bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the pretreatment of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) osmotic solution on physical properties of the material
Authors: Zimmer Aleksandra , Masztalerz Klaudia , Lech Krzysztof 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study investigates the osmotic dehydration of garlic in osmotic solution (OS) prepared from tomato juice with the addition of basil extract. Garlic was pretreated using blanching and freezing at different temperatures in order to determine the effect of thermal pretreatments on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration (OD). Moreover, the pH of OS was gradually lowered (with citric acid or ascorbic acid) from pH = 3.5 to 2.0 prior to OD to study the effect of pH on the mass transfer during OD process. The study found that thermal pretreatment significantly affected solid gain and water loss during OD. It was shown that acidification of the OS improved mass transfer between garlic and OS, and the relationship between viscosity and pH of the solution was sinusoidal. It means that by changing the pH of the solution, the viscosity of the solution could be lowered. Moreover, it was shown that the lower the viscosity of the OS, the higher the water loss and solid gain, and the relationship between the two is linear.Practical ApplicationsThe presented research can be of interest to the food industry due to the results regarding the pretreatment of the raw material and OS that lead to the significant improvement of the mass transfer during osmotic dehydration. It is especially important since osmotic dehydration process can allow to improve the shelf life of the product by reducing the water activity of the material. Moreover, when osmotic dehydration is performed in concentrated juices it can affect the quality of the material by incorporating health‐promoting compounds from the solution. The study found that lowering the pH of the OS to an appropriate degree significantly increases water loss and solid gain. Similar results can be obtained when freezing the raw material at −20°C, which, however, increases the overall energy consumption of the process. In addition, the study shows that other thermal treatments (freezing at −40°C, −80°C, freezing in N2, and blanching) affected mass transfer less effectively than acidification of OS. Moreover, changing the pH of the solution generates much lower energy consumption than the thermal treatment of the material, while saving overall processing time.
Evaluation of marginal and internal fit of single crowns manufactured with an analog workflow and three CAD‐CAM systems: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Sanchez‐Lara Alejandro , Hosney Sherif , Lampraki Evangelina , Conejo Julian , Blatz Markus B. , Barmak Abdul Basir , Ercoli Carlo , Chochlidakis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThis prospective clinical study evaluated and compared the marginal and internal fit of crowns fabricated with an analog workflow and three different computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) systems.Materials and methodsTwenty‐five participants in need of a single complete‐coverage molar or premolar crown were recruited in the study. Twenty‐two completed the study, and three participants dropped out. Teeth were prepared according to a standardized protocol by one operator. For each participant, one final impression was made with polyether material (PP) and three intraoral scanners: CEREC Omnicam (C), Planmeca Planscan (PM), and True Definition (TR). For the PP group, crowns were fabricated with a pressable lithium disilicate ceramic, whereas for the other three groups (C, PM, and TR), crowns were designed and milled with dedicated CAD–CAM systems and materials. Marginal (vertical and horizontal) and internal discrepancies between the crowns and tooth preparation were measured at various locations with digital superimposition software. Data was analyzed for normality with Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests and then compared with one‐way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsMean vertical marginal gap values were 92.18 ± 141.41 μm (PP), 150.12 ± 138.06 μm (C), 129.07 ± 109.96 μm (PM), and 135.09 ± 112.03 μm (TR). PP group had statistically significantly smaller vertical marginal discrepancy (p = 0.001) than all other groups, whereas no significant difference was detected among the three CAD–CAM systems (C, PM, and TR). Horizontal marginal discrepancies were 104.93 ± 111.96 μm (PP), 89.49 ± 119.66 μm (C), 113.36 ± 128.49 μm (PM), and 136.39 ± 142.52 μm (TR). A significant difference was detected only between C and TR (p < 0.0001). Values for the internal fit were 128.40 ± 49.31μm (PP), 190.70 ± 69.79μm (C), 146.30 ± 57.70 μm (PM), and 168.20 ± 86.67 μm (TR). The PP group had a statistically significant smaller internal discrepancy than C (p < 0.0001) and TR groups (p = 0.001), whereas no significant difference was found compared to the PM group.ConclusionPosterior crowns fabricated with CAD–CAM systems showed vertical margin discrepancy greater than 120 μm. Only crowns fabricated with the conventional methodology had vertical margins below 100 μm. Horizontal marginal discrepancy was different among all groups, and only CEREC CAD–CAM was below 100 μm. Internal discrepancy was less for crowns fabricated with an analog workflow.
