bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of the digestive system and the fate of the yolk syncytial layer in postembryogenesis of Stenodus leucichthys nelma (Teleostei)
Authors: Kondakova Ekaterina A. , Bogdanova Vera A. , Ottesen Oddvar , Alexandrov Alexey A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStenodus leucichthys nelma is an economically important species for cold‐water aquaculture. Unlike other Coregoninae, S. leucichthys nelma is a piscivore. Here, we describe in detail the development of the digestive system and the yolk syncytial layer from hatching to early juvenile stage using histological and histochemical methods to determine their common and specific characteristics and to test the hypothesis that the digestive system of S. leucichthys nelma rapidly acquires adult features. The digestive tract differentiates at hatching and starts to function before the transition to mixed feeding. The mouth and anus are open, mucous cells and taste buds are present in the buccopharyngeal cavity and esophagus, pharyngeal teeth have erupted, the stomach primordium is seen, the intestinal epithelium with mucous cells is folded and the intestinal valve is observed; the epithelial cells of the postvalvular intestine contain supranuclear vacuoles. The liver blood vessels are filled with blood. The cells of exocrine pancreas are loaded with zymogen granules, and at least two islets of Langerhans are present. However, the larvae remain dependent on maternal yolk and lipids for a long time. The adult features of the digestive system develop gradually, the most significant changes take place approximately from 31 to 42 days posthatching. Then, the gastric glands and pyloric caeca buds appear, the U‐shaped stomach with glandular and aglandular regions develops, the swim bladder inflates, the number of islets of Langerhans increases, the pancreas becomes scattered, and the yolk syncytial layer undergoes programmed death during the larval‐to‐juvenile transition. During postembryonic development, the mucous cells of the digestive system contain neutral mucosubstances.
Identification and screening of fungicides against Piper nigrum basal Fusarium wilt disease in Hainan, China
Authors: Liu Shichao , Liu Ruibing , Chu Bo , Li Zhuang , Meng Qianqian , Gou Yafeng , Xue Chao , Tian Tian , Chen Pengyun , Wei Fei , Wen Siwei , Liu Yanan , Sun Shiwei , Gao Shengfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFusarium wilt has occurred in the main Piper nigrum cultivation regions, which seriously affects the yield and quality of P. nigrum. To identify the pathogen of this disease, the diseased roots were collected from a demonstration base in Hainan Province. The pathogen was obtained by tissue isolation method and confirmed by pathogenicity test. Based on the morphological observation, sequence analyses of TEF1‐α nuclear gene, Fusarium solani was identified as the pathogen causing P. nigrum Fusarium wilt and induced symptoms on inoculated plants, including chlorosis, necrotic spots, wilt, drying, and root rot. The experiments for the antifungal activity showed that all the 11 fungicides selected in this study showed certain inhibitory effects on the colony growth of F. solani, where 2% kasugamycin AS, 45% prochloraz EW, 25 g·L−1 fludioxonil SC and 430 g·L−1 tebuconazole SC exhibited relative higher inhibitory effects with EC50 as 0.065, 0.205, 0.395, and 0.483 mg·L−1, respectively, and were selected to perform SEM analysis and test in seeds in vitro. The SEM analysis showed that kasugamycin, prochloraz, fludioxonil, and tebuconazole might have exerted their antifungal effect by damaging F. solani mycelia or microconidia. These preparations were applied as a seed coating of P. nigrum Reyin‐1. The kasugamycin treatment was most effective in reducing the harmful impact of F. solani on the seed germination. These results presented herein provide useful guidance for the effective control of P. nigrum Fusarium wilt.
