bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pay Transparency, Information Access Rights and Data Protection Law: Exploring Viable Alternatives to Disclosure Orders in Equal Pay Litigation
Authors: Hooton Victoria , Pearce Henry 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Equal pay litigation is often highly technical, with a drawn out and costly legal battle for claimants. This is somewhat because of the way equal pay law is constructed, as the requirement to have specific, named comparators can be an area of intense dispute. The complexity and length of cases look set to increase as the parameters of equal pay for work of equal value are explored, and occupational segregation is challenged in the employment tribunals and courts. This article considers one of the largest obstacles to quick and efficient equal pay litigation: the imbalance of access to information between employer and employee. The difficulties of applications for disclosure orders are discussed, alongside pay transparency measures and the recent proposals for a right to direct access to a suspected comparator’s pay data. We consider whether the proposed right is a viable, swifter route to information parity and greater efficiency in equal pay litigation, in light of the experience of freedom of information requests regarding equal pay. Specifically, we note the tension that may arise between the ‘Right to Know’ a comparator’s pay, and the data protection obligations of the employer.
Great Power Intervention and War
Authors: Wolford Scott 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGreat powers often extract concessions whether they intervene during or after other states’ wars. I analyze crisis bargaining between two primary disputants and a great power that may intervene to extract concessions from the victor. When disputants face commitment problems, the threat of intervention discourages declining states from attacking and enables rising states to make otherwise-incredible commitments to avoid war. When disputants face information problems, uninformed states find risking war less attractive, and informed states accept less favorable proposals, regardless of their private information. The mechanism by which the threat of intervention discourages war depends on great powers’ military reach and the side(s) against which they intervene. The model shows how (i) changing great power capabilities can lead to the outbreak of war between other states, (ii) these effects are mediated by hierarchical relationships, and (iii) great powers can create international order not with principle but with selfishness.
A novel method to retain a waterproof coal pillar near water-conducting fault
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Fei Yu , Wang Juan , Wu Di , Guo Dongyu , Dong Yanlin , Liu Xingjie , Shangguan Yiwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReducing the width of safe coal pillar near geological structures, such as a water-conducting fault, to improve the extraction ratio of coal seam is a major concern that needs to be addressed urgently for mining shallow coal resources in China. To tackle the contradiction between improving the extraction ratio of resources and the disaster caused by reducing the width of the waterproof coal pillar, this study focuses on retaining the coal (rock) pillar near the water-conducting fault and proposes a novel method for calculating the waterproofing of the coal pillar precisely. We consider the different location relationships between the water-conducting fault, confined aquifer and coal seam, and suggest the principle of retaining the waterproofing of the coal pillar. First, we develop a mechanical model describing a waterproof coal pillar near the water-conducting fault by using elastic–plastic mechanics theory and subsequently calculate the length of plastic zone of the coal pillar under water pressure of the fault by using the limit equilibrium method. Furthermore, we use FLAC3D software to simulate the stress distribution of the coal seam roof and floor under fault water pressure. Subsequently, based on the Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion, we propose a method to calculate the width of waterproof coal pillars by combining the plastic zone with the maximum principal stress propagation line. Ultimately, we assess and discuss the accuracy and simplicity of this method by combining it with engineering methods.
Comprehensive RNA expression profile analysis of γδ T cells from peripheral blood and decidual tissues in normal pregnancy (NP) donors and patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)
Authors: Guo Rong , Zhang Jianliang , Jiang Silin , Lin Jingxian , Zhang Fan , Zhou Wenbin , Guan Zerong , Xiang Liping , Han Xu , Yang Quanli , Yin Zhinan , Zhang Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a significant adverse pregnancy complication. The loss of immune tolerance has been proposed in the pathogenesis of RPL, however, the role of γδ T cells in RPL is still controversial. In this study, the gene expression patterns of circulated and decidual tissue-resident γδ T cells from normal pregnancy donors and patients with RPL were analyzed by SMART-seq. We demonstrate that the transcriptional expression profile of different subsets of γδ T cells in peripheral blood and decidual tissue is strikingly different. Vδ2 γδ T cells, as the major cytotoxic subset, are found to be enriched considerably, and the potential cytotoxicity of this subset is further enhanced in the decidua of RPL patients may be due to detrimental ROS reduction, enhanced metabolic activity, downregulation of immunosuppressive molecules expression in resident γδ T cells. Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis of transcriptome indicates complex changes in gene expression in decidual γδ T cells over time from NP and RPL patients. Taken together, our work identifies high heterogeneity of gene signature in γδ T cells from NP and RPL patients between peripheral blood and decidua, which will be a useful resource for further studies of the critical roles of γδ T cells in RPL.
