bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersection analysis using computer vision techniques with SUMO
Authors: Shirazi Mohammad Shokrolah , Morris Brendan Tran , Zhang Shiqi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper presents intersection analysis using computer vision techniques with Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO). First, an efficient deep-visual tracking pipeline is proposed by using the off-the-shelf YOLO object detection architecture and cascading it with a discriminative correlation filter to produce reliable trajectories for traffic analysis of vehicles and pedestrians. While a variety of traffic measurements can be directly estimated from the extracted trajectories (e.g., speed, turning movement count), a method of incorporating turning movement count (TMC) within SUMO is proposed in order to mimic a realistic traffic flow for an observed intersection and its comprehensive analysis. Experimental evaluations on the developed tracking system implies that the YOLOv5 variant is the best for traffic cameras and, after appropriate fine-tuning using the University of Nevada, Las Vegas pedestrian data set, the YOLOv5 performance manifested a significant improvement with a recall value of 0.62. The tracking system is further employed for monitoring three other intersections in the downtown area of Las Vegas and turning movement counts were estimated for peak hours in the morning and evening of one day (7:00–9:00 and 16:00–18:00) at 15-min intervals. Finally, the intersection design, including traffic signals with estimated TMC, is used to calibrate SUMO to provide critical parameters (e.g., lane density, travel time, occupancy) for traffic signal performance evaluation and comprehensive intersection analysis. The signal design treatment demonstrates a significant improvement in travel times and simulation results indicate that the turning-left ratio is a crucial factor affecting the travel time of vehicles on each intersection leg.
Up-regulation of resident chromosomal fosB gene expression: a novel mechanism of acquired fosfomycin resistance in MRSA
Authors: Aiezza Noemi , Antonelli Alberto , Coppi Marco , Di Pilato Vincenzo , Giani Tommaso , Rossolini Gian Maria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated fosfomycin susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance in a collection of 99 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia, previously collected from a multicentre survey carried out in Italy.

Methods
Fosfomycin susceptibility was tested by reference agar dilution. Bioinformatic and gene expression analysis, mutant selection experiments and WGS were executed to characterize fosfomycin resistance mechanisms.

Results
Fosfomycin resistance rates were 0% (0 of 35) among MSSA and 22% (14 of 64) among MRSA, with no evidence of clonal expansion. Resistance mechanisms were putatively identified in 8 of the 14 resistant strains, including: (i) chromosomal mutations causing loss of function of the UhpT transporter; (ii) overexpression of the gene encoding the Tet38 efflux pump; and (iii) overexpression of a fosB gene encoding a fosfomycin-inactivating enzyme, which was found to be resident in the chromosome of several S. aureus lineages but not always associated with fosfomycin resistance. The latter mechanism, which had not been previously described and was confirmed by results of in vitro mutant selection experiments, was associated in two cases with transposition of an IS1182 element upstream of the chromosomal fosB gene, apparently providing an additional promoter.

Conclusions
This study showed that some S. aureus clonal lineages carry a resident chromosomal fosB gene and can evolve to fosfomycin resistance by overexpression of this gene.
Effect of different ratios of phytogenic feed additives on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal barrier integrity, and immune response in weaned pigs challenged with a pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Chang Se Yeon , Lee Ji Hwan , Oh Han Jin , An Jae Woo , Song Dong Cheol , Cho Hyun Ah , Park Se Hyun , Jeon Kyeong Ho , Cho Seung Yeol , Kim Dong Jun , Kim Mi Suk , Cho Jin Ho 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different ratios of phytogenic feed additives (PFA) to weaned pigs challenged with pathogenic Escherichia coli on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal barrier integrity, and immune response, and to determine the optimal mixing ratio for post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) prevention. A total of 48 4-wk-old weaned pigs with initial body weight of 8.01 ± 0.39 kg were placed in individual metabolic cages, and then randomly assigned to eight treatment groups. The eight treatments were as follows: a basal diet without E. coli challenge (negative control, NC), a basal diet with E. coli challenge (positive control, PC), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 20% bitter citrus extract (BCE), 10% microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol (MEO), and 70% excipient (T1), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 10% MEO, 20% premixture of grape seed and grape marc extract, green tea, and hops (PGE), and 60% excipient (T2), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 10% BCE, 10% MEO, 10% PGE, and 70% excipient (T3), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 20% BCE, 20% MEO, and 60% excipient (T4), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 20% MEO, 20% PGE, and 60% excipient (T5), and PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 10% BCE, 20% MEO, 10% PGE, and 60% excipient (T6). The experiments progressed in 16 days, including 5 days before and 11 days after the first E. coli challenge (day 0). In the E. coli challenge treatments, all pigs were orally inoculated by dividing a total of 10 mL of E. coli F 18 for three consecutive days from day 0 postinoculation (PI). Compared with the PC group, the PFA2 and PFA6 groups significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) feed efficiency and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) diarrhea during the entire period. At day 11 PI, the PFA6 group significantly improved (P &lt; 0.05) gross energy digestibility compared to the PFA1 group. The PFA6 group significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in serum and increased (P &lt; 0.05) the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD). The PFA2 significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the relative protein expression of calprotectin in the ileum. In conclusion, improvements in growth performance, diarrhea reduction, and immunity enhancement are demonstrated when 10% BCE, 20% MEO, 10% PGE, and 60% excipient are mixed.
