bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pharyngeal Airway by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography after Mono- and Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Sari Merve , Sen Esengül , Akbulut Nihat , Bayrak Seval , Demir Osman 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the pharyngeal airway obtained using mono-and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal malocclusion.

Material and Methods:
The analysis was conducted on cone-beam computed tomography images taken preoperatively and postoperatively of patients undergoing mono-or bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. The pharyngeal airway was divided into four airway volume segments and measured by planimetry.

Results:
The bimaxillary surgery group showed an increase in nasopharynx and velopharynx volumes and a decrease in glossopharynx and hypopharynx volumes (P < 0.05). The mandibular setback surgery group showed decreases in glossopharynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and pharynx volumes (P < 0.05). The mandibular advancement surgery group showed increases in glossopharynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and pharynx volumes (P < 0.05). The maxillary advancement surgery group showed increases in nasopharynx, velopharynx, and pharynx volumes (P < 0.05).

Discussion and Conclusion:
Mandibular setback surgery had a narrowing effect on the pharyngeal airway volume. Maxillary advancement surgery compensated for the constrictive effect of mandibular setback surgery on both the oropharynx and pharynx volumes. Although maxillary and mandibular advancement surgery affected different sites, these were the operations that contributed most to the increase in pharyngeal volume.
Effect of Different Doses of Aluminum Chloride on Neurodegeneration in Hippocampus Region of the Rat Brain
Authors: Massand Amit , Basera Mallika , Grace Sonal , Kumarachandra Reshma , Sudha K. , Rai Rajalakshmi , Murlimanju BV , Sowndarya K. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Aluminum (AL) compounds are widely used as food additives, cosmetics, antacids, and buffered aspirins. Chronic consumption of AL may lead to its accumulation in tissues causing AL toxicity. The study aims to investigate the toxic effect of AlCl3 on hippocampus region of rat brain by qualitative and quantitative analysis of neurons.

Material and Methods:
Adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups with six rats in each group. Group 1 was the control, Group 2 rats received 100 mg/kg b. w, and Group 3 received 300 mg/kg b. w of AlCl3 orally for 30 days. The neuronal count was done at the CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 regions of hippocampus by staining with cresyl violet stain. Neuronal damage in the AlCl3 groups was compared with the control group.

Results:
A significant damage was observed in all the regions of hippocampus both in Groups 2 and 3 compared to the control group (P < 0.00001). Further higher dose of AL caused marked neuronal damage in CA1 (P < 0.03) and CA3 (P < 0.05) regions compared to the lower dose of AL. The neurons in the CA3 and CA1 regions were most vulnerable to AL toxicity and the CA2 region of the hippocampus had a maximum number of viable neurons indicative of resistance to AL toxicosis.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Consumption of higher dose of AL even for a short term could have variable degrees of deleterious effects on different regions of the rat brain. This study sets a background for an in-depth exploration on toxicology of AL compounds on human participants which could be of public health importance.
Anatomical Evaluation of Sphenoid Sinus, Foramen Rotundum, and Vidian Canal for Ventrolateral Skull Base Surgery: A Radiological Study
Authors: Ipek Eda Duygu , Ceri Nazli Gulriz , Kasar Zehra Seznur 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
We aimed to evaluate the pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus (SS) and configuration of the vidian canal (VC) and foramen rotundum (FR).

Materials and Methods:
This study was performed on a total of 259 coronal and sagittal computed tomography (CTs) scans that we divided into rhinosinusitis (RS), nasal septum deviation (NSD), nasal polyposis (NP), and control (C) groups. We performed various morphometric measurements on CTs and evaluated the SS pneumatization and the position and protrusion of the FR and VC.

