bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
مؤسسات التعليم العالي الأهلي ودورها في التنمية
Authors: الفقيه أ.د وهيبة غالب فارع 
Published: May 2023

المبادئ الأساسية – التعليم حق – التنمية قضية وطنية – تطوير المجتمع أساس إدارة التعليم العالي
الأهداف: تهدف مؤسسات التعليم العالي (الجامعي ) فيما تهدف إلى:

تأمين فرص التعليم وفقاً لاحتياجات التنمية وسوق العمل .
توفير الموارد البشرية والفنية لتحقيق أهداف المجتمع .
دفع مسيرة البحث العلمي وتمكينه من القيام بدور إيجابي في تطوير المعرفة وتوظيفها لخدمة برامج التنمية ومتطلبات التطور .
العمل على تنمية القوى البشرية وتشجيعها وفتح مجالات العمل أمامها .

الواقع :
لعل غياب التطبيق المبدئي للتعليم الجامعي واختفاء التعليم النوعي في كل مؤسسات التعليم التي أنشئت حتى الآن قد دفعت بالكثير من رؤوس الأموال والعقول إلى التفكير في مدى جدية توعية هذا التعليم الذي من المفترض أن تشكل الحلقة الأخيرة من حلقات التعليم التي تهدف إلى تنمية المهارات والإمكانات اللازمة للتنمية البشرية والمادية.
كما أن غياب مفهوم التنمية أو عدم وضوحه وعدم متابعة التطور العلمي والتكنولوجي قد اضعف معظم أهداف التعليم العالي وشكل فجوة حقيقية بين ما هو كائن وما ينبغي أن يكون.
فالجامعات اليمنية تعج بمئات الآلاف من الطلبة الذين يطمحون للحصول على شهادات تشكل – خص عمل دون أن يكون الهدف الحقيقي لها متوافقاً مع سوق العمل أو متطلبات التنمية فالمهارات اللازمة لتحقيق أي توافق عملي أو فني تكاد تكون مفقودة وطغيان الكم على النوع في التعليم وضعف مناهج التعليم وضعف أداء أعضاء هيئة التدريس الذي رافق شحه المارد أو تحقيق التوازن في شغل الوظائف الأكاديمية قد طغي على كل المعايير العلمية والأكاديمية حتى مجالات الخدمات ( كالصحافة والتعليم ) التي افتقدت بشدة العنصر القادر على التغيير .
ومع تزايد تخريج الطلبة بدون وجود وظائف حقيقية لهم قد أدى إلى محسوبية التوظيف وتولي المناصب للعديد من ذوى الوجاهات دون أن يكون لتواجدهم أي تأثير عملي أو علمي .
SIMULTANEOUS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES AND TERPENE LACTONES IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING GINKGO BILOBA L. LEAF EXTRACT BY LC-TOF/MS
Authors: DOĞAN Selda , FİDAN Hatice , ŞAHİN Nefise 
Published: May 2023

In this study, three drugs and three dietary supplements containing G. biloba leaf extract were obtained from pharmacies and two dietary supplements were obtained from herbalists. Certain flavonoid glycosides and ginkgolide A, B, C, and J amounts of these products were determined simultaneously using LC-TOF/MS. The total phenol and flavonoid content of these products were also determined with spectrophotometric technique.
Objective: We aimed to emphasize that adulteration is still a critical problem in herbal products frequently used during the Covid-19 pandemic and propose a fast, validated analytical method for detecting adulteration.
Conclusions: The qualitative and quantitative results of all drugs and dietary supplements obtained from the pharmacy were compatible with the information declared by the manufacturer. However, neither qualitative nor quantitative flavonoid glycosides or ginkgolides A, B, and C were detected, although the total phenolic and flavonoid values were very high in one of the dietary supplements taken by the herbalist. The study's data is considered significant, mainly due to the considerable increase in interest in herbal products during the Covid-19 pandemic
Antibiotic resistance characteristics and risk factors analysis of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in Liaoning Province, an area in North China
Authors: Wang Yanmeng , Li Yiling , Gong Yuehua , Dong Yuzhen , Sun Jing , Chen Moye 
Published: May 2023

Background
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) keeps rising while the eradication rate continues to decline due to the increasing antibiotic resistance. Regional variations of antimicrobial resistance to H. pylori have been recommended by guidelines in recent years. This study aims to investigate the antibiotic resistance rate of H. pylori and its association with infected subjects’ characteristics in Liaoning Province, an area in north China.

