bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Analytic Systems of Rules
Authors: Lang Timo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe define two simple systems of rules, i.e. calculi with a global condition on the order of rule instances in a proof, for the modal logics of shift-reflexive and Euclidean frames respectively. Cut-elimination, and therefore the subformula property, can be derived directly from the cut-elimination property of adjacent logics. We compare our system to the calculus of grafted hypersequents, which has previously been used to capture both logics.We then discuss an attempt to obtain similar ‘modular’ cut-elimination proofs in other systems of rules. This general attempt is carried out for two more logics, namely the modal logic of serial frames and the intermediate logic axiomatised by the law of the weak excluded middle.
Cosmological phase transitions in composite Higgs models
Authors: Fujikura Kohei , Nakai Yuichiro , Sato Ryosuke , Wang Yaoduo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate cosmological phase transitions in various composite Higgs models consisting of four-dimensional asymptotically-free gauge field theories. Each model may lead to a confinement-deconfinement transition and a phase transition associated with the spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry that realizes the Standard Model Higgs field as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson. Based on the argument of universality, we discuss the order of the phase transition associated with the global symmetry breaking by studying the renormalization group flow of the corresponding linear sigma model at finite temperature, which is calculated by utilizing theϵ-expansion technique at the one-loop order. Our analysis indicates that some composite Higgs models accommodate phenomenologically interesting first-order phase transitions. We also explore the confinement-deconfinement transition in a UV-completed composite Higgs model based on a Sp(2Nc) gauge theory. It is found that the first-order phase transition is favored when the number of degrees of freedom for the Sp(2Nc) gauge field is much larger than that of matter fields in the fundamental representation of Sp(2Nc). We comment on the gravitational wave signal generated by the confinement-deconfinement transition and its detectability at future observations. Our discussions motivate further studies on phase transitions in composite Higgs models with the use of lattice simulations.
Lagrangian Reduction by Stages in Field Theory
Authors: Berbel Miguel Á. , Castrillón López Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe propose a category of bundles in order to perform Lagrangian reduction by stages in covariant Field Theory. This category plays an analogous role to Lagrange–Poincaré bundles in Lagrangian reduction by stages in Mechanics and includes both jet bundles and reduced covariant configuration spaces. Furthermore, we analyze the resulting reconstruction condition and formulate the Noether theorem in this context. Finally, a model of a molecular strand with rotors is seen as an application of this theoretical frame.
Itemanalyse der Kurzformen des Tinnitusfragebogens: Mini-TF-12 und Mini-TF-15
Authors: Brueggemann Petra , Goebel Gerhard , Boecking Benjamin , Hofrichter Nienke , Rose Matthias , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine kurze, aber zuverlässige Messung des tinnitusbedingten Leidensdrucks ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für das Verständnis und die Therapieoptionen für dieses häufig sehr einschränkende Symptom. Im deutschen Raum werden mehrere Selbstauskunftsfragebögen benutzt, und für die deutsche Übersetzung des Tinnitusfragebogens (TF) existieren mehrere Kurzvarianten.

Zielsetzung
In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollten der häufig benutze Mini-TF-12-Fragebogen und der neu entwickelte Mini-TF-15-Fragebogen hinsichtlich Reliabilität, Itemschwierigkeit, Sensitivität (Trennschärfe) und Vorhersagekraft der Items untersucht werden, um eine Entscheidung für den einen oder anderen Fragebogen in verschiedenen Untersuchungskontexten zu erleichtern.

Methoden
Die Daten von 1409 Patienten mit chronischem Tinnitus, die die deutsche Version des 52-Item-TF und zusätzliche psychologische Tests (Allgemeine Depressionsskala – Langform, ADS‑L; Berliner Stimmungsfragebogen, BSF; Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ; Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment, ACSA, und Fragebogen zu Selbstwirksamkeit – Optimismus – Pessimismus, SWOP) im Tinnituszentrum der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin ausfüllten, wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Dazu wurde eine externe Validierung der Items verschiedener Versionen des TF durchgeführt (deutsche Originalversion TF, Mini-TF-12 und Mini-TF-15).

Ergebnisse
Die Items des Mini-TF-12 und des Mini-TF-15 korrelierten spezifisch mit der Gesamtskala. Beide Kurzfragebögen sind hinsichtlich Reliabilität und Itemkonstruktion (Schwierigkeit, Trennschärfe) von vergleichbarer Güte.

