bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative photocatalytic degradation study of cationic and anionic dyes using ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst
Authors: Chand Mool , Barthwal Swapnil , Rawat Arun Singh , Khanuja Manika , Rawat Seema 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Semiconductor mediated photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution for dye degradation and environmental remediation. Zinc Indium Sulfide (ZnIn2S4, ZIS) is a benign, eco-friendly, visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, exhibiting excellent optoelectronic properties. In this work, we present a scalable, low temperature and template-free chemical aqueous solution method for the synthesis of ZIS. The obtained powder sample was used for a comparative dye degradation study of cationic (Malachite green) and anionic (Congo red) dye. The higher photocatalytic efficiency of ZIS is due to the higher BET surface area (55.042 m2 g−1) and low band gap (2.3 eV). Under Sunlight, almost 80 percent degradation occurs within 20 min of the experiment for both Malachite green (MG) and anionic Congo red (CR) dye, outperforming previously reported results. Scavenger studies were used to figure out the radicals involved in photocatalytic mechanics and to come up with viable photocatalytic degradation routes. The reusability and stability of ZIS were carried out up to the 5th cycles. Our result revealed that ZIS possesses high stability, reusability, and efficient potential to be an effective dye degradation photocatalyst.
Macromastia and Reduction Mammaplasty: Analysis of Outpatient Cost of Care and Opioid Consumption at 5 Years Postoperatively
Authors: Jabbari Kayvon , Gehring Michael B , Iorio Matthew L , Mathes David W , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Macromastia is associated with increased opioid consumption, which could potentially be the initial exposure for patients with an opioid use disorder amid an escalating opioid crisis in the United States.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate outpatient cost of care and opioid consumption in patients with macromastia and compare those who underwent reduction mammaplasty vs those who did not have surgery.

Methods
PearlDiver, a database encompassing a national cohort of private payers with 153 million unique patients, was queried. The study cohort included patients diagnosed with macromastia who did or did not undergo reduction mammaplasty utilizing both ICD-9 and ICD-10 and CPT codes. Outpatient cost of care and morphine milligram equivalents (MME) were calculated up to 5 years postoperatively for both cohorts.

Results
At 1 to 3 years postoperatively, there was no statistically significant difference in outpatient cost of care between cohorts. At every follow-up thereafter, outpatient cost of care was higher among macromastia patients who did not undergo reduction mammaplasty, with cohort differences of US$240.68 and US$349.90 at 4 years and 5 years, respectively (P &lt; .05). MME consumption was greater in patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty up to 30 days postoperatively (P &lt; .01). Beyond that, there was no significant difference in MME consumption between cohorts. However, patients who did not undergo surgery had opioid consumption levels above 50 MME/day until 3 years after diagnosis of macromastia.

