bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothering, Habitus and Habitat: The Role of Mothering as Moral Geography for the Inequality Impasse in Urban Education
Authors: Blokland Talja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFollowing Bourdieu, residential location as habitat may provide spatial profit when it matches with a habitus – but how? How can we conceptualize situations of mismatch between habitat and habitus, and what may they mean for urban inequalities? This article explores this topic through the lens of mothering practices in elementary schools. Qualitative interviews in two neighbourhoods in Berlin, Germany, suggest how moral geographies at intersections of class and race/ethnicity structure parents' opportunities to organize resources for children in their specific spatial contexts. It argues that mothering practices can help us see not just that, but how habitus and habitat are related. Empirically, it suggests that the moral geographies in which these schools are embedded reinforce the exclusionary consequences of their institutional practices. I theorize that the moral geographies of neighbourhoods as sites of mothering practices vis‐à‐vis the class‐based state logics in institutions may contribute to an urban impasse of educational inequality.
Gentrification and the Origin and Destination of Movers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Janssen Kyri Maaike Joey , Cottineau Clémentine , Kleinhans Reinout , van Bueren Ellen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGentrification is a process whereby neighbourhoods and their socio‐economic composition upgrade through residential moves and social mobility. Relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial aspect of gentrification‐induced residential moves. This systematic literature review focuses on the origin and destination of moves to and from gentrifying neighbourhoods, by gentrifiers (movers in) and displacees (movers out). It identifies where, when, and how such research has been conducted and highlights gaps in the literature. Our results suggest that the destination of displaced households has been studied extensively, while an understanding of the spatial origins of gentrifiers is lacking. The few studies dedicated to gentrifiers' origins mostly focus on intra‐urban environments, overlooking potential mobility dynamics from outside the city‐region. We highlight that capturing both origins and destinations of movers at different spatial scales is necessary to demonstrate how residential mobility creates interactions and demographic interdependencies between neighbourhoods and cities.
Linking impact melt redox with crustal weathering regime
Authors: Black Benjamin A. , Brounce Maryjo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Impact melting and outgassing of impact melts were important processes shaping the crust and atmosphere of early Earth and Mars. The redox state of impact melts influences the gases they release, but the controls on impact melt redox are not well understood. Here, we present Fe micro–X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) measurements of a suite of impact melt glasses from Lonar crater, India. As an impact into continental flood basalts, Lonar crater is an ideal analog for impacts into basaltic crust on early Earth and Mars. The Fe-μ-XANES technique permits robust characterization of the Fe3+/ΣFe ratio and therefore redox conditions in Lonar glasses. We found a range in Fe3+/ΣFe of 0.21–0.49 among Lonar glasses, including substantial intraclast variations. We conclude that a primary factor driving these variations was pre-impact oxidative weathering of target rocks. The coupling between crustal weathering regime and speciation of gases released from impact melts implies that impact melt outgassing could act as a feedback mechanism to reinforce prevailing surface redox conditions.
Assembly Device for Supermodules of Silicon Tracking System of the BM@N Experiment
Authors: Elsha V. V. , Korolev M. G. , Dementev D. V. , Igolkin S. N. , Sukhov N. V. , Sheremetev A. D. , Shitenkow M. O. , Voronin A. L. , Murin Yu. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The silicon tracking system of the BM@N experiment consists of four stations based on double-sided microstrip silicon sensors. The sensors make it possible to obtain a spatial resolution for tracks of secondary charged particles up to 17 μm. Two ASIC boards, the input channels of which are connected to the strips with ultralight (0.23% X0) aluminum flex cables, are used to readout and process signals from both sides of the sensor. Such an assembly is called a module. Silicon sensors are mounted on lightweight carbon-fiber support trusses in a way that the dead zones at the edges are overlapped due to the tiled layout. The frontend electronics are housed in metal containers with a heat sink system located at the rare ends of the carbon-fiber support truss. A set of modules attached to the carbon-fiber support truss with two containers with readout electronics at the ends is called a supermodule. The accuracy of the sensor positioning in the station plane plays a crucial role in limiting the degrees of freedom of the parameters determined by the software during the final alignment of the tracking system elements. A special device that allows mounting sensors on a carbon fiber truss with an accuracy of up to 15 µm on a 1200 mm base is developed to assemble supermodules. The results of testing the device are given.
