bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-traditional Migration in South Asia
Authors: Ullah A. K. M. Ahsan , Hossain Mallik Akram , Huque Ahmed Shafiqul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraditional migration drivers are being supplanted in certain situations by non-traditional drivers in South Asian (SA) countries. Traditional factors such as economic, climatic, and political concerns appear to be driving a particular group of people to leave. In recent years, however, some fresh factors have emerged in South Asia that have led to the emergence of a new type of migration, namely wealthy South Asians leaving their countries to settle elsewhere in order to secure their accumulated wealth in ways they do not want to disclose. This results in a reverse remittance flow. This study aims to contribute to the discourse on this new category of migrants, which is distinct from traditional migration flows that include economic and forced migration.
An Analysis of the Impact of International Remittances on Child Education: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Oda Hisaya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of international remittances on children’s education in families that receive remittances in Pakistan. Remittances sent from overseas migrants play many roles. At the household level, workers’ remittances are an important source of income for recipient households and are used for a wide range of purposes, including daily consumption and the education of migrants’ children and/or siblings. South Asia is the largest remittance-receiving region, accounting for 25.1% of the world’s remittances in 2019. This flow of money from overseas has a significant positive impact on recipient households. Using data on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, taken from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2014–15, this chapter investigates whether receiving remittances influences the middle and secondary school enrollment of children. The findings indicate a positive impact of international remittances on the school enrollment of male children but a non-significant impact on female children. They also show that the probability of enrollment declines if the household receives internal remittances. The study reveals various influences of internal and international remittances on school enrollment and confirms a considerable disparity in middle and secondary school enrollment among male and female children.
Optimal Time-Step for Coupled CFD-DEM Model in Sand Production
Authors: Kazidenov Daniyar , Omirbekov Sagyn , Amanbek Yerlan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) is a useful tool for modeling the dynamics of sand production that occurs in oil and gas reservoirs. To perform accurate, physically relevant and efficient calculations, the optimal size of the simulation time-step should be selected. In this study, we investigate the selection of an appropriate time-step interval between CFD and DEM models in sand production simulations. The CPU time, speedup and root mean squared relative error of the obtained results are examined to compare the sand production phenomenon at different coupling numbers. Most of the results including the final sand production rate, bond number and bond ratio indicate that the simulations with coupling numbers of N = 10 and N = 100 produce more accurate results. Moreover, these outcomes demonstrate significant improvements in terms of acceleration of the modeling process.
Natural Fracture Network Model Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Merembayev Timur , Amanbek Yerlan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA fracture network model is a powerful tool for characterizing fractured rock systems. In this paper, we present the fracture network model by integrating a machine learning algorithm in two-dimensional setting to predict the natural fracture topology in porous media. We also use a machine learning algorithm to predict the fracture azimuth angle for the natural fault data from Kazakhstan. The results indicate that the fracture network model with LightGBM performs better in designing a fracture network parameter for hidden areas based on data from the known area. In addition, the numerical result of the machine learning algorithm shows a good result for randomly selected data of the fracture azimuth.
Agricultural Crops and Spatial Distribution of Migrants: Case Studies in Campania Region (Southern Italy)
Authors: Mauro Giovanni , Ronza Maria , De Simone Claudio Sossio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the current context of increasing stabilization of migrants permanently residing in the Campania region (southern Italy), this paper aims to investigate the relationship between the spatial distribution of migrants and the work opportunities in the agricultural sector. We analyse data in the agriculture and population censuses currently available at the municipality level (referring to 2011) and we apply spatial autocorrelation techniques, using the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. The maps clusters of migrants (classified by continent) and agricultural crops or breeding (horticulture, orchards and citrus, buffalo and poultry farms), highlight a positive spatial correspondence between resulting hot spots. Finally, we overlay the resulting cluster maps to understand the significance of any external factors, such as the employment opportunities in the areas where migrants have settled.
Exact $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2* Schur line defect correlators
Authors: Hatsuda Yasuyuki , Okazaki Tadashi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the Schur line defect correlation functions in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2∗ U(N) super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. We find exact closed-form formulae of the correlation functions of the Wilson line operators in the fundamental, antisymmetric and symmetric representations via the Fermi-gas method in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles. All the Schur line defect correlators are shown to be expressible in terms of multiple series that generalizes the Kronecker theta function. From the large N correlators we obtain generating functions for the spectra of the D5-brane giant and the D3-brane dual giant and find a correspondence between the fluctuation modes and the plane partition diamonds.
Spacelike hypersurfaces in twisted product spacetimes with complete fiber and Calabi–Bernstein-type problems
Authors: Soria Alberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article spacelike hypersurfaces immersed in twisted product spacetimes $$I\times _f F$$

