bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the performance of multiple association with mobility support in 5G ultra‐dense networks: Realistic network simulation
Authors: Bulti Dinkisa A. , Wondie Yihenew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA user equipment (UE) in ultra‐dense networks (UDN) has a high chance of being in close proximity to many cells. multiple association (MA) can be used to serve users with high data rate demands in such a deployment scenario. However, because of the small footprint of the low power node (LPN), mobile users may experience highly frequent cell re‐association issues. This paper focuses on solutions for UEs with high data rate demands as well as mobility management. User‐centric clustering, control, and user‐plane split usages are designed and investigated in coordination with the MA scheme. The clustering involves two stages: a master clustering and user‐centric clustering. This approach goes with mobility management in long term evolution advanced (LTE‐A)/fifth generation (5G) and can easily be integrated with the existing system. By setting some predefined threshold, the scheme attempts to treat UEs separately, based on their speed. In addition, a clustering approach was developed that generates virtual cells with which UEs are associated. The combination of MA with clustering and mobility support improves cooperation between the most appropriate cells to serve a specific UE. To validate the performance gains, synthetic system level and realistic network deployment simulations were used. The results show that the proposed scheme solves the frequent re‐association issues and improves the user throughput performance. In the realistic network evaluation, up to 65.7% decrease in re‐association frequency was obtained for the UEs average speed of 90 Km/h with cluster size . In addition, the percentile UE throughput when showed about 5.5% increase compared with the case when for pedestrian and low speed users.
Joint random mapping and artificial noise insertion for securing GPSM access in correlated eavesdropper channels
Authors: Aladi Ahmed , Alsusa Emad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes combined precoding and artificial noise‐insertion scheme to enhance the secrecy of generalized precoded spatial modulation when the wiretap channel is partially correlated with the legitimate channel. It is shown that randomizing the modulated and spatial symbols prior to artificial noise insertion can significantly enhance secrecy even with a highly correlated eavesdropper channel. The proposed scheme exploits the channel state information (CSI) of the legitimate channel without requiring knowledge of the eavesdropper channel. The security of the proposed system depends on the amount of power allocation and the number of active receive antennas. Simulation results validate the proposed security scheme and show that the hybrid approach proposed outperforms the one that relies on artificial noise transmission.
Fused pyramid attention network for single image super‐resolution
Authors: Chen Shi , Bi Xiuping , Zhang Lefei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn image super‐resolution, deep neural networks with various attention mechanisms have achieved noticeable performance in recent years, for example, channel attention and layer attention. Although many researchers have achieved good super‐resolution results with only a certain style of attention, the divergence and the complementarity focused by multiple attention mechanisms are ignored. In addition, most of these methods fail to utilize the diverse information from multi‐scale features. To efficiently manipulate the above rich information, this paper strives to combine multi‐scale structure and multi‐attention schemes in architecture and module levels for super‐resolution. Especially, in the architecture level, a fused pyramid attention network is developed to extract deep features with the multi‐scale context information from multiple different sizes of receptive field recurrently with skip connections. For the module level, a fused pyramid attention module is designed to fuse the two attention mechanisms to further refine the deep features with fine‐grained information. Compared with the common fusion strategy, the adopted feature fusion structure can maintain better structural information while establishing long‐range dependency. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves favorable performance quantitatively and visually.
Reported Hearing Outcome Measures Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma: A Scoping Review
Authors: Almufarrij Ibrahim , Hannan Cathal John , King Andrew Thomas , Vail Andy , Heal Calvin , Whitfield Gillian , Pathmanaban Omar Nathan , Lloyd Simon K. , Munro Kevin J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Evidence on hearing outcome measures when assessing hearing preservation following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for adults with vestibular schwannoma (VS) has not previously been collated in a structured review.
Objective The objective of the present study was to perform a scoping review of the evidence regarding the choice of hearing outcomes and other methodological characteristics following SRS for adults with VS.
