bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Oxidative Stress-related Biomarkers and Atrial Fibrillation: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Xuehan , Zhang Yujiao , Ren Manyi , Guo Jing , Li Zhan , Zheng Shaohua , Wang Ximin , Du Juanjuan , Gao Mei , Hou Yinglong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A growing number of reports have shown that oxidative stress is an important contributing factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). The identification of oxidative stress-related blood biomarkers for patients with AF has great significance for the early prevention and treatment of AF. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the relationship of several blood markers of oxidative stress with AF. This study enrolled hospitalized patients from January 2018 to December 2020 at the Department of Cardiology in a tertiary center in east China.Clinical data, with an emphasis on oxidative stress-related blood biomarkers, were collected to assess their relationship with AF. A total of 9452 patients were enrolled, including 1244 patients with AF (13.16%). Elevated total bilirubin (OR: 1.056; 95% CI: 1.046-1.065; P<0.001), uric acid (OR: 1.157; 95% CI: 1.112-1.204; P<0.001) and reduced superoxide dismutase(OR: 0.992; 95% CI: 0.987-0.997; P=0.001) were significantly associated with AF, which were also effective indicators for diagnosing AF (the area under the ROC curve model combined with uric acid, total bilirubin and superoxide dismutase was 69.1%). Furthermore, oxidative stress-related biomarkers were significantly associated with the prevalence of AF in different ages and sexes. As oxidative stress-related biomarkers, higher levels of total bilirubin and uric acid and lower levels of superoxide dismutase were independently associated with the prevalence of AF. These biomarkers may be used as potential indicators to predict AF, and multitarget antioxidant therapy may be a reasonable approach to prevent and treat AF.
Magneto-engineering towards high thermoelectric performance in topological insulator Bi88Sb12
Authors: Pan Yu , He Bin , Li Fan , Chen Dong , Burkhardt Ulrich , Felser Claudia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

High thermoelectric performance is generally achieved by synergistically optimizing two or even three of the contradictorily coupled thermoelectric parameters. Here, we demonstrate magneto-engineering as a strategy to achieve simultaneous gain in enhanced Seebeck coefficient and reduced thermal conductivity. We report giant magneto-Seebeck effect and high magneto-thermoelectric figure of merit of 1.7±0.2 at 180 K and 0.7 T in single-crystalline Bi88Sb12 topological insulator, which fills the gap of high performance below 300 K and can be useful for low temperature thermoelectric applications. The large magneto-Seebeck response was attributed to the distortion of the density of states benefiting from small Fermi surfaces and the ultrahigh mobility originating from the linear Dirac bands. The application of a low magnetic field to achieve high thermoelectric performance can be extended to the rapidly emerging topological materials with similar features because it synergistically optimizes the thermoelectric parameters.
Can climate change signals be detected from the terrestrial water storage at daily timescales?
Authors: Li Yanping , Huo Fei , Xu Li , Li Zhenhua , Famiglietti James , Chandanpurkar Hrishi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Global terrestrial water storage (TWS) serves as a crucial indicator of freshwater availability on Earth, yet detecting climate change trends in TWS poses challenges due to uneven hydrological responses, limited observations, and internal climate variability. To overcome these limitations, we present a novel approach leveraging extensive observed and simulated meteorological data at daily scales to project global TWS based on its fingerprints embedded in weather patterns. By establishing the relationship between annual global mean TWS and daily surface air temperature and humidity fields in reanalyses and multi-model hydrological simulations till the end of 21st century, we successfully detect climate change signals emerging above internal variability noise. Our analysis reveals that, since 2016, climate change signals have been detected in approximately 50% of days for most years. Furthermore, the signals of climate change in global mean TWS have exhibited consistent growth over recent decades and are anticipated to surpass the influence of natural climate variability in the future under various emission scenarios. Our findings highlight the urgency of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to not only mitigate warming risks but also to ensure future water security. This daily-scale detection of TWS provides valuable insights into the evolving impacts of climate change on global TWS dynamics, enhances our understanding of climate change impacts, and facilitates informed decision-making in multiple sectors.
