bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The paradigm of stem cell secretome in tissue repair and regeneration: Present and future perspectives
Authors: Da Silva Kate , Kumar Pradeep , Choonara Yahya E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs the number of patients requiring organ transplants continues to rise exponentially, there is a dire need for therapeutics, with repair and regenerative properties, to assist in alleviating this medical crisis. Over the past decade, there has been a shift from conventional stem cell treatments towards the use of the secretome, the protein and factor secretions from cells. These components may possess novel druggable targets and hold the key to profoundly altering the field of regenerative medicine. Despite the progress in this field, clinical translation of secretome‐containing products is limited by several challenges including but not limited to ensuring batch‐to‐batch consistency, the prevention of further heterogeneity, production of sufficient secretome quantities, product registration, good manufacturing practice protocols and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of all the components. Despite this, the secretome may hold the key to unlocking the regenerative blockage scientists have encountered for years. This review critically analyses the secretome derived from different cell sources and used in several tissues for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current delivery strategies and the future perspectives for the secretome as a potential therapeutic. The success and possible shortcomings of the secretome are evaluated.
Human cortical high‐gamma power scales with movement rate in healthy participants and stroke survivors
Authors: Haverland Benjamin , Timmsen Lena S. , Wolf Silke , Stagg Charlotte J. , Frontzkowski Lukas , Oostenveld Robert , Schön Gerhard , Feldheim Jan , Higgen Focko L. , Gerloff Christian , Schulz Robert , Schneider Till R. , Schwab Bettina C. , Quandt Fanny 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMotor cortical high‐gamma oscillations (60–90 Hz) occur at movement onset and are spatially focused over the contralateral primary motor cortex. Although high‐gamma oscillations are widely recognized for their significance in human motor control, their precise function on a cortical level remains elusive. Importantly, their relevance in human stroke pathophysiology is unknown. Because motor deficits are fundamental determinants of symptom burden after stroke, understanding the neurophysiological processes of motor coding could be an important step in improving stroke rehabilitation. We recorded magnetoencephalography data during a thumb movement rate task in 14 chronic stroke survivors, 15 age‐matched control participants and 29 healthy young participants. Motor cortical high‐gamma oscillations showed a strong relation with movement rate as trials with higher movement rate were associated with greater high‐gamma power. Although stroke survivors showed reduced cortical high‐gamma power, this reduction primarily reflected the scaling of high‐gamma power with movement rate, yet after matching movement rate in stroke survivors and age‐matched controls, the reduction of high‐gamma power exceeded the effect of their decreased movement rate alone. Even though motor skill acquisition was evident in all three groups, it was not linked to high‐gamma power. Our study quantifies high‐gamma oscillations after stroke, revealing a reduction in movement‐related high‐gamma power. Moreover, we provide strong evidence for a pivotal role of motor cortical high‐gamma oscillations in encoding movement rate.
imageKey points
Neural oscillations in the high‐gamma frequency range (60–90 Hz) emerge in the human motor cortex during movement.
The precise function of these oscillations in motor control remains unclear, and they have never been characterized in stroke survivors.
In a magnetoencephalography study, we demonstrate that high‐gamma oscillations in motor cortical areas scale with movement rate, and we further explore their temporal and spatial characteristics.
Stroke survivors exhibit lower high‐gamma power during movement than age‐matched control participants, even after matching for movement rate.
The results contribute to the understanding of the role of high‐gamma oscillations in motor control and have important implications for neuromodulation in stroke rehabilitation.
Data-Driven Identification of Variational Equations for Vortex-Induced Vibration Systems
Authors: Lu Kang , Zeng Zheng , Xiong Xiong , Wang Xuefeng , Gu Xudong , Hu Rongchun , Deng Zichen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, a data-driven approach using the embedded variational principle is used to identify the variational equations of vortex-induced vibration fluid–structure interaction systems, in particular the coupling term and the aerodynamic damping term. Under the data-driven paradigm, variational equation identification is primarily accomplished through five steps: collecting discrete data, setting variational functions, building the product function, solving linear equations, and evaluating errors. The explicit variational equations of the system are eventually determined automatically from the excitation and response. Gaussian white noise is added to the excitation to evaluate the method's noise robustness. The findings demonstrate that numerical estimation which stays away from higher-order derivatives significantly enhances the variational law identification's noise robustness by taking advantage of the variational law's lower-order time derivatives. Furthermore, the arbitrariness of the variational setting inherent in the variational law significantly improves the effectiveness of data utilization and lowers the necessary data volume. In addition, a system of linear equations is solved by identifying connected nonlinear equations, which significantly increases modeling efficiency. The basis for engineering modeling, optimization, and control of intricate fluid–structure interaction systems are provided by these benefits.
Impact of Nonlinear Viscous Damping on Strain-Mediated Domain Wall Propagation in Hexagonal Magnetostrictive Materials
Authors: Maity Sumit , Dwivedi Sharad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetic domain walls are promising information carriers for developing next-generation high-processing speed spintronic devices. While extensive research has been conducted on field- and current-driven domain wall propagation from fundamental theoretical and practical applications viewpoint, the strain-controlled manipulation of domain walls in magnetostrictive materials with different crystal structures has recently gained significant attention. In this work, we theoretically investigate strain-driven domain wall motion in a transversely isotropic hexagonal magnetostrictive layer, incorporating the influence of nonlinear viscous damping. Our analysis is based on the one-dimensional extended Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, which captures the combined effects of a tunable magnetic field, spin-polarized current, magnetoelastic and anisotropy fields, and crystal symmetry. By applying the traveling wave method, we derive expressions for key dynamics such as the traveling wave profile, Walker breakdown, domain wall width, and velocity across both steady and precessional regimes. The results show that nonlinear viscous damping significantly influences domain wall motion, altering velocity behavior and expanding the steady propagating regime by shifting the Walker breakdown limit. In addition, the orientation of the magnetic field modulates the threshold and breakdown limits, affecting the range of steady propagation. Also, the numerical illustrations of the obtained analytical results yield a good qualitative agreement with recent observations.
The association of SLC16A1 (MCT1) gene polymorphism with body composition changes during weight loss interventions: A randomized trial with sex-dependent analysis
Authors: Cupeiro Rocío , Benito Pedro J. , Amigo Teresa , González-Lamuño Domingo 
Published: January 2025

