bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro anti‐trypanosomal activity of synthetic nitrofurantoin‐triazole hybrids against Trypanosoma species causing human African trypanosomosis
Authors: Seetsi Anna , N'da David D. , Molefe‐Nyembe Nthatisi , Suganuma Keisuke , Ramatla Tsepo , Thekisoe Oriel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman African trypanosomosis (HAT) which is also known as sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense that is endemic in western and central Africa and T. b. rhodesiense that is endemic in eastern and southern Africa. Drugs used for treatment against HAT first stage have limited effectiveness, and the second stage drugs have been reported to be toxic, expensive, and have time‐consuming administration, and parasitic resistance has developed against these drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐trypanosomal activity of nitrofurantoin‐triazole hybrids against T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense parasites in vitro. This study screened 19 synthesized nitrofurantoin‐triazole (NFT) hybrids on two strains of human trypanosomes, and cytotoxicity was evaluated on Madin‐Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. The findings in this study showed that an increase in the chain length and the number of carbon atoms in some n‐alkyl hybrids influenced the increase in anti‐trypanosomal activity against T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense. The short‐chain n‐alkyl hybrids showed decreased activity compared to the long‐chain n‐alkyl hybrids, with increased activity against both T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense. Incorporation of additional electron‐donating substituents in some NFT hybrids showed increased anti‐trypanosomal activity than to electron‐withdrawing substituents in NFT hybrids. All 19 NFT hybrids tested displayed better anti‐trypanosomal activity against T. b. gambiense than T. b. rhodesiense. The NFT hybrid no. 16 was among the best performing hybrids against both T. b. gambiense (0.08 ± 0.04 μM) and T. b.rhodesiense (0.11 ± 0.06 μM), and its activity might be influenced by the introduction of fluorine in the para‐position on the benzyl ring. Remarkably, the NFT hybrids in this study displayed weak to moderate cytotoxicity on MDBK cells. All of the NFT hybrids in this study had selectivity index values ranging from 18 to greater than 915, meaning that they were up to 10–100 times fold selective in their anti‐trypanosomal activity. The synthesized NFT hybrids showed strong selectivity >10 to T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense, which indicates that they qualify from the initial selection criteria for potential hit drugs.
Greater physiological resistance to heat may favour an invasive freshwater turtle, enabling it to outcompete native species in a changing climate
Authors: Zhang Changyi , Xu Yuxuan , Hua Yijia , Li Peng , Storey Kenneth B. , Zhang Wenyi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Climate warming and biological invasion can interact to affect ecosystems, and the results of such interactions depend on whether invaders show physiological advantages in their responses to warming environments as compared with native species after the establishment and local adaptation. However, it has rarely been evaluated.

The present study compared the heat tolerance of a globally invasive turtle, the red‐eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans, and two co‐occurring native turtle species in China, the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis and Chinese pond turtle Mauremys reevesii, after acclimation in the same thermal environment. The expression patterns of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), multiple heat shock proteins (HSPs) and telomere reverse transcriptase (TERT), and changes in relative telomere length (RTL) were then evaluated in liver and muscle of turtles under thermal stress.

The results showed that T. scripta elegans had greater physiological resistance to heat than the co‐occurring native turtle species, and that this higher tolerance was accompanied by a higher temperature induction of the peak expression of inducible HSPs in liver and a higher onset temperature for the main inducible HSPs in muscle. During thermal stress, T. scripta elegans showed a better ability to maintain the expression levels of TERT under extremely hot conditions, whereas high temperatures inhibited TERT in muscles of native turtle species. Meanwhile, thermal stress did not cause telomere erosion in any of the three turtle species and some treatments can lead to slightly longer telomeres in T. scripta elegans or M. reevesii.

Overall, the invasive turtle species showed higher heat tolerance and physiological advantages in enduring hot weather in comparison to the co‐occurring native turtle species. This may favour these invaders in situations of climate warming. Our study highlights the role of physiological adaptations displayed by invaders in achieving advantages over native species under climate change.
