bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Lu–Hf Isotopic System to Ore Geology, Metallogenesis and Mineral Exploration
Authors: Waltenberg Kathryn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Lu-Hf isotopic system, much like the Sm-Nd isotopic system, can be used to understand crustal evolution and growth. Crustal differentiation processes yield reservoirs with differing initial Lu/Hf values, and radioactive decay of176Lu results in diverging176Hf/177Hf between reservoirs over time. This chapter outlines the fundamentals of the Lu-Hf isotopic system, and provides several case studies outlining the utility of this system to mineral exploration and understanding formation processes of ore deposits. The current, rapid, evolution of this field of isotope science means that breadth of applications of the Lu-Hf system are increasing, especially in situations where high-precision, detailed analyses are required.
Introduction: Silences that Speak
Authors: Caneda-Cabrera M. Teresa , Carregal-Romero José 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a critical overview and a theoretical introduction toNarratives of the Unspoken in Contemporary Irish Fiction: Silences that Speak. Drawing on a wide range of perspectives and considerations on silence through a broad diversity of themes and functions, this introductory essay reclaims an unprecedented attentiveness to the unspoken in today’s Irish fiction. The chapter argues that in Irish contemporary writing silence features as multivalent and multifaceted: it can function as a form of resistance, a strategy of defiance, empowerment and emancipation, but also a way of covering up stories which remain untold and invisible, thus distorting or directly concealing inconvenient truths from the public eye. Ultimately, as the book itself demonstrates, for contemporary Irish writers, the unspoken is not just a constraint but a productive site of enquiry, a silence that “speaks”.
Infinite Spaces: Kevin Barry’s Lives of Quiet Desperation
Authors: O’Grady Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter engages with the myriad ways in which silence operates in the fiction—three novels and three collections of short stories—of Kevin Barry. Inevitably, the focus falls mostly on the male protagonists of Barry’s narratives. Suffering variously from a general malaise of Irish maleness whose symptoms include loneliness, isolation, and low self-esteem, Barry’s characters, while often outwardly loquacious, remain emotionally tongue-tied when they most need to speak their hearts. Silence operates in Barry’s stories and novels not simply as a concept but in the same fashion it operates in the real lives of Irish males. Ranging in age from adolescence to midlife, his characters are afflicted by a silence that functions both as a core indicator of that broad-spectrum malaise and as a cause of even deeper suffering.
“A Self-Interested Silence”: Silences Identified and Broken in Peter Lennon’s Rocky Road to Dublin (1967)
Authors: Crosson Seán 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines Irish cinema in the first half of the twentieth century, in particular representations of the clergy, in light of the existence of Ireland’s “architecture of containment” (Smith, Éire-Ireland 36:111–130, 2001) and framed with regard to Antonio Gramsci’s conception of hegemony and “common sense” (Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1971). It considers Peter Lennon’s 1967 documentary Rocky Road to Dublin as a key text in identifying the “self-interested silence” that has prevailed with regard to clerical control in Ireland up to our contemporary moment, the structures that maintained that silence, and the film’s important role in providing one of the first forums for that silence to be broken.
Silence in Donal Ryan’s Fiction
Authors: de Salazar Asier Altuna-García 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines acclaimed Irish author Donal Ryan’s writing with a view to analysing the relevance of variations of the theme of silence and, more specifically, to exploring how silence conforms to the representations of communities and individuals in his work. Drawing on the theoretical tenets of silence in the work of Pierre Macherey, Pierre Bourdieu, George Steiner, William Franke and Michel Foucault, this chapter examines how Ryan’s writing represents individual and community minor/major traumas, tensions, hidden secrets, shame, crises, violence and prejudice. Ultimately, the chapter argues that in Ryan’s work inconvenient truths, contained by silence, point to the effects and consequences of power structures and institutional and societal frameworks in contemporary Ireland.
Grundlagen zu Unterrichtsstörungen
