bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community specialisation in vegetation succession on central‐European disturbed sites
Authors: Ballesteros Miguel , Řehounková Klára , Vítovcová Kamila , Prach Karel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuestionsConservation and restoration efforts can greatly benefit from understanding how plant community specialisation changes after disturbance. This paper addresses general successional patterns concerning the following questions: How does community specialisation change during succession? What are the general patterns in the occurrence of generalists and specialists? What are the general ecological strategies of generalists and specialists? Are threatened species better represented among specialists, as generally expected?LocationCzech Republic, central Europe.MethodsWe assessed trends in plant community specialisation as well as the participation of generalists and specialists in 12 types of successional series based on a large data set of dated plots of spontaneously established vegetation at various disturbed sites. We classified species into generalists and specialists using a co‐occurrence specialisation metric, determined overall community specialisation at the plot level, and assessed trends in response to successional age for each of the seres using regression analyses, community‐weighted means and the fourth‐corner approach. We also examined the differences between generalists and specialists during succession by comparing their ecological strategies (competitive, stress‐tolerant and ruderal) and conservation status.ResultsCommunity specialisation generally increased during succession, mainly due to a decline in generalists and an increase in typical species of particular habitats such as grasslands, woodlands and wetlands. Despite the general increase in community specialisation, specialists peaked in early and old successional stages and were always less abundant than generalists. During succession, generalists were more stable in their ecological strategies and were predominantly competitive. Specialists varied more, being mostly competitive stress tolerators but also ruderals in early successional stages. Specialists were proportionally more threatened than generalists.ConclusionsGeneralists and specialists differ in their successional patterns, ecological strategies and conservation status. Assessing the spatio‐temporal changes in community specialisation helps to evaluate and track successional trends, and to determine the conservation and restoration status of degraded areas.
Mosaic assembly of regulatory programs for vascular cambial growth: a view from the Early Devonian
Authors: Pfeiler Kelly C. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Evidence for secondary growth extends into the Early Devonian, 407 million years ago, raising questions about tempo and mode of origination of this key developmental feature. To address such questions, we analyze anatomy in the four oldest fossil plants with well‐characterized woody tissues; one of these represents a new genus, described here formally.
The new fossil is documented using the cellulose acetate peel technique and associated methods. We use the paradigm of structural fingerprints to identify developmental components of cambial growth based on fossil anatomy. We integrate developmental inferences within a theoretical framework of modular regulation of secondary growth.
The fossils possess structural fingerprints consistent with four different combinations of regulatory mechanisms (modules) acting in cambial growth, representing four distinct modes of secondary growth.
The different modes of secondary growth demonstrate that cambial growth is an assemblage of regulatory modules whose deployment followed a mosaic pattern across woody plants, which may represent ancestors of younger lineages that exhibit woody growth. The diverse modes of wood development occupy a wide morphospace in the anatomy of wood in the Early Devonian, suggesting that the origins of secondary growth and of its modular components pre‐date this interval.
What is a protagonist?
Authors: Ladefoged Larn Anastasia , Deans Kristensen‐McLachlan Ross 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarly modern French dramas c.1550–1660 stage a multitude of female figures. Two of the most popular were the Greek‐Egyptian ruler Cleopatra and the Carthaginian noblewoman Sophonisbe who all in all appear in no less than 13 French tragedies from this period including some of the period's most important ones. In this article we undertake the first comparative and structural investigation of both figures' importance within the corpus by combining computationally assisted social network analysis and traditional close reading. By defining importance quantitatively based on four centrality measurements, we substantiate recent scholarship's highlighting of early modern dramatists' gendered interest and question traditional scholarly notions of protagonism.
Clinical implications of gallbladder enlargement in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Miyazawa Ayako , Matsushima Takahiro , Sakakibara Hiroshi , Akahoshi Shogo , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Koyama Yutaro , Miyata Koichi , Hataya Hiroshi , Miura Masaru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) presents with gallbladder enlargement (GBE) or hydrops in the acute phase. Although GBE is highly specific to KD, epidemiological data on GBE have not been updated. In this study we evaluated the occurrence rate of GBE in KD and characterized the clinical features of patients who developed GBE.MethodsThe present study was a prospective, observational study. The maximum longitudinal area of the gallbladder and the common bile duct diameter in KD patients were measured by ultrasonography at the start of initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy (day 0) and on days 7, 30, and 60 of therapy. The primary outcome was the complication rate of GBE (z‐ score ≥2.0) on day 0. The secondary outcome was the association of GBE with cholestasis, unresponsiveness to IVIG, and coronary artery lesions (CAL).ResultsGallbladder enlargement occurred in 35% (35/101) of patients on day 0. Cholestasis and severe patients (Kobayashi score [KS] ≥5) were more common in the GBE group (20.6% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.002, and 54.3% vs. 15.2%, p < 0.001, respectively). In patients with a KS of ≤4, the non‐responder rate was higher in the GBE group (44% vs. 20%, p = 0.0495) but did not differ in those with a KS of ≥5 (21% vs. 20%, p = 0.95). The rate of CAL occurrence did not differ significantly between the groups (8.6% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.64).ConclusionsGallbladder enlargement occurred in 35% of KD patients and was associated with cholestasis. Gallbladder enlargement may not only be a diagnostic finding, but also a severity marker in KD patients.
