bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone‐Targeted Delivery of Cell‐Penetrating‐RUNX2 Fusion Protein in Osteoporosis Model
Authors: Kim Seoyeon , Lee Haein , Hong Jiyeon , Kim Seung Hyun L. , Kwon Euntaek , Park Tai Hyun , Hwang Nathaniel S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe onset of osteoporosis leads to a gradual decrease in bone density due to an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. To achieve optimal drug efficacy with minimal side effects, targeted drug delivery to the bone is necessary. Previous studies have utilized peptides that bind to hydroxyapatite, a mineral component of bone, for bone‐targeted drug delivery. In this study, a hydroxyapatite binding (HAB) tag is fused to 30Kc19α‐Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) for bone‐targeting. This recombinant protein can penetrate the nucleus of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and act as a master transcription factor for osteogenesis. The HAB tag increases the binding affinity of 30Kc19α‐RUNX2 to mineral deposition in mature osteoblasts and bone tissue, without affecting its osteogenic induction capability. In the osteoporosis mouse model, intravenous injection of HAB‐30Kc19α‐RUNX2 results in preferential accumulation in the femur and promotes bone formation while reducing toxicity in the spleen. These findings suggest that HAB‐30Kc19α‐RUNX2 may be a promising candidate for bone‐targeted therapy in osteoporosis.
Mechanochemical Metal‐free N‐Sulfonyl Transfer Reaction: Expedient Synthesis of N‐Sulfonyl Amidines
Authors: Guha Souvik , Maheshwari Sanjana , Ravva Mahesh K. , Jacob Jesni M. , Yadav Shalini , Sen Subhabrata 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn operationally simple mechanochemical reaction between iminoiodinanes with numerous cyclic 2°‐amines such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, thiomorpholine, N‐Boc diazepine and N‐Boc piperazine has been reported to afford N‐sulfonyl amidines in moderate to excellent yield. The N‐sulfonyl transfer reaction happens in a ball mill apparatus (RETSCH 400™) with three 5 mm stainless steel (ss) balls in a 5 mL stainless steel (ss) reaction jar with 2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran as liquid assisted grinding auxiliary (LAG). This metal catalyst‐base free synthesis with minimal solvents (as LAGs) demonstrated an efficient N‐sulfonyl transfer reaction from iminoiodinanes. N‐sulfonyl amidines are ubiquitous building blocks present in natural products and drug intermediates. Control experiments and computational studies based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to gain deeper insight into the mechanism.
DNA from multiple viral species is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk
Authors: Tejeda Marlene , Farrell John , Zhu Congcong , Wetzler Lee , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Bush William S. , Martin Eden R. , Wang Li‐San , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Haines Jonathan L. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Sherva Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMultiple infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk by independent lines of evidence. We explored this association by comparing the frequencies of viral species identified in a large sample of AD cases and controls.METHODSDNA sequence reads that did not align to the human genome in sequences were mapped to viral reference sequences, quantified, and then were tested for association with AD in whole exome sequences (WES) and whole genome sequences (WGS) datasets.RESULTSSeveral viruses were significant predictors of AD according to the machine learning classifiers. Subsequent regression analyses showed that herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‐1) (odds ratio [OR] = 3.71, p = 8.03 × 10−4) and human papillomavirus 71 (HPV‐71; OR = 3.56, p = 0.02), were significantly associated with AD after Bonferroni correction. The phylogenetic‐related cluster of Herpesviridae was significantly associated with AD in several strata of the data (p < 0.01).DISCUSSIONOur results support the hypothesis that viral infection, especially HSV‐1, is associated with AD risk.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis on population attributable fraction for physical inactivity to dementia
Authors: Feter Natan , Leite Jayne S. , da Silva Luísa Silveira , Cassuriaga Júlia , de Paula Danilo , Lopes Gabriela Wünsch , Hallal Pedro Rodrigues Curi , Lee I‐Min , Rombaldi Airton José 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe number of cases of dementia attributable to physical inactivity remains unclear due to heterogeneity in physical inactivity definitions and statistical approaches used.METHODSStudies that used population‐based samples to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of physical inactivity for dementia were included in this review. Weighted PAFs were adjusted for communality among the risk factors (i.e., inactive persons may also share other risk factors) analyzed. Values were reported as percentage (%) of cases of dementia attributable to physical inactivity.RESULTSWe included 22 studies. The overall impact of physical inactivity, defined by any criteria, on dementia ranged from 6.6% (95% CI: 3.6%, 9.6%; weighted) to 16.6% (95% CI: 14.4%, 18.9%; unweighted). Studies using the WHO criterion for physical inactivity estimated a higher unweighted impact (β = 7.3%; 95% CI: 2.0%, 12.6%) than studies using other criteria.DISCUSSIONConservatively, one in 15 cases of dementia may be attributable to physical inactivity, defined by any criteria.
