bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lightweight adaptive random testing method for deep learning systems
Authors: Mao Chengying , Song Yue , Chen Jifu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, deep learning (DL) systems are increasingly used in the safety‐critical fields such as autonomous driving, medical diagnosis, and financial service. Although these systems have demonstrated an outstanding performance in enhancing the accuracy of decision‐making, they pose significant challenges to the trustworthiness due to their limited interpretability and inherent uncertainty. Adaptive random testing (ART) has been proved as an effective approach for ensuring the reliability of DL systems. However, existing ART methods for DL systems incur a heavy overhead in test case selection due to the computation of distances. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight adaptive random testing (Lw‐ARTDL) method for DL systems. In our improved algorithm, we employ the K‐Means technique to divide the entire test suite into several subsets. Then, for a candidate test case, we only calculate distances between it and the test cases within the category to which it belongs. This partition strategy ensures that the selected test cases are more representative while significantly reducing the computational cost. To validate the proposed algorithm, the comparison experiments between Lw‐ARTDL and the original ARTDL algorithm are conducted on two typical DL systems. The experimental results show that Lw‐ARTDL significantly reduces the overhead of failure detection, and exhibits stronger failure detection capability compared to ARTDL in most similarity metrics.
Recent Advances in the Development of Sustainable Composite Materials used as Membranes in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: James Anina , Velayudhaperumal Chellam Padmanaban 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMFC can have dual functions; they can generate electricity from industrial and domestic effluents while purifying wastewater. Most MFC designs comprise a membrane which physically separates the cathode and anode compartments while keeping them electrically connected, playing a significant role in its efficiency. Popular commercial membranes such as Nafion, Hyflon and Zifron have excellent ionic conductivity, but have several drawbacks, mainly their prohibitive cost and non‐biodegradability, preventing the large‐scale application of MFC. Fabrication of composite materials that can function better at a much lower cost while also being environment‐friendly has been the endeavor of few researchers over the past years. The current review aims to apprise readers of the latest trends of the past decade in fabricating composite membranes (CM) for MFC. For emphasis on environmental‐friendly CM, the review begins with biopolymers, moving on to the carbon‐polymer, polymer‐polymer, and metal‐polymer CM. Lastly, critical analysis towards technology‐oriented propositions and realistic future directives in terms of strengths, weakness, opportunities, challenges (SWOC analysis) of the application of CM in MFC have been discussed for their possible large‐scale use. The focus of this review is the development of hybrid materials as membranes for fuel cells, while underscoring the need for environment‐friendly composites and processes.
Single‐cell combined with bulk‐RNA data reveal a pattern related to angiogenesis in breast cancer patients: Individualized medicine
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Yan , Yang Fan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAngiogenesis contributes to tumor progression, aggressive behavior, and metastasis. Although several endothelial dysfunction genes (angiogenesis‐related genes [ARGs]) have been identified as diagnostic biomarkers of breast cancer in a few studies, the mixed effects of ARGs have not been thoroughly investigated. The RNA sequencing data and patient survival datasets of breast cancer were obtained for further analysis. MSigDB website includes angiogenesis‐related mechanisms. The consensus clustering analysis identifies 1082 breast cancer patients as three clusters. differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package. GO combined with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify cytogenetic functions between two predefined clusters. Then Serpin Family F Member 1 (SERPINF1), angiomotin (AMOT), promyelocytic leukemia (PML), and BTG anti‐proliferation factor 1 (BTG) were selected to construct prediction models using random forest survival analysis. External validation was performed using the GSE58812 triple‐negative breast cancer cohort as the validation set. The median scoring system was used to discern the high‐ and low‐risk groups, and there was a significant difference in their diagnostic results. Immunological infiltration scores were calculated using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and xCell algorithms, and consciousness scores were calculated using the R package “oncoPredict” for drugs in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. In addition, the single‐cell analysis of seven triple‐negative breast cancers using scRNA‐seq information from GSE118389 demonstrated the interpretation of SERPINF1, AMOT, PML, and BTG1. In conclusion, this investigation engineered ARG‐centric disease paradigms that not only prognosticated prospective therapeutic compounds, but also projected their mechanistic trajectories, thereby facilitating the proposition of tailored treatments within diverse patient cohorts diagnosed with breast cancer.
