bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome–based therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hu Kelly A. , Gubatan John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is thought to arise from a combination of environmental, genetic and immunological factors. The gut microbiome, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms residing in the digestive tract, has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. There is an unmet clinical need for microbiome‐based therapies. This review will discuss the landscape of microbiome‐based therapeutics in IBD. Microbiome‐targeted therapeutics, such as antibiotics, pre‐/probiotics and faecal microbiota transplant (FMT), are based on the premise that restoring a healthy gut microbiome can attenuate mucosal inflammation. Antibiotics work directly to impede growth or eradicate specific gut microorganisms. Antibiotics may play a role in inducing clinical remission and treating refractory pouchitis and may be associated with immunogenicity to anti‐TNF biologics in IBD. Prebiotics are the molecular metabolic building blocks for commensal gut bacteria. Probiotics artificially introduce gut microorganisms thought to be beneficial to the local microenvironment and maybe be associated with symptom relief in IBD. FMT similarly introduces bacteria found in higher proportions of healthy persons, though in a more direct manner than probiotics. FMT has been associated with increased rates of clinical remission in IBD, but heterogeneity in FMT response may be influenced by IBD subtype, FMT donor selection and delivery protocols. Current evidence suggests that microbiome‐targeted therapeutics may have some benefit for IBD. Several studies are underway exploring the targeting of specific gut microbes or microbial pathways as therapy in IBD.
MOPREDAS_century database and precipitation trends in mainland Spain, 1916–2020
Authors: Gonzalez‐Hidalgo J. C. , Beguería S. , Peña‐Angulo D. , Trullenque‐Blanco V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to its geographical location in the western Mediterranean region, the Iberian Peninsula involves a challenge for current climatic conditions and future projections. In this study we analysed monthly precipitation trends over mainland Spain from 1916 to 2020 by using the new MOPREDAS_century database. This database combines information from the Spanish Meteorological Agency's archives, as well as data retrieved from Annual Summaries between 1916 and 1950. A combination of both sources produced the largest amount of original information ever collected and researched in mainland Spain between 1916 and 2020.
Pharmacogenomics and beyond! Customized pharmacotherapy for solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Lemke Adley , Wright Jessica , May Heather 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients are reliant on immunosuppressive drugs, which have a narrow therapeutic index, and are concurrently vulnerable to adverse drug events due to comorbidity burden and the complexity of their medication regimens. Urgent management of post‐transplant complications often falls to the generalist clinician or critical care specialist. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss innovations and bedside applications of pharmacogenomics and therapeutic drug monitoring applied to immunosuppression and agents frequently encountered in transplant recipients. Medication formulations will be given specific attention, as interchange is frequently required in the acute care setting. Bioassays quantifying immune system activity will be described with practical applications. A structured approach to addressing drug–drug, drug‐gene, and drug–drug‐gene interactions will be modeled using a case‐based approach synthesizing pharmacogenomics, therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic principles.
When Adverse Childhood Experiences Present to a Statewide Child Psychiatry Access Program
