bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Imaging, and Atrial Cardiopathy Markers in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes – Clues to a Cardioembolic Source
Authors: Sreedharan Sapna Erat , Saikiran Kakarla , Chandralekha SC , Athira CA , Sylaja PN , Jissa VT , Namboodiri Narayanan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Cryptogenic strokes account for 20%–25% of all ischemic strokes. Although atrial cardiopathy markers are more prevalent in the cryptogenic embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) subgroup than in the nonembolic stroke subgroup, the utility of individual parameters in predicting cardioembolic sources needs to be studied further. We studied the clinical, imaging, and atrial cardiopathy markers in three ischemic stroke subtypes – large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), and cryptogenic ESUS – and their role in predicting the source of CE.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study of ischemic stroke patients at Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum from April 2021 to December 2022. Clinical and risk factor profiles, imaging details, atrial cardiopathy marker (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-pro-BNP]) levels, electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters (P terminal force of V1 [PTFV1], P wave duration, the PR interval), and transthoracic echo parameters (left atrial [LA] diameter and LA volume) were collected. Associations were made between clinical, imaging, and atrial cardiopathy markers and etiological subtypes.

Results:
We had 255 participants (LAA- 98, CE- 41, and ESUS- 139) with a mean age of 63.53 years. Among the atrial cardiopathy markers, the most prevalent was elevated NT-pro-BNP (43.95%), followed by the ECG markers P wave duration (30.92%) and PTFV1 (28.74%), and LA diameter greater than 37 mm (24.27%) and LA volume greater than 34 ml/m2 (20.31%). Among the atrial cardiopathy markers, NT-pro-BNP and LA enlargement were strongly predictive of CE etiology, when compared to LAA. Chronic non-lacunar infarcts on imaging and elevated NT-pro-BNP showed a strong association with CE, when compared to cryptogenic strokes.

Conclusions:
The atrial cardiopathy biomarker NT-pro-BNP and chronic non-lacunar infarcts can serve as useful tools for recognizing cardioembolic sources among patients with embolic strokes.
Adherence and influencing factors of high-flow nasal cannula humidified oxygen therapy in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Ting-Ting , Li Dong-Mei , Ren Xue-Ling , Luo Zheng , Chen Xue-Li , Du Ying-Zhen , Cheng Yan-Shuang 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to systematically evaluate and perform a meta-analysis on the adherence to high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) humidified oxygen therapy and its influencing factors in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODS:
Relevant literature on HFNC and COPD was retrieved from PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Cross-sectional studies, case–control studies, and cohort studies were included. Screening and quality assessment were conducted using Endnote X9 software. Quality scores were assigned using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the AHRQ assessment tool. Basic information, sample size, and adherence-related factors were extracted, and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.

RESULTS:
A total of 321 articles were initially identified, with 8 English articles involving 325 patients included after screening. Quality assessment yielded five high-quality articles (score > 8), two medium-quality articles (score = 7), and one low-quality article (score = 6). Meta-analysis results showed a COPD patient HFNC adherence rate of 32.7%. Negative factors included the number of acute exacerbations (odds ratio [OR] =2.17), adverse reactions (OR = 4.13), regular follow-up (OR = 9.45), educational level (OR = 5.38), and concurrent medications (OR = 4.71). Positive factors included age < 70 years (OR = 0.45), duration of use (OR = 0.30), inhalation technique (OR = 0.31), treatment satisfaction (OR = 0.35), and adverse reactions (OR = 0.15). Funnel plot and Egger’s test results indicated minimal publication bias.

CONCLUSION:
Adherence to HFNC in elderly COPD patients is relatively low, influenced by negative factors such as the number of acute exacerbations, adverse reactions, regular follow-up, educational level, and concurrent medications. Positive factors include age < 70 years, duration of use, inhalation technique, treatment satisfaction, and adverse reactions.
Vasoreactive testing prevalence and characteristics in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Natalia Goncharova , Lapshin Kirill , Berezina Aelita , Zlobina Irina , Ryzhkov Anton , Matakaeva Zhaneta , Andreeva Elizaveta , Moiseeva Olga 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
The choice of treatment strategy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH)/HPAH/DPAH (Hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension/ Drug-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension) II-III functional class (FC) (WHO) based on an acute vasoreactive testing result (VRT). Positive VRT (VRT+) is an indication for calcium channel blockers therapy. Long-term vasoresponders demonstrate sustained low-risk status and the highest survival among all PH subtypes.

THE STUDY AIMED:
To characterize VRT performance in IPAH patients and differences in presentation between patients with positive, negative VRT, and patients with not done VRT due to physicians’ decision.

