bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Gingival Thickness and Occurrence of Gingival Recession
Authors: Koppolu Pradeep , Al Arabi Asal Abdulrahman , Al Khayri Mira Jameel , Alfaraj Fatimah Ali , Alsafwani Wala Mohammed , Alhozaimi Sara Fahad , Alrashidi Yara Jameel 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Gingival recession (GR) has become a common problem among patients. GR is associated with increased accumulation of plaque, root caries, abrasion and cervical wear, and dentinal hypersensitivity. The present study aimed to examine the correlation between gingival biotypes and the occurrence of GR.

Methods:
The study initially recruited 94 subjects; however, 54 of them did not have any recession sites, and hence were discarded. Therefore, the analysis was performed on 40 subjects. The study particularly compared the relationship between the recession length (RL) and width along with the gingival thickness (GT). As such, different clinical parameters were analyzed, namely, RL, recession width (RW), keratinized gingival width (KGW), and GT.

Results:
Based on the statistical analysis (descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation) conducted on the collected data, the study established that the gingival RL has a significant negative relationship with GT, which implied that the amount of thickness is inversely proportional to the RL. The study also found a significant positive correlation between RW and RL as well as between GT and KGW.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings, the study thus concluded that the gingival biotype (thickness) significantly determines the occurrence and extent of GR.
The Effects of Fixed Versus Removable Orthodontic Retainers on Stability and Periodontal Health: 4-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hotchandani Kamal Dhruvkumar , Thangadurai Janarthan , Parate Akhilesh Singh , Nixon Jeff Zacharia , Kamble Ranjit H. , Meghalapriya P 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Long-term or even indefinite retention is routinely prescribed after orthodontic treatment as a preventive safeguard against post-treatment changes induced by tooth movement, physiological healing, and the aging process. Though both fixed and removable versions of retainers may be equally effective in terms of results, sufficient research to support this assumption is missing at the moment.

Objectives:
Long-term effects of fixed and removable retention on the periodontium, and the compliance level when used for an extended period of time.

Methods:
For 4 years participants were given a supply of canine-to-canine retainers and vacuum-formed canine-to-canine retainers. The inter-canine, as well as inter-molar widths, the length, and the extraction space opening of the mandibular anterior portion, were measured. Gingival inflammation, calculus, and plaque were observed, as well as the attachment of clinical and the case of bleeding during probing. 42 members had returned in the follow-up period, with 21 from each of the two groups. Measurements of the modified gingival index and plaque scoring were performed on the 10 intra-oral photographs that were taken at 4-week intervals in this study to investigate the intra-examiner reliability.

Results:
After controlling for confounding variables, there was a 1.64 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30, 2.98 mm) median between-groups difference among patients who utilized vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs). The treatment groups did not vary in inter-canine and intermolar widths (P = 0.52; 95% CI, −1.07, 1.05), arch length (P = 0.99; 95% CI, −1.15, 1.14), or opening of extraction spaces (P = 0.84).

Conclusion:
A long-term study demonstrates that fixed retention can preserve the alignment of the mandibular anterior over time for the first time. Gingival discomfort and higher plaque scores were reported in both types of retainers.
Salivary Soluble CD44 Level in Chronic Periodontitis – A Comparative Assessment between Preoperative and Postoperative Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Bagde Hiroj , Salam TA Abdul , Algharbi Elaf Mubarak , AlSane Maha Ibrahim , Almalki Maram Mohammed , Alshahrani Reema Sultan , Alhaji Mayada Ibraheem , Alabdulmonem Halah Abdulrahman 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Salivary biomarkers can be used to diagnose illnesses, track their course, and gauge a patient’s response to therapy. Inflammatory circumstances result in higher sCD44 levels. The most typical inflammatory disorder connected to periodontal tissue is called periodontitis. Therefore, the purpose “of the current study was to compare the levels of sCD44 in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing.

Objectives:
1) Determining CD44 concentrations in healthy individuals’ spit. 2) To quantify CD44 levels in the saliva of individuals with persistent periodontitis. The third objective is to compare the levels of CD44 that can be dissolved in saliva between those with healthy gums and those with active periodontitis. 4) Assessing CD44 levels in saliva after “scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis.”

