bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive pressure-volume loops provide incremental value to age, sex, and infarct size for predicting adverse cardiac remodelling after ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Lav Theodor , Engstrøm Thomas , Kyhl Kasper , Nordlund David , Lønborg Jacob , Engblom Henrik , Erlinge David , Arheden Håkan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to assess the predictive value of non-invasive pressure–volume (PV) loop variables by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for determining development of adverse remodelling 3 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods and results
In total, 181 STEMI patients examined with CMR during the index admission (baseline) after primary PCI and at 3-month follow-up in The Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients with STEMI (DANAMI-3) study were retrospectively analysed. A time-varying elastance model for generating PV loops from CMR volumetry and brachial blood pressure was used to calculate contractility, arterial elastance, stroke work, potential energy, efficiency, external power, ventriculoarterial coupling, and energy per ejected volume. Adverse remodelling was seen in 28 patients (15%), defined as a concomitant increase in end-diastolic and end-systolic volume of ≥12% from baseline to follow-up. PV loop variables measured at baseline showed predictive value for adverse remodelling, independent of age, sex, and infarct size (IS) by a logistic regression analysis: contractility [odds ratio (OR) 4.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–12.4] and efficiency (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.11). Furthermore, females showed a higher increase in contractility between the timepoints (ΔContractility = 0.4 ± 0.4 mmHg/mL vs. 0.1 ± 0.4 mmHg/mL, P &lt; 0.0001). A higher energy expenditure was seen at baseline in left arterial descending artery infarctions compared to left circumflex artery and right coronary artery infarctions.

Conclusion
Non-invasive PV loop variables by CMR have incremental predictive value to age, sex, and IS for determining development of adverse cardiac remodelling in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. Furthermore, the PV loop variables show significant differences in post-infarct cardiovascular adaptation between sexes and culprit vessels.
Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and coronary artery disease: a population-based matched cohort study
Authors: Krishnan Arunkumar , Sims Omar T , Teran Daniel , Woreta Tinsay A , Hutson William R , Alqahtani Saleh A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Bariatric surgery (BS) is a potential treatment option for patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity. These patients are also at substantial risk of developing cardiovascular events and associated mortality. We aimed to assess whether BS could reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality and improve long-term survival.

Methods and results
Using the TriNetX data, adult patients (&gt;18 years) with a diagnosis of MASLD, obesity (i.e. body mass index ≥35 kg/m2), and pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD) between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2022 were included. Patients with a BS were compared with those with no history of BS. Primary outcomes were the incidence of MACE, heart failure, cerebrovascular events, and coronary artery procedures or surgeries at years 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality at years 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), sensitivity analysis, and survival analysis. After PSM, both groups had a total of 1038 patients. At year 1, BS patients had a significantly lower incidence of MACE [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.39–0.80], cerebrovascular disease (HR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46–0.82), and coronary artery procedures and surgeries (HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42–0.98). Similarly, at years 3, 5, 7, and 10, BS patients had a significantly lower incidence of MACE, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and coronary artery procedures and surgeries. BS patients had significantly lower 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year all-cause mortality. Sensitivity analysis confirmed these findings.

Conclusions
BS in patients with MASLD, obesity, and pre-existing CAD can considerably reduce the risk of recurring cardiovascular events and markedly improve survival immediately within the first year of BS and can persist long-term, even a decade after BS.
Impact of atrial fibrillation diagnosis-to-ablation time on 24-month efficacy and safety outcomes in the Cryo Global Registry
Authors: Lawin Dennis , Stellbrink Christoph , Chun Kyoung-Ryul Julian , Li Cheng-Hung , van Bragt Kelly A , Kueffer Fred , Selma Jada M , Oh Il-Young , Herzet Jean Manuel , Nitta Junichi , Chang Ting Yung , Lawrenz Thorsten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Early rhythm control therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF) results in higher freedom from atrial arrhythmia (AA) recurrence and improved cardiovascular outcomes. The optimal timing of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) is unknown.