Schlussfolgerung
Beide Fragebögen weisen eine sehr gute Itemqualität auf und sind klinisch effizienter als die Langform des TF einzusetzen. Sollte jedoch für Forschungsfragen eine Ähnlichkeit der Faktorstruktur zum Originalfragebogen gefordert sein, empfiehlt sich der Einsatz des Mini-TF-15.
Digital sovereignty, digital infrastructures, and quantum horizons
Authors: Gordon Geoff 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article holds that governmental investments in quantum technologies speak to the imaginable futures of digital sovereignty and digital infrastructures, two major areas of change driven by related technologies like AI and Big Data, among other things, in international law today. Under intense development today for future interpolation into digital systems that they may alter, quantum technologies occupy a sort of liminal position, rooted in existing assemblages of computational technologies while pointing to new horizons for them. The possibilities they raise are neither certain nor determinate, but active investments in them (legal, political and material investments) offer perspective on digital technology-driven influences on an international legal imagination. In contributing to visions of the future that are guiding ambitions for digital sovereignty and digital infrastructures, quantum technologies condition digital technology-driven changes to international law and legal imagination in the present. Privileging observation and description, I adapt and utilize a diffractive method with the aim to discern what emerges out of the interference among the several related things assembled for this article, including material technologies and legal institutions. In conclusion, I observe ambivalent changes to an international legal imagination, changes which promise transformation but appear nonetheless to reproduce current distributions of power and resources.
Global governance and the normalization of artificial intelligence as ‘good’ for human health
Authors: Strange Michael , Tucker Jason 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe term ‘artificial intelligence’ has arguably come to function in political discourse as, what Laclau called, an ‘empty signifier’. This article traces the shifting political discourse on AI within three key institutions of global governance–OHCHR, WHO, and UNESCO–and, in so doing, highlights the role of ‘crisis’ moments in justifying a series of pivotal re-articulations. Most important has been the attachment of AI to the narrative around digital automation in human healthcare. Greatly enabled by the societal context of the pandemic, all three institutions have moved from being critical of the unequal power relations in the economy of AI to, today, reframing themselves primarily as facilitators tasked with helping to ensure the application of AI technologies. The analysis identifies a shift in which human health and healthcare is framed as in a ‘crisis’ to which AI technology is presented as the remedy. The article argues the need to trace these discursive shifts as a means by which to understand, monitor, and where necessary also hold to account these changes in the governance of AI in society.
A Class of Locally Inhomogeneous Complete Quaternionic Kähler Manifolds
Authors: Cortés Vicente , Gil-García Alejandro , Saha Arpan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe prove that the one-loop deformation of any quaternionic Kähler manifold in the class of c-map spaces is locally inhomogeneous. As a corollary, we obtain that the full isometry group of the one-loop deformation of any homogeneous c-map space has precisely cohomogeneity one.
Transillumination method in total knee arthroplasty: new approach with old tools
Authors: Karimov Murodulla , Madrakhimov Sarvar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, we evaluated the possibility of precise intraoperative localization of the lateral genicular arteries by an orthopaedic surgeon using the transillumination method.

Methods
Twelve patients underwent cemented TKA with patella-friendly Zimmer Biomet NexGen Legacy Posterior Stabilized prostheses (without patellar resurfacing), seven right knees and five left knees. The mean age of patients in the study group was 66.636 ± 7.003 years. The minimal follow-up period was 13 months (mean—16.363 ± 2.5 months). Functional outcomes were assessed using Knee Society and a specific patellar questionnaire—Kujala Score. Intraoperative detection of insufficient patellar stability and/or patellar maltracking was based on the no-thumb technique. In pre- and postoperative period X-ray investigation, standard standing X-ray and Merchant view were used to evaluate implant position and patellofemoral congruency.

Results
In this study, ten out of twelve knee joints (83.3%) had at least one artery visible by the proposed method in the lateral parapatellar area. Five out of ten knee joints had more than one artery that could be visualized and identified as an arterial vessel. Postoperative Knee Society Score showed significant improvement from a mean 51.181 ± 3.868 to a mean 88.727 ± 3.663. Mean hospital length of stay is 8.545 ± 1.863 days. X-ray assessment using standard anteroposterior, lateral, and Merchant skyline views showed appropriate implant positioning and patellofemoral congruency. The mean Kujala Score in the postoperative period (3 and 6 months) was 67.3 ± 6.75 and 75.6 ± 6.42, respectively.

