bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Underrecognized and underreported emergency in ICIs-DM
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Chen Jiexiu , Bi Juan , Ding Nan , Chen Xin , Wang Zhuo , Jiao Yang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCombined diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is extremely rarely reported among ICIs- diabetes mellitus (DM) cases and is always ignored by physicians. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to recognize better the rare adverse event of combined DKA-HHS associated with immune checkpoints.MethodsA electronic search in Pubmed/Cochrane/Web of Science, complemented by manual searches in article references, was conducted to identify clinical features of ICIs-combined DKA-HHS.Resultswe identified 106 patients with ICIs- type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from 82 publications: 9 patients presented a coexistence of metabolic acidosis, severe hyperglycemia, and/or DKA; All patients were not diagnosed as combined DKA-HHS. Compared with ICIs-DKA patients, combined DKA-HHS cases were prone to higher hyperglycemia (1020 ± 102.5 vs 686.7 ± 252.6mg/dL). Moreover, acute kidney injury (87.5% vs 28.6%) and prior chemotherapy (66.7% vs 31.6%) showed higher occurrences with the onset of ICIs-HHS or combined DKA-HHS.BConclusionsCombined DKA-HHS portends a poor diagnosis in patients with coexistence features of DKA and HHS, which healthcare professionals and patients should be aware of due to differences in treatment. Our observational retrospective case series shows that patients with more risk factors were more likely to develop combined DKA-HHS. We are the first to report this group of patients’ clinical characteristics and outcomes.
Effectiveness of transverse tibial bone transport in treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Xing-xi , Xiu Zheng-zhong , Li Gui-chun , Zhang Ji-yuan , Shu Long-jun , Chen Zhong , Li Han , Zou Qing-feng , Zhou Quan 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDiabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs) are a common but highly morbid complication of long-standing diabetes, carrying high rates of associated major amputation and mortality. Transverse tibial bone transport (TTT) has recently been applied for treatment of DFUs with the aim of accelerating wound healing. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TTT in patients with DFUs.MethodsTwo authors independently retrieved the platforms of PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL, to identify studies associated with treatment of DFUs with TTT. Quantitative meta-analyses were performed to pool all available outcomes about the effectiveness and complications of TTT operation, with fixed- (I2&lt;50%) or random-effect (I2&gt;50%) model according to I2.ResultsA total of 7 studies, involving 818 participants, were included, with 661 participants treated with TTT operation. The pooled healing rate and limb salvage rate were 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93~0.98) and 0.98 (95%CI: 0.95~1.00) respectively after treatment with TTT. The pooled mean healing time was 15.03 (95%CI: 9.05~21.00) months. When compared with the pre-operative baseline values, the ankle-brachial index (ABI, MD: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.03~0.44; p&lt;0.001), skin temperature (MD: 1.56; 95%CI: 0.30~2.81; p&lt;0.001), and visual analogue scale (VAS, MD: 3.70; 95%CI: 1.97~5.44; p&lt;0.001) were significantly improved at the final follow-up. When compared with non-TTT group, the TTT group was associated with higher healing rate (OR: 10.43; 95%CI: 3.96~27.43; p&lt;0.001) and limb salvage rate (OR: 9.65; 95%CI: 3.30~28.20; p&lt;0.001). Concerning the complications of the TTT process, the pooled risks of fracture at transportation site and pin-site infection were 0.02 (95%CI: 0.00~0.04) and 0.08 (95%CI: 0.00~0.22), respectively; and the DFU recurrence rate in TTT group was significantly lowered comparing to that of the non-TTT group (RR: 0.18; 95%CI: 0.06~0.49; p=0.001).ConclusionsTTT operation was associated with high healing rate and limb salvage rate, and could significantly improve the ABI, skin temperature, and VAS after operation. When compared with the control group, TTT group provided significantly higher healing rate and limb salvage rate. However, TTT operation should be conducted with caution concerning the incidences of fracture at tibia, infection at pin channels and necrosis of skin overlying the anterior tibia.
