bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the mechanism of mycelium transformation of streptomyces toxytricini into pellet
Authors: Kumar Punit , Yadav Khushboo , Rajput Deepanshi , Dubey Kashyap Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Formation of the mycelial pellet in submerged cultivation of Streptomycetes is unwanted in industrial fermentation processes as it imposes mass transfer limitations, changes in the rheology of a medium, and affects the production of secondary metabolites. Though detailed information is not available about the factors involved in regulating mycelial morphology, it is studied that culture conditions and genetic information of strain play a crucial role. Moreover, the proteomic study has revealed the involvement of low molecular weight proteins such as; DivIVA, FilP, ParA, Scy, and SsgA proteins in apical growth and branching of hyphae which results in the establishment of the mycelial network. The present study proposes the mechanism of pellet formation of Streptomyces toxytricini (NRRL B-5426) with the help of microscopic and proteomic analysis. The microscopic analysis revealed that growing hyphae contain a bud-like structure behind the apical tip, which follows a certain organized path of growth and branching, which was further converted into the pellet when shake flask to the shake flask inoculation was performed. Proteomic analysis revealed the production of low molecular weight proteins ranging between 20-95 kDa, which are involved in apical growth and hyphae branching, and can possibly participate in the regulation of pellet morphology.
Satisfaction With Children’s Achievements and Health Outcomes in a Sample of Community Older Adults in Nigeria
Authors: Olawa Babatola Dominic 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In most African societies with little or no social welfare services for older adults, many parents regard their children as personal investments and security for the future. As a result, satisfaction with children’s achievements may be necessary for older parents’ physical and mental health. This study examined the association between satisfaction with adult children’s achievements (SACA) and health outcomes (regarding somatic health, self-rated health, anxiety, and depression) in a sample of Nigerian older adults.

Research Design and Methods
By using the multistage sampling technique in a cross-sectional survey, 465 older adults (mean age = 74.18 ± 9.42) consisting of 294 women were selected from 14 rural communities in a State in Nigeria. Data were collected using validated instruments and analyzed using multiple linear regression and multigroup analyses in SPSS AMOS.

Results
High SACA was significantly associated with low somatic health problems, positive self-rated health, and low levels of anxiety and depression, even after controlling for sociodemographic factors, children’s support, social engagement, and loneliness. Further analyses indicated that the relationship between SACA and depression was only significant in women and more robust in the widowed. Also, SACA was associated with somatic health among the married but not the widowed. The level of children’s support was not a significant moderator.

Discussion and Implications
Parents can experience positive emotions and, consequently, good health from being satisfied with their children’s achievements regardless of perceived children’s support. Assessing SACA may aid in better diagnoses and formulation of a more effective clinical intervention to improve the well-being of older adults in developing societies.
Multifaceted roles of LhWRKY44 in promoting anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.)
Authors: Bi Mengmeng , Liang Rui , Wang Jiawen , Qu Yuxiao , Liu Xin , Cao Yuwei , He Guoren , Yang Yue , Yang Panpan , Xu Leifeng , Ming Jun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Asiatic hybrid lily (Lilium spp.) is a horticultural crop with high commercial value and diverse anthocyanin pigmentation patterns. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying lily flower color has been largely unexplored. Here, we identified a WRKY transcription factor from lily tepals, LhWRKY44, whose expression was closely associated with anthocyanin accumulation. Functional verification indicated that LhWRKY44 positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation. LhWRKY44 physically interacted with LhMYBSPLATTER and directly bound to the LhMYBSPLATTER promoter, which enhanced the effect of the LhMYBSPLATTER-LhbHLH2 MBW complex activator on anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, EMSA and dual-luciferase assays revealed that LhWRKY44 activated and bound to the promoters of gene LhF3H and the intracellular anthocyanin-related glutathione S-transferase gene LhGST. Interestingly, our further results showed that LhWRKY44 participated in light and drought-induced anthocyanin accumulation, and improved the drought tolerance in lily via activating stress-related genes. These results generated a multifaceted regulatory mechanism for the LhWRKY44-meditaed enhancement by the environmental signal pathway of anthocyanin accumulation and expanded our understanding of the WRKY-mediated transcriptional regulatory hierarchy modulating anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies.
Who Gets Sick From COVID-19? Sociodemographic Correlates of Severe Adult Health Outcomes During Alpha- and Delta-Variant Predominant Periods: September 2020–November 2021
Authors: Wei Stanley C , Freeman Dane , Himschoot Austin , Clarke Kristie E N , Van Dyke Miriam E , Adjemian Jennifer , Ahmad Farida B , Benoit Tina J , Berney Kevin , Gundlapalli Adi V , Hall Aron J , Havers Fiona , Henley S Jane , Hilton Charity , Johns Dylan , Opsomer Jean D , Pham Huong T , Stuckey Matthew J , Taylor Christopher A , Jones Jefferson M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Because COVID-19 case data do not capture most SARS-CoV-2 infections, the actual risk of severe disease and death per infection is unknown. Integrating sociodemographic data into analysis can show consequential health disparities.