Fatty liver disease, heart rate and cardiac remodelling: Evidence from the UK Biobank
Authors: Jamialahmadi Oveis , Tavaglione Federica , Rawshani Araz , Ljungman Charlotta , Romeo Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsGrowing evidence supports an association between fatty liver disease (FLD) and cardiac dysfunction and remodelling, leading to cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Herein, we investigated the independent contribution of FLD to cardiac dysfunction and remodelling in participants from the UK Biobank with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data available.MethodsA total of 18 848 Europeans without chronic viral hepatitis and valvular heart diseases, with liver magnetic resonance imaging and CMR data were included in the analyses. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were collected using standardized procedures. Multivariable regression models were used to test the association between FLD and CMR endpoints, after adjusting for several cardiometabolic risk factors. Linear regression models with regularization (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator [LASSO], Ridge and Elastic Net) were used to generate predictive models for heart‐related endpoints.ResultsFLD was independently associated with higher average heart rate, higher cardiac remodelling (higher eccentricity ratio and lower remodelling index), lower left and right ventricular volumes (end‐systolic, end‐diastolic and stroke volumes) as well as with lower left and right atrial maximal volumes (p < 0.001). FLD was the strongest positive predictor for average heart rate, followed by age, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Male sex was the strongest positive predictor for eccentricity ratio followed by FLD, age, hypertension and BMI. For LV volumes, FLD was the strongest negative predictor along with age.ConclusionsFLD is an independent predictor of higher heart rate and early cardiac remodelling associated with reduced ventricular volumes.
Does surround‐bidding corruption hurt procurers?
Authors: Lu Yuanzhu , Yin Xundong , Zhang Hu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider a model of corruption in the form of surround‐bidding in a first‐price procurement auction in which bidders' private cost follows uniform distribution. We find that the briber's high‐price bidding function is less aggressive than honest suppliers' while his low‐price one is more aggressive. As the bribery cost increases, both the briber's low‐price and high‐price bidding functions become less aggressive. The winning probability and expected profit of the briber increase, while the winning probability and expected profit of honest suppliers decrease. Surprisingly, although the briber's high‐price bid may be the winning bid, which is harmful to the procurer, the procurer's expected payment decreases, that is, the procurer benefits from surround‐bidding corruption, because the benefit due to more intense competition outweighs the harm caused by the briber's high‐price bid.
Attention‐guided multiscale neural network for defect detection in sewer pipelines
Authors: Li Yanfen , Wang Hanxiang , Dang L. Minh , Song Hyoung‐Kyu , Moon Hyeonjoon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSanitary sewer systems are major infrastructures in every modern city, which are essential in protecting water pollution and preventing urban waterlogging. Since the conditions of sewer systems continuously deteriorate over time due to various defects and extrinsic factors, early intervention in the defects is necessary to prolong the service life of the pipelines. However, prior works for defect inspection are limited by accuracy, efficiency, and economic cost. In addition, the current loss functions in object detection approaches are unable to handle the imbalanced data well. To address the above drawbacks, this paper proposes an automatic defect detection framework that accurately identifies and localizes eight types of defects in closed‐circuit television videos based on a deep neural network. First, an effective attention module is introduced and used in the backbone of the detector for better feature extraction. Then, a novel feature fusion mechanism is presented in the neck to alleviate the problem of feature dilution. After that, an efficient loss function that can reasonably adjust the weight of training samples is proposed to tackle the imbalanced data problem. Also, a publicly available dataset is provided for defect detection tasks. The proposed detection framework is robust against the imbalanced data and achieves a state‐of‐the‐art mean average precision of 73.4%, which is potentially applied in realistic sewer defect inspections.
