bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Pernafasan Dalam Dan Endhoprin Massage Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Kala I Fase Aktif Persalinan Di Puskesmas Kecamatan Tanah Abang Periode Januari 2020
Authors: Wijayanti Rina , Rahman Fariya Azzuri 
Published: July 2023

Rasa nyeri pada kehamilan dan persalinan diarikan sebagi sebuah “sinyal” untuk memberitahukan kepada ibu bahwa dirinya telah memasuki tahap proses persalinan. Nyeri merupakan mekanisme protektif bagi tubuh dan menyebabkan individu bereaksi untuk menghilangkan rangsang nyeri tersebut. Nyeri persalinan dapat berdampak pada meningkatkannya katekolamin sebesar 20-40%. Namun demikian banyak masyarakat yang menganggap kejadian nyeri persalinan yang tidak tertahankan mendorong ibu bersalin mencari beberapa alternatif untuk mengatasi nyeri diantaranya menggunakan obat anti nyeri seperti analgetik dan senative, dan berpotensi mempunyai efek yang kurang baik, baik bagi ibu maupun janin. Manajemen nyeri pada ibu bersalin salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan metode nonfarmakologi. Hal ini selian lebih murah, simpel, efektif dan tanpa efek yang merugikan serta dapat memberikan rasa kenyamanan pada ibu serta meningkatkan kepuasan selama persalinan dan mengurangi rasa trauma ibu. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas teknik pernafasan dalam dan endorphin massage terhadap intensitas nyeri kala I fase aktif persalinan pada ibu bersalin di Puskesmas Kecamatan Tanah Abang periode Januari 2020.
Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasy-Experimental Design (Eksperimen Semu) yang menggunakan salah satu rancangan penelitian Rancangan penelitian ini adalah pre dan post test design.. Populasi adalah ibu yang bersalin di Puskesmas Tanah Abang periode Januari 2020. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan accidentaly sampling dimana seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel selama periode Januari 2020, dengan memperhatian kriteria sampel.
Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa nilai rata-rata nyeri pada ibu bersalin sebelum diberikan pernafasan dalam yaitu 9,20 dan rata-rata nyeri menurun setelah diberikan pernafasan dalam menjadi 5,00. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata nyeri pada ibu bersalin sebelum diberikan endorphin massage yaitu 8,20 dan rata-rata nyeri menurun setelah diberikan endorphin massage menjadi 4,60. Hasil uji statistik di dapatkan nilai ?-value 0,000 kedua teknik efektif menurunkan nyeri namun jika dilihat rata-rata penurunan nyeri pada pernafasan adalah 4,200 lebih besar dibandingkan rata-rata penurunan nyeri pada endorphin massage yaitu 3,600. Dari hasil uji t didapatkan pula endorphin massage hasilnya lebih besar yaitu 14,697 dibandingkan pada pernafasan dalam 11,225 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua teknik mempunyai efektifitas yang sama terhadap penurunan tingkat nyeri pada ibu bersalin kala I fase aktif.
Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Dengan Pengisian Partograf Pada Mahasiswi di Akbid RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Tahun 2019
Authors: Wijayanti Rina 
Published: July 2023

Deteksi dini komplikasi persalinan merupakan salah satu penerapan peran dan fungsi bidan sebagai pelaksana.Dukungan pengetahuan pada seorang bidan merupakan syarat utama dalam melaksanakan deteksi dini komplikasi. Bidan maupun mahasiswi kebidanan dituntut memiliki pengetahuan yang tinggi. Salah satunya mengenai deteksi dini menggunakan alat pemantauan persalinan yaitu partograf. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan pengisian partograf pada mahasiswi di AKBID RSPAD Gatot Soebroto tahun 2019.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif sederhana, dengan menggunakan 76 mahasiswi VI Akademi Kebidanan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto sebagai objek penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah berupa data primer (kuisioner) dan menyebar soal kasus secara langsung dengan responden. Sebagian besar dari mahasiswi sudah berkemampuan baik dalam pengetahuan partograf yaitu sebanyak 68 responden (89,5%) dan 40 responden (52,6%) dapat mengisi partograf dengan lengkap dan tepat. Berdasarkan tabel 5.4 peneliti menilai Hubungan pengetahuan dengan pengisian partograf didapatkan hasil uji statistik nilai P = 0,023. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan pengisian partograf pada mahasiswi Semester VI di Akademi Kebidanan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Saran peneliti yaitu agar meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pengisian partograf pada mahasiswi secara tepat dan sesuai dalam pengisian partograf .
Status Kesehatan Mental Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Farmasi Angkatan Pertama Dalam Menyusun Skripsi Di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKes) Salsabila SerangTahun 2021
Authors: Anwar Ade , Fairuza Filda 
Published: July 2023

