bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are the non-weight bearing guidelines for the after treatment of calcaneal fractures still decisive? A Dutch survey among orthopaedic and trauma surgeons
Authors: Verstappen Coen , Driessen Mitchell L. S. , Kalmet Pishtiwan H. S. , Hermans Erik , Edwards Michael J. R. , Poeze Martijn 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The current rehabilitation for patients with surgically treated displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs) consists of non-weightbearing for 8–12 weeks. The purpose of the present survey was to investigate the current pre-, peri- and post-operative practices among Dutch foot and ankle surgeons. Moreover, it aims to analyze whether surgeons comply to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) guidelines and which decision criteria were used in the determination of the start of weightbearing.

Methods
A survey was distributed among Dutch trauma and orthopaedic surgeons to determine the most common practices in postoperative weightbearing in patients with DIACFs.

Results
75 surgeons responded to the survey. 33% of the respondents adhered to the AO guidelines. 4% of the respondents strictly followed non-weightbearing guidelines, while 96% interpret the AO guidelines or their local protocol freely, in any frequency. When respondents tended to deviate from the AO guidelines or local protocol, a good patients’ compliance to therapy was expected. 83% of the respondents started weightbearing on the fracture, based on reported patient complaints. 87% of the respondents did not see any relation between early weightbearing and the occurrence of complications, including loosening of osteosynthesis materials.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that there is limited consensus on the rehabilitation for DIACFs. Moreover, it shows that most surgeons are inclined to interpret the current (AO) guideline or their own local protocol freely. New guidelines, supported with well-founded literature, could help surgeons in a more appropriate daily practice in weightbearing for the rehabilitation of calcaneal fractures.
Cournotian duopolistic firms may be Walrasian: a case in the Gabszewicz and Vial model
Authors: Busetto Francesca , Codognato Giulio , Pavan Giorgia , Tonin Simone 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a refreshed version of the original model proposed by Gabszewicz and Vial (J Econ Theory 4:381–400, 1972) and we use their main example to review the main theoretical issues related to the notion of Cournot-Walras equilibrium. We compute, in the Gabszewicz and Vial main example, two different Cournot-Walras equilibria associated with different normalization rules. Moreover, in the same example, we compute a Utility-Cournot-Walras equilibrium as defined by Grodal (in: Allen (ed) Economics in a changing world, Macmillan, London, 1996) and we show that it coincides with the unique Walras equilibrium. Furthermore, using a proposition proved by Grodal (1996), we build a normalization rule with respect to which there is a Cournot-Walras equilibrium that coincides with the Utility-Cournot-Walras equilibrium and hence with the unique Walras equilibrium. To the best of our knowledge, this example provides the first case of Cournotian duopolistic firms being Walrasian in a production economy.
Estimating hydraulic conductivity correlation lengths of an aquitard by inverse geostatistical modelling of a pumping test
Authors: van Leer Martijn D. , Zaadnoordijk Willem Jan , Zech Alraune , Griffioen Jasper , Bierkens Marc F. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAquitards are common hydrogeological features in the subsurface. Typically, pumping tests are used to parameterize the hydraulic conductivity of heterogeneous aquitards. However, they do not take spatial variability and uncertainty into account. Alternatively, core-scale measurements of hydraulic conductivity are used in geostatistical upscaling methods, for which their correlation lengths are needed, but this information is extremely difficult to obtain. This study investigates whether a pumping test can be used to obtain the correlation lengths needed for geostatistical upscaling and account for the uncertainty about heterogeneous aquitard conductivity. Random realizations are generated from core-scale data with varying correlation lengths and inserted into a groundwater flow model which simulates the outcome of an actual pumping test. The realizations yielded a better fit to the pumping test data than the traditional pumping test result, assuming homogeneous layers are selected. Ranges of horizontal and vertical correlation lengths that fit the pumping-test well are found. However, considerable uncertainty regarding the correlation lengths remains, which should be considered when parameterizing a regional groundwater flow model.
Social information facilitates learning about novel food sources in adult flower-visiting bats
Authors: Rose Andreas , Tschapka Marco , Knörnschild Mirjam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncorporating novel food sources into their diet is crucial for animals in changing environments. Although the utilization of novel food sources can be learned individually, learning socially from experienced conspecifics may facilitate this task and enable a transmission of foraging-related innovations across a population. In anthropogenically modified habitats, bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) frequently adapt their feeding strategy to novel food sources, and corresponding social learning processes have been experimentally demonstrated in frugivorous and animalivorous species. However, comparable experiments are lacking for nectarivorous flower-visiting bats, even though their utilization of novel food sources in anthropogenically altered habitats is often observed and even discussed as the reason why bats are able to live in some areas. In the present study, we investigated whether adult flower-visiting bats may benefit from social information when learning about a novel food source. We conducted a demonstrator–observer dyad with wild Pallas’ long-tongued bats (Glossophaga soricina; Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) and hypothesized that naïve individuals would learn to exploit a novel food source faster when accompanied by an experienced demonstrator bat. Our results support this hypothesis and demonstrate flower-visiting bats to be capable of using social information to expand their dietary repertoire.
