bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual violence among young women in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, reporting and care-seeking behviuors
Authors: Idowu Ajayi Anthony , Alake Alex-Ojei Christiana , Opoku Ahinkorah Bright 
Published: April 2023

Background: Only a few studies, mostly hospital-based, have examined sexual violence among young people women in Nigeria. We examined the prevalence, correlates, perpetrators, reporting of and health-seeking behaviour for sexual violence using data of 395 young women (aged 17-24) obtained from a Nigerian university.
Methods: We selected participants using stratified sampling and defined sexual violence as sexual acts or attempts to obtain sexualacts by violence or coercion by any person irrespective of their relationship to the victim. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the data obtained.
Results: Our analysis shows that 39.5% of the respondents had experienced some form of sexual violence. Adequate family financial support was protective against sexual violence after adjusting for all background characteristics (AOR: 0.60 95% CI: 0.39-0.93). However, young women who use alcohol had higher odds of reporting sexual violence experience than those who never used alcohol. In most cases (78.5%), perpetrators were well known to the victims. Only 3.3% of sexual violence cases were reported to law enforcement agencies and just 13.1% of victims sought care from health providers.
Conclusion: Sexual violence occurs at a tragically high frequency, and victims rarely report incidents to law enforcement agencies or access the much-needed care. The findings suggest a need for interventions that address why victims of sexual violence rarely report to law enforcement or seek care.
Keywords: Sexual violence; rape; coerced sex; alcohol use; adolescents; young women; Nigeria.
Experiences of mental health problems vulnerability, psychological symptoms and coping mechanisms of displaced adolescents in North-east Nigeria
Authors: Prince David Onyekachi , Dammeyer Jesper , Musa Dangana Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

Background: At a global level the issue of forcible internal displacement appears to be somewhat growing. Most internally displaced persons in Nigeria are children and adolescents, but most of the existing literature and public debate focus on the experiences and outcomes of displaced adults.
Objective: We set out to explore the adverse conditions that increase vulnerability to mental health problems, and the psychological symptoms and coping mechanisms reported by internally displaced adolescents.
Methods: Using a qualitative approach, 15 adolescents recruited across three different displacement settlements were interviewed individually using a semi-structured interview format on their displacement experiences, and their adaptations to these experiences.
Results: The thematic analysis showed that, in addition to experience of mental health problems, vulnerabilities and profound psychological symptoms for some, displacement constituted a complex life-changing process for all. High-risk coping strategies such as ‘seeking support by begging’ and ‘transactional sex for exchange of need were predominantly adopted by female participants. Some participants demonstrated resilience by engaging in religious behavioural coping, which they considered necessary to mitigate their past traumatic memories.
Conclusion: Internally displaced adolescents’ experience of psychological symptoms and choice of coping mechanisms relate to their contextually perceived needs. Psychosocial support for these adolescents is recommended.
Keywords: Internally displaced adolescents; mental health; psychological symptoms; coping; Boko-Haram.
Effects of prenatal antibiotic treatment on early infant health: a retrospective study in a rural health facility in Ghana
Authors: Opoku-Agyeman Kwame , Kofi Tawiah Adu-Gyamfi Paa , Ansah Charles , Boadu Mensah Kwesi 
Published: April 2023

