bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of toroidally-distributed-divertor biasing on scrape-off-layer (SOL) current drive, divertor particle flux and fast electron confinement in the QUEST spherical tokamak
Authors: Toi Kazuo , Onchi Takumi , Zushi Hideki , Kuroda Kengoh , Idei Hiroshi , Hanada Kazuaki , Hasegawa Makoto , Kojima Shinichiro , Ikezoe Ryuya , Ido Takeshi , Kawasaki Shoji , Higashijima Aki ,   QUEST Experiment Group
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A novel divertor biasing by four biasing plates distributed toroidally (TDDB) on the upper divertor target plate is applied to low density tokamak plasmas started-up by 28 GHz 2nd harmonic electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) in a quasi-double null configuration of the QUEST spherical tokamak (ST). In the ST plasmas of line averaged electron density <

n
e

> ∼0.7–1 × 1018 m−3, about 20%–40% of the current

I

bias

driven by ∼85 V sawtooth bias voltage reaches the lower divertor plate along the biased scrape-off-layer (SOL) flux tube as the SOL current

I

SOL

. The fact

I

SOL

is noticeably lower than

I

bias

indicates an appreciable leakage of parallel current from the biased SOL flux tube. The leakage currents in the toroidal and radial directions are confirmed by detection of them using the unbiased plates in the TDDB experiments. From the ion saturation current density profile obtained by a divertor Langmuir probe array, the fall-off lengths of divertor particle flux are estimated together with the strike line position. Total particle flux to the upper divertor, evaluated by the integrated ion saturation current density profile is reduced by up to 45% during positive biasing of the TDDB, depending on the position of the strike line to the biased plate. In addition, the TDDB also induces a noticeable loss of fast electrons produced by ECCD, leading to an ∼2% reduction in the maximum toroidal current of the ST plasma compared to a shot without the TDDB. Reduction of the divertor particle flux and enhancement of the fast electron losses are thought to be dominantly caused by E

