bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive molecular profile of primary cutaneous epithelioid rhabdomyosarcoma: A tumor genomically and molecularly related to malignant melanoma
Authors: Shafi Saba , Shah Manan , Jones Dan , Beane Joal D. , Oghumu Steve , Iwenofu O. Hans 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe histogenesis of the rare primary cutaneous epithelioid rhabdomyosarcoma (PCERMS) remains unclear, with the morphological and immunophenotypic appearance of a rhabdomyosarcoma but a genomic profile consistent with sarcomatoid undifferentiated malignant melanoma (SUMM). Here, we provide comprehensive clinical, histopathological, and genomic analysis of a putative PCERMS presenting in an elderly patient. Histopathologic examination revealed an ulcerative tumefactive lesion with diffuse replacement of the dermis by sheets of malignant epithelioid cells with a rhabdoid appearance. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were strongly and diffusely positive for desmin and myogenin. Comprehensive genomic analysis with a 542 gene DNA‐based sequencing panel revealed likely biallelic NF1 inactivation (mutation and deletion), TERT promoter mutation, and a high tumor mutation burden (>100 mutations/mB) with features of a UV‐mutational signature, which are all genomic features that can be seen in undifferentiated malignant melanoma. This case provides evidence of a close relationship at a molecular level between PCERMS and SUMM. Molecular genomic characterization of a larger cohort of PCERMS is warranted for further elucidation.
Implementation of a multi‐organizational PGY2 educational pharmacy residency coalition
Authors: Musselman Megan E. , Hughes Abigail , Bitner Brooke , Lowe Thanh‐Nhi , Stun Lucy , Brown Arlyn , Carson Laura , Shemanski Shelby , Fuller Shelbie , Gilbert Brian W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor postgraduate year two (PGY2) pharmacy residency programs, there are required topics in the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists competency areas, goals, and objectives that are defined as either direct or non‐direct patient experiences. For critical care and emergency medicine pharmacy residencies, many of these topics overlap not only in subject matter but designation of direct or non‐direct patient experiences. In an attempt to introduce these topics at a higher level and with less redundancy per residency program, the PGY2 Educational Pharmacy Residency Coalition was developed.AimsLimited data evaluates the impact of a regional collaboration to provide PGY2 critical care and emergency medicine residents with topic discussions to meet residency graduation completion requirements. This coalition focused on pairing topics with institutions that have self‐reported designated excellence or high experience within a specific patient population subset, as well as determining the impact to the program and the residents.Materials and MethodsA total of eight programs were identified for participation based on a geographic region. An initial questionnaire was sent to the programs to determine which patient populations they identified as having strong exposure versus which they had limited. Based on these results, topics were distributed as live presentations amongst the collaborative. A baseline, interim, and final assessment survey was sent to evaluate foundational knowledge and disease state management of each topic area.ResultsBoth residency program directors/preceptors and residents reported an increase in foundational knowledge and disease state management for all presentations that were conducted through the coalition. Residency program director/preceptor respondents (n = 12) reported that 100% of the topics provided were sufficient to meet expectations for the completion of a non‐direct patient care topic for the PGY2 resident.ConcluisonThis article discusses the successful implementation, structure, goals, and outcomes of a PGY2 Educational Pharmacy Residency Coalition. It includes the strategies used for the development of topic areas and discusses the growth of the program to include residents, preceptors, and program directors. Learning from this collborative will help other programs adopt a similar program, avoid pitfalls, and apply lessons learned to their own program.
