bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Basics of Coordination Chemistry to Understanding Cisplatin-analogue Pt
Drugs
Authors: Akitsu Takashiro , Tsvetkova Dobrina , Yamamoto Yuma , Nakane Daisuke , Kostova Irena 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Cisplatin, a platinum complex discovered by Rosenberg in 1969, has long been known
as the first metal-based anticancer agent. Since then, various similar derivatives of cisplatin have been investigated
for pharmacological activity, and the approved complexes have been applied as drugs.

Objectives:
The aims of the current study are: 1) to summarize the advantages and dose-limiting effects of the
approved and unapproved chemotherapy platinum cytostatics, 2) to develop new strategies for the development
of platinum anticancer drugs, and 3) to clarify the important factors for the mechanism of action of platinum
complexes.

Methods:
A search was conducted in the literature databases, and the obtained information was summarized
and analyzed.

Results:
Myelosuppression is the main dose-limiting effect and the reason for the disapproval of platinum complexes,
such as picoplatin, enloplatin, miboplatin, sebriplatin, zeniplatin, spiroplatin, iproplatin, and ormaplatin.
From the basic point of view of inorganic coordination chemistry, such as theoretical calculations, crystal structures
of model complexes, docking structures with nucleic acid molecules, spectroscopy, and biological aspects,
the importance of physicochemical properties of inorganic platinum complexes for their mechanism of action
has been indicated. Spectroscopic methods, such as FTIR, NMR, X-ray crystal structure analysis, and fluorescence
microscopy, are important for the investigation of the conformational changes in the binding of platinum
complexes and DNA.

Conclusion:
In the development of platinum complexes, strong anti-cancer drug activity, low toxicity, and resistance
can be obtained by the application of polynuclear platinum agents, complexes with targeted activity,
and nanoparticle formulations. Electronic structure, stereochemical, and thermodynamic properties are essential
for understanding the reaction mechanism of platinum complexes.
Applications and Biological Potential of Substituted Pyridazine Analogs in Medicinal
and Agricultural Fields
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Allahyani Mamdouh , Almehmadi Mazen Mohammed , Alsaiari Ahad Amer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Pyridazine derivatives are an important heterocyclic family in medication development.
Because of their biological relevance, there has been a surge in interest in the chemistry
of pyridazine derivatives in recent years. Anti-tubercular, antifungal, antibacterial, analgesic,
anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-AIDS, cardiovascular
activity, anticonvulsant, and possibly useful neuroprotective actions have all been identified
for pyridazine derivatives. They have also pesticide and herbicide action. The purpose of this
study is to highlight the numerous pyridazine analogs as well as their pharmacological and
agricultural implications.
Performance Analysis of Alexnet for Classification of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: T. Sivakumari , R. Vani 
Published: August 2023

Background:
In recent years, automated grading of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has focused on determining disease progression. Clinical examinations and radiographic image review are necessary for diagnosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis, along with medical care, can slow down KOA progression. X-rays and MRI are crucial diagnostic tools. KOA diagnosis traditionally relies on radiologists' and clinicians' experience. However, the rapid development of deep learning technology (AI) offers promising solutions for medical applications.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to review and summarize various methods proposed by researchers for the automated grading of KOA. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the AlexNet model in classifying the severity of KOA. The performance of the AlexNet model has been compared to that of other models, and the results have been assessed.

Method:
A comprehensive review of existing research on automated grading of KOA has been conducted. Various methods proposed by different researchers have been examined and summarized. The AlexNet model has been employed for classifying the severity of KOA, and its performance has been evaluated. A comparative analysis has been carried out to compare the performance of the AlexNet model with that of other models. The results obtained from the evaluation have been assessed to determine the effectiveness of the AlexNet model in the automated grading of KOA.

Results:
The results of the study indicate that the AlexNet model demonstrates promising performance in classifying the severity of KOA. Comparative analysis reveals that the AlexNet model outperforms other models in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The evaluation of the model's performance provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of deep learning techniques for automated grading of KOA.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the significance of automated grading in the diagnosis and management of knee osteoarthritis. The utilization of deep learning technology, particularly the AlexNet model, shows promise in accurately classifying the severity of KOA. The findings suggest that automated grading methods can serve as valuable tools for healthcare professionals in assessing the progression of KOA and providing appropriate medical care. Further research and development in this area can contribute to enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of automated grading systems for KOA.
Interfacing Silver Nanoparticles with Hematene Nanosheets for the
Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Thirumoorthi Kavitha Rani , Tadi Kiran Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important metabolite that plays a crucial role in
enzymatic reactions in living organisms. However, it acts as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes
various chronic diseases. The main challenging aspects in detecting H2O2 in body cells are the ultra-lowlevel
concentrations and its reactivity. Hence, it is highly essential to develop a platform for H2O2 with
high sensitivity and selectivity.

