bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalar Auxiliary Variable (SAV) Stabilization of Implicit‐Explicit (IMEX) Time Integration Schemes for Non‐Linear Structural Dynamics
Authors: Kwon Sun‐Beom , Prakash Arun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTImplicit‐explicit (IMEX) time integration schemes are well suited for non‐linear structural dynamics because of their low computational cost and high accuracy. However, the stability of IMEX schemes cannot be guaranteed for general non‐linear problems. In this article, we present a scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) stabilization of high‐order IMEX time integration schemes that leads to unconditional stability. The proposed IMEX‐BDFk‐SAV schemes treat linear terms implicitly using kth‐order backward difference formulas (BDFk) and non‐linear terms explicitly. This eliminates the need for iterations in non‐linear problems and leads to low computational costs. Truncation error analysis of the proposed IMEX‐BDFk‐SAV schemes confirms that up to kth‐order accuracy can be achieved and this is verified through a series of convergence tests. Unlike existing SAV schemes for first‐order ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we introduce a novel SAV for the proposed schemes that allows direct solution of the second‐order ODEs without transforming them into a system of first‐order ODEs. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes by solving several non‐linear problems in structural dynamics and show that the proposed schemes can achieve high accuracy at a low computational cost while maintaining unconditional stability.
A Crack‐Length Control Technique for Phase‐Field Fracture in FFT Homogenization
Authors: Aranda Pedro , Segurado Javier 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTModeling the propagation of cracks at the microscopic level is fundamental to understand the effect of the microstructure on the fracture process. Nevertheless, microscopic propagation is often unstable and when using phase‐field fracture poor convergence is found or, in the case of using staggered algorithms, leads to the presence of jumps in the evolution of the cracks. In this work, a novel method is proposed to perform micromechanical simulations with phase‐field fracture imposing monotonic increases of crack length and allowing the use of monolithic implementations, being able to resolve all the snap‐backs during the unstable propagation phases. The method is derived for FFT‐based solvers in order to exploit its very high numerical performance in micromechanical problems, but an equivalent method is also developed for Finite Elements (FE) showing the equivalence of both implementations. It is shown that the stress‐strain curves and the crack paths obtained using the crack control method are superposed in stable propagation regimes to those obtained using strain control with a staggered scheme. J‐integral calculations confirm that during the propagation process in the crack control method, the energy release rate remains constant and equal to an effective fracture energy that has been determined as a function of the concretization for FFT simulations. Finally, to show the potential of the method, the technique is applied to simulate crack propagation through the microstructure of composites and porous materials providing an estimation of the effective fracture toughness.
A Novel ADI‐Weak Galerkin Method for Singularly Perturbed Two‐Parameter 2D Parabolic Pdes
Authors: Raina Aayushman , Natesan Srinivasan , Toprakseven Şuayip 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) type operator splitting weak Galerkin finite element method (WG‐FEM) for solving a parabolic singularly perturbed problem with two‐parameters in 2D over a layer‐adapted mesh. The suggested operator splitting approach divides the original model problem into two subproblems each in 1D, then solving each subproblem using WG‐FEM in spatial direction eventually reduces the computational difficulty and high storage requirements. Backward–Euler time discretization has been taken over a uniform mesh. Stability and convergence results have been proved for the fully‐discrete scheme. Numerical examples are presented corroborating in practice our theoretical findings.
