bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Consequences of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glycemic Homeostasis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Chen Jie , Yuan Shuai , Fu Tian , Ruan Xixian , Qiao Jie , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Xue , Gill Dipender , Burgess Stephen , Giovannucci Edward L. , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVEWe conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the associations of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits with gastrointestinal diseases (GDs).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSUncorrelated genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes (n = 231), fasting insulin (n = 38), fasting glucose (n = 71), and hemoglobin A1c (n = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with 23 common GDs were obtained from the FinnGen and UK Biobank studies and other large consortia.RESULTSGenetic liability to type 2 diabetes was associated with the risk of 12 GDs. Per 1-unit increase in the log-transformed odds ratio (OR) of type 2 diabetes, the OR was 1.06 (95% CI, 1.03–1.09) for gastroesophageal reflux disease, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.07–1.17) for gastric ulcer, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.03–1.20) for acute gastritis, 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01–1.13) for chronic gastritis, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03–1.12) for irritable bowel syndrome, 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01–1.07) for diverticular disease, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02–1.14) for acute pancreatitis, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05–1.12) for cholelithiasis, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05–1.13) for cholelithiasis with cholecystitis, 1.29 (95% CI, 1.17–1.43) for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03–1.21) for liver cirrhosis, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89–0.97) for ulcerative colitis. Genetically predicted higher levels of fasting insulin and glucose were associated with six and one GDs, respectively.CONCLUSIONSAssociations were found between genetic liability to type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of a broad range of GDs, highlighting the importance of GD prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Gastrointestinal Consequences of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glycemic Homeostasis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Chen Jie , Yuan Shuai , Fu Tian , Ruan Xixian , Qiao Jie , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Xue , Gill Dipender , Burgess Stephen , Giovannucci Edward L. , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: February 2023

<p> </p>
<p><strong>OBJECTIVE</strong></p>
<p>We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the associations of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits with gastrointestinal diseases (GDs). </p>
<p><strong>RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS</strong></p>
<p>Uncorrelated genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes (n=231), fasting insulin (n=38), fasting glucose (n=71), and hemoglobin A1c (n=75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with 23 common GDs were obtained from the FinnGen and UK Biobank studies, and other large consortia. </p>
<p><strong>RESULTS</strong></p>
<p>Genetic liability to type 2 diabetes was associated with the risk of 12 GDs. Per one-unit increase in log-transformed odds ratio of type 2 diabetes, the odds ratio was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.09) for gastroesophageal reflux disease, 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.17) for gastric ulcer, 1.11 (95% CI 1.03-1.20) for acute gastritis, 1.07 (95% CI 1.01-1.13) for chronic gastritis, 1.08 (95% CI 1.03-1.12) for irritable bowel syndrome, 1.04 (95% CI 1.01-1.07) for diverticular disease, 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.14) for acute pancreatitis, 1.09 (95% CI 1.05-1.12) for cholelithiasis, 1.09 (95% CI 1.05-1.13) for cholelithiasis with cholecystitis, 1.29 (95% CI 1.17-1.43) for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 1.12 (95% CI 1.03-1.21) for liver cirrhosis, and 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.97) for ulcerative colitis. Genetically predicted higher levels of fasting insulin and glucose were associated with 6 and 1 GDs, respectively.</p>
<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong></p>
<p>This study found associations between genetic liability to type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of a broad range of GDs, highlighting the importance of GD prevention in type 2 diabetes patients. </p>
Video Pembelajaran Menggunakan Model ADDIE pada Tematik Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Tesalonika  , Desak Putu Parmiti  , I Gde Wawan Sudatha  
Published: February 2023

