bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two cases of unilateral cortical fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery‐hyperintense lesions in anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES)
Authors: Ishizawa Kunihiko , Iwasaki Osamu , Oka Hironori , Sugawara Takashi , Amari Masakuni , Kawarabayashi Takeshi , Okamoto Koichi , Kaneko Kimihiko , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Ikeda Yoshio , Takatama Masamitsu , Shoji Mikio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Unilateral cortical fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery‐hyperintense lesions in anti‐MOG‐associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES) has recently been proposed as a subcategory of MOGAD. FLAMES is characterized by fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging showing hyperintense cortical lesions in MOG‐associated encephalitis with seizures.Case PresentationWe herein report two cases of unilateral cortical FLAMES. The first case was a 29‐year‐old woman who developed headaches, fever, convulsions and right hemiparesis. Brain FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintense cortical lesions on the left side. The second case was a 37‐year‐old women who developed headaches and fever. Brain FLAIR MRI showed hyperintense cortical lesions on the left side. Both cases were positive for anti‐MOG antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, and were diagnosed with unilateral cortical FLAMES in MOGAD. Both patients were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral corticosteroids, which improved MRI findings and clinical symptoms.ConclusionsBoth patients were diagnosed with MOGAD due to characteristic unilateral cortical encephalitis on brain FLAIR MRI. Unilateral cortical FLAMES is an important clue for the clinical diagnosis of MOGAD.
Rehabilitation of distal extension maxillary ridges with fixed and removable implant‐supported prostheses: Preliminary 12‐month randomized clinical trial
Authors: El Haron Ahmed Mahmoud , Askar Osama Mohammed Raouf , Said Ahmed Wael , Elsyad Moustafa Abdou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis trial evaluated clinical outcomes of fixed and removable implant‐supported prostheses for rehabilitation of atrophied distal extension maxillary ridges.Materials and MethodsA total of 54 participants with atrophied distal extension maxillary ridges were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 18/group). Group I (SLF); participants treated with fixed restoration supported by three long implants after sinus augmentation, Group II (SF); participants treated with fixed restoration supported by one long and two short implants, and Group III (OD): participants treated with removable partial denture assisted by one long implant that was placed mesial to maxillary sinus (IARPD). Modified plaque index (MPI), modified gingival index (MGI), pocket depth (PD), implant stability (IS), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured after prosthesis insertion (T0), 6 (T6), and 12 months (T12) after insertion. Patient satisfaction was measured at T12 using a visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsThe implant survival rates were 96.8%, 92.4%, and 84.6% for SLF, SF, and OD groups respectively. The SLF recorded the highest MPI, MGI, PD, and IS values, followed by the SF, and the OD showed the lowest values. The OD recorded the highest CBL followed by the SF and the SLF showed the lowest CBL. With exception of satisfaction with surgery and cleaning, SLF and SF groups recorded significantly higher patient satisfaction than the OD for all VAS questions.ConclusionFixed restorations supported with either long or short implants were associated with improved implant stability, reduced bone loss, and increased patient satisfaction compared to implant‐assisted RPDs. However, implant‐assisted RPDs were associated with more favorable peri‐implant soft tissue health and increased satisfaction with surgery, healing, and cleaning.
Cooperation of TGF‐β and FGF signalling pathways in skin development
Authors: Li Xinxin , Xie Rongfang , Luo Yilin , Shi Runlu , Ling Yuanqiang , Zhao Xiaojing , Xu Xuejuan , Chu Weiwei , Wang Xusheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe skin is a multi‐layered structure composed of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis originates entirely from the ectoderm, whereas the dermis originates from various germ layers depending on its anatomical location; thus, there are different developmental patterns of the skin. Although the regulatory mechanisms of epidermal formation are well understood, mechanisms regulating dermis development are not clear owing to the complex origin. It has been shown that several morphogenetic pathways regulate dermis development. Of these, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways are the main modulators regulating skin cell induction, fate decision, migration and differentiation. Recently, the successful generation of human skin by modulating TGF‐β and FGF signals further demonstrated the irreplaceable roles of these pathways in skin regeneration. This review provides evidence of the role of TGF‐β and FGF signalling pathways in the development of different skin layers, especially the disparate dermis of different body regions. This review also provides new perspectives on the distinct developmental patterns of skin and explores new ideas for clinical applications in the future.
