bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual case report of a subhepatic appendix and an interlobar hepatic bridge in a patient with acute cholecystitis
Authors: McGuin Carissa , Pillay Yagan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA subhepatic appendix and an interlobar hepatic bridge are both rare anatomical variants. To find both entities in the same patient at the time of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy makes for a unique case report. Subhepatic appendicitis has a reported incidence of 0.08%, and there have been only published three case reports of an interlobar hepatic bridge. Their lack of involvement in acute cholecystitis facilitated an easier dissection process and prevented serious complications to the liver or the right hemi-colon.
Associations between apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, lipoprotein(a), and the risk of metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases in a Korean population
Authors: Park Kyoung-Jin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is new nomenclature for the fatty liver condition associated with metabolic dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the association between apolipoprotein B/A1 (apo B/A1) ratio, lipoprotein(a), and MAFLD in a Korean population.

Methods
This study consisted of 14,419 subjects in the Korean population. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze the association between apo B/A1 ratio and MAFLD.

Results
The prevalence of MAFLD in the general Korean population was 34.5%. The apo B/A1 ratio (odds ratio: 3.913, P = .019) was independently associated with MAFLD. Lipoprotein(a) was significantly lower in patients with MAFLD with hepatic fibrosis (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusion
Apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio and lipoprotein(a) have opposite associations with MAFLD. This study suggests that lipoprotein(a) should be used with caution as a biomarker for MAFLD, especially in patients with hepatic fibrosis.
An idealized model for collapse of a molecular core within a filament
Authors: Slepian Zachary , Cahn Robert N 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an analytic treatment of the self-similar collapse of a uniform density ellipsoid to linear order in the deviations from sphericity. First we obtain a self-consistent closed-form solution for the evolution of an isolated ellipsoid and then impose the effects of an external forcing. This model describes the evolution under gravity of a pre-stellar core of molecular gas embedded in a much larger and lower-density filament. We compare with numerical solutions for the collapse without the limitation of small deviations. These show how the external perturbing force producing the initial deviation from sphericity is eventually surpassed by the anisotropic forces generated by the collapsing ellipsoid itself. This model should be useful in interpreting the way in which environment shapes the evolution of pre-stellar cores.
Tracing Eastern Wolf Origins From Whole-Genome Data in Context of Extensive Hybridization
Authors: Vilaça Sibelle T , Donaldson Michael E , Benazzo Andrea , Wheeldon Tyler J , Vizzari Maria Teresa , Bertorelle Giorgio , Patterson Brent R , Kyle Christopher J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoutheastern Canada is inhabited by an amalgam of hybridizing wolf-like canids, raising fundamental questions regarding their taxonomy, origins, and timing of hybridization events. Eastern wolves (Canis lycaon), specifically, have been the subject of significant controversy, being viewed as either a distinct taxonomic entity of conservation concern or a recent hybrid of coyotes (C. latrans) and grey wolves (C. lupus). Mitochondrial DNA analyses show some evidence of eastern wolves being North American evolved canids. In contrast, nuclear genome studies indicate eastern wolves are best described as a hybrid entity, but with unclear timing of hybridization events. To test hypotheses related to these competing findings we sequenced whole genomes of 25 individuals, representative of extant Canadian wolf-like canid types of known origin and levels of contemporary hybridization. Here we present data describing eastern wolves as a distinct taxonomic entity that evolved separately from grey wolves for the past ∼67,000 years with an admixture event with coyotes ∼37,000 years ago. We show that Great Lakes wolves originated as a product of admixture between grey wolves and eastern wolves after the last glaciation (∼8,000 years ago) while eastern coyotes originated as a product of admixture between “western” coyotes and eastern wolves during the last century. Eastern wolf nuclear genomes appear shaped by historical and contemporary gene flow with grey wolves and coyotes, yet evolutionary uniqueness remains among eastern wolves currently inhabiting a restricted range in southeastern Canada.
Adaptive Evolution of the Spike Protein in Coronaviruses
