bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decarbonizing integrated chlor-alkali and vinyl chloride monomer production: Reducing the cost with industrial flexibility
Authors: Foslie Sverre Stefanussen , Straus Julian , Knudsen Brage Rugstad , Korpås Magnus 
Published: March 2023

<p>Industrial demand response will become increasingly important in power grids with high shares of variable renewables, yet the existing knowledge on how the industrial electricity demand and flexibility will change with the decarbonization of chemical processes is limited. Here we develop a mixed-integer linear optimization model, which we use to compare the cost and flexibility of the most relevant decarbonization options for the combined chlor-alkali electrolysis (CAE) and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production process. We combine product and energy storage to enable the full flexibility potential of the decarbonized process. Our results show that flexible operation of the CAE process is deemed technically possible but limited by internal process dependencies due to decarbonization of the VCM production. Combining energy and product storage for demand response enables up to 4% operational cost reduction by shifting loads during peak price hours. High overcapacity of PEM electrolyzers are required to release the full flexibility potential in the hydrogen based decarbonization option, while the less flexible direct electrification option shows a potential for OPEX reduction. Full decarbonization of the combined CAE and VCM process without increasing operational cost significantly appears difficult. Our study emphasizes demand response through product and energy storages as a viable pathway for minimizing the added cost, and also enables a significant reduction of electric demand in high-price hours. </p>
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDENTS’ USE OF INDONESIAN-ENGLISH CODE SWITCHING ON INSTAGRAM
Authors: Aprilianti Anita , Suganda Lingga , Petrus Ismail 
Published: March 2023

Code switching often occurs in daily conversation of multilingual society, including on their use of social media. This study aims to describe the types, functions, and reasons of code switching made by university students of English Education Department in their Instagram accounts. The data in this study are in the form of caption and comments on the Instagram accounts and the responses from the interview and questionnaire with 61 participants. This study used three instruments, namely documentation, questionnaires, and interviews. The findings indicated that tag switching was the dominantly used type of code switching with directive, poetic, and expressive functions. While, to attract attention, to show habitual expression, to address different audience, and to show mood of the speaker were the functions and reasons of their code switching. Code switching with regards to the certain types, functions, and reasons is used naturally within informal context communication among the youth who know and learn English as a foreign language (EFL) formally.
LANGUAGE LEARNING STYLE PREFERENCES OF SUCCESSFUL EFL LEARNERS OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Tahmina Tania 
Published: March 2023

A learner’s learning style is a complex paradigm. This study was conducted to explore the most dominant language learning style of the successful learners of the Department of English, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study used a mixed method. The data was obtained from a questionnaire, learners’ scores, and interviews. Twenty learners were classified as high achievers who participated in this study. This study used a 24-item Barsch Learning Style Inventory (BLSI) as a research instrument and measured learners’ learning styles through short answer questions and categorized them as visual, auditory, or kinesthetic. The learners’ academic achievement was determined by their Grade Point Average (GPA) of the last term-final examination. Five learners were selected for the semi-structured in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that the dominant learning style of the high achiever learners was visual learning style preferences, with a mean score of 63.75. The results of the study will contribute to the current understanding of good language learners’ preferences of learning styles and provide insight for learners, teachers, curriculum designers, administration, and future researchers.
SUMBER DAYA INÉWAI LIYAN MANGGARAI DALAM PERSPEKTIF LIFEWORLD
Authors: Barung Kanisius 
Published: March 2023

