bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of legal rights for intersex persons: Part II: Advancement
Authors: Felthous Alan R. , Kahlon Chanchal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHaving addressed the nature and complexity of intersexuality including commonalities with and differences from the transgender condition, we now address major legal challenges to the bisexual status quo through the legal advancement of rights for intersexual persons. Identified here are four domains in which the rights of intersex individuals are being advanced through litigation and legislation: (a) Sex assignment at birth and in early childhood, including the individual's right to consent and self‐determination and to be spared from surgery that is not needed for medical reasons; (b) the right to change one's legal sex on legal documents such as birth certificates and passports, (c) the right of intersex persons to marry, and (d) the right not to be discriminated against. Within this legal framework, we identify commonalities with and differences from the struggle for rights within the transgender community.
Evaluation of the Interaction Between Menthol and Camphor, Major Compounds of Clinopodium nepeta Essential Oil: Antioxidant, Anti‐inflammatory and Anticancer Activities Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Taibi Mohamed , Elbouzidi Amine , Haddou Mounir , Baraich Abdellah , Gharsallaoui Adem , Mothana Ramzi A. , Alqahtani Abdulaziz M. , Asehraou Abdeslam , Bellaouchi Reda , Addi Mohamed , El Guerrouj Bouchra , Chaabane Khalid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities of camphor, menthol, and their equimolar combination. In silico toxicity analysis confirmed the absence of toxic effects for both compounds. Antioxidant activity, assessed by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, revealed a synergistic effect of the equimolar combination with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 10.3 µg/mL (DPPH) and 8.9 µg/mL (ABTS), surpassing the efficacy of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 12.4 µg/mL). Evaluation of anti‐inflammatory activity showed that the combination more effectively inhibited 5‐lipoxygenase (72.5% vs. 48.3% for camphor and 52.9% for menthol) and COX‐1 and COX‐2 cyclooxygenases (78.1% and 79.4% respectively, vs. 60.4% and 62.7% for camphor, 64.2% and 66.3% for menthol). Anticancer activity, tested on MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and MDA‐MB‐436 breast cancer lines, revealed that the equimolar combination exhibited IC50 of 27.6, 31.2, and 36.5 µg/mL, respectively, with an IC50 of 52.3 µg/mL on normal cells, demonstrating remarkable selectivity for cancer cells. These results suggest that the camphor‐menthol combination represents a promising therapeutic approach against pathologies associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and carcinogenesis.
Evaluation of Multispecific Drugs Based on Patient‐Derived Immunocompetent Tumor Organoids
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Wu Xiangyu , Zhang Tianyang , Zhou Meng , Liu Siyang , Yang Rong , Li Jie P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe evolution of antitumor drug development has transitioned from single‐agent chemotherapy to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and more recently, multispecific drugs. These innovative drugs target multiple cellular or molecular pathways simultaneously, offering a more comprehensive anticancer approach and addressing some of the limitations inherent in traditional monotherapies. However, preclinical assessment of multispecific drugs remains challenging, as conventional tumor models often lack the necessary complexity to accurately reflect the interactions between various cell types and targets. Patient‐derived immunocompetent tumor organoids (PDITOs), which incorporate both tumor cells and immune cells, present a promising platform for the evaluation of these drugs. Beyond their use in drug evaluation, PDITOs can also be utilized in personalized drug screening and predicting patient‐specific treatment outcomes, thus advancing both multispecific drug development and precision medicine. This perspective discusses the current landscape of multispecific drug development and the methodologies for constructing PDITOs. It also addresses the associated challenges and introduces the concept of employing these organoids to optimize the evaluation and rational design of multispecific drug therapies.
Pacemaker Implantation in a Patient With Isolated Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: A Novel Approach
Authors: Shahi Shayan , Nematollahi Soroush , Vasheghani‐Farahani Ali 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTImplanting pacemakers in patients with isolated persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) present unique challenges. Recognizing venous anomalies and adapting lead placement techniques are crucial for successful outcomes and stable pacemaker function.