×
B

drift induced by the TDDB. In the present experimental conditions, the effects of magnetic perturbations produced by the SOL currents on the fast electron losses can be neglected because of a too small SOL current.
Characteristics and causes of voltage observed at the current feeder of high-temperature superconducting WISE conductor
Authors: Narushima Y , Garfias-Davalos D , Onodera Y , Hamaguchi S , Chikaraishi H , Yanagi N , Baba T , Miyazawa J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The HTS (high-temperature superconducting) conductor is a feasible candidate for constructing magnets for next-generation fusion devices because of its higher critical current in a high magnetic field. A new concept of the HTS-WISE (Wound and Impregnated Stacked Elastic tapes) conductor has been studied aiming to apply the fusion reactor magnet. Here, the WISE-U conductor is composed of stacked thirty REBCO tapes (10 mm width, 65 μm thickness, I
c = 370 A @77 K, s.f.) wrapped by a stainless-steel coil tube which is inserted into the metal pipe. The 4 m-long REBCO tapes are folded with a radius of curvature of 35 mm in a hairpin-like structure. A low-melting-point metal U-Alloy 60 whose melting point is 60°C is poured into the pipe for impregnation to make the non-insulation conductor. The REBCO tapes and the current feeder made of oxygen-free copper were also impregnated with the U-Alloy 60 to connect. This fabrication method has the advantage of being easier to fabricate than the technique of connecting each tape using indium foil. The energization test results showed that a maximum current value of 16.9 kA was recorded at B = 5 T and T = 30 K, however, a burnout occurred in the current feeder before the critical current was determined. Then, the improved WISE conductor has been designed and tested which showed a maximum of 19kA was reached in the self-field and 20K. However, burnout still occurred in the current feeder section. In those experiments, the superconducting section has not been damaged at all. If this burnout had been avoided, a higher current-carrying capacity could have been obtained. Identifying the cause of burnout and improving the current feeder is required.
X-ray Characterizations of Iron-based Superconductor Round Wires with Large Critical Current Density
Authors: Tamegai T , Pyon S , Sasaki T , Ito T , Sakagami R , Awaji S , Kajitani H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Characterizations of round wires of iron-based superconductors were performed by using two different X-ray techniques. The core of the round wire turns out to be concentrically textured. The texturing parameter (r) defined by r = I(002)/I(103) has a clear correlation with the value of the critical current density (J
c) of the wire. Using ~18 m-long (Ba,A)Fe2As2 (A: K, Na) wires, small magnets was constructed and successfully generated a magnetic field as large as 3.1 kOe at I = 53 A. The wire for the magnet was carefully cut and local variation of the critical current (I
c) was evaluated. Variation of the core area was also measured by using X-ray tomography for the segments with the largest and smallest I
c. Obtained images demonstrates that the core has a certain degree of sausaging effect and it has good correlation with I
c of the wire. Using the largest value of measured I
c and the minimum core area of that segment, record-high value of J
c = 71 kA/cm2 at 100 kOe has been achieved.
Effect of nano ZrO2 addition on the properties of Ca0.86Sr0.14CuO2 added Bi 2223 composites
Authors: Verma Pawan K , Rajasekharan T. , Das Shamili C , Surendran K P , Seshu Bai V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Effect of introducing nano ZrO2 particles into (Ca,Sr)CuO2 added Bi 2223 superconductor composites is studied. Microstructures revealed that 20 mol. % (Ca,Sr)CuO2 phase added to Bi 2223 formed as micron sized particles among the Bi 2223 platelet shaped grains. Distribution of (Ca,Sr)CuO2 in Bi 2223 has enhanced the critical current density (Jc) and flux pinning force density (Fp ) substantially to fields up to 9 T at 20 K. Introduction of nano ZrO2 into the composite reacted with (Ca,Sr)CuO2 particles and formed additional secondary phases of increasing amount with a rise in ZrO2 content. This resulted in lowering of Jc(0) due to a gradual reduction in the fraction of superconducting phases, but retained the enhanced field range in which flux pinning was achieved. At 10 wt.% addition of ZrO2, Bi 2223 phase was suppressed, and Bi 2212 phase was promoted. Scaling behaviour of pinning force density has shown the dominant mechanism at low fields to be normal surface pinning due to interfacial defects. The fact that (Ca,Sr)CuO2 distributes itself as fine spherical particles in Bi 2223, without causing degradation of the superconducting matrix material, is of significance and opens up a scope to optimize the microstructures further for enhancement of flux pinning.
Yoke geometry study using pulsed field magnetization on superconducting joined bulk Gd-Ba-Cu-O
Authors: Takemura K , Sudo K , Dorget R , Dadiel J L , Sakafuji M , Yokoyama K , Oka T , Sakai N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Conditions for obtaining high-quality superconducting joint in Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors were investigated, and the effects of PFM properties of the joined bulk and the change of yoke geometry in magnetization were examined. For a good superconducting joint fabricated by the local melting method using sintered Er-Ba-Cu-O, the J
c-B property and multiple Hall sensors indicates that the joined part is the preferential field penetration path. PFM was performed using a changed geometry of yoke in which concentrated long pulse to the joined part, but the result was equivalent to the trapped field before the changing yoke because the volume of the yoke was reduced. This is the first attempt to approach an effective PFM method for the joined bulk from the viewpoint of a changed geometry of yoke.
Accuracy Improvement of Polynomial Computing RSFQ Circuits Based on Stochastic Computing by Partial Duplication
Authors: Tsuji Moeka , Kito Nobutaka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study proposes a design method for RSFQ stochastic computing (SC) circuits. The method generates circuits with improved accuracy compared to a previously proposed method. This improvement in accuracy is realized using partial duplication. SC requires a large number of clock cycles to obtain a calculation result owing to lengthy observation of the output bitstream. The proposed method can either enhance the accuracy while maintaining the latency or mitigate the latency in clock cycles while maintaining the same accuracy. The design method duplicates a small part of the original circuit considering effectiveness for accuracy improvement. Therefore, the number of additional gates in circuits designed with the proposed method is negligible. The evaluation results indicate that, compared to circuits without duplication, the mean absolute error of circuits including one duplicated part designed with the method is reduced to approximately 60%.
Design Study of an HTS Linear Power Generator Suitable for Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Kambo Petrus , Yamanouchi Yuhi , Caunes Antomne A , Yamaguchi Kota , Izumi Mitsuru , Ida Tetsuya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we show a conceptual structure of a direct drive linear power generator with REBaCuO high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk field poles for wave energy conversion. The proposed linear power generator structure is comprised of a moving armature coil and HTS bulks concept, which we call it a dual translator power generation system. Its performance has been analyzed using a finite-element electromagnetic field analysis method. A determination of the main machine parameters for the dual translator HTS linear power generator was conducted. Simulation results were compared between our dual translator HTS linear generator structure and the use of permanent magnets (PMs) for the field poles of that structure. It was found that the electromotive forces, electromagnetic forces and output power of the dual translator HTS linear power generator structure are 1.67, 2.63 and 2.60 times superior to that of dual translator PM linear generator structure, respectively. A combination of the dual translator power generation system and HTS bulks has the potential to help us to achieve higher torque and higher output power despite low ocean wave speed, which is important to achieve practical application of ocean power generation systems.
Development of Exciter System for Power Supply driven HTS-MRI
Authors: Shirai Yasuyuki , Uchida Yuto , Miura Hideaki , Hattori Taisuke , Matsuda Tetsuya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Exciter systems is examined for helium free high-temperature superconducting (HTS)-MRI magnet. We have developed an active magnetic field stability control by use of a highly stabilized power supply instead of the persistent current operation. The magnetic field stability was measured and evaluated using a HTS-MRI test magnet under the power supply driving mode of a dropper-type and of a switching-type direct-current exciter system. A high stable direct current power supply is normally designed using the dropper-type power supply which is suitable for constant current operation of less current ripple. However, it is of large power loss and is not suitable for charging/discharging operation. On the other hand, the switching-type power supply is suitable for variable current control operation and of less power loss. However, it is of large current ripple in the constant current operation which would degrade the magnetic field stability in HTS-MRI imaging operation. The availability of the power supply system was discussed in MRI imaging of a mouse using an experimental HTS-MRI system. HTS-MRI imaging of mouse (~50 mm).
Superintegrable quantum mechanical systems with position dependent masses invariant with respect to two parametric Lie groups
Authors: Nikitin A G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Quantum mechanical systems with position dependent masses (PDMs) admitting two parametric Lie symmetry groups are classified. Namely, all PDM systems are specified which, in addition to their invariance w.r.t. a two parametric Lie group, admit at least one second order integral of motion. The presented classification is partially extended to the more generic systems which do not accept any Lie group.
Nonautonomous dynamics of local and nonlocal Fokas–Lenells models
Authors: Silem Abdselam , Lin Ji , Akhtar Naeem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of solutions to the local and nonlocal nonautonomous Fokas–Lenells (FL) models. Solutions to the local and nonlocal reductions are presented using the Wronskian technique by imposing constraints on the double Wronskian solutions to the unreduced nonautonomous FL system. Classifications of the soliton solutions are shown in relation to the distribution of the eigenvalues. Moreover, dynamics of these solutions are presented, along with the impacts of the variable coefficient

