bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase inhibitor, A484954, induces hypoglycaemic and hypotensive effects
Authors: Kodama Tomoko , Kameshima Satoshi , Otani Kosuke , Okada Muneyoshi , Yamawaki Hideyuki 
Published: January 2025

Background and PurposeEukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) belongs to the Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase family. We previously revealed that A484954, a selective eEF2K inhibitor, caused hypotensive and diuretic effects via the production of nitric oxide (NO) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats are hypertensive because of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because an NO synthase inhibitor was reported to increase the expression of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2), we hypothesised that A484954 causes not only hypotensive but also hypoglycaemic effects via NO production in OLETF rats.Experimental ApproachTo test the hypothesis, we examined the effects of A484954 administration on hyperglycaemia and hypertension in OLETF rats. OLETF rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of A484954 (2.5 mg kg−1 day−1) for 7 days. Then, we measured blood and urinary glucose level, urine output, systolic blood pressure and ventricular contractility. We also conducted Western blotting and isometric tension measurements.Key ResultsA484954 induced a decrease in blood glucose, an increase in urinary glucose excretion, and a decrease in protein expression of kidney SGLT2. In addition, A484954 induced a decrease in systolic blood pressure, an NO‐dependent vasorelaxation, and a diuretic effect. Further, A484954 enhanced left ventricular contractility.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe, for the first time, revealed that (1) A484954 caused hypoglycaemic effects through increasing urinary glucose excretion via decreasing SGLT2, (2) A484954 improved diabetic complication, including hypertension, through vasorelaxation and diuresis via NO production, and (3) A484954 had a positive inotropic effect.
Treating Hematological Malignancies With OR‐2100, an Orally Bioavailable Prodrug of Decitabine
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuro , Kidoguchi Keisuke , Kimura Shinya 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDNA methylation is an enzyme‐driven epigenetic modification that must be precisely regulated to maintain cellular homeostasis. Aberrant methylation status, especially hypermethylation of the promoter sites of tumor‐suppressor genes, is observed in human malignancies and is a proven target for cancer therapy. The first‐generation DNA demethylating agents, azacitidine and decitabine, are widely used for treating several hematological malignancies. In addition, orally bioavailable prodrugs of azacitidine and decitabine have recently been approved by the FDA. We have developed a silylated derivative of decitabine, OR‐2100, which is resistant to degradation by cytidine deaminase and orally bioavailable. It has efficacy against several human hematological malignancies in xenograft mouse models with less hematotoxicity than decitabine. Since DNA demethylating agents are combined with molecularly targeted drugs in clinical use and trials, we think that the less hematotoxic profile of OR‐2100 makes it suitable for use as a combination therapy. In this article, we review the therapeutic approach in hematological malignancies with the DNA demethylating agent OR‐2100.
Artificial Intelligence in Detecting and Segmenting Vertical Misfit of Prosthesis in Radiographic Images of Dental Implants: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Fasih Paniz , Yari Amir , Kamali Hakim Lotfollah , Kashe Nader Nasim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study evaluated ResNet‐50 and U‐Net models for detecting and segmenting vertical misfit in dental implant crowns using periapical radiographic images.MethodsPeriapical radiographs of dental implant crowns were classified by two experts based on the presence of vertical misfit (reference group). The misfit area was manually annotated in images exhibiting vertical misfit. The resulting datasets were utilized to train the ResNet‐50 and U‐Net deep learning models. Then, 70% of the images were allocated for training, while the remaining 30% were used for validation and testing. Five general dentists categorized the testing images as “misfit” or “fit.” Inter‐rater reliability with Cohen's kappa index and performance metrics were calculated. The average performance metrics of dentists and artificial intelligence (AI) were compared using the paired‐samples t test.ResultsA total of 638 radiographs were collected. The kappa values between dentists and AI ranged from 0.93 to 0.98, indicating perfect agreement. The ResNet‐50 model achieved accuracy and precision of 92.7% and 87.5%, respectively, whereas dentists had a mean accuracy of 93.3% and precision of 89.6%. The sensitivity and specificity for AI were 90.3% and 93.8%, respectively, compared to 90.1% and 95.1% for dentists. The Dice coefficient yielded 88.9% for the ResNet‐50 and 89.5% among the dentists. The U‐Net algorithm produced a loss of 0.01 and an accuracy of 0.98. No significant difference was found between the average performance metrics of dentists and AI (p > 0.05).ConclusionAI can detect and segment vertical misfit of implant prosthetic crowns in periapical radiographs, comparable to clinician performance.
