bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual bee foragers are less‐efficient transporters of pollen for plants from which they collect the most pollen in their scopae
Authors: Weinman Lucia R. , Ress Trent , Gardner Joel , Winfree Rachael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPremiseBees provision most of the pollen removed from anthers to their larvae and transport only a small proportion to stigmas, which can negatively affect plant fitness. Though most bee species collect pollen from multiple plant species, we know little about how the efficiency of bees' pollen transport varies among host plant species or how it relates to other aspects of generalist bee foraging behavior that benefit plant fitness, such as specialization on individual foraging bouts.MethodsWe compared the pollen collected and transported by three bee species for 46 co‐occurring plant species. Specifically, we compared the relative abundance of pollen taxa in the individual bees' scopae, structures where bees store pollen to provision larvae, with the relative abundance of pollen taxa on the rest of bees' bodies, which is more likely to be transferred to stigmas.ResultsBees carried five times more pollen grains in their scopae than elsewhere on their bodies. Within foraging bouts, bees were relatively specialized in their pollen collection, but transported proportionally less pollen for the host plants on which they specialized. Across foraging bouts, two bee species transported proportionally less pollen for some of their host plants than for others, though differences didn't consistently follow the same trend as at the foraging bout scale.ConclusionsOur results suggest that foraging‐bout specialization, which is known to reduce heterospecific pollen transfer, also results in less‐efficient pollen transport. Thus, bee foragers that visit predominantly one plant species may have contrasting effects on that plant's fitness.
Alzheimer's disease heterogeneity explained by polygenic risk scores derived from brain transcriptomic profiles
Authors: Chung Jaeyoon , Sahelijo Nathan , Maruyama Toru , Hu Junming , Panitch Rebecca , Xia Weiming , Mez Jesse , Stein Thor D. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Saykin Andrew J. , Takeyama Haruko , Farrer Lindsay A. , Crane Paul K. , Nho Kwangsik , Jun Gyungah R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is heterogeneous, both clinically and neuropathologically. We investigated whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) integrated with transcriptome profiles from AD brains can explain AD clinical heterogeneity.MethodsWe conducted co‐expression network analysis and identified gene sets (modules) that were preserved in three AD transcriptome datasets and associated with AD‐related neuropathological traits including neuritic plaques (NPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). We computed the module‐based PRSs (mbPRSs) for each module and tested associations with mbPRSs for cognitive test scores, cognitively defined AD subgroups, and brain imaging data.ResultsOf the modules significantly associated with NPs and/or NFTs, the mbPRSs from two modules (M6 and M9) showed distinct associations with language and visuospatial functioning, respectively. They matched clinical subtypes and brain atrophy at specific regions.DiscussionOur findings demonstrate that polygenic profiling based on co‐expressed gene sets can explain heterogeneity in AD patients, enabling genetically informed patient stratification and precision medicine in AD.HIGHLIGHTS
Co‐expression gene‐network analysis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains identified gene sets (modules) associated with AD heterogeneity.
AD‐associated modules were selected when genes in each module were enriched for neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Polygenic risk scores from two selected modules were linked to the matching cognitively defined AD subgroups (language and visuospatial subgroups).
Polygenic risk scores from the two modules were associated with cognitive performance in language and visuospatial domains and the associations were confirmed in regional‐specific brain atrophy data.
Peptide Cyclization by the Use of Acylammonium Species
Authors: Shamoto Otoka , Komuro Keiji , Sugisawa Naoto , Chen Ting‐Ho , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Fuse Shinichiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough cyclic peptides have become increasingly important as drugs, the most conventional peptide cyclization method using moderately active coupling agents suffers from a lot of waste and high cost as well as long reaction times and burdensome purification. Herein, we report an unconventional approach to peptide cyclization that uses acylammonium species generated from inexpensive and less wasteful Me2NBn and ClCO2i‐Pr. Using this approach, we observed the desired rapid activation of the C‐terminus of cyclization precursors by an acylammonium ion for rapid and epimerization/dimerization‐free cyclization of synthetically challenging peptides, including a difficult cyclization involving N‐methyl amide bond formation. The ease of purification, productivities, and reaction mass efficiencies of our approach were significantly superior to those in previous reports. We synthesized a previously reported versicotide D analogue, and our data indicated that its assigned stereostructure should be revised.
