bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of neuropathology-associated reactive astrocytes: a systematic review
Authors: Lawrence Jill M. , Schardien Kayla , Wigdahl Brian , Nonnemacher Michael R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the contexts of aging, injury, or neuroinflammation, activated microglia signaling with TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1q induces a neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype, classified as A1, A1-like, or neuroinflammatory reactive astrocytes. In contrast to typical astrocytes, which promote neuronal survival, support synapses, and maintain blood–brain barrier integrity, these reactive astrocytes downregulate supportive functions and begin to secrete neurotoxic factors, complement components like C3, and chemokines like CXCL10, which may facilitate recruitment of immune cells across the BBB into the CNS. The proportion of pro-inflammatory reactive astrocytes increases with age through associated microglia activation, and these pro-inflammatory reactive astrocytes are particularly abundant in neurodegenerative disorders. As the identification of astrocyte phenotypes progress, their molecular and cellular effects are characterized in a growing array of neuropathologies.
Exceptionally rare IDH1-mutant adult medulloblastoma with concurrent GNAS mutation revealed by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and deep sequencing
Authors: Liserre Roberto , Branzoli Francesca , Pagani Francesca , Gryzik Magdalena , Cominelli Manuela , Miele Evelina , Marjańska Małgorzata , Doglietto Francesco , Poliani Pietro Luigi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor occurring in childhood and rarely found in adults. Based on transcriptome profile, MB are currently classified into four major molecular groups reflecting a considerable biological heterogeneity: WNT-activated, SHH-activated, group 3 and group 4. Recently, DNA methylation profiling allowed the identification of additional subgroups within the four major molecular groups associated with different clinic-pathological and molecular features. Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) mutations have been described in several tumors, including gliomas, while in MB are rarely reported and not routinely investigated. By means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we unequivocally assessed the presence the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), a marker of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, in a case of adult MB. Immunophenotypical work-up and methylation profiling assigned the diagnosis of MB, subclass SHH-A, and molecular testing revealed the presence of the non-canonical somatic IDH1(p.R132C) mutation and an additional GNAS mutation, also rarely described in MB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MB simultaneously harboring both mutations. Of note, tumor exhibited a heterogeneous phenotype with a tumor component displaying glial differentiation, with robust GFAP expression, and a component with conventional MB features and selective presence of GNAS mutation, suggesting co-existence of two different major tumor subclones. These findings drew attention to the need for a deeper genetic characterization of MB, in order to get insights into their biology and improve stratification and clinical management of the patients. Moreover, our results underlined the importance of performing MRS for the identification of IDH mutations in non-glial tumors. The use of throughput molecular profiling analysis and advanced medical imaging will certainly increase the frequency with which tumor entities with rare molecular alterations will be identified. Whether these findings have any specific therapeutic implications or prognostic relevance requires further investigations.
Clinical and functional characterization of a long survivor congenital titinopathy patient with a novel metatranscript-only titin variant
