bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Submucosa and Musculature in the Human Fetal Stomach
Authors: Roy Nivedita , Roy Sagnik 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Development of the human fetal stomach starts at the 4th week of intrauterine life. The knowledge of histogenesis of the musculature of the stomach is important for understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric adenomyoma, congenital anomalies like congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and abnormalities in the development of the enteric nervous system. The aim of this study was to find out the histogenesis of the submucosa (SM), muscularis mucosa (MM), and muscularis externa (ME) in the human fetal stomach.

Methodology:
Sixty-three freshly aborted fetuses which were free from any gross abnormality were collected from the obstetrics and gynecology department and studied for 2 years. The fetuses were dissected, the stomach was removed, and the tissue was processed for a histological study. Staining was done by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Van Gieson's stain. Slides were studied under Zeiss branded light microscope using ×10 and ×40 objectives.

Results:
MM was discontinuous initially and became well defined by 21 weeks in the fundus and body and by the 23rd week in the pyloric region. The density of collagen fibers increased gradually in SM and was seen in bundles from the 23rd week onward. The thickness of SM was more than ME till 22 weeks, and after 27 weeks, it was less than that of ME. In the fundus and body of the stomach, till 18 weeks, ME consisted of two layers, with the inner oblique layer being thicker than the circular layer. The circular layer thickened gradually, and the longitudinal layer appeared by the 25th week. In the pyloric region, initially, there was only a circular layer. The oblique and longitudinal muscle layers appeared at 17–18 weeks and 25th week, respectively. The thickness of the circular layer was found to be more than that of the body from the 21st week onward and became much thicker at around the 27th week. The histological feature of MM, ME, and SM of the stomach resembled an adult pattern by the 28th week of gestational age.

Conclusion:
The findings of the present study about the time of appearance and further development of MM and ME and the thickness and formation of SM of the human fetal stomach are quite comprehensive. These findings are expected to aid in the knowledge of histogenesis of the stomach in the human fetuses and help in the diagnosis and treatment of various congenital anomalies and clinical conditions involving gastric connective tissue and musculature.
Effects of head posture on intraocular pressure and heart rate of human beings
Authors: Kumar Aalok , Srivastav Tanmay 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
The study analyzed the association of head posture on intraocular pressure (IOP). The study aimed to evaluate and measure the changes in IOP and heart rate (HR) of human beings on head-down posture. The study included 105 patients at the department of ophthalmology of a tertiary care center in India.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Patients underwent applanation tonometry and HR variability (HRV) analysis before and after 20 min of head-down posture (approximately 20°). The IOP and HRV were measured.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
The statistical methods of Paired t-test and linear regression analysis were applied. P < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant.

RESULTS:
After 20 min of the 20° head-down position, an increase in IOP was significant from 15.0 ± 2.0 mmHg to 18.0 ± 2.3 mmHg (P < 0.001). A decrease in HR was also significant from 78 ± 10.48 bpm to 72 ± 10.52 bpm after the head-down position for 20 min (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
These outcomes presented the first evidence of the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in the head-down position which might cause decreased HR and the collapse of Schlemm's canal lumen, which in turn leads to the increased IOP.
Visual outcome and complications of small-incision cataract surgery
Authors: Jha Rupak Kumar , Priya Bhadra , Solu Trupti M. , Patel Isha 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) is a commonly performed procedure in developing countries. It does not require expensive machines and can be safely done in high-volume centers also yielding good visual outcomes in the majority of patients. The objective of our study was to assess visual outcomes after SICS conducted at a tertiary care center in South Gujarat and also assessment of various complications responsible for poor visual outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Three hundred and fifteen cataract patients were included in the study. An assessment of intraoperative and postoperative complications was done. Postoperative visual acuity assessment was done and compared with preoperative visual acuity of the patient and factors responsible for poor visual outcomes were assessed. A follow-up examination was done on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30.

