bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel workflow for multi‐modal imaging of musculoskeletal tissues
Authors: König Anya , Cavanagh Brenton L. , Amado Isabel , Kalra Amit , Ogon Bohnejie A. , Hinton Paige V. , Kennedy Oran D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) musculoskeletal conditions are a leading contributor to disability worldwide. This fact is often somewhat overlooked, since musculoskeletal conditions are less likely to be associated with mortality. Nonetheless, treatments, therapies and management of these conditions are extremely costly to national healthcare systems. As with all systemic conditions, biomedical imaging of relevant tissues plays a major role in understanding the fundamental biological processes involved in musculoskeletal health. However, the skeletal system with its relatively large proportion of dense, opaque (often mineralised) tissues can often be more challenging to image, and recently important advances have been made in imaging these complex musculoskeletal tissues. Thus, we here describe a novel workflow in which recent advanced imaging techniques have been modified and optimised for use in musculoskeletal tissues (specifically bone and cartilage). This will allow for investigations, of different phases of these tissues, at new and higher resolutions. Furthermore, the process has been designed to fit with the existing and standard processes which are typically used with these samples (i.e. μCT imaging and standard histology). The additional modalities which have been included here are second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, tissue clearing, specifically the Passive Clear Lipid‐exchanged Acrylamide‐hybridised Rigid Imaging Tissue hYdrogel (CLARITY) method known as PACT, and then imaging of these tissues with confocal, multiphoton and light‐sheet microscopy. This paper serves to introduce a combination of existing new methods and improvements in imaging of musculoskeletal tissues.
The Effect of Swing on Stress and Comfort in Premature Newborns: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Karakoç Hediye , Çiftçi Arzu , Ayhan Büşra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe study was conducted to investigate the effect of swing on stress and comfort in premature newborns who could not be reunited with their mothers.MethodsThe study was conducted in a randomised controlled experimental design. The intervention group included newborns who received swing intervention (n = 64) and the control group included newborns who did not receive swing intervention (n = 64). Research data were collected using Newborn Information Form, Premature Infant Comfort Scale and ALPS neo newborn pain and stress assessment scale. The research data were collected two times, before and after the intervention was completed.ResultExperimental and control groups were similar regarding descriptive characteristics. There was no difference between the groups after the swing intervention (p > 0.05). It was determined that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of comfort levels before and after the swing intervention (p > 0.05). When the intra‐group mean scores were compared, it was determined that the comfort level increased in the intervention group before and after the swing intervention, and there was a significant difference between the mean scores (p = 0.028).ConclusionIt was determined that swing intervention did not affect the stress and comfort level of the newborn.
Intraspecific Morphological Discrimination Between the Stocks of Schizothorax curvifrons (Sattar Gad), Inhabiting the Water Bodies of Cold Indian Himalayan Region, Using Truss Network System
Authors: Akhter Gulshan , Ahmed Imtiaz , Ahmad Syed Mudasir 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIdentification of Schizothorax curvifrons (Sattar gad) stocks in Kashmir water bodies is crucial for the conservation of species that are losing ground daily. Because of substantial overfishing and pollution in the fish's natural environment, the wild population of these fishes is drastically dropping, which is a troubling situation that justifies a high priority for conservation. Fish populations can acquire morphometric variations as a result of prolonged isolation and interbreeding. The goal of this study was to use the truss network approach to delineate the stock structure of S. curvifrons based on morphological attributes. A total of 167 fish specimens were gathered from the three sampling stations of Kashmir waters, viz. Telbal Nallah, Dal Lake and Anchar Lake. A total of 37 truss distance measurements were established by joining 15 morphometric landmark points on the fish body. For the fish species currently targeted, MANCOVA demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) morphological heterogeneity among sampling locations. Univariate ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences in 21 out of the total 37 studied morphometric variables among the three sampling sites for S. curvifrons. Based on principal component analysis, the first component (PC1) explained the maximum amount of variation in samples, which is 26.9%. The second component (PC2) contributes 16.5%, and the third (PC3) 10.3% of the total variance. Wilk's lambda test found substantial (p < 0.001) differences in the morphometric measures of the fish across all sampling sites. The discriminant function analysis identified two morphological indices that explained 58.8% and 42.2% of the differences between the groups. Discriminant function analysis further revealed 84.6% correctly classified individuals into their respective populations. The findings from this investigation can be used to develop stock‐specific management and conservation strategies for the long‐term protection of S. curvifrons in Kashmir water bodies.
