bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Optimization Operation of Wind Power Station
Authors: Feng Qiming , Qian Suping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Wind energy is the most widely utilized renewable energy source. Because wind energy is environmentally friendly, clean, abundant, and easy to develop, wind power generation technology has been vigorously promoted. Through the assessment of wind resources and the mining of data from wind power generators, it turns out that wind power resource is abundant in the wind plant area, but their utilization is very low. According to the wind speed and the actual measured power of the wind generator, the law of wind power variation with wind speed is derived by curve fitting, and then combined with the performance parameters of the wind generator, the theoretical power curve of the wind generator is obtained. On this basis, the power of wind generators in different locations is calculated according to different wind speeds, so as to select the most suitable wind generator model, which provides a theoretical solution for the optimal use of wind resources.
Saskatchewan’s oil and gas methane: how have underestimated emissions in Canada impacted progress toward 2025 climate goals?
Authors: Seymour Scott P , Li Hugh Z , MacKay Katlyn , Kang Mary , Xie Donglai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Canada has set ambitious methane emission reduction targets for its oil and gas industry, and recently, the province of Saskatchewan—Canada’s second largest oil producing region—announced it has already exceeded the first of these targets. Using detailed operator-reported emissions data, published for the first time from Saskatchewan in 2022, we estimate the province’s upstream oil and gas methane inventory to independently evaluate the reported emission reductions. While the inventory suggests that Saskatchewan has surpassed its target, the inclusion of recently published site-level aerial measurement data from cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) wells suggests that the methane inventory is underestimated by between 30% and 40%. This inventory update is supported by new regional aerial measurements confirming the continued underestimation of emissions at CHOPS wells. Since these emissions likely evade required reduction under current regulations, we evaluate achievable emission levels if such CHOPS emissions are accurately measured/reported. The results show Saskatchewan can achieve much deeper emission reductions under current regulations with improved emission measurement, reporting, and verification methods. We discuss the benefits and risks inherent in Saskatchewan’s regulatory approach where emission limits are primarily set at the operator-level.
Identification of a characteristic VOCs pattern in the exhaled breath of post-COVID subjects: are metabolic alterations induced by the infection still detectable?
Authors: Di Gilio Alessia , Palmisani Jolanda , Picciariello Arcangelo , Zambonin Carlo , Aresta Antonella , De Vietro Nicoletta , Franchini Silvana A , Ventrella Gianrocco , Nisi Marirosa R , Licen Sabina , Barbieri Pierluigi , Altomare Donato F , de Gennaro Gianluigi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is expected to cause metabolic alterations due to viral replication and the host immune response resulting in increase of cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity. The present prospective observational study is addressed at exploring the potentialities of breath analysis in discrimination between patients with a documented previous history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and, at the moment of the enrollment, exhibiting a negative nasopharyngeal swab and acquired immunity (post-COVID) and healthy subjects with no evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (no-COVID). The main purpose is to understand if traces of metabolic alterations induced during the acute phase of the infection are still detectable after negativization, in the form of a characteristic volatile organic compound (VOC) pattern. An overall number of 60 volunteers aged between 25 and 70 years were enrolled in the study (post-COVID: n.30; no-COVID: n. 30), according to well-determined criteria. Breath and ambient air samples were collected by means of an automated sampling system (Mistral) and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). Statistical tests (Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis test) and multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis) were performed on data sets. Among all compounds detected (76 VOCs in 90% of breath samples), 5 VOCs (1-propanol, isopropanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, propanal and 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenol) showed abundances in breath samples collected from post-COVID subjects significantly different with respect to those collected from no-COVID group (Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis test, p-values <0.05). Although not completely satisfactory separation between the groups was obtained, variables showing significant differences between the two groups and higher loadings for PCA are recognized biomarkers of COVID-19, according to previous studies in literature. Therefore, based on the outcomes obtained, traces of metabolic alterations induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection are still detectable after negativization. This evidence raises questions about the eligibility of post-COVID subjects in observational studies addressed at the detection of COVID-19. (Ethical Committee Registration number: 120/AG/11).
Ideal approach to convergence in functional spaces
Authors: Bardyla Serhii , Šupina Jaroslav , Zdomskyy Lyubomyr 
Published: June 2023

We solve the last standing open problem from the seminal paper by J. Gerlits and Zs. Nagy [Topology Appl. 14 (1982), pp. 151–161], which was later reposed by A. Miller, T. Orenshtein, and B. Tsaban. Namely, we show that under

p

=

c

\mathfrak {p}=\mathfrak {c}

there is a

δ
\delta

-set that is not a

γ
\gamma

-set. Thus we constructed a subset

A
A

of reals such that the space

C

p

(
A
)

