bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser speckle contrast imaging to predict the effect of temporary spinal cord stimulation in postherpetic neuralgia patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Huang Xiang , Tang Dacheng , Chen Pan , Chen Lumiao , Li Xiaohong , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2023

Temporary spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) can effectively reduce the pain and severity of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). However, there are no effective and objective methods for predicting the effects of tSCS on PHN. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is frequently used in neurology to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. To assess the accuracy of LSCI in predicting the impact of tSCS on PHN, 14 adult patients receiving tSCS treatments for spinal nerve-innervated (C6-T2) PHN participated in this observational study. Visual analog scale (VAS) assessments and LSCI blood flow images of the fingers were recorded after the tSCS procedure. The results showed that the VAS scores of all patients decreased significantly. Moreover, the blood flow index (BFI) values were significantly higher than they were before the procedure. Increased blood flow and pain alleviation were positively correlated. The findings indicated that spinal nerve PHN (C6-T2) was significantly reduced by tSCS. Pain alleviation by tSCS was positively correlated with increased blood flow in the hand. The effect of tSCS on PHN may thus be predicted using an independent and consistent indicator such as LSCI.
Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) Kills Cancer Cells Undergoing Unscheduled Re-replication
Authors: Murai Junko , Ceribelli Michele , Fu Haiqing , Redon Christophe E. , Jo Ukhyun , Murai Yasuhisa , Aladjem Mirit I. , Thomas Craig J. , Pommier Yves 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) is an increasingly prominent predictive biomarker and a molecular sensor for a wide range of clinical drugs: topoisomerases, PARP and replication inhibitors, and platinum derivatives. To expand the spectrum of drugs and pathways targeting SLFN11, we ran a high-throughput screen with 1,978 mechanistically annotated, oncology-focused compounds in two isogenic pairs of SLFN11-proficient and -deficient cells (CCRF-CEM and K562). We identified 29 hit compounds that selectively kill SLFN11-proficient cells, including not only previously known DNA-targeting agents, but also the neddylation inhibitor pevonedistat (MLN-4924) and the DNA polymerase α inhibitor AHPN/CD437, which both induced SLFN11 chromatin recruitment. By inactivating cullin-ring E3 ligases, pevonedistat acts as an anticancer agent partly by inducing unscheduled re-replication through supraphysiologic accumulation of CDT1, an essential factor for replication initiation. Unlike the known DNA-targeting agents and AHPN/CD437 that recruit SLFN11 onto chromatin in 4 hours, pevonedistat recruited SLFN11 at late time points (24 hours). While pevonedistat induced unscheduled re-replication in SLFN11-deficient cells after 24 hours, the re-replication was largely blocked in SLFN11-proficient cells. The positive correlation between sensitivity to pevonedistat and SLFN11 expression was also observed in non-isogenic cancer cells in three independent cancer cell databases (NCI-60, CTRP: Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal and GDSC: Genomic of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer). The present study reveals that SLFN11 not only detects stressed replication but also inhibits unscheduled re-replication induced by pevonedistat, thereby enhancing its anticancer efficacy. It also suggests SLFN11 as a potential predictive biomarker for pevonedistat in ongoing and future clinical trials.
Higher Hospital Frailty Risk Score Is Associated With Increased Risk of Stroke: Observational and Genetic Analyses
Authors: Renedo Daniela , Acosta Julián N. , Koo Andrew B. , Rivier Cyprien , Sujijantarat Nanthiya , de Havenon Adam , Sharma Richa , Gill Thomas M. , Sheth Kevin N. , Falcone Guido J. , Matouk Charles C. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Frailty is a prevalent state associated with several aging-related traits and conditions. The relationship between frailty and stroke remains understudied. Here we aim to investigate whether the hospital frailty risk score (HFRS) is associated with the risk of stroke and determine whether a significant association between genetically determined frailty and stroke exists.

Design:

Observational study using data from
All of Us
research program and Mendelian Randomization analyses.

