bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different mechanisms underpin the decline in growth of anchovies and sardines of the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Boëns Andy , Ernande Bruno , Petitgas Pierre , Lebigre Christophe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeclines in individuals' growth in exploited fish species are generally attributed to evolutionary consequences of size‐selective fishing or to plastic responses due to constraints set by changing environmental conditions dampening individuals' growth. However, other processes such as growth compensation and non‐directional selection can occur and their importance on the overall phenotypic response of exploited populations has largely been ignored. Using otolith growth data collected in European anchovy and sardine of the Bay of Biscay (18 cohorts from 2000 to 2018), we parameterized the breeder's equation to determine whether declines in size‐at‐age in these species were due to an adaptive response (i.e. related to directional or non‐directional selection differentials within parental cohorts) or a plastic response (i.e. related to changes in environmental). We found that growth at age‐0 in anchovy declined between parents and their offspring when biomass increased and the selective disappearance of large individuals was high in parents. Therefore, an adaptive response probably occurred in years with high fishing effort and the large increase in biomass after the collapse of this stock maintained this adaptive response subsequently. In sardine offspring, higher growth at age‐0 was associated with increasing biomass between parents and offspring, suggesting a plastic response to a bottom‐up process (i.e. a change in food quantity or quality). Parental cohorts in which selection favoured individuals with high growth compensation produced offspring high catch up growth rates, which may explain the smaller decline in growth in sardine relative to anchovy. Finally, on non‐directional selection differentials were not significantly related to the changes in growth at age‐0 and growth compensation at age‐1 in both species. Although anchovy and sardine have similar ecologies, the mechanisms underlying the declines in their growth are clearly different. The consequences of the exploitation of natural populations could be long lasting if density‐dependent processes follow adaptive changes.
Molecular characteristics in Chinese with chronic lymphocytic leukemia by next‐generation sequencing: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Cao Yanglin , Chen Yan , Tao Tingting , Gong Yanlei , Xu Chao , Cen Jiannong , Shen Hongjie , Pan Jinlan , Chen Suning , Yao Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the prevalence of Asian chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients is not as high as that of Caucasians, there are more atypical CLLs in Asia whose genetic characteristics and their clinical significance are distinct and remain unclear.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 85 CLL samples in our center was conducted from 2019 to 2022. We used next‐generation sequencing with a 172 gene panel to explore the multi‐gene mutational data and the mutational status of immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene.ResultsMYD88 (20.0%) was the most frequently mutated gene, much higher than in Europe, followed in order by TP53 (18.8%), NOTCH1 (14.1%), IGLL5 (11.8%), and DNMT3A (8.2%). In addition, the incidence of ATM and SF3B1 mutations was relatively lower in our centre compared to Europe. Mutated (M)‐IGHV patients were more likely to have a cooccurrence of MYD88 mutation, while complex karyotype and DNMT3A mutation were more common in the unmutated (U)‐IGHV group. MYD88 mutated CLL was characterized by prevalence in young males in high‐risk staging, with isolated 13q deletion and concomitant mutation of IGLL5. CLL patients with MYD88 and TP53 mutation showed an unfavorable prognosis.ConclusionThese results would be valuable in helping to understand the characteristics and significance of cytogenetic genetics in Chinese patients with CLL.
The resolution of phagosomes
Authors: Mylvaganam Sivakami , Freeman Spencer A. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPhagocytosis is a fundamental immunobiological process responsible for the removal of harmful particulates. While the number of phagocytic events achieved by a single phagocyte can be remarkable, exceeding hundreds per day, the same phagocytic cells are relatively long‐lived. It should therefore be obvious that phagocytic meals must be resolved in order to maintain the responsiveness of the phagocyte and to avoid storage defects. In this article, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the resolution process, including solute transport pathways and membrane traffic. We describe how products liberated in phagolysosomes support phagocyte metabolism and the immune response. We also speculate on mechanisms involved in the redistribution of phagosomal metabolites back to circulation. Finally, we highlight the pathologies owed to impaired phagosome resolution, which range from storage disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.
