bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of IL-1β stimulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on polarization and apoptosis of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zeng Ying-Xuan , Chou Kuang-Yi , Hwang Jeng-Jong , Wang Hwai-Shi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMacrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which the functions of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) are different. Our previous studies have demonstrated that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) increase the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and initiate breast cancer cell apoptosis via ligand to death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5. In this study, we examined the effect of IL-1β stimulated hUCMSCs (IL-1β-hUCMSCs) on immunoregulation of M1 and M2 macrophages in vitro and in the RA mouse model. The results showed that IL-1β-hUCMSCs increased macrophage polarization into M2 macrophages and enhanced apoptosis of M1 macrophages in vitro. Moreover, the intravenous injected IL-1β-hUCMSCs in RA mice rehabilitated the imbalance of M1/M2 ratio and thus demonstrated the potential to reduce inflammation in RA. This study advances our knowledge of the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in IL-1β-hUCMSCs to induce M1 macrophage apoptosis and promote the anti-inflammatory polarization of M2 macrophages and demonstrates the potential of IL-1β-hUCMSCs to reduce inflammation in RA.
Seasonal prevalence of bacteria in the outflow of two full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Domańska Magdalena , Kuśnierz Magdalena , Mackiewicz Katarzyna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite many modern wastewater treatment solutions, the most common is still the use of activated sludge (AS). Studies indicate that the microbial composition of AS is most often influenced by the raw sewage composition (especially influent ammonia), biological oxygen demand, the level of dissolved oxygen, technological solutions, as well as the temperature of wastewater related to seasonality. The available literature mainly refers to the relationship between AS parameters or the technology used and the composition of microorganisms in AS. However, there is a lack of data on the groups of microorganisms leaching into water bodies whose presence is a signal for possible changes in treatment technology. Moreover, sludge flocs in the outflow contain less extracellular substance (EPS) which interferes microbial identification. The novelty of this article concerns the identification and quantification of microorganisms in the AS and in the outflow by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method from two full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in terms of 4 key groups of microorganisms involved in the wastewater treatment process in the context of their potential technological usefulness. The results of the study showed that Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi and Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis in treated wastewater reflect the trend in abundance of these bacteria in activated sludge. Increased abundance of betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and Nitrospirae in the outflow were observed in winter. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that loadings obtained from abundance of bacteria in the outflow made larger contributions to the variance in the PC1 factorial axis, than loadings obtained from abundance of bacteria from activated sludge. PCA confirmed the reasonableness of conducting studies not only in the activated sludge, but also in the outflow to find correlations between technological problems and qualitative and quantitative changes in the outflow microorganisms.
Disparate dynamics of pathogen prevalence in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks occurring sympatrically in diverse habitats
Authors: Zając Zbigniew , Obregon Dasiel , Foucault-Simonin Angélique , Wu-Chuang Alejandra , Moutailler Sara , Galon Clemence , Kulisz Joanna , Woźniak Aneta , Bartosik Katarzyna , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIxodes ricinusandDermacentor reticulatusticks are important reservoirs and vectors of pathogens. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dynamic of the prevalence and genetic diversity of microorganisms detected in these tick species collected from two ecologically diverse biotopes undergoing disparate long-term climate condition. High-throughput real time PCR confirmed high prevalence of microorganisms detected in sympatrically occurring ticks species.D. reticulatusspecimens were the most often infected withFrancisella-like endosymbiont (FLE) (up to 100.0%) andRickettsiaspp. (up to 91.7%), while in case ofI. ricinusthe prevalence of Borreliaceae spirochetes reached up to 25.0%. Moreover, pathogens belonging to genera ofBartonella,Anaplasma,EhrlichiaandBabesiawere detected in both tick species regardless the biotope. On the other hand,Neoehrlichia mikurensiswas conformed only inI. ricinusin the forest biotope, while genetic material ofTheileriaspp. was found only inD. reticulatuscollected from the meadow. Our study confirmed significant impact of biotope type on prevalence of representatives of Borreliaceae and Rickettsiaceae families. The most common co-infection detected inD. reticulatuswasRickettsiaspp. + FLE, while Borreliaceae + R. helveticawas the most common inI. ricinus. Additionally, we found significant genetic diversity ofR. raoultii gltAgene across studied years, however such relationship was not observed in ticks from studied biotopes. Our results suggest that ecological type of biotope undergoing disparate long-term climate conditions have an impact on prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in adultD. reticulatusandI. ricinus.
Effectiveness of creating digital twins with different digital dentition models and cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Lee Joo-Hee , Lee Hye-Lim , Park In-Young , On Sung-Woon , Byun Soo-Hwan , Yang Byoung-Eun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDistortion of dentition may occur in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans due to artifacts, and further imaging is frequently required to produce digital twins. The use of a plaster model is common; however, it has certain drawbacks. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of different digital dentition models over that of plaster casts. Plaster models, alginate impressions, intraoral scan (IOS) images, and CBCT images of 20 patients were obtained. The desktop model scanner was used to scan the alginate impression twice, five minutes and two hours after impression-making. Using an IOS, the full arch was scanned in segments using CS 3600 and simultaneously with i700 wireless. The digital twins obtained from the alginate impression and IOS were superimposed with those obtained from the plaster cast. The differences and distances at each reference point were measured. Scans of alginate impressions after two hours showed the greatest discrepancies, but these were all less than the CBCT voxel size of 0.39 mm. Alginate impression scans and IOS are suitable supplements to CBCT compared to the plaster model. Accuracy can be improved by scanning the alginate impression within five minutes or by intraoral scanning of the entire arch with segmentation.
Developmental models of motor-evoked potential features by transcranial magnetic stimulation across age groups from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Nguyen Dao T. A. , Julkunen Petro , Säisänen Laura , Määttä Sara , Rissanen Saara M. , Lintu Niina , Könönen Mervi , Lakka Timo , Karjalainen Pasi A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo derive the maturation of neurophysiological processes from childhood to adulthood reflected by the change of motor-evoked potential (MEP) features. 38 participants were recruited from four groups (age mean in years [SD in months], number (males)): children (7.3 [4.2], 7(4)), preadolescents (10.3 [6.9], 10(5)), adolescents (15.3 [9.8], 11(5)), and adults (26.9 [46.2], 10(5)). The navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed on both hemispheres at seven stimulation intensity (SI) levels from sub- to supra-threshold and targeted to the representative cortical area of abductor pollicis brevis muscle. MEPs were measured from three hand- and two forearm-muscles. The input–output (I/O) curves of MEP features across age groups were constructed using linear mixed-effect models. Age and SI significantly affected MEP features, whereas the stimulated side had a minor impact. MEP size and duration increased from childhood to adulthood. MEP onset- and peak-latency dropped in adolescence, particularly in hand muscles. Children had the smallest MEPs with the highest polyphasia, whereas I/O curves were similar among preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. This study illustrates some of the changing patterns of MEP features across the ages, suggesting developing patterns of neurophysiological processes activated by TMS, and to motivate studies with larger sample size.
