bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic peripheral nerve cross‐sectional area in adults, excluding median and ulnar nerves: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Eby Sarah F. , Teramoto Masaru , Lider Joshua , Lash Madison , Caragea Marc , Cushman Daniel M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAlthough electromyography remains the “gold standard” for assessing and diagnosing peripheral nerve disorders, ultrasound has emerged as a useful adjunct, providing valuable anatomic information. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the normative sonographic values for adult peripheral nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA).MethodsMedline and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for healthy adult peripheral nerve CSA, excluding the median and ulnar nerves. Data were meta‐analyzed, using a random‐effects model, to calculate the mean nerve CSA and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for each nerve at a specific anatomical location (= group).ResultsThirty groups were identified and meta‐analyzed, which comprised 16 from the upper extremity and 15 from the lower extremity. The tibial nerve (n = 2916 nerves) was reported most commonly, followed by the common fibular nerve (n = 2580 nerves) and the radial nerve (n = 2326 nerves). Means and 95% confidence interval (CIs) of nerve CSA for the largest number of combined nerves were: radial nerve assessed at the spiral groove (n = 1810; mean, 5.14 mm2; 95% CI, 4.33 to 5.96); common fibular nerve assessed at the fibular head (n = 1460; mean, 10.18 mm2; 95% CI, 8.91 to 11.45); and common fibular nerve assessed at the popliteal fossa (n = 1120; mean, 12.90 mm2; 95% CI, 9.12 to 16.68). Publication bias was suspected, but its influence on the results was minimal.DiscussionTwo hundred thirty mean CSAs from 15 857 adult nerves are included in the meta‐analysis. These are further categorized into 30 groups, based on anatomical location, providing a comprehensive reference for the clinician and researcher investigating adult peripheral nerve anatomy.
Energiespeicher: Aluminium statt Lithium
Authors: Wunderwald Ulrike , von Czarnecki Peter , Eckert Martin , Mukundan Charan , Frisch Gero , Drillet Jean‐François , Fuhrmann Felix , Jach Franziska 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLithiumfreie Systeme könnten helfen, den Bedarf an elektrochemischen Energiespeichern zu decken. Aluminium‐Graphit‐Batterien nutzen bieten eine hohe Leistungsdichte und sind langlebig. Sie sind allerdings noch in einer frühen Entwicklungsphase. Es fehlen etwa korrosionsfreie Elektrolyte.
Gefahrguttransport: Von Tallin bis Lissabon
Authors: Berg Patrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUm gefährliche Güter auf der Straße über Grenzen hinweg transportieren zu können, ohne dass sich dabei die Gesetzeslage ändert, gibt es seit 66 Jahren ein internationales Übereinkommen. Was es enthält und wann es angewendet werden muss.
A beam on elastic foundation method for predicting deflection of braced excavations considering uncertainties
Authors: Tang Cong , He Shu‐Yu , Zhou Wan‐Huan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPredicting wall deflection is important to provide a critical reference to evaluate the current construction conditions and prevent potential damage risks of adjacent facilities during excavations. This paper presents a combination of a beam on elastic foundation model (BEFM) and the Bayesian framework to realize effective probabilistic predictions of wall deflection at various depths in braced excavations. First, a finite element solving algorithm to calculate wall deflection for the BEFM is developed and incorporated into the Bayesian framework. Next, the most suitable distribution pattern for soil resistance and an appropriate set of uncertain parameters in the BEFM are determined through the application of the Bayesian model selection technique. Meanwhile, the uncertain parameters are updated. A prediction is then made using the optimal model and corresponding posterior probability distributions of the updated parameters at each stage. The parameter updating and prediction process are repeated as additional field observations become available during construction. The performance of the proposed method is examined using a field case study. The results show that this method provides a satisfactory approach to predict both the magnitudes and profile of deflection when considering uncertainties. Additionally, comparisons with a Bayesian updating framework using a surrogate model (i.e., the KJHH model) indicate higher updating efficiency of the developed method.
A C0 interior penalty method for the phase field crystal equation
Authors: Diegel Amanda E. , Sharma Natasha S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present a C0 interior penalty finite element method for the sixth‐order phase field crystal equation. We demonstrate that the numerical scheme is uniquely solvable, unconditionally energy stable, and convergent. We remark that the novelty of this paper lies in the fact that this is the first C0 interior penalty finite element method developed for the phase field crystal equation. Additionally, the error analysis presented develops a detailed methodology for analyzing time dependent problems utilizing the C0 interior penalty method. We furthermore benchmark our method against numerical experiments previously established in the literature.
