bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TREE RINGS AS ARCHIVES OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BY FOSSIL CARBON DIOXIDE IN BRATISLAVA
Authors: Kontuľ I , Povinec P P , Richtáriková M , Svetlik I , Šivo A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTResults of radiocarbon (14C) analysis of a tree-ring series from Bratislava, Slovakia, covering the period from 1970 to 2004 are presented. For a part of this time period, monthly 14C measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide from Bratislava sampling station are compared with the tree-ring results. The effects of fossil CO2 emissions on 14C levels in the environment are emphasized by comparison with atmospheric clean air reference values (Schauinsland, Germany). The presented results from Bratislava are also set against the previously measured tree-ring series from Low Tatras mountain region in Slovakia, representing regional clean air radiocarbon levels in the biosphere. The observed 14C levels of Bratislava tree rings and atmospheric CO2 in 1970s and 1980s are significantly lower than clean air data, indicating severe fossil CO2 pollution in Bratislava during this time period.
A model-based economic analysis of the CFHealthHub intervention to support adherence to inhaled medications for people with cystic fibrosis in the UK
Authors: Tappenden Paul , Navega Biz Aline , Hernández Alava Mónica , Sasso Alessandro , Sutton Laura , Ennis Kate , Elliott Rachel , Wildman Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Adherence to preventative inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) is low, resulting in potentially avoidable health losses and the need for costly rescue therapies.

Objectives
To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the CFHealthHub (CFHH) intervention to support adherence to inhaled medications.

Methods
A state transition model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the CFHH intervention versus usual care from the perspective of the UK National Health Service and Personal Social Services over a lifetime horizon. Costs and health outcomes were discounted at a rate of 3.5 percent per annum. Costs were valued at 2021/22 prices. The model structure includes health states defined by survival status, level of lung function, and transplant history. Treatment effects were modeled by changing the probabilities of transitioning between lung function states and reducing exacerbation rates. Model parameters were informed by the CFHH trial, CF Registry data, routine cost databases, literature, and expert opinion. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken to assess uncertainty.

Results
The CFHH intervention is expected to generate additional health gains and cost savings compared with usual care. Assuming that it is delivered for 10 years, the CFHH intervention is expected to generate 0.17 additional quality-adjusted life years and cost savings of GBP 1,600 (EUR 1,662) per patient.

Conclusions
The CFHH intervention is expected to dominate usual care, irrespective of the duration over which the intervention is delivered. The modeled benefits and cost savings are smaller than initially expected and are sensitive to relative treatment effects on lung function.
Ready meals, especially those that are animal-based and cooked in an oven, have lower nutritional quality and higher greenhouse gas emissions and are more expensive than equivalent home-cooked meals
Authors: Aceves-Martins Magaly , Denton Philippa , de Roos Baukje 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:To examine whether ready meals and equivalent home-cooked meals differ in nutritional quality indicators, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and cost.Design:We performed a cross-sectional analysis of meal data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) nutrient databank (2018/19). Additional data on nutrient composition, cost and cooking-related GHGE were calculated and compared between fifty-four ready meals and equivalent home-cooked meals.Setting:The UK.Participants:Not applicable.Results:Ready meals, overall and those that were animal-based, had significantly higher levels of free sugar compared with equivalent home-cooked meals (P < 0·0001 and P < 0·0004, respectively). Animal-based ready meals had significantly higher levels of GHGE (P < 0·001), whereas the cost of ready meals, overall, was significantly higher (P < 0·001), compared with equivalent home-cooked meals. Animal-based meals, whether ready meals or equivalent homemade meals, had significantly higher levels of protein (P < 0·0001), contained significantly more kilocalories (P = 0·001), had significantly higher levels of GHGE (P < 0·0001) and were significantly more expensive (P < 0·0001), compared with plant-based meals. Overall, plant-based meals home-cooked on the gas or electric stove had the lowest GHGE and cost, whereas animal-based oven-cooked ready meals had the highest levels of GHGE and were most expensive.Conclusions:Ready meals have lower nutritional quality and higher GHGE and are more expensive than equivalent home-cooked meals, especially those meals that are animal-based and prepared in an oven.