Methods
Data were merged from September 2020 to November 2021 from 6 national surveillance systems in matched geographic areas and analyzed to estimate numbers of COVID-19–associated cases, emergency department visits, and deaths per 100 000 infections. Relative risks of outcomes per infection were compared by sociodemographic factors in a data set including 1490 counties from 50 states and the District of Columbia, covering 71% of the US population.

Results
Per infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19–related morbidity and mortality were higher among non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native persons, non-Hispanic Black persons, and Hispanic or Latino persons vs non-Hispanic White persons; males vs females; older people vs younger; residents in more socially vulnerable counties vs less; those in large central metro areas vs rural; and people in the South vs the Northeast.

Discussion
Meaningful disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality per infection were associated with sociodemography and geography. Addressing these disparities could have helped prevent the loss of tens of thousands of lives.
High-grain diet feeding alters ileal microbiota and disrupts bile acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Lai Zheng , Zhan Xiaoxiu , Lin Limei , Zhang Jiyou , Qi Weibiao , Yang Huisheng , Mao Shengyong , Jin Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolic homeostasis, but little is known about their metabolism in dairy cows fed a high-grain (HG) diet. In the present study, we examined the bacterial community, BA profile, and the FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway in the ileum and liver to investigate the gut microbe-BA metabolism interactions response to HG diet and the changes in the subsequent enterohepatic circulation of dairy cows. The results showed that the ileal bacterial community was altered, with an increase of Paraclostridium, Anaerobutyricum, Shuttleworthia, and Stomatobaculum in the relative abundance in the HG group. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the abundance of total bacteria and bacterial bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) genes was increased in the ileal digesta in the HG group. Meanwhile, HG feeding also decreased the total BA content in the digesta of jejunum and ileum and in feces. HG feeding altered the BA profile in the ileal digesta by increasing unconjugated BAs and decreasing conjugated BAs. In addition, the intestinal FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway was activated. The expression of CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) was depressed, which inhibited BAs synthesis in the liver of cows fed HG. Overall, HG feeding altered the ileal bacterial community and BA profile, and activated FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway, resulting in a decrease of BA level in the ileal digesta via the inhibition of hepatic BA synthesis. The findings provided novel insights into understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and the homeostasis of BAs in dairy cows fed a HG diet.
Anthropogenic uranium signatures in turtles, tortoises, and sea turtles from nuclear sites
Authors: Conrad Cyler , Inglis Jeremy , Wende Allison , Sanborn Matthew , Mukundan Nilesh , Price Allison , Tenner Travis , Wurth Kimberly , Naes Benjamin , Fair Jeanne , Middlebrook Earl , Gaukler Shannon , Whicker Jeffrey , Gerard Jamie L , Aguilera Washington Tapia , Gibbs James P , Wolf Blair , Kattil-deBrum Tonie K , Hagemann Molly , Seminoff Jeffrey A , Brys Timothy , Brown Rafe , Derieg Katrina M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chelonians (turtles, tortoises, and sea turtles) grow scute keratin in sequential layers over time. Once formed, scute keratin acts as an inert reservoir of environmental information. For chelonians inhabiting areas with legacy or modern nuclear activities, their scute has the potential to act as a time-stamped record of radionuclide contamination in the environment. Here, we measure bulk (i.e. homogenized scute) and sequential samples of chelonian scute from the Republic of the Marshall Islands and throughout the United States of America, including at the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range, southwestern Utah, the Savannah River Site, and the Oak Ridge Reservation. We identify legacy uranium (235U and 236U) contamination in bulk and sequential chelonian scute that matches known nuclear histories at these locations during the 20th century. Our results confirm that chelonians bioaccumulate uranium radionuclides and do so sequentially over time. This technique provides both a time series approach for reconstructing nuclear histories from significant past and present contexts throughout the world and the ability to use chelonians for long-term environmental monitoring programs (e.g. sea turtles at Enewetok and Bikini Atolls in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and in Japan near the Fukushima Daiichi reactors).
Timing of Colposcopy and Risk of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Alimena Stephanie , Lykken Jacquelyn M. , Tiro Jasmin A. , Chubak Jessica , Kamineni Aruna , Haas Jennifer S. , Werner Claudia , Kobrin Sarah C. , Feldman Sarah 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To quantify the association between time to colposcopy and risk of subsequent cervical cancer.

