bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF COURTS IN PLASTIC POLLUTION GOVERNANCE
Authors: Varvastian Samvel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlastic pollution is a planetary crisis posing a significant threat to humans and the environment. The regulatory response to this crisis has so far been piecemeal and has not prevented the accumulation and ubiquity of plastic pollution. The growing concern over plastic pollution and the first regulatory measures directed against it soon resulted in court cases. By early 2023, cases concerning plastic pollution emerged in more than 30 countries around the world. From holding private polluters accountable to considering the constitutionality of restrictions on certain plastic products and to ordering regulatory bodies to adopt or implement such measures, courts are playing an increasingly important role in plastic pollution governance.
Classification of IR Images of Small Eruptions at the Erebus Volcano, Antarctica, With Zernike Moments and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Honarbakhsh L. , Morra G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo investigate the explosive nature of the Erebus volcano, Antarctica, millions of infrared images of the Ray lava lake were analyzed to identify time and position of non‐explosive small eruptions (NESEs). We developed a new technique based on two steps: (a) feature recognition using Zernike moments of the IR images and (b) classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) applied to Zernike moments. Measures of the performance score were at least higher than 97% via different metrics for different categorization tasks. We observed distinctly different Zernike spectrums between NESEs and no‐eruption images. In the three months with the best quality images (December 2013, December 2014, and January 2015), out of about one million images per month, 654, 405, and 3,650 NESEs were detected, respectively. Using k‐means clustering three activity regimes emerged: low (≤4 NESEs per hour), intermediate (4 <NESEs per hour <14), and intense (≥14 NESEs per hour). December 2013 and December 2014 were associated with low and medium activity regimes only, while January 2015 had mainly medium and intense activity. The frequency of large eruptions and of NESEs do not show a correlation, supporting the hypothesis of the existence of multiple deep processes at the origin of the gas release. Space analysis of NESEs shows that they emerge over the surface primarily above the conduit, but not isotropically, pointing to complex interaction with the magma lake convection.
Understanding the Physical Forcings Behind the Biogeochemical Productivity of the Hudson Bay Complex
Authors: Deschepper Inge , Myers Paul G. , Lavoie Diane , Papakyriakou Tim , Maps Fréderic 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultiple factors influence the spatial and temporal chlorophyll‐a concentration of marine systems. The Hudson Bay Complex has historically been seen as a large, low‐production inland sea situated in the north of Canada. However, recent field campaigns, for the BaySys project, have provided new data on primary production in the bay. Due to the Hudson Bay complex's positioning, it experiences seasonal sea‐ice cover and has many rivers draining into it, resulting in a unique estuarine‐like environment. We use the biogeochemical model BLINGv0 + DIC, coupled to the online regional physical oceanographic and sea‐ice models, NEMOv3.6 and LIM2, respectively, forced with two bias‐corrected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 climate forcings (MIROC5 and MRI) to simulate the base of the ecosystem. The simulations were evaluated with chlorophyll‐a satellite imagery and observations collected in 2018 and analyzed with Empirical Orthogonal Functions to understand the underlying physical forcings and key areas of chlorophyll‐a concentration distribution. The evaluation showed that both simulations successfully reproduced the sea‐ice melt, from west to east and formation, from north to south and correlated well with spatial bloom patterns. The main drivers of phytoplankton growth are the seasonal light and nutrient levels (48% and 54%), the mixed layer depth dynamics (18% and 14%), nutrient supply from rivers (13% and 8%), and sea ice production (7%) for the MIROC5 and MRI simulations, respectively. The sea‐ice dynamics and river runoff played a significant role in the system's productivity. Therefore, with future climate change and increased river regulation projects, up to 20% of overall chlorophyll‐a may be negatively impacted.