Conclusions
Patients with macromastia who undergo reduction mammaplasty have lower outpatient care costs than patients who do not undergo reduction mammaplasty, with safer long-term opioid consumption in alignment with current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.
Abl kinase-mediated FUS Tyr526 phosphorylation alters nucleocytoplasmic FUS localization in FTLD-FUS
Authors: Motaln Helena , Čerček Urša , Yamoah Alfred , Tripathi Priyanka , Aronica Eleonora , Goswami Anand , Rogelj Boris 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nuclear to cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of multiple RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including FUS, are the main neuropathological features of the majority of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobular degeneration (FTLD). In ALS-FUS, these aggregates arise from disease-associated mutations in FUS, whereas in FTLD-FUS, the cytoplasmic inclusions do not contain mutant FUS, suggesting different molecular mechanisms of FUS pathogenesis in FTLD that remain to be investigated.
We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the C-terminal Tyr526 of FUS results in increased cytoplasmic retention of FUS due to impaired binding to the nuclear import receptor TNPO1. Inspired by the above notions, in the current study we developed a novel antibody against the C-terminally phosphorylated Tyr526 FUS (FUSp-Y526) that is specifically capable of recognizing phosphorylated cytoplasmic FUS, which is poorly recognized by other commercially available FUS antibodies.
Using this FUSp-Y526 antibody, we demonstrated a FUS phosphorylation-specific effect on the cytoplasmic distribution of soluble and insoluble FUSp-Y526 in various cells and confirmed the involvement of the Src kinase family in Tyr526 FUS phosphorylation. In addition, we found that FUSp-Y526 expression pattern correlates with active pSrc/pAbl kinases in specific brain regions of mice, indicating preferential involvement of cAbl in the cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUSp-Y526 in cortical neurons. Finally, the pattern of immunoreactivity of active cAbl kinase and FUSp-Y526 revealed altered cytoplasmic distribution of FUSp-Y526 in cortical neurons of post-mortem frontal cortex tissue from FTLD patients compared with controls. The overlap of FUSp-Y526 and FUS signals was found preferentially in small diffuse inclusions and was absent in mature aggregates, suggesting possible involvement of FUSp-Y526 in the formation of early toxic FUS aggregates in the cytoplasm that are largely undetected by commercially available FUS antibodies.
Given the overlapping patterns of cAbl activity and FUSp-Y526 distribution in cortical neurons, and cAbl induced sequestration of FUSp-Y526 into G3BP1 positive granules in stressed cells, we propose that cAbl kinase is actively involved in mediating cytoplasmic mislocalization and promoting toxic aggregation of wild-type FUS in the brains of FTLD patients, as a novel putative underlying mechanism of FTLD-FUS pathophysiology and progression.
Polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells are associated with acute T-cell-mediated rejection of the kidney transplant
Authors: Litjens Nicolle H R , van der List Amy C J , Klepper Mariska , Prevoo Fréderique , Boer Karin , Hesselink Dennis A , Betjes Michiel G H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Acute T-cell-mediated rejection (aTCMR) still remains a clinical problem after kidney transplantation despite significant improvements in immunosuppressive regimens. Polyfunctional T cells, i.e. T cells producing multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, are believed to be the most relevant T cells in an immune response. The aim of this study was to determine whether polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells are associated with aTCMR. In a case–control study, 49 kidney transplant recipients with a biopsy-proven aTCMR in the first year after transplantation were included, as well as 51 controls without aTCMR. Circulating donor-reactive T cells were identified by the expression of CD137 after short-term co-culture with donor antigen-presenting cells. Polyfunctional donor-reactive T cells were further characterized by dissection into different T-cell subsets encompassing the spectrum of naïve to terminally differentiated effector T cells. Prior to kidney transplantation, proportions of donor-reactive CD4+ (0.03% versus 0.02%; P &lt; 0.01) and CD8+ (0.18% versus 0.10%; P &lt; 0.01) CD137++ T cells were significantly higher in recipients with a biopsy-proven aTCMR versus non-rejectors. Polyfunctionality was higher (P = 0.03) in this subset of CD137-expressing T cells. These cells were predominantly of the EM/EMRA-phenotype, with polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++CD4+ T cells predominantly co-expressing CD28 whereas approximately half of the polyfunctional CD137++CD8+ T cells co-expressed CD28. In addition, at the time of aTCMR, polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++ CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells, were specifically decreased by 75% compared to before transplantation in recipients with as well as those without an aTCMR. Prior to transplantation, the proportion of polyfunctional donor-reactive CD137++ T cells is associated with the occurrence of a biopsy-proven aTCMR within the first year after transplantation.
Use of methylphenidate is associated with increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population: a nationwide nested case-control study
Authors: Eroglu Talip E , Halili Andrim , Arulmurugananthavadivel Anojhaan , Coronel Ruben , Kessing Lars Vedel , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup , Folke Fredrik , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aim
Methylphenidate, a sympathomimetic drug prescribed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is associated with cardiovascular events, but few studies have explored the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We investigated whether methylphenidate use is associated with OHCA in the general population.

