bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staging of lymphoma under chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: reasons for discordance among imaging response criteria
Authors: Winkelmann Michael , Blumenberg Viktoria , Rejeski Kai , Bücklein Veit L. , Ingenerf Maria , Unterrainer Marcus , Schmidt Christian , Dekorsy Franziska J. , Bartenstein Peter , Ricke Jens , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Subklewe Marion , Kunz Wolfgang G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CART) prolongs survival for patients with refractory or relapsed lymphoma. Discrepancies among different response criteria for lymphoma under CART were recently shown. Our objective was to evaluate reasons for discordance among different response criteria and their relation to overall survival.

Methods
Consecutive patients with baseline and follow-up imaging at 30 (FU1) and 90 days (FU2) after CART were included. Overall response was determined based on Lugano, Cheson, response evaluation criteria in lymphoma (RECIL) and lymphoma response to immunomodulatory therapy criteria (LYRIC). Overall response rate (ORR) and rates of progressive disease (PD) were determined. For each criterion reasons for PD were analyzed in detail.

Results
41 patients were included. ORR was 68%, 68%, 63%, and 68% at FU2 by Lugano, Cheson, RECIL, and LYRIC, respectively. PD rates differed among criteria with 32% by Lugano, 27% by Cheson, 17% by RECIL, and 17% by LYRIC. Dominant reasons for PD according to Lugano were target lesion (TL) progression (84.6%), new appearing lesions (NL; 53.8%), non-TL progression (27.3%), and progressive metabolic disease (PMD; 15.4%). Deviations among the criteria for defining PD were largely explained by PMD of preexisting lesions that are defined as PD only by Lugano and non-TL progression, which is not defined as PD by RECIL and in some cases classified as indeterminate response by LYRIC.

Conclusions
Following CART, lymphoma response criteria show differences in imaging endpoints, especially in defining PD. The response criteria must be considered when interpreting imaging endpoints and outcomes from clinical trials.
Voltage imbalance mitigation in an active distribution network using decentralized current control
Authors: Nour Ahmed M. M. , Helal Ahmed A. , El-Saadawi Magdi M. , Hatata Ahmed Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVoltage imbalance (VI) is caused by the difference in connected single-phase load or generation in a low voltage distribution network (DN).VI increase in a smart distribution grid is due to the current practice of increasing single-phase distributed generators such as photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper proposes a decentralized control method to mitigate VI using distributed batteries included in smart grid interfaced residential PV systems. To mitigate VI using the batteries in this way, five challenges must be overcome, i.e., equalizing all battery stress currents within the DN, mitigating VI in abnormal conditions such as signal loss among bus controllers, being immune from the distorted feedback measurements, minimizing the steady-state error at different loads, and overcoming the insufficient number or capacity of the distributed batteries at the same bus. Three fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) are proposed at each bus to overcome these five tasks based on a decentralized control scheme. The proposed decentralized control based on FLC is compared with centralized control based on a PI controller. The proposed control method is tested and verified using simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink software, and the results validate the ability of the scheme to alleviate VI on a smart distribution network under both normal and abnormal conditions.
Frequency-domain elastic wave modeling for vertical transversely isotropic media with an average-derivative optimal method
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Jing-Bo 
Published: May 2023

Based on an average-derivative method (ADM), it is feasible to develop an optimal elastic wave finite-difference nine-point scheme for vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media in the frequency domain. The optimization coefficients of ADM can be determined by minimizing phase-velocity dispersion error. Nevertheless, for the complex VTI media, the point-by-point optimization, which only considers a single anisotropic parameter pair, will require high computational cost. To address this issue, we take into account the other two low-cost schemes: the overall simultaneous optimization in terms of various anisotropy parameter pairs and the interpolation based on the completely computed optimization coefficients. Applying the 58 measured anisotropy parameter pairs of sedimentary rocks, we test the performances of point-by-point optimization, the overall optimization, interpolation, and classical nine-point method (CM). The results indicate that the number of grid points per qS wavelength of the interpolation scheme is closest to that of the point-by-point optimization scheme and much lower than that of the overall optimization scheme and CM. In addition, the surface of solid earth is a strong impedance-discontinuity surface (free surface), resulting in the more complicated wavefields. To realize the full-waveform simulation for elastic VTI media, it is necessary to implement the free-surface boundary condition in detail. Based on the equivalence between the stress-image and adaptive parameter-modified schemes for implementing the free-surface boundary condition in the time domain, we give a new frequency-domain free-surface expression for the VTI media. We still call this expression the stress-image scheme. Numerical experiments demonstrate that (1) the optimal ADM can produce more accurate results than CM at almost the same computational cost, (2) the interpolation scheme has almost identical accuracy with the point-by-point optimization scheme, and (3) the stress-image scheme is feasible for the implementation of free-surface boundary condition in a VTI medium.
Clinical Characters and Influence Factors of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Thyroid Dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Qin , Jiao Xiaojuan , Lai Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Explore the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of immune thyroid dysfunction (ITD) caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of malignant tumors.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of cancer patients treated with ICIs between January 2019 and December 2021 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. According to the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction, patients were divided into an ITD group and non-ITD group. We describe the clinical characteristics, autoantibody levels, and their impact on prognosis of patients with ICI-related ITD.

