bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water management training and extension services as key drivers to homestead food garden production: A case study of households in Gauteng province, South Africa
Authors: Maponya Phokele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobally, food and agriculture lie at the heart of the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, especially for the goals of ending poverty, hunger and malnutrition, sustaining natural resources, and responding to climate change. Hence, water management is critical for food production. A survey was conducted by the Agricultural Research Council and Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development to establish the key drivers to homestead food garden production. The objectives were (i) to identify and describe the drought status of households and (ii) to identify and describe the socioeconomic characteristics of households. A total of 1150 households were assessed using quantitative and qualitative designs and the Standardized Precipitation Index. A purposive sampling technique was used, and data were coded, captured and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The results indicated that water management training should be coupled with a good extension service as most households complained about the lack of availability of agricultural advisors. The study concluded that for a productive homestead food garden, sound training and extension services on water supply and storage, efficiency of irrigation and land drainage are necessary.
Fetuin‐A adsorption to tunable polydimethylsiloxane and subsequent macrophage response
Authors: Miller Chelsea , Sask Kyla N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSurface modifications can be applied to biomaterials to alter the various surface properties that influence protein‐material interactions and the cellular response. The plasma protein fetuin‐A has been found to adsorb to many biomaterials but details of its interactions with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and roles in regulating the immune response are not clear. Here, PDMS modifications are achieved by altering the ratio of PDMS formulations to control elastic modulus, and by coating PDMS with polydopamine (PDA) to attach fetuin‐A. Surface characterization confirmed that altering the PDMS formulation changed the elastic modulus without affecting surface wetting properties. Surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy and surface chemistry was determined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, with only minor changes detected on the softest samples. PDA deposition on PDMS was confirmed and contact angle measurements demonstrated an increase in hydrophilicity. Fetuin‐A adsorption was influenced by the PDMS formulations, adsorption changed in a competitive plasma environment, and PDA was able to immobilize the greatest amount of fetuin‐A. The inflammatory effects of fetuin‐A were investigated, and data suggests that the elastic modulus influences cytokine secretion from macrophages at certain timepoints, a result likely due to varied protein amounts and orientations/conformations in response to material stiffness. The addition of a PDA layer demonstrated the potentially cytokine mitigating effect upon fetuin‐A immobilization when compared to unmodified PDMS samples. The results provide new insight into the interactions of fetuin‐A with PDMS and PDA, and the potential immune regulatory properties of fetuin‐A modified materials.
Effect of Abaloparatide on Bone Microarchitecture Assessed by Trabecular Bone Score in Women With Osteoporosis: Post Hoc Analysis of ACTIVE and ACTIVExtend
Authors: Cosman Felicia MD , Hans Didier PhD , Shevroja Enisa PhD , Wang Yamei PhD , Mitlak Bruce MD 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Although bone mineral density (BMD) is a predictor of fracture, many fractures occur in women with T-scores &gt; −2.5. Bone microarchitecture, assessed by trabecular bone score (TBS), predicts fracture risk independent of BMD. We evaluated whether abaloparatide improves TBS and whether TBS trends were associated with vertebral fracture risk reduction. Women with osteoporosis randomized to abaloparatide or placebo for 18 months (ACTIVE), followed by alendronate for 24 months (ACTIVExtend), with evaluable TBS, were included in this post hoc analysis (N = 911). TBS was calculated from spine BMD scans using an algorithm adjusted for tissue thickness (TBSth) at baseline, 6, 18, and 43 months. Mean increments in TBSth from baseline within and between treatment groups, proportion of women with TBSth increments above least significant change (LSC) and proportion with degraded TBSth (&lt;1.027) were calculated. Risk estimates for vertebral fracture were compared using binary logistic regressions adjusted for baseline age and spine BMD. At baseline, 42% had degraded TBSth. Mean TBSth increased 4% after 18 months abaloparatide (p &lt; 0.001) and was unchanged with placebo. After 2 subsequent years of alendronate, the total cumulative TBSth increase was 4.4% with abaloparatide/alendronate and 1.7% with placebo/alendronate (group difference, p &lt; 0.001). At 43 months, the proportion of women with degraded TBSth had declined to 21% with abaloparatide/alendronate and 37% with placebo/alendronate (p &lt; 0.05). An increase in TBSth ≥ LSC was observed in 50% of abaloparatide-treated women at 18 months and was associated with decreased odds (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of vertebral fracture (0.19; 95% CI, 0.04–0.80, 6 months; 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11–0.79, 43 months). In conclusion, abaloparatide increased TBSth rapidly and progressively over 18 months and increments were maintained over 2 years with alendronate. TBSth increase was associated with vertebral fracture risk reduction. Microarchitectural improvement may be one mechanism by which abaloparatide strengthens vertebral bone. © 2023 Radius Health, Inc and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Mean TBSth (95% CI) percent change over time. Both ABL and PBO ended at 18 months (solid lines); at 19 months, all subjects started ALN for 24 months (dotted lines). *p &lt; 0.001. ABL, abaloparatide; ALN, alendronate; CI, confidence interval; PBO, placebo; TBSth, trabecular bone score adjusted for tissue thickness.
