bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging in insomnia: Review and reconsiderations
Authors: Aquino Giulia , Schiel Julian E. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryOver the last decades, neuroimaging has become a substantial component of insomnia research. While theoretical underpinnings of different studies vary just like methodological choices and the experimental design, it is suggested that major features of insomnia disorder rely on the impaired function, structure, metabolism and connectivity of brain areas involved in sleep generation, emotion regulation, self‐processing/‐awareness and attentional orientation. However, neuroimaging research on insomnia often suffers from small sample sizes, heterogeneous methodology and a lack of replicability. With respect to these issues, the field needs to address the questions: (1a) how sufficiently large sample sizes can be accumulated within a reasonable economic framework; (1b) how effect sizes in insomnia‐related paradigms can be amplified; (2a) how a higher degree of standardisation and transparency in methodology can be provided; and (2b) how an adequate amount of flexibility/complexity in study design can be maintained. On condition that methodological consistency and a certain degree of adaptability are given, pooled data/large cohort analyses can be considered to be one way to answer these questions. Regarding experimental single‐centre trials, it might be helpful to focus on insomnia‐related transdiagnostic concepts. In doing so, expectable effect sizes (in between‐subjects designs) can be increased by: (a) comparing groups that are truly distinct regarding the variables examined in a concept‐specific paradigm; and (b) facilitated, intensified and precise elicitation of a target symptom.
Resting metabolic rate and lung function in fasted and fed rough‐toothed dolphins, Steno bredanensis
Authors: Fahlman Andreas , Rhieu Kaylee , Alessi Brie , Marquardt Shelly , Schisa Michelle B. , Sanchez‐Contreras Guillermo J. , Larsson Josefin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (fR), respiratory flow, and end‐expired gases in rough‐toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) housed in managed care after an overnight fast and 1–2 hr following a meal. The measured average (± standard deviation) VT (4.0 ± 1.3 L) and fR (1.9 ± 1.0 breaths/min) were higher and lower, respectively, as compared with estimated values from both terrestrial and aquatic mammals, and the average VT was 43% of the estimated total lung capacity. The end‐expired gas levels suggested that this species keep alveolar O2 (10.6% or 80 mmHg) and CO2 (7.6% or 57 mmHg), and likely arterial gas tensions, low and high, respectively, to maximize efficiency of gas exchange. We show that following an overnight fast, the RMR (566 ± 158 ml O2/min) was 1.8 times the estimated value predicted by Kleiber for terrestrial mammals of the same size. We also show that between 1 and 2 hr after ingestion of a meal, the metabolic rate increases an average of 29% (709 ± 126 ml O2/min). Both body mass (Mb) and fR significantly altered the measured RMR and we propose that both these variables should be measured when estimating energy use in cetaceans.
Live bedside music for hospitalized older adults: A qualitative descriptive interview study
Authors: van der Wal‐Huisman Hanneke , van den Berg Nina M. , Paans Wolter , Bezold Laura , Stegemann Thomas , de Graeff Pauline , Van Leeuwen Barbara L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionHospitalization may have a major impact on older patients as it is often a period of psychosocial vulnerability. Music is one of the most described art forms used in healthcare. Applied in clinical settings, it can affect a patients' emotional and psychosocial well‐being. Incorporating a wider perspective of health promotion that aims to advance not only physical health, but a patients' overall well‐being, is part of a person‐centred approach to care. We developed an innovative participatory music practice in which professional musicians and music therapists visited patients at their bedside for 10–15 min in a Dutch and Austrian hospital. This qualitative study explores the added value of live bedside music practice for older hospitalized patients in Austria and the Netherlands.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted between October 2020 and February 2022 with 23 hospitalized patients aged ≥60 years. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the music sessions in Austria were facilitated by establishing a live connection between musicians and patients using a tablet. Data were transcribed verbatim and performed qualitative content analysis following the steps of thematic analysis. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was applied to report data collection, analysis and results.ResultsFour themes emerged from the data analysis. Participants described the perceived influences of live bedside music in terms of (1) emotional release, (2) positive distraction, (3) alterations in contact and (4) shared humanity. Overall, participants positively valued the live bedside music practice and expressed a desire for its continuation.ConclusionThis study explores the experiences and the added value of live bedside music for older hospitalized patients. By facilitating distraction and emotional release and enhancing nurse–patient interactions, live bedside music can significantly improve hospital experiences for older patients. Results reveal that live bedside music provides a positive patient experience and can be part of integrative and holistic care for hospitalized older patients. Live bedside music can attend to the emotional needs of older patients which are often under addressed in clinical settings but are crucial for enhancing their well‐being.
