bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying effects of genetic obesity exposure on leukocyte telomere length using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wan Bangbei , Ma Ning , Lv Cai 
Published: March 2023

Background
Observational studies have shown that obesity is closely associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL). However, the causal relationship between obesity and LTL remains unclear. This study investigated the causal relationship between obesity and LTL through the Mendelian randomization approach.

Materials and Methods
The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of several studies on obesity-related traits with a sample size of more than 600,000 individuals were extracted from the UK Biobank cohort. The summary-level data of LTL-related GWAS (45 6,717 individuals) was obtained from the IEU Open GWAS database. An inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) algorithm was utilized as the primary MR analysis method. Sensitivity analyses were conducted via MR-Egger regression, IVW regression, leave-one-out test, MR-pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier methods.

Results
High body mass index was correlated with a short LTL, and the odds ratio (OR) was 0.957 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.942–0.973, p = 1.17E−07). The six body fat indexes (whole body fat mass, right leg fat mass, left leg fat mass, right arm fat mass, left arm fat mass, and trunk fat mass) were consistently inversely associated with LTL. Multiple statistical sensitive analysis approaches showed that the adverse effect of obesity on LTL was steady and dependable.

Conclusion
The current study provided robust evidence supporting the causal assumption that genetically caused obesity is negatively associated with LTL. The findings may facilitate the formulation of persistent strategies for maintaining LTL.
Rainwater Harvesting through Point Recharge Method for Efficient Recharge of Tube Wells for Sustainable Management of Groundwater Resources in Karnataka
Authors: Kanannavar P. S. , Premanand B. D. , Madolli Mallappa , Gaddanakeri S. A. , Vijaykumar C. 
Published: March 2023

Water is a precious natural resource for sustaining life, agriculture and environment. The dependability on groundwater has reached high in all time in recent decades due to reasons such as unreliable supplies from surface water due to vagaries of monsoon, increase in demand for domestic, agricultural and other purposes. Karnataka is largely dependent on groundwater to meet industrial, municipal, domestic and irrigation needs. So, Rainwater harvesting (RWH) forms an important component for development and management of water resources for domestic, agricultural, municipal and industrial uses. Management of scanty rain fall by rain water harvesting, Augmentation of depleting natural resources of water (deeper ground water table) and Management of poor-quality ground water and scope for conjunctive/domestic use is need of the hour. With increase in withdrawal of ground water, ground water (GW) table is declining at a rapid pace with an urgent need to recharge GW in addition to dilute poor quality ground water. Double ring technique of Groundwater Recharge consists of filtering the water at different layers using gradation materials generally the pebbles of different size with synthetic material wrapped around the casing pipe. By harvesting rain water and recharging into point recharge soaking infiltration gallery established at Irrigation Water Management Research Centre, (IWMRC) Belavatagi Tq: Navalagund has shown encouraging results as far as water quality, discharge and water table are concerned. The results of assessment of influence of ground water recharge through rainwater harvesting on ground water yield (lps), quality (dS/m) and fluctuations (feet bgl) during the year 2020, have shown that around 3.35 lakhs liters of water could be collected from rain water harvesting during the year 2020. Also, from point recharge through 7 recharge events (rain fall events from July to October 2020), it was observed that the considerable rise in the water table from more than 100 feet below ground level to around 22 feet below ground level, drastic reduction in groundwater salinity i.e. electrical conductivity (EC) of ground water from more than 10 dS/m to an average (EC) of 1.32 dS/m and tube well yield has significantly increased from 0.4 lps to around 2.4 lps. Therefore, Artificial recharge techniques through rainwater harvesting can be a better strategic approach to combat the emerging problems of water scarcity especially over exploitation of ground water and its quality deterioration.