Atrial Septal Defect and Percutaneous Closure: Healing the Heart From Within
Authors: Acharya Rikesh , Shah Prashant , Pradhan Ayurda , Khan Sajjad Ahmed , Yadav Udip , Neupane Sudhan , Panthi Madhav 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEarly diagnosis and percutaneous closure of symptomatic adult atrial septal defects can enhance cardiac function and relieve symptoms. Thorough pre‐procedural evaluation and diligent follow‐up care are essential for achieving the best outcomes and ensuring long‐term success.
Catalytic Guaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation in Supercritical Fluids: A Review
Authors: Valizadeh Soheil , Valizadeh Behzad , Lee Jechan , Park Young‐Kwon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUpgrading bio‐oil is crucial for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a key technology for upgrading bio‐oil and removing oxygen in the form of water, typically under pressurized hydrogen. However, the use of high‐pressure hydrogen is limited by several factors (e.g., storage safety issues). This review primarily discusses the substantial advantages of catalytic HDO in supercritical fluids, which overcome the need for external H2 while providing a wider range of products. In particular, this study focuses on ethanol and methanol as effective H‐donor solvents for HDO processes due to their ability to provide active hydrogen under relatively mild conditions, along with their multifunctionality as both solvents and H‐donors and their potential to enhance mass‐ and heat‐transfer efficiencies. Guaiacol was chosen as the HDO feedstock because it can be found abundantly in bio‐oil. Furthermore, the effects of the catalyst properties (e.g., pore size, acidity, and acidic and metallic site distribution) and reaction conditions on the reaction efficiency and product distribution are discussed. This review also describes technical challenges, proposes solutions, and outlines future research directions for advancing the supercritical HDO processes with the aim of guiding future studies toward more effective and sustainable HDO‐based biofuel‐upgrading technologies.
Can using the Cochrane RCT classifier in EPPI‐Reviewer help speed up study selection in qualitative evidence syntheses? A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Ames Heather Melanie R. , Hestevik Christine Hillestad , Jardim Patricia Sofia Jacobsen , Larsen Martin Smådal , Langøien Lars Jørun , Bergsund Hans Bugge , Borge Tiril Cecilie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionUsing machine learning functions, such as study design classifiers, to automatically identify studies that do not meet the inclusion criteria, is one way to speed up the systematic review screening process. As a qualitative study design classifier is yet to be developed, using the Cochrane randomized controlled trial (RCT) classifier in reverse is one possible way to speed up the identification of primary qualitative studies during screening. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the Cochrane RCT classifier can be used to speed up the study selection process for qualitative evidence synthesis (QES).MethodsWe performed a retrospective evaluation where we first identified QES. We then extracted the bibliographic information of the included primary qualitative studies in each QES, and uploaded the references into our data management tool, EPPI‐Reviewer. We then ran the Cochrane RCT classifier on each group of included studies for each QES.ResultsEighty‐two QES with 2828 unique primary studies were included in the analysis. 56% of the primary studies were classified as unlikely to be an RCT and 40% as being 0–9% likely to be an RCT. 4% were classified as being 10% or more likely to be an RCT. Of these, only 1.7% were classified as being 50% or more likely to be an RCT.ConclusionsThe Cochrane RCT classifier could be a useful tool to identify primary studies with qualitative study designs to speed up study selection in a QES. However, it is possible that mixed methods studies or qualitative studies conducted as part of a clinical trial may be missed. Further evaluations using the Cochrane RCT classifier on all the references retrieved from the complete literature search is needed to investigate time‐ and resource savings.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Propargylation of Azinium Ions via Hydroxydihydroazine Intermediates
Authors: Smithson Jack , O'Brien Luke , Jones Kieran D. , Argent Stephen P. , Wheelhouse Katherine M. , Woodward Simon , Ermanis Kristaps , Lam Hon Wai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe nucleophilic propargylation of azinium ions with a propargylboronate proceeds efficiently under gold(I) catalysis. A range of N‐alkylated pyridinium, quinolinium, and pyrazinium ions undergo propargylation with good yields and high regioselectivities to give various functionalized 1,4‐dihydropyridines, 1,2‐dihydropyridines, 1,4‐dihydroquinolines, 1,2‐dihydroquinolines, and 4,5‐dihydropyrazines. No allenylation side‐products are observed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insight into the mechanisms of these reactions. Hydroxydihydroazine intermediates formed by the addition of LiOH to the azinium ions were found to be the reactive electrophiles in these reactions.