Results:
The mean age was found to be 42.42 ± 1.28 and 44.06 ± 1.45 in 149 males and 110 females, respectively. Significant differences were found among all morphometric measurements in the right and left side measurements and between genders except for the distance between VC and FR on both sides. The rotundum angle and bilateral VC distance values were found to be high in the NP and NSD groups. There was a difference in the distribution of categorical data between patient groups. We found prevalence of the FR and VC Type I as 3.3% and 13.3%, Type II as 35.5% and 43.65%; Type III as 61.2% and 43.05%, respectively. The position of FR was medial in 45.15%, online in 35.95%, and lateral in 18.9% of cases and SS pneumatization with lateral recess in 41.6%, tangent in 16.7%, and less pneumatized in 41.7% of cases in total.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Our findings show that the configuration of the structures, which are important anatomical landmarks for ventrolateral skull base surgery, changes in patients with anatomical variations and inflammatory sinonasal diseases.
Stereological and Comparative Evaluation of the Carpal Tunnel in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Güven Gürsel A. K. , Emirzeoglu Mehmet , Terzi Murat , Selçuk Mustafa Bekir , Sahin Bünyamin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
In this study, the relation between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) severity and the carpal tunnel volume (CTV), volume and the volume fraction of the carpal tunnel contents on subjects with CTS and healthy individuals were examined.

Material and Methods:
30 female patients diagnosed with CTS clinically and electrophysiologically and 16 healthy female patients were included in this study. In patient group, 50 and in control group 30 hand wrists were examined. CTS severity was ranked electrophysiologically. T1-weighted axial magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were examined by the Cavalieri principle.

Results:
CTV in the patient group (4.26 ± 0.57 cm3) was found to be lower than that of the control group (4.66 ± 0.73 cm3), while the volume (0.41 ± 0.07 cm3) of the median nerve (Vnm) in the patient group was found to be higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, the volume and volume fraction of the median nerve increase when the CTS severity increases (r = 0.610; r = 0.778).

Discussion and Conclusion:
Our study has shown that stereological studies with MRI are successful in determining the CTV in differentiating patients and healthy people. In addition, the volume and volume fraction of the median nerve were found to be quite effective in differentiating the severity of CTS. It is anatomically confirmed that when the severity of CTS increases, the space volume fraction of the carpal tunnel decreases.
The effects of prevalence of inequalities in mental disorders between groups using Blinder– Oaxaca decomposition
Authors: Veisani Yousef , Mohamadian Fathola 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
The prevalence of inequalities in sociodemographic factors in some mental disorders (MDs) has been shown in previous reports. The aim of this study was to assess the main contributors that affected prevalence of inequalities in MDs between groups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on adults in 10 cities from Ilam province. We selected participants using cluster sampling; clusters were cities (n
1 = 10), geographical area (n
2 = 153), and households (n
3 = 382). Screening tools and clinical interview were applied through standardized and validated questionnaires, namely, GHQ-28 and DSM-IV-TR, respectively. Participants were divided into socioeconomic groups via principal composition analysis (PCA). Blinder–Oaxaca approach was applied to distinguish the gap in inequalities between groups.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of MDs in the advantage group was 22.6% and, in disadvantages was 35.6%. The concentration index (CI) of the MD prevalence rate was −0.013 (95% CI: −0.022, −0.004) which indicated that MDs were more common in the disadvantaged groups. The odds of MDs in advantaged people was 81% more compared to the disadvantaged group (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.57), also in females compared to males (1.60; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.24). Analysis of gap inequality between groups showed that the gap in prevalence rates of MDs between groups was 12%.

