bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an evidence-based training for educators on bystander intervention for the prevention of violence against LGBTI+ youth
Authors: Rios-Gonzalez Oriol , Peña-Axt Juan Carlos , Legorburo-Torres Guillermo , Avgousti Andreas , Sancho Laura Natividad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch shows that teachers and educators receive scarce scientific evidence-based training and tools to implement effective strategies to stop and prevent violence against LGBTI+ youth in educational institutions. Nonetheless, no data examines pedagogical contents and training initiatives that are providing these professionals with effective strategies and skills. This paper will cover this gap by gathering data on the impact of training workshops that were carried out in five European countries as part of a REC programme project. These workshops were designed to train educators in formal and non-formal contexts about scientific evidence-based content aimed at reaching social impact, such as bystander intervention and the dialogic model of violence prevention. As part of the training, they participated in the debate of a scientific article first hand, thus engaging with direct research. The content, organisation and instruments for data collection were co-created with relevant end-users and researchers who engaged at different meetings in an Advisory Committee. Aimed at collecting the impact of this training, 208 online pre- and post-questionnaires, and 12 semi-structured interviews were analysed. Results show that participants gain knowledge and confidence empowering themselves as active agents in the problem. Thanks to this co-creative and community science approach, participants affirmed they are thinking of applying upstander actions in their working contexts. The trust in the rigour of the content and the interest sparked towards science are also expressed.
Linguistic and discursive properties of hate speech and speech facilitating the expression of
hatred
Authors: Määttä Simo K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Examples of posts from three Finnish (236 posts) and one French (410 posts) discussion threads are analyzed with
regard to lexicon, grammar, speech acts, and topoi. The aim is to illustrate the different means used to express hatred or speech
pertaining to ideological and thematic spaces in which the expression of hatred may be legitimized. The examples represent
everyday discourse, which is an influential arena for the materialization of ideologies. Given the lack of linguistic and
discursive tools used exclusively to express or legitimize hatred, doing research on hate speech always entails taking a specific
ideological stance: neither linguistics nor pragmatics or discourse studies can provide a definition of hate speech that is valid
in all contexts. Triangulating different methodological and theoretical perspectives is necessary to produce convincing research
results.
Rejecting noise in Baikal-GVD data with neural networks
Authors: Kharuk I. , Rubtsov G. , Safronov G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Baikal-GVD is a large (∼ 1 km3) underwater neutrino
telescope installed in the fresh waters of Lake Baikal. The deep
lake water environment is pervaded by background light, which is
detectable by Baikal-GVD's photosensors. We introduce a neural
network for an efficient separation of these noise hits from the
signal ones, stemmng from the propagation of relativistic particles
through the detector. The model has a U-Net-like architecture and
employs temporal (causal) structure of events. The neural network's
metrics reach up to 99% signal purity (precision) and 96% survival
efficiency (recall) on Monte-Carlo simulated dataset. We compare the
developed method with the algorithmic approach to rejecting the
noise and discuss other possible architectures of neural networks,
including graph-based ones.
Synthesis, properties and mechanism of carbon dots-based nano-antibacterial materials
Authors: Zhu Haimei , Peng Nannan , Liang Xiao , Yang Song , Cai Shenghao , Chen Zifan , Yang Yang , Wang Jingmin , Wang Yongzhong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of diseases, but bacterial resistance caused by their widespread and unreasonable use has become an urgent problem in clinical treatment. With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the development of nanomedicine has been transformed into a new approach to the problem of bacterial resistance. As a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted the interest of antibacterial researchers due to their ease of preparation, amphiphilicity, facile surface functionalization, and excellent optical properties, among other properties. This article reviewed the synthesis methods and properties of various CDs and their composites in order to highlight the advancements in the field of CDs-based antibacterial agents. Then we focused on the relationship between the principal properties of CDs and the antibacterial mechanism, including the following: (1) the physical damage caused by the small size, amphiphilicity, and surface charge of CDs. (2) Photogenerated electron transfer characteristics of CDs that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in themselves or in other compounds. The ability of ROS to oxidize can lead to the lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, as well as damage proteins and DNA. (3) The nano-enzyme properties of CDs can catalyze reactions that generate ROS. (4) Synergistic antibacterial effect of CDs and antibiotics or other nanocomposites. Finally, we look forward to the challenges that CDs-based nanocomposites face in practical antibacterial applications and propose corresponding solutions to further expand the application potential of nanomaterials in the treatment of infectious diseases, particularly drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Colon-targeted EMSCs conditional medium hydrogel for treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Zhang Xingxing , Qi Liuyao , Wang Zhe , Wu Weijiang , Feng Wenjing , Gu Yahan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Oral ecto-mesenchymal stem cells-conditional medium (EMSCs-CM) is a promising strategy for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, this therapy is currently limited by the harsh gastrointestinal environment and poor colonic targeting ability. Herein, a glutamine transaminase 2 (TG2) crosslinked EMSCs-CM hydrogel (EMSCs-CM-Gel) was fabricated by combining EMSCs-CM with negatively charged γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) hydrogel. Intestinal epithelial cell 6 (IEC-6) was applied to construct a cell model with lipopolysaccharide to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of EMSCs-CM in vitro. The crosslinked gel was orally administered to mice in liquid form to access the effects of EMSCs-CM-Gel in vivo. This study was based on the fact that the hydrogel containing EMSCs-CM has negative charges, which ensure it remains at the positively charged inflamed colon tissue. The EMSCs-CM could continuously be released in the damaged colon mucosa along with the degradation of the γ-PGA hydrogel. Immunofluorescence and western blot were performed to assess the effects of EMSCs-CM-Gel on mice. The results in vivo showed that EMSCs-CM-Gel could significantly suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines, prevent the shortening of the length of the intestine and repair the intestinal barrier. Collectively, our findings provided a novel colon-targeted strategy, hoping to benefit UC patients a lot.
