bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the race-free CKD-EPI creatinine-based eGFR equation in a Danish cohort with measured GFR
Authors: Munch Philip Vestergaard , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Jensen Simon Kok , Birn Henrik , Vestergaard Søren Viborg , Frøkiær Jørgen , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Christiansen Christian Fynbo 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
In 2021, an updated Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) without a coefficient for race (CKD-EPI21) was developed. The performance of this new equation has yet to be examined among specific patient groups.

Methods
We compared the performances of the new CKD-EPI21 equation and the 2009 equation assuming non-Black race (CKD-EPI09-NB) in patients with GFR measured by chromium-51-EDTA plasma clearance at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark during 2010–18. We examined bias, accuracy, precision and correct classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage using chromium-51-EDTA clearance as the reference standard. We assessed the performance in the total cohort, cancer patients and potential living kidney donors. We also assessed the performance stratified by CKD stage in the total cohort.

Results
In this predominantly white population, the CKD-EPI21 equation performed slightly better than the CKD-EPI09-NB equation in both the total cohort (N = 4668), and in cancer patients (N = 3313) and potential living kidney donors (N = 239). In the total cohort, the CKD-EPI21 equation demonstrated a slightly lower median absolute bias (−0.2 versus −4.4 mL/min/1.73 m2), and a similar accuracy, precision and correct classification of CKD stage compared with the CKD-EPI09-NB equation. When stratified by CKD stage, the CKD-EPI09-NB equation performed slightly better than the CKD-EPI21 equation among patients with a measured GFR (mGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusions
In a selected cohort of Danish patients with mGFR, the CKD-EPI21 equation performed slightly better than the CKD-EPI09-NB equation except for patients with a mGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, where CKD-EPI09-NB performed slightly better although the differences were considered clinically insignificant.
Incremental prognostic value of intensity-weighted regional calcification scoring using contrast CT imaging in TAVR
Authors: Abdelkhalek Mohamed , Bahadormanesh Nikrouz , Ganame Javier , Keshavarz-Motamed Zahra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Aortic valve calcification scoring plays an important role in predicting outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the impact of relative calcific density and its causal effect on peri-procedural complications due to sub-optimal valve expansion remains limited. This study aims to investigate the prognostic power of quantifying regional calcification in the device landing zone in the context of peri-procedural events and post-procedural complications based on pre-operative contrast computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images. Assess the effect of calcification on post-procedural device expansion and final configuration.

Methods and results
We introduce a novel patient invariant topographic scheme for quantifying the location and relative density of landing zone calcification. The calcification was detected on CCTA images based on a recently developed method using automatic minimization of the false positive rate between aortic lumen and calcific segments. Multinomial logistic regression model evaluation and ROC curve analysis showed excellent classification power for predicting paravalvular leakage [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.8; P &lt; 0.001] and balloon pre-dilation (AUC = 0.907; P &lt; 0.001). The model exhibited an acceptable classification ability for left bundle branch block (AUC = 0.748; P &lt; 0.001) and balloon post-dilation (AUC = 0.75; P &lt; 0.001). Notably, all evaluated models were significantly superior to alternative models that did not include intensity-weighted regional volume scoring.

Conclusions
TAVR planning based on contrast computed tomography images can benefit from detailed location, quantity, and density contribution of calcific deposits in the device landing zone. Those parameters could be employed to stratify patients who need a more personalized approach during TAVR planning, predict peri-procedural complications, and indicate patients for follow-up monitoring.
Combination of sacubitril/valsartan and blockade of the PI3K pathway enhanced kidney protection in a mouse model of cardiorenal syndrome
Authors: Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Wakui Hiromichi , Uehara Tatsuki , Shiba Yuka , Azushima Kengo , Abe Eriko , Tanaka Shohei , Taguchi Shinya , Hirota Keigo , Urate Shingo , Suzuki Toru , Yamada Takayuki , Kinguchi Sho , Yamashita Akio , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) is an established treatment for heart failure. However, whether ARNI has renoprotective effects beyond renin-angiotensin system inhibitors alone in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the effects of ARNI on the heart and kidneys of CRS model mice with overt albuminuria and identified the mechanisms underlying ARNI-induced kidney protection.

Methods and results
C57BL6 mice were subjected to chronic angiotensin II infusion, nephrectomy, and salt loading (ANS); they developed CRS phenotypes and were divided into the vehicle treatment (ANS-vehicle), sacubitril/valsartan treatment (ANS-ARNI), and two different doses of valsartan treatment (ANS-VAL M, ANS-VAL H) groups. Four weeks after treatment, the hearts and kidneys of each group were evaluated. The ANS-vehicle group showed cardiac fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, overt albuminuria, and kidney fibrosis. The ANS-ARNI group showed a reduction in cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction compared with the valsartan treatment groups. However, regarding the renoprotective effects characterized by albuminuria and fibrosis, ARNI was less effective than valsartan. Kidney transcriptomic analysis showed that the ANS-ARNI group exhibited a significant enhancement in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signalling pathway compared with the ANS-VAL M group. Adding PI3K inhibitor treatment to ARNI ameliorated kidney injury to levels comparable with those of ANS-VAL M while preserving the superior cardioprotective effect of ARNI.