METHODS:
One hundred and sixty-six adult IPAH patients (44.2 ± 15.3 years, 34 males) comprised into prospective single-center study between 2008 and 2023 years. Inhaled iloprost was used for VRT. Positive VRT was defined with established Sitbon criteria. Standard baseline pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) evaluation including cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was performed. Risk status was evaluated using ESC/ERS (European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society) risk scale 2015. Survival was assessed with the Kaplan–Mayer method.

RESULTS:
Eighty-five (51.2%) patients underwent VRT. VRT not done (ND VRT) due to the physicians’ decision in 26.7% patients, due to the technical inability in 15.4% and IV FC (WHO) in 16.2% patients. Positive VRT registered in 26 (15.6%) patients. Patients with negative VRT demonstrated worse hemodynamics and exercise tolerance, higher N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, and right heart dilatation compared with VRT+. Patients with ND VRT due to the physicians decision were often older than 60 years, had higher body mass index, symptoms of right heart failure, hemoptysis, arrhythmias, high NT-proBNP, and hemodynamic criteria of high risk in comparison with patients with done VRT. Some CPET parameters were similar between VRT + group and patients ND VRT group. Loss of vasoreactivity and PAH worsening were detected in 50% of VRT + patients in a 1.76 year of follow-up. Patients with vasoreactivity loss exhibited the criteria of intermediate risk at a baseline. Five-year survival was 97% in VRT + group in comparison with 61% in VRT − and 53% in ND VRT group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Physicians’ decision was the most common reason for not doing VRT in IPAH patients. Intermediate high-risk criteria presence at a baseline were associated with not done VRT due to physicians decision, negative VRT, and the vasoreactivity loss during the follow-up. CPET should be used more widely to detect the early signs of PAH progression in low risk or VRT + patients.
Evaluating the efficacy of cavity disinfection using methylene blue dye with 660-nm diode laser on primary molars: An in vivo study
Authors: Anvekar Mitaj Pandharinath , Virupaxi Shruti Girish , Yavagal Chandrashekar , Kulkarni Sadanand , Pai Ramya , Patil Viplavi Vijaysinh Chavan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methylene blue dye with 660-nm diode laser in cavity disinfection and to compare the total bacterial count in dentinal samples preexcavation, postexcavation, and postdisinfection. The study design was experimental in vivo.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen children aged 5–12 years with 15 primary molars requiring atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) were selected. Dentinal samples were collected from the carious tooth with a sterile spoon excavator three times, i.e., before caries excavation (preexcavation), after hand excavation of caries (postexcavation), and after doing laser photodynamic therapy with methylene blue dye and 660-nm diode laser (postdisinfection) and sent for microbiological analysis. The samples were transported in reduced transport fluid. The total bacterial count was carried out by an experienced microbiologist immediately after reporting.

Results:
A significant number of bacteria was present after hand excavation of caries using ART. The bacterial count significantly reduced postlaser disinfection. The total viable bacterial count was reduced to 87.17% with hand excavation of caries, whereas it was reduced to 98.59% postlaser disinfection using methylene blue dye with 660-nm diode laser.

Conclusion:
It was seen that ART cannot eliminate all the microorganisms. Methylene blue dye with a 660-nm diode laser was able to reduce the total bacterial count and can be effectively used as an antimicrobial cavity disinfectant.
Efficacy of different endodontic irrigants in the lesion sterilization and tissue repair technique in primary molars: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Dimri Anukriti , Srivastava Nikhil , Rana Vivek , Kaushik Noopur 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different endodontic irrigants employed in the lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) technique.

Methods:
Forty children aged 4–8 years having at least one primary molar with irreversible pulpitis/pulpal necrosis indicated for pulpectomy were included. Participants were randomly divided into three test groups (Group A, B, and C) and one control group (Group D). After caries excavation using a spoon excavator, superficial pulp was removed under topical anesthesia in all groups. Following this, pulpal floor was irrigated using different endodontic irrigants in each group: Group A – 20% propolis, Group B – 2% sodium hypochlorite, Group C – 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and Group D (control) – saline. Alternate 3-Mix (triple antibiotic paste containing metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin) was then placed over the pulpal floor and the teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement followed by stainless steel crown. Patients were recalled at follow-up periods up to 18 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Repeated-measures ANOVA test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Clinical success was achieved in all treated teeth, with the results showing statistical significance (P < 0.05). In addition, Group C showed best clinical results. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were obtained in reduction in size of furcation radiolucency, with Group B showing the best results compared to other groups. Statistically significant results (P < 0.05) were obtained in terms of rate of root resorption in all teeth, with Group C showing least resorption compared to other groups.

Conclusions:
The use of endodontic irrigant before the placement of alternate 3-Mix is an effective step for the improved success of LSTR technique in primary teeth, with chlorhexidine showing the best success rate.
Effectiveness of school dental screening programme and different referral mechanisms on caries experience among 6–11-year-old children
Authors: Himabindu Bankuru , Uloopi K. S. , Vinay C. , Chaitanya Penmatsa , Ravigna Peddi , Chandana N. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
School-based dental screening and referral mechanism is a potential intervention that impacts utilization of dental services.