Bioorthogonally Assisted Phototherapy: Recent Advances and Prospects
Authors: Kozma Eszter , Bojtár Márton , Kele Péter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotoresponsive materials offer excellent spatiotemporal control over biological processes and the emerging phototherapeutic methods are expected to have significant effects on targeted cancer therapies. Recent examples show that combination of photoactivatable approaches with bioorthogonal chemistry enhances the precision of targeted phototherapies and profound implications are foreseen particularly in the treatment of disperse/diffuse tumors. The extra level of on‐target selectivity and improved spatial/temporal control considerably intensified related bioorthogonally assisted phototherapy research. The anticipated growth of further developments in the field justifies the timeliness of a brief summary of the state of the art.
Stabilizing Interfaces in High‐Temperature NCM811‐Li Batteries via Tuning Terminal Alkyl Chains of Ether Solvents
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Chen Changsheng , Wang Danni , Zhu Ye , Zhang Biao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEther electrolytes are promising for lithium metal batteries. Despite the intensive research in recent years, most state‐of‐the‐art ether electrolytes still cannot form reliable electrode‐electrolyte interfaces in NCM811‐Li batteries at diluted concentrations, especially in those operating at elevated temperatures. We report a simple but effective strategy to break this bottleneck and stabilize interfaces in high‐temperature NCM811‐Li batteries in ether electrolytes. We propose that by gradually extending the terminal groups of glycol diethers from methyl groups to n‐butyl groups, the comprehensive stability of ether electrolytes is improved. An anion‐dominated solvation structure is realized at a concentration of 1 M. Accordingly, the electrode‐electrolyte interactions are suppressed, and a thinner, denser, and more inorganic‐rich solid‐ /cathode‐electrolyte interface is achieved. Additionally, the surface phase transition and structural degradation of NCM811 cathode are alleviated. Consequently, in the ethylene glycol dibutyl ether‐based electrolyte, the Coulombic efficiency for Li−Cu cells working at 60 °C is boosted to 99.41 % with a cycling life of over 200 cycles. The lifespan of high‐temperature NCM811‐Li cells is prolonged by more than 400 % with a stable average Coulombic efficiency of 99.77 % at quasi‐practical conditions of 50 μm Li, lean electrolyte of 10 μL mAh−1, and medium‐high cathode loading of >2.2 mAh cm−2.
A Hydrogen Bonded Supramolecular Framework Birefringent Crystal
Authors: Li Yanqiang , Zhang Xu , Zheng Jieyu , Zhou Yang , Huang Weiqi , Song Yipeng , Wang Han , Song Xianyu , Luo Junhua , Zhao Sangen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBirefringent crystals could modulate the polarization of light and are widely used as polarizers, waveplates, optical isolators, etc. To date, commercial birefringent crystals have been exclusively limited to purely inorganic compounds such as α‐BaB2O4 with birefringence of about 0.12. Herein, we report a new hydrogen bonded supramolecular framework, namely, Cd(H2C6N7O3)2⋅8 H2O, which exhibits exceptionally large birefringence up to about 0.60. To the best of our knowledge, the birefringence of Cd(H2C6N7O3)2⋅8 H2O is significantly larger than those of all commercial birefringent crystals and is the largest among hydrogen bonded supramolecular framework crystals. First‐principles calculations and structural analyses reveal that the exceptional birefringence is mainly ascribed to strong covalent interactions within (H2C6N7O3)− organic ligands and the perfect coplanarity between them. Given the rich structural diversity and tunability, hydrogen bonded supramolecular frameworks would offer unprecedented opportunities beyond the traditional purely inorganic oxides for birefringent crystals.
