bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fission yeast Swi2 designates cell-type specific donor and stimulates Rad51-driven strand exchange for mating-type switching
Authors: Maki Takahisa , Thon Geneviève , Iwasaki Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A haploid of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe expresses either the P or M mating-type, determined by the active, euchromatic, mat1 cassette. Mating-type is switched by Rad51-driven gene conversion of mat1 using a heterochromatic donor cassette, mat2-P or mat3-M. The Swi2-Swi5 complex, a mating-type switching factor, is central to this process by designating a preferred donor in a cell-type-specific manner. Swi2-Swi5 selectively enables one of two cis-acting recombination enhancers, SRE2 adjacent to mat2-P or SRE3 adjacent to mat3-M. Here, we identified two functionally important motifs in Swi2, a Swi6 (HP1 homolog)-binding site and two DNA-binding AT-hooks. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the AT-hooks were required for Swi2 localization at SRE3 to select the mat3-M donor in P cells, while the Swi6-binding site was required for Swi2 localization at SRE2 to select mat2-P in M cells. In addition, the Swi2-Swi5 complex promoted Rad51-driven strand exchange in vitro. Taken together, our results show how the Swi2-Swi5 complex would localize to recombination enhancers through a cell-type specific binding mechanism and stimulate Rad51-driven gene conversion at the localization site.
DiSiR: fast and robust method to identify ligand–receptor interactions at subunit level from single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Vahid Milad R , Kurlovs Andre H , Andreani Tommaso , Augé Franck , Olfati-Saber Reza , de Rinaldis Emanuele , Rapaport Franck , Savova Virginia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost cell–cell interactions and crosstalks are mediated by ligand–receptor interactions. The advent of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques has enabled characterizing tissue heterogeneity at single-cell level. In the past few years, several methods have been developed to study ligand–receptor interactions at cell type level using scRNA-seq data. However, there is still no easy way to query the activity of a specific user-defined signaling pathway in a targeted way or to map the interactions of the same subunit with different ligands as part of different receptor complexes. Here, we present DiSiR, a fast and easy-to-use permutation-based software framework to investigate how individual cells are interacting with each other by analyzing signaling pathways of multi-subunit ligand-activated receptors from scRNA-seq data, not only for available curated databases of ligand–receptor interactions, but also for interactions that are not listed in these databases. We show that, when utilized to infer ligand–receptor interactions from both simulated and real datasets, DiSiR outperforms other well-known permutation-based methods, e.g. CellPhoneDB and ICELLNET. Finally, to demonstrate DiSiR’s utility in exploring data and generating biologically relevant hypotheses, we apply it to COVID lung and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium scRNA-seq datasets and highlight potential differences between inflammatory pathways at cell type level for control versus disease samples.
Challenges and Approaches to High-Level Isolation Unit Staffing and Just-in-Time Training: A Meeting Report
Authors: Herstein Jocelyn J , Stern Katie , Flinn Jade , Garland Jennifer A , Lowe Abigail E , Sauer Lauren M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn November 2022, the National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center hosted a virtual session with global high-level isolation unit (HLIU) representatives to discussHLIU staffing challenges and approaches. Takeaways are relevant to healthcare institutions seeking solutions to recruit and retain their healthcare workforce amid unprecedented global staffing shortages.
Gays on Broadway
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
From the genteel female impersonators of the 1910s to the raucous drag queens of La Cage Aux Folles, from the men of The Normal Heart to the women of Fun Home, and from Eva Le Gallienne and Tallulah Bankhead to Tennessee Williams and Nathan Lane, this book chronicles the plays and people that brought gay culture to Broadway. The text follows the steady liberation of gay themes on the American stage. The story begins in the early twentieth century, when gay characters were virtually banned from productions. The 1920s saw a flurry of plays closed on moral grounds as well as the Wales Padlock Act, which forbade representation of “sex degeneracy”. While authorities made consistent attempts to shutter the movement, the public remained curious, and after a few decades of war making, a truce broke out when The Boys In the Band became a national smash hit. From this point on, gay theatre proved simply too popular to abolish. With this change, theatre was graced with a host of unforgettable characters—from thrill killers to historical figures to drag performers, as well as professional gays (such as the defiantly effeminate window dresser in Kiss of the Spider Woman), closeted gays, and those run-of-the-mill citizens who don't reside entirely within the colorful nonconformist identity (such as the two male lovers in the dinner-theatre comedy Norman, Is That You?). Spoken plays and musicals, playwrights, directors, and actors all played their part in popularizing the gay movement through art.
