bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major HIV vaccine candidates
Authors: Zdziennicki Wojciech , Zimnicki Patryk , Lato Marta , Iberszer Konrad , Litwiniuk Maria , Zaniuk Marcin , Hurkała Kamil , Antonik Dominika , Denys Barbara , Góra Karolina 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus, which is responsible for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This pathogen is widespread worldwide causing a pandemic that has been going on for decades. Researches around the world are trying to end this situation and it seems that the greatest hope lies in finding an effective vaccine. It is important due to the fact that AIDS and its consequences are responsible even nowadays for death of many people infected around the world. The aim of this study was to provide the most important information about major HIV vaccine trials and efficacy of vaccine candidates.
Materials and methods: For the purposes of writing this article, the available literature was reviewed. The database of medical publications – Pubmed datebase and other publicaly available books, database and online sites was searched, with the use of keywords such as HIV, HIV vaccine, HIV epidemiology.
State of knowledge: According to review studies HIV vaccine trials has been going for 4 decades. Over 250 trials has been conducted since then, but unfortunately, none of them resulted in effective vaccine. The difficulties of this task are mainly connected with the nature of HIV virus. To date, one study has shown some effectiveness, but not enough to claim success. Other studies are ongoing around the world and more are planned.
Conclusions: Developing an effective HIV vaccine is the clue to solving the problem, which is new HIV infections. Further researches, further research funding and international cooperation are needed to end this pandemic.
Cervical cancer screening utilization and associated factors among female health workers in public health facilities of Hossana town, southern Ethiopia: A mixed method approach
Authors: Jemal Zemzem , Chea Nana , Hasen Habtamu , Tesfaye Tsegaab , Abera Netsanet 
Published: May 2023

Backgrounds
Worldwide, a substantial proportion of women have low cervical cancer screening services utilization. There is a paucity of evidence in utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female health workers and inconsistent findings in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the utilization of cervical cancer screening services and associated factors among female health workers in public health facilities of Hossana town, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
Facility-based cross-sectional study design complemented with the qualitative inquiry was conducted among randomly selected 241 study participants in Hossana town from June 1 to July 1, 2021. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables with the assumption of a variable with a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim then translated to English and analyzed using open code version 4.03.

Results
Out of the total study participants, 19.6% was screened for cervical cancer. Having a diploma level of education (AOR = 0.48;95%CI:0.24,0.98), having three or more children (AOR = 3.65;95%CI:1.44,9.21), having multiple sexual partners(AOR = 3.89;95%CI: 1.38,11.01), and knowledge of cervical cancer screening (AOR = 2.66;95% CI:1.19,5.95) were statistically significantly associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. In-depth interviews suggested additional barriers for low screening utilization including lack of health educational materials, limitation of service to a specific area, service interruption, provider incompetency, and miss-trust and lack of attention by a trained provider.

Conclusion
Utilization of cervical cancer screening service among female health workers is low. Having a diploma level of education, having three or more children, a history of multiple sexual partners, and knowledge about cervical cancer were predictors of cervical cancer screening utilization. Contextualized health talks and promotion through training with a special focus on low level of knowledge, had lower educational level, and the availability of cervical cancer screening services are critical.
Endoscopic features of lymphoid follicles in the colonic mucosa using the image enhanced endoscopy and its association with colorectal adenoma
Authors: Tahara Tomomitsu , Takahama Kazuya , Tahara Sayumi , Horiguchi Noriyuki , Funasaka Kohei , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Shibata Tomoyuki , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Ieda Hiro-o , Fukui Toshiro , Naganuma Makoto , Ohmiya Naoki 
Published: May 2023

Background/AimLymphoid follicles hyperplasia (LH) is sometimes observed in the normal colon as small, round, yellowish-white nodules. LH is associated with food hypersensitivity and bowel symptoms and histologically characterized as intense infiltration of lymphocytes or plasmacytes. It is suggested that LH represents inflammatory immune response in the colonic mucosa. We investigated the presence of LH in the normal colonic mucosa and its association with incidence of colorectal lesions including colorectal cancer, adenoma and hyperplastic polyp.Patients/Methods605 participants undergoing colonoscopy for various indications were enrolled. Presence of LH in the proximal colon (appendix, cecum and the ascending colon) was observed using the blue laser imaging (BLI) endoscopy, a new generation image enhanced endoscopy (IEE) system. LH was defined as well demarcated white nodules. Elevated LH with erythema was distinguished as LH severe. Association between presence of LH and occurrence of colorectal lesions was investigated.ResultsPrevalence of all colorectal lesions and adenoma were significantly lower in LH severe group compared to the LH negative group (P= 0.0008, 0.0009, respectively). Mean number of all colorectal lesions and adenoma were also lower in LH severe group compared to the LH negative group (P= 0.005, 0.003 respectively). The logistic regression with adjustment for gender and age demonstrated that presence of LH severe held significantly lower risk of all colorectal lesions (OR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.27–0.86) and adenoma (OR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.26–0.86).ConclusionLH in the colonic mucosa visualized by IEE is useful endoscopic finding to predict risk of colorectal adenoma.
Understanding the medication experience of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer taking epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A phenomenological study
Authors: Wen Meng-Jung , Hsu Han-Lin , Chang Chia-Lun , Wang Jou-Han , Kuo Chun-Nan , Hsin Yen-Chun , Chang Elizabeth H. 
Published: May 2023