Methods:

Participants from
All of Us
with available electronic health records were selected for analysis.
All of Us
began national enrollment in 2018 and is expected to continue for at least 10 years.
All of Us
is recruiting members of groups that have traditionally been underrepresented in research. All participants provided informed consent at the time of enrollment, and the date of consent was recorded for each participant. Incident stroke was defined as stroke event happening on or after the date of consent to the
All of Us
study HFRS was measured with a 3-year look-back period before the date of consent for stroke risk. The HFRS was stratified into 4 categories: no-frailty (HFRS=0), low (HFRS ≥1 and <5), intermediate (≥5 and <15), and high (HFRS ≥15). Last, we implemented Mendelian Randomization analyses to evaluate whether genetically determined frailty is associated with stroke risk.

Results:

Two hundred fifty-three thousand two hundred twenty-six participants were at risk of stroke. In multivariable analyses, frailty status was significantly associated with risk of any (ischemic or hemorrhagic) stroke following a dose-response way: not-frail versus low HFRS (HR, 4.9 [CI, 3.5–6.8];
P
<0.001), not-frail versus intermediate HFRS (HR, 11.4 [CI, 8.3–15.7];
P
<0.001) and not-frail versus high HFRS (HR, 42.8 [CI, 31.2–58.6];
P
<0.001). We found similar associations when evaluating ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke separately (
P
value for all comparisons <0.05). Mendelian Randomization confirmed this association by indicating that genetically determined frailty was independently associated with risk of any stroke (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.15–1.84];
P
=0.002).

Conclusions:
Frailty, based on the HFRS was associated with higher risk of any stroke. Mendelian Randomization analyses confirmed this association providing evidence to support a causal relationship.
Introduction to Tomás Maldonado's “The Abstract and the Concrete in Modern Art” and Alfredo Hlito's “Notes toward a Materialist Aesthetics”
Authors: Sullivan Megan A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This introductory study analyzes two key texts from the short-lived Argentine collective, the Asociación Arte Concreto-Invención (Association of Concrete Art-Invention, or AACI). Published in 1946 in the same issue of the group's official organ, they collectively theorize the “co-planar,” the AACI's key contribution to the history of abstract and concrete painting. While Maldonado's text offers a historical reconstruction of the genealogy of the co-planar as the culmination of modernist investigations of the plane and the problem of composition, Hlito's text outlines the understanding of Marxist materialism and dialectics that underpinned this particular take on the task of modernism.
Preconditioning and Intensification of Upstream Extratropical Cyclones through Surface Fluxes
Authors: Demirdjian Reuben , Doyle James D. , Finocchio Peter M. , Reynolds Carolyn A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The influence of the surface latent and surface sensible heat flux on the development and interaction of an idealized extratropical cyclone (termed “primary”) with an upstream cyclone (termed “upstream”) using the Navy’s Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is analyzed. The primary cyclone develops from an initial perturbation to a baroclinically unstable jet stream, while the upstream cyclone results from Rossby wave dispersion at the surface where a bottom-up style development occurs. The intensity of the upstream cyclone is strongly enhanced by surface latent heat fluxes and, to a lesser degree, by surface sensible heat fluxes. Forward trajectories initiated from the postfrontal sector of the primary cyclone travel south of the upstream anticyclone and feed into the atmospheric river and warm conveyor belt region of the upstream cyclone. Substantial moistening of this airstream is a result of upward surface latent heat flux present in both the primary cyclone’s postfrontal sector and along the southern flank of the anticyclone. Backward trajectories initiated from the same region show that these air parcels originate from a broad area north of both the anticyclone and the primary cyclone in the lower troposphere. The airstream identified represents a new pathway through which dry, descending air that is preconditioned through surface moistening enhances the development of an upstream cyclone through diabatically generated potential vorticity.
Constraint of Air–Sea Interaction Significant to Skillful Predictions of North Pacific Climate Variations
Authors: He Yujun , Wang Bin , Fang Jiabei , Yu Yongqiang , Li Lijuan , Liu Juanjuan , Dong Li , Pu Ye , Li Yiyuan , Xu Shiming , Liu Li , Lin Yanluan , Huang Wenyu , Huang Xiaomeng , Wang Yong , Liu Hongbo , Xia Kun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is the most dominant decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and has substantial global impacts. However, the interannual and decadal PDO prediction skills are not satisfactory, which may result from the failure of appropriately including the North Pacific midlatitude air–sea interaction (ASI) in the initialization for climate predictions. Here, we present a novel initialization method with a climate model to crack this nutshell and achieve successful PDO index predictions up to 10 years in advance. This approach incorporates oceanic observations under the constraint of ASI, thus obtaining atmospheric initial conditions (ICs) consistent with oceanic ICs. During predictions, positive atmospheric feedback to sea surface temperature changes and time-delayed negative ocean circulation feedback to the atmosphere over the North Pacific play essential roles in the high PDO index prediction skills. Our findings highlight a great potential of ASI constraints during initialization for skillful PDO predictions.

