bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Early Neoproterozoic Paleomagnetic Constraints of the Northwestern China Blocks on the Periphery of Rodinia
Authors: Xu Yan , Zhang Shihong , Zhang Chuanlin , Ye Xiantao , Ren Qiang , Gao Yangjun , Li Haiyan , Yang Tianshui , Wu Huaichun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent studies highlight the debates about the role of the northwestern China blocks, for example, north Tarim block, south Tarim block (STB), Altyn Tagh block (ATB) and Qaidam‐Qilian block (QQB) during the assembly of Rodinia. We herein present a combined paleomagnetic, geochronological, and geochemical study on 16 mafic dikes in the northern ATB. After removing a recent viscous remanent magnetization, three characteristic remanent magnetization components (CHs) were isolated. CH1 was identified in eight NW‐trending diabase dikes, one of which was newly dated at 895.3 ± 7.7 Ma through use of SHRIMP baddeleyite U‐Pb methodology. It yields a mean direction (D/I) of 123.3°/−42.2° (α95 = 12.1°). The paleopole (40.9°S/184.6°E, A95 = 11.7°) was calculated by averaging eight virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) from each dike. A partial baked‐contact test supports the primary origin of CH1. CH2 was isolated from three E‐W trending diabase dikes, pointing northwest with considerably shallower downward inclinations. CH3 was obtained from five lamprophyre dikes, directing southeast with moderate to shallow upward inclinations. However, the VGPs of either CH2 or CH3 are insufficient to average a precise mean pole. Geochemical analyses also reveal petrogenetic discrepancy among the dikes with distinct CHs. Combining the new ∼895 Ma pole of CH1 with the global paleomagnetic database and being aided by geological evidence, we propose that the STB‐ATB‐QQB and the north China craton were located along the northwestern side of Laurentia in Rodinia at ∼895 Ma, and suggest the connection might have been intact until ∼780 Ma.
Effect of Estuary Urbanization on Tidal Dynamics and High Tide Flooding in a Coastal Lagoon
Authors: Pareja‐Roman L. Fernando , Orton P. M. , Talke S. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh tide floods (HTFs) are minor, shallow flooding events whose frequency has increased due to relative sea‐level rise (SLR) and secular changes in tides. Here we isolate and examine the role of historical landscape change (geomorphology, land cover) and SLR on tides and HTF frequency in an urbanized lagoonal estuary: Jamaica Bay, New York. The approach involves data archeology, historical (1870s) map digitization, as well as numerical modeling of the bay. Numerical simulations indicate that a century of landscape alterations (e.g., inlet deepening and widening, channel deepening, and wetland reclamation) increased the mean tidal range at the head of the bay by about 20%. The observed historical shift from the attenuation to amplification of semidiurnal tides is primarily associated with reduced tidal damping at the inlet and increased tidal reflection. The 18% decrease in surface area exerts a minor influence. A 1‐year (2020) water level simulation is used to evaluate the effects of both SLR and altered morphology on the annual number of HTFs. Results show that of 15 “minor flood” events in 2020, only one would have occurred without SLR and two without landscape changes since the 1870s. Spectral and transfer function analyses of water level reveal frequency‐dependent fingerprints of landscape change, with a significant decrease in damping for high‐frequency surges and tides (6–18 hr time scale). By contrast, SLR produced only minor effects on frequency‐dependent amplification. Nonetheless, the geomorphic influence on the dynamical response significantly increases the vulnerability of the system to SLR, particularly high‐tide flooding.
Multi‐Scale Temporal Variability of Turbulent Mixing During a Monsoon Intra‐Seasonal Oscillation in the Bay of Bengal: An LES Study
Authors: Pham Hieu T. , Sarkar Sutanu , Johnson Leah , Fox‐Kemper Baylor , Sullivan Peter P. , Li Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA process study using large‐eddy simulations is carried out to explore the dominant 1‐D processes that affect mixed layer (ML) properties during an event of summer Monsoon Intra‐seasonal Oscillations (MISO) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB). These simulations use realistic air‐sea fluxes and initial conditions that were collected during the summer 2018 MISO‐BOB field experiment to explore the roles of thermal inversion layer (TIL) and Langmuir turbulence (LT) in modulating ML properties. The simulations span an active period with heavy rain and strong winds and a break period with strong solar heat flux and little rain. The mixed layer depth (MLD), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) are most affected by the presence of near‐inertial oscillations, solar heating and precipitation, all of which occur at different timescales. The subsurface warming induced by the TIL reduces the SST variability at the MISO timescale when compared with the simulation without TIL. Comparison of simulations with and without LT indicates that LT enhances subsurface warming during the active phase and reduces diurnal SST modulation during the break phase. Simulations with 1‐D mixing models show a wide disparity in the evolution of MLD, SST, and SSS.
