bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic Wafering Silicon Kerf Loss as Raw Material: Example of Negative Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Battery**
Authors: Heintz Mads C. , Grins Jekabs , Jaworski Aleksander , Svensson Gunnar , Thersleff Thomas , Brant William R. , Lindblad Rebecka , Naylor Andrew J. , Edström Kristina , Hernández Guiomar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSilicon powder kerf loss from diamond wire sawing in the photovoltaic wafering industry is a highly appealing source material for use in lithium‐ion battery negative electrodes. Here, it is demonstrated for the first time that the kerf particles from three independent sources contain ~50 % amorphous silicon. The crystalline phase is in the shape of nano‐scale crystalline inclusions in an amorphous matrix. From literature on wafering technology looking at wafer quality, the origin and mechanisms responsible for the amorphous content in the kerf loss powder are explained. In order to better understand for which applications the material could be a valuable raw material, the amorphicity and other relevant features are thoroughly investigated by a large amount of experimental methods. Furthermore, the kerf powder was crystallized and compared to the partly amorphous sample by operando X‐ray powder diffraction experiments during battery cycling, demonstrating that the powders are relevant for further investigation and development for battery applications.
Boosting the Cell Performance of the SiO/Cu and SiO/PPy Anodes via In‐Situ Reduction/Oxidation Coating Strategies
Authors: Luo Tan , Che Yanyun , Lu Xingjie , Wang Guifang , Cai Jinming , Lu Jianchen , Yi Jianhong , Fang Dong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSilicon monoxide (SiO) has attracted great attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity as an alternative material for conventional graphite anode, but its poor electrical conductivity and irreversible side reactions at the SiO/electrolyte interface seriously reduce its cycling stability. Here, to overcome the drawbacks, the dicharged SiO anode coated with Cu coating layer is elaborately designed by in‐situ reduction method. Compared with the pristine SiO anode of lithium‐ion battery (293 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles), the obtained SiO/Cu composite presents superior cycling stability (1206 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles). The tight combination of Cu particles and SiO significantly improves the conductivity of the composite, effectively inhibits the side‐reaction between the active material and electrolyte. In addition, polypyrrole‐coated SiO composites are further prepared by in‐situ oxidation method, which delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 1311 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles. The in‐situ coating strategies in this work provide a new pathway for the development and practical application of high‐performance silicon‐based anode.
Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks as Tailor‐Made Scaffolds for Water Harvesting
Authors: Wen Fuxiang , Wu Xinyu , Li Xiangyu , Huang Ning 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeveloping materials to harvest water from the air is of great importance to alleviate the water shortage for people living in arid regions, where the annual average relative humidity (RH) is lower than 0.4. In this work, we report a general nitrogen atom incorporation strategy to prepare high‐performance covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for water harvesting from the air in arid areas. A series of COFs, namely COF‐W1, COF‐W2, and COF‐W3 were developed for this purpose. Different contents of nitrogen were embedded into COFs by incorporating pyridine units into the building blocks. With the increasing content of nitrogen from COF‐W1 to COF‐W3, the inflection points of their water isotherms shift distinctly from RH values from 0.65 to 0.25. Significantly, COF‐W3 exhibits the lowest inflection point at a low RH value of 0.25 and reaches a high uptake capacity of 0.28 g g−1 at 25 °C with a low hysteresis loop. Moreover, the gram‐scale COF‐W3 retains its high performance, which renders it more attractive in water harvesting. This work demonstrates the feasibility of this nitrogen incorporation strategy to acquire high‐performance COFs as water harvesters in the future.
Photo/electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Products on MOF‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Guo Fan , Zhao Ye‐Fan , Li Rui‐Xia , Xu Huan , Sun Wei‐Yin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEfficient conversion of CO2 to valuable fuels is a desired approach to reduce global warming effect and remit sustained fossil fuel demand. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of crystalline porous materials with unique features, have been widely studied for potential applications in varied fields. Recently, photo/electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to two or more carbons (C2+) products has attracted extensive attention because of their higher market values than one carbon (C1). However, the major products of CO2 reduction currently are carbon monoxide, formate, or methane, which are all typical C1 products. Generally, for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 system, relatively low efficiency of electron transfer with inadequate capability results sluggish kinetics of C−C coupling. And for electrocatalysis, high current densities curtail the stability, which limits selectivity towards C2+ products. In this review, we provide very latest reports that have make some breakthroughs to overcome the above difficulties in photo/electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products using MOF‐based materials. Special emphases are given on design strategies of synthetic MOF‐based catalysts and the mechanisms of catalytic CO2 to C2+ products. The challenges and prospects of photo/electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products associated with MOF‐based materials are also discussed.
