bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ionospheric Response to the 2013 SSW Event Over the Asian‐Australian Sector
Authors: Fashae J. B. , Bolaji O. S. , Rabiu A. B. , Ajani O. O. , Fadiji J. O. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the response of the Asian‐Australian low‐latitude ionosphere to the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event. The equatorial ionization anomaly structures were built from the latitudinal distribution of Total Electron Content (TEC) measured from 10 Global Positioning System receivers along 115°E in the Asian‐Australian sector. A pair of magnetometers and NASA Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite airglow instrument were also employed to measure the equatorial electrojet strength (inferred E × B drift) and to unveil the changes in the neutral thermospheric O/N2 ratio during the SSW event, respectively. The relocation of the northern crests to higher latitudes during the SSW compared to the non‐SSW periods was mainly attributed to the combined effect of enhanced magnetometer‐inferred upward‐directed E × B drift and increasing solar flux. The local time shift in the thermospheric O/N2 ratio, a slight enhancement in the magnitude of the semi‐diurnal magnetometer‐inferred upward‐directed E × B drift, and changes in solar flux were primarily responsible for the hemispheric TEC enhancement during mid‐January compared to SSW onset. Additionally, the photo‐ionization effect due to increasing solar flux further enhances the TEC magnitude during the relaxing phase. On the other hand, the strong thermospheric equatorward wind played a crucial role in moving the plasma to lower latitudes during the zonal wind transition phases. A moderate geomagnetic storm of 17 January 2013 did not perturb the Asian‐Australian ionosphere. However, on 18 January 2013, the storm had a significant impact and greatly diminished the effect of the SSW.
Resolution of a Few Problems in the Application of Quasilinear Theory to Calculating Diffusion Coefficients in Heliophysics
Authors: Cunningham Gregory S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA theory of quasilinear diffusion for obliquely propagating electromagnetic waves was developed in the 1960's and applied in the 1970's to model scattering of relativistic electrons by a prescribed distribution of waves. In the latter work, a transformation of variables, from wavevector space to the temporal frequency and tangent of the wave normal angle, was used so that simple Gaussian functions of frequency and tangent of the wave normal angle could be multiplied together to define the distribution of wave power, although arbitrary distributions of power in these two variables is also permitted. Finally, in 2005, previous work was consolidated and has been widely used in heliophysics studies that require computation of quasilinear diffusion coefficients. Here it is shown that this transformation is inppropriate when the precise wave vector distribution is known. The correct transformation is derived and used to produce diffusion coefficients that can differ by orders of magnitude from those computed using the inappropriate transformation. The differences are largest when the distribution of wave power extends to wave normal angles near the resonance cone. When the ratio of the plasma frequency to the gyrofrequency is large, only low energies (keV) are affected, but as the ratio decreases higher energies (MeV) also show differences. It is also shown that the derivation from the 1960's uses a notation that results in the diffusion coefficients depending on the distribution of wave power with respect to the wave azimuthal angle whereas there should be no such dependence.
Persistent Homology as a Heterogeneity Metric for Predicting Pore Size Change in Dissolving Carbonates
Authors: Thompson E. P. , Ellis B. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccurate prediction of physical alterations in carbonate reservoirs under dissolution is critical for development of subsurface energy technologies. The impact of mineral dissolution on flow characteristics depends on the connectivity and tortuosity of the pore network. Persistent homology is a tool from algebraic topology that describes the size and connectivity of topological features. When applied to 3D X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) imagery of rock cores, it provides a novel metric of pore network heterogeneity. Prior works have demonstrated the efficacy of persistent homology in predicting flow properties in numerical simulations of flow through porous media. Its ability to combine size, spatial distribution, and connectivity information make it a promising tool for understanding reactive transport in complex pore networks, yet limited work has been done to apply persistence analysis to experimental studies on natural rocks. In this study, three limestone cores were imaged by XCT before and after acid‐driven dissolution flow‐through experiments. Each XCT scan was analyzed using persistent homology. In all three rocks, permeability increase was driven by the growth of large, connected pore bodies. The two most homogenous samples saw an increased effect nearer to the flow inlet, suggesting emerging preferential flow paths as the reaction front progresses. The most heterogeneous sample showed an increase in along‐core homogeneity during reaction. Variability of persistence showed moderate positive correlation with pore body size increase. Persistence heterogeneity analysis could be used to anticipate where greatest pore size evolution may occur in a reservoir targeted for subsurface development, improving confidence in project viability.