Authors: Cardone Nastasia , Moula Melissa , Baelde Rianne J. , Biquand Ariane , Villanova Marcello , Metay Corinne , Fiorillo Chiara , Baratto Serena , Merlini Luciano , Sabatelli Patrizia , Romero Norma B. , Relaix Frederic , Authier François Jérôme , Taglietti Valentina , Savarese Marco , de Winter Josine , Ottenheijm Coen , Richard Isabelle , Malfatti Edoardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCongenital titinopathies are an emerging group of a potentially severe form of congenital myopathies caused by biallelic mutations in titin, encoding the largest existing human protein involved in the formation and stability of sarcomeres. In this study we describe a patient with a congenital myopathy characterized by multiple contractures, a rigid spine, non progressive muscular weakness, and a novel homozygous TTN pathogenic variant in a metatranscript-only exon: the c.36400A > T, p.Lys12134*. Muscle biopsies showed increased internalized nuclei, variability in fiber size, mild fibrosis, type 1 fiber predominance, and a slight increase in the number of satellite cells. RNA studies revealed the retention of intron 170 and 171 in the open reading frame, and immunoflourescence and western blot studies, a normal titin content. Single fiber functional studies showed a slight decrease in absolute maximal force and a cross-sectional area with no decreases in tension, suggesting that weakness is not sarcomere-based but due to hypotrophy. Passive properties of single fibers were not affected, but the observed increased calcium sensitivity of force generation might contribute to the contractural phenotype and rigid spine of the patient. Our findings provide evidence for a pathogenic, causative role of a metatranscript-only titin variant in a long survivor congenital titinopathy patient with distal arthrogryposis and rigid spine.
Loss of MBNL1-mediated retrograde BDNF signaling in the myotonic dystrophy brain
Authors: Wang Pei-Ying , Kuo Ting-Yu , Wang Lee-Hsin , Liang Wen-Hsing , Wang Guey-Shin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReduced brain volume including atrophy in grey and white matter is commonly seen in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). DM1 is caused by an expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of the Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene. MutantDMPKmRNA containing expanded CUG RNA (DMPK-CUGexp) sequesters cytoplasmic MBNL1, resulting in morphological impairment. HowDMPK-CUGexpand loss of MBNL1 cause histopathological phenotypes in the DM1 brain remains elusive. Here, we show that BDNF-TrkB retrograde transport is impaired in neurons expressingDMPK-CUGexpdue to loss of cytoplasmic MBNL1 function. We reveal that mature BDNF protein levels are reduced in the brain of the DM1 mouse model EpA960/CaMKII-Cre. Exogenous BDNF treatment did not rescue impaired neurite outgrowth in neurons expressingDMPK-CUGexp, whereas overexpression of the cytoplasmic MBNL1 isoform inDMPK-CUGexp-expressing neurons improved their responsiveness to exogenous BDNF. We identify dynein light chain LC8-type 2, DYNLL2, as an MBNL1-interacting protein and demonstrate that their interaction is RNA-independent. Using time-lapse imaging, we show that overexpressed MBNL1 and DYNLL2 move along axonal processes together and that MBNL1-knockdown impairs the motility of mCherry-tagged DYNLL2, resulting in a reduced percentage of retrograde DYNLL2 movement. Examination of the distribution of DYNLL2 and activated phospho-TrkB (pTrkB) receptor in EpA960/CaMKII-Cre brains revealed an increase in the postsynaptic membrane fraction (LP1), indicating impaired retrograde transport. Finally, our neuropathological analysis of postmortem DM1 tissue reveals that reduced cytoplasmic MBNL1 expression is associated with an increase in DYNLL2 and activated pTrkB receptor levels in the synaptosomal fraction. Together, our results support that impaired MBNL1-mediated retrograde BDNF-TrkB signaling may contribute to the histopathological phenotypes of DM1.
Comparing the score interpretation across modes in PISA: an investigation of how item facets affect difficulty
Authors: Harrison Scott , Kroehne Ulf , Goldhammer Frank , Lüdtke Oliver , Robitzsch Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Mode effects, the variations in item and scale properties attributed to the mode of test administration (paper vs. computer), have stimulated research around test equivalence and trend estimation in PISA. The PISA assessment framework provides the backbone to the interpretation of the results of the PISA test scores. However, an identified gap in the current literature is whether mode effects have affected test score interpretation as defined by the assessment framework, and whether the interpretations of the PBA and CBA test scores are comparable.