The E/e′ ratio on echocardiography as an independent predictor of the improvement of left ventricular contraction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Yoshimura Ryutaro , Hayashi Ou , Horio Takeshi , Fujiwara Ryosuke , Matsuoka Yujiro , Yokouchi Go , Sakamoto Yuya , Matsumoto Naoki , Fukuda Kohei , Shimizu Masahiro , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Yoshiyama Minoru , Fukuda Daiju , Fujimoto Kohei , Kasayuki Noriaki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveClinical feature of heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the association of clinical and echocardiographic parameters with the subsequent improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsFrom outpatients with a history of hospitalized for heart failure, 128 subjects diagnosed as HFrEF (LVEF <40%) on heart failure hospitalization were enrolled and longitudinally surveyed. During follow‐up periods more than 1 year, 58 and 42 patients were identified as HFimpEF (improved LVEF to ≥40% and its increase of ≥10 points) and persistent HFrEF, respectively.ResultsThere was no difference in age or sex between the two groups with HFimpEF and persistent HFrEF. The rate of ischemic heart disease was lower and that of tachyarrhythmia was higher in the HFimpEF group than in the persistent HFrEF group. At baseline (i.e., on heart failure hospitalization), LVEF did not differ between the two groups, but left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters were already smaller and the ratio of early diastolic transmitral velocity to early diastolic tissue velocity (E/e′) was lower in the HFimpEF group. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that lower baseline E/e′ was a significant determinant of HFimpEF, independently of confounding factors such as ischemic heart disease, tachyarrhythmia, and baseline left ventricular dimension.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the lower ratio of E/e′ in the acute phase of heart failure onset is an independent predictor of the subsequent improvement of LVEF in HFrEF patients.
Effect of nanopesticides (azoxystrobin and bifenthrin) on the phenolic content and metabolic profiles of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa)
Authors: Wang Peiying , Gravel Valérie , Bueno Vinicius , Galhardi Juliana A. , Roginski Alexandra , Ghoshal Subhasis , Wilkinson Kevin J. , Bayen Stéphane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNanoencapsulation has opened promising fields of innovation for pesticides. Conventional pesticides can cause side effects on plant metabolism. To date, the effect of nanoencapsulated pesticides on plant phenolic contents has not been reported.RESULTSIn this study, a comparative evaluation of the phenolic contents and metabolic profiles of strawberries was performed for plants grown under controlled field conditions and treated with two separate active ingredients, azoxystrobin and bifenthrin, loaded into two different types of nanocarriers (Allosperse® polymeric nanoparticles and SiO2 nanoparticles). There were small but significant decreases of the total phenolic content (9%) and pelargonidin 3‐glucoside content (6%) in strawberries treated with the nanopesticides. An increase of 31% to 125% was observed in the levels of gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol in the strawberries treated with the nanoencapsulated pesticides compared with the conventional treatments. The effects of the nanocarriers on the metabolite and phenolic profiles was identified by principal component analysis.CONCLUSIONOverall, even though the effects of nanopesticides on the phenological parameters of strawberry plants were not obvious, there were significant changes to the plants at a molecular level. In particular, nanocarriers had some subtle effects on plant health and fruit quality through variations in total and individual phenolics in the fruits. Further research will be needed to assess the impact of diverse nanopesticides on other groups of plant metabolites. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Bio‐Based Polyester Elastomer with Tunable Oil Resistance
Authors: Tang Shuai , Li Jiao , Wang Zhao , Zhang Liqun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolarity determines the oil resistance property of elastomers. In this work, three bio‐based polyester elastomers (BPEs) with different mass fraction of ester groups (E) are designed and synthesized aiming to study the relationship of E and oil resistance performance, and to obtain bio‐based elastomer materials with tunable oil resistance. Through adjusting the chain length of monomers, E of poly(ethylene glycol/1,3‐propanediol/succinate/adipate/itaconate)(PEPSAI), poly(1,3‐propanediol/1,4‐butanediol/succinate/adipate/itaconate)(PPBSAI), and poly(1,3‐propanediol/1,4‐butanediol/sebacate/adipate/itaconate)(PPBSeAI) are ≈50.39%, 48.55%, and 39.68%, respectively. Results show that E has great influence on the oil resistance of BPEs. After being immersed in IRM‐903# oil for 72 h at room temperature, the changes in mass and volume of BPEs decrease along with the increasing mass fraction of ester groups, indicating improved oil resistance performance. PEPSAI with the highest mass fraction of ester groups presents better oil resistance and lower Tg (better low‐temperature resistance) than one of the most used commercial oil‐resistant rubber nitrile rubber (N230S). Thus, this work provides a promising strategy to obtain bio‐based oil resistant elastomers with practical value.
