bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of cannabidiol on reward- and stress-related neurocognitive processes among individuals with opioid use disorder: A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Suzuki Joji , Prostko Sara , Szpak Veronica , Chai Peter R. , Spagnolo Primavera A. , Tenenbaum Ruth E. , Ahmed Saeed , Weiss Roger D. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionOpioid use disorder (OUD) continues to be a significant public health concern. Medications for OUD (MOUD) such as buprenorphine reduce overdose mortality, but relapses occur often, leading to adverse outcomes. Preliminary data suggest that cannabidiol (CBD) may be a potential adjunctive treatment to MOUD by attenuating cue-reactivity. This pilot study sought to evaluate the impact of a single dose of CBD on reward- and stress-related neurocognitive processes implicated in relapse among those with OUD.MethodsThe study was a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over trial aimed at assessing the effects of a single dose of CBD (Epidiolex®) 600 mg or matching placebo administered to participants with OUD receiving either buprenorphine or methadone. Vital signs, mood states, pain, opioid withdrawal, cue-induced craving, attentional bias, decision-making, delayed discount, distress tolerance, and stress-reactivity were examined at each testing session on two separate testing days at least 1 week apart.ResultsTen participants completed all study procedures. Receipt of CBD was associated with a significant decrease in cue-induced craving (0.2 vs. 1.3, p = 0.040), as well as reduced attentional bias toward drug-related cues as measured by the visual probe task (−80.4 vs. 100.3, p = 0.041). No differences were found among all the other outcomes examined.DiscussionCBD may have promise as an adjunct to MOUD treatment by attenuating the brain response to drug-related cues, which, in turn, may reduce the risk of relapse and overdoses. Further research is warranted to evaluate the potential for CBD as an adjunctive therapy for individuals in treatment for OUD.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04982029.
Using an academic-community partnership model to deliver evidence-based falls prevention programs in a metropolitan setting: A community case study
Authors: Elrod Cathy S. , Pappa Sara T. , Heyn Patricia C. , Wong Rita A. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPrevention is an effective approach for mitigating the negative health outcomes associated with falls in older adults. The Administration for Community Living (ACL) has sponsored the implementation of evidence-based falls prevention programs (EBFPPs) across the United States through cooperative agreement grants to decrease the health and economic burden of falls. Marymount University received two of these grants to deliver three EBFPPs into the northern Virginia region. This community case study describes the development of a collaboration between a university and community-based organizations to adopt and implement multiple evidence-based programming in an area where none previously existed.MethodsThrough an academic-community partnership, EBFPPs were introduced to and implemented by senior-focused organizations. Target adopters were senior and community centers, multi-purpose senior services organizations, recreational organizations, and residential facilities serving older adults. The three EBFPPs were (1) Stay Active and Independent for Life (SAIL), (2) a Matter of Balance (MOB) and (3) Otago Exercise Program (OEP). Key interdependent project elements included: (1) fostering ongoing community organization collaboration, (2) introducing programs in the community, (3) growing and sustaining delivery sites, (4) preparing trained program leaders, and (5) building community demand for the programs.ResultsFrom August 2016–June 2022, 5,857 older adults participated in one of the three EBFPPs. SAIL classes were offered at 33 sites and MOB workshops at 31 with over 70% of them occurring at community or senior centers. OEP was offered at 4 sites. Factors that influenced the implementation of these programs included having: key advocates at host organizations, programs embedded into site workflows, sufficient capacity and workforce, engaged invested partners, and flexibility in working with a complex set of agencies and systems with different administrative structures.ConclusionBy connecting academic faculty with various community members from multiple sectors, new initiatives can be successfully implemented. Results from this ACL-funded project indicate that using an academic-community partnership model to build relationships and capacity for ongoing delivery of health promotion programming for older adults is feasible and effective in delivering EBFPPs. In addition, academic-community partnerships can develop a strong network of invested partners to foster continued support of fall prevention activities.
