bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the Chemistry of Layered Solids and Nanosheets: Chemistry and Structure of MAX Phases, MAB Phases and MXenes
Authors: Kubitza Niels , Büchner Carina , Sinclair Jordan , Snyder Rose M. , Birkel Christina S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMAX phases are layered solids with unique properties combining characteristics of ceramics and metals. MXenes are their two‐dimensional siblings that can be synthesized as van der Waals‐stacked and multi‐/single‐layer nanosheets, which possess chemical and physical properties that make them interesting for a plethora of applications. Both families of materials are highly versatile in terms of their chemical composition and theoretical studies suggest that many more members are stable and can be synthesized. This is very intriguing because new combinations of elements, and potentially new structures, can lead to further (tunable) properties. In this review, we focus on the synthesis science (including non‐conventional approaches) and structure of members less investigated, namely compounds with more exotic M‐, A‐, and X‐elements, for example nitrides and (carbo)nitrides, and the related family of MAB phases.
A new indica rice germplasm with Arabidopsis‐like life cycle and high‐efficiency genetic transformation as a model system for functional genomics research
Authors: Xiang Zhipan , Zhang Lin , Chen Yi , Zhang Mingze , Yao Yuxian , Long Yingxia , Chen Qiuhong , Mao Dandan , Chen Liangbi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFunctional genomics research on indica rice is often hindered by its long growth cycle and recalcitrance to genetic transformation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for Arabidopsis‐like indica rice varieties that have a high efficiency in genetic transformation in order to facilitate functional genomics research. Here, we report the development of a new indica variety, named 6‐23, which has a significantly short growth cycle and can be used as an indica model system. 6‐23 is a recombinant inbred line created by crossing Chaling common wild rice with indica rice Guanglu'ai‐4. The heading date of 6‐23 is 45–55 days, which is about 30 days shorter than the model japonica rice Nipponbare (Nip). Additionally, 6‐23 has more primary branches and grains per panicle compared to Nip. We further optimized the Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic transformation system of 6‐23, achieving a transformation efficiency of over 80%, equivalent to that of japonica rice. The callus regeneration efficiency of 6‐23 exceeded 95%, which was superior to Nip. The highest genome editing efficiency mediated by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) was ∼71% under the 6‐23 background, and the genome‐edited plants were suitable for phenotypic analysis. Moreover, the construction of transgenic and genome‐edited plants using 6‐23 does not affect the heading date. Taken together, 6‐23 can be used as an indica model system for functional genomics research.
All‐Organic Battery Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent and Redox‐Active Polymers**
Authors: Uhl Matthias , Sadeeda  , Penert Philipp , Schuster Philipp A. , Schick Benjamin W. , Muench Simon , Farkas Attila , Schubert Ulrich S. , Esser Birgit , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , Jacob Timo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSustainable battery concepts are of great importance for the energy storage demands of the future. Organic batteries based on redox‐active polymers are one class of promising storage systems to meet these demands, in particular when combined with environmentally friendly and safe electrolytes. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) represent a class of electrolytes that can be produced from sustainable sources and exhibit in most cases no or only a small environmental impact. Because of their non‐flammability, DESs are safe, while providing an electrochemical stability window almost comparable to established battery electrolytes and much broader than typical aqueous electrolytes. Here, we report the first all‐organic battery cell based on a DES electrolyte, which in this case is composed of sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) and N‐methylacetamide (NMA) alongside the electrode active materials poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl‐oxyl methacrylate) (PTMA) and crosslinked poly(vinylbenzylviologen) (X‐PVBV2+). The resulting cell shows two voltage plateaus at 1.07 V and 1.58 V and achieves Coulombic efficiencies of 98 %. Surprisingly, the X‐PVBV/X‐PVBV+ redox couple turned out to be much more stable in NaTFSI : NMA 1 : 6 than the X‐PVBV+/X‐PVBV2+ couple, leading to asymmetric capacity fading during cycling tests.
Design theory of broadband high‐efficiency continuous Class EF power amplifier based on new continuous factor
Authors: Chang Rong , Luo Yonglun , Hong Guoping 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis paper presents the design theory for continuous Class EF power amplifier (PA). This theory facilitates the implementation of broadband designs for high‐efficient Class EF PA. First, combining with the switching operating conditions and harmonic tuning technique, the drain waveform expressions of Class EF PA is derived. The corresponding third harmonic component can get its impedance in form of pure reactance, which simplifies the matching process while maintaining the efficiency. Second, a new continuous factor (CF) dedicated to the continuous Class EF PA can be obtained, with applying waveform mapping concept. The new CF expands the impedance point of Class EF PA into the impedance space. This greatly enhance the flexibility of broadband design. With this new theory, the design of broadband Class EF PA becomes very simple. As a verification, a Class EF PA operating at 2.4–3.8 GHz has been designed using CREE GaN HEMT CGH40010F. The PA can achieve the gain of 9.1–11.2 dB, the output power of 39.1–41.2 dBm, the PAE of 66.3%–74.1%, and the DE of 69.5%–76.2%. Both simulated and measured data show very good consistency and prove the rationality and validity of the proposed theory.