Beyond Co-integration: New Tools for Inference on Co-movements
Authors: Abadir Karim M , Talmain Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Macroeconomic and aggregate financial series were shown empirically to share an unconventional form of cyclical and persistent dynamics, whose functional form was obtained from the solution of general-equilibrium models with heterogeneous firms. The econometric modeling of equations that link such series requires a new methodology, as existing parametric techniques can cause paradoxical regression results and omit predictabilities. We provide a solution to disentangle the genuine relation between variables (the parameters linking them) from the unconventional dynamics that drive them. As an application, we show that GBP-USD forward premia have no predictive power for excess returns over 1976–2015 (thus solving this forward-premium puzzle) once the unconventional dynamics of spot rates are modeled. Taking advantage of these dynamics, we uncover a trading strategy which consistently outperforms existing ones in the out-of-sample period 2015–2021, delivering almost treble their profits and yielding a Sharpe ratio of 85%. Hence, even in this heavily traded market, the efficient market hypothesis has been failing for over 45 years as persistent profit opportunities remained unexploited because of the unconventional dynamics of the spot rate.
Forecasting Large Realized Covariance Matrices: The Benefits of Factor Models and Shrinkage
Authors: Alves Rafael P , de Brito Diego S , Medeiros Marcelo C , Ribeiro Ruy M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose a model to forecast large realized covariance matrices of returns, applying it to the constituents of the S&P 500 daily. To address the curse of dimensionality, we decompose the return covariance matrix using standard firm-level factors (e.g., size, value, and profitability) and use sectoral restrictions in the residual covariance matrix. This restricted model is then estimated using vector heterogeneous autoregressive models with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Our methodology improves forecasting precision relative to standard benchmarks and leads to better estimates of minimum variance portfolios.
Spatial repellency and attractancy responses of some chemical lures against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) using the high-throughput screening system
Authors: Boonyuan Wasana , Tisgratog Rungarun , Ahebwa Alex , Leepasert Theerachart , Thanispong Kanutcharee , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the behavioral responses of Aedes albopictus and Anopheles minimus to 3 isovaleric acid and lactic acid-based chemical lure blends and 2 individual alcohols, using Spatial Repellency Assay in a high-throughput screening system (HITSS). Five doses of 0.0002, 0.001, 0.0025, 0.005, and 0.01 g were tested per lure. A BG-lure was used as a reference standard. After 10-min exposure, the number of mosquitoes moving toward or away from the treated chamber was calculated. The results showed that all lures were repellent against Ae. albopictus except for Lure-4 (4% w/v isovaleric acid + 2% w/v lactic acid + 0.0025% w/v myristic acid + 2.5% w/v ammonium hydroxide) which showed a nonsignificant attractancy at the lowest dose. Significantly high spatial repellency was observed at the highest dose of all the tested lures including BG-lure. Lure-2 (isoamyl alcohol) was significantly repellent at all the tested doses. Against An. minimus, Lure-5 (0.02% w/v isovaleric acid + 2% w/v lactic acid) showed significant spatial repellency while Lure-4 was significantly attractant, at all the tested doses. All lures, except Lure-4, showed strong spatial repellency at high doses and attractancy or weak spatial repellency at the lowest dose of 0.0002 g. In summary, our study demonstrated that spatial repellency and attractancy of the tested lures were influenced by both the dose tested and the mosquito species. Lure-2 and Lure-4 are potential spatial repellents and attractants, respectively, for malaria and dengue vectors. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these results at a semifield and open field level.