Methods The protocol was registered in the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY) and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension guidelines for scoping reviews. A systematic search of five online databases revealed 1,591 studies, 247 of which met the inclusion criteria.
Results The majority of studies (n = 213, 86%) were retrospective cohort or case series with the remainder (n = 34, 14%) prospective cohort. Pure-tone audiometry and speech intelligibility were included in 222 (90%) and 158 (64%) studies, respectively, often summarized within a classification scheme and lacking procedural details. Fifty-nine (24%) studies included self-report measures. The median duration of follow-up, when reported, was 43 months (interquartile range: 29, 4–150).
Conclusion Evidence on hearing disability after SRS for VS is based on low-quality studies which are inherently susceptible to bias. This review has highlighted an urgent need for a randomized controlled trial assessing hearing outcomes in patients with VS managed with radiosurgery or radiological observation. Similarly, consensus and coproduction of a core outcome set to determine relevant hearing and communication outcome domains is required. This will ensure that patient priorities, including communication abilities in the presence of background noise and reduced participation restrictions, are addressed.
Simpson's Grading Scale for WHO Grade I Meningioma Resection in the Modern Neurosurgical Era: Are We Really Asking the Right Question?
Authors: Dadario Nicholas B. , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Simpson grading scale for the classification of the extent of meningioma resection provided a tremendous movement forward in 1957 suggesting increasing the extent of resection improves recurrence rates. However, equal, if not greater, movements forward have been made in the neurosurgical community over the last half a century owing to improvements in neuroimaging capabilities, microsurgical techniques, and radiotherapeutic strategies. Sughrue et al proposed the idea that these advancements have altered what a “recurrence” and “subtotal resection” truly means in modern neurosurgery compared with Simpson's era, and that a mandated use of the Simpson Scale is likely less clinically relevant today. A subsequent period of debate ensued in the literature which sought to re-examine the clinical value of using the Simpson Scale in modern neurosurgery. While a large body of evidence has recently been provided, these data generally continue to support the clinical importance of gross tumor resection as well as the value of adjuvant radiation therapy and the importance of recently updated World Health Organization classifications. However, there remains a negligible interval benefit in performing overly aggressive surgery and heroic maneuvers to remove the last bit of tumor, dura, and/or bone just for the simple act of achieving a lower Simpson score. Ultimately, meningioma surgery may be better contextualized as a continuous set of weighted risk–benefit decisions throughout the entire operation.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral 1-Arylisoquinolines by Iridium(I)-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes
Authors: Gu Qing , You Shu-Li , Zhou Qiansujia , Yin Si-Yong , Zheng Dong-Song , Zhang Wen-Wen , Zhang Su-Zhen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIr(I)-catalyzed atroposelective hydroarylation of alkynes with 1-arylisoquinolines through C–H functionalization was realized. In the presence of 5 mol% of [Ir(cod)Cl]2 and 10 mol% of QUINOX-P, a wide range of axially chiral alkenylated biaryls were obtained in up to 98% yield and 97% ee. Notably, only one equivalent of the alkyne was required to guarantee a high efficiency of this C–H functionalization process. This reaction exhibits excellent functional-group tolerance under mild conditions.
Correlation of Renal Tissue Oxygenation to Venous, Arterial, and Capillary Blood Gas Oxygen Saturation in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Harer Matthew W. , Gadek Lauren , Rothwell Amy C. , Richard Luke , Starr Michelle C. , Adegboro Claudette O. 
Published: January 2023

Objective The aim of the study is to assess the correlation of renal regional tissue saturation of oxygen (RrSO2) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in preterm neonates to venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) obtained from umbilical venous catheters (UVCs), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) obtained from umbilical artery catheters (UACs), and capillary oxygen saturation (ScO2) from capillary heel blood draws.