The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and salt sensitivity of blood pressure offer new insights in obesity phenotypes
Authors: Yuan Yan Emily , Haas Andrea V. , Rosner Bernard , Williams Gordon H. , McDonnell Marie E. , Adler Gail K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals who have metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOO) do not have cardiometabolic complications despite an elevated BMI. Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activation and salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) are cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, which are increased in individuals with higher BMI values. Little is known about the differences in RAAS activation and SSBP between MHOO and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOO) phenotypes.MethodsWe studied 1430 adults on controlled dietary sodium. Individuals in the MHOO group had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 without comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, CVD), whereas individuals in the MUOO group had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and at least one comorbidity. The control group included healthy individuals (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2).ResultsBMI was similar between the MHOO (28.9 kg/m2) and MUOO groups (29.3 kg/m2; p = 0.317). On liberal sodium, the MUOO group had activated RAAS compared with the MHOO group, including higher plasma aldosterone concentration (mean [SD], 1.11 [0.48] ng/dL; p = 0.020), plasma angiotensin II levels (4.11 [2.0] pg/mL; p = 0.040), and percentage of individuals with plasma renin activity ≥ 1.0 ng/mL/h (+3.6%; p = 0.017). The MUOO group had higher SSBP than the MHOO group (6.0 [1.9] mm Hg; p = 0.002). Applying a zero‐to‐six‐point metabolic health score found that a worse score was associated with higher measurements of RAAS activity and SSBP (p < 0.001).ConclusionsCompared to the MHOO group, the MUOO group was characterized by an increase in the following two CVD risk factors: higher RAAS activity and SSBP on controlled sodium diets. Therapeutic interventions targeting the effects of angiotensin II and/or aldosterone may offer cardiometabolic protection for individuals with the MUOO phenotype.
Ionic Liquid Aided [11C]CO Fixation for Synthesis of 11C‐carbonyls
Authors: Lindberg Anton , Mokhtarinori Narges , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng , Popovs Ilja , Vasdev Neil 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTributyl(ethyl)phosphonium oxopentenolate ([P4442][Pen]) is an ionic liquid developed to capture CO and has shown ability to catalyze carbonylation reactions in organic chemistry. Carbon‐11 (11C, t1/2=20.4 min) labeled CO is a highly versatile building block for the synthesis of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that are applied for medical imaging. The use of [11C]CO is limited by its low solubility in organic solvents. Herein, we report a proof‐of‐concept study evaluating a new method to prepare 11C‐labeled amides, ureas and carbamates via reaction of [11C]CO in [P4442][Pen] and applied for fully automated radiosyntheses of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, [11C]evobrutinib and [11C]ibrutinib.
The Association of Physical Activity With Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Nepalese Adults: Evidence From a Nationwide Non‐Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey
Authors: Chimoriya Ritesh , Rana Kritika , Adhikari Jonas , Aitken Sarah J. , Poudel Prakash , Baral Aayush , Rawal Lal , Piya Milan K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant public health concern, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study aimed to explore the association between physical activity levels, overweight/obesity, and T2DM in a nationwide survey of Nepalese adults.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the 2019 non‐communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors STEPS survey conducted in Nepal. Demographic and anthropometric data, body mass index (BMI) and T2DM status were collected along with assessment of physical activity using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). A two‐stage data analysis was conducted, first using descriptive statistics to summarize participant characteristics and differences across BMI and T2DM status, and then applying multivariate analyses to assess associations between physical activity levels, BMI and T2DM.ResultsOf the 5284 participants included, 28.0% had overweight/obesity, 5.8% had obesity, and 6.5% had T2DM. The mean age of the participants was 40.1 years (95% CI: 39.8–40.6), and 63.9% were female. The overall physical activity energy expenditure was higher in the lean group (BMI < 25 kg/m2) compared to the those with overweight/obesity, and among participants without T2DM compared to those with T2DM. Sedentary behavior was more common among individuals with overweight/obesity and T2DM. A higher proportion of participants with low physical activity was observed in the overweight/obesity group compared to the lean group (8.9% vs. 6.3%) and the T2DM group compared to the non‐T2DM group (11.7% vs. 6.7%). Low physical activity was associated with overweight/obesity (OR:1.4; 95% CI:1.1–1.8), obesity (OR:2.1; 95% CI:1.5–2.3), T2DM (OR:1.6; 95% CI:1.1–2.3) and T2DM in the presence of obesity (OR:3.6; 95% CI:1.7–7.8).ConclusionThis study highlights the low rates of physical activity and higher rates of sedentary behavior among adults with overweight/obesity and T2DM in Nepal. Public health interventions promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior may help reduce the burden of these NCDs.
