bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neglected Risks in the Communication of Residential Mortgage‐Backed Securities Offerings
Authors: ZHANG HAROLD H. , ZHAO FENG , ZHAO XIAOFEI 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTExamining the contractual disclosures during the sale of private‐label residential mortgage‐backed securities before the 2008 financial crisis, we find that textual contents in the risk‐factor section predict subsequent losses and yet were not reflected in pricing. Insurance companies, especially life insurers and insurers with low regulatory capital ratios, are more exposed to textual risks. Consistent with issuers hedging litigation risks with disclosure, we find that textual contents are associated with second‐lien underreporting and preissuance written communications. Overall, we find that investors neglected risks in the purportedly safe assets before the crisis.
Time‐calibrated phylogeny of Daphne (Thymelaeaceae): Pre‐mediterranean temporal origin of the sclerophyllous Daphne gnidium
Authors: Ramos‐Capón Cristina , Vargas Pablo , Pomeda‐Gutiérrez Fernando , Martín‐Hernanz Sara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe sclerophyllous syndrome is characterized by well‐defined traits (evergreen coriaceous leaves, inconspicuous flowers, and fleshy fruits). It has been hypothesized that lineages displaying the sclerophyllous syndrome show lower speciation rates than non‐sclerophyllous lineages after the establishment of the mediterranean climate. Daphne gnidium displays sclerophyllous traits and some differentiation into three subspecies (gnidium, mauritanica, maritima), but the spatio‐temporal origin of this taxonomic group is unknown due to the lack of a time‐calibrated phylogeny of the whole genus. Here, we inferred phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Daphne (32 species, 238 samples) and other genera of Thymelaeaceae (16 genera, 38 species, 34 samples) using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), which revealed that the current circumscription of Daphne is profoundly polyphyletic because some species are nested within the genera Wikstroemia and Edgeworthia. In contrast, D. gnidium formed a well‐supported clade as recognized in taxonomic accounts (subgenus Spachia). We found morphological and phylogenetic support for Daphne mauritanica as a monophyletic lineage sister to D. gnidium. Divergence between D. gnidium and D. mauritanica appears to have predated the establishment of seasonally dry conditions, which supports a pre‐mediterranean temporal origin of the lineage. A phylogeographical analysis within D. gnidium based on 66 nrDNA (ITS) and 84 cpDNA (rps16, trnV) sequences agreed with the low differentiation of the species in the Pleistocene despite its large distribution range. Altogether, D. gnidium illustrates one more example of the sclerophyllous syndrome with no speciation after the onset of the mediterranean climate.
Impact of 5 years of hepatitis C testing and treatment in the North East of England prisons
Authors: Johnson Amy , Shearer Jessica , Thompson Craig , Jelley Ryan , Aldridge Jodi , Allsop Caroline , Kerry Jenna , Jones Dee , McCullough Francesca , Miller Carolyn , Valappil Manoj , Taha Yusri , Masson Steven , Jefferson Tony , Lawton Colin , Christensen Lee , McPherson Stuart 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is prevalent in prisons. Therefore, effective prison HCV services are critical for HCV elimination programmes. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a regional HCV prison testing and treatment programme. Between July 2017 and June 2022, data were collected prospectively on HCV test offer and uptake rates, HCV Antibody (HCV‐Ab) and HCV‐RNA positivity, treatment starts and outcomes for new inmates incarcerated in three prisons. Rates of HCV‐Ab and RNA positivity at reception, incidence of new HCV infections and reinfection following treatment were determined. From a total of 39,652 receptions, 33,028 (83.3%) were offered HCV testing and 20,394 (61.7%) completed testing. Including all receptions, 24.5% of tests (n = 4995) were HCV‐Ab positive and 8.4% of tests (n = 1713) were HCV‐RNA positive. When considering the first test for each individual (median age 34 years; 88.1% male), 14.8% (n = 1869) and 7.2% (n = 905) were HCV‐Ab and HCV‐RNA positive, respectively. The incidence of new HCV‐Ab and RNA positivity was 5.1 and 3.3 per 100 person‐years, respectively. Of 1145 HCV viraemic individuals, 18 died within 6 months and 150 were rapidly transferred out of area, leaving 977 individuals with outcomes. Of these, 835 (85.5%) received antivirals and 47 spontaneously cleared the infection, leaving 95 (9.7%) untreated. 607 (72.7%) achieved SVR. 95 patients had reinfection post‐treatment (rate 10.1 cases per 100 person‐years). Testing for HCV has increased in our prisons and the majority with viraemia are initiated on antiviral treatment. Reassuringly, a significant fall in frequency of HCV‐RNA positivity at prison reception was observed suggesting progress towards HCV elimination.
