bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota as a target in the bone health of livestock and poultry: roles of short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Huang Shu-Cheng , He Yan-Feng , Chen Pan , Liu Kai-Li , Shaukat Aftab 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe regulation and maintenance of bone metabolic homeostasis are crucial for animal skeletal health. It has been established that structural alterations in the gut microbiota and ecological dysbiosis are closely associated with bone metabolic homeostasis. The gut microbiota and its metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), affect almost all organs, including the bone. In this process, SCFAs positively affect bone healing by acting directly on cells involved in bone repair after or by shaping appropriate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses. Additionally, SCFAs have the potential to maintain bone health in livestock and poultry because of their various biological functions in regulating bone metabolism, including immune function, calcium absorption, osteogenesis and osteolysis. This review primarily focuses on the role of SCFAs in the regulation of bone metabolism by gut microbiota and provides insight into studies related to bone health in livestock and poultry.
Association of Low-Normal Free T4 Levels With Future Major Depression Development
Authors: Odawara Sara , Shimbo Takuro , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kobayashi Daiki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Hyperthyroidism and overt and subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with major depression; however, the association of major depression across the spectrum of thyroid function within the normal range is unknown.

Objective
We investigated whether higher or lower levels of free thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) within the normal range are associated with major depression.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of 66 960 participants with normal thyroid function who visited for health checkups (St. Luke's International Hospital, 2005-2018). The primary outcome was the development of major depression during the follow-up period. Participants were divided into 3 equal groups based on baseline free T4 or TSH values (low-, middle-, or high-normal), and the incidence of major depression was compared using the Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for potential covariates.

Results
During the median follow-up of 1883 days, 1363 (2.0%) patients developed major depression. The low-normal free T4 group had a significantly higher risk of major depression (adjusted HR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31), but not the high-normal free T4 group or TSH groups. The association between low-normal free T4 and the development of major depression was maintained, rather more obvious, upon exclusion of participants whose thyroid hormone levels became abnormal during follow-up compared with data from all participants (adjusted HR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.43).

Conclusion
In this cohort, low-normal free T4 was associated with an increased risk of future major depression, even if subsequent hormone levels were maintained within the normal range. The magnitude of the impact of low-normal free T4 was relatively mild.
Prospects of digital scientific publishing on blockchain: The concept of DAP
Authors: Skala Karolj , Šojat Zorislav , Maričević Josip , Davidović Davor , Bojović Viktor , Zubčić Tomislav , Kolarek Branimir , Pažin Dario , Tomić Draško , Slapnik Tadej , Pecimotika Mario 
Published: July 2023