Asymmetric Impacts of El Niño Development and Decay Stages on the Hadley Circulation
Authors: Feng Juan , Ji Xuanliang , Li Jianping , He Enye 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe impact of El Niño on the Hadley Circulation (HC) has been a topic of previous studies, but the results have been inconclusive. We study how El Niño affects the HC during different stages of its cycle. In development years, the HC anomaly shows an equatorial quasi‐symmetric pattern, while in decay years, it shows an asymmetric pattern. This resolves previous discrepancies among studies about El Niño's impacts on the HC. The differences in tropical sea surface temperature (SST) during different stages of El Niño cause differences in SST meridional gradients, which determine the location of convergence. This explains why the HC anomalies have different spatial structures during El Niño development and decay years. Our results show that the meridional distribution of SST during different El Niño stages has significantly distinct impacts on meridional circulation and clarify the differences in El Niño's effects on climate.
Fluxbots: A Method for Building, Deploying, Collecting and Analyzing Data From an Array of Inexpensive, Autonomous Soil Carbon Flux Chambers
Authors: Forbes Elizabeth , Benenati Vincent , Frey Spencer , Hirsch Mare , Koech George , Lewin Grace , Mantas John Naisikie , Caylor Kelly 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoil carbon flux rates are a crucial metric of carbon cycling that contribute to calculating an ecosystem's carbon budget, and thus whether it is a source or sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, soil carbon flux datasets are frequently low‐resolution across either space or time, limiting our abilities to identify small‐scale ecological contexts that influence soil carbon dynamics. Existing datasets are distributed unevenly, with some soil carbon‐rich regions (like tropical grasslands) significantly understudied. We developed an autonomous, inexpensive, do‐it‐yourself (DIY) soil carbon flux chamber (a “fluxbot”) and data processing software. We deployed a distributed array of 12 fluxbots in a long‐term experiment in a central Kenyan savanna where it has been logistically impossible to collect high‐resolution soil carbon flux data. With this array we collected over 10,000 individual flux estimates over almost two months, spanning the end of a dry season and the start of a wet season. With our successful deployment in situ, we demonstrate the potential for low‐cost, autonomous, DIY sensors in improving resolution of soil carbon flux datasets (particularly in under‐studied or logistically challenging systems). If implemented widely, such an improvement in data collection capacities could improve our understanding of ecological and climatic drivers of soil carbon flux dynamics on the local to global scale.
Exploring Spatiotemporal Paleoenvironmental and Paleoceanographic Changes on the Continental Shelf Using Authigenic Greigite: A Case Study From the East China Sea
Authors: Liu Jianxing , Xu Taoyu , Zhang Qiang , Yu Xiaoxiao , Wu Yonghua , Liu Qingsong , Shi Xuefa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe lack of suitable indicators of changes in such as sea‐level and circulation has been a major limit to paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic investigations in continental shelf regions. This paper presents an environmental magnetic study by comparing two late‐Quaternary sediment cores (DH02 and DH03) from the outer shelf of the East China Sea (ECS). Late and early Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 sediments were deposited in a prodelta under cold coastal currents and an open‐shelf with the Taiwan Warm Current and upwelling. The dominant iron‐bearing minerals of the late and early MIS 3 sediments are authigenic greigite (Fe3S4) and pyrite (FeS2), respectively, which were assumed to be formed nearly syndepositionally. The overlying sediments, however, are magnetically dominated by detrital magnetite. This pattern corresponds well to the temporal changes in sea‐level over this period. The widespread occurrence of greigite in the late MIS 3 sediments can also be used for future stratigraphic division and correlation in the ECS. Additionally, compared to microfossil assemblages, rock magnetic parameters based on greigite may be more sensitive to environmental changes on continental shelves. Furthermore, the inter‐borehole spatial comparisons imply not only a sedimentary hiatus/erosion of at least 30‐m thickness in core DH02, most probably during the Last Glacial Maximum, but also that core DH02 was in a more reductive environment than core DH03 during late MIS 3. The findings highlight the potential of authigenic greigite as an indicator of spatiotemporal changes in paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic conditions on the continental shelf at orbital or even suborbital timescales.
