bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubble Nucleation and Growth on Microstructured Surfaces under Microgravity
Authors: Zhang Qiushi , Mo Dongchuan , Janowitz Jiya , Ringle Dan , Mays David , Diddle Andrew , Rexroat Jason , Lee Eungkyu , Luo Tengfei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the nucleation and growth dynamics of the surface bubbles generated on a heated surface can benefit a wide range of modern technologies, such as the cooling systems of electronics, refrigeration cycles, nuclear reactors and metal industries, etc. Usually, these studies are conducted in a terrestrial environment. As space exploration and economy expand at an unprecedented pace, the aforementioned applications that are potentially deployable in space call for the understanding of thermal bubble phenomena in a microgravity setting. In this work, we investigate the nucleation and growth of surface bubbles in space, where the gravity effect is negligible compared to Earth. We observe much faster bubble nucleation, and the growth rate can be ~30 times higher than that on Earth. Our finite element thermofluidic simulations show that the thermal convective flow due to gravity around the nucleation site is the key factor that effectively dissipates the heat from the heating substrate to the bulk liquid and slows down the bubble nucleation and growth processes. Due to the microgravity field in space, the thermal convective flow is negligible compared to the terrestrial environment, leading to heat localization around the nucleation site, thus enabling faster bubble nucleation and growth in space. We also find that bubble nucleation can be influenced by the characteristic length of the microstructures on heating surface. The microstructures behave as fins to enhance the cooling of the surface. With finer microstructures enabling more efficient surface-to-liquid heat transfer, the bubble nucleation takes longer.
The impact of public-private investment in energy on environmental degradation: Evidence from major investment countries
Authors: Ummalla Mallesh , Samal Asharani , Goyari Phanindra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The objective of the present study is to explore the impact of public-private investment in energy, foreign direct investment, urbanization, and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on environmental degradation in major investment countries during the period 1998Q4-2018Q4. In doing so, the cross-sectional dependence test and CIPS panel unit test were employed to identify the cross-sectionally dependency and the integrational properties/ stationarity among the variables. Further, we opted for Westerlund (2007) panel cointegration test to check the long-run association among the variables. To achieve the short-run and long-run elasticities, we have recommended cross-sectional-autoregressive distributive lag (CS-ARDL). The study outcomes revealed that public-private partnership in energy is negatively and significantly impacting CO2 emissions in both the short run and the long run. Further, foreign direct investment and urbanization are negatively related to CO2 emissions, while renewable energy is positively affected it. However, the coefficients are insignificant. Moreover, non-renewable energy has a positive and substantial influence on CO2 emissions. Lastly, study outcomes offer several policy insights to develop investment in public and private partnerships in the energy sector to reduce CO2 emissions in major investment countries.
FET fusion oncoproteins disrupt physiologic DNA repair networks and induce ATR synthetic lethality in cancer
Authors: Tulpule Asmin , Menon Shruti , Breese Marcus , Lin Yone , Allegakoen Hannah , Perati Shruthi , Heslin Ann , Horlbeck Max , Weissman Jonathan , Sweet-Cordero Alejandro , Bivona Trever 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The genetic principle of synthetic lethality is clinically validated in cancers with loss of specific DNA damage response (DDR) pathway genes (i.e. BRCA1/2 tumor suppressor mutations). The broader question of whether and how oncogenes create tumor-specific vulnerabilities within DDR networks remains unanswered. Native FET protein family members are among the earliest proteins recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during the DDR, though the function of both native FET proteins and FET fusion oncoproteins in DSB repair remains poorly defined. Here we focus on Ewing sarcoma (ES), an EWS-FLI1 fusion oncoprotein-driven pediatric bone tumor, as a model for FET rearranged cancers. We discover that the EWS-FLI1 fusion oncoprotein is recruited to DNA DSBs and interferes with native EWS function in activating the DNA damage sensor ATM. Using preclinical mechanistic approaches and clinical datasets, we establish functional ATM deficiency as a principal DNA repair defect in ES and the compensatory ATR signaling axis as a collateral dependency and therapeutic target in FET rearranged cancers. Thus, aberrant recruitment of a fusion oncoprotein to sites of DNA damage can disrupt normal DSB repair, revealing a mechanism for how oncogenes can create cancer-specific synthetic lethality within DDR networks.
