bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgA Half Molecules
Authors: Mushinski J. Frederic , Dungan Miranda M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Six two chain IgA myeloma proteins are found to have very similar molecular weights and to share immunochemical characteristics suggesting that they represent examples of an unusually small-sized variant of normal mouse IgA. With the use of homologous antiserums in 2-dimensional double diffusion and hemagglutination inhibition, small amounts of this unusual IgA were detected in normal BALB/c intestinal contents. Gel filtration of the intestinal contents suggests that these gut immunoglobulins A exist in a size consistent with a single light chain plus a single heavy chain and can be regarded as IgA “half molecules” or IgAh. We feel that IgAh represents a normal variant of mouse IgA, but the possibility of its being a second mouse IgA subclass is discussed.
Partial Characterization of Human C5a Anaphylatoxin
Authors: Fernandez Horacio N. , Hugli Tony E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human C5a was isolated from complement-activated serum and was characterized for protein and carbohydrate content. The purified C5a was judged to be homogeneous by both polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunologic techniques. The polypeptide moiety of C5a contains 73 amino acid residues which represent a m.w. of 8,200. Analysis of the carbohydrate moiety in C5a indicated 4 moles of glucosamine, 3 to 4 moles of sialic acid, 4 moles of mannose and 2 moles of galactose. The total carbohydrate content in C5a, therefore, amounts to approximately 25% of the apparent m.w. of the anaphylatoxin molecule. The protein and carbohydrate portions of C5a together equal a m.w. of approximately 11,000 which is considerably less than the 15 to 16,000 indicated by physical measurements. Human C5a contains a COOH-terminal arginine which is essential for anaphylatoxin activity and a sequence of Gln-Leu-Gly-Arg-COOH at the COOH-terminus which compares favorably with that of human C3a (Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg-COOH). Additional similarities between the C3a and C5a molecules include length of the polypeptide chain, number of disulfide bonds and an absence of tryptophan residues. A major chemical difference does exist between these two human anaphylatoxins, namely that carbohydrate is associated with C5a but is absent in the C3a molecule. The partial NH2-terminal sequence of C5a was determined as NH2-Thr-Leu-Glx-Lys-Lys-Ile-Glx-Glx-Ile-Ala- and direct comparison with the known sequence of human C3a shows little homology.
Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus in Mouse Spleen Cell Cultures Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kirchner Holger , Hirt Hans-Martin , Kleinicke Christa , Munk Klaus 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Replication of HSV was demonstrated in spleen cell cultures of D2 and several other strains of mice after prestimulation with mitogenic doses of LPS for 2 days. No viral replication occurred in unstimulated cultures or in cultures prestimulated with PHA and Con A, whereas there was some viral replication in spleen cell cultures of D2 mice after prestimulation with Poly I-C. Spleen cells of B6 mice did not support replication of HSV under any of the conditions we have tested thus far. The reasons for this defect are not clear, but it was obviously not caused by a defective lymphoproliferative response to LPS or by an active anti-viral principle elaborated by B6 spleen cells. F1 hybrids between B6 and D2 mice were capable of HSV replication to the same extent as were spleen cells of D2 mice. Several strains of both HSV-1 and HSV-2 could be replicated in D2 spleen cell cultures. Nylon column treatment of D2 spleen cells removed the ability to replicate HSV, whereas macrophage removal from the spleens by plastic adherence was without effect. Purified peritoneal exudate cells from D2 mice did not support replication of HSV. Together these data suggest that B cells activated by LPS represent the target cell of HSV replication in mouse spleen cell cultures.