The Alteration of Brain Network Topology in Tinnitus Transition From Recent‐Onset to Chronic
Authors: Xie Jiapei , Zhang Weidong , Wei Wei , Bai Yan , Shen Yu , Meng Nan , Wang Xinhui , Wang Meiyun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe occurrence and persistence of tinnitus result from the interaction of multiple neural networks. This study aims to explore the alterations in brain network topology associated with the transition of tinnitus from recent‐onset to chronic. Twenty‐eight patients with chronic tinnitus, 28 patients with recent‐onset tinnitus and 28 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. We performed a graph theory analysis to identify aberrant brain network topologies and calculated the correlation between differential brain regions and clinical indicators. Compared with the recent‐onset tinnitus group, patients with chronic tinnitus showed decreased global efficiency (Eg, decreased by 3.7%, p < 0.001), local efficiency (Eloc, decreased by 1.8%, p = 0.031) and small‐worldness (decreased by 13.8%, p = 0.007) and increased characteristic path length (Lp, increased by 6.8%, p = 0.001). Additionally, ANOVA revealed significant differences in the AUC of degree centrality (DC), nodal efficiency (Ne), nodal clustering coefficient (NCp) and nodal local efficiency (Nle) among the three groups in brain regions such as the superior temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, middle occipital gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, cuneus and putamen (q < 0.05, FDR corrected). Notably, several of these regions were associated with tinnitus duration, distress and loudness. The topological properties of several brain networks were altered in patients with chronic tinnitus compared to those with recent‐onset tinnitus, providing new insights into the neural mechanisms of tinnitus chronification. These findings could inform the development of targeted interventions aimed at mitigating the progression from recent‐onset to chronic tinnitus.
Yearling laryngeal function grades II.2 and below are not associated with reduced performance
Authors: Hardwick Josephine L. , Ahern Benjamin J. , Crawford Kylie L. , Allen Kate J. , Anderson Brian H. , Rose Kim J. , Franklin Samantha H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between Thoroughbred yearling laryngeal function (YLF) grade and race performance is unclear.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of YLF on future race performance.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPost‐sale endoscopic recordings were reviewed from Australian yearling sales in 2018–2019. Race performance was evaluated for career and as 2‐, 3‐ and ≥4‐year‐olds. Multivariable generalised linear modelling examined the association between YLF and performance, with risk estimates presented as coefficients (95% CI).ResultsThe YLF in 5175 examinations was graded I in 29.8% (n = 1542); II.1 in 49.0% (n = 2537), II.2 in 16.5% (n = 855), III.1 in 3.9% (n = 200), III.2 in 0.8% (n = 39) and III.3 in <0.04% (n = 2). Additional endoscopic abnormalities included ventroaxial luxation of the corniculate process (VLAC, n = 77, 1.5%); arytenoid mucosal lesions (n = 392, 7.6%) and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (iDDSP, n = 1264, 24.4%). Median (IQR) career earnings were: grade I $45 095 ($15 565, $113 220); grade II.1 $45 315 ($15 915, $107 490), grade II.2 $38 610 ($14 326, $95 218), grade III.1 $32 765 ($8565, $86 030) and grade III.2 $35 810 ($3700, $65 770). There was no difference in career earnings for YLF grades II.2 and III.1, compared with referent grade I/II.1, whereas grade III.2 earned less overall (−$46 015 (95% CI: −$89 994, −$2036), p = 0.04). Earnings in ≥4‐year‐olds were less for grades III.1 (−$35 076 (−$56 129, −$14 024), p = 0.001) and III.2 (−$53 219, (−$76 062, −$30 375) p < 0.001).Main limitationsLack of follow‐up data due to retrospective nature of study. Exclusion of unraced horses and those with no prize money from analysis.ConclusionsNinety‐five percent of the yearling population had grades I, II.1 or II.2 YLF and minimal difference in race performance was identified between them. Horses with grade III.1 YLF performed similarly to grades I/II.1 in their early careers but had reduced race performance at ≥4‐year‐old.