Authors: Marusic Claudia 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungUnterrichtsstörungen beschäftigen Lehrpersonen in ihrem Unterricht seit jeher (Textor, 2015). Die Verwendung von Begrifflichkeiten zur Bezeichnung störender Verhaltensweisen sowie die Verantwortungszuschreibungen für Unterrichtsstörungen unterliegen einer historischen Entwicklung (Martens, 2015). In Abschnitt 2.1 wird diese personenbezogene Perspektive auf Unterrichtsstörungen näher betrachtet. Aktuell erfolgt ein Perspektivwechsel hin zu einem interaktionistischen Verständnis von Unterrichtsstörungen, welches die Störungen am Ort des Geschehens, nämlich am Unterricht festmacht und weder allein die Lehrpersonen noch die Schüler:innen als allein verantwortliche Akteure bei der Entstehung von Unterrichtsstörungen fokussieren (Lohmann, 2007; Martens, 2015; Wettstein, Ramseier, Scherzinger, & Gasser, 2016). Aufgrund ihrer aktuellen Bedeutung wird die interaktionistische Perspektive auf Unterrichtsstörungen in Abschnitt 2.2 genauer beleuchtet. Das vor einem interaktionistischen Verständnis erarbeitete Theoriemodell der Produktion und Rezeption von Unterrichtsstörungen der SUGUS-Studie wird anschliessend vorgestellt. Mit dem Modell erfolgt die Darstellung der Genese von Unterrichtsstörungen aus einer interaktionistischen Perspektive (Abschnitt 2.3). Anschliessend wird der Forschungsstand zu häufig berichteten Unterrichtsstörungen (2.4.1) und zum Umgang mit Unterrichtsstörungen (2.4.2) aufgearbeitet. Weiter werden Erkenntnisse zu Folgen (2.4.3) und Ursachen von Unterrichtsstörungen (2.4.4) diskutiert. Das Kapitel schliesst mit einem Zwischenfazit (2.5).
Zusammenfassung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse
Authors: Marusic Claudia 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungNachfolgend werden die Ergebnisse entlang der drei leitenden Forschungsfragen zusammengefasst. Die Diskussion der Ergebnisse erfolgt dabei jeweils im Anschluss an die Beantwortung der Fragestellungen. Ein abschliessendes Fazit zur Ergebnisdarstellung und zur Diskussion der Befunde wird in Abschnitt 8.4 formuliert. Danach folgen Ausführungen zu den Limitationen und zu Forschungsdesiderata, die im Verlauf der vorliegenden Arbeit deutlich geworden sind. Abschliessend werden Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis und für die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrpersonen (8.6) formuliert.
Microstructural and Metabolic Changes in Normal Aging Human Brain Studied with Combined Whole-Brain MR Spectroscopic Imaging and Quantitative MR Imaging
Authors: Mahmoudi N. , Dadak M. , Bronzlik P. , Maudsley A. A. , Sheriff S. , Lanfermann H. , Ding X.-Q. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to detect age-related brain metabolic and microstructural changes in healthy human brains by the use of whole-brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H‑MRSI) and quantitative MR imaging (qMRI).MethodsIn this study, 60 healthy participants with evenly distributed ages (between 21 and 69 years) and sex underwent MRI examinations at 3T including whole-brain1H‑MRSI. The concentrations of the metabolites N‑acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), total creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr), glutamine and glutamate (Glx), and myo-inositol (mI), as well as the brain relaxation times T2, T2’ and T1 were measured in 12 regions of interest (ROI) in each hemisphere. Correlations between measured parameters and age were estimated with linear regression analysis and Pearsonʼs correlation test.ResultsSignificant age-related changes of brain regional metabolite concentrations and tissue relaxation times were found: NAA decreased in eight of twelve ROIs, Cho increased in three ROIs, tCr in four ROIs, and mI in three ROIs. Glx displayed a significant decrease in one ROI and an increase in another ROI. T1 increased in four ROIs and T2 in one ROI, while T2’ decreased in two ROIs. A negative correlation of tCr concentrations with T2’ relaxation time was found in one ROI as well as the positive correlations of age-related T1 relaxation time with concentrations of tCr, mI, Glx and Cho in another ROI.ConclusionNormal aging in human brain is associated with coexistent brain regional metabolic alterations and microstructural changes, which may be related to age-related decline in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of life in the older population.
A Unique Continuation Result for a 2D System of Nonlinear Equations for Surface Waves
Authors: Montes Alex M. , Córdoba Ricardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a result of unique continuation for a special two-dimensional nonlinear system that models the evolution of long water waves with small amplitude in the presence of surface tension. More precisely, we will show that if $$(\eta ,\Phi ) = (\eta (x,y, t),\Phi (x,y, t))$$