RESULTS:
The mean age group of patients was 59.3 years. Females were slightly more (53.3%) in number as compared to males. The most common surgical complication encountered were striate keratopathy (6.35%), followed by iris damage (5.71%), posterior capsular rent (PCR) with vitreous loss (3.14%), hypotony (0.63%), intraocular lens decentration (0.63%), surgery-induced astigmatism (0.63%), choroidal detachment (0.32%), endophthalmitis (0.32%), and hyphema (0.32%). About 95.87% of patients had vision better than 6/18. Complications associated with poor visual outcome (<6/18) were PCR, endophthalmitis, choroidal detachment, and surgical-induced astigmatism.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although SICS can have a significant chance of complications, good visual outcomes can be attained in the majority of patients.
Topical cyclosporine A and interferon alpha-2b as adjuvants to surgery to decrease pterygium recurrence
Authors: Raina Usha K. , Pavitra Banu , Bhattacharya Shruti , Ravinesh Kumar , Goel Ruchi 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Pterygium is very common in India and is usually removed by limbal conjunctival autograft transplantation (LCAT), which, despite being the first-line therapy, is still associated with recurrences of up to 18%.

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the safety and efficacy of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) and interferon (IFN) alpha-2b in the prevention of postoperative recurrence of pterygium.

METHODS:
A total of 40 patients with primary pterygium were randomized into two equal groups, Group C and Group I. Both the groups underwent LCAT, with Group C kept on topical cyclosporine 0.05% (CsA) 4 times daily and Group I on topical IFN alpha 2b 0.2 million IU 4 times daily postoperatively for 3 months. Pre- and posttreatment best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), recurrence, and complications were assessed at day 1, week 1, 1 month, and 3 months.

RESULTS:
The mean preoperative BCVA of 0.51 ± 0.18 and 0.51 ± 0.23 improved to 0.13 ± 0.13 and 0.13 ± 0.13 in Group C and Group I, respectively, after 3 months of treatment (P < 0.0001). Recurrence was seen in 2 cases in Group C and in 1 case in Group I at 3 months. No significant complications occurred in either of the groups.

CONCLUSION:
Topical CsA and IFN Alpha-2b are newer efficacious adjuvants with LCAT for prevention of postoperative pterygium recurrence.
Evaluation of changes in ocular surface disease index score and meibomian gland parameters in primary pterygium
Authors: Mathur Radha , Ashish Chander , Suman Rastogi Priye 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Pterygium is a commonly occurring ocular pathology, characterized by a benign proliferation of conjunctiva which extends onto the corneal surface. Abnormal tear film and meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction have been linked to pterygium development.

AIMS:
This study was done to evaluate the changes taking place in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score and other tear film parameters with MG parameters in patients of primary pterygium as well as evaluation of the relation between them in pterygium.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
This was a case–control study, done in a tertiary care hospital in North India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Patients presenting to the ophthalmology outpatient department with a diagnosis of pterygium were enrolled in the pterygium study group along with their gender- and age-matched controls. Both groups were evaluated for OSDI score and other tear films and MG parameters were compared.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
The results were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
The OSDI score was significant among the study groups with a P = 0.006 and the MG parameters of MG expression score, lid margin abnormality, and meiboscore were also significant with a P = 0.002, 0.002, and < 0.01, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is a positive association between pterygium, tear film abnormality, and MG disease (MGD). A strong association was also established between MGD and dry eye. Any alteration in one will aggravate the other.
The differences in the adrenergic receptors of proximal urethra between sexes
Authors: Hsieh Po-Chun , Chang Shang-Jen , Chang Hsi-Hsien , Yang Stephen Shei-Dei 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The bladder and urethra work as a physiologically functional unit to facilitate continence in the storage and voiding phase. Sex differences have been found in the urethral contraction in response to α-adrenergic receptor activation. This study aimed to investigate the role of adrenergic receptors in the proximal urethra of male and female mice.

Materials and Methods:
Urinary bladder and proximal urethral smooth muscle (USM) samples from male and female C57BL/6 mice were isolated and mounted in an organ bath.