Metabolic remodeling of glycerophospholipids acts as a signature of dulaglutide and liraglutide treatment in recent-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Du Juan , Xi Liuqing , Zhang Zhongxiao , Ge Xiaoxu , Li Wenyi , Peng Wenfang , Jiang Xiaohong , Liu Wen , Zhao Nan , Wang Xingyun , Guo Xirong , Huang Shan 
Published: January 2023

AimsAs metabolic remodeling is a pathological characteristic in type 2 diabetes (T2D), we investigate the roles of newly developed long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) such as dulaglutide and liraglutide on metabolic remodeling in patients with recent-onset T2D.MethodsWe recruited 52 cases of T2D and 28 control cases in this study. In the patient with T2D, 39 cases received treatment with dulaglutide and 13 cases received treatment with liraglutide. Using untargeted metabolomics analysis with broad-spectrum LC-MS, we tracked serum metabolic changes of the patients from the beginning to the end of follow-up (12th week).ResultsWe identified 198 metabolites that were differentially expressed in the patients with T2D, compared to the control group, in which 23 metabolites were significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose. Compared to pre-treatment, a total of 46 and 45 differentially regulated metabolites were identified after treatments with dulaglutide and liraglutide, respectively, in which the most differentially regulated metabolites belong to glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, a longitudinal integration analysis concurrent with diabetes case-control status revealed that metabolic pathways, such as the insulin resistance pathway and type 2 diabetes mellitus, were enriched after dulaglutide and liraglutide treatments. Proteins such as GLP-1R, GNAS, and GCG were speculated as potential targets of dulaglutide and liraglutide.ConclusionsIn total, a metabolic change in lipids existed in the early stage of T2D was ameliorated after the treatments of GLP-1RAs. In addition to similar effects on improving glycemic control, remodeling of glycerophospholipid metabolism was identified as a signature of dulaglutide and liraglutide treatments.
Development of greenhouse gas emissions baseline and identification of carbon offset cost for maritime vessels of a developing country
Authors: Semab Basra , Iqbal Kanwar Muhammad Javed , Amir Sarah , Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman 
Published: January 2023

Maritime transportation has drawn international attention due to the gradual rise and projected growth of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions resulting from fossil fuel consumption. It is alarming that the overall maritime transportation emissions are neither attended to nor mainstreamed under the transportation sector. The actual national inventory of GHG emissions vis-à-vis all types/sizes of maritime vessels is so far not established particularly in developing countries, which clearly indicates the inadequacy of their climate mitigation response. Accurate assessment of GHGs is essential to provide reliable input for climate policy, strategies, and decision-making processes by flag states. Therefore, the establishment of a baseline reference scenario by considering all types/sizes of maritime vessels is crucial to know the actual gravity of the problem, which is still unknown. This entailed the need to explore the actual extent of GHG emissions from the maritime transportation sector. In this context, the present study tried to assess the potential GHG emissions from maritime vessels by undertaking the case of Pakistan and using the top-down approach, which took into account fuel consumption and emission factors for GHGs. It revealed that 2,468,789.21 tonnes of GHGs (CO2e) are being emitted annually from the maritime vessels of Pakistan, which is 4.9% of the overall transport sector emissions of the country. Carbon offset cost of 37, 031, 838.14 US$/annum and approximately 20,020 hectares of mature mangrove forest to remove 2,468,789.21 metric tonnes of CO2e emissions from the atmosphere in a timeline of 1 year are required to become carbon neutral. It is anticipated that this study’s outcome will serve as a baseline reference scenario for national GHG inventory and help in devising climate mitigation responses for maritime vessels by bridging the existing knowledge gap.
