bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Design of Hinged Tile-Based Curling Air Surface for Morphing Windshield Cowling
Authors: Li Tiantian , Luntz Jonathan , Brei Diann , Alexander Paul , Kim Wonhee 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The gap between the windshield and hood allows windshield wipers to operate, but causes problems gathering leaves and snow. Active morphing approaches provide an opportunity to create a windshield cowling that addresses this issue by covering the gap normally and actively curling out of the way to allow wiper operation. Most existing morphing techniques lack simultaneous large force/stroke generation, cannot perform two-way actuation, or fail to rigidly hold their position against varying loads such as wind. This article studies a novel curling air surface based on hinged T-shaped tiles that improve upon existing technologies by adding straightening actuation to out-of-plane curling with large force and deflection, while also holding position rigidly. Through vacuuming an upper curling bladder enclosing the tiles and inflating lower straightening bladders spanning the hinge lines, the air surface uncovers and covers the gap against wind loads and holds its curled position rigidly using inter-tile hard stops. An analytical surface model aggregated from multiple instances of a first principle unit curling model predicts the air surface performance. This model includes additional kinematic effects, extending the range of applicability, and additional bladder effect phenomenological terms to improve accuracy. The model is validated across scales and enables design space visualization, which is applied to design a windshield cowling. The resulting design is validated and demonstrated in a full-scale prototype. This article provides the technology concept, supporting model, and design approach to broadly apply this useful air surface to other morphing applications.
Performance of Thermally Sprayed Nickel and Tungsten-Based Coatings in Slurry Erosion Conditions: A Review
Authors: Kumar Abhinay , Garg Rajiv Kumar , Sachdeva Anish 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The energy needs of a country cannot be fulfilled by a single source of energy, so renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro energy are widely used throughout the world. In countries where sufficient hydro energy resources are available, hydropower plants have been installed to produce electricity. But countries where the rivers originate from hilly areas (like India and Nepal) have to deal with the losses due to the wear caused by the silt particles presented in water. The silt content in water causes the erosion of material in different components of hydropower plants. To avoid these losses thermally sprayed hard surface coatings are widely used as a protective layer. This review focuses on the performance of composite coatings based on nickel and tungsten in slurry erosion conditions. A comprehensive investigation of studies conducted on thermally sprayed nickel- and tungsten-based coatings is discussed in this review paper. The review reveals that high velocity oxy-fuel is widely used by different researchers to develop composite coatings. Materials like Ni–20Cr2O3, Ni–Al2O3, Ni–Cr–Si–B, WC–10Co, WC–10Co–Cr, and Ni–Cr–B–Si–Fe–WC (Co) have been used in different studies to minimize the wear of material in slurry conditions.
Different Levels of Leisure Walking and Mental Health Among Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Lee Jungjoo , Oh Seok Min , Kim Jaehyun , Kim Junhyoung 
Published: April 2023

Leisure walking has been found to be positively associated with increased mental health. However, the benefits of leisure walking of varying intensities on the mental health of older adults (>50 years old) with mild cognitive impairment are not clear. This study employed 2020 Health and Retirement Study data to investigate the benefits of leisure walking for three groups based on levels of participation (low, mid, and high). We conducted a multivariate analysis of covariance (n = 834) to examine the group mean differences (MDs). The respondents in the high and mid groups presented higher life satisfaction and happiness than those in the low group. The high group had lower loneliness and stress scores than those in the low and mid groups. These findings indicate that older adults with mild cognitive impairment gained more mental health benefits and life satisfaction through moderate and vigorous leisure walking than through light leisure walking.
A Novel Exploration of Occupational Recovery in Certified Mental Performance Consultants
Authors: Magdaleno Anthony , Meyer Barbara B. 
Published: April 2023

Researchers have provided evidence that workplace demands impair professionals’ health and performance, while occupational recovery facilitates them. Sport psychology professionals experience workplace demands (e.g., organizational stressors) and must manage their health and performance to consistently deliver competent, ethical, and effective services. Therefore, the purpose of this novel study was to explore the prevalence of, and relationship between, perceived stress and psychological aspects of occupational recovery (i.e., recovery experiences, off-job activities) in certified mental performance consultants (CMPCs). A sample of 140 CMPCs completed measures of perceived stress and psychological aspects of occupational recovery. Results indicated that psychological aspects of occupational recovery significantly predicted perceived stress. Practical implications to reduce CMPCs’ perceived stress include the promotion of occupational recovery through prioritization of activities positively related to recovery experiences.
Supplemental Material: Wet calc-alkaline magmatic fractionation in the middle–upper crustal sections of the continental arc: Insights from the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex, western Yangtze Block, South China
Authors: Zhu Yu , et al.  
Published: April 2023

