bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A process study of high-quality Zn(O,S) thin-film fabrication for thin-film solar cells
Authors: Sun Qi , Li Boyan , Huang Xingye , Han Zhihua , Zhong Dalong , Zhao Ying 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Zn(O,S) thin film is considered a most promising candidate for a cadmium-free buffer layer of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cell due to its advantages of optical responses in the short-wavelength region and adjustable bandgap. In this paper, the thin-film growth mechanism and process optimization of Zn(O,S) films fabricated using the chemical bath deposition method are systematically investigated. The thickness and quality of Zn(O,S) films were found to be strongly affected by the concentration variation of the precursor chemicals. It was also revealed that different surface morphologies of Zn(O,S) films would appear if the reaction time were changed and, subsequently, the optimum reaction time was defined. The film-growth curve suggested that the growth rate varied linearly with the deposition temperature and some defects appeared when the temperature was too high. In addition, to further improve the film quality, an effective post-treatment approach was proposed and the experimental results showed that the microstructure of the Zn(O,S) thin film was improved by an ammonia etching process followed by an annealing process. For comparison purposes, both Zn(O,S)-based and CdS-based devices were fabricated and characterized. The device with a Zn(O,S)-CIGS solar cell after post-treatment showed near conversion efficiency comparable to that of the device with the CdS-CIGS cell.
Application of non-isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters for renewable and sustainable energy systems: a review
Authors: Sutikno Tole , Aprilianto Rizky Ajie , Purnama Hendril Satrian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The primary challenge in renewable-energy utilization is an energy-storage system involving its power converter. The systems have to promise high efficiency, reliability and durability. Also, all of these can be realized at an economical cost. Buck and boost converters connected in parallel can convert power in both directions. It is the basic non-isolated bidirectional topology commonly used with energy-storage systems. The primary issue with the buck–boost non-isolated bidirectional converter is how to enhance its performance, so the modification involving this topology is still conducted. This paper examines 29 proposed converters from 30 research publications published in the last 10 years, the most recent of which focuses on modified non-isolated bidirectional converters based on the buck–boost topology. These are classified into eight modification schemes, which involve adding new components or circuits to the base topology. Each is evaluated against six parameters: the number of components, control complexity, power-rating applications, soft-switching ability, efficiency outcome and capacity to minimize losses. Moreover, each modified non-isolated bidirectional converter was compared from the renewable-energy-based power-generation-source perspective utilized. Based on these studies, researchers might think of ways to improve the buck–boost converter by changing it to make a new non-isolated bidirectional converter that can be used in systems that need it.
Do agri-environment measures help improve environmental and economic efficiency? Evidence from Bavarian dairy farmers
Authors: Ait Sidhoum Amer , Mennig Philipp , Sauer Johannes 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study presents an innovative empirical application to the assessment of agri-environment measures on environmental and economic efficiency. Using a multi-equation representation with desirable technology and its accompanying undesirable by-production technology, we investigate the effects of agri-environment measures on farm-level environmental and economic efficiency. A combination of propensity score matching and a difference-in-difference approach is used to estimate the policy effect. The application focuses on a balanced sample of Bavarian dairy farms surveyed between 2013 and 2018. Results suggest that agri-environment schemes do not alter farms’ economic efficiency, whereas environmental efficiency does not seem to be stimulated by schemes participation.
Supratherapeutic utilization of paracetamol versus ibuprofen among &lt;12-year-old children in primary care in Istanbul
Authors: Bayram Dilara , Vizdiklar Caner , Aydin Volkan , Akici Narin , Atac Omer , Akici Ahmet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the most preferred analgesics for pain and fever management in children. Prescribing of these drugs in supratherapeutic doses may predispose to their toxicity. We aimed to compare prescribing patterns and potential overdosing of paracetamol and ibuprofen in primary care for &lt;12-year-old children.

Methods
We analysed paracetamol- and ibuprofen-containing prescriptions (PCPs, n = 173,575 and ICPs, n = 145,655) of 1- to 11-year-old children, issued by 3:1 systematically sampled primary care physicians (n = 1,431) in Istanbul during 2016. We compared drug use parameters and prescriptions surpassing daily and single-use dose limits for paracetamol and ibuprofen.

