bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing biomedical research impacts through bioethical considerations
Authors: Tornini Valerie A. , Peregalli Politi Santiago , Bruce Lori , Latham Stephen R. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Bioethics is the formal study of ethical judgments concerning the advances and applications of biology, medicine and related technologies. In a time of unprecedented biomedical advances, it is critical to integrate bioethical frameworks more fully into biomedical research to align these scientific advances with their intended societal needs. In this Perspective, we describe some motivations and frameworks for cross-disciplinary bioethical training for biomedical researchers, and discuss how actively considering bioethics in research and study design could maximize biomedical researchers' intended impacts in society.
Rapid viral metagenomics using SMART-9N amplification and nanopore sequencing
Authors: Claro Ingra M. , Ramundo Mariana S. , Coletti Thais M. , da Silva Camila A. M. , Valenca Ian N. , Candido Darlan S. , Sales Flavia C. S. , Manuli Erika R. , de Jesus Jaqueline G. , de Paula Anderson , Felix Alvina Clara , Andrade Pamela dos Santos , Pinho Mariana C. , Souza William M. , Amorim Mariene R. , Proenca-Modena José Luiz , Kallas Esper G. , Levi José Eduardo , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , Sabino Ester C. , Loman Nicholas J. , Quick Joshua 
Published: April 2023

Emerging and re-emerging viruses are a global health concern. Genome sequencing as an approach for monitoring circulating viruses is currently hampered by complex and expensive methods. Untargeted, metagenomic nanopore sequencing can provide genomic information to identify pathogens, prepare for or even prevent outbreaks. SMART (Switching Mechanism at the 5′ end of RNA Template) is a popular approach for RNA-Seq but most current methods rely on oligo-dT priming to target polyadenylated mRNA molecules. We have developed two random primed SMART-Seq approaches, a sequencing agnostic approach ‘SMART-9N’ and a version compatible rapid adapters available from Oxford Nanopore Technologies ‘Rapid SMART-9N’. The methods were developed using viral isolates, clinical samples, and compared to a gold-standard amplicon-based method. From a Zika virus isolate the SMART-9N approach recovered 10kb of the 10.8kb RNA genome in a single nanopore read. We also obtained full genome coverage at a high depth coverage using the Rapid SMART-9N, which takes only 10 minutes and costs up to 45% less than other methods. We found the limits of detection of these methods to be 6 focus forming units (FFU)/mL with 99.02% and 87.58% genome coverage for SMART-9N and Rapid SMART-9N respectively. Yellow fever virus plasma samples and SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal samples previously confirmed by RT-qPCR with a broad range of Ct-values were selected for validation. Both methods produced greater genome coverage when compared to the multiplex PCR approach and we obtained the longest single read of this study (18.5 kb) with a SARS-CoV-2 clinical sample, 60% of the virus genome using the Rapid SMART-9N method. This work demonstrates that SMART-9N and Rapid SMART-9N are sensitive, low input, and long-read compatible alternatives for RNA virus detection and genome sequencing and Rapid SMART-9N improves the cost, time, and complexity of laboratory work.
Development of a point-of-care genetic test for effective treatment of ischaemic stroke: an early model-based cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wright Stuart , McDermott John , Sen Dwaipayan , Smith Craig , Newman William , Payne Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Background: People who have experienced a stroke are at high risk of recurrent strokes. Clopidogrel is prescribed to people who have had a non-cardioembolic stroke. There is evidence that clopidogrel is not effective for patients with CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles. Pharmacogenetic testing is a potential strategy to identify such patients and guide prescription of appropriate antiplatelet treatment. This study aimed to provide an early estimate of the cost-effectiveness of using a point-of-care pharmacogenetic CYP2C19 test in the UK National Health System. Methods: A decision-analytic model comprising a linked decision tree and Markov model were created in R comparing pharmacogenetic testing with current prescribing practice. In the pharmacogenetic testing arm, patients identified to have one of three loss-of-function alleles were prescribed modified-release dipyridamole and aspirin or aspirin alone. Indicative data were sourced from reviews of the literature supported by expert consultation to select the most appropriate value for the input parameters. The healthcare costs (£;2021) and quality adjusted life years resulting from each strategy were estimated and the incremental cost-effectiveness of testing calculated. Deterministic threshold analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was conducted to account for uncertainty in the parameter estimates. Results: The pharmacogenetic testing strategy generated 0.107 additional QALYs per patient tested and saved £512. Pharmacogenetic testing dominated current prescribing practice. The results were robust to extreme changes in key input variables. The PSA suggested that there was a 77% chance that pharmacogenetic testing would be cost-effective with a 62% chance it is cost-saving. Conclusions : A point-of-care pharmacogenetic test to guide prescription of clopidogrel for people who have experienced a stroke has the potential to provide a significant health gain by preventing secondary strokes and may save resources in the health system. This early economic analysis has also informed the direction for future research.
Herramientas de la justicia penal internacional en la investigación local de graves violaciones a los derechos humanos
Authors: Acosta Reaza Laura Cristina 
Published: April 2023

