bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genderkompetenz messen – Erfassung der situationsbezogenen Fähigkeiten von Lehrpersonen in Bezug auf genderrelevante Aspekte im Physikunterricht
Authors: Atanasova Sanja , Robin Nicolas , Brovelli Dorothee 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungGendersensibel zu unterrichten ist insbesondere in männlich konnotierten Fächern wie Physik eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Lehrpersonen sind gefordert, vorherrschenden Geschlechterstereotypen und Genderungerechtigkeiten entgegenzuwirken und den Unterricht so zu gestalten, dass er alle Geschlechter anspricht und fördert. Zudem sollten Lehrpersonen auch kritische genderrelevante Aspekte im Unterricht wahrnehmen und adäquat darauf regieren. Diese situationsbezogenen Fähigkeiten werden als wichtiger Bestandteil der Genderkompetenz von Lehrpersonen angesehen. Sie sind im Zusammenhang mit der Überwindung der geschlechtsbezogenen Disparitäten im Physikunterricht von besonderem Interesse. Bislang fehlt es aber an geeigneten Instrumenten, um diese Fähigkeiten bei (angehenden) Lehrpersonen zu untersuchen. Deshalb wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ein textbasierter Vignettentest mit kritischen genderrelevanten Aspekten im Physikunterricht entwickelt. Die 16 kritischen Aspekte wurden theoriebasiert entwickelt und fokussieren vier Facetten eines gendersensiblen Physikunterrichts: (1) gendersensible Unterrichtsformen, (2) gendersensible Zugänge und Vermittlung von physikalischen Inhalten, (3) gendersensible Unterrichtsmaterialen und (4) gendersensible Feedbacks und Interaktionen. Mithilfe von Expert*innen (N = 6) wurde eine Befragung durchgeführt, um die inhaltliche Validität des Vignettentests sicherzustellen. Zusätzlich wurde der Vignettentest mit angehenden Lehrpersonen (N = 41) erprobt. Die Inhaltsvalidität wurde anhand des Content Validity Index (CVI) auf Item- (I-CVI) und Skalenebene (S-CVI) berechnet, sowie unter Einbezug des modifizierten Kappa-Koeffizienten (k*). Insgesamt kann im vorgestellten Vignettentest von einer sehr guten Inhaltsvalidität, im Sinne einer hohen Relevanz und Repräsentativität der genderrelevanten Aspekte, ausgegangen werden. Mit diesem Instrument wird ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehrpersonenausbildung geleistet, in dem die Auseinandersetzung und Erforschung von genderrelevanten Aspekten im naturwissenschaftlichen Bereich ermöglicht wird.
Depth Estimation Based on Monocular Camera Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles: A Self-supervised Learning Approach
Authors: Li Guofa , Chi Xingyu , Qu Xingda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstimating depth from images captured by camera sensors is crucial for the advancement of autonomous driving technologies and has gained significant attention in recent years. However, most previous methods rely on stacked pooling or stride convolution to extract high-level features, which can limit network performance and lead to information redundancy. This paper proposes an improved bidirectional feature pyramid module (BiFPN) and a channel attention module (Seblock: squeeze and excitation) to address these issues in existing methods based on monocular camera sensor. The Seblock redistributes channel feature weights to enhance useful information, while the improved BiFPN facilitates efficient fusion of multi-scale features. The proposed method is in an end-to-end solution without any additional post-processing, resulting in efficient depth estimation. Experiment results show that the proposed method is competitive with state-of-the-art algorithms and preserves fine-grained texture of scene depth.
