bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Modulated Proton Therapy (EMPT) at FLASH Dose Rates: Proton Bursts Optimization, Stochastic Cooling, Spatial Intensity and Energy Modulations
Authors: Wang Kelin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
FLASH radiotherapy requires extremely high dose rate (DR > 40Gy/s) hence challenges prevalent external-beam technologies. To achieve FLASH DRs, proton accelerators are potentially the best candidates due to high kinetic energies for individual protons. However, as the major drawback of prevalent IMPT, the lengthy pencil-beam modulation is the key difficulty against FLASH DR. To resolve this, we relinquished pencil-beam modulation at treatment end, and proposed early modulation proton therapy (EMPT) for renovated proton synchrotrons. The EMPT procedures could be divided into 4 steps. First, proton beam (differentiated into bursts of certain sizes) for the entire radiotherapy treatment is injected into the synchrotron and accelerated. This pre-load design allows delivery time in microseconds, meeting the FLASH DR. Second, general stochastic cooling for primitive beam-bursts inside SSR using feedback loops. Third, spatial intensity modulation for each beam-burst inside SSR, the tumor-specific fine-tuned of step second. Fourth, energy modulations at exit pipelines, either by altering the magnetic field or implementing a voltage pulse gap. Early modulated proton bursts could stay in the SSR for 10-20min or longer without damping, thus EMPT fluences can be pre-loaded/generated and stored in SSR during patient setup. For each treatment plan, the TPS provides information on optimized burst size (minimal dose unit for EIMPT), burst numbers (calculated by prescription, tumor size), primitive energy, length of spread-out Bragg Peak etc. hence the early-modulation procedures could be performed inside SSR. Relinquishing pencil-beam in IMPT is fundamental to achieve FLASH DR. Implementing advancement of technologies in modern particle physics experiments, for the first time, EMPT was proposed, allowing pre-loaded, early modulated proton beams to satisfy FALSH Radiotherapy.
Behavior-related visual activations in the auditory cortex of nonhuman primates
Authors: Huang Ying , Brosch Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

While it is well established that sensory cortical regions traditionally thought to be unimodal can be activated by stimuli from modalities other than the dominant one, functions of such foreign-modal activations are still not clear. Here we show that visual activations in early auditory cortex can be related to whether or not the monkeys engaged in audio-visual tasks, to the time when the monkeys reacted to the visual component of such tasks, and to the correctness of the monkeys’ response to the auditory component of such tasks. These relationships between visual activations and behavior suggest that auditory cortex can be recruited for visually-guided behavior and that visual activations can prime auditory cortex such that it is prepared for processing future sounds. Our study thus provides evidence that foreign-modal activations in sensory cortex can contribute to a subject’s ability to perform tasks on stimuli from foreign and dominant modalities.
Investigation of electrostatic-assisted ultrasonic atomization and spraying
Authors: Yang Yue , Yuan Songmei , Zhang Zikang , Lu Tie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ultrasonic atomization technology has been widely used in industry in recent years due to its higher atomization efficiency. This paper proposes a method of electrostatic-assisted ultrasonic atomization spraying and designs a special ultrasonic power supply that can directly introduce high-voltage static electricity onto the surface of the ultrasonic atomization so that the liquid can contact the charge and enhance the charging effect. This paper conducts numerical simulation analysis on the atomization process and statistically analyzes the numerical simulation atomization particle size through image processing. In addition, this paper designs experiments from two aspects of atomization particle size and film-forming effect. The results show that the experimental results are consistent with the numerical simulation results, verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation results. It shows that in the process of sub-droplet formation, the introduction of static electricity will increase the number of capillary waves, promote two mechanisms of the capillary pinch-off mechanism and the Rayleigh-Plain instability, reduce atomization particle size, and increase atomization efficiency. Compared with the traditional airflow beam method, the film-forming surface quality of the electric field beam method is higher and the surface roughness is lower. It solves the problem that airflow affects film-forming quality in traditional ultrasonic spraying with the airflow beam method. It provides a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the application of electrostatic-assisted ultrasonic atomization technology in the atomization and film preparation industry.
Environmental impact assessment with rapid impact assessment matrix method during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study in Tehran
Authors: Abbasi Sina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Indiscriminate use of natural resources has adversely affected Iran's environment over the past few decades. Cities have developed irregularly and non-normatively, and project management has been weak, mainly in big cities, causing many problems. Even more of the engineering rules and environmental aspects for projects do not apply. For this reason, projects must undergo an environmental impact assessment (EIA) to determine their environmental impact. One way it can be used for EIA is by using the rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM). Transparency and objectivity are introduced by minimizing subjectivity. A detailed EIA was conducted in the Tehran project using the RIAM and different options during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is the first study combining the method described during the disaster.