The 1930s
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the prominent gay performers in the 1930s. It starts with Eva Le Gallienne, who instituted the revolving-repertory model on Broadway and founded the Civic Repertory Theatre. Meanwhile, Cole Porter has been recognized as one of the most cynical hetero-married gays as his ballads were often obsessed or fatalistic. The chapter also considers the threat of the Wales Padlock Law that was designed to block any depiction of gay life to the public. In response, theatre people have devised ways to skip the law with performances such as Thomas H. Dickinson's Winter Bound (1929) and Mordaunt Shairp's The Green Bay Tree (1933).
The 1980s
Authors: Mordden Ethan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the styles presented in theatre during the 1980s. It discusses the eccentric themes of several plays such as Salammbo’s (1985) and Camille (1973) which were featured at the Ridiculous Theatrical Company under the guidance of Charles Ludlam. Ludlam’s style proved to be extremely influential in the comic wing of experimental theatre. Moreover, the Ridiculous Theatrical Company continued Ludlam’s repertory even after his passing, and Charles Busch inherited his style. Busch also moved into a Broadway postwar mainstream comedy style. The chapter also considers why gays are enthusiastic about musicals and raises the theory that young gay people needed an angle and musicals make a person smart. A New Brain (1998) presented a piece with clever lyrics and complex character relationships based on antagonism. Finally, the chapter covers examples of gay themes in theatres like the works of Stephen Sondheim.
The Fundamentalist Work Ethic
Authors: Lynn Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter lays out the background context of the book’s larger tracing of changes in work orientations. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, white conservative Protestants began diverging from both other Protestants and the larger American social order. A combination of forces exerted a lasting shape on the conservative Protestantism that crystallized at the beginning of the twentieth century: an inward-focused Keswick theology, the world-rejecting apocalypticism of dispensationalist theology, and growing social distance from the rapidly shifting demographics of the United States. This chapter examines lay-directed religious texts speaking to ideas of work, economics, and career in order to inductively construct a “fundamentalist work ethic” taking form among conservative Protestants of the era. This work ethic subordinated work to contemplative piety and the urgency of evangelism. A larger analysis suggests that fundamentalist theology failed to offer a priestly religion for capitalism due to its focus on eschatology and personal duties to channel wealth toward supporting missionary work. This chapter concludes with a review of the enduring effects of the fundamentalist work ethic as a cultural orientation promoted by the evangelist Billy Graham and other neo-evangelical efforts.
Evolutionary Success
Authors: McShea Daniel W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
“Success” is a value term, but which values are relevant to evolutionary success? This chapter presents a conceptual scheme identifying six alternative value bases, six alternative sources of value in the world: God, reason, nature, the unique human individual, culture, and human nature. Only two are relevant to a contemporary discussion of evolutionary success. One is the human nature basis in which success is understood in terms of things that all humans value, commonalities in our values arising from our shared affective profile. The other is a value basis rooted in nature, in the tendencies present in the evolutionary process—in other words, what the process favors or “values,” with value understood in a metaphorical sense. The chapter offers a list of possible variables that might be favored by the process, along with some suggestions for how to investigate them empirically (and warnings about how not to).
