bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematische Gesellschaft der DDR – die Vorgeschichte
Authors: Sperber Wolfram 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Mathematische Gesellschaft der DDR (MGDDR) ist seit 1991 Geschichte. Die MGDDR spaltete sich 1962 auf Betreiben der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei (SED) der DDR von der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung (DMV) ab und beschloss 1990 den Zusammenschluss mit der DMV. Die Geschichte der MGDDR ist spannend, angefangen von der Vorgeschichte, ihren Aktivitäten in der DDR-Zeit bis zur Neupositionierung nach der Wende. Und die MGDDR hat ihre Spuren in der DMV hinterlassen. Etliche Ansätze und Aktivitäten der MGDDR wurden von der DMV fortgeführt und weiterentwickelt. Aus der Literatur sind bisher nur Darstellungen einzelner Aspekte der MGDDR bekannt. Dieser Artikel unternimmt den Versuch einer Gesamtdarstellung der Geschichte der MGDDR und soll die Ausführungen in [1] und [2] ergänzen und erweitern. Die MGDDR war ein Ergebnis des Kalten Krieges und – wesentlich stärker als bisher der Öffentlichkeit bekannt – ein Produkt der Wissenschaftspolitik von Partei und Staat der DDR. Der politische Einfluss wird in diesem Artikel durch Unterlagen belegt, die in verschiedenen Archiven gefunden wurden. Von besonderer Bedeutung bei der Recherche war das Archivgut der Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv(SAPMO), wo seit 1990 die Unterlagen der SED, staatlicher Stellen und Massenorganisatioen der DDR systematisch aufbereitet und verfügbar gemacht worden sind. Die Mathematiker der DDR standen der Vereinnahmung durch Partei und Staat mehrheitlich kritisch gegenüber. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Zeit vor dem Mauerbau. Nach dem Mauerbau und den Einschränkungen des Reiseverkehrs war für die meisten Mathematiker der DDR die Gründung einer eigenen Fachgesellschaft alternativlos. Diese erfolgte am 8. Juni 1962. Nach dem Mauerbau war für die Mathematiker in der DDR wissenschaftlicher Austausch ohne Einbeziehung der MGDDR nahezu unmöglich. Für die Arbeit der MGDDR standen aber immer mathematische Ziele im Zentrum und die MGDDR war dabei – trotz einiger Behinderungen – durchaus erfolgreich. Nach der Wende positionierte sich die MGDDR neu und beschloss auf dem Mathematiker-Kongress der DDR im September 1990 den Zusammenschluss mit der DMV. Der vorliegende Artikel umfasst die Vorgeschichte der MGDDR bis zu deren Gründung am 08.06.1962. In zwei weiteren Publikationen soll die Arbeit der MGDDR bis zur Wende und dem Zusammenschluss mit der DMV dargestellt werden.
Acetyl group for proper protection of β-sugar-amino acids used in SPPS
Authors: Varga István , Goldschmidt Gőz Viktória , Pintér István , Csámpai Antal , Perczel András 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of d-glucosamine-1-carboxylic acid based β-sugar amino acids (β-SAAs) is typically performed in nine consecutive steps via an inefficient OAc → Br → CN conversion protocol with low overall yield. Here, we present the improved and more efficient synthesis of both Fmoc-GlcAPC-OH and Fmoc-GlcAPC(Ac)-OH, β-SAAs consisting of only 4–5 synthetic steps. Their active ester and amide bond formation with glycine methyl ester (H-Gly-OMe) was completed and monitored by 1H NMR. The stability of the pyranoid OHs protecting the acetyl groups was investigated under three different Fmoc cleavage conditions and was found to be satisfactory even at high piperidine concentration (e.g. 40%). We designed a SPPS protocol using Fmoc-GlcAPC(Ac)-OH to produce model peptides Gly-β-SAA-Gly as well as Gly-β-SAA-β-SAA-Gly with high coupling efficiency. The products were deacetylated using the Zemplén method, which allows the hydrophilicity of a building block and/or chimera to be fine-tuned, even after the polypeptide chain has already been synthesized.
A dynamic network model to measure exposure concentration in the Austrian interbank market