Results
We identified that 29.9% of PCPs and 20.8% of ICPs were generated for those aged 1–2 years. Concomitant analgesic use was higher in ICPs than in PCPs (15.1% vs. 12.8%). We found that 4.4% of PCPs and 3.1% of ICPs exceeded maximum daily dose limit of paracetamol and ibuprofen, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). This was more common in girls (5.1% and 3.3%, respectively) and at 1 year of age in both groups (9.2% and 8.5%, respectively). Single-use supratherapeutic dosing was encountered in 16.5% of PCPs and 13.2% of ICPs (P &lt; 0.001, pessimistic model) and in 8.6% of PCPs and 10.6% of ICPs (P &lt; 0.001, optimistic model).

Conclusions
Paracetamol and ibuprofen were generally used in primary care for similar clinical conditions with subtle differences. However, more pronounced in younger children and girls, potential overdosing seems to be more practiced for paracetamol than ibuprofen both in terms of maximal daily and single-use setting.
Insights into the transcriptional regulation of poorly characterized alcohol acetyltransferase-encoding genes (HgAATs) shed light into the production of acetate esters in the wine yeast Hanseniaspora guilliermondii
Authors: Seixas Isabel , Santos Diogo , Vasconcelos Isabel , Mira Nuno P , Mendes-Ferreira Ana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hanseniaspora guilliermondii is a well-recognized producer of acetate esters associated with fruity and floral aromas. The molecular mechanisms underneath this production or the environmental factors modulating it remain unknown. Herein, we found that, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, H. guilliermondii over-produces acetate esters and higher alcohols at low carbon-to-assimilable nitrogen (C:N) ratios, with the highest titers being obtained in the amino acid-enriched medium YPD. The evidences gathered support a model in which the strict preference of H. guilliermondii for amino acids as nitrogen sources results in a channeling of keto-acids obtained after transamination to higher alcohols and acetate esters. This higher production was accompanied by higher expression of the four HgAATs, genes, recently proposed to encode alcohol acetyl transferases. In silico analyses of these HgAat’s reveal that they harbor conserved AATs motifs, albeit radical substitutions were identified that might result in different kinetic properties. Close homologues of HgAat2, HgAat3, and HgAat4 were only found in members of Hanseniaspora genus and phylogenetic reconstruction shows that these constitute a distinct family of Aat’s. These results advance the exploration of H. guilliermondii as a bio-flavoring agent providing important insights to guide future strategies for strain engineering and media manipulation that can enhance production of aromatic volatiles.
Human Pineal Gland Involutionary Process: New Findings
Authors: Junemann Olga , Bukreeva Inna , Otlyga Dmitry A , Cedola Alessia , Fratini Michela , Saveliev Sergei V 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, we report preliminary results about the involution of the human pineal gland involution. The detailed analysis of pineal structure was done on autopsy material of 77 persons in age 27–96 using x-ray phase-contrast tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Our study suggests that the pineal gland alteration in older adults may be more profound than has been reported to date. We identified and described a new form of pineal gland involution that eventually led to the total degradation of the pineal gland. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the complete replacement of pineal gland parenchyma with connective tissue in older adults.
Morphology identification of gas hydrate based on a machine learning method and its applications on saturation estimation
Authors: Zhu Xiangyu , Liu Tao , Ma Shuai , Liu Xuewei , Li Anyu 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYProper identification of hydrate morphology is an essential pre-condition for the quantification and exploitation of gas hydrate resources. However, the morphology results from core-based analysis and resistivity-based imaging could be discontinuous in hydrate-bearing intervals. Rock physical model-based methods could predict morphology within complete hydrate-bearing intervals, but the accuracy is not much satisfactory in some cases. In this study, we propose a machine learning (ML) method using the wavelet twin support vector machine (WTWSVM) to accurately differentiate the pore-filling and grain-displacing hydrate. By employing different combinations of well logs as the inputs of the WTWSVM, we find the optimal one for the data set in Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon is the combination of