bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic and attentional factors – not statistical regularities – contribute to word-selective neural responses with FPVS-oddball paradigms
Authors: Lochy Aliette , Rossion Bruno , Lambon-Ralph Matthew , Volfart Angélique , Hauk Olaf , Schiltz Christine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, a fast periodic oddball-like paradigm has proved to be highly sensitive to measure category-selective visual word representation and characterize its development and neural basis. In this approach, deviant words are inserted in rapid streams of base stimuli every nthoccurrence (e.g., Lochy et al., 2015). To understand the nature of word-selective representation and improve its measurement, we tested 22 adults with EEG, assessing the impact of discrimination coarseness (deviant words among nonwordsorpseudowords), the relative frequency of item repetition (set sizeoritem repetition controlled for deviant vs. base stimuli), and the nature of the orthogonal attentional task (focused or deployed spatial attention). In all stimulation sequences, base stimuli were presented at 10 Hz, with words inserted every 5 stimuli generating word-selective responses in the EEG spectra at 2 Hz and harmonics. Word-selective occipito-temporal responses were robust at the individual level, left-lateralized and sensitive to wordlikeness of base stimuli, being stronger in the coarser categorical contrast (among nonwords). Amplitudes were not affected by item repetition, showing that implicit statistical learning about a relative token frequency difference for deviant stimuli does not contribute to the word-selective neural activity, at least with relatively large stimulus set sizes (n=30). Finally, the broad attentional deployment task produced stronger responses than a focused task, an important finding for future studies in the field. Taken together, these results confirm the linguistic nature of word-selective responses, strengthen the validity and increase the sensitivity of the FPVS-EEG oddball paradigm to measure visual word recognition.HighlightsWord-selective responses measured in fast periodic visual stimulation with EEG are linguistic in natureWord-selective responses reflect prelexical or lexical processes depending on the contrast (words in nonwords or pseudowords respectively)Using sufficiently large sets (30 items) prevents the extraction of statistical regularities and hence, statistical learningUsing an orthogonal task involving broad, rather than focused, spatial attention increases amplitude of the neural responsesSensitivity of the paradigm to detect significant responses at the individual level is very good (95% for prelexical and about 80% for lexical word responses)
DNP-assisted solid-state NMR enables detection of proteins at nanomolar concentrations in fully protonated cellular environments
Authors: Costello Whitney N. , Xiao Yiling , Mentink-Vigier Frederic , Kragelj Jaka , Frederick Kendra K. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWith the sensitivity enhancements conferred by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), magic angle spinning (MAS) solid state NMR spectroscopy experiments can attain the necessary sensitivity to detect very low concentrations of proteins. This potentially enables structural investigations of proteins at their endogenous levels in their biological contexts where their native stoichiometries with potential interactors is maintained. Yet, even with DNP, experiments are still sensitivity limited. Moreover, when an isotopically-enriched target protein is present at physiological levels, which typically range from low micromolar to nanomolar concentrations, the isotope content from the natural abundance isotopes in the cellular milieu can outnumber the isotope content of the target protein. Using isotopically enriched yeast prion protein, Sup35NM, diluted into natural abundance yeast lysates, we optimized sample composition we find that modest cryoprotectant concentrations and fully protonated environments support efficient DNP. We experimentally validated theoretical calculations of the limit of specificity for an isotopically enriched protein in natural abundance cellular milieu. We establish that, using pulse sequences that are selective for adjacent NMR-active nuclei, proteins can be specifically detected in cellular milieu at concentrations in the hundreds of nanomolar. Finally, we find that maintaining native stoichiometries of the protein of interest to the components of the cellular environment may be important for proteins that make specific interactions with cellular constituents.