Authors: Hledik Juraj , Rastelli Riccardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotivated by an original financial network dataset, we develop a statistical methodology to study non-negatively weighted temporal networks. We focus on the characterization of how nodes (i.e. financial institutions) concentrate or diversify the weights of their connections (i.e. exposures) among neighbors. The approach takes into account temporal trends and nodes’ random effects. We consider a family of nested models on which we define and validate a model-selection procedure that can identify those models that are relevant for the analysis. We apply the methodology to an original dataset describing the mutual claims and exposures of Austrian financial institutions between 2008 and 2011. This period allows us to study the results in the context of the financial crisis in 2008 as well as the European sovereign debt crisis in 2011. Our results highlight that the network is very heterogeneous with regard to how nodes send, and in particular receive edges. Also, our results show that this heterogeneity does not follow a significant temporal trend, and so it remains approximately stable over the time span considered.
Long COVID and possible preventive options
Authors: Sebők Szilvia , Gyires Klara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMost of the people who suffered from COVID-19 fully recovered, but approximately 10–20% of them developed a wide variety of symptoms after they recover from their initial illness. Long COVID can develop at any patient; however, several studies suggest that the development of Long Covid syndrome may be linked to severity of acute illness. Some of the risk factors are hospitalization (with mechanical ventilation), Intensive Care Unit admission, age (over 50 years), gender (female) and comorbidities. Since the precise mechanism of Long COVID has not been clarified, neither the management of Long COVID-19 syndrome has been solved yet. Promising results have been published with vaccines as they effectively reduced the risk of Long COVID; however, other data suggest that vaccination results only partial protection in the post-acute phase of the disease. Recently, the orally effective antiviral agents (Paxlovid, molnupiravir) are preferred for outpatient management, and they highly reduce the progression of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to severe one, and consequently, might reduce the development of Long COVID. Finally, recently, several clinical trials are in progress with either dietary supplements or drugs with different mechanisms of action. Additional information on the precise mechanisms, risk factors of Long COVID may result in successful preventive and therapeutic management of Long Covid 19 syndrome.
The relationship between Chinese zhiyou ‘only’ and cai: a matter of morphosyntax
Authors: Hole Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis short article pursues two goals. First, it critically reviews some results arrived at by Sun (2021), an article that discusses the interplay of Chinesezhiyou‘only’ with an empty exclusive operator while denying any interesting interaction betweenzhiyouand the scalar particlecai(against the view defended by Hole, 2004, 2017). Second, it develops a featural account to analyze the morphosyntactic interaction betweenzhiyouandcai. In sum, the gist of Sun’s and Hole’s views complement each other.
Plain film of the abdomen remains a low sensitivity test in A&E
Authors: McKenna Daniel P. , McMonagle Morgan P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Plain film abdomens (PFA) are frequently used in the emergency department to help guide the management of patients presenting with abdominal symptoms. A plain film abdomen contributes minimally to clinical scenarios due to low sensitivity and specificity. Is a PFA useful in the emergency setting or does it serve to further complicate decision making?