Ansa-metallocene Catalyst based on 3-phenyl and 4-methyl Substituted: Catalyst Evaluation in Conjugated and Non-conjugated Diene Polymerization
Authors: ALI Amjad , Nadeem Muhammad , Naveed Ahmad , Aziz Tariq , Tufail Khurram , Moradian Jamile Mohammadi , Ahmad Naushad , Maouche Chanez , Rasheed Tahir , Zhiqiang Fan , Guo Li 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this contribution, we describe the kinetics associated with the rac-Me2Si[2-Me-4-Ph-Ind]2ZrCl2 (Cat-1)/borate/TIBA catalyzed copolymerization of E/dienes (isoprene (IP), butadiene (BD), 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and vinyl norbornene (VNB)), and E/diene/1-hexene (1H) terpolymerization by using thiophenecarbonyl chloride (TPCC) that was used in Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) and metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) and E/P polymerizations. In both types of polymerizations, a higher amount of dienes was incorporated when VNB (2.70 mole %) and VCH (1.56 mole %) were added as comonomer, but IP and BD were incorporated with the moderated rate (0.6-1.1 mole %) with higher activities (3.45x106gm/mmolMt·h). The active center [Zr]/[C*] fraction is higher (61%) than previously reported PE polymerizations, especially in the case of E/IP, E/BD and E/IP/1H but lower than E/P (87%) copolymerization. Significantly, IP and BD activated the inactive catalytic sites that were dormant in the PE. The propagation rate constant (kpE) with IP was higher (kp564 Lmol-1s-1), while kpE with VNB (kp379 Lmol-1s-1) and VCH (kp304 Lmol-1s-1), which were lower than PE. This difference is built because of the diffusion barrier in the system. Compared to E/diene copolymers, kpE values in E/diene/1H terpolymerizations for IP, VCH, and VNB are higher and stable except ENB and determine that 1H prevents the insertion of dienes and reduces the crystalline properties resultant moderate kpE. Even though the E/BD copolymers decreased butadiene content of over 2 mol% resulted in better crystalline characteristics, lower diffusion barriers, and a higher kpE value. In concept, IP and BD are linear and readily available for coordination. While VCH, ENB and VNB are cyclic and bulky, metallocene in contact ion pairs cannot accept ENB, VNB, and VCH for coordination and subsequently act as dormant in the polymerization.
A Non-Canonical Nucleophile Unlocks a New Mechanistic Pathway in a Designed Enzyme
Authors: Crossley Amy , Crawshaw Rebecca , Hardy Florence , Johannissen Linus , Lister Thomas , Gérard Emilie , Birch-Price Zachary , Obexer Richard , Hay Sam , Green Anthony 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Directed evolution of computationally designed enzymes has provided new insights into the emergence of sophisticated catalytic sites in proteins. In this regard, we have recently shown that a histidine nucleophile and a flexible arginine can work in synergy to accelerate the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction with unrivalled efficiency. Here, we show that replacing the catalytic histidine with a non-canonical Nδ-methylhistidine (MeHis23) nucleophile leads to a substantially altered evolutionary outcome in which the catalytic Arg124 has been abandoned. Instead, a Glu26 has emerged, which mediates a rate-limiting proton transfer step to deliver an enzyme (BHMeHis1.8) that is an order of magnitude more active than our earlier MBHase. Interestingly, the MeHis nucleophile of BHMeHis1.8 can be replaced by a canonical histidine with only a modest, 4-fold reduction in kcat. However, analysis of the BHMeHis1.8 evolutionary trajectory reveals that the non-canonical nucleophile was crucial in the early stages of engineering to unlock the new mechanistic pathway. This study demonstrates how even subtle perturbations to key catalytic elements of designed enzymes can lead to vastly different evolutionary outcomes, resulting in new mechanistic solutions to complex chemical transformations.
