bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Chemical Shift Imaging to Differentiate Benign and Malignant Vertebral Lesion: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Naik Suprava , Jain Mantu , Bhoi Sanjeev Kumar , Padhi Somnath , Bag Nerbadyswari Deep , Panigrahi Ashutosh , Mohakud Sudipta 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and chemical shift imaging (CSI) for the differentiation of benign and malignant vertebral lesions.
Methods Patients with vertebral lesions underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with DWI and CSI. Qualitative analysis of the morphological features was done by routine MRI. Quantitative analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from DWI and fat fraction (FF) from CSI was done and compared between benign and malignant vertebral lesions.
Results Seventy-two patients were included. No significant difference was noted in signal intensities of benign and malignant lesions on conventional MRI sequences. Posterior element involvement, paravertebral soft-tissue lesion, and posterior vertebral bulge were common in malignant lesion, whereas epidural/paravertebral collection, absence of posterior vertebral bulge, and multiple compression fractures were common in benign vertebral lesion (p < 0.001). The mean ADC value was 1.25 ± 0.27 mm2/s for benign lesions and 0.9 ± 0.19 mm2/s for malignant vertebral lesions (p ≤ 0.001). The mean value of FF was 12.7 ± 7.49 for the benign group and 4.04 ± 2.6 for the malignant group (p < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that an ADC cutoff of 1.05 × 10−3 mm2/s and an FF cutoff of 6.9 can differentiate benign from malignant vertebral lesions, with the former having 86% sensitivity and 82.8% specificity and the latter having 93% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity.
Conclusion The addition of DWI and CSI to routine MRI protocol in patients with vertebral lesions promises to be very helpful in differentiating benign from malignant vertebral lesions when difficulty in qualitative interpretation of conventional MR images arises.
Bureaucrats, interest groups and policymaking: a comprehensive overview from the turn of the century
Authors: Macedo de Medeiros Albrecht Nayara F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGovernment officers are key players in designing and implementing public policies. Not surprisingly, a growing body of research approaches their connections with other stakeholders, such as ministers, elected officials, and political parties. Fewer studies, however, address the relationship between bureaucrats and interest organisations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent publications regarding interest groups and the public bureaucracy. The paper introduces the findings of an extensive literature review with bibliometric techniques and qualitative content analysis. To map previous studies, I analysed 1978 abstracts with VOSviewer and R. The final collection included 415 papers which were read and coded through NVivo. Based on this review, this paper exposes data on authors, countries, and research methods related to texts published between 2000 and 2022. In addition, it critically examines concepts and empirical evidence regarding the interactions between interest groups and government officers. This study advances the research agenda on interest groups by identifying gaps in previous studies and proposing new perspectives to analyse the political connections of the public bureaucracy. The findings indicate that most publications focus on interest group strategies, revolving doors, and venue choice. Fewer texts assess influence over political appointments and personal networks. Therefore, further research is required to address the causal mechanisms between access to the bureaucracy and interest group influence over public policies. Moreover, the bibliometric analysis revealed that research networks have been located in the United States and Europe and publications tend to focus on the ‘global North’. In this sense, more regional diversity might be beneficial for the development of theoretical and methodological structures able to ‘travel’ to other cases.
A local optical flow eye-tracking method for depression detection
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Xianmin , Zhu Benliang , Ye Xin 
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the problem that depression detection is easily affected by subjective factors such as patient willingness, self-awareness, and doctor’s level, as well as inconvenient detection and high cost, a universal detection method with low cost and convenient deployment is proposed. A local optical flow tracking method is adopted, which is realized by eye region detection and optical flow estimation. Then, three experiments are designed to verify the accuracy of the method and the effectiveness of eye movement tracking. The formula for calculating the depression state is proposed, and the eye movement of one normal participant’s elliptical trajectory of the left and right pupils in the horizontal and vertical directions is 44.4805, 42.7013, 29.3571, and 31.1364 mm, respectively. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, three example points are selected. Among them, the fixation duration at P1 is 1.87 s, the eye movement direction at P2 and P3 is 1.168°, counterclockwise around the X axis, and the number of fixation times is 46. Finally, 18 normal participants and four depression-positive participants are tested by the exploratory eye movement paradigm. The results show that the accuracy rate of identifying depression patients using the NEF metric method can reach ∼81.8%, which can help quantify the detection of depression and provide the possibility for professionals to remotely diagnose individuals with depression.