A long‐acting GDF15 analog causes robust, sustained weight loss and reduction of food intake in an obese nonhuman primate model
Authors: Zheng Songmao , Polidori David , Wang Yuanping , Geist Brian , Lin‐Schmidt Xiefan , Furman Jennifer L. , Nelson Serena , Nawrocki Andrea R. , Hinke Simon A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGrowth Differentiation Factor‐15 (GDF15) is a circulating polypeptide linked to cellular stress and metabolic adaptation. GDF15's half‐life is ~3 h and activates the glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha‐like (GFRAL) receptor expressed in the area postrema. To characterize sustained GFRAL agonism on food intake (FI) and body weight (BW), we tested a half‐life extended analog of GDF15 (Compound H [CpdH]) suitable for reduced dosing frequency in obese cynomolgus monkeys. Animals were chronically treated once weekly (q.w.) with CpdH or long‐acting GLP‐1 analog dulaglutide. Mechanism‐based longitudinal exposure‐response modeling characterized effects of CpdH and dulaglutide on FI and BW. The novel model accounts for both acute, exposure‐dependent effects reducing FI and compensatory changes in energy expenditure (EE) and FI occurring over time with weight loss. CpdH had linear, dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics (terminal half‐life ~8 days) and treatment caused exposure‐dependent reductions in FI and BW. The 1.6 mg/kg CpdH reduced mean FI by 57.5% at 1 week and sustained FI reductions of 31.5% from weeks 9–12, resulting in peak reduction in BW of 16 ± 5%. Dulaglutide had more modest effects on FI and peak BW loss was 3.8 ± 4.0%. Longitudinal modeling of both the FI and BW profiles suggested reductions in BW observed with both CpdH and dulaglutide were fully explained by exposure‐dependent reductions in FI without increase in EE. Upon verification of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship established in monkeys and humans for dulaglutide, we predicted that CpdH could reach double digit BW loss in humans. In summary, a long‐acting GDF15 analog led to sustained reductions in FI in overweight monkeys and holds potential for effective clinical obesity pharmacotherapy.
Superficial CD34 fibroblastic tumors and PRDM10‐rearranged soft tissue neoplasm: An evolving diagnosis
Authors: Johnson Cassandra , Parsa Leila , Gibbs Julie , Sligh James 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSuperficial CD34 fibroblastic tumors (SCD34FT) and PRDM10‐rearranged tumors (PRTs) are mesenchymal tumors that have recently received increased scientific attention due to their irrefutable similarities yet debatable relationship. A 74‐year‐old male presented to the dermatology clinic with a violaceous, well‐defined nodule on the left medial knee of 2‐year duration. Shave biopsy demonstrated spindle cells arranged in a vaguely storiform pattern forming fascicles. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for vimentin, CD68, CD10, and CD34 diffusely. ERG, S‐100, HMB45, and SOX‐10 were negative. Molecular studies identified a mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12)‐PR/SET Domain 10 (PRDM10) gene fusion thus favoring confirming the diagnosis of a PRT. Our patient underwent wide local excision with negative margins and had no complications. This case aims to provide context for considering SCD34FT and PRT as intersecting entities and to discuss a diagnostic approach when encountering these tumors.
Experiences of children and adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder taking methylphenidate
Authors: Jacobs Delphine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo improve clinical counselling for adolescents about the use of stimulant medication, it is crucial to understand the experiences of young people diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who are taking such treatment. For this narrative review, five databases were searched for studies investigating the personal experiences of control issues in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD taking methylphenidate. We extracted the data using NVivo 12 and interpretatively synthesized them according to the procedures of thematic analysis. Interviewed youngsters spontaneously put forward self‐experiences about self‐esteem and sense of control, although these issues were rarely explicitly addressed in the research question. The overarching theme in these studies was ‘improving the self’. Two subthemes emerged: (1) medication sometimes delivered on its promise to improve the self, but regularly it did not; and (2) youngsters felt pressurized to conform to behavioural norms and comply with the medication use that adults had decided on. To genuinely involve youngsters diagnosed with ADHD for whom stimulant medication is prescribed in the shared decision‐making process, we recommend to specifically involve them in a dialogue on the medication's potential effects on their self‐experiences. This will allow them to feel at least partly in control of their body and life, and less pressurized to conform to others' norms.
