bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OLDER, ENTITLED, & EXTREMELY OUT-OF-TOUCH: DOES “OK, BOOMER” SIGNIFY THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW OLDER ADULT STEREOTYPE?
Authors: Frey Katelyn , Bisconti Toni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
“OK, Boomer” is a phrase used online by younger adults to dismiss an older person for their perceived out-of-touch or offensive beliefs (Lorenz, 2019). An initial study utilizing content analysis techniques with a younger adult sample (N = 316) explored how two theoretical frameworks from the age stereotype literature, the Stereotype Content Model (Fiske et al., 2002) and Hummert et al.’s (1994) age stereotype categories, could explain this phenomenon and the enduring online references to “Boomers.” We found that neither theory adequately captured how younger adults view the titular “Boomer;” the low-competence/low-warmth quadrant of the Stereotype Content Model was the only quadrant with support (N = 32), albeit not a large amount, whereas the age stereotype category data revealed that “Boomers” partially overlapped with elements of the “Shrew/Curmudgeon,” the “Severely Impaired,” and the “John Wayne Conservative” to varying degrees. This necessitated a second study that used an open-ended, interpretative phenomenological analysis approach to better understand younger adults’ perceived age-related stereotypes of “Boomers.” Results identified seven unique characteristics ascribed to “Boomers” and older people in general: closed-minded, argumentative, out-of-touch, offensive, critical, nostalgic, and/or conservative, all of which seem to possess a decidedly hostile ageist undertone. Future work should examine exactly how synonymous “Boomers” are with older adulthood, the potential underlying hostile and/or benevolent ageism associated with using this phrase, and how derogatory age-based internet jargon influences age stereotype development and intergenerational relations given the heightened ageism following the COVID-19 pandemic.
NOT ONE AND THE SAME: VARIED EXPERIENCES OF BENEVOLENT AGEISM IN OLDER ADULTHOOD
Authors: Sublett Jennifer , Bisconti Toni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior work has explored benevolent and hostile attitudes toward older adults (Chasteen & Cary, 2015) and their paternalistic, mixed incompetent-warm perceptions within the Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske et al., 2002); however, older adults’ perspectives of these attitudes have not received similar attention. This study assessed older adults’ experiences with benevolent and hostile ageism using an adapted version of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale (AAS; Cary et al., 2017; α=.85) and using a mean split, examined if there are differences among the younger- and older-older adults. Within a sample of older adults (Nf202) that ranged in age from 65–90 (M=71.6), we found that when comparing those aged 65–70 and 71 and above, those who were older (M=1.76, SD=.44) reported more experiences with benevolent ageism than their younger counterparts (M=1.56, SD=.42), t(200)=3.30, p =.001). These groups did not significantly differ in hostile ageism, t(200)= -.05, p = .96. When participants were asked why they have been treated thusly as described by the AAS items, 18% of the participants believed it was due to their age, in comparison to those who attributed it to personality (41%), gender (9%), or unknown factors (11%). Benevolent ageism is clearly not a monolithic experience for older adults as those who are older report more patronization, and not all participants felt age was the defining reason for their treatment. Further work should assess how these experiences are qualitatively different across diverse age groups of older adults, as ageism reduction interventions may need to be tailored appropriately.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ATTITUDES TOWARDS AGING AND CLINICAL DECISIONS AMONGST INTERNAL MEDICINE RESIDENTS
Authors: Schell Brent , Carr Megan , Katz Jesse , Hasan Maryam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been shown that physicians-in-training can develop negative attitudes towards caring for older patients. Little is known about how these attitudes develop throughout training or if they are associated with ageist clinical decisions. In this pilot study, Internal Medicine (IM) residents completed the Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA-12) survey, a validated instrument that assesses expectations regarding physical health, mental health, and cognitive function in older adults. Residents then completed a survey that included simulated clinical scenarios as part of an educational intervention on Ageism. Of the 72 residents invited to participate, 48 residents (67%) completed the ERA-12 survey. Responses were obtained from all training levels including 24 PGY-1 (50%), 10 PGY-2 (21%), and 14 PGY-3 (29%). When grouped by training year, there were no statistically significant differences found with regards to total ERA-12 scores or expectations regarding physical health, cognitive function, or mental health of older adults. When grouped by responses to clinical scenarios, residents with more biased clinical responses were associated with lower total ERA scores (73 vs. 91, p = 0.015). Those with lower total ERA scores indicated they were inclined to initiate CODE STATUS discussions earlier with older adults and were less inclined to consider coexisting depression. Despite limitations in sample size and the subjective nature of simulated clinical scenarios, this pilot study suggests a possible association between expectations regarding aging and clinical decision-making. More research is needed to assess the strength of this association and if it can be modified through educational initiatives.
MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT HOMEBOUND STATUS IN OLDER ADULTS USING CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING DATASET
Authors: Khan Shehroz , Cui Can (Shirley) , Iaboni Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Individuals who are unable to leave their home or with great difficulty are considered homebound or semi-homebound. Homebound status is strongly associated with disability, social isolation, healthcare use and costs, and mortality. Most homebound older adults have multiple chronic conditions and poor health. There is not enough information about homebounded older adults in Canada. The Comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) presents an excellent opportunity to study the complex factors associated with homebound status and the interplay between physical, social, psychological, and environmental determinants over time. This is a population-level study which makes use of provincial healthcare registration data to sample older adults across the country. We obtained the first wave of CLSA dataset containing samples from 21667 individuals over 3223 variables. We developed a definition of ‘homeboundedness’ in using life-space index variables present in the CLSA datatset. The dataset contained numerical, categorical and missing values. After preprocessing, we selected 1101 Homebound and 20521 Non-Homebound individuals, and 1771 variables. We showed that Random Forest classifier (with missing values) provided an AUC ROC and PR of 0.89 and 0.49. The missing value imputation did not improve the results significantly. Using feature hashing, we converted the dataset to numerical values; the AUCs improved to 0.96 and 0.71 at the cost of losing interpretation. In future, we will consult clinical experts in choosing the relevant features and use analytical methods to select features and compare. We will also test these predictive models on the next wave of this dataset.
GEOGRAPHIC AVAILABILITY OF SUBSIDIZED SENIOR HOUSING AND NEIGHBORHOOD DISPARITIES IN MISSOURI
Authors: Ryu Byeongju , Baek Jihye , Park Sojung , Chun Yung , Amano Takashi , Kim BoRin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Subsidized senior housing (SSH) provides an affordable option to low-income older adults for economic stability and aging-in-place. To date, limited attention has been given to the geographic availability of SSH and its relation to neighborhood characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic characteristics and availability of supportive services). The current study aims to describe (1) the availability of government-subsidized senior housing (SSH-availability) in Missouri and examine (2) to what extent the housing availability is associated with county-level neighborhood characteristics. First, SSH-availability in each county was measured with the number of subsidized units for older adults divided by the eligible population (i.e., aged 65 or over, income below poverty level, and spending 30% or more of income on housing). The Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to examine the distribution of SSH in Missouri. Second, based on existing literature, we used principal component analysis with multiple indicators to create two neighborhood characteristics (i.e., socioeconomic deprivation and health and social service indices). Non-parametric bivariate analyses (Kruskal-Wallis tests) were conducted with the availability quartiles and each index. Our findings showed that in 66 counties (57% of entire counties in Missouri), SSH-availability was below 20%. Bivariate analyses showed SSH-availability was significantly associated with both neighborhood characteristics: counties with higher SSH-availability were more likely to be socioeconomically deprived and face a lack of health and social services. The current study suggests the government should address the geographic disparities in SSH for low-income older adults. Also, more supportive services are needed around SSH to facilitate aging-in-place of vulnerable older adults.
