bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions to improve the mental health or mental well-being of migrants and ethnic minority groups in Europe: A scoping review
Authors: Apers Hanne , Van Praag Lore , Nöstlinger Christiana , Agyemang Charles 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In Europe, migrants and ethnic minority groups are at greater risk for mental disorders compared to the general population. However, little is known about which interventions improve their mental health and well-being and about their underlying mechanisms that reduce existing mental health inequities. To fill this gap, the aim of this scoping review was to synthesise the available evidence on health promotion, prevention, and non-medical treatment interventions targeting migrants and ethnic minority populations. By mapping and synthesising the findings, including facilitators and barriers for intervention uptake, this scoping review provides valuable insights for developing future interventions. We used the PICo strategy and PRISMA guidelines to select peer-reviewed articles assessing studies on interventions. In total, we included 27 studies and synthesised the results based on the type of intervention, intervention mechanisms and outcomes, and barriers and facilitators to intervention uptake. We found that the selected studies implemented tailored interventions to reach these specific populations who are at risk due to structural inequities such as discrimination and racism, stigma associated with mental health, language barriers, and problems in accessing health care. The majority of interventions showed a positive effect on participants’ mental health, indicating the importance of using a tailored approach. We identified three main successful mechanisms for intervention development and implementation: a sound theory-base, systematic adaption to make interventions culturally sensitive and participatory approaches. Moreover, this review indicates the need to holistically address social determinants of health through intersectoral programming to promote and improve mental health among migrants and ethnic minority populations. We identified current shortcomings and knowledge gaps within this field: rigorous intervention studies were scarce, there was a large diversity regarding migrant population groups and few studies evaluated the interventions’ (cost-)effectiveness.
Sethoxydim performance on torpedograss (Panicum repens) and sand cordgrass (Spartina bakeri) as affected by carrier volume and rate
Authors: Sperry Benjamin P. , Enloe Stephen F. , Prince Candice M. , Durham Michael W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGreenhouse experiments were conducted in 2020 to investigate the effects of carrier volume and sethoxydim rate on torpedograss (Panicum repens L.) control and sand cordgrass (Spartina bakeri Merr.) response from a single application. Panicum repens control and biomass reduction generally increased with increasing sethoxydim rates in evaluations at 14, 28, and 42 d after treatment (DAT); however, increasing the rate to 2X the maximum labeled rate did not always result in increased efficacy. In the first experimental run, which consisted of small plants, P. repens control and biomass reductions were largely similar among tested carrier volumes (37, 187, and 935 L ha−1). However, in run 2, which consisted of larger, mature P. repens plants, efficacy increased when carrier volume was reduced. Spartina bakeri injury increased with sethoxydim rate, reaching a maximum of 45% by 42 DAT. However, no differences in S. bakeri injury among carrier volumes were observed at 14 and 28 DAT evaluations. Spartina bakeri aboveground biomass reductions were also largely driven by sethoxydim rate increases rather than reduced carrier volumes, reaching 40% to 50% reduction in initial aboveground biomass. However, S. bakeri belowground biomass was 20% to 32% greater in treatments applied at 37 or 187 L ha−1 compared with those at 935 L ha−1. Overall, these data suggest that selective P. repens control with sethoxydim may be enhanced through reducing carrier volumes from 935 L ha−1 and that native, perennial, caespitose grasses may exhibit greater tolerance to sethoxydim compared with the rhizomatous P. repens. Future research should further test these hypotheses under field conditions at operational scales.
Policing, citizenship and the civil courts: how increased settlement of civil claims has impacted police accountability
Authors: Torrible Clare 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is recognised that civil litigation has a place within the police accountability infrastructure. However, the role of actions against the police for wrongful arrest, false imprisonment, assault, and malicious prosecution (hereafter police actions) is underexplored. Taking citizenship as its analytical frame, this paper probes the relationship between police actions and the police complaints and discipline system over the last 60 years. Its primary focus is the Court of Appeal decision Thompson v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, Hsu v Same [1998] QB 498 (Thompson). Here the potential for police actions to expose questionable police responses to officer misconduct, and failings in external oversight mechanisms, came into conflict with the drive towards proportionate civil justice. In prioritising the latter, Thompson increased police autonomy over settlement of police actions, thereby deprioritising the role of the courts in demarcating the limits of state interference with citizens’ rights. It is not suggested that Thompson should be overruled. Instead, it is contended that recognising the impact of the decision on subsequent reforms to police accountability processes and contemporary conceptions of the police-citizen relationship is crucial to understanding the roots of current disquiet concerning police accountability (and therefore to the development of meaningful reforms).