Result
A total of 560 cases meeting the criteria were included, with a median follow-up time of 11.0 months. The incidence of ITD was 50.7%. Baseline TSH levels (OR, 1.935/mcIU/L; 95% CI, 1.613-2.321; P &lt; .001) and combination targeted therapy (OR, 2.101; 95% CI, 1.433-3.079; P &lt; .001) were most strongly associated with the occurrence of ITD. The median time to ITD in patients receiving medication with ICIs was 73 (34.5-149) days. Of the 87 patients initially diagnosed with hyperthyroid ITD, 46 (52.9%) progressed to hypothyroidism over the course of the disease. Baseline anti-thyroglobulin antibody abnormalities were strongly associated with the occurrence of ITD (OR, 67.393; 95% CI, 5.637-805.656; P = .001). Overall survival was significantly lower in patients who did not develop ITD than in those who did (hazard ratio, 0.523; 95% CI, 0.599-0.97; P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The incidence of ICI-related ITD is high, and the course of the disease is rapidly changing, and thyroid function in patients treated with immunotherapy should be monitored to detect ITD and permit early intervention.
Novel Candidate Regulators and Developmental Trajectory of Pituitary Thyrotropes
Authors: Cheung Leonard Y M , Menage Lucy , Rizzoti Karine , Hamilton Greg , Dumontet Typhanie , Basham Kaitlin , Daly Alexandre Z , Brinkmeier Michelle L , Masser Bailey E , Treier Mathias , Cobb John , Delogu Alessio , Lovell-Badge Robin , Hammer Gary D , Camper Sally A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The pituitary gland regulates growth, metabolism, reproduction, the stress response, uterine contractions, lactation, and water retention. It secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic input, end organ feedback, and diurnal cues. The mechanisms by which pituitary stem cells are recruited to proliferate, maintain quiescence, or differentiate into specific cell types, especially thyrotropes, are not well understood. We used single-cell RNA sequencing in juvenile P7 mouse pituitary cells to identify novel factors in pituitary cell populations, with a focus on thyrotropes and rare subtypes. We first observed cells coexpressing markers of both thyrotropes and gonadotropes, such as Pou1f1 and Nr5a1. This was validated in vivo by both immunohistochemistry and lineage tracing of thyrotropes derived from Nr5a1-Cre; mTmG mice and demonstrates that Nr5a1-progenitors give rise to a proportion of thyrotropes during development. Our data set also identifies novel factors expressed in pars distalis and pars tuberalis thyrotropes, including the Shox2b isoform in all thyrotropes and Sox14 specifically in Pou1f1-negative pars tuberalis thyrotropes. We have therefore used single-cell transcriptomics to determine a novel developmental trajectory for thyrotropes and potential novel regulators of thyrotrope populations.
Normal cell cycle progression requires negative regulation of E2F1 by Groucho during S phase and its relief at G2 phase
Authors: Bar-Cohen Shaked , Martínez Quiles María Lorena , Baskin Alexey , Dawud Ruba , Jennings Barbara H. , Paroush Ze'ev 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe cell cycle depends on a sequence of steps that are triggered and terminated via the synthesis and degradation of phase-specific transcripts and proteins. Although much is known about how stage-specific transcription is activated, less is understood about how inappropriate gene expression is suppressed. Here, we demonstrate that Groucho, the Drosophila orthologue of TLE1 and other related human transcriptional corepressors, regulates normal cell cycle progression in vivo. We show that, although Groucho is expressed throughout the cell cycle, its activity is selectively inactivated by phosphorylation, except in S phase when it negatively regulates E2F1. Constitutive Groucho activity, as well as its depletion and the consequent derepression of e2f1, cause cell cycle phenotypes. Our results suggest that Cdk1 contributes to phase-specific phosphorylation of Groucho in vivo. We propose that Groucho and its orthologues play a role in the metazoan cell cycle that may explain the links between TLE corepressors and several types of human cancer.
How Undergraduates Perceive Stress Factors: An exploratory study
Authors: Murakami Manabu , Takeuchi Akiko , Jin Shigeki , Matoba Kotaro 
Published: May 2023