A meshfree radial basis function method for simulation of multi‐dimensional conservation problems
Authors: Foy Brody H. , Burrage Kevin , Turner Ian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany computational fluid dynamics problems utilize finite volume frameworks for simulation, due to the simplifications provided by conservative formulation of the driving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, fluid dynamics applications can often involve temporal shifts in the domain structure—such as moving boundaries, or pore structure changes—requiring mesh adaptation throughout computation. These mesh adaptations often render classical numerical methods such as the finite volume method infeasible, due to their reliance on a well‐defined static mesh structure. This limitation has led to the development of a wide variety of meshless methods—techniques that can simulate PDEs without requiring a rigid connective structure between nodes. However, most meshless methods are typically based on finite element or finite difference formulations, and the limited number of meshless finite volume methods (MFVMs) either introduce a weak background mesh, or use weak‐form approximations that do not take full advantage of the strong conservative form of the driving equations. Addressing this gap within this study we outline a meshfree numerical scheme for simulation of partial different equations, based on strong‐form finite volume style formulations. Building upon the previously developed MFVM, this technique uses radial basis functions to interpolate the problem domain, and approximate fluxes in a disjoint finite volume scheme, removing reliance on a mesh structure. We present method derivation, including promising new techniques for enforcing boundary conditions in a meshless environment. Following this we discuss method accuracy and computational performance across a variety of problems in two and three dimensions. We then illustrate how this method may prove beneficial for applications in porous media modeling, and computational fluid dynamics. For completeness, we provide a sensitivity analysis of the method hyper‐parameters and investigate the conservative properties of the method. We also illustrate similarities of this approach to the widely used meshless point collocation methods. We close with a discussion of the strengths, limitations, and broader applicability of the technique.
Implications of deferred diagnosis of paediatric intracranial germ cell tumours
Authors: Partenope Cristina , Pozzobon Gabriella , Weber Giovanna , Carceller Fernando , Albanese Assunta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThis study analysed the clinical features of a cohort of children with intracranial germ cell tumours (IC‐GCTs). We retrospectively reviewed timelag between symptoms onset, clinic‐radiological findings, diagnosis and outcomes.MethodsSymptoms at diagnosis were divided into four groups: (1) raised intracranial pressure (RICP); (2) visual impairment; (3) endocrinopathies; (4) other. Total diagnostic interval (TDI), defined as the interval between symptom onset (including retrospective recall of symptoms) and definitive diagnosis of IC‐GCT, was calculated and compared to survival rates.ResultsOur cohort included 55 children with median follow‐up of 78.9 months (0.5–249.9). The majority (63.6%) had germinomas and 10.9% were metastatic at diagnosis. IC‐GCTs were suprasellar (41.8%), pineal (36.4%), bifocal (12.7%) or in atypical sites (9.1%). The most common presenting symptoms were related to RICP (43.6%); however, by the time of tumour diagnosis, 50.9% of patients had developed endocrine dysfunctions. All pineal GCTs manifested with RICP or visual impairment. All suprasellar GCTs presented with endocrinopathies. TDI ranged between 0.25 and 58.5 months (median 4 months). Pineal GCTs had the shortest TDI (median TDI 1 month versus 24 months in suprasellar GCTs, p < .001). TDI > 6 months was observed in 47.3% of patients and was significantly associated with endocrine presenting symptoms. No statistically significant difference was found in progression‐free survival and overall survival between patients with TDI > 6 months and with TDI ≤ 6 months.ConclusionApproximately half of the IC‐GCT patients in this cohort had TDI > 6 months. These presented mostly with endocrine deficits. TDI > 6 months was not associated with increased relapse or mortality rates.
Primary care providers’ comfort in caring for cancer survivors: Implications for risk‐stratified care
Authors: Nekhlyudov Larissa , Snow Craig , Knelson Lauren P. , Dibble Kate E. , Alfano Catherine M. , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPersonalized, risk‐stratified care aims to “right size” the involvement of primary care providers (PCPs), oncology and specialized practitioners in caring for cancer survivors. Our survey found limited comfort among PCPs in cancer surveillance and management of treatment‐related effects. In hypothetical case scenarios, PCPs reported least comfort in caring for a survivor of childhood cancer, followed by young adult‐onset cancer, and greater comfort in caring for a survivor of adult‐onset breast cancer. While education and training of PCPs is essential, risk‐stratification strategies need to identify patients who may transition to primary care and those who may require ongoing survivorship‐focused follow‐up.
Individual‐level behavioral interventions to support optimal development of children with sickle cell disease: A systematic review
Authors: Hoyt Catherine R , Hurwitz Sadie , Varughese Taniya E , Yaeger Lauren H , King Allison A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis review aimed to identify and describe individual‐level behavioral interventions for children 0–18 years of age with sickle cell disease (SCD). PRISMA guidelines were followed at each stage of this review. Twenty‐seven studies were included, representing six intervention types: disease knowledge (n = 7), self‐management (n = 7), pain management (n = 4), school functioning (n = 4), cognitive health (n = 4), and mental health (n = 2). Most interventions targeted older children (5+ years), while only two examined interventions for children 0–3 years. This review suggests that offering education about disease knowledge, self‐management, and pain management interventions can be beneficial for this population. Future research is needed to understand interventions to support young children and the impact of SCD on development.
