bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health Status and Oral Health-Related Behavior among Schoolchildren of Tumkur
Authors: Bennadi Darshana , Mythri H. , Bharatesh J. V. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The health of the mouth and dentition plays a major role in the life of the child and hence given the main concern with objective to assess oral health status and behavior among schoolchildren and action to be taken to maintain good oral health and behavior among schoolchildren through school oral health programs.

Aim:
To assess oral health status and oral health behavior among schoolchildren of Tumkur.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among schoolchildren of Tumkur using the convenience sampling method. Oral health status was assessed using modified World Health Organization pro forma and behaviors related to oral health was assessed using a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 where descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were applied. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant

Results:
A total of 3641 children were included in the study from 14 randomly selected schools with the age group ranging from 6 to 16 years. Decayed tooth was observed to be more in primary (36%) as well as permanent teeth (62%) and only 30% of the children mentioned they had visited a dentist in the past 1 year and the pain was the main reason for their visit. Majority of their practice was self-relied (94%).

Conclusion:
Overall scenario of the children's oral health is not deplorable, care should be taken to educate them about proper brushing techniques and reduce consumption of sugar.
Teledentistry
Authors: Priyanka Boddeda Suma , Reddy L. Vamsi Krishna , Parlapalli Vineela , Pydi Siva Kumar , Pottem Nagarjuna , Rachuru Yaswanth Sai 
Published: December 2022

Background:
In India, improper access to health services, particularly oral health care, is the main concern. As a result, teledentistry is a novel technique of practicing that ensures an exponential increase in clinical practice and public health-care delivery.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding teledentistry among dental students of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Two hundred and fifty dental students are selected through a random sampling technique, including 3rd year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS), 4th year Bachelor of Dental Surgery, interns, and Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) students studying in Andhra Pradesh. Dental students' knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding teledentistry was recorded using a self-administered, structured, pretested, and validated questionnaire administered through Google Forms, and the completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using Statistical software (SPSS 25). Descriptive statistics included the computation of percentages and inferential statistics; the Chi-square test was used for intergroup comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
A total of 250 (100%) participants participated in the study. Sociodemographic data indicates that most respondents were between 20 and 23 years of age [n = 153 (61.2%)]. Most of the respondents accounted are females [n = 184 (73.6%)], and the remaining were males [n = 66 (26.4%)]. Majority of the participants were BDS [n = 193 (77.2%)] and the remaining were MDS [n = 57 (22.8%)]. The majority of postgraduate students, 77.2% (P = 0.022), were found to be familiar with the definition of teledentistry. It was observed that the majority of postgraduate students, 78.9% (P = 0.02) had knowledge about teledentistry and how to improve the health education of the masses. It shows that 61.4% (P = 0.002) of postgraduates believe that teledentistry can save time in dental practice. The overall study results uncovered that the postgraduates had a greater mean knowledge score than undergraduates.

Conclusion:
Most dental students were aware of teledentistry, its benefits, drawbacks, and how to use it. As teledentistry is still a nascent technology, this topic should be included in dental education.
Reasons for and Perceptions about the COVID-19 Vaccination among Dental Undergraduate Students in India
Authors: Mehra Ashna , Awhad Rutika , Desai Rajiv , Banga Kulvindersingh , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: December 2022

Background:
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Efforts are being taken to control the spread of this disease, of which the development of vaccine against COVID-19 is a major landmark. However, doubts on the efficacy of the vaccine do exist among the population.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to know the reasons for, perceptions of, and knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccination among dental undergraduate students.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted using an online survey and distributed among undergraduate dental students throughout India. An online validated and piloted questionnaire was sent to dental colleges throughout India using the Google Forms platform. The responses were downloaded in MS Excel 2019. Descriptive analysis (SPSS IBM, USA version 25) was used.

Results:
The response rate of the study was 32%. Preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection was the primary reason for getting vaccinated and nonavailability of long-term safety data was the main reason for not getting vaccinated. Majority of the students agree that wearing masks, frequent handwashing, hand sanitation, and social distancing postvaccination are necessary.

Conclusion:
The study points to a rational wait-and-watch strategy adopted by majority of vaccine-hesitant dental students, though the flaws in reasons for getting vaccinated were observed in the present study. These flaws point to the need for a genuine, consolidated, up-to-date, unified easily available, and succinct source of information on all aspects of the present COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessment of Periodontal Disease Severity in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Rao Amita , Subramanyam K. , Kumar Ballamoole Krishna , D'Souza Neevan 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tooth-supporting structures. Transient bacteremia during periodontal infection may lead to direct bacterial invasion of endothelial cells.