Facile End‐Functionalization of Poly(Quinolylene‐2,3‐Methylene) Using the Terminal Palladium Complex: Thiocarbonylation through Formation of an Acyl Palladium Complex at the Polymer Terminal
Authors: Kanbayashi Naoya , Narukawa Manami , Onitsuka Kiyotaka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe end‐functionalization of poly(quinolylene‐2,3‐methylene)s (PQM) via thiocarbonylation is successfully achieved by forming an acyl palladium complex. The terminal palladium complex of the PQMs synthesized by living cyclocopolymerization of o‐allenylaryl isocyanide is quantitatively converted to a tractable acyl palladium complex through the carbon monoxide insertion into a palladium–carbon bond. The resulting acyl palladium complex exhibits high reactivity toward thiols, thereby enabling the introduction of various substituents at the ω‐chain end of PQM by selectively converting them to thioester groups. The one‐pot procedure enables the arbitrary control of both terminal structures of PQMs, including the synthesis of multi‐armed block copolymers and a triblock polymer. Additionally, the resulting thioester groups can serve as reactive sites and be converted into amide groups using amines. The new end‐functionalization method has the potential to be applied not only to the synthesis of PQM but also to other polymerization reactions using transition‐metal complexes, and can lead to a wide range of developments in polymer synthesis.
Lattice position optimization for LATTICE therapy
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Lin Yuting , Wang Fen , Badkul Rajeev , Chen Ronald C. , Gao Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLATTICE radiation therapy delivers 3D heterogenous dose of high peak‐to‐valley dose ratio (PVDR) to the tumor target, with peak dose at lattice vertices inside the target and valley dose for the rest of the target. Although the lattice vertex positions can impact PVDR inside the target and sparing of organs‐at‐risk (OAR), they are fixed as constants and not optimized during treatment planning in current clinical practice.PurposeThis work proposes a new LATTICE plan optimization method that can optimize lattice vertex positions during LATTICE treatment planning, which is the first lattice position optimization study to the best of our knowledge.MethodsThe new LATTICE treatment planning method optimizes lattice vertex positions as well as other plan variables (e.g., photon fluences or proton spot weights), with optimization objectives for target PVDR and OAR sparing. To satisfy mathematical differentiability, the lattice vertices are approximated in sigmoid functions. For geometric feasibility, proper geometry constraints are enforced onto lattice vertex positions. The lattice position optimization problem is solved by iterative convex relaxation (ICR) method and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and lattice vertex positions and photon/proton plan variables are jointly updated via the Quasi‐Newton method.ResultsBoth photon and proton LATTICE RT were considered, and the optimal lattice vertex positions in terms of plan objectives were found by solving all possible combinations on given discrete positions via exhaustive searching based on standard IMRT/IMPT, which served as the ground truth for validating the new LATTICE method. The results show that the new method indeed provided the optimal lattice vertex positions with the smallest optimization objective, the largest target PVDR, and the best OAR sparing.ConclusionsA new LATTICE treatment planning method is proposed and validated that can optimize lattice vertex positions as well as other photon or proton plan variables for improving target PVDR and OAR sparing.
