bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Stroke in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction Without Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kondo Toru , Jering Karola S. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Anand Inder S. , Desai Akshay S. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Martinez Felipe A. , Packer Milton , Petrie Mark C. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Redfield Margaret M. , Rouleau Jean L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Zannad Faiez , Zile Michael R. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
The rate of stroke in patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction but without atrial fibrillation (AF), is uncertain as is whether it is possible to reliably predict the risk of stroke in these patients.

METHODS:
We validated a previously developed simple risk model for stroke among patients enrolled in the I-Preserve trial (Irbesartan in Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function) and PARAGON-HF trial (Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 Compared to Valsartan, on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction). The risk model consisted of 3 variables: history of previous stroke, insulin-treated diabetes, and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level.

RESULTS:
Of the 8924 patients included in the pooled trial dataset, 5126 patients did not have AF at baseline. Among patients without AF, 190 (3.7%) experienced a stroke over a median follow-up of 3.6 years (rate 10.5 per 1000 patient-years). The risk for stroke increased with increasing risk score: second tertile hazard ratio, 1.78 (95% CI, 1.17–2.71); third tertile hazard ratio, 3.03 (95% CI, 2.06–4.47), with the first tertile as reference. For patients in the third tertile, the occurrence rate of stroke was 17.7 per 1000 patient-years, similar to that in patients with AF not receiving anticoagulation (20.7 per 1000 patient-years), and those with AF who were receiving anticoagulation (14.5 per 1000 patient-years). Model discrimination was good with a C index of 0.81 (0.68–0.91) and a simple score could be created from the model.

CONCLUSIONS:
A simple risk model can detect a subset of HF and preserved ejection fraction patients without AF who have a higher risk for stroke. The balance of risk-to-benefit in these individuals may justify the use of prophylactic anticoagulation, but this hypothesis needs to be prospectively evaluated.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT00095238 and NCT01920711.
Pathogenic Roles of Cardiac Fibroblasts in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tsuru Hirofumi , Yoshihara Chika , Suginobe Hidehiro , Matsumoto Mizuki , Ishii Yoichiro , Narita Jun , Ishii Ryo , Wang Renjie , Ueyama Atsuko , Ueda Kazutoshi , Hirose Masaki , Hashimoto Kazuhisa , Nagano Hiroki , Tanaka Ryosuke , Okajima Takaharu , Ozono Keiichi , Ishida Hidekazu 
Published: June 2023

Background
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of heart failure in children. Despite intensive genetic analyses, pathogenic gene variants have not been identified in most patients with DCM, which suggests that cardiomyocytes are not solely responsible for DCM. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the most abundant cell type in the heart. They have several roles in maintaining cardiac function; however, the pathological role of CFs in DCM remains unknown.

Methods and Results
Four primary cultured CF cell lines were established from pediatric patients with DCM and compared with 3 CF lines from healthy controls. There were no significant differences in cellular proliferation, adhesion, migration, apoptosis, or myofibroblast activation between DCM CFs compared with healthy CFs. Atomic force microscopy revealed that cellular stiffness, fluidity, and viscosity were not significantly changed in DCM CFs. However, when DCM CFs were cocultured with healthy cardiomyocytes, they deteriorated the contractile and diastolic functions of cardiomyocytes. RNA sequencing revealed markedly different comprehensive gene expression profiles in DCM CFs compared with healthy CFs. Several humoral factors and the extracellular matrix were significantly upregulated or downregulated in DCM CFs. The pathway analysis revealed that extracellular matrix receptor interactions, focal adhesion signaling, Hippo signaling, and transforming growth factor‐β signaling pathways were significantly affected in DCM CFs. In contrast, single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed that there was no specific subpopulation in the DCM CFs that contributed to the alterations in gene expression.

