bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of peripheral neuropathy detected by monofilament testing with risk of falls and fractures in older adults
Authors: Hicks Caitlin W. , Wang Dan , Daya Natalie , Juraschek Stephen P. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Windham B. Gwen , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn persons with diabetes, annual screening for peripheral neuropathy (PN) using monofilament testing is the standard of care. However, PN detected by monofilament testing is common in older adults, even in the absence of diabetes. We aimed to assess the association of PN with risk of falls and fractures in older adults.MethodsWe included participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study who underwent monofilament testing at visit 6 (2016–2017). Incident falls and fractures were identified based on ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes from active surveillance of all hospitalizations and linkage to Medicare claims. We used Cox models to assess the association of PN with falls and fractures (combined and as separate outcomes) after adjusting for demographics and risk factors for falls.ResultsThere were 3617 ARIC participants (mean age 79.4 [SD 4.7] years, 40.8% male, and 21.4% Black adults), of whom 1242 (34.3%) had PN based on monofilament testing. During a median follow‐up of 2.5 years, 371 participants had a documented fall, and 475 participants had a documented fracture. The incidence rate (per 1000 person‐years) for falls or fractures for participants with PN versus those without PN was 111.1 versus 74.3 (p < 0.001). The age‐, sex‐, and race‐adjusted 3‐year cumulative incidence of incident fall or fracture was significantly higher for participants with PN versus those without PN (26.5% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for demographics, PN remained independently associated with falls and fractures (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.26, 1.74). Results were similar for models including traditional risk factors for falls, when falls and fractures were analyzed as separate outcomes, and after adjustment for competing risk of death.ConclusionsPN, as measured by monofilament testing, is common in older adults and associated with risk of falls and fracture. Screening with monofilament testing may be warranted to identify older adults at high risk for falls.
Sun exposure, a relevant exposome factor in acne patients and how photoprotection can improve outcomes
Authors: Piquero‐Casals J. , Morgado‐Carrasco D. , Rozas‐Muñoz E. , Mir‐Bonafé J. F. , Trullàs C. , Jourdan E. , Piquero‐Martin J. , Zouboulis C. C. , Krutmann J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcne pathophysiology includes a complex interaction among inflammatory mediators, hyperseborrhea, alteration of keratinization and follicular colonization by Propionibacterium acnes.AimsTo describe the impact of the exposome on acne and how photoprotection can improve outcomes.MethodsA narrative review of the literature was carried out; searches with Google Scholar and Pubmed from January 1992 to November 2022 were performed. The keywords used were “acne,” “sunscreens,” “photoprotection,” “cosmetics,” “cosmeceuticals,” “pathogenesis,” “etiology,” “exposome,” “sunlight,” “stress,” “lack of sleep,” “diet,” “postinflammatory hyperpigmentation,” “pollution,” “exposome,” “ultraviolet radiation,” and “visible light.”ResultsEnvironmental factors such as solar radiation, air pollution, tobacco consumption, psychological stress, diverse microorganisms, nutrition, among others, can trigger or worsen acne. Solar radiation can temporarily improve lesions. However, it can induce proinflammatory and profibrotic responses, and produce post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation and/or post‐inflammatory erythema. While photoprotection is widely recommended to acne patients, only four relevant studies were found. Sunscreens can significantly improve symptomatology or enhance treatment and can prevent post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, they can provide camouflage and improve quality of life. Based on acne pathogenesis, optimal sunscreens should have emollient, antioxidant and sebum controlling properties.ConclusionsThe exposome and solar radiation can trigger or worsen acne. UV light can induce post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation/erythema, and can initiate flares. The use of specifically formulated sunscreens could enhance adherence to topical or systemic therapy, camouflage lesions (tinted sunscreens), decrease inflammation, and reduce the incidence of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation/erythema.
Perceptions of peritonitis risk, prevention, diagnosis and stigma: Findings from a mixed methods study with patients and relatives using peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Baillie Jessica , Gill Paul , Courtenay Molly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeritonitis is the main treatment‐related complication of peritoneal dialysis and a primary concern for patients and their relatives. Therefore, understanding their perceptions of peritonitis is important.ObjectivesTo explore patients' and relatives' perceptions of peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis risk, prevention measures and experiences of diagnosis, and experience of perceived stigma.DesignA sequential mixed methods study design was used, including a questionnaire and semi‐structured interviews.ParticipantsPatients using peritoneal dialysis and relatives (n = 75) from six National Health Service organisations from the United Kingdom.MeasurementsA structured questionnaire was administered with patients and relatives (n = 75) using peritoneal dialysis; data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Thirty questionnaire respondents were then purposively sampled and interviewed in‐depth; data were analysed thematically. Data were collected 2017−2018. Ethical and governance approvals were gained.ResultsQualitative and quantitative analyses were integrated and three themes presented:

Perceptions of risk: participants assessed their risk of developing peritonitis and possible implications on their health and relatives. Participants felt greatly responsible for preventing infection.
Preventing peritonitis: participants reported similar and some differing measures to minimise their risk of developing peritonitis. Participants wanted to be seen as “clean”.
Diagnosis of peritonitis: peritonitis diagnosis was embarrassing and stigmatising for many individuals. This was influenced by the response of healthcare professionals and the cause of peritonitis.ConclusionsIt is important that healthcare professionals are aware of how responsible patients and relatives feel about preventing peritonitis, the emotional effect of this responsibility and crucially the impact this may have on seeking help.
PHOSPHORUS‐STARVATION TOLERANCE 1 (OsPSTOL1) is prevalent in upland rice and enhances root growth and hastens low phosphate signaling in wheat
Authors: Kettenburg Alek T. , Lopez Miguel A. , Yogendra Kalenahalli , Prior Matthew J. , Rose Teresa , Bimson Sabrina , Heuer Sigrid , Roy Stuart J. , Bailey‐Serres Julia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPHOSPHORUS‐STARVATION TOLERANCE 1 (OsPSTOL1) is a variably present gene that benefits crown root growth and phosphorus (P) sufficiency in rice (Oryza sativa). To explore the ecophysiological importance of this gene, we performed a biogeographic survey of landraces and cultivars, confirming that functional OsPSTOL1 alleles prevail in low nutrient and drought‐prone rainfed ecosystems, whereas loss‐of‐function and absence haplotypes predominate in control‐irrigated paddy varieties of east Asia. An evolutionary history analysis of OsPSTOL1 and related genes in cereal, determined it and other genes are kinase‐only domain derivatives of membrane‐associated receptor like kinases. Finally, to evaluate the potential value of this kinase of unknown function in another Gramineae, wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines overexpressing OsPSTOL1 were evaluated under field and controlled low P conditions. OsPSTOL1 enhances growth, crown root number, and overall root plasticity under low P in wheat. Survey of root and shoot crown transcriptomes at two developmental stages identifies transcription factors that are differentially regulated in OsPSTOL1 wheat that are similarly controlled by the gene in rice. In wheat, OsPSTOL1 alters the timing and amplitude of regulators of root development in dry soils and hastens induction of the core P‐starvation response. OsPSTOL1 and related genes may aid more sustainable cultivation of cereal crops.
Incidence of cytomegalovirus DNAemia in pediatric kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients: Efficacy and risk factors associated with failure of weight‐based dosed valganciclovir prophylaxis
Authors: Liverman Rochelle , Serluco Anastacia , Nance Gwen , George Roshan , Rodriguez Dellys Soler , Deshpande Shriprasad , Mao Chad , Garro Rouba , Yildirim Inci 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). Valganciclovir (VGC) is extensively used for prophylaxis. Optimal dosing in children, risk factors for failure, and the impact of dose adjustments on CMV DNAemia is not well established.