Tumor-intrinsic IRE1α signaling controls protective immunity in lung cancer
Authors: Crowley Michael J. P. , Bhinder Bhavneet , Markowitz Geoffrey J. , Martin Mitchell , Verma Akanksha , Sandoval Tito A. , Chae Chang-Suk , Yomtoubian Shira , Hu Yang , Chopra Sahil , Tavarez Diamile A. , Giovanelli Paolo , Gao Dingcheng , McGraw Timothy E. , Altorki Nasser K. , Elemento Olivier , Cubillos-Ruiz Juan R. , Mittal Vivek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIRE1α-XBP1 signaling is emerging as a central orchestrator of malignant progression and immunosuppression in various cancer types. Employing a computational XBP1s detection method applied to TCGA datasets, we demonstrate that expression of the XBP1s mRNA isoform predicts poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Ablation of IRE1α in malignant cells delays tumor progression and extends survival in mouse models of NSCLC. This protective effect is accompanied by alterations in intratumoral immune cell subsets eliciting durable adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Mechanistically, cancer cell-intrinsic IRE1α activation sustains mPGES-1 expression, enabling production of the immunosuppressive lipid mediator prostaglandin E2. Accordingly, restoring mPGES-1 expression in IRE1αKO cancer cells rescues normal tumor progression. We have developed an IRE1α gene signature that predicts immune cell infiltration and overall survival in human NSCLC. Our study unveils an immunoregulatory role for cancer cell-intrinsic IRE1α activation and suggests that targeting this pathway may help enhance anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC.
Apremilast prevents blistering in human epidermis and stabilizes keratinocyte adhesion in pemphigus
Authors: Sigmund Anna M. , Winkler Markus , Engelmayer Sophia , Kugelmann Daniela , Egu Desalegn T. , Steinert Letyfee S. , Fuchs Michael , Hiermaier Matthias , Radeva Mariya Y. , Bayerbach Franziska C. , Butz Elisabeth , Kotschi Stefan , Hudemann Christoph , Hertl Michael , Yeruva Sunil , Schmidt Enno , Yazdi Amir S. , Ghoreschi Kamran , Vielmuth Franziska , Waschke Jens 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening blistering skin disease caused by autoantibodies destabilizing desmosomal adhesion. Current therapies focus on suppression of autoantibody formation and thus treatments directly stabilizing keratinocyte adhesion would fulfill an unmet medical need. We here demonstrate that apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor used in psoriasis, prevents skin blistering in pemphigus vulgaris. Apremilast abrogates pemphigus autoantibody-induced loss of keratinocyte cohesion in ex-vivo human epidermis, cultured keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo in mice. In parallel, apremilast inhibits keratin retraction as well as desmosome splitting, induces phosphorylation of plakoglobin at serine 665 and desmoplakin assembly into desmosomal plaques. We established a plakoglobin phospho-deficient mouse model that reveals fragile epidermis with altered organization of keratin filaments and desmosomal cadherins. In keratinocytes derived from these mice, intercellular adhesion is impaired and not rescued by apremilast. These data identify an unreported mechanism of desmosome regulation and propose that apremilast stabilizes keratinocyte adhesion and is protective in pemphigus.
