bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical evaluation of the Dnestrovskii functions occurring in weakly relativistic, magnetized, and thermal plasmas
Authors: Mamedov Bahtiyar A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we established an effective formula for Dnestrovskii functions based on the binomial expansion theorem which frequently appears in a weakly relativistic loss cone distribution, relativistic, magnetized, and thermal plasmas. The obtained formulas are expressed in terms of binomial coefficients and incomplete Gamma functions. Therefore, the proposed approach is a fully useful method to evaluate Dnestrovskii functions and related physical properties of plasmas. Calculation results of the Dnestrovskii functions are compared with other numerical and theoretical models and indicated acceptable agreement. The results of the calculations demonstrate that the derived formula is valid for a wide range of parameters.
Plasma insulin is required for the increase in plasma angiopoietin‐like protein 8 in response to nutrient ingestion
Authors: Abu‐Farha Mohamed , Alatrach Mariam , Abubaker Jehad , Al‐Khairi Irina , Cherian Preethi , Agyin Krisitn , Abdelgani Siham , Norton Luke , Adams John , Al‐Saeed Dalal , Al‐Ozairi Ebaa , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Al‐Mulla Fahd , Abdul‐Ghani Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlasma levels of angiopoietin‐like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) are regulated by feeding and they increase following glucose ingestion. Because both plasma glucose and insulin increase following food ingestion, we aimed to determine whether the increase in plasma insulin and glucose or both are responsible for the increase in ANGPTL8 levels.MethodsANGPTL8 levels were measured in 30 subjects, 14 with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 16 with normal fasting glucose (NFG); the subjects received 75g glucose oral Glucose tolerance test (OGTT), multistep euglycaemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and hyperglycaemic clamp with pancreatic clamp.ResultsSubjects with IFG had significantly higher ANGPTL8 than NGT subjects during the fasting state (p < 0.05). During the OGTT, plasma ANGPTL8 concentration increased by 62% above the fasting level (p < 0.0001), and the increase above fasting in ANGPTL8 levels was similar in NFG and IFG individuals. During the multistep insulin clamp, there was a dose‐dependent increase in plasma ANGPTL8 concentration. During the 2‐step hyperglycaemic clamp, the rise in plasma glucose concentration failed to cause any change in the plasma ANGPTL8 concentration from baseline.ConclusionsIn response to nutrient ingestion, ANGPTL8 level increased due to increased plasma insulin concentration, not to the rise in plasma glucose. The incremental increase above baseline in plasma ANGLPTL8 during OGTT was comparable between people with normal glucose tolerance and IFG.
The relative performance of geometric morphometrics and linear‐based methods in the taxonomic resolution of a mammalian species complex
Authors: Viacava Pietro , Blomberg Simone P. , Weisbecker Vera 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMorphology‐based taxonomic research frequently applies linear morphometrics (LMM) in skulls to quantify species distinctions. The choice of which measurements to collect generally relies on the expertise of the investigators or a set of standard measurements, but this practice may ignore less obvious or common discriminatory characteristics. In addition, taxonomic analyses often ignore the potential for subgroups of an otherwise cohesive population to differ in shape purely due to size differences (or allometry). Geometric morphometrics (GMM) is more complicated as an acquisition technique but can offer a more holistic characterization of shape and provides a rigorous toolkit for accounting for allometry. In this study, we used linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to assess the discriminatory performance of four published LMM protocols and a 3D GMM dataset for three clades of antechinus known to differ subtly in shape. We assessed discrimination of raw data (which are frequently used by taxonomists); data with isometry (i.e., overall size) removed; and data after allometric correction (i.e., with nonuniform effects of size removed). When we visualized the principal component analysis (PCA) plots, we found that group discrimination among raw data was high for LMM. However, LMM datasets may inflate PC variance accounted in the first two PCs, relative to GMM. GMM discriminated groups better after isometry and allometry were removed in both PCA and LDA. Although LMM can be a powerful tool to discriminate taxonomic groups, we show that there is substantial risk that this discrimination comes from variation in size, rather than shape. This suggests that taxonomic measurement protocols might benefit from GMM‐based pilot studies, because this offers the option of differentiating allometric and nonallometric shape differences between species, which can then inform on the development of the easier‐to‐apply LMM protocols.