Seasonality and evaporation of water resources in Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and Critical Zone Observatory, Southwestern Idaho, USA
Authors: Schlegel Melissa E. , Souza Jennifer , Warix Sara R. , MacNeille Ruth , Murray Erin , Radke Anna , Godsey Sarah E. , Seyfried Mark S. , Finney Bruce , Flerchinger Gerald , Lohse Kathleen A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) and Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), located south of the western Snake River Plain in the Intermountain West of the United States, is the site of over 60 years of research aimed at understanding integrated earth processes in a semi‐arid climate to aid sustainable use of environmental resources. Meteoric water lines (MWLs) are used to interpret hydrologic processes, though equilibrium and nonequilibrium processes affect the linear function and can reveal seasonal and climatological effects, necessitating the development of local meteoric water lines (LMWLs). At RCEW‐CZO, an RCEW LMWL was developed using non‐volume‐weighted, orthogonal regression with assumed error in both predictor and response variables from several years of precipitation (2015, 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2021) primarily at three different elevations (1203, 1585, and 2043 m). As most precipitation is evaporated or intercepted by vegetation in the driest months, an RCEW LMWL for groundwater recharge (RCEW LMWL‐GWR) was also developed using precipitation from the wettest months (November through April). The RCEW LMWL (δ2H = 7.41 × δ18O – 3.09) is different from the RCEW LMWL‐GWR (δ2H = 8.21 × δ18O + 9.95) and compares favorably to other LMWLs developed for the region and climate. Comparative surface, spring, and subsurface water datasets within the RCEW‐CZO are more similar to precipitation during the wettest months than dry months, illustrating that some semi‐arid hydrologic systems may most appropriately be compared to MWLs developed from precipitation only from the wettest season.
Performance of variable characteristics on MHD Jeffery nanofluid over spinning disk with Cattaneo‐Christov heat flux and microswimmers
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Alshammari Basmah H. , Noor Adeeb , Hassine Siwar Ben Hadj 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVariable properties like thermal conductivity and variable thickness of the disk are analyzed for the Jeffery nanofluid and gyrotactic microorganisms in rotating system taking into account the Cattaneo‐Christov heat flux, velocity slip and thermal radiation effects. Zero mass flux is assumed at the disk surface for the better and high accuracy of the out‐turn. The governing equations of the problem are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by introducing the appropriate similarity transformations which are solved analytically by the homotopy analysis method. The effects of all the parameters are given in detail through the graphs.
Constraining Vector Dark Matter with neutrino experiments
Authors: Brzeminski Dawid , Das Saurav , Hook Anson , Ristow Clayton 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Vector Dark Matter (VDM) that couples to lepton flavor (Le, Lμ, Lτ) acts similarly to a chemical potential for the neutrino flavor eigenstates and modifies neutrino oscillations. VDM imparts unique signatures such as time and directional dependence with longer baselines giving better sensitivity. We use the non-observation of such a signal at Super-Kamiokande to rule out the existence of VDM in a region of parameter space several orders of magnitude beyond other constraints and show the projected reach of future experiments such as DUNE.
’t Hooft loops and integrability
Authors: Kristjansen Charlotte , Zarembo Konstantin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider the defect CFT defined by a ’t Hooft line embedded in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory. By explicitly quantizing around the given background we exactly reproduce a prediction from S-duality for the correlators between the ’t Hooft line and chiral primaries in the bulk and pave the way for higher loop analyses for non-protected operators. Furthermore, we demonstrate at the leading perturbative order that correlators between the ’t Hooft line and non-protected bulk operators can be efficiently computed using integrability. As a byproduct we find new integrable overlaps in $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
(2) spin chains in different representations.
A Rutherford-like formula for scattering off Kerr-Newman BHs and subleading corrections
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Gambino Claudio , Riccioni Fabio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
By exploiting the Kerr-Schild gauge, we study the scattering of a massive (charged) scalar off a Kerr-Newman black hole. In this gauge, the interactions between the probe and the target involve only tri-linear vertices. We manage to write down the tree-level scattering amplitudes in analytic form, from which we can construct an expression for the eikonal phase which is exact in the spin of the black hole at arbitrary order in the Post-Minkowskian expansion. We compute the classical contribution to the cross-section and deflection angle at leading order for a Kerr black hole for arbitrary orientation of the spin. Finally, we test our method by reproducing the classical amplitude for a Schwarzschild black hole at second Post-Minkowskian order and outline how to extend the analysis to the Kerr-Newman case.
Explaining large electromagnetic logarithms from loops of inflationary gravitons
Authors: Glavan D. , Miao S. P. , Prokopec T. , Woodard R.P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent progress on nonlinear sigma models on de Sitter background has permitted the resummation of large inflationary logarithms by combining a variant of Starobinsky’s stochastic formalism with a variant of the renormalization group. We reconsider single graviton loop corrections to the photon wave function, and to the Coulomb potential, in light of these developments. Neither of the two 1-loop results have a stochastic explanation, however, the flow of a curvature-dependent field strength renormalization explains their factors of ln(a). We speculate that the factor of ln(Hr) in the Coulomb potential should not be considered as a leading logarithm effect.
