bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRAT downregulation promotes ovarian cancer progression by facilitating mitochondrial metabolism through decreasing the acetylation of PGC-1α
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhao Shuhua , Lv Xiaohui , Gao Yan , Guo Qian , Ren Yanjie , He Yuanyuan , Jin Yihua , Yang Hong , Liu Shujuan , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are closely associated with different types of disease, including cancer. Carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) is a mitochondrial-localized enzyme catalyzing the reversible transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA thioester to carnitine and regulates the ratio of acyl-CoA/CoA. Our bioinformatics analysis using public database revealed a significant decrease of CRAT expression in ovarian cancer (OC). However, the functions of CRAT have rarely been investigated in human cancers, especially in OC. Here, we found a frequent down-regulation of CRAT in OC, which is mainly caused by up-regulation of miR-132-5p. Downregulation of CRAT was significantly associated with shorter survival time for patients with OC. Forced expression of CRAT suppressed OC growth and metastasis by inducing cell cycle arrest and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). By contrast, CRAT knockdown promoted OC growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, we found that CRAT downregulation promoted OC growth and metastasis by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis to facilitate mitochondrial metabolism through reducing the acetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC-1α). In summary, CRAT functions as a critical tumor suppressor in OC progression by enhancing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, suggesting CRAT as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of OC.
Age-associated microglial transcriptome leads to diminished immunogenicity and dysregulation of MCT4 and P2RY12/P2RY13 related functions
Authors: Škandík Martin , Friess Lara , Vázquez-Cabrera Guillermo , Keane Lily , Grabert Kathleen , Cruz De los Santos Mireia , Posada-Pérez Mercedes , Baleviciute Austeja , Cheray Mathilde , Joseph Bertrand 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aging process is marked by a time-dependent deterioration in cellular functions, particularly the immune and neural systems. Understanding the phenotype acquisition of microglia, the sentinel immune cells of the brain, is crucial for understanding the nature of age-related neurological diseases. However, the specific phenotype adopted by microglia during aging remains a subject of debate and is contingent on the chosen experimental model. To address these unresolved questions, we employed a novel and highly controlled approach utilizing long-term cultivated BV-2 microglia, exempted from additional external stimuli. Our findings revealed that aged microglial cells, in comparison to their younger counterparts, acquire a distinct gene expression profile, primarily characterized by alterations in microglial immune response. Indeed, pro-inflammatory stimulated aged and young BV-2 microglia exhibited similar transcriptomic profiles, yet the response intensity to the stimulus was markedly muted in the aged microglia. Functional neurotoxic assays confirmed diminished neuronal death in coculture with aged, activated microglia, underscoring a compromised immune response. Furthermore, a subsequent comparative analysis of aged BV-2 microglia with established transcriptomic microglial datasets from aged mice and humans identified 13 overlapping genes, laying the foundation for identifying core microglial aging signature. Particularly noteworthy were SLC16A3 and P2RY13, which consistently exhibited upregulation and downregulation, respectively, across all datasets. Additionally, four other genes—CAPG, LGALS3BP, NRIP1, and P2RY12—were found to share regulatory patterns in response to both aging and extrinsic activation. An in-depth investigation focused on SLC16A3, encoding the high-affinity lactate transporter MCT4, revealed disruptions in extracellular acidification rate and lactate concentration with age. Microglial purine sensing and motility capacities, regulated by P2RY12/P2RY13, displayed age-related alterations. Remarkably, protein analysis in human brain tissue validated the observed upregulation of MCT4 and downregulation of P2RY12 in aged microglia. In conclusion, our study unveils a distinct phenotype in aged microglia characterized by compromised immune responsiveness. Through the integration of in vitro cultured BV-2 microglia with primary microglia datasets, we identify critical molecular determinants of microglial cellular aging confirmed in human-aged brain tissue. This comprehensive approach offers potential insights for understanding and potentially reprogramming aged microglia, with implications for combating age-related neurological disorders.
