bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstruction of biodiversity conservation by minimum patch size criteria
Authors: Riva Federico , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMinimum patch size criteria for habitat protection reflect the conservation principle that a single large (SL) patch of habitat has higher biodiversity than several small (SS) patches of the same total area (SL > SS). Nonetheless, this principle is often incorrect, and biodiversity conservation requires placing more emphasis on protection of large numbers of small patches (SS > SL). We used a global database reporting the abundances of species across hundreds of patches to assess the SL > SS principle in systems where small patches are much smaller than the typical minimum patch size criteria applied for biodiversity conservation (i.e., ∼85% of patches <100 ha). The 76 metacommunities we examined included 4401 species in 1190 patches. From each metacommunity, we resampled species–area accumulation curves to evaluate how biodiversity responded to habitat existing as a few large patches or as many small patches. Counter to the SL > SS principle and consistent with previous syntheses, species richness accumulated more rapidly when adding several small patches (45.2% SS > SL vs. 19.9% SL > SS) to reach the same cumulative area, even for the very small patches in our data set. Responses of taxa to habitat fragmentation differed, which suggests that when a given total area of habitat is to be protected, overall biodiversity conservation will be most effective if that habitat is composed of as many small patches as possible, plus a few large ones. Because minimum patch size criteria often require larger patches than the small patches we examined, our results suggest that such criteria hinder efforts to protect biodiversity.
A systematic approach for transcatheter mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair of isolated commissure prolapse
Authors: Seo Masahiro , Watanabe Tetsuya , Kikuchi Atsushi , Shirakawa Yukitoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough transcatheter mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) has been widely used for non‐central degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR), few reports have described therapeutic strategies for commissure prolapse. Furthermore, no standard approach for TEER for commissure has established. Thus, we categorized various grasping strategies into three patterns, and proposed a promising systematic strategy to observe three possible grasping patterns for identifying appropriate grasping target. Here, we report a successful TEER case of isolated posterior commissure prolapse in which we used a systematic approach.
Potential response of dark carbon fixation to global warming in estuarine and coastal waters
Authors: Qi Lin , Zheng Yanling , Hou Lijun , Liu Bolin , Zhou Jie , An Zhirui , Wu Li , Chen Feiyang , Lin Zhuke , Yin Guoyu , Dong Hongpo , Li Xiaofei , Liang Xia , Liu Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDark carbon fixation (DCF), through which chemoautotrophs convert inorganic carbon to organic carbon, is recognized as a vital process of global carbon biogeochemical cycle. However, little is known about the response of DCF processes in estuarine and coastal waters to global warming. Using radiocarbon labelling method, the effects of temperature on the activity of chemoautotrophs were investigated in benthic water of the Yangtze estuarine and coastal areas. A dome‐shaped thermal response pattern was observed for DCF rates (i.e., reduced rates at lower or higher temperatures), with the optimum temperature (Topt) varying from about 21.9 to 32.0°C. Offshore sites showed lower Topt values and were more vulnerable to global warming compared with nearshore sites. Based on temperature seasonality of the study area, it was estimated that warming would accelerate DCF rate in winter and spring but inhibit DCF activity in summer and fall. However, at an annual scale, warming showed an overall promoting effect on DCF rates. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the dominant chemoautotrophic carbon fixation pathways in the nearshore area were Calvin‐Benson‐Bassham (CBB) cycle, while the offshore sites were co‐dominated by CBB and 3‐hydroxypropionate/4‐hydroxybutyrate cycles, which may explain the differential temperature response of DCF along the estuarine and coastal gradients. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating DCF thermal response into biogeochemical models to accurately estimate the carbon sink potential of estuarine and coastal ecosystems in the context of global warming.