Human Success
Authors: Hourdequin Marion 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Success is a teleological concept, defined in terms of a particular type of goal or outcome. From a biological point of view, organism-level evolutionary success is typically defined in relation to organismic fitness. At the species level, success might be assessed based on the persistence or proliferation of a particular species. This chapter argues that neither a persistence nor a proliferation approach to human success adequately captures the ethical dimensions of human success, and thus neither is satisfactory as a general conception of human success. For example, biological conceptions of human success that focus on persistence and proliferation of Homo sapiens relative to other species cannot be easily squared with broader conceptions of human success that focus on the ethical value of humans’ coexistence with other species. Prominent biological conceptions of success, though appropriate for certain contexts, can’t account for the diverse ways that human success might reasonably be conceived.
Introduction
Authors: Sorett Josef 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCentrally, this text invites closer consideration of the terms through which “The Black Church,” as both an institution and an idea, has been conceived of within black social life and beyond. Through an assessment of the online debate surrounding Eddie Glaude’s “The Black Church Is Dead,” the introduction highlights the ways in which The Black Church has figured within the academy and in American public life, but also specifically in the context of the field of Black Studies. Generally, Black Studies has adopted an ostensibly secular orthodoxy, where the analytical category of religion—and Afro-Protestantism in particular—has often remained undertheorized. In setting the stage for the chapters that follow, this introduction contends that Black Studies might benefit from a rethinking of its secularist assumptions, as Afro-Protestantism has for centuries comprised the center of a tradition of black theory and practice.
The Afterlives of Afro-Protestantism
Authors: Sorett Josef 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChapter 4 explores three more recent examples of Afro-Protestant modernity involving scholarship (via black religious studies in the 1980s), literature (via black cultural criticism in the 1990s), and, finally, black protest politics during the 2010s. In doing so, this chapter confirms the abiding powers of the religious and racial logics that animate a desire to decenter the church (as the perceived primary institutional context for black politics and culture), which surfaced anew during the rise of #BlackLivesMatter or the Movement for Black Lives. To do so, this final chapter revisits the respective foci of chapters 1, 2, and 3 (literature, politics, and scholarship) while underlining one of the book’s central claims: that attempts to decenter Afro-Protestantism, descriptive accounts of its decline, and polemics about its demise have often served as the very conditions of possibility for its persistence and reinvention. Ultimately, this chapter focuses on the ways in which a prevailing argument regarding the declining relevance of religion in modern black life has functioned, often by design, to make a claim for a renewed role for religion (and often black churches specifically) in the present moment.
The Kingdom of Lydia
Authors: Payne Annick 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chapter discusses the kingdom of Lydia, a major Anatolian power in the first millennium bc, famous for its wealth and especially for the invention of coinage. Lydia dominated western Asia Minor in the first half of the sixth century bc, closely interacting with its various Near Eastern and Greek neighbors, until the defeat of its final king Croesus at the hands of Cyrus II of Persia. Tales of Lydia’s last ruling dynasty, the so-called Mermnad Dynasty from Gyges to Croesus, have influenced European literature since Classical times, while information about this clan is only now emerging from Lydian texts, as recent advances in Lydian philology and archaeology are readjusting the research focus on Lydia’s Near Eastern heritage. After introducing the region and the history of its settlement, the chapter presents the Lydian language, the extant Lydian inscriptions, and the other available sources that inform the subsequent overview of the history of this influential state.
Early Saba and Its Neighbors
Authors: Nebes Norbert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAt the beginning of the first millennium bc, highly developed polities using alphabetic writing and monumental architecture emerged on the fringes of the central Yemeni highlands in the large dry deltas leading into the desert. The most important of these was the state of the Sabeans, who sent their caravans from their capital Marib along the Incense Route to the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia. The chapter focuses on the period from 800 to 400 bc, when Saba ruled large parts of South Arabia. The rich epigraphic documentation and especially the deed reports of the two Sabaean rulers Yiṯa‘’amar and Karib’il provide insight into a historical scenario characterized by wars and mutual alliances of the Sabeans with their South Arabian neighbors, as well as into the concept of Sabaean domination. On the basis of current archaeological and epigraphic research, special attention is also given to the topography of the oasis of Marib and nearby Sirwah, Saba’s second center in this period, as well as on the immigration of Sabaeans to Eritrea and Ethiopia and their center in Yeha in the Tigrayan highlands.
