bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TREM2 mediates physical exercise-promoted neural functional recovery in rats with ischemic stroke via microglia-promoted white matter repair
Authors: Xu Jinghui , Zhang Liying , Li Mingyue , He Xiaofei , Luo Jing , Wu Rui , Hong Zhongqiu , Zheng Haiqing , Hu Xiquan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The repair of white matter injury is of significant importance for functional recovery after ischemic stroke, and the up-regulation of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) after ischemic stroke is neuroprotective and implicated in remyelination. However, the lack of effective therapies calls for the need to investigate the regenerative process of remyelination and the role of rehabilitation therapy. This study sought to investigate whether and how moderate physical exercise (PE) promotes oligodendrogenesis and remyelination in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).

Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats (weighing 250–280 g) were subjected to tMCAO. AAV-shRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle to silence the Trem2 gene before the operation. The rats in the physical exercise group started electric running cage training at 48 h after the operation. The Morris water maze and novel object recognition test were used to evaluate cognitive function. Luxol fast blue staining, diffusion tensor imaging, and electron microscopy were used to observe myelin injury and repair. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to observe the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Expression of key molecules were detected using immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.

Results
PE exerted neuroprotective efects by modulating microglial state, promoting remyelination and recovery of neurological function of rats over 35 d after stroke, while silencing Trem2 expression in rats suppressed the aforementioned effects promoted by PE. In addition, by leveraging the activin-A neutralizing antibody, we found a direct beneficial effect of PE on microglia-derived activin-A and its subsequent role on oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination mediated by the activin-A/Acvr axis.

Conclusions
The present study reveals a novel regenerative role of PE in white matter injury after stroke, which is mediated by upregulation of TREM2 and microglia-derived factor for oligodendrocytes regeneration. PE is an effective therapeutic approach for improving white matter integrity and alleviating neurological function deficits after ischemic stroke.
Identification of novel miRNAs potentially involved in the pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma using WGCNA followed by RT-qPCR test of hub genes
Authors: Shayeghpour Ali , Forghani-Ramandi Mohammad-Moien , Solouki Setayesh , Hosseini Amin , Hosseini Parastoo , Khodayar Sara , Hasani Mahsa , Aghajanian Sepehr , Siami Zeinab , Zarei Ghobadi Mohadeseh , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Adult T-cell Lymphoma/Leukemia (ATLL) is characterized by the malignant proliferation of T-cells in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and a high mortality rate. Considering the emerging roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various malignancies, the analysis of high-throughput miRNA data employing computational algorithms helps to identify potential biomarkers.

Methods
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was utilized to analyze miRNA microarray data from ATLL and healthy uninfected samples. To identify miRNAs involved in the progression of ATLL, module preservation analysis was used. Subsequently, based on the target genes of the identified miRNAs, the STRING database was employed to construct protein–protein interaction networks (PPIN). Real-time quantitative PCR was also performed to validate the expression of identified hub genes in the PPIN network.

Results
After constructing co-expression modules and then performing module preservation analysis, four out of 15 modules were determined as ATLL-specific modules. Next, the hub miRNA including hsa-miR-18a-3p, has-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-196a-3p, and hsa-miR-346 were found as hub miRNAs. The protein–protein interaction networks were constructed for the target genes of each hub miRNA and hub genes were identified. Among them, UBB, RPS15A, and KMT2D were validated by Reverse-transcriptase PCR in ATLL patients.

Conclusion
The results of the network analysis of miRNAs and their target genes revealed the major players in the pathogenesis of ATLL. Further studies are required to confirm the role of these molecular factors and to discover their potential benefits as treatment targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
Development of outcomes for evaluating emergency care triage: a Delphi approach
Authors: Johansson André , Ekwall Anna , Forberg Jakob Lundager , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Triage is used as standard of care for prioritization and identification of time-critical patients in the emergency department (ED) globally, but it is unclear what outcomes should be used to evaluate triage. Currently used outcomes do not include important time-critical diagnoses and conditions.

Method
We used 18 Swedish triage experts to collect and assess outcomes for the evaluation of 5-level triage systems. The experts suggested 68 outcomes which were then tested through a modified Delphi approach in three rounds. The outcomes aimed to identify correctly prioritized red patients (in need of a resuscitation team), and orange patients (other time critical conditions). Consensus was pre-defined as 70% dichotomized (positive/negative) concordance.