Exploiting ideal-sparsity in the generalized moment problem with application to matrix factorization ranks
Authors: Korda Milan , Laurent Monique , Magron Victor , Steenkamp Andries 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe explore a new type of sparsity for the generalized moment problem (GMP) that we call ideal-sparsity. In this setting, one optimizes over a measure restricted to be supported on the variety of an ideal generated by quadratic bilinear monomials. We show that this restriction enables an equivalent sparse reformulation of the GMP, where the single (high dimensional) measure variable is replaced by several (lower dimensional) measure variables supported on the maximal cliques of the graph corresponding to the quadratic bilinear constraints. We explore the resulting hierarchies of moment-based relaxations for the original dense formulation of GMP and this new, equivalent ideal-sparse reformulation, when applied to the problem of bounding nonnegative- and completely positive matrix factorization ranks. We show that the ideal-sparse hierarchies provide bounds that are at least as good (and often tighter) as those obtained from the dense hierarchy. This is in sharp contrast to the situation when exploiting correlative sparsity, as is most common in the literature, where the resulting bounds are weaker than the dense bounds. Moreover, while correlative sparsity requires the underlying graph to be chordal, no such assumption is needed for ideal-sparsity. Numerical results show that the ideal-sparse bounds are often tighter and much faster to compute than their dense analogs.
High-field magnetic resonance microscopy of aortic plaques in a mouse model of atherosclerosis
Authors: Castro Rita , Gullette Sean , Whalen Courtney , Mattie Floyd J. , Ge Ximing , Ross A. Catharine , Neuberger Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Pre-clinical models of human atherosclerosis are extensively used; however, traditional histological methods do not allow for a holistic view of vascular lesions. We describe an ex-vivo, high-resolution MRI method that allows the 3 dimensional imaging of the vessel for aortic plaque visualization and quantification.

Materials and methods
Aortas from apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice fed an atherogenic diet (group 1) or a control diet (group 2) were subjected to 14 T MR imaging using a 3D gradient echo sequence. The obtained data sets were reconstructed (Matlab), segmented, and analyzed (Avizo). The aortas were further sectioned and subjected to traditional histological analysis (Oil-Red O and hematoxylin staining) for comparison.

Results
A resolution up to 15 × 10x10 μm3 revealed that plaque burden (mm3) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group 1 (0.41 ± 0.25, n = 4) than in group 2 (0.01 ± 0.01, n = 3). The achieved resolution provided similar detail on the plaque and the vessel wall morphology compared with histology. Digital image segmentation of the aorta's lumen, plaque, and wall offered three-dimensional visualizations of the entire, intact aortas.

Discussion
14 T MR microscopy provided histology-like details of pathologically relevant vascular lesions. This work may provide the path research needs to take to enable plaque characterization in clinical applications.
The attenuation of macroseismic intensity in the volcanic island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy): comparison between deterministic and probabilistic models and application to seismic scenarios
Authors: Azzaro R. , D’Amico S. , Rotondi R. , Varini E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we tackle the problem of the intensity attenuation at Ischia, a critical parameter in a high seismic risk area such as this volcanic island. Starting from the new revised catalogue of local earthquakes, we select a dataset of 118 macroseismic observations related to the four main historical events and analyse the characteristics of the intensity attenuation according to both the deterministic and probabilistic approaches, under the assumption of a point seismic source and isotropic decay (circular spreading). In the deterministic analysis, we derive the attenuation law through an empirical model fitting the average values of ΔI (the difference between epicentral intensity I0 and intensities observed at a site IS) versus the epicentral distances by the least-square method. In the probabilistic approach, the distribution of IS conditioned on the epicentre-site distance is given through a binomial-beta model for each class of I0. In the Bayesian framework, the model parameter p is considered as a random variable to which we assign a Beta probability distribution on the basis of our prior belief derived from investigations on the attenuation in Italy. The mode of the binomial distribution is taken as the intensity expected at that site (Iexp). The entire calculation procedure has been implemented in a python plugin for QGIS® software that, given location and I0 (or magnitude) of the earthquake to be simulated, generates a probabilistic seismic scenario according to the deterministic or probabilistic models of attenuation. This tool may be applied in seismic risk analyses at a local scale or in the seismic surveillance to produce real-time intensity shake-maps for this volcanic area.