Objective:
In this work, we report an electrochemical biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by
interfacing 3-dimensional silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with 2-dimensional hematene (HMT)
nanosheets.

Methods:
The two-dimensional nanomaterial, HMT, was exfoliated from natural iron ore hematite (α-
Fe2O3) and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The morphology of the Ag nanoparticles and HMT
was imaged by scanning electron microscope. Electrochemical characterization of Ag/HMT modified
glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Results:
The fabricated sensor showed a wide linearity range of H2O2 concentrations from 0.99 μM to
1110 μM and a low detection limit of 0.16 μM using CV. Further, the sensor was successfully applied for
the electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide using chronoamperometry (CA) from 20 μM to 1110
μM (LOD 5.5 μM).

Conclusion:
The proposed electrochemical sensor for H2O2 is fast responding with a high sensitivity, and
shows selectivity in the presence of biologically important molecules. These consequences suggested that
the formation of heterostructures between 2D and 3D nanomaterials unveils the possibility of stable and
selective electrochemical sensors for bioanalytics.
The Development and Evaluation of Linalool-loaded Liposomal Gel for
Oral Candida Infections: Characterization, Skin Permeation, Dermal
Retention, and In Vitro Anti-microbial Studies
Authors: Rai Vineet Kumar , Thakran Pragati , Rajwar Tushar Kanti , Sharma Alok , Yadav Kuldeep Singh , Kar Biswakanth , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Linalool is a known anti-fungal molecule. It could be a good candidate against oropharyngeal candidiasis if its retention in deeper skin layers, specifically at body tempera-ture, can be extended for a long duration.

Aim:
We aimed to develop and evaluate a linalool liposome-based mucoadhesive gel.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to improvise localization in oral mucosa by achieving sus-tained release, ensuring less volatility of linalool and less permeability into the systemic circulation through the mucosa.

Methods:
The liposomes were prepared by film formation and hydration method and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, and morphological characteristics. The lipid carriers were dispersed into the gel matrix of carbopol 934 and HPMC.

Results:
The gel was characterized and evaluated for in vitro drug release, ex vivo drug permeation through the goat mucosa and ex vivo dermal retention studies. The particle size and entrapment effi-ciency were 201 nm and 79.8%, respectively, with 0.300 PDI. Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the spherical shape of the particles with a well-identified surface. The gel pH (6.8) was close to oral mucosal pH and had desired adhesiveness and rheological properties. The latter portrayed a slow linalool release (74.75% in 12 hours), low permeation (28.80% in 24 hours) through the mucosa and high retention (45%) compared to simple linalool gel, ensuring its improvised anti-microbial effectiveness against candida.

Conclusion:
A mucoadhesive liposomal gel offers a suitable medium for ensuring modified release, improved mucosal retention, and the ability to achieve the desired therapeutic effectiveness locally in mucosa for other drugs of volatile nature.
Classification of Corn Seed Quality using Residual Network with Transfer Learning Weight
Authors: Koeshardianto Meidya , Agustiono Wahyudi , Setiawan Wahyudi 
Published: August 2023

Corn is one of the main ingredients in farm animal feed. Currently, corn is preferable because widely available and cheaper in the market than others. However, it needs quality control on corn production. The company that manufactures animal feed has certain quality standards to receive corn material. On the other hand, the quality of corn produced varies greatly. Thus, quality control when receiving corn from suppliers greatly affects the quality of animal feed. The quality of feed ingredients is classified into physical properties and analytical values. Physical properties are determined so that the resulting corn can be accepted or rejected, while the analytical value is used as the basis for formulating the diet. The physical properties of corn are determined by the human senses, such as sight and smell, while the analytical value is by chemical analysis. Physical quality control by relying on human senses is certainly limited and takes time. Based on these problems, it needs to make a classification system of corn seeds automatically. This study uses corn seed images as classification data. The system uses public data from Naagar which consists of four classes: pure, discolored, silk cut, and broken. Image classification uses a Convolutional Neural network (CNN) with ResNet152v2 architecture. The hyperparameters used consist of a learning rate of 0.001, a batch size of 512, and an epoch of 25. Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) for the optimizer. Percentage of data training vs validation 80:20. The validation results show an accuracy of 65%, precision of 66%, and recall of 64%.
YouTube Videos on Nutrition and Dental Caries: Content Analysis
Authors: Long Memphis , Forbes Laura E , Papagerakis Petros , Lieffers Jessica R L 
Published: August 2023

Background
Dental caries is the most common health condition worldwide, and nutrition and dental caries have a strong interconnected relationship. Foods and eating behaviors can be both harmful (eg, sugar) and healthful (eg, meal spacing) for dental caries. YouTube is a popular source for the public to access information. To date, there is no information available on the nutrition and dental caries content of easily accessible YouTube videos.