Seasonal distribution of solitary and colonial benthic ascidians (Chordata) with ecological gradients in and around Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Murugan R. , Ananthan G. , Balachandar K. , Sathiskumar R. S. , Praveena V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAscidians are rapidly emerging biofouling organisms that generally occur on the natural and artificial substratum of the marine environment. However, very few studies have been reported on their species diversity and distribution patterns. This present investigation focuses on the seasonal impact on ascidians diversity. The distributions of ascidians were recorded by the collection of samples in six sampling stations from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. A total of 43 species of ascidians (32 colonial, 11 solitary) were recorded and most of the species are under the Didemnidae family. Various diversity indexes were utilized to examine the diversity, richness and evenness of species and to look at the assorted variety among tests and their likeness regarding species composition. The greatest (3.227) individuals were observed during summer season in Pigeon Island and the lowest (2.063) number of species were recorded during the monsoon season in Haddowharf harbour. The Margalef richness (d) fluctuated between in the range of 2.033 and 5.53 during the monsoon in Haddowharf harbour and Carbyns Cove beach in summer seasons. The Pielou's evenness record (J′) changed from 0.7409 to 0.9713. Diversity indexes were recorded as followed the order of 0.9642, 0.9552, 0.9482 and 0.9292 at Carbyns Cove shoreline, Burmanella, Pigeon Island and Campbell Bay individually during summer season. Present findings in the cluster examination uncovered that the species at various stations have framed four gatherings. Most elevated species rates were spread in summer. Field observation shows that species distribution is able to tolerate temperature ranges of 26.9–30.3°C and salinity of 32.1–34.64 ppt. Occasional examples of space occupation by colonial ascidians corresponded with seasonal changes in seawater temperature and salinity.
A perspective on the clinical relevance of weak or nonacid reflux
Authors: Jodorkovsky Daniela , Katzka David A. , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in ambulatory esophageal reflux monitoring that incorporated impedance electrodes to pH catheters have resulted in better characterization of retrograde bolus flow in the esophagus. With pH‐impedance monitoring, in addition to acid reflux episodes identified by pH drops below 4.0, weakly acid reflux (WAR, pH 4–7) and nonacid reflux (NAR, pH >7.0) are also recognized, although both may be included under the umbrella term NAR. However, despite identification of ambulatory pH‐impedance monitoring, data on clinical relevance and prognostic value of NAR are limited. The Lyon Consensus, an international expert review that defines conclusive metrics for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), identifies NAR as “supportive” but not conclusive for GERD.PurposeThis review provides perspectives on whether NAR fulfills three criteria for clinical relevance: whether NAR sufficiently explains pathogenesis of symptoms, whether it is associated with meaningful manifestations of GERD, and whether it can predict treatment efficacy.