Why a large‐scale monsoon does not exist in North America: Orographic effects
Authors: Qin Ruyan , Chen Hongli , Xu Haiming , Deng Jiechun , Ma Jing , Hu Mei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo understand why a large‐scale monsoon does not exist in North America, we performed a series of sensitivity simulations to investigate orographic effects of the Rocky Mountains (RMs) using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1. Results show that the height of the RMs plays a fundamental role in shaping the monsoon over North America that is confined to a small area from northwestern Mexico to the southwestern United States. When the RMs' height is increased by five times their actual height, a larger part of the non‐monsoon region over North America becomes a monsoon region. The mechanical effects of the RMs uplift dominate in winter, while thermal effects dominate in summer. During winter the mechanical effects induce an equivalent barotropic atmospheric response in the troposphere. With the uplift of the RMs, the ridge and trough located on the western and eastern sides of Canada are strengthened. Most areas of North America are influenced by the northerlies during winter such that enhanced descending motion over the eastern RMs favours a dry winter climate. However, thermal effects dominate during summer through enhanced baroclinic atmospheric responses. The Mexico high and lower‐level cyclonic circulation are strengthened with the RMs uplift, triggering large‐scale ascending motion. Eastern North America is mainly controlled by the enhanced southerly wind along the western flank of the North Atlantic subtropical high. Thus, the enhanced water‐vapour transport and upward motion on the eastern side of the RMs increase summer precipitation. As a result, an obvious seasonal variation with the feature of ‘dry winter and wet summer’ finally develops, indicating that the height of the RMs plays a crucial role in shaping the monsoon over the central United States. Additional experiments show that the base area of the RMs has little effect on the large‐scale monsoon formation over North America.
Fatigue and Quality of Life in Children with Hearing Loss or Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Zhang Amy L. , Lin Rebecca Z. , Landes Emma K. , Ensing Amy E. , Getahun Henok , Lieu Judith E. C. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the fatigue levels of children with hearing loss (HL) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), hypothesizing that the fatigue experienced by children with HL is under‐recognized.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsWe identified children aged 2–18 with HL, OSA, sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), and controls from a pediatric otolaryngology clinic and sleep center. Children and/or parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (PedsQL MFS), Hearing Environments And Reflection on Quality of Life (HEAR‐QL), and OSA‐18.ResultsResponses of 50 children with HL, 79 with OSA, and 18 with SDB were compared with those of 49 recruited controls (RC) and literature controls (LC). Children with HL or OSA had higher fatigue than controls in the PedsQL MFS self‐reported (HL 65.4, OSA 54.7, RC 71.8, LC 80.5, p < 0.001) and parent‐reported (HL 64.6, OSA 59.3, RC 75.2, LC 89.6, p < 0.001). Children with HL had Cognitive Fatigue similar to that of children with OSA (self 60.4 vs. 49.5, p = 0.170; parent 56.0 vs. 56.7, p = 0.998), though with decreased Sleep/Rest Fatigue (self 67.8 vs. 56.3, p = 0.033; parent 69.8 vs. 57.5, p = 0.001). Children with HL or OSA had lower disease‐related quality of life (QOL) than controls in the HEAR‐QL and OSA‐18, respectively. Stratification with disease severity revealed no differences in fatigue.ConclusionChildren with HL or OSA experience higher fatigue and lower QOL than controls. Similar Cognitive Fatigue in both groups suggests under‐recognized fatigue in children with HL.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:443–451, 2024
Aggregate‐associated soil organic carbon fractions in subtropical soil undergoing vegetative restoration
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Zhang Yi , Zhang Ling , Fang Xiangmin , Deng Wenping , Liu Yuanqiu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrecise assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage requires understanding how vegetation and soil physico‐chemical properties differ in SOC fractions. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the dynamics of aggregate‐associated, labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions corresponding to depth to clarify the effect of vegetation and soil properties on water stable aggregate (WSA) mineral adsorption in subtropical, red soil with five vegetation restoration regimes. The results showed that the large macro‐aggregate fraction dominated the degraded red soil, which had the highest content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). WSA‐associated, easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC) varied from 6.26 to 20.02 g/kg and was not affected by vegetation types. Schima superba pure forest significantly increased DOC (0.38 g/kg on average) and particulate organic carbon (POC, 7.92 g/kg on average), which had the highest biomass. Along with soil depth, WSA‐associated POC declined, while exhibiting a growth trend with decreasing particle size, for example, the highest POC was found in <0.053 mm aggregates. The redundancy analysis ordination indicated that soil porosity and total nitrogen (TN) were the main soil parameters that explained the most variance. Meanwhile, the vegetation biomass, except for litter, were all significantly positively correlated with <0.053 mm aggregates. Leaf biomass played the most important role on DOC in macro‐aggregates with a 53.42% contribution. For aggregate‐related POC, the largest contribution was from the interactions between branch biomass and pH (47.78%) followed by TN (35.1%) of micro‐aggregate‐related POC. Leaf biomass, <0.053 mm aggregates, and TN can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of vegetation restoration on WSA‐associated SOC fractions. Broad‐leaved forest or in combination with indigenous coniferous species was a better choice for SOC sequestration improvement in the study area for managing C supply, process, and flux in subtropical terrestrial ecosystems.
