bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperoside protects against oxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor degeneration: therapeutic potentials for photoreceptor degenerative diseases
Authors: Li Daijin , Xu Jing , Chang Jie , Wang Yujue , Du Xiaoye , Wu Hanhan , Cui Jingang , Wang Peiwei , Zhang Teng , Chen Yu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Photoreceptor degeneration underpinned by oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death leads to progressive and irreversible vision impairment. Drug treatments that protect against photoreceptor degeneration are currently available in the clinical settings. It has been shown that hyperoside, a flavonol glycoside, protects against neuronal loss in part by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining the functional integrity of mitochondria. However, whether hyperoside protects against photoreceptor degeneration remains unknown.

Methods
To address the pharmacological potentials of hyperoside against oxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor degeneration on molecular, cellular, structural and functional levels, multiple in vitro and in vivo methodologies were employed in the current study, including live-cell imaging, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, histological/immunohistochemical examinations, transmission electron microscopy, RNA-sequencing and real-time qPCR.

Results
The in vitro results demonstrate that hyperoside suppresses oxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor cell death in part by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. The in vivo results reveal that hyperoside protects against photooxidative stress-induced photoreceptor morphological, functional and ultrastructural degeneration. Meanwhile, hyperoside treatment offsets the deleterious impact of photooxidative stress on multiple molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of photoreceptor degeneration. Lastly, hyperoside attenuates photoreceptor degeneration-associated microglial inflammatory activation and reactive Müller cell gliosis.

Conclusions
All things considered, the present study demonstrates for the first time that hyperoside attenuates oxidative stress-induced photoreceptor mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The photoreceptor-intrinsic protective effects of hyperoside are corroborated by hyperoside-conferred protection against photooxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor degeneration and perturbation in retinal homeostasis, warranting further evaluation of hyperoside as a photoreceptor protective agent for the treatment of related photoreceptor degenerative diseases.
Enhanced in vivo blood brain barrier transcytosis of macromolecular cargo using an engineered pH-sensitive mouse transferrin receptor binding nanobody
Authors: Esparza Thomas J. , Su Shiran , Francescutti Caroline M. , Rodionova Elvira , Kim Joong Hee , Brody David L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The blood brain barrier limits entry of macromolecular diagnostic and therapeutic cargos. Blood brain barrier transcytosis via receptor mediated transport systems, such as the transferrin receptor, can be used to carry macromolecular cargos with variable efficiency. Transcytosis involves trafficking through acidified intracellular vesicles, but it is not known whether pH-dependent unbinding of transport shuttles can be used to improve blood brain barrier transport efficiency.

Methods
A mouse transferrin receptor binding nanobody, NIH-mTfR-M1, was engineered to confer greater unbinding at pH 5.5 vs 7.4 by introducing multiple histidine mutations. The histidine mutant nanobodies were coupled to neurotensin for in vivo functional blood brain barrier transcytosis testing via central neurotensin-mediated hypothermia in wild-type mice. Multi-nanobody constructs including the mutant M1R56H, P96H, Y102H and two copies of the P2X7 receptor-binding 13A7 nanobody were produced to test proof-of-concept macromolecular cargo transport in vivo using quantitatively verified capillary depleted brain lysates and in situ histology.

Results
The most effective histidine mutant, M1R56H, P96H, Y102H-neurotensin, caused > 8 °C hypothermia after 25 nmol/kg intravenous injection. Levels of the heterotrimeric construct M1R56H, P96H, Y102H-13A7-13A7 in capillary depleted brain lysates peaked at 1 h and were 60% retained at 8 h. A control construct with no brain targets was only 15% retained at 8 h. Addition of the albumin-binding Nb80 nanobody to make M1R56H, P96H, Y102H-13A7-13A7-Nb80 extended blood half-life from 21 min to 2.6 h. At 30–60 min, biotinylated M1R56H, P96H, Y102H-13A7-13A7-Nb80 was visualized in capillaries using in situ histochemistry, whereas at 2–16 h it was detected in diffuse hippocampal and cortical cellular structures. Levels of M1R56H, P96H, Y102H-13A7-13A7-Nb80 reached more than 3.5 percent injected dose/gram of brain tissue after 30 nmol/kg intravenous injection. However, higher injected concentrations did not result in higher brain levels, compatible with saturation and an apparent substrate inhibitory effect.