A Physics‐Aware Machine Learning‐Based Framework for Minimizing Prediction Uncertainty of Hydrological Models
Authors: Roy Abhinanda , Kasiviswanathan K. S. , Patidar Sandhya , Adeloye Adebayo J. , Soundharajan Bankaru‐Swamy , Ojha Chandra Shekhar P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModeling hydrological processes for managing the available water resources effectively is often complex due to the existence of high nonlinearity, and the associated prediction uncertainty mainly arising from model inputs, parameters, and structure. Despite several attempts to quantify the model prediction uncertainty, reducing the same for improving the reliability of models is indispensable for their wider acceptance. This paper presents a novel modeling framework for minimizing the prediction uncertainty in the streamflow simulation of the conceptual hydrological model (HBV) by integrating with the Bayesian‐based Particle Filter technique (PF) and machine learning algorithm (Random Forest algorithm, RF). Initially, the streamflow prediction interval (PI) is derived from the stochastically estimated parameters of the HBV model through the PF technique (HBV‐PF model). As the HBV‐PF model quantifies only parametric uncertainty, the RF algorithm was employed (HBV‐PF‐RF model) for further minimizing the prediction uncertainty by inherently taking care of different sources of uncertainty. The RF algorithm inherently combines the physics of the hydrological system (i.e., process‐based variables) with machine learning‐based approach to minimize the overall prediction uncertainty. The proposed framework was analyzed on Nepal and India's Sunkoshi and Beas River basins, through several statistical performance indices for assessing the accuracy and uncertainty of the model prediction. The framework was observed to be consistently improving the model performance minimizing the uncertainty in both watersheds. Therefore, the proposed framework can be considered to be more reliable in improving the prediction capability of hydrological models.
Initial severity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-30, its main subscales plus the PANSS-6, and the relationship to subsequent improvement and trial dropout: a pooled participant-level analysis of 18 placebo-controlled risperidone and paliperidone trials
Authors: Hieronymus Fredrik , Correll Christoph Ulrich , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGreater initial severity on the 30-item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-30) correlates positively with antipsychotic-placebo separation and trial dropout, but it is unknown whether these associations are present also on PANSS-derived subscales. We assessed the relationship between initial severity and antipsychotic-placebo separation as measured by PANSS-30 and four PANSS symptom subscales: the positive (PANSS-POS), negative (PANSS-NEG), general (PANSS-GEN) and 6-item (PANSS-6) subscales, using patient-level data from 18 placebo-controlled risperidone and paliperidone trials. Analysis of covariance in the intention-to-treat population (last-observation-carried-forward) was used to assess antipsychotic-placebo separation and trial dropout. Across 6685 participants (90% schizophrenia, 10% schizoaffective disorder), the initial severity-by-treatment interaction was statistically significant for PANSS-30 (beta: −0.155; p < 0.001) and all PANSS subscales (beta range: −0.097 to −0.135; p-value range: < 0.001 to 0.002). In all cases, antipsychotic-placebo differences increased with initial severity. Judging by the distribution of relative outcomes (percent remaining symptoms), the interaction was partly explained by an increased chance of responding, but also by larger numerical responses in those who did respond, as initial severity increased. Except for PANSS-NEG, high initial severity on all PANSS scales predicted increased trial dropout, although not statistically significantly so for PANSS-6. In summary, we thus replicate previous findings showing greater initial severity to predict larger antipsychotic-placebo separation and extend these results to four PANSS subscales. For PANSS-POS and PANSS-GEN, but not for PANSS-NEG and PANSS-6, we also replicate the association between initial severity and trial dropout. Patients with low initial negative symptom severity were identified as a group of particular interest for further study since their results diverged most from the average both with regard to antipsychotic-placebo separation (low separation measured by PANSS-NEG) and trial dropout (high level).
The ufmylation modification of ribosomal protein L10 in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Kun , Chen Siyu , Wu Yue , Wang Yang , Lu Yousheng , Sun Yanzi , Chen Yijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is the most malignant cancer with a high mortality rate. Despite the association of ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) with PAAD and previous reports on RPL26 ufmylation, the relationship between RPL10 ufmylation and PAAD development remains unexplored. Here, we report the dissection of ufmylating process of RPL10 and potential roles of RPL10 ufmylation in PAAD development. The ufmylation of RPL10 was confirmed in both pancreatic patient tissues and cell lines, and specific modification sites were identified and verified. Phenotypically, RPL10 ufmylation significantly increased cell proliferation and stemness, which is principally resulted from higher expression of transcription factor KLF4. Moreover, the mutagenesis of ufmylation sites in RPL10 further demonstrated the connection of RPL10 ufmylation with cell proliferation and stemness. Collectively, this study reveals that PRL10 ufmylation plays an important role to enhance the stemness of pancreatic cancer cells for PAAD development.