Methods and results
We evaluated AA recurrence and procedure-related complications of early vs. late CBA (≤12 vs. &gt;12 months from diagnosis) in patients enrolled in the prospective Cryo Global Registry (121 centres in 37 countries, NCT02752737). A total of 3447 subjects were followed through 12 months and 1220 through 24 months. In summary, 1573 patients (46%) had early ablation at a median (IQR) of 0.3 (0.1–0.6) years from AF diagnosis (age 62 ± 12 years., 35.8% female, 71.4% paroxysmal), and 1874 (54%) had late ablation at a median of 3.4 (1.9–6.7) years after diagnosis (age 61 ± 11 years, 36.2% female, 75.0% paroxysmal). Early ablation patients were less hypertensive (53.5% vs. 57.9%, P = 0.01) and less symptomatic (1.5 ± 1.1 vs. 1.8 ± 1.1 symptoms/patient, P &lt; 0.01) and had smaller left atrial diameters (41 ± 7 mm vs. 42 ± 7 mm, P &lt; 0.01). Freedom from AA recurrence was 81.5% (95% CI: 78.7–83.9%) in the early vs. 71.7% (95% CI: 68.9–74.3%) in the late ablation group at 24 months (P &lt; 0.01). The risk of cardioversion was 41% lower in the early ablation group [HRAdj: 0.59 (0.42–0.83), P &lt; 0.01]. Serious procedure-related adverse events occurred in 2.4 and 3.5% of patients in the early and late ablation groups (P = 0.045), respectively.

Conclusion
CBA within 12 months from AF diagnosis resulted in higher freedom from AA recurrence and is associated with fewer safety events in a real-world evaluation.

Clinical trial registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02752737
Digest: Evolution of redirected help in a viscous population
Authors: Rai Shriza , Mishra Geetanjali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When broods fail, parents may assist neighbors’ offspring, a behavior called redirected helping that is observed in many species. Flatrès and Wild used inclusive fitness models to study this behavior (Selective advantage of redirected helping in a viscous population. Evolution, 2024, qpae175. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpae175). They showed that redirected helping can evolve in viscous populations, where individuals stay near their birthplace, increasing relatedness and competition among neighbors, especially when helping costs are low. Life-history traits like survival, dispersal, and brood-failure rates shape this behavior. Interestingly, survival benefits from helping can outweigh reproductive gains, challenging assumptions and providing fresh insights into cooperative breeding dynamics.
The Chromosome-level Genome of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 Reveals a Unique Immune Gene Repertoire
Authors: Koutsouveli Vasiliki , Torres-Oliva Montserrat , Bayer Till , Fuß Janina , Grossschmidt Nora , Marulanda-Gomez Angela M , Jensen Nadin , Gill Diana , Schmitz Ruth A , Pita Lucía , Reusch Thorsten B H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ctenophora are basal marine metazoans, the sister group of all other animals. Mnemiopsis leidyi is one of the most successful invasive species worldwide with intense ecological and evolutionary research interest. Here, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of M. leidyi with a focus on its immune gene repertoire. The genome was 247.97 Mb, with N50 16.84 Mb, and 84.7% completeness. Its karyotype was 13 chromosomes. In this genome and that of two other ctenophores, Bolinopsis microptera and Hormiphora californensis, we detected a high number of protein domains related to potential immune receptors. Among those, proteins containing Toll/interleukin-1 (TIR2) domain, NACHT domain, Scavenger Receptor Cystein-Rich (SRCR) domain, or C-type Lectin domain (CTLD) were abundant and presented unique domain architectures in M. leidyi. M. leidyi seems to lack bona fide Toll-like Receptors, but it does possess a repertoire of 15 TIR2 domain-containing genes. Besides, we detected a bona fide NOD-like receptor and 38 NACHT domain-containing genes. In order to verify the function of those domain-containing genes, we exposed M. leidyi to the pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Among the differentially expressed genes, we identified potential immune receptors, including four TIR2 domain-containing genes, all of which were upregulated in response to pathogen exposure. To conclude, many common immune receptor domains, highly conserved across metazoans, are already present in Ctenophora. These domains have large expansions and unique architectures in M. leidyi, findings consistent with the basal evolutionary position of this group, but still might have conserved functions in immunity and host–microbe interaction.
Protein Quality Control is a Master Modulator of Molecular Evolution in Bacteria
