bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the genetic correlation of cardiovascular diseases and mood disorders in the UK Biobank
Authors: Chen Chi-Jen , Liao Wan-Yu , Chattopadhyay Amrita , Lu Tzu-Pin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths globally. Mortality and incidence of CVDs are significantly higher in people with mood disorders. About 81.1% of CVD patients were reported with comorbidities in 2019, where the second most common comorbidity was due to major depressive disorder (MDD). This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the genetic correlation between CVDs and mood disorders by using data from the UK Biobank towards understanding the influence of genetic factors on the comorbidity due to CVDs and mood disorders.

Methods
The UK Biobank database provides genetic and health information from half a million adults, aged 40–69 years, recruited between 2006 and 2010. A total of 117,925 participants and 6,128,294 variants were included for analysis after applying exclusion criteria and quality control steps. This study focused on two CVD phenotypes, two mood disorders and 12 cardiometabolic-related traits to conduct association studies.

Results
The results indicated a significant positive genetic correlation between CVDs and overall mood disorders and MDD specifically, showing substantial genetic overlap. Genetic correlation between CVDs and bipolar disorder was not significant. Furthermore, significant genetic correlation between mood disorders and cardiometabolic traits was also reported.

Conclusions
The results of this study can be used to understand that CVDs and mood disorders share a great deal of genetic liability in individuals of European ancestry.
Understanding and Mitigating the Spatial Bias of Earthquake Source Imaging With Regional Slowness Enhanced Back‐Projection
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Bao Han , Meng Lingsen , Aoki Yosuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate characteristics of spatial biases in the Back‐projection method and the effectiveness of the Slowness Enhanced Back‐projection (SEBP). The spatial bias refers to the location error in Back‐projection caused by travel time errors due to 3D Earth structure. SEBP reduces such bias by calibrating the gradient of travel time (slowness) in the source. We first analyze 22 M4–M6 earthquakes in the Commander Island and find that the amplitudes and directions of spatial biases follow distinct regional patterns. In light of this, we propose a regional SEBP approach that introduces spatially variable slowness correction. The regional SEBP in the Commander Island resulted in a ∼50% reduction in the average length of spatial bias from ∼20 to ∼10 km, which is more effective than the uniform SEBP that gives a 25% error reduction. We then analyze 109 M4–M7 earthquakes in the Tohoku region and also find a 50% error reduction by regional SEBP. This indicates that half of the spatial biases are aleatory uncertainties that are caused by regional structural complexity and can be calibrated with SEBP, while the residue errors are epistemic uncertainties that are random and caused by local velocity heterogeneities. With regional SEBP applied to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, we find that high‐frequency radiators did not reach beyond the down‐dip limit of interplate seismicity, indicating that the coseismic slip unlikely penetrated the down‐dip velocity‐strengthening zone. Such observations suggest that the enhanced dynamic weakening mechanism due to thermal pressurization effects may not be activated during this event.
A Modeling Study on the Responses of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) Temperature to the Initial and Main Phases of Geomagnetic Storms at High Latitudes
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Wei Guanchun , Wang Wenbin , Luo Qinshun , Lu Jianyong , Tian Yufeng , Xiong Shiping , Sun Meng , Shen Fuzhen , Yuan Tao , Zhang Xiaoping , Fu Shuai , Li Zheng , Zhang Hua , Yang Chaolei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJoule heating and radiative cooling usually play key roles in high‐latitude thermospheric temperature changes during geomagnetic storms. In the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), however, the causes of storm‐time temperature changes at high latitudes are still elusive. Here, we elucidate the nature and mechanisms of MLT temperature variations at high latitudes during the 10 September 2005 storm by diagnostically analyzing the MLT thermodynamics in the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIMEGCM) simulations. In the storm's initial and main phases, the MLT temperature decreases at 0:00 local time (LT)−12:00 LT, but increases in the 12:00 LT–24:00 LT sector at high latitudes. Afterward, the temperature decrease disappears and temperature increase occurs at all local times in the high latitudes. Adiabatic heating/cooling and vertical advection associated with vertical winds are the main drivers of high‐latitude temperature changes in the entire altitude range of the MLT region. However, around the auroral oval and above ∼100 km, the Joule heating rate is comparable to the heating caused by vertical advection and adiabatic heating/cooling associated with vertical winds and becomes one of the major contributors to total heating in the high‐latitude MLT region. The effects of Joule heating can penetrate down to ∼95 km. Horizontal advection also plays a key role in storm‐time MLT temperature changes inside the polar cap and becomes larger than the adiabatic heating/cooling above ∼105 km.
