bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Membrane‐Free Decoupled Water Electrolyzer Operating at Simulated Fluctuating Renewables with Tri‐Functional NiCo‐P Electrode
Authors: Liang Shuaika , Ma Yuanyuan , Luo Hongxia , Wu Kangxi , Chen Jun , Yang Jianping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater electrolysis has been considered a promising technology for the conversion of renewables to hydrogen. However, preventing mixing of products (H2 and O2) and exploring cost‐efficient electrolysis components remains challenging for conventional water electrolyzers. Herein, we designed a membrane‐free decoupled water electrolysis system by using graphite felt supported nickel‐cobalt phosphate (GF@NixCoy‐P) material as a tri‐functional (redox mediator, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER)) electrode. The versatile GF@Ni1Co1‐P electrode obtained by a one‐step electrodeposition not only exhibits high specific capacity (176 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and long cycle life (80 % capacity retention after 3000 cycles) as a redox mediator, but also has relatively outstanding catalytic activities for HER and OER. The excellent properties of the GF@NixCoy‐P electrode endow this decoupled system with more flexibility for H2 production by fluctuating renewable energies. This work provides guidance for multifunctional applications of transition metal compounds between energy storage and electrocatalysis.
Electrocardiographic characteristics of cirrhotic patients and their association with Child‐Pugh score
Authors: Jahangiri Soodeh , Abdiardekani Alireza , Jamshidi Saideh , Askarinejad Amir , Mosalamiaghili SeyedArad , Bazrafshan Mehdi , Karimi Mohamadreza , Bazrafshan Hanieh , Bazrafshan drissi Hamed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac dysfunction is a serious complication of cirrhosis which is usually asymptomatic. We investigated the clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG)‐related factors among patients with cirrhosis and our aim was to find any associations between ECG changes and the etiology of cirrhosis, as well as Child‐Pugh score.HypothesisWe hypothesized that some ECG‐related factors, particularly prolonged QT interval, are more common in patients with cirrhosis. Also, these factors are associated with the severity of cirrhosis, measured by the Child‐Pugh score.MethodsFrom April 2019 to December 2022, we reviewed admitted patients to Namazi and Abu‐Ali Sina hospitals, Shiraz, Iran. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of cirrhosis and without concurrent disorders affecting the cardiovascular system were selected. Clinical and ECG‐related data were then extracted for participants, and Child‐Pugh score was calculated.ResultsA total of 425 patients were included; the median age was 36 years, and 245 patients (57.6%) were men. Cryptogenic and primary sclerosing cholangitis were the most common etiologies. Prolonged QT followed by early transitional zone were the most common ECG changes (24.7% and 19.8%, respectively), which were significantly associated with the etiology of cirrhosis and Child‐Pugh class.ConclusionsProlonged QT interval and presence of early transitional zone in patients with cirrhosis may indicate cardiac dysfunction, necessitating further evaluations.
An anatomically distinct subpopulation of orexin neurons project from the lateral hypothalamus to the olfactory bulb
Authors: Qi Meizhu , Fadool Debra Ann , Storace Douglas A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOlfactory cues play a key role in natural behaviors such as finding food, finding mates, and avoiding predators. In principle, the ability of the olfactory system to carry out these perceptual functions would be facilitated by signaling related to an organism's physiological state. One candidate pathway includes a direct projection from the hypothalamus to the main olfactory bulb, the first stage of olfactory sensory processing. The pathway from the hypothalamus to the main olfactory bulb is thought to include neurons that express the neuropeptide orexin, although the proportion that is orexinergic remains unknown. A current model proposes that the orexin population is heterogeneous, yet it remains unknown whether the proportion that innervates the main olfactory bulb reflects a distinct subpopulation of the orexin population. Herein, we carried out combined retrograde tract tracing with immunohistochemistry for orexin‐A in the mouse to define the proportion of hypothalamic input to the main olfactory bulb that is orexinergic and to determine what fraction of the orexin‐A population innervates the bulb. The numbers and spatial positions of all retrogradely labeled neurons and all the orexin‐A‐expressing neurons were quantified in sequential sections through the hypothalamus. Retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral hypothalamus, of which 22% expressed orexin‐A. The retrogradely labeled neurons that did and did not express orexin‐A could be anatomically distinguished based on their spatial position and cell body area. Remarkably, only 7% of all the orexin‐A neurons were retrogradely labeled, suggesting that only a small fraction of the orexin‐A population directly innervate the main olfactory bulb. These neurons spatially overlapped with the orexin‐A neurons that did not innervate the bulb, although the two cell populations were differentiated based on cell body area. Overall, these results support a model in which olfactory sensory processing is influenced by orexinergic feedback at the first synapse in the olfactory processing pathway.
