bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effectiveness of online interactive courses on loneliness and quality of life of older adults in the community during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A pilot study and a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Shang‐Yu , Yang Cheng‐Chia , Lee Ya‐Chen , Hsieh Pei‐Lun , Lin Ying‐Lien 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe early stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic was a critical time for increasing loneliness, especially for older people. However, there is insufficient existing research on associated interventions and their effectiveness.AimThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an 8‐week online interactive course on the loneliness, depression, social support, and quality of life (QOL) of older adults in the community during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA single‐blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to collect data from a community in Taiwan. Eighty‐nine participants recruited from long‐term care institutions were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 44) and a control group (n = 45). Participants in the experimental group received an 8‐week (Monday to Friday) intensive online interactive course, whereas those in the control group watched 8 weeks (Monday to Friday) of unidirectional online video programs.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the UCLA Loneliness Scale and in both the psychological health and social relationship domains of the WHO Quality of Life‐BREF Scale. In other words, compared with those in the control group, participants in the experimental group experienced more significant improvements in the state of their loneliness as well as QOL in the psychological health and social relationship domains (without the physical health/environment domains) after taking the online interactive course.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that the 8‐week online interactive course could effectively improve the loneliness, the psychological health domain, and the social relationship domain of the QOL of the older adults of a particular community during the ongoing pandemic. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 91–97.
Trustee strategies, politicization and de‐delegation: The case of the European Central Bank
Authors: Tesche Tobias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article shows how the European Central Bank (ECB) reduced the risk of politicization and de facto de‐delegation despite experiencing contestation. During the euro area crisis and the coronavirus emergency the ECB's monetary policy measures have been widely praised for their effectiveness. Even though the ECB is an independent trustee that cannot be easily sanctioned, it needs to engage with its principals to receive their political backing for common projects and in order to reaffirm its own centrality in governance. This article identifies different trustee strategies to reduce politicization and thereby to decrease the risk of de facto de‐delegation: (i) dualism, (ii) voluntary self‐restraint, and (iii) changing the yard stick. It concludes by showing that the ECB has expanded its monetary policy toolbox without triggering neither formal nor de facto de‐delegation.
Career outcomes and satisfaction among graduates of a 4‐year oral health and welfare baccalaureate program at Niigata University, Japan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ishiguro‐Matsumoto Asuka , Stegaroiu Roxana , Suwama Kana , Shibata Satoko , Yoshihara Akihiro , Ohuchi Akitsugu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveGlobally, baccalaureate programs in dental hygiene are increasingly established. In addition, in Japan, many dental hygienists (DHs) and social workers (SWs) are prematurely leaving the workforce. This study aimed to investigate the most recent employment, career outcomes, reasons for a job change, and satisfaction with the job and undergraduate curriculum among graduates of the baccalaureate program at the Department of Oral Health and Welfare (DOHW), Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University.MethodsAll 262 graduates (graduating classes 1–10) of the DOHW were invited to participate in this survey; an original self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to those who consented. Responses were received from 114 (43.5%) graduates.ResultsAlmost all respondents (89.5%) had dual licensure as both DH and certified SW. They were employed immediately after graduation (99.1%) and at the time of the survey (96.5%). Over 60% of them worked as DHs, mainly in hospitals. SWs mainly worked in administration. Among the 113 respondents who were employed, 39.8% changed jobs at least once. The main reasons for job selection were ‘interest in job content’ and ‘flexible working hours’. Nearly 90% of the respondents felt satisfied or fairly satisfied with their job and their undergraduate education.ConclusionsA quality 4‐year baccalaureate degree program in dental hygiene and social welfare positively influenced graduates' work continuity. Most graduates felt satisfied or fairly satisfied with their job and the undergraduate curriculum. Employment rates within each profession and the prevalence of hospital and administrative roles were higher than national averages. Long‐term studies of graduates' career outcomes are warranted.