Los sistemas de justicia penal latinoamericanos, atraviesan desde décadas atrás por una crisis de Graves Violaciones a los Derechos Humanos que se enmarca por un ya normalizado patrón de impunidad, evidenciando que la acción de la Justicia Local se encuentra rebasada por los índices delictivos y por la particular evolución de las políticas y planes de las estructuras criminales que los generan. Este Artículo propone un esquema de tres ejes para aplicar las herramientas de la Justicia Penal Internacional, que a criterio de la autora, configuran una puerta de entrada hacia instituciones de procuración de justicia local, sólidas, estratégicas, aptas para hacer frente a los escenarios de violencia generalizada y capaces de obtener resultados que las vuelvan confiables para las víctimas y la sociedad.
desarrollo del pensamiento multidimensional para la construcción de una ciudadanía creativa
Authors: Rojas chávez Víctor Andrés , Herrero hernández Alejandra , Dumett arrieta Simón , Tabares salazar Adriana , García gutiérrez Zaily Del piar 
Published: April 2023

The Creative Citizenship project was founded to promote critical, ethical, and creative thinking in early childhood, and to recognize and encourage children as social actors and peacebuilders. In concert with the methodology of North American philosopher Matthew Lipman's Philosophy for Children (P4C), Creative Citizenship seeks to promote in children the ability to think critically, ethically, and creatively in and from their own realities, and to exercise multidimensional thinking skills in the various areas of their daily lives. The research documented here adopted a qualitative approach in so far as it sought to inquire about the character of those relationships, particularly among boys and girls, that promote their identity as social agents. As such, it examined training processes and generated theoretical perspectives in the interest of promoting social transformation through the empowerment of multidimensional thinking. The article begins with a review of the concept of Creative Citizenship and ends with that of Peacebuilding. Three theoretical categories have been applied in order to situate the inquiry within the framework of the realities of childhood, and to chart the pedagogical interventions by adults that occurred throughout the implementation of the project. The first focuses on the development of children’s thinking per se, the second on children's capacities for creative problem-solving in social environments, and the third on the concept of peacebuilding as a commitment to practicing philosophical dialogue among children, which is understood as a form of discourse that builds the capacities of citizens to undertake individual and collective actions that allow them, in turn, to create and re-create scenarios of peaceful coexistence.
Prediction of Acoustic Velocity Properties of Downed Pine Trees Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Musah Munkaila , Alawode Abiodun O. , Diaz Javier Hernandez , Asafu-Adjaye Osei , Gallagher Tom , Peresin Maria S. , Peng Yucheng , Mitchell Dana , Smidt Mathew , Via Brian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to determine correlations between acoustic velocity and stiffness properties of downed pine trees in the southern coastal plains of the United States. Three acoustic measurement methods (longitudinal, transverse, and offset) were used. From the measurement of the acoustics, the time of flight (TOF) was determined from the downed trees. Increment core samples were obtained from each thirty downed pine trees in the study. NIR spectra were obtained using a fiber probe on the radial surface of each core to rapidly correlate the speed of sound, estimate the strength properties of the downed trees, and the TOF acoustic assessments. The NIR prediction was very good for the transverse and offset methods. The predictability diagnostic was above an R2 of 0.70 for both offset measurements for the transverse methods for the acoustic velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE). The longitudinal measurement exhibited the weakest model (R2 < 0.65) for both the acoustic velocity and the MOE with the highest standard error of prediction between 3.0 (ELVLSWV) and 0.31 (VLSWV) for the three measurement types. All the standard errors of calibration were below 1% except in ELVOSWV, which was ∼2%. The dry density measured from the increment cores had a moderate correlation (R2 ∼ 60%), compared with the lower correlation (R2 ∼ 50%) by the green density in the multiple linear regression output. The results of the acoustic model indicated that NIR spectroscopy has the potential to predict the acoustic velocity and corresponding stiffness of downed trees.
Thermal blooming with laser-induced convection: radial basis function simulation
Authors: Akers Benjamin F. , Fiorino Steven T. , Reeger Jonah A. 
Published: April 2023

