bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Hearing Loss With Anatomical and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: An You Young , Lee Eek-Sung , Lee Se A , Choi Joon Ho , Park Jung Mi , Lee Tae-Kyeong , Kim Hajoon , Lee Jong Dae 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceHearing loss is the most important modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment; however, the association of hearing loss with anatomical and functional connectivity is not fully understood. This association may be elucidated by evaluating the findings of newer imaging technologies.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of hearing loss with anatomical and functional connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by using multimodal imaging technology.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a prospective cross-sectional study of patients with MCI under the care of a neurology clinic at the Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital (Republic of Korea) from April to September 2021. Data were analyzed from April 1 to June 30, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPure tone averages (PTA) and word recognition scores were used to measure hearing acuity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography scans of the brain were used to assess functional and anatomical connectivity. Results of diffusion MRI, voxel- and surface-based morphometric imaging, and global brain amyloid standardized uptake ratio were analyzed. Neuroimaging parameters of patients with MCI plus hearing loss were compared with those of patients with MCI and no hearing loss. Correlation analyses among neuroimaging parameters, PTA, and word recognition scores were performed.ResultsOf 48 patients with MCI, 30 (62.5%) had hearing loss (PTA &amp;gt;25 dB) and 18 (37.5%) did not (PTA ≤25 dB). Median (IQR) age was 73.5 (69.0-78.0) years in the group with hearing loss and 75.0 (65.0-78.0) years in the group with normal hearing; there were 20 (66.7%) and 14 (77.8%) women in each group, respectively. The group with MCI plus hearing loss demonstrated decreased functional connectivity between the bilateral insular and anterior divisions of the cingulate cortex, and decreased fractional anisotropy in the bilateral fornix, corpus callosum forceps major and tapetum, left parahippocampal cingulum, and left superior thalamic radiation. Fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum forceps major and bilateral parahippocampal cingulum negatively correlated with the severity of hearing loss shown by PTA testing. The 2 groups were not significantly different in global β-amyloid uptake, gray matter volume, and cortical thickness.Conclusion and RelevanceThe findings of this prospective cross-sectional study suggest that alterations in the salience network may contribute to the neural basis of cognitive impairment associated with hearing loss in patients who are on the Alzheimer disease continuum.
Combined RBE and OER optimization in proton therapy with FLUKA based on EF5‐PET
Authors: Henjum Helge , Dahle Tordis Johnsen , Mairani Andrea , Pilskog Sara , Stokkevåg Camilla , Boer Camilla Grindeland , Redalen Kathrine Røe , Minn Heikki , Malinen Eirik , Ytre‐Hauge Kristian Smeland 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionTumor hypoxia is associated with poor treatment outcome. Hypoxic regions are more radioresistant than well‐oxygenated regions, as quantified by the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER). In optimization of proton therapy, including OER in addition to the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) could therefore be used to adapt to patient‐specific radioresistance governed by intrinsic radiosensitivity and hypoxia.MethodsA combined RBE and OER weighted dose (ROWD) calculation method was implemented in a FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) based treatment planning tool. The method is based on the linear quadratic model, with α and β parameters as a function of the OER, and therefore a function of the linear energy transfer (LET) and partial oxygen pressure (pO2). Proton therapy plans for two head and neck cancer (HNC) patients were optimized with pO2 estimated from [18F]‐EF5 positron emission tomography (PET) images. For the ROWD calculations, an RBE of 1.1 (RBE1.1,OER) and two variable RBE models, Rørvik (ROR) and McNamara (MCN), were used, alongside a reference plan without incorporation of OER (RBE1.1).ResultsFor the HNC patients, treatment plans in line with the prescription dose and with acceptable target ROWD could be generated with the established tool. The physical dose was the main factor modulated in the ROWD. The impact of incorporating OER during optimization of HNC patients was demonstrated by the substantial difference found between ROWD and physical dose in the hypoxic tumor region. The largest physical dose differences between the ROWD optimized plans and the reference plan was 12.2 Gy.ConclusionThe FLUKA MC based tool was able to optimize proton treatment plans taking the tumor pO2 distribution from hypoxia PET images into account. Independent of RBE‐model, both elevated LET and physical dose were found in the hypoxic regions, which shows the potential to increase the tumor control compared to a conventional optimization approach.
