bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy-unhealthy animal detection using semi-supervised generative adversarial network
Authors: Almal Shubh , Bagepalli Apoorva Reddy , Dutta Prajjwal , Chaki Jyotismita 
Published: February 2023

Background
Animal illness is a disturbance in an animal’s natural condition that disrupts or changes critical functions. Concern over animal illnesses stretches back to the earliest human interactions with animals and is mirrored in early religious and magical beliefs. Animals have long been recognized as disease carriers. Man has most likely been bitten, stung, kicked, and gored by animals for as long as he has been alive; also, early man fell ill or died after consuming the flesh of deceased animals. Man has recently learned that numerous invertebrates are capable of transferring disease-causing pathogens from man to man or from other vertebrates to man. These animals, which function as hosts, agents, and carriers of disease, play a significant role in the transmission and perpetuation of human sickness. Thus, there is a need to detect unhealthy animals from a whole group of animals.

Methods
In this study, a deep learning-based method is used to detect or separate out healthy-unhealthy animals. As the dataset contains a smaller number of images, an image augmentation-based method is used prior to feed the data in the deep learning network. Flipping, scale-up, sale-down and orientation is applied in the combination of one to four to increase the number of images as well as to make the system robust from these variations. One fuzzy-based brightness correction method is proposed to correct the brightness of the image. Lastly, semi-supervised generative adversarial network (SGAN) is used to detect the healthy-unhealthy animal images. As per our knowledge, this is the first article which is prepared to detect healthy-unhealthy animal images.

Results
The outcome of the method is tested on augmented COCO dataset and achieved 91% accuracy which is showing the efficacy of the method.

Conclusions
A novel two-fold animal healthy-unhealthy detection system is proposed in this study. The result gives 91.4% accuracy of the model and detects the health of the animals in the pictures accurately. Thus, the system improved the literature on healthy-unhealthy animal detection techniques. The proposed approach may effortlessly be utilized in many computer vision systems that could be confused by the existence of a healthy-unhealthy animal.
Deoxycholic acid exacerbates intestinal inflammation by modulating interleukin-1β expression and tuft cell proportion in dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis
Authors: Ju Jingyi , Zhang Cui , Yang Jiaolan , Yang Qinglu , Yin Pengyun , Sun Xiaomin 
Published: February 2023

Background
The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. However, intestinal metabolism is known to be critical in the pathogenesis of IBD. Bile acid is one of the main intestinal metabolites, and its role in the pathogenesis of IBD is worthy of investigation. This study investigated the role of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a bile acid, in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Methods
Peripheral serum metabolomics, fecal metabolomics, and microbiome analyses were performed on patients with IBD and healthy controls. Flow cytometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence analysis were used to evaluate cytokines in the inflamed colonic mucosa and immune cells and tuft cells in the intestine of mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.

Results
In total, 156 patients with IBD and 58 healthy controls were enrolled. DCA levels in the serum and feces of patients with IBD were significantly decreased compared to the controls. This decrease was associated with a decrease in the abundance of intestinal flora, including Firmicutes, Clostridia, Ruminnococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. Additionally, interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the serum of patients with active Crohn’s disease were significantly increased compared with the healthy controls. Moreover, in DCA-treated DSS-induced mice, the expression of IL-1β and the proportion of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells increased while the number of intestinal tuft cells decreased, compared with the DSS group.

Conclusion
In IBD patients, the decreased DCA levels in serum and fecal samples are associated with disturbances in gut microflora diversity and abundance. Possible mechanisms by which DCA affects immunity in DSS-induced murine colitis include increasing IL-1β secretion, reducing the number of tuft cells in the mucosa, and activating CD4+ and CD3+ T cells to exaggerate immune responses, consequently worsening intestinal inflammation.
Growth Performance and Hematological Characteristics of Wistar Rats Fed Diets Formulated from Three Species of Mollusks (Limicolaria flammea, Viviparus contectus and Egeria radiata) from Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Felagha I. , Amadi B. A. , Monanu M. O. , Godwin S. O. 
Published: February 2023