RETRACTED: Clinico-demographic and survival profile of people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Shaik Riyaz Ahamed , Holyachi Sharan K. , Ahmad Mohammad S. , Miraj Mohammed , Alzahrani Mansour , Ahmad Ritu Kumar , Almehmadi Bader A. , Aljulifi Mohammed Zaid , Alzahrani Meshari A. , Alharbi Mashael B. , Ahmed Mohammed Muzammil 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the demographic, clinical, and survival profile of people living with HIV.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients enrolled at a single antiretroviral therapy center in North Karnataka. A total of 11,099 were recruited from April 2007 to January 2020, out of which 3,676 were excluded and the final 7,423 entries were subjected to analysis. The outcome of interest was the time to death in months of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The clinical and demographic characteristics were examined as potential risk factors for survival analysis. To investigate the factors that influence the mortality of patients using ART, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed. Hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-values were presented to show the significance. The log-rank test was used to determine the significance of the Kaplan–Meier survival curve.ResultsOut of 7,423 HIV-positive people, majority were female (51.4%), heterosexual typology (89.2%), and in the age group 31–45 years (45.5%). The risk of death in male patients was 1.24 times higher (95% CI: 1.14–1.35) than female patients. Patients with age &gt;45 were 1.67 times more likely to die than patients ≤30 (95% CI: 1.50–1.91). In the multivariable analysis, the hazards of mortality increased by 3.11 times (95% CI: 2.09–2.79) in patients with baseline CD4 count ≤50 as compared to those who had baseline CD4 count &gt;200. The risk of death in patients who were diagnosed with TB was 1.30 times more (95% CI: 1.19–1.42) than in those who did not have TB. The survival probabilities at 3 and 90 months were more in female patients (93%, 70%) compared with male patients (89, 54%), respectively.ConclusionThis study proved that age, sex, baseline CD4 count, and tuberculosis (TB) status act as risk factors for mortality among people with HIV. Prevention strategies, control measures, and program planning should be done based on the sociodemographic determinants of mortality.
Perceived family relationships and social participation through sports of urban older adults living alone: An analysis of the mediating effect of self-respect levels
Authors: Zhou Rong , Cui Jinghang , Yin Xingxing 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe perception of good family relationship is an important factor to promote social participation through sports of older adults living alone. This study explores the influence of perceived family relationship on sports sociability and its group differences, and then discusses the mediating effect of self-respect.MethodsBased on the survey data of 2,801 older adults living alone in Chengdu, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hohhot, and Dalian, the quantitative index of their “activeness in social participation through sports” was constructed. The OLS model, the Ologit model, the instrumental variable method and the mediating effect were used to explore the influence mechanism of perceived family relationships of urban older adults living alone on their sport participation.ResultsThe results demonstrate that: (1) Older adults 's activeness in sport participation in China is generally at a low level; (2) perceived family relationships have an impact on activeness in sport participation, i.e. positive family relationships will increase their activeness in sport participation, and there are evident gender differences in this tendency; (3) there are regional differences in the activeness in SPS among the older adults living alone in urban areas, and perceived family relationships in first-tier and second-tier cities have a more significant impact on their activeness in sport participation; (4) the mediating effect analysis shows that perceived family relationships can indirectly promote urban old adults' activeness in sport participation through the reconstruction of their self-respect, and this is more pronounced in women.DiscussionTherefore, the important role of families cannot be ignored in promoting sport participation of the older adults.
The relationship between physician burnout and depression, anxiety, suicidality and substance abuse: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Ryan Emer , Hore Kevin , Power Jessica , Jackson Tracy 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe World Health Organization defines burnout as a problem associated with employment, a category distinct from psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, suicidality and disorders of substance abuse. Evaluating the association between burnout as an occupational exposure and psychological morbidity may indicate that burnout can act as an occupational risk factor for mental ill-health. The systematic review explores this relationship in physicians due to the increased risk in this population and the implications for healthcare delivery.MethodsA mixed methods systematic review of the literature was conducted across Medline, Cinahl Plus, PsycInfo, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library. Databases were systematically searched using keywords relating to physician burnout and depression, anxiety, suicidality and substance abuse. Identified articles were screened for eligibility by two independent researchers. Data extraction was performed and studies assessed for risk of bias. Quantitative and qualitative results were integrated using a convergent segregated approach and results portrayed as a narrative synthesis.ResultsSixty-one articles were included in the review. There was notable heterogeneity in the measurement and criteria used to define burnout limiting the assimilation of results. Despite this, all studies that measured the association between depression and burnout reported a significant association. Studies that reported association between burnout and anxiety were similarly uniformly consistent. Most studies that reported the association between burnout and suicidality indicated that a significant association exists however difficulty in measurement of suicidality may have influenced variability of results. The reported association between substance abuse and burnout was more variable, suggesting that any association is likely to be weak or influenced by other variables. Qualitative studies described the manifestations of chronic workplace stress as well as perceived links with psychological morbidity. These included lack of time for work-life balance, the contribution of professional relationships and a culture of invulnerability that exists among physicians.ConclusionThe systematic review cannot conclude causality but suggests that physician burnout is associated with depression, anxiety and suicidality. Qualitative data provides insight into the nature of this association. The review indicates the need for longitudinal research and provides considerations for intervention strategies to prevent the development and progression of burnout.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020172938, identifier: CRD42020172938.
