bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Biological Aspects of Political Attitudes
Authors: Henderson David , Schneider Stephen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Several sets of investigators have recently undertaken projects exploring how biological differences and closely related psychological tendencies may give rise to differing political and social orientations. Of course, the idea that there are such biological roots is not new, but one finds a flowering of work on the matter in recent political science and closely related fields. This chapter seeks to provide a compact survey of some central recent work, and to provide a general philosophical perspective on that work by drawing on the mechanistic explanation framework from the philosophy of biology.
Explaining Institutional Change
Authors: Aydinonat N. Emrah , Ylikoski Petri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the challenge of explaining institutional change, asking whether the much-criticized rational-choice perspective can contribute to the understanding of institutional change in political science. It discusses the methodological reasons why rational-choice institutionalism (RCI) often assumes that institutional change is exogenous and discontinuous, and identifies and explores the possible pathways along which RCI can be extended to be more useful in understanding institutional change in political science. Finally, the Chapter reflects on what RCI theorizing would look like if it started to take endogenous change seriously: by giving up some of its simplifying assumptions, RCI can be a useful tool for analyzing institutional change, but choosing this path has consequences for the generality of the models in RCI as well as for the style of its theorizing.
Public Choice versus Social Choice as Theories of Collective Action
Authors: Zamora-Bonilla Jesús 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The existence and necessity of collective goods and collective actions is one of the characterizing properties of political reality. From the point of view of economics, the nature of collective goods has been studied especially through what is known as “the theory of public goods,” and the positive and normative properties of collective choice has been analyzed through several formal approaches, among which the two most important are “social choice theory” and “public choice theory.” This chapter offers a panoramic historical survey of these three theories and of their mutual relations.
Sexual Conflict During Relationship Maintenance
Authors: Kennair Leif Edward Ottesen , Grøntvedt Trond Viggo , Kessler Andrea Melanie , Bendixen Mons 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sexual conflict is the conflict between the evolutionary interests of individuals of different sexes. Sexual conflict may result in sexually antagonistic coevolution, producing sex-specific adaptations that are involved in cooperation and conflict concerning sex and other mating-relevant aspects between individual men and women. Sexual conflict is studied in many species; however, human long-term relationship maintenance provides a special case. The current chapter introduces the concept of sexual conflict and considers sexual conflict in the context of species-specific and species-typical long-term relationship maintenance. Different expressions of this include phenomena such as parental investment conflict, relationship satisfaction, intercourse frequency in couples, mate retention tactics, jealousy, infidelity, threat to the relationship, breakup, and forgiveness. Evolutionary psychology theory and empirical findings from studies of these phenomena will be presented and discussed within a metanarrative of how human evolved psychology influences contemporary romantic relationships.
Physical Cues of Partner Quality
Authors: Stephen Ian D. , Luoto Severi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The dominant evolutionary theory of sexual attraction posits that attraction serves as a psychobehavioral and motivational mechanism for identifying healthy, fertile, and appropriate mates. According to this theory, humans and animals display cues that reflect their mate quality and, if successful, are perceived as attractive by potential mates. There is evidence for such valid cues in human faces, bodies, and non-bodily traits, which include adornments and items that signal provisioning ability, creativity, artistic skills, or conspicuous consumption. In this chapter, we discuss the evidence for the existence of these facial, bodily, and non-bodily cues and for their role in communicating aspects of partner quality, including health, fertility, developmental stability, genetic quality, and potential for parental investment. We further discuss sex differences in the physical cues that men and women rely on in mate choice. We conclude by highlighting the centrality and evolutionary importance of physical cues in contemporary sexual selection, and how they manifest in evolutionarily novel inventions such as physical self-enhancements, “sexy selfies,” social media, and online dating.
