bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorinated graphene quantum dots with long-term lubrication for visual drug loading and joint inflammation therapy
Authors: Gong Peiwei , Qi Changmin , Wang Dandan , Chao Mianran , Liu Jianxi , Cai Meirong , Liu Weimin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) treatment mainly relies on developing new drugs or nanocarriers, while little attention is paid to building novel remedial mode and improving drug loading efficiency. This work reports an integrated nanosystem that not only realizes visual drug loading and release, but also achieves enhanced lubrication and effective joint inflammation therapy based on fluorinated graphene quantum dots (FGQDs). Oxygen introduction promotes FGQDs outstanding water-stability for months, and layered nano-sized structure further guarantees excellent lubricating properties in biomimetic synovial fluid. The special design of chemistry and structure endows FGQDs robust fluorescence in a wide range of pH conditions. Also, the excitation spectrum of FGQDs well overlaps the absorption spectrum of drugs, which further constructs a new concept of internal filtering system to visually monitor drug loading by naked eyes. More importantly, extraordinary long-term lubrication performance is reported, which is the first experimental demonstration of concentration-dependent mutations of coefficient of friction (COF). Cell incubation experiments indicate that drug-loaded FGQDs have good biocompatibility, tracking property of cellular uptake and drug release, which show efficient anti-inflammation potential for H2O2-induced chondrocyte degradation by up-regulated cartilage anabolic genes. This study establishes a promising OA treatment strategy that enables to monitor drug loading and release, to enhance long-time lubricating property, and to show effective anti-inflammatory potential for cartilage protection.
Review on Chemical Stability of Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhuang Jing , Wang Jizheng , Yan Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their skyrocketed power conversion efficiency. However, the device stability issues may restrict their commercial applications, which are dominated by various chemical reactions of perovskite layers. Hence, a comprehensive illustration on the stability of perovskite films in PSCs is urgently needed. In this review article, chemical reactions of perovskite films under different environmental conditions (e.g., moisture, oxygen, light) and with charge transfer materials and metal electrodes are systematically elucidated. Effective strategies for suppressing the degradation reactions of perovskites, such as buffer layer introduction and additives engineering, are specified. Finally, conclusions and outlooks for this field are proposed. The comprehensive review will provide a guideline on the material engineering and device design for PSCs.
The Problem of Hard and Easy Problems
Authors: Baetu Tudor M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDavid Chalmers advocates the view that the phenomenon of consciousness is fundamentally different from all other phenomena studied in the life sciences, positing a uniquely hard problem that precludes the possibility of a mechanistic explanation. In this paper, I evaluate three demarcation criteria for dividing phenomena into hard and easy problems: functional definability, the puzzle of the accompanying phenomenon, and the first-person data of subjective experience. I argue that none of the proposed criteria can accurately discriminate between the phenomenon of consciousness and mechanistically explainable phenomena.
Multilevel Calibration Weighting for Survey Data
Authors: Ben-Michael Eli , Feller Avi , Hartman Erin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the November 2016 U.S. presidential election, many state-level public opinion polls, particularly in the Upper Midwest, incorrectly predicted the winning candidate. One leading explanation for this polling miss is that the precipitous decline in traditional polling response rates led to greater reliance on statistical methods to adjust for the corresponding bias—and that these methods failed to adjust for important interactions between key variables like educational attainment, race, and geographic region. Finding calibration weights that account for important interactions remains challenging with traditional survey methods: raking typically balances the margins alone, while post-stratification, which exactly balances all interactions, is only feasible for a small number of variables. In this paper, we propose multilevel calibration weighting, which enforces tight balance constraints for marginal balance and looser constraints for higher-order interactions. This incorporates some of the benefits of post-stratification while retaining the guarantees of raking. We then correct for the bias due to the relaxed constraints via a flexible outcome model; we call this approach “double regression with post-stratification.” We use these tools to re-assess a large-scale survey of voter intention in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, finding meaningful gains from the proposed methods. The approach is available in the multical R package.
A geometric interpretation of Ranicki duality
Authors: Connolly Frank 
Published: March 2023

