bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Fusarium spp. Clinical Isolates
Authors: Román‐Montes Carla M. , González‐Lara Fernanda , Diaz‐Lomelí Paulette , Sánchez Axel Cervantes , Rangel‐Cordero Andrea , Sifuentes‐Osornio José , Ponce‐de‐León Alfredo , Martínez‐Gamboa Areli 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccurate identification of Fusarium species requires molecular identification. Treating fusariosis is challenging due to widespread antifungal resistance, high rates of treatment failure, and insufficient information relating antifungal susceptibility to the clinical outcome. Despite recent outbreaks in Mexico, there is limited information on epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility testing (AST).ObjectivesWe aimed to analyse the distribution of Fusarium species from a referral centre in Mexico with DNA sequencing and to describe AST to the clinical outcome.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on clinical isolates of Fusarium. They were identified by translation elongation factor‐1α gene amplification and sequencing. AST was performed to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs).ResultsA total of 35 Fusarium isolates from 26 patients were included. The most common was Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) in 51.5%, of which Fusarium petroliphilum and Fusarium oxysporum species complex were the most frequent with 37% and 20%, respectively. AST did not show MICs above the epidemiological cut‐off value. Fusariosis was diagnosed in 19 patients, mostly with hematologic neoplasm; the overall mortality rate was 32%.ConclusionsFusarium petroliphilum from the FSSC was found most frequently. Elevated mortality and MICs for all tested antifungals were found, with higher MIC50 among F. solani SC than F. oxysporum SC or F. fujikuroi SC.
Posaconazole for Prevention of COVID‐19‐Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A European Multicentre Case–Control Study (POSACOVID)
Authors: Prattes Juergen , Giacobbe Daniele R. , Marelli Cristina , Signori Alessio , Dettori Silvia , Cattardico Greta , Hatzl Stefan , Reisinger Alexander C. , Eller Philipp , Krause Robert , Reizine Florian , Bassetti Matteo , Gangneux Jean‐Pierre , Hoenigl Martin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study investigated the impact of posaconazole (POSA) prophylaxis in COVID‐19 patients with acute respiratory failure receiving systemic corticosteroids on the risk for the development of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).MethodsThe primary aim of this prospective, multicentre, case–control study was to assess whether application of POSA prophylaxis in mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients reduces the risk for CAPA development. All consecutive patients from centre 1 (cases) who received POSA prophylaxis as standard‐of‐care were matched to one subject from centre 2 and centre 3 who did not receive any antifungal prophylaxis, using propensity score matching for the following variables: (i) age, (ii) sex, (iii) treatment with tocilizumab and (iv) time at risk.ResultsEighty‐three consecutive patients receiving POSA prophylaxis were identified at centre 1 and matched to 166 controls. In the matched cohort, incidence rates of CAPA were 1.69 (centre 1), 0.84 (centre 2) and 7.18 (centre 3) events per 1000 ICU days. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the presence of an EORTC/MSGERC risk factor at ICU admission (OR 4.35) and centre 3 versus centre 1 (OR 6.07; 95% CI 1.76–20.91; p = 0.004) were associated with an increased risk of CAPA. No increased risk of CAPA was registered for centre 2 versus centre 1.ConclusionsThe impact of POSA prophylaxis depends on the baseline CAPA incidence rate, which varies widely between centres. Future trials should therefore investigate targeted antifungal prophylaxis (e.g., stratified for high‐prevalence centres or high‐risk patients) in COVID‐19 patients.Trial Registration: NCT05065658
Egg allergen‐specific T‐cell and cytokine responses in healthy and egg‐allergic children naturally tolerating baked egg
Authors: De Vlieger Liselot , Nuyttens Lisa , Keppens Cheyenne , Ieven Toon , Matton Charlotte , Diels Marianne , Verelst Sophie , Raes Marc , Leus Jasmine , Coppens Katrien , Sauer Kate , Dilissen Ellen , Cremer Jonathan , Coorevits Lieve , Frans Glynis , Schrijvers Rik , Bullens Dominique M. A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundType 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are critical players in maintaining peripheral tolerance, by producing high IL‐10 levels in association with inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator (ICOS) expression. Whether these cells play a role in naturally acquired baked egg tolerance is unknown.ObjectivesEvaluate frequencies of egg‐responsive Tr1 and Th2 cells in egg‐allergic children that naturally acquired baked egg tolerance (BET) versus non‐egg‐allergic (NEA) children.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 70 natural BET and 15 NEA children were stimulated for 7 days with ovalbumin and ovomucoid. By flowcytometry, egg‐responsive Tr1 cells were identified by co‐expression of CD49b and LAG3, and Th2 cells by expression of CD49b but absence of LAG3. Seven‐day cultured supernatant was analyzed for Th1, Th2, Tr1, and Th17 cytokines by MSD.ResultsNatural BET children had a higher percentage of egg‐responsive Th2 cells vs. NEA children (6.75% vs. 10.35%, p = .006). No significant difference was found in frequencies of egg‐responsive Tr1 cells between NEA and natural BET children (11.40% vs. 12.55%, p = .42), although Tr1‐related IL‐10 and IL‐21 production was higher in BET children. Interestingly, egg‐responsive Tr1 cells from NEA children expressed higher ICOS levels vs. natural BET children (97.90 vs. 88.20, p < .0001). Supernatant from natural BET children showed elevated levels of Th2 cytokines IL‐5, IL‐9 and IL‐13 and Th17 cytokine IL‐17A.ConclusionNatural BET children maintain increased egg‐specific Th2 responses, along with comparable proportions of egg‐responsive Tr1 cells exhibiting higher IL‐10 but lower ICOS expression in comparison with NEA children.
International Patent Families: When to Apply
Authors: Bond Eric W. , Luther Zachary R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe model the decision of an innovating firm on where and when to make cross‐border patent applications given the rules of the Paris Convention and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). We show that an innovating firm will have an incentive to apply at the beginning (end) of the Paris Convention application window when returns are front‐loaded (back‐loaded). The preliminary review provided by a PCT application expedites the review process in subsequent national applications, leading to the selection of firms with more productive innovations into the PCT route for cross‐border applications. We also show that the PCT's preliminary application may be used to provide information on the patentability of an innovation. To provide empirical evidence on these predictions, we compare the patenting behavior of semiconductor applicants with those of pharmaceutical applicants, where the former has among the shortest times from innovation to market and the latter the longest. Consistent with the predictions of the model, we find that pharmaceutical applications are 15 percentage points likelier than semiconductor applications to be filed at the Paris deadline for national applications under the Paris convention. PCT applications for pharmaceuticals are 32 percentage points likelier to be filed at the Paris deadline. We also find that as many as 30% of PCT applications may result in information about patentability that makes subsequent applications unprofitable.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Event-Triggered Model Predictive Control for Electric Vehicle Active Battery Cell Balancing
