bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ESA Parastronaut Feasibility Project: Investigating the Need and Contents of Physical Performance Tests for an Inclusive European Astronaut Corps
Authors: Wiedmann Isabella , Weerts Guillaume , Brixius Klara , Seemüller Anna , Mittelstädt Justin , Herssens Nolan , Weber Tobias 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
In 2022, the European Space Agency (ESA) held the first astronaut selection since the beginning of space flight that allowed physically impaired astronaut candidates to be selected in an inclusive European astronaut corp. The main objective of the ‘parastronaut feasibility project’ is to investigate if physical performance tests (PPTs) should be part of future astronaut recruitments for an inclusive ESA astronaut corps to test their flight readiness. The objectives of this study are (1) to assess if future (para-)astronaut recruitment campaigns should include PPTs to ensure flight readiness, safety, and mission success; (2) if so, which areas of physical performance should be tested to mimic nominal and off-nominal crew activities during all phases of a space mission; and (3) to assess whether PPTs are compatible with the ethical principles of equal opportunity for an inclusive pool of astronaut candidates.

Methods
58 subject matter experts with specialisations in space physiology, operational human space flight, space medicine, medical ethics or parasports were interviewed in two rounds using the Delphi method. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained, analysed, categorised, and visualised using the qualitative research tool NVivo and Excel.

Results
Two thirds of the experts were in favour of adding PPTs to future astronaut selections and recommended to implement them for both physically unimpaired and physically impaired astronaut candidates. The main physical skills that should be examined are space-related, mission-specific coordination skills of the upper extremities, followed by endurance performance and stamina, dexterity of the upper extremities, motor learning ability and mobility.

Conclusion
Based on this study, it is clear that PPTs should be part of future astronaut selection campaigns. However, the content of these PPTs must be carefully evaluated and validated using existing data on crew activities before, during, and after space flight, while considering equal opportunities in the context of human space flight. Historical considerations have influenced current astronaut requirements, but this study's findings indicate a need to reassess these requirements for future inclusive selection campaigns, as their validity and necessity remain uncertain.
An Explainable Framework to Predict Child Sexual Abuse Awareness in People Using Supervised Machine Learning Models
Authors: Chadaga Krishnaraj , Prabhu Srikanth , Sampathila Niranjana , Chadaga Rajagopala , Bairy Muralidhar , S. Swathi K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a type of abuse in which an individual exploits a kid/adolescent sexually. CSA can happen in several places, such as schools, households, hostels, and other public spaces. However, a large number of people, including parents, do not have an awareness of this sensitive issue. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are being used in various disciplines in the modern era. Hence, supervised machine learning models have been used to predict child sexual abuse awareness in this study. The dataset contains answers provided by 3002 people regarding CSA. A questionnaire dataset obtained though crowdsourcing has been used to predict a person’s knowledge level regarding sexual abuse in children. Heterogenous ML and deep learning models have been used to make accurate predictions. To demystify the decisions made by the models, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques have also been utilized. XAI helps in making the models more interpretable, decipherable, and transparent. Four XAI techniques: Shapley additive values (SHAP), Eli5, QLattice, and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME), have been utilized to demystify the models. Among all the classifiers, the final stacked model obtained the best results with an accuracy of 94% for the test dataset. The excellent results demonstrated by the classifiers point to the use of artificial intelligence in preventing child sexual abuse by making people aware of it. The models can be used real time in facilities such as schools, hospitals, and other places to increase awareness among people regarding sexual abuse in children.
Prognose von Studienabbrüchen angehender Lehrkräfte mit Maschinellem Lernen: Potenziale der Nutzung von Studierenden- und Studienverlaufsdaten aus dem Campus-Management-System
Authors: Scheidig Falk , Holmeier Monika 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDer unbefriedigte Lehrkräftebedarf lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit auch auf Studienabbrüche von angehenden Lehrkräften. Dabei gilt das Interesse sowohl der Aufklärung der Gründe als auch der Reduktion von Studienabbrüchen. Hinsichtlich der Analyse von Studienabbrüchen erwachsen im Kontext der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung neue Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von Studierenden- und Studienverlaufsdaten (Learning Analytics). Im Beitrag wird eine Studie präsentiert, in der Prognosen zum Studienabbruch auf Basis der Campus-Management-Daten von 4601 Lehramtsstudierenden berechnet wurden. Hierbei kamen mit der logistischen Regression und Random Forest zwei Verfahren des Maschinellen Lernens zum Einsatz, deren Anwendung und Ergebnisse vorgestellt werden. Mit beiden Verfahren konnten mit ca. 80 %iger Genauigkeit alle Studierenden korrekt entweder der Gruppe erfolgreicher Absolvent*innen oder der Studienabbrecher*innen zugeordnet werden. Als bedeutsamster Prädiktor erwiesen sich die Prüfungsleistungen in den ersten drei Semestern (Note und Anteil bestandener Prüfungen). Im Beitrag werden Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen der Studienabbruchprognose in Lehramtsstudiengängen sowie Implikationen der Datennutzung diskutiert.