(
η
,
Φ
)
=
(
η
(
x
,
y
,
t
)
,
Φ
(
x
,
y
,
t
)
)

is a solution of the nonlinear system, in a suitable function space, and $$(\eta ,\Phi )$$

(
η
,
Φ
)

vanishes on an open subset $$\Omega $$
Ω
of $$\mathbb {R}^2 \times [-T,T],$$

R

2

×

[
-
T
,
T
]

,

then $$(\eta ,\Phi )\equiv 0$$

(
η
,
Φ
)
≡
0

in the horizontal component of $$\Omega .$$

Ω
.

To state such property, we use a Carleman-type estimate for a differential operator $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
related to the system. We prove the Carleman estimate using a particular version of the well known Treves’ inequality.
Incident autoimmune diseases in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a matched cohort study
Authors: Tesch Falko , Ehm Franz , Vivirito Annika , Wende Danny , Batram Manuel , Loser Friedrich , Menzer Simone , Jacob Josephine , Roessler Martin , Seifert Martin , Kind Barbara , König Christina , Schulte Claudia , Buschmann Tilo , Hertle Dagmar , Ballesteros Pedro , Baßler Stefan , Bertele Barbara , Bitterer Thomas , Riederer Cordula , Sobik Franziska , Reitzle Lukas , Scheidt-Nave Christa , Schmitt Jochen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate whether the risk of developing an incident autoimmune disease is increased in patients with prior COVID-19 disease compared to those without COVID-19, a large cohort study was conducted.

Method
A cohort was selected from German routine health care data. Based on documented diagnoses, we identified individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 through December 31, 2020. Patients were matched 1:3 to control patients without COVID-19. Both groups were followed up until June 30, 2021. We used the four quarters preceding the index date until the end of follow-up to analyze the onset of autoimmune diseases during the post-acute period. Incidence rates (IR) per 1000 person-years were calculated for each outcome and patient group. Poisson models were deployed to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of developing an autoimmune disease conditional on a preceding diagnosis of COVID-19.

Results
In total, 641,704 patients with COVID-19 were included. Comparing the incidence rates in the COVID-19 (IR=15.05, 95% CI: 14.69–15.42) and matched control groups (IR=10.55, 95% CI: 10.25–10.86), we found a 42.63% higher likelihood of acquiring autoimmunity for patients who had suffered from COVID-19. This estimate was similar for common autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjögren syndrome. The highest IRR was observed for autoimmune diseases of the vasculitis group. Patients with a more severe course of COVID-19 were at a greater risk for incident autoimmune disease.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset autoimmune diseases after the acute phase of infection.