Inéwai dalam esai ini adalah perempuan Manggarai di Flores Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Liyan adalah pembatas yang menjelaskan fenomena sumber daya inéwai yang masih terbelenggu dalam realitas sosiokultural. Masalah inéwai liyan ditulis untuk mengeksplanasi nilai-nilai keberadaan inéwai dalam perspektif lifeworld dari waktu ke waktu. Data tulisan ini dikumpulkan dari sumbernya (dokumen cetak, pengetahuan penulis, dan narasumber) dengan menggunakan metode pengamatan dan wawancara. Data dieksplanasi dengan metode padan. Dari perspektif lifeworld itu terungkap nilai keberadaan inéwai Manggarai yang direpresentasikan dalam sosok liyan. Nilai keberadaan inéwai Manggarai diterangkan sebagai liyan yang tidak berdaya, yang buta aksara, yang kalah bersaing, yang pasif menunggu pinangan, yang menjadi korban kekerasan, yang cintanya tergadaikan atas nama adat, yang berperan minor (bawahan, hamba suami, ibu rumah tangga). Sebenarnya liyan memiliki daya kecantikan dan keramahan serta kecakapan hidup, tetapi liyan terbelenggu dalam realitas sosiokultural pada waktu lampau. Liyan harus belajar mengelola nilai diri untuk berdaya secara mandiri atau diberdayakan supaya bebas dari ketidakberdayaan menjadi reliyan sebagai sosok perempuan hebat masa depan.
PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DAN GLOBALISASI: UNTUK PROFIT ATAU CULTIVATING HUMANITY?
Authors: Baghi Felix 
Published: March 2023

Keterbukaan terhadap yang lain hanya mungkin kalau orang saling belajar dengan menatap ke depan, memandang setiap keberlainan dengan cita rasa kemanusiaan yang kaya makna, penuh empati. Yang Lain dalam konteks tanggung jawab etis yang asimteris (Levinas), dalam terang hubungan interpersonal yang mutual (Paul Ricoeur) dan dalam kesanggupan mengantisipasi kemustahilan kedatangan yang lain, suatu antisipasi yang membutuhkan keberanian untuk menghadapi segala situasi yang tidak dapat diduga sebelumnya (Jacques Derrida). Oleh karena itu, pendidikan yang adekuat untuk hidup dalam suatu iklim demokrasi yang pluralistik adalah pendidikan yang multikultural. Pendidikan multikutural mengajarkan anak didik untuk mengenal dan terbuka terhadap kisah dan narasi hidup serta kultur kelompok yang lain, baik dari dimensi religius, etnis, ekonomis, politis dan gender. Dalam dimensinya yang global, pendidikan multikultural membutuhkan kontribusi interaktif dari pengetahuan sejarah, geografi, studi kebudayaan yang interdisipliner, sejarah hukum dan sistim politik serta studi-studi keagamaan.
Etika Dalam Mengurus Negara
Authors: Sonbay Ermalindus A. J. 
Published: March 2023

Etika merupakan dimensi penting dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Kita diberi kesempatan untuk merefleksikan unsur-unsur etis dalam pendapat-pendapat spontan kita. Refleksi menjadi penting karena akan terjadi benturan pendapat antara pihak yang satu dengan pihak yang lain. Oleh karena itu kita membutuhkan etika untuk mencari tahu apa yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh manusia. Etika memerlukan sikap kritis, metodis, dan sistematis dalam melakukan refleksi. Karena itulah etika merupakan suatu ilmu. Sebagai suatu ilmu, objek dari etika adalah tingkah laku manusia yang memiliki sudut pandang normatif. Dalam konteks mengurus Negara, ada banyak dimensi etika yang menuntun para pejabat, mitra, dan rakyat untuk mengedepankan kebaikan, kebenaran, dan persatuan. Kalau etika dijalankan dengan baik, maka Negara kita pun akan mencapai tujuan terbesarnya yaitu kesejahteraan bersama.
DESAIN APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN PETA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA
Authors: Yohannes Marryono Jamun  
Published: March 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang begitu pesat sudah merambah dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan termasuk bidang pendidikan. yang ada di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Berbagai media pembelajaran berbasis TIK telah menjadi alat bantu dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di sejumlah sekolah di NTT. Salah satu yang ingin diterapkan adalah penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran peta Nusa Tenggara Timur (APPNTT) yang saat ini efektif digunakan untuk mendukung pembelajaran berbasis multimedia yang terdiri dari gambar, teks, animasi, maupun suara sebagai alat bantu. Dalam pembuatan aplikasi APPNTT ini digunakan Adobe Flash CS3, Format Factory, serta Adobe Photoshop CS3. Hasil pengujian fungsionalitas menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi Pembelajaran Peta Nusa Tengara Timur Berbasis Multimedia (APPNTT) telah berhasil dibangun oleh penulis. Aplikasi Pembelajaran Peta Nusa Tengara Timur Berbasis Multimedia (APPNTT) memberikan informasi tentang pengetahuan umum kabupaten yang ada di Nusa Tenggara Timur
APRESIASI MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF GENDER PADA SISWA KELAS VIII
Authors: Sebastianus Fedi  
Published: March 2023