Development of smart spectacles to monitor and modify myopia‐related health behaviour in children
Authors: Ramamurthy Dharani , Samuel Paulraj Angeline Kirubha , Lakshmi Teja , Rajagopalan Tejashwini , Lavanya Reddy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo develop a wearable, spectacle‐mounted, sensor‐based device to monitor and modify myopia risk factors in children, namely near‐working distance, light levels and spectral composition.MethodsA wearable, spectacle‐mounted device has been developed, which consists of inbuilt sensors, namely: (i) light sensor to detect ambient light intensity; (ii) proximity sensor to measure near‐work distance; (iii) microspectrograph to measure spectral power for six visible channels, namely red, green, blue, yellow, orange and violet and (iv) a global positioning system tracker to track the location and the device. The sensors were programmed by Arduino Nano, and the circuit was fixed onto a printed circuit board fitted onto a spectacle frame for pilot testing. Laboratory testing of the prototype was performed using a mannequin. An alert will be set when exceeding the predetermined threshold to help control myopia risk factors.ResultsThe indoor and outdoor light levels measured using the prototype were less than and greater than 1000 lux, respectively. The actual target distance and the corresponding distance measured by the prototype were highly correlated (R2 = 0.99). The mean distance measured by the prototype was within 1.5 cm of the actual target distance for distances between 30 and 95 cm. The spectral energy of the indoor location was highest for the orange channel at about 100–160 counts/μW/cm2, whereas it was highest for the blue channel in outdoor daylight (10,000–19,000 counts/μW/cm2).ConclusionA working prototype that can simultaneously measure the viewing distance, light intensity and spectral composition has been developed.
Exploring the experiences and responses of siblings living with a brother or sister with obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Brownings Stuart , Hale Lucy , Simonds Laura M. , Jassi Amita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe impact of having a child with diagnosed obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) can reportedly cause significant disruption to caregiver routines and negatively affect their mental health. Less is known about the impact to other first‐degree relatives such as siblings due to limited research. It should not be assumed that findings in the caregiver literature can simply be applied to siblings. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the experiences and responses of cohabiting siblings of a brother or sister with an OCD diagnosis.MethodEight participant siblings were recruited from a UK specialist OCD NHS clinic and interviewed via telephone about their experiences co‐habiting with a brother or sister with OCD. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).ResultsTwo superordinate themes of ‘OCD as a dangerous dictator’ and the ‘unifying/polarising influence of OCD on relationships’ were interpreted from the eight participant experiences. Siblings spoke to OCD creating a dictatorial environment characterised by sibling loss, helplessness and adjustment. This fragile domestic environment seemingly pushed non‐anxious siblings to the periphery of the family or conversely centralised their position through parentification.ConclusionsMany of the sibling experiences of frustration, distress avoidance, helplessness and symptom accommodation are mirrored in the burgeoning caregiver literature. Longitudinal studies are required to track sibling experiences over the course of their siblings OCD journey and expand our knowledge in this area. Counselling services, sibling support groups and inclusion in family assessment, formulation and treatment are possible avenues of exploration for siblings of those with an OCD diagnosis.
Taiwan's National Health Insurance at the Emergency Department following the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Lin Pei‐Ying , Kaplan Warren , Lin Chia‐Hung , Lee Yen‐Han 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTaiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) is a widely acclaimed universal healthcare system. In the past few years, particularly following the COVID‐19 outbreak, challenges related to maintaining the NHI system have surfaced. Since 2020, NHI has faced a series of challenges, including excessive patient visits to the hospital emergency department, a lack of an effective primary care and referral system, and a high turnover rate of healthcare workers. We review major problems related to Taiwan's NHI, emphasizing input from frontline healthcare workers. We provide recommendations for potential policies addressing the concerns around NHI, for example, strengthening the role of primary care services under the NHI administration, reducing the high turnover rate of healthcare workers, and increase the premium and copayments. We hope that this policy analysis may allow policymakers and scholars to understand both the merits and critical problems related to NHI from the clinical perspective.