THE IMPACTS OF NURSING HOME COVID-19 SOCIAL ISOLATION POLICIES ON RESIDENTS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Buron Bill , Killian Tim , Eng Cassy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using reports from 31 nursing home activity directors (AD) from across the United States, we examined responses to COVID-19 social isolation policies/practices in relation to AD’s perceptions of the impact on residents living with dementia (RLWD). AD’s perceptions are particularly valuable because they are generally responsible for bolstering social connectedness. We approached this study from the sociological perspective of personhood (Buron, 2008; Kitwood, 1997) that suggests social isolation may threaten personhood status, lead to increased agitation, and other behaviors as mechanisms to preserve self. Most ADs reported that social isolation protocols began in March 2020 and were still ongoing through the beginning of 2022. Over 90% reported a 50% or more reduction in family member/guest visits, with over 30% reporting a 90% or more reduction in visits. Systemic content analyses were applied to open-ended responses. These patterns suggested ADs had concerns about (1) poor quality care as a result of a) a reduced workforce leading to caregiver burnout, and b) less accountability of caregivers (to families/visitors in their absence) for resident care, and (2) increasing signs of depression and negative behaviors among RLWD. Some ADs felt that Isolation policies disrupted routines of RLWD, leading to confusion and a greater progression of their dementia. Some ADs felt the need to “fill-in” as an attempt to make up for the loss of interactions with family members. The results of this study indicate a need to consider future pandemic policies and potential impacts on residents living with dementia in nursing home settings.
THE IMPACT OF 12 WEEKS OF ADAPTED DANCE ON BALANCE, GAIT, AND LOWER EXTREMITY FUNCTION AMONG PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Quijano Keara , Bennett Crystal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Person’s living with dementia commonly experience difficulty with mobility. Difficulties with these activities can lead to an increased fall risk, resulting in an increased loss of independence. Dance engages various parts of the brain including the cerebellum that is primarily involved in coordinating balance, posture, body positioning, and voluntary movement. An aim of this study was to assess whether 12 weeks of adapted dance improves balance, usual walking speed, and lower extremity function among persons living with dementia. An experimental design was used to randomly assign persons with dementia to either a 12-week adapted dance or social stimulation group. The convenience sample consisted of 12 participants, ages ranging from 62–97 years. The adapted dance is low impact where one foot is always in contact with the floor and is appropriate for older adults with cognitive and physical limitations. At baseline and at 12 weeks, measures of balance, gait, and lower extremity function were assessed. From baseline to posttest, the dance group had greater increased times for maintaining tandem balance (+47.5%) and faster times for usual gait speeds (+15.1%); compared with the social stimulation group tandem balance time (+0.98%) and usual gait speed times (+10.5%). A limitation of this study is the small sample size.
R1P DISPERSION IN WHITE MATTER CORRELATES WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Adelnia Fatemeh , Davis Taylor , Acosta Lealani Mae , Puckett Amanda , Wang Feng , Zu Zhongliang , Harkins Kevin , Gore John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer‘s disease is the most frequent form of dementia in older adults and has a total estimated worldwide cost that rises to $2 trillion by 2030. Much previous neuroimaging research in AD has focused on the roles of amyloid and tau proteins using PET, but there have also been several studies that have implicated microvascular changes as an early indicator of damage related to later dementia. Here, we developed and refined a non-invasive 3D-R1ρ dispersion imaging technique using different locking fields to quantify microvasculature changes within brain tissues in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to healthy controls. The fractional difference in R1ρ comparing different locking fields provides a unique way of characterizing changes in the geometry and structure of microvasculature. After providing informed consent, 40 adults aged 62 to 82 years (n=17MCI) underwent cognitive assessments and MRI scan at 3T. We found the fractional change in R1ρ of the whole brain white matter is significantly greater in persons with MCI, and the correlation remained significant (ß=-0.4, p-value=0.01) after introducing age (ß=0.2, p-value=0.2) and sex (ß=-0.1, p-value=0.5) as covariates. The white matter hypertonicity lesion volume measured from conventional MRI was also correlated with the health status (p-value &lt; 0.05); however, the size of the regression coefficient was substantially smaller (53% lower), and it was no longer significant (p-value=0.14) after adjusting for age and sex. This work establishes a new non-invasive method that can potentially characterize changes in microvasculature anatomy with the progression of cognitive impairment regardless of an age effect.
