bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of muscle fatigue on exercise-induced hamstring muscle damage: a three-armed randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schwiete Carsten , Roth Christian , Skutschik Christoph , Möck Sebastian , Rettenmaier Lukas , Happ Kevin , Broich Holger , Behringer Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hamstring injuries in soccer reportedly increase towards the end of the matches’ halves as well as with increased match frequency in combination with short rest periods, possibly due to acute or residual fatigue. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of acute and residual muscle fatigue on exercise-induced hamstring muscle damage.

Methods
A three-armed randomized-controlled trial, including 24 resistance-trained males, was performed allocating subjects to either a training group with acute muscle fatigue + eccentric exercise (AF/ECC); residual muscle fatigue + eccentric exercise (RF/ECC) or a control group with only eccentric exercise (ECC). Muscle stiffness, thickness, contractility, peak torque, range of motion, pain perception, and creatine kinase were assessed as muscle damage markers pre, post, 1 h post, and on the consecutive three days.

Results
Significant group × time interactions were revealed for muscle thickness (p = 0.02) and muscle contractility parameters radial displacement (Dm) and contraction velocity (Vc) (both p = 0.01), with larger changes in the ECC group (partial η2 = 0.4). Peak torque dropped by an average of 22% in all groups; stiffness only changed in the RF/ECC group (p = 0.04). Muscle work during the damage protocol was lower for AF/ECC than for ECC and RF/ECC (p = 0.005).

Conclusion
Hamstring muscle damage was comparable between the three groups. However, the AF/ECC group resulted in the same amount of muscle damage while accumulating significantly less muscle work during the protocol of the damage exercise.

Trial registration
This study was preregistered in the international trial registration platform (WHO; registration number: DRKS00025243).
Legume effects in a native community invaded by alien Asteraceae in a multi-species comparison
Authors: Ferenc Viktoria , Brendel Marco R. , Sheppard Christine S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFacilitation has been a long-neglected type of interaction but received more attention recently. Legumes are commonly involved in facilitative interactions due to their nitrogen fixation. Facilitative interactions are so far underappreciated yet potentially important for biological invasions, especially given increasing numbers of alien species. In a common garden experiment using 30 annual Asteraceae species (neophytes, archaeophytes, plus some natives), grown in communities with or without legume presence, we measured functional traits and fitness in focal Asteraceae, as well as nitrogen characteristics of Asteraceae and two native community phytometer species. We investigated how legume presence affects relationships between trait and nitrogen concentration and Asteraceae fitness; and whether mechanisms of facilitation in legume presence and its effects on aboveground performance differ among native phytometer, neophyte, and archaeophyte Asteraceae using the δ15N natural abundance method. Lower specific leaf area was associated with higher aboveground biomass and seed production, with a stronger effect in legume absence. Nitrogen concentration had a positive relationship with biomass, but did not generally increase seed production. Our results hint at N facilitation for the native grass phytometer Festuca rupicola when growing in legume presence, whereas the forb Potentilla argentea and 27 alien Asteraceae species did not indicate facilitative effects. Intriguingly, direct legume facilitation in native phytometer species was only detected when growing with archaeophytes neighbors, not with neophytes. This hints at varied mechanisms of competition for nitrogen between natives and alien species of different residence time and deepens the understanding of altered facilitative leguminous effects in alien species presence.
SCRE: special cargo relation extraction using representation learning
Authors: Reshadat Vahideh , Akcay Alp , Zervanou Kalliopi , Zhang Yingqian , de Jong Eelco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe airfreight industry of shipping goods with special handling needs, also known as special cargo, often deals with non-transparent data and outdated technology, resulting in significant inefficiency. A special cargo ontology is a means of extracting, structuring, and storing domain knowledge and representing the concepts and relationships that can be processed by computers. This ontology can be used as the base of semantic data retrieval in many artificial intelligence applications, such as planning for special cargo shipments. Domain information extraction is an essential task in implementing and maintaining special cargo ontology. However, the absence of domain information makes instantiating the cargo ontology challenging. We propose a relation representation learning approach based on a hierarchical attention-based multi-task model and leverage it in the special cargo domain. The proposed relation representation learning architecture is applied for identifying and categorizing samples of various relation types in the special cargo ontology. The model is trained with domain-specific documents on a number of semantic tasks that vary from lightweight tasks in the bottom layers to the heavyweight tasks in the top layers of the model in a hierarchical setting. Therefore, it conveys complementary input features and learns a rich representation. We also train a domain-specific relation representation model that relies only on an entity-linked corpus of cargo shipment domain. These two relation representation models are then employed in a supervised multi-class classifier called Special Cargo Relation Extractor (SCRE). The results of the experiments show that the proposed relation representation models can represent the complex semantic information of the special cargo domain efficiently.
Comparative study of outcomes between allograft intervertebral disc transplantation and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a retrospective cohort study at least 5 years of follow-up
Authors: Zhang Junyou , Ruan Dike , Xuan Anwu , He Qing , Zhang Chao , Xu Cheng , Zhu Chao , Zhou Qing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) seriously affects the long-term efficacy of the operation. Therefore, our team has done a lot of research on allograft intervertebral disc transplantation (AIDT) to prove its feasibility and safety. This study will compare the efficacy between AIDT and ACDF in the treatment of cervical spondylosis.

