bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast‐enhanced, single‐shot LED array microscopy based on Fourier ptychographic algorithm and deep learning
Authors: Wang Shengping , Zhang Zibang , Yao Manhong , Deng Zihao , Peng Junzheng , Zhong Jingang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLED array microscopes have the advantages of miniaturisation and low cost. It has been demonstrated that LED array microscopes outperform Köhler illumination microscopes in some applications. A LED array allows for a large numerical aperture of illumination. The larger numerical aperture of illumination brings the higher spatial resolution, but the lower image contrast as well. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between resolution and contrast for LED array microscopes. The Fourier ptychographic algorithm can overcome this tradeoff by increasing image contrast without sacrificing spatial resolution. However, the Fourier ptychographic algorithm requires acquisition of multiple images, which is time‐consuming and results in live sample imaging challenging. To solve this problem, we develop contrast‐enhanced, single‐shot LED array microscopy based on the Fourier ptychographic algorithm and deep learning. The sample to be imaged is under illumination by all LEDs of the array simultaneously. The image captured is fed to several trained convolutional neural networks to generate the same number of images that are required by the Fourier ptychographic algorithm. We experimentally present that the image contrast of the final reconstruction is remarkably improved in comparison with the image captured. The proposed method can also produce chromatic‐aberration‐free results, even when an objective without aberration correction is used. We believe the method might provide live sample imaging with a low‐cost approach.
Metabolic aspects of genetic ion channel epilepsies
Authors: Neal Elliott S. , Xu Weizhi , Borges Karin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNowadays, particularly in countries with high incomes, individual mutations in people affected by genetic epilepsies are identified, and genetic therapies are being developed. In addition, drugs are being screened to directly target specific mutations, and personalised medicine is possible. However, people with epilepsy do not yet benefit from these advances, and many types of epilepsies are medication‐resistant, including Dravet syndrome. Thus, in the meantime, alternative and effective treatment options are needed. There is increasing evidence that metabolic deficits contribute to epileptic seizures and that such metabolic impairments may be amenable to treatment, with metabolic treatment options like the ketogenic diet being employed with some success. However, the brain metabolic alterations that occur in ion channel epilepsies are not well‐understood, nor how these may differ from epilepsies that are of acquired and unknown origins. Here, we provide an overview of studies investigating metabolic alterations in epilepsies caused by mutations in the SCN1A and KCNA1 genes, which are currently the most studied ion channel epilepsies in animal models. The metabolic changes found in these models are likely to contribute to seizures. A metabolic basis of these ion channel epilepsies is supported by human and/or animal studies that show beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet, which may be mediated by the provision of auxiliary brain fuel in the form of ketone bodies. Other potentially more preferred dietary therapies including medium‐chain triglycerides and triheptanoin have also been tested in a limited number of studies, but their efficacies remain to be clearly established. The extent to which brain metabolism is affected in people with Dravet syndrome, KCNA1 epilepsy and the models thereof still requires clarification. This requires more experiments that yield functional insight into metabolism.image
Muscle activity between dentate and edentulous patients rehabilitated with dental prostheses: A systematic review
Authors: Neves Bruna Rocha , Costa Rayanna Thayse Florêncio , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza , Moraes Sandra Lúcia Dantas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdequate muscle activity is important for the success of oral rehabilitation: it maintains the integrity of the stomatognathic system and is responsible for chewing movements needed to break, crush and grind food.ObjectiveTo compare muscle activity using electromyography (EMG) while clenching or chewing soft and/or hard foods among individuals with natural dentition (ND) and edentulous patients rehabilitated with dental prostheses.MethodsThis review was conducted until March, 2023, and the research question was “Is the muscle activity of edentulous patients rehabilitated with dental prostheses similar to that of dentate individuals?” A search strategy was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lilacs, Embase and manual journal searches.ResultsTen studies were included in the analysis. Most of them reported that individuals with ND had significant higher muscle activity (clenching or chewing) than complete dentures (CD) users. However, no difference was observed between patients with full mouth implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis (ISFDP) and ND. Additionally, two studies compared patients with mandibular ISFDP with maxillary CD and individuals with ND and found no differences; however, one study concluded that patients with ISFDP with CD (maxillary or mandibular) had lower muscle activity than individuals with ND. Only one study reported a higher muscle activity in patients with full‐mouth ISFDP than in individuals with ND.ConclusionsBimaxillary CD users had lower muscle activity than individuals with ND. During rehabilitation, the muscle activity of patients with full‐mouth ISFDP and mandibular ISFDP with maxillary CD is similar to individuals with ND.
Effects of periodontal cells‐derived extracellular vesicles on mesenchymal stromal cell function