Incapacitous patients, assisted reproductive technology, and the importance of informed consent
Authors: Cherkassky Lisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe principle of self-determination has gained significant judicial support over the last three decades, and the choice to procreate using assisted reproductive technology is a clear example of our right to choose a treatment that enhances our personal lives. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (as amended in 2008) stipulates that each party must give written, informed consent to ensure that our reproductive materials are used within strict parameters. However, the growing number of posthumous conception cases in several jurisdictions has raised concerns, particularly in situations where gametes are extracted from incapacitous patients without their consent, leading to posthumous parenthood. The landmark case of Y v A Healthcare NHS Trust [2018] EWCOP 18 caused significant concern when it authorised the retrieval, storage and use of sperm from a suspected brain stem dead man for procreative purposes under the Mental Capacity Act 2005. It has never been known to be in the ‘best interests’ of a patient who lacks capacity to procreate in English law, and the consequences of this decision could be highly significant, raising questions about the exploitation of incapacitous patients and the misuse of genetic material. The decision has since been confirmed as the correct approach by the Court of Protection in Re X (Catastrophic Injury: Collection and Storage of Sperm) [2022] EWCOP 48, and a public consultation has now been opened by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. This paper examines the rigorous consent regime of the 1990 Act and the ethical complexities of retrieving gametes from incapacitous patients for procreative purposes. It will be determined that the 1990 Act's preference for a rigorous consent regime for public policy reasons is appropriate, and any alternative forms of consent could open a slippery slope to the unethical use of vulnerable individuals for their reproductive materials.
A vaccination romance: Rider Haggard’s Dr. Therne (1898) in the vaccination debate
Authors: Broad Juliana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHenry Rider Haggard, the famed author of adventure romances, wrote the novel Dr. Therne (1898) in response to weakening compulsory smallpox vaccination laws, thus entering one of the most heated debates of the late nineteenth century. With Dr. Therne, Haggard aimed to intervene in the lives of the many working-class anti-vaccinationists who, from the 1850s onwards, mobilised to evade what they perceived as a gross – and targeted – extension of state power at the expense of individual rights. Recovering the novel, which has not yet received scholarly attention from historians of medicine, reveals the way fiction was called upon to change minds during a crucial period of Victorian medicine, one that witnessed a climactic shift in public health intervention. This article will examine the reception of Dr. Therne in various print media – middle-class London papers, medical journals and working-class, anti-vaccinationist publications – to consider some new dynamics of the debate which the disagreement over Haggard’s polemic exposes, including the perceived power of fiction (when properly priced and distributed) to change minds, and the contested role of the evangelical press. Additionally, a discussion of the different iterations of Dr. Therne, and a look at an exceptional anti-vaccinationist response in the form of a competing novel, illustrates that pro- and anti-vaccinationists alike contributed to a moment in late Victorian society when the role of fiction was considered a worthy contender in a debate ostensibly about fact.
Post-operative vestibular and equilibrium evaluation in patients with cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistulas
Authors: Peng Q , Liu K , Wang M , Zhou C , Zhang S , Liu Y , Xie B 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the pre- and post-operative vestibular and equilibrium functions of patients with cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistulas who underwent different management methods.MethodsData from 49 patients with cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistulas who underwent one of three surgical procedures were retrospectively analysed. The three management options were fistula repair, obliteration and canal occlusion.ResultsPatients underwent fistula repair (n = 8), canal occlusion (n = 18) or obliteration procedures (n = 23). Patients in the fistula repair and canal occlusion groups suffered from post-operative vertigo and imbalance, which persisted for longer than in those in the obliteration group. Despite receiving different management strategies, all patients achieved complete recovery of equilibrium functions through persistent efforts in rehabilitation exercises.ConclusionComplete removal of the cholesteatoma matrix overlying the fistula is reliable for preventing iatrogenic hearing deterioration due to unremitting labyrinthitis. Thus, among the three fistula treatments, obliteration is the optimal method for preserving post-operative vestibular functions.