Beberapa kegiatan pembelajaran tidak berjalan secara maksimal yang disebabkan karena guru kurang mampu mengembangkan media digital yang membantu meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan video pembelajaran menggunakan model ADDIE pada tematik kelas III SD. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek uji coba yaitu 1 ahli materi pembelajaran, 1 ahli desain pembelajaran, dan 1 ahli media pembelajaran. Subjek uji coba yaitu siswa yang berjumlah 12. Metode pengumpulan data dengan pencatatan dokumen, kuesioner, dan wawancara. Instrument pengumpulan data berupa lembar pencatatan dokumen dan kuesionerTeknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian yaitu penilaian yang diberikan dari ahli materi pembelajaran yaitu 92% (sangat baik), ahli desain pembelajaran yaitu 92,72% (sangat baik), dan ahli media pembelajaran yaitu 90,77 (sangat baik). Hasil uji coba perorangan yaitu 91% (sangat baik) dan kelompok kecil yaitu 93,47% (sangat baik). Disimpulkan bahwa video pembelajaran layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran Tematik.
The Influence of the Work Environment, Commitment and Personality of UMKM on the Loyalty of Human Resources Through The Performance of UMKM in Klambir V Kebun Village
Authors: Sebayang Saimara AM , Ario Firman , Taufik Mahful 
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of the work environment, commitment, personality of UMKM on HR loyalty through UMKM performance. The research was conducted in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. This type of research is associative research with quantitative descriptive method. The number of samples studied in this study were 50 respondents who were UMKM actors. Data analysis was carried out through PLS-SEM using the SmartPLS v. program. 3. The results of direct effect research show that the work environment, commitment and personality of UMKM have a positive and significant effect on UMKM performance. The personality of UMKM has a positive and significant effect on HR loyalty. The work environment has no positive and insignificant effect on HR loyalty. UMKM performance has a positive and significant effect on HR loyalty. While the results of the indirect effect research show that the work environment, commitment and personality of UMKM have a positive and significant effect on HR loyalty through UMKM performance.
Sars-Cov-2 RNA and Spesific Antibodies in Breast Milk, Should Mother Breastfeeding? : A Literature Review
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Kalista Riski , Izzati Dwi 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Covid-19 is becoming a serious problem worldwide. The spread of disease occurs very quickly, viral mutations are fast and massive. Rules and guidelines change rapidly. WHO and UNICEF recommend exclusive breastfeeding, even though mothers are confirmed because the benefits are considered greater than the risks. The aim of this study are to answer questions, about whether this virus can transmit vertically through breast milk, and how to properly guide the breastfeeding process in the pandemic. Methods: The source of this literature review is accessed through Scopus, PubMed, and various reputable websites published in 2019-2021. Article search by keyword usage, inclusion criteria and exclusion. Results: 508 articles filtered to prove that the source used is viable and relevant, finally determined 12 articles. The prevalence of Covid-19 incidence in neonates from confirmed mothers was reported in some studies but there is no evidence that transmission is vertical through breast milk. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is found in some reports but there is nothing to confirm whether it is an active virus or just remnants of RNA that cannot infect. Beside RNA, Sars-Cov-2 specific antibodies were also found to protect neonates. Conclusion: Active transmission of Covid-19 vertically from breast milk has not been detected, should not be an indication of formula feeding or separation baby with mother. The findings of IgA, IgG, and IgM-specific antibodies can be passive protection, because until now no vaccination has been recommended for neonate groups.
Evaluation of root repair using an environmental scanning electron microscope after intentional contact with microscrew
Authors: Patil Gaurang Suresh , Deshmukh Sonali Vijay , Das Arundhati 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of root repair that took place at varying intervals of 1 day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after intentional contact with microscrews. The results were evaluated by an environmental scanning electron microscope study (E-SEM).

