bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear schemes with several degrees of freedom for the transport equation and the long-time simulation accuracy
Authors: Bakhvalov Pavel , Surnachev Mikhail 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider linear schemes with several degrees of freedom for the transport equation on uniform meshes. For these schemes, the solution error is $O(h^p + th^q)$, where $p$ is equal to or greater by one than the order of the truncation error and $q \geqslant p$. We prove the existence of a mapping of smooth functions on the mesh space providing the $q$th order of the truncation error and deviating from the standard mapping ($L_2$-projection for example) by $O(h^p)$. In a one-dimensional case, this mapping can be found in the class of local mappings. In more dimensions, the existence of a local mapping with such properties is guaranteed only under additional assumptions.
Geometry of Lines on a Cubic Four-Fold
Authors: Gounelas Frank , Kouvidakis Alexis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For a general cubic four-fold $X\subset {\mathbb {P}}^5$ with Fano scheme of lines $F$, we prove a number of properties of the universal family of lines $I\to F$ and various subloci. We first describe the moduli and ramification theory of the genus four fibration $p:I\to X$ and explore its relation to a birational model of $F$ in $I$. The main part of the paper is devoted to describing the locus $V\subset F$ of triple lines, i.e., the fixed locus of the Voisin map $\phi :F\dashrightarrow F$, in particular proving it is an irreducible projective singular surface of class $21\textrm {c}_2({\mathcal {U}}_F)$ and detailing its intersection with the locus $S$ of second type lines. A consequence of the analysis of the singularities of $V$ is a geometric proof of the fact that if $X$ is very general, then the number of singular (necessarily 1-nodal) rational curves in $F$ of primitive class is 3780.
Mixed Eulerian Numbers and Peterson Schubert Calculus
Authors: Horiguchi Tatsuya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Let $\Phi $ be a root system. Postnikov introduced and studied the mixed $\Phi $-Eulerian numbers. These numbers indicate the mixed volumes of $\Phi $-hypersimplices. As specializations of these numbers, one can obtain the usual Eulerian numbers, the Catalan numbers, and the binomial coefficients. Recent work of Berget–Spink–Tseng gave a simple computation for the mixed $\Phi $-Eulerian numbers when $\Phi $ is of type $A$. In this paper, we connect a relation between mixed $\Phi $-Eulerian numbers and Peterson Schubert calculus. By using the connection, we provide a combinatorial model for the computation of Berget–Spink–Tseng in terms of left–right diagrams that were introduced by Abe–Horiguchi–Kuwata–Zeng for the purpose of Peterson Schubert calculus. We also derive a simple computation for the mixed $\Phi $-Eulerian numbers in arbitrary Lie types from Peterson Schubert calculus.
ELF-EM fields in the multi-layer spherical ‘Earth-ionosphere’ model based on WKB
Authors: Gao Ya , Di Qing-Yun , Fu Chang-Min , Zhang Yi-Lang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With a high signal-to-noise ratio and a great depth of exploration, the wireless electromagnetic method (WEM) has wide applications in the exploration of deep mineral resources and oil and gas reservoirs. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic (ELF) waves emitted from a horizontal antenna are used to achieve synchronous acquisition for different receivers of multi-coverage information in a global region. However, previous research based on a planar model ignored the curvature of the Earth. This work focuses on the electromagnetic fields (EM fields) in the model of a spherical ‘Earth ionosphere’ to extend the coverage of WEM. By transferring the EM fields from a vertical electric dipole (VED) as well as a vertical magnetic dipole (VMD) in the multi-layered medium of the Earth, we obtain the formulae for the EM fields emitted by a horizontal electric dipole (HED) by using a reciprocity theorem. The correctness of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with the approximate analytical formula and previous work. Based on the above results, we have studied the propagation and frequency characteristics of electromagnetic fields in a spherical waveguide consisting of the ionosphere and earth. The results show that the electromagnetic fields under the spherical model produce interference effects that are different from those of the planar model. The electromagnetic response of the layered Earth was then discussed, and its potential as an electromagnetic technique for exploring the deep Earth was demonstrated.
Robust clustering of the local Milky Way stellar kinematic substructures with Gaia eDR3
Authors: Ou Xiaowei , Necib Lina , Frebel Anna 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Understanding local stellar kinematic substructures in the solar neighbourhood helps build a complete picture of the formation of the Milky Way, as well as an empirical phase space distribution of dark matter that would inform detection experiments. We apply the clustering algorithm hdbscan on the Gaia early third data release to identify a list of stable clusters in velocity space and action-angle space by taking into account the measurement uncertainties and studying the stability of the clustering results. We find 1405 (497) stars in 23 (6) robust clusters in velocity space (action-angle space) that are consistently not associated with noise. We discuss the kinematic properties of these structures and study whether many of the small clusters belong to a similar larger cluster based on their chemical abundances. They are attributed to the known structures: the Gaia Sausage-Enceladus, the Helmi Stream, and globular cluster NGC 3201 are found in both spaces, while NGC 104 and the thick disc (Sequoia) are identified in velocity space (action-angle space). Although we do not identify any new structures, we find that the hdbscan member selection of already known structures is unstable to input kinematics of the stars when resampled within their uncertainties. We therefore present the stable subset of local kinematic structures, which are consistently identified by the clustering algorithm, and emphasize the need to take into account error propagation during both the manual and automated identification of stellar structures, both for existing ones as well as future discoveries.
