bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Progression Free Survival (PFS) in Patients with Hormone Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer in Cohort of Egyptian Patients (Retrospective Cohort Study)
Authors: Azmy Ali M , EL-Qady Mohammed S , Shafik Amr , Abd El-Fattah Ahmed M 
Published: August 2023

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in the world and the most frequent cancer among women with approximately 1.7 million new cancer cases diagnosed yearly. It is the most common female malignancy accounting for 22.9% and 37.7% of all female cancers worldwide and in Egypt, respectively. BC in Egypt carries an unfavorable prognosis with 29% mortality and 3.7:1 incidence to mortality ratio.

Aim of the Work
to assess progression free survival (PFS) in patient with hormone positive metastatic breast cancer and prognostic factors affecting it in series of Egyptian patients treated in Ain Shams University hospitals and Maadi Medical Armed Forces Complex.

Patients and Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Clinical Oncology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals and Medical Oncology Department, Maadi Medical Armed Forces Complex from January 2019 till December 2020. Progression free survival was estimated for all patients. Age of the studied patients ranged from 32 to 85 years with mean age of 58 years, 77.9% of the patients with MBC were postmenopausal, 22.9% of patients had positive family history. Most of our patients were IDC (95%) while only 5% were ILC, hormonal and molecular status among studied groups showed ER +ve in 100% of patients.

Results
Regarding to progesteron receptor (PR) status, 8.7% of patients were negative and 91.3% were positive. Ninety percent had HER2 overexpression. In 240 breast cancers, proliferative index Ki-67 was low in 84.6%. High levels were seen in 15.4% of cases. Progression free survival ranged from 1 to 66 months with median of 15 months. There are statistically significant relations of progression free survival with menopausal status, family history, HER2 overexpression, proliferative index Ki67, onset of metastasis evolution, site of metastasis, 1st line of treatment for metastasis, type of hormonal treatment for metastasis and ovarian ablation for premenopausal MBC patients.

Conclusion
There are statistically significant relations of PFS with 1st line of treatment of metastasis, as we find that Patients who received hormonal treatment only was significantly higher PFS (median PFS 17 months) compared to patients whose received both hormonal therapy and chemotherapy (median PFS 15 months) and patients whose received chemotherapy only (median PFS 5 months).
Retrospective Study about the Impact of the Negative Lymph Node Count on the Survival Rate of Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Barakat Heba Allah Amin Sanad , El Bassiouny Mohamed , Farag Amr Lotfy , Saleh Mohamed Essam 
Published: August 2023

Background
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. In 2019, an estimated 101,420 new cases of colon cancer and approximately 44,180 cases of rectal cancer occur. During the same year, an estimated 51,020 people will die of colon and rectal cancer combined.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to assess the role of negative lymph node count as a predictor of prognosis in patients with stage III colon cancer.

Patients and Methods
During the five years period from January 2013 till the end of December 2018; about 2417 patients presented to the Clinical Oncology Department, Ain Shams University Hospital per year. Out of which, about 132 cases were pathologically diagnosed as colorectal cancer cases of which 42 cases met the inclusion criteria of our study.

Results
The current study showed that increased NLN was insignificantly correlated with improved PFS in stage III colon cancer. Subgroup analysis found that the prognostic value of NLN was independent on gender, age, sideness of disease. These findings may be related to the lack of our sample size; more importantly, other mechanisms involved are unclear. Here, it must be mentioned that there was no significant difference in the survival between the NLN ≤11 and &gt;11 groups in stage IIIB disease compared with that in stage IIIA and IIIC disease. The patients with stage IIIB accounted for 59.5 % of the total number of patients, while the number of IIIA and IIIC patients only accounted for 40.4%, making it difficult to draw meaningful results.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that NLN cannot function as independent indicator of survival of patients with stage III colon cancer. Regardless patient characteristics (gender, age or sideness of disease).
The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Quality of Life and 6-Minute Walk Test in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Haddad Mohammed Malek , Kamal Khaled Abdel Aziz , Kadry Ahmed , Raymond Ramy 
Published: August 2023

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women, contributing to 24.6% of malignancies in females and responsible for 15% of all cancer-related deaths among women worldwide.[1] Over the last 20 years, BC survival rates have significantly improved.[1] However, this survivorship is often marked by fatigue, poor quality of life (QoL), reduced functional capacity along with treatment-related adverse effects.[2] The implementation of a model similar to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program as a preventive strategy may provide a potential solution to improve functional capacity, quality of life and reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cancer survivors.[3]

Objective
to investigate the effect of 12-week completed cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life (using FACT-B questionnaire) and 6-minute walk test in breast cancer survivors.

