bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Rahnama’i Mohammad Sajjad , Marand Aida Javan Balegh , Janssen Dick , Mostafaei Hadi , Gatsos Sotirios , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Apostolidis Apostolos , Taneja Rajesh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC) can also be classified as either non-ulcerative or ulcerative, corresponding to the characteristic cystoscopic findings under hydrodistention. Promising therapeutic effects, including decreased bladder pain, have been reported from recent clinical trials using botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) for the treatment of BPS/IC. This review summarizes the current state of the literature on the underlying mechanisms of BoNTA therapy in BPS/IC as well as new forms of its application.

Recent Findings
BoNTA has its effect in the central nervous system in the afferent nerves as well as in the bladder wall. Besides the well-known effects of BoNTA in the nervous system, pain control as well as reduction of urinary urgency in BPS patients could be achieved by mast cell stabilization effecting histamine release as well as modulation of TRPV and PGE2 pathways, among other systems. In addition, new forms of BoNTA administration have focused on intravesical instillation of the drug in order to circumvent bladder wall injections. Hyperthermia, intravesical hydrogel, and lysosomes have been studied as new ways of BoNTA application in BPS/IC patients. From the available studies, bladder instillation of BoNTA in combination with EMDA is the most promising and effective novel approach.

Summary
The most promising novel application methods for BoNTA in patient with BPS/IC are bladder instillations. Future research needs to point out if bladder instillations with BoNTA with some form of bladder absorption enhancement such as hyperthermia or EMDA would be able to replace BoNTA injections in patients with BPS/IC
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Vitamin C Ameliorate Atrazine-Induced Hepatic Apoptosis in Rat via CYP450s/ROS Pathway and Immunomodulation
Authors: Mohammed Eman T. , Safwat Ghada M. , Bahnasawy Esraa A. , Abdel-Razik Abdel-Razik H. , Mohamed Doaa Sh. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtrazine, as an herbicide, is used widely worldwide. Because of its prolonged persistence in the environment and accumulation in the body, atrazine exposure is a potential threat to human health. The present study evaluated the possible protective effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and vitamin C against atrazine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Atrazine administered to rats orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 21 days caused liver oxidative stress as it increased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) contents. Atrazine induced inflammation accompanied by apoptosis via upregulation of hepatic gene expression levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, BAX, and caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 gene expression levels. Additionally, it disturbed the metabolic activities of cytochrome P450 as it downregulated hepatic gene expression levels of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1. The liver function biomarkers were greatly affected upon atrazine administration, and the serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly increased, while BWG%, albumin, globulins, and total proteins levels were markedly decreased. As a result of the above-mentioned influences of atrazine, histopathological changes in liver tissue were recorded in our findings. The administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles or vitamin C orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, for 30 days prior and along with atrazine, could significantly ameliorate the oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by atrazine and regulated the hepatic cytochrome P450 activities. Furthermore, they improved liver function biomarkers and histopathology. In conclusion, our results revealed that zinc oxide nanoparticles and vitamin C supplementations could effectively protect against atrazine-induced hepatotoxicity.
Individualized portal pressure gradient threshold based on liver function categories in preventing rebleeding after TIPS
Authors: Xia Yifu , Tie Jun , Wang Guangchuan , Zhuge Yuzheng , Wu Hao , Xue Hui , Xu Jiao , Zhang Feng , Zhao Lianhui , Huang Guangjun , Zhang Mingyan , Wei Bo , Li Peijie , Wu Wei , Chen Chao , Tang Chengwei , Zhang Chunqing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The evidence in Portal pressure gradient (PPG) < 12 mmHg after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for preventing rebleeding mostly comes from observations in uncovered stents era. Moreover, association between Child–Pugh classes and post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has indicated that tolerance of PPG reduction depends on liver function. This study aimed to investigate the optimal PPG for covered TIPS and explore the optimal threshold tailored to the Child–Pugh classes to find individualized PPG to balance rebleeding and overt HE.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective study analyzed rebleeding, OHE, and mortality of patients associated with post-TIPS PPGs (8, 10, 12, and 14 mmHg) in the entire cohort and among different Child–Pugh classes. Propensity score matching (PSM) and competing risk analyses were performed for sensitivity analyses.