Messenger Materials Moving Forward: The Role of Functional Polymer Architectures as Enablers for Dynamic Nano‐to‐Macro Messaging
Authors: Besford Quinn A. , Rossner Christian , Fery Andreas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdentifying changes in the nanoscopic domain is a key challenge in the physicochemical sciences, where great interest is on sensing complex processes that involve cellular biochemical reactions, chemical heterogeneities, contact forces, and other interfacial phenomena. This has stimulated the development of diverse materials that allow subtle nanoscopic environments to be "seen". The challenge in the nano‐domain has always been the ability to sense changes on the minute scale and rapidly transduce the information out for macroscopical observation. Ideally, materials should inform when processes are occurring. Recently, new systems that leverage established concepts with fluorescence‐ and plasmonic‐based sensing have been devised, which has reinvigorated the domain, where functional polymers coupled in specific architectures to transducing motifs allow for a new basis of messenger materials to be realized. The key aspect in this regard is that the polymers allow for sensing to be achieved only when they are carefully coupled to the amplification system. In this perspective, the role of specific functional polymer architectures for the realization of nano‐to‐macro sensing of subtle nano‐messengers is discussed and where the exciting field of messenger materials is seen moving forward is pointed out.
Four‐In‐One Strategy to Boost the Performance of Nax[Ni,Mn]O2
Authors: Zhang Shiguang , Li Xinyan , Su Yun , Yang Yang , Yu Hao , Wang Haibo , Zhang Qing , Lu Yaxiang , Song Dawei , Wang Shanfeng , Zhang Qinghua , Rong Xiaohui , Zhang Lianqi , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance layered oxide cathode materials are vital to the industrialization of Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and facile production. These materials, however, suffer from complicated phase transitions and poor capacity retention cycling. The modifying impacts of classic strategies, such as doping and coating, are generally restricted. Herein, a rational four‐in‐one strategy to boost the overall performance of Nax[Ni,Mn]O2 materials by innovative composition design and elegant synthesis management is provided. After modification, the half‐cell capacity retention rate increases from 45% to 77% after 250 cycles at 1 C rate. The capacity of the full cells is maintained at 83% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C rate. This four‐in‐one strategy, which encompasses optimization of the energy band structure, ion diffusion, crystal structure, and particle morphology, sheds new insight into the overall optimization of cathode materials for NIBs.
Spintronic State‐Induced Interface Reconfiguration of 2H‐Perovskite Related Oxides for Pseudocapacitance Increase
Authors: Liang Tingting , Hou Ruilin , Zhang Xiaqing , Yang Bingjun , Yang Bao , Yang Shengrong , Zhang Xu , Yan Xingbin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerovskite oxides are able to realize pseudocapacitive energy storage through oxygen anion intercalation. Herein, it is demonstrated that, based on the three 2H‐perovskite related oxides Sr6Co5O15‐x, Sr5Co4O12‐x, and Sr5Co3NiO12‐x as the research objects, metal oxyhydroxides generated through surface reconfiguration during electrochemical processes can contribute extra capacity besides the oxygen‐anion intercalation. This is because the electron spin state controlled by the transition metal valence state in the pseudo trigonal prisms for the 2H‐perovskite structure will affect the Jahn–Teller (JT) distortion. The strong JT distortion of Co2+ and Ni3+ would elongate metal‐O bonds, thereby helping the formation of metal oxyhydroxides on the surface of the pristine material. Among the three 2H‐perovskite related oxides, the specific capacity of Sr5Co3NiO12‐x having the most Co2+ and Ni3+ contents showed the highest capacity increase. This study will provide a promising pathway to develop advanced perovskite‐like oxide pseudocapacitive materials.