Significance Statement
The Pacific decadal oscillation is a prominent decadal climate variability over the North Pacific. However, accurately predicting the Pacific decadal oscillation remains a challenge. In this study, we use an advanced initialization method where the oceanic observations are incorporated into a climate model constrained by air–sea interactions. We can successfully predict the Pacific decadal oscillation up to 10 years in advance, which is hardly achieved by the state-of-the-art climate prediction systems. Our results suggest that the constraint of air–sea interaction during initialization is important to skillful predictions of the climate variability on decadal time scales.
Evaluating Contour Band Depth as a Method for Understanding Ensemble Uncertainty
Authors: Santer Henry , Poterjoy Jonathan , McCurry Joshua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Estimating and predicting the state of the atmosphere is a probabilistic problem for which an ensemble modeling approach often is taken to represent uncertainty in the system. Common methods for examining uncertainty and assessing performance for ensembles emphasize pointwise statistics or marginal distributions. However, these methods lose specific information about individual ensemble members. This paper explores contour band depth (cBD), a method of analyzing uncertainty in terms of contours of scalar fields. cBD is fully nonparametric and induces an ordering on ensemble members that leads to box-and-whisker-plot-type visualizations of uncertainty for two-dimensional data. By applying cBD to synthetic ensembles, we demonstrate that it provides enhanced information about the spatial structure of ensemble uncertainty. We also find that the usefulness of the cBD analysis depends on the presence of multiple modes and multiple scales in the ensemble of contours. Finally, we apply cBD to compare various convection-permitting forecasts from different ensemble prediction systems and find that the value it provides in real-world applications compared to standard analysis methods exhibits clear limitations. In some cases, contour boxplots can provide deeper insight into differences in spatial characteristics between the different ensemble forecasts. Nevertheless, identification of outliers using cBD is not always intuitive, and the method can be especially challenging to implement for flow that exhibits multiple spatial scales (e.g., discrete convective cells embedded within a mesoscale weather system).

Significance Statement
Predictions of Earth’s atmosphere inherently come with some degree of uncertainty owing to incomplete observations and the chaotic nature of the system. Understanding that uncertainty is critical when drawing scientific conclusions or making policy decisions from model predictions. In this study, we explore a method for describing model uncertainty when the quantities of interest are well represented by contours. The method yields a quantitative visualization of uncertainty in both the location and the shape of contours to an extent that is not possible with standard uncertainty quantification methods and may eventually prove useful for the development of more robust techniques for evaluating and validating numerical weather models.
Outcomes 1 year after a first episode of psychosis in migrants to the Republic of Ireland
Authors: O’Donoghue Brian , Roche Eric , Lyne John , Renwick Laoise , Clarke Mary 
Published: May 2023

