bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a new 3D‐printed tooth model allowing preoperative ICDAS assessment and caries removal
Authors: Ballester Benoit , Pilliol Virginie , Allaerd Perrine , Jacquot Bruno , Guivarc'h Maud 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionTeaching caries lesion management with operative care requires tooth models with highly realistic anatomical detail and caries lesions that can be assessed using ICDAS. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a new 3D‐printed teeth model for ICDAS assessment and caries removal for pre‐clinical hands‐on education.MethodsPrintable tooth with different layers for enamel, dentin and carious lesions was designed and tested by 31 dental students. They were asked to visually and radiologically assess the ICDAS severity of the simulated carious lesions, establish the therapeutic strategy according to CariesCare 4D, and perform a qualitative assessment of the models based on five‐point Likert scale items.ResultsConcerning carious lesions, the texture was realistic, and the shade was adequate for 94% and 97% of the participants. Ninety per cent of the participants found the model adequate to perform an ICDAS visual assessment. Seventy‐four per cent of the students found the hardness adequate. Concerning the difference in shade and the noticeable hardness difference between enamel and dentin, participants have mixed agreement with a proportion of 61% and 55%, respectively. All the participants agreed these 3D‐printed models provide a good caries simulation, are suitable for hands‐on operative dentistry courses, and that learning outcomes better than the standard model.ConclusionThe present work shows that rapid prototyping paves the way for customized educational models capable of supporting operative but also preoperative skills. 3D printing opens up new opportunities by reducing the gap between pre‐clinical training and clinical reality in caries management, which can positively impact the quality of patient care.
Contrasting levels of β‐diversity and underlying phylogenetic trends indicate different paths to chemical diversity in highland and lowland willow species
Authors: Volf Martin , Leong Jing Vir , de Lima Ferreira Paola , Volfová Tereza , Kozel Petr , Matos‐Maraví Pável , Hörandl Elvira , Wagner Natascha D. , Luntamo Niko , Salminen Juha‐Pekka , Segar Simon T. , Sedio Brian E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiverse specialised metabolites contributed to the success of vascular plants in colonising most terrestrial habitats. Understanding how distinct aspects of chemical diversity arise through heterogeneous environmental pressures can help us understand the effects of abiotic and biotic stress on plant evolution and community assembly. We examined highland and lowland willow species within a phylogenetic framework to test for trends in their chemical α‐diversity (richness) and β‐diversity (variation among species sympatric in elevation). We show that differences in chemistry among willows growing at different elevations occur mainly through shifts in chemical β‐diversity and due to convergence or divergence among species sharing their elevation level. We also detect contrasting phylogenetic trends in concentration and α‐diversity of metabolites in highland and lowland willow species. The resulting elevational patterns contribute to the chemical diversity of willows and suggest that variable selective pressure across ecological gradients may, more generally, underpin complex changes in plant chemistry.
The effects of urbanization on pollinators and pollination: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liang Huan , He Yong‐Deng , Theodorou Panagiotis , Yang Chun‐Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUrbanization is increasing worldwide, with major impacts on biodiversity, species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Pollination is an ecosystem function vital for terrestrial ecosystems and food security; however, the processes underlying the patterns of pollinator diversity and the ecosystem services they provide in cities have seldom been quantified. Here, we perform a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 133 studies examining the effects of urbanization on pollinators and pollination. Our results confirm the widespread negative impacts of urbanization on pollinator richness and abundance, with Lepidoptera being the most affected group. Furthermore, pollinator responses were found to be trait‐specific, with below‐ground nesting and solitary Hymenoptera, and spring flyers more severely affected by urbanization. Meanwhile, cities promote non‐native pollinators, which may exacerbate conservation risks to native species. Surprisingly, despite the negative effects of urbanization on pollinator diversity, pollination service measured as seed set is enhanced in non‐tropical cities likely due to abundant generalists and managed pollinators therein. We emphasize that the richness of local flowering plants could mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization on pollinator diversity. Overall, the results demonstrate the varying magnitudes of multiple moderators on urban pollinators and pollination services and could help guide conservation actions for biodiversity and ecosystem function for a sustainable future.