Heart activity perception: narrative review on the measures of the cardiac perceptual ability
Authors: Körmendi János , Ferentzi Eszter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeasures of cardiac perceptual ability (also called cardiac accuracy) are methods of cardiac interoception, the perception of bodily sensation related to heart activity. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of these methods. We differentiate between three main measurement types: (1) change detection, i.e., when the task is to notice the change in the heart rate; also called: heart rate perception tasks, (2) discrimination tasks, i.e., when the task is to compare the internal sensations with external signal(s); also called: heartbeat detection tasks and (3) tracking tasks, i.e., when the task is to follow and report heartbeats via tapping or counting. We describe some of the new methods under “mixed methods,” as they share features with more than one of the large measurement types described above. Specific measures differ in various aspects, such as their focus (heart rhythm vs. single beats), their sensitivity to non-conscious sensations and the calculated indices (e.g., whether significance level by hypothesis test is provided). When a measure of cardiac perceptual ability is chosen, it is advisable to take its characteristics into consideration in light of the planned research.
Envisioning the Linkages Between Consumption and Production for Sustainability: Outcomes from Expert Workshops in Malaysia
Authors: Amasawa Eri , Kishita Yusuke , Mohamed Ahmad Fariz , McLellan Benjamin , Kojima Michikazu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes a workshop-based procedure to identify critical consumption and production (CP) linkages for sustainability, applied in the Klang Valley, an urban conglomeration centered in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Malaysia, targeting the year 2050. We propose a procedure combining a participatory backcasting approach, a structuralizing template, and scenario design cycles to identify critical CP linkages for sustainability. This procedure was tested in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, where resource and energy consumption is rapidly growing but scarcely studied. The workshops involved local experts from academia, industry, and government, as well as the research team, and established region-specific CP patterns, focusing on three domains, i.e., mobility, household chores, and living space. The results present key patterns for sustainable consumption and production in the Klang Valley and scenarios illustrating its implementation. Political will and strong regulatory enforcement with a particular focus on resource circulation at the end of life are identified as the dominant drivers to promote implementation.
CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Gong Lei , Bai Ming , Dai Liang , Guo Xufeng , Leng Xuefeng , Li Zhigang , Lu Zhihao , Mao Teng , Pang Qingsong , Shen Lin , Sun Yifeng , Yang Hong , Yin Jun , Zhang Hongdian , Zhang Wencheng , Zhao Gang , Zheng Bin , Yang Yueyang , Ba Yi , Chen Chun , Chen Haiquan , Chen Longqi , Deng Ting , Fan Qingxia , Fang Wentao , Fu Xiangning , Huang Jing , Li Xiaofei , Li Yin , Liu Shuoyan , Liu Yongyu , Ma Jianqun , Mao Weimin , Ren Jingli , Tan Lijie , Tang Peng , Wang Lvhua , Wang Qun , Wei Wenqiang , Xue Qi , Zhang Renquan , Chen Keneng , Fu Jianhua , Liu Junfeng , Han Yongtao , He Jie , Yu Zhentao , Mao Yousheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEsophageal carcinoma (EC) is a common malignant tumor of the upper digestive tract worldwide. An analysis of the latest data from cancer centers in China showed that the incidence of EC and the number of deaths due to EC in China in 2015 were 266,000 and 188,000, respectively, ranking sixth (6.3%) and fourth (8.0%) among all malignant tumors. The early diagnosis and treatment of EC and standardized diagnosis and treatment are important tasks for EC healthcare professionals in various centers across the country. At present, the 8th edition of the EC staging system jointly released by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) is the most recent, authoritative and widely used EC staging standard. The EC professional committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association also organizes the "EC Standardization Campaign in China" every year to promote the development of EC diagnostic and treatment norms throughout the country. Since 2011, the EC Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has published the Guidelines for Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment of EC. Considering the increasing number of EC clinical studies and the continuous progress in diagnostic and treatment technologies in recent years, the updated Guidelines will include the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of EC, with a goal of promoting the forward development of EC diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
Effect of recycled powder on the yield stress of cement paste with varied superplasticizers
