bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approach to privacy-aware image analysis on edge devices using CNNs
Authors: Bendig Fabian , Naroska Edwin , Weberskirch Marcus 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents our approach to a privacy preserving person detection algorithm on edge computing devices. It utilizes a commonly used neural network architecture (VGG16) to encode an image by passing it through a fixed number of layers of the network on the edge device. The resulting feature vector can then be transmitted over the network to a more powerful computer (e.g. in the cloud) to be passed through the remaining layers of VGG16. As a result, the transmitted feature vector is only an abstract representation of the image. However, our research has shown that it is in fact possible to reconstruct most images by their respecting feature vectors if a potential attacker can tap into the network transmission by using a decoder network. Our approach to mitigate that risk is to preprocess the transmitted feature vector randomly by different manipulation methods. We used methods like mean filter or random null value insertion to manipulate the feature vector before it gets transmitted and show that those methods are able to counter the reconstruction capabilities of a decoder network while still preserving the capabilities of the original VGG16 network. The actual VGG16 network was used for object detection.We used the faces in the wild dataset and utilized two different approaches to confirm our approach. First, we used the VGGFace-Network on the decoded images and tried to let it identify people from the former mentioned dataset. The second approach used a group of 26 participants who had to match the decoder image to one of five images. In our experiments, we found different combinations of manipulation and number of layers on the edge device to preserve the detection capability of VGG16 (e.g. object detection) while preventing VGGFace and the participating group from identifying the shown people.
An affordable and safe system for game-based therapy of the ankle joint
Authors: Shah Nazar Peiman , Luebbe Nico , Pott Peter P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Musculoskeletal and nervous system injuries and strokes can influence the ankle in a way, that rehabilitation exercise is inevitable to regain a patient’s quality of life. However, increasing needs for physiotherapists and complex machinery for independent rehabilitation limit the patient’s possibility of experiencing proper care. One approach to address this issue is developing an affordable, safe, and cheap treatment solution. This paper presents a mechanically actuated ankle rehabilitation mechanism, which incorporates the use of the patients’ upper limbs to work on the ankle's range of motion. The mechanism consists of a Four-Bar linkage (FBL) to translate rotary motion into an oscillating angular displacement of the ankle. It provides the base for gamified ankle rehabilitation, acting as an input device for the game, controlled by the user; adopting the mechanism with the commercial games and required steps for designing a game for rehabilitation purposes.
The potential role of 3D-printed phantoms in quality control of artificial intelligence-based algorithms in medical imaging
Authors: Pashazadeh Ali , Hoeschen Christoph 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To ensure accurate and consistent imaging of patients, medical imaging systems are controlled and tested using phantoms. Despite the availability of commercial standard phantoms for decades, 3D printing technology has gained special attention as a tool for producing accurate and costeffective tissue-mimicking phantoms. As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly prevalent in medical imaging, dedicated phantoms are needed for testing their reliability, robustness, and quality before they are implemented in clinical settings. In this context, 3D-printed imaging phantoms, which have specific requirements relevant to AI models, can play a crucial role. Due to its unique ability to create phantoms of almost any complexity, 3D printing technology seems a suitable approach for the quality control of AI models in medical imaging. The following reviews some of the works that used 3D-printed technology to create custom-built phantoms for use in Computed Tomography (CT), nuclear imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and ultrasound imaging. The focus of this short review is on the accuracy of 3D-printed technology in creating imaging phantoms. In the end, the potential of the 3D-printed phantoms in testing and quality control of AI-based algorithms in radiology is discussed.
Simulation study of the effect of the geometrical parameters on the performance of a beta probe
Authors: Pashazadeh Ali , Hoeschen Christoph 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An intraoperative probe is a small tool used to identify, locate, and dissect pathological lesions during surgery and confirm their removal. The most common type of probe is the gamma probe, which detects gamma-emitting sources. Despite the successful use of gamma probes in clinics, their application can be limited when the background radiation from healthy tissue nearby or the injection site is high. In these cases, the use of beta probes that detect beta-emitting radiotracers would be beneficial. The shorter range of beta radiation compared to gamma radiation would result in improved detection efficacy when background radiation is significant. In this simulation study, we examined how geometrical parameters may impact the performance of a beta probe. Our results showed that the source depth inside the phantom and detector size affected the performance of the beta probe. We also proposed and evaluated two designs of beta probes capable of adjusting their performance.