Pengerjaan skripsi merupakan tahap paling akhir dan menentukan dalam mencapai gelar sarjana. Dalam menyusun skripsi mahasiswa akan dituntut lebih mandiri dan disiplin dalam mengatur jadwal yang ketat untuk mencapai target-target perencanaan yang berkaitan dengan skripsinya. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui gambaran status kesehatan mental (depresi, kecemasan, dan stres) Mahasiswa Prodi S1 Farmasi Angkatan Pertama dalam menyusun skripsi di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Salsabila Serang Tahun 2021. Metode penelitian ialah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain survey. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner Depression, Anxiety And Stress Scale – 21 Items (DASS-21). Hasil Penelitian Dari 50 Mahasiswa yang menjadi subjek penelitian diperoleh hasil Depresi ; 88,00% Normal, 10% Ringan, 2% Sedang. Kecemasan ; 80% Normal, 12% Ringan, 6% Sedang, 2% Berat. Stres ; 66% Normal ; 14% kategori ringan dan sedang, 6% Berat. Kesimpulan Tingkat depresi, kecemasan dan stres Mahasiswa Angkatan Pertama Program Studi S1 Farmasi dalam menyusun skripsi di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Salsabila Serang secara umum berada pada kategori normal.
Pertolongan Persalinan Normal Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Klinik Enggal Sehat Desa Cidahu Kecamatan Kopo Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten Tahun 2021
Authors: Theresia Marbun Henny , Skania Pratiwi Cahya 
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran pertolongan persalinan normal dengan di masa pandemi covid 19 di Klinik Enggal Sehat Desa Cidahu Kecamatan Kopo Kabupaten Serang Tanun 2021. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2019 sebelum masa pandemi covid 19 angka persalinan normal sebanyak 340 persalinan sedangkan pada tahun 2020 di masa pandemi covid 19 angka persalinan normal menurun, sebanyak 238 persalinan. Sebagian besar ibu bersalin normal pada usia 20-35 tahun sebanyak 143 orang (81,71%) sedangkan ibu bersalin normal pada usia <19 tahun ada 2 orang (1,14%). Sebagian besar ibu bersalin normal pada multigravida sebanyak 107 orang (61,14%) sedangkan ibu bersalin normal pada primigravida 40 orang (22,85%). Sebagian besar ibu bersalin normal dengan pekerjaan ibu rumah tangga / IRT ada sebanyak 118 (67,42 %) sedangkan ibu bersalin normal dengan ibu bekerja ada sebanyak 57 (32,57%). Meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan terhadap masyarakat khusus nya ibu bersalin di masa pandemi covid 19 agar biasa mendeteksi dini penyakit atau komplikasi sejak masa kehamilan, agar dapat bersalin normal.
Skrining Fitokimia Seduhan Teh Celup Daun Insulin (Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) dan Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.)
Authors: Insani Nurul , Kurnia Nia Marlina , Buanawati Vina 
Published: July 2023

Flavonoids and saponins that have a lot of potential in the field of pharmacology. Flavonoids and saponins have a lot of potential in the field of pharmacology. The mechanism of action of saponins is by inhibiting GLUT-1 thereby reducing glucose absorption. Flavonoids in diabetes mellitus can avoid sugar absorption, stimulate glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, can also act like insulin by affecting the insulin signaling mechanism. Tannins can trigger glucose and fat metabolism so that the accumulation of these two sources of calories can be avoided, has hypoglycemic activity by increasing glycogenesis. The method is pure experimental method by conducting phytochemical screening of steeping teabags containing insulin leaves and green tea leaves. The results of phytochemical screening of insulin leaf teabags (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) and green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) showed the presence of secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins and saponins.