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7760
How to cite this: Murakami M, Takeuchi A, Jin S, Matoba K. How Undergraduates Perceive Stress Factors: An exploratory study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7760
Improving patient safety during position changes under general anaesthesia: “CHOPP check”- a new patient safety and educational tool
Authors: Hussein Kareem , Lal Shankar , Moore Michael , Leonard Irene 
Published: May 2023

The requirement to change position whilst under general anaesthesia may expose patients to significant risks. We devised and implemented a concise and comprehensive patient positioning safety tool with the aim of reducing risks and improving patient safety during position changes under anaesthesia.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7965
How to cite this: Hussein K, Lal S, Moore M, Leonard I. Improving patient safety during position changes under general anaesthesia: “CHOPP check”- a new patient safety and educational tool. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7965
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
IMPROVEMENT OF TYPICAL MARKETING STRATEGIES OF ENTERPRISES
Authors: Trunina Oksana Y. 
Published: May 2023

Modern business conditions in Russia are steadily pushing commercial organizations to improve all their business processes, not only in operational, but also in strategic directions, which serves goals related to increasing their competitiveness and further, at least survival, and at most development. Here the main role is played by strategic marketing, which, as an effective tool proven in practice, is able, with its proper development and implementation, to effectively contribute to the organization in achieving the most ambitious goals.
The purpose of the study: to develop recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the firm’s marketing strategies based on an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing marketing strategies.
Materials and methods: The methodological basis of this study is the concept of a complex of 4P marketing, covering the main tools that allow the company to manage relations with consumers. Although there are currently a number of other approaches to forming a marketing complex [18], we use the classic version of the 4P, since it is the most common and well proven in practice. This concept of the marketing complex allowed us to structure the existing marketing strategies of the company taking into account the management of which variable of the marketing complex they are focused on.
Results: developed and made recommendations for improving the efficiency of strategic marketing processes, as well as improving standard marketing strategies.
Practical implications the main results of the conducted work in terms of researching trends, identifying problems and prospects in the activities of the organization, are of great practical interest to the management of the organization, as developed recommendations and suggestions can be fully used in its work.
SUPPORT INSTITUTIONS AND FORMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CURRENT STATUS
Authors: Shageeva Gulnara R. , Abdullaeva Aliya S. 
Published: May 2023

At present, the Russian economy is faced with the task of ensuring the innovative development of the country in the face of limited access to foreign resources. This task should be solved with the help of joint efforts of the state and business. One of the instruments of such cooperation is public-private partnership.
The goal is a comprehensive analysis of the state of public-private partnership in the Russian Federation and the development of recommendations for its further development.
Methodology of work: methods of analysis and synthesis, systemic and structural-functional approaches, comparison method, statistical method, formal-legal method, generalization method.
Results: it was determined that the deep introduction of public-private partnership in the field of innovation will have a positive impact on the implementation of the strategic national development goals of the Russian Federation. At the same time, it is necessary to expand the list of used forms of public-private partnership
Scope of the results: it is advisable to apply the results obtained in the development of promising ways and proposals for their solution, which can be used to improve public-private partnerships in innovation.
Ultrasound-positive axillary lymph nodes in early breast cancer: can a patient subgroup avoid axillary lymph node dissection? A simple algorithm is suggested
Authors: Zaidi M , Tatterton M , May-Miller P , Agrawal A 
Published: May 2023

Introduction National UK guidelines suggest that axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is no longer mandatory for selected early node-positive breast cancer patients. Our study aimed to identify patients with early breast cancer and ultrasound (USS)-positive axillary metastasis who possess low burden of axillary disease and can avoid ALND. Methods We conducted a 5-year study of prospectively collected data of patients with clinically T1–2, N0 breast cancer and a positive USS-guided axillary biopsy. Primary outcome was involvement of 1–2 lymph nodes (low disease burden) or ≥3 lymph nodes (higher axillary disease) on final ALND histology. Tumour type, size, grade, multifocality, receptor status, number of abnormal imaged nodes and presence of lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) were recorded. Data were analysed using chi-squared and Student’s t-test. Results One hundred and sixty-six patients underwent ALND for pT1–2 breast cancer. Seventy patients had no clinically palpable lymphadenopathy but a positive USS-guided biopsy. Of 70 patients, 32 women (46%) had low disease burden, whereas 38 women (54%) had higher axillary disease in final histology. LVI and >1 abnormal lymph node on USS were both significantly associated with higher disease burden (p = 0.050 and 0.009, respectively). Conclusion Our study confirms the presence of an important patient cohort, who are clinically node-negative with a positive USS-guided biopsy and a low volume of axillary disease. No imaging modality currently has the accuracy required to identify patients with this low disease burden preoperatively but we propose a simple algorithm for axillary management in this subgroup.
Injury patterns of e-scooter-related orthopaedic trauma in central London: a multicentre study
Authors: Cruz NJM Dela , Morgan C , Morgan RV , Tanna S , Talwar C , Dattani R , Sarraf KM , Gibbons CER 
Published: May 2023