Effectiveness of a Strobing Light System for Deflecting Downstream Migrating European Silver Eels (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: Lenihan Eamonn S. , McCarthy T. Kieran , Lawton Colin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic structures, such as dams, delay, injure and kill during downstream migrating silver‐phase Anguillid eels. To enhance spawner escapement from rivers, efforts are being made to develop devices that guide eels towards safe passage routes. We tested the ability of a strobing light array to deflect downstream migrating European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) by comparing the distribution of eel catches in a series of nets when lights were on (treatment periods) and off (control periods). Deflection efficiency of the light array was 80.6% (95% CL = 74.3%–85.3%), estimated by comparing the proportion of the total biomass captured in nets located immediately downstream of the light array during control and treatment periods. Eels caught during treatment periods (Mean ± S.E.; 452 ± 11 mm) were significantly smaller than those caught during control periods (538 ± 8 mm), which suggested that smaller eels were less capable of avoiding the light array. Future research should determine specifications for operation of strobe light arrays, including effects of light intensity and strobe rate, angle of array deployment, and effects of environmental factors on deflection efficiency.
Evaluating Process and Outcomes of Public Involvement in Applied Health and Social Care Research: A Rapid Systematic Review
Authors: Wearn Angela , Brennan‐Tovey Kerry , Adams Emma A. , Alderson Hayley , Baariu Judy , Cheetham Mandy , Bartle Victoria , Palfreyman Lucy , Rook Violet , Shenton Felicity , Ramsay Sheena E. , Kaner Eileen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivePublic Involvement (PI) in applied health and social care research has grown exponentially in the UK. This review aims to synthesise published UK evidence that evaluates the process and/or outcome(s) of PI in applied health and social care research to identify key contextual factors, effective strategies, outcomes and public partner experiences underpinning meaningful PI in research.MethodsFollowing a pre‐registered protocol, we systematically searched four databases and two key journals for studies conducted within the UK between January 2006 and July 2024. A team of public partners and researchers carried out independent dual screening and data extraction. Included studies were narratively synthesised via Framework Synthesis.ResultsNineteen studies evaluated the PI process with a range of populations including National Health Service (NHS) users, carers, and low‐income communities. No specific outcome evaluations were identified. Through their experience, public partners described important components of meaningful PI such as mutual respect and seeing and contributing to change, as well as some unintended harms of involvement. Harms related to ‘experiencing negative attitudes’, ‘emotional burden of involvement’, ‘frustration and disappointment’ and ‘further marginalisation’. Meaningful PI was underpinned by structural, organisational, interpersonal and individual factors; as well as practical and principle‐based strategies of involvement. Both public partners and researchers reflected on a range of outcomes of meaningful PI including changes to the research process and longer term impacts on organisations, researchers and public partners.ConclusionsPI in research must be facilitated at multiple levels to reduce unintended harm and encourage meaningful and impactful outcomes. Findings are summarised within a model which gives an overview of priorities for individual researchers, organisations and funders to ensure best practice is achievable. From a methodological perspective, researchers should prioritise robust, transparent and co‐produced approaches to evaluating PI to increase knowledge in the field.Patient and Public InvolvementA regional public advisory network provided insight on the relevance and acceptability of the review concept. Our core research team included three public partners. Public partners contributed to the development of the initial review protocol, abstract and full‐text screening, reviewing findings and their interpretation and writing the final report.