Microwave absorption and bending properties of three‐dimensional gradient honeycomb woven composites
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Zhou Xinghai , Gao Yuan , Wu Liwei , Lyu Lihua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo avoid the narrow absorption bandwidth and delamination in uniform honeycomb composites, three‐dimensional (3D) gradient honeycomb composites were prepared through a vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. The 3D gradient honeycomb woven composite (3D GHWC) was made by using 3D gradient woven fabric with basalt and carbon fibers as reinforcement and epoxy resin mixed with carbon black and carbonyl iron powder as the matrix. For further optimization of the effective absorbing bandwidth and/or reflection loss (RL), especially at a specific incident angle, the type of absorbing agent and gradient honeycomb structure could be altered in the weaving process. The minimum RL value achieved by the 3D GHWC with 18.5‐mm thickness is −47 dB in the C band at a 30° incident angle using an Agilent vector network analyzer. In addition, the bending strength of the 3D GHWC with 18.5‐mm thickness reaches 101.7 MPa by a universal testing machine, which suggests excellent mechanical properties and ultra‐strong environmental adaptability of the 3D GHWC material. This work offers an adjustable method for the fabrication of microwave absorption (MA) composites, showing potential prospects in civilian and military MA applications.
Modification of nanofibrous scaffolds to mimic extracellular matrix in physical and chemical structuring
Authors: Jing Xin , Hu Xiangshu , Feng Peiyong , Liu Yuejun , Yang Jian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRegulating the surface chemistry and topography of the scaffolds is an effective way to improve the scaffolds' biocompatibility. A nanofibrous scaffold with topographical and chemical biomimicry to ECM was developed in this study. In which, PCL nanofibrous scaffold was employed as a substrate which was shish‐kebab structured first to provide the topographical similarity with ECM and then coated with polydopamine and arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) to endow the chemical biomimicry. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the successful grafting of RGD on the scaffolds. It was proved that the introduced shish‐kebab structure and grafted RGD not only enhanced the surface roughness but also improved the surface wettability of the nanofibrous scaffolds. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exhibited a more flourishing living state onto the modified scaffolds. Moreover, the present modification method was further employed to graft other bioactive molecules (VEGF) onto the scaffold to further investigate its applicability. HEF1 fibroblast cells displayed great affinity on the modified scaffolds, indicating that the green modification approach was highly feasible to enhance the synthesized scaffolds' biocompatibility, which not only provides topographical similarity but also enhances the chemical biomimicry simultaneously.
Urea‐glutaraldehyde‐formaldehyde resin with low formaldehyde emission and high flexibility: Structure and toughening mechanism
Authors: Dai Changfa , Ye Lin , He Wenjun , Zhao Xiaowen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUrea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin with excellent intrinsic flame retardancy, high strength, and low cost has been widely used as adhesives, coatings as well as molding compounds, and it is a challenge to prepare UF resin with combined properties of high toughness/strength and low formaldehyde emissions. In this work, glutaraldehyde was introduced into the synthesis system of UF resin to partially replace formaldehyde, and urea‐glutaraldehyde‐formaldehyde (UGF) copolycondensation resin was prepared. It was found that glutaraldehyde participated in additional/condensation reactions of UF resin, and the crosslinking reaction of UGF resin was hindered with higher curing activation energy than that of neat UF resin. Due to the controllable curing kinetics and introduction of long methylene chains, UGF resin presented relatively low crosslinking density, and under external force, it underwent distinct yielding before fracture and many yield folds appeared on the fractured surface, showing high toughness and strength. Compared with neat UF resin, the tensile strength, elongation at break, impact strength, and critical stress intensity factor (KIC) of UGF resin increased by 26%, 42.30%, 14.6%, and 30%, respectively. Meanwhile, the free formaldehyde emission for UGF resin decreased by 47.5%, meeting the requirement of E0 grade. Such developed eco‐friendly UGF resin exhibited promising application potentials.
Effect of elastomeric nanoparticles as co‐reinforcing agent on rubber composites
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhou Zhifeng , Qi Guicun , Li Binghai , Song Zhihai , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElastomeric nanoparticles (ENPs) are rubber nanoparticles that have different effects than carbon black (CB) when added to rubber composites. To further understand the effects of ENPs on rubber composites, the morphologies, viscoelasticity, mechanical properties, and interactions with rubber were carefully studied. The results revealed that ENPs and CB differed in terms of their dispersion states and reinforcing effects on rubber. The addition of ENPs can reduce the free chain ends of rubber composites, which helps reduce the rolling resistance, making it a possible way to develop energy‐saving tires. Compared with current techniques for lowering the free chain ends of vulcanisates, it is easier and simpler to add ENPs to rubber composites. The results also show that ENPs and CB had a synergistic effect on rubber reinforcement. The optimal ENP content, considering the vulcanisate characteristics, was approximately 10 phr.