Methods and results
Using Danish nationwide registries, we conducted a nested case-control study with OHCA cases of presumed cardiac causes and age/sex/OHCA-date-matched non-OHCA controls from the general population. Conditional logistic regression models with adjustments for well-known risk factors of OHCA were employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of OHCA by comparing methylphenidate use with no use of methylphenidate.
The study population consisted of 46 578 OHCA cases [median: 72 years (interquartile range: 62–81), 68.8% men] and 232 890 matched controls. Methylphenidate was used by 80 cases and 166 controls, and was associated with an increased OR of OHCA compared with non-users {OR: 1.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–2.40]}. The OR was highest in recent starters (OR≤180 days: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.28–5.23). The OR of OHCA associated with methylphenidate use did not vary significantly by age (P-value interaction: 0.37), sex (P-value interaction: 0.94), and pre-existing cardiovascular disease (P-value interaction: 0.27). Furthermore, the ORs remained elevated when we repeated the analyses in individuals without registered hospital-based ADHD (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.34–2.55), without severe psychiatric disorders (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.46–2.67), without depression (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.40–2.65), or in non-users of QT-prolonging drugs (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.27–2.54).

Conclusion
Methylphenidate use is associated with an increased risk of OHCA in the general population. This increased risk applies to both sexes and is independent of age and the presence of cardiovascular disease.
Hybrid breakdown in male reproduction between recently divergedDrosophila melanogasterpopulations has a complex and variable genetic architecture
Authors: Lollar Matthew J , Biewer-Heisler Timothy J , Danen Clarice E , Pool John E 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSecondary contact between formerly isolated populations may result in hybrid breakdown, in which untested allelic combinations in hybrids are maladaptive and limit genetic exchange. Studying early-stage reproductive isolation may yield key insights into the genetic architectures and evolutionary forces underlying the first steps toward speciation. Here, we leverage the recent worldwide expansion of Drosophila melanogaster to test for hybrid breakdown between populations that diverged within the last 13,000 years. We found clear evidence for hybrid breakdown in male reproduction, but not female reproduction or viability, supporting the prediction that hybrid breakdown affects the heterogametic sex first. The frequency of non-reproducing F2 males varied among different crosses involving the same southern African and European populations, as did the qualitative effect of cross direction, implying a genetically variable basis of hybrid breakdown and a role for uniparentally inherited factors. The levels of breakdown observed in F2 males were not recapitulated in backcrossed individuals, consistent with the existence of incompatibilities with at least three partners. Thus, some of the very first steps toward reproductive isolation could involve incompatibilities with complex and variable genetic architectures. Collectively, our findings emphasize this system’s potential for future studies on the genetic and organismal basis of early-stage reproductive isolation.
Effect of pomegranate peel extract on the reduction of heterocyclic amines and quality characteristics of mutton meatballs
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Shi Xixiong , Zhao Ruina , Tian Zhu , Zhang Li , Yu Qunli , Chen Cheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), rich in phenolic compounds, is an undervalued byproduct derived from processing pomegranates. However, there are very few studies on the inhibitory effect of PPE on harmful substances during meat processing. This study was intended to investigate the influence of different concentrations of PPE (0.50%, 1%, and 1.50%) on the generation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and some quality attributes in mutton meatballs. All samples with the addition of PPE (0, 0.50%, 1%, and 1.50%) were fried for different lengths of time (2.5 min and 5 min) at 175±5 °C, and the contents of fourteen HCAs, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and carbonyl values of fried mutton meatballs were evaluated. The results showed that samples fried at 2.5 min had a low HCA content, and the HCA content enhanced significantly when the frying time was increased from 2.5 to 5 min (P&lt;0.05). In comparison with the control group, PPE could significantly inhibit the generation of total HCAs in fried mutton meatballs (P&lt;0.05), and the total HCAs content decreased with increasing PPE concentration. PPE significantly reduced carbonyl and TBARS values in fried mutton meatballs (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, PPE resulted in a significant increase in a* and b* values as well as a decrease in L* values in fried mutton meatballs (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, PPE could inhibit the formation of HCAs and improve the quality of mutton meatballs, and could be considered as a natural inhibitor of HCAs in fried meat products.