Coblation Versus Radiofrequency for Tongue Base Reduction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Hussain Salman , Hayat Jafar , Chowdhury Raisa , Ebrahim Mahmoud , Alterki Abdulmohsen , Bahgat Ahmed , Al‐Sayed Ahmed A. , Padhye Vikram , Capasso Robson 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety profile of coblation tongue base reduction (CBTR) compared to radiofrequency base of tongue (RFBOT) reduction on sleep‐related outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases.Review MethodsLiterature search by 2 independent authors was conducted using the abovementioned databases. Studies on CBTR and RFBOT as part of OSA treatment in adult patients with pre‐ and postoperative apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) were included. Direct meta‐analysis and single‐arm meta‐analysis were conducted to compare sleep‐related outcomes (AHI, apnea index [AI], surgical success rates, Epworth sleepiness score [ESS], SpO2, body mass index [BMI], and visual analog scale [VAS]) between both groups.ResultsA total of 40 studies with a total of 1940 patients were included, of which 1440 individuals who underwent tongue base reduction interventions (RF = 306, RF + UPPP = 656, and coblation + UPPP = 482) met inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis showed significant improvements in AHI (CBTR = −22.84, RFBOT = −11.14), AI (CBTR = 15.64, RFBOT = −5.26), ESS (CBTR = −7.59, RFBOT = −7.18), mean oxygen saturation (CBTR = 7.43, RFBOT = 4.25), mean BMI (CBTR = −0.69, RFBOT = −4.09), and snoring visual analog scale (CBTR = −16.20, RFBOT = −18.21). Surgical success rate (postoperative AHI < 20 and drop >50% from baselines) was 70% for CBTR and 43% for RFBOT.ConclusionBoth interventions decreased sleep‐related outcomes in adult patients with OSA. Coblation appears to exhibit superiority over radiofrequency with a similar safety profile. However, further studies with direct comparisons between both interventions must be performed.
CHIT1 regulates the neuroinflammation and phagocytosis of microglia and suppresses Aβ plaque deposition in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yuan Shiyun , Zhong Fuxin , Wan Tianchi , Qin Zhangjin , Chen Lihua , Xing Dianxia , Zhang Wenbo , Yu Wuhan , Huang Lihong , Song Jiaqi , Yu Weihua , Lü Yang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChitinase 1 (CHIT1), as a chitin‐specific hydrolase, significantly influences the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through microglia‐associated inflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation. However, the precise mechanism of CHIT1 action in AD remains uncertain. The effects of CHIT1 on cerebral blood flow (CBF), hippocampal volume, and cognitive function were investigated in APP/PS1 mice. Protein alterations resulting from CHIT1 overexpression were analyzed using four‐dimensional (4D) label‐free quantitative (LFQ) protein spectrometry. Additionally, the influence of CHIT1 on microglial electrophysiology was assessed using patch clamp measurements, and its effects on neuroinflammation, phagocytosis, microglia migration, and neuronal apoptosis under AD‐like conditions were examined using the cell lines N9, BV‐2, and HT‐22. CHIT1 ameliorated hippocampal atrophy, hypoperfusion, and cognitive function deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse. CHIT1 regulates microglial function and neuronal protection through its interactions in AD. Increased levels of CHIT1/IDH1 contributed to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype in microglia via the Ca2+‐activated K+ channel, enhanced microglial phagocytosis, and promoted Aβ clearance. Conversely, knocking down IDH1 reduced the secretion of anti‐inflammatory agents and increased the production of inflammatory factors, as well as diminishing the expression of phagocytic factors and inhibiting Aβ endocytosis. Moreover, CHIT1 reduced neuronal apoptosis by diminishing the expression of apoptotic factors. However, IDH1 knockdown abrogated the protective effect of CHIT1 on neurons. CHIT1 exerts a protective role in AD pathogenesis through its interaction with IDH1. The CHIT1/IDH1 pathway promotes Aβ clearance via a shift in microglia toward an anti‐inflammatory state and prevents neuronal apoptosis and dysfunction caused by Aβ toxicity. © 2025 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The Influence of Postmenstrual Age and Neurological Impairments on the Modified Pain Assessment Tool Score in Infants Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care: A Retrospective Medical Record Review