Effects of phase‐transited lysozyme on adhesion, migration and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells: An in vitro study
Authors: Zhao Jiange , Zhou Yunjie , Yan Jinjie , Liu Jie , Wang Linxian , Zhang Xu , Lou Yaxin , Que Kehua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the effects of phase‐transited lysozyme (PTL) coated dentine slices on cell adhesion, migration and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).MethodologyCell growth and cell cycle analysis were conducted to verify the biocompatibility of PTL for HDPCs. Cell adhesion, cell morphology and proliferation were explored by DiI staining, Scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay. Cell migration was investigated by Transwell assay. The effects of PTL on odontogenesis and mineralization of HDPCs were assessed by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The mineralization of HDPCs was evaluated by Alizarin red staining. HDPCs were isolated from extracted third molars. The level of statistically significant difference was accepted at p < .05.ResultsPTL showed no negative effect on cell cycle of HDPCs and compared with the blank group, HDPCs labelled with DiI staining showed significantly more adhered cells at 48 h (p < .05), extending cell processes and more finger‐like or reticular pseudopodia on PTL‐coated dentine slices. The results of MTT and Transwell assay showed that PTL promoted the proliferation (p < .05) and migration (p < .01) of HDPCs, respectively. Compared with the blank group, the gene expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), osteopontin and bone sialoprotein in HDPCs cultured on PTL was significantly upregulated on day 3 and 7 (p < .05), while the protein expression of DSPP showed no significant change on both day 7 and day 14. Alizarin red staining showed that PTL promoted more mineralization nodules formation of HDPCs (p < .05).ConclusionsPTL promoted the adhesion, proliferation and migration of HDPCs on dentine slices, and positively affected odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of HDPCs.
Evaluation of postoperative pain and healing following regenerative endodontics using platelet‐rich plasma versus conventional endodontic treatment in necrotic mature mandibular molars with chronic periapical periodontitis. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ahmed Yassmin Elsayed , Ahmed Geraldine Mohamed , Ghoneim Angie Galal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the post‐operative pain and the healing of necrotic mature permanent mandibular molar teeth with peri‐apical periodontitis after conventional endodontic treatment versus after platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) revascularization.MethodologyThe protocol of this randomized clinical trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov with identification number NCT 03350841. Twenty‐eight patients were included in the study after confirming the diagnosis clinically and radiographically. In the first visit, mandibular molar teeth of both groups were mechanically prepared. Double antibiotic paste was prepared and injected then the cavity that was sealed with glass ionomer. At the second visit, the patients were randomized either to control group where standard endodontic treatment was completed by lateral condensation technique or assigned to intervention group where PRP revascularization technique. The degree of spontaneous pain was assessed using numerical rating scale (NRS) pre‐operatively, then post‐operatively after 6, 12 h and daily for 5 days. Patients were given a placebo to be administrated in case of pain. An analgesic (ibuprofen 400mg) was prescribed in case of persistent pain. Clinical and radiographic healing was assessed after 6 and 12 months. All demographic, baseline and outcome data were collected and statistically analysed.ResultsRegarding the post revascularization/obturation pain, there was no statistically significant difference between severity of pain in the two groups at all time intervals except after 12 h, revascularization group showed statistically significantly higher prevalence of no pain than endodontic treatment group. Regarding the healing; the periapical lesions decrease in size significantly from the pre‐operative lesion size in both groups without significant difference between the both groups.ConclusionWithin the limitation of this study, PRP revascularization could be an alternative treatment to root canal treatment but further randomized clinical trials with standardized techniques and long follow up periods are recommended for more reliable results.
Functional, bioactive and morphological properties of purple wheat bran enriched pasta
Authors: Jhans Bhupinder , Kaur Gurkirat , Gupta Antima , Singh Arashdeep , Sharma Savita , Sharma Rajan 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe current study assesses the impact of purple wheat bran incorporation (5–20%) on functionality of durum wheat pasta. Owing to the presence of dietary fibre, anthocyanins and other functional compounds in purple wheat bran, it possesses several health benefits mainly through antioxidative mechanisms. Incorporation of ban at varying levels (5–20%) reduces the pasting viscosity and enhances the water absorption and oil absorption capacity of blends. A linear significant (P  < 0.05) increment was noted in the minimum cooking time (min), water absorption (%), volume expansion (mL/g) and solid gruel losses (%) with the level of bran due to dilution of gluten networking and hydration properties of fibre. Incorporation of bran decreases the firmness (0.32–0.23 kg) and toughness (1.29–0.97 kg). Lightness (L) value of pasta decreases while redness (a*) value increases with the increase in bran level in pasta. Purple wheat bran incorporated pasta exhibited better bioactive profile in terms of anthocyanin content, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and DPPH· radical scavenging activity. Macromolecular and morphological changes were also seen due to interference of fibre as indicated by SEM and FTIR analyses.
The importance of inflammation control for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds
Authors: Worsley Anna L. , Lui Dennis H. , Ntow‐Boahene Winnie , Song Wenhui , Good Liam , Tsui Janice 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiabetic chronic wounds cause massive levels of patient suffering and economic problems worldwide. The state of chronic inflammation arises in response to a complex combination of diabetes mellitus‐related pathophysiologies. Advanced treatment options are available; however, many wounds still fail to heal, exacerbating morbidity and mortality. This review describes the chronic inflammation pathophysiologies in diabetic ulcers and treatment options that may help address this dysfunction either directly or indirectly. We suggest that treatments to reduce inflammation within these complex wounds may help trigger healing.