Authors: Flessner David , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To extend the operation window of batteries, active cell balancing has been studied in the literature. However, such an advancement presents significant computational challenges on real-time optimal control, especially when the number of cells in a battery increases. This article investigates the use of reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) to effectively balance battery cells while at the same time keeping the computational load at a minimum. Specifically, event-triggered MPC is introduced as a way to reduce real-time computation. Different from the existing literature where rule-based or threshold-based event-trigger policies are used to determine the event instances, deep RL is explored to learn and optimize the event-trigger policy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework can keep the cell state-of-charge variation under 1% while using less than 1% computational resources compared to conventional MPC.
Selected Immunoendocrine and Physiological Performance Adaptations to Different Volume of Upper-Body Plyometric Training in National-Level Male Volleyball Players
Authors: Ning Changfeng , Sheykhlouvand Mohsen 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-week upper-body plyometric-training (PT) program with varying volumes on the immunoendocrine, physiological parameters, and physical performance adaptations in male volleyball players. Methods: Twenty-four trained college players were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 8 participants. Each group performed 5 exercises at maximal effort with differences in volume: low (3 sets of 7 repetitions), moderate (3 sets of 10 repetitions), and high (3 sets of 13 repetitions). The training program lasted 6 weeks with participants undertaking 3 sessions of PT per week. Results: Following the intervention, all groups exhibited significant (P = .001) improvements in physical and physiological parameters, as well as skill-based performances, with effect sizes ranging from small to very large. Comparative analysis of individual changes indicated that the high-volume group resulted in greater adaptive responses in the medicine-ball throw (P = .004), peak (P = .001) and average (P = .022) power output, push-ups (P = .001), and strength (P = .032) compared with the low-volume group. No significant between-groups difference (P > .05) was observed regarding immunoendocrine measures, reaction time, attacking, and serving skills. Conclusions: The findings indicate that short-term upper-body PT positively influenced performance adaptations, emphasizing that the adaptive response to PT depends on the varying volumes. The study proposes that integrating higher volumes of PT results in more significant adaptive responses among volleyball players with the same immunoendocrine responses as the other training volumes.
Worldwide Policy, Surveillance, and Research on Physical Education and School-Based Physical Activity: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) Conceptual Framework and Research Protocol
Authors: Martins João , Ramirez Varela Andrea , Costa João , Onofre Marcos , Dudley Dean , Cristão Rafael , Pratt Michael , Hallal Pedro C. , Tassitano Rafael 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) builds on the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) to address gaps in surveillance, policy, and research on physical education (PE) and activity (PA). GoPE! is a worldwide surveillance system of quality PE and school-based PA that informs policy and interventions and allows comparative analysis so that each country and region can check their status and progress. This paper presents GoPE!’s conceptual framework and describes the research protocol as a cross-continental and evidence-based surveillance system. Methods: Based on GoPA!’s framework and informed by the European Physical Education Observatory, as well as framed by the socioecological model of PE, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization’s quality PE, and the World Health Organization’s whole-of-school approach, the GoPE! stands out by providing a comprehensive methodological approach. This approach relies on independently collected data about PE and PA at school policies, surveillance systems, and research. These data are critically reviewed by local representatives of the GoPE! network of experts. The GoPE! Country Card is the main product released every 5 years. It is a 1-page infographic summary of a country’s key dimensions and indicators. The dimensions are: country and demographic data, PA participation, PE policy, PE surveillance, and PE and school-based PA intervention research. Conclusion: Through its vision and methodological framework, GoPE! aims to contribute to the establishment of a minimum common denominator of quality PE and school-based PA, ultimately informing promotion, advocacy, and agenda-setting efforts to achieve international goals and recommendations for more active, equitable, and healthy children and adolescents, schools, and societies.
Identification of a circulating carbohydrate antigen as a highly specific and sensitive target for schistosomiasis serology
Authors: Kildemoes Anna O. , Veldhuizen Tom , Hilt Stan T. , van Lieshout Lisette , Supali Taniawati , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Camprubí-Ferrer Daniel , Muñoz Jose , Clerinx Joannes , Harvey Mickey , Codée Jeroen , Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , van Dam Govert J. , Visser Leo G. , Roestenberg Meta , van Diepen Angela , Hokke Cornelis H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 roadmap for schistosomiasis calls for development of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools to continue and sustain progress towards elimination. Serological assays are excellent for sensitive detection of primary schistosome infections and for schistosomiasis surveillance in near- and post-elimination settings. To develop accurate assay formats, it is necessary to identify defined antibody targets with low cross-reactivity and potential for standardized production. Here we aim to identify such target(s) with focus on defined schistosome glycan antigens. Target identification was performed by assessing antibody responses in well-characterized cross-sectional and cohort sample sets (
n
= 366 individuals) on tailor-made antigen microarrays. IgM and IgG binding to candidate diagnostic targets was measured for serum/plasma samples from controlled human schistosome infection models, schistosome-infected travelers, soil-transmitted helminth-infected individuals, and non-infected individuals. We found that antibodies to a schistosome gut-associated glycan, the circulating anodic antigen (CAA), identify schistosome infection with high sensitivity (IgM ≥100%, IgG ≥97%) and specificity (IgM ≥93%, IgG ≥97%) in the test samples. Infection dose affected timing of anti-CAA antibody isotype switch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that other non-specific glycan epitopes in crude schistosome cercarial and egg antigen preparations can contribute to generation of false schistosomiasis positives, which is relevant for current serological assays based on these antigen mixtures. In conclusion, CAA is an excellent single glycan antigen target for development of highly sensitive and specific tools for schistosomiasis serology with use cases for travelers and surveillance in near- and post-elimination settings, as well as emerging transmission zones.

