bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into clinical, laboratory, and GIT ultrasound diagnostic findings of cystic fibrosis in pediatrics
Authors: Hamed Dina H. , Ibrahim Rania SM. , Hakim Marwa A. , Mohsen Mona 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement presently requires medical attention, and this improves the survival rate of patients with CF. GIT imaging has an essential role in the early detection of GIT affection. This study aimed to quantify the abdominal symptoms and their relationship to clinical findings, abdominal ultrasound scoring system, and laboratory parameters, correlating GIT manifestation with ultrasound diagnostic findings.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that included 60 patients diagnosed with CF based on clinical manifestations and confirmed by a positive sweat chloride test ≥ 60 mmol/L and/or genetic analysis (CFTR gene mutation; a copy from each parent) in the CF clinic in the Children’s Hospital, in a period of 12 months.

Results
Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) was the most common GIT manifestation, followed by abdominal distension and steatorrhea. Ultrasonography (US) showed that the most frequent findings were pancreatic lipomatosis in 16 patients (26.7%), the next common finding was heterogeneous coarse hepatic parenchyma in 14 patients (23.3%), while the least finding was the thickened bowel walls in 2 patients (3.3%). Abdominal US scoring revealed that the highest burden of GIT symptoms was clearly associated with pancreatic lipomatosis and liver steatosis with the highest score (6/7) (p = 0.048), while bowel wall thickness (BWT) had the lowest score (3/7) (Table 4).

Conclusion
This study reveals that abdominal US is a non-invasive investigation that helps in the early detection of GIT involvement in CF. RAP is a common GIT manifestation and may reflect a major pathology. Moreover, a significant relationship was detected between RAP and pancreatic cystosis and lipomatosis. Therefore, the study also highlights the importance of US as a routine non-invasive follow-up tool for patients with CF and suggests close monitoring of patients with CF by abdominal US performed every 6 to 12 months.
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation in pediatric patients with acute lung injury: outcomes evaluation
Authors: Rezk Ahmed R. , Mohamed Mai A. , Elkenawy Mohamed H. , Bakry Nehad , Omran Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
With the development of medical technology and advancements of intensive care units, many types of mechanical ventilators are recruited in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI). We evaluated the outcome of the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) compared to conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in pediatric patients with critical respiratory situations mainly ALI or ARDS. A prospective cohort study was performed from 2019 to 2020 in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The following data were recorded: demographic and clinical data, length of PICU stay, mechanical ventilation days, and mortality percentages.

Results
Fifty cases who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups, 24 patients on HFOV from the start and the other 26 were admitted on rescue HFOV after the failure of CMV. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the age (p = 0.571) and the oxygenation index (OI) (p = 0.651). Early HFOV demonstrated shorter length of PICU stay and fewer days on mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate was less with the application of early HFOV compared to rescue HFOV.

Conclusions
Early admission on HFOV can be a safe option in the management of patients with critical lung situation as ARDS/ALI.
Effect of oxygen flow on aerosol delivery from a vibrating mesh nebulizer with a holding chamber
Authors: Amin Mohammed A. , Taha Hebatullah K. , Hussein Raghda R. S. , Sarhan Rania M. , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
A holding chamber (HC) was created to work with a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) to boost the total inhalable dose for patients. In addition to the optional supply of supplemental oxygen, it facilitates intermittent and continuous nebulization. Our goal was to see how well a VMN coupled to a HC with a mouthpiece or valved facemask performed at varied oxygen flows starting at 0–6 L/min. In this study, we used a breathing simulator to simulate adults' spontaneous breathing patterns with a tidal volume of 500 mL and a 1:1 inhalation–exhalation ratio. For the combination of nebulizer and HC adapter with a valved facemask or mouthpiece, five determinations were made. Salbutamol was recovered and evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography from the inhalation filter connected to the breathing simulator, the nebulizer reservoir chamber, and the HC.

