bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum CCL20: A novel potential marker of cardiovascular risk in alopecia areata patients
Authors: Hamed Ahmed M. , Abdelmaksoud Amal M. , Elfallah Asmaa A. , Sweed Enas M. , Ibrahim Samah E. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent autoimmune skin disease that may be associated with systemic disorders. The connection between cardiovascular risks and AA is not widely investigated. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) has been found to be related to cardiovascular comorbidities.

Objective
To investigate the role of CCL20 in AA patients and its relation to cardiovascular comorbidity.

Patients and methods
This study enrolled 80 AA patients and 40 age and sex-matched control subjects. Serums CCL20, high sensitive C- reactive protein (Hs-CRP), lipid profile in addition to carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were investigated in all subjects.

Results
AA patients expressed significantly higher serum CCL20 levels than healthy controls (29.6±20.4 vs. 10.3±6.7, P <0.001). Serum CCL20 was significantly correlated with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), and CIMT (p value: 0.002, 0.044, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). Regression analysis was conducted for prediction of CV increased risk and revealed that older age, higher LDL, TC, TG, HS-CRP, CCL2, lower HDL and presence of alopecia were associated with risk of higher CIMT in univariable analysis.

Conclusion
Serum CCL20 might have a role in AA pathogenesis. It may serve a new possible link between AA and both systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk observed in AA patients.
A comparative surface evaluation of orthodontic mini-implants before and after en masse retraction—A SEM study
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Shetty Pravin , Despande Rahul , Biradar Anil , Khan Waseem , Kulshrestha Rohit 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the changes in surface morphology of two different types of mini-implants after clinical en masse retraction using scanning electron microscopy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Fifty mini-implants of Dentos (Korea, Absoanchor, BH-1817-08) and Orlus (Korea, Yesanchor, C-1817) were inserted in patients in a split-mouth design who required en masse anterior retraction and absolute anchorage. Surface characteristics of mini-implants such as pitch (distance between consecutive threads), flank width (distance between root and crest), and taper were studied using scanning electron microscope (FEI nanosem450) before and after clinical use.

RESULTS:
Statistically significant difference (p value = 0.003) was found in a mean reduction of pitch dimension among the two groups with a mean difference of 25.000 μm. Also, a statistically significant difference was noted (p value = 0.001) in a mean reduction of flank width among Dentos implants as compared to Orlus implants. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was seen in the mean reduction of taper dimension among Dentos group (0.0140 ± 0.02271) as compared to the Orlus group (0.0810 ± 0.05152).

CONCLUSION:
A marked reduction in surface morphology such as the pitch, flank width, and taper of both mini-implants after retrieval was observed. Dentos group of mini-implants displayed better dimensional stability post-retrieval as compared to the Orlus group of mini-implants. All the mini-screws showed milling defects in form of scratches on observation under scanning electron microscopy despite a smooth appearance to the naked eye.
Normal pre-eruptive inclinations of maxillary canine, lateral incisor, and first premolar in children aged 6–14 years
Authors: Goje Santosh K. , Dave Bhavna 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Maxillary canine is the second most common tooth that gets impacted after III molars. Early pre-eruptive inclination changes of first premolar and its associative changes with canine inclination are an important factor that predicts the fate of maxillary canines. Hence, a cross-sectional study was planned to evaluate the normal pre-eruptive mesiodistal inclinations of maxillary permanent canine, first premolar, and lateral incisor in children aged 6–14 years using orthopantomogram.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The total number of participants was 296. Each group of boys and girls consisted of 37 participants in each of the age groups 6–8 years, 8–10 years, 10–12 years, and 13–14 years, making up a total of 148 boys and 148 girls. Routine clinical examination was conducted, and orthopantomograph was taken for radiographic examination. Orthopantomographs of all these participants were collected. Inclination of lateral incisor, inclination of canine, and inclination of premolar with midline were measured on the orthopantomogram. Also, the angles between the canine with lateral incisor and canine with first premolar were measured. Pearson correlation was also evaluated between the movement of canine with lateral incisor and canine with first premolar.

