bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact localized boundary states in a quasi-1D electronic diamond-necklace chain
Authors: Kempkes S. N. , Capiod P. , Ismaili S. , Mulkens J. , Eek L. , Swart I. , Morais Smith C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZero-energy modes localized at the ends of one-dimensional (1D) wires hold great potential as qubits for fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, all the candidates known to date exhibit a wave function that decays exponentially into the bulk and hybridizes with other nearby zero-modes, thus hampering their use for braiding operations. Here, we show that a quasi-1D diamond-necklace chain exhibits an unforeseen type of robust boundary state, namely compact localized zero-energy modes that do not decay into the bulk. We find that this state emerges due to the presence of a latent symmetry in the system. We experimentally realize the diamond-necklace chain in an electronic quantum simulator setup.
Different Influencing Factors for Risk of Falls Between Men and Women while Descending from Mount Fuji
Authors: Uno Tadashi , Mitsui Satomi , Watanabe Misato , Takiguchi Chieko , Horiuchi Masahiro 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Annually, approximately 250,000 people climb Mount Fuji in Japan. Nonetheless, only few studies have examined the prevalence of falls and related factors on Mount Fuji. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey of 1061 participants (703 men and 358 women) who had climbed Mount Fuji. The following information was collected: age, height, body weight, luggage weight, experience on Mount Fuji, experience on other mountains, presence or absence of a tour guide, single-day climber or overnight-stay lodger, information on the downhill trail (volcanic gravel, long distance, and the risk of falls), presence or absence of trekking poles, shoe type, shoe sole condition, and fatigue feeling. Results The fall rate in women (174/358; 49%) was greater than that in men (246/703; 35%). A prediction model using multiple logistic regression (no fall, 0; fall, 1) indicated that the following factors decreased the risk of falls: male sex, younger age, previous experience on Mount Fuji, having information about long-distance downhill trails, wearing hiking shoes or mountaineering boots rather than other types of shoes (eg, running shoes, sneakers) or worn-out shoes, and not feeling fatigued. Additionally, the following factors may decrease the risk of falls in women only: experience hiking on any other mountains, not being part of a guided tour, and using trekking poles. Conclusions Women had a higher risk of falls on Mount Fuji than men. Specifically, having less experience on any other mountains, being part of a guided tour, and nonuse of trekking poles may relate to higher risks of falls in women. These results suggest that different precautionary measures for men and women are useful.
Dispensing of antibiotics without prescription in the metropolitan area of Athens, Greece, in 2021—Can new legislation change old habits?
Authors: Kopsidas Ioannis , Kokkinidou Lydia , Petsiou Dioni Pinelopi , Kourkouni Eleni , Triantafyllou Christos , Tsopela Grammatiki-Christina , Zaoutis Theoklis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the effect of new legislation on the dispensing of antimicrobials without prescription from pharmacies in Greece.

Design:
In-person survey.

Setting:
The study included 110 pharmacies in the greater Athens Metropolitan area.

Methods:
Volunteer collaborators visited 110 pharmacies in the greater Athens Metropolitan area in December 2021 and January 2022. They asked for either ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin-clavulanate acid (6:5 ratio) without providing a prescription, without simulating symptoms, and without offering justification or insisting. Fluoroquinolones have additional dispensing restrictions in Greece. Results were compared to a 2008 study. In 2020, legislation allowed the dispensing of antibiotics from pharmacies only with an electronic prescription, overriding the 1973 forbidding the dispensing of all medications without prescriptions.

Results:
All pharmacists refused to dispense ciprofloxacin without a prescription. Only 1 pharmacy dispensed amoxicillin-clavulanate without a prescription. Compared to the 2008 study, dispensing of amoxicillin-clavulanate without a prescription dropped from 100% in 2008 to 1% in 2021 and dispensing ciprofloxacin without a prescription dropped from 53% in 2008 to 0% in 2021.

