bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the adaptive optics system for Laser Communications Relay Demonstration’s Ground Station 1
Authors: Roberts Lewis C. , Meeker Seth R. , Tesch Jonathan , Shelton J. Christopher , Roberts Jennifer E. , Fregoso Santos F. , Troung Tuan , Peng Michael , Matthews Kittrin , Herzog Harrison , Rodriguez Joshua 
Published: March 2023

The Laser Communications Relay Demonstration is NASA’s
multi-year demonstration of laser communication from the Earth to a
geosynchronous satellite. The mission currently has two optical ground
stations (OGSs), with one in California (OGS1) and one in Hawaii
(OGS2). Each ground terminal optical system consists of a high-order
adaptive optics (AO) system, a laser transmit system, and a camera for
target acquisition. The OGS1 AO system is responsible for compensating
for the downlink beam for atmospheric turbulence and coupling it into
the modem’s single mode fiber. The mission requires a coupling
efficiency of 50%, which necessitates a high-order AO system. To
achieve this performance, the AO system uses two deformable mirrors
with one mirror correcting for low-spatial-frequency aberrations with
large amplitude and a second deformable mirror correcting for
high-spatial-frequency aberrations with small amplitude. Turbulence is
sensed with a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor. To meet its
performance requirements in the most stressing conditions, the system
can operate at frame rates of 20 kHz. This high frame rate is
enabled by the design of the real-time control system. We present an
overview of both the hardware and software design of the system, and
describe the control system and methods of reducing non-common path
aberrations. Finally, we show measured system performance.
Quantification of spatial and phenotypic heterogeneity in an agent-based model of tumour-macrophage interactions
Authors: Bull Joshua A. , Byrne Helen M. 
Published: March 2023

We introduce a new spatial statistic, the weighted pair correlation function (wPCF). The wPCF extends the existing pair correlation function (PCF) and cross-PCF to describe spatial relationships between points marked with combinations of discrete and continuous labels. We validate its use through application to a new agent-based model (ABM) which simulates interactions between macrophages and tumour cells. These interactions are influenced by the spatial positions of the cells and by macrophage phenotype, a continuous variable that ranges from anti-tumour to pro-tumour. By varying model parameters that regulate macrophage phenotype, we show that the ABM exhibits behaviours which resemble the ‘three Es of cancer immunoediting’: Equilibrium, Escape, and Elimination.
We use the wPCF to analyse synthetic images generated by the ABM. We show that the wPCF generates a ‘human readable’ statistical summary of where macrophages with different phenotypes are located relative to both blood vessels and tumour cells. We also define a distinct ‘PCF signature’ that characterises each of the three Es of immunoediting, by combining wPCF measurements with the cross-PCF describing interactions between vessels and tumour cells. By applying dimension reduction techniques to this signature, we identify its key features and train a support vector machine classifier to distinguish between simulation outputs based on their PCF signature. This proof-of-concept study shows how multiple spatial statistics can be combined to analyse the complex spatial features that the ABM generates, and to partition them into interpretable groups.
The intricate spatial features produced by the ABM are similar to those generated by state-of-the-art multiplex imaging techniques which distinguish the spatial distribution and intensity of multiple biomarkers in biological tissue regions. Applying methods such as the wPCF to multiplex imaging data would exploit the continuous variation in biomarker intensities and generate more detailed characterisation of the spatial and phenotypic heterogeneity in tissue samples.
Radiotherapy Improves Survival of Patients With Lymphovascular Invasion in pT1b Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Yang Xu , Zhao Lina , Shi Anhui , Chen Cong , Cao Jianzhong , Zhang Yaowen , Zhu Hui , Wang Jun , Zhou Wei , Li Xiangpan , Hu Songliu , Men Yu , Wang Jianyang , Xue Liyan , Liu Yong , Dou Lizhou , Zhang Yueming , Sun Shuang , Yuan Meng , Bao Yongxing , Ma Zeliang , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Wanting , Bi Nan , Wang Guiqi , Hui Zhouguang 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended for pT1b esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, it is unclear whether additional radiotherapy can improve patient survival. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy after ESD for pT1b ESCC.