CONCLUSION:
This study revealed a socioeconomic inequality in MD rates in the adult population. Therefore, results of this study provide contributors in MDs inequality in order to control and reduce the prevalence of MDs in the community.
Effectiveness of anger management program on anger level, problem solving skills, communication skills, and adjustment among school-going adolescents
Authors: Anjanappa Shamala , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Munivenkatappa Manjula , Bhaskarapillai Binukumar 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Anger is a natural feeling which is essential for survival, however, which can impair functioning if it is excessive. Adolescents need to be equipped with skills to cope with their anger for the promotion of their health and safety. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of anger management program on anger level, problem solving skills, communication skills, and adjustment among school-going adolescents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An experimental, pre-test–post-test control group design with a multistage random sampling was adopted to select 128 school-going adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years. Experimental group received six sessions of anger management program, while control group received one session on anger management skill after the completion of post-assessment for both the groups. Sessions included education on anger, ABC analysis of behavior and relaxation training, modifying anger inducing thoughts, problem solving, and communication skills training. Assessment done after the 2 months of anger management program. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:
Study reveals the improvement in the problem solving skills (81.66 ± 4.81), communication skills (82.40 ± 3.82), adjustment (28.35 ± 3.76), and decreased anger level (56.48 ± 4.97). Within the experimental and between the experimental and control group, post-test mean scores differed significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The results revealed that the anger management program was effective in decreasing anger level and increasing problem solving skills, communication skills, and adjustment among school-going adolescents.
Models and components in disaster risk communication: A systematic literature review
Authors: Fathollahzadeh Abazar , Salmani Ibrahim , Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali , Khajehaminian Mohammad-Reza , Babaie Javad , Fallahzadeh Hossein 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND AND AIM:
Risk communication is considered a major factor in disaster risk management by the concerned policymakers and researchers. However, the incoherence of variables affecting risk communication in various studies makes it difficult to plan for disaster risk communication. This study aims to identify and classify the influential components in disaster risk communication.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This systematic review was conducted in 2020. Databases included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In searching for articles, there was no limit on the date of publication and the language of the article. The research addressed both natural and man-made disasters. The Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) checklist was followed throughout the research, and the quality of the papers was assessed using the mixed methods evaluation tool (MMAT).

RESULTS:
In searching the articles, 3956 documents were obtained, of which 1025 duplicated articles were excluded. The titles and abstracts of the remaining documents (2931) were examined, of which 2822 were deleted, and the full text of 109 documents was studied for further assessment. Finally, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and reviewing the full texts, 32 documents were considered to extract the data and for quality assessment. On studying the full text of the obtained documents, 115 components were found, which were classified into five groups (message, message sender, message receiver, message environment, message process) and 13 subgroups. In addition, the obtained components were classified as those proposed by the authors of the article and those obtained from disaster risk communication models.

CONCLUSION:
Identifying the effective components in the disaster risk communication gives a more comprehensive view of risk communication to the disaster managers and executives and provides the decision-makers with an important platform to be able to use the components of risk communication and increase the impact of messages and ultimately increase people's preparedness for disasters in planning operations for the risk communication.
Community-engaged medical education is a way to develop health promoters: A comparative study
Authors: Yazdani Shahram , Heidarpoor Peigham 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Although the importance of health promotion and empowerment of the community has been recognized for many years, there are still many barriers to adopting health promotion in the world. One of the solutions is socially accountable medical education and community engagement.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to compare the medical programs of five medical schools that practiced community-engaged medical education to medical education in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This comparative study has been performed in 2022 by the four-stage Bereday method, including description (the educational programs of the selected medical schools were examined), interpretation (a validated checklist was prepared according to community-based strategies), proximity (similar and different information was identified), and comparison (solutions were recommended to improve health promotion and community engagement in Iran's medical education program. The purposive sampling method was used to select five universities.

