bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropometry of deep-set eyes with respect to difficulty in docking during femtosecond laser procedures
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Rani Deeksha , Rathod Aishwarya , Nathiya Venkatesh , Nayak Shreya , Pujari Amar , Kumar Saumya , Sharma Tushar 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To identify the facial anthropometric parameters that predict the difficulty during femtosecond (FS) laser.

Methods:
This was a single-center observational study was conducted on participants between the ages 18 and 30 years who were planned for FS-LASIK (femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis) or SMILE (small incision lenticule extraction) at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. The front and side-facing images of the participants were analyzed using Image J software to measure different anthropometric parameters. The nasal bridge index, facial convexity, and other parameters were measured. The difficulty faced by the surgeon during docking was recorded for each subject. The data were analyzed on Stata 14.

Results:
A total of 97 subjects were included. The mean age was 24 (±7) years. Twenty-three (23.71%) subjects were females while the rest were males. Difficulty in docking was seen in 1 (4.34%) female and 14 (19%) males. The mean nasal bridge index was 92.58 (±4.01) in subjects with deep-set eyes and 89.72 (±4.30) in normal subjects. The mean total facial convexity was 129.28 (±4.24) in deep-set eyes, and 140.23 (±4.74) in normal subjects.

Conclusion:
Total facial convexity appeared as the most important feature, with the value being less than 133° in most subjects with unfavorable facial anthropometry.
Comparative study of small incision refractive lenticule extraction with 5 mm versus 6.5 mm optic zone for myopia
Authors: Ladi Jeevan S , Gaikwad Anita , Shah Nitant A 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To compare residual stromal thickness (RST) in eyes undergoing small incision refractive lenticule extraction (SMILE) using a lenticular diameter of 6.5 mm versus those with a diameter of 5 mm.

Methods:
In this retrospective comparative case series, consecutive patients who underwent SMILE between 2016 and 2021 with at least 6 months of follow-up were included. Preoperative best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), refractive error, contrast sensitivity, central corneal thickness, keratometry, higher order aberrations, and scotopic pupil size were recorded using a Placido disk topography with Sheimpflug tomography-based system. Patients underwent SMILE with a lenticular diameter of 6.5 mm until 2018 (n = 372 eyes). Thereafter, the lenticular diameter was reduced to 5 mm (n = 318). The RST, postoperative refraction, aberrations, subjective glare, and halos were compared across groups at 1 and 6 months.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 26.8 ± 5.8 years with a mean preoperative spherical equivalent of −4.48 D ± 2.16 D (range: −0.75 to −12.25 D) and mean scotopic pupil of 3.7 ± 0.75 mm. Eyes in the 5 mm group had 30.6 m (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28 to 33 m, P < 0.001) greater RST compared to the 6.5 mm group after adjusting for spherical equivalent and preoperative pachymetry. There were no differences in vision, contrast sensitivity, aberrations (wavefront error of 0.19 ± 0.2 vs. 0.25 ± 0.2, P = 0.19) or glare between the two groups.

Conclusion:
SMILE performed with a lenticular diameter of 5 mm leads to greater RST across the myopic range, but without inducing significant higher-order aberrations.
Clinical profile and demographic distribution of pseudoexfoliation syndrome: An electronic medical record-driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India
Authors: Warjri Gazella Bruce , Das Anthony Vipin , Senthil Sirisha 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:To describe the demographics and clinical profile of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF or PES) in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India.Methods:This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of PXF in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system.Results:Overall, 23,223 (0.75%) patients were diagnosed with PXF. The majority of the patients were male (67.08%) and had unilateral (60.96%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the seventh decade of life with 9,495 (40.89%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a lower socio-economic status (1.48%) presenting from the urban geography (0.84%) and in retired individuals (3.61%). The most common location of the PXF material was the pupillary margin (81.01%) followed by the iris (19.15%). The majority of the eyes had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70) in 12,962 (40.14%) eyes. PXF glaucoma was documented in 7,954 (24.63%) eyes. Krukenberg’s spindle was found in 64 (0.20%) eyes, phacodonesis in 328 (1.02%) eyes, and lens subluxation in 299 (0.93%) eyes. Among the surgical interventions, cataract surgery was performed in 8,363 (25.9%) eyes, trabeculectomy was performed in 966 (2.99%) eyes, and a combined procedure in 822 (2.55%) eyes.Conclusion:PXF more commonly affects males presenting during the seventh decade of life from lower socio-economic status and is predominantly unilateral. A quarter of the affected eyes are associated with glaucoma and the majority of the eyes have mild or no visual impairment.
Characteristics of tear meniscus using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography in medically controlled glaucoma
Authors: Dutta Pritam , Kalita Pronob , Bardoloi Narayan 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To compare the tear meniscus height (TMH) and tear meniscus depth (TMD) between medically controlled glaucoma subjects and age-matched controls.