Authors: Ferro Rebecca A. , DiFatta Riley , Khan Kainat N. , Coble Kelly , Reinblatt Shauna P. , Bettencourt Amie F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract Many children experience adversity, yet few receive needed psychiatric services. Pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) are uniquely positioned to intervene but often lack training and resources to provide patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) the psychiatric support they need. The current study examines characteristics of youth with and without ACEs who were the focus of PCP contacts with a statewide child psychiatry access program (CPAP). Compared to those without ACEs, patients with ACEs were more often receiving medication treatment at time of CPAP contact, prescribed two or more psychotropic medications, and diagnosed with two or more mental health disorders. Study findings indicate that patients with ACEs for whom PCPs sought CPAP support were experiencing more clinically severe and complex mental health concerns. These findings underscore the important role of CPAPs in supporting PCPs with pediatric patients who have ACEs and will inform training provided by CPAPs to PCPs.
Vernacular Names of Traditional Rice Varieties Reveal the Unique History of Maroons in Suriname and French Guiana
Authors: Pinas Nicholaas , van de Loosdrecht Marieke , Maat Harro , van Andel Tinde 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRice is a keystone crop in all Maroon communities in Suriname and French Guyana today and they cultivate hundreds of traditional varieties. Historically, rice can be considered an indicator crop for successful marronnage in the Guianas. Unraveling local variety names can reveal the history, farming systems, spiritual significance and probably the diversity of rice in Maroon communities. We interviewed 67 rice farmers (96% female), collected over 400 rice specimens and built a database with 284 unique rice names from our own fieldwork and previously collected names. The process of naming a rice variety is complex, but there are recurrent patterns among the five Maroon groups we studied. We categorized names referring to morphology, agronomy, animals, humans, and rice brought from specific regions or by other Maroon and non-Maroon groups. Very few names are shared between Maroon groups. When we showed the farmers six rice varieties from outside their village, all recognized African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and pende (O. sativa with spotted husks). When a variety was unknown, an initial name was given based on its morphology. Maroon rice names are truly unique as they reflect the varieties that were available, the history of plantations and marronnage, climate aspects that influenced the selection of farmers, the many separate groups of runaways joining the Maroons, the adaptation to the Amazonian ecosystem, and their contacts with outsiders. Our results show that unravelling Maroon rice names leads to a better understanding of the close connection between the process of marronage, locally developed agricultural practices, and connections to West Africa. These historical origins continue to exist and form a unique Maroon system of variety exchange, farm management and crop diversity.
Association of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet with self-reported sleep-disordered breathing (SDB): a cross-sectional study from China
Authors: Li Shengnan , Wang Cuicui , Tan Siyue , Zhang Yuyi , Zhang Ke , Wang Bo , Zuo Hui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been associated with sleep quality. However, its relationship with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between the DASH diet and SDB using data from a community-based survey among adults in Suzhou, Eastern China. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Suzhou Food Consumption and Health Survey in 2018–2020. Dietary intake was measured by a validated FFQ. The association between the DASH diet and SDB was estimated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to reinforce our findings. A total of 3939 participants were included in the final analysis. Participants in the upper quintile of the DASH score consumed more fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, whole grains, and dairy products, and less Na, red/processed meats, and sweetened beverages. The OR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of the DASH score was 0·68 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·88; Pfor trend = 0·004) for SDB after multivariable adjustment. Of the eight DASH components, vegetables, nuts and legumes, and dairy products were inversely associated with SDB. The associations were similar in subgroups by age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Adherence to the DASH diet was independently associated with decreased odds of self-reported SDB. Our novel results expand previous findings on diet and sleep and suggest the possibility of improving SDB by enhancing diet quality.
Lohnt sich ein Instagram-Auftritt?
Authors: Pietruck Vivien 
Published: March 2023