Methods
All patients who received ACDF or AIDT in our hospital from 2000 to 2016 and followed up for at least 5 years were recruited and divided into ACDF and AIDT groups. The clinical outcomes including functional scores and radiological data of both groups were collected and compared preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 60 months and last follow-up. Functional scores included Japanese Orthopedic Association score (JOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analog Scale of Neck (N-VAS) and Arms (A-VAS) pain, the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) and imaging dates including digital radiographs in the lateral, hyperextension and flexion positions to assess the stability, sagittal balance and mobility of the cervical spine and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to assess the degeneration of adjacent segment.

Results
There were 68 patients with 25 in AIDT group and 43 in ACDF group. Satisfactory clinical results were obtained in both groups, but the long-term NDI score and N-VAS score in the AIDT group were better. The AIDT obtained the same stability and sagittal balance of the cervical spine as fusion surgery. The range of motion of adjacent segments can be restored to the preoperative level after transplantation, but this increases significantly after ACDF. There were significant differences in the superior adjacent segment range of motion (SROM) between two groups at 12 months (P = 0.039), 24 months (P = 0.035), 60 months (P = 0.039) and the last follow-up (P = 0.011). The inferior adjacent segment range of motion (IROM) and SROM had a similar trend in the two groups. The ratio value of the greyscale (RVG) of adjacent segments showed a downward trend. At the last follow-up, the RVG decreased more significantly in the ACDF group. At the last follow-up, there was a significant difference in the incidence of ASDeg between the two groups (P = 0.000). And the incidence of adjacent segment disease (ASDis) is 22.86% in the ACDF group.

Conclusion
The allograft intervertebral disc transplantation may be as an alternative technique to traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the management of cervical degenerative diseases. For the more, the results showed it would improve cervical kinematics and reduce the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration.
Long-term dynamics of tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in central European forests
Authors: Isler Julia , Bugmann Harald , Conedera Marco , Thrippleton Timothy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the 1950s, the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) has progressively invaded forests in southern Switzerland and is becoming a growing concern also north of the Alps. Recent studies have increased the understanding of the species’ ecology, but its role in long-term stand dynamics remains uncertain. Therefore, we simulated the long-term dynamics of unmanaged and managed forest stands in southern and northern Switzerland under current and future climate conditions (RCP8.5) using the forest gap model ForClim. Our results indicate thatA. altissimawill increase its presence in the short term (< 100 yrs), but does not gain dominance in the long term (> 200 yrs), confirming its pioneer character. Timber harvesting led to an increasing share ofA. altissimacompared to unmanaged stands. Overall, our findings suggest that in the long run, a competitive displacement of native dominant species byA. altissimaappears unlikely, with the exception of drought-prone sites under strong climate change. Furthermore, our findings underline the importance of the frequency and intensity of forest management for the long-term abundance ofA. altissimain forest stands.
Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Enables Differentiation of Normal and Early Osteoarthritic Human Knee Joint Articular Cartilage
Authors: Linus Awuniji , Tanska Petri , Sarin Jaakko K. , Nippolainen Ervin , Tiitu Virpi , Mäkelä Janne.T. A. , Töyräs Juha , Korhonen Rami K. , Mononen Mika E. , Afara Isaac O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis degenerates cartilage and impairs joint function. Early intervention opportunities are missed as current diagnostic methods are insensitive to early tissue degeneration. We investigated the capability of visible light-near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) to differentiate normal human cartilage from early osteoarthritic one. Vis-NIRS spectra, biomechanical properties and the state of osteoarthritis (OARSI grade) were quantified from osteochondral samples harvested from different anatomical sites of human cadaver knees. Two support vector machines (SVM) classifiers were developed based on the Vis-NIRS spectra and OARSI scores. The first classifier was designed to distinguish normal (OARSI: 0–1) from general osteoarthritic cartilage (OARSI: 2–5) to check the general suitability of the approach yielding an average accuracy of 75% (AUC = 0.77). Then, the second classifier was designed to distinguish normal from early osteoarthritic cartilage (OARSI: 2–3) yielding an average accuracy of 71% (AUC = 0.73). Important wavelength regions for differentiating normal from early osteoarthritic cartilage were related to collagen organization (wavelength region: 400–600 nm), collagen content (1000–1300 nm) and proteoglycan content (1600–1850 nm). The findings suggest that Vis-NIRS allows objective differentiation of normal and early osteoarthritic tissue, e.g., during arthroscopic repair surgeries.
Success Through Simplicity: What Other Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine Should Learn from History and ChatGPT
Authors: Sedaghat Sam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been developed for medical practice, but few have led to clinically used products. The recent hype of ChatGPT shows us that simple, user-friendly interfaces are one major factor in the applications’ popularity. The majority of AI-based applications in clinical practice are still far from simple-to-use applications with user-friendly interfaces. Therefore, simplifying operations is one key to AI-based medical applications’ success.
Outcome of patients older than 85 years hospitalized in a neurology unit
Authors: Querzola Giacomo , Bellomo Andrea , Salvadori Emilia , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Advanced age is a major determinant of mortality and poor outcome at any level. In hospitalized patients, advanced age is a major issue in terms of prognosis, resource use, and therapeutic choices.

