bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast-enhanced CT evaluation of intra-abdominal vessels in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Badeeb Arwa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary hematological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Abdominal crisis can result in significant morbidity and mortality if bowel infarction is present. Vaso-occlusive crisis is the most common pathological process accounting for morbidities. However, another mechanism was recently proposed for the arteriovascular changes associated with SCA. The terminology “sickle cell vasculopathy” was raised. Unlike the intra-cranial arterial vascular abnormalities associated with SCA (frequently reported findings of Moyamoya syndrome), there is scarce radiology literature describing the intra-abdominal vascular changes during or outside a crisis in SCA. Contrast-enhanced CT is a frequently used modality to assess abdominal vasculature and end-organ damage in acute abdominal crisis. Knowledge of the morphology of intra-abdominal vessels, especially the arteries may explain the underlying mechanism of abdominal crisis and potentially alter the management. The study aims to evaluate the structure of the intra-abdominal vasculature in SCA patients using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods
This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of SCA patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis between 2003 and 2020 irrespective of abdominal crisis status. The CT studies were reviewed for the presence of vascular abnormalities, ischemic bowel changes, or other end-organ ischemic changes.

Results
Out of 509 patients, only 78 met the inclusion criteria. Two patients showed diffuse small caliber of the intra-abdominal arteries in the setting of abdominal crisis with end-organ ischemia but no bowel changes. None of the CT studies showed arteriovascular manifestations like advanced intra-cranial vasculopathy in SCA (Moyamoya syndrome-like changes) and none had vasculitis-like abnormalities. None of the patients had bowel ischemia, but six patients had renal and splenic infarcts in the absence of vascular abnormalities. One patient had venous varices secondary to superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.

Conclusions
The vast majority of SCA patients demonstrate no noticeable arteriovascular abnormality on a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen. Diffuse intra-abdominal vasospasm is present in a very small percentage of SCA abdominal crisis patients.
Evaluating the relation between serum apolipoprotein B (apo B), apolipoprotein A (apo A) and apo B/apo A ratio with diabetic retinopathy in a sample of type 2 Egyptian diabetic patient
Authors: Hosny Salwa Seddik , Nasr Merhan Samy , Elfattah Moataz M. W. Abd , Dayem Samar Helmy Abdel , Ibrahim Rana Hashem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic progressive, ocular disease affecting the retinal microvasculature accompanied by hyperglycaemia and different situations related to diabetes mellitus (DM) such as hypertension (HTN). Till now, the majority of researches demonstrated an insignificant correlation between lipid profile parameters and DR. Novel serum lipid markers (apolipoproteins) which are the protein portion of lipoproteins were recently linked to DR, and observed that the increased apo B and high apo B/apo A ratio accompanied by a higher possibility of proliferative DR.

Aim
To assess the relation between novel serum lipid markers and various grades of DR in a sample of type 2 Egyptian diabetic cases.

Methods
This study comprised 80 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) divided into 3 groups: T2DM cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (group I), T2DM cases with non-PDR (group II) and T2DM cases without DR as a control group (group III). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hpp), haemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), cholesterol (chol), triglycerides (TG), LDL, HDL and serum apolipoprotein A and B level. Complete medical history was taken from entire cases with a special focus on the duration of HTN and diabetes and full clinical examination (including BP and BMI).

Results
There was a significant difference regarding serum apo B, apo B/apo A ratio, TG, total chol, LDL (p<0.001*), DM duration (p=0.002), HTN duration (p=0.014), SBP (p=0.006), DBP (p=0.013), BMI (p=0.050) and HbA1c (p=0.025), being higher in group I than group II than group III; also, there was a significant difference between them with regard to serum apo A (p=0.010), and HDL (p=0.047) being higher in group III than group II than group I.
On comparing group I with group II using Post hock Tukey’s test there was a significant difference regarding serum apo B (p=.023) and apo B/apo A ratio (p=.002).
There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum apo B/apo A ratio and diabetic duration (r=0.248), HTN d (r=0.4), HbA1c (r=.47), LDL (r=0.68), triglycerides (r=0.52), cholesterol (r=0.70) and a statistically significant negative correlation between serum apo B/apo A ratio and HDL (r=0.37) in all subjects. In addition, HTN duration was demonstrated to be the most independent factor affecting B/A ratio.