Silent ICU based on IEEE 11073 SDC
Authors: Kasparick Martin , Klotz Tobias , Thürk Gregor , Andersen Björn , Rother Benjamin , Golatowski Frank , Neumuth Thomas , Rockstroh Max 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Patients and caregivers suffer from alarm-related noise in today’s hospitals. While this is a topic for all fields of care, this challenge is especially relevant for intensive care units (ICUs). The noise harms patients, hinders the recovery process, or can even lead to psychosis. For the caregivers, noise causes an enormous stress level and in combination with the high number of clinically irrelevant or false alarms it leads to alarm fatigue and desensitization. These problems result in documented deaths of patients. Therefore, we present a demonstrator of a Silent ICU. Based on a distributed alarm system, the medical devices at the bedside do not create any audio alarm signals, as long as a remote alarm notification system is connected and works properly. An ICU bed place consists of devices from different manufacturers. Thus, a standardized interconnection is necessary. Therefore, we use IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) to create a cross-manufacturer distributed alarm system with components from three different companies. A fourth company provides a documentation system for this demonstrator. Patients and caregivers will greatly benefit from Silent ICUs and smart distributed alarm systems that will be build based on interoperable cross-manufacturer environments.
Basic studies on the influence of hemorrhage on the antimicrobial effect of visible light in a trachea model
Authors: Nuding Katharina , Buehler Jule , Sicks Ben , Hoenes Katharina , Lotfi Ramin , Radermacher Peter , Spellerberg Barbara , Hessling Martin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumoniae (VAP) are a major problem in intensive care units. Previous in vitro experiments revealed that blue or violet luminescent endotracheal tubes are capable of inhibiting bacterial growth and may thus prevent pathogens from entering the lung. However, while these in vitro studies were conducted in a relatively transparent bacterial suspension, subglottic secretions around endotracheal tubes can also contain highly absorbent components, such as blood. To investigate if light has an antimicrobial effect under such conditions, staphylococcal solutions containing various absorbent components were irradiated by blue or violet luminescent endotracheal tubes for up to 24 h in a tracheal model. Light was generated externally by LEDs or lasers and entered the tube via light guides. An antimicrobial effect was observed for blue and violet light, which was, however, inhibited to some extent in the presence of light adsorbing molecules. Under these conditions, violet light had a stronger effect than blue at low absorptions, while at strong absorptions the effects converged, with blue light even exhibiting a slightly stronger impact. Significant differences between lasers and LEDs could not be detected. In our model, inhibition of bacterial growth could be observed even in the presence of light absorbing molecules. Illuminating endotracheal tubes with blue or violet light may thus represent a promising strategy to migration of bacteria from the oropharynx into the trachea and, thereby, possibly decrease the incidence of VAP.
Thermal measurements of a muscle-mimicking phantom during ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Garcia Maíra M. , Oliveira Tiago R. , Chaim Khallil T. , Otaduy Maria C. G. , Bruns Christian , Svejda Jan T. , Bernarding Johannes , Erni Daniel , Zylka Waldemar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
At ultra-high field MRI (Bo>7T) it is crucial to predict and control the patient safety. Commonly patient safety is controlled by the power deposited in the tissue (specific absorption rate - SAR). However, temperature distributions do not always correlate directly with SAR distributions, which makes temperature control also a crucial parameter to guarantee patient safety. In this work, temperature changes were accessed by MR thermometry, specifically by the proton resonance frequency shift technique (PRF). A phantom mimicking muscle tissue was used to evaluate the temperature rise caused by the radiofrequency (RF) absorption during 7T MRI, applied through a commercial birdcage head coil. A pulse-sequence protocol was implemented for both, the generation of temperature increase and the MR thermometry. To control the temperature, a digital thermometer was used, and oil tubes were utilized to dismiss the drift effects for PRF. Measurements of the phantom’s dielectric characteristics, i.e. conductivity and permittivity, were in good agreement with the literature values for muscle. Spatio-temporal evaluations showed a temperature increase in time via RF exposure and the feasibility of measuring temperature maps using the PRF shift method. The accuracy of the PRF shift method increased when the drift effects were quantified and dismissed, indicating a PRF reading accuracy differing less than 0.5 °C from the thermometer. Results also validate our heating and temperature imaging protocol. This study is a valuable contribution to the evaluation of heating effects caused by RF absorption and demonstrates potential impact on future thermal investigations, which may use different heating sources, as well validate thermal simulations.