Penina Uliuli: Contemporary challenges in mental health for Pacific peoples
Authors: O'Connor John 
Published: March 2023

Uliuli is a book that powerfully invites us to engage with the Pasifika nature of Aotearoa New Zealand's cultural landscape, and the implications of this for mental health work. It asks students and mental health practitioners of all persuasions to engage with the many voices of Pasifika practitioners. The contributors to this book identify primarily as Samoan, Tongan, Niuean and Hawaiian (and have identifications with a range of additional backgrounds). Their voices and the variety of perspectives they offer provide a rich opportunity for Palagi mental health professionals to enter the many worlds of the Pacific, to hear these voices and the potent lessons they offer. For Pasifika practitioners the book brings together voices that have struggled in the past to be heard, much less read, particularly in the tertiary training centres where many psychotherapists and mental health practitioners initially learn their craft.
Rubber Compounding
Authors: Rodgers Brendan , Tallury Syamal S. , Klingensmith William 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRubber compounding is the complex, multidisciplinary science of selecting and blending the appropriate combination of elastomers and other ingredients to meet the performance, manufacturing, environmental, and cost requirements for rubber goods made and used in commerce. There is a wide variety of elastomers and ingredients that are available in making rubber goods, which include all of the following types of products: tires, innertubes, retreaded tires, footwear, conveyor belts, rubber rolls, hoses, belts, weatherstripping, O‐rings, seals, diaphragms, tubing, rubber and latex gloves, ball bladders, medical devices, bumpers, and numerous other products. This is a review of the basic materials used in designing many common types of rubber products. The development of the combination of materials contained in a usable rubber compound involves many disciplines that include chemistry, physics, mathematics, and polymer science. In many cases, classical scientific methods can predict the interaction effects and estimate the properties expected from rubber compounds. Looking to the future new technology materials will certainly have an impact and could focus on three topics, environmental factors, recycling, and sustainability which has attracted much recent attention. In terms of environmental considerations, the use of current materials in new applications will also have a potentially greater impact on end‐product performance. Finally, environmental concerns are creating an interest in utilizing both postindustrial and postconsumer recycled rubber products into new rubber compounds and thus help address Sustainability requirements.
Reproducibility of the principal component analysis (PCA)‐based data‐driven respiratory gating on texture features in non‑small cell lung cancer patients with 18F‑FDG PET/CT
Authors: Fukai Shohei , Daisaki Hiromitsu , Ishiyama Mitsutomi , Shimada Naoki , Umeda Takuro , Motegi Kazuki , Ito Ryoma , Terauchi Takashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTexture analysis is one of the lung cancer countermeasures in the field of radiomics. Even though image quality affects texture features, the reproducibility of principal component analysis (PCA)‐based data‑driven respiratory gating (DDG) on texture features remains poorly understood. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the reproducibility of PCA‐based DDG on texture features in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).MethodsTwenty patients with NSCLC who underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT in routine clinical practice were retrospectively analyzed. Each patient's PET data were reconstructed in two PET groups of no gating (NG‐PET) and PCA‐based DDG gating (DDG‐PET). Forty‐six image features were analyzed using LIFEx software. Reproducibility was evaluated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient () and percentage difference (%Diff). Non‐reproducibility was defined as having unacceptable strength < 0.8) and a %Diff of >10%. NG‐PET and DDG‐PET were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsA total of 3/46 (6.5%) image features had unacceptable strength, and 9/46 (19.6%) image features had a %Diff of >10%. Significant differences between the NG‐PET and DDG‐PET groups were confirmed in only 4/46 (8.7%) of the high %Diff image features.ConclusionAlthough the DDG application affected several texture features, most image features had adequate reproducibility. PCA‐based DDG‐PET can be routinely used as interchangeable images for texture feature extraction from NSCLC patients.
Attack‐resilient pitch angle control for variable‐speed wind turbine systems under cyber threats
Authors: Mazare Mahmood , Taghizadeh Mostafa , Asharioun Hadi 
Published: March 2023

SummarySustainable energy has captured special attention, particularly wind energy which makes wind farms as an attractive target for cyber threats specifically those impinging network cyber subsystems and control protocols. Given the significance of such issue, this article presents a novel anomaly‐based resilient pitch angle control methodology by incorporating fixed‐time high‐order sliding mode observer and adaptive sliding‐based controller. The main objective is to supply the required power through adjusting the pitch angle under cyber threat and exogenous disturbance. Residual has been evaluated using the output of the high‐order observer in order to detect the cyber‐attacks. Once the anomaly detector detects the cyber‐attack, its detrimental effects are compensated through the proposed adaptive resilient control framework. The finite‐time stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is performed through Lyapunov theory. Comprehensive studies are performed on a WindPact 1.5 MW wind turbine system, and validation results verify the effectiveness and resiliency of the proposed resilient control strategy in nullifying the detrimental network and physical effects of cyber‐attacks.