Controls on Flood Trends Across the United States
Authors: Kemter Matthias , Marwan Norbert , Villarini Gabriele , Merz Bruno 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTrends in flood magnitudes vary across the conterminous USA (CONUS). There have been attempts to identify what controls these regionally varying trends, but these attempts were limited to certain—for example, climatic—variables or to smaller regions, using different methods and datasets each time. Here we attribute the trends in annual maximum streamflow for 4,390 gauging stations across the CONUS in the period 1960–2010, while using a novel combination of methods and an unprecedented variety of potential controlling variables to allow large‐scale comparisons and minimize biases. Using process‐based flood classification and complex networks, we find 10 distinct clusters of catchments with similar flood behavior. We compile a set of 31 hydro‐climatological and land use variables as predictors for 10 separate Random Forest models, allowing us to find the main controls the flood magnitude trends for each cluster. By using Accumulated Local Effect plots, we can understand how these controls influence the trends in the flood magnitude. We show that hydro‐climatologic changes and land use are of similar importance for flood magnitude trends across the CONUS. Static land use variables are more important than their trends, suggesting that land use is able to attenuate (forested areas) or amplify (urbanized areas) the effects of climatic changes on flood magnitudes. For some variables, we find opposing effects in different regions, showing that flood trend controls are highly dependent on regional characteristics and that our novel approach is necessary to attribute flood magnitude trends reliably at the continental scale while maintaining sensitivity to regional controls.
High Resolution SnowModel Simulations Reveal Future Elevation‐Dependent Snow Loss and Earlier, Flashier Surface Water Input for the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Hammond John C. , Sexstone Graham A. , Putman Annie L. , Barnhart Theodore B. , Rey David M. , Driscoll Jessica M. , Liston Glen E. , Rasmussen Kristen L. , McGrath Daniel , Fassnacht Steven R. , Kampf Stephanie K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContinued climate warming is reducing seasonal snowpacks in the western United States, where >50% of historical water supplies were snowmelt‐derived. In the Upper Colorado River Basin, declining snow water equivalent (SWE) and altered surface water input (SWI, rainfall and snowmelt available to enter the soil) timing and magnitude affect streamflow generation and water availability. To adapt effectively to future conditions, we need to understand current spatiotemporal distributions of SWE and SWI and how they may change in future decades. We developed 100‐m SnowModel simulations for water years 2001–2013 and two scenarios: control (CTL) and pseudo‐global‐warming (PGW). The PGW fraction of precipitation falling as snow was lower relative to CTL, except for November–April at high elevations. PGW peak SWE was lower for low (−45%) and mid elevations (−14%), while the date of peak SWE was uniformly earlier in the year for all elevations (17–23 days). Currently unmonitored high elevation snow represented a greater fraction of total PGW SWE. PGW peak daily SWI was higher for all elevations (30%–42%), while the dates of SWI peaks and centroids were earlier in the year for all elevations under PGW. PGW displayed elevated winter SWI, lower summer SWI, and changes in spring SWI timing were elevation‐dependent. Although PGW peak SWI was elevated and earlier compared to CTL, SWI was more evenly distributed throughout the year for PGW. These simulated shifts in the timing and magnitude of SWE and SWI have broad implications for water management in dry, snow‐dominated regions.
Ionospheric TEC Variation and Gravity Waves Signatures During the Solar Eclipse on 21 June 2020 Over Southern China
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Yang Zhenlin , Qin Yusong , Teng Chen‐Ke‐Min , Dou Xiankang , Lei Jiuhou , Huang Fuqing , Dang Tong , Sun Wenjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe total electron content (TEC) derived from ground‐based BeiDou geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite receivers lying on both sides of the eclipse path is used to study the ionospheric variations in southern China, particularly targeting eclipse‐induced gravity waves in the ionosphere during the annular solar eclipse on 21 June 2020. Eclipse‐induced gravity waves (GWs) signatures with periods of about 70 min, from wavelet analysis, were identified on both sides of TEC observations, which are most likely to be induced in the thermosphere. However, there were significant differences in the intensity of the gravity waves on both sides of the eclipse path, gravity waves are stronger on the northern side of the eclipse path than on the southern side. Moreover, a postponement of TEC depletion shows on the northern side of the eclipse path which is caused by the convergence effect of the wind field. And at the same obstruction rate, GWs possibly can slightly adjust the postponement of TEC depletion on a small scale.