Exploring the detrimental influence of punishment in social dilemma contexts: Effects of punishment magnitude and type
Authors: Mizuno Keiko , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

An increasing body of research suggests that punishment systems in social dilemma situations may discourage cooperation by reducing trust and social incentives. If this is the case, one would expect a substantial decrease in cooperation when the punishment system is introduced and then removed. In this study, we defined the detrimental effect of punishment (DEP) as a reduction in cooperation after the removal of punishment in comparison to cooperation in a control group. We investigated the occurrence of DEP by manipulating the magnitude (strong, weak) and type (normative, competitive) of punishment. Through two pre-registered studies, we found no significant DEPs for any combination of punishment magnitude and type. By adopting the approach of ascertaining the robustness of the phenomenon under investigation before delving into its mechanism, it may be possible to address the reproducibility issue.
Urban greening effectively curbs warming in Chinese cities
Authors: Bai Tingting , Yang Lin , Zhou Yuyu , Chen Bin , Song Yongze , Yuan Yuan , Meng Lin , Xia Ziqian , Chen Min , Xu Zhenci , Zhao Peng , Dong Guihua , Zhang Lei , Zhao Jiacheng , Wu Wanben , Cheng Jie , Ciais Philippe , Dong Xu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Urban greening (UG) affects local climate by altering surface energy balance, while long-term UG cooling potential, patterns, and contribution to curbing urban warming remain unclear. Here we designed an novel statistical model with universal applicability to evaluate the cooling potential of UG (CPUG) and created the first CPUG map for China. By exploring the trends in observed and simulated urban surface temperatures (UST), we quantified the CPUG of 0.20 ± 2.02 K pver the past two decades, which slowed down the warming trend by 14.17% in Chinese cities. We found that the CPUG varied significantly between the urban core and sprawl areas. Specifically, the CPUG in the urban core was approximately 1.01 ± 1.53 K, and it contributed to curbing urban warming by 56.08%, which was more than 7.2 times higher than in the sprawl areas, where the CPUG was only 0.14 ± 1.95 K and contributed to curbing urban warming by 9.93%. We further revealed that urbanization and major ecological restoration projects are the key factors influencing CPUG, emphasizing the need for anthropogenic vegetation management to curb urban warming. The proposed model in this study provide a powerful tool for quantitatively assessing the impact of long-term UG trends on urban warming. The results of the study are an important reference for building climate-adaptive cities.
Association between salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load and acute and late symptoms of COVID-19 in non- hospitalized patients: A cohort study
Authors: Costa Denis Damião , Vaz Sara Nunes , Santana Daniele Souza , Santos Jean Nunes , Brites Carlos , Cury Patrícia Ramos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The clinical course of COVID-19 can be divided into two phases: acute and late.Aims This study evaluated the association between salivary SARS-CoV-2 load and acute and late symptoms of COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients.Methods This cohort study included 109 participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in a rapid antigen test (Ethics Committee, 4.434.828). Saliva samples were obtained and acute symptoms were recorded immediately after the diagnosis of COVID-19. Late symptoms were recorded 3 months later. The viral load was estimated based on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) cycle threshold (Ct). The chi-square and Student t test were used to assess the association between salivary viral load and symptoms (p ≤ 0.05).Results A lower salivary viral load was associated with diarrhea (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55–0.97, p = 0.04), anosmia (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.47–0.84, p = 0.002), and dysgeusia (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52–0.91, p = 0.01) in the acute phase of the infection. Regarding late symptoms, a lower viral load remained associated with anosmia (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51–0.90, p = 0.05) and dysgeusia (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.50–0.70, p = 0.03).Conclusion Lower viral load is a known marker of mild COVID-19. The association of lower viral load with anosmia and dysgeusia in the acute and late phases of the disease and with diarrhea in the acute phase suggests that these symptoms are predictive of mild COVID-19.