Methods
Gastric tissues from 178 H. pylori positive participants without previous antibiotic use within four weeks were collected for H. pylori culture. Antibiotic susceptibility to furazolidone (AOZ), tetracycline (TC), levofloxacin (LFX), metronidazole (MET), clarithromycin (CLA), and amoxicillin (AMX) were examined with the agar dilution method. Associations between H. pylori resistance and patient characteristics were further analysed.

Results
No resistance was observed in AOZ or TC. For LFX, MET, CLA, and AMX, the overall resistance rates were 41.10%, 79.14%, 71.78%, and 22.09% respectively. There were significant differences between resistance to CLA and MALToma (P = 0.021), and between resistance to MET and age (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The primary resistant rates of LEX, MET, CLA, and AMX were relatively high in Liaoning. Treatment effectiveness improvement could be achieved by prior antimicrobial susceptibility tests before antibiotic prescription.
Prognostic significance of thyroid hormone T3 in patients with septic shock: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Caizhi , Bao Lei , Guo Lei , Wei Jingjing , Song Yang , Shen Hua , Qin Haidong 
Published: May 2023

Background
The role of thyroid hormones is crucial in the response to stress and critical illness, which has been reported to be closely associated with a poor prognosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to explore the relationship between thyroid hormone and prognosis in septic shock patients.

Methods
A total of 186 patients with septic shock were enrolled in the analytical study between December 2014 and September 2022. The baseline variables and thyroid hormone were collected. The patients were divided into survivor group and non-survivor group according to whether they died during the ICU hospitalization. Among 186 patients with septic shock, 123 (66.13%) were in the survivor group and 63 (33.87%) were in the non-survivor group.

Results
There were significant differences in the indictors of free triiodothyronine (FT3) (p = 0.000), triiodothyronine (T3) (p = 0.000), T3/FT3 (p = 0.000), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score (APACHE II) (p = 0.000), sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) (p = 0.000), pulse rate (p = 0.020), creatinine (p = 0.008), PaO2/FiO2 (p = 0.000), length of stay (p = 0.000) and hospitalization expenses (p = 0.000) in ICU between the two groups. FT3 [odds ratio (OR): 1.062, 95% confidence interval(CI): (0.021, 0.447), p = 0.003], T3 (OR: 0.291, 95% CI: 0.172-0.975, p = 0.037) and T3/FT3 (OR: 0.985, 95% CI:0.974-0.996, p = 0.006) were independent risk factors of the short-term prognosis of septic shock patients after adjustment. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for T3 was associated with ICU mortality (AUC = 0.796, p < 0.05) and was higher than that for FT3 (AUC = 0.670, p < 0.05) and T3/FT3 (AUC = 0.712, p < 0.05). A Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients with T3 greater than 0.48 nmol/L had a significantly higher survival rate than the patients with T3 less than 0.48 nmol/L.

Conclusions
The decrease in serum level of T3 in patients with septic shock is associated with ICU mortality. Early detection of serum T3 level could help clinicians to identify septic shock patients at high risk of clinical deterioration.
Potentials of Plantain Value Addition in Improving Rural Households’ Income in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Adedapo A. O. , Abdu-Raheem K. A. 
Published: May 2023