Opening the “black box” of public administration: The need for interpretive research
Authors: Elías María Verónica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImportant research questions in public administration and management cannot be studied through the scientific method. A fundamental example is how public administrators utilize their discretion and judgment in their everyday work. Inquiring into the process of administrative practice has been characterized as “opening the black box” of public administration and policy implementation—that is, how people in public administration and management situations do what they do. This paper argues that expanding the menu of worthwhile research approaches from quantitative empiricism, the current “gold standard” in public administration, to include interpretivism makes it possible to view inside the black box of administrative process. After a brief narrative describing how the field lost the balance between quantitative and interpretive approaches it once had, the discussion lays out the philosophical grounding and methodology of interpretive research and offers phenomenology as illustration of how such an expansion will benefit both administrative theory and practice.
Exchange rate expectations and exports: Firm‐level evidence from China
Authors: Bao Xiaohua , Huang Hailiang , Qiu Larry D. , Wang Xiaozhuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe notion that the exchange rate affects exports is well understood. However, whether exporters respond to the expectations of the exchange rate is unknown. Hence, in this study, we construct a measure of exchange rate expectations based on news articles from the Factiva database. We use machine learning to identify and classify news articles about the appreciation of the renminbi (RMB, Chinese currency). Our empirical estimation shows that from 2000 to 2006, Chinese firms reduced their exports in response to a higher expectation of RMB appreciation. They switched their sales from export to domestic markets. The responses are larger in low‐productivity firms, state‐owned enterprises, processing trade, and final goods trade.
A craton‐like subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Trans‐North China Orogen revealed by the ca. 1.54 Ga kimberlites
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Sheng , Yang Jin‐Hui , Li Qiu‐Li , Wang Hao , Wu Ya‐Dong , Wu Fu‐Yuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAncient orogens within the supercontinent like Columbia can remain stable evolution as long as the cratons. What kind of lithospheric mantle was beneath those orogens and how it evolved into a stable state are still enigmatic. The Trans‐North China orogen (TNCO) is one of the typical collisional orogens within the Columbia supercontinent and was formed at ca. 1.85 Ga. Our work reveals that a cluster of kimberlites intruded the orogenic belt at ca. 1.54 Ga. These rocks were originally generated under a thick lithosphere (>200 km). Their entrained olivine cores show a composition of overlapping olivines from refractory mantle peridotites. The results suggest a thick and refractory lithospheric mantle beneath the TNCO at ca. 1.54 Ga. Such craton‐like property may result from large volume melt extraction from the lithospheric mantle, possibly caused by the ca. 1.78 Ga large igneous event, which eventually induces the long‐term stability of the TNCO during the subsequent supercontinent cycle.
Recursive genome engineering decodes the evolutionary origin of an essential thymidylate kinase activity in
Pseudomonas putida
KT2440
Authors: Wirth Nicolas T. , Rohr Katja , Danchin Antoine , Nikel Pablo I. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Thymidylate kinases (TMPKs) play an essential role in DNA biosynthesis across all domains of life by catalyzing dTMP phosphorylation to dTDP. In
Pseudomonas putida
KT2440, a model Gram-negative soil bacterium,
tmk
is disrupted by a 65-kb genomic island (GI), posing questions about the origin of the essential TMPK function. To solve this long-standing evolutionary riddle, we addressed three competing hypotheses: (i) assembly of two Tmk segments into a functional protein, (ii) complementation by a deoxynucleotide monophosphate kinase encoded within the GI, or (iii) fulfillment of the essential function by the product of
PP_3363
, yet another gene annotated as “thymidylate kinase.” Systematic genome engineering, quantitative physiology and targeted proteomics, complementation assays, phylogenetic analysis, and structure homology modeling were combined to investigate the role of genes within the GI. Our findings revealed that the GI-encoded dNMPK gene
PP_1964
plays a critical role in complementing the disrupted TMPK function—exposing a non-essential character for the native
PP_3363
gene and the
tmk
pseudogene. This dNMPK was found to be structurally related to that of bacteriophage T4, as part of a distinct evolutionary domain connected to mobile genetic elements and phages. The recursive genome reduction approach in this work deepens our understanding of the genetic architecture of a model bacterium while it provides evidence that the essential TMPK function has been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, the insights gained in the present study have broader implications for understanding the essentiality and functionality of dNMPK homologs in other bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

Investigating fundamental aspects of metabolism is vital for advancing our understanding of the diverse biochemical capabilities and biotechnological applications of bacteria. The origin of the essential thymidylate kinase function in the model bacterium
Pseudomonas putida
KT2440, seemingly interrupted due to the presence of a large genomic island that disrupts the cognate gene, eluded a satisfactory explanation thus far. This is a first-case example of an essential metabolic function, likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer, which “landed” in a locus encoding the same activity. As such, foreign DNA encoding an essential dNMPK could immediately adjust to the recipient host—instead of long-term accommodation and adaptation. Understanding how these functions evolve is a major biological question, and the work presented here is a decisive step toward this direction. Furthermore, identifying essential and accessory genes facilitates removing those deemed irrelevant in industrial settings—yielding genome-reduced cell factories with enhanced properties and genetic stability.