Authors: Han Pingping , Johnson Nigel , Abdal‐hay Abdalla , Moran Corey S. , Salomon Carlos , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo enrich and compare three extracellular vesicles—EV subtypes (apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and small EV) from three periodontal cells (periodontal ligament cells—PDLCs, alveolar bone‐derived osteoblasts—OBs and gingival fibroblasts—GFs), and assess uptake and cell function changes in buccal fat pad‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BFP‐MSCs).BackgroundPeriodontal cells such as PDLCs, OBs and GFs have the potential to enhance bone and periodontal regeneration, but face significant challenges, such as the regulatory and cost implications of in vitro cell culture and storage. To address these challenges, it is important to explore alternative ‘cell‐free’ strategies, such as extracellular vesicles which have emerged as promising tools in regenerative medicine, to facilitate osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration.Methods and MaterialsSerial centrifuges at 2600 and 16 000 g were used to isolate apoptotic bodies and microvesicles respectively. Small EV—sEV was enriched by our in‐house size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The cellular uptake, proliferation, migration and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation genes were analysed after EVs uptake in BFP‐MSCs.ResultsThree EV subtypes were enriched and characterised by morphology, particle size and EV‐associated protein expression—CD9. Cellular uptake of the three EVs subtypes was observed in BFP‐MSCs for up to 7 days. sEV from the three periodontal cells promoted proliferation, migration and osteogenic gene expression. hOBs‐sEV showed superior levels of osteogenesis markers compared to that hPDLCs‐sEV and hGFs‐sEV, while hOBs‐16k EV promoted adipogenic gene expression compared to that from hPDLCs and hGFs.ConclusionsOur proof‐of‐concept data demonstrate that hOBs‐sEV might be an alternative cell‐free therapeutic for bone tissue engineering.
Effects of different sodium acetate levels on growth, antioxidant capacity, and fat deposition in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis fed a high fat diet
Authors: Gou Nina , Jin Tiezhi , Yang Bin , Wang Kaifeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids are regarded as promising feed additives, acetate is one of them. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of sodium acetate (SA) on Onychostoma macrolepis fed a high‐fat diet. O. macrolepis (2.1 ± 0.1 g) were reared in 12 aquariums (three aquarium/group, 15 fish/aquarium), fed a high‐fat diet (control), and a high‐fat diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% SA for 56 days. Diet supplemented with 1.0% SA significantly increased the weight gain of O. macrolepis fed the high‐fat diet. Dietary SA reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. The addition of 1.0% and 2.0% SA significantly decreased non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and TG concentrations in liver. Dietary SA (1.0% and 2.0%) significantly improved total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activities in the liver. In comparison to the control group, the addition of 1.0% and 2.0% SA significantly up‐regulated lipolysis gene expression levels in the liver. These findings suggest that high fat diets supplemented with 1%–2.0% SA can improve growth, liver health, and antioxidant capacity in O. macrolepis.
Transformative leadership: President Ricardo Lagos and democratic civilian control of armed forces in Chile (2000–2006)
Authors: Avendaño Mireya Dávila 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn Chile, military subordination to civilians has been a difficult, gradual, and unaccomplished process. Using a qualitative approach, this case study analyzes how a head of state—President Ricardo Lagos (2000–2006)—introduced without constitutional prerogatives important changes in military subordination to civilian authorities. Based on political leadership studies and civil–military relations theory, we analyze the constitutional reforms that ended military presence in the Senate, and two policy changes—military acquisitions and human rights. We argue that President Lagos' transformation type of effective leadership made these changes possible.
Cool, dry nights and short heatwaves during growth result in longer telomeres in temperate songbird nestlings
Authors: Eastwood Justin R. , Dupoué Andréaz , Verhulst Simon , Cockburn Andrew , Peters Anne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExposure to rising sublethal temperatures can affect development and somatic condition, and thereby Darwinian fitness. In the context of climate warming, these changes could have implications for population viability, but they can be subtle and consequently difficult to quantify. Using telomere length (TL) as a known biomarker of somatic condition in early life, we investigated the impact of pre‐hatching and nestling climate on six cohorts of wild nestling superb fairy wrens (Malurus cyaneus) in temperate south‐eastern Australia. Models incorporating only climate information from the nestling phase were best supported compared to those including the (pre‐)laying to incubation phase (previously shown to affect mass) or both phases combined. This implies that nestling TL is most sensitive to ambient climate in the nestling phase. The top model showed a negative relationship between early‐life TL and nestling mean daily minimum temperature when rainfall was low which gradually became positive with increasing rainfall. In addition, there was a positive relationship between TL and the frequency of hot days (daily maximum temperature ≥35°C), although these temperatures were rare and short‐term. Including other pre‐hatching and nestling period, climate variables (e.g., mean daily maximum temperature and mean diurnal temperature variability) did not improve the prediction of nestling TL. Overall, our results suggest that cooler nights when conditions are dry and short‐term temperature spikes above 35°C during development are conducive for somatic maintenance. While these findings indicate a potential pathway for climate warming to impact wildlife fitness, they emphasize the need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these complex associations.
The PIF1/PIF3‐MED25‐HDA19 transcriptional repression complex regulates phytochrome signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Guo Qiang , Jing Yanjun , Gao Yuan , Liu Yitong , Fang Xiaofeng , Lin Rongcheng 
Published: August 2023

