bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy hyperspheres via confining potentials and energy cutoffs
Authors: Fiore Gaetano 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We simplify and complete the construction of fully O(D)-equivariant fuzzy spheres

S
Λ
d

, for all dimensions

d
≡
D
−
1

, initiated in Fiore and Pisacane (2018 J. Geom. Phys.
132 423–51). This is based on imposing a suitable energy cutoff on a quantum particle in

R

D

subject to a confining potential well V(r) with a very sharp minimum on the sphere of radius r = 1; the cutoff and the depth of the well diverge with

Λ
∈

N

. As a result, the noncommutative Cartesian coordinates

x
‾

i

generate the whole algebra of observables

on the Hilbert space

; applying polynomials in the

x
‾

i

to any

we recover the whole

. The commutators of the

x
‾

i

are proportional to the angular momentum components, as in Snyder noncommutative spaces.

, as carrier space of a reducible representation of O(D), is isomorphic to the space of harmonic homogeneous polynomials of degree Λ in the Cartesian coordinates of (commutative)

R

D
+
1

, which carries an irreducible representation

π
Λ

of

O
(
D
+
1
)
⊃
O
(
D
)

. Moreover,

is isomorphic to

π
Λ

U
s
o
(
D
+
1
)

. We resp. interpret

,

as fuzzy deformations of the space

of (square integrable) functions on S

d
and of the associated algebra

of observables, because they resp. go to

as Λ diverges (with

ℏ

fixed). With suitable

ℏ
=
ℏ
(
Λ
)

⟶

Λ
→
∞

0

, in the same limit

goes to the (algebra of functions on the) Poisson manifold

T

∗

S
d

; more formally,

yields a fuzzy quantization of a coadjoint orbit of

O
(
D
+
1
)

that goes to the classical phase space

T

∗

S
d

.
Nonreciprocal coupling induced chiral absorption
Authors: Wang Zuojia , Yang Haochen , Jing Liqiao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the past decades, metamaterial absorbers that show customizable absorption and reduced thicknesses have witnessed an impressive success in a variety of applications in light manipulation. Here, we study the nonreciprocal coupling effect between the resonant modes in absorbers and discover a chiral absorption behavior under asymmetric phase coupling. A coupled-mode theory is established to quantitatively analyze the inherent nonreciprocal chiro-optical effects and the degeneration mechanism of chiral resonances for time-reversed breaking absorption is disclosed. A prototype nonreciprocal metamaterial absorber is proposed to achieve perfect absorption in the forward channel and total reflection in the time-reversed channel. Our findings provide an alternative avenue toward spin-selective nonreciprocal photonics.
Symmetry-based computational search for novel binary and ternary 2D materials
Authors: Wang Hai-Chen , Schmidt Jonathan , Marques Miguel A L , Wirtz Ludger , Romero Aldo H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present a symmetry-based systematic approach to explore the structural and compositional richness of two-dimensional materials. We use a ‘combinatorial engine’ that constructs candidate compounds by occupying all possible Wyckoff positions for a certain space group with combinations of chemical elements. These combinations are restricted by imposing charge neutrality and the Pauling test for electronegativities. The structures are then pre-optimized with a specially crafted universal neural-network force-field, before a final step of geometry optimization using density-functional theory is performed. In this way we unveil an unprecedented variety of two-dimensional materials, covering the whole periodic table in more than 30 different stoichiometries of form A
n
B
m
or A
n
B
m
C
k
. Among the discovered structures, we find examples that can be built by decorating nearly all Platonic and Archimedean tessellations as well as their dual Laves or Catalan tilings. We also obtain a rich, and unexpected, polymorphism for some specific compounds. We further accelerate the exploration of the chemical space of two-dimensional materials by employing machine-learning-accelerated prototype search, based on the structural types discovered in the systematic search. In total, we obtain around 6500 compounds, not present in previous available databases of 2D materials, with a distance to the convex hull of thermodynamic stability smaller than 250 meV/atom.
The Position of the Nipple-Areola Complex in Breast Augmentation
Authors: Benito-Ruiz Jesus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
There is some controversy regarding whether the nipple-areola complex (NAC) is elevated, remains stable, or is lowered in breast augmentation. There is a general belief that one can modulate its position depending on the implant chosen. In addition, many preoperative markings include elevating the arms to predict the final position of the NAC.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the position of the NAC and determine whether the postoperative position of the NAC can be predicted preoperatively by elevating the arms.