\mathrm {C}_p(A)

of all real-valued continuous functions on

A
A

is not Fréchet–Urysohn, but possesses the Pytkeev property. Moreover, under

C
H

\mathbf {CH}

we construct a

π
\pi

-set that is not a

δ
\delta

-set solving a problem by M. Sakai. In fact, we construct various examples of

δ
\delta

-sets that are not

γ
\gamma

-sets, satisfying finer properties parametrized by ideals on natural numbers. Finally, we distinguish ideal variants of the Fréchet–Urysohn property for many different Borel ideals in the realm of functional spaces.
Efficient production of bispecific antibodies—optimization of transfection strategy leads to high-level stable cell line generation of a Fabs-in-tandem immunoglobin
Authors: Gong Shiyong , Wu Chengbin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are often composed of more than two component chains, such as Fabs-in-tandem immunoglobin (FIT-Ig) comprising three different component chains, which bring challenges for generating a high proportion of the correctly assembled bsAbs in a stable cell line. During the CHO-K1 stable cell line construction of a FIT-Ig, we investigated the FIT-Ig component chain ratio in transfection, where two sets of expression vectors were designed. Both designs utilized two vectors for co-transfection. Multiple transfections with plasmid ratio adjustment were applied, and the resultant minipools were evaluated for expression titer and quality of produced FIT-Ig. The results suggested that abundant outer Fab short chains (twofold chain genes versus other chains) can promote complete FIT-Ig assembly and therefore reduce the fragmental impurities of FIT-Ig. This adjustment of the component chain ratios at the beginning is beneficial to FIT-Ig stable cell line generation and brings favorable clones to process development.
National Identities in Global Health: Kenya’s Vaccine Diplomacy During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Harrington John , Ngira David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How do national identities matter in global health? Our paper addresses this question through a study of Kenya’s vaccine diplomacy during the Covid-19 pandemic. It combines critical perspectives, challenging the neglect of African agency in international relations (IR), with constructivist approaches highlighting the importance of discourse in the exercise of agency. The insight that identity is an important resource in the realization of foreign policy goals is confirmed by our review of interventions by senior Kenyan leaders, as well as ministries and official bodies, concerned with vaccine procurement during the pandemic. Moreover, this material shows that identity is not pre-given, but rather performed in discourse, being adapted and renewed in speeches, briefings, policy documents, and so on. Identities are plural, not singular, drawing on historic and cultural resources proper to individual states. This allows us to link the range of identities performed during the Covid-19 pandemic to earlier moments in Kenya’s diplomatic history, noting the continued pertinence of its image, variously, as ‘an island of stability’, ‘a good global health citizen’, ‘a member of the pan-African community of states’, and ‘an active contributor to IR’.
Estimated Population Health Benefits of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Treatment Among SPRINT-Eligible US Adults
Authors: Derington Catherine G , Bress Adam P , Berchie Ransmond O , Herrick Jennifer S , Shen Jincheng , Ying Jian , Greene Tom , Tajeu Gabriel S , Sakhuja Swati , Ruiz-Negrón Natalia , Zhang Yiyi , Howard George , Levitan Emily B , Muntner Paul , Safford Monika M , Whelton Paul K , Weintraub William S , Moran Andrew E , Bellows Brandon K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) demonstrated an intensive (&lt;120 mm Hg) vs. standard (&lt;140 mm Hg) systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal lowered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Estimating the effect of intensive SBP lowering among SPRINT-eligible adults most likely to benefit can guide implementation efforts.

Methods
We studied SPRINT participants and SPRINT-eligible participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). A published algorithm of predicted CVD benefit with intensive SBP treatment was used to categorize participants into low, medium, or high predicted benefit. CVD event rates were estimated with intensive and standard treatment.

Results
Median age was 67.0, 72.0, and 64.0 years in SPRINT, SPRINT-eligible REGARDS, and SPRINT-eligible NHANES participants, respectively. The proportion with high predicted benefit was 33.0% in SPRINT, 39.0% in SPRINT-eligible REGARDS, and 23.5% in SPRINT-eligible NHANES. The estimated difference in CVD event rate (standard minus intensive) was 7.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4–10.7), 8.4 (95% CI 8.2–8.5), and 6.1 (95% CI 5.9–6.3) per 1,000 person-years in SPRINT, SPRINT-eligible REGARDS participants, and SPRINT-eligible NHANES participants, respectively (median 3.2-year follow-up). Intensive SBP treatment could prevent 84,300 (95% CI 80,800–87,920) CVD events per year in 14.1 million SPRINT-eligible US adults; 29,400 and 28,600 would be in 7.0 million individuals with medium or high predicted benefit, respectively.