Summary

Light signals are perceived by photoreceptors, triggering the contrasting developmental transition in dark‐germinated seedlings. Phytochrome‐interacting factors (PIFs) are key regulators of this transition. Despite their prominent functions in transcriptional activation, little is known about PIFs' roles in transcriptional repression.

Here, we provide evidence that histone acetylation is involved in regulating phytochrome‐PIFs signaling in Arabidopsis.

The histone deacetylase HDA19 interacts and forms a complex with PIF1 and PIF3 and the Mediator subunit MED25. The med25/hda19 double mutant mimics and enhances the phenotype of pif1/pif3 in both light and darkness. HDA19 and MED25 are recruited by PIF1/PIF3 to the target loci to reduce histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility, providing a mechanism for PIF1/PIF3‐mediated transcriptional repression. Furthermore, MED25 forms liquid‐like condensates, which can compartmentalize PIF1/PIF3 and HDA19 in vitro and in vivo, and the number of MED25 puncta increases in darkness.

Collectively, our study establishes a mechanism wherein PIF1/PIF3 interact with HDA19 and MED25 to mediate transcriptional repression in the phytochrome signaling pathway and suggests that condensate formation with Mediator may explain the distinct and specific transcriptional activity of PIF proteins.
Coordination of growth and drought responses by GA‐ABA signaling in rice
Authors: Liao Zhigang , Zhang Yunchao , Yu Qing , Fang Weicong , Chen Meiyao , Li Tianfei , Liu Yi , Liu Zaochang , Chen Liang , Yu Shunwu , Xia Hui , Xue Hong‐Wei , Yu Hong , Luo Lijun 
Published: August 2023

Summary

The drought caused by global warming seriously affects the crop growth and agricultural production. Plants have evolved distinct strategies to cope with the drought environment. Under drought stress, energy and resources should be diverted from growth toward stress management.

However, the molecular mechanism underlying coordination of growth and drought response remains largely elusive.

Here, we discovered that most of the gibberellin (GA) metabolic genes were regulated by water scarcity in rice, leading to the lower GA contents and hence inhibited plant growth. Low GA contents resulted in the accumulation of more GA signaling negative regulator SLENDER RICE 1, which inhibited the degradation of abscisic acid (ABA) receptor PYL10 by competitively binding to the co‐activator of anaphase‐promoting complex TAD1, resulting in the enhanced ABA response and drought tolerance.

These results elucidate the synergistic regulation of crop growth inhibition and promotion of drought tolerance and survival, and provide useful genetic resource in breeding improvement of crop drought resistance.
Functional identity drives tree species richness‐induced increases in litterfall production and forest floor mass in young tree communities
Authors: Wan Xiaohua , Joly François‐Xavier , Jia Hui , Zhu Min , Fu Yanrong , Huang Zhiqun 
Published: August 2023

SummaryForest floor accumulation is a key process that influences ecosystem carbon cycling. Despite evidence suggesting that tree diversity and soil carbon are positively correlated, most soil carbon studies typically omit the response of the forest floor carbon to tree diversity loss.Here, we evaluated how tree species richness affects forest floor mass and how this effect is mediated by litterfall production and forest floor decay rate in a tree diversity experiment in a subtropical forest.We observed that greater tree species richness leads to higher forest floor accumulation at the soil surface through increasing litterfall production – positively linked to functional trait identity (i.e. community‐weighted mean functional trait) rather than functional diversity – and unchanged forest floor decay. Interestingly, structural equation modelling revealed that this lack of overall significant tree species richness effect on forest floor decay rate was due to two indirect and opposite effects cancelling each other out. Indeed, tree species richness increased forest floor decay rate through increasing litterfall production while decreasing forest floor decay rate by increasing litter species richness.Our reports of greater organic matter accumulation in the forest floor in species‐rich forests suggest that tree diversity may have long‐term and important effect on ecosystem carbon cycling and services.
Optimal capacity sizing of park‐and‐ride lots with information‐aware commuters
Authors: Wang Xinchang , He Qie 
Published: August 2023

