bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation in mid–high latitudes on winter haze pollution over the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region
Authors: Wu Danyang , Zhao Shuyun , Li Jianying , Wang Wuke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses the intraseasonal evolution of the winter haze pollution over the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) region in China between 1979 and 2013, and the influences of the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in mid–high latitudes. Two significant ISO signals of 10–20‐day and 20–40‐day are identified from the winter haze pollution over the BTH region, and their superposition notably contributes to the occurrence of haze pollution. On the 10–20‐day timescale, the haze pollution is intimately associated with a mid–high‐level southeastward propagating wave train that originates from the North Atlantic. With the wave evolution, an anomalous anticyclone reaches the Korean Peninsula–Japan, leading to strong descents and anomalous southerly winds over the BTH region, favourable for haze pollution. On the 20–40‐day timescale, the atmospheric wave train originates from the eastern North America, propagates eastward to the northwestern Lake Baikal, and then turns southward to the northeastern China–Japan. The peak stage of the haze pollution is related to the resultant zonal dipole, with the anomalous cyclone over the northwestern Lake Baikal and the anomalous anticyclone over the northeastern China–Japan. The dominance of the mid–upper tropospheric anticyclone over the BTH region suppresses the development of convection, thus hindering the vertical diffusion and wet deposition of pollutants. Moreover, the anomalous westerly winds between the dipole weaken the incursion of cold mass from higher latitudes, thus further contributing to the peak of haze pollution.
Multiyear dry periods in Southern Africa
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Magadzire Tamuka , McNally Amy , Eischeid Jon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCharacteristics and physical features related to low precipitation across many years in Southern Africa that lead to societal disruptions are diagnosed using observed analyses and an ensemble of historical coupled climate model simulations during 1921 to 2014. Four regions are evaluated, as identified through a hierarchical clustering algorithm applied to the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) during the October–April precipitation season. Although dryness spanning many October–April occurs periodically in each region, they seldom occur simultaneously, consistent with largely insignificant SPI cross‐correlations between them. However, characteristics relevant to low precipitation across many years are generalizable between the four regions, including the serial persistence of October–April precipitation, the likelihood of consecutive dry October–April, and the likelihood of dry October–April in temporal extents of up to 10 consecutive such 7‐month seasons. Systematic precipitation persistence is not a feature in any of the four Southern Africa regions, as serial correlations of October–April SPI are not statistically significant at any time lags. It follows that there is an exponential‐folding decay in the likelihood of consecutive October–April for various SPI thresholds and that there is a large spread in the likelihood of low October–April SPI across many years. In terms of physical features, low October–April SPI in each Southern Africa region is closely related to local atmospheric circulations; however, they are not as closely related to sea surface temperatures (SSTs). These results suggest that dryness spanning many years is determined primarily by persistent local circulations related to atmospheric variability and to a lesser extent variability related to SST anomalies, including the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Relationship between Satsuma mandarin yield and meteorological factors in Shizuoka and distribution of alternative flowering indices in Mikkabi production area, Japan
Authors: Yamaga Ittetsu , Unno Yuto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiennial bearing, the biggest factor destabilizing citrus fruit production, is primarily attributed to unfavorable weather changes. However, the relationship between the yield of Satsuma mandarin for more than 50 years and the weather remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of meteorological factors, such as average temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration, on the yield of Satsuma mandarin in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. We analyzed fruit production statistics and meteorological observation data from 1961 to 2018. Furthermore, we investigated the alternative indices of flowering and sprouting in each of the 20 districts of Mikkabi Town, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture.RESULTSWe detected a positive correlation between the average temperatures in March and February and yields in Shizuoka and Hamamatsu Cities. All alternative indices, except flowering in the early‐maturing cultivar, were significantly lower in the southern than in the northern districts (P < 0.01 or 0.05). Particularly, the alternative index of flowering in the late‐maturing cultivar was significantly different between the northern and southern districts (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between the mean annual temperature or average temperature from January to April and alternative indices of flowering and sprouting.CONCLUSIONThe findings of our field survey in Mikkabi production area suggest that mean annual temperature may affect the biennial bearing of Satsuma mandarin. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hypoxia increases cellular levels of phosphatidic acid and lysophospholipids in undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Shimizu Yoshibumi , Tamiya‐Koizumi Keiko , Tsutsumi Toshihiko , Kyogashima Mamoru , Kannagi Reiji , Iwaki Soichiro , Aoyama Mineyoshi , Tokumura Akira 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCancer cells are known to survive in a hypoxic microenvironment by altering their lipid metabolism as well as their energy metabolism. In this study, Caco‐2 cells derived from human colon cancer, were found to have elevated intracellular levels of phosphatidic acid and its lysoform, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggested that the elevation of LPA in Caco‐2 cells was mainly due to the combined increases in cellular levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A2 and subsequent hydrolysis to LPA by lysophospholipase D. We detected the Ca2+‐stimulated choline‐producing activities toward exogenous lysophosphatidylcholines in whole Caco‐2 cell homogenates, indicating their involvement in the LPA production in intact Caco‐2 cells.