Materials and Methods:
Half of the study participants were classified as having chronic periodontitis, while the other half had healthy gums. Participants with healthy gums and those with chronic periodontitis had their plaque levels, gingival status, and testing depths measured. All the same, data were calculated in persons with chronic periodontitis one month after they had “scaling and root planing done. Clinical attachment levels were evaluated before scaling and root planing was performed on patients with chronic periodontitis and again one month afterwards. Patients with chronic periodontitis,” those whose condition had not improved following scaling and root planing (SRP), and healthy individuals all had spit tests conducted after a month. The concentration of sCD44 in the saliva was determined with a chemically coupled immunosorbent assay.

Results:
Salivary sCD44 levels were substantially greater in people with chronic periodontitis than in people without the condition. After one month of scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis, sCD44 levels drastically dropped (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Chronic periodontitis is linked to elevated levels of salivary sCD44. sCD44 can be employed as a possible salivary biomarker for chronic Periodontitis.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Various Root Canal Irrigants on Removal of Smear Layer in Primary Teeth: A Comparative Study
Authors: Alqarni Adel S. , AlGomaiah Muadh A. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of the current research was to appraise the effectiveness of different radicular canal irrigant solutions on the elimination of the smear layer in deciduous teeth.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 fit deciduous teeth that were subjected to extraction for a variety of curative reasons were employed in this research. Every sample tooth was subjected to decoronation at the CEJ employing a carborundum disk. A number 10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer) was utilized to estimate the working length of the radicular canal using a manual technique by a sole operator in the step-back method. The specimens were allocated at random to one of the following three groups: Group 1: Irrigation using Saline, Group 2: Irrigation using 6% Citric acid, and Group 3: Irrigation using sodium hypochlorite. Following 24 h of storage, the sample teeth were subjected to vertical grooving using diamond suctioning discs beneath a high-power suction. All sections were subjected to staining using 1% methylene blue for 2 min before rinsing with 0.9% saline and allowed to bench dry. Rendering scores for the existence of a smear layer for the two halves of the split sample tooth were performed by visual inspection for the cervical, middle, plus apical one-third via a light stereomicroscope at 40× magnifying power.

Results:
With saline irrigation, the smear coat elimination at coronal one-third scored at 2.16 ± 0.11, 1.84 ± 0.06 at middle one-third, along with 1.92 ± 0.26 at the apical one-third. When 6% citric acid was employed as an irrigant, the scores were 0.72 ± 0.14 at coronal one-third, 0.84 ± 0.03 at middle one-third, and 0.90 ± 0.23 at apical one-third. When sodium hypochlorite was used as an irrigant, the mean score was 0.78 ± 0.12 at the coronal one-third, 0.92 ± 0.06 at the middle one-third, as well as 0.96 ± 0.18 at the apical one-third. The differences between the groups were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The current in-vitro research arrived at a conclusion that 6% citric acid has the potential to eliminate smear coats in deciduous radicular canals when employed as a closing irrigant following instrumentation.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Different Mouthwashes on Periodontal Pathogens—An In vitro Study
Authors: Mishra Debasish , Kulkarni Avdhoot , Shrinivas  , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Mahapatra Niva , Mailankote Shilpa 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this research was to identify the antimicrobial effectiveness of three different mouthwashes on periodontal pathogenic microorganisms.

Materials and Methods:
2 periodontal disease-causing microorganisms, i.e., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were chosen for this investigation. Prior to commencing this research, a variety of branded and commercially obtainable mouthwashes were procured. Three oral rinses, namely HiOra, Hexidine, and Amflor, were chosen for the current research. The subculture of A. actinomycetemcomitans as well as P. gingivalis was performed by subjecting them to incubation for 48 to 72 hours at 35–37°C. The disk diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of the extract in opposition to the pathogens tested. The zone of inhibition was calculated in millimeters. The mean value of every sample was documented.

Results:
Hexidine oral rinse in pursuit by Amflor as well as HiOra oral rinse exhibited the highest zone of inhibition in opposition to A. Actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The differences amid the groups were statistically significant with a P value < 0.001.