Key Points• In the 3 to 15 months after acute infection, patients who had suffered from COVID-19 had a 43% (95% CI: 37–48%) higher likelihood of developing a first-onset autoimmune disease, meaning an absolute increase in incidence of 4.50 per 1000 person-years over the control group.• COVID-19 showed the strongest association with vascular autoimmune diseases.
Improving Collaboration Between Youth Peer Support Workers and Non-peer Colleagues in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Authors: de Beer Carolijn R. M. , van Domburgh Lieke , Vermeiren Robert R. J. M. , de Vreugd Martin , Nooteboom Laura A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe involvement of youth peer workers (YPSWs) in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) stimulates hope, destigmatization, and more culturally and developmentally appropriate support. Nevertheless, the collaboration between YPSWs and non-peer colleagues remains challenging, as it requires services to embed a new type of expert into practice. To stimulate the involvement of YPSWs in practice, this study reports on 27 semi-structured interviews with YPSWs and non-peer colleagues to provide insight into the barriers and facilitators in the collaboration process. The study took place in the Netherlands. A total of 10 interviews with YPSWs, and 17 interviews with non-peer colleagues in different healthcare occupations in CAMHS were conducted. Overall, the participants perceived relatively more barriers compared to facilitators in the collaboration process. Barriers to operate efficiently with YPSWs in multidisciplinary teams included: condescending attitudes and professional stigma towards YPSWs; concerns for YPSW boundaries; bureaucratic and clinical language usage by non-peer colleagues; conflicts due to different sets of expertise; and, lack of role clarity and guidelines for YPSWs. To improve the partnership between YPSWs and non-peer colleagues, participants described the importance of supervision and monitoring of YPSW activities. Moreover, participants also stressed the need for clear guidelines, and introduction and evaluation sessions to facilitate the collaboration process. While YPSWs seem to be an asset to CAMHS, there are a number of barriers to overcome. To overcome these barriers, organizational commitment, supervision (especially from peer colleagues), flexibility by non-peer colleagues, training non-peer staff to support YPSWs, and consistent evaluation of the implementation of YPSWs in services is recommended.
Preventative therapy for breast cancer: a clinical experience
Authors: Law Rebekah , Krupa Katherine , Rusby Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreast Cancer incidence in the UK is estimated to rise to 71,000 per year by 2035. Preventative strategies could significantly reduce this. Preventative therapy reduces women’s risk of oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but uptake remains low. Having established a preventative therapy clinic as part of a wider breast cancer prevention project, we explored qualitative data to inform future preventative efforts.MethodWomen aged 30 to 60 who had benign diagnoses at a symptomatic breast clinic or were under mammographic surveillance in the moderate risk family history clinic were invited to participate in the study. Those who expressed an interest and completed an initial questionnaire had their breast cancer risk calculated using the IBIS risk calculator. Those at increased risk were invited to a consultation about preventative therapy.Results182 women were identified as increased risk (≥ 17% lifetime or ≥ 3% 10-year risk NICE guidelines: Familial breast cancer: classification, care and managing breast cancer and related risks in people with a family history of breast cancer, 20131) of whom 91 women (50%) would not have been identified by family history criteria alone. 96% attended a risk/prevention consultation and all eligible women accepted screening mammography but only 14 (8%) women requested a preventative therapy prescription during the duration of the study. Reluctance to take medication and inconvenient time of life were common reasons for declining preventative therapy. Despite this, the majority were grateful for breast cancer risk and prevention information.ConclusionsWomen at increased risk of breast cancer accept additional screening but are reluctant to take preventative therapy. This suggests that stratified screening methods using risk calculations would have high uptake. Raising awareness of preventative therapy is important and the breast cancer community has yet to find the optimum timing and formula for discussing it and must accept women’s informed preferences above artificial targets.Registration numbersThe PIONEER study was granted Health Research Authority (HRA) ethical approval by the Westminster Ethics Committee. IRAS project ID 265619, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04574063. Recruitment began in September 2020 and was completed in October 2021.
Birth characteristics and risk of Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Wiemels Joseph L. , Wang Rong , Feng Qianxi , Yee Amy C. , Morimoto Libby M. , Metayer Catherine , Ma Xiaomei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The incidence of Ewing sarcoma varies according to race and ethnicity, and genetic susceptibility is known to affect disease risk. Apart from these factors, the etiology of Ewing sarcoma is largely unknown.

Methods
We compared the birth characteristics of a population-based series of 556 Ewing sarcoma cases born in California in 1978–2015 and diagnosed in 1988–2015 with those of 27,800 controls selected from statewide birth records and frequency-matched to cases on the year of birth, using multivariable logistic regression models. We also assessed whether Ewing sarcoma clustered within families.

Results
Compared to non-Hispanic White subjects, Black (odds ratio [OR] = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.18), Asian (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.41–0.80), and Hispanic (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.62–0.88) individuals had a significantly lower risk of Ewing sarcoma. Race and ethnicity differences were more profound for metastatic Ewing sarcoma. Birthweight was also identified as a significant risk factor (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.18 for each 500 g increase in birthweight). A separate family-based cancer clustering analysis did not suggest any strong role for familial predisposition alleles.