IMPORTANCE
The WHO 2030 roadmap deems diagnostics developments for schistosomiasis critically needed. Here we present identification of an antibody target with superior performance compared to traditionally used crude antigens in schistosomiasis serology. Access to unique controlled human infection model samples, traveler samples, and negative controls enabled this discovery, which forms the basis for development of new diagnostic tools urgently needed in travel medicine, surveillance in emerging transmission zones driven by climate change, and in pre- and post-elimination scenarios.
Ethnic disparities in rapid tranquillisation use and justifications in adult mental health inpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pedersen Martin Locht , Bricca Alessio , Baker John , Schjerning Ole , Munk-Olsen Trine , Gildberg Frederik Alkier 
Published: January 2025

QuestionEvidence on the likelihood of receiving rapid tranquillisation (RT) across ethnic groups is mixed, with some studies suggesting that ethnic minorities are more likely to receive RT than others. We aimed to investigate the association between ethnicity and RT use in adult mental health inpatient settings and to explore explanations for RT use in relation to ethnicity.Study selection and analysisWe searched six databases, grey sources, and references from their inception to 15 April 2024. We included studies reporting the association between RT and ethnic groups in adult mental health inpatient settings. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was performed using odds ratio (OR) to estimate the association. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the overall certainty of the evidence. We reported narratively any explanations for RT use in relation to ethnicity. PROSPERO: CRD42024423831.FindingsFifteen studies with 38 622 individuals were included, mainly using white or native as the ethnic majority group compared with other ethnic groups. Individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds were significantly more likely to receive RT than those with ethnic majority backgrounds (OR=1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25 to 1.78; moderate certainty), corresponding to a relative risk of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.48).ConclusionDisparities appear to exist in RT use across ethnic groups in adult mental health inpatient settings, disproportionately affecting ethnic minorities. Further research is required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this issue.
Pharmacogenomics and symptom management in palliative and supportive care: A scoping review
Authors: Barry Caroline , Patel Martyn 
Published: January 2025