Conclusions
Most of the population health benefit from intensive SBP goals could be achieved by treating those characterized by a previously published algorithm as having medium or high predicted benefit.
Grow up, be persistent, and stay focused: keys for solving foraging problems by free-ranging possums
Authors: Harris Hannah , Wat Katie K Y , Banks Peter B , Greenville Aaron , McArthur Clare 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Individuals within a species often vary in both their problem-solving approach and ability, affecting their capacity to access novel food resources. Testing problem-solving in free-ranging individuals is crucial for understanding the fundamental ecological implications of problem-solving capacity. To examine the factors affecting problem-solving in free-ranging animals, we presented three food-extraction tasks of increasing difficulty to urban common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). We quantified two measures of problem-solving performance: trial outcome (success/failure) and time to solve and tested the influence of a range of potential drivers, including individual traits (personality, body weight, sex, and age), mechanistic behaviors that quantify problem-solving approach (work time, functional behavior time, behavioral diversity, and flexibility), and prior experience with the puzzles. We found that mechanistic behaviors were key drivers of performance. Individuals displaying greater persistence (higher work and functional behavior time) were more likely to solve a food-extraction task on their first attempt. Individuals also solved problems faster if they were more persistent and had lower behavioral flexibility. Personality indirectly affected time to solve one of the three problems by influencing time allocated to functional behaviors. Finally, adults solved the most difficult problem faster than juveniles. Overall, our study provides rare insight into the drivers underlying the problem-solving performance of wild animals. Such insight could be used to improve management strategies and conservation efforts, such as food or bait deployment, tailored to suit the innovative foraging abilities of target individuals in new and changing environments.
Two decades of surgical randomized controlled trials: worldwide trends in volume and methodological quality
Authors: Pronk Aagje J M , Roelofs Anne , Flum David R , Bonjer H Jaap , Abu Hilal Mohammed , Dijkgraaf Marcel G W , Besselink Marc G , Ahmed Ali Usama 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
RCTs are essential in guiding clinical decision-making but are difficult to perform, especially in surgery. This review assessed the trend in volume and methodological quality of published surgical RCTs over two decades.

Methods
PubMed was searched systematically for surgical RCTs published in 1999, 2009, and 2019. The primary outcomes were volume of trials and RCTs with a low risk of bias. Secondary outcomes were clinical, geographical, and funding characteristics.

Results
Some 1188 surgical RCTs were identified, of which 300 were published in 1999, 450 in 2009, and 438 in 2019. The most common subspecialty in 2019 was gastrointestinal surgery (50.7 per cent). The volume of surgical RCTs increased mostly in Asia (61, 159, and 199 trials), especially in China (7, 40, and 81). In 2019, countries with the highest relative volume of published surgical RCTs were Finland and the Netherlands. Between 2009 and 2019, the proportion of RCTs with a low risk of bias increased from 14.7 to 22.1 per cent (P = 0.004). In 2019, the proportion of trials with a low risk of bias was highest in Europe (30.5 per cent), with the UK and the Netherlands as leaders in this respect.

Conclusion
The volume of published surgical RCTs worldwide remained stable in the past decade but their methodological quality improved. Considerable geographical shifts were observed, with Asia and especially China leading in terms of volume. Individual European countries are leading in their relative volume and methodological quality of surgical RCTs.
Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alters the individual functional dynamical landscape
Authors: Fan Liming , Li Youjun , Huang Zi-Gang , Zhang Wenlong , Wu Xiaofeng , Liu Tian , Wang Jue 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive approach to modulate brain activity and behavior in humans. Still, how individual resting-state brain dynamics after rTMS evolves across different functional configurations is rarely studied. Here, using resting state fMRI data from healthy subjects, we aimed to examine the effects of rTMS to individual large-scale brain dynamics. Using Topological Data Analysis based Mapper approach, we construct the precise dynamic mapping (PDM) for each participant. To reveal the relationship between PDM and canonical functional representation of the resting brain, we annotated the graph using relative activation proportion of a set of large-scale resting-state networks (RSNs) and assigned the single brain volume to corresponding RSN-dominant or a hub state (not any RSN was dominant). Our results show that (i) low-frequency rTMS could induce changed temporal evolution of brain states; (ii) rTMS didn’t alter the hub-periphery configurations underlined resting-state brain dynamics; and (iii) the rTMS effects on brain dynamics differ across the left frontal and occipital lobe. In conclusion, low-frequency rTMS significantly alters the individual temporo-spatial dynamics, and our finding further suggested a potential target-dependent alteration of brain dynamics. This work provides a new perspective to comprehend the heterogeneous effect of rTMS.
Spatial-Aware Multi-Directional Autoencoder For Pre-Training
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Liang Shangsong , Yin Jian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Vision Transformers for pre-trained models explore semantic context and spatial relationships for images, which heavily depend on how you select image patches. In this paper, we propose a novel Spatial-aware Multi-directional Patches Multi-cycle Autoencoder (SMPMA) for a pre-trained model that brings the following benefits: (1) Spatial-aware Multi-directional (SM) patches are created with multi-directional spatial locations, transforming a whole image autoencoder problem into a short-span image patches autoencoder problem; (2) SM patches admit a self-cycle autoencoder alignment learning for the first stage and a cross-cycle interaction learning for the second stage, which makes patches align and interact for optimization; (3) SM patches enable to explore local object features and correlation distribution of adjacent pixels by taking arbitrary sampled patches as inputs. Experimental results on four downstream tasks show that our model can achieve state-of-the-art performance over the tasks of image generation, image classification and semantic segmentation.
Successful defibrillation testing in patients undergoing elective subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator replacement
Authors: de Veld Jolien A , Pepplinkhuizen Shari , van der Stuijt Willeke , Quast Anne-Floor B E , Olde Nordkamp Louise R A , Kooiman Kirsten M , Wilde Arthur A M , Smeding Lonneke , Knops Reinoud E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
After implantation of a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD), a defibrillation test (DFT) is performed to ensure that the device can effectively detect and terminate the induced ventricular arrhythmia. Data on DFT efficacy at generator replacement are scarce with a limited number of patients and conflicting results. This study evaluates conversion efficacy during DFT at elective S-ICD generator replacement in a large cohort from our tertiary centre.