Metal‐free nanostructured‐carbon inks for a sustainable fabrication of zinc/air batteries: From ORR activity to a simple prototype
Authors: Santos Florencio , Lorca Sebastian , Gonzalez‐Martinez Juan F. , Urbina Antonio , Alvarez‐Sanchez Miguel A. , González‐Domínguez José M. , García‐Bordejé Enrique , Ansón‐Casaos Alejandro , Benito Ana M. , Maser Wolfgang K. , Fernández Romero Antonio J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZinc/air batteries are convenient energy storage devices for both small and massive applications. While future perspectives indicate the need for low‐cost components and sustainable fabrication processes, the battery performance is in part controlled by the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which typically involves transition metals as catalysts. In this context, we prepare a series of metal‐free water‐based carbon inks, which are tested for their catalytic performance, once deposited on a gas‐diffusion substrate, in the air cathode of a simple battery prototype. The inks contain a variety of well‐defined carbon nanomaterials and additives, exhibiting different physicochemical properties that critically influence the interaction with the gas diffusion hydrophobic substrate. The intrinsic ORR catalytic activity of the ink material is also analyzed on a glassy carbon electrode by the rotating ring‐disc electrode (RRDE) method and specific capacitance measurements. The discharge capacity on our zinc/air battery prototype correlates well with the intrinsic catalytic activity in the RRDE. However, only the activity in the RRDE does not actually assure the performance on the commercial cathode of the prototype, since other chemical compatibility issues play a role. Thus, we highlight the importance of catalyst testing, not only on the RRDE but also under realistic device conditions.
Use of mobile learning applications as an innovative method for the teaching of biochemistry
Authors: Abdelazim Aaser M. , Gaber Dalia A. , Adam Khalid M. , El‐Ashkar Ayman M. , Abdelmalak Hany W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTraditional teaching methods of biochemistry provide effective tools for knowledge transmission, but are considered less engaging with students. Smartphone applications may provide suitable alternatives to compensate for the shortcomings of traditional teaching methods.PurposeThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of smartphone applications as a complementary method for learning biochemistry.MethodologyA total of 32 students, from the College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia, were recruited. Students used available mobile applications, and their performance was monitored through assignments, presentations, practical evaluations, and pre‐ and post‐tests. A self‐administered structured questionnaire was used to survey the students' perceptions. It was validated by students enrolled at the College of Applied Medical Science, interns, and medical educators. It was checked for item appropriateness and comprehensiveness using face and content validity.ResultsAround 75% of the students found the mobile applications useful in learning biochemistry, 50% believed that they were easy to use and 100% believed that the breadth of the knowledge presented by these applications was comprehensive. The pedagogical effect of the use of mobile applications in learning biochemistry showed statistically significant differences in student performances post‐use and pre‐use of mobile applications with P values of 0.000, 0.028, 0.023, and 0.000 for tests, assignments, practical evaluation, and presentations, respectively.ConclusionStudents have a positive perception of the use of mobile applications, as it has significantly improved their academic performance in biochemistry.