Diagnostic Value of Qualitative and Quantitative Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound for Pathological Subtypes of Small Solid Renal Masses
Authors: He Mengna , Gao Qiong , Xiang Jianjian , Mao Qiqi , Jiang Tian'an 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic value of qualitative and quantitative contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for pathological subtypes of small solid renal masses (sSRMs).MethodsPatients with sSRMs confirmed by surgical pathology from January 2019 to November 2021 were retrospectively identified. All patients were divided into 3 groups: clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) group, none‐ccRCC group (renal cell carcinoma other than ccRCC), and angiomyolipoma (AML) group. The mass position, size, echogenicity and blood flow signals were compared. The speed of wash‐in, wash‐out, the degree of peak enhancement and the homogeneity at peak enhancement, the presence of pseudocapsule sign in CEUS imaging were qualitatively evaluated. Peak enhancement, wash‐in area under the curve (WiAUC), rise time, time to peak, wash‐in rate (WiR), wash‐in perfusion index (WiPI) and tumor‐to‐cortex enhancement ratio of the above parameters in CEUS imaging were quantitatively evaluated.ResultsOf 105 patients, 105 sSRMs (66 ccRCC, 18 none‐ccRCC, 21 AML) were enrolled in this study. No significant differences were found on location, size and echogenicity among 3 groups (all P > .05). The proportion of fast‐washout and hypo‐enhancement were highest in none‐ccRCC group. Heterogeneous enhancement was detected in 87.88% in ccRCC group which is significantly higher than other 2 groups. Hundred percent of the AML showed no pseudocapsule sign, which is the highest among the 3 groups. Peak enhancement, WiAUC, WiR, WiPI of ccRCC group were the highest among the 3 groups.ConclusionsQualitative and quantitative CEUS not only has the diagnostic value in distinguishing AML from malignant sSRMs, but also helps to differentiate the pathological subtypes of sSRMs.
Graphene Oxide for Nonlinear Integrated Photonics
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Wu Jiayang , Jia Linnan , Qu Yang , Yang Yunyi , Jia Baohua , Moss David J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntegrated photonic devices operating via optical nonlinearities offer a powerful solution for all‐optical information processing, yielding processing speeds that are well beyond that of electronic processing as well as providing the added benefits of compact footprint, high stability, high scalability, and small power consumption. The increasing demand for high‐performance nonlinear integrated photonic devices has facilitated the hybrid integration of novel materials to address the limitations of existing integrated photonic platforms. Recently, graphene oxide (GO), with its large optical nonlinearity, high flexibility in altering its properties, and facile fabrication processes, has attracted significant attention, enabling many hybrid nonlinear integrated photonic devices with improved performance and novel capabilities. This paper reviews the applications of GO to nonlinear integrated photonics. First, an overview of GO's optical properties and the fabrication technologies needed for its on‐chip integration is provided. Next, the state‐of‐the‐art GO nonlinear integrated photonic devices are reviewed, followed by comparisons of the nonlinear optical performance of different integrated platforms incorporating GO as well as hybrid integrated devices including different kinds of 2D materials. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in this field are discussed.
