bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using postural data and recurrent learning to monitor shoplifting activities in megastores
Authors: Ansari Mohd Aquib , Singh Dushyant Kumar , Jayaswal Ruchi 
Published: August 2023

SummaryRecently, researchers have placed a great deal of emphasis on modeling activity patterns to better understand human behavior. Several approaches have been researched so far to develop automatic human activity recognition systems that infer detailed semantics from visual images, aiming to understand real human behavior patterns. However, there is still a need for a cost effective solution to distinguish human actions in the real‐world environment. With this encouragement, a novel approach is proposed to recognize shoplifting acts by examining the posture evidence of the human being. This approach begins by obtaining the two‐dimensional pose reflecting human's body joints as a skeleton from the recorded frames. Subsequently, a preprocessing step is used to preprocess skeleton data, which can handle the occlusion too. Postural feature generation is then used to extract pertinent features from such preprocessed skeletons. Finally, feature deduction is performed to downsize the derived features to a smaller dimension, and activity classification is performed on such reduced features to identify shoplifting behaviors in real time. A synthetic shoplifting dataset and real store recorded videos are used to conduct the experiments, the findings of which appear more promising than those obtained using other cutting‐edge methods, with an accuracy of 97.36% and 91.66% for synthesized and real store recorded inputs.
Production of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid Methyl Esters from Pectin‐Based Aldaric Acid: from Laboratory to Bench Scale
Authors: van Strien Nicolaas , Niskanen Jukka , Berghuis Anneloes , Pöhler Holger , Rautiainen Sari 
Published: August 2023

Abstract2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is one of the most attractive emerging renewable monomers, which has gained interest especially in polyester applications, such as the production of polyethylene furanoate (PEF). Recently, the attention has shifted towards FDCA esters due to their better solubility as well as the easier purification and polymerisation compared to FDCA. In our previous work, we reported the synthesis of FDCA butyl esters by dehydration of aldaric acids as stable intermediates. Here, we present the synthesis of FDCA methyl esters in high yields from pectin‐based galactaric acid using a solid acid catalyst. The process enables high substrate concentrations (up to 20 wt %) giving up to 50 mol % FDCA methyl esters with total furancarboxylates yields of up to 90 mol %. The synthesis was successfully scaled up from gram‐scale to kilogram‐scale in batch reactors showing the feasibility of the process. The stability of the catalyst was tested in re‐use experiments. Purification of the crude product by vacuum distillation and precipitation gave furan‐2,5‐dimethylcarboxylate with a 98 % purity.
Augmentation of spectral efficiency in optical wireless communication networks using grid‐based elephant swarm optimization protocol
Authors: Bujjingappan Rajammal Sathishkumar 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe emergence of 5G and 6G technologies has resulted in a faster, more automated, and more intelligent data flow in the digital world. A wide spectrum of optical wireless communication is made available to support 5G and 6G technologies, and it can meet the demands of high‐speed optical wireless communication. Trade‐offs involving latency, power consumption, deployment costs, and hardware/computational overhead have always been a part of 5G/6G technologies. The decline in the trade‐offs indicated above has major implications for networking capacity. The proposed work modulated a new grid‐based communication protocol (GCP) with elephant swarm optimization (ESO) to surpass those issues with optical wireless communication devices. This protocol employs an integrated strategy to split the network and choose the cluster head effectively. Different GCP‐ESO‐related algorithms have been explored. Various components of the OSNs, including network energy usage, cluster, and non‐cluster header nodes, are also calculated using mathematical analysis. The results have been simulated using MATLAB software. The simulation precisely demonstrates that the proposed GCP‐ESO outperforms the emerging MCH‐EOR and RDSAOA‐EECP methods concerning energy consumption (0.46 J), packet loss ratio (PLR) (0.60%), end‐to‐end latency (11.0 s), packet delivery rate (PDR) (99.41%), routing (0.112), the lifetime of the network (3718 s), and throughput (0.989 Mbps).
