bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEFLUNOMIDE TABLET FORMULATION: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN RP-HPLC TECHNIQUE
Authors: NARESH POTHURAJU , KUMAR K. VINOD 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To develop a Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for Leflunomide using rapid, cheap, economical, and less composition of the mobile phase. To validate the method's specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and ruggedness were all validated as per regulatory requirements ICH Q2 [R1] guidelines. Methods: The method employed solving of Development and validation based on the measurement of absorbance at one wavelength, 251 nm, λ max, Inertsil-ODS C18 analytical column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μ). 1.0 ml/min of a mobile phase consisting of water and methanol (40:60v/v) for Leflunomide tablet formulation. Results: The method showed excellent linear response with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.999 for a Leflunomide. The percent recoveries for a drug were found within the acceptance limit of (99.93%–100.34%). Intra-and inter-day precision studies of the new method were less than the maximum allowable limit percentage of relative standard deviation (%RSD) ≤ 2.0. It can be concluded from the results that the present method for validation determination of Leflunomide in tablets is specific, rapid, and simple with good sensitivity. Conclusion: This analytical method is also applicable in ordinary laboratories and also technique may be used to measure the drug and assess the uniformity and purity of the dosage formulation as well as for quality control of commercial Leflunomide tablets.
EFECTOS REDISTRIBUTIVOS DE LOS COMPONENTES DE GASTO SOCIAL EN MÉXICO, 2008-2020
Authors: Ceballos Mina Owen Eli , Hernández Mota José Luis , Rosas Guzmán Mario Alejandro 
Published: January 2023

El artículo analiza los efectos del gasto social y sus componentes desagregados sobre la distribución del ingreso en México usando un panel de las 32 entidades federativas. Se especifica un modelo de determinantes que explica el comportamiento del coeficiente de Gini en términos del gasto social, la pobreza y el crecimiento del país. Se estima un panel dinámico en la modalidad Arellano-Bond para el periodo 2008-2020 y se identifica que los gastos públicos en educación y salud poseen importantes efectos en la reducción de la desigualdad más allá de los efectos de las transferencias condicionadas y del gasto en servicios básicos.

REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS FROM SOCIAL EXPENDITURE COMPONENTS IN MEXICO, 2008-2020
ABSTRACT
We analyze the effects of social expenditure components on income distribution in Mexico using a panel of the 32 states. A model of determinants is specified to explains the Gini coefficient behavior by means of social spending, poverty, and growth. We use a dynamic panel and the Arellano-Bond estimator for the period 2008-2020 and show that public expenditures on education and health have effects on reducing inequality that are greater than the effects of conditional transfers and spending on basic services.
Draudze kā Svētos Rakstus interpretējoša kopiena Stenlija Hauervasa teoloģijā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Fokrote Līva 
Published: January 2023

The themes of distrust towards an individual, the centrality of church as community, and the interactions between community and individual come together in the theology of Stanley Hauerwas, a contemporary American theologian. This paper focuses on a significant area where the interests of an individual and community meet (or collide) – the issue of who has the “right” to interpret the Christian Scripture. Hauerwas gives an unequivocal answer – it is a church. To better understand the claim that church is the only interpreter and interpretative community of the Scripture, the article, first of all, considers two reasons provided by Hauerwas for taking the Bible out of the individual reader’s hands: insufficient formation of an individual in the contemporary church which is more controlled by liberal politics than the Bible politics; and the claim that the Scripture and church are inseparable. Secondly, church as the context for the interpretation of the Bible is described in terms of community and narrative, its goal and practices, virtues and discipleship. Finally, four reasons for Haurwas’s claim that church as community is the only proper interpreter of the Scripture are discussed: 1) the Scripture is the narrative of church; 2) the primary function of the Bible is to maintain and form the church; 3) community gives the Scripture authority and meaning; 4) church is a community with the practices necessary for the proper interpretation of the Scripture. In the end, critical remarks are made about Hauerwas’s understanding of church as the interpretative community of the Scripture. It is noted that his insufficient explication of the concept of individual limits the significance of and need for describing the individual participation in a church. The “vicious circle” of church and the Scripture and the insistence that text does not have any meaning robs the Scripture of its critical authority over against church. As the history of Christianity shows, the Scripture can be used for diverse purposes. Hauerwas’s practice of interpreting the Scripture contradicts his theological claims about church as its sole interpreter.
Protein markers of diabetes discovered in an African American cohort
Authors: Chen Zsu-Zsu , Gao Yan , Keyes Michelle J. , Deng Shuliang , Mi Michael , Farrell Laurie A. , Shen Dongxiao , Tahir Usman A. , Cruz Daniel E. , Ngo Debby , Benson Mark D. , Robbins Jeremy M. , Correa Adolfo , Wilson James G. , Gerszten Robert E. 
