bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the SAIS and AFQoL Scoring Systems for Predicting Fecal Continence and Quality of Life in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: A Cohort Study
Authors: Aboud Mohammed J 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Current ARM classification systems focus primarily on anatomical variations and surgical techniques but do not comprehensively address long-term functional outcomes and QoL impact. To address these limitations, we introduce two novel scoring systems in this study: 1- Sacral Anomaly and Incontinence Severity (SAIS) Score, a novel metric integrating sacral morphology (hypoplasia or agenesis) with incontinence severity to enhance the predictive accuracy of continence outcomes. 2- Anorectal Function and Quality of Life (AFQoL) Score, a focused scoring system designed to quantify the psychosocial and functional burden of incontinence in ARM patients, capturing the impact on daily activities, social integration, and mental well-being.
Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted at a single pediatric surgery unit, focusing on 157 patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs) operated on by (posterior sagittal anorectoplasy PSARP). Sacral Development Assessment (SAIS Score), sacral function was quantified using the Sacral Anomaly Index Score (SAIS): Hypoplasia (≤4 sacral vertebrae) and agenesis (≤2 sacral vertebrae) were determined via pelvic X-ray and MRI. Psychosocial impact and health-related QoL were evaluated using the Anorectal Malformation Quality of Life (AFQoL) score, assessing: Social limitations due to fecal incontinence, impact on daily activities, psychological distress, and self-perceived severity of symptoms. Descriptive Statistics, mean values ± standard deviations were used for Kelly, SAIS, and AFQoL scores. All analyses were performed using SPSS (v26.0) with statistical significance set at P = 0.05.
Results: SAIS ≥9 predicted severe incontinence with 91% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Optimal SAIS cutoff for predicting severe incontinence: ≥9 (92% positive predictive value). Optimal SAIS cutoff for predicting favorable continence: ≤3 (96% negative predictive value). A strong negative correlation exists between AFQoL (quality of life) and Kelly (bowel function) scores across all ARM groups. A significant correlation (r = 0.84, P < 0.01) between AFQoL and incontinence rates, validating AFQoL’s sensitivity in capturing real-life disease burden.
Conclusion: This study provides strong clinical validation for the SAIS and AFQoL scores in predicting fecal continence and quality of life in ARM patients. SAIS is a reliable predictor of incontinence severity, with higher scores (≥8) strongly correlating with poor bowel function. AFQoL effectively quantifies QoL impairment, demonstrating excellent predictive accuracy for severe psychosocial distress. These novel scores provide clinicians with objective, standardized, and actionable tools for risk stratification, patient counseling, and personalized treatment planning.
Quality Assessment and Evaluation in Traditional Landraces of Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Sala M. , Gokulakannan K. , Usharani K.S. , Sasikumar K. , Chandrika R. , S.Rajkumar  , Marappan Kumaresan 
Published: February 2025

After the Green Revolution, the increase in the choice of modern varieties at the expense of landraces has become a major cause of varietal loss. The preference, choice, and the economy of rice (Oryza sativa L.) largely depend on its physicochemical and cooking properties, which are found to be superior for landraces than modern varieties. This study aimed to evaluate 13 traditional rice landraces viz., Anaikomban, Bhavani, Karuthakkar, Bommi, Kaivara samba, Vadan samba, Kudavazhai samba, Sembalai, Valaguru, Kuzhiadichan, Kallundai, Sigappu Anai komban and Vaalan, assessing the variability for grain physiological and cooking quality characters which aim to promote the revival of old landraces. Variability studies were carried out to study the extent of variability for different physiological and cooking quality characters viz., grain length, grain breadth, grain L/B ratio, grain length before cooking, grain length after cooking, grain breadth before cooking, grain breadth after cooking, grain L/B ratio before and after cooking, linear elongation ratio, cooking time, alkali spreading value, water uptake and water absorption by weight. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the landraces for all the characters studied except alkali spreading value, water absorption by weight and water uptake. High GCV and PCV were recorded for traits like 100 grain weight, L/B ratio before cooking, L/B ratio after cooking and alkali spreading value. Moderate GCV and PCV recorded for traits viz., cooking time, grain elongation ratio, length before cooking, length after cooking, grain breadth before cooking and grain breadth after cooking. It indicates the availability of abundant variability present in rice landraces. Low GCV and PCV were recorded for traits like hulling percentage, water uptake. High heritability and high genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for the characters viz., Alkali spreading value, water absorption by weight, L/B ratio before cooking, L/B ratio after cooking, breadth after cooking and length after cooking, length before cooking, breadth before cooking, water uptake. Moderate heritability and moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for the characters viz., hulling percentage and 100 grain weight. Hence selection of these characters useful for quality improvement.