Study Design A secondary analysis of a prospective RrSO2 monitoring study in preterm neonates born <32 weeks gestational age. Neonates with any blood gas obtained during RrSO2 monitoring were included. RrSO2 was compared with simultaneous O2 saturation using non-parametric Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results In 35 neonates, 25 UVC, 151 UAC, and 68 heel capillary specimens were obtained. RrSO2 was lower than the median SvO2 (58.8 vs. 78.9, p <0.01), SaO2 (51.0 vs. 93.2, p <0.01), and ScO2 (62.2 vs. 94.25, p <0.01). RrSO2 values correlated to both SaO2 and ScO2 (r = 0.32; p <0.01, r = 0.26; p = 0.03), but not SvO2 (r = 0.07; p = 0.74).
Conclusion In this secondary analysis, RrSO2 was consistently lower than blood gas O2 saturations and correlated with SaO2 and ScO2 but not SvO2. Lack of a correlation to SvO2 could be due to the small UVC sample size limiting statistical power. Future studies should prospectively evaluate if RrSO2 truly primarily reflects venous oxygenation in preterm neonates.
Key Points
Differences When Classifying Small for Gestational Age Preterm Infants According to the Growth Chart Applied
Authors: Estañ-Capell Javier , Alarcón-Torres Beatriz , Miró-Pedro Magdalena , Martínez-Costa Cecilia 
Published: January 2023

Objective Consensus around the ideal chart to classify preterm babies is scant. It is particularly relevant in small for gestational age (SGA) infants due to its clinical and therapeutic implications. The aim of the study was to compare Olsen, Intergrowth-21st, and Fenton growth charts, regarding the classification at birth and incidence of SGA preterm infants.
Study Design Retrospective study of 529 preterm infants ≤ 32 weeks of gestational age. Birth weight Z-score was calculated applying the three growth charts and ponderal index (PI) was also estimated. Incidence of SGA (birth weight < 10th percentile) and clinical outcome were compared according to the chart used.
Results Incidence of SGA was significantly higher (p < 0.001) with Olsen (101 cases, 19.1%) compared with Intergrowth-21st (75 cases, 14.2%) and Fenton (53 cases, 10%). Differences were also found with PI of SGA preterm infants, as those infants classified by Olsen were mostly symmetric (PI > 10th percentile), while Fenton and Intergrowth-21st identified less symmetric SGA infants. Kappa concordance between Intergrowth-21st and Fenton was 0.805, Intergrowth-21st versus Olsen 0.824, and Fenton versus Olsen 0.641. No differences were observed on neonatal morbidities or mortality.
Conclusion Significant differences were detected when classifying very preterm infants at birth according to the growth chart, mainly among symmetric SGA. Concordance between Fenton and Olsen was poor, but Intergrowth-21st showed high concordance with Fenton and Olsen. However, further research is needed to select the ideal chart. Variability in the population selected to create the curves and the accuracy dating the pregnancy are factors that may have explained differences.
Key Points
Gastroschisis Outcomes: Presence of Histologic Chorioamnionitis and the Impact on Time to Full Enteral Feeds and Length of Hospital Stay
Authors: Ejiofor Chukwudi O. , Ford Steven , Duncan Jose R. , Rideout Drew , Kumar Ambuj , Donda Keyur , Flores-Torres Jaime 
Published: January 2023

Objective Despite improvements in our ability for early diagnosis and providing supportive care for infants with gastroschisis, it continues to be associated with long length of stay and morbidity. Intestinal dysfunction secondary to chronic inflammatory insult to exposed bowel is well known; however, little research has been done on the impact of acute inflammation in the perinatal period on intestinal function. This study's aim was to investigate the impact of acute chorioamnionitis on the time to achieve full enteral feeds and length of hospital stay.
Study Design Retrospective chart review of 60 mothers and their infants born with gastroschisis at a Level IV NICU from November 2011 to June 2020 was performed. Infants were divided into two groups based on the presence of histologic chorioamnionitis, and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was delayed full enteral feeds (full enteral feeds after 28 days of life). The secondary outcomes were differences in their time to achieve full enteral feeds and time to hospital discharge, and prolonged length of hospital stay (discharge after 30 days of life). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the dependent and the predictor variables.
