bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of immediate versus delayed extinction when simultaneously varying the time of the test in humans
Authors: Kampa Miriam , Hermann Andrea , Stark Rudolf , Klucken Tim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Anxiety disorders are effectively treated with exposure therapy based on the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Animal research indicates that both the timing of extinction and test are important factors to reduce the return of fear. However, empirical evidence in humans is incomplete and inconsistent. In this neuroimaging study, we, therefore, tested 103 young, healthy participants in a 2-factorial between-subjects design with the factors extinction group (immediate, delayed) and test group (+1 day and +7 days). Immediate extinction led to greater retention of fear memory at the beginning of extinction training indicated by increased skin conductance responses. A return of fear was observed in both extinction groups, with a trend toward a greater return of fear in immediate extinction. The return of fear was generally higher in groups with an early test. Neuroimaging results show successful cross-group fear acquisition and retention, as well as activation of the left nucleus accumbens during extinction training. Importantly, the delayed extinction group showed a larger bilateral nucleus accumbens activation during test. This nucleus accumbens finding is discussed in terms of salience, contingency, relief, and prediction error processing. It may imply that the delayed extinction group benefits more from the test as a new learning opportunity.
Magnetic sphincter augmentation: paradigm change or just another device in the surgeon’s toolbox?
Authors: DeMeester Tom R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The common denominator for virtually all episodes of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease is the loss of the barrier that confines the distal esophagus to the stomach. Factors important in maintaining the function of the barrier are its pressure, length and position. In early reflux disease, overeating, gastric distention and delayed gastric emptying led to a transient loss of the barrier. A permanent loss of the barrier occurs from inflammatory injury to the muscle allowing free flow of gastric juice into the esophageal body. Corrective therapy requires augmentation or restoration of the barrier referred to more commonly as the lower esophageal sphincter.
Influence of Early Life Factors, including breast milk Composition, on the Microbiome of Infants Born to Mothers with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sabino João , Tarassishin Leonid , Eisele Caroline , Hawkins Kelly , Barré Amelie , Nair Nile , Rendon Alexa , Debebe Anketse , Picker Mellissa , Agrawal Manasi , Stone Joanne , George James , Legnani Peter , Maser Elana , Chen Ching-Lynn , Thjømøe Anne , Mørk Einar , Dubinsky Marla , Hu Jianzhong , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Peter Inga , Torres Joanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHerein we analysed the influence of early life factors, including breast milk composition, on the development of the intestinal microbiota of infants born to mothers with and without IBD.MethodsThe MECONIUM [Exploring MEChanisms Of disease traNsmission In Utero through the Microbiome] study is a prospective cohort study consisting of pregnant women with or without IBD and their infants. Longitudinal stool samples were collected from babies and analysed using 16s rRNA sequencing and faecal calprotectin. Breast milk proteomics was profiled using Olink inflammation panel.ResultsWe analysed gut microbiota of 1034 faecal samples from 294 infants [80 born to mothers with and 214 to mothers without IBD]. Alpha diversity was driven by maternal IBD status and time point. The major influencers of the overall composition of the microbiota were mode of delivery, feeding, and maternal IBD status. Specific taxa were associated with these exposures, and maternal IBD was associated with a reduction in Bifidobacterium. In 312 breast milk samples [91 from mothers with IBD], mothers with IBD displayed lower abundance of proteins involved in immune regulation, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-12 subunit beta, tumour necrosis factor-beta, and C-C motif chemokine 20, as compared with control mothers [adjusted p = 0.0016, 0.049, 0.049, and 0.049, respectively], with negative correlations with baby´s calprotectin, and microbiome at different time points.ConclusionMaternal IBD diagnosis influences microbiota in their offspring during early life. The proteomic profile of breast milk of women with IBD differs from that of women without IBD, with distinct time-dependent associations with baby’s gut microbiome and feacal calprotectin.
Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Real-World Multicentre Collaborative ECCO CONFER Study
Authors: Eder Piotr , Verstock Bram , Culver Emma , Dragoni Gabriele , Kredel Lea Isabell , Wypych Joanna , de Paredes Ana Garcia Garcia , Kaniewska Magdalena , Leibovitzh Haim , Lobaton Triana , Truyens Marie , Oracz Grzegorz , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe , Starzyńska Teresa , Badaoui Abdenor , Rahier Jean-Francois , Bezzio Cristina , Bossuyt Peter , Falloon Katherine , Pugliese Daniela , Frakes Vozzo Catherine , Jess Tine , Larsen Lone , Olesen Søren Schou , Pal Partha , Chaparro María , Dror Dikla , Ellul Pierre , Gromny Iga , Janiak Maria , Maciejewska Katarzyna , Peleg Noam , Bar-Gil Shitrit Ariella , Szwed Łukasz , Talar-Wojnarowska Renata , Snir Yifat , Weisshof Roni , Zittan Eran , Miechowicz Izabela , Goren Idan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Autoimmune pancreatitis [AIP] is rarely associated with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. The long-term outcomes of AIP and IBD in patients with coexisting AIP–IBD and predictors of complicated AIP course have rarely been reported.