Multiscale Engineered Bionic Solid‐State Electrolytes Breaking the Stiffness‐Damping Trade‐Off
Authors: Hou Junyu , Sun Wu , Yuan Qunyao , Ding Longjiang , Wan Yanhua , Xiao Zuohui , Zhu Tianke , Lei Xingyu , Lin Jingsen , Cheacharoen Rongrong , Zhou Yunlei , Wang Shaolei , Manshaii Farid , Xie Jin , Li Wei , Zhao Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as next‐generation devices for energy storage due to their safety and high energy density. The issues of Li dendrites and poor mechanical compatibility with electrodes present the need for developing solid‐state electrolytes with high stiffness and damping, but it is a contradictory relationship. Here, inspired by the superstructure of tooth enamel, we develop a composite solid‐state electrolyte composed of amorphous ceramic nanotube arrays intertwined with solid polymer electrolytes. This bionic electrolyte exhibits both high stiffness (Young′s modulus=15 GPa, hardness=0.13 GPa) and damping (tanδ=0.08), breaking the trade‐off. Thus, this composite electrolyte can not only inhibit Li dendrites growth but also ensure intimate contact with electrodes. Meanwhile, it also exhibits considerable Li+ transference number (0.62) and room temperature ionic conductivity (1.34×10−4 S cm−1), which is attributed to oxygen vacancies of the amorphous ceramic effectively decoupling the Li‐TFSI ion pair. Consequently, the assembled Li symmetric battery shows an ultra‐stable cycling (>2000 hours at 0.1 mA cm−2 at 60 °C, >500 hours at 0.1 mA cm−2 at 30 °C). Moreover, the LiFePO4/Li and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Li all‐solid‐state full cells both show excellent cycling performance. We demonstrate that this bionic strategy is a promising approach for the development of high‐performance solid‐state electrolytes.
Ligand Engineering Regulation toward Zn Ions and Zn Substrate for All‐Climate Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhengchunyu , Xu Tianyang , Xu Kun , Jiang Zihan , Sun Di , Wang Cheng , Feng Jinkui , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe regulation of artificial interphase for advanced Zn anode is an effective solution to achieve superior electrochemical performance for aqueous batteries. However, the deployment of atomically precise architectures and ligand engineering to achieve functionalization‐oriented regulatory screening is lacking, which is hindered by higher requirements for synthetic chemistry and structural chemistry. Herein, we have first performed ligand engineering which selected zinc ion trapping ligands (−CH3) based on the coordination effect, and zinc substrate binding ligands (−N=N−C6H5) based on the electrostatic interaction. Correspondingly, octa nuclear Zn(II)‐Siloxane‐PhPz/BiPhPz/TriPhPz Cluster (OZSPC/OZSBPC/OZSTPC) are accurately synthesized, and OZSBPC is verified to serve as the most suitable artificial interphase via balancing the interactions with both Zn2+ and Zn substrate (“Zn−Zn effect”). Consequently, at −30 °C, the assembled OZSBPC‐Zn symmetric cells run for 3000 h and the assembled full cells with OZSBPC‐Zn anode could be stable for 10,000 cycles. The pouch cells using OZSBPC‐Zn anode deliver a reversible capacity of ~1.2 Ah and the energy density of 41 Wh kgtotal−1 with excellent cycling performance. The successful structural design of OZSBPC explores a novel well‐defined structural design concept as one criterion for artificial interface as well as motivates batteries systems to meet the requirements of industrialization.