Biogenesis, function, and landscape of tsRNAs in central nervous system diseases
Authors: Yang Kaiying , Sun Yu , Zhao Jie , He Chang , Pan Xudong , Zhu Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are fragments that originate from mature or precursor tRNAs and are a subclass of sRNAs. With the development of high‐throughput sequencing techniques, the real feature of tsRNAs has gradually been revealed. tsRNAs are functional fragments of distinct lengths produced by the cleavage of mature or precursor tRNAs by different ribonuclease enzymes. tsRNAs exert extensive functions, including gene silencing, translational regulation, and reverse transcriptional regulation, affecting cell viability and differentiation and participating in pathological processes of various diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Emerging sequencing evidence indicates that tsRNAs are expressed differently in various CNS diseases, preliminary suggesting that tsRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, glioma, epilepsy, and other CNS diseases. In addition, significant differences expression of extracellular tsRNAs in circulating or cerebrospinal fluid between patients and normal individuals have demonstrated the diagnostic and prognostic value of tsRNAs as biomarkers for liquid biopsy. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the biogenesis, function, and chemical modification of tsRNAs, focusing on the current status and prospects of research on tsRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, glioma, epilepsy, and others.
Generation and characterization of a Dkk4‐Cre knock‐in mouse line
Authors: Khatif Houda , Bazzi Hisham 
Published: July 2023

SummaryEctodermal appendages in mammals, such as teeth, mammary glands, sweat glands and hair follicles, are generated during embryogenesis through a series of mesenchymal–epithelial interactions. Canonical Wnt signaling and its inhibitors are implicated in the early steps of ectodermal appendage development and patterning. To study the activation dynamics of the Wnt target and inhibitor Dickkopf4 (Dkk4) in ectodermal appendages, we used CRSIPR/Cas9 to generate a Dkk4‐Cre knock‐in mouse (Mus musculus) line, where the Cre recombinase cDNA replaces the expression of endogenous Dkk4. Using Cre reporters, the Dkk4‐Cre activity was evident at the prospective sites of ectodermal appendages, overlapping with the Dkk4 mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, a predominantly mesenchymal cell population in the embryo posterior also showed Dkk4‐Cre activity. Lineage‐tracing suggested that these cells are likely derived from a few Dkk4‐Cre‐expressing cells in the epiblast at early gastrulation. Finally, our analyses of Dkk4‐Cre‐expressing cells in developing hair follicle epithelial placodes revealed intra‐ and inter‐placodal cellular heterogeneity, supporting emerging data on the positional and transcriptional cellular variability in placodes. Collectively, we propose the new Dkk4‐Cre knock‐in mouse line as a suitable model to study Wnt and DKK4 inhibitor dynamics in early mouse development and ectodermal appendage morphogenesis.