Sensitivity of river ecological baseflow to climate change in arid areas
Authors: Hu Keke , He Jiancun , Danierhan Sulitan , Tuerxun Yiliyasi 
Published: January 2023

River ecological baseflow is key to river ecosystem health and stability and has become particularly important with global climate change aggravation. By considering the Niya River Basin in Xinjiang, based on meteorological data from 1958 to 2021 and hydrological data from 1978 to 2018, the Tennant method was determined to be the best basin ecological baseflow calculation method, the M–K test was used to analyze the abrupt ecological baseflow and climate change characteristics, and the ecological baseflow regression response and sensitivity coefficient models concerning climate change were established. The results showed that 75% of the ecological baseflow in the Niya River Basin ranged from 15 to 31 m3•s−1 in 1978–2018, the average annual temperature increased by 1.6°C at a 0.22°C•(10a)−1 rate, and the annual precipitation increased by 6.3 mm at a 0.98 mm•(10a)−1 rate. The prediction accuracy of the regression model was good, R2 exceeded 0.7, the ecological baseflow response to climate change lagged, and precipitation greatly impacted ecological baseflow. The basin sensitivity coefficient showed a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream, with the annual maximum value in 2010, the minimum value in 1984, the monthly maximum value in April and the monthly minimum value in November. Based on the climate change trend and the social water use of the basin, the ecological baseflow protection targets and measures were proposed according to the season and the hydrological period for actual water resource management and scheduling of the river in this and similar regions.
The roles for branch shelters and sheep manure to accelerate the restoration of degraded grasslands in northern China
Authors: Liu Jing , Schneider Rebecca L. , Morreale Stephen J. , Wang Hongmei , Wang Ruixia , Wang Fang , Li Zhigang 
Published: January 2023

New strategies are desperately needed for restoring the millions of hectares of degraded grasslands in arid and semiarid areas of northern China. This study evaluated using different combinations of manure amendments and shrub branch shelters for their impacts on soil moisture, nutrient availability, and plant growth over two growing seasons in a degraded grassland in Ningxia, China. A two-factor experiment was conducted, with three concentrations of 1.2 g m−2, 442 g m−2, and 884 g m−2 native Tan sheep manure as the main plots. Cut caragana (Caragana intermedia) branches were used to create branch shelters covering 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of ground area, and these acted as sub-main plots. Soil water storage, soil temperature, manure decomposition, branch decomposition, soil nutrients, and plant growth were monitored for 2 years. Results indicated that soil water storage was significantly increased, and soil temperature decreased, under the 40% and 60% branch shelters. Decomposition rate of manure and shrub branches also increased with increasing soil water availability associated with the higher branch sheltering effects, although soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations were primarily driven by the decomposing manure. The combination of high levels of shrub branch shelter and manure application significantly enhanced plant production, although the bulk of the biomass was concentrated in one species, Artemisia scoparia. In conclusion, our study successfully demonstrated feasible and inexpensive solution for the restoration of degraded grasslands, which takes advantage of resources associated with overgrazing Tan sheep and Caragana shrub encroachment in arid and semiarid areas.
Sensitivity of WRF multiple parameterization schemes to extreme precipitation event over the Poyang Lake Basin of China
Authors: Deng Chao , Chi Yongxiang , Huang Yuansen , Jiang Caiying , Su Lingjun , Lin Hui , Jiang Lizhi , Guan Xiaojun , Gao Lu 
Published: January 2023

Global warming leads to more frequent and more violent extreme weather events, which cause severe natural disasters. The sensitivity of physical schemes in numerical weather prediction models for extreme precipitation is a significant challenge. To simulate a heavy precipitation process from 1 July 2020 to 10 July 2020 over the Poyang Lake Basin, where floods occur frequently, the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) was employed. The observation (OBS) from 92 meteorological stations was applied to evaluate WRF performance. To assess the optimal parameter, 27 combinations of multiphysics schemes based on three cumulus schemes (CUs), three microphysical schemes (MPs) and three land surface schemes (LSMs) were employed in WRF simulation. The Euclid distance (ED) was derived to evaluate the performance of the modelled total cumulative precipitation (TCP). The results showed that the simulation generally reproduced the spatial distribution of precipitation and captured the storm centre. In general, WRF underestimated the observation for most areas but overestimated the observation in the northeastern part of the basin. For total cumulative precipitation (TCP), the spatial correlation coefficients ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. M11 had the highest value of 0.796. The scores (TS, POD, FAR) of M15 were 0.66, 0.79, and 0.21, respectively. With the maximum similarity of 0.518, M7 (BMJ-WDM6-Noah) showed the best performance in ED based on six evaluation metrics. The mean values of OBS and M19 were 259.34 and 218.33 mm, respectively. M19 (NT-Thompson-Noah) was closest to the OBS for the range of the TCP. In terms of daily precipitation, the CC of M3 was maximum (0.96), and the RMSE of M24 was minimum (11.9 mm. day-1). The minimum error between the simulation and OBS was found for M3 (NT-Thompson-Noah). Therefore, with a comprehensive evaluation, five optimal combinations of physical schemes (M22, M19, M9, M3, M21) were found for the PLB, which is of great significance for extreme precipitation simulation and flood forecasting.
