bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Levels of Olive Pomace on Some Productive Traits of ISA Brown Laying Hens
Authors: Habib Hamza Ghali , Al-Zamili Ibrahim Fadhil , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effect of adding different levels of olive pomace on some productive traits of ISA Brown laying hens, at the field of laying hens of the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, from 7/6/2022 to 4/9/2022 for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 72 hens, 18 weeks old, ISA Brown laying hens were used, it was randomly distributed to four treatments distributed to 3 replicates ( 6 laying hens each replicate), the treatments were as follows: T1: the control treatment. As for the treatments T2, T3 and T4, dried olive-pomace powder was added at levels of 1.5, 3 and 4.5% to the diet. The results indicated a significant superiority on the egg production and egg mass with a significant improvement in the feed conversion factor in all treatments of olive-pomace powder compared to the control treatment, there were no significant differences on the average egg weight among all experimental treatments.
Preparation of Calcium-Milk Coagulum from Buffalo Milk and Study its Chemical, Sensory and Rheological Properties
Authors: Khafaji Hawraa Mohammed , Al-Saadi Jasim Mohammed Salih 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Milk coagulum, made by mixing calcium chloride into warmed whole buffalo milk, was the subject of research into its chemical and sensory qualities. The yield of calcium-milk coagulum was 25.7%, above the yield of soft cheese (19.9%). Calcium milk coagulum had the following percentages of water, total solids, acidity, carbs, proteins, ash, and fat after being refrigerated for one day at 71 °C: 56.4%, 43.6%, 0.14 %, 4.5 %, 20.27%, 1.4%, and 21%. When compared to soft cheese, the corresponding numbers were 51.2%, 48.8%, 0.15, 3.51, 20.19, 1.6%, and 26.4%. Ratings for flavor, holes, and bitterness in calcium milk coagulum after 28 days of storage were greater than scores for soft cheese. On the other hand, ratings for texture and body were lower. There were more molds and yeasts in the soft cheese sample and a higher overall bacterial count compared to the calcium milk coagulum.
Impact Light Regimen and Melatonin on Growth Performance, Welfare and Physiological Parameters of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Al-Samrai Muna K. , Al-Jumaily Tareq KH , Taha Ahmed T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lighting program and melatonin on growth performance, welfare, and some physiological characteristics of broilers. A completely randomized design involved 2 photoperiods (constant lighting 24 L:0 D). and intermittent lighting 4 L:2 D) periodically for group one and two respectively, the third group the birds were to continuous lighting 24 hours with the addition of the melatonin 20 mg/kg of diet. A total of 180 unsexed one-day-old ROSS 308 broiler chicks randomly divided into three treatments with three replicates (20 birds per replicate). The results showed a significant superiority in the body weight and weight Gain of the intermittent light treatments and the addition of melatonin compared to the control treatment for broilers at 21 days. No significant differences in growth performance for broilers at 38 days, and there were no significant differences in dressing percentage, relative weight of the internal organs, temperature of the bird’s body parts, biochemical characteristics, and hormones, except for the significant decrease in the level of ALT for birds treated with melatonin and when raising birds under a lighting program. Intermittently, there was an improvement in the level of antioxidants through a decrease in MDA. There was a significant improvement in the measures of welfare, as the incidence of inflammation of the hock burn and Footpad dermatitis decreased. Results above suggest that the raising broilers under intermittent lighting system and treatment with melatonin did not affect production performance, but it improved the status of antioxidants and welfare Indications for broilers.
