bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new cell line based coculture system for skin sensitisation testing in one single assay using T cells, aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout, and co-inhibitory blockage
Authors: Sonnenburg Anna , Stahlmann Ralf , Kreutz Reinhold , Peiser Matthias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEstablished in vitro assays for regulatory testing of skin sensitisation partly suffer from only moderate sensitivity, specificity, and predictivity when testing specific groups of chemicals. This may be due to limited biomarker response in vitro in cell types that interact as crucial players of in vivo skin sensitisation pathogenesis. Here, we propose a molecular approach to overcome this limitation. In our model, we apply genome editing and blocking of immunoregulatory molecules to increase the range of biomarker modulation by sensitising chemicals. To this end, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) knockout was done by CRISPR/Cas9 technology in THP-1 cells and combined with Programmed Cell Death-Ligand (PD-L)1 blockade. AhR-knockout THP-1 in coculture with HaCaT keratinocytes showed increased CD54 expression compared to wild type cells after stimulation with 10 µmol/L dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) that was further enhanced by anti-PD-L1. After stimulation of AhR-knockout THP-1 with 200 µmol/L mercaptobenzothiazol or 10 µmol/L DNCB, cocultivated Jurkat T cells significantly increased expression of T cell receptor-associated CD3. No such increase was detected after prior treatment of THP-1 with 150 µmol/L of irritant sodium lauryl sulphate. Additionally, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines MIP-3α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8 were found in supernatants of enhanced loose-fit co-culture based sensitisation assay (eLCSA) after substance treatment. Hence, eLCSA allowed to discriminate between sensitisers and non-sensitisers. Thus, inhibition of immunoinhibitory pathway signalling by combining AhR knockout and PD-L1 antibody blockage into an assay involving main acting cell types in skin sensitisation may increase sensitivity and specificity of such assays and allow potency derivation.
Advances in testing for sample manipulation in clinical and forensic toxicology - Part A: urine samples
Authors: Wissenbach Dirk K. , Steuer Andrea E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn many countries, adherence testing is used to monitor consumption behavior or to prove abstinence. Urine and hair are most commonly used, although other biological fluids are available. Positive test results are usually associated with serious legal or economic consequences. Therefore, various sample manipulation and adulteration strategies are used to circumvent such a positive result. In these critical review articles on sample adulteration of urine (part A) and hair samples (part B) in the context of clinical and forensic toxicology, recent trends and strategies to improve sample adulteration and manipulation testing published in the past 10 years are described and discussed. Typical manipulation and adulteration strategies include undercutting the limits of detection/cut-off by dilution, substitution, and adulteration. New or alternative strategies for detecting sample manipulation attempts can be generally divided into improved detection of established urine validity markers and direct and indirect techniques or approaches to screening for new adulteration markers. In this part A of the review article, we focused on urine samples, where the focus in recent years has been on new (in)direct substitution markers, particularly for synthetic (fake) urine. Despite various and promising advances in detecting manipulation, it remains a challenge in clinical and forensic toxicology, and simple, reliable, specific, and objective markers/techniques are still lacking, for example, for synthetic urine.
Spatial ecology of a newly described oceanic manta ray population in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Garzon F. , Seymour Z. T. A. , Monteiro Z. L. , Graham R. T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris) is a circumglobally distributed species, but little to no information exists for many parts of their range. The eastern central Atlantic Ocean is a particularly data-deficient area, where manta ray presence has seldom been reported and regional descriptions of the distribution, movement, and connectivity of populations are unavailable. This study makes use of satellite telemetry, coupled with ecological niche modeling, to provide the first description an oceanic manta ray population in the region based on observations from Cabo Verde, and describes the most likely distribution of the species in the region. Repeated surveys between 2015 and 2019 and data from 11 satellite-tracked individuals revealed a reliable and continued presence of manta rays in the archipelago, although the number of sightings was considerably lower than those reported for some of the major aggregation sites for the species and no individual was ever re-sighted. Ecological niche modeling indicates suitable habitat for manta rays exists in Cabo Verde for most of the year, though in considerably higher extent during the summer months. The model furthermore suggests possible seasonal connections between the archipelago and the wider Gulf of Guinea. The role of Cabo Verde in the life-history of oceanic manta rays in the region remains to be elucidated, though the low abundance and re-sighting frequency, coupled with modeling suggesting expanding and contracting suitable habitat, suggests that Cabo Verde might be a key stop-over along a potentially longer movement corridor.
Prophylactic Risk‐Reducing Mastectomy (PRRM): A Set Practice or Catch‐22 Situation in LMIC. A Single‐Centre Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mooghal Mehwish , Vohra Lubna M. , Khan Wajiha , Akbar Fizza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground Pakistan's hereditary breast cancer has a higher‐than‐average prevalence. Our acceptability of prophylactic risk‐reducing mastectomy (PRRM) still needs to be determined, and genetic testing still needs to be offered to all eligible. The aim is to determine the number of women presenting to our centre who availed of PRRM after positive genetic tests and the main reasons restraining them from considering PRRM.Materials and methods This study is a single‐centre, prospective cohort. We collected data from 2017 to 2022 on BRCA1/2 and other (P/LP) gene‐positive patients. Continuous variables are presented as means (±SD) and categorical variables in percentages, with a significant P‐value of ≤ 0.05.Results Out of 477 tested individuals, only 95(20.12%) had a positive result. BRCA1/2 was positive in 70 cases, while P/LP variants were in 24 cases. Only 32.6% of eligible families underwent genetic testing, with 54.8% positivity. Altogether, 92.6% of patients had BRCA1/2‐related cancers. Only 25/95(26.3%) individuals availed of PRRM, the majority had contralateral risk‐reducing mastectomy 68% with a 20% reconstruction rate. The main reasons to decline PRRM were false belief of not having any disease 57.44%, followed by family/spouse pressure 51%, body appearance/societal perception, fear of complications/quality of life and financial constraints.Conclusion Genetic testing and its implications are still a grey area for LMICs, primarily due to the scarcity of centres offering genetic testing to eligible populations, followed by prevalent perceptions about prophylactic surgeries among the masses. Addressing relevant issues in LMICs is the need of time.
A stochastic hierarchical model for low grade glioma evolution
Authors: Buckwar Evelyn , Conte Martina , Meddah Amira 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA stochastic hierarchical model for the evolution of low grade gliomas is proposed. Starting with the description of cell motion using a piecewise diffusion Markov process (PDifMP) at the cellular level, we derive an equation for the density of the transition probability of this Markov process based on the generalised Fokker–Planck equation. Then, a macroscopic model is derived via parabolic limit and Hilbert expansions in the moment equations. After setting up the model, we perform several numerical tests to study the role of the local characteristics and the extended generator of the PDifMP in the process of tumour progression. The main aim focuses on understanding how the variations of the jump rate function of this process at the microscopic scale and the diffusion coefficient at the macroscopic scale are related to the diffusive behaviour of the glioma cells and to the onset of malignancy, i.e., the transition from low-grade to high-grade gliomas.
Comparison between dedicated MRI and symphyseal fluoroscopic guided contrast agent injection in the diagnosis of cleft sign in athletic groin pain and association with pelvic ring instability
Authors: Holl Norman , Gerhardt Judith Sarah , Tischer Thomas , Krüger Jens , Arevalo-Hernandez Andres , Lenz Robert , Weber Marc-André 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To compare dedicated MRI with targeted fluoroscopic guided symphyseal contrast agent injection regarding the assessment of symphyseal cleft signs in men with athletic groin pain and assessment of radiographic pelvic ring instability.

