bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of Chromogranin A as a Prognostic Marker in Cirrhotic Patients with HCC before and after Radiofrequency
Authors: Hashem Basiony Mostafa Basiony , Maged El-Sakaty Tarek , Mohammed Enas Elkhedr , Hussein Hany Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The majority of HCC cases are undetected until advanced stage owing to lack of symptoms and the absence of sensitive and convenient screening procedures. The overall AFP performance in this field has been inadequate in terms of its poor specificity and sensitivity. Various prior studies found an elevated serum Cg-A concentrations in HCC patients. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the preferred approach for small sized lesion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to highlight the value of determination of CgA serum levels in monitoring patients with cirrhosis for early detection of HCC and its significance as a prognostic marker in patients with very early/early stage of HCC before and after radiofrequency.

Subjects and methods
The present study enrolled 30 cirrhotic patients with very early/early stage of HCC, 15 cirrhotic patients without HCC, and 15 healthy controls. Serum AFP & Cg-A levels were estimated in all patients before intervention and 1 month after radiofrequency ablation in the HCC group.

Results
Serum Cg-A was significantly higher in HCC cases compared to healthy subjects and cirrhotic patients (P = 0.001). At a cut off value of 250 (ng/ml), serum Cg-A had a 96.7% sensitivity and a 93.3% specificity for detecting HCC while AFP at 3.736 ng/ml had 93.3% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity. Furthermore, the selected cut-off values to distinguish HCC patients who have better (improved) outcome from those with bad outcome was 375 (ng/ml) with 96.7% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity (for Cg –A) and 17 (ng/ml) with 73.3% sensitivity and 70% specificity (for AFP).

Conclusion
Cg-A can act as valuable diagnostic as well as prognostic biomarkers for liver cirrhosis and HCC as it was significantly higher in HCC patients than in cirrhotic patients and controls and it had higher sensitivity, specificity than AFP for HCC diagnosis.
Plasma Levels of Pentraxin 3 and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mohammed Magda Shokry , mahdy Maram Mohammed Maher , Ali Hanan Mahmoud , Mohammed bedir Fathy Bedir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia which is associated with long-term micro-vascular complications affecting the eyes resulting in diabetic retinopathy (a leading cause of blindness). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a recently discovered mediator of acute inflammation which has been shown to be a sensitive biomarker of localized inflammatory reactions with a possibility of being used as a biomarker of peripheral vascular damage.

Objective
To evaluate the relation between levels of plasma Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
This case control study was conducted on70 patients with type 2 DM and 20 healthy subjects as control and their ages ranged from 40-70 years, selected from outpatient diabetes and endocrinology clinic at El Demerdash Hospital/Ain-Shams University and outpatient diabetes and endocrinology clinic at National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology. The included subjects were allocated into three groups: Group I (type 2 DM complicated with DR) and this group was further subdivided to subgroup Ia (diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and subgroup Ib (diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy); group II (type 2 DM without retinopathy) and group III (apparently healthy subjects representing control group). All subjects were subjected to full medical history taking, physical examination including BMI and blood pressure measurement as well as fundus examination. Fasting and 2 hr post-prandial plasma glucose, HbA1C, serum creatinine and urea, ALT, AST, serum albumin, microalbuminuria as well as plasma PTX3 wereassessed.

Results
Plasma PTX3 level was significantly higher in diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy than that in both diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy and control healthy subjects (3.20 ± 0.035 ng/dl versus 2.88 ± 0.32 ng/dl and 2.88 ± 0.167 ng/dl respectively; P-value =0.000).The Correlation between pentraxin 3 and other measured parameters in all studied subjects showed a statistical positive correlation between log PTX3 and age, duration of diabetes, DBP, FBG, 2HPP, HBA1c, albumin, creatinine, urea, microalbuminuria.

Conclusion
Serum pentraxin 3 is strongly correlated to diabetic retinopathy and the higher the grade of retinopathy, the higher the pentraxin 3 level. So, pentraxin 3 can be considered a reliable predictor for diabetic retinopathy. Serum pentraxin 3 and diabetic retinopathy are strongly correlated to level of glycaemia and duration of diabetes as well as to creatinine, urea and micro-albuminuria. This draws the attention to the role of tight glycemic control in the prevention or slowing diabetic retinopathy progression and to the relation between diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
Study of IL-10 Serum Marker and Its Association with NAFLD in Adult Egyptian Patients
Authors: Badawy Hanan Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdelaziz Eslam Safwat Mohamed , Salama Mohamed Magdy , Harown Bishoy Refaat Rassmy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with obesity and diabetes, and is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) Cytokines and adipocytokines (i.e. mediators mainly derived from adipose tissue) play a major role in the orchestration of inflammatory processes throughout the body.

Aim and objectives
To evaluate the relation between serum levels of IL-10 and NAFLD in Egyptian patients.