I

×
f

F

with complete fiber are studied. Several conditions ensuring global hyperbolicity are presented, and a relation that needs to hold on each immersed spacelike hypersurface in $$I\times _f F$$

I

×
f

F

to be a simple warped product is also derived. When the fiber is assumed to be closed (compact and without boundary) and the ambient spacetime has a suitable expanding behaviour, non-existence results for constant mean curvature hypersurfaces are obtained. Under the same hypothesis, a characterization of compact maximal hypersurfaces and other for totally umbilic ones with a suitable restriction on their mean curvature are presented, and a full description of maximal hypersurfaces in twisted product spacetimes with a one-dimensional Lorentzian fiber is also included. Finally, the mean curvature equation for a spacelike graph on the fiber is computed and as an application, some Calabi–Bernstein-type results are proven.
Topology of Irregular Isomonodromy Times on a Fixed Pointed Curve
Authors: Douçot Jean , Rembado Gabriele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe will define and study moduli spaces of deformations of irregular classes on Riemann surfaces, which provide an intrinsic viewpoint on the ‘times’ of irregular isomonodromy systems in general. Our aim is to study the deeper generalisation of the G-braid groups that occur as fundamental groups of such deformation spaces, with particular focus on the generalisation of the full G-braid groups.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the risk of immediate postoperative deep vein thrombosis after open wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Guo Haichuan , Wang Tianyu , Li Chengsi , Yu Jiahao , Zhu Ruoxuan , Wang Maolin , Zhu Yanbin , Wang Juan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to identify independent risk factors for immediate postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) and to develop and validate a predictive nomogram.MethodsPatients who underwent OWHTO for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) from June 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline data and laboratory test results were collected, and the occurrence of DVT in the immediate postoperative period was regarded as the study outcome event. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors associated with a higher incidence of immediate postoperative DVT. The predictive nomogram was constructed based on the analysis results. The stability of the model was further assessed in this study using patients from January to September 2022 as an external validation set.Results741 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 547 were used in the training cohort and the other 194 for the validation cohort. Multivariate analysis revealed a higher Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) grade (III vs. I–II OR 3.09, 95% CI 0.93–10.23. IV vs. I–II OR 5.23, 95% CI 1.27–21.48.), platelet to hemoglobin ratio (PHR) > 2.25 (OR 6.10, 95% CI 2.43–15.33), Low levels of albumin (ALB) (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70–0.90), LDL‐C > 3.40 (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.22–7.65), d‐dimer > 1.26 (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.16–6.87) and BMI ≥ 28 (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.02–6.50) were the independent risk factors of immediate postoperative DVT. The concordance index (C‐index) and Brier score of the nomogram were 0.832 and 0.036 in the training set, and the corrected values after internal validation were 0.795 and 0.038, respectively. The receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the calibration curve, the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) performed well in both the training and validation cohorts.ConclusionThis study developed a personalized predictive nomogram with six predictors, which allows surgeons to stratify risk and recommended immediate ultrasound scans for patients with any of these factors.Level of evidenceIII.
Generative design of space frames for additive manufacturing technology
Authors: Watson Marcus , Leary Martin , Downing David , Brandt Milan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA generative design methodology is presented that solves for minimum volume and compliance space-frame systems, with consideration of stress and buckling constraints. The solution space is explored using formal topology optimisation routines. A parameterisation method converts voxelised topology optimisation solutions into skeletonised connectivity representations. An inequality constrained gradient descent optimisation method optimises and defines cross-sectional geometry. This enables fast and automatic solution generation, providing designers with sets of high-performing problem solutions. Skeleton representations provide an inexpensive modelling tool for parallel analysis of physical problems difficult to model using topology optimisation. Geometry is represented using traditional engineering cross-sections with well understood behaviour. This improves certainty in the performance of solutions, simplifying certification processes. The generative design of a structural aerospace bracket for additive manufacture has been used as a case study within this research. A design of experiments produced 360 topology optimisation results, altering input variables and discretisation resolution to identify their effect on solution outcomes and the performance of parameterisation. The proposed method was found to robustly generate high-performing solutions utilising low-resolution topology optimisation. Additionally, 6 high-performing topologies were identified, providing designers with a set of solutions to select from. Limitations on the parameterisation process were identified, with topology optimisation solutions with volume fractions above 0.2 not parameterising successfully, and simulations with a resolution of 5 mm element size and below generating low performing skeletonised topologies.
