bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How future climate and tree distribution changes shape the biodiversity of macrofungi across Europe
Authors: Yu Haili , Wang Tiejun , Skidmore Andrew , Heurich Marco , Bässler Claus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimClimate change is affecting biodiversity at an accelerating rate. Despite the importance of fungi in ecosystems in general, and in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle in particular, there is little research on the response of fungi to climate change compared with plants and animals. Earlier studies show that climatic factors and tree species are key determinants of macrofungal diversity and distribution at large spatial scales. However, our knowledge of how climate change will affect macrofungal diversity and distribution in the future remains poorly understood.LocationEurope.MethodsUsing openly available occurrence data of 1845 macrofungal species from eight European countries (i.e. Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, France and Spain), we built ensemble species distribution models to predict macrofungal response to climate change alone and combined climate and tree distribution change under the IPCC special report on 2080 emissions scenarios (SRES A2 and B2).ResultsConsidering climate change alone, we predict that about 77% (74.1%–80.7%) of the modelled species will expand their distribution range, and around 57% (56.1%–58.4%) of the modelled area will have an increase in macrofungal species richness. However, when considering the combined climate and tree species distribution change, only 50% (50%–50.9%) of the species are predicted to expand their distribution range and 49% (47.4%–51.1%) of the modelled area will experience an increase in macrofungal species richness.Main ConclusionsOverall, our models projected that large areas would exhibit increased macrofungal species richness under future climate change. However, tree species distribution might play a restrictive role in the future distributional shifts of macrofungi. In addition, macrofungal responses appear heterogeneous, varying among species and regions. Our findings highlight the importance of including tree species in the projection of climate change impacts on the macrofungal diversity and distribution on a continental scale.
Efficacy of aerobic exercise on the functioning and quality of life of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Soares Esther G. , Gusmão Cláudio H. V. , Souto Deisiane O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise on the functioning (participation, activities, and body functions and structures) and quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA systematic review with meta‐analysis was performed. A comprehensive search of articles was performed using the electronic databases Embase, PubMed, PEDro, and CINAHL. Methodological quality and certainty of evidence were evaluated with the PEDro and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scales respectively. The effects of aerobic exercise on functioning were assessed using meta‐analytic techniques. However, given the broad nature of outcomes related to functioning and QoL, different instruments can be used to measure them; this made it impossible to synthesize results in a meta‐analysis for some of the outcomes.ResultsFifteen randomized controlled trials with 414 participants with CP were included. Analysis of the methodological quality of the studies revealed a low risk of bias. The effect of aerobic exercise compared to usual care or other interventions was significant for aerobic capacity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16–1.47; p < 0.002; I2 = 68%), gross motor function (SMD = 0.70; 95% = CI 0.21–1.19; p = 0.005; I2 = 49%), mobility (SMD = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.05–1.05; p = 0.03; I2 = 27%), balance, and participation (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.10–1.39; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). Aerobic exercise was not effective for muscle strength, spasticity, gait parameters, and QoL (p > 0.05). The certainty of evidence for most comparisons was moderate to low.InterpretationThis review provides the most up‐to‐date evidence on the efficacy of aerobic exercise on the functioning and QoL of children and adolescents with CP.What this paper adds

Aerobic exercise improves gross motor function but not gait parameters in cerebral palsy (CP).
It improves participation but not quality of life in children and adolescents with CP.
It is more effective than usual care or other interventions in improving mobility, aerobic capacity, and balance in CP.
It is no more effective than usual care or other interventions in improving muscle strength and spasticity.
Gut microbiota and stroke: New avenues to improve prevention and outcome
Authors: Clottes Paul , Benech Nicolas , Dumot Chloé , Jarraud Sophie , Vidal Hubert , Mechtouff Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite major recent therapeutic advances, stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death. Consequently, new therapeutic targets need to be found to improve stroke outcome. The deleterious role of gut microbiota alteration (often mentioned as “dysbiosis”) on cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and its risk factors, has been increasingly recognized. Gut microbiota metabolites, such as trimethylamine‐N‐oxide, short chain fatty acids and tryptophan, play a key role. Evidence of a link between alteration of the gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors exists, with a possible causality link supported by several preclinical studies. Gut microbiota alteration also seems to be implicated at the acute phase of stroke, with observational studies showing more non‐neurological complications, higher infarct size and worse clinical outcome in stroke patients with altered microbiota. Microbiota targeted strategies have been developed, including prebiotics/probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, short chain fatty acid and trimethylamine‐N‐oxide inhibitors. Research teams have been using different time windows and end‐points for their studies, with various results. Considering the available evidence, it is believed that studies focusing on microbiota‐targeted strategies in association with conventional stroke care should be conducted. Such strategies should be considered according to three therapeutic time windows: first, at the pre‐stroke (primary prevention) or post‐stroke (secondary prevention) phases, to enhance the control of cardiovascular risk factors; secondly, at the acute phase of stroke, to limit the infarct size and the systemic complications and enhance the overall clinical outcome; thirdly, at the subacute phase of stroke, to prevent stroke recurrence and promote neurological recovery.
