bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving conservation targets by jointly addressing climate change and biodiversity loss
Authors: Suraci Justin P. , Farwell Laura S. , Littlefield Caitlin E. , Freeman Patrick T. , Zachmann Luke J. , Landau Vincent A. , Anderson Jesse J. , Dickson Brett G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnprecedented rates of climate change and biodiversity loss have galvanized efforts to expand protected areas (PAs) globally. However, limited spatial overlap between the most important landscapes for mitigating climate change and those with the highest value for biodiversity may impede efforts to simultaneously address both issues through new protections. At the same time, there is a need to understand how lands with high conservation value align with existing patterns of land management, both public and private, which will inform strategies for developing new conservation areas. To address these challenges, we developed three composite indices to identify the highest conservation value lands across the conterminous United States (CONUS) and Alaska, drawing on a suite of key ecological and environmental indicators. Two indices characterize the most important conservation lands for addressing climate change (based on climate accessibility, climate stability, and total carbon storage) and biodiversity (based on species richness, ecological integrity, and ecological connectivity), while a third, combined index simultaneously addresses both conservation challenges. We found that existing PAs in the United States have relatively low overlap with the highest conservation value lands, regardless of the index used (10%–13% in CONUS, 27%–34% in Alaska), suggesting limited effectiveness of current protections but substantial opportunity for expanding conservation into high‐value, unprotected areas. In unprotected landscapes, the highest value lands for addressing climate change generally diverged from those identified as most important for protecting biodiversity (22%–38% overlap, depending on index and geography). Our combined index reconciled these spatial trade‐offs through high overlap with both the climate and biodiversity indices (66%–72%). Of the unprotected high conservation value lands identified by each of our three indices, we found ≥70% are privately managed in CONUS, while 16%–27% are privately managed in Alaska, underscoring the need to engage private landowners and land trusts in efforts to substantially increase the total footprint of conservation lands in the United States. Our findings highlight the importance of balancing climate and biodiversity objectives when identifying new lands for conservation and provide guidance on where to target new protections to simultaneously address both goals. To facilitate planning using the indices, we developed an interactive web application.
Patients with cardiac amyloidosis are at a greater risk of mortality and hospital readmission after acute heart failure
Authors: Berthelot Emmanuelle , Broussier Amaury , Hittinger Luc , Donadio Cristiano , Rovani Xavier , Salengro Emmanuel , Megbemado Richard , Godreuil Christian , Belmin Joel , David Jean Philippe , Genet Bastien , Damy Thibaud ,   FINC‐94 Network
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsCardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an under‐diagnosed cause of heart failure (HF) and has a worse prognosis than other forms of HF. The frequency of death or rehospitalization following discharge for acute heart failure (AHF) in CA (relative to other causes) has not been documented. The study aims to compare hospital readmission and death rates 90 days after discharge for AHF in patients with vs. without CA and to identify risk factors associated with these events in each group.Methods and resultsPatients with HF and CA (HF + CA+) were recruited from the ICREX cohort, after screening of their medical records. The cases were matched 1:5 by sex and age with control HF patients without CA (HF + CA−). There were 27 HF + CA + and 135 HF + CA− patients from the ICREX cohort included in the study. Relative to the HF + CA− group, HF + CA+ patients had a higher heart rate (P = 0.002) and N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide levels (P < 0.001) and lower blood pressure (P < 0.001), weight, and body mass index values (P < 0.001) on discharge. Ninety days after discharge, the HF + CA+ group displayed a higher death rate, a higher all‐cause hospital readmission rate, and a higher hospital readmission rate for AHF. Death and hospital readmissions occurred sooner after discharge in the HF + CA+ group than in the HF + CA− group.ConclusionsThe presence of CA in patients with HF was associated with a three‐fold greater risk of death and a two‐fold greater risk of all‐cause hospital readmission 90 days after discharge. These findings emphasize the importance of close, active management of patients with CA and AHF.
