bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐Crosslinking with Hydrogel Microparticles Enhances the Printability of Alginate‐Based Inks
Authors: Hazur Jonas , Röder Jonas , Czwalinna Jonas , Schubert Dirk W. , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe main challenge in extrusion‐based bioprinting is to develop inks which must comprise a manifold of characteristics before, during, and after printing. To tackle the challenge of good shape fidelity and printability of low concentration inks, in this study hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) are proposed to produce internally pre‐crosslinked inks. Alginate (Alg) and oxidized alginate (OA)‐based HMPs are fabricated and used as Ca2+‐releasing reservoirs. OA HMPs are used to demonstrate the versatility of this approach and to show its suitability also for chemically modified alginate. Embedded in either fresh Alg or OA solution, HMPs are used to pre‐crosslink the inks. Rheological measurements revealed that HMP pre‐crosslinking increases the yield stress and viscosity while reducing the loss angle of bioinks. Moreover, printing experiments reveal that being able to tailor rheological properties is an effective tool to improve printability. Furthermore, pre‐crosslinking significantly alters the hydogel internal microstructure. In vitro studies show that NIH/3T3 cells proliferate in HMP pre‐crosslinked bioinks modified with gelatin. Altogether, a low‐cost and easy to use setup to prepare HMPs is presented and for the first time, the possibility of using such HMPs as pre‐crosslinking agent to tailor the printability of alginate‐based bioinks is demonstrated.
Mechanical Stability of Liquid‐Infused Surfaces Based on Mussel‐Inspired Polydopamine Chemistry
Authors: Chiera Salvatore , Ghetina Melissa , Zimmermann Thomas , Wintzheimer Susanne , Stauch Claudia , Löbmann Peer , Mandel Karl , Vogel Nicolas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiquid‐infused surfaces exhibit remarkable repellency properties toward water, oils, and complex fluids and are widely applied to maintain clean, operational, and high‐performing surfaces in various fields, from the biomedical sector to marine infrastructure. Polydopamine (PDA) forms an ideal base layer for the development of such coatings as it adheres to virtually any substrate and can be chemically modified via amino‐containing molecules to adjust the surface properties. Here, strategies are explored to increase the mechanical stability of such coatings by i) incorporating imidazole during film formation to increase crosslinking, and ii) formation of a composite consisting of the organic PDA and an inorganic siliceous porous coating by infiltration of a preformed porous silica layer with PDA. Both strategies exhibit improved resistance to tangential shear assessed by a sandpaper abrasion test and to dynamic impact assessed by a sand trickle test. These improved mechanical properties are successfully transferred to liquid‐infused surfaces created from such modified PDA base layers. The most durable coatings retain efficient liquid repellency after 25 abrasion cycles, indicating improved resilience in real‐world applications.
Exercise promotes growth and rescues volume deficits in the hippocampus after cranial radiation in young mice
Authors: Szulc‐Lerch Kamila , Yeung Jonas , de Guzman A. Elizabeth , Egan Shannon , Yee Yohan , Fernandes Darren , Lerch Jason P. , Mabbott Donald J. , Nieman Brian J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman and animal studies suggest that exercise promotes healthy brain development and function, including promoting hippocampal growth. Childhood cancer survivors that have received cranial radiotherapy exhibit hippocampal volume deficits and are at risk of impaired cognitive function, thus they may benefit from regular exercise. While morphological changes induced by exercise have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in humans and animal models, evaluation of changes across the brain through development and following cranial radiation is lacking. In this study, we used high‐resolution longitudinal MRI through development to evaluate the effects of exercise in a pediatric mouse model of cranial radiation. Female mice received whole‐brain radiation (7 Gy) or sham radiation (0 Gy) at an infant equivalent age (P16). One week after irradiation, mice were housed in either a regular cage or a cage equipped with a running wheel. In vivo MRI was performed prior to irradiation, and at three subsequent timepoints to evaluate the effects of radiation and exercise. We used a linear mixed‐effects model to assess volumetric and cortical thickness changes. Exercise caused substantial increases in the volumes of certain brain regions, notably the hippocampus in both irradiated and nonirradiated mice. Volume increases exceeded the deficits induced by cranial irradiation. The effect of exercise and irradiation on subregional hippocampal volumes was also characterized. In addition, we characterized cortical thickness changes across development and found that it peaked between P23 and P43, depending on the region. Exercise also induced regional alterations in cortical thickness after 3 weeks of voluntary exercise, while irradiation did not substantially alter cortical thickness. Our results show that exercise has the potential to alter neuroanatomical outcomes in both irradiated and nonirradiated mice. This supports ongoing research exploring exercise as a strategy for improving neurocognitive development for children, particularly those treated with cranial radiotherapy.
