bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional responses of two Mediterranean pine species in an ozone Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment
Authors: Hoshika Yasutomo , Cotrozzi Lorenzo , Gavrichkova Olga , Nali Cristina , Pellegrini Elisa , Scartazza Andrea , Paoletti Elena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Effects of the phytotoxic and widespread ozone (O3) pollution may be species specific, but knowledge on Mediterranean conifer responses to long-term realistic exposure is still limited. We examined responses regarding to photosynthesis, needle biochemical stress markers and carbon and nitrogen (N) isotopes of two Mediterranean pine species (Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinea L.). Seedlings were grown in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure experiment with three levels of O3 (ambient air, AA [38.7 p.p.b. as daily average]; 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA) during the growing season (May–October 2019). In P. halepensis, O3 caused a significant decrease in the photosynthetic rate, which was mainly due to a reduction of both stomatal and mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2. Isotopic analyses indicated a cumulative or memory effect of O3 exposure on this species, as the negative effects were highlighted only in the late growing season in association with a reduced biochemical defense capacity. On the other hand, there was no clear effect of O3 on photosynthesis in P. pinea. However, this species showed enhanced N allocation to leaves to compensate for reduced photosynthetic N- use efficiency. We conclude that functional responses to O3 are different between the two species determining that P. halepensis with thin needles was relatively sensitive to O3, while P. pinea with thicker needles was more resistant due to a potentially low O3 load per unit mass of mesophyll cells, which may affect species-specific resilience in O3-polluted Mediterranean pine forests.
Ecophysiological controls on water use of tropical cloud forest trees in response to experimental drought
Authors: Brum Mauro , Vadeboncoeur Matthew , Asbjornsen Heidi , Puma Vilca Beisit L , Galiano Darcy , Horwath Aline B , Metcalfe Daniel B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) are expected to experience more frequent and prolonged droughts over the coming century, yet understanding of TCMF tree responses to moisture stress remains weak compared with the lowland tropics. We simulated a severe drought in a throughfall reduction experiment (TFR) for 2 years in a Peruvian TCMF and evaluated the physiological responses of several dominant species (Clusia flaviflora Engl., Weinmannia bangii (Rusby) Engl., Weinmannia crassifolia Ruiz & Pav. and Prunus integrifolia (C. Presl) Walp). Measurements were taken of (i) sap flow; (ii) diurnal cycles of stem shrinkage, stem moisture variation and water-use; and (iii) intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) estimated from foliar δ13C. In W. bangii, we used dendrometers and volumetric water content (VWC) sensors to quantify daily cycles of stem water storage. In 2 years of sap flow (Js) data, we found a threshold response of water use to vapor pressure deficit vapor pressure deficit (VPD) &gt; 1.07 kPa independent of treatment, though control trees used more soil water than the treatment trees. The daily decline in water use in the TFR trees was associated with a strong reduction in both morning and afternoon Js rates at a given VPD. Soil moisture also affected the hysteresis strength between Js and VPD. Reduced hysteresis under moisture stress implies that TMCFs are strongly dependent on shallow soil water. Additionally, we suggest that hysteresis can serve as a sensitive indicator of environmental constraints on plant function. Finally, 6 months into the experiment, the TFR treatment significantly increased iWUE in all study species. Our results highlight the conservative behavior of TMCF tree water use under severe soil drought and elucidate physiological thresholds related to VPD and its interaction with soil moisture. The observed strongly isohydric response likely incurs a cost to the carbon balance of the tree and reduces overall ecosystem carbon uptake.
Concerns, Career Decisions, and Role Changes: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions of Autonomous Vehicles in the Trucking Industry