gamma-ray, resistivity, compressional and shear wave velocity logs, with an accuracy of 88.6 per cent and F1-score of 82.89 per cent. Compared with the two traditional rock-physics-based methods and three typical ML algorithms, the WTWSVM with those optimal inputs performs better in terms of accuracy and F1-score. We then use the WTWSVM to predict the hydrate morphology in the hydrate-bearing intervals at an unlabelled (i.e. unidentified hydrate morphology) site 1250F and a partially labelled (i.e. only a portion of the hydrate and its morphology is identified by IR images) site 1247B at Hydrate Ridge. Finally, the hydrate-morphology-related rock physics models are employed to construct 3-D crossplots of density, compressional and shear wave velocity, on which hydrate concentration, as well as other reservoir parameters, are estimated through projecting. The proposed WTWSVM method and workflow are proved to be valid based on the good agreement between the reservoir parameters from core measurement and elastic properties.
Coseismic deformation of the 1976Ms 7.3 Chaldiran earthquake in eastern Turkey measured by satellite imagery, in comparison with field measurements
Authors: Lu Lejun , Zhou Yu 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYLarge continental earthquakes are infrequent, but they are important for understanding active tectonics. Many pre-1990, magnitude greater than 7 earthquakes have not been well documented due to a lack of data. The declassification of KeyHole (KH) imagery provides opportunities for investigating those historical events. In this study, we present new geodetic observations of surface deformation from the 1976 November 24 Ms 7.3 Chaldiran earthquake in eastern Turkey. We use various historical KH imagery and modern Pleiades stereo imagery to determine the coseismic deformation, providing new constraints on the 1976 rupture. Based on the image measurements, we resolve the coseismic slip at depth. The inverted slip from a simple elastic dislocation model, ∼4.0 m at shallow depth of the Hidirmentes segment, is larger than the surface displacement, around 3 m from previous field surveys, suggesting that the coseismic deformation is a combination of slip on the primary fault with 30 ± 16 per cent off-fault deformation. We also measure cumulative offsets at two sites with well-preserved features, and find a constant ratio of horizontal to vertical offsets throughout the past few earthquake cycles. Both the observed constant slip ratio in this study and offset clusters from previous field measurements support that the Chaldiran fault exhibits a characteristic slip behaviour in the late Quaternary. By combining all the geodetic and geological observations in the broader region, we also present a brief analysis of the slip rate of the Chaldiran fault.
Semi-analytical solution for the elastic wave propagation due to a dislocation source in a transversely isotropic half-space
Authors: Raoofian-Naeeni Mehdi , Pan Ernian , Eskandari-Ghadi Morteza , Han Shin-Chan 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYIn this paper, the 3-D theoretical seismogram at the free surface of an elastic half-space with ‘vertical transverse isotropy (VTI)’ and an ‘elliptic anisotropy‘ is synthesized via semi-analytical formulation. To this end, the time-domain solution is obtained via the Hankel and Laplace integral transforms and the Cagniard contour integration scheme. The formulations include complete Green's functions expressed in compact and elegant formulations in terms of some elementary line integrals over the finite interval (0, π/2), due to the general point force and point double-couple source of arbitrary orientation, varying with time as Heaviside step function. This solution is further implemented to model seismic waves generated from moment tensor source with a ramp-type slip function. The solution clearly delineates compressional P waves, shear SV waves and SH waves, diffracted SPwaves and surface Rayleigh waves, with two critical distances in which the mode conversion happens. The first marks the conversion of the total reflection of SV wave into the diffracted SPwave travelling on the free surface with the velocity of compressional wave. The second, however, marks a location where the order of arrival times of SP and SH waves is reversed. The interesting phenomenon of shear wave splitting by the apparent time lag between the arrivals of SV and SHwaves is further demonstrated. Studied also is the effect of non-double-couple (non-DC) components of the moment tensor of the shear fault. Particularly, it is shown that non-DC components may lead to large amplitude of the P wave in the presence of anisotropy, resulting in the changed polarity of P wave at the onset of the motion. It is found that