bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of organizational compassion in health care on clinicians: A scoping review
Authors: Pestian Teresa , Awtrey Eli , Kanov Jason , Winick Naomi , Thienprayoon Rachel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe unprecedented exodus of workers from the healthcare system is a patient safety crisis. Organizational compassion in health care is the proactive, systematic, and continuous identification, alleviation, and prevention of all sources of suffering.AimsThis scoping review aimed to describe the evidence regarding the impact of organizational compassion on clinicians, identify gaps, and provide recommendations for future research.MethodsA comprehensive librarian‐assisted database search was conducted. Databases searched were PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and Business Source Complete. Combinations of search terms regarding health care, compassion, organizational compassion, and workplace suffering were used. The search strategy was limited to English language articles and those published between 2000 and 2021.ResultsDatabase search yielded 781 articles. After removing duplicates, 468 were screened by title and abstract, and 313 were excluded. One‐hundred and fifty‐five underwent full‐text screening, and 137 were removed, leaving 18 eligible articles, two of which were set in the United States. Ten articles evaluated barriers or facilitators to organizational compassion, four evaluated elements of compassionate leadership, and four evaluated the Schwartz Center Rounds intervention. Several described the need to create systems that are compassionate to clinicians. Lack of time, support staff, and resources impeded the delivery of such interventions.Linking evidence to actionLittle research has been done to understand and evaluate the impact of compassion on US clinicians. Given the workforce crisis in American health care and the potential positive impact of increasing compassion for clinicians, there is an urgent need for researchers and healthcare administrators to fill this gap.
More airway smooth muscle in males versus females in a mouse model of asthma: A blessing in disguise?
Authors: Gill Rebecka , Rojas‐Ruiz Andrés , Boucher Magali , Henry Cyndi , Bossé Ynuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMouse models are helpful in unveiling the mechanisms underlying sex disparities in asthma. In comparison to their female counterparts, male mice are hyperresponsive to inhaled methacholine, a cardinal feature of asthma that contributes to its symptoms. The physiological details and the structural underpinnings of this hyperresponsiveness in males are currently unknown. Herein, BALB/c mice were exposed intranasally to either saline or house dust mite once daily for 10 consecutive days to induce experimental asthma. Twenty‐four hours after the last exposure, respiratory mechanics were measured at baseline and after a single dose of inhaled methacholine that was adjusted to trigger the same degree of bronchoconstriction in both sexes (it was twice as high in females). Bronchoalveolar lavages were then collected, and the lungs were processed for histology. House dust mite increased the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavages to the same extent in both sexes (asthma,P = 0.0005; sex,P = 0.96). The methacholine response was also markedly increased by asthma in both sexes (e.g.,P = 0.0002 for asthma on the methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction). However, for a well‐matched bronchoconstriction between sexes, the increase in hysteresivity, an indicator of airway narrowing heterogeneity, was attenuated in males for both control and asthmatic mice (sex,P = 0.002). The content of airway smooth muscle was not affected by asthma but was greater in males (asthma,P = 0.31; sex,P< 0.0001). These results provide further insights regarding an important sex disparity in mouse models of asthma. The increased amount of airway smooth muscle in males might contribute functionally to their greater methacholine response and, possibly, to their decreased propensity for airway narrowing heterogeneity.
Dramatic Amplification of the Flexoelectric Effect in Snapping Surfaces
Authors: Chen Lingling , Xing Xinyu , Zhao Chuo , Yang Shengyou 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Flexoelectricity exists in all inhomogeneously deformed dielectric materials and is of great interest in engineering science, especially in microelectromechanical systems. However, the flexoelectricity is relatively small compared to the commonly known piezoelectricity. How to produce a considerably large flexoelectric effect and how to apply the effect to a large scale have concerned people for a long time. In this paper, we creatively amplify the flexoelectric effect without decreasing the structure scale by harnessing the electromechanical instability—the snap-through instability—of a curved dielectric plate subjected to a concentrated load. We formulate the electrostatic energy of the system and obtain the governing equations by taking the first variation of the free energy. In the analysis, we find that the thickness of the plate and the initial configuration affect the onset of the snap-through. Beyond that, we notice that flexoelectricity can lower the critical load of the snap-through instability. Importantly, we find that a large flexoelectricity can be generated by harnessing the instability. For a dielectric plate with thickness 2 × 10−7 m, the effective electromechanical coefficient is equal to 35 pC/N in the beginning; however, by using the instability, the effective coefficient can be increased to as high as 740 pC/N, which is 21 times higher after the instability. In the end, we tune the electromechanical behaviors by designing the curved plate’s thickness and configuration. This paper contributes to our understanding of the amplification of flexoelectric effects by harnessing snapping surfaces.