Authors: Van Fossen Jenna A , Schuster Amy M , Sperry Danielle , Cotten Shelia R , Chang Chu-Hsiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The increasing adoption of automation will likely replace the tasks performed in many jobs, resulting in new challenges for workers. Yet, little is known regarding how workers perceive automation, including how it may influence their job attitudes and turnover intentions. Automated vehicles (AVs) are one example of new technology poised to alter the job of truck driving, which is overwhelmingly populated by older workers. In this study, we examined truck drivers’, supervisors’, and managers’ attitudes and concerns about AV adoption and its effects on driving jobs to help the transportation industry prepare for automation with minimal workforce disruption. We drew from theorizing on self-interest in economics and lifespan coping theories to contextualize workers’ reactions to automation. We conducted focus groups and interviews with truck drivers (N = 18), supervisors of drivers (N = 8), and upper-level managers of trucking companies (N = 25). Two themes emerged from the thematic analysis: the unknown, and proficiency. AVs may be viewed as threatening by drivers, causing anxiety due to widespread uncertainty and the fear of job loss and loss of control. At the same time, there will be a greater need for drivers to be adaptable for the era of AVs. AVs are also likely to result in other changes to the role of driving, which may have implications for driver recruitment and selection. We interpret our findings together with lifespan theories of control and coping and provide recommendations for organizations to effectively prepare for automation in the trucking industry.
Myeloid vitamin D receptor regulates Paneth cells and microbial homeostasis
Authors: Bakke Danika S. , Zhang Jilei , Zhang Yongguo , Ogbu Destiny , Xia Yinglin , Sun Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCross talk between immune cells and the intestinal crypt is critical in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Recent studies highlight the direct impact of vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling on intestinal and microbial homeostasis. However, the tissue‐specific role of immune VDR signaling is not fully understood. Here, we generated a myeloid‐specific VDR knockout (VDRΔLyz) mouse model and used a macrophage/enteroids coculture system to examine tissue‐specific VDR signaling in intestinal homeostasis. VDRΔLyz mice exhibited small intestine elongation and impaired Paneth cell in maturation and localization. Coculture of enteroids with VDR−/− macrophages increased the delocalization of Paneth cells. VDRΔLyz mice exhibited significant changes in the microbiota taxonomic and functional files, and susceptibility to Salmonella infection. Interestingly, loss of myeloid VDR impaired Wnt secretion in macrophages, thus inhibiting crypt β‐catenin signaling and disrupting Paneth cell differentiation in the epithelium. Taken together, our data have demonstrated that myeloid cells regulate crypt differentiation and the microbiota in a VDR‐dependent mechanism. Dysregulation of myeloid VDR led to high risks of colitis‐associated diseases. Our study provided insight into the mechanism of immune/Paneth cell cross talk in regulating intestinal homeostasis.
TRPV4 regulates β1 integrin‐mediated cell–matrix adhesions and collagen remodeling
Authors: Ji Chenfan , Wang Yongqiang , Wang Qin , Wang Andrew , Ali Aiman , McCulloch Christopher A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransient Receptor Potential Vanilloid‐type 4 (TRPV4) is a mechanosensitive, Ca2+‐permeable plasma membrane channel that associates with focal adhesions, influences collagen remodeling, and is associated with fibrotic processes through undefined mechanisms. While TRPV4 is known to be activated by mechanical forces transmitted through collagen adhesion receptors containing the β1 integrin, it is not understood whether TRPV4 affects matrix remodeling by altering β1 integrin expression and function. We tested the hypothesis that TRPV4 regulates collagen remodeling through its impact on the β1 integrin in cell–matrix adhesions. In cultured fibroblasts derived from mouse gingival connective tissues, which exhibit very rapid collagen turnover, we found that higher TRPV4 expression is associated with reduced β1 integrin abundance and adhesion to collagen, reduced focal adhesion size and total adhesion area, and reduced alignment and compaction of extracellular fibrillar collagen. The reduction of β1 integrin expression mediated by TRPV4 is associated with the upregulation of miRNAs that target β1 integrin mRNA. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which TRPV4 modulates collagen remodeling through post‐transcriptional downregulation of β1 integrin expression and function.
Sacral neuromodulation in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction
Authors: Pham Cecile T. , Parkin Cameron J. , Kovacic James , Yeow Siying , Yang Yunzhi , Delaney Danielle , Chung Amanda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Limited published data exist regarding the utility of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), consisting of only small case series, and, to our knowledge, no Australian data have been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of SNM for treatment of NLUTD in Australian patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients who received a permanent SNM implant between December 2014 and March 2021. Patients completed a urodynamic test preoperatively. They completed a 3-day bladder diary, uroflowmetry, and postvoid residual measurement preoperatively and at 6-month intervals postoperatively following SNM insertion. Urinary function, patient-reported outcome measures, and adverse events were assessed.

