bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, pathophysiology and preventive strategies for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a narrative review
Authors: Yu Ying , Li Chenning , Zhu Shuainan , Jin Lin , Hu Yan , Ling Xiaomin , Miao Changhong , Guo Kefang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of cardiac surgery and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, accompanied by a substantial economic burden. The pathogenesis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is multifactorial and complex, with a variety of pathophysiological theories. In addition to the existing diagnostic criteria, the exploration and validation of biomarkers is the focus of research in the field of CSA-AKI diagnosis. Prevention remains the key to the management of CSA-AKI, and common strategies include maintenance of renal perfusion, individualized blood pressure targets, balanced fluid management, goal-directed oxygen delivery, and avoidance of nephrotoxins. This article reviews the pathogenesis, definition and diagnosis, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological prevention strategies of AKI in cardiac surgical patients.
Sitravatinib as a potent FLT3 inhibitor can overcome gilteritinib resistance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Yvyin , Wang Peihong , Wang Yang , Shen Yang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Gilteritinib is the only drug approved as monotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients harboring FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutation throughout the world. However, drug resistance inevitably develops in clinical. Sitravatinib is a multi-kinase inhibitor under evaluation in clinical trials of various solid tumors. In this study, we explored the antitumor activity of sitravatinib against FLT3-ITD and clinically-relevant drug resistance in FLT3 mutant AML.

Methods
Growth inhibitory assays were performed in AML cell lines and BaF3 cells expressing various FLT3 mutants to evaluate the antitumor activity of sitravatinib in vitro. Immunoblotting was used to examine the activity of FLT3 and its downstream pathways. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding sites of FLT3 to sitravatinib. The survival benefit of sitravatinib in vivo was assessed in MOLM13 xenograft mouse models and mouse models of transformed BaF3 cells harboring different FLT3 mutants. Primary patient samples and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were also used to determine the efficacy of sitravatinib.

Results
Sitravatinib inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in FLT3-ITD AML cell lines. In vivo studies showed that sitravatinib exhibited a better therapeutic effect than gilteritinib in MOLM13 xenograft model and BaF3-FLT3-ITD model. Unlike gilteritinib, the predicted binding sites of sitravatinib to FLT3 did not include F691 residue. Sitravatinib displayed a potent inhibitory effect on FLT3-ITD-F691L mutation which conferred resistance to gilteritinib and all other FLT3 inhibitors available, both in vitro and in vivo. Compared with gilteritinib, sitravatinib retained effective activity against FLT3 mutation in the presence of cytokines through the more potent and steady inhibition of p-ERK and p-AKT. Furthermore, patient blasts harboring FLT3-ITD were more sensitive to sitravatinib than to gilteritinib in vitro and in the PDX model.

Conclusions
Our study reveals the potential therapeutic role of sitravatinib in FLT3 mutant AML and provides an alternative inhibitor for the treatment of AML patients who are resistant to current FLT3 inhibitors.
Pharmacist perceptions of a “good death” and differences in perception between patients with cancer, oncologists, and oncology nurses: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Konishi Reiko , Isogai Junichi , Mukai Akira , Komori Koji , Majima Takashi , Ito Shinji , Kawada Kou 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
For pharmacists expected to encounter the deaths of many of their patients in the near future, it is important to understand the perception of a “good death” for patients with cancer who are likely to be aware of the circumstances of their poor prognosis. In this study, we clarified pharmacists’ perceptions of a “good death” and considered the differences in perception among patients with cancer, oncologists, and oncology nurses.

Methods
From April to June 2022, an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted on pharmacists working in hospitals and pharmacies and on members of the Japanese Society for Pharmaceutical Palliative Care and Sciences. The questionnaire consisted of 57 questions, called attributes, developed by Miyashita et al. to investigate the perception of “good death” in Japanese cancer medicine. The importance of those attributes was investigated using a 7-point Likert scale.