Tunicate Eco‐Evo‐Devo laboratory in IMS‐METU
Authors: Karahan Arzu 
Published: July 2023

SummaryI completed my undergraduate education in Atatürk University, Education Faculty, Biology Department. Then pursued my graduate education at the Biology Department of Mersin University. Both my master's and PhD theses were on the biological and population genetics features of various fish species. My initial encounter with tunicates dates back to my Postdoc at Israel Oceanographic and Limnologic Research Institute (IOLR) in 2011, where I was working on a DNA barcoding project. During that time, the entire institute was actively engaged in research on tunicates, and discussions during lunchtime often revolved around this fascinating group of organisms. Prof. Rinkevich usually only spoke seriously about tunicate biology but 1 day he told me “You know Botryllus schlosseri is riding horse in Black Sea coasts of Turkiye.” I was totally surprised and was trying to understand the meaning of this comment from a scientific perspective. He then showed me the picture of a B. schlosseri colony attached to a seahorse. Following several more Postdoc experiences, I began working as a Principal Investigator at Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University (IMS‐METU) in 2017. Since then, my team and I have been working on tunicate biodiversity, evolutionary biology, genomics, DNA barcoding, metabarcoding, metabolomics, whole‐body regeneration (WBR) and aging related pathways.
Plant sex influences on riparian communities and ecosystems
Authors: Scheuerell River P. , LeRoy Carri J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the past several decades, we have increased our understanding of the influences of plant genetics on associated communities and ecosystem functions. These influences have been shown at both broad spatial scales and across many plant families, creating an active subdiscipline of ecology research focused on genes‐to‐ecosystems connections. One complex aspect of plant genetics is the distinction between males and females in dioecious plants. The genetic determinants of plant sex are poorly understood for most plants, but the influences of plant sex on morphological, physiological, and chemical plant traits are well‐studied. We argue that these plant traits, controlled by plant sex, may have wide‐reaching influences on both terrestrial and aquatic communities and ecosystem processes, particularly for riparian plants. Here we systematically review the influences of plant sex on plant traits, influences of plant traits on terrestrial community members, and how interactions between plant traits and terrestrial community members can influence terrestrial ecosystem functions in riparian forests. We then extend these influences into adjacent aquatic ecosystem functions and aquatic communities to explore how plant sex might influence linked terrestrial‐aquatic systems as well as the physical structure of riparian systems. This review highlights data gaps in empirical studies exploring the direct influences of plant sex on communities and ecosystems but draws inference from community and ecosystem genetics. Overall, this review highlights how variation by plant sex has implications for climate change adaptations in riparian habitats, the evolution and range shifts of riparian species and the methods used for conserving and restoring riparian systems.
Phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits in response to experimental precipitation increase: Wettability, foliar water uptake and gas exchange
Authors: Cavallaro Agustín , Carbonell‐Silletta Luisina , Askenazi Javier O. , Goldstein Guillermo , Bucci Sandra J. , Scholz Fabián G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater availability is one of the factors affecting plant growth and development, especially in arid and semiarid environments. Changes in precipitation due climate change alter water availability to plants impacting on plant physiology. Numerous studies have focused on plant response to reduced precipitation and less on the effects of increased precipitation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate biophysical and physiological leaf traits in response to experimental water addition in four dominant shrubs and one grass species in a Patagonian steppe, during the dry season. The experiment consisted of two treatments: control and water addition, increasing the average annual rainfall by 25% during 6 years. We measured leaf wettability, water status, transpiration, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and foliar water uptake (FWU). In addition, we determined the phenotypic plasticity index of these evaluated traits. We expected lower FWU and higher transpiration and photosynthesis rates due changes in leaf surface properties under water addition treatment. All study species responded significantly to treatment with higher loss of water per transpiration and lower FWU. Also, all species increased photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency (WUE). However, water potential and leaf wettability did not change with higher precipitation. Thus, higher phenotypic plasticity was observed in functional than in morphological traits. Since functional traits were more sensitive than leaf surface traits, plants may quickly take advantage when environmental conditions tend to be more favourable to growth. Our findings suggest that plants of Patagonian steppe have adaptive ability to respond to environmental changes through plastic responses.