Published: January 2023

<p>Proteomics has been leveraged to study type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the majority of available data are from White participants. Here, we extend prior work by analyzing a large cohort of self-identified African Americans (AAs) in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS, n=1,313). We found 325 proteins associated with incident diabetes after adjusting for age, sex, and batch (FDR-<em>q</em><0.05) measured using a single-stranded DNA aptamer affinity-based method in fasting plasma. A subset was independent of established markers of diabetes development pathways such as adiposity, glycemia, and/or insulin resistance—suggesting potential novel biological processes associated with disease development. Thirty-six associations remained significant after further adjustments for BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), cholesterol levels, hypertension, statin use, and renal function. Twelve, including the top associations of complement factor H (CFH), formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase (FTCD), serine/threonine-protein kinase 17B (STK17B), and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), replicated in a meta-analysis of self-identified White cohorts—the Framingham Heart Study and Malmö Diet and Cancer Study—supporting the generalizability of these biomarkers. A selection of these diabetes-associated proteins also improved risk prediction. Thus, we uncovered both novel and broadly generalizable associations by studying a diverse population, providing a more complete understanding of the diabetes associated proteome. </p>
HUMAN RIGHTS FOR FEMALE TERRORIST OFFENDERS: SUICIDE BOMBERS AND THEIR FAMILIES MEMBERS
Authors: Situmorang Jenny Rahayu Afsebel 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis article shows a new perspective about female terrorist offenders, predominantly female suicide bombers. The method is a literature review with human rights and victim perspectives. The authors argue they are not indeed offenders in the terrorism and terror agenda, and even if they are lone offenders, they also have human rights. They are victims of power relations. How can female terrorist offenders, especially female suicide bombers and their families, get human rights? This article argues human rights ideas for them despite their position in society and legal as offenders or families of offenders. The victim and feminism perspectives use to support this idea. Female terrorist offenders include female suicide bombers who are still alive need protection in their daily lives, such as mental health and health access. [Artikel ini menunjukkan perspektif baru tentang perempuan pelaku terorisme terutama perempuan pelaku teror bunuh diri. Metode dalam penulisan menggunakan penelusuran literatur dengan penggunaan perspektif hak asasi manusia dan korban. Penulis menemukan bahwa mereka sebenarnya bukan pelaku sungguhan dalam terorisme maupun agenda teror, andai pun mereka pelaku independen, sebagai manusia mereka tetap punya hak asasi manusia. Mereka adalah korban relasi kuasa. Lantas, bagaimana perempuan pelaku terorisme secara khusus pelaku teror bunuh diri dan keluarganya mendapatkan hak asasi manusia? Artikel ini menggunakan pemikiran hak asasi manusia sebagai ide dan mengesampingkan posisi mereka sebagai pelaku maupun keluarga pelaku. Perspektif korban maupun feminis mendukung ide tersebut. Perempuan teroris termasuk perempuan pelaku teror bnuh diri yang masih hidup membutuhkan perlindungan dalam kehidupannya termasuk kesehatan mental maupun fisik.] Keyword: human rights, female suicide bombers, female terrorist, feminism, power relation
Prática pedagógica e docência: um olhar a partir da epistemologia do conceito
Authors: Santoro Franco Maria Amélia 
Published: January 2023

Tem por objeto as práticas pedagógicas, da dificuldade de sua compreensão como conceito à complexidade da análise de seus fundamentos como práxis. Objetiva elencar os princípios que fundamentam as práticas pedagógicas, que, de acordo com a perspectiva teórica adotada, só podem ser compreendidas na perspectiva da totalidade, ou seja, como síntese de múltiplas contradições. Destaca que as práticas docentes são respostas às configurações provenientes das práticas pedagógicas, afirmando que não é da natureza das práticas docentes encontrarem-se avulsas, desconectadas de um todo, sem o fundamento das práticas pedagógicas que lhes conferem sentido e direção. Conclui que a prática docente avulsa, sem ligação com o todo, perde o sentido e a direção.
Thermal, Pasting, and Hydration Properties of Flour from Novel Cassava Cultivars for Potential Applications in the Food Industry
Authors: Nyawose Zikhona , Dwarka Depika , Puri Adarsh Kumar , Bairu Michael , Mellem John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cassava root flours from five different cultivars (C-MSAF2, C-P4/10, C-P98/0505, C-P98/0002, and C-UKF8) were studied for their potential application in the food industry. Proximate composition, functional, thermal, and pasting properties were investigated. Cassava flours were high in carbohydrates (85-86%) and their amino acid profiles varied. Cultivars C-MSAF2, C-P98/0002, and C-UKF8 showed high protein content (5.06%), mineral content (2.36%), and the largest particle size (72.33 µm), respectively. Solubility of cassava flours decreased as temperatures increased, however, swelling power and water absorption capacity increased. C-MSAF2 showed the highest peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and shortest peak time. C-P98/0505 showed the highest final viscosity, the highest pasting temperature, and the longest peak time. Cassava flours studied are promising candidates for utilization in the baking industry, however, their incorporation into baked product formulations needs further investigation.