Results
Three thousand four hundred thirty-two pharmacists were made aware of this survey, and 207 participated in the survey. The responses of pharmacists to the 57 questions were very similar to those of the oncologists. Among them, “Fighting against disease until one’s last moment” and “Not making trouble for others” had very low importance, which was the most significantly different from the responses of patients with cancer. “Fighting against disease until one’s last moment” tended to be significantly underestimated by pharmacists engaged in patient guidance and interview compared to that by pharmacists not engaged in the duty (p = 0.02). Also, when we compared pharmacists with or without qualifications related to cancer and palliative care, there was no significant difference in the importance of “Fighting against disease until one’s last moment.” However, the importance of “Not making trouble for others” for qualified pharmacists was significantly underestimated (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Since pharmacists understand the limits of chemotherapy, they may want to be close to the patient but may not strongly agree with the “Fighting against cancer” component that patients with cancer prefer. It may be necessary to reconsider better ways of approaching the wishes and satisfaction of patients with cancer under the care of medical professionals in the field of oncology.
The influence of in-groups and out-groups on the theory-of-mind processing: evidence from different ethnic college students
Authors: Zhu Tingyu , Zhang Lijin , Wang Ping , Xiang Meiqiu , Wu Xiujuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccording to previous studies of theory of mind (ToM), social environment and cultural background affect individuals’ cognitive ability to understand other people’s minds. There are cross-group differences in ToM. The present study aimed to examine whether social environment and culture affect the ToM in Uygur and Han groups and whether the individual’s cognitive ToM and affective ToM show in-group advantages. Han and Uygur college students were recruited as participants. The “self/other differentiation task” was used to measure cognitive ToM (Study 1), and the “Yoni task” was used to measure both cognitive and affective ToM (Study 2). We found that Han participants processed the cognitive and affective states of others faster and more accurately than Uygur ones. Uygur and Han participants processed in-group members’ cognitive and affective states faster and more accurately. Furthermore, Uygur participants were more accurate in the cognitive ToM processing of in-group members, while Han participants were faster in the affective ToM processing of in-group members. The findings indicated that ethnic culture and group identify might influence ToM processing. Strengthening exchanges between ethnic groups may enable individuals to better process out-group members’ psychological states.
Assessment of 24-h moving average PM2.5 concentrations in Bangkok, Thailand against WHO guidelines
Authors: Sooktawee Sirapong , Kanchanasuta Suwimon , Bunplod Natthaya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractParticulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) pollution has gained more concern, as can be seen from the World Health Organization (WHO) revised air quality guideline (AQG) value. To compare with the 24-h AQG value, the 24-h mean (daily average) of hourly monitoring data has been widely used, but the nature of data in hourly variation has been lost. The 24-h moving average can be an alternative approach to preserving hourly data behavior, while various positions of the hour (leftmost, center, or rightmost hour) can be used to store the moving average. In this study, similarity testing by cross-correlation and Euclidean distance was performed to present a suitable 24-h moving average time series for hourly data, and then presented proportions of PM2.5 concentrations within each interim target and AQG ranges. The PM2.5 time series of the leftmost and rightmost 24-h moving average revealed lags of − 13 to − 10 h and 10 to 13 h for the observed hourly data, respectively. The lags of the center 24-h moving average time series were of − 2 to 1 h, which showed more similar events to the hourly PM2.5 fluctuation than the leftmost and rightmost time series. The center 24-h moving average concentrations measured in Bangkok were categorized into interim target and AQG ranges. The results revealed that the proportion of concentrations lower than AQG during nighttime and daytime was approximately 40 and 28%, respectively. However, the results given from the leftmost and rightmost time series showed time shifts and differences in diurnal variation caused by the position used to store the average value. To keep hourly PM2.5 variation that can be compared with the 24-h WHO guidelines, this should be performed with careful and precautionary consideration of misinterpretation over a time scale, especially for implementing countermeasures and policies.
Genetic polymorphism of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and its effects on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Metformin: a narrative review
Authors: Borra Swathi Swaroopa , Jane Niva Rose , Palaniappan Dhivyaprasath , Subramanian Rupakrishnan , Patankar Mithila Amar , Krishnamoorthy Sadagoban Gopal , Parthasarathy Arun Kanniyappan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) is a renal carrier transporter protein found in the basolateral membrane of proximal epithelial cells, which facilitates active secretion of Metformin. The genetic polymorphism of OCT2 influences the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effect of Metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This is also mainly associated with frequencies of the associated risk allele in a particular population.