Results:
Acetylcholine-induced contraction of the urinary bladder was compared in male and female mice. Phenylephrine and norepinephrine (NE) induced little contraction at a lower concentration, but a relaxing phase of female proximal USM was observed at a higher concentration. This contraction profile was inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine, lidocaine, and capsaicin. In addition, the NE-induced contraction was greater in the incubation of propranolol than that of L-NNA or lidocaine. These results suggested that the β-adrenoceptor may be the dominant receptor of female proximal USM, and the activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide sensory nerves and nitrergic nerves may pose an anti-contraction effect on the proximal urethra in female mice.

Conclusion:
β-adrenoceptor may be the dominant receptor of female proximal USM. The use of β-adrenergic receptor blocker agents might have the potential for the treatment of female voiding dysfunction.
Least squares decoding in binomial frequency division multiplexing
Authors: Kim Myungsup , Jung Jiwon , Kim Ki‐Man 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a method that can reduce the complexity of a system matrix by analyzing the characteristics of a pseudoinverse matrix to receive a binomial frequency division multiplexing (BFDM) signal and decode it using the least squares (LS) method. The system matrix of BFDM can be expressed as a band matrix, and as this matrix contains many zeros, its amount of calculation when generating a transmission signal is quite small. The LS solution can be obtained by multiplying the received signal by the pseudoinverse matrix of the system matrix. The singular value decomposition of the system matrix indicates that the pseudoinverse matrix is a band matrix. The signal‐to‐interference ratio is obtained from their eigenvalues. Meanwhile, entries that do not contribute to signal generation are erased to enhance calculation efficiency. We decode the received signal using the pseudoinverse matrix and the removed pseudoinverse matrix to obtain the bit error rate performance and to analyze the difference.
Black God, White Devil (1964)
Authors: Barrenechea Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Black God, White Devil is a 1964 film directed by Brazilian auteur Glauber Rocha. Shot on location in the Brazilian sertão, it launched the cinema novo movement and embodied the aspirations of a new political cinema, as outlined in Rocha’s 1965 essay ‘An Esthetic of Hunger.’ Black God, White Devil forms a trilogy with Terra em Transe (1967) and Antonio das Mortes (1969). It revolutionized the national film industry by merging the European avant-garde cinema (Soviet montage, Italian Neorealism, French New Wave) and Brazilian folk traditions.
In the film, a couple fleeing from poverty and law enforcement explore two ways of feeding their physical and spiritual hunger. Both of these prove unfulfilling. The first is by joining the messianic cult of a beato or saint (the black God). The second is by following a cangaceiro, an archetypal bandit from the sertão (the white Devil). Black God, White Devil shifted attention away from the dominant chanchada musical comedy in favour of an epic drama set on Brazil’s northeastern backlands. The highly symbolic plot fuses poetically with a soundtrack punctuated by Heitor Villa-Lobos’s Bachianas Brasileiras. Stylized performances, handheld camera shots, elliptical editing, and nonsynchronous sound disrupt traditional viewing habits, while also culminating in the dialectical fulfilment of a filmic refrain: ‘The sertão will become sea, and the sea sertão.’
DYNAMIC GOVERNANCE DALAM UPAYA DESA TOAPAYA SELATAN MEWUJUDKAN DESA MANDIRI DI TAHUN 2023.
Authors: Ompusunggu Christina , Edison Edison , Setiawan Ramadhani Setiawan 
Published: February 2023

