bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Frailty, Genetic Predisposition, and Incident Parkinson Disease
Authors: Zheng Zekun , Lv Yanling , Rong Shuang , Sun Taoping , Chen Liangkai 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceCross-sectional evidence implicates high prevalent frailty in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), whereas the longitudinal association remains unknown.ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal association of the frailty phenotype with the development of PD and to explore the modification role of genetic risk of PD in such an association.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study launched in 2006 to 2010 with a follow-up of 12 years. Data were analyzed from March 2022 to December 2022. The UK Biobank recruited over 500 000 middle-aged and older adults from 22 assessment centers across the United Kingdom. Participants who were younger than 40 years (n = 101), diagnosed with dementia or PD at baseline, and developed dementia, PD, or died within 2 years from baseline were excluded (n = 4050). Participants who had no genetic data or mismatch between genetic sex and reported gender (n = 15 350), were not of self-reported British White descent (n = 27 850), and had no data for frailty assessment (n = 100 450) or any covariates were also excluded (n = 39 706). The final analysis included 314 998 participants.ExposuresThe physical frailty was assessed by the Fried criteria’s frailty phenotype through 5 domains, ie, weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow walking speed, and low grip strength. The polygenic risk score (PRS) for PD comprised 44 single-nucleotide variants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNew-onset PD was identified through the hospital admission electronic health records and death register.ResultsAmong 314 998 participants (mean age, 56.1 years; 49.1% male), 1916 new-onset PD cases were documented. Compared with nonfrailty, the hazard ratio (HR) of incident PD in prefrailty and frailty was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.39) and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.53-2.28), respectively, and the absolute rate difference per 100 000 person-years was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.3) for prefrailty and 5.1 (95% CI, 2.9-7.3) for frailty. Exhaustion (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.62), slow gait speed (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.13-1.54), low grip strength (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.43), and low physical activity (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.25) were associated with incident PD. A significant interaction between frailty and PRS on PD was found and the highest hazard was observed in participants with frailty and high genetic risk.Conclusions and RelevancePhysical prefrailty and frailty were associated with incident PD independent of sociodemographic factors, lifestyles, multiple morbidities, and genetic background. These findings may have implications for the assessment and management of frailty for PD prevention.
Passivating Perovskites in Air Via an Alternating Cation Interlayer Phase Formed by Benzylamine Vapor Fumigation
Authors: Qian Yicheng , Li Jinzhao , Cao Huanqi , Ren Zhixin , Dai Xiaodong , Huang Tingting , Zhang Shifu , Qiu Yuan , Yang Liying , Yin Shougen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract2D perovskites are widely employed to improve efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but the processes are rarely accomplished in air due to the difficulty of controlling the formation processes. An ultra‐thin 2D capping layer with an alternating cation interlayer (ACI) structure is in situ formed by fumigating 3D perovskites with benzylamine vapor. The whole process is finished in air within 10 s regardless of the humidity, after which both defects and tensile strain are reduced and the interfacial energy band gets benignly aligned to a type‐I heterojunction, avoiding direct charge recombination at the interface. Theoretical analysis reveals that the ACI phase is thermodynamically more stable than an analogous Ruddlesden–Popper phase. The strategy can passivate various perovskites, including methylammonium (or multi‐cation) lead (or lead/tin mixed) halide perovskites, prepared via either vapor or solution approaches, increasing the absolute power conversion efficiency by up to 2.5%. It can uniformly passivate PSCs without area limitation, and provide a repeatable methodology for passivating perovskites.
A Hetero‐Layered, Mechanically Reinforced, Ultra‐Lightweight Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Wide‐Temperature‐Range, Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Zhang Min , Zhou Kefan , Wang Helin , Shao Ahu , Hou Liuyan , Wang Zhiqiao , Tang Xiaoyu , Bai Miao , Li Shaowen , Ma Yue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe practical use of polyethylene oxide polymer electrolyte in the solid‐state sodium metallic batteries (SSMBs) suffers from the retard Na+ diffusion at the room temperature, mechanical fragility as well as the oxidation tendency at high voltages. Herein, a hetero‐layered composite polymeric electrolyte (CPE) is proposed to enable the simultaneous interfacial stability with the high voltage cathodes (till 4.2 V) and Na metallic anode. Being incorporated within the polymer matrix, the sand‐milled Na3Zr2Si2PO12 nanofillers and nanocellulose scaffold collectively endow the thin‐layer (25 µm), ultralightweight (1.65 mg cm−2) CPE formation with an order of magnitude enhancement of the mechanical strength (13.84 MPa) and ionic conductivity (1.62 × 10−4 S cm−1) as compared to the pristine polymer electrolyte, more importantly, the improved dimension stability up to 180 °C. Upon the integration of the hetero‐layered CPE with the iron hexacyanoferrate FeHCF cathode (1 mAh cm−2) and the Na foil, the cell model can achieve the room‐temperature cycling stability (93.73% capacity retention for 200 cycles) as well as the high temperature tolerance till 80 °C, which inspires a quantum leap toward the surface‐wetting‐agent‐free, energy‐dense, wide‐temperature‐range SSMB prototyping.