Inkjet printability of Celecoxib drug solutions
Authors: Sannan Ahmed , Mau Robert , Eickner Thomas , Teske Michael , Grabow Niels , Seitz Hermann 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Inkjet printing is a versatile tool for the precise positioning of droplets that is used in many application areas such as 3D printing, biotechnology or pharmacy. This work focused on comparing the inkjet printability of different drug solutions of celecoxib (CLX), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, to produce drug depots in medical implants. CLX was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and a mixture of DMSO and PEGDA in a ratio of 1:1. The pure solvents and the drug solutions were inkjet printed using a Nanoplotter 2.1 with the NanoTip J printhead (GeSiM mbH, Radeberg, Germany). The voltage was varied from 60 V to 150 V using a step size of 5 V. Droplet volume and the trajectory of the droplets were investigated. For DMSO, DMSO-CLX, DMSO-PEGDA and DMSOPEGDA- CLX, reproducible droplet formation occurred with a droplet volume of approximately 300 pl - 500 pl and not more than one satellite droplet in a voltage range between 60 V to 80 V. Inkjet printing of PEGDA and PEGDA-CLX was not reproducible in the range of 60 V to 150 V. DMSO, DMSOPEGDA, DMSO-CLX and DMSO-PEGDA-CLX showed a high inkjet printability. In contrast, inkjet printability of PEGDA and PEGDA-CLX was very limited.
Enabling Data-Driven Nursing Innovations: User-centered Development of a Nursing Data Module
Authors: Warnecke Maren , Holle Daniela , Burmann Anja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The documentation landscape for nursing care data in Germany is predominantly heterogeneous and unstructured. Therefore, insightful methods such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) are difficult to implement. We propose a stepwiseapproach that identifies relevant information from nursing theory and practice and maps it to a standardized nursing core data set to enable data-based improvement of nursing care. This can be used for various use-cases in care, such as risk detection and prevention in diverse care contexts. Many care processes can benefit of a cross-facility and standardized repository and associated applications. We propose an approach that enables the use of AI while leveraging consensus and evidenced-based expert knowledge from nursing science.
Fully integrated Windows framework for source localization with MNE Python and FreeSurfer
Authors: Oppermann Hannes , Wulf Simon , Komosar Milana , Haueisen Jens 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There is a variety of software packages, toolboxes, or libraries for the analysis and processing of neurophysiological data such as EEG and MEG. Many of these solutions provide algorithms for both, sensor-space analysis and sourcespace analysis. Especially with the solutions that run on Windows machines, it is noticeable that the step of the volume model generation is usually not included, since the state-ofthe- art software for this (FreeSurfer) is a Unix-based software and thus not available forWindows machines. Therefore, our goal was to develop a fully-integrated software solution for Windows machines, accessing all processing steps already implemented in an existing toolbox and using FreeSurfer in the same system. Due to its widespread use, we chose MNE Python as the basis for our fully integrated software solution. We used the Windows Subsystem for Linux to create a virtual Linux kernel for the FreeSurfer installation. To demonstrate the workflow, the libeep, and AutoReject libraries have been added. A 64-channel EEG recording during right-hand movement (ME) and imagination (MI) was used to test the implemented workflow. The developed framework consists of several modules within Python, mainly using existing scripts and functions. The library libeep was integrated to read the EEG data with the ‘.cnt’, eeprope format. AutoReject was used to automatically interpolate detected bad channels or to reject complete epochs. FreeSurfer was successfully integrated and customized Python scripts enabled the communication between MNE Python on a Windows machine and FreeSurfer on a virtual Linux kernel. With the above-mentioned EEG dataset, we performed source reconstruction and were able to show ERD/S patterns for both, ME and MI. Our new, fullyintegrated software framework can be used on Windows machines to perform a complete process of source reconstruction.
Fabrication of polymer-based stents: Impact of test specimen manufacturing protocol
Authors: Koper Daniela , Kaule Sebastian , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Oschatz Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Various manufacturing techniques are available for polymer stent fabrication. Polymer semi-finished products can be prepared using solvent based methods, e.g. dip coating, as well as thermal processes, e.g. extrusion. These different methods may lead to an altered polymer crystal structure, resulting in a different deformation mechanism during mechanical stress. For the material property characterization needed for implant development, the test specimens usually are prepared using laser-cut or die-cut methods. Due to these different preparation protocols, a change in polymer microstructure, causing a material property variation, may also result. For this purpose, comparison of laser-cut versus die-cut of PLLA films has been performed. PLLA films have been prepared by dip-coating and were evaluated with respect to structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this study, a combination of uniaxial tensile tests, SEM and DSC studies was used. The results of the mechanical tests showed drastic differences in the elongations at break of die-cut specimens compared to laser-cut ones. The results point out formation of complex crystal structures during the manufacturing process. By the use of SEM imaging and DSC measurements, we were able to attribute these changes to the different plastic deformation mechanisms.