Results
The amount of salbutamol in the nebulizer reservoir chamber and within the HC did not differ significantly when using a mouthpiece or a valved facemask. However, the supplied dose to the inhalation filter was increased until oxygen flow reached 2 and 3 L/min using the mouthpiece and valved facemask as interfaces, respectively. The supplied salbutamol was much higher at this flow than at the other oxygen flows. This was followed by a progressive reduction in the supplied salbutamol until the lowest given dose was reached at 6 L/min oxygen flow, p < 0.005.

Conclusions
The supplied doses of salbutamol to the inhalation filter were variable with the VMN connected to the HC and mouthpiece or valved facemask, with significant improvements until an oxygen flow of 2 L/min with a mouthpiece and 3 L/min with a valved facemask, followed by gradual decreases to lower values at an oxygen flow of 6 L/min. An in vivo investigation is required to further validate the findings.
Profile of pediatric out-patients managed by physiotherapists at Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta: a retrospective review
Authors: Fafolahan Abiola Olayinka , Sodipo Oladunni Patricia , Davis Abigail Oladunni , Adeoye Kafayat Kehinde , Musa Badiru Olayinka , David Olakorede , Muminat Alli Asake 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Pediatric physiotherapists help children to achieve their optimal physical development. The present study was aimed to evaluate the out-patient pediatric conditions managed by physiotherapists in Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (FMCA).

Methods
The present study included all children attended to at Pediatric Unit (outpatient) of FMCA in the period between the beginnings of May 20121 to the end of May 2022. The clinic runs every Tuesdays and Thursdays. All children below and equals to 15 years of age were included. Complete clinical, socio-demographic characteristics of patients and parents were manually scrapped from the electronic medical records (EMR) of the hospital. Descriptive statistics was used to present the results.

Results
During this period a total of 160 patients presented with different disorders were seen. There were 100 males (62.5%) and 60 females (37.5%). Cerebral palsy which can be classified as a neurological disorder was the most common condition managed (63.7%). Obstetric brachial palsy injury (OBPI), injection palsy, post-immobilization stiffness, congenital talipes equinivarus, and among others were managed during this period. Cerebral palsy was common among males, obstetric brachial palsy injury, and injection palsy. Cerebral palsy patients had late presentation for physiotherapy (1–5 years). Only 2 patients out of 11 with OBPI came for early physiotherapy. There is higher risk for cerebral palsy and OBPI among primiparous mothers.

Conclusions
It was concluded that neurological disorders are the most common pediatric cases managed by physiotherapists in Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, with cerebral palsy having higher prevalence.
The effect of adenotonsillectomy on pulmonary hypertension in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Bahgat Ahmed , Bahgat Yassin , Abdelmohaymen Ahmed , Elwany Mostafa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In a majority of OSA children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, very mild symptoms or no symptoms at all are related to the cardiopulmonary system, but symptomless chronic changes may slowly occur in these children. Therefore, it is wise to monitor these patients by an easy, noninvasive cost-effective method; this can easily be done by monitoring mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of these children with Doppler echocardiography. Doppler echocardiography has been demonstrated to have a perfect correlation with cardiac catheterization. This study aims to determine the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) in OSA children with hypertrophied tonsils and adenoid and to clarify whether adenotonsillectomy has any effect on pulmonary arterial pressure of these children.

Methods
Study was conducted on 50 children of both sexes aged from 4 to 15 years. Children complain of loud snoring and obstructive sleep apnea due to hypertrophied tonsils and adenoids. Children fit for general anesthesia and adenotonsillectomy. In all subjects, Doppler echocardiography was done before and after adenotonsillectomy.

Results
Comparison between preoperative PASP and after 2 months showed that normal PASP were found in 25 (50.0%) and 50 (100.0%) for preoperative and after 2 months respectively. There was statistically significant difference between preoperative PASP and after 2 months. However, there was no correlation between preoperative PASP and age, sex, or duration of symptoms.