Predictors for the development of neurological immune‐related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors and impact on mortality
Authors: Yan Chen , Huang Merry , Swetlik Carol , Toljan Karlo , Mahadeen Ahmad Z. , Bena James , Kunchok Amy , Funchain Pauline , McGinley Marisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeLittle is known about risk factors for developing neurological immunological adverse events (neuro‐irAEs) from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We report the incidence, predictors for development, impact on mortality of neuro‐irAEs, and impact of ICIs on pre‐existing neurological conditions in a large clinical cohort.MethodsPatients who received ICIs between January 2011 and December 2018 were identified from a tertiary cancer center registry. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient, cancer, and treatment data. Odds ratios from univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were calculated to identify potential predictors for developing a neuro‐irAE. Impact of neuro‐irAEs on overall survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOverall frequency of neurological irAEs was 2.3%. Peripheral nervous system complications were most frequent (53.6%). Melanoma, younger age, prior chemotherapy, prior resection, CTLA‐4 ICIs exposure, and combination PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 ICIs exposure had significantly higher odds for developing a neuro‐irAE (p < 0.05) in univariate but not multivariate models. Those with a neuro‐irAE were less likely to die at 3 years compared to those without a neuro‐irAE (69% vs. 55%,p = 0.004) in univariate but not multivariate model. Flare of pre‐existing neurological condition after exposure to ICIs was present (15.4%, 2 of 13 patients) but manageable. One patient was rechallenged with ICIs without recurrent flare.ConclusionsNeuro‐irAEs are not associated with increase in overall mortality. Potential predictors for the development of neuro‐irAEs are younger age, melanoma, prior chemotherapy and resection, CTLA‐4, or combination ICIs exposure.
A method for harvesting viable cells from wound dressings
Authors: Qin Qi , Haba Daijiro , Takizawa Chihiro , Tomida Sanai , Kunimitsu Mao , Minematsu Takeo , Sanada Hiromi , Nakagami Gojiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWound fluid has been well studied for exploring protein biomarkers contained in it. However, cells in wound fluid have not received much attention due to the difficulty in their collection. Our study aimed to establish a method for collecting viable cells from discarded wound dressings. A protocol was designed to wash out nonadherent cells and detach adherent cells from silicone‐faced foam wound dressings using trypsin–EDTA. The optimal concentration and incubation time of trypsin–EDTA for collecting equivalent proportions of different cell types to the original cell population were determined in vitro. Cell composition and gene expression changes in monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts and keratinocytes were confirmed using immunocytochemistry and RNA‐sequencing ex vivo. Full‐thickness wounds were created on 9‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice. Wound fluid was collected, and half of it was applied to the wound dressings. The original cell population in the wound fluid and the cell population collected from wound dressings were compared. In the in vitro study, 0.25% trypsin–EDTA and 2.5‐min incubation time were considered optimal for collecting adherent cells from wound dressings. In the ex vivo study, among all cell types, only CD3+ lymphocytes showed a significantly higher cell proportion in the collected group. The relative gene expression of the five selected cells showed no significant changes (p‐value >0.05, |log2 fold change| < 1.5, differential gene expression analysis). Viable nonadherent and adherent cells were collected from wound dressings without altering gene expression and could be used in future studies for cellular analysis of wound fluid.
The opposite effect of tapinarof between IMQ and IL‐23 induced psoriasis mouse models
Authors: Zhu Xingyu , Han Ruomei , Tian Xiaoxue , Hochgerner Mathias , Li Hui , Wang Jiucun , Xia Jingjing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTapinarof is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand which is used to treat plaque psoriasis in adults. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this study, we applied two of the most studied psoriasis mouse models: topical application of imiquimod (IMQ) and subcutaneous injection of IL‐23. Although both models successfully induced psoriasis‐like lesions in mice, tapinarof had a completely opposite effect on the two models. Tapinarof decreased the expression of multiple essential cytokines involved in the pathological IL‐23/IL‐17/IL‐22 axis and ameliorated IMQ‐induced psoriatic dermatitis, inhibiting keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation. However, in the IL‐23‐injection‐model, tapinarof instead aggravated the disease. Here, tapinarof increased epidermal thickness and differentiated epidermal dysplasia in mice. Our data suggest that tapinarof may have different effects on varied types of psoriasis.