Aims
We aimed at assessing the 1 year outcome of elderly patients admitted to a neurology unit for various acute conditions.

Methods
Consecutive patients admitted to a neurology unit were enrolled and followed-up at 3, 6, and 12 months with structured phone interviews gathering information about mortality, disability, hospital readmissions, and place of residency. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 85 years, availability of written consent and phone contact; no exclusion criteria were applied.

Results
Over a period of 16 months, 131 patients (88.8 ± 3.3, 92 females, 39 males) were admitted. The pre-hospitalization modified Rankin Scale (mRS) median (IQR) score, obtainable in 125 patients, was 2 (0, 3) and > 3 in 28/125 (22.4%) patients. Fifty-eight (46.8%) patients had pre-existing dementia (this information was missing for one patient). Eleven patients died during hospitalization. Of the 120 discharged patients, 60 (50%) were alive at 12 months, 41 died during follow-up (34.2%), and 19 (15.8%) were lost. At 12 months, out of the 60 alive patients, 29 (48.3%) had a mRS > 3. We did not detect predictors of 12-month survival. Predictors of 12-month worsening of functional status were pre-hospitalization mRS, pre-existing cognitive impairment, and male sex.

Conclusions
One-year mortality of elderly patients admitted to a neurology unit is extremely high. After one year, less than one fourth of elderly patients hospitalised for an acute neurological disease are left with only no-to-moderate disability.
The multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) predicts long-term mortality in old type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a 13-year follow-up study
Authors: Salis F. , Cossu E. , Mandas A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) is a tool capable of holistically frame older patients in different settings and affected by different pathologies, establishing a risk of adverse events. Among them, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a common metabolic disease in the elderly, is responsible for complications and deaths. Few previous works have focused specifically on MPI and DM, and none have followed up the patients for more than 3 years. The aim of the present study is to analyze MPI accuracy in predicting mortality in a cohort of T2DM patients followed-up for 13 years.

Methods
The enrolled subjects were evaluated with MPI, identifying three levels of risk: MPI1 (low risk, 0.0–0.33), MPI2 (moderate risk, 0.34–0.66), and MPI3 (severe risk, 0.67–1.0), and with glycated hemoglobin, and years since T2DM diagnosis.

Results
One hundred and seven patients met the inclusion criteria. MPI3 was excluded by further analysis since it was made up of only three patients. Overall, cognitive performances, autonomies in daily living, nutritional status, risk of pressure injuries, comorbidities, and taken drugs were better (p ≤ 0.0077) in MPI1 than MPI2; moreover, the story of T2DM was shorter (p = 0.0026). Cox model showed an overall 13-year survival of 51.9%, and survival rates were significantly smaller in MPI2 (HR: 4.71, p = 0.0007). Finally, increased age (HR: 1.15), poorer cognitive abilities (HR: 1.26), vascular (HR: 2.15), and kidney (HR: 2.17) diseases were independently associated with death.