General population screening for paediatric type 1 diabetes—A qualitative study of UK professional stakeholders
Authors: Quinn Lauren M. , Narendran Parth , Randell Matthew J. , Bhavra Kirandeep , Boardman Felicity , Greenfield Sheila M. , Litchfield Ian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsIdentifying children at risk of type 1 diabetes allows education for symptom recognition and monitoring to reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation. We aimed to explore stakeholder views towards paediatric general population screening for type 1 diabetes in the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsQualitative interviews were undertaken with 25 stakeholders, including diabetes specialists, policymakers and community stakeholders who could be involved in a future type 1 diabetes screening programme in the UK. A thematic framework analysis was performed using the National Screening Committee's evaluative criteria as the overarching framework.ResultsDiabetic ketoacidosis prevention was felt to be a priority and proposed benefits of screening included education, monitoring and helping the family to better prepare for a future with type 1 diabetes. However, diabetes specialists were cautious about general population screening because of lack of evidence for public acceptability. Concerns were raised about the harms of living with risk, provoking health anxiety and threatening the child's right to an ‘open future’. Support systems that met the clinical and psychological needs of the family living with risk were considered essential. Stakeholders were supportive of research into general population screening and acknowledged this would be a priority if an immunoprevention agent were licensed in the UK.ConclusionsAlthough stakeholders suggested the harms of UK paediatric general population screening currently outweigh the benefits, this view would potentially be altered if prevention therapies were licensed. In this case, an evidence‐based screening strategy would need to be formulated and public acceptability explored.
Systematic review of the barriers and facilitators to dietary modification in people living with type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes from South Asian ethnic populations
Authors: Rai Amar , Misra Rohan , Khan Hasaan , Shukla Shivani , Patel Dipesh C. , Brown Adrian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsLifestyle and dietary modification are effective in the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, South Asian (SA) populations living in Western countries have low adherence rates to healthcare advice and experience poor diabetes control and clinical outcomes compared with the general population. This systematic review aimed to summarise the barriers and facilitators of dietary modification within people from South Asian (SA) ethnicity with T2DM or pre‐diabetes.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus generated 3739 articles, of which seven were included. Qualitative and quantitative data were inputted utilising COVIDENCE. Qualitative data were analysed by thematic analysis.ResultsThematic analysis identified three facilitators: (1) cultural sensitivity, (2) health education and (3) support networks. Barriers include (1) healthcare inequity, (2) cultural insensitivity, (3) social pressures, (4) misconceptions and (5) time constraints. Good access to health care and motivation were the most common facilitators discussed. Misconceptions on T2DM management and cultural insensitivity contributed to the majority of barriers discussed.ConclusionsCulturally tailored interventions could improve adherence to diet modification in people with T2DM from SA ethnicity. Interventions involving the application of social media to challenge intergenerational stigmas and misinformation, distributing culturally appropriate resources and providing diets tailored to the SA palate could help.