Combining Satellite‐Derived PM2.5 Data and a Reduced‐Form Air Quality Model to Support Air Quality Analysis in US Cities
Authors: Gallagher Ciaran L. , Holloway Tracey , Tessum Christopher W. , Jackson Clara M. , Heck Colleen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAir quality models can support pollution mitigation design by simulating policy scenarios and conducting source contribution analyses. The Intervention Model for Air Pollution (InMAP) is a powerful tool for equitable policy design as its variable resolution grid enables intra‐urban analysis, the scale of which most environmental justice inquiries are levied. However, InMAP underestimates particulate sulfate and overestimates particulate ammonium formation, errors that limit the model's relevance to city‐scale decision‐making. To reduce InMAP's biases and increase its relevancy for urban‐scale analysis, we calculate and apply scaling factors (SFs) based on observational data and advanced models. We consider both satellite‐derived speciated PM2.5 from Washington University and ground‐level monitor measurements from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, applied with different scaling methodologies. Relative to ground‐monitor data, the unscaled InMAP model fails to meet a normalized mean bias performance goal of <±10% for most of the PM2.5 components it simulates (pSO4: −48%, pNO3: 8%, pNH4: 69%), but with city‐specific SFs it achieves the goal benchmarks for every particulate species. Similarly, the normalized mean error performance goal of <35% is not met with the unscaled InMAP model (pSO4: 53%, pNO3: 52%, pNH4: 80%) but is met with the city‐scaling approach (15%–27%). The city‐specific scaling method also improves the R2 value from 0.11 to 0.59 (ranging across particulate species) to the range of 0.36–0.76. Scaling increases the percent pollution contribution of electric generating units (EGUs) (nationwide 4%) and non‐EGU point sources (nationwide 6%) and decreases the agriculture sector's contribution (nationwide −6%).
Hertz-rate metropolitan quantum teleportation
Authors: Shen Si , Yuan Chenzhi , Zhang Zichang , Yu Hao , Zhang Ruiming , Yang Chuanrong , Li Hao , Wang Zhen , Wang You , Deng Guangwei , Song Haizhi , You Lixing , Fan Yunru , Guo Guangcan , Zhou Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuantum teleportation can transfer an unknown quantum state between distant quantum nodes, which holds great promise in enabling large-scale quantum networks. To advance the full potential of quantum teleportation, quantum states must be faithfully transferred at a high rate over long distance. Despite recent impressive advances, a high-rate quantum teleportation system across metropolitan fiber networks is extremely desired. Here, we demonstrate a quantum teleportation system which transfers quantum states carried by independent photons at a rate of 7.1 ± 0.4 Hz over 64-km-long fiber channel. An average single-photon fidelity of ≥90.6 ± 2.6% is achieved, which exceeds the maximum fidelity of 2/3 in classical regime. Our result marks an important milestone towards quantum networks and opens the door to exploring quantum entanglement based informatic applications for the future quantum internet.
Dose-response relationships of LSD-induced subjective experiences in humans
Authors: Hirschfeld Tim , Prugger Johanna , Majić Tomislav , Schmidt Timo T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent classic serotonergic psychedelic, which facilitates a variety of altered states of consciousness. Here we present the first meta-analysis establishing dose-response relationship estimates of the altered states of consciousness induced by LSD. Data extracted from articles identified by a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines were obtained from the Altered States Database. The psychometric data comprised ratings of subjective effects from standardized and validated questionnaires: the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC, 11-ASC) and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30). We performed meta-regression analyses using restricted cubic splines for data from studies with LSD doses of up to 200 μg base. Most scales revealed a sigmoid-like increase of effects, with a plateauing at around 100 μg. The most strongly modulated factors referred to changes in perception and illusory imagination, followed by positively experienced ego-dissolution, while only small effects were found for Anxiety and Dread of Ego Dissolution. The considerable variability observed in most factors and scales points to the role of non-pharmacological factors in shaping subjective experiences. The established dose-response relationships may be used as general references for future experimental and clinical research on LSD to compare observed with expected subjective effects and to elucidate phenomenological differences between psychedelics.
The association between gut microbiota and postoperative delirium in patients