3D-bioprintable endothelial cell-laden sacrificial ink for fabrication of microvessel networks
Authors: Cheng Kun-Chih , Theato Patrick , Hsu Shan-hui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although various research efforts have been made to produce a vascular-like network structure as scaffolds for tissue engineering, there are still several limitations. Meanwhile, no articles have been published on the direct embedding of cells within a glucose sensitive sacrificial hydrogel followed by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting to fabricate vascular structures. In this study, the hydrogel composed of reversibly crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and dithiothreitol with borax and branched polyethylenimine was used as the sacrificial hydrogel to fabricate vascular-like network structure. The component proportion ratio of the sacrificial hydrogel was optimized to achieve proper self-healing, injectable, glucose-sensitive, and 3D printing properties through the balance of boronate ester bond, hydrogen bond, and steric hinderance effect. The endothelial cells (ECs) can be directly embedded into sacrificial hydrogel and then bioprinted through a 110 μm nozzle into the neural stem cell (NSC)-laden non-sacrificial hydrogel, forming the customized EC-laden vascularized microchannel (one-step). The EC-laden sacrificial hydrogel was dissolved immediately in the medium while cells kept growing. The ECs proliferated well within the vascularized microchannel structure and were able to migrate to the non-sacrificial hydrogel in one day. ECs and NSCs interacted around the vascularized microchannel to form capillary-like structure and vascular-like structure expressing CD31 in 14 d. The sacrificial hydrogel conveniently prepared from commercially available chemicals through simple mixing can be used in 3D bioprinting to create customized and complex but easily removable vascularized structure for tissue engineering applications.
Enhancing the damping effect of MRF damper using an external magnetic excitation system
Authors: Badri Yousif , Alhams Amir , Sassi Sadok , Hussein Mohammed , Renno Jamil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The magnetic field generated by the damper’s magnetic circuit governs the yield stress value of the Magnetroholgical Fluid (MRF) damper and hence its damping effect. This paper contributes to the literature on the development of MRF dampers by introducing a new design feature to improve the damper’s performance. The presented novel feature tends to amplify the magnetic field value and concentrate its flux within the MR fluid region. The excitation sources consist of 12 coils placed in radial directions surrounding the MRF to focus the energizing magnetic effects. However, the search for efficient solutions is not only focused on generating more energy but also on minimizing its loss. Therefore, a metallic ring was placed around the coils to close the magnetic circuit, guide the flux lines, and avoid any energy dispersion to the surrounding air. As a proof of concept, two materials were tested for the surrounding ring: plastic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and mild steel. The performance of both solutions was assessed experimentally with a Gaussmeter and numerically by using a model developed via COMSOL Multiphysics. Both techniques confirmed the efficiency of the solution based on a steel ring in preventing the flux dispersion into the surrounding air. In addition, an increase of the excitation current from 0 to 5A was found to elevate the magnetic field by 35%, compared with the ABS ring. In the second step, a test rig was designed and built to investigate the damping efficiency of the MRF experimentally. The testing apparatus consisted of a sliding-bearing mechanism connected to a variable speed motor. The damping effect was assessed based on the force and displacement data provided by a linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT) and a force cell. Damping forces were observed at a constant frequency of 0.36 Hz (22 rpm) when the testing system and the attached damper were functioning smoothly away from its resonant frequency. Moreover, the magnetic field excitation current was elevated from 0 A to 5 A with a 1 A step. Again, the metallic ring was found to produce a 112% greater damping coefficient than the case of the plastic ring when the excitation current reached 5A.