SummaryFür einen Instagram-Praxis-Account gelten im Gegensatz zum Gewerbe die restriktiven Bestimmungen des Heilmittelwerbegesetzes, was eine ständige Überprüfung und Definierung zulässiger Inhalte notwendig macht. Das Betreiben eines Accounts erfordert unter anderem Konkurrenz- und Zielgruppenanalyse, Strategie, Zieldefinition, täglichen Content, Ads und eine Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnung. Für Ein-Personen-Praxen lohnt sich ein Instagram-Auftritt aufgrund des Aufwands und der geografischen Eingrenzung der Zielgruppe meist nicht.
Determination of thermal conductivity of eutectic Al–Cu compounds utilizing experiments, molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning
Authors: Nazarahari A , Fromm A C , Ozdemir H C , Klose C , Maier H J , Canadinc D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, the thermal conductivity (

κ

) of Al–Cu eutectics were investigated by experimental and computational methods to shed light on the role of these compounds in thermal properties of Al–Cu connections in compound casting. Specifically, the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) method was utilized to simulate the lattice thermal conductivity (

κ

l

) of six compositions of Al–Cu with 5–30 at.% Cu. To extend the results of the MD simulations to bulk materials, instead of using conventional linear extrapolation methods, a machine learning approach was developed for the dataset acquired from the MD simulations. The bootstrapping approach was utilized to find the most suitable method among the support vector machine (SVM) with polynomial and radial basis function (RBF) kernels and the random forest method. The results showed that the SVM model with RBF kernel performed the best, and thus was used to predict the bulk

κ

l

. Subsequently, the chosen compositions were produced by induction casting and their electrical conductivities were measured via eddy current method for calculating the electronic contribution of

κ

using the Wiedemann–Franz law. Finally, the actual

κ

of the alloys were measured using the xenon flash method and the results were compared with the computational values. It was shown that the MD method is capable of successfully simulating the thermal conductivity of this system. In addition, the experimental results demonstrated that the

κ

of Al–Cu eutectics decreases almost linearly with formation of the Al2Cu phase due to increase in the Cu content. Overall, the current findings can be used to enhance the