We study capacity sizing of park‐and‐ride lots that offer services to commuters sensitive to congestion and parking availability information. The goal is to determine parking lot capacities that maximize the total social welfare for commuters whose parking lot choices are predicted using the multinomial logit model. We formulate the problem as a nonconvex nonlinear program that involves a lower and an upper bound on each lot's capacity, and a fixed‐point constraint reflecting the effects of parking information and congestion on commuters' lot choices. We show that except for at most one lot, the optimal capacity of each lot takes one of three possible values. Based on analytical results, we develop a one‐variable search algorithm to solve the model. We learn from numerical results that the optimal capacity of a lot with a high intrinsic utility tends to be equal to the upper bound. By contrast, a lot with a low or moderate‐sized intrinsic utility tends to attain an optimal capacity on its effective lower bound. We evaluate the performance of the optimal solution under different choice scenarios of commuters who are shared with real‐time parking information. We learn that commuters are better off in an average choice scenario when both the effects of parking information and congestion are considered in the model than when either effect is ignored from the model.
Fear lies in the eyes of the beholder—Robust evidence for reduced gaze dispersion upon avoidable threat
Authors: Merscher Alma‐Sophia , Gamer Matthias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA rapid detection and processing of relevant information in our environment is crucial for survival. The human eyes are drawn to social or threatening stimuli as they may carry essential information on how to behave appropriately in a given context. Recent studies further showed a centralization of gaze that reminded of freezing behaviors in rodents. Probably constituting a component of an adaptive defense mode, centralized eye movements predicted the speed of motor actions. Here we conducted two experiments to examine if and how these presumably survival‐relevant gaze patterns interact. Subjects viewed images including social, that is, faces (Experiment 1, N = 50) or threatening stimuli, that is, snakes or spiders (Experiment 2, N = 50) while awaiting an inevitable (shock), no (safety), or an avoidable shock (flight) they could escape from by a fast button press. The social and threatening cues within the scenes differed in their distance from the image center and we acquired eye‐tracking and autonomic physiological data. Although we observed an initial orienting toward social and threatening stimulus aspects, this exploration pattern vanished towards the end of flight trials when a pronounced centralization of gaze emerged. Replicating previous findings, the amount of this center bias predicted the speed of motor reactions, and we observed a concurrent activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Taken together, the exploration of potentially relevant cues seems to be part of a reflexive‐orienting response regardless of contextual valence. However, centralization of gaze may be a threat‐specific action‐preparatory response that occurs across a wide range of stimulus contexts.
A gendered analysis of the effect of financial inclusion on household welfare in Burundi
Authors: Atta‐Aidoo Jonathan , Matthew Ester Cosmas , Saleh Abdulkarim Onah , Bizoza Saidi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite an improving financial inclusion situation across the developing world, there still exist wide gender gaps in financial inclusion, especially in fragile and post‐conflict countries. In our study, we designed and implemented a survey consisting of 860 households across urban and rural Burundi to examine the effect of financial inclusion on household asset‐based welfare from a gendered perspective. To address any endogeneity concerns, we apply the two‐stage least squares (2SLS) regression method. We find that most Burundian households prefer to save their money at home rather than at a financial institution. Also, mobile money is mainly employed as a means of receiving and withdrawing cash. Our 2SLS regression results reveal that improved financial inclusion has a greater effect on the welfare of female‐headed households than on male‐headed households. We recommend the use of social networks as an avenue to promote financial inclusion and literacy. Additionally, the Government of Burundi can collaborate with the telecommunication operators to institute small loan schemes through the mobile money platform to enhance access to credit, especially for women.
Safety plan use in the daily lives of adolescents after psychiatric hospitalization
Authors: May Alexis M. , Al‐Dajani Nadia , Ballard Elizabeth D. , Czyz Ewa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionSafety planning type interventions (SPTI's) are brief suicide‐specific interventions. Little is known about safety plan use during high‐risk periods, and whether safety plan use is influenced by baseline characteristics. This study examined how adolescents recently hospitalized for suicide risk use their safety plans post‐discharge, tested moderators of safety plan utilization, and explored the relationship between changes in utilization and changes in suicidal ideation (SI) over time.MethodsSeventy‐eight adolescents hospitalized for suicide risk who participated in a pilot trial of safety planning responded to one survey/day for 4 weeks post‐discharge and completed a 1‐month assessment.ResultsOver 90% of adolescents reported having access to their safety plan during the month post‐discharge. Safety plan use and SI declined over time. No baseline characteristics predicted safety plan use in the 4 weeks after discharge, or changes in safety plan use over time. However, the relationship between changes in safety plan use and changes in SI was moderated. For girls, SI and safety plan use rose and fell together; for boys, safety plan use declined regardless of changes in SI.ConclusionsHigh‐risk adolescents retain and use their safety plans. Results underscore the importance of looking at sex effects on SPTI utilization.