Pressure agglomeration of raw, milled and cut-milled pine and poplar shavings: Assessment of the compaction process and agglomerate strength
Authors: Tryjarski Paweł , Lisowski Aleksander , Gawron Jakub 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of the research was to develop densification characteristics of raw, milled and cut-milled pine and poplar shavings and to determine the strength parameters of pellets, pastilles and granules. To produce agglomerates from hard pine shavings vs. plastic poplar shavings, 19% more specific compaction work was needed and more than 2-times more specific work of pushing the agglomerate out of the die opening. Pine agglomerates had a lower linear expansion than poplar agglomerates and reached a higher single density, and due to the higher content of thermoplastic lignin in the wood, 30.7% and 18.4%, respectively, they were characterised by better radial compression strength parameters; specific deformation energy, maximum tensile stresses at which agglomerates cracked and the largest modulus of elasticity. Milled shavings with a size of 0.62 mm, and especially cut-milled shavings with a size of 0.48 mm and lower cohesion and internal friction angle, were characterised by better compaction parameters than raw shavings with a size of 6.07 mm. Agglomerates made of cut-milled shavings had the highest single density, but the tensile strength was much lower than agglomerates made of raw shavings. The susceptibility to densification of the shavings during sequentially repeated densification of small doses of shavings during the production of pellets was the highest, and the pellets were characterised by the smallest linear and radial expansion and the highest single density of 1081 kg·m–3 and tensile strength among agglomerates. 67% more shavings dose when making pastilles vs. pellets was unfavourable, as it required much more compaction work, and the single density of pastilles was lower by 9.5% and their strength under radial load was significantly reduced. The smallest single density and strength were found in granules produced with the parameters recommended for the production of particleboards; temperature of 170°C and agglomeration pressure of 12 MPa vs. 93°C and 70 MPa for pellets and pastilles, respectively. The higher temperature did not compensate the much lower pressure. Shavings compaction parameters for granules cannot be recommended for the production of a particleboard without a binder, which is usually urea-formaldehyde resin. Along with the die opening diameter, the radial expansion and modulus of elasticity decreased, but other compaction and strength parameters practically did not change.
FastKnock: An efficient next-generation approach to identify all knockout strategies for strain optimization
Authors: Hassani Leila , Moosavi Mohammad R. , Setoodeh Payam , Zare Habil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Overproduction of desired native or nonnative biochemical(s) in (micro)organisms can be achieved through metabolic engineering. Appropriate rewiring of cell metabolism is performed making rational changes such as insertion, up-/down-regulation and knockout of genes and consequently metabolic reactions. Finding appropriate targets (including proper sets of reactions to be knocked out) for metabolic engineering to design optimal production strains has been the goal of a number of computational algorithms. We developed FastKnock, an efficient next-generation algorithm for identifying all possible knockout strategies for the growth-coupled overproduction of biochemical(s) of interest. We achieve this by developing a special depth-first traversal algorithm that allows us to prune the search space significantly. This leads to a drastic reduction in execution time. We evaluate the performance of the FastKnock algorithm using three Escherichia coli genome-scale metabolic models in different conditions (minimal and rich mediums) for the overproduction of a number of desired metabolites. FastKnock efficiently prunes the search space to less than 0.2% for quadruple and 0.02% for quintuple-reaction knockouts. Compared to the classic approaches such as OptKnock and the state-of-the-art techniques such as MCSEnumerator methods, FastKnock found many more useful and important practical solutions. The availability of all the solutions provides the opportunity to further characterize and select the most appropriate intervention strategy based on any desired evaluation index. Our implementation of the FastKnock method in Python is publicly available at https://github.com/leilahsn/FastKnock.
Numerical investigation of fluid flowing through rough fractures subject to shear
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Yin Qian , Xiong Feng , Jing Hongwen , Pu Hai , Zhu Chun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Fluid flow within fractures in rock formations is rendered complex by the presence of shear-induced and surface roughness. This study employed numerical simulations to investigate the fluid flow behavior in fractures with different surface roughness under shear, where the shear direction is perpendicular to the flow direction. The nonlinear flow of the fluid is observed to have a strong correlation with the confining pressure (Pz), roughness (JRC), and shear displacement (u). The generation of eddy currents is frequently linked to the presence of flow channel intricacies and the velocity of flow at a microscopic scale. The Forchheimer equation could describe the process of nonlinear phenomena accentuation very well. The fracture under Pz caused a reduction in hydraulic transmissivity (T) due to compression. Furthermore, the T change dramatically as the shear process progresse. Based on the analysis of the Forchheimer coefficient (β) and critical Reynolds number (Rec) parameters used to determine the response of nonlinear flow, it appears that an increase in Pz facilitates the transition of the fluid into a nonlinear flow state. Conversely, shearing has the opposite effect and reduces the tendency towards nonlinear flow.