The significant magnetic attenuation with submicrometer scale magnetic phase separation in tensile-strained LaCoO3 films
Authors: Fan Yangyang , Li Xujing , Yin Zhuo , Geng Aicong , Wang Mengqin , Zhou Houbo , Wang Zheng , Wang Xinchi , Wang Jing , Hu Fengxia , Li Baohe , Wang Jian-Tao , Shen Baogen 
Published: September 2023

It is well known that the epitaxial strain plays a vital role in tuning the magnetic states in transition metal oxide LaCoO3 films. Here, we reported a robust long-range ferromagnetic (FM) ground state in a tensile-strained perovskite LaCoO3 film on a SrTiO3 (STO) substrate, which has a very significant attenuation when the thickness ranges from 10 to 50 nm. It is speculated that such attenuation may be caused by the appearance of the cross-hatched grain boundary, which relaxes the tensile strain around the crosshatch, resulting in the local non-FM phases. Magnetic force microscope observation reveals non-FM patterns correlated with the structural crosshatches in the strain-relaxed film even down to a temperature of 2 K and up to a magnetic field of 7 T, suggesting the phase separation origin of magnetization attenuation. Furthermore, the investigations of the temperature-dependent inverse magnetic susceptibility show a deviation from the Curie–Weiss law above the transition temperature in a 50-nm-thick LaCoO3/STO film but not in the LaCoO3/LaAlO3 film, which is ascribed to the Griffiths phase due to the crosshatch-line grain boundaries. These results demonstrated that the local strain effect due to structural defects is important to affect the ferromagnetism in strain-engineered LaCoO3 films, which may have potential implications for future oxide-based spintronics.
Dual-mode dual-band circular polarization device based on three-layer plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Shen Zhe , Lin Xiaojun , Huang Dingxin 
Published: September 2023

In this work, we proposed a three-layer metasurface with rotated gold split-rings as a polarization device that has two adjacent operating bands in two different modes. The proposed metasurface can be used as a circular polarization selector in transmission mode as well as a circular polarization converter in reflection mode. In transmission mode, it can transmit right- and left-handed circularly polarized light at the corresponding wavelengths of 2130 and 3040 nm with transmission efficiencies of 85.3% and 83.8%, respectively. In reflection mode, it can convert two types of circularly polarized light into those of the orthogonal state with conversion efficiencies of 70.3% and 77.3% in the opposite bands, respectively. The results of the theoretical calculation by transfer matrix method are consistent with these simulation results, and the current distribution results illustrate the coupling mechanism under the proposed chiral structure. In addition, the influence of parameters on circular dichroism was investigated, demonstrating the strong robustness of the structure. The proposed metasurface provides a new degree of freedom for multifunctional photonic integrated devices, which can be used for applications in optical communication and imaging.
Plasma–liquid interactions: an experiment and simulation study on plasma dynamic behaviors near the gas–liquid interfacial layer
Authors: Yang Qi , Qiao Jun-Jie , Cheng He , Xiong Qing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Plasma–liquid interaction processes are essential to various plasma applications such as sewage disposal, biomedicine, and synthesis of nanomaterials. However, the near gas–liquid interfacial behavior of plasma property remains inadequately understood, hindering the controllability of the application process. This study combines experimental diagnostics and simulations to investigate the production and transport of plasma-generated reactive species near (∼35 μm) the gas–liquid interfacial layer. The experimental results are used to benchmark densities obtained from a zero-dimensional plasma chemical kinetics simulation, which reveals the time evolutions of plasma-generated active species. A large number of neutral particles (like OH, H2O2) and water cluster ions (like H9O4
+) were produced as a result of the evaporation effect of the cathode solution surface. The estimation of energy flux from the gaseous plasma to liquid surface showed that the hydration process of positive ions plays the key role in the resulted water evaporation at the gas–liquid interfacial layer.