ConsenTrack—Blockchain Based Framework for Open Banking Consent Data Tracking
Authors: Ghosh Abir , Mukhopadhyay Indraneel , Chakraborty Subhalaxmi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConsent management is most critical part of open banking. Customers, banks, third party service providers, regulators are various parties involved into this process. The recent data shows that open banking has not been greatly accepted yet by customers to the fullest capability. Recent surveys conducted on usage of open banking indicates the discomfort in customer mind about data sharing. Blockchain based framework implementation can bring the required transparency into the consent management process. To achieve that Blockchain technology needs to be embraced by banks and Third party providers (TPPs) to provide customers the open banking services in transparent manner. A blockchain based framework which can be easily integrated into banks’ existing technology landscape thus becomes need of the hour. Consortium permissioned blockchain based framework implemented in Corda is suggested in this paper which addresses challenges faced by customers and it tracks data sharing violation for communicating to customers. Data sharing between bank and TPPs happen as node to node transaction and regulatory bodies can have tracking of every such transactions as owner of Notary node. Based on the legal contract between bank and TPP, framework compares and finds out in real time if any data sharing violation happening. Real-time tracking of data sharing violation and communication to customer provides transparency into the framework which will boost customer confidence and trust into the system. Regulatory bodies need to actively own this part to share information with customers about the data handling if there is any violation.
Dynamics throughout a complete surge of Iceberg Glacier on western Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian High Arctic
Authors: Lauzon Benoît , Copland Luke , Van Wychen Wesley , Kochtitzky William , McNabb Robert , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study provides the first comprehensive reconstruction of the dynamics of Iceberg Glacier, located on western Axel Heiberg Island, and reveals detailed observations of a complete surge for the first time in the Canadian Arctic. Historical aerial photographs, declassified intelligence satellite photographs, optical satellite imagery and synthetic aperture radar data were used to quantify changes in terminus position, ice velocity and glacier thickness since the 1950s. A surge initiated at the terminus in 1981 and terminated in 2003, suggesting a 22-year active phase. High surface velocities, reaching ~2300 m a−1 in 1991, were accompanied by a maximum terminus advance of >7 km and a large transfer of mass down-glacier, causing significant median trunk-wide surface elevation changes attaining >3 ± 1 m a−1. We suggest that the retreat from a pinning point, flotation of the terminus, the removal of sea-ice from the ice front, and an increase in subglacial meltwater availability from relatively high air temperatures in 1981 likely contributed to surge initiation. The ensuing quiescent period has seen a continual decrease in surface flow rates to an average centreline velocity of 11.5 m a−1 in 2020–21, a gradual steepening of the glacier surface and a > 2.5 km terminus retreat.
The geography and progression of blowouts in the coastal dunes along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan since 1938
Authors: McKeehan Kevin G. , Arbogast Alan F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoastal dunes along Lake Michigan's eastern shoreline are a unique system comprising perhaps the largest complex of freshwater coastal dunes in the world. Here, we examine the blowouts in this region and determine how they have evolved since the 1930s. We conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of 435 blowouts by comparing repeat aerial images of the coast beginning in 1938. Using an unsupervised machine learning classification known as iso-clustering, we mapped blowout morphologies at three timestamps: 1938, 1986–1988, and 2018. We then compared the blowout geographies through a technique known as a spatial-temporal analysis of moving polygons (STAMP) model, which allowed us to analyze how each blowout changed in time and space. Results show blowouts have contracted ~37% in size since 1938, mostly at the expense of vegetation, with many fragmenting. These findings comport with other regional and global studies detailing a trend in coastal dune stabilization from vegetation and suggest that an increase in precipitation or other environment drivers could be responsible. Moreover, we detected no new blowouts since 1938 along the ~500 km shoreline or on any of the Lake Michigan islands. This suggests blowouts here are artifacts of premodern conditions, perhaps the result of prior stormier or drier eras.