Disrupting Intracellular Iron Homeostasis by Engineered Metal‐Organic Framework for Nanocatalytic Tumor Therapy in Synergy with Autophagy Amplification‐Promoted Ferroptosis
Authors: Du Jiahao , Zhou Mengting , Chen Qian , Tao Yichao , Ren Jun , Zhang Yang , Qin Huanlong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring good biocompatibility and tunable microstructures are developed to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for nanocatalytic therapy. However, the relatively low catalytic activity of MOF and intracellular ion homeostasis, a self‐protective mechanism to resist the intracellular accumulation of metal ions, results in the undesirable efficacy of tumor therapy. Herein, a therapeutic strategy is introduced of breaking intracellular iron homeostasis for nanocatalytic therapy in synergy with autophagy amplification‐promoted ferroptosis, based on etched MOF nanocatalyst (denoted COS@MOF), which is self‐etched by thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and further modified with autophagy agonist chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). Such self‐etched MOF exhibit an open cavity structure that is more conducive to adsorbing reactive molecules and producing more active sites, and an enhanced Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio, reinforcing catalytic activity for ROS generation. The catalytic process of COS@MOF can be accelerated by overexpressed endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) within colorectal tumors which reduces Fe3+ into more active Fe2+. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that COS@MOF amplifies autophagy to break iron homeostasis for facilitating ROS production to promote ferroptosis, achieving synergetic nanocatalytic/ferroptosis tumor therapy. This study provides a promising paradigm to elevate MOF‐based catalytic performance in synergy with autophagy amplification‐promoted ferroptosis for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
Thermodynamically Stable Dual‐Modified LiF&FeF3 layer Empowering Ni‐Rich Cathodes with Superior Cyclabilities
Authors: Chu Youqi , Mu Yongbiao , Zou Lingfeng , Hu Yan , Cheng Jie , Wu Buke , Han Meisheng , Xi Shibo , Zhang Qing , Zeng Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPushing the limit of cutoff potentials allows nickel‐rich layered oxides to provide greater energy density and specific capacity whereas reducing thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Herein, a one‐step dual‐modified method is proposed for in situ synthesizing thermodynamically stable LiF&FeF3 coating on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 surfaces by capturing lithium impurity on the surface to overcome the challenges suffered. The thermodynamically stabilized LiF&FeF3 coating can effectively suppress the nanoscale structural degradation and the intergranular cracks. Meanwhile, the LiF&FeF3 coating alleviates the outward migration of Oα− (α<2), increases oxygen vacancy formation energies, and accelerates interfacial Li+ diffusion. Benefited from these, the electrochemical performance of LiF&FeF3 modified materials is improved (83.1% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1C), even under exertive operational conditions of elevated temperature (91.3% capacity retention after 150 cycles at 1C). This work demonstrates that the dual‐modified strategy can simultaneously address the problems of interfacial instability and bulk structural degradation and represents significant progress in developing high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).
A Hierarchical Structured Fiber Device Remodeling the Acidic Tumor Microenvironment for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yan , Yuan Ruiting , Luo Yang , Guo Xing , Yang Guang , Li Xilin , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe acidic microenvironment of tumors significantly reduces the anti‐tumor effect of immunotherapy. Herein, a hierarchically structured fiber device is developed as a local drug delivery system for remodeling the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) to improve the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy. Proton pump inhibitors in the fiber matrix can be sustainedly released to inhibit the efflux of intracellular H+ from tumor cells, resulting in the remodeling of the acidic TME. The targeted micelles and M1 macrophage membrane‐coated nanoparticles in internal cavities of fiber can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and phenotypic transformation of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), respectively. The relief of the acidity in the TME further promotes ICD and the polarization of TAMs, alleviating the immunosuppressive microenvironment and synergistically enhancing the antitumor immune response. In vivo results reveal this local drug delivery system restores the pH value of TME from 6.8 to 7.2 and exhibit an excellent immunotherapeutic effect.