Aim:
To observe if the patient's periodontal status has an influence on the severity of the cardiac disease.

Materials and Methods:
Subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques were extracted from patients with coronary artery disease in this cross-sectional analytical study. Based on the nested polymerase chain reaction results, 44 patients were age- and gender-matched and divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of periodontal pathogens belonging to the red complex in the atherosclerotic plaque samples. Version 20.0 of IBM SPSS Statistics for the Windows was used to analyze the data. The Pearson Chi-square test was done to investigate the association between periodontal status and pathogen detection, as well as determine the relationship between periodontal severity and cardiac severity. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Statistically insignificant association was observed between periodontal severity and the detection of the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia in the subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques in Group A; however, a significant association was observed for the pathogen Treponema denticola in the subgingival plaque for both Groups A (P = 0.039) and B (P = 0.005). No significant association was observed between the periodontal severity and cardiac severity for Groups A (P = 0.40) and B (P = 0.277). A weak positive but statistically insignificant (P = 0.097) correlation was observed for overall periodontal and cardiac severity.

Conclusion:
A higher percentage of patients had generalized chronic periodontitis in the group that tested positive for the pathogens in the atherosclerotic plaques, indicating a possible influence of periodontal status on cardiac outcomes.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi Oil Against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Yavagal Puja C. , Rajeshwar Shraddha Shivakumar 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) oil is used widely because of its nutritional value, antioxidant and antibacterial activity against various microorganisms, but there are no studies that relate the antibacterial activity of Ajwain oil against periodontal pathogens.

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition of T. ammi (Ajwain seed) oil and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans through serial tube dilution and disc diffusion methods.

Materials and Methods:
An in vitro study was conducted. Ajwain oil (100%) and chlorhexidine solution (0.2%) were purchased. Blood agar media with hemin, Vitamin K and Kanamycin, crystal violet erythromycin blood agar, and thioglycolate broth with 1% horse serum were used to culture P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, respectively. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration of test agents were assessed using the serial dilution method, and the zone of inhibition was assessed by the Agar disc diffusion method.

Results:
Ajwain oil had the ability to exert antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans at a MIC of 0.4, 0.4, and 0.8 μg/ml, respectively. Ajwain oil exerted bactericidal effect against P gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans at a minimum concentration of 0.4, 0.4, and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively, and bacteriostatic effect at a minimum concentration of 0.2, 0.2, and 3.12 μg/ml, respectively. At 50% μg/ml concentration, Ajwain oil exhibited a higher zone of inhibition compared to chlorhexidine against P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Conclusion:
Ajwain oil demonstrated antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogens in vitro.
Assessing the Sudden Shift From Classroom to Online Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Thakar Sahil , Sharma Swati , Anuradha K. P. , Shivalingesh K. K. , Uppal Mansimranjit K. , Mishra Shraddha , Pokharel Priya 
Published: December 2022

Context:
The COVID-19 pandemic has led all educational institutions to temporarily close and provide online learning to their students.

Aim:
This study aims to assess students' perspectives of such a “sudden shift” from classroom-based teaching methodologies to the use of online platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire was distributed among students across the globe using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire was pretested, prevalidated, and contained 24 close ended and one open-ended question (s) divided into 4 sections. Data obtained were transferred to SPSS version 21.0 and on applying the Shapiro–Wilk test, data were found to be parametric. Therefore, the independent samples t-test and multivariate linear regression were applied to analyze the data keeping P value significant at ≤0.5.

Results:
Of the total of 715 responses received, most students belonged to India (35.2%) followed by Saudi Arabia (14.5%). Majority of them belonged to the dental background (30.2%) followed by medical (16.1%) and architecture (12.9%). 50.1% used their cellular data to access the Internet and 59.2% of students preferred using a mobile phone. 44.8% of students reported technical issues (P = 0.01), resulting in only 33.4% of the students being able to understand the entire lecture/activity completely (P = 0.01). 58.7% of the students did not prefer online learning (P = 0.03). Linear regression revealed a significant preference for offline learning between students pursuing all levels of education.

Conclusions:
Although students preferred offline learning, universities are encouraged to sensitize their students to online learning techniques so that they are prepared to “suddenly shift” to online learning due to a variety of reasons (pandemics, natural disasters, and chronic illness).
Effect of Pomegranate Mouthrinse on Gingival Health
Authors: Marya Charu Mohan , Singroha Swati , Nagpal Ruchi , Taneja Pratibha , Kataria Sakshi , Kashyap Parul 
Published: December 2022

Aim:
To evaluate the efficacy of Punica granatum mouthrinse as compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) on periodontal health.