MR‐zero meets RARE MRI: Joint optimization of refocusing flip angles and neural networks to minimize T2‐induced blurring in spin echo sequences
Authors: Dang Hoai Nam , Endres Jonathan , Weinmüller Simon , Glang Felix , Loktyushin Alexander , Scheffler Klaus , Doerfler Arnd , Schmidt Manuel , Maier Andreas , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: June 2023

PurposeAn end‐to‐end differentiable 2D Bloch simulation is used to reduce T2 induced blurring in single‐shot turbo spin echo sequences, also called rapid imaging with refocused echoes (RARE) sequences, by using a joint optimization of refocusing flip angles and a convolutional neural network.MethodsSimulation and optimization were performed in the MR‐zero framework. Variable flip angle train and DenseNet parameters were optimized jointly using the instantaneous transverse magnetization, available in our simulation, at a certain echo time, which serves as ideal blurring‐free target. Final optimized sequences were exported for in vivo measurements at a real system (3 T Siemens, PRISMA) using the Pulseq standard.ResultsThe optimized RARE was able to successfully lower T2‐induced blurring for single‐shot RARE sequences in proton density‐weighted and T2‐weighted images. In addition to an increased sharpness, the neural network allowed correction of the contrast changes to match the theoretical transversal magnetization. The optimization found flip angle design strategies similar to existing literature, however, visual inspection of the images and evaluation of the respective point spread function demonstrated an improved performance.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that when variable flip angles and a convolutional neural network are optimized jointly in an end‐to‐end approach, sequences with more efficient minimization of T2‐induced blurring can be found. This allows faster single‐ or multi‐shot RARE MRI with longer echo trains.
Threatening stimuli have differential effects on movement preparation and execution—A study on snake fear
Authors: Zsidó Andras N. , Inhof Orsolya , Kiss Botond L. , Bali Cintia , March David S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

How people experience nature influences their attitudes and actions towards it. Having had a negative encounter with an animal may facilitate avoidance and freezing responses which may encourage negative feelings towards it and the environment in which it is found. Animals associated with fear, such as snakes, are often the victims of hunting and killing, possibly in part due to an overperception of their inherent danger.

Past research has shown that fear affects approach–avoidance response at both the preparatory and executive stages of movement. However, the way one reacts to different threats may also depend on its proximity and how fearful one is of that specific threat.

We employed a mouse‐tracking paradigm where participants (N = 40) categorized pictures of threatening and non‐threatening animals (snakes and butterflies respectively). The picture could appear at the middle, top or bottom of the screen. Participants initiated the movement from the centre of the screen and the category labels appeared on the top of the screen. Participants therefore had to either move towards the picture on the top or move away from the picture (presented centrally or at the bottom). Participants were split into fearful and non‐fearful groups based on self‐report snake fear.

Non‐fearful participants were generally slower when a threat was present. But, in the fearful group, we found longer movement initiation times for central threats and shorter initiation times for off‐centre threats (compared to neutral targets). Fearful participants were also slower to initiate movement when moving away from the threat, but faster when moving towards it (compared to neutral targets). The slower start and execution may be due to the lack of active planning and/or may imply the presence of a passive temporary freezing response.

Strong negative emotions towards nature and animals serve as crucial factors both in animal phobias and anti‐animal behaviours (i.e. the purposeful decimation of certain species). Understanding the action dynamics of approach–avoid behaviours in response to threatening animals may help to inform both the prevention and treatment of phobias, and relatedly, the promotion of conservationist endeavours.

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Highly thermally conductive polymer composite enhanced by constructing a dual thermal conductivity network
Authors: Wang Zhanyi , Wang Xuan , Zhang Zhonghua , Liang Liang , Zhao Zhihang , Shi Jiahao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConstructing interconnected thermally conductive networks in a polymer matrix is essential for efficient heat transport in thermally managed materials. Thermally conductive network structures typically have meager thermal resistance, and heat transfer into the material is rapidly exported along such networks. However, increasing the thermally conductive networks inside the polymer matrix is still challenging. This paper prepared high thermal conductivity composites with “primary‐secondary” thermal conductivity networks by combining two processes: constructing three‐dimensional thermally conductive skeletal networks and physically blending fillers, using epoxy resin as the matrix. The performance test results showed that the thermal conductivity of the composites reached 1.65 W/(m K) when the boron nitride (BN) content reached 33.5 wt%, which was 842.8% and 150% higher than that of pure epoxy (EP) and composites with randomly dispersed fillers. This highly efficient heat transfer behavior is mainly due to the synergistic effect of the two‐level thermally conductive network, which weakens the scattering effect of phonons to a great extent. Also, the dielectric properties of the composite material, especially the transport of carriers inside the material under strong electric fields, were discussed in this paper. This work provides ideas and methods for preparing electrical and electronic devices applied to high power density.