Results
A total of 36 patients received a permanent SNM implant. The mean duration of follow-up was 25 ± 20 months, with the majority (89%, n = 32) of patients reporting a >50% improvement on bladder diary evaluation. There was a significant increase in void volume (p < 0.001), decrease in postvoid residual (p < 0.001), decrease in voiding frequency (p < 0.001), decrease in incontinence episodes (p = 0.002), and decrease in pad number (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in peak flow (p = 0.21). There was no significant difference in SNM efficacy between patients with progressive or nonprogressive neurological conditions.

Conclusions
Sacral neuromodulation is a safe and effective therapy for NLUTD in the context of both progressive and nonprogressive neurological conditions. It should be offered more readily to patients with NLUTD as a minimally invasive treatment option with the potential to make clinically meaningful improvements in quality of life.
Cardiac arrest in the perioperative period: a consensus guideline for identification, treatment, and prevention from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery
Authors: Hinkelbein Jochen , Andres Janusz , Böttiger Bernd W. , Brazzi Luca , De Robertis Edoardo , Einav Sharon , Gwinnutt Carl , Kuvaki Bahar , Krawczyk Pawel , McEvoy Matthew D. , Mertens Pieter , Moitra Vivek K. , Navarro-Martinez Jose , Nunnally Mark E. , O’Connor Michael , Rall Marcus , Ruetzler Kurt , Schmitz Jan , Thies Karl , Tilsed Jonathan , Zago Mauro , Afshari Arash 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION
Cardiac arrest in the operating room is a rare but potentially life-threatening event with mortality rates of more than 50%. Contributing factors are often known, and the event is recognised rapidly as patients are usually under full monitoring. This guideline covers the perioperative period and is complementary to the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery jointly nominated a panel of experts to develop guidelines for the recognition, treatment and prevention of cardiac arrest in the perioperative period. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. All searches were restricted to publications from 1980 to 2019 inclusive and to the English, French, Italian and Spanish languages. The authors also contributed individual, independent literature searches.

RESULTS
This guideline contains background information and recommendation for the treatment of cardiac arrest in the operating room environment, and addresses controversial topics such as open chest cardiac massage (OCCM), resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion (REBOA) and resuscitative thoracotomy, pericardiocentesis, needle decompression and thoracostomy.

CONCLUSION
Successful prevention and management of cardiac arrest during anaesthesia and surgery requires anticipation, early recognition and a clear treatment plan. The ready availability of expert staff and equipment must also be taken into consideration. Success not only depends on medical knowledge, technical skills and a well organised team using crew resource management but also on an institutional safety culture embedded in everyday practice through continuous education, training and multidisciplinary co-operation.
The incidence and natural history of ascites after liver transplantation
Authors: Bloom Patricia P. , Gilbert Timothy , Santos-Parker Keli , Memel Zoe , Przybyszewski Eric , Bethea Emily , Sonnenday Christopher J. , Tapper Elliot B. , Waits Seth 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Ascites is common in cirrhosis but uncommon after liver transplant. We aimed to characterize the incidence, natural history, and current management strategies of post-transplant ascites.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent liver transplantation at 2 centers. We included patients who underwent deceased donor whole graft liver transplants between 2002 and 2019. Chart review identified patients with post-transplant ascites, requiring a paracentesis between 1 and 6-month post-transplants. Detailed chart review identified clinical and transplant characteristics, evaluation of ascites etiology, and treatments.