Background: Infant mortality remains a major developmental challenge in many low-income countries. Epidemiological evidence suggests that infant acquisition of maternal microbiome is essential for programming of immunity and metabolism. As such, irrational maternal antibiotic use may affect infant health.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of prenatal antibiotic use on early postnatal life (90 days) in a low-income community in Ghana.Methodology: The study was a retrospective study of 412 mother-baby pair medical records in a low-income community in rural Ghana.
Results: During the ninety-day period, the prevalence and relative risk of neonatal sepsis, respiratory disorders, and dermatitis were significantly higher in infants treated prenatally with antibiotics compared to untreated infants. Prenatal antibiotic treatment was not significantly associated with the risk of developing neonatal jaundice and conjunctivitis. However, prenatally antibiotic exposed infants were three times likely to visit the hospital for a non-scheduled/non-review treatment within the first 90 days compared to unexposed babies.
Conclusions: Intrapartum antibiotic treatment is associated with poor early infant health. Rationalizing antibiotic use during pregnancy may contribute to reducing infant mortality.
Keywords: Intrapartum antibiotic; microbiome; sub-Sahara Africa; neonatal sepsis.
Ginger supplementation for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Qun , Peng Ying , Chen Fangyuan , Dai Jianbo 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The efficacy of ginger supplementation remains controversial for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We conduct this meta-analysis to explore the influence of ginger supplementation versus placebo on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Methods: We have searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through November 2021 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of ginger supplementation versus placebo for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model.
Results: Four RCTs involving 177 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, ginger supplementation was associated with significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT, standard mean difference (SMD)=-0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.85 to -0.02; P=0.04), homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR, SMD=-1.14; 95% CI=-2.05 to -0.22; P=0.02), but revealed no obvious impact on aspartate-aminotransferase (AST, SMD=-0.66; 95% CI=-0.81 to 2.12; P=0.38), total cholesterol (SMD=-0.33; 95% CI=-0.67 to 0.02; P=0.06), low density lipoprotein (LDL, SMD=-0.30; 95% CI=-0.64 to 0.04; P=0.08) or body mass index (BMI, SMD=0; 95% CI=-0.41 to 0.40; P=0.99).
Conclusions: Ginger supplementation benefits to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Keywords: ginger; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; randomized controlled trials; meta-analysis.
Prevalence of acute kidney injury and its characteristics among neonates with suspected sepsis in a tertiary hospital in Kenya
Authors: Munyendo Catherine , Admani Bashir , Mburugu Patrick , Simba Justus , Lusweti Bernadine , Gachara Naomi , Laving Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Unique aspects of neonatal renal physiology enhance the occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as a complication of neonatal sepsis. The study sought to determine prevalence of AKI and its characteristics in neonates with suspected sepsis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital among neonates aged 0-28 days. AKI was defined as serum creatinine of more than 100μmmol/l.
Results: Among 332 neonates included 120 had AKI giving a prevalence of 36.1% (95% CI 31 to 41.6). Based on RIFLE criteria the commonest AKI presentation was Failure 72 (62.6%, 95% CI 53.6 to 71.6), followed by Injury 26 (22.6%, 95% CI 14.8 to 30.4) and then Risk 17 (14.8%, 95% CI 8.2 to 21.3). AKI was more common in neonates with suspected late onset sepsis (p=0.004). Maternal fever in the preceding week to delivery and presence of either puerperal sepsis or post-partum hemorrhage were significantly associated with severe AKI (p=0.004 and p=0.038).
Conclusion: Prevalence of AKI was high; those with suspected late onset sepsis were more likely to develop AKI compared to early onset sepsis. Presence of maternal fever preceding delivery and presence of either puerperal sepsis or postpartum hemorrhage were associated with severe forms of AKI.
Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury; Neonates; Neonatal Sepsis.
Studies on plasmids of multidrug resistant uropathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary hospital in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Nnedinma Iheanacho Juliet , Peter Antai Sylvester 
Published: April 2023