Extraction of Functional Compounds from Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) by Deep Eutectic Solvents at Different Properties
Authors: Can Gerçek Yusuf , Kutlu Naciye , Çelik Saffet , Gıdık Betül , Bayram Sinan , Bayram Nesrin Ecem 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to examine the capacity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with different contents to extract bioactive compounds from tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) plant. For this reason, the total phenolic‐flavonoid content, total proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant/antimicrobial activities of the prepared DES extracts were investigated, as well as the individual phenolic and individual amino acid profiles. According to the results, DES10 had the highest efficiency in terms of its capacity to extract individual phenolics (approximately 59 mg/100 g) and individual amino acids (approximately 2500 mg/kg), and also gave a higher yield compared to ethanol (approximately 44 mg/100 g for individual phenolics and about 19810 mg/kg for individual amino acids) and methanol (approximately 58 mg/100 g for individual phenolics and approximately 21430 mg/kg for individual amino acids). However, the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity values of DES extracts were determined between 59.09–77.50 mg GAE/100 g, 28.68–45.55 mg GAE/100 g and 42.96–146.86 mg TE/100 g, respectively. Therefore, it can be recommended to use these green solvents, which are known as environmentally friendly, as an alternative to organic solvents in the process of preparing extracts of this important medicinal plant in different areas.
Potentially significant amounts of sulfate‐S found in phosphorus fertilizers
Authors: Camberato J. J. , Li P. , Nielsen R. L. 
Published: August 2023

Core Ideas
Phosphorus fertilizers contain sulfate‐sulfur (SO4‐S).
SO4‐S concentration decreased in the order monoammonium phosphate > diammonium phosphate > triple superphosphate.
Liquid ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer contained less SO4‐S than granular P sources.
Sulfur applied in granular P fertilizers in some situations can be as much as half of grain S removal.
Sulfur applied in P fertilizers should be considered in crop S fertilization needs and cycling in the environment.
Organization of the epileptogenic zone and signal analysis at seizure onset in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia with mTOR pathway gene mutations—An SEEG study
Authors: Oane Irina , Barborica Andrei , Daneasa Andrei , Maliia Mihai Dragos , Ciurea Jean , Stoica Sergiu , Dabu Aurelia , Bratu Flavius , Lentoiu Camelia , Mindruta Ioana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEpilepsy surgery in genetic drug‐resistant epilepsy is a debated subject as more histological and molecular data are available. We retrospectively collected data from focal drug‐resistant epilepsy patients that underwent stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) invasive recordings. Patients with nonlesional brain imaging or in whom a first epilepsy surgery failed to control seizures were selected. We computed and displayed the intracranial ictal onset activity pattern on structural imaging. Patients underwent epilepsy gene panel testing, next generation sequencing—NGS. Of 113 patients, 13 underwent genetic testing, and in 6 patients, a mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway gene germline mutation (mTOR) was identified. Brain imaging was nonlesional except for one patient in whom two abnormalities suggestive of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) were found. Patients underwent tailored brain surgery based on SEEG data, tissue analysis revealed FCD and postsurgical outcome was favorable. Our findings are similar to previous case series suggesting that epilepsy surgery can be a treatment option in patients with mTOR pathway mutation. In patients with mTOR pathway mutation, the postsurgical outcome is favorable if complete resection of the epileptogenic zone is performed. Electrophysiological seizure onset patterns in FCDs associated with mTOR pathway mutations display low‐voltage fast activity as previously described.
Constructal design of vertical multiscale triangular fins in natural convection
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Waheed , Hasan Hala Salman , Khlaif Hadeel Hamid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConstructal design of vertical multiscale triangular fins in natural convection is investigated in this paper. The design consists of two parts. The first part is for single‐scale triangular fins. The objective in the first design is to reach to the highest heat transfer density from the fins for three fin angles (15°, 30°, and 45°). The single‐scale fins are placed in a horizontal array and considered as isothermal fins. The degrees of freedom are the fin angle, and the fin‐to‐fin spacing. The constraint is the fin height. The second part is for multiscale fins where small fins are placed between the large fins which are optimized in the first part. In the second part, the angles of the large and small scales fins are kept constant at (15°). The optimal fin‐to‐fin spacing which is obtained in the first part is considered a constraint in the second part. The Rayleigh numbers in this design are (Ra = 103, 104, and 105). The two‐dimensional mass, momentum, and energy equations for natural convection are solved with the finite volume method. The results show that there is a benefit of placing the small‐scale fins where the percentage increase in the heat transfer density is (10.22%) at (Ra = 103), and (50.6%) at (Ra = 105) due to existence of the small fins between the large fins.