Ramanujan-inspired series for 1/π involving harmonic numbers
Authors: Hou Qing-Hu , He Haihong , Wang Xiaoxia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

By applying the derivative operator to the known identities from hypergeometric series or WZ pairs, we obtain seven series associated with harmonic numbers. Specifically, six of them are Ramanujan-like formulas for 1/π and the remaining one contains harmonic numbers of order 2. As conclusions, Sun's five conjectural series are proved.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 33D15; Secondary 05A15.
A study on whether government environmental information disclosure from the perspective of media monitoring promotes the development of green transformation of enterprises—Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Maochun , Niu Yuhua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The rapid development of the industrial economy has led to the deterioration of the ecological environment. It is imperative to speed up the construction of a green ecological civilization and to promote the transformation of enterprises into green development, for which the Chinese government has gradually strengthened environmental supervision and formulated a series of environmental regulation policies.Using six years of data related to 620 listed enterprises in the eastern region of China as a sample, the results show that the government's environmental information disclosure will promote the green transformation of enterprises, and media monitoring plays a moderating role between the government's environmental information disclosure and enterprises' green transformation development.The sample companies were divided into heavily polluting companies and non-heavily polluting companies, and the media reports on the environment were divided into non-negative reports and negative reports, in order to examine their impact on the green transformation and development.
A Perspective-Retrospective Analysis of Diversity in Signature-Based Open-Source Network Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Asad Hafizul , Adhikari Shashwat , Gashi Illir 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The signature-based network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) entails relying on a pre-established signatures and IP addresses that are frequently updated to keep up with the rapidly evolving threat landscape. To effectively evaluate the efficacy of these updates, a comprehensive, long-term assessment of the IDSs' performance is required. This article presents a perspective-retrospective analysis of the Snort and Suricata IDSs using rules that were collected over a four-year period. The study examines how these IDSs perform when monitoring malicious traffic using rules from the past, as well as how they behave when monitoring the same traffic using updated rules in the future. To accomplish this, a set of Snort Subscribed and Suricata Emerging Threats rules were collected from 2017 to 2020, and a labelled PCAP data from 2017-2018 was analysed using past and future rules relative to the PCAP date. In addition to exploring the evolution of Snort and Suricata IDSs, the study also analyses the functional diversity that exists between these IDSs. By examining the evolutionary behaviour of signature-based IDSs and their diverse configurations, the research provides valuable insights into how their performance can be impacted. These insights can aid security architects in combining and layering IDSs in a defence-in-depth deployment.
The Use of Persona in Foreign Language Learning Facilitated by Chatbots
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Pikhart Marcel , Al-Obaydi Liqaa Habeb 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

At present, it is natural for young people to use different digital tools to learn a foreign language. The aim of this article is to explore what kind of chatbot for learning a foreign language at A1-B1 level students would welcome and create a persona (i.e., a typical foreign language user) of a chatbot for learning a foreign language. The research employed a quantitative approach using a questionnaire survey to gather data from 109 respondents. The findings revealed that simplicity, quick practice opportunities, gamification features, accessibility, and cost-free usage were the most valued features of chatbots for language learning. The study also highlights the importance of immediate feedback, user-friendly interfaces, and short-term interactions for optimal chatbot usage. Furthermore, the results shed light on the preferred learning methods, such as spoken communication and writing, as well as user goals, including vocabulary expansion, comprehension improvement, and grammar enhancement. By developing personas, educational chatbot developers can tailor the designs and content of chatbots to better meet the needs of learners and thus enhance foreign language learning experiences for them.