Spatial phylogenetics
Authors: Mishler Brent D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe metric called phylogenetic diversity (PD) has been employed over the last 30 years to add an evolutionary dimension to the exploration of biodiversity. However, the application of PD was until recently limited by both technology and methodology. Newly available distributional data from global museum databasing efforts, rapidly increasing coverage of DNA sequence data and improvements to computer hardware and software have enabled a new ‘big data’ approach to the application of PD‐based metrics and randomization‐based hypothesis tests called ‘spatial phylogenetics’. It can be defined most simply as turning a phylogeny into a GIS layer, which can then be used with other GIS layers to understand drivers of phylodiversity patterns and for conservation prioritization. Alpha and beta phylodiversity can be measured using different ways of representing branch lengths on a given topology (called ‘facets’), each yielding a different, interesting perspective that are best viewed in combination. Challenges posed by available data need to be addressed through careful cleaning and gathering further data in a targeted manner. Spatial phylogenetics is only in its infancy, showing much promise but with many elements awaiting expansion to address further questions.
Evaluation of a family liaison officer role introduced during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed methods study
Authors: Walsby Alex , O'Connor Louise , Best Stephanie , Williams Sharon J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRationaleThe restrictions to hospital visiting for carers and relatives during the pandemic were unprecedented. To ensure patients could stay in touch with their relatives and carers new liaison roles were introduced.Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to report on the evaluation of a Family Liaison Officer (FLO) role to understand the rationale for introducing the role along with the challenges and benefits of its implementation.MethodsA concurrent mixed methods design was used, triangulating both semi structured interviews and online surveys. Data were collected during 2021 from postholders, patients/relatives and key stakeholders.ResultsThe family liaison officer role occupies a key brokering role between clinical teams and patients/relatives. All participants agreed the importance of the role particularly in relation to communication. Postholders noted issues around clarity of scope of practice. Patients reported the social benefits of the FLOs particularly in relation to technology. There was also key learning in terms of induction, training and line management of this nonprofessional role.ConclusionThere is limited research that evaluates emerging nonprofessional roles that connect clinical teams and patients/relatives. This evaluation study although limited to one organisation provides important insights to the strategic and operational learning to introducing a family liaison officer role during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Advanced glycation end products for preoperative frailty screening in older cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Smoor Rosa M. , van Dongen Eric P. A. , Verwijmeren Lisa , Emmelot‐Vonk Mariëlle H. , Vernooij Lisette M. , Cremer Olaf L. , Noordzij Peter G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are potential biomarkers of biological age. Skin Auto Fluorescence (SAF) can assess AGEs non‐invasively. We evaluated the association of SAF levels with frailty and its predictive ability for adverse outcomes in older cardiac surgery patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired data from a two‐center observational cohort study. We measured SAF level in cardiac surgery patients aged ≥70. Primary outcome was preoperative frailty. A comprehensive frailty assessment was performed before surgery based on 11 individual tests assessing the physical, mental, and social domain. Frailty was defined as at least 1 positive test in each domain. Secondary outcome measures were severe postoperative complications and a composite endpoint of 1‐year disability (defined by WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) questionnaire) or mortality.ResultsAmong 555 enrolled patients, 122 (22%) were frail. SAF level was most strongly associated with dependent living status (aRR 2.45 (95% CI 1.28–4.66)) and impaired cognition (aRR 1.61 (95% CI 1.10–2.34)). A decision algorithm to identify frail patients including SAF level, sex, prescription drugs, preoperative hemoglobin, and EuroSCORE II resulted in a C‐statistic of 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.77). SAF level was also associated with disability or death after 1 year (aRR 1.38 (95% CI 1.06–1.80)). The aRR for severe complications was 1.28 (95% CI 0.87–1.88).ConclusionsHigher SAF level is associated with frailty in older cardiac surgery patients, as well as an increased risk of death or disability. This biomarker could potentially optimize preoperative risk stratification for cardiac surgery.