Material and Methods:
Ten orthodontic patients with 2 maxillary and 2 mandibular first premolars (40 premolars) to be extracted as part of the orthodontic treatment were included in this study (age 18–25 years). The position of the roots of the 4 premolars to be extracted was clinically determined and under local anesthesia, microscrew implants were placed in such a way that they directly hit the root from the buccal aspect. Implants were removed immediately after the above-mentioned procedure was performed. On the same day, premolar of the 1st quadrant (Group I) was extracted. Premolar of the 2nd quadrant (Group II) was extracted 2 weeks later. Premolar of the 3rd quadrant (Group III) was extracted 4 weeks later and premolar of the 4th quadrant (Group IV) was extracted 8 weeks later, from the day of intentional damage.

Results:
Significant changes were observed in the deposition of cementum over 8 weeks which were analyzed using ESEM under magnifications of × 50, × 200, × 500, and × 5000.

Conclusion:
The damaged root surfaces due to intentional contact with microscrews showed swift repair and healing within 8 weeks. In case, the root is damaged due to improper placement technique or wrong biomechanics which may result in the implant touching the root surface, a minimum healing period of 8–10 weeks is advocated before commencing further tooth movement.
STRUCTURAL AND GEODYNAMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE KUSHCHEVSKAYA STRUCTURE (KUSHCHEVSKOE UGS)
Authors: Казанкова Э.Р. , Корнилова Н.В. 
Published: February 2023

Проведено структурирование геологической среды Кущевской геологической структуры (подземного хранилища газа). Установлены: участки неустойчивого состояния геолого-геофизической среды; возможной локализации газа; направления возможных вертикальных и латеральных перетоков газа.
The geological environment of the Kushchevskaya geological structure (underground gas storage) has been structured. The following areas have been identified: areas of unstable state of the geological and geophysical environment; possible localization of gas; directions of possible vertical and lateral gas flows.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Puisi Melalui Media Kisah Kepahlawanan Tokoh Wayang pada Siswa Kelas V SD 2 Panjangrejo Pundong Bantul
Authors: Yunianta Rohmat Dwi , Ichsan Ahmad Shofiyuddin 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis puisi melalui media kisah kepahlawanan tokoh wayang pada siswa kelas V SD 2 Panjangrejo, Pundong, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data diperoleh dengan pedoman pengamatan, catatan lapangan, angket, wawancara dan tes. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi angket, lembar pengamatan, catatan lapangan, lembar penilaian keterampilan menulis puisi, dan dokumentasi kegiatan. Teknik analisisnya mencakup proses tindakan kelas yang dilakukan secara kualitatif dan analisis hasil tindakan yang berupa skor secara kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kualitas proses dan produk. Pada siklus I antusiasme siswa mulai terlihat dan lebih bersemangat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Pada siklus II antusiasme siswa lebih terlihat jelas dan mereka juga lebih bersemangat jika dibanding pada siklus I. Peningkatan secara produk dapat dilihat dari peningkatan nilai hasil menulis puisi siswa pada setiap siklus. Peningkatan hasil atau produk dapat dilihat dari perbandingan nilai rata-rata kemampuan menulis puisi siswa pada setiap siklus. Nilai rata-rata siswa pada tahap pratindakan adalah 55,40; pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 68,06; dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 78,34. Peningkatan nilai dari pratindakan ke siklus I adalah 12,66; dan dari siklus I ke siklus II meningkat menjadi 10,28. Dengan demikian, kemampuan menulis puisi siswa kelas V SD 2 Panjangrejo, Pundong, Bantul telah mengalami peningkatan baik secara proses maupun produk setelah diberi tindakan dengan menggunakan media kisah kepahlawanan tokoh wayang.
Development of Paediatric Medicines: Key Risk Factors and Non-clinical Research Programmes
Authors: Engalycheva G. N. , Syubaev R. D. 
Published: February 2023