Nanoconfinement‐Enabled Resistance to Water Matrix Components for Selective Degradation of Micropollutants
Authors: He Shaoxiong , Hu Zhuofeng , He Chun , Tian Shuanghong , Ouyang Gangfeng , Lin Zhiqun , Fang Jingyun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite recent substantial advances in water treatment, the ability to selectively degrade trace micropollutants in real waters with complex matrix components remains a grand challenge. Here we report rational crafting of graphene oxide (GO)‐wrapped defective TiO2 composite catalysts that creates nanoscopic confinement over the TiO2 surface within GO, thereby enabling the selective degradation of micropollutants through effectively excluding natural organic matter (NOM) and anions from the nanoconfined catalytic sites. In contrast to unconfined counterparts, the nanoconfined composite catalysts retain high degradation efficiency when exposed to various concentrations of NOM and anions, even in real water samples. Oxygen vacancies in TiO2 promote electron separation and oxygen adsorption, leading to a 4.9‐fold increase in hydroxyl radical concentration within the nanoconfined space compared to the bulk solution. In situ X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy unveil the nanoconfined catalytic sites on the TiO2 surface, where micropollutants smaller than the pores of GO are effectively degraded, while NOM with a larger size is excluded by GO. Furthermore, the formation of toxic disinfection byproducts is well controlled due to the exclusion of NOM. This work provides a simple yet viable strategy for designing 2D material‐wrapped catalysts to selectively degrade target micropollutants in complex real waters.
Stable Boundary Layers in an Arctic Fjord‐Valley System: Evaluation of Temperature Profiles Observed From Fiber‐Optic Distributed Sensing and Comparison to Numerical Weather Prediction Systems at Different Resolutions
Authors: Mack Laura , Kähnert Marvin , Rauschenbach Quentin , Frank Lukas , Hasenburg Franziska H. , Huss Jannis‐Michael , Jonassen Marius O. , Malpas Megan , Batrak Yurii , Remes Teresa , Pirk Norbert , Thomas Christoph K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStable boundary layers (SBLs) commonly form during the Arctic polar night, but their correct representation poses a major challenge for numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. To enable detailed model verification, we performed measurements of the lower atmospheric boundary layer with airborne fiber‐optic distributed sensing (FODS), a tethered sonde and ground‐based eddy‐covariance (EC) measurements during contrasting synoptic forcings in a fjord‐valley system in Svalbard. The FODS‐derived temperature variances and static stability profiles are used to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of different inversion types. The strong gradients of the inversions are accompanied by an increased temperature variance, which is related to enhanced buoyancy fluctuations. The observed vertical temperature and wind speed profiles are compared to two configurations of the HARMONIE‐AROME system with different horizontal resolutions at 2.5 and 0.5 km. The higher‐resolution model captures cold pool and low level jet formation during weak synoptic forcing, resulting in a well‐represented vertical temperature profile, while the coarser model exhibits a warm bias in near‐surface temperatures of up to 8 K due to underestimated inversion strength. During changing background flow, the higher‐resolution model is more sensitive to misrepresented fjord‐scale wind directions and performs less well. The results indicate the importance of the ratio between nominal horizontal model resolution and valley width to represent SBL features. Our results underline the substantial benefit of spatially resolving FODS measurements for model verification studies as well as the importance of model and topography resolution for accurate representation of SBLs in complex terrain.
Implications of a new clinical classification of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Boeddinghaus Jasper , Bularga Anda , Taggart Caelan , Wereski Ryan , McDermott Michael , Thurston Alexander J F , Ferry Amy V , Williams Michelle C , Baker Andrew H , Dweck Marc R , Newby David E , Chapman Andrew R , Lindahl Bertil , Mills Nicholas L ,   DEMAND-MI Investigators, Bularga Anda , Hung John , Daghem Marwa , Schulberg Stacey , Taggart Caelan , Wereski Ryan , Singh Trisha , Meah Mohammed N , Fujisawa Takeshi , Ferry Amy V , Chiong Justin , Jenkins William S , Strachan Fiona E , Semple Scott , van Beek Edwin J R , Williams Michelle C , Dey Damini , Tuck Chris , Baker Andrew H , Newby David E , Dweck Marc R , Mills Nicholas L , Chapman Andrew R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim
The diagnostic criteria for type 2 myocardial infarction identify a heterogenous group of patients with variable outcomes and no clear treatment implications. We aimed to determine the implications of a new clinical classification for myocardial infarction with more objective diagnostic criteria using cardiac imaging.