Methods and results
Retrospective data of patients who underwent an S-ICD generator replacement for battery depletion with subsequent DFT between February 2015 and June 2022 were collected. Defibrillation test data were collected from both implant and replacement procedures. PRAETORIAN scores at implant were calculated. Defibrillation test was defined unsuccessful when two conversions at 65 J failed. A total of 121 patients were included. The defibrillation test was successful in 95% after the first and 98% after two consecutive tests. This was comparable with success rates at implant, despite a significant rise in shock impedance (73 ± 23 vs. 83 ± 24 Ω, P &lt; 0.001). Both patients with an unsuccessful DFT at 65 J successfully converted with 80 J.

Conclusion
This study shows a high DFT conversion rate at elective S-ICD generator replacement, which is comparable to conversion rates at implant, despite a rise in shock impedance. Evaluating device position before generator replacement may be recommended to optimize defibrillation success at generator replacement.
Moment magnitude for earthquakes in the Etna volcano area
Authors: Saraò Angela , Moratto Luca , Giampiccolo Elisabetta , Cocina Ornella 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYAccurate quantification of seismic activity in volcanic regions is an important asset for improving hazard and risk assessment. This is especially true for densely populated areas, as in the case of Etna volcano (Southern Italy). There, the volcanic hazard is amplified by the seismic risk of active faults, especially on the eastern flank of the volcano. In such a context, it is common to rely on moment magnitude (MW) to characterize seismicity and monitor the energy released during an eruption. In this study, we calculate the moment-based magnitude (MW) for selected seismic data sets, using different approaches in distinct magnitude ranges to cover the widest possible range of magnitude that characterizes Etna's seismicity. Specifically, we computed the MW from a data set of moment tensor solutions of earthquakes that occurred in the magnitude range 3.4 ≤ ML ≤ 4.8 during 2005–2020; we created a data set of seismic moment and associated MW for earthquakes 1.0 ≤ ML &lt; 3.4 obtained by analysing source spectra; we fine-tuned two relationships, for shallow and deep earthquakes, to obtain MW from response spectra. Finally, we calibrated a specific relationship between MW and ML for the Etna area earthquakes in the range 1.0 ≤ ML ≤ 4.8. All the empirical relationships obtained in this study can be applied in real-time analysis of the seismicity to provide fast and robust information on the released seismic energy.
Moment tensor event identification for collapses
Authors: Pasyanos Michael E , Ichinose Gene A , Ford Sean R 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
We introduce a seismic identification method for collapse events using moment tensors (MTs). We start by computing full (six-element) MT solutions for 43 identified collapse events from around the world, and statistically characterizing the population on the MT hypersphere. We then test a large data set of over 1000 full MTs for the western U.S. against the distribution of collapses using a MT-based identification method similarly as used for testing explosions. Known collapses and explosions are readily identified, along with other anomalous events in the Geysers and central California coast. Misidentification rates are determined for various screening angles with optimal misidentification rates between earthquakes and collapses on the order of 3 per cent. The method is demonstrated to be very effective at identifying non-earthquake sources with a 97–98 per cent accuracy. It is likely to be transportable to other regions, and can be used for event identification anywhere full MT solutions are routinely calculated.