Hopes, concerns, satisfaction and regret in a precision medicine trial for childhood cancer: a mixed-methods study of parent and patient perspectives
Authors: Wakefield Claire E. , Hetherington Kate , Robertson Eden G. , Donoghoe Mark W. , Hunter Jacqueline D. , Vetsch Janine , Marron Jonathan M. , Tucker Katherine M. , Marshall Glenn M. , Broom Alexander , Haber Michelle , Tyrrell Vanessa , Malkin David , Lau Loretta , Mateos Marion K. , O’Brien Tracey A. , Ziegler David S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric precision oncology aims to match therapeutic agents to driver gene targets. We investigated whether parents and patients regret participation in precision medicine trials, particularly when their hopes are unfulfilled.MethodsParents and adolescent patients completed questionnaires at trial enrolment (T0) and after receiving results (T1). Parents opted-in to an interview at T1. Bereaved parents completed a questionnaire 6-months post-bereavement (T1B). We analysed quantitative data with R and qualitative data thematically with NVivo, before integrating all data for interpretation.Results182 parents and 23 patients completed T0; 108/182 parents and 8/23 patients completed T1; 27/98 bereaved parents completed T1B; and 45/108 parents were interviewed. At enrolment, participants held concurrent hopes that precision medicine would benefit future children and their child. Participants expressed concern regarding wait-times for receipt of results. Most participants found the trial beneficial and not burdensome, including bereaved parents. Participants reported high trial satisfaction (median scores: parents: 93/100; patients: 80/100). Participants expressed few regrets (parent median scores: parents: 10/100; bereaved parents: 15/100; patient regret: 2/8 expressed minimal regret).ConclusionsEven when trial outcomes did not match their hopes, parents and patients rarely regretted participating in a childhood cancer precision medicine trial. These data are critical for integrating participants’ views into future precision medicine delivery.
Evaluating multi-cancer early detection tests: an argument for the outcome of recurrence-updated stage
Authors: Callister Matthew E. J. , Crosbie Emma J. , Crosbie Philip A. J. , Robbins Hilary A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe advent of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests has the potential to revolutionise the diagnosis of cancer, improving patient outcomes through early diagnosis and increased use of curative therapies. The ongoing NHS-Galleri trial is evaluating an MCED test developed by GRAIL, and is using as its primary endpoint the absolute incidence of late-stage cancer. Proponents of this outcome argue that if the test reduces the number of patients with advanced, incurable cancer, it can be reasonably assumed to be benefitting patients by reducing cancer mortality. Here, we argue that this assumption may not always hold due to the phenomenon of micro-metastatic disease, and propose an adjustment to the trial outcome so that it may better reflect the expected effect of the test on cancer mortality.
Cortical Lewy body injections induce long-distance pathogenic alterations in the non-human primate brain
Authors: Teil Margaux , Dovero Sandra , Bourdenx Mathieu , Arotcarena Marie-Laure , Darricau Morgane , Porras Gregory , Thiolat Marie-Laure , Trigo-Damas Inés , Perier Celine , Estrada Cristina , Garcia-Carrillo Nuria , Herrero María Trinidad , Vila Miquel , Obeso José A. , Bezard Erwan , Dehay Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is the cornerstone of neurodegenerative diseases termed synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). These synucleinopathies are characterized by the deposit of aggregated α-syn in intracellular inclusions observable in neurons and glial cells. In PD and DLB, these aggregates, predominantly located in neurons, are called Lewy Bodies (LBs). These LBs are one of the pathological hallmarks of PD and DLB, alongside dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of PD patient-derived LB fractions to induce nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and α-syn pathology when injected into the striatum or the enteric nervous system of non-human primates. Here, we report the pathological consequences of injecting these LB fractions into the cortex of non-human primates. To this end, we inoculated mesencephalic PD patient-derived LB fractions into the prefrontal cortex of baboon monkeys terminated one year later. Extensive analyses were performed to evaluate pathological markers known to be affected in LB pathologies. We first assessed the hypothesized presence of phosphorylated α-syn at S129 (pSyn) in the prefrontal cortices. Second, we quantified the neuronal, microglial, and astrocytic cell survival in the same cortices. Third, we characterized these cortical LB injections’ putative impact on the integrity of the nigrostriatal system. Overall, we observed pSyn accumulation around the injection site in the dorsal prefrontal cortex, in connected cortical regions, and further towards the striatum, suggesting α-syn pathological propagation. The pathology was also accompanied by neuronal loss in these prefrontal cortical regions and the caudate nucleus, without, however, loss of nigral dopamine neurons. In conclusion, this pilot study provides novel data demonstrating the toxicity of patient-derived extracts, their potential to propagate from the cortex to the striatum in non-human primates, and a possible primate model of DLB.