Coastal darkening exacerbates eutrophication symptoms through bottom‐up and top‐down control modification
Authors: Garnier Aurélie , Östman Örjan , Ask Jenny , Bell Olivia , Berggren Martin , Rulli Mayra P. D. , Younes Hani , Huss Magnus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoastal eutrophication due to excessive anthropogenic nutrient loading is a major threat worldwide, and especially in estuaries and semi‐enclosed waterbodies, like the brackish Baltic Sea. In addition, coastal waters may become darker (coastal darkening) due to increased input of colored compounds from terrestrial run‐off and sediment resuspension. Still, the effects of darkening on coastal food web responses to eutrophication are unknown. In a mesocosm experiment with benthic and pelagic habitats, we manipulated nutrient loading, presence of fish and light availability to disentangle bottom‐up and top‐down control of eutrophication symptoms in ambient and darkened waters. Overall, we found higher pelagic Chlorophyll a concentrations (a proxy of algal biomass) with darkening and with nutrient enrichment in both clear and dark waters. Albeit fish had a strong impact on zooplankton and zoobenthos, they had no cascading effect on algae. We conclude that coastal darkening due to changes in land use and climate change can pose an additional challenge concerning the recovery of coastal waters from eutrophication.
Effect of different structures on corrosion resistance of Mg–Zn–Ca–Cu alloys
Authors: Xu Saifei , Hu Yong , Tian Jinsong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCompared with traditional magnesium alloys, magnesium‐based metallic glasses exhibit favorable properties, making them potential materials for clinical implants. In this work, to develop magnesium‐based metallic glasses suitable for different degradation requirements, the effects of different structures of Mg–Zn–Ca–Cu alloys on their corrosion resistance were investigated. Mg66Zn29.5Ca4Cu0.5 metallic glasses were prepared by copper mold injection, and the alloys were heat treated at 90°C, 160°C, 230°C, and 270°C. The phase composition was determined by X‐ray diffraction, and electrochemical tests and hydrogen evolution experiments were carried out in a simulated liquid at 37°C. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the alloy is seriously affected by its microstructure.
Synthesis and Property of an Organosilicon Polyurethane Acrylate Prepolymer Containing Disulfide Bonds for Photopolymerization
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Peng Rongchang , Gao Yanjing , Nie Jun , Sun Fang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhotocurable organosilicon polyurethane acrylate materials combine the merits of both polyurethane and organosilicon and have become the most widely used class of photocurable resins due to the advantages of easy preparation and performance tunability, but they suffer from serious volume shrinkage and difficult degradation. In this article, an organosilicon polyurethane acrylate prepolymer (SSiPUA) containing disulfide bonds is designed and synthesized. The prepolymer exhibits good ability to photopolymerize and reduce the volume shrinkage. The final double bond conversion (DBC) of the system with SSiPUA reaches 92%, and the volume shrinkage is decreased to 4.9% that is much less than that (13.9%) without SSiPUA. Besides, with the increase of SSiPUA content within a certain range, the hydrophobicity, heat resistance, the tensile strength, and the elongation at break of the photocured films gradually increase. The water contact angle, initial decomposition temperature, the tensile strength, and the elongation at break reach up to 93°, 282 °C, 1.8 MPa, and 576.2%, respectively. However, the glass transition temperature is reduced with the increase of SSiPUA content owing to the excellent flexibility of polysiloxane chain segments. More significantly, the SSiPUA containing disulfide bonds endows the photocured film with good degradation properties.
Driving Impairment in Movement Disorders
Authors: Makhoul Karim , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundDriving may be adversely affected by any movement disorder, but has been mostly studied in Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies have addressed driving impairment in patients with Huntington's disease (HD); driving in other movement disorders such as dystonia, blepharospasm and Tourette syndrome (TS) has not been adequately evaluated.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to summarize the findings of driving impairment in movement disorders and evaluate the usefulness of clinical tools in guiding clinicians whether to refer patients for driving assessment.MethodsA review of literature was performed on PubMed and articles on driving and movement disorders were identified using a Boolean phrase.ResultsWe were able to identify 66 articles that fulfilled the target subject: impairment of driving in PD, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, HD and TS. We also included articles discussing the role of driving rehabilitation in patients with movement disorders.ConclusionsDriving is often impaired in patients with PD and other movement disorders not only due to motor symptoms but also because of cognitive and behavioral co‐morbidities. Certain screening tools may be helpful in guiding the clinician in referring the patients for driving assessment.