Assessment of hypertension service availability in some primary health centres in Nigeria: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Adejumo Oluseyi , Ogundele Olorunfemi , Mamven Manmak , Oyedepo Dapo , Ntaji Maureen , Mohammed Alkali , Bello Lawal Amina Titilayo , Onyebuchi Osineke Stanley , Akakuru Ogbonnaya Kingsley , Lawal Olutoyin Morenike , Akinbodewa Ayodeji Akinwumi , Akinbode Akeem Opeyemi , Enikuomehin Adenike Christianah , Ngoka Stanley , Lade-Ige Toluwani Stephen 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveStrengthening primary health centre (PHC) systems is a potentially effective strategy to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases in Nigeria, a low/middle-income country with limited resources. The aim of this study was to assess hypertension service availability in some PHCs in Nigeria and seek recommendations that could facilitate improved services from PHC workers.DesignExplanatory sequential mixed-methods study.SettingsPHCs in the six geopolitical zones and Federal Capital City of Nigeria.ParticipantsEighteen PHC workers and 305 PHC facilities.MethodHypertension service availability and readiness were assessed in PHCs across Nigeria using a pro forma adapted from the WHO Service Readiness and Assessment tool. Eighteen workers in the PHCs were subsequently interviewed for in-depth exploration of hypertension service availability and readiness.FindingsAmong the 305 health facilities assessed, 96 (31.5%) were in urban, 94 (30.8%) in semiurban and 115 (37.7%) in rural local government areas. Majority of the health facilities (43.0%) were manned by community extension workers. Only 1.6% and 19.7% of the health facilities had physicians and pharmacy technicians, respectively. About 22.3% of the providers had training in hypertension in the last 1 year. All the PHCs lacked adequate supply of essential antihypertensive medications. The identified deficiencies were less common in the urban PHCs compared with others. Qualitative analysis showed that the personnel, essential facilities and medicines required to provide hypertension services in the PHCs were inadequate. Suggested recommendations to successfully provide these services were provision of performance-based incentives; adequate staffing and training; supportive supervision of staff; provision of adequate equipment and essential medicines for hypertension management; provision of conducive environment for clients; and community engagement and participation.ConclusionMajority of the PHCs are currently not adequately equipped to provide hypertension services. Addressing identified gaps and using suggestions provided will guarantee successful provision of effective services.
Developing and validating utility parameters to establish patient-reported outcome-based perioperative symptom management in patients undergoing prostatectomy: a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study protocol
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Ting , Gao Jianguo , Peng Fusheng , Gu Tengfei , Jin Baiye 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSymptom monitoring and alerting based on patient-reported outcomes have proven valuable in a postoperative setting. However, the parameters of the implemented patient-centred symptom management system for patients with prostate cancer (PC) remain unclear. This study aims to develop a perioperative symptom scale (PSS) to monitor symptoms, determine the appropriate timing for symptom assessment and establish intervention criteria for physicians.Methods and analysisWe will prospectively recruit 387 patients undergoing PC surgery in 3 hospitals. The Chinese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) will be used for longitudinal symptom data collection, presurgery and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 90 days post surgery. A PSS will be generated when symptoms change significantly over time. A linear mixed model will be used to determine appropriate follow-up time points. The functional status determined by MDASI interference can then be used to establish alarm thresholds.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Lishui Municipal Central Hospital Ethics Committee on 13 April 2022 (No. LSMCHEC-2022-54) and the Ethics Committee of Huzhou Central Hospital on 5 July 2023 (No. HZCHEC-202306017-01), the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal College on 20 June 2023 (No. HZYYEC-2023KYLL055). The latest protocol used in this study was V.2.0, dated on 25 February 2023. Before publication in a peer-reviewed journal, our findings will be presented and discussed at relevant medical conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200059110.