Non‐lesional treatments for tremor in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pedrosa Anna J. , Waldthaler Josefine , Mügge Felicitas , Timmermann Lars , Pedrosa David J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionTremor is often perceived as severely disabling by patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) and yet ranges among the most difficult symptoms to treat. To date, no comprehensive analysis of non‐lesional therapies to manage tremor in iPD exists to base recommendations upon. We therefore present a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis assessing the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of non‐lesional treatments for tremor in iPD.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched using a combination of title/abstract keywords complemented by hand‐searching of reference lists. A random‐effects meta‐analysis of standardized mean change scores was conducted where appropriate.ResultsSome 114 studies met inclusion criteria involving 8045 patients. The meta‐analysis revealed an overall reduction of standardized mean change scores by (−0.93 [CI: −1.42; −0.43], p < 0.001) by 14 different dopaminergic and non‐dopaminergic classes of agents. No significant differences were identified between direct comparisons. Subgroup analysis comparing dopamine receptor agonists resulted in superior effects of pramipexole and rotigotine compared with ropinirole. There was little cumulative evidence to support the use of individual non‐pharmacological interventions for tremor, except for electrical stimulation.ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis suggest a large but nonspecific effect of established pharmacological therapies on tremor in iPD. Based on high‐quality studies, there is sufficient evidence to support that levodopa, dopamine receptor agonists, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors provide tremor relief in most patients, while evidence supporting other treatments is less well established. Sufficient evidence to draw conclusions on effects of non‐lesional treatments in cases with refractory tremor is lacking.
Respiratory symptoms are common in stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders and are associated with number of body regions involved
Authors: Pimentel Maldonado Daniela A. , Balshi Alexandra , Hu Chen , Fitzgerald Kathryn C. , Koshorek Jacqueline , Reyes‐Mantilla Maria I. , Obando Danielle , Wang Yujie , Newsome Scott D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeStiff person syndrome (SPS) spectrum disorders (SPSSD) cause spasms and rigidity throughout different body regions and can be associated with apnea and acute respiratory failure. There are limited data on the prevalence and predictors of respiratory symptoms with spasms (RSwS) in SPSSD. We sought to characterize the spirometry patterns and the frequency and predictors of RSwS in a large SPSSD cohort.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the Johns Hopkins SPS Center between 1997 and 2021, as part of an ongoing, longitudinal observational study. Medical records were reviewed to assess demographics and clinical characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsOne‐hundred ninety‐nine participants (mean age = 53.4 ± 13.6 years, median time to diagnosis = 36 [IQR 66] months, 74.9% women, 69.8% White, 62.8% classic SPS phenotype) were included in final analyses; 35.2% of participants reported RSwS, of whom 24.3% underwent spirometry as part of routine clinical care. Obstructive (23.5%) and restrictive (23.5%) patterns were most commonly observed in those with SPSSD. An increasing number of body regions involved predicted the presence of RSwS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50–2.53); those with ≥5 body regions involved (vs. ≤4) had higher odds (OR = 6.19, 95% CI = 2.81–13.62) of experiencing RSwS in adjusted models. Two patients died from SPSSD‐associated respiratory compromise.ConclusionsRSwS are common in SPSSD and may be predicted by an increasing number of body regions involved by SPSSD. Close clinical monitoring and having a low threshold to obtain spirometry should be considered in people with SPSSD.
Etiologic distribution of isolated abducens nerve palsy: Analysis of 807 patients and literature review
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jae , Kim Hyo‐Jung , Choi Jeong‐Yoon , Yang Hee Kyung , Hwang Jeong‐Min , Kim Ji‐Soo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe etiologies of abducens nerve palsy have shown a large variability among studies. This study aimed to establish the clinical features and underlying etiologies of isolated abducens nerve palsy by recruiting patients from all departments in a referral‐based university hospital.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 807 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of isolated abducens nerve palsy at all departments of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea, from 2003 to 2020. We also compared the proportion of etiology with that of the patients pooled from the previous studies.ResultsThe most common etiology was microvascular (n = 296, 36.7%), followed by idiopathic (n = 143, 17.7%), neoplastic (n = 115, 14.3%), vascular anomalies (n = 82, 10.2%), inflammatory (n = 76, 9.4%), and traumatic (n = 35, 4.3%). Patients were mostly managed by ophthalmologists (n = 576, 71.4%), followed by neurologists (n = 479, 59.4%), emergency physicians (n = 278, 34.4%), neurosurgeons (n = 191, 23.7%), and others (n = 72, 8.9%). The proportion of etiology significantly differed according to the age and sex of the patients and the specialties involved in the management (p < 0.001). Compared to the pooled data from the previous reports, the current study showed a higher prevalence of microvascular cause but a lower occurrence of traumatic and neoplastic causes.ConclusionsThe results of previous studies on etiologic distribution of isolated abducens nerve palsy should be interpreted with consideration of the demographic features of patients recruited and the specialties involved.
