bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting Children and Adolescents From Tobacco and Nicotine
Authors: Jenssen Brian P. , Walley Susan C. , Boykan Rachel , Little Caldwell Alice , Camenga Deepa ,   SECTION ON NICOTINE AND TOBACCO PREVENTION AND TREATMENT, COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION, Groner Judith A. , Marbin Jyothi N. , Mih Bryan , Rabinow Lily , Blake Gregory H. , Smith Karen S. , Baumberger James D. ,   SECTION ON NICOTINE AND TOBACCO PREVENTION AND TREATMENT, COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION, Gonzalez Lucien , Agarwal Rita , Quigley Joanna , Zoucha Kenneth , Walker-Harding Leslie , Kurien Christine , Ba’Gah Rebecca , Jarrett Renee 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This technical report provides the evidence base for the accompanying tobacco clinical report and policy statement. It builds on, strengthens, and expands AAP recommendations from the previous version in 2015. Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of disease and death for adults in the United States. The tobacco epidemic takes a substantial toll on children’s and adolescent’s health, including harms because of prenatal exposure during pregnancy, secondhand and thirdhand exposure during infancy and childhood, and/or direct use during adolescence. Tobacco and nicotine use almost always starts in childhood or adolescence. Almost 40% of children aged 3 to 11 years are regularly exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke, and rates of secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosol have increased over the last decade.
The size-and shape-controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles by solvothermal method
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Linh  , Le The Tam  , Ngo Thanh Dung  , Le Thi Thanh Tam  , Ha Minh Nguyet  , Nguyen Dinh Vinh  , Bui Minh Quy  , Nguyen Thi Hong Hoa  , Nguyen Hoa Du  , Le Trong Lu  , Nguyen Trung Thanh  
Published: April 2023

In this work, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by thermal decomposition of silver nitrate in organic solvents in the presence of sodium oleate (SOA) and 1-octadecanol (OCD-ol). The effects of different solvents and concentrations of OCD-ol on the morphology and properties of the Ag nanomaterials were investigated in detail. The structural analysis of the Ag nanomaterials showed good crystallinity. The TEM images of the samples showed that with the change in the fabrication conditions, different sizes and shapes of Ag nanomaterials were formed. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of the Ag NPs were influenced by their size and shape. The as-synthesized Ag NPs have potential applications in biomedical, catalysis, or electronics.
Same-day Enterococcus qPCR results of recreational water quality at two Toronto beaches provide added public health protection and reduced beach days lost
Authors: Saleem Faizan , Schellhorn Herb E. , Simhon Albert , Edge Thomas A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
We evaluated the potential impacts from using a rapid same-day quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) monitoring method for beach posting outcomes at two Toronto beaches.

Methods
In total, 228 water samples were collected at Marie Curtis Park East and Sunnyside Beaches over the 2021 summer season. Water samples were processed using the USEPA 1609.1 Enterococcus qPCR-based method. Escherichia coli (E. coli) culture data and daily beach posting decisions were obtained from Toronto Public Health.

Results
No significant correlation was observed between previous-day and same-day (retrospective) E. coli enumeration results at any Sunnyside Beach transect, and only relatively low (R = 0.41–0.56) or no significant correlation was observed at sampling transects for Marie Curtis Park East Beach. Comparing our same-day Enterococcus qPCR data to Toronto’s 2-day E. coli geometric mean beach posting decisions, we noted the need for additional postings for 1 (2%) and 3 (8%) missed health-risk days at Sunnyside and Marie Curtis Park East Beaches, respectively. The qPCR data also pointed to incorrect postings for 12 (31%) and 6 (16%) lost beach days at Sunnyside and Marie Curtis Park East Beaches, respectively.

Conclusion
Application of a rapid Enterococcus qPCR method at two Toronto beaches revealed 5% of beach posting decisions were false negatives that missed health-risk days, while 23% of decisions were false positives resulting in lost beach days. Deployment of the rapid same-day qPCR method offers the potential to reduce both health risks and unnecessary beach postings.
Modeling the Relationship between Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Scientific Habits of Mind, Attitudes towards Socio-scientific Issues and Scientific Literacy
Authors: Alkiş Küçükaydin Menşure 
Published: April 2023