Authors: Li Zhen , Yu Cheng , Qiao Min , Xie Weixiao , Yu Jinyao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe influence of superplasticizer on the yield stress of cement pastes with recycled powder (RP) was examined in the study. Four superplasticizers were used to obtain the similar fluidity by adjusting the dosage. The results show that the 10% RP decreases the yield stress of paste compared to the reference paste at the same fluidity, but 20% and 30% RP increases the yield stress, ranging from 11 to 599%. The superplasticizer with adsorptive group of phosphate-type minimizes the yield stress of paste than that of polycarboxylate -type, but it made a significant increment in yield stress as the incorporating of RP increased. Besides, the polycarboxylate superplasticizer with the higher molecular weight of side chain and charge density led to lower yield stress. Based on the Yodel model, the yield stress of paste with RP was analyzed by the polymer adsorption and particle packing density of particles to reveal the influence of RP with different superplasticizers on the colloidal interaction and contact network among the particles. The packing density of particles with recycled powder was a little higher than the reference paste, but the higher fraction of fine particles made a stronger PSD effect, which improved the particle contact interaction. On the other hand, due to the higher polymer adsorption of recycled powder than cement, especially for superplasticizer with phosphate group, the average surface coverage was increased, which extended the separation distance, so that colloidal interaction among particles was weaken.
The 100 most cited articles in malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Han Yongzheng , Qu Yinyin , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhou Yang , Yang Lukun , Du Haiming , Zhang Jing , Jiang Yandong , Li Zhengqian , Guo Xiangyang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBibliometric analysis is a widely used method to identify and evaluate the trends and characteristics of the scientific publications in a specific research field. A large volume of literature has been published in the field of malignant hyperthermia (MH). However, no bibliometric studies have been conducted to describe the characteristics of highly cited articles on MH. Therefore, this study aims to identify the 100 most frequently cited articles about malignant hyperthermia, describe their characteristics, and investigate research trends. Searches were performed in Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1900 to March 2023, with no language limitation. The 100 most frequently cited articles were selected and analyzed. Characteristics including publication year, journal, impact factor, authors, authors countries, citation number, journal citation indicator, study design, and topics were analyzed. For the 100 most cited articles, the number of times each article was cited ranged from 84 to 1254, with a median of 133. The number of articles published peaked in the decade of 1990s (n = 30). The articles were published in 39 journals, with Anesthesiology leading with 13 publications and then the British Journal of Anaesthesia with 12 publications. The authors were from 21 countries, led by the United States (n = 37). Forty articles focused on genetic susceptibility screening, 27 articles were about MH etiology, and 11 articles were about diagnosis and treatment. The mortality rate of MH and dantrolene availability are known to be uneven worldwide. This may partly be explained by the fact that scientific publications primarily report by authors from developed countries. This bibliometric analysis highlights the characteristics of the most influential research related to malignant hyperthermia, providing a reference for conducting future research.
Units in Ceramic Analysis and the Problem of Vessel Use Life
Authors: Feathers James K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractShott (2022, American Antiquity 87:794–815) argues that making inferences from ceramic data requires first inferring use lives of vessels—something that is difficult to do. This comment argues that the problem of differential use life becomes more tractable if the assemblage, rather than the vessel, is the unit of analysis. Aside from empirical reasons, theoretical considerations also favor the assemblage as the appropriate unit.
Departure flight delay prediction due to ground delay program using Multilayer Perceptron with improved sparrow search algorithm
Authors: Dong X. , Zhu X. , Zhang J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ground delay program (GDP) is a commonly used tool in air traffic management. Developing a departure flight delay prediction model based on GDP can aid airlines and control authorities in better flight planning and adjusting air traffic control strategies. A model that combines the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) has been proposed to minimise prediction errors. The ISSA uses tent chaotic mapping, dynamic adaptive weights, and Levy flight strategy to enhance the algorithm’s accuracy for the sparrow search algorithm (SSA). The MLP model’s hyperparameters are optimised using the ISSA to improve the model’s prediction accuracy and generalisation performance. Experiments were performed using actual GDP-generated departure flight delay data and compared with other machine learning techniques and optimisation algorithms. The results of the experiments show that the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the ISSA-MLP model are 16.8 and 24.2, respectively. These values are 5.61%, 6.3% and 1.8% higher in MAE and 4.4%, 5.1% and 2.5% higher in RMSE compared to SSA, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and grey wolf optimisation (GWO). The ISSA-MLP model has been verified to have good predictive and practical value.