Integrative-interpersonal dynamic therapy for poststroke depression (INID): study protocol of a randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Volz Matthias , Mundiyanapurath Sibu , Schauenburg Henning , Meuth Sven Guenther , Wild Beate , Werheid Katja , Barber Jacques P , Schäfer Ralf , Beerbaum Luisa , Dinger Ulrike 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDepression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder following stroke, affecting about one-third of stroke survivors. Patients experience poorer recovery, lower quality of life and higher mortality compared with stroke survivors without depression. Despite these well-known malign consequences, poststroke depression (PSD) is regarded underdiagnosed and undertreated. Evidence of beneficial effects of psychotherapy to treat PSD remains scarce and inconclusive and is limited by heterogeneity in design, content and timing of the intervention. This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of a newly developed integrative-interpersonal dynamic PSD intervention in an outpatient setting and provide a first estimation of the potential effect size as basis for the sample size estimation for a subsequent definite trial.Method and analysisPatients will be recruited from two German stroke units. After discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, depressed stroke survivors will be randomised to short-term psychotherapy (12 weeks, ≤16 sessions) or enhanced treatment as usual. The manualised psychotherapy integrates key features of the Unified Psychodynamic and Cognitive-Behavioural Unified Protocol for emotional disorders and was adapted for PSD. Primary endpoints are recruitment feasibility and treatment acceptability, defined as a recruitment rate of ≥20% for eligible patients consenting to randomisation and ≥70% completion-rate of patients participating in the treatment condition. A preliminary estimation of the treatment effect based on the mean difference in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores between intervention and control group six months poststroke is calculated. Secondary endpoints include changes in depression (PHQ-9/Hamilton Depression Scale) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7) of all participants across all follow-ups during the first year poststroke.Ethics and disseminationThe INID pilot study received full ethical approval (S-321/2019; 2022-2286_1). Trial results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the first half of 2025. One-year follow-ups are planned to be carried out until summer 2025.Trial registration numberDRKS00030378.
Economic analysis of surgical outcome monitoring using control charts: the SHEWHART cluster randomised trial
Authors: Skinner Sarah , Pascal Léa , Polazzi Stéphanie , Chollet François , Lifante Jean-Christophe , Duclos Antoine 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceSurgical complications represent a considerable proportion of hospital expenses. Therefore, interventions that improve surgical outcomes could reduce healthcare costs.ObjectiveEvaluate the effects of implementing surgical outcome monitoring using control charts to reduce hospital bed-days within 30 days following surgery, and hospital costs reimbursed for this care by the insurer.DesignNational, parallel, cluster-randomised SHEWHART trial using a difference-in-difference approach.Setting40 surgical departments from distinct hospitals across France.Participants155 362 patients over the age of 18 years, who underwent hernia repair, cholecystectomy, appendectomy, bariatric, colorectal, hepatopancreatic or oesophageal and gastric surgery were included in analyses.InterventionAfter the baseline assessment period (2014–2015), hospitals were randomly allocated to the intervention or control groups. In 2017–2018, the 20 hospitals assigned to the intervention were provided quarterly with control charts for monitoring their surgical outcomes (inpatient death, intensive care stay, reoperation and severe complications). At each site, pairs, consisting of one surgeon and a collaborator (surgeon, anaesthesiologist or nurse), were trained to conduct control chart team meetings, display posters in operating rooms, maintain logbooks and design improvement plans.Main outcomesNumber of hospital bed-days per patient within 30 days following surgery, including the index stay and any acute care readmissions related to the occurrence of major adverse events, and hospital costs reimbursed for this care per patient by the insurer.ResultsPostintervention, hospital bed-days per patient within 30 days following surgery decreased at an adjusted ratio of rate ratio (RRR) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.98; p<0.001), corresponding to a 3.3% reduction (95% CI 2.1% to 4.6%) for intervention hospitals versus control hospitals. Hospital costs reimbursed for this care per patient by the insurer significantly decreased at an adjusted ratio of cost ratio (RCR) of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.00; p=0.01), corresponding to a 1.3% decrease (95% CI 0.0% to 2.6%). The consumption of a total of 8910 hospital bed-days (95% CI 5611 to 12 634 bed-days) and €2 615 524 (95% CI €32 366 to €5 405 528) was avoided in the intervention hospitals postintervention.ConclusionsUsing control charts paired with indicator feedback to surgical teams was associated with significant reductions in hospital bed-days within 30 days following surgery, and hospital costs reimbursed for this care by the insurer.Trial registration numberNCT02569450.