<p> Figure S1: Field outcrops for the Nanba intrusive complex along the western Yangtze Block, South China. Figure S2: Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of representative zircons of the different lithologies in the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Figure S3: Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams for the different lithologies in the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Figure S4: Photomicrographs show the polycrystalline aggregate of feldspar phases in the K-feldspar granites in the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Supplemental Data S1: A summary of Neoproterozoic igneous rocks of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Supplemental Data S2: Representative electron probe analyses of feldspar from the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Supplemental Data S3: Representative electron probe analyses of hornblende from the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Supplemental Data S4: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results for the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Supplemental Data S5: Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data of the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Supplemental Data S6: The whole-rock major (wt%) and trace (ppm) elements for the Neoproterozoic Nanba intrusive complex of the western Yangtze Block, South China. </p>
Supplemental Material: Petrology and geochronology of Cretaceous–Eocene plutonic rocks in northeastern Washington, USA: Crustal thickening, slab rollback, and origin of the Challis episode
Authors: Tepper Jeffrey H. , et al.  
Published: April 2023

<p>Supplemental File S1: Sample locations and elemental and isotopic data. Supplemental File S2: U-Pb ranked age plots and concordia diagrams. Supplemental File S3: U-Pb method details and all individual point analyses. </p>
Lineage-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Smooth Muscle Cell Modeling Predicts Integrin Alpha-V Antagonism Reduces Aortic Root Aneurysm Formation in Marfan Syndrome Mice
Authors: Nakamura Ken , Dalal Alex R. , Yokoyama Nobu , Pedroza Albert J. , Kusadokoro Sho , Mitchel Olivia , Gilles Casey , Masoudian Bahar , Leipzig Matthew , Casey Kerriann M. , Hiesinger William , Uchida Tetsuro , Fischbein Michael P. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The role of increased smooth muscle cell (SMC) integrin αv signaling in Marfan syndrome (MFS) aortic aneurysm remains unclear. Herein, we examine the mechanism and potential efficacy of integrin αv blockade as a therapeutic strategy to reduce aneurysm progression in MFS.

Methods:

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into aortic SMCs of the second heart field (SHF) and neural crest (NC) lineages, enabling in vitro modeling of MFS thoracic aortic aneurysms. The pathological role of integrin αv during aneurysm formation was confirmed by blockade of integrin αv with GLPG0187 in
Fbn1
C1039G/+
MFS mice.

Results:

iPSC–derived MFS SHF SMCs overexpress integrin αv relative to MFS NC and healthy control SHF cells. Furthermore, integrin αv downstream targets (FAK [focal adhesion kinase]/Akt
Thr308
/mTORC1 [mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1]) were activated, especially in MFS SHF. Treatment of MFS SHF SMCs with GLPG0187 reduced p-FAK/p-Akt
Thr308
/mTORC1 activity back to control SHF levels. Functionally, MFS SHF SMCs had increased proliferation and migration compared to MFS NC SMCs and control SMCs, which normalized with GLPG0187 treatment. In the
Fbn1
C1039G/+
MFS mouse model, integrin αv, p-Akt
Thr308
, and downstream targets of mTORC1 proteins were elevated in the aortic root/ascending segment compared to littermate wild-type control. Mice treated with GLPG0187 (age 6–14 weeks) had reduced aneurysm growth, elastin fragmentation, and reduction of the FAK/Akt
Thr308
/mTORC1 pathway. GLPG0187 treatment reduced the amount and severity of SMC modulation assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Conclusions:

The integrin αv-FAK-Akt
Thr308
signaling pathway is activated in iPSC SMCs from MFS patients, specifically from the SHF lineage. Mechanistically, this signaling pathway promotes SMC proliferation and migration in vitro. As biological proof of concept, GLPG0187 treatment slowed aneurysm growth and p-Akt
Thr308
signaling in
Fbn1
C1039G/+
mice. Integrin αv blockade via GLPG0187 may be a promising therapeutic approach to inhibit MFS aneurysmal growth.
Myocardial Injury Thresholds for 4 High-Sensitivity Troponin Assays in a Population-Based Sample of US Children and Adolescents
Authors: McEvoy John W. , Wang Dan , Brady Tammy , Tang Olive , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Coresh Josef , Christenson Robert H. , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Myocardial injury is an important pediatric diagnosis. Establishing normative data from a representative pediatric sample is vital to provide accurate upper reference limits (URLs) for defining myocardial injury using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin.

Methods:
Among participants 1 to 18 years of age in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we measured high-sensitivity troponin T using one assay (Roche) and high-sensitivity troponin I using 3 assays (Abbott, Siemens, and Ortho). In a strictly defined healthy subgroup, we estimated 97.5th and 99th percentile URLs for each assay using the recommended nonparametric method.