Applying MgO‐modified date tree fiber as a nanoadsorbent for nitrate removal from water
Authors: Gholamian Meysam , Manteghi Faranak 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModified date tree fiber has been applied as a nanoadsorbent to remove nitrate ion from wastewater. When the nitrate concentration in drinking water is more than a significant amount, nitrate removal will be a technical challenge. Since correction of the adsorbent surface by metals and metal oxides can significantly increase its adsorption capacity, nano‐adsorbent production using hard and porous fibers of date palm, was corrected by adding MgCl2·6H2O. Consequently, the formation of MgO particles with the dimension of 17.34 nm increased the adsorbent contact with water pollutants. The nitrate adsorption is by forming MgO layers on cellulose and hemicellulose as constituents of the fibers which with their hydroxyl groups, create a high potential for nitrate and even other oxanions removal in water through interaction between magnesium ion and empty spaces in the structure of fiber. Examining the pH of process as an influential factor, we found that pH 5 is the optimum value for having a maximum adsorption. The adsorption capacity, 55.30 mg·g−1 of MgO‐date tree fiber with a removal efficiency of about 90% indicates a high ability of removal. Moreover, a decrease of 0.05 mg g−1 in the capacity of nano‐adsorbent and 0.09% efficiency reduction of nitrate removal indicates the regeneration and reproducibility of the nano‐adsorbent after four cycles of adsorption and desorption. Therefore, the adsorbent obtained from carbon fiber of date tree modified with magnesium oxide as a novel inexpensive nano‐bio‐adsorbent recycled from native agricultural wastes will have the potential to significantly remove nitrate from wastewater.
Biomembrane force probe (BFP): Design, advancements, and recent applications to live‐cell mechanobiology
Authors: Moldovan Laura , Song Caroline Haoran , Chen Yiyao Catherine , Wang Haoqing Jerry , Ju Lining Arnold 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMechanical forces play a vital role in biological processes at molecular and cellular levels, significantly impacting various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and COVID‐19. Recent advancements in dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) techniques have enabled the application and measurement of forces and displacements with high resolutions, providing crucial insights into the mechanical pathways underlying these diseases. Among DFS techniques, the biomembrane force probe (BFP) stands out for its ability to measure bond kinetics and cellular mechanosensing with pico‐newton and nano‐meter resolutions. Here, a comprehensive overview of the classical BFP‐DFS setup is presented and key advancements are emphasized, including the development of dual biomembrane force probe (dBFP) and fluorescence biomembrane force probe (fBFP). BFP‐DFS allows us to investigate dynamic bond behaviors on living cells and significantly enhances the understanding of specific ligand‐receptor axes mediated cell mechanosensing. The contributions of BFP‐DFS to the fields of cancer biology, thrombosis, and inflammation are delved into, exploring its potential to elucidate novel therapeutic discoveries. Furthermore, future BFP upgrades aimed at improving output and feasibility are anticipated, emphasizing its growing importance in the field of cell mechanobiology. Although BFP‐DFS remains a niche research modality, its impact on the expanding field of cell mechanobiology is immense.
Investigating the contribution of mulberry leaf Fu tea to ameliorating metabolic disorders and remodeling gut microbiota in diabetic mice
Authors: Li Hongcai , Yang Siqi , Fan Lingjia , Luo Lin , Lei Wenzhi , Tan Pei , Yue Tianli , Gao Zhenpeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders contributes to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Polyphenols reduce the risk of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting α‐glucosidase. Mulberry leaf Fu tea (FM) is a kind of tea obtained by the fermentation of Eurotium cristatum, which is polyphenol‐enriched and has a distinctive aroma, but its antidiabetic mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the polyphenols in the aqueous extract of FM through HRLC‐MS and verified its inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase in vitro test and finally studied its effect on gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in diabetic mice. The findings demonstrated that FM supplementation considerably altered gut microbiota abnormalities in diabetic mice, maintained the balance of microflora, encouraged the growth of beneficial microorganisms (Coriobacteriaceae UCG‐002, Dubosiella, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium), and increased levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. In conclusion, FM can regulate gut microbiota and SCFAs to ameliorate or alleviate T2DM caused by HFD‐STZ. Therefore, FM can also be used as postbiotics to improve T2DM.