Conclusions
This population-based study with minimal selection bias provides support for a role of accelerated fetal growth in the etiology of Ewing sarcoma in addition to more precise estimates of racial and ethnic variations in disease risk. This comparatively large analysis of birth characteristics and Ewing sarcoma in a multiethnic population should stimulate further investigations into genetic and environmental causes.
Effect of algebraic language and problem text wording on problem model accuracy when solving age word problems
Authors: Soneira Carlos , González-Calero José Antonio , Arnau David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of the algebraic method for solving word problems is a challenging topic for secondary school students. Students’ difficulties are usually associated with extracting the problem’s network of relationships between quantities and with formalizing these relationships into algebraic language in a problem model. Both sources can coexist and interact; thus, it is usually not possible to determine which source of difficulty is more relevant. In addition, there are specific errors, such as the error by multiple referents for the unknown, which are directly linked to the wording of the problem text, and in which the same two sources of error coexist. In this work, we present the results of an experiment conducted with 255 secondary school students assessing the effect of two common difficulties on the accuracy of problem models and on the rate of multiple referents for the unknown. The first difficulty is the use of algebraic language in the construction of the problem model; the second is the use of the same expression to designate different quantities within the problem text. We used a 2 × 2 between-between design, with one factor related to the symbolic language (algebraic or arithmetic) in which the problem model is constructed, and the other factor related to the actual language features of the text problem. Our results indicate that overall, the main source of difficulty for students is the use of algebraic language to formalize a problem model, representing a large effect size.
Bioaccumulation of rare earth elements and trace elements in different tissues of the golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus) in the southern Caspian Sea
Authors: Bakhshalizadeh Shima , Liyafoyi Adeleh Rostamzadeh , Mora-Medina Rafael , Ayala-Soldado Nahúm 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRare earth elements are essential for modern life, although they are also classified as emerging pollutants. Currently, fish studies on these elements are very limited in general, but, with regard to the Caspian Sea, there is no reference to them at all. For this reason, our objective was to determine the concentrations of these elements in the golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus) and to contrast its bioaccumulation patterns with those of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead. For that purpose, 20 fish were caught in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. Heavy rare earth element concentrations were higher than light ones and the terbium levels were very high, probably due to anthropogenic contamination. The intestine tissue gave the highest concentrations, which could be indicative of a very low gastrointestinal absorption. For both rare earth and trace elements, muscle was the tissue that accumulated the least, despite which, cadmium and lead levels in muscle were of concern.
The effect of avocado sunblotch disease (ASBD) on tree morphology, fruit maturity, yield and quality of ‘Hass’ avocado in South Africa
Authors: Zwane Zanele R. , Gubba Augustine , Jooste Anna E. C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAvocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) is found in many avocado-growing regions of the world, where it affects fruit yield and quality. The trees develop two types of infections: symptomatic and symptomless infections. Symptoms are most obvious as yellow streaks on leaves, fruit and green stems of symptomatic trees and symptomless carrier trees do not display any such symptoms. Symptomless carrier trees are considered the primary source of disease transmission in orchards. Hence, this study investigated the impact of ASBVd-infected symptomless carrier trees on tree morphology, fruit maturity, yield and quality of ‘Hass’ avocado from 2019 until 2021. Differences were observed in the orchard between infected and healthy trees; trees with medium and high viroid concentrations excessively produced flowers, lost leaves during flowering and ultimately bore few to no fruit at the end of the season. The dry matter content results showed that ASBVd did not affect the rate of maturity of the fruit, as fruit from infected and healthy trees matured at the same time. Yield counts indicated that medium and highly infected trees produced between 83 and 96% lower yields compared to healthy trees. Postharvest studies showed that medium and highly infected fruit significantly lost firmness and coloured up more rapidly than healthy fruit. Infected, non-stored fruit also developed external rots and shrivels, however, these disorders were reduced in fruit stored at 5 °C for 28 days. Therefore, flower overbearing with the shedding of leaves and lower yields can be used as indicators of ASBVd infection in ‘Hass’ orchards but confirmation with molecular testing is required. These observations can be incorporated into an ASBD management strategy in ‘Hass’ orchards.