bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and outcomes of concomitant aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting in the UK and a survey of practices
Authors: Fudulu Daniel P , Layton Georgia R , Nguyen Bao , Sinha Shubhra , Dimagli Arnaldo , Guida Gustavo , Abbasciano Riccardo , Viviano Alessandro , Angelini Gianni D , Zakkar Mustafa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESConcomitant revascularization of coronary artery disease at the same time as treatment for aortic valvopathy favourably impacts survival. However, combined surgery may be associated with increased adverse outcomes compared to aortic valve replacement (AVR) or coronary artery bypass grafting in isolation.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent AVR with bypass grafting between February 1996 and March 2019 using data from the National Adult Cardiac Surgery Audit. We used a generalized mixed-effects model to assess the effect of the number and type of bypass grafts associated with surgical AVR on in-hospital mortality, postoperative stroke, and the need for renal dialysis. Furthermore, we conducted an international cross-sectional survey of cardiac surgeons to explore their views about concomitant AVR with coronary bypass grafting interventions.RESULTSFifty-one thousand two hundred and seventy-two patients were included in the study. Patients receiving 2 or more bypass grafts demonstrated more significant preoperative comorbidity and disease severity. Patients undergoing 2 and &gt;2 grafts in addition to AVR had increased mortality as compared to patients undergoing AVR and only 1 graft [odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.05–1.30], P = 0.005 and OR 1.15, 95% CI [1.02–1.30], P = 0.024 respectively]. A single arterial conduit was associated with a reduction in mortality (OR 0.75, 95% CI [0.68–0.82], P &lt; 0.001) and postoperative dialysis (OR 0.87, 95% CI [0.78–0.96], P = 0.006), but this association was lost with &gt;1 arterial conduit. One hundred and three surgeons responded to our survey, with only a small majority believing that the number of bypass grafts can influence short- or long-term postoperative outcomes in these patients, and an almost equal split in responders supporting the use of staged or hybrid interventions for patients with concomitant pathology.CONCLUSIONSThe number of grafts performed during combined AVR and coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The use of an arterial graft was also associated with reduced mortality. Future studies are needed to assess the effect of incomplete revascularization and measure long-term outcomes. Based on our data, current published evidence, and the collective expert opinion we gathered, we endorse future work to investigate the short and long-term efficacy and safety of hybrid intervention for patients with concomitant advanced coronary and aortic valve disease.
Predictors of hinge effect in patients with Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Roadman Daniel , Wang Vinson , Langbo William , Paddock David , Levine Laurence 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with Peyronie’s disease present with a variety of penile deformities. Those with hinge effect can experience bothersome buckling of the erection and instability during penetrative sex; however, the actual characteristics and clinical implications are not fully understood.

Aim
To determine the factors that cause hinge effect and to assess the role on surgical intervention.

Methods
This retrospective review included 1223 consecutive patients who were examined by a single surgeon and had a complete penile duplex evaluation with curvature and hinge assessment. Baseline demographics, penile duplex findings, and clinical outcomes were used to assess for predictors of hinge effect.

Outcomes
Analyses were performed to assess preoperative predictors of hinge effect and surgical intervention.

Results
Hinge effect was observed at the time of penile duplex Doppler examination in 33% of patients. Circumferential girth discrepancy at point of indentation (odds ratio [OR] 1.82; P &lt; .001), rigidity of erection (OR, 0.82; P = .002), and degree of primary curvature (OR, 1.03; P &lt; .001) predicted the presence of hinge effect. When controlling for rigidity, a girth discrepancy &gt;1 cm did appear to be associated with a hinge.

Clinical Implications
Circumferential girth discrepancy &gt;1 cm, regardless of erectile rigidity, can be associated with hinge effect.

Strengths and Limitations
As a strength, this study included the largest cohort of patients with Peyronie’s disease, all of whom were examined in a rigorous and uniform manner via the same operative counseling. However, the study is limited by its retrospective nature and potential for selection and observer bias, given that the treating physician was also assessing all penile deformities as well as performing operative intervention.