Background and objective
Patients with cancer taking oral antineoplastic medications may encounter problems including suboptimal adherence as well as physical and psychological disease burden. Despite increase in the use of oncology pharmacy services, there are wide variations between healthcare professionals and patient perceptions of patients’ medication experiences. The objective of the study was to explore the medication experience of taking oral targeted therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Method
We purposively sampled advanced stage (stage III or IV) NSCLC patients taking epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in a medical center in Taiwan. Face-to-face interviews using semi-structured interview guides were conducted. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was applied. A phenomenological methodology was adopted to explore the underlying meaning of patients’ lived experience.

Results
A total of 19 participants with a mean age of 68.2 years were interviewed. The duration of EGFR-TKIs use ranged from 2 weeks to 5 years. When first learned about the unexpected yet ‘treatable’ cancer, participants expressed strong emotional responses based on their intrinsic beliefs of the terminal disease and therapy. They walked along an unfamiliar trail while confronting physical and psychological challenges and made compromises to treatment. Gaining experiences from cancer journey, patients with cancer continuously seek the ultimate goals–‘return to normal’.

Conclusions
This study also revealed medication experiences of participants’ journey from seeking information in the initial phase and living with cancer, to taking back control of their own lives. Healthcare professionals could better empathize with patients’ loss of control and understand their perspectives when making clinical decisions. These findings can guide interdisciplinary teams to integrate patients’ beliefs and conduct pre-screening assessments of health literacy levels to tailor communication. Subsequent interventions should be developed to identify barriers to medication self-management and empower patients by building social networks.
Retinal transcriptome of neonatal mice after optic nerve injury
Authors: Yao Shi-Qi , Wang Meng , Liang Jia-Jian , Ng Tsz Kin , Cen Ling-Ping 
Published: May 2023

Background
The axonal growth capacity of retinal ganglion cells decreases dramatically within the first day of birth, and the axonal regeneration after injury in mature mammals is very limited. Here, this study aimed to delineate the transcriptomic changes associated with altered axonal growth capacity and to identify the key genes associated with axonal regeneration by the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis.

Methods
The whole retinas from the mice of embryonic day (E) 20, postnatal day (P) 1 and P3 were collected at 6 hours after optic nerve crush (ONC). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for ONC or ages were identified by the RNA-Seq analysis. K-means analysis was conducted for the clustering of DEGs based on expression patterns. Enrichment of functions and signaling pathways analysis were performed based on Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and Gene Set Enrichment analysis (GSEA). Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the DEGs selected from the RNA-Seq analysis.

Results
In total, 5,408 DEGs were identified for ages, and 2,639 DEGs in neonatal mouse retina after ONC. K-means analysis revealed 7 clusters in age-DEGs and 11 clusters in ONC-DEGs. The GO, KEGG and GSEA pathway analyses identified significantly enrichment of DEGs in the visual perception and phototransduction for the age effect, and the break repair, neuron projection guidance, and immune system pathway for the ONC. PPI analysis identified hub genes in the axon-related gene cluster. The expressions of Mlc1, Zfp296, Atoh7, Ecel1, Creb5, Fosb, and Lcn2, thought to be involved in RGC death and axonal growth were validated by qRT-PCR.