Stakeholders' experiences of comprehensive geriatric assessment in an inpatient hospital setting: a qualitative systematic review and meta-ethnography
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Íde , Fitzgerald Christine , Hayes Christina , Leahy Aoife , O’Connor Margaret , Ryan Damien , Shchetkovsky Denys , Steed Fiona , Carey Leonora , Quinn Colin , Shanahan Elaine , Galvin Rose , Robinson Katie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is considered the gold standard approach to improving a range of outcomes for older adults living with frailty admitted to hospital. To date, research has predominantly focused on quantitative syntheses of the international evidence with limited focus on qualitative synthesis of stakeholder perspectives. This review aims to resolve this research gap by identifying and synthesising qualitative studies reporting multiple stakeholders’ experiences of inpatient CGA.
Methods
a systematic search of five electronic databases was conducted. Qualitative or mixed methods studies that included qualitative findings on the experiences of CGA in an inpatient hospital setting from the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCP), older adults and those important to them were included. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (Registration: CRD42021283167) and the 10-item Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to appraise the methodological quality of included studies. Results were synthesised as a meta-ethnography.
Results
eleven studies, which reported on the experiences of 153 HCPs, 91 older adults and 57 caregivers were included. The studies dated from 2011–2021 and three key themes were identified: (1) HCPs, older adults and caregivers report conflicting views on CGA as a holistic process, (2) most HCPs, but only some older adults and caregivers view CGA goal-setting and care planning as collaborative, and (3) all stakeholders value care continuity during the transition from hospital to home but often fail to achieve it.
Conclusion
While HCPs, older adults and caregivers’ values and ambitions related to CGA broadly align, their experiences often differ. The identified themes highlight organisational and relational factors, which positively and negatively influence CGA practices and processes in an inpatient hospital setting.
Novel Strategy using Transpedicular Injection of rhBMP-2 to Reduce the Proximal Junctional Kyphosis for Adult Spinal Deformity Correction Surgery
Authors: Kwon Ohsang , Choi Jun-Young , Ham Dae-Woong , Park Sang-Min , Yeom Jin S. , Kim Ho-Joong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Injecting recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) into the uppermost instrumented vertebra (UIV) during surgery to increase the bone for adult spinal deformity (ASD) is expected to be protective against the development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). The 25 patients from study group had received 0.5 mg rhBMP-2 mixed with 1.5 g β-tricalcium phosphate paste injection into the UIV during surgery. The control group consisted of 75 age and sex matched patients who underwent surgery immediately before the start of the study. The incidences of PJK and PJF were analyzed as primary outcomes. Spinopelvic parameters and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed as secondary outcomes. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements were performed to confirm the effect of rhBMP-2 on bone formation at preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT). PJK and PJF was more occurred in control group than study group (p = 0.02, 0.29, respectively). The HU of the UIV significantly increased 6 months after surgery. And the increment at the UIV was also significantly greater than that at the UIV-1 6 months after surgery. Injection of rhBMP-2 with TCP into the UIV reduced PJK and PJF rates 6 months after surgery with new bone formation.
Induction of tolerance in groundnut plants against drought stress and Cercospora leaf spot disease with exogenous application of Arginine and Sodium nitroprusside under field condition
Authors: Bakhoum Gehan Sh , Sadak Mervat Shamoon , Thabet Marian S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose: The two major stress categories experienced by plants are: biotic and abiotic. Drought is a major abiotic stress challenge faced by plants and impact negatively on plant growth and productivity.
Aim and Method: This investigation was carried out to study the changes in growth, some biochemical aspects, yield quantity and quality of groundnut plants as well as induction of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease in response to NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and arginine (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) under two water irrigation levels 100% and 75% of water irrigation requirements (WIR), in two field experiments through two successive growing seasons.