Insights From Dayflow: A Historical Streamflow Reanalysis Dataset for the Conterminous United States
Authors: Ghimire Ganesh R. , Hansen Carly , Gangrade Sudershan , Kao Shih‐Chieh , Thornton Peter E. , Singh Debjani 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReconstructed historical streamflow time series can supplement limited streamflow gauge observations. However, there are common challenges of typical modeling approaches: process‐based hydrologic models can be data/computation‐intensive, and statistics‐based models can be region/stream‐specific. Here we present a nationally scalable modeling framework integrating the simulated runoff from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model with the Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge (RAPID) routing model leveraging high‐performance computing. We demonstrate an efficient method of assimilating streamflow at US Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow monitoring sites using a simple hierarchical approach in the VIC‐RAPID framework. The result is a reconstructed 36‐year (1980–2015) daily and monthly streamflow dataset (Dayflow) at ∼2.7 million NHDPlusV2 stream reaches in the conterminous US (CONUS). We perform a comprehensive evaluation at 7,526 USGS sites and characterize their error statistics. The results demonstrate that 49% of the USGS sites demonstrate Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) > 0.5 and 58% of the sites show percentage bias within ±20% for the daily naturalized streamflow. Streamflow data assimilation across CONUS shows an overall improvement over naturalized streamflow, notably in the western semiarid‐to‐arid regions. Comparison to other national and global streamflow reanalysis datasets such as the National Water Model and Global Reach‐scale A priori Discharge Estimates for SWOT demonstrates improved KGE, reduced bias, and directions for Dayflow improvements. Investigations of error statistics with key hydrologic, hydroclimatic, and geomorphologic basin characteristics reveal region‐specific patterns which may help improve future framework applications. Overall, Dayflow may enable a better understanding of hydrologic conditions in a changing environment, especially in locations currently not represented by streamflow monitoring networks.
A tactile and airflow motion sensor based on flexible double-layer magnetic cilia
Authors: Man Jiandong , Zhang Junjie , Chen Guangyuan , Xue Ning , Chen Jiamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInspired by the concept of bionics, a tactile and airflow motion sensor based on flexible double-layer magnetic cilia is developed, showing extremely high sensitivity in both force and airflow detection. The upper layer of the magnetic cilia is a flexible material mixed with magnetic particles, while the lower layer is a pure flexible material. This double-layer structure significantly improves magnetism while maintaining cilia flexibility. In addition, a metal tube pressing (MTP) method is proposed to overcome the difficulties in preparing large aspect ratio (over 30:1) cilia, offering simplicity and avoiding the use of large-scale MEMS instruments. The developed sensor has a detection range between 0 and 60 µN with a resolution of 2.1 µN for micro forces. It also shows great detection ability for airflow velocity with a sensitivity of 1.43 µT/(m/s). Experiments show that the sensor could be applied in surface roughness characterization and sleep apnea monitoring.
Epigenomic signatures reveal mechanistic clues and predictive markers for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: LaSalle Janine M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with a commonality in deficits in social communication and language combined with repetitive behaviors and interests. The etiology of ASD is heterogeneous, as several hundred genes have been implicated as well as multiple in utero environmental exposures. Over the past two decades, epigenetic investigations, including DNA methylation, have emerged as a novel way to capture the complex interface of multivariate ASD etiologies. More recently, epigenome-wide association studies using human brain and surrogate accessible tissues have revealed some convergent genes that are epigenetically altered in ASD, many of which overlap with known genetic risk factors. Unlike transcriptomes, epigenomic signatures defined by DNA methylation from surrogate tissues such as placenta and cord blood can reflect past differences in fetal brain gene transcription, transcription factor binding, and chromatin. For example, the discovery of NHIP (neuronal hypoxia inducible, placenta associated) through an epigenome-wide association in placenta, identified a common genetic risk for ASD that was modified by prenatal vitamin use. While epigenomic signatures are distinct between different genetic syndromic causes of ASD, bivalent chromatin and some convergent gene pathways are consistently epigenetically altered in both syndromic and idiopathic ASD, as well as some environmental exposures. Together, these epigenomic signatures hold promising clues towards improved early prediction and prevention of ASD as well genes and gene pathways to target for pharmacological interventions. Future advancements in single cell and multi-omic technologies, machine learning, as well as non-invasive screening of epigenomic signatures during pregnancy or newborn periods are expected to continue to impact the translatability of the recent discoveries in epigenomics to precision public health.
Thinking inside the box: intracellular roles for complement system proteins come into focus
Authors: O’Brien Rebecca M. , Lynam-Lennon Niamh , Olcina Monica M. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryOver the last decade, perspectives on the complement system in the context of cancer have shifted, with complement proteins now implicated in many of the hallmarks of cancer. Systemically, the generation of complement anaphylatoxin C5a, the most potent inflammatory mediator of the cascade, occurs following convertase-mediated cleavage of complement component C5. In a recent manuscript, Ding et al., propose that in colorectal cancer cells, C5 cleavage can occur intracellularly and in a convertase-independent manner, identifying cathepsin D as an enzyme capable of cleaving C5 into C5a [1]. Intracellular C5a is functional and promotes β-catenin stabilisation via the assembly of a KCTD5/cullin3/Roc-1 complex. Importantly, the blockade of C5aR1 prevents tumorigenesis. This study adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that complement proteins, previously thought to primarily have extracellular or membrane-bound functions, also have important intracellular roles.