Conclusion
From this study, we conclude that adenotonsillar hypertrophy causes higher PASP in OSA children, PASP is worse in neglected OSA cases with long duration of symptoms, and adenotonsillectomy is an effective therapeutic measure in such patients.
Effect of different geometric factors of H-shaped steel section on bi-axially loaded fully encased composite column
Authors: Rath Badrinarayan , Kiflu Feven , Dereje Bewiket , Garoma Shiferaw , Kebede Kassahun , Gutema Endalkachew Mosisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of geometric factors on the fully encased composite column under eccentric loading about both axes of the steel section by using ABAQUS software. Thirty-six column specimens were assembled under 9 different groups by considering types of length to depth ratios (L/D ratios), three types of eccentricity to depth ratios (e/D ratios), and three types of steel contribution ratios. For validation of the model, simulations were conducted for eccentric loaded composite column test specimens from current studies and published literature. These composite columns were simulated under eccentrically applied axial load to observe the ultimate load carrying capacity, failure behavior, and axial deformation under ultimate load. Generally, these were found to greatly influence to ductility and load carrying capacity of fully encased composite column specimens. It was found that the axial load carrying capacity of the composite column was reduced with an increment of the L/D ratio up to 35%. As the e/D ratio was increased, the flexural stiffness of the column was reduced gradually. The increment of the structural steel contribution ratio increased the ductility and load-carrying capacity with a smooth decline of the post-peak region of the curve. A load-Moment interaction diagram was plotted based on EBCS EN 1994-1-1:2014 from test results.
Hindlimb muscle spindles inform preparatory forelimb coordination prior to landing in toads
Authors: Duman Alex , Azizi Emanuel 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Animals move across a wide range of surface conditions in real-world environments to acquire resources and avoid predation. To effectively navigate a variety of surfaces, animals rely on several mechanisms including intrinsic mechanical responses, spinal-level central pattern generators, and neural commands that require sensory feedback. Muscle spindle Ia afferents play a critical role in providing sensory feedback and informing motor control strategies across legged vertebrate locomotion, which is apparent in cases where this sensory input is compromised. Here, we tested the hypothesis that spindle Ia afferents from hindlimb muscles are important for coordinating forelimb landing behavior in the cane toad. We performed bilateral sciatic nerve reinnervations to ablate the stretch reflex from distal hindlimb muscles while allowing for motor neuron recovery. We found that toads significantly delayed the onset and reduced the activation duration of their elbow extensor muscle following spindle Ia afferent ablation in the hindlimbs. However, reinnervated toads achieved similar elbow extension at touchdown to that of their pre-surgery state. Our results suggest that while toads likely tuned the activation timing of forelimb muscles in response to losing Ia afferent sensation from the hindlimbs they were likely able to employ compensatory strategies that allowed them to continue landing effectively with reduced sensory information during take-off. These findings indicate muscle spindle Ia afferents may contribute to tuning complex movements involving multiple limbs.
Maintaining control: metabolism of molting Arctic seals in water and when hauled out
Authors: Thometz Nicole M. , Rosen David A. S. , Hermann-Sorensen Holly , Meranda Madeline , Pardini Madilyn , Reichmuth Colleen 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Seals haul out of water for extended periods during the annual molt, when they shed and regrow their pelage. This behavior is believed to limit heat loss to the environment given increased peripheral blood flow to support tissue regeneration. The degree to which time in water, particularly during the molt, may affect thermoregulatory costs is poorly understood. We measured the resting metabolism of three spotted seals (Phoca largha), one ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and one bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) during and outside the molting period, while resting in water and when hauled out. Metabolic rates were elevated in spotted and ringed seals during molt, but comparable in water and air for individuals of all species, regardless of molt status. Our data indicate that elevated metabolism during molt primarily reflects the cost of tissue regeneration, while increased haul out behavior is driven by the need to maintain elevated skin temperatures to support tissue regeneration.
The effect of temperature on haemoglobin–oxygen binding affinity in regionally endothermic and ectothermic sharks
Authors: Morrison Phillip R. , Bernal Diego , Sepulveda Chugey A. , Brauner Colin J. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Haemoglobin (Hb)–O2 binding affinity typically decreases with increasing temperature, but several species of ectothermic and regionally endothermic fishes exhibit reduced Hb thermal sensitivity. Regionally endothermic sharks, including the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) and lamnid sharks such as the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), can maintain select tissues and organs warmer than ambient temperature by retaining metabolic heat with vascular heat exchangers. In the ectothermic bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus), diurnal movements above and below the thermocline subject the tissues, including the blood, to a wide range of operating temperatures. Therefore, blood–O2 transport must occur across internal temperature gradients in regionally endothermic species, and over the range of environmental temperatures encountered by the ectothermic bigeye thresher shark. While previous studies have shown temperature-independent Hb–O2 affinity in lamnid sharks, including shortfin mako, the Hb–O2 affinity of the common and bigeye thresher sharks is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of temperature on whole-blood Hb–O2 affinity in common thresher shark and bigeye thresher shark. For comparison, analyses were also conducted on the shortfin mako shark and two ectothermic species, blue shark (Prionace glauca) and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). Blood–O2 binding affinity was temperature independent for common thresher shark and shortfin mako shark, which should prevent internal temperature gradients from negatively affecting blood–O2 transport. Blue shark and spiny dogfish blood–O2 affinity decreased with increasing temperature, as expected, but bigeye thresher shark blood exhibited both a reduced temperature dependence and a high Hb–O2 affinity, which likely prevents large changes in environment temperature and low environmental oxygen from affecting O2 uptake.
Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends for 2023
Authors: Thompson Walter R. 
Published: December 2022