Cosmic ray ionization rate versus dust fraction: Which plays a crucial role in the early evolution of the circumstellar disc?
Authors: Kobayashi Yudai , Takaishi Daisuke , Tsukamoto Yusuke 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe study the formation and early evolution of young stellar objects (YSOs) using three-dimensional non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to investigate the effect of cosmic ray ionization rate and dust fraction (or amount of dust grains) on circumstellar disc formation. Our simulations show that a higher cosmic ray ionization rate and a lower dust fraction lead to (i) a smaller magnetic resistivity of ambipolar diffusion, (ii) a smaller disc size and mass, and (iii) an earlier timing of outflow formation and a greater angular momentum of the outflow. In particular, at a high cosmic ray ionization rate, the discs formed early in the simulation are dispersed by magnetic braking on a time-scale of about 104 yr. Our results suggest that the cosmic ray ionization rate has particularly a large impact on the formation and evolution of discs, while the impact of the dust fraction is not significant.
Dual Ownership and Risk-Taking Incentives in Managerial Compensation
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Li , Zhu Qifei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article studies how the three-way interaction among shareholders, creditors, and managers shapes firms’ executive compensation. Firms with a higher ownership share by “dual holders”—institutional investors that simultaneously hold equity and bond of the company—adopt a less risk-inducing compensation structure: less stock options and more inside debt. Exploiting financial institution mergers that increase or decrease dual ownership for portfolio companies, we identify a causal link between dual ownership and CEO compensation policies. Mutual fund proxy voting data suggest that shareholder voting is an important channel for dual holders to implement less convex contracts.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of sexual healthcare and its influencing factors among oncology nurses: a multicenter study
Authors: Xie Jianfei , Zhou Yi , Luo Xiaofei , Cheng Qinqin , Luo Yating , Kang Yue , Wan Ziyu , Xiao Panpan , Zhou Xing , Liu Xiangyu , Duan Yinglong , Cheng Andy SK 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe provision of sexual healthcare plays an integral role in the field of oncology nursing. However, limitations in the knowledge, attitude, and practice perspectives of oncology nurses require detailed study.AimIn this study the authors sought to describe the knowledge, attitude, and practice of oncology nurses regarding sexual healthcare from a nationwide perspective and to explore the factors that influence them.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study using stratified random sampling of certified oncology nurses from 55 hospitals in 6 provinces in Central South China. In total, 2530 nurses participated and completed the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questionnaire of Sexual Health Care (KAP of SHC), the Nurses Clinic Communication Competency Scale, the Nurses Professional Values Scale, and the General Self-efficacy Scale. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore influencing factors.OutcomesThe primary variable was the knowledge, attitude, and practice of sexual healthcare provision. Secondary variables included professional value, clinical communication competency, self-efficacy, and demographic factors.ResultsThe median KAP of SHC score was 139 (possible range 72 to 288). Attitude of SHC scored highest, followed by knowledge and practice scores. Professional values were positively associated with knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 0.057; 95% CI: 0.023–0.091; P &lt; .01) and attitude (OR = 0.319; 95% CI: 0.268–0.370, P &lt; .01) of SHC. Clinical communication competency was only positively related to the attitude of SHC (OR = 3.960; 95% CI: 2.701–5.218, P &lt; .01). Self-efficacy was positively related to KAP and the knowledge (OR = 0.616; 95% CI: 0.506–0.725, P &lt; .01), attitude (OR = 0.187; 95% CI: 0.052–0.322, P &lt; .01), and practice (OR = 0.840; 95% CI: 0.735-0.944, P &lt; .01) of SHC.Clinical ImplicationsKnowledge assistance, attitude training, and practice coaching resources must be on the agenda to optimize professional practice for oncology nurses.Strengths and LimitationsThis study provides data based on the Knowledge, Attitude, Belief and Practice (KABP) model in a nationwide sample of oncology nurses. In addition, the relationship between self-efficacy and KAP of SHC has been explored for the first time. The limitations are that this study may have some bias and did not take into account mediating relationships.ConclusionsOncology nurses exhibit moderate levels of KAP of SHC. It is noteworthy that self-efficacy and position are the only 2 factors that influenced all aspects of KAP of SHC.
Differential phosphoproteome analysis of rat brain regions after organophosphorus compound sarin intoxication
Authors: Chaubey Kalyani , Alam Syed Imteyaz , Waghmare Chandra Kant , Bhattacharya Bijoy K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Sarin is a highly toxic organophosphorus nerve agent that irreversibly inhibits neuronal enzyme acetylcholinesterase. In the prevailing scenario, it is of paramount importance to develop early diagnosis and medical countermeasures for sarin exposure. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of sarin intoxication and perturbations in the associated cellular processes is likely to provide valuable clues for the elucidation of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for sarin exposure.