for the elliptic anisotropy, and for oblique-thrust faults, the isotropic moment (ISO) is always negative if the elastic constants satisfy C11 &gt; C33 and C44 &gt; C66, whereas it is always positive if C11 &lt; C33 and C44 &lt; C66 (for oblique-reverse faults, the situation is reversed). It is shown that for some sedimentary rocks, the decomposition of moment tensor in the general VTI and in its elliptic approximation are close to each other, and that the moment tensor decomposition in VTI media is very sensitive to the elastic coefficients, such that a small change in the elastic constants may lead to a remarkable change in the moment tensor decomposition. Particularly, the effect of elastic constant C13 is shown to be significant. While the time-domain solution obtained in this paper can be also degenerated to the solution in the corresponding isotropic half-space, the Mathematica code of the solution provided can be served as benchmark to other numerical solutions, applicable for the computation of the theoretical seismogram in the involved media.
Genoese Rome and Genoa–Rome relations in the late seventeenth century (1644–1700)
Authors: Ceccarelli Alessia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The late seventeenth century in Genoa presents aspects of great fascination, some of which are largely unexplored, as in the case of relations with Rome (city, court and Curia). These were decades in which Genoa tried to find an alternative route to the Spanish Mediterranean, to relaunch its navy towards the Levant and the Far East (as an ideal goal). Its diplomats for this purpose went to Constantinople, London and Holland, although their most important forum remained Rome, the court of the courts, where, from the death of Urban VIII Barberini (1644) onwards, they managed tough negotiations, assisted by the most eminent prelates of their nation. The crisis of the protectorate (for the entire second half of the seventeenth century, Genoa did not have a cardinal protector) and that of St. John the Baptist, a national church, hospital and confraternity, is also inscribed in this framework of relations. Furthermore, from the pontificate of Innocent X Pamphilj (1644–55) onwards, the postmaster generals of Genoa had the task of renewing and managing communications between the Holy See and the nunciature in Madrid, the apostolic see to which the papacy entrusted the task of mediating between Spain and France, in view of the agreements of Westphalia (1648) and the Pyrenees (1659).
The constitutional quandary of social rights: Questions in times of the Polish illiberal turn
Authors: Krajewski Michał 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Scholars have intensely debated the justiciability of constitutional social rights, an essential aspect of transformative constitutionalism in Central and Eastern Europe. This article examines the reasons for displacing social rights in the Polish constitutional discourse and the obstacles in the way of these rights’ gaining normative substance. Polish society came out of socialist authoritarian rule with a strong attachment to social welfare but quickly embraced the neo-liberal economy. However, this attachment was recently recalled by the electoral successes of the social welfare platform of illiberal forces, which prompts questions about the place of social welfare in the constitutional settlement. The article relies on an inquiry into the constitution-making process and the practice of constitutional review during the global financial crisis. It argues that the displacement of social rights has been contingent upon the specific political and intellectual climate of stimulating a free-market economy and crisis-driven austerity, despite minority voices for alternative solutions. It was also due to structural weaknesses of constitutional review, operating in a challenging institutional and political context. This case study raises broader questions about whether and how constitutionalism can gain popular support in times of populist challenges by addressing persisting societal problems.
Imaging Tumor-Targeting Bacteria Using 18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Ordonez Alvaro A , Saupe Falk , Kasper Christoph A , Turner Mitchell L , Parveen Sadiya , Flavahan Kelly , Shin Hyunsoo , Artemov Dmitri , Ittig Simon J , Jain Sanjay K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Microbial-based cancer treatments are an emerging field, with multiple bacterial species evaluated in animal models and some advancing to clinical trials. Noninvasive bacteria-specific imaging approaches can potentially support the development and clinical translation of bacteria-based cancer treatments by assessing the tumor and off-target bacterial colonization.