Investigating the link between drug consumption and adverse events reporting in France
Authors: Orhon Pauline , Robert Marion , Morand Thomas , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Khouri Charles 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the potential association between drug use and adverse event reporting in France. A number of drug users and cases reported were extracted from the French Health Care Insurance database (Open Medic) and the French pharmacovigilance database. We performed two separate mixed‐effect models (with a drug used or reporting rate as dependent variables) with a random intercept for drug classes. We selected 62 drugs from 10 drug classes, for which 177 364 cases were reported in the French pharmacovigilance database in 2020. The results showed a strong association between drug users and the number of reported cases in France among each drug class (P < 0.01). Within a drug class, the number of reported cases is, therefore, a proxy for the exposure to a given drug in the population. This finding could be useful to approximate and compare drug exposure from pharmacovigilance databases.
A study of laser machining combined with dynamic chemical etching in micro‐hole drilling of 2.5D SiCf/SiC composites
Authors: Zhao Dali , Sun Shufeng , Zhang Yunlong , Wang Xi , Wang PingPing , Zhang Fengyun , Chen Bowen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we used a novel method of laser machining combined with dynamic chemical liquid etching (LMDCE) to drill holes in 2.5D SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC‐SiC). A chemical solution that could quickly remove the recast layer without damaging the substrate was selected. Severe recast layer and microcrack defects were observed when laser machining was performed in the air. The surface of the material was highly carbonized due to the thermal effect of the laser. The effect of different defocus amounts and scanning speeds on the hole taper was studied. A lower scanning speed can ensure that a smaller taper is obtained by the microhole. The bore diameter of the holes processed with a defocusing amount of 0 or −1 mm is more uniform. The results show that with the assistance of a dynamic chemical solution, the fibers break neatly into needle‐like shapes, the thermal effect of the laser on the ceramic substrate is significantly weakened, the microhole shows good roundness, and there are no recast layers and oxides on the sample surface. In addition, microcracks are significantly reduced, and high‐quality microholes without a heat‐affected zone (HAZ) are machined. The method provides a new idea on how to eliminate machining defects and achieve higher‐quality micromachining for ceramic matrix composites.
Study on the chemical compatibility between Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles and diverse advanced structural materials
Authors: Tan Guangfan , Hu Xin , Cai Liang , Xue Haifeng , Oya Yasuhisa , Zhang Yingchun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe tritium breeder and structural materials are necessary components in the blanket to realize tritium (T) self‐sustainment of nuclear fusion. The long‐term exposure between tritium breeders and structural materials will cause surface corrosion in irradiation environments and then further affect the tritium release behavior. In this study, chemical compatibility between Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles and advanced structural materials was studied systematically at 700 °C for 300 h under He+0.1 % H2 environment, respectively. The color of the Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles changes from white to dark grey and black. Moreover, the grain size of Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles increases to more than 5 μm, and the crushing load decreased slightly. For the structural materials, the Al‐rich oxide layer with about 188.7 nm of 14Cr‐5Al oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel and Cr‐Fe rich oxide layer with about 1.04 μm of 14Cr‐ODS steel were observed on the cross‐section. The effective diffusion coefficient of O element in Li2TiO3 ceramic moved into ODS steel at 700 °C was calculated to be 3.3 × 10−16cm2/s and 1.02 × 10−14 cm2/s. Unfortunately, when SiC ceramics were contacted with the pebbles, the crystal phase transformed into SiO2, which severely limits its application. Therefore, these results will provide guidance for the selection of structural materials in the future.
