bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal–Organic Framework‐Manipulated Dielectric Genes Inside Silicon Carbonitride toward Tunable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Yu Gaoyuan , Shao Gaofeng , Xu Rupan , Chen Yu , Zhu Xiaohui , Huang Xiaogu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeterointerface engineering for different identifiable length scales has emerged as a key research area for obtaining materials capable of high‐performance electromagnetic wave absorption; however, achieving controllable architectural and compositional complexity in nanomaterials with environmental and thermal stabilities remains challenging. Herein, metal‐containing silicon carbonitride (SiCN/M) nanocomposite ceramics with multiphase heterointerfaces were in situ synthesized via coordination crosslinking, catalytic graphitization, and phase separation processes using trace amounts of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The results reveal that the regulation of dielectric genes by MOFs can yield considerable lattice strain and abundant lattice defects, contributing to strong interfacial and dipole polarizations. The as‐prepared SiCN/M ceramics demonstrate excellent microwave absorption performance: the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is −72.6 dB at a thickness of only 1.5 mm and −54.1 dB at an ultralow frequency of 3.56 GHz for the SiCN/Fe ceramics and the RLmin is −55.1 dB with a broad bandwidth of 3.4 GHz at an ultralow thickness of 1.2 mm for the SiCN/CoFe ceramic. The results are expected to provide guidance for the design of future dielectric microwave absorption materials based on heterointerface engineering while offering a paradigm for developing MOF‐modified SiCN nanocomposite ceramics with desirable properties.
Making the Most ofRead‐Aloudsto SupportPrimary‐GradeStudents'Inference‐Making
Authors: Hwang HyeJin , Orcutt Ellen , Reno Emily A. , Kim Jasmine , Harsch Rina Miyata , McMaster Kristen L. , Kendeou Panayiota (Pani) , Slater Susan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenerating accurate inferences is crucial for the successful comprehension of text and is a skill that needs to be supported starting in the early grades. Teachers can support inference‐making during read‐aloud lessons by asking inferential questions and providing scaffolding and feedback on students' inference‐making. In this article, we describe instructional principles to support students' inference‐making specifically during read‐alouds. We also share findings from our research in K‐2 classrooms that show how inferential questions, scaffolding, and feedback in read‐aloud lessons can support primary‐grade students' inference‐making. Finally, we describe steps to design and implement read‐aloud lessons for supporting the development of inference‐making in primary‐grade students.
The moral deliberation pathway in veterinary practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Arbe Montoya Alejandra I. , Matthew Susan M. , Jarden Aaron , Hazel Susan J. , McArthur Michelle L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundVeterinarians may face various ethical decisions and potential moral conflicts in clinical practice. The ethical decision‐making process often leads to a satisfying resolution. However, when such a process is accompanied by a perceived inability to act according to a person's values, it can lead to psychological distress that characterises moral distress. Theoretical models in professions such as nursing attempt to explain the evolution of moral conflict into moral distress. In veterinary professionals, a model has been proposed to explain this pathway (the moral deliberation pathway). However, empirical data are still lacking on whether veterinary clinicians experience a moral deliberation pathway as hypothesised.MethodsUsing thematic analysis, this qualitative study investigates veterinary clinicians’ experiences with moral distress and aims to explain the moral deliberation pathway in these veterinarians.ResultsThe results suggest that veterinarians’ experiences with moral distress follow a deliberation process that can be explained by the proposed moral deliberation pathway. Experiencing a moral conflict leads to moral stress, then either to moral distress or resolution into moral comfort.LimitationsSelf‐selection of participants and possible recollection bias may have biased the findings.ConclusionsThe empirical data provided by this study can inform future research and intervention strategies to identify, measure and manage moral distress in the veterinary context.