PREDICTING DYADIC RELATIONSHIP STRAIN IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: MacNeil Amanda , Judge Katherine , Bass David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent literature has addressed the perceptions of individuals with dementia to understand how they experience their illness, with evidence suggesting these perceptions are impactful. Few studies, however, have used a conceptual model to explore different aspects of the illness. One aspect to consider is dyadic relationship strain, or feelings of tension, manipulation, and stress between the individual and caregiver. Little work has addressed this strain from the perspective of the individual with dementia who may have different feelings about the quality of the relationship. Cognition and function are two hallmark symptoms in dementia, however little work has addressed how the perception of these two areas impacts the illness experience. Perceptions of difficulties in these two areas may impact dyadic relationship strain as they necessitate increased care and changes in the relationship. Guided by the Stress Process Model for Individuals with Dementia, this study assessed potential predictors of dyadic relationship strain, finding personal activities of daily living (PADLs) to be impactful. In a multiple regression, PADLS (b=.319, p = 02) predicted strain above and beyond two measures of cognition: objective cognitive impairment (b =-.011, p =.93) and perceived memory difficulty (b=.003, p=.311) suggesting that perceived function is impactful for dyadic relationship strain. Because PADLS include more hands-on assistance, the perception of difficulty may create more feelings of embarrassment or stress and impact the perception of relationship strain. Future intervention work may target perceptions of function to improve the dyadic relationship by using techniques such as open communication about difficulties.
PARTNERING WITH DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS TO DEVELOP AND REFINE THE ENACT INTERVENTION
Authors: Eaton Jacqueline , Neller Sarah , Cajavilca Moroni Fernandez , Johnson Julene , Ellington Lee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The behavioral symptoms of dementia negatively affect family caregivers. Several interventions have been developed to support caregiver needs, and evidence suggests improved outcomes when interventions actively engage caregivers. However, the strategies to implement active engagement techniques have not been sufficiently studied. Enhancing Active Caregiver Training (EnACT) is an arts-based intervention aimed at actively engaging dementia caregivers as they view and interact with participant-informed vignettes that portray caregiving experiences. We conducted a series of three iterative focus groups with dementia caregivers (n=9) to identify scenarios and refine activities for inclusion within the EnACT intervention. We analyzed the data in three cycles, using structural, descriptive, and pattern coding. From the first focus group, we coded 182 items as what went well, illustrating how caregivers resonated with video content, applied scenarios to individual experiences, and appreciated the “informative” vignettes that facilitated learning, processing, and awareness of the realities of caregiving. We coded 42 items as needing to change, including considerations for caregiver impact, confusing components, accessibility, and missing content. Participants identified eight specific vignettes that resonated and focused on the topics of respite, behavioral symptoms, validation, burnout, and communication. Intervention revisions were made based on focus group feedback, including: 1) selecting video vignettes for intervention use and 2) creating an index of vignette topics to facilitate multiple discussion pathways to align with dementia caregiver training and support groups. Partnering with dementia caregivers has the potential to make intervention activities engaging and applicable to participant needs.