NT-proBNP levels as a predictor of higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in children with small perimembranous ventricular septal defect
Authors: Apandi Putria R. , Djer Mulyadi M. , Kuswiyanto Rahmat B. , Wijaya Elrika A. , Artiko Bagus , Rahayuningsih Sri E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroduction:The decision to close small ventricular septal defect is still controversial. Previous study showed that ventricular dysfunction in adulthood is correlated with small perimembranous ventricular septal defect. N terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a neurohormone secreted primarily from the ventricles in response to increased left and right ventricular pressure and volume load. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure will reflect ventricular performance. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the NT-proBNP in children with small perimembranous ventricular septal defect.Materials and Methods:Level of NT-proBNP in 41 patients with small perimembranous ventricular septal defect was measured before transcatheter closure procedure. We also measured the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in each patients during catheterisation. We investigated the value of NT-proBNP in patients with small perimembranous ventricular septal defect and its correlation with the level of left ventricular end-diastolic pressureResult:We found positive correlation between NT-proBNP and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.278, p = 0.046). The median of NT-proBNP at left ventricular end-diastolic pressure < 10 was lower than at left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ≥ 10 (0.87 ng/ml versus 1.83 ng/ml, p = 0.023). The results of the NT-proBNP diagnostic test for predicting left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ≥ 10 using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the area under the curve value of 0.715 (95% CI: 0.546–0.849). The cut-off value >0.99 ng/ml of NT-proBNP has 75.0% sensitivity and 72.2% specifity.Conclusion:Level of NT-proBNP higher than 0.99 ng/ml was correlated significantly with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ≥10 in children with small perimembranous ventricular septal defect.
Coronary artery dilation associated with bicuspid and unicuspid aortic valve disease in children: a series of 17 patients
Authors: Robinson David L. , Minich L. LuAnn , Menon Shaji C. , Ou Zhining , Eckhauser Aaron W. , Ware Adam L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Coronary artery dilation associated with bicuspid/unicuspid aortic valves is described in adults with limited data in children. We aimed to describe the clinical course of children with bicuspid/unicuspid aortic valves and coronary dilation including coronary Z-score changes over time, association of coronary changes with aortic valve anatomy/function, and complications.Materials and methods:Institutional databases were searched for children ≤18 years with both bicuspid/unicuspid aortic valves and coronary dilation (1/2006-6/2021). Kawasaki disease and isolated supra-/subvalvar aortic stenosis were excluded. Statistics were descriptive with associations measured by Fisher’s exact test and overlapping 83.7% confidence intervals.Results:Of 17 children, bicuspid/unicuspid aortic valve was diagnosed at birth in 14 (82%). Median age at coronary dilation diagnosis was 6.4 years (range: 0-17.0). Aortic stenosis was present in 14 (82%) [2 (14%) moderate, 8 (57%) severe]; 10 (59%) had aortic regurgitation; 8 (47%) had aortic dilation. The right coronary was dilated in 15 (88%), left main in 6 (35%), and left anterior descending in 1 (6%) with no relationship between leaflet fusion pattern or severity of aortic regurgitation/stenosis on coronary Z-score. Follow-up evaluations were available for 11 (mean 9.3 years, range 1.1–14.8) with coronary Z-scores increasing in 9/11 (82%). Aspirin was used in 10 (59%). There were no deaths or coronary artery thrombosis.Discussion:In children with bicuspid/unicuspid aortic valves and coronary dilation, the right coronary artery was most frequently involved. Coronary dilation was observed in early childhood and frequently progressed. Antiplatelet medication use was inconsistent, but no child died nor developed thrombosis.
Cardiac side effects of propranolol in infants treated for infantile haemangiomas
Authors: Maliqari Numila , Duka Enkeleda , Kuneshka Loreta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectives:This study aims to add proof to the safety profile of propranolol as first-line choice in treating infantile haemangiomas, in particular related to its cardiac side effects the main hindering reason for parents and physicians to start and comply with treatment.Method:This is a prospective observational and analytic study with a sample of 476 patients diagnosed with infantile haemangioma and treated with systemic propranolol during the time interval January 2011 to December 2021. We studied clinical propranolol adverse events experienced in hospital or outpatient and measured the impact of propranolol on blood pressure and heart rate.Results:This study showed that symptomatic adverse events caused by propranolol were mild and severe adverse events were rare. The most common clinical side effects were paleness, sweating, reduced feeding, and agitation. Only in 28 (5.9%) cases these symptoms were severe enough to review treatment, 1.8% had severe respiratory symptoms, 2.7% experienced hypoglycaemia, and 1.2% had heart-related symptoms. Mean blood pressure reduction with treatment was statistically significant only after achieving the maintenance dose 2 mg/kg body weight. Blood pressure under the 5th percentile was registered in 2.9% of cases, but only four patients had symptomatic hypotension. While heart rate reduction was noticed with the first dose, only two experienced symptomatic bradycardia.Conclusion:We conclude that propranolol is not only an excellent drug in treating infantile haemangioma, but it has also a very safe profile, with mild side effects and very rare severe cardiac adverse events, easily overcome with treatment interruption.