Methods
Sixty-six athletic men were prospectively included after an initial clinical examination by an experienced surgeon using a standardized procedure. Diagnostic fluoroscopic symphyseal injection of a contrast agent was performed. Additionally, standing single-leg stance radiography and dedicated 3-Tesla MRI protocol were employed. The presence of cleft injuries (superior, secondary, combined, atypical) and osteitis pubis was recorded.

Results
Symphyseal bone marrow edema (BME) was present in 50 patients, bilaterally in 41 patients and in 28 with an asymmetrical distribution. Comparison of MRI and symphysography was as followed: no clefts: 14 cases (MRI) vs. 24 cases (symphysography), isolated superior cleft sign: 13 vs. 10, isolated secondary cleft sign: 15 vs. 21 cases and combined injuries: 18 vs. 11 cases. In 7 cases a combined cleft sign was observed in MRI but only an isolated secondary cleft sign was visible in symphysography. Anterior pelvic ring instability was observed in 25 patients and was linked to a cleft sign in 23 cases (7 superior cleft sign, 8 secondary cleft signs, 6 combined clefts, 2 atypical cleft injuries). Additional BME could be diagnosed in 18 of those 23.

Conclusion
Dedicated 3-Tesla MRI outmatches symphysography for purely diagnostic purposes of cleft injuries. Microtearing at the prepubic aponeurotic complex and the presence of BME is a prerequisite for the development of anterior pelvic ring instability.

Clinical relevance statement
For diagnostic of symphyseal cleft injuries dedicated 3-T MRI protocols outmatch fluoroscopic symphysography. Prior specific clinical examination is highly beneficial and additional flamingo view x-rays are recommended for assessment of pelvic ring instability in these patients.