Apply It!
The annual ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal®
worldwide survey to determine industry trends by health and fitness professionals is now in its 17th consecutive year. The COVID-19 pandemic certainly made an impact on the 2021 survey and continued for 2022, but for 2023, some current trends are emerging whereas others are weakening because of the world's recovery from the isolation caused by COVID-19. The #1 trend for 2023, as it was for 2022, is wearable technology. Home exercise gyms was #2 for 2022 but has dropped to #13 for 2023. Fitness programs for older adults will make a comeback in 2023, breaking the top 10 at #4. Functional fitness training, a popular form of exercise for the older adult, is the #5 trend for 2023.
From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:
• Explain the differences between a fitness fad and a fitness trend
• Use the worldwide fitness trends in the commercial, corporate, clinical (including medical fitness), and community health and fitness industry to further promote physical activity
• Study expert opinions about identified fitness trends for 2023
THE EFFECT OF PLAY ON SOCIAL AND LINGUISTIC SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Secil Idil , Ertan Deniz 
Published: December 2022

Children who are diagnosed with autism usually have similar problems with linguistic and social skills (making eye contact, starting a dialogue or continuing dialogues…) The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of play in social and linguistic skill development of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).In this study, 28 structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 parents in Izmir, Turkey (a parent had two autistic children). The Turkish translation of the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) (Irmak et al., 2007) was directed to the parents twice in the structured interviews in order to compare and contrast the presence of autism symptoms after the diagnosis (before play, over 6 months ago) and after play (present day). In the semi-structured interviews, open-ended questions prepared by the researchers were directed to the parents to capture and document more detailed information about the play process such as the duration and type of play. All interviews were recorded with permission, documents and dates were collected, and informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki was received.Analysis shows an overall decline or disappearance in nearly all attributes in the ABC. Results of the semi-structured interviews demonstrate that most frequently played games were as follows: Traditional and role play/imitation games (hide and seek, blindman’s buff…); make-believe games (house, teaching, hairdressing…) ; athletics (basketball, football…), and educational activities (drawing, card and board games…).According to the results, play affected the social and linguistic skills of autistic children positively.
Ψηφιακός Εθελοντισμός: Student’s Vision
Authors: Ευαγγελόπουλος Αλέξανδρος , Κατσιπού Δήμητρα , Κεράνη Γεωργία- Ιωάννα , Κεφαλίδης Ιορδάνης 
Published: December 2022