Structural Switching of a Distorted Trigonal Metal‐Organic Cage to a Tetragonal Cage and Singlet Oxygen Mediated Oxidations
Authors: Banerjee Ranit , Chakraborty Debsena , Jhang Wei‐Ting , Chan Yi‐Tsu , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConstruction of metal–organic cages with unique architecture and guest binding abilities is highly desirable. Herein, we report the synthesis of a distorted trigonal cage (1) from a twisted tetratopic ligand (L) and a PdII acceptor. Surprisingly, 1 exhibited a complete structural reorganization of its building units in the presence of C70 and C60 to form guest‐encapsulated tetragonal cages, (C70)2@2 and (C60)2@2, respectively. These guest‐bound cages were found to be potential 1O2 generators, with the former effectively catalyzing two different varieties of 1O2‐mediated oxidation reactions.
High‐throughput Synthesis of Solution‐Processable van der Waals Heterostructures through Electrochemistry
Authors: Shi Huanhuan , Li Mengmeng , Fu Shuai , Neumann Christof , Li Xiaodong , Niu Wenhui , Lee Yunji , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. , Turchanin Andrey , Shaygan Nia Ali , Yang Sheng , Feng Xinliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional van der Waals heterostructures (2D vdWHs) have recently gained widespread attention because of their abundant and exotic properties, which open up many new possibilities for next‐generation nanoelectronics. However, practical applications remain challenging due to the lack of high‐throughput techniques for fabricating high‐quality vdWHs. Here, we demonstrate a general electrochemical strategy to prepare solution‐processable high‐quality vdWHs, in which electrostatic forces drive the stacking of electrochemically exfoliated individual assemblies with intact structures and clean interfaces into vdWHs with strong interlayer interactions. Thanks to the excellent combination of strong light absorption, interfacial charge transfer, and decent charge transport properties in individual layers, thin‐film photodetectors based on graphene/In2Se3 vdWHs exhibit great promise for near‐infrared (NIR) photodetection, owing to a high responsivity (267 mA W−1), fast rise (72 ms) and decay (426 ms) times under NIR illumination. This approach enables various hybrid systems, including graphene/In2Se3, graphene/MoS2 and graphene/MoSe2 vdWHs, providing a broad avenue for exploring emerging electronic, photonic, and exotic quantum phenomena.
Catalytic Photoinduced Intramolecular Decarboxylative and Desulfonylative sp3 Allylation Enabled by Sulfinate Salts
Authors: Haut Franz‐Lucas , Mega Riccardo S. , Estornell Joan V. , Martin Ruben 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, we describe a catalytic intramolecular decarboxylative/desulfonylative sp3 allylation triggered by sulfinate salts under light irradiation. The reaction is likely enabled by a non‐classical, radical‐polar crossover mechanism, allowing rapid and reliable access to valuable allyl architectures from readily accessible precursors. The protocol is characterized by its operational simplicity and scalability, employing abundant, commercially available catalysts.
Rh/Cr2O3 and CoOx Cocatalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting by Poly (Triazine Imide) Crystals
Authors: Liu Minghui , Zhang Guigang , Liang Xiaocong , Pan Zhiming , Zheng Dandan , Wang Sibo , Yu Zhiyang , Hou Yidong , Wang Xinchen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn situ photo‐deposition of both Pt and CoOx cocatalysts on the facets of poly (triazine imide) (PTI) crystals has been developed for photocatalytic overall water splitting. However, the undesired backward reaction (i.e., water formation) on the noble Pt surface is a spontaneously down‐hill process, which restricts their efficiency to run the overall water splitting reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that the efficiency for photocatalytic overall water splitting could be largely promoted by the decoration of Rh/Cr2O3 and CoOx as H2 and O2 evolution cocatalysts, respectively. Results reveal that the dual cocatalysts greatly extract charges from bulk to surface, while the Rh/Cr2O3 cocatalyst dramatically restrains the backward reaction, achieving an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 20.2 % for the photocatalytic overall water splitting reaction.
