bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dance of Light and Line: When an Architect Turns to Art
Authors: Ritchie Ian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIan Ritchie is not bound by stylistic fetishes and long‐established, old‐fashioned protocols of solving architectural problems. Each of his projects is designed from first principles, even before spaces and materials are projected. He prefers to get to know his clients and their organisations in extreme detail. At concept stage he uses the other arts to inspire his outputs – poetry, etching and painting, to name but a few. Here he describes his methodologies.
Hijacking Endogenous Iron and GSH Via a Polyvalent Ferroptosis Agonist to Enhance Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yongjuan , Lei Ningjing , Yao Xiaohan , Zhang Yu , Dong Ya , Yi Jinmeng , Li Xinyan , Deng Wenjing , Nie Guangjun , Qin Zhihai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe clinical application of ferroptosis, characterized by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation, is limited because of the serious side effects of using toxic‐dose iron. Herein, a polyvalent ferroptosis agonist‐a hypoxia responsive polymer bearing 18‐crown‐6 ring (hPPAA18C6) is developed. In contrast to the natural ferroptosis agonists (erastin, RSL3, and sorafenib), hPPAA18C6 stimulates the ferroptosis by releasing endogenous iron stored in the natural “iron pools” of cellular organelles and depleting glutathione (GSH) via the benzoquinone generated from the cascade decaging reactions in hypoxia. hPPAA18C6 nanoparticle is loaded with photosensitizer‐chlorine e6 (Ce6) (hPPAA18C6@Ce6) due to the inhomogeneous hypoxia microenvironment. Moreover, the exposed positively charged primary amine (NH2) from hPPAA18C6 acts as an immune adjuvant, facilitating dendritic cells maturation, antigen presentation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation. hPPAA18C6@Ce6 induces anti‐tumor responses that are dependent on ferroptosis, photodynamics therapy (PDT), and CD8+ T‐cell activity. In addition, the combination of hPPAA18C6 and Ce6 leads to combined therapeutic outcomes in primary, distant, and metastatic tumors. The activation of the ferroptosis pathway through functional polymer‐hijacking endogenous iron and GSH may offer new therapeutic opportunities.
Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg2+/Li+ Separation Membranes and Modules
Authors: Peng Huawen , Su Yafei , Liu Xufei , Li Jiapeng , Zhao Qiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh performance polyamide nanofiltration membranes play important roles in Mg2+/Li+ separation and Li+ extraction, but they are prepared via multiple time‐/labor demanding steps. Both the scalability of these membranes and the engineering of membrane modules remain an elusive challenge. Here the design of a Gemini‐electrolyte monomer (GEM) featuring bidentate amine groups, quaternary ammonia, and endocyclic contorted conformation is reported. The monomer's low interfacial diffusivity is balanced by high condensational reactivity during its interfacial polymerization with trimesoyl chloride (TMC), leading to the straightforward formation of defect‐free, ≈14 nm thick membranes. The membrane shows the highest permeance (≈19.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) among Mg2+/Li+ nanofiltration membranes prepared via straightforward interfacial polymerization without post‐modification, combined with good Mg2+/Li+ selectivity (≈15.4) and stability. The validity of GEM design is verified by control monomers. Large‐area (1 × 2 m2) GEM‐TMC membranes and spiral‐wound modules (effective area: 0.5 m2) are prepared, both of which show reproducible and high performance.
An Inorganic Water‐Glass‐Based Hydrogel for Processing Hierarchically Porous 3D Structures by Combined Robocasting and Direct Foaming
Authors: Yang Liu , Kaba Onur , Wang Peng , Auhl Dietmar , Haibel Astrid , Görke Oliver , Fleck Claudia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBioinspired, graded structures with hierarchical porosity, combining high surface area with low density, are attractive for a wide range of applications. Local adaptation of properties makes it possible to fine‐tune their strength and degradation kinetics over time. Production of such structures is, however, still scientifically and technically challenging. A versatile approach for fabricating hierarchical, porous structures from water‐glass (WG), exploiting its inherent foaming ability in conjunction with robocasting, for applications such as, bone‐replacement scaffolds, is presented. The unique processing route that is proposed uses a purely inorganic, mouldable sodium silicate hydrogel based on WG as ink for robocasting, which makes it cost‐effective and highly environmentally friendly. The WG‐based hydrogels can be used in a pure state, and also as carrier systems, e.g., for tricalcium phosphate. Following heat treatment at a relatively low temperature of 450 °C, the robocast parts develop hierarchical porosities. Multi‐microscale porosity is created due to foaming during heating, in addition to the macroscale porosity designed during robocasting. The suggested process opens up a powerful alternative to fabrication routes presently available for hierarchically porous structures.