Increased water temperature and turbidity act independently to alter social behavior in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Allibhai Imranah , Zanghi Costanza , How Martin J. , Ioannou Christos C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChanges in environmental conditions can shift the costs and benefits of aggregation or interfere with the sensory perception of near neighbors. This affects group cohesion with potential impacts on the benefits of collective behavior such as reduced predation risk. Organisms are rarely exposed to one stressor in isolation, yet there are only a few studies exploring the interactions between multiple stressors and their effects on social behavior. Here, we tested the effects of increased water temperature and turbidity on refuge use and three measures of aggregation in guppies (Poecilia reticulata), increasing temperature and turbidity in isolation or in combination. When stressors were elevated in isolation, the distribution of fish within the arena as measured by the index of dispersion became more aggregated at higher temperatures but less aggregated when turbidity was increased. Another measure of cohesion at the global scale, the mean inter‐individual distance, also indicated that fish were less aggregated in turbid water. This is likely due to turbidity acting as a visual constraint, as there was no evidence of a change in risk perception as refuge use was not affected by turbidity. Fish decreased refuge use and were closer to their nearest neighbor at higher temperatures. However, the nearest neighbor distance was not affected by turbidity, suggesting that local‐scale interactions can be robust to the moderate increase in turbidity used here (5 NTU) compared with other studies that show a decline in shoal cohesion at higher turbidity (>100 NTU). We did not observe any significant interaction terms between the two stressors, indicating no synergistic or antagonistic effects. Our study suggests that the effects of environmental stressors on social behavior may be unpredictable and dependent on the metric used to measure cohesion, highlighting the need for mechanistic studies to link behavior to the physiology and sensory effects of environmental stressors.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding from flowers reveals arthropod pollinators, plant pests, parasites, and potential predator–prey interactions while revealing more arthropod diversity than camera traps
Authors: Johnson Mark D. , Katz Aron D. , Davis Mark A. , Tetzlaff Sasha , Edlund David , Tomczyk Sonia , Molano‐Flores Brenda , Wilder Tim , Sperry Jinelle H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArthropods can strongly impact ecosystems through pollination, herbivory, predation, and parasitism. As such, characterizing arthropod biodiversity is vital to understanding ecosystem health, functions, and services. Emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) methods targeting trace arthropod eDNA left behind on flowers have the potential to track arthropod biodiversity and interactions. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which eDNA metabarcoding can identify plant‐arthropod and arthropod‐arthropod interactions and assess eDNA metabarcoding compared to conventional sampling. We deployed camera traps to document arthropod activity on specific flowers, sampled eDNA from those same flowers, then performed a metabarcoding analysis that targets a partial fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) to determine all arthropod eDNA present. We found that our eDNA metabarcoding analysis detected small arthropod pollinators, plant pests, and parasites, and shed light on potential predator–prey interactions while detecting 55 species compared to just 21 species from conventional camera trapping. The camera trapping survey, however, detected larger, more conspicuous nectarivores more successfully. We also explored the ecology of residual arthropod eDNA, finding that rainfall had a significant negative effect on the ability to detect residual arthropod eDNA. Preliminary evidence also indicates flower species may impact the amount of arthropod eDNA that can be detected. We found that eDNA metabarcoding can provide clues to potential predator–prey interactions on flowers and highlights the potential insights that can be gained from future eDNA metabarcoding studies. We show that eDNA metabarcoding is a valuable tool for not only detecting pollinator communities but for revealing potential interactions among plants, pollinators, pests, parasites, and predators. Future research should focus on how to improve the detection of large pollinators/nectivores and studying the ecology of residual arthropod eDNA to further explore this method's utility.