Combining field and remote sensing data to estimate forest canopy damage and recovery following tropical cyclones across tropical regions
Authors: Bloom Dellena E , Bomfim Barbara , Feng Yanlei , Kueppers Lara M 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs tropical forests cycle the most water and carbon, it is crucial to understand the short- and long-term effects of intensifying cyclones on these ecosystems. Soil nutrient status has been shown to moderate forest cyclone responses using field litterfall measurements, but litterfall is one of the multiple cyclone impact metrtics, which may or may not be correlated with one another or with site nutrients. We used remotely sensed vegetation indices to quantify immediate damage and two-year recovery for 42 cases across nine tropical forests in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Australia, and Taiwan affected by 12 cyclones between 2004 and 2017. We tested whether changes in leaf area index (LAI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) correlated with changes in litterfall observations and how changes varied with total soil phosphorus (P) concentrations across regions. We compared cyclone-induced changes and recovery of LAI and EVI to litterfall observations compiled in a pantropical meta-analysis. We found large variation in changes in LAI and EVI across forests, with the greatest reductions in LAI (−77%) and EVI (−77%) in Mexico (Jalisco) and Puerto Rico, respectively. LAI (r= −0.52) and EVI (r= −0.60) changes correlated with those in litterfall across cases. Post-cyclone data showed recovery of LAI by four months, EVI by two months, and litterfall by ten months. We detected larger changes in LAI and EVI in forests with higher soil P, but these relationships were not significant when accounting for cyclone and site as random effects. Principal component analyses indicated a regional clustering of cases related to their contrasting cyclone regimes, with the frequency and intensity of cyclone events negatively correlated. Overall, remote sensing observations complement but do not substitute for ground observations that reveal cyclone damage and post-cyclone recovery in tropical forests, and soil phosphorus moderates some but not all metrics of stability in response to cyclones.
Performance Validity Testing on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: Base Rates of Failed Embedded Validity Indicators in the Adult Normative Sample
Authors: Karr Justin E , Pinheiro Cristina N , Harp Jordan P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this study was to determine the base rates of failing proposed embedded validity indicators (EVIs) for the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in the normative sample.

Method
Participants included adults in the NIHTB-CB normative sample with data to calculate age-adjusted standard scores (n = 855; ages: M(SD) = 46.9(17.3), range: 18–85; 65.0% women; education: M(SD) = 14.1(2.5) years) or demographically adjusted T-scores (n = 803; ages: M(SD) = 47.3(17.3), range: 18–85; 65.3% women; education: M(SD) = 14.2(2.5) years) for all tests. The NIHTB-CB includes two tests of crystallized cognition and five tests of fluid cognition. Individual norm-referenced test performances were categorized as falling above or below liberal and conservative cutoffs based on proposed univariate EVIs. The number of univariate EVI failures was summed to compute multivariable EVIs. EVI failure rates above 10% were considered high false-positive rates, indicating specificity &lt; .90. Using chi-square analyses, the frequencies of EVI failures were compared based on gender, race/ethnicity, education, and crystallized composite.

Results
The multivariable EVIs had predominantly low false-positive rates in the normative sample. EVI failure rates were most common among participants with low crystallized composites. Using age-adjusted standard scores, EVI failure rates varied by education, race/ethnicity, and estimated premorbid intelligence. These differences were mostly eliminated when using demographically adjusted T-scores.

Conclusions
Multivariable EVIs requiring ≥ 4 failures using liberal cutoffs or ≥ 3 failures using conservative cutoffs had acceptable false-positive rates (i.e., &lt; 10%) using both age-adjusted standard scores and demographically adjusted T-scores. These multivariable EVIs could be applied to large data sets with NIHTB-CB data to screen for potentially invalid test performances.
Of Risk and Threat: How the United States Perceives China’s Rise
Authors: Chang Jun Yan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Whether and how China’s rise renders it a threat has been an enduring study. Such literature may be categorised into four traditions: rationalist, structuralist, culturalist, and poststructuralist. Although these highlight the objective and subjective elements of China and its rise as a security concern, there is a puzzling scarcity of analyses that investigate the extent to which the USA itself has discursively constructed China as a security issue. To examine systematically what the USA has made of China, therefore, this article applies discourse analysis to US official security discourse. It finds that, whereas the US government has constructed China as a threat to its own national security as regards cybersecurity and economic competition, it has represented China’s rise to the international community only as a collective risk across the military, political, and economic sectors. This practice has been largely consistent since 2005, in spite of China’s so-called “assertive” turn. The article thereby clarifies the state of US–China competition from the US perspective.