Epidemiology and comorbidity of hidradenitis suppurativa in Korea for 17 years: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lee Jong Won , Heo Yeon‐Woo , Lee Ji Hae , Lee Solam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with various metabolic and autoimmune diseases. The epidemiology has been analyzed in various studies worldwide. However, epidemiological data on HS for Asian populations are limited. This study aimed to analyze the change in the prevalence and incidence of HS over 17 years in South Korea using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. This study also evaluated the comorbidities in patients with HS. Population‐based data from the NHIS database of Korea were obtained between January 2003 and December 2019. Odds ratios were estimated to determine the association between comorbidities and HS during the study period. Hazard ratios for the risk of incident comorbidities in patients with HS were obtained using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis. This study included 45 511 patients with HS and 910 220 controls matched for age, sex, insurance type, and income level. The incidence rate of HS per 1 000 000 person‐years in Korea increased from 11.69 in 2003 to 78.78 in 2019. The annual prevalence per 1 000 000 people also increased from 34.68 in 2003 to 140.10 in 2019, showing a similar trend. Many comorbidities, including atopic, metabolic and end‐organ, autoimmune/inflammatory, and psychiatric diseases were associated with HS at baseline. In many diseases, the risk of incident comorbidities in patients with HS was higher than that in controls. The incidence and prevalence of HS in Korea have increased over the past 17 years. Various comorbidities, including allergic diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, vitamin D deficiency, and psychiatric diseases, were associated with HS. Physicians need to keep in mind and closely monitor these comorbidities in patients with HS.
Digitalization and inclusiveness of HRM practices: The example of neurodiversity initiatives
Authors: Walkowiak Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe transformation of the intelligence ecosystem associated with the digital transformation represents a critical juncture for diversity and inclusion (D&I). We present a multidisciplinary perspective on digital transformation and D&I that demonstrates that, in the context of automated decision making, where algorithmic biases and the standardisation of thought represent new risks, neurodiversity initiatives become a cornerstone for advancing D&I. Based on interviews with neurodiversity experts, we identify innovative ways to efficiently configure an inclusive organisational design targeting neurodiversity by leveraging technologies. We identify several properties of technologies that support D&I in neurodiversity initiatives: the neutralisation of biases during interviews, the development of digital support for physical and mental well‐being and the facilitation of different cognition modes. Finally, we critically discuss the risks and opportunities offered by various technologies in terms of performance evaluation, new forms of dominance, and design of a digital ecosystem for mental well‐being.
Improved health‐related quality of life after hepatitis C viraemic clearance among people who inject drugs may not be durable
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Myring Gareth , Palmateer Norah E. , McAuley Andrew , Beer Lewis , Dillon John F. , Hollingworth William , Gunson Rory , Hickman Matthew , Hutchinson Sharon J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a detrimental impact on health‐related quality of life (QoL). Scale‐up of HCV direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy among people who inject drugs (PWID) is underway in several countries since the introduction of interferon‐free regimens. This study aimed to assess the impact of DAA treatment success on QoL for PWID.DesignCross‐sectional study using two rounds of the Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative, a national anonymous bio‐behavioural survey and a longitudinal study involving PWID who underwent DAA therapy.SettingThe setting for the cross‐sectional study was Scotland (2017–2018, 2019–2020). The setting for the longitudinal study was the Tayside region of Scotland (2019–2021).ParticipantsIn the cross‐sectional study PWID were recruited from services providing injecting equipment (n = 4009). In the longitudinal study, participants were PWID on DAA therapy (n = 83).MeasurementsIn the cross‐sectional study, the association between QoL (measured using the EQ‐5D‐5L quality of life instrument) and HCV diagnosis and treatment was assessed using multilevel linear regression. In the longitudinal study, QoL was compared at four timepoints using multilevel regression, from treatment commencement until 12 months following commencement.FindingsIn the cross‐sectional study, 41% (n = 1618) were ever chronically HCV infected, of whom 78% (n = 1262) were aware of their status and of whom 64% (n = 704) had undergone DAA therapy. There was no evidence for a marked QoL improvement associated with viral clearance among those treated for HCV (B = 0.03; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.09). In the longitudinal study, improved QoL was observed at the sustained virologic response test timepoint (B = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.10–0.27), but this was not maintained at 12 months following start of treatment (B = 0.02; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.10).ConclusionsSuccessful direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C infection may not lead to a durable improvement in quality of life among people who inject drugs, although there may be a transient improvement around the time of sustained virologic response. Economic models of the impact of scaling‐up treatment may need to include more conservative quality of life benefits over and above reductions in mortality, disease progression and transmission of infection.