Case–control study of exclusive breast feeding and severe bronchiolitis in the United States
Authors: Geller Ruth J. , Inhofe Nancy R. , Crifase Cassandra C. , Espinola Janice A. , Gallegos Catalina , Herrera Nicole , Mitri Elie , Qi Ying (Shelly) , Sullivan Ashley F. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBronchiolitis is a major cause of infant illness, with few known modifiable risk factors. Breast feeding may reduce risk of severe bronchiolitis, but the association of exclusive vs. partial breast feeding with severe bronchiolitis is unclear.ObjectiveTo estimate the association of exclusive vs. partial breast feeding during ages 0–2.9 months with bronchiolitis hospitalisation during infancy.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study as a secondary analysis of two prospective US cohorts in the Multicenter Airway Research Collaboration. Cases were enrolled in a 17‐centre study of infants hospitalised for bronchiolitis during 2011–2014 (n = 921). Controls were enrolled in a five‐centre study of healthy infants during 2013–2014 and 2017 (n = 719). Breast feeding history during ages 0–2.9 months was collected by parent interview. Among breastfed infants, the association of exclusive vs. partial breast feeding with odds of bronchiolitis hospitalisation was estimated using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for demographic variables, parental asthma history, and early‐life exposures. As a secondary analysis, we estimated the associations of exclusive, predominant, and occasional breast feeding vs. no breast feeding with the odds of bronchiolitis hospitalisation.ResultsAmong 1640 infants, the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 187/921 (20.3%) among cases and 275/719 (38.3%) among controls. Exclusive vs. partial breast feeding was associated with 48% reduced odds of bronchiolitis hospitalisation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39, 0.69). In the secondary analysis, exclusive vs. no breast feeding was associated with 58% reduced odds of bronchiolitis hospitalisation (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23, 0.77), whereas predominant breast feeding (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.37, 1.57) and occasional breast feeding (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.57, 1.69) were not associated with meaningfully reduced odds of bronchiolitis hospitalisation.ConclusionExclusive breast feeding had a strong protective association against bronchiolitis hospitalisation.
Low tariff on dirty goods—Environmental negligence or environmental concern?
Authors: Marjit Sugata , Mukherjee Arijit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShapiro (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2021) conducts an in‐depth empirical analysis to show that dirtier upstream goods face lower import tariffs than cleaner downstream goods. Inspired by that paper, we examine how the welfare maximizing tariffs on the final goods will differ depending on the dirtiness and the extent of cross border pollution. We show that countries concerned about controlling pollution but maximizing own welfare would be encouraged toward relatively unfettered import of dirtier final goods if pollution is mainly generated through domestic production. We discuss the implications of global welfare maximizing tariff protection, pollution taxes, and multiple tradable products.