Objective
The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of OCT2 genetic polymorphism on Metformin pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK).

Method of study
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for performing the research. Following databases were used to conduct the search: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Relevant studies were retrieved and literatures were appraised for methodology, demographic characteristics, relevant SNPs, genetic intervention trials, and outcomes.

Results
Based on the data collected, 13 OCT2 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified across various ethnic groups. There were significant differences between the frequency distribution of shared alleles and impact of thirteen SNPs on Metformin. Among the thirteen OCT2 variants studied, rs316019 variant produced the most diverse responses in population by showing positive and negative impact on PK & PD of Metformin.

Discussion and conclusion
Each population's OCT2 polymorphism had a distinct effect on Metformin responsiveness. The findings of this study could bring significant benefits to patients with OCT2 genetic polymorphism if individualised T2DM therapy is introduced. Patient-centered treatment would improve the Metformin efficacy leading to new research in personalised medicine.
Machining process parameters optimization using soft computing technique
Authors: El Hossainy Tarek M. , Zeyada Yasser , Abdelkawy Abdallah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work introduces an approach for optimization machinability measures of power consumption, machining time, and the surface roughness (PMS). This approach is starting with market customer’s demands, passing by optimizing the machinability measures (PMS), and ending by the optimized cutting conditions. The fuzzy logic was used to define the weights of each of required machinability measurement using method through expert rules depending on factory requirements. Genetic algorithm was formulated for giving optimum output values based on the customer’s demands. A neural network was designed for controlling the input cutting conditions with the PMS output parameters. The proposed soft computing technique creates reasonable results compared to experimental results and gives rich investigations for optimizing the output parameters not only for increasing productivity and quality demands but also for saving power consumed. The variation of consumed power, machining time, and surface roughness was calculated based on different customer demand levels. When the machining time and power consumed importance increased, the proposed technique reduced them by about 20% and 10% for the testes case.
Impact of a mental health patient portal on patients’ views of compassion: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Durocher Keri , Lo Brian , Chen Sheng , Ma Clement , Wiljer David , Strudwick Gillian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCompassion is central to achieving positive clinical outcomes, commonly studied as a concept that enhances therapeutic alliance between patients and clinicians. Within mental health care, compassion may be enhanced by a patient portal, a digital platform where information is exchanged between clinicians and patients. The portal is viewed as a compassion-oriented technology, as it may positively influence safety, disease management, and patient engagement. As portals have limited implementation in mental health care, it is imperative to research the impact of portal use on patient’s perspectives of compassion expressed by clinicians.MethodsWe conducted a convergent mixed methods study to assess and understand the impact of portal use on patients’ experience of compassion in mental health care settings. The quantitative strand encompassed a self-administered survey consisting of a validated compassion scale at the time of enrolment in the portal and after both three and 6 months of portal use. The qualitative strand consisted of semi-structured interviews with patients after the three-month mark of portal use. Data collection and analysis of both strands happened independently, then these two complementary findings were merged narratively.ResultsA total of 113 patient surveys and ten interviews were included in analysis. The univariate model with time as the only independent variable did not show significant differences in the total compassion scores across the three time points, F (2, 135) = 0.36p = 0.7. The model was then adjusted for sex, age, and diagnosis and did not show significant changes in the total compassion scores, F (2, 135) = 0.42p = 0.66. Interview findings identified both positive and negative influences of portal use in patients’ perception of compassion. Some participants described compassion as something personal, not associated with the portal use. However, some participants reported that portals facilitated treatment experiences, being reflective of compassionate care.ConclusionsPatient portals in mental health care may allow for timely exchange of information and create a space outside appointments to strengthen relationships between clinicians and patients, improving compassionate delivery of care. Further research can help better understand how portals can contribute to digital compassion as technological advancements continue to be integrated into mental health care contexts.
Negative hyperselection of patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer for panitumumab: A biomarker study of the phase III PARADIGM trial.
Authors: Shitara Kohei , Muro Kei , Watanabe Jun , Yamazaki Kentaro , Ohori Hisatsugu , Shiozawa Manabu , Yasui Hirofumi , Oki Eiji , Sato Takeo , Naito Takeshi , Komatsu Yoshito , Kato Takeshi , Soeda Junpei , Yamamoto Kouji , Yamashita Riu , Akagi Kiwamu , Ochiai Atsushi , Uetake Hiroyuki , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: January 2023

