bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic loading induces anabolic gene expression in ACLs in a load‐dependent and sex‐specific manner
Authors: Paschall Lauren , Carrozzi Sabrina , Tabdanov Erdem , Dhawan Aman , Szczesny Spencer E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are historically thought to be a result of a single acute overload or traumatic event. However, recent studies suggest that ACL failure may be a consequence of fatigue damage. Additionally, the remodeling response of ACLs to fatigue loading is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the remodeling response of ACLs to cyclic loading. Furthermore, given that women have an increased rate of ACL rupture, we investigated whether this remodeling response is sex specific. ACLs were harvested from male and female New Zealand white rabbits and cyclically loaded in a tensile bioreactor mimicking the full range of physiological loading (2, 4, and 8 MPa). Expression of markers for anabolic and catabolic tissue remodeling, as well as inflammatory cytokines, was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found that the expression of markers for tissue remodeling of the ACL is dependent on the magnitude of loading and is sex specific. Male ACLs activated an anabolic response to cyclic loading at 4 MPa but turned off remodeling at 8 MPa. These data support the hypothesis that noncontact ACL injury may be a consequence of failed tissue remodeling and inadequate repair of microtrauma resulting from elevated loading. Compared to males, female ACLs failed to increase anabolic gene expression with loading and exhibited higher expression of catabolic genes at all loading levels, which may explain the increased rate of ACL tears in women. Together, these data provide insight into load‐induced ACL remodeling and potential causes of tissue rupture.
External validation of prognostic scores and comparison of predictive accuracy for patients with colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases considered for cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Kozman Mathew A. , Fisher Oliver M. , Liauw Winston , Morris David L. , Cashin Peter H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrognostic scores are developed to facilitate the selection of patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases (CRPM) for treatment with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) ± intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC). Three prominent prognostic scores are the Peritoneal Surface Disease Severity Score (PSDSS), the Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Prognostic Surgical Score (COMPASS), and the modified COloREctal‐Pc (mCOREP). We externally validate these scores and compare their predictive accuracy.MethodsData from consecutive CRPM patients who underwent CRS/IPC from 1996 to 2018 was used to externally validate COMPASS, PSDSS, and mCOREP. Analysis evaluated the efficacy of each score in predicting (1) open–close laparotomy—those found at laparotomy to not be eligible for curative intent CRS/IPC, (2) surgical futility—those who underwent open–close laparotomy, palliative debulking surgery, or had an overall survival of less than 12 months, and (3) overall and recurrence‐free survival (OS, RFS).ResultsPrognostic scores were calculated for the 174‐patient external validation cohort. COMPASS was most accurate in predicting open–close laparotomy, futile surgery, and survival (OS and RFS). Area under the curve (AUC) for open–close prediction was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.68–0.87), representing useful discrimination. However, AUC for futility prediction was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.52–0.71), and C‐statistic for OS was 0.65 indicating only possibly helpful discrimination. C‐statistic for RFS was 0.59 indicating poor discrimination.ConclusionWhile COMPASS showed the best statistical behavior, accuracy for several clinically relevant outcomes remains low, and thus applicability to clinical practice limited.