Settings and Design:
This was a randomized controlled trial among patients aged ≥40 years selected from the outpatient department of Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research.

Methodology:
Fifty subjects diagnosed with chronic generalized gingivitis were selected and randomly divided into two groups, i.e., P. granatum mouthrinse group and CHX group. The mouthrinse extract was prepared using peel of P. granatum fruit. Patients were advised to use their prescribed mouthwash for 21 days. Clinical evaluation was done at baseline, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days using the gingival index and the plaque index.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS Inc 21 software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used. For inferential statistics, Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used.

Results:
There was significant improvement in gingival status in both the sites. Subjects using P. granatum rinse showed significant improvement in gingival scores as compared with CHX. In contrast, P. granatum was shown not to be so effective in reducing plaque scores.

Conclusions:

P. granatum rinse is beneficial in improving gingival status due to its profound styptic action, with sufficient reduction in plaque scores.
Impact of Social Media on Dental Treatment Choices
Authors: Taneja Pratibha , Mahapatra Soumya , Marya Charu Mohan , Nagpal Ruchi , Kataria Sakshi 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Social media also helps to attract a diverse group of people that we may not have thought would be interested in oral health; working together, we can keep the oral health message alive.

Objectives:
The objective is to assess the impact of social media on dental treatment choices and to find the best social media platform to promote oral health based on their use.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the users of Facebook, Instagram, and Whatsapp. Online questionnaire link was constructed using the Google survey tool of Gmail. Questionnaire was circulated through snowball methodology, i.e., link was sent to friends or added contact person on the phone and then was forwarded to the next friend circle. The questionnaire was comprised of 14 questions and was sent to 700 participants. For descriptive and inferential statistics, SPSS 21 was used. KMO and Bartlett's test was used for factorial analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Majority of the participants reported Whatsapp to be the most used app, and the frequency of usage is several times a day (81.8%). Significantly more number of the subjects (43.9%) followed dentists on Instagram. However, more number of the participants reported promotion on Facebook as the reason for their dental visit. The majority (62.4%) of the participants would get affected by written experiences and criticism about dental care on social networking sites and almost half of them get affected in choosing a dentist by the activity of their account. A high proportion of the participants (69.7%) claimed that they watch instructional videos uploaded on social media, but majority of them (78.5%) do not have any applications related to dentistry.

Conclusion:
Whatsapp can be used as an informative tool for self-oral health promotion as it was found to be the most preferred app.
Cost-Effective Analysis of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Comparison to Glass Ionomer Cement Along with Fluoride Varnish in the Management of Early Childhood Caries in Anganwadi Centers of Mangalore
Authors: Kodali Prakash Babu , Hegde Vijaya , Minhaz Rasheed , Mithra P. Prasanna , Alva Shubhan , Joseph Joe , S Roshni RS 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major public health challenge affecting preschool children. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a noninvasive, alternative method to surgical intervention in the treatment of ECC. It has also shown to inhibit the development of new carious lesions.

Materials and Methods:
An open-labeled randomized controlled trail was conducted among 200 Anganwadi children. They were divided into two groups: Group A received oral prophylaxis and application of 38% SDF and Group B received oral prophylaxis, restoration using glass ionomer cement (GIC) and application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV). The effectiveness in reduction of dental caries was assessed based on its ability to result in a positive outcome postintervention. Cost-effectiveness analysis, from the service provider perspective, was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of SDF when compared to GIC followed by the application of FV. Average cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for all the specific outcomes were assessed.

Results:
The average cost for converting an individual tooth from active caries to inactive caries using SDF was 67.30 Indian Rupees (INR), whereas the same was 225.5 INR using GIC with FV. The ICER of the interventions for the total number of inactive caries postintervention was measured at −89.9, implying that Incremental costs of one extra tooth of active caries to be converted into inactive caries using SDF will cost 89.9 INR less compared to the same outcome using GIC with FV.

Conclusions:
Thus, the study showed that SDF was cost-effective when compared to GIC in restoring active carious lesions.
Oral Hygiene Practices and Caries Experience Among School Leaving Children in Rural Area
Authors: Ravoori Srinivas , Yaddanapalli Suresh Chand , Shaik Parveen Sultana , Talluri Devaki , Pachava Srinivas , Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease and its treatment is the most prevalent unmet health need among school-leaving children. Caries experience among school leaving age group is important as India is a rapidly growing nation in terms of population as today's children are tomorrow's future citizens of the nation.