Consider a commutative ring

$R$

and a simplicial map,

$X\mathop {\longrightarrow }\limits ^{\pi }K,$

of finite simplicial complexes. The simplicial cochain complex of

$X$

with

$R$

coefficients,

$\Delta ^*X,$

then has the structure of an

$(R,K)$

chain complex, in the sense of Ranicki . Therefore it has a Ranicki-dual

$(R,K)$

chain complex,

$T \Delta ^*X$

. This (contravariant) duality functor

$T:\mathcal {B} R_K\to \mathcal {B} R_K$

was defined algebraically on the category of

$(R,K)$

chain complexes and

$(R,K)$

chain maps.
Our main theorem, 8.1, provides a natural

$(R,K)$

chain isomorphism:

\[ T\Delta^*X\cong C(X_K) \]

where

$C(X_K)$

is the cellular chain complex of a CW complex

$X_K$

. The complex

$X_K$

is a (nonsimplicial) subdivision of the complex

$X$

. The

$(R,K)$

structure on

$C(X_K)$

arises geometrically.
Putting Morals into Economics: From Value Neutrality to the Moral Economy and the Economization of Morality
Authors: Kanitsar Georg 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe economic discipline plays a performative role in constructing the moral order of market society. Yet, little attention has been paid to what economists explicitly regard as moral or how they conceive of morality. This article reflects a recent attempt to put morals into economics, that is, to introduce morality as a research topic in behavioural and experimental economics. It maps three research programs that theorize the moral economy. The programs emphasize the moral foundations of market society, the moral limits of market expansion, and the moral consequences of market trading and, thus, appear irreconcilable with classifications of economists as market enthusiasts or moral agnostics. At the same time, however, the literature centres on an “economized” form of morality that is corrective to market inefficiencies, attributed to the responsibility of the individual, and expressed in rational terms. In doing so, this literature contributes to redefining moral problems in economic terms.
The Segregation Effect: How Residential Isolation Shapes Ethnic Minority Representation in England
Authors: Campion Selene 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtant literature argues that ethnic minority representation in plurality systems will benefit from the presence of sizable co-ethnic populations. I argue that the threshold for election depends not only on a minority population's group size but a district's level of segregation. I show that residential segregation can facilitate the increased representation of ethnic minority populations. Contrary to the prevailing literature, however, I find that increased segregation levels in cities with sizable minority populations decrease the percentage of co-ethnics elected to office. I support this argument with evidence from an original dataset on the local representation outcomes of Muslims in England between 2011 and 2021, which covers 434 district council elections. Using threshold modelling, I introduce the concept of the population threshold, above which increases in segregation level decrease Muslim representation. This article contributes to the electoral geography literature on ethnic minority representation.
J’va share mon étude sur les anglicismes avec vous autres!: A sociolinguistic approach to the use of morphologically unintegrated English-origin verbs in Quebec French
Authors: Bouchard Marie-Eve 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThis study explores variation in the use of English-origin verbs in Quebec French. These lexical borrowings are usually integrated grammatically into the receiving language (Poplack, 2018), as inil vacrasherandelle m’aghostéin Quebec French. However, a new lexical insertion strategy for English-origin verbs has been observed in the past few years: verbal borrowings can lack overt morphological integration, as inil vacrashandelle m’aghost.This article examines the use of English-origin verbs in Quebec French from a variationist perspective by focusing on 1) possible correlations between speakers and how they evaluate the different lexical insertion strategies, and 2) the social factors that constrain the use of morphologically unintegrated English-origin verbs. Results from quantitative analyses based on 675 participants indicate that young Quebecers from Montreal with a high level of proficiency in English are the ones who use this morphologically unintegrated form the most and evaluate it more positively. This unintegrated form poses a theoretical problem according to Poplack’s (2018) theory, for which nonce borrowings are morphologically and syntactically integrated into the receiving language.
Re-expansion pulmonary edema after minimally invasive cardiac surgery in children
Authors: Kimura Naritaka , Yamashita Kentaro , Shimizu Hideyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRe-expansion pulmonary edema is a serious complication that can occur after minimally invasive cardiac surgery through a right mini-thoracotomy. Herein, we describe two paediatric cases where re-expansion pulmonary edema was observed after simple atrial septal defect closure through a right mini-thoracotomy. This is the first case report of re-expansion pulmonary edema after a paediatric cardiac surgery.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation Influences Tropical Oxygen Minimum Zone Extent and Obscures Anthropogenic Changes