Effect of COVID‐19 infection on the gastrointestinal tract considering preventive methods during endoscopic procedures
Authors: Naito Sakiko , Nakamura Itaru , Umezu Tomohiro , Hata Akihiro , Madarame Akira , Uchida Kumiko , Koyama Yohei , Morise Takashi , Yamaguchi Hayato , Kono Shin , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Kawai Takashi , Harada Yuichiro , Kuroda Masahiko , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Itoi Takao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to prevent the infection risk of environmental contamination by feces during endoscopic procedures. We evaluated the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the gastrointestinal tract using fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and examined risk factors affecting endoscopic procedures, to develop infection prevention strategies.MethodsThis single‐center prospective observational study enrolled 32 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 at Tokyo Medical University Hospital between January and December 2022. We performed reverse transcriptase‐PCR to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in human stool specimens and evaluated the COVID‐19 positivity rate in stool, the effect of vaccination on infection detection, and differences in positivity rates considering different patient backgrounds.ResultsAmong the 32 nasal PCR‐positive patients who underwent fecal PCR testing, the fecal PCR positivity rate was 21.8%. Compared to the negative cases, 71.4% vs. 32% were older than 65 years (p < 0.016), 71.4% vs. 0.8% (p < 0.001) had malignant tumors, the rate during BA.5 variant outbreaks was significantly higher (100% vs. 60% [p = 0.044]), and the rate of diarrheal symptoms was also higher (42.9% vs. 24%). The median collection period for fecal PCR‐positive cases was 2 days after sampling.ConclusionsThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 affects not only the upper respiratory tract but also the gastrointestinal tract. These findings may indicate the risk of digestive fluid infection in older patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and immunocompromised patients with malignant tumor comorbidities, especially during the early stages of viral infection. Therefore, it is advisable to establish a system to prevent infection by using personal protective equipment, including eye guards, in future endoscopic procedures.
Warmer temperatures reduce the transmission of a virus in a gregarious forest insect
Authors: MacDonald Paul , Myers Judith H. , Cory Jenny S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how climate warming will influence species interactions is a key question in ecology and predicting changes in the prevalence of disease outbreaks is particularly challenging. Ectotherms are likely to be more influenced by climatic changes as temperature governs their growth, feeding, development, and behavior. We test the hypothesis that pathogen transmission and host mortality will increase at warmer temperatures using a cyclic forest insect, the western tent caterpillar (WTC), Malacosoma californicum pluviale, and its baculovirus. The virus causes population declines at peak host density. WTC are gregarious and clustering is predicted to increase the risk of within family infection; however, how temperature influences this has not been examined. We investigated the impact of temperature on different components of the transmission process in order to pinpoint the possible mechanisms involved. In the laboratory, leaf consumption increased linearly with rising temperature between 15 and 30°C. Insects died more rapidly from virus infection as temperature increased, but this did not translate into differences in the production of viral transmission stages. To examine the influence of temperature on virus transmission, we created a temperature difference between two greenhouses containing potted red alder trees, Alnus rubra. The cooler greenhouse (mean 19.5°C) was roughly similar to ambient temperatures in the field, while the warmer greenhouse was 10°C higher (mean 29°C). As predicted, both larval movement and feeding were higher at the warmer temperature, while the likelihood of the preinfected, inoculum larvae dying on the tents was twice as high in the cooler greenhouse. This resulted in increased virus mortality and a higher transmission parameter under cooler conditions. Therefore, we suggest that, contrary to our prediction, the reduced movement of infected larvae at colder temperatures increased the risk of infection in these gregarious insects and had a greater impact on virus transmission than the increased activity of the susceptible larvae in warmer conditions. Long‐term population data from the field, however, show no relationship between temperature and infection levels, suggesting that local changes in virus transmission might not scale up to population infection levels.