Conclusion
The pH-sensitive mouse transferrin receptor binding nanobody M1R56H, P96H, Y102H may be a useful tool for rapid and efficient modular transport of diagnostic and therapeutic macromolecular cargos across the blood brain barrier in mouse models. Additional development will be required to determine whether this nanobody-based shuttle system will be useful for imaging and fast-acting therapeutic applications.
Enhancement of dynamic visual acuity using transcranial alternating current stimulation with gamma burst entrained on alpha wave troughs
Authors: Park Jimin , Lee Sangjun , Choi Dasom , Im Chang-Hwan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) of cortical oscillations is observed within and across cortical regions during higher-order cognitive processes. Particularly, the PAC of alpha and gamma waves in the occipital cortex is closely associated with visual perception. In theory, gamma oscillation is a neuronal representation of visual stimuli, which drives the duty cycle of visual perception together with alpha oscillation. Therefore, it is believed that the timing of entrainment in alpha-gamma PAC may play a critical role in the performance of visual perception. We hypothesized that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with gamma waves entrained at the troughs of alpha waves would enhance the dynamic visual acuity (DVA).

Method
We attempted to modulate the performance of DVA by using tACS. The waveforms of the tACS were tailored to target PAC over the occipital cortex. The waveforms contained gamma (80 Hz) waves oscillating at either the peaks or troughs of alpha (10 Hz) waves. Participants performed computerized DVA task before, immediately after, and 10 min after each stimulation sessions. EEG and EOG were recorded during the DVA task to assess inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC), the alpha-gamma PAC at occipital site and the eye movements.

Results
tACS with gamma waves entrained at alpha troughs effectively enhanced DVA, while the tACS with gamma waves entrained at alpha peaks did not affect DVA performance. Importantly, analyses of EEG and EOG showed that the enhancement of DVA performance originated solely from the neuromodulatory effects, and was not related to the modulation of saccadic eye movements. Consequently, DVA, one of the higher-order cognitive abilities, was successfully modulated using tACS with a tailored waveform.

Conclusions
Our experimental results demonstrated that DVA performances were enhanced when tACS with gamma bursts entrained on alpha wave troughs were applied over the occipital cortex. Our findings suggest that using tACS with tailored waveforms, modulation of complex neuronal features could effectively enhance higher-order cognitive abilities such as DVA, which has never been modulated with conventional noninvasive brain stimulation methods.
Wedge resection versus lobectomy in T1 lung cancer patients: a propensity matched analysis
Authors: Moon Robert J , Taylor Rebecca , Miklavc Pika , Mehdi Syed B , Grant Stuart W , Bittar Mohamad Nidal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Performing wedge resection rather than lobectomy for primary lung cancer remains controversial. Recent studies demonstrate no survival advantage for non-anatomical resection compared to lobectomy in patients with early-stage lung cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate whether in patients with T1 tumours, non-anatomical wedge resection is associated with equivalent survival to lobectomy.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent lung resection at the Lancashire Cardiac Centre between April 2005 and April 2018. Patients were subjected to multidisciplinary team discussion. The extent of resection was decided by the team based on British Thoracic Society guidelines. The primary outcome was overall survival. Propensity matching of patients with T1 tumours was also performed to determine whether differences in survival rates exist in a subset of these patients with balanced pre-operative characteristics.

Results
There were 187 patients who underwent non-anatomical wedge resection and 431 patients who underwent lobectomy. Cox modelling demonstrated no survival difference between groups for the first 1.6 years then a risk of death 3-fold higher for wedge resection group after 1.6 years (HR 3.14, CI 1.98–4.79). Propensity matching yielded 152 pairs for which 5-year survival was 66.2% for the lobectomy group and 38.5% for the non-anatomical wedge group (SMD = 0.58, p = 0.003).

Conclusions
Non-anatomical wedge resection was associated with significantly reduced 5-year survival compared to lobectomy in matched patients. Lobectomy should remain the standard of care for patients with early-stage lung cancer who are fit enough to undergo surgical resection.
Dilemmas and options for COVID-19 vaccination in children
Authors: Wen Jingzhi , Du Xiaoan , Li Adan , Zhang Shungeng , Shen Shengyun , Zhang Ziteng , Yang Liyuan , Sun Changqing , Li Jianing , Zhu Shiheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver 16 million children have been detected positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States since the outbreak of the pandemic. In general, children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 tend to have lighter symptoms than adults. However, in some cases, the infection can develop into severe forms, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Moreover, long-term public health preventive interventions have had some negative effects on the physical and mental health of children. Given the important role that vaccination plays in reducing severe illness and mortality, it is essential for the efficient implementation of vaccination in the pediatric population. Nevertheless, parental distrust of vaccination, especially with regard to its safety and efficacy, hinders this process. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the available data on the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in children. The results show that the currently approved COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective for children. Although two doses of vaccine in children seem insufficient to prevent Omicron infection, the booster dose provides enhanced protection against infection and severe illness. Most importantly, the bivalent vaccine has been approved for use in the pediatric population to extend the immune response to currently circulating Omicron variant. And the immune protection afforded to newborns after maternal vaccination appears to last only 6 months. Therefore, in the current situation where the rate of virus mutation is accelerating and the COVID-19 pandemic is still severe, it is crucial to extend vaccine protection to children over 6 months of age to weave a tighter safety net.
Metabolic syndrome as an independent risk factor for glaucoma: a nationally representative study
Authors: Lee Jun-Hyuk , Kwon Yu-Jin , Kim Sung Jin , Joung Boyoung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Central insulin resistance contributes to glaucoma development. Given the close association between metabolic syndrome MetS and insulin resistance, this study aimed to determine whether MetS is associated with glaucoma risk.