Background: Traditional publishing models, open access and major publishers, cannot adequately address the key challenges of academic publishing today: Speed of peer review, recognition of work and incentive mechanisms, transparency and thrust of the system. Methods: To address these challenges, the authors propose Decentralised Academic Publishing (DAP), which is based on the novel HashNET DLT platform. The DAP introduces several innovative components: tracking the activities of all participants in the peer review process using blockchain and smart contracts, the introduction of the Scholarly Wallet for holding reputation (non-fungible) and reward (fungible) tokens, the use of the Scholarly Wallet as the main interface to the DAP platform, the Virtual Editor that enables automatic discovery of the research area and invitation of reviewers, and finally the global database of evaluated reviewers, ranked by the quality of their previous work. Results: The DAP platform is in the development phase, with the design and functionalities of all modules defined. An exception is the central component of DAP, the Scholarly Wallet module, whose first prototype has already been created, tested and published. The implementation of DAP is planned for the next phase of the HorizonEurope TruBlo project and other research initiatives. The DAP platform will be connected to the publishing ecosystem: 1) as a backend system (distributed blockchain database) for existing publishing platforms and 2) as a standalone publishing platform with its own API interface. Conclusions: The authors believe that DAP has the potential to significantly improve academic peer review and knowledge dissemination. It is expected that the use of blockchain technology, the fast HashNET consensus platform and tokens for reward (fungible) and reputation/ranking (non-fungible) will lead to a more efficient and transparent way of rewarding all participants in the peer review process and ultimately advance scientific research.
Theoretical optimization of a frequency-domain- based color polarization interference sensor via coupling with a Gaussian beam
Authors: Wang Guiqiang , Xie Pengpeng , Xu Xiaoxue 
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a Gaussian-beam-coupled color polarization interference (CCPI) sensor with an adjustable digital Gaussian filter was proposed theoretically in the frequency domain. The coupling principle of a traditional color polarization interference (CPI) sensor and a Gaussian beam was investigated, and sensitivity optimization was then implemented. The formation of a doublet is related to the shape of a CPI curve, expected wavelength, and FWHM of the Gaussian beam. Based on the calculated results, the angle between the two polarizers and the obliquity of the wave plate are the two most significant adjusting parameters. The sensitivity of a CCPI sensor is approximately twofold higher than that of a traditional CPI sensor. The sensing range is also related to the FWHM of the Gaussian beam and a larger FWHM usually means a wider sensing range. We also found that the sensitivity would reach a maximum when the incident angle is near the total internal reflection angle. Besides, a longer incident wavelength usually corresponds to a higher sensitivity and the sensitivity could reach as high as 9270 nm/refractive index unit when the resonance wavelength is 977.40 nm.
Particle swarm optimizer for the surface plasmon resonance effect on metal gratings
Authors: de Araujo Felipe José Lucena , de Melo Ernande Ferreira , Fontana Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

In this work, the spectral dependence of optimum parameters of the
surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect on metallized sinusoidal
diffraction gratings, under normal incidence, was determined using the
particle swarm optimization method. The method was chosen due to its
simplicity and effectiveness in providing reliable results, relative
to direct search or gradient methods. The Rayleigh’s hypothesis, which
restricts the analysis to the case of shallow gratings, is used to
model the diffracted fields across the interface between the sensing
medium and metal. A penalty function was applied to avoid the
occurrence of singularities and violation of the validity of the
Rayleigh hypothesis. Using this procedure, the optimum values of
grating periodicity and amplitude that maximized the sensitivity
function for gold, silver, copper, and aluminum—metals that yield high
quality factor SPR effects—were determined in a wavelength range
between 500 and 1600 nm, for both gaseous and aqueous
sensing media.
Metasurface reflector enables room-temperature circularly polarized emission from VCSEL
Authors: Jia Xiangli , Kapraun Jonas , Wang Jiaxing , Qi Jipeng , Ji Yipeng , Chang-Hasnain Connie 
Published: July 2023

While most lasers are linearly polarized, circularly polarized laser sources are crucial components for many optical applications such as biosensing, quantum technologies, and AR/VR. However, conventional methods for generating chiral light have limitations in device miniaturization. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), with their small footprint and surface emission feature, can be integrated with ultrathin metasurfaces for light manipulation, offering an opportunity to realize ultracompact chiral lasers. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of chiral lasing from electrically pumped VCSELs at room temperature, without spin injection. This is enabled by incorporating a high-contrast chiral metasurface reflector as the VCSEL top mirror, favoring one specific circular polarization for lasing. Our demonstrated 940 nm VCSELs show stable single-mode chiral lasing and achieve a circular-polarization degree of up to 59%. This study provides a scalable approach for circular-polarization control of VCSELs and holds great promise for applications that desire ultracompact chiral emitters.
Functional and structural outcomes and complications after pars plana vitrectomy for severe features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kaźmierczak Karolina , Żuchowski Paweł , Stafiej Joanna , Malukiewicz Grażyna 
Published: July 2023