The Type of Floor and its Impact on the Growth, Physiological and Performance of Broilers
Authors: Al-Samrai Muna K. , Al-Jumaily Tareq KH , Taha Ahmed T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to find out the effect of floor type on the growth, some physiological characteristics and welfare standards for broilers. 120 unsexed one-day-old ROSS 308 broiler chicks were used. The study included two groups with three replicates (20 birds for each replicate). The first treatment, the birds were raised on the Rice husks litter, and the second treatment the birds were raised on a wire floor, 15 cm high. Feed and water were provided freely throughout the study period. The results showed that raising broilers on different floor type did not show significant differences in body weight, weight gain rate and feed conversion factor between groups, and significant differences were found in feed consumption in favor of the second treatment at the age of 21 days, and no significant differences appeared in the standards of productive performance. for broilers at the age of 38 days, and there were no significant differences in the percentage of dressing, the relative weight of the internal organs and the concentration of ammonia NH3 gas, while rearing on the wire floor reduced the concentration of carbon dioxide Co2 and raised the body temperature of the birds raised on the wire floor, there was a significant improvement in measures of well-being, the incidence of inflammation of the hock burn and footpad dermatitis. The biochemical and hormonal characteristics were not significantly affected when raising birds on wire floor, and there was an improvement in the level of antioxidants in the bird’s body through an increase in GSH. We conclude from this study that raising broilers on the wire floor did not affect the productive performance, but it improved the status of antioxidants and welfare standards for broilers.
Effect of Using Three Bacterial Isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 as Probiotics on Thyroid Hormones and Liver Enzymes of Common Carp Fingerlings Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (1758)
Authors: Jabbar Ahmed Radhi , Salman Ali Hussein 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of three bacterial isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144, and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 on thyroid hormones and liver enzymes of common carp fingerlings which had initial body weight attained (44±0.69) g. A total of 72 fish were used and randomly divided into 4 treatments with 3 replicates (6 fish per replicate). An experimental diet was prepared with a crude protein attained (29.14%) and gross energy of 396.726 kcal / g. The bacterial suspensions were prepared at a dilution of 1*10-6 cfu/ml and were added to the suspension of 20% Arabic gum and phosphate buffer salt as an enveloping and adhesive material of bacterial cells to increase their stability and survival on feed pellets. The liquid bacterial suspensions were added to specified amounts of the experimental diets according to the following treatments (T0 control treatment, T1 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, T2 Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144, and T3 Streptococcus thermophilus 5935. Thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, and T4) and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALPA) were assessed after 83 days of the experiment. results of the statistical analysis showed that all the bacterial isolates treatments exceeded on T0 of thyroid hormones as T2 followed by T3 and then T1. As for liver enzymes, T0 was significantly exceeded on other treatments of AST, while there was no significant difference among all experimental treatments of ALT. T0 was exceeded on other treatments of ALP, whilst the lowest recorded mean of T3. Here we conclude that the three bacterial isolates treatments in the food of common carp fingerling had a major role in increasing the values of thyroid hormones, and this indicates an increase in the metabolic activities of these fish, and no damage occurred to the liver cells of those fish as a result of the use of the mentioned bacterial isolates.
The Utilization of Date Fruit in the Ration to Accelerate Sexual Maturity of the Heifers
Authors: Al-Abbasi Hasan H. H. , Mahdi Atheer S. , Mohammed Ali H. , Al-Wazeer Anmar A. M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding different levels of date fruit in the ration on accelerated puberty and sexual maturity in Frisian heifers raises in South Iraq. Sixty-four Frisian heifers (4 months-old) were equally allocated to four groups (16 heifers each). All groups were fed the same ration, the first group (T1) was fed without any additive, while the second (T2), third (T3), and fourth (T4) groups were fed 0.5, 1, and 2 kg of date fruits/head/day, respectively in addition to basal ration. Results showed that the percentage of heifers fed 1 and 2 kg of date fruits reached puberty faster than those fed 0 and 0.5kg of date fruits at 6-10 months of age. A similar trend happened in the percentage of heifers that reach sexual maturity at 9-13 months of age. The period of progress in puberty of T4 heifers was three months, based on the world’s average puberty (12 months) and the period of progress in sexual maturity was five months, based on the world’s average maturity (18 months). Results revealed that the dietary addition of date fruits has a significant effect (P≤0.01) on a percentage of advanced puberty in T2, T3, and T4 heifers compared with those receiving control ration (T1). The percentage of sexual maturity in T2, T3, and T4 heifers was higher than those in control one(T1). Furthermore, the heifers in T4 and T3 were higher (P ≤0.01) than heifers in T1 and T2 in the duration of progress in puberty and sexual maturity in heifers.