Room‐Temperature Wide‐Gap Inorganic Materials with Excellent Plasticity
Authors: Huang Haoran , Chen Heyang , Gao Zhiqiang , Ma Yupeng , Zhao Kunpeng , Wei Tian‐Ran , Shi Xun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn general, inorganic non‐metallic materials exhibit brittleness, and achieving plasticity in wide‐gap semiconductors or dielectrics poses an even greater challenge. Historically, silver halides have been suggested to be ductile; however, their deformability under different load modes has not been well demonstrated, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, the authors demonstrate the excellent plasticity of AgCl and AgBr polycrystals at room temperature under tension, bending, compression, and roller pressing. In particular, the rolling reduction rate of AgCl/AgBr exceeds 97%, corresponding to the plastic extensibility from 3600% to 4200%. The metal‐like plasticity and multiple slip systems are attributed to the ionic features, specifically the Coulombic nature of the Ag‐Cl/Br interactions, and the appreciable polarization of the anions. Such less localized diffuse bonding can be readily switched upon atomic gliding, thus ensuring slip without cleavage. This study contributes to the advancement of the understanding and development of wide‐gap plastically deformable inorganic materials for applications in flexible, shape‐conformable high‐power electronics and dielectrics.
Highly Stretchable, Resilient, Adhesive, and Self‐Healing Ionic Hydrogels for Thermoelectric Application
Authors: Fu Mi , Sun Zhenxuan , Liu Xiaobo , Huang Zhenkai , Luan Guifang , Chen Yutong , Peng Jianping , Yue Kan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHarvesting low‐grade waste heat from the natural environment with thermoelectric materials is considered as a promising solution for the sustainable energy supply for wearable electronic devices. For practical applications, it is desirable to endow the thermoelectric materials with excellent mechanical and self‐healing properties, which remains a great challenge. Herein, the design and characterization of a series of high‐performance ionic hydrogels for soft thermoelectric generator applications are reported. Composed of a physically cross‐linked network of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethylene glycol (PEO) doped with sodium chloride, the resulting PAA‐PEO‐NaCl ionic hydrogels demonstrates impressive mechanical strength (breaking stress >1.3 MPa), stretchability (>1100%), and toughness (up to 7.34 MJ m−3). Moreover, the reversible hydrogen bonding interaction and chain entanglement render the ionic hydrogels with excellent mechanical resilience, adhesion properties, and self‐healing properties. At ambient conditions, the electrochemical and thermoelectric performance of the ionic hydrogels can be restored immediately from physical damage such as cutting, and the mechanical healing can be completely restored within 24 h. At the optimized composition, the Seebeck coefficient of the ionic hydrogels can reach 3.26 mV K−1 with a low thermal conductivity of 0.321 W m−1 K−1. Considering the excellent mechanical properties and thermoelectric performance, it is believed that the ionic hydrogels are widely applicable in ionic thermoelectric capacitors to convert low‐grade heat into electricity for soft electronic devices.
All‐In‐One Hardware Devices with Event‐Based Vision Sensor Arrays for Image Sensing, Computing, and Learning
Authors: Zhang Sen , Xiao Pingdan , Hong Xitong , Hong Ruohao , Liu Chang , Tian Qianlei , Su Wanhan , Ma Chao , Liu Xingqiang , Li Kenli , Ho Johnny C. , Lv Yawei , Hong Qinghui , Liao Lei , Zou Xuming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are considered as potential candidates for the low‐cost, large‐area fabrication of flexible optoelectronic devices. However, the current optoelectronic devices based on MOSs are limited to unidirectional photoresponse, which constrains the performance of MOSs‐based vision sensors for artificial vision systems. Herein, for the first time, a flexible artificial vision system integrated with optical perception, computation, and learning functionalities is demonstrated using SnO optoelectronic synaptic transistor‐based event‐driven vision sensors to enable dynamic image perception, noise reduction, detection, and recognition. Specifically, an ambipolar SnO transistor is demonstrated by introducing HfO2 passivation layer, which facilitates the movement of O atoms around Sn‐vacancy sites to the HfO2 layer to achieve the transformation from p‐type to ambipolar transport behaviors. More importantly, the HfO2‐passivated SnO transistors exhibit gate‐tunable bidirectional photoresponse behavior, which is essential to simulate the neurobiological functionalities of bipolar cells. This way, the multilayer neural network learning circuit built from SnO transistors achieves fast recognition at a 16% Gaussian noise level and high recognition accuracy up to 95.2% for pattern letters. Under the bending states, recognition accuracies are still retained at 91.2%. These properties are well retained even under the influence of 100% offset of the synaptic programming value.