The Ability of Streptococcus thermophilus BT01 to Modulate Urease Activity in Healthy Subjects’ Fecal Samples Depends on the Biomass Production Process
Authors: Martinović Anđela , Chittaro Marco , Mora Diego , Arioli Stefania 
Published: January 2023

ScopeThis study evaluates how manufacturing conditions of probiotic biomass production, using two different cryoprotectants, Cryo‐A and Cryo‐B, can affect Streptococcus thermophilus BT01 in vivo gastrointestinal tract survival and its ability to modulate the level of urease activity in fecal samples of healthy subjects.Methods and resultsA randomized controlled cross‐over study is carried out on 20 adult healthy subjects to evaluate total and viable loads, persistence of S. thermophilus BT01, and urease activity in fecal samples. Strain‐specific quantification by using developed culture‐based method and molecular qPCR tool allows to quantify viable S. thermophilus BT01 strain in 90% of the subjects. The quantification of both total DNA and recovered viable S. thermophilus BT01 in fecal samples does not reveal significant differences between Cryo‐A or Cryo‐B treated biomass. However, the administration of S. thermophilus BT01 produced with Cryo‐A results in a decreased urease activity in fecal samples compared to Cryo‐B protected cells.ConclusionThis study i) highlights how the manufacturing conditions can play a role in influencing the probiotic functionality in vivo and ii) represents the first evidence that links S. thermophilus to a specific probiotic mechanism, the reduction of urease activity in fecal samples.
Region‐related focal loss for 3D brain tumor MRI segmentation
Authors: Li Bo , You Xinge , Peng Qinmu , Wang Jing , Yang Chuanwu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the brain tumor magnetic resonance image (MRI) segmentation, although the 3D convolution networks (CNNs) has achieved state‐of‐the‐art results, the class and hard‐voxel imbalances in the 3D images have not been well addressed. Voxel independent losses are dependent on the setting of class weights for the class imbalance issue, and are hard to assign each class equally. Region‐related losses cannot correctly focus on hard voxels dynamically and not be robust to misclassification of small structures. Meanwhile, repeatedly training on the additional hard samples augmented by existing methods would bring more class imbalance, overfitting and incorrect knowledge learning to the model.PurposeA novel region‐related loss with balanced dynamic weighting while alleviating the sensitivity to small structures is necessary. In addition, we need to increase the diversity of hard samples in the training to improve the performance of model.MethodsThe proposed Region‐related Focal Loss (RFL) reshapes standard Dice Loss (DL) by up‐weighting the loss assigned to hard‐classified voxels. Compared to DL, RFL adaptively modulate its gradient with an invariant focalized point that voxels with lower‐confidence than it would achieve a larger gradient, and higher‐confidence voxels would get a smaller gradient. Meanwhile, RFL can adjust the parameters to set where and how much the network is focused. In addition, an Intra‐classly Transformed Augmentation network (ITA‐NET) is proposed to increase the diversity of hard samples, in which the 3D registration network and intra‐class transfer layer are used to transform the shape and intensity respectively. A selective hard sample mining(SHSM) strategy is used to train the ITA‐NET for avoiding excessive class imbalance. Source code (in Tensorflow) is available at: https://github.com/lb‐whu/RFL_ITA.ResultsThe experiments are carried out on public data set: Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge 2020 (BratS2020). Experiments with BraTS2020 online validation set show that proposed methods achieve an average Dice scores of 0.905, 0.821, and 0.806 for whole tumor (WT), tumor core (TC) and enhancing tumor (ET), respectively. Compared with DL (baseline), the proposed RFL significantly improves the Dice scores by an average of 1%, and for the small region ET it can even increase by 3%. And the proposed method combined with ITA‐NET improves the Dice scores of ET and TC by 5% and 3% respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed RFL can converge with a invariant focalized point in the training of segmentation network, thus effectively alleviating the hard‐voxel imbalance in brain tumor MRI segmentation. The negative region term of RFL can effectively reduce the sensitivity of the segmentation model to the misclassification of small structures. The proposed ITA‐NET can increase the diversity of hard samples by transforming their shape and transfer their intra‐class intensity, thereby effectively improving the robustness of the segmentation network to hard samples.