Structural insights into human topoisomerase 3β DNA and RNA catalysis and nucleic acid gate dynamics
Authors: Yang Xi , Chen Xuemin , Yang Wei , Pommier Yves 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Type IA topoisomerases (TopoIAs) are present in all living organisms. They resolve DNA/RNA catenanes, knots and supercoils by breaking and rejoining single-stranded DNA/RNA segments and allowing the passage of another nucleic acid segment through the break. Topoisomerase III-β (TOP3B), the only RNA topoisomerase in metazoans, promotes R-loop disassembly and translation of mRNAs. Defects in TOP3B lead to severe neurological diseases. We present a series of cryo-EM structures of human TOP3B with its cofactor TDRD3 during cleavage and rejoining of DNA or RNA, thus elucidating the roles of divalent metal ions and key enzyme residues in each step of the catalytic cycle. We also obtained the structure of an open-gate configuration that addresses the long-standing question of the strand-passage mechanism. Our studies reveal how TOP3B catalyzes both DNA and RNA relaxation, while TOP3A acts only on DNA.
Identification of a binding site for small molecule inhibitors targeting human TRPM4
Authors: Ekundayo Babatunde , Arullampalam Prakash , Gerber Christian E. , Hämmerli Anne-Flore , Guichard Sabrina , Boukenna Mey , Ross-Kaschitza Daniela , Lochner Martin , Rougier Jean-Sebastien , Stahlberg Henning , Abriel Hugues , Ni Dongchun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin 4 (TRPM4) protein is a calcium-activated monovalent cation channel associated with various genetic and cardiovascular disorders. The anthranilic acid derivative NBA is a potent and specific TRPM4 inhibitor, but its binding site in TRPM4 has been unknown, although this information is crucial for drug development targeting TRPM4. We determine three cryo-EM structures of full-length human TRPM4 embedded in native lipid nanodiscs without inhibitor, bound to NBA, and an anthranilic acid derivative, IBA. We found that the small molecules NBA and IBA were bound in a pocket formed between the S3, S4, and TRP helices and the S4-S5 linker of TRPM4. Our structural data and results from patch clamp experiments enable validation of a binding site for small molecule inhibitors, paving the way for further drug development targeting TRPM4.
Enhancing structural health monitoring of fiber-reinforced polymer composites using piezoresistive Ti3C2Tx MXene fibers
Authors: Taymaz Bircan Haspulat , Kamış Handan , Dziendzikowski Michal , Kowalczyk Kamil , Dragan Krzysztof , Eskizeybek Volkan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The anisotropic behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, coupled with their susceptibility to various failure modes, poses challenges for their structural health monitoring (SHM) during service life. To address this, non-destructive testing techniques have been employed, but they often suffer from drawbacks such as high costs and suboptimal resolutions. Moreover, routine inspections fail to disclose incidents or failures occurring between successive assessments. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on SHM methods that enable continuous monitoring without grounding the aircraft. Our research focuses on advancing aerospace SHM through the utilization of piezoresistive MXene fibers. MXene, characterized by its 2D nanofiber architecture and exceptional properties, offers unique advantages for strain sensing applications. We successfully fabricate piezoresistive MXene fibers using wet spinning and integrate them into carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates for in-situ strain sensing. Unlike previous studies focused on high strain levels, we adjust the strain levels to be comparable to those encountered in practical aerospace applications. Our results demonstrate remarkable sensitivity of MXene fibers within low strain ranges, with a maximum sensitivity of 0.9 at 0.13% strain. Additionally, MXene fibers exhibited high reliability for repetitive tensile deformations and low-velocity impact loading scenarios. This research contributes to the development of self-sensing composites, offering enhanced capabilities for early detection of damage and defects in aerospace structures, thereby improving safety and reducing maintenance expenses.