Assessing primary care veterinarians’ use of and confidence in performing point‐of‐care ultrasound
Authors: McDonald Charlotte , Barfield Dominic , Cole Laura 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is gaining popularity in the veterinary field, but there is little information on operator confidence.MethodsA survey was distributed to primary care veterinarians (PCVs) via social media between May and July 2020. Details of participants' training in and use of POCUS were recorded. Participants' confidence in using thoracic and abdominal POCUS was also assessed using a five‐point Likert scale.ResultsTwo hundred and one PCVs used POCUS, of which 32% reported using a non‐standardised protocol. Fifty percent of PCVs were self‐taught and 17.4% had attended a specific practical course. The median confidence score was 4 out of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 2–5) for identifying abdominal abnormalities, irrespective of the training method. The median confidence score for thoracic abnormalities was 3 out of 5 (IQR 1–4) for those taught by a colleague or who were self‐taught using journal articles or videos.LimitationsThe survey‐based nature of the study relies on self‐reporting and is therefore liable to recall bias.ConclusionsPCVs' confidence in using POCUS is lacking, particularly with thoracic POCUS. Standardised practical training for PCVs, particularly in thoracic POCUS, would be beneficial. Future studies should explore how best to deliver this training.
Incidence and clinical characterisation of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusions in Basset Hounds compared with Dachshunds
Authors: Thatcher Heidi , Targett Mike , Alcoverro Emili , Stee Kimberley , Schofield Imogen , Lowrie Mark , Gomes Sergio A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Basset Hound is the largest chondrodystrophic breed predisposed to thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL‐IVDE). However, literature describing this particular breed in terms of incidence, signalment, anatomical location, clinical severity and short‐term outcome of TL‐IVDE is lacking.MethodsThe medical histories of Dachshunds and Basset Hounds presenting to three neurology departments were retrospectively assessed. Information collected for each dog included signalment, whether it had received a diagnosis of TL‐IVDE, duration of clinical signs, affected discs and anatomical region and neurological grading at presentation and discharge.ResultsA total of 270 Dachshunds and 188 Basset Hounds were included for incidence analysis. Of these, 154 Dachshunds and 68 Basset Hounds with confirmed TL‐IVDE were included for signalment, anatomical location, clinical severity and short‐term outcome analysis. Statistical analysis indicated a significantly higher incidence of TL‐IVDE in Dachshunds than in Basset Hounds (77.4% vs. 36.2%, p < 0.05). Basset Hounds presenting to a neurology department were older (median 87.5 months vs. 66.5 months), had a greater proportion of midlumbar IVDE (L2–L5) and were more frequently ambulatory at discharge than Dachshunds. Only one Basset Hound presented as paraplegic without nociception, compared with 16 Dachshunds (1.5% vs. 10.4%).LimitationsThe study had a retrospective design and included multicentric non‐standardised cases.ConclusionTL‐IVDE incidence was higher in Dachshunds than in Basset Hounds. Basset Hounds were older at presentation, frequently affected more caudally in the vertebral column and more frequently ambulatory at discharge than Dachshunds. The differences found in this study could aid in the development of preventive strategies.
Combined effect of helical force and rotation on the double convection of a binary viscoelastic fluid in a porous medium: Linear and weakly nonlinear analysis
Authors: Kpossa Mathieu , Monwanou Vincent 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe used linear stability theory based on the normal mode decomposition technique and nonlinear stability theory based on the minimum representation of double Fourier series to study the criterion of appearance of the stationary convection and the oscillatory convection; and the rate of heat and mass transfer in a binary viscoelastic fluid mixture in a rotating porous medium under the effect of helical force. We have determined the analytical expression of the Rayleigh number of the system as a function of the dimensionless parameters. Expressions for heat and mass transfer rates are determined as a function of Nusselt and Sherwood number, respectively. The transient behaviors of the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are studied by solving the finite amplitude equations using the Runge‐Kutta method. Then, the effect of each dimensionless parameter on the system is studied pointed out interesting results. According to the analysis of the different results obtained, it appears that in a porous medium saturated by a binary mixture of viscoelastic fluid in rotation, the Taylor‐Darcy number , the delay time parameter λ2 and the mass Rayleigh‐Darcy number delay the onset of stationary and oscillatory convection. On the other hand, the helical force , the relaxation time parameter λ1, the ratio of diffusivities τ and the number of Vadasz accelerate the onset of stationary and oscillatory convection. In the case of the nonlinear stability study, at steady state, the helical force accelerates the rate of heat and mass transfer. On the other hand, the Taylor‐Darcy number , the diffusivity ratio τ and the mass Rayleigh‐Darcy number retard the rate of heat and mass transfer. In the unsteady state, the helical force , the relaxation time parameter λ1 and the mass Rayleigh‐Darcy number accelerate the rate of heat and mass transfer. This is not the case for the Taylor‐Darcy number and the delay time parameter λ2.
