bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting riverine fish production using empirical models and the metabolic theory of ecology
Authors: Richter Ian A. , Jones Nicholas E. , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFish production integrates many different measures of community performance, such as abundance, biomass, growth, and reproduction, into one valuable quantitative metric but requires resource intensive data for empirical estimation. While published empirical models and the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) represent alternative methods to estimate fish production, few studies have focused on productivity models for stream fish assemblages. The goal of our study was to determine whether existing empirical models and elements of the metabolic theory of ecology can reliably estimate stream fish productivity. We used production estimates from the literature (n = 107) to parameterize models based on the metabolic theory of ecology and new estimates of stream fish production from North America (n = 78) to compare and validate all models. Using major axis regression, we determined that while all models had strongly correlated production estimates relative to the observed values (r2 range: [0.496, 0.815]), not all the models produced accurate estimates. The MTE model with the temperature component had a poorer predictive performance (RMSE = 0.502) relative to models based solely on allometric scaling (RMSE range: [0.299, 0.380]). We conclude that standard production models can generate relative estimates of production using general fish sample data, however, the accuracy and precision of the estimates can vary among the models. Our study highlights the need for productivity estimates for stream fish assemblages from different geographic regions, to test empirical models with novel datasets, and for further investigation of temperature effects on fish productivity.
Associations of Life's Simple 7 with cerebral white matter hyperintensities and microstructural integrity: UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Fu Yan , Sun Yan , Wang Zhi‐Bo , Zhang Dan‐Dan , Tan Lan , Feng Jian‐Feng , Cheng Wei , Yu Jin‐Tai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metric was used to define optimal cardiovascular and brain health, but the associations with macrostructural hyperintensities and microstructural white matter damage are unclear. The objective was to determine the association of LS7 ideal cardiovascular health factors with macrostructural and microstructural integrity.MethodA total of 37,140 participants with available LS7 and imaging data from UK Biobank were included in this study. Linear associations were implemented to examine the associations of LS7 score and subscores with white matter hyperintensity load (WMH) (WMH volume normalized by total white matter volume and logit‐transformed) and diffusion imaging indices (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity, orientation dispersion index [OD], intracellular volume fraction, isotropic volume fraction [ISOVF]).ResultsIn individuals (mean age 54.76 years; 19,697 females, 52.4%), higher LS7 score and subscores were strongly associated with lower WMH and microstructural white matter injury, including OD, ISOVF, FA. Both interaction analyses and stratified analyses of LS7 score and subscores with age and sex showed a strong association with microstructural damage markers, with remarkable age and sex differences. The association of OD was pronounced in females and populations younger than 50 years and FA, mean diffusivity and ISOVF were pronounced in males and populations older than 50 years.ConclusionThese findings suggest that healthier LS7 profiles are associated with better profiles of both macrostructural and microstructural markers of brain health, and indicate that ideal cardiovascular health is associated with improved brain health.
The emerging role of the EU as a primary normative actor in the EU Area of Criminal Justice
Authors: Wieczorek Irene 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the role and justifications for EU action in the EU Area of Criminal Justice, also relying on a comparison with the justifications for EU action in the internal market. It distinguishes between a role for the EU as a subsidiary policy actor and as a primary policy actor. By substantiating both models, the article illustrates how the model of the EU as a subsidiary policy actor has been challenged by legislative and judicial developments in the internal market and how these trends were particularly accentuated in the EU Area of Criminal Justice. The EU increasingly regulates areas of non‐cross‐border crime, as can be appreciated by the shape and the implementation of the competence to harmonise definitions of crimes. And the Court of Justice has unequivocally extended the application of EU criminal law, both substantive and procedural, to internal cases. The article argues that such developments, which build on pre‐existing trends in the internal market field, are inevitable in the EU Area of Criminal Justice due to the inherent fundamental rights' sensitive nature of criminal law. A subsidiary, piecemeal approach in criminal justice might safeguard national regulatory autonomy but is hardly affordable as it would challenge general principles of criminal law. Relying only on “legal cross‐borderness” as a criterion to justify EU definition of crimes would neglect the harm principle and the legal interest principle. Legal creativity that would stem from limiting EU intervention and safeguarding regulatory competition can be fostered by enlarging EU regulatory tools in this area codifying also decriminalisation competences. Moreover, limiting the application of EU criminal law to only cross‐border cases is at odds with the principle of legality in criminal matters and of equal treatment.
Tax Austerity: Does It Avert Solvency Crises?