Conclusions
Although cellular physiological behavior was not altered in DCM CFs, they deteriorated the contractile and diastolic functions of healthy cardiomyocytes through humoral factors and direct cell–cell contact.
Southern Lights: Octavio Paz's “Glimpses of India” and the Art of Relation
Authors: Khullar Sonal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the articulation of south-south relation in Octavio Paz's In Light of India (1995) and A Tale of Two Gardens: Poems from India, 1952-1995 (1997), works of prose and poetry that traverse the antipodes of Mexico and India. These works emphasize partial viewing, repeated comparison, and cultivated sense-perception. They model a poetics of the glimpse, an effect of the play of light and shadow and a privileged mode of seeing for Paz. To glimpse is to see without clarity, control, or complete knowledge. It is to find oneself in the other. Paz's writing anticipates twenty-first-century projects that relate artists and intellectuals in the global south such as the School of the South (2022) programs of the Johannesburg Contemporary Art Foundation inspired by Uruguayan artist Joaquín Torres-García's formulation from 1935. His comparative method suggests new directions for global art history and postcolonial critique.
Color Charts
Authors: Abidi Bani 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the days before the arrival of the internet, Western art history education in Pakistan was mostly disseminated through black and white photocopies of original publications. The glossy pages of art books were transformed into rough copies in varying shades of gray. Rather than understanding this as a disadvantage, I propose, conversely, that this practice constituted a form of radical piracy—the blurred, partial and often completely indecipherable nature of this material proved to be, in fact, a kind of liberation.
Introduction to “Art, Signs, and Cultures” (1977)
Authors: Cohen Joshua I. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This document, translated from the original French, is an edited transcript of a conversation between the Senegalese painter Iba Ndiaye, the French art historian Jean Laude, and a moderator, Roger Pillaudin. It took place on the occasion of the Festival des arts et cultures africaines in Royan, France (March 1977), and was later broadcast on the radio channel France Culture. What stands out in the conversation is the way Laude seeks to negate Ndiaye's cross-cultural experience and background, and arguably his very legitimacy as a contemporary artist. Laude's insistence on adhering to neat categories (linguistic, national, artistic) in engaging with Ndiaye, coupled with Ndiaye's steady defiance of these categories, point to broader tensions between structuralism and area studies, on the one hand, and poststructuralism and postcolonial studies, on the other. The conversation also invites careful scrutiny of the problem of Eurocentrism, in the sense that Laude's structuralist position is in fact anti-Eurocentric: colonialism is condemned for destroying local traditions, which are in turn revered at the expense of allegedly derivative expressions emerging from the same societies. Ndiaye nevertheless holds his own against Laude's aggressive paternalism, and manages to call into question a number of the art historian's assumptions around the perceived axes and obligations of artistic identity.
The Plausibility of Sampling as an Algorithmic Theory of Sentence Processing
Authors: Hoover Jacob Louis , Sonderegger Morgan , Piantadosi Steven T. , O’Donnell Timothy J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Words that are more surprising given context take longer to process. However, no incremental parsing algorithm has been shown to directly predict this phenomenon. In this work, we focus on a class of algorithms whose runtime does naturally scale in surprisal—those that involve repeatedly sampling from the prior. Our first contribution is to show that simple examples of such algorithms predict runtime to increase superlinearly with surprisal, and also predict variance in runtime to increase. These two predictions stand in contrast with literature on surprisal theory [Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008a], which assumes that the expected processing cost increases linearly with surprisal, and makes no prediction about variance. In the second part of this paper, we conduct an empirical study of the relationship between surprisal and reading time, using a collection of modern language models to estimate surprisal. We find that with better language models, reading time increases superlinearly in surprisal, and also that variance increases. These results are consistent with the predictions of sampling-based algorithms.
‘He thinks he is inspired, and he is mad’
Authors: Sobkowiak Piotr 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During the last decades of the eighteenth century, knowledge about Siberia inspired Catherine II to create the main character of one of her comedies, The Siberian Shaman. Taking Foucault’s dispositif-concept as its theoretical premise, the present paper discusses the historical context in which The Siberian Shaman was written, deconstructs the identity of the comedy’s main character, and explores the socio-political purposes for which the comedy was written. By utilising the perspective of entangled history of religions and the methodology of historical discourse analysis, this paper shows that the comedy’s alleged “shamanic” content and “anti-shamanic” purpose cannot be taken for granted. Rather, the discourse in The Siberian Shaman should be read as Catherine II’s own engagement with the themes of unreason and madness within the philosophical, socio-political and religious context of the period.
The Role of Mission Schools in the Development of Football in Nigeria, 1904–1994
Authors: Amaefule Adolphus Ekedimma 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development of football in Nigeria owes a lot to the pioneering Christian missions in the country, especially, the schools they founded. This article examines the particular role that selected Catholic Mission Boys’ Secondary Schools played in this regard from 1904 when the first recorded football match was played in Nigeria, to 1994, when Nigeria’s national football team, the Super Eagles, qualified for the World Cup for the first time. This way, the article contributes to existing literature on: a) the history and development of football in Nigeria b) the role of Christian missions in the development of modern Nigeria c) the relationship between Christianity and sports, in this case, football.
Monnica’s Bishop and the “filius istarum lacrimarum” (conf. 3,21)
Authors: van Oort Johannes 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Augustine is known as “the son of tears.” This essay searches for the meaning of this expression. Based on conf. 3,21, first the background of the African bishop who spoke the winged words is analysed. Not only had he once been handed over to the Manichaeans as an oblate, but he had also become acquainted with their writings. Especially from this experience he gives his advice to Monnica: her son will come to the right insight legendo, i.e. by reading Manichaean texts. From Manichaean texts that recently have become known, some characteristic elements of conf. 3,21 and especially the expression “filius istarum lacrimarum” appear in a new light.
Luther vs. the Lutherans (and Catholics)
Authors: Cumming Nicholas A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines the reception and authority of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon in Francis Turretin’s (1623–1687) Institutio Theologiae Elencticae (1679–1685). Scholarship on the reception of the Reformers in seventeenth-century Calvinism has continued to grow and I argue that Turretin utilized both Luther and Melanchthon in fluid and diverse ways. In particular, Luther and Melanchthon, alongside being authorities against Roman Catholicism, were also used as evidence against the “innovations” of seventeenth-century Lutherans. For Turretin, Luther and Melanchthon were two of God’s prophets sent at the Reformation and Catholics and Lutherans needed to return to “pure” Reformed doctrine as illustrated by Luther and Melanchthon. Though these two were not the only sources of authority for Turretin, they were substantial witnesses against Lutheran and Catholic innovations in the post-Reformation period. Ultimately for Turretin, Luther and Melanchthon were more Reformed than they were Lutheran.
Reform the Pope, Reform the Papacy
Authors: Bellitto Christopher M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464) was not an uncritical supporter of papal authority. This essay recounts a nuanced understanding of his development by looking at a number of treatises and sermons focused on the reform of the pope as person and therefore of the reform of the papacy as institution. Cusanus believed the pope’s authority was grounded in the faith and office of Peter and not personally in Peter’s successor, who could therefore fairly be corrected. The successor to Peter was no more the rock than Peter as a human being had been. Consequently, Cusanus’ recommendations for papal reform began with the personal reform of the pope as a faithful Christian first and not as a prelate. His critiques did not thereby threaten the papacy as an institution but, in fact, were intended to improve the man holding the see of Peter and in so doing to reform the office and its exercise.
The Mechanisms of Royal Generosity (1939–1760 BCE)
Authors: Bardoňová Martina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gift-giving was, and in many societies still is, one of the key social phenomena. The gifts were more than just goods given to somebody. Economically they represent an important means to procure needed goods. Socially, they expressed relationships between donors and recipients and was among the means for an individual to exercise power over another. The present study is conceived as a first step to understanding the complex problem of gift-giving during the Middle Kingdom. Its main aim is to outline the patterns of royal generosity visible in the Twelfth Dynasty (c.1939–1760 BCE) textual sources and to contextualize them with respect to the general findings of evolutionary psychology and Social Exchange Theory.
‘Top-Down’ or ‘Bottom-Up’ Modernisation: Local Railway Entrepreneurs in the Ottoman Empire in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Antonova-Goleva Boriana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In 1857 a local group headed by Bulgarian merchants from the town of Şumnu applied for the Rusçuk and Varna railway concession, in what was one of the earliest attempts by Ottoman subjects to carry out such a capitalist undertaking. Since their application was officially and unofficially supported by the Sublime Porte, this article discusses the genesis and unfolding of this local project as one which resulted both from a ‘top-down’ initiative instigated by the Ottoman government and a ‘bottom-up’ enterprise influenced by new trends in Ottoman economic life.
Ice Crystal Size Distributions in Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems in the Vicinity of Darwin, Australia: Results from the HAIC/HIWC Campaign
Authors: Brechner Peter , McFarquhar Greg M. , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Korolev Alexei V. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Total ice water content (IWC) derived from an isokinetic evaporator probe and ice crystal particle size distributions (PSDs) measured by a two-dimensional stereo probe and precipitation imaging probe installed on an aircraft during the 2014 European High Altitude Ice Crystals–North American High IWC field campaign (HAIC/HIWC) were used to characterize regions of high IWC consisting mainly of small ice crystals (HIWC_S) with IWC ≥ 1.0 g m−3 and median mass diameter (MMD) < 0.5 mm. A novel fitting routine developed to automatically determine whether a unimodal, bimodal, or trimodal gamma distribution best fits a PSD was used to compare characteristics of HIWC_S and other PSDs (e.g., multimodality, gamma fit parameters) for HIWC_S simulations. The variation of these characteristics and bulk properties (MMD, IWC) was regressed with temperature, IWC, and vertical velocity. HIWC_S regions were most pronounced in updraft cores. The three modes of the PSD reveal different dominant processes contributing to ice growth: nucleation for maximum dimension D < 0.15 mm, diffusion for 0.15 < D < 1.0 mm, and aggregation for D > 1.0 mm. The frequency of trimodal distributions increased with temperature. The volumes of equally plausible parameters derived in the phase space of gamma fit parameters increased with temperature for unimodal distributions and, for temperatures less than −27°C, for multimodal distributions. Bimodal distributions with 0.4 mm in the larger mode were most common in updraft cores and HIWC_S regions; bimodal distributions with 0.4 mm in the smaller mode were least common in convective cores.
Four Dogmas of Environmental Economics
Authors: Sagoff Mark 
Published: June 2023