11 Background: The PARADIGM trial showed longer median overall survival (OS) with first-line mFOLFOX6 plus panitumumab (PAN) vs bevacizumab (BEV) in patients (pts) with RAS wild type (WT) and left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) (37.9 vs 34.3 months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; P=0.031) and similar OS in right-sided pts (HR 1.09; Yoshino T, et al. ASCO 2022 LBA1). We evaluated the usefulness of negative hyperselection by gene alterations in ctDNA related to primary resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Methods: Baseline plasma ctDNA (>10 ng/mL and >10 nM DNA) from pts enrolled in the biomarker study (NCT02394834) was assessed using a custom panel (PlasmaSELECT-R 91, PGDx). Preplanned gene alterations for hyperselection included KRAS, NRAS, PTEN, and extracellular domain EGFR mutations, HER2 and MET amplifications, and ALK, RET, or NTRK1 fusions. Results: Among 802 pts in the full analysis set, 733 (91%) had evaluable pretreatment samples for ctDNA analysis. Of these pts, 204 (28%) had at least 1 gene alteration, including KRAS/NRAS (8%), BRAF V600E (11%), PTEN (5%), EGFR (3%), HER2 (5%), MET (1%), and fusions (1%). In 529 (72%) hyperselected pts without any gene alterations, OS tended to be longer with PAN vs BEV regardless of primary sidedness; the OS HRs ranged from 0.76 to 0.82, and the median OS gains ranged from 6.6 to 8.0 months (Table). Meanwhile, OS was similar or inferior with PAN vs BEV irrespective of the primary sidedness in pts with any of these gene alterations (Table). Conclusions: Negative hyperselection using ctDNA rather than tumor sidedness may identify appropriate pts for first-line PAN over BEV. These results warrant further validation in additional cohorts. Clinical trial information: NCT02394834 . [Table: see text]
Efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus cetuximab and irinotecan in patients with previously treated RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer: A phase II, single-arm study.
Authors: Xu Xiaojing , Yu Yiyi , Wang Yan , Cui Yuehong , Li Wei , Liang Li , Li Qian , Yu Shan , Feng Yi , Liu Qing , Zhang Pengfei , Lv Minzhi , Liu Tianshu 
Published: January 2023