Chromosome-level draft genome sequences of three isolates of the toxigenic fungus
Claviceps purpurea
showing structural rearrangements
Authors: Witte Thomas E. , Hicks Carmen , Shoukouhi Parivash , Dadej Kasia , Findlay Wendy , Liu Miao , Overy David P. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The whole genomes of three
Claviceps purpurea
strains were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ MinION and assembled into complete, chromosome-level assemblies. The
C. purpurea
genome consists of eight conserved chromosomes, with evidence of inter-chromosomal structural rearrangements between strains.
Complete genome sequence of
Bradyrhizobium
NP1, isolated from forest soil
Authors: Fisher Trevor , Durmazolu Francesca , DeAngelis Kristen M. , Morrow Maureen A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Bradyrhizobium
strain NP1. This bacterium was isolated from forest soil that had been subject to chronic warming. The genome of this novel isolated bacteria is presented as a single circular contig of 7,712,921 base pairs with 64.14% GC content.
Multicentre, observational, retrospective cohort of hyperkalaemia burden at haemodialysis facility-level in China: the Visualize-HD study protocol
Authors: Zhao Xinju , Zuo Li 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesHyperkalaemia is a potentially life-threatening disorder in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). Excess mortality and hospitalisation have been associated with hyperkalaemia (HK) after the long (2-day) interdialytic interval (LIDI) in patients on thrice a week HD compared with the short (1-day) interdialytic interval. Moreover, not much research has been conducted in China on the descriptive epidemiology and management of HK among different HD centres. The aim of this study is to address this evidence gap by investigating the risk factors associated with HK clinical burden at the HD facility level, current HD centres management patterns, serum potassium management patterns, as well as the risk factors associated with crude mortality in China.DesignMulticentre, observational, retrospective cohort study.SettingThis study plans to enrol 300 HD centres across China. Haemodialysis centres having ≥100 patients on maintenance HD within 3 years before study initiation, with participation willingness, routine blood collection post-LIDI and death records will be included.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥18 years and on chronic HD for ≥3 months will be considered eligible. Summary data about serum potassium, characteristics of patients, facility practice patterns will be collected at HD facility level and death records will be at the patient level.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome will be to examine the association between suspected risk factors and HK prevalence at HD facility level. Suspected risk factors include dialysis prescriptions and serum potassium testing frequency, characteristics of patients and related medication usage. The secondary outcome will be to determine the HK prevalence, serum potassium management pattern and risk factors associated with crude mortality. The primary and secondary outcomes will be analysed using regression models. Exploratory outcomes will further investigate the risk factors associated with serum potassium ≥6.0 and ≥6.5 mmol/L.ConclusionThe study is expected to provide insights to improve dialysis practice patterns and understand the clinical burden of HK.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards and Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital (Approval number: 2020PHB324-01). The results will be disseminated through national and international presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT05020717.