Validation of an algorithm to identify fractures among patients within the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Horton Thomas G. , Richardson Tadarro L. , Hackstadt Amber J. , Halvorson Alese E. , Hung Adriana M. , Greevy Robert , Roumie Christianne L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo validate an algorithm that identifies fractures using billing codes from the International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) and Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) for inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department visits in a population of patients.MethodsWe identified and reviewed a random sample of 543 encounters for adults receiving care within a single Veterans Health Administration healthcare system and had a first fracture episode between 2010 and 2019. To determine if an encounter represented a true incident fracture, we performed chart abstraction and assessed the type of fracture and mechanism. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) for the overall algorithm and each component diagnosis code along with 95% confidence intervals. Inverse probabilities of selection sampling weights were used to reflect the underlying study population.ResultsThe algorithm had an initial PPV of 73.5% (confidence interval [CI] 69.5, 77.1), with low performance when weighted to reflect the full population (PPV 66.3% [CI 58.8, 73.1]). The modified algorithm was restricted to diagnosis codes with PPVs > 50% and outpatient codes were restricted to the first outpatient position, with the exception of one high performing code. The resulting unweighted PPV improved to 90.1% (CI 86.2, 93.0) and weighted PPV of 91.3% (CI 86.8, 94.4). A confirmation sample demonstrated verified performance with PPV of 87.3% (76.0, 93.7). PPVs by location of care (inpatient, emergency department and outpatient) remained greater than 85% in the modified algorithm.ConclusionsThe modified algorithm, which included primary billing codes for inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department visits, demonstrated excellent PPV for identification of fractures among a cohort of patients within the Veterans Health Administration system.
Towards a better understanding of the relationships between pollinators, human well‐being, and medicine plants in the Great Lakes Region of Eastern North America
Authors: Gibson Shelby D. , Colla Sheila R. 
Published: June 2023

Societal Impact StatementA diversity of values is needed to maximize the effectiveness of conservation planning, including policies and programs. The results of the United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP 15) in Montreal, Canada, highlight the importance of a shift towards recognizing multiple ways of knowing in ecology and conservation. This review aims to provide a baseline of what is known about culturally significant plants in the Great Lakes Region of Eastern North America. The results of this research provide insight into the ways in which ecology has been conducted in the past and the importance of changing the way ecology is conducted in the future.SummaryBiocultural conservation theory allows for an examination of complex problems using systems thinking and conserving biological and cultural diversity together. In the Great Lakes Region of Eastern North America, wild medicine plants are an important part of what Anishinaabe people understand as Mini bimaadizi, or the good life, and of aki miijim, or traditional food systems. Given the various threats facing wild plant populations and continued global change, this review aims to investigate what is known about the pollination and breeding systems of culturally significant plants in the Great Lakes Region. The overall goal is to determine what proportion of these plants have had basic ecological studies done and the degree to which culturally significant plants in this region rely on insect pollination. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on breeding systems and pollination of culturally significant plants. Half of all the culturally significant plants included lacked specific information related to reproduction. Most plants that have been studied relied on outcrossing, and the most commonly reported pollinators were in the Apidae family. With the complex interactions between plants and pollinators and many insect pollinators experiencing population declines, it is important to determine the dependence of culturally significant plants on animal pollination. These findings will be relevant to conservation planning and policy in the future.