On the injection molding of thick‐walled thermoplastic vulcanizates: linking static and dynamic mechanical properties with morphology
Authors: Burgoa Aizeti , Arriaga Aitor , Badiola Jon Haitz , Ibarretxe Julen , Iturrondobeitia Maider , Martinez‐Amesti Ana , Vilas Jose Luis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElastomers are widely used in the automotive industry in anti‐vibration components. Commonly, elastomeric anti‐vibration components are made of thermoset rubbers. However, new drivers related to the requirements of the new sustainable mobility industry are pushing towards the substitution of thermoset rubbers by thermoplastic elastomers. Among thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) represent an interesting material choice for anti‐vibration products due to their light weight, recyclability, ease of processing by means of injection molding and design flexibility. In this work, the correlation between static and dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology of injection molded thick‐walled TPVs is investigated. Interestingly, when comparing TPVs of different hardnesses, the softest TPV demonstrated an improvement in elastic ability to recover of up to 50% in transverse to flow direction as well as a highly anisotropic viscoelastic behavior. These phenomena are interpreted in terms of the orientation of ethylene‐propylene‐diene particles together with polypropylene crystals and chain alignment observed in microstructural characterization tests. This study opens new opportunities to develop TPV‐based anti‐vibration components with superior elasticity and customizable static and dynamic mechanical properties by considering the anisotropic character of soft TPV materials in product design and development strategies. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Pharmacokinetics of ginkgolide B–lyophilized nanoparticles after intravenous injection in rats using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Lisha , Zhu Lujia , Peng Jianan , Xu Shujun , Zhao Yue , Shi Jingbin , Liu Qi , Zhang Hui , Li Jun , Xiong Yang 
Published: December 2022

RationaleGinkgolide B (GB) performs diverse pharmacological activities but has poor water solubility. The currently available GB injections have a short half‐life and are lethal when injected rapidly. We prepared GB‐lyophilized nanoparticles (GB‐NPs) using a new nonsurfactant polysaccharide polymer, ZY‐010, as its carrier to regulate the release of GB in vivo. Here, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of GB‐NPs after intravenous injection in rats was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).MethodsThe samples were separated on an Agilent Eclipse XDB‐C 18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.85 μm) maintained at 30°C. The MS/MS transitions of GB and glibenclamide as the internal standard (IS) were set at m/z 423.1 → 367.1 and m/z 492.1 → 367.0, respectively. The standard curve of GB content was constructed, and the specificity, sensitivity, precision, and extraction recovery of LC–MS/MS analysis were assessed. The main PK parameters were analyzed using DAS (Drug And Statistics for Windows) software, version 2.0.ResultsThe retention time of GB and IS at elution was 2.77 and 4.75 min, respectively. An excellent linear response across the concentration range of 0.001–100 μg/ml was achieved (r = 0.9997). The relative standard deviation value of precision was less than 10%. The total extraction recovery was above 80.76 ± 2.08%. The main PK parameters for the GB‐NPs were as follows: t1/2 = 69.32 h, AUC(0 → ∞) = 188 312.97 ± 143 312.41 μg/L h, CL = 0.03 ± 0.02 L/h/kg, and V = 0.09 ± 0.05 L/kg. The t1/2 of the GB‐NPs was significantly longer than that of GB solution, and AUC(0 → ∞) of GB‐NPs was about 1.4 times that of GB solution. The PK data demonstrated that the blood concentration of GB in rats conformed to a three‐compartment model in both GB solution and GB‐NPs.ConclusionA rapid and accurate LC–MS/MS method was established for the determination of GB‐NPs in rats. GB‐NPs exhibited a sustained‐release behavior in vivo compared with GB solution.
On the largest part size of low‐rank combinatorial assemblies
Authors: Arratia Richard , DeSalvo Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe give a general framework for approximations to decomposable combinatorial structures suitable to the situation where the size and the number of components are specified. In particular for assemblies, this involves a Poisson process, which, with the appropriate choice of parameter, may be viewed as an extension of saddlepoint approximation. We illustrate the use of the Poisson process description for assemblies by analyzing the component structure when the rank, defined as , is small relative to the size . There is near‐universal behavior, in the sense that, apart from degenerate cases where the exponential generating function has radius of convergence zero, we have for and : when for fixed , the size of the largest component converges in probability to ; when , we have , with the choice governed by a Poisson limit distribution for the number of components of size . This was recently observed, for the case and the special cases of permutations and set partitions, using Chen–Stein approximations for the indicators of attacks and alignments in rook placements.