The propagation of a high energy laser through a nearly stagnant
absorbing medium is studied. The absorption values and time scale of
the problem are such that the laser induces convective heat currents
transverse to the beam. These currents couple to the laser via the
refractive index, causing time dependent thermal blooming. A numerical
method is developed and applied to the model in [J. Electromagn. Waves
Appl. 33, 96
(2019)JEWAE50920-507110.1080/09205071.2018.1528183], using
radial basis functions for spatial differencing, which allows for
irregular point spacings and a wide class of geometries. Both the beam
and laser-induced fluid dynamics are numerically simulated. These
simulations are compared to a historical experiment of a 300 W
laser in a smoke-filled chamber with good agreement; both cases
include a crescent shaped spot at the target.
Potential application of a green fiber laser in laser display systems
Authors: Zhu Liquan , Dong Zhipeng , Zou Jinhai , Deng Linxiao , Li Ting , Chen Yuantong , Gu Chun , Xu Lixin , Luo Zhengqian 
Published: April 2023

This study explores the application of optical fiber lasers in display
systems by integrating a Pr3+-doped green all-fiber laser into a
laser projection display system. As a control group to compare the
results, a 520 nm semiconductor green laser diode module was
integrated, similar to the experimental group. The color gamut and
speckle performances were studied and compared. The results showed
that the experimental group performed slightly better in the color
gamut volume. The speckle contrast decreased rapidly in the
experimental group when power increased. To our knowledge, this is the
first study to apply a fiber laser to a laser display system. The
results shed light on developing laser display systems with fewer or
no speckle reduction elements.
Design-Challenges im virtuellen Raum – Ein Erfahrungsbericht und Handlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Di Maria Marco , Walter David , Schoormann Thorsten , Knackstedt Ralf 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie schnelllebige Entwicklung und Anwendung neuer digitaler Technologien führt zu einem erhöhten Innovationsdruck. Organisationen müssen sich an stetig verändernde Marktbedingungen anpassen und neue Ideen entwickeln, um Prozesse, Produkte und Geschäftsmodelle kontinuierlich zu erneuern. Für die Umsetzung solcher Ideen ist die Integration von Wissen über Disziplins- und Institutionsgrenzen hinaus gefordert. Da IT-gestützte Werkzeuge neue Möglichkeiten zur Unterstützung solcher Innovationsprozesse eröffnen, berichtet der vorliegende Beitrag über einen virtuellen Ideenwettbewerb – eine Design-Challenge – zum Thema ‚Einkaufserlebnis der Zukunft in Innenstädten‘. Dabei werden Erfahrungen aus der Vorbereitung und Durchführung synthetisiert. Der Wettbewerb wurde von einem Konsortium, bestehend aus einem universitären Forschungsprojekt, einem mittelständischen Unternehmen, einem regionalen Digitalisierungsinkubator, einer Großstadt und einem Start-Up, durchgeführt. Die teilnehmenden Teams bestanden aus Studierenden. Basierend auf den Erfahrungen und den kritischen Reflexionen aus der Vorbereitung und Durchführung des Wettbewerbs werden Handlungsempfehlungen für zukünftige virtuelle Design Challenges formuliert. Diese geben Unternehmen und öffentlichen Einrichtungen eine Orientierung hinsichtlich der Planung, Durchführung und Evaluation solcher Wettbewerbe.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bone and soft tissue tumor treatment: A single-institution study
Authors: Ban Yoshitaka , Hoshi Manabu , Oebisu Naoto , Shimatani Akiyoshi , Takada Naoki , Iwai Tadashi , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: April 2023