State of charge estimation for the vanadium redox flow battery based on the Sage–Husa adaptive extended Kalman filter
Authors: Zixuan Luo , Dawei Qu , Luyan Fan , Shuo Yang 
Published: July 2023

SummaryFocusing on improving the accuracy of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) state of charge (SOC) estimation, this paper will combine the extended Kalman filter (EKF) estimator with the Sage–Husa adaptive method, referred to as the SAEKF estimator. Firstly, a second‐order Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) is established to provide the correct parameterization and degrees of freedom. Next, under a hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) text, the parameter estimator in MATLAB/Simulink is utilized to identify the ECM parameters by using nonlinear least squares method with Trust‐Region‐Reflective (TRR) iterative algorithm. Then, during the HPPC test, the estimators implemented on the ARM‐Cortex STM32F103 estimate the VRFB SOC under both the 0°C and 5°C conditions. Finally, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the IEKF estimator are 4.66% at the 0°C and 0.895% at the 5°C. In the meantime, the MAE of the SAEKF estimator are 4.15% at the 0°C and 0.703% at the 5°C. The evaluation factors of the 0°C and 5°C experiments in the SAEKF estimator are smaller than those of the IEKF and EKF estimators, indicating that the SAEKF estimator outperforms the IEKF estimator in VRFB SOC estimation.
Differential gene expression in response to fungal pathogen exposure in the aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia dentifera
Authors: Terrill Sondag Emily E. , Stewart Merrill Tara E. , Drnevich Jenny , Holmes Jessica R. , Fischer Eva K. , Cáceres Carla E. , Strickland Lynette R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile vertebrate immune systems are appreciated for their complexity and adaptability, invertebrate immunity is often considered to be less complex. However, immune responses in many invertebrates likely involve sophisticated processes. Interactions between the crustacean host Daphnia dentifera and its fungal pathogen Metschnikowia bicuspidata provide an excellent model for exploring the mechanisms underlying crustacean immunity. To explore the genomic basis of immunity in Daphnia, we used RNA‐sequencing technology to quantify differential gene expression between individuals of a single host genotype exposed or unexposed to M. bicuspidata over 24 h. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the number of differentially expressed genes between the control (unexposed) and experimental (exposed) groups increased over time. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched for immune‐related molecules and processes, such as cuticle development, prostaglandin, and defense response processes. Our findings provide a suite of immunologically relevant genes and suggest the presence of a rapidly upregulated immune response involving the cuticle in Daphnia. Studies involving gene expression responses to pathogen exposure shine a light on the processes occurring during the course of infection. By leveraging knowledge on the genetic basis for immunity, immune mechanisms can be more thoroughly understood to refine our understanding of disease spread within invertebrate populations.
Liposoluble vitamin B1 microcapsules: Preparation, characterization, stabilization, and bioaccessibility
Authors: Tian Juan , Peng Guilin , Qu Xiaodi , Yao Yunping , Li Changmo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThiamine (VB1) is an essential water‐soluble vitamin that is necessary in our daily diet. However, its instability when exposed to external factors poses a limitation on its application in the food industry. To address this issue and increase its application in fat‐rich food systems, this study developed liposoluble VB1 microcapsules via freeze‐drying, utilizing β‐cyclodextrin as a wall material and polyglycerol fatty acid ester as an emulsifying agent. The VB1 microcapsules were characterized in terms of their particle size distribution, morphology, solubility, and stability in soybean oil, as well as their in vitro bioaccessibility. The results showed that the average particle size of VB1 microcapsules was 83.73 μm with a nonuniform, somewhat wrinkled spherical structure. The solubility of the VB1 microcapsules in soybean oil was increased to 142.86 mg kg–1. The retention rates of VB1 in soybean oil was found to be above 95% after 48 h of UV irradiation and 96.44% after heating for 7 days at 60°C. The presence of VB1 microcapsules did not significant impact on the oxidation stability of soybean oil. The bioaccessibility of VB1 in soybean oil was 82.81%. This work provides a useful and novel direction for the application of VB1 in high‐fat diets.Practical applications: VB1 is one of the B‐group vitamins that assists in maintaining normal glucose metabolism. However, it is readily inactivated when exposed to UV radiation, certain pH conditions, and other factors. In this work, the VB1 microcapsules prepared by freeze‐drying exhibited high liposolubility, stability, and bioaccessibility, rendering them suitable for applications in oil‐based systems. This work not only provides a new delivery system to facilitate VB1 supplementation in humans, but also helps to elucidate its application prospect of VB1 in fat‐rich foods, such as edible oil, butter, margarine, rich‐fat dressings, and so on, thus improves the application value of VB1.