Mechanical and contact characteristics of foam materials within wound dressings: Theoretical and practical considerations in treatment
Authors: Gefen Amit , Alves Paulo , Beeckman Dimitri , Lázaro‐Martínez José Luis , Lev‐Tov Hadar , Najafi Bijan , Swanson Terry , Woo Kevin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the treatment of acute and chronic wounds, the clinical performance of a given foam‐based dressing, and, ultimately, the wound healing and cost of care outcomes are strongly influenced by the mechanical performance of the foam material/s within that dressing. Most aspects of the mechanical performance of foam materials, for example, their stiffness, frictional properties, conformability, swelling characteristics and durability, and the overall mechanical protection provided by a foam‐based dressing to a wound strongly depend on the microstructure of the foam components, particularly on their microtopography, density and porosity. This article, therefore, provides, for the first time, a comprehensive, self‐inclusive compilation of clinically relevant theoretical and practical considerations, based on published analytical and experimental research as well as clinical experience related to the mechanical performance of foams in foam‐based wound dressings. The current bioengineering information is useful for establishing understanding of the importance of mechanical properties of foams in foam‐based dressings among clinicians and researchers in industry and academia, and other potential stakeholders in the wound care field, for example, regulators and buyers. This information is also particularly important for the development of standardised test methods for the evaluation of foam‐based wound dressings and resulting standard mechanical performance metrics for these dressings.
Seizure Risk with Vaccination
Authors: Berg Anne T. 
Published: December 2022

The Risk of Seizures After Receipt of Whole-Cell Pertussis or Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Barlow WE, Davis RL, Glasser JW, Rhodes PH, Thompson RS, Mullooly JP, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Ward JI, Marcy SM, DeStefano F, Chen RT, Immanuel V, Pearson JA, Vadheim CM, Rebolledo V, Christakis D, Benson PJ, Lewis N N Engl J Med 2001;345:656–661 Background The administration of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccine and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been associated with adverse neurologic events, including seizures. We studied the relation between these vaccinations and the risk of a first seizure, subsequent seizures, and neurodevelopmental disability in children. Methods This cohort study was conducted at four large health maintenance organizations and included reviews of the medical records of children with seizures. We calculated the relative risks of febrile and nonfebrile seizures among 679,942 children after 340,386 vaccinations with DTP vaccine, 137,457 vaccinations with MMR vaccine, or no recent vaccination. Children who had febrile seizures after vaccination were followed to identify the risk of subsequent seizures and other neurologic disabilities. Results Receipt of DTP vaccine was associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures only on the day of vaccination (adjusted relative risk, 5.70; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.98 to 16.42). Receipt of MMR vaccine was associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures 8 to 14 days after vaccination (relative risk, 2.83; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.44 to 5.55). Neither vaccination was associated with an increased risk of nonfebrile seizures. Analyses of automated data alone gave results similar to the analyses of the data from medical-record reviews. The number of febrile seizures attributable to the administration of DTP and MMR vaccines was estimated to be 6 to 9 and 25 to 34 per 100,000 children, respectively. As compared with other children with febrile seizures that were not associated with vaccination, the children who had febrile seizures after vaccination were not found to be at higher risk for subsequent seizures or neurodevelopmental disabilities. Conclusions There are significantly elevated risks of febrile seizures on the day of receipt of DTP vaccine and 8 to 14 days after the receipt of MMR vaccine, but these risks do not appear to be associated with any long-term, adverse consequences.
Memory Function Related to Hippocampal Imaging Findings
Authors: Hermann Bruce 
Published: December 2022

The Relationship Between Quantitative T2 Relaxometry and Memory in Nonlesional Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Wendel JD, Trenerry MR, Xu YC, Sencakova D, Cascino GD, Britton JW, Lagerlund TD, Shin C, So EL, Sharbrough FW, Jack CR Epilepsia 2001;42:863–868 Purpose We investigated the relationship between preoperative quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 relaxometry and volumetry of the hippocampi and pre- and postoperative verbal memory in temporal lobectomy patients who had nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods Pre- and postoperative memory data based on the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) and the 30-min delayed recall trial of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) were obtained from 26 left and 15 right temporal lobectomy patients. Coronal MRI T2 maps were generated for these 41 temporal lobectomy patients as well as 61 control patients. Hippocampal T2 relaxation times and hippocampal volumes, converted to z scores using control group data, were correlated with neuropsychological performance in the patients. Results In left temporal lobe-onset patients, high T2 in the left hippocampal body predicted higher LM performance after surgery. Asymmetrically high T2 in the left hippocampal body (i.e., the right-minus-left difference), compared with the right hippocampal body, also predicted higher LM performance after surgery. In right temporal lobe-onset patients, high T2 in the left hippocampal body predicted relatively lower AVLT performance after surgery. Multiple regression analysis in left temporal-onset patients revealed that high T2 in the left hippocampal body together with higher preoperative LM performance predict higher postoperative LM performance. Conclusions Our findings suggest that elevated (i.e., abnormal) hippocampal T2 signal is associated with memory ability (or hippocampal functional capacity) independent of MRI-determined hippocampal atrophy. Therefore, our findings support the use of quantitative T2 relaxometry as an independent predictor of verbal memory outcome in both left and right TLE patients who are candidates for temporal lobectomy.