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Baldyga Kathryn , Dong Yuanlin , Song Wenyu , Villanueva Mirella , Deng Hao , Mueller Ariel , Houle Timothy T. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Xie Zhongcong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPostoperative delirium is a common postoperative complication in older patients, and its pathogenesis and biomarkers remain largely undetermined. The gut microbiota has been shown to regulate brain function, and therefore, it is vital to explore the association between gut microbiota and postoperative delirium. Of 220 patients (65 years old or older) who had a knee replacement, hip replacement, or laminectomy under general or spinal anesthesia, 86 participants were included in the data analysis. The incidence (primary outcome) and severity of postoperative delirium were assessed for two days. Fecal swabs were collected from participants immediately after surgery. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to assess gut microbiota. Principal component analyses along with a literature review were used to identify plausible gut microbiota, and three gut bacteria were further studied for their associations with postoperative delirium. Of the 86 participants [age 71.0 (69.0–76.0, 25–75% percentile of quartile), 53% female], 10 (12%) developed postoperative delirium. Postoperative gut bacteria Parabacteroides distasonis was associated with postoperative delirium after adjusting for age and sex (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.13, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09–4.17, P = 0.026). The association between delirium and both Prevotella (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.33–1.04, P = 0.067) and Collinsella (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.27–1.24, P = 0.158) did not meet statistical significance. These findings suggest that there may be an association between postoperative gut microbiota, specifically Parabacteroides distasonis, and postoperative delirium. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and better understand the gut-brain axis’s role in postoperative outcomes.
Rapid neuroplasticity changes and response to intravenous ketamine: a randomized controlled trial in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Kopelman Jared , Keller Timothy A. , Panny Benjamin , Griffo Angela , Degutis Michelle , Spotts Crystal , Cruz Nicolas , Bell Elizabeth , Do-Nguyen Kevin , Wallace Meredith L. , Mathew Sanjay J. , Howland Robert H. , Price Rebecca B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntravenous ketamine is posited to rapidly reverse depression by rapidly enhancing neuroplasticity. In human patients, we quantified gray matter microstructural changes on a rapid (24-h) timescale within key regions where neuroplasticity enhancements post-ketamine have been implicated in animal models. In this study, 98 unipolar depressed adults who failed at least one antidepressant medication were randomized 2:1 to a single infusion of intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) and completed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessments at pre-infusion baseline and 24-h post-infusion. DTI mean diffusivity (DTI-MD), a putative marker of microstructural neuroplasticity in gray matter, was calculated for 7 regions of interest (left and right BA10, amygdala, and hippocampus; and ventral Anterior Cingulate Cortex) and compared to clinical response measured with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self-Report (QIDS-SR). Individual differences in DTI-MD change (greater decrease from baseline to 24-h post-infusion, indicative of more neuroplasticity enhancement) were associated with larger improvements in depression scores across several regions. In the left BA10 and left amygdala, these relationships were driven primarily by the ketamine group (group * DTI-MD interaction effects:p = 0.016–0.082). In the right BA10, these associations generalized to both infusion arms (p = 0.007). In the left and right hippocampus, on the MADRS only, interaction effects were observed in the opposite direction, such that DTI-MD change was inversely associated with depression change in the ketamine arm specifically (group * DTI-MD interaction effects:p = 0.032–0.06). The acute effects of ketamine on depression may be mediated, in part, by acute changes in neuroplasticity quantifiable with DTI.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of molecular testing in minimally invasive samples to detect endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding
Authors: Peremiquel-Trillas Paula , Gómez David , Martínez José Manuel , Fernández-González Sergi , Frias-Gomez Jon , Paytubi Sonia , Pelegrina Beatriz , Pineda Marta , Brunet Joan , Ponce Jordi , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Bosch Xavier , de Sanjosé Silvia , Bruni Laia , Alemany Laia , Costas Laura , Díaz Mireia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
New approaches are being developed to early detect endometrial cancer using molecular biomarkers. These approaches offer high sensitivities and specificities, representing a promising horizon to develop early detection strategies.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of introducing molecular testing to detect endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding compared to the current strategy using the national healthcare service perspective.