An upper Minkowski dimension estimate for the interior singular set of area minimizing currents
Authors: Skorobogatova Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe show that for an area minimizing m‐dimensional integral current T of codimension at least two inside a sufficiently regular Riemannian manifold, the upper Minkowski dimension of the interior singular set is at most . This provides a strengthening of the existing ‐dimensional Hausdorff dimension bound due to Almgren and De Lellis & Spadaro. As a by‐product of the proof, we establish an improvement on the persistence of singularities along the sequence of center manifolds taken to approximate T along blow‐up scales.
Novel Triangulenes: Computational Investigations of Energy Thresholds for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Curtis Kevin , King Corban , Odoh Samuel O. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrganic materials with Inverted Singlet‐Triplet (INVEST) gaps are interesting for their potential use in photocatalytic small molecule transformations such as the entirely solar‐driven water splitting reaction. However, only a few INVEST emitters are thermodynamically able to split water requiring a first singlet excited dark state, S1, above 1.27 or 1.76 eV, and absorption near solar the maximum, 2.57 eV. These requirements and the INVEST character are key for achieving a long‐lived photocatalyst for water splitting. The only known INVEST emitters that conform to these criteria are large triangular boron carbon nitrides with unknown synthesis pathways. Using ADC(2), a quantum‐mechanical method, we describe three triangulenes. 3 a is a cyano azacyclopenta[cd]phenalene derivative while 3 b and 3 c are cycl[3.3.3]azine derivatives. 3 b has a previously undescribed disulfide bridge. Overall, 3 a fulfills requirements for photocatalytic four‐electron reduction of water while the S1 states of 3 b and 3 c are likely slightly low for the two‐electron reduction process. By analyzing impacts of ligands, we find that there are guidelines describing how S1‐S5 energies and oscillator strengths, T1 energies, and ΔES1T1 gaps are affected, requiring deep‐learning algorithms for which studies will be presented by us in due time. The impact of ground‐state geometries, solvation effects, as well as reduced‐cost ADC(2) algorithms on our findings are also discussed.
Mechanical Properties and Nanoindentation Size Effects of YAG Crystals with Different Crystal Faces
Authors: Ma Rongguo , Zhang Qingli , Zhang Rui , Gao Jinyun , Sun Guihua , Dou Renqin , Han Song , Chen Zhao , Wang Xiaofei , Zhang Deming , Sun Yu , Liu Wenpeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, the anisotropic mechanical properties of YAG crystal (100), (110), and (111) crystal faces are investigated by nanoindentation experiments. The load‐displacement curves, hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) are obtained for each crystal face at different maximum loads. The loading curves of the three crystal faces showed displacement mutations, which are caused by microcracks during indentation of the indenter. The H and E of three crystal faces dropped as the indentation depth increased, obviously indicating indentation size effect (ISE). The H and E magnitude sequence of the three crystal faces is: (110) > (111) > (100). The surface energy is calculated by the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) program to explain the experimental phenomenon that the hardness and elastic modulus of the three crystal faces are different. Using the Nix‐Gao model to fit the Hardness‐indentation depth data, the hardness H0 of the (100), (110), and (111) crystal faces without strain gradient effect are obtained as 12.978, 15.61, and 15.432 GPa, respectively, which can be used as a reference value for the hardness of YAG crystals. The characteristic lengths h* of (100), (110), and (111) crystal faces are 730.545, 362.049, and 375.196 nm, respectively.
A five‐level common‐ground inverter with step‐up/step‐down dual‐mode operation for transformerless grid‐connected PV application
Authors: Grigoletto Felipe B. , Cedieu Sound , Chaves Diego B. , Sing Lee Sze , Siwakoti Yam P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStep‐up multilevel inverters with common‐ground feature are attractive for transformerless photovoltaic systems. However, their performance deteriorates at step‐down voltage range. Considering a five‐level inverter with double voltage gain, the number of output voltage levels decreases from 5 to 3 for a modulation index smaller than 0.5, declining the quality of the output currents. This paper proposes a new dual‐mode five‐level common‐grounded inverter with a reduced number of switches. The proposed topology has the ability to operate as step‐up or step‐down making it well suited for application with wide input voltage range. The proposed inverter consists of five unidirectional switches, one bidirectional switch, two diodes, and two capacitors. In addition, the description of the topology, the design guidelines, and a comparison among the main topologies are given in detail. Experimental results are obtained to attest the practicability of the proposed solution.