Conclusions
The presence of hinge effect can cause instability of erections during penetrative sex. Multiple factors may predispose patients to a hinge effect, including the quality of erection and severity of curvature. But when controlling for rigidity, a girth discrepancy &gt;1 cm did appear to be associated with a hinge. While many factors, such as baseline erectile dysfunction and severity of curvature, are important in determining the optimal surgical intervention, assessing for preoperative hinge effect also influenced the surgical approach.
Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Functional Characterization of the Ancestral Nef Protein of Primate Lentiviruses
Authors: Olabode Abayomi S , Mumby Mitchell J , Wild Tristan A , Muñoz-Baena Laura , Dikeakos Jimmy D , Poon Art F Y 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nef is an accessory protein unique to the primate HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV lentiviruses. During infection, Nef functions by interacting with multiple host proteins within infected cells to evade the immune response and enhance virion infectivity. Notably, Nef can counter immune regulators such as CD4 and MHC-I, as well as the SERINC5 restriction factor in infected cells. In this study, we generated a posterior sample of time-scaled phylogenies relating SIV and HIV Nef sequences, followed by reconstruction of ancestral sequences at the root and internal nodes of the sampled trees up to the HIV-1 Group M ancestor. Upon expression of the ancestral primate lentivirus Nef protein within CD4+ HeLa cells, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the primate lentivirus Nef ancestor robustly downregulated cell-surface SERINC5, yet only partially downregulated CD4 from the cell surface. Further analysis revealed that the Nef-mediated CD4 downregulation ability evolved gradually, while Nef-mediated SERINC5 downregulation was recovered abruptly in the HIV-1/M ancestor. Overall, this study provides a framework to reconstruct ancestral viral proteins and enable the functional characterization of these proteins to delineate how functions could have changed throughout evolutionary history.
Ncs2* mediates in vivo virulence of pathogenic yeast through sulphur modification of cytoplasmic transfer RNA
Authors: Alings Fiona , Scharmann Karin , Eggers Cristian , Böttcher Bettina , Sokołowski Mikołaj , Shvetsova Ekaterina , Sharma Puneet , Roth Joël , Rashiti Leon , Glatt Sebastian , Brunke Sascha , Leidel Sebastian A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fungal pathogens threaten ecosystems and human health. Understanding the molecular basis of their virulence is key to develop new treatment strategies. Here, we characterize NCS2*, a point mutation identified in a clinical baker's yeast isolate. Ncs2 is essential for 2-thiolation of tRNA and the NCS2* mutation leads to increased thiolation at body temperature. NCS2* yeast exhibits enhanced fitness when grown at elevated temperatures or when exposed to oxidative stress, inhibition of nutrient signalling, and cell-wall stress. Importantly, Ncs2* alters the interaction and stability of the thiolase complex likely mediated by nucleotide binding. The absence of 2-thiolation abrogates the in vivo virulence of pathogenic baker's yeast in infected mice. Finally, hypomodification triggers changes in colony morphology and hyphae formation in the common commensal pathogen Candida albicans resulting in decreased virulence in a human cell culture model. These findings demonstrate that 2-thiolation of tRNA acts as a key mediator of fungal virulence and reveal new mechanistic insights into the function of the highly conserved tRNA-thiolase complex.
W. E. B. Du Bois and Rural Sociology
Authors: Bailey Conner , Zimmerman Julie N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Among W. E. B. Du Bois’s many intellectual contributions were his studies of rural Black Americans and the social milieu in which they lived one generation removed from enslavement. These studies, conducted at the end of the nineteenth century and during early years of the twentieth, were groundbreaking theoretically and methodologically, beginning with detailed rural community studies that provided the basis for broader work on race and the class distinctions that quickly emerged among Black farmers and artisans. The focus here is on Du Bois’s work as a rural scholar and his connections with the emergence of rural sociology as a discipline over the first decades of the twentieth century through interactions rural sociologists had with Du Bois and other Black sociologists. Two central insights from Du Bois’s work have continuing relevance to rural sociologists: the centrality of race and the importance of a moral purpose guiding scholarly pursuits.
Songs, Rites, and Identity in the Religious Folklore of Latvia and Lithuania
Authors: Strmiska Michael , Ozoliņš Gatis , Rudling Odeta , Ūdre Digne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the enduring presence of pre-Christian, Pagan religious elements in Baltic folklore—the related but distinct folk traditions of Lithuania and Latvia—and the purposes these remnants of Baltic Paganism serve as expressions of ethnic and/or national identity. Particular attention is paid to a genre of folk songs known as dainasin Latvia and dainos in Lithuania, solstice celebrations, ancestral rites, and folk symbols. The Indo-European background of Baltic languages and mythology is also discussed along with the utilization of Pagan gods, symbols, and traditions in national independence movements and their continuing resonance in post-Soviet Baltic society and culture.