Methods
18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol (18F-FDS) positron emission tomography (PET), a bacteria-specific imaging approach, was used to visualize an attenuated strain of Yersinia enterocolitica, currently in clinical trials as a microbial-based cancer treatment, in murine models of breast cancer.

Results
Y. enterocolitica demonstrated excellent 18F-FDS uptake in in vitro assays. Whole-body 18F-FDS PET demonstrated a significantly higher PET signal in tumors with Y. enterocolitica colonization compared to those not colonized, in murine models utilizing direct intratumor or intravenous administration of bacteria, which were confirmed using ex vivo gamma counting. Conversely, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET signal was not different in Y. enterocolitica colonized versus uncolonized tumors.

Conclusions
Given that PET is widely used for the management of cancer patients, 18F-FDS PET could be utilized as a complementary approach supporting the development and clinical translation of Y. enterocolitica-based tumor-targeting bacterial therapeutics.
Outbreak by KPC-62-producing ST307 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam and cefiderocol in a university hospital in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Castillo-Polo Juan Antonio , Hernández-García Marta , Morosini María Isabel , Pérez-Viso Blanca , Soriano Cruz , De Pablo Raúl , Cantón Rafael , Ruiz-Garbajosa Patricia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Ceftazidime/avibactam and cefiderocol are two of the latest antibiotics with activity against a wide variety of Gram-negatives, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. We sought to describe the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ceftazidime/avibactam- and cefiderocol-resistant KPC-Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) detected during an outbreak in 2020 in the medical ICU of our hospital.

Methods
We collected 11 KPC-Kp isolates (6 clinical; 5 surveillance samples) resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam and cefiderocol from four ICU patients (November 2020 to January 2021), without prior exposure to these agents. All patients had a decontamination regimen as part of the standard ICU infection prevention protocol. Additionally, one ceftazidime/avibactam- and cefiderocol-resistant KPC-Kp (June 2019) was retrospectively recovered. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution. β-Lactamases were characterized and confirmed. WGS was also performed.

Results
All KPC-Kp isolates (ceftazidime/avibactam MIC  ≥16/4 mg/L; cefiderocol MIC ≥4 mg/L) were KPC + CTX-M-15 producers and belonged to the ST307 high-risk-clone (ST307-HRC). KPC-62 (L168Q) was detected in all isolates involved in the 2020 outbreak, contained in January 2021. KPC-31 (D179Y) was identified in the KPC-Kp from 2019. Cloning experiments demonstrated that both blaKPC-62 and blaKPC-31 were responsible for ceftazidime/avibactam resistance (MIC &gt;16 mg/L) and an increased cefiderocol MIC. Additionally, mutations in OmpA and EnvZ/OmpR porin proteins (in KPC-62-Kp) and in PBP2 (in KPC-31-Kp) were found and may be involved in cefiderocol resistance.

Conclusions
The emergence of resistance to both ceftazidime/avibactam and cefiderocol in KPC-Kp-HRCs, together with the diversification of novel KPC enzymes displaying different antibiotic resistance phenotypes, is an epidemiological and clinical risk.
The XylR/NtrC-type regulator CbsR positively regulates upstream pathway of chlorobenzene degradation inPandoraea pnomenusa
Authors: Xiang Yang , Xiong Jia-Xi , Xie Ze-Feng , Huang Duo , Song Qi , Wu Jing , Yan Dazhong , Chao Hong-Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsPandoraea pnomenusa MCB032 completely degrades chlorobenzene, whose metabolic pathway is encoded by cbs and clc gene clusters. The putative regulatory factors ClcR and CbsR are predicted to regulate the cbs and clc gene clusters. This research aims to understand the function of ClcR and CbsR.Methods and resultsRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that the cbsFAaAbAcAdB operon that encodes catabolic pathways for the degradation of chlorobenzene to chlorocatechol is located on an operon. Moreover, the clcABCDE operon is involved in the 3-chlorocatechol pathway. Gene knockout and transcriptional analysis showed that the transcription of the cbsFAaAbAcAdB operon is positively regulated by CbsR, whereas the clcABCDE operon is activated by ClcR. Primer extension analysis was used to locate the transcription start sites of the cbsFAaAbAcAdB and cbsR operons. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analyses showed that CbsR is bound to the sites in the promoter regions of cbsFAaAbAcAdB and cbsR operons.ConclusionThe XylR/NtrC-type regulator CbsR positively regulates the transcription of the cbsFAaAbAcAdB operon encoding the upstream pathway of chlorobenzene catabolism, while the LysR-type regulator ClcR activates the clcABCDE operon encoding the downstream pathway.