Unravelling megaturbidite deposition: Evidence for turbidite stacking/amalgamation and seiche influence during the 1601 ce earthquake at Lake Lucerne, Switzerland
Authors: Vermassen Flor , Van Daele Maarten , Praet Nore , Cnudde Veerle , Kissel Catherine , Anselmetti Flavio S. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTMegaturbidites are commonly used to reconstruct the seismic history (palaeoseismology) of areas where large earthquakes occur. However, the depositional mechanisms and sedimentary characteristics of these deposits are not yet fully understood. This study unravels the sequence of sediment deposition that occurred in Lake Lucerne (Vitznau Basin) following the 1601 ce earthquake in central Switzerland. During this event, slope failures were triggered, generating mass flows and turbidity currents that led to the formation of mass‐transport deposits and a megaturbidite. These deposits are sampled in 28 sediment cores, which are examined with X‐ray computed tomography scans (medical and μCT), grain‐size analysis and natural remanent magnetisation. This suite of analyses allows a detailed reconstruction of turbidite stacking and amalgamation in the centre of the basin, followed by settling of finer sediments influenced by a lake seiche. Initial deposition of mass‐transport deposits is followed by sandy turbidites reaching the depocentre. Some of these turbidite sands can be linked to their source areas, and evidence is found of some turbidites being overridden by mass flows in the peripheral parts of the megaturbidite deposit. Hereafter, sedimentation becomes controlled by seiche‐induced currents, which rework fine sediments upon deposition, leading to subtle grain‐size variations at the base of the seiche‐influenced sub‐unit and a ponded geometry of the megaturbidite. As the seiche movement dampens, a relatively muddy, homogeneous sub‐unit is deposited that drapes the basin plain. Overall, this study provides the first highly detailed sedimentological analysis of megaturbidite deposition in a lake, demonstrating the distinct sedimentological imprint of lake seiching and turbidite amalgamation/stacking. This will improve the recognition and interpretation of earthquake‐induced megaturbidites in other lake records or isolated basins, and demonstrates the value of using (μ)CT scans in combination with traditional sedimentological parameters to reconstruct the depositional processes of megaturbidites.
Regional geographies of climate change
Authors: Paasi Anssi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThis essay is a commentary on Peter Taylor's article ‘The geographical ontology challenge in attending to anthropogenic climate change: regional geography revisited’. Taylor's article develops, in the context climate change, several themes that he has outlined during his long career. This commentary focuses particularly on the contested (discursive) regional, regional geographical and state‐centric frames critically examined in Taylor's paper. Despite the mushrooming literature on climate change, ontological issues related to regionality/spatialities explored by Taylor have been largely overlooked. He introduces a useful multi‐scalar and multi‐dimensional framework for problematizing the ontologies of the spatialities related to climate change emergency. This commentary focuses on this framework in the context of regional geography. Since regional/territorial, particularly state‐centric frames are frequently taken for granted, Taylor's proposal is very welcome and provides a valuable addition not only to the debate on climate change but also to the ongoing resurgence of regional geography and regional thinking.
Indian Himalayan natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions with abolished miR158 levels exhibit robust miR173‐initiated trans‐acting cascade silencing
Authors: Tripathi Abhinandan Mani , Singh Rajneesh , Verma Ashwani Kumar , Singh Akanksha , Mishra Parneeta , Dwivedi Varun , Narayan Shiv , Gandhivel Vivek Hari Sundar , Shirke Pramod Arvind , Shivaprasad Padubidri V. , Roy Sribash 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYSmall RNAs (sRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short 20–24‐nucleotide non‐coding RNAs. They are key regulators of gene expression in plants and other organisms. Several 22‐nucleotide miRNAs trigger biogenesis cascades of trans‐acting secondary siRNAs, which are involved in various developmental and stress responses. Here we show that Himalayan Arabidopsis thaliana accessions having natural mutations in the miR158 locus exhibit robust cascade silencing of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)‐like locus. Furthermore, we show that these cascade sRNAs trigger tertiary silencing of a gene involved in transpiration and stomatal opening. The natural deletions or insertions in MIR158 led to improper processing of miR158 precursors, thereby blocking synthesis of mature miR158. Reduced miR158 levels led to increased levels of its target, a pseudo‐PPR gene that is targeted by tasiRNAs generated by the miR173 cascade in other accessions. Using sRNA datasets derived from Indian Himalayan accessions, as well as overexpression and knockout lines of miR158, we show that absence of miR158 led to buildup of pseudo‐PPR‐derived tertiary sRNAs. These tertiary sRNAs mediated robust silencing of a gene involved in stomatal closure in Himalayan accessions lacking miR158 expression. We functionally validated the tertiary phasiRNA that targets NHX2, which encodes a Na+‐K+/H+ antiporter protein, thereby regulating transpiration and stomatal conductance. Overall, we report the role of the miRNA–TAS–siRNA–pseudogene–tertiary phasiRNA–NHX2 pathway in plant adaptation.