Israel in Deuteronomy
Authors: Crouch C. L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The book of Deuteronomy is engaged in an intensive project of Israelite identity formation, provoked initially by an increased exposure to alternative cultural matrices in the southern Levant in the long seventh century bce and then reinforced by the global scope of Israelite experience in the wake of the destruction of the kingdom of Judah in the early sixth century. Although the construction of a distinctively Israelite religious and cultural identity is not the book’s sole concern, it accounts for a number of the book’s preoccupations and constitutes one of its most significant contributions to the theology of the Hebrew Bible and associated religious traditions. This chapter discusses some of the most important features of Israelite identity developed in Deuteronomy’s legislative and exhortatory core, including the distinctively Israelite cultural characteristics of exclusive Yahwism, centralized worship, and a shared mythology of Israel’s origins in an exodus from Egypt, as well as examining ways in which this Deuteronomic material seeks to protect the distinctive Israelite identity it constructs. A final section discusses some of the ways that this construction of Israelite identity was adjusted in response to Israel’s deportation, displacement, and long-term diaspora.
Ancient Ireland
Authors: Parsons Geraldine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The places and times to which Cuchulain and Oisin alike belonged were conceptualized by William Butler Yeats as ‘ancient Ireland’. This chapter seeks to illuminate some sources underpinning Yeats’s long and fruitful engagement with—as he saw it—the literary output of Ireland’s ancient past, born of his desire to forge a national, anglophone literature for Ireland. It shows how Yeats’s ancient Ireland was built on foundations laid in the 1880s and 1890s, using materials from the 1850s and 1860s, and how those foundations were broader than is sometimes acknowledged. It argues that Yeats made greater use of the work of Eugene O’Curry than has hitherto been acknowledged.
Yeats in the Media
Authors: Morin Emilie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Yeats’s world was always the world of mass media, and his work was widely reproduced from early on, via official as well as unofficial channels: he was the solemn poet published by Macmillan and one of the dramatists of the American Little Leather Library; his poetry was presented to the readers of The New York Times, the New Statesman, and a wide range of newspapers and magazines of different political persuasions; he was a prolific journalist and reviewer, his opinions on literature appearing across the political spectrum, from The Irish Homestead to The Manchester Playgoer through to Harper’s Weekly; he was also an easily irritated Irish citizen who enjoyed crafting letters to the editor of The Irish Times, and a poet courted by the BBC, who transformed his lifelong reflection on the performance of poetry into a broadcasting success. His engagement with modern media was a large-scale rhetorical experiment: he transferred his experience from one medium to another, taking his experience as poetry anthologist, public reader and jack-of-all-trades journalist into the radio studio, a poet who was transformed into a gifted and prominent mass communicator.
‘Knights of the Air’
Authors: Brearton Fran 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This essay explores Yeats’s relationship to the growing ‘air-mindedness’ of Ireland and the increasing prevalence of flight in the aftermath of the First World War. It investigates Gogarty’s improbable claim to have taken Yeats up in a plane in the 1920s, in the context of Ireland’s increasing emphasis on the perceived political, economic and physical benefits of flight. The essay traces Yeats’s Romantic inheritance, notably the Romantic conception of aerial vision and ascent, and his resistance to the ‘machine age’, as it informs his own aesthetics of ascent in the early decades of the 20th century. As one of the earliest authors of a ‘flight’ poem, ‘An Irish Airman Foresees His Death’ (1918), written without experience of flying, Yeats’s influence on the aviation poetry that became more prevalent after World War I is also delineated, alongside the extent to which he captured in his work some of the essence of how the ‘Knights of the Air’ were perceived.
Developing and Implementing a Father-Friendly Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Improved Nurses' Self-Efficacy
Authors: Noergaard Betty , Kofoed Poul-Erik 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The need for paternal support is rarely addressed in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Neonatal nurses often primarily focus on the needs of the mother and infant and may not be trained in support of fathers.