A bipolar junction transistor EMC modeling method based on physical characteristic measurement and simplex optimization
Authors: Pan Zeyu , Zhang Yu , Ren Dan , Yang Jinsheng , Nie Bao‐Lin , Du Pingan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are widely used in various electronic systems, and the establishment of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) model for BJTs is crucial for EMC analysis of these systems, such as high‐frequency circuits. In this paper, a BJT EMC model that satisfies both functionality and EMC analysis requirements was established based on physical characteristic measurement. First, comprehensive and systematic methods for measurement and extracting SPICE parameters based on physical BJTs are presented, including a proposed curve‐fitting calculation method for extracting barrier capacitance parameters. Second, an analysis of the impact of major BJT electrical characteristics parameters was conducted, leading to the identification of important model parameters affecting BJT functionality and EMC. Finally, the primary BJT model was optimized using the simplex method, and a method for EMC analysis and verification of the BJT model was presented. The experimental and simulation results are in good agreement, and the established model meets the accuracy requirements for both EMC and functionality. Therefore, the proposed method is feasible and suitable for the EMC modeling of BJTs.
Mate‐guarding success depends on male investment in a butterfly
Authors: Gór Ádám , Lang Zsolt , Pásztor Kata , Szigeti Viktor , Vajna Flóra , Kis János 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMales of many insects, including butterflies, produce mate‐guarding devices, such as mating plugs, to prolong guarding and prevent future female matings in the male's absence. In a few butterflies, large external mate‐guarding devices, that is, sphragides, occur. Gór et al. (Behaviour, 160, 2023 and 515−557) found conspicuously large size and morphological variation of mate‐guarding devices within a single population of the potentially polyandrous Clouded Apollo (Parnassius mnemosyne, L.) butterfly. They termed the externally visible male‐produced devices as Copulatory opening APpendices (CAP) consisting of small devices, termed small CAPs and the much larger shield (i.e. sphragis). Our aim was to reveal CAP replacement dynamics within females during their lifetime and to understand how male investment into small CAPs or shields was (i) related to CAP persistence on the female, that is securing paternity, (ii) associated with female quality, measured as size and (iii) with actual adult sex ratio. We investigated a univoltine Clouded Apollo population to estimate CAP replacement risks, using multistate survival models, in an extensive observational study through 6 years based on mark‐recapture. Shields were the most frequent mate‐guarding devices and were more persistent than small CAPs, often lasting for life, excluding future matings. Thus, most females bearing a shield were deprived of postcopulatory female choice, and the genetic variance in their offspring could be reduced compared to those bearing small CAPs, thus mating more often. The ratio of shields to all CAPs gradually decreased towards the end of the flight period. Males were more prone to produce a shield when mating females with wider thoraces and when the ratio of males (i.e. competition) was higher in the population. To our best knowledge, this is the first quantitative study to investigate potential factors on which male investment in mate‐guarding devices may depend, and how the variation in these devices impacts CAP persistence on females.
Application of a fish habitat model to assess habitat fragmentation using high flow and sediment transport in the Rumei Dam in Lancang River (China)
Authors: Yang Ge , Bao Meixia , Cong Nan , Kattel Giri , Li Yike , Xi Yuqian , Wang Yihang , Wang Qianqian , Yao Weiwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDam construction and operation can result in serious disturbances to the downstream flow regime and fluvial process, river morphology and the river's ecological condition worldwide. To understand the effects of discharge and sedimentation on fish habitats and ecosystems, an ecohydraulic approach was applied to one of the mega hydropower schemes in the downstream Lancang River (Tibet). The approach comprised a dam operation module with high flow and sediment transport and the application of a dynamic fish habitat model for assessing habitat fragmentation of two targeted fish species: Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti) and Schizothorax davidi (S. davidi). The hydrodynamics of the river system and the assessed fish habitat show a significant impact of dam construction and operation on the downstream riverine ecosystem, in which fish habitats were found rapidly deteriorated with the destruction of feeding and reproductive grounds. To improve fish habitat after dam construction, the sediment supplement was applied to the river and shown to be a useful restoration strategy, which recovers the habitat fragmentation of target fish. Our model not only is useful to predict dam operation impacts on the Lancang River's ecological status but also shows great potential in mitigating hydropower‐induced environmental impacts and developing river conservation guidelines worldwide.