Depth‐dependent effects of ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen pools are accentuated under arbuscular mycorrhizal trees
Authors: Ward Elisabeth B. , Polussa Alexander , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlant mycorrhizal associations influence the accumulation and persistence of soil organic matter and could therefore shape ecosystem biogeochemical responses to global changes that are altering forest composition. For instance, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree dominance is increasing in temperate forests, and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs can respond positively to canopy disturbances. Yet how shifts in the co‐occurrence of trees and shrubs with different mycorrhizal associations will affect soil organic matter pools remains largely unknown. We examine the effects of ErM shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and indicators of microbial activity at different depths across gradients of AM versus ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree dominance in three temperate forest sites. We find that ErM shrubs strongly modulate tree mycorrhizal dominance effects. In surface soils, ErM shrubs increase particulate organic matter accumulation and weaken the positive relationship between soil organic matter stocks and indicators of microbial activity. These effects are strongest under AM trees that lack fungal symbionts that can degrade organic matter. In subsurface soil organic matter pools, by contrast, tree mycorrhizal dominance effects are stronger than those of ErM shrubs. Ectomycorrhizal tree dominance has a negative influence on particulate and mineral‐associated soil organic matter pools, and these effects are stronger for nitrogen than for carbon stocks. Our findings suggest that increasing co‐occurrence of ErM shrubs and AM trees will enhance particulate organic matter accumulation in surface soils by suppressing microbial activity while having little influence on mineral‐associated organic matter in subsurface soils. Our study highlights the importance of considering interactions between co‐occurring plant mycorrhizal types, as well as their depth‐dependent effects, for projecting changes in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in response to compositional shifts in temperate forests driven by disturbances and global change.
Under what circumstances can the forest sector contribute to 2050 climate change mitigation targets? A study from forest ecosystems to landfill methane emissions for the province of Quebec, Canada
Authors: Moreau Lucas , Thiffault Evelyne , Kurz Werner A. , Beauregard Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMeeting climate change mitigation targets by 2050, as outlined in international pledges, involves determining optimal strategies for forest management, wood supply, the substitution of greenhouse gas‐intensive materials and energy sources, and wood product disposal. Our study quantified the cumulative mitigation potential by 2050 of the forest sector in the province of Quebec, Canada, using several alternative strategies and assessed under what circumstances the sector could contribute to the targets. We used the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector to project ecosystems emissions and sequestration of seven alternative and one baseline (business‐as‐usual [BaU]) forest management scenarios over the 2018–2050 period. Three baskets of wood products were used in a Harvested Wood Products model to predict wood product emissions. The mitigation potential was determined by comparing the cumulative CO2e budget of each alternative scenario to the BaU. The proportion of methane emissions from landfills (RCH4%) and the required displacement factor (RDF) to achieve mitigation benefits were assessed both independently and jointly. The fastest and most efficient way to improve mitigation outcomes of the forest sector of Quebec is to reduce end‐of‐life methane emissions from wood products. By reducing methane emissions, the RDF for achieving mitigation benefits through intensification strategies can be reduced from 1.2–2.3 to 0–0.9 tC/tC, thus reaching the current provincial mean DF threshold (0.9). Both a reduction and an increase in the harvested volume have the potential to provide mitigation benefits with adequate RCH4% and RDF. Increased carbon sequestration in ecosystems, innovations in long‐lived wood products, and optimal substitution in markets offer potential avenues for the forest sector to contribute to mitigation benefits but are subject to significant uncertainties. Methane emission reduction at the end of wood product service life is emerging as a valuable approach to enhance mitigation benefits of the forest sector.
Conceptualizing transnational disappearances: Polish missing abroad and the governance of the search
Authors: Matyska Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransnational studies emphasize the continuous social presence of transnationally mobile people in their countries of origin. However, some of these individuals will disappear, bringing affective turmoil and uncertainty to the families left behind. Although research has focused on political indifference towards undocumented missing migrants, the effects of other mobility regimes on disappearances remain understudied. I explore patterns of Polish transnational disappearance. Poles as European Union citizens occupy a space of privileged mobility. Yet, I argue, they are also susceptible to disappearance and institutional disregard. I analyse four categories of Polish transnationally missing: temporary migrant workers, settled migrants, truck drivers and tourists. I show that each category carries a specific mobile status and an associated perception of vulnerability and traceability, both of which affect the governance of the search. The stratified reaction to Polish disappearances reflects a global mobility hierarchy and exemplifies the exclusionary practices of transnational governance.
Inorganic Hydrogeochemistry in the 21st Century
Authors: Zhu Chen , Fryar Alan E. , Apps John 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChemical and isotopic processes occur in every segment of the hydrological cycle. Hydrogeochemistry—the subdiscipline that studies these processes—has seen a transformation from “witch's brew” to credible science since 2000. Going forward, hydrogeochemical research and applications are critical to meeting urgent societal needs of climate change mitigation and clean energy, such as (1) removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing gigatons of CO2 in soils and aquifers to achieve net‐zero emissions, (2) securing critical minerals in support of the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies, and (3) protecting water resources by adapting to a warming climate. In the last two decades, we have seen extensive activity and progress in four research areas of hydrogeochemistry related to water‐rock interactions: arsenic contamination of groundwater; the use of isotopic and chemical tracers to quantify groundwater recharge and submarine groundwater discharge; the kinetics of chemical reactions and the mineral‐water interface's control of contaminant fate and transport; and the transformation of geochemical modeling from an expert‐only exercise to a widely accessible tool. In the future, embracing technological advances in machine learning, cyberinfrastructure, and isotope analytical tools will allow breakthrough research and expand the role of hydrogeochemistry in meeting society's needs for climate change mitigation and the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies.