Methods
In a prospective cohort study, patients with type 2 myocardial infarction underwent coronary angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or echocardiography. The new classification was applied to identify (a) spontaneous myocardial infarction due to acute coronary pathology, (b) secondary myocardial infarction precipitated by acute illness in the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease, a new regional wall motion abnormality or infarct pattern scarring, and (c) no myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive disease or new myocardial abnormality.

Results
In 100 patients (65 years, 43% women) with type 2 myocardial infarction, the new classification identified 25 and 31 patients with spontaneous and secondary myocardial infarction, respectively, and 44 without myocardial infarction. Compared to patients without myocardial infarction, those with secondary myocardial infarction were older, had more risk factors, and higher troponin concentrations (P&lt;0.05 for all). During a median follow up of 4.4 years, death, myocardial infarction or heart failure hospitalization was more common in secondary myocardial infarction compared to those without myocardial infarction (55% [17/31] versus 16% [7/44], P&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
A new clinical classification of myocardial infarction informed by cardiac imaging would reduce the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in acute illness and identify those patients at highest risk who are most likely to benefit from treatment.

Clinical Trial Registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03338504
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Jiaxing City, China
Authors: Jia Miaomiao , Li Ping , Yan Yong , Liu Xuejuan , Gao Lei , Zhu Guoying , Chen Zhongwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Non-O1/non-O139 (NOVC) strains inhabit aquatic environments and sporadically induce human illnesses. This study involved the virulence and antimicrobial genetic characterization of 176 NOVC strains, comprising 25 from clinical samples and 151 from environmental sources, collected between 2021 and 2023. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the examined NOVC population was predominantly high, exhibiting only poor susceptibility to colistin, with 89.2% resistance. The examination of virulence genes revealed that the majority of strains were positive for glucose metabolism (als gene) (169/176, 96.0%). Through multilocus sequence typing, the 176 NOVC strains were categorised into 121 sequence types, 79 of which were novel. NOVC strains demonstrate significant genetic variability and frequently engage in recombination. This work offers genetic characterization of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance of a NOVC community. Our findings offer insights that may aid in the development of preventative and treatment methods for this pathogen.
Circulating Tumor DNA Detection for Recurrence Monitoring of Stage I Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Microwave Ablation
Authors: Cheng Lin , Xu Sheng , Wang Yu‐feng , Li Sheng‐wei , Li Bin , Li Xiao‐Guang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeAs microwave ablation continues to be used in patients with inoperable stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is particularly important to monitor efficacy. Whether plasma ctDNA detection can predict its efficacy should be illustrated.MethodsWe recruited 43 patients with inoperative stage I NSCLC, all of whom underwent biopsy‐synchronous microwave ablation (MWA). Peripheral blood samples were collected at baseline (n = 43), within 1 h post‐MWA (n = 28), and at the landmark time point (n = 26) for MRD detection. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsPatients with undetectable ctDNA at baseline (p = 0.042) and within 1 h after MWA (p = 0.023) had better clinical outcomes. In particular, patients with undetectable ctDNA at the 1‐h post‐MWA time point did not experience recurrence. Detection of ctDNA at the landmark time point is considered an independent risk factor for prognosis and is strongly correlated with clinical outcomes (p = 0.001), the median time to recurrence indicated by ctDNA was 4.9 months earlier compared to imaging. The clinical outcomes of patients with ctDNA clearance were similar to those with no ctDNA (p = 0.570). Risk stratification indicated that patients with persistent ctDNA had worse clinical outcomes compared to those who never had detectable ctDNA (p = 0.004).ConclusionOur findings suggest that ctDNA monitoring can assist in predicting clinical outcomes in stage I NSCLC treated with microwave ablation. Patients with undetectable ctDNA within 1 h after MWA are determined to be clinically cured. Risk stratification based on ctDNA test results helps to differentiate high‐risk patients.