Results
Diagnoses, interventions, mortality, level of care and lab results were included in the outcomes. Positive consensus was reached for 49 outcomes and negative consensus for 7 outcomes, with an 83% response rate. The five most approved outcomes were the interventions Percutaneous coronary intervention, Surgical airway and Massive transfusion together with the diagnoses Tension pneumothorax and Intracerebral hemorrhage that received specific interventions. The outcomes with the clearest disapproval included Admittance to a ward, Treatment with antihistamines and The ordering of a head computed tomography scan. The outcomes were considered valid only if occurring in or from the ED.

Conclusion
This study proposes a standard of 49 outcomes divided into two sets tied to red and orange priority respectively, to be used when evaluating 5-level priority triage systems; Lund Outcome Set for Evaluation of Triage (LOSET). The proposed outcomes include diagnoses, interventions and laboratory results. Before widespread implementation of LOSET, prospective testing is needed, preferably at multiple sites.
Population structure in diverse pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions
Authors: McCoy Jack , Martínez-Ainsworth Natalia , Bernau Vivian , Scheppler Hannah , Hedblom Grant , Adhikari Achuyt , McCormick Anna , Kantar Michael , McHale Leah , Jardón-Barbolla Lev , Mercer Kristin L. , Baumler David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Peppers, bell and chile, are a culturally and economically important worldwide. Domesticated Capsicum spp. are distributed globally and represent a complex of valuable genetic resources.

Objectives
Explore population structure and diversity in a collection of 467 peppers representing eight species, spanning the spectrum from highly domesticated to wild using 22,916 SNP markers distributed across the twelve chromosomes of pepper.

Results
These species contained varied levels of genetic diversity, which also varied across chromosomes; the species also differ in the size of genetic bottlenecks they have experienced. We found that levels of diversity negatively correlate to levels of domestication, with the more diverse being the least domesticated.
Unilateral transverse testicular ectopia with recurrence of inguinal hernia: a case report
Authors: Gholizadeh Mahsa , Fakhre yasseri Ali Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Crossed testicular ectopia or transverse testicular ectopia is an extremely rare urogenital anomaly. In this condition, on average at 4 years of age the testes migrate through the inguinal canal and one or both testes may turn up in the abdomen, inguinal region, or in the hemiscrotum, with an empty contralateral hemiscrotum. Our case report documents transverse testicular ectopia in a 5-year-old boy who presented with right inguinal hernia and nonpalpable left testis. He underwent previous right herniorrhaphy at the age of 1 year.

Case presentation
A 5-year-old Iranian boy was diagnosed with a right inguinal hernia. He underwent right inguinal herniorrhaphy at the age of 1 year. For this case report, the hernia symptoms had returned. Both testicles were palpated in the right scrotum, an ultrasound examination also revealed both testicles to be present in the right scrotum, and a hernia sac located in the right inguinal region with an internal ring. The patient was recommended to undergo a surgical reconstruction. Surgical reconstruction was performed by crossing the left testis in the transseptal orchiopexy technique.

Conclusion
In patients with cryptorchidism on one side and an inguinal hernia on the other side, the surgeon must consider a rare condition known as transverse testicular ectopia. Sonography can be helpful for diagnosing cases where transverse testicular ectopia is suspected, evaluating other anomalies, and selecting the most appropriate treatment.
Tracheoarterial fistula in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis successfully managed by overinflation of the tracheostomy tube cuff alone: a case report
Authors: Hosaka Takashi , Furuno Shintaro , Terada Makoto , Hamano Yumiko , Komatsu Kenichi , Okubo Katsuichiro , Koyama Yasuaki , Suzuki Tetsu , Tsuji Hiroshi , Tamaoka Akira , Mizutani Taro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Tracheoarterial fistula is the most devastating complication after tracheostomy, and its mortality, without definitive treatment, approaches 100%. In general, the combination of bedside emergency management, that is, overinflation of the tracheostomy tube cuff, and definitive treatment such as surgical or endovascular intervention is necessary to prevent the poor outcome. Patients with neuromuscular diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are susceptible to tracheoarterial fistula because of long-term mechanical ventilation and muscle weakness.

Case presentation
We describe a case of tracheoarterial fistula in a Japanese 39-year-old patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with long-term ventilator management. The patient was clinically diagnosed with a tracheoarterial fistula because of massive bleeding following sentinel hemorrhage. The massive hemorrhage was controlled by overinflation of the tracheostomy tube cuff alone, without definitive treatment.