Aim:
The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of school dental screening programme with referral to specific dental hospital on caries experience among 6–11-year-old children.

Settings and Design:
A cluster randomized control trial was conducted with 694 children assigned to test group (n = 351) and control group (n = 343).

Materials and Methods:
Children in test group were referred to specific dental hospital, while those of control group to nonspecific dental hospital for treatments.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparison of decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, extraction needed, filled teeth scores.

Results:
A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in decayed (dt + DT) and filled (ft + FT) teeth scores was observed on intergroup comparison at 12 months. There was a significant increase in filled teeth (FT) scores in children of both the groups. However, the decayed teeth (dt + DT) scores were significantly decreased in children of test group (P < 0.001), while increased in control group (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
School dental screening programs with referral to specific dental hospital had a highly significant impact in reducing decayed teeth and increasing the number of FT 27 in children.
Comparison of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, acidogenicity, and buffering capacity among human breast milk, plain packaged bovine milk, sweetened bovine milk, and infant formula: An in vitro study
Authors: Pradhan Shreya , Yadav Gunjan , Saha Sonali , Dhinsa Kavita , Sharma Anshul , Rai Amit 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Context:
Human milk provides nutrients for newborns, while breastfeeding is preferred, formula feeding can also provide necessary nutrition and after weaning, individuals of all ages frequently drink bovine milk. Bovine and human milk contain lactose as a carbohydrate source, and infant milk formulas are also designed the same. However, lactose is fermentable by Streptococcus mutans, much like sucrose but to a lower extent.

Aim:
This study aims to compare the S. mutans biofilm formation, acidogenicity and buffering capacity among human milk, plain packaged bovine milk (PBM), sweetened PBM, and infant formula (IF).

Settings and Design:
Microbiological assays, experiments on biofilm formation, acidogenicity and buffering capacity were conducted six times.

Subjects and Methods:
Ten distinct solutions were used: Plain PBM, sweetened bovine milk (SBM), IF, human breast milk (HBM), brain–heart infusion (BHI) with added 10% sucrose (BHI), and five duplicate solutions containing S. mutans culture. Biofilm formation - Biofilm development was evaluated on 96-polystyrene flat bottom plates. Biofilm acidogenicity - pH of the biofilms was determined by dipping in pH meter. Buffering capacity -0.01 M hydrochloric acid was added to every sample until pH reduction of two units was achieved.

Statistical Analysis Used:
One-way ANOVA test, Tukey’s post hoc test, independent Student’s t-test were performed. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
SBM had highest optical density (OD) value and HBM least. PBM had the highest pH and SBM least. PBM had highest B value (Buffering) and HBM least.

Conclusion:
Cariogenicity of both HBM and PBM were shown to be just marginal although differing from sucrose.
Psychometric evaluation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Konkani version of the Oral Health-related Early Childhood Quality of Life (OH-ECQoL) scale
Authors: Fijardo Elaine Valansa , Barretto Elaine Savia , Swamy Dinesh Francis , Borkar Richa , de Ataide Ida de Noronha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Context:
The oral health-related early childhood quality of life (OH-ECQoL) tool, designed to evaluate how dental issues affect preschoolers’ and their family’s quality of life (QoL), has been translated and validated in many languages. However, it has not yet been adapted into the Konkani language.

Aim:
Cross-cultural adaptation of OH-ECQoL tool for use in the Konkani-speaking population in the state of Goa among primary caregivers of children aged 24–71 months.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional was conducted at Goa Dental College and Hospital.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was divided into a forward–backward translation phase and a psychometric-testing phase of the Konkani version of OH-ECQoL (K-OH-ECQoL) scale. Two hundred and forty children aged 24–71 months were recruited and clinically examined for dental caries and their caregivers completed the K-OH-ECQoL questionnaire. Reliability was assessed in a subsample of 24 participants after a 2-week interval.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Construct, discriminant, and criterion validity were evaluated. Reliability and internal consistency were measured using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, respectively. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and cross-cultural validity were evaluated.

Results:
Concurrent validity showed a strong significant correlation between the global rating of oral health and total K-OH-ECQoL score. Convergent validity demonstrated a moderate positive significant correlation between the items. K-OH-ECQoL scores were significantly associated with the caries severity, indicating a good discriminant validity. Test–retest reliability was 0.86 and internal consistency was 0.873. CFA indicated an acceptable fit. Cross-cultural validity showed very good item discrimination. A moderate correlation was found between CAMBRA-123 scores and overall K-OH-ECQoL score and between CAMBRA-123 scores and child impact section.