Patients and Methods
In this 2-arm parallel prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, sixty breast cancer survivors 3 months to 1 year after completion of chemotherapy were recruited at Ain Shams University hospitals and divided into two groups Study group (n = 30); participated in 12-week CR program and Control group (n = 30) did not participate in CR program but still received the usual cancer care. Cardiac rehabilitation program consisted of education, diet control, drug adherence, 12 weeks exercise sessions, Behavior and psychosocial management, Sexual activity education Smoking cessation. Functional capacity was assessed before and after study period by sixminute walk test (6MWT) and exercise test (using modified Bruce protocol). All patients were personally interviewed for assessment of quality of life before and after study period using (FACT-B) questionnaire. In addition patients underwent echocardiography assessment before and after study period.

Result
Sixty female breast cancer survivors were enrolled. Nine patients dropped from CR program, some due to social commitments (n = 2), others due to long distance issues (n = 2), and the remaining were not interested in continuing the program (n = 5). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, baseline BMI, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, medical history, chemotherapy protocol, and radiation. When comparing two groups, the study group showed significant increase in age-predicted 6MWD (p = 0.02), ET (p &lt; 0.001), METs (p &lt; 0.001), QoL score (p &lt; 0.001), along with significant decrease in SBP (p &lt; 0.001), HR (p &lt; 0.001), RPP (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrated that completed cardiac rehabilitation program improves functional capacity and quality of life in breast cancer survivors.

Recommendation
We recommend that multicomponent supervised cardiac rehabilitation program should be incorporated within the usual care of breast cancer survivor
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Macular, Choroidal, and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abd El-aziem Aya M , Haleem Heba M Abdel , Eliwa Tamer F , El-Shazly Amany A , Moustafa Moustafa E 
Published: August 2023

Background
Smoking is one of the most significant and preventable health problems of our time causing various chronic illnesses including ocular problems; however, its effect on thickness of the retinal layers or choroid is still unknown.

Aim of the Work
to conduct a systematic review and attempt a meta-analysis to determine the effect of tobacco smoking on central macular (CMT), choroidal (CT), and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL).

Materials and Methods
comprehensive literature search was conducted using the databases Google scholar, PubMed, web of science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for published studies from 1 January 2000 to 1 June 2021.This meta-analysis included thirteen studies. They were Observational studies.

Results
This study demonstrated no significant effect of tobacco smoking on central macular, choroidal or retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. However, advanced analyses showed that smoking has acute effect on choroidal thickness and would influence the thickness of superior and inferior RNFL quadrants.

Conclusion
There was no evidence of an association between tobacco smoking and changes in choroidal, central foveal or retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. Future research on this interesting and important topic could aid in the prevention and treatment of smoking-related illnesses.
Comparison between Posterior Capsular Opacification Following Implantation of Hydrophilic & Hydrophobic Acrylic IOLs
Authors: Elwan Sheriff , Elkitkat Rania Serag , Nada Ossama Tarek Sayed , Rehan Karim Raafat Aly Elsayed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Nowadays, care of a cataractous patient greatly exceeds surgical removal of the opacified lens. In a step forward to the welfare of the elderly, special concern is given for posterior capsular opacification (PCO), which remains one of the most common complications after cataract surgery.

Aim of the Work
The aim of that work was to compare the incidence of posterior capsular opacification in patients who underwent hydrophilic IOLs versus hydrophobic IOLs implantation.

Patients and Methods
The present study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic, Ophthalmology Department, Ain Shams University, and assessed patients, who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery and hydrophilic or hydrophobic acrylic nonheparinized IOL implantation. Surgeries were done by equal caliber experienced surgeons. ―In-thebag‖ fixation of a square-edged IOL and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with cortical cleanup was performed. Patients’ data were collected from the electronic medical records.

Results
The study revealed that neither the IOL material nor the general medical condition significantly delayed the onset of PCO development. However, we need to collect more clinical records of cases and conduct multicenter logistic regression analyses on a larger sample using a prospective study design.

Conclusion
The present study found no significant difference between the incidence PCO development between hydrophobic and hydrophilic IOLs. Moreover, the patients’ general conditions did not show a significant association with PCO incidence.
Assessment of Corneal Endothelial Cell Parameters Using Specular Microscopy in Previously Infected SARS-CoV-2 Patients
Authors: Elshalkami Mohamed Anis , Abdalla Tarek Mohamed Mahmoud , Abdellatif Mona Kamal , Fawzy Samah Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
To assess the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) infection on the endothelium of the cornea.