Accelerated Sulfur Evolution Reactions by TiS2/TiO2@MXene Host for High‐Volumetric‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Viet Phuong , Park Ji Su , Shim Hyung Cheoul , Yuk Jong Min , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Kim Duckjong , Lee Seung‐Mo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe poor cycling stability and low volumetric energy density of lithium–sulfur batteries compared with lithium‐ion batteries are hindering their practical applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a dense sulfur electrode containing heavy TiS2/TiO2@MXene heterostructures can tackle these issues. It is observed that the TiO2 part functionally anchors the lithium polysulfides through the strong chemical affinity, and the TiS2 part serves as an efficient electrocatalyst to enhance the kinetics of sulfur evolution reactions. Benefitting from these synergistic effects, the TiS2/TiO2@MXene heterostructures effectively suppress the shuttle effects, leading to superior cyclability of the sulfur cathode with a low capacity decay of 0.038% per cycle for 500 cycles at a current rate of 1 C. More encouragingly, a highly dense S/TiS2/TiO2@MXene cathode exhibits a high volumetric energy density of 2476 Wh L−1 (based on the volume of the composite) at a high sulfur mass loading of 7.5 mg cm−2 and lean electrolyte of 5 µL mg−1. The electrochemical performance is comparable to or even superior to the lithium‐ion and lithium–sulfur batteries reported in the literature. This study provides an effective strategy to design stable and high‐volumetric‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur batteries for practical energy storage applications.
Small Ceria Nanoclusters with High ROS Scavenging Activity and Favorable Pharmacokinetic Parameters for the Amelioration of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Yang Lu , Zou Ling , Yang Wang , Liu Qingshan , Zhang Anwei , Cao Jiang , Shi Guangyou , He Jian , Yang Xiaochao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Organic ROS scavengers currently used for CKD treatment do not satisfy low dosage and high efficiency requirements. Ceria nanomaterials featured with renewable ROS scavenging activity are potential candidates for CKD treatment. Herein, a method for the synthesis of ceria nanoclusters (NCs) featured with small size of ≈1.2 nm is reported. The synthesized NCs are modified by three hydrophilic ligands with different molecular weights, including succinic acid (SA), polyethylene glycol diacid 600 (PEG600), and polyethylene glycol diacid 2000 (PEG2000). The surface modified NCs exhibit excellent ROS scavenging activity due to the high Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio in their crystal structures. Compared with bigger‐sized ceria nanoparticles (NPs) (≈45 nm), NCs demonstrate smoother blood concentration‐time curve, lower organ accumulation, and faster metabolic rate superiorities. The administration of NCs to CKD mice, especially PEG600 and PEG2000 modified NCs, can effectively inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation, renal fibrosis, and apoptosis in their kidneys. Due to these benefits, the constructed NCs can ameliorate the progression of CKD. These findings suggest that NCs is a potential redox nanomedicine for future clinical treatment of CKD.
Preclinical Development and Validation of Translational Temperature Sensitive Iodized Oil Emulsion Mediated Transcatheter Arterial Chemo‐Immuno‐Embolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Heegon , Choi Bongseo , Mouli Samdeep K. , Choi Hyunjun , Harris Kathleen R. , Kulik Laura M. , Lewandowski Robert J. , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein a practical strategy for augmenting immune activation in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is presented. Pluronic F127 (PF127) is incorporated with Lipiodol (LPD) to achieve safe and effective delivery of therapeutic agents during transcatheter intra‐arterial (IA) local delivery. Enhanced emulsion stability, IA infusion, embolic effect, safety, pharmacokinetics, and tumor response of Doxorubicin loaded PF127‐LPD (Dox‐PF127‐LPD) for TACE in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical VX2 liver cancer rabbit model and N1S1 HCC rat model are demonstrated. Then, transcatheter arterial chemo‐immuno‐embolization (TACIE) combining TACE and local delivery of immune adjuvant (TLR9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide) is successfully performed using CpG‐loaded Dox‐PF127‐LPD. Concurrent and safe local delivery of CpG and TACE during TACIE demonstrate leveraged TACE‐induced immunogenic tumor microenvironment and augment systemic anti‐tumor immunity in syngeneic N1S1 HCC rat model. Finally, the broad utility and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of TACIE are validated in the diethylnitrosamine‐induced rat HCC model. TACIE using clinically established protocols and materials shall be a convenient and powerful therapeutic approach that can be translated to patients with HCC. The robust anti‐cancer immunity and tumor regression of TACIE, along with its favorable safety profile, indicate its potential as a novel localized combination immunotherapy for HCC treatment.