ContextPharmacogenomics (PGx) is an area of expanding research, which could indicate whether an individual is likely to benefit from a symptom control medication. Palliative and supportive care (PSC) could be an area that benefits from PGx, however, little is known about the current evidence base for this.ObjectiveTo determine how PGx can be applied in PSC, whether there is any evidence of benefit, and to understand the extent and type of evidence that supports the use of PGx in PSC.MethodsA search of six databases up to July 2024. Reference snowballing from review articles and screened papers was used to identify any missed articles.Results11 articles were reviewed. A total of 550 patients had a PGx test across 8/11 studies. Up to half of the patients had an actionable PGx result, and in one study there were 4.6 drug-gene interactions per patient. Implementation of PGx was found to be feasible. Clinician adherence to advice given was under-reported. No studies reported health economics analysis, or was designed to definitively answer whether PGx was better than standard care.ConclusionsIt is both feasible and acceptable to conduct PGx testing in a supportive and palliative care setting. Many supportive care medications are amenable to PGx. Clinician adherence to recommendations is variable and there is no clear evidence that PGx enhances palliative/supportive care patient outcomes. Prospective, clinical trials are needed to establish whether PGx can improve symptom management for people receiving PSC.
Shallow Foundation Load Testing on Natural Florida Limestone: Single Rock Layer and Rock-Over-Sand Subsurface
Authors: Yang Kunyu , McVay Michael , Rodgers Michael B , Wasman Scott , Tran Khiem , Faraone Michael , Herrera Rodrigo , Horhota David 
Published: January 2025