Dispersion formula of a free electron laser with two relativistic electron beams and water-bag distribution function
Authors: Razaghzadeh M , Mahdizadeh N , Haghpeima A , Haghighi B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Theoretical work on a free electron laser (FEL) with two relativistic electron beams is presented. Using the kinetic approach, the dispersion formula (DF) of a helical magnetic wiggler pumped FEL is derived. Stability properties are studied by linearizing the governing equations and DF is obtained and solved numerically. For generality, the momentum spread of electron beams with a water-bag distribution function is considered. Bandwidths of two-beam FEL resonances have been shown and effects of momentum spread have been noticed. It is found that momentum spread causes the pick growth rates to decrease.
VUV lasing in diffuse discharges formed by runaway electrons
Authors: Panchenko Alexei N , Tarasenko Victor F , Kozevnikov Vladislav V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The parameters of stimulated emission in diffuse discharges formed in a sharply inhomogeneous electric field by runaway electrons in mixtures of rare gases with the addition of H2 and F2 at pressures up to 10 atm are studied. Efficient VUV lasing was obtained at wavelengths from 148 to 193 nm on the transitions of H2, F2 and exciplex ArF* molecules. It was shown that the addition of He buffer gas increases the pulse duration, while Ne addition improves the output energy of the VUV laser on the H2 Lyman band. A laser pulse duration over 10 ns and an output of 0.12 mJ were obtained. The diffuse discharge in mixtures of He with F2 was found to form as a result of successive ionization waves. It was shown that the laser pulse at 157 nm has three peaks, which correspond to the maxima of the diffuse discharge current. Therewith, the first or second peak of the laser radiation has the maximum intensity, depending on the amplitude of the conduction current in the primary ionization wave. A maximal F2* laser electrical efficiency of η
0 = 0.18% and an output of Q
157 = 3.8 mJ were obtained in a He–F2 gas mixture at pressure of 10 atm, which exceeds the efficiency of lasers of this type pumped by transverse volume discharges with UV preionization. Long-pulse operation of the ArF* laser was achieved in a He–Ne–Ar–F2 gas mixture. Lasing at 193 nm continued during two periods of the diffuse discharge current. The total duration of the laser pulse was as long as 40 ns, and the radiation energy at 193 nm was as high as 2 mJ from an active volume of 20 cm3.
Entropy and fractal analysis of brain-related neurophysiological signals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Averna Alberto , Coelli Stefania , Ferrara Rosanna , Cerutti Sergio , Priori Alberto , Bianchi Anna Maria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Brain-related neuronal recordings, such as local field potential, electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram, offer the opportunity to study the complexity of the human brain at different spatial and temporal scales. The complex properties of neuronal signals are intrinsically related to the concept of ‘scale-free’ behavior and irregular dynamic, which cannot be fully described through standard linear methods, but can be measured by nonlinear indexes. A remarkable application of these analysis methods on electrophysiological recordings is the deep comprehension of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, that has been shown to be associated to changes in brain activity complexity. In particular, a decrease of global complexity has been associated to Alzheimer’s disease, while a local increase of brain signals complexity characterizes Parkinson’s disease. Despite the recent proliferation of studies using fractal and entropy-based analysis, the application of these techniques is still far from clinical practice, due to the lack of an agreement about their correct estimation and a conclusive and shared interpretation. Along with the aim of helping towards the realization of a multidisciplinary audience to approach nonlinear methods based on the concepts of fractality and irregularity, this survey describes the implementation and proper employment of the mostly known and applied indexes in the context of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
Geometrical optics of large deviations of Brownian motion in inhomogeneous media
Authors: Bar Tal , Meerson Baruch 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Geometrical optics provides an instructive insight into Brownian motion, ‘pushed’ into a large-deviations regime by imposed constraints. Here we extend geometrical optics of Brownian motion by accounting for diffusion inhomogeneity in space. We consider three simple model problems of Brownian motion on the line or in the plane in situations where the diffusivity of the Brownian particle depends on one spatial coordinate. One of our results describes ‘Brownian refraction’: an analog of refraction of light passing through a boundary between two media with different refraction indices.
