bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal pathogens associated with twig canker of shrub species in Tunisia: Considering the effect of the factors correlated
Authors: Hlaiem Sawssen , Yangui Islem , Ezzine Olfa , Della Rocca Gianni , Barberini Sara , Danti Roberto , Ben Jamâa Mohamed Lahbib 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDecline phenomena of shrub species such as Quercus coccifera and Retama raetam have occurred throughout Tunisian forests since 2012. These evergreen shrubs have long been regarded for their medicinal and ecological interests. Therefore, their preservation as valuable forest resources is of great interest. However, information regarding aetiology of this disease is still scarce. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the causal agents associated with disease symptoms in two Tunisian forests. Thirty‐eight isolates were obtained from symptomatic Q. coccifera and R. raetam twigs. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster and partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha gene (tef1‐α) allowed the identification of three Diplodia species namely Diplodia africana, D. seriata and D. pseudoseriata. Our findings revealed that the incidence of Diplodia species was significantly correlated to the altitude, the temperature and the rainfall. Pathogenicity test showed that all Diplodia isolates are pathogenic. However, D. africana revealed to be the most aggressive species toward R. raetam. These findings were the first record of D. seriata as fungal pathogen associated with Q. coccifera dieback and D. pseudoseriata and D. africana on R. raetam in Tunisia.
Proposing a communication module to enhance dental students' attitudes towards people with dementia: Phase 1 of a curriculum revision study
Authors: Gurtmann Sonja , Schwahn Christian , Krüger Markus , Janowitz Deborah , Pilz Kristin , Biffar Reiner , Grabe Hans‐J. , Söhnel Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe number of mentally altered patients a dentist meets in practice is increasing and interaction with them can be very challenging. As a baseline for an interventional study, we want to assess the attitude of dental students and identify areas of improvement in patient communication. This work compares the attitude of dental students towards people suffering from dementia to the attitudes of trained medical caregivers and the general population. Our aim is to use the results to assess the need for training in communicating with mentally altered patients.Materials and MethodsFourth‐year dental students attended two lectures on dementia given by a psychiatrist as part of the geriatric dentistry lecture and were questioned afterwards using the Dementia Attitude Scale. In 2016 and 2017, 73 students at the University of Greifswald were interviewed. The response rate was 84%. Using a factor analysis, the Dementia Attitude Scale's validated questions were interpreted and compared with data from nursing staff from Switzerland and the USA.ResultsThe factor analysis of the data showed the same two‐factor loadings as the comparative groups, and that dental students' attitude is more comparable to the general population than to medically trained nursing staff.ConclusionGiven the results, we conclude that the implementation of a communication module can serve in improving the attitude of dental students towards patients with dementia.
Age‐related histopathological findings in temporal arteries
Authors: Kendziora Ryan W , Maleszewski Joseph J , Lin Peter T , Aubry Marie‐Christine , Weyand Cornelia M , Warrington Kenneth J , Jenkins Sarah M , Lo Ying‐Chun , Bois Melanie C 
Published: August 2023

AimsGiant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries in patients aged over 50 years. Involvement of temporal arteries (TA) can lead to complications such as blindness and stroke. While the diagnostic gold standard is temporal artery biopsy (TAB), comorbidities and age‐related changes can make interpretation of such specimens difficult. This study aims to establish a baseline of TA changes in subjects without GCA to facilitate the interpretation of TAB.Methods and resultsBilateral TA specimens were collected from 100 consecutive eligible postmortem examinations. Subjects were divided into four age groups and specimens semiquantitatively evaluated for eccentric intimal fibroplasia, disruption and calcification of the internal elastic lamina (IEL), medial attenuation and degree of lymphocytic inflammation of the peri‐adventitia, adventitia, media and intima. The individual scores of intimal fibroplasia, IEL disruption and medial attenuation were added to yield a ‘combined score (CS)’. Seventy‐eight 78 decedents were included in the final analysis following exclusion of 22 individuals for either lack of clinical information or inability to collect TA tissue. A total of 128 temporal artery specimens (50 bilateral from individual decedents, 28 unilateral) were available for examination. Intimal proliferation, IEL loss, IEL calcification and CS increased with age in a statistically significant fashion. Comparison of the oldest age group with the others showed statistically significant differences, although this was not uniformly preserved in comparison between the three youngest groups.ConclusionSenescent arterial changes and healed GCA exhibit histological similarity and such changes increase proportionally with age. The CS demonstrates significant association with age overall and represents a potential avenue for development to ‘normalise’ TA biopsies from older individuals.