RESULTS:
All the mean angles related to lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar with midline were recorded. Also, the angles between the canine with lateral incisor and the canine with first premolar were recorded. The movements between lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar were moderately correlated from 6 to 12 years of age.

CONCLUSION:
The eruption of canine from the floor of the nose till it erupts has its synchronized influence on the lateral incisor and the first premolar.
Factorial analysis of variables affecting bone stress adjacent to mini-implants used for molar distalization by direct anchorage—A finite element study
Authors: Kovuru Veena , Aileni Kaladhar R. , Mallepally Jaya P. , Kumar K. Siva , Sursala Swathi , Pramod Vattipalli 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to investigate the stresses on mini-implant, cortical bone, and cancellous bone for maxillary molar distalization using an orthodontic implant in a finite element model for different angulations and depths of insertion.

METHODS:
A three-dimensional finite element method was used to simulate overall orthodontic tooth movements by using ANSYS software. The maxillary bone and the molars were reproduced using CT scan images and conversion of the same into STL file was done. Finite element model was generated and the effect of forces was studied on the model for different depths and angulations of mini-implant insertions. The distalization force was exerted by an open-coil spring and the direct skeletal anchorage was provided by a mini-implant. Mini-implants were placed in depths of 5 mm, 7 mm, and 9 mm inside the bone and insertion angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. Stresses on mini-implant and extent of stress on the surrounding bone were assessed by the software.

RESULTS:
1. Least stress was found when the mini-implant was inserted at an angle of 30°, as it is nearer to the stronger cortical bone. 2. As the length of the mini-implant increases, accompanied by the increase in the depth of insertion, a decrease in stress in the mini-implant, cortical bone, and cancellous bone was noticed.

CONCLUSION:
An increase in the insertion angle from 30° to 90° increases the stresses on both the implant and the cortical bone. A higher depth of thread in the bone helps in reducing the stress on the implant, cortical bone, and cancellous bone. This helps in improving the primary stability of the mini-implant and its life.
Effect of orthodontic retraction force on thick and thin gingival biotypes in different grades of gingival recession and alveolar bone quality: A finite element analysis
Authors: Chaturvedi T. P. , Singh Deepak , Sharma Vipul Kumar , Priyadarshani Pooja , Turkiya Shweta 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:
To evaluate the effect of orthodontic retraction force on thick and thin gingival biotypes of anterior teeth having grade I and II gingival recession with D1 and D2 alveolar bone densities by assessing the displacement of teeth and deformation in gingival tissue, along with evaluating the amount of equivalent stress on teeth and gingiva in finite element model.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
Based on cone-beam computed tomography datasets, eight models (LC01–LC08) of maxilla with appliance assembly were created. A retraction load of 150 gm was applied on each model during the finite element analysis (FEA), and then values of teeth displacement, gingival deformation, and von Mises stress were evaluated.

RESULT:
All the models with D1 bone density (LC01–04) were showing gingival deformation, whereas models with D2 bone quality (LC05–08) give no significant outcome. The amount of von Mises stress for teeth and gingival tissue in each model was the same for both central and lateral incisors.

CONCLUSION:
All the models having D1 bone quality showed greater gingival deformation after applying retraction force, whereas in models with D2 bone density, deformation was not significant. Changes in gingival tissue are brought about by orthodontic treatment, which also helps to correct the periodontal defects; however, bone density plays a significant role in improving gingival recession.
Femtosecond laser-assisted posterior capsulotomy for the treatment of capsular block syndrome
Authors: Lim Xian Hui , Patil Moushmi , Mehta Jodhbir S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present a novel use of femtosecond laser to treat capsular block syndrome (CBS) in a patient with dense opaque capsular block, who presented 16 years postcataract surgery. The extensive posterior capsular distension and densely opaque, milky fluid trapped behind the intraocular lens (IOL) prevented the use of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy as primary treatment. Intra-operative optical coherence tomography enabled visualization of the posterior capsule and iris hooks were used to increase the pupillary diameter to enable femtosecond laser-assisted posterior capsulotomy to be performed in a minimally invasive technique. CBS was relieved successfully and Nd: YAG laser performed subsequently to remove residual posterior capsule opacification safely and with good visual outcomes. This method avoids risks associated with posterior vitrectomies and compromised IOL stability from inadvertent capsular bag damage, and adds to the expanding uses of femtosecond laser technology.
The asymptomatic ocular surface reservoir of coronavirus disease-19 in infants and retinopathy of prematurity screening during the pandemic
Authors: Oto Bilge Batu , Tok Yeşim , Kılıçarslan Oğuzhan , Kuşkucu Ahmet Mert , Yetik Hüseyin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