Electronic excited states in deep variational Monte Carlo
Authors: Entwistle M. T. , Schätzle Z. , Erdman P. A. , Hermann J. , Noé F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObtaining accurate ground and low-lying excited states of electronic systems is crucial in a multitude of important applications. One ab initio method for solving the Schrödinger equation that scales favorably for large systems is variational quantum Monte Carlo (QMC). The recently introduced deep QMC approach uses ansatzes represented by deep neural networks and generates nearly exact ground-state solutions for molecules containing up to a few dozen electrons, with the potential to scale to much larger systems where other highly accurate methods are not feasible. In this paper, we extend one such ansatz (PauliNet) to compute electronic excited states. We demonstrate our method on various small atoms and molecules and consistently achieve high accuracy for low-lying states. To highlight the method’s potential, we compute the first excited state of the much larger benzene molecule, as well as the conical intersection of ethylene, with PauliNet matching results of more expensive high-level methods.
Untangling competition between epitaxial strain and growth stress through examination of variations in local oxidation
Authors: Yankova Maria S. , Garner Alistair , Baxter Felicity , Armson Samuel , Race Christopher P. , Preuss Michael , Frankel Philipp 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding corrosion mechanisms is of importance for reducing the global cost of corrosion. While the properties of engineering components are considered at a macroscopic scale, corrosion occurs at micro or nano scale and is influenced by local microstructural variations inherent to engineering alloys. However, studying such complex microstructures that involve multiple length scales requires a multitude of advanced experimental procedures. Here, we present a method using correlated electron microscopy techniques over a range of length scales, combined with crystallographic modelling, to provide understanding of the competing mechanisms that control the waterside corrosion of zirconium alloys. We present evidence for a competition between epitaxial strain and growth stress, which depends on the orientation of the substrate leading to local variations in oxide microstructure and thus protectiveness. This leads to the possibility of tailoring substrate crystallographic textures to promote stress driven, well-oriented protective oxides, and so to improving corrosion performance.
Human activities favour prolific life histories in both traded and introduced vertebrates
Authors: Street Sally E. , Gutiérrez Jorge S. , Allen William L. , Capellini Isabella 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpecies’ life histories determine population demographics and thus the probability that introduced populations establish and spread. Life histories also influence which species are most likely to be introduced, but how such ‘introduction biases’ arise remains unclear. Here, we investigate how life histories affect the probability of trade and introduction in phylogenetic comparative analyses across three vertebrate classes: mammals, reptiles and amphibians. We find that traded species have relatively high reproductive rates and long reproductive lifespans. Within traded species, introduced species have a more extreme version of this same life history profile. Species in the pet trade also have long reproductive lifespans but lack ‘fast’ traits, likely reflecting demand for rare species which tend to have slow life histories. We identify multiple species not yet traded or introduced but with life histories indicative of high risk of future trade, introduction and potentially invasion. Our findings suggest that species with high invasion potential are favoured in the wildlife trade and therefore that trade regulation is crucial for preventing future invasions.
A novel injectable hydrogel containing polyetheretherketone for bone regeneration in the craniofacial region
Authors: Alipour Mahdieh , Ghorbani Marjan , Johari khatoonabad Masume , Aghazadeh Marziyeh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an organic material introduced as an alternative for titanium implants. Injectable hydrogels are the most promising approach for bone regeneration in the oral cavity to fill the defects with irregular shapes and contours conservatively. In the current study, injectable Aldehyde-cellulose nanocrystalline/silk fibroin (ADCNCs/SF) hydrogels containing PEEK were synthesized, and their bone regeneration capacity was evaluated. Structure, intermolecular interaction, and the reaction between the components were assessed in hydrogel structure. The cytocompatibility of the fabricated scaffolds was evaluated on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Moreover, the osteoinduction capacity of ADCNCs/SF/PEEK hydrogels on hDPSCs was evaluated using Real-time PCR, Western blot, Alizarin red staining and ALP activity. Bone formation in critical-size defects in rats’ cranial was assessed histologically and radiographically. The results confirmed the successful fabrication of the hydrogel and its osteogenic induction ability on hDPSCs. Furthermore, in in vivo phase, bone formation was significantly higher in ADCNCs/SF/PEEK group. Hence, the enhanced bone regeneration in response to PEEK-loaded hydrogels suggested its potential for regenerating bone loss in the craniofacial region, explicitly surrounding the dental implants.