Conclusions:
A new and enforced law that requires electronic prescribing led to a dramatic reduction of antibiotic dispensing without prescription compared to 12 years ago. Similar initiatives could help solve the problem of antibiotic consumption and resistance in Greece and elsewhere.
Ion-bunch energy acoustic tracing by modulation of the depth-dose curve
Authors: Praßelsperger A. , Balling F. , Wieser H.-P. , Parodi K. , Schreiber J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Characterizing exact energy density distributions for laser-accelerated ion bunches in a medium is challenging due to very high beam intensities and the electro-magnetic pulse emitted in the laser–plasma interaction. Ion-bunch energy acoustic tracing allows for reconstructing the spatial energy density from the ionoacoustic wave generated upon impact in water. We have extended this approach to tracing ionoacoustic modulations of broad energy distributions by introducing thin foils in the water reservoir to shape the acoustic waves at distinct points along the depth–dose curve. Here, we present first simulation studies of this new detector and reconstruction approach, which provides an online read-out of the deposited energy with depth within the centimeter range behind the ion source of state-of-the-art laser–plasma-based accelerators.
Review and revision of the Olivoidea (Neogastropoda) from the Paleocene and Eocene of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain
Authors: Allmon Warren D. , Friend Dana S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNumerous species of “oliviform” gastropods have been recognized in the Paleogene of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain, many of which have previously been allied to the “Bullia group” in the family Nassariidae, and placed in a variety of poorly defined genera. We review these species, revise their generic and familial placement, and present a phylogenetic analysis. Of 19 species considered valid, all are assigned to Olivoidea, six to Olividae—one to Oliva, five to Agaronia—and the rest to Ancillariidae. The highly variable species Ancillaria altile Conrad is referred in the genus Ancillopsis and appears to have evolved anagenetically over an interval of perhaps 20 million years. Ancillaria tenera Conrad and Ancillaria scamba Conrad are placed in the new genus Palmoliva. Monoptygma Lea is demonstrated to belong to Ancillariidae, and to contain only a single species. Specimens assigned to Lisbonia expansa Palmer are split into adults assigned to Ancillopsis altilis and juveniles (together with several other species) in the long-lived species Anbullina elliptica (Whitfield). Coastal Plain ancillariids may have evolved from one or more species of the Cretaceous–Paleocene genus Eoancilla. We agree with previous authors who have suggested that the late Eocene species Oliva mississippiensis Conrad is the earliest known representative of this genus and the subfamily Oliviinae, perhaps derived from a species of Agaronia. The oldest Agaronia is lower Eocene (Ypresian).UUID: http://zoobank.org/b7d9f79b-c68b-4385-aba3-bb07c6d6dc87
Possibilities of the Interval: Heidegger and the Reimagining of the Interval in Luigi Nono’s A Carlo Scarpa
Authors: BARTON JOHN 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom 1976, the works of the Venetian composer Luigi Nono (1924–90) are marked by a noticeable change in both his philosophical and his political outlook. What results is a decade (1980–9) of compositions that feature poetry in librettos, live electronics, the spatialization of sound and a prominent use of microtonal pitches. Together these create completely novel soundscapes that are noticeably different from his previous output. This article will examine a particular influence – the philosophy of Martin Heidegger – in the creation of the 1984 piece for large ensemble A Carlo Scarpa. The purpose of this is not only to allow for an insight into the music and structure of A Carlo Scarpa, but also to illuminate how philosophical and political ideas can be represented within the craft of composition, and the new paths of thinking that guided Nono’s artistic output during the 1980s.
Experiments on a 60° delta wing with vortex flaps and vortex plates
Authors: Rinoie K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow speed wind tunnel tests have been made to investigate the flow around a leading edge vortex flap at the maximum LID condition. Tests were also made to measure the performance of a vortex plate. The force measurements and flow visualisation tests were conducted on a 0·53 m span 60° delta wing model. Results indicate that the lift to drag ratio is a maximum for any given flap deflection angle that the flow comes smoothly onto the deflected vortex flap without forming a large leading edge separation vortex on the flap surface. The benefit of the vortex plate is seen in the drag results which are smaller than those for the datum wing. This benefit is due to leading edge suction acting on the forward facing region between the delta wing and the vortex plate.
Optimisation of constant altitude—constant airspeed flight for piston-prop aircraft
Authors: Ojha S. K. 
Published: March 2023

The preliminary design phase of an aircraft requires quick calculation methods to assess its performance. This note develops an analytical method to obtain the optimum range and associated flight parameters for a piston-prop aircraft. The aircraft is flying so that the altitude and airspeed are kept constant.Such a flight is called “constant altitude-constant airspeed” flight or simply “constant h-V flight”. Transport aircraft generally utilise this type of flight profile. Such a profile has been analysed by Bert for turbojet aircraft, and Hale has discussed it for both turbojet and piston-prop aircraft. This note further improves the analysis of constant h-V flight by optimising it independently and without using the known values from any other flight profile.
The 11th Sir Sydney Camm Lecture. Supporting the Royal Air Force — the challenge for Logistics Command as we approach the 21st century
Authors: Alcock Michael 
Published: March 2023