Conclusions
This case suggests overinflation of the tracheostomy tube cuff alone plays an important role, semi-permanently, in the management of tracheoarterial fistula, especially in cases where surgical or endovascular intervention is not indicated. Clinicians taking care of patients with tracheostomy undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation should be aware that tracheoarterial fistula might occur following tracheostomy.
Impact of renal replacement therapy strategy on beta-lactam plasma concentrations: the BETAKIKI study—an ancillary study of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Roux Damien , Benichou Nicolas , Hajage David , Martin-Lefèvre Laurent , de Prost Nicolas , Lerolle Nicolas , Titeca-Beauport Dimitri , Boulet Eric , Mayaux Julien , Mégarbane Bruno , Mahjoub Khaoula , Carpentier Dorothée , Nseir Saad , Tubach Florence , Ricard Jean-Damien , Dreyfuss Didier , Gaudry Stéphane ,   for the AKIKI Study group
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Sepsis prognosis correlates with antibiotic adequacy at the early phase. This adequacy is dependent on antibacterial spectrum, bacterial resistance profile and antibiotic dosage. Optimal efficacy of beta-lactams mandates concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the targeted bacteria for the longest time possible over the day. Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common AKI syndrome in ICU and often mandates renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation. Both severe AKI and RRT may increase outside target antibiotic concentrations and ultimately alter patient’s prognosis.

Patients and methods
This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that compared an early RRT initiation strategy with a delayed one in 620 critically ill patients undergoing severe AKI (defined by KDIGO 3). We compared beta-lactam trough concentrations between the two RRT initiation strategies. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with sufficient trough plasma concentration of beta-lactams defined by trough concentration above 4 times the MIC. We hypothesized that early initiation of RRT could be associated with an insufficient antibiotic plasma trough concentration compared to patients allocated to the delayed strategy.

Results
One hundred and twelve patients were included: 53 in the early group and 59 in the delayed group. Eighty-three patients (74%) had septic shock on inclusion. Trough beta-lactam plasma concentration was above 4 times the MIC breakpoint in 80.4% (n = 90) of patients of the whole population, without differences between the early and the delayed groups (79.2% vs. 81.4%, respectively, p = 0.78). On multivariate analysis, the presence of septic shock and a higher mean arterial pressure were significantly associated with a greater probability of adequate antibiotic trough concentration [OR 3.95 (1.14;13.64), p = 0.029 and OR 1.05 (1.01;1.10), p = 0.013, respectively). Evolution of procalcitonin level and catecholamine-free days as well as mortality did not differ whether beta-lactam trough concentration was above 4 times the MIC or not.