Membrane Expression of Thy-1.2 and GM1 Ganglioside on Differentiating T Lymphocytes
Authors: Milewicz Christine , Miller Harold C. , Esselman Walter J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C3H mouse bone marrow cells were separated by discontinuous BSA gradient centrifugation. Marrow cells from the 17 to 19%, 19 to 21%, 21 to 23%, 23 to 25%, 25 to 27% interfaces and the cell pellet were treated with thymic factor (TF) or with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN), followed by anti-Thy-1.2 and anti-GM1 ganglioside antisera. Antigens determined by anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-GM1 were expressed either with TF or VCN within a 30-min incubation. Cells expressing these antigens after VCN or TF treatment were concentrated in the 19 to 21% layer and the 21 to 23% layer whereas there was little or no antiserum cytotoxicity in the other layers. A small amount of Thy-1.2 or GM1 could be detected by cytotoxicity on 19 to 21% layer marrow cells within 15 min of either TF or VCN treatment. Treatment of 19 to 21 % layer cells with TF or VCN had no effect on anti-H-2 cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of TF-treated marrow cells with cholera toxin or choleragenoid (which bind cell surface GM1) abrogated the cytotoxicity of anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-GM1 without affecting anti-H-2 cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of Thy-1.2 positive C3H thymocytes with cholera toxin or choleragenoid greatly reduced the cytotoxicity of anti-Thy-1.2 antiser a without affecting the cytotoxicity of anti-H-2 antisera. Nude mouse splenocytes, after treatment with VCN or TF, were susceptible to the lytic action of anti-Thy-1.2 and anti-GM1. The possibility that nonspecific autologous antibodies were responsible for anti-Thy-1.2 cytotoxicity toward VCN-treated marrow cells was eliminated because anti-Thy-1.2 was not cytotoxic for VCN treated AKR (Thy-1.1) marrow cells.
Mouse Factor B of the Alternative Pathway of Complement Activation
Authors: Bitter-Suermann Dieter , Burger Reinhard , Brade Volker , Hadding Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse factor B was purified and a monospecific anti-serum was raised. The physicochemical data of this protein (108,000 m.w., 5.9 S, 5.9 to 6.05 isoelectric point) were determined. The functional behavior resembles that of human and guinea pig factor B and it operates efficiently in the C3 feedback cycle of the alternative pathway of complement activation. A provisional scheme is given for the operation of the C3bB̄ enzyme on the cellular (macrophage) level.
Complement Receptor Lymphocytes in the Rabbit
Authors: Green William R. , Fanger Michael W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In an attempt to determine the effect of immunization on the size and nature of the complement receptor lymphocyte (CRL) and surface immunoglobulin (SIg)-bearing lymphocyte (B cell) populations, rabbits were injected with 1 mg alum-precipitated keyhole limpet hemocyanin and the cells of the draining popliteal lymph nodes were examined at various intervals for these populations. Comparison to unimmunized control lymph nodes revealed that immunization resulted in an approximate doubling of the percentages of both CRL and B cell populations by the peak of the response, while the cell number increased about 7- to 8-fold. Kinetic analysis of the response indicated that the percentages of CRL and B cells increased essentially in parallel beginning within 40 hr after immunization. Simultaneous assay of complement receptor (CR) and SIg disclosed that CRL remained a B cell subpopulation throughout the response. To determine whether cell division could account for the increases in total cell number and per cent CRL and B cells, immunized rabbits were given 3H-thymidine in vivo, and the fraction of labeled (dividing) cells was determined by autoradiography. Results of such experiments were consistent with the possibility that the early increase in cell number and the increase in CRL and B cell percentages were a result of trapping and/or homing of lymphocytes migrating from the peripheral blood. A significant amount of lymphocyte division occurred during later stages of the response.
Induction or Suppression of B Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Phytohemagglutinin or Concanavalin A in Mouse Spleen Cell Cultures
Authors: Piguet Pierre-F. , Dewey Henry K. , Vassalli Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cultures of mouse spleen cells or various mixtures of mouse T and B cells were stimulated with PHA or Con A, and the T, B, or plasmablast nature of the transformed cells, was determined by immunofluorescence 2 to 4 days later. The lectins enhanced B cell proliferation and plasmablast differentiation (“helper” effect) provided one of the following conditions was fulfilled: a) suboptimal doses of lectin were used, b) cultures were performed at low cell concentration, c) cultures were made of spleen cells containing a small percentage of T cells, d) the cultures contained a mixture of T-depleted spleen cells and T cells rendered unable to proliferate by irradiation. In contrast, cultures performed with 1.5 106 or more spleen cells/ml and optimal doses of lectin contained almost exclusively T blasts, as did cultures stimulated in the same conditions with both PHA and LPS. This last observation indicates the existence of a lectin-induced “suppressor” effect, since LPS, a B cell mitogen, induces, in the absence of PHA, a marked B cell proliferation and differentiation into plasmablasts. These helper and suppressor effects were entirely mediated by T cells, since they were not observed in spleen cell cultures depleted in T cells by anti-θ + C.