INFORMATION DESIGN IN ALLOCATION WITH COSTLY VERIFICATION
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chun , Hu Gaoji , Yang Xiangqian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe study information design in a single‐agent allocation problem with costly verification, where the principal has a positive reservation value. The agent learns privately a signal about the principal's allocation value, drawn from a distribution controlled by an information designer. Given the signal distribution, the principal designs a mechanism to maximize her net value. We show that the agent‐optimal information pools high values at a signal just worth verification, whereas the principal‐optimal information features full disclosure. Moreover, any agent‐optimal information is principal‐worst, despite their partially aligned interests and the absence of transfers.
How AI Helps to Compile Human Intelligence: An Empirical Study of Emerging Augmented Intelligence for Medical Image Scanning
Authors: Pieper Mechthild , Gleasure Rob 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) is advancing continuously. However, full delegation to an AI application is often not possible or desirable due to technical limitations, ethical concerns or legal issues. Augmented intelligence systems, where humans and AI work together jointly, have been proposed to improve decision making in complex, uncertain and failure‐intolerant environments. Yet, this raises questions about how compatible human and AI knowledge are, and whether translating between the two increases decision making intelligence, or whether it effectively limits AI applications' capacity for computational agency and human agents' capacity to consider uniquely human knowledge. We explore this notion by looking at augmented intelligence in terms of systemic intelligence and mutual learning. Building on an emergence perspective, we perform a case study of an augmented intelligence system for image‐based diagnostics in the radiology branch of a medical care centre. Our findings indicate a strong distinction between specialists' and non‐specialists' intelligence augmentation with AI. This distinction fuels generative cycles which produce iteratively more sophisticated algorithms, human representations and practical routines. Drawing on this analysis, we propose three stages by which new forms of intelligence emerge from the addition of AI recommendation tools, specifically, intelligence by propagation, intelligence by specialisation and intelligence by articulation.
Electromagnetic properties of Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite as magnetic sheet in wireless charging system
Authors: Yang Pao , Qi Hongbin , Fu Xiuli , Peng Zhijian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo obtain high‐performance magnetic sheet with high initial permeability and low magnetic loss for wireless charging system, Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite ceramics with a chemical formula of Ni0.6 − xZn0.4CuxFe2O4 (x = 0–0.30) were prepared by traditional solid reaction‐sintering method. As expected, the doped Cu2+ ions could effectively reduce the sintering temperature and increase the density of the ferrites. With increasing doping amount of Cu2+, the coercivity, saturation magnetization, and Curie temperature of the resultant ferrites decreased. With x = 0.15, the sample presented the maximum initial magnetic permeability and highest Q‐factor. On the basis of the measured magnetic parameters, the ferrites were examined as magnetic sheet in wireless charging system by digital simulation, while the structural parameters of the system were considered and the coefficients of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and excess loss were quantitatively separated under sinusoidal excitation. Specifically, because of its lower core loss, the optimal ferrite (x = 0.15) would perform better with much improved transmission efficiency than that without the doping of Cu2+, especially when the transmitting and receiving coils were settled more apart, which might be a good candidate for wireless charging system, and the proposed simple wireless charging system can be used as a general strategy for the evaluation of magnetic sheets.
Grain boundary energy control in zinc aluminate nanoceramics
Authors: Sotelo Martin Luis , Campos‐Quiros Alexander , Watanabe Masashi , Mason Jeremy K. , Fossati Paul C. M. , Uberuaga Blas P. , Castro Ricardo H. R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the grain boundary energy dependence on segregated dopants in nanocrystalline zinc aluminate ceramics. Atomistic simulations of Σ3 and Σ9 grain boundaries showed that trivalent ions of varying ionic radii [Sc3+ (74.5 pm), In3+ (80.0 pm), Y3+ (90.0 pm), and Nd3+ (98.3 pm)] have a tendency to segregate to both interfaces, with Y3+ presenting the highest segregation potentials. The connection between segregation and the reduction of interfacial energies was explored by measuring the grain boundary energy on nanoceramics fabricated via high‐pressure spark plasma sintering (HP‐SPS) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results revealed that Y3+ doping at 0.5 mol% reduces the grain boundary energy in zinc aluminate nanoceramics from 1.1–1.3 J/m2 to 0.6–0.8 J/m2; the range correlates with the observed size dependence of the excess energy, with higher values observed for the smaller grain sizes (∼17 nm). The noted decrease in interfacial energies for doped samples suggests it is indeed possible to alter the stability of zinc aluminate grain boundaries via dopant segregation.