High Miscibility‐Induced Reduction of Trap Density in All‐Polymer Solar Cells Using Hybrid Cyclohexyl‐Hexyl Side Chains
Authors: Sun Fengbo , Wang Xunchang , Wan Ming , Liu Zhitian , Luo Yixuan , Ren Jiajia , Zheng Xufan , Rath Thomas , Xiao Cong , Hu Tianyu , Trimmel Gregor , Yang Renqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReducing the trap density within organic solar cells is of vital importance to realize high power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, research focusing on this aspect is limited in all‐polymer solar cells (All‐PSCs). In this work, it is found that the trap density can be dramatically reduced by simultaneously obtaining high miscibility of donor and acceptor and ordered packing in blend films through substituting ethylhexyl with hybrid cyclohexyl‐hexyl side chains in the design of the polymer donor. D18‐ChCl with hybrid cyclohexyl‐hexyl chains has a slightly lower aggregation behavior relative to the D18‐Cl counterpart, but reveals synchronously higher miscibility and crystallinity in a blend with the acceptor PYF‐T‐o. Such a morphology evolution positively affects the electronic properties of the device—prolongs the carrier lifetime, facilitates exciton dissociation, and lowers the energy disorder. As a result, the All‐PSC devices based on D18‐ChCl exhibited a remarkable PCE of 17.1%, with a low trap density of 2.65 × 1015 cm−3, a low energy disorder of 47 meV as well as outstanding stability and mechanical durability. This result demonstrates that hybrid cyclohexyl‐hexyl alkyl engineering delicately improves miscibility, drives low trap density, and refines device performance, which brings vibrancy to the All‐PSC research field.
Absorption‐Dominant Electromagnetic Interference Shielding through Electrical Polarization and Triboelectrification in Surface‐Patterned Ferroelectric Poly[(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)‐MXene] Composite
Authors: Lee Sol , Nguyen Nam Khanh , Kim Wonkyo , Kim Minje , Cao Viet Anh , Nah Junghyo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtensive utilization of electronic devices and wireless equipment require human to take affirmative measures to weaken unwanted electromagnetic wave radiations. Herein, a ferroelectric poly[(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)‐MXene]‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) multilayered film is developed that can increase electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance through electrical polarization. The MXene is encapsulated by a P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix, which inhibits oxidation, and a highly conductive MXene is created conductive network resulting in enhancement EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). Furthermore, the surface pattern inducing multiple scattering and PEDOT layer contributes to the increasing absorption due to the electrically conductive PEDOT. Thanks to the electrically polarized and negatively charged P(VDF‐TrFE)‐MXene, the composite film demonstrates superior EMI SE and absolute EMI SE (SSEt) are exhibited remarkable ≈61 dB and 15230 dB cm2g−1 with high absorptivity (0.87) at thickness of 120 µm in X‐band. Additionally, P(VDF‐TrFE)‐MXene composite film is applicable to motion and thermo‐resistive sensor due to the negatively charged P(VDF‐TrFE) and thermo‐resistive property of PEDOT, respectively, for multifunctionality. This work provides a feasible avenue for flexible absorption dominant EMI shielding materials via electrical polarization with remarkable EMI shielding performance.