PURPLE WOOL: THE IMPERIAL TEXTURE OF TRIMALCHIO'S DOMESTIC JURISDICTION
Authors: Donati Laura 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article offers a new interpretation of the theme of servile ‘crime and punishment’ in the Cena Trimalchionis. Focussing on scenes that directly involve the dinner host, it argues that the domestic justice system that they flesh out adds nuance to the satirical bite of the episode. An initial overview of the instances of ‘crime and punishment’ involving enslaved characters demonstrates how these scenes parade not just Trimalchio's wealth but his masterly power overreaching that of private domini. While previous scholarship understood Trimalchio's questionable chastisements as indicative of this parvenu's pretensions, this article shows that they cumulatively develop an image of a jumbled execution of justice—brought to life through the presence of state functionaries, judicial infrastructures and penalties normally executed by the state. The climax of this image is hidden in plain sight, in a hitherto underappreciated scene involving purple wool (54.3–5), discussion of which proves in conclusion that the instances of servile ‘crime and punishment’ craftily build a subplot that plays on the freedman's imperial authority. The imperial matrix already recognized in several dimensions of the Cena in earlier scholarship unmistakably characterizes Trimalchio's domestic jurisdiction too; arbitrary and unfair, it offers biting comment on the state of Roman justice during the Principate with the progressive channelling of justice through the sole authority of the emperor. In sum, the servile ‘crime and punishment’ theme works as a fierce attack on the imperial government, encouraging broader reconsideration of the target of Petronius’ satirical pen.
Is God's prescription of eternal hell for kâfirūn (infidels) in the Quran evil? Contesting Aijaz's understanding of kufr (infidelity) and an analysis of eternal punishment in the Quran
Authors: Ünügür Tabur Ayşenur 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article concerns the problem of eternal hell in Islam as an aporetic problem of evil with a focus on Aijaz's description of the Islamic soteriology. I contest his description of Islamic culpability and his claim that all non-Muslims are regarded as kâfir and consigned to eternal hell. First, I aim to illustrate the pitfalls in his line of argumentation such as crude generalizations and selective reading of the Islamic sources, which seem to render his argument a strawman fallacy. I offer a more accurate analysis of the Islamic view, by arguing that only a limited group of people who fight against truth through evil actions are considered as kâfir. Second, building on my analysis of the notion of kâfir, I address the question whether God's perfect love and wisdom are compatible with limited salvific exclusivism. Thus, I aim to elaborate on the rationale behind the prescription of eternal punishment for the kâfir in the Quran in the rest of the article, by arguing that the kâfir is incapable of genuine repentance due to his character formed by his free choices. This, in turn, makes it impossible to achieve retributive justice through a finite punishment concerning the kâfir's evil actions.
The power of rap in music education: a study of undergraduate students’ original rap creations
Authors: McElroy Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn undergraduate music class was examined that incorporated the creation of students’ individual original raps. Research was conducted to understand the value of studying rap and its impact upon students’ education. This instrumental case study utilised students’ individual raps as an art-based research component to address three research questions: 1.) How, if at all, does studying hip-hop through the creation of a rap provide a transformative experience and growth in students? 2.) How are student experiences reflected in the use of music composition through the creation of an original rap? and 3.) How does the process of creating an original rap provide insight into students’ experiences?
Role of horizontal gene transfers and microbial ecology in the evolution of fluxes through the tricarboxylic acid cycle
Authors: Sokolskyi Tymofii , DasSarma Shiladitya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe origin of carbon fixation is a fundamental question in astrobiology. While the Calvin cycle is the most active on the modern Earth, the reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (rTCA) pathway for carbon fixation has been proposed to have played an important role in early evolution. In this study, we examined the evolution of key enzymes in the rTCA, which are rare in extant organisms, occurring in a few groups of Bacteria and Archaea. We investigated one of the least common reactions of this pathway, cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, which can be performed by either a two-enzyme system (CCS/CCL) or a single enzyme (ACL) that is assumed to be the result of fusion of the two active sites into a single polypeptide. For broader context, we also studied functionally diverged homologues of these enzymes, succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) and citrate synthase. Our phylogenetic analysis of these enzymes in Bacteria and Archaea shows that SCS, a homologue of CCS from distant bacterial taxa capable of citrate cleavage, are monophyletic, suggesting linked horizontal gene transfers of SCS and citrate cleavage enzymes. We also found evidence of the horizontal transfer of SCS from a clade of anaerobic Archaea (Archaeoglobi, Methanomicrobia or Crenarchaeota) to an ancestor of Cyanobacteria/Melainabacteria clade – both of which share a succinate semialdehyde shunt in their oxidative TCA cycles. We identified new bacterial and archaeal taxa for which complete rTCA cycles are theoretically possible, including Syntrophobacter, Desulfofundulus, Beggiatoa, Caldithrix, Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterales and Ca. Micrarchaeota. Finally, we propose a mechanism for syntrophically-regulated fluxes through oxidative and rTCA reactions in microbial communities particularly Haloarchaea-Nanohaloarchaea symbiosis and its implications for carbon fixation during retinal-based phototrophy and the Purple Earth hypothesis. We discuss how the inclusion of an ecological perspective in the studies of evolution of ancient metabolic pathways may be beneficial to understanding the origin of life.
