bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding measures: Random walks and rigidity on homogeneous spaces
Authors: Prohaska Roland , Sert Cagri , Shi Ronggang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Let G be a real Lie group,

$\Lambda <G$

a lattice and

$H\leqslant G$

a connected semisimple subgroup without compact factors and with finite center. We define the notion of H-expanding measures

$\mu $

on H and, applying recent work of Eskin–Lindenstrauss, prove that

$\mu $

-stationary probability measures on

$G/\Lambda $

are homogeneous. Transferring a construction by Benoist–Quint and drawing on ideas of Eskin–Mirzakhani–Mohammadi, we construct Lyapunov/Margulis functions to show that H-expanding random walks on

$G/\Lambda $

satisfy a recurrence condition and that homogeneous subspaces are repelling. Combined with a countability result, this allows us to prove equidistribution of trajectories in

$G/\Lambda $

for H-expanding random walks and to obtain orbit closure descriptions. Finally, elaborating on an idea of Simmons–Weiss, we deduce Birkhoff genericity of a class of measures with respect to some diagonal flows and extend their applications to Diophantine approximation on similarity fractals to a nonconformal and weighted setting.
The eleventh cohomology group of
Authors: Canning Samir , Larson Hannah , Payne Sam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove that the rational cohomology group$H^{11}(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n})$vanishes unless$g = 1$and$n \geq 11$. We show furthermore that$H^k(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n})$is pure Hodge–Tate for all even$k \leq 12$and deduce that$\# \overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}(\mathbb {F}_q)$is surprisingly well approximated by a polynomial inq. In addition, we use$H^{11}(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{1,11})$and its image under Gysin push-forward for tautological maps to produce many new examples of moduli spaces of stable curves with nonvanishing odd cohomology and nontautological algebraic cycle classes in Chow cohomology.
The Textbook Masturbator: A Renegotiated Discourse in Official Swedish Sex-Education Guidelines and Textbooks, circa 1945–2000
Authors: Prytz Sara Backman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe educational mission of most western schools today includes the nurturing of children’s sexual upbringing, which many scholars see as a way of controlling their sexuality and forming them into “sexual citizens.” This article examines how official Swedish school guidelines and textbooks have mediated sexuality norms through education on masturbation. The professional discourse on masturbation started to change during the first half of the twentieth century, when masturbation shifted from being perceived as something harmful to something accepted as natural and harmless. This article focuses on a period following that shift in opinion: circa 1945-2000. The analysis shows that boys’ sexuality during this time received more attention than girls’, and a strong new norm about sex contributed to masturbation taking on less importance than heterosexual intercourse within a relationship. This article shows how state-controlled curricula have created norms about gender and sexuality, thus contributing to the development of a sexual citizenship.
On land, memory, and masculinity: unearthing silences around myths of Gallipoli in Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s Ahlat Ağacı (The Wild Pear Tree)
Authors: Adak Hülya , Akser Murat 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article offers a critical reading of Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s Ahlat Ağacı (The Wild Pear Tree) through an exploration and critique of the mythmaking and monumentalization surrounding the Gallipoli Battle and the multiple ways in which Ceylan’s film unsettles the foundational myths of the last century in Turkey. Ceylan’s scenes and characters are constructed in such a way that the male characters and particularly Sinan (the main character) refuse to succumb to hegemonic codes of masculinity. Through this cinematic refusal by an anti-hero (Sinan), the film addresses the crisis of hegemonic masculinities in their interconnectedness to militarism, nationalism, capitalism, and heteronormativity. Through Sinan’s quest for self-realization, the film signals not only the impotence and vanity of nationalist masculinities but also the caesuras and instabilities in national myths. As the last film of Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s new Land of Ghosts trilogy, which started with Once Upon a Time in Anatolia and Winter Sleep, Ahlat Ağacı seems to close the cycle with a final scene that bespeaks the possibility of unearthing lost others of national mythmaking, bringing fertility and hope to the lands in which collective amnesia reigns supreme.
Asian American Racial Threat and Support for Racially Discriminatory Policy
Authors: Thompson Andrew Ifedapo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcross a series of experiments, I show that racial threat from a stereotypically nonthreatening racial minority group, Asian Americans, has a direct impact on white Americans' views of discrimination toward the group. When white Americans learn the group is growing, they feel a distinct racial threat which decreases support for the idea that Asian Americans experience discrimination while simultaneously increasing support for policy which actively discriminates against Asian Americans. I show this concept to be portable over context, examining support for discriminatory policy toward Asians in education policy and COVID-19 policy. I conclude by discussing the implications for how racial threat can drive more racial conflict while simultaneously decreasing the perception that this discrimination is occurring.