APH Inhibitors that Reverse Aminoglycoside Resistance in Enterococcus casseliflavus
Authors: Kaplan Elise , Chaloin Laurent , Guichou Jean‐François , Berrou Kévin , Rahimova Rahila , Labesse Gilles , Lionne Corinne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAminoglycoside‐phosphotransferases (APHs) are a class of bacterial enzymes that mediate acquired resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Here we report the identification of small molecules counteracting aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus casseliflavus. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to identify an allosteric pocket in three APH enzymes belonging to 3′ and 2′′ subfamilies in which we then screened, in silico, 12,000 small molecules. From a subset of only 14 high‐scored molecules tested in vitro, we identified a compound, named here EK3, able to non‐competitively inhibit the APH(2′′)‐IVa, an enzyme mediating clinical gentamicin resistance. Structure‐activity relationship (SAR) exploration of this hit compound allowed us to identify a molecule with improved enzymatic inhibition. By measuring bacterial sensitivity, we found that the three best compounds in this series restored bactericidal activity of various aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, without exhibiting toxicity to HeLa cells. This work not only provides a basis to fight aminoglycoside resistance but also highlights a proof‐of‐concept for the search of allosteric modulators by using in silico methods.
Structure and Dynamics of Monoclonal Antibody Domains Using Spins, Scattering, and Simulations
Authors: Szalai Veronika A. , Bergonzo Christina , Lyon Rachel B. , Kelman Zvi , Schmidt Thomas , Grishaev Alexander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAntibody‐based pharmaceuticals are the leading biologic drug platform (> $75B/year).[1] Despite a wealth of information collected on them, there is still a lack of knowledge on their inter‐domain structural distributions, which impedes innovation and development. To address this measurement gap, we have developed a new methodology to derive biomolecular structure ensembles from distance distribution measurements via a library of tagged proteins bound to an unlabeled and otherwise unmodified target biologic. We have employed the NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb) reference material as our development platform for use with spin‐labeled affinity protein (SLAP) reagents. Using double electron‐electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy, we have determined inter‐spin distance distributions in SLAP complexes of both the isolated Fc domain and the intact NISTmAb. Our SLAP reagents offer a general and extendable technology, compatible with any non‐isotopically labeled immunoglobulin G class mAb. Integrating molecular simulations with the DEER and solution X‐ray scattering measurements, we enable simultaneous determination of structural distributions and dynamics of mAb‐based biologics.
Transforming Governance Into Social Value: The Critical Role of Board Culture Diversity and Anti‐Corruption Policies in Affecting Corporate Social Performance in G20 Countries
Authors: Ghazwani Musa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper tends to examine the role of board cultural diversity (BCD) in affecting corporate social performance within G20 countries, centralizing on the interaction of BCD with global initiatives to curb corruption such as OECD convention, Global Compact and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. Using data extracted from Eikon for the period 2005–2022, this study focuses on different governance systems in both developed and non‐developed G20 countries. Employing ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed‐effects, and random‐effects models, along with bootstrap standard errors and generalized method of moments, we analyze a comprehensive dataset to assess the impact of governance factors on social performance. The results reveal that BCD, OECD, the presence of anti‐bribery and corruption policies, and United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) are significantly positively related to corporate social performance in OLS 1 and OLS2 models, with significantly different fixed‐effects specifications. The outcomes assert that where BCD is related to corporate social performance, it is significantly context‐dependent and influenced by the presence of effective anti‐corruption strategies and commitment to international initiatives. The study highlights the complexity of governance influences on corporate social responsibility, emphasizing that diverse boards are most effective when embedded within effective governance framework that includes anti‐corruption and sustainability commitments.