Conclusions
This study, for the first time, delineated the gene expression changes following ON injury in embryonic and neonatal mice, providing a new resource of age- and injury-driven data on axonal growth capacity.
Rentabilidade de cenoura orgânica influenciada por manejos de solo e tipos de semeadura
Authors: Pinto Geazí Penha , Ferreira Regina Lúcia Felix , Araújo Neto Sebastião Elviro de , Souza Luís Gustavo de Souza e , Uchôa Thays Lemos , Machado Lucas 
Published: May 2023

A avaliação econômica da atividade agrícola é importante para determinar sua viabilidade. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a rentabilidade econômica do cultivo orgânico de cenoura, sob manejos de solo e diferentes semeadura. O experimento foi realizado em Rio Branco, AC, entre junho e setembro de 2018. Instalado em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, sendo quatro manejos: cobertura vegetal morta, cobertura plástica “mulching”, solarização e solo nu; e três tipos de semeadura: direta, indireta e pré-germinada. Aos 81 dias foi realizada a colheita e após a avaliação da produtividade, foram avaliados os indicadores econômicos: custos, receitas, rentabilidade, margem de lucro, remuneração de mão-de-obra familiar e produção para cobertura de custos. Considerando os custos com insumos e serviços vigente em 2018 e os coeficientes técnicos obtidos durante o experimento. A margem de lucro foi superior a outros investimentos, como a poupança. Todos os tratamentos tiveram rentabilidade positiva, bem como para todos a relação B/C foi superior a 1,0. A proteção do solo com plástico “mulching” proporcionou as maiores receitas. A diária paga à mão-de-obra da família alcançou R$ 621,26. A solarização com semeadura indireta exigiu maior produtividade para cobertura do custo total. Independente do manejo do solo e tipo de semeadura, a rentabilidade é positiva e apresenta lucro supernormal. A cobertura plástica “mulching” aliada a semeadura direta e pré-germinada, elevam as receitas.
Potential Implications of Retail Central Bank Digital Currency for Banking Systems Identified in the Literature and by Central Banks
Authors: Iwańczuk-Kaliska Anna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to review and discuss the implications of a new form of central bank money – retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) – for central and commercial banks, identified in the literature and by central banks. The author’s intention is also to indicate possible differences in the approach to this issue by researchers and individual central banks. The study is based on a review covering both academic literature and central banks official documents on retail CBDC. It also includes a comparative analysis of CBDC concepts (disregarding the level of implementation) outlined by 13 European and non-European central banks in their official reports. The study shows that the research papers and official reports by central banks are consistent as for the areas of influence of retail CBDCs on central banks and the banking sector. However, both do not give complete answers to questions about the consequences of CBDCs for banking systems, the economy and society. The analyses published by central banks do not provide, as one might assume, a greater level of detail and precision.
The reflection invariance problems in stereochemical nomenclature for absolute configuration
Authors: Bhattacharya Prabuddha , Basak Amit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Genesis of chirality and its link to the origin of life continue to intrigue scientists. Chirality also plays an important role in medicine with the advent of chiral drugs and the consequent importance of asymmetric synthesis. The configuration of a chiral molecule gets inverted in its mirror image, as is manifested by (i) sign of specific rotation and (ii) normally, through the absolute configurational notation (R/S). While the first parameter is always true, the second one, that is the mirror image relationship of R and S configurations, called the reflection variance, may not always hold good. In this manuscript, we have highlighted examples of molecules with combinations of central and axial or planar chirality where the mirror image relationship between R and S configurations does not hold. This reflection invariance originates from the CIP rule of R precedes S. Similar reflection invariance can be observed in P or M forms of conformations of some particular molecules with chiral ligands. Proposal to avoid such reflection invariances, has been put forward. An ignorance about the possibility of reflection invariance in enantiomeric molecules can lead to common mistakes about stereoisomeric relationship or reactivity profile.
Environmental Taxation and International Trade in a Tax-Distorted Economy
Authors: Llop Maria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
International environmental agreements have been met with the reluctance of some national authorities to accept general commitments aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While acknowledging the crucial significance of the climate change process, politicians and regulators in some countries have argued that pollution measures would have a negative impact on their domestic welfare. This article uses a standard general equilibrium model of perfect competition to examine the welfare effects of taxing a polluting-exported good through an explicit representation of the trade relations of the economy in the presence of pre-existing taxes. The equivalent autarky model is used to contrast the welfare impacts with the open economy situation. The results extend the scope of the literature on second-best environmental taxation by identifying the complexity of the components affecting welfare in open economies.
The Universal and the Local in theCivitas Batavorum
Authors: Christensen Kristian Kanstrup 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntense recruitment for the Roman army among the Batavians of the Lower Rhi­ne exposed their community more profoundly to Latin literacy and the universal cul­ture of the empire than many oth­er provinces. How­ever, through an anthro­polo­gi­cal examination of their commu­ni­ty, the present paper demonstrates that even under the­se con­di­tions, the cultural amalgamation of the impe­rial and the lo­cal was li­mi­ted, and Batavian society retained a markedly distinct cul­ture through­out centuries of Ro­man rule.