Quantification of pollen viability in Lantana camara by digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Goyal Nishant , Prasad Abhishek , Babu Suresh , Khare Kedar , Yadav Gitanjali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pollen grains represent the male gametes of seed plants and their viability is critical for sexual reproduction in the plant life cycle. Palynology and viability studies have traditionally been used to address a range of botanical, ecological and geological questions, but recent work has revealed the importance of pollen viability in invasion biology as well. Here, we report an efficient visual method for assessing the viability of pollen using digital holographic microscopy (DHM). Imaging data reveal that quantitative phase information provided by the technique can be correlated with viability as indicated by the outcome of the colorimetric test. We successfully test this method on pollen grains of Lantana camara, a well-known alien invasive plant in the tropical world. Our results show that pollen viability may be assessed accurately without the usual staining procedure and suggest potential applications of the DHM methodology to a number of emerging areas in plant science.
From Cisr-i Mustafa Paşa to Svilengrad: The Ethnic Homogenization of a Thracian Town in the Balkan Wars
Authors: Ginio Eyal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe transformation of Ottoman Cisr-i Mustafa Paşa to Bulgarian Svilengrad was the outcome of a combination of both local violence and state-policy that took place throughout the Balkan Wars (1912-13) and within the framework of state-building efforts in both Ottoman imperial and Bulgarian post-imperial contexts. This sequence of mass violence stands at the core of this article. Based on Ottoman, Jewish, international, and translated Bulgarian sources, this article discusses the everyday dynamics and events that took place in the town by placing them in the contexts of the macro-historical transformations generated by the Balkan Wars. It likewise turns to micro-historical analysis to study the violence perpetrated by locals. While it is evident that much of the violence was state-sponsored or, at least, tacitly accepted by the state, and reflected top-down planning, non-state players also took part in the retribution against those they deemed alien to the national cause.
The multi-generational familial aggregation of interstitial cystitis, other chronic nociplastic pain disorders, depression, and panic disorder
Authors: Allen-Brady Kristina , Fyer Abby J. , Weissman Myrna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC) is a chronic pelvic pain condition which has high comorbidity with other nociplastic, or unexplained, pain disorders [e.g. fibromyalgia (FM), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS)] and some psychiatric conditions [major depressive disorder (MDD) and panic disorder (PD)]. Here we investigated the shared familiality of IC and these other nociplastic and psychiatric conditions.MethodsSubjects were identified in the Utah Population Database, which links genealogy data back to the 1800s to medical record diagnosis billing code data back to 1995. We computed the relative risk of each of these disorders among first (FDR), second (SDR), and third-degree relatives (TDR) of six proband groups: IC, FM, IBS, ME/CFS, PD, and MDD. Given the known familial aggregation of each of these disorders, we conducted our analyses to test for heritable interrelationships using proband subgroups whose members did not have the diagnosis assessed in their relatives.ResultsWe observed strong evidence for heritable interrelationships among all six disorders. Most analyses indicated significantly increased risk for each of the six disorders in FDR, SDR, and TDR of all or most proband groups. Out of 30 possible bidirectional disorder interrelationships, 26 were significant among FDR, 23 were significant among SDR, and 7 were significant among TDR. Clustering was observed in both close and distant relatives.ConclusionsOur results support a common, heritable component to IC and other nociplastic and psychiatric conditions.
“What if?” in Probabilistic Logic Programming
Authors: KIESEL RAFAEL , RÜCKSCHLOß KILIAN , WEITKÄMPER FELIX 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA ProbLog program is a logic program with facts that only hold with a specified probability. In this contribution, we extend this ProbLog language by the ability to answer “What if” queries. Intuitively, a ProbLog program defines a distribution by solving a system of equations in terms of mutually independent predefined Boolean random variables. In the theory of causality, Judea Pearl proposes a counterfactual reasoning for such systems of equations. Based on Pearl’s calculus, we provide a procedure for processing these counterfactual queries on ProbLog programs, together with a proof of correctness and a full implementation. Using the latter, we provide insights into the influence of different parameters on the scalability of inference. Finally, we also show that our approach is consistent with CP-logic, that is with the causal semantics for logic programs with annotated with disjunctions.
Trends, Shifting, or Oscillations? Stochastic Modeling of Nonstationary Time Series for Future Water‐Related Risk Management