Conclusions
Using the proposed transillumination method can help preserve the lateral blood supply to the patella and to avoid devascularized patella-related complications.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered on 5 of May 2023, Registration number – 3/3-1757.
Spliceosome mutations are associated with clinical response in a phase 1b/2 study of the PLK1 inhibitor onvansertib in combination with decitabine in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Croucher Peter J P , Ridinger Maya , Becker Pamela S. , Lin Tara L. , Silberman Sandra L. , Wang Eunice S. , Zeidan Amer M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPLK1 is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A phase 1b trial of the PLK1 inhibitor onvansertib (ONV) combined with decitabine (DAC) demonstrated initial safety and efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML. The current study aimed to identify molecular predictors of response to ONV + DAC in R/R AML patients. A total of 44 R/R AML patients were treated with ONV + DAC and considered evaluable for efficacy. Bone marrow (BM) samples were collected at baseline for genomic and transcriptomic analysis (n= 32). A 10-gene expression signature, predictive of response to ONV + DAC, was derived from the leading-edge genes of gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA). The gene signature was evaluated in independent datasets and used to identify associated mutated genes. Twenty percent of the patients achieved complete remission, with or without hematologic count recovery (CR/CRi), and 32% exhibited a ≥50% reduction in bone marrow blasts. Patients who responded to treatment had elevated mitochondrial function and OXPHOS. The gene signature was not associated with response to DAC alone in an independent dataset. By applying the signature to the BeatAML cohort (n= 399), we identified a positive association between predicted ONV + DAC response and mutations in splicing factors (SF). In the phase 1b/2 trial, patients with SF mutations (SRSF2, SF3B1) had a higher CR/CRi rate (50%) compared to those without SF mutations (9%). PLK1 inhibition with ONV in combination with DAC could be a potential therapy in R/R AML patients, particularly those with high OXPHOS gene expression and SF mutations.
Current perceptions and working time models of female urologists in Germany: results of a large-scale survey
Authors: Weinberger Sarah , Welte Maria-Noemi , Knipper Sophie , Siech Carolin , Greiser Eva Maria , Wiemer Laura , Müller Karina , Bellut Laura , Herlemann Annika , Schoenburg Sandra , Walach Margarete Teresa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Female urologists are distinctly underrepresented in leading positions. The reasons behind this inequity remain unclear, with some suggesting factors such as family responsibilities, part-time work and insufficient mentorship. This study aimed to explore and characterize the working conditions of female urologists in Germany, with a focus on factors influencing the working time model.

Methods
A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 1343 female members of the German Society of Urology between February and March 2022. The survey consisted of 43 questions covering the categories demographics, occupation situation, satisfaction at work, family situation, career aspects and research activity.

Results
Of the 487 female German urologists who participated in the survey, 167 (34.3%) worked part-time. Doctors in training were significantly less likely to work part-time than colleagues who had completed their specialist training (p < 0.001). Only 10% of female doctors in training reported working part-time. Similarly, having children (p < 0.001) and engaging in scientific activities (p = 0.03) were independent factors influencing part-time work, with children increasing the likelihood of working part-time as expected, while scientifically active female urologists were more likely to work full-time.