Results
We included 2100 consecutively screened patients undergoing TIPS. In all patients, PPG < 12 mmHg reduced rebleeding after TIPS (p = 0.022). In Child–Pugh class A, none of the PPG thresholds were discriminative of clinical outcomes. In Child–Pugh class B, 12 mmHg (p = 0.022) and 14 mmHg (p = 0.037) discriminated rebleeding, but 12 mmHg showed a higher net benefit. In Child–Pugh class C, PPG < 14 mmHg had a lower rebleeding incidence (p = 0.017), and exhibited more net benefit than 12 mmHg.

Conclusion
Different PPG standards may be required for patients with different liver function categories. A PPG threshold < 12 mmHg might be suitable for patients in Child–Pugh class B, while < 14 mmHg might be optimal for patients in Child–Pugh class C.

Graphical Abstract
Is serum thymidine kinase 1 a prognostic biomarker in primary tumor location of colorectal carcinomas?
Authors: Fang Yujing , Skog Sven , Ou Qingjian , Chen Zhiheng , Liu Senbo , Hei Ailian , Li Jin , Zhou Ji , He Ellen , Wan Desen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim
To assess whether serum thymidine kinase 1 (STK1p), CEA and CA19.9 can be used as prognostic biomarkers in the primary tumor location (PTL) of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Additional clinical factors of TNM stage, pathological grade, age and sex were also included.

Methods
STK1p was determined by an ECL-dot-blot assay, and CEA/CA19.9 was determined by an automatic electrochemiluminescence analyzer in a retrospective presurgery of right-colon carcinoma (R-CC, n = 90), left-colon carcinoma (L-CC, n = 128) and rectal carcinoma (RC, n = 270). Prognostic factors were evaluated by COX and overall survival (OS).

Results
The multivariate-COX and OS in relation to the prognostic factors of PTL in CRC were different and complex. An elevated STK1p value was significantly associated with poor OS in RC (P = 0.002) and L-CC (P = 0.037) but not in R-CC (P > 0.05). Elevated CEA (P≈.000) and CA19.9 (P≈.000) were significantly associated with poor OS in RC but not in L-CC and R-CC. Multivariate-COX showed that STK1p (P = 0.02, HR = 1.779, 95%CI 1.30–7.582), CEA (P = 0.001, HR = 2.052, 95%CI 1.320–3.189), CA19.9 (P≈.000, HR = 2.574, 95%CI 1.592–4.162) and TNM-stage (P≈.000, HR = 2.368, 95%CI 1.518–3.694) were independent prognostic factors in RC, while TNM-stage was an independent prognostic factor only in R-CC (P = 0.011, HR = 3.139, 95% CI 1.30–7.582) and L-CC (P≈.000, HR = 4.168, 95%CI 1.980–8.852). Moreover, elevated STK1p was significantly more sensitive (P < .001) for predicting mortality than CEA and CA19.9. No correlation was found between STK1p, CEA or AFP.