Pirfenidone release from ophthalmic implants – perspectives for a drug-eluting microstent for glaucoma therapy
Authors: Reske Thomas , Stahnke Thomas , Bajer Dalibor , Grabow Niels , Khaimov Valeria , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Siewert Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma and its adjustment to physiological levels can prevent progression of the disease. If conventional drop-based glaucoma therapy fails, surgical interventions such as trabeculectomy or the application of implants, which drain aqueous humour from the eye and thus reduce intraocular pressure, are used as final therapeutic procedures. These interventions are becoming increasingly minimally invasive and the drainage implants are getting steadily smaller, which is why these interventions are now called microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). Both, surgery and drainage implant-based glaucoma therapy are limited by wound healing processes and fibrosis that occlude the newly created drainage pathways for the aqueous humour. To suppress unwanted postoperative fibrosis coupled with an increased extracellular matrix production, cytostatics like mitomycin c or 5- fluorouracil are currently used, which are associated with side effects. Therefore, more specific antifibrotic agents are key for a durable functionality of the interventions in glaucoma therapy. In this study a specific active substance (pirfenidone, PFD) was added in a polymer matrix for controlled release. Previous studies have shown that the release of pirfenidone from a thermoplastic silicone polycarbonate elastomer, which could be used as a material for a glaucoma drainage implant, has been relatively fast. To decelerate the release the influence of the alternate polymers Poly-L-Lactide (PLLA) and Poly-D,LLactide (PDLLA) as alternative drug carriers was investigated. Furthermore, a reduction of the pirfenidone content was used to delay the release.
Test methods for evaluation of balloon expandable vascular stents – measurement of radial strength and stiffness
Authors: Brandt-Wunderlich Christoph , Schmidt Wolfram , Thiesen Alexander , Reinhardt Falk , Stiehm Michael , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Siewert Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The radial strength of balloon expandable stents represents a key property for a successful recanalization of sclerotic blood vessels. This study focuses on the most commonly used method for investigation of radial strength and radial stiffness via segmented head test setup. A custom made user software was used for evaluation of the radial force curves considering requirements of international standards such as ASTM F3067. Contributing factors during measurement such as friction and test setup deformation as well as the single cycle and multi cycle approach were addressed and discussed.
Determination of material properties from tissue samples of low strength and size
Authors: Lebahn Kerstin , Tautorat Carsten , Bonin Franziska , Schmidt Wolfram , Grabow Niels 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Uniaxial tensile tests are the most common method for investigating the mechanical properties of materials. However, due to the small strength and size of certain materials, larger conventional universal testing machines are sometimes not suitable for performing elongation testing, so dedicated test setups are required. Therefore, the authors developed a testing device to measure the mechanical properties of small, flexible materials, e.g. fragile specimens of the capsular bag of the eye. Also different variants for specimen holders were designed and tested. Initial tests using eggshell membranes as a model material demonstrated the functionality of the test setup at different strain rates.
Ceftriaxone-loaded PLLA-co-PEG nonwovens towards implant-associated infection prevention
Authors: Oschatz Stefan , Koper Daniela , Illner Sabine , Senz Volkmar , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Grabow Niels 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Implant-associated infections remain a challenge in biomedical engineering and prevention of such complications is a topical subject. For that, local drug delivery is associated with a number of advantages over systemic antibiosis. In this context, incorporation of antibiotic drugs into fibrous nonwovens is a promising approach for the generation of antiinfective implant envelopes or wrappings. Such materials can be manufactured in large scale and electrospinning process is suitable for a wide range of drugs to be incorporated. With regard to increasing numbers of pacemaker implantations and associated risk factors for infections, biodegradable ceftriaxone loaded poly(L-lactide)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLLA-co-PEG) nonwovens have been characterised concerning the influence of the drug on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties and drug release behaviour. Our results show that the chosen material combination is promising for further approaches towards an antiinfective nonwoven pacemaker envelope.
Design of a miniaturized wearable EIT system for imaging and hand gesture recognition
Authors: Liebing Tom , Kähler Dennis , Kern Thorsten A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hand gesture recognition using data from electrical impedance tomography (EIT) systems offers many promising applications, for example in the field of human-computer interaction. Due to its real-time capability and the use of harmless currents for humans, it can be used in medicine, robotics, or virtual environments. As already shown in similar works, for example by Zhang et al. finding a good compromise between accuracy, precision, framerate and the size of the system is a challenge [1], [2]. This work presents a truly wearable compact EIT system on a single 24.9 mm × 22.5 mm circuit board consisting of standard components without application-specific integrated circuit. A neural network (NN) classifies two gestures. It is able to distinguish two different gestures with an accuracy of 78,33 % and a precision of 76,56 %. This work has a strong focus on the size of the system and provides a starting point for further research in compact wearable gesture recognition systems. It shows the challenge of the compromise between size and quality of the signals.