bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cut method on hypergraphs for the Wiener index
Authors: Klavžar Sandi , Romih Gašper Domen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cut method has been proved to be extremely useful in chemical graph theory. In this paper the cut method is extended to hypergraphs. More precisely, the method is developed for the Wiener index ofk-uniform partial cube-hypergraphs. The method is applied to cube-hypergraphs and hypertrees. Extensions of the method to hypergraphs arising in chemistry which are not necessaryk-uniform and/or not necessary linear are also developed.
Modals model models: scientific modeling and counterfactual reasoning
Authors: Dohrn Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCounterfactual reasoning has been used to account for many aspects of scientific reasoning. More recently, it has also been used to account for the scientific practice of modeling. Truth in a model is truth in a situation considered as counterfactual. When we reason with models, we reason with counterfactuals. Focusing on selected models like Bohr’s atom model or models of population dynamics, I present an account of how the imaginative development of a counterfactual supposition leads us from reality to interesting model assumptions; how it guides our reasoning from these assumptions to interesting consequences for the model scenario via counterfactual entailment; and how it leads us back to conclusions on real target phenomena.
Reinforcement of single-walled carbon nanotubes on polydimethylsiloxane membranes for CO2, O2, and N2 permeability/selectivity
Authors: Felemban Bassem Fareed , Iqbal Sadia Sagar , Bahadar Ali , Hossain Nazia , Jabbar Abdul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, PDMS incorporated with SWCNTs have been fabricated via solution casting method for industrial applications and characterized by the analyses of SEM, FTIR, TGA, AFM, and MST. The modified membranes were further analyzed for CO2, O2, and N2 gas permeability. The strategic membranes have five different weight ratios (0.013, 0.025, 0.038, 0.050, 0.063) compared to neat PDMS membranes. The even distribution of SWCNTs in PDMS provided results that showed improvement in thermal stability. However, mechanical strength has been weakened with increased concentration of nanofiller because of the increase in the number of SWCNTs by increases that imperfections become more severe. The designed polymeric membranes with good thermal stability and adequate mechanical strength can be used for the selectivity and permeability of CO2, O2, and N2 gases. The effect of the PDMS-SWCNTs on gas permeability has been studied. 0.063 wt.% SWCNTs presented the maximum permeability of CO2 gas while maximum O2 and N2 gas permeability have been obtained by 0.013 wt.% SWCNTs. The ideal selectivity of mixed (50:50) gas conditions has been tested. The maximum CO2/N2 ideal selectivity was obtained by 0.050 and 0.063 wt.% SWCNTs while maximum O2/N2 ideal selectivity obtained by 0.050 wt.% SWCNTs. Therefore, the fabrication of this novel SWCNTs-PDMS membrane may lead to separating the industrial exhaust and be used as a potential membrane for environmental remediation in the future.
The Ethics of Technology: How Can Indigenous Thought Contribute?
Authors: Weckert John , Bayod Rogelio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ethics of technology is not as effective as it should. Despite decades of ethical discussion, development and use of new technologies continues apace without much regard to those discussions. Economic and other forces are too powerful. More focus needs to be placed on the values that underpin social attitudes to technology. By seriously looking at Indigenous thought and comparing it with the typical Western way of seeing the world, we can gain a better understanding of our own views. The Indigenous Filipino worldview provides us with a platform for assessing our own core values and suggests modifications to those values. It also indicates ways for broadening and altering the focus of the ethics of technology to make it more effective in helping us to use technologies in ways more conducive to human well-being.
What is Hate Speech? The Case for a Corpus Approach
Authors: Lepoutre Maxime , Vilar-Lluch Sara , Borg Emma , Hansen Nat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContemporary public discourse is saturated with speech that vilifies and incites hatred or violence against vulnerable groups. The term “hate speech” has emerged in legal circles and in ordinary language to refer to these communicative acts. But legal theorists and philosophers disagree over how to define this term. This paper makes the case for, and subsequently develops, the first corpus-based analysis of the ordinary meaning of “hate speech.” We begin by demonstrating that key interpretive and moral disputes surrounding hate speech laws—in particular, surrounding their compatibility with the rule of law, democracy, and free speech—depend crucially on the ordinary meaning of “hate speech.” Next, we argue, drawing on recent developments in legal philosophy, that corpus linguistics constitutes a distinctively promising tool for ascertaining the ordinary meaning of “hate speech.” Finally, we offer a proof of concept, by outlining, and analyzing the interpretive and moral implications of, the first such study.
Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Lawsonia inermis Against Common Pathogens from Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Said Ahmed , Abu-Elghait Mohammed , Atta Hossam M. , Salem Salem S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNew and creative methodologies for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which are exploited in a wide range of consumer items, are of significant interest. Hence, this research emphasizes the biological approach of Ag-NPs through Egyptian henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) extracts and analysis of the prepared Ag-NPs. Plant extract components were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-mass). The analyses of prepared Ag-NPs were carried out through UV–visible (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. UV–Vis reveals that Ag-NPs have a maximum peak at 460 nm in visible light. Structural characterization recorded peaks that corresponded to Bragg’s diffractions for silver nano-crystal, with average crystallite sizes varying from 28 to 60 nm. Antibacterial activities of Ag-NPs were examined, and it is observed that all microorganisms are very sensitive to biologically synthesized Ag-NPs.
Toward an Enactive Conception of Productive Practices: Beyond Material Agency
Authors: Di Paolo Ezequiel A. , Lawler Diego , Vaccari Andrés Pablo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe examine the question of material agency as raised in material engagement theory (MET). Insofar as MET tends to highlight the causal roles played by extra-bodily material flows in human practices, the term “material agency” does not sufficiently distinguish cases in which these flows are part of an agentive engagement from cases in which they are not. We propose an operational criterion to effect such a distinction. We claim this criterion is organizational, i.e., systemic, and not causal. In the enactive account, agency requires three organizational conditions: self-individuation, interactional asymmetry, and normativity. These conditions can have organic, sensorimotor, and sociomaterial realizations. The dance of human productive practices is indeed spread between brains, bodies, and the world, as MET claims, but it is distributed in an organized manner that involves constraints and norms at various scales. We put forward a relational and non-anthropocentric perspective toward an enactive approach to productive practices. We discuss some aspects of agentive ensembles rendered more intelligible by our proposal, including incorporation, soft assembly and non-decomposability, and the grounding of teleology normative processes at multiple scales. In this manner, we seek to continue the dialog between MET and enactive theory, beginning with the view that a situated system must realize certain minimal organizational conditions to be called anagent.
Wirkung technischer und biologischer Kontexte auf das situationale Interesse beim Bearbeiten physikalischer Lernaufgaben zum Energiekonzept
Authors: Lewing Johannes , Klein Pascal , Schneider Susanne 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Förderung von Interessen gilt als wesentliches Ziel des naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts, sodass der kontextorientierte Unterricht vermehrt an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Anschließend an den empirischen Befund, dass die Orientierung fachlicher Inhalte an lebensweltliche Kontexte das Interesse von Schülerinnen und Schülern in Lernsituationen erhöhen kann, stellt sich die Frage, welche Kontexte für diesen Zweck besonders geeignet sind. In diesem Zusammenhang greift die vorliegende Untersuchung Argumente der Diskussion um fächerübergreifenden naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht auf und nutzt zur Einbettung von Lerninhalten Kontexte aus den Themenfeldern Biologie und Technik, die von Mädchen bzw. Jungen als interessant wahrgenommen werden. In einer Online-Studie ($$N=298$$

N
=
298

) wird systematisch geprüft, inwiefern aus diesen Themenfeldern stammende Kontexte in der Lage sind, das situationale Interesse während der Arbeit an Lernstationen zum Energiekonzept zu erhöhen und welchen Einfluss individuelle Faktoren diesbezüglich zeigen. Mehrebenenregressionen mit Random Intercept auf Personenebene zeigen einen positiven Einfluss biologischer Kontexte auf das emotionsbezogene situationale Interesse von Schülerinnen, während durch den Einsatz technischer Kontexte diese Komponente des situationalen Interesses bei Schülern gesteigert werden konnte. Die wertbezogene Komponente des situationalen Interesses kann ebenfalls durch Einsatz von Kontexten eines bevorzugten Themenfeldes erhöht werden. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass sich vor allem die emotionale Komponente des situationalen Interesses durch die Variation des Kontexts beeinflussen lässt, während die wertbezogene Komponente insbesondere durch das individuelle Interesse an Physik bedingt ist. Selbstkonzept und schulische Leistung zeigen unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Interessen keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Für die Schulpraxis wird die Bedeutung der Auswahl geeigneter Kontexte deutlich, um mit dem Aufzeigen der Relevanz fachlicher Inhalte potentiell stabile Interessen fördern zu können.
Shifting from Soft to Hard Law: Motivating Compliance When Enacting Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Sheehy Benedict , Khan Habib Zaman , Prananingtyas Paramita , Sophiana Sunarso Putri Philein 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA policy shift from soft law to hard law rests on assumptions about motivating compliance. The basic idea is that people comply with soft law for personal, moral reasons but are motivated to comply with hard law by self-interested fear. While logically this is obvious, there is also support for the view that self-determination, organisational justice and social influence are better at motivating compliance in certain contexts. Currently, there is a global policy shift moving corporate social responsibility (CSR) from a voluntary, organisation-based initiative to a practice mandated by law. This shift provides an opportunity to investigate the phenomenon of motivation in law. The current study investigates how the shift to mandatory CSR impacts motivation. Based on an analysis of the programs of 12 firms in Indonesia, we find that CSR hard law appears to motivate CSR without displacing voluntary moral initiatives.