An emerging Asian aerosol dipole pattern reshapes the Asian summer monsoon and exacerbates northern hemisphere warming
Authors: Xiang Baoqiang , Xie Shang-Ping , Kang Sarah M. , Kramer Ryan J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the early 2010s, anthropogenic aerosols have started decreasing in East Asia (EA) while have continued to increase in South Asia (SA). Yet the climate impacts of this Asian aerosol dipole (AAD) pattern remain largely unknown. Using a state-of-the-art climate model, we demonstrate that the climate response is distinctly different between the SA aerosol increases and EA aerosol decreases. The SA aerosol increases lead to ~2.7 times stronger land summer precipitation change within the forced regions than the EA aerosol decreases. Contrastingly, the SA aerosol increases, within the tropical monsoon regime, produce weak and tropically confined responses, while the EA aerosol decreases yield a pronounced northern hemisphere warming aided by extratropical mean westerly and positive air-sea feedbacks over the western North Pacific. By scaling the observed instantaneous shortwave radiative forcing, we reveal that the recent AAD induces a pronounced northern hemisphere extratropical (beyond 30°N) warming (0.024 ± 0.010 °C decade−1), particularly over Europe (0.049 ± 0.009 °C decade−1). These findings highlight the importance of the pattern effect of forcings in driving global climate and have important implications for decadal prediction.
CRISPR prime editing for unconstrained correction of oncogenic KRAS variants
Authors: Jang Gayoung , Kweon Jiyeon , Kim Yongsub 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKRAS is the most commonly mutated RAS family gene and is a primary cause of the occurrence of several types of cancer. However, KRAS mutations have several unique and diverse molecular identities, making it difficult to find specific treatments. Here, we developed universal pegRNAs which can correct all types of G12 and G13 oncogenic KRAS mutations with CRISPR-mediated prime editors (PEs). The universal pegRNA successfully corrected 12 types of KRAS mutations, accounting for 94% of all known KRAS mutations, by up to 54.8% correction frequency in HEK293T/17 cells. We also applied the universal pegRNA to correct endogenous KRAS mutations in human cancer cells and found that G13D KRAS mutation was successfully corrected to wild-type KRAS sequences with up to 40.6% correction frequency without indel mutations. We propose prime editing with the universal pegRNA as a ‘one–to–many’ potential therapeutic strategy for KRAS oncogene variants.
Integrin-mediated electric axon guidance underlying optic nerve formation in the embryonic chick retina
Authors: Yamashita Masayuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRetinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons converge on the optic disc to form an optic nerve. However, the mechanism of RGC axon convergence remains elusive. In the embryonic retina, an electric field (EF) exists and this EF converges on the future optic disc. EFs have been demonstrated in vitro to orient axons toward the cathode. Here, I show that the EF directs RGC axons through integrin in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner. The cathodal growth of embryonic chick RGC axons, which express integrin α6β1, was enhanced by monoclonal anti-chicken integrin β1 antibodies. Mn2+ abolished these EF effects, as Mn2+ occupies the Ca2+-dependent negative regulatory site in the β1 subunit to eliminate Ca2+ inhibition. The present study proposes an integrin-mediated electric axon steering model, which involves directional Ca2+ movements and asymmetric microtubule stabilization. Since neuroepithelial cells generate EFs during neurogenesis, electric axon guidance may primarily be used in central nervous system development.
Optogenetic control of migration of contractile cells predicted by an active gel model
Authors: Drozdowski Oliver M. , Ziebert Falko , Schwarz Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCell crawling on flat substrates stems from intracellular flows of the actin cytoskeleton that are driven by both actin polymerization at the front and myosin contractility at the back. Optogenetics makes it experimentally possible to spatially control contraction and possibly cell migration too. Here we theoretically analyze this situation using a one-dimensional active gel model that reflects the property of myosin II to assemble into minifilaments. Our model predicts bistability between sessile and motile solutions when cell adhesion and contractility are sufficiently large and in balance. We show that one can switch between the different states at realistic parameter values via optogenetic activation or inhibition of contractility, in agreement with recent experiments performed for neutrophils in microchannels. We predict the required activation strengths and initiation times, compare the effects of local and global increases of myosin II levels, and show that actin polymerization alone can affect a switch in direction only at high strength.
A magnetically-induced Coulomb gap in graphene due to electron-electron interactions
Authors: Vdovin Evgenii E. , Greenaway Mark T. , Khanin Yurii N. , Morozov Sergey V. , Makarovsky Oleg , Patanè Amalia , Mishchenko Artem , Slizovskiy Sergey , Fal’ko Vladimir I. , Geim Andre K. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Eaves Laurence 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInsights into the fundamental properties of graphene’s Dirac-Weyl fermions have emerged from studies of electron tunnelling transistors in which an atomically thin layer of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is sandwiched between two layers of high purity graphene. Here, we show that when a single defect is present within the hBN tunnel barrier, it can inject electrons into the graphene layers and its sharply defined energy level acts as a high resolution spectroscopic probe of electron-electron interactions in graphene. We report a magnetic field dependent suppression of the tunnel current flowing through a single defect below temperatures of ~2 K. This is attributed to the formation of a magnetically-induced Coulomb gap in the spectral density of electrons tunnelling into graphene due to electron-electron interactions.
Anthropogenic warming has exacerbated droughts in southern Europe since the 1850s
Authors: An Wenling , Xu Chenxi , Marković Slobodan B. , Sun Shanlei , Sun Yue , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , Govedar Zoran , Hao Qingzhen , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWidespread and frequent droughts have affected most parts of Europe over recent years, but it remains unclear when this synchronous drying trend began and how it has been influenced by anthropogenic forcing. Here we reconstruct and explore the history of drought in southern Europe over the past 300 years using an annual record of tree-ring oxygen isotopes from a site in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The reconstruction suggests that the onset of the drying trend in southern Europe occurred around the 1850s, which is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the extensive and long-lasting drying across central and western European areas. The evidence from CMIP6 model and reanalysis data demonstrates that anthropogenic warming has enhanced the strength of land–atmosphere coupling and exacerbated the widespread drying trend since the 1850s.
Transition Metal-containing Dendrimers in Biomedicine
Authors: Abd-El-Aziz Alaa S , Youssef Amal M , Abd-El-Aziz Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