Case study of combined marine‐ and land‐based passive seismic surveying in front of Nordenskiöldbreen outlet glacier, Adolfbukta, Svalbard
Authors: Stemland Helene Meling , Ruud Bent Ole , Johansen Tor Arne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlaciers generate seismic waves due to calving and fracturing, meaning that recording and following event classification can be used to monitor glacier dynamics. Our aim with this study is to analyse seismic data acquired at the seabed and on land in front of Nordenskiöldbreen on Svalbard during 8 days in October 2020. The survey included 27 ocean bottom nodes, each equipped with 3 geophones and a hydrophone, and 101 land‐based geophones. The resulting data contain numerous seismic P‐, S‐ and Scholte wave events throughout the study period, as well as non‐seismic gravity waves. The recording quality strongly depends on receiver type and location, especially for the latter wave types. Our results demonstrate that hydrophones at the seabed are advantageous to record gravity waves, and that Scholte waves are only recorded close to the glacier. The Scholte waves are used to estimate the near‐surface S‐wave profile of the seabed sediments, and the gravity wave amplitudes are converted to wave heights at the surface. We further discuss possible source mechanisms for the recorded events and present evidence that waves from earthquakes, calving and brittle fracturing of the glacier and icebergs are all represented in the data. The interpretation is based on frequency content, duration, seismic velocities and onset (emergent/impulsive) and is supported by source localization, which we show is challenging for this dataset. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of using seismic observations for detecting glacier‐related events and provides valuable knowledge about the importance of survey geometry, particularly the advantages of including seabed receivers in the vicinity of the glacier.
Infinite‐horizon optimal control for networked control systems with Markovian packet losses
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Li Zixing , Liu Tao , Liang Xiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article is concerned with the infinite‐horizon optimal control for networked control systems with Markovian packet losses. We focus on the case that packet losses may occur in an unreliable communication channel between the sensor and the controller. This sort of packet loss enables the optimal control problem to fall into the category of optimal output‐feedback control. Also, the output involves multiplicative noise. As well known, the separation principle fails to hold in a multiplicative‐noise setting. Thus the problem is very involved. By solving forward and backward stochastic difference equations and making convergence analysis, we acquire the necessary and sufficient solvability condition and the explicit optimal controller. The achieved results are illustrated by numerical examples.
The management of pain during pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A qualitative study of contextual factors that influenced pain management practices
Authors: Plummer Karin , McCarthy Maria , Newall Fiona , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren hospitalized following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experience complex and prolonged pain in response to the intensity of this treatment.ObjectivesTo describe how pain was managed for children during HSCT therapy and how contextual factors related to the clinical environment influenced healthcare providers' and parents' pain management practices.MethodsA qualitative case study was conducted and involved semi‐structured interviews at two time points following transplantation (30 and 90 days) with parents (n = 10) and naturalistic observations of pain‐related care provided to children (n = 29) during HSCT therapy by their healthcare providers (n = 10). Semi‐structured interviews were also conducted with healthcare providers (n = 14).ResultsThe effectiveness of pain management interventions was hindered by the multifactorial nature of pain children experienced, a gap in the provision of psychosocial interventions for pain and a lack of evidence‐based guidelines for the sustained, and often long‐term, administration of opioids and adjuvant medications. Misconceptions were demonstrated by healthcare providers about escalating pain management according to pain severity and differentiating between opioid tolerance and addiction. Parents were active in the management of pain for children, especially the provision of nonpharmacological interventions. Collaboration with external pain services and the impact of caring for children in protective isolation delayed timely management of pain.ConclusionsThere is a pressing need to create evidence‐based supportive care guidelines for managing pain post transplantation to optimize children's relief from pain. If parents and children are to be involved in managing pain, greater efforts must be directed toward building their capacity to make informed decisions.