Testing of two SNP array–based genealogy algorithms using extended Han Chinese pedigrees and recommendations for improved performances in forensic practice
Authors: Liu Jing , Wei Yi‐Liang , Yang Lan , Jiang Li , Zhao Wen‐Ting , Li Cai‐Xia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDistant genetic relatives can be linked to a crime scene sample by computing identity‐by‐state (IBS) and identity‐by‐descent (IBD) shared by individuals. To test the methods of genetic genealogy estimation and optimal the parameters for forensic investigation, a family‐based genetic genealogy analysis was performed using a dataset of 262 Han Chinese individuals from 11 families. The dataset covered relative pairs from 1st‐ to 14th degrees. But the 7th‐degree relative is the most distant kinship to be fully investigated, and each individual has ∼200 relatives within the 7th degree. The KING algorithm by calculating IBS and IBD statistics can correctly discriminate the first‐degree relationships of monozygotic twin, parent–offspring and full sibling. The inferred relationship was reliable within the fifth‐degree, false positive rate <1.8%. The IBD segment algorithm, GERMLINE + ERSA, could provide reliable inference result prolonged to eighth degree. Analysis of IBD segments produced obviously false negative estimations (<27.4%) rather than false positives (0%) within the eighth‐degree inferences. We studied different minimum IBD segment threshold settings (changed from >0 to 6 cM); the inferred results did not make much difference. In distant relative analysis, genetically undetectable relationships begin to occur from the sixth degree (second cousin once removed), which means the offspring after seven meiotic divisions may share no ancestor IBD segment at all. Application of KING and GERMLINE + ERSA worked complementarily to ensure accurate inference from first degree to eighth degree. Using simulated low call rate data, the KING algorithm shows better tolerance to marker decrease compared with the GERMLINE + ERSA segment algorithm.
Multiscale quantification of morphological heterogeneity with creation of a predictor of longer survival in glioblastoma
Authors: Prokop Georg , Wiestler Benedikt , Hieber Daniel , Withake Fynn , Mayer Karoline , Gempt Jens , Delbridge Claire , Schmidt‐Graf Friederike , Pfarr Nicole , Märkl Bruno , Schlegel Jürgen , Liesche‐Starnecker Friederike 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntratumor heterogeneity is a main cause of the dismal prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Yet, there remains a lack of a uniform assessment of the degree of heterogeneity. With a multiscale approach, we addressed the hypothesis that intratumor heterogeneity exists on different levels comprising traditional regional analyses, but also innovative methods including computer‐assisted analysis of tumor morphology combined with epigenomic data. With this aim, 157 biopsies of 37 patients with therapy‐naive IDH‐wildtype GBM were analyzed regarding the intratumor variance of protein expression of glial marker GFAP, microglia marker Iba1 and proliferation marker Mib1. Hematoxylin and eosin stained slides were evaluated for tumor vascularization. For the estimation of pixel intensity and nuclear profiling, automated analysis was used. Additionally, DNA methylation profiling was conducted separately for the single biopsies. Scoring systems were established to integrate several parameters into one score for the four examined modalities of heterogeneity (regional, cellular, pixel‐level and epigenomic). As a result, we could show that heterogeneity was detected in all four modalities. Furthermore, for the regional, cellular and epigenomic level, we confirmed the results of earlier studies stating that a higher degree of heterogeneity is associated with poorer overall survival. To integrate all modalities into one score, we designed a predictor of longer survival, which showed a highly significant separation regarding the OS. In conclusion, multiscale intratumor heterogeneity exists in glioblastoma and its degree has an impact on overall survival. In future studies, the implementation of a broadly feasible heterogeneity index should be considered.
Colored Woven Cloth‐Based Textile for Passive Radiative Heating
Authors: Zhu Yining , Wang Wenjuan , Zhou Yiwei , Qin Rui , Qin Bing , Zhou Tianze , Qiu Min , Li Qiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPersonal thermal management is attracting growing attention due to the aggravation of climate anomalies and the increasing emphasis on physical health. Passive radiative heating textiles offer a promising solution to improve thermal comfort without energy consumption; however, using woven cloth to achieve passive heating while still exhibiting an aesthetic appearance remains a problem. Here, a colored textile based on woven cloth that features superior passive radiative heating capability without sacrificing aesthetics is demonstrated. By coating infrared transparent inorganic nanoparticles on MXene‐decorated cotton, the textile achieves selectively visible reflectance for desired color, high near‐infrared absorptivity, and low mid‐infrared emissivity for passive heating management, as well as uniformly distributed nanopores for wearability. Thermal tests on simulated skin and real human bodies show considerable temperature increases compared to pure cottons. Owing to its easy manufacturing process and remarkable spectral engineering capability, this textile can be further applied to energy conservation and multi‐spectral camouflage.