Crystal Growth Regulation of α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite Films for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells with Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Wang Shiheng , Luo Huaiqing , Gu Zhenkun , Zhao Rudai , Guo Lutong , Wang Na , Lou Yunjie , Xu Qun , Peng Shou , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe two‐step sequentially deposition strategy has been widely used to produce high‐performance FAPbI3‐based solar cells. However, due to the rapid reaction between PbI2 and FAI, a dense perovskite film forms on top of the PbI2 layer immediately and blocks the FAI diffusion into the bottom of the PbI2 film for a complete reaction, which results in a low‐efficiency and limited reproducibility of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, high‐quality α‐FAPbI3 perovskite films by crystal growth regulation with 4‐fluorobenzamide additives is fabricated. The additives can interact with FAI to suppress the fast reaction between the FAI and PbI2 and effectively passivate the under‐coordinated Pb2+ or I‐ defects. As a result, α‐FAPbI3 perovskite films with low trap density and large grain size are prepared. The modified PSCs present a high‐power conversion efficiency of 24.08%, maintaining 90% of their initial efficiency after 1400 h in high humidity. This study provides an efficient strategy of synergistic crystallization and passivation to form high‐quality α‐FAPbI3 films for high‐performance PSCs.
Stacking Faults Inducing Oxygen Anion Activities in Li2MnO3
Authors: Wang Boya , Zhuo Zengqing , Li Haifeng , Liu Shiqi , Zhao Shu , Zhang Xu , Liu Jue , Xiao Dongdong , Yang Wanli , Yu Haijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractControllable anionic redox for a transformational increase in the energy density is the pursuit of next generation Li‐ion battery cathode materials. Its activation mechanism is coupled with the local coordination environment around O, which posts experimental challenges for control. Here, the tuning capability of anionic redox is shown by varying O local environment via experimentally controlling the density of stacking faults in Li2MnO3, the parent compound of Li‐rich oxides. By combining computational analysis and spectroscopic study, it is quantitatively revealed that more stacking faults can trigger smaller LiOLi bond angles and larger LiO bond distance in local Li‐rich environments and subsequently activate oxygen redox reactivity, which in turn enhances the reactivity of Mn upon the following reduction process. This study highlights the critical role of local structure environment in tuning the anionic reactivity, which provides guidance in designing high‐capacity layered cathodes by appropriately adjusting stacking faults.
RAINBOW Organic Solar Cells: Implementing Spectral Splitting in Lateral Multi‐Junction Architectures
Authors: Gibert‐Roca Martí , Casademont‐Viñas Miquel , Liu Quan , Vandewal Koen , Goñi Alejandro R. , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile multi‐junction geometries have the potential to boost the efficiency of organic solar cells, the experimental gains yet obtained are still very modest. This work proposes an alternative spectral splitting device concept in which various individual semiconducting junctions with cascading bandgaps are laid side by side, thus the name RAINBOW. Each lateral sub‐cell receives a fraction of the spectrum that closely matches the main absorption band of the given semiconductor. Here, simulations are used to identify the important material and device properties of each RAINBOW sub‐cell. Using the resulting design rules, three systems are selected, with narrow, medium, and wide effective bandgaps, and their potential as sub‐cells in this geometry is experimentally investigated. With the aid of a custom‐built setup that generates spectrally spread sunlight on demand, the simulations are experimentally validated, showing that this geometry can lead to a reduction in thermalization losses and an improvement in light harvesting, which results in a relative improvement in efficiency of 46.6% with respect to the best sub‐cell. Finally, a working proof‐of‐concept monolithic device consisting of two sub‐cells deposited from solution on the same substrate is fabricated, thus demonstrating the feasibility and the potential of the RAINBOW solar cell concept.