Flavonoid dan saponin yang banyak berpotensi dalam bidang farmakologi. Mekanisme kerja saponin yaitu dengan menghambat GLUT-1 sehingga menurunkan absorbsi glukosa. Flavonoid pada Diabetes melitus dapat menghindari absorbsi gula, menstimulasi pengambilan glukosa pada jaringan perifer, juga dapat bertindak seperti insulin dengan cara mempengaruhi mekanisme insulin signaling. Tanin dapat memicu metabolisme glukosa dan lemak sehingga timbunan dari kedua sumber kalori ini dapat dihindari, memiliki aktivitas hipoglikemik dengan meningkatkan glikogenesis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental murni dengan melakukan skrining fitokimia terhadap seduhan teh celup yang mengandung daun insulin dan daun teh hijau. Hasil skrining fitokimia teh celup daun insulin (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) dan daun teh hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) menunjukan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder flavonoid, tanin dan saponin.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Farmasi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Salsabila Serang terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Noviyanto Fajrin , Ardianto Teguh , Halimatusyadiah Leni , Shobah Afifah Nur 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out how students perceive online learning during this pandemic. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The subjects of this study were active Pharmacy students of STIKes Salsabila Serang from semesters 2, 4, 6 and 8, totaling 376 respondents. The data in this study were obtained using a questionnaire instrument distributed through Google Form with a Likert scale from 1 to 5: 1 means strongly disagree and 5 means strongly agree. There are three aspects of questions in the questionnaire distributed, these aspects are 1) aspects of teaching and learning, 2) aspects of lecturer competence, and 3) aspects of facilities and infrastructure. Of the three aspects, aspect 1 is in the Medium category with an average perception value of 3.40, aspect 2 is in the high category with an average perception of 3.94, and aspect 3 is in the high category with an average perception of 3.85. Furthermore, from the results of the recapitulation of the percentage of respondents' answers as a whole, it can be concluded that in general, Pharmacy students at STIKes Salsabila Serang have high perception of online learning with a perception average value of 3.72.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran secara daring di masa pandemi ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa aktif STIKes Salsabila Serang pada prodi S1-Farmasi dari semester 2, 4, 6 dan 8 yang berjumlah 376 responden. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrument angket yang disebar melalui Google Form dengan skala likert dari 1 sampai 5: 1 berarti sangat tidak setuju dan 5 berarti sangat setuju. Terdapat tiga aspek pertanyaan yang ada pada angket yang disebar, aspek tersebut yaitu 1) aspek belajar mengajar, 2) aspek kompetensi dosen, dan 3) aspek sarana dan prasarana. Dari ketiga aspek tersebut, aspek 1 masuk dalam kategori Sedang dengan nilai rerata persepsi 3,40, aspek 2 masuk kategori tinggi dengan rerata persepsi 3,94, dan aspek 3 masuk kategori tinggi dengan rerata persepsi 3,85. Selanjutnya, dari hasil rekapitulasi persentase jawaban reponden secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum mahasiswa STIKes Salsabila prodi S1-Farmasi memiliki persepsi tinggi pada pembelajaran daring dengan persentase nilai rerata persepsi 3,72.
A Review on Structure and Blood Lipid Reducing Activity of Fucoidan
Authors: Hai Lam The 
Published: July 2023