Authors: Poupon Mathieu A. , Resplandy Laure , Lévy Marina , Bopp Laurent 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObservations suggest that the tropical Pacific Ocean has lost oxygen since the 1960s leading to the expansion of its oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Attribution to anthropogenic forcing is, however, difficult because of limited data availability and the large natural variability introduced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Here, we evaluate the PDO influence on oxygen dynamics and OMZ extent using observations and hindcast simulations from two global ocean circulation models (NEMO‐PISCES, MOM6‐COBALT). In both models, the tropical Pacific oxygen content decreases by about 30 Tmol.decade−1 and the OMZ volume expands by 1.3 × 105 km3.decade−1 during PDO positive phases, while variations of similar magnitude but opposite sign are simulated during negative phases. Changes in equatorial advective oxygen supply, partially offset by biological demand, control the oxygen response to PDO. Observations which cover 39% of the tropical Pacific volume only partially capture spatio‐temporal variability, hindering the separation of anthropogenic trend from natural variations.
Highly Unradiogenic Pb Isotopes Revealed by Plagioclase‐Hosted Melt Inclusions in E‐MORB From the South China Sea
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhang Wen , Wilde Simon A. , Lu Jianggu , Zhang Guoliang , Li Chunfeng , Chen Xuegang , Chen Shuangshuang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) can record heterogeneity of the upper mantle. Early crystallized minerals and their melt inclusions commonly record greater isotopic variability than whole‐rocks and are powerful tools to investigate the mantle source. In this study, we develop a new in situ Pb analytical protocol for Pb‐poor materials (sub‐ppm level) and apply it to the plagioclase‐hosted melt‐inclusions from IODP Expedition 349 Site U1433, South China Sea (SCS). Together with element mapping, in situ major and trace element analyzes and in situ Sr isotopes of plagioclase phenocrysts, we show that unlike the low and uniform whole‐rock 87Sr/86Sr ratios, the plagioclase phenocrysts record extreme Sr isotopic heterogeneity. Strontium isotopic heterogeneity is observed between crystals even in a single thin section. Based on the high an contents of plagioclase phenocrysts and high Mg# values of their melt inclusions, we propose they crystallized early in the magma chamber and were most likely formed in different batches of mantle‐derived melts. The plagioclase‐hosted melt inclusions show highly variable Pb isotopes, exhibiting a typical linear variation in 207Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb. Such a mixing trend indicates an end‐member with highly unradiogenic Pb isotopes. The LREE enrichment and negative correlations between La/Sm and Pb isotopes of the melt inclusions, indicate that ancient cratonic lower continent crustal materials, with low time‐integrated U/Pb ratios, are likely present in the sub‐ridge mantle of the southwest Sub‐basin, SCS.
Influence of Melt‐Peridotite Interactions on Deformation and Seismic Properties of the Upper Mantle Beneath a Destroyed Craton: A Case Study of the Damaping Peridotites From the North China Craton
Authors: Wen Da‐Peng , Wang Yong‐Feng , Zhang Jun‐Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtensive melt‐peridotite interactions had been documented in the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton (NCC), a prime example of destroyed cratons in the world. Yet the impacts of melt‐peridotite interactions on the deformation and seismic anisotropy of the NCC upper mantle remain unclear. Here we studied in detail the microstructure, crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of minerals, and seismic properties of 26 peridotite xenoliths from the Damaping area of the NCC. The studied samples can be classified into two groups: weakly to nonfoliated and strongly foliated. Petrographic and microstructural observations suggest that multiple melt‐peridotite interactions and at least two stages of deformation had influenced samples from both microstructural groups. Dislocation creep in response to a transpression deformation led to the [010]‐fiber type olivine CPOs in most samples. Variable degrees of annealing followed the last stage of deformation. Due to a higher degree of melt‐peridotite interactions, which had promoted nondislocation creep, and more extensive annealing, olivine and pyroxene in the strongly foliated samples developed weaker CPOs. This in turn leads to weaker maximum P wave propagation anisotropy and S wave polarization anisotropy for this microstructural group. Our data, therefore, cast light on a strong control of intensity of melt‐peridotite interactions on deformation and seismic properties of the upper mantle beneath the NCC. If foliation and lineation are vertical and horizontal, respectively, the measured SKS splitting parameters can be well explained by the “fossil” anisotropy frozen in the lithospheric mantle, with no need to invoke asthenospheric flow as a source of the anisotropy.
Spatially resolved multimarker evaluation of CD274 (PD-L1)/PDCD1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint expression and macrophage polarisation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Elomaa Hanna , Ahtiainen Maarit , Väyrynen Sara A. , Ogino Shuji , Nowak Jonathan A. , Lau Mai Chan , Helminen Olli , Wirta Erkki-Ville , Seppälä Toni T. , Böhm Jan , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Kuopio Teijo , Väyrynen Juha P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The CD274 (PD-L1)/PDCD1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint interaction may promote cancer progression, but the expression patterns and prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-1 in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are inadequately characterised.