Impacts of storm disturbance and the role of the Feammox process in high nutrient riparian sediments
Authors: Sherman Arianna E. , Huang Shan , Jaffé Peter R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe extensive agricultural feedlot operations in the Neuse River Watershed (NRW) in North Carolina result in high nutrient loading, particularly of ammonium (NH4+). In September 2018, Hurricane Florence devastated large portions of the NRW, creating a unique opportunity to study the impact of such hydrological events on the biogeochemistry of riverine and riparian sediments. The high NH4+ concentrations, naturally acidic conditions, and elevated levels of ferric iron [Fe(III)] in Neuse River sediments and soils provide an ideal environment for Acidimicrobium sp. A6 (referred to hereon as A6), a bacterium capable of conducting the Feammox process in which NH4+ is oxidized while iron is reduced. A6 was observed in all sediment samples obtained from the Neuse River, and it is therefore predicted that this process may be an important mechanism for NH4+ removal in this river system. Incubations of NRW samples indicate that the NH4+ oxidation potential via the Feammox process in the NRW is comparable with aerobic NH4+ oxidation by heterotrophic microorganisms. Given the high demand for Fe(III) by the Feammox process, it has been unclear how such a process may occur in sedimentary environments where ferric iron [Fe(III)] might be depleted. The results presented here show that a major hydrologic storm event can result in an increase in Fe(III) and in an increase in the abundance of Fe-reducing bacteria, including Acidimicrobium sp. A6. These findings indicate that major hydrologic storm events may, via the delivery of Fe(III), be capable of enhancing Feammox activity in riverine sediments that favor the Feammox process.
Second and Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning through Digital Reading: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Tong , Zhang Yanhui , Irwin Derek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDigital reading facilitates L2 development by allowing anytime-anywhere learning with various digital resources. Although there has been increasing research exploring the role of digital reading on L2 vocabulary learning, synthesized evidence regarding the overall facilitating power of digital reading is still lacking. This meta-analysis aggregates 21 important empirical studies published within the last 20 years and indexed in scholarly recognized databases, so as to provide a comprehensive panoramic assessment of how effectively digital reading has enhanced second and foreign language vocabulary acquisition with diversified learner backgrounds and learning environments. A total of 77 effect sizes were yielded across different studies, and random-effect modeling was employed for analyzing the study-level heterogeneity and sub-group variability. Results demonstrate that digital reading had an overall significant effect (dimmediate = 1.45, p < .01; ddeleayed = 2.98, p < .01) on L2 vocabulary learning of between-subject studies. For within-subject studies, digital reading was found to have an upper-medium (d = 1.39, p < .01) and medium (d = .86, p < .01) effect on immediate and delayed L2 vocabulary post-tests. Moderating factor analysis results show that L2 proficiency, vocabulary test formats, and digital resources could robustly explain the variance of effect sizes. The findings have strong pedagogical implications on the effective design for digital reading tasks, including the development of adaptive learning algorithms and personalized lexical glosses. Recommendations for future research in the field are provided by pinpointing where to improve in terms of experimental design and the focus of the learner group.
Students’ Interactions During Laboratory Group Activity in a Science Museum
Authors: Shaby Neta , Assaraf Orit Ben-Zvi , Koch Nicole Pillemer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are relatively few studies examining cooperative learning during laboratory activities in a science museum. This study aims to explore such activities to better understand the nature of cooperative learning, if any, in that setting. The participants in this study were 60 fourth-grade students who visited a science museum lab as part of a school field trip. The students, divided into 12 groups, were videotaped and audio-recorded during group work consisting of balancing a scale. Our inductive data analysis of the observations revealed that although each group’s interactions were distinctive, common themes emerged. Moreover, even though the group work required cooperative learning, students did not engage in such. Students mostly instructed each other on how to operate the scale, with no scientific explanations. As the students did not know how to work together in order to solve the task, frustration abounded. This research adds to the body of knowledge about lab activities in science museum and offer practical implication to design more effective activities in these settings. Careful pedagogy and thoughtful facilitation can contribute to the students’ learning outcomes; therefore, educators should consider the following: ensuring students have sufficient prior knowledge, having the museum educator play the role of a mediator, taking steps to reduce the level of student frustration, and planning additional activities that promote the learning outcomes of the activity.