α
(
t
)

. Notably, the coefficient

α
(
t
)

influences the top traces and velocities of the found solutions in both the local and nonlocal cases, enriching this study.
Highly reproducible and cost-effective one-pot organoid differentiation using a novel platform based on PF-127 triggered spheroid assembly
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Shan , Xie Gang , Ma Honghao , Ding Shuangjin , Wu Yi-Xia , Fei Yuan , Cheng Qiang , Huang Yanyi , Wang Yangming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Organoid technology offers sophisticated in vitro human models for basic research and drug development. However, low batch-to-batch reproducibility and high cost due to laborious procedures and materials prevent organoid culture standardization for automation and high-throughput applications. Here, using a novel platform based on the findings that Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) could trigger highly uniform spheroid assembly through a mechanism different from plate coating, we develop a one-pot organoid differentiation strategy. Using our strategy, we successfully generate cortical, nephron, hepatic, and lung organoids with improved reproducibility compared to previous methods while reducing the original costs by 80%–95%. In addition, we adapt our platform to microfluidic chips allowing automated culture. We showcase that our platform can be applied to tissue-specific screening, such as drug toxicity and transfection reagents testing. Finally, we generate NEAT1 knockout tissue-specific organoids and show NEAT1 modulates multiple signaling pathways fine-tuning the differentiation of nephron and hepatic organoids and suppresses immune responses in cortical organoids. In summary, our strategy provides a powerful platform for advancing organoid research and studying human development and diseases.
What Is the Current Best Drug Treatment for Hypertensive Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction? Review of the Totality of Evidence
Authors: Sevre Kaja , Rist Aurora , Wachtell Kristian , Devereux Richard B , Aurigemma Gerard P , Smiseth Otto A , Kjeldsen Sverre E , Julius Stevo , Pitt Bertram , Burnier Michel , Kreutz Reinhold , Oparil Suzanne , Mancia Giuseppe , Zannad Faiez 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
More than 90% of patients developing heart failure (HF) have an epidemiological background of hypertension. The most frequent concomitant conditions are type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and coronary disease, all disorders/diseases closely related to hypertension.

METHODS
HF outcome research focuses on decreasing mortality and preventing hospitalization for worsening HF syndrome. All drugs that decrease these HF endpoints lower blood pressure. Current drug treatments for HF are (i) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, (ii) selected beta-blockers, (iii) steroidal and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and (iv) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.

RESULTS
For various reasons, these drug treatments were first studied in HF patients with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, subsequently, they have been investigated and, as we see it, documented as beneficial in HF patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, HFpEF) and mostly hypertensive etiology, with effect estimates assessed partly on top of background treatment with the drugs already proven effective in HFrEF. Additionally, diuretics are given on symptomatic indications.