125 Background: For adequately treated patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer, the current third-line treatment standard of TKIs or TAS-102 administration has a low clinical objective response rate and its effectiveness seems to be limited. Preclinical studies have suggested that EGFR pathway blockage and immune checkpoint inhibition have synergistic therapeutic effects in these pts. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) plus cetuximab and irinotecan in pts with previously treated RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer. Methods: This is an open-label, single-arm, phase II study. RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer pts with at least two previous lines of therapy were included in this study and administered with tislelizumab plus cetuximab and irinotecan until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) (RESCIT 1.1). Secondary endpoints included DCR, PFS, OS and safety. Results: In total, 35 eligible RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer pts were enrolled from March 2021 to September 2021. The median age was 58 years. All 35 pts were identified as BRAF/RAS wild-type, and 33 (94%) had left-sided colon cancer. The percentages of pts with second-line, third-line and ≥fourth-line previous treatments were 37%, 49%, and 14%, respectively. Thirty-four pts (97%) had received targeted therapies previously, including 29 (83%) with anti-EGFR therapy. By Aug 17th, 2022, 2 pts had withdrawn from the study for personal reasons, and the remaining 33 pts were evaluated for efficacy. Twelve of the 33 (36.4%) pts achieved clinical partial remission and 14 (42.4%) achieved stable disease; disease progression occurred in 6 pts and 1 patient died. The unconfirmed ORR was 36.4% and the DCR was 78.8%. The confirmed ORR was 33.3%. Until Aug 17th, 2022, 1 pts continued treatments. The median PFS was 6.83 months. Among the 33 treated pts, 32 (97.0%) had treatment-related adverse events (AEs). Common AEs included rash (n=32), fatigue (n=30), decreased appetite (n=30), nausea (n=28), diarrhea (n=16), vomiting (n=14), liver dysfunction (n=13), leukopenia (n=12) anemia(n=10), neutropenia (n=9), paronychia (n=8), oral mucositis (n=4), and thrombocytopenia (n=4). Three (9.1%) of the 33 pts reported grade ≥3 AEs, including rash (n=1), neutropenia (n=2). Conclusions: Tislelizumab plus cetuximab and irinotecan showed an encouraging clinical efficacy and tolerable safety in previously treated pts with RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT05143099 .
Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant preoperative short-course radiation followed by envafolimab plus CAPEOX in microsatellite stable (MSS)/mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) locally advanced rectal cancer.
Authors: Dai Sheng , Wang Fei , Shen Yanbin , Shi Liming , Xu Lingna , Lai Chuanxi , Zhang Feixiang , Zhang Kangke , Xu Dengyong , Shan Lina , Cao Gaoyang , Wang Da , Lao Weifeng , Sun Xiaonan , Huang Xuefeng 
Published: January 2023

134 Background: Chemoradiation is the standard neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Microsatellite stable (MSS)/ mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) rectal cancer rarely responds to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy, but combination with chemoradiation may improve sensitivity of MSS/pMMR tumors by inducing immune-stimulatory effects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of patients treated with neoadjuvant preoperative short-course radiation followed by envafolimab plus CAPEOX for MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: This is an open-label, single-center, phase ¢ò study. Patients (pts) with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma with MSS/pMMR were eligible. MMR protein expression was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) £¬and MSI status was confirmed by NGS (next generation sequencing). All pts included in this study underwent neoadjuvant short-course radiation (total dose of 5¡Á5Gy) in the first week after enrollment, then followed by 6 cycles of envafolimab (anti-PD-L1 inhibitor,150mg, d1, subcutaneous injection, QW) plus 2 cycles of CAPEOX in the next six weeks, and subsequently underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) in the ninth week. The primary endpoint is pathological complete response rate. Secondary endpoints include tumor regression grade (TRG), 3 year disease free survival, overall survival, toxicity, and quality of life (QoL). Results: This study intends to recruit 32 pts, and a total of 21 pts were enrolled from January 2022 to September 2022. Overall median age was 67 (42-79) years. 12 pts completed study designed treatment protocol (envafolimab plus CAPOX) followed with TME procedures, and 9 pts are still undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. All 12 pts achieved major partial response (MPR) evaluated by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), and 8 pts (8/12,76.6%) achieved pCR. During neoadjuvant treatment period, 20 pts (20/21, 95.2%) presented with treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) of any grade, 18 pts (18/21, 85.7%) had grade 1-2 and one each pts had grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia (2/21, 9.5%). The most common TRAEs were sensation of rectal tenesmus. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant preoperative short-course radiation followed by envafolimab plus CAPEOX in MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer achieved a promising pathologic response. Meanwhile, this combination neoadjuvant therapy is safe and worthy of application to clinical practice. (Funded by Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine.) Clinical trial information: NCT05216653 .