Evidence of two mitochondrial lineages and genetic variability in forensically important Lucilia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Colombia
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Juliana , Pulgarín Díaz John Alexander , López-Rubio Andrés , Gómez-Piñerez Luz M , Rúa-Uribe Guillermo , Márquez Edna J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a blowfly with medical and forensic importance that shows genetic and color variation, however, these variations have not justified the description of new species. But in forensic entomology an accurate identification of species and subpopulations is crucial. We explored the genetic variation of L. eximia from eight localities, in five natural regions in Colombia using two mitochondrial fragments, including the standard locus for insect identification COI and the Cytb-tRNA-Ser-ND1 region. We found significant differentiation at COI and Cytb-tRNA-Ser-ND1 level, characterizing two lineages and revealing a deep and significant genetic split. High values of FST and genetic distances supported the two lineages. The origin of the divergence of L. eximia remains to discover. Examining whether the lineages have diverse ecological and biological behaviors could be a significant impact on the use of L. eximia in forensic and medical science. Our results could have relevant implications for the use of post-mortem interval estimation based on insect evidence, as well as our sequences improve the database used in DNA-based methods for identifying forensically important flies.
The representation of animal communication and language evolution in introductory linguistics textbooks
Authors: Wacewicz Sławomir , Pleyer Michael , Szczepańska Aleksandra , Ewa Poniewierska Aleksandra , Żywiczyński Przemysław 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe last three decades have brought a wealth of new empirical data and methods that have transformed investigations of language evolution into a fast-growing field of scientific research. In this paper, we investigate how the results of this research are represented in the content of the most popular introductory linguistic textbooks. We carried out a comprehensive computer-assisted qualitative study, in which we inspected eighteen English-language textbooks for all content related to the evolutionary emergence of language and its uniqueness in nature, in order to evaluate its thematic scope, selection of topics, theories covered, researchers cited, structural soundness, currency, and factual accuracy. Overall, we found that the content of interest lacks a defined canonical representation across the textbooks. The coverage of animal communication was relatively broad, with some recurring classic examples, such as vervet monkeys or honeybees; this content was mostly structured around the ‘design features’ approach. In contrast, the coverage of topics related to language origins and evolution was much less extensive and systematic, and tended to include a relatively large the proportion of content of historical value (i.e. creation myths, ‘bow-wow’ theories). We conclude by making recommendations for future editions of textbooks, in particular, a better representation of important frameworks such as signalling theory, and of current research results in this fast-paced field.
A Diagnostic Accuracy Study to Evaluate Standard Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Alone to Safely Rule Out Imported Malaria in Children Presenting to UK Emergency Departments
Authors: Bird Chris , Hayward Gail N , Turner Philip J , Merrick Vanessa , Lyttle Mark D , Mullen Niall , Fanshawe Thomas R ,   for the Paediatric Emergency Research in the UK and Ireland (PERUKI), Amenos Barraza Glenda , Ramlakhan Shammi , Shackley Fiona , Simmerson Mark , Wynne Emma , Tough Emma , Beer Sally , Brown Charlotte , Steensma Jiske , Blakey Sarah , Shone Eleanor , Foster Steve , Jacobs Michelle , Rineesh Mohamed , Palmer Katie , Thakker Manish , Morgan Jeff , Muller Jennifer , McEvoy Sophie , Browning Jen , Malik Kashif , Okoye Jude , Wong Shye-Wei , Diaba Cynthia , Hemraj Sudeepta , Patel Poonam , Lawson George , Knight Katie , McCartney Deborah , Tanto Paul , Fraser Lauren , Al-Rawi Sarah , Ghafoor Kazim , Nezafat Behrouz , Silva Ferreira Ana , Barrett Michael , Sivanenthiran Nilaksa , Jarman Heather , Jamall Erum , Davies Karen , Wasala Desha , Hadfield Sarah , Hartshorn Stuart 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Microscopy is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis but is dependent on trained personnel. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) form the mainstay of diagnosis in endemic areas without access to high-quality microscopy. We aimed to evaluate whether RDT alone could rule out imported malaria in children presenting to UK emergency departments (EDs).