Conclusion
PI3K pathway activation has been identified as a key mechanism affecting remnant kidney injury under ARNI treatment in CRS pathology, and blockading the PI3K pathway with simultaneous ARNI treatment is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating CRS with overt albuminuria.
Overcoming Barriers to Text and Data Mining in the Era of ChatGPT: The Proposed Data Act as a Game-Changer
Authors: Manteghi Maryna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Article 35 of the proposed Data Act intends to free databases comprised of machine-generated data from the constraints of sui generis database protection. The provision may provide some remedy for researchers facing challenges under the text and data mining (TDM) exceptions of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. However, the wording of Art. 35 may also raise questions and create legal uncertainties for scholars, as scientific research is not the main aim of the proposed legislation. This article argues that, even after the proposed Art. 35 of the Data Act, some databases comprised of machine-generated data may still fall within the scope of the sui generis database protection under certain circumstances. The discussion revolves, inter alia, around the concept of recorded data in the context of the ‘obtaining-creating dichotomy’, the use of mixed databases and the notion of derived or inferred data, and the issue of researchers’ access to machine-generated data. The findings of this article are intended to offer guidance to researchers using Artificial Intelligence tools, such as ChatGPT, to mine databases on how they may effectively avoid a potential infringement of the sui generis database right. The paper hopes to encourage new changes in the EU regulation on TDM that could create a more balanced and research-friendly framework.
Evaluation of Predict, a prognostic risk tool, after diagnosis of a second breast cancer
Authors: Deng Zhengyi , Jones Miranda R , Wolff Antonio C , Visvanathan Kala 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The UK National Health Service’s Predict is a clinical tool widely used to estimate the prognosis of early-stage breast cancer. The performance of Predict for a second primary breast cancer is unknown.

Methods
Women 18 years of age or older diagnosed with a first or second invasive breast cancer between 2000 and 2013 and followed for at least 5 years were identified from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Model calibration of Predict was evaluated by comparing predicted and observed 5-year breast cancer–specific mortality separately by estrogen receptor status for first vs second breast cancer. Receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve were used to assess model discrimination. Model performance was also evaluated for various races and ethnicities.

Results
The study population included 6729 women diagnosed with a second breast cancer and 357 204 women with a first breast cancer. Overall, Predict demonstrated good discrimination for first and second breast cancers (areas under the curve ranging from 0.73 to 0.82). Predict statistically significantly underestimated 5-year breast cancer mortality for second estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers (predicted-observed = ‒6.24%, 95% CI = ‒6.96% to ‒5.49%). Among women with a first estrogen receptor–positive cancer, model calibration was good (predicted-observed = ‒0.22%, 95% CI = ‒0.29% to ‒0.15%), except in non-Hispanic Black women (predicted-observed = ‒2.33%, 95% CI = ‒2.65% to ‒2.01%) and women 80 years of age or older (predicted-observed = ‒3.75%, 95% CI = ‒4.12% to ‒3.41%). Predict performed well for second estrogen receptor–negative cancers overall (predicted-observed = ‒1.69%, 95% CI = ‒3.99% to 0.16%) but underestimated mortality among those who had previously received chemotherapy or had a first cancer with more aggressive tumor characteristics. In contrast, Predict overestimated mortality for first estrogen receptor–negative cancers (predicted-observed = 4.54%, 95% CI = 4.27% to 4.86%).