κ

of cooling devices made via Al–Cu compound casting.
Extending WiMDA for the data analysis of µ
−SR experiments
Authors: Gill G J W , Pratt F L , Blundell S J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A software extension to the Windows Muon Data Analysis software package WiMDA has been developed for the analysis of µ
−SR data, which has been dubbed Negative-WiMDA. In designing Negative-WiMDA, some key features were considered: it should be easily accessed from the main analysis window of WiMDA; it should be able to account for multiple elements in a sample; it should be able to subtract signals treated as unwanted background, allowing the user to focus on a particular element of interest; it should be able to handle transverse-field (TF) data, and perhaps most importantly, it should be intuitive to use. The main features of Negative-WiMDA are presented here with a few examples of their use.
Tracking decay positrons in a magnetic field for muon microscope applications
Authors: Young C , Kojima K M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a theoretical calculation for a feasibility study of the Muon Microscope, which is intended to add positional resolution within the sample by tracking down the positron trajectories to its source positions. In the presence of a magnetic field, any positrons whose trajectories have components which are perpendicular to the magnetic field will start to move in a helical path due to the Lorentz force. Taking special relativity into account, we have analytically determined the trajectories of the positrons in a uniform magnetic field. We also evaluate more realistic cases, such as finite detector spatial resolutions, as well as the effect of positron scattering from the materials in its trajectory.
Non-destructive operando measurements of muonic x-rays on Li-ion battery
Authors: Umegaki I , Kondo Y , Tampo M , Nishimura S , Takeshita S , Higuchi Y , Kondo H , Sasaki T , Shimomura K , Miyake Y 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have developed a non-destructive technique to observe Li in an electrode and metallic Li deposition on an anode using muonic x-rays. With high intent negative muon beam at J-PARC, we have attempted operando measurements of Li and metallic Li deposition in LIBs for the first time. Both increase and decrease of Li in a cathode during charging and discharging processes were observed. We also observed significant increase of muonic x-rays of Li with cycles, which may correspond to the degradation of charge capacity with the cycles.
Status of the new muonic helium atom HFS measurements at J-PARC MUSE
Authors: Strasser P , Fukumura S , Ino T , Iwai R , Kanda S , Kawamura S , Kitaguchi M , Nishimura S , Oku T , Okudaira T , Seo S , Shimizu H M , Shimizu K , Shimomura K , Tada H , Tanaka T , Torii H A , Yamauchi H , Yasuda H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Measurements of the muonic helium atom hyperfine structure (HFS) are a sensitive tool to test the theory of three-body atomic systems and bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED) and to determine fundamental constants of the negative muon magnetic moment and mass. The world’s most intense pulsed negative muon beam at J-PARC MUSE brings an opportunity to improve previous measurements and test further CPT invariance by comparing the magnetic moments and masses of positive and negative muons. Test measurements at D-line are now in progress utilizing MuSEUM apparatus at zero field. The first results already have better accuracy than previous measurements in the 1980s. Also, the investigation of a new experimental approach to improve HFS measurements by repolarizing muonic helium atoms using a spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) technique was started. If successful, this would drastically improve the measurement accuracy.
TRIM Simulations Tool for µ
+ Stopping Fraction in Hydrostatic Pressure Cells
Authors: Elson Frank , Das Debarchan , Simutis Gediminas , Forslund Ola Kenji , Miniotaite Ugne , Palm Rasmus , Sassa Yasmine , Weissenrieder Jonas , Månsson Martin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For quantum systems or materials, a common procedure for probing their behaviour is to tune electronic/magnetic properties using external parameters, e.g. temperature, magnetic field or pressure. Pressure application as an external stimuli is a widely used tool, where the sample in question is inserted into a pressure cell providing a hydrostatic pressure condition. Such device causes some practical problems when using in Muon Spin Rotation/Relaxation (µ
+SR) experiments as a large proportion of the muons will be implanted in the pressure cell rather than in the sample, resulting in a higher background signal. This issue gets further amplified when the temperature dependent response from the sample is much smaller than that of the pressure cell,which may cause the sample response to be lost in the background and cause difficulties in aligning the sample within the beam. To tackle this issue, we have used pySRIM [1] to construct a practical and helpful simulation tool for calculating muon stopping fractions, specifically for the pressure cell setup at the µE1 beamline using the GPD spectrometer at the Paul Scherrer Institute, with the use of TRIM simulations. The program is used to estimate the number of muon stopping in both the sample and the pressure cell at a given momentum. The simultion tool is programmed into a GUI, making it accessible to user to approximate prior to their experiments at GPD what fractions will belong to the sample and the pressure cell in their fitting procedure.
Intense Lyman-alpha light source for ultra-slow muon generation
Authors: Oishi Y , Adachi T , Saito N , Ikedo Y , Ishida K , Kanda S , Umezawa T , Kamioka S , Teshima N , Nakamura J , Nakamura S , Miyake Y , Iwasaki M , Wada S , Shimomura K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A small-momentum-width muon beam, so-called ultra-slow muon beam, can be generated by laser ionization of muonium. To realize efficient ultra-slow muon generation, the Lyman-alpha and below 360 nm coherent light are required to resonantly excite the muonium from the ground state to 2p and sequentially ionizes excited muonium to the unbound state. At the J-PARC MLF Ultra-Slow Muon beamline, we have successfully generated Lyman-alpha coherent light exceeding 10 μJ using an all-solid-state laser and high-efficiency vacuum ultraviolet light generation technologies. In this paper, we will describe the intense Lyman-alpha light source.