The Persian Empire under the Achaemenid Dynasty, from Darius I to Darius III
Authors: Potts D. T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Founded by Darius I, the Achaemenid Dynasty ruled over an empire stretching, at its greatest extent, from Libya to India, and from Central Asia and the Caucasus to Upper Egypt. The direct and indirect descendants of Darius maintained power for nearly two centuries, until the Macedonian conqueror, Alexander the Great, defeated the last Achaemenid king, Darius III, and his short-lived successor, Artaxerxes V. Over the course of its existence, the Achaemenid Dynasty suffered numerous internal and external shocks, ranging from palace coups to foreign attack. Using a far-flung system of provincial governors (satraps) to enforce order and crush rebellions, it was generally successful, even if reversals in Greece, and their descriptions by Greek historians, colored later views of their state as a decadent and scarcely credible empire. Egypt and Asia Minor proved particularly difficult, and witnessed numerous revolts, but the capitals of the Persian Empire, in Iraq and western Iran (Babylon, Susa, Ecbatana, and Persepolis), were never threatened until the Macedonians brought war into the Persian heartland, and caused the downfall of what had been, up to that point, the largest empire in world history.
The Satrapies of the Persian Empire
Authors: Basello Gian Pietro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The satrapies of Persia (Old Persian Parsa) and Elam (Old Persian Uja) were at the core of the Persian Empire. While Persia roughly corresponds to the modern Iranian province of Fars, and Elam to the province of Khuzestan, their boundaries cannot be traced precisely on a map. They housed two iconic centers of power, from where most of the known royal inscriptions of the Achaemenid Dynasty originate: in Persia, the monumental complex of Persepolis (Parsa, modern Takht-e Jamshid), and in Elam, the ancient city of Susa (modern Shush). It is in these cities that one can best observe the entanglement of Elamite and Iranian cultural elements that shaped the creation and consolidation of the Persian Empire. Persia occupied the land surrounding the ancient Elamite city of Anšan, situated in the same high plain as the later foundation of Persepolis, and various groups of Persians are attested in Susa before the rise of the Persian Empire. Beyond Susa and Persepolis, lowland Susiana and the intermontane plains were key production areas for crop farming, fruit growing, and cattle breeding, as is documented in detail by the Persepolis Fortification tablets, a group of administrative texts primarily in the Elamite language. The classical authors, too, provide information on the satrapies of Persia and Elam and political events related to them, especially in connection with Alexander the Great and his army, reporting also on the mountain peoples living on these regions’ fringes.
The Satrapies of the Persian Empire
Authors: Traina Giusto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the history and the geography of Media and Armenia during the Persian imperial period, from the conquest of Media to the campaigns of Alexander the Great. From the very beginning, epigraphic evidence and literary sources connect Media and Armenia, and it is likely that the satrapy of Greater Media was subdivided into two main administrative units: Media (Old Persian Mada) and Armenia (Old Persian Armina). In turn, Armenia was subdivided into two further subunits: Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia. Whereas there is scanty evidence on Media, one can trace certain aspects of local power in Armenia, especially at the end of the fifth century bc with the rise of the Orontid rulers, which does not seem to result in the Persian Empire reconfiguring the satrapal system. However, in the course of fourth century bc, the ethnogenesis of the sub-Caucasian peoples profoundly changed the region’s geopolitical order.