Apresiasi matematika adalah penilaian secara sadar akan peran penting matematika dalam hidup kita. Makin tinggi apresiasi matematika maka motivasi belajar matematika juga makin tinggi. Sementara ada pendapat ahli yang mendukung perbedaan di mana pada urusan yang sulit dan abstrak seperti matematika, apresiasi kaum laki-laki lebih tinggi daripada wanita. Melalui penelitian deskriptif-kiantitatif, dengan pada nilai rata-rata, yang melibatkan 114 pria dan 114 wanita dari 560 siswa kelas VIII sekecamatan Poco Ranaka Barat, Manggarai Timur, NTT, diperoleh kesimpulan (1) apresiasi matematika siswa kelas VIII sekecamatan Poco Ranaka Barat berada pada tingkat sedang; dan (2) tidak ada perbedaan tingkat apresiasi matematika antara siswa laki-laki dengan siswa perempuan.
Contralateral delay activity, but not alpha lateralization, indexes prioritization of information for working memory storage
Authors: Schroeder Svea C. Y. , Aagten-Murphy David , Busch Niko A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWorking memory is inherently limited, which makes it important to select and maintain only task-relevant information and to protect it from distraction. Previous research has suggested the contralateral delay activity (CDA) and lateralized alpha oscillations as neural candidates for such a prioritization process. While most of this work focused on distraction during encoding, we examined the effect of external distraction presented during memory maintenance. Participants memorized the orientations of three lateralized objects. After an initial distraction-free maintenance interval, distractors appeared in the same location as the targets or in the opposite hemifield. This distraction was followed by another distraction-free interval. Our results show that CDA amplitudes were stronger in the interval before compared with the interval after the distraction (i.e., CDA amplitudes were stronger in response to targets compared with distractors). This amplitude reduction in response to distractors was more pronounced in participants with higher memory accuracy, indicating prioritization and maintenance of relevant over irrelevant information. In contrast, alpha lateralization did not change from the interval before distraction compared with the interval after distraction, and we found no correlation between alpha lateralization and memory accuracy. These results suggest that alpha lateralization plays no direct role in either selective maintenance of task-relevant information or inhibition of distractors. Instead, alpha lateralization reflects the current allocation of spatial attention to the most salient information regardless of task-relevance. In contrast, CDA indicates flexible allocation of working memory resources depending on task-relevance.
A comparison between different variants of the spatial Stroop task: The influence of analytic flexibility on Stroop effect estimates and reliability
Authors: Viviani Giada , Visalli Antonino , Finos Livio , Vallesi Antonino , Ambrosini Ettore 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe spatial Stroop task measures the ability to resolve interference between relevant and irrelevant spatial information. We recently proposed a four-choice spatial Stroop task that ensures methodological advantages over the original color-word verbal Stroop task, requiring participants to indicate the direction of an arrow while ignoring its position in one of the screen corners. However, its peripheral spatial arrangement might represent a methodological weakness and could introduce experimental confounds. Thus, aiming at improving our “Peripheral” spatial Stroop, we designed and made available five novel spatial Stroop tasks (Perifoveal, Navon, Figure-Ground, Flanker, and Saliency), wherein the stimuli appeared at the center of the screen. In a within-subjects online study, we compared the six versions to identify which task produced the largest but also the most reliable and robust Stroop effect. Indeed, although internal reliability is frequently overlooked, its estimate is fundamental, also in light of the recently proposed reliability paradox. Data analyses were performed using both the classical general linear model analytical approach and two multilevel modelling approaches (linear mixed models and random coefficient analysis), which specifically served for more accurately estimating the Stroop effect by explaining intra-subject, trial-by-trial variability. We then assessed our results based on their robustness to such analytic flexibility. Overall, our results indicate that the Perifoveal spatial Stroop is the best alternative task for its statistical properties and methodological advantages. Interestingly, our results also indicate that the Peripheral and Perifoveal Stroop effects were not only the largest, but also those with highest and most robust internal reliability.
Predictive value of cardiovascular risk scoring systems for the detection of myocardial injury following carbon monoxide intoxication
Authors: Özkoç Mustafa , Aksakal Emrah , Derman Ömer Faruk , Saraç Ibrahim , Koza Yavuzer 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:
This single-center, retrospective study investigates the predictive value of cardiovascular (CV) risk-calculation systems in patients admitted to the emergency department with carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication for the identification of potential myocardial injury.