Methods
An ECCO COllaborative Network For Exceptionally Rare case reports project [ECCO-CONFER] collected cases of AIP diagnosed in patients with IBD. Complicated AIP was defined as a composite of endocrine and/or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and/or pancreatic cancer. We explored factors associated with complicated AIP in IBD.

Results
We included 96 patients [53% males, 79% ulcerative colitis, 72% type 2 AIP, age at AIP diagnosis 35 ± 16 years]. The majority of Crohn’s disease [CD] cases [78%] had colonic/ileocolonic involvement. In 59%, IBD preceded AIP diagnosis, whereas 18% were diagnosed simultaneously. Advanced therapy to control IBD was used in 61% and 17% underwent IBD-related surgery. In total, 82% of patients were treated with steroids for AIP, the majority of whom [91%] responded to a single course of treatment. During a mean follow-up of 7 years, AIP complications occurred in 25/96 [26%] individuals. In a multivariate model, older age at AIP diagnosis was associated with a complicated AIP course (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, p = 0.008), whereas family history of IBD [OR = 0.1, p = 0.03], and CD diagnosis [OR = 0.2, p = 0.04] decreased the risk of AIP complications. No IBD- or AIP-related deaths occurred.

Conclusions
In this large international cohort of patients with concomitant AIP–IBD, most patients have type 2 AIP and colonic IBD. AIP course is relatively benign and long-term outcomes are favourable, but one-quarter develop pancreatic complications. Age, familial history of IBD, and CD may predict uncomplicated AIP course.
Juxtaposition of urgent angioplasty results in spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a case report of fresh vs. organized intramural haematoma
Authors: McConkey Hannah Z R , De Maria Giovanni Luigi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronary intramural haematoma from spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) presents as an acute coronary syndrome, usually in young or middle-aged female patients. Conservative management in the absence of ongoing symptoms is best practice, and the artery eventually heals fully.

Case summary
A 49-year-old female presented with a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Initial angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) demonstrated typical intramural haematoma of the ostial to mid left circumflex artery. Initial conservative management was selected, but the patient developed further chest pain 5 days later and with worsening electrocardiogram changes. Further angiography was carried out demonstrating near-occlusive disease with organized thrombus in the false lumen. The angioplasty result from this is juxtaposed with another acute SCAD case on the same day with fresh intramural haematoma.