Results: Decreasing irrigation water significantly reduced shoot length; branches number/plant, shoot fresh and dry weight, photosynthetic pigments components, endogenous indole acetic acid IAA contents and yield components. Furthermore, increased significantly root fresh and dry weight, phenols, total soluble sugars TSS, proline contents, and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation of groundnut leaves. Contrarily, arginine and SNP foliar application alleviated the negative influences of drought on growth and productivity of groundnut plants via enhancing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, phenolic compounds, TSS, and proline contents. Additionally, SNP and arginine significantly decreased oxidative damage through decreasing H2O2 and lipid peroxidation by the induction of antioxidant enzymes. Remarkably, the increase of drought level led to a reduction in Cercospora leaf spot disease parameters with the use of high concentrations of both arginine and SNP. Furthermore, in both stressed and unstressed plants, SNP treatment at 7.5 mM was the most effective in reducing the incidence and severity of disease, while arginine at 2.5 mM recorded the lowest reduction compared to other treatments.
Conclusion: In conclusion, foliar treatment of either SNP or arginine had a profound effect on modulating the drought stress and induction of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut plants throughout their life cycle.
Depopulation and Infrastructure in U.S. Cities: Looking Toward 2100
Authors: Sutradhar Uttara , Spearing Lauryn , Derrible Sybil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For cities, having a declining population usually means socio-economic and infrastructure challenges to accommodate the remaining population. Using population projections, we found that by 2100, close to half of the nearly 30,000 cities in the U.S. will face some sort of population decline, representing 12–23% of the population of these 30,000 cities and 27–44% of the populated area. The implications of this massive decline in population will bring unprecedented mobility and infrastructure challenges, possibly leading to disruptions in basic services like transit, clean water, electricity, and internet access. Simultaneously, increasing population trends in resource-intensive suburban and periurban cities will likely take away access to much needed resources in depopulating areas, further exacerbating their challenges. While immigration could play a vital role, resource distribution challenges will persist unless a paradigm shift happens away from growth-based planning alone.
Assessment of immunization data management practices in Cameroon: Unveiling potential barriers to immunization data quality
Authors: Saidu Yauba , Gu Jessica , Ngenge Budzi Michael , Nchinjoh Sangwe Clovis , Adidja Amani , Nnang Nadege Edwige , Muteh Nkwain Jude , Zambou Vouking Marius , Mbanga Clarence Mvalo , Agbor Valirie Ndip , Ousmane Diaby , Njoh Andreas Ateke , Flegere Junie , Diack Demba , Wiwa Owens , Montomoli Emmanuele , Clemens Sue Costa , Clemens Ralf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
One crucial obstacle to attaining universal immunization coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa is the paucity of timely and high-quality data. This challenge, in part, stems from the fact that many frontline immunization staff in this part of the world are commonly overburdened with multiple data-related responsibilities that often compete with their clinical tasks, which in turn could affect their data collection practices. This study assessed the data management practices of immunization staff and unveiled potential barriers impacting immunization data quality in Cameroon.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving health districts and health facilities in all 10 regions in Cameroon selected by a multi-stage sampling scheme. Structured questionnaires and observation checklists were used to collect data from Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) staff, and data were analyzed using STATA VERSION 13.0 (StataCorp LP. 2015. College Station, TX).
Results
A total of 265 facilities in 68 health districts were assessed. There was limited availability of some data recording tools like vaccination cards (43%), maintenance registers (8%), and stock cards (57%) in most health facilities. Core data collection tools were incompletely filled in a significant proportion of facilities (37% for registers and 81% for tally sheets). Almost every health facility (89%) did not adhere to the recommendation of filling tally sheets during vaccination; the filling was instead done either before (51% of facilities) or after (25% of facilities) vaccinating several children. Moreso, about 8% of facilities did not collect data on vaccine administration. About a third of facilities did not collect data on stock levels (35%), vaccine storage temperatures (21%), and vaccine wastage (39%).