METHODS:
The total CV risk of 558 patients presenting to the emergency department with CO intoxication were calculated on admission using different CV risk scoring systems, including SCORE Turkey, European Heart SCORE, and FRAMINGHAM to predict potential myocardial injury secondary to poisoning, and the risk levels were categorized based on the calculated scores. The presence of myocardial injury was identified based on the level of elevation of a cardiac biomarker (Serum cardiac troponin-I >99th percentile upper reference limit).

RESULTS:
Myocardial injury due to CO intoxication was detected in 132 (23.7%) of the patients. A comparison of the risk scoring systems' ability to detect the presence of myocardial injury revealed that all had significant, similar, but low predictive values (the “area under the curve” values of SCORE Turkey, European Heart SCORE and FRAMINGHAM were 0.653, 0.632, and 0.629, respectively; P < 0.001). Among the three risk scoring systems, SCORE Turkey was the most successful test in diagnosing myocardial injury with 87% specificity, while FRAMINGHAM scoring was the most successful test in excluding the presence of myocardial injury with 72.1% sensitivity.

CONCLUSION:
Among the tested CV risk-calculation systems SCORE Turkey, was found to be the most effective in the prediction of myocardial injury secondary to CO poisoning, but all produced similar and significant results.
Accuracy of airway ultrasound parameters to predict difficult airway using the LEMON criteria as a reference
Authors: Sotoodehnia Mehran , Abbasi Najmeh , Bahri Razman Arabzadeh , Abdollahi Atefeh , Baratloo Alireza 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Ultrasound (US) airway indexes were frequently compared with other scoring systems such as Mallampati score and Cormack − Lehane classification system, but to the best of our knowledge never with LEMON. Here, in this study, we evaluated the accuracy of some recommended airway US parameters in terms of screening difficult airway using the LEMON criteria as a reference.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study in which people with at least 18 years old coming to the emergency departments for any reason who had consent for participation, were enrolled with the simple random sampling method. Hyo-mental distance (HMD), skin to epiglottis distance (EP), and peri-epiglottic space to epiglottis to vocal cord ratio (PEP/E. VC) were the US indexes that were calculated in all participants. Using a preprepared checklist, measured US parameters were recorded. For each participant, the LEMON score variables were also assessed and recorded, and the cutoff point for considering as a difficult airway case, based on LEMON score, was 2. Demographic characteristics of the participants were also registered.

RESULTS:
A total of 299 cases with a mean age of 41.1 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.3–42.9), were participated. Based on LEMON score ≥2, 20 participants (6.7%) were categorized in difficult airway group. Comparison of the PEP/E. VC (P = 0.007) and EP distance (P = 0.049) of the participants based on LEMON score showed a statistically significant difference; but comparison of the means of HMD in the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.144). The median of EP of the participants was 7.70 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.70–9.40). The best cutoff point of EP distance for evaluating a difficult airway was 12.27 mm and more with the sensitivity of 35% and the specificity of 86.96% (accuracy = 0.614; 95% CI: 0.492–0.736). The median of PEP/E. VC was 1.01(IQR: 0.79–1.23). The best cutoff point of PEP/E. VC for evaluating a difficult airway was 0.88 and less with the sensitivity of 70% and the specificity of 67.38% (accuracy = 0.701; 95% CI: 0.583–0.818).