Cumulative social disadvantage and cardiovascular disease burden and mortality
Authors: Hahad Omar , Gilan Donya A , Chalabi Julian , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Schuster Alexander K , Wicke Felix , Büttner Matthias , Tüscher Oliver , Lackner Karl J , Galle Peter R , Konstantinides Stavros , Daiber Andreas , Wild Philipp S , Münzel Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the association between cumulative social disadvantage and cardiovascular burden and mortality in a large cohort of the general population.

Methods and results
Cross-sectional (n = 15 010, aged 35 to 74 years, baseline investigation period 2007 to 2012) and longitudinal data (5- and 10-year follow-ups from 2012 to 2022) from the Gutenberg Health Study were used to investigate the association between individual socioeconomic status (SES, measured via a validated questionnaire) and cardiovascular disease (CVD, composite of atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and/or venous thromboembolism) risk and mortality. Subjects with prevalent CVD had a lower SES sum score, as well as lower education, occupation, and household net-income scores (all P &lt; 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis showed that a low SES (vs. high, defined by validated cut-offs) was associated with 19% higher odds of prevalent CVD [odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% CI 1.01; 1.40] in the fully adjusted model. At 5-year follow-up, low SES was associated with both increased cardiovascular [hazard ratio (HR) 5.36, 2.24; 12.82] and all-cause mortality (HR 2.23, 1.51; 3.31). At 10-year follow-up, low SES was associated with a 68% higher risk of incident CVD (OR 1.68, 1.12; 2.47) as well as 86% higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.86, 1.55; 2.24). In general, the education and occupation scores were stronger related to risk of CVD and death than the household net-income score. Low SES was estimated to account for 451.45 disability-adjusted life years per 1000 people (years lived with disability 373.41/1000 and years of life lost 78.03/1000) and an incidence rate of 11 CVD cases and 3.47 CVD deaths per 1000 people per year. The population attributable fraction for CVD incidence after 5 years was 4% due to low SES.

Conclusion
Despite universal healthcare access, cumulative social disadvantage remains associated with higher risk of CVD and mortality. Dimensions of education and occupation, but not household net income, are associated with outcomes of interest.
Conflicts among ecosystem services may depend on environmental awareness: a multi-municipality analysis
Authors: Yamada Yusuke , Yamaura Yuichi , Shimizu Katsuto , Murakami Wataru , Nanko Kazuki , Takayama Norimasa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Timber and non-timber ecosystem services (ESs) of forests can have trade-offs. These trade-offs are often influenced by local characteristics, and a higher awareness of local ESs among the location population could support forest management to supply ESs sustainably. This study examines trade-offs among timber and non-timber ESs in three adjacent municipalities in Japan where social contexts differ and discusses them in relation to the environmental awareness of each community. First, we explored the local awareness of the population of ESs in interviews. Then we produced maps of landslide prevention, sediment retention, and forest recreation ESs in plantations at 30-m resolution and classified forests according to evaluations of each ES. We overlaid the ES maps with a map of logging locations from the previous 5 years to calculate the logged ratio for each ES class. In a region with a long history of forestry, where awareness of ESs seems to be high, forests providing a wider range of ESs had a lower logged ratio than forests with lower ESs. In contrast, in a region in which contracted foresters from outside of that region were coordinating logging activities, even forests providing numerous ES had a high logged ratio. Thus, increasing awareness of ESs amongst the local population may lead to a more balanced use of ESs. Our results indicate that local governments would be best placed to raise awareness by educating forest enterprises or providing science-based information on ESs to foresters. We conclude that analyses of local ES trade-offs under consideration of the social context as presented here, is the first step towards developing and maintaining sustainable forest management principles.
The impact of parental involvement laws on minors seeking abortion services: a systematic review
Authors: Kramer Alisha , Ti Angeline , Travis Lisa , Laboe Adrienne , Ochieng Walter O , Young Marisa R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
On June 24, 2022, the US Supreme Court overturned the constitutional right to abortion in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization. Minors are a vulnerable population with a high risk of unintended pregnancy who are likely to be disproportionately affected by abortion restrictions. Examining the impact of historical abortion restrictions in minors may provide insight into the anticipated effects of the Dobbs decision. This study is a systematic review examining the impact of parental involvement (PI) laws on minors seeking abortion services. Our review suggests an association between PI laws and decreased abortion rates. Parental involvement laws also may increase pregnancy and birth rates and out-of-state travel for abortion procedures and lead to later abortions, although effects appear to be heterogenous.