bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The deterrent effects of individual monoterpene odours on the dietary decisions of African elephants
Authors: Bester Twané , Schmitt Melissa H. , Shrader Adrian M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAfrican savanna elephants use pre-ingestive olfactory cues when making dietary choices, and previous research has observed that elephant diet choice is negatively correlated with vegetation species that contain high concentrations of monoterpenes. However, the frequency and concentration of monoterpenes can vary dramatically across plant species. Thus, we aimed to explore the effects that the odours of individual monoterpenes have on elephant diet choice and how these effects vary with concentration. To do this, we conducted three odour-based choice experiments focusing on eight common monoterpenes found in the woody plants in Southern African savannas. In the first experiment, we tested whether elephant diet choice for a frequently consumed plant (Euclea crispa) was influenced by the addition of the odour of an individual monoterpene at a set concentration. In the second experiment, we explored the relative deterrence of each monoterpene. Lastly, we tested how elephant diet choice varied as a function of the addition of individual monoterpene odours at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations. We found that the elephants avoided most individual monoterpenes at high concentrations, with the exception being α-pinene. Furthermore, we found that the odours of some individual monoterpenes were, in fact, more deterrent than others. In the third experiment, we found that the elephants avoided β-pinene, limonene, ocimene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene across all concentrations, but only avoided sabinene and linalool at high concentrations. Ultimately, our results show that the odour of individual monoterpenes may deter elephant consumption, but that this deterrent effect depends on both the monoterpene and its concentration.
The fundamental equations of a pseudo-Finsler submersion
Authors: Huber Matthieu , Javaloyes Miguel Angel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe main result in this paper is the generalisation of the fundamental equations of a Riemannian submersion presented in the 1966 article by O’Neill (Michigan Math J 13:459–469, 1966) to the context of pseudo-Finsler submersions. In the meantime, we also explore some basic properties of the O’Neill fundamental tensors of the submersion and study Finsler submersions with totally geodesic fibers.
Assessment of Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) test signals and preliminary positioning performance
Authors: Naciri Nacer , Yi Ding , Bisnath Sunil , de Blas F. Javier , Capua Roberto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is a GNSS augmentation that provides precise satellite corrections to users worldwide for free directly through Galileo’s E6 signal. The HAS service provides free PPP corrections from the Galileo constellation and the Internet, with targeted real-time 95% positioning performance of better than 20 cm horizontal and 40 cm vertical error after 5 min of convergence time globally and shorter in Europe. The HAS initial service, under validation at the time of writing, provides these capabilities with a reduced performance (based on the current Galileo stations network). Live HAS test signals broadcasted from the Galileo satellites during summer 2022 have been decoded and analyzed. Corrections include Galileo and GPS orbit, clock, and code bias corrections, with SISRE of 10.6 cm and 11.8 cm for Galileo and GPS, respectively. Code bias corrections showed good performance as well, with rms of 0.28 ns, 0.26 ns, and 0.22 ns for Galileo C1C–C5Q, C1C–C7Q, and C1C–C6C, respectively, and 0.20 ns for GPS C1C–C2L. Float PPP positioning performance results show that the combined Galileo and GPS solution can already achieve the HAS full service accuracy performance target and is close in terms of convergence time, with 95% rms of 13.1 cm and 18.6 cm horizontally and vertically, respectively, in kinematic mode, and with a 95% convergence time of 7.5 min. The latter is expected to be improved with the inclusion of satellite phase bias and local atmospheric corrections. With these early Galileo HAS test signals, this preliminary analysis indicates that the HAS full service targets are attainable. Finally, a correction latency analysis is performed, showing that even with latency of up to 60 s, positioning can remain within the targeted HAS accuracy performance.