Using PDO threads: A scarcely studied rejuvenation technique. Case report and systematic review
Authors: Contreras Candelaria , Ariza‐Donado Amin , Ariza‐Fontalvo Amin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThread lifting procedures for facial rejuvenation have made great strides with the development of absorbable threads. Although they have gained fame among plastic surgeons and dermatologists, there have been very few studies published in scientific articles on the effects of absorbable threads in facial rejuvenation, as well as few studies published by aesthetic physicians. The most effective and efficient techniques to determine the adequate place to insert the reabsorbable thread, and the different ways to evaluate the effectiveness of these aesthetic procedures, are still unknown.ObjectivesThis review aims to identify, in the scientific literature, the evaluation techniques for a safe and correct insertion of PDO threads in facial rejuvenation procedures.MethodologyA review of scientific literature was performed using the following list of keywords, descriptors, or thesauri: PDO threads, aesthetics, facial rejuvenation. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used for the literature search. Articles from years 2012–2022 were selected. The reference lists of the identified articles were included. (16) out of (35) articles associated with the topic were selected. Simple and compound searches were performed with the keywords and very few rigorous studies about the use of PDO threads for aesthetic procedures were found.ResultsVery few rigorous scientific studies on the use of PDO threads for facial rejuvenation procedures were found. There is a strong theoretical and methodological gap on this subject, and, also, on the evaluation techniques that could be used for the safe and correct insertion of the threads.ConclusionThe bibliographic information found shows a huge theoretical and methodological gap in the subject of procedures for facial rejuvenation with PDO threads, as well as the techniques and tools employed to guarantee the correct insertion of the threads.
A challenge of deep‐learning‐based object detection for hair follicle dataset
Authors: Lv Wei , Chen Tao , Zeng Yifan , Liu Weihong , Huang Chuying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeep‐learning object detection has been applied in various industries, including healthcare, to address hair loss.MethodsIn this paper, YOLOv5 object detection algorithm was used to detect hair follicles in a small and specific image dataset collected using a specialized camera on the scalp of individuals with different ages, regions, and genders. The performance of YOLOv5 was compared with other popular object detection models.ResultsYOLOv5 performed well in the detection of hair follicles, and the follicles were classified into five classes based on the number of hairs and the type of hair contained. In single‐class object detection experiments, a smaller batch size and the smallest YOLOv5s model achieved the best results, with an map of 0.8151. In multiclass object detection experiments, the larger YOLOv5l model was able to achieve the best results, and batch size affected the result of model training.ConclusionYOLOv5 is a promising algorithm for detecting hair follicles in a small and specific image dataset, and its performance is comparable to other popular object detection models. However, the challenges of small‐scale data and sample imbalance need to be addressed to improve the performance of target detection algorithms.
Timing is everything: A connection between medulloblastoma prognosis and foetal cerebellar development
Authors: Williamson Daniel , Schwalbe Edward C. , Bailey Simon , Clifford Steven C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe childhood brain tumour medulloblastoma is typically classified into multiple discrete molecular subgroups with characteristic DNA methylation and expression patterns. Several of these subgroups are used as, or proposed to be, an effective basis for treatment stratification. Here, we highlight the close connection between the findings described in a recent series of studies which, together, strongly imply a continuous association between survival outcome, the transcriptional profile of a Group3/Group4 (i.e. non‐WNT/non‐SHH) medulloblastoma and the specific point during early foetal cerebellar development at which initial pathogenic disruption took place. This has important implications for future efforts to model the disease by incorporating driving molecular features into their specific developmental context. This further suggests that instead of relying upon discrete DNA methylation subgroups, using expression biomarkers as the basis of a continuous risk predictor may produce a more effective risk stratification of patients with Group3/Group4 medulloblastoma.