PurposeTo evaluate the functional and structural outcomes as well as postoperative complications after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for severe features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.MethodsTwenty two eyes of type 1 diabetics (DM1 group) and 27 eyes of type 2 diabetics (DM2 group) were included. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), postoperative structural changes in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and postoperative complications such as recurrent vitreous haemorrhage, diabetic macular oedema, secondary glaucoma and persistent tractional retinal detachment (TRD) were assessed and compared between the two groups.ResultsComplete reattachment of retina was achieved in 88.9% from the DM1 group and in 95.5% from the DM2 group and remained attached in follow-up. BCVA in DM2 group was significantly lower preoperatively (p = 0.04). Mean postoperative BCVA significantly improved in both studied groups, but it was more evident in eyes of type 2 diabetics compared to type 1 diabetics. In eyes in the DM1 group there was perceptible stabilisation of BCVA. Poor visual acuity or lack of improvement in BCVA in the DM1 group was related to preoperative subretinal haemorrhage in macular region, and TRD involving macula, whereas in the DM2 group–to preoperative subretinal haemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma. The postoperative structural changes (disruption of EZ and ELM) were observed more often in DM2 group, but had the greatest impact on BCVA in eyes of type 1 DM. Complications after PPV for PDR were rare and hadn’t a significant influence on the final functional outcomes in both groups.ConclusionsFunctional improvement after PPV for severe features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy were more noticeable in patients with type 2 DM. Postoperative structural changes had more negative impact on BCVA in type 1 diabetics.
The history of the development of endocrine surgery in Saratov: professor Myshkin K.I. is the founder of the school of endocrine surgery
Authors: Duboshina T. B. , Meshcheryakov V. L. , Kapralov S. V. , Yakubenko V. V. , Amirov E. V. , Turlykova I. A. , Vanzha Ya. E. 
Published: July 2023

The article tells about the work and scientific achievements of Professor K.I. Myshkin — surgeon, founder of the school of endocrine surgery, teacher, whose example has become a guide for many on their professional path. Materials about the biography of the great professional, information about the continuation of his scientific achievements by his students and followers are given.
Influence of sleeve gastrectomy on menstrual function and ovarian reserve in patients with obesity
Authors: Semikova G. V. , Dora S. V. , Shvets Z. V. , Kulchitskaya E. A. , Volkova A. R. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with development of menstrual disorders (MD), a decrease in ovarian reserve and infertility. Treatment of obesity contributes to the normalization of the reproductive function of women. Bariatric surgery is known to be the most effective method of obesity treatment, while the most common intervention is the sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the effect of which on menstrual function and ovarian reserve has not been studied enough.AIM: To study the effect of SG on menstrual function and ovarian reserve in obese women of reproductive ageMATERIALS AND METHODS: Female patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 aged 25 to 36 years were examined. At baseline and 6 months after SG, the characteristics of menstrual function were determined, BMI and HOMA-IR were calculated, and the level of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was measured. The obtained parameters were compared in patients with and without MDRESULTS: . In all patients, 6 months after SG, there was a decrease in BMI: 30.1 kg/m2 (29.3–32.1) and 39.3 kg/m2 (37.3–41.0) (p<0.001), HOMA -IR: 5.0 (4.1–5.9) and 2.8 (2.1–3.2) (p=0.001). The initial level of AMH in patients with MD (n=12) was lower than in patients with normal menstrual function (n=10): 2.4 ng/ml (1.9–2.0) and 3.2 ng/ml (2.6–4.2), respectively (p=0.032). A significant increase in AMH levels occurred only in the group of patients with MD (p=0.04). MD remained only in 3 women.CONCLUSION: SG in patients of reproductive age with obesity is associated with the normalization of menstrual function and an increase in AMH, as well as a decrease in the degree of insulin resistance.
The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
Authors: ALMisned Ghada , Susoy Gulfem , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Rabaa Elaf , Kilic Gokhan , Ilik Erkan , Sen Baykal Duygu , Ene Antoaneta , Tekin Huseyin Ozan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report the gamma-ray shielding properties of five different lithium silicate glasses based on the (40 − x) Li2O–10Pb3O4–50SiO2 nominal composition. Transmission factor values and some basic shielding parameters such as linear (µ) and mass attenuation coefficients (µ/ρ), half-value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path (MFP) values of the investigated glass samples are determined in a large photon energy range. Using the G–P fitting method at various MFP values, the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values of the examined glasses are also calculated. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the S5 glass specimen, which exhibits the greatest Ag2O additive and density among the various glass samples, represents a favorable choice for the purpose of shielding against gamma radiation.
The adaptive roles of aneuploidy and polyclonality in Leishmania in response to environmental stress
Authors: Negreira Gabriel H , de Groote Robin , Van Giel Dorien , Monsieurs Pieter , Maes Ilse , de Muylder Geraldine , Van den Broeck Frederik , Dujardin Jean‐Claude , Domagalska Malgorzata A 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAneuploidy is generally considered harmful, but in some microorganisms, it can act as an adaptive mechanism against environmental stress. Here, we use Leishmania—a protozoan parasite with remarkable genome plasticity—to study the early steps of aneuploidy evolution under high drug pressure (using antimony or miltefosine as stressors). By combining single‐cell genomics, lineage tracing with cellular barcodes, and longitudinal genome characterization, we reveal that aneuploidy changes under antimony pressure result from polyclonal selection of pre‐existing karyotypes, complemented by further and rapid de novo alterations in chromosome copy number along evolution. In the case of miltefosine, early parasite adaptation is associated with independent point mutations in a miltefosine transporter gene, while aneuploidy changes only emerge later, upon exposure to increased drug levels. Therefore, polyclonality and genome plasticity are hallmarks of parasite adaptation, but the scenario of aneuploidy dynamics depends on the nature and strength of the environmental stress as well as on the existence of other pre‐adaptive mechanisms.
Pharmacoepidemiological and drug interaction analysis in the treatment of chronic renal and hepatic failure
Authors: Zhukova O. V. , Fokina D. S. , Ruina O. V. , Khazov M. V. 
Published: July 2023