Ligament injury in adult zebrafish triggers ECM remodeling and cell dedifferentiation for scar-free regeneration
Authors: Anderson Troy , Mo Julia , Gagarin Ernesto , Sherwood Desmarie , Blumenkrantz Maria , Mao Eric , Leon Gianna , Levitz Hailey , Chen Hung-Jhen , Tseng Kuo-Chang , Fabian Peter , Crump J. Gage , Smeeton Joanna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAfter traumatic injury, healing of mammalian ligaments is typically associated with fibrotic scarring as opposed to scar-free regeneration. In contrast, here we show that the ligament supporting the jaw joint of adult zebrafish is capable of rapid and complete scar-free healing. Following surgical transection of the jaw joint ligament, we observe breakdown of ligament tissue adjacent to the cut sites, expansion of mesenchymal tissue within the wound site, and then remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) to a normal ligament morphology. Lineage tracing of mature ligamentocytes following transection shows that they dedifferentiate, undergo cell cycle re-entry, and contribute to the regenerated ligament. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the regenerating ligament reveals dynamic expression of ECM genes in neural-crest-derived mesenchymal cells, as well as diverse immune cells expressing the endopeptidase-encoding gene legumain. Analysis of legumain mutant zebrafish shows a requirement for early ECM remodeling and efficient ligament regeneration. Our study establishes a new model of adult scar-free ligament regeneration and highlights roles of immune-mesenchyme cross-talk in ECM remodeling that initiates regeneration.
Family caregivers’ abusive behaviour and its association with internalized stigma of people living with schizophrenia in China
Authors: Li Yilu , Qiu Dan , Wu Qiuyan , Ni Anyan , Tang Zixuan , Xiao Shuiyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFamily caregiving of people living with schizophrenia (PLS) can be burdensome, and some family caregivers may perpetrate abusive behavior that could be harmful to PLS. This study aims to examine the association of family caregivers’ abusive behavior with internalized stigma of PLS and draw attention to this problem. PLS were recruited from four cities across China and completed measures of abusive behavior and internalized stigma. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between family caregivers’ abusive behavior and internalized stigma of PLS. A total of 693 PLS were include in this study. 22.7% of the participants had experienced one or more of the abusive behaviors perpetrated by family caregivers. The most common type of abusive behavior towards PLS was verbal abuse and 4.2% of the participants reported physical abuse. 44.6 % of participants reported a high level of internalized stigma. PLS who experienced any abusive behavior by family caregivers had significantly higher levels of internalized stigma. Family caregivers’ abusive behavior is positively associated with alienation and social withdrawal but not with stereotype endorsement and discrimination of PLS. To end all forms of stigma and discrimination against PLS, more attention needs to be paid to the families of PLS.
On strata damage and stress disturbance induced by coal mining based on physical similarity simulation experiments
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Yingchun , Wang Lujun , Wu Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtensive studies have been conducted on the movement of overlying strata when a single coal seam is mined. However, structural characteristics and associated stress field variation of the overlying strata over multiple coal seam mining remain unclear. Here we performed physical modelling experiments analogous to No. 42108 working face of Buertai coal mine, Shendong coalfield, where No. 22 coal seam (2.9 m thickness) was mined first, preceding No. 42 upper coal seam (6.1 m thickness) with an inter-coal-seam distance of 72.8 m. We employed DIC (digital image correlation) measurement and systematically-laid pressure cells to visualize the overlying strata movement and monitor stress field variations over multiple coal seam mining. We found that the stress of the inter-coal-seam strata increased significantly in the late mining stage of No. 22 coal seam due to the strata collapse, and culminated after compaction of the caved blocks. The inter-coal-seam strata stress gradually decreased over mining of No. 42 upper coal seam and arrived at zero after the inter-coal-seam strata collapsed. The mining of No. 42 upper coal seam aggravated the roof settlement of No. 22 coal seam; and the floor stress was noticeably lower than that of No. 22 coal seam due to the pressure-relief caused by the former mining activity. Our physical modelling findings advanced our understanding on structural characteristics and stress evolutions of overlying strata over multiple coal seam mining and offered guidance for prediction and mitigation of strata movement associated disasters in underground coal mining with geomechanical and mining conditions similar to those of Buertai coal mine.
Adverse event signal extraction from cancer patients’ narratives focusing on impact on their daily-life activities
Authors: Nishioka Satoshi , Asano Masaki , Yada Shuntaro , Aramaki Eiji , Yajima Hiroshi , Yanagisawa Yuki , Sayama Kyoko , Kizaki Hayato , Hori Satoko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdverse event (AE) management is important to improve anti-cancer treatment outcomes, but it is known that some AE signals can be missed during clinical visits. In particular, AEs that affect patients’ activities of daily living (ADL) need careful monitoring as they may require immediate medical intervention. This study aimed to build deep-learning (DL) models for extracting signals of AEs limiting ADL from patients’ narratives. The data source was blog posts written in Japanese by breast cancer patients. After pre-processing and annotation for AE signals, three DL models (BERT, ELECTRA, and T5) were trained and tested in three different approaches for AE signal identification. The performances of the trained models were evaluated in terms of precision, recall, and F1 scores. From 2,272 blog posts, 191 and 702 articles were identified as describing AEs limiting ADL or not limiting ADL, respectively. Among tested DL modes and approaches, T5 showed the best F1 scores to identify articles with AE limiting ADL or all AE: 0.557 and 0.811, respectively. The most frequent AE signals were “pain or numbness”, “fatigue” and “nausea”. Our results suggest that this AE monitoring scheme focusing on patients’ ADL has potential to reinforce current AE management provided by medical staff.
Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in Egypt: a serosurvey and associated risk factors
Authors: Selim Abdelfattah , Alshammari Ayed , Gattan Hattan S. , Marzok Mohamed , Salem Mohamed , AL-Jabr Omar A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeospora caninum (N. caninum) is one of the causative agents that causing cattle abortion, and severe economic losses. Due to the scarcity of data on N. caninum infection in Egyptian cattle, the purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence and determine the risk factors for parasite infection. In four governorates in northern Egypt, 540 blood samples from cattle were taken, and tested using a commercial ELISA kit. The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum in examined cattle was 28.89%. A multivariate logistic regression model determined that age (OR = 2.63, P < 0.001), manual milking (OR = 1.39, P = 0.14), abortion history (OR = 2.78, P < 0.0001), repetition of estrus (OR = 2.31, P < 0.0001), and contact with dogs (OR = 2.57, P < 0.0001) were significant risk factors. The findings proved that N. caninum infection was one of the factors contributing to abortion and financial losses in dairy cattle in Egypt. Therefore, the application of sanitary security and control programs is very important in dairy farms.
Meta-Topolin-induced mass shoot multiplication and biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni bioreactor culture
Authors: Ptak Agata , Szewczyk Agnieszka , Simlat Magdalena , Błażejczak Alicja , Warchoł Marzena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStevia rebaudiana Bertoni possesses various medicinal and food industrial applications. This study is the first to explore the effect of the cytokinins meta-Topolin (mT; 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine), zeatin, kinetin, and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 µM on shoot multiplication, as well as stevioside, rebaudioside A, phenolic acid, and flavonoid content in bioreactor cultures. The highest number of shoots (23.4 per explant) was obtained in the medium containing 5 μM of mT. However, 15 μM of mT was superior for fresh biomass production and dry biomass accumulation. Reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC analysis showed a beneficial effect of 5 μM mT on stevioside (11.43 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and rebaudioside A (10.74 mg/g DW) biosynthesis. In all conditions, the ratio of rebaudioside A/stevioside ranged from 0.75 to 1.12. The phenolic acids chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, isochlorogenic A, and rosmarinic were confirmed in the stevia extracts, as were the flavonoids isoquercetin, and quercitrin. The highest accumulations of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and flavonoids were observed in shoot tissues derived from 5 µM mT, whereas 5 µM of BAP stimulated biosynthesis of chlorogenic, isochlorogenic A, and rosmarinic acids. This is the first report on the use of mT-cytokinin showing high potential in stevia cultures.
Effect of functional resistance training on the structure and function of the heart and liver in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Jafarikhah Ramin , Damirchi Arsalan , Rahmani Nia Farhad , Razavi-Toosi Seyyed Mohammad Taghi , Shafaghi Afshin , Asadian Mostafa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current study is of the quasi-experimental type, with a pre-and post-test design, and subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control (n = 8) and experimental (test) (n = 8). Based on the patient's self-report and using daily diet control tables, the patient's diet planning percentage of energy supply was managed and controlled for 3 days. The protocol for functional resistance training for these circular exercises, including the squat, lunge, bear crawl, rock press, jumping jack, and back fly lunge, was performed three times per week without specialized apparatus. Ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured before and after functional resistance training, using echocardiography. Liver Stiffness and steatosis were measured using FibroScan, and the liver function was determined using biochemical assays. The average age of patients in the control group and the test group were 46.02 ± 5.4 and 48.6 ± 2.51, respectively. Pre-test and post-test of the body mass index were 32.06 ± 5.06 and 30.02 ± 3.97, and for the body fat percentage were 33.65 ± 6.09 and 25.41 ± 4.99. In non-alcoholic fatty liver patients, due to functional resistance training, EF (p-value = 0.003) and FS (p-value = 0.03) significantly increased, and C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) (p-value = 0.001), steatosis (p-value = 0.04), and stiffness (p-value = 0.01) decreased. According to the results and without considering clinical trials, functional resistance training affects the structure and function of the heart and Liver in NAFLD patients.