Real‐Time 3D Visualization of the Formation of Micrograting Structures Upon Direct Laser Interference Patterning of Ge
Authors: Alvarez‐Alegria Miguel , Ruiz de Galarreta Carlota , Siegel Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDirect Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) is a versatile technique that enables the fabrication of periodic micro‐ to nanometric scale structures over large areas in a variety of materials. The periodically modulated excitation pattern can be exploited to trigger a range of complex processes, including heating, melting, ablation, and matter reorganization.In this work, a novel strategy is developed to combine deep‐ultraviolet (UV) DLIP (λ = 193 nm, τ = 23 ns) and real‐time optical reflectivity and diffraction techniques to unravel the formation dynamics of grating structures with periods down to Λ = 740 nm. Applied to crystalline Ge wafers, single‐pulse topography modulation profiles with amplitudes up to 85 nm can be imprinted. Moreover, the dynamics of the melting and solidification processes, as well as the surface topography deformation, can be followed in real‐time. Combined with a model, changes in topography over time with ns resolution can be obtained. The results unambiguously reveal that the formation process of the 3D structures can only be understood when taking both Marangoni convection and thermocapillary waves into account. The technique presented here has the potential to unravel the formation dynamics of a wide range of periodic structures in other materials.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a 730 nm picosecond titanium sapphire laser and a 755 nm picosecond alexandrite laser for the treatment of freckles in Asian patients: A two‐center randomized, split‐face, controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Mengli , Zheng Huiying , Ge Yiping , Yang Yin , Guo Lifang , Wu Qiuju , Zeng Rong , Shi Hualing , Huang Yuqing , Zhao Wenwen , Cai Pingping , Zhao Hongyi , Lin Tong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe 730 nm picosecond titanium sapphire laser is a novel laser that shows promising results in treating freckles. This study aimed to further investigate the efficacy and safety of the 730 nm picosecond titanium sapphire laser for treating freckles in Asian patients compared with those of the 755 nm picosecond alexandrite laser.MethodsEach face of 86 participants was split into two parts and randomly assigned either one session of 730 or 755 nm picosecond‐laser treatment each. Efficacy and safety were determined based on blinded visual evaluations and self‐reports at each follow‐up visit.ResultsThe treatment outcomes of the 730 nm picosecond laser for the treatment of freckles were comparable to those of the 755 nm picosecond laser, with 68.99 ± 7.42% and 69.27 ± 7.75% clearance, respectively (p > 0.05). Participants achieved similar Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores (4.04 ± 0.31 vs. 4.02 ± 0.30, respectively [p > 0.05]). Additionally, the 730 nm picosecond laser was perceived to be less painful than the 755 nm picosecond laser (4.69 ± 1.63 vs. 5.65 ± 1.80 nm, p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe 730 nm picosecond laser is safe and effective for the treatment of freckles in Asian patients. Besides, the 730 nm picosecond laser is less painful than the 755 nm picosecond laser.
Martingale inequalities on Musielak–Orlicz Hardy spaces
Authors: He Lechen , Peng Lihua , Xie Guangheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGiven a probability space and a Musielak–Orlicz function , we investigate martingale inequalities in the framework of Musielak–Orlicz spaces by constructing atomic decompositions. Especially, the obtained results for Musielak–Orlicz functions with particular structure, including the variable Orlicz functions , , the variable double phase‐growth , and the perturbed variable exponent function are also new. Hence, we handle the martingale inequality for the above functional in a universal way.