Aim
We hypothesise that PFAs in the emergency department are over utilised to falsely reassure clinicians and patients alike.

Methods
A search of the National Integrated Medical Imaging System (NIMIS) database in an Irish tertiary referral hospital was conducted. All plain film abdominal radiographs requested by the emergency department between 01/01/2022 and 31/08/2022 were identified. Requests where there was suspicion of foreign body were excluded. A retrospective search of the NIMIS database identified subjects who underwent subsequent imaging.

Results
A total of 619 abdominal films were deemed suitable for inclusion. These comprised of 338 male and 282 female subjects. Subjects had an average age of 64 years. Fifty-seven per cent of PFAs detected no abnormality. Forty-two per cent of subjects had subsequent imaging. The plain film findings correlated with further imaging in only 15% of cases. One case of ruptured aortic aneurysm and 11 perforations were detected on computerised tomography, none of these cases were evident on abdominal X-ray.

Conclusion
Plain film abdomen requests are over utilised in the emergency department. PFAs are not sensitive for detecting acute pathology and should not be used to decide if a patient requires further imaging or a full clinical assessment.
Differential Expression of the β3 Subunit of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channel in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Kjær Christina , Palasca Oana , Barzaghi Guido , Bak Lasse K. , Durhuus Rúna K. J. , Jakobsen Emil , Pedersen Louise , Bartels Emil D. , Woldbye David P. D. , Pinborg Lars H. , Jensen Lars Juhl 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and validate new putative lead drug targets in drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) starting from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) previously identified in mTLE in humans by transcriptome analysis. We identified consensus DEGs among two independent mTLE transcriptome datasets and assigned them status as “lead target” if they (1) were involved in neuronal excitability, (2) were new in mTLE, and (3) were druggable. For this, we created a consensus DEG network in STRING and annotated it with information from the DISEASES database and the Target Central Resource Database (TCRD). Next, we attempted to validate lead targets using qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot on hippocampal and temporal lobe neocortical tissue from mTLE patients and non-epilepsy controls, respectively. Here we created a robust, unbiased list of 113 consensus DEGs starting from two lists of 3040 and 5523 mTLE significant DEGs, respectively, and identified five lead targets. Next, we showed that CACNB3, a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel subunit, was significantly regulated in mTLE at both mRNA and protein level. Considering the key role of Ca2+ currents in regulating neuronal excitability, this suggested a role for CACNB3 in seizure generation. This is the first time changes in CACNB3 expression have been associated with drug-resistant epilepsy in humans, and since efficient therapeutic strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant mTLE are lacking, our finding might represent a step toward designing such new treatment strategies.
Concurrent Dyeing and Finishing of Textile Fabrics Using Chemically Modified Peanut Red Skin Extract
Authors: Rehan M. , El-Hawary N. S. , Mashaly H. , El-Shemy N. S. , El-Sayed H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProgressive environmental awareness and legislation regarding the pollutants discharged from textile coloration plants allocate natural colorants in the forefront position for the dyeing and printing of many textile substrates. In this study, a genuine dye was synthesized by combining the diazonium salt of m-anisidine with a crude extract of peanut skin. The melting point of the synthesized dye (SD) as well as its Fourier transform infrared and UV–Visible spectra was recorded. The SD was used in the dyeing of wool, cotton, Lyocell®, and polyester fabrics with different dye shades, pH, time, and temperature. The color strength, colorimetric data, fastness properties, antimicrobial efficiency, ultraviolet protection factor, and tensile properties of the dyed fabrics were evaluated. The SD was a good colorant for wool and polyester fabrics but of lower substantivity for cotton and Lyocell®. The fastness properties of the dyed fabrics against light, washing, crocking, and perspiration were good to excellent. The dyed fabrics exhibited antimicrobial properties against Gram + ve bacteria, Gram − ve bacteria, and pathogenic fungus (Candida albicans) to different extents, depending on the dyed fabric and test species. Most of the dyed wool samples retained their antimicrobial properties even after ten washing cycles. The ultraviolet protection factor of the dyed fabrics was enhanced without deterioration of their tensile properties.
Creating a root architecture model: taprooted or adventitious-rooted Plantago lanceolata
Authors: Lubbe F. Curtis , Hrouda Adam , Bartoš Michael , Klimeš Adam , Míčková Karolína , Vergricht Jan , Karlová Nela , Klimešová Jitka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerbaceous plants can form root systems by investing in one main taproot or many adventitious roots. While monocots have adventitious systems, eudicots can have either type in different species and even within a single species depending on its age, environment, or injury. Although clearly different, we know little about their relationship to ecological functions and response. We used Plantago lanceolata, a species that can have either root system and forms adventitious buds on roots, to test methods to form plants with a taproot, adventitious roots, or that grow from a root fragment, to obtain individuals of comparable size. We first evaluated injury response and root traits, then used selected models in a pilot study. For the pilot study, we selected an adventitious root model procedure with root removal from approximately 5-day-old seedlings at 1-2 mm below the stem base (hypocotyl) and rootsprout model of the topmost 4 cm of the taproot from 4-week-old plants. We planted adventitious and taprooted plants in three urban lawns and harvested them after three months. Adventitious and tap-rooted plants were similarly affected by competition, producing lower biomass of leaves and stem in more competitive lawns. Root and leaf traits were consistent regardless of architecture type. Plantago lanceolata fully compensated early loss of the taproot when injured at about 10 days old, and in mesic conditions both root architectures perform similarly. These model systems can be used for investigating the role of root architecture in a variety of ecological topics, for example, its function along a moisture gradient.
Believing in the Powers of Mindfulness: A Thematic Narrative Approach and the Development of a New Scale
Authors: Rahmani Masoumeh , van Mulukom Valerie , Farias Miguel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The beliefs and expectations people bring into mindfulness practice can affect the measurement outcomes of interventions. The aim of this mixed-method study was to examine the key beliefs in the powers of mindfulness—understood as non-judgmental awareness of the present moment—to transform the individual and the society, and to develop and validate the Belief in the Powers of Mindfulness Scale (BPMS).

Method
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with mindfulness meditators (n = 32), including follow-up interviews (n = 22). Qualitative data were analysed through a thematic narrative approach. Participants (n = 458) completed a questionnaire that included the new scale.

Results
Participants’ key beliefs were thematically analysed in three transformation themes: interpersonal relationships and compassion, peace and violence, and the inner world—themes were encapsulated in the BPMS. Ideas presented in each theme were undergirded by a host of ideologies, epistemic claims, and metaphysical assumptions about the nature of mind, self, and reality—which are predicated by broader cultural trends such as expressive individualism, perennial philosophy, and New Age sentiments and ideals. The BPMS showed strong internal consistency and convergent validity, and individuals who were older and more spiritual practised mindfulness more often and for longer, and self-reported greater mindfulness skills, and scored higher on the BPMS.