An android can show the facial expressions of complex emotions
Authors: Diel Alexander , Sato Wataru , Hsu Chun-Ting , Bäuerle Alexander , Teufel Martin , Minato Takashi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Trust and rapport are essential abilities for human–robot interaction. Producing emotional expressions in the robots’ faces is an effective way for that purpose. Androids can show human-like facial expressions of basic emotions. However, whether androids can show the facial expression of complex emotions remains unknown. In this experiment, we investigated the android Nikola’s ability to produce 22 dynamic facial expressions of complex emotions. For each video, 240 international participants (120 Japanese, 120 German) rated the emotions expressed by Nikola. For 13 complex emotions (i.e., amusement, appal, awe, boredom, contentment, coyness, hatred, hesitation, moral disgust, not face, pain, sleepiness, suspicion), participants of both samples rated the target emotion above the mean of other non-target emotions. Four emotions (bitterness, confusion, pride, relief) were rated above mean by one sample. For twelve of these emotions, target emotions were among the highest ranked. The results suggest that androids can produce the facial expressions of a wide range of complex emotions, which can facilitate human–robot interactions.
Secure channel estimation model for cognitive radio network physical layer security using two-level shared key authentication
Authors: Saravanan K. , Gurumoorthy K. B. , Stalin Allwin Devaraj , Kumar Om Prakash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Physical Layer Security (PLS) in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) improves the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the external communication between the devices/ users. The security models for sensing and beamforming reduce the impact of adversaries such as eavesdroppers in the signal processing layer. To such an extent, this article introduces a Secure Channel Estimation Model (SCEM) using Channel State Information (CSI) and Deep Learning (DL) to improve the PLS. In this proposed model, the CSI is exploited to evaluate the channel utilization and actual capacity availability throughout the allocation intervals. The change in channel capacity and utilization augments the need for security through 2-level key shared authentication. The deep learning algorithm verifies the authentication completeness for maximum channel capacity utilization irrespective of adversary interference. This verification follows mutual authentication between the primary and secondary users sharing the maximum capacity channel with high secrecy. The learning monitors the outage secrecy rates to verify failed allocations such that the replacement for allocation is pursued. Thus, the physical layer security between different user categories is administered through maximum CSI exploitation with high beamforming abilities. The proposed model leverages the secrecy rate by 10.77% and the probability of detection by 15.01% and reduces the interference rate by 11.07% for the varying transmit powers.
The extent of the hip bone sexual dimorphism in two Italian coeval modern skeletal samples
Authors: Sorrentino Rita , Pietrobelli Annalisa , Mameli Davide , Nicolosi Teresa , Belcastro Maria Giovanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rate of sexual dimorphism in the human hip bone is primarily due to the structural demands of childbirth. Genetic, environmental, and socio-cultural factors can also influence pelvic shape variations across populations. This study examines intra-population sex variation within the Italian population based on regional differences of 280 coxal bones from two documented human osteological collections (Bologna and Sassari) coming from different geographical areas, the northern continental and island regions. Nineteen metric variables were used to evaluate sexual dimorphism and population differences. Most of the variables showed sexual dimorphism, particularly the hip height and ischio-pubic measures within both populations, and accurately predicted sex for each population (Bologna: 100%; Sassari: 91.2%). Results show the Bologna sample have larger dimensions for most of the measurements than the Sassari one, especially when considering the longitudinal ones. Some female traits of the Bologna sample are larger than the correspondent ones in the Sassari males. The rate of sexual dimorphism between the populations shows significant differences, with better sex distinction for Bologna than Sassari. This study aims at interpreting these intra-population differences, considering the effect of environmental (physical and social milieu) and genetic factors, underscoring the importance of this local differences for accurate diagnostic criteria.
Optimizing the growth conditions of superconducting MoSi thin films for single photon detection
Authors: Grotowski Stefanie , Zugliani Lucio , Jonas Björn , Flaschmann Rasmus , Schmid Christian , Strohauer Stefan , Wietschorke Fabian , Bruckmoser Niklas , Müller Manuel , Althammer Matthias , Gross Rudolf , Müller Kai , Finley Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the growth of amorphous MoSi thin films using magnetron co-sputtering and optimize the growth conditions with respect to crystal structure and superconducting properties (e.g., critical temperature
$$T_{\text {c}}$$
). The deposition pressure, Mo:Si stoichiometry and substrate temperature are systematically varied to achieve a transition temperature of 8.4(3) K for films with a thickness of 17.7(8) nm and 6.2(9) K for a 4.3(4) nm thick film. For Mo concentrations above 81% the crystalline phase

$$\hbox {Mo}_\text {3}$$

Mo
3

Si is observed in grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements. The same phase appears when the working pressure during deposition is reduced below 3.