Methods
The study included 45 patients. A 3-dimensional scan was performed to take basal (preoperative) and 12-month measurements with the patient's arms in abduction and elevated over the head. The distances measured were the sternal notch-nipple (SN-Ni), nipple-nipple (Ni-Ni), and nipple-inframammary fold (Ni-IMF) distances.

Results
With arms abducted, the SN-Ni distance increased by 6% when measured linearly, 8.5% when measured on the skin surface, and 1% to 2% when measured on the sternal line. The Ni-Ni distance increased by 9% (linear) and 15% (over the surface). The Ni-IMF increased by 44%. With arms adducted, the SN-Ni distance increased by 9% (linear), 12% (on the skin surface), and 0.5% at the sternal midline projection. The Ni-Ni distance increased 11% (linear) and 19% (on the surface). The Ni-IMF distance increased by 53%. The postoperative position of the NAC with the arms abducted increased by 17% compared with the preoperative position in adduction.

Conclusions
Implants do not elevate the NAC; its position remains nearly unaltered. The SN-Ni distance was increased in 90% of the patients. Lifting the arms for preoperative markings does not help to predict the postoperative position of the NAC.

Level of Evidence: 4
bootRanges: flexible generation of null sets of genomic ranges for hypothesis testing
Authors: Mu Wancen , Davis Eric S , Lee Stuart , Dozmorov Mikhail G , Phanstiel Douglas H , Love Michael I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Enrichment analysis is a widely utilized technique in genomic analysis that aims to determine if there is a statistically significant association between two sets of genomic features. To conduct this type of hypothesis testing, an appropriate null model is typically required. However, the null distribution that is commonly used can be overly simplistic and may result in inaccurate conclusions.

Results
bootRanges provides fast functions for generation of block bootstrapped genomic ranges representing the null hypothesis in enrichment analysis. As part of a modular workflow, bootRanges offers greater flexibility for computing various test statistics leveraging other Bioconductor packages. We show that shuffling or permutation schemes may result in overly narrow test statistic null distributions and over-estimation of statistical significance, while creating new range sets with a block bootstrap preserves local genomic correlation structure and generates more reliable null distributions. It can also be used in more complex analyses, such as accessing correlations between cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and genes across cell types or providing optimized thresholds, e.g. log fold change (logFC) from differential analysis.