Subjects and methods
This study is A randomized case control cross sectional study, was carried out at Eldemrdash University Hospital, Internal medicine departments, on patients above 18 years old with Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and NAFLD, duration of study about 6 months.

Result
There was high statistically significant difference between studied cases as regard IL-10.

Conclusion
High IL-10 levels limiting the effects of the inflammatory response that is, by counter regulating the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine so that the protective function of IL-10 in steatotic liver relies on suppression of TNF-a production. Morbidly obese patients with increased age and elevated levels of LDL, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and TNF-a, in combination with low circulating levels of IL-10, seem to be at higher risk to develop severe-NAFLD and should be clinically monitored.
Evaluation of Reduced Glutathione Plasma Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Fatty Liver
Authors: Mohamed Dalia Abdel-Wahab , Zakaria Zaky Doaa , Sayed Sheha Aliaa , mohamed Aid Yara , Ali-Labib Randa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its complications represent a main worldwide public health challenge, with high-rate morbidity and mortality. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a great focus worldwide, as it is expected to affect 75% of patients with type2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we aimed to assess reduced glutathione plasma level then evaluate its correlation with fasting blood glucose levels, HBA1c and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients with fatty liver. This study included 40 participants divided into 20 type2 diabetics with fatty liver group and 20 healthy control group. Estimation of fasting blood glucose levels, HBA1c, lipid profile and liver function enzymes were done. reduced glutathione plasma levels were measured by ELISA. The results revealed that plasm levels of reduced glutathione were lower in type 2 diabetics with fatty liver compared to control subjects (P &lt; 0.01). These low plasma GSH levels in diabetics was negatively correlated with FBG and HBA1C% (r= −0.641, −.0547 respectively; P &lt; 0.01) indicating that chronic hyperglycemia and its resulted oxidative stress have negative impact on GSH concentrations in the body. This low GSH levels in type 2 diabetics with fatty liver can be an important prognostic factor as, GSH reduction causing increase of oxidative stress and may worsen the liver status that may progress to NASH.
Usefullness of a Combined Evaluation of the Serum Adiponectin Level and Insulin Growth Factor 1 to Predict the Early Stage of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Malatawy Mohamed Abdel-Fattah El , Ahmed Ossama Ashraf , Kaiser Hany Haron , Aziz Doaa Mohamed Abdel , Mohamed Dina Morsy Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western industrialised countries and affects around 25% of the European population. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in parallel with the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Aim of the Work
To investigate the role of adiponectin and IGF1 in the diagnosis of NASH.

Patients and Methods
The present study included 60 patients who attending the outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University hospital, they age ranges from thirty to sixty years.

Results
It was found that highly significant decrease in Adiponectin and IGF-1 levels, in NASH group; compared to NAFLD control group (p &lt; 0.01 respectively) a This data is similar to many studies done before in NAFLD and NASH patients. Our study also shows that; AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin, had a highly significant negative correlation with IGF-1 and Adiponectin level (p &lt; 0.01 respectively). This go with many studies who found a significant inverse correlation between IGF-I levels and liver enzymes, indicating that lower IGF-I levels in NAFLD are related to parenchymal dysfunction. With proven evidence that low circulating IGF-I levels correlate with the degree of liver dysfunction.

Conclusion
Serum adiponectin and insulin growth factor 1 are lower in patients with NASH compared to NAFLD patients which reflect the protective effect of both of adiponectin and IGF1 against the development of NASH.
Elevated Plasma Copeptin Levels Identify the Presence and Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obesity
Authors: Nashaat Ehab Hassan , Riad George Safwat , Ghait Ramy Samir , ELMaksod Ereny Emil Gerges Abd 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver with unclear mechanism may be due to epigenetic changes which take place at the transcriptional level without altering the underlying DNA sequence. this epigenetic alternation are involved in regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress response, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, all of which have been implicated in the development and progression of NAFLD. Elevated copeptin, a vasopressin marker, is linked to metabolic disease, and obese rats with lowvasopressin concentration had a decreased risk of liver steatosis.

Aim and objectives
To Detect the elevation of plasma copeptin in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in relation to general population.

Subjects and Methods
This is A randomized case control cross sectional study, was carried out at internal medicine and gastroenterology department, Ain Shams University hospitals, on 100 patients above 18 years old with Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and NAFLD-Liver Fat Score (LFS), over a period of 6 months.

