bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving remote sensing of extreme events with machine learning: land surface temperature retrievals from IASI observations
Authors: Boucher Eulalie , Aires Filipe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Retrieving weather extremes from observations is critical for weather forecasting and climate impact studies. Statistical and machine learning methods are increasingly popular in the remote sensing community. However, these models act as regression tools when dealing with regression problems and as such, they are not always well-suited for the estimation of the extreme weather states. This study firstly introduces two error types that arise from such statistical methods: (a) ‘dampening’ refers to the reduction of the range of variability in the retrieved values, a natural behavior for regression models; (b) ‘inflating’ is the opposite effect (i.e. larger ranges) due to data pooling. We then introduce the concept of localization that intends to better take into account local conditions in the statistical model. Localization largely improves the retrievals of extreme states, and can be used both for retrieval at the pixel level or in image processing techniques. This approach is tested on the retrieval of land surface temperature using infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer observations: the dampening is reduced from 1.9 K to 1.6 K, and the inflating from 1.1 K to 0.5 K, respectively.
Analytical determination of the water thermal accumulator capacity in a consumption mode with a constant debit and a fixed temperature
Authors: Tomov Georgi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The water thermal accumulators for heat and cold storage are an important part of various engineering installations. This article examines a tank with volume of 1000 [l] in a consumption mode with a constant debit and a fixed temperature. The output volumes of hot water in two regimes – weak stratification and strong stratification are calculated analytically and are compared with the results from an analogical simulation in ANSYS. The ANSYS simulations are unconditionally more accurate, but require specialized knowledge and software. The solutions without simulation procedures are suggested. The output volume of hot water with fixed temperature - as a function of initial and final temperatures in accumulator, flow debit, tank construction and external conditions - can be calculated fast and accurate enough for the engineering practice. Relative differences between analytic and simulations results for all regimes are below 10.5%.
Multiphysics simulation for design and adjustment of efficient industrial drying modes of ceramic ware
Authors: Penkova N Y , Mladenov B M , Krumov K S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Algorithms for design and adjustment of industrial drying regimes of ceramic ware, based on modeling and numerical simulation of coupled mass transfer and mechanical processes in the dried media, are developed. They allow prediction of efficient drying rate through estimation of the strain-stress processes in the dried bodies based on finite element analysis and experimentally determined material models. Thermodynamically relations are used to obtain and adjust the change mode of the relative humidity, temperature and velocity of the drying gas in the dryers.
The proposed approaches were applied for estimation of the possibility for drying time reduction of ceramic bricks in continuous draying installation, and the subsequent technological effects.
Comparative evaluation of different options for energy system development in small countries
Authors: Zaharieva N , Groudev P , Chaushevski A , Popov N , Kichev E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper an approach, proposed in the frame of the IAEA International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) and its Collaborative Project “Key indicators for innovative nuclear energy systems” (KIND) for a multi-criteria comparative assessment of different energy options was studied and applied. Comparative evaluation of two hypothetical energy systems - nuclear and non-nuclear was performed in the context of co-operation between small countries in the Balkan region. The evaluation was based on various criteria grouped into selected areas to cover different dimensions in terms of sustainability - economic, environment, public, safety, infrastructure. The results show that nuclear option obtained higher total scores and is thus the preferred option. The nuclear option performs better in the areas of economics, environment and national security and non-nuclear option has the advantage in areas of waste management, safety, public acceptance and infrastructure. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis performed in the study enable to consider the impact of the input uncertainties on the ranking results and their stability. The study could be used to support decision makers in energy policy at national level, demonstrating the application of methodology.