Emergent Constraint for Future Decline in Arctic Phytoplankton Concentration
Authors: Noh Kyung Min , Lim Hyung‐Gyu , Yang Eun Jin , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the Arctic Ocean has experienced continuous warming and freshening, affecting biogeochemical factors such as nutrient supply, light availability, chlorophyll, and productivity. While Arctic marine productivity is projected to increase due to the expansion of the open ocean and increased chlorophyll concentration, uncertainties related to chlorophyll and nutrients may distract the fidelity of productivity in current Earth system models (ESMs). Here, we analyze the existing uncertainty in the Arctic chlorophyll projections using the 26 ESMs participating in Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects 5 and 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6). We found that the uncertainty in the Arctic chlorophyll projections in the CMIP6 ESMs is greater than in the CMIP5 ESMs due to increasing uncertainty in the background nitrate concentration. A significant relationship between background nitrate and projected chlorophyll (r = 0.86) is demonstrated using the observational climatology of nitrate. Based on this strong relationship, the emergent constraint is applied to reduce the uncertainty of future chlorophyll projections. Declines in chlorophyll concentration based on emergent constraint are estimated to be further decreased in the future (44.9% % to 50.9% %) than at present, which is about three‐fold larger than the multi‐model mean projection (−13.5% %). Comparing cumulative density functions before and after the emergent constraint, the probability of the decreasing chance of chlorophyll is increased by approximately 36% from 60% in prior CMIP5,6 to 93%–96% after constraint. Our results imply that reducing the uncertainty in background nitrate concentration can improve the fidelity of future projections of the Arctic ecosystem in the ESMs.
Lithium Isotope Fractionation During Intensive Felsic Magmatic Differentiation
Authors: Yang Jie‐Hua , Chen Heng , Zhou Mei‐Fu , Hu Rui‐Zhong , Williams‐Jones Anthony E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Xihuashan and Yaogangxian granitic plutons in South China comprise highly evolved multiphase Li‐rich granites and host quartz‐vein‐type tungsten deposits. The δ7Li values of Phase A (early stage), B (middle stage), and C (late stage) from the Xihuashan pluton are 1.0–1.2‰, 1.1–3.0‰, and 2.4–2.8‰ respectively, increasing through chemical evolution. The granites from the Yaogangxian pluton also display gradually enriched in heavy Li isotopes in a later stage, although systematically lighter than those of the Xihuashan pluton. In both plutons, the δ7Li shows good correlations with SiO2 and Li concentrations as well as Rb/Sr, Nb/Ta, and Zr/Hf ratios, indicating Li isotopic fractionation most likely caused by magmatic differentiation. In situ analyses show that the minerals of Xihuashan pluton record a continuous elemental spectrum, reflecting the results of progressive magmatic differentiation. The δ7Li values of quartz, feldspar, mica, and zircon all correlate well with the chemical evolutions of granitic magma, systematically elevated in Phases B and C relative to Phase A. The Li isotope data of the mineral separates further document that the enrichment of 7Li in the residual melt was most likely due to the equilibrium fractionation between the mineral and melts. The data are interpreted to reflect that intense magmatic differentiation was responsible for Li isotopic variations coupled with the enrichment in the Li, F, P, and rare metals in the late‐phase granites of the Xihuashan pluton. The lithium isotope behavior documented in this study provides new insights into magmatic differentiation and associated rare‐metal mineralization.