Cryptostroma corticale and fungal endophytes associated with Fraxinus excelsior affected by ash dieback
Authors: Langer Gitta Jutta , Peters Sandra , Bußkamp Johanna , Bien Steffen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile assessing the filamentous fungi associated with woody tissues of stem collar rots, necroses, and lesions of European ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) presenting symptoms of ash dieback in Germany, Cryptostroma corticale was recovered from three different ash trees. These isolated strains were the first report of C. corticale on ash and the first proof of an association of this plant pathogen with woody tissues of other tree species than Acer spp. in Germany. To test the pathogenicity of C. corticale against F. excelsior and to fulfil Koch’s postulates, inoculation tests in planta with strains isolated from Acer pseudoplatanus and F. excelsior were conducted according to Henle–Koch’s postulates in a greenhouse located in Göttingen. The pathogenicity tests were performed with apparently healthy ash saplings from June 2021 until January 2022. After three and seven months, neither necroses or lesions due to C. corticale nor disease symptoms were observed. Mostly, the inoculation wounds healed over, and C. corticale could not be re-isolated from the ash woody tissue. In an attempt to re-isolate the inoculated strains, the filamentous fungal endophytes of the ash woody tissues were isolated and identified. A total of 32 taxa of the Ascomycota were found, where the most common species was Boeremia exigua. Most frequently observed orders were Pleosporales (58.4%), followed by Sordariales (13.5%), Hypocreales (9.4%), and Diaporthales (8.7%). On average, 3.7 endophytic species were recorded on each sapling.
Using Stakeholder Input to Guide Data Visualization and Reporting to Promote Evidence-based Practice Use in Public Schools
Authors: Locke Jill , Corbin Catherine M. , Cook Clayton R. , Ehrhart Mark G. , Davis Chayna , Lyon Aaron R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
High-quality implementation is crucial for students to reap the benefits of school-based evidence-based practices (EBP). Despite data being routinely used to support EBP delivery to students, there is a dearth of data-driven decision-making related to school-wide implementation of universal EBPs like Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS). The lack of specialized knowledge (e.g., what data to collect and how to interpret it) and systems (e.g., data teams) required to support data collection, analysis, and presentation act as barriers to school teams’ effective use of data to guide and be responsive to implementation efforts.

Methods
Guided by principles of human-centered design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 school-based implementation practitioners and stakeholders (principals, administrators, and expert intermediaries) to guide the development of data reports that provided information on a school or district’s implementation context (leadership, climate, and citizenship behavior).

Results
Four themes emerged from the interviews including: (1) interpretation and description of the report/feedback; (2) application of data to districts and/or schools; (3) reactions to the report; and (4) use of the report. The results of this qualitative case study point to the importance of incorporating stakeholder feedback as a methodology to ensure the end product (e.g., data report) is meaningful and applicable to the setting and has direct implications for how to incorporate stakeholder feedback to help shape and improve data visualization and interpretation for better use in schools’ decision-making process to support MTSS and other EBP implementation.

Conclusions
Practical implications related to report redesign and the utility of well-designed data products to support school-based implementation are discussed.
Review of the gravity model: origins and critical analysis of its theoretical development
Authors: Capoani Luigi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article presents a bibliographic review of the gravitational model in international trade from when it was first associated with Newton's law of universal gravitation. Firstly, I will introduce the concept of gravity in commerce as originally intended by Isard (Q J Econ 68(2):305–320, 1954) in relation to Tinbergen and Tobler’s approaches. Secondly, I will analyse the theoretical roots of international economics according to several authors, including McCallum, Anderson and van Wincoop, Krugman, Tranos, and Nijkamp. Thirdly, attention will be drawn to the evolution of the ideas of the authors mentioned above upon Isard’s initial approach rooted in physics. Furthermore, I will focus on how the tool rooted in physics can be applied or adapted to international trade. Throughout this article, I will try to keep the econophysical nature of this model.
Digitalization and economic growth in the new classical and new structural economics perspectives
Authors: Jia Weiping , Collins Alan , Liu Wenge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces ‘data elements’ into a neoclassical general equilibrium model and the new structural general equilibrium model to study the choice of economic growth paths for developing countries. It derives and compares a general expression for the economic growth rate in equilibrium within the two analytical frameworks following the introduction of digital development comprising primarily the data elements. Additionally, the optimal economic growth path for developing countries before and after the introduction of data elements under both frameworks is identified with important policy implications regarding direct technological progress with respect to the two alternative general equilibrium frame works. This study finds that: (1) No matter what kind of general equilibrium corresponding economic growth path the developing countries choose, the economic growth rate after the introduction of data elements will always be higher than before. (2) Developing countries find the optimal path of economic growth by comparing the different results of economic growth rates under the two analytical frameworks. This paper aligns with a view that when developing countries choose the path of economic growth, they need to combine their own endowment conditions and choose a new structural economics analysis framework for decision-making.