Friends in high places: Interspecific grooming between chimpanzees and primate prey species in Budongo Forest
Authors: Freymann Elodie , Huffman Michael A. , Muhumuza Geresomu , Gideon Monday Mbotella , Zuberbühler Klaus , Hobaiter Catherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile cases of interspecies grooming have been reported in primates, no comprehensive cross-site review has been published about this behavior in great apes. Only a few recorded observations of interspecies grooming events between chimpanzees and other primate species have been reported in the wild, all of which have thus far been in Uganda. Here, we review all interspecies grooming events recorded for the Sonso community chimpanzees in Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda, adding five new observations to the single, previously reported event from this community. A new case of interspecies play involving three juvenile male chimpanzees and a red-tailed monkey is also detailed. All events took place between 1993 and 2021. In all of the six interspecific grooming events from Budongo, the ‘groomer’ was a female chimpanzee between the ages of 4–6 years, and the ‘recipient’ was a member of the genusCercopithecus. In five of these events, chimpanzee groomers played with the tail of their interspecific grooming partners, and except for one case, initiated the interaction. In three cases, chimpanzee groomers smelled their fingers after touching distinct parts of the receiver’s body. While a single function of chimpanzee interspecies grooming remains difficult to determine from these results, our review outlines and assesses some hypotheses for the general function of this behavior, as well as some of the costs and benefits for both the chimpanzee groomers and their sympatric interspecific receivers. As allogrooming is a universal behavior in chimpanzees, investigating the ultimate and proximate drivers of chimpanzee interspecies grooming may reveal further functions of allogrooming in our closest living relatives, and help us to better understand how chimpanzees distinguish between affiliative and agonistic species and contexts.
Design of a low-voltage dielectrophoresis lab-on-the chip to separate tumor and blood cells
Authors: Valijam Shayan , Salehi Alireza , Andersson Magnus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we design and propose a compact label-free microfluidic lab-on-a-chip device to separate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from red blood cells (RBCs) at low voltage to minimize cell damage. With the aim of developing a mm-long device to perform cell separation, we used 3D finite element simulation modeling and investigated separation efficiency for different electrode configurations, electrode shapes, and channel heights. Our results show that configuring the electrodes as two arrays, consisting of only five pairs of top and bottom planar electrodes shifted relative to each other and energized with ± 6 V at 70 kHz, generates sufficient non-uniform electric fields to separate CTCs and RBCs in a 2 mm long channel. The advantage of the proposed design is the simplicity of the electrode arrangement and that the electrodes do not cover the central part of the channel, thus allowing for brightfield imaging of the channel. In addition, the low voltage needed and the 50 µm high channel reduce the Joule heating effect and improve the device's separation and throughput efficiency. We suggest that the proposed design would be effective for separating CTCs and RBCs and, thus, used as a device for the early detection of CTCs.
A graphical analysis of aspects contributing to the spreading of measurements of left ventricular function
Authors: Knackstedt Christian , Schummers Georg , Schröder Jörg , Marx Nikolaus , Lumens Joost , Wijk Sandra Sanders-van , Ramaekers Bram , Becker Michael , van Empel Vanessa , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter ,   the PsychEcho study group
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Simpson’s method is the standard technique to determine left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) on echocardiography. The large inter-observer variability of measuring LVEF is well documented but not fully understood. A graphical analysis was used to elaborate what contributes to the inter-observer difference. Forty-two cardiologists (32 male, 39 ± 7 years) evaluated the LVEF using the Simpson’s method on 15 different echocardiograms (2 and 4 chamber view (2CH/4CH)); the program did not show the result of EF to prevent a bias. End-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) frames were predefined ensuring measurement at the same time point of the cardiac cycles. After standardization of the LV contour, the differences of the individual contours compared to a reference contour were measured. Also, the spreading of lateral/medial mitral annulus contours and the apex were depicted. A significant spreading of LV-contours was seen with larger contours leading to higher EFs (p < 0.001). Experience did not influence the determination of LVEF. ED-volumes showed more spreading than ES-volumes ((3.6 mm (IQR: 2.6–4.0) vs. 3.4 mm (IQR: 2.8–3.8), p < 0.001). Also, the differences were larger for the 2CH compared to the 4CH (p < 0.001). Variability was significantly larger for lateral than septal wall (p < 0.001) as well as the anterior compared to the inferior wall (p < 0.001). There was a relevant scattering of the apex and medial/ lateral mitral annulus ring. There was a large variability of LV-volumes and LVEF as well as position of mitral valve ring and apex. There were global differences (apical 2CH or 4CH), regional aspects (LV walls) and temporal factors (ED vs. ES). Thus, multiple factors contributed to the large variability.Trial registration: The study was registered at “Netherlands Trial Register” (www.trialregister.nl; study number: NL5131).