Introduction
Authors: Witczak Marcin , Seybold Lothar , Bulach Eric , Maucher Niko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to briefly review the purpose and scope of the Internet of things technologies. After a concise introduction, general trends in applying IoT technologies in areas like logistics and transportation, industry, agriculture and environment, hospitality and leisure as well as healthcare are exposed. Irrespective of the field of application, the IoT devices require an appropriate onboarding platform. Such platforms are traditionally perceived as a cloud-based ones. Thus, they should provide an intuitive way of hardware and software integration. Moreover, they should provide a possibly flexible data access and visualisation means. Therefore, instead of deliberating about a possible hypothetic platforms, an existing and efficient one is employed within the framework of this book. It is called KIS.ME (Keep It Simple. Manage Everything) and it is a platform composed of IoT devices and the cloud-based system, which can be efficiently integrated during an intuitive onboarding procedure. It is also indicated how to use it for a wide spectrum of advanced applications.
Towards Logistic Applications
Authors: Witczak Marcin , Seybold Lothar , Bulach Eric , Maucher Niko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to provide practical guidelines for implementing various logistic-oriented applications. In particular, this part starts with a crucial point pertaining to access control using KIS.Devices and external RFID readers. Subsequently, an application concerning monitoring product levels in a small warehouse is proposed. The remaining three sections deal with transportation systems. The first one starts with the simplest one, pertaining to two points and the associated single transporter order. The other two sections extend this essential case to multiple points and multiple transporters. Subsequently, it is shown how to visualize the performance of such systems using floorplans and Datapoint charts. Finally, a set of training exercises is provided, which summarize the knowledge covered by this chapter.
Second-Order Hyperproperties
Authors: Beutner Raven , Finkbeiner Bernd , Frenkel Hadar , Metzger Niklas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe introduce Hyper2LTL, a temporal logic for the specification of hyperproperties that allows for second-order quantification over sets of traces. Unlike first-order temporal logics for hyperproperties, such as HyperLTL, Hyper2LTL can express complex epistemic properties like common knowledge, Mazurkiewicz trace theory, and asynchronous hyperproperties. The model checking problem of Hyper2LTL is, in general, undecidable. For the expressive fragment where second-order quantification is restricted to smallest and largest sets, we present an approximate model-checking algorithm that computes increasingly precise under- and overapproximations of the quantified sets, based on fixpoint iteration and automata learning. We report on encouraging experimental results with our model-checking algorithm, which we implemented in the tool .
nl2spec: Interactively Translating Unstructured Natural Language to Temporal Logics with Large Language Models
Authors: Cosler Matthias , Hahn Christopher , Mendoza Daniel , Schmitt Frederik , Trippel Caroline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA rigorous formalization of desired system requirements is indispensable when performing any verification task. This often limits the application of verification techniques, as writing formal specifications is an error-prone and time-consuming manual task. To facilitate this, we present , a framework for applying Large Language Models (LLMs) to derive formal specifications (in temporal logics) from unstructured natural language. In particular, we introduce a new methodology to detect and resolve the inherent ambiguity of system requirements in natural language: we utilize LLMs to map subformulas of the formalization back to the corresponding natural language fragments of the input. Users iteratively add, delete, and edit these sub-translations to amend erroneous formalizations, which is easier than manually redrafting the entire formalization. The framework is agnostic to specific application domains and can be extended to similar specification languages and new neural models. We perform a user study to obtain a challenging dataset, which we use to run experiments on the quality of translations. We provide an open-source implementation, including a web-based frontend.
