bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE IN A POSTCOLONIAL CONTEXT: A Historical Institutionalist Approach to Land Use Planning in Morocco
Authors: Rahmouni Noussayba , Saizen Izuru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study is concerned with the way colonial land use planning practices have persisted within local institutional structures in the former French colony of Morocco. We use a historical institutionalist approach to reevaluate Morocco's land use planning history and identify key feedback mechanisms that support the continuity of colonial practices within the Moroccan planning institutional structure. We used institutional mappings to identify key actors involved in planning and examined the formal power relations between them. Interviews were used to discuss the effect of informal interactions on the development of land use plans. We argue that aspects of French colonial planning that persisted within the Moroccan local institutional structure have created constraints for Moroccan land use planning. We focus in particular on how a centralist formalization of planning institutions has hampered the effectiveness of decentralization reforms and explain how institutional patterns deriving from the French paternalist approach to colonial rule have persisted in the form of a duality in modern planning structures. Finally, we argue that this path dependence has been strengthened by the creation of the derogation system as a potential way out for actors who are most capable of inducing change.
Occurrence of phthalates in different food matrices: A systematic review of the main sources of contamination and potential risks
Authors: da Costa Júlia Moraes , Kato Lilian Seiko , Galvan Diego , Lelis Carini Aparecida , Saraiva Thiago , Conte‐Junior Carlos Adam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to investigate the occurrence of phthalates (phthalic acid esters [PAEs]) in different food matrices, as well as report the main sources of PAEs in food, the potential risks to the population, and the factors that influence its migration from food contact materials (FCMs) to food. Nineteen PAEs were identified, including di‐(2‐ehtylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl‐phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) in fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products, cereals, meat, fish, fat and oils, snacks, condiments and sauces, miscellaneous, and baby food. Fifty‐seven values of PAEs were above the legal limits of countries. DEHP is the PAE with the highest incidence, with maximum concentrations above the specific migration limit (SML) for milk and dairy products, oils and fats, fish, cereals, condiments and sauces, meat, and fruits and vegetables. The risk of exceeding the tolerable daily intake (TDI) was high for DEHP and DBP in fish, fat and oils, cereals, and milk and dairy products for children and adults. Fat and oils are the most critical food for DEHP, DBP, BBP, and DINP. Comparing the estimated daily intake (EDI) with the TDI, there was a risk for “milk and dairy products” in adults and for “cereal and cereal products” in children concerning DEHP. “Cereal and cereal products” presented a risk in children and adults concerning DBP. The “fat and oils” category presented a risk in children and adults about DBP and DINP. Temperature, contact time between food and the FCM, fat percent, and acidity positively correlate with the PAE's migration. The contamination occurs in many steps of the production chain.
Disparities in the receipt of alcohol brief intervention: The intersectionality of sex, age, and race/ethnicity
Authors: Parthasarathy Sujaya , Chi Felicia W. , Metz Verena , Kline‐Simon Andrea , Asyyed Asma , Campbell Cynthia I. , Sterling Stacy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe increasing trend in alcohol consumption among women, exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, is of growing concern. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in primary care is an efficacious and cost‐effective treatment approach for unhealthy alcohol use. However, disparities exist in delivery of brief interventions by sex, age and race/ethnicity. This study measures brief intervention rates among eligible patients by sex, age and race/ethnicity and their intersectionality, in the context of a program of systematic alcohol screening and brief intervention program in adult primary care in a large, integrated health‐care delivery system.Design, Setting and ParticipantsThis was a population‐based observational study among primary care clinics in an integrated health‐care delivery system in Northern California, USA. The participants comprised adult (18+) patients (n = 287 551) screening positive for unhealthy alcohol use between January 2014 and December 2017.MeasurementsReceipt of brief intervention, patient and provider characteristics from electronic health records.FindingsMulti‐level logistic regression showed that women had lower odds of receiving brief intervention than men among all age, racial/ethnic groups and drinking levels. Sex differences were greater among those aged 35–49 years [odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64, 0.69]) and 50–65 years (OR = 0.69, 95% CI =0.66, 0.72) than among other age groups. Sex differences in odds of receiving brief intervention were greater for the Latino/Hispanic group for women versus men (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.66, 0.72) and smaller for the Asian/Pacific Islander group (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.72, 0.81).ConclusionIn the United States, compared with men, women appear to have lower odds of receiving brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol use across all age groups, particularly during middle age. Black women and Latina/Hispanic women appear to be less likely to receive brief intervention than women in other race/ethnicity groups. Receipt of brief intervention does not appear to differ by drinking levels between men and women.