Availability and implementation
bootRanges is freely available in the R/Bioconductor package nullranges hosted at https://bioconductor.org/packages/nullranges.
Social Work Research in the UK: A View through the Lens of REF2021
Authors: Stanley Nicky , Sharland Elaine , Geoghegan Luke , Barn Ravinder , Milne Alisoun , Phillips Judith , Swales Kirby 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Research Assessment Exercise was introduced in 1986 to measure research quality and to determine the allocation of higher education funding. The renamed Research Excellence Framework (REF) has become an important barometer of research capacity and calibre across academic disciplines in UK universities. Based on the expert insights of REF sub-panel members for Unit of Assessment 20 (UOA20), Social Work and Social Policy, this article contributes to understanding of the current state of UK social work research. It documents the process of research quality assessment and reports on the current social work research landscape, including impact. Given its growing vigour, increased engagement with theory and conceptual frameworks, policy and practice and its methodological diversity, it is evident that social work research has achieved considerable consolidation and growth in its activity and knowledge base. Whilst Russell Group and older universities cluster at the top of the REF rankings, this cannot be taken for granted as some newer institutions performed well in REF2021. The article argues that the discipline’s embeddedness in interdisciplinary research, its quest for social justice and its applied nature align well with the REF framework where interdisciplinarity, equality, diversity and inclusion and impact constitute core principles.
A dated phylogeny of the Neotropical Dipterygeae clade reveals 30 million years of winged papilionate floral conservatism in the otherwise florally labile early-branching papilionoid legumes
Authors: Carvalho Catarina S , de Lima Haroldo Cavalcante , Lemes Maristerra Rodrigues , Zartman Charles E , van den Berg Cássio , García-Dávila Carmen Rosa , Honorio Coronado Eurídice N , Mader Malte , Paredes-Villanueva Kathelyn , Tysklind Niklas , Cardoso Domingos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The early-branching clades of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae are characterized by their remarkable lability in floral architecture. In contrast, more derived papilionoid lineages are marked by evolutionary conservatism towards strongly bilateral, papilionate flowers. Here, we show an unexpected example of conservatism of a unique floral architecture during the early diversification history of the papilionoids. We built the most comprehensively sampled molecular phylogenetic tree with a focus on the early-diverging papilionoid Dipterygeae clade to evaluate conservatism of the winged papilionate architecture and associated traits related to flower specialization (e.g. zygomorphy, petal differentiation, stable stamen number and stamen sheath). Dipterygeae comprise c. 22 species of mostly giant trees from across tropical forests in Central America and the Amazon, but they are also ecologically dominant in the savannas of the Brazilian Central Plateau. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S and plastid matK and trnL intron sequences strongly supported inter-relationships and the monophyly of each genus (Dipteryx, Monopteryx, Pterodon and Taralea). Bayesian relaxed-clock dating and a Bayesian model of ancestral character estimation revealed c. 30 Myr of conservatism of all winged papilionate-related flower traits in a clade comprising the most recent common ancestor of Dipteryx, Pterodon and Taralea, but lability in fruit morphology during the diversification of the entire Dipterygeae clade. Despite Monopteryx and remaining Dipterygeae being florally discrepant, they are collectively defined by a floral synapomorphy that is unique among all papilionoid Fabaceae: the highly differentiated calyx, where the two upper lobes are enlarged and wing-like, whereas the other three lower lobes are reduced. We suggest that the different dispersal strategies and the ancient winged papilionate floral conservatism in Dipterygeae, which has maintained effective ecological interactions with specialized pollinators and ensured the protection of young flower buds and developing fruits, may explain successful evolutionary and ecological persistence of the clade across the main Neotropical biomes.
Cation leak through the ATP1A3 pump causes spasticity and intellectual disability
Authors: Calame Daniel G , Moreno Vadillo Cristina , Berger Seth , Lotze Timothy , Shinawi Marwan , Poupak Javaher , Heller Corina , Cohen Julie , Person Richard , Telegrafi Aida , Phitsanuwong Chalongchai , Fiala Kaylene , Thiffault Isabelle , Del Viso Florencia , Zhou Dihong , Fleming Emily A , Pastinen Tomi , Fatemi Ali , Thomas Sruthi , Pascual Samuel I , Torres Rosa J , Prior Carmen , Gómez-González Clara , Biskup Saskia , Lupski James R , Maric Dragan , Holmgren Miguel , Regier Debra , Yano Sho T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
ATP1A3 encodes the α3 subunit of the sodium-potassium ATPase, one of two isoforms responsible for powering electrochemical gradients in neurons. Heterozygous pathogenic ATP1A3 variants produce several distinct neurological syndromes, yet the molecular basis for phenotypic variability is unclear.