Analysis of the cultures by immunofluorescence and radioautography after pulses of 3H-thymidine showed that these antagonistic effects could be related to the number of T blasts present in the culture and to their proliferative behavior. Helper effect is observed in cultures containing a relatively low number of T blasts (or none in cultures made with irradiated T cells), whereas suppressive effect is observed in cultures containing a high number of T blasts, a large proportion of them having left the proliferative cell cycle. It is proposed that when a critical concentration of T blasts is reached (“saturation density”), further proliferation and differentiation is prevented, resulting in a suppressive effect on the generation of plasmablasts.
The helper effect of lectin-activated T cells seems to be exerted on a subpopulaion of B cells which was, at least in part, already proliferating in vivo, and to result in a polyclonal IgM plasmablast differentiation.
Complement-Induced Ultrastructural Membrane Lesions: Requirement for Terminal Components
Authors: Packman Charles H. , Rosenfeld Stephen I. , Weed Robert I. , Leddy John P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The step in the complement (C) sequence at which 8- to 11-nm ring-shaped lesions are formed on antibody-coated erythrocytes (EA) has remained controversial. Some workers have concluded that these lesions appear at the C5 step and are not ultrastructural correlates of lysis; others hold that these lesions are formed only after the action of C8 and C9 in association with lysis. We have re-examined this problem by using sheep EA and human sera genetically lacking C5, C6, C7, or C8. Electron micrographs of negatively stained membranes (× 220,000) were read in blind fashion and the results correlated with 125I-C5 binding.
Rare structures resembling C-induced ring lesions were found on EA exposed to C5-deficient (C5D), C6D, C7D and C8D sera or to heated normal serum, with no significant differences among these sera (lesion density 0 to 0.26/µm2). Fresh normal serum (NHS) produced 140 to 220 ring lesions/µm2. C5 binding to EA in C8D serum was 60% of that observed in an NHS control; in C6D and C7D sera C5 binding was 4 to 11% of the normal value. Iodine treatment of sera (to enhance C5 uptake by C2 oxidation) increased C5 binding in C6D serum to 40 to 65% of that seen in native NHS; in iodine-treated C7D and C8D sera C5 binding was 250 and 440%, respectively, of the native NHS value. No increase in ring lesions was observed, however, except in the iodine-treated NHS.
Thus, in whole serum, C5 binding is not sufficient to produce ultrastructural membrane rings in the absence of later-acting C components, at least through C8. The formation of ring lesions appears to have C requirements similar to those necessary for lysis.
Comparative Immunogenic Properties of N-Substituted Phosphatidylethanolamine Derivatives and Liposomal Model Membranes
Authors: Nicolotti Robert A. , Kochibe Naohisa , Kinsky Stephen C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study describes some of the parameters that quantitatively or qualitatively influence the immunogenicity in guinea pigs of synthetic lipid antigens: phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) derivatives in which the amino (N) group has been substituted with either dinitrophenyl (DNP), dinitrophenylaminocaproyl (DNP-Cap), fluoresceinthiocarbamyl (Fl), or mono (p-azobenzenearsonic acid) tyrosyl (ABA-Tyr) residues. Previous experiments have shown that the non-covalent insertion of DNP-Cap-PE and ABA-Tyr-PE into the same lipid bilayers of sphingomyelin-cholesterol-dicetylphosphate liposomes markedly enhanced anti-DNP -Cap antibody formation over that produced by liposomes sensitized with only DNP-Cap-PE. The humoral response to Fl-PE and DNP-PE-sensitized liposomes is also augmented by the simultaneous incorporation of ABA-Tyr-PE. Moreover, micelles containing both DNP-Cap-PE and ABA-Tyr-PE induce more antibodies to the DNP-Cap determinant than do micelles of DNP-Cap-PE alone, or a mixture of DNP-Cap-PE and ABA-Tyr-PE micelles. Nevertheless, in regard to a humoral response, liposomes were more potent immunogens than were their micellar counterparts.