Assessment of tau phosphorylation and β‐amyloid pathology in human drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Aroor Alisha , Nguyen Phuoc , Li Yibo , Das Rohit , Lugo Joaquin N. , Brewster Amy L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy can be comorbid with cognitive impairments. Recent evidence suggests the possibility that cognitive decline in epilepsy may be associated with mechanisms typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuropathological hallmarks of AD have been found in brain biopsies surgically resected from patients with drug‐resistant epilepsies. These include hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein (p‐tau) that aggregates into neuropil threads (NT) or neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), as well as the presence of β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposits. While recent studies agree on these AD neuropathological findings in epilepsy, some contrast in their correlation to cognitive decline. Thus, to further address this question we determined the abundance of p‐tau and Aβ proteins along with their association with cognitive function in 12 cases of refractory epilepsy.MethodsCortical biopsies surgically extracted from the temporal lobes of patients with refractory epilepsy were processed for immunohistology and enzyme‐linked immunoassays to assess distribution and levels, respectively, of p‐tau (Antibodies: Ser202/Thr205; Thr205; Thr181) and Aβ proteins. In parallel, we measured the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) via p‐S6 (Antibodies: Ser240/244; Ser235/236). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis determined associations between these proteins and neurophysiological scores for full‐scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ).ResultsWe found a robust presence of p‐tau (Ser202/Thr205)‐related NT and NFT pathology, as well as Aβ deposits, and p‐S6 (Ser240/244; Ser235/236) in the epilepsy biopsies. We found no significant correlations between p‐tau (Thr205; Thr181), Aβ, or mTOR markers with FSIQ scores, although some correlation coefficients were modest to strong.SignificanceThese findings strongly support the existence of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and Aβ deposits in patients with human refractory epilepsy. However, their relation to cognitive decline is still unclear and requires further investigation.
Anatomical classification of pharyngeal and laryngeal endoscopic images using artificial intelligence
Authors: Nakajo Keiichiro , Ninomiya Youichi , Kondo Hibiki , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Uchida Erika , Aoyama Naoki , Inaba Atsushi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Shinozaki Takeshi , Matsuura Kazuto , Hayashi Ryuichi , Akimoto Tetsuo , Yano Tomonori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe entire pharynx should be observed endoscopically to avoid missing pharyngeal lesions. An artificial intelligence (AI) model recognizing anatomical locations can help identify blind spots. We developed and evaluated an AI model classifying pharyngeal and laryngeal endoscopic locations.MethodsThe AI model was trained using 5382 endoscopic images, categorized into 15 anatomical locations, and evaluated using an independent dataset of 1110 images. The main outcomes were model accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score. Moreover, we investigated focused regions in the input images contributing to the model predictions using gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) and Guided Grad‐CAM.ResultsOur AI model correctly classified pharyngeal and laryngeal images into 15 anatomical locations, with an accuracy of 93.3%. The weighted averages of precision, recall, and F1‐score were 0.934, 0.933, and 0.933, respectively.ConclusionOur AI model has an excellent performance determining pharyngeal and laryngeal anatomical locations, helping endoscopists notify of blind spots.
Challenges and opportunities to provide immunization services: Analysis of data from a cross‐sectional study on a sample of pharmacists in a developing country
Authors: Sakr Fouad , Dabbous Mariam , Rahal Mohamad , Salameh Pascale , Akel Marwan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsVaccine‐preventable illnesses continue to be a global health concern as immunization coverage remains below its targets. National plans emphasize on the essential role of multidisciplinary efforts and approaches to vaccination programs. Pharmacists are globally getting involved in immunization services as important members of the healthcare team. This study aimed to determine barriers, and assess challenges and possible opportunities to provide immunization in the Lebanese pharmacy practice.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study that included pharmacists from all over Lebanon, as part of a national research to assess the role of pharmacists as immunizers. All registered pharmacists in Lebanon practicing in community, hospital, or other clinical settings were considered eligible for participation. A web‐based self‐administered validated questionnaire, which is initially developed by the American Pharmacists Association, was adapted with permission.ResultsA total of 315 pharmacists responded to the survey. Only 23.1% declared completing an immunization training program. Over half of pharmacists (58.4%) administer vaccines to patients. A significant association between lack of support from physicians to pharmacists (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 2.099, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.290–3.414, p = 0.003) and vaccine administration was found, while cost associated with professional development and additional training (ORa = 0.533, 95% CI = 0.287–0.989, p = 0.046) was inversely associated to it. Logistic, financial, and legislative requirements as essential necessities were determined to successfully expand pharmacist‐led immunization services.ConclusionsThe major barriers and challenges to vaccine administration by pharmacists comprised a lack of physicians' support and expenses associated with professional development and additional training. Pharmacists administer more vaccination despite lack of support from physicians; whereas they administer less vaccination due to cost associated with professional development and further training. The scope of pharmacy practice in Lebanon is not well recognized by other healthcare providers and stakeholders to include immunization services.