RESULTS:
Although successful initiatives have been attempted to integrate public health promotion and community orientation into the Iranian curriculum, they do not appear to be sufficient in comparison to leading countries. The main distinction is that the community is actively engaged in all stages of curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although Iran's medical education program has a long way to go in terms of social accountability, by including more community-oriented initiatives into the curriculum, health needs of the community can be met and physician shortages in poor areas can be alleviated. It is recommended to implement modern teaching methods, to recruit diverse faculty and community members, and to increase the community placement in medical education.
Abstract almost periodicity for group actions on uniform topological spaces
Authors: Lenz Daniel , Spindeler Timo , Strungaru Nicolae 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present a unified theory for the almost periodicity of functions with values in an arbitrary Banach space, measures and distributions via almost periodic elements for the action of a locally compact abelian group on a uniform topological space. We discuss the relation between Bohr- and Bochner-type almost periodicity, and similar conditions, and how the equivalence among such conditions relates to properties of the group action and the uniformity. We complete the paper by demonstrating how various examples considered earlier all fit in our framework.
Disruptive Technologies - Technological Change Driven Conflicts
Authors: Molhova M. , Ivanov I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The article studies the conflicts that arise over the creation, adoption, and deployment of disruptive technologies against the backdrop of technological change. To study the nature of the problem, rooted in the contradictions and conflicts between disruptive technologies’ creators and the environment, the following research questions are addressed:
1.	What are the specifics of technological change, which leads to the creation of disruptive technologies?
2.	How to define the concept of technological change through market disruptive technologies? The analysis here is focused on the types of technologies, according to their "disruptiveness", on the different interests of the stakeholders related to the creation, adoption, and deployment of disruptive technologies, on the features of the innovation process in this case and the accompanying problems.
3.	What are the conflicts arising from the creation and introduction of disruptive technologies in the market? Specific attention is paid to the causes of conflicts and the parties involved in them. The analysis here reveals the role of the causes and ways of creating new technologies in the emergence of different types of conflicts and defines the types of conflicts arising when new products, services, business models, technologies, etc. are introduced into the market.
The article analyses and proposes effective approaches and mechanisms (methodologies) for managing and resolving conflicts arising from the creation and introduction of disruptive technologies into the market. Algorithmic solutions are proposed to overcome conflicts arising from technological change and the continuous emergence of disruptive technologies.

JEL classification numbers: O33, D74, O31.
Keywords: Disruptive Technologies, Technological Change, Innovations, Conflicts.
Estado nutricional e tempo de jejum pré-operatório de pacientes oncológicos submetidos à cirurgia.
Authors: Lyra Elisa , Aligleri Tatiane , Batiston Ligia , Henckel Viviane 
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Analisar o estado nutricional e o tempo de jejum pré-operatório de pacientes oncológicos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos. Método: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço e/ou trato gastrointestinal submetidos à cirurgias durante o mês de novembro de 2020. Foi aplicado questionário para coleta dos dados clínicos, cirúrgicos e de trajetória terapêutica e realizada avaliação nutricional por meio da antropometria (peso, estatura, circunferência da panturrilha) e aplicação da Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente (ASG-PPP). As variáveis foram analisadas de acordo com a natureza do dados. Resultados: Foram avaliados 20 pacientes com média de idade de 62,55 anos, sendo 55% do sexo feminino e 80% apresentaram desnutrição moderada ou grave pela ASG-PPP. O tempo médio de jejum pré-operatório foi de 14,21 horas. O tempo médio entre o diagnóstico e a realização da cirurgia foi de 158 dias. Não houve diferença estatística entre o tempo de trajetória terapêutica e o diagnóstico nutricional. Conclusão: O tempo de jejum pré-operatório ultrapassou as orientações de 8 a 12 horas convencionais e 80% dos pacientes apresentavam desnutrição moderada ou grave segundo a ferramenta ASG-PPP. Evidencia-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento protocolos de abreviação do tempo de jejum pré-operatório, proporcionando melhores condições para a recuperação pós-operatória.
Palavras-chave: Jejum. Neoplasias. Estado nutricional. Oncologia.
Fake News e Covid-19
Authors: Ribeiro Marques Luíz Fernando , Almeida de Moraes Carolina , Tomé Oliveira Maria Clara , Schächter Guidoreni Angela 
Published: April 2023