Aqueous two‐phase anthocyanins partitioning from açai – laboratory scale‐up
Authors: de Abreu Siqueira Ana Cristina , Leite Kennedy Moreira , Braga Anna Rafaela Cavalcante , Ribeiro Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos , Julião Guilherme Zocollo , de Brito Edy Sousa , da Silva Ivanildo José , de Sant'Ana Hosiberto Batista 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAçai, a fruit typical of Amazonia in Brazil, is consumed due to beneficial health effects. Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) based on ethanol (28% w/w) and ammonium sulfate (17.5% w/w) were employed in the partitioning of anthocyanins from açai. Experiments, applying 50 mL equilibrium cells and a 1‐L glass vessel reactor, evaluated anthocyanin partition feasibility on a laboratory scale‐up. The anthocyanin preferentially moved to the top (ethanol‐rich phase) and sugars to the bottom (ammonium sulfate‐rich phase). Scale‐up effects were compared with the equilibrium cell experiments with anthocyanin extraction yielding more than 64% w/w, the yield of sugars in the bottom phase (>61% w/w) and removal of sugars (97%), showing the feasibility for the scale‐up process. The anthocyanin profile from açai, ATPS partition on the bench scale and laboratory scale‐up evaluated by UPLC‐QTOF‐MS identified cyanidin, peonidin and pelargonidin derivatives.
Antibacterial and anti‐biofilm properties of cinnamaldehyde‐loaded nanoliposomes against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis adhered to stainless steel
Authors: Hasanzadeh Baboli Narges , Hosseini Seyed Fakhreddin , Gharsallaoui Adem 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde (CIN)‐loaded nanoliposomes (CIN‐NLs) on pre‐established biofilms of L. monocytogenes and S. enteritidis. The MIC and MBC values of CIN were 1.25 and 5 μg mL−1 against L. monocytogenes, respectively; while for S. enteritidis, MIC of 0.625 and MBC of 2.5 μg mL−1 were obtained. The CIN‐NLs displayed particle size in the range of 130.5–414.2 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) values in the range of 0.28–0.59, and ζ‐potential values above −30 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of CIN in NLs ranged from 7.47% to 27.42%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed smooth spherical particles, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) results showed the successful loading of the CIN into NLs. The anti‐biofilm assays confirmed that the CIN‐NLs more efficiently prevented the formation of biofilm and extends the action time than that of free CIN. Therefore, NLs could improve the stability and long‐lasting antibacterial effect of CIN.
Gaining acceptance, insight and ability to act: A process evaluation of a preventive stress intervention as part of a transition‐to‐practice programme for newly graduated nurses
Authors: Rudman Ann , Frögéli Elin , Skyvell Nilsson Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate how NGNs perceived and applied an intervention for preventing stress‐related ill health embedded in a transition‐to‐practice programme when entering their professional life.DesignA qualitative exploratory descriptive design was selected for this study to gain insights and perspectives on the adoption and utilization of the intervention.MethodsIn this qualitative methodology process evaluation, semi‐structured and audio‐recorded interviews were conducted with a sample of 49 nurses. Data were collected between December 2016 and July 2017, and were sorted in NVivo 12 Plus, followed by thematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in three change processes stimulated by the intervention: (a) Building acceptance of being new; (b) Gaining insight into professional development and health and (c) Practical steps for skills development, healthy habits and better‐organized work. In addition to the three themes, barriers that hindered the progression of the processes were also described. Each process influenced the development of the others by stimulating a deeper understanding, motivation to change and courage to act. Several barriers were identified, including the use of cognitively demanding intervention tools, fatigue, high work demands, inconvenient work hours and a hostile social climate on the ward.ConclusionThis process evaluation showed that newly graduated nurses used knowledge from the intervention and adopted new behaviours largely in accordance with how the intervention was intended to work.ImpactWhen entering a new profession, it is crucial to receive a well‐thought‐out, structured and targeted introduction to the new professional role, tasks and work group. Nurses stated that the intervention increased their understanding of the role as new nurses and their insight into how to develop skills that promoted better functioning and recovery. The intervention also stimulated the development of new health behaviour and some new learning strategies.
The roles of adult siblings of individuals with a profound intellectual disability
Authors: Dorsman Naomi I. , Waninge Aly , van der Schans Cees P. , Luijkx Jorien , Van der Putten Annette A. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdult siblings are important in the lives of individuals with profound intellectual disabilities, especially as parents age. However, little is known about the roles they assume.MethodWe examined these roles among 58 participants from the Netherlands, who completed an online questionnaire.ResultsMost participants (89.7%) assumed multiple roles, and the majority were content with their roles. Between 7% and 58% indicated that they were the only individuals providing a certain role. Shared roles primarily involved healthcare professionals, other siblings, and parents. Almost half the participants (48.2%) assigned higher scores for the amount of support provided than for the experienced burden.ConclusionsAdult siblings often assume multiple roles. The shared roles emphasise the importance of collaboration.