Monocarboxylates, transported by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), have been proposed to influence energy homeostasis and exhibit altered metabolism during exercise. This study investigated the association between the Asp490Glu (T1470A) (rs1049434) polymorphism of the SLC16A1 ( MCT1) gene and changes in body composition in males and females with overweight or obesity. The 173 participants (56.6% females) completed a 6-month randomized controlled trial, being assigned to the Supervised Exercise group (strength, endurance, or strength plus endurance training) or the Physical Activity (PA) Recommendations group. Participants were genotypically categorized as Asp/Asp (TT), Asp/Glu (TA), or Glu/Glu (AA). ANCOVA analysis showed main effects for genotype and interaction genotype × group ( p < 0.05) for several variables, especially in females. Asp/Asp (TT) females showed greater reductions in total fat mass (−29.30 ± 8.75% change), percentage of body fat (−17.50 ± 8.06% change), and body weight (−13.90 ± 2.62% change) compared with Glu/Glu (AA) ( p ≤ 0.020; d ≥ 0.18) and Asp/Glu (TA) ( p ≤ 0.050; d ≥ 0.16) females, but only within the PA Recommendations group. Data indicated higher decreases in lean body mass of the Asp/Asp (TT) compared to Glu/Glu (AA) in females ( p = 0.067, η2 p = 0.067) and to Asp/Glu (TA) in males ( p = 0.026; η2 p = 0.101). Our investigation suggests an association of the single-nucleotide polymorphism with body composition changes especially in females following exercise recommendations, highlighting the importance of supervised training to offset genetic predisposition for different weight loss. Differences in males only appeared for lean body mass, suggesting sex differences for this genetic association. The study underscores the potential influence of MCT1 functionality on human adaptations to weight loss interventions. ClinicalTrials.gov information: registry name, Nutrition and Physical Activity for Obesity (PRONAF); registration number, NCT01116856.
A data compilation and synthesis of the impacts of seismic surveys on surface soil properties in boreal Alberta, Canada
Authors: Davies Marissa A. , Davidson Scott J. , Deane Patrick J. , Filicetti Angelo , Ketcheson Scott , Korsah Percy , Kleinke Kimberly , Nielsen Scott E. , Schmidt Megan A. , Tabassum Nazia , Waddington James M. , Weiland Lelia , Wilkinson Sophie , Strack Maria 
Published: January 2025