We report a novel recurrent variant, ATP1A3(NM_152296.5):c.2324C&gt;T; p.(Pro775Leu), in nine individuals associated with the primary clinical features of progressive or non-progressive spasticity and developmental delay/intellectual disability. No patients fulfil diagnostic criteria for ATP1A3-associated syndromes, including alternating hemiplegia of childhood, rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism or cerebellar ataxia-areflexia-pes cavus-optic atrophy-sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS), and none were suspected of having an ATP1A3-related disorder. Uniquely among known ATP1A3 variants, P775L causes leakage of sodium ions and protons into the cell, associated with impaired sodium binding/occlusion kinetics favouring states with fewer bound ions.
These phenotypic and electrophysiologic studies demonstrate that ATP1A3:c.2324C&gt;T; p.(Pro775Leu) results in mild ATP1A3-related phenotypes resembling complex hereditary spastic paraplegia or idiopathic spastic cerebral palsy. Cation leak provides a molecular explanation for this genotype-phenotype correlation, adding another mechanism to further explain phenotypic variability and highlighting the importance of biophysical properties beyond ion transport rate in ion transport diseases.
Low-intensity focused ultrasound ameliorates depression-like behaviors associated with improving the synaptic plasticity in the vCA1-mPFC pathway
Authors: Wang Faqi , Cai Qiuquan , Ju Rongfang , Wang Sutong , Liu Lu , Pan Meiyi , Sun Ning , Wang Xiunan , Wang Ling , Yang Jiajia , Zheng Chenguang , Ming Dong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It is of great social significance and clinical value to explore new effective treatments for depression. Low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation (LIFUS) has been indicated to have notable neuroprotective effects on depression. However, little is known about how different strategies of LIFUS affect the therapeutic effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the effects of LIFUS on depression-like behaviors are associated with the intensity and the underlying mechanisms. We established the depression rats model using the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and applied the LIFUS with high/low intensity (Ispta = 500 and 230 mW/cm2, respectively) to the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after CUS. We found that two intensities of LIFUS both could significantly improve depression-like behaviors to a comparable degree. We further found that theta oscillation synchronization and synaptic functional plasticity in the hippocampal vCA1-mPFC pathway were significantly improved by chronic LIFUS which mainly due to the alternation of synaptic structural plasticity and the expression of post-synaptic proteins in the mPFC. These results suggest that LIFUS ameliorates the depression-like behaviors associated with improving the synaptic plasticity in the vCA1-mPFC pathway. Our study provides preclinical evidence and a theoretical basis for applying LIFUS for depression treatment.
Comparison of the predictive power of two models of cortico-cortical connections in primates: the distance rule model and the structural model
Authors: Aparicio-Rodríguez Gonzalo , García-Cabezas Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Synaptic tract-tracing studies in macaques have provided a wealth of data about cortico-cortical connections that have been used to identify regularities and propose models and theories to explain cortical connectivity. The two most relevant of these models are the distance rule model (DRM) and the structural model (SM). They relate the strength and laminar pattern of cortico-cortical connections to two different factors: Euclidean distance (according to the DRM) and cortical type distance (according to the SM). If both predictive factors were correlated, the DRM and the SM would be compatible, but quite often, two cortical areas of similar cortical type are far apart from each other. In the present article, we have performed a conceptual analysis of the DRM and the SM to obtain predictions from each of the two models about strength and laminar pattern of cortico-cortical connections. We then tested the predictive power of each model with analyses of several cortico-cortical connectivity databases to check which of them provide the most accurate predictions. We conclude that the DRM and the SM capture the decrease in connection strength with increasing Euclidean and cortical type distances, respectively; but, for laminar pattern, type distance is a better predictor than Euclidean distance.
Diversity and composition of beetle assemblages attracted to dung in cloud forests under active and passive restoration practices