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the content of YouTube videos on nutrition and dental caries.

Methods
In total, 6 YouTube searches were conducted using keywords related to nutrition and dental caries. The first 20 videos were selected from each search. Video content was scored (17 possible points; higher scores were associated with more topics covered) by 2 individuals based on the inclusion of information regarding various foods and eating behaviors that impact dental caries risk. For each video, information on video characteristics (ie, view count, length, number of likes, number of dislikes, and video age) was captured. Videos were divided into 2 groups by view rate (views/day); differences in scores and types of nutrition messages between groups were determined using nonparametric statistics.

Results
In total, 42 videos were included. Most videos were posted by or featured oral health professionals (24/42, 57%). The mean score was 4.9 (SD 3.4) out of 17 points. Videos with >30 views/day (high view rate; 20/42, 48% videos) had a trend toward a lower score (mean 4.0, SD 3.7) than videos with ≤30 views/day (low view rate; 22/42, 52%; mean 5.8, SD 3.0; P=.06), but this result was not statistically significant. Sugar was the most consistently mentioned topic in the videos (31/42, 74%). No other topics were mentioned in more than 50% of videos. Low–view rate videos were more likely to mention messaging on acidic foods and beverages (P=.04), water (P=.09), and frequency of sugar intake (P=.047) than high–view rate videos.

Conclusions
Overall, the analyzed videos had low scores for nutritional and dental caries content. This study provides insights into the messaging available on nutrition and dental caries for the public and guidance on how to make improvements in this area.
Diagnostic Value of a Wearable Continuous Electrocardiogram Monitoring Device (AT-Patch) for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kwun Ju-Seung , Lee Jang Hoon , Park Bo Eun , Park Jong Sung , Kim Hyeon Jeong , Kim Sun-Hwa , Jeon Ki-Hyun , Cho Hyoung-won , Kang Si-Hyuck , Lee Wonjae , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho , Yoon Chang-Hwan 
Published: August 2023

Background
While conventional electrocardiogram monitoring devices are useful for detecting atrial fibrillation, they have considerable drawbacks, including a short monitoring duration and invasive device implantation. The use of patch-type devices circumvents these drawbacks and has shown comparable diagnostic capability for the early detection of atrial fibrillation.

Objective
We aimed to determine whether a patch-type device (AT-Patch) applied to patients with a high risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation defined by the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex scale (CHA2DS2-VASc) score had increased detection rates.

Methods
In this nonrandomized multicenter prospective cohort study, we enrolled 320 adults aged ≥19 years who had never experienced atrial fibrillation and whose CHA2DS2-VASc score was ≥2. The AT-Patch was attached to each individual for 11 days, and the data were analyzed for arrhythmic events by 2 independent cardiologists.

Results
Atrial fibrillation was detected by the AT-Patch in 3.4% (11/320) of patients, as diagnosed by both cardiologists. Interestingly, when participants with or without atrial fibrillation were compared, a previous history of heart failure was significantly more common in the atrial fibrillation group (n=4/11, 36.4% vs n=16/309, 5.2%, respectively; P=.003). When a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥4 was combined with previous heart failure, the detection rate was significantly increased to 24.4%. Comparison of the recorded electrocardiogram data revealed that supraventricular and ventricular ectopic rhythms were significantly more frequent in the new-onset atrial fibrillation group compared with nonatrial fibrillation group (3.4% vs 0.4%; P=.001 and 5.2% vs 1.2%; P<.001), respectively.

Conclusions
This study detected a moderate number of new-onset atrial fibrillations in high-risk patients using the AT-Patch device. Further studies will aim to investigate the value of early detection of atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients with heart failure as a means of reducing adverse clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04857268; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04857268
Rancang Bangun Alat Penyekir Katup Otomatis Berbasis Microcontroller
Authors: Oksarianti Yuvani , Mulyono Dedi , Saputra Riko , Saputra Doni , Arif Ahmad 
Published: August 2023