Optimizing service restoration in distribution systems based on scheduling of crews considering priorities of loads
Authors: Sekizaki Shinya , Kato Teruyuki , Nishizaki Ichiro , Hayashida Tomohiro , Hikoyama Kazuhisa , Nonoyama Tomoaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe service restoration to sound sections within a short period as much as possible, performed after the permanent fault occurs in a distribution system, is significant for maintaining power supply reliability. This paper proposes an efficient method to find service restoration procedures based on fault searching and the optimal work scheduling of crews, considering the power supply priorities of loads and the probability of occurrence of faults. The proposed method is composed of two‐stage problems to reduce the outage sections efficiently: (i) the problem to find a series of searching procedures for unknown fault locations in the first stage and (ii) the optimization problem of work schedules of crews in the second stage. In the first stage, the order of operation of switches opened for searching for the fault direction is determined, constituting the searching tree. After that, the proposed optimization method can efficiently solve the work scheduling problem by formulating it as a mixed‐integer linear programming problem in the second stage. The computational experiments using a large‐scale distribution system model with many remote and manual switches show that the proposed method can provide efficient service restoration procedures within a reasonable computational time.
Left‐dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to desmoplakin mutation: a case report
Authors: Lemus Barrios Gustavo A. , Lopez‐Lopez Jose P. , Barbosa‐Balaguera Stephany , Correa Alejandro Mariño 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe case of a 49‐year‐old man with acute onset of heart failure is presented. The initial work‐up showed a dilated cardiomyopathy with severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. In the differential diagnostic process, hypertensive, ischaemic, and valvular aetiologies were discarded. Subsequently, a cardiac magnetic resonance revealed global hypokinesis and inferior and anterior subepicardial fibrosis. Once differential diagnoses of subepicardial fibrosis (myocarditis, sarcoidosis, and Chagas disease) were discarded, a genetic panel was performed, resulting in a heterozygous mutation of desmoplakin (DSP) gene c.6697_6698del. A left‐dominant DSP arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy mutation was diagnosed. Structural myocardial abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmias characterize arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Up to 50% of cases are associated with mutations in DSP genes (JUP, DSP, and PKP2). DSP is the fundamental component of the desmosome structure and provides structural support through intercellular adhesion. Therefore, when frequent differential diagnoses are discarded, genetic studies for dilated cardiomyopathy and DSP mutation should be considered.
Sex differences in long‐term outcomes following acute heart failure hospitalization: Findings from the Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure registry
Authors: Keshvani Neil , Shah Sonia , Ayodele Iyanuoluwa , Chiswell Karen , Alhanti Brooke , Allen Larry A. , Greene Stephen J. , Yancy Clyde W. , Alonso Windy W. , Van Spall Harriette GC , Fonarow Gregg C. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Pandey Ambarish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsSex differences in long‐term outcomes following hospitalization for heart failure (HF) across ejection fraction (EF) subtypes are not well described. In this study, we evaluated the risk of mortality and rehospitalization among males and females across the spectrum of EF over 5 years of follow‐up following an index HF hospitalization event.Methods and resultsPatients hospitalized with HF between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2014 from the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure registry with available 5‐year follow‐up using Medicare Part A claims data were included. The association between sex and risk of mortality and readmission over a 5‐year follow‐up period for each HF subtype (HF with reduced EF [HFrEF, EF ≤40%], HF with mildly reduced EF [HFmrEF, EF 41–49%], and HF with preserved EF [HFpEF, EF >50%]) was assessed using adjusted Cox models. The effect modification by the HF subtype for the association between sex and outcomes was assessed by including multiplicative interaction terms in the models. A total of 155 670 patients (median age: 81 years, 53.4% female) were included. Over 5‐year follow‐up, males and females had comparably poor survival post‐discharge; however, females (vs. males) had greater years of survival lost to HF compared with the median age‐ and sex‐matched US population (HFpEF: 17.0 vs. 14.6 years; HFrEF: 17.3 vs. 15.1 years; HFmrEF: 17.7 vs. 14.6 years for age group 65‐69 years). In adjusted analysis, females (vs. males) had a lower risk of 5‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.90, p < 0.0001), and the risk difference was most pronounced among patients with HFrEF (aHR 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.89; pinteraction[sex*HF subtype] = 0.04). Females (vs. males) had a higher adjusted risk of HF readmission over 5‐year follow‐up (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08, p < 0.0001), with the risk difference most pronounced among patients with HFpEF (aHR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.14; pinteraction[sex*HF subtype] = 0.001).ConclusionsWhile females (vs. males) had lower adjusted mortality, females experienced a significantly greater loss in survival time than the median age‐ and sex‐matched US population and had a greater risk of rehospitalization over 5 years following HF hospitalization.