Microbiome modulates immunotherapy response in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Voigt Anita Y. , Walter Andrew , Young Timothy H. , Graham John P. , Batista Bittencourt Bruna M. , de Mingo Pulido Alvaro , Prieto Karol , Tsai Kenneth Y. , Sundberg John P. , Oh Julia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiome is increasingly recognized to alter cancer risk, progression and response to treatments such as immunotherapy, especially in cutaneous melanoma. However, whether the microbiome influences immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy response to non‐melanoma skin cancer has not yet been defined. As squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are in closest proximity to the skin microbiome, we hypothesized that the skin microbiome, which regulates cutaneous immunity, might affect SCC‐associated anti‐PD1 immunotherapy treatment response. We used ultraviolet radiation to induce SCC in SKH1 hairless mice. We then treated the mice with broad‐band antibiotics to deplete the microbiome, followed by colonisation by candidate skin and gut bacteria or persistent antibiotic treatment, all in parallel with ICI treatment. We longitudinally monitored skin and gut microbiome dynamics by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tumour burden by periodic tumour measurements and histologic assessment. Our study revealed that antibiotics‐induced abrogation of the microbiome reduced the tumour burden, suggesting a functional role of the microbiome in non‐melanoma skin cancer therapy response.
Classifying electroencephalogram signals using an innovative and effective machine learning method based on chaotic elephant herding optimum
Authors: Alqahtani Ali , Alqahtani Nayef , Alsulami Abdulaziz A. , Ojo Stephen , Shukla Prashant Kumar , Pandit Shraddha V. , Pareek Piyush Kumar , khalifa Hany S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe field of electroencephalography (EEG) has made significant contributions to our understanding of the brain, our understanding of neurological diseases, and our ability to treat such diseases. Epileptic seizures, strokes, and even death can all be detected with the use of the electroencephalogram, a diagnostic technique used to record electrical activity in the brain. This research suggests using binary classification for automated epilepsy diagnosis. Patients' EEG signals are pre‐processed after being recorded. On the basis of the results of the feature extraction technique, the best traits are picked for further examination by means of a structured genetic algorithm. The EEG data are analysed and categorized as either seizure‐free or epileptic seizure‐related based on the assumption of feature optimization utilizing the support vector classifier. As a result, categorizing EEG signals is an ideal application for the suggested technique. For this purpose of accelerating the implementation of distributed computing, a CEHOC (Chaotic Elephant Herding Optimization based Classification) is used to classify the vast scope of various datasets. The results show that the CEHOC algorithm is more effective than previous versions. Precision, recall, F score, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are some of the metrics used to assess the effectiveness of the work provided here. The suggested work has a 99.3019% accuracy rate, a 98.2018% sensitivity rate, and a 99.1125% specificity rate. There was an F score of 99.3204%, a precision of 99.1019%, and a recall of 98.3015%. These numbers indicate that the planned action was successful.
A modified energy‐based fatigue parameter for short fiber reinforced polymers: Performance analysis with varying thicknesses, load ratios, and fiber orientations
Authors: Fiorini Francesco E. , Martulli Luca M. , Steck Philippe , Bernasconi Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe durability of short fiber reinforced polymers (SFRPs) is affected by several variables. Accurate unifying fatigue parameters are thus essential for an efficient characterization campaign. This research investigated the fatigue behavior of a Polyphtalamide PA6T/6I reinforced with 50% of glass fibers. Two thicknesses (1.6 and 3 mm), two orientations from the injection molding direction (0° and 90°), and three load rations (−0.5, 0.1, 0.5) were investigated. A new fatigue parameter, called alternating energy density (AED), was presented; its ability to correlate the fatigue tests results was compared to other known fatigue parameters—cyclic mean strain rate and cyclic creep energy density. All the fatigue parameters were found to be independent of specimen thickness. Furthermore, the prediction of the fatigue lifetime based on AED showed greater accuracy with respect to the other known investigated methods. AED could thus be used for accurate and efficient lifetime prediction of SFRPs.