This article presents three shallow foundation load tests under various layer conditions (single rock layer and rock-over-sand subsurface), rock strengths, and limestone formations. Rock coring with laboratory triaxial testing, standard penetration tests (SPT), seismic shear tests, and measuring while drilling (MWD) tests were performed to identify the representative mass bulk dry unit weight (γ<sub>dt</sub>) and the spatial variability of γ<sub>dt</sub>. The geometric mean and median γ<sub>dt</sub>, together with seismic shear results, were used to characterize rock strength and stiffness. Each footing test was sized at 1.07–1.83 m to fit the 12.20 m load frame (8.01 MN capacity) using laboratory-assessed bilinear strength envelopes of the rock. Predicted bearing capacities with Florida bearing capacity equations provided reasonable estimates for three load tests. Mean and differential settlement, including spatial variability for a single footing on a heterogeneous rock layer, were captured with the Fenton and Griffiths method. For the settlement prediction of rock-over-sand subsurface, a parametric study was conducted for typical footing size, rock thickness, and mass properties with the finite element method (FEM), and a Winkler approach with a stress-dependent weighted harmonic mean modulus (E<sub>eq</sub>). The proposed method achieved good agreement with the FEM results and was validated with load tests.
Structural analysis of physical gel networks using graph neural networks
Authors: Gimperlein Matthias , Dominsky Felix , Schmiedeberg Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We employ graph neural networks (GNN) to analyse and classify physical gel networks obtained from Brownian dynamics simulations of particles with competing attractive and repulsive interactions. Conventionally such gels are characterized by their position in a state diagram spanned by the packing fraction and the strength of the attraction. Gel networks at different regions of such a state diagram are qualitatively different although structural differences are subtile while dynamical properties are more pronounced. However, using graph classification the GNN is capable of positioning complete or partial snapshots of such gel networks at the correct position in the state diagram based on purely structural input. Furthermore, we demonstrate that not only supervised learning but also unsupervised learning can be used successfully. Therefore, the small structural differences are sufficient to classify the gel networks. Even the trend of data from experiments with different salt concentrations is classified correctly if the GNN was only trained with simulation data. Finally, GNNs are used to compute backbones of gel networks. As the node features used in the GNN are computed in linear time

$$\mathcal {O}(N)$$

O
(
N
)

, the use of GNN significantly accelerates the computation of reduced networks on a particle level.

Graphic abstract
The physical nature of the event horizon in the Schwarzschild black hole solution
Authors: Vavryčuk Václav 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the relationship between the Schwarzschild metric and alternative metrics used to describe the gravitational field of a black hole in free space. While it is well-established that an infinite number of coordinate systems can be employed in general relativity, we demonstrate that the black hole solution is unique when expressed in a physically meaningful (proper) coordinate system. Notably, this coordinate system differs from the Schwarzschild metric due to the distinction between the true physical distance R and the Schwarzschild coordinate distance r. Consequently, the event horizon, commonly associated with the Schwarzschild solution, is shown to be a coordinate artefact of the chosen covariant metric tensor rather than a coordinate-invariant physical feature. As a result, no boundary prevents outgoing photons from escaping the black hole’s vicinity. This finding challenges the mainstream interpretation but remains fully consistent with general relativity. Moreover, it is supported by numerical modelling of light rays near a black hole. By reconsidering the existence of event horizons, this work offers potential resolutions to long-standing issues in black hole formation theories and the emission of electromagnetic and gravitational waves from black holes.

Graphical abstract