bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Association of Pelvis-Knee-Ankle Angle Compared With Hip-Knee-Ankle Angle With Knee Adduction Moment and Patient-Reported Outcomes After High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Iwasaki Koji , Ohkoshi Yasumitsu , Hosokawa Yoshiaki , Chida Shuya , Ukishiro Kengo , Kawakami Kensaku , Suzuki Sho’ji , Maeda Tatsunori , Onodera Tomohiro , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: February 2023

Background: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) reduces the load distribution of the medial compartment by modifying leg alignment. Knee adduction moment (KAM), a surrogate measure of dynamic loading in the knee joint, decreases after HTO. However, leg alignment does not fully account for KAM. Purpose: To assess the association between the pelvis-knee-ankle angle (PKA), a novel radiographic parameter reflecting leg alignment and pelvic width, and KAM and patient-reported outcomes after HTO. Study Design: Cross sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: PKA is the angle between the line from the midpoint of the anterior superior iliac spine to the center of the knee joint and the mechanical axis of the tibia. In this study, 54 patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and varus alignment who underwent 3-dimensional gait analysis preoperatively and 2 years after medial open-wedge HTO were evaluated. The primary outcomes were hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), PKA, KAM peaks, and Knee Society Score (KSS). Single and multivariate regression analysis including PKA and KAM peaks as well as other demographic and radiologic factors was performed. Results: HKA was weakly correlated with the first peak KAM ( r = −0.33; P < .01) and second peak KAM ( r = −0.27; P = .01) before HTO, but not significantly correlated after HTO. PKA was moderately correlated with the first peak KAM ( r = 0.45; P < .01) and second peak KAM ( r = 0.45; P < .01) before HTO and with the first peak KAM ( r = 0.51; P < .01) and second peak KAM ( r = 0.56; P < .01) after HTO. Multivariate linear regression revealed that postoperative PKA was still associated with the KAM peaks after HTO. Only postoperative PKA was correlated with the KSS satisfaction subscale ( r = −0.30; P = .03). Conclusion: Although HKA was not correlated with KAM peaks after HTO, PKA was significantly correlated with KAM peaks in patients with varus knee osteoarthritis after HTO.
Transoral Approach Used to Remove a Giant Sialolith
Authors: Butt Fawzia 
Published: February 2023

Study Design: Case Report.Objective: Sialoliths are a cause of Sialolithiasis affecting an estimated 12 in 1000 adult population. The patient’s presentation vary from being asymptomatic to pain with swelling and purulent discharge if accompanied with a infection. Giant sialoliths greater than 15 mm are rare. The purpose of the article is to document and educate clinicians on the management of giant sialoliths with possible sparing of the salivary gland.Methods: This report documents a patient with a sialolith measuring 45 mm in the widest diameter removed using a trans-oral approach.Results: The patient presented with an intra-oral sialolith which was asymptomatic except for the hard swelling felt cervically. Clinical examination and radiographic imaging was adequate for a diagnosis and the fact that there was no tenderness over the glandular area a decision to spare the gland was made.Conclusion: There are few reports of giant sialoliths and majority present with sialadenitis. In this case it was rare for the stone to have reached this size with hardly any symptoms. In patients where the gland has not been affected clinicians may consider sparing it and remove only the sialolith to reduce the morbidity and risks associated with glandular excision.
Evaluation of a decided sample size in machine learning applications
Authors: Rajput Daniyal , Wang Wei-Jen , Chen Chun-Chuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
An appropriate sample size is essential for obtaining a precise and reliable outcome of a study. In machine learning (ML), studies with inadequate samples suffer from overfitting of data and have a lower probability of producing true effects, while the increment in sample size increases the accuracy of prediction but may not cause a significant change after a certain sample size. Existing statistical approaches using standardized mean difference, effect size, and statistical power for determining sample size are potentially biased due to miscalculations or lack of experimental details. This study aims to design criteria for evaluating sample size in ML studies. We examined the average and grand effect sizes and the performance of five ML methods using simulated datasets and three real datasets to derive the criteria for sample size. We systematically increase the sample size, starting from 16, by randomly sampling and examine the impact of sample size on classifiers’ performance and both effect sizes. Tenfold cross-validation was used to quantify the accuracy.

Results
The results demonstrate that the effect sizes and the classification accuracies increase while the variances in effect sizes shrink with the increment of samples when the datasets have a good discriminative power between two classes. By contrast, indeterminate datasets had poor effect sizes and classification accuracies, which did not improve by increasing sample size in both simulated and real datasets. A good dataset exhibited a significant difference in average and grand effect sizes. We derived two criteria based on the above findings to assess a decided sample size by combining the effect size and the ML accuracy. The sample size is considered suitable when it has appropriate effect sizes (≥ 0.5) and ML accuracy (≥ 80%). After an appropriate sample size, the increment in samples will not benefit as it will not significantly change the effect size and accuracy, thereby resulting in a good cost-benefit ratio.