Aim: The present study investigated the performance characteristics and hematological parameters of Wistar rats fed diets formulated from three species of mollusks (Limicolaria flammea, Viviparus contectus and Egeria radiata).
Study Design: Twenty-five Wistar rats (negative control, positive control, 3 experimental groups) were used in the 28-days feeding experiment and administered diets as follows: T1-Basal, T2-CerelacTM (Nestle Foods Nigeria Plc), T3- L. flammea, T4- V. contectus and T5- E. radiata.
Methodology: Proximate composition of diets and faecal and carcass nitrogen were determined by standard methods while hematological analysis was done using Mindray PC-10 Auto Hematology Analyzer.
Results: Crude protein composition of the experimental diets ranged from 6.74±0.03% to 19.58±0.02% in T1 and T5 respectively. T2, T3, T4 and T5 animals had significant weight gain except T1. T3, T4 and T5 had higher total feed consumed values compared to T2. There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR) between T2 and experimental diets (T3, T4, T5). T1 had a negative feed conversion ratio (FCR) (-0.03±0.002) and hence significantly lower (p<0.05) than T2, T3, T4 and T5. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was lowest in T5 and highest in cerelac group; Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of T2 was significantly higher (p<.05) than other groups while T1 was significantly lower (p<.05) than other groups. True digestibility (TD) in T4 was higher than other experimental groups (T1, T2, T3, T5). Biological value (BV) showed the following trend: T5<T3<T4<T2. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the relative organ weights of the heart, kidney and spleen of rats in this study. Except for T3, all other diets boosted packed cell volume (PCV) levels higher than controls (T1 and T2). T4 animals had higher values for packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC) and lower values for monocytes and neutrophils when compared to T1 and T2.
Conclusion: The formulated diets thus showed good potential to maintain health (except T3 which showed significant harmful effects on hematological parameters) hence their consumption (after proper cooking) is thus encouraged.
Effect of Combined Application of Non–Nano and Nano Fertilizers on the Growth, Yield and Oil Content of Sunflower under Semi-arid Conditions
Authors: Vadlamudi Jyothi Swaroopa , Anitha S. , Sawargaonkar Gajanan L. , Prameela P. 
Published: February 2023