Efficient Optimization of High‐Quality Epitaxial Lithium Niobate Thin Films by Chemical Beam Vapor Deposition: Impact of Cationic Stoichiometry
Authors: Pellegrino Anna L. , Wagner Estelle , Lo Presti Francesca , Maudez William , Kolb Simon , Rani Rashmi , Bernard Antoine , Guy Stephan , Gassenq Alban , Raevskaia Marina , Grillet Christian , Moalla Rahma , Botella Claude , Bachelet Romain , Masenelli Bruno , Bluet Jean‐Marie , Cueff Sebastien , Chapon Patrick , Benvenuti Giacomo , Malandrino Graziella 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLithium niobate is a material of special interest for its challenging functional properties, which can suit various applications. However, high quality 200‐mm LixNb1‐xO3thin film grown on sapphire substrate have never been reported so far which limits these potential applications. This paper reports the efficient optimization of high quality LiNbO3thin film deposition on sapphire (001) substrate through chemical beam vapor deposition in a combinatorial configuration. With this technique, flow ratio of Li/Nb can be tuned from ≈0.25 to ≈2.45 on a single wafer. Various complementary characterizations (by means of diffraction, microscopy and spectroscopy techniques) have been performed at different areas of the film (different cationic ratios) in order to investigate the impact of the cationic stoichiometry deviation on the film properties. Close to cationic stoichiometry (LiNbO3), the epitaxial films are of high quality (single phase in spite of two in‐plane domains, low mosaicity of 0.04°, low surface roughness, refractive index and band gap close to bulk values). Deviating from the stoichiometry conditions, secondary phases are detected (LiNb3O8for Nb‐rich flow ratios, and Li3NbO4with partial amorphization for Li‐rich flow ratios). LiNbO3films are of high interest for various key applications in data communications among others.
A Highly Sensitive Iontronic Bimodal Sensor with Pressure‐Temperature Discriminability for Robot Skin
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Ye Zhiqiu , Wu Renke , Lv Honghao , Li Chen , Xu Kaichen , Yang Geng 
Published: August 2023

Iontronic sensors, with the electrical double layer effect at the iontronic film /electrode interface as well as the temperature‐sensitive characteristic of the iontronic film, demonstrate the potential to be robot skin with pressure‐temperature perception. Herein, a highly sensitive iontronic bimodal sensor (IBS) with pressure‐temperature discriminability for robot skin is reported. With the elaborate design of the structure, especially the reasonable arrangement of electrodes, the resistance‐capacitance dual‐measurement modes on the iontronic film are realized. Based on the temperature‐sensitive resistance of the iontronic film, together with a pressure‐sensitive normalized variable of the capacitance of the IBS, a pressure‐temperature decoupling strategy is proposed, terminating in the maximum temperature error of 1.6% in 20–80 °C and the maximum force error of 5.9% in 3–10 N. Moreover, the hierarchically compressible microstructure of the iontronic film, with slender protrusions and stubby protrusions, is readily prepared, empowering the IBS with a pressure sensitivity of 25.9 kPa−1 and a broad pressure range up to 796 kPa. The IBS and the 5 × 5 IBS array, function as the skin for a robot in the scenarios of temperature sensing, writing calligraphy, and object manipulation, manifesting gigantic potential in human‐robot interaction.
Chiral Helical Polymer‐Induced Efficient Circularly Polarized Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Yang Kai , Wang Xujie , Tan Zhan'ao , Pan Kai , Deng Jianping , Zhao Biao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) have attracted tremendous attention, but constructing CP‐OLEDs with both high electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL) and good device performance remains a big challenge. The present work reports the first CP‐OLEDs by using chiral helical polymers as inducers to trigger efficient CP electroluminescence from achiral conjugated polymers. The successful preparation of CP‐OLEDs based on two chiral helical polymers further demonstrates the universality of the established strategy. Benefiting from the high helical twisting power of the chiral helical polymer, a maximum |gEL| value of 2.0 × 10−2 is obtained in the resulting CP‐OLEDs. Moreover, by adopting an inverted device structure, the device performance of the CP‐OLEDs is significantly improved, with a maximum brightness of 49340/51973 cd m−2, high current efficiency of 5.62/5.44 cd A−1, and low turn‐on voltage of 3.1/3.1 V, respectively. The work offers new insights into fabricating CP‐OLEDs by taking advantage of chiral helical polymers.