Authors: Murray Jamie , Lam Jeremy , Jyoti Jeewan , Spence Kaye , Popat Himanshu , Ilhan Emre 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRepetitive and prolonged experience of pain by infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) may adversely affect growth and alter pain responses. The degree of infant prematurity and/or presence of neurological impairment (NI) may impact an infant's ability to behaviorally respond to pain. This study aimed to determine whether the scores on the mPAT, a widely used pain assessment tool, is impacted by postmenstrual age (PMA) at assessment, irrespective of neurological impairment. Data from medical records were collected on infants admitted to the NICU who underwent a pain assessment with the modified Pain Assessment Tool (mPAT) between March 2019 and September 2021. Total mPAT, behavioral, and physiological pain scores were independently analyzed using logistic regression to detect differences based on PMA categories (< 33 weeks, 33–36 weeks, ≥ 37 weeks) and presence of NI. Significant differences were indicated when p < 0.05. Of 204 infants sampled, 62% were male, and 71% were born at term‐age (i.e., ≥ 37 wks). Thirty‐six (18%) infants had a queried or confirmed NI and 28 (14%) infants were postsurgical. Logistic regression analysis showed that neither PMA nor presence of NI predicted pain for total mPAT scores (χ2 (3) = 3.9, p > 0.05) or physiological scores (χ2 (3) = 2.7, p > 0.05). Higher behavioral scores were 3.7 times (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10–0.77, p = 0.01) more likely in extremely‐to‐very preterm (< 33 weeks) infants when compared to term (≥ 37 weeks) infants. The mPAT may be suitable for clinicians to utilize when assessing infants in NICUs regardless of PMA or NI status. The higher behavioral responses in younger infants require further investigation in a future prospective study.
Unmanned aerial vehicle phenotyping of agronomic and physiological traits in mungbean
Authors: Van Haeften Shanice , Smith Daniel , Robinson Hannah , Dudley Caitlin , Kang Yichen , Douglas Colin A. , Hickey Lee T. , Potgieter Andries , Chapman Scott , Smith Millicent R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMungbean is an important sub‐tropical legume crop grown across Asia, Africa, and Australia. Yield improvement is crucial for expanding production, but phenotyping important traits across diverse environments using current approaches is challenging, limiting the scale and complexity of information captured. High‐throughput phenotyping platforms offer a solution by rapidly screening traits at scale. This study deploys an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform to determine the potential of phenotyping a range of agronomic and physiological traits within a diverse mungbean population evaluated across three field trials. Three predictive data‐driven modeling approaches were undertaken to evaluate performance accuracy in predicting these traits: linear regression, stepwise regression, and partial least squares regression. Results show that using the geometric trait “coverage” as a proxy is most suitable for screening visual traits like early vigor. For functional traits (i.e., aboveground biomass), predictive data‐driven models demonstrate high accuracy during early‐ and mid‐canopy development stages (R2 0.79, root mean square error [RMSE] 4.08 and R2 0.8, RMSE 26.92, respectively), but accuracy declines in late‐canopy development (R2 0.33 and RMSE 43.15). Prediction accuracy can be optimized by using different modeling approaches at different stages during the transition from early‐ to mid‐canopy development as well as canopy closure. Similar findings were observed when examining the prediction models for the physiological trait, stomatal conductance (R2 0.69 and RMSE 0.10). These approaches are expected to enable breeders and researchers to incorporate UAV‐based phenotyping systems into mungbean improvement programs. Such approaches might be most efficiently used at scale if applied as part of a “real‐time” calibration approach.