Methods
This study uses the 2015 PISA field trial data from thirteen countries to compare test modes through a construct representation approach. It is investigated whether item facets defined by the assessment framework (e.g., different cognitive demands) affect item difficulty comparably across modes using a unidimensional two-group generalized partial credit model (GPCM).

Results
Linking the assessment framework to item difficulty using linear regression showed that for both maths and science domains, item categorisation relates to item difficulty, however for the reading domain no such conclusion was possible. In comparing PBA to CBA in representations across the three domains, maths had one facet with a significant difference in representation, reading had all three facets significantly different, and for science, four out of six facets had significant differences. Modelling items labelled “mode invariant” in PISA 2015, the results indicated that in every domain, two facets showed significant differences between the test modes. The graphical inspection of difficulty patterns confirmed that reading shows stronger differences while the patterns of the other domains were quite consistent between modes.

Conclusions
The present study shows that the mode effects on difficulty vary within the task facets proposed by the PISA assessment framework, in particular for reading. These findings shed light on whether the comparability of score interpretation between modes is compromised. Given the limitations of the link between the reading domain and item difficulty, any conclusions in this domain are limited. Importantly, the present study adds a new approach and empirical findings to the investigation of the cross-mode equivalence in PISA domains.
Synergistic effect of zinc and denak (Oliveria decumbens) essential oil to extend the storage life of pomegranate arils
Authors: Aminzade Reihaneh , Ramezanian Asghar , Eshghi Saeid , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hashem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Semi-processed pomegranates are increasingly being used around the world. Due to their perishability, however, arils currently have a limited supply and distribution. The treatment of arils with zinc and denak essential oil (DEO) can assist in reducing the growth of pathogens and can contribute to an increase in storage life. Since zinc is nutritionally valuable, the experiment involved immersing arils in 0.8% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and packaging them in polypropylene (PP) containers. Then, labels were supercritically impregnated with DEO (25 and 50 μL L−1) in the packages. Sampling was performed regularly at 10-day intervals for 60 days of storage.

Results
Zinc and DEO had a synergistic impact on all indices. The treatment of arils with 0.8% ZnSO4 and 50 µL L−1 DEO caused the maximum total soluble solids (TSS), firmness, titratable acidity (TA), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and anthocyanin content, as well as the lowest weight loss (WL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity.

Conclusions
In general, the effect of 0.8% ZnSO4 + 50 µL L−1 DEO was most efficient for the increase in storage life and maintained the qualitative characteristics of arils. Also, it caused the zinc content of arils to increase 36-fold. This may be an excellent strategy to meet the body’s nutritional demand for zinc.

