bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesospheric Water Vapor in 2022
Authors: Nedoluha Gerald E. , Gomez R. Michael , Boyd Ian , Neal Helen , Allen Douglas R. , Lambert Alyn , Livesey Nathaniel J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe eruption of the Hunga Tonga undersea volcano in January 2022 injected water vapor to altitudes as high as 53 km, but also an unprecedented and much larger amount of water vapor into the stratosphere. Several months after the eruption, measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and from three ground‐based Water Vapor Millimeter Wave Spectrometer instruments began to measure record‐high amounts of water vapor in the mesosphere over a wide range of latitudes. While there are indications that some of this mesospheric increase in water vapor was probably caused by the Hunga Tonga eruption, variations in water vapor mixing ratios also depend on dynamical factors. The phase of the QBO in 2015 was similar to that in 2022, and we make use of this similarity in order to better understand what role dynamics played in establishing the unusually large 2022 water vapor mixing ratios, both in the upper and lower mesosphere.
Ethnicity/race, parent educational attainment, and obesity associated with prediabetes in children
Authors: Ghaddar Reem , Hudson Erin A. , Jeans Matthew R. , Vandyousefi Sarvenaz , Landry Matthew J. , Davis Jaimie N. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background/objectives
Obesity and other predictors of type 2 diabetes disproportionally affect Hispanic and Black children in the US compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) children. Yet, the prevalence of prediabetes in children remains unestablished, and guidelines for screening young children are lacking. This study examined the relationships between demographic factors and prediabetes in vulnerable youth in central Texas.

Subjects/methods
This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 976 3rd–5th graders (7–12 years) who participated in TX Sprouts, a school-based gardening, nutrition, and cooking trial in 16 elementary schools serving mainly children from minority backgrounds and lower-income households. Measures collected included age, sex, ethnicity, free/reduced-priced school lunch (FRL) status, parent educational attainment (questionnaires), BMI from height (stadiometer) and weight (TANITA scale), and prediabetes status from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c. Regressions examined cross-sectional associations between demographics and FPG, HbA1c, and prediabetes.

Results
Children were 47% male, 67% Hispanic, and 10% Black, with a mean age of 9.3 years; 71% received FRL, 50% had overweight/obesity, and 26% had prediabetes. Prediabetes rates were 2.8 and 4.8 times higher in Hispanic and Black children compared to NHW children, respectively (p ≤ 0.001), and 1.5 times higher in children with obesity versus normal BMI (p = 0.02). Children of parents with only an 8th-grade education, some high school education, or a high school degree had 3.1, 2.7, and 2.2 times higher odds of having prediabetes compared to children of college graduates, respectively (p ≤ 0.004). Analyses with FPG and HbA1c yielded similar results.

Conclusion
These findings suggest a potential need for earlier screening, more comprehensive testing guidelines, and prevention programs tailored toward minority children, children with obesity, and children of parents with low educational attainment. Future research should explore this finding in a larger, nationally representative sample.
PD-L1 positive astrocytes attenuate inflammatory functions of PD-1 positive microglia in models of autoimmune neuroinflammation
Authors: Linnerbauer Mathias , Beyer Tobias , Nirschl Lucy , Farrenkopf Daniel , Lößlein Lena , Vandrey Oliver , Peter Anne , Tsaktanis Thanos , Kebir Hania , Laplaud David , Oellinger Rupert , Engleitner Thomas , Alvarez Jorge Ivan , Rad Roland , Korn Thomas , Hemmer Bernhard , Quintana Francisco J. , Rothhammer Veit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Current therapies mainly target inflammatory processes during acute stages, but effective treatments for progressive MS are limited. In this context, astrocytes have gained increasing attention as they have the capacity to drive, but also suppress tissue-degeneration. Here we show that astrocytes upregulate the immunomodulatory checkpoint molecule PD-L1 during acute autoimmune CNS inflammation in response to aryl hydrocarbon receptor and interferon signaling. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genetic perturbation in combination with small-molecule and antibody-mediated inhibition of PD-L1 and PD-1 both in vivo and in vitro, we demonstrate that astrocytic PD-L1 and its interaction with microglial PD-1 is required for the attenuation of autoimmune CNS inflammation in acute and progressive stages in a mouse model of MS. Our findings suggest the glial PD-L1/PD-1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for both acute and progressive MS stages.