Investigation of the mechanical properties of polyurethane foam-filled FDM-printed honeycomb core sandwich composites for aircraft
Authors: Kafalı H. , Tunca E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSandwich composites are widely used in aerospace materials thanks to their low weight and high strength properties. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of polyurethane foam filling on honeycomb core structures produced by additive manufacturing in terms of mechanical strength and moisture absorption properties. Within the scope of the study, honeycomb structures were produced by a 3D printer using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Then, the honeycomb core was filled with polyurethane foam, which is supplied in liquid form. After the core material was given its final form, it was combined with an epoxy and carbon fibre facesheet material using the vacuum infusion technique. After the sandwich composite production was completed, in-plane compression, three-point bending, shear, and moisture absorption tests were applied. The polyurethane foam filling greatly increased the mechanical strength, but slightly more moisture absorption occurred in this structure compared to a hollow honeycomb structure.
Driving Irritation: Thailand's Supreme Court and the English Roots of Corporate Criminal Liability
Authors: Schuldt Lasse 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Thailand, the concept of corporate criminal liability is commonly identified with significant theoretical and practical uncertainties. Only limited attention, however, has been devoted to the notion's historical roots in English legal transfers. This article examines the relevant legislation, court cases, academic literature, and other records. It carves out the continuous English influence on Thai corporate crime doctrine and highlights the legal irritation that occurred along the way. It argues that irritation was not automatic but driven by the Supreme Court, whose choices were shaped by decades of English impact on Thai legal education and practice. The article thereby highlights the dynamics between legal transfers and local drivers of legal development. It expands the growing research on the continued relevance of English law in Thailand and concludes with an outlook on the future of Thai corporate crime doctrine.
State International Agreements: The United States, Canada, and Constitutional Evolution
Authors: Bradley Curtis A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe text of the US Constitution appears to require that individual states, to the extent that they are ever allowed to conclude agreements with foreign governments, must obtain congressional approval. In practice, however, states conclude many agreements with foreign governments, including with Canada and its provinces, and they almost never seek congressional approval. This practice is an illustration of both the importance of federalism in US foreign relations and the significant role played by historical practice in informing US constitutional interpretation. The phenomenon of state international agreements assumed new prominence in 2019 when the Trump administration sued to challenge a climate change agreement that the state of California had made with Québec. Despite this challenge, for the most part, neither Congress nor the executive branch has resisted the growth in state international agreements. This acquiescence could change as countries like China target US states in an effort to work around strained relations with the US national government and as states become more assertive in resisting the national government’s foreign policies. In any event, the practice of state international agreements unapproved by Congress rests in part on a distinction between binding and non-binding agreements that deserves greater scrutiny under both domestic and international law.
Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change and Innovative Democratic Governance
Authors: Cortez Florian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis policy-oriented article explores the sustainability dimension of digitalisation and artificial intelligence (AI). While AI can contribute to halting climate change via targeted applications in specific domains, AI technology in general could also have detrimental effects for climate policy goals. Moreover, digitalisation and AI can have an indirect effect on climate policy via their impact on political processes. It will be argued that, if certain conditions are fulfilled, AI-facilitated digital tools could help with setting up frameworks for bottom-up citizen participation that could generate the legitimacy and popular buy-in required for speedy transformations needed to reach net zero such as radically revamping the energy infrastructure among other crucial elements of the green transition. This could help with ameliorating a potential dilemma of voice versus speed regarding the green transition. The article will further address the nexus between digital applications such as AI and climate justice. Finally, the article will consider whether innovative governance methods could instil new dynamism into the multi-level global climate regime, such as by facilitating interlinkages and integration between different levels. Before implementing innovative governance arrangements, it is crucial to assess whether they do not exacerbate old or even generate new inequalities of access and participation.
Common Lender, Ex-Banker Director, and Corporate Investment
Authors: Asai Kentaro , Hoang Thao , Yamada Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the government-driven mergers of large banks, many competing firms in Japan ended up borrowing from a common lender. Using firm-level data, we find that the capital investments of competing firms that share a common lender decrease by 15% of the mean. When a common lender can exercise its voice through its former employees serving as firms’ executive directors, investments fall significantly further. Competing firms that share a common lender increase markups and profitability ratios, suggesting that the lender induces strategic coordination among its borrowers to reduce their competitive pressures. Firms use saved resources from weaker competition for cash cushions.