Design and Analysis of a Six-Degree-of-Freedom Microsurgical Instruments Based on Rigid-Flexible Coupling Multi-Body System
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Yu Yang , Yang Jinhe , Xu Zhenbang , Liu Haipeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the operational accuracy of microsurgical instruments and increase the success rate of surgery, a six-degree-of-freedom microsurgical instrument is designed and analyzed based on a rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system. First, an improved kinematic modeling method is proposed based on the pseudo-rigid body theory. Second, a rigid-flexible coupling simulation system is built to analyze the error sources in terms of the remote center of motion, preload, and side load. Then, the function of motion scaling, the accuracy of kinematic modeling, and the validity of the workspace are demonstrated by analyzing the workspace. In addition, the maximum stress is analyzed to ensure the safety and reliability of the application. The analysis results show that the improved kinematic modeling method improves the positioning accuracy by more than two times, and the root mean square error at the tool tip of the microsurgical instrument does not exceed 1 μm under a side load of 0.1 N. Finally, the experimental results show that the improved kinematic modeling method has higher pointing accuracy, and the maximum error does not exceed 10 μm. The designed microsurgical instrument can meet the requirements of surgical operations.
Data-Driven Dynamics Modeling and Control Strategy for a Planar n-DOF Cable-Driven Parallel Robot Driven by n + 1 Cables Allowing Collisions
Authors: Xu Genyuan , Zhu Haoda , Xiong Hao , Lou Yunjiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Scholars have proposed to allow collisions of cables with the base, the end-effector, or obstacles to expand the workspace of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) in recent years. However, allowing collisions also leads to new challenges in kinematics and dynamics modeling for CDPRs. To this end, this article focuses on a planar fully constrained n-degree-of-freedom (DOF) CDPR driven by n + 1 cables allowing collisions and develops a data-driven dynamics modeling strategy. The data-driven dynamics modeling strategy can address the collisions and optimal tension distribution issues simultaneously. Based on the data-driven dynamics modeling strategy, this article proposes a data-driven dynamics-based control strategy for the planar CDPR allowing collisions. A planar two-DOF CDPR prototype driven by three cables is established to evaluate the data-driven dynamics modeling strategy and data-driven dynamics-based control strategy.
Design and Validation of a Nonparasitic 2R1T Parallel Hand-Held Prostate Biopsy Robot With Remote Center of Motion
Authors: Jiang Wenhe , Wu Dongmei , Dong Wei , Ding Jiajun , Ye Zhichao , Zeng Pei , Gao Yongzhuo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn increasing number of grounded robots are being used in prostate interventions to improve clinical outcomes, but their large size and high-cost limit their popularity. Thus, we present a hand-held 3-degree-of-freedom (DoF) parallel robot with remote center of motion (RCM) for minimally invasive prostate biopsy applications, combining the flexibility of hand-held devices with the precision of robotic assistance. First, the kinematic structure of robotic assistance is introduced according to its design requirements. Then, the kinematic analysis of robotic assistance is carried out by using a simplified kinematic model. The kinematic parameters are designed according to the desired workspace. A prototype has been developed and validated in animal experiments. Twenty beagles of different sizes were selected for the robot-assisted and controlled experiments, resulting in target errors of 3.30 ± 1.63 mm and 5.40 ± 1.76 mm, respectively. The error of robot-assisted experiments was significantly better than in controlled experiments. Preliminary animal tests have demonstrated that the hand-held robot can improve the accuracy of free-hand biopsy punctures.
Data-Driven Approaches for Bead Geometry Prediction Via Melt Pool Monitoring
Authors: Alexander Zoe , Feldhausen Thomas , Saleeby Kyle , Kurfess Thomas , Fu Katherine , Saldaña Christopher 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the realm of additive manufacturing, the selection of process parameters to avoid over and under deposition entails a time-consuming and resource-intensive trial-and-error approach. Given the distinct characteristics of each part geometry, there is a pressing need for advancing real-time process monitoring and control to ensure consistent and reliable part dimensional accuracy. This research shows that support vector regression (SVR) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models offer a promising solution for real-time process control due to the models’ abilities to recognize complex, non-linear patterns with high accuracy. A novel experiment was designed to compare the performance of SVR and CNN models to indirectly detect bead height from a coaxial image of a melt pool from a single-layer, single bead build. The study showed that both SVR and CNN models trained on melt pool data collected from a coaxial optical camera can accurately predict the bead height with a mean absolute percentage error of 3.67% and 3.68%, respectively.