Widely conserved AHL transcription factors are essential for NCR gene expression and nodule development in Medicago
Authors: Zhang Senlei , Wang Ting , Lima Rui M. , Pettkó-Szandtner Aladár , Kereszt Attila , Downie J. Allan , Kondorosi Eva 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSymbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium bacteria in the cells of legume root nodules alleviates the need for nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen fixation requires the endosymbionts to differentiate into bacteroids which can be reversible or terminal. The latter is controlled by the plant, it is more beneficial and has evolved in multiple clades of the Leguminosae family. The plant effectors of terminal differentiation in inverted repeat-lacking clade legumes (IRLC) are nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, which are absent in legumes such as soybean where there is no terminal differentiation of rhizobia. It was assumed that NCRs co-evolved with specific transcription factors, but our work demonstrates that expression of NCR genes does not require NCR-specific transcription factors. Introduction of the Medicago truncatula NCR169 gene under its own promoter into soybean roots resulted in its nodule-specific expression, leading to bacteroid changes associated with terminal differentiation. We identified two AT-Hook Motif Nuclear Localized (AHL) transcription factors from both M. truncatula and soybean nodules that bound to AT-rich sequences in the NCR169 promoter inducing its expression. Whereas mutation of NCR169 arrested bacteroid development at a late stage, the absence of MtAHL1 or MtAHL2 completely blocked bacteroid differentiation indicating that they also regulate other NCR genes required for the development of nitrogen-fixing nodules. Regulation of NCRs by orthologous transcription factors in non-IRLC legumes opens up the possibility of increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fixation in legumes lacking NCRs.
Theoretical error performance analysis for variational quantum circuit based functional regression
Authors: Qi Jun , Yang Chao-Han Huck , Chen Pin-Yu , Hsieh Min-Hsiu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices enable the implementation of the variational quantum circuit (VQC) for quantum neural networks (QNN). Although the VQC-based QNN has succeeded in many machine learning tasks, the representation and generalization powers of VQC still require further investigation, particularly when the dimensionality of classical inputs is concerned. In this work, we first put forth an end-to-end QNN, TTN-VQC, which consists of a quantum tensor network based on a tensor-train network (TTN) for dimensionality reduction and a VQC for functional regression. Then, we aim at the error performance analysis for the TTN-VQC in terms of representation and generalization powers. We also characterize the optimization properties of TTN-VQC by leveraging the Polyak-Lojasiewicz condition. Moreover, we conduct the experiments of functional regression on a handwritten digit classification dataset to justify our theoretical analysis.
Non-linear Boson Sampling
Authors: Spagnolo Nicolò , Brod Daniel J. , Galvão Ernesto F. , Sciarrino Fabio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBoson Sampling is a task that is conjectured to be computationally hard for a classical computer, but which can be efficiently solved by linear-optical interferometers with Fock state inputs. Significant advances have been reported in the last few years, with demonstrations of small- and medium-scale devices, as well as implementations of variants such as Gaussian Boson Sampling. Besides the relevance of this class of computational models in the quest for unambiguous experimental demonstrations of quantum advantage, recent results have also proposed the first applications for hybrid quantum computing. Here, we introduce the adoption of non-linear photon–photon interactions in the Boson Sampling framework, and analyze the enhancement in complexity via an explicit linear-optical simulation scheme. By extending the computational expressivity of Boson Sampling, the introduction of non-linearities promises to disclose novel functionalities for this class of quantum devices. Hence, our results are expected to lead to new applications of near-term, restricted photonic quantum computers.
Cooperative adaptive management of the Nile River with climate and socio-economic uncertainties
Authors: Basheer Mohammed , Nechifor Victor , Calzadilla Alvaro , Gebrechorkos Solomon , Pritchard David , Forsythe Nathan , Gonzalez Jose M. , Sheffield Justin , Fowler Hayley J. , Harou Julien J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe uncertainties around the hydrological and socio-economic implications of climate change pose a challenge for Nile River system management, especially with rapidly rising demands for river-system-related services and political tensions between the riparian countries. Cooperative adaptive management of the Nile can help alleviate some of these stressors and tensions. Here we present a planning framework for adaptive management of the Nile infrastructure system, combining climate projections; hydrological, river system and economy-wide simulators; and artificial intelligence multi-objective design and machine learning algorithms. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by designing a cooperative adaptive management policy for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam that balances the transboundary economic and biophysical interests of Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. This shows that if the three countries compromise cooperatively and adaptively in managing the dam, the national-level economic and resilience benefits are substantial, especially under climate projections with the most extreme streamflow changes.