Impacts of three approaches on collaborative knowledge building, group performance, behavioural engagement, and socially shared regulation in online collaborative learning
Authors: Zheng Lanqin , Fan Yunchao , Huang Zichen , Gao Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOnline collaborative learning has been widely adopted in the field of education. However, learners often find it difficult to engage in collaboratively building knowledge and jointly regulating online collaborative learning.ObjectivesThe study compared the impacts of the three learning approaches on collaborative knowledge building, group performance, socially shared regulation, behavioural engagement, and cognitive load in an online collaborative learning context. The first is the automatic construction of knowledge graphs (CKG) approach, the second is the automatic analysis of topic distribution (ATD) approach, and the third one is the traditional online collaborative learning (OCL) approach without any analytic feedback.MethodsA total of 144 college students participated in a quasi‐experimental study, where 48 students learned with the CKG approach, 48 students used the ATD approach, and the remaining 48 students adopted the OCL approach.Results and ConclusionsThe findings revealed that the CKG approach could encourage collaborative knowledge building, socially shared regulation, and behavioural engagement in building knowledge better than the ATD and OCL approaches. Both the CKG and ATD approaches could better improve group performance than the OCL approach. Furthermore, the CKG approach did not increase learners' cognitive load, but the ATD approach did.ImplicationsThis study has theoretical and practical implications for utilising learning analytics in online collaborative learning. Furthermore, deep neural network models are powerful for constructing knowledge graphs and analysing topic distribution.
PTCH/SMO gene mutations in odontogenic keratocysts and drug interventions
Authors: Wang Shan , Hong Yingying , Qu Jiafei , Zhang Jianyun , Zhang Yuhao , Zhai Jiemei , Li Tiejun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOdontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are odontogenic jaw lesions that cause destruction and dysfunction of the jawbone. OKCs can be sporadic or associated with nevoid basic cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). However, the factors that initiate OKCs and the mechanism of cyst formation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of PTCH1 and SMO mutations on disease progression, as well as the effects of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway inhibitors GDC‐0449 and GANT61 on OKC fibroblasts.MethodsEight sporadic OKC fibroblasts without gene mutations were used as the control, and six NBCCS‐related fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. The effect of PTCH1 non‐truncated mutation 3499G>A (p.G1167R) and SMO c.2081C>G (p.P694R) mutation on OKC fibroblast proliferation was examined by EdU assay. CCK8 and wound‐healing assays detected the effects of OKC fibroblasts carrying PTCH1 c.3499G>A (p.G1167R) and SMO c.2081C>G (p.P694R) mutations on the proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells after co‐culture. Quantitative real‐time PCR detected the effects of GDC‐0449 or GANT61 on the SHH signaling pathway in NBCCS‐related OKCs with PTCH1 truncated mutations and PTCH1 c.3499G>A (p.G1167R) and/or SMO c.2081C>G (p.P694R) mutations.ResultsPTCH1 c.3499G>A (p.G1167R) and SMO c.2081C>G (p.P694R) promoted the proliferation of OKC fibroblasts. The proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells were affected by NBCCS‐related OKC fibroblasts carrying PTCH1 c.3499G>A (p.G1167R) and SMO c.2081C>G (p.P694R) mutations. GDC‐0449 significantly inhibited the SHH signaling pathway in NBCCS‐related OKC fibroblasts with PTCH1 truncated mutations. An NBCCS‐related OKC carrying PTCH1 c.3499G>A (p.G1167R) and SMO c.2081C>G (p.P694R) mutations were resistant to GDC‐0449 but inhibited by GANT61.ConclusionsGenetic mutations in OKC fibroblasts may affect the biological behavior of epithelial and stromal cells and cause disease. GDC‐0449 could be used to treat OKCs, especially NBCCS‐related OKCs with PTCH1 truncated mutations. SMO c.2081C>G (p.P694R) may lead to resistance to GDC‐0449; however, GANT61 may be used as an alternative inhibitor.