Predictive value of global longitudinal strain by left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Medvedofsky Diego , Arany‐Lao‐Kan Genevieve , McNitt Scott , Lang Roberto M. , Tung Roderick , Solomon Scott D. , Merkely Bela , Goldenberg Ilan , Kutyifa Valentina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe predictive value of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) to predict outcomes in different left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) cohorts is not well known. We aimed to assess the role of LV GLS predicting outcomes in HF patients by LVEF.MethodsIn the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT‐CRT), we studied 1077 patients (59%) with 2D speckle tracking data available, 437 patients with LVEF > 30% and 640 with LVEF ≤ 30%. Baseline LV GLS was stratified in tertiles in both LVEF subgroups. The primary endpoint was ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) or death; the secondary endpoint was heart failure (HF) or death.ResultsIn patients with LVEF ≤ 30%, a higher tertile GLS (T3, less contractility) was associated with a higher rate of VT/VF/death (P < 0.001), with similar association in patients with LVEF > 30% (P = 0.057). In patients with LVEF ≤ 30%, a higher tertile GLS was also associated with a higher rate of HF/death. In multivariable models, LV GLS predicted VT/VF or death in the LVEF ≤ 30% subgroup [T1 vs. T2/3 HR = 1.67 (1.16–2.38), P = 0.005], but not in those with LVEF > 30% [T1 vs. T2.3 HR = 1.32 (0.86–2.04), P = 0.21]. LV GLS predicted HF/death in the LVEF ≤ 30% subgroup [T1 vs T2/3 HR = 2.00 (1.30–3.13), P = 0.002], but not in in those with LVEF > 30%.ConclusionsIn this MADIT‐CRT sub‐study, LV GLS identified patients at higher risk of VT/VF, HF/death risk independently of conventional clinical parameters in patients with LVEF ≤ 30%, but not in patients with LVEF > 30%.
Clinical course of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy away from tertiary referral care
Authors: Garmany Ramin , Bos J. Martijn , Ommen Steve R. , Ackerman Michael J. , Geske Jeffrey B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsData on the clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are mainly derived from tertiary HCM centre studies, and knowledge of clinical outcomes of patients leaving specialty care and returning to local physicians is limited due to gaps between clinical encounters or complete loss of follow‐up. This survey aims to describe the clinical course of HCM in patients following their evaluation at a tertiary referral centre.Methods and resultsA comprehensive outcomes survey was developed and sent to 4495 eligible patients with HCM previously evaluated at Mayo Clinic. Questions assessed general well‐being, New York Heart Association class, procedures performed, and probable HCM‐triggered ventricular arrhythmic events (VAEs) since last visit. In total, 2058 patients (mean age 63 ± 15 years; 42% female) responded to the survey covering a total of 10 510 patient‐years with an average of 5.4 ± 6.4 years of follow‐up since their last on‐campus/virtual visit to Mayo Clinic. During their time away from specialty care, 20% of patients reported having cardiac‐related hospitalizations and 25% reported having cardiac‐related procedures. Similar to high‐risk referral cohorts, 5% of patients reported VAEs with an event rate of 0.98 events/100 patient‐years. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation, syncope, pre‐syncope, cardiac‐related hospitalizations, and VAEs during time away from specialty care increased significantly with increasing New York Heart Association class (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAcknowledging ascertainment bias, the clinical course of patients away from tertiary care may be more severe than previously anticipated. Among those with exertional symptoms, HCM‐related morbidity increased substantially. Higher risk HCM patients should remain in contact with HCM specialty care.