Field experiment was conducted at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad during early summer season in 2021 and 2022 to study the “Effect of integrated use of Nano and Non–Nano fertilizers on the growth and yield of sunflower under semi-arid conditions”. The experiment was carried out using randomized block design with 3 replications and comprised of 12 treatments. The averages of all study indicators were compared according to L.S.D test at a probability level of 0.05. Results revealed that application of conventional fertilizers as per recommended dose (75:90:30 kg/ha) along with foliar application of nano (19:19:19) N P K at 0.2% at 30 DAS and 60 DAS + nano boron at 0.2 % at ray floret opening stage (T7) recorded highest plant height (195,197 and196 cm), number of leaves (27.43, 28.12 and 27.78), leaf area (7632, 7665 and 7649 cm2 plant-1), leaf area index (LAI) (4.24 4.25 and 4.25), and dry matter production (98.96, 97.64 and 98.30 g/plant) at 90 DAS in both the years and on mean basis. However, treatment T7 was statistically on par with the treatment T9 - Conventional fertilizers 50% as per recommended dose + nano (19:19:19) N P K at 0.2% as foliar spray at 30 DAS and 60 DAS and nano boron at ray floret opening stage. Seed yield (1961,1915 and 1938 kg/ha), stalk yield (4193, 3918 and 4055 kg/ha) were also significantly influenced during both the years respectively with the treatment (T7) was statistically on par with the treatment T9. Lowest seed yield (758, 710 and 734 kg/ ha) and stalk yield (1684, 1702 and 1693 kg/ ha) and oil content (40.73 %, 39.67% & 40.20) was recorded with the control in both the years and on mean basis.
Long-term Outcomes After Rituximab Treatment for Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Kuzumi Ai , Ebata Satoshi , Fukasawa Takemichi , Matsuda Kazuki M. , Kotani Hirohito , Yoshizaki-Ogawa Asako , Sato Shinichi , Yoshizaki Ayumi 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceRituximab is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for systemic sclerosis (SSc), but its long-term outcomes and response markers are unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term outcomes after rituximab treatment for SSc and identify potential response markers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this single-center cohort study, patients with SSc who continued to receive rituximab after the DESIRES trial were analyzed with a median follow-up of 96 weeks. Among the 43 patients who completed the DESIRES trial, 31 continued to receive rituximab, of which 29 with complete data were included in this study.ExposuresRituximab treatment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA post hoc analysis of the clinical and laboratory data.ResultsIn 29 patients with SSc (27 female [93%]; median [IQR] age, 48 [35-45] years), significant improvement in modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) and percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) were observed after 1 (median [IQR] change in MRSS, −7 [−8.5 to −4]; P &amp;lt; .001) and 3 (median [IQR] change in FVC% predicted, 1.85 [0.13-5.68]; P &amp;lt; .001) courses of rituximab, respectively, both of which were sustained during follow-up. High responders (MRSS improvement of ≥9; n = 16) experienced a greater decrease in serum levels of IgG (median [IQR] change in IgG, −125 [−207 to −83] vs 7 [−120 to 43]; P = .008) and IgA (median [IQR] change in IgA, −45 [−96 to −32] vs −11 [−20 to 3]; P &amp;lt; .001) compared with low responders (MRSS improvement of ≤8; n = 13). In particular, decrease in serum IgA levels significantly correlated with the improvement in MRSS (r = 0.64; P &amp;lt; .001). At the last follow-up, low IgM, low IgA, and low IgG was observed in 7, 1, and 1 patient, respectively, of which low IgM was associated with greater improvement in FVC% predicted (median [IQR] change in FVC% predicted, 7.2 [3.8-8.9] vs 3.6 [1.4-6.2]; P = .003).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, rituximab treatment was associated with significantly improved skin and lung fibrosis in SSc in a long-term follow-up. Decrease in serum immunoglobulins was associated with greater clinical response.
Hospitalization Associated With Comorbid Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders Among Adults With COVID-19 Treated in US Emergency Departments From April 2020 to August 2021
Authors: Schieber Lyna Z. , Dunphy Christopher , Schieber Richard A. , Lopes-Cardozo Barbara , Moonesinghe Ramal , Guy Gery P. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, US emergency department (ED) visits for psychiatric disorders (PDs) and drug overdoses increased. Psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) independently increased the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, yet their effect together is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess how comorbid PD and SUD are associated with the probability of hospitalization among ED patients with COVID-19.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed discharge data for adults (age ≥18 years) with a COVID-19 diagnosis treated in 970 EDs and inpatient hospitals in the United States from April 2020 to August 2021.ExposuresAny past diagnosis of (1) SUD from opioids, stimulants, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives, or other substances and/or (2) PD, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, bipolar disorder, major depression, other mood disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or schizophrenia.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was any hospitalization. Differences in probability of hospitalization were calculated to assess its association with both PD and SUD compared with PD alone, SUD alone, or neither condition.ResultsOf 1 274 219 ED patients with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age, 54.6 [19.1] years; 667 638 women [52.4%]), 18.6% had a PD (mean age, 59.0 years; 37.7% men), 4.6% had a SUD (mean age, 50.1 years; 61.7% men), and 2.3% had both (mean age, 50.4 years; 53.1% men). The most common PDs were anxiety (12.9%), major depression (9.8%), poly (≥2) PDs (6.4%), and schizophrenia (1.4%). The most common SUDs involved alcohol (2.1%), cannabis (1.3%), opioids (1.0%), and poly (≥2) SUDs (0.9%). Prevalence of SUD among patients with PTSD, schizophrenia, other mood disorder, or ADHD each exceeded 21%. Based on significant specific PD-SUD pairs (Q &amp;lt; .05), probability of hospitalization of those with both PD and SUD was higher than those with (1) neither condition by a weighted mean of 20 percentage points (range, 6 to 36; IQR, 16 to 25); (2) PD alone by 12 percentage points (range, −4 to 31; IQR, 8 to 16); and (3) SUD alone by 4 percentage points (range, −7 to 15; IQR, −2 to 7). Associations varied by types of PD and SUD. Substance use disorder was a stronger predictor of hospitalization than PD.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that patients with both PD and SUD had a greater probability of hospitalization, compared with those with either disorder alone or neither disorder. Substance use disorders appear to have a greater association than PDs with the probability of hospitalization. Overlooking possible coexisting PD and SUD in ED patients with COVID-19 can underestimate the likelihood of hospitalization. Screening and assessment of both conditions are needed.