Background: Migration is a robust risk factor for developing a psychotic disorder, yet there is a paucity of research on the outcomes of migrants who develop a psychotic disorder. Identifying sub-groups within FEP cohorts who have a poorer outcome, could assist in the development and delivery of more targeted interventions. Aims: There is a paucity of research on the outcomes of migrants who develop a psychotic disorder. This study aimed to evaluate a broad range of outcomes for those with a FEP who migrated to the Republic of Ireland, including: (i) symptomatic; (ii) functional; (iii) hospitalisation and (iv) engagement with psychosocial services. Methods: All individuals with a FEP aged 18 to 65 who presented between 01.02.2006 and 01.07.2014 were included. Structured and validated instruments were used to measure positive, negative, depressive symptoms and insight. Results: Of the 573 individuals with a FEP, 22.3% were first-generation migrants and 63.4% ( n = 363) were followed up at 1 year. At this time, 72.4% of migrants were in remission of positive psychotic symptoms compared to 78.5% of the Irish born ( OR = 0.84, 95% CI [0.50–1.41], p = .51). In relation to negative symptoms, 60.5% of migrants were in remission compared to 67.2% of the Irish born ( OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.44–1.27], p = .283). There was no difference in the severity of positive, negative or depressive symptoms between groups and there was a trend for the Irish born to have better insight ( p = .056). The functional outcomes were similar across groups. One third of migrants were admitted to hospital compared to 28.7% of the Irish born ( OR = 1.24, 95% CI [0.73–2.13], p = .426). Just over half of both groups attended CBT and 46.2% of caregivers for migrants attended the psychoeducation programme, compared to 39.7% for the Irish born ( OR = 1.30, 95% CI [0.79–2.16], p = .306). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that migrants have broadly similar outcomes to the native-born populations, however there is still considerable scope for the outcomes for all individuals affected by psychotic disorders to be improved.
Variable Levels of Oxytocin During Sepsis: The Role of Oxytocin in Sepsis Pathophysiology
Authors: Yadollahzadeh Mahdi , Rezaie Nader , Eskandari Mohana , Farrokhpour Mohsen , Azimi Mehdi , Farasatinasab Maryam 
Published: May 2023

Background Although the role of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of sepsis is still unknown, rising preclinical evidence suggests that oxytocin is possibly involved. However, no direct clinical studies have measured the levels of oxytocin during sepsis. In this preliminary study, the serum oxytocin levels were evaluated throughout the duration of sepsis. Method Twenty-two male patients over 18 years of age with a SOFA score of 2 points or more who were admitted to the ICU were included. Patients with a history of neuroendocrine, psychiatric, and neurologic disorders, cancer, an infection caused by COVID-19, shock due to reasons other than sepsis, a history of psychiatric or neurologic medication use, and those who died during the study were excluded. The main endpoint included the measurement of serum oxytocin levels using radioimmunoassay at 6, 24, and 48 h of the ICU admission. Results Mean serum oxytocin level was higher at 6 h of ICU admission (41.27 ± 13.14 ng/L) than after 24 and 48 h of ICU admission (22.63 ± 5.75 and 20.97 ± 7.61 ng/L respectively) ( P-value < .001). Conclusion Our study, while reporting increased serum oxytocin levels in the initial phase of sepsis and decline afterward, supports the possible contribution of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Given that oxytocin seems to modulate the innate immune system, future investigations are necessary to assess the potential role of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of sepsis.
Acupuncture modulates development of myopia by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the dopamine-D1R signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Chih-Sheng , Lin Chi-Fong , Chou Yung-Lan , Lee Der-Yen , Tien Peng-Tai , Wang Yao-Chien , Chang Ching-Yao , Lin En-Shyh , Chen Jamie Jiin , Wu Ming-Yen , Ku Hsiangyu , Gan Dekang , Chang Yung-Ming , Lin Hui-Ju , Wan Lei 
Published: May 2023