Double gene mutations of LRSAM1 and REEP1 and a new REEP1 mutation site found in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with subjective paresthesia: A case report
Authors: Qin Ji‐Yao , Zhou Zun‐Lin , Zhou Yuan‐Qing , Chen Ya , Yang Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Hai‐Qing , Xu Zu‐Cai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Although dyskinesia is the most prominent clinical manifestation of ALS, with an in‐depth understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical detection, more and more ALS patients are found to have nonmotor symptoms, such as sensory impairment. Genetic testing technology has developed rapidly in recent years. New genes have been proven to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. However, according to the existing research evidence, no literature has reported that patients with ALS have leucine‐rich repeats and sterility α mutations in motif 1 (LRSAM1) and receptor expression accessory protein 1 (REEP1). The mutation sites of REEP1 gene have not been reported, and the simultaneous mutations of two genes have not been reported. In the largest human gene mutation frequency database gnomad, the mutation sites of two genes are currently defined as new heterozygous variants with unclear clinical significance. Therefore, this article reports the clinical data of this case to further deepen the clinicians' understanding of the disease, and may provide evidence for further study of the new genotype–phenotype of LRSAM1 and REEP1.
Preparation and comparison of two medical dressings made from the collagens from fish and bovine
Authors: Sun Yaru , Wei Zeyu , Wang Ke , Xu Tianyue , Duan Rui , Zhang Junjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCollagen is used in medical dressings because of its high hydrophilicity, low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and degradability. These features can promote cell proliferation and platelet agglomeration. Herein, we studied the preparation of gel dressing by using silver carp skin collagen and bovine collagen as raw materials. Their properties and the application effects of collagen gel dressing were evaluated and compared. The centrifugal stability, rheology, and water‐loss rate of silver carp skin collagen gel (SCG) and bovine tendon collagen gel (CTG) were determined. Results showed that the two gels were stable, and SCG had better rheology and ductility than CTG. However, the denaturation temperature and water‐retention rate of SCG were slightly lower than those of CTG. Two collagen gels were used in the burn‐repair experiment of KM mice. Results showed that the SCG and CTG were consistent with the wound‐repair effect of commercially available products for shallow II‐degree scald and deep II‐degree scald. In the superficial shallow II scald experiment, SCG had a faster healing rate in the first 8 days and a shorter recovery time than CTG. In the deep II‐degree scald experiment, the wound‐healing rate of SCG on the 14th day reached 94.24%, which was 2 days faster than the recovery time of CTG. Moreover, the skin after wound healing was shallower than the scar produced after CTG treatment. Therefore, SCG had the potential to be used as the medical dressing.
An injectable bioactive poly(γ‐glutamic acid) modified magnesium phosphate bone cement for bone regeneration
Authors: Yang Qinwei , Zhu Jiadong , Chen Jing , Zhu Peizhi , Gao Chunxia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs potential alternatives for calcium phosphate bone cements, magnesium phosphate bone cements (MPC) have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, their several defects, such as rapid setting times, highly hydration temperature and alkaline pH due to the part of the unreacted phosphate, restricted their applications in human body. With aim to overcome these defects, a novel polypeptite poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) modified MPC were developed. Effect of γ‐PGA content on the injectability, anti‐washout ability, setting times, hydration temperature, mechanical compressive strength, in vitro bioactivity and degradation were investigated. Moreover, in vitro cyto‐compatibility was evaluated using MC3T3‐E1 cells by CCK‐8 and Live/Dead staining. All these results indicated that the 10%PGA‐MPC with an improved handling performances, low hydration temperature, high mechanical compressive strength, and good cyto‐compatibility hold a great potential for bone repair and regeneration.