Modeling of Complex, Multi‐Component NAPL Remediation for Decision Support
Authors: Stewart Lloyd D. , Nyman Jennifer , Prieto‐Estrada Andres E. , Chambon Julie C. , Widdowson Mark A. , Kavanaugh Michael C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn situ remediation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL)‐impacted sites is difficult and costly. Even with enhancements (e.g., chemical and thermal) and partial NAPL recovery, mass transfer constraints associated with partitioning from residual NAPL typically control the depletion rate of sources and attainment of cleanup goals. Practical methodologies are needed to support strategic evaluation, planning, and implementation of cost‐effective remedial approaches that are considered protective. A modeling system averaging over the NAPL‐impacted saturated soil volume was developed and demonstrated at the former Williams Air Force Base. The system combines upscaled, physically based mass transfer coefficients for multi‐component NAPL dissolution with theoretical enhancements specific to multiple remediation processes. Dissolution increases in the presence of aqueous phase reactions, according to first‐ or second‐order kinetics, by increasing concentration gradients. Slow biological processes are considered first order in modeling natural attenuation and enhanced biological degradation. Fast reactions associated with chemical oxidation are considered second order. These enhancement models are equally applicable to numerical simulations of NAPL remediation. Pump and treat enhances dissolution in proportion to increases in the characteristic velocity associated with dissolution. The demonstration yielded realistic predictions, with greater certainty, for outcomes from of multiple technologies intended to reduce remedial timeframes and life cycle costs. The enhanced dissolution modeling provides a site‐specific, quantitative assessment of changes in NAPL source discharge concentration and mass discharge over time for various remedial options that is equivalent to assessments from complex numerical transport models, given typical input data limitations.
Young adults' online shopping addiction: The role of self‐regulation and smartphone use
Authors: Nyrhinen Jussi , Lonka Kirsti , Sirola Anu , Ranta Mette , Wilska Terhi‐Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOnline shopping addiction can be defined as an Internet‐based behavioural addiction which may lead to economic problems. Even though shopping is increasingly common through mobile devices, the effects of smartphone use on online shopping addiction are underexamined. Following a survey of 1000 18 to 29‐year‐olds in Finland, we examined young adults' online shopping addiction and economic problems from the perspective of self‐regulation and problems in regulating smartphone use. The results indicated that low self‐regulation in an online environment facilitates online shopping addiction, which further leads to dissatisfaction toward personal money management through indebtedness. Moreover, we illustrated how distractive stimuli of digital environments can act as primers for addiction by showing how problems in regulating smartphone use facilitates online shopping addiction for young adults with generally low self‐regulation. We conclude our article by offering guidance on how the teaching of self‐regulatory strategies as well as financial and information communications technology skills may decrease the tendency for online shopping addiction.