Socio-scientific issues (SSI), including dilemmas and problems in scientific and social terms, are directly related to individuals’ daily lives. Individuals’ interests and attitudes towards SSI also affect their perspective on events in their lives. For this reason, as a member of society, it is essential to research variables that are thought to be related to pre-service elementary teachers’ attitudes towards SSI. Based on this point, the relationship between pre-service elementary teachers’ attitudes towards SSI, their scientific habits of mind (SHOMS) for SSI, and their level of scientific literacy are studied and tried to be modeled. One hundred twenty pre-service elementary teachers studying at a university in the south-eastern Anatolia region of Turkey have participated in this study. The correlation research design from descriptive research methods is used in this study. In this context, three data collection tools are used with the personal data form. Research results have been analyzed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. According to the analysis results, it is determined that pre-service elementary teachers’ SHOMS for SSI affect scientific literacy, and attitudes towards SSI affect interest in scientific knowledge and publications.
Argumentation Skills of Pre-Service Elementary Teachers on Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Mete Pelin 
Published: April 2023

In the present study, atmospheric pressure, an abstract concept that learners generally have difficulty understanding and explaining, was presented to pre-service elementary teachers (PSTs) with the method of argumentation. The argument levels of the PSTs were examined using the Predict - Observe - Explain (POE) experiments in teaching the subject of "atmospheric pressure." The study includes both the development of the worksheets and the application of the developed worksheets. The researcher developed four POE worksheets and used them in two ways. First, PSTs did two POE experiments in the science lab to learn by doing atmospheric pressure. Second, PSTs watched two videos about atmospheric pressure. Data collection tools consist of POE worksheets and in-class discussion records made during the implementation. The worksheet analysis prepared an argumentation rubric according to the Toulmin argument level. Descriptive analysis was performed on the worksheets according to the argumentation rubric, and the change and development of the PSTs' argument skills were evaluated. Although, as a result of the study, the PSTs had difficulty forming arguments at the beginning, as the practice progressed, their argument-forming skills improved, and the argument levels of the PSTs were moved to higher levels. However, it was noted that the PSTs' level of high-level argument formation was limited. In contrast, most of the PSTs in the experiments made only one claim and had difficulties justifying it.
Borys Zinserling (1890–1961) i jego wizja wnętrz ministerstwa sprawiedliwości. Uwagi na marginesie mecenatu ministra Aleksandra Meysztowicza oraz ministra i senatora Czesława Michałowskiego
Authors: Zawadzki Jarosław Maciej 
Published: April 2023