Methods:
This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study included 50 patients with medically controlled glaucoma and 50 age-matched controls. Glaucoma subjects using topical medications for the duration of more than 1 year were included. The age-matched controls were participants with no history of glaucoma, dry eye, or any other diseases affecting the ocular surface. All the participants underwent TMH and TMD scan using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), which was followed by ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire administration.

Results:
The mean ages of glaucoma subjects and age-matched controls were 40 ± 22 and 39 ± 21 years, respectively (P > 0.05). Of them, 40% (n = 22) were on single drug therapy or monotherapy and 60% (n = 28) were on multidrug therapy. TMH and TMD of glaucoma subjects and age-matched controls were 101.27 ± 31.86 versus 230.63 ± 49.82 μm and 70.60 ± 27.41 versus 167.37 ± 57.06 μm, respectively. Subjects on multidrug therapy showed a statistically significant reduction in TMH and TMD when compared to age-matched controls.

Conclusion:
Preservative containing topical glaucoma medications affects the ocular surface, including the tear film. The prolonged duration and multiple combination of this drug usage serve as potential factors for causing reduction in the tear meniscus levels leading to drug-induced dryness.
Occurrence and subsequent development of vertical deviations in patients treated surgically for infantile esotropia
Authors: Sharma Manasvini , Ganjoo Sharika , Ganesh Suma 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the onset of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) and inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), their subsequent development, and their correlation with pre and postoperative parameters.

Methods:
Medical records of patients with infantile esotropia who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. DVD and IOOA were measured before and after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups based on horizontal and vertical deviation at the time of presentation: those with infantile esotropia only (group A) and patients with infantile esotropia who developed vertical deviation (group B).

Results:
Out of a total of 102 patients, DVD occurrence was seen in 53 patients (51.9%) and IOOA was seen in 50 patients (48.04%). DVD was seen in 22 patients at the time of initial examination and in 31 patients postoperatively. IOOA at presentation was seen in 45 patients (44.1%) and 5 patients (8.8%) postoperatively. No statistical difference was found in the age of surgery, angle of deviation, mean follow-up, and mean refractive error within both groups. The postoperative motor outcome was statistically comparable between the two groups (P = 0.29). Sensory outcomes of fusion (P = 0.048) and stereopsis (P-value = 0.00063) were better in group A.

Conclusion:
No correlation was found between the age of occurrence and development of vertical deviation with refractive error, angle of deviation, age, or type of surgery. We found that motor outcomes are not affected but sensory outcomes are affected in patients with vertical deviations. This indicates that DVD and IOOA are developed due to inherent disruption of fusion and stereopsis.
Efficacy of low-vision devices in elderly population with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Singh Kirti , Singh Arshi , Chaudury Priyanka , Jain Divya 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness, residual damage to macular area in spite of treatment necessitates visual rehabilitation by means of low-vision aids (LVAs).

Methods:
Thirty patients suffering from different stages of AMD requiring LVAs were included in this prospective study. Patients with nonprogressive, adequately treated AMD were enrolled over a 12-month period, prescribed requisite LVAs and followed-up for a minimum 1-month period. Before and after provision of LVAs, near work efficiencies were evaluated by calculating reading speed as words per minute (wpm) under both photopic and mesopic light conditions, and impact of poor vision on activities of daily living (ADL) was quantified by modified standard questionnaire based on Nhung X et al. questionnaire.

Results:
Of the 30 patients mean studied with mean age of 68 ± 10 years, 20 patients (66.7%) had dry AMD in better eye and 10 (33.3%) had wet AMD. Post-LVA, near visual acuity improved significantly and all cases were able to read some letters on near vision chart with an average improvement of 2.4 ± 0.96 lines. The different LVAs prescribed were high plus reading spectacles (up to 10 D) in 23.3%, hand-held magnifiers in 53.3%, base in prisms in 10%, stand held magnifiers in 6.7%, and bar and dome magnifiers in 3.3%.

Conclusion:
LVAs are effective in visual rehabilitation in patients with AMD. Self-reported reduction in visual dependency and improvement in vision-related quality of life post use of aids corroborated perceived benefit.
Prevalence of and Work-Related Factors Associated with Sickness Presenteeism among Nursing Care Providers in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Bangalore City: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Varghese Suman S. , Gnanaselvam Nancy A. , Joseph Bobby 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Sickness presenteeism is a phenomenon where “workers go to work when ill.” The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and work-related factors associated with presenteeism among nursing care providers in selected tertiary hospitals in Bangalore city.