There can be no doubt that Sir Sydney Camm has left an enduring legacy, both within the aerospace industry as a whole and in the RAF in particular. Indeed, the fact that the RAF has been flying one or more aircraft designed either in part or wholly by Sir Sydney Camm for the majority of the 75 years of our existence provides ample testimony to the extent of that legacy (Fig. 1). A military theme for this paper would therefore seem to be entirely appropriate.The challenge, of course, stems from the reduced threat of global war and the rather greater likelihood of further conflicts such as that seen in the Gulf (Operation GRANBY). These developments have required the RAF to undertake a radical reappraisal of its size, composition and operational posture.
Rotary jet-thrust augmentors — the fallacy of Foa’s theory and the jet fan augmentor
Authors: Bore C. L. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe theory behind Foa’s rotary jet-thrust augmentor dates back to 1955, but there is a fundamental fallacy in it, which is proved by this note. When corrected, the augmentation value equals that of the static-jet augmentor.The principles and theory of the jet-fan thrust augmentor are outlined. Thrust augmentation ratios of these will be around three times those of static-jet augmentors.
An experimental study of the interaction of an unsteady shock with a turbulent boundary layer at Mach numbers of 1.3 and 1.5
Authors: Edwards J. A. , Squire L. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper the results are given of an experimental investigation into the flow development and the surface pressures in an unsteady shock boundary layer interaction at Mach numbers of 1.3 and 1.5. The experiment is one in which a naturally grown turbulent boundary layer on the tunnel walls is disturbed by a normal shock wave spanning the test section of the tunnel. The shock wave is oscillated by a periodic pressure disturbance in the tunnel diffuser far downstream of the interaction. Both instantaneous (spatially averaged) and time averaged results for the surface pressures are presented. These results are used to study the flow development and phase changes through the interaction over a frequency range from 34 to 167 Hz. This frequency range was chosen to cover the range of parameters likely to occur in conditions corresponding to stall flutter in the compressor fans of large bypass engines.
Self-adaptive mesh refinement for the computation of steady, compressible, viscous flows
Authors: Fischer J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAn adaptive method for the computation of steady, viscous compressible flows over a wide range of Reynolds and Mach numbers is presented. The method is based on a well-proven scheme for the solution of the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and employs the flexible AMR-grid structure for the adaptation of discretisation to the computed flow. The basic numerical scheme and the grid structure are reviewed and the sensors employed for the detection of the main flow phenomena are presented. Special attention is given to several flows computed with the adaptive method. The numerical results are partially compared to experimental data and generally a good agreement is observed. It is also recognised that, with the present adaptive method, flow features can be computed with high resolution using greatly reduced computing power. At this time, the method is limited to the simulation of two-dimensional flows, with the extension to three space dimensions currently under development.
Evaluating the feeling of control in virtual object translation on 2D interfaces
Authors: Sun Wenxin , Huang Mengjie , Wu Chenxin , Yang Rui , Han Ji , Yue Yong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Computer-aided design (CAD) plays an essential role in creative idea generation on 2D screens during the design process. In most CAD scenarios, virtual object translation is an essential operation, and it is commonly used when designers simulate their innovative solutions. The degrees of freedom (DoF) of virtual object translation modes have been found to directly impact users’ task performance and psychological aspects in simulated environments. Little is known in the existing literature about the sense of agency (SoA), which is a critical psychological aspect emphasizing the feeling of control, in translation modes on 2D screens during the design process. Hence, this study aims to assess users’ SoA in virtual object translation modes on mouse-based, touch-based, and handheld augmented reality (AR) interfaces through subjective and objective measures, such as self-report, task performance, and electroencephalogram (EEG) data. Based on our findings in this study, users perceived a greater feeling of control in 1DoF translation mode, which may help them come up with more creative ideas, than in 3DoF translation mode in the design process; additionally, the handheld AR interface offers less control feel, which may have a negative impact on design quality and creativity, as compared with mouse- and touch-based interfaces. This research contributes to the current literature by analyzing the association between virtual object translation modes and SoA, as well as the relationship between different 2D interfaces and SoA in CAD. As a result of these findings, we propose several design considerations for virtual object translation on 2D screens, which may enable designers to perceive a desirable feeling of control during the design process.
Characteristics, treatment and care of pregnant women living with hepatitis B in England: findings from a national audit
Authors: Bailey Heather , Nastouli Eleni , Webb Sharon , Peckham Catherine , Thorne Claire 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Around 0.4% of pregnant women in England have chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and need services to prevent vertical transmission. In this national audit, sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory information was requested from all maternity units in England for hepatitis B surface antigen-positive women initiating antenatal care in 2014. We describe these women's characteristics and indicators of access to/uptake of healthcare. Of 2542 pregnancies in 2538 women, median maternal age was 31 [IQR 27, 35] years, 94% (1986/2109) were non-UK born (25% (228/923) having arrived into the UK <2 years previously) and 32% (794/2473) had ⩾2 previous live births. In 39%, English levels were basic/less than basic. Antenatal care was initiated at median 11.3 [IQR 9.6, 14] gestation weeks, and ‘late’ (⩾20 weeks) in 10% (251/2491). In 70% (1783/2533) of pregnancies, HBV had been previously diagnosed and 11.8% (288/2450) had ⩾1 marker of higher infectivity. Missed specialist appointments were reported in 18% (426/2339). Late antenatal care and/or missed specialist appointments were more common in pregnancies among women lacking basic English, arriving in the UK ⩽2 years previously, newly HBV diagnosed, aged <25 years and/or with ⩾2 previous live births. We show overlapping groups of pregnant women with chronic HBV vulnerable to delayed or incomplete care.