Evaluation of soybean genotypes for cowpea mild mottle virus resistance through phenotypic reaction and genotypic analysis
Authors: Yadav Manoj Kumar , Yadav Mukesh Kumar , Lal Sanjay Kumar , Sevanthi Amitha Mithra , Nabi Sajad Un , Baranwal Virendra Kumar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), a carlavirus nonpersistently transmitted by whiteflies, is an emerging and economically important virus of soybean. The present study aimed to identify soybean genotypes resistant to CPMMV through mechanical inoculation‐based phenotyping and marker trait association using gene‐specific and simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A set of 500 soybean genotypes was initially screened in the field for CPMMV infection, of which 288 genotypes showing resistance were evaluated further under controlled glasshouse conditions. Among these 288 genotypes, 43 (14.9%) were resistant, 59 (20.5%) were moderately resistant while the remaining 186 (64.6%) were susceptible. A set of five gene‐specific primer pairs, three of which targeted CPMMV R genes, was used for screening the 288 soybean genotypes; 96 genotypes from the 288 (based on disease score) were also genotyped with 24 SSR polymorphic markers for an association study. The mean values of major allele frequency and gene diversity were found to be 0.70 and 0.39, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.14 to 0.37. Population structure and cluster analysis revealed three subpopulations for the five gene‐specific markers and two distinct subpopulations for the 24 SSR markers, respectively. Neighbour joining‐based clustering analysis categorized the 288 genotypes into two major clusters. Three markers were found to be significantly associated with CPMMV resistance. The BARCSOYSSR0558 marker showed the highest phenotypic variance of 9.6%. The present study will help in identification of CPMMV R genes and breeding new resistant varieties through marker‐assisted selection.
The influence of volume‐matched acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control in late‐middle‐aged and older adults: A neuroelectric study
Authors: Chu Chien‐Heng , Kao Shih‐Chun , Hillman Charles H. , Chen Feng‐Tzu , Li Ruei‐Hong , Ai Jing‐Yi , Chang Yu‐Kai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcute aerobic exercise has been shown to benefit inhibitory control; however, less attention has been devoted to the effects of varying intensity and duration with a predetermined exercise volume. The current study assessed the influence of three distinct exercise conditions, each equated with a predesignated exercise volume but varied in terms of exercise durations and intensities, on inhibitory control utilizing both behavioral and neuroelectric measures obtained among late‐middle‐aged and older adults. Thirty‐four adults (61.76 ± 0.80 years) completed three exercise conditions [i.e., a 30‐min low‐intensity exercise (LIE), a 20‐min moderate‐intensity exercise (MIE), and a 16‐min high‐intensity exercise (HIE)] and a non‐exercise reading control condition (CON) on separate days. The exercise volumes of LIE and HIE were designed to match the exercise volume of MIE. Following cessation of each condition, the Stroop task was performed while event‐related potentials were recorded. Improved behavioral performance (i.e., shorter response time, higher accuracy, and smaller interference scores) was observed after LIE, MIE, and HIE than CON (ps < .005). Additionally, whereas a larger P3b amplitude was only observed following MIE compared to CON (p < .01), larger N2 and smaller N450 amplitudes were observed following all three exercise conditions compared to CON (ps < .005). These findings suggested that while MIE may provide additional benefits for attentional resource allocation, exercise conditions volume matched to MIE resulted in superior inhibitory control, paralleled by modulations of the neural underpinnings of conflict monitoring/detection.