Methods
We used a custom 9-plex immunohistochemistry assay to quantify the expression patterns of PD-L1 and PD-1 in macrophages, T cells, and tumour cells in 910 colorectal cancer patients. We evaluated cancer-specific mortality according to immune cell subset densities using multivariable Cox regression models.

Results
Compared to PD-L1– macrophages, PD-L1+ macrophages were more likely M1-polarised than M2-polarised and located closer to tumour cells. PD-L1+ macrophage density in the invasive margin associated with longer cancer-specific survival [Ptrend = 0.0004, HR for the highest vs. lowest quartile, 0.52; 95% CI: 0.34–0.78]. T cell densities associated with longer cancer-specific survival regardless of PD-1 expression (Ptrend < 0.005 for both PD-1+ and PD-1– subsets). Higher densities of PD-1+ T cell/PD-L1+ macrophage clusters associated with longer cancer-specific survival (Ptrend < 0.005).

Conclusions
PD-L1+ macrophages show distinct polarisation profiles (more M1-like), spatial features (greater co-localisation with tumour cells and PD-1+ T cells), and associations with favourable clinical outcome. Our comprehensive multimarker assessment could enhance the understanding of immune checkpoints in the tumour microenvironment and promote the development of improved immunotherapies.
Immortal data: a qualitative exploration of patients’ understandings of genomic data
Authors: Lyle Kate , Weller Susie , Horton Rachel , Lucassen Anneke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs ambitions to ‘mainstream’ genetic and genomic medicine in the UK advance, patients are increasingly exposed to information about genomic data. Unlike the results of many other medical investigations which are linked to the time of sample collection, genomic testing provides immortal data that do not change across time, and may have relevance for relatives and generations far beyond the patient’s own lifespan. This immortality raises new ethical challenges for healthcare professionals, patients and families alike, such as ensuring consent for possible future interpretations; determining when genomic data are best sought (at birth, on illness etc) and reinterpreted; and balancing the confidentiality of patients and duties of care towards others. This paper reports on qualitative work exploring the perspectives of patients and relatives participating in genomic testing, and suggests that their engagements with this immortality are shaped by: the contrast between the simplicity of sample provision and information gathered; understandings of heritability; and notions of genomic data as a collective resource. We discuss the implications this holds for practice and argue that the immortality of genomic data must take a more prominent position in patient and healthcare professional interactions.
Genome-wide tiled detection of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-free DNA using Cas13
Authors: Thakku Sri Gowtham , Lirette Jackson , Murugesan Kanagavel , Chen Julie , Theron Grant , Banaei Niaz , Blainey Paul C. , Gomez James , Wong Sharon Y. , Hung Deborah T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetection of microbial cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in the bloodstream has emerged as a promising new approach for diagnosing infection. Microbial diagnostics based on cfDNA require assays that can detect rare and highly fragmented pathogen nucleic acids. We now report WATSON (Whole-genome Assay using Tiled Surveillance Of Nucleic acids), a method to detect low amounts of pathogen cfDNA that couples pooled amplification of genomic targets tiled across the genome with pooled CRISPR/Cas13-based detection of these targets. We demonstrate that this