Mate Poaching, Infidelity, and Mate Switching
Authors: Everett Ryan Joshua , Lemay Edward P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Most humans today practice social monogamy, characterized by exclusive, long-term attachments with a single other individual with whom they share emotional and sexual intimacy. However, people are prone to stray from these bonds. We review research on infidelity, mate poaching, and mate-switching behaviors. Infidelity entails the intimate (i.e., sexual, emotional, or both) involvement of one individual with another while in an exclusive relationship. Mate poaching entails attempts to seduce an individual who is already mated to another with the intention to usurp their partner, and mate switching consists of dissolving one relationship to form a new relationship with another. We review theory and empirical findings related to these phenomena, with a focus on evolved psychological mechanisms that explain why and how people engage in these behaviors, and what consequences they have. This research suggests that infidelity, mate poaching, and mate switching are influenced by sex differences in desire for emotional investment and in sexual frequency and variety, and by individual differences in preferences for novel experiences, antisocial tendencies, sexual permissiveness, and attachment orientation. It also suggests that relationship attributes, including relationship satisfaction, and situational factors, including quality of alternatives and opportunity, relate to why and how people pursue extradyadic partners, poach, and switch mates. We describe the evolutionary significance of these mechanisms, assess the extent to which research findings relate to these mechanisms, and discuss future research directions to increase our understanding of why and how these behaviors have been selected for over human evolutionary history.
Dissolution of LGBTQ+ Relationships
Authors: Redlick Holland Madeleine , Lannutti Pamela J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In considering the nature of romantic relationship dissolution, it is important to recognize the unique experience that LGBTQ+ couples may have in the modern world. Specifically, as argued by Lannutti (2014), dynamic sociocultural contextual factors related to these relationships, such as discrimination and changes in legal recognition, may meaningfully affect the relational lives of non-heterosexual people. This assertion, that sociocultural context plays a meaningful role in the dissolution of romantic relationships, is echoed by evolutionary scholars. Thus, in this chapter, we seek to highlight research that recognizes the unique experience of LGBTQ+ relationship dissolution. Although the corpus of knowledge regarding LGBTQ+ relationship dissolution remains sparse, we will provide an overview of what knowledge has been generated up to this point. To begin, we will engage the somewhat thorny topic of how LGBTQ+ relationships have been incorporated into evolutionary theorizing and research. Following this discussion, we articulate some dissolution-relevant relationship features that make the experience of being in a LGBTQ+ relationship different from that of a mixed-sex relationship. Next, we discuss how the actual process of dissolution might differ in LGBTQ+ relationships. Where possible, we draw out insights that evolutionary perspectives may offer in interpreting some of the findings we review. Finally, we offer areas in which we feel that research on LGBTQ+ relationship dissolution can grow moving forward.
Relationship Dissolution Among Adults
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The end of a marriage or cohabitation is an intrusive life course event witnessed within a substantial number of romantic relationships. The uncoupling of relationships has transformed the family lives of both adults and children in most Western countries for the past half-century. This chapter first looks into the phenomenon from a legal perspective delineating when a breakup is witnessed and registered. Next, we examine both the causes and the consequences of breakups. For antecedents of divorce, we focus on intergenerational inheritance of breakups, educational attainment, economic risk factors, personality, and health. We also touch upon protective factors in a relationship that decreases the risk of ending a relationship. When taking consequences into account, the chapter is limited to adults. The chapter describes the financial consequences of divorce, their health, networks and lone parenthood, and poverty after divorce. The chapter concludes with a prospect of the future of this field.
Intrasexual Mating Competition
Authors: Krems Jaimie Arona , Bradshaw Hannah K. , Merrie Laureon A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the mating domain, same-sex conspecifics can be competitors when pursuing, attracting, and retaining desirable partners. We provide (a) an overview of the major metatheories (e.g., obligate parental investment and biological markets) that bear on intrasexual competition for mates; (b) explore support for predictions derived from these metatheories in empirical research on females’ and males’ intrasexual mating competition; and also discuss (c) robust evidence consistent with the core premise of intrasexual mating competition—that members of each sex compete with rivals to gain and retain access to mates, and that this competition centers on features that the other sex finds particularly desirable. Moreover, the tactics of this competition often differ in revealing ways. Whereas examples in both human and nonhuman animals are considered, the current work focuses on the causes, consequences, and modes of intrasexual mating competition among heterosexual men and women, but we nevertheless conclude by highlighting important qualifiers and limitations in existing work with an eye toward future research (e.g., on women, non-heterosexual relationships, and parents) that challenges our current conceptualizations of the boundaries of intrasexual mating competition.