Discussion
Reinfarction is a common occurrence in SCAD, and little is known about how to predict it. These cases demonstrate the appearance on IVUS of fresh vs. organized thrombus and the relative angioplasty result in each case. Follow-up IVUS due to ongoing symptoms in one patient demonstrated significant stent malapposition, not apparent at the index intervention, in all likeliness due to intramural haematoma regression.
Juvenile-onset multifocal atrial arrhythmias, atrial standstill and compound heterozygosity of genetic variants in TAF1A: sentinel event for evolving dilated cardiomyopathy—a case report
Authors: ter Bekke Rachel M A , de Schouwer Koen , Conti Sergio , Claes Godelieve R F , Vanoevelen Jo , Gommers Suzanne , Helderman-van den Enden Apollonia T J M , Brunner-LaRocca Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Juvenile onset of extensive atrial electromechanical failure, including atrial standstill, is a rare disease entity that may precede ventricular cardiomyopathy. Genetic variants associated with early-onset atrioventricular (AV) cardiomyopathy are increasingly recognized.

Case summary
A 16-year-old patient presented with atrial brady- and tachyarrhythmias and concomitant impaired atrial electromechanical function (atrial standstill). The atrial phenotype preceded the development of a predominantly right-sided AV dilated cardiomyopathy with pronounced myocardial fibrosis. A His-bundle pacemaker was installed for high-degree AV conduction block and sinus arrest. Using familial-based whole-exome sequencing, a missense mutation and a copy number variant deletion (compound heterozygosity) of the TAF1A gene (involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis) were identified.

Discussion
Juvenile onset of severe atrial electromechanical failure with atrial arrhythmias should prompt deep pheno- and genotyping and calls for vigilance for downstream cardiomyopathic deterioration.
Incidence of 12 common cardiovascular diseases and subsequent mortality risk in the general population
Authors: Prugger Christof , Perier Marie-Cécile , Gonzalez-Izquierdo Arturo , Hemingway Harry , Denaxas Spiros , Empana Jean-Philippe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Incident events of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are heterogenous and may result in different mortality risks. Such evidence may help inform patient and physician decisions in CVD prevention and risk factor management.

Aims
This study aimed to determine the extent to which incident events of common CVD show heterogeneous associations with subsequent mortality risk in the general population.

Methods and results
Based on England-wide linked electronic health records, we established a cohort of 1 310 518 people ≥30 years of age initially free of CVD and followed up for non-fatal events of 12 common CVD and cause-specific mortality. The 12 CVDs were considered as time-varying exposures in Cox’s proportional hazards models to estimate hazard rate ratios (HRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over the median follow-up of 4.2 years (2010–16), 81 516 non-fatal CVD, 10 906 cardiovascular deaths, and 40 843 non-cardiovascular deaths occurred. All 12 CVDs were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, with HRR (95% CI) ranging from 1.67 (1.47–1.89) for stable angina to 7.85 (6.62–9.31) for haemorrhagic stroke. All 12 CVDs were also associated with increased non-cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk but to a lesser extent: HRR (95% CI) ranged from 1.10 (1.00–1.22) to 4.55 (4.03–5.13) and from 1.24 (1.13–1.35) to 4.92 (4.44–5.46) for transient ischaemic attack and sudden cardiac arrest, respectively.