The lack of approved paediatric medicines is a global problem. Since paediatric patients are a high-risk group, a developer of paediatric medicines needs to evaluate and minimise unjustified risks early in the development process.The aim of the study was to analyse the current regulatory and methodological framework for non-clinical research and identify key risk factors that need addressing in paediatric drug development in order to substantiate the safety of children. One of the main objectives of non-clinical safety assessment of a medicinal product intended for children is to identify undesirable effects on child growth and development. According to national and international methodological guidelines, the developer may obtain the most valuable information to decide whether it is safe to enrol children into a clinical trial from the safety data collected in clinical studies in adult subjects. If the safety data available from studies in mature animals and adult subjects are insufficient to evaluate the safety of the clinical trial for paediatric patients, the developer may consider conducting non-clinical studies in immature (juvenile) animals. A paediatric non-clinical testing programme should be in line with a comprehensive significance assessment of key risk factors carried out on a case-by-case basis using weight-of-evidence (WoE) analysis. The conclusion on the safety of a medicinal product for children should be based on risk assessment in relevant clinical and non-clinical studies.
Analisis Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Materi Bentuk Aljabar dengan Menggunakan Three Tier Test
Authors: Sukardi Ernawati , Gaffar Abdul , Mahmud Randy Saputra , Ramadanti Andi Vitrah 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini ialah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan maksud untuk menganalisis miskonsepsi yang dialami siswa pada materi bentuk aljabar serta penyebab miskonsepsi siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 22 Barru. Subjek penelitian ini ada 6 siswa yaitu 2 siswa <em>false positive</em>, 2 siswa <em>false negative</em> dan 2 siswa Miskonsepsi. Instrumen penelitian ini yaitu soal tes pilihan ganda dalam bentuk <em>three tier</em> <em>test</em> dan wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kondensasi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian miskonsepsi yang terjadi ialah miskonsepsi <em>false negative</em> dan miskonsepsi <em>false positive</em> tidak bisa memahami konsep dasar operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan aljabar. Miskonsepsi dalam melakukan operasi perkalian dan pembagian aljabar salah satu siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi <em>false positive</em>. Miskonsepsi dalam menyelesaikan pemfaktoran bilangan dan subtitusi bilangan aljabar satu siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi <em>false positive</em> dan salah satunya mengalami miskonsepsi <em>false negative</em>.
Conceptualization of moral injury: A socio-cognitive perspective
Authors: Bonson Amanda , Murphy Dominic , Aldridge Vicky , Greenberg Neil , Williamson Victoria 
Published: February 2023

LAY SUMMARY This article looks at how moral injury (MI) may develop by considering what event features may be especially salient and cause MI and what experiences an individual may have after an event that might lead to the occurrence of a MI. It proposes that the beliefs someone has about themselves, others, and the world can be shaped by experiences in childhood and early life. Once an individual has experienced a potentially morally injurious event (PMIE) — for example, witnessing something that violates deeply held moral or ethical codes but being unable to stop it, doing something that violates these ethical codes, or experiencing a significant betrayal — they may try to make sense of it by changing the way they see the world, themselves, and others. This can lead to problems in the individual’s relationship with themselves and others, leading to feelings of shame and guilt and withdrawal from other people. Finally, for an event to be a PMIE, it must significantly challenge strongly held moral beliefs and a sense of right and wrong.
Taxation of wealth and the rich as a social imperative
Authors: Andrushchenko Volodymyr , Rippa Maria , Tuchak Tetiana 
Published: February 2023

The subject of the article is the problem of taxing the rich and wealth, which is among the topical topics of public interest. The study aimed to highlight the latest initiative of a group of American multimillionaires to increase the level of tax rates on this ultra-rich category of taxpayers. This initiative can be considered a solidarity tax. The task was to characterize the quantitative indicators of this initiative. The article is motivated by the striking fact that 400 American ultra-billionaires have a total wealth worth 4 thousand billion dollars! The role of the research method of the problem was carried out by analyzing the quantitative parameters and fiscal and administrative features of taxation of the rich. Results of work. First of all, the results of the study consist in the interpretation of the multicomponent concept of wealth as an object of taxation. The impossibility of a general income and property tax is revealed, such a tax exists only as an unrealized project. The fiscal and administrative reasons for the abandonment of the inheritance tax in 21 countries, including Austria, Canada, Sweden and Israel, are clarified. Conclusions. The arguments are presented that property taxes harm the processes of wealth creation and capital. For this reason, the share of property taxes in tax revenues has fallen from 42% to 14% since the beginning of the XX century. The most significant fiscal potential for strengthening the taxation of the rich are taxes on income and profits. A quantitative and institutional analysis of existing wealth taxes in Norway and Switzerland was carried out. A serious fiscal and administrative problem of wealth taxes is the valuation of taxable assets. The wealth taxes have very great, virtually inexhaustible scientific and practical potential.
Management of the competitiveness of enterprise products in modern conditions
Authors: Vynogradnya Vita , Chernyaev Oleksandr , Stetsenko Volodymyr 
Published: February 2023