Association between troponin level and medium-term mortality in 20 000 hospital patients
Authors: Hinton Jonathan , Mariathas Mark Nihal , Gabara Lavinia , Allan Rick , Nicholas Zoe , Kwok Chun Shing , Ramamoorthy Sanjay , Calver Alison , Corbett Simon , Jabbour Richard J , Mahmoudi Michael , Rawlins John , Sirohi Rohit , Wilkinson James Richard , Cook Paul , Martin Glen Philip , Mamas Mamas A , Curzen Nick 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionCardiac troponin (cTn) concentrations above the manufacturer recommended upper limit of normal (ULN) are frequently seen in hospital patients without a clinical presentation consistent with type 1 myocardial infarction, and the significance of this is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between medium-term mortality and cTn concentration in a large consecutive hospital population, regardless of whether there was a clinical indication for performing the test.MethodThis prospective observational study included 20 000 consecutive in-hospital and outpatient patients who had a blood test for any reason at a large teaching hospital, and in whom a hs-cTnI assay was measured, regardless of the original clinical indication. Mortality was obtained via NHS Digital.ResultsA total of 20 000 patients were included in the analysis and 18 282 of these (91.4%) did not have a clinical indication for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) testing. Overall, 2825 (14.1%) patients died at a median of 809 days. The mortality was significantly higher if the cTnI concentration was above the ULN (45.3% vs 12.3% p<0.001 log rank). Multivariable Cox analysis demonstrated that the log10cTnI concentration was independently associated with mortality (HR 1.76 (95% CI 1.65 to 1.88)). Landmark analysis, excluding deaths within 30 days, showed the relationship between cTnI concentration and mortality persisted.ConclusionIn a large, unselected hospital population, in 91.4% of whom there was no clinical indication for testing, cTnI concentration was independently associated with medium-term cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in the statistical model tested.
Cross-sectional study to evaluate the utility of elastic tissue staining in primary cicatricial alopecia
Authors: Vishwanath Tejas , Dhurat Rachita 
Published: August 2023

Background and aimsDiagnosing end-stage primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) on routine histology is challenging since the major diagnostic feature (inflammatory infiltrate) may be minimal or absent. This study aimed to assess various staining patterns and diagnostic utility of elastic tissue staining by Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) method and trichoscopy in PCA.Study designCross-sectional study.MethodsFifty-three patients clinically diagnosed with PCA underwent biopsy and trichoscopy in this cross-sectional study. Clinically active edge, if present, was biopsied. Twenty serial tissue sections were stained using H&E and VVG stain. Clinicopathological diagnoses were lichen planopilaris (LPP), discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), folliculitis decalvans and unclassified PCA (UPCA) in 30 (56.6%), 11 (20.75%), 1 (1.9%) and 11 (20.75%) patients, respectively. Utility of VVG stain was ascertained considering clincopathological correlation (CPC) as the reference standard. Association of characteristic trichoscopic and VVG staining patterns was ascertained.ResultsDiagnostic definition was achieved on VVG staining in 19/30 sections of LPP (wedge-shaped pattern) with 63.33% sensitivity; 7/11 cases of DLE (absent upper and mid dermal elastic fibres) with 63.64% sensitivity and 7/11 cases of UPCA (wedge-shaped pattern-3/7; recoil pattern-4/7). Routine histology suggested diagnosis only in 13/53 sections (24.52%). However, diagnosis on VVG staining corresponded with diagnosis on CPC in 33/53 cases (62.3%). Comparison of H&E versus VVG stain both overall and in the LPP and UPCA cohorts proved utility of VVG staining using Fisher’s exact test (p<0.05). Statistical significance was also noted when trichoscopy was correlated with patterns on VVG staining (p<0.05).ConclusionIncreased diagnostic yield is noted with trichoscopy and VVG stain in PCA especially when routine histopathology is non-diagnostic.