Aim: This study examined the potential of value addition to Plantain in improving rural households’ income in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study investigated the socio-economic variables of plantain processors, identified the value-added products, factors influencing plantain value addition, the profitability and the overall contributions of value addition of Plantain to rural households’ income.
Methodology: A multi-stage sampling technique was used coupled with a well-structured questionnaire to elicit information from 120 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Relative Importance Index, and partial farm budget analysis.
Results: The study revealed that plantain processors were mainly middle-aged (mean age-42 years), primarily female (83%), educated, and married (78 per cent), with a mean household size of 6 people. The most common forms of value added to Plantain are chips, flour, roasted Plantain (boli), fried Plantain (dodo), and flakes. In order of their relative importance index, the motivating factors for value addition to Plantain are unemployment, peer influence, regular income, drive for self-employment, social relevance, self-accomplishments and satisfaction. The study revealed the average total variable cost of ₦148,200.00; for plantain chips, ₦99,050.00 for fried Plantain, ₦82,000.00 for plantain flour and ₦55,600.00 for roasted Plantain. The total revenue of ₦205,000.00 for plantain chips, ₦151,600.00 for fried Plantain, ₦92,000.00 for plantain flour and ₦60,000.00 for roasted Plantain. The Net profit of ₦96,100.00 for plantain chips, ₦91,850.00 for fried Plantain, ₦37,000.00 for plantain flour and ₦14,900.00 for roasted Plantain. The Rate of returns for plantain chips is 0.65, followed by 0.93 for fried Plantain, 0.45 for plantain flour and 0.27 for roasted Plantain. These indicate that for every N1.00 invested in Plantain value-added products, 65 kobo, 93 kobo, 45 kobo and 27 kobo are gained for plantain chips, fried Plantain, plantain flour and roasted Plantain, respectively. The cost-benefit ratio is 1.38, 1.53, 1.12, and 1.08 for plantain chips, fried Plantain, plantain flour and roasted Plantain, respectively.
Conclusion: Plantain production is a profitable enterprise with small capital investment and its value addition contributes significantly to household income in Ekiti State.
The Effect of Influencer and Endorsement Content on Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: Octaviani Rizky Amellia , Hartono Arif 
Published: May 2023

Aims: This study aims to analyze the effect of advertising attributes from influencer’s endorsement content, such as credibility, infotainment, and irritation towards advertising value, which ultimately affect consumer purchase intentions on Instagram.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Indonesia, with no specific regional criteria in determining the respondents, from December 2022 to March 2023.
Design/ Methodology: This study uses a quantitative approach using a convenience sampling technique. The sampling method was conducted by distributing online questionnaires to 180 respondents considered according to predetermined criteria: aged 16 & over and followers of influencers. This research was processed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS) applications.
Results: The empirical findings show that credibility and infotainment in influencer’s endorsement content significantly affect advertising value and consumer purchase intentions. However, the research results did not find a negative effect of irritation on advertising value.
Optimization of Brake Disc Profile Based on the Thermal Performance for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kudari Suvan S. , Bharatish A. 
Published: May 2023

The brake disc market has reached the value of USD 20.9 billion in 2021 at a CAGR of 4.9% and it is expected to grow to USD 26.5 billion by 2026. However, the difficulties associated with the brake discs are significant rise in the temperature which results in, early wear, thermal cracks and brake fade leading to uneven braking and premature replacement. In this context many researchers have been studying the parameters like brake disc material and type of ventilation. The objective of the work was to study of the effect of ventilation types on thermal responses and optimize the brake disc profile for better thermal performances. Center of gravity and dynamic load transfer were calculated for two wheeler electric vehicle experimentally which was followed by computing the force required for braking process and heat flux on the brake disc analytically. Ventilation of type cross drilled holes (CD) was adopted in brake disc modelling, and was carried out in SOLIDWORKS 2022 and finite element model for the brake disc was created in ANSYS 17.2 with mesh size of 2 mm for lamellar graphite iron (LGI) with temperature dependent material properties. The transient thermal analysis for three braking cycles were carried out with the considerations such as: initial velocity of the vehicle of 96 km/h, ambient temperature of 22°C, conduction and convection modes of heat transfer and 5 s of deceleration and acceleration time. Transient thermal analysis was carried out by applying the heat flux on the frictional surface of the brake disc. For the solid disc without ventilation, it was found that the maximum temperature at the end of first braking cycle (0 to 5 s) was 157.72°C, at end of second braking cycle (10 to 15 s) was 256.95°C and at the end of third braking cycle (20 to 25s) was 349.73°C. As the wear rate for lamellar graphite iron grows exponentially beyond 300°C, ventilations were provided on the brake disc to reduce the temperature on the disc. For the optimized brake disc with ventilation type VT-12, it was found that maximum temperature at the end of first braking cycle (0 to 5 s) was 139.43°C, at end of second braking cycle (10 to 15 s) was 222.68°C and at the end of third braking cycle (20 to 25s) was 299°C. The overall character of these shows a quick rise in temperature at the start of the process, followed by the achievement of the maximum value and, eventually there is a drop in temperature. In this research the future work can be carried out by implementing the noise, vibration and harness studies which would benefit the industry with better braking system.
Pictish Byre-houses at Pitcarmick and their landscape: investigations 1993–5
Authors: Carver Martin , Barrett John , Downes Jane , Hooper Janet , Sheridan Alison , Hunter Fraser , Rowe Peter , Edmonds Mark , Hall Derek , Holmes Matilda , Hall Allan 
Published: May 2023