Methods
A cross-sectional, comparative study with subjects previously infected by SARS CoV 2 infection for not less than six months (group 1) and a group of sex and age-matched controls without previous infection of SARS CoV 2 (group 2).
Endothelial cell parameters were examined using specular microscopy. Following full ophthalmologic examination the groups were matched with controls of the same sex and age with no prior ocular surface pathologies.

Results
64 and fifty-three right eyes were examined in both groups one and two, respectively. Between the 2 groups no differences in any of the examined specular parameters were detected that are statistically significant.

Conclusion
No delayed effects on the corneal endothelium appear to be caused by SARS CoV 2 infection. Further studies comparing the same subject before and after infection will be of significance.
Incidence, Causes, and Management of Post Vitrectomy Endophthalmitis: A Metaanalysis Study
Authors: Mahgoub Mohamad Moghazy , Naguib Karim Magdy , Abo El maaty Mahmoud Rabab , Hanna Pola Nageh 
Published: August 2023

Background
Endophthalmitis is a rare but severe form of ocular inflammation due to infection of the intraocular cavity that can lead to irreversible visual loss if not treated properly and timely. Clinical features of endophthalmitis following PPV (Pars Plana Vitrectomy) are similar to those of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Some cases, however, may demonstrate a delayed presentation.

Objective
To do a meta-analysis of studies to know the incidence, causes, and management of post vitrectomy endophthalmitis.

Patients and Methods
The current review followed the guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) statement 2009 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Itims for Systematic Reviews and Meta analysis).

Results
Electronic search yielded 306 articles from two databases. After duplicates removal, 102 articles were screened in title/abstract screening, while 33 articles were screened in full text screening for inclusion. Finally, 18 articles were included in qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis. The manual search resulted in no additional studies.

Data Sources
Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2021.

Data Extraction
If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information and defined assessment measures.

Conclusion
The overall incidence of post-PPV endophthalmitis across all studies was low. More recent data indicate that using 25 gauge needle during vitrectomy was significantly has the highest endophthalmitis incidence rate than others. While using 20 gauge needle during vitrectomy was significantly has the lowest endophthalmitis incidence rate than others. Vitreoretinal surgeons need to pay close attention especially when performing 25 G PPV, including a meticulous sclerotomy preparation, balancing the potential benefits of nonfluid tamponade, and removing all vitreous wicks, to reduce the risk of endophthalmitis.
Correlation between Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity and Depth of Vision before and after Partial Time Occlusion Therapy in Strabismic and Anisometropic Amblyopes
Authors: Ragheb Tarek Rezk , Saleh Galal Amr , Hamdi Momen Mahmoud , Fawzy Samah Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

Background
Amblyopia is known as the visual developmental disorder that follows selective disruption of the visual input to one eye early in life. It is considered the second most common cause of decreased visual acuity in both children and adults affecting greatly both economic and social life. It affects most of the visual parameters, so great efforts are carried out in developing effective methods controlling different deficits in amblyopia, being a great concern for all the society. However, monocular occlusion therapy remains the easiest and most popular way despite that there are many doubts in its reliability in controlling visual abnormalities other than acuity.

Purpose
To compare the different performance of anisometropic and strabismic eyes with moderate amblyopia, using partial occlusion therapy regarding visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and depth of vision.

Methods
Forty-nine children between 7 and 12 years old suffering from moderate amblyopia were classified into two groups: 25 anisometropic amblyopes and 24 strabismic ones. Two hour occlusion regimen with near activity was conducted by patients, assured by parents monitoring. Evaluation of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity was conducted at each visit throughout the treatment regimen which was continued for 6 months on monthly follow up basis.

Results
Children in both groups improved significantly in visual acuity. There was a considerable difference among the distribution of improvement within each group where 9% of strabismic amblyopes achieved full visual recovery as compared to 40% in the anisometropic group, and 62.5% had residual amblyopia as compared to 36% in the anisometropic one, in spite of no significant difference of average improvement between groups (&lt;0.0001). Only 42% of the strabismic amblyopes improved in stereoacuity as compared to 88% of the anisometropic ones, however, the difference in mean improvement was not significant between the two groups.