Conclusion
Our results prove that MPI predicts short-, mid-, and even long-term mortality in T2DM patients, whose death seems to be related to age and cognitive status, and even more to vascular and kidney diseases.
Why students do not engage in contract cheating: a closer look
Authors: Rundle Kiata , Curtis Guy J. , Clare Joseph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContract cheating – students outsourcing assignments to ghost-writers and submitting it as their own – is an issue facing tertiary education institutions globally. Approximately 3% to 11% of higher education students may engage on contract cheating. Understanding why nearly 90% of students do not engage in contract cheating is as important as understanding why other students do, as it can aid in the development of effective interventions and policies. This study addressed limitations in previous research and built upon a measure of Reasons for Not Contract Cheating (RNCC). In this study, 403 university students participated in an online survey consisting of a revised version of the Reasons for Not Contract Cheating measure (RNCC-R) and measures of psychological individual differences, such as the dark triad personality traits, self-control, and autonomy. Two higher-order factors and six sub-factors were identified in the RNCC-R, which included some similarities to the original RNCC. The findings from this study demonstrate the importance of psychological individual differences, such as satisfaction of the need for autonomy, grit (perseverance of effort), and Machiavellianism, in predicting the reasons why students do not engage in contract cheating. Consistent with previous research, this study provides support for the importance of students’ motivation for learning, and their perceived morals and norms, as reasons for not engaging in contract cheating. It additionally provides evidence of the importance of the academic environment, such as respect for academic staff, as a reason why students do not engage in contract cheating.
Factors that impact burnout and psychological wellbeing in Australian postgraduate medical trainees: a systematic review
Authors: Balhatchet Belinda , Schütze Heike , Williams Nicole , Ashford Bruce 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Burnout and poor psychological wellbeing are common in postgraduate medical trainees. However, data relating to Australian trainees are lacking. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesise relevant research on the factors that influence burnout and psychological wellbeing in Australian postgraduate medical trainees.

Methods
A systematic PRISMA search was conducted across eight databases from January 2000 to September 2021. Empirical peer-reviewed studies were included if they focused on one or more factors influencing burnout and psychological wellbeing in Australian postgraduate medical trainees. Screening was independently conducted by two reviewers at each stage of the process. Results were synthesised and analysed using a convergent qualitative synthesis process structured according to the Job Demands-Resources model of occupational stress.

Results
Forty-eight papers were included in the final review. Factors impacting burnout and/or wellbeing (job demands) fell under four themes: (i) working hours and workload; (ii) the work and learning environment; (iii) inappropriate behaviour; and (iv) examinations and academic stress. A small number of job resources were identified.

Conclusion
Burnout and poor psychological wellbeing in Australian postgraduate medical trainees are most associated with long working hours and poor work and learning environments. There is limited research into resources that can protect against burnout and promote wellbeing. More longitudinal and qualitative research is needed to support systemic, long-term interventions that will improve the wellbeing of trainees, reduce the prevalence of burnout and ensure optimal patient care.
A Generalized Two-Component Camassa-Holm System with Complex Nonlinear Terms and Waltzing Peakons
Authors: Pan Xiaolin , Zhou Shouming , Qiao Zhijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with the Cauchy problem for a generalized two-component Camassa-Holm system with waltzing peakons and complex higher-order nonlinear terms. By the classical Friedrichs regularization method and the transport equation theory, the local well-posedness of solutions for the generalized coupled Camassa-Holm system in nonhomogeneous Besov spaces and the critical Besov space $$B^{5/2}_{2,1}\times B^{5/2}_{2,1}$$

B

2
,
1

5
/
2

×

B

2
,
1

5
/
2

was obtained. Besides the propagation behaviors of compactly supported solutions, the global existence and precise blow-up mechanism for the strong solutions of this system are determined. In addition to wave breaking, the another one of the most essential property of this equation is the existence of waltzing peakons and multi-peaked solitray was also obtained.
Extreme Sea Levels and Their Attribution for the Canadian Pacific Coast From a Baroclinic Regional Ocean Model and Tide‐Gauge Data
Authors: Han Guoqi , Lu Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe existing operational storm surge model for the Canadian Pacific coast is barotropic without coupling with tides. Here a baroclinic ocean model, which includes tides, storm surges, intra‐seasonal, seasonal, and interannual variations, is developed to reproduce coastal sea levels in the northeast Pacific from 1993 to 2020. The model results are validated against observations at tide‐gauge sites, demonstrating overall good skills for tides and non‐tidal sea levels. The Gumbel distribution is applied to derive extreme sea levels from hourly sea level anomalies. The model‐based extreme sea levels agree approximately with the observation‐based ones. For the 100‐year return period, modeled total extreme sea levels range from 2.14 m at Victoria Harbour to 4.43 m at Queen Charlotte City, and modeled non‐tidal extreme sea levels from 1.02 m at Bella Bella to 1.78 m at Queen Charlotte City. On average, the model‐based values underestimate the 100‐year return level by 0.18 m for total extreme sea levels and by 0.23 m for non‐tidal extreme sea levels. Both the model‐ and observation‐based results reveal that the storm surge at periods less than 10 d accounts for 60% of the 100‐year non‐tidal extreme sea level, and the intra‐seasonal, seasonal, and interannual variations account for 40% of it. The present study improves coastal sea level modeling and model‐based extreme level estimates. Moreover, this study also demonstrates for the first time that the intra‐seasonal to interannual changes contribute substantially to extreme sea levels and that El Niño can enhance this contribution on the Canadian Pacific coast.