Development of a novel pyroptosis-related LncRNA signature with multiple significance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhong Guangcai , Guo Chong , Shang Yangli , Cui Zelong , Zhou Minran , Sun Mingshan , Fu Yue , Zhang Lu , Feng Huimin , Chen Chunyan 
Published: January 2023

Background: Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death (PCD) with highly inflammatory form, has been recently found to be associated with the origin of hematopoietic malignancies. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) had emerged as an essential mediator to regulate gene expression and been involved in oncogenesis. However, the roles of pyroptosis-related lncRNA (PRlncRNA) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not yet been completely clarified.Methods: We collected AML datasets from public databases to obtain PRlncRNA associated with survival and constructed a PRlncRNA signature using Lasso-Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, we employed RT-PCR to confirm its expression difference and internal training to further verify its reliability. Next, AML patients were classified into two subgroups by the median risk score. Finally, the differences between two groups in immune infiltration, enrichment analysis and drug sensitivity were further explored.Results: A PRlncRNA signature and an effective nomogram combined with clinicopathological variables to predict the prognosis of AML were constructed. The internal validations showed that the PRlncRNA risk score model was an accurate and productive indicator to predict the outcome of AML. Furthermore, this study indicated that higher inflammatory cell and immunosuppressive cells, and less sensitive to conventional chemotherapy drugs were highlighted in the high-risk group.Conclusion: Through comprehensive analysis of PRlncRNA model, our study may offer a valuable basis for future researches in targeting pyroptosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) and provide new measures for prevention and treatment in AML.
siMS score- method for quantification of metabolic syndrome, confirms co-founding factors of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic V. , Petrovic H. , Dobrosavljevic D. , Colak E. , Ivanovic N. , Gostiljac D. , Ilic S. , Nikolic D. , Gacic J. , Soldatovic I. 
Published: January 2023

Background: Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ, a highly active metabolic tissue, and an important source of cytokines. Inflammatory factors play an important role in visceral obesity associated with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS), hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), endothelial dysfunction (ED) and atherosclerosis.Objectives: To examine corelation of siMS score, as a quantification method for metabolic syndrome (MS), with insulin resistance, glucoregulation parameters, as with other co-founding factors of MS, inflammation and thrombosis factors, microalbuminuria, uric acid, fatty liver index (FLI) and homocysteine.Methods: The study included 451 obese individuals with pre–metabolic syndrome (pre-MS) and MS (age 16–75, body mass index (BMI) &gt; 25kg/m2) classified into two groups: I-age 10–30 (167 patients); II-age 31–75 (284 patients). International Diabetes Federation (IDF) classification was applied for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Patients with less than three criteria indicated below were considered pre-metabolic syndrome. siMS risk score was used.Results: siMS score increased with age: I-3.03 ± 0.87, II-3.27 ± 0.90. siMS score correlated with associated factors of MS: hyperinsulinemia and IR, ALT, gama-GT, FLI, uric acid in both groups and CRP (p &lt; 0.01) in group I. Correlations in II group: siMS score with PAI-1 (p = 0.01), microalbuminuria (p = 0.006), homocysteine ​​(p = 0.076).Conclusion: Correlation of siMS score with HOMA-IR confirmed that hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance are in the basis of MS. Correlation of siMS score with parameters of NAFLD, CRP, PAI-1, uric acid, microalbuminuria and homocysteine indicates that they are significant co-founding factors of MS. Correlation of siMS score with PAI-1, microalbuminuria, homocysteine, indicates higher risk for progression of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis with age.