Conclusion
Combining TNM stage and suitable biomarkers, STK1p provides further reliable information on the survival of PTL of CRC.
Phylogenetic patterns in regional flea assemblages from 6 biogeographic realms: strong links between flea and host phylogenetic turnovers and weak effects of phylogenetic originality on host specificity
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Shenbrot Georgy I. , Khokhlova Irina S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigated phylogenetic patterns in flea assemblages from 80 regions in 6 biogeographic realms and asked whether (a) flea phylogenetic turnover is driven by host phylogenetic turnover, environmental dissimilarity or geographic distance; (b) the relative importance of these drivers differs between realms; and (c) the environmental drivers of flea phylogenetic turnover are similar to those of host phylogenetic turnover. We also asked whether the phylogenetic originality of a flea species correlates with the degree of its host specificity and whether the phylogenetic originality of a host species correlates with the diversity of its flea assemblages. We found that host phylogenetic turnover was the best predictor of flea phylogenetic turnover in all realms, whereas the effect of the environment was weaker. Environmental predictors of flea phylogenetic turnover differed between realms. The importance of spatial distances as a predictor of the phylogenetic dissimilarity between regional assemblages varied between realms. The responses of host turnover differed from those of fleas. In 4 of the 6 realms, geographic distances were substantially better predictors of host phylogenetic turnover than environmental gradients. We also found no general relationship between flea phylogenetic originality and its host specificity in terms of either host species richness or host phylogenetic diversity. We conclude that flea phylogenetic turnover is determined mainly by the phylogenetic turnover of their hosts rather than by environmental gradients. Phylogenetic patterns in fleas are manifested at the level of regional assemblages rather than at the level of individual species.
What semantic dementia tells us about the ability to infer others' communicative intentions
Authors: Osiurak François , Federico Giovanni 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As Heintz & Scott-Phillips rightly argued, pragmatics has been too commonly considered as a supplement to linguistic communication. Their aim to reorient the study of cognitive pragmatics as the foundation of many distinctive features of human behavior finds echo in the neuropsychological literature on tool use, in which the investigation of semantic dementia challenges the classical semantics versus pragmatics dissociation.
Loosening the leash: The unique emotional canvas of human screams
Authors: Gouzoules Harold , Engelberg Jonathan W. M. , Schwartz Jay W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We use screams to explore ideas presented in the target article. Evolving first in animals as a response to predation, screams reveal more complex social use in nonhuman primates and, in humans, uniquely, are associated with a much greater variety of emotional contexts including fear, anger, surprise, and happiness. This expansion, and the potential for manipulation, promotes listener social vigilance.
On the murky dissociation between expression and communication
Authors: Warren Elizabeth , Call Josep , Gergely György 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The authors present an ambitious attempt to outline the gradual evolution of the cognitive foundations of ostensive communication. We focus on three problematic aspects of the distinction between expression and communication: ambiguity in the distinction's central principle of “complementary mechanisms,” inconsistencies in the application of the distinction across taxa, and the dismissal of mentalizing in nonhuman primates.
A Community of Practice on Environmental Design for Long-Term Care Residents with Dementia
Authors: Elliott Jacobi , Stolee Paul , Mairs Katie , Kothari Anita , Conklin James 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe use of communities of practice (CoP) to support the application of knowledge in improved geriatric care practice is not widely understood. This case study’s aim was to gain a deeper understanding of the knowledge-to-action (KTA) processes of a CoP focused on environmental design, to improve how persons with dementia find their way around in long-term care (LTC) homes. Qualitative data were collected (key informant interviews, observations, and document review), and analysed using emergent coding. CoP members contributed extensive knowledge to the KTA process characterized by the following themes: team dynamics, employing a structured process, technology use, varied forms of knowledge, and a clear initiative. The study’s CoP effectively synthesized and translated knowledge into practical tools to inform changes in practice, programs, and policy on dementia care. More research is needed on how to involve patients and caregivers in the KTA processes, and to ensure that practical application of knowledge has financial and policy support
On the Legal Status of Human Cerebral Organoids: Lessons from Animal Law
Authors: Jowitt Joshua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper will ask whether the legal status presently afforded to nonhuman animals ought to influence regulatory debates concerning human cerebral organoids. The New York Courts recently refused to grant a writ of habeas corpus to Happy the Elephant as she was property rather than a legal person while at the same time accepting that she is a moral patient deserving of rights protection. An undesirable situation has therefore arisen in which the law holds a being with moral status to be incapable of benefitting from legal redress due to their legal status as property.The author argues that this is something that we ought to avoid when designing the regulatory framework which will govern the use of human cerebral organoids. Yet, a difference exists in that, whereas the judges already accept Happy is a moral patient, there is presently no consensus around the moral status of organoids. This paper will consider whether human cerebral organoids have passed the moral threshold of sentience. If they have, or are close to doing so, regulators ought to consider their legal status in advance so as to ensure that adequate limitations are placed on this usage so as to avoid unethical practices.
An Innovative Scheme to Confront the Trade‐Off Between Water Conservation and Heat Alleviation With Environmental Justice for Urban Sustainability: The Case of Phoenix, Arizona