W latach 1787–1789 przebudowano w duchu klasycyzmu pałac rodziny Raczyńskich w Warszawie (projekt Jan Christian Kamsetzer). W 1919 roku pałac stał się siedzibą polskiego Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości. W trakcie urzędowania dwóch ministrów, Aleksandra Meysztowicza (1926–1928) oraz Czesława Michałowskiego (1930–1936), przeprowadzono w budynku prace pod kierunkiem Mariana Lalewicza. Meysztowicz rozpoczął remont, ale końcowy efekt prac był zasługą Michałowskiego. Choć na to nie ma dowodów, ale było i jest zgodne z praktyką, że zapewne akceptował przedstawiane mu koncepcje prac konserwatorskich i projekty dekoratorskie.
Starannie wykreowano przestrzeń, w której pracował i odpoczywał minister. Pierwsza składała się z poczekalni i sekretariatu. Druga to wnętrza robocze ministra: duży gabinet i biblioteka. Do większych spotkań wykorzystywano salę balową. Ostatnią strefą było mieszkanie ministra. Sukcesywnie nabywano dzieła sztuki oraz obiekty rzemiosła nawiązujące stylistycznie do wnętrz. W trakcie prac utrzymano historyzującą stylistkę wnętrz zaproponowaną przez Lalewicza i realizowaną przez jego zespół.
Nie wiadomo, od kiedy dokładnie z pracami w opisywanym obiekcie był związany Borys Zinserling, rosyjski emigrant, architekt, scenograf i malarz, absolwent Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Petersburgu. W 1935 roku wykonał cykl akwarel i rysunków węglem ukazujących wnętrza. W 1936 roku wydano album Pałac Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości w Warszawie, którego ozdobą stały się barwne reprodukcje prac Zinserlinga. Urzekająca do dziś dokumentacja malarska przybliża finalny efekt prac, który w wyniku działań wojennych nie zachował się do naszych czasów.
An Experimental Study on the Effects of Tubular Restrictions on Liquid Lifting in Natural Gas Wells
Authors: Mateus-Rubiano Camilo Andres , Alsanea Maziad , Karami Hamidreza 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Natural gas wells face flow pattern changes and liquid accumulation issues as their pressures decline. This issue, if not addressed properly, hinders the production, and may eventually kill the well. The onset of the liquid accumulation corresponds to the beginning of liquid fallback in the tubing and the transition from annular to churn flow. In this experimental study, the impact of partial tubing restrictions, namely insert rings, on liquid loading is assessed. Partial restrictions in the tubing, such as insert rings, are believed to amplify droplet entrainment and interfacial shear, and hence delay the liquid loading. This theory is tested experimentally in this study. Two-phase tests are performed using air and mineral oil in a flow loop with a vertical length of 25 ft, made from 2-inch ID clear acrylic pipe. The tests are carried out in room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Differential pressure transducers, quick-closing valves, and a high-quality camera are used to measure the pressure gradient, liquid holdup, and flow pattern for each test. Three liquid rates, corresponding to gas wells are tested. Gas rates are varied to cover a wide range from annular to slug flow. The tests are conducted without inserts and repeated with three insert sizes. In addition, the number of inserts along the test section is changed to test the impact of spacing on the effects provided by inserts over the flow.
The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of restrictions with various sizes and their spacing on liquid lifting. It is found that the inserts enhance liquid lifting by two mechanisms, liquid fallback prevention and droplets generation. The latter is explained by the collision of the upward flowing liquid with the inserts and the liquid bridge rupture by the gas flow. At the same time, the inserts restrict the effective flow diameter and cause an increase in frictional losses. The experimental results suggest there is an optimal region for the use of inserts, in which liquid lifting is enhanced with minimal increases in frictional losses. This region varies slightly depending on the flow rates and it is found mostly in the churn flow region. Within this window, the pressure drop decreases by up to 50% as a result of adding the inserts to the tubing. Also, it is observed that decreasing the number of the inserts helps reduce the frictional pressure losses, while maintaining the reduction in liquid holdup. This is a cheap, passive, and efficient method for liquid unloading of gas wells. The tubing joints could play the role of the inserts with an appropriate design, making this technology easily applicable.
Casing Deformation and Controlling Methods During Hydraulic Fracturing Shale Gas Reservoirs in China: What We Known and Tried
Authors: Han Lihong , Yang Shangyu , Dai Lei , Cao Jing , Mou Yisheng , Wu Xingru 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
When operators develop shale gas reservoirs in the southern Sichuan basin in China, they encountered numerous occurrences of casing deformations (CD) and even failures. The high frequency and severity of CD have led to significant financial loss. Since then, a considerable amount of research has been conducted with some field trials. Some research findings have been implemented in fields. The purpose of this paper is to present what we know and the trial results.
We observed that casing deformation/failure were mainly in shearing failure and collapse modes. In the early stage of the development, most of the failure was due to shearing deformation caused by pre-existing geological features such as faults and weak interfaces. With the depletion of the reservoir and pressure decrease, casing collapses during the hydraulic fracture with extended length have become more and more popular in the later development stage. Laboratory tests on casing material and cementing material have shad lights on possible solutions. Increasing the casing wall thickness and cement thickness seems a viable solution for casing collapse, but the application of these recommendations yielded little effectiveness in mitigating casing deformation. Current operators redesigned a cementing material with high-strength beads which would collapse when stresses are above the designed threshold, which would "absorb" the formation displacement and reduce the severity of casing deformation caused by the aforementioned mechanisms.
This paper summarizes the main research results from implementing numerical modeling and simulation. Based on that, we designed a special cementing with hollow high-strength particles in the cement slurry. In the later stage of fracturing, when the stress is above a threshold, the particles would burst and allow the casing to nudge slightly so that the deformation severity would be much less and more graduate. We implemented the new technology on 14 wells, and so far eight wells have been successfully completed without losses of horizontal segments. This new technology certainly brings hope for future study and provides field cases for future simulation work and laboratory studies for improvement.
Dimensionless Recovery Profiles