How Life Events Are Integrated into the Self as Memories
Authors: Philippe Frederick L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter proposes a memory approach to the question of integration in self-determination theory. It suggests that life events are critical to the integrative process, as they represent the success or failure of humans’ interactions with the environment. Their encoding as memories and their cognitive organizations help to reduce uncertainty by providing humans with the capacity to predict what will occur in similar future situations. Three qualities relative to the integration of life events are presented along with empirical evidence supporting them: (1) the encoding and reconstruction of life events in memory as need satisfying, (2) their incorporation as event memories in need-satisfying memory networks, and (3) their integration in higher-level representations, notably through emotion regulation processes. Overall, it is shown that the organismic concept of integration from self-determination theory is in line with other neurocognitive theories on memory and the functioning of the brain. The combination of memory theories with self-determination theory appears as a fruitful research avenue to the study of the integrative process.
Toward a Neurobiology of Integrative Processes
Authors: Di Domenico Stefano I. , Ryan Richard M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Integrative processes refer to people’s strivings to develop and exercise their capacities for autonomous self-regulation. This chapter highlights the importance of integration within Self-Determination Theory (SDT), surveys the psychological research on the topic, and reviews the burgeoning neuroscience research on integrative processes. This chapter proposes that integration is multifaceted and that different neural networks orchestrate specific integrative processes. Different brain regions are seen as nodes operating within and across multiple decentralized networks that support the experiential and behavioral aspects of integrative processes already known to SDT scholars. This chapter additionally reviews some of the neuroscientific methods available to SDT researchers and flags conceptual difficulties in this emerging area of research that seeks to connect complex phenomenology with biology.
Psychometric Approaches in Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Howard Joshua L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The valid measurement of psychological constructs is an essential and necessary component of research within self-determination theory (SDT). Without effective scales and psychometric practices, the meaning and knowledge contributed by any given study is severely undermined. This chapter discusses various psychometric approaches that have been applied to examine multidimensional constructs within SDT, such as basic psychological needs, motivational regulation types, and sources of autonomy support. The chapter covers both traditional and contemporary approaches including confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis as we all as higher-order and bifactor models. Several directions for further attention are discussed, notably the benefits to SDT that can be seen from publicly available data of published studies.
With My Self
Authors: Weinstein Netta , Nguyen Thuy-vy , Hansen Heather 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Solitude—spending time alone and not interacting with others—may be conducive to well-being and personal growth because individuals take the opportunity to self-connect. This chapter argues that self-determination theory provides a useful framework for understanding the dispositional and situational conditions for positive solitude, and why benefits arise. The chapter reviews the roles of preference, self-determined motivation, and choice as reasons individuals may find themselves alone, and it explores personal capacity for solitude as driven by an autonomous orientation. It offers a conceptual model describing positive characteristics of solitude, including quietude, fewer social demands, and less imposed structure, and links those with a number of affordances of solitude, namely, choice, freedom from pressure, and self-connection. In solitude, we can feel empowered to think, feel, and do what we want, and exercising those choices can foster a feeling of self-connection that promotes awareness, understanding, and personal growth.
Motivation and Self-Regulation in Music, Musicians, and Music Education
Authors: Evans Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
When self-determination theory (SDT) researchers study musicians, they find psychological needs-satisfying experiences and intrinsic motivation in abundance. But learning music is difficult and poses unique challenges to needs-satisfying experiences, including long, slow learning curves, performance anxieties, and pressure from parents and teachers. At more advanced levels of training, stress, competitiveness, perfectionism, high-stakes evaluations, and financial pressures can all influence intrinsic motivation and persistence. Pervading all music learning contexts is the need to practice, which itself requires considerable motivational resources to sustain regularly and with attention and engagement. This chapter discusses music as both an evolved means for the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and a medium for the expression of self and social identity. It reviews research studies in music education, showing the importance of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation for practice, self-regulated learning, enjoyment, and long-term persistence in music learning across a range of contexts, including childhood music experiences, lessons in music studios, school music education experiences, and advanced training in higher education. Across these levels of experience with music SDT research reveals the intrinsic benefits of music and helps explain the varied outcomes observed in music education.
Self-Determination Theory Applied to Sport
Authors: Standage Martyn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sports so acutely illustrate human motivation (i.e., “being moved into action”). To understand the motivational dynamics of sports, researchers have tested propositions within self-determination theory (SDT) for more than 40 years. Here, SDT provides a broad and coherent theoretical perspective to explain the social conditions that promote high-quality forms of athlete motivation and thriving as well as those that contribute to ill-being and impoverished functioning. In this chapter, empirical research findings are collated to review (1) SDT’s multidimensional perspective of motivation; (2) the motivational and wellness benefits of satisfying, as opposed to frustrating, the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness; and (3) how the functional significance of various elements of sporting environments differentially affect motivation and sport-related outcomes as a function of being need-supporting or need-thwarting. Practical recommendations are organized around the concept of basic psychological needs. Finally, several directions for future research in sport settings are offered.