Lessons Learned from an Academic Partnership to Review Pennsylvania Network for Student Assistance Services' Annual Survey
Authors: Sekhar Deepa L. , Schaefer Eric W. , Hoke Alicia M. , Rosen Perri , Chuzie Roberta A. , Milakovic Dana M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONPennsylvania's Student Assistance Program (SAP) began in the mid‐1980s to address student barriers to academic success. SAP teams, groups of trained school and community professionals, review referrals, and connect students to services. State leadership conducts an annual SAP team survey, but capacity to evaluate data and affect change is limited. In 2020, leadership partnered with [institution name] to collaboratively review the survey data.METHODSFrequencies and percentages were calculated. Open responses were coded. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between SAP team size, team meeting frequency, and team maintenance.RESULTSThe 2019 to 2020 survey had 1003 respondents. Median number of SAP team members was 8 (range 1‐21). The majority (54%) indicated their SAP team met once per week/cycle for 30 to 90+ minutes. Larger teams met more often. Annual team maintenance occurred for 38% of teams, and was more common for larger teams. SAP team members identified mental health (68%), trauma (44%), and parent engagement (36%) as top training needs.CONCLUSIONSAn academic partnership successfully provided the capacity to review SAP survey responses, and informed evidenced‐based discussion of best practice guidelines and realignment of staff professional development opportunities.
Tool use involving a different prey type, microhabitat and location, and long‐term anvil use, by the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus (De Vis 1885)
Authors: Pryor Kimberley Jane , Milton Ashley Monique 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTool use is a remarkable animal behaviour, and the investigation of this phenomenon in fishes is a relatively new and growing field. The graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus (De Vis 1885) has previously been documented using anvils but the extent and variability of this tool‐use behaviour remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether C. graphicus breaks open crustaceans and/or sea urchins on anvils in different microhabitats and/or locations. We also inspected two previously identified anvils for evidence of long‐term anvil use. Three individual C. graphicus were observed breaking open sea urchins on dead coral anvils in a coral rubble microhabitat at Île aux Canards, New Caledonia. They produced visual and auditory cues while carrying out tool‐use behaviour and these cues often attracted attendant fishes. Notably, two anvils appeared to have been used by one or more tool‐using C. graphicus for years at Îlot Maître, New Caledonia. These findings suggest that tool‐use behaviour is both innate and learned and is a prey‐handling method of choice used by individuals that learn to specialise in large prey items from a few underutilised hard‐shelled prey species. Furthermore, the findings show that specific anvils can be used long‐term and also suggest that individual wrasses may carry out tool‐use behaviour long‐term. The study provides new insights into the feeding ecology and social behaviour of C. graphicus and underscores the need to further investigate the extent and variability of tool use in fishes.
Freedom and social practices
Authors: Christman John 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe central idea of this article is that social freedom should range over socially constituted practices and ways of life rather than merely individual actions or aggregations of such actions. To be free, it is argued, is to be capable of pursuing opportunities to engage in socially constituted practices and ways of living that one has reason to value from the point of view of one's practical identity (or identities). The implication of this position is that supporting social freedom must involve positive support of those social relations that constitute those practices and ways of life. Hence negative freedom views, such as liberal or republican accounts, are incomplete as conceptions of the kind of freedom that is so deeply valued within democratic cultures as well as in liberation struggles against social systems where freedom is systematically denied.