Authors: Lee Taesam , Ouarda Taha B. M. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHydrological time series often present nonstationarities such as trends, shifts, or oscillations due to anthropogenic effects and hydroclimatological variations, including global climate change. For water managers, it is crucial to recognize and define the nonstationarities in hydrological records. The nonstationarities must be appropriately modeled and stochastically simulated according to the characteristics of observed records to evaluate the adequacy of flood risk mitigation measures and future water resources management strategies. Therefore, in the current study, three approaches were suggested to address stochastically nonstationary behaviors, especially in the long‐term variability of hydrological variables: as an overall trend, shifting mean, or as a long‐term oscillation. To represent these options for hydrological variables, the autoregressive model with an overall trend, shifting mean level (SML), and empirical mode decomposition with nonstationary oscillation resampling (EMD‐NSOR) were employed in the hydrological series of the net basin supply in the Lake Champlain‐River Richelieu basin, where the International Joint Committee recently managed and significant flood damage from long consistent high flows occurred. The detailed results indicate that the EMD‐NSOR model can be an appropriate option by reproducing long‐term dependence statistics and generating manageable scenarios, while the SML model does not properly reproduce the observed long‐term dependence, that are critical to simulate sustainable flood events. The trend model produces too many risks for floods in the future but no risk for droughts. The overall results conclude that the nonstationarities in hydrological series should be carefully handled in stochastic simulation models to appropriately manage future water‐related risks.
Organic Matter Export Rates and the Pathways of Nutrient Supply in the Ocean
Authors: Quay Paul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultiyear estimates of organic matter (OM) export based primarily on oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon surface layer budgets applied basin‐wide for the Pacific, Atlantic, and S. Indian Oceans yield an inter‐basin range from 1 to 3 mol C/m2/yr with a global mean of 2.0 mol C/m2/yr (8.5 Gt C/yr). OM export rates per area in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are twice than that in the Indian Ocean. The supply of nutrients from the Southern Ocean can potentially support ∼70% of the observed OM export in the ocean based on observed surface current velocities and PO4 distributions. Horizontal flux of PO4 and dissolved organic phosphorous in the surface layer can support ∼50%, 20%, and 15% of observed OM export in the Pacific, S. Indian and Atlantic oceans, respectively, with the remainder being supplied vertically from the subsurface. Potential utilization of unused surface PO4 in the subtropical gyre yields ∼0.1 mol C/m2/yr increase in OM export in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans but a ∼0.8 mol C/m2/yr increase in the S. Indian ocean suggesting that stronger nutrient limitation contributes to lower export rates observed in the Indian ocean.
Sediment Exchange Across Coastal Barrier Landscapes Alters Ecosystem Extents
Authors: Reeves I. R. B. , Moore L. J. , Valentine K. , Fagherazzi S. , Kirwan M. L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBarrier coastlines and their associated ecosystems are rapidly changing. Barrier islands/spits, marshes, bays, and coastal forests are all thought to be intricately coupled, yet an understanding of how morphologic change in one part of the system affects the system altogether remains limited. Here we explore how sediment exchange controls the migration of different ecosystem boundaries and ecosystem extent over time using a new coupled model framework that connects components of the entire barrier landscape, from the ocean shoreface to mainland forest. In our experiments, landward barrier migration is the primary cause of back‐barrier marsh loss, while periods of barrier stability can allow for recovery of back‐barrier marsh extent. Although sea‐level rise exerts a dominant control on the extent of most ecosystems, we unexpectedly find that, for undeveloped barriers, bay extent is largely insensitive to sea‐level rise because increased landward barrier migration (bay narrowing) offsets increased marsh edge erosion (bay widening).
A Seasonally Varying Tree Physiological Response to Environmental Conditions: Results From Semi‐Arid China
Authors: Li Yao , Zeng Xiaomin , Liu Xiaohong , Evans Michael N. , Xu Guobao , Szejner Paul , Ni Ping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDrought is the primary limiting factor for tree growth in water‐stressed regions through its effects on xylem development. In this study, we developed intra‐annual series of tree‐ring stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes from Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) to investigate the ecophysiological responses of trees to drought during the growing season in a climatic transition zone between arid and semi‐arid areas in north‐central China. Distinct intra‐annual patterns of δ13C and δ18O were revealed, with average annual amplitude of 0.26 and 2.72‰, respectively. Tree‐ring δ13C values increased from the early‐ to mid‐growing season, peaked in the mid‐to‐late‐growing season, and decreased at the end of the growing season. In contrast, δ18O values continuously decreased throughout the growing season. As expected, drought significantly increased δ13C and altered its intra‐annual pattern, particularly toward the end of the growing season. However, there was no significant difference in the average intra‐annual pattern in δ18O between dry and wet years. The tree‐ring δ18O at the end of the growing season was significantly correlated with the September to October average soil water δ18O, as simulated by a global isotope‐enabled climate model, which is consistent with the high proportion of exchangeable oxygen atoms predicted by previous studies for cellulose synthesis in the late growing season.
Reconstructing Long‐Term Forest Age of China by Combining Forest Inventories, Satellite‐Based Forest Age and Forest Cover Data Sets