PURPOSE:
This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of conjunctival and pharyngeal swab sample positivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic preterm and term infants. We aimed to detect asymptomatic carrier potential in infants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Patients screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at our clinic between January and June 2021 were recruited for this study. For all study cases, the previous history of possible exposure or contact with SARS-CoV-2, previous history of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), or contact with any COVID-19 case was excluded. None of the patients showed signs of COVID-19 during sample collection. Pharyngeal and conjunctival swab samples were collected before the ophthalmic examination. Nucleic acid isolation from the samples was performed using an automated system. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the samples was screened using a real-time polymerase chain reaction kit, and the positive samples were re-evaluated for the variant virus.

RESULTS:
Among the 127 patients with a median age of 40 weeks (range: 34–86) of postmenstrual age, positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the pharyngeal and conjunctival samples was 5/127 (3.93%) and 3/127 (2.36%), respectively. Isolated conjunctival positivity was not observed in any of the patients, and all three patients were positive for both conjunctiva and pharynx.

CONCLUSION:
Asymptomatic infants may be a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, and conjunctival infection in infants may be a source of virus transmission. Since ROP screening cannot be postponed during the pandemic, caution should be exercised to prevent the spread of the disease.
Tenon excision with fibrin glue-assisted reattachment of conjunctiva flap (T.E.F.A.R.C) for the treatment of conjunctivochalasis
Authors: Hou Yi-Ting , Hsieh Bing-Jun , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Huang Wei-Lun , Chen Wei-Li 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To observe the surgical outcome of “Tenon Excision with Fibrin Glue-Assisted Reattachment of Conjunctiva Flap” (T.E.F.A.R.C.) for the treatment of symptomatic conjunctivochalasis (CCH). This is a retrospective case series of CCH patients undergoing T.E.F.A.R.C. from January 2017 to December 2020 were reviewed. Seven patients (14 eyes) with symptomatic CCH received T.E.F.A.R.C. in both eyes. The symptoms before and after the procedures were compared and surgical complication was evaluated. The mean follow-up time was 13.7 ± 2.14 months. After the operation, resolution of the symptoms was reported in 12 eyes (86%). The grade of CCH decreased from 3 to 0 in all 14 eyes, and the restoration of inferior conjunctival surface and fornix within 1 day was also observed in all eyes. Most patients had localized injection and mild chemosis after the operation, which mostly recovered within 3 weeks. No complication or recurrence of CCH was reported after 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, T.E.F.A.R.C. is a simple and effective treatment option for CCH with less surgical complication. Future larger studies are needed to confirm its clinical applicability.
Femtosecond laser applications in corneal surgery
Authors: Morales-Wong Fernando , Navas Alejandro , Yañez-Oviedo Guillermo E. , Mohamed-Noriega Karim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Femtosecond laser (FSL) applications in corneal surgery have increased since its inception. Corneal surgery has undergone a tremendous transformation thanks to the introduction of FSL technology. This laser makes precise, three-dimensional incisions while causing minimal damage to surrounding tissue. This review updates and summarizes current and upcoming FSL applications in corneal surgery, current commercially available FSL, and its respective applications. Refractive surgery applications include laser in-situ keratomileusis flaps, refractive corneal lenticule extraction such as small incision lenticule extraction, astigmatic keratotomy, intracorneal ring segments tunnels for keratoconus including corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segments, and presbyopia treatments with intrastromal pockets for corneal inlays and intrastromal incisions (INTRACOR). Keratoplasty applications include penetrating keratoplasty trephination; superficial and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty trephination, lamellar dissection, and tunnel creation; posterior lamellar keratoplasty donor and recipient preparation; Bowman layer transplantation donor, and recipient preparation; and stromal keratophakia. Other applications include conjunctival graft preparation in pterygium surgery, and keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing). FSL is a surgical instrument widely used in corneal surgery because it improves reproducibility and safety in many procedures.
Тоталітарний спадок пострадянських країн: теоретична рефлексія проблематики тоталітаризму
Authors: Розумюк В.М. 
Published: September 2023