METHODS:
A longitudinal analysis of patients aged 21–79 years with an abnormal cervical cancer test result from health care systems in Texas, Massachusetts, and Washington was performed. The outcome was a cervical cancer diagnosis 12 months or more after the abnormal result. The primary analysis compared receipt of colposcopy within 3 months (91 days or less) with receipt of colposcopy at 3–12 months (92–365 days) and no colposcopy within 12 months of the abnormal test result; post hoc analyses compared colposcopy within 12 months (365 days or less) with no colposcopy within 12 months. Associations were assessed with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for age, risk status, result severity, and health care system.

RESULTS:
Of 17,541 patients, 53.3% of patients received colposcopy within 3 months, 22.2% received colposcopy in 3–12 months, and 24.6% had no colposcopy within 12 months. One hundred forty-seven patients were diagnosed with cervical cancer within 12 months and removed from subsequent analyses. Sixty-five patients (0.4%) were diagnosed with cervical cancer more than 1 year (366 days or more) after the abnormal Pap or human papillomavirus test result. The risk of cervical cancer detection more than 1 year after the abnormal test result was not different in patients who received colposcopy within 3–12 months (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% CI 0.54–2.12) and higher among patients with no colposcopy within 12 months (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.33–4.14) compared with patients who had colposcopy within 3 months. Post hoc analyses showed that the risk of cervical cancer diagnosis was 2.29-fold higher among those without colposcopy within 12 months compared with those who received colposcopy within 12 months (95% CI 1.37–3.83); among patients with high-grade cytology results, the risk of cervical cancer detection among those without colposcopy within 12 months was 3.12-fold higher compared with those who received colposcopy within 12 months (95% CI 1.47–6.70).

CONCLUSION:
There was no difference in cervical cancer risk at more than 1 year between patients who received colposcopy within 3 months compared with those who received colposcopy within 3–12 months of an abnormal result. Patients who did not receive colposcopy within 12 months of an abnormal result had a higher risk of subsequent cervical cancer compared with those who received a colposcopy within 12 months.
Psoriasis increases retinal vein occlusion risk in diabetic patients: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lee Mee Yon , Han Kyungdo , Koo Ha Yeh Rin , Yu Dong Soo , Lee Young Bok 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The objective of this research is to explore how psoriasis is linked to the occurrence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in diabetic population.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study that examined medical records from January 2009 to December 2012. The study focused on patients ≥ 20 years of age who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We compared the incidence rate of RVO between a group of patients with psoriasis and a group of patients without psoriasis until December 2018 in all subjects.