Specific ammonium oxidation and denitrification rates in an MBR treating real textile wastewater for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal
Authors: Yilmaz Tülay , Demir Emir Kasım , Başaran Senem Teksoy , Çokgör Emine Ubay , Sahinkaya Erkan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDissolved oxygen (DO) and aeration on/off time are the determining parameters for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal in biological treatment processes. The most effective way to decide the optimum operational conditions, e.g. aeration on/off time or DO concentration during the aeration period, is to determine specific nitrification/denitrification rates. For this purpose, the effects of DO (6 and 3 mg L−1) and aeration on/off time (from 2/2 to 90/360 min) on the specific ammonium oxidation and denitritation/denitrification rates in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating real textile wastewater were deeply investigated.RESULTSThe highest specific ammonium oxidation, denitritation and denitrification rates were obtained as 5.4, 3.8, and 5.3 mg N g−1 volatile suspended solids h−1, respectively, at an aeration on/off time of 90/360 min, which corresponded to the increase in specific ammonium oxidation rates by 1.8 and 2.1 times compared to continuous aeration conditions where DO was 6 and 3 mg L−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONHigher specific ammonium oxidation and denitrification rates can be achieved with the intermittent aeration compared to continuous aeration. Hence existing treatment plants can be retrofitted for higher performance with reduced energy requirements. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
One‐pot synthesis of indolizin‐1‐yl‐pyrimidines from ethyl 3‐(3‐ethoxy‐3‐oxopropanoyl) indolizine‐1‐carboxylate, DMF‐DMA and amidines
Authors: Lee Ju‐Young , Jalani Hitesh B. , Jeong Jin‐Hyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have described herein a metal‐free one‐pot synthesis of indolizin‐1‐yl‐pyrimidines from ethyl 3‐(3‐ethoxy‐3‐oxopropanoyl) indolizine‐1‐carboxylate, DMF‐DMA and amidines. This protocol provides the tethering of indolizine scaffold with various 2‐substitutted pyrimidines using simple starting materials. This new chemo‐types may be useful in drug discovery and material science exploration.
Associations of Brain Entropy Estimated by Resting State fMRI With Physiological Indices, Body Mass Index, and Cognition
Authors: Del Mauro Gianpaolo , Wang Ze 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundIn recent years, resting‐state fMRI (rsfMRI)‐based brain entropy (BEN) has gained increasing interest as a tool to characterize brain activity. While previous studies indicate that BEN is correlated with cognition, it remains unclear whether BEN is influenced by other factors that typically affect brain activity measured by fMRI.PurposeTo investigate the relationship between BEN and physiological indices, including respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (s‐BP), and body mass index (BMI), and to investigate whether and to what extent the relationship between BEN and cognition is influenced by physiological variables.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsOne thousand two hundred six healthy subjects (mean age: 28.83 ± 3.69 years; 550 male) with rsfMRI datasets selected from the Human Connectome Project (HCP).Field Strength/SequenceMultiband echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence at 3.0 Tesla.AssessmentNeurocognitive, physical health (RR, HR, s‐BP, BMI), and rsfMRI data were retrieved from the HCP datasets. Neurocognition was measured through the total cognition composite (TCC) score provided by HCP. BEN maps were calculated from rsfMRI data.Statistical TestsMultiple regression models, pheight‐family wise error (FWE) < 0.05 and pcluster‐FWE < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsBEN was negatively associated with RR (T‐thresholds ranging from 4.75 to 4.8; r‐threshold = |0.15|) and positively associated with s‐BP and BMI (T‐thresholds ranging from 4.75 to 4.8; r‐threshold = |0.15|) in areas overlapping with the default mode network. After controlling the physiological effects, BEN still showed regional associations with TCC, including negative associations (T‐thresholds = 3.09; r‐threshold = |0.1|) in the fronto‐parietal cortex and positive associations (T‐thresholds = 3.09; r‐threshold = |0.1|) in the sensorimotor system (motor network and the limbic system).Data ConclusionsRR negatively affects rsfMRI‐derived BEN, while s‐BP and BMI positively affect BEN. The positive associations between BEN and cognition in the motor network and the limbic system might indicate a facilitation of information processing in the sensorimotor system.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3