Online learning to train users of muons and neutrons at ISIS
Authors: Baker P J , Hall S C L , Mukhopadhyay S , Cottrell S P , Hillier A D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Online learning is being adopted across a wide range of disciplines, providing remote access to resources that serves to widen participation in training, and allowing courses to be created that are accessible to the diverse range of learning styles that have recently been identified. Online resources can also be used to supplement more traditional in-person training by bringing a cohort of learners up to a common minimum level beforehand, distributing materials during training, and reinforcing learning after the event. Over the last six years ISIS has developed a range of online learning materials about muon and neutron science, that can be used independently or in association with in-person training. Here we discuss the materials now available and how they were designed to work effectively, set out the opportunities and challenges of online training for facility users, and summarise planned future developments.
Studying spin diffusion and quantum entanglement with LF-µSR
Authors: Pratt F L , Lang F , Blundell S J , Steinhardt W , Haravifard S , Mañas-Valero S , Coronado E , Huddart B M , Lancaster T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
LF-µSR studies have previously been used to study the diffusive 1D motion of solitons and polarons in conducting polymers. This type of study was also applied to investigating the diffusive motion of spinons in spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic chains. Recently the method has been extended to examples of 2D layered triangular spin lattices which can support quantum spin liquid states, such as 1T-TaS2 and YbZnGaO4. These systems are found to show spin dynamics that matches well to 2D spin diffusion, such a model being found to provide a much better fit to the data than previously proposed models for spin correlations in such systems. In YbZnGaO4 the diffusion rate shows a clear crossover between classical and quantum regimes as T falls below the exchange coupling J. That the spin diffusion approach works well in the high T classical region might be expected, but it is found that it also works equally well in the low T quantum region where quantum entanglement controls the spin dynamics. Measurement of the diffusion rate allows a T dependent length scale to be derived from the data that can be assigned to a quantum entanglement length ξ
E. Another entanglement measure, the Quantum Fisher Information F
Q can also be obtained from the data and its T dependence is compared to that of ξ
E.
Muon studies of the proton conducting polymer Nafion
Authors: Pratt F L , Baker P J , Blundell S J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The fluorinated ionomer Nafion, first discovered by the Du Pont company, is a material that provides efficient proton conducting membranes for application in important technological areas such as hydrogen fuel cells. Although many aspects of the polymer have been studied in relation to these applications, the microscopic mechanisms for proton transport in this polymer are still only poorly understood. We have therefore applied implanted muon techniques to the study of Nafion, aiming to gain information about these mechanisms via the muon acting as a local spin probe. Our results indicate that the muon is highly sensitive to the hydration state of the polymer and to the dynamical processes of the various sub-phases within the material. A three component model is found to describe the data well. This model has one F-µ-F component, reflecting muons in the PTFE-like polymer matrix, a second component representing quasi-static environments dominated by a single close proton and a third component encompassing highly dynamic proton-coupled environments. The properties have been studied within this modelling framework as a function of temperature for both dehydrated and fully hydrated samples.
Magnetic Properties of Multifunctional 7LiFePO4 under Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Miniotaite Ugne , Forslund Ola Kenji , Nocerino Elisabetta , Elson Frank , Palm Rasmus , Matsubara Nami , Ge Yuqing , Khasanov Rustem , Kobayashi Genki , Sassa Yasmine , Weissenrieder Jonas , Pomjakushin Vladimir , Andreica Daniel , Sugiyama Jun , Månsson Martin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
LiFePO4 (LFPO) is an archetypical and well-known cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. However, its quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) structure along with the Fe ions, LFPO also displays interesting low-temperature magnetic properties. Our team has previously utilized the muon spin rotation (µ
+SR) technique to investigate both magnetic spin order as well as Li-ion diffusion in LFPO. In this initial study we extend our investigation and make use of high-pressure µ
+SR to investigate effects on the low-T magnetic order. Contrary to theoretical predictions we find that the magnetic ordering temperature as well as the ordered magnetic moment increase at high pressure (compressive strain).
Near-surface dynamics of the ionic liquid EMIM-Ac above and below the glass transition
Authors: Fujimoto D , Karner V L , Dehn M H , Dunsiger S R , Hemmingsen L , Kiefl R F , McFadden R M L , Michal C A , Morris G D , Li R , Pearson M , Szunyogh D , Thoeng E , Ticknor J O , MacFarlane W A , Stachura M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In our prior work, we showed that β-detected nuclear magnetic resonance (β-NMR) was a good probe of bulk room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) dynamics and dynamic heterogeneity. We now investigate how the surface modifies these properties, presenting the first depth-resolved β-NMR measurements in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate as a liquid, supercooled liquid, and glass. This interfacial region is important for understanding how constrained dimensionality affects dynamics. We show that both the surface and the glass transition have a large impact on molecular dynamics, which in many aspects differs greatly from our expectations based on polymer glasses. For example, in the glassy phase the surface dynamics appear to be faster than in the bulk (i.e., liquid-like), yet just as heterogeneous (i.e., glass-like).