Tuberous sclerosis complex‐1 (TSC1) contributes to selective neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Adriaanse Bryan A. , Brady Sinead , Wang Minghui , Beard Daniel J. , Spencer Jonathan I. , Pansieri Jonathan , Sutherland Brad A. , Esiri Margaret M. , Buchan Alastair M. , Cader Zameel , Zhang Bin , DeLuca Gabriele C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsSelective neuronal vulnerability of hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA)‐1 neurons is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with an unknown underlying mechanism. We interrogated the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex‐1 (TSC1; hamartin) and mTOR‐related proteins in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields.MethodsA human post‐mortem cohort of mild (n = 7) and severe (n = 10) AD and non‐neurological controls (n = 9) was used for quantitative and semi‐quantitative analyses. We also developed an in vitro TSC1 knockdown model in rat hippocampal neurons, and transcriptomic analyses of TSC1 knockdown neuronal cultures were performed.ResultsWe found a selective increase of TSC1 cytoplasmic inclusions in human AD CA1 neurons with hyperactivation of one of TSC1's downstream targets, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex‐1 (mTORC1), suggesting that TSC1 is no longer active in AD. TSC1 knockdown experiments showed accelerated cell death independent of amyloid‐beta toxicity. Transcriptomic analyses of TSC1 knockdown neuronal cultures revealed signatures that were significantly enriched for AD‐related pathways.ConclusionsOur combined data point to TSC1 dysregulation as a key driver of selective neuronal vulnerability in the AD hippocampus. Future work aimed at identifying targets amenable to therapeutic manipulation is urgently needed to halt selective neurodegeneration, and by extension, debilitating cognitive impairment characteristic of AD.
Progress in vaccine development for infectious diseases—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Graham Barney S. , Koup Richard A. , Seder Robert A. , Karikó Katalin , Pardi Norbert , Barouch Dan H. , Sharma Bhawna , Rauch Susanne , Nachbagauer Raffael , Forsell Mattias N. E. , Schotsaert Michael , Ellebedy Ali H. , Loré Karin , Irvine Darrell J. , Pilkington Emily , Tahtinen Siri , Thompson Elizabeth A. , Feraoun Yanis , King Neil P. , Saunders Kevin , Alter Galit , Moin Syed M. , Sliepen Kwinten , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B. , Wardemann Hedda , Pulendran Bali , Doria‐Rose Nicole A. , He Wan‐Ting , Juno Jennifer A. , Ataca Sila , Wheatley Adam K. , McLellan Jason S. , Walker Laura M. , Lederhofer Julia , Lindesmith Lisa C. , Wille Holger , Hotez Peter J. , Bekker Linda‐Gail 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has taught us many things, among the most important of which is that vaccines are one of the cornerstones of public health that help make modern longevity possible. While several different vaccines have been successful at stemming the morbidity and mortality associated with various infectious diseases, many pathogens/diseases remain recalcitrant to the development of effective vaccination. Recent advances in vaccine technology, immunology, structural biology, and other fields may yet yield insight that will address these diseases; they may also help improve societies’ preparedness for future pandemics. On June 1–4, 2022, experts in vaccinology from academia, industry, and government convened for the Keystone symposium “Progress in Vaccine Development for Infectious Diseases” to discuss state‐of‐the‐art technologies, recent advancements in understanding vaccine‐mediated immunity, and new aspects of antigen design to aid vaccine effectiveness.
Oral lichen planus in children: An Italian case series
Authors: Spirito Francesca , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Lo Muzio Eleonora , Campisi Giuseppina , Santarelli Andrea , Lo Russo Lucio , Rubini Corrado , Favia Gianfranco , Limongelli Luisa , Coppola Noemi , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Leuci Stefania 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOral lichen planus usually occurs in adults; there are no clear data regarding the incidence and the clinical features of oral lichen planus in children. This paper reports clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes of 13 Italian patients with oral lichen planus in childhood diagnosed between 2001 and 2021. The most common finding was keratotic lesions with reticular or papular/plaque‐like patterns, confined to the tongue in seven patients. Although oral lichen planus in childhood is rare and the malignant transformation index is unknown, specialists must be aware of its characteristics and oral mucosal lesions must be correctly diagnosed and managed.