Wideband‐Tunable on‐Chip Microwave Photonic Filter with Ultrahigh‐Q U‐Bend‐Mach–Zehnder‐Interferometer‐Coupled Microring Resonators
Authors: Yan Hao , Xie Yiwei , Zhang Long , Dai Daoxin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicrowave photonic filters are a key fundamental subsystem in microwave photonics. A wideband‐tunable on‐chip microwave photonic filter (MPF), which monolithically integrates a dual‐drive Mach‐Zehnder modulator (DDMZM), is proposed with ultrahigh‐Q Mach–Zehnder‐interferometer (MZI)‐coupled microring resonators (MRRs) in cascade and a high‐speed photodetector (PD). It is the first time an MPF has been developed by introducing U‐bend‐MZI‐coupled MRRs whose resonance wavelength and 3 dB bandwidth are tunable. In particular, the ultrahigh‐Q U‐bend‐MZI‐coupled MRRs are realized with ultralow loss broadened silicon waveguides based on a modified Euler curve. For the fabricated U‐bend‐MZI‐coupled MRRs, which have an effective radius of 29 µm, the Q‐factor is as high as 1.3 × 106, while the free spectral range (FSR) is as large as 113 GHz. Furthermore, the introduction of two cascaded U‐bend‐MZI‐coupled MRRs enables the MPF to have flat‐top bandstop (or bandpass) responses with a high extinction ratio (ER) of 20–35 dB as well as a tunable 3 dB bandwidth of 0.15–3 GHz. Meanwhile, the central frequency can be tuned thermally from 2 to 40 GHz. The work provides a feasible route to realize a compact, high spectral resolution, and wideband‐tunable MPF on silicon, enabling a range of RF applications from wireless communication to flexible high‐frequency microwave photonic signal processing.
Anti–myelin‐associated glycoprotein neuropathy: Where do we stand?
Authors: Stino Amro Maher , Elsheikh Bakri , Allen Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMyelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein concentrated in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendroglial membranes of myelin sheaths that serves as an antigen for immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibodies. Individuals who harbor anti‐MAG antibodies classically develop a progressive autoimmune peripheral neuropathy characterized clinically by ataxia, distal sensory loss, and gait instability, and electrophysiologically by distally accentuated conduction velocity slowing. Although off‐label immunotherapy is common, there are currently no proven effective disease‐modifying therapeutics, and most patients experience slow accumulation of disability over years and decades. The typically slowly progressive nature of this neuropathy presents unique challenges when trying to find effective anti‐MAG therapeutic agents. Drug development has also been hampered by the lack of validated outcome measures that can detect clinically meaningful changes in a reasonable amount of time as well as by the lack of disease activity biomarkers. In this invited review, we provide an update on the state of clinicometric outcome measures and disease activity biomarkers in anti‐MAG neuropathy. We highlight the insensitivity of widely used existing clinicometric outcome measures such as the Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability score as well as the INCAT sensory subscore in anti‐MAG neuropathy, referencing the two previous negative randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating rituximab. We then discuss newly emerging candidate therapeutic agents, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and enhanced B‐cell–depleting agents, among others. We conclude with a practical approach to the evaluation and management of anti‐MAG neuropathy patients.
Self‐efficacy, resilience and healthy ageing among older people who have an acute hospital admission: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Remm Sarah E. , Halcomb Elizabeth , Peters Kath , Hatcher Deborah , Frost Steven A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the associations between self‐efficacy, resilience and healthy ageing among older people who have an acute hospital admission.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsSurvey and medical record data were collected from older people on discharge from hospital. The survey measured self‐efficacy with the 6‐item General Self‐Efficacy scale (GSE‐6), resilience with the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and healthy ageing with the Selfie Ageing Index (SAI). Medical record data included potential confounders: co‐morbidities, frailty items, previous falls and previous admission in the last 28 days. Multi‐linear regression and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to examine the independent associations between self‐efficacy, resilience and healthy ageing.ResultsResponses were received from 143 older people (mean age 79). After adjusting for potential confounders, co‐morbidities (ß = ‐0.08, p = 0.001) remained negatively associated with healthy ageing, while self‐efficacy (ß = 0.03, p = 0.005) and resilience (ß = 0.05, p < 0.001) remained positively associated with healthy ageing (R2 = 0.243). Positive correlations were found between self‐efficacy (ρ = 0.33, p < 0.01), resilience (ρ = 0.38, p < 0.001) and healthy ageing. Positive correlations were also found between self‐efficacy and resilience (ρ = 0.38, p < 0.01). Those with lower self‐efficacy and resilience were more likely to report reduced activities of daily living, mobility, physical activity and mood.ConclusionFindings indicate that while the number of co‐morbidities have negative consequences for healthy ageing among older people who are hospitalised, the promotion of self‐efficacy and resilience can potentially contribute to healthy ageing within the physical and psychological domains.Implications for Patient CareNurses can promote self‐efficacy, which can potentially increase resilience and help to improve self‐management of chronic conditions, functional ability in daily activities, mobility and physical activity and reduce both anxiety and depressive symptoms.Patient ContributionParticipant feedback throughout the data collection process assisted in the evaluation of study methods and data interpretation. This included processes such as assessing selected tools and clarifying the meanings of healthy ageing factors.