Background: Urinary tract Infections caused by multidrug resistant uropathogens have become a significant global public health problem with Nigeria being no exception.
Objective: This study is aimed at profiling and curing the plasmids of selected multidrug resistant uropathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary hospital in Calabar, Nigeria.
Methodology: Isolates were obtained from urine samples of patients using standard microbiological techniques. Multidrug resistant bacterial isolates were then selected for plasmid DNA analysis and curing.
Results: The study revealed that E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to the antibiotics tested. The extracted plasmid DNA showed the presence of TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes in the isolates with sizes of 400-600bp, 300bp and 500-800bp, respectively. All isolates possessed the SHV genes while few had TEM and CTX-M genes. Cells were subjected to curing and plasmid curing was achieved at 200-300μl of ethidium bromide.
Conclusion: The reduction in percentage resistance due to plasmid curing observed in this study suggests that the resistance of the isolates to antibiotics were plasmid-mediated. Antibiogram and monitoring of plasmid mediated resistance are necessary for proper management of urinary tract infections.
Keywords: Resistance; plasmid; UTI; uropathogens; curing.
Takayasu arteritis, an atypical presentation as chronic kidney disease
Authors: Neeraja Vijayan , Nakka Vihari , Mahadev Meena , Naresh Midha , Taruna Yadav , Varatharajan Sakthivadivel 
Published: April 2023

Takayasu arteritis, also known as “pulseless disease” usually affects major vessels like aorta and its branches, pulmonary arteries, and renal arteries. Hypertension is the common presentation. Chronic kidney disease involvement is less common. Only a few chronic kidney disease cases are reported so far in Takayasu arteritis. We discuss a case of a young female who presented with accelerated hypertension with chronic kidney disease with preserved peripheral pulses. The diagnosis was confirmed by Computed tomography aortic angiogram, which showed diffuse circumferential thickening, multifocal ectasia, and aneurysmal dilatation with few saccular outpouchings of the aortic arch, descending thoracic and abdominal aorta (Type V). The patient was treated with steroids, antihypertensives, antiplatelet, and hemodialysis.
Keywords: Takayasu arteritis; chronic kidney disease; thrombocytopenia.
A Review of the Digitalization of Agriculture in Nigeria
Authors: Izuogu Chibuzo Uzoma , Njoku Loveday Chukwudi , Olaolu Michael Olatunji , Kadurumba Philomina Chinyere , Azuamairo Gillian Chidozie , Agou Gabriel Daniel 
Published: April 2023

It has become difficult to articulate the impacts, needs and challenges of digitalization of agriculture due to the extensive nature of publications relating to the digitalization of the agricultural sector. This review evaluated the effect of digitalization of agriculture on improved food production and standard of living, identified the training needs of extension staff and clientele for digitalization of agriculture, and highlighted the challenges of digitalization of agriculture. From an initial search of 208 articles, only 87 articles met the inclusion criteria using the PRISMA guidelines. Most articles were published between 2016 and 2020; more studies were carried out in the South Western region of the country. Digitalization of agriculture has reduced the role of middlemen, provided opportunities for farmers to expand their markets, and improved the linkage between extension and research centers, and productivity and livelihood of small-scale farmers. Training needs for effective digitalization of agriculture were in skills, use of relevant digital services, digital privacy and security risks. Challenges of digitalization of agriculture were lack of technical skill, poor infrastructure and high cost of purchase and maintenance. The government should focus on initiating agricultural technology transfer programs and provide the necessary rural infrastructure to support the sector's digitalisation.
Causes Of Cassava Post-Harvest Losses Among Farmers In Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Anyoha Ndidi-Paschal Ogochukwu , Udemba Cornelia , Ogbonnaya Aja , Okoroma Emmanuel 
Published: April 2023