Exploiting Adjoints in Property Directed Reachability Analysis
Authors: Kori Mayuko , Ascari Flavio , Bonchi Filippo , Bruni Roberto , Gori Roberta , Hasuo Ichiro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe formulate, in lattice-theoretic terms, two novel algorithms inspired by Bradley’s property directed reachability algorithm. For finding safe invariants or counterexamples, the first algorithm exploits over-approximations of both forward and backward transition relations, expressed abstractly by the notion of adjoints. In the absence of adjoints, one can use the second algorithm, which exploits lower sets and their principals. As a notable example of application, we consider quantitative reachability problems for Markov Decision Processes.
Paracausal deformations of Lorentzian metrics and Møller isomorphisms in algebraic quantum field theory
Authors: Moretti Valter , Murro Simone , Volpe Daniele 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGiven a pair of normally hyperbolic operators over (possibnly different) globally hyperbolic spacetimes on a given smooth manifold, the existence of a geometric isomorphism, called Møller operator, between the space of solutions is studied. This is achieved by exploiting a new equivalence relation in the space of globally hyperbolic metrics, called paracausal relation. In particular, it is shown that the Møller operator associated to a pair of paracausally related metrics and normally hyperbolic operators also intertwines the respective causal propagators of the normally hyperbolic operators and it preserves the natural symplectic forms on the space of (smooth) initial data. Finally, the Møller map is lifted to a $$*$$

∗

-isomorphism between (generally off-shell) CCR-algebras. It is shown that the Wave Front set of a Hadamard bidistribution (and of a Hadamard state in particular) is preserved by the pull-back action of this $$*$$

∗

-isomorphism.
Study of the hygroscopic properties of three Australian wood species used as solid wood and composite products
Authors: Shirmohammadi Maryam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of engineered wood products and mass timber panels such as cross laminated timber (CLT), glued laminated timber (glulam) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is becoming more common, as these products have benefits in terms of environmental credentials and resource utilisation and have the potential to provide faster and more economical construction processes. However, timber exposed to moisture for prolonged periods can degrade biologically, leading to a loss of appearance and decreased mechanical properties. Southern pine, radiata pine and shining gum timber are important forest resources for the Australian timber industry. To date, no in-depth studies on the hygroscopic properties of these species have been carried out from a timber wetting point of view. Consequently, existing literature has a knowledge gap regarding the determination of moisture movement properties in these species that are applicable to numerical modelling when used as solid wood or in the production of engineered wood products (EWPs). The work presented herein will help develop a better understanding of moisture ingress and egress in solid timber and EWPs and provide data for future predictive tools (such as numerical modelling) for moisture management in timber buildings. Samples were prepared from solid timber as well as EWP’s to examine the relationships between glue lines and edge gaps in CLT and multiple glue lines in LVL on moisture movement. As expected, longitudinal permeability was higher than radial and tangential permeability for the species tested. Southern pine samples had higher gas and liquid permeability values than radiata pine and shining gum. CLT with end grain sections including an edge gap had higher gas and liquid permeability than similar sections with glue lines only. LVL sections with 1 glue line had slightly lower permeability values than in samples with 2 glue lines. Gas and liquid permeabilities were lower for LVL samples than a two-layered veneer section without a glue line illustrating the barrier posed by the glue line. The moisture loss parameter during the diffusion testing was higher for LVL ends and CLT ends with edge gaps than face and edge sample sections. The results will be used to develop numerical models for moisture behaviour in solid and composite timber panels when exposed to humidity and free water. It is recommended to conduct additional studies to examine the impact of the adhesive layer and its properties on impeding moisture migration or functioning as a moisture barrier.