Age‐related changes in scalp biophysical parameters: A comparative analysis of the 20s and 50s age groups
Authors: Lee Young In , Kim Jemin , Park Sae Rom , Ham Seoyoon , Lee Hyo Jin , Park Chae Rin , Kim Hyun Na , Kang Byung Ha , Jung Inhee , Suk Jang Mi , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related changes in scalp parameters affect hair quality and scalp condition. However, detailed data on biophysical parameters of the scalp across age groups remain scarce. We aimed to investigate the differences in scalp parameters between individuals in their 20s and 50s and analyze their sex‐specific variations.Materials and methodsTwo hundred participants (160 women and 40 men) were equally divided into 20s and 50s age groups. Biophysical parameters of the scalp, including elasticity, pH, trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum production, desquamation, firmness, redness, and yellowness, were measured in the vertex, occipital, and temporal regions. Hair density and thickness were measured in the temporal region. The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the skin was noninvasively measured in a subset of 60 women.ResultsSkin firmness and redness increased with age in women, whereas yellowness increased with age in both sexes. Sebum production and pH levels were significantly lower in the 50s age group than in the 20s age group, particularly in women. TEWL was lower in men in their 50s than in those in their 20s, particularly in the occipital region. A significant reduction in hair density was observed in the 50s age group in both sexes. AGE accumulation in the skin increased with age and was correlated with scalp skin yellowness.ConclusionAge‐related changes in scalp parameters have important implications for hair health and scalp condition. These findings emphasize the importance of considering age and sex when developing hair care strategies.
Envisioning future roles: How women medical students navigate the figured world of medical school
Authors: Blalock A. Emiko , Miao Sanfeng , Wentworth Chelsea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWomen medical students experience tensions as they learn to become doctors. These tensions reflect the cultural world of medical school and clinical medicine, spaces that are highly gendered, racist and exclusionary. This study describes how women medical students are envisioning themselves as future doctors during their first 2 years of medical school while experiencing these tensions.MethodsUsing Figured Worlds theory, this qualitative study focused on four participants from a larger longitudinal study. Each participant was interviewed four times over a 2‐year period using narrative methodology and provided multiple written reflections during their first year of medical school. Analysis was performed using deductive methods reflecting Figured Worlds theory.ResultsParticipants offered storied experiences about how they understood their place in the figured world, ways they enacted agency and how they responded to contradictions they encountered in medical school as they learned to become doctors. These three findings reflect concepts of Figured Worlds theory: positionality and discourse, power and agency, and improvisation. These findings also illuminate ways women medical students are navigating gendered and hierarchical structures of medical school to reimagine their roles in medicine.ConclusionParticipants' stories illuminate that woman medical students' lived experiences shaped their decision to enter medical school and continue to shape how they navigate their educational experience. These interactions have implications for their future roles as physicians and how medical schools respond to cultures of teaching and learning that may not recognise these students' positionality and potential agency in medical school and clinical medicine.
Variable flip angle T1 mapping and multi‐echo T2 and T2* mapping magnetic resonance imaging sequences allow quantitative assessment of canine lumbar disc degeneration
Authors: Bouhsina Nora , Tur Léa , Hardel Jean‐Baptiste , Madec Stéphane , Rouleau Dominique , Etienne Floriane , Guicheux Jérôme , Clouet Johann , Fusellier Marion 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for diagnosing intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration in dogs. However, published methods for quantifying severity or progression of IVD degeneration are currently limited. Mapping MRI sequences are used in humans for quantifying IVD degeneration but have rarely been applied in dogs. The objective of this prospective, method comparison study was to evaluate variable flip angle T1 mapping and multiecho T2 and T2* mapping as methods for quantifying canine lumbar IVD degeneration in twenty canine patients without clinical signs of spinal disease. Ventral and dorsal lumbar IVD widths were measured on radiographs, and lumbar IVDs were assigned a qualitative Pfirrmann grade based on standard T2‐weighted sequences. T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times of the nucleus pulposus (NP) were measured on corresponding maps using manual‐drawn ROIs. Strong intra‐ and interrater agreements were found (P < 0.01) for NP relaxation times. Radiographic IVD widths and T1, T2, and T2* mapping NP relaxation times were negatively correlated with Pfirrmann grading (P < 0.01). Significant differences in T1 NP relaxation times were found between Pfirrmann grade I and the other grades (P < 0.01). Significant differences in T2 and T2* NP relaxation times were found between grade I and the other grades and between grades II and III (P < 0.01). Findings indicated that T1, T2, and T2* MRI mapping sequences are feasible in dogs. Measured NP relaxation times were repeatable and decreased when Pfirrmann grades increased. These methods may be useful for quantifying the effects of regenerative treatment interventions in future longitudinal studies.