Transcriptional Ontogeny Platform of Sex Determination/Sex Differentiation Genes in Almaco Jack Larvae
Authors: Guerrero-Tortolero Danitzia A. , Vázquez-Islas Grecia , Campos-Ramos Rafael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The fish sex determination/sex differentiation (SD) system is still intriguing in many species, such as Seriola fish. Marine amberjacks have a conserved ZW/ZZ SD system. We aimed to identify how early SD genes were expressed in larval Almaco Jack Seriola rivoliana by RNA sequencing and to determine whether there was an early developmental differential expression up to the onset of exogenous feeding. Transcriptome analysis identified sox5 and sox7 (female) and sox3 and sox8 (male) genes; all of the known female SD genes, including hsd17b1 (master sex gene in Seriola), foxl2, and cyp19a, plus genes involved in female sexual development and maintenance, estrogen signaling, and osteoclast proliferation; and all of the known male SD genes, including dmrt1, nr5a1, gsdf, amhy, and amhr2. The expression of most SD genes occurred on each day during larval development. However, most of them showed low abundance levels and null differential expression except for the downregulation of the sox and foxl2 genes, which might have served an unknown function or were maternally derived rather than autonomously downregulated. We suggest that the concomitant expression of female and male SD genes in early larval stages is a biological transcriptional ontogeny sex platform that ensures posterior sex-specific expression and sex differentiation. A single missense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the catalytic center of hsd17b1 has been suggested to differentiate phenotypic sex in Seriola by an endocrine regulation on estradiol synthesis. In that case, the ontogeny sex platform would be directed by the SNP but still critical to differentiate gonads.
Capture Is Predicted by Behavior and Size, Not Metabolism, in Muskellunge
Authors: Bieber John F. , Louison Michael J. , Suski Cory D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Fish that strike angling lures often have a set of characteristics that predispose them to capture. Vulnerable fish may then be removed from a population, either through harvest or incidental mortality, and in turn leave individuals in a population that are less vulnerable to angling. Over time, the removal of vulnerable individuals can erode capture rates, possibly resulting in evolutionary changes if traits that result in capture correlate with characteristics such as fecundity or growth. We sought to define the mechanisms driving individual angling vulnerability in Muskellunge Esox masquinongy, with the intent of informing management activities to conserve populations. The behavior of individually identified Muskellunge (n = 68; mean TL = 310.2 mm; range = 229–350 mm) was assessed using standard open-field tests; the fish were then stocked into earthen-bottom ponds to assess angling vulnerability. After angling, all captured fish and a subset of uncaptured fish were assessed for metabolic parameters. Results indicated that larger Muskellunge displaying low levels of exploration and aggression were preferentially captured. Behaviors such as boldness and activity did not influence capture, and metabolic parameters did not differ between captured and uncaptured fish.
Sexual dysfunction in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: Do onabotulinum toxin‐A injections improve sexual function?
Authors: Topcuoglu Murat , Karaburun Murat Can , İbiş Arif , Gokce Mehmet İlker , Süer Evren , Gülpinar Omer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) has a negative impact on female sexual function. We aimed to evaluate the effect of intravesical botulinum toxin‐A (BTX‐A) injection on the improvement of sexual dysfunction and urinary symptoms using the multi‐domain female sexual function Index (FSFI), interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI), and interstitial cystitis problem index (ICPI).Material and MethodThe data of the 23 patients (study group) who received intravesical BTX‐A with the diagnosis of IC/BPS were reviewed. Twenty‐three age‐matched healthy, sexually active women were determined as the control group. Patients received 100 U BTX‐A submucosally injections, including the trigone. One hundred units of BTX‐A were diluted to 20 cc 0.9% saline, and 1  cc was then applied submucosally on 20 different points of the bladder wall (5 U/1 mL per site). The study group was asked to fill out FSFI, ICSI, and ICPI, as well as the visual analog scale (VAS) and bladder diary before and 3 months after the treatment. Patients in the control group completed the same questionnaires once. The pre‐ and post‐treatment questionnaire scores were compared in the study group. The study group's data were also compared to the control group.ResultsCompared to the pretreatment period, the study group showed statistically significant improvement in the total FSFI score and each domain of the FSFI after BTX‐A injection. The mean total FSFI score and three domains of FSFI (desire, lubrication, pain) reached to the score of the control group following BTX‐A injection. Statistically significant improvements were also shown in scores of ICSI, ICPI, and VAS. (p < 0.05).ConclusionIC/BPS is associated with a very high incidence of sexual dysfunction. Intravesical BTX‐A injection may provide significant improvement in sexual dysfunction in women with IC/BPS.
Structure preserving quaternion full orthogonalization method with applications
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Qing‐Wen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a structure‐preserving quaternion full orthogonalization method (QFOM) for solving quaternion linear systems arising from color image restoration. The method is based on the quaternion Arnoldi procedure preserving the quaternion Hessenberg form. Combining with the preconditioning techniques, we further derive a variant of the QFOM for solving the linear systems, which can greatly improve the rate of convergence of QFOM. Numerical experiments on randomly generated data and color image restoration problems illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in comparison with some existing methods.