Revealing the Dynamics of Sustainable Epoxy‐Acrylate Networks from Recycled Plastics Blends and Oligomeric Lignin Precursors
Authors: Comí Marc , Thys Marlies , Aerts Annelore , Geudens Stijn , Vloemans Sam , Feghali Elias , Vanbroekhoven Karolien , Vendamme Richard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe pursuit of carbon circularity in the fabrication of new materials has driven the increased use of recycled and biobased resources, a practice that has become more prevalent in recent years. In epoxy resin systems, alternatives to the use of fossil‐based bisphenols have been proposed such as via the production of recycled bisphenol A (r‐BPA) or by substitution with lignin derivatives, both of which are recovered from previous processes, promoting circularity. For this study, r‐BPA was obtained via the chemical recycling of plastic blends from end‐of‐life (eol) televisions (TV). Subsequent glycidylation with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and ring‐opening using acrylic acid allowed to obtain recycled bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (r‐DGEBA) and bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate (r‐DAGBA), respectively. Six thermosets were fabricated by reacting Jeffamine D230 (Jeff D230) with r‐DGEBA/r‐DAGBA in a diverse range of epoxide:acrylate (E : A) ratios. The addition of acrylates resulted in the formation of β‐amino esters (via Aza‐Michael addition), which are thermo‐reversible and allow the incorporation of dynamic bonds into the otherwise robust epoxy formulation. To evaluate the effect of the increasing biobased content, glycidylated depolymerized lignin (GDL) from hardwood was incorporated into the composition to produce five extra polymers. The crosslinked networks of these materials were extensively characterized, and the structure‐property relationship was established by comparing their thermomechanical performance. The dissociative acrylate‐amine interactions were identified under specific thermal conditions, applied systematically to program temporary shapes and analyse the crosslink reversibility of the thermosets. In summary, our findings demonstrate that recycled and biobased aromatic monomers can be incorporated to create dynamic crosslinked structures with tuneable properties, representing a step forward towards versatile, reusable, and circular materials.
A Coil With All‐Plane High Misalignment Tolerance for Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Rao Peiyao , Liu Chao , Zhou Mingzhu , Zhuang Yizhan , Zhang Yiming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe output voltage of a magnetically resonance‐coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) system is very sensitive to the coil alignment. In this paper, a novel quadrupole coil structure as a receiving coil for static charging of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) is proposed to improve the mutual inductance profile under XOY plane misalignment conditions during AGV charging. The enhanced coil structure effectively reduces the output power and voltage fluctuations. An experimental prototype is established to validate the feasibility of the proposed WPT system. The experimental results show that the output voltage fluctuation is only 10.85% over a 77.78% coil area offset area covering the whole charging plane.
Identification of the course of plastic stent‐induced pancreatic duct mucosal change in chronic pancreatitis using peroral pancreatoscopy (with video)
Authors: Takuma Kensuke , Okano Naoki , Kimura Yusuke , Watanabe Koji , Nakagawa Hiroki , Hoshi Kensuke , Miura Masashi , Tochigi Naobumi , Igarashi Yoshinori , Matsuda Takahisa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStent‐induced ductal change is a complication of endoscopic treatment of the main pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis. Most previous reports have been based on morphological duct changes observed via pancreatography. Here, we describe a case of stent‐induced ductal change in which the course of the mucosal changes was observed through peroral pancreatoscopy with a videoscopy.The patient presented with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Main pancreatic duct stenosis in the pancreatic head was identified and a 10‐Fr plastic stent was inserted. Follow‐up pancreatography revealed a focally elevated duct change of approximately 4.5 mm at the distal tip of the stent, and peroral pancreatoscopy was performed. The elevated ductal change was identified as a clear villiform‐like nodular mucosal change with the spread of pale papillary and granular mucosa. Reassessment after stent removal showed an improvement in the elevated mucosal lesion, with residual discoloration and mucosal retraction suggestive of scarring. The stent may cause irreversible changes, undetectable morphologically by pancreatography, likely underestimating stent‐induced ductal change in chronic pancreatitis.