Key Points
• Assessment of symphyseal cleft injuries is more accurate by use of dedicated MRI as compared to fluoroscopic symphysography.
• Additional fluoroscopy may be important for therapeutic injections.
• The presence of cleft injury might be a prerequisite for the development of pelvic ring instability.
Cortical involvement in essential tremor with and without rest tremor: a machine learning study
Authors: Bianco Maria Giovanna , Quattrone Andrea , Sarica Alessia , Aracri Federica , Calomino Camilla , Caligiuri Maria Eugenia , Novellino Fabiana , Nisticò Rita , Buonocore Jolanda , Crasà Marianna , Vaccaro Maria Grazia , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
There is some debate on the relationship between essential tremor with rest tremor (rET) and the classic ET syndrome, and only few MRI studies compared ET and rET patients. This study aimed to explore structural cortical differences between ET and rET, to improve the knowledge of these tremor syndromes.

Methods
Thirty-three ET patients, 30 rET patients and 45 control subjects (HC) were enrolled. Several MR morphometric variables (thickness, surface area, volume, roughness, mean curvature) of brain cortical regions were extracted using Freesurfer on T1-weighted images and compared among groups. The performance of a machine learning approach (XGBoost) using the extracted morphometric features was tested in discriminating between ET and rET patients.

Results
rET patients showed increased roughness and mean curvature in some fronto-temporal areas compared with HC and ET, and these metrics significantly correlated with cognitive scores. Cortical volume in the left pars opercularis was also lower in rET than in ET patients. No differences were found between ET and HC. XGBoost discriminated between rET and ET with mean AUC of 0.86 ± 0.11 in cross-validation analysis, using a model based on cortical volume. Cortical volume in the left pars opercularis was the most informative feature for classification between the two ET groups.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated higher cortical involvement in fronto-temporal areas in rET than in ET patients, which may be linked to the cognitive status. A machine learning approach based on MR volumetric data demonstrated that these two ET subtypes can be distinguished using structural cortical features.
Effects on hemodynamic enhancement and discomfort of a new textile electrode integrated in a sock during calf neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Authors: Sundström C. , Juthberg R. , Flodin J. , Guo L. , Persson N.-K. , Ackermann P. W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare fixed transverse textile electrodes (TTE) knitted into a sock versus motor point placed standard gel electrodes (MPE) on peak venous velocity (PVV) and discomfort, during calf neuromuscular electrical stimulation (calf-NMES).

Methods
Ten healthy participants received calf-NMES with increasing intensity until plantar flexion (measurement level I = ML I), and an additional mean 4 mA intensity (ML II), utilizing TTE and MPE. PVV was measured with Doppler ultrasound in the popliteal and femoral veins at baseline, ML I and II. Discomfort was assessed with a numerical rating scale (NRS, 0–10). Significance was set to p < 0.05.

Results
TTE and MPE both induced significant increases in PVV from baseline to ML I and significantly higher increases to ML II, in both the popliteal and femoral veins (all p < 0.001). The popliteal increases of PVV from baseline to both ML I and II were significantly higher with TTE versus MPE (p < 0.05). The femoral increases of PVV from baseline to both ML I and II were not significantly different between TTE and MPE. TTE versus MPE resulted at ML I in higher mA and NRS (p < 0.001), and at ML II in higher mA (p = 0.005) while NRS was not significantly different.

Conclusion
TTE integrated in a sock produces intensity-dependent increases of popliteal and femoral hemodynamics comparable to MPE, but results in more discomfort at plantar flexion due to higher current required. TTE exhibits in the popliteal vein higher increases of PVV compared to MPE.