Authors: Diaz Arenas Carolina , Alvarez Maristella , Wilson Robert H , Shakhnovich Eugene I , Ogbunugafor C Brandon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The bacterial protein quality control (PQC) network comprises a set of genes that promote proteostasis (proteome homeostasis) through proper protein folding and function via chaperones, proteases, and protein translational machinery. It participates in vital cellular processes and influences organismal development and evolution. In this review, we examine the mechanistic bases for how the bacterial PQC network influences molecular evolution. We discuss the relevance of PQC components to contemporary issues in evolutionary biology including epistasis, evolvability, and the navigability of protein space. We examine other areas where proteostasis affects aspects of evolution and physiology, including host-parasite interactions. More generally, we demonstrate that the study of bacterial systems can aid in broader efforts to understand the relationship between genotype and phenotype across the biosphere.
Modelling of seismic wave propagation in moving fluids and stationary elastic solids
Authors: Chen Liang , Huang Jianping 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Forward modelling is crucial for seismic data processing, which is the core of reverse time migration and full-waveform inversion. Numerical simulation based on conventional elastic wave equations in stationary solids neglects the fluidity of fluids (e.g. sea water), making it difficult to simulate the propagation of seismic waves in moving fluids accurately. To solve the problem, we start with classical equations of fluid mechanics and derive a new set of elastic wave equations that can be used to simultaneously model wave propagation both in moving fluids and stationary solids. For high-precision numerical simulations, a staggered-grid finite-difference scheme is used to solve the proposed equations. Numerical tests on a homogeneous uniformly moving model demonstrate that the dynamic and kinematic characteristics (e.g. wavelength and amplitude) of elastic waves in moving fluids are quite different from those in stationary medium. Forward modelling for a two-layer model that has a flowing water layer and a stationary rock layer is used to study the reflection and transmission patterns of elastic waves in the solid–fluid interface. With the help of the superposition principle of vectors and Snell's law, the transmission angles can be easily calculated. A further test for a more complex stratified model indicates that the energy and traveltime differences of reflected waves are expected to be evidence for the identification of moving fluids. Numerical experiments on the Marmousi II model demonstrate that the relative wavefield error is positively correlated with the maximum moving velocity and the wavelet dominant frequency.
Understanding health care price variation: evidence from Transparency-in-Coverage data
Authors: Whaley Christopher , Radhakrishnan Nandita , Richards Michael , Simon Kosali , Chartock Benjamin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Competition in health care markets should lead to lower prices and less dispersion, with consumer choice as the driving mechanism. Several studies document price variation, suggesting room for improvement; however, they relied on selected data from insurers who provide access to data, limiting generalizability. We document the nature of price variation in the private US market across geography, payer, and provider by leveraging a new dataset, implementing a descriptive analysis using the most comprehensive data available: Transparency-in-Coverage. We measured health care prices in 3 ways: percentile distribution prices for common services, state-level and insurer-level facility fee price indices, and regression-adjusted mean inpatient and outpatient prices. Variation is large: the mean facility fee for a foot X-ray, for example, is $86 at Anthem and $190 at UnitedHealth. Pricing does not appear to be uniform; there is just 22% correlation between an insurer's inpatient price and outpatient facility price. And there is little difference in ordering of high-price states depending on alternative measures, such as relative to Medicare. Results suggest greater consideration of policies to address high and variable prices for US health care.
Early clinical experience using tecovirimat during the 2022 mpox epidemic in Toronto underscores ongoing clinical equipoise and the need for randomized trials
Authors: Khera Shreya S , Mishra Sharmistha , Pico Espinosa Oscar Javier , Gough Kevin , Tan Charlie , Walmsley Sharon , Zhabokritsky Alice , Sharma Malika , Chan Adrienne K , Leis Jerome A , Oo Myo Minn , Tan Darrell H S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Tecovirimat is an antiviral drug that was used compassionately for treating mpox in high-income settings during the 2022 global outbreak. Randomized controlled trials of its efficacy have not yet been completed.