Four dogmas have shaped modern neoclassical economics. The first proposes that markets may fail to allocate resources efficiently, that is, to those willing to pay the most for them. The second asserts that choices, particularly within markets, reveal preferences. The third is the assumption that people always make the choices they expect will benefit them or enhance their welfare. The fourth dogma holds that perfectly competitive markets will allocate resources to their most beneficial uses. This is the doctrine of the invisible hand. I argue that these dogmas of applied welfare economics should be abandoned. One consequence of doing so will be an increased interest in the institutional context of production. A second will be a turn toward empiricism.
In and Out of Time
Authors: Gault Richard 
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the nature of time and its relation to our concerns for the future. It is shown how a new sense of time, chronological time, emerged with the rise of science and modernity. This now familiar time is rarely questioned. Yet, it is argued, this time is intimately bound up with our contemporary problems and our failure to effect solutions. In analysing chronological time it is revealed that the future is devoid of reality in it. This absence of a real sense of the future explains our careless despoiling of the environment. To save our environment we need to resurrect a real sense for the future: only then can the future be truly valued. This means re-discovering another sense of time. This other time is named kairological time. In kairological time there is a more vivid awareness of the future. In this time, too, new ways of acting for the future are opened up. Possibilities for a wiser way to the future in part stem from a revaluation of the past. So the sense of being out of time to save ourselves and our planet can be overcome by a living in this other time, kairological time.
Global Population Growth and the Demise of Nature
Authors: Warner Stanley , Feinstein Mark , Coppinger Raymond , Clemence Elisabeth 
Published: June 2023