Automated variable renaming: are we there yet?
Authors: Mastropaolo Antonio , Aghajani Emad , Pascarella Luca , Bavota Gabriele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdentifiers, such as method and variable names, form a large portion of source code. Therefore, low-quality identifiers can substantially hinder code comprehension. To support developers in using meaningful identifiers, several (semi-)automatic techniques have been proposed, mostly being data-driven (e.g., statistical language models, deep learning models) or relying on static code analysis. Still, limited empirical investigations have been performed on the effectiveness of such techniques for recommending developers with meaningful identifiers, possibly resulting in rename refactoring operations. We present a large-scale study investigating the potential of data-driven approaches to support automated variable renaming. We experiment with three state-of-the-art techniques: a statistical language model and two DL-based models. The three approaches have been trained and tested on three datasets we built with the goal of evaluating their ability to recommend meaningful variable identifiers. Our quantitative and qualitative analyses show the potential of such techniques that, under specific conditions, can provide valuable recommendations and are ready to be integrated in rename refactoring tools. Nonetheless, our results also highlight limitations of the experimented approaches that call for further research in this field.
Hermann von Helmholtz and the Quantification Problem of Psychophysics
Authors: Biagioli Francesca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHermann von Helmholtz has been widely acknowledged as one of the forerunners of contemporary theories of measurement. However, his conception of measurement differs from later, representational conceptions in two main respects. Firstly, Helmholtz advocated an empiricist philosophy of arithmetic as grounded in some psychological facts concerning quantification. Secondly, his theory implies that mathematical structures are common to both subjective experiences and objective ones. My suggestion is that both of these differences depend on a classical approach to measurement, according to which the arithmetic laws of addition define what is measurable as a particular domain for their application, and, at the same time, the extensibility of these laws to all known physical processes works as a heuristic principle for empirical research. Such an approach is worth reconsidering, not only because it lends plausibility to some of the controversial aspects of Helmholtz’s theory, but also because it offers a philosophical perspective on quantification problems that originated in the nineteenth-century.This paper draws insights on Helmholtz’s philosophical views from his engagement with the measurability of sensations via Fechner’s psychophysical law. This seems to be in contrast with the fact that the reception of Helmholtz’s theory culminated with the formulation of the theory of extensive measurement. I will contend that Helmholtz reached a no less important standpoint in the nineteenth-century debate on whether sensations are different (i.e., intensive) kinds of magnitudes and on how, if at all, they can be measured.