Objective: to perform pharmacoepidemiological and drug interaction analysis of pharmacotherapy for liver/kidney transplantation.Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of multidisciplinary hospital in Nizhny Novgorod, which provides both therapeutic and high-tech surgical care. The object of the study was medical records of 34 patients who had undergone pharmacotherapy for liver/kidney transplantation. We evaluated the particularly dangerous moderate interactions that pose the greatest risk to patient health using Drugs.com electronic resource. Pharmacoepidemiologic assessment was performed using the ATC/DDD methodology (anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification system – defined daily dose (DDD)) recommended by the World Health Organization. The “average bed occupancy per year” was calculated using DDD per 100 bed-days. ABC analysis was used to estimate the costs of drug groups in therapy for liver/kidney transplantation. Results. In most cases, the third generation cephalosporins were used in the therapy of liver/kidney transplant patients (55.56% of all prescriptions). Antimicrobial drugs were mostly prescribed as monotherapy (61.9%). There were 111 potential major (14.41%) and moderate (72.07%) interactions detected. The largest number of moderate type risks was associated with changes in blood pressure levels (in 23.75% of cases – possible decrease, in 10% – increase), 7.5% of cases were accompanied by headaches, 6.25% – by reduction of drug effectiveness. In antimicrobial therapy, two main interactions were found: moxifloxacin – tacrolimus (arrhythmia), and metipred – moxifloxacin (tendon dystrophy), which is 12.5% of all main interactions for 21 case histories. In the ABC analysis, immunosuppressants were in group A (cost share 85.8%). Tacrolimus accounted for the largest amount of consumption: number of defined daily doses (NDDD) per year was 532.27 mg, NDDD per 100 bed days reached 432.18 (the highest among all drugs).Conclusion. Pharmacoepidemiologic analysis allows us to systematize data on medication use. The choice of drugs in order to ensure safe and effective use of the registered drug interactions is facilitated by electronic databases.
Development of methodological approaches to the formation of a risk-based model to minimize the prevalence of adverse reactions in drug application in medical organizations of Moscow
Authors: Kuznetsova E. V. , Zhuravleva M. V. , Mikhailov I. A. , Kurnosova T. I. 
Published: July 2023