Conclusion
Incident events of 12 common CVD show significant adverse and markedly differential associations with subsequent cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality risk in the general population.
Disruption of the skin, gill, and gut mucosae microbiome of gilthead seabream fingerlings after bacterial infection and antibiotic treatment
Authors: Rosado Daniela , Canada Paula , Marques Silva Sofia , Ribeiro Nuno , Diniz Pedro , Xavier Raquel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The activity of the microbiome of fish mucosae provides functions related to immune response, digestion, or metabolism. Several biotic and abiotic factors help maintaining microbial homeostasis, with disruptions leading to dysbiosis. Diseases and antibiotic administration are known to cause dysbiosis in farmed fish. Pathogen infections greatly affect the production of gilthead seabream, and antibiotic treatment is still frequently required. Here, we employed a 16S rRNA high-throughput metataxonomics approach to characterize changes in the gut, skin, and gill microbiomes occurring due to infection with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and subsequent antibiotic treatment with oxytetracycline (OTC), as well as during recovery. Although microbiota response differed between studied tissues, overall changes in composition, diversity, structure, and predicted function were observed in all mucosae. The skin and gill microbiomes of diseased fish became largely dominated by taxa that have been frequently linked to secondary infections, whereas in the gut the genus Vibrio, known to include pathogenic bacteria, increased with OTC treatment. The study highlights the negative impacts of disease and antibiotic treatment on the microbiome of farmed fish. Our results also suggest that fish transportation operations may have profound effects on the fish microbiome, but further studies are needed to accurately evaluate their impact.
Education, Social Engagement, and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
Authors: Du Chenguang , Miyazaki Yasuo , Dong XinQi , Li Mengting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesAlthough education and social engagement are considered cognitive reserves, the pathway of both reserves on cognitive function has been rarely studied. This study aimed to examine the underlying mechanism between education, social engagement, and cognitive function.MethodsThis study used 2-wave data (2010 and 2014) from Health and Retirement Study in the United States (N = 3,201). Education was measured by years of schooling. Social engagement was evaluated by 20 items including volunteering, physical activities, social activities, and cognitive activities. Cognitive function was assessed by a modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. A cross-lagged panel model was fitted to test the mediating mechanism between education, social engagement, and cognitive function.ResultsControlling for covariates, higher education in early life was associated with better cognitive function in old age (b = 0.211, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.163, 0.259], p &lt; .01). Late-life social engagement partially mediated the association between education and cognitive function (indirect effect = 0.021, 95% CI = [0.010, 0.033], p &lt; .01). The indirect path between education and social engagement via cognition also existed (b = 0.009, 95% CI = [0.005, 0.012], p &lt; .001).DiscussionEducation in earlier life stage may exert a lifelong effect on cognitive function as well as an indirect effect via enhancing late-life cognitive reserve such as social engagement. The cross-lagged effect of social engagement on cognitive function is significant and vice versa. Future research may explore other cognitive reserves over the life course and its underlying mechanism to achieve healthy cognitive aging.
Multimorbidity and Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of ADL, IADL, Loneliness, and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Sieber Stefan , Roquet Angélique , Lampraki Charikleia , Jopp Daniela S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The ubiquity of multimorbidity makes it crucial to examine the intermediary factors linking it with quality of life (QoL). The objective was to examine to what extent the association between multimorbidity and QoL was mediated by functional and emotional/mental health and how these mediation pathways differed by sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education, and financial strain).

Research Design and Methods
Data from Waves 4 to 8 of 36,908 individuals from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were included. Multimorbidity (exposure) was defined as having 2 or more chronic conditions. Mediators included limitations with (instrumental) activities of daily living (ADL and IADL), loneliness, and depressive symptoms. QoL (outcome) was assessed with the CASP-12 scale. Longitudinal model-based causal mediation analyses were performed to decompose the total association between multimorbidity and QoL into direct and indirect effects. Moderated mediation analyses tested for differences in mediation pathways by sociodemographic factors.

Results
Multimorbidity was significantly associated with lower QoL (direct effect: b = −0.66). This association was mediated by ADL limitations (percentage mediated 0.97%), IADL limitations (3.24%), and depressive symptoms (16.70%), but not by loneliness. The mediation pathways were moderated by age, education, financial strain, and gender.