Of all the N-substituted derivatives examined so far, ABA-Tyr-PE is unique in that it can elicit cell-mediated immunity in addition to antibodies. The cellular response to ABA-Tyr-PE is not, however, stimulated by incorporation into liposomal bilayers and requires administration of either micelles or liposomes in complete Freund's adjuvant. In contrast, the ability of ABA-Tyr-PE to enhance a humoral response to another N-substituted PE derivative present in the same immunogen is also observed when the latter are given with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The relationship of these findings to the immunogenicity of naturally occurring lipid antigens, as well as conventional immunogens having at least one determinant covalently attached to a protein carrier, is discussed.
The L1210 Leukemia Cell Bears a B Lymphocyte Specific, non-H-2 Linked Alloantigen
Authors: Freund John G. , Ahmed Aftab , Budd Richard E. , Dorf Martin E. , Sell Kenneth W. , Vannier Wilton E. , Humphreys Robert E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The L1210 murine lymphoblast cell line possessed a B lymphocyte-specific alloantigen which was detected with C57BL/Ks anti-L1210 serum. The antigen was found on splenic B lymphocytes but not on thymocytes, T lymphocytes, or erythrocytes. It was present on only 7% of bone marrow cells. The reactivity of C57BL/Ks anti-DBA/2-spleen serum was indistinguishable from that of the anti-L1210 serum, confirming that the antigen was a normal component of B lymphocytes of the DBA/2 mouse. The strain distribution pattern of the antigen detected by the C57BL/Ks anti-L1210 serum indicated that this alloantigen was not an allele of the H-2K, H-2D, Mls, or Ig loci. Genetic analysis indicated that the antigen was inherited as a single, Mendelian dominant trait. Segregation analysis of (B10.BR × DBA/2)F1 × AKR/J offspring indicated that this B cell marker was was not linked to genes coding for H-2.31 or Ly 4.2. The C57BL/Ks anti-L1210 serum identified a new polymorphic genetic locus, the product of which was B lymphocyte specific.
Studies on Non-H-2-Linked Lymphocyte-Activating Determinants
Authors: Ahmed Aftab , Scher Irwin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) coded non-H-2-linked lymphocyte-activating determinants (LADs) are present on a late developing subpopulation of murine B lymphocytes. Spleen cells derived from CBA/N mice, a strain with an X-linked defect in B cell function, failed to stimulate a response in Mls-defined mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) with H-2 identical CBA/J or C3H/N responder spleen cells. However, both CBA/J and C3H/N spleen cells induced significant responses in CBA/N responder spleen cells. The inability of CBA/N cells to induce an Mls-defined response was not due to the presence of the nonstimulatory Mlsb genotype, since spleen cells of immunologically normal F1 mice derived from crosses of CBA/N and C3H/N mice were stimulatory in MLRs for C3H/N responder cells. Immunologically abnormal CBA/N ♀ × C3H/N ♂) F1 male mice, which are hemizygous for the CBA/N X chromosome, were also unable to induce a response in Mls-defined MLRs. Although the Mls-coded LADs are not X linked in immunologically normal mouse strains, these data indicate that the failure of CBA/N mice to functionally express the Mls-coded LADs is X linked. This characteristic was not secondary to the presence of suppressor cells and is most likely related to the absence of a late developing (mature) subpopulation of B lymphocytes in these mice.
Preparation and Subfractionation of Isologous and Heterologous Anti-Idiotypes, with FV Fragments
Authors: Helman Miriam , Shreier Irit , Givol David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fv fragments prepared from the BALB/c anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) myeloma proteins, produced by plasmacytoma MOPC 315 and XRPC 25, were used to raise anti-idiotypic antibodies in rabbits. Anti-idiotypes to these proteins were also prepared in the syngeneic BALB/c mice by injecting the intact proteins, whereas Fv fragment failed to induce antibodies in these mice. Rabbit anti-Fv of late bleedings did not show the presence of antibodies to “framework determinants” (determinants common to all V regions of mouse immunoglobulins), and they contained precipitating anti-idiotypes whereas mouse antisera contained non-precipitating anti-idiotypes. No cross-reaction was observed between anti-idiotypes to these myeloma proteins and induced anti-DNP antibodies from BALB/c mice, when either rabbit or mouse antisera were analyzed. The antisera were fractionated into anti-binding site and anti-non-binding site by adsorption onto the immunogen-Sepharose column and elution by DNP lysine, followed by elution with acetic acid. Only the anti-binding sites were inhibited by hapten in their interaction with the homologous myeloma protein. The rabbit anti-Fv antibodies were predominantly (over 90%) anti-non-binding site whereas the mouse anti-idiotypes were predominantly (60 to 70%) anti-binding site.