Authors: Mollman Matthew J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A new data-driven method for production forecasting and estimating ultimate recovery (EUR) of tight-gas sand and unconventional-shale wells is proposed as an alternative to empirical decline-curve analysis (DCA) methods and industry standard type-well curves. The proposed method requires generating a dimensionless recovery profile (DRP) from the production history of mature wells producing from an analogous reservoir where ultimate recovery is determinable with a high degree of confidence. The daily and/or monthly production data of a newer well selected for analysis is made dimensionless by using an initial estimate of EUR and observed maximum production rate. The best dimensionless match to the DRP is obtained by adjusting the EUR and maximum rate the well could have potentially produced if unencumbered by operational constraints.
The proposed method does not utilize pressure data, so it is suitable for use with data available from public sources. Often, only 60 to 90 days of daily data is required to provide a good estimate of future production performance and EUR. One capability of the proposed method is the performance characteristics of the ratios of the secondary phases to the primary fluid phase can be simultaneously examined to better define the expected production performance and to identify wells with uncharacteristic behavior.
EnerQuest Oil & Gas, L.L.C. has successfully applied this method in its producing property acquisition and drilling evaluation work for the last 25 years and the biggest revelation is that the resulting DRP of the primary phase, for most plays, is the same regardless of a well's geographic location within the play, generation of its completion design or length of lateral. The derivation of the DRP using individual well production histories across an entire play has the advantage/benefit of a larger population of data to work with than the common industry standard method of developing a type-well curve that is specific to a much smaller population of wells sharing similar horizontal landing targets and completion designs.
The new method will be demonstrated utilizing production data from the Barnett Shale (N Texas), Austin Chalk (S Texas), Eagle Ford Shale (S Texas), Codell Sand (SE Wyoming), Woodford Shale (SE Oklahoma), and Utica Shale (Ohio).
Delineating and Quantifying the Hydraulic Fracturing Energy System
Authors: Navaiz Awais , Stark Price , Doucette Jon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Current hydraulic fracturing strategies require a significant investment of resources, time, and capital to warrant well productivity. As a result, it has become the crux of asset development in unconventional formations. Given that this technique has been in full force for almost two decades, the optimization strategies couldn't be more varied than they are today. Part of the problem exists in completion teams discretizing and optimizing individual facets while ignoring their impact on the entire system.
To the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to present a comprehensive energy analysis of the hydraulic fracturing process. During hydraulic fracturing, energy transfer originates from the horsepower equipment used to inject a unit volume of fluid, containing a certain volume fraction of proppant, into the wellhead. Surface energy consumption is defined as the horsepower deployment integrated over time. As this unit volume traverses down the wellbore and into the formation, it is assisted by gravitational potential energy, which supplements its energy budget but must overcome the friction from the pipe, perforations, and tortuous near-wellbore zone, which act as energy losses. Subtracting energy losses from the total energy input results in the effective energy delivered to formation.
With the tools outlined here to calculate the effective energy and energy efficiency, teams can vet and optimize their completion strategies to maximize energy delivered to the formation and/or improve capital efficiency. These metrics are sensitive to most of the variables involved in well completions and provide an understanding of the influence every decision has on the complete hydraulic fracturing system.
Advanced, Superior Shale Oil EOR Methods for the DJ Basin
Authors: Downey Robert A , Venepalli Kiran K , Erdle James C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
According to Novi Labs, a well data analytics company, as of April, 2022, 94,000 horizontal shale oil wells had been placed into production in the 5 major US shale oil basins. Oil production from these wells is characterized by high initial rates and steep declines, with well lives of 9 to 16 years. Oil recovery factors, as a percentage of oil in place, range from 2.5 to 8 percent, leaving the vast majority of oil resources unrecovered. Shale oil EOR is in its infancy, with only 49 permitted projects involving a few hundred wells. 36 of these EOR projects are in the Eagle Ford shale. Prior publications have provided information on this activity, almost all of which involve cyclic injection of natural gas, or Huff-n-Puff EOR. Incremental recoveries have been projected to range from 10% to 80% of primary EUR.
Our objective is to describe two novel shale oil EOR methods that may provide superior incremental shale oil recovery of 100 to 200% of primary EUR in the DJ Basin Niobrara shale. We have developed two superior shale oil EOR methods that utilize a triplex pump to inject a liquid solvent mixture into the Niobrara shale reservoir, and methods to fully recover the injectant at the surface, for storage and reinjection. The processes are fully integrated with compositional reservoir simulation to optimize the recovery of residual oil during each injection and production cycle.
Compositional reservoir simulation modeling of the processes in a production and pressure history-matched horizontal DJ Basin Niobrara well indicates recoveries of 180% to 360% of primary EUR may be achieved. These processes have numerous advantages over cyclic gas injection - shorter injection time, faster and greater oil recovery, lower risk of interwell communication, lower cost of production, elimination of the need for artificial lift, and lower GHG emissions and water costs. These processes should work in all US shale oil plays, and have been successfully field tested in some. If implemented early in the well life, their application may enable recovery of more oil, faster, and preclude the need for artificial lift, resulting in shallower decline rates and much greater reserves. The processes also emit less GHG emissions and have lower water costs per barrel than primary recovery.
Completion Diagnostic Tools, Production Logging Technology Delivers Accurate Flow Contributions Vertical & Horizontal Wellbores
Authors: Heddleston Duncan Craig 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Over the past 18 years, the industry has focused on drilling and completing horizontal producing wells, in order to develop better deliverability and UER across the reservoir. These types of wells are drilled with various inclinations, trajectories which porpoise across the reservoir interval. Horizontal lateral sections consist of numerous selectively stimulated stages containing greater than 20 stages spread out across 2,000 ft to 25,000 ft of horizontal interval. (Heddleston, 2017).
Many indirect measurements such as chemical tracing or fiber optic sensing have been trialed, but the only direct measurement of real production contributing across a producing lateral is acquired using production logging measurements with production data analysis. This true measurement of production contribution is the best method which allow oil companies to understand and acknowledge which portions of the hydraulically stimulated reservoir is contributing the production and the value of their properties.