Primordial black hole archaeology with gravitational waves from cosmic strings
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Gouttenoire Yann , Heurtier Lucien , Simakachorn Peera 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Light primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses smaller than 109 g (10−24M⊙) evaporate before the onset of Big-Bang nucleosynthesis, rendering their detection rather challenging. If efficiently produced, they may have dominated the universe energy density. We study how such an early matter-dominated era can be probed successfully using gravitational waves (GW) emitted by local and global cosmic strings. While previous studies showed that a matter era generates a single-step suppression of the GW spectrum, we instead find a double-step suppression for local-string GW whose spectral shape provides information on the duration of the matter era. The presence of the two steps in the GW spectrum originates from GW being produced through two events separated in time: loop formation and loop decay, taking place either before or after the matter era. The second step — called the knee — is a novel feature which is universal to any early matter-dominated era and is not only specific to PBHs. Detecting GWs from cosmic strings with LISA, ET, or BBO would set constraints on PBHs with masses between 106 and 109 g for local strings with tension Gμ = 10−11, and PBHs masses between 104 and 109 g for global strings with symmetry-breaking scale η = 1015 GeV. Effects from the spin of PBHs are discussed.
Multipoint correlators on the supersymmetric Wilson line defect CFT. Part II. Unprotected operators
Authors: Barrat Julien , Liendo Pedro , Peveri Giulia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We continue our study of multipoint correlators of scalar fields on the 1d defect CFT generated by inserting operators along the Maldacena-Wilson line in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. We present a weak-coupling recursion relation that captures correlators at next-to-leading order involving an arbitrary number of the elementary scalar fields ϕi and ϕ6, the latter being unprotected. We can then build correlators of composite operators by pinching the scalar fields together. As a demonstration of our method, we give explicit results for correlators containing up to six points. We also expand some selected correlators using recently obtained conformal blocks in the comb and snowflake channel, and check that the extracted low-lying CFT data is consistent with explicit computations.
Towards AdS distances in string theory
Authors: Li Yixuan , Palti Eran , Petri Nicolò 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The AdS Distance Conjecture proposes to assign a notion of distance between AdS vacua in quantum gravity. We perform some initial developments of this idea. We first propose more sharply how to define a metric on conformal variations of AdS through the action. This metric is negative, making the distance ill-defined, a property relating to the famous conformal factor problem of quantum gravity. However, in string theory, variations of the AdS conformal factor are accompanied by variations of the internal dimensions and of the background flux. We propose an action metric, which accounts for all of these variations simultaneously. Accounting for the variations of the overall volume of the internal dimensions can flip the sign of the action metric making it positive. This positivity is related to the absence of scale separation between the internal and external dimensions: the negative external conformal contribution must be sub-dominant to the positive internal contribution. We then focus specifically on the families of solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity on AdS4 × S7 and AdS7 × S4. For these, there is only a single further additional contribution to the action metric coming from variations of the Freund-Rubin flux. This contribution is subtle to implement, and the unique prescription we find requires singling out the radial direction of AdS as special. Adding the flux contribution yields an overall total action metric which becomes positive for both the AdS4 and AdS7 families of solutions. The final result is therefore a procedure which yields a well-defined distance for these families of solutions.
Development and internal validation of a clinical prediction model for serious complications after emergency laparotomy
Authors: Kokkinakis Stamatios , Kritsotakis Evangelos I. , Paterakis Konstantinos , Karali Garyfallia-Apostolia , Malikides Vironas , Kyprianou Anna , Papalexandraki Melina , Anastasiadis Charalampos S. , Zoras Odysseas , Drakos Nikolas , Kehagias Ioannis , Kehagias Dimitrios , Gouvas Nikolaos , Kokkinos Georgios , Pozotou Ioanna , Papatheodorou Panayiotis , Frantzeskou Kyriakos , Schizas Dimitrios , Syllaios Athanasios , Palios Ifaistion M. , Nastos Konstantinos , Perdikaris Markos , Michalopoulos Nikolaos V. , Margaris Ioannis , Lolis Evangelos , Dimopoulou Georgia , Panagiotou Dimitrios , Nikolaou Vasiliki , Glantzounis Georgios K. , Pappas-Gogos George , Tepelenis Kostas , Zacharioudakis Georgios , Tsaramanidis Savvas , Patsarikas Ioannis , Stylianidis Georgios , Giannos Georgios , Karanikas Michail , Kofina Konstantinia , Markou Markos , Chrysos Emmanuel , Lasithiotakis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Emergency laparotomy (EL) is a common operation with high risk for postoperative complications, thereby requiring accurate risk stratification to manage vulnerable patients optimally. We developed and internally validated a predictive model of serious complications after EL.