Autonomic dysreflexia: Current pharmacologic management
Authors: Solinsky Ryan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a frequent complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), though current clinical practice patterns for medication management of this condition are unknown. Correspondingly, it is unclear if national differences in practice patterns exist.ObjectiveTo determine trends in current pharmacologic management of AD throughout the Americas.DesignInternational survey of current physician practice patterns.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsSixty physicians managing patients with SCI and prescribing medications to manage AD.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPresence of a formal pharmacologic AD management protocol, first‐ and second‐line medications, patient characteristics influencing pharmacologic management.ResultsThe majority of physicians (69%) had a formal AD management protocol for inpatient care, with nitroglycerin ointment (82%) being the most common first‐line medication. Strong national differences existed regarding the use of nitroglycerin ointment, with 98% of U.S.‐based physicians using this as first‐line medication and 0% of physicians in Canada or Latin America using this due to recent lack of medication availability. Only 67% of physicians had a preferred second‐line medication, with preferences split between hydralazine (48%) and nifedipine (28%). A systolic blood pressure threshold for pharmacologic management was used by 56% of physicians, wheres 26% considered neurological level of injury in decisions to use medications for AD. Heart rate was used by only 5% of physicians in their decision to manage AD with medications.ConclusionsAs of 2023, U.S.‐based physicians caring for individuals with SCI largely have formal inpatient protocols in place for medication management of AD, with nearly all relying on nitroglycerin ointment as their first‐line medication. In areas outside of the United States where nitroglycerin ointment is unavailable, pharmacologic practice patterns significantly differ.
Direct relationship between crystalline structure and part deformation of polypropylene copolymer parts fabricated by material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Ju Weilong , Gao Xia , Su Yunlan , Luo Faliang , Wang Dujin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe high crystallinity and fast crystallization rate of polypropylene (PP) often result in severe warpage of final parts prepared by means of material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM). In this work, the effect of bed temperature (Tb) and nozzle temperature (Tn) on the dimensional accuracy and mechanical property of MEAM‐printed PP copolymer parts was investigated. It is found that raising Tb and Tn could significantly reduce the warpage of PP parts by regulating the crystallization behavior of PP. Specially, the amount of γ‐crystal grows obviously while the total crystallinity remains unchanged, as Tb or Tn increases. Moreover, the more the content of γ‐crystal, the lower the warpage height of PP samples is. Hence, a close correlation between the content of γ‐crystal and part deformation of MEAM‐printed PP parts is successfully established. This is mainly related to the large rigidity of γ‐crystal, which significantly reduces the volume shrinkage of PP during MEAM process. Besides, the raise of Tb or Tn also enhances the tensile strength, modulus and the elongation at break of PP parts. This wok provides an effective and convenient method for the manufacture of PP parts with good dimensional accuracy and excellent mechanical properties by means of MEAM techniques.
Applying molecular docking to pesticides
Authors: Hou Yang , Bai Yuqian , Lu Chang , Wang Qiuchan , Wang Zishi , Gao Jinsheng , Xu Hongliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPesticide creation is related to the development of sustainable agricultural and ecological safety, and molecular docking technology can effectively help in pesticide innovation. This paper introduces the basic theory behind molecular docking, pesticide databases, and docking software. It also summarizes the application of molecular docking in the pesticide field, including the virtual screening of lead compounds, detection of pesticides and their metabolites in the environment, reverse screening of pesticide targets, and the study of resistance mechanisms. Finally, problems with the use of molecular docking technology in pesticide creation are discussed, and prospects for the future use of molecular docking technology in new pesticide development are discussed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sublethal effects of nine insecticides on Drosophila suzukii and its major pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae
Authors: Lisi Fabrizio , Mansour Ramzi , Cavallaro Carmelo , Alınç Tuğcan , Porcu Emanuele , Ricupero Michele , Zappalà Lucia , Desneux Nicolas , Biondi Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC10) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host.ResultsChlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC10, the values of which were 9.78 × 1013 and 1.46 × 103 times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda‐cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids.ConclusionThis study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A Bayesian optimal interval design for dose optimization with a randomization scheme based on pharmacokinetics outcomes in oncology
Authors: Takeda Kentaro , Zhu Jing , Li Ran , Yamaguchi Yusuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe primary objective of an oncology dose‐finding trial for novel therapies, such as molecularly targeted agents and immune‐oncology therapies, is to identify the optimal dose (OD) that is tolerable and therapeutically beneficial for subjects in subsequent clinical trials. Pharmacokinetic (PK) information is considered an appropriate indicator for evaluating the level of drug intervention in humans from a pharmacological perspective. Several novel anticancer agents have been shown to have significant exposure‐efficacy relationships, and some PK information has been considered an important predictor of efficacy. This paper proposes a Bayesian optimal interval design for dose optimization with a randomization scheme based on PK outcomes in oncology. A simulation study shows that the proposed design has advantages compared to the other designs in the percentage of correct OD selection and the average number of patients allocated to OD in various realistic settings.