Efficient One‐pot Zeolite Synthesis Protocol from the Metastable *BEA to MTW Topology and Its Impact on the Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbons Process
Authors: Ye Yiru , Zhou Xue , Zhang Xin , Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe inter‐zeolite conversion is a method to convert one meta‐stable zeolite to a thermodynamically stable zeolite. Despite the enormous interest, this method is yet to be popularized or standardized in the zeolite community. Intending to provide more insights into hydrothermal conversions from one zeolite to another, this work developed a novel one‐pot and flexible synthetic protocol to efficiently obtain the meta‐stable *BEA topology and its derived MTW topology by varying the hydrothermal crystallization time. This inter‐zeolite conversion process led to changes in the zeolite framework and modified physicochemical properties during the process. Such a transformation was feasible by forming hierarchical zeolite phases sharing a similar “mtw”‐based common building units, possibly driving such conversion. The structure‐reactivity relationship of four different zeolite materials, synthesized from this one‐pot inter‐zeolite conversion method, was established concerning their performance in the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbon (MTH) process, which has been well supported by operando UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopic study coupled with online mass spectrometry and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. As a result, the pathway to synthesize various target zeolites from an identical initial synthesis gel with desired physicochemical properties has been scrutinized.
Assessing the feasibility of an intervention for adolescents and parents transitioning out of paediatric eating disorder services: A mixed methods study
Authors: Nicula Maria , Kimber Melissa , Boylan Khrista , Grant Christina , Laliberté Michele , Miller Kathryn , Dimitropoulos Gina , Trollope Karen , Webb Cheryl , Couturier Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of a new intervention designed to support adolescents and parents in the transition from paediatric eating disorder (ED) treatment to adult mental health services.MethodPre‐transition adolescents with EDs, and their parents, were invited to complete up to five transition intervention components over 3 months. A mixed methods design was used to assess intervention feasibility, comprised of acceptability and preliminary effectiveness. A single‐arm pre‐post design was used to collect and analyse quantitative survey and feasibility data. Individual qualitative interviews and written reflections were collected and analysed using content analysis.ResultsThis study yielded a 33% (10/31) recruitment rate and 68% (13/19) retention rate. On average, participants completed 75% of the expected components in under 3 months, with varied completion of each expected intervention component (40%–100%). Participants found the intervention convenient and helpful. Parents reported a significant decrease in guilt (Z = −2.02, p = 0.04, d = −0.83). By 1‐month post‐transition, three adolescents transitioned to interim supports and none started specialist adult treatment.ConclusionsAlthough this transition intervention did not demonstrate adequate feasibility, its acceptability and effectiveness should be evaluated after an update based on participant feedback. Other solutions to bridge the transition gap for adolescents with EDs should continue to be identified.Clinical Trial Registration NumberNCT04888273
Influence of processing temperature on production of red beetroot powder as a natural red colorant using foam‐mat drying: Experimental and modeling study
Authors: Bahriye Golnaz , Dadashi Saeed , Dehghannya Jalal , Ghaffari Hossein 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith high medicinal and nutritional value, red beetroot powder is utilized as a natural pigment and functional additive in various food industries. In this investigation, red beetroot powder was produced using foam‐mat drying, and the effect of drying temperature on quality attributes was evaluated. Computer simulation was also performed to assess the impact of temperature on uniformity of moisture loss and temperature during drying. Temperature variations did not exert a significant impact on water solubility and total color difference of the powders. Images obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopy illustrated that with increasing temperature, wrinkling, cracking, and roughness of the powder particles reduced because of the formation of smooth and hard crusts on the particles' surface. Predicted moisture content values were in good agreement with measured data. The results of this study could be used to optimize foam‐mat drying of red beetroot to produce functional powders with suitable physicochemical and microstructural characteristics.