Graphical Abstract
Public health risk due to aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in rice in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Phan Lien Thi Kim , De Saeger Sarah , Eeckhout Mia , Jacxsens Liesbeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMycotoxin contamination in rice can lead to a health risk for consumers. In this study, the health risk among different age groups of Vietnamese population in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam was evaluated through rice consumption. Total aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs) in raw rice samples (n = 50) were analyzed using an ELISA method. A survey (n = 155) was used to collect data on rice consumption and consumer practices for the evaluation of mycotoxin exposure. Results showed that the frequency of AFs and FBs contamination was 60 and 74% with the average concentrations in raw rice ranging from 1.88–4.00 ng/g and 227–290 ng/g from the lower bound (LB) to the upper bound (UB), respectively. The average AFs exposure due to rice consumption was estimated from 0.81 to 2.44 ng/kg bw/day at scenarios LB – UB with the medium bound (MB) of 2.10, 1.60, 1.92 and 1.23 ng/kg bw/day for children, adolescents, adults and elderly, respectively. These values ranged from 343 to 724 ng/kg bw/day with respect to FBs (scenarios LB - UB), which are below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDI) value (2000 ng/kg bw/day). The margin of exposure (MoE) to AFs ranged from 160 to 1585,179-2669,149–2175 and 206–3480 for children, adolescent, adults and elderly, respectively from UB - LB, indicating a high health risk for this carcinogenic hazard since the values are so lower than 10,000 (safe limit). However, for FBs, MoE value ranged from 105 to 575 (UB-LB) for all groups, which are higher compared to 100 (safe limit), indicating no risk for public health. The mean cancer risk due to estimated AFs exposure at LB - UB was 0.05–0.13 cases/year/100,000 individuals with MB of 0.08–0.13 cases/year/100,000 people for all four age groups. This study provides new insights into probabilistic risk assessment and potential health impact of mycotoxins in rice in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
Student engagement during emergency remote teaching: A scoping review
Authors: Yang Dong , Wang Huanhuan , Metwally Ahmed Hosny Saleh , Huang Ronghuai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch on student engagement has recently gained popularity as it can address problems such as early dropout and poor achievement. The growing interest in investigating student engagement during the Covid-19 pandemic is reflected in increased publications addressing this topic. However, no review provided research evidence and an overview of existing literature on student engagement during emergency remote teaching (ERT). We reviewed how student engagement studies were undertaken during ERT from three perspectives: (1) the landscape of studies, (2) methodologies issues, and (3) the strategies used to facilitate student engagement. 42 articles were analysed from an initial pool of 436 search results. The findings illustrate that current studies were predominately undertaken in the United States (36%) and China (22%) with focusing on STEM subjects as a dominant discipline. The literature was largely inconsistent in defining and measuring student engagement. In addition, the majority of studies (57%) investigated students’ engagement from the perspective of students, unlike other stakeholders. The most prominent finding is that ERT promoted several important engagement strategies, including motivational factors, teachers’ facilitation, a hybrid learning model, and using learning technologies to boost students’ engagement.
Resonance characteristics and impact of the 2006 Pingtung tsunami in southern Taiwan
Authors: Cheng An-Chi , Suppasri Anawat , Pakoksung Kwanchai , Imamura Fumihiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTsunami resonance excitation induces tsunami amplification, persistent oscillation, and strong current velocities, which may enlarge coastal hazards in tsunamigenic areas. Historically, the 2006 Pingtung earthquake doublet triggered tsunamis that affected the south Taiwan coast. Studying the resonance features based on past tsunamis is important for assessing tsunami hazards and obtaining critical disaster mitigation information. Here, we elucidate the tsunami resonance oscillation and its impacts along the south Taiwan coast based on synthetic assessment of tsunamis induced by the 2006 Pingtung earthquake doublet. A numerical simulation was performed to replicate the 2006 Pingtung earthquake doublet tsunamis. Then, spatially integrated spectra were obtained via spatiotemporal analysis. The results were compared to tsunami spectra at tide gauges to identify the main oscillation modes, suggesting the main oscillation modes had 13–50 min periods during the 2006 Pingtung earthquake doublet tsunamis. The tsunami resonance oscillations were analyzed based on the main oscillation modes. In the 2006 Pingtung earthquake doublet tsunamis, edge waves occurred along the south Taiwan west coast in most oscillation modes. The Hengchun Peninsula prevents tsunami oscillation transmission, and only part of the oscillation energy at certain periods propagates to the east coast. Furthermore, the spectral amplitude distribution migration across the period domain revealed that energy amplification is a frequency-dependent phenomenon and is responsible for the large tsunami heights and strong tsunami-induced current velocities distributed along the south Taiwan coast during this past tsunami.
Modeling students’ behavioral engagement through different in-class behavior styles
Authors: Gomes Samuel , Costa Luis , Martinho Carlos , Dias João , Xexéo Geraldo , Moura Santos Ana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The growing necessity of providing better education, notably through the development of Adaptive Learning Systems (ALSs), leveraged the study of several psychological constructs to accurately characterize learners. A concept extensively studied in education is engagement, a multidimensional construct encompassing behavioral expression and motivational backgrounds. This metric can be used to not only guide certain pedagogic methodologies, but also to endow systems with the right tutoring techniques. As such, this article aims to inspire improved teaching styles and automatic learning systems, by experimentally verifying the influence of in-class behaviors in students’ engagement.

Results
Over 16 math lessons, the occurrence of students’ and instructors’ behaviors, alongside students’ engagement estimates, were recorded using the COPUS observation protocol. After behavior-profiling the classes deploying such lessons, significant linear models were computed to relate the frequency of the students’ or instructors’ behaviors with the students’ engagement at different in-class periods. The models revealed a positive relation of students’ initial individual thinking and later group activity participation with their collective engagement, as well as a positive engagement relation with the later application of instructor’s strategies such as giving feedback and moving through class, guiding on-going work.