Objectives
To describe medication adherence, tolerability and clinical outcomes of adults receiving open-label tecovirimat for mpox infection.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study and a retrospective case series of adults with mpox cared for at three academic hospitals in Toronto, Canada, between May and August 2022. We present a descriptive analysis of those prescribed oral tecovirimat 600 mg twice daily for 14 days for the management of severe manifestations.

Results
Of 69 consenting participants, all were cisgender men, of whom 60 (87%) identified as gay, and 6 (9%) as bisexual. Nearly half (46%) were living with HIV, with a median (IQR) CD4 count of 468 (328–678) cells/mm3, among whom plasma HIV RNA was &lt;20 copies/mL in 29 (91%) participants. One-third (33%) of participants received tecovirimat during the course of their illness. All participants experienced a decline in number of symptoms over time, but three treated participants initially experienced worsening symptoms despite therapy. Self-reported adherence to tecovirimat was excellent and tolerability was good.

Conclusions
Our experience prescribing tecovirimat for mpox suggests it is safe and well tolerated, but the evolution of symptoms in some tecovirimat-treated patients underscores the ongoing uncertainty regarding its efficacy. In the context of considerable community demand for the drug, efforts should be made to connect mpox patients to rigorous randomized controlled trials, given this ongoing clinical equipoise.
A novel approach to managing gingival recession in protruded roots: a case report
Authors: Lahham Cezar , Kharroubi Rand , AbuQubi Basem , Shatara Aram , Lahham Elias Edward 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This case report presents an innovative approach to managing severe isolated gingival recession associated with root protrusion beyond bone boundaries in a 28-year-old female patient. The patient, who had a history of orthodontic treatment for a 5-year-period, displayed significant gingival recession at the lower right central incisor. Conventional orthodontic repositioning was declined by the patient, leading to the adoption of an alternative treatment strategy. A combination of odontoplasty to trim the protruding root (~1 mm) and a connective tissue graft was employed. The procedure involved meticulous flap creation, root surface biomodification, and precise graft placement to achieve optimal functional and esthetic outcomes. Follow-up over 3 months revealed increased keratinized tissue thickness and complete root coverage, with high patient satisfaction. This novel technique demonstrates the potential to address complex recession cases effectively, preserving root structure and enhancing graft vascularization. Further research is warranted to validate these findings across broader clinical scenarios.
A reference framework for extremely metal-poor OB star studies: calibrations for stellar parameters and intrinsic colours
Authors: Lorenzo M , Garcia M , Castro N , Najarro F , Cerviño M , Herrero A , Simón-Díaz S 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We provide the first reference framework for extremely metal-poor (XMP) OB-type stars. We parsed a grid of 0.10 $Z_{\odot }$fastwind models, covering the parameter space of O stars and early-B supergiants, through contemporary spectral classification criteria to deliver a calibration of key stellar properties as a function of spectral type, and tabulated colours for the most common photometric systems. By using an extensive grid of models, we account for the different combinations of stellar parameters that result in the same spectral morphology and provide a range of parameters and colours compatible with each spectral subtype and luminosity class. We supply updated photometric criteria to optimize candidate selection of OB stars in XMP environments. We find 0.10 $Z_{\odot }$OB stars are 1–6 kK hotter and produce higher ionizing fluxes than their Galactic analogues. In addition, we find a bimodal distribution of the He ii-ionizing flux with spectral type; because of its known dependence on effective temperature and the wind, log $q_{\mathrm{He II}}$ for individual XMP late-O type stars could be underestimated by up to 4 orders of magnitude by other calibrations, some of them used by population synthesis codes. Finally, we used our calibrated colours to map the extinction of the 0.10 $Z_{\odot }$ galaxy Sextans A finding that reddening is non-negligible and uneven.
Strange quark matter as dark matter: 40 yr later, a reappraisal
Authors: Clemente Francesco Di , Casolino Marco , Drago Alessandro , Lattanzi Massimiliano , Ratti Claudia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Forty years ago Witten suggested that dark matter could be composed of macroscopic clusters of strange quark matter. This idea was very popular for several years, but it dropped out of fashion once lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations indicated that the confinement/deconfinement transition, at small baryonic chemical potential, is not first order, which seemed to be a crucial requirement in order to produce large clusters of quarks. Here, we revisit the conditions under which strangelets can be produced in the Early Universe. We discuss the impact of an instability in the hadronic phase separating a low density, positive-strange-charge phase from a high-density phase with a negative strange charge. This second phase can rapidly stabilize by forming colour-superconducting gaps. The strangelets then undergo partial evaporation. In this way, we obtain distributions of their sizes in agreement with the observational constraints and we discuss the many astrophysical and cosmological implications of these objects. Finally, we examine the most promising techniques to detect this type of strangelets. We also show that strangelets can exist with masses $\lesssim $1017 g, while primordial black holes are ruled out in that mass range, allowing us to distinguish between these two dark matter candidates.
Internal dynamics of multiple populations in 28 Galactic globular clusters: a wide-field study with Gaia and the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Cordoni G , Casagrande L , Milone A P , Dondoglio E , Mastrobuono-Battisti A , Jang S , Marino A F , Lagioia E P , Legnardi M V , Ziliotto T , Muratore F , Mehta V , Lacchin E , Tailo M 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of the internal dynamics of multiple stellar populations (MPs) in 28 Galactic globular clusters (GCs) across a wide field of view, extending from the innermost regions to the clusters’ outskirts. Using astrophotometric catalogues from ground-based observations, Gaia and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we identify first- (1P) and second-population (2P) stars, and study the internal dynamics of MPs using high-precision Gaia DR3 and HST proper motions. Our results reveal that while the 1P transitions from isotropy to slight tangential anisotropy towards the outer regions, 2P stars become increasingly radially anisotropic beyond the half-light radius. We also explore the connection between the dynamics of MPs and the clusters’ structural and dynamical properties, finding statistically significant differences in the anisotropy profiles of dynamically young and non-relaxed clusters, particularly beyond the 1–2 half-light radii. In these regions, 1P stars transition from isotropic to slightly tangentially anisotropic motion, while 2P stars become more radially anisotropic. In contrast, dynamically older clusters, with mixed MPs, exhibit weaker relative differences. Furthermore, clusters with orbits closer to the Galactic Centre exhibit larger dynamical differences between 1P and 2P stars than those with larger peri-Galactic radii. These findings are consistent with a scenario where 2P stars form in a more centrally concentrated environment, where the interaction with the Milky Way tidal field plays a crucial role in the dynamical evolution of MPs, especially of 1P.