Early treatment with C-reactive protein-derived peptide reduces septic acute kidney injury in mice via controlled activation of kidney macrophages
Authors: Ito Seigo , Goto Hiroyasu , Tanoue Keiko , Koiwai Kazuki , Ishikiriyama Takuya , Kearney Bradley M , Mori Kazuma , Nakashima Masahiro , Nakashima Hiroyuki , Kumagai Hiroo , Seki Shuhji , Kinoshita Manabu , Oshima Naoki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mortality rate for acute kidney injury (AKI) due to sepsis remains high, and effective therapies based on its pathogenesis remain elusive. Macrophages are crucial for clearing bacteria from vital organs, including the kidney, under septic conditions. Excessive macrophage activation results in organ injury. C-reactive protein (CRP) peptide (174-185), a functional product of proteolyzed CRP in vivo, effectively activates macrophages. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of synthetic CRP peptide on septic AKI, focusing on effects on kidney macrophages. Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce septic AKI and were intraperitoneally administered 20 mg/kg of synthetic CRP peptide 1 h post-CLP. Early CRP peptide treatment improved AKI while still clearing infection. Ly6C-negative kidney tissue-resident macrophages did not significantly increase at 3 h after CLP, while Ly6C-positive monocyte-derived macrophages significantly accumulated in the kidney 3 h post-CLP. CRP peptide augmented the phagocytic ROS production in both subtypes of kidney macrophage at 3 h. Interestingly, both subtypes of macrophage increased ROS production 24 h post-CLP compared to the control group, while CRP peptide treatment maintained ROS production at the same level seen 3 h post-CLP. Although bacterium-phagocytic kidney macrophages produced TNF-α, CRP peptide reduced bacterial propagation and tissue TNF-α levels in the septic kidney at 24 h. Although both subsets of kidney macrophages showed populations of M1 at 24 h post-CLP, CRP peptide therapy skewed the macrophages population toward M2 at 24 h. CRP peptide alleviated murine septic AKI via the controlled activation of kidney macrophages and is an excellent candidate for future human therapeutic studies.
Multiple interacting factors affect seed predation in an African savanna small mammal community
Authors: Schoepf Ivana , Pillay Neville 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Multiple factors affect seed predation, including seed traits, habitat type, seed predator community composition, predation risk, and seasonality. How all these factors and their interactions simultaneously influence seed predation has rarely been tested experimentally in situ. Here, we assessed the relative contribution of the factors driving seed predation in an African savanna rodent community, comprising six ecologically similar species. We first conducted seed preference tests under semicaptive conditions to determine which seed trait (size, shell hardness, nutritional content) influenced seed predation. Then we performed in situ experiments to establish whether rodent community composition (diversity and abundance), seed type, habitat type, seasonality, predation risk, and their interactions affected seed predation. Semicaptive experiments showed that rodents preferred smaller, lighter seeds, containing relatively high water content. In situ experiments showed that predation risk was an important factor influencing seed predation, with rodents removing considerably more seeds in areas where predation risk was lower. Habitat type also affected seed predation, but its effects were strongly linked to predation risk. In areas where predation risk was higher, rodents removed more seeds in more heterogeneous habitats, whereas in areas where predation risk was lower, rodents removed more seeds in less heterogeneous habitats. Seasonality was the least influential factor shaping seed predation. Rodents removed more seeds in winter compared to other seasons, but only in areas where predation risk was low. We provide experimental evidence for a multifaceted approach to understanding the relative contribution of the different factors driving variation in seed predation in natural communities and show that these factors are likely hierarchically arranged.
The rejection of rational autonomy as an educational ideal? In search of a philosophical justification for radical change in Paul Hirst’s thinking
Authors: Holma Katariina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In Paul Hirst’s later writings, he states that his earlier idea that ‘a good life is one of rational autonomy is both inadequate and mistaken’. Instead of rational autonomy, he argues that the main constituent of the good life is the satisfaction of needs and interests in relevant social practices; therefore, the main aim of education should be initiation into social practices. I concur with Hirst regarding the problematic nature of views that take the individual, rational, autonomous moral subject as their educational starting point. Furthermore, like Hirst, I see that the problematic separation of moral thinking and action is embedded in these views. However, I disagree with Hirst regarding the justification of Aristotelian theory, on which he bases his new account. Instead, I defend a pragmatist justification for what I see as the most important dimension of Hirst’s later shift in thinking in his moral theory. Utilizing resources from such pragmatists as Charles S. Peirce, John Dewey, Israel Scheffler, and Nicholas Rescher, I outline an account in which there is no dichotomy between theoretical and practical reason: both reason and emotion belong to nature and work in collaboration, and moral thinking and action can be learned and improved in responsible social practices.