Hopf bifurcation in time‐delayed gene expression model with dimers
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Agnieszka , Bodnar Marek 
Published: January 2023

We study a mathematical model of gene transcription and protein synthesis with negative feedback. We consider a system of equations taking into account the formation of dimers (i.e., complex formed by two protein monomers), the way in which dimers bind to DNA and time delay in translation process. For the model consisting of three ordinary differential equations with time delay, we derive conditions for stability of the positive steady state and for the existence of the Hopf bifurcation. We check the influence of delay in transcription process on the model dynamics, and we formulate conditions determining the type of the Hopf bifurcation and stability of arising limit cycle.
Offspring epigenetic markers at birth related to gestational BMI predict offspring BMI‐trajectories from infancy to 26 years
Authors: Janjanam Vimala Devi , Ewart Susan , Zhang Hongmei , Jiang Yu , Arshad Hasan , Ziyab Ali H. , Karmaus Wilfried 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo date, epigenetic studies identified differential DNA methylation (DNAm) related to gestational‐body mass index (BMI) in offspring at birth. This study investigated whether the identified DNAm in offspring were also associated with BMI trajectories from infancy to age 26 years.MethodsData of 794 participants from Isle of Wight birth cohort in UK were investigated to study association between BMI trajectories and DNAm related to gestational‐BMI at birth. Multinominal logistic regression models were applied to test the association between 1090 DNAm sites reported in three prior epigenome‐wide association studies and BMI trajectories.ResultsDNAm site cg23089913 (NANOS1) and cg13217064 (SOX14) were associated with early persistent obesity (EPO) and delayed overweight (DOW) trajectories respectively. A higher methylation of cg23089913 showed low odds of being in EPO trajectory (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76–0.93) while higher methylation of cg13217064 resulted in 1.4‐times the odds of being in DOW trajectory when compared to the normal trajectory [Correction added on 22 February 2023, after first online publication: Range of the DNAm site cg23089913 has been changed from ‘lower’ to ‘higher’ in the preceding sentence.]. In a gender‐stratified analysis, the odds of developing into DOW was 1.8 times in female participants for cg13217064 while not such association was observed in males.ConclusionsDeviations in methylation of cg23089913 (NANOS1) and cg13217064 (SOX14) in newborns may change the risk of having excess body weight.
Presentation of ventriculomegaly at 11–14 weeks of gestation: An analysis of longitudinal data
Authors: Labrosse Kathrin B. , Buechel Johanna , Guelmez Huelya , Butenschoen Annkathrin , Schoenberger Heidrun , Visca Eva , Schoetzau Andreas , Manegold‐Brauer Gwendolin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the value of the sonographic measurements of the choroid plexus and the lateral ventricles at 11–14 gestational weeks in fetuses that had the diagnosis of second‐trimester ventriculomegaly (VM) as a clinical reference.MethodsThe standard axial plane used for biparietal diameter measurement from 2D stored images in the first trimester was used to calculate the ratio between the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle diameter (PDVDR), the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle length (PLVLR) and the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle area (PAVAR) in 100 normal and 15 fetuses diagnosed with second‐trimester VM.ResultsIn fetuses with VM, the measurements of PDVDR, PLVLR and PAVAR were all significantly smaller compared to normal fetuses (p = < 0.001, <0.001, <0.01). Four out of seven cases with mild VM had measurements below the 5th percentile (57%). 75% of cases with moderate or severe VM had at least one measurement below the 5th percentile.ConclusionsSince the axial plane of the fetal head is obtained in all first‐trimester routine screenings, the measurements of PDVDR, PLVLR and PAVAR could easily be integrated into routine examinations for an early detection of VM.