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study of pediatric SOTR transplanted between 2010–2018 evaluated the epidemiology of CMV DNAemia and used Cox‐regression to assess the risk factors for CMV DNAemia within one‐year following SOTR.ResultsIn 393 pediatric SOTR (heart [96, 24.4%], kidney [180, 45.6%], liver [117, 29.8%]; median age 9.5 ± 0.3 years), overall CMV DNAemia incidence was 6.6/10 000 days (95%CI 5.1/10 000–7.9/10 000) and varied by organ groups: heart 8.2/10 000 days (95%CI 4.9/10 000–11.4/10 000), kidney 5.8/10 000 days (95%CI 3.9/10 000–7.8/10 000), liver 6.2/10 000 days (95%CI 3.7/10 000–8.7/10 000). CMV DNAemia was detected in 75 of 275 (27.2%) patients who received prophylaxis (40 cases occurred during prophylaxis and 35 occurred after completion of prophylaxis). The median VGC dose given according to institutional weight‐based algorithm was approximately 1.5‐fold lower than the manufacturer‐recommended dose. This discordance was more prominent at younger age groups (3.2‐fold lower in <2‐year‐old [100 mg versus 325 mg], 2.5‐fold lower in <6‐year‐old [200 mg versus 447 mg]). Dose reduction due to adverse events was an independent risk factor for breakthrough CMV DNAemia (hazard ratio 2.2, 95%CI 1.2–3.8) among patients with similar age, CMV risk stratification, starting VGC dose, immunosuppressive therapy, and organ group.ConclusionCMV events occurred while on VGC prophylaxis. Weight‐based VGC may prevent supratherapeutic VGC exposure especially in younger children. Dose reduction of VGC prophylaxis for adverse event management places patients at an increased risk for CMV DNAemia suggesting other agents with fewer adverse effects should be considered and need to be studied in children.
A mechanism by which gut microbiota elevates permeability and inflammation in obese/diabetic mice and human gut
Authors: Mishra Sidharth P , Wang Bo , Jain Shalini , Ding Jingzhong , Rejeski Jared , Furdui Cristina M , Kitzman Dalane W , Taraphder Subhash , Brechot Christian , Kumar Ambuj , Yadav Hariom 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveAmple evidence exists for the role of abnormal gut microbiota composition and increased gut permeability (‘leaky gut’) in chronic inflammation that commonly co-occurs in the gut in both obesity and diabetes, yet the detailed mechanisms involved in this process have remained elusive.DesignIn this study, we substantiate the causal role of the gut microbiota by use of faecal conditioned media along with faecal microbiota transplantation. Using untargeted and comprehensive approaches, we discovered the mechanism by which the obese microbiota instigates gut permeability, inflammation and abnormalities in glucose metabolism.ResultsWe demonstrated that the reduced capacity of the microbiota from both obese mice and humans to metabolise ethanolamine results in ethanolamine accumulation in the gut, accounting for induction of intestinal permeability. Elevated ethanolamine increased the expression of microRNA-miR-101a-3pby enhancing ARID3a binding on the miR promoter. IncreasedmiR-101a-3pdecreased the stability of zona occludens-1 (Zo1) mRNA, which in turn, weakened intestinal barriers and induced gut permeability, inflammation and abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Importantly, restoring ethanolamine-metabolising activity in gut microbiota using a novel probiotic therapy reduced elevated gut permeability, inflammation and abnormalities in glucose metabolism by correcting the ARID3a/miR-101a/Zo1axis.ConclusionOverall, we discovered that the reduced capacity of obese microbiota to metabolise ethanolamine instigates gut permeability, inflammation and glucose metabolic dysfunctions, and restoring ethanolamine-metabolising capacity by a novel probiotic therapy reverses these abnormalities.Trial registration numberNCT02869659andNCT03269032.
PSMD3gene mutations cause pathological myopia
Authors: Chen Jing , Lian Ping , Zhao Xiujuan , Li Jun , Yu Xiling , Huang Xia , Chen Shida , Lu Lin 
Published: March 2023