A syntactic analysis of a complex motor action: the octopus arm ‘slap’
Authors: Alupay Jean , Mather Jennifer , Iskarous Khalil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe analysis of a natural motor action is always difficult, especially when different motor programs are combined within the same interaction with the environment. We analyzed the behavior of an octopus, Abdopus sp., filmed in tidal pools in Okinawa, Japan, which used the kinematic primitives of rotation and translation of its hydrostatic arms, and combined these kinematic behaviors serially and in parallel to ‘slap’ at fish in the wild. In total, 19 slaps were analyzed. The kinematics of arm movement were measured in both external and animal-centered reference frames, while the octopus was slapping at the fish. By combining these primitives, the octopus is able to maintain flexibility while controlling only a few degrees of freedom, a concept we term ‘flexible rigidity’. This slapping action supports Flash and Hochner’s embodied organization view of motor behavior, as well as their idea that motor primitives can combine syntactically to form a complex action. The octopus’s ability to use sensory feedback from the position of a moving fish target, along with the feed-forward motor primitives, allows for the building of complex actions at dynamic equilibrium with the environment. Over all, these findings lead to a more realistic view of how a complex behavior allows an animal to coordinate with its environment.
On the safety of group manipulation
Authors: Peters Hans , Veselova Yuliya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGroups of voters have more possibilities to influence the voting result than separate individuals. However, there is a problem with coordinating their actions. This paper considers manipulation by groups of voters who have the same preferences. If a voting result is more preferable for voters of a particular group provided that all its members use the same strategy (report the same insincere preference), then each of these members has an incentive to manipulate. If there is a chance that they will become worse off in case only a subset of the whole group manipulates, then manipulation is unsafe. For several voting rules we study conditions on the numbers of voters and alternatives which allow for an unsafe manipulation or which make manipulation always safe.
OrthopedVR: clinical assessment and pre-operative planning of paediatric patients with lower limb rotational abnormalities in virtual reality
Authors: Sibrina David , Bethapudi Sarath , Koulieris George Alex 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRotational abnormalities in the lower limbs causing patellar mal-tracking negatively affect patients’ lives, particularly young patients (10–17 years old). Recent studies suggest that rotational abnormalities can increase degenerative effects on the joints of the lower limbs. Rotational abnormalities are diagnosed using 2D CT imaging and X-rays, and these data are then used by surgeons to make decisions during an operation. However, 3D representation of data is preferable in the examination of 3D structures, such as bones. This correlates with added benefits for medical judgement, pre-operative planning, and clinical training. Virtual reality can enable the transformation of standard clinical imaging examination methods (CT/MRI) into immersive examinations and pre-operative planning in 3D. We present a VR system (OrthopedVR) which allows orthopaedic surgeons to examine patients’ specific anatomy of the lower limbs in an immersive three-dimensional environment and to simulate the effect of potential surgical interventions such as corrective osteotomies in VR. In OrthopedVR, surgeons can perform corrective incisions and re-align segments into desired rotational angles. From the system evaluation performed by experienced surgeons we found that OrthopedVR provides a better understanding of lower limb alignment and rotational profiles in comparison with isolated 2D CT scans. In addition, it was demonstrated that using VR software improves pre-operative planning, surgical precision and post-operative outcomes for patients. Our study results indicate that our system can become a stepping stone into simulating corrective surgeries of the lower limbs, and suggest future improvements which will help adopt VR surgical planning into the clinical orthopaedic practice.
Fetal origins of obesity: a novel pathway of regulating appetite neurons in the hypothalamus of growth-restricted rat offspring
Authors: Han Weiling , Song Zhaoyi , Shan Dan , Shi Qingyun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Fetal growth restriction causes a series of sequelae, some of which, such as hyperphagia, reduced satiety and postnatal obesity, are believed to be associated with embryonic hypothalamic neurons impairment. The mechanisms underlying the linkage of fetal brain injuries to break the energy homeostasis have not been elucidated completely. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of intrauterine energy restriction on remodeling appetite neurons in the hypothalamus of fetal and postnatal infant rats.