Authors: Tang Xiaolu , Qian Zhaohui , Lu Xuemei , Lu Jian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Coronaviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that can infect many mammal and avian species. The Spike (S) protein of coronaviruses binds to a receptor on the host cell surface to promote viral entry. The interactions between the S proteins of coronaviruses and receptors of host cells are extraordinarily complex, with coronaviruses from different genera being able to recognize the same receptor and coronaviruses from the same genus able to bind distinct receptors. As the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has developed, many changes in the S protein have been under positive selection by altering the receptor-binding affinity, reducing antibody neutralization activities, or affecting T-cell responses. It is intriguing to determine whether the selection pressure on the S gene differs between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other coronaviruses due to the host shift from nonhuman animals to humans. Here, we show that the S gene, particularly the S1 region, has experienced positive selection in both SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Although the S1 N-terminal domain exhibits signals of positive selection in the pairwise comparisons in all four coronavirus genera, positive selection is primarily detected in the S1 C-terminal domain (the receptor-binding domain) in the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, possibly owing to the change in host settings and the widespread natural infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in humans.
Integrative Review of Introductory Guitar Teaching Research and Recommendations for Music Therapy Education
Authors: Umeda Livia S , Dvorak Abbey L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Guitar is a primary clinical instrument for many music therapists; however, minimal research focuses on effective guitar teaching methods (GTMs) in music therapy education. The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize and critically evaluate the existing literature on GTMs to develop recommendations for music therapy guitar education. The research questions included: (a) What are the characteristics (i.e. participants, study design, teaching method, course type, dosage) of studies using GTMs in music therapy education and training? (b) What are the measures, outcomes, and de/limitations from GTMs studies in music therapy education? Three studies met the criteria. These studies included GTMs of behavioral contracting, audio and video modeling, and learning music “by ear.” Studies indicated that (a) playing “by ear” may improve student musicianship, (b) experienced instructor modeling improves learning, (c) evaluation could include accuracy behavioral markers, and (d) experiential and social learning benefit students in introductory guitar courses. Implications for music therapy education and training and recommendations for further research are discussed.
The Voice Essential: Exploring Oral Traditions in the Study of Vocal Improvisation
Authors: Mondanaro John , Nicholas-Curnutte Emily 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The voice—from the utility of oral traditions to the pedagogy of singing as performance—is essential to the human experience, yet its use of it has become the narrow purview of those privileged enough to study or make a career out of teaching or performing. In this article, the authors lend unique perspectives on the voice as an instrument of tremendous capacity by providing a lens on its utility in oral traditions. Lullaby, chants, work songs, and vendor songs as specific oral traditions offer entry points to understanding vocal utility that synthesizes both practicalities with aesthetics. Their study within the context of vocal improvisation offers much value to those seeking an understanding of the voice’s potential and for those whose access and comfort with their own voice has been diminished. Such liberation afforded by the exploration of these oral traditions can inform the work of music therapists, voice coaches, students, and everyday singers.
Factors Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Uptake Among Pregnant Women and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Jamaica
Authors: Pinkney Jodian A , Bogart Laura M , Carroll Kamali N , Bryan Lenroy , Witter Givana , Ashour Dina , Shebl Fatma M , Hurtado Rocio M , Goldfarb Ilona T , Hyle Emily P , Psaros Christina , Ojikutu Bisola O 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite high rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related maternal mortality, Jamaica currently has little data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey of 192 reproductive-aged women in Jamaica from February 1 to 8, 2022. Participants were recruited from a convenience sample of patients, providers, and staff at a teaching hospital. We assessed self-reported COVID-19 vaccination status and COVID-19-related medical mistrust (operationalized as vaccine confidence, government mistrust, and race-based mistrust). We used multivariable modified Poisson regression to test the association between vaccine uptake and pregnancy.