Conclusion
Our finding unveils important gaps in data collection practices at the facility level that could adversely affect Cameroon's immunization data quality. It highlights the urgent need for systematic capacity building of frontline immunization staff on data management capacity, standardizing data management processes, and building systems that ensure constant availability of data recording tools at the facility level.
Do metal implants for total hip arthroplasty affect bioelectrical impedance analysis? A retrospective study
Authors: Ukai Taku , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Evaluation of body composition after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is essential because it can be used to evaluate muscle and functional recovery. Muscle volume and degeneration are evaluated using computed tomography (CT). However, CT evaluation of muscle volume has several limitations, such as radiation exposure and high medical cost. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained attention for resolving these limitations of CT. BIA takes advantage of the microelectric current; thus, metal implants may affect the results. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of metal implants on BIA after THA.
Methods: Two types of patients were assessed (group 1: 70 patients who underwent unilateral THA and BIA after THA; group 2: 35 patients who underwent THA and BIA before and after THA. Electric impedance (resistance and reactance) of the operated and non-operated lower limbs was compared in group 1. The pre- andpostoperative impedances of the operated ipsilateral limbs were compared in group 2. To evaluate the effects of sex and age on BIA, the postoperative electrical impedances of men and women were also compared. The correlations between age and electrical impedance were also compared.
Results: Regarding electric impedance in group 1, no significant differences were observed in electrical resistance and reactance between the operated and non-operated lower limbs. Concerning electric impedance in group 2, no significant difference was seen in electric resistance and reactance preoperatively and postoperatively. Electrical resistance was significantly lower in men than in women. A significant negative correlation was observed between age and electrical reactance.
Conclusions:Electrical resistance and reactance did not change significantly after THA. BIA is useful for measuring body composition after THA.
Driving gut microbiota enterotypes through host genetics
Authors: Larzul Catherine , Estellé Jordi , Borey Marion , Blanc Fany , Lemonnier Gaëtan , Billon Yvon , Thiam Mamadou-Gabou , Quinquis Benoit , Galleron Nathalie , Jardet Deborah , Lecardonnel Jérôme , Oñate Florian Plaza , Rogel-Gaillard Claire 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Population stratification based on interindividual variability in gut microbiota composition has revealed the existence of several ecotypes named enterotypes in humans and various animal species. Enterotypes are often associated with environmental factors including diet, but knowledge on the role of host genetics remains scarce. Moreover, enterotypes harbor functionalities likely associated with varying abilities and susceptibilities of their host. Previously, we showed that undercontrolled conditions, 60-day-old pig populations consistently split into two enterotypes with either Prevotella and Mitsuokella (PM enterotype) or Ruminococcus and Treponema (RT enterotype) as keys tone taxa. Here, our aim was to rely on pig as a model to study the influence of host genetics to assemble enterotypes, and to provide clues on enterotype functional differences and their links with growth traits.
Results: We established two pig lines contrasted for abundances of the genera pairs specifying each enterotype at 60 days of age and assessed them for fecal microbiota composition and growth throughout three consecutive generations. Response to selection across three generations revealed, per line, an increase in the prevalence of the selected enterotype and in the average relative abundances of directly and indirectly selected bacterial genera. The PM enterotype was found less diverse than the RT enterotype but more efficient for piglet growth during the post-weaning period. Shotgun metagenomics revealed differentially abundant bacterial species between the two enterotypes. By using the KEGG Orthology database, we show that functions related to starch degradation and polysaccharide metabolism are enriched in the PM enterotype, whereas functions related to general nucleoside transport and peptide/nickel transport are enriched in the RT enterotype. Our results also suggest that the PM and RT enterotypes might differ for the metabolism of valine, leucin and isoleucine, favoring their biosynthesis and degradation, respectively.