Methods
UK-based, multi-center, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study. Included: any child &lt;16 years presenting to ED with history of fever and travel to a malaria-endemic country, between 01/01/2016 and 31/12/2017. Diagnosis: microscopy for malarial parasites (clinical reference standard) and RDT (index test). UK Health Research Authority approval: 20/HRA/1341.

Results
There were 47 cases of malaria out of 1,414 eligible cases (prevalence 3.3%) in a cohort of children whose median age was 4 years (IQR 2–9), of whom 43% were female. Cases of Plasmodium falciparum totaled 36 (77%, prevalence 2.5%). The sensitivity of RDT alone to detect malaria infection due to any Plasmodium species was 93.6% (95% CI 82.5–98.7%), specificity 99.4% (95% CI 98.9–99.7%), positive predictive value 84.6% (95% CI 71.9–93.1%) and negative predictive value 99.8% (95% CI 99.4–100.0%). Sensitivity of RDT to detect P. falciparum infection was 100% (90.3–100%), specificity 98.8% (98.1–99.3%), positive predictive value 69.2% (54.9–81.2%, n = 46/52) and negative predictive value 100% (99.7–100%, n = 1,362/1,362).

Conclusions
RDTs were 100% sensitive in detecting P. falciparum malaria. However, lower sensitivity for other malaria species and the rise of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 (pfhrp2/3) gene deletions in the P. falciparum parasite mandate the continued use of microscopy for diagnosing malaria.
Schistosomal appendicitis: a rare cause of a common surgical condition
Authors: Li Jia Xi Julian , Fan Howard Shihao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite the prevalence of schistosomiasis across the world, appendicitis secondary to schistosomiasis is a rarely encountered presentation even in endemic areas, let alone in developed Western countries. We report a case of a 34-year-old male in Australia with acute appendicitis and subsequent histopathology, demonstrating the presence of schistosome ova. The case highlights the difficulties in pre-operative diagnosis of this entity and the importance of its recognition for the practising surgeon, especially in the developed world, where this rare condition may be encountered because of changing global travel and migration patterns.
Internal hernia in the medial inguinal fossa with a concurrent indirect inguinal hernia: a case report
Authors: Shinohara Kentaro , Hattori Masaoki , Aono Keiya , Hirata Akihiro , Ito Ryogo , Yoshihara Motoi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A 51-year-old male was presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a dilated small intestine with a sac-like appearance in the right lower abdomen. An internal hernia in the inguinal area was found during emergency laparoscopic exploration. The incarcerated small intestine was gently reduced, and the internal hernia sac was located in the right medial inguinal fossa. An indirect inguinal hernia was identified just behind the dissected internal hernia sac. The internal hernia sac was resected, and the indirect inguinal hernia was repaired through a transabdominal preperitoneal approach. The patient had no recurrence of hernia within the 20 months of follow-up after the surgery. This is the first case of an internal hernia in the medial inguinal fossa with a concurrent indirect inguinal hernia. The topographical relationship of these two hernias suggested that an indirect inguinal hernia may cause an internal hernia in the medial inguinal fossa.
Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medically Attended Acute Respiratory Infection: The U.S. Naval Academy Experience
Authors: Millar Eugene V , Rossi Stephen P , Pollett Simon , Saperstein Adam K , Burgess Timothy H , Modi Jitendrakumar 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Medically attended acute respiratory infections (MAARI) at the U.S. Naval Academy increase during Plebe Summer, a training program for incoming freshmen. Because of COVID-19, extensive nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPI) were implemented during 2020 Plebe Summer.

Methods
We reviewed MAARI counts in weeks 22–45 from 2012 to 2020 and compared counts in pandemic (2020) vs. pre-pandemic (2012–2019) periods.

Results
From 2012 to 2019, an average of 1,642 MAARI cases occurred annually. In 2020, 443 MAARI cases occurred. NPI use was associated with a 77% reduction in MAARI.

Conclusions
During a high-risk military training period, routine NPI use was associated with a major reduction in MAARI.