Mechanosensitive enteric neurons in the guinea pig gastric fundus and antrum
Authors: Mayr Sophia , Schliep Ronja , Elfers Kristin , Mazzuoli‐Weber Gemma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoping with the ingested food, the gastric regions of fundus, corpus, and antrum display different motility patterns. Intrinsic components of such patterns involving mechanosensitive enteric neurons (MEN) have been described in the guinea pig gastric corpus but are poorly understood in the fundus and antrum.MethodsTo elucidate mechanosensitive properties of myenteric neurons in the gastric fundus and antrum, membrane potential imaging using Di‐8‐ANEPPS was applied. A small‐volume injection led to neuronal compression. We analyzed the number of MEN and their firing frequency in addition to the involvement of selected mechanoreceptors. To characterize the neurochemical phenotype of MEN, we performed immunohistochemistry.Key ResultsIn the gastric fundus, 16% of the neurons reproducibly responded to mechanical stimulation and thus were MEN. Of those, 83% were cholinergic and 19% nitrergic. In the antrum, 6% of the neurons responded to the compression stimulus, equally distributed among cholinergic and nitrergic MEN. Defunctionalizing the sensory extrinsic afferents led to a significant drop in the number of MEN in both regions.ConclusionWe provided evidence for MEN in the gastric fundus and antrum and further investigated mechanoreceptors. However, the proportions of the chemical phenotypes of the MEN differed significantly between both regions. Further investigations of synaptic connections of MEN are crucial to understand the hardwired neuronal circuits in the stomach.
Host‐induced gene silencing is a promising biological tool to characterize the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae and control fungal disease in rice
Authors: Jin Byung Jun , Chun Hyun Jin , Choi Cheol Woo , Lee Su Hyeon , Cho Hyun Min , Park Mi Suk , Baek Dongwon , Park Sook‐Young , Lee Yong‐Hwan , Kim Min Chul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating plant pathogen that threatens rice production worldwide. Host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) has been effectively applied to study pathogenic gene function during host–microbe interactions and control fungal diseases in various crops. In this study, the HIGS system of M. oryzae was established using transgenic fungus expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP), KJ201::eGFP and 35S::dsRNAi plants, which produce small interfering RNAs targeting fungal genes. Through this system, we verified the HIGS of rice blast fungus quantitatively and qualitatively in both Arabidopsis and rice. Then, we showed that the HIGS of M. oryzae's pathogenic genes, including RGS1, MgAPT2 and LHS1, significantly alter its virulence. Both 35S::dsRNAi_MgAPT2 and 35S::dsRNAi_LHS1 plants showed a considerably enhanced fungal resistance, characterized by the formation of H2O2‐containing defensive granules and induction of rice pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes. In addition, the enhanced susceptibility of 35S::dsRNAi_RGS1 plants to blast fungus suggested a novel mode of action of this gene during fungal infection. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that HIGS is a very effective and efficient biological tool not only to accurately characterize the functions of fungal pathogenic genes during rice‐M. oryzae interactions, but also to control fungal disease and ensure a successful rice production.
Effects of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics on seed germination of temperate grassland species
Authors: Laber L. , Eichberg C. , Zimmerbeutel A. , Düring R.‐A. , Donath T. W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics are widely used to control invertebrate pests in livestock, such as sheep. While anthelmintic effects on non‐target animals, such as dung‐dwelling insects, are well studied, effects on seed germination are largely unknown. Seeds can come into contact with anthelmintics either during passage through the gastro‐intestinal tract of grazing animals or when anthelmintics are excreted with their dung into the environment, which may result in changed germination patterns.
We used four commonly applied macrocyclic lactones to assess their effects on germination: moxidectin, ivermectin, abamectin and doramectin as pure substances; moxidectin and ivermectin also in formulated form. We tested these pharmaceuticals on 17 different temperate grassland species from five plant families. Seeds were exposed to three concentrations of macrocyclic lactones (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg·l−1) under controlled conditions, and germination was assessed over a 6‐week period. From these data, we calculated germination percentage, mean germination time and germination synchrony.
Most of the tested species were significantly affected in germination percentage and/or mean germination time by at least one of the tested pharmaceuticals, with formulated moxidectin having the largest impact. In general, the effects found were species‐ and pharmaceutical‐specific. While formulated substances generally reduced germination percentage and increased mean germination time, pure substances increased germination percentage. Synchrony showed less clear patterns in all pharmaceuticals.