Testing the Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles Manufactured Locally by the Alga Spirogyra in Inhibiting the Fungus Aspergillus flavus and Reduction of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Aljbori Najeh Mohammed , Hussein Halima Z. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in the mycotoxins lab at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of Baghdad with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of bio- and locally manufactured silver nanoparticles by the alga Spirogyra locally and biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles in inhibiting the fungus Aspergillus flavus and reduction of aflatoxin B1. The results showed the alga Spirogyra highly efficient in the biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles and the size of the synthesized nanoparticles was 8.504 nm when examined by atomic force microscope AFM, which showed a high efficiency in inhibiting the isolate of the fungus Aspergillus flavus at concentrations 1.5, 2 and 3, and the percentage of inhibition was 86.7%, 97.64, 100%, respectively, It also indicated a high efficiency in preventing the fungus from producing aflatoxin B1 on the stored wheat grains. The concentrations of toxins in stored wheat samples were 6.25 ppb, 4.11 ppb and 0.0ppb for concentrations 1.5, 2, and 3 compared with the control treatment in which the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was 88.4ppb, as the percentage of reduction was 92.92%, 95.35% and 100, respectively. The results of biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles also showed an efficiency in reducing aflatoxin B1 from stored wheat grains. The concentration (3) was superior in reducing aflatoxin B1 to 2ppb compared to concentrations of (1.5 and 2), in which the toxin concentration reached 10.25 ppb and 7.15 ppb, respectively, with a reduction percentage of 88.4%, 91.91% and 97.73%.
Preparation of Emulsions of some Vegetable Oils and Evaluation of Their Effectiveness in Inhibiting Pathogenic Fungus Didymella bryoniae
Authors: Hassan Abdullah Abdulkareem , Mazion Maryam Sarhan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Five pathogenic fungi were isolated from the infected melon/Cucumis melo, Cucumber/Cucumis sativus, Watermelon/Citrullus lanatus and Squash/Cucurbita pepo with gum stem blight disease. The fungi identified to the species level by the nucleotide sequence analysis method for the ITS region within the 5.8SrRNA gene as Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-16, S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-17, S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-18, S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-19 and S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-19 and S. cucurbitacearum strain Has. AA-20 then registered in the World Genetic Bank at the NCBI website under the accession numbers OP247683.1, OP247685.1, OP247686.1, OP247709.1 and OP247707.1, respectively. The physical and antagonistic properties of five types of emulsions produced from lavender, thyme, cinnamon and cloves oils with surfactants Inex A and Spam 80 were studied. The results showed a decrease in the surface tension of all emulsions produced from these oils with both surfactants. Increasing the temperature to 40°C led to a more decrease in the surface tension compared to 20°C. The lowest surface tension values for emulsions produced from clove, thyme and cinnamon oils with the Index A (1:6;oil:Inex A) at 40°C, the surface tension reached to 11.98, 13.22 and 14.17 Dyne/cm, respectively. The stability of all emulsions resulting from the studied oils increased with an increase in the ratios of the Inex A and Span 80, the highest stability was reached by decreasing the separation layer when emulsions of thyme and lavender oils with Inex A at a ratio of 1:6 at 20°C, which reached 0.61 and 0.66 cm, respectively. All emulsions consisting of oils and surfactants inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungus D. bryoniae, the highest inhibition zones were 1.9, 1.8, 1.7 and 1.6 cm for emulsions resulting from clove, cinnamon, thyme and lavender oils with Inex A at a ratio of 1:4 at a 20°C, respectively.