The Satrapies of the Persian Empire
Authors: Heller André 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chapter provides an overview of the Persian Empire’s rule over Babylonia and Assyria, covering historical events as well as social and economic aspects. After his victory over the Babylonians, Cyrus the Great was given a ceremonial reception in Babylon and was staged in the inscription of the Cyrus Cylinder as their liberator from the unjust rule of Nabonidus, the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. This positive image of Cyrus is contrasted with other testimonies, and his success is explained by the fact that he did not intervene in the local administration or in the temples, which were important for the royal economy. Babylonia was a central satrapy of the Persian Empire and Babylon one of its main imperial residences. Nevertheless, there were revolts against Persian rule under Darius I and Xerxes I. The latter’s characterization as a despot, which was shaped by Herodotus and other classical authors, has recently seen revision. Although there is no archaeological evidence for his alleged destruction of temples, the cuneiform documentation nevertheless shows that administrative restructuring, changes concerning the temples, and a disentanglement between Southern and Northern Babylonia took place at that time, and this is best explained as consequences of the uprisings. Clear parallels to Cyrus’s actions can be seen in Alexander the Great. He, too, ceremonially entered Babylon after his victory over Darius III and staged himself as “king of Babylon.” Overall, the chapter draws an ambivalent picture of Persian rule over Babylonia, opening up perspectives for further research.
The Satrapies of the Persian Empire in Egypt
Authors: Agut-Labordère Damien 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For a long time dominated by Egypt, the historiography of the African holdings of the Persian Empire has in recent years given a more prominent role to Nubia and especially to Libya. This chapter shows that Cambyses, after defeating the last ruler of the Saite Dynasty (Twenty-sixth Dynasty), likely did not limit his ambitions to Egypt. However, the difficulty that the Persian Empire experienced throughout the fifth and fourth centuries bc in maintaining their power in the region was arguably a factor in why the Persian authorities chose to concentrate on the Nile valley. The variety and wealth of written sources discovered in Egypt make it one of the few satrapies where the functioning of the imperial administration is best documented at all levels of its action. The political investment of the Persian Empire in Egypt matches the strong presence of Egyptians throughout the imperial lands, notably in the military forces but also in the heart of power in Susa and Persepolis.
The Southeastern Regions of the Persian Empire on the Indo-Iranian Frontier
Authors: Callieri Pierfrancesco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter covers five territories of the Persian Empire, which in Bruno Jacob’s interpretation of the imperial territorial organization correspond to different degrees and concepts of administrative geography, with Arachosia representing the only “Great Satrapy.” While only Sattagydia still presents problems in its precise geographical identification, all these regions—except for Drangiana—belong to the “Indo-Iranian frontier,” for whose understanding the (rare) written sources must be combined with the representations of their peoples in the Persian Empire’s official art, especially as bearers of the imperial throne: their cultural orientation is evident in the fact that the Arachosian and the Drangianian are shown wearing Iranian dress, whereas the Sattagydian, the Gandaran, the Indian, and the Gedrosian wear Indian dress. The chapter endeavors to trace the manifestation of an imperial presence in the frontier satrapies through a detailed analysis of the archaeological sources, which show in particular the important role of Drangiana within the Iranian plateau. Due to methodological issues, the evidence from the sites of Charsada and Taxila is problematic. However, the sound methodology of the excavations at Kandahar, Akra, and Barikot allows for a more secure interpretation of the archaeological sequence, in which some features attesting to a Persian imperial presence can be isolated. The chapter therefore also stresses the need for renewed, methodologically sound excavations at Charsada and Taxila.
The Mandates
Authors: Matthiesen Toby 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the British and French mandates that operated on sectarian politics while treating Sunnis and Shia differently. It cites how the mandate period profoundly shifted relations between religious groups. The French, who were pro-Christians, alienated the Sunnis and fostered new senses of togetherness with Shii-leaning groups. On the other hand, the British adoption of Sunni biases towards the Shia led to the idea that Sunnis were more authentically “Arab” and less problematic partners. The chapter explains how the separate institutionalisation of Muslim communities strengthened confessional boundaries between them at a time when urbanisation and migration brought people into closer contact.