One More Time? Parties’ Repeated Electoral Entry in Younger Democracies
Authors: Ibenskas Raimondas , van de Wardt Marc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhy and how parties continue contesting elections (“repeated entry”) is an underresearched question despite its essence for party survival and party‐system stability. We study repeated entry in three decades of elections in 10 Central and Eastern European countries using a new dataset that records almost 1,000 entry decisions. Our findings underline the importance of separating between first‐ and second‐league parties based on whether in the previous election a party could obtain representation alone. First‐league parties (those that could gain representation alone) almost always contest the next election. Second‐league parties (those that could not win representation alone) exit electoral competition quite frequently and adopt more diverse repeated‐entry strategies. We find that second‐league parties’ repeated entry depends on their closeness to the representation threshold, access to resources, and the number of competitors in their niche, but not on institutional constraints or voter dissatisfaction.
Splenic flexure cancer survival: a 25‐year experience and implications for complete mesocolic excision (CME) and central vascular ligation (CVL)
Authors: Naidu Krishanth , Chapuis Pierre H. , Brown Kilian G. M. , Chan Charles , Rickard Matthew J. F. X. , Ng Kheng‐Seong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe management of splenic flexure cancers (SFCs) in the era of complete mesocolic excision (CME) and central vascular ligation (CVL) is challenging because of its variable lymphatic drainage. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes for SFCs and non‐SFCs, and better understand the clinicopathological characteristics which may define a distinct SFC phenotype.MethodsAn observational cohort study at Concord Hospital, Sydney was conducted with patients who underwent resection for colon adenocarcinoma (1995–2019). Clinicopathological data were extracted from a prospective database. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) estimates and their associations to clinicopathological variables were investigated with Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses.ResultsOf 2149 patients with colon cancer, 129 (6%) had an SFC. The overall 5‐year OS and DFS rates were 63.6% (95% CI 62.5–64.7) and 59.4% (95% CI 58.3–60.5), respectively. SFCs were not associated with OS (P = 0.6) or DFS (P = 0.5). SFCs were more likely to present urgently (P < 0.001) with obstruction (P < 0.001) or perforation (P = 0.03), and more likely to require an open operation (P < 0.001). These characteristics were associated with poorer survival outcomes. No differences were noted between SFCs and non‐SFCs with respect to tumour stage (P = 0.3).ConclusionSFCs have a distinct phenotype, the individual characteristics of which are associated with poorer survival. However, the survivals of SFCs and non‐SFCs are similar, possibly because the most important determinant of outcome, tumour stage, is no different between the groups. This may have implications for the surgical approach to SFCs with respect to standardization of CME and CVL surgery for these cancers.
Use of Thiel‐embalmed cadavers in urology training and their ability to retain real‐life anatomy: a systematic review
Authors: Chytas Dimitrios , Gyftopoulos Kostis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThiel‐embalmed cadavers (TeCs) have been proposed as an alternative and probably safer method of surgical training, compared to formalin‐embalmed cadavers. We aimed to perform a systematic review on the use of TeCs in urology training and their ability to represent real‐life anatomy.MethodsPubMed, SCOPUS and Cochrane databases were searched for articles with purpose to explore the use of TeCs in urology training, without date restrictions, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. From each paper, we evaluated the type of procedure, the number of participants, the type of study, the educational outcomes and their level, according to Kirkpatrick hierarchy.ResultsOf the 225 records initially retrieved, eight articles were eventually included. All studies evaluated participants' perceptions about the procedure. Overall, urology trainees and specialists have positively commented on the educational value of TeCs, which have been also found able to adequately mimic real‐life conditions. In all the eight studies, trainees stated that tissue quality of TeCs was adequately realistic and considered TeCs as a useful surgical training tool.ConclusionAlthough the use of TeCs in urology training has so far been limited, their value as a surgical training tool has been positively perceived. These outcomes suggest that TeCs may also enhance urology trainees' surgical skills and may encourage their implementation as a simulation tool in urology training.