Seaweed is rich in biologically active substances, and fucoidan is of most interest because of its diversity in activity and structure. In Vietnam, 3 out of 10 adults have high blood cholesterol (accounting for 39%), and over 50% of women aged 50-65 have hypercholesterolemia. Blood fat index is one of the health indicators, especially in people who are overweight, obese, or have cardiovascular disease. Too much fat in the blood will lead to the risk of dangerous diseases such as myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular accident. Currently, many fucoidan products have been launched. Therefore, the paper presented fucoidan with its structure and lipid-lowering activity so that people can use them in decrease the disease
Tensões e reconfigurações no Ensino Superior: o modelo neoliberal chileno em debate
Authors: Quaresma Maria Luisa 
Published: July 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão teórica sobre a reconfiguração da universidade no sentido da massificação e mercadorização, tomando como exemplo o Chile, um dos países do mundo mais permeáveis às lógicas de mercado. Analisam-se os desafios de um processo de massificação ancorado na privatização e na segregação social e os recentes movimentos estudantis chilenos de contestação à mercadorização da educação. Discute-se assim um modelo educativo aplicado pelo neoliberalismo real durante 40 anos, acreditando ser este exemplo um contributo profícuo para o debate nacional em países onde os ventos da ideologia de mercado sopram com mais força.
IL-17A exacerbates psoriasis in a STAT3 overexpressing mouse model
Authors: Xie Xinran , Zhang Lei , Lin Yan , Liu Xin , Wang Ning , Li Ping 
Published: July 2023

Background
Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by immunocyte activation, excessive proliferation, and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) play a crucial role in linking activated keratinocytes and immunocytes during psoriasis development. T helper (Th) 17 cells and secreted interleukin (IL)-17A contribute to its pathogenesis. IL-17A treated STAT3 overexpressing mouse model might serve as an animal model for psoriasis.

Methods
In this study, we established a mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis by intradermal IL-17A injection in STAT3 overexpressing mice. Transcriptome analyses were performed on the skin of wild type (WT), STAT3, and IL-17A treated STAT3 mice. Bioinformatics-based functional enrichment analysis was conducted to predict biological pathways. Meanwhile, the morphological and pathological features of skin lesions were observed, and the DEGs were verified by qPCR.

Results
IL-17A treated STAT3 mice skin lesions displayed the pathological features of hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. The DEGs between IL-17A treated STAT3 mice and WT mice were highly consistent with those observed in psoriasis patients, including S100A8, S100A9, Sprr2, and LCE. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the core DEGs revealed a robust immune response, chemotaxis, and cornified envelope, et al. The major KEGG enrichment pathways included IL-17 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.

Conclusion
IL-17A exacerbates psoriasis dermatitis in a STAT3 overexpressing mouse.
A Study of Auction Bid Value of Fish Ponds in Anand District
Authors: Kantaria Prince , Dudhagara Chetan R. 
Published: July 2023

Inland fisheries are commercial fishing operations that take place in freshwater, providing high-quality protein, vital nutrients, and minerals. India is the third-largest fish producer in the world, producing 7.96 per cent of the world's fish. Gujarat produces the most marine fish in India, accounting for 18.80 per cent of total production and 1.51 per cent of inland fish production. Gujarat has the potential to develop the fishery sector due to its massive fishery resources and high trophic level. This study included 80 fish farmers in the Anand district of Gujarat. The majority of the fish farmers were male and in the above 40-year age group. The average pond size was less than 2 ha and the pond depth was less than 10 feet. The majority of the fish farmers were not involved in input marketing and fish harvesting activities. The 35 ponds were connected through local drainage lines in the village. 44 ponds were dry in summer, so they can be filled with tube well, borewells, and canal water sources. Comparing different categorical variables with lease amount per hectare.
Impact of Ohmic Heating on Electrical Conductivity and Specific Heat of Black Cumin Seed Slurry
Authors: R. Sawant Sanket , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Mani Indra 
Published: July 2023