Conclusion
The Predict tool underestimated 5-year mortality after a second estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer and in certain subgroups of women with a second estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer.
Large spontaneous lung hernia—a case report
Authors: Devan Nair Hareshdeva , Thapa Bibhusal , Bhagwat Krishna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intercostal lung hernias can be results of trauma or surgery. True spontaneous lung hernias thought to be a result of sudden acute increase in intrathoracic pressures are extremely rare. Only 51 cases have been reported in literature over the past four-and-half decades. We report a case of spontaneous chest wall posterior-lateral lung herniation that developed in a 73-year-old following severe coughing and straining during an episode of lower respiratory tract infection. Herein we present the unusual findings in the case and outline the pathophysiology of the problem and management options available.
Perceiving Threat
Authors: Stein Janice Gross 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the contribution of political psychology to the analysis of threat perception and assessment by individual leaders in international politics. It focuses on the perception of threat and two analytically distinct but closely related concepts, the perceptions of the credibility of the threat, and the resolve of the threatener. The chapter first examines five non-psychological explanations of threat perception that scholars of international relations have identified and then moves to the analysis of cognitive and emotion-driven theories of threat perception. Perception is closely connected to the predictions and judgments that motivate action. Especially important in processes of threat perception are cognitive patterns and heuristics, information processing, emotional states, patterns of inference and attribution, and patterns of assessment of the likelihood and intensity of threat (Kahneman and Tersky, 1983). The chapter concludes by situating these theories within broader explanations by evolutionary psychologists of threat perception.
Political Communication
Authors: Young Dannagal G. , Miller Joanne M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that the conventional theories and processes at the core of the discipline of political communication are rooted in assumptions that no longer hold and contexts that no longer exist. Today’s media users experience decentralized, interpersonal, horizontal, networked politically relevant communication every day. Users experience socially contextualized messaging within a networked system that is predicated on the economics and logics of media fragmentation and micro-segmentation. Message producers, political campaigns, and social media platforms integrate users’ social psychological characteristics into messaging content, aesthetics, and dissemination strategies. This chapter outlines how these qualitative changes necessitate a reimagining of the field of political communication. The shift away from traditional mass media models to networked, decentralized media systems through digital technologies has crucial implications for: (a) the scope of what constitutes political communication and (b) the integration of political psychology into the study of political communication.
Political Identities
Authors: Mason Lilliana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature and consequences of partisan and ideological identities. Such identities sit uncomfortably with normative ideals of democratic behavior because they can result in political behavior that is at odds with the ideal democratic citizen as rational, objective, and fully informed. Nonetheless, social identification with political groups drives political behavior and informs the study of citizens’ participation, organization, and judgment. This chapter reviews the application of social-psychological theories concerning social identity and intergroup conflict to political behavior. More specifically, the chapter reviews evidence on the effects of political identities on information processing, political action, political emotions, and prejudice against political opponents. The chapter makes clear that while voter political behavior is not often “rational” from an individual economic perspective, it is in line with predictable psychological motivations.
Emotional Processes in Intractable Conflicts
Authors: Cohen-Chen Smadar , Halperin Eran 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Emotions have been described as the psychological fuel driving and escalating intractable conflicts. The role of emotional processes in intractable conflicts can be studied from two perspectives. The first perspective is a descriptive one, in which scholars examine the crucial role played by individuals’ and groups’ emotional experiences in conflict situations. Here, emotions have been studied as both outcomes (of appraisals) and antecedents (of attitudes and behaviors). The second perspective is an interventionist one, focusing on the way emotional change (or regulation) can promote conciliatory attitudes and behaviors among the conflict’s involved parties. The following chapter offers an integrative model, bringing together both the descriptive and the interventionist approaches. The model encapsulates both the role of emotional experiences in preserving or transforming conflicts, and the potential role of emotion regulation strategies in contributing to conflict resolution efforts.
Biology and Politics
Authors: Settle Jaime , Detert Laurel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Evidence for the biological origins of politics first emerged as early as the 1970s, and the Politics and the Life Sciences journal was founded in 1982, a testament to nascent interest in the discipline. Recognition of the potential for biological measurement of political attitudes persisted throughout the 1980s and 1990s, but it has only been in the last 15 years that the biology and politics research agenda has emerged as a robust area of inquiry, integrating biological processes into the study of a wide variety of political outcomes. Although certain facets of the research agenda have inspired controversy, there has come to be wide recognition that biological approaches to understanding politics—often rooted in evolutionary perspectives—can be informative and complementary to a broad range of topics within political psychology, such as attitudes, identity, participation, interest, sophistication, and information processing.
Political Language
Authors: Hopkins Nick 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Politics is routinely prosecuted through the strategic crafting of representations of the social and material world designed to recruit support for the speaker’s social and political project. Such arguments routinely feature: constructions of the audience’s social identity that imply the speaker’s project is to be taken on by that audience as their own (and those of their opponents, rejected), interpretations of diverse culturally available resources (e.g., holy texts, national myths, metaphors) that lend authority to the speaker’s version of social and material reality, attacks on others’ constructions, and rebuttals of others’ attacks on one’s own position. This chapter reviews research addressing such features of political language across diverse domains (e.g., concerning abortion, industrial disputes, war), involving state and non-state actors, in both electoralist and non-electoralist politics.
Relationship of peak fluxes of solar radio bursts and X-ray class of solar flares: Application to early great solar flares
Authors: Matsumoto Keitarou , Masuda Satoshi , Shimojo Masumi , Hayakawa Hisashi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Large solar flares occasionally trigger significant space-weather disturbances that affect the technological infrastructures of modern civilization, and therefore require further investigation. Although these solar flares have been monitored by satellite observations since the 1970s, large solar flares occur only infrequently and restrict systematic statistical research owing to data limitations. However, Toyokawa Observatory has operated solar radio observations at low frequencies (at 3.75 and 9.4 GHz) since 1951 and captured the early great flares as solar radio bursts. To estimate the magnitudes of flares that occurred before the start of solar X-ray (SXR) observations with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) satellites, we show the relationship between microwave fluxes at 3.75 and 9.4 GHz and X-ray fluxes of flares that occurred after 1988. In total, we explored 341 solar flares observed with the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters and Toyokawa Observatory from 1988–2014 and compared them with the SXR observations recorded by the GOES satellites. The correlation coefficient was approximately 0.7. Therefore, the GOES X-ray class can be estimated from the peak flux at 3.75 and 9.4 GHz with a large variance and an error of factor of 3 (1σ). Thus, for the first time, we quantitatively estimated the light curves of two early solar flares observed in 1956 February by the Toyokawa solar radio observations using the relationship between SXR thermal radiation and microwave nonthermal radiation (Neupert, 1968, ApJ, 153, 59).
AGN number fraction in galaxy groups and clusters at z &lt; 1.4 from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
Authors: Hashiguchi Aoi , Toba Yoshiki , Ota Naomi , Oguri Masamune , Okabe Nobuhiro , Ueda Yoshihiro , Imanishi Masatoshi , Yamada Satoshi , Goto Tomotsugu , Koyama Shuhei , Lee Kianhong , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Nagao Tohru , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Noboriguchi Akatoki , Oogi Taira , Sakuta Koki , Schramm Malte , Shibata Mio , Terashima Yuichi , Yamashita Takuji , Yanagawa Anri , Yoshimoto Anje 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One of the key questions on active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxy clusters is how AGN could affect the formation and evolution of member galaxies and galaxy clusters in the history of the Universe. To address this issue, we investigate the dependence of AGN number fraction (fAGN) on cluster redshift (zcl) and distance from the cluster center (R$/$R200). We focus on more than 27000 galaxy groups and clusters at 0.1 &lt; zcl &lt; 1.4 with more than 1 million member galaxies selected from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam. By combining various AGN selection methods based on infrared (IR), radio, and X-ray data, we identify 2688 AGN. We find that (i) fAGN increases with zcl and (ii) fAGN decreases with R$/$R200. The main contributors to the rapid increase of fAGN towards high-z and cluster center are IR- and radio-selected AGN, respectively. These results indicate that the emergence of the AGN population depends on the environment and redshift, and galaxy groups and clusters at high z play an important role in AGN evolution. We also find that cluster–cluster mergers may not drive AGN activity in at least the cluster center, while we have tentative evidence that cluster–cluster mergers could enhance AGN activity in the outskirts of (particularly massive) galaxy clusters.
Gender difference in network relationship between inter-temporal decisions and prefrontal activation levels in internet gaming disorder
Authors: Zheng Hui , Zhou Weiran , Wang Min , Dong Hao-hao , Lu Chunlei , Zhang Jia-lin , Ma Xue-feng , Hu Yanbo , Dong Guang-Heng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Impulsivity and decision-making are key factors in addiction. However, little is known about how gender and time sensitivity affect impulsivity in internet gaming disorder (IGD).