Desa mandiri menunjukkan bahwa desa mempunyai kekuatan secara sosial, ekonomi dan budaya melalui pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat secara berkelanjutan. Salah satu desa unggul dan memiliki target untuk menjadi desa mandiri adalah desa Toapaya Selatan, dengan berbagai upaya yang dinamis dilakukan untuk mewujudkannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dinamika/praktik dynamic governance dalam upaya Desa Toapaya Selatan mewujudkan desa mandiri, serta hambatan-hambatan yang dialami dalam mewujudkannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa Desa Toapaya Selatan memiliki potensi dan melakukan kemampuan yang dinamis. Masih ada hambatan di beberapa indikator seperti kesehatan, pendidikan dan ekonomi. Kini berupaya mengoptimalkannya melalui penyediaan fasilitas, menjalankan desa wisata yang tertunda, pengembangan pasar desa dan PADes. Able people, adanya berbagai prestasi hingga dikancah nasional dibawah kepemimpinan Kepala Desa, bersama unsur-unsur desa lainnya, agile process, adanya proses kerja yang baik untuk desa wisata maupun di Bumdes sehingga sudah dapat berkontribusi terhadap PAD, thinking ahead, Desa Toapaya Selatan melakukan hal-hal yang dianalisis dan direncanakan kedepan memberi dampak terhadap kemandirian desa. Thinking again, untuk mencapai keberhasilan suatu kegiatan, dilakukannya pemetaan terhadap produk dan sumberdaya serta modal yang tersedia. Thinking across, dengan belajar dari desa mandiri lainnya seperti Bali dan Jogja, Ponggok, desa aktif berinovasi, melirik hal-hal baru yang dapat dikembangkan dan memaksimalkan potensi desa untuk menjadi mandiri.
MENGKONSTRUKSI AKSES, PENDAMPINGAN, DAN INOVASI SEBAGAI FORMULA KEBIJAKAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PROGRAM PERHUTANAN SOSIAL
Authors: Lawasi Moh. Andika 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan mendasar kebijakan Perhutanan Sosial (PS) adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat petani hutan melalui pengelolaan kawasan hutan secara partisipatif. Dengan target alokasi lahan seluas 12.7 Ha, program ini pun diharapkan dapat lebih berkontribusi meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat petani hutan yang umumnya hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan. Namun dalam perjalanannya, program ini dilaporkan belum banyak memberi arti yang signifikan bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat petani hutan, kecuali hanya sedikit saja kasus yang terbukti berhasil mencapai target tersebut. Untuk memahami bagaimana beberapa kasus perhutanan sosial tersebut mampu berhasil sehingga dapat dijadikan teladan untuk perbaikan pelaksanaannya di masa depan, peneliti telah mengkaji secara mendalam terhadap berbagai artikel dan laporan ilmiah yang memuat sejarah perjalanan program tersebut dengan menggunakan metode penelitian desk study. Hasil pengkajian ini mengungkap bahwa sedikitnya ada 3 pola yang diduga merupakan kunci utama keberhasilannya, yaitu akses yang komprehensif, pendampingan kelembagaan yang memadai, dan prakarsa inovasi usaha. Akses, pendampingan, dan inovasi dengan demikian perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai formula kebijakan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam konteks perhutanan sosial sehingga pelaksanaan program tersebut benar-benar mampu berkontribusi nyata bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat petani hutan.
Evaluation Of Random Forest Model on Influenza Like Illness ILI Surveillance Based on Patients Attending Fever OPD During COVID 19 Pandemic at Tertiary Care Hospital In Raigad District Maharashtra India
Authors: Mr Raut K N, Dr Tayade A Y  
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The machine learning and artificial intelligence tools, party and random forest can be used to evaluate surveillance data for better outcomes. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the utility and reliability of machine learning and artificial intelligence model primary data for the Influenzas Like illness (ILI) Surveillance of patients attending fever OPD in a tertiary care hospital during covid 19 pandemic. The secondary objective was to estimate model statistics to measure the effect of parameters.
Methodology: This is a secondary data analysis study based on surveillance data in the tertiary care hospital attached to medical college. The data of 3723 cases was collected by Surveillance team for Influenzas Like Illness (ILI) under Department of Community Medicine in Fever OPD during covid pandemic from 23 March 2020 to 30 June 2020. Data consisted (11) variables. Data was analysed using R Software (4.2.2). Machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence tool party and random forest were applied.