Comparison of Neutron-Physical Parameters of EPR and WWER-1500 using MCNP Computer Code
Authors: Dimitrov Dobromir , Belousov Sergey 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional calculations of the neutron-physical parameters were performed with the MCNP computer code for two models of a reactor core. The purpose was to determine the coefficient of reproduction of neutrons keff
in each of the defined cases, as well as to qualitatively illustrate the neutron flux in axial and radial directions of the reactor core. A generalized analysis of the obtained results is performed, and it can be said that the prepared models, being relatively simple, meet the goal of this paper, namely presenting the basic principles of performing criticality calculations with the MCNP computer code. All calculations for this paper were performed with MCNP5, ver. 1.4. In the present paper, two active core models are considered – one for the EPR reactor and the other for the WWER-1500. Both projects are categorized as Generation 3 nuclear reactors. The following components of the core are included in both models: fuel elements, control rods and coolant. The fuel elements are presented as solid uranium dioxide cylinders coated with zirconium alloy. The fuel elements are grouped in fuel assemblies, in the case of the EPR reactor the fuel elements are arranged in a square grid, and in the case of the WWER-1500 reactor – in a triangular grid (hexagonal geometry). The limits of both models in the radial-azimuthal direction coincide with the inner diameter of the reactor vessel, and in the axial direction the limit is 56 cm in both directions from the end of the fuel elements. The calculations performed in this paper do not aim to quantify the distribution of neutron flux in the core, nor to find with great accuracy the coefficient of reproduction of neutrons keff
at different stages of the reactor campaign. The calculations are made in order to verify the accuracy of the compiled input files. A criterion for this could be the demonstration of basic neutron-physical parameters, such as an increase in the value of keff
with increasing the fuel enrichment and qualitative illustration of the change in the distribution of the neutron flux when introducing control rods in the core.
3rd International Conference on Smart Cities and Sustainable Planning (SCSP 2022)
Authors: Obaid Ahmed J. , Al-Rawi Firas Thamer 
Published: January 2023

SCSP_2022 Conference Proceeding is the 3rd edition of the SCSP Conference series; this volume Involved Our Peer-Reviewed Papers that are reviewed and presented through this Conference which focuses on Smart Cities and Sustainable Planning; SCSP 2022 is held in a Hybrid manner at the Center of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Baghdad, Iraq, 26-27 April 2022. SCSP aims to latest and new trends in topics covered under broad areas such as Smart Cities and Urban Planning. Many cities have made a qualitative leap in their different living systems through several technical systems and applications that have entered various areas of life. Therefore, it has become an essential issue to study the technical elements involved in planning and designing modern cities to transform them into smart cities. It uses information and communication technology to make the components of cities, infrastructure, facilities, and services more effective and interactive with people to reach cooperative cities that achieve maximum benefits for the residents. Our Conference addresses the issue of new city designs and the development of existing contemporary cities based on modern standards that stimulate technological growth and scientific progress by introducing artificial intelligence into the urban environment. To ensure a high quality of life for its residents and meet the basic needs to achieve social, economic, and environmental well-being. All submitted papers are based on double-blind reviews. Only accepted papers based on reviewers’ comments and editorial board decisions will be considered for possible publication in our Conference Proceeding with IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES).

SCSP Conference got significant interest from authors from many countries like the UK, Poland, France, India, Syria, and others. The authors have successfully presented their works and attended our conference sessions Via ZOOM Software. Conference Sessions were managed by our scientific and organizing committee members, who answered all the questions attendees or Session chairs asked. We successfully held this Conference within 2-Days (26 and 27 April 2022); on the first day, we successfully listened to the keynote speakers’ presentations; then, 6 sessions started from 12:30 pm in Iraq Standard Time till 02:30 pm, and the total number of papers presented on the first day was 30 papers, 5 papers for each Session. We want to thank all our session chairs for their hard work and attend our (6) sessions over two days and more than 6 hours per day to deliver the presented outcomes successfully.
List of Venue of the Conference, Conference Chairs, Conference Editors, Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, Invited Speakers, Organizing Institutions, Conference Partners are available in this Pdf.