Defining the spatial distribution of extracellular adenosine revealed a myeloid-dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Graziano Vincenzo , Dannhorn Andreas , Hulme Heather , Williamson Kate , Buckley Hannah , Karim Saadia A , Wilson Matthew , Lee Sheng Y , Kaistha Brajesh P , Islam Sabita , Thaventhiran James E D , Richards Frances M , Goodwin Richard , Brais Rebecca , Morton Jennifer P , Dovedi Simon J , Schuller Alwin G , Eyles Jim , Jodrell Duncan I 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe prognosis for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains extremely poor. It has been suggested that the adenosine pathway contributes to the ability of PDAC to evade the immune system and hence, its resistance to immuno-oncology therapies (IOT), by generating extracellular adenosine (eAdo).MethodsUsing genetically engineered allograft models of PDAC in syngeneic mice with defined and different immune infiltration and response to IOT and autochthonous tumors in KPC mice we investigated the impact of the adenosine pathway on the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME). Flow cytometry and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) were used to characterize the subpopulation frequency and spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to visualize adenosine compartmentalization in the PDAC tumors. RNA sequencing was used to evaluate the influence of the adenosine pathway on the shaping of the immune milieu and correlate our findings to published data sets in human PDAC.ResultsWe demonstrated high expression of adenosine pathway components in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (particularly myeloid populations) in the murine models. MSI demonstrated that extracellular adenosine distribution is heterogeneous in tumors, with high concentrations in peri-necrotic, hypoxic regions, associated with rich myeloid infiltration, demonstrated using IMC. Protumorigenic M2 macrophages express high levels of the Adora2a receptor; particularly in the IOT resistant model. Blocking the in vivo formation and function of eAdo (Adoi), using a combination of anti-CD73 antibody and an Adora2a inhibitor slowed tumor growth and reduced metastatic burden. Additionally, blocking the adenosine pathway improved the efficacy of combinations of cytotoxic agents or immunotherapy. Adoi remodeled the TME, by reducing the infiltration of M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed that genes related to immune modulation, hypoxia and tumor stroma were downregulated following Adoi and a specific adenosine signature derived from this is associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with PDAC.ConclusionsThe formation of eAdo promotes the development of the immunosuppressive TME in PDAC, contributing to its resistance to conventional and novel therapies. Therefore, inhibition of the adenosine pathway may represent a strategy to modulate the PDAC immune milieu and improve therapy response in patients with PDAC.
Advance care and resuscitation plans in a tertiary hospital: a multimodal approach
Authors: Suresh Sarika , Au Angela , Mohan Sharanya , Huang Johnny , Guthrie Christiana , Lee Jessica Tsuann , Aggarwal Ghauri 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesAdvance care planning (ACP) is the process of documenting a person’s preference for medical treatment in the event of future deterioration. This audit aimed to improve discussion and documentation of ACP in patients who die during a hospital admission.MethodsWe performed a clinical audit in 2021 of inpatients at a tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia to evaluate the benefit of multimodal interventions to improve ACP compared with previous audits from 2016 and 2011.ResultsIn 2021, 97% of audited patients had a documented ACP prior to death compared with 80% in the 2016 audit. The completion of NFR documentation on admission in 2016 was 33%, while in 2021 65% of ACPs were completed within 24 hours of admission.In 2021, 94% of patients had a paper resuscitation form filled; however, identification stickers, which are associated with risk of error, were used in 64%; and 25% of forms were only partially completed. Palliative care was consulted for 44% of patients prior to death; 33% on the day of or prior to death.ConclusionsImprovement in prevalence and timing of ACP prior to death is seen in the postintervention audit. A repeat audit in 5 years will be conducted, with interventions focused on improving documentation of ACP.