Introducing Water and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Organosodium Chemistry: Chemoselective Nucleophilic Functionalizations in Air
Authors: Dilauro Giuseppe , Luccarelli Cosimo , Quivelli Andrea F. , Vitale Paola , Perna Filippo M. , Capriati Vito 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdvancing the development of perfecting the use of polar organometallics in bio‐inspired solvents, we report on the effective generation in batch of organosodium compounds, by the oxidative addition of a C−Cl bond to sodium, a halogen/sodium exchange, or by direct sodiation, when using sodium bricks or neopentylsodium in hexane as sodium sources. C(sp3)‐, C(sp2)‐, and C(sp)‐hybridized alkyl and (hetero)aryl sodiated species have been chemoselectively trapped (in competition with protonolysis), with a variety of electrophiles when working “on water”, or in biodegradable choline chloride/urea or L‐proline/glycerol eutectic mixtures, under hydrous conditions and at room temperature. Additional benefits include a very short reaction time (20 s), a wide substrate scope, and good to excellent yields (up to 98 %) of the desired adducts. The practicality of the proposed protocol was demonstrated by setting up a sodium‐mediated multigram‐scale synthesis of the anticholinergic drug orphenadrine.
Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Hydrogenation of Cyclic Tetra‐Substituted β‐Enamido Phosphorus Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Hao , Xu Hui , Tang Xiaodong , Dang Yanfeng , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of enamido phosphorus derivatives is one of the most efficient methods for the construction of chiral amino phosphorus products, among which the congested tetra‐substituted substrates remains an unaddressed challenge. In this study, we utilize a commercially available Rh‐Josiphos system for the efficient and stereoselective hydrogenation of a wide set of tetra‐substituted cyclic β‐enamido phosphonates/phosphine oxides, thus enabling access to chiral β‐amino phosphorus compounds featuring two vicinal stereocenters. This protocol was broadly applicable to different ring systems possessing various phosphonate/phosphine oxide groups and further applied in the preparation of amino‐phosphine ligands. DFT mechanistic explorations indicate that the C=C migratory insertion into RhIII−H bond could be the rate‐ and stereo‐determining step. The origins of stereoselectivity are revealed through distortion/interaction analysis, which is primarily regulated by distinguished dispersion interactions and steric repulsions.
Chewing the fat: How lipidomics is changing our understanding of human health and disease in 2022
Authors: Géhin Caroline , Fowler Stephen J. , Trivedi Drupad K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLipids are biological molecules that play vital roles in all living organisms. They perform many cellular functions, such as 1) forming cellular and subcellular membranes, 2) storing and using energy, and 3) serving as chemical messengers during intra‐ and inter‐cellular signal transduction. The large‐scale study of the pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems is called “lipidomics” and is one of the fastest‐growingomicstechnologies of the last two decades. With state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometry instrumentation and sophisticated data handling, clinical studies show how human lipid composition changes in health and disease, thereby making it a valuable medium to collect for clinical applications, such as disease diagnostics, therapeutic decision‐making, and drug development. This review gives a comprehensive overview of current workflows used in clinical research, from sample collection and preparation to data and clinical interpretations. This is followed by an appraisal of applications in 2022 and a perspective on the exciting future of clinical lipidomics.