Light‐Induced Bipolar Photoresponse with Amplified Photocurrents in an Electrolyte‐Assisted Bipolar p–n Junction
Authors: Fang Shi , Li Liuan , Wang Weiyi , Chen Wei , Wang Danhao , Kang Yang , Liu Xin , Jia Hongfeng , Luo Yuanmin , Yu Huabin , Memon Muhammad Hunain , Hu Wei , Ooi Boon S. , He Jr‐Hau , Sun Haiding 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe p–n junction with bipolar characteristics sets the fundamental unit to build electronics while its unique rectification behavior constrains the degree of carrier tunability for expanded functionalities. Herein, a bipolar‐junction photoelectrode employed with a gallium nitride (GaN) p–n homojunction nanowire array that operates in electrolyte is reported, demonstrating bipolar photoresponse controlled by different wavelengths of light. Significantly, with rational decoration of a ruthenium oxides (RuOx) layer on nanowires guided by theoretical modeling, the resulting RuOx/p–n GaN photoelectrode exhibits unambiguously boosted bipolar photoresponse by an enhancement of 775% and 3000% for positive and negative photocurrents, respectively, compared to the pristine nanowires. The loading of the RuOxlayer on nanowire surface optimizes surface band bending, which facilitates charge transfer across the GaN/electrolyte interface, meanwhile promoting the efficiency of redox reaction for both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction which corresponds to the negative and positive photocurrents, respectively. Finally, a dual‐channel optical communication system incorporated with such photoelectrode is constructed with using only one photoelectrode to decode dual‐band signals with encrypted property. The proposed bipolar device architecture presents a viable route to manipulate the carrier dynamics for the development of a plethora of multifunctional optoelectronic devices for future sensing, communication, and imaging systems.
Degradation of Methylene Blue by Hot Electrons Transfer in SnSe
Authors: Fan Li , Su Xin , Zhu Hongliang , Liu Hao , Lou Shuai , Shi Yi , Yan Shancheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe thermoelectric effect allows for the direct generation of potential gradients from the temperature gradient of the material, and this spontaneous formation of cathodes and anodes can greatly facilitate chemical reactions. Here, the thermoelectric conversion process of SnSe, which has proven to be the best thermoelectric material, and its catalytic effect in the degradation of methylene blue are studied. With excellent thermoelectric properties but no heavy metals contained, it is revealed that SnSe serves as a thermal catalyst for organic degradation. By manifestation of the UV absorption, the degradation efficiency of methylene blue is greatly enhanced with the help of SnSe as a catalyst, especially at high temperatures. By thermoelectric test and theoretical analysis, it is further demonstrated that the non‐equilibrium carriers of SnSe at high temperatures create a built‐in electric field along the temperature gradient, thereby contributing to electron transport during the degradation of methylene blue. These results show that SnSe has an outstanding degradation effect on methylene blue, providing a new pathway for the degradation of water pollution.
Current Status and Future Prospects of Hydrogen Sulfide Donor‐Based Delivery Systems
Authors: Lu Huangjie , Chen Yuying , Hu Ping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNowadays, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is regarded as an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule in mammals. As a gas transmitter, it induces important biological effects in many physiological and pathological processes, and possesses great therapeutic potentials. However, this bioactive gas has concentration‐related toxicity, rapid evaporation, and high reactivity, making it inconvenient to use as a therapeutic agent. As an exogenous source of H2S, various H2S donors are developed to release H2S after triggering the response under specific conditions, so as to supplement the level of H2S in the body. Meanwhile, to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the possible toxicities of the H2S donors, various new materials or methods for H2S delivery are studied, realizing sustained/controlled release profiles as well as achieving triggered, long‐term, local or targeted delivery approaches for the gas. This review summarizes the representative H2S donors and the latest progress of hydrogen sulfide donor‐based delivery systems, and the applications of such delivery systems in a series of target diseases that are suitable and expected to be treated by H2S, in order to provide reference for the design of secure and efficient H2S donor drug delivery system. In addition, the future of this field is also prospected.