Results
Of 192 respondents, 72 (38%) were pregnant. Most (93%) were Black. Vaccine uptake was 35% in pregnant women versus 75% in nonpregnant women. Pregnant women were more likely to cite healthcare providers versus the government as trustworthy sources of COVID-19 vaccine information (65% vs 28%). Pregnancy, low vaccine confidence, and government mistrust were associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.68 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .49–.95], aPR = 0.61 [95% CI, .40–.95], and aPR = 0.68 [95% CI, .52–.89], respectively). Race-based mistrust was not associated with COVID-19 vaccination in the final model.

Conclusions
Pregnancy, low vaccine confidence, and government mistrust were associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination among reproductive-aged women in Jamaica. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of strategies proven to improve maternal vaccination coverage, including standing “opt-out” vaccination orders and collaborative provider and patient-led educational videos tailored for pregnant individuals. Strategies that decouple vaccine messaging from government agencies also warrant evaluation.
Capturing Resilience: Utilizing the Brief Child and Youth Resilience Measure with Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Authors: Craig Shelley L , Eaton Andrew D , Leung Vivian W Y 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study explores the relevance of the brief Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-12) for sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) aged 14–23 (N = 4,810), compares their patterns of resilience with general youth populations, and explores distinctions between key subgroups of SGMY. SGMY reported significantly lower scores, indicating poorer outcomes, than non-SGMY in several CYRM-12 items, especially those addressing familial and community support. Older SGMY (aged 19–23) reported significantly higher CYRM-12 scores than younger SGMY (aged 14–18; t = 11.00, p &lt; .001). Compared with their non-SGMY counterparts, SGMY reported significantly lower scores regarding supportive parental relationships, connection to offline community, and school belongingness yet reported higher scores regarding the importance of education. Three factors contributed to SGMY resilience: (1) peer and community belonging, (2) familial and cultural support, and (3) youth’s personal attributes and self-efficacy. The results of this study also suggest that measuring resilience in SGMY should incorporate online as well as offline sources. Recommendations to enhance the CYRM-12 to capture the experiences of SGMY for social work research and practice are provided.
Surgical Approach and Dislocation Risk After Hemiarthroplasty in Geriatric Patients With Femoral Neck Fracture With and Without Cognitive Impairments—Does Cognitive Impairment Influence Dislocation Risk?
Authors: Page Brian Joseph , Parsons Miles Stanley , Lee Josh Ho-sung , Dennison Joel Graham , Hammonds Kendall Pye , Brennan Kindyle Losey , Lee Brennan Michael , Lee Stahl Dan 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
To determine whether there is an association between surgical approach and dislocation risk in patients with cognitive impairment compared with those without cognitive impairment treated with hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Large, multicenter health system.

Patients/Participants:
One thousand four hundred eighty-one patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. 828 hips met inclusion criteria, 290 (35.0%) were cognitively impaired, and 538 (65.0%) were cognitively intact.

Intervention:
Hemiarthroplasty.

Main Outcome Measure:
Prosthetic hip dislocation.

Results:
The overall dislocation rate was 2.1% (17 of 828), 3.4% (10 of 290) in the cognitively impaired group, and 1.3% (7 of 538) in the cognitively intact group with a median time to dislocation of 20.5 days (range 2–326 days), 24.5 days (range 3–326 days), and 19.0 days (range 2–36 days), respectively. In the entire cohort, there were no dislocations (0 of 58) with the direct anterior approach (DA); 1.1% (6 of 553) and 5.1% (11 of 217) dislocated with the modified Hardinge (MH) and posterior approaches (PA), respectively. In the cognitively impaired group, there were no dislocations with the DA (0 of 19); 1.5% (3 of 202) and 10.1% (7 of 69) dislocated with the MH and PA, respectively. In the cognitively intact group, there were no dislocations (0 of 39) with the DA; 0.85% (3 of 351) and 2.7% (4 of 148) dislocated with the MH and PA, respectively. There were statistically significant associations between surgical approach and dislocation in the entire cohort and the cognitively impaired group when comparing the MH and PA groups. This was not observed in the cognitively intact group. Patients who dislocated had 3.2 times (95% CI 1.2, 8.7) (P = 0.0226) the hazard of death compared with patients who did not dislocate. Dislocation effectively increased the risk of death by 221% (HR 3.2 95% CI 1.2, 8.7) (P = 0.0226).

Conclusions:
In this patient population, the PA has a higher dislocation rate than other approaches and has an especially high rate of dislocation when the patients were cognitively impaired. The authors of this study suggest careful consideration of surgical approach when treating these injuries.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Safety of Prepping the External Fixator In Situ During Staged Internal Fixation of Pilon Fractures: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Yeramosu Teja , Young Porter , Cinats David J. , Toney Clarence B. , Satpathy Jibanananda , Patel Tejas T. , Kates Stephen L. , Perdue Paul W. 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
(1) To assess the rate of fracture-related infection (FRI) and unplanned reoperation of disinfecting and prepping in the external fixator (Ex-Fix) instrument during definitive open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of pilon fractures treated by a staged protocol and (2) to determine whether the amount of time from external fixation to ORIF influences the risk of FRI.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 academic trauma center.

Patients:
One hundred thirty-three patients who underwent operative treatment for pilon fracture between 2010 and 2020.

Intervention:
External fixation and ORIF with or without the Ex-Fix prepped in situ during definitive fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
FRI and unplanned reoperation rates.

Results:
133 patients were enrolled, of which 47 (35.3%) had Ex-Fix elements prepped in situ. There was an overall infection rate of 23.3% and unplanned reoperation rate of 11.3%, and there was no significant difference in rates between the 2 cohorts. Patients with Ex-Fix elements prepped in situ who developed an FRI had a higher rate of MRSA and MSSA. Diabetes (P = 0.0019), open fracture (P = 0.0014), and longer (≥30 days) interval to ORIF (P = 0.0001) were associated with postoperative FRI.