Hybrid Polypyrrole and Polydopamine Nanosheets for Precise Raman/Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Geng Hongya , Lupton Emily J. , Ma Yun , Sun Rujie , Grigsby Christopher L. , Brachi Giulia , Li Xiaorui , Zhou Kun , Stuckey Daniel J. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of near‐infrared light responsive conductive polymers provides a useful theranostic platform for malignant tumors by maximizing spatial resolution with deep tissue penetration for diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Herein, the self‐assembly of ultrathin 2D polypyrrole nanosheets utilizing dopamine as a capping agent and a monolayer of octadecylamine as a template is demonstrated. The 2D polypyrrole‐polydopamine nanostructure has tunable size distribution which shows strong absorption in the first and second near‐infrared windows, enabling photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. The hybrid double‐layer is demonstrated to increase Raman intensity for 3D Raman imaging (up to two orders of magnitude enhancement and spatial resolution up to 1 µm). The acidic environment drives reversible doping of polypyrrole, which can be detected by Raman spectroscopy. The combined properties of the nanosheets can substantially enhance performance in dual‐mode Raman and photoacoustic guided photothermal therapy, as shown by the 69% light to heat conversion efficiency and higher cytotoxicity against cancer spheroids. These pH‐responsive features highlight the potential of 2D conductive polymers for applications in accurate, highly efficient theranostics.
Progress and Perspective toward Continuous‐Wave Organic Solid‐State Lasers
Authors: Tang Xun , Senevirathne Chathuranganie A. M. , Matsushima Toshinori , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA continuous‐wave (CW) organic solid‐state laser is highly desirable for spectroscopy, sensing, and communications, but is a significant challenge in optoelectronics. The accumulation of long‐lived triplet excitons and relevant excited‐state absorptions, as well as singlet–triplet annihilation, are the main obstacles to CW lasing. Here, progress in singlet‐ and triplet‐state utilizations in organic gain media is reviewed to reveal the issues in working with triplets. Then, exciton behaviors that inhibit light oscillations during long excitation pulses are discussed. Further, recent advances in increasing organic lasing pulse widths from microseconds toward the indication of CW operation are summarized with respect to molecular designs, advanced resonator architectures, triplet scavenging, and potential triplet contribution strategies. Finally, future directions and perspectives are proposed for achieving stable CW organic lasers with significant triplet contribution.
The Myth of “Metavalency” in Phase‐Change Materials
Authors: Jones Robert O. , Elliott Stephen R. , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhase‐change memory materials (PCMs) have unusual properties and important applications, and recent efforts to find improved materials have focused on their bonding mechanisms. “Metavalent bonding” or “metavalency,” intermediate between “metallic” and “covalent” bonding and comprising single‐electron bonds, has been proposed as a fundamentally new mechanism that is relevant both here and for halide perovskite materials. However, it is shown that PCMs, which violate the octet rule, have two types of covalent bond: two‐center, two‐electron (2c‐2e) bonds, and electron‐rich, multicenter bonds (3c‐4e bonds, hyperbonds) involving lone‐pair electrons. The latter have bond orders less than one and are examples of the century‐old concept of “partial” bonds.
“Trojan Horse” Phototheranostics: Fine‐Engineering NIR‐II AIEgen Camouflaged by Cancer Cell Membrane for Homologous‐Targeting Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Phototherapy
Authors: Cui Jie , Zhang Fei , Yan Dingyuan , Han Ting , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultimodal phototheranostics on the basis of a single molecule with one‐for‐all characteristics represents a convenient approach for effective cancer treatment. In this report, a versatile molecule featured by aggregation‐induced emission, namely DHTDP, synchronously enabling second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence emission and efficient photothermal conversion is developed by elaborate structural modulation. By camouflaging DHTDP nanoparticles with cancer cell membrane, the resultant biomimetic nanoparticles exhibit significantly both facilitated delivery efficiency and homologous targeting capability, and afford precise imaging guidance and maximize therapeutic outcomes in form of NIR‐II fluorescence imaging (FLI)–photoacoustic imaging (PAI)–photothermal imaging (PTI) trimodal imaging‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT). This study presents the first example of biomimetic multimodal phototheranostics loaded by homogeneity‐targeting cell membrane, thus brings a new insight into the exploration of superior phototheranostics for practical cancer theranostics.