Symbiont Community Changes Confer Fitness Benefits for Larvae in a Vertically Transmitting Coral
Authors: Olivares‐Cordero Daniel , Timmons Courtney , Kenkel Carly D. , Quigley Kate M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCoral reefs worldwide are threatened by increasing ocean temperatures because of the sensitivity of the coral‐algal symbiosis to thermal stress. Reef‐building corals form symbiotic relationships with dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae), including those species which acquire their initial symbiont complement predominately from their parents. Changes in the composition of symbiont communities, through the mechanisms of symbiont shuffling or switching, can modulate the host's thermal limits. However, the role of shuffling in coral acclimatization to heat is understudied in coral offspring and to date has largely focused on the adults. To quantify potential fitness benefits and consequences of changes in symbiont communities under a simulated heatwave in coral early life‐history stages, we exposed larvae and juveniles of the widespread, vertically transmitting coral, Montipora digitata, to heat stress (32°C) and tracked changes in their growth, survival, photosynthetic efficiency, and symbiont community composition over time relative to controls. We found negative impacts from warming in all fitness‐related traits, which varied significantly among larval families and across life‐history stages. Larvae that survived heat exposure exhibited changes in symbiont communities that favored symbionts that are canonically more stress tolerant. Compared to larvae, juveniles showed more rapid mortality under heat stress and their symbiont communities were largely fixed regardless of temperature treatment, suggesting an inability to alter their symbiont community as an acclimatory response to heat stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that capacity for symbiont shuffling may be modified through ontogeny, and that the juvenile life stage may be less flexible and more at risk from climate warming in this species.
Human presence shifts the landscape of fear for a free‐living mammal
Authors: Ortiz‐Jimenez Chelsea A. , Conroy Sophie Z. , Person Erin S. , DeCuir Jasper , Gall Gabriella E. C. , Sih Andrew , Smith Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHumans may play a key role in providing small prey mammals spatial and temporal refuge from predators, but few studies have captured the heterogeneity of these effects across space and time. Global COVID‐19 lockdown restrictions offered a unique opportunity to investigate how a sudden change in human presence in a semi‐urban park impacted wildlife. Here, we quantify how changes in the spatial distributions of humans and natural predators influenced the landscape of fear for the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) in a COVID‐19 pandemic (2020) and non‐COVID (2019) year. We used a structural equation modeling approach to explore the direct and indirect effects of human presence, predator presence, and habitat features on foraging that reflected fear responses (e.g., giving‐up densities [GUDs], number of foragers, and average food intake rate while at food patches). In 2019, humans and dogs had moderate effects on GUDs; squirrels were less fearful (lower GUDs) in areas frequently visited by humans and dogs, but the effects of raptors were weak. In contrast, in 2020, the effects of humans and dogs on GUDs were weak; squirrels were more fearful of high raptor activity, open sky, and ground cover. In both years, squirrels farthest from refuge were the most risk‐averse. Overall, our analyses revealed an increase in perceived risk from natural predators in 2020 associated with a change in the concentration of human presence. Thus, risk‐sensitive foraging was dynamic across space and time, depending on a complex interplay among human and dog activity, natural predators, and microhabitat features. Our findings elucidate the myriad ways humans directly and indirectly influence animal perception of safety and danger.