Purpose Electric scooters (e-Scooters) are being increasingly used in urban areas as a new means of transport. E-scooter sharing schemes have recently been piloted in the United Kingdom; however, there are no published data on orthopaedic injuries and user behaviour patterns in the UK. We aim to identify the patterns and severity of orthopaedic injuries related to e-scooter use. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all orthopaedic referrals relating to e-scooter use from 1 March to 30 November 2020 at three hospitals, including one major trauma centre in central London. Data including patient demographics, mechanism of injury, diagnosis and treatment were collected. Results One hundred and five orthopaedic injuries were identified in 83 patients. The median age was 32 years and 83% were male. Seventy-nine (95.2%) patients were riders, four were pedestrians. All e-scooters were privately owned. There were 93 fractures (88.6% of total injuries noted) including 12 (12.9%) open. Fifty-two (56.0%) were upper limb fractures, 39 (41.9%) lower limb and 2 (2.1%) spinal and rib fractures. Twenty-five patients (30.1%) required an operation and 29 (34.9%) required hospital admission. Helmet use was present in 34.1%. The most common place of injury was the road (65.1%) followed by pavement (32.9%). Conclusion E-scooters can cause serious injury, most commonly in males. There was an equal distribution of upper and lower limb injuries, with many associated with high-energy trauma requiring operative intervention. Helmet use was seen in one third of riders. As e-scooter use continues to increase across the UK, additional steps should be taken to ensure the safety of the riders and public.
A prospective evaluation of the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator as a predictor of complications for breast surgery
Authors: Dube M , Nour S , Shafee AS , Lahart I , Carmichael A 
Published: May 2023

Background The infection rates for operative management of breast cancer are often unpredictable and higher than average for a clean surgical procedure (0.8% and 28%). We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Surgical Risk Calculator (SRC), a preoperative scoring system to calculate the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) and serious complications following breast surgery. Methods Prospective risk scoring using the SRC on 213 patients in the preoperative clinic and the incidence of SSI and serious complications within 30 days postoperatively was prospectively collected. Results The overall SSI rate in our sample was 5% (n=11/210 patients). For a one-unit increase in SRC score, the odds of having SSI increased by a factor of 1.88 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.74). Odds of developing SSI were higher in patients with high Body Mass Index (OR 1.25; 95% 1.13 to 1.40) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score 3 (OR 11.54; 95% CI 2.98 to 43.65). The odds of developing an SSI were ∼19 times higher if a patient had an SRC score >3.0 versus those with an SRC score <3.0. Only 3% (n=4) of patients who had an SRC score of <3.0 experienced SSI, compared with 33% (n=7) for those with a risk score of >3.0. Out of 210 patients, 9 had serious complications (4.2%). Conclusions ACS SRC Score of more than 3 was associated with a higher likelihood of SSI. SRC was able to predict the risk of SSI and serious complications and can be used preoperatively for identification and risk minimisation.
The management of chyle leak post-oesophagectomy for oesophageal carcinoma: a systematic review
Authors: Robinson AV , Kennedy L , Roper T , Khan M , Jaunoo S ,   on behalf of the Brighton Oesophago-Gastric Research Group
Published: May 2023

Introduction Chyle leak is an uncommon yet potentially fatal complication of oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer. The management of chyle leak is a debated, controversial topic and to date there is no standardised approach or validated algorithm for its management. This review aims to summarise current treatment algorithms for chyle leak post-oesophagectomy and their outcomes. Methods A systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, UpToDate and Cochrane was conducted to identify studies reporting on the management of chyle leak following oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer. Data on interventional success rate and mortality are reported. Findings Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria including over 23,254 oesophagectomies and identifying 838 chyle leaks (incidence <3.6%). The majority of cases were initially managed conservatively (95.3%), with a failure rate of 50.4%. Immediate surgical or radiological management resolved chylothorax in the majority of cases (97.3%), however the numbers were small. Death occurred in 54 cases (6.6%), all of whom underwent conservative management initially. Conclusions Owing to the heterogeneity of treatment algorithms, timings and indications for interventions, the optimal strategy for managing chyle leak remains unclear. This review has identified an unmet need for prospective multicentre studies assessing the efficacy of predefined algorithms.