Multi-Objective Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Coupled Design Optimization Using a Full Viscosity Discrete Adjoint Harmonic Balance Method
Authors: Wu Hangkong , Wang Dingxi , Huang Xiuquan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With increasing requirements for high-loading and high-efficiency turbomachines, blades become thinner and thinner and thus design optimizations considering both aerodynamic performances and aeroelastic stability become more and more necessary. In this study, a full viscosity discrete adjoint harmonic balance solver has been developed using algorithmic differentiation (AD), verified by a discrete linear solver based upon duality property, and then adopted to perform multi-disciplinary coupled design optimizations. To this end, a framework of multi-objective adjoint design optimizations has been developed to improve both aerodynamic performances and the aeroelastic stability of turbomachinery blades. This framework is divided into two steps: aeroelastic design initialization and aerodynamic Pareto front determination. First, the blade profiles are optimized to improve the aeroelastic stability only and constrain the variations of aerodynamic performances. Second, the optimized blade profiles in the first step are used as the initial ones and then further optimized with the objective function of aerodynamic parameters and the constraints of aeroelastic parameters. The effectiveness of the multi-objective design optimization method is demonstrated by comparing the optimization results with those from a single-objective aerodynamic and aeroelastic coupled design optimization method. The results from the transonic NASA Rotor 67 subjected to a hypothetical vibration mode show that the multi-objective coupled design optimization method is capable of improving performances in both disciplines.
Fan Flutter Mechanisms Related to Blade Mode Shape and Acoustic Properties
Authors: Dong Xu , Zhang Yanfeng , Lu Xingen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The blade mode shape and acoustic properties are important factors that affect the aeroelasticity of fan blades. The goal of this paper is to investigate the stall flutter mechanism associated with the first mode and its components. The paper numerically studies the impact of blade modes on fan flutter under different acoustic propagation conditions. The research focus includes unsteady characteristics inside blade passages, variations in pressure waves under different acoustic modes, as well as the effects of blade modes on the least stable phase angle. The results show that the twist-induced pressure leads to destabilization. Compared with the work of other authors, this study discovered that when the twist-induced pressure on the pressure side act on the plunge rather than twist, the instability effect will be greater, while the effect of twist-induced pressure on the suction side is weak. The phase of unsteady pressure in two-dimensional flow regions is linear with frequency, while the amplitude is highly sensitive to acoustic properties. The plunge-induced pressure inside the passage undergoes significant changes when downstream from acoustic cut-off to cut-on. The twist-induced pressure is more sensitive to changes in the acoustic propagation state, with the peak of the aerodynamic damping curve near upstream acoustic resonance being solely related to the twist-induced pressure acting on the suction side. The study also finds that the position of the blade torsion axis, represented by the twist-to-plunge ratio, does not affect the most unstable nodal diameter.
Running Habits and Injury Frequency Following COVID-19 Restrictions in Adolescent Long-Distance Runners
Authors: Meyers Rachel N. , Garcia Micah C. , Taylor-Haas Jeffery A. , Long Jason T. , Rauh Mitchell J. , Paterno Mark V. , Ford Kevin R. , Bazett-Jones David M. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: A decline in youth running was observed at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated whether the resumption of organized running after social distancing restrictions changed running habits or injury frequency in adolescent runners. Methods: Adolescents (age = 16.1 [2.1] y) who participated in long-distance running activities completed an online survey in the Spring and Fall of 2020. Participants self-reported average weekly running habits and whether they sustained an injury during the Fall 2020 season. Poisson regression models and 1-way analysis of variance compared running habits while Fisher exact test compared differences in frequencies of injuries during Fall 2020 among season statuses (full, delayed, and canceled). Results: All runners, regardless of season status, increased weekly distance during Fall 2020. Only runners with a full Fall 2020 season ran more times per week and more high-intensity runs per week compared with their Spring 2020 running habits. There were no differences in running volume or running-related injury frequency among Fall 2020 season statuses. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in running-related injury (RRI) frequency among runners, regardless of season status, following the resumption of cross-country. Health care providers may need to prepare for runners to increase running volume and intensity following the resumption of organized team activities.
Thin film design of amorphous hafnium oxide nanocomposites enabling strong interfacial resistive switching uniformity
Authors: Hellenbrand Markus , Bakhit Babak , Dou Hongyi , Xiao Ming , Hill Megan O. , Sun Zhuotong , Mehonic Adnan , Chen Aiping , Jia Quanxi , Wang Haiyan , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. 