Objective: development of approaches to predict the likelihood of adverse reactions (ARs) when using drugs based on a comprehensive assessment of risk factors.Material and methods. We used a database containing 1,450 drug-related ARs reports from January through December 2021. A list of antibacterial drugs by international nonproprietary name (INN) with 4 or more ARs reports was selected as a reference group to perform various types of statistical analysis. A cumulative multivariate regression analysis was carried out on a database of 187 ARs notifications for 13 INN of antibacterial drugs. The study was performed in two stages. In the first stage, a statistical method was used (classical multiple regression, linear discriminant analysis, factor analysis, principal component regression, partial least squares regression, estimation of variance accuracy); at the second stage a modeling method was used. As part of the modeling stage, the integral score of the risk of ARs was presented as a sum of values for individual risk factors. Two groups of risks were proposed to be assessed: 1) intrinsic risk value for each factor (attribute), which was equal to the sum of risks of all factors (conditions) in which the drug had been used; 2) intrinsic risk value for antibacterial drugs by each INN. The total risk value was defined as the sum of the risk of the drug and all factors (conditions) in which this drug had been used.Results. The results were visualized in the form of a two-level risk-based model matrix, with a “heat map” of the risk level overlaid on it. The maximum total risk of ARs was obtained for ceftriaxone – 404.96 points, depending on patient’s gender. The minimum total risk was calculated for azithromycin and cefotaxime depending on the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) code – 88.46 points. The proposed methodological approach also allows combining all possible combinations of drugs and conditions of their use. For example, for the use of vancomycin in hospital conditions by intravenous administration: intrinsic risk of use – 42.93 points; risk of use in hospital conditions – 183.68 points; risk when administered intravenously – 209.95 points; the total risk value in the designated situation – 436.56 points.Conclusion. The proposed approach can allow medical organizations to reduce significantly the number of ARs when using drugs by categorizing and preventing risks before they occur. It also has significant prospects of application at the federal level, given its modification on a large volume of data.
Molecular pharmacology of coenzyme Q10 in the context of treatment of hyperlipidemic conditions
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. 
Published: July 2023

Background. Therapy of hyperlipidemia with synthetic statin drugs is characterized by a number of side effects. In particular, statin-dependent myopathy occurs as a result of statin inhibition of biosynthesis of cofactor coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which plays a central role in the electron transport chains during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis in mitochondria.Objective: systematic analysis of scientific publications on CoQ10 pharmacology with an emphasis on its effect on the lipid profile.Material and methods. The analysis included 16,788 articles found by “coenzyme Q10 OR ubiquinone" query in the PubMed/MEDLINE biomedical publications database. Topological and metric big data analysis methods were used developed in the scientific school of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yu.I. Zhuravlev.Results. A much wider range of CoQ10 pharmacological effects was established than simply supporting ATP biosynthesis. Coenzyme Q10 exhibits pronounced lipid-lowering, anti-asthenic, and anti-inflammatory effects and can be successfully used in the treatment of asthenic conditions, cardiovascular pathology (including hyperlipidemia and statin-induced myopathy), carbohydrate metabolism disorders (insulin resistance), and diverse neurological diseases. CoQ10 supplements reduce mortality by 50% in patients with cardiovascular diseases, improve glycemic control in insulin resistance, kidney function, and are useful in the treatment of migraine and neurodegenerative pathologies (Parkinson's disease, etc.).Conclusion. Experimental data and evidence base indicate the potential of using CoQ10 in patients with hyperlipidemia and other cardiovascular system diseases.