Two novel variants in CEP152 caused Seckel syndrome 5 in a Chinese family
Authors: Zhang Li , Teng Yanling , Hu Haoran , Zhu Huimin , Wen Juan , Liang Desheng , Li Zhuo , Wu Lingqian 
Published: January 2023

Background:Seckel syndrome (SCKL) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder, which is mainly characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restrictions, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and a typical “bird-head” facial appearance. Here, we aimed to identify the genetic etiology of a family with suspected SCKL.Methods:This study enrolled a Chinese family suspected of SCKL with their detailed family history and clinical data. We performed karyotype analysis, copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and trio whole-exome sequencing (WES) to explore the genetic etiology in the proband. Furthermore, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of novel variants.Results:The karyotype analysis and CNV-seq were normal in the proband. Two novel variants inCEP152, c.1060C&gt;T (p.Arg354*) and c.1414-14A&gt;G, were identified in the proband through trio-WES. The qPCR results showed that the totalCEP152mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in c.1060C&gt;T (p.Arg354*) and c.1414-14A&gt;G compared with healthy control individuals. Moreover, aberrant skipping of exon 12 due to the non-canonical splice-site variant was revealed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing.Conclusion:Our findings expanded pathogenic variant spectra in SCKL and offered new insights into the pathogenicity of a non-classical splice-site variant inCEP152, which provided additional information for helping the family improve pregnancy plans in the future.
How many missed abortions are caused by embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and what are their risk factors?
Authors: Li Xin , Kang Han , Yin Huifeng , Liu Tianjiao , Hou Qiannan , Yu Xiaolan , Guo Yuanlin , Shen Wei , Ge Huisheng , Zeng Xiaoyan , Lu Kangmu , Xiong Ying 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Though embryonic chromosome abnormalities have been reported to be the most common cause of missed abortions, previous studies have mainly focused on embryonic chromosome abnormalities of missed abortions, with very few studies reporting that of non-missed abortion. Without chromosome studies of normal abortion samples, it is impossible to determine the risk factors of embryo chromosome abnormalities and missed abortion. This study aimed to investigate the maternal and embryonic chromosome characteristics of missed and non-missed abortion, to clarify the questions that how many missed abortions are caused by embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and what are their risk factors.Material and methods: This study was conducted on 131 women with missed or non-missed abortion from the Longitudinal Missed Abortion Study (LoMAS). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between maternal covariates and embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and missed abortions. Data on the characteristics of women with abortions were collected.Results: The embryonic chromosome abnormality rate was only 3.9% in non-missed abortion embryos, while it was 64.8% in missed-abortion embryos. Assisted reproductive technology and prior missed abortions increased the risk of embryonic chromosome abnormalities by 1.637 (95% CI: 1.573, 4.346. p = 0.010) and 3.111 (95% CI: 1.809, 7.439. (p &lt; 0.001) times, respectively. In addition, as the age increased by 1 year, the risk of embryonic chromosome abnormality increased by 14.4% (OR: 1.144, 95% CI: 1.030, 1.272. p = 0.012). Moreover, advanced age may lead to different distributions of chromosomal abnormality types.Conclusion: Nearly two-thirds of missed abortions are caused by embryonic chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, advanced age, assisted reproductive technology, and prior missed abortions increase the risk of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities.