bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frog call transmission in forestry monocultures: Are there drawbacks?
Authors: Escalona Moisés , Castroviejo‐Fisher Santiago , Simões Pedro Ivo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnuran males emit advertisement calls for the purpose of attracting females and repelling conspecific males. Call transmission is influenced by the acoustics of the propagation environment, including vegetation. Thus, forestry monocultures of non‐native trees represent artificial environments that could modify call transmission. These monocultures have substituted large areas of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, representing a conservation challenge. Considering this context, we hypothesized that anurans have calls that are less attenuated in their native environment than in forest plantations. To test it, we performed sound transmission experiments using calls of three anuran species native to southern Brazil: Boana bischoffi, B. leptolineata, and Hylodes meridionalis. We compared sound attenuation between the native forest and forestry monocultures (Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. forests), and included distance from the sound source, air temperature, humidity, and vegetation density as cofactors in linear mixed models. Our results show that the advertisement calls of the two tree frogs (Boana) attenuate less in tree plantations than in native forests, while the third species shows either no differences or less attenuation in native forests. Our results can be understood according to differences in natural history and microhabitat use among the studied species. The two tree frog species vocalize perched from vegetation so their calls become better transmitted in forestry monocultures, which have fewer trees than the native forest. On the other hand, H. meridionalis calls from rocks on streams and the propagation is finely tuned to this peculiar microhabitat. We discuss the conservation implications of our findings for anurans and for the Atlantic Forest. Abstract in Portuguese and Spanish are available with online material.
Generative Adversarial Shaders for Real‐Time Realism Enhancement
Authors: Salmi A. , Cséfalvay Sz. , Imber J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractApplication of realism enhancement methods, particularly in real‐time and resource‐constrained settings, has been frustrated by the expense of existing methods. These achieve high quality results only at the cost of long runtimes and high bandwidth, memory, and power requirements. We present an efficient alternative: a high‐performance, generative shader‐based approach that adapts machine learning techniques to real‐time applications, even in resource‐constrained settings such as embedded and mobile GPUs. The proposed learnable shader pipeline comprises differentiable functions that can be trained in an end‐to‐end manner using an adversarial objective, allowing for faithful reproduction of the appearance of a target image set without manual tuning. The shader pipeline is optimized for highly efficient execution on the target device, providing temporally stable, faster‐than‐real time results with quality competitive with many neural network‐based methods.
Expression and prognostic value of Cripto‐1 in early non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhong Jian , Li Li , Zhang Qian , Zou Jue , Liu Wei , Xu Chun Hua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to explore the expression of Cripto‐1 (CR‐1) protein in patients with early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe investigated CR‐1 expression status in specimens obtained from 240 patients with resected NSCLC and 30 cases of para‐carcinous normal lung tissues.ResultsCompared with normal lung tissue, the positive expression of CR‐1 protein in NSCLC was significantly increased (p < 0.005). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the expression of CR‐1 protein was an independent prognostic factor for early stage NSCLC (p = 0.002).ConclusionDetecting CR‐1 protein can predict the prognosis and recurrence in patients with NSCLC.
Ultrasound‐guided hepatic portal vein injection is not a reproducible technique for delivery of cell therapies to the liver in mice
Authors: Walker Sophie L. , Noble June , Thomson Adrian , Moran Carmel M. , Mellis David , Lee I‐Ning , White Lisa J. , Forbes Shareen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsOur aim was to determine if ultrasound‐guided HPV injection in mice would provide reproducible and reliable results, as is currently obtained via open laparotomy techniques, and offer a surgical refinement to emulate islet transplantation in humans.MethodsFluorescent‐polymer microparticles (20 μm) were injected (27G‐needle) into the HPV via open laparotomy (n = 4) or under ultrasound‐guidance (n = 4) using an MX550D‐transducer with a Vevo3100‐scanner (FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc.). Mice were culled 24‐h post injection; organs were frozen, step sectioned (10 μm‐slices) and 10 sections/mouse (50 μm‐spacing) were quantified for microparticles in the liver and other organs by fluorescent microscopy.ResultsMurine HPV injection, via open laparotomy‐route, resulted in widespread distribution of microparticles in the liver, lungs and spleen; ultrasound‐guided injection resulted in reduced microparticle delivery (p < 0.0001) and microparticle clustering in distinct areas of the liver at the site of needle penetration, with very few/no microparticles being seen in lung and spleen tissues, hypothesised to be due to flow into the body cavity: liver median (interquartile range) 4.15 (0.00–4.15) versus 0.00 (0.00–0.00) particle‐count mm−2, respectively.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided injection results in microparticle clustering in the liver, with an overall reduction in microparticle number when compared to open laparotomy HPV injection, and high variability in microparticle‐counts detected between mice. Ultrasound‐guided injection is not currently a technique that can replace open laparotomy HPV of islet transplantation in mice.
The influence of flow on movement of a headwater specialist in an intermittent urban headwater stream
Authors: Curtis Katherine , Sanders Adam , Urbanic Megan , Israel Gabriyelle , McCombs Connoe , Pastura Logan , Matter Stephen F. , Booth Michael T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFish movement in freshwater streams is often tied to patterns of flow, especially when the stream is intermittent, flashy, or some combination thereof. Relationships between flow and fish movement are exacerbated in small urban streams in impervious surface‐dominated watersheds that lead to extreme flow conditions. Here we examined the response of Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), a common pioneer fish species in eastern North America, to flow events of various sizes in a small intermittent urban headwater stream. Our primary goals were to determine (1) the level of Creek Chub movement occurring in an intermittent headwater stream, (2) the influence of flow on movement direction and magnitude, (3) the degree of variation in individual movement behaviour, and (4) mortality rates in the system. The study used PIT tagging and telemetry surveys to monitor Creek Chub movement over a six‐month period. We found that individual Creek Chub in our study system were generally mobile (71%), but usually moved short distances only; however, a few individuals moved much farther, with a maximum single movement of 521 m. Moderate or major flow events increased the probability and magnitude of Creek Chub movement, but there was no detectable asymmetry towards upstream or downstream directionality. Movement was variable among individual fish and fish were able to respond to large and small flow events to move among habitats. Finally, we observed relatively high, but episodic, mortality in our study site, potentially related to pollution events. Evidence of elevated mortality points to the potential importance of movement in highly disturbed streams, as it may enable recolonization after local extirpation.
The spatial distribution of insect communities of a mountaintop forest archipelago is not correlated with landscape structure: A multitaxa approach
Authors: Camarota Flávio , Dáttilo Wesley , da Silva Pedro Giovâni , de Castro Flávio Siqueira , do Vale Beirão Marina , Perillo Lucas Neves , Corro Erick , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , de Siqueira Neves Frederico 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding community assembly in habitat patches requires an integrative approach, considering the potential role of local and regional factors and organisms' dispersal abilities among patches. For this, assessing the degree of species overlap between patches (nestedness) can be particularly informative, especially regarding different taxa and distinct patch properties.
We assessed the potential role of landscape‐patch structure in shaping the nestedness patterns of five taxonomic groups with distinct dispersal abilities (ants, bees, dung beetles, fruit‐feeding butterflies and aculeate wasps).
We collected insects from 11 forest patches in the Espinhaço mountain range in southeast Brazil. We assessed the potential contribution of three forest island attributes (size, distance and shape) to the nestedness of insect communities and then tested if metacommunities were significantly nested with respect to habitat (forest islands). Finally, we evaluated how species of each taxonomic group contribute to metacommunity nestedness.
While there was a substantial variation in the contribution to the nested pattern within each taxon, all taxa studied exhibited a significantly nested pattern of species distribution. The landscape‐patch structure and the vagility of the different taxa did not influence the contribution of sites to the metacommunity nested pattern.
Our integrative approach provides critical data on the role of different factors in shaping species distribution in natural patches. Species with different dispersal abilities and patches with distinct landscape properties contributed similarly to nestedness, indicating the potential role of the vegetation matrix permeability in shaping the distribution of organisms in the studied forest archipelago.
Upadacitinib treatment withdrawal and retreatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a phase 2b, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Thaçi Diamant , Papp Kim A. , Ständer Sonja , Beck Lisa A. , Kim Brian S. , Hu Xiaofei , Liu Jianzhong , Calimlim Brian M. , Vigna Namita , Crowley Jameson T. , Teixeira Henrique D. , Thyssen Jacob P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic eczematous lesions. The effect of treatment withdrawal after response to upadacitinib oral treatment is not fully characterized.ObjectivesAssess the effect of upadacitinib withdrawal on skin clearance and itch improvement in adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD and evaluate the kinetics of recovery on rescue treatment.MethodsData from a phase 2b randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (NCT02925117) of upadacitinib in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD were analysed. Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive upadacitinib 7.5 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg or placebo, and then at Week 16, patients were re‐randomized 1:1 to receive the same dose of upadacitinib (upadacitinib 30 mg for patients initialized to placebo) or placebo. From Week 20, those who experienced loss of response defined as Eczema Area and Severity Index <50% improvement from baseline (EASI 50) received rescue treatment with upadacitinib 30 mg.ResultsPatients who withdrew from upadacitinib experienced a rapid loss of skin clearance response, while those who switched from placebo to upadacitinib gained response. Loss of skin clearance response occurred within 4 weeks and worsening of itch occurred within 5 days. In patients who originally received placebo or a lower dose of upadacitinib leading to a loss of EASI response, rescue treatment with upadacitinib 30 mg resulted in rapid recovery or improvement of both skin and itch responses; most patients who were re‐randomized to placebo achieved EASI 75 and IGA 0/1 by 8 weeks of rescue treatment. No new safety risks were observed.ConclusionsContinuous treatment with upadacitinib is suggested to maintain skin clearance and antipruritic effects.
Predictive factors of atopic‐like dermatitis induced by IL‐17A inhibitors in patients with psoriasis: A 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Tang Xin , Li Qian , Zhou Ying , Zheng Xuyu , Zhou Cui , Hu Yulian , Wang Ping , Chen Aijun , Huang Kun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic‐like dermatitis (ALD) is a common side effect of interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) inhibitors.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence, risk factors, outcomes and treatment of ALD in a cohort of psoriasis patients treated with IL‐17A inhibitors.MethodsThis retrospective study included 226 psoriasis patients treated with an IL‐17A inhibitor in our dermatology department between July 2020 and July 2022. The patients were reviewed over 2 years. A logistic regression model in rare events data (relogit) was used to predict the risk factors for ALD.ResultsOf the 226 patients, 14 had ALD. Data including age, body mass index, IL‐17A inhibitor use, personal and family history of atopic disease, pet ownership history, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were analysed using the relogit regression model. It indicated a personal history of atopic disease (odd ratio [OR] 27.830, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.801–203.770; p = 0.001) and elevated IgE levels (OR 5.867, 95% CI 1.131–30.434; p = 0.035) as independent predictors of incident ALD. In one patient, anti‐IL‐17A therapy was discontinued, and treatment was switched to tofacitinib. Thirteen patients who continued with IL‐17A inhibitor were treated with topical therapy and/or antihistamines, and their ALD was partially or completely resolved.ConclusionIn this study, the incidence rate of ALD was 6.19%. Elevated IgE levels and a personal history of atopic disease were found to be the risk factors for ALD. Our study findings suggest that treatment should be provided based on the severity of psoriasis and incident ALD. Prior to treatment, psoriasis patients who have the risk factors for ALD should be informed of the possible development of ALD, and alternative psoriatic therapeutic options should be considered if severe ALD develops.
Impact of balance on the energetic cost of walking and gait speed
Authors: Brown Colleen , Simonsick Eleanor , Schrack Jennifer , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundExamine the relationship between balance test performance and the energetic cost of walking (ECW) and gait speed.MethodsCross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Men (48%) and women aged 60–96 years enrolled in the BLSA between 2007 and 2020 (n = 1132). Balance was assessed using narrow walk (NW) and progressive standing balance tests (SB). ECW measured during 2.5‐min usual paced walk while participants wore a portable indirect calorimeter. Gait speed assessed over 6‐m. Each test parameterized using validated methods. Statistical analysis to compare balance measures to ECW, and gait speed used generalized logistic regression models and adjustments for age, sex, race, height, weight, and comorbidities.ResultsCross‐sectionally, mean ECW was higher and gait speed slower in persons who failed the NW than those who passed (0.189 vs. 0.164 mL/kg/m, p < 0.0001 and 0.96 vs. 1.15 m/s, p < 0.0001, respectively). Mean ECW was increasingly higher and gait speed slower over three progressively challenging SB tests (0.207 vs. 0.171 vs. 0.164 mL/kg/m, p < 0.0001 and 0.95 vs. 1.05 vs. 1.15 m/s, p < 0.0001). Over an average 2.4 years, those who declined in SB and NW had a higher ECW and slower gait speed than persons who maintained performance (SB: 0.18 vs. 0.160 mL/kg/m, p = 0.0003, and 1.00 vs. 1.13 m/s, p = <0.001; NW: 0.175 vs. 0.160 mL/kg/m, p = 0.002, and 1.04 vs. 1.14 m/s, p = 0.001). Persons who improved had lower ECW and faster gait speed than those who failed at both visits (SB: 0.169 vs. 0.240 mL/kg/m, p = 0.0002, and 0.99 vs. 0.94 m/s, p = 0.67, NW: 0.163 vs. 0.195 mL/kg/m, p = 0.0005, and 1.10 vs. 0.92 m/s, p < 0.001).ConclusionInstability contributes to higher ECW and slower gait speed which suggests that rehabilitation efforts to improve balance may help maintain function further into older adulthood and delay mobility limitation.
Complementary and alternative treatments for insomnia disorder: a systematic umbrella review
Authors: Ell Johanna , Schmid Sarah R. , Benz Fee , Spille Lukas 
Published: August 2023

SummaryInsomnia is a common disorder and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) is recommended as first‐line treatment. However, CBT‐I is not widely distributed and infrequently available while medication is not indicated for long‐term use. To close this evident gap in supply, alternative treatments could be utilised. High‐quality research on this topic is scarce, and there is currently no comprehensive publication on the effectiveness of alternative treatments. To address this pressing question, we systematically summarised the existing research on alternative treatments for insomnia. A comprehensive search of systematic reviews and (network) meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of alternative treatments compared to waiting‐list control or placebo in adults with insomnia disorder with or without comorbidities was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and PsycArticles on December 6, 2022, yielding 391 records. Finally, 15 eligible studies were included. Evidence on acupuncture, exogenous melatonin, mind–body interventions and exercise, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), valerian, and light exposure was found. Acupuncture, rTMS and mind–body exercises significantly improved sleep quality and insomnia severity but effects on objectively assessed outcomes were inconclusive. Melatonin led to a reduction in both self‐reported and objectively assessed sleep onset latency. Light exposure and valerian did not significantly improve sleep outcomes. Overall, the quality of studies was rated as low. Results indicate that alternative treatments are effective mostly on subjective outcomes. However, evidence on the efficacy of some intervention types is sparse and there is a need for high‐quality original studies. Future research could investigate whether combining different alternative treatment aspects with CBT‐I improves individual treatment.
Trigger warnings as tools for learning—theorising an evolving cultural concept
Authors: Nolan Helen Anne , Roberts Lesley 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile definitions of trigger warnings vary, it is generally accepted that they caution about potential reactions arising from exposure to distressing material. Controversy surrounds use of warnings in education, with concerns noted regarding impacts on academic freedom, “coddling”, thereby undermining resilience, reinforcement of traumatised identity and enablement of avoidance. Proponents of warnings position them as accommodations for those affected by trauma, enhancing inclusion, and suggest warnings empower choice and enable informed engagement in learning. A recent meta‐analysis of warnings' efficacy demonstrated no effect on affective responses or comprehension. Findings regarding avoidance suggested warnings mayincreaseengagement with material. Synthesis of heterogeneous results relating to context of warning application necessitates cautious interpretation of findings. Furthermore, controlled experimental designs do not reflect complex ecologies of social learning environments.MethodsEvidence relating to warnings in healthcare professions education remains limited. We undertake a narrative review and synthesis of evidence regarding the role and functions of trigger warnings from a range of disciplines, to inform healthcare education practice. We apply this evidence in considering how warnings may act within a range of theoretical frameworks for healthcare professionals educations including andragogy, self‐directed learning and, ultimately, transformative learning. Tensions between exposure to emotionally stimulating learning episodes and the necessity of emotion for learning while simultaneously attending to learners' needs and fulfilling educators' responsibilities are explored. We probe gaps and contentions in existing theoretical frameworks for learning, and consider implications of recognised limitations with reference to warnings. We summarise by proposing a conceptual model for the role of warnings that considers wider salient factors for fostering effective learning.Discussion and conclusionsDifficulties associated with deriving contextually‐relevant evidence and conclusions relating to warnings as an evolving cultural concept are highlighted. We propose warnings as tools to enable critical reflection and emotional literacy, to curate effective learning environments and support humanistic healthcare professional identity formation, within wider trauma‐informed pedagogies and educator practice.
Transfusion management in thalassemia
Authors: Boudreaux Jeanne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis review describes the current challenges and recommendations in the transfusion management of thalassemia patients. In addition, it reviews the components of blood safety and blood product modification in special populations. Adverse transfusion reactions are described as are some of the newer technologies being utilized to reduce potential transfusion‐associated pathogens. Lastly, research in blood storage and in manufactured blood is briefly described.
On Wittgenstein's remarks about the standard metre
Authors: Büttner Kai Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a notorious passage from his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein writes that one can state of the standard metre neither that it is one metre long, nor that it is not one metre long. While many commentators have rejected this claim, it has been commonly assumed that Wittgenstein himself endorsed it. In a recently published article, Thomas Müller not only provides a novel argument against Wittgenstein's claim about the standard metre but also claims that Wittgenstein did not actually endorse that claim. In this paper, I argue that Müller's exegetical thesis is false and that his novel argument against Wittgenstein's claim about the standard metre is unsound.
Novel method for laparoscopic rectus sheath tunneling with Lin's tube in peritoneal dialysis catheter implantation
Authors: Chang Yuntzu , Chang Wei‐Jung , Cheng‐Yen Huang , Chiu Ping‐Fang , Lin Kuo‐Hua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLaparoscopic implantation of a catheter through rectus sheath tunnel minimizes the risks of catheter failure and reduces some complications like catheter migration, hernias, and leaks. We described a novel method for laparoscopic catheter rectus sheath tunneling using an aspiration tube and a silk tie (Lin's tube). This material is easily available and yields a small fascial defect with an equivalent cannula size to minimize tissue disruption. The technique is feasible, reproducible and it may reduce the risks of postoperative leakage and hemorrhage.