Results:
Of 2,745,689 type 2 DM patients, 23,725 patients were classified in the psoriasis group, and the rest of 2,547,121 individuals in the control group. A total of 497 RVO cases occurred in psoriasis group (3.14 per 1000 person-years) and 42,388 RVO cases in controls (2.44 per 1000 person-years). According to multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, individuals with psoriasis had a significantly greater risk of developing RVO compared to controls (hazard ratio: 1.216, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.33) after adjustments for covariates.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that psoriasis was an independent risk factor for developing RVO in DM patients. Therefore, physicians need to be vigilant for the occurrence of RVO in DM patients who also have psoriasis.
Ups and downs in PCSK9 inhibition in the cardiovascular arena: a review
Authors: McClintick Daniel J. , Giugliano Robert P. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
This article reviews PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) with a focus on clinically relevant studies published in the last 18 months.

Recent findings
Prespecified subgroup evaluations, secondary analyses, and open-label extension studies from the two landmark trials, FOURIER and ODYSSEY Outcomes, have provided new data on the safety and efficacy of the monoclonal PCSK9 antibodies evolocumab and alirocumab. Recent studies of PCSK9i early in ACS and post percutaneous coronary intervention have explored early effects on biomarkers and plaque morphology with various imaging modalities. Two large outcome trials with PCSK9i in lower risk patients without prior myocardial infarction or stroke are ongoing and could expand the eligible population for these potent therapies. Additionally, novel methods to inhibit PCSK9 using oral administration, vaccination, and gene therapy are in various stages of clinical development.

Summary
PCSK9i represent a potent class of lipid-lowering therapies that are well tolerated and effective in a wide group of patients with high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Ongoing studies of PCSK9i in patients at lower risk and with acute myocardial infarction have the potential to broaden their indication. Alternative methods of PCSK9i are being evaluated and could provide easier and less expensive options for this important class of medication.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer after neo-adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and surgery: A retrospective study in Vietnamese patients
Authors: Tran Thang , Van Nguyen Huy , Thi Nguyen Hoa , Van Nguyen Hung 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Advances in preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgical techniques offered improvements in rates of locoregional recurrence but did not address distant metastasis. Traditionally, adjuvant chemotherapy has been administered with the goal of limiting systemic recurrences.

Objective:
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery.

Methods:
From January 2017 to December 2018, 103 patients diagnosed with clinical stage II or III rectal cancer received adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine or XELOX regimens after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and total mesorectal excision. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and toxicity were analyzed.

Results:
The median follow-up time was 52.5 months (6.5–66.8 months). The mean 3-year disease-free survival and 3-year overall survival were 86.2% (95% CI: 82.8–89.6) and 92.2% (95% CI: 86.9–97.5), respectively. The rate of hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity was low, mostly grades 1 and 2 including anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and liver enzymes elevations were 85.4, 50.5, 42.8, and 45.6%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The capecitabine and XELOX regimen in adjuvant settings for rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery was a safe and effective modality. Further randomized trials need to be conducted to evaluate the role of postoperative therapy for these individuals.
Velopharyngeal Function Change after 2-Jaw Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Cleft: A Study of 162 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Su Chun-Lin , Pai Betty C. J. , Wang Shu-Hui , Yun Claudia , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Orthognathic surgery (OGS) is a common intervention used to correct midfacial hypoplasia in patients with cleft. Previous studies have reported that Le Fort I maxillary advancement may affect velopharyngeal function, but similar investigations focusing on 2-jaw OGS have not been conducted.

Methods:
A total of 162 consecutive patients with cleft lip and palate who underwent 2-jaw OGS between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled. Clinical data were collected, and preoperative and postoperative skeletal measurements were obtained from cephalometric images. Velopharyngeal function was evaluated using perceptual analysis and nasopharyngoscopy. A logistic regression model was used for risk factors associated with changes in velopharyngeal function.