Authors: SHIAMPTANIS CHRISTOS 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany high‐debt countries are adopting tax austerity, whereby governments raise the tax rate as their debt levels rise with the hope to dispel future solvency crises. This paper investigates the impact of tax austerity on government debt solvency. A solvency crisis occurs once adverse shocks push the debt above its effective debt limit, the maximum level of debt that the government can repay. I show that the position of the effective debt limit depends on tax austerity. I find that high‐debt countries like Italy that undergo tax austerity could lower their effective debt limit and induce a solvency crisis.
The prevalence and influencing factors of gag reflex in children aged 7–14 years in the dental setting
Authors: Gucyetmez Topal Burcu , Falay Civelek Sıdıka Beril , Tiras Melike , Yigit Tugba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGag reflex may occur in patients of all ages and often considered having a multifactorial aetiology.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and influencing factors of gag reflex in Turkish children aged 7–14 years in the dental setting.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out among 320 children aged between 7 and 14 years. First, an anamnesis form which include sosyodemographic status, monthly level of income, children past medical and dental experiences was filled by mothers. Children's fear levels were evaluated using the Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule(CFSS‐DS) while mother's anxiety levels using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS). The revised dentist section of gagging problem assessment questionnaire (GPA‐R‐de) was used for both children and mothers. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS program.ResultsThe prevalence of gag reflex among children was 34.1%, among mothers was 20.3%. The association between child and mother gagging was found statistically significant (χ2 = 53.121, p < 0.001). When the mother of the child gagged, the risk of child gagging increases 6.83 times (p < 0.001). Higher CFSS‐DS scores of children increase risk of gagging (OR = 1.052, p = 0.023). Children who were previously treated mostly in public hospitals significantly more likely to gag compared with private dental clinics (OR = 10.990, p < 0.001).ConclusionIt was concluded that negative past dental experiences, previous dental treatments with local anaesthesia, history of hospital admission, number and place of previous dental visits, dental fear level of children, and low education level and gagging of mother have an influence on the gagging of children.
Bargain and Barter: China's Oil Trade with Iran
Authors: Azad Shirzad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe US withdrawal from the nuclear deal and its ratcheting up of sanctions aimed to cut Iran's oil revenues virtually to zero by reducing trade between Tehran and its top foreign customers, especially China. This article examines the dynamics of the Sino‐Iranian oil business and finds that the Chinese have never terminated their imports; instead, when Beijing cannot deal with Tehran directly, it continues the flow through subterranean methods. This practice holds some benefits for both sides, but the Iranian economy has become highly dependent on bartering with the East Asian power: exporting crude and receiving part of the revenues in Chinese goods and services. The two countries have vowed to keep up the oil trade, as sanctions have led Iran toward a growing economic and technological orientation toward the East.
What is “determinant” in the social determinants of health? A case seen through multiple lenses
Authors: Birnbaum Shira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial determinants of health are a subject of growing interest, yet criticisms have emerged about the way determinants are conceptualized in nursing. A tendency to focus on readily observable living conditions and measurable demographic characteristics can divert attention, it has been said, from the less visible underlying processes which shape social life and health. To illustrate how the analytic perspective determines what becomes visible or invisible as a “determinant” in health, this paper presents a case exemplar. Drawing from news reports and research in real estate economics and urban policy analysis, it explores a single local infectious illness outbreak through a series of progressively more abstract units of inquiry, considering mechanisms of lending and debt financing, housing supply, property valuation, tax policy, change in the structure of the financial industry, and international patterns of migration and capital flow, among other factors, which contributed in various ways to creating unsafe living conditions. An analytic exercise calling attention to dynamism and complexity in social processes, the paper offers a political‐economy‐based approach that serves as a cautionary note against oversimplification in discussions of health causality.
Defending Wittgenstein
Authors: Dehnel Piotr 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSamuel J. Wheeler defends Wittgenstein's criticism of Cantor's set theory against the objections raised by Hilary Putnam. Putnam claims that Wittgenstein's dismissal of the basic tenets of this set theory concerning the noncountability of the set of real numbers was unfounded and ill‐conceived. In Wheeler's view, Putnam's charges result from his failure to grasp Wittgenstein's intention and, in particular, to consider the difference between empirical and logical impossibility. In my paper, I argue that Wheeler's defence is unsuccessful and, at the same time, that Putnam's objections go too far.