Methodology:
To know the oral hygiene practices and caries experience among school-leaving children in a rural area, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Chebrolu Mandal using a multistage random sampling technique to obtain the required sample size. The data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire followed by oral examination using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The descriptive analysis included mean and standard deviations, Chi-square test, unpaired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Only a few children have a habit of brushing their teeth twice daily 137 (27.6%); rinse their mouth after every meal 116 (23.4%); dispose of toothbrush every 3 months (11.7%); spends <1-min brushing (4.8%); and cleans their tongue using tongue cleaner (25.2%). When DMFT scores were compared to the brushing techniques of the children, significantly higher mean DMFT scores were observed in children who brush once a day (1.49 ± 1.133).

Conclusion:
Caries' experience was more in children who brushed their teeth once a day with horizontal brushing technique and this shows that the study subjects do not follow correct brushing techniques and other oral hygiene practices.
The reliability of Juvenile Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring system in the evaluation of the shoulder joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Sudhakar Murugan , Deswal Shivani , Sachdev Namrita , Pal Somdipa , Pal Yadav Tribhuvan 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate shoulder joint by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the Juvenile Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring (JAMRIS) system in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to compare clinical, laboratory parameters and disease activity scores with MRI parameters.
Patients and methods: A total of 32 shoulder joints of 20 patients (16 males, 4 females; mean age: 8.9±3.5 years; range, 2.5 to 14 years) with a known diagnosis of JIA and a clinical suspicion of shoulder joint involvement and underwent MRI were included. Reliability was determined by inter- and intra-observer correlation coefficients. Correlation of the clinical and laboratory parameters with JAMRIS scores was done using the non-parametric tests. Sensitivity of clinical examination to detect shoulder joint arthritis was also determined.
Results: Of the 32 joints, 27 joints in 17 patients showed MRI changes. Seven joints in five patients fulfilled the definition of clinical arthritis, all revealed MRI changes. In 25 joints without clinical arthritis, early and late MRI changes were seen in 19 (67%) and 12 (48%) joints, respectively. The inter- and intra-observer correlation coefficients for JAMRIS system were excellent. No correlation was found between MRI parameters, clinical, laboratory, and disease activity scores. The sensitivity of clinical examination to detect shoulder joint arthritis was 25.9%.
Conclusion: The JAMRIS system is reliable and reproducible to determine shoulder joint inflammation in JIA. Detection of shoulder joint arthritis by clinical examination has a poor sensitivity
Plan de acción ambiental para prevenir la Contaminación Atmosférica en el Tráfico Marítimo en el Ecuador, caso Scrubber
Authors: Lituma Vera Victor Hugo , Mejía Benavides Aníbal , Flores Ledesma Katia Ninozca , Cánez Palomino Rafael Wilber 
Published: December 2022

La investigación tiene como objetivo general revisar las leyes aplicadas a la contaminación atmosférica en el Tráfico Marítimo en el Ecuador. La investigación es de tipo básico, diseño de revisión sistemática bibliográfica, basados en un enfoque cualitativo y de diseño descriptivo, para lo cual se utilizaron artículos indexados y de normas internacionales, de los buscadores bibliográficos, Mendeley quedando alineado el anexo VI del convenio MARPOL 73/78; luego de aplicar los criterios analíticos de inclusión y exclusión, con el programa Atlas.ti, se procesó los datos más comunes de texto, gráficos y fuentes bibliográficas, utilizando la técnica de análisis documental; los resultados obtenidos, en base a los objetivos planteados y del análisis técnico - legal del anexo VI del convenio internacional MARPOL, se concluye que existe la necesidad que el Estado Ecuatoriano deberá adoptar por adherirse a este anexo que es clave para aplicar las reglas de prevención a la contaminación atmosférica provocada por el tráfico marítimo en el puerto. Por lo tanto, es importante que la variable del plan de acción se interiorice a la problemática legal ambiental del Ecuador; asimismo, a sus organismos gubernamentales, operadores de control de recepción de los desechos generados de las embarcaciones y a los usuarios del Sistema Portuario Nacional, que podrán utilizar como herramienta el anexo VI, como regla de la prevención y control ambiental a todas las embarcaciones que ingresan al canal de navegación del Golfo de Guayaquil con la finalidad de preservar el ecosistema natural del sector que es patrimonio de la humanidad