Conclusion
We believe that these practical criteria can be used as a reference for both the authors and editors to evaluate whether the selected sample size is adequate for a study.
Impact of postoperative intravenous iron therapy on postoperative infections in older patients with severe anaemia after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Hansen Lene T. , Riis Johannes , Kragholm Kristian H. , Larsen Lis K. , Cavallius Christian , Mørch Marianne M. , Clemmensen Silas Z. , Krogager Maria L. , Melgaard Dorte 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia is common following hip fracture in ortho-geriatric patients and is associated with postoperative infections.. This study investigated whether intravenous iron supplements reduced the rate of postoperative infections within 30 days postoperatively in older adults after hip fracture surgery.MethodsThis observational study included 198 ortho-geriatric patients July 2018—May 2020. In May 2019 a local guideline was implemented and recommended II therapy on the 3rdpostoperative day if haemoglobin concentration was < 6.5 mmol/L after hip fracture surgery.ResultsThe patients were divided into four treatment groups: blood transfusion (n = 44), IV iron (n = 69), blood transfusion + IV iron (n = 35) and no treatment (n = 50). The number of patients who had an infection within 30 days was similar in the two time periods (38.8% before vs. 38.9% after systematic I.V. iron supplementation,P = 1.00) and no significant difference according to risk of infection was found between treatment groups.ConclusionThis study documents no effect of intravenous iron supplements on postoperative infections in older adults after hip fracture surgery.Trial registrationThe study was registered with the Danish Data Protection Authority (2008–58-0028) the 2thof September 2019.
The effect of distance nurse-led fatigue management on fatigue, sleep quality, and self-efficacy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Qomi Mahla , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Ebrahimi Monfared Mohsen , Khademian Zahra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Fatigue is one of the most common problems in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and has adverse effects on their sleep status and self-efficacy. This study aimed to determine the effect of distance nurse-led fatigue management on fatigue, sleep quality, and self-efficacy in patients with MS.

Methods
This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 patients with MS in Arak, Iran. Subjects were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received eight sessions of nurse-led fatigue management training through the Skyroom platform. The control group received only the usual programs. Data were collected before and two months after the intervention using the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale. The significance level in this study was determined 0.05.

Results
After the intervention, the mean score of fatigue severity in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (2.52 ± 0.40 vs 5.65 ± 0.52) (P < 0.001). Also, after the intervention, the mean score of self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (49.37 ± 3.25 vs 24.43 ± 2.52) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, after the intervention the mean score of sleep quality was lower in intervention group (11.92 ± 2.01) than the control group (15.46 ± 1.40) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Distance nurse-led fatigue management improved fatigue, sleep quality, and self-efficacy in patients with MS. We recommend the use of these courses as an important step toward improving fatigue, sleep quality, and self-efficacy among these patients.
Putting non-communicable disease data to work in Vietnam: an investigation of community health surveillance capacity
Authors: Nguyen Thu Nam T. , Nguyen Thi Tho T. , Tran Bao Quoc , Pham Cong Tuan , Perry Kelly E. , Haregu Tilahun , Oldenburg Brian , Kowal Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Despite the public health system’s critical role in non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance in Vietnam, limited evidence exists on the implementation of NCD surveillance activities within these systems and the need for capacity building across different system levels to meet expected NCD surveillance goals. This study aimed to evaluate the status of and describe factors affecting the implementation of NCD surveillance activities and to identify the NCD surveillance capacity building needs of the public health system in Vietnam.

Methods
We used a mixed-methods approach in four provinces, conducting self-completed surveys of staff from six Preventive Medicine Institutes (PHI), 53 Centres for Disease Control (CDC) and 148 commune health stations (CHS), as well as 14 in-depth interviews and 22 focus group discussions at four PHI, four CDC, and eight district health centres and CHS.

Results
Study findings highlighted that although Vietnam has a well-functioning NCD surveillance system, a number of quality issues related to NCD surveillance data were salient. Multifactorial reasons were identified for incomplete, unconfirmed, and inaccurate mortality data and current disease surveillance data. Data on NCD management and treatment were reported to be of better quality than data for screening, targeted treatment, and counselling communication. Main factors affected the effective implementation of NCD surveillance, namely lack of complete and specific guidelines for NCD surveillance, limitations in human resource capacity within NCD departments, and shortage of funding for NCD surveillance activities.