Dimension reduction analysis of a three-dimensional thin elastic plate reinforced with fractal ribbons
Authors: El Jarroudi Mustapha , El Merzguioui Mhamed , Er-Riani Mustapha , Lahrouz Aadil , El Amrani Jamal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the dimension reduction analysis of an elastic plate with small thickness reinforced with increasing number of thin ribbons developing fractal geometry. We prove the$\Gamma $-convergence of the energy functionals to a two-dimensional effective energy including singular terms supported within the Sierpinski carpet.
Estimating ground reaction force with novel carbon nanotube-based textile insole pressure sensors
Authors: Burch Kaleb , Doshi Sagar , Chaudhari Amit , Thostenson Erik , Higginson Jill 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study presents a new wearable insole pressure sensor (IPS), composed of fabric coated in a carbon nanotube-based composite thin film, and validates its use for quantifying ground reaction forces (GRFs) during human walking. Healthy young adults (n = 7) walked on a treadmill at three different speeds while data were recorded simultaneously from the IPS and a force plate (FP). The IPS was compared against the FP by evaluating differences between the two instruments under two different assessments: (1) comparing the two peak forces at weight acceptance and push-off (2PK) and (2) comparing the absolute maximum (MAX) of each gait cycle. Agreement between the two systems was evaluated using the Bland–Altman method. For the 2PK assessment, the group mean of differences (MoD) was −1.3 ± 4.3% body weight (BW) and the distance between the MoD and the limits of agreement (2S) was 25.4 ± 11.1% BW. For the MAX assessment, the average MoD across subjects was 1.9 ± 3.0% BW, and 2S was 15.8 ± 9.3% BW. The results of this study show that this sensor technology can be used to obtain accurate measurements of peak walking forces with a basic calibration and consequently open new opportunities to monitor GRF outside of the laboratory.
The effects of swing assistance in a microprocessor-controlled transfemoral prosthesis on walking at varying speeds and grades
Authors: Lee Jantzen , Goldfarb Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article proposes, describes, and tests a swing-assist walking controller for a stance-controlled, swing-assisted knee prosthesis that aims to combine benefits of passive swing mechanics (e.g., quiet operation, biomimetic function, and low power requirements) with benefits of powered swing assistance (e.g., increased robustness of swing-phase motion and specifically increased toe clearance). A three-participant, multislope, multispeed treadmill walking study was performed using the swing-assist prosthesis and controller, as well as using the participants’ prescribed microprocessor knee devices. The swing-assist device and approach were found to improve user minimum foot clearance during walking at slopes and speeds, and also to improve symmetry of knee motion. Hip power inputs from stance knee release to heel strike indicated that, on average, less hip power was required when using the swing-assist prosthesis, indicating that the observed benefits were likely the result of the knee device and its control methodology, rather than a result of increased hip joint effort.
Nevertheless, It Persists
Authors: Neubaum German , Lane Daniel S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Social media have become important environments for people to express and explore their political views. Yet, relatively little is known about how affordances provided by social media platforms affect whether and how users express political opinions. This work argues that message persistence (i.e., the temporal extent to which messages can be accessed by users) is a central affordance of many social media, which affects not only users’ likelihood of political expression, but also so-called self-effects in terms of users feeling socially committed to their expressed views. In a pre-registered experiment ( N = 994), we varied the level of message persistence in a social media platform and used behavioral measures of opinion expression. Contrary to expectations, high-persistence social media provoked more opinion expressions than low-persistence social media. Only minimal evidence was found of self-effects and the persistence of the social media environment did not influence self-related outcomes. Results are discussed in light of political expression literature and the role of self-effects in social media.
Permafrost Thermal Responses to Asymmetrical Climate Changes: An Integrated Perspective
Authors: Wang Kang , Zhang Tingjun , Clow Gary D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn integrated perspective of permafrost dynamics is a key bridge between permafrost and global socioeconomic assessments. This study investigated the air temperature changes (1976–2020) among permafrost zones in the Northern Hemisphere and their potential impacts on permafrost. We found that continuous permafrost zones experienced faster warming than other regions. The freezing index declined 724°C‐day while the thawing index increased only 166°C‐day over continuous permafrost zones. This may explain why the temperature of cold permafrost increased rapidly but the active layer thickness changed only slightly. Assuming permafrost carbon emissions arise only from thaw processes may miss a significant source of the emissions. An often‐neglected factor is that cold‐season snow amplifies permafrost warming caused by summertime air temperature changes. Due to seasonal effects, using mean‐annual air temperature to depict permafrost evolution under integrated assessment frameworks may lead to significant errors.