Low‐Lying Tegmen and Surgical Outcomes Following the Middle Cranial Fossa Repair of Superior Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Patel Vishal S. , Yang Isaac , Gopen Quinton S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare treatment response from the middle cranial fossa repair of superior canal dehiscence (SCD) between cases with and cases without low‐lying tegmen (LLT).Study DesignCohort study.SettingSingle tertiary care institution.MethodsTwo investigators independently reviewed preoperative high‐resolution temporal bone computed tomography images and classified the ipsilateral tegmen as either “low‐lying” or “control.” Patients completed a symptom questionnaire and underwent audiometric testing pre‐ and post‐operatively. Multivariable regression models assessed for symptomatic resolution and audiometric improvement following surgery with tegmen status as the primary predictor. Models controlled for patient age, sex, bilateral SCD disease, dehiscence location, prior ear surgery status, surgery duration, and follow‐up duration.ResultsAmong a total of 410 cases included, we identified 121 (29.5%) LLT cases. Accounting for all control measures, patients with LLT were significantly less likely to experience overall symptom improvement (adjusted odds ratio: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18–0.57, p < .001) and reported a significantly lower proportion of preoperative symptoms that resolved following surgery (adjusted β: −25.6%, 95% CI: −37.0% to −14.3%, p < .001). However, audiometric outcomes following surgery did not differ significantly between patients with and patients without LLT.ConclusionThis is the first investigation on the relationship between LLT and surgical outcomes following the middle fossa repair of SCD. Patients with LLT reported less favorable symptomatic response but exhibited a similar degree of audiometric improvement.
Loss of heterozygosity does not occur in BRCA1/2 mutant pediatric solid and central nervous system tumors
Authors: Groves Andrew , Ward Abigail , Li Yvonne Y. , Lazo de la Vega Lorena , Nag Anwesha , Forrest Suzanne J. , Gupta Hersh V. , Thorner Aaron R. , Meyerson Matthew , Kamihara Junne , Cherniack Andrew D. , Janeway Katherine A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUtilization of tumor‐only sequencing has expanded in pediatric cancer patients, which can lead to identification of pathogenic variants in genes that may be germline and/or have uncertain relevance to the tumor in question, such as the homologous recombination (HR) pathway genes BRCA1/2. We identified patients with pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations from somatic tumor sequencing, and performed additional germline sequencing to assess for the presence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Of seven patients identified, four (57.1%) mutations were found in the germline and none had associated LOH. Our data suggest that BRCA1/2 mutations identified in this context are likely incidental findings.
Insights into the large‐size graphene improvement effect of the mechanical properties on the epoxy/glass fabric composites
Authors: Peng Qingyan , Tan Xiaodong , Xiong Xiaoman , Wang Yuanfeng , Novotná Jana , Shah Kaushal Vipul , Stempień Zbigniew , Periyasamy Aravin Prince , Kejzlar Pavel , Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Militky Jiri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated how the chemical structural properties, mechanical properties, and morphology of large‐size graphene platelets (LGPs) doped glass fabric (GF)/epoxy composites are affected by varying loading amounts of LGPs. Scanning electron microscope results revealed that the dispersion and filling effect of LGPs can improve the flowability of the resin, reducing the aggregation and shrinkage of the resin on the glass fabric surface, thereby facilitating better resin infiltration and coverage of the glass fabric surface. From the spectrum analysis, the binding of LGPs with epoxy resin was the physical combination, without new chemical groups generated during the curing process. The addition of LGPs improved the ratio of the crystalline phases in the composites, from 30.00% of the GF/epoxy to 57.50% of the GF/epoxy@2.2LGPs. Mechanical properties indicated that the composites exhibited greater tensile strength than pure GF, which progressively increased with increasing LGPs content until it reached 1.5 wt%, then the tensile strength starts to decrease. And the GF/epoxy@1.5 LGPs exhibited 136% enhancement in tensile strength compared to other carbon fillers reinforced composites, which achieved a satisfactory enhancement under relatively low loading content.Highlights
The effect of the large‐size graphene platelets (LGPs) on the properties of glass fabric (GF)/epoxy composites.