The study examined the causes of cassava post-harvest losses among farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 120 rural farmers using multistage, random and purposive sampling techniques. Data were analysed using percentage, mean and standard deviation. Findings from the study reveal that farmers frequently used mobile phone calls/SMS as their sources of information on cassava postharvest losses (x̄ =3.01) followed by the use of radio( x̄=2.5) The findings also revealed that farmers experienced different forms of post-harvest cassava losses at one point or the other. Physical loss was experienced by 95.64% of the respondent, economic loss (93.8%) and monetary loss (97.7%).The causes of cassava post-harvest losses included lack of finance ( x̄=3.56) poor storage (x̄ =3.46) pest and disease infection (x̄ =3.46) inappropriate harvesting time (x̄ =3.40) among others. Most of the causes of cassava post-harvest losses identified in the study area are serious. Cassava farmers should be granted credit facilities and been courage to form cooperatives to help raise the funds and get facilities needed to reduce post-harvest losses.
Prevalence and Determinants of Cyberbullying Perpetration among Adolescents in Rural and Urban Secondary Schools in Osun State South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Owoade I.A. , Adeomi A.A. , Akinyemi P.A. , Owoade A.F. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Cyberbullying is typically defined as aggression that is intentionally and repeatedly carried out in an electronic context against a person who cannot easily defend himself or herself. This study compared the prevalence and determinants of cyberbullying perpetration using the theory of planned behaviour among in-school adolescents in rural and urban secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study design was employed. Using a multistage sampling technique, a total of 722 and 711 respondents were recruited respectively across rural and urban secondary schools in Osun State. Data collection was by facilitated self-administered questionnaire while data analysis was with IBM SPSS version 20. Determinants of cyberbullying perpetration were assessed using binary logistic regression. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The preceeding three-month prevalence of cyberbullying perpetration was significantly higher in urban 220 (30.9%) than rural secondary schools 165 (22.9%), (p = 0.001). In terms of theory of planned behaviour, predictors of cyberbullying perpetration were similar in both locations: positive/favourable attitude towards cyberbullying perpetration [rural—OR = 1.645, 95%CI = 1.050-2.577, p = 0.030; urban—OR = 1.681, 95%CI = 1.107-2.552, p=0.015], having a high intention to perpetrate cyberbullying [rural—OR = 2.101, 95%CI = 1.336-3.305, p = 0.001; urban—OR = 1.819, 95%CI = 1.184-2.796, p = 0.006].
Conclusion: These findings indicate that engaging the adolescents in behavioural change communication interventions will foster negative attitude towards cyberbullying perpetration and promote positive coping mechanisms different from retaliation.
Prevalence and Factors associated with Respiratory Symptoms among Sawmill Workers in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria
Authors: Azees A.S. , Yunusa U.E. , Abdulfattah I. , Ezenwoko Z.A. , Temitayo-Oboh A.O. , Abiodun R.S. , Adesani-Olaosebikan M.S. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Dust exposure in sawmills predisposes workers to respiratory health problems with characteristic respiratory symptoms. This study assessed the prevalence and the factors associated with respiratory symptoms among sawmill workers in Sokoto state, North-West Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Sokoto State, Nigeria. A total of 360 respondents were recruited using a two-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using IBM® SPSS version 23. Categorical data were presented using frequencies and percentages, while the Chi-square test was used to test for association between respiratory symptoms and socio- demographic/work variables. Binary logistic regression was used to assess predictors of respiratory symptoms. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: The respondents' age ranged from 19 to 73 years, with a mean of 34.12 ± 10.2 years. A quarter 92 (25.6 %) of the workers smoked cigarettes. None of the workers had training on safety practices, and only a few 84 (23.3%) used personnel protective equipment (PPE). The most prevalent respiratory symptom was morning cough 164 (45.6%), followed by cough on exertion 143 (39.7%). Cigarette smoking (aOR = 3.96, 95%CI = 2.03-7.73, p <0.001) and loading of plank (aOR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.21-3.85, p = 0.01) were the only predictors of respiratory symptoms.
Conclusion: Periodic safety training and promotion of PPE use through education and advocacy and smoking cessation programs among sawmill workers will go a long way in reducing the burden of respiratory problems among them.
“Indigenous” Cooperatives Supporting SDGs Development in Indigenous Communities: a study of social and communication (Case: The Consumer Cooperative of Warga Sauyunan, Kampung Naga, Regency of Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Setiawan Wawan Lulus , Hidayatullah Kikin , Azizah Nurul , Prayusinar Fadya 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the role of cooperative, namely The Consumer cooperative of Warga Sauyunan, in supporting SDGs development in indegenous community at Kampung Naga, The Regency of Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. The kampong consists of 101 house-hold and 300 people. This study was based on the background of poverty issues as the main problem faced in Indonesian socio-economy, especially in rural areas, and the issue of sustainability of community development. Cooperative development program could be seen as one effort to reduce poverty through community based development (CBD) by paying attention to the SDGs principles . This study used desciptive method. This research resulted in some findings: (1) cooperative could support the indegenous community in Kampung Naga by promoting their economy, and by strengthening social ties and network in the communities, (2) cooperative practice and principles are in line with the social values and princples of the community in which they always keep the harmonious relationship with the nature, (3) indegenous communication pattern of the community is the local wisdom which support cooperative development in indegenous community and SDGs principle. This research has implications for policies of developing the cooperative development program for other indegenous communities in Indonesia. It also has implication on the adoption of cooperative concept and principles by indegenous people as a new mind-set for more productive, valuable and sustainable development.
Schoolchildren's Lifestyle and Behaviors Relating to Obesity: Collaborative Study in Urban Uganda
Authors: Ogata Ai , Wambuzi Fred , Nakirya Brenda D. , Onzima Alex 
Published: April 2023