Linear clearings of vegetation to perform geophysical surveys, called seismic lines, are created for oil and gas exploration in boreal Canada and often persist on the landscape for decades after disturbance. Therefore, an assessment of environmental conditions on seismic lines is needed to inform restoration efforts. This study aimed to compile surface soil properties (upper 5–15 cm; dry bulk density, organic matter content, organic matter bulk density, volumetric water content, and water content by mass) on and off seismic lines across upland, transitional, and peatland ecosystems in northern Alberta, Canada ( N = 1638). Soil properties differ between seismic line and reference samples, especially on older “conventional” lines. Changes included higher dry bulk density, lower organic matter content, and elimination of microtopographic variability. Changes in dry bulk density can, in part, be explained by a reduction in organic matter content, but altered carbon cycling and/or compaction are also important. Restoration techniques such as inverted mounding create an entirely distinct soil condition, with higher mean bulk densities and lower organic matter contents than both on and off seismic lines. Therefore, an assessment of microtopographic recovery should be conducted before prescribing restoration treatments to limit further degradation of soil structure.
Topologically dynamical complex objects and structure scalars
Authors: Yousaf Z. , Ganesan T. , Almutairi Bander , Nasir M. M. M. 
Published: January 2025

In this study, we explore topologically spherical relativistic objects and analyze the factors that are involved in maintaining the smooth composition of anisotropic content. The corresponding field equations resulting from this extension show a different behavior due to the higher-order correction terms. We study the role of structure scalar in the possible modeling of complex objects in a well-known way, discussed by [L. Herrera, A. Di Prisco and J. Ospino, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 104059]. After orthogonally splitting the curvature tensor, the associated dynamical equations are evaluated. We examine the complexity of the pattern of evolution by considering the homologous constraint. Furthermore, in the presence and absence of dissipation, the behavior, characteristics, and stability of the self-gravitating structures are analyzed. It is inferred that correction terms are trying to disturb the usual scenario of the homologous evolution of the relativistic dynamical system.
The origin of dark matter and the cosmological constant
Authors: Marsh Gerald E. 
Published: January 2025

The concept of exotic charged dust is introduced here to represent dark matter. The term “exotic” means that the dust is not composed of normal matter, and the charge — for lack of a better term — is not an electric charge. It is also shown that the often-used approximate expression for dark matter density corresponds to an exact solution of the coupled Einstein–Maxwell equations for charged dust. The Einstein field equations tell us that for a flat universe, the cosmological constant acts as a gravitating negative energy distribution that is gravitationally repulsive; following Schwinger, it is shown that the vacuum must have a negative energy spectrum if QFT is to be gauge invariant.
Denotational Semantics of Gradual Typing using Synthetic Guarded Domain Theory
Authors: Giovannini Eric , Ding Tingting , New Max S. 
Published: January 2025

Gradually typed programming languages, which allow for soundly

mixing static and dynamically typed programming styles, present a

strong challenge for metatheorists. Even the simplest sound

gradually typed languages feature at least recursion and errors,

with realistic languages featuring furthermore runtime allocation of

memory locations and dynamic type tags. Further, the desired

metatheoretic properties of gradually typed languages have become

increasingly sophisticated: validity of type-based equational

reasoning as well as the relational property known as

graduality. Many recent works have tackled verifying these

properties, but the resulting mathematical developments are highly

repetitive and tedious, with few reusable theorems persisting across

different developments.
In this work, we present a new denotational semantics for gradual

typing developed using guarded domain theory. Guarded domain theory

combines the generality of step-indexed logical relations for

modeling advanced programming features with the modularity and

reusability of denotational semantics. We demonstrate the

feasibility of this approach with a model of a simple gradually

typed lambda calculus and prove the validity of beta-eta equality

and the graduality theorem for the denotational model. This model

should provide the basis for a reusable mathematical theory of

gradually typed program semantics. Finally, we have mechanized most

of the core theorems of our development in Guarded Cubical Agda, a

recent extension of Agda with support for the guarded recursive

constructions we use.
IBing: An Efficient Interleaved Bidirectional Ring All-Reduce Algorithm for Gradient Synchronization
Authors: Zong Ruixing , Zhang Jiapeng , Tang Zhuo , Li Kenli 
Published: January 2025

Ring all-reduce is currently the most commonly used collective communication technique in the fields of data parallel and distributed computing. It consists of three phases: communication establishment, data transmission, and data processing at each step. However, this method may suffer from increased communication latency as the number of computation nodes increases, excessive communication steps and data processing procedures can lead to insufficient bandwidth utilization.
To address this issue, this paper proposes an Interleaved Bidirectional Ring (IBing) all-reduce method, which uses specially crafted communication operations to improve communication efficiency by reducing the effects of both communication establishment and data processing time. IBing reduces the number of communication steps by half compared to the Ring all-reduce. The results of extensive experiments indicate that the proposed IBing design can reduce total communication consumption by an average of 8.49% and up to 49.73%.
HEANA
: A Hybrid Time-Amplitude Analog Optical Accelerator with Flexible Dataflows for Energy-Efficient CNN Inference
Authors: Sri Vatsavai Sairam , Karempudi Venkata Sai Praneeth , Thakkar Ishan 
Published: January 2025