Pharmacogenetics ofP2Y12receptor inhibitors
Authors: Thomas Cameron D. , Williams Alexis K. , Lee Craig R. , Cavallari Larisa H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOral P2Y12inhibitors are commonly prescribed for cardiovascular disease and include clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor. Each of these drugs has its strengths and weaknesses. Prasugrel and ticagrelor are more potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation and were shown to be superior to clopidogrel in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events after an acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the absence of genotyping. However, both are associated with an increased risk for non‐coronary artery bypass‐related bleeding. Clopidogrel is a prodrug requiring bioactivation, primarily via the CYP2C19 enzyme. Approximately 30% of individuals have aCYP2C19no function allele and decreased or no CYP2C19 enzyme activity. Clopidogrel‐treated carriers of aCYP2C19no function allele have decreased exposure to the clopidogrel active metabolite and lesser inhibition of platelet aggregation, which likely contributed to reduced clopidogrel efficacy in clinical trials. The pharmacogenetic data for clopidogrel are most robust in the setting of PCI, but evidence is accumulating for other indications. Guidance is available from expert consensus groups and regulatory agencies to assist with integrating genetic information into P2Y12inhibitor prescribing decisions, andCYP2C19genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy after PCI is one of the most common examples of clinical pharmacogenetic implementation. Herein, we review the evidence for pharmacogenetic associations with clopidogrel response and outcomes with genotype‐guided P2Y12inhibitor selection and describe guidance to assist with pharmacogenetic implementation. We also describe processes for applying genotype data for P2Y12inhibitor therapy selection and remaining gaps in the field. Ultimately, consideration of both clinical and genetic factors may guide selection of P2Y12inhibitor therapy that optimally balances the atherothrombotic and bleeding risks.
Der Weg zum Quanteninternet
Authors: Reiserer Andreas 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungQuantennetzwerke ermöglichen eine Vielzahl interessanter Anwendungen und sind daher Gegenstand intensiver Grundlagenforschung. Grundsätzlich benötigen sie für die Kommunikation fliegende Quantenbits, wofür sich Photonen am besten eignen. Eine freie Übertragung durch die Atmosphäre, auch via Satellit, funktioniert zwar über große Distanzen, hängt aber zum Beispiel vom Wetter ab. Glasfasernetze bieten eine attraktive Alternative. Allerdings ermöglichen die Verluste in ihnen eine Übertragung über maximal 100 km. Die Lösung bieten Netzwerk‐Knoten mit stationären Quantenbits in Form von einzelnen Atomen. Das Grundprinzip ist bereits im Labor demonstriert. Ein Beispiel sind Erbium‐Dotieratome in Silizium‐ oder Silikatkristallen, die als stationäre Quantenbits über ihre individuelle Frequenz einzeln adressierbar sind. Der Einbau eines solchen Kristalls in einen Fabry‐Perot‐Resonator erhöht die Effizienz der Licht‐Materie‐Wechselwirkung. Bis mit solchen Netzwerkknoten ein globales Quanteninternet realisiert werden kann, sind allerdings noch große Hürden zu überwinden.
Wie innerer Druck die Erde formt
Authors: Tschauner Oliver 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Erde ist ein Planet, dessen eigene Schwere die Chemie und Physik der Gesteine in seinen tieferen Schichten erheblich verändert. Dabei bleibt die Natur chemischer Bindungen im Ganzen gewahrt, wenn auch ihre Eigenart sich mit dem Druck ändert. In einen zehnmal massereicheren erdähnlichen Planeten wäre die Grenze zur Auflösung der ionischen und kovalenten Bindungen vermutlich erreicht, und die Verbindungen von Si und Mg mit O würden metallischen Legierungen ähneln. In einem kleineren Planeten wie dem Mars sind die druckinduzierten Änderungen in den Eigenschaften der Elemente hingegen kaum merklich.