Bifunctional Gas Diffusion Electrode Enables In Situ Separation and Conversion of CO2 to Ethylene from Dilute Stream
Authors: Nabil Shariful Kibria , Roy Soumyabrata , Algozeeb Wala Ali , Al‐Attas Tareq , Bari Md Abdullah Al , Zeraati Ali Shayesteh , Kannimuthu Karthick , Demingos Pedro Guerra , Rao Adwitiya , Tran Thien N. , Wu Xiaowei , Bollini Praveen , Lin Haiqing , Singh Chandra Veer , Tour James M. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Kibria Md Golam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe requirement of concentrated carbon dioxide (CO2) feedstock significantly limits the economic feasibility of electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) which often involves multiple intermediate processes, including CO2 capture, energy‐intensive regeneration, compression, and transportation. Herein, a bifunctional gas diffusion electrode (BGDE) for separation and eCO2R from a low‐concentration CO2 stream is reported. The BGDE is demonstrated for the selective production of ethylene (C2H4) by combining high‐density‐polyethylene‐derived porous carbon (HPC) as a physisorbent with polycrystalline copper as a conversion catalyst. The BGDE shows substantial tolerance to 10 vol% CO2 exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency of ≈45% toward C2H4 at a current density of 80 mA cm−2, outperforming previous reports that utilized such partial pressure (PCO2 = 0.1 atm and above) and unaltered polycrystalline copper. Molecular dynamics simulation and mixed gas permeability assessment reveal that such selective performance is ensured by high CO2 uptake of the microporous HPC as well as continuous desorption owing to the molecular diffusion and concentration gradient created by the binary flow of CO2 and nitrogen (CO2|N2) within the sorbent boundary. Based on detailed techno‐economic analysis, it is concluded that this in situ process can be economically compelling by precluding the C2H4 production cost associated with the energy‐intensive intermediate steps of the conventional decoupled process.
Stress‐Free Detachment of Flexible Substrate from Glass Carrier Using CO2 Point Laser for Large‐Area Applications
Authors: Park Hyuk , Seong Suwon , Park Seongmin , Seo Taewon , Chung Yoonyoung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel detachment method is presented for flexible substrates from glass carrier wafers using a CO2 point laser. In a conventional laser lift‐off process, laser‐induced illumination and thermal stress degrade device performance. In this approach, a point laser is applied on the edge of the flexible substrate, where electrical components do not exist, and thus, no performance degradation occurs during the laser process. In addition, the carrier surface properties are modified to control the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the glass carrier. A spin‐on‐dielectric layer (SOD) is utilized, and Ar ion bombardment is performed on SOD. The point laser detachment method is demonstrated in flexible thin‐film transistors, and no change is observed in the electrical characteristics before and after detachment from the carrier wafer.
Liquid‐Metal‐Based Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Flowing‐Liquid‐Based Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Sensor Applications
Authors: Munirathinam Karthikeyan , Prasad Gajula , Kim Dong Su , Park Jongsung , Lee Dong–Weon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a liquid‐metal‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (LM‐TENG) is proposed for harvesting energy from flowing water and self‐powered flow sensor applications. The proposed LM‐TENG mainly consists of a Galinstan working electrode that is encapsulated in a polydimethylsiloxane friction layer. The triboelectric performance of the LM‐TENG is optimized as a function of flow rate and frictional layer thickness. The output performance of the optimized LM‐TENG (6.2 V and 3.6 µA) is superior to that of the copper‐electrode‐based TENG (C‐TENG, 2.4 V and 0.8 µA) at the flow rate of 2.5 L min−1. This is because the stretchability of the optimized LM‐TENG is three times higher than that of the C‐TENG, which increases the contact area and enhances the output performance. The optimized LM‐TENG is successfully demonstrated as a self‐powered flow sensor for remote monitoring of water flow in pipelines. In addition, the LM‐TENG is a capable of powering more than 30 LEDs and directly powering low‐power electronics (LCDs).