Artificial neural network coupled experimental investigation of tribological behavior of additive manufactured PETG/OMMT nanocomposites
Authors: Mahesh Vinyas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe advent of additive manufacturing has brought a paradigm shift in many engineering applications involving polymer composites. The current study aims at integrating artificial neural network (ANN) with experimentation to assess the wear properties of glycol‐modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) composites reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay (1%, 3%, and 5% weight percentages). The specimens are fabricated using fused deposition modeling technology. The proposed composites are compounded and developed using a single screw extruder with a diameter of 1.75 mm. As per ASTM G99 standard, the tribological characteristics were investigated using sliding wear with the dry pin on disc arrangement. The data points owing to the wear properties of PETG/OMMT nanocomposites are collected with the aid of the experimentation, which is then used to train the ANN model using Levenberg– Marquardt backward propagation algorithm. The experimental results show that adding OMMT nanoclay at a 3% weight percentage improves the wear properties of the composites compared to virgin PETG. A scanning electron microscope study of the wear mechanism reveals that adding OMMT nanoclay to the proposed composites results in mild wear as opposed to heavy wear in the case of virgin PETG. The ANN model developed to predict the tribological performance of PETG/OMMT facilitates better predictability with 99.6% accuracy, thereby reducing the requirement of expensive experimentation and analysis. The proposed composites may be applicable in the prosthetic, aerospace and automobile industries.
Bidirectional connectivity in fishways: A mitigation for impacts on fish migration of small hydropower facilities
Authors: Bravo‐Córdoba Francisco Javier , García‐Vega Ana , Fuentes‐Pérez Juan Francisco , Fernandes‐Celestino Leandro , Makrakis Sergio , Sanz‐Ronda Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Most freshwater fish need to move freely through rivers to complete their life cycles. Thus, river barriers (e.g. dams, culverts and gauging stations) may delay, hinder or even block their longitudinal movements, affecting fish conservation. The most widespread solution to allow upstream fish migration are fishways, whereas downstream migration is basically facilitated through spillways, turbines or specific solutions such as bypass systems.
So far, studies and scientific discussions concerning bidirectional movements through fishways are scarce and focused on large dams and reservoirs, mainly with large migratory species such as salmonids, rather than smaller facilities and lesser known species.
This study investigated bidirectional movements through a small run‐of‐the‐river hydropower plant with a pool‐and‐orifice type fishway, using the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), a potamodromous cyprinid, as the target species. Passive integrated transponder and radio tracking data were collected over 4 years and combined to characterize upstream and downstream movements. The study focused primarily on fish movements through the fishway, but also estimated the multiple associated routes of passage.
The results show diverse fish movements with inter‐ and intra‐annual variability, with several individuals performing bidirectional movements and even some fish returning over the years.
The documented movements and observations indicate that fishways can serve as an effective bidirectional migration corridor for fish, potentially enhancing the conservation efforts for potamodromous species. This study supports the decision to use fishways as an overall mitigation tool to reduce the impact of small hydropower facilities on fish.
3D geometric survey of cultural heritage by UAV in inaccessible coastal or shallow aquatic environments
Authors: Gil‐Docampo Mariluz , Peña‐Villasenín Simón , Bettencourt Ana M. S. , Ortiz‐Sanz Juan , Peraleda‐Vázquez Sara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCultural heritage in coastal or shallow aquatic environments is often located in areas where access is difficult or where accurate survey and documentation may not always be possible with terrestrial or aquatic equipment. The combination of photogrammetry and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) generates a range of possibilities across multiple sectors, including history, ethnography and cultural heritage studies. Additionally, these methods can be used to prospect new archaeological sites. This article presents three case studies that use UAV techniques and Structure from Motion and Multiview Stereo (SfM‐MVS) photogrammetry to conduct topographic and geometric registrations of archaeological, historical and ethnographic sites (some of which are classified as cultural heritage sites). These examples are located in coastal or shallow aquatic environments that are difficult to survey with traditional methods. The results show that it is possible to carry out detailed geometric registration and heritage prospection over large coastal or shallow aquatic environments using a low‐cost UAV. Furthermore, the results of this work show great advantages in terms of cost and quality, even in cases where the seabed is below a shallow water column. Other particularities of SfM‐MVS application in aquatic environments are discussed. From an interdisciplinary perspective, this methodology will offer new possibilities for the study, restoration and conservation of archaeological, historical and ethnographic monuments.