Antigen-Specific and Nonspecific Mediators of T Cell/B Cell Cooperation
Authors: Hoffeld J. Terrell , Marrack Philippa , Kappler John W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous work in this laboratory has defined two functionally distinct T cell subpopulations (viz., antigen-specific helper and antigen-nonspecific helper) and characterized some of the parameters of these subpopulations derived from the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed mouse spleen. Characterization of further parameters such as relative susceptibility to tolerance induction and relative degree of specificity was not possible with the use of KLH as the antigen. In order to overcome this impediment, an experimental protocol was developed, as herewith described, to permit the study of these two T cell subpopulations in response to the antigen human γ-globulin (HGG). This protocol qualitatively duplicates the parameters defined for the KLH system and provides an extremely useful model for the study of the response to serum proteins in the Mishell-Dutton culture system.
In Vitro Synthesis of Immunoglobulin and Anti-Viral Antibody in Aleutian Disease Viral Infection of Mink
Authors: Perryman Lance E. , McGuire Travis C. , Banks Keith L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphoid cells from Aleutian disease virus (ADV)-infected and noninfected mink were cultured in vitro and the synthesis of IgM, IgG, and viral-specific antibody measured. Compared to noninfected mink, lymph node cells from mink with Aleutian disease (AD) contained a higher percentage of plasma cells and immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes, synthesized significantly more IgG, and produced detectable quantities of ADV-specific antibody. No significant difference in IgM synthesis was observed.
Natural Immunity in Cats to Feline Leukemia Viral Antigens
Authors: Ruscetti Sandra K. , Parks Wade P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An isotopic antiglobulin assay was developed to measure antibodies in “normal” cats to FOCMA, a cell surface antigen associated with immunity to FeLV-induced tumors. The assay was shown to be specific for detecting FOCMA antibody by several criteria including a correlation with cell membrane immunofluorescence and absorption tests. Antibody to FOCMA developed following FeLV infection and was expressed in heterologous species. In combination with an assay for antibody to FeLV p30, the major virion structural protein, 200 cat sera from three different geographic areas were examined for evidence of FeLV type-C virus infection. Approximately 17% of all sera examined contained antibody to FOCMA. Antibodies directed to the FeLV p30 were detected in 8 of the sera and only in cats with FOCMA antibody. The correlation in cat sera between antibody to FOCMA and FeLV p30 antigen suggests that both are associated with the same process, infection with FeLV type-C virus. The relationship of the observed pattern of antibody response is discussed in relation to other horizontally transmitted RNA-containing viruses.
Blocking of HLA and B Lymphocyte Alloantigens with F(ab′)2 Fragments of Rabbit Antibodies
Authors: Billing Ronald J. , Honig Ronald , Peterson Patricia , Safani Madjid , Terasaki Paul I. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
F(ab′)2 fragments of rabbit antibodies specific for human B lymphocytes will block human anti-B lymphocyte alloantibodies. F(ab′)2 of anti-β2m will block HLA alloantibodies. The F(ab′)2 fragments can be used to improve the typing of B cell lines and certain leukemia cells which express both HLA and B lymphocyte alloantigens. Pretreatment of these cells with anti-β2m F(ab′)2 preparations allows the observation of B cell alloantigen reactions independently of HLA reactions. Similar use of rabbit anti-B cell F(ab′)2 allows HLA reactions to be observed free from the “extra reactions” caused by B alloantibodies that are present in many HLA typing sera.
Lack of Antibody Activity Directed against the Most Common Human Bacteria in Human Myeloma Protein
Authors: Pillot Jacques , Creau-Goldberg Nicole , Gonzales Yolanda 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The fact that sera of germ-free animals contain very little Ig suggests that most Ig probably correspond to antibacterial antibodies. We have detected an antibacterial activity against 40 bacterial strains, pathogenic and nonpathogenic, in 85 M-components of human origin. This work has been conducted by indirect immunofluorescence withipure labeled antibodies. The reasons for which indirect immunofluorescence seems to be the best technique for this kind of research are discussed.
No activity whatsoever could be detected. The reasons of this lack of activity remain to be explained.