Authors: Zhu Yuanhui , Myint Soe W. , Feng Xin , Li Yubin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCities in warmer climate zones have experienced extreme heat and unbearable drought conditions due to climate change. Developing a practical and integrated framework to tackle the trade‐off between land surface temperature (LST) reduction and water conservation is essential for heat mitigation and resilience planning. We developed a multi‐objective framework of spatial optimization for priority areas that considers environmental justice. We identified the priority areas (i.e., residential districts, socio‐economically disadvantaged neighborhoods, hotspot regions, and opportunity areas) using ECOSTRESS‐based LST, actual evapotranspiration (ETa, as a proxy to outdoor water use [OWU]), Landsat‐based LST and ETa changes (2000–2020), and the evaporative stress index. The configuration of vegetation was spatially optimized to achieve the highest co‐benefits by equally balancing both objectives. We found that LST decreased and OWU increased as the vegetation percentage rose from 25% to 45%. The trade‐off between heat reduction and water conservation indicates that LST is not significantly reduced, as OWU reaches above the mid‐level if we focus mainly on LST reduction. The associated green space configurations suggest that grass coverage gradually increases as tree coverage decreases slightly in unmanaged soil. Overall, hotspot regions have a higher potential to lower LST by consuming less water than other areas with the same percentage of new vegetation. Based on this perspective, we suggest that urban planners and city managers prioritize hotspot regions by considering environmental justice and co‐benefits to ensure highly efficient LST amelioration and OWU conservation.
Co-diversification of an intestinal Mycoplasma and its salmonid host
Authors: Rasmussen Jacob A , Kiilerich Pia , Madhun Abdullah S , Waagbø Rune , Lock Erik-Jan R , Madsen Lise , Gilbert M Thomas P , Kristiansen Karsten , Limborg Morten T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary relationships between a host and its intestinal resident bacteria can transform how we understand adaptive phenotypic traits. The interplay between hosts and their resident bacteria inevitably affects the intestinal environment and, thereby, the living conditions of both the host and the microbiota. Thereby this co-existence likely influences the fitness of both bacteria and host. Whether this co-existence leads to evolutionary co-diversification in animals is largely unexplored, mainly due to the complexity of the environment and microbial communities and the often low host selection. We present the gut metagenome from wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a new wild organism model with an intestinal microbiota of low complexity and a well-described population structure, making it well-suited for investigating co-evolution. Our data reveal a strong host selection of a core gut microbiota dominated by a single Mycoplasma species. We found a clear co-diversification between the population structure of Atlantic salmon and nucleotide variability of the intestinal Mycoplasma populations conforming to expectations from co-evolution between host and resident bacteria. Our results show that the stable microbiota of Atlantic salmon has evolved with its salmonid host populations while potentially providing adaptive traits to the salmon host populations, including defence mechanisms, biosynthesis of essential amino acids, and metabolism of B vitamins. We highlight Atlantic salmon as a novel model for studying co-evolution between vertebrate hosts and their resident bacteria.
Preparation of crystalline polyimide nanofibers via solution crystallization
Authors: Kumano Shota , Takaki Tomoyasu , Uchida Tetsuya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo crystalline polyimide nanofibers (PINFs) with different morphologies were prepared. The crystalline unit cells of the aromatic PI crystals and the crystal morphologies of the fabricated PINFs were examined. PINF-I (lengths = 305 ± 152 nm and diameters = 12 ± 2 nm) was crystallized from crystalline PI dissolved in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution. The resulting PINF-I was isolated from this solution, and it did not aggregate in water. PINF-II with diameters of 105 ± 99 nm was prepared by dispersing PINF-I in a mixed water and t-butanol (TBA) solution (water:TBA = 4:1), followed by freeze-drying. Then, the PINF-II was heated to enhance its crystallinity. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies of the heat-treated PINF-II revealed a PI crystalline unit cell [orthorhombic, a = 1.21 nm, b = 0.88 nm, and c = 2.23 nm (molecular chain axis direction)]. The crystal structure of the heat-treated PINF-II suggested that highly crystalline PINFs were fabricated in which the PI molecular chains were oriented along the direction of the fiber lengths.
Detecting zoonotic Influenza A using QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 panel for pandemic preparedness
Authors: Peñarrubia Luis , Rao Sonia N. , Porco Roberto , Varo Marta , Muñoz-Torrero Patricia , Ortiz-Martinez Fernando , Pareja Josep , López-Fontanals Marta , Manissero Davide 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent reports from the World Health Organization regarding Influenza A cases of zoonotic origin in humans (H1v and H9N2) and publications describing emergence swine Influenza A cases in humans together with “G4” Eurasian avian-like H1N1 Influenza A virus have drawn global attention to Influenza A pandemic threat. Additionally, the current COVID-19 epidemic has stressed the importance of surveillance and preparedness to prevent potential outbreaks. One feature of the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 panel is the double target approach for Influenza A detection of seasonal strains affecting humans using a generic Influenza A assay plus the three specific human subtype assays. This work explores the potential use of this double target approach in the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-Co-V-2 Panel as a tool to detect zoonotic Influenza A strains. A set of recently recorded H9 and H1 spillover strains and the G4 EA Influenza A strains as example of recent zoonotic Flu A strains were subjected to detection prediction with QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel using commercial synthetic dsDNA sequences. In addition, a large set of available commercial human and non-human influenza A strains were also tested using QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel for a better understanding of detection and discrimination of Influenza A strains. Results show that QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel generic Influenza A assay detects all the recently recorded H9, H5 and H1 zoonotic spillover strains and all the G4 EA Influenza A strains. Additionally, these strains yielded negative results for the three-human seasonal IAV (H1, H3 and H1N1 pandemic) assays. Additional non-human strains corroborated those results of Flu A detection with no subtype discrimination, whereas human Influenza strains were positively discriminated. These results indicate that QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel could be a useful tool to diagnose zoonotic Influenza A strains and differentiate them from the seasonal strains commonly affecting humans.
Visible light induced formation of a tungsten hydride complex
Authors: Isaacs Diane P. , Gruninger Cole T. , Huang Tao , Jordan Aldo M. , Nicholas Genique , Chen Chun-Hsing , ter Horst Marc A. , Dempsey Jillian L. 
Published: February 2023