Building deep learning and traditional chemometric models based on Fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy: Identification of wild and cultivated Gastrodia elata
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Honggao , Li Jieqing , Wang Yuanzhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo identify wild and cultivated Gastrodia elata quickly and accurately, this study is the first to apply three‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (3DCOS) images combined with deep learning models to the identification of G. elata. The spectral data used for model building do not require any preprocessing, and the spectral data are converted into three‐dimensional spectral images for model building. For large sample studies, the time cost is minimized. In addition, a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model and a support vector machine (SVM) model are built for comparison with the deep learning model. The overall effect of the deep learning model is significantly better than that of the traditional chemometric models. The results show that the model achieves 100% accuracy in the training set, test set, and external validation set of the model built after 46 iterations without preprocessing the original spectral data. The sensitivity, specificity, and the effectiveness of the model are all 1. The results concluded that the deep learning model is more effective than the traditional chemometric model and has greater potential for application in the identification of wild and cultivated G. elata.
e‐Delphiin the outdoors: Stakeholder contributions to the development of a wellbeing‐focused outdoor adventure education intervention program
Authors: Down Michael J. A. , Picknoll Duncan , Hoyne Gerard , Piggott Ben , Bulsara Caroline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedOutdoor adventure education (OAE) (programs involving outdoor activities such as rock climbing or white‐water canoeing) that participants perceive as risky, conducted in a social support setting, can be utilised by practitioners to elicit changes in educational and psychosocial outcomes to support participant adolescent wellbeing.MethodsThis study garnered the opinions of an expert OAE panel on the content of future programs aiming to impact adolescent wellbeing. The panel consisted of local (Western Australia,n = 7), national (Australia,n = 4), and international (Canada, Germany, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States,n = 7) experts. A two‐round, mixed‐methods Delphi approach was employed. Extensive formative work led to the development of a series of open‐ended questions requiring qualitative responses for round one. Panellists were also asked to respond to 17 statements using Likert scales in the second round.ResultsAfter analysis, a consensus was reached for all statements, with five statements having high consensus and being considered important by panellists.ConclusionsThe statement ‘Equity for all participants requires flexible delivery and facilitation’ had the highest level of agreement amongst panellists. Connections, authentic experiences, and equitable experiences developed as key themes.So What?Future OAE interventions focused on wellbeing impact could use the findings of this research as a basis for program design.
How can scope of practice be described and conceptualised in medical and health professions? A systematic review for scoping and content analysis
Authors: Downie Sharon , Walsh Jill , Kirk‐Brown Andrea , Haines Terry P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe term scope of practice (SOP) refers to the limits of a health professional's knowledge, skills and experience and reflects all tasks and activities they undertake within the context of their professional role. Inconsistency in definitions of SOP contributes to uncertainty and confusion regarding professional practice boundaries and potentially impacts societal access to safe, effective and efficient healthcare options. The aim of this paper is to understand the conceptual diversity that may exist in terminology used to describe medical, nursing/midwifery and allied health SOP within an Australian practice context exemplar.MethodsA systematic review for scoping and content analysis of SOP definitions and concepts, involving inductive thematic analysis and synthesis of published and grey literature.ResultsThe initial search strategy yielded 11,863 hits, of which 379 were suitable for inclusion. Data coding identified various SOP terms and definitions and the emergence of six, conceptual elements underpinning the theoretical construct. These were subsequently proposed as a preliminary conceptual model (‘Solar’) to explain how the six conceptual elements may be applied across various professions, clinical settings and jurisdictions to better understand and address current and evolving SOP issues.ConclusionThe findings of this study highlight limited consistency in SOP definitions and terminology within a single jurisdiction, and the conceptual complexity of the underlying theoretical construct. Further research is required to build on the proposed ‘Solar’ conceptual model and create a universal SOP definition across jurisdictions, to enhance understanding of the importance of SOP to workforce policy, clinical governance, service models and patient outcomes.