Aim: This study examined the effects of ohmic heating on the electrical conductivity and specific heat on slurry of black cumin seeds. Both the properties are taken into consideration in heat and mass transfer operations.
Materials and Methods: The slurry was heated from 26 ºC to 90 ºC in a batch-type laboratory-scale ohmic heater at different electric field strengths (650, 750 and 850 V/m) and end point temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 ºC), respectively.
Results and Conclusion: It was statistically investigated that the electric field strengths and end point temperatures had a significant effect (p<0.01) on both electric conductivity and specific heat at a 1% level of significance. The results of the current study clearly showed that, with rising end point temperatures and electric field strengths, respectively, electrical conductivity and specific heat values grew linearly. The value of R2 (>0.97) of the linear model showed that the linear model was suitable for the describing the electrical conductivity curve and specific heat of the ohmic heating process of the black cumin seed slurry.
Spending on Phased Clinical Development of Approved Drugs by the US National Institutes of Health Compared With Industry
Authors: Zhou Edward W. , Jackson Matthew J. , Ledley Fred D. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceThe launch of the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health to advance new cures and address public concern regarding drug prices has raised questions about the roles of government and industry in drug development.ObjectivesTo compare National Institutes of Health (NIH) spending on phased clinical development of approved drugs with that by industry.DesignThis cross-sectional study examined NIH funding for published research reporting the results of phased clinical trials of drugs approved between 2010 and 2019 and compared the findings with reported industry spending estimates. Data analysis was performed between May 2021 and August 2022 using PubMed data from January 1999 through October 2021 and NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results data from January 1999 through December 2020.ExposuresDrugs approved between 2010 and 2019.Main Outcome and MeasuresNational Institutes of Health funding for published research describing applied research on approved drugs, basic research on their biological targets, and phased clinical trials related to drugs approved between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated using Mann-WhitneyUtests. All costs were inflation adjusted to 2018.ResultsNational Institutes of Health funding for basic or applied research related to 386 of 387 drugs approved between 2010 and 2019 totaled $247.3 billion. Of this amount, $8.1 billion (3.3%) was related to phased clinical development. This funding contributed to 12 340 publications on phased clinical trial results involving 240 of 387 (62.0%) drugs. Average NIH spending was $33.8 million per drug, including $13.9 million per drug for phase 1, $22.2 million per drug for phase 2, and $12.9 million per drug for phase 3 trials. Spending by NIH on phased development represented 9.8% to 10.7% of estimated industry spending, including 24.6% to 25.3% of estimated phase 1, 21.4% to 23.2% of phase 2, and 3.7% to 4.3% of phase 3 costs. Considering 60 products for which estimated industry costs were publicly available, NIH spending on clinical trials was significantly lower than estimated industry spending (sum of averages, $54.9 million per drug; mean difference, $326.0 million; 95% CI, $235.6-$416.4 million; 2-tailed pairedttestP &amp;lt; .001). More than 90% of NIH funding came through cooperative agreements or program projects and centers, while 3.3% of NIH funding came through investigator-initiated research projects.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, NIH funding for phased clinical development of drugs approved between 2010 and 2019 represented a small fraction of NIH spending on pharmaceutical innovation. This spending focused primarily on early-phase clinical trials and research capacity and was significantly less than estimated industry spending on clinical development. These results may inform the efficient allocation of government funding to advance pharmaceutical innovation.
Synthesis of [(R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS]NiCl2for the Enantioselective Acetal Formation fromN‐Propanoyl‐1,3‐Thiazinane‐2‐Thione and Trimethyl Orthoformate
Authors: Kennington Stuart C. D. , Romea* Pedro , Urpí* Fèlix 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of [(R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS]NiCl2for the enantioselective acetal formation fromN‐Propanoyl1,3‐Thiazinane‐2‐thione and trimethyl orthoformate. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. The procedures in Organic Syntheses are intended for use only by persons with proper training in experimental organic chemistry. The enantioselective and catalytic construction of carbon–carbon bonds from enolates has attracted much attention in recent years.
Synthesis of Alkylboronic Esters from Alkyl Iodides
Authors: Liu Qianyi , Liang Hao , Zhou Shangyong , Zhang Lei , Yang Jianxin , Yin Yunxing , Yang Yang , Qiu Di , Mo* Fanyang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of alkylboronic esters from alkyl iodides. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Alkylboronic acids and esters are versatile building blocks in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions and key intermediates in functional group interconversions. Conventional methods to prepare alkylboronates include the electrophilic borylation of organolithium reagents or Grignard reagents, transition‐metal‐catalyzed hydroboration of olefins, and transition‐metal‐catalyzed C–H borylation of hydrocarbons.