From preschool to policy: A scoping review of recommended interventions for a systems approach to improve dietary intake in early childhood
Authors: Chan Jacqueline , Conroy Patrick , Phongsavan Philayrath , Raubenheimer David , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret 
Published: January 2025

SummaryEarly childhood is a key opportunity to establish healthy eating behaviors and prevent future non‐communicable diseases associated with poor diets. How to effectively intervene in the system of the many determinants influencing children's dietary intake remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to map the determinants of nutrition and eating that have been addressed in early childhood nutrition interventions and identify which of these improve dietary intake. We searched six electronic databases to identify eligible studies published from January 2000 to January 2024. We included studies of any interventions reporting dietary intake among children aged between two and five years. A total of 193 eligible studies were identified and mapped to the Determinants of Nutrition and Eating (DONE) Framework. Parent (n = 97) and child (n = 76) food knowledge and skills were most frequently addressed. Most studies addressing parent (67%) and child (66%) food knowledge and skills reported improvements in dietary intake. Government regulations such as healthy food subsidies, and food advertising and labeling interventions showed promised, with 82% of studies reporting improvements in dietary intake. However, these interventions were predominantly implemented in the United States and Chile. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic map of a range of interventions that positively influence nutritional outcomes in preschool‐aged children but recommends further policy‐level action globally.
Developing an Open Data Intermediation Business Model: Insights From the Case of Esri
Authors: Shaharudin Ashraf , van Loenen Bastiaan , Janssen Marijn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDespite the many promises of open data, numerous challenges inhibit its full potential, such as its poor or inconsistent quality, a lack of complementary assets, and the limited skills of data providers and end‐users. Open data intermediaries are instrumental in addressing some of these challenges. They provide specialized resources and capabilities to enhance the supply, flow, or use of open data, or strengthen the relationships among various open data ecosystem (ODE) actors. However, in‐depth studies on open data intermediation business models are limited, with most having only offered birds‐eye views of those business models. This deficiency has limited our knowledge to develop open data intermediation business models that contribute positively to the ODE. In the geospatial domain, Esri is an important open data intermediary, having been involved in such a role since the 1990s. This article unpacks Esri's open data intermediation business model and analyses its current strengths and weaknesses as well as its potential opportunities and threats to the ODE. Finally, this article recommends factors to consider in developing an open data intermediation business model that supports the sustainability of the ODE.
Transfusion efficacy of leucoreduced packed red blood cells prepared by two different methods: A randomized controlled trial in transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia patients (FUEL trial)
Authors: Arunkumari Adhikarimayum , Jain Ashish , Malhotra Sheetal , Dhawan Hari Krishan , Peyam Srinivasan , Kumari Sangeeta , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGreat variations may be observed in the haemoglobin (Hb) content of packed red blood cell (PRBC) units prepared by different methods. This study aimed to assess the Hb increment in thalassaemia major patients transfused with leucoreduced PRBCs (LPRBCs) prepared by two different methods: (i) standard leucoreduced PRBCs (SLPRBCs) and (ii) leucoreduced PRBCs prepared by a new method where leucoreduction of whole blood is done first (NLPRBCs).Materials and MethodsThis prospective, randomized, controlled trial included 80 adult thalassaemia major patients who were randomized into two groups of 40 each. Group I patients received SLPRBC and those of Group II received NLPRBC transfusions for 3 months.ResultsSLPRBCs had a mean (±SD) volume of 275.50 ± 17.07 mL, while it was 316.46 ± 1.42 mL for NLPRBCs (p < 0.001). The mean Hb content of SLPRBCs was 50.60 ± 5.12 g, while that of NLPRBCs was 56.98 ± 5.92 g (p < 0.001). The mean Hb increment in Group I patients was 2.11 ± 0.89 g/dL, while that of Group II patients was 2.48 ± 0.88 g/dL (p < 0.001). The mean transfusion interval for Group I patients was 20.30 ± 3.75 days, while it was 21.34 ± 5.13 days for Group II patients (p < 0.045). A significant positive correlation was observed between the Hb dose transfused and the Hb increment with both SLPRBC (ρ = 0.4, p < 0.001) and NLPRBC (ρ = 0.19, p = 0.011) transfusions.ConclusionNLPRBCs had significantly higher Hb content than the SLPRBCs, leading to a better Hb increment post transfusion, which may potentially prolong the transfusion interval in thalassaemia major patients.