Objective
To investigate the gender difference of impulsive decision-making and relevant brain responses in IGD.

Methods
We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with 123 participants, including 59 IGD individuals (26 females) and 64 matched recreational game users (RGUs, 23 females). Participants performed a delay-discounting task during fMRI scanning. We examined gender-by-group effects on behavioral and neural measures to explore the preference for immediate over delayed rewards and the associated brain activity. We also investigated the network correlations between addiction severity and behavioral and neural measures, and analyzed the mediating role of brain activity in the link between delay discounting parameters and IGD severity.

Results
We found significant gender-by-group interactions. The imaging results revealed gender-by-group interactions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Post hoc analysis indicated that, for females, RGUs showed higher activity than IGD individuals in these brain regions, while for males IGD individuals exhibited higher activity than RGUs. The activation in the left IFG mediated the relation between Internet Addiction Test score and discount rate in females. In males, the activation in the right dlPFC mediated the relation between IAT score and time sensitivity.

Discussion
Our findings imply that male IGD participants demonstrate impaired intertemporal decisions associated with neural dysfunction. Influencing factors for impulsive decision-making in IGD diverge between males (time sensitivity) and females (discount rate). These findings augment our comprehension of the neural underpinnings of gender differences in IGD and bear significant implications for devising effective intervention strategies for treating people with IGD.