Result
There was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Serum plasma copeptin.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates for the first time that copeptin levels predict the presence of biopsy-proven NAFLD in obese individuals, regardless of body adiposity and the coexistence of other metabolic disorders. Studies with longitudinal design are warranted for exploring the possible involvement of AVP/V1aR system in the development and progression of NAFLD.
Clinical Significance of Serum Cholinesterase in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Clinical Activity in Patients with IBD
Authors: Adel Nanees Ahmed , El Khedr Mohamed Enas , Elhady Abeer Abd Elraof Abd , Khella Fady Samir Emil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis, witnessed dramatic rise in incidence in the past few decades. Fecal calprotectin has been widely established as laboratory marker in assessment, diagnosis and severity of IBD. It showed low specificity and high number of false positive results. Cholinesterase (ChE) enzymatic glycoprotein used in hydrolosis of acetylcholine, showed significant correlation with IBD activity, it showed also potential role in diagnosis and assessing clinical severity in IBD patients. We will evaluate the role of serum cholinesterase in diagnosis and assessment of severity in IBD patients.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of serum cholinesterase (ChE) in diagnosis and assessment of activity in IBD patients

Patients and Methods
A Case control study in outpatients and inpatients in departments of Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospital for Six months since beginning of data collection (till fulfilling the sample size) on 70 subjects divided into 3 groups: Group A: 25 patients with Crohn’s disease evidenced by colonoscopy and tissue biopsy, group B: 25 patients with Ulcerative Colitis disease evidenced by colonoscopy and tissue biopsy, group C: 20 age-matched, sex-matched healthy controls

Results
Our results confirmed that, compared with healthy controls, serum ChE levels were decreased in patients with IBD, and the decline in serum ChE levels was more pronounced as clinical activity in IBD increased. We also found that the serum ChE levels of patients with CD and those with UC were significantly different. It needs to be further clarified the relationship between serum ChE and endoscopic activity in the future.

Conclusion
Serum ChE levels can be used as a simple, economical method to help diagnose and distinguish the different stages of IBD. With the increasing biomedical research on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and ChE, serum ChE is expected to become a new immunotherapy target for IBD.
Ascitic Calprotectin, as a New Marker of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)
Authors: Saeed Kadry Mohamed El , Sayed Engy Yousry El , Rasmy Hany Samir , Ansary Amira Roshdy Mohammed Al , Hajajy Fatma Badawy Mansour Al 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Liver cirrhosis results from different mechanisms of live injury that lead to necroinflammation and fibrogenesis; histologically it is characterized by diffuse nodular regeneration surrounded by dense fibrotic septa with subsequent parenchymal extinction and collapse of liver structures, together causing pronounced distortion of hepatic vascular architecture.

Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic role of ascetic fluid calprotectin in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis before and after treatment.

Patients and Methods
This study was designed as a case-control study for evaluation of ascitic calprotectin as a diagnostic & prognostic test for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The study was conducted on 50 patients attended internal medicine department in El Dmerdash teaching hospital of Ain Shams University during 2018/2019.

Results
Regarding the ascetic calprotectin after treatment showed decreasing levels correlated with recovery among SBP patients with cut off ≤340 pg/ml had sensitivity 82.5%, specificity 78.0%, PPV 75.0%, NPV 84.8%, accuracy 82.6% in cirrhotic patients with SBP after treatment. Also, the present study found that ascetic calprotectin at cut off value ≤ 780 pg/ml had sensitivity 82.86%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 45.5%, accuracy 96.3% in prediction of poor prognosis among SBP cirrhotic patients after treatment.

Conclusion
The best cut-off is level of ascitic calprotectin ≤ 320 pg/ml which had sensitivity 95%, specificity 90%, PPV 74.5%, NPV 81.8%, accuracy 94.1% in prediction of diagnosis of SBP among cirrhotic patients. The best cut-off level of Ascitic calprotectin ng/mL ≤ 780 pg/ml had sensitivity 82.86%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 45.5%, accuracy 96.3% in prediction of poor prognosis among SBP cirrhotic patients after treatment.
Intestinal Ultrasound for Inflammatory Bowel Diseased Patients Who Receive Biological Treatment
Authors: Nashaat Ehab , Abd-Elkader Sarah , Salama Mohamed Magdy , Elnour Fatma Othman Abou 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two forms of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) characterized by recurrent episodes of intestinal inflammation and a heterogeneous range of symptoms and clinical courses. In contrast to CD, UC is a mucosal and to some extent submucosal disease restricted to the colon. Depending on the involved colonic segment, UC can be divided into proctitis, left- sided colitis or extensive colitis.

Aim of the Work
Prospective evaluation of intestinal ultrasound (iUs) for disease monitoring of patients with ulcerative colitis (Uc) and crhons disease receiving biological treatment with following up the efficacy on intestinal wall. Newly diagnosed patients who will receive biologics and compare with colonoscopy

Patients and Methods
This was a cohort study in ultrasound unit of gastroenterology department at Ain shams university hospitals, the patients selected from the department of gastroenterology and gastroenterology outpatient clinic from May 2021 till January 2022 on 50 patients.