CFD Modeling and Simulation of a Hydrotreatment Reactor Countercurrent Using Jatropha Curcas L. Vegetable Oil
Authors: Morales Pablo Vizguerra , Nieto Fabian S. Mederos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, a drained bed reactor (TBR) was analyzed for the hydrotreatment process, using a commercial catalyst CoMo/\(\gamma\)-Al2O3, vegetable oil from Jatropha Curcas L. was used as raw material. The mode of operation of the reactor was considered in countercurrent. The operating conditions that were considered for the CFD simulation were temperature 320–380 ° C, pressure 8 MPag, LHSV 0.8–8.0 h− 1. The reactor model considers a single hydrocracking reaction of triglycerides to renewable fuels. The CFD simulation was carried out in Ansys Fluent 16.0 in transient state and in 3 dimensions, considering the turbulence model \(k- ϵ\) standard, Eulerian multiphase model for 3 phases and the porous medium model, obtaining results very similar to the experimental ones, a good approximation with the experimental results which can be applied to the industrial scale was shown.
Association between weight gain during 24 gestational weeks and pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective study in Chinese population
Authors: Wei Xiao-Wei , Qin Chuan-Mei , Cheng De-Cui , Zhou Dong-Mei , Zhan Shi-Tong , Jia Hao-Yi , Liu Xue-Qing , Lin Yi , Xu Xian-Ming , Ma Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground Although the association between inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been investigated in China, most studies use the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, which might not be suitable for Chinese women characteristics. Besides, studies exploring association between GWG in the second trimester and pregnancy outcomes are relatively few. Methods A total of 976 cases of live-birth singleton pregnancies at the Shanghai General Hospital were included in this retrospective observational study. Patients were classified into three groups including GWG during 24 gestational weeks (G24WG) within, below and above the Standard of Recommendation for Weight Gain during Pregnancy Period published by Maternal and Child Health Standards Professional Committee of National Health Commission (NHC), China PR in 2022 (2022 Chinese GWG guidelines), which specifies the recommended value of weight gain of natural singleton pregnancy in China. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of adverse pregnancy outcomes among three G24WG groups. Results Of the 976 women analyzed, 12.6% had G24WG below the 2022 Chinese GWG guidelines, while 37.2% had G24WG above the 2022 Chinese GWG guidelines. Women with G24WG below the 2022 Chinese GWG guidelines had a higher risk of Small for Gestational Age (SGA, Adjusted OR = 2.690, 95% CI: 1.334–5.427, P = 0.006) and a lower risk of Large for Gestational Age (LGA, Adjusted OR = 0.435, 95% CI: 0.228–0.829, P = 0.011) than women who had G24WG within the 2022 Chinese GWG guidelines. Conclusions G24WG is a strong predictor of newborn anthropometric outcomes and help doctors provide appropriate nutritional counseling for pregnant women in China.
Analyzing aberrant DNA methylation in Colorectal cancer uncovered intangible heterogeneity of gene effects in the survival time of patients
Authors: Khaniki Saeedeh Hajebi , Shokoohi Farhad , Esmaily Habibollah , Kerachian Mohammad Amin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) involves epigenetic alterations. Irregular gene-methylation alteration causes and advances CRC tumor growth. Detecting differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in CRC and patient survival time paves the way to early cancer detection and prognosis. However, CRC data including survival times are heterogeneous. Almost all studies tend to ignore the heterogeneity of DMG effects on survival. To this end, we utilized a sparse estimation method in the finite mixture of accelerated failure time (AFT) regression models to capture such heterogeneity. We analyzed a dataset of CRC and normal colon tissues and identified 3,406 DMGs. Analysis of overlapped DMGs with several Gene Expression Omnibus datasets led to 917 hypo- and 654 hyper-methylated DMGs. CRC pathways were revealed via gene ontology enrichment. Hub genes were selected based on Protein-Protein-Interaction network including SEMA7A, GATA4, LHX2, SOST, and CTLA4, regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. The relationship between identified DMGs/hub genes and patient survival time uncovered a two-component mixture of AFT regression model. The genes NMNAT2, ZFP42, NPAS2, MYLK3, NUDT13, KIRREL3, and FKBP6 and hub genes SOST, NFATC1, and TLE4 were associated with survival time in the most aggressive form of the disease that can serve as potential diagnostic targets for early CRC detection.