Elevated plasma complement factor H related 5 protein is associated with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Iglesias Maria Jesus , Sanchez-Rivera Laura , Ibrahim-Kosta Manal , Naudin Clément , Munsch Gaëlle , Goumidi Louisa , Farm Maria , Smith Philip M. , Thibord Florian , Kral-Pointner Julia Barbara , Hong Mun-Gwan , Suchon Pierre , Germain Marine , Schrottmaier Waltraud , Dusart Philip , Boland Anne , Kotol David , Edfors Fredrik , Koprulu Mine , Pietzner Maik , Langenberg Claudia , Damrauer Scott M. , Johnson Andrew D. , Klarin Derek M. , Smith Nicholas L. , Smadja David M. , Holmström Margareta , Magnusson Maria , Silveira Angela , Uhlén Mathias , Renné Thomas , Martinez-Perez Angel , Emmerich Joseph , Deleuze Jean-Francois , Antovic Jovan , Soria Fernandez Jose Manuel , Assinger Alice , Schwenk Jochen M. , Souto Andres Joan Carles , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , Butler Lynn Marie , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Odeberg Jacob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common, multi-causal disease with potentially serious short- and long-term complications. In clinical practice, there is a need for improved plasma biomarker-based tools for VTE diagnosis and risk prediction. Here we show, using proteomics profiling to screen plasma from patients with suspected acute VTE, and several case-control studies for VTE, how Complement Factor H Related 5 protein (CFHR5), a regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation, is a VTE-associated plasma biomarker. In plasma, higher CFHR5 levels are associated with increased thrombin generation potential and recombinant CFHR5 enhanced platelet activation in vitro. GWAS analysis of ~52,000 participants identifies six loci associated with CFHR5 plasma levels, but Mendelian randomization do not demonstrate causality between CFHR5 and VTE. Our results indicate an important role for the regulation of the alternative pathway of complement activation in VTE and that CFHR5 represents a potential diagnostic and/or risk predictive plasma biomarker.
All-silicon quantum light source by embedding an atomic emissive center in a nanophotonic cavity
Authors: Redjem W. , Zhiyenbayev Y. , Qarony W. , Ivanov V. , Papapanos C. , Liu W. , Jhuria K. , Al Balushi Z. Y. , Dhuey S. , Schwartzberg A. , Tan L. Z. , Schenkel T. , Kanté B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSilicon is the most scalable optoelectronic material but has suffered from its inability to generate directly and efficiently classical or quantum light on-chip. Scaling and integration are the most fundamental challenges facing quantum science and technology. We report an all-silicon quantum light source based on a single atomic emissive center embedded in a silicon-based nanophotonic cavity. We observe a more than 30-fold enhancement of luminescence, a near-unity atom-cavity coupling efficiency, and an 8-fold acceleration of the emission from the all-silicon quantum emissive center. Our work opens immediate avenues for large-scale integrated cavity quantum electrodynamics and quantum light-matter interfaces with applications in quantum communication and networking, sensing, imaging, and computing.
Spatial distribution of three ARGONAUTEs regulates the anther phasiRNA pathway
Authors: Tamotsu Hinako , Koizumi Koji , Briones Alejandro Villar , Komiya Reina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArgonaute protein (AGO) in association with small RNAs is the core machinery of RNA silencing, an essential mechanism for precise development and defense against pathogens in many organisms. Here, we identified two AGOs in rice anthers, AGO1b and AGO1d, that interact with phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) derived from numerous long non-coding RNAs. Moreover, 3D-immunoimaging and mutant analysis indicated that rice AGO1b and AGO1d cell type-specifically regulate anther development by acting as mobile carriers of these phasiRNAs from the somatic cell layers to the germ cells in anthers. Our study also highlights a new mode of reproductive RNA silencing via the specific nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of three AGOs, AGO1b, AGO1d, and MEL1, in rice pollen mother cells.