Testicular germ cell tumour cells release microRNA‐containing extracellular vesicles that induce phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells of the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Alonso‐Crisostomo Luz , Trendell Jennifer , Ferraresso Marta , Bailey Shivani , Ward Dawn , Scurlock Zachary G. L. , Wenlock Stephanie C. , Bastos Carlos A. P. , Jugdaohsingh Ravin , Faria Nuno J. , Enright Anton J. , Scarpini Cinzia G. , Coleman Nicholas , Murray Matthew J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMalignant germ‐cell‐tumours (GCTs) are characterised by microRNA (miRNA/miR‐) dysregulation, with universal over‐expression of miR‐371~373 and miR‐302/367 clusters regardless of patient age, tumour site, or subtype (seminoma/yolk‐sac‐tumour/embryonal carcinoma). These miRNAs are released into the bloodstream, presumed within extracellular‐vesicles (EVs) and represent promising biomarkers. Here, we comprehensively examined the role of EVs, and their miRNA cargo, on (fibroblast/endothelial/macrophage) cells representative of the testicular GCT (TGCT) tumour microenvironment (TME). Small RNA next‐generation‐sequencing was performed on 34 samples, comprising representative malignant GCT cell lines/EVs and controls (testis fibroblast [Hs1.Tes] cell‐line/EVs and testis/ovary samples). TME cells received TGCT co‐culture, TGCT‐derived EVs, and a miRNA overexpression system (miR‐371a‐OE) to assess functional relevance. TGCT cells secreted EVs into culture media. MiR‐371~373 and miR‐302/367 cluster miRNAs were overexpressed in all TGCT cells/subtypes compared with control cells and were highly abundant in TGCT‐derived EVs, with miR‐371a‐3p/miR‐371a‐5p the most abundant. TGCT co‐culture resulted in increased levels of miRNAs from the miR‐371~373 and miR‐302/367 clusters in TME (fibroblast) cells. Next, fluorescent labelling demonstrated TGCT‐derived EVs were internalised by all TME (fibroblast/endothelial/macrophage) cells. TME (fibroblast/endothelial) cell treatment with EVs derived from different TGCT subtypes resulted in increased miR‐371~373 and miR‐302/367 miRNA levels, and other generic (eg, miR‐205‐5p/miR‐148‐3p) and subtype‐specific (seminoma, eg, miR‐203a‐3p; yolk‐sac‐tumour, eg, miR‐375‐3p) miRNAs. MiR‐371a‐OE in TME cells resulted in increased collagen contraction (fibroblasts) and angiogenesis (endothelial cells), via direct mRNA downregulation and alteration of relevant pathways. TGCT cells communicate with nontumour stromal TME cells through release of EVs enriched in oncogenic miRNAs, potentially contributing to tumour progression.
Uniplanar multirod TDR probe for soil water content measurement over a larger spatial scale
Authors: Miyamoto Hideki , Tokumoto Ieyasu , Mojid Mohammad Abdul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study developed a uniplanar multirod time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe and evaluated it in laboratory experiments for soil water measurement over a larger spatial scale. The sampling volume of the probe was determined by simulating the electric potential distribution around the probe rods by using the HYDRUS‐2D software package and verified by comparison with the measured dielectric constant in saturated sand. The performance of the probe was evaluated by comparing its dielectric measurements in wet sand over a wide range of water content during evaporative drying with that measured by CS640 probes. Additionally, the dependency of visible light reflection on the water content of the sand was evaluated. The results revealed that the average effective thickness of the probe's sampling volume was 5–6 cm on both sides of the plane of the probe rods. The probe accurately measured the soil water content over a 0.88 m2 spatial area. The visible light reflectance of the variably saturated sand surface and the corresponding water content of the sand follow a soil water retention function‐type relationship. The usage of the multirod TDR measurement system at a larger spatial scale carries practical implications, especially in increasing the accuracy of remote sensing data.