Objective
The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a great deal of damage to daily medical care. We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bone and soft tissue tumor treatment at our hospital.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective comparative study of two groups of patients at Osaka City University Hospital during the period of increasing COVID-19 infections (February-December 2020, group C) and the same period the previous year (February- December 2019, group NC). Clinical data, including patient’s age, gender, type of tumor, neoplasms, number of surgical cases for inpatients and outpatients, operation time, use of implants, length of hospital stay, inpatient hospital costs, number of inpatients receiving anticancer drugs, and postoperative complications in these two groups were retrospectively evaluated.

Results
The number of cases of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors that were resected during hospitalization was predominantly higher in group C than in group NC (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in operation time, use of implants, and postoperative complications between group C and group NC, but there were significant differences in the length of hospital stay and hospital costs (P<0.001).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has been recognized throughout the world to have adverse effects in a variety of areas. It had a negative impact on hospital costs and the length of hospital stay in the field of bone and soft tissue tumor treatment.
IMPACTOS DA COVID-19 NA SAÚDE MENTAL DE ESTUDANTES DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DA ÁREA DA SAÚDE DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE NO CEARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Neves Kelly Rose Tavares , Martins Sophia de Oliveira , Tavares Karisia Caldas , Aragão Gislei Frota 
Published: April 2023

Estudantes de pós-graduação vivenciam um ambiente de intensas demandas e cobranças. A pandemia de COVID-19 provocou a suspensão das atividades acadêmicas presenciais, afetando o cotidiano dessas pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto da COVID-19 na saúde mental de estudantes de pós-graduação stricto sensu da área da saúde de uma universidade pública do Ceará, quanto ao padrão de utilização de medicamentos antidepressivos e ansiolítico. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, utilizando um questionário remoto, no período de agosto de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. Foram coletadas variáveis sócio demográficas, clinicas, sobre uso de medicamentos e dados provenientes de teste “Self-Report Questionnaire”. Participaram do estudo 217 estudantes de mestrado e doutorado, a maioria do sexo feminino (71%), entre 21 e 30 anos (55,3%) e sem filhos (76,5%). Os resultados mostraram um aumento do número de pós-graduandos com sintomas de ansiedade e/ou depressão após a pandemia (23,4%). Entre os principais sintomas destacam-se forte indício de sofrimento mental (60,4%), nervosismo, tensão ou preocupação (77,9%), tristeza (55,3%), dificuldades para realizar atividades diárias com satisfação (55,4%) e cansaço (65%). Estes sintomas foram mais prevalentes entre as mulheres. Em relação ao uso de medicamentos (ansiolíticos/antidepressivos) 38,2% responderam positivamente; 40,9% aumentaram a posologia e 79,5% sentiram reações adversas. Desta forma, a pandemia de COVID-19 provocou efeitos negativos na saúde mental dos pós-graduandos, o que reforça a necessidade de as universidades desenvolverem estratégias de enfrentamento a fim de atenuar o sofrimento emocional desses estudantes.
Making Dents in the Paradigm of a Perfect Wife: Parvati’s Negotiations with Patriarchy in Indian Mythology
Authors: Sahgal Smita , Malik Vinita 
Published: April 2023