Towards Optimizing Hospitalized Older adults' MEdications (TO HOME): Multi‐centre study of medication use and outcomes in routine care
Authors: Hilmer Sarah N. , Lo Sarita , Kelly Patrick J. , Viney Rosalie , Blyth Fiona M. , Le Couteur David G. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Arora Sheena , Hossain Lutfun , Gnjidic Danijela 
Published: March 2023

AimsComprehensively investigate prescribing in usual care of hospitalized older people with respect to polypharmacy; potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) according to Beers criteria; and cumulative anticholinergic and sedative medication exposure calculated with Drug Burden Index (DBI). Specifically, to quantify exposure to these measures on admission, changes between admission and discharge, associations with adverse outcomes and medication costs.MethodsEstablished new retrospective inpatient cohort of 2000 adults aged ≥75 years, consecutively admitted to 6 hospitals in Sydney, Australia, with detailed information on medications, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Conducted cross‐sectional analyses of index admission data from cohort.ResultsCohort had mean (standard deviation) age 86.0 (5.8) years, 59% female, 21% from residential aged care. On admission, prevalence of polypharmacy was 77%, PIMs 34% and DBI > 0 in 53%. From admission to discharge, mean difference (95% confidence interval) in total number of medications increased 1.05 (0.92, 1.18); while prevalence of exposure to PIMs (−3.8% [−5.4, −2.1]) and mean DBI score (−0.02 [−0.04, −0.01]) decreased. PIMs and DBI score were associated with increased risks (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) of falls (PIMs 1.63 [1.28, 2.08]; DBI score 1.21[1.00, 1.46]) and delirium (PIMs 1.76 [1.38, 1.46]; DBI score 1.42 [1.19, 1.71]). Each measure was associated with increased risk of adverse drug reactions (polypharmacy 1.42 [1.19, 1.71]; PIMs 1.87 [1.40, 2.49]; DBI score 1.90 [1.55, 2.15]). Cost (AU$/patient/hospital day) of medications contributing to PIMs and DBI was low ($0.29 and $0.88).ConclusionIn this large cohort of older inpatients, usual hospital care results in an increase in number of medications and small reductions in PIMs and DBI, with variable associations with adverse outcomes.
Identifying and Estimating Effects of Sustained Interventions under Parallel Trends Assumptions
Authors: Renson Audrey , Hudgens Michael G. , Keil Alexander P. , Zivich Paul N. , Aiello Allison E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Many research questions in public health and medicine concern sustained interventions in populations defined by substantive priorities. Existing methods to answer such questions typically require a measured covariate set sufficient to control confounding, which can be questionable in observational studies. Differences-in-differences rely instead on the parallel trends assumption, allowing for some types of time-invariant unmeasured confounding. However, most existing difference-in-differences implementations are limited to point treatments in restricted subpopulations. We derive identification results for population effects of sustained treatments under parallel trends assumptions. In particular, in settings where all individuals begin follow-up with exposure status consistent with the treatment plan of interest but may deviate at later times, a version of Robins' g-formula identifies the intervention-specific mean under stable unit treatment value assumption, positivity, and parallel trends. We develop consistent asymptotically normal estimators based on inverse-probability weighting, outcome regression, and a double robust estimator based on targeted maximum likelihood. Simulation studies confirm theoretical results and support the use of the proposed estimators at realistic sample sizes. As an example, the methods are used to estimate the effect of a hypothetical federal stay-at-home order on all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 in the United States.
Feature Representation for High‐resolution Clothed Human Reconstruction
Authors: Pu Juncheng , Liu Li , Fu Xiaodong , Su Zhuo , Liu Lijun , Peng Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetailed and accurate feature representation is essential for high‐resolution reconstruction of clothed human. Herein we introduce a unified feature representation for clothed human reconstruction, which can adapt to changeable posture and various clothing details. The whole method can be divided into two parts: the human shape feature representation and the details feature representation. Specifically, we firstly combine the voxel feature learned from semantic voxel with the pixel feature from input image as an implicit representation for human shape. Then, the details feature mixed with the clothed layer feature and the normal feature is used to guide the multi‐layer perceptron to capture geometric surface details. The key difference from existing methods is that we use the clothing semantics to infer clothed layer information, and further restore the layer details with geometric height. We qualitative and quantitative experience results demonstrate that proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of handling limb swing and clothing details. Our method provides a new solution for clothed human reconstruction with high‐resolution details (style, wrinkles and clothed layers), and has good potential in three‐dimensional virtual try‐on and digital characters.
Guarding the Urban Elite: Hospitality Security in São Paulo
Authors: Robb Larkins Erika , Durão Susana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the past decade, Brazil's largest city, São Paulo, has witnessed an exponential growth in private security. In this article, we contribute to understandings of how security shapes urban life by focusing on what we call hospitality security, which takes place in elite spaces of residence and leisure such as high‐end neighborhoods, gated communities, and shopping malls. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic fieldwork, we argue that hospitality security is a specific urban formation that combines protection with care for spaces and clients. As such, it is not just another paid protection service, but is viewed as a necessary force for creating a desirable quality of life and fostering an ease of urban circulation that is seen as absent from public spaces due to high crime and ongoing eruptions of police violence. Hospitality security thus attempts to produce urban stability and predictability by maintaining harmony in residential and commercial environments and ensuring foreseeable social interactions while requiring security guards to uphold an unequal, racialized status quo.