Sun Light Responsive 2D Covalent‐Organic Frameworks Platform as a Catalysts Boost C–H Bond Arylation and Dopamine Regeneration
Authors: Singh Rajnish K. , Yadav Rajesh K. , Pande Poran P. , Singh Satyam , Singh Pooja , Gupta Sarvesh K. , Gupta Shivani , Khare Prateek , Tripathi Santosh K. , Tiwary Dhanesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotocatalysis is one of the most promising methods for producing organic compounds with a renewable source of energy. Two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are a type of polymer that has developed as a potential light‐harvesting catalyst for artificial photosynthesis with a design‐controllable platform that might be developed into a new type of cost‐effective and metal‐free photocatalyst. Here, we present a two‐dimensional covalent organic framework synthesis technique as a low‐cost and highly efficient visible light active flexible photocatalyst for C–H bond activation and dopamine regeneration. 2D COF were synthesized from tetramino‐benzoquinone (TABQ) and terapthaloyl chloride monomer through condensation polymerization reaction and the resultant photocatalyst have remarkable performance due to its visible light‐harvesting capacity, appropriate band gap, and highly organized π‐electron channels. The synthesized photocatalyst is capable to convert dopamine into leucodopaminechrome with a higher yield (77.08%) and also capable to activate the C–H bond between 4‐nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and pyrrole.
Phototropin phosphorylation of ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 and its role in mediating phototropism, leaf positioning, and chloroplast accumulation movement in Arabidopsis
Authors: Waksman Thomas , Suetsugu Noriyuki , Hermanowicz Pawel , Ronald James , Sullivan Stuart , Łabuz Justyna , Christie John M. 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYDirectional movements impact the ability of plants to respond and adjust their growth accordingly to the prevailing light environment. The plasma‐membrane associated protein, ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2) is a key signalling component involved in chloroplast accumulation movement, leaf positioning, and phototropism, all of which are regulated redundantly by the ultraviolet/blue light‐activated AGC kinases phototropin 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2). We recently demonstrated that members of the NON‐PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3)/RPT2‐like (NRL) family in Arabidopsis thaliana, including RPT2, are directly phosphorylated by phot1. However, whether RPT2 is a substrate for phot2, and the biological significance of phot phosphorylation of RPT2 remains to be determined. Here, we show that RPT2 is phosphorylated by both phot1 and phot2 at a conserved serine residue (S591) within the C‐terminal region of the protein. Blue light triggered the association of 14‐3‐3 proteins with RPT2 consistent with S591 acting as a 14‐3‐3 binding site. Mutation of S591 had no effect on the plasma membrane localization of RPT2 but reduced its functionality for leaf positioning and phototropism. Moreover, our findings indicate that S591 phosphorylation within the C‐terminus of RPT2 is required for chloroplast accumulation movement to low level blue light. Taken together, these findings further highlight the importance of the C‐terminal region of NRL proteins and how its phosphorylation contributes to phot receptor signalling in plants.
N6‐Methyladenosine modification of mRNA contributes to the transition from 2D to 3D growth in the moss Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Garcias‐Morales David , Palomar V. Miguel , Charlot Florence , Nogué Fabien , Covarrubias Alejandra A. , Reyes José L. 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYPlants colonized the land approximately 470 million years ago, coinciding with the development of apical cells that divide in three planes. The molecular mechanisms that underly the development of the 3D growth pattern are poorly understood, mainly because 3D growth in seed plants starts during embryo development. In contrast, the transition from 2D to 3D growth in the moss Physcomitrium patens has been widely studied, and it involves a large turnover of the transcriptome to allow the establishment of stage‐specific transcripts that facilitate this developmental transition. N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant, dynamic and conserved internal nucleotide modification present on eukaryotic mRNA and serves as a layer of post‐transcriptional regulation directly affecting several cellular processes and developmental pathways in many organisms. In Arabidopsis, m6A has been reported to be essential for organ growth and determination, embryo development and responses to environmental signals. In this study, we identified the main genes of the m6A methyltransferase complex (MTC), MTA, MTB and FIP37, in P. patens and demonstrate that their inactivation leads to the loss of m6A in mRNA, a delay in the formation of gametophore buds and defects in spore development. Genome‐wide analysis revealed several transcripts affected in the Ppmta background. We demonstrate that the PpAPB1–PpAPB4 transcripts, encoding central factors orchestrating the transition from 2D to 3D growth in P. patens, are modified by m6A, whereas in the Ppmta mutant the lack of the m6A marker is associated with a corresponding decrease in transcript accumulation. Overall, we suggest that m6A is essential to enable the proper accumulation of these and other bud‐specific transcripts directing the turnover of stage‐specific transcriptomes, and thus promoting the transition from protonema to gametophore buds in P. patens.
Low risk of human T‐lymphotropic virus infection in U.S. blood donors; Is it time to consider a one‐time selective testing approach?