The role ofGnRHin Tibetan male sheep and goat reproduction
Authors: Zhao Wangsheng , Adjei Michael , Zhang Zhenzhen , Yuan Zhenjie , Cisang Zhuoma , Song Tianzeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis connects the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads. The regulation of reproductive processes includes integrating various factors from structural functions and environmental conditions in the HPG axis, with the outcome indication of these processes being the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. These factors include feed consumption and nutritional condition, sex steroids, season/photoperiod, pheromones, age, and stress. GnRH pulsatile secretion affects the pattern of gonadotropin secretion of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which then regulates both endocrine function and gamete maturation in the gonads. This regulates gonadotropins and testosterone (T) production. There is evidence that in males, GnRH participates in a variety of host behavioural and physiological processes such as the release of reproductive hormones, progression of spermatogenesis and sperm function, aggressive behaviour, and physiological metabolism. GnRH activates receptors expressed on Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, respectively to stimulate T secretion and spermatogenesis in the testis. Photoperiod affects the reproductive system of the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis via rhythmic diurnal melatonin secretion. Increased release of melatonin promotes sexual activity, GnRH production, LH stimulation, and T production. This induces testicular functions, spermatogenesis, and puberty. GnRH reduces the release of LH by the pituitary through the cascade effect and decreases plasma concentration of T. Gut microbiota maintain sex steroid homeostasis and may induce reduction in reproduction productivity. Recently, findings of kisspeptin‐neurokinin‐dynorphin neuronal network in the brain have resulted in fast advances in how GnRH secretion is controlled. Emerging studies have also indicated that other neuropeptide analogues could be used in control reproduction procedures in various goat and sheep breeds. The Tibetan male sheep and goats reproduce on a seasonal basis and have high reproductive performance. This is a review for the role of GnRH in Tibetan male sheep and goats reproduction. This is intended to enhance reproductive knowledge for understanding the key roles of GnRH relating to male reproductive efficiency of Tibetan sheep or goats.
A question of genre: Philip Melanchthon's oratorical debut at Wittenberg University
Authors: Walser‐Bürgler Isabella 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe speech Philip Melanchthon gave on 29 August 1518 at the University of Wittenberg to initiate his professorship is an impressive piece of humanist idealism. Already its title, De corrigendis adolescentiae studiis (On the reform of the studies for the young) reveals his earnest ambitions in introducing reform. Not incidentally, thus, the speech received a lot of attention immediately after its delivery and enjoyed a remarkable popularity even decades after. The speech marks, however, not only an interesting object of study in terms of its content but also in terms of its generic form. Usually labelled as a declamation, this study will revaluate this generic attribution, for the first time, by arguing that the declamation as an academic genre was only introduced into the German academic landscape after Melanchthon's debut in Wittenberg and that De corrigendis adolescentiae studiis does not convincingly fit the standards of declamatory speech in many other respects. It will be shown that the category more apt for talking about Melanchthon's speech is that of the inaugural oration – a genre yet highly underappreciated in modern research on early modern academic oratory.
Mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 does not predispose to the development of autoimmune rheumatic diseases or autoimmune‐based thrombosis
Authors: Kozłowski Paweł , Lulek Michalina , Skwarek Agata , Śmiarowski Marcin , Małecka‐Giełdowska Milena , Ciepiela Olga 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) may have a significant impact on the human immune system. Interactions between the virus and defence mechanisms may promote the development of autoimmune processes which manifest as antinuclear antibody (ANA) synthesis. Since many different viruses are suspected to take part in the pathogenesis of different systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), we examined whether coronavirus disease 2019 convalescents who suffer from mild to moderate disease have a higher risk of developing ANA and anti‐β2‐glicoprotein I IgG antibodies (β2 GPI). In a retrospective study, we examined 294 adults among volunteer blood donors divided into convalescents (N = 215) and healthy controls (N = 79). For ANA detection, we used line‐blotting, a type of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IF), to determine antigenic specificity and ELISA for β2 GPI. We found a lower incidence of ANA in convalescents than in healthy controls, with the majority of these antibodies directed to antigens with no known clinical significance. Additionally, no participants were positive for β2 GPI in either group. Our results show that COVID‐19 with mild to moderate symptoms in the generally healthy population does not induce the development of ANA or anti‐β2 GPI antibodies for at least 6 months following the disease.
NdhS interacts with cytochrome b6f to form a complex in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lan Yixin , Chen Qi , Mi Hualing 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYCyclic electron transport (CET) around photosystem I (PSI) is crucial for photosynthesis to perform photoprotection and sustain the balance of ATP and NADPH. However, the critical component of CET, cyt b6f complex (cyt b6f), functions in CET has yet to be understood entirely. In this study, we found that NdhS, a subunit of NADPH dehydrogenase‐like (NDH) complex, interacted with cyt b6f to form a complex in Arabidopsis. This interaction depended on the N‐terminal extension of NdhS, which was conserved in eukaryotic plants but defective in prokaryotic algae. The migration of NdhS was much more in cyt b6f than in PSI‐NDH super‐complex. Based on these results, we suggested that NdhS and NADP+ oxidoreductase provide a docking domain for the mobile electron carrier ferredoxin to transfer electrons to the plastoquinone pool via cyt b6f in eukaryotic photosynthesis.