Conclusions:
Prepping elements of the Ex-Fix in situ did not lead to an increase in rates of FRI or unplanned reoperation. Although diabetes and open fracture were associated with FRI risk, a stronger association was a longer interval of Ex-Fix utilization before definitive internal fixation, specifically 30 days or greater.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hotspots and difficulties of biliary surgery in older patients
Authors: Zhang Zongming , Dong Jiahong , Lin Fangcai , Wang Qiusheng , Xu Zhi , He Xiaodong , Yang Shizhong , Li Youwei , Liu Limin , Zhang Chong , Liu Zhuo , Zhao Yue , Yang Haiyan , Peng Shuyou 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the accelerated aging society in China, the incidence of biliary surgical diseases in the elderly has increased significantly. The clinical characteristics of these patients indicate that improving treatment outcomes and realizing healthy aging are worthy of attention. How to effectively improve the treatment effect of geriatric biliary surgical diseases has attracted widespread attention. This paper reviews and comments on the hotspots and difficulties of biliary surgery in older patients from six aspects: (1) higher morbidity associated with an aging society, (2) prevention and control of pre-operative risks, (3) extending the indications of laparoscopic surgery, (4) urgent standardization of minimally invasive surgery, (5) precise technological progress in hepatobiliary surgery, and (6) guarantee of peri-operative safety. It is of great significance to fully understand the focus of controversy, actively make use of its favorable factors, and effectively avoid its unfavorable factors, for further improving the therapeutic effects of geriatric biliary surgical diseases, and thus benefits the vast older patients with biliary surgical diseases. Accordingly, a historical record with the highest age of 93 years for laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration has been created by us recently.
Comparison of 2 Hyaluronic Acid-based Fillers for the Treatment of Acne Scars: Structural Lifting Versus Biostimulatory Effect
Authors: Mehrabi Joseph , Shehadeh Waseem , Gallo Elisa S. , Artzi Ofir , Horovitz Tamir 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based fillers are effective at mitigating acne scars due to their filling effect. Complexes of high and low molecular weight HA demonstrated a delayed biostimulatory effect.

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to compare the results of acne scar treatment using a filler composed of complexes of high and low molecular weight HA versus a traditional cross-linking HA filler.

METHODS
Thirty patients with moderate-to-severe atrophic acne scarring were included in this prospective, split-face, double-blinded, randomized controlled study. Each underwent 3 monthly injections of a novel formula of combined high and low molecular weight HA (P) to the base of acne scars on 1 side of the face and traditional cross-linking HA (JV) filler on the other. Patients were evaluated 6 months after their last treatment for objective and subjective improvements.

RESULTS
For JV, statistically significant reductions were observed in the acne scar volume but nearly no change in elasticity and stretch during early treatments. For P, no significant differences were observed in early treatments; however, statistically significant improvements were observed in later visits.

CONCLUSION
Although the traditional JV filler demonstrated an earlier impact than P, the latter produced delayed positive changes that were more pronounced than the traditional filler.
Implementation of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines for the prevention of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery
Authors: Massoth Christina , Küllmar Mira , Pajares Moncho Azucena , Susana González-Suárez , Grigoryev Evgeny , Ivkin Artem , von Dossow Vera , Ott Sascha , Rau Nadine , Meersch Melanie , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence from randomised controlled trials supports the implementation of a six-measure care bundle proposed by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines in patients at high risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) to reduce its incidence after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To assess compliance with the KDIGO bundle in clinical practice.

DESIGN
Prospective observational multinational study.

SETTING
Six international tertiary care centres, from February 2021 to November 2021.

PATIENTS
Five hundred and thirty-seven consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery during a 1-month observational period.

INTERVENTIONS
All patients were assessed for the postoperative implementation of the following measures: avoidance of nephrotoxic medication and radiocontrast agents whenever possible, strict glycaemic control, close monitoring of renal function, optimisation of haemodynamic and volume status and functional monitoring of haemodynamic status.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients receiving fully compliant care. Secondary outcomes were occurrence of AKI and major adverse kidney event rate at day 30.

RESULTS
The full care bundle was applied to 0.4% of patients. There was avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs in 15.6%, radiocontrast agents in 95.3% and hyperglycaemia in 39.6%. Close monitoring of urine output and serum creatinine was achieved in 6.3%, 57.4% underwent optimisation of volume and haemodynamic status, and 43.9% received functional haemodynamic monitoring. 27.2% developed AKI within 72 h after surgery. The average number of implemented measures was 2.6 ± 1.0 and did not differ between AKI or non-AKI patients (P = 0.854).

CONCLUSION
Adherence with the KDIGO bundle was very low in cardiac surgery patients. Initiatives to improve guideline compliance might provide a strategy to mitigate the burden of AKI.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

www.drks.de DRKS00024204.