Stereospecific synthesis of silicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes and general synthesis of chiral silyl Anions
Authors: Wang Xihong , Feng Chi , Jiang Julong , Maeda Satoshi , Kubota Koji , Ito Hajime 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSilicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes could potentially allow the formation of chiral silyl nucleophiles as well as the synthesis of various chiral silicon compounds. However, the synthesis of such silicon-stereogenic silylboranes has not been achieved so far. Here, we report the synthesis of silicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes via a stereospecific Pt(PPh3)4-catalyzed Si–H borylation of chiral hydrosilanes, which are synthesized by stoichiometric and catalytic asymmetric synthesis, in high yield and very high or perfect enantiospecificity (99% es in one case, and >99% es in the others) with retention of the configuration. Furthermore, we report a practical approach to generate silicon-stereogenic silyl nucleophiles with high enantiopurity and configurational stability using MeLi activation. This protocol is suitable for the stereospecific and general synthesis of silicon-stereogenic trialkyl-, dialkylbenzyl-, dialkylaryl-, diarylalkyl-, and alkylary benzyloxy-substituted silylboranes and their corresponding silyl nucleophiles with excellent enantiospecificity (>99% es except one case of 99% es). Transition-metal-catalyzed C–Si bond-forming cross-coupling reactions and conjugate-addition reactions are also demonstrated. The mechanisms underlying the stability and reactivity of such chiral silyl anion were investigated by combining NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
Exploiting the aggregation propensity of beta-lactamases to design inhibitors that induce enzyme misfolding
Authors: Khodaparast Ladan , Khodaparast Laleh , Wu Guiqin , Michiels Emiel , Gallardo Rodrigo , Houben Bert , Garcia Teresa , De Vleeschouwer Matthias , Ramakers Meine , Wilkinson Hannah , Duran-Romaña Ramon , Van Eldere Johan , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is an arms race between beta-lactam antibiotics development and co-evolving beta-lactamases, which provide resistance by breaking down beta-lactam rings. We have observed that certain beta-lactamases tend to aggregate, which persists throughout their evolution under the selective pressure of antibiotics on their active sites. Interestingly, we find that existing beta-lactamase active site inhibitors can act as molecular chaperones, promoting the proper folding of these resistance factors. Therefore, we have created Pept-Ins, synthetic peptides designed to exploit the structural weaknesses of beta-lactamases by causing them to misfold into intracellular inclusion bodies. This approach restores sensitivity to a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics in resistant clinical isolates, including those with Extended Spectrum variants that pose significant challenges in medical practice. Our findings suggest that targeted aggregation of resistance factors could offer a strategy for identifying molecules that aid in addressing the global antibiotic resistance crisis.
ADuLT: An efficient and robust time-to-event GWAS
Authors: Pedersen Emil M. , Agerbo Esben , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Steinbach Jette , Krebs Morten D. , Hougaard David M. , Werge Thomas , Nordentoft Merete , Børglum Anders D. , Musliner Katherine L. , Ganna Andrea , Schork Andrew J. , Mortensen Preben B. , McGrath John J. , Privé Florian , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProportional hazards models have been proposed to analyse time-to-event phenotypes in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, little is known about the ability of proportional hazards models to identify genetic associations under different generative models and when ascertainment is present. Here we propose the age-dependent liability threshold (ADuLT) model as an alternative to a Cox regression based GWAS, here represented by SPACox. We compare ADuLT, SPACox, and standard case-control GWAS in simulations under two generative models and with varying degrees of ascertainment as well as in the iPSYCH cohort. We find Cox regression GWAS to be underpowered when cases are strongly ascertained (cases are oversampled by a factor 5), regardless of the generative model used. ADuLT is robust to ascertainment in all simulated scenarios. Then, we analyse four psychiatric disorders in iPSYCH, ADHD, Autism, Depression, and Schizophrenia, with a strong case-ascertainment. Across these psychiatric disorders, ADuLT identifies 20 independent genome-wide significant associations, case-control GWAS finds 17, and SPACox finds 8, which is consistent with simulation results. As more genetic data are being linked to electronic health records, robust GWAS methods that can make use of age-of-onset information will help increase power in analyses for common health outcomes.
Synergistic correlated states and nontrivial topology in coupled graphene-insulator heterostructures
Authors: Lu Xin , Zhang Shihao , Wang Yaning , Gao Xiang , Yang Kaining , Guo Zhongqing , Gao Yuchen , Ye Yu , Han Zheng , Liu Jianpeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGraphene has aroused great attention due to the intriguing properties associated with its low-energy Dirac Hamiltonian. When graphene is coupled with a correlated insulating substrate, electronic states that cannot be revealed in either individual layer may emerge in a synergistic manner. Here, we theoretically study the correlated and topological states in Coulomb-coupled and gate-tunable graphene-insulator heterostructures. By electrostatically aligning the electronic bands, charge carriers transferred between graphene and the insulator can yield a long-wavelength electronic crystal at the interface, exerting a superlattice Coulomb potential on graphene and generating topologically nontrivial subbands. This coupling can further boost electron-electron interaction effects in graphene, leading to a spontaneous bandgap formation at the Dirac point and interaction-enhanced Fermi velocity. Reciprocally, the electronic crystal at the interface is substantially stabilized with the help of cooperative interlayer Coulomb coupling. We propose a number of substrate candidates for graphene to experimentally demonstrate these effects.