Although effect size and sign varied between species, our study shows that non‐target effects of macrocyclic lactones commonly occur in terrestrial plants. This may impede successful seed exchange between habitats via sheep, and even translate into profound changes to grazed ecosystems.
The Suicide Dot Probe Task: Psychometric properties and validity in relation to suicide‐related outcomes
Authors: Rogers Megan L. , Carosa Catarina L. , Haliczer Lauren A. , Hughes Christopher D. , Schofield Casey A. , Armey Michael F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttentional biases to suicide‐related stimuli have been linked to suicide‐related outcomes. However, behavioral tasks that have been previously modified to capture suicide‐specific attentional biases have demonstrated inconsistent reliability and validity. Adaptation of the Dot Probe Task, a computerized assessment that has been adapted to study a wide variety of biases, may be a promising candidate for assessing suicide‐specific biases.MethodsIn 280 recently discharged inpatients (51% male; Mage = 40.22 years), we evaluated the psychometric properties of a modified Suicide Dot Probe Task. Participants completed this task and assessments of suicidal thoughts and behaviors at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe Suicide Dot Probe Task demonstrated poor‐to‐moderate internal consistency and poor test‐retest reliability, and participant response times were slower to suicide‐specific and dysphoric stimuli than positive stimuli. However, there were no differences based on the presence or characteristics of recent or lifetime suicidal ideation or attempts. Participants' suicide‐specific biases were not predictive of suicidal ideation or attempts at follow‐up.ConclusionsThe Suicide Dot Probe Task exhibited questionable reliability, and differences in attentional biases were not associated with suicidal ideation or attempts. This study contributes to a body of research demonstrating the questionable utility of several behavioral tasks to study suicide‐specific attentional biases.
Learning to labour in the gym: Training to fight to reimagine the self and work under neoliberalism
Authors: Singh Amit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the motivations of those who train to fight at a Muay Thai and Kickboxing gym in East London, who view fighting (and training in the gym) as a means of coping with the harshness of work, as a financial supplement to work, and as an alternative form of work. It explores how the repetitive regimes of the body employed by fighters, such as dieting, twice‐daily training sessions and sparring, as both individual and collective bodily work, contrasts with their experiences of social life under capitalism, which is seen as unfair and unmeritocratic. This, it argues, leads people to seek refuge within the meritocratic sphere of the gym, which offers new opportunities, possibilities and a unique ability to master the self. It subsequently argues that we can understand training to fight as a response to class exclusion, stigmatisation, and helplessness under neoliberalism.
Cultivating biodiverse futures at the (postcolonial) botanical garden
Authors: Hassouna Silvia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines ecological practices at the Palestine Museum of Natural History in Bethlehem, West Bank. Through an analysis of the museum's botanical gardens, the article explores what it calls ‘biodiverse futures’ as a spatio‐temporal alternative to the ecological domination of settler colonialism in Israel/Palestine. While much scholarship has focused on the environmental imaginaries that have informed colonial conquest in Palestine, this paper draws attention to the ways in which these relationships extend into constructions of the future. Combining the literature on environmental violence with the literature on futurity and decolonisation, this article develops an approach that foregrounds the relevance of ‘ecological temporalities’ in examining alternatives to settler futures in Israel/Palestine. To date, only a limited number of contributions have examined environmentalism as a powerful discursive tool for constructing the future. The case of the museum gardens highlights three interrelated aspects of the production of ecological counter‐futures: futures as knowledge, futures as (bio)diversity, and futures as survival. Drawing on ethnographic material and interviews with museum staff and volunteers, this paper contributes to the study of the temporalities of environmental violence and ecological resistance in Israel/Palestine.