Result Of the 60 infants enrolled, 23 (38%) had evidence of histologic chorioamnionitis. The median gestational age was 37 weeks. Fifty-four (90%) infants achieved full enteral feeds, with a median time of 24 days. Median length of hospital stay was 31 days. The presence of histologic chorioamnionitis was not associated with delayed full enteral feeds (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14–4.23; p = 0.80) or prolonged length of hospital stay (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.1–0.23; p = 0.32) in the adjusted analysis.
Conclusion Acute placental inflammation during the perinatal period does not impact the infant's time to achieve full feeds or prolong their hospital stay. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Key Points
Shelter and shade for grazing sheep: implications for animal welfare and production and for landscape health
Authors: Masters David G. , Blache Dominique , Lockwood Amy L. , Maloney Shane K. , Norman Hayley C. , Refshauge Gordon , Hancock Serina N. 
Published: January 2023

Shade and shelter may provide protection from cold and heat stress, a source of feed during prolonged or seasonal drought, specific essential nutrients, increased pasture and crop production and improved landscape health. Cold stress contributes to the average of 8% (single) and 24% (twin) of lambs that die within 3 days of birth in Australia and the estimated 0.7% of the Australian flock that die post-shearing during extreme or unseasonal weather. Shelter has resulted in an average reduction in mortality of 17.5% for twin-born lambs and 7% for single-born lambs according to Australian studies and decreases the susceptibility of ewes to metabolic disease and possibly dystocia. Because many of the published studies are from research areas where cold stress is expected, they are not indicative of industry-wide responses, a research priority is to determine the probability of lamb and ewe deaths from cold stress across different sheep production areas. Although shelter may improve lamb survival, ewes do not always choose to lamb in a sheltered location. For this reason, there is a requirement for research into the voluntary use of shelter in commercial-sized paddocks and the role that nutritive value of shelter plays in attracting and holding ewes to shelter, and to their lambs. Heat stress may also result in lamb deaths and influences feed conversion efficiency, appetite, reproduction, wool growth and disease susceptibility. The consequences of heat stress may go unnoticed over a yearly production cycle, although there is some evidence that shade may increase weaning rates and feed intake of grazing sheep. There are ancillary benefits from shade and shelter. Trees may improve crop production through reducing wind damage and evapotranspiration and provide timber. Shrubs provide feed during the summer–autumn feed gap or drought, are useful for the management of land degradation and provide habitat for native fauna. It is clear that shade and shelter in the correct locations provide a range of benefits to livestock and the landscape; nevertheless, adoption appears low. Research that focuses on defining the benefits on a farm or landscape scale is required to support extension programs.
Sexually transmitted infection testing and prevalence among MSM using event-based dosing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Simmons Kiersten , Fitzpatrick Colin , Richardson Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Event-based dosing (EBD) of HIV PrEP is as effective at preventing HIV transmission in MSM as daily dosing. There are limited data on the differences in STI testing frequency between MSM using EBD-PrEP and daily dosing. A total of 20% of 418 PrEP users were using EBD-PrEP and had a lower number of sexual partners (22 (27%) vs 142 (42%), P = 0.008), tested for STIs less frequently (115 (18%) vs 69 (50%), P < 0.001), but were diagnosed with a similar number of STIs ((35% vs 34%, P = 0.54) compared to daily users. More research is needed to understand the optimal frequency for STI testing in MSM using EBD PrEP.
Characterization of higher-order resonant cantilevers for density determination in different flowing liquids
Authors: Huang Linya , Qiao Zhixia , Luo Guoxi , Lu Dejiang , Zhao Libo , Yang Ping , Wang Jiuhong , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the sensing characteristics of micromachined electromagnetic cantilevers vibrating at different resonance orders and under static or flowing liquid immersions. The cantilever is designed with a wide-plate structure, which contributes to the modal optimization for basic and higher-order torsions. The fluid-structure interaction is used to analyze the parameterized expressions of the density and its changing sensitivity based on the cantilever’s flexural and torsional vibrations. They have successfully clarified the comprehensive factors that influence the density measurement performance. The study shows that the analytical predictions for the density changing sensitivity agree well with the experimental results. The experiments prove that the cantilever under flowing immersion appears significantly degraded in its density measurement accuracy. Higher mode and shorter length enable the cantilever to respond better density sensing behaviors under flowing immersion. These results here can be further generalized to guide the optimal design of cantilever-based resonators in flowing liquid monitoring.