Comparative Analysis of Friction and Wear Properties of Titanium Alloy Drill Pipe and Steel Drill Pipe
Authors: Wu Jiang , Li Yanjun , Liu Hexing , Shi Taihe , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Zhongshi , Yu Xiaoling , Guo Shujun , Jiang Yingbin , Yang Fugui , Sun Mingjun , Cong Peitao , Yu Hairui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
During the drilling process of complex structural wells such as horizontal wells, the wear, and tear of the drill pipe can lead to its weakened strength, which is one of the important reasons for the damage accidents of the drill pipe. Titanium alloy drill pipes are widely used in major oil fields as a new type of lightweight drill pipe with high fatigue life. To compare the wear performance of titanium alloy drill pipe with wear-resistant zones and traditional S135 steel drill pipe, this article tested and analyzed the chemical composition, hardness, and metallographic structure of these two drill rod materials and established models for these two materials. In the experiment, the wear morphology and wear rate before and after the experiment were analyzed and compared. Finally, based on the experimental results, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the wear mechanism of the drill pipe, and anti-wear measures were proposed. The results show that the hardness of the two materials decreases from the wear-resistant belt to the inner wall, and the microhardness of the S135 drill pipe is about half of that of titanium alloy drill pipe with wear-resistant belt drill pipe; the wear test shows that the wear loss of the S135 drill pipe is 0.1667 g, the wear rate is 0.042 g/h; through measurement, it was found that the wear loss of titanium alloy drill pipe reached 0.0055 g, and the wear rate is 0.0063 g/h. The wear rate of S135 steel drill pipe under the same conditions is 6.7 times that of titanium alloy drill pipe. Through analysis, it is shown that under the same conditions, titanium alloy wear-resistant belts have excellent wear resistance, which can effectively protect the inner matrix and prevent excessive wear of drill pipes. The research results of this article can provide theoretical references for the on-site use of titanium alloy drill pipe and experimental research on drilling tool wear resistance.
Study on effect of heat-assisted rolling on surface morphology and mechanical properties of titanium alloy
Authors: Ye Renhu , Wang Rui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper mainly investigated the heating influence on surface rolling strengthening of titanium alloy based on the metal thermal softening effect. Surface morphology and mechanical properties of the samples before and after heat-assisted rolling were measured and analyzed. It was found that the surface smoothness and microhardness of the samples rolled at 80°C, 120°C, and 160°C gradually increased as the heating temperature increased. However, the sample rolled at 25°C still had the optimal surface morphology (Ra0.255), the highest surface microhardness (425 HV) and surface residual stress (-497 MPa) because of the characteristics of metal cold work hardening. But the thickness of the hardened layer is much smaller than that of the one rolled at 160°C. In addition, the finite element simulation of the rolling process was carried out, and the dynamic simulation results verified the experimental conclusions. The highest total energy on the surface of the sample rolled at room temperature also indicated its better surface properties.