Direct Access to 1,3‐Oxathiolan‐5‐ones through (3+2)‐Cycloaddition of Thioketones and Acetylenedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Sachse Florian , Schneider Christoph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a novel protocol for the direct synthesis of 1,3‐oxathiolan‐5‐ones based on the (3+2)‐cycloaddition between thioketones and acetylenedicarboxylic acid. The products were obtained in a one‐pot reaction within short reaction times and in typically very good yields. The product structure was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Development of a bio‐inspired magnetic nanocomposite synthesized through semi‐covalent imprinting for electrochemical determination of cholesterol in water samples
Authors: Peixoto Lins Eduardo , Effting Luciane , Maria Effting Letícia , Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor Maria , Gava Segatelli Mariana , Bail Alesandro , Ricardo Teixeira Tarley César 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFecal pollution in aquatic environments by analysis of fecal coliforms along with the determination of sterol compounds, such as cholesterol (CHO) has been extensively investigated. Thus, the development of an easier, cheaper, selective, and sensitive method for CHO monitoring in aquatic environments can be a valuable tool in contributing to the analysis of fecal pollution mainly in developing countries. In the present study, a voltammetric method aiming at CHO determination in aqueous media based on a magnetic molecular imprinted polymer (MMIP) sensor is proposed. The MMIP was synthesized on the surface of silica‐coated magnetite, using CHO as a template covalently bound to 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (ICPTES). A suspension of MMIP was prepared in ethanol and used to modify a graphite‐epoxy composite magneto‐actuated electrode (m‐GEC). The indirect CHO determination was based on the decrease in the current of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox probe in the presence CHO. Under optimized experimental conditions (Britton‐Robinson buffer 0.01 mol L−1 at pH 7.0), the parameters of square wave voltammetry were optimized through the Doehlert matrix (amplitude of 111.2 mV, potential increase of 10.8 mV and frequency of 5.54 Hz). An analytical curve ranging from 0.51 up to 11.0 μmol L−1 was obtained with a limit of detection of 0.15 μmol L−1. The developed method was applied to the analysis of the lake water sample, and the accuracy of the method was confirmed by HPLC‐DAD as a reference technique.
Higher‐order derivative spectroelectrochemical measurement of ferrocene dissolved into water‐in‐salt electrolyte solution
Authors: Kishioka Shinya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFerrocene was dissolved in a water‐in‐salt solution containing a high concentration of a supporting electrolyte. Open‐circuit potential, electronic absorption spectra, and cyclic voltammetry revealed that a part of the dissolved ferrocene existed as ferrocenium ions. Spectroelectrochemical measurements and higher‐order derivative spectra revealed that the water‐in‐salt electrolyte aqueous solution is an excellent medium for electrochemical and spectroscopic measurement of redox‐active species with water insolubility.
Inland thinning of Byrd Glacier, Antarctica, during Ross Ice Shelf formation
Authors: Stutz Jamey , Eaves Shaun , Norton Kevin , Wilcken Klaus M. , Moore Claudia , McKay Rob , Lowry Dan , Licht Kathy , Johnson Katelyn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGeomorphological records of past ice sheet change offer the opportunity to examine their centennial‐scale response to changing boundary conditions, which are not adequately captured in the satellite record. Here, we present the first reconstruction of ice surface lowering at Byrd Glacier, the largest outlet glacier of the Transantarctic Mountains. Using surface exposure ages from glacial erratic cobbles collected in two vertical transects along the Lonewolf Nunataks, we find the initial emergence of this set of nunataks occurred at ~15 ka, with a rapid pulse of thinning at ~8 ka. We compare our glacier thinning profiles with modelled ice sheet thickness and grounding line histories from two model ensembles to identify key processes responsible for ice sheet change. All model runs from the two ensembles predict grounding line retreat and inland thinning to occur in one rapid step from Last Glacial Maximum to present, in line with marine geology records, our exposure age data and derived glacier thinning rates. Experiments best matching the glacial thickness constraints, reconstructed from the surface exposure data, have faster basal sliding (i.e., promote greater sliding rates resulting in thinner ice). However, experiments best matching the timing and rapid rate of ice thinning derived from the same surface exposure data have higher basal friction. This apparent change in the modelled basal sliding regime, from when the ice surface is at maximum thickness, to the rapid thinning at ~8 ka, occurs as the grounding line retreats towards the Byrd Glacier and Ross Ice Shelf forms during the Holocene. This past context has implications for the stability of the modern grounding line of Byrd Glacier, which is characterised by high basal melt rates at the terminus—a process that has the potential to propagate glacier thinning far inland, impacting the overall (in)stability of the Byrd Glacier and Ross Ice Shelf.
Extreme cold‐weather battery thermal management for optimal electric vehicle performance
Authors: Ruhatiya C. , Gandra Ruthvik , Kondaiah P. , Garg Akhil , Tibrewala Himanshu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBattery thermal management system (BTMS) may seem a very standard term, but it is the lifeline of an efficient battery pack module in various vehicles and standalone stationary energy storage systems. The majority of the available literature is aimed toward temperature optimization of batteries in hotter climatic conditions. The cold temperature‐related effects on battery packs have amplifying implications on the battery cycle life and operational capacity. The electric vehicles operating in cold temperature environment face sudden fluctuations in temperatures across the battery pack module due to large temperature gradient between battery surface and internals, and ambient conditions. This work focuses on addressing the problem related to sudden drop in cell temperatures when battery operations are switched off (cold stop conditions). The phase change materials (PCMs) based passive BTMS system is evaluated in this study. The BTMS with different designs and PCMs are modeled in Multiphysics environment and simulated close to extreme cold temperature environments. The formulated models are then used for comparing commercially available PCMs material for their efficiency and viability. The main parameter evaluated was rate of temperature decrease, it was observed that organic mixture‐type PCMs are best suited for cold temperature application.