Gradient-Free Aerodynamic Optimization With Structural Constraints and Surge Line Control for Radial Compressor Stage
Authors: Schaffrath Robert , Nicke Eberhard , Forsthofer Nicolai , Kunc Oliver , Voß Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concept and design of high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) including their components for specific temperature needs is a time-consuming and interdisciplinary task. Especially, the design of compressor geometries have a big impact on the overall performance and the initial costs of the system. For this reason, in this work, an automated aerodynamic gradient-free optimization including structural constraints for the geometry of a radial compressor impeller blade as well as diffusor vane geometry for water steam, that is applied in a reverse Rankine cycle-based HTHP, is presented. The objective of the optimization is the isentropic efficiency in the aerodynamic design point (ADP) of the compressor. The requirements for the cycle simulation of the whole HTHP system and structural needs are satisfied by constraints for pressure ratio, mass flowrate, and limits for stresses in the blade and disk geometry. The optimization method is based on evolutionary algorithms and stochastical surrogate models. Additionally, a highly throttled operating point is regarded to achieve an acceptable distance to the surge line. These types of optimization problems are often characterized by many unconverged iterations due to unstable computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. To encounter this, a study of the optimization process with different surrogate models is presented. The results are discussed with respect to convergence history as well as objective and constraint improvement.
Associations between local COVID-19 policies and anxiety in the USA: a longitudinal digital cohort study
Authors: Cozen Aaron E , Hamad Rita , Park Soo , Marcus Gregory M , Olgin Jeffrey E , Faulkner Modrow Madelaine , Chiang Amy , Brandner Matthew , Orozco Jaime H , Azar Kristen , Sudat Sylvia E K , Isasi Carmen R , Williams Natasha , Ozluk Pelin , Kitzman Heather , Knight Sara J , Sanchez-Birkhead Ana , Kornak John , Carton Thomas , Pletcher Mark 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionA lack of coordinated federal guidance led to substantial heterogeneity in local COVID-19 policies across US states and counties. Local government policies may have contributed to increases in anxiety and mental health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe analysed associations between composite policy scores for containment and closure, public health or economic support from the US COVID-19 County Policy Database and self-reported anxiety scores (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7) from COVID-19 Citizen Science participants between 22 April 2020 and 31 December 2021.ResultsIn 188 976 surveys from 36 711 participants in 100 counties across 28 states, associations between anxiety and containment and closure policy differed by employment (p<0.0001), with elevated anxiety under maximal policy for people working in hospitality and food services (+1.05 vs no policy; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.64) or arts and entertainment (+0.56; 95% CI 0.15, 0.97) and lower anxiety for people working in healthcare (−0.43; 95% CI −0.66 to –0.20) after adjusting for calendar time, county-specific effects and COVID-19 case rates and death rates. For public health policy, associations differed by race and ethnicity (p=0.0016), with elevated anxiety under maximal policy among participants identifying as non-Hispanic Black (+1.71; 95% CI 0.26, 3.16) or non-Hispanic Asian (+0.74; 95% CI 0.05, 1.43) and lower anxiety among Hispanic participants (−0.63, 95% CI −1.26 to –0.006). Associations with public health policy also differed by gender (p<0.0001), with higher anxiety scores under maximal policy for male participants (+0.42, 95% CI 0.09, 0.75) and lower anxiety for female participants (−0.40, 95% CI −0.67 to –0.13). There were no significant differential associations between economic support policy and sociodemographic subgroups.ConclusionsAssociations between local COVID-19 policies and anxiety varied substantially by sociodemographic characteristics. More comprehensive containment policies were associated with elevated anxiety among people working in strongly affected sectors, and more comprehensive public health policies were associated with elevated anxiety among people vulnerable to racial discrimination.