PurposeGenetic factors play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of pathological myopia (PM). However, the exact genetic mechanism of PM remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the candidate mutation of PM in a Chinese family and explore the potential mechanism.MethodsWe performed exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing in a Chinese family and 179 sporadic PM cases. The gene expression in human tissue was investigated by RT-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence. Cell apoptotic rates were tested by annexin V-APC/7AAD and flow cytometry.Psmd3knock-in mice with point mutation were generated for measuring myopia-related parameters.ResultsWe screened a novelPSMD3variant (c.689T>C; p.F230S) in a Chinese family with PM, and another rare mutation (c.1015C>A; p.L339M) was identified in 179 unrelated cases with PM. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of PSMD3 in human eye tissue. Mutation ofPSMD3decreased the mRNA and protein expression, causing apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. In in vivo experiments, the axial length (AL) of mutant mice increased significantly compared with that of wild-type mice (p<0.001).ConclusionsA new potential pathogenic gene,PSMD3, in a PM family was identified, and it may be involved in the elongation of AL and the development of PM.
Randomised controlled trial for the titration of oral corticosteroids using markers of inflammation in severe asthma
Authors: Ramsahai J Michael , Simpson Jodie L , Cook Alistair , Gibson Peter G , McDonald Vanessa , Grainge Christopher , Heaney Liam G , Wark Peter AB 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionBiomarkers are used to select biologic therapies for patients with severe asthma, but not to regularly adjust therapy, especially oral corticosteroids (OCS).ObjectiveOur goal was to test the efficacy of an algorithm to guide the titration of OCS using blood eosinophil count and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels.Design, participants, interventions and settingThis proof-of-concept prospective randomised controlled trial assigned adult participants with severe uncontrolled asthma (n=32) to biomarker-based management (BBM) where OCS dose was adjusted based on a composite biomarker score comprised of blood eosinophil count and FeNO, or a standard best practice (SBP) arm. The study was conducted at the Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia. Participants were recruited from the local Severe Asthma Clinic and were blinded to their study allocation.Main outcomeThe coprimary outcomes were number of severe exacerbations and time to first severe exacerbation assessed over 12 months.ResultsThere was a longer median time to first severe exacerbation with BBM, although not significant (295 vs 123 days, Adj. HR: 0.714; 95% CI: 0.25 to 2.06; p=0.533). The relative risk of a severe exacerbation in BBM (n=17) vs SBP (n=15) was 0.88 (Adj.; 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.62; p=0.675) with a mean exacerbation rate per year of 1.2 and 2.0, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients requiring an emergency department (ED) visit using BBM (OR 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.91; p=0.041). There was no difference in the cumulative OCS dose used between the two groups.ConclusionA treatment algorithm to adjust OCS using blood eosinophil count and FeNO is feasible in a clinical setting and resulted in a reduced odds of an ED visit. This warrants further study to optimise the use of OCS in the future.Trial registration numberThis trial was registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12616001015437).
Proximate Chemical Analysis and Effect of Age and Height of Oxytenanthera abyssinica on Fiber Morphology and Chemical Compositions for Pulp and Paper Production Potential
Authors: Worku Limenew Abate , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Tadesse Mesfin Getachew , Bachheti Archana 
Published: March 2023