Background: Dopamine has been suggested to be a stop signal for eye growth and affects the development of myopia. Acupuncture is known to increase dopamine secretion and is widely used to treat myopia clinically. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if acupuncture inhibits myopia progression in form deprived Syrian hamsters by inducing rises in dopamine content that in turn suppress inflammasome activation. Methods: Acupuncture was applied at LI4 and Taiyang every other day for 21 days. The levels of molecules associated with the dopamine signaling pathway, inflammatory signaling pathway and inflammasome activation were determined. A dopamine agonist (apomorphine) was used to evaluate if activation of the dopaminergic signaling pathway suppresses myopia progression by inhibiting inflammasome activation in primary retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. A dopamine receptor 1 (D1R) inhibitor (SCH39166) was also administered to the hamsters. Results: Acupuncture inhibited myopia development by increasing dopamine levels and activating the D1R signaling pathway. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation was inhibited by activation of the D1R signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that acupuncture inhibits myopia development by suppressing inflammation, which is initiated by activation of the dopamine—D1R signaling pathway.
Post-pandemic Change in Women’s Online Buying Preferences
Authors: Punitha S. Arokia , Jeronsia J. Emima , Saranya A. 
Published: May 2023

Many people’s lifestyles and goals have altered as a result of the pandemic, and their buying habits have shifted as well. The goal of this study is to determine the post-pandemic change in women’s online buying preferences. The study influenced the influence of the pandemic on e-commerce across industries to discover online women consumers’ priorities in online buying preferences. Shopping got more comfortable for consumers as a result of the availability of more digital touch points and an increase in the available time. Still, it also became more challenging for marketers to keep track of everything. Customers are continually exposed to the option to make purchases, whether on social media, reading their email, or watching YouTube videos. Because of this, marketers must create an Omni channel presence to be at the front of consumers’ minds wherever they are. Spearman correlation, ANOVA, and percentage analysis have been used for the statistical analysis. The study found that people anticipate a wide variety of alternative payment choices from online shopping as they do more and more of their shopping online. Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) industry is growing alongside general e-commerce as a whole. Nowadays, consumers expect everything to be delivered to their doorsteps. Millennials and Gen Z consumers continue to rely on influencers for product discovery and deciding which brands to believe in. Specifically, consumers now often look for recommendations from social media influencers who could only have a limited, niche audience. As consumers increasingly opt for digital channels for browsing and buying, brands need to make sure that their digital experience is on par with what someone would get in the store.
Simultaneous Furlow Palatoplasty and Tonsillectomy for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and Tonsillar Hypertrophy
Authors: Pencek Megan , Butterfield James , Escandón Joseph M. , Sweitzer Keith , Smith Hannah , Catanzaro Michael , Marrinan Eileen , Morrison Clinton 
Published: May 2023

Objective To determine whether performing tonsillectomy at the time of Furlow palatoplasty for the treatment of cleft palate related velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) incurs increased surgical complications or compromises speech outcomes. Design A retrospective review of patients who had Furlow palatoplasty and the outcomes of surgery in the treatment of cleft palate related VPI. Setting A single academic center between January 2015 and January 2022. Participants Patients with submucous cleft (SMC) palate or patients with prior straight line primary palatoplasty presenting with VPI. Interventions Simultaneous conversion Furlow palatoplasty and tonsillectomy. Main Outcome Measure(s) Primary outcome measures include preoperative and postoperative Modified Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scale (mPWSS), and postoperative surgical complications. Results Eight patients (25%) underwent Furlow palatoplasty and concomitant tonsillectomy, while 24 patients (75%) underwent Furlow palatoplasty alone. A significantly lower median postoperative mPWSS score, corresponding to better velopharyngeal function, was reported for patients in the Furlow-tonsillectomy group (0, IQR 0-0) compared to the Furlow only group (1, IQR 0–9, p  =  0.046). No surgical complications were encountered in either group. Five patients (20.8%) in the Furlow only group required subsequent surgery for persistent VPI. No patients in the Furlow-tonsillectomy group required additional surgical treatment for VPI (0%, p  =  0.16). Conclusions Tonsillectomy at time of Furlow palatoplasty is utilized in patients with both VPI and baseline tonsillar hypertrophy to lessen the risk of postoperative obstructive breathing. Tonsillectomy performed concurrently with Furlow palatoplasty is safe, without increased risk of surgical complications, and does not compromise post-Furlow palatoplasty speech outcomes