Intracranial hypertension after cerebral venous thrombosis—Risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Wei Huimin , Jiang Huimin , Zhou Yifan , Liu Lu , Zhou Chen , Ji Xunming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeCerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a special cerebrovascular disease that accounts for around 0.5%–1.0% of all strokes and often occurs in younger adults. Intracranial hypertension is the most frequent symptom of acute CVT due to venous occlusion. This study aimed to ascertain the risk factors for intracranial hypertension after CVT and to investigate whether intracranial hypertension at diagnosis may affect patient outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients treated for acute/subacute CVT at our department between 2018 and 2021. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors associated with intracranial hypertension after CVT and clinical outcomes at the 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsA total of 293 acute/subacute CVT survivors were eligible for inclusion, with 245 patients (83.60%) experiencing concomitant intracranial hypertension at diagnosis. In the multivariable regression analysis, hereditary thrombophilia (OR 2.210, 95% CI 1.148–4.254, p = 0.018) and thrombosis location of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and right lateral sinus (LS) (OR 4.115, 95% CI 1.880–9.010, p = 0.000) were independently associated with intracranial hypertension. 83.67% of patients with intracranial hypertension after CVT had favorable functional outcomes (mRS score, 0–2), whereas they more often had residual visual impairment (15.51% vs. 4.17%, p = 0.036) at follow‐up. The risk factors for residual visual impairment were papilledema (OR 2.971, 95% CI 1.231–7.170, p = 0.015) and visual disturbances at diagnosis (OR 2.869, 95% CI 1.123–7.327, p = 0.028), thrombosis location (SSS and right LS [OR 10.811, 95% CI 4.208–27.773, p = 0.000]; SSS and left LS [OR 3.139, 95% CI 1.409–6.995, p = 0.005]), and CVT recurrence (OR 4.763, 95% CI 1.556–14.584, p = 0.006).ConclusionsIntracranial hypertension is the most common clinical symptom of acute CVT. At follow‐up, patients with intracranial hypertension after CVT were more prone to develop residual visual impairment.
Assessing the accuracy of the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for reporting breast fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology at a Vietnamese oncology centre
Authors: Tam Nguyen Thi , Makram Abdelrahman M. , Elsheikh Randa , Khader Sarah Abd Elaziz , Mai Anh Nam , Toan Nguyen‐Sy , Huy Nguyen Tien , Hanh Bui Thi My 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), accompanied by classification systems for cytology, can offer a cheap and convenient option for the diagnosis of breast cancer in women with suspicious breast lumps. In this study, we aimed to assess the accuracy of the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system in a Vietnamese oncology centre.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. We included patients with full hospital records regarding breast lesions for which FNAB was indicated. A total of 803 patients' FNAB specimens were assessed according to the IAC Yokohama system. The basic characteristics were summarised using the appropriate summary measurements. The risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for each classification category.ResultsThe median age was 42.7 years (range: 14‐85). The mean size of the lesions was 17.9 mm (range: 4‐123 mm). We had 215 histopathological reports. The most common benign and malignant diagnoses were fibroadenoma and invasive carcinoma, respectively. The ROM for categories II, III, IV, and V was calculated as 3.4%, 37.5%, 95%, and 99.2% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 96.4%, 97.2%, 98.5%, and 93.2%, respectively.ConclusionThe IAC Yokohama system offers a good option with which to predict underlying breast pathology using a simple and cheap procedure. However, pathologists require continuous training to ensure accurate interpretation of the slides.
Micro‐temporal analyses of crime related to alcohol outlets: A comparison of outcomes over weekday, weekend, daytime and nighttime hours
Authors: Gruenewald Paul J. , Sumetsky Natalie , Mair Christina , Lee Juliet P. , Ponicki William R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionCausal relationships between alcohol outlets and crime are inferred from their statistical associations across neighbourhoods. However, many unobserved covariates may confound these effects. Recognising that outlet sales vary by time of day and day of week, we assess whether areas with more bars/pubs, restaurants or off‐premise outlets have more crime during days and times when alcohol sales are greatest.MethodsAnnual administrative crime counts, sociodemographic data and other area characteristics of 336 Census block groups in Oakland, California, USA, were related to outlet densities from 2000 to 2015. Bayesian space–time Poisson models were used to measure associations between outlet densities and crime during: (i) weekday daytime; (ii) weekday nighttime; (iii) weekend daytime; and (iv) weekend nighttime periods (four seemingly unrelated equations). Comparisons of parameter estimates across equations provided an assessment of outlet effects on crime across days and times within the same analysis units using the same constellation of confounding covariates.ResultsAssault and driving under the influence crime incidents during weekend evening hours were more frequent in Census block group areas with greater numbers of bar/pubs. Burglaries were consistently greater in areas with greater densities of restaurants.Discussion and ConclusionsThe spatiotemporal signature relating densities of bars/pubs over weekend evening hours to assault and driving under the influence incidents suggests that these outlets are a critical source of these crimes across neighbourhoods. Prevention programs and policies that focus upon specific drinking establishments, days and times may be most effective in reducing assault and impaired driving incidents in neighbourhoods.