METHODS:
This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study involving 11 hospitals in China. Between January 2010 and December 2019, patients with T1bN0M0 ESCC treated with or without adjuvant radiotherapy after ESD were included. Survival between groups was compared.

RESULTS:
Overall, 774 patients were screened, and 161 patients were included. Forty-seven patients (29.2%) received adjuvant radiotherapy after ESD (RT group) and 114 (70.8%) underwent ESD alone (non-RT group). There were no significant differences in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between the RT and non-RT groups. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was the only prognostic factor. In the LVI+ group, adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improved survival (5-year OS: 91.7% vs 59.5%, P = 0.050; 5-year DFS: 92.9% vs 42.6%, P = 0.010). In the LVI− group, adjuvant radiotherapy did not improve survival (5-year OS: 83.5% vs 93.9%, P = 0.148; 5-year DFS: 84.2% vs 84.7%, P = 0.907). The standardized mortality ratios were 1.52 (95% confidence interval 0.04–8.45) in the LVI+ group with radiotherapy and 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.15–1.42) in the LVI− group without radiotherapy.

DISCUSSION:
Adjuvant radiotherapy could improve survival in pT1b ESCC with LVI+ other than LVI− after ESD. Selective adjuvant radiotherapy based on LVI status achieved survival rates similar to those of the general population.
Perceived socio-cultural ecosystem services provided by wild Atlantic Salmon populations in four European countries
Authors: Kochalski Sophia , Riepe Carsten , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) has always been a highly valued migratory fish species in central and northern Europe. Wild populations have declined since the late 19th century, including local extinctions. We conducted an online survey in France, Germany, Sweden and Norway (N  = 2 298) to examine the perception of the general public of the socio-cultural ecosystem services provided by this threatened species. Eleven ecosystem services and benefits were operationalized in the form of 13 survey items and grouped by an exploratory factor analysis into three groups: intrinsic-ecological, extractive and aesthetic-educational ecosystem services. Our analysis showed that the general population perceived a wide range of ecosystem services. Intrinsic-ecological and aesthetic-educational ecosystem services were well recognized in all countries. The values of these two categories were determined most strongly by country and respondents’ personal values and perception of Atlantic Salmon, e.g. as threatened and belonging to a healthy river. The high level of approval for aesthetic-educational ecosystem services confirmed that Atlantic Salmon can serve as a charismatic flagship species. Extractive ecosystem services received lower ratings than intrinsic-ecological and aesthetic-educational ones, particularly in Germany where no natural populations remain. In Norway, the country with the highest proportion of healthy stocks and a close cultural connection to Atlantic Salmon, all ecosystem service categories were rated significantly higher than in the other three countries. Synergies between the ecosystem services of Atlantic Salmon explain these results: with healthy stocks and their extractive use, the cultural connection is also strengthened, and this contributes to a greater appreciation of Atlantic Salmon for intrinsic-ecological and aesthetic-cultural reasons. Our study underscores how the ecosystem services of Atlantic Salmon perceived by society are co-produced by the ecological state and continued experience of the species by the wider public. Improving the ecological status and increasing public awareness can therefore foster the development of perceived ecosystem services and the value of a species in the public eye.
Market efficiency as indicators of fish market along the middle stretch of River Ganga, India
Authors: Shaikh Jahanara , Shrivastava R. S. , Jha Dharmnath , Pandey Amit Ranjan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fish market in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, is not formally organised. Rather, it permeates from a direct fisher market to a wholesale market. Fish caught from the River Ganga are distributed through many intermediaries and are transported to farther regions like Guwahati and Kolkata in the east. The objective of the study is to assess market efficiency and, with this assessment, make recommendations that can be used to improve the livelihoods of the fishers. We accomplish this by investigating market efficiency indicators including production capacity of the area, Percent Share of Fisher in the Consumer's Money, and price stability of fish markets in different districts (including Bulandshahr, Farrukhabad, Kanpur, Fatehpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi). These are the districts that are located on the bank of the River Ganga in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The study consists of interviews with fishers, wholesalers, vendors, auctioneers, and consumers. The study examines 9 wholesalers, 9 retail markets and 1 direct fisher market. The demographic variables of fish sellers viz. age, education, caste, family size, experience and occupation are also studied. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation are used for nominal variables to measure and test conceptions and misconceptions of the fish market. Fish selling is carried out through fish market channels including 220 middlemen, 249 retailers, 48 wholesalers, and 72 auctioneers. Together, these individuals make up the channel structure, channel strategy, and channel performance. The high number of middlemen demonstrates that the market structure is inefficient. Higher Percent Share of Fisher in the Consumer's Money was observed for fishes like Labeo rohita (65.8%), Cirrhinus Mrigala (64%), and Labeo Calbasu (64.3%). The average Percent Share of Fisher in the Consumer's Money is 54% and shows the fishers earn little more than half of the revenue generated. The study shows that high-value fish have less price stability and low-value fish have high price stability across the fish market channel, respectively. Our investigation recommends reducing the number of market channels with the application of modern infrastructure in order to increase the quality of products received by the consumer and to increase fisher share in consumer's money.
Socioeconomic study of traditional fish farmers and trained farmers in the Indian Sundarbans ecosystem
Authors: Ghosh S. , Baidya A. , Ghosh B. D. , Sahu N. C. , Rahaman F. H. , Das A. K. , Das K. S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Sundarbans, major marshy land, and brackish water ecosystem of the West Bengal were inhabited by many species of fishes which were the main dependants of the people living there. The present investigation was conducted using a questionnaire survey, participatory rural appraisal, key informant interviews, and focus group discussion and to assess the present state of production of major cultivable species of Sundarbans like mullet, shrimp, tilapia, mud-crabs, giant prawn and Asian seabass. A socioeconomic and technical survey of 45 trained and 45 traditional practitioners of aquaculture were conducted from May 2017 – April 2018. This study and appraisal intended to compare the socioeconomic relationship between traditional fish farmers and trained aquaculturists in Indian Sundarbans. The modern farmers usually practice the farming systems like Jayantirohu cultivation, white shrimp cultivation, genetically improved farmed tilapia, crabs fattening and crab culture; periphyton based giant prawn cultivation and Asian seabass culture with forage feeding with bait fishes. The trained farmers were enriched with much knowledge and information gained from various training, which the traditional farmers were lacking. It was found average benefit-cost ratio for traditional farming and modern farming system of 1:1.89 for traditional fish farmers and 1:3.13 for trained farmers. It was helping the modern practitioners to earn more profit to suffice their family needs as well as they were now accomplishing more safety, security measures for their family, investing more in their aquaculture practices. The yield of fish culture was affected by pond conditions, family labor engagement, and resource endowment of the fisher family. Linkage with formal financial institutions, subsidized input support from the fishery department, and investment in human resource development of farmers might be some point of intervention to boost fish culture in the coastal zone of West Bengal, India.
Do céu ao inferno
Authors: Danieli Lisiane Andriolli 
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo, analiso a obra O Poço da Solidão (1928), de Radclyffe Hall (1880-1943), a partir de seu contexto de publicação e da construção narrativa da protagonista Stephen em relação à lesbianidade. Levando em consideração que Stephen transgride as imposições dos papéis sexuais da socialização feminina, abordo as teorias desenvolvidas por Simone de Beauvoir (1949) e, posteriormente, Monique Wittig (1980), dentre outras. Ao ter a possibilidade do que Virginia Woolf (1928) caracteriza como “um teto todo seu”, Stephen se destaca enquanto escritora, mas ainda assim passa por conflitos acerca de sua sexualidade devido aos discursos conservadores da família, da medicina e da religião, os quais incidem sobre ela e a impedem de ter uma existência lésbica plena.
Assessing Immunization Status and Factors Influencing Vaccination Coverage Among Children in Rural Suburbs of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Dikko Malami , Sarkingobir Yusuf , Abubakar Abdullahi Mukhtar , Salihu Ibrahim , Tukur Ummu 
Published: March 2023