Association of breakfast skipping with habitual dietary intake and BMI in female rotating shift workers
Authors: Yoshizaki Takahiro , Komatsu Taiki , Tada Yuki , Togo Fumiharu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:Higher BMI, lower quality of diet and a higher percentage of breakfast-skippers have been reported among rotating shift (RS) workers compared with day shift (DS) workers. As such, this study examined the association between breakfast skipping, habitual food consumption and BMI in RS workers.Design:Japanese nurses were studied using a self-administered questionnaire that assessed the height, weight, breakfast consumption habits, dietary consumption, physical activity, sleep habits, chronotype and demographic characteristics of the participants.Setting:A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of nurses in Japan. Dietary and health-related questionnaires were mailed to 5536 nurses aged 20–59 years, working at 346 institutions.Participants:A total of 3646 nurses at 274 institutions responded to the questionnaire. After removing those who met the exclusion criteria, 2450 participants were included in the statistical analysis.Results:The RS breakfast-skippers had lower total energy intake, diet quality and higher BMI than DS workers, whereas the RS breakfast-consumers had a higher total energy intake and BMI than the DS workers. In the RS workers, breakfast skipping on the days of DS and the end days of evening/night shift was associated with a poorer diet quality. Additionally, breakfast skipping on the days of DS was positively associated with BMI, independent of the total energy intake and diet quality.Conclusions:Breakfast skipping on workdays may contribute to a difference in dietary intake and BMI between RS workers and DS workers and may increase BMI in RS workers, independent of dietary intake.
Beaver Pond Geomorphology Influences Pond Nitrogen Retention and Denitrification
Authors: Murray Desneiges , Neilson Bethany T. , Brahney Janice 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBeaver ponds are increasingly promoted as a strategy for physical stream restoration, and more recently recognized as natural solutions for excess nonpoint source pollutants, such as nitrogen (N). Beaver ponds facilitate N transformations on the streamscape by increasing sediment‐water interactions and creating low and high redox conditions in close proximity. Because beaver ponds vary widely in their geomorphology, the spatial extent of morphological units should dictate the degree of biogeochemical processing. We explore the role of beaver pond geomorphic units in facilitating sediment N transformations using a sediment mass balance approach. We quantified input, output, and transformation of N species within the sediments and water of the riffle, backwater, and margin geomorphic units of a beaver pond in Northern Utah. Our interpretations were supplemented using sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and sediment C and N stable isotopes. The backwater performed most of the biogeochemical work, including increased sedimentation (2.1 g N m−2d−1), ammonification (1.3 g N m−2d−1), nitrification (0.07 g N m−2d−1), and denitrification (0.1 g N2 m−2 d−1), the latter facilitated by high sediment OM (14%) and SOD (−0.95 ± 0.2 g O2 m−2 d−1). Backwater sediment isotopes, supported by N flux measurements, indicated increased benthic microbial activity and denitrification. The margin and backwater surface sediments had low C:N ratios, indicating sediment input from autochthonous production. These findings suggest the representation of geomorphic units in a beaver pond may predict whether the pond can facilitate N removal through sediment sequestration and denitrification.
Burnout and Coping Strategies in Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Staff
Authors: Butcher Isabelle , Morrison Rachael , Balogun Omobolanle , Duncan Heather , St Louis Kate , Webb Sarah , Shaw Rachel 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Staff in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units (PICU and NICU) experience high rates of burnout due to the highly stressful environment. There is growing literature describing stress and burnout, but to date, no review of the evidence specific to pediatric and neonatal intensive care. For the development of interventions to reduce and prevent burnout, there needs to be a better understanding of this evidence. Little is known about coping strategies employed by critical care staff; it is important to collate and critique this literature to inform interventions. The objective of this systematic review was to examine burnout occurrence and coping strategies among staff working in PICU and NICU. Methods: A systematic search of Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Medline, AMED, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Nice Evidence, and EMBASE was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Studies measuring burnout and/or coping in PICU and NICU were included in the review. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which used a quantitative cross-sectional design. Of the included studies, 14 measured burnout, and 17 measured coping. Conclusion: Staff working in pediatric and neonatal intensive care settings experience high rates of burnout. While staff may have the ability to use coping strategies, often time and lack of awareness mean they don't. Psychologically informed interventions are required to prevent burnout and to provide staff with the tools and resources to develop healthy coping strategies in order to boost their well-being. Those interventions must then be formally evaluated to determine their impact on staff psychological outcomes. Implications for Impact Statement This work offers insight into avenues for future research to further describe the nature of burnout and to identify the predictors of successful coping. The literature review shows that there is variation in the way burnout and compassion fatigue are measured; working toward a consensus for a “gold standard” measurement would help synthesize the evidence. Coping is less well described and measures are not always appropriate; further work is required to identify and measure the impact of coping strategies to develop the evidence base.