Antiepileptic Drugs and Homocysteine Levels
Authors: Kanner Andres M. 
Published: December 2022

Antiepileptic Drugs as Independent Predictors of Plasma Total Homocysteine Levels Apeland T, Mansoor MA, Strandjord RE Epilepsy Research 2001;47:27–36 Low folate levels have consistently been reported in patients with epilepsy on phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB) and primidone (PRD), while data on valproate (VPA) are conflicting. Furthermore, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may be associated with high levels of plasma total homocysteine (p-tHcy). Therefore, we have investigated the levels of p-tHcy, serum folate (S-FA) and erythrocyte folate (E-FA) in patients on PHT, PB and PRD (Group 1, n=21) and VPA (Group 2, n=24). Both groups had their own matched controls. Blood samples were drawn fasting and 6 h post methionine loading (6 h-PML). The Group 1 patients had fasting and 6 h-PML p-tHcy levels significantly higher than their controls (P=0.05 and <0.0001, respectively), and patients without dietary multivitamin supplementation (n=14), had lower fasting S-FA and E-FA levels than their controls (P=0.02 and 0.0003, respectively). The Group 2 patients had fasting and 6 h-PML levels of p-tHcy, S-FA and E-FA not different from their controls. In a multiple stepwise regression model comprising all subjects (n=90), the AEDs of Group 1 and the S-FA levels were independent predictors of p-tHcy levels. Thus, PHT, PB and PRD are associated with high p-tHcy and low folate levels, whereas VPA does not influence S-FA, E-FA and p-tHcy levels in adult patients.
Antiepileptogenesis by Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Rogawski Michael A. 
Published: December 2022

Low-frequency Stimulation of the Kindling Focus Delays Basolateral Amygdala Kindling in Immature Rats VelíŠek L, VelíŠkova J, Stanton PK Neurosci Lett 2002;326:61–63. Stimulation of deep brain sites is a new approach for treatment of intractable seizures. In adult rats, low-frequency stimulation (LFS; 1–3 Hz) of the kindling site interferes with the course of kindling epileptogenesis. In this study we determined whether the LFS is effective against the fast kindling in the basolateral amygdala in immature, 15-day-old rats. LFS (15 min of 1-Hz stimulation) was applied after each of the 1-s, 60-Hz kindling stimulus. LFS suppressed afterdischarge duration and seizure stage throughout the course of kindling, which indicates a strong antiepileptogenic potential. As the kindling and LFS stimulation patterns are similar to those used for induction of long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTD), respectively, LTD or depotentiation may play a role in the mechanism of action.
Functional Repair of the Hippocampus by Neural Progenitors
Authors: Cole Andrew J. 
Published: December 2022

Regeneration of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons after Ischemic Brain Injury by Recruitment of Endogenous Neural Progenitors Nakatomi H, Kuriu T, Okabe S, Yamamoto S, Hatano O, Kawahara N, Tamura A, Kirino T, Nakafuku M Cell 2002;110:429 The adult brain is extremely vulnerable to various insults. The recent discovery of neural progenitors in adult mammals, however, raises the possibility of repairing damaged tissue by recruiting the latent regenerative potential. Here we show that activation of endogenous progenitors leads to massive regeneration of hippocampal pyramidal neurons after ischemic brain injury. Endogenous progenitors proliferate in response to ischemia and subsequently migrate into the hippocampus to regenerate new neurons. Intraventricular infusion of growth factors markedly augments these responses, thereby increasing the number of newborn neurons. Our studies suggest that regenerated neurons are integrated into the existing brain circuitry and contribute to ameliorating neurologic deficits. These results expand the possibility of novel neuronal cell-regeneration therapies for stroke and other neurologic disorders.