Chemical-induced phase transition and global conformational reorganization of chromatin
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Shi Shuxiang , Shi Yuanyuan , Jiang Peipei , Hu Ganlu , Ye Qinying , Shi Zhan , Yu Kexin , Wang Chenguang , Fan Guoping , Zhao Suwen , Ma Hanhui , Chang Alex C. Y. , Li Zhi , Bian Qian , Lin Chao-Po 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChemicals or drugs can accumulate within biomolecular condensates formed through phase separation in cells. Here, we use super-resolution imaging to search for chemicals that induce phase transition within chromatin at the microscale. This microscopic screening approach reveals that adriamycin (doxorubicin) — a widely used anticancer drug that is known to interact with chromatin — specifically induces visible local condensation and global conformational change of chromatin in cancer and primary cells. Hi-C and ATAC-seq experiments systematically and quantitatively demonstrate that adriamycin-induced chromatin condensation is accompanied by weakened chromatin interaction within topologically associated domains, compartment A/B switching, lower chromatin accessibility, and corresponding transcriptomic changes. Mechanistically, adriamycin complexes with histone H1 and induces phase transition of H1, forming fibrous aggregates in vitro. These results reveal a phase separation-driven mechanism for a chemotherapeutic drug.
Scaling the tail beat frequency and swimming speed in underwater undulatory swimming
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Jesús , Raufaste Christophe , Argentina Médéric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUndulatory swimming is the predominant form of locomotion in aquatic vertebrates. A myriad of animals of different species and sizes oscillate their bodies to propel themselves in aquatic environments with swimming speed scaling as the product of the animal length by the oscillation frequency. Although frequency tuning is the primary means by which a swimmer selects its speed, there is no consensus on the mechanisms involved. In this article, we propose scaling laws for undulatory swimmers that relate oscillation frequency to length by taking into account both the biological characteristics of the muscles and the interaction of the moving swimmer with its environment. Results are supported by an extensive literature review including approximately 1200 individuals of different species, sizes and swimming environments. We highlight a crossover in size around 0.5–1 m. Below this value, the frequency can be tuned between 2–20 Hz due to biological constraints and the interplay between slow and fast muscles. Above this value, the fluid-swimmer interaction must be taken into account and the frequency is inversely proportional to the length of the animal. This approach predicts a maximum swimming speed around 5–10 m.s−1 for large swimmers, consistent with the threshold to prevent bubble cavitation.
Metabolomics and transcriptomics based multi-omics integration reveals radiation-induced altered pathway networking and underlying mechanism
Authors: Maan Kiran , Baghel Ruchi , Dhariwal Seema , Sharma Apoorva , Bakhshi Radhika , Rana Poonam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent advancement in integrated multi-omics has significantly contributed to many areas of the biomedical field. Radiation research has also grasped uprising omics technologies in biomarker identification to aid in triage management. Herein, we have used a combinatorial multi-omics approach based on transcriptomics together with metabolomics and lipidomics of blood from murine exposed to 1 Gy (LD) and 7.5 Gy (HD) of total-body irradiation (TBI) for a comprehensive understanding of biological processes through integrated pathways and networking. Both omics displayed demarcation of HD group from controls using multivariate analysis. Dysregulated amino acids, various PC, PE and carnitine were observed along with many dysregulated genes (Nos2, Hmgcs2, Oxct2a, etc.). Joint-Pathway Analysis and STITCH interaction showed radiation exposure resulted in changes in amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, nucleotide, and fatty acid metabolism. Elicited immune response was also observed by Gene Ontology. BioPAN has predicted Elovl5, Elovl6 and Fads2 for fatty acid pathways, only in HD group. Collectively, the combined omics approach facilitated a better understanding of processes uncovering metabolic pathways. Presumably, this is the first in radiation metabolomics that utilized an integrated omics approach following TBI in mice. Our work showed that omics integration could be a valuable tool for better comprehending the mechanism as well as molecular interactions.