Efficiency of some Jasmonic Acid Concentrations on Mortality of Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch on Eggplant
Authors: Talib Yusra Jamal , Abass Mohammed Hamza , Thamer Nadia Kadhim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The efficiency of Jasmonic acid concentrations 0, 5, 50 and 100μM was examined mortality of adult female and nymphs of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae fed on leaves of over four time intervals of 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. The results showed the significant effect of the treatments on the corrected mortality ratios for both stages, as well as for the interaction of the treatments of variety, concentration and time. In general, the results indicated the increase of mortality with the increase of the time period. It was observed that the concentration of 100μM during the time periods and all varieties and the concentration of 50μM after the time periods 24, 36 and 48 hours on the Barcelona variety and the concentration of 5μM during the last two time periods on the Bowie variety had the highest corrected mortality ratio, which was 100%, while the lowest mortality ratio was 0% at the concentration 5μM with 12 hours after treatment on adult females fed on the leaves of Jawaher variety. Regarding the effect of treatment on nymphal stage, In general, the results of the triple interaction between treatments indicated that the concentration of 5 μM had a synergistic effect along with Bowie variety and at all time periods in obtaining of the highest mortality ratio of individuals of nymphal stage (100%) and with significant differences from the other treatment while the same concentration after 12 hours of treatment achieved lowest mortality ratio of the nymph fed on the leaves of the variety Jawaher which amounted 0%.
Response of Sorghum bicolor L. Cultivars to Added Levels of Salicylic Acid
Authors: Atwi Mustafa Raddad Drig , Hashem Mohamed Alwan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To determine the impact of sorghum variety and salicylic acid concentration on growth characteristics and yield of sorghum crop, a field experiment was applied in the spring of 2022 at the second agricultural research and experiment station of the College of Agriculture at Al-Muthanna University in the Al Bandar area (about 3 km from the city center). The experiment used split plots arranged in a completely random sector and randomized design. Items were plotted in the main plots, while salicylic acid concentrations were plotted in the sub plots. The most important results were the following, there was a significant effect of the salvaged cultivar on plant height (119.15 cm), number of leaves 9.60 (leaf), number of grains per panicle 1617 (grain panicle−1) and grain yield (3.36) tons ha−1, while the variety outperformed Good in the trait of the area of the flag leaf and the diameter of the stem (303.9 cm and 20.35 mm) respectively, as well as a significant effect of the concentration 120 ppm in the trait (number of days from planting until 75% of flowering, number of leaves per plant, number of grains per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, Grain yield, biological yield, harvest index (it amounted to 93.78) days, 9.45 tons of leaf−1 1494 grain panicle−1, 32.96 g, 3.46 tons H−1, 12.59 tons H−1, 29.76%) respectively. With respect to the characteristic of the number of grains per panicle, a significant difference was obtained for the interaction between the factors, as the combination (variety rescued x concentration 120 ppm) recorded a significant superiority, yielding the highest average amount, 2017 grain panicle−1.
Effect of Potassium Humate and Spraying With Boron on the Yield and Its Components of Sesame Crop
Authors: Madghash Majid Rasheed , Ali Omar Nazhan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The impact of ground addition of potassium humate and boron spraying on sesame indicators, yield, and its components was investigated in a field experiment at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department of the College of Agriculture - Tikrit University 2021. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using a factorial experiment consisting of two components, the first of which was the addition of potassium humate and the second of which was the spraying of boron. During the first week of June 2021, seeds were planted in soil that had been amended with potassium humate at five different concentrations: 0, 3.6, 7.2, 10.8, and 14.4 g.l-1. A randomized full block design was used to statistically assess the data gathered from spraying three different amounts of boron (0, 100, and 200) g.l-1 prior to the onset of flowering. Here is a rundown of the findings: The number of capsules per plant treated with potassium humate (H3) was the highest (89.111 capsule.plant-1), and the total yield was also much higher (compared to other treatments) (3.427 kg.ha-1). Both the capsule length (2.573 cm) and the individual yield (15.673 g) were significantly higher in plants that were subjected to a boron (B3) spraying treatment. For the features of the number of seeds per capsule (71,333 seeds.capsule-1) and the weight of one thousand seeds, the interaction combination (H5B3) yielded the greatest significant value (4.491 g).