Purpose – This study aimed to assess the immunization status of children in the rural suburbs of Sokoto state. The study aimed to examine the knowledge and perception of the respondents towards immunization, their vaccination coverage, and factors that may influence their immunization status.Design/methods/approach – This study, which took place in Sokoto state, Nigeria, used a questionnaire as the data collection instrument for a descriptive observational survey. The participants in the study consisted of opinion/community leaders, community men and women, and healthcare providers from the study area. The study population encompassed all people in the region under investigation. The sample size was 300 respondents selected through cluster sampling, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the X2 test.Findings – The study’s respondents were primarily male (66.7%), with a significant female population (33.3%), all aged 26-35. The majority were married (66.7%) and had tertiary education (66.7%), while some had secondary (16.7%) or primary education (16.7%). Immunization knowledge was primarily obtained through friends (66.7%) and healthcare workers (33.3%), with the expected time to begin immunization after nine months of age. All respondents had vaccinated their children and possessed vaccination cards. Factors affecting immunization included socioeconomic status (33.3%), beliefs (26.7%), geographic barriers (16.6%), and awareness (16.7%). The DPT1/DPT3 immunization coverage rate was 85%.Research implications/limitations – This study offers valuable insights for developing effective immunization programs in rural areas. The findings highlight the importance of educating friends and family members and promoting high levels of awareness and motivation towards immunization to encourage the adoption of similar strategies. However, it is essential to note that the study’s focus on immunization in children may limit its relevance to other age groups. Practical implications – Immunization is crucial for saving lives and protecting individuals, families, and communities from various diseases, offering profound benefits beyond health. This study has practical implications for policymakers, researchers, healthcare providers, students, and non-governmental organizations who can benefit from its findings to improve immunization strategies.Originality/value – This study provides valuable insights into the immunization status of children in rural areas of Sokoto state, highlighting the importance of education, awareness, and motivation towards immunization to promote higher vaccination coverage rates and improve public health.Paper type Research paper
Resolução de problemas usando a metodologia DMAIC
Authors: Rosa Laíza Moreira Alves , Oliveira Lucas Tadeu Bebiano de , Franco Rafael Messias , Silva Talita Baitz da , Braga Washington Luis Moreira 
Published: March 2023

O presente trabalho apresenta a aplicação da metodologia DMAIC como meio de obtenção de melhoria, resultando na padronização do processo produtivo e reestruturação organizacional do ambiente produtivo. A pesquisa foi realizada através de um estudo de caso, na qual foram realizadas observações e coletados dados no processo atual, sendo assim possível a proposição de melhorias em um comércio alimentício de pequeno porte, localizado no sul de Minas Gerais. Devido a pandemia de COVID-19, a mudança repentina na forma das pessoas consumirem comida foi uma surpresa para os donos de estabelecimentos do ramo da alimentação, pois o serviço de delivery passou a ter enorme procura. Sequentemente, o gerenciamento desde o pedido até a entrega passou a apresentar falhas, gerando insatisfação dos consumidores. O método DMAIC foi utilizado como metodologia de análise e solução de falhas para a coordenação das etapas, assim como a utilização de ferramentas da qualidade necessárias em cada uma das fases. Foram aplicadas apenas as quatro primeiras etapas do método (definir, medir, analisar e melhorar), pois até a presente data não foi possível a aplicação do plano de ação. Ademais, dentre as soluções propostas pelos autores, muitas exigem reformas no ambiente, realocação de postos de trabalho, reformulação dos processos produtivos, treinamento dos funcionários e aquisição de alguns equipamentos.
Normalized solutions for the p-Laplacian equation with a trapping potential
Authors: Wang Chao , Sun Juntao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, we are concerned with normalized solutions for the

p

p

-Laplacian equation with a trapping potential and

L

r

{L}^{r}

-supercritical growth, where

r
=
p

r=p

or

2
.