Effect of the time domain transient response on processed surface height by the end grinding
Authors: Xiu Xiannan Zou , Li Qingliang , Xiu Shichao , Hou Xiangna Kong , Hou Zhuangzhuang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

End grinding is a mechanical processing technology that shapes the machining surface with high precision and efficiency. However, there are still some unknown links between the time domain transient response and the workpiece surface under the processing of the end grinding. Besides, the enclosed grinding condition makes it hard to observe the links from the experiments. Numerical simulation is adopted to find the effects of the time domain transient response on processed surface height. This paper presents a grinding system simulation model, which combines the grinding force, the time domain transient response of the wheel, and the rotation speed of the workpiece and wheel. Firstly, the lumped mass method is applied to propose a dynamic model. Secondly, calculate the dynamic grinding force with effective abrasives positions and workpiece surface heights. Thirdly, examine the simulation results consistent with the experiment results. Finally, analyze the simulation results to explore the time domain transient response's effects on the machined surface quality. The result illustrates the change in the workpiece surface height during the grinding. It also shows that the wheel’s angle displacement may be responsible for the varying surface height on the workpiece surface. At the same time, the longer length of grinding time causes a higher grinding surface. Furthermore, the research is noteworthy for improving the workpiece surface quality.
Hauora Māori – Māori health: a right to equal outcomes in primary care
Authors: Sheridan Nicolette , Jansen Rawiri McKree , Harwood Matire , Love Tom , Kenealy Timothy , Aguirre-Duarte Nelson , Arroll Bruce , Atmore Carol , Carryer Jenny , CNZM Peter Crampton , Dowell Anthony , Fishman Tana , Gauld Robin , Hoare Karen , Jackson Gary , Kerse Ngaire , Lampshire Debra , McBain Lynn , MacRae Jayden , Mills Jane , Øvretveit John , Percival Teuila , Perera Roshan , Roland Martin , Ryan Debbie , Schmidt-Busby Jacqueline , Stokes Tim , Stubbe Maria , Watt Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
For more than a century, Māori have experienced poorer health than non-Māori. In 2019 an independent Tribunal found the Government had breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi by “failing to design and administer the current primary health care system to actively address persistent Māori health inequities”. Many Māori (44%) have unmet need for primary care. Seven models of primary care were identified, including Māori-owned practices. We hypothesised patient health outcomes for Māori would differ between models of care.
Methods
Cross-sectional primary care data were analysed at 30 September 2018. National datasets were linked to practices at patient level, to measure associations between practice characteristics and patient health outcomes. Primary outcomes: polypharmacy (≥55 years), HbA1c testing, child immunisations, ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations (0-14, 45-64 years) and emergency department attendances. Regressions include only Māori patients, across all models of care.
Results
660,752 Māori patients were enrolled in 924 practices with 124,854 in 65 Māori-owned practices.
Māori practices had: no significant association with HbA1c testing, ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations or ED attendance, and a significant association with lower polypharmacy (3.7% points) and lower childhood immunisations (13.4% points).
Māori practices had higher rates of cervical smear and cardiovascular risk assessment, lower rates of HbA1c tests, and more nurse (46%) and doctor (8%) time (FTE) with patients.
The average Māori practice had 52% Māori patients compared to 12% across all practices. Māori practices enrolled a higher percentage of children and young people, five times more patients in high deprivation areas, and patients with more multimorbidity.
More Māori patients lived rurally (21.5% vs 15%), with a greater distance to the nearest ED. Māori patients were more likely to be dispensed antibiotics or tramadol.
Conclusions
Māori practices are an expression of autonomy in the face of enduring health system failure. Apart from lower immunisation rates, health outcomes were not different from other models of care, despite patients having higher health risk profiles. Across all models, primary care need was unmet for many Māori, despite increased clinical input. Funding must support under-resourced Māori practices and ensure accountability for the health outcomes of Māori patients in all models of general practice.
Fish-derived lactic acid bacteria supplementation enhanced the immunity and resistance in Crucian carps (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Li Ruoming , Zhang Meng , Zhou Yuhui , Wei Daimin , Yang Yinghui , Gao Dongpeng , Shan Xiaofeng , Sun Wuwen , Dong Hao , Wang Guiqin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This study attempted to evaluate the potential for biofilm formation and the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the crucian carp (Carassius auratus) intestine and to determine their antibacterial activity against crucial injurious bacteria of fish. The biological features test was carried out to obtain LAB with well-resistant pH, trypsin, bile and antibiotic challenge, and biofilm formation capacity. The most promising LAB isolates, y11 and y78 were identified as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Weissella confusa using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We discovered that oral LAB additives improved immunity in the crucian carp by increasing immune-related expression of immunoglobulin M (IgM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LYS) in serum and interleukins (IL-10 and IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in organs. After the introduction of Aeromonas veronii TH0426 for 15 days, the survival rate of crucian carps was determined as follows: the protection rate of group y11 was 45%, and group y78 was 65% when challenged with 109 CFU/ml density. So, this experiment successfully selected two LAB strains as the bioprotective agents and provided theoretical support through the available data for further LAB application in aquaculture.