Women's health care committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Annual report—2024
Authors: Higuchi Tsuyoshi , Iwasa Takeshi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Women's Health Care Committee was established in 2010 to improve the health of women. In the current academic year, this committee established seven subcommittees aimed at understanding diseases related to various age groups of women, including adolescence, sexual maturity, and menopause, and promoting research to improve the quality of life. Additionally, socially significant research has focused on infections, particularly resistant bacteria. The activities of each subcommittee are described. This report is based on the Japanese version of the annual report (Acta Obst Gynaec Jpn 2024;76(6):682–87).
Endometrial cancer with para‐aortic lymph node metastasis following medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy: A case report
Authors: Nakamura Miku , Takahashi Yoshifumi , Koyanagi Takahiro , Takei Yuji , Fujiwara Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMedroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a promising fertility‐sparing treatment for early stage endometrial cancer; however, it has a high recurrence rate and is inferior to surgery. Although the site of recurrence is mostly the endometrium, we here report a case of metastatic recurrence to the para‐aortic lymph node with endometrial recurrence despite a careful follow‐up. A 31‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma, stage IA without myometrial invasion. She requested fertility‐sparing treatment and underwent a 48‐week MPA therapy with complete remission. Follow‐up continued with ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy every 3 and 6 months, respectively; however, at 10 months following MPA therapy, cancer recurrence was detected in the endometrium and para‐aortic lymph node, requiring hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, and lymph node dissection, followed by paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy. This case report highlights that lymph node recurrence can develop despite careful follow‐up following complete remission with MPA therapy for stage IA endometrial cancer.
Effect of crystallization temperature on the flexural strength of lithium disilicate glass ceramics
Authors: Akl Mohammed A. , Dashtti Hashem , Akl Jood , Zheng Fengyuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThis pilot study aimed to compare the flexural strength of Amber Mill CAD to IPS e.max CAD and to determine the impact of different crystallization protocols on the flexural strength of Amber Mill CAD ceramics.Materials and MethodsAmber Mill CAD ceramic blocks of a known Vita Classic shade were selected for testing against control IPS e.max CAD blocks of the same shade. Four different translucencies were selected for Amber Mill CAD blocks: high translucency (HT), medium translucency (MT), low translucency (LT), and medium opacity (MO). Two different translucencies were selected for IPS e.max CAD blocks: HT and LT. The partially crystallized blocks were sectioned and placed into six groups for each temperature protocol for a total of 36 samples for Amber Mill CAD and 18 samples for IPS e.max CAD. The samples were sectioned at a thickness of 1.5 mm to simulate the material thickness recommended by the manufacturer for posterior lithium disilicate (LD) crowns. Four crystallization protocols, as recommended by the manufacturer, were used with Amber Mill CAD blocks, and one crystallization protocol was used with IPS e.max CAD blocks. The samples from each group were subjected to 3‐point bending test. A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey pairwise comparison tests were used for statistical analysis and interpretation of collected data.ResultsThe mean averages of maximum flexural strength for Amber Mill CAD samples were 269.54 MPa, 280.10 MPa, 277.55 MPa, and 254.16 MPa for HT, MT, LT, and MO, respectively. The mean averages of maximum flexural strength for the IPS e.max CAD samples were 302.99 MPa and 283.49 MPa for HT and LT, respectively. No significant differences in the mean average flexural strength were found between the Amber Mill CAD and IPS e.max CAD blocks (p > 0.05). Further, there were no statistical differences in flexural strength between the four crystallization protocols of Amber Mill CAD (p > 0.05).ConclusionAmber Mill CAD shows similar flexural strength to IPS e.max CAD. Further, altering crystallization protocols of the same shade to obtain different translucencies did not affect the flexural strength of Amber Mill CAD.