Sural nerve effects on medial gastrocnemius motoneurones in the cat
Authors: Colebatch J. G. , Gillies J. D. 
Published: August 2023

1. Excitability cycles for medial gastrocnemius motoneurones were recorded following sural nerve stimuli with amplitudes of 1·5, 3, 5, 10 and 40 times the nerve threshold. The monosynaptic reflex was time‐integrated to quantify the motoneuronal output and some implications of this technique are discussed. In particular it is calculated that this method specifically examines the 15‐25% most excitable motoneurones of the medial gastrocnemius pool.2. In most cases high amplitude stimulation of the sural nerve caused a triphasic (excitatory—inhibitory—excitatory) change in excitability. Arguments are given to support the conclusion that this represents a corresponding post‐synaptic alteration in medial gastrocnemius motoneurone potential. It is concluded that this pattern illustrates the nature of the sural nerve projections to this portion of the medial gastrocnemius pool.3. The first period of excitation began after a latency, corrected to be compatible with intracellular recordings, of 2·8 ms and had a mean duration of 4·0 ms. The minimum stimulus level necessary for this effect lay between 1·5 and 3 times the nerve threshold. The maximum amplitude of this facilitation occurred with stimuli of 3‐5 times threshold and was 60‐90% of the amplitude of the monosynaptic facilitation which followed stimulation of the lateral gastrocnemius‐soleus nerve.4. A period of inhibition followed immediately after the period of excitation and had a mean duration of 16 ms. The minimum stimulus level necessary for this effect lay between 1·5 and 3 times the nerve threshold and the degree of inhibition increased with stimuli up to 40 times threshold.5. The second period of excitation lasted a mean period of 50 ms and was due to activity in high threshold fibres. On average its amplitude was 50% that of the initial excitation.6. Exceptions to this triphasic variation of excitability were found. This result is interpreted as indicating the presence of projections with opposing actions which were simultaneously activated by sural stimuli.
Hematological Adaptations Following a Training Camp in Hot and/or Hypoxic Conditions in Elite Rugby Union Players
Authors: Périard Julien D. , Girard Olivier , Townsend Nathan , Bourdon Pitre , Cocking Scott , Ihsan Mohammed , Lacome Mathieu , Nichols David , Travers Gavin , Wilson Mathew G. , Piscione Julien , Racinais Sebastien 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effects of a training camp with heat and/or hypoxia sessions on hematological and thermoregulatory adaptations. Methods: Fifty-six elite male rugby players completed a 2-week training camp with 5 endurance and 5 repeated-sprint sessions, rugby practice, and resistance training. Players were separated into 4 groups: CAMP trained in temperate conditions at sea level, HEAT performed the endurance sessions in the heat, ALTI slept and performed the repeated sprints at altitude, and H + A was a combination of the heat and altitude groups. Results: Blood volume across all groups increased by 140 mL (95%CI, 42–237; P = .006) and plasma volume by 97 mL (95%CI 28–167; P = .007) following the training camp. Plasma volume was 6.3% (0.3% to 12.4%) higher in HEAT than ALTI (P = .034) and slightly higher in HEAT than H + A (5.6% [−0.3% to 11.7%]; P = .076). Changes in hemoglobin mass were not significant (P = .176), despite a ∼1.2% increase in ALTI and H + A and a ∼0.7% decrease in CAMP and HEAT. Peak rectal temperature was lower during a postcamp heat-response test in HEAT (0.3 °C [0.1–0.5]; P = .010) and H + A (0.3 °C [0.1–0.6]; P = .005). Oxygen saturation upon waking was lower in ALTI (3% [2% to 5%]; P < .001) and H + A (4% [3% to 6%]; P < .001) than CAMP and HEAT. Conclusion: Although blood and plasma volume increased following the camp, sleeping at altitude impeded the increase when training in the heat and only marginally increased hemoglobin mass. Heat training induced adaptations commensurate with partial heat acclimation; however, combining heat training and altitude training and confinement during a training camp did not confer concomitant hematological adaptations.