High‐Resolution Morphometric Analysis of Patterned Grounds in the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, Northern Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Mamoru , Kamiya Hiro , Iwahana Go 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the morphology, geomorphic settings, and micrometeorological controls of sorted polygons, stripes, lobate patterns, and turf‐banked terraces in two summit areas of Daisetsu Mountain, Japan, using orthophoto images and digital surface models generated from unmanned aerial vehicle observations and structure‐from‐motion techniques and in situ records of air temperature, wind speed/direction and ground temperatures. The sorted polygons on flat terrain are equiform and large (3.5 m in mean length), but on gentle slopes, they are elliptical and small (2.9 m). Sorted stripes and lobate patterns occur on slope steeper than 3.5°–4.5°. The form transition of sorted patterned grounds is considered due to activities of frost heave and thaw settlement, gelifluction, and frost creep, as well as the spatial pattern of soil wetness. In the windward slopes steeper than 3.5°–4.5°, the ground materials move downslope, forming lobate patterns and sorted stripes. On the flat surfaces and leeward slopes, snow accumulation prevents soils from cooling in winter, provides snowmelts to the soils, and thus thickens the seasonal thawing during summer, allowing sorting at greater depths and enlarging the diameters of the frost patterned forms. Snow redistribution and snowmelt infiltration produce locally moist soils, creating favorable environments for plant growth on leeward, that is, eastward sides of microtopography. Soil movements along slopes are dammed on the slope covered with dense vegetation cover where risers of turf‐banked terrace are formed. This is the explanation why the turf‐banked terraces are typically facing slightly eastward from principal slope direction.
Catalyst‐Anchored 3D Framework Electrodes: A Breakthrough in Large‐Scale Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chauhan Samruddhi V. , Joshi Kinjal K. , Pataniya Pratik M. , Sumesh C. K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe idea of grid‐scale hydrogen production by water electrolysis has been made possible by developing catalyst‐anchored three‐dimensional (3D) foam‐based electrodes. Catalytic performance in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is improved by incorporating catalyst in 3D interlinked porous architecture, which enhances electrical conductivity and speeds up the discharge of gas bubbles. The detailed study on the role‐play of 3D frameworks in energy generation is explained in this article. The review also focuses on the recent development in utilizing these 3D substrates in the field of electrochemistry. Furthermore, it is imperative to enhance their compatibility with renewable energy systems and high‐temperature electrolysis for the sustainable production of hydrogen. Therefore, this review briefly explores the innovative design of self‐supported 3D framework electrodes using heterostructures and doping techniques to develop stable, durable, and efficient electrocatalysts. These catalysts aim to provide near‐zero overpotential, high selectivity, and long‐term stability for hydrogen production through water electrolysis, paving the way for commercial‐scale green energy production. 3D foam‐based electrodes can emerge as a key technology in the field of electrochemistry.
LDG‐CSLAM: Multi‐Robot Collaborative SLAM Based on Curve Analysis, Normal Distribution, and Factor Graph Optimization
Authors: He Keyan , Jia Rujie , Hong Huajie , Wang Nan , Hu Yifan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn complex, enclosed environments where global positioning system (GPS) failures are common, multi‐robot collaborative simultaneous localization and mapping (CSLAM) faces several key challenges, including redundant communication data, low fusion efficiency, and poor system robustness. These issues arise primarily due to inefficiencies in extracting and sharing descriptors of complex 3D environments, weak robustness in relative pose estimation from multiple information sources, and insufficient suppression of highly coupled dynamic estimation errors. The combined effect of these factors often leads to system failure, making it difficult to achieve stable and accurate global localization and mapping. To address these challenges, this paper proposes LDG‐CSLAM, a novel multi‐robot CSLAM method that integrates curve analysis, normal distribution, and factor graph optimization. LDG‐CSLAM improves the efficiency of extracting and sharing global environment descriptors through key frame extraction based on point cloud curvature analysis. It further enhances performance with a distributed global mapping technique based on the normal distribution transform (NDT). Additionally, the method incorporates real‐time optimization of both self and relative odometer using factor graph methods, effectively mitigating dynamic errors. This integrated design significantly reduces computational and communication overhead while improving system stability and accuracy. Experimental results, focused on operational stability, communication efficiency, and trajectory accuracy, demonstrate that LDG‐CSLAM outperforms existing methods like DisCo‐SLAM and DCL‐SLAM, providing superior performance in multi‐robot SLAM for GPS‐denied environments.