Purpose:
To investigate nurses' self-efficacy (SE) in guiding and supporting fathers after implementing a father-friendly NICU.

Methods:
Nurses from the intervention NICU and 13 control NICUs were included in a before-and-after intervention study. Questionnaires measuring nurses' SE regarding support of fathers and mothers were obtained when starting the development process, before and 18 months after the implementation. The primary outcome was the difference between nurses' SE scores for father and mother questions in the intervention group compared with the control group.

Results:
In total, 294, 330, and 288 nurses responded to the first, second, and third questionnaires, respectively. From the first to third questionnaires, the intervention group showed a significantly higher increase in SE scores for father questions compared with the control group (0.53 vs 0.20, P = .005) and a nonsignificantly higher increase for mother questions (0.30 vs 0.09, P = .13). In the third questionnaire, the intervention group showed a higher SE score for father questions compared with the control group (9.02 vs 8.45, P = .002) and the first questionnaire (9.02 vs 8.49, P = .02).

Implications for Practice and Research:
By implementing a father-friendly NICU, nurses' SE for providing support to fathers increased significantly. Training in a father-friendly approach increases nurses' ability to support both parents.
Single-molecule tracking reveals dual front door/back door inhibition of Cel7A cellulase by its product cellobiose
Authors: Nong Daguan , Haviland Zachary K. , Zexer Nerya , Pfaff Sarah J. , Cosgrove Daniel J. , Tien Ming , Anderson Charles T. , Hancock William O. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDegrading cellulose is a key step in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. Cellobiose, the disaccharide product of cellulose degradation, has been shown to inhibit cellulase activity, but the mechanisms underlying product inhibition are not clear. We combined single-molecule imaging and biochemical investigations with the goal of revealing the mechanism by which cellobiose inhibits the activity ofTrichoderma reeseiCel7A, a well-characterized exo-cellulase. We find that cellobiose slows the processive velocity of Cel7A and shortens the distance moved per encounter; effects that can be explained by cellobiose binding to the product release site of the enzyme. Cellobiose also decreases the binding rate of Cel7A to immobilized cellulose but does not slow the binding rate of an isolated carbohydrate-binding module, suggesting that cellobiose inhibits binding of the catalytic domain of Cel7A to cellulose. In support of this, cellopentaose, which is considerably larger than cellobiose, also slows the binding rate of Cel7A to cellulose without affecting the velocity and run length. Together, these results suggest that cellobiose inhibits Cel7A activity both by binding to the ‘back door’ product release site to slow activity and to the ‘front door’ substrate binding tunnel to inhibit interaction with cellulose. These findings point to new strategies for engineering cellulases to reduce product inhibition and enhance cellulose degradation, supporting the growth of a sustainable bioeconomy.SignificanceCellulose, a polymer of repeating glucose subunits, is the primary component of plant cell walls. A promising route to reducing petrochemical use is digesting plant biomass to glucose and fermenting glucose to bioethanol. Cel7A is a model cellulase enzyme that degrades cellulose from one end to generate the disaccharide product, cellobiose. Because industrial-scale bioethanol generation generates high concentrations of cellobiose, product inhibition is a significant concern. We investigated product inhibition of Cel7A by cellobiose at the single-molecule level and found that cellobiose both slows the movement of Cel7 along cellulose and inhibits the initial binding of Cel7 to cellulose. These results suggest that cellobiose binds to the enzyme at more than one site and achieves its inhibition by multiple mechanisms.