Educational degree differences in the association between work stress and depression among Chinese healthcare workers: Job satisfaction and sleep quality as the mediators
Authors: Qin Afei , Hu Fangfang , Qin Wenzhe , Dong Yaru , Li Menghua , Xu Lingzhong 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDepressive status of medical personnel worldwide and especially in China is an important public health and social problem. There is a strong relationship between education and depression, but no studies have studied grouping healthcare workers (HCWs) with different educational degree to discuss whether there are differences in the factors that affect depression. This study aims to examine the role of job satisfaction and sleep quality in the relationship between work stress and depression among Chinese HCWs, and teste whether the mediation models are differed by the differences of educational degree.MethodsPatient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale was used to test depression. Work stress was assessed using the Challenge-blocking stress scale (CBSS). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). HCWs’ satisfaction with their current work was assessed using the Job Satisfaction Index (JSI). The representative sample of HCWs was chosen using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling procedure and 844 HCWs were utilized to the statistical analysis of the study.ResultsIn the overall sample, sleep quality could mediate the relationship between work stress and depression in healthcare workers (p &lt; 0.001, CMIN/DF = 3.816, GFI = 0.911, AGFI = 0.886, IFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.933, CFI = 0.942, RMSEA = 0.058, SRMR = 0.055, AIC = 1039.144), and the mediating effect accounted for 36.5%. After grouping educational qualifications, the model with sleep quality and job satisfaction as mediating variables reported a better fit in the group with low educational qualifications. The intermediary effect accounted for 50.6 and 4.43%, respectively. The highly educated group only has sleep quality as an intermediary variable in the structural model, and the mediating effect accounted for 75.4% (p &lt; 0.001, CMIN/DF = 2.596, GFI = 0.887, AGFI = 0.857, IFI = 0.937, TLI = 0.926, CFI = 0.937, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.056, AIC = 1481.322).ConclusionIn the overall sample, sleep quality could mediate the relationship between work stress and depression in HCWs. Among HCWs with technical secondary school education and below, job satisfaction can mediate the positive relationship between work stress and depression, while this mediating effect is not significant among HCWs with college degree and above.
Characteristics of the sources, evaluation, and grading of the certainty of evidence in systematic reviews in public health: A methodological study
Authors: Xun Yangqin , Guo Qiangqiang , Ren Mengjuan , Liu Yunlan , Sun Yajia , Wu Shouyuan , Lan Hui , Zhang Juanjuan , Liu Hui , Wang Jianjian , Shi Qianling , Wang Qi , Wang Ping , Chen Yaolong , Shao Ruitai , Xu Dong Roman 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo systematically explore how the sources of evidence, types of primary studies, and tools used to assess the quality of the primary studies vary across systematic reviews (SRs) in public health.MethodsWe conducted a methodological survey of SRs in public health by searching the of literature in selected journals from electronic bibliographic databases. We selected a 10% random sample of the SRs that met the explicit inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently extracted data for analysis.ResultsWe selected 301 SRs for analysis: 94 (31.2%) of these were pre-registered, and 211 (70.1%) declared to have followed published reporting standard. All SRs searched for evidence in electronic bibliographic databases, and more than half (n = 180, 60.0%) searched also the references of the included studies. The common types of primary studies included in the SRs were primarily cross-sectional studies (n = 132, 43.8%), cohort studies (n = 126, 41.9%), randomized controlled trials (RCTs, n = 89, 29.6%), quasi-experimental studies (n = 83, 27.6%), case-control studies (n = 58, 19.3%) qualitative studies (n = 38, 12.6%) and mixed-methods studies (n = 32, 10.6%). The most frequently used quality assessment tools were the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (used for 50.0% of cohort studies and 55.6% of case-control studies), Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (50.7% of RCTs) and Critical Appraisal Skills Program (38.5% of qualitative studies). Only 20 (6.6%) of the SRs assessed the certainty of the body of evidence, of which 19 (95.0%) used the GRADE approach. More than 65% of the evidence in the SRs using GRADE was of low or very low certainty.ConclusionsSRs should always assess the quality both at the individual study level and the body of evidence for outcomes, which will benefit patients, health care practitioners, and policymakers.