Authors: Xia Jiangzhou , Xia Xiaosheng , Chen Yang , Shen Ruoque , Zhang Zheyuan , Liang Boyi , Wang Jia , Yuan Wenping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractForest age is one of the most important ecosystem characters for accurately estimating the magnitude and potential of carbon sink in forest ecosystems. During the past 40 years, national ecological restoration projects have led to the near doubling of the forest cover area in China, which has also substantially affected the dynamics of forest age. Therefore, there is an urgent need to generate long‐term forest age maps for China. This study reconstructed China forest age datasets (CFAD) from 1980 to 2015 at five year intervals at a 1 km spatial resolution by merging a satellite‐based forest age map in 2010 and forest cover dynamic maps from 1980 to 2015. The random forest method was used to reconstruct the forest age where forest age could not be inferred from the forest age base map in 2010 directly. CFAD showed a good agreement with the province‐level mean forest age derived from the several national forest inventories (R2 ranged from 0.66 to 0.86). In general, the younger forests are mainly distributed in southern and eastern China. The older forests are mainly distributed in the mountain areas of northeast, northwest and southwest China. The average age of China's forests increased from 18.2 to 44.0 years old from 1980 to 2015. Based on the current forest age and future afforestation planning, the average forest age in China is predicted to reach 71.6 years old in 2060. The CFAD provides an alternative data set to obtain improved estimates of local and national forest carbon sinks in China.
Insights on Simulating Summer Warming of the Great Lakes: Understanding the Behavior of a Newly Developed Coupled Lake‐Atmosphere Modeling System
Authors: Kayastha Miraj B. , Huang Chenfu , Wang Jiali , Pringle William J. , Chakraborty TC , Yang Zhao , Hetland Robert D. , Qian Yun , Xue Pengfei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Laurentian Great Lakes are the world's largest freshwater system and regulate the climate of the Great Lakes region, which has been increasingly experiencing climatic, hydrological, and ecological changes. An accurate mechanistic representation of the Great Lakes thermal structure in Regional Climate Models (RCMs) is paramount to studying the climate of this region. Currently, RCMs have primarily represented the Great Lakes through coupled one‐dimensional (1D) column lake models; this approach works well for small inland lakes but is unable to resolve the realistic hydrodynamics of the Great Lakes and leads to inaccurate representations of lake surface temperature (LST) that influence regional climate and weather patterns. This work overcomes this limitation by developing a fully two‐way coupled modeling system using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and a three‐dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model. The coupled model system resolves the interactive physical processes between the atmosphere, lake, and surrounding watersheds; and validated against a range of observational data. The model is then used to investigate the potential impacts of lake‐atmosphere coupling on the simulated summer LST of Lake Superior. By evaluating the difference between our two‐way coupled modeling system and our observation‐driven modeling system, we find that coupled‐lake atmosphere dynamics can lead to a higher LST during June‐September through higher net surface heat flux entering the lake in June and July and a lower net surface heat flux entering the lake in August and September. The unstratified water in June distributes the entering surface heat flux throughout the water column leading to a minor LST increase, while the stratified waters of July create a conducive thermal structure for the water surface to warm rapidly under the higher incoming surface heat flux. This research provides insight into the coupled modeling system behavior, which is critical for enhancing our predictive understanding of the Great Lakes climate system.
How Well do We Understand the Planck Feedback?
Authors: Cronin Timothy W. , Dutta Ishir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA reference or “no‐feedback” radiative response to warming is fundamental to understanding how much global warming will occur for a given change in greenhouse gases or solar radiation incident on the Earth. The simplest estimate of this radiative response is given by the Stefan‐Boltzmann law as W m−2 K−1 for Earth's present climate, where is a global effective emission temperature. The comparable radiative response in climate models, widely called the “Planck feedback,” averages −3.3 W m−2 K−1. This difference of 0.5 W m−2 K−1 is large compared to the uncertainty in the net climate feedback, yet it has not been studied carefully. We use radiative transfer models to analyze these two radiative feedbacks to warming, and find that the difference arises primarily from the lack of stratospheric warming assumed in calculations of the Planck feedback (traditionally justified by differing constraints on and time scales of stratospheric adjustment relative to surface and tropospheric warming). The Planck feedback is thus masked for wavelengths with non‐negligible stratospheric opacity, and this effect implicitly acts to amplify warming in current feedback analysis of climate change. Other differences between Planck and Stefan‐Boltzmann feedbacks arise from temperature‐dependent gas opacities, and several artifacts of nonlinear averaging across wavelengths, heights, and different locations; these effects partly cancel but as a whole slightly destabilize the Planck feedback. Our results point to an important role played by stratospheric opacity in Earth's climate sensitivity, and clarify a long‐overlooked but notable gap in our understanding of Earth's reference radiative response to warming.