Effect of Sowing Rates and Potassium Foliar Feeding on some Growth and Yield of Millet Panicum miliaceum L.
Authors: Al-Hassoun Osama Saleh Mahdi , Mohsen Haider Abdul Hussein 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the seeding rate reducing and potassium spraying on the growth and yield of local millet, at Abu Chwilana region (8 km north of the governorate), during the summer season 2022 was carry out by factorial experiment with Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D), the first factor include three seeding rates were 8, 10 and 12 kg ha−1, the second factor was four potassium spray treatment levels, were 0, 3000, 6000 and 9000 K PPM. the seeds were sown on 04/22/2022. The potassium spraying process was conducted in two stages, the first at the beginning of the branches and the second at the beginning of flowering. The results show that the seed rates affected the studied traits of the vegetative growth of the crop, as the seed treatment (10 kg ha−1) was superior in plant height, leaf area, tiller number, and most of the yield and its components, as the grains number, individual plant yield. Plant height, leaf area, and tiller count were all considerably increased by the 9000 ppm potassium spray treatment, while grain yield per dahlia and total plant yield were also increased by a statistically significant margin. The interaction treatment of 10 kg ha-1 × 900 ppm was significantly superior in majority of the obtained characteristics.
Effect of Alcohol Extract, Volatile Oil and Alkaloid Isolated from Capsicum frutescens L. Fruits on Candida albicans
Authors: Al-Ghazali Linda H , Al-Masoody Itlal Hakim , Ismael Maha Hameed , Al-Ibrahemi Nibras 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study involved extracting the of alcohol extract, volatile oil and alkaloid isolated from Capsicum frutescens L. fruits on Candida albican,. It also involved test a phytochemical screen and determine the percentage yield of the alcohol extract, volatile oil and alkaloid, Capsicum annuum L. was collected from the Karbala City, that approximately 24 hours to extract using Soxhlet apparatus with 400 ml of Methanol Alcohol Solvent in a 1000 ml Flask, and evaporation by rotary evaporation 40C° for drying, and storage at 4C° until use, indicate results that Percentage yield of Alcohol and volatile oils extracted was (3.8% and 4.1%), showing alcohol extract that high positive reaction with used reagent, Alkaloid, Phenol, Glycoside, and Flavonoid, Saponin and tannin. While volatile oil extract revealed positive results for Alkaloid, Glycoside, Flavonoid, tannin and Phenol while and Saponin indicate negative results. The antifungal effects of alcohol extract, volatile oil and alkaloid depended on different concentration, The alcohol extract’s inhibition zone measured 11.12 mm and had a 20 mg/ml concentration, while concentration 40 mg/ml was inhibition zone 12.34mm while concentration 80 mg/ml was inhibition zone 13.65mm, while concentration 100 mg/ml was inhibition zone 15.76 mm, while The inhibition zone of volatile oil extract was 12.76 mm in concentration 0.5 mg/ml, while concentration 0.1 mg/ml was inhibition zone 14.75mm, while concentration 1 mg/ml was inhibition zone 15.76, while concentration 2 mg/ml was inhibition zone 18.65 mm, Alkaloid’s inhibition zone measured 12.34 mm at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 14.13 mm in those of 5 mg/ml. while concentration 10 mg/ml was inhibition zone 15.98mm, while concentration 15 mg/ml was inhibition zone 20.12 mm. The aim from this study is to determine the best extract (alcohol extract, volatile oil and alkaloid ) isolated from Capsicum frutescens L. fruits on Candida albican.