Persistent symptoms and conditions among children and adolescents hospitalised with COVID-19 illness: a qualitative study
Authors: Messiah Sarah E , Francis Jackson , Weerakoon Sitara , Mathew M Sunil , Shaikh Sumbul , Veeraswamy Apurva , Lozano Alejandra , He Weiheng , Xie Luyu , Polavarapu Dhatri , Ahmed Nabila , Kahn Jeffrey 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThere is limited in-depth research exploring persistent symptoms and conditions among children and adolescents who contracted COVID-19 illness that required hospitalisation. The main objective of this study was to conduct qualitative interviews among families who had a child hospitalised with COVID-19 illness to elucidate their child’s physical, mental and social health outcomes months after initial acute infection.Design, setting and participantsA qualitative study that composed of in-depth interviews among families with a child hospitalised with COVID-19 illness in one large urban US paediatric healthcare system. Parents (N=25) were recruited from an ongoing quantitative study to estimate the prevalence of long COVID in children hospitalised with COVID-19 illness. During in-depth interviews, parents were invited to describe their child’s post-COVID-19 symptoms and experiences. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and coded in NVivo.ResultsSeven themes were identified concerning the child’s prolonged COVID-19 experiences: (1) post-traumatic stress disorder, (2) social anxiety, (3) severe symptoms on reinfection, (4) worsened pre-existing conditions, (5) lack of insurance coverage for costly treatments, (6) access and utilisation of support systems and (7) overall resilience and recovery. Four parent-specific themes were identified: (1) fear of COVID-19 unknowns, (2) mixed messaging from health information sources, (3) schools being both a support system and a hindrance and (4) desire for and access to support systems.ConclusionsA subset of children who were hospitalised with COVID-19 illness are experiencing a range of serious mental health impacts related to persistent COVID-19 symptoms. Clinical and public health support strategies should be developed to support these children and their families as they reintegrate in school, social and community activities.
Young people’s opinions of cancer care in England: the BRIGHTLIGHT cohort
Authors: Hughes Luke , Fern Lorna A , Whelan Jeremy S , Taylor Rachel M , Study Group BRIGHTLIGHT 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe BRIGHTLIGHT cohort study was the national evaluation of cancer services for teenager and young adults (TYA). This was analysis of free-text survey data to better understand their experiences of cancer care.DesignCohort studySettingNational Health Service hospitals delivering cancer care in EnglandParticipants830 young people newly diagnosed with cancer.InterventionsExposure to specialist care in the first 6 months after diagnosis defined as care in a TYA Principal Treatment Centre (PTC). This was categorised as follows: all care in a TYA-PTC (ALL-TYA-PTC), no care in a TYA-PTC (NO-TYA-PTC) so care delivered in a children/adult unit only and some care in a TYA-PTC with additional care in a children’s/adult unit (SOME-TYA-PTC).Primary outcomeData were collected through the BRIGHTLIGHT survey included free-text questions which asked patients ‘what was the best aspects of their experiences of care’ and ‘what aspects could be improved’. These comments were analysed using content analysis. Themes were compared between categories of care, then ranked in order of frequency, ranging from the most endorsed to the least.ResultsOverall, young people were most positive about their healthcare team, while the area highlighted for improvement was diagnostic experience. Differences between the three groups suggested those who had some or all treatment in a TYA-PTC valued the place of care. Regardless of where TYA were treated their healthcare teams were favourably viewed. Age appropriate place of care was highlighted to be of value for those in PTCs.ConclusionsThese data show the value young people placed on the care they received in TYA specific wards. Young people who accessed some or all of their care in a TYA-PTC highly endorsed their place of care as one of the best elements of their care, and it is further emphasised by those who had shared care who experienced difficulty with lack of age-appropriate care when treated outside the TYA-PTC.
Developing consensus on the principles and key actions for collaborative working between general practices and community pharmacies: a modified eDelphi study
Authors: Harris Simon , Mills Elizabeth , Venables Rebecca Hayley , Bradley Fay , White Simon 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo develop consensus on the principles and key actions for collaborative working in practice between general practice, community pharmacy and patients and their carers.DesignThree-round modified eDelphi study, starting from an established conceptual model of collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists.SettingCommunity pharmacies and general practices in England, UK.ParticipantsA panel of 123 experts: 43% from a community pharmacy background; 36% from a GP background; 13% patients, carers or patient representatives and 8% from academic or commissioner backgrounds. Panellist numbers reduced by approximately 30% in rounds 2 and 3.Primary and secondary outcome measuresConsensus between expert panellists, defined as at least 75% agreement.ResultsA high level of consensus (>80%) was achieved on all components of a model of collaboration composed of Fundamental Principles of Collaboration and Key Activities for Action, supported by a series of aspirational statements and suggested practical actions. The fundamental principles and key activities are appended by contextual points. The findings indicate that collaboration in practice involves team members other than just GPs and community pharmacists and recognises that patients often want to know how each professional team is involved in their care. This study also provides insights into how collaboration between general practice and community pharmacy settings appears to have shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially through opportunities for virtual collaboration and communication that can transcend the need for close geographical proximity.ConclusionA consensus-based model of collaboration between general practice teams, community pharmacy teams, and patients and their carers has been developed. It is practically focused, values the patient voice and incorporates general practice and community pharmacy team members. While developed in England, the model is likely to also have applicability to other countries with similar health systems that include general practices and community pharmacies.