Results: The random forest model performed better than Party model with model accuracy of 0.9557, AUC of random forest model were 87.4% (sensitivity 0.9533, specificity 0.9685), 89.7% (sensitivity 0.9059, specificity 0.9957) and 88.3% (Sensitivity 0.965, Specificity 0.9527) for confirmed, probable and suspected with different cut-offs. The model found Severity of Patient (Mild, Moderate, Severe), the day of Fever OPD Visit, nature of illness (is asymptomatic?) and age of patient as the most significant factors in decreasing order by mean decrease in Accuracy while the Severity of Patient (Mild, Moderate, Severe), the day of Fever OPD Visit, age of patient and number of symptomatic Complaint (NOC) were found the most significant factors in decreasing order by mean decrease in Gini to predict Covid-19 Test Results.
Conclusions: The party algorithm was consistent for train and test dataset while for the random forest results were good on train dataset while same model had seen difficulty in prediction class for the test dataset.
Diaphragmatic excursion and pulmonary function in children with cerebral palsy – comparative study
Authors: Thomas Tintu , Narayan Amitesh , Alaparthi Gopala Krishna , Karnad Shreekanth D. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionCerebral palsy (CP) is a common paediatric disorder occurring in about 2 to 2.5 per1000 live births. Studies have reported that children with cerebral palsy have a high incidence of respiratory problems, with limited evidence regarding diaphragmatic impairment. Thus, the study aims to analyse and compare the diaphragmatic excursion and pulmonary function in children with CP compared to the typically developing children.MethodsThe sample size was calculated as 38, divided into groups of typically developed children (19) and spastic CP children (16). An experienced radiologist assessed the diaphragmatic excursion. The respiratory parameters were assessed using a portable Pulmonary Function Test machine.ResultsA positive significance was seen in the pulmonary function test values (<i>p</i> = 0.00) and diaphragmatic excursion (<i>p</i> = 0.00), showing better values among the typically developed children than the CP group.ConclusionsThe study concludes that children with CP have a reduction in diaphragm excursion and poorer pulmonary values than typically developing children, making them prone to respiratory diseases, thus requiring early intervention.
Non-spherical microparticle shape in Antarctica during the last glacial period affects dust volume-related metrics
Authors: Chesler Aaron , Winski Dominic , Kreutz Karl , Koffman Bess , Osterberg Erich , Ferris David , Thundercloud Zayta , Mohan Joseph , Cole-Dai Jihong , Wells Mark , Handley Michael , Putnam Aaron , Anderson Katherine , Harmon Natalie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Knowledge of microparticle geometry is essential for accurate calculation of ice core volume-related dust metrics (mass, flux, and particle size distributions) and subsequent paleoclimate interpretations, yet particle shape data remain sparse in Antarctica. Here we present 41 discrete particle shape measurements, volume calculations, and calibrated continuous particle time series spanning 50–16 ka from the South Pole Ice
Core (SPC14) to assess particle shape characteristics and variability. We used FlowCAM, a dynamic particle imaging instrument, to measure aspect
ratios (width divided by length) of microparticles. We then compared those results to Coulter counter measurements on the same set of samples as well as high-resolution laser-based (Abakus) data collected from SPC14 during continuous flow analysis. The 41 discrete samples were collected during three periods of millennial-scale climate variability: Heinrich Stadial 1 (18–16 ka, n=6; ∼250 years per sample), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (27–18 ka, n=19; ∼460 years per sample),
and during both Heinrich Stadial 4 (42–36 ka, n=8; ∼620 years per sample) and Heinrich Stadial 5 (50–46 ka,
n=8; ∼440 years per sample). Using FlowCAM measurements, we calculated different particle size distributions (PSDs) for spherical and ellipsoidal volume estimates. Our calculated volumes were then compared to published Abakus calibration techniques. We found that Abakus-derived PSDs calculated assuming ellipsoidal, rather than spherical, particle shapes provide a more accurate representation of PSDs measured by Coulter counter, reducing Abakus to Coulter counter flux and mass ratios from 1.82 (spherical assumption) to 0.79 and 1.20 (ellipsoidal assumptions; 1 being a perfect match). Coarser particles (>5.0 µm diameter) show greater variation in measured aspect ratios than finer particles (<5.0 µm). While fine particle volumes can be accurately estimated using the spherical assumption, applying the same assumption to coarse particles has a large effect on inferred particle volumes. Temporally, coarse and fine particle aspect ratios do not significantly change within or among the three time periods (p value >0.05), suggesting that long-range transport of dust is likely dominated by clay minerals and other elongated minerals.