The objective and subjective impact of a daily self‐massage on visible signs of stress on the skin and emotional well‐being
Authors: Flament Frederic , Maudet Aurelie , Bayer‐Vanmoen Muriel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, levels of stress, worry and sadness are increasing worldwide. Considered a part of healthcare, massage is associated with morphological, biological and psychological benefits. Little is known about using daily facial self‐massage to improve skin quality and well‐being.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a daily self‐massage on the visible signs of stress on facial skin and well‐being in women.Materials and MethodsThis open, prospective, clinical study was conducted in Paris, France. The visible signs of facial ageing were assessed with an objective 10‐point scale and a subjective skin and well‐being assessment with an online self‐questionnaire. Each day for 2 weeks, participants performed a prescribed, 3‐min self‐massage routine at‐home using a lubricant made of botanical oils. The prescribed massage included 14 gestures including stretching, flicking, deep typing, friction and smoothing on the face.ResultsOverall, 50 women, with Fitzpatrick skin type II or III, aged between 40 and 60 years were enrolled. Several statistically significant improvements on skin ageing signs were observed ptosis (p < 0.005, Student's t‐test, −4.9%), fine lines (p < 0.0001 Student's t‐test, −23.8%), plumpness (p < 0.005, Student's t‐test, +4.4%) and radiance (p < 0.0001 Student's t‐test, +16.7%). Subjective benefits were also declared. Most participants (>85%) agreed that their skin looks smoother, more bouncy and fine lines were reduced. Also, 100% of women declare that the massage boosts their feeling of well‐being.ConclusionThis study showed that facial self‐massage provided significant, visible clinical, and self‐observed skin benefits, and feelings of well‐being.
Immunological mechanisms underlying clinical phenotypes and noninvasive diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced kidney disease
Authors: Seethapathy Harish , Mistry Kavita , Sise Meghan E. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a mainstay of cancer therapy, with over 80 FDA‐approved indications. Used in a variety of settings and in combination with each other and with traditional chemotherapies, the hyperactive immune response induced by ICIs can often lead to immune‐related adverse events in bystander normal tissues such as the kidneys, lungs, and the heart. In the kidneys, this immune‐related adverse event manifests as acute interstitial nephritis (ICI‐AIN). In the era of widespread ICI use, it becomes vital to understand the clinical manifestations of ICI‐AIN and the importance of prompt diagnosis and management of these complications. In this review, we delve into the clinical phenotypes of ICI‐AIN and how they differ from traditional drug‐induced AIN. We also detail what is known about the mechanistic underpinnings of ICI‐AIN and the important diagnostic and therapeutic implications behind harnessing those mechanisms to further our understanding of these events and to formulate effective treatment plans to manage ICI‐AIN.
RETRACTED: Effect of Clindamycin compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam as prophylactic antibiotics for wound infections following major surgery for head and neck cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Yue , Yan Aihui , Jiang Feifei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis examination was implemented to review the effect of Clindamycin compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam as prophylactic antibiotics (PAs) management for surgical site wound infections (SSWIs) following major surgery (MS) for head and neck cancer (H&NC). A comprehensive literature examination till May 2023 was done and 1296 interrelated examinations were reviewed. The six elected examinations, enclosed 4293 personals with MS for H&NC were in the utilized examinations' starting point, 1722 of them were utilizing Clindamycin, and 2571 were utilizing Ampicillin‐Sulbactam. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to appraise the consequence of Clindamycin compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam as PAs management for SSWIs following MS for H&NC by the dichotomous approach and a fixed or random model. Clindamycin had significantly higher SSWI compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.40–5.02, p = 0.003) in personals with MS for H&NC. Clindamycin had significantly higher SSWI compared with Ampicillin‐Sulbactam in personals with MS for H&NC. However, caution needs to be taken when interacting with its values because there was a low sample size of some of the chosen examinations and a low number of examinations found for the comparisons in the meta‐analysis.
Review and perspective on polyhedron model for estimating thermodynamic properties of oxides
Authors: Moosavi‐Khoonsari Elmira , Arias‐Hernandez Jesus Alejandro , Kwon Sun Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKnowledge of thermodynamics and phase equilibria of oxidic materials is crucial for advancement in the field of ceramics and glass. With the development of computational thermodynamics, predicting phase diagrams and chemical reactions of multicomponent systems has become possible. However, there are still plenty of oxides, the thermodynamic properties of which have not been identified due to the challenges in conducting experiments. Therefore, a key to the advancement in thermodynamic modeling would be to develop a universal model that can be used to estimate the thermodynamic properties of oxides with reliable extrapolation capacity. Atomistic (or molecular) scale models are still insufficient in predicting the thermodynamic properties of oxides at any scale. Alternatively, among group contribution–based methods, the polyhedron model has presented its potential in the estimation of the thermodynamic properties of ionic crystals. However, this model still demands improvements that increase the model's accuracy and extrapolation capacity. In this paper, the background and the state‐of‐the‐art of polyhedron model will be presented together with its strengths and shortcomings. Subsequently, it will be briefly discussed how the field of artificial intelligence could be exploited to devise the next generation of the polyhedron model, the modified polyhedron model.