Conclusion
Study findings provide practical strategies for strengthening health system capacity for NCD surveillance through developing policies, guidelines, and standardised tools to guide NCD surveillance and a road map for integrated NCD surveillance, developing training packages and manuals for all levels of the health system, and conducting utilisation-focused surveillance training programs.
SARS-CoV-2 spread and area economic disadvantage in the italian three-tier restrictions: a multilevel approach
Authors: Dei Bardi Luca , Acampora Anna , Cacciani Laura , Di Martino Mirko , Agabiti Nera , Davoli Marina , Cesaroni Giulia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
To face the second wave of COVID-19, Italy implemented a tiered restriction system with different limitation levels (yellow = medium; orange = medium-high, red = high) at the beginning of November 2020. The restrictions systematically reduced the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with increasing strength for increasing tier. However, it is unknown whether the effect of limitations was equal between provinces with different socioeconomic levels. Therefore, we investigated the association between the province’s socioeconomic level and SARS-CoV-2 infection daily reproduction number in each restriction level.

Methods
We measured the province’s socioeconomic level as the percentage of individuals whose 2019 total yearly income was lower than 10,000€, using the measure as a proxy of economic disadvantage. We estimated the daily reproduction number (Rt) at the province level using the SARS-CoV-2 daily incidence data from November 2020 to May 2021. We then used multilevel linear regression models with random intercepts stratified by restriction level to estimate the association between economic disadvantage and Rt. We also adjusted the analyses for potential confounders of the association between the province’s economic disadvantage and the Rt: the percentage of people with 0–5 years, the quartiles of population density, and the geographical repartition.

Results
Overall, we found increasing Rt in yellow (+ 0.004 p < 0.01, from Rt = 0.99 to 1.08 in three weeks) and containing effects for the orange (-0.005 p < 0.01, from Rt = 1.03 to 0.93) and the red tier (-0.014 p < 0.01, from Rt = 1.05 to 0.76). More economically disadvantaged provinces had higher Rt levels in every tier, although non-significantly in the yellow level (yellow = 0.001 p = 0.19; orange = 0.002 p = 0.02; red = 0.004 p < 0.01). The results showed that the association between economic disadvantage and Rt differed by level of restriction. The number of days into the restriction and the economic disadvantage had statistically significant interactions in every adjusted model. Compared to better off, more economically disadvantaged provinces had slower increasing trends in yellow and steeper Rt reductions in orange, but they showed slower Rt reductions in the highest tier.

Conclusion
Lower tiers were more effective in more economically disadvantaged provinces, while the highest restriction level had milder effects. These results underline the importance of accounting for socioeconomic level when implementing public health measures.
mDIXON-Quant technique diagnostic accuracy for assessing bone mineral density in male adult population
Authors: Tang Rui , Tang Guangyu , Hua Ting , Tu Yun , Ji Rui , Zhu Jingqi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the diagnostic efficacy of mDIXON-Quant technique for prediction of bone loss in male adults.MethodsOne hundred thirty-eight male adults were divided into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on DXA and QCT for the lumbar spine. Differences in mDIXON-Quant parameters [fat fraction (FF) and T2*value] among three groups, as well as the correlation of mDIXON-Quant parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed. The areas under the curves (AUCs) for mDIXON-Quant parameters for prediction of low bone mass were calculated.ResultsAccording to DXA standard, FF and T2*value were significantly increased in osteoporosis group compared with normal group (P = 0.012 andP < 0.001). According to QCT standard, FF was significantly increased in osteopenia and osteoporosis groups compared with normal group (bothP < 0.001). T2*values were significantly different among three groups (allP < 0.05). After correction for age and body mass index, FF was negatively correlated with areal BMD and volumetric BMD (r = -0.205 and -0.604, respectively; bothP < 0.05), and so was T2*value (r = -0.324 and -0.444, respectively; bothP < 0.05). The AUCs for predicting low bone mass according to DXA and QCT standards were 0.642 and 0.898 for FF, 0.648 and 0.740 for T2*value, and 0.677 and 0.920 for both combined, respectively.ConclusionsFF combined with T2*value has a better diagnostic efficacy than FF or T2*value alone in prediction of low bone mass in male adults, which is expected to be a promising MRI method for the screening of bone quality.Trial registrationChiCTR1900024511 (Registered 13–07-2019).
Uptight responses between clenching and forearm raising with factors of visual feedback and maintenance effort in healthy young women: An experimental study on factorial design
Authors: Zhou Lijuan , Li Baoyong , Zheng Xianyu , Guo Shaoxiong , Zhang Yuan , Chen Changsheng , Wang Kelun , Wang Meiqing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
To achieve different central preset force levels requires various fine-tuning efforts and may elicit different uptight responses. The mandibular lever system has a distinct regularity in the fine-tuning function of the upper limbs. The purpose of the present study was to detect whether the uptight responses elicited from motivating clenching differ from those induced by motivating forearm raising at different force levels.