In the modern conditions of the development of market relations, the basis of the effective development and competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises is the management of the competitiveness of their products. This makes it possible to create strong positions in the domestic and foreign markets. Taking into account all stages of the product life cycle, a correctly chosen product quality management strategy will make it possible to ensure the efficiency of the enterprise's development, its competitiveness, and to achieve an increase in the level of profit at all stages of development. The topicality of the topic is determined by the interest of enterprises in the results of their activities and the need to improve the quality of products or services, which in turn requires the improvement of the work of all services and divisions of the enterprise. The purpose of the article. Study of the essence of the competitiveness of the company's products, classification of its parameters and evaluation methods, determination of factors affecting the competitiveness of products in modern conditions. The methods used in the research process: the work uses the method of analysis, generalization, and deduction. Results of the work: The article examines the essence and features of managing the competitiveness of the company's products, its components and structural elements, as well as an analysis of methods of increasing the competitiveness of products in modern conditions. The main tasks and directions for increasing the competitiveness of the company's products in modern conditions have been established. The reasons and consequences of the decrease in the competitiveness of products at the current stage of the country's economic development are analyzed.
Development of marketing communications and organization of advertising campaigns in tourist enterprises
Authors: Romanіuk Iryna , Kucherenko Svitlana 
Published: February 2023

The subject of research is theoretical and practical aspects of marketing communications management, including organization of advertising campaigns in the field of tourist enterprises. The purpose of the article is to substantiate ways of improving the management of marketing communications of tourist enterprises through the organization of PR activities and advertising campaigns. The methodological basis of the article is the theoretical provisions of the economy of enterprises, a set of general scientific and special research methods, including: systemic approach, monographic, statistical and economic, analysis and synthesis of economic information. Results of the article. It was determined that the management of marketing communications is an important component of the activities of tourist enterprises. Its elements are advertising campaigns and PR management tools. Therefore, the development of the structure and budget; determination of tools and implementation locations; selection of target audiences; evaluation of results are important areas of management improvement. The correct development of an advertising campaign for tourist enterprises is an important direction for improving the management of their activities. It means establishing its priority goals; development of an advertising budget, a list of advertising means; determination of the most effective place and time for placing advertising messages; monitoring and control of results; adjustment of management methods and tools if necessary. Field of application of results. The results can be used by tourism enterprises, territorial communities, regional and state authorities, public organizations, individual entrepreneurs and activists, institutions of higher education, scientific institutions. Conclusions. Advertising campaigns and other means of PR activity are an important part of marketing communications of tourist enterprises and their management. An advertising campaign allows you to control the promotion of tourist services, make adjustments to sales activities, create and consolidate among consumers a stable understanding of the advantages of the services of this particular tourist company. It is important to emphasize that, as shown by the experience of the advertising campaigns of the world's leading tourism companies, advertising must take into account the peculiarities of the country, region, social and political situation in society. Thus, the correct development of an advertising campaign involves establishing the priority goals of the campaign, its budget, and determining the most effective place and the time of placing advertising messages, the target audience – is one of the most important and relevant directions of improving the management of the development of tourist enterprises and their marketing communications.