The crystal structure of N,N′-(1,2-phenylene)bis (2-((2-oxopropyl)selanyl)benzamide), C26H24N2O4Se2
Authors: Feng Shuxiao , Zhong Xuan , Qi Kaiyan , Guo Yafei , Wang Junling , Gu Guangna , Ma Junying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
C26H24N2O4Se2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.9092(7) Å, b = 5.8900(2) Å, c = 36.6209(9) Å, β = 91.983(3)°, V = 4938.5(3) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0419, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1162, T = 293 K.
Between analytical mood and clause-initial particles – on the diagnostics of subordination for (emergent) complementizers
Authors: Wiemer Björn 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe article addresses empirical and methodological issues that are of central concern for an assessment of uninflected function words doing services in clause-combining and/or in indicating the speaker’s stance toward illocutionary force or propositional content. Such units have been variably treated: either just as ‘particles’, as subordinating conjunctions or complementizers, or as auxiliaries of ‘analytic moods’ (marking directive or optative illocutionary force). Whatever they are called, all these units scope over clauses and manipulate their reality status. A discrimination of these types of units is difficult or hardly possible, first of all, because core notions (especially ‘(analytic) mood’ and ‘complementizer’) are ill-defined and their consequent cross-linguistic application suggests an almost arbitrary exchangeability: since the notional contrasts behind them are basically identical, clear criteria based on form and paradigmatic organization are warranted. Jointly, one needs to specify the format of the relevant units in terms of clines between morphemes and words, and between words and constructions, first of all for North Slavicbyand South Slavicda.Concomitantly, the delimitation of discourse coherence from syntactic subordination poses notorious problems. First, embedding is a property on a gradient, mainly because symptomatic shifts of egocentricals need not (and often do not) occur simultaneously. Second, there is an enormous grey zone of clausal complements vs adjuncts leaving ample space for indeterminacy. Both intensional and extensional approaches to determining clausal complements have their inherent and empirical weaknesses, and one wonders whether these might be recompensated by combining both types of approaches.The article gives a complex account of general theoretical and empirical pitfalls, with illustrations from a comprehensive body of data across Slavic on a typological background. The article also shows a principled divide between volition- and cognition-based clause connectives (and of their constructions), for which it points out inner-Slavic areal clines.
Bidirectional Modulation of Nociception by GlyT2+Neurons in the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray
Authors: Assareh Neda , Fenech Caitlin , Power Rebecca , Uddin Mohammad N. , Otsu Yo , Aubrey Karin R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), particularly its ventrolateral column (vlPAG), is part of a key descending pathway that modulates nociception, fear and anxiety behaviors in both humans and rodents. It has been previously demonstrated that inhibitory GABAergic neurons within the vlPAG have a major role in this nociceptive modulation. However, the PAG contains a diverse range of neuronal subtypes and the contribution of different subtypes of inhibitory neurons to nociceptive control has not been investigated. Here, we employed a chemogenetic strategy in mice that express Cre recombinase under the promotor for the glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2::cre) to modulate a novel group of glycinergic neurons within the vlPAG and then investigate their role in nociceptive control. We show that activation of GlyT2-PAG neurons enhances cold and noxious heat responses and increases locomotor activity (LMA) in both male and female mice. In contrast, inhibition of GlyT2-PAG neurons reduced nociceptive responses, while locomotor behaviors were unaffected. Our findings demonstrate that GlyT2+neurons in the vlPAG modulate nociception and suggest that strategies targeting GlyT2-PAG neurons could be used to design novel analgesic therapies.
Does Tax Planning and Deferred Tax Expense Affect Earnings Management?
Authors: Nofrivul Nofrivul , Amran Elsa Fitri , Firmanola Widia 
Published: May 2023

Purpose : To achieve high profits the company must have a competitive advantage compared to other companies, one of which is the ability to manage finances well, in order to ensure the company’s long-term viability, which is reflected in the amount of profit generated. This is what motivates managers to take deviations in the presentation and reporting of earnings information, which is called earnings management. The goal of this research is to determine the impact of tax planning and deferred tax expense on earnings management.
Method : The study uses purposive sampling method and obtained 36 manufacturing companies for eight years of observation. The population used are manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) during the years 2013-2020. The data were tested using logistic regression.
Findings : The result of this study indicated that tax planning has no effect on earnings management and deferred tax expense has effect on the probability of companies doing earnings management. While tax planning and deferred tax expense have a simultaneous effect on earnings management.
Novelty : The research was conducted to determine the factors that influence the company to practice earnings management that is focused on tax planning and deferred tax expense. The earnings management measure used in this study is a dummy variable which implies the existence of a company policy to increase or decrease profits.
Keywords : Tax Planning; Deferred Tax Expense; Earnings Management