There has been increasing research into designing transition metal-containing dendrimers as innovative materials, especially in the field of biomedicine and pharmaceutical science. They have applications in biosensors and drug-delivery systems, and are now one of the leading classes in the design of therapeutics for drug-resistant diseases.
This book introduces readers to a number of classes of metal-containing dendrimers, before moving onto their design and synthesis. Their applications in biomedicine are then discussed, before highlighting future research targets in this growing field. It emphasizes the synthetic strategies to design transition metal-containing dendrimers, and discusses the type of laboratory work used to examine these types of dendrimers in the fields of medicine and pharmacology, including their antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities.
Transition Metal-Containing Dendrimers in Biomedicine brings chemistry, biology, pharmaceutical science and medical fields together to design these future materials which will have global benefits.
The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans
Authors: Mrowicka Małgorzata , Mrowicki Jerzy , Dragan Grzegorz , Majsterek Ireneusz 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Thiamine (thiamin, B1) is a vitamin necessary for proper cell function. It exists in a free form as a thiamine, or as a mono-, di- or triphosphate. Thiamine plays a special role in the body as a coenzyme necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. In addition, it participates in the cellular respiration and oxidation of fatty acids: in malnourished people, high doses of glucose result in acute thiamine deficiency. It also participates in energy production in the mitochondria and protein synthesis. In addition, it is also needed to ensure the proper functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, where it is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. Its deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, lactate and pyruvate accumulation, and consequently to focal thalamic degeneration, manifested as Wernicke’s encephalopathy or Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome. It can also lead to severe or even fatal neurologic and cardiovascular complications, including heart failure, neuropathy leading to ataxia and paralysis, confusion, or delirium. The most common risk factor for thiamine deficiency is alcohol abuse.
This paper presents current knowledge of the biological functions of thiamine, its antioxidant properties, and the effects of its deficiency in the body.
Intelligibility in Context Scale: Growth Curves for Typically Developing English-Speaking Children Between Ages 2;6 and 9;11
Authors: Soriano Jennifer U. , Mahr Tristan J. , Rathouz Paul J. , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to quantify the clinical utility of the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) English version by characterizing the growth patterns of the ICS composite scores and seven ICS individual item scores of typically developing American English–speaking children.