The Black Death in Hereford, England: A demographic analysis of the Cathedral 14th‐century plague mass graves and associated parish cemetery
Authors: Franklin Emilia R. , Mitchell Piers D. , Robb John 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study explores the paleoepidemiology of the Black Death (1348–52 AD) mass graves from Hereford, England, via osteological analysis. Hereford plague mortality is evaluated in the local context of the medieval city and examined alongside other Black Death burials.MethodsThe Hereford Cathedral site includes mass graves relating to the Black Death and a 12th‐16th century parish cemetery. In total, 177 adult skeletons were analyzed macroscopically: 73 from the mass graves and 104 from the parish cemetery. Skeletal age‐at‐death was assessed using transition analysis, and sex and stress markers were analyzed.ResultsThe age‐at‐death distributions for the mass graves and parish cemetery were significantly different (p = 0.0496). Within the mass graves, young adults (15–24 years) were substantially over‐represented, and mortality peaked at 25–34 years. From 35 years of age onwards, there was little variation in the mortality profiles for the mass graves and parish cemetery. Males and females had similar representation across burial types. Linear enamel hypoplasia was more prevalent within the mass graves (p = 0.0340) whereas cribra orbitalia and tibial periostitis were underrepresented.ConclusionsMortality within the Hereford mass graves peaked at a slightly older age than is seen within plague burials from London, but the overall profiles are similar. This demonstrates that young adults were disproportionately at risk of dying from plague compared with other age groups. Our findings regarding stress markers may indicate that enamel hypoplasia is more strongly associated with vulnerability to plague than cribra orbitalia or tibial periostitis.
Polyimide Compounds For Post‐Lithium Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Nimkar Amey , Bergman Gil , Ballas Elad , Tubul Nophar , Levi Noam , Malchik Fyodor , Kukurayeve Idan , Chae Munseok S. , Sharon Daniel , Levi Mikhael , Shpigel Netanel , Wang Guoxiu , Aurbach Doron 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe exploration of cathode and anode materials that enable reversible storage of mono and multivalent cations has driven extensive research on organic compounds. In this regard, polyimide (PI)‐based electrodes have emerged as a promising avenue for the development of post‐lithium energy storage systems. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the syntheses, characterizations, and applications of PI compounds as electrode materials capable of hosting a wide range of cations. Furthermore, the review also delves into the advancements in PI based solid state batteries, PI‐based separators, current collectors, and their effectiveness as polymeric binders. By highlighting the key findings in these areas, this review aims at contributing to the understanding and advancement of PI‐based structures paving the way for the next generation of energy storage systems.
Photoredox‐Enabled Self‐(3+2) Cyclization of Vinyldiazo Reagents: Synthesis of Cyclopentenyl α‐Diazo Compounds
Authors: Li Weiyu , Li Sen , Empel Claire , Koenigs Rene M. , Zhou Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA photocatalytic self‐(3+2) cycloaddition of vinyldiazo compounds is described, which provides cyclopentene derivatives with conservation of one diazo functional group. Experimental insights and density functional theory indicate that the reaction is triggered by an unusual single electron oxidation of vinyldiazo compounds, while the photolysis for the generation of free carbene species is not involved. The synthetic applications of the resulting cyclopentenyl α‐diazo compounds were demonstrated based on the rich chemistry of the diazo functional group.
Spleen SORT LNP Generated in situ CAR T Cells Extend Survival in a Mouse Model of Lymphoreplete B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Álvarez‐Benedicto Ester , Tian Zeru , Chatterjee Sumanta , Orlando Domenico , Kim Minjeong , Guerrero Erick D. , Wang Xu , Siegwart Daniel J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy is revolutionizing treatment for patients suffering from B‐cell lymphoma (BL). However, the current method of CAR T cell production is complicated and expensive, requiring collection of patient blood to enrich the T cell population, ex vivo engineering/activation, and quality assessment before the patient can receive the treatment. Herein we leverage Spleen Selective ORgan Targeted (SORT) Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) to produce CAR T cells in situ and bypass the extensive and laborious process currently used. Optimized Spleen SORT LNPs containing 10 % 18 : 1 PA transfected CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ T cells in wild‐type mice. Spleen SORT LNPs delivered Cre recombinase mRNA and CAR encoding mRNA to T cells in reporter mice and in a lymphoreplete B cell lymphoma model (respectively) after intravenous injection without the need for active targeting ligands. Moreover, in situ CAR T cells increased the overall survival of mice with a less aggressive form of B cell lymphoma. In addition, in situ transfected CAR T cells reduced tumor metastasis to the liver by increasing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Overall, these results offer a promising alternative method for CAR T cell production with pre‐clinical potential to treat hematological malignancies.