Rationale and design of a multicenter randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone versus trichlormethiazide in patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension: EXCITE‐HT study
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Ohishi Mitsuru , Katsuya Tomohiro , Taguchi Takashi , Tanabe Ayumi , Sugimoto Kotaro , Shimosawa Tatsuo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe next‐generation mineralocorticoid receptor blocker (MRB) esaxerenone has favorable antihypertensive effects in patients who do not respond to treatment with first‐line antihypertensive agents and may be beneficial as a second‐line treatment. However, MRBs are currently considered a fourth‐line treatment as there is no clinical evidence comparing the efficacy of esaxerenone with other classes of antihypertensive agents. The multicenter, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group EXCITE‐HT study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone as a second‐line agent in the treatment of Japanese patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension. After a 4‐week run‐in period, patients will receive either esaxerenone or trichlormethiazide for 12 weeks per the package insert and the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. At Weeks 4 and 8, the dose of esaxerenone or trichlormethiazide may be increased. Blood pressure (home [morning and bedtime] and office), serum biomarkers, and urinary biomarkers will be measured. The primary efficacy endpoint is the change from baseline in morning home systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure to the end of treatment. The EXCITE‐HT study is expected to validate the non‐inferiority of esaxerenone to trichlormethiazide and provide the first evidence for the early use of esaxerenone as a second‐line agent in the treatment of Japanese patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension instead of its current use as a fourth‐line agent.
The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective
Authors: Vientós‐Plotts Aida I. , Ericsson Aaron C. , Reinero Carol R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHealthy lungs were long thought of as sterile, with presence of bacteria identified by culture representing contamination. Recent advances in metagenomics have refuted this belief by detecting rich, diverse, and complex microbial communities in the healthy lower airways of many species, albeit at low concentrations. Although research has only begun to investigate causality and potential mechanisms, alterations in these microbial communities (known as dysbiosis) have been described in association with inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic respiratory diseases in humans. Similar studies in dogs and cats are scarce. The microbial communities in the respiratory tract are linked to distant microbial communities such as in the gut (ie, the gut‐lung axis), allowing interplay of microbes and microbial products in health and disease. This review summarizes considerations for studying local microbial communities, key features of the respiratory microbiota and its role in the gut‐lung axis, current understanding of the healthy respiratory microbiota, and examples of dysbiosis in selected respiratory diseases of dogs and cats.
The mitigated carbon emissions of transitioning to virtual medical school and residency interviews: A survey‐based study
Authors: Hampshire Karly , Huang Lawrence , Shirley Hugh , Kahkejian Valerie , Yates Elizabeth , Weiser Sheri D. , Rosenbach Misha , Liang Kevin , Teherani Arianne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposePrior to COVID, thousands of medical school and residency applicants traversed their countries for in‐person interviews each year. However, data on the greenhouse gas emissions from in‐person interviews is limited. This study estimated greenhouse gas emissions associated with in‐person medical school and residency interviews and explored applicant interview structure preferences.MethodsFrom March to June 2022, we developed and distributed a nine‐question, website‐based survey to collect information on applicant virtual interview schedule, demographics and preference for future interview format. We calculated theoretical emissions for all interviews requiring air travel and performed a content analysis of interview preference explanations.ResultsWe received responses from 258 first‐year and 253 fourth‐year medical students at 26 allopathic US medical schools who interviewed virtually in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively. Residency applicants participating in the study were interviewed at a mean of 15.3 programs (SD 5.4) and had mean theoretical emissions of 4.31 tons CO2eq. Medical school applicants participating in the study were interviewed at a mean of 6.9 programs and had mean theoretical emissions of 2.19 tons CO2eq. Ninety percent of medical school applicants and 91% of residency applicants participating in the study expressed a preference for hybrid or virtual interviews going forward.ConclusionIn‐person medical training interviews have significant greenhouse gas emissions. Virtual and hybrid alternatives have a high degree of acceptability among applicants.
Migraine and subsequent head and neck cancer: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Wang Li‐Tzu , Chiang Ping‐Hao , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Song Mingyang , Ashina Sait , Chien Wu‐Chien , Ma Kevin Sheng‐Kai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe association of migraine with the risk of certain cancer has been reported. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the associations between migraine and the onset of head and neck cancers (HNC).Materials and MethodsA total of 1755 individuals were identified through a nationwide population‐based cohort registry in Taiwan between 2000 and 2013. The primary end point variable was new‐onset head and neck cancers in patients with migraine versus non‐migraine controls. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to derive the risk of HNC. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine subpopulations at risk of migraine‐associated HNC. Sub‐outcome analyses were carried out to provide the subtypes of migraine‐associated HNC. Propensity score matching was utilized to validate the findings.ResultsA total of four patients out of 351 patients with migraine and seven out of 1404 non‐migraine controls developed HNC. The incidence of HNC was higher in patients with migraine than that in non‐migraine controls (108.93 vs. 48.77 per 100,000 person‐years) (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 2.908, 95% CI = 0.808–10.469; p = 0.102). The risk of HNC in patients with migraine with aura (aHR = 5.454, 95% CI = 0.948–26.875; p = 0.264) and without aura (aHR = 2.777, 95% CI = 0.755–8.473; p = 0.118) was revealed. The incidence of non‐nasopharyngeal HNC secondary to migraine (112.79 per 100,000 person‐years) was higher than that of nasopharyngeal cancer secondary to migraine (105.33 per 100,000 person‐years).ConclusionA higher incidence of HNC was observed in a small sample of patients with migraine, especially in those with migraine with aura. Migraine‐associated HNC included non‐nasopharyngeal HNC. Studies with a larger sample are needed to confirm the finding of the high risk of HNC in people with migraine.
