1 modulating their ratings. The results suggest that native speakers and beginning-intermediate L2 learners might not represent telicity alike, either because L2 aspectual competence is still developing or because beginning learners rely on the semantic representations of their L1. These findings support the predictions of the LUH and suggest caution when trying to assess learners’ aspectual representations.
Assessing 2019 Hurricane Harvey Recovery in Aransas County, Texas Through Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER)
Authors: Gutiérrez Tyler Carla , Salinas Albesa , Guevara Angel , Alva Herminia , Ruiz Mauro , Prot Emilie Y 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to assess recovery of Aransas County, Texas households 2 years after Category 4 Hurricane Harvey made landfall.

Methods:
A 2-stage cluster sampling method used to conduct a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) on May 3 - 4 and May 18 - 19, 2019. A household-based survey was administered through face-to-face interviews, selected through systematic random sampling using weighted analysis of the county population. Field teams collected 175 surveys (83.3% completion rate).

Results:
Approximately 57% households experienced repairable damage, 23% had destroyed homes, and 19% had minimal damage. 38% stated having ‘no need,’ 18% needed financial assistance, 16% needed household repairs, and over 8% had behavioral health needs. 17% experiencing a behavioral health concern were seeking services. Of the 35% of households who did not seek services, 14% felt there was no need, and 4% were not aware of the resources available.

Conclusions:
Households reported high levels of preparedness, but gaps remain in evacuation intention and behavioral health care access. CASPERs are effective in assessing long-term recovery of communities impacted by major disasters.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to COVID-19 and Its Determinants Among Prisoners, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Moges Sisay , Lajore Bereket Abrham , Mekango Dejene Ermias , Wontamo Tekle Ejajo , Erkalo Desta , Sadore Abinet Arega , Hanfore Lolemo Kelbiso , Tamrat Habtamu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may affect anybody, and prisoners are a susceptible group in terms of the risk of contracting infectious illnesses owing to a variety of situations such as overcrowding, confinement, and poor cleanliness. Therefore, this study aimed to assess prisoners’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of COVID-19 and its determinants in southern Ethiopia.

Method:
The Institutional cross-section study was conducted among 404 prisoners selected using simple random sampling obtained from the prisoner’s registration book. To collect data from prisoners, an interviewer-based face-to-face data-collecting technique was used. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to identify determinants of KAP toward COVID-19.

Results and Conclusions:
The majority of the prisoners had limited understanding and poor preventive strategies application toward COVID-19. Being male, living in a rural area, having a low educational standing, and being a farmer were related to limited knowledge, negative attitude, and poor practice toward COVID-19. Furthermore, having little understanding was linked with poor practice toward COVID-19. As a result, the focus should be on convicts, creating awareness, and addressing specific socioeconomic features of prisoners, as well as boosting COVID-19 preventive activities that should get attention in the prison.
Compensation and crash incidence: Evidence from the National Survey of Driver Wages
Authors: Ryley Walter T. , Belzer Michael H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCommercial motor vehicle driving is one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States. The production of most trucking services takes places on public roadways, which makes commercial motor vehicle safety a topic of concern for industry stakeholders, supply chain operations, policy makers, and the general public. This study explores the relationship between new employee driver compensation and for-hire interstate truckload motor carrier crash incidence. The results suggest that, all else constant, higher benefits are associated with fewer crashes. While mileage pay rates predict crashes, we find that higher mileage rates can be correlated with either higher or lower crash frequency – depending on the carrier’s existing starting pay level. This may be due to pernicious incentives created by piece-rate pay structures, because drivers who have more unpaid non-driving work time may earn a slightly higher mileage pay rate, which only partially compensates them for unpaid labour time. Regardless, these results suggest that compensation is an important predictor of safety and the existing pay practices in the industry may be unsafe. It also suggests that the role of compensation in motor carrier safety performance deserves further exploration with better quality data–especially full documentation of hours of work and pay rates.
The supervisor's paradox: Why different psychological contract types lead to varied supervisory mentoring
Authors: Shih Chih-Ting , Lin Cheng-Chen , Lee Chih-Jung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSupervisory mentoring represents a type of social dilemma called a delayed social fence. This study adopts a social dilemma perspective to examine how the three types of psychological contracts (balanced, relational, and transactional) perceived by supervisors differently influence their mentoring. Drawn on social dilemma perspective, we proposed that supervisory mentoring would be more likely to occur when supervisors perceived benefit return from their mentoring provision in a timely manner. The results obtained from a sample of 596 supervisor–subordinate matched data from the self-reported questionnaires completed by 225 sales agent teams in the insurance industry in Taiwan support our predictions. Consistent with the social dilemma perspective, supervisory mentoring is more likely among subordinates whose supervisors perceived balanced psychological contract, while supervisory mentoring is less likely among subordinates whose supervisors perceived transactional psychological contract. Furthermore, we found that supervisory mentoring is positively related to subordinate performance. Our mentor-centric multilevel framework helps identify the social dilemma nature underlying mentoring provision, and verify the positive influence of mentoring on protégé performance.
Spray from aircraft undercarriages at high speed—a model investigation
Authors: Barrett R. V. 
Published: March 2023

The ability to operate when runways are flooded or slush-covered to some degree, must be demonstrated during the certification programme of any new civil transport aircraft. Failure to meet the requirements laid down will result in operating restrictions which may jeopardise the sales prospects of the aircraft. Most other types of aircraft will also have to operate occasionally in these adverse conditions.The main problems result from the spray generated at the wheels, and are engine malfunction due to spray ingestion and damage due to its impingement on the airframe. An associated problem is the packing of slush into ducts, flap cavities, undercarriage bays, etc, with the attendant risks of damage to internal systems and jamming of mechanical parts. There is also a large additional drag load on the aircraft, due to the displacement of fluid by wheels and to spray impact on the airframe: this increases roughly in proportion to the depth and effectively limits the slush depth that can be tolerated on the runway. For many aircraft this limit is little more than one centimetre.
A feasibility study of using a high-definition intra-operative exoscope in teaching septorhinoplasty
Authors: Rosario E , Navaratnam A V , Ferguson M , Rennie C , Saleh H A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of using a high-definition intra-operative exoscope in teaching septorhinoplasty.MethodsThe exoscope was used in septorhinoplasty cases with different trainers and trainees. A high-definition screen displayed real-time, magnified images. Post-procedure, a questionnaire was completed by trainer and trainees, assessing the feasibility, safety and content validity of the exoscope as a septorhinoplasty training tool.ResultsTrainees and trainers assigned favourable ratings to all aspects of the exoscope as a training tool, particularly with regard to teaching anatomy and improving visualisation.ConclusionThe exoscope is a potentially effective training tool in septorhinoplasty, and is especially useful in improving visualisation, without restricting the operator. Annotatable intra-operative photographs and videos allow trainees to study cases outside of the operating theatre environment. The use of an exoscope for septorhinoplasty in the UK may facilitate increased hands-on involvement earlier in training than is currently typical.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as the initial presentation of mitochondrial disease in an infant born to a diabetic mother
Authors: Byun Jun Chul , Choi Hee Joung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by maternal diabetes, neonatal mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is rare and has a poor prognosis. We report an infant born to a mother with maternal diabetes with persistent ventricular hypertrophy, who was diagnosed with mitochondrial disease associated with m.3243A>G mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA leucine 1 gene. The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was his initial and only clinical presentation.
Transection and reimplantation of anomalous right coronary artery from single left coronary artery in a collegiate athlete
Authors: Kalustian Alyssa B. , Eilers Lindsay F. , Doan Tam T. , Reaves-O’Neal Dana , Molossi Silvana , Binsalamah Ziyad M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoronary artery anomalies may induce myocardial ischaemia and sudden cardiac death when associated with areas of compression or stenosis. We present a case of transection and reimplantation of an anomalous interarterial right coronary artery arising from a single left main coronary artery. The 18-year-old collegiate athlete had exertional chest pain and haemodynamically significant compromise to coronary blood flow.
Ginger Smock: Narratives of Perpetual Discovery, Jazz Historiography, and the “Swinging Lady of the Violin”
Authors: Risk Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGinger Smock (1920–95), an African American jazz and classical violinist, was a popular Los Angeles entertainer and one of the first African American women bandleaders on television. This article traces her career from Los Angeles’ Central Avenue to Las Vegas showroom orchestras, drawing on archival materials from the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. Through a close reading of a 1951DownBeatprofile of Smock, I interrogate racialized constructions of gender in that magazine and frame mid-century jazz reporting on women instrumentalists via a “narrative of perpetual discovery” that positions these women as waiting for a career break that never comes. As an antidote to the effacement implicit in such narratives, I propose close documentation of sustained artistic practice: That is, the day-to-day facts of a working musician's life. This article reads Smock's professional trajectory through an intersectional lens to offer a critical perspective on the ways in which social identities, especially race and gender, may shape both musical careers and our historicization of those careers.