$$1 \times 10^{\text {-3}}\hspace{1.66656pt}$$

1
×

10
-3

mbar and when the substrate temperature during deposition is increased above
$$100\hspace{1.66656pt}^{\circ } $$
C. By choosing a sufficient Si concentration and optimum deposition pressure we identify deposition conditions that ensure a homogeneous amorphous growth of the superconducting thin film. We then fabricate superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors which exhibit an unitary internal efficiency to single photons at an operational temperature of 1.2 K while simultaneously having a dark count rate below 1 Hz. Our results establish the link between MoSi film deposition, morphology and the performance of SSPD.
Clinical entity augmented retrieval for clinical information extraction
Authors: Lopez Ivan , Swaminathan Akshay , Vedula Karthik , Narayanan Sanjana , Nateghi Haredasht Fateme , Ma Stephen P. , Liang April S. , Tate Steven , Maddali Manoj , Gallo Robert Joseph , Shah Nigam H. , Chen Jonathan H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) have improved information extraction over previous methods, yet their reliance on embeddings often leads to inefficient retrieval. We introduce CLinical Entity Augmented Retrieval (CLEAR), a RAG pipeline that retrieves information using entities. We compared CLEAR to embedding RAG and full-note approaches for extracting 18 variables using six LLMs across 20,000 clinical notes. Average F1 scores were 0.90, 0.86, and 0.79; inference times were 4.95, 17.41, and 20.08 s per note; average model queries were 1.68, 4.94, and 4.18 per note; and average input tokens were 1.1k, 3.8k, and 6.1k per note for CLEAR, embedding RAG, and full-note approaches, respectively. In conclusion, CLEAR utilizes clinical entities for information retrieval and achieves >70% reduction in token usage and inference time with improved performance compared to modern methods.
A motor fault diagnosis using hybrid binary differential evolution algorithm and whale optimization algorithm with storage space
Authors: Lee Chun‐Yao , Le Truong‐An , Chu Tzu‐Hao , Hsu Shih‐Che 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe most common cause of mechanical failure is bearing failure, and the characteristics of each failure correspond to a certain degree of severity. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis model for detecting motor bearings. The model uses three steps: feature extraction, feature selection, and classification. In feature extraction, empirical mode decomposition, fast Fourier transform, and envelope analysis extract important features from the signals measuring the motor. In feature selection, a binary differential evolution and binary whale algorithm are developed and the storage space is increased to eliminate irrelevant features again. Finally, KNN and SVM are used to determine the stability of the bearing fault diagnosis model.
Virtual inertia and damping‐based cascaded control approach for enhancing load frequency control in low‐inertia multi‐area power systems
Authors: Roy Tushar Kanti , Oo Amanullah Maung Than 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper introduces a comprehensive cascaded controller to enhance transient and dynamic stability in load frequency control for low‐inertia multi‐area power systems (LIMAPSs) integrating solar photovoltaic and wind turbine sources. The proposed method combines a composite energy storage‐based virtual synchronous generator with a novel cascaded controller employing an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a fractional‐order proportional–integral with a fractional‐order proportional‐tilt‐integral (FOPI‐FOPTI) control strategy. Firstly, a dynamic model of a thermal power plant incorporating photovoltaic, wind turbine, and virtual synchronous generator is developed. Subsequently, the ANFIS‐FOPI‐FOPTI controller parameters, optimized via the whale optimization algorithm, provide adaptive and robust frequency stability control under disturbances. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate the proposed approach's effectiveness in enhancing the transient and dynamic stability of LIMAPSs. The simulations are conducted on two‐area power systems and a modified IEEE 10‐generator 39‐bus system, considering disturbances like stochastic load‐generation. Comparative analysis with existing controllers shows the proposed cascaded controller effectively addresses load frequency control challenges in LIMAPSs. It outperforms other control approaches in terms of settling time, overshoot, and specified objective functions, with the lowest integral time absolute error values recorded: 0.1202 for the two‐area system and 0.480 for the modified IEEE 39‐bus four‐area power system.