Marangoni convection in a dielectric fluid layer with an AC electric field and nonuniform volumetric heat source due to incident radiation
Authors: Savitha Yaradehalli Lakkanna , Nanjundappa Chikkanalluru Erappa , Shivakumara Inapura Siddagangaiah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe role of a uniform AC electric field and a nonuniform volumetric heat source arising due to an external incident radiation on the onset of Marangoni convection in a horizontal layer of an incompressible dielectric fluid is investigated. The bottom rigid surface is fixed at a constant temperature while the top free surface at which the surface tension acts is considered to be nondeformable and a Robin boundary condition on the perturbation temperature is invoked. The nonuniform internal heating within the fluid layer alters the conduction temperature profile from linear to nonlinear in the vertical coordinate. The linear stability of the quiescent basic solution is studied with respect to normal mode disturbances. The resulting stability eigenvalue problem with variable coefficient is solved numerically using the Galerkin method. The impact of governing parameters on the instability of the system is discussed thoroughly. The forces causing instability reinforce together and are found to be tightly coupled. It is observed that the strength of nonuniform heat source and the electric Rayleigh number is to hasten, while an increase in the Biot number is to delay the onset of Marangoni electroconvection. Finally, the results obtained under the limiting cases are shown to be in good agreement with those published earlier.
Hydrodynamic and mass transfer correlations for SiC ceramic foam monolithic trays used in distillation column
Authors: Na Jian , Li Hong , Liu Xia , Ou Xiaoxia , Fan Xiaolei , Gao Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCellular foam materials are excellent engineering materials for many applications in chemical engineering, especially process intensification of chemical conversions and separation. Recently, a silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic foam monolithic tray was developed as an excellent mass transfer tool to improve distillation and it showed an improved operational flexibility. Previous studies have revealed the effects of open cell diameter and tray thickness on the hydraulic performance and mass transfer efficiency of SiC foam monolithic trays, but relevant correlations are still missing, limiting their practical uses.RESULTSIn this study, based on the published experimental data, empirical correlations were developed to predict the hydrodynamic performance and mass transfer efficiency of SiC ceramic foam monolithic trays. The new correlations include the influence of the tray structure parameters, such as open cell (or pore) diameter and tray thickness, and of the operation conditions (such as the liquid and vapor volumetric flow rates), and the data obtained agree well with the experimental results.CONCLUSIONThe availability of such empirical correlations can be beneficial for the chemical engineering design of practical distillation processes based on SiC foam monolithic trays. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Genetic counseling program remediation practices for students underperforming in clinical skills: An exploratory study
Authors: Scouten Rachel W. , Wesson Melissa , Wetherill Leah , Vance Gail H. , Delk Paula R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProgram‐level clinical remediation in genetic counseling training programs aims to help students who are underperforming gain clinical skills to successfully manage clinical counseling sessions with patients. Student remediation often requires intervention, including discussions with program leadership and/or a formal remediation plan through the program. This study surveyed genetic counseling program leaders to explore the remediation landscape by identifying skills in which students underperformed, program remediation activities to improve skills, and remediation outcomes. Thirteen participants indicated their program required at least one student to complete program‐level clinical remediation during the last 10 years. Eight of the 13 programs (61.5%) required at least one student to participate in clinical remediation for underperformance in professionalism, seven (53.8%) for underperformance in educating patients, six (46.2%) for underperformance in critical thinking, and two (15.4%) for underperformance in demonstrating empathy. Nineteen students were remediated for underperformance in critical thinking. Of those 19 students, one student (5.2%) was dismissed from the training program, and five students (26.3%) chose to withdraw from their program. One of 13 (7.7%) students remediated for underperformance in educating patients and one of 11 (9.1%) students remediated for underperformance in professionalism chose to withdraw from their programs. All students remediated for underperformance in demonstrating empathy successfully completed program‐level clinical remediation and graduated. The most frequently endorsed factor positively associated with remediation success was completion of additional in‐person patient encounters. The most frequent barrier was a student's poor mental health. Participants most frequently endorsed identification of resources for specific areas of remediation to improve their programs' efficacy in clinical remediation practices. This exploratory study provides valuable information describing clinical skills that require remediation in genetic counseling graduate training, the remediation practices utilized by training programs, and resources that may increase remediation success.