Detection of unreported usage of the antiretroviral drug lamivudine in two blood donors
Authors: Nishiya Anna , Salles Nanci , de Almeida‐Neto Cesar , Ferreira Suzete , Nogueira Fátima , Rocha Vanderson , Mendrone‐Júnior Alfredo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnreported HIV antiretroviral (ARV) drug usage by blood donors compromises the ability to detect evidence of HIV infection in blood screening tests and represents a risk for blood transfusion safety. Our objective was to determine the frequency of undeclared ARV drug use by blood donors with altered HIV markers.Study Design and MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of donations that were tested for HIV antibody (ab), antigen (ag), and RNA by chemiluminescent immunoassay and nucleic acid screening tests. Positive samples were retested and were subjected to ARV drug testing by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsOf 345,252 blood donations, 361 (0.1%) were positive on initial testing. Samples from 296 (81.9%) of these donations were available for further analysis. The presence of HIV ab/ag and/or RNA was confirmed in 83 (28.0%) of these samples. All 296 bloods were subjected to ARV testing. The ARV drug lamivudine, at 11.3 and 6.7 ng/mL, was detected in 2 of 83 (2.4%) donations that were HIV positive. Other drugs were not detected.ConclusionUnreported ARV usage was identified in two candidates for blood donation. More intensive efforts to educate donors about disclosure and to investigate the extent of this phenomenon in Brazil are needed.
Integrated treatment for comorbid eating disorders and substance use disorders: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Miller Molly , Bartel Sara , Hunter Abbey , Boulos Leah , Lacroix Emilie 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
This review will identify and summarize the literature on the integrated treatment of comorbid eating disorders and substance use disorders, focusing on clinical practice guidelines and treatment studies.

Introduction:
Eating disorders and substance use disorders are the deadliest psychiatric conditions, frequently co-occur, and are linked to greater symptom severity and poorer treatment outcomes. Despite repeated calls for their integrated treatment, such an approach has rarely been empirically evaluated. To advance the development of integrated treatments for comorbid eating disorders and substance use disorders, a critical first step is to describe existing treatment guidelines and summarize research evidence for this approach.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider all peer-reviewed and gray literature describing the integrated treatment of comorbid eating disorders and substance use disorders, focusing on (i) clinical practice guidelines; and (ii) treatment studies. We will not place limitations on populations, types of eating disorders, types of substance use disorders, or other contextual factors.

Methods:
Databases to be searched will include MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Scopus, and clinical practice guidelines databases identified by CADTH Grey Matters. No date or language limits will be applied to the search. At the screening stage, we will only consider literature in English or French. Two independent reviewers will screen studies at the title/abstract and full-text levels, and extract relevant studies. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion. Findings will be presented in tabular format and a narrative summary.

Details of the review project available at Open Science Framework:

https://osf.io/za35j/
Scaling Overall Effectiveness in Low-Temperature Experiments
Authors: Bryant Carol E. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The design of film-cooled engine components requires an understanding of the expected temperature distributions while in service, thus requiring accurate predictions through low-temperature testing. Overall effectiveness, ϕ, is the integrated indicator of overall cooling performance. An experiment to measure ϕ at low temperature requires appropriate scaling through careful selection of not only the coolant and freestream gases but also the model material itself. Matching ϕ requires that the experiment has matched values of the adiabatic effectiveness, Biot number, coolant warming factor, and ratio of external to internal heat transfer coefficient. Previous research has shown the requirements to match each of those four parameters individually. However, matching all those parameters simultaneously presents an overconstrained problem, and no comprehensive recommendations exist for the practical experimentalist who wishes to conduct an appropriately scaled, low-temperature experiment truly suitable for determining ϕ. Four fluidic parameters are identified, which in an experiment must be as close as possible to their values at engine conditions. A normalized root-mean-square difference (NRMSD) of the residuals of those parameters is proposed to quantify how well a proposed wind tunnel experiment is likely to yield engine-relevant ϕ values. We show that this process may be used by any experimentalist to identify the appropriate fluids, conditions, and materials for a matched ϕ experiment. Several case studies were performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to show the utility of this process. Of the common experimental techniques examined here, a matched Biot number experiment with 500 K freestream air and 250 K coolant appears to be particularly adept at simulating engine conditions, even better than experiments that make use of CO2 coolant.