Methodology:
Participants were selected using stratified sampling followed by simple random sampling. A questionnaire was designed to capture socio-demographic information, sickness-related behavior, performance-based self-esteem (PBSE), and selected work-related characteristics.

Results:
A total of 357 participants were enrolled in the study, 274 were staff nurses (S/N) and 83 were nursing assistants (N/A). About 75% of the participants reported presenteeism at least once in the last year, two-fifths did so in the last 4 weeks and nearly 15% were sick on the day of the interview. The mean Stanford Sickness Presenteeism Scale-6 score was 18.49 ± 3.84. The most frequent reason for presenteeism was “perceived mildness of the disease.” In bivariate analysis, those who were younger, male, had children, higher qualifications, chronic ailment/s, financial commitments, lesser work experience, and higher PBSE had higher presenteeism scores. When introduced into a linear regression model, those S/N who had children [Standardized coefficient = 0.23 (0.40–1.97)], higher PBSE scores [Standardized coefficient = 0.385 (0.15–2.55)], and reported sickness absenteeism in the preceding 4 weeks [Standardized coefficient = 0.136 (0.12–1.01)] were significantly associated with higher presenteeism scores. Those N/A who had lesser work experience had higher presenteeism scores [Standardized coefficient = −0.33 (−0.02–−0.004)].

Conclusion:
Presenteeism is a common phenomenon among nursing care providers. It is imperative that both employers and employees be educated about its ill effects on the individual, fellow staff, and patients, followed by the adoption of preventive measures.
A Comparative Study to Explore Static and Dynamic Lung Functions in Users and Non-Users of Air Conditioners in Bengaluru
Authors: Agrawal Megha , Devi MS Kusuma 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Air conditioners (AC) have become indispensable in the contemporary World. However, their effects on respiratory health need to be explored further using dynamic and static lung functions.

Objectives:
The objectives were: 1. To evaluate and compare dynamic parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, and FEF25-75) in AC users and non-users of Bengaluru. 2. To evaluate and compare airway resistance and specific airway conductance as additional parameters.

Materials and Methods:
After applying ATS-ERS criteria for lung disorders, 30 AC users and non-users of Bengaluru, aged 18-40 yrs were assessed using body plethysmography. A significant association of restrictive pattern was seen in AC users (9 AC users out of 60 participants, Chi-square 8.37, P = 0.0038) having an Odd’s ratio of 26.95 (CI: 1.4876 to 488.3558, Z = 2.229, P = 0.0258). Airway resistance (Raw) was comparable in both groups further indicating a non-obstructive pathology.

Conclusion:
AC users had a significant decrease in flow rates (PEFR and FEF25-75) as well as an association with restrictive lung disorder suggesting the need for proper ventilation and hygiene. It is crucial to develop policies to maintain indoor air quality.
Electronic dental anesthesia: A magic wand in dentistry
Authors: N Prakash , Melath Anil , K Subair , M R Arjun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Anesthesia is commonly practiced for minor and major surgical procedures in periodontology. But the patient’s fear of getting anesthetized by injection needs to be addressed, especially for children. So, in this article we throw some light on electronic dental anesthesia that will be chemical-free and no fear of needles involved.
Development and validation of “Knowledge on screening and identification of mental illness (KSIM) questionnaire” among primary care nurses in India
Authors: Paul James , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Thakur Monika , Manjunatha Narayana 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
As stated in the World Health Organization's Mental Health Report 2022, 13%, or almost a billion people, had a mental health issue, and 82% of these people resided in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to mental health treatments. Successful integration of mental health services into primary healthcare depends on primary healthcare providers receiving the proper training and information required to provide basic mental health care in the community. Primary care nurses generally lack the confidence and skills to handle mental health issues while being in an excellent position to screen, identify, refer, and follow-up on a person with mental illness (PMI). The study aimed to develop and validate the KSIM questionnaire to assess the knowledge of primary care nurses in screening, identifying, referral, and follow-up persons with mental health issues in the community.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was conducted based on a sequential exploratory design in two phases: the development and the validation phases. An extensive literature search was done, and the themes derived from the two focus group discussion (FGD) and three direct interviews, and the inputs from the mental health experts were used to design the KSIM questionnaire. A panel of 17 experts validated the KSIM questionnaire through item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI (S-CVI) for content validation, and the reliability test was done using the intraclass correlation coefficient ICC test–retest method.