Recanalization of portal vein thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation: Efficacy and safety of the transsplenic access
Authors: Cavalcante Aline Cristine Barbosa Santos , Carnevale Francisco César , Zurstrassen Charles Edouard , Pugliese Renata Pereira Sustovich , Moreira Airton Mota , Assis André Moreira , Matushita Junior João Paulo Kawaoka , Danesi Vera Lucia Baggio , Benavides Marcel Albeiro Ruiz , Hirschfeld Adriana Porta M. , Borges Cristian B. V. , Miura Irene Kazue , Porta Gilda , Fonseca Eduardo Antunes , ChapChap Paulo , Neto João Seda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular management of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is challenging. Transsplenic access (TSA) is growing as an access option to the portal system but with higher rates of bleeding complications. The aim of this article is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transsplenic portal vein recanalization (PVR) using a metallic stent after pediatric liver transplantation.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 15 patients with chronic PVT who underwent PVR via TSA between February 2016 and December 2020. Two children who had undergone catheterization of a mesenteric vein tributary by minilaparotomy were excluded from the patency analysis but included in the splenic access analysis. The technical and clinical success of PVR and complications related to the procedure via TSA were evaluated.ResultsThirteen children with PVT were treated primarily using the TSA. The mean age was 4.1 years (range, 1.5–13.7 years), and the most common clinical presentation was hypersplenism (60%). Technically successful PVR was performed in 11/13 (84.6%) children, and clinical success was achieved in 9/11 (81.8%) children. No major complications were observed, and one child presented moderate pain in the TSA (from a total of 17 TSA). The median follow‐up was 48.2 months. The median primary patency was 9.9 months. Primary patency in the first 4 years was 75%, and primary assisted patency was 100% in the follow‐up period.ConclusionsTranssplenic PVR is a safe and effective method for the treatment of PVT after pediatric liver transplantation.
Human leptospirosis: In search for a better vaccine
Authors: Azevedo Isabela Resende , Amamura Thais Akemi , Isaac Lourdes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeptospirosis is a neglected disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira and is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. This pathogen infects humans and other animals, responsible for the most widespread zoonosis in the world, estimated to be responsible for 60 000 deaths and 1 million cases per year. To date, commercial vaccines against human leptospirosis are available only in some countries such as Japan, China, Cuba and France. These vaccines prepared with inactivated Leptospira (bacterins) induce a short‐term and serovar‐specific immune response, with strong adverse side effects. To circumvent these limitations, several research groups are investigating new experimental vaccines in order to ensure that they are safe, efficient, and protect against several pathogenic Leptospira serovars, inducing sterilizing immunity. Most of these protocols use attenuated cultures, preparations after LPS removal, recombinant proteins or DNA from pathogenic Leptospira spp. The aim of this review was to highlight several promising vaccine candidates, considering their immunogenicity, presence in different pathogenic Leptospira serovars, their role in virulence or immune evasion and other factors.
Intergenerational mobility and racial inequality: The case for a more holistic approach
Authors: Easley Janeria A. , Baker Regina S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntergenerational social mobility studies have largely explored the relationship between one aspect of parent background (e.g., education, income, occupational status, wealth, or neighborhood context) and the corresponding aspect of that parent's child once they reach adulthood. Studies examining these various measures have provided differing conclusions about the extent that social origins constrain attainment in the U.S. In contrast, the persistence of racial inequality in intergenerational mobility is one consistent finding. For instance, across various measures, research demonstrates Black individuals are more likely than White individuals to experience downward mobility, and less likely to exceed the socioeconomic standings of their parents. In this article, we argue that a more holistic measure of both origin and destination, one that combines the above‐mentioned indicators, is necessary to advance our understanding of the extent that origin constrains future attainment. We summarize lessons gleaned from one‐dimensional estimates, and from other approaches that either combine some dimensions of socioeconomic background or attempt to capture a more holistic background in other ways. We then make a recommendation for methodological interventions to accomplish this more holistic approach and conclude with research and policy implications.