Methods
A Markov model was developed to assess the two early detection strategies. The model predicts the number of hysterectomies, lifetime expectancy, quality-adjusted life-years, endometrial cancer prevalence and incidence, mortality from endometrial cancer and the lifetime cost of screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Strategies were compared using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

Results
The molecular strategy reduces 1.9% of the overall number of hysterectomies and the number of undetected cancer cases by 65%. Assuming a molecular test cost of 310€, the molecular strategy has an incremental cost of -32,952€ per QALY gained, being more effective and less expensive than the current strategy.

Conclusions
The introduction of molecular testing to diagnose endometrial cancer in women presenting postmenopausal bleeding provides more health benefit at a lower cost, and therefore has the potential to be cost-effective.
Targeting pyroptosis as a preventive and therapeutic approach for stroke
Authors: Long Junpeng , Sun Yang , Liu Shasha , Yang Songwei , Chen Chen , Zhang Zhao , Chu Shifeng , Yang Yantao , Pei Gang , Lin Meiyu , Yan Qian , Yao Jiao , Lin Yuting , Yi Fan , Meng Lei , Tan Yong , Ai Qidi , Chen Naihong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStroke has caused tremendous social stress worldwide, yet despite decades of research and development of new stroke drugs, most have failed and rt-PA (Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) is still the accepted treatment for ischemic stroke. the complexity of the stroke mechanism has led to unsatisfactory efficacy of most drugs in clinical trials, indicating that there are still many gaps in our understanding of stroke. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death (PCD) with inflammatory properties and are thought to be closely associated with stroke. Pyroptosis is regulated by the GSDMD of the gasdermin family, which when cleaved by Caspase-1/Caspase-11 into N-GSDMD with pore-forming activity can bind to the plasma membrane to form small 10–20 nm pores, which would allow the release of inflammatory factors IL-18 and IL-1β before cell rupture, greatly exacerbating the inflammatory response. The pyroptosis occurs mainly in the border zone of cerebral infarction, and glial cells, neuronal cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) all undergo pyroptosis after stroke, which largely exacerbates the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus aggravates brain injury. Therefore, pyroptosis may be a good direction for the treatment of stroke. In this review, we focus on the latest mechanisms of action of pyroptosis and the process by which pyroptosis regulates stroke development. We also suggest potential therapeutic stroke drugs that target the pyroptosis pathway, providing additional therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of stroke.
Current perspectives on mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for graft versus host disease
Authors: Kadri Nadir , Amu Sylvie , Iacobaeus Ellen , Boberg Erik , Le Blanc Katarina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGraft versus host disease (GvHD) is the clinical condition in which bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been most frequently studied. In this review, we summarize the experience from clinical trials that have paved the way to translation. While MSC-based therapy has shown an exceptional safety profile, identifying potency assays and disease biomarkers that reliably predict the capacity of a specific MSC batch to alleviate GvHD has been difficult. As GvHD diagnosis and staging are based solely on clinical criteria, individual patients recruited in the same clinical trial may have vastly different underlying biology, obscuring trial outcomes and making it difficult to determine the benefit of MSCs in subgroups of patients. An accumulating body of evidence indicates the importance of considering not only the cell product but also patient-specific biomarkers and/or immune characteristics in determining MSC responsiveness. A mode of action where intravascular MSC destruction is followed by monocyte-efferocytosis-mediated skewing of the immune repertoire in a permissive inflammatory environment would both explain why cell engraftment is irrelevant for MSC efficacy and stress the importance of biologic differences between responding and nonresponding patients. We recommend a combined analysis of clinical outcomes and both biomarkers of disease activity and MSC potency assays to identify patients with GvHD who are likely to benefit from MSC therapy.
Measures of multiple deprivation and visual field loss in glaucoma clinics in England: lessons from big data
Authors: Rathore Mehal , Shweikh Yusrah , Kelly Stephen R. , Crabb David P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
To examine the association between multiple deprivation with late diagnosis and rapid worsening of glaucoma in patients in English hospital eye services (HES).