Conclusion
Serum apo B and serum apo B/apo A ratio in diabetic cases are higher in the presence of retinopathy, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL, and it is also higher in proliferative than non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The current study emphasizes on the potential correlation between the high serum apo B, serum apo B/apo A ratio and the advancement of DR.
Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland — a rare entity
Authors: Chauhan Ishan , Garg Komal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Among benign salivary gland tumors, pleomorphic adenoma is one of the most common tumor involving submandibular gland, but it is rare to encounter recurrent pleomorphic adenoma in submandibular gland after submandibular gland excision.

Case presentation
We present a case of 22-year-old female patient who presented to us with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland region after 10 years of removal of submandibular gland, diagnosis was established with the help of ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology, and thereafter, patient was taken up for surgical excision under general anesthesia. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.

Conclusions
This case report highlights the importance of special caution in removal of submandibular gland along with its capsule especially in pediatric population where due to small facial structures, chances of capsular breech are high, which can result in tumor seedling and future recurrence of tumor.
Fat2 polarizes Lar and Sema5c to coordinate the motility of collectively migrating epithelial cells
Authors: Williams Audrey Miller , Horne-Badovinac Sally 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTMigrating epithelial cells globally align their migration machinery to achieve tissue-level movement. Biochemical signaling across leading-trailing cell–cell interfaces can promote this alignment by partitioning migratory behaviors like protrusion and retraction to opposite sides of the interface. However, how signaling proteins become organized at interfaces to accomplish this is poorly understood. The follicular epithelial cells of Drosophila melanogaster have two signaling modules at their leading-trailing interfaces — one composed of the atypical cadherin Fat2 (also known as Kugelei) and the receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar, and one composed of Semaphorin5c and its receptor Plexin A. Here, we show that these modules form one interface signaling system with Fat2 at its core. Trailing edge-enriched Fat2 concentrates both Lar and Semaphorin5c at leading edges of cells, but Lar and Semaphorin5c play little role in the localization of Fat2. Fat2 is also more stable at interfaces than Lar or Semaphorin5c. Once localized, Lar and Semaphorin5c act in parallel to promote collective migration. We propose that Fat2 serves as the organizer of this interface signaling system by coupling and polarizing the distributions of multiple effectors that work together to align the migration machinery of neighboring cells.
Using Posture to Enhance Insights on Movement Performance
Authors: Polsgrove M. Jay , Pomerleau Christopher 
Published: August 2023

Apply It!
By the end of this article, readers should:
• Gain an understanding of how various factors and impairments may affect a performance outcome in exercise testing.
• Understand how modifying postures for a given exercise may help adjust difficulty based on the results of a given exercise test.
• Be able to modify functional activities to provide constraints-based assessments to help identify individual impairments.
Future of cardiovascular diagnosis with the support of artificial intelligence
Authors: Rymarz Anna , Grabowska Ewa , Wojtala Laura , Musiał Lena , Możdżyńska Agnieszka , Kapłon Kamil , Kamińska Izabela , Kojder Dominika , Sierpień Małgorzata 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Term Artificial inteligence was used for the first time by John McCarthy in 1956, from that time we can observe its great development, espiecially in the past decade. Nowadays, Artificial inteligence present a great influence in every aspect of human life, also health care. In times of digitalizaton, great data bases it can enable an improvment in all aspects of healthcare system such as prevention, screening and treatment of diseases.
Purpose:The main purpose of the work was to present the basic aspects related to artificial intelligence. Another important aspect of the article was to indicate the possibilities related to their use in cardiology to improve the effectiveness of doctors and make medical treatment more detailed and personalized, but also to clarify terms related do AI, such as machine learning or deep learning.
Materials and methods: For the purpose of writing this article, the available literature was reviewed. Using keywords such as artificial inteligence, cardiology, machine learning, echocardiography, deep learning, data bases PubMed we ware searching for various clinical trials, meta analysis and randomized controlled trials from past 5 years.
Results: According to the data published on the website of the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of mortality worldwide. It is the reason of the great interest in its use in cardiology. Algorithms based on artificial intelligence are also used in electrocardiography. The use of artificial intelligence can improve the estimation of cardiovascular risk. Its use in the healing process is also being investigated.
Conclusion: Artificial intelligence is used in many fields, including medicine. Its use may have a positive impact on the quality of medical care. Artificial intelligence also has numerous limitations. Due to this, it is necessary to develop and improve artificial intelligence.
Guillain-Barré syndrome complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Haruka , Hoshina Yoji , Higa Hidemasa , Watari Takashi 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an immune-mediated inflammatory polyneuritis characterised by rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis. Guillain-Barré syndrome may present with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in rare cases. Case description: A woman in her 60s with a history of follicular lymphoma presented with a one-week history of difficulty walking and thunderclap headaches. The patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome based on neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction findings. Further diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes was based on imaging findings and headache history. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and amlodipine, and symptoms improved. Discussion: We reviewed the literature on Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy and/or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The underlying pathophysiology may involve dysautonomia resulting in unstable blood pressure, and hyponatraemia causing endothelial dysfunction. The SNOOP mnemonic highlights the ‘red flags’. This SNOOP mnemonic suggests the possibility of secondary headaches that require imaging studies. In this case, the patient exhibited three SNOOP symptoms: S (history of malignancy: follicular lymphoma), O (sudden-onset headache) and O (over 50 years old). Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering coexisting central neurological disorders in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Exploring specialist nurse clinic appointments: supporting a person with multiple sclerosis to manage spasticity and spasms
Authors: Jarrett Louise 
Published: August 2023

Background: Managing clinic appointments effectively and efficiently are a fundamental part of being a multiple sclerosis (MS) specialist nurse (MSSN). Opportunities to practice these skills can be limited, which can be daunting for nurses new into the speciality. Aim: This article explores the management of spasticity and spasms and how a MSSN can effectively use time in a clinic appointment to complete a holistic assessment and support people with MS (PwMS) to manage their spasticity and spasms. Method: Narrative methodology was used to synthesise insights from appointments in a specialist nurse clinic, where individuals with MS needed support to manage spasticity and spasms. The insights were constructed into a reflexive narrative and are presented in this article as one clinic appointment. Findings: Strategies for MSSNs to consider during their clinics and spasticity management practices are suggested. These include clinic preparation, verbal and physical assessments, measuring, timely referral to other multidisciplinary members and educating PwMS, such as educating them on the possible triggers that can exacerbate spasticity and spasms, the importance of exercise and stretching, and monitoring the effectiveness of symptomatic treatments, including drug interventions. Conclusion: MSSNs have a vital role in supporting PwMS to manage their spasticity and spasms throughout the disease trajectory. Developing expertise in effectively using time in clinic appointments will benefit the outcomes for PwMS, the individual nurse and the healthcare organisation.
Extinction of high-power laser radiation under adverse weather conditions
Authors: Peckhaus Andreas , Becker Peter , Pargmann Carsten , Hall Thomas , Duschek Frank 
Published: August 2023

The propagation of laser radiation over long distances can be significantly affected by atmospheric extinction due to precipitation as well as aerosol particles and molecules. The knowledge of the contribution of precipitation is critical to the operation of a variety of laser-based systems. The study of high-power laser transmission around 1 µm is of particular interest because several atmospheric transmission windows are located in this region. To investigate the effect of adverse weather conditions on laser transmission, free-space laser transmission experiments are conducted on the DLR test range in Lampoldshausen, Germany. A high-power laser with a wavelength of 1.03 µm is used for the transmission measurements in combination with calibrated power monitors. Local weather conditions are continuously monitored by meteorological instruments during the experiments. Extinction coefficients are derived from transmission measurements showing that the extinction for snow is 7 times higher than for rain, and the extinction for drizzle/rain is 4 times higher than for rain at a given precipitation rate of 1 mm/h. For a mixture of rain and snow, the extinction is comparable to that of rain, indicating that the water content strongly influences the optical properties and thus the extinction of laser radiation in mixed precipitation. A good relationship is found between the measured extinction coefficient and visibility for drizzle and rain and a slightly larger scatter of the data for snow. Furthermore, measured extinction coefficients are compared to the extinction coefficients based on the experimental size distributions of precipitation particles and geometric optics. A reasonable agreement is obtained for rain, with no improvement taking the forward-scattering into the detector aperture into account, and a much better agreement is obtained for snow when the forward-scattering contribution is included.
Ultra-flat multicarrier light source based on recirculating frequency shift loop driven by a parity–time symmetric optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Zhou Jiaxin , Ban Xinrui , Zhang Jie , Li Jiakang , Yang Jiewei , Jia Dongfang , Ge Chunfeng , Wang Zhaoying 
Published: August 2023

A multicarrier light source based on a recirculating frequency shift loop (RFSL) driven by a parity–time (PT)-symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The impact of the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of the radio frequency (RF) signal on the multicarrier is studied for the first time, to our knowledge. The RFSL driven by PT-symmetric OEO significantly optimizes the phase noise and flatness of the multicarrier, facilitating the system miniaturization. In the experiment, a 10.019 GHz RF signal with a SMSR of 42 dB is generated with −98.63dBc/Hz measured phase noise at 10 kHz offset frequency (actual phase noise should be lower than −122.87dBc/Hz). Up to 120 subcarriers with 2.32 dB flatness are obtained successfully, covering the overall bandwidth of approximately 1.2 THz.
Exposure notification system activity as a leading indicator for SARS-COV-2 caseload forecasting
Authors: Aronoff-Spencer Eliah , Mazrouee Sepideh , Graham Rishi , Handcock Mark S. , Nguyen Kevin , Nebeker Camille , Malekinejad Mohsen , Longhurst Christopher A. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Digital methods to augment traditional contact tracing approaches were developed and deployed globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. These “Exposure Notification (EN)” systems present new opportunities to support public health interventions. To date, there have been attempts to model the impact of such systems, yet no reports have explored the value of real-time system data for predictive epidemiological modeling.

Methods
We investigated the potential to short-term forecast COVID-19 caseloads using data from California’s implementation of the Google Apple Exposure Notification (GAEN) platform, branded as CA Notify. CA Notify is a digital public health intervention leveraging resident’s smartphones for anonymous EN. We extended a published statistical model that uses prior case counts to investigate the possibility of predicting short-term future case counts and then added EN activity to test for improved forecast performance. Additional predictive value was assessed by comparing the pandemic forecasting models with and without EN activity to the actual reported caseloads from 1–7 days in the future.

Results
Observation of time series presents noticeable evidence for temporal association of system activity and caseloads. Incorporating earlier ENs in our model improved prediction of the caseload counts. Using Bayesian inference, we found nonzero influence of EN terms with probability one. Furthermore, we found a reduction in both the mean absolute percentage error and the mean squared prediction error, the latter of at least 5% and up to 32% when using ENs over the model without.

Conclusions
This preliminary investigation suggests smartphone based ENs can significantly improve the accuracy of short-term forecasting. These predictive models can be readily deployed as local early warning systems to triage resources and interventions.
Interaction effects between insomnia and depression on risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Multi-center study
Authors: Jung Eujene , Ryu Hyun Ho , Kim Sung Wan , Lee Jung Ho , Song Kyoung Jun , Ro Young Sun , Cha Kyoung Chul , Hwang Sung Oh ,   Phase II Cardiac Arrest Pursuit Trial with Unique Registry and Epidemiologic Surveillance (CAPTURES-II investigators)
Published: August 2023

Background
Insomnia and depression have been known to be risk factors of several diseases, including coronary heart disease. We hypothesized that insomnia affects the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence, and these effects may vary depending on whether it is accompanied by depression. This study aimed to determine the association between insomnia and OHCA incidence and whether the effect of insomnia is influenced by depression.

Methods
This prospective multicenter case-control study was performed using Phase II Cardiac Arrest Pursuit Trial with Unique Registration and Epidemiology Surveillance (CAPTURES-II) project database for OHCA cases and community-based controls in Korea. The main exposure was history of insomnia. We conducted conditional logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of insomnia on the risk of OHCA incidence and performed interaction analysis between insomnia and depression. Finally, subgroup analysis was conducted in the patients with insomnia.

Results
Insomnia was not associated with increased OHCA risk (0.95 [0.64–1.40]). In the interaction analysis, insomnia interacted with depression on OHCA incidence in the young population. Insomnia was associated with significantly higher odds of OHCA incidence (3.65 [1.29–10.33]) in patients with depression than in those without depression (0.84 [0.59–1.17]). In the subgroup analysis, depression increased OHCA incidence only in patients who were not taking insomnia medication (3.66 [1.15–11.66]).

Conclusion
Insomnia with depression is a risk factor for OHCA in the young population. This trend was maintained only in the population not consuming insomnia medication. Early and active medical intervention for patients with insomnia may contribute to lowering the risk of OHCA.