An Optimized Hierarchal Cluster Formation Approach for Smart Cities
Authors: Saleh Safa'a S. , Alansari Iman , Hamiaz Mounira K. , Ead Waleed , Tarabishi Rana , Khater Hatem 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A smart city uses Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance the management of many daily routine tasks such as traffic system, energy consumption, and waste collection. The Quality of Service (QoS) of these daily routine tasks are based on an assistive observation system. Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs) as the key component of IoT are used here to gather data into surveillance subsystems for supporting the decision making. To enhance the collected data management of surveillance subsystems, many clustering techniques are introduced. The low-power adaptive clustering protocol is a key technique of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, this protocol has deterring limitations, especially in the cluster formation step, which negatively affect many nodes. Considering this problem, the current research proposes an Opt-LEACH system that attempts to optimize the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy. The proposed system depends on the suitability of residual energy in nodes to cover the communication energy with CHs as a key factor when allocating the node clusters in the first competition. The remaining power and the density of CHs are employed to weight the accepted CHs and adjust the optimized size of clusters in the secondary competition. The impact factor of each candidate member node is applied in the third competition. The simulation results clarify the ability of Opt-LEACH to improve the cluster formation and to enhance communication within clusters. The advantages and efficiency of Opt-LEACH are observed via the increased number of surviving nodes, increased residual energy of nodes and higher network lifetime.
Essential Surgery Delivery in the Northern Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Malemo Luc Kalisya , Yap Ava , Mitume Boniface , Salmon Christian , Karafuli Kambale , Poenaru Dan , Onyango Rosebella 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Essential surgical services are a critical component of any functional healthcare system, though this capacity is not known in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Methods: Hospitals were assessed in the North Kivu province of the DRC. Hospital characteristics and surgical rates were determined using the WHO-PGSSC hospital assessment tool and operating room (OR) registries. Primary predictors were the number of trained surgeons, anaesthesiologists, and obstetricians (SAOs) and the number of perioperative providers (including clinical officers and nurse anaesthetists) per 100,000 people. The primary outcome of interest was the number of Bellwether operations (i.e. Caesarean sections, laparotomies, and external fixation for bone fractures) per 100,000 people. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were performed.
Results: Twenty-eight hospital facilities were assessed over the course of 2021; 24 (86%) were first-level referral health centres while 4 (14%) were second-level referral hospitals. In total, 11,176 Bellwether procedures were performed in the region. Rates per 100,000 people were 1,461 Bellwether surgical interventions, 1.05 SAOs, and 13.1 perioperative providers. In univariate analysis, each additional SAO added 239 additional cases annually (p=0.023), while each additional perioperative provider added 110 cases annually (p<0.001). After adjusting for other hospital services, the association between workforce and Bellwether surgeries was no longer significant (p=0.322).
Conclusions: Delivery of essential surgery is lower in the current DRC study compared to other African settings. Major investments are needed to alleviate pre-hospital barriers in basic healthcare facilities and increase surgical workforce training.
Possible core symbiosis-related genes in early life stages of Acropora tenuis inoculated with Symbiodinium microadriaticum
Authors: Chiu Yi-Ling , Uchida Taiga , Yamashita Hiroshi , Suzuki Go , Shinzato Chuya , Yoshioka Yuki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the ecological importance of mutualisms between reef-building corals and symbiotic algae (Family Symbiodiniaceae), various transcriptomic studies on coral-algal symbiosis have been performed; however, molecular mechanisms, especially essential genes in these symbioses remain unknown. We investigated transcriptomic responses of Acropora tenuis to inoculation with the native algal symbiont, Symbiodinium microadriaticum, during early life stages, and identified possible “core” symbiosis-related genes. Genes involved in immune suppression, defense against oxidative stress, and metabolic interactions between partners are particularly important for symbiosis during Acropora early life stages. In addition, molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that some core symbiosis-related genes originated by gene duplication in the Acropora lineage, suggesting that gene duplication may have been the driving force to establish stable mutualism in Acropora, and that symbiotic molecular mechanisms may vary depending on each coral lineage.