Context: Child obesity, one of the major contributors to noncommunicable diseases in developing countries, is rising following drastic economic growth and lifestyle changes. In Uganda, noncommunicable diseases as a cause of death have increased from 15% in 1990 to 35% in 2019.
Aim: The study aimed to investigate schoolchildren’s obesity status, lifestyle behaviors, and the factors of obesity in urban Uganda.
Methods: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative design. The survey using the researcher-developed questionnaire and physical measurement tools for 330 children aged 9 to 11 years old in 6 elementary schools in urban Uganda in November 2018. The Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing Institutional Review Board approved this study (Approval Number: 2018-066).
Results: Obesity status among schoolchildren in urban Uganda was 67.6% normal, 25.2% underweight, 5.4% overweight, and 1.8% obese.
Conclusion: Obesity and overweight have not been predominant in this population. However, children's growth must be carefully monitored to prevent future overweight and obesity due to the limited availability of school health services and rapid lifestyle changes. Demographic factors associated with obesity status (waist-hip ratio, body fat, and body mass index) were gender, financial access to food, screen time, sleep time, and sleep hours. Based on this study in Uganda, the researchers expect to develop further collaborative child obesity prevention projects.
The Effect of Digital Financial Inclusion on Bank Efficiency
Authors: Muharsito Murharsito , Muharam Harjum 
Published: April 2023

The growing development of digital technology has profoundly alter the financial industry. This paper would like to investigate the effect of the digital financial inclusion on the bank efficiency. The digital financial inclusion will be measured by the digital payment, while the bank efficiency by the lending-deposit spread. Based on the country level data from Global Financial Development Index database issued by The World bank, this paper found the significant effect of digital financial inclusion on the bank efficiency. This result reflects the importance of financial inclusion in the digital form on the improvement of performance of banking sector.
A test of the social withdrawal syndrome hypothesis of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Rotenberg Ken , Manley Emma , Mee Sarah 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe study examined the social withdrawal syndrome (SWS) hypothesis of bulimia nervosa (BN). According to the hypothe-sis, eating disorders such as BN are associated with a coherent set of social withdrawal cognitions, affect, and behavior.Participants and procedureEight-eight young female adults completed a standardized measure of bulimic symptoms and measures of social with-drawal (affective withdrawal, trust beliefs in close others, and disclosure). Participants were engaged in a laboratory-based peer interaction which yielded the SWS measure of perceived lack of social connectiveness.ResultsBulimic symptoms were associated with each measure of social withdrawal. Structural equation modeling analysis con-firmed that those measures contributed to a coherent latent factor which was associated with bulimic symptoms.ConclusionsThe findings supported the social withdrawal syndrome hypothesis of BN and have implications for the detection and treatment of eating disorders.