This study examined the chemical composition, fiber morphology, and physical properties of Oxytenanthera abyssinica culm to assess its pulping potential. Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) and Franklin’s methods have been used for experiments. The statistical analysis showed that the chemical composition of O. abyssinica is influenced by the age of the plant. The amount of cellulose in the culm increases with age, while hand extractive content decreases with age. The average chemical content of the three years aged O. abyssinica was

49.26
±
0.13

wt%,

21.31
±
0.15

wt%, and

20.63
±
0.12

wt% for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents, respectively. A significant difference exists between 1, 2, and 3-year aged plants (

P
<
0.05

) in cellulose, lignin, ash, and extractive content. The position of the culm also affects the fiber morphology of O. abyssinica. The fiber’s length, diameter, cell wall thickness, and lumen diameter increase from top to bottom, whereas the flexibility and slenderness ratio decrease. The average fiber morphology of O. abyssinica was flexibility ratio (

0.72
±
0.10

), Runkel ratio (

0.35
±
0.10

), slenderness ratio (

109.98
±
0.21

), lumen diameter (

15.63
±
0.03

μm), cell wall thickness (

2.74
±
0.03

μm), fiber length (

2.40
±
0.10

mm), and fiber diameter (

21.83
±
0.09

μm). The above data showed that the mean value of the fiber length of the plant is greater than 1.5 mm, the Runkel ratio was less than 1, and the slenderness ratio was greater than 70 standard values. The result also showed that the average bulk density and the moisture content were 660 kg/m3 and 9.6%, respectively. Although O. abyssinica is widely grown in the study area, no comprehensive studies have been carried out on fiber morphology, chemical composition, and physical properties based on age and height. Thus, this research was carried out to study the plant’s fiber characteristics to assess its suitability for pulp and paper production. Based on the above data, the 3-year aged bottom part of O. abyssinica is recommended for more yield pulp and high-quality paper production than the first and second-year aged plant.
Race, Ethnicity, and the Case for Intersectional Water Security
Authors: Harrington Cameron , Montana Phellecitus , Schmidt Jeremy J. , Swain Ashok 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This Forum article reports on a meta-review of more than 19,000 published works on water security, of which less than 1 percent explicitly focus on race or ethnicity. This is deeply concerning, because it indicates that race and ethnicity—crucial factors that affect the provision of safe, reliable water—continue to be ignored in academic and policy literatures. In response to this finding the Forum calls for building intersectional water security frameworks that recognize how empirical drivers of social and environmental inequality vary both within and across groups. Intersectional frameworks of water security can retain policy focus on the key material concerns regarding access, safety, and the distribution of water-related risks. They can also explicitly incorporate issues of race and ethnicity alongside other vectors of inequality to address key, overlooked concerns of water security.
Evaluation of the Ice Particle Simulation of Microphysics Schemes with Aircraft Measurements of a Stratiform Cloud in North China
Authors: Hua Shaofeng , Chen Baojun , Liu Yubao , Chen Gang , Yang Yang , Dong Xiaobo , Zhao Zhen , Gao Yang , Zhou Xu , Zhang Rong , Duan Jing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Airborne microphysical measurements of a frontal precipitation event in North China were used to evaluate five microphysics schemes for predicting the bulk properties of ice particles. They are the Morrison and Thompson schemes, which use predetermined categories, the 1-ice- and 2-ice-category configurations of the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) scheme and the Ice-Spheroids Habit Model with Aspect-Ratio Evolution (ISHMAEL) scheme, which model the evolution of particle properties, and the spectral bin fast version (SBM_fast) microphysics scheme within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. WRF simulations with these schemes successfully reproduced the observed temperature and the liquid and total water content profiles at corresponding times and locations, allowing for a credible comparison of the predictions of particle properties with the aircraft measurements. The simulated results with the 1-ice-category P3 scheme are in good agreement with the observations for all the particle properties we examined. The 2-ice-category P3 scheme overestimates the spectrum width and underestimates the number concentration, which can be alleviated by reducing the ice collection efficiency. The simulation with the SBM_fast scheme deviates from the observed ice particle size distributions since the mass–diameter relationship of snow-sized particles adopted in this scheme may not be applicable to this stratiform cloud case.
Winter Precipitation Responses to Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss and Global Ocean Warming and Their Opposing Influences over the Northeast Atlantic Region
Authors: Yu Hao , Screen James A. , Hay Stephanie , Catto Jennifer L. , Xu Mian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Using a large ensemble of simulations from the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) and phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we compare the response of winter-mean precipitation and daily extremes across the Northern Hemisphere to future Arctic sea ice loss and global ocean warming. The North Atlantic is simulated to become drier in response to future Arctic sea ice loss, with reduced precipitation intensity and more dry days. A wetting response to sea ice loss is simulated over the midlatitude Atlantic Ocean. These responses are robust across the eight models analyzed, albeit with differences in their magnitude and spatial pattern. The precipitation response to global ocean warming is broadly opposite in sign, but larger in magnitude, compared to the response to sea ice loss, over these regions. The precipitation responses to both sea ice loss and ocean warming are strongly related to coincident changes in storm density and intensity. More specifically, there is an equatorward shift of the North Atlantic storm track in response to sea ice loss, and a northeastern extension of the North Atlantic storm track and a weakening of the Mediterranean storm track in response to ocean warming. The linear combination of the responses of future Arctic sea ice loss and global ocean warming explain well the spatial pattern of the precipitation change at 2°C global warming projected in CMIP6. Our results suggest that the projected future precipitation change over the North Atlantic reflects a “tug of war” between Arctic sea ice loss and global ocean warming, but the latter dominates over the former.