Association of digital screen use during recess with physical activity behaviours in 10-year-old to 17-year-old Danish adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Grøntved Anders , Kristensen Peter Lund , Brønd Jan C , Gejl Anne Kær , Møller Niels C , Larsen Kristian T , Koch Sofie , Troelsen Jens , Brage Soren , Pedersen Natascha H 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe widespread ownership of digital devices among adolescents presents challenges and opportunities in schools, particularly during recess. This study aimed to examine the association of screen use during recess with physical activity behaviours.MethodsThe study was based on a population-based cross-sectional study including 1347 adolescents from 28 schools (2017–2018). Physical activity behaviours were assessed using thigh-attached accelerometers, worn 24/7 for up to 6 weekdays and 2 weekend days. We examined accelerometer data for all recess periods, aligned with each adolescent’s school schedule, along with leisure-time activity from the same days. Physical behaviours were classified during recess and leisure-time behaviour (negative control). Frequency of screen use during recess was based on self-report using a 5-point ordinal scale.ResultsGreater frequency of screen use during recess was associated with less time engaged in physically active behaviours and more time spent sitting, consistent with dose-dependent associations. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, adolescents with no screen use during recess spent an absolute 11.1% (95% CI 5.4 to 6.8) more of their recess time being physically active compared to those with frequent use. Based on the mean recess duration observed in the sample, adolescents not using screens during recess engaged in physical activities for an average of 44.9 min per day (95% CI 42.3 to 47.6), compared with 35.1 min (95% CI 26.0 to 44.3) for frequent screen users. Leisure time activities, used as a negative control, showed no link to screen use during recess.ConclusionIncreased screen use during recess was associated with lower physical activity levels. These findings suggest that regulating digital device use during recess could enhance physical activity among adolescents.
Rethinking alcoholic foamy degeneration of the liver: a study of nine cases highlighting complex pathological findings
Authors: Jeyanesan Dhaarica , Antonello Alessandro , Cannon Mary , Zen Yoh 
Published: January 2025

AimsTo reveal clinicopathological characteristics of alcoholic foamy degeneration (AFD)―an uncommon form of alcoholic liver injury.MethodsClinicopathological features of AFD (n=9) were examined in comparison to those of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH; n=12).ResultsPatients with AFD presented with either biochemical liver dysfunction (n=1) or clinical jaundice (n=8). One case had undergone liver transplantation for alcohol-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma 2 years and 3 months before presentation. AFD cases were histologically classified into three groups. The non-jaundiced case had mixed macro- and microvesicular bland steatosis. Seven jaundiced cases showed more complex microscopic features with lobular inflammation, acidophilic bodies, cholestasis and lobular distortion. Hepatocytes were pleomorphic, some extensively enlarged with clear cytoplasm, somewhat resembling ballooning degeneration; however, it was mainly due to accumulated lipid droplets (‘pseudoballooning’). The remaining case also had predominant changes of AFD, but a few foci showed classical ballooning hepatocytes and Mallory–Denk bodies, in keeping with mixed AFD and steatohepatitis. When compared with patients with SAH, those with AFD had lower white blood cell and neutrophil counts and higher cholesterol levels (all p<0.001). On imaging, ascites and varices were less common in AFD than in SAH (11% vs 75%, p=0.014; 0% vs 67%, p=0.008, respectively). All seven patients with AFD who successfully abstained from alcohol experienced rapid improvement in liver function.ConclusionsMicroscopic findings of AFD are more complex than currently thought, and some cases may be mistaken for steatohepatitis. AFD may also develop in conjunction with steatohepatitis or following liver transplantation.