Addressing racism in the workplace through simulation: So much to unlearn
Authors: Fricke Moni , Beach Ducharme Debra , Beavis Allana , Flett Priscilla , Oosman Sarah 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionRacism exists in the healthcare system and is a root cause of health inequities among Indigenous Peoples. When microaggressions of racism are carried out by healthcare providers, therapeutic trust may be broken and quality of care may be impacted. Anti-racism response training is considered best practice in recognizing and addressing racism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a virtual (synchronous) anti-racism response training workshop among a group of rehabilitation therapists from across Canada.MethodsA 90-minute virtual anti-racism simulation workshop for rehabilitation therapists was developed and delivered virtually four times across Canada between 2020 and 2021. Following an introduction and pre-briefing, role-playing among participants was used to address microaggressive Indigenous-specific racism, followed by an in-depth debriefing with trained facilitators. A post-workshop survey was conducted to evaluate this anti-racism simulation workshop and assess the impact on participating occupational therapists (OTs) and physiotherapists (PTs). Following each simulation workshop, participants were invited to complete an anonymous post-activity survey (n = 20; 50% OTs, 45% PTs). Open text responses were analyzed thematically from the perspective of critical race theory.ResultsThe majority of the participants self-identified as women (95%); white (90%); mid-career (52%); and had never personally experienced racism (70%). All participants agreed that the workshop gave them ideas on how to start dismantling racism in their workplace. Thematic analysis resulted in four themes: so much to unlearn, remain humble, resist the silence, and discomfort is okay.DiscussionDespite feelings of discomfort, OTs and PTs appreciated anti-racism skills-based training and recognized the importance of taking action on racism in the workplace. Findings from this study support online (synchronous) anti-racism training as a viable and effective means of creating space for rehabilitation professionals to lean into brave conversations that are necessary for developing strategies to address racial microaggressions impacting Indigenous persons in the workplace. We believe that these small steps of preparing and practicing anti-racism strategies among rehabilitation therapists are essential to achieving a collective goal of dismantling racism in the health system.
Digitalization of relational space in the service triangle: The case study of retail banking
Authors: Carreri Anna , Gosetti Giorgio , Masiero Nicoletta 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe article aims to shed light on the process of shaping the relational space of work in the service triangle through the progressive digitalization of work in retail banking industry. It addresses the following research question: how do technological shifts affect the relationships and interactions (a) between employees and supervisors, and (b) between employees and customers? Through a close examination of the redesign of the interpersonal relationships from the subjective viewpoint of front-line workers across these two levels, the paper contributes to advancing the understanding of the impact of technologies on surveillance practices, work identity and professional ethics in a key working sector with regard to digitalization and changes in professional requirements.MethodsThe question is addressed through a qualitative case study of retail banking in Italy. In the (retail) banking sector, the redesign of the relations between supply and demand for services is more sensitive to the changes afforded by digitalization and learning algorithms. The study was conducted with the involvement of workers and trade unionists, with whom we embarked on a constant work of re-articulation through data collection, analysis, and conceptualization. We collected a multiplicity of data for triangulation: interviews, focus groups, documents, and ethnographic notes.ResultsData analysis shows how work processes and interpersonal relationships start to be redesigned across the two levels. At (a) level, two main aspects are found: the measurement of individual performance within the logic of quantification, which reduces employees to a set of measured dimensions, pushing workers into conditions of stress and competition; new surveillance practices and forms of organizational control enabled by technologies and learning algorithms. At (b) level, from being an expert with specific knowledge in the financial sector the bank employee turns into a kind of seller of any product that the algorithm decides to sell, thus ignoring the value of situated experience held by embedded, embodied social actors. Moreover, algorithms enter jurisdictional spaces traditionally controlled by knowledge workers and produce unknown outcomes concerning to whom to sell which products that cannot be clearly understood by workers.DiscussionTechnology contributes to engendering complex identity constructions to maintain, protect, and revise professional identity.