OzDES Reverberation Mapping Programme: Mg ii lags and R−L relation
Authors: Yu Zhefu , Martini Paul , Penton A , Davis T M , Kochanek C S , Lewis G F , Lidman C , Malik U , Sharp R , Tucker B E , Aguena M , Annis J , Bertin E , Bocquet S , Brooks D , Carnero Rosell A , Carollo D , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Diehl H T , Doel P , Everett S , Ferrero I , García-Bellido J , Gatti M , Gerdes D W , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Mena-Fernández J , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Nichol B , Paz-Chinchón F , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Raveri M , Romer A K , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Vincenzi M , Walker A R , Weaverdyck N 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The correlation between the broad line region radius and continuum luminosity (R–L relation) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is critical for single-epoch mass estimates of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). At z ∼ 1–2, where AGN activity peaks, the R–L relation is constrained by the reverberation mapping (RM) lags of the Mg ii line. We present 25 Mg ii lags from the Australian Dark Energy Survey RM project based on 6 yr of monitoring. We define quantitative criteria to select good lag measurements and verify their reliability with simulations based on both the damped random walk stochastic model and the rescaled, resampled versions of the observed light curves of local, well-measured AGN. Our sample significantly increases the number of Mg ii lags and extends the R–L relation to higher redshifts and luminosities. The relative iron line strength $\mathcal {R}_{\rm Fe}$ has little impact on the R–L relation. The best-fitting Mg iiR–L relation has a slope α = 0.39 ± 0.08 with an intrinsic scatter $\sigma _{\rm rl} = 0.15^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$ . The slope is consistent with previous measurements and shallower than the H β R–L relation. The intrinsic scatter of the new R–L relation is substantially smaller than previous studies and comparable to the intrinsic scatter of the H β R–L relation. Our new R–L relation will enable more precise single-epoch mass estimates and SMBH demographic studies at cosmic noon.
The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M 31) VI. Kinematics of M 31 inner-halo substructures and comparison with major-merger simulation predictions
Authors: Bhattacharya Souradeep , Arnaboldi Magda , Hammer Francois , Yang Yanbin , Gerhard Ortwin , Caldwell Nelson , Freeman Kenneth C 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
M 31 has experienced a recent tumultuous merger history, as evidenced from the many substructures that are still present in its inner halo, particularly the G1-Clump, NE-, and W-shelves and the Giant Stream (GS). We present planetary nebulae (PNe) line-of-sight velocity (LOSV) measurements covering the entire spatial extent of these four substructures. We further use predictions for the satellite and host stellar particle phase space distributions for a major merger (mass ratio = 1:4) simulation to help interpret the data. The measured PN LOSVs for the two shelves and GS are consistent with those from red giant branch stars. Their projected radius versus LOSV phase space, links the formation of these substructures in a single unique event, consistent with a major merger. We find the G1-clump to be dynamically cold compared to the M 31 disc ($\rm \sigma _{LOS, PN}=27$  km s−1), consistent with pre-merger disc material. Such a structure can not form in a minor merger (mass ratio ∼1:20) and is therefore a smoking gun for the recent major merger event in M 31. The simulation also predicts the formation of a predominantly in situ halo from splashed-out pre-merger disc material, in qualitative agreement with observations of a metal-rich inner halo in M 31. Juxtaposed with previous results for its discs, we conclude that M 31 has had a recent (2.5–4 Gyr ago) ‘wet’ major merger with the satellite falling along the GS, heating the pre-merger disc to form the M 31 thicker disc, rebuilding the M 31 thin disc, and creating the aforementioned inner-halo substructures.
Search of nearby resolved neutron stars among optical sources
Authors: Bihain Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Neutron stars are identified as pulsars, X-ray binary components, central objects of supernovae remnants, or isolated thermally emitting sources and at distances beyond 120 pc. A population extrapolation suggests 103 objects within that boundary. Potentially, neutron stars could continuously emit gravitational waves at sensitivity reach of present instrumentation. As part of our Search for the Nearest Neutron Stars ‘‘Five Seasons’’ project, we search for nearby resolved neutron stars. Based on expected fluxes and magnitudes of thermally cooling neutron stars and pulsars, we selected sources in Gaia DR3. The sources have G-band absolute magnitudes MG &gt; 16 mag, parallax signal-to-noise ratios greater than two, and colours GBP − G &lt; 0.78 and G − GRP &lt; 0.91 mag for power-law emitters of flux $F_{\nu } \propto \nu ^{-\alpha _{\nu }}$ with spectral indices αν &lt; 3. The photometric region overlaps with that of white dwarfs, in confluence with most known pulsars in binaries having white dwarf companions. We looked for counterparts in gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, radio, optical, and infrared catalogues. We find about two X-ray-, 15 ultraviolet-, one radio probable counterparts, and at least four sources with power-law profiles at the ultraviolet–optical(–infrared). Because the sources have G ⪆ 20 mag, we rely on Gaia DR3 single-source parameters. We identify possible binaries based on photoastrometric parameters, visual companions, and flux excesses. Some emission components suggest small thermal radii. Source types, neutron star content, and properties require further inquiry.