The bond cleavage of [CpW(CO)3]2 with blue light in the presence of acid leads to disproportionation followed by fast protonation. Quantum yield measurements indicate disproportionation occurs through a radical chain mechanism.
An efficient routing protocol for coherent energy using mayfly optimization algorithm in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Authors: Jasmine Lizy Pathrose , Chenthalir Indra Natarasan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous wireless sensor network (WSN) is used in infrastructure monitoring, animal monitoring, smart building and environmental monitoring. Several research has been done to detect energy efficiency concerns, but none of them has been successful. In this proposed model, the clusters are formed using K‐means clustering algorithm for the sensor nodes. MOA is used in combination with an energy efficient routing protocol to select the CH. Sub‐clusters are formed because of the nodes that cannot survive with the CH. To transfer the data from CH to the base station, each and every sub‐cluster selects a separate CH. When the energy level of the CH becomes low, the selection process of CH will start again and a new CH will be selected according to the fitness evaluation of the efficient routing protocol. The performance of the mobile sensor nodes is determined using the residual energy, network lifetime, number of data packets sent to the sink and number of dead nodes. The proposed model performed better than the existing techniques such as LEACH, LEACH‐PSO and SEECP. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed model enhances the life time of networks, nodes' energy consumption rate and exhaustion ratio for every node by more than 4.12%, 5.76% and 6.18%.