Methods
Present study, uncovered the changes in phosphorylation patterns of multiple proteins in different rat brain regions after sarin intoxication using 2-DE/MS approach. It provided a holistic view of the phosphorylation-mediated changes in the cellular proteome and highlighted various signaling and response pathways affected at an early time point of sarin intoxication.

Results
We found total 22 proteins in the cortex, 25 proteins in the corpus striatum, and 17 proteins in the hippocampus, showed ≥1.5 fold changes (hyper- or hypo- phosphorylated) with respect to control, either at 2.5 h or 1 d after sarin exposure. These results indicated the differential expression of phosphoproteins involved in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, carbon metabolism, metabolic function, and energy metabolism.

Conclusion
Four candidates (protein disulfide-isomerase A3, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, alpha-enolase, and creatine kinase B-type), hyperphosphorylated in all three brain regions, can be further studied to understand the molecular mechanism behind neurodegenerative changes mediated by sarin exposure. The study sheds light on major pathogenic processes initiated during sarin intoxication and provides putative diagnostic markers/therapeutic targets for further validation.
TERT Promoter Mutational Analysis as an Ancillary Diagnostic Tool for Diagnostically Challenging Melanocytic Neoplasms
Authors: Boutko Anastasiya , Asadbeigi Sepideh , Roth Andrew , Lampley Nathaniel , Olivares Shantel , Dittmann David , Dittmann David , Jennings Lawrence , Gerami Pedram 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations (TPMs) have been shown to be common in melanoma and uncommon in benign nevi. To assess the use of TPMs as an ancillary diagnostic tool, we report the concordance of the TPM status with the final diagnosis in clinical cases with distinct differential diagnostic scenarios: dysplastic nevus versus melanoma, atypical Spitz nevus versus melanoma, atypical deep penetrating nevus (DPN) versus melanoma, and atypical blue nevus versus malignant blue nevus. In a control cohort, we found a positive TPM in 51/70 (73%) of the total melanomas with the highest frequency in vertical growth phase melanoma cases. Conversely, only 2/35 (6%) dysplastic nevi in our control cases were TPM-positive and b were severely atypical dysplastic nevi. Our clinical cohort of 257 cases had a positive TPM in 24% of cases diagnosed as melanoma and in 1% of cases with a benign diagnosis. The overall concordance of the TPM status with the final diagnosis was 86%. The TPM status had the greatest concordance (95%) with the final diagnosis in the atypical DPN versus melanoma group, with the rest of the groups ranging between 50% and 88%. Overall, our results suggest that TPMs are most useful in the differential diagnosis of atypical DPN versus melanoma. It also has some value in the differential diagnosis of atypical Spitz tumor versus melanoma and dysplastic nevus versus melanoma, whereas in our cohort, it did not contribute meaningfully to differentiating malignant blue nevus and atypical blue nevus.
Iatrogenic Calcinosis Cutis in the Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Manrique Monica , Escandón Joseph M. , Paredes-Gutierrez Juliana , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Nasser Jacob S. , Oh Haley S. , Duarte-Bateman Daniela , Oh Albert K. , Rogers Gary F. 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Calcinosis cutis is the term used to describe the deposition of calcium compounds within the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which can occur after the administration of intravenous calcium compounds. Its etiology is broad, and the clinical presentation is variable, creating a diagnostic challenge. Although iatrogenic calcinosis cutis is extremely uncommon, awareness and early diagnosis of this entity can reduce the risks of severe complications, including soft tissue damage, restricted joint mobility, and even nerve compression. Clinical suspicion should prompt a thorough review of the medical history and appropriate radiographic studies. Evidence of extensive soft tissue calcification must be present on radiographic imaging to confirm the diagnosis. Iatrogenic calcinosis cutis is managed conservatively, and resolution of symptoms is expected within 2 months of symptom onset. Herein we report the case of an infant with DiGeorge syndrome who developed iatrogenic calcinosis cutis after receiving an intraoperative infusion of calcium gluconate. Our patient presented with right lower extremity swelling, erythema, and warmth over a broad area of the leg centered on the entry point of the venipuncture. This was initially mistaken and managed as cellulitis, but once an accurate diagnosis was made, the symptoms gradually resolved with conservative care and no functional sequelae. We also present the literature on iatrogenic and idiopathic calcinosis cutis in the pediatric population.
Decreasing Time Intervals in Recurring Capsular Contracture? A Single Center Retrospective Study over 6 Years
Authors: Jakob Vivian L. , Keck Maike , Lohmeyer Jörn A. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Although breast implants of the current generation can, in principle, remain in the body for life, follow-up operations of the augmented or reconstructed breasts are regularly necessary. Capsular contracture is the leading cause for revisional surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate indications and changes in time intervals between consecutive implant replacements with a focus on capsular contracture.