Let food be thy medicine. The interaction between ketogenic diet therapy and anti‐seizure medications: A systematic review
Authors: Armeno Marisa L. , Kossoff Eric H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKetogenic diet therapy (KDT) is a nonpharmacological treatment that has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing seizures in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. As the majority of patients on KDT are also receiving anti‐seizure medications (ASMs), questions about their combination often arise. KDT is typically implemented as an add‐on, and not a substitute for ASMs. Drug monitoring and specific laboratory studies may be helpful in specific cases of cotherapy. Valproate, topiramate, zonisamide, and lamotrigine may be potentially problematic with KDT, but the evidence for this is not conclusive. ASM reduction is usually attempted after 1 month of KDT if a child is showing seizure reduction (but weaning ASMs does not require seizure freedom). Failure to wean an ASM does not mean KDT has failed and adding a new ASM may be beneficial in those cases after several months of KDT fine‐tuning. The purpose of this review was to discuss the evidence for possible negative (or positive) pharmacodynamic interactions between KDT and ASMs. In addition, practical suggestions for the weaning or adding of ASMs in patients on KDT are provided.
Does Activated Carbon Used for Soil Remediation Impact Eisenia fetida?
Authors: Yates Rebecca E. , Arkles Mia E. , Harwood Amanda D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Because granular activated carbon can sequester organic pollutants, a potential strategy for reducing the bioavailability of organic contaminants in soil is through its application to the soil's surface. It is well understood that activated carbon is effective in the remediation of air, water, sediment, and soil, but less information is available on the potential toxicity of activated carbon to native wildlife following in situ remedial applications. Several studies have evaluated the effects of activated carbon on aquatic species; however, less is known about its toxicity to terrestrial species. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential lethal and sublethal effects of activated carbon on adult and juvenile Eisenia fetida, which are earthworms in the family Lumbricidae. The percentage of mortality, initial weight, and pre- and postdepuration weights of the worms were observed following exposure to a range of activated carbon concentrations, from 0.5% to 10% based on the soil's wet weight. These concentrations exceeded the 2%–4% activated carbon typically applied in the field. Activated carbon had no statistically significant effects on E. fetida survival; however, significant although inconsistent effects were observed on earthworm biomass. Although some statistical significance in biomass was observed, the biological significance of these effects is unclear. Overall, the concentrations of activated carbon applied in the field for soil remediation are unlikely to impact earthworm survival, although further testing, specifically on potential sublethal toxic effects, is required. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1420–1430. © 2023 SETAC
A positivity‐preserving Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin scheme with exact Riemann solver for gas‐water compressible flows
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Liu Na , Huang Chao , Zhang Pan , Liu Moubin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, a new cell‐centered Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme is presented to simulate gas‐water compressible flows. The two‐phase flows are governed by the compressible Euler equation with ideal and stiffened gas equations of state. We integrate the Lagrangian DG scheme with the exact gas‐water Riemann solver for calculating the numerical fluxes so that the inherent stiff features of gas‐water compressible flows are well addressed. Furthermore, in order to guarantee the positivity of the density and internal energy during the high Mach number calculation, the positivity‐preserving limiter and strong stability preserving temporal integral are incorporated to ensure the numerical stability. Six numerical examples are tested to show the accuracy, robustness and positivity‐preserving property of the present scheme. It can be found that the present scheme can handle challenging numerical cases involving large density ratio (up to 1000) and strong shock. The results obtained with the typical HLLC flux are also given for comparison and the present scheme with the exact Riemann solver shows higher accuracy, particularly in the presence of large density ratio at the gas‐water interface.