Досліджено теоретичну рефлексію тоталітарного феномену. Констатовано, що в сучасній політології не існує єдиної загальноприйнятої наукової теорії тоталітаризму, до того ж, незважаючи на довготривалу розробку цієї проблеми, дослідникам не вдалось навіть чітко визначитись з предметом дискусії, тож діаметрально протилежні відповіді на принципові питання щодо формоутворюючих і сутнісних рис призвели до антагоністичних розходжень у поглядах на це складне явище в суспільно-політичному житті соціуму – від повного заперечення самого факту його існування до надання всюдисущого універсального позачасового характеру.
Визначено, що в процесі розвитку теорії тоталітаризму на Заході сформувалось кілька взаємодоповнюючих, а подекуди і взаємовиключаючих концепцій, в межах яких цей феномен інтерпретувався як «закрите суспільство» та особливо жорстока беззаконна автократична диктатура, що ґрунтується на сучасній технології і масовій легітимації, ототожнювався з соціалізмом, однопартійністю, терором і авторитаризмом, тлумачився як продукт ірраціональної психолого-характерологічної структури свідомості звичайного індивіда та «непродуктивних людських орієнтацій» в умовах народження масового суспільства. Доведено, що втрата чіткості критеріїв оцінки і перетворення самого терміну на загальновживаний емоційно забарвлений негативний епітет поставили під сумнів наукову цінність самої концепції тоталітаризму, яка і без того зазнала значної ідеологічної компрометації, надто часто послугуючи квазітеоретичною легітимацією політики силової конфронтації двох ворожих блоків. Нагальні потреби боротьби з радянською комуністичною експансією вкрай негативно позначились на науковій цінності і якості значної частини досліджень, перетворивши їх на стереотипні збірки міфів і пропагандистських штампів, одноманітних звинувачень і нудних прокльонів, що зумовило перманентну кризу концепції тоталітаризму та її характеристику «швидше як метафори, ніж чіткої наукової теорії» та «додатку до Холодної війни».
Зроблено висновок, що попри перманентну кризу теорії тоталітаризму відродження авторитарних диктатур в першій чверті ХХІ століття обумовило нову хвилю популярності вже призабутих наукових концепцій. Їх евристичний потенціал ще далеко не вичерпаний, тож, незважаючи на поступове віддалення від політичних катастроф ХХ століття, інтерес у суспільстві до тоталітаризму не просто не падає, але й постійно зростає, наукові дискусії не лише не вгамовуються, але й загострюються і поглиблюються, отримуючи з кожним наступним поколінням новий зміст та різноманітні відтінки, що особливо актуально звучать при підведенні підсумків минулого, вирішенні проблем сучасності та окресленні перспектив майбутнього.
Позиція західних країн щодо України напередодні повномасштабного вторгнення Російської Федерації 24 лютого 2022 р.
Authors: Ткаченко В.М. 
Published: September 2023