Results
When comparing baseline ultrasound results of inflammatory signs and colonoscopy we found non-significant results that support using intestinal ultrasound results as non-invasive tool for diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. and also doppler signs it showed significant results in some parts of the colon like terminal ilium, left side, transverse and sigmoid and that is very important in patient who have strictures in terminal ilium prevent terminal ilium intubation during colonoscopy. Also on comparing results of pathology and intestinal ultrasound we found the sensitivity of intestinal ultrasound is very high inflammatory signs 93.8% sensitivity and doppler signs 85.4% but specificity was 50% only that was because it depends on the operators vision and also on the machine used and the patient also he may be not fasting and distended that make the field very hard, also when comparing with ct enterography results and MR enterography it showed the same specificity and sensitivity that confirm our vision also.

Conclusion
For conclusion intestinal ultrasound one of the best modalities for diagnosis and follow up inflammatory bowel disease, especially in short term response, our finding give rise to not only the assumption of bowel wall thickness but also inflammatory markers, doppler signs, bowel lumen and fibrofatty nodules had significant difference at long term follow up Christian Maaser et al findings give rise to the assumption that monitoring BWT alone has the potential to predict therapeutic response. The additional monitoring of FC could add further value in monitoring patients with UC. Future prospective studies are necessary to determine the value of IUS in predicting short and long-term response and outcomes of therapies in UC
Prevalence of Abnormal Liver Functions in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Elnakeeb Noha Abedelrazek , Ibrahim Mohamed Magdy Mohamed , Elissaway Hagar Ahmed Ahmed , Fahmey Hagar Fawzy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that are known to cause both respiratory and intestinal diseases in various animal species and humans. These viruses tend to target the upper respiratory tract, causing anywhere from moderate to severe illnesses, such as the cold or in more extreme cases, pneumonia. To date, 7 human coronaviruses have been identified, including the 3 epidemic viruses of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and the newest, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2).

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the incidence of concurrent elevation of liver function tests (AST, ALT, Bilirubin), examine dynamic changes of it and its relationship with disease throughout the course of COVID-19 patients.

Patients and Methods
We retrospectively evaluated and analyzed the liver enzymes and total bilirubin results (Ast, Alt, bilirubin) along with the medical history obtained from 105 adult patients of both genders with confirmed COVID-19, moderate group (62) patients, severe group (43) patients from 15 March 2020 to 15 June 2020 admitted at Ain Shams University isolation hospitals.

Results
AST was significantly higher in patients with severe disease on admission compared to moderate cases, however it's median level did not show marked elevation from normal values (median AST level 45 u/l, range 12-2228), normal value of AST less than 40 U/L. During hospital stay AST also was significantly higher in severe group compared to moderate group with p value 0.022. ON discharge patients had almost normal AST level as patients were improved (2 COVID PCR were negative).

Conclusion
Liver injury not a frequent finding in patients with COVID-19. Any rise in liver function may indicate severe COVID disease. Monitoring liver functions during course of severe disease till recovery.
High Risk NAFLD among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Frequency & Effect on Disease Severity
Authors: Allam Ahmed Samir , Saeed Kadry Mohamed El , Abozeid Hazem Mahmoud Osman , Raafat Kaled Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disease that significantly affects patient quality of life, interfere with daily activities, physical intimacy, traveling, and self-esteem. Because of its clinical heterogeneity and the unclear etiology of IBS, robust biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IBS are difficult to identify. On the other side, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common disease worldwide, affecting 25% of the adult population.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the study is to detect if there is a prevalent relation between those two diseases and the assessment of NAFLD prevalence and severity in IBS patients.

Patients and Methods
Our study has involved 75 patients with different degrees of IBS syndrome and variable severity patterns of NAFLD. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria for selecting the patients; IBS diagnosed according to modified ROME IV critera regardless of the type either constipation predominance or diarrhea predominance. While NAFLD was mainly detected using abdominal ultrasonography, both were differentiated into three grades determining the severity of each and their correlation.

Results
Our current study included 75 patients diagnosed with IBS (37 males and 38 females). Mean age of included patients was 42.17 ± 8.3 years. Mean height of included patients was 173.6 ± 9.07 cm, mean weight was 88.02 ± 14.9 Kg while mean BMI was 29.39 ± 4.4. Regarding evaluating the association of IBS with NAFLD there were high statisitical significant assocaiton between both diseases. The study of lipid profile parameters and liver enzymes in relation to IBS grade revealed no-significant association. The study of IBS grade regarding liver enzymes revealed no significant statistical difference between grades of IBS. Study of lipid profile parameters (S.cholesterol, S.triglycerides and LDL) in relation to U/S grade revealed high significant association between increased serum TAG and severe grade of NAFLD.

Conclusion
IBS had higher frequency of NAFLD. Also, there is significant association between IBS and NAFLD severity.