The effect of background liked music on acute pain perception and its neural correlates
Authors: Lu Xuejing , Hou Xin , Zhang Libo , Li Hong , Tu Yiheng , Shi Huqing , Hu Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMusic shows tremendous promise in pain relief, especially when considering its non‐pharmacological nature. However, our understanding of the precise mechanisms behind music‐induced analgesia (MIA) remains poor. The positive emotional state induced by music is one of the key components explaining MIA. To test this possibility and reveal its neural correlates, the present study applied nociceptive laser stimuli to 28 healthy participants when their liked or disliked songs were played as background music, or when they were resting in silence. Differences among conditions were quantified by self‐reports of pain intensity and unpleasantness, as well as brain activations in response to acute laser stimuli. As expected, liked music significantly lowered pain ratings to acute painful stimuli compared to disliked music and no music. Consistent with this observation, brain activations in response to acute painful stimuli were deceased within brain areas encoding sensory components of pain, such as the right precentral and postcentral gyri (PreCG/PoCG), brain areas related to affective components of pain, such as the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral putamen, and brain areas associated with motor control and avoidance reactions to pain, such as the left cerebellum, when liked music was played in the background in comparison to disliked music. Importantly, the relationship between music listening and differences in pain ratings of two music conditions was mediated by the magnitude of right PreCG/PoCG and left cerebellum activations. These findings deepened our understanding of the analgesic benefits of background liked music, a property relevant to clinical applications.
The effect of statin medication on the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma among betel‐nut chewers
Authors: Huang Chun‐Chi , Chen Wan‐Ming , Shia Ben‐Chang , Chen Mingchih , Wu Szu‐Yuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines the relationship between statin use and oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) risk in a cohort of 47 942 betel nut chewers.MethodsThe study used individual 1:1 matching and propensity score matching to compare statin users and nonusers.ResultsThe incidence rate of OCSCC was significantly lower in statin users compared to nonusers (17.12 vs. 26.75 per 10 000 person‐years), yielding an incidence rate ratio of 0.64. After adjusting for confounders, statin use was associated with a reduced risk of OCSCC (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.71). A dose–response relationship was observed, with a significant reduction in OCSCC incidence when the cumulative defined daily dose of statin use was equal to or greater than Q3. The risk of OCSCC was lower among users of both hydrophilic and lipophilic statins.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that statin use is associated with a reduced risk of OCSCC in betel nut chewers.
The role of stably stratified fluid and anisotropy porous medium in modeling fluid flow through an asymmetrically heated/cooled vertical annulus
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Musa Muhammad K. , Ajibade Abiodun O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, the natural convection of stratified fluid driven by the asymmetric heating and cooling of the surfaces of the concentric cylinders filled with an anisotropic porous matrix is investigated. The stratified fluid is confined between the outer surface of the inner cylinder and the inner surface of the outer cylinder while the onset transient natural convection is induced by the asymmetric heat heating/cooling of the inner surface of the outer cylinder while the outer surface of the inner cylinder is maintained at a constant temperature . The present problem is governed by a pair of coupled second‐order partial differential equations. To obtain the expressions for the temperature and velocity fields, the coupled mathematical equations describing the problem are systematically uncoupled such that their original orders remain unaltered. The research established that if the temperature of the outer surface of the inner cylinder equals the temperature of the inner surface of the outer cylinder, a symmetric flow occurs where two maxima velocities are observed close to the surfaces and of the annulus, respectively. Furthermore, for some constraints on certain values of some physical quantities in the flow solutions, the present work excellently compares with the research conducted by Jha and Oni.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Rod Yttrium Secondary Building Units
Authors: Zheng Zhiling , Rong Zichao , Iu‐Fan Chen Oscar , Yaghi Omar M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report a new hydroxamate‐based yttrium MOF, named MOF‐419 [Y(HCOO)(BDH)], with rod‐SBUs. The compound was synthesized employing chelating construction of benzene‐1,4‐hydroxamate (BDH2−) linkers, and the use of formic acid as the modulator was found to be crucial for the formation of rod‐shaped SBUs. MOF‐419 shows permanent porosity and has a BET surface area of 1130 m2/g. Its hydrophobic pore environment and gas sorption properties were demonstrated through the combination of single crystal X‐ray diffraction and nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water sorption experiments. We envision that these results will aid the study and understanding of rod MOFs with chelating linkages.