Methods
Data for eleven carefully selected candidate predictors of 30-day postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade >  = 3) were extracted from the HELAS cohort of EL patients in 11 centres in Greece and Cyprus. Logistic regression with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was applied for model development. Discrimination and calibration measures were estimated and clinical utility was explored with decision curve analysis (DCA). Reproducibility and heterogeneity were examined with Bootstrap-based internal validation and Internal–External Cross-Validation. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program’s (ACS-NSQIP) model was applied to the same cohort to establish a benchmark for the new model.

Results
From data on 633 eligible patients (175 complication events), the SErious complications After Laparotomy (SEAL) model was developed with 6 predictors (preoperative albumin, blood urea nitrogen, American Society of Anaesthesiology score, sepsis or septic shock, dependent functional status, and ascites). SEAL had good discriminative ability (optimism-corrected c-statistic: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.81), calibration (optimism-corrected calibration slope: 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03) and overall fit (scaled Brier score: 25.1%, 95% CI 24.1–26.1%). SEAL compared favourably with ACS-NSQIP in all metrics, including DCA across multiple risk thresholds.

Conclusion
SEAL is a simple and promising model for individualized risk predictions of serious complications after EL. Future external validations should appraise SEAL’s transportability across diverse settings.
Prenatal Diagnosis Rate of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Remains Inadequate with Significant Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities and Technical Barriers
Authors: Davtyan Arpine , Ostler Heidi , Golding Ian Fraser , Sun Heather Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis (preDx) of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) decreases neonatal morbidity and mortality. Obstetrical fetal cardiac imaging guidelines in 2013 aimed to increase preDx. The objectives of this study were to determine the contemporary preDx rate of CCHD and identify maternal–fetal factors and variations in prenatal care that may be potential barriers. This retrospective single center study evaluated maternal demographics and characteristics of infants with CCHD (requiring cardiac catheterization or surgical intervention before 6 months-old) between 2016 and 2019. 58% of the 339 infants with CCHD had preDx. Infants with preDx were more likely to have mothers ≥ 35 years-old (p = 0.028), family history of CHD (p = 0.017), health insurance (p = 0.002), or anatomic scan with perinatology (p < 0.001). Hispanic infants were less likely to have preDx (45.6%, p = 0.005). PreDx rates were higher in infants with extracardiac/genetic anomalies (p < 0.001) and significantly different between CCHD subtypes (76% for single ventricle, 51% for biventricular/four-chamber view, 59% for proximal outflow tract anomalies, and 48% for distal great artery anomalies; p = 0.024). In infants without preDx, 25% of their mothers had indication for, but did not undergo, fetal echocardiography. PreDx rates of CCHD remains inadequate across subtypes detectable by standard fetal cardiac screening views, particularly in uninsured and Hispanic communities.
High prevalence of past hepatitis B virus infection in diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from Italy
Authors: Visentini Marcella , Pica Andrea , D’Ippolito Giancarlo , Sculco Eleonora , La Gualana Francesca , Gragnani Laura , Miglionico Marzia , Mazzaro Cesare , Fiorilli Massimo , Basili Stefania , Martelli Maurizio , Di Rocco Alice , Casato Milvia , Gentile Giuseppe , Pulsoni Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudies from high endemic areas, mostly China, indicate that surface antigen positive (HBsAgpos) chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with an increased risk of developing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), whereas studies in low endemic areas have provided conflicting results. Past infection, serologically defined by negative HBsAg and positive anti-core antibody (HBsAgnegHBcAbpos), has also been suggested to increase the risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in high endemic areas. We retrospectively reviewed unselected clinical records of 253 patients with DLBCL (54% male, aged 60.3 ± 14.6 years at diagnosis) and 694 patients with different types of indolent B-cell NHL (46% male, aged 61.7 ± 12.8 years). Patients were seen at a single center in Italy between 2001 and 2022 and HBV serological status (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBV DNA) was analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and molecular assays; patients infected with hepatitis C virus or human immunodeficiency virus were excluded. We used an unconditional multiple logistic regression model including as matching variables gender, age at diagnosis, immigrant status, and HBV serological status. Patients with DLBCL had, compared to indolent NHL, a higher prevalence of HBsAgpos active infection (odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2–6.3, p = 0.014). Strikingly, patients with DLBCL had also a significantly higher prevalence of past infection (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5–4.0, p = 0.0006). Male gender was associated with increased risk of DLBCL independently of the HBV serological status. These findings suggest that both past and active HBV infection may increase the risk of DLBCL in a low endemic area. Our study needs confirmation by studies in areas or populations with different rates of chronic or past HBV infection.