Authors: Crowder Lauren A. , Haynes James M. , Notari Edward P. , Dodd Roger Y. , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundU.S. blood donors are tested at each donation for human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) antibodies. Depending on donor incidence and other mitigation/removal technologies, a strategy of one‐time selective donor testing should be considered.MethodsAntibody seroprevalence was calculated for HTLV‐confirmed‐positive American Red Cross allogeneic blood donors from 2008 to 2021. Incidence was estimated for seven 2‐year time periods using confirmed‐positive repeat donors having seroconverted in 730 days. Leukoreduction failure rates were obtained from internal data from July 1, 2008–June 30, 2021. Residual risks were calculated using a 51‐day window period.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2021, >75 million donations (>18 million donors) yielded 1550 HTLV seropositives. HTLV seroprevalence was 2.05 antibody‐positives per 100,000 donations (0.77 HTLV‐1, 1.03 HTLV‐2, 0.24 HTLV‐1/2), and 10.32 per 100,000 among >13.9 million first‐time donors. Seroprevalence differed significantly by virus type, sex, age, race/ethnicity, donor status, and U.S. census region. Over 14 years and 24.8 million person‐years of observation, 57 incident donors were identified (25 HTLV‐1, 23 HTLV‐2, and 9 HTLV‐1/2). Incidence decreased from 0.30 (13 cases) in 2008–2009 to 0.25 (7 cases) in 2020–2021. Female donors accounted for most incident cases (47 vs. 10 males). In the last 2‐year reporting period, the residual risk was 1 per 2.8 million donations and 1 per 3.3 billion donations when coupled with successful leukoreduction (0.085% failure rate).ConclusionsHTLV donation seroprevalence for the years 2008–2021 varied by virus type and donor characteristics. Low HTLV residual risk and use of leukoreduction processes support the conclusion that a selective one‐time donor testing strategy should be considered.
IS THERE A DISTINCTIVE QUANTUM THEOLOGY?
Authors: Poon Wilson C. K. , McLeish Tom C. B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantum mechanics (QM) is a favorite area of physics to feature in “science and religion” discussions. We argue that this is at least partly because the arcane results of QM can be deployed to make big theological claims by the linguistic sleight of hand of “register switching”—sliding imperceptibly from technical into everyday language using the same vocabulary. We clarify the discussion by deploying the formal mapping of QM into classical statistical mechanics (CSM) via the mathematical device of “Wick rotation.” This equivalence between QM and CSM suggests caution in claiming distinctiveness for quantum theologizing. After outlining two areas in which quantum insights nevertheless resonate with longstanding themes in theological reflection (hiddenness and visualizability), we suggest that both QM and CSM point to a theology of science in which scientists participate in the divine gaze on creation as imago Dei.
Viscous Theory for the Vibrations of Coaxial Cylinders: Analytical Formulas for the Fluid Forces and the Modal Added Coefficients
Authors: Lagrange Romain , Adela Puscas Maria 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the small-amplitude forced beam vibrations of two coaxial finite-length cylinders separated by a viscous Newtonian fluid. A new theoretical approach based on an Helmholtz expansion of the fluid velocity vector is carried out, leading to a full analytical expression of the fluid forces and subsequently of the modal added mass and damping coefficients. Our theory shows that the fluid forces are linear combinations of the Fourier harmonics of the vibration modes. The coefficients of the linear combinations are shown to depend on the aspect ratio of the cylinders, on the separation distance, and on the Stokes number. As a consequence, the linear fluid forces do not have, in general, the same shape as the forced vibration mode, so that the fluid makes it possible to couple vibration modes with different wave numbers. Compared to the previous works, the present theory includes the viscous effects of the fluid, accounts for the finite length of the cylinders, does not rely on the assumption of a narrow annulus, and covers in a unique formulation all types of classical boundary conditions for an Euler–Bernoulli beam. The theoretical predictions for the modal added mass and damping coefficients (self and cross) are corroborated numerically, considering rigid, pinned-pinned, and clamped-free vibrations.
Axisymmetric Indentations of an Elastic Half-Space With Tensed Surface/Membrane in the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts Adhesive Approximation
Authors: Yuan Weike , Niu Xinrui , Wang Gangfeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Owing to the significant effects of adhesive force and surface/membrane tension, the classical contact models often fail to describe the indentation responses of soft materials and biological systems. This work addresses the axisymmetric indentation of an elastic substrate with constant surface/membrane tension by a spherical, conical, or cylindrical flat indenter in the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts adhesive approximation. On the basis of non-adhesive contact solutions accounting for the surface/membrane tension effect, explicit expressions for the external load and depth with respect to the contact radius are derived for the adhesive contact cases, which act as the theoretical fundamental for the accurate analysis of indentation tests. Despite using different correction functions, the results for spherical indentation are consistent with the solution of previous studies. It is found that the role of surface/membrane tension in the adhesive contact behavior is controlled by a dimensionless parameter. As the parameter gets larger, the pull-off force and the contact size at zero-external load for spherical and conical indentations are smaller, whereas the pull-off force for cylindrical flat indentation is higher.