Methods
602,439 visual fields (VFs) were extracted from five regionally different glaucoma clinics in England. Mean Deviation (MD) worse than −12 dB was used as a surrogate definition for advanced VF loss at diagnosis in patients with ≥2 reliable VF records. MD loss worse than -1 dB per year was used to define rapid VF progression in patients with ≥6 VFs. Patient data were stratified into deciles of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) from residential postcodes.

Results
There was an association between IMD and advanced VF loss at diagnosis in 44,956 patients with 18% (293/1608) and 11% (771/6929) in the most and least deprived IMD decile, respectively. Age-corrected odds ratio (OR) for having advanced VF loss at entry into HES was 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–1.67) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66–0.85) in the most and least deprived IMD decile respectively (reference = fifth decile). In 15,094 patients with follow up data (median [interquartile range] of 6.9 [4.5, 10.0] years), the proportion having rapid VF progression did not differ across the IMD spectrum.

Conclusion
Large-scale VF data from clinics indicates that glaucoma severity at presentation to English HES is associated with levels of multiple deprivation. We found no evidence to suggest likelihood of having rapid VF progression during follow-up is associated with IMD; this hints at equity of glaucoma care and outcomes once patients are in English HES.
Engineering a new-to-nature cascade for phosphate-dependent formate to formaldehyde conversion in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Nattermann Maren , Wenk Sebastian , Pfister Pascal , He Hai , Lee Seung Hwan , Szymanski Witold , Guntermann Nils , Zhu Fayin , Nickel Lennart , Wallner Charlotte , Zarzycki Jan , Paczia Nicole , Gaißert Nina , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter , Gonzalez Ramon , Erb Tobias J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFormate can be envisioned at the core of a carbon-neutral bioeconomy, where it is produced from CO2 by (electro-)chemical means and converted into value-added products by enzymatic cascades or engineered microbes. A key step in expanding synthetic formate assimilation is its thermodynamically challenging reduction to formaldehyde. Here, we develop a two-enzyme route in which formate is activated to formyl phosphate and subsequently reduced to formaldehyde. Exploiting the promiscuity of acetate kinase and N-acetyl-γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase, we demonstrate this phosphate (Pi)-based route in vitro and in vivo. We further engineer a formyl phosphate reductase variant with improved formyl phosphate conversion in vivo by suppressing cross-talk with native metabolism and interface the Pi route with a recently developed formaldehyde assimilation pathway to enable C2 compound formation from formate as the sole carbon source in Escherichia coli. The Pi route therefore offers a potent tool in expanding the landscape of synthetic formate assimilation.