Conclusions
The results suggest the benefit of applying a workshop-like learning process, providing more individual explanations and feedback at the beginning of an interaction, leaving collective feedback and students’ guidance of on-going work for later on. Based on the relations suggested by our models, several guidelines for developing ALSs are proposed, and a practical illustrative example is formulated.
A content analysis of research on technology use for teaching mathematics to students with disabilities: word networks and topic modeling
Authors: Shin Mikyung , Ok Min Wook , Choo Sam , Hossain Gahangir , Bryant Diane P. , Kang Eunyoung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of research on technology use for teaching mathematics to students with disabilities. We applied word networks and structural topic modeling of 488 studies published from 1980 to 2021. Results showed that the words “computer” and “computer-assisted instruction” had the highest degree of centrality in the 1980s and 1990s, and “learning disability” was another central word in the 2000s and 2010s. The associated word probability for 15 topics also represented technology use within different instructional practices, tools, and students with either high- or low-incidence disabilities. A piecewise linear regression with knots in 1990, 2000, and 2010 demonstrated decreasing trends for the topics of computer-assisted instruction, software, mathematics achievement, calculators, and testing. Despite some fluctuations in the prevalence in the 1980s, the support for visual materials, learning disabilities, robotics, self-monitoring tools, and word problem-solving instruction topics showed increasing trends, particularly after 1990. Some research topics, including apps and auditory support, have gradually increased in topic proportions since 1980. Topics including fraction instruction, visual-based technology, and instructional sequence have shown increasing prevalence since 2010; this increase was statistically significant for the instructional sequence topic over the past decade.
Prediction of volcanic ash concentrations in ash clouds from explosive eruptions based on an atmospheric transport model and the Japanese meteorological satellite Himawari-8: a case study for the Kirishima-Shinmoedake eruption on April 4th 2018
Authors: Ishii Kensuke , Hayashi Masahiro , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Shimbori Toshiki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrediction of ash concentrations in volcanic ash clouds for the Kirishima-Shinmoedake eruption on April 4th, 2018 is performed on the basis of an atmospheric transport model and the Japanese meteorological satellite Himawari-8. The retrieval algorithm for Himawari-8 (referred to as the “Optimal Volcanic Ash Algorithm”, OVAA) provides two-dimensional properties of volcanic ash clouds, such as cloud heights and total column mass loading, whereas it does not provide ash cloud thickness which is required to make an initial condition for the atmospheric transport model. To estimate ash cloud thickness immediately after an eruption, here, a wind shear index is introduced. The wind shear index includes an empirical constant parameter $$T_c$$

T
c

; a small value of $$T_c$$

T
c

leads to thick ash clouds, whereas a large value of $$T_c$$

T
c

leads to thin ash clouds. In this study, the value of $$T_c$$

T
c

is optimized empirically in the following two ways: (1) a comparison between the total column mass loadings in the prediction and that in the OVAA estimation and (2) a comparison between the estimated ash cloud thickness and the observed ash cloud thickness by lidar measurements. These two comparisons suggest the optimal value of $$T_c$$

T
c

is 0.5$$-$$
-
0.6, and then, the uncertainty of the ash clouds thickness estimation to be $$\sim$$
∼
700 m. In an operation, this estimation of $$T_c$$

T
c

can be used as a fixed value to estimate the ash cloud thickness for a future eruption. In this case, the ash concentration predictions can be obtained immediately after the OVAA estimation. The ash concentrations prediction for $$T_c$$

T
c

=0.6 provides areas of high contamination (>4 mg/m$$^3$$

3

) and low contamination (<2 mg/m$$^3$$

3

). This classification of ash concentration in ash clouds has been required by the aviation industry, and is helpful information to assess safe areas and routes for airline operations.
Graphical Abstract