Depressive and anxiety symptoms and illness perception among patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Zou Huijing , Chair Sek Ying , Zhang Chunhua , Bao Anyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the features of depressive and anxiety symptoms and illness perception and their associations in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).DesignSecondary analysis of data from a cross‐sectional study and baseline data from a randomized controlled trial.MethodsFrom June to July 2019 and June to September 2020, patients with ACS in four public hospitals in China completed measurements of depressive and anxiety symptoms, illness perception, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Data were analysed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThis study included 510 participants (mean age, 61.0 ± 9.9 years; 67.8% male). The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 66.3% and 56.5%, respectively. Total score of illness perception was 43.5 ± 9.1 and mean scores of each dimension ranged from 5.5 to 7.6, suggesting relatively negative illness perceptions. The top two perceived causes of illness were negative emotions or stress (27.3%) and dietary habits (25.5%) and 24.7% of participants were unaware of causes regarding their illness. After adjusting for potential confounders, a one‐point increase in scores on illness perception regarding consequences and emotional response (range, 0–10) was related to a 22% increased probability of depressive symptoms. Every one‐point increase in scores on illness perception related to emotional response, personal control and illness comprehensibility was associated with a 38% increased, 13% decreased and 9% decreased probability of anxiety symptoms, respectively.ConclusionDepressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent at high rates in patients with ACS. They have a relatively negative illness perception that is associated with the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.ImpactThis study highlights the importance of screening for depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with ACS, especially for those with negative illness perceptions. Targeted strategies are imperative to improve patients' health outcomes.No Patient or Public ContributionThese details do not apply to this work.
The effect of a lifestyle intervention program using a mobile application versus the effect of a program using a booklet for adults with metabolic syndrome: A three‐arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wong Eliza Mi Ling , Leung Doris Yin Ping , Wang Qun , Leung Angela Yee Man , Cheung Alice Siu Ping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThe research aimed to examine the effect of a lifestyle intervention program using mobile application versus booklet for adults with metabolic syndrome in Hong Kong. The outcomes comprised body weight (primary outcome), exercise amount, improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors, cardiovascular endurance, perceived stress scale, and exercise self‐efficacy.DesignA three‐arm randomized controlled trial namely App group, Booklet group, and control group was adopted.MethodsTwo hundred sixty‐four adults with metabolic syndrome were recruited from community centers from 2019 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria are those adults with metabolic syndrome, able to use a smart phone. All participants received a 30‐min health talk. App group additionally received a mobile application, while Booklet group received a booklet, and the control group received a placebo booklet. Data were collected at baseline, Weeks 4, 12, and 24. SPSS and generalized estimating equations (GEE) model were employed for data analysis.FindingsAttrition rates were minimal, ranged from 2.65% to 6.44%. Both app and booklet group showed significant improvement in outcomes (exercise amount, waist circumference) when compared to control group. However, statistically significant and superior results were observed in app group, including body weight, exercise amount, waist circumference, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure when compared to booklet group.ConclusionThe lifestyle intervention supported with app was found to be superior to the booklet support for reducing body weight and maintaining exercise.Clinical RelevanceThe lifestyle intervention program using mobile application support could be used widely for adults with metabolic syndrome in the community. Suggest nurses may incorporate this program in their health promotion strategies focusing on a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of progression to metabolic syndrome.
Luchadoras Pensadoras: Reframing the development outcomes of Latina high school wrestlers
Authors: Castro Marilyn Monroy , Mireles‐Rios Rebeca , Cecchine Terri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany necessary developmental assets and competencies can be accrued through the participation of sport that aid in the holistic healthy development of adolescent girls; however, much research in this area has focused on adolescent girls as a monolithic group, disregarding the specific outcomes of sport for girls of color. Through analysis of semistructured interviews of 31 Latina high school wrestlers, we identified various developmental outcomes associated with their sport involvement. We apply a new epistemological approach to positive youth development within the context of sports development through the usage of extensive narratives of two of the girls. This study explores adolescent Latinas’ involvement in high school wrestling, a sport that is widely male dominated yet rising in popularity.