Long-term outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy patients in the elderly
Authors: Behon Anett , Merkel Eperke Dóra , Schwertner Walter Richard , Kuthi Luca Katalin , Veres Boglárka , Masszi Richard , Kovács Attila , Lakatos Bálint Károly , Zima Endre , Gellér László , Kosztin Annamária , Merkely Béla 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality and hospitalization in the elderly. However, data are scarce about their response to device treatment such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We aimed to evaluate the age-related differences in the effectiveness of CRT, procedure-related complications, and long-term outcome. Between 2000 and 2020, 2656 patients undergoing CRT implantation were registered and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their age: group I, < 65; group II, 65–75; and group III, > 75 years. The primary endpoint was the echocardiographic response defined as a relative increase > 15% in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) within 6 months, and the secondary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device implantation. Procedure-related complications were also assessed. After implantation, LVEF showed significant improvement both in the total cohort [28% (IQR 24/33) vs. 35% (IQR 28/40); p < 0.01)] and in each subgroup (27% vs. 34%; p < 0.01, 29% vs. 35%; p < 0.01, 30% vs. 35%; p < 0.01). Response rate was similar in the 3 groups (64% vs. 62% vs. 56%; p = 0.41). During the follow-up, 1574 (59%) patients died. Kaplan–Meier curves revealed a significantly lower survival rate in the older groups (log-rank p < 0.001). The cumulative complication rates were similar among the three age groups (27% vs. 28% vs. 24%; p = 0.15). Our results demonstrate that CRT is as effective and safe therapy in the elderly as for young ones. The present data suggest that patients with appropriate indications benefit from CRT in the long term, regardless of age.
Epicardial Dispersion of Repolarization Promotes the Onset of Reentry in Brugada Syndrome: A Numerical Simulation Study
Authors: Scacchi Simone , Colli Franzone Piero , Pavarino Luca F. , Gionti Vincenzo , Storti Cesare 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac arrhythmic disorder responsible for sudden cardiac death associated with the onset of ventricular arrhythmias, such as reentrant ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The mechanisms which lead to the onset of such electrical disorders in patients affected by BrS are not completely understood, yet. The aim of the present study is to investigate by means of numerical simulations the electrophysiological mechanisms at the basis of the morphology of electrocardiogram (ECG) and the onset of reentry associated with BrS. To this end, we consider the Bidomain equations coupled with the ten Tusscher–Panfilov membrane model, on an idealized wedge of human right ventricular tissue. The results have shown that: (1) epicardial dispersion of repolarization, generated by the coexistence of regions of early and late repolarization, due to different modulation of the $$I_\mathrm{{CaL}}$$

I
CaL

current, produces ECG waveforms exhibiting qualitatively the typical BrS morphology, characterized by ST elevation and partially negative T-waves; (2) epicardial dispersion of repolarization promotes the onset of reentry during the implementation of the programmed stimulation protocol, because of the conduction block occurring when a premature beat reaches the border of late repolarizing regions; and (3) the modulation of the $$I_\mathrm{{to}}$$

I
to

current affects the duration of reentry, which becomes sustained with a remarkable increase of $$I_\mathrm{{to}}$$

I
to

in the subepicardial layers.
Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Characterization of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer under Dynamic Loads
Authors: Bruno M. , Esposito L. , Papa I. , Viscusi A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present work, the response of composite hybrid laminates made of carbon and glass fibers in different stacking configurations was tested under low-velocity impact loads. Experimental drop impact tests were conducted on three different stacking sequences and three rising impact energy levels. The results from the tests were assumed for the development and validation of a numerical impact model reproducing for each stacking sequence and all the impact energy levels, the laminates impact response. The validated model investigated the occurred damage mechanisms, their distribution in the panel thickness and their extension on the plane of the laminate. Depending on the stacking sequence and the impact energy level, the energy absorption capacity was related to the dominant damage mechanism. The percentage contribution of interlaminar and intralaminar damages was presented and conclusions were drawn about the influence of stacking sequences on energy absorption and damage characteristics.