Method:
Parents of 545 typically developing children aged 2;6–9;11 (years;months) completed the ICS. Using a proportional odds model, we regressed ICS composite scores on age and computed for model-estimated mean and lower quantile ICS composite scores. Logistic regression and proportional odds modeling were utilized to quantify the relationship of individual ICS items and age.

Results:
ICS composite scores of typically developing children changed with age, but change was small and incremental, with scores compressed between 3 and 5 across the range of ages. An average child (i.e., on the 50th percentile) is expected to have an ICS composite score of 4 beginning at 3;0 and an ICS composite score of 5 by 6;6. On average, parents gave different intelligibility ratings based on communicative partners, and the rating differences between communicative partners decreased with age.

Conclusions:
Given that ICS scores increase with age, the expected score for average children also increases. A child's age is a main factor for interpreting ICS scores.
Neural and Behavioral Differences in Speech Perception for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Within an Audiovisual Context
Authors: Irwin Julia , Harwood Vanessa , Kleinman Daniel , Baron Alisa , Avery Trey , Turcios Jacqueline , Landi Nicole 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Reduced use of visible articulatory information on a speaker's face has been implicated as a possible contributor to language deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We employ an audiovisual (AV) phonemic restoration paradigm to measure behavioral performance (button press) and event-related potentials (ERPs) of visual speech perception in children with ASD and their neurotypical peers to assess potential neural substrates that contribute to group differences.

Method:

Two sets of speech stimuli, /ba/–“/a/” (“/a/” was created from the /ba/ token by a reducing the initial consonant) and /ba/–/pa/, were presented within an auditory oddball paradigm to children aged 6–13 years with ASD (
n
= 17) and typical development (TD;
n
= 33) within two conditions. The AV condition contained a fully visible speaking face; the pixelated (PX) condition included a face, but the mouth and jaw were PX, removing all articulatory information. When articulatory features were present for the /ba/–“/a/” contrast, it was expected that the influence of the visual articulators would facilitate a phonemic restoration effect in which “/a/” would be perceived as /ba/. ERPs were recorded during the experiment while children were required to press a button for the deviant sound for both sets of speech contrasts within both conditions.

Results:
Button press data revealed that TD children were more accurate in discriminating between /ba/–“/a/” and /ba/–/pa/ contrasts in the PX condition relative to the ASD group. ERPs in response to the /ba/–/pa/ contrast within both AV and PX conditions differed between children with ASD and TD children (earlier P300 responses for children with ASD).

Conclusion:
Children with ASD differ in the underlying neural mechanisms responsible for speech processing compared with TD peers within an AV context.