Tn‐seq identifies Ralstonia solanacearum genes required for tolerance of plant immunity induced by exogenous salicylic acid
Authors: Zhang Huimeng , Xu Yanan , Huang Yingying , Xiong Xiaoqi , Wu Xiaogang , Yuan Gaoqing , Zheng Dehong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease, is of particular interest to the scientific community. The repertoire of type III effectors plays an important role in the evasion of plant immunity, but tolerance to plant immunity is also crucial for the survival and virulence of R. solanacearum. Nevertheless, a systematic study of R. solanacearum tolerance to plant immunity is lacking. In this study, we used exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to improve the immunity of tomato plants, followed by transposon insertion sequencing (Tn‐seq) analysis and the identification of R. solanacearum genes associated with tolerance to plant immunity. Target gene deletion revealed that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production genes RS_RS02830, RS_RS03460, and RS_RS03465 are essential for R. solanacearum tolerance to plant immunity, and their expression is induced by plant immunity, thereby expanding our knowledge of the pathogenic function of R. solanacearum LPS. SA treatment increased the relative abundance of transposon insertion mutants of four genes, including two genes with unknown function, RS_RS11975 and RS_RS07760. Further verification revealed that deletion of RS_RS11975 or RS_RS07760 resulted in reduced in vivo competitive indexes but increased tolerance to plant immunity induced by SA treatment, suggesting that these two genes contribute to the trade‐off between tolerance to plant immunity and fitness cost. In conclusion, this work identified and validated R. solanacearum genes required for tolerance to plant immunity and provided essential information for a more complete view of the interaction between R. solanacearum and the host plant.
Power and knowledge: The birth of museums in China
Authors: Leung Hok Bun Isaac 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrawing insight from various museological concepts, such as “disciplinary museum” and “exhibition complex,” I sketch a brief history of museums that first emerged in China during the mid‐nineteenth century. In this paper, the museums in China—from the late Qing dynasty (1850–1912) to the early Chinese economic reform period of the late 1970s and early 1980s—will be studied through a Foucauldian lens to further illuminate the nation's museum history. By studying four types of museums—China's first foreign museums, private museums, the Kuomintang museums, and the Chinese Communist Party museums—I explore how these institutions provided the public with different modes of consciousness and civil identity and how individuals respond to the cultural effects of museums. Whereas museums had been utilized as an instrument for different political parties, I aim to show how discourse has been radically transformed while these institutions represent the administrative mechanisms throughout different periods. I hope to initiate a discussion for future studies on how the contemporary museological phenomenon might be linked to the reminiscence of museums in the past.
Evaluation of vascular and perfusional changes in the retina and choroid of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Hizli Şamil , Dereci Selim , Özdemir Özdemir , Duran Fatih , Hidimoğlu Burcu , Mazman Duygu İskender , Gülhan Belgin , Acar Banu Çelikel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) is hyperinflammation following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which affects many organs. The retina and choroid are affected by COVID‐19 through microangiopathy and thrombosis but the literature on MISC‐C is limited.MethodsThirty children (60 eyes) with MIS‐C (the study group, or SG) and 32 age‐and gender‐matched healthy children (64 eyes) (the control group, or CG) were included in the prospective case–control study. Complete ophthalmological examinations, measurements of the vessel densities of the retinal layers, and flow area of the outer retina and choriocapillaris in both groups were conducted with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A).ResultsThe mean age of the SG was 11.9 ± 3.9 and that of the CG was 12.5 ± 4.6 years (p = 0.197). In this study we found that the vessel density of the deep layer of the inner retina was decreased significantly and was reduced in the outer retina of flow area in the SG in comparison with the CG (p < 0.05, for all). However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding other measurements.ConclusionsIn MIS‐C patients, vessel densities in the deep layer of the inner retina and in the flow area of the outer retina decreased significantly. This OCTA‐A finding suggests that MIS‐C is related to endothelial thrombotic condition problems in small branches of the retinal artery. The results of this study support the idea that there is a need for screening of MIS‐C patients for the presence of these microangiopathic and perfusional complications.
Plug‐in machine learning for partially linear mixed‐effects models with repeated measurements
Authors: Emmenegger Corinne , Bühlmann Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraditionally, spline or kernel approaches in combination with parametric estimation are used to infer the linear coefficient (fixed effects) in a partially linear mixed‐effects model for repeated measurements. Using machine learning algorithms allows us to incorporate complex interaction structures, nonsmooth terms, and high‐dimensional variables. The linear variables and the response are adjusted nonparametrically for the nonlinear variables, and these adjusted variables satisfy a linear mixed‐effects model in which the linear coefficient can be estimated with standard linear mixed‐effects methods. We prove that the estimated fixed effects coefficient converges at the parametric rate, is asymptotically Gaussian distributed, and semiparametrically efficient. Two simulation studies demonstrate that our method outperforms a penalized regression spline approach in terms of coverage. We also illustrate our proposed approach on a longitudinal dataset with HIV‐infected individuals. Software code for our method is available in theR‐packagedmlalg.