Leakage of the valve in the cylinder head of the combustion engine was caused by a pile of crust attached to the valve seat, so that it interferes with the compression process and reduces engine performance. Valve Grinding Automatic System Based Microcontroller is an innovation designed for valve cleaning, works by converting electrical energy into rotational motion. Using research and development methods, this tool was developed to overcome the mechanical difficulties of adjusting manual cleaning movements by hand. The variables in this study were the dynamo rotational speed and the time required for cleaning. Based on the research, Valve Grinding Automatic System Based Microcontroller provides three choices of rotational speed of 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm and 2500 rpm with each speed requiring a cleaning time of 3 minutes, 2 minutes, and 1 minute. From the results of testing using diesel fuel, it is known that the results of cleaning the valve do not leak and have met the standard.
Kebocoran katup pada cylinder head motor bakar disebabkan oleh tumpukan kerak yang melekat pada seating katup sehingga mengganggu proses kompresi dan menurunkan kinerja mesin. Alat Penyekir Katup Otomatis Berbasis Microcontroller merupakan inovasi yang dirancang untuk penyekiran katup yang bekerja dengan cara mengubah energi listrik menjadi gerak rotasi. Dengan metode research and development, alat ini dikembangkan untuk mengatasi kesulitan mekanik dalam mengatur gerakan penyekiran manual dengan tangan. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah kecepatan putaran dinamo dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk penyekiran. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, Alat Penyekir Katup Otomatis Berbasis Microcontroller menyediakan tiga pilihan kecepatan putaran yakni 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm dan 2500 rpm dengan masing-masing kecepatan memerlukan waktu penyekiran 3 menit, 2 menit, dan 1 menit. Dari hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan solar, diketahui bahwa hasil penyekiran katup tidak mengalami kebocoran dan telah memenuhi standar.
Clinical risk and patient safety: a multicenter cross-sectional study to explore knowledge, attitudes and practice of hospital nurses
Authors: Guillari Assunta , Petitti Tommasangelo , Esposito Maria Rosaria , Rea Teresa 
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To investigate knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of nurses working in acute care hospitals regarding clinical risk and patient safety, and to identify predisposing factors.
Design: Cross-sectional multicenter study.
Methods: The study was conducted in thirteen non-teaching acute public and private hospitals of a region of southern Italy from September through December 2015. A structured self-report questionnaire was administered to clinical nurses working in the hospitals involved. Three multivariate linear and logistic regression models have been constructed: knowledge of the definition of an adverse event; attitude towards risk of making an error while working and nurses who reported at least one error in the past 12 months.
Results: The sample consisted of 484 respondents out of 670 (72.2%) nurses approached. The final multivariable model showed that educational courses about patient safety play a significant role in nurses gaining knowledge of adverse events. In the absence of organization-wide patient safety programs, nurses with low knowledge levels showed a significantly higher perceived risk. Nurses (n=96) who made errors over the past 12 months had discussed them with head nurses (75%) and colleagues (41.7%). Anonymous reporting to the organization was very low, with only 8.3% of nurses who had made an error submitting an anonymous report.
Conclusions: Managers should implement multimodal improvement strategies aimed at enabling nurses’ to recognize the critical issues of the system and to increase their reporting, in order to make the organizations safer.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Enantiomers of Nicotine and Related Alkaloids Employing Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Commercial Nicotine Samples and in E-Cigarette Products
Authors: Perfetti T.A. , Ashraf-Khorassani M. , Coleman W.M. , Dube M.F. 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Several commercial sources of tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) and synthetic nicotine (SyN) and a variety of e-cigarette liquids employing either TDN or SyN have been evaluated to determine the enantiomer distributions of R- and S-nicotine and R- and S-nornicotine by chiral supercritical fluid chromatography (chiral-SFC) with UV diode array detection (DAD-UV). The data generated are used to test the mismatched vs. matched hypothesis of Cheetham
et al. as a means to distinguish products containing TDN from products with SyN.
Two sets of experiments were conducted in this study. The first experiment was conducted on a series of 11 commercial nicotine samples (three characterized as tobacco-derived and eight characterized as synthetic nicotine). The commercial nicotine samples were either from a tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) source or were synthetic nicotine (SyN). Some of the commercial nicotine samples were nicotine salts. The second experiment was conducted on e-liquids from a set of 11 e-cigarettes. The nicotine in the e-liquids was either from TDN or SyN. The e-liquid samples were differentiated based on the advertised information on the internet or from printed information on the e-cigarette packaging.
None of the three commercial TDN samples in the first experiment could be unequivocally characterized as coming from a tobacco source. Five of the eight commercial SyN samples were correctly characterized as SyN based on the matched vs. mismatched nicotine and nornicotine hypothesis of Cheetham
et al.

In the second experiment, none of the e-liquids characterized as being from TDN sources could be unequivocally characterized as coming from a tobacco source. All of the e-liquids characterized as being from SyN sources were either characterized as equivocal or of uncertain origin based on the matched vs. mismatched nicotine and nornicotine hypothesis of Cheetham
et al.

These sets of experiments represent an excellent example of the difficulty that the United States Food and Drug Administration is having in trying to determine if TDN or SyN is being used in tobacco products. Even highly advanced chromatographic methods such as chiral-SFC were not able to unequivocally distinguish products with TDN from products with SyN 100% of the time.
Other analytical methods such as 14C quantitation of nicotine samples by accelerator mass spectrometry offer a more reliable determinate of nicotine source (TDN vs. SyN) and can be used to identify misbranded products labelled as containing SyN, even though this methodology is more expensive and offered in limited locations.