Does a youth intern programme strengthen HIV service delivery in South Africa? An interrupted time‐series analysis
Authors: Tollefson Deanna , Dasgupta Sayan , Setswe Geoffrey , Reeves Sarah , Churchyard Gavin , Charalambous Salome , Duerr Ann 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionSince 2018, Youth Health Africa (YHA) has placed unemployed young adults at health facilities across South Africa in 1‐year non‐clinical internships to support HIV services. While YHA is primarily designed to improve employment prospects for youth, it also strives to strengthen the health system. Hundreds of YHA interns have been placed in programme (e.g. HIV testing and counselling) or administrative (e.g. data and filing) roles, but their impact on HIV service delivery has not been evaluated.MethodsUsing routinely collected data from October 2017 to March 2020, we conducted an interrupted time‐series analysis to explore the impact of YHA on HIV testing, treatment initiation and retention in care. We analysed data from facilities in Gauteng and North West where interns were placed between November 2018 and October 2019. We used linear regression, accounting for facility‐level clustering and time correlation, to compare trends before and after interns were placed for seven HIV service indicators covering HIV testing, treatment initiation and retention in care. Outcomes were measured monthly at each facility. Time was measured as months since the first interns were placed at each facility. We conducted three secondary analyses per indicator, stratified by intern role, number of interns and region.ResultsBased on 207 facilities hosting 604 interns, YHA interns at facilities were associated with significant improvements in monthly trends for numbers of people tested for HIV, newly initiated on treatment and retained in care (i.e. loss to follow‐up, tested for viral load [VL] and virally suppressed). We found no difference in trends for the number of people newly diagnosed with HIV or the number initiating treatment within 14 days of diagnosis. Changes in HIV testing, overall treatment initiation and VL testing/suppression were most pronounced where there were programme interns and a higher number of interns; change in loss to follow‐up was greatest where there were administrative interns.ConclusionsPlacing interns in facilities to support non‐clinical tasks may improve HIV service delivery by contributing to improved HIV testing, treatment initiation and retention in care. Using youth interns as lay health workers may be an impactful strategy to strengthen the HIV response while supporting youth employment.
Visualizing Cerebral Small Vessel Degeneration During Aging and Diseases Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Huang Peiyu , Chen Kang , Liu Chen , Zhen Zhiming , Zhang Ruiting 
Published: April 2023

Cerebral small vessel disease is a major contributor to brain disorders in older adults. It is associated with a much higher risk of stroke and dementia. Due to a lack of clinical and fluid biomarkers, diagnosing and grading small vessel disease are highly dependent on magnetic resonance imaging. In the past, researchers mostly used brain parenchymal imaging markers to represent small vessel damage, but the relationships between these surrogate markers and small vessel pathologies are complex. Recent progress in high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging methods, including time‐of‐flight MR angiography, phase‐contrast MR angiography, black blood vessel wall imaging, susceptibility‐weighted imaging, and contrast‐enhanced methods, allow for direct visualization of cerebral small vessel structures. They could be powerful tools for understanding aging‐related small vessel degeneration and improving disease diagnosis and treatment. This article will review progress in these imaging techniques and their application in aging and disease studies. Some challenges and future directions are also discussed.Evidence Level4.Technical Efficacy3.
Preparation of D‐histidine modified zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 coated capillary column and its application in open‐tube capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation
Authors: Qi Shengda , Niu Xiao , Zhang Huige , Chen Hongli , Chen Xingguo 
Published: April 2023

Metal‐organic framework materials are a class of novel crystalline porous materials with regular pore structures formed by covalent bonding between metal centers and organic functional groups. Metal‐organic framework materials have attracted great interest in analytical chemistry due to their unique properties such as good stability and permanent porosity. In this work, D‐histidine was used to carry out chiral modification of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 under mild conditions, and the D‐histidine modified zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 coated capillary column was prepared. This chiral capillary column was used to separate epinephrine, norepinephrine, terbutaline, and tryptophan enantiomers. Under optimum conditions, baseline separations were achieved. The intra‐day, inter‐day, and inter‐column relative standard deviations (n = 3) of the four pairs of enantiomeric migration times were 0.15%–0.56%, 0.74%–2.40%, and 1.93%–3.18%, respectively. Moreover, the D‐histidine modified zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 coated capillary could be reused for at least 150 runs without significant changes in the separation efficiency and migration time.
Process modeling paradigm change
Authors: Pańkowska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBusiness process modeling and implementation has taken researchers' attention for almost 30 years, since Hammer and Champy published in 1992 their book on business process reengineering. Process management proponents mostly focused on the system approach and workflow modeling. In this paper, we would like to emphasize the issues of business process paradigm development. This paper's aim is to confront workflow modeling with case management. These two approaches have different purposes, although, through their application, the process paradigm change is presented. This study methodology covers the literature survey (LS) and case study. The LS on the application of Case Management Model Notation (CMMN) is included to answer the question for what purposes CMMN is applied. The empirical part covers a case study on remote audit (e‐audit) process modeling. Further, a discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of e‐audit process is included. Final conclusions concern the transformability of process modeling methodologies. This paper contributes to process management theory with explanations of how and why specific e‐audit processes are developed and how they expand process managers' practices. The e‐audit activities are included in step‐by‐step processes as well as in the case management model to improve knowledge sharing and practice improvement.