Spatial Distribution Modelling of a Threatened Lion Population in Relation to Prey Populations in Niokolo‐Koba National Park, Senegal
Authors: Gueye Mallé , Pellaton Raoul , Diouf Assane , Mané Sawdatou , Turek Daniel , Leirs Herwig , Bertola Laura D. , de Iongh Hans 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe lion has experienced a major decline in its habitat and population size in recent years. This is explained by the transformation of its habitat and the reduction of its potential prey. Our study therefore focused on modelling its habitat and its prey and the analysis of its diet to contribute to its conservation in the Niokolo‐Koba National Park (NKNP). Elevation, annual precipitation, NDVI, land cover type, distance from large water bodies, prey availability, poaching pressure and livestock pressure were used as variables in modelling the lion habitat with MaxEnt software. The model obtained with the modelling of the lion habitat performs well, with an AUC of 0.96, and indicates that the most favourable habitat for the lion is located in the centre of the park. This distribution is influenced by elevation, annual rainfall, prey availability, poaching pressure and livestock pressure.
Vibration Suppression Based on Improved Adaptive Optimal Arbitrary-Time-Delay Input Shaping
Authors: Jiang Ruoyu , She Jinhua , Yin Xiang , Wu Lulu , Wang Feng , Kawata Seiichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vibration suppression is important for high-precision motion control because positioning accuracy is an essential figure of merit for a servosystem. The paper presents a vibration-suppression method based on improved adaptive optimal arbitrary-time-delay (IAOAT) input shaping. First, analyzing a conventional optimal-arbitrary-time-delay (OAT) input shaper yields an OAT input shaper with five pulses that completely suppresses two-mode vibrations when the natural frequency and damping ratio are exactly known. Next, embedding an adaptive algorithm in the shaper gives a conventional adaptive optimal arbitrary-time-delay (AOAT) input shaper that handles unknown natural frequencies and damping ratios. Note that the conventional AOAT input shaper contains five pulses that have to be updated, but the delay times of the pulses are prescribed. Then, the IAOAT method extends the symmetry of pulse amplitudes for zero damping ratio to a nonzero case and reduces the number of pulses to three. A recursive-least-squares (RLS) algorithm is devised to update these parameters. This shaper features the smallest number of parameters and high robust performance. Finally, comparisons with other input-shaping methods show the effectiveness and superiority of the developed method over others.
Towards a Theory of Compassion Fatigue in Palliative Care and Oncology: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Sinnathamby Annushkha , Ibrahim Halah , Ong Yun Ting , Ravindran Nila , Wan Darius Wei Jun , Tan Jun Hao , Abdul Hamid Nur Amira Binte , Somasundaram Nagavalli , Ong Simon Yew Kuang , Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha 
Published: January 2025

Background In their care of terminally ill patients, palliative care physicians and oncologists are increasingly predisposed to physical and emotional exhaustion, or compassion fatigue (CF). Challenges faced by physicians include complex care needs; changing practice demands, and sociocultural contextual factors. Efforts to better understand CF have, however, been limited. We propose a systematic scoping review (SSR) to determine “What is known about theories of CF in physicians?”. Methods Guided by the PRISMA-based Systematic Evidence-based Approach (SEBA) methodology, our SSR comprised searches for articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2023 on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Wiley, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases. Both thematic and content analyses were carried out. Results Of the 10 505 titles identified, 80 articles were included. 15 current theories of CF were evaluated, leading to two key domains: theories of CF and theories related to the costs of caring. Overall, theories of CF evolved from Figley’s model with gradual encompassing of moral distress, vicarious trauma and burnout, alongside the inclusion of individual characteristics, decisioning and nous in later theories. Conclusion CF was found to be part of a wider cost of caring that links clinical experiences with self-concepts of personhood and identity. The Ring Theory of Personhood has been able to shed light on how physicians will respond to such experiences and is key to guiding physician support and the creation of nurturing working environments.