How do patients feel during the first 72 h after initiating long‐acting injectable buprenorphine? An embodied qualitative analysis
Authors: Neale Joanne , Parkin Stephen , Strang John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsLong‐acting injectable buprenorphine (LAIB) is a new treatment for opioid use disorder that is generating positive outcomes. Negative effects are typically mild and transient, but can occasionally be serious, resulting in treatment discontinuation/non‐adherence. This paper aims to analyse patients’ accounts of how they felt during the first 72 h after initiating LAIB.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted (June 2021–March 2022) with 26 people (18 males and 8 females) who had started LAIB within the previous 72 h. Participants were recruited from treatment services in England and Wales and were interviewed by telephone using a topic guide. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and coded. The concepts of embodiment and embodied cognition framed the analyses. Data on participants’ substance use, initiation onto LAIB and feelings were tabulated. Next, participants’ accounts of how they felt were analysed following the stages of Iterative Categorization.ResultsParticipants reported complex combinations of changing negative and positive feelings. Bodily experiences included withdrawal symptoms, poor sleep, injection‐site pain/soreness, lethargy and heightened senses inducing nausea (‘distressed bodies’), but also enhanced somatic wellbeing, improved sleep, better skin, increased appetite, reduced constipation and heightened senses inducing pleasure (‘returning body functions’). Cognitive responses included anxiety, uncertainties and low mood/depression (‘the mind in crisis’) and improved mood, greater positivity and reduced craving (‘feeling psychologically better’). Whereas most negative effects reported are widely recognized, the early benefits of treatment described are less well‐documented and may be an overlooked distinctive feature of LAIB.ConclusionsDuring the first 72 h after initiating long‐acting injectable buprenorphine, new patients report experiencing a range of interconnected positive and negative short‐term effects. Providing new patients with information about the range and nature of these effects can prepare them for what to expect and help them manage feelings and reduce anxiety. In turn, this may increase medication adherence.
Combined uterorelaxant effect of magnesium sulfate and terbutaline: Studies on late pregnant rat uteri in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Barna Tamara , Szucs Kalman F. , Schaffer Annamaria , Mirdamadi Mohsen , Hajagos‐Toth Judit , Gaspar Robert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionPreterm delivery and its complications are among the biggest challenges and health risks in obstetrical practice. Several tocolytic agents are used in clinical practice, although the efficacy and side effect profiles of these drugs are not satisfying. The aim of this study was to investigate the uterus relaxant effect of the coadministration of β2‐mimetic terbutaline and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in an isolated organ bath and to perform in vivo smooth muscle electromyographic (SMEMG) studies in pregnant rats. In addition, we also investigated whether the tachycardia‐inducing effect of terbutaline can be reduced by the presence of magnesium, due to the opposite heart rate modifying effects of the two agents.Material and methodsIn the isolated organ bath studies, rhythmic contractions of 22‐day‐ pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were stimulated with KCl, and cumulative dose–response curves were constructed in the presence of MgSO4 or terbutaline. The uterus‐relaxing effects of terbutaline were also investigated in the presence of MgSO4 in both normal buffer and Ca2+‐poor buffer. The in vivo SMEMG studies were carried out under anesthesia with the subcutaneous implantation of an electrode pair. The animals were treated with MgSO4 or terbutaline alone or in combination in a cumulative bolus injection. The implanted electrode pair also detected the heart rate.ResultsBoth MgSO4 and terbutaline reduced uterine contractions in vitro and in vivo, furthermore, the administration of a small dose of MgSO4 significantly enhanced the relaxant effect of terbutaline, especially in the lower range. However, in Ca2+‐poor environment, MgSO4 was not able to increase the effect of terbutaline, indicating the role of MgSO4 as a Ca2+ channel blocker. In the cardiovascular studies, MgSO4 significantly decreased the tachycardia‐inducing effect of terbutaline in late pregnant rats.ConclusionsThe combined application of MgSO4 and terbutaline may have clinical significance in tocolysis, which must be confirmed in clinical trials. Furthermore, MgSO4 could substantially reduce the tachycardia‐inducing side effect of terbutaline.