Methods
Twenty-five healthy females were enrolled in this study. The target was low, medium, and maximum force levels with or without visual feedback and/or maintenance effort. Surface electromyographic (SEMG) activity was recorded from the bilateral anterior temporalis and masseter or left biceps brachii muscle (BicL), and the T-Scan III System synchronously recorded the sensitive force values. The uptight responses and task difficulties were recorded for occlusal and left forearm lifting tasks using a unique visual analogue scale.

Results
The highest uptight response value was achieved at a low clenching force level with visual feedback requiring no maintenance effort but at a maximum forearm-raising force level with visual feedback and maintenance effort. The SEMG activities of both jaw-closing muscles and BicL were associated with the central preset force level (P < 0.001). However, the maintenance effort only increased the jaw-closing muscles’ SEMG activity at the maximal force level (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Clenching at the central preset lower force level with visual feedback is prone to elicit a higher degree of uptight response. The constant need for a low-intensity bite can have a negative effect on an individual's mood.
Subsequence and distant supervision based active learning for relation extraction of Chinese medical texts
Authors: Ye Qi , Cai Tingting , Ji Xiang , Ruan Tong , Zheng Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, relation extraction on unstructured texts has become an important task in medical research. However, relation extraction requires a large amount of labeled corpus, manually annotating sequences is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, efficient and economical methods for annotating sequences are required to ensure the performance of relational extraction. This paper proposes a method of subsequence and distant supervision based active learning. The method is annotated by selecting information-rich subsequences as a sampling unit instead of the full sentences in traditional active learning. Additionally, the method saves the labeled subsequence texts and their corresponding labels in a dictionary which is continuously updated and maintained, and pre-labels the unlabeled set through text matching based on the idea of distant supervision. Finally, the method combines a Chinese-RoBERTa-CRF model for relation extraction in Chinese medical texts. Experimental results test on the CMeIE dataset achieves the best performance compared to existing methods. And the best F1 value obtained between different sampling strategies is 55.96%.
Analysis and identification of drug similarity through drug side effects and indications data
Authors: Torab-Miandoab Amir , Poursheikh Asghari Mehdi , Hashemzadeh Nastaran , Ferdousi Reza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The measurement of drug similarity has many potential applications for assessing drug therapy similarity, patient similarity, and the success of treatment modalities. To date, a family of computational methods has been employed to predict drug-drug similarity. Here, we announce a computational method for measuring drug-drug similarity based on drug indications and side effects.

Methods
The model was applied for 2997 drugs in the side effects category and 1437 drugs in the indications category. The corresponding binary vectors were built to determine the Drug-drug similarity for each drug. Various similarity measures were conducted to discover drug-drug similarity.

Results
Among the examined similarity methods, the Jaccard similarity measure was the best in overall performance results. In total, 5,521,272 potential drug pair's similarities were studied in this research. The offered model was able to predict 3,948,378 potential similarities.

Conclusion
Based on these results, we propose the current method as a robust, simple, and quick approach to identifying drug similarity.
A novel, accurate, and non-invasive liquid biopsy test to measure cellular immune responses as a tool to diagnose early-stage lung cancer: a clinical trials study
Authors: Shai Shafrira , Patolsky Fernando , Drori Hagai , Scheinman Eyal J. , Davidovits Eyal , Davidovits Giora , Tirman Shoval , Arber Nadir , Katz Amit , Adir Yochai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of death from cancer, worldwide. Developing early detection diagnostic methods, especially non-invasive methods, is a critical component to raising the overall survival rate and prognosis for lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate two protocols of a novel in vitro cellular immune response test to detect lung cancer. The test specifically quantifies the glycolysis metabolism pathway, which is a biomarker for the activation level of immune cells. It summarizes the results of two clinical trials, where each deploys a different protocol's version of this test for the detection of lung cancer. In the later clinical trial, an improved test protocol is applied.

Method
The test platform is based on changes in the metabolic pathways of the immune cells following their activation by antigenic stimuli associated with Lung cancer. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells are loaded on a multiwell plate together with various lung tumor associated antigens and a fluorescent probe that exhibits a pH-dependent absorption shift. The acidification process in the extracellular fluid is monitored by a commercial fluorescence plate reader device in continuous reading for 3 h at 37 °C to document the fluorescent signal received from each well.

Results
In the later clinical trial, an improved test protocol was applied and resulted in increased test accuracy. Specificity of the test increased to 94.0% and test sensitivity increased to 97.3% in lung cancer stage I, by using the improved protocol.

Conclusion
The improved protocol of the novel cellular immune metabolic response based test detects stage I and stage II of lung cancer with high specificity and sensitivity, with low material costs and fast results.