How can care managers strengthen health literacy among patients with common mental disorders? A qualitative study
Authors: Nejati Shabnam , Törnbom Karin , Hange Dominique , Björkelund Cecilia , Svenningsson Irene 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn order for persons with mental illness to be able to promote and preserve their health, sufficient knowledge about health is required. An effective means to improve the health of the patients is to strengthen their health literacy. The aim of this study was to explore how care managers work with health literacy in patients with common mental disorders to help them to better understand and manage their illness.MethodA qualitative study was conducted, using written reports from 25 care managers regarding meetings with patients with common mental disorders in the primary care in a Swedish region. The care managers' reports were coded based on Sörensen's four dimensions for the domain “health care” and analysed deductively through systematic text condensation according to Malterud.ResultsThe care managers described how they worked strategically and continuously with follow‐up and wanted to be responsive to the patients' stories. They confirmed the patients' feelings with the goal of creating increased interaction, thereby involving the patients in their own care. The care managers also worked actively to provide well‐balanced care at an early stage. Using various tools such as self‐assessment instruments, the care manager started from the patient's basic problem, gave support and discussed strategies based on the patient's condition and situation.ConclusionsThe care managers used multifaceted health literacy interventions. They worked in a person‐centred, strategic and encouraging manner based on the patient's unique conditions, where sensitivity and adapted information were important aspects. The aim of the interventions was for the patients to become knowledgeable, gain new insights and work independently with their own health.
Australian perspectives on artificial intelligence in veterinary practice
Authors: Currie Geoff , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence , Carstens Ann 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile artificial intelligence (AI) and recent developments in deep learning (DL) have sparked interest in medical imaging, there has been little commentary on the impact of AI on the veterinarian and veterinary imaging technologists. This survey study aimed to understand the attitudes, applications, and concerns among veterinarians and radiography professionals in Australia regarding the rapidly emerging applications of AI. An anonymous online survey was circulated to the members of three Australian veterinary professional organizations. The survey invitations were shared via email and social media with the survey open for 5 months. Among the 84 respondents, there was a high level of acceptance of lower order tasks (e.g., patient registration, triage, and dispensing) and less acceptance of high order task automation (e.g., surgery and interpretation). There was a low priority perception for the role of AI in higher order tasks (e.g., diagnosis, interpretation, and decision making) and high priority for those applications that automate complex tasks (e.g., quantitation, segmentation, reconstruction) or improve image quality (e.g., dose/noise reduction and pseudo CT for attenuation correction). Medico‐legal, ethical, diversity, and privacy issues posed moderate or high concern while there appeared to be no concern regarding AI being clinically useful and improving efficiency. Mild concerns included redundancy, training bias, transparency, and validity. Australian veterinarians and veterinary professionals recognize important applications of AI for assisting with repetitive tasks, performing less complex tasks, and enhancing the quality of outputs in medical imaging. There are concerns relating to ethical aspects of algorithm development and implementation.
Design and Validation of Symmetrical Elastic Elements in Series Elastic Actuator
Authors: Pei Ruzhen , Cao Xibin , Wei Cheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the demand for robot joint compliance increased with more complex human–robot interaction scenarios. Series elastic actuators (SEAs) are extensively utilized in multiple fields with abilities to provide accurate force control and energy storage. As the main flexible component in SEA, the accurate modeling of the stiffness of the elastic element is essential. However, the existing stiffness models based on classical Euler–Bernoulli beam theory contain large errors with the actual situation, which increases the difficulty of design. In this paper, a typical elastic element is analyzed by the finite element method to investigate its stiffness properties with different geometric parameters. A more accurate stiffness model is proposed for designing elastic elements. The stiffness model is validated by designed experiments, with a fitting accuracy of 98.27%, which significantly exceeds the stiffness model based on classical beam theory. The proposed stiffness model can be applied to design elastic elements that meet specific stiffness requirements.