On the competitive facility location problem with a Bayesian spatial interaction model
Authors: Perera Shanaka , Aglietti Virginia , Damoulas Theodoros 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe competitive facility location problem arises when businesses plan to enter a new market or expand their presence. We introduce a Bayesian spatial interaction model which provides probabilistic estimates on location-specific revenues and then formulate a mathematical framework to simultaneously identify the location and design of new facilities that maximise revenue. To solve the allocation optimisation problem, we develop a hierarchical search algorithm and associated sampling techniques that explore geographic regions of varying spatial resolution. We demonstrate the approach by producing optimal facility locations and corresponding designs for two large-scale applications in the supermarket and pub sectors of Greater London.
The CIDER simulations: non-linear structure formation in the constrained interacting dark energy scenario
Authors: Baldi Marco 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe present for the first time a suite of cosmological simulations for a particular class of interacting Dark Energy cosmologies characterized by a background expansion history constrained to be indistinguishable from ΛCDM. Such Constrained Interacting Dark Energy scenario – or CIDER – has been recently proposed in the literature and has the appealing feature of suppressing structure formation at late times, thereby possibly alleviating the persisting σ8 tension while leaving background observables unaffected. A crucial step to assess the viability of such scenarios is then represented by quantifying their impact on structure formation at non-linear scales, which is what we start investigating with the simulations discussed in the present work. We show that – for reasonable parameter choices – the reconstructed scalar potential is close to an exponential for most of the matter dominated epoch, and that the non-linear evolution of structures in these models imprints specific footprints on matter and halo statistics that may allow to break degeneracies with standard cosmological parameters.
Peritoneal transformation shortly after kidney transplantation in pediatric patients with preceding chronic peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Zhang Conghui , Bartosova Maria , Marinovic Iva , Schwab Constantin , Schaefer Betti , Vondrak Karel , Ariceta Gema , Zaloszyc Ariane , Ranchin Bruno , Taylan Christina , Büscher Rainer , Oh Jun , Mehrabi Arianeb , Schmitt Claus Peter 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The unphysiological composition of peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids induces progressive peritoneal fibrosis, hypervascularization and vasculopathy. Information on these alterations after kidney transplantation (KTx) is scant.

Methods
Parietal peritoneal tissues were obtained from 81 pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5), 72 children on PD with low glucose degradation product (GDP) PD fluids, and from 20 children 4–8 weeks after KTx and preceding low-GDP PD. Tissues were analyzed by digital histomorphometry and quantitative immunohistochemistry.

Results
While chronic PD was associated with peritoneal hypervascularization, after KTx vascularization was comparable to CKD5 level. Submesothelial CD45 counts were 40% lower compared with PD, and in multivariable analyses independently associated with microvessel density. In contrast, peritoneal mesothelial denudation, submesothelial thickness and fibrin abundance, number of activated, submesothelial fibroblasts and of mesothelial–mesenchymal transitioned cells were similar after KTx. Diffuse peritoneal podoplanin positivity was present in 40% of the transplanted patients. In subgroups matched for age, PD vintage, dialytic glucose exposure and peritonitis incidence, submesothelial hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha abundance and angiopoietin 1/2 ratio were lower after KTx, reflecting vessel maturation, while arteriolar and microvessel p16 and cleaved Casp3 were higher. Submesothelial mast cell count and interleukin-6 were lower, whereas transforming growth factor-beta induced pSMAD2/3 was similar as compared with children on PD.

Conclusions
Peritoneal membrane damage induced with chronic administration of low-GDP PD fluids was less severe after KTx. While peritoneal microvessel density, primarily defining PD transport and ultrafiltration capacity, was normal after KTx and peritoneal inflammation less pronounced, diffuse podoplanin positivity and profibrotic activity were prevalent.
Modeling brain and neural crest neoplasms with human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Schloo Cedar , Kutscher Lena M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells offer unique avenues to study human-specific aspects of disease and are a highly versatile tool in cancer research. Oncogenic processes and developmental programs often share overlapping transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures, which can be reactivated in induced pluripotent stem cells. With the emergence of brain organoids, the ability to recapitulate brain development and structure has vastly improved, making in vitro models more realistic and hence more suitable for biomedical modeling. This review highlights recent research and current challenges in human pluripotent stem cell modeling of brain and neural crest neoplasms, and concludes with a call for more rigorous quality control and for the development of models for rare tumor subtypes.
Dissecting the genetic basis of heterosis in elite super-hybrid rice
Authors: Sun Zhizhong , Peng Jianxiang , Lv Qiming , Ding Jia , Chen Siyang , Duan Meijuan , He Qiang , Wu Jun , Tian Yan , Yu Dong , Tan Yanning , Sheng Xiabing , Chen Jin , Sun Xuewu , Liu Ling , Peng Rui , Liu Hai , Zhou Tianshun , Xu Na , Lou Jianhang , Yuan Longping , Wang Bingbing , Yuan Dingyang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Y900 is one of the top hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) varieties, with its yield exceeding 15 t·hm−2. To dissect the mechanism of heterosis, we sequenced the male parent line R900 and female parent line Y58S using long-read and Hi-C technology. High-quality reference genomes of 396.41 Mb and 398.24 Mb were obtained for R900 and Y58S, respectively. Genome-wide variations between the parents were systematically identified, including 1,367,758 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 299,149 insertions/deletions, and 4,757 structural variations. The level of variation between Y58S and R900 was the lowest among the comparisons of Y58S with other rice genomes. More than 75% of genes exhibited variation between the two parents. Compared with other two-line hybrids sharing the same female parent, the portion of Geng/japonica (GJ)-type genetic components from different male parents increased with yield increasing in their corresponding hybrids. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the partial dominance effect was the main genetic effect that constituted the heterosis of Y900. In the hybrid, both alleles from the two parents were expressed, and their expression patterns were dynamically regulated in different tissues. The cis-regulation was dominant for young panicle tissues, while trans-regulation was more common in leaf tissues. Overdominance was surprisingly prevalent in stems and more likely regulated by the trans-regulation mechanism. Additionally, R900 contained many excellent GJ haplotypes, such as NARROW LEAF1, Oryza sativa SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE13, and Grain number, plant height, and heading date8, making it a good complement to Y58S. The fine-tuned mechanism of heterosis involves genome-wide variation, GJ introgression, key functional genes, and dynamic gene/allele expression and regulation pattern changes in different tissues and growth stages.
Grain shattering by cell death and fracture in Eragrostis tef
Authors: Yu Yunqing , Beyene Getu , Villmer Justin , Duncan Keith E , Hu Hao , Johnson Toni , Doust Andrew N , Taylor Nigel J , Kellogg Elizabeth A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Abscission, known as shattering in crop species, is a highly regulated process by which plants shed parts. Although shattering has been studied extensively in cereals and a number of regulatory genes have been identified, much diversity in the process remains to be discovered. Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a crop native to Ethiopia that is potentially highly valuable worldwide for its nutritious grain and drought tolerance. Previous work has suggested that grain shattering in Eragrostis might have little in common with other cereals. In this study, we characterize the anatomy, cellular structure, and gene regulatory control of the abscission zone (AZ) in E. tef. We show that the AZ of E. tef is a narrow stalk below the caryopsis, which is common in Eragrostis species. X-ray microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunolocalization of cell wall components showed that the AZ cells are thin walled and break open along with programmed cell death (PCD) at seed maturity, rather than separating between cells as in other studied species. Knockout of YABBY2/SHATTERING1, documented to control abscission in several cereals, had no effect on abscission or AZ structure in E. tef. RNA sequencing analysis showed that genes related to PCD and cell wall modification are enriched in the AZ at the early seed maturity stage. These data show that E. tef drops its seeds using a unique mechanism. Our results provide the groundwork for understanding grain shattering in Eragrostis and further improvement of shattering in E. tef.
Lyric Machines: Insects in Seventeenth-Century Poetry
Authors: Sokolov Danila 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This essay addresses the intriguing frequency of insect lyrics in seventeenth-century English poetry. While dramatic developments in the scientific and artistic regimes, including the invention of the microscope and the rise of still-life painting, undoubtedly played a role in this proliferation of entomological texts, this essay suggests that the figure of the insect was also deployed by early modern poets to probe the formal and imaginative potentialities of lyric, a genre that assumed a prominence over the course of the seventeenth century. The diminutive size, brief lifespan, and intricate anatomy of insects resonate with the formal qualities of lyric as short, compressed, and technically demanding objects of poetic matter, and the ambivalent attitudes to insects embody the contradictions surrounding the early modern idea of lyric. By using the life of fleas, glowworms, flies, bees, and grasshoppers to think through questions of lyric ontology, early modern poets from Donne to Killigrew redraw the familiar contours of the lyric genre as a contested territory of fascination and disgust with insect poiesis caught between human and animal, nature and machine, and life and death.