Diurnal gene oscillations modulated by RNA metabolism in tomato
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Xu Pengfei , Xue Wanxin , Zhu Weimin , Yu Xiang 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYDiurnal rhythms are known to regulate the expression of a large number of genes, coordinating plant growth and development with diel changes in light and temperature. However, the impact of RNA metabolism on rhythmic gene oscillations in plant is not yet fully understood. To address this question, we performed transcriptome and degradome profiling on tomato leaves at 6 time points during one 24 h cycle, using RNA‐seq and genome‐wide mapping of uncapped and cleavage transcripts (GMUCT). Time‐series profiling of RNA‐seq revealed 9342 diurnal‐oscillated genes, which were enriched in various metabolic processes. To quantify the general level of RNA degradation for each gene, we utilized the Proportion Uncapped (PU) metric, which represents the GMUCT/RNA‐seq ratio. Oscillated PU analysis revealed that 3885 genes were regulated by rhythmic RNA degradation. The RNA decay of these diurnal genes was highly coordinated with mRNA downregulation during oscillation, highlighting the critical role of internal transcription‐degradation balance in rhythmic gene oscillation. Furthermore, we identified 2190 genes undergoing co‐translational RNA decay (CTRD) with 5′ phosphate read ends enriched at the boundary of ribosomes stalling at translational termination sites. Interestingly, diurnal‐changed mRNAs with large amplitudes tended to be co‐translationally decay, suggesting that CTRD contributed to the rapid turnover of diurnal mRNAs. Finally, we also identified several genes, whose miRNA cleavage efficiency oscillated in a diurnal manner. Taken together, these findings uncovered the vital functions of RNA metabolism, including rhythmic RNA degradation, CTRD, and miRNA cleavage, in modulating the diurnal mRNA oscillations during diel change at post‐transcriptional level in tomato.
Restoration of β‐GC trafficking improves the lysosome function in Gaucher disease
Authors: Patel Saloni , Radhakrishnan Dhwani , Kumari Darpan , Bhansali Priyanka , Setty Subba Rao Gangi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLysosomes function as a primary site for catabolism and cellular signaling. These organelles digest a variety of substrates received through endocytosis, secretion and autophagy with the help of resident acid hydrolases. Lysosomal enzymes are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trafficked to lysosomes via Golgi and endocytic routes. The inability of hydrolase trafficking due to mutations or mutations in its receptor or cofactor leads to cargo accumulation (storage) in lysosomes, resulting in lysosome storage disorder (LSD). In Gaucher disease (GD), the lysosomes accumulate glucosylceramide because of low β‐glucocerebrosidase (β‐GC) activity that causes lysosome enlargement/dysfunction. We hypothesize that improving the trafficking of mutant β‐GC to lysosomes may improve the lysosome function in GD. RNAi screen using high throughput based β‐GC activity assay followed by reporter trafficking assay utilizing β‐GC‐mCherry led to the identification of nine potential phosphatases. Depletion of these phosphatases in HeLa cells enhanced the β‐GC activity by increasing the folding and trafficking of Gaucher mutants to the lysosomes. Consistently, the lysosomes in primary fibroblasts from GD patients restored their β‐GC activity upon the knockdown of these phosphatases. Thus, these studies provide evidence that altering phosphatome activity is an alternative therapeutic strategy to restore the lysosome function in GD.
A randomized controlled trial of post‐donation communication materials to increase donor return following a vasovagal reaction
Authors: Thijsen Amanda , Gemelli Carley N. , Davison Tanya E. , Masser Barbara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundVasovagal reactions (VVRs) are one of the primary reasons for people to stop donating blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of newly developed online communications on the rate of return of whole‐blood (WB) and plasma donors who experienced a VVR.Study Design and MethodsFirst‐time and experienced WB and plasma donors who had a VVR without a loss of consciousness in the previous 3 days were randomly allocated to receive (a) an SMS sent 1–4 days post‐VVR (n = 2303), (b) an email sent 6–10 days post‐VVR (n = 2360), (c) both the SMS and the email (n = 2248), or (d) business‐as‐usual donor retention communications (control; n = 2557). Donation data were extracted to determine subsequent donation attempts.ResultsFor return within 3 months, WB donors in the Email Only condition had significantly increased odds of returning (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01–1.56). Subgroup analysis within WB donors showed increased odds of return for women sent the SMS and Email (OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.14–1.96) or the Email Only (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.10–1.89), and for first‐time donors sent the Email Only (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.07–2.05). At 6 months, only first‐time WB donors in the Email Only condition had significantly increased odds of returning (OR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.01–1.69). No significant effects of the intervention were found for immediate or intermediate return for plasma donors.DiscussionSending an email addressing common donor concerns regarding VVRs increases WB donor retention, but additional strategies are needed for the effects to last and to retain plasma donors.