Inferior outcome of stand-alone short versus long tibial stem in revision total knee arthroplasty. A retrospective comparative study with minimum 2 year follow-up
Authors: Abdelatif Elsayed Ahmed , Abu Mukh Assala , Elsaid Ahmed Nady Saleh , Youssef Ahmed Omar , Foissey Constant , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sebastien 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty (RTKA) is complex, and induced bone loss might endanger implant fixation and joint stability. Intramedullary stems improve fixation throughout stress redistribution. The current study aims to compare the performance of short tibial stems with long tibial stems, investigating their intermediate-term radiographic and survival outcomes in RTKA. The main hypothesis is that the two types of tibial stems would exhibit similar complication and revision rates in mid-term follow-up. Methods: Patients who underwent RTKA for all causes in a specialized arthroplasty center from 2010 to 2022 with minimum 2-year follow-up were included in this study. Patients receiving mega prosthesis or implants associated with sleeves or cones were excluded. The final groups consisted of 234 knees: 110 patients with short stems (SS) and 124 with long stems (LS). The mean age at surgery was 65.96 ± 8.73 years in SS and 67.07 ± 8.64 years in LS. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 28.95 is SS and 30.88 in LS (p < 0.05). The average follow-up for SS group was 4.24 years and for LS 5.16 years (p < 0.05). Results: Complications and re-revisions did not differ significantly between two groups (p > 0.05). Pathological radiolucency was present in 20.91% in SS group and 33.87% in LS group (p < 0.02). Time-to-re-revision was shorter in SS group and occurred at a mean of 3.1 years, while LS failed at a mean of 5.1 years (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The SS and LS may be comparable in terms of complications and re-revision. SS significantly fails almost 2 years earlier than long stem (p < 0.001). Additionally, there is a higher tendency for re-revision due to loosening in patients who present pathological radiolucency in SS group. To obtain the benefits of short stem and improve the longevity of the construct; adjuvant zone II (metaphyseal) fixation might be the clue.
Psychological reactance to vaccine mandates on Twitter: a study of sentiments in the United States
Authors: Hsieh Pei-Hsun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between vaccine mandates and public sentiment toward vaccines and health officials on Twitter. I analyzed 6.6 million vaccine-related tweets from July 2021 to February 2022 in the United States. Leveraging a large language model, BERT, I identified tweets discussing vaccine mandates even when lacking explicit keywords. Compared to non-mandate tweets, those mentioning mandates exhibit greater negativity, anger, and freedom-related language. Furthermore, increased state-level discussion of mandates correlates with rising levels of negativity and anger toward both vaccines and public health officials. Finally, greater disparity in vaccination progress across counties within a state is associated with increased anger in tweets directed toward both.
Optimal Dynamical Gauge in the Quantum Rabi Model
Authors: Qing Yuqi , Li Liangsheng , You Wen-Long , Lan Yueheng , Liu Maoxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the gauge dependence of physical observables in the quantum Rabi model (QRM) under di erent potential fields, arising from the Hilbert-space truncation of the atomic degrees of freedom. In both square-well and harmonic potentials, we find that the optimal gauge for the groundstate energy depends on the cavity frequency: the dipole gauge is optimal in the low-frequency limit, while the Coulomb gauge is optimal in the high-frequency limit. For a dynamical quantity such as the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC), we demonstrate the necessity of introducing an optimal dynamical gauge. This study provides deeper insights into the intricate relationship between gauge choice and the dynamics of quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems, paving the way for more accurate theoretical frameworks.