Continuous exposure to isoprenaline reduced myotube size by delaying myoblast differentiation and fusion through the NFAT-MEF2C signaling pathway
Authors: Yue Jing , Xu Wei , Xiang Li , Chen Shao-juan , Li Xin-yuan , Yang Qian , Zhang Ruo-nan , Bao Xin , Wang Yan , Mbadhi MagdaleenaNaemi , Liu Yun , Yao Lu-yuan , Chen Long , Zhao Xiao-ying , Hu Chang-qing , Zhang Jing-xuan , Zheng Hong-tao , Wu Yan , Chen Shi-You , Li Shan , Lv Jing , Shi Liu-liu , Tang Jun-ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe aimed to explore whether superfluous sympathetic activity affects myoblast differentiation, fusion, and myofiber types using a continuous single-dose isoprenaline exposure model in vitro and to further confirm the role of distinct NFATs in ISO-mediated effects. Compared with delivery of single and interval single, continuous single-dose ISO most obviously diminished myotube size while postponing myoblast differentiation/fusion in a time- and dose-dependent pattern, accompanied by an apparent decrease in nuclear NFATc1/c2 levels and a slight increase in nuclear NFATc3/c4 levels. Overexpression of NFATc1 or NFATc2, particularly NFATc1, markedly abolished the inhibitory effects of ISO on myoblast differentiation/fusion, myotube size and Myh7 expression, which was attributed to a remarkable increase in the nuclear NFATc1/c2 levels and a reduction in the nuclear NFATc4 levels and the associated increase in the numbers of MyoG and MEF2C positive nuclei within more than 3 nuclei myotubes, especially in MEF2C. Moreover, knockdown of NFATc3 by shRNA did not alter the inhibitory effect of ISO on myoblast differentiation/fusion or myotube size but partially recovered the expression of Myh7, which was related to the slightly increased nuclear levels of NFATc1/c2, MyoG and MEF2C. Knockdown of NFATc4 by shRNA prominently increased the number of MyHC +, MyoG or MEF2C + myoblast cells with 1 ~ 2 nuclei, causing fewer numbers and smaller myotube sizes. However, NFATc4 knockdown further deteriorated the effects of ISO on myoblast fusion and myotube size, with more than 5 nuclei and Myh1/2/4 expression, which was associated with a decrease in nuclear NFATc2/c3 levels. Therefore, ISO inhibited myoblast differentiation/fusion and myotube size through the NFAT-MyoG-MEF2C signaling pathway.
Molecular analyses of pseudoscorpions in a subterranean biodiversity hotspot reveal cryptic diversity and microendemism
Authors: Hlebec Dora , Podnar Martina , Kučinić Mladen , Harms Danilo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNested within the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, the Dinaric Karst of the western Balkans is one of the world’s most heterogeneous subterranean ecosystems and renowned for its highly diverse and mostly endemic fauna. The evolutionary processes leading to both endemism and diversity remain insufficiently understood, and large-scale analyses on taxa that are abundant in both subterranean and surface habitats remain infrequent. Here, we provide the first comprehensive molecular study on Croatian pseudoscorpions, a lineage of arachnids that is common and diverse in both habitats. Phylogenetic reconstructions using 499 COI sequences derived from 128 morphospecies collected across the Dinaric Karst show that: (i) occurrence in karstic microhabitats boosters speciation and endemism in the most diverse genera Chthonius C.L. Koch, 1843 (37 morphospecies) and Neobisium Chamberlin, 1930 (34 morphospecies), (ii) evidence for ongoing diversification is found in many species and species complexes through low optimal thresholds (OTs) and species delineation analyses, and (iii) landscape features, such as mountain ranges, correlate with patterns of genetic diversity in the diverse genus Neobisium. We present two synonymies: Protoneobisium Ćurčić, 1988 = Neobisium, syn. nov., and Archaeoroncus Ćurčić and Rađa, 2012 = Roncus L. Koch, 1873, syn. nov. Overall, our study suggests that karstic microhabitats promote diversification in soil- and cave-dwelling arthropods at all taxonomic levels, but also provide important refugia for invertebrates in past and present periods of environmental change.
Fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging reveals a significant cell nuclear viscosity and refractive index changes upon DNA damage
Authors: Clancy Ellen , Ramadurai Siva , Needham Sarah R. , Baker Karen , Eastwood Tara A. , Weinstein Julia A. , Mulvihill Daniel P. , Botchway Stanley W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCytoplasmic viscosity is a crucial parameter in determining rates of diffusion-limited reactions. Changes in viscosity are associated with several diseases, whilst nuclear viscosity determines gene integrity, regulation and expression. Yet how drugs including DNA-damaging agents affect viscosity is unknown. We demonstrate the use of a platinum complex, Pt[L]Cl, that localizes efficiently mostly in the nucleus as a probe for nuclear viscosity. The phosphorescence lifetime of Pt[L]Cl is sensitive to viscosity and provides an excellent tool to investigate the impact of DNA damage. We show using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) that the lifetime of both green and red fluorescent proteins (FP) are also sensitive to changes in cellular viscosity and refractive index. However, Pt[L]Cl proved to be a more sensitive viscosity probe, by virtue of microsecond phosphorescence lifetime versus nanosecond fluorescence lifetime of FP, hence greater sensitivity to bimolecular reactions. DNA damage was inflicted by either a two-photon excitation, one-photon excitation microbeam and X-rays. DNA damage of live cells causes significant increase in the lifetime of either Pt[L]Cl (HeLa cells, 12.5–14.1 µs) or intracellularly expressed mCherry (HEK293 cells, 1.54–1.67 ns), but a decrease in fluorescence lifetime of GFP from 2.65 to 2.29 ns (in V15B cells). These values represent a viscosity change from 8.59 to 20.56 cP as well as significant changes in the refractive index (RI), according to independent calibration. Interestingly DNA damage localized to a submicron region following a laser microbeam induction showed a whole cell viscosity change, with those in the nucleus being greater than the cytoplasm. We also found evidence of a by-stander effect, whereby adjacent un-irradiated cells also showed nuclear viscosity change. Finally, an increase in viscosity following DNA damage was also observed in bacterial cells with an over-expressed mNeonGreen FP, evidenced by the change in its lifetime from 2.8 to 2.4 ns.
The temporal dynamics of selective attention are reflected by distractor intrusions
Authors: Zivony Alon , Eimer Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen observers have to identify an object embedded in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream, they often erroneously report the identity of a distractor instead of the target (distractor intrusion). In two experiments, we examined whether these intrusion errors are associated with the speed of attentional engagement. Participants reported the identity of target digits indicated by shape selection cues. To manipulate the speed of engagement, targets appeared either within a single RSVP stream or unpredictably in one of two streams. Objects that followed the selection cue were reported more frequently when engagement was delayed (two streams), whereas the probability of reporting objects preceding the cue was higher when engagement was faster (single stream). These results show that distractor intrusions are closely linked to the allocation of selective attention in time, making the intrusion paradigm a useful tool for research into the temporal dynamics of attention. They also provide new evidence for the idea that attentional selectivity operates within brief periods of perceptual enhancement (attentional episodes), facilitating the processing of all objects within this period, regardless of their status as targets or distractors.
The role of pore fluids in supershear earthquake ruptures
Authors: Pampillón Pedro , Santillán David , Mosquera Juan C. , Cueto-Felgueroso Luis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe intensity and damage potential of earthquakes are linked to the speed at which rupture propagates along sliding crustal faults. Most earthquakes are sub-Rayleigh, with ruptures that are slower than the surface Rayleigh waves. In supershear earthquakes, ruptures are faster than the shear waves, leading to sharp pressure concentrations and larger intensities compared with the more common sub-Rayleigh ones. Despite significant theoretical and experimental advances over the past two decades, the geological and geomechanical controls on rupture speed transitions remain poorly understood. Here we propose that pore fluids play an important role in explaining earthquake rupture speed: the pore pressure may increase sharply at the compressional front during rupture propagation, promoting shear failure ahead of the rupture front and accelerating its propagation into the supershear range. We characterize the transition from sub-Rayleigh to supershear rupture in fluid-saturated rock, and show that the proposed poroelastic weakening mechanism may be a controlling factor for intersonic earthquake ruptures.