NUMBER OF CHILDREN AND RISK OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND DEMENTIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE UK BIOBANK
Authors: Zhang Yan , Fletcher Jason 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study uses a large-scale dataset of half a million respondents aged 39–73 from the UK Biobank to examine how parity (i.e., number of children) may influence parents’ risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and dementia (AD/D). We use respondents’ (i.e., children’s) reports of their parents’ dementia status as the outcome variable. 38,040 respondents in the sample reported that their mother had AD/D, and 20,304 respondents reported their fathers had AD/D. Fixed effects logistic regression models suggest that compared to parents who had one child, high parity (&gt; 4 kids) is associated with a lower risk of AD/D for both mothers and fathers. Moreover, as the parity increases, the protective effects become larger. This study advances prior dementia literature with two contributions. Methodologically, largely representative AD/D cases can increase the power of analysis. Also, children’s reported AD/D cases are very likely through the observation of parents’ entire life span, which can reduce misclassification of AD/D status and measurement errors from selective samples or self-reported cases. Empirically, this study provides important evidence suggesting protective effects of high parity on the risk of AD/D for both fathers and mothers. It implies that parity, as one of the life course contexts, may link to the risk of dementia in later life. More future work is needed to explore potential mechanisms.
LONELINESS IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH EXERCISE AND SLEEP APNEA IN OLDER WOMEN AT RISK FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Danish Madina , Shepherd Alyx , Lui Kitty , Malhotra Atul , Hartman Sheri , Lee Ellen , Sundermann Erin , Banks Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Modifiable risk factors (MRF) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include sedentary behavior, sleep apnea, and loneliness; however, how these MRFs influence one another is unclear. We examined correlations among loneliness, physical activity and sleep apnea among older women at higher risk for AD.

Methods
Data were collected as part of the Women: Inflammation and Tau Study, which recruits women age 65–85 with higher AD genetic risk and mild impairment on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Participants completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale and home sleep tests to derive the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI), a measure of sleep apnea severity. Women wore ActiGraph accelerometers for one week to measure average Moderate-Vigorous Activity per day (MVPA). We used Spearman correlation to examine the relationships among AHI, MVPA and Loneliness Scale score.

Results
Preliminary data were available for 12 women (mean age=72.4 [SD=2.8], 100% non-Hispanic White). MVPA ranged from 0.3–52.8 minutes (mean=9.38 [SD=14.1]; AHI ranged from 1.5–28.3 (mean=14.0 [SD=9.0] and Loneliness Scale score ranged from 0–34 (mean=9.8 [SD=x]). Significant, positive associations were observed between AHI and Loneliness (rho=.80, p=.006) and a moderate relationship at trend level was notable between higher MVPA and less Loneliness (rho=-9.53, p=.07). AHI did not relate to MVPA.

Conclusion
Results suggest that loneliness independently relate to both sleep apnea severity and sedentary behavior in older women. Combined interventions that target loneliness in addition to physical activity and sleep may be important in women at-risk for AD.
IMPLEMENTING VISUAL VIDEOS AND IMAGES WITH PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA IN CARE SETTINGS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Lok Karen , Wong Yi , Bayani Mario , Mann Jim , Berndt Annette , Wong Lily , Wang Carly , Pan Diane , Hung Lillian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is limited literature on using visual videos and images with people with dementia in care settings. We conducted a scoping review on this topic to fill this literature gap. Our scoping review adopted the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. We eventually included eleven papers for the review and conducted the content analysis. We found the facilitators for implementing visual videos and images with people with dementia in care settings: 1. Matching people’s interests 2. Being congruent with people’s cognitive abilities 3. Support from families and staff 4. Using in a group setting. We also found the barriers: 1. Staff is unwilling to support 2. Lack of resources 3. Not congruent with the cognitive or other abilities of the people. We found benefits of using visual videos and images with this population: 1. Encourage expression 2. Facilitate discussions with other people 3. Improve well-being. We also found drawbacks: the potential of arousing negative emotions and memories. We suggest future research should include the voices of people with dementia, staff should be trained to support the people in case negative memories and emotions are aroused, and there should be consideration of using visual videos and images to tackle isolation and loneliness in care settings. With these findings, this scoping review should shed light on implementing visual videos and images in care settings.