Preparation of Freezing and Snowing Phase Change Materials for Roads and Their Thermal Performance Study
Authors: Shangguan Haonan , Chen Renshan , Dong Fuying , Wan Yingying , Hou Changlin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the phase change materials suitable for anti-icing and snow melting were investigated and optimized and the silica-based phase change materials were prepared by the sol-gel process with n-dodecane as the core material. The effects of core-shell ratio, temperature, and stirring speed on material synthesis were analyzed by DSC, SEM, and FT-IR tests. Finally, the optimal preparation temperature, stirring speed, and core-shell ratio were obtained, the exothermic peak was -14.88 °C, and the enthalpy value was 75.78 J/g. Its lower phase change temperature makes such phase change materials prepared by the sol-gel method more suitable for low-temperature areas of asphalt pavement anti-low temperature, anti-ice, and snow melting.
The Effect of Powder Composition on the Microstructure and Properties of Bronze Oil-bearings
Authors: Zou Liming , Yu Lizhi , Su Zaijun , Li Liejun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The effects of different powder compositions on the microstructure and properties of the sintered oil bearings were investigated. Three different types of powder were used for the comparative tests. The research conclusions show that three different types of raw material powders have different pore structures. In the case of mixed powders, the sintered samples have a self-lubricating function that can both store oil and supply oil to the friction surface through capillary pores. When the raw material is a mixed powder in which Cu powder is less than 75 μm, it has the best self-lubricating function and oil retention.
Tuning the Degree of Protonation to Prepare Ultra-light and High Thermal Insulation Mullite Nanofiber Aerogels
Authors: Gao Chao , Liu Yi-Tao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ceramic fiber aerogels play an important role in thermal insulation due to their high specific surface area and porosity. They have great potential in aircraft, the military industry, and metal smelting. Although traditional ceramic fiber has the advantages of high-temperature resistance, its brittleness, tensile resistance, and high production cost, greatly limit the application of ceramic aerogels. Using the sol-gel method and electrostatic spinning technique, we controlled the fibers’ random winding and mechanical properties by controlling the protonation of the spinning fluid. We prepared ultralightweight, flexible, and highly insulated mullite nanofiber aerogels with a volume density as low as 7 mg / cm3, thermal conductivity as low as 27 mW m−1 K−1, excellent thermal stability at 1,300 °C, high thermal insulation and retention of up to 50% of the ceramic fiber after initial compression. This material’s fabrication process and excellent insulation properties propose new opinions on the lightweight and durable insulation materials needed for aerospace and military insulation.
Design of High I
on/I
off Fin-Statistic Induction Transistor Based on Gallium Nitride
Authors: Zheng Ziyang , He Wei , Yang Jiaying , Huang Hao , Peng Fangxi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of poor current control and high gate leakage current of traditional static induction transistors, we designed a new structure of GaN-based static induction transistor (SIT) using TCAD software. The SIT uses a new type of fin channel and a high-work function gate metal. In addition, this work simulates the electrical properties of different structure SIT and explores the influence of the channel shape on the channel barrier voltage. According to the simulation results, the GaN SIT has the following properties: high breakdown voltage (BV=830V), strong current control capability (switch current ratio I
on/I
off=1×1014), high turn-on current density, and low device conduction loss.
Research on low-velocity impact characteristics of Z-pin reinforced quartz/phenolic laminates
Authors: Li Wenying , Li Yong , Jin Yue 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The problem of in-plane damage caused by dynamic impact loading of composite laminates can be enhanced by implanting Z-pins. The effect of Z-pin implantation on the impact resistance of composite laminates is investigated experimentally, and the damage process is analyzed by establishing a low-velocity impact finite element model of Z-pin reinforced laminates. The test results show that the maximum impact contact force of Z-pin reinforced laminates can be increased by 8.23%, and the maximum contact force and absorbed energy of Z-pin reinforced samples both increase gradually with the increase of impact energy. The simulation results show that with the increase of impact energy, the expansion of impact damage is hindered by the Z-pin, and it reduces in-plane matrix damage. The expansion path of the interlaminar crack changes when it reaches the Z-pin enhancement area, and the shape of the interlaminar damage changes from circular to elliptical.