To neglect or to consider? Opportunity cost consideration during product sampling can accelerate satiation
Authors: Bilgin Baler , Lefkeli Deniz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSampling provides limited experience with an offering to promote its purchase, either now or later. Sampling involves an ongoing choice about whether to buy the sampled option. We propose that ongoing choice feels more like a choice when people consider opportunity costs. Consequently, we predict that opportunity cost consideration will accentuate the impact of ongoing choosing on enjoyment over time of the sampled option (i.e., a slope effect). It follows that when ongoing decision evolves toward not choosing the sampled option today, its negative impact on enjoyment should become more pronounced when people consider their opportunity costs, decreasing overall enjoyment. Studies 1, 2, and 3 provided support for this key prediction. Studies 4 and 5 showed that when the best alternative use of a resource people considered was more attractive, they experienced accelerated satiation from an unchosen sampled option. While previous research showed that opportunity cost consideration accentuated the impact of one‐time choice on evaluation (i.e., intercept effect), we showed that it accentuated the impact of ongoing choice on enjoyment over time (i.e., slope effect). We also contribute to the understanding of the factors that increase overall enjoyment of a sampling experience, which should influence future purchase likelihood.
Poly(thiophene iminoborane): A Poly(thiophene vinylene) (PTV) Analogue with a Fully BN‐Doped Backbone
Authors: Chorbacher Johannes , Maier Matthias , Klopf Jonas , Fest Maximilian , Helten Holger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn unprecedented poly(thiophene iminoborane)—a boron–nitrogen analogue of the well‐established conjugated organic polymer poly(thiophene vinylene)—is presented. The polymer synthesis is achieved by selective Si/B exchange polycondensation of a 2,5‐diborylthiophene with a 2,5‐diaminothiophene derivative. For the latter, a facile synthetic strategy is devised, which makes this versatile, strongly electron‐releasing building block easily accessible. The novel polymer and a series of monodisperse thiophene iminoborane oligomers reveal systematic bathochromic shifts in their absorption with increasing chain length, and thus extended π‐conjugation over the BN units along the backbone, which is further supported by TD‐DFT calculations.
Real‐World Driving Data Indexes Dopaminergic Treatment Effects in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Chang Jun Ha , Bhatti Danish , Rizzo Matthew , Uc Ergun Y. , Bertoni John , Merickel Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundDriving is a complex, everyday task that impacts patient agency, safety, mobility, social connections, and quality of life. Digital tools can provide comprehensive real‐world (RW) data on driver behavior in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), providing critical data on disease status and treatment efficacy in the patient's own environment.ObjectiveThis pilot study examined the use of driving data as a RW digital biomarker of PD symptom severity and dopaminergic therapy effectiveness.MethodsNaturalistic driving data (3974 drives) were collected for 1 month from 30 idiopathic PD drivers treated with dopaminergic medications. Prescriptions data were used to calculate levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD). The association between LEDD and driver mobility (number of drives) was assessed across PD severity, measured by the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS).ResultsPD drivers with worse motor symptoms based on self‐report (Part II: P = 0.02) and clinical examination (Part III: P < 0.001) showed greater decrements in driver mobility. LEDD levels >400 mg/day were associated with higher driver mobility than those with worse PD symptoms (Part I: P = 0.02, Part II: P < 0.001, Part III: P < 0.001).ConclusionsResults suggest that comprehensive RW driving data on PD patients may index disease status and treatment effectiveness to improve patient symptoms, safety, mobility, and independence. Higher dopaminergic treatment may enhance safe driver mobility in PD patients with worse symptom severity.