Pārvatī is a fascinating figure in Indian mythology and generally what stands out is her absolute love for Śiva who, too, could not ignore her. Popular folklore reiterates the notion of their timeless love and rituals concretize it. Purāṇas do mention her as a goddess of mountains in her own right, but her character gets principally demarcated by her closeness to her husband, Śiva, for whom she could die to avenge humiliation meted out to him by her father in her Satī form. Subsequently, she was reborn as Pārvatī to seek that proximity again. Historically if she was a mother goddess in her own right, we are curious to know how her cult got amalgamated within that of Śiva. Purāṇas give us clues about this process of assimilation and in the course raise a litany of issues that we would attempt to answer in our paper.
DFT investigation of nonlinear optical response of organic compound: acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: Rana Meenakshi , Yadav Pooja , Chowdhury Papia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear optical studies of organic compounds have been widely conducted because of its great scope in molecular engineering. In the present work, we have chosen an organic compound acetylsalicylic acid due to its non-centrosymmetric structure and presence of extended conjugated π-system. Nonlinear optical response of the probe system has been explored computationally by using density functional theory with B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) basis set. To explore the nonlinear optical response, Mulliken charge analysis, Raman, UV–vis, nuclear magnetic resonance, molecular electrostatic potential analysis, polarizability, first order hyperpolarizability etc., have been applied for the probe molecule. Observed high value of dipole moment of optimized structure, charge transfer in the system, high Raman activity, and high value of polarizability, first order hyperpolarizability validate the strong candidature of acetylsalicylic acid to be used as a nonlinear optical active material in the future.
How outward FDIs affect income: experiences from Chinese city-regions
Authors: Yang Ruilin , Bathelt Harald 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) shift resources from a home economy to foreign destinations, increased market and resource access as well as technological and knowledge effects in return have positive impacts on the home region. Such effects may be especially important in emerging contexts, such as that of China. Analyzing data of 285 Chinese city-regions, this paper investigates the impact of OFDIs on home-region income. We show that foreign investment activity positively and significantly impacts income levels in the home region, with differentiated effects depending on the knowledge characteristics of investments and regional absorptive capacity.
Correlated Somatosensory Input in Parvalbumin/Pyramidal Cells in Mouse Motor Cortex
Authors: Goz Roman U. , Hooks Bryan M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn mammalian cortex, feedforward excitatory connections recruit feedforward inhibition. This is often carried by parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons, which may densely connect to local pyramidal (Pyr) neurons. Whether this inhibition affects all local excitatory cells indiscriminately or is targeted to specific subnetworks is unknown. Here, we test how feedforward inhibition is recruited by using two-channel circuit mapping to excite cortical and thalamic inputs to PV+ interneurons and Pyr neurons to mouse primary vibrissal motor cortex (M1). Single Pyr and PV+ neurons receive input from both cortex and thalamus. Connected pairs of PV+ interneurons and excitatory Pyr neurons receive correlated cortical and thalamic inputs. While PV+ interneurons are more likely to form local connections to Pyr neurons, Pyr neurons are much more likely to form reciprocal connections with PV+ interneurons that inhibit them. This suggests that Pyr and PV ensembles may be organized based on their local and long-range connections, an organization that supports the idea of local subnetworks for signal transduction and processing. Excitatory inputs to M1 can thus target inhibitory networks in a specific pattern which permits recruitment of feedforward inhibition to specific subnetworks within the cortical column.
Aplicabilidade dos princípios da gestão democrática nos processos de compras e contratações do IFG/Campus Formosa
Authors: Fernandes de Brito Emilia , Faustino Teles Ricardo 
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar contribuições para que os processos de compras e contratações do IFG/Campus Formosa sejam realizados democraticamente, de forma a envolver efetivamente a comunidade acadêmica em sua execução. A abordagem adotada foi a de Bardin (2011), mediante análise de conteúdo para investigação dos dados que foram coletados. Como desdobramento da pesquisa foi desenvolvido e aplicado o produto educacional, o qual consistiu em uma oficina formativa. A atividade de formação foi realizada durante o evento institucional e contemplou tópicos sobre licitações e contratos, além de uma breve conversa sobre a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica e a gestão participativa. Diante dos resultados obtidos, infere-se que os procedimentos de compras e contratações no âmbito do IFG/Campus Formosa podem ser conduzidos coletivamente, sendo aplicáveis a eles os princípios da gestão democrática. Todavia, respeitando sempre a atribuição de cada indivíduo na execução das suas funções.