Με αφορμή την εργασία μας στα πλαίσια του μαθήματος της Πολιτικής Παιδείας, αποφασίσαμε να δημιουργήσουμε μία ιστοσελίδα, ως μορφή ψηφιακού εθελοντισμού. Η ιστοσελίδα εξυπηρετεί ποικίλους σκοπούς, με τους βασικούς να είναι η πληροφόρηση και η ενημέρωση για διάφορες αναπηρίες, καθώς και η πρόταση πλήρως εξοπλισμένων υποδομών για ανθρώπους με αναπηρίες. Θέλαμε επίσης να διαμορφώσουμε έναν χώρο, όπου μπορεί ο καθένας να επικοινωνήσει άμεσα μαζί μας, αλλά και με άλλους επισκέπτες. Διαθέτει ειδικά διαμορφωμένο χάρτη, με τα προαναφερθέντα μέρη, τον οποίο θα εμπλουτίσουμε με τις προτάσεις των επισκεπτών μας, αλλά και με δικές μας. Επιπρόσθετα, υπάρχει forum, και chatroom.
Optimal Oracle Inequalities for Projected Fixed-Point Equations, with Applications to Policy Evaluation
Authors: Mou Wenlong , Pananjady Ashwin , Wainwright Martin J. 
Published: December 2022

Linear fixed-point equations in Hilbert spaces arise in a variety of settings, including reinforcement learning, and computational methods for solving differential and integral equations. We study methods that use a collection of random observations to compute approximate solutions by searching over a known low-dimensional subspace of the Hilbert space. First, we prove an instance-dependent upper bound on the mean-squared error for a linear stochastic approximation scheme that exploits Polyak–Ruppert averaging. This bound consists of two terms: an approximation error term with an instance-dependent approximation factor and a statistical error term that captures the instance-specific complexity of the noise when projected onto the low-dimensional subspace. Using information-theoretic methods, we also establish lower bounds showing that both of these terms cannot be improved, again in an instance-dependent sense. A concrete consequence of our characterization is that the optimal approximation factor in this problem can be much larger than a universal constant. We show how our results precisely characterize the error of a class of temporal difference learning methods for the policy evaluation problem with linear function approximation, establishing their optimality. Funding: This work was partially supported by grants from the Office of Naval Research [Grant DOD-ONRN00014-18-1-2640] and the National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-IIS Grant 1909365, NSF-DMS Grant 2015454, and NSF-CCF Grant 1955450] to M. J. Wainwright. Part of this work was performed when A. Pananjady was visiting the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, where he was supported by a Swiss Re Research Fellowship. Supplemental Material: The online supplementary file is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2022.1341 .
Uncontrolled asthma in primary care: part 1
Authors: Booth Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Uncontrolled asthma places patients at risk of asthma attack, hospital admission and death. Andrew Booth highlights strategies that may be used in primary care to identify these patients This article will help nurses to identify uncontrolled asthma in a primary care setting, and support the identification of people who may be at risk from asthma attack, hospital admission or death. Guideline-defined asthma control is covered, along with the appropriate tools used to measure asthma control. The difference between asthma severity, asthma control and risk of attack is discussed, with practical advice from national and international asthma guidelines. Strategies and interventions that may be of use in primary care are highlighted, and a look at how research is helping identify new ways of supporting people with uncontrolled asthma.
A brief guide to immunisation and the immunocompromised child or young person
Authors: Watson Chloe , Davies Barbara , Camara Claire 
Published: December 2022

Vaccination of immunocompromised children is challenging both in regards to efficacy and safety. Chloe Watson, Barbara Davies and Claire Camara provide a brief overview Immunisation in children with a compromised immune system is not straightforward. Children with autoimmune disorders are especially at risk of vaccine-preventable diseases due to their underlying disease and the immunosuppressive treatment that is often required for a long period. This article explores some of the complexities that need to be considered when planning individual vaccination programmes.