Optimal fresh agricultural products private brand introduction and sourcing strategy considering different power structures
Authors: Cao Kaiying , Gao Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, many fresh e‐tailers have introduced private brands (PBs). The introduction of PBs will increase product competition and incur fixed fee for e‐tailers; thus, e‐tailers need to consider whether to introduce PBs and where do they source their fresh products. To address these challenges, this paper develops theoretical models. The results show that introducing PB benefits e‐tailers if the construction fee of the PBs is relatively low. Interestingly, national brand (NB) suppliers have an incentive to negotiate with e‐tailers to order PB products from them. Moreover, the willingness to introduce PBs is influenced by the power structure.
Recent advances in the development of Rho kinase inhibitors (2015–2021)
Authors: Xu Xiangrong , Yao Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRho‐associated coiled‐coil kinases (ROCKs) are key downstream effectors of small GTPases. ROCK plays a central role in diverse cellular events with accumulating evidence supporting the concept that ROCK is important in tumor development and progression. Numerous ROCK inhibitors have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers. In this article, we review recent research progress on ROCK inhibitors, especially those with potential for the treatment of cancers, reported in the literature from 2015 to 2021. Most ROCK inhibitors show potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities and have potential in the treatment of cancers.
A high XPD performance design method for satellite CFRP dual‐reflector antenna without metallizing reflectors
Authors: Wan JiXiang , Li Li , Zhang QiaoShan , Gao MeiLi , Wang XuDong , Tao Xiao , Li ZhengJun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe depolarization effect of carbon‐fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) reflector is studied and a cross‐polarization discrimination (XPD) compensated method for dual‐reflector antenna without metallizing reflectors is presented in the paper. By setting the fibers direction of the main reflector orthogonal to that of the subreflector, the phase difference of the reflected electric field components from the first‐ and second‐layer of the CFPR sandwich can be compensated and depolarization effect would not happen. A dual‐reflector antenna operating at Ku band is designed, simulated and measured. The measured XPD of both the compensated and uncompensated designs are compared, and results show that XPD improves more than 3.0 dB. This method is a valid and low‐cost solution for dual‐reflector antennas in circular polarization to pursue excellent XPD performance, which is highly suitable for satellite larger‐aperture CFRP reflector antennas.
Passively Q‐switched Tm:YAG ceramic laser with TiS2 saturable absorber
Authors: Li Shixia , Cai Enlin , Zhang Kun , Xia Feng , Kong Weijing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA two‐dimensional titanium disulfide (TiS2) nanosheet film is prepared on a YAG crystal substrate. The saturated absorption behavior of TiS2 on the YAG substrate is investigated. Then, TiS2 is successfully employed as a modulation element to develop a Tm:YAG ceramic eye‐safe pulsed laser. With a 7.04 W absorbed pump light and a 3% transmission of output coupler, the greatest average optical power, and the least pulse width (PD) are 233 mW and 524 ns, separately. The pulse repeated frequency of 69 kHz is generated, while the single pulse energy (SPE) is 3.38 µJ. Based on the experimental results, TiS2 nanosheet films possess the practical value as saturable absorbers for 2.0 μm eye‐safe pulsed lasers.
Influence of hydraulic and geometric conditions on the early stages of the filtration process in idealised granular soils comprising spherical particles
Authors: Zhang Yingyi , Sufian Adnan , Scheuermann Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe early stages of particle‐scale filtration in idealised granular soils were investigated using coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method. Filtration simulations were conducted for assemblies of finer base particles underlying coarser filter particles with upward seepage flow perpendicular to the base‐filter interface. A wide range of size ratios that covered the complete spectrum of filtration behaviours were considered, along with different ramping accelerations for seepage flow to investigate the combined influence of geometric characteristics and hydraulic loading. The influence of flow conditions and size ratios on the time‐dependent infiltration depth of transported base particles was observed to be universal with respect to a newly proposed dimensionless time parameter. The susceptibility to filtration during the early stages was quantitatively investigated with the number of infiltrating base particles and the filling degree of pores within the filter. The susceptibility during the early stages was shown to have a strong correlation with pore space geometry at the filter boundary, which was also reflected by the maximum pore filling degree of the filter. While filter susceptibility has been conventionally evaluated by the size ratio of the assembly, the consideration of the pore space geometry at the filter boundary provided an alternate approach of evaluating local filter susceptibility.