Genomic Profiling of Cardiac Angiosarcoma Reveals Novel Targetable KDR Variants, Recurrent MED12 Mutations, and a High Burden of Germline POT1 Alterations
Authors: Odintsov Igor , Papke David J. , George Suzanne , Padera Robert F. , Hornick Jason L. , Siegmund Stephanie E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Both sporadic and familial cases occur, with recent links to germline POT1 mutations. The genomic landscape of this disease is poorly understood.

Experimental Design:
We conducted comprehensive genomic profiling of cardiac angiosarcoma to assess the burden of germline predisposition and identify other recurrent genomic alterations of clinical significance.

Results:
Six patients were female, and four were male. The median age at presentation was 40 years (range, 21–69 years). All cases with available follow-up exhibited an aggressive clinical course (6/8 patients died of disease). KDR alterations, including novel structural variants, were found in 9/11 cases at a rate significantly higher than that in noncardiac angiosarcomas. POT1 mutations were present in 45.5% of cardiac angiosarcoma cases. In three of five POT1-mutant cases, the germline status was confirmed through testing of normal tissue, and in one additional case, the germline status was inferred with high probability through allele frequency analysis. Additionally, we identified novel recurrent MED12 exon 2 mutations in POT1 wild-type cardiac angiosarcoma, suggesting an alternative path to cardiac angiosarcoma oncogenesis.

Conclusions:
Cardiac angiosarcoma demonstrates a unique genetic profile, distinct from noncardiac angiosarcoma. This study highlights the role of germline POT1 burden on cardiac angiosarcoma development and demonstrates recurrent MED12 alterations for the first time. The reported KDR variants provide a potential avenue for the treatment of this aggressive disease. Given the prevalence of germline POT1 mutations reported in this study, germline genetic testing should be considered in patients diagnosed with cardiac angiosarcoma.
Development, Review, and Activation of Thoracic Oncology Investigator-Initiated Trials
Authors: Gerber David E. , Wynters Claire R. , Prasad Tanushree , Schnel Ronny K. , Zhang Song , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Villaruz Liza C. , Bauml Joshua M. , Iams Wade T. , Patil Tejas , Liu Stephen V. , Horn Leora , Hudak John M. , Camidge D. Ross 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
Investigator-initiated trials (IIT) may address important biological and clinical questions that may not be prioritized by pharmaceutical sponsors. However, little is known about the process by which IIT proposals are evaluated and activated.

Experimental Design:
We performed a retrospective study of IIT concepts submitted through the Academic Thoracic Oncology Medical Investigators Consortium, which comprises 13 institutions in the United States and Canada, from consortium inception in 2014 to 2024. We compared approved and disapproved concepts using χ2 tests, Fisher exact tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Results:
Among 68 presented IIT concepts, 60 (88%) received consortium approval a median of 30 days (IQR, 31–59 days) after submission. Concepts submitted by junior faculty were more likely to be approved than those from full professors (P = 0.003). Of the 60 concepts subsequently submitted to pharmaceutical sponsors, 15 (25%) were approved, 43 (72%) were disapproved, and 2 (3%) remain under review. The median time between concept submission to a sponsor and the sponsor’s decision was 61 days (IQR, 31–183 days). Concepts with shorter projected durations were more likely to be approved by the pharmaceutical sponsor (P = 0.05). For sponsor-approved IIT concepts, the median overall time from initial submission to trial activation was 18 months.

Conclusions:
Only a small proportion of proposed investigator-initiated cancer clinical trials are successfully activated following a prolonged development process. Given the importance of IITs in addressing real-world, practical questions and the growing professional challenges facing clinical research physician faculty, further attention to IIT development facilitators and barriers is warranted.