Probing gamma-ray bursts observed at very high energies through their afterglow
Authors: Guarini Ersilia , Tamborra Irene , Bégué Damien , Rudolph Annika 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
A growing number of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows is observed at very-high energies (VHE, ≳ 100 GeV). Yet, our understanding of the mechanism powering the VHE emission remains baffling. We make use of multiwavelength observations of the afterglow of GRB 180720B, GRB 190114C, and GRB 221009A to investigate whether the bursts exhibiting VHE emission share common features. We assume the standard afterglow model and microphysical parameters consistent with a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario for the VHE radiation. By requiring that the blastwave should be transparent to γ–γ pair production at the time of observation of the VHE photons and relying on typical prompt emission efficiencies and data in the radio, optical, and X-ray bands, we infer for those bursts that the initial energy of the blastwave is $\tilde{E}_{k, \rm {iso}} \gtrsim \mathcal {O}(10^{54})$ erg and the circumburst density is $n_0 \lesssim \mathcal {O}(10^{-1})$ cm−3 for a constant circumburst profile [or $A_\star \lesssim \mathcal {O}(10^{-1})$ cm−1 for a wind scenario]. Our findings thus suggest that these VHE bursts might be hosted in low-density environments, if the SSC radiation is responsible for the VHE emission. While these trends are based on a small number of bursts, the Cherenkov Telescope Array has the potential to provide crucial insight in this context by detecting a larger sample of VHE GRBs. In addition, due to the very poor statistics, the non-observation of high-energy neutrinos cannot constrain the properties of these bursts efficiently, unless additional VHE GRBs should be detected at distances closer than 15 Mpc when IceCube-Gen2 radio will be operational.
AGN feeding and feedback in M84: from kiloparsec scales to the Bondi radius
Authors: Bambic C J , Russell H R , Reynolds C S , Fabian A C , McNamara B R , Nulsen P E J 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the deepest Chandra observation to date of the galaxy M84 in the Virgo Cluster, with over 840 ks of data provided by legacy observations and a recent 730 ks campaign. The increased signal-to-noise ratio allows us to study the origins of the accretion flow feeding the supermassive black hole in the centre of M84 from the kiloparsec scales of the X-ray halo to the Bondi radius, RB. Temperature, metallicity, and deprojected density profiles are obtained in four sectors about M84’s active galactic nucleus (AGN), extending into the Bondi radius. Rather than being dictated by the potential of the black hole, the accretion flow is strongly influenced by the AGN’s bipolar radio jets. Along the jet axis, the density profile is consistent with ne ∝ r−1; however, the profiles flatten perpendicular to the jet. Radio jets produce a significant asymmetry in the flow, violating a key assumption of Bondi accretion. Temperature in the inner kiloparsec is approximately constant, with only a slight increase from 0.6 to 0.7 keV approaching RB, and there is no evidence for a temperature rise imposed by the black hole. The Bondi accretion rate $\dot{M}_{\rm B}$ exceeds the rate inferred from AGN luminosity and jet power by over four orders of magnitude. In sectors perpendicular to the jet, $\dot{M}_{\rm B}$ measurements agree; however, the accretion rate is &gt;4σ lower in the North sector along the jet, likely due to cavities in the X-ray gas. Our measurements provide unique insight into the fuelling of AGN responsible for radio mode feedback in galaxy clusters.
Leopardus guigna(Carnivora: Felidae)
Authors: Peckham Catherine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLeopardus guigna (Molina, 1782) is a felid commonly called the kodkod. It is the smallest cat in the Americas—about the size of a small house cat—and is 1 of 13 species in the genus Leopardus. Leopardus guigna has the smallest distribution of any New World felid, restricted to southern Chile and Argentina where it is strongly associated with the Chilean Matorral and Valdivian Temperate Rainforest ecoregions. Leopardus guigna is listed on Appendix II of the Convention for the International Trade of Endangered Species and as “Vulnerable” (VU) by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature due to habitat loss and fragmentation, human persecution, and its declining population.
Modulating the early-life gut microbiota using pro-, pre-, and synbiotics to improve gut health, child development, and growth
Authors: Momo Kadia Benjamin , Otiti Mary Iwaret , Ramsteijn Anouschka S , Sow Doudou , Faye Babacar , Heffernan Claire , Hall Lindsay J , Webster Joanne P , Walker Alan W , Allen Stephen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In children exposed to poor hygiene and sanitation, invasion of the gut by pathogenic microbes can result in a subclinical enteropathy termed “environmental enteric dysfunction” (EED) that contributes to undernutrition, growth faltering, and impaired organ development. EED may already be present by age 6–12 weeks; therefore, interventions that can be started early in life, and used alongside breastfeeding, are needed to prevent or ameliorate EED. A healthy gut microbiota is critical for intestinal development and repair, nutrient digestion and absorption, and resisting colonization or overgrowth by pathogens. However, its development can be impaired by several environmental factors. Dietary supplementation with pro-, pre-, or synbiotics may be a pragmatic and safe means of building the resilience of the developing gut microbiota against adverse environmental factors, thereby preventing EED.