Equivalent Circuit Parameters for Power Transformer and Implementation of Open and Short Circuit Test Simulation in Matlab (SIMULINK)
Authors: Kujundžić Goran , Kalfić Vinko , Bago Drago 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the power transformer, its basic mode of operation, parts, and construction. Equivalent circuit parameters are defined, and the methods of their determination are explained. A model of the transformer in Simulink was made and the process of its production is described. The created transformer model was then simulated through open and short circuit experiments. The values of the parameters obtained by the simulation were compared with the actual values and conclusions were drawn. The main goal of this work is to determine the precision of the operation of the transformer model in Simulink, and based on the obtained results, the same model can be used in algorithms for checking the operation of the entire power system.
Difficulties of Defending International Humanitarian Law at the International Level
Authors: Guțan Sabin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In an armed conflict the respect for international humanitarian law is the essential element to reduce its destructive effects. The application of international humanitarian law is, however, not always taken into account by states and members of the armed forces. When this obligation is seriously violated, the international community, through the UN, must intervene to restore international peace and security. Unfortunately, current armed conflicts have proven that this system is not effective, especially when it has to be activated against a permanent veto-wielding member of the Security Council, such as Russia. To make this system effective and to make such a state to apply correctly international humanitarian law, the UN must be reformed. But all these reform proposals do not take into account the efficiency of the measures in Chapter VII of the Charter and the strengthening of international authority.
The Influence of the Barrel on the Duration of Infantry Armament. Factors Influencing the Service Life of Infantry Gun Barrels
Authors: Popescu Stelian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In general, the service life of a system is determined by its technical characteristics, the nature and magnitude of the stresses to which parts are subjected and the operating, operation and maintenance conditions. For this reason, the article aims to outline the key issues that highlight the factors influencing the service life of infantry weapons and how they do so. The essential elements are pointed out and the influence of each factor in increasing service life is presented, first by component sub-assemblies and then for the armament as a whole.
Gender Perspectives in the Military Academic Environment
Authors: Rusu Raluca , Dragomir Isabela , Bumbuc Ștefania , Herman Ramona 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper is the result of the Military Gender Studies project. The aim of the project is to analyze the dynamics of gender perspectives in some military institutions in Europe, namely the Military Academy, Lisbon, Portugal, the University of Turin, Italy, “Vasil Levski” National Military University, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria and “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy of Sibiu. The project started with the application of a questionnaire to military students and this paper will present part of the results obtained only in “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy of Sibiu, after analyzing the discrimination dimension.
Assessing the Potential of Social Innovation and Local Agenda-Setting within Rural Development Programmes: Insights from Austrian Leader Regions
Authors: Stoustrup Sune Wiingaard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the LEADER programme has been implemented to promote positive development in rural areas in the EU through bottom-up approaches and community engagement. Lately, concerns have been raised about the capability of LEADER to foster social innovation and provide adequate room to manoeuvre for communities to set agendas locally. This paper attempts to engage in this discussion by analysing the implementation of rural development programmes, local ideas and experiences with LEADER and social innovation in four LEADER regions in Upper Austria (AT). Furthermore, the analysis outlines the projects implemented through LEADER to evaluate the possibilities for local agenda-setting. The research shows both the success of LEADER as a tool to instigate bottom-up and neoendogenous development and the need for additional institutional frameworks for community consultations if inclusive and forward-looking visions of rural development are to be fostered.
Land Policy for Rural Development in the European Union and its Impact on Access to Land
Authors: Korthals Altes Willem K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The concentration of farmland has potentially a negative impact on planning for local rural development as it impedes access to land for other rural initiatives. Land policies in the European Union aiming to reserve lands for local communities are constrained by principles of the EU single market, such as the free movement of capital and the freedom of establishment. Especially in several Central and Eastern European member states, the European Commission has critically reviewed policies to shield lands from the single market. This paper reviews and analysis this issue in relation to the planning for rural communities.