Results:
Of 5695 pediatric participants, 4029 met criteria for the healthy subgroup (50% males; mean age 12.6 years). Our 99th percentile URL estimates for all 4 high-sensitivity troponin assays among children and adolescents were lower than the manufacturer-reported URLs (derived from adults). The 99th percentile URLs (95% CI) were 15 ng/L (95% CI, 12–17) for high-sensitivity troponin T, 16 ng/L (95% CI, 12–19) for high-sensitivity troponin I with the Abbott assay, 38 ng/L (95% CI, 25–46) for high-sensitivity troponin I with the Siemens assay, and 7 ng/L (95% CI, 5, 12) for high-sensitivity troponin I with the Ortho assay. The 95% CIs for age-, sex-, and race and ethnicity-specific 99th percentile URLs overlapped. However, the 97.5th percentile URL for each assay was measured with superior statistical precision (ie, tighter 95% CIs) and demonstrated differences by sex. For male compared with female children and adolescents, 97.5th percentile URLs were 11 ng/L (95% CI, 10–12) versus 6 ng/L (95% CI, 6–7) for high-sensitivity troponin T, 9 ng/L (95% CI, 7–10) versus 5 ng/L (95% CI, 4–6) for high-sensitivity troponin I with the Abbott assay, 21 ng/L (95% CI, 18–25) versus 11 ng/L (95% CI, 9–13) for high-sensitivity troponin I with the Siemens assay, and 4 ng/L (95% CI, 3–5) versus 2 ng/L (95% CI, 1–3) for high-sensitivity troponin I with the Ortho assay. In contrast to the 99th percentiles, the point estimates of 97.5th percentile pediatric URLs for high-sensitivity troponin were also much more stable to differences in the analytic approaches taken to estimate URLs.