Edge‐Driven Convection Melting Before the Emplacement of the Afar Mantle Plume Head Inferred From 40Ar/39Ar Dating
Authors: Yoshimura Yutaka , Ishizuka Osamu , Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Ahn Hyeon‐Seon , Kidane Tesfaye , Yamamoto Yuhji , Sekimoto Shun , Sano Takashi , Otofuji Yo‐ichiro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Ethiopia‐Yemen flood basalts are spatially zoned with progressively lower TiO2 lavas from near the Afar depression toward the margins. The timing and rate of emplacement of low TiO2 (LT) lavas are poorly known compared with the ultra‐high TiO2 (HT2) lavas. We measured two high‐precision 40Ar/39Ar ages of 29.63 ± 0.14 and 30.02 ± 0.22 Ma (2σ) from basalts of the 2‐km‐thick LT lava sequence at the Afar plume head margin. Using our eruption age model constructed from our and previous 40Ar/39Ar ages with the paleomagnetic directions, we estimate that the LT lava eruption continued over Chrons C12r‐C12n‐C11r. The eruption of the plume head margin started earlier than the plume head axis emplacement in C12n. Also, the eruption rate was low at the margin, high at the axis. We estimate that the LT lavas are induced by the edge‐driven convection, the result of a plume‐lithosphere interaction, not a plume head.
National‐Scale Assessment of Total Gaseous Mercury Isotopes Across the United States
Authors: Tate Michael T. , Janssen Sarah E. , Lepak Ryan F. , Flucke Laura , Krabbenhoft David P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the 2011 promulgation of the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the successful negotiation by the United Nations Environment Program of the Minamata Convention, emissions of mercury (Hg) have declined in the United States. While the declines in atmospheric Hg concentrations in North America are encouraging, linking the declines to changing domestic and global source portfolios remains challenging. To address these research gaps, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated the first national‐scale effort to establish a baseline of total gaseous mercury stable isotope values at 31 sites distributed across the United States. Results indicated that unique Hg sources, such as Hg evasion from an elemental Hg contaminated site or free tropospheric intrusions in high altitude sites, were distinguishable from background atmospheric values. Minor gradients were observed across the nation, with regions of heavy industrial activity demonstrating lower δ202Hg, but no consistent changes in other isotopes such as Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg were observed. Furthermore, δ202Hg was impacted by foliar uptake and senescence but trends varied between forested regions in the northeastern and midwestern United States. These data demonstrate regional emission sources and other environmental variables can impact total gaseous Hg (TGM) isotope values, highlighting the need to characterize atmospheric Hg isotopes over larger geographical areas to evaluate changes related to national and international Hg regulations.
Basin Crustal Structure at the Multiring Basin Transition
Authors: Bjonnes Evan , Johnson Brandon C. , Andrews‐Hanna Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo impact basins on the Moon—Freundlich‐Sharonov and Hertzsprung—are nearly the same size but exhibit different surface morphologies and subsurface structures. Gravity data reveal a bench‐like transitional structure in the crust‐mantle interface between the outer ring and the inner basin cavity in Hertzsprung, unlike that beneath both Freundlich‐Sharonov and larger multi‐ring basins. We use iSALE‐2D to model the formation of impact basins into a 40‐km thick pre‐impact crust with a range of thermal conditions to understand the divergent development of these basins and gain insight into the factors affecting whether a basin forms with a peak‐ring or multiring basin structure. We find that thermal gradients of at least 30 K/km result in Freundlich‐Sharonov‐type basins, in agreement with previous work. Cooler thermal gradients of approximately 15–20 K/km are needed to develop Hertzsprung‐like multiring basins with observed bench‐like structures in the crust‐mantle topography. We find that for cooler models, the bench structure develops early in the cratering process as a rotated inner normal fault cutting the crust‐mantle interface, whereas models with higher thermal gradients instead develop diffuse deformation zones instead of a discrete inner fault. The peak rings of both basins develop later in the cratering process as the collapsed central uplift. These results highlight the complex interplay between a strong lithosphere needed to develop ring faults and accessible ductile rocks that facilitate multiring basin formation. The varying thermal conditions giving rise to Hertzsprung and Freundlich‐Sharonov impact basins may be a possible constraint on the lunar cooling rate and chronology.