Methods
We analyzed data from 11,499 adults aged ≥ 19 years in the 2019–2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and applied sampling weights to represent the general Korean population. Participants were classified into groups with or without MetS. Ocular hypertension (HTN) was defined as intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was diagnosed based on the results of a visual field test and optical coherence tomography using the criteria published by the International Society for Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology. We further divided POAG into normal tension (NTG) and POAG with ocular HTN. A spline curve was drawn to determine the dose–response relationship between the number of MetS components and risk of POAG. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for POAG according to MetS status were estimated using weighted logistic regression analyses.

Results
The prevalence of POAG was 5.7% and 3.5%, respectively, in groups with and without MetS. We identified a dose–response relationship between the number of MetS components and risk of POAG. Unadjusted ORs (95% CI) for POAG in the group with MetS was 1.85 (1.52–2.25), compared with those without MetS. The trends persisted in adjusted models. The fully-adjusted OR (95% CI) for POAG was 1.47 (1.04–2.09) in the group with MetS. Subgroup analysis revealed that a significant relationship remained only in the NTG group (fully adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI 1.05–2.15).

Conclusions
A comprehensive ophthalmological assessment should be considered for persons with MetS who are at increased risk of POAG, particularly NTG.
Cnidofest 2022: hot topics in cnidarian research
Authors: Gahan James M. , Cartwright Paulyn , Nicotra Matthew L. , Schnitzler Christine E. , Steinmetz Patrick R. H. , Juliano Celina E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe second annual Cnidarian Model Systems Meeting, aka “Cnidofest”, took place in Davis, California from 7 to 10th of September, 2022. The meeting brought together scientists using cnidarians to study molecular and cellular biology, development and regeneration, evo-devo, neurobiology, symbiosis, physiology, and comparative genomics. The diversity of topics and species represented in presentations highlighted the importance and versatility of cnidarians in addressing a wide variety of biological questions. In keeping with the spirit of the first meeting (and its predecessor, Hydroidfest), almost 75% of oral presentations were given by early career researchers (i.e., graduate students and postdocs). In this review, we present research highlights from the meeting.
COCAM: a cooperative video edge caching and multicasting approach based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning in multi-clouds environment
Authors: Shi Ruohan , Fan Qilin , Fu Shu , Zhang Xu , Li Xiuhua , Chen Meng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe evolution of the Internet of Things technology (IoT) has boosted the drastic increase in network traffic demand. Caching and multicasting in the multi-clouds scenario are effective approaches to alleviate the backhaul burden of networks and reduce service latency. However, existing works do not jointly exploit the advantages of these two approaches. In this paper, we propose COCAM, a cooperative video edge caching and multicasting approach based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning to minimize the transmission number in the multi-clouds scenario with limited storage capacity in each edge cloud. Specifically, by integrating a cooperative transmission model with the caching model, we provide a concrete formulation of the joint problem. Then, we cast this decision-making problem as a multi-agent extension of the Markov decision process and propose a multi-agent actor-critic algorithm in which each agent learns a local caching strategy and further encompasses the observations of neighboring agents as constituents of the overall state. Finally, to validate the COCAM algorithm, we conduct extensive experiments on a real-world dataset. The results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms other baseline algorithms in terms of the number of video transmissions.
Graphical Abstract
What requirements do primary care physicians have with regard to dementia diagnostics and dementia care? – a survey study among general practitioners in Germany 2022/2023
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
General practice offers good conditions to detect and provide care for dementia-related diseases. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of dementia care in general practice is repeatedly criticised. To date, few studies have attempted to form a comprehensive picture of the status quo of dementia care in general practice that focuses on GP perspectives of experience and action. The aim of this study was to identify potential strengths and weaknesses of GP-based dementia care, by means of combined consideration of relevant care and treatment dimensions (construct of ‘dementia sensitivity’).