The birth of the strong components
Authors: Dovgal Sergey , de Panafieu Élie , Ralaivaosaona Dimbinaina , Rasendrahasina Vonjy , Wagner Stephan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is known that random directed graphs undergo a phase transition around the point . Earlier, Łuczak and Seierstad have established that as when , the asymptotic probability that the strongly connected components of a random directed graph are only cycles and single vertices decreases from 1 to 0 as goes from to . By using techniques from analytic combinatorics, we establish the exact limiting value of this probability as a function of and provide more statistical insights into the structure of a random digraph around, below and above its transition point. We obtain the limiting probability that a random digraph is acyclic and the probability that it has one strongly connected complex component with a given difference between the number of edges and vertices (called excess). Our result can be extended to the case of several complex components with given excesses as well in the whole range of sparse digraphs. Our study is based on a general symbolic method which can deal with a great variety of possible digraph families, and a version of the saddle point method which can be systematically applied to the complex contour integrals appearing from the symbolic method. While the technically easiest model is the model of random multidigraphs, in which multiple edges are allowed, and where edge multiplicities are sampled independently according to a Poisson distribution with a fixed parameter , we also show how to systematically approach the family of simple digraphs, where multiple edges are forbidden, and where 2‐cycles are either allowed or not. Our theoretical predictions are supported by numerical simulations when the number of vertices is finite, and we provide tables of numerical values for the integrals of Airy functions that appear in this study.
Mass Loading‐Independent Lithium Storage of Transitional Metal Compounds Achieved by Multi‐Dimensional Synergistic Nanoarchitecture
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Zhang Rui , Fu Jie , Liu Xianzheng , Yang Huazeng , Wang Deyu , Xu Xin , Cao Jun , Wen Guangwu , Wang Dong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanostructured transitional metal compounds (TMCs) have demonstrated extraordinary promise for high‐efficient and rapid lithium storage. However, good performance is usually limited to electrodes with low mass loading (≤1.0 mg cm−2) and is difficult to realize at higher mass loading due to increased electrons/ions transport limitations in the thicker electrode. Herein, the multi‐dimensional synergistic nanoarchitecture design of graphene‐wrapped MnO@carbon microcapsules (capsule‐like MnO@C‐G) is reported, which demonstrates impressive mass loading‐independent lithium storage properties. Highly porous MnO nanoclusters assembled by 0D nanocrystals facilitate sufficient electrolyte infiltration and shorten the solid‐state ions transport path. 1D carbon shell, 2D graphene, and 3D continuous network with tight interconnection accelerate electrons transport inside the thick electrode. The capsule‐like MnO@C‐G delivers ultrahigh gravimetric capacity retention of 91.0% as the mass loading increases 4.3 times, while the areal capacities increase linearly with the mass loading at various current densities. Specifically, the capsule‐like MnO@C electrode delivers a remarkable areal capacity of 2.0 mAh cm−2 at a mass loading of 3.0 mg cm−2. Moreover, the capsule‐like MnO@C also demonstrates excellent performance in full battery applications. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of multi‐dimensional synergistic nanoarchitecture in achieving mass loading‐independent performance, which can be extended to other TMCs for electrochemical energy storage.
Enhancing tetraphenylethene cyclization as photoswitch
Authors: Wu Yue , Ren Yiran , Zeng Xiaoxuan , Hu Honglong , Li Mengqi , Li Junzi , He Tingchao , Li Xin‐Shun , Yu Zhen‐Qiang , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTetraphenylethene (TPE), a star building block with promising aggregation‐induced emission, has received much interest. Given that its intramolecular Woodward‐Hoffmann cyclic intermediate instantaneously converts back to the original state within several picoseconds, the essentially photochromic characteristic of TPE is little investigated. Achieving a visible photocyclization of TPE is still an unsolved issue and considered as the bottleneck in the further advancement of applications. We report a strategy of attaching carbonate ester onto the TPE skeleton (TPE‐4C) to enhance TPE photocyclization stability. As demonstrated, the incorporated cholesteryloxycarbonyloxy substituents in TPE‐4C can increase the energy barrier for cycloreversion, thereby exhibiting extremely thermal stability of photocyclic intermediate upon UV irradiation, prolonging its lifetime from 63 picoseconds to 46 s by 7.2 × 1011‐fold. The photoinduced cyclization of TPE‐4C could be monitored with naked eyes, and the photocyclization/cycloreversion is achieved by turning on/off UV light along with a relative fatigue resistance. Encapsulation of TPE‐4C into the liquid crystal can induce a striking phase transformation (achiral↔chiral), which can be applicable to encode optical information. Employing carbonate ester into the TPE unit plays a vital role in enhancing the unprecedented TPE photocyclization stability, providing a toolbox to allow TPE‐based photocyclization to be visually monitored.