Glucose‐derived superabsorbent hydrogel materials based on mechanically‐interlocked slide‐ring and triblock copolymer topologies
Authors: Pang Ching , Wang Hai , Zhang Fuwu , Patel Ami K. , Lee Hung Pang , Wooley Karen L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of glucose‐based degradable superabsorbent hydrogels with potential to tackle issues associated with sustainability, flooding, and drought has been designed and fabricated. These hydrophilic networks were constructed through integrating glucose as a primary building block –into cyclic oligomers and block polymers, which were combined into mechanically‐interlocked slide‐ring crosslinked materials. Crosslinking of slide ring α‐cyclodextrin/poly(ethylene glycol)‐type polyrotaxanes with acid‐functionalized ABA triblock copolymers comprised of mercaptopropionic acid‐functionalized poly(glucose carbonate (ethyl propargyl carbonate))‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐mercaptopropionic acid‐functionalized poly(glucose carbonate (ethyl propargyl carbonate)), afforded degradable superabsorbent hydrogels through establishment of chemically‐labile ester linkages, in addition to glycosidic and carbonate groups of the polymer precursors. With an emphasis on development of fundamental synthetic design strategies to achieve high‐performance superabsorbent hydrogels that could behave as robust materials, which are derived from natural components and exhibit hydrolytic degradability, effort went into optimization of the composition, structure, and topology leading to water uptake capacities >30× by mass. Investigations of composition‐structure‐topology‐morphology effects on properties as a function of variations of PEG main chain length, degree of α‐cyclodextrin coverage, and concentration of pre‐gel solution, indicated that the slide‐ring polymer and triblock copolymer networks feature high water uptake, tunable mechanical properties, and sustainability with construction from renewable natural products and in‐built degradability.
Understanding social network support, composition, and structure among cancer caregivers
Authors: Bouchard Elizabeth G. , Prince Mark A. , McCarty Christopher , Vincent Paula C. , Patel Hital , LaValley Susan A. , Collins R. Lorraine , Sahler Olle Jane Z. , Krenz Till , Kelly Kara M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the social network support, composition, and structure of pediatric cancer caregivers.MethodsWe used a self‐report survey to collect egocentric social network data from 107 caregivers of pediatric cancer patients and calculated descriptive statistics to examine cancer‐related support network composition, function, and structure. We then ran logistic regressions to examine the relationships between network characteristics and overall satisfaction with social support.ResultsFamily members were the most common source of emotional support and logistical support, and health care providers were the most common source of informational support. Participants perceived the “most helpful” forms of support as being: (1) emotional support from family and health care providers; (2) informational support from health care providers and other cancer caregivers; and (3) logistical support from family. Overall, caregivers wished that 9.8% of their network ties had provided more support, with family members being the most common alter type to disappoint caregivers and offer less support than needed/expected. Caregivers who reported higher network disappointment (having network members who offered less support than needed/expected) were significantly less satisfied with emotional support than those with lower network disappointment (Odds Ratio = 0.18, p = 0.02), and caregivers with higher network disappointment were significantly less satisfied with logistical support compared to those with lower network disappointment (Odds Ratio = 0.14, p = 0.01).ConclusionOur results show differences in the nature of social support provided by different types of network members. These findings have implications for tailoring social network interventions to improve caregiver and family outcomes.
A narrative medicine‐based training program increases the humanistic care quality of new nurses in cancer hospital
Authors: Lu Ningning , Ma Zhuyue , Shi Yanyan , Yao Shanshan , Zhang Liuliu , Shan Jingyi , Zhai Liying , Li Caiyu , Cheng Fang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the change of medical model, the cancer nurses should not only pay attention to patients' physical pain, but also patients' psychological distress, which requires cancer nurses to have a high quality of humanistic care. This study aims to explore the humanistic care quality of new nurses in cancer hospital and effects of the narrative medicine‐based training program on the new nurses of cancer hospital. A total of 101 new nurses in a cancer hospital received the narrative medicine‐based training in 2020. Before and after the training, they were investigated with humanistic care quality questionnaire and empathy ability questionnaire. The course included narrative therapy overview, narrative medicine overview, narrative nursing, psychological nursing cases of cancer patients, and so on. After training, the total score of the humanistic care and quality empathy ability increased significantly, and the comparison was statistically significant. The total score of empathy after the training (98.44 ± 2.23) was higher than the score before the training (86.35 ± 7.53) (p < .05). The total score of humanistic care quality after the training (184.45 ± 14.34) was higher than the score before the training (161.45 ± 15.45) (p < .01). The scores of all dimensions were statistically significant. The narrative medicine‐based training program could increase the empathy ability of the new cancer nurses and improve the humanistic care quality. This program is suitable for clinical promotion and application. The study findings could have implications for medical institute to increase the humanistic care quality of new nurses.