Conclusion: We experimentally demonstrated that enterotypes are functional ecosystems that can be selected as a whole by exerting a pressure on the host genetics. We also highlight that holobionts should be considered as units of selection in breeding programs. These results pave the way for a holistic use of host genetics, microbiota diversity and enterotype functionalities to understand holobiont shaping and adaptation.
Impact of Deep Cryogenic Temperatures on High-k Stacked Dual Gate Junctionless MOSFET Performance: Analog and RF analysis
Authors: Ghosh Rittik , Nelapati Rajeev Pankaj 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article presents the reliability analysis of a High-k stacked Dual Gate Junction-less MOSFET at Deep Cryogenic Temperatures (as low as 50 Kelvin) in terms of dc, analog and RF stability performance metrics. Furthermore, the dc and analog figure of merits in the presence polarized interface trap charge densities has been analyzed at sub-ambient temperatures. The steep ON-OFF switching and the sub-threshold slope profile shows heavy reliance on temperature variations and confirm that the transistor electrostatics improve at lower temperatures. The study reveals the compatibility of the device to perform at cryogenic temperatures and can be integrated with CMOS technology for quantum computations.
Impact of Childbirth Modes on Postpartum Pelvic Floor Electromyographic Activity: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wu Maonian , Zhou Bingjie , Zhu Shaojun , Zheng Bo , Qian Cheng , Li Qiongshan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the effects of disparate modes of delivery on the pelvic floor electromyographic potential in postpartum women.
Methods: 3955 females from Postpartum 42 days clinic was incorporated into the study, They subjected to electrophysiological examination of pelvic floor musculature ( sEMG ) . Based on their respective modes of childbirth, they were categorized into four distinct groups. cesarean section(GROUP A, n=791), normal delivery accompanied by episiotomy(GROUP B, n=791), normal delivery coupled with perineal laceration(GROUP C, n=791), and standard vaginal delivery(GROUP D, n=1582). Quantitative determinations were performed for fast-twitch stage maximum value, slow-twitch stage mean value, pre-testing resting stage mean value and post-testing resting stage mean value.
Results: The group A exhibited higher electromyographic indicators than those observed in the group D, who in turn demonstrated higher electromyographic indicators than those in the group B and group C. The differences in surface electromyographic indicators between Group B and Group C postpartum women are not significant. Age exerts a statistically significant impact on the pre-resting phase, slow-twitch stage, and post-resting phase (p<0.05), but its influence on the fast-twitch stage is not statistically significant (p>0.05). The number of childbirths has a statistically significant effect on the fast-twitch stage maximum value and slow-twitch stage mean value (p<0.05), but its influence on the other two variables is not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The mode of delivery influences pelvic floor electromyography. Cesarean delivery has a more substantial impact on pelvic floor electromyography compared to episiotomy during vaginal delivery, perineal laceration during vaginal birth, and unassisted vaginal delivery. Both episiotomy and perineal laceration during vaginal delivery, compared to unassisted vaginal delivery, tend to amplify the effects on pelvic floor function. The impacts on pelvic floor function between episiotomy and perineal laceration incurred during vaginal delivery are minimally different.
State Preparation in a Jaynes-Cummings Lattice with Quantum Optimal Control
Authors: Parajuli Prabin , Govindarajan Anuvetha , Tian Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High-fidelity preparation of quantum states in an interacting many-body system is often hindered by the lack of knowledge of such states and by limited decoherence times. Here we study a quantum optimal control (QOC) approach for fast generation of quantum ground states in a finite-sized Jaynes-Cummings lattice with unit filling. Our result shows that the QOC approach can generate quantum many-body states with high fidelity when the evolution time is above a threshold time, and it can significantly outperform the adiabatic approach. We study the dependence of the threshold time on the parameter constraints and the connection of the threshold time with the quantum speed limit. We also show that the QOC approach can be robust against control errors. Our result can lead to advances in the application of the QOC for many-body state preparation.