Several photonic microring resonator (MRR)-based analog accelerators have been proposed to accelerate the inference of integer-quantized Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with remarkably higher throughput and energy efficiency compared to their electronic counterparts. However, the existing analog photonic accelerators suffer from three shortcomings: (1) severe hampering of wavelength parallelism due to various crosstalk effects, (2) inflexibility of supporting various dataflows with temporal accumulations, and (3) failure in fully leveraging the ability of photodetectors to perform in situ accumulations. These shortcomings collectively hamper the performance and energy efficiency of prior accelerators. To tackle these shortcomings, we present a novel

H

ybrid tim

E

-

A

mplitude a

N

alog optical

A

ccelerator, called HEANA. HEANA employs hybrid time-amplitude analog optical modulators (TAOMs) in a spectrally hitless arrangement, which significantly reduces optical signal losses and crosstalk effects, thereby increasing the wavelength parallelism in HEANA. HEANA employs our invented balanced photo-charge accumulators (BPCAs) that enable buffer-less, in situ, spatio-temporal accumulations to eliminate the need to use reduction networks in HEANA, relieving it from related latency and energy overheads. Moreover, TAOMs and BPCAs increase the flexibility of HEANA to efficiently support spatio-temporal accumulations for various dataflows. Our evaluation for the inference of four modern CNNs indicates that HEANA provides improvements of at least 25× and 32× in frames per second (FPS) and FPS/W (energy efficiency), respectively, for equal-area comparisons on gmean over two MRR-based analog CNN accelerators from prior work.
Magnitude of Depression and Associated Factors in Women Living With HIV in Northwest, Ethiopia: Mediation Analysis
Authors: Zeleke Tadele Amare , Ayele Tadesse Awoke , Denu Zewditu Abdissa , Mwanri Lillian , Azale Telake 
Published: January 2025

Background: Depression in women living with HIV (WLWHIV), is one of the most common public health concerns worldwide. Depression has a negative impact on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, quality of life, poor HIV treatment outcomes, and mortality. However, there is a paucity of evidence in low‐income countries such as Ethiopia in WLWHIV.Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the magnitude of depression and related factors, and how social support mediates HIV‐related stigma and depression in WLWHIV.Method: A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 1043 patients in a health institution, employing a systematic random sampling technique to select the study participants. The structured Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), Oslo Social Support Scale, Perceived HIV‐related stigma scale, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and Violence Against Women Scale were used to measure depression, social support, stigma, food insecurity, and intimate partner violence, respectively. Descriptive statistics were computed, and multivariate logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with depression and how they mediate it.Results: The prevalence of depression among WLWHIV was 41.7% (95% CI: 38.7% and 44.5%). Being single (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.09–2.99), divorced (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.11–2.19), widowed (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.31–2.84), experiencing medical illness comorbidity (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.75–4.30), having a high viral load (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.00–3.45), receiving social support (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.96), experiencing perceived HIV‐related stigma (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.06), experiencing food insecurity (AOR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03–1.11), and experiencing psychological violence (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.30–3.23) were significantly associated with depression. Social support partially mediated the relationship between perceived HIV‐related stigma and depression.Conclusion: More than two of five WLWHIV developed depression. Depression is indirectly affected by perceived HIV‐related stigma through social support. Social support enhances mental health well‐being.
Age Classifications of Young Adults With Chronic Illness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gustafson Carolina M. , Cimiotti Jeannie P. , Vong Gerard , Hertzberg Vicki , Song Mi-Kyung 
Published: January 2025

Background: Young adults living with chronic illness have unique and complex needs related to their life stage. Currently, little clarity exists on what constitutes young adulthood, and the needs of young adults are often treated as equivalent to those of other developmental groups, particularly adolescents.Purpose: To describe the impact of age classification as reported in research on young adults living with chronic illness.Methods: A scoping review was performed by the investigative team. EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were used to identify articles that met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Summary statistics were used to describe articles included in the review.Results: The initial search yielded 5028 articles and 482 articles were included in the final review. The age classification of young adulthood varied widely and no clear patterns of age range were noted. Of studies targeting only young adults, 100 different age classifications were reported and nearly a quarter of studies used a young adulthood age classification that was unique to the study. Over half of the included articles on young adults reported a minimum age of 18 years. More variability existed in the maximum age reported for young adulthood, with ages that ranged from 18 to 80 years. About half of the studies included young adults as part of a broader population.Conclusion: A better delineation and classification of young adulthood in chronic illness is needed. Much of current research reports on the term young adulthood with little consistency in age classification, which can lead to false equivalency between studies.