Results:
Of 1591 patients who successfully underwent a first-time orthotopic liver transplant for chronic liver disease, 101 (6.3%) developed post-transplant ascites. Only 62% of these patients required large volume paracentesis for ascites before transplant. 36% of patients with post-transplant ascites had early allograft dysfunction. Most patients with post-transplant ascites (73%) required a paracentesis within 2 months of transplant, but 27% had delayed ascites onset. From 2002 to 2019, ascites studies were obtained less often, and hepatic vein pressure measurement was performed more often. Diuretics were the mainstay of treatment (58%). The use of albumin infusion and splenic artery embolization to treat post-transplant ascites increased over time. Larger pre-transplant spleen size was associated with a greater number of post-transplant paracenteses (r=0.32 and p=0.003). For patients who underwent splenic intervention, paracentesis frequency was significantly reduced (1.6–0.4 paracenteses/month, p=0.0001). The majority (72%) of patients had clinical resolution of their ascites at 6-month post-transplant.

Conclusions:
Persistent or recurrent ascites continues to be a clinical issue in the modern era of liver transplantation. Most had clinical resolution within 6 months, some requiring intervention.
Does Inclusion of Emergency Medicine (EM) Residents in ECG Screening for STEMI Change the Time to Catheterization Lab Activation?
Authors: Aly Sarah , Coolahan Kelsey , Tomlinson Kirk , Grossman Duncan , Bove Joseph , Hochman Steven 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Emergency medicine physicians must rapidly obtain and interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG) to quickly identify life-threatening cardiac emergencies such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although ECG interpretation is a critical component of residency education, few high-powered studies exploring the accuracy of resident ECG interpretation exist.

Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate whether or not the inclusion of Third Year Emergency Medicine Resident ECG interpretations is noninferior to attending-only ECG interpretations in regard to time to STEMI activation.

Methods:
This was a retrospective noninferiority study of STEMI activation times before and after the inclusion of Third Year Emergency Medicine Resident resident ECG interpretations into the workflow at an academic, urban tertiary care center between November 2020 and April 2022, excluding prehospital activations. The primary outcome was the proportion of successful STEMI activations initiated within 5 minutes of ECG completion. An absolute decrease of 10% between groups was chosen as the noninferiority margin.

Results:
In the attending-only group, 26 (66.7%) cases resulted in successful STEMI activations compared to 31 cases (77.5%) in the combined group. The proportion of successful STEMI activations did not differ with resident screening, X2
= 1.15, P = 0.28. The absolute difference between groups’ successful activations was an increase of 11%, which lies within the noninferiority margin (+11%, 95% confidence interval, −8.68% to 30.7%). Average times to STEMI activation in the attending-only and combined groups were 7.59 minutes (Standard Deviation [SD], 10.19) and 5.13 minutes (SD, 6.95), respectively. Average door-to-balloon times for those undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention were 72.74 minutes (SD, 20.76) in the attending-only group and 89.90 minutes (SD, 67.74) in the combination group. Two sample t-test showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for average time to STEMI activation (difference = 2.46 minutes, 95% CI, −1.46 to 6.38) and average door-to-balloon time (difference = 17.16, 95% CI, −39.73 to 5.41).

Conclusion:
The inclusion of emergency medicine PGY-3 residents in the ECG screening workflow is noninferior to attending-only interpretation of ECGs with regard to STEMI activation time.
The Impact of Union Membership on Nursing Turnover and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Lee Doohee , Halleck Jamey , Lee Hana 
Published: May 2023

Objective
The present study examines the scope of nursing unions and the relationship with turnover and job satisfaction among RNs.

Background
There is no recent empirical literature documenting evidence on workplace performance measures (turnover and job satisfaction) among unionized nurses at the national level.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed secondary data (n = 43 960), the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses.