Conclusion
Children with moderate anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia 7-12 years old, can get considerable benefits from part time occlusion therapy in different visual aspects. The anisometropic amblyopes have better contrast sensitivity improvement and more reliable expectations of recovery being largely dependent on the initial visual acuity.
Measurement of Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickness in Hyperthyroid Patients with Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy, Using Spectral Domain OCT
Authors: El Rahman Gaber Salman Abd , Mohamed Thanaa Helmy , Abdelgawad Randa Hesham Ali , Galal Yosra Ismail 
Published: August 2023

Background
Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an auto-immune orbitopathy, associated with thyroid dysfunction. It results in compression of the orbital contents, impairment of the blood flow and thus affects the choroidal and retinal microstructure and function.

Aim of the Work
The purpose of this study is to measure the central choroidal thickness in active and inactive TAO using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and compare it to the control group.

Patients and Methods
The cross section study was conducted on participants recruited from the ophthalmology clinic of the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE). The study included 160 eyes from 80 participants (40 hyperthyroidism patients and 40 control subjects). Data was collected during the period of December 2019 to June 2020.

Results
There was no significant difference regarding age, gender, vision and IOP between TAO patients (either active or inactive) and normal subjects. Our study showed that there was a significant increase in sub-foveal choroidal thickness in patients with TAO compared to the control group. It also showed a significant increase in sub-foveal choroidal thickness in the active subgroup more than the inactive subgroup. In addition, a decrease in central foveal thickness was found in patients with TAO compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference found between active and inactive subgroups.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that there is a significant affection of sub-foveal choroidal thickness and central foveal thickness in thyroid-associated-ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients.
Comparison of the Central Corneal Thickness between a Scheimpflug Imaging-Based Device and an Optical Measurement-Based Device
Authors: El Raggal Tamer Mohamed , Mostafa Mouamen Mohamed , Fayez Aziz Bassem , Hanna Youssef Wadie Labib 
Published: August 2023

Background
Central corneal thickness is a critical parameter in corneal evaluation for a wide range of purposes in ophthalmology such as refractive surgeries including LASIK, cataract surgeries to assess endothelial pump function preoperatively to preserve the corneal transparency, and glaucoma in terms of diagnosis, management and follow up to avoid over/underestimation of intraocular pressure due to variations in CCT.

Aim of the Work
The study will investigate the discrepancy in measuring the CCT between Scheimpflug imaging using the Nidek AL-Scan and optical pachymetry using the Nidek Specular Microscope CEM-530.

Patients and Methods
In our study, we compared CCT measurements of both devices among 70 eyes of 35 normal subjects with a nonsignificant past ocular history. All subjects attended Ophthalmology Department at Ain Shams University Hospitals and all measurements were taken by the same examiner at the same time of the day. Our study is an observational comparative crosssectional study for six months in Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt after approval of the research ethical committee on normal people without any history of ocular pathology except for refractive errors.

Results
The mean age of the study subjects was 29.49 ± 7.98 years (range 20-48 years). Regarding age, sex, and refraction, there was no statistically significant difference between CCT measurements by each individual device. However, there was a statistically significant difference between CCT measurements when compared by both devices. The difference between the mean ± SD of both devices was 7.17 ± 0.98 µm.

Conclusion
There is a statistically significant difference in central corneal thickness measurement between Nidek AL-Scan and Nidek Specular Microscope CEM-530. Several studies are needed to further correlate CCT with other parameters measured by both devices, namely anterior chamber depth and axial length.
Role of Proxmal Femoral Locked Plating for Peritrochanteric Fractures (Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis)
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Nageeb , Selim Ahmed Samir Mahmoud , Kamel Ahmed Sami 
Published: August 2023

Background
In this study we performed a systematic review aiming to evaluate the efficacy of proximal femoral locked compression plate in treatment of peritrochanteric fractures as regard it’s indications, functional, radiological outcomes and possible complications.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted by using the databases MEDLINE, Cochrane library using the papers about the role of proximal femoral locked plate for treatment of peritrochanteric fractures starting on 2000 till 2021.

Results
According to the search strategy, 18 studies that covered 746 patients. PFLCP could offer optimum fixation of comminuted and highly unstable fractures that are associated with more shearing and pull-out forces

Conclusions
From this study, PFLCP shows overall good clinical and radiological outcomes in treatment of patients with peritrochanteric fractures who are osteoprotic and/or have unstable complex comminuted fractures (Comminution of the lateral trochanteric wall, postero-medial communition, reverse oblique fractures and in revision surgeries) without significant complications.