Conclusions:
The study confirmed that the K-OH-ECQoL is a valid and reliable tool with good psychometric properties for evaluating the impact of early childhood caries on the QoL of preschool children aged 24–71 months and their families.
Effectiveness of visual pedagogy in improving toothbrushing skills, oral hygiene and gingival health among children with autism– A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Subhashree T. , Yashoda R. , Puranik Manjunath P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disability that diminishes social interactions and communication. Maintaining good oral hygiene in them is a significant task.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a toothbrushing visual pedagogy (TBVP) in improving brushing skills, oral hygiene, and gingival status among children with autism.

Materials and Methods:
This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 200 children with autism, aged 6–17 years. TBVP and conventional oral hygiene instructions were administered as an intervention in the test group (TBVP). The control group (oral health education [OHE]) received conventional oral hygiene instructions. Assessment of toothbrushing skills, plaque, and gingival status were carried out at baseline, 30-, 60-, and 90-days. The data were analyzed using t-tests in SPSS version 26 software at P < 0.05.

Results:
At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups in toothbrushing skills, plaque, and gingival scores. Postintervention, there was a significant improvement in the TBVP group compared to the OHE group. At 90 days, the mean toothbrushing scores of TBVP group were significantly higher (22.49 ± 6.70) than the OHE group (18.35 ± 6.82). Plaque scores were significantly lower (1.31 ± 0.48) in the TBVP group than the OHE group (1.47 ± 0.50). Gingival scores were significantly lower (1.38 ± 0.48) in the TBVP group than the OHE group (1.56 ± 0.51) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The TBVP was effective in improving the toothbrushing skills, oral hygiene, and gingival health of the children with autism. Hence, it can be used for behavioural guidance in toothbrushing for these children to maintain their oral hygiene.
A comparative evaluation of the effects of white noise, brown noise, and pink noise on dental anxiety of pediatric patients undergoing dental extraction treatment: A randomized control study
Authors: Kolhe Sayali , Dialani Pooja , Bondarde Prashant , Pande Rukmini , Patil Prajakta , Vishwakarma Aruna Prashanth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Audio-analgesia is one of the unexplored aspects of behavior management in pediatric dentistry, and recently, there have been many new inclusions in shades of noise that were previously just limited to white noise, like brown noise and pink noise.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of white noise, brown noise, and pink noise on dental anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing primary tooth extraction.

Study Settings and Design:
Multiarm, triple-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial.

Materials and Method:
Forty children belonging to the age group of 8–12 years having their first dental visit with primary teeth indicated for extraction were included in our study. We evenly divided the 40 children into four groups: Group A (white noise), Group B (pink noise), Group C (brown noise), and Group D (cartoon music), which served as the control. We assessed the patient’s anxiety using Venham’s Picture Test and a pulse oximeter, as well as their pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) both preoperatively and postoperatively. We also noted changes in the patient’s pulse after administering local anesthesia.

Results:
All groups have shown significant differences in dental anxiety and pain, preoperatively and postoperatively, but pink noise was found to be effective even in maintaining pulse rate intraoperatively.

Conclusion:
In pediatric dentistry, audio distraction is an innovative, noninvasive, and effective behavior management technique that can effectively manage dental anxiety in children.

Registration:
The Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) has prospectively registered the study under the CTRI number CTRI/2024/01/061679.
Identifying the Underlying Relationship of Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment among Nurses: A Literature Review
Authors: Othman Mutaz Ibrahim , Khalifeh Anas , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Nurses’ emotional responses to work and emotional regulation abilities can affect many workplace characteristics. The nursing profession places a premium on emotional intelligence (EI) due to its impact on job satisfaction (JS), organizational commitment (OC), and teamwork. However, the specific relationship between EI, JS, and OC among nurses warrants further exploration.

PURPOSE:
This review aims to address the gap in understanding the significance of the relationship between EI, JS, and OC among nurses.

METHODS:
To fill in gaps in understanding and offer novel insights, this review used a literature review to pinpoint major themes in the relationship between EI, JS, and OC among nurses. All studies were extracted and analyzed based on applicable inclusion criteria.

RESULTS:
The literature review included a total of eight studies in the final sample, highlighting the vital importance of EI, JS, and OC in the field of nursing. Numerous studies consistently demonstrate a positive relationship between EI and OC among nurses, with EI positively affecting the quality of nursing care. Gender and qualifications significantly influence EI and OC among nurses, with educational qualifications impacting EI and competencies among nurses. These insights are valuable for healthcare organizations seeking to enhance nurse retention, well-being, and organizational success.

CONCLUSION:
The synthesized themes provide an exhaustive review of the relationship between EI, JS, and OC among nurses. This review offers an understanding of the various factors and dynamics that impact this relationship. The findings highlight the significance of incorporating EI, JS, and OC into nursing strategies and practice. This offers benefits for leadership and offers information about potential directions for future studies.