Results
Approximately 16% of the sample reported being represented by labor unions. The overall nursing turnover rate for the sample was 12.8%. Unionized nurses were less likely than their counterparts to report turnover (mean, 10.9% vs 13.16%; P = 0.02) and less job satisfaction (mean, 3.20 vs 3.28). Union nurses were more likely than nonunion nurses to be male (12.72% vs 9.46%; P = 0.0004), minorities (37.65% vs 25.67%, P < 0.001), be employed in hospital settings (70.1% vs 57.9%, P = 0.001), but report fewer hours of work per week (mean, 36.73 vs 37.66; P = 0.003). Regression results revealed a positive association between union status and nursing turnover (odds ratio, 0.83; P < 0.05), whereas union status was inversely associated with job satisfaction (B = −0.13, P < 0.001) after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, care coordination time per week, weekly hours of work, and employment settings.

Conclusion
Overall, job satisfaction was high among all nurses, regardless of union membership. However, when comparing specifically union and nonunion members, unionized nurses were less likely to report turnover, but were more likely to experience job dissatisfaction.
Tnfa, Il6, Cxcl1 and Adam8 Genes are the Early Markers Post Mouse Tail Intervertebral Disc Injury
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Tian Zuozhen , Shofer Frances S. , Yao Lutian , Sandroni Alec Z. , Sun Honghong , Qin Ling , Zhang Yejia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The early molecular events following intervertebral disc (IVD) injury remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to compare inflammatory markers from 1-day to 4-weeks post injury to have a comprehensive understanding of the IVD response to injury.

Design
Mouse tail IVD injury was induced by a needle puncture. Inflammatory marker gene expression and morphological changes was recorded at 1-day, 1- and 4-weeks following injury.

Results

Tnfa, Il6, and Cxcl1 gene expression peaked at day 1 post needle puncture of the mouse IVD, Adam8 gene expression peaked at 1-week time point, while Tipe2 gene expression was upregulated at week 4 post injury. F4/80 positive cells, likely to be macrophages, are present as early as day 1 in the injured IVDs and consistently present at week 4 post injury. Loss of Safranin O staining and increased histological scores of the injured IVDs are consistent with progressive degeneration following injury.

Conclusion
Inflammatory cytokines including Tnfa precedes Tipe2, suggesting that Tipe2 is likely induced by Tnfa. Upregulation of Adam8 and Cxcl1 gene expression persisted at week 4, suggesting that they play a role in the transition to chronic phase of IVD degeneration.
Incidence of Arterial and Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients
Authors: Deng Hai-Wei , Li Jie , Mei Wei-Yi , Lin Xiao-Xiong , Xu Qing , Zhai Yuan-Sheng , Zheng Qian , Chen Jin-Sheng , Huang Zhi-Bin , Cheng Yun-Jiu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe reported incidence of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) after cancer varies. A meta-analysis was performed to define the incidence of thromboembolism (TE) in cancer patients.MethodsArticles were searched in PubMed and Embase from inception to November 1, 2022. Studies reporting the incidence data or data from which incidence could be estimated among patients with cancer and the explicit follow-up duration were included.ResultsSeventy-four studies involving 5059134 cancer patients were identified. The incidence rate per 1000 person-years was 11.60 (95% CI 7.62-15.58) for ATE, 6.11 (95% CI 3.70-8.53) for myocardial infarction, 9.07 (95% CI 7.48-10.66) for ischemic stroke, 2.11 (95% CI 0.89-3.31) for another ATE, 26.32 (95% CI 24.46-28.18) for VTE, 12.69 (95% CI 11.51-13.87) for deep vein thrombosis, 5.94 (95% CI 5.29-6.59) for pulmonary embolism, and 13.18 (95% CI 9.93-16.42) for another VTE. In addition, the highest incidence of ATE was observed in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, while patients with pancreatic cancer had the highest incidence of VTE. The risk of ATE and VTE increased at the initial stage of cancer, and then declined and became non-significant.ConclusionThis meta-analysis provided overall estimates of ATE and VTE incidence in cancer patients, adding an important insight into the trajectory of the development of TE in cancer patients, which could help reduce the risk of TE in cancer patients in the future.