Site suitability analysis for rural development using geomatics technology in Maysan province/Iraq
Authors: Radi A M , Ziboon A T , Ismael H S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Based on the latest statistics, the number of villages decreased by (18%) of the total number of villages between 1982 and 2019, which indicates an urgent need for a plan to develop the rural settlements in Iraq for spatial balance with the urban area, and the most important challenges and risks that facing this process are the mechanism and criteria for selecting a (mother) village that is a candidate for development with the current situation, to serve the optimum number of inhabitants in a group of neighbouring villages and building modern villages. The overall and main objective of this research was to select potential areas suitable for villages that will be candidates for rural development in Maysan Province south of Iraq by using geographic information system (GIS) methods and remote sensing (RS) techniques. The main data used for this study were Sentinel-2 satellite images with a spatial resolution of 10m; a digital elevation model (DEM) with 12.5m spatial resolution, a topographical map of the study area, the layer of village locations in rural areas, with the data of all these villages included in the comprehensive survey of villages in the Maysan Province. Population, agriculture activity, infrastructure, public services, economic projects, natural characteristics, and site properties, for rural regions are defined as important criteria for identifying sites of select villages for rural development. So, all the thematic layers are assigned weightage depending on importance and priority. Then all the layers are integrated into (The suitability Modeler) one layer by one to produce suitable village sites and demarcated as mother villages candidates for rural development in the study area. The final suitability map for villages of the study area was prepared on ArcGIS Pro 2.8 program and labelled as very high, high, moderate, low, and very low suitable regions out, of the total villages, 52 villages (9.2%) lie in 13 sub-districts (called Nahia), on the middle-south-west parts, along the rivers in Maysan Province, was very high suitable to the candidate for rural development.
Crop yield estimation using different remote sensing data: literature review
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar T S , Ziboon A T , Albayati M M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The climatic conditions and many other environmental factors have an impact on the crop growth stage and then on crop yield. The evaluation of seasonal crop production requires simultaneously monitoring crop yield conditions and early evaluation of significantly reduced production caused by unexpected disasters. Early detection of stunted crop growth can help prevent a disaster or help plan to prevent its occurrence or spread. On the other side, Farmlands cover a wide area of the planet’s surface, so the use of advanced technologies (for example, remote sensing) is very important to minimize the cost of monitoring, and eliminate the wasting of natural resources. Nowadays, the different satellite types such as Landsat, Sentinel, MODIS, and, Spot lead to variations in remote sensing data in spatial, temporal, radiometric, and spectral resolution. This is done to obtain many indices to utilize in crop management and the environmental effect. This review paper presents many studies to clarify three main tasks. Firstly, present the importance of using different types of remote sensing data depending on the reason for use. Secondly, the most famous indices have been used in many studies for different purposes to obtain accurate crop management, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST). Lastly, conclude the review by presenting the potential of the various remote sensing data and the importance of many indices that are helpful for crop and environmental factors monitoring.
Development of new sustainable urban complexes: an entrance to the development and sustainability of investment housing complexes in the city of Najaf (Qaryat Al Ghadeer residential complex as an applied case)
Authors: Al Musawi Safaa F , Al Baghdadi Abdul Sahib N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The idea of sustainability has become a necessity in various fields, especially in the urban environment, where it has emerged as a solution to the many problems facing cities. For that, it is necessary to identify the nature of sustainability in general and urban sustainability in particular and how to achieve it in the Al-Ghadeer residential complex. Therefore, the research focuses on the problem of what are the criteria of urban sustainability when planning residential complexes. How close is Al-Ghadeer residential complex to achieving urban sustainability, where it concluded that Al-Ghadeer residential complex suffers from not being close to achieving urban sustainability due to its deviation from the sustainable standard, which is reflected in the study area and its inability to provide a suitable urban environment for the residents and other desirable characteristics in an urban environment?
The role of irrigation projects in the development of rural settlements conceptual framework and experiences
Authors: Ali Firas Hussein , Ali Amna Hussain Sabree 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Irrigation projects have a key role in influencing economic factors and reshaping the demographic distribution pattern of rural settlements and elements of development. As the main objective of the research is to show what irrigation projects achieve in rural development through the redistribution of rural human settlements in a schematic manner consistent with the new irrigation reality and helps In exploiting the agricultural potential to reach the rebuilding of the rural economy, and to help solve the problem of poor distribution of development benefits and the lack of public services for rural human settlements, due to the spread and scattering of villages, assuming that the prevailing pattern of widespread distribution changes and the use of a new pattern based on the grouping of villages, and raising the rate of Population size in a way that helps to achieve the rural development process. Considering that the dominant feature that distinguishes the pattern of rural settlements in Iraq is the small size of the settlements, their spread and their lack of basic services, which is the characteristic that stands in the way of development and development.