Design, establishment, analysis, and quality control of a high-precision reference frame in Cortes de Pallás (Spain)
Authors: García-Asenjo Luis , Martínez Laura , Baselga Sergio , Garrigues Pascual , Luján Raquel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA high-precision geodetic reference frame was required in Cortes de Pallás (Spain) to undertake a long-term deformation monitoring project. Involving distances up to 2000 m, the aimed accuracy was 1 mm and 3 mm for horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Such a high precision is necessary to detect possible displacements of selected points on a critical rocky area in a short period of time, i.e., 2 or 3 years, and also to provide ground control for the integration of precise 3D models periodically obtained by remote sensing techniques. Considering the historical geotechnical problems of the area, the possible influence of the hydroelectric power plant, and the peculiar orography of the zone, a proper analysis of the stability is crucial if the reference frame is to be used for rigorous over-time deformation monitoring. This paper describes the deformation monitoring of a 10-pillar geodetic network which was measured from 2018 to 2020 by using a sub-millimetric Mekometer ME5000 (0.2 mm + 0.2 ppm) along with a demanding observing methodology which includes a network of data loggers for temperature, humidity, and air pressure as well as proper calibration of sensors and instruments to prevent potential inconsistencies between the scale of the network and the unit of length of the International System (SI meter). The results demonstrated that the chosen methodology yielded the aimed accuracy. However, using such a high precision methodology entails the problem that small displacements of only 1 or 2 mm are significantly detected as deformations by conventional deformation analysis and then it arises the problem of finding a subset of stable points for a rigorous datum realization when all the points seem to displace. This general problem is analyzed in the particular case of Cortes de Pallás, where a balanced mix of deformation analysis and technical decisions was eventually adopted to define a precise and stable reference frame for rigorous over-time deformation monitoring.
Kommunale bewegungsbezogene Gesundheitsförderung in Deutschland
Authors: Dippon Lea , Helsper Natalie , Kohler Simone , Weber Philipp , Rütten Alfred , Pfeifer Klaus , Birkholz Leonie , Semrau Jana 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungAnsätze der kommunalen bewegungsbezogenen Gesundheitsförderung (kbG) werden empfohlen, um körperlicher Inaktivität in der Bevölkerung entgegenzuwirken. Der vorliegende Artikel hat zum einen das Ziel, eine systematische Übersicht zur kbG in Deutschland darzustellen. Zum anderen sollen in diesem Bereich Good-Practice-Projekte identifiziert werden, die als Orientierungsrahmen für die Umsetzung und Verbreitung von kbG genutzt werden können. Im ersten Schritt wurden Projekte über eine Suche in 4 wissenschaftlichen Datenbanken sowie 21 Projektdatenbanken identifiziert und Daten zu „Bundesland“, „Berücksichtigung gesundheitlicher Chancengleichheit“ und „Umsetzung im städtischen oder ländlichen Raum“ extrahiert. Zudem wurden eingeschlossene Projekte in verschiedene Ansätze im Setting Kommune unterteilt. Im nächsten Schritt wurden Projekte mit einer dokumentierten Prozess- und/oder Ergebnisevaluation anhand von Qualitätskriterien in den Bereichen Konzipierung, Implementierung und Evaluation bewertet. Projekte, die mindestens 50 % der Qualitätskriterien erfüllten, wurden als Good-Pratice-Projekte ausgewählt. Insgesamt wurden 240 Projekte der kbG erfasst. Im ländlichen Raum wurden primär umweltbezogene Ansätze und im städtischen Raum vermehrt Mehrkomponentenansätze sowie Angebote und Veranstaltungen umgesetzt. 45 Projekte wiesen eine ausreichende Dokumentation der Prozess- und/oder Ergebnisevaluation auf, wovon 17 Projekte als Good-Practice identifiziert wurden. Optimierungspotenzial besteht bei der Adressierung von gesundheitlicher Chancengleichheit, einer aktiven Beteiligung von Menschen in schwierigen Lebenslagen über den gesamten Projektzyklus sowie der Implementierung von Mehrkomponentenansätzen. Dies erfordert Förderprogramme, die strukturbildende Good-Practice-Projekte ermöglichen und insbesondere deprivierte Kommunen erreichen. Ein von Akteur:innen aus Wissenschaft, Praxis und Politik gemeinsam verabschiedeter Standard zur Anwendung der Qualitätskriterien und einer damit einhergehenden Legitimation für die Bezeichnung als Good-Practice könnte einen Mehrwert für die strategische Weiterentwicklung der kbG in Deutschland bieten.