Chromosome level genome assembly of colored calla lily (Zantedeschia elliottiana)
Authors: Wang Yi , Yang Tuo , Wang Di , Gou Rongxin , Jiang Yin , Zhang Guojun , Zheng Yuhong , Gao Dan , Chen Liyang , Zhang Xiuhai , Wei Zunzheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe colored calla lily is an ornamental floral plant native to southern Africa, belonging to the Zantedeschia genus of the Araceae family. We generated a high-quality chromosome-level genome of the colored calla lily, with a size of 1,154 Mb and a contig N50 of 42 Mb. We anchored 98.5% of the contigs (1,137 Mb) into 16 pseudo-chromosomes, and identified 60.18% of the sequences (694 Mb) as repetitive sequences. Functional annotations were assigned to 95.1% of the predicted protein-coding genes (36,165). Additionally, we annotated 469 miRNAs, 1,652 tRNAs, 10,033 rRNAs, and 1,677 snRNAs. Furthermore, Gypsy-type LTR retrotransposons insertions in the genome are the primary factor causing significant genome size variation in Araceae species. This high-quality genome assembly provides valuable resources for understanding genome size differences within the Araceae family and advancing genomic research on colored calla lily.
Genetic evidence for plastic reproductive philopatry and matrotrophy in blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) of the Moorea Island (French Polynesia)
Authors: Eustache Kim B. , Boissin Émilie , Tardy Céline , Bouyoucos Ian A. , Rummer Jodie L. , Planes Serge 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe exploitation of sharks and the degradation of their habitats elevate the urgency to understand the factors that influence offspring survival and ultimately shark reproductive success. We monitored and sampled blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) in nursery habitats of Moorea Island (French Polynesia), to improve knowledge on shark reproductive behavior and biology. We sampled fin clips and morphometrics from 230 young-of-the-year sharks and used microsatellite DNA markers to process parentage analysis to study the reproductive philopatric behavior in female sharks and the matrotrophy within litters. These traits are driving the success of the local replenishment influencing selection through birth site and maternal reserves transmitted to pups. Parentage analysis revealed that some female sharks changed their parturition areas (inter-seasonally) while other female sharks came back to the same site for parturition, providing evidence for a plastic philopatric behavior. Morphometrics showed that there was no significant relationship between body condition indices and nursery locations. However, similarities and differences in body condition were observed between individuals sharing the same mother, indicating that resource allocation within some shark litters might be unbalanced. Our findings further our understanding of the reproductive biology and behavior that shape shark populations with the aim to introduce these parameters into future conservation strategies.
A pre-protective objective in mining females social contents for identification of early signs of depression using soft computing deep framework
Authors: Karamti Hanen , Mahmoud Abeer M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrently, a noteworthy volume of information is available and shared every day through participation and communication of individuals on social media. These enormous contents with the right exploit and research leads to valuable discoveries. In this study, a deep framework of learning accurate detection of women’s depression is proposed. It is beneficially guided by social media content of individual posts and tweets and an essential support from psycho-linguistic for providing the indicator depression signs vocabulary that creates the embedding words necessary for building the applied approach. The presented model is validated using dual datasets extracted from Twitter: the first dataset is general data formed by 700 women from different countries; the second contains only 80 women from KSA. A third benchmark dataset CLPsych 2015 is used for comparative analysis purposes. The model proved its performance on the three datasets and the obtained and reported in this paper results shows its effectiveness.
A nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis in early gastric signet ring cell carcinoma
Authors: You Hongwei , Chen Shengsen , Wang Shi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAt present, the risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) remain unclear. However, it is worth noting that the LNM rate and prognosis of early gastric SRCC are superior to those of other undifferentiated cancers. With advancements in endoscopic technology, the 5-year survival rate following endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer is comparable to traditional surgery while offering a better quality of life. The objective of this study was to develop a nomogram that can predict lymph node status in early gastric SRCC before surgery, aiding clinicians in selecting the optimal treatment strategy. A research cohort was established by retrospectively collecting data from 183 patients with early gastric SRCC who underwent radical gastrectomy with lymph node dissection at our hospital between January 2014 and June 2022. The predictors of early gastric signet ring cell carcinoma lymph node metastasis were identified in the study cohort using the least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (Lasso) and multivariate regression analysis, and a nomogram was developed. The discrimination, accuracy, and clinical practicability of the nomogram were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curve analysis, and decision curve analysis. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was 21.9% (40/183) overall. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor size and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Lasso regression analysis demonstrated that tumor size, invasion depth, LVI, E-cadherin expression, dMMR, CA242, NLR, and macroscopic type were associated with lymph node metastasis. The integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) (P = 0.034) and net reclassification index (NRI) (P = 0.023) were significantly improved when dMMR was added to model 1. In addition, the area under curve (AUC) (P = 0.010), IDI (P = 0.001) and NRI (P < 0.001) of the model were significantly improved when type_1 was included. Therefore, we finally included tumor size, invasion depth, dMMR, and macroscopic type to establish a nomogram, which had good discrimination (AUC = 0.757, 95% CI 0.687–0.828) and calibration. Decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram had good clinical performance. We have developed a risk prediction model for early gastric signet ring cell carcinoma that accurately predicts lymph node involvement, providing clinicians with a valuable tool to aid in patient counseling and treatment decision-making.