Methods
Low-protein (8%) diet combined with 75% energy restriction was used to establish an animal model. Rats offspring brain tissues, harvested from embryo day 18 and postnatal infant day 1, were sampled for dependent regulator analyses and master neuron assessment.

Results
Growth-restricted rats showed the increased expression of Bsx and NPY in the hypothalamus as well as remodeling hypothalamic neurons differentiation compared to controls. Intriguingly, in cells cultured in vitro test, we found that activated effects of Bsx and NPY could be exacerbated by DNMT1 inhibitor.

Conclusions
In embryonic and early postnatal stage of FGR rats, we detected high concentrations of orexigenic neurons in the hypothalamus. DNMT1 activity is correlated with early embryonic neurogenesis by mediating the expression of Bsx and NPY. It may be one of the reasons for the abnormal development of the appetite regulation pathway and higher susceptibility to obesity in FGR offspring.
Insight in cognitive impairment assessed with the Cognitive Assessment Interview in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Bucci Paola , Mucci Armida , Giordano Giulia M. , Caporusso Edoardo , Giuliani Luigi , Gibertoni Dino , Rossi Alessandro , Rocca Paola , Bertolino Alessandro , Galderisi Silvana ,   on the behalf of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses, Piegari Giuseppe , Merlotti Eleonora , Brando Francesco , Papalino Marco , Calia Vitalba , Romano Raffaella , Barlati Stefano , Deste Giacomo , Valsecchi Paolo , Pinna Federica , Lai Alice , Lostia Di Santa Sofia Silvia , Signorelli Maria Salvina , Poli Laura Fusar , Surace Teresa , Martinotti Giovanni , Montemitro Chiara , Fatricelli Silvia , Altamura Mario , Angelini Eleonora , Elia Antonella , Calcagno Pietro , Belvederi Murri Martino , Cattedra Simone , Pacitti Francesca , Rossi Rodolfo , Socci Valentina , Giusti Laura , Salza Anna , Mammarella Silvia , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Favaro Angela , Collantoni Enrico , Meneguzzo Paolo , Tonna Matteo , Ossola Paolo , Gerra Maria Lidia , Gramaglia Carla , Binda Valeria , Gambaro Eleonora , Carmassi Claudia , Carpita Barbara , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Corrivetti Giulio , Cascino Giammarco , Del Buono Gianfranco , Brugnoli Roberto , Comparelli Anna , Corigliano Valentina , Buzzanca Antonio , Gerardi Nicoletta , Frascarelli Marianna , Fagiolini Andrea , Goracci Arianna , Bolognesi Simone , Siracusano Alberto , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Ribolsi Michele , Montemagni Cristiana , Riccardi Cecilia , Del Favero Elisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI) is an interview-based scale measuring cognitive impairment and its impact on functioning in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ). The present study aimed at assessing, in a large sample of SCZ (n = 601), the agreement between patients and their informants on CAI ratings, to explore patients’ insight in their cognitive deficits and its relationships with clinical and functional indices. Agreement between patient- and informant-based ratings was assessed by the Gwet’s agreement coefficient. Predictors of insight in cognitive deficits were explored by stepwise multiple regression analyses. Patients reported lower severity of cognitive impairment vs. informants. A substantial to almost perfect agreement was observed between patients’ and informants’ ratings. Lower insight in cognitive deficits was associated to greater severity of neurocognitive impairment and positive symptoms, lower severity of depressive symptoms, and older age. Worse real-life functioning was associated to lower insight in cognitive deficit, worse neurocognitive performance, and worse functional capacity. Our findings indicate that the CAI is a valid co-primary measure with the interview to patients providing a reliable assessment of their cognitive deficits. In the absence of informants with good knowledge of the subject, the interview to the patient may represent a valid alternative.
Antiseizure medications for idiopathic generalized epilepsies: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Hongyuan , Zhang Xinyu , Shi Jie , Zhou Zhirui , Yang Xu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of antiseizure medications (ASMs), both as monotherapies and adjunctive therapies, for idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) and related entities.MethodsTwo reviewers independently searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for relevant randomized controlled trials from December 2022 to February 2023. Studies on the efficacy and safety of ASM monotherapies or adjunctive therapies for IGEs and related entities—including juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), juvenile absence epilepsy, or generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (GTCA)—were included. Efficacy outcomes were the proportions of patients remaining seizure free for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months; safety outcomes were the proportions of any treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) and TEAEs leading to discontinuation. Network meta-analyses were performed in a random-effects model to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Rankings of ASMs were based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). This study is registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42022372358).ResultsTwenty-eight randomized controlled trials containing 4282 patients were included. As monotherapies, all ASMs were more effective than placebo, and valproate and ethosuximide were significantly better than lamotrigine. According to the SUCRA for efficacy, ethosuximide ranked first for CAE, whereas valproate ranked first for other types of IGEs. As adjunctive therapies, topiramate ranked best for GTCA as well as overall for IGEs, while levetiracetam ranked best for myoclonic seizures. For safety, perampanel ranked best (measured by any TEAE).ConclusionsAll of the studied ASMs were more effective than placebo. Valproate monotherapy ranked best overall for IGEs, whereas ethosuximide ranked best for CAE. Adjunctive topiramate and levetiracetam were most effective for GTCA and myoclonic seizures, respectively. Furthermore, perampanel had the best tolerability.