Authors: Gelviz-Gelvez Sandra Milena , Ramírez-Hernández Alfredo , Barragán Felipe , Flores-Cano Jorge Alberto , Amador-Cázares Stephanie Guadalupe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ecosystem loss and degradation has become a worldwide concern. The implementation of ecological restoration plans has been proposed to facilitate the recovery of ecosystems. It is imperative that once restoration strategies have been implemented, the effects of these actions in the medium and long term be evaluated, particularly the structure and functioning of the ecosystem. Diversity (α- and β-diversity) of beetles attracted to dung was assessed and compared in 3 habitat conditions (conserved forest, passive restoration, and active restoration) at 2 different seasons during the year (dry vs. rainy season) in cloud forest in San Luis Potosí (central Mexico). We found that the dry season was slightly richer than the rainy season, but the latter was significantly more diverse. Species diversity and composition in active restoration were more similar to passive restoration, and both differed greatly from the conserved forest. In contrast, conserved and passive restoration conditions exhibited similar patterns in β-diversity of insects likely because they maintain more species associated with the original vegetation of the cloud forest. Beetle assemblages could be of more habitat generalists, as they actively distribute across the restoration sites. Beetles attracted to dung provide an overview of the effect of restoration in early faunal recovery, even though we monitored this entomofauna for a short period (31 months after the restoration plots were established). These beetles can be a useful indicator for exploring the main forces driving species diversity for the management and conservation status of cloud forests, a threatened ecosystem.
Income distribution in Warsaw in the 1830s
Authors: Wroński Marcin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I estimate income inequality in Warsaw in the early XIX century, using the 1833 tax census as the data source. I compare the income of Jews and Christians and investigate the spatial dimension of income inequality in the city. In 1833, income inequality in Warsaw was very high by modern standards and medium by contemporary standards. The Gini index stood at 0.59, and the share of the top 1% was 19%. The inequality extraction ratio was 76%. The mean income of Jews was significantly higher than the mean income of Christians. Mean income varied strongly across districts of the city.
Are we looking at crises through polarized lenses? Predicting public assessments of the official early responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries
Authors: Lobera Josep , Santana Andrés , Gross Catherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Understanding public appraisal of the governments’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic has extensive implications for the political management of crises that require a substantial amount of civil collaboration. Using open data from a comparative online survey in eight countries (Australia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States), we have run mixed multilevel fixed-effects models for the pooled data and linear regression models for each country to investigate which factors are associated with respondents’ evaluations (i.e. assessments of the effectiveness) of their governments’ responses to the pandemic. Results show that political orientations, including left-right ideology and interventionist values, are strongly associated with evaluations. Their associations with government evaluations are remarkably similar in all eight countries, indicating that the pattern of influence persists across different contexts. In some countries, personal experiences with the crisis and socio-demographic characteristics also condition the evaluation of governments’ responses. Our results show that political ideology serves as a shortcut for the assessment of urgent and controversial measures by governments. This has implications for the ability of governments to elicit citizens’ cooperation with the policies confronting the crisis and can impact the effectiveness of government responses to protect people from harm.
Generating Older Adult Multimorbidity Trajectories Using Various Comorbidity Indices and Calculation Methods
Authors: Newman Michael G , Porucznik Christina A , Date Ankita P , Abdelrahman Samir , Schliep Karen C , VanDerslice James A , Smith Ken R , Hanson Heidi A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older adult multimorbidity trajectories are helpful for understanding the current and future health patterns of aging populations. The construction of multimorbidity trajectories from comorbidity index scores will help inform public health and clinical interventions targeting those individuals that are on unhealthy trajectories. Investigators have used many different techniques when creating multimorbidity trajectories in prior literature, and no standard way has emerged. This study compares and contrasts multimorbidity trajectories constructed from various methods.

Research Design and Methods
We describe the difference between aging trajectories constructed with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). We also explore the differences between acute (single-year) and chronic (cumulative) derivations of CCI and ECI scores. Social determinants of health can affect disease burden over time; thus, our models include income, race/ethnicity, and sex differences.

Results
We use group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to estimate multimorbidity trajectories for 86,909 individuals aged 66–75 in 1992 using Medicare claims data collected over the following 21 years. We identify low-chronic disease and high-chronic disease trajectories in all 8 generated trajectory models. Additionally, all 8 models satisfied prior established statistical diagnostic criteria for well-performing GBTM models.

Discussion and Implications
Clinicians may use these trajectories to identify patients on an unhealthy path and prompt a possible intervention that may shift the patient to a healthier trajectory.