Global human population expansion is rooted in a remarkably successful evolutionary innovation. The neolithic transformation of the natural world gave rise to a symbiosis between humans and their domesticated plant and animal partners that will expand from a current 20 per cent to 60 percent of terrestrial biomass by the middle of the coming century. Such an increase must necessarily be accompanied by a concomitant decrease in wildlife biomass. We suggest that current trends in population growth are unlikely to abate for three reasons: first, there are intrinsic biological pressures to reproduce regardless of social engineering; second, the character of the domestic alliance makes it a formidable competitor to wildlife; and third, the timeframe before population doubling is, from a biological perspective, virtually instantaneous. This paper draws from a wide body of research in the biological and social sciences. We neither condone nor endorse this picture of inexorable population increase. Rather, we appeal for a change in the nature of the discussion of population among environmentalists, to focus on the question of how best to manage what wildlife will be left on the margins of a domesticated world.
Weak Panpsychism and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Andrews John 
Published: June 2023

Weak panpsychism, the view that mindlike qualities are widespread in nature, has recently been argued for by the prominent ecofeminist Val Plumwood and has been used by her to ground an ethic of respect for nature. This ethic advocates a principle of respect for difference, the rejection of moral hierarchy and the inclusion of plants, mountains, rivers and ecosystems within the moral community. I argue that weak panpsychism cannot, convincingly, justify the rejection of moral hierarchy, as it is compatible with it. Also the intentional criterion of mind, employed by weak panpsychism, which includes teleology, has the counter-intuitive implication of giving machines moral status. I cast doubt on the claims that (i) intentionality is a necessary condition for moral status and that (ii) it is sufficient for the ascription of agency. It is suggested that any account of intentionality that allows it to be predicated of mountains, rivers etc. would be widely, and correctly regarded as a reductio of that account. Finally an aesthetic reinterpretation of weak panpsychism is offered.
Frailty in primary care: challenges, innovations, and future directions
Authors: Ludlow Kristiana , Todd Oliver , Reid Natasha , Yaman Hakan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFrailty is one of the biggest challenges to healthy ageing, and yet our understanding and management of frailty is in its infancy. In this editorial we outline challenges, innovations and future directions in frailty research in primary care, and invite contributions to BMC Primary Care’s “Frailty in Primary Care” Collection.