Запропонована до уваги читача стаття аналізує позиції різних країн світу напередодні російського широкомасштабного вторгнення в Україну 24 лютого 2022 р. Починаючи з 2014 р. Україна знаходилась у стані неоголошеної війни з Росією, що призвело до окупації Криму та частини територій Донбасу. Після цього війна продовжувала тліти після підписання Мінських домовленостей у 2015 р. Наприкінці 2021 р. з’явилися ознаки підготовки Російської Федерації до повномасштабного вторгнення в Україну, про що було публічно оголошено президентом США Дж. Байденом. Протягом декількох місяців відбувалося формування коаліції західних держав з метою надати військову допомогу Україні щоб попередити розгортання конфлікту.
У статті розглянуто позицію ключових західних держав щодо російсько-українського конфлікту та її еволюцію у цей проміжок часу. Україна відіграла роль каталізатора для утвердження єдності Заходу. Надзвичайно важливу роль у здійсненні консолідації країн Північноатлантичного альянсу відіграло керівництво США, яке використало новий підхід – оприлюднення розвідувальних даних для впливу на рішення супротивника. Окрім того проаналізовано помилки які були допущені країнами Заходу починаючи з 2008 р., що зробили можливим вторгнення Росії в Україну. В статті розглянуто ставлення населення України та Росії до проблеми на основі соціологічних опитувань які підтверджують хибність російських наративів про російсько-український конфлікт. Проаналізовано висвітлення загострення російсько-української війни у західних ЗМІ напередодні вторгнення. Автором проаналізовано світогляд В. Путіна та причини прийняття їм рішення нападу на Україну. Розглянута у публікації тема представляє велику цінність для читача у зв’язку з ескалацією російсько-української війни та дозволяє зрозуміти обставини які передували вторгненню.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE SOBREPESO/OBESIDADE E ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM CRIANÇAS DE SEIS A ONZE ANOS DA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL ALMERINDA DE ALBUQUERQUE, SITUADA EM FORTALEZA – CE
Authors: Medina de Carvalho Oliveira Thaísa 
Published: September 2023

Esse artigo, intitulado Associação entre Sobrepeso/Obesidade e Atividade Física em Crianças de seis a onze anos, da Escola Municipal Almerinda de Albuquerque, situada em Fortaleza – CE, chama a atenção para a questão da dominância de sobrepeso e obesidade na escola. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), do ponto de vista etimológico a obesidade e o sobrepeso são considerados problemas de saúde multifatoriais, estando envolvidos em diversos fatores de ordem genéticas e ambientais. Entre os ambientais, destacam-se a ingestão energética excessiva e a atividade física diminuída. O problema é pandêmico, multiétnico e vem atingindo todas as classes sociais independente de sexo ou idade. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa avaliou o estado nutricional e a associação de sobrepeso/obesidade com o padrão de atividade física em crianças de seis a onze anos de idade da referida escola citada acima. A classificação do estado nutricional foi determinada através da identificação do Índice de Massa Corpórea pelos padrões de crescimento do Nacional Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). A amostra foi constituída de 340 alunos, sendo 175 (51,47%) meninos e 165 (48,52%) meninas. Já o índice de atividade física foi determinado a partir de um formulário que registrou as atividades físicas de uma semana habitual.
GERAÇÃO SCREENAGERS E UM NOVO MODELO DE “E-EDUCAÇÃO”
Authors: Amorim Nathalia Maria de , Oliveira da Cruz Davi , Da Silva Júnior José Carlos , Lima de Almeida Gabriel Allan , Fagundes Bezerra da Silva Emanuel 
Published: September 2023

Este artigo explora a geração Screenagers, alunos nativos digitais criados em um mundo conectado, e sua relação com a educação. Os desafios surgem do contraste entre suas habilidades digitais e os métodos tradicionais de ensino, tornando crucial a integração da tecnologia no ambiente educacional. Através de pesquisas e estudos bibliográficos foi observado que os Screenagers estão imersos em dispositivos eletrônicos e têm acesso instantâneo à informação, o que afeta suas expectativas em relação ao aprendizado. Professores e escolas devem adaptar suas práticas pedagógicas para engajar essa geração em um ambiente educacional dinâmico e relevante. A capacitação dos educadores é fundamental para utilizar a tecnologia como ferramenta central de ensino e orientar os alunos sobre seu uso ético e responsável. A integração da tecnologia na educação oferece oportunidades, permitindo um ensino mais inclusivo e personalizado. A colaboração entre educadores, gestores, pais e a comunidade é essencial para adaptar as estratégias educacionais às necessidades dessa geração, preparando os Screenagers para serem cidadãos críticos e criativos em um mundo digital e globalizado. Em conclusão, a geração Screenagers demanda uma abordagem educacional atualizada e inovadora. Ao enfrentar os desafios e explorar as possibilidades oferecidas pela tecnologia, a educação pode preparar os Screenagers para um futuro repleto de oportunidades e desafios tecnológicos.