Este artigo traz evidências publicadas no período do primeiro semestre de 2022 a respeito de trabalhos que relacionam COVID-19 e informações falsas. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, utilizando-se descritores relacionados a fake news, COVID-19, Infodemia, totalizando 11 artigos. A busca na base de dados Google Acadêmico foi realizada no período de março a maio de 2022. No panorama atual, o tema fake news tem recebido bastante destaque. Essa revisão pontuou uma série de estudos que conceituam fake news como informações falsas potencialmente enganosas amplamente compartilhadas de maneira intencional ou não. A quantidade exponencial de fake news relacionadas a COVID-19 fez com que houvesse a necessidade de formular um termo que representasse essa epidemia de desinformação, o qual a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) definiu como infodemia. Acredita-se que esses achados possam ajudar a compreender um fenômeno que colaborou para desestimular a adesão de parcelas da população brasileira às campanhas de isolamento social e de vacinação.
Palavras-chave: Fake News. COVID-19. Infodemia.
Association of clinical variables as a predictor marker in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications
Authors: Suvarna Renuka , Biswas Monalisa , P. Shenoy Revathi , Prabhu M. Mukhyaprana 
Published: April 2023

Introduction and Aim: Various biochemical and hematological variables are important for predicting the progression of diabetes to diabetic complications, analyzing health-economic status, and examining the effectiveness of antidiabetic agents. The aim of this study is to find the association between clinical variables and type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease.

Materials and Methods: A total of 300 participants’ details were studied and divided into 3 groups; type 2 diabetes (n=100), diabetic nephropathy (n=100), and cardiovascular disease (n=100). Various biochemical and hematological variable data were collected from the patient file. BUN and inflammatory markers such as NLR, PLR, LMR and SII were calculated. P value (0.05) is statistically significant.

Result: A comparison of biochemical data, such as HbA1c, urea, creatinine, and sodium, revealed statistically significant differences between the three groups. Hematological parameters, such as RBC, Hb, WBC, PCT, and RDW, were also found to be significant. We calculated BUN, BCR, NLR, PLR, LMR, and SII and found they were significant.

Conclusions Clinical variables along with HbA1c as one of the most significant predictors can help define a person's risk profile for type 2 diabetes and the progression of diabetic complications. It may offer a new challenge to health education and therapeutic interventions designed to prevent diabetic complications.
The impact of COVID-19 on the volume and outcomes of routine and emergency endoscopy within an NHS Trust
Authors: Sasegbon Ayodele , Hasnain Nadir Syed Mujtaba , Leverton Daniel , Bhandare Anirudh 
Published: April 2023

Objective: COVID-19 has resulted in increased restrictions around the practice of routine endoscopy. This has had an impact on the number of endoscopies performed and access to training. However, gaps remain in our understanding.
Methods: Patients referred for inpatient endoscopies from March to May 2019 and February to May 2020 were identified. Their electronic notes and endoscopy reports were examined for referral details, endoscopic findings, complications and 30-day mortality. Additional information was collected on patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeds (UGIB) to enable the calculation of pre-oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) Blatchford scores and post-OGD Rockall scores. Comparisons were made between data obtained from March to May 2019 and 2020 (inter-year comparisons) and between February 2020 (immediately before the British Society of Gastroenterology published advice to restrict routine endoscopies) and March to May 2020 period (intra-year comparisons).
Results: 398 endoscopies were performed from March to May 2019 compared to 183 over the same period in 2020, a 54% reduction. 103 endoscopies were performed in February 2020 compared to the mean monthly value of 61 for the period from March to May 2020, a reduction of 41%. 12% of patients died in 2019 compared to 16% in 2020. For UGIB, 11% of patients died in 2019 compared to 15% in 2020. In 2019, 17% of UGIB OGDs were performed by gastroenterology trainees compared to 26% in 2020.
Conclusion: COVID-19 has led to a marked decrease in the number of endoscopies performed. Despite this trainee endoscopy exposure concerning emergency, UGIB OGDs have been preserved.