Methods:
In the period from 2012 to 2017, all patients with breast implant replacements or removals at our institution were identified. From the medical file, the time of the first implantation and earlier replacements were analyzed for indication and timing of surgery.

Results:
A total of 498 operations for implant replacement or removal were analyzed in 323 patients. Including prior operations, 717 procedures could be evaluated. If capsular contracture was the indication, revision surgery was performed on average 14.3 years or 8.4 years in aesthetic or reconstructive cases, respectively. In patients with more than one implant removal or replacement, we saw a reduction in the time interval between the first, second, and third follow-up operation.

Conclusions:
The main indication to perform implant replacements or removals was capsular contracture recurring at increasingly shorter intervals. Patients must be informed about this possible progression when changing implants, but also before the first operation. If capsular contracture occurs after a rather short time period in reconstructive cases, the opportunity of an alternative approach (eg, autologous reconstruction) instead of a renewed implant change should be discussed with the patient.
Longitudinal Changes in Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Densities in Glaucomatous Eyes With a Single-Hemifield Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defect
Authors: Seo Min-Hwan , Park Ji-Hye , Yoon Sumin , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Yeon 
Published: March 2023

Précis:
The peripapillary vessel density decreased significantly in the affected hemiretina compared with that in the intact hemiretina in glaucomatous eyes with a single-hemifield retinal nerve fiber layer defect.

Purpose:
To evaluate the difference in the change rates of peripapillary vessel density (pVD) and macular vessel density (mVD) measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in glaucomatous eyes with a single-hemifield retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect.

Materials And Methods:
We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study of 25 patients with glaucoma who were followed up for at least 3 years, with a minimum of 4 visits after baseline OCTA. At each visit, all participants underwent OCTA examination, and the pVD, mVD were measured by removing the large vessels. Changes in the pVD, mVD, peripapillary RNFL thickness (pRNFLT), and macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness were investigated in the affected and intact hemispheres, and the differences between the 2 hemispheres were compared.

Results:
In the affected hemiretina, the pVD, mVD, pRNFLT, and mCGIPLT were reduced than that in the intact hemiretina (all, P < 0.001). The changes in pVD and mVD were statistically significant at the 2-year and 3-year follow-ups in the affected hemifield (all, P<0.05). However, pVD and mVD did not show statistically significant changes in the intact hemiretina throughout the follow-up visits. Although the pRNFLT decreased significantly at the 3-year follow-up, the macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness showed no statistical change at any follow-up visit. Compared with the intact hemisphere, pVD was the only parameter that showed significant changes throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Although pVD and mVD decreased in the affected hemiretina, the reduction in pVD was significant compared with that in the intact hemiretina.
Remote Contrast Sensitivity Testing Seems to Correlate With the Degree of Glaucomatous Macular Damage
Authors: Sohail Marium , Hirji Sitara H. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Glass Lora D. , Blumberg Dana M. 
Published: March 2023

Précis:
Remote contrast sensitivity (CS) testing through a free downloadable home test correlates with glaucomatous macular damage measured by 10-2 visual field (VF) testing.

Purpose:
To assess the feasibility and validity of home CS monitoring as a measure of glaucomatous damage using a free downloadable smartphone application.

Methods:
Twenty-six participants were asked to remotely use the Berkeley Contrast Squares (BCS) application, a free downloadable tool that records the user’s CS for varying degrees of visual acuity. An instructional video detailing how to download and use the application was sent to the participants. Subjects were asked to send logarithmic CS results with a minimum 8-week test-retest window, and test-retest reliability was measured. Results were validated against office-based CS testing that was collected within the previous 6 months. Validity analysis was also carried out to determine whether CS as measured by BCS is a good predictor of 10-2 and 24-2 VF mean deviation (MD).

Results:
There was a high BCS test-retest reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient score of 0.91 and a significant correlation between repeat test results and baseline test scores (Pearson, 0.86, P < 0.0001). There was significant agreement between unilateral CS scores as measured by BCS and office-based CS testing (b = 0.94, P < 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.27). Unilateral CS as measured by BCS was significantly associated with 10-2 VF MD (r
2 = 0.27, P = 0.006, 95% CI: 3.7 to 20.6), but not with 24-2 VF MD (P = 0.151).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that a free, rapid home CS test correlates with glaucomatous macular damage as measured by 10-2 VF.