Compared to the glass fabric/epoxy composite, the LGPs doped composite possessed a much higher storage modulus (E′).
The LGPs doped composite exhibited 136% enhancement in tensile strength compared to other carbon fillers reinforced composites.
The addition of LGPs improved the ratio of the crystalline phases in the composites.
Flexible polyaniline/MXene/CNF composite nanofibrous mats as high‐performance supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Donthula Kiran , Malothu Usha Rani , Araga Ramya , Vooradi Ramsagar , Patnaikuni Venkata Suresh , Reddy M. V. , Kakunuri Manohar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we presented a facile synthesis of ternary composite by depositing polyaniline (PANI) onto electrospun MXene‐embedded carbon nanofibers (CNF) using in situ polymerization. Polymerization duration was varied between 2 and 8 hours to tune fiber diameter and surface area. The physicochemical properties of binary and ternary composites were characterized, such as surface morphology and chemical functional groups and surface area and pore volume. Results indicated that the fiber diameter and micropore volume increased with the deposition of PANI. In order to examine the effect of PANI deposition and other electrode properties on electrochemical performance, electrochemical impedance, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and cyclic voltammetry tests were performed. Flexible binder‐free PANI/MXene/CNF composite electrode with maximum PANI deposition exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 356 F g−1 at current density of 0.5 A g−1. Further, this electrode demonstrated excellent capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, with 91%. The ternary composite's outstanding performance is primarily related to PANI's enhanced surface area and micropore volume as well as pseudocapacitive charge storage.Highlights
Synthesis of a flexible binder‐free novel ternary composite electrode.
In‐situ PANI deposition to enhances the ternary electrode surface area and wettability.
Flexible ternary composite electrodes with maximum PANI loading exhibit excellent electrochemical performance.
Comparison of binary and ternary electrode performance with pristine carbon nanofibers.
Fetal cardiac intervention in hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact or restrictive atrial septum, systematic review, and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mustafa Hiba J. , Aghajani Faezeh , Jawwad Mohammad , Shah Nensi , Abuhamad Alfred , Khalil Asma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo investigate outcomes of fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with an intact or restrictive atrial septum (I/RAS) managed expectantly or with fetal atrial septal intervention (FASI PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched systematically from inception until April 2023. Outcomes were classified by those who had FASI and those who had expectant management (EM). To estimate the overall proportion of each endpoint, a meta‐analysis of proportions was employed using a random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value. Thirty‐two studies reporting on 746 fetuses with HLHS and I/RAS met our inclusion criteria. Eleven studies (123 fetuses) were in the FASI group and 21 studies (623 fetuses) were in the EM group. Among the 123 FASI cases, 107 (87%) were reported to be technically successful. The mean gestational age (GA) at diagnosis was comparable between the groups (26.2 weeks FASI vs. 24.4 weeks EM group). The mean GA at FASI was 30.4 weeks (95% CI 28.5, 32.5). The mean GA at delivery was also comparable (37.7 weeks FASI vs. 38.1 weeks EM group). Neonatal outcomes, including live birth, neonatal death, and survival to hospital discharge pooled proportions, were also comparable between groups (live birth: 92% (95% CI 64, 99) FASI versus 93% (95% CI 79, 98) in EM, neonatal death: 32% (95% CI 11, 65) FASI versus 30% (95% CI 21, 41) EM, survival to hospital discharge: 37% (95% CI 25, 52) FASI versus 52% (95% CI 42, 61) EM). Age at neonatal death was higher in the FASI group (mean: 17 days FASI vs. 7.2 days EM group). There was a lower rate of postnatal atrial restrictive septum in the FASI group 38% (95% CI 17, 63) compared to the EM group 88% (95% CI 57, 98). Our review shows variations across centers in the selection criteria and techniques used for FASI. Although survival including livebirth, neonatal death, and survival to hospital discharge did not differ between groups, the procedure may translate into a less restrictive septum at birth. Future multicenter studies are needed to better identify the subset of cases that might have improved outcomes, use standardized definitions, unified techniques, utilize core outcome set, and assess long‐term benefits.
Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): Combination of copy number variant and gene analyses using an “in‐house” target enrichment next generation sequencing—Solution for non‐centralized NIPT laboratory?
Authors: Faldynová Lucie , Walczysková Sylwia , Černá Dita , Kudrejová Monika , Hilscherová Šárka , Kaniová Romana , Širůčková Simona 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have integrated copy number variant (CNV) and gene analysis using target enrichment. Here, we transferred this concept to our routine genetics laboratory, which is not linked to centralized non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) facilities.MethodFrom a cohort of 100 pregnant women, 22 were selected for the analysis of maternal genomic DNA (gDNA) along with fetal cell‐free DNA. Using targeted enrichment, 135 genes were analyzed, combined with aberrations of chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and Y. The data were subjected to specificity and sensitivity analyses, and correlated with the results from invasive testing methods.ResultsThe sensitivity/specificity was determined for the CNV analysis of chromosomes: 21 (80%/75%), 18 (‐/82%), 13 (100%/67%), and Y (100%/100%). The gene detection was valid for maternal gDNA. However, for cell‐free fetal DNA, it was not possible to determine the boundary between an artifact and a real sequence variant.ConclusionThe target enrichment method combining CNV and gene detection seems feasible in a regular laboratory. However, this method can only be responsibly optimized with a sufficient number of controls and further validation on a strong bioinformatic background. The present results showed that NIPT should be performed in specialized centers, and that its introduction to isolated laboratories may not provide valid data.
What helps define outcomes in persistent uninterpretable non‐invasive prenatal testing: Maternal factors, fetal fraction or quality scores?
Authors: Lannoo Lore , Van Camp Joke , Brison Nathalie , Parijs Ilse , Vancoillie Leen , Van Den Bogaert Kris , Vermeesch Joris Robert , Devriendt Koen , Van Calsteren Kristel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess maternal characteristics and comorbidities in patients with persistent uninterpretable non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and to evaluate the association with adverse pregnancy outcome in a general risk population.MethodsA retrospective cohort study (July 2017–December 2020) was conducted of patients with persistent uninterpretable NIPT samples. Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared with the general Belgian obstetric population.ResultsOf the 148 patients with persistent uninterpretable NIPT, 37 cases were due to a low fetal fraction (LFF) and 111 due to a low quality score (LQS). Both groups (LFF, LQS) showed more obesity (60.6%, 42.4%), multiple pregnancies (18.9%, 4.5%) and more obstetrical complications. In the LQS group, a high rate of maternal auto‐immune disorders (30.6%) was seen and hypertensive complications (17.6%), preterm birth (17.6%) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (22%) were significantly increased. In the LFF group hypertensive complications (21.6%), gestational diabetes (20.6%), preterm birth (27%), SGA (25.6%), major congenital malformations (11.4%), c‐section rate (51.4%) and NICU admission (34.9%) were significantly increased. Chromosomal abnormalities were not increased in both groups.ConclusionsPatients with persistent uninterpretable NIPT have significantly more maternal obesity, comorbidities and adverse pregnancy outcome than the general population and should receive high‐risk pregnancy care. Distinguishing between LFF and LQS optimizes counseling because maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome differ between these groups.