Resistance to thyroid hormone induced tachycardia in RTHα syndrome
Authors: Dore Riccardo , Watson Laura , Hollidge Stefanie , Krause Christin , Sentis Sarah Christine , Oelkrug Rebecca , Geißler Cathleen , Johann Kornelia , Pedaran Mehdi , Lyons Greta , Lopez-Alcantara Nuria , Resch Julia , Sayk Friedhelm , Iwen Karl Alexander , Franke Andre , Boysen Teide Jens , Dalley Jeffrey W. , Lorenz Kristina , Moran Carla , Rennie Kirsten L. , Arner Anders , Kirchner Henriette , Chatterjee Krishna , Mittag Jens 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMutations in thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) cause Resistance to Thyroid Hormone α (RTHα), a disorder characterized by hypothyroidism in TRα1-expressing tissues including the heart. Surprisingly, we report that treatment of RTHα patients with thyroxine to overcome tissue hormone resistance does not elevate their heart rate. Cardiac telemetry in male, TRα1 mutant, mice indicates that such persistent bradycardia is caused by an intrinsic cardiac defect and not due to altered autonomic control. Transcriptomic analyses show preserved, thyroid hormone (T3)-dependent upregulation of pacemaker channels (Hcn2, Hcn4), but irreversibly reduced expression of several ion channel genes controlling heart rate. Exposure of TRα1 mutant male mice to higher maternal T3 concentrations in utero, restores altered expression and DNA methylation of ion channels, including Ryr2. Our findings indicate that target genes other than Hcn2 and Hcn4 mediate T3-induced tachycardia and suggest that treatment of RTHα patients with thyroxine in high dosage without concomitant tachycardia, is possible.
Role of the Maritime Continent in the remote influence of Atlantic Niño on the Pacific
Authors: Liu Siying , Chang Ping , Wan Xiuquan , Yeager Stephen G. , Richter Ingo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAtlantic Niño, the dominant climate mode in the equatorial Atlantic, is known to remotely force a La Niña-like response in the Pacific, potentially affecting seasonal climate predictions. Here, we use both observations and large-ensemble simulations to explore the physical mechanisms linking the Atlantic to the Pacific. Results indicate that an eastward propagating atmospheric Kelvin wave from the Atlantic, through the Indian Ocean, to the Pacific is the primary pathway. Interaction of this Kelvin wave with the orography of the Maritime Continent induces orographic moisture convergence, contributing to the generation of a local Walker Cell over the Maritime Continent-Western Pacific area. Moreover, land friction over the Maritime Continent dissipates Kelvin wave energy, affecting the strength of the Bjerknes feedback and thus the development of the La Niña-like response. Therefore, improving the representation of land–atmosphere–ocean interactions over the Maritime Continent may be fundamental to realistically simulate Atlantic Niño’s impact on El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
Eye tracking and eye expression decoding based on transparent, flexible and ultra-persistent electrostatic interface
Authors: Shi Yuxiang , Yang Peng , Lei Rui , Liu Zhaoqi , Dong Xuanyi , Tao Xinglin , Chu Xiangcheng , Wang Zhong Lin , Chen Xiangyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEye tracking provides valuable insight for analyzing visual attention and underlying thinking progress through the observation of eye movements. Here, a transparent, flexible and ultra-persistent electrostatic sensing interface is proposed for realizing active eye tracking (AET) system based on the electrostatic induction effect. Through a triple-layer structure combined with a dielectric bilayer and a rough-surface Ag nanowire (Ag NW) electrode layer, the inherent capacitance and interfacial trapping density of the electrostatic interface has been strongly enhanced, contributing to an unprecedented charge storage capability. The electrostatic charge density of the interface reached 1671.10 μC·m−2with a charge-keeping rate of 96.91% after 1000 non-contact operation cycles, which can finally realize oculogyric detection with an angular resolution of 5°. Thus, the AET system enables real-time decoding eye movements for customer preference recording and eye-controlled human-computer interaction, supporting its limitless potentiality in commercial purpose, virtual reality, human computer interactions and medical monitoring.