strategy of tiling improves cfDNA detection compared to amplification and detection of a single targeted locus. WATSON can detect cfDNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in plasma of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, a disease that urgently needs accurate, minimally-invasive, field-deployable diagnostics. We thus demonstrate the potential for translating WATSON to a lateral flow platform. WATSON demonstrates the ability to capitalize on the strengths of targeting microbial cfDNA to address the need for point-of-care diagnostic tests for infectious diseases.
Quantum decoherence of dark pulses in optical microresonators
Authors: Lao Chenghao , Jin Xing , Chang Lin , Wang Heming , Lv Zhe , Xie Weiqiang , Shu Haowen , Wang Xingjun , Bowers John E. , Yang Qi-Fan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantum fluctuations disrupt the cyclic motions of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in nonlinear optical microresonators and consequently cause timing jitter of the emitted pulse trains. This problem is translated to the performance of several applications that employ DKSs as compact frequency comb sources. Recently, device manufacturing and noise reduction technologies have advanced to unveil the quantum properties of DKSs. Here we investigate the quantum decoherence of DKSs existing in normal-dispersion microresonators known as dark pulses. By virtue of the very large material nonlinearity, we directly observe the quantum decoherence of dark pulses in an AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonator, and the underlying dynamical processes are resolved by injecting stochastic photons into the microresonators. Moreover, phase correlation measurements show that the uniformity of comb spacing of quantum-limited dark pulses is better than 1.2 × 10−16 and 2.5 × 10−13 when normalized to the optical carrier frequencies and repetition frequencies, respectively. Comparing DKSs generated in different material platforms explicitly confirms the advantages of dark pulses over bright solitons in terms of quantum-limited coherence. Our work establishes a critical performance assessment of DKSs, providing guidelines for coherence engineering of chip-scale optical frequency combs.
Mutation in glutamate transporter homologue GltTk provides insights into pathologic mechanism of episodic ataxia 6
Authors: Colucci Emanuela , Anshari Zaid R. , Patiño-Ruiz Miyer F. , Nemchinova Mariia , Whittaker Jacob , Slotboom Dirk J. , Guskov Albert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpisodic ataxias (EAs) are rare neurological conditions affecting the nervous system and typically leading to motor impairment. EA6 is linked to the mutation of a highly conserved proline into an arginine in the glutamate transporter EAAT1. In vitro studies showed that this mutation leads to a reduction in the substrates transport and an increase in the anion conductance. It was hypothesised that the structural basis of these opposed functional effects might be the straightening of transmembrane helix 5, which is kinked in the wild-type protein. In this study, we present the functional and structural implications of the mutation P208R in the archaeal homologue of glutamate transporters GltTk. We show that also in GltTk the P208R mutation leads to reduced aspartate transport activity and increased anion conductance, however a cryo-EM structure reveals that the kink is preserved. The arginine side chain of the mutant points towards the lipidic environment, where it may engage in interactions with the phospholipids, thereby potentially interfering with the transport cycle and contributing to stabilisation of an anion conducting state.