Childhood sleep health and epigenetic age acceleration in late adolescence: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses
Authors: Balfour David , Melton Phillip E. , McVeigh Joanne A. , Huang Rae‐Chi , Eastwood Peter R. , Wanstall Sian , Reynolds Amy C. , Cohen‐Woods Sarah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimInvestigate if childhood measures of sleep health are associated with epigenetic age acceleration in late adolescence.MethodsParent‐reported sleep trajectories from age 5 to 17, self‐reported sleep problems at age 17, and six measures of epigenetic age acceleration at age 17 were studied in 1192 young Australians from the Raine Study Gen2.ResultsThere was no evidence for a relationship between the parent‐reported sleep trajectories and epigenetic age acceleration (p ≥ 0.17). There was a positive cross‐sectional relationship between self‐reported sleep problem score and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration at age 17 (b = 0.14, p = 0.04), which was attenuated after controlling for depressive symptom score at the same age (b = 0.08, p = 0.34). Follow‐up analyses suggested this finding may represent greater overtiredness and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration in adolescents with higher depressive symptoms.ConclusionThere was no evidence for a relationship between self‐ or parent‐reported sleep health and epigenetic age acceleration in late adolescence after adjusting for depressive symptoms. Mental health should be considered as a potential confounding variable in future research on sleep and epigenetic age acceleration, particularly if subjective measures of sleep are used.
Personalizing a positive psychology intervention improves well‐being
Authors: Heintzelman Samantha J. , Kushlev Kostadin , Diener Ed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA variety of positive psychology intervention (PPI) activities can increase subjective well‐being. Still, there is variability in the impact of various PPI activities across people. In two studies, we examine strategies for personalizing a program of PPI activities to efficiently increase subjective well‐being. In Study 1 (N = 516), we examined participants' beliefs about and employment of various PPI activity selection strategies. Participants favored self‐selection over weakness‐based, strength‐based, or random activity assignments. When making activity selections for themselves, they reported using the weakness‐based strategy the most. The tendency to make weakness‐based activity selections related to negative affect whereas strengths‐based activity selections related to positive affect. In Study 2 (N = 112), we randomly assigned participants to complete a set of five PPI activities allocated either randomly, based on their skill weaknesses, or based on their self‐selections. Completing life‐skills lessons significantly increased subjective well‐being from baseline to post‐test. Furthermore, we found evidence for added benefits in terms of subjective well‐being, broad well‐being outcomes, and skills improvement of the weakness‐based and self‐selection personalization strategies compared with the random assignment of these activities. We discuss the implications for research, practice, and the well‐being of individuals and societies offered by the science of PPI personalization.
Ethical perspectives on femtech: Moving from concerns to capability‐sensitive designs
Authors: Jacobs Naomi , Evers Jenneke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFemtech is the collective name for technologies that address female health needs. Femtech applications can help women digitally track their period, manage their fertility, and support their pregnancy. Although femtech has beneficial potential, there are various ethical concerns to be raised with current femtech apps. In this article, we discuss three of the main ethical concerns with femtech apps regarding (1) medical reliability, (2) privacy, and (3) gender stereotyping and epistemic injustice, and we explore how Capability Sensitive Design, a novel design framework for health and well‐being technologies, is able to mitigate these concerns and help create morally sensitive femtech.