Comparing Kidney Transplant Rates and Outcomes Among Adults With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Hand Brittany N. , Hyer J. Madison , Schenk Austin , Coyne Alex , Gilmore Daniel , Wang Lauren , Ejaz Aslam 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceImproving equity in organ transplant access for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is a topic of social discourse in mainstream media, state legislation, and national legislation. However, few studies have compared evaluation rates, transplant rates, and outcomes among adults with and without IDD.ObjectiveTo compare rates of kidney transplant and transplant-specific outcomes between propensity–score matched groups of adults with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD [also referred to as end-stage renal disease (ESRD)]) with and without co-occurring IDD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included all Medicare inpatient and outpatient standard analytical files from 2013 through 2020. A total of 1 413 655 adult Medicare beneficiaries with ESKD were identified. Propensity–score matching was used to balance cohorts based on age, sex, race, follow-up duration, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The matched cohorts consisted of 21 384 adults with ESKD (10 692 of whom had IDD) and 1258 kidney transplant recipients (629 of whom had IDD). Data were analyzed between June 1, 2022, and August 1, 2022.ExposureIDD.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEvaluation for kidney transplant, receipt of kidney transplant, perioperative complications, readmission, mortality, graft rejection, and graft failure.ResultsOf the 21 384 propensity–score matched adults with ESKD, the median (IQR) age was 55 (43-65) years, 39.2% were male, 27.4% were Black, 64.1% were White, and 8.5% identified as another race or ethnicity. After propensity score matching within the ESKD cohort, 633 patients with IDD (5.9%) received a kidney transplant compared with 1367 of adults without IDD (12.8%). Adults with IDD were 54% less likely than matched peers without IDD to be evaluated for transplant (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.43-0.50) and 62% less likely to receive a kidney transplant (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.34-0.42). Among matched cohorts of kidney transplant recipients, rates of perioperative complications, readmission, and graft failure were similar for adults with and without IDD.Conclusions and RelevanceUsing the largest cohort of adult kidney transplant recipients with IDD to date, the study team found that rates of evaluation and transplant were lower despite yielding equivalent outcomes. These data support consideration of adults with IDD for kidney transplant and underscore the urgent need for antidiscrimination initiatives to promote the receipt of equitable care for this population.
Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Brown Zachary J. , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Ruff Samantha M. , Mohseni Alireza , Kamel Ihab R. , Cloyd Jordan M. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent advances in systemic and locoregional therapies have led to changes in many guidelines regarding systemic therapy, as well as the possibility to downstage patients to undergo resection. This review examines the advances in surgical and medical therapies relative to multidisciplinary treatment strategies for HCC.ObservationsHCC is a major health problem worldwide. The obesity epidemic has made nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a major risk factor for the development of HCC. Multiple societies, such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, provide guidelines for screening at-risk patients, as well as define staging systems to guide optimal treatment strategies. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system is widely accepted and has recently undergone updates with the introduction of new systemic therapies and stage migration.Conclusions and RelevanceThe treatment of patients with HCC should involve a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration among surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and interventional radiologists to provide optimal care. Treatment paradigms must consider both tumor and patient-related factors such as extent of liver disease, which is a main driver of morbidity and mortality. The advent of more effective systemic and locoregional therapies has prolonged survival among patients with advanced disease and allowed some patients to undergo surgical intervention who would otherwise have disease considered unresectable.
Transformative learning: An emotional (r)evolution
Authors: Carter Patricia L. , Nicolaides Aliki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis update to Mezirow's Transformative Learning theory seeks to advance Mälkki's enhancement to the emotional dimension in phase one—the disorienting dilemma—by proposing the need for a complete grief process (as theorized by Kübler‐Ross), to support movement from Mälkki's conceptualization of “edge‐emotions” to a “comfort zone,” thus removing a barrier to a successful transition to phase two and three—self‐reflection and critical reflection—the latter considered essential to the transformative learning process. The authors also seek to stimulate new thinking about this topic in the literature; catalyze future empirical studies focusing on barriers, microprocesses, and phasic transitions of Mezirow's theory; and identify adaptive strategies to facilitate the transformative learning process.
Assessing transformative learning in international education: Critiques and new directions based on a systematic review of literature
Authors: Pang Guanglong , Cox Robert C. , Acheson Kris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing a bibliographic approach that employs a systematic literature review, this paper analyzes the state of the field for assessing transformative learning (TL). Assessing TL has always been challenging. Using the field of international education (IE) as a case study, this article leverages findings from the assessment of TL in IE to illustrate overall strengths and limitations of TL assessment instruments and techniques within the larger arc of TL theory. The field of IE exemplifies the challenges of TL assessment generally. This article reinforces distinctions between TL and “good learning,” recommends better alignment between scholarship and the needs of institutional administrators, considers current uses and limitations of instruments grounded in cognitive approaches, and concludes with new directions possible through the inclusion of extra‐rational perspectives in the assessment of TL.
A many‐splendored thing? Transformative learning for social justice
Authors: Finnegan Fergal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article critically reviews literature dealing with transformative learning and social justice. Based on a review of literature from major journals and conference proceedings concerned with transformative learning it offers an assessment of the significance of social justice research in the wider field. It describes how social justice is envisaged and approached theoretically, methodologically, and thematically in the reviewed publications. The article also critically assesses the strengths and limitations of research on this topic and offers some suggestions on how research on this topic might be advanced in the future.
Event‐triggered quantized‐output state estimation for discrete singular Markovian jump systems
Authors: Zhang Yingqi , Wang Xiaoyu , Basin Michael V. , Yan Jingjing 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis article concentrates on the event‐triggered (ET) quantized‐output state estimation of discrete‐time singular Markovian jump network systems (DSJNSs) with the disturbance input and interval time‐varying delays. Initially, an augmented DSJNS model with network‐induced delay is established by utilizing the quantized control and ET communication strategies. Then, based on the free‐weighing matrix and stochastic analysis approaches, sufficient conditions are obtained such that a delayed DSJNS is stochastically admissible. Using separation matrix variables, ET quantized state estimators and ET gain matrix parameters are co‐designed to ensure the stochastic admissibility of the DSJNS. Additionally, an electrical circuit example is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed technique.