Methods
Through an online poll, a total of 4,511 GPs who are active as treatment providers in Baden-Württemberg, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland were surveyed between September 2022 and January 2023. In addition to the descriptive analysis, a T-test with independent samples was used to identify significant differences between two groups (interval-scaled or metric variables). Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2) was used to analyze the percentage values. Two levels of significance were tested for (mean difference at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001). In the course of the analysis, there were particular differences with regard to the sociodemographic variables ‘urban vs. rural doctors’ and ‘doctors with geriatric training vs. doctors with no geriatric training’. Therefore, a complete listing of these parameters is given in the tables. In addition, the factor analysis method was employed.

Results
The respondents consider it important for GPs to provide care and support for dementia patients. The doctors express the desire to offer active support to patients and their family caregivers. At the same time, many GPs experience challenges and difficulties when it comes to practical diagnostic steps (in line with guidelines), the (early) identification of dementia and consistent disease management, including the anticipation of care and treatment needs. Moreover, it appears that a significant proportion of the sample has only limited confidence when it comes to review relevant help and support services. One consistent finding is that some doctors in urban practices who also have geriatric training show substantial increases in knowledge and information with regard to dementia care.

Conclusions
In the light of the findings, it seems particularly advisable to strengthen the geriatric competence of GPs. Moreover, it seems to be essential to ensure that they are better informed about cooperation and support structures in the area of dementia care and better integrated into these.
Epidemiological analysis of syphilis surveillance among entry-exit population at Shanghai Port, China from 2014 to 2022
Authors: Jin Quan , Zhang Jing , Xia Jing , Qin Jia , Zhou Xuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis cases detected among entry-exit personnel at Shanghai ports from 2014 to 2022 and the changing trend of the syphilis epidemic in the region so as to provide data support for the scientific and effective prevention and control of syphilis at ports.

Methods
From January 2014 to December 2022, the subjects of syphilis screening at Shanghai port were selected. Physical examination and serological testing were used to confirm syphilis. All the data used were downloaded from the HIS system of Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the characteristics of the detected cases, and the linear trend Chi-square test was used to analyze the trend between groups.

Results
From 2014 to 2022, a total of 918 cases of syphilis were detected among entry-exit personnel at Shanghai port, with a total detection rate of 154.68/100 000. The detection rate was the highest in 2015 and the lowest in 2022, showing a downward trend year by year since 2015. 54.36% of syphilis patients from East Asia were detected. Syphilis cases were reported in all age groups; most cases were under 39 years old, accounting for 36.06%. The syphilis detection rate in males was significantly higher than in females (79.63% vs. 20.4%). The main way of transmission was sexual transmission, accounting for 60.89%, among which male-to-male transmission was the primary way (22.36%).

Conclusion
The detection rate of syphilis among entry-exit personnel at Shanghai port has been decreasing continuously in recent years. Targeted health intervention should be carried out according to the monitoring results.
Prevalence of preoperative anxiety among hospitalized patients in a developing country: a study of associated factors
Authors: Shawahna Ramzi , Jaber Mohammad , Maqboul Iyad , Hijaz Hatim , Tebi Marah , Ahmed Nada Al-Sayed , Shabello Ziyad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Preoperative anxiety is a health concern among patients scheduled for surgical interventions. Little is known about the prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients in different healthcare systems of developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery in Palestine. Another objective was to identify the factors associated with preoperative anxiety.

Methods
This study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive design. Patients scheduled for surgical interventions were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire collected the demographic, clinical, and surgical variables of the patients. The questionnaire also contained the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS), and a short version of the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAIS-5/STAIT-5).

Result
A total of 280 patients were included. The mean APAIS total score was 13.6 ± 5.9, the mean APAIS anxiety domain score was 8.3 ± 4.3, and the mean APAIS need for information domain was 1.6 ± 0.50. Of the patients, 76 (27.1%) had high anxiety and 160 (57.1%) expressed a high need for information. The higher APAIS anxiety scores were predicted by being female, having chronic diseases, being scheduled to be operated on within 24 h, and having experienced surgical complications. The mean STAIS-5 score was 10.0 ± 4.2 and the mean STAIT-5 was 10.3 ± 3.8. Of the patients, 140 (50.0%) had high state anxiety and 56 (20.0%) had high trait anxiety. Higher STAIS-5 scores were predicted by being female, younger than 42 years, and scheduled to be operated on within 24 h. Higher STAIT-5 scores were predicted by being female. A positive correlation was identified between APAIS total, APAIS anxiety, APAIS need for information, STAIS-5, and STAIT-5 scores.

Conclusion
Preoperative anxiety was prevalent among patients scheduled for surgical operations in Palestinian hospitals. Anesthesiologists and other providers of perioperative care should screen preoperative patients who are female, have chronic diseases, are scheduled to be operated on within 24 h, and having had experienced surgical complications for preoperative anxiety. More studies are still needed to investigate the effects of the implemented measures on the prevalence of preoperative anxiety.