Conclusions
In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, renal replacement therapy initiation strategy did not significantly influence plasma trough concentrations of beta-lactams in ICU patients with severe AKI. Presence of septic shock on inclusion was the main variable associated with a sufficient beta-lactam concentration.
Trial registration: The AKIKI trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01932190) before the inclusion of the first patient.
Characterization of macrophage activation after treatment with polysaccharides from ginseng according to heat processing
Authors: Kim Sung Jin , Baek Seung-Hoon , Kang Ki Sung , Shin Myoung-Sook 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe worldwide persistence of infectious diseases is a significant public health issue. Consequently, studying immunomodulatory ingredients present in natural products, such as ginseng, is important for developing new treatment options. Here, we extracted three different types of polysaccharides from white (P-WG), red (P-RG), and heat-processed (P-HPG) ginseng and analyzed their chemical properties and immunostimulatory activity against RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Carbohydrates were the main components of all three polysaccharide types, while uronic acid and protein levels were relatively low. Chemical analysis indicated that the content of carbohydrates (total sugar) increased with processing temperature, while that of uronic acid decreased. Treatment with P-WG, P-RG or P-HPG stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with P-WG showing the highest activity among the three polysaccharides. The expression of inducible NO synthase, which affects NO secretion, was highest in the macrophages treated with P-WG. Analysis of intracellular signaling pathways showed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38) and NF-kB p65 were strongly phosphorylated by P-WG in macrophages but were only moderately phosphorylated by P-RG and P-HPG. Collectively, these results suggest that the polysaccharides isolated from ginseng undergo different changes in response to heat processing and display different chemical compositions and immune-enhancing activities.
A review of neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Hosseini Roya , Askari Nayere 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFollowing the COVID-19 virus epidemic, extensive, coordinated international research has led to the rapid development of effective vaccines. Although vaccines are now considered the best way to achieve collective safety and control mortality, due to the critical situation, these vaccines have been issued the emergency use licenses and some of their potential subsequence side effects have been overlooked. At the same time, there are many reports of side effects after getting a COVID-19 vaccine. According to these reports, vaccination can have an adverse event, especially on nervous system. The most important and common complications are cerebrovascular disorders including cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, transient ischemic attack, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and demyelinating disorders including transverse myelitis, first manifestation of MS, and neuromyelitis optica. These effects are often acute and transient, but they can be severe and even fatal in a few cases. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive review of documents reporting neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in international databases from 2020 to 2022 and discussed neurological disorders possibly caused by vaccination.
How large peak ground acceleration by large earthquakes could generate turbidity currents along the slope of northern Japan Trench
Authors: Ikehara Ken , Usami Kazuko , Kanamatsu Toshiya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeep-sea turbidite has been used to determine the history of occurrence of large earthquakes. Surface-sediment remobilization is a mechanism of the generation of earthquake-induced turbidity currents. However, the detailed mechanism of surface-sediment remobilization caused by earthquake ground shaking is unclear. To understand how high peak ground acceleration (PGA) caused by a large earthquake can remobilize surface sediments, we determined the age of a surface-sediment core recovered from the mid-slope terrace (MST) of the inner slope of the Japan Trench in northern Sanriku to determine turbidites generated by large historical earthquakes and calculate the PGAs of these earthquakes using an empirical attenuation relation commonly used in Japan. Small offsets in radiocarbon ages and excess210Pb activities between turbidite and hemipelagic muds suggest that the turbidites in the core resulted from surface-sediment remobilization.137Cs and excess210Pb chronologies indicate that the three uppermost turbidites in the core are correlated with three large historical earthquakes, namely the 1968 common era (CE) Tokachi-oki, the 1933 CE Showa–Sanriku, and the 1896 CE Meiji–Sanriku earthquakes. Calculation of PGAs for large historical earthquakes along the northern Japan Trench indicates that a PGA of > 0.6 g is necessary for turbidite deposition in the MST basin. This threshold is larger than that reported for central Sanriku and may vary spatially. Moreover, turbidites in the MST deposits are more frequent in the northern Japan Trench than in the central Japan Trench, suggesting that the occurrence of three types of large M8-class earthquakes in the northern Japan Trench might have contributed to the frequent occurrence of large PGAs.
Clothing pressure analysis of commercial women's leggings for applying medical compression classes
Authors: Lee Jeongeun , Do Wolhee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe high-elasticity bottoms applying gradual pressurization to the blood vessels of the lower extremities simultaneously assisting to both prevention and treatment of multiple health conditions such as varicose veins. Medical compression stockings are classified as medical supplies, and there is a clear standard on magnitude and application for gradual pressure. However, in the case of leggings, there are no relevant experimental data or papers supporting these findings. This study was performed in order to analyse the gradual compression values in legging. Eight types of leggings currently available on the market by different brands, were analysed to determine the type of pressure applied. The pressure was measured at five points of the clothed body with leggings pulled across lower extremities. An airpack sensor was attached to a wooden leg model and five consecutive records at each measuring point were taken. Afterwards the average values were calculated. As observed in all eight leggings, the measuring point with the highest pressure applied was the back of the calf (mean 18.25 mmHg) or the below the knee circumference (mean 13.83 mmHg), pointing to deviance in applying gradual pressure as proposed in medical compression stockings. The commercial leggings used in this experiment did not show a gradual increase in pressure from the thigh to the ankle body zone. One can presume that the legs’ fatigue would increase over the time. Since, the gradual pressure should be applied in legging construction as seen in medical compression stockings.
Primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma treated by laparoscopic partial hepatectomy: a case report
Authors: Okura Keisuke , Seo Satoru , Shimizu Hironori , Nishino Hiroto , Yoh Tomoaki , Fukumitsu Ken , Ishii Takamichi , Hata Koichiro , Haga Hironori , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hepatic extranodal marginal zone B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is very rare, so it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. And there is no established treatment for hepatic MALT lymphoma. We report herein a case of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma treated by laparoscopic partial hepatectomy, and discuss the usefulness of laparoscopic hepatectomy for a rare liver tumor.Case presentationThis patient was a woman in her 60s, who was diagnosed preoperatively as having synchronous liver metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer; therefore, laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed. She had a good course after the operation and was discharged on postoperative day 12. However, she was diagnosed pathologically as having primary hepatic MALT lymphoma. A bone marrow biopsy was also performed, and then she was finally diagnosed as having limited-stage primary hepatic MALT lymphoma. She received no postoperative treatment and showed no recurrence for 4 years postoperatively.ConclusionsWe experienced the good result of the patient with limited-stage primary MALT lymphoma treated by laparoscopic partial hepatectomy. Liver tumors are sometimes misdiagnosed by imaging examinations alone. Laparoscopic hepatectomy has been widespread recently as a minimally invasive procedure, and it may be useful for both diagnosis and treatment.