Gender and the Social Cure in Undergraduate Physics Students: Physics Identity, Self-efficacy, Belonging, and Wellbeing
Authors: Bottomley Ewan , Wild Vivienne , Miles Paula J. , Mavor Kenneth I. , Kohnle Antje 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The social cure is the concept that strong connections and social bonds are good for wellbeing and physical health. Having strong social support makes hardship easier to cope with. We hypothesize that we could apply the relationship to educational contexts, with a sense of belonging as part of the cohort or community helping students to cope with educational hurdles, resulting in greater wellbeing. We examined the case of women in physics. Previous research has suggested that women in physics classes report a lesser sense of belonging than men. We aimed to replicate this finding and examine how a sense of belonging relates to wellbeing. We surveyed 310 physics students (205 men, 105 women) from a small research-intensive university in the UK. The survey measured students’ physics identity, sense of belonging to the physics community, self-efficacy (belief in ability to complete physics-based tasks), and general wellbeing. We found that women and men reported similar levels of belonging and wellbeing, although women reported less physics identity and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy explained a significant fraction of the variance in wellbeing for both men and women. Additionally, belonging explained variance in wellbeing over and above self-efficacy and physics identity for men, but not for women. These results indicate that for men there is a stronger association between belonging and wellbeing, compared to women, but that it does not result in women having an overall lower sense of wellbeing.
A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Hawes David J , Allen Jennifer L 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child maltreatment and other adversities in the home context and beyond (e.g., witnessing domestic violence; parental mental illness; parental separation; living in a disadvantaged neighborhood) are prevalent in the population and often covary together. Research based on the construct of ACEs has transformed the field of adult mental health, yet child and adolescent mental health has often been overlooked in this work. This special issue of Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology focuses on the developmental science of ACEs and child psychopathology. The research presented here draws on the extensive evidence base that now exists regarding the co-occurrence of common childhood adversities, while informing the integration of theory and research on ACEs with that of developmental psychopathology at large. This Introduction provides an overview of ACEs and child mental health from a developmental psychopathology perspective, with an emphasis on key concepts and recent progress spanning the prenatal period through to adolescence and intergenerational pathways. Models of ACEs that emphasize the multi-dimensional nature of adversity and the importance of developmental timing to risk and protective pathways, have played a driving role in this progress. Methodological innovations in this work are highlighted, along with implications for prevention and intervention.
HIV Protease Hinge Region Insertions at Codon 38 Affect Enzyme Kinetics, Conformational Stability and Dynamics
Authors: Sheik Ismail Zaahida , Worth Roland , Mosebi Salerwe , Sayed Yasien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHIV-1 protease is essential for the production of mature, infectious virions and is a major target in antiretroviral therapy. We successfully purified a HIV-1 subtype C variant, L38↑N↑L− 4, containing an insertion of asparagine and leucine at position 38 without the four background mutations - K20R, E35D, R57K, V82I using a modified purification protocol. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that 50% of the variant protease sample was in the active conformation compared to 62% of the wild type protease. The secondary structure composition of the variant protease was unaffected by the double insertion. The specific activity and kcat values of the variant protease were approximately 50% lower than the wild type protease values. The variant protease also exhibited a 1.6-fold increase in kcat/KM when compared to the wild type protease. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a 5 °C increase in Tm of the variant protease, indicating the variant was more stable than the wild type. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated the variant was more stable and compact than the wild type protease. A 3–4% increase in the flexibility of the hinge regions of the variant protease was observed. In addition, increased flexibility of the flaps, cantilever and fulcrum regions of the variant protease B chain was observed. The variant protease sampled only the closed flap conformation indicating a potential mechanism for drug resistance. The present study highlights the direct impact of a double amino acid insertion in hinge region on enzyme kinetics, conformational stability and dynamics of an HIV-1 subtype C variant protease.
Iteration Complexity of Fixed-Step Methods by Nesterov and Polyak for Convex Quadratic Functions
Authors: Hagedorn Melinda , Jarre Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis note considers the momentum method by Polyak and the accelerated gradient method by Nesterov, both without line search but with fixed step length applied to strongly convex quadratic functions assuming that exact gradients are used and appropriate upper and lower bounds for the extreme eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix are known. Simple 2-d-examples show that the Euclidean distance of the iterates to the optimal solution is non-monotone. In this context, an explicit bound is derived on the number of iterations needed to guarantee a reduction of the Euclidean distance to the optimal solution by a factor $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
. For both methods, the bound is optimal up to a constant factor, it complements earlier asymptotically optimal results for the momentum method, and it establishes another link of the momentum method and Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method.