2.

The solutions correspond to critical points of the underlying energy functional subject to the

L

r

{L}^{r}

-norm constraint, namely,

∫

R

N

∣
u

∣

r

d
x
=
c

{\int }_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}}| u{| }^{r}{\rm{d}}x=c

for given

c
>
0
.

c\gt 0.

When

r
=
p
,

r=p,

we show that such problem has a ground state with positive energy for

c

c

small enough. When

r
=
2
,

r=2,

we show that such problem has at least two solutions both with positive energy, which one is a ground state and the other one is a high-energy solution.
Global Sobolev regular solution for Boussinesq system
Authors: Zhao Xiaofeng , Li Weijia , Yan Weiping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article is concerned with the study of the initial value problem for the three-dimensional viscous Boussinesq system in the thin domain

Ω
≔

R

2

×

(

0
,
R

)

\Omega := {{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}\times \left(0,R)

. We construct a global finite energy Sobolev regularity solution

(

v
,
ρ

)

∈

H

s

(

Ω

)

×

H

s

(

Ω

)

\left({\bf{v}},\rho )\in {H}^{s}\left(\Omega )\times {{\mathbb{H}}}^{s}\left(\Omega )

with the small initial data in the Sobolev space

H

s
+
2

(

Ω

)

×

H

s
+
2

(

Ω

)

{H}^{s+2}\left(\Omega )\times {{\mathbb{H}}}^{s+2}\left(\Omega )

. Some features of this article are the following: (i) we do not require the initial data to be axisymmetric; (ii) the Sobolev exponent

s

s

can be an arbitrary big positive integer; and (iii) the explicit asymptotic expansion formulas of Sobolev regular solution is given. The key point of the proof depends on the structure of the perturbation system by means of a suitable initial approximation function of the Nash-Moser iteration scheme.
A new parametrization for ideal classes in rings defined by binary forms, and applications
Authors: Swaminathan Ashvin A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We give a parametrization of square roots of the ideal
class of the inverse different of rings defined by binary forms in terms of the orbits of a coregular representation. This parametrization, which can be construed as a new integral model of a “higher composition law” discovered by Bhargava and generalized by Wood, was the missing ingredient needed to solve a range of previously intractable open problems concerning distributions of class groups, Selmer groups, and related objects. For instance, in this paper, we apply the parametrization to bound the average size of the 2-class group in families of number fields defined by binary n-ic forms, where

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

is an arbitrary integer, odd or even; in the paper [A. Swaminathan, Most integral odd-degree binary forms fail to properly represent a square, preprint 2020], we applied it to prove that most integral odd-degree binary forms fail to primitively represent a square; and in the paper [M. Bhargava, A. Shankar and A. Swaminathan,
The second moment of the size of the 2-Selmer group of elliptic curves,
preprint 2021], joint with Bhargava and Shankar, we applied it to bound the second moment of the size of the 2-Selmer group of elliptic curves.
Scalar curvature and deformations of complex structures
Authors: Scarpa Carlo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study a system of equations on a compact complex manifold, that couples the scalar curvature of a Kähler metric with a spectral function of a first-order deformation of the complex structure. The system comes from an infinite-dimensional Kähler reduction, which is a hyperkähler reduction for a particular choice of the spectral function. The main tool for studying the system is a flat connection on the space of first-order deformations of the complex structure, that allows to obtain a formal complexification of the moment map equations. Using this connection, we describe a variational characterization of the equations, a Futaki invariant for the system, and a generalization of K-stability that is conjectured to characterize the existence of solutions.