Conclusion
This study provides the largest survey on the situation of female urologists in German-speaking countries to date. Part-time work during specialist training is rare, while more than 50% of female urologists with children work part-time. With the projected decline in the number of practicing physicians and the increasing demand for medical attention, it is crucial to find ways to retain and support healthcare professionals, particularly female urologists.
Centralized assignment of prizes and contestants
Authors: Barbieri Stefano , Serena Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study a contest design problem in which a designer chooses how many Tullock contests to have, how much to award to each contest, and which contestants (of high or low type) should be assigned to which contest. Our main result is that a single grand contest maximizes total effort. We consider three extensions. First, when the designers’ objective changes to maximizing the effort submitted by the winning contestant, we find that the optimal design involves the high-type contestants being assigned to a set of pairwise contests. Second, under multiple participations (a player’s effort is valid in multiple contests, as in several applications), running a contest open to all, along with a parallel contest open only to low types, increases total effort over a single grand contest. Third, tilting the playing field (a player’s effort is multiplied by a tilting factor) in favor of low types increases total effort in a single grand contest, even more than what is possible with multiple participations; thus, in applications, a quota reserved for traditionally disadvantaged categories results in lower total effort than a grand contest that optimally handicaps advantaged categories.
Focus distance estimation from photographed faces: a test of PerspectiveX using 1709 frontal and profile photographs from DSLR and smartphone cameras
Authors: Healy Sean S. , Stephan Carl N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs focus distance (FD) sets perspective, it is an important consideration for the forensic analysis of faces in photographs, including those used for craniofacial superimposition. In the craniofacial superimposition domain, the PerspectiveX algorithm has been suggested for FD estimation. This algorithm uses a mean value of palpebral fissure length, as a scale, to estimate the FD. So far, PerspectiveX has not been validated for profile view photographs or for photographs taken with smartphones. This study tests PerspectiveX in both front and profile views, using multiple DSLR cameras, lenses and smartphones. In total, 1709 frontal and 1709 profile photographs of 10 adult participants were tested at 15 ground truth FDs using three DSLR cameras with 12 camera/lens combinations, five smartphone back cameras and four smartphone front cameras. Across all distances, PerspectiveX performed with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 11% and 12% for DSLR photographs in frontal and profile views, respectively, while errors doubled for frontal and profile photographs from smartphones (26% and 27%, respectively). This reverifies FD estimation for frontal DSLR photographs, validates FD estimates from profile view DSLR photographs and shows that FD estimation is currently inaccurate for smartphones. Until such time that FD estimations for facial photographs taken using smartphones improves, DSLR or 35 mm film images should continue to be sought for craniofacial superimpositions.
Perspective distortion tolerances and skull-face registration in craniofacial superimposition: an analytical review
Authors: Healy Sean S. , Stephan Carl N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCraniofacial superimposition requires the photographic registration of a skull at transparency to a photograph of an antemortem (AM) face so that anatomical concordance between the two can be assessed. When the camera vantage point of the AM photograph is exactly replicated for skull photography, the superimposition is a relatively straightforward process as the images are precisely comparable without complicating factors. In practice, however, focus distances are almost never exactly replicated because the focus distance for AM face photography is rarely known. Embedded differences in perspective, thereby, drive the images away from correspondence, raising questions as to how much difference can be tolerated and what image registration methods should be used. Recently, a ± 1% mismatch in facial height has been posited as an acceptable upper tolerance limit to differential perspective, but this proposition is speculative and has not yet been confirmed by tests on real-life images. In addition, the impact of image registration methods, though critically relevant, has received comparatively little consideration. This paper provides the first in-depth review of these intertwined perspective/registration matters and objective evaluation of tolerances by using real 2D photographic images and synthetic images generated from 3D CT data to demonstrate perspective impact on skull morphology. Taken together, the review confirms a ≤ 1% perspective difference in facial height to be a suitable criterion for craniofacial superimposition (at least as a starting point for method improvement), and that image registration should be point-based using a sellion/nasion combination to minimize anatomical misalignment in the principal region-of-interest (the mid-face).
Divisive normalization processors in the early visual system of the Drosophila brain
Authors: Lazar Aurel A. , Zhou Yiyin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDivisive normalization is a model of canonical computation of brain circuits. We demonstrate that two cascaded divisive normalization processors (DNPs), carrying out intensity/contrast gain control and elementary motion detection, respectively, can model the robust motion detection realized by the early visual system of the fruit fly. We first introduce a model of elementary motion detection and rewrite its underlying phase-based motion detection algorithm as a feedforward divisive normalization processor. We then cascade the DNP modeling the photoreceptor/amacrine cell layer with the motion detection DNP. We extensively evaluate the DNP for motion detection in dynamic environments where light intensity varies by orders of magnitude. The results are compared to other bio-inspired motion detectors as well as state-of-the-art optic flow algorithms under natural conditions. Our results demonstrate the potential of DNPs as canonical building blocks modeling the analog processing of early visual systems. The model highlights analog processing for accurately detecting visual motion, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The results presented here shed new light on employing DNP-based algorithms in computer vision.
Susceptibility of SARS-CoV2 infection in children
Authors: Cotugno Nicola , Amodio Donato , Buonsenso Danilo , Palma Paolo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 in children presents with distinct phenotype in comparison to adults. Overall, the pediatric infection with a generally milder clinical course of the acute infection compared to adults still faces several unknown aspects. Specifically, the presence of a wide range of inflammatory manifestations, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), myocarditis, and long COVID in the period after infection suggests a particular susceptibility of some children upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Albeit peculiar complications such as long covid are less frequent in children compared to adults, research on the relationship between inflammatory syndromes and SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly evolving. Conclusions: new studies and findings continue to emerge, providing further insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. In the present work, we revised current knowledge of the main factors accounting for such variability upon SARS-CoV-2 infection over the pediatric age group.

What is Known:• COVID19 in children overall showed a milder course compared to adults during the acute phase of the infection.• Children showed to be susceptible to a wide range of post infectious complications including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), myocarditis, neuroinflammation, and long COVID.

What is New:• Mechanisms underlying susceptibility to a severe course of the infection were recently shown to pertain to the host.
• A specific combination of HLA was recently shown to be associated to higher susceptibility to MIS-C in children.
Host body mass, not sex, affects ectoparasite loads in yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis
Authors: Zduniak Milena , Serafini Sarah , Wróbel Aleksandra , Zwolak Rafał 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigated the presence and potential causes of sex bias in ectoparasite infestations in the yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis. We compared the natural tick and flea burdens of male and female mice in a temperate beech forest and assessed whether the observed differences were driven by host sex or body mass. We found that males were more heavily infested by ticks compared to female mice. However, this difference was driven by host body mass, and not sex itself. Host body mass positively correlated with flea loads, but there was no evidence of sex bias in flea abundance. In addition, the abundance of both ticks and fleas infesting yellow-necked mice changed over time, both seasonally (month to month) and annually (year to year). Our results underscore the importance of the sexual size dimorphism and the parasite taxon as the primary factors that influence the occurrence of sex-biased parasitism in small mammals.