CONCLUSION:
As per our results, PEP/E. VC and EP distance measured with sonography can be used in distinguishing the difficult airway, using the LEMON criteria as the reference. However, further studies are needed to use PEP/E. VC and EP distance as a part of reliable indexes.
Comparison of novel anteroposterior short-axis in-plane technique with conventional short-axis out-of-plane technique for ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation
Authors: Bhutia Karma Ongmu , Sharma Ankur , Goyal Shilpa , Kothari Nikhil , Kumari Kamlesh , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Sethi Priyanka , Bhatia Pradeep 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Various ultrasound (US)-guided probe positioning and needle procedures have been described in the literature for cannulation of the internal jugular vein (IJV). In the present study, we compared the conventional short-axis out-of-plane (SAX-OOP) method with a novel anteroposterior short-axis in-plane (APSAX-IP) technique for IJV cannulation under US guidance. The APSAX-IP method of IJV cannulation has not been compared to other IJV cannulation techniques.

METHODS:
A total of 104 patients above 18-year-old were randomly allocated to one of two groups - APSAX-IP or SAX-OOP and evaluated for US-guided IJV cannulation in either the operating room or critical care unit. The primary outcome of this research was the access time for IJV cannulation using both approaches. The secondary outcomes were the number of attempts of needle insertion, success rate, and complications of IJV cannulation.

RESULTS:
The access time for IJV cannulation was 13.0 (12.0–15.0) sec in the APSAX-IP group and 13.0 (12.0–14.0) sec in the SAX-OOP group; P = 0.947. The number of successful 1st attempts was 90.91%, and the 2nd attempts were 9.09% in the APSAX-IP group and 85.19% and 14.81% in the SAX-OOP group, respectively. Both techniques did not have any complications.

CONCLUSIONS:
We conclude that the US-guided APSAX-IP IJV cannulation method has comparable access time to the SAX-OOP technique.
Poor adherence to the recommended pulmonary embolism diagnostic pathway in the emergency department
Authors: Hadid Alia M. , Jalabi Ala , Anka Mahmoud , Cevik Arif A 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Pulmonary embolus (PE) is a form of venous thromboembolism associated with increased morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated early. Variations in clinical presentation make the diagnosis challenging. The gold standard for diagnosing PE is a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). Physicians show a low threshold for over-investigating PE. The evaluation of patients with suspected PE should be efficient, including but not limited to the use of risk stratification methods. This study aims to assess the adherence to the recommended diagnostic pathways of ordering CTPAs in patients with suspected PE.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included patients above 18 years of age who received a CTPA for a suspected PE in the emergency department (ED) of a hospital between 2015 and 2019. Patient demographic data, chief complaint, variables of the Wells and pulmonary emboli rule-out criteria scores, pregnancy status, investigations, and the patient's final PE diagnosis were extracted from the hospital electronic medical records. Diagnostic pathways that took place were compared to the internationally recommended pathway.

RESULTS:
Four hundred and eighty-six patients were included in this study. The mean age was 51.01 (±19.5) years, and 377 (69.3%) patients were female. The recommended PE diagnostic pathway to order CTPA was incorrectly followed in 288 patients (59.3%). Seventy-five (15.4%) patients received an unnecessary CTPA. D-dimer test was ordered unnecessarily in 144 patients (29.6%). The overall prevalence of PE in our population was 9.47% (n: 46). Out of the 75 unnecessarily ordered CTPAs, 2 (2.7%) showed PE, while CTPAs ordered using the correct pathway showed 31 (10.9%) PEs.

CONCLUSION:
Our study revealed that approximately two-thirds of all CTPA requests did not adhere to the recommended PE clinical decision pathway. There was a significant improper and unnecessary utilization of CTPA imaging and D-dimer testing. Improvements seem imperative to enhance physicians' clinical approach to PE diagnosis.