RESULTS:
The draft version-1 of the KSIM questionnaire showed high content validity of individual items (I-CVI range: 0.82–1.00) and high overall content validity (S-CVI = 0.95), and suggestions from the experts were incorporated. The KSIM questionnaire consists of 30 multiple choice questions and 10 case vignettes. The KSIM questionnaire has a very good test–retest reliability using the single measure two-way mixed absolute agreement ICC value 0.97 with 95% CI.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using an iterative approach, the development and validation of the KSIM questionnaire demonstrated high I-CVI and S-CVI with good ICC test-retest reliability to assess the knowledge of primary care nurses on screening and identification, referral and follow-up of a PMI in the community. Primary care nurses' knowledge on how to screen for and identify people with mental health issues in the primary care setting can be evaluated with the help of the KSIM questionnaire, and providing need-based training may help to reduce the time taken for people with mental illness to receive professional help.
Effectiveness of structured teaching program on parents' knowledge about child physical abuse
Authors: Verma Anamika , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Ramu Rajalakshmi , Thomas Bino 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
The issue of child physical abuse (CPA) is complex and challenging to study. According to World Health Organization fact sheets for 2020, about 3 in 4 children between 2 and 4 years of age regularly face physical maltreatment by parents or caregivers. It may cause a lifelong impact on physical and mental health.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the parents' knowledge and to evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching program (STP) regarding child physical abuse (CPA) among parents.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:
The pre-experimental, “One-group Pre-test Post-test design” was adopted for this study. Parents of children who were admitted for treatment in the child psychiatry centre (CPC) of a tertiary care referral center between January 2019 and January 2020 were recruited for this study. Thirty parents were recruited with a convenience sampling technique. The study was conducted through an online platform (Zoom). Pre-test and post-tests were conducted through Google survey form. Data were collected with a self-developed knowledge questionnaire on CAP. An online structured teaching program (STP) was administered for three alternative days after the pre-test assessment. The post-test assessment was conducted at a two-point time, that is immediately after the STP and after the one-week gap. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:
The pre-test knowledge assessment means score regarding child physical abuse was found to be 12, with a standard deviation of 1.73. In the post-test one, 17.30 ± 1.39 and in the post-test two, 16 ± 1.55 with P < 0.001. Analysis revealed statistically significant improvement was found in the post-test knowledge regarding child physical abuse among the parents. There was no significant (p < 0.05) relationship found between the socio-demographic variables of the participants and their pre-intervention knowledge scores on child physical abuse.

CONCLUSIONS:
The study findings reveal that parents have a fair knowledge of CPA and the STP was effective and feasible to administer in improving the subjects' knowledge regarding child physical abuse.
Awareness and acceptance of teleclinic services during COVID-19 in the general population in Riyadh: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Alzahrani Hayat S. , Alharbi Sarah A. , Alsadan Yara I. , Alghosn Nouf S. , Almazyad Sarah M. , Alotaibi Nowayer , Almansour Mohammed , Aldossari Khaled K. , Demyati Eyad , Abulreesh Razan Y. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
The first COVID-19 case in Saudi Arabia was reported on March 2, 2020. The Saudi government introduced the “937” service number as one of the telemedicine services for COVID-19 information. Telemedicine uses telecommunication and information technologies in the medical field to deliver healthcare services and improve patients' health status. This study aims to estimate the frequency of teleclinics usage during COVID-19, assess awareness of teleclinics, and assess acceptance of teleclinics during COVID-19 in the Saudi population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The cross-sectional study used a convenient sample encompassing the 1,583 Saudi and non-Saudi adult population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and was conducted online between August 2020 and April 2021. A self-administrated online questionnaire was distributed to all participants and data were collected on sociodemographics, knowledge of use of teleclinics, and its acceptance. Analysis of quantitative data by t-test and association of qualitative variables by Chi-square test was conducted. Regression analysis was performed on the significant values of univariate analysis. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25.

RESULTS:
Most (92.5%) participants were female and had a university education (65.9%). The main reason for using teleclinic was experiencing a new complaint (27.3%), next, for medications refill (13.2%), with COVID-19–related issues being the least common reason for using teleclinic (8.2%). The result shows that 77.1% of participants had a good level of acceptance of teleclinic. The regression analysis showed that number of teleclinics utilization, as an advantage it is more convenient, and recommending this service to someone else was significantly associated with acceptance of teleclinics in future.

CONCLUSION:
As per the findings, the experience of using teleclinic positively impacts the level of acceptance of teleclinic among the population. The adoption of telemedicine for healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic helped limit the spread of the infection and reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19 for both patients and healthcare providers. In the future, telemedicine can be used as an alternative to minor complaints and follow-up checkups. In this way, the burden of healthcare system can also be overcome.