Antibody response elicited by the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine booster in patients with multiple sclerosis: Who gains from it?
Authors: Schiavetti Irene , Inglese Matilde , Frau Jessica , Signoriello Elisabetta , Caleri Francesca , Stromillo Maria Laura , Ferrò Maria Teresa , Rilla Maria Teresa , Gandoglia Ilaria , Gazzola Paola , Brichetto Giampaolo , Pasquali Livia , Grimaldi Luigi , Ulivelli Monica , Marinelli Fabiana , Cordera Susanna , Clerico Marinella , Conte Antonella , Salvetti Marco , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Franciotta Diego , Uccelli Antonio , Sormani Maria Pia ,   CovaXiMS Study Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough two doses of COVID‐19 vaccine elicited a protective humoral response in most persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), a significant group of them treated with immunosuppressive disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) showed less efficient responses.MethodsThis prospective multicenter observational study evaluates differences in immune response after a third vaccine dose in pwMS.ResultsFour hundred seventy‐three pwMS were analyzed. Compared to untreated patients, there was a 50‐fold decrease (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.3–100.0, p < 0.001) in serum SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels in those on rituximab, a 20‐fold decrease (95% CI = 8.3–50.0, p < 0.001) in those on ocrelizumab, and a 2.3‐fold decrease (95% CI = 1.2–4.6, p = 0.015) in those on fingolimod. As compared to the antibody levels after the second vaccine dose, patients on the anti‐CD20 drugs rituximab and ocrelizumab showed a 2.3‐fold lower gain (95% CI = 1.4–3.8, p = 0.001), whereas those on fingolimod showed a 1.7‐fold higher gain (95% CI = 1.1–2.7, p = 0.012), compared to patients treated with other DMTs.ConclusionsAll pwMS increased their serum SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels after the third vaccine dose. The mean antibody values of patients treated with ocrelizumab/rituximab remained well below the empirical "protective threshold" for risk of infection identified in the CovaXiMS study (>659 binding antibody units/mL), whereas for patients treated with fingolimod this value was significantly closer to the cutoff.
Decreasing incidence of stroke, ischaemic heart disease and dementia in Norway, 1990–2019, a Global Burden of Disease study: an opportunity
Authors: Avan Abolfazl , Aamodt Anne Hege , Selbæk Geir , Bovim Gunnar , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Boon Paul , Grisold Wolfgang , Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe declining incidence of stroke, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and dementia (the ‘triple threat’) in Norway encourages further investigation. The risks and trends of the three conditions were analysed using data from the Global Burden of Disease study.MethodsGlobal Burden of Disease 2019 estimations were used for age‐, sex‐ and risk‐factor‐specific incidence and prevalence of the ‘triple threat’, their risk‐factor‐attributed deaths and disability combined, their age‐standardized rates per 100,000 population in 2019 and their changes during 1990–2019. Data are presented as means and 95% uncertainty intervals.ResultsIn 2019, 71.1 thousand Norwegians were living with dementia, 157.2 thousand with IHD and 95.2 thousand with stroke. In 2019, there were 9.9 thousand (8.5 to 11.3) new cases of dementia (35.0% increase since 1990), 17.0 thousand (14.6 to 19.6) with IHD (3.6% decrease) and 8.0 thousand (7.0 to 9.1) with stroke (12.9% decrease) in Norway. During 1990–2019, their age‐standardized incidence rates decreased significantly—dementia by −5.4% (−8.4% to −3.2%), IHD by −30.0% (−31.4% to −28.6%) and stroke by −35.3% (−38.3% to −32.2%). There were significant declines in the attributable risks to both environmental and behavioural factors in Norway, but contradictory trends for metabolic risk factors during 1990–2019.ConclusionsThe risk of the ‘triple threat’ conditions is declining in Norway, despite the increased prevalence. This offers the opportunity to find out why and how and to accelerate their joint prevention through new approaches and the promotion of the National Brain Health Strategy.