Purely Nitrogen‐Based Multi‐Resonance Deep‐Blue Emitter with an Ultralow y Color Coordinate of < 0.03 via Rationally Intramolecular Charge Transfer
Authors: Luo Ming , Li Wei , Du Songyu , Zhang Jiasen , Wang Zhichuan , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Yong , Ge Ziyi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor purely nitrogen‐based multi‐resonance emitters (N‐MR), strategies to integrate emission modulation with high color purity remain exclusive, especially in near‐ultraviolet (NUV) regions. Herein, it is demonstrated for the first time that rationally introducing weak intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) to the MR skeleton to modulate the emission from violet to deep‐blue while retaining high color purity is feasible. By replacing the middle phenyl moiety with the pyridine or benzonitrile unit in the solely nitrogen‐based violet MR skeleton of tDIDCz, two proof‐of‐concept emitters, Nm‐ICz and CNm‐ICz, emphasizing mixed excited states of localized excited (LE) transition from the original MR skeleton and emergent transition channel with charge‐transfer (CT) character, successfully realize bathochromic‐shift and polarity‐insensitive fluorescence from 395 nm to 404–407 and 419–421 nm, respectively, while retaining small full‐width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) of 28–37 and 33–43 nm (214‐281 and 237–310 meV). Furthermore, Nm‐ICz shows bright and violet electroluminescence (EL) spectrum with the peak at 412 nm, while CNm‐ICz shows high color purity deep‐blue EL spectrum with the peak at 427 nm, a small FWHM of 42 nm (286 meV), an ultralow y color coordinate of 0.027, and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 3.7%.
Electrosynthesis of Thiocyanated/Iodinated/Brominated Pyrazol‐5‐amines and Thiocyanated Enamines via C(sp2)−H Functionalization
Authors: Qian Peng , Jiang Siqi , Zhang Wenbao , Zhang Hui , Ma Yuhan , Li Na , Sheng Liangquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn electrochemical method for the C(sp2)−H thiocyanation of pyrazol‐5‐amines and enamines were developed in an undivided cell. A variety of thiocyanated pyrazol‐5‐amine and enamine derivatives were accessed in 36–91% yields, employing thiocyanate salts as electrolyte and thiocyanating reagent. Moreover, this electrochemical protocol can be extended to the synthesis of various iodinated and brominated pyrazol‐5‐amine derivatives in 51–95% yields. This electrochemical protocol does not require a metal or external chemical oxidants and tolerates unprotected amino groups.
212 Co‐delivery of Vitamin D3 and Antigens by Nanoparticles Enhances Immune Tolerance through Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in vivo
Authors: Gao Xue , Cong Xiuxiu , Li He , Mao Kuirong , Wang Haorui , Lin Guojiao , Wang Jialiang , Liu Feiqi , Zhu Ge , Tan Huizhu , Zhang Yuning , Sun Liguang , Yang Yong‐Guang , Sun Tianmeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) induces regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and promotes immune tolerance. However, the effective generation of tDCs in vivo to treat autoimmune diseases remains a significant challenge. In this study, the potential of 1α, 25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) is explored, which has been shown to promote tDCs differentiation in vitro, to induce tDCs in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To overcome the poor solubility of VD3 and induce autoantigen‐specific Tregs, a PLGA‐PEG‐based nano‐drug delivery system is prepared to co‐deliver VD3 and myelin‐oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptides. It is found that intradermal (i.d.) injection of NP/VD3/MOG significantly enhanced the level of antigen‐specific Tregs in vivo. Furthermore, NP/VD3/MOG remarkedly delayed the onset, reduced the severity, and promoted the recovery of EAE mice. This study provides an effective strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.