‘Pitcarmick-type’ houses were identified by the Royal Commission in north east Perthshire in 1988 and published in their survey of 1990. Long and narrow with rounded ends, they seemed to occur in a sequence between prehistoric roundhouses and medieval and post-medieval dwellings. They were therefore provisionally assigned to the later 1st millennium AD, a period associated in this region with the Picts. Excavations by John Barrett and Jane Downes at Pitcarmick (North) in 1993–5 defined the basic properties of two Pitcarmick-type houses and produced radiocarbon dates between the 8th and 11th centuries. A subsequent survey of the broader landscape by Janet Hooper offered a sequence of the main phases of occupation and their context. The Pitcarmick upland had been settled in the Bronze Age with circular stone-and-turf houses, thought to represent a series of self-supporting farmsteads using mixed farming and in touch with similar settlements in adjacent territory. Two thousand years later, Early Historic settlers inserted their dwellings into this relict landscape, also practising mixed stock and crop farming. In the Middle Ages, the land was settled by farmers who kept sheep and ploughed the earlier settlement areas. The post-medieval period is represented by a group of shielings on the eastern edge of the prehistoric and early medieval settlement area, where ploughing continued.
These investigations are here brought to press by Martin Carver, supported by Historic Scotland and a team of specialists who examined the quartz, charcoal, animal bone and pottery and produced a tighter array of radiocarbon dates. This account proposes that the Bronze Age roundhouses are of conventional type, with a central hearth, entrances facing south-east, and roofs supported by a post-ring. The two Pictish buildings are defined as longhouses with byres (properly byre-houses), constructed with turf-and stone layered walls and timber roof-supports. Occupants sheltered round a hearth at the west end and animals were stalled either side of a paved drain at the east end. These houses are radiocarbon-dated to the period c AD 700–850. Both buildings had been reused between c AD 1000 and 1200 and both were subsequently flattened by later medieval and post-medieval ploughing, the effects of which severely inhibited subsequent interpretation. While Pictish in date and territorial affiliation, these longhouses exhibit strong links with preceding and contemporary practice across the North Sea. Their form currently stands in marked contrast both to their prehistoric predecessors and to contemporary neighbouring settlement in Britain.
Estimated Rates of Incident and Persistent Chronic Pain Among US Adults, 2019-2020
Authors: Nahin Richard L. , Feinberg Termeh , Kapos Flavia P. , Terman Gregory W. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceChronic pain risk and prognosis estimates are needed to inform effective interventions.ObjectiveTo estimate rates of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain (HICP) incidence and persistence in US adults across demographic groups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study examined a nationally representative cohort with 1 year of follow-up (mean [SD], 1.3 [0.3] years). Data from the 2019-2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Longitudinal Cohort were used to assess the incidence rates of chronic pain across demographic groups. The cohort was created using random cluster probability sampling of noninstitutionalized civilian US adults 18 years or older in 2019. Of 21 161 baseline participants in the 2019 NHIS who were randomly chosen for follow-up, 1746 were excluded due to proxy response(s) or lack of contact information, and 334 were deceased or institutionalized. Of the 19 081 remaining, the final analytic sample of 10 415 adults also participated in the 2020 NHIS. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to March 2023.ExposuresSelf-reported baseline sex, race, ethnicity, age, and college attainment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were the incidence rates of chronic pain and HICP, and secondary outcomes were the demographic characteristics and rates across demographic groups. A validated measure of pain status (“In the past 3 months, how often did you have pain? Would you say never, some days, most days, or every day?”) yielded 3 discrete categories each year: pain free, nonchronic pain, or chronic pain (pain “most days” or “every day”). Chronic pain present in both survey years was considered persistent; HICP was defined as chronic pain that limited life or work activities on most days or every day. Rates were reported per 1000 person-years (PY) of follow-up, and age standardized based on the 2010 US adult population.ResultsAmong 10 415 participants included in the analytic sample, 51.7% (95% CI, 50.3%-53.1%) were female, 54.0% (95% CI, 52.4%-55.5%) were aged 18 to 49 years, 72.6% (95% CI, 70.7%-74.6%) were White, 84.5% (95% CI, 81.6%-85.3%) were non-Hispanic or non-Latino, and 70.5% (95% CI, 69.1%-71.9%) were not college graduates. Among pain-free adults in 2019, incidence rates of chronic pain and HICP in 2020 were 52.4 (95% CI, 44.9-59.9) and 12.0 (95% CI, 8.2-15.8) cases per 1000 PY, respectively. The rates of persistent chronic pain and persistent HICP in 2020 were 462.0 (95% CI, 439.7-484.3) and 361.2 (95% CI, 265.6-456.8) cases per 1000 PY, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the incidence of chronic pain was high compared with other chronic diseases. These results emphasize the high disease burden of chronic pain in the US adult population and the need for early management of pain before it becomes chronic.
Dendri‐LEC Family: Establishing the Bright Future for Dendrimer Emitters in Traditional and Graphene‐Based Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Cavinato Luca M. , Yamaoka Keiko , Lipinski Sophia , Calvi Vladimir , Wehenkel Dominique , van Rijn Richard , Albrecht Ken , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA rational implementation and optimization of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) dendrimer emitters in light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) sets in the Dendri‐LEC family. They feature outstanding stabilities (90/1050 h for green/yellow devices) that are comparable to the best green/yellow Ir(III)‐complexes (450/500 h) and conjugated polymers (33/5500 h), while offering benefits of low‐cost synthesis and easy upscaling. In particular, a fundamental molecular design that capitalizes on exchanging peripheral substituents (tert‐butyl vs methoxy) to tune photophysical, electrochemical, morphological, and ion conductivity features in thin films is rationalized by temperature‐dependent steady‐state and time‐resolved emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Herein, a TADF mechanism associated to a reduced photoluminescence quantum yield, but an enhanced electrochemical stability and ion conductivity enables to clarify the reduced device efficiency and brightness (4.0 lm W−1@110 cd m−2 vs 3.2 lm W−1@55 cd m−2) and increased stability (90 vs 1050 h) upon using methoxy groups. What is more, this substitution enables an excellent compatibility with biogenic electrolytes keeping device performances (1.9 lm W−1@35 cd m−2 and 1300 h), while graphene‐devices achieve on par figures to traditional indium–tin oxide‐devices. Overall, this work establishes the bright future of dendrimer emitters toward highly stable and truly sustainable lighting sources.
Chloride‐Based Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Xinyi , Gallant Benjamin M. , Holzhey Philippe , Smith Joel A. , Elmestekawy Karim A. , Yuan Zhongcheng , Rathnayake P. V. G. M. , Bernardi Stefano , Dasgupta Akash , Kasparavicius Ernestas , Malinauskas Tadas , Caprioglio Pietro , Shargaieva Oleksandra , Lin Yen‐Hung , McCarthy Melissa M. , Unger Eva , Getautis Vytautas , Widmer‐Cooper Asaph , Herz Laura M. , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite based tandem solar cells are promising to achieve power conversion efficiency beyond the theoretical limit of their single‐junction counterparts. However, overcoming the significant open‐circuit voltage deficit present in wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells remains a major hurdle for realizing efficient and stable perovskite tandem cells. Here, a holistic approach to overcoming challenges in 1.8 eV perovskite solar cells is reported by engineering the perovskite crystallization pathway by means of chloride additives. In conjunction with employing a self‐assembled monolayer as the hole‐transport layer, an open‐circuit voltage of 1.25 V and a power conversion efficiency of 17.0% are achieved. The key role of methylammonium chloride addition is elucidated in facilitating the growth of a chloride‐rich intermediate phase that directs crystallization of the desired cubic perovskite phase and induces more effective halide homogenization. The as‐formed 1.8 eV perovskite demonstrates suppressed halide segregation and improved optoelectronic properties.