An interdisciplinary framework for navigating social–climatic tipping points
Authors: Graham Sonia , Wary Melanie , Calcagni Fulvia , Cisneros Mercè , de Luca Claudia , Gorostiza Santiago , Stedje Hanserud Ola , Kallis Giorgos , Kotsila Panagiota , Leipold Sina , Malumbres‐Olarte Jagoba , Partridge Tristan , Petit‐Boix Anna , Schaffartzik Anke , Shokry Galia , Tirado‐Herrero Sergio , van den Bergh Jeroen , Ziveri Patrizia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

To effectively navigate out of the climate crisis, a new interdisciplinary approach is needed to guide and facilitate research that integrates diverse understandings of how transitions evolve in intertwined social–environmental systems.

The concept of tipping points, frequently used in the natural sciences and increasingly in the social sciences, can help elucidate processes underlying major social–environmental transitions. We develop the notion of interlinked ‘social–climatic tipping points’ in which desirability and intentionality are key constitutive features alongside stable states, feedbacks, reversibility and abruptness.

We demonstrate the new insights that our interdisciplinary framework can provide by analysing the slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and associated flooding of the Ahr Valley in Germany as a social–climatic tipping point.

This framework can enable more sustainable and equitable futures by prioritising social–climatic tipping points for interdisciplinary research, identifying opportunities for action, and evaluating the nuanced desirability and acceptability of proposed solutions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effects of different drying methods on the contents of active ingredients of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk and optimization of the drying process by response surface methodology
Authors: Sun Xiaoxu , Tang Zhishu , Song Zhongxing , Duan Jinao , Wang Changli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionSaposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk is one of the most widely used Chinese herbs worldwide. It has anti‐inflammatory and analgesic properties and hence has a high clinical value. As the moisture level in S. divaricata is high after harvest, it requires drying.ObjectiveWe aimed to find a scientific drying method and optimize the drying conditions of the best drying method of S. divaricata using response surface methodology (RSM).MethodologyThe effects of 4 different drying methods on the contents of prim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 5‐O‐methylvisamminol, and sec‐O‐glucosylhamaudol were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Chroma, the rehydration ratio, and active component content were used as indices, and slice thickness, drying temperature, and drying time were used as independent variables to optimize the drying conditions of the optimal drying method of S. divaricata using RSM combined with the Box–Behnken design.ResultsThe results showed that the optimal drying conditions were as follows: slice thickness, 4.00 mm; drying temperature, 60°C; and drying time, 15 h.ConclusionUnder optimal drying conditions, the measured values were extremely close to the predicted values. The results of variance analysis showed that the model had a high degree of fit and the drying conditions of S. divaricata were optimized successfully.
Antibiotic pollution: The forerunner of global health catastrophe?
Authors: Lahiri Dibyajit , Nag Moupriya , Dey Ankita , Ray Rina Rani , Rai Nishant , Chaubey Kundan Kumar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rapid enhancement in the emergence of resistant bacteria occurring globally has endangered the efficacy of the conventional antibiotics causing threat to human at a large extent. Traces of antimicrobial drugs and their metabolites in various natural environments have resulted in enhancement of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the natural flora and fauna of the water resources. Contamination of the environment with antimicrobials encourages the bacteria to evolve ways to acquire competence which may result in the conversion of antibiotic susceptible strains to resistant bacteria. The spread of AMR varies from planktonic to sessile forms of the bacterial species by cross resistance or horizontal gene transfer resulting in blooming populations that would otherwise can be kept in check. This has created a tremendous threat to human health due to the enhancement in the resistance of microorganisms and other microbes to various types of antimicrobial drugs. Rampant use of antibiotics and improper detection of antibiotics from the sewages of the factories has resulted in the enhancement of concentration of antibiotics in the environment. This has resulted in the enhancement of death due to the persistence of such infections those cannot be treated with the conventional drugs causing a global health crisis. Hence, mitigation of this problem is of utmost importance to save lives of human beings and animals. This has forced to find out some alternate way on an urgent basis for risk management including adoption of stringent guidelines for surveillance and monitoring of these industries and development of policies are warranted to develop policies on checking antibiotic pollution as a “One Health Approach”.