Among the most important conclusions achieved for the role of irrigation projects in addition to agricultural development, is their contribution to the urban development of rural human settlements and providing them with public and agricultural services by linking to a network of roads, in addition to establishing new settlements that support the rural economy.
Ecological utilization of urban green spaces: Baghdad / Dora as a case study
Authors: Dawood Farah Ayid , Jassim Adel H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Urban green spaces lungs of cities and the source of ecological services which are represented by (provisioning, Regulating, Cultural and Supporting services), therefore, it is important to provide green spaces within the cities and protect them. These ecological services can be achieved by applying ecological utilizing principles in the planning of urban green spaces. In Iraqi cities, urban green spaces are currently suffering from neglect from planning policies as well as the invasion by other land uses owing to the lack of knowledge of ecological importance and the weakness of laws and legislations that should protect green spaces. Consequently, that led to the deterioration, shrinkage, and fragmentation of green spaces within the urban fabric. The main objective is to analyse the application of ecological utilizing principles on green spaces in Dora municipality, Baghdad (which is been selected as the study area) in (2020) and compare it with (2005). The methodology of analysis of the ecological utilizing principles on green spaces is based on a series of landscape metrics, where part of it was measured by using “FRAGSTATS 4.2” software, while the other part was measured by descriptive and statistical analysis of data and field visits of the selected study area. The results showed that most of the ecological utilizing principles were reduced in 2020 compared with 2005. The paper concluded that the selected study area suffers from a weakness in the application of the principles of ecological utilisation in its green spaces, which consequently led to the loss of its ecological services. This paper suggested focusing more research on the ecological utilization of urban green spaces, incorporating its principles into urban planning policies, and promoting the role of green spaces as one of the most important ecosystems within the cities.
Indicators for achieving a sustainable urban environment (Al-Qadisiyah district / Tikrit city)
Authors: Dhahir Younus Mosleh , Alwan Kareem Hassan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There is no doubt that the application of sustainability has become a necessary topic in various scales, especially in the urban environment scale and we can consider sustainability as a successful solution to many problems that occurred in cities due to the growth and development of these cities, and it embodies.one of the most prominent forms of creativity in the field of urban planning, since many cities were in good conditions, and at the present time it is required to restore vitality to them and achieve the highest rate of comfort for the population and work to make these cities closer to sustainability, and this requires the availability of elected indicators This is done by first knowing what sustainability is, then finding special indicators in this field that serve as selected criteria that help in evaluating the urban environment, to know the extent to which urban space responds to achieving sustainability, by identifying the strengths and weaknesses in the performance of this space in relation to sustainability. Thus, the research is based on a problem that is summarized in (the cognitive deficiency in identifying effective indicators to reach urban sustainability), and we aim to identify effective indicators in achieving sustainability in the urban environment and how these indicators work, and we assume in the research (that the indicators that were found from the urban environment work together and in a coherent manner as effective and represent criteria in achieving sustainability in the urban environment). After studying and identifying the concept of sustainability in the urban environment, four main indicators were found to achieve this sustainability, which are (urban density, urban diversity, urban design for pedestrians and accessibility). These indicators were applied to the study area, which is the Al-Qadisiyah district in the city of Tikrit to identify the level of performance of the urban environment for the area and how to raise the level of this performance to achieve sustainability.
Methodology of Estimating Construction Projects Contingency
Authors: Noaman Aws S , Hasan Ali E , Talib Mustafa H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most construction projects suffer from many change orders during the construction period of the project and that leads to allocate more funds to cover these changes. Determining the amount of this fund by the owner is difficult due to the uncertainties in the construction project. On the other side, these allocated funds mean a restriction to valuable money that could be used for other financial activities. In this paper, a proposed methodology is suggested estimating the project contingency instead of the traditional approach of adding fixed value based on the contract value of the project. This methodology makes sure that minimum contingency is allocated through analyzing data from previous similar projects and identify the most activities causing change orders (consume contingency) then take actions in the planning stage to organize these activities and ensure their execution within the budget allocated. The amount of contingency could be determined based on the previous information. This methodology applied on a case study consists of seven construction projects in Tikrit University and the application indicates that adopt a scientific approach (such as this methodology) in estimating the amount of project contingency could increase the precision of estimation and minimize the contingency amount.