Trial registration
Trial_ID: ISRCTN49260430. Date: 11/01/2022. Retrospectively registered.
ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer – Update 2023*
Authors: Cibula David , Raspollini Maria Rosaria , Planchamp François , Centeno Carlos , Chargari Cyrus , Felix Ana , Fischerová Daniela , Jahnn-Kuch Daniela , Joly Florence , Kohler Christhardt , Lax Sigurd , Lorusso Domenica , Mahantshetty Umesh , Mathevet Patrice , Naik Raj , Nout Remi A. , Oaknin Ana , Peccatori Fedro , Persson Jan , Querleu Denis , Bernabé Sandra Rubio , Schmid Maximilian P. , Stepanyan Artem , Svintsitskyi Valentyn , Tamussino Karl , Zapardiel Ignacio , Lindegaard Jacob 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn 2018, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) jointly with the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) published evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer. Given the large body of new evidence addressing the management of cervical cancer, the three sister societies jointly decided to update these evidence-based guidelines. The update includes new topics to provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in cervical cancer.To serve on the expert panel (27 experts across Europe) ESGO/ESTRO/ESP nominated practicing clinicians who are involved in managing patients with cervical cancer and have demonstrated leadership through their expertise in clinical care and research, national and international engagement, profile, and dedication to the topics addressed. To ensure the statements were evidence based, new data identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the international development group. Before publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 155 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives.These updated guidelines are comprehensive and cover staging, management, follow-up, long-term survivorship, quality of life and palliative care. Management includes fertility sparing treatment, early and locally advanced cervical cancer, invasive cervical cancer diagnosed on a simple hysterectomy specimen, cervical cancer in pregnancy, rare tumors, recurrent and metastatic diseases. The management algorithms and the principles of radiotherapy and pathological evaluation are also defined.
Nutrient effects on drought responses vary across common temperate grassland species
Authors: Kiene Carola , Jung Eun-Young , Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrought and nutrient input are two main global change drivers that threaten ecosystem function and services. Resolving the interactive effects of human-induced stressors on individual species is necessary to improve our understanding of community and ecosystem responses. This study comparatively assessed how different nutrient conditions affect whole-plant drought responses across 13 common temperate grassland species. We conducted a fully factorial drought-fertilization experiment to examine the effect of nutrient addition [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and combined NP] on species' drought survival, and on drought resistance of growth as well as drought legacy effects. Drought had an overall negative effect on survival and growth, and the adverse drought effects extended into the next growing season. Neither drought resistance nor legacy effects exhibited an overall effect of nutrients. Instead, both the size and the direction of the effects differed strongly among species and between nutrient conditions. Consistently, species performance ranking under drought changed with nitrogen availability. The idiosyncratic responses of species to drought under different nutrient conditions may underlie the seemingly contradicting effects of drought in studies on grassland composition and productivity along nutrient and land-use gradients—ranging from amplifying to dampening. Differential species’ responses to combinations of nutrients and drought, as observed in our study, complicate predictions of community and ecosystem responses to climate and land-use changes. Moreover, they highlight the urgent need for an improved understanding of the mechanisms that render species more or less vulnerable to drought under different nutrients.
Explosive eruptions at Stromboli volcano (Italy): a comprehensive geochemical view on magma sources and intensity range
Authors: Voloschina Marija , Métrich Nicole , Bertagnini Antonella , Marianelli Paola , Aiuppa Alessandro , Ripepe Maurizio , Pistolesi Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the processes that occur during magmatic storage and pre-eruptive ascent—and of their associated timescales—is critical to identifying potential precursory signals, and to developing robust volcano early-warning systems. Stromboli’s persistent activity comprises continuous degassing and explosive activity that ranges from hourly, low-intensity “normal” activity to occasional, more violent, paroxysmal activity. While the magma source processes that drive normal and paroxysmal activity are reasonably constrained, eruptive activity intermediate in magnitude and intensity (i.e., major explosions) remains elusive in terms of classification, source region, and pre-eruptive timescales. Here, we investigate the 19 July 2020 major explosion that geophysical parameters place at the upper limit of the major explosions field, close to small-scale paroxysms such as the 2003 and 2007 events. The geochemical signatures of matrix glass, olivine, melt inclusions, and embayments—integrated with gas measurements—highlight important differences in eruption source, ascent behaviour, and pre-eruptive timescales of the studied event when compared to paroxysms. Melt inclusion volatile contents identify that magma rise begins from a slightly shallower source (~9.5 km below sea level, b.s.l.) than for paroxysms (11.4 km b.s.l.), with the activation of a shallower ponding zone at 5–6 km b.s.l.. This, in combination with intermediate matrix glass compositions, suggests complex ascent behaviour, characterised by CO2 buffering in the deep ponding region and magma self-mixing in the shallower zone. Fe–Mg-diffusion modelling in olivine indicates a system perturbation starting ~20–25 days before eruption onset, in agreement with the timescale of volcanic gas CO2/SO2 ratio changes observed in the plume, and significantly shorter than that observed prior to paroxysms (~4 months). The geochemical dataset provides insights into the processes controlling the steady-state conditions and the broad spectra in eruption magnitude and intensity at Stromboli and bears important implications for eruption forecasting.
Siamese neural networks in recommendation
Authors: Serrano Nicolás , Bellogín Alejandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecommender systems are widely adopted as an increasing research and development area, since they provide users with diverse and useful information tailored to their needs. Several strategies have been proposed, and in most of them some concept of similarity is used as a core part of the approach, either between items or between users. At the same time, Siamese Neural Networks are being used to capture the similarity of items in the image domain, as they are defined as a subtype of Artificial Neural Networks built with (at least two) identical networks that share their weights. In this review, we study the proposals done in the intersection of these two fields, that is, how Siamese Networks are being used for recommendation. We propose a classification that considers different recommendation problems and algorithmic approaches. Some research directions are pointed out to encourage future research. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first comprehensive survey that focuses on the usage of Siamese Neural Networks for Recommender Systems.