Variation in Early Anakinra Use and Short‐Term Outcomes in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Chang Joyce C. , Young Cameron C. , Muscal Eyal , Sexson Tejtel Sara K. , Newhams Margaret M. , Kucukak Suden , Crandall Hillary , Maddux Aline B. , Rowan Courtney M. , Halasa Natasha B. , Harvey Helen A. , Hobbs Charlotte V. , Hall Mark W. , Kong Michele , Aguiar Cassyanne L. , Schuster Jennifer E. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Singh Aalok R. , Wellnitz Kari , Nofziger Ryan A. , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , Mack Elizabeth H. , Schwarz Adam J. , Heidemann Sabrina M. , Newburger Jane W. , Zambrano Laura D. , Campbell Angela P. , Patel Manish M. , Randolph Adrienne G. , Son Mary Beth F. ,   the Overcoming COVID‐19 Investigators
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveEvidence regarding effectiveness of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonism in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) is lacking. We characterized variation in initial treatment with anakinra and evaluated cardiovascular outcomes associated with adding anakinra to standard initial therapy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of MIS‐C cases in a US surveillance registry from November 2020 to December 2021. Day 0 was the first calendar day of immunomodulatory treatment. Factors associated with initial anakinra use (days 0–1) were identified. We compared cases in patients ages 2–20 years receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoids versus anakinra plus IVIG and/or glucocorticoids on days 0–1, using inverse probability weighting to balance disease severity. Primary outcomes were vasopressor requirement on day 3 and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction on days 3–4. The secondary outcome was 50% reduction in C‐reactive protein on day 3.ResultsAmong 1,516 MIS‐C cases at 44 sites, 193 (13%) patients received anakinra alone or with other immunomodulators as initial treatment (range 0–74% by site). Site accounted for 59% of residual variance in anakinra use. After balancing disease severity, initial treatment with anakinra plus IVIG and/or glucocorticoids (n = 121) versus IVIG plus glucocorticoids (n = 389) was not associated with significant differences in vasopressor requirement (25.6% versus 20.1%, respectively; risk ratio [RR] 1.27 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.88–1.84]), ventricular dysfunction (33.7% versus 25.7%, respectively; RR 1.31 [95% CI 0.98–1.75]), or C‐reactive protein reduction.ConclusionWe identified substantial variation in initial anakinra use in a real‐world population of children with MIS‐C, but no average short‐term improvement in cardiovascular outcomes associated with early addition of anakinra to IVIG and/or glucocorticoids compared to IVIG and glucocorticoids alone.
Barriers to domestic violence education in Northern Ireland: Pupils' views and experiences
Authors: Maguire Stephanie , Pentaraki Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDomestic violence (DV) in adult and young people's intimate partner relationships is a social and public health problem across the globe. Education can play an important and unique role in addressing DV; however, it remains relatively under‐investigated. The aim of this qualitative study set in Northern Ireland, the first of its kind, was to explore young people's views and experiences of DV education. Focus groups were conducted with 188 pupils (97 males and 91 females) aged 16 to 18 attending post‐primary school. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and reveal five barriers to DV education: (1) absence of DV teaching and learning; (2) DV is a taboo topic; (3) lack of teacher training and expertise on DV; (4) religious influence; (5) prioritisation of academic achievement over pupil wellbeing. The results demonstrate that changes are needed in schools to improve the role of schools in addressing DV. From this qualitative study, we make recommendations for how school‐based DV education may help prevent and protect young people against intimate partner violence.
Validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the self‐evaluation of negative symptoms
Authors: Chen Guangdong , Chen Jiayue , Tian Hongjun , Lin Chongguang , Zhu Jingjing , Ping Jing , Chen Langlang , Zhuo Chuanjun , Jiang Deguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe negative symptoms of schizophrenia can be present at any clinical stage, but evaluating the negative symptoms always remains challenging. To screen the negative symptoms effectively, self‐evaluation should be introduced. To date, professional psychiatrists used almost all of the scales available to screen the negative symptoms but could not obtain an accurate outcome. At the same time, an advanced self‐assessment scale is needed to accompany the patients’ self‐feeling‐based treatment strategies to understand their feelings about their symptoms. Hence, Chinese self‐evaluation of negative symptoms (SNS) should be introduced in China. This study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of SNS. Two hundred patients with schizophrenia were included in this study and were evaluated entirely with the self‐assessed negative symptoms by the Chinese version. The correlation analysis was performed between SNS and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) to assess the criterion validity of SNS for screening negative symptoms. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the constructive validity of the SNS. Two senior professional psychiatrists were involved in this assessment based on their clinical experience and capability to define the severity of the negative symptoms. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the cutoff point of SNS. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient were used to determine the reliability of SNS. We have the following findings: The Chinese version of SNS demonstrated a significant correlation with the SANS (r = .774, p < .05). Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the factor loading varies from .442 to .788. ROC analysis demonstrated that at SNS ≥ 8, the patients demonstrated a mild severity of negative symptoms, and at SNS ≥ 15, the patients demonstrated a severe severity of negative symptoms. Subsequently, 9 < SNS < 14 was defined as a moderate severity of negative symptoms. The Cronbach's alpha and ICC coefficients of the Chinese version SNS were .877 and .774, respectively. Our results showed that the acceptable validity and reliability of the Chinese version of SNS confirmed that SNS is an ideal tool for self‐assessment of the negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.