Conclusions
Findings illustrate the persisting importance of attending to people’s beliefs and expectations in mindfulness interventions and further the call for a contextual approach that accounts for cultural factors. The newly developed BPMS may assist with the measuring of peoples’ beliefs and expectations.
On convergence of infinite products of convex combinations of mappings in CAT(0) spaces
Authors: Espínola-García Rafael , Huczek Aleksandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the weak convergence of infinite products of convex combinations of operators in complete CAT(0) spaces. We provide a new approach to this problem by considering a constructive selection of convex combinations in CAT(0) spaces that does not depend on the order of the involved elements and retain continuity properties with respect to them.
Positive nutrition: shifting the focus from nutrients to diet for a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Martini Daniela , da Costa Ribeiro Hugo , Gately Paul , Mattes Richard , Re Roberta , Bier Dennis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose and methods
This summary is based on a scientific symposium organized by the Mediterranean Diet Roundtable and the American Italian Food Coalition titled, ‘Positive Nutrition: shifting focus from nutrients to diet for a healthy lifestyle.’ It was held at the Embassy of Italy in Washington DC in September of 2022. The panel of experts discussed how science can inform policy, what insights may be gleaned from different countries’ approaches to healthy eating and what principles of the Mediterranean diet will inform strategies for a healthy future. Recognizing that isolated actions have limited impact on the complex relationship between diet and obesity, the panel discussed the importance of a system approach. In particular, the panel emphasized that focusing on single ingredients, isolated food categories and narrow approaches to policy have had limited success across the globe.

Results and conclusion
The panel agreed that there is a need for change of perspective that embraces complexity and emphasizes more positive nutrition messaging and policies.
Level of evidence: V, Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
Long and short-range relevance context network for semantic segmentation
Authors: Liu Qing , Dong Yongsheng , Pei Yuanhua , Zheng Lintao , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe semantic information can ensure better pixel classification, and the spatial information of the low-level feature map can ensure the detailed location of the pixels. However, this part of spatial information is often ignored in capturing semantic information, it is a huge loss for the spatial location of the image semantic category itself. To better alleviate this problem, we propose a Long and Short-Range Relevance Context Network. Specifically, we first construct a Long-Range Relevance Context Module to capture the global semantic context of the high-level feature and the ignored local spatial context information. At the same time, we build a Short-Range Relevance Context Module to capture the piecewise spatial context information in each stage of the low-level features in the form of jump connections. The whole network adopts a coding and decoding structure to better improve the segmentation results. Finally, we conduct a large number of experiments on three semantic segmentation datasets (PASCAL VOC2012, Cityscapes and ADE20K datasets) to verify the effectiveness of the network.
Improving trust and confidence in medical skin lesion diagnosis through explainable deep learning
Authors: Metta Carlo , Beretta Andrea , Guidotti Riccardo , Yin Yuan , Gallinari Patrick , Rinzivillo Salvatore , Giannotti Fosca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA key issue in critical contexts such as medical diagnosis is the interpretability of the deep learning models adopted in decision-making systems. Research in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is trying to solve this issue. However, often XAI approaches are only tested on generalist classifier and do not represent realistic problems such as those of medical diagnosis. In this paper, we aim at improving the trust and confidence of users towards automatic AI decision systems in the field of medical skin lesion diagnosis by customizing an existing XAI approach for explaining an AI model able to recognize different types of skin lesions. The explanation is generated through the use of synthetic exemplar and counter-exemplar images of skin lesions and our contribution offers the practitioner a way to highlight the crucial traits responsible for the classification decision. A validation survey with domain experts, beginners, and unskilled people shows that the use of explanations improves trust and confidence in the automatic decision system. Also, an analysis of the latent space adopted by the explainer unveils that some of the most frequent skin lesion classes are distinctly separated. This phenomenon may stem from the intrinsic characteristics of each class and may help resolve common misclassifications made by human experts.
The effects of selection and scaling procedures of earthquake records on the seismic response dispersion of structures and recommendations toward seismic upgrading of codes
Authors: Mansouri Saman , Kontoni Denise-Penelope N. , Pouraminian Majid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effects of selection and scaling procedures of earthquake records on the dispersion of seismic response of structures are examined. This is according to the Standard No. 2800 seismic code and the ASCE code. So that during two case studies, seven earthquakes have been selected and scaled with the spectral acceleration of the seismic Standard No. 2800. Besides, the seismic response of a reinforced concrete (RC) bridge and a 7-story RC building is evaluated against scaled earthquakes. The results of the studies indicate that structures respond differently to earthquake records. However, in order to avoid designers' different decisions and align their views to choose suitable earthquakes and to evolve the selection and scaling methods of earthquake records for the seismic design of structures, in the end, some recommendations are presented. The results show that in selecting earthquakes, it is crucial to consider PGA, magnitude, and a classified range of intensities and durations of strong ground motion. In addition, to select earthquakes, paying attention to the frequency content of accelerograms and the shape of the response spectrum is also of particular importance. Considering the ranges of the scale of accelerograms depending on the importance of the structures is significant. By applying the mentioned recommendations, the methods of selecting and scaling earthquake records will be improved to some extent. In addition, seismic response dispersion will be prevented.