EasyEyes — Accurate fixation for online vision testing of crowding and beyond
Authors: Kurzawski Jan W. , Pombo Maria , Burchell Augustin , Hanning Nina M. , Liao Simon , Majaj Najib J. , Pelli Denis G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOnline methods allow testing of larger, more diverse populations, with much less effort than in-lab testing. However, many psychophysical measurements, including visual crowding, require accurate eye fixation, which is classically achieved by testing only experienced observers who have learned to fixate reliably, or by using a gaze tracker to restrict testing to moments when fixation is accurate. Alas, both approaches are impractical online since online observers tend to be inexperienced, and online gaze tracking, using the built-in webcam, has a low precision (±4 deg, Papoutsaki et al., 2016). The EasyEyes open-source software reliably measures peripheral thresholds online with accurate fixation achieved in a novel way, without gaze tracking. EasyEyes tells observers to use the cursor to track a moving crosshair. At a random time during successful tracking, a brief target is presented in the periphery. The observer responds by identifying the target. To evaluate EasyEyes fixation accuracy and thresholds, we tested 12 naive observers in three ways in a counterbalanced order: first, in the lab, using gaze-contingent stimulus presentation (Kurzawski et al., 2023; Pelli et al., 2016); second, in the lab, using EasyEyes while independently monitoring gaze; third, online at home, using EasyEyes. We find that crowding thresholds are consistent (no significant differences in mean and variance of thresholds across ways) and individual differences are conserved. The small root mean square (RMS) fixation error (0.6 deg) during target presentation eliminates the need for gaze tracking. Thus, EasyEyes enables fixation-dependent measurements online, for easy testing of larger and more diverse populations.
Assimilation efficiencies and elimination rates of silver, cadmium and zinc accumulated by trophic pathway inGammarus fossarum
Authors: Gestin Ophélia , Lopes Christelle , Delorme Nicolas , Garnero Laura , Geffard Olivier , Lacoue-Labarthe Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo improve the assessment of metal toxicity in aquatic organisms, it is important to consider the different uptake pathways (i.e. trophic or aqueous). The bioaccumulation of dissolved metals such as Cd and Zn in gammarids is beginning to be well described. However, there are very few data on the contribution of the dietary pathway, and its associated toxicokinetic parameters. Among these, the assimilation efficiency (AE) is an essential parameter for the implementation of models that take the trophic pathway into account. This study aims to estimate the assimilation efficiencies and elimination rates of two types of food, i.e. alder leaves and chironomid larvae, contaminated with three metals (Ag, Cd and Zn) of major concern for the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The pulse-chase-feeding method was used. Gammarids were fed with alder leaves or chironomid larvae previously contaminated with110mAg,109Cd or65Zn, for a short period of time (1 to 5 hours), followed by an elimination phase of 14 days. At different time points, the gammarids were placed alive on the gamma detector to individually quantify whole body concentrations of110mAg,109Cd or65Zn. Our results indicate that: i) Cd has the highest assimilation efficiency (39% for leaves and 19% for larvae), followed by Zn (15% for leaves and 9% for larvae) and Ag (5% for leaves); ii) for Cd and Zn, the AE were higher when gammarids were fed with leaves than with larvae; iii) the elimination rates of metals seem to depend more on the food matrix than on the metal assimilated; and thus iv) the biological half-life calculated from the kesis 5.1 days for Ag, between 4.9 and 13 days for Cd and between 3.8 and 13 days for Zn.