Self-Determination Theory in Physical Activity Contexts
Authors: Wang John C. K. , Hagger Martin S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Regular participation in physical activities of sufficient duration and intensity has been consistently associated with adaptive health benefits among people of all ages, including special populations. This chapter provides a review on self-determination theory in the physical activity contexts. First, the chapter presents the benefits of and guidelines on regular physical activity participation. Next, it reviews the effectiveness of self-determination theory in identifying the determinants of physical activity behavior and the processes involved. Specifically, the relationships between psychological need satisfaction, autonomous motivation, and physical activity participation will be examined. Next, the chapter reviews studies related to the process of internalization in physical activity participation and intervention studies in creating an autonomy-supportive environment. It also reviews studies that integrate self-determination theory with other theories. Finally, it identifies future directions for research applying the theory in the physical activity domain.
The Transdiagnostic Role of the Basic Psychological Needs in Psychopathology
Authors: van der Kaap-Deeder Jolene 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Self-determination theory (SDT) states that the satisfaction of individuals’ basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is crucial for well-being and thriving, whereas the frustration of these needs is assumed to engender ill-being and even psychopathology. This chapter presents an overview of the work done on the relation between the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness and psychopathology. Current empirical evidence suggests that especially need frustration plays a crucial role in different types of psychopathology, thereby emphasizing the transdiagnostic role of the needs. This chapter also discusses different ways in which especially need frustration can relate to psychopathology and how this fits within the broader transdiagnostic literature. Finally, important avenues for future research are identified.
Leadership
Authors: Van den Broeck Anja , Slemp Gavin R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Leaders have a strong impact on employee motivation. Scholars have thus invested considerable effort toward investigating which leadership styles relate to employee motivation, as well as organizational dynamics that impact these relationships, using self-determination theory (SDT) as a guiding framework. This has led to two prevailing yet relatively disparate research streams, one heavily invested in the motivational effects of the more classic leadership frameworks typically examined in the industrial and organizational psychology literature (e.g., transformational leadership) and another descendant of early SDT research on the effects of motivating styles (e.g., autonomy support). This chapter seeks to bridge these two parallel streams, presenting an overview of the most important research findings in both traditions and highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. It concludes by presenting a way forward with recommendations for future research.
Self-Determination Theory and International Development
Authors: Sayanagi Nobuo R. , van Egmond Marieke C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
SDT has much to offer international development, especially as a counterpoint to the extrinsic incentive bias and hedonic stance that are prevalent in the field. Although the number of studies is still limited, existing studies in the context of international development and poverty generally support the basic propositions of SDT, especially in regard to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and intervention outcomes. Theoretically, SDT-based interventions should also promote eudaimonia, although empirical investigation is warranted. Research in international development could, in turn, bring about new perspectives to SDT, for example, that basic psychological need satisfaction seems to moderate the undermining effect. As international development is a field that is new to not just SDT but psychology in general, there will be many challenges in conducting research, such as the lack of valid psychometric measures and ethical guidelines.
Social Issues
Authors: Curren Randall 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a contextualized overview of self-determination theory’s (SDT) contributions to the theory and practice of addressing social issues. It addresses the contested role of basic needs in social philosophy and explains the relationships between basic psychological needs and accounts of basic human needs that have been influential in global justice studies. It argues that autonomy, competence, and positive relatedness constitute a comprehensive set of basic human needs that societies and global development efforts should aim to enable individuals to satisfy. It addresses the significance of SDT research for eudaimonic justice, intergenerational justice, the social welfare versus individual responsibility debate, and the basis of social cooperation. The chapter also addresses SDT’s contributions to addressing problems of sustainability, education, work, and civic culture. It shows how SDT research on human flourishing, materialism, experience of nature, and motivation for environmentally beneficial behaviors are providing a basis for policies conducive to sustainability, understood as the long-term preservation of opportunities to live well. It surveys key SDT findings on need support, motivation, performance, and well-being in educational and work settings. Finally, it concludes that SDT research is contributing to theorical understandings of justice focused on basic needs and human flourishing, while addressing a variety of important social issues and providing a wealth of actionable guidance for strengthening cooperation and improving the functioning of schools, workplaces, and other institutions.