Working Psychosocial Conditions and Health Effects for Video Display Terminals Users in Some Administrative Activities
Authors: Iordache Raluca Maria , Cioca Lucian-Ionel , Darabont Doru Costin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Working with video display terminals (VDTs) involves different risk factors, including psychosocial risks, that have been recognized as important causes to employees’ health problems (both mental and physical). This is why one of the employers responsibilities is to change work conditions in order to improve the occupational psychosocial environment of all employees and VDT users as well. This paper aimed to explore how psychosocial and ergonomics aspects of VDT work tasks are related to work related health problems, especially to occupational stress symptoms, as perceived by the employees.
An Implementation of a Sensor Blockchain Network
Authors: Roşca Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Considering the exponential growth of Industry 4.0, more and more devices and sensors are encapsulated in standard networks. Devices and sensors are supplying data for the decisions to be made, but this can also represent breaches in the system and can be used to conduct malfunctions over the entire system. This work presents an implementation of a decentralized system overlaid to a classic HTTP network. This methodology allows accepting data only from sensors inside the network. In this implementation, we will read with simulated sensors (using Python) the load on a CPU and send the data to the blockchain network. We will assign to every sensor a blockchain account used in sending and then identifying the data source. Using the advantages of the blockchain is securing the network, the final implementation being less susceptible to attacks such as man in the middle. This research highlights the differences (and their costs) between a bare HTTP network and the presented implementation in a matter of security and costs.
Cognitive Artifacts and Their Virtues in Scientific Practice
Authors: Miłkowski Marcin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the critical issues in the philosophy of science is to understand scientific knowledge. This paper proposes a novel approach to the study of reflection on science, called “cognitive metascience”. In particular, it offers a new understanding of scientific knowledge as constituted by various kinds of scientific representations, framed as cognitive artifacts. It introduces a novel functional taxonomy of cognitive artifacts prevalent in scientific practice, covering a huge diversity of their formats, vehicles, and functions. As a consequence, toolboxes, conceptual frameworks, theories, models, and individual hypotheses can be understood as artifacts supporting our cognitive performance. It is also shown that by empirically studying how artifacts function, we may discover hitherto undiscussed virtues and vices of these scientific representations. This paper relies on the use of language technology to analyze scientific discourse empirically, which allows us to uncover the metascientific views of researchers. This, in turn, can become part of normative considerations concerning virtues and vices of cognitive artifacts.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Finances of Spain and Poland in the Period 2020–2021: Historic and Economic Perspective
Authors: Grata Paweł , Jaroszyk Joanna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The conclusion emerging from the analysis on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public finances in Spain and in Poland in the years 2020–2021 shows that the effects should be considered in the short-term and long-term perspectives. The short-term perspective is featured by deterioration of the budget condition and the public debt ratio of both countries in the first year of the pandemic, and an improvement of the situation in 2021. The effects of the pandemic for public finances were far more severe in Spain, which – viewed objectively – resulted from the fact that financing of the support programmes was to a larger extent based on funds from the state budget. In Poland the impact of these expenditures on the budget was relatively insignificant since the majority of the outlays were taken outside of the state budget, and even out of the sphere of public finances. As a consequence, the budget deficit remained at a moderate level and the debt of the public sector in relation to GDP was half that of Spain. Despite the fact that the condition of public finances was markedly worse there after two years of combating COVID-19, it was decisively more transparent. Admittedly, the model introduced in Poland ensured peace in the system of public finances on the formal side, but it meant future costs that were unavoidable and difficult to assess.
Entrepreneurs Confronting the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: from Powerlessness in the Face of the Government’s Policies to Protests
Authors: Kamosiński Sławomir , Zalesko Elżbieta 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic triggered a crisis affecting many spheres of socio-economic life. Both the authorities and entrepreneurs found themselves in a new and unusual situation. The lockdown introduced in the Polish economy in March 2020 has changed drastically environment and conditions for entrepreneurs and companies in Poland. The article touches on the problem of changes in the system of formal and informal institutions during that period. An attempt was made to answer the question: to what extent was the institutional state order compatible with the spontaneous order during that period, did the paths of entrepreneurs and the government meet and an agreement was reached in the name of setting a common policy direction to support the economy in the difficult period of the pandemic, or did the paths of these parties diverge?
The research hypothesis requiring verification was that the institutional crisis in Poland deepened during the Covid-19 pandemic, as reflected in the slow erosion of the principles of institutional governance.
The analysis shows that the progressing institutional weakness of the state during the period under review deepened the crisis of institutions. Its symptom was the gradual disappearance of social dialogue and arbitrary decisions taken by the government. The rules of law did not take into account the needs of entrepreneurs. Over time, the trust in the government and the law has declined. In a response to the prolonged lockdown in many sectors of the Polish economy, some desperate entrepreneurs took steps to circumvent the law, and there were active protests of entrepreneurs against the government’s decisions. The government might defend its authority only with ineffective repressions applied to entrepreneurs.