Results:
After 2-jaw OGS, 82.1% of patients showed no change in velopharyngeal function, 3.7% experienced improvement, and 14.2% exhibited worsening of function. Changes in velopharyngeal function were statistically significant compared with velopharyngeal status before OGS. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the amount of maxillary advancement independently predicted the deterioration of velopharyngeal function after OGS (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.20–2.52; P = 0.004). The receiver operating characteristic curve based on maxillary advancement demonstrated good discrimination, with an area under the curve of 0.727 (95% CI, 0.62–0.83; P = 0.001). The Youden index was 4.27 mm.

Conclusions:
Despite the risk of velopharyngeal function deterioration in patients with cleft palate undergoing OGS, some individuals experienced improved function after 2-jaw OGS. The extent of maxillary advancement has a negative effect on velopharyngeal function.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Duhuo Jisheng Decoction Regulates Intracellular Zinc Homeostasis by Enhancing Autophagy via PTEN/Akt/mTOR to Improve Knee Cartilage Degeneration
Authors: Wang Ye-Hui , Zhou Yi , Gao Xiang , Sun Sheng , Xie Yi-Zhou , Hu You-Peng , Fu Yang , Fan Xiao-Hong , Xie Quan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundArticular cartilage degeneration as well as cartilage matrix degradation is one of the key pathological changes in the early stage of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, currently, there are limited early prevention and treatment options available. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) is a formula fromBei Ji Qian jin Yao Fangcompiled by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty of China. As a complementary therapy, it is widely used to treat early-stage KOA in China, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated.ObjectiveThis study is aiming at investigating the potential role and mechanism of DHJSD in protecting cartilage from degradation.MethodsThe mechanism of DHJSD in alleviating OA was explored by gene silencing technology combined with a series of functional experiments in primary rat chondrocytes. Next, 25 wistar rats were used to validate the results obtainedin vitro. The PTEN, Akt, mTOR, MMP13, Zn, collagen II, autophagy and apoptosis were determined.ResultsDHJSD reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR and the expression of zinc, MMP13, Bax and Bcl2. DHJSD increased the level of autophagy and the expression of autophagy proteins LC3 and Beclin1. After silencing PTEN gene, the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR and the effects of Bax, Bcl2, LC3 and Beclin1 were weakened by DHJSD. DHJSD increased the formation of autophagosomes in chondrocytes. Histopathological staining revealed that DHJSD had a protective effect on cartilage.ConclusionDHJSD inhibits Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by targeting PTEN to promote autophagy in chondrocytes, which may be closely to repress the formation of MMP-13 by regulating the level of zinc in chondrocytes.
Structural basis for the ligand recognition and signaling of free fatty acid receptors
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Guseinov Abdul-Akim , Jenkins Laura , Li Kunpeng , Tikhonova Irina G. , Milligan Graeme , Zhang Cheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFree fatty acid receptors 1-4 (FFA1-4) are class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). FFA1-3 share substantial sequence similarity whereas FFA4 is unrelated. Despite this FFA1 and FFA4 are activated by the same range of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) whilst FFA2 and FFA3 are instead activated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated by the intestinal microbiota. Each of FFA1, 2 and 4 are promising targets for novel drug development in metabolic and inflammatory conditions. To gain insights into the basis of ligand interactions with, and molecular mechanisms underlying activation of, FFAs by LCFAs and SCFAs, we determined the active structures of FFA1 and FFA4 bound to the polyunsaturated LCFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), FFA4 bound to the synthetic agonist TUG-891, as well as SCFA butyrate-bound FFA2, each complexed with an engineered heterotrimeric Gqprotein (miniGq), by cryo-electron microscopy. Together with computational simulations and mutagenesis studies, we elucidated the similarities and differences in the binding modes of fatty acid ligands with varying chain lengths to their respective GPCRs. Our findings unveil distinct mechanisms of receptor activation and G protein coupling. We anticipate that these outcomes will facilitate structure-based drug development and underpin future research to understand allosteric modulation and biased signaling of this group of GPCRs.