Published: June 2023

A design concept of phase-separated amorphous nanocomposite thin films is presented that realizes interfacial resistive switching (RS) in hafnium-oxide-based devices. The films are formed by incorporating an average of 7% Ba into hafnium oxide during pulsed laser deposition at temperatures ≤400°C. The added Ba prevents the films from crystallizing and leads to ∼20-nm-thin films consisting of an amorphous HfOxhost matrix interspersed with ∼2-nm-wide, ∼5-to-10-nm-pitch Ba-rich amorphous nanocolumns penetrating approximately two-thirds through the films. This restricts the RS to an interfacial Schottky-like energy barrier whose magnitude is tuned by ionic migration under an applied electric field. Resulting devices achieve stable cycle-to-cycle, device-to-device, and sample-to-sample reproducibility with a measured switching endurance of ≥104cycles for a memory window ≥10 at switching voltages of ±2 V. Each device can be set to multiple intermediate resistance states, which enables synaptic spike-timing–dependent plasticity. The presented concept unlocks additional design variables for RS devices.
Genetic structure and triazole resistance among
Aspergillus fumigatus
populations from remote and undeveloped regions in Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Zhou Duanyong , Gong Jianchuan , Duan Chengyan , He Jingrui , Zhang Ying , Xu Jianping 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus fumigatus
is a ubiquitous mold and a common human fungal pathogen. Recent molecular population genetic and epidemiological analyses have revealed evidence for long-distance gene flow and high genetic diversity within most local populations of
A. fumigatus
. However, little is known about the impact of regional landscape factors in shaping the population diversity patterns of this species. Here we sampled extensively and investigated the population structure of
A. fumigatus
from soils in the Three Parallel Rivers (TPR) region in Eastern Himalaya. This region is remote, undeveloped and sparsely populated, bordered by glaciated peaks more than 6,000 m above sea level, and contained three rivers separated by tall mountains over very short horizontal distances. A total of 358
A
.
fumigatus
strains from 19 sites along the three rivers were isolated and analyzed at nine loci containing short tandem repeats. Our analyses revealed that mountain barriers, elevation differences, and drainage systems all contributed low but statistically significant genetic variations to the total
A. fumigatus
population in this region. We found abundant novel alleles and genotypes in the TPR population of
A. fumigatus
and significant genetic differentiation between this population and those from other parts of Yunnan and the globe. Surprisingly, despite limited human presence in this region, about 7% of the
A. fumigatus
isolates were resistant to at least one of the two medical triazoles commonly used for treating aspergillosis. Our results call for greater surveillance of this and other human fungal pathogens in the environment.

IMPORTANCE

The extreme habitat fragmentation and substantial environmental heterogeneity in the TPR region have long known to contribute to geographically shaped genetic structure and local adaptation in several plant and animal species. However, there have been limited studies of fungi in this region.
Aspergillus fumigatus
is a ubiquitous pathogen capable of long-distance dispersal and growth in diverse environments. In this study, using
A. fumigatus
as a model, we investigated how localized landscape features contribute to genetic variations in fungal populations. Our results revealed that elevation and drainage isolation rather than direct physical distances significantly impacted genetic exchange and diversity among the local
A. fumigatus
populations. Interestingly, within each local population, we found high allelic and genotypic diversities, and with evidence ~7% of all isolates being resistant to two medical triazoles, itraconazole and voriconazole. Given the high frequency of ARAF found in mostly natural soils of sparsely populated sites in the TPR region, close monitoring of their dynamics in nature and their effects on human health is needed.
Black Carbon Seasonal Trends and Regional Sources on Bely Island (Arctic)
Authors: Popovicheva O. B. , Chichaeva M. A. , Kobelev V. O. , Kasimov N. S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The impact of aerosol sources on the pollution of the Russian sector of the Arctic is now strongly underestimated. A new polar aerosol station was arranged in August 2019 on Bely Island (Kara Sea), on the pathway of air mass transport from industrial regions of Western Siberia to the Arctic. Continuous aethalometer measurements of a short-lived climate tracer, i.e., black carbon, (from December to April 2019 and from January to November 2020) showed its seasonal variations with high values (60–92 ng/m3) in December–April and low values (18–72 ng/m3) in June–September. Pollution periods are identified. Regional distribution of fossil fuel and biomass combustion sources are obtained using the black carbon concentration weight trajectory model. The impact of gas flaring from oil and gas extraction areas of Western Siberia, the Volga region, the Urals, and the Komi Republic is found to be most pronounced during the cold period, and the impact from wildfire smoke emissions is found to be maximal in the warm season. A marker of biomass burning impact, determined from the difference between the black carbon concentrations measured in a broad wavelength spectrum, indicated the predominant effects from residential wood combustion in the cold period and agricultural and forest fires in the warm season.