CONCLUSIONS
Considering the totality of evidence and the overall need for antihypertensive treatment and/or treatment of hypertensive complications in almost all HF patients, the principal drug treatment of HF appears to be the same regardless of LVEF. Rather than LVEF-guided treatment of HF, treatment of HF should be directed by symptoms (related to the level of fluid retention), signs (tachycardia), severity (NYHA functional class), and concomitant diseases and conditions. All HF patients should be given all the drug classes mentioned above if well tolerated.
A workflow to study mechanistic indicators for driver gene prediction with Moonlight
Authors: Nourbakhsh Mona , Saksager Astrid , Tom Nikola , Chen Xi Steven , Colaprico Antonio , Olsen Catharina , Tiberti Matteo , Papaleo Elena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Prediction of driver genes (tumor suppressors and oncogenes) is an essential step in understanding cancer development and discovering potential novel treatments. We recently proposed Moonlight as a bioinformatics framework to predict driver genes and analyze them in a system-biology-oriented manner based on -omics integration. Moonlight uses gene expression as a primary data source and combines it with patterns related to cancer hallmarks and regulatory networks to identify oncogenic mediators. Once the oncogenic mediators are identified, it is important to include extra levels of evidence, called mechanistic indicators, to identify driver genes and to link the observed gene expression changes to the underlying alteration that promotes them. Such a mechanistic indicator could be for example a mutation in the regulatory regions for the candidate gene. Here, we developed new functionalities and released Moonlight2 to provide the user with a mutation-based mechanistic indicator as a second layer of evidence. These functionalities analyze mutations in a cancer cohort to classify them into driver and passenger mutations. Those oncogenic mediators with at least one driver mutation are retained as the final set of driver genes. We applied Moonlight2 to the basal-like breast cancer subtype, lung adenocarcinoma and thyroid carcinoma using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. For example, in basal-like breast cancer, we found four oncogenes (COPZ2, SF3B4, KRTCAP2 and POLR2J) and nine tumor suppressor genes (KIR2DL4, KIF26B, ARL15, ARHGAP25, EMCN, GMFG, TPK1, NR5A2 and TEK) containing a driver mutation in their promoter region, possibly explaining their deregulation. Moonlight2R is available at https://github.com/ELELAB/Moonlight2R.
Developmental regulation of the male urogenital papilla in the male marine teleost black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii (Hilgendorf, 1880)
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Xueying , Zhao Ning , Liu Qinghua , Song Zongcheng , Li Jun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The male external genitalia of the black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880) is a fleshy protrusion known as the urogenital papilla (UGP), which functions to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract for internal fertilization. It is not known which genes regulate the development of the UGP. The aim of this study was to identify key genes that regulate the development of the UGP in black rockfish and to determine the distribution of androgen receptor gene (ar) in the UGP. A total of 26 adult males and 560 juvenile fish were used in the experiment, in which we divided all normally developing juveniles into normal development and androgen groups. We added methyltestosterone solution (100 μg/l) to the androgen group-treated fish tank, soaked for 2 h per day for 38 days, and sampled 5~10 samples each time every 5 days during the culture process. Gene expression changes related to UGP were analyzed with tissue specificity between control and androgen groups during sex differentiation, adult male maturation, and the copulation stage (September to December) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of ar was also localized by two-color in situ hybridization in the UGP region of juvenile fish. Androgen treatment enhanced ar expression levels and the ar signal was stronger in the UGP region of both adult breeding fish and androgen-treated juvenile fish. This study provides insights into the regulation of the external genitalia of black rockfish and presents vital information for the artificial breeding of viviparous fish.
Smoothened mediates medaka spermatogonia proliferation via Gli1–Rgcc–Cdk1 axis
Authors: Zhao Changle , Liu Xiang , Liu Lei , Li Jianeng , Liu Xingyong , Tao Wenjing , Wang Deshou , Wei Jing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The proliferation of spermatogonia directly affects spermatogenesis and male fertility, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, Smoothened (Smo), the central transducer of Hedgehog signaling pathway, was characterized in medaka (Oryzias latipes), and its role and underlying mechanisms in the proliferation of spermatogonia were investigated. Smo was highly expressed in spermatogonia. In ex vivo testicular organ culture and a spermatogonial cell line (SG3) derived from medaka mature testis, Smo activation promoted spermatogonia proliferation, while its inhibition induced apoptosis. The expression of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (gli1) and regulator of cell cycle (rgcc) was significantly upregulated in SG3 after Smo activation. Furthermore, Gli1 transcriptionally upregulated the expression of rgcc, and Rgcc overexpression rescued cell apoptosis caused by Smo or Gli1 inhibition. Co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that Rgcc could interact with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) to regulate the cell cycle of spermatogonia. Collectively, our study firstly reveals that Smo mediates the proliferation of spermatogonia through Gli1–Rgcc–Cdk1 axis. In addition, Smo and Gli1 are necessary of the survival of spermatogonia. This study deepens our understanding of spermatogonia proliferation and survival at the molecular level, and provides insights into male fertility control and reproductive disease treatment.