A conceptual framework for modeling heterogeneous actors' behavior in national innovation systems
Authors: Vetsikas Apostolos , Stamboulis Yeoryios 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVarious analytical frameworks, such as the National Innovation System (NISs) and N-tuple innovation helices, have been developed to address technological change at a spatial or sectoral-technological level. Several quantitative methodological approaches have been used to capture the effectiveness, efficiency, and overall performance of innovation at the national level. Reviewing these approaches, we highlight important aspects of the innovation process, such as actor heterogeneity, the intensity of interactions, and evolutionary dynamics within and between innovation subsystems that are often underestimated. We conceive NISs consisting of five interacting helices: government, academia, industry, society, and finance. Actors belonging to these helices develop their behavior – in terms of resource commitment/allocation – in the context of interdependencies and interactions that condition the effectiveness and efficiency of their actions. As a result, their expectations are formed from their perception of how other actors and the system behave. We develop a conceptual framework that goes beyond the static illustration of ‘innovation scoreboards’ and linear models. It illustrates how individual parameter changes – in one helix of the system – may generate non-linear effects throughout. We use a causal loop diagram (CLD) to depict the intricacies of the interactions amongst various elements in NISs, and a stock-and-flow diagram (SFD), which forces more detailed specification of causal mechanisms. Our framework facilitates helix-based actor heterogeneity and highlights the key causal mechanisms and feedback loops – set in motion from actor interactions – that govern NIS’s evolution and performance without losing oneself in immense detailed complexity.
HJ Inequalities Involving Lie Brackets and Feedback Stabilizability with Cost Regulation
Authors: Fusco Giovanni , Motta Monica , Rampazzo Franco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith reference to an optimal control problem where the state has to approach asymptotically a closed target while paying a non-negative integral cost, we propose a generalization of the classical dissipative relation that defines a Control Lyapunov Function to a weaker differential inequality. The latter involves both the cost and the iterated Lie brackets of the vector fields in the dynamics up to a certain degree $$k\ge 1$$

k
≥
1

, and we call any of its (suitably defined) solutions a degree-kMinimum Restraint Function. We prove that the existence of a degree-k Minimum Restraint Function allows us to build a Lie-bracket-based feedback which sample stabilizes the system to the target while regulating (i.e., uniformly bounding) the cost.
Forum: Climate, Ecological, and Social Costs of Livestock Grazing on Western Public Lands
Authors: Kauffman J. Boone , Beschta Robert L. , Lacy Peter M. , Liverman Marc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGrazing by domestic livestock is the most widespread use of public lands in the American West (USA) and their effects on climate change and ways to mitigate those effects are of interest to land managers, policy makers, and the broader public. Kauffman et al. (2022a) provided a meta-analysis of the ecosystem impacts, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and social costs of carbon (SCC) associated with livestock grazing on public lands in the western USA. They determined that GHG emissions from cattle on public lands equaled 12.4 million t CO2e/year. At the scale of land use planning utilized by federal agencies, GHG emissions associated with allocated livestock numbers will typically exceed US Environmental Protection Agencies’ reporting limits (25,000 t) for certain industrial greenhouse gas emitters. As such, these are essentially unreported sources of GHG emissions from public lands. Using the US government’s most recent SCC estimate of $51/t, Kauffman et al. (2022a) determined the total SCC of cattle grazing on public lands to be approximately $264–630 million/year. However, recent advances in the determination of SCC reveal this is to be an underestimate. Using the latest science results in an estimated SCC of $1.1–2.4 billion/year for grazing on public lands. Furthermore, the SCC borne by the public exceeds the economic benefits to private livestock permittees by over $926 million/year. Cessation of public lands grazing is an environmentally and economically sound mitigation and adaptation approach to addressing the climate crisis; an approach that will also facilitate restoration of the myriad of ecosystem services provided by intact wildland ecosystems.