Conclusion:
The current research concluded that amid the three different oral rinses employed in the current research, Hexidine oral rinse exhibited greatest antimicrobial effectiveness versus Amflor and HiOra mouthrinse.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 Pandemic among Patients Attending Dental Outpatient Department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Sinha Anvita , Sharma Nitesh Kumar , Saxena Sudhanshu , Tiwari Sonia , Prasad Anushree , Kumari Pooja , Kundu Mousami 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an extremely contagious illness that spreads mostly via the dentistry practice. Patients in need of dental care are at a higher risk of becoming infected with and becoming carriers of the illness.

Aim:
To assess the COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients visiting dental outpatient department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, patients visiting dental outpatient department of M.G.M. Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India were included. The questionnaire had four sections including demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and practice in relation to COVID-19. Along with computation of descriptive statistics, data analysis was performed using unpaired t-test.

Results:
A total of 332 people took part in the research. The female respondents were higher in number (53.01%) and the highest percentage of the respondents belongs to the age group 18–40 years (55.72%). Nearly, 98% of respondents were vaccinated. The highest percentage of KAP level was recorded for knowledge (74.95%) followed by that of attitude (50.84%) and practices (37.05%).

Conclusion:
While respondents’ overall knowledge was high but their enthusiasm for taking preventative measures was low, and their efforts to stem the pandemic were lagging at best. Future campaigns should focus more on reaching out to marginalized populations, such as those with less education or higher poverty rates.
Self-Reported Allergic Occupational Contact Dermatitis among Dental Healthcare Professionals in United Arab Emirates -A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Jaber Mohamed , Prasad Prathibha 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIn dentistry, occupational contact dermatitis may affect dental professionals along with technicians, nurses, and patients. Changes to dental practice in recent years have altered the reported frequencies of allergens causing contact dermatitis in both dental professionals and dental patients. In the current cross-sectional study, we used a structured questionnaire and clinical examinations to examine the prevalence of self-reported hand eczema among United Arab Emirates (UAE). The relationship between subjective skin discomfort and latex, composite/bonding, or other dental materials also was explored. A structured questionnaire was designed to analyze the prevalence of skin conditions among dental professionals and study its implication in gender, occupation, and age groups. The questionnaire included information about skin symptoms, atopy, occupational experience, and other background factors like respiratory symptoms, work history and methods, and exposure at work. It was distributed to 550 randomly selected dental healthcare professionals. Out of 550 dental healthcare workers contacted, 434 responded giving a response rate of 79%. The prevalence of dry and rough skin on the hands was highest (45%). There was a total of 29 cases of allergic contact dermatitis, 15 cases of contact urticaria, 12 cases of irritating contact dermatitis, and 1 incidence of onychomycosis among the 100 dental healthcare professionals who reported having dermatitis on their hands, forearms, or faces due to their daily dental chores. Rubber chemicals and natural rubber latex (NRL) in protective gloves used by dentists, as well as dental-restorative plastic materials (methylacrylates), were the most common causes of allergy. Dry skin and hand eczema were more common among dental healthcare professionals. Plastic gloves or NRL gloves with a low protein content are recommended for dental work. Skin exposure to methylacrylates or latex should be avoided.
Physicochemical Characterization of Novel Biomaterial Consisting of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate, Chitosan, Casein and Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Ormocarpum Cochinchinense
Authors: Somashekar Gayathri , Sudhakar Uma , Prakash PSG , Suresh Snophia , Rajachandrasekaran Yamini , Thirugnanasambandam Geetha , Srividya S 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bioceramics are widely used as a biomaterial to promote bone regeneration. Bone defect management requires the placement of bone grafts. Though there are many bone grafts available, these have certain limitations like limited supply and second surgical site morbidity. Phytochemicals in plants are known to have bone regeneration capacity and are used in traditional medicine for bone fracture healing.

Objective:
The purpose of the study was to create a novel biomaterial consisting of a composite of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), chitosan (CH), casein (CA), and ethanolic leaves extract of Ormocarpum Cochinchinense (OC) fabricated and characterized for physicochemical properties.

Materials and Methods:
BCP-CH-CA-OC material was prepared and immersed in Simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. Physical properties were analysed through X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Mechanical properties were analysed by compressive strength and diametral tensile strength tests. Using BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis and Nano computed tomography (CT) scan, porosity measurements were made.