A Nonparametric Test of Group Distributional Differences for Hierarchically Clustered Functional Data
Authors: Long Alexander S. , Reich Brian J. , Staicu Ana-Maria , Meitzen John 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Biological sex and gender are critical variables in biomedical research, but are complicated by the presence of sex-specific natural hormone cycles, such as the estrous cycle in female rodents, typically divided into phases. A common feature of these cycles are fluctuating hormone levels that induce sex differences in many behaviors controlled by the electrophysiology of neurons, such as neuronal membrane potential in response to electrical stimulus, typically summarized using a priori defined metrics. In this paper, we propose a method to test for differences in the electrophysiological properties across estrous cycle phase without first defining a metric of interest. We do this by modeling membrane potential data in the frequency domain as realizations of a bivariate process, also depending on the electrical stimulus, by adopting existing methods for longitudinal functional data. We are then able to extract the main features of the bivariate signals through a set of basis function coefficients. We use these coefficients for testing, adapting methods for multivariate data to account for an induced hierarchical structure that is a product of the experimental design. We illustrate the performance of the proposed approach in simulations and then apply the method to experimental data.
Listening to a popular upbeat song can lead to more adaptive cognitive inferences for stressful events in non‐clinical adult populations
Authors: Smith Elizabeth R. , Brouder Lily M. , Lawlor Ciara E. , Haeffel Gerald J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe tested the effect of music on idiographic cognitive inferences about stressful events.MethodIn Study 1 (n = 336), adult participants from the United States were randomly assigned to non‐familiar songs that differed by lyrical content and tempo. In Studies 2 (n = 302) and 3 (n = 323), adult participants from the United States were randomly assigned to either a positive, neutral or no‐song condition.ResultsThe results of Study 1 failed to support any of the study hypotheses. Given the null results, we decided to conduct a second study focused on increasing external validity and power (i.e., including fewer experimental conditions). The results of Study 2 showed that adults randomly assigned to a familiar upbeat song condition experienced an increase in positive affect and a decrease in event‐specific negative cognitions. A third study was then conducted to replicate the results and rule out a potential confound. Results of Study 3 corroborated the results of Study 2.ConclusionTaken together (Studies 2 and 3), results indicate it may be useful for future research to test the extent to which familiar upbeat music can be helpful during cognitive restructuring activities in psychotherapy to nudge people to generate more adaptive cognitions.
Insular cortex stimulation alleviates neuropathic pain via ERK phosphorylation in neurons
Authors: Kim Kyeongmin , Nan Guanghai , Kim Leejeong , Kwon Minjee , Lee Kyung Hee , Cha Myeounghoon , Lee Bae Hwan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe clinical use of brain stimulation is attractive for patients who have side effects or tolerance. However, studies on insular cortex (IC) stimulation are lacking in neuropathic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of IC stimulation (ICS) on neuropathic pain and to determine how ICS modulates pain.MethodsChanges in pain behaviors were observed following ICS with various parameters in neuropathic rats. Western blotting was performed to assess molecular changes in the expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK), neurons, astrocytes, and microglia between experimental groups. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the colocalization of pERK with different cell types.ResultsThe most effective pain‐relieving effect was induced at 50 Hz–120 μA in single trial of ICS and it maintained 4 days longer after the termination of repetitive ICS. The expression levels of pERK, astrocytes, and microglia were increased in neuropathic rats. However, after ICS, the expression levels of pERK were decreased, and colocalization of pERK and neurons was reduced in layers 2–3 of the IC.ConclusionThese results indicated that ICS attenuated neuropathic pain by the regulation of pERK in neurons located in layers 2–3 of the IC. This preclinical study may enhance the potential use of ICS and identify the therapeutic mechanisms of ICS in neuropathic pain.