Conclusions:
Because myocardial infarction is rare in children and adolescents, the use of statistically more precise and reliable sex-specific 97.5th percentile high-sensitivity troponin URLs might be considered to define pediatric myocardial injury.
Sharing your snack: unusual observation of a chick–chick feeding occurrence in colonial king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus)
Authors: Cillard Anne , Fuentes Rodriguez Tatiana , Robin Jean-Patrice , Bize Pierre , Stier Antoine , Viblanc Vincent A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are colonial seabirds presenting an extraordinary breeding cycle. Parents take over 14 months to raise a single chick to independence, upon which fledglings depart at sea for more than a year. Juveniles often return to the colony within the three austral summers following departure, and before the age of first reproduction (around 5–6 years old), possibly to acquire the essential skills involved in breeding. Little to nothing is known on the acquisition of parental behaviour. Here, we report an anecdotal, yet highly unusual, observation of chick–chick feeding behaviour in this species. The behaviour is highly unusual in that two non-sibling chicks, not yet independent, and hatched at different times (early and late) of the same breeding season were observed, the older chick feeding the younger one. Whereas alloparental feeding is known to occur in this species, this is the first reported observation of a chick–chick feeding event. This unusual behaviour raises the question of whether the early social environment plays a role in the acquisition of essential parenting skills in this species.
Hanako, Rodin, and the Close-up
Authors: Miyao Daisuke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Between 1906 and 1911, Auguste Rodin sculpted more than fifty heads, masks, and busts of the Japanese actress Hanako. It was the largest number of portraits that he did with a single model. This essay explores the question why Rodin was so attracted to Hanako and, in particular, to her face. At the time Rodin was creating sculptures of Hanako’s head, the technique of the close-up was being adopted dramatically in filmmaking. Critics were shocked by the excessiveness of the close-up and tried to understand it in terms of ‘new realism’: the close-up modifies reality without eliminating the realness. This essay connects the theory of the close-up to the discourse of Japonisme.
Response of Water Isotopes in Precipitation to a Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in High-Resolution Simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Dütsch Marina , Steig Eric J. , Blossey Peter N. , Pauling Andrew G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) may have collapsed during the last interglacial period, between 132 000 and 116 000 years ago. The changes in topography resulting from WAIS collapse would be accompanied by significant changes in Antarctic surface climate, atmospheric circulation, and ocean conditions. Evidence of these changes may be recorded in water-isotope ratios in precipitation archived in the ice. We conduct high-resolution simulations with an isotope-enabled version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model over Antarctica, with boundary conditions provided by climate model simulations with both present-day and lowered WAIS topography. The results show that while there is significant spatial variability, WAIS collapse would cause detectable isotopic changes at several locations where ice-core records have been obtained or could be obtained in the future. The most robust signals include elevated δ18O at SkyTrain Ice Rise in West Antarctica and elevated deuterium excess and δ18O at Hercules Dome in East Antarctica. A combination of records from multiple sites would provide constraints on the timing, rate, and magnitude of past WAIS collapse.
Classifying minerals and their related names in a relational database
Authors: Gavryliv Liubomyr , Ponomar Vitalii , Putiš Marián 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe categorisation of minerals and their related names, such as synonyms, obsolete or historical names, varieties or mixtures, is an asset for designing an interoperable and consistent mineralogical data warehouse. An enormous amount of this data, provided by mindat.org and other resources, was reviewed and analysed during the research. The analysis indicates the existence of several categories of (1) the abstract titles or designations representing the link to the original material or a group of names or substances without actual physical representation, and (2) the unique names representing actual physical material, compounds, or an aggregate of one or more minerals. A revision of the dependency between the categories attributes stored in a database (e.g. chemical properties, physical properties) and their classification status assigned allowed us to design a robust prototype for maintaining database integrity and consistency. The proposed scheme allows standardisation and structuring of officially regulated and maintained species, e.g. IMA-approved, and, in addition, unregulated ones.
Plants under pressure: the impact of environmental change on plant ecology and evolution
Authors: Barrio Isabel C. , Rapini Alessandro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlants have demonstrated tremendous resilience through past mass extinction events. However, anthropogenic pressures are rapidly threatening plant survival. To develop our understanding of the impact of environmental change on plant ecology and evolution and help solve the current biodiversity crisis, BMC Ecology and Evolution has launched a new article Collection titled “Plants under Pressure”.
SPR9 encodes a 60 S ribosomal protein that modulates panicle spreading and affects resistance to false smut in rice (Oryza sativa. L)
Authors: He Niqing , Huang Fenghuang , Lu Libin , Wang Xun , Li Qingshun Q. , Yang Dewei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe architecture of inflorescence in crops is a key agronomic feature determining grain yield and thus has been a major target trait of cereal domestication.ResultsIn this study, we show that a simple spreading panicle change in rice panicle shape, controlled by theSpreading Panicle 9(SPR9)locus, also has a significant impact on the resistance to rice false smut (RFS). Meanwhile, we mapped a novelspr9mutant gene between markers Indel5-18 and Indel5-22 encompassing a genomic region of 43-kb with six candidate genes. Through gene prediction and cDNA sequencing, we confirmed thatLOC_Os05g38520is the target gene in thespr9mutant, which encodes 60 S ribosomal protein L36-2. Further analysis showed that thespr9mutant is caused by a 1 bp deletion in the first exon that resulted in premature termination. Knockout experiments showed that theSPR9gene is responsible for the spreading panicle phenotype of thespr9mutant. Interestingly, thespr9mutant was found to improve resistance to RFS without affecting major agronomic traits. Taken together, our results revealed that thespr9allele has good application prospects in rice breeding for disease resistance and panicle improvement.ConclusionsWe report the map-based cloning and functional characterization ofSPR9, which encodes a 60 S ribosomal protein that regulates spreading panicles and affects the resistance to false smut in rice.
Adjusted morbidity groups and survival: a retrospective cohort study of primary care patients with chronic conditions
Authors: Bandeira-de Oliveira Mariana , Aparicio-González Teresa , del Cura-González Isabel , Suárez-Fernández Carmen , Rodríguez-Barrientos Ricardo , Barrio-Cortes Jaime 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic conditions are one of the main determinants of frailty, functional disability, loss of quality of life and the number one cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to describe the survival of patients with chronic conditions who were followed up in primary care according to the level of risk by adjusted morbidity groups and to analyse the effects of sex, age, clinician and care factors on survival.MethodsThis was a longitudinal observational study of a retrospective cohort of patients with chronic conditions identified by the adjusted morbidity group stratifier of the electronic medical records in a primary health centre of the Region of Madrid, which has an assigned population of 18,107 inhabitants. The follow-up period was from June 2015 to June 2018. A description of survival according to the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression model was used to analyse the effects of sex, age, clinician and care factors.ResultsA total of 9,866 patients with chronic conditions were identified; 77.4% (7,638) had a low risk, 18.1% (1,784) had a medium risk, and 4.5% (444) had a high risk according to the adjusted morbidity groups. A total of 477 patients with chronic conditions died (4.8%). The median survival was 36 months. The factors associated with lower survival were age over 65 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–1.6), receiving palliative care (HR = 3.4; 95% CI = 2.6–4.5), high versus low risk level (HR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.60–3.7), five chronic conditions or more (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.2-2), complexity index (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.02–1.04) and polymedication (HR = 2.6; 95% CI = 2.0-3.3).ConclusionsThere was a gradual and significant decrease in the survival of patients with chronic conditions according to their level of risk as defined by adjusted morbidity groups. Other factors, such as older age, receiving palliative care, high number of chronic conditions, complexity, and polymedication, had a negative effect on survival. The adjusted morbidity groups are useful in explaining survival outcomes and may be valuable for clinical practice, resource planning and public health research.