Rechargeable Sodium Solid‐State Battery Enabled by In Situ Formed Na–K Interphase
Authors: Ni Qing , Xiong Yongnan , Sun Zheng , Sun Chen , Li Yang , Yuan Xuanyi , Jin Haibo , Zhao Yongjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolid‐state metal batteries have displayed great advantages in the domain of electrochemical energy storage owing to their remarkably improved energy density and safety. However, the practical application of solid‐state batteries (SSBs) is still greatly impeded by unfavorable interface stability and terrible low temperature performance. In this work, a local targeting anchor strategy is developed to realize an impressively long cycling life for a NASICON‐based solid‐state sodium metal battery at 0 °C. With the electrochemical migration of K+ from the cathode side to the anode side, a spontaneous generated liquid Na–K interphase can stabilize the ceramic electrolyte/metallic Na anode interface, and address the issues of sluggish kinetics at the interface together with metal dendrite deposition. In addition, the capability of K+ conduction in NASICON is also theoretically and experimentally validated. Of particular note, a K2MnFe(CN)6 cathode paired with a Na3Zr2Si2PO12 ceramic electrolyte and metallic Na anode, enable the long‐term cycling and excellent rate capability of all‐solid‐state sodium batteries at 0 °C. Without the purposely designed matrix host for a liquid Na–K interphase, this work opens up a new route for the design of high energy density SSBs.
Restrictive spirometry pattern among construction trade workers
Authors: Hines Stella E. , Dement John , Cloeren Marianne , Cranford Kim , Quinn Patricia S. , Ringen Knut 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpirometry‐based studies of occupational lung disease have mostly focused on obstructive or mixed obstructive/restrictive outcomes. We wanted to determine if restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) is associated with occupation and increased mortality.MethodsStudy participants included 18,145 workers with demographic and smoking data and repeatable spirometry. The mortality analysis cohort included 15,445 workers with known vital status and cause of death through December 31, 2016. Stratified analyses explored RSP prevalence by demographic and clinical variables and trade. Log‐binomial regression models explored RSP risk factors while controlling for important confounders such as smoking, obesity, and comorbidities. Cox regression models explored mortality risk by spirometry category.ResultsPrevalence of RSP was very high (28.6%). Mortality hazard ratios for RSP were 1.50 for all causes, 1.86 for cardiovascular diseases, 2.31 for respiratory diseases, and 1.66 for lung cancer. All construction trades except painters, machinists, and roofers had significantly elevated risk for RSP compared to our internal reference group. RSP was significantly associated with both parenchymal and pleural changes seen by chest X‐ray.ConclusionsConstruction trade workers are at significantly increased risk for RSP independent of obesity. Individuals with RSP are at increased risk for all‐cause mortality as well as mortality attributable to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and lung cancer. RSP deserves greater attention in occupational medicine and epidemiology.
De novo triplication at 1p36.23p36.22 further refines the dosage sensitive region of overlap in Setleis syndrome (focal facial dermal dysplasia type III)
Authors: Oh Rachel Youjin , Chun Kathy , Kowalski Paul E. , Chitayat David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSetleis syndrome (SS), or focal facial dermal dysplasia type III (FFDD3, MIM #227260), is an autosomal recessive condition caused by biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in TWIST2. It is characterized by bitemporal atrophic skin lesions and distinctive facial features. Individuals with de novo or inherited duplication or triplication of the chromosomal region 1p36.22p36.21 have also been reported to have the SS phenotype with additional neurodevelopmental challenges (rarely seen in individuals with TWIST2 mutations) and variable expressivity and penetrance. Triplication of this region is also associated with more severe manifestations compared to a duplication. We report a 2‐year‐old female patient with features of SS associated with a de novo 3.603 Mb triplication at 1p36.23p36.22 identified on postnatal microarray analysis. Her triplication shares a 281.263 kb overlap with gains at 1p36.22, reported by previous groups, delineating the shortest region of overlap (SRO) to date. This SRO involves 10 RefSeq and 4 OMIM morbid map genes and highlights the candidate dosage‐sensitive element(s) underlying the cardinal features of SS phenotype in individuals with gains at 1p36.