Nursing in a prison context: A focused mapping review and synthesis of international nursing literature
Authors: Bright Ann‐Marie , Higgins Agnes , Grealish Annmarie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo provide a snapshot of the extent to which nursing and the prison context features in non‐specialist/generic nursing journals.DesignFocused mapping review and synthesis.MethodsRelevant articles were examined for the extent to which they featured nursing and the prison context. A descriptive and contextual analysis of the data was carried out to provide a topography and synthesis of the key trends identified.Data SourcesArticles meeting criteria for nursing and the prison context in relevant non‐specialized, generic nursing journals (n = 7) from January 2018 to December 2022.ResultsFour thousand, nine hundred and twelve (n = 4912) articles were published during the review period of which (n = 14) met inclusion criteria. The key trends identified are presented under three headings: taking an advocacy approach for better health and well‐being, examining self‐determination and autonomy in prison populations and nursing in the prison context.ConclusionNursing and the prison context features in non‐specialized and generic nursing journals but sparsely and infrequently. There is a need for greater visibility of nursing and the prison context in nursing journals to help reduce stigma and marginalization of those working and those detained in prison.Implication for the Profession and/or Patient CareNurses working in prison environments often manage extremely complex care needs. It is necessary to feature all nursing care environments in nursing journals so as to increase visibility and to act as a source of education for all.Impact (What Problem Did the Study Address? Main Findings? Where/Whom Will the Research Have Impact on)The findings of this review will have impact on all nurses engaged in practice and research as it highlights the extent to which nursing in a prison context is featured in non‐specialized nursing journals and also speaks to the challenges faced by those working and detained in prison.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution. This was a review of existing literature.
Reduction of adverse events in a psychiatric inpatient eating disorder unit during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Arbour Simone , Paul Sayani , Rice Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTopicGlobally, the COVID‐19 pandemic had impacted the health care delivery including inpatient psychiatric facilities. Within psychiatric settings, life of inpatients was profoundly altered.PurposeThis paper aimed to understand if pandemic‐related changes within an inpatient Eating Disorder Unit in a specialized psychiatric hospital in Ontario, Canada impacted incidence of aggression and use of coercive methods among adolescents.Source UsedAn exploratory study design was used to examine incidence of aggression, self‐harm, code whites, staff assist, restraints and seclusion, and nasogastric feeding (NGF) among adolescents with eating disorders before and after the modified service delivery within the inpatient unit. Descriptive analyses were conducted.ResultsAnalyses revealed a complete reduction in episodes of self‐harm, aggression, staff assists, use of restraint and seclusion as well as an 80.14% reduction on average use of NGF.ConclusionAuthors speculate that the change in environment and program delivery method, peer influence, and shift in power relations between patient and staff may have resulted in improved experiences. This report provides insights to adopt a recovery‐oriented service delivery for adolescents with eating disorders in inpatient settings.
Plugging the pipe? Evaluating the (null) effects of leaks on Supreme Court legitimacy
Authors: Carrington Nathan T. , Strother Logan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOccasionally, information about the inner workings of the Supreme Court is leaked to the press by insiders—clerks, or even justices themselves. These leaks reliably stoke controversy among commentators and academics alike who pontificate on the negative effect leaks have on the Court's institutional legitimacy. However, it is not immediately clear from existing theories whether populating the media environment with leaked information will affect public perceptions of the Court, let alone the direction of such effects. In this paper, we use an original survey combined with an original survey experiment to test the extent to which, if any, leaks influence legitimacy ascribed to the Supreme Court. Analysis shows a tightly‐estimated null effect of leaks on public views on the Court.
A new cavefish of Sinocyclocheilus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Nanpanjiang River in Guizhou, China
Authors: Luo Qi , Tang Qian , Deng Lei , Duan Qian , Zhang Renyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new species, Sinocyclocheilus xingyiensis, is described based on specimens collected from a karst cave in Guizhou Province, China. The authors used an integrated taxonomic approach, including morphological and molecular data, to identify the new species as a member of the Sinocyclocheilu angularis group, and it can be distinguished from all other members of this group by a combination of the following features: two pairs of long barbels and long pectoral fins, 42–46 lateral‐line scales, 7 (13–14) on outer (inner) side of the first gill arch and 35 (14–15 + 4 + 16 − 17) vertebrae. Phylogenetic analyses based on the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene fragment suggest that S. xingyiensis is a sister lineage to Sinocyclocheilus flexuosdorsalis. The genetic distance (Kimura 2‐parameter) between the S. xingyiensis and S. angularis groups of Sinocyclocheilus species based on cyt b gene fragment ranged from 1.2% to 15.4%.