Que vaut un député ?
Authors: Buge Éric , Ollion Étienne 
Published: April 2023

RésuméCombien perçoivent vraiment les députés français pour leur activité parlementaire ? À cette question en apparence anodine, il est pourtant difficile d’apporter une réponse claire pour la majeure partie du xxe siècle. À partir d’un travail inédit mené dans diverses archives de l’Assemblée nationale, cet article propose une première estimation du revenu que les députés ont pu retirer de leur mandat, du début du xxe siècle à nos jours. Il démontre ainsi la fécondité de ces données pour l’historien, en ce qu’il contribue à répondre à trois interrogations liées : pourquoi est-il si complexe d’accéder à une information normalement publique ? Comment le revenu des parlementaires situe-t-il les élus dans l’échelle des revenus de la population française ? Enfin, que nous disent ces évolutions de l’indemnité (en termes de niveau comme de nature) sur le type d’activité qu’est la députation ? Ce faisant, l’étude éclaire certaines transformations de fond du métier politique.
The next ‘pandemic playbook’ needs to prioritize the needs of children—and a clear roadmap for opening schools
Authors: Branch-Elliman Westyn , Fisher Lloyd , Doron Shira 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The national influenza pandemic response plan includes short-term school closures as an infection mitigation measure, based on modeling data regarding the role of pediatric populations and schools as drivers of disease spread. Modeled estimates regarding the role of children and their in-school contacts as drivers of community transmission of endemic respiratory viruses were used in part to justify prolonged school closures throughout the United States. However, disease transmission models extrapolated from endemic pathogens to novel ones may underestimate the degree to which spread is driven by population immunity and overestimate the impact of school closures as a means of reducing child contacts, particularly in the longer-term. These errors, in turn, may have caused incorrect estimations about the potential benefits of closing schools on a society level while simultaneously failing to account for the significant harms of long-term educational disruption.
Pandemic response plans need to be updated to include nuances regarding drivers of transmission such as pathogen type, population immunity, and contact patterns, and disease severity in different groups. Expected duration of impact also needs to be considered, recognizing that effectiveness of different interventions, particularly those focused on limiting social interactions, are short-lived. Additionally, future iterations should include risk–benefit assessments. Interventions that are particularly harmful to certain groups, such as school closures are on children, should be de-emphasized and time limited. Finally, pandemic responses should include ongoing and continuous policy re-evaluation and should include a clear plan for de-implementation and de-escalation.
Effects of patient beliefs regarding the need for antibiotics and prescribing outcomes on patient satisfaction in urgent-care settings
Authors: Cziner Michael J. , Park Daniel E. , Hamdy Rana F. , Rogers Laura A. , Turner Monique M. , Liu Cindy M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We studied how patient beliefs regarding the need for antibiotics, as measured by expectation scores, and antibiotic prescribing outcome affect patient satisfaction using data from 2,710 urgent-care visits. Satisfaction was affected by antibiotic prescribing among patients with medium–high expectation scores but not among patients with low expectation scores.
The timing and ecological consequences of Pleistocene megafaunal decline in the eastern Andes of Colombia
Authors: Pym Felix C. , Franco-Gaviria Felipe , Espinoza Ismael G. , Urrego Dunia H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExamining the ecological consequences of the late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions within biodiversity hotspots is crucial for our understanding of the potential consequences of contemporary extinctions. We present the first multi-species record of spores of coprophilous fungi (SCF) from Monquentiva and the high-Andean forests of Colombia to reconstruct Late Pleistocene and Holocene megafaunal abundance. Fossilised pollen and charcoal are used to examine the consequences of megafaunal declines on the surrounding vegetation and fire activity. Our SCF record indicates the presence of Pleistocene megafauna at least since 30,290 BP, with two waves of megafaunal decline at ca. 22,900 BP and 10,990 BP. At Monquentiva, megafaunal decline in the Early Holocene resulted in transitional non-analogue vegetation, loss of some herbivore-dispersed plant taxa, an encroachment of palatable and woody flora, and a rise in fire activity. Differences with other published South-American records suggest that ecological consequences of megafaunal declines were habitat-specific. Overall, we show that ecosystems in the eastern Colombian Cordillera were highly sensitive to the decline of megafaunal populations. Under the current biodiversity crisis, management and conservation efforts must account for the effects of local herbivore declines on plant dispersal, on fire activity, and the potential loss of ecosystem services.