Discussion and Implications
ADL, IADL, and depressive symptoms are crucial intermediary factors between multimorbidity and QoL in older European adults, with changing importance according to age, education, financial strain, and gender. The findings may help to increase the QoL of individuals with multimorbidity and redirect care efforts to these factors.
Direct antitumoral effects of sulfated fucans isolated from echinoderms: a possible role of neuropilin-1/β1 integrin endocytosis and focal adhesion kinase degradation
Authors: Lima Antonio G F , Mignone Viviane W , Vardiero Francisco , Kozlowski Eliene O , Fernandes Laila R , Motta Juliana M , Pavão Mauro S G , Figueiredo Camila C , Mourão Paulo A S , Morandi Verônica 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hypercoagulability, a major complication of metastatic cancers, has usually been treated with heparins from natural sources, or with their synthetic derivatives, which are under intense investigation in clinical oncology. However, the use of heparin has been challenging for patients with risk of severe bleeding. While the systemic administration of heparins, in preclinical models, has shown primarily attenuating effects on metastasis, their direct effect on established solid tumors has generated contradictory outcomes. We investigated the direct antitumoral properties of two sulfated fucans isolated from marine echinoderms, FucSulf1 and FucSulf2, which exhibit anticoagulant activity with mild hemorrhagic potential. Unlike heparin, sulfated fucans significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation (by ~30–50%), and inhibited tumor migration and invasion in vitro. We found that FucSulf1 and FucSulf2 interacted with fibronectin as efficiently as heparin, leading to loss of prostate cancer and melanoma cell spreading. The sulfated fucans increased the endocytosis of β1 integrin and neuropilin-1 chains, two cell receptors implicated in fibronectin-dependent adhesion. The treatment of cancer cells with both sulfated fucans, but not with heparin, also triggered intracellular focal adhesion kinase (FAK) degradation, with a consequent overall decrease in activated focal adhesion kinase levels. Finally, only sulfated fucans inhibited the growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in the dermis of syngeneic C57/BL6 mice. FucSulf1 and FucSulf2 arise from this study as candidates for the design of possible alternatives to long-term treatments of cancer patients with heparins, with the advantage of also controlling local growth and invasion of malignant cells.
A Longitudinal Study Examining the Effects of COVID-19 on Refugees Four Years Postresettlement in the United States
Authors: Shaw Stacey A , Middleton Heather , Poulin Patrick , Rodgers Graeme , Leung Tara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many refugee communities faced intensified economic and social challenges. This longitudinal study began three years prior to the COVID pandemic and examined the effects of COVID on refugee outcomes in the United States including employment, health insurance, safety, and discrimination. The study also examined participant perspectives on COVID-related challenges. Participants included 42 refugees who resettled approximately three years prior to the onset of the pandemic. Data were collected at six months, 12 months, two years, three years, and four years postarrival, with the pandemic beginning between years 3 and 4. Linear growth models examined how the pandemic impacted participant outcomes over time. Descriptive analyses examined perspectives regarding pandemic challenges. Results indicated that during the pandemic, employment and safety significantly decreased. Participant concerns regarding the pandemic centered on health, economic challenges, and isolation. Attention to refugee outcomes during the COVID pandemic highlight the need for social work practitioners to promote equitable access to information and social supports, particularly during times of uncertainty.
A Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccine Provides Postexposure Protection Against Bundibugyo Ebolavirus Infection
Authors: Woolsey Courtney , Strampe Jamie , Fenton Karla A , Agans Krystle N , Martinez Jasmine , Borisevich Viktoriya , Dobias Natalie S , Deer Daniel J , Geisbert Joan B , Cross Robert W , Connor John H , Geisbert Thomas W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The filovirus Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) causes severe disease with a mortality rate of approximately 20%–51%. The only licensed filovirus vaccine in the United States, Ervebo, consists of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vector that expresses Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP). Ervebo was shown to rapidly protect against fatal Ebola disease in clinical trials; however, the vaccine is only indicated against EBOV. Recent outbreaks of other filoviruses underscore the need for additional vaccine candidates, particularly for BDBV infections.

Methods
To examine whether the rVSV vaccine candidate rVSVΔG/BDBV-GP could provide therapeutic protection against BDBV, we inoculated seven cynomolgus macaques with 1000 plaque-forming units of BDBV, administering rVSVΔG/BDBV-GP vaccine to 6 of them 20–23 minutes after infection.

Results
Five of the treated animals survived infection (83%) compared to an expected natural survival rate of 21% in this macaque model. All treated animals showed an early circulating immune response, while the untreated animal did not. Surviving animals showed evidence of both GP-specific IgM and IgG production, while animals that succumbed did not produce significant IgG.

Conclusions
This small, proof-of-concept study demonstrated early treatment with rVSVΔG/BDBV-GP provides a survival benefit in this nonhuman primate model of BDBV infection, perhaps through earlier initiation of adaptive immunity.