Industrial photogrammetry for the optical mechanical truss of the China Survey Space Telescope
Authors: Shen Xu , Yue Jianping , Liu Shitao , Wang Xinping , Huang Guiping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The China Survey Space Telescope is the main observation stage of the Chinese space station, and is the most advanced and expensive observation equipment ever constructed in the Chinese astronomical community. The telescope is composed of multi-stage mirrors, whose relative positions determine the observation accuracy of the telescope, and an optical mechanical truss (OMT) forms the mechanical structure that supports them. This paper presents a deformation measurement scheme for the OMT, and introduces a process of deformation measurement and a data processing method for this OMT using industrial photogrammetry technology. The repeatability and accuracy of the industrial photogrammetry system were tested under ambient conditions, and the length measurement data were compared and verified with interferometry measurements.
Enhanced etching resolution of self-assembled PS-b-PMMA block copolymer films by ionic liquid additives
Authors: Hao Hongbo , Chen Shuangjun , Ren Jiaxing , Chen Xuanxuan , Nealey Paul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) is one of the most widely studied block copolymers for direct self-assembly because of its excellent compatibility with traditional processes. However, pattern transfer of PS-b-PMMA block copolymers (BCPs) remains a great challenge for its applications due to the insufficient etching resolution. In this study, the effect of ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMHF) additives on the line edge roughness (LER) performances of PS-b-PMMA self-assembled patterns was studied. Trace addition of HMHF kept the photolithography compatibility of PS-b-PMMA block copolymer films, but obviously increased their Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ) and enabled phase separation of disordered low molecular weight BCPs. LER value was effectively decreased by blending HMHF directly with PS-b-PMMA or from a supplying top layer of polyvinylpyrrolidone containing HMHF additives. This study shows an excellent strategy to improve the deficiencies of existing block copolymers.
Laboratory evaluation of climbing helmets: assessment of linear acceleration
Authors: Begonia Mark , Rowson Bethany , Scicli Blake , Goff John Eric 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study utilized a guided free-fall drop tower and standard test headform to measure the peak linear acceleration (PLA) generated by different climbing helmet models that were impacted at various speeds (2–6 m s−1) and locations (top, front, rear, side). Wide-ranging impact performance was observed for the climbing helmet models selected. Helmets that produced lower PLAs were composed of protective materials, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) or expanded polypropylene, which were integrated throughout multiple helmet regions including the front, rear and side. Climbing helmets that produced the highest PLAs consisted of a chinstrap, a suspension system, an acrylontrile butadiene styrene (ABS) outer shell, and an EPS inner layer, which was applied only to the top location. Variation in impact protection was attributed not only to helmet model but also impact location. Although head acceleration measurements were fairly similar between helmet models at the top location, impacts to the front, rear, and side led to larger changes in PLA. A 300 g cutoff for PLA was chosen due to its use as a pass/fail threshold in other helmet safety standards, and because it represents a high risk of severe head injury. All seven helmet models had the lowest acceleration values at the top location with PLAs below 300 g at speeds as high as 6 m s−1. Impact performance varied more substantially at the front, rear, and side locations, with some models generating PLAs above 300 g at speeds as low as 3 m s−1. These differences in impact performance represent opportunities for improved helmet design to better protect climbers across a broader range of impact scenarios in the event of a fall or other collision. An understanding of how current climbing helmets attenuate head acceleration could allow manufacturers to enhance next-generation models with innovative and more robust safety features including smart materials.