Understanding the adsorption of calcium sulfate on tetracalcium aluminoferrite and tricalcium aluminate surfaces
Authors: Zhong Haoxuan , Yang Lu , Wang Fazhou 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCalcium sulfate (CaSO4), an essential retarder in cement, retards the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) phases. However, its retarding mechanism remains unclear. This paper focused on the adsorption of CaSO4f on C4AF and C3A surfaces based on isothermal calorimetry, the measurement of the ionic concentrations in a diluted system, and density functional theory to enhance the understanding of the retardation mechanism. The results showed that the retarding effect of CaSO4 on C4AF was stronger than that on C3A due to the slower CaSO4 consumption rate, lower driving force for CaSO4 adsorption, and surface coverage of Fe(OH)3 gel. The adsorption of CaSO4 hindered Ca dissolution more markedly on C4AF than C3A, which was pronounced on Fe‐free C4AF surfaces. The adsorption of CaSO4 weakened the affinity of water on C4AF and C3A surfaces, lowering the driving force for H2O adsorption. The adsorption of H2O and CaSO4 promoted the dissolution of Al on the [AlO6] octahedral surface of C4AF, which may be responsible for the maintenance of a higher Al concentration in the solution. Based on the above results, the adsorption of CaSO4 on initial C4AF and C3A hydration was explained.
Utility of short‐time electrocardiogram to assess risk for atrial arrhythmia recurrence: Impact of atrial premature beat occurrence 1 day after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yamada Shinya , Kaneshiro Takashi , Nodera Minoru , Amami Kazuaki , Nehashi Takeshi , Horikoshi Yukiko , Yamadera Yukio , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionAtrial premature beats (APBs) are the trigger for atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to investigate the clinical significance of APB occurrence 1 day after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for AF using a short‐time electrocardiogram.MethodsA total of 206 patients undergoing PVI for paroxysmal AF were included. Electrocardiogram recording for 100 consecutive beats was performed 1 day after PVI. The patients were divided into two groups: those with reproducible APBs (≥1 beat) during reassessment (APB group, n = 49) or those without (non‐APB group, n = 157). Late recurrence was defined as atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence 3–12 months after PVI. The impact of APB occurrence on outcomes was investigated.ResultsLate recurrence occurred in 19 patients (9.2%). The presence of low‐voltage areas, left atrial volume, and recurrence rate were higher in the APB group than in the non‐APB group. In the APB group, the patients with recurrence had lower prematurity index (PI, coupling interval of APB/previous cycle length) compared to those without. Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis revealed PI (<59.3) to be a predictive factor of recurrence (area under the curve: 0.733). The study subjects were then reclassified into three groups according to the absence of APB occurrence (n = 157), presence thereof with PI ≥ 59.3 (n = 33), and presence with PI < 59.3 (n = 16). The multivariate Cox models revealed that APB with PI < 59.3 was an independent predictor for recurrence (hazard ratio, 8.735; p < 0.001).ConclusionA short‐time electrocardiogram enables risk assessment for arrhythmia recurrence, and APB with low PI 1 day after PVI is a powerful predictor.
FLRT2 suppresses bladder cancer progression through inducing ferroptosis
Authors: Jiang Pengcheng , Ning Jinzhuo , Yu Weimin , Rao Ting , Ruan Yuan , Cheng Fan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBladder cancer is a common tumour worldwide and exhibits a poor prognosis. Fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 2 (FLRT2) is associated with the regulation of multiple tumours; however, its function in human bladder cancer remain unclear. Herein, we found that FLRT2 level was reduced in human bladder cancer and that higher FLRT2 level predicted lower survival rate. FLRT2 overexpression inhibited, while FLRT2 silence facilitated tumour cell growth, migration and invasion. Mechanistic studies revealed that FLRT2 elevated acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4) expression, increased lipid peroxidation and subsequently facilitated ferroptosis of human bladder cancer cells. In summary, we demonstrate that FLRT2 elevates ACSL4 expression to facilitate lipid peroxidation and subsequently triggers ferroptosis, thereby inhibiting the malignant phenotype of human bladder cancer cells. Overall, we identify FLRT2 as a tumour suppressor gene.