Results:
XRD did not show any significant change after immersion in SBF, indicating that the material was not under change and is stable. FTIR showed an increase in chitosan content, due to the loss of casein. SEM analysis showed the deposition of crystals and porous structure. EDS showed the deposition of minerals. Nano CT and BET analysis showed clinically significant porosity of 30%.

Conclusion:
The mechanical and physical properties of this novel biomaterial could be used in tissue engineering for the repair of bone defects in non-load-bearing areas. The physicochemical properties are at par with other materials used for the purpose of bone grafting. The novel biomaterial has the potential to be used in bone regenerative medicine in non-load-bearing applications.
Orthopedic Manifestations and Post-COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Sinha Priti R. , Mallick Nitin , Sahu Ramjee L. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
It’s been widely reported that the new coronavirus has adverse effects on the musculoskeletal system. The primary goal of this study is to establish the frequency of musculoskeletal complaintswith extended COVID syndrome. This retrospective cohort research examined the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems in patients with chronic COVID-19 syndrome.

Material and Methods:
About 100 COVID-19patients tested positive, of which 27 (27.0%) had a minimum of one orthopedic impairment.

Results:
Patients with orthopedic conditions were significantly younger than those without (53.7 years vs. 58.1 years, p = 0.003), and their incidence was significantly higher in obese than non-obese patients (p = 0.022).

Conclusion:
Furthermore, patients with diabetes had significantly more orthopedic symptoms than those with cardiac or pulmonary complications. According to our research, patients who are obese or diabetic have a higher probability of experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms when infected with COVID-19. Additionally, analysis is needed to determine whether these orthopedic conditions persist during active disease and post-infection.
Influence of Educational Intervention on Awareness and Attitude of Nursing Students Towards Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Prabath Indumathi , Raja Sangeetha , Navabalan Vivekraj , Marimuthu Kalavalli 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a major concern of the pharmacovigilance program of India and has deteriorated further with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Imparting the knowledge of pharmacovigilance among nursing students would significantly enhance patient care. Hence, this study was framed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on awareness and attitude of ADR reporting among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A quasi-experimental pretest-post-test study was conducted among nursing students of a tertiary care hospital in South India. The students were asked to fill out a validated questionnaire to assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on ADR reporting, before and after the educational intervention. Knowledge and attitude results were analysed using Mc Nemar’s test.

Results:
A total of 135 nursing students attended the educational intervention and completed pretest and post-test questionnaires. Around 130 (96.3%) and 107 (79.3%) students were aware of pharmacovigilance and ADR monitoring center following the intervention. Median (interquartile range) of knowledge scores before and after the intervention were 3 (2-3) and 5 (3-7), respectively. Overall knowledge score of ADR reporting significantly improved after the intervention. Sixty two (45.9%) students agreed that ADR reporting would enhance patient safety. ADR reporting was practised by 52 (38.5%) participants. Nearly, 107 (79.3%) students were interested to participate in similar pharmacovigilance training programs.

Conclusion:
Educational intervention in pharmacovigilance improved the cognitive and affective domains of pharmacovigilance in nursing students. Periodic training programs are essential for sustained behavioural change in students.
Assessment of Serum Fucose Level among Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ashem Albert , Mehta Dhaval N. , Singh Deepak N. , Singh Khwairakpam C. , Anupriya Ch. , Devi Ahanthem N. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Serum glycoproteins, which are made up of various monosaccharides, are altered in malignancy, a disorder of cellular conduct. L-fucose, a methyl pentose that serves as the last sugar in the majority of plasma glycoproteins, is one of the monosaccharides. Numerous illness conditions and cancers have been linked to increased levels of protein-bound fucose.

Materials and Methods:
In the current study, the serum fucose levels of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy individuals were assessed and compared. The present study included a total of 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls. The Winzler method was used to estimate the serum L-fucose levels using a spectrophotometer (Spectronic 20, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).

Results:
Age and sex had no effect on serum fucose levels. In contrast to healthy individuals, OSCC patients’ mean serum fucose levels significantly increased. In conclusion, patients with OSCC can benefit from the use of serum fucose as an investigative biomarker.