bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In patients with combined clavicle and multiple rib fractures, does fracture fixation of the clavicle improve clinical outcomes? A multicenter prospective cohort study of 232 patients
Authors: Hoepelman Ruben J. , van der Linde Rens A. , Beeres Frank J.P. , Beks Reinier B. , Sweet Arthur A.R. , Lansink Koen W.W. , van Wageningen Bas , Tromp Tjarda N. , Minervini Fabrizio , Link Björn-Christian , van Veelen Nicole M. , Hoogendoorn Jochem M. , de Jong Mirjam B. , van Baal Mark C.P. , Leenen Luke P.H. , Groenwold Rolf H.H. , Houwert Roderick M. , IJpma Frank F. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Clavicle and rib fractures are often sustained concomitantly. The combination of injuries may result in decreased stability of the chest wall, making these patients prone to (respiratory) complications and prolonged hospitalization. This study aimed to assess whether adding chest wall stability by performing clavicle fixation improves clinical outcomes in patients with concurrent clavicle and rib fractures.

METHODS
A prospective multicenter study was performed including all adult patients admitted between January 2018 and March 2021 with concurrent ipsilateral clavicle and rib fractures. Patients treated operatively versus nonoperatively for their clavicle fracture were matched using propensity score matching. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (HLOS). Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, pain, complications, and quality of life at 6 weeks and 12 months of follow-up.

RESULTS
In total, 232 patients with concomitant ipsilateral clavicle and rib fractures were included. Fifty-two patients (22%) underwent operative treatment of which 39 could be adequately matched to 39 nonoperatively treated patients. No association was observed between clavicle plate fixation and HLOS (mean difference, 2.3 days; 95% confidence interval, −2.1 to 6.8; p = 0.301) or any secondary endpoint. Eight of the 180 nonoperatively treated patients (4%) had a symptomatic nonunion, for which 5 underwent secondary clavicle fixation.

CONCLUSION
We found no evidence that, in patients with combined clavicle and multiple rib fractures, plate fixation of the clavicle reduces HLOS, pain, or (pulmonary) complications, nor that it improves quality of life.

STUDY TYPE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Promoting post discharge telephone follow-up of patients with transurethral resection for bladder cancer: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Talebpour Amin , Kabiri Neda , Ahmadian Niloufar , Soleimanzadeh Farzin , Behbahani Zahereh , Salehi-Pourmehr Hanieh 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction and objectives:
Telephone follow-up (TFU) is a method that can be recommended for patients with chronic disease, including patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB). This project aimed to improve postdischarge TFU of patients with TURB in a tertiary care system and referral system in Tabriz, Iran.

Methods:
This evidence implementation project used the JBI evidence implementation framework. Two audit criteria were used. A baseline audit was conducted, followed by the implementation of multiple strategies. The project was finalized with a follow-up audit to evaluate changes in practice.

Results:
The aggregated data collated from the urology ward demonstrated that all criteria had achieved 0% compliance in the baseline audit round. Strategies such as patient education about TFU, educational pamphlets developed according to the latest validated guidelines, and a mobile app for education material about bladder cancer, diagnosis, management, and follow-up were implemented. The Phase 3 follow-up showed an 88% increase in compliance with staff education about the postdischarge TFU as a component of comprehensive discharge planning and a 22% achievement of timely patient follow-up by telephone.

Conclusions:
A clinical audit is an effective approach to promoting postdischarge TFU in bladder cancer cases following TURB. TFU for bladder cancer patients who underwent TURB is an optimal goal that is easily achieved through patient, nursing staff, and residents’ education using the latest guidelines.
Prevalence and determinants of not testing for HIV among young adult women in Papua New Guinea: findings from the 2016–2018 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Maviso McKenzie K. , Kalembo Fatch Welcome 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study investigated the factors associated with not ever testing for HIV among women aged 15–29 years in Papua New Guinea (PNG).Design and settingThe study used secondary data from the 2016–2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of PNG, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey that used a two-stage stratified sampling.ParticipantsA total weighed sample of 5,164 young adult women aged 15–29 years were included in the study.Primary outcome measureEver been tested for HIV was the primary outcome of the study. All analyses were adjusted using survey weights to account for unequal sampling probabilities.ResultsThe prevalence of not testing for HIV was 58.8% (95% CI: 57.4%, 60.1%). The mean age was 21.65 (SD ± 4.23) years. The majority (62.9%) of young adult women in rural areas were not tested for HIV. In the multivariable analysis, those who were never married (AOR: 4.9, 95% CI: 3.6–6.6), had poor wealth index (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3–2.5), from rural areas (AOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5–2.6), from the Momase region (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.7, did not read newspaper or magazine (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.1), did not listen to radio (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.0), experienced early sexual debut (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–1.9), had one sexual partner (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–2.0), and reported no STI in the past 12 months (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1) had higher odds of not testing for HIV.ConclusionsOur study found a very high unmet need for HIV testing among young adult women in PNG. Health promotion programmes should be designed to increase HIV knowledge and access to HIV testing services. Furthermore, efforts to optimise HIV testing services should target women who are disadvantaged and from rural areas.Strengths and limitations of this studyThis study used a nationally representative large sample of young adult women aged 15–29 years from the 2016–2018 PNGDHS; thus, the findings are generalisable to the entire population of this age group.The study provides much-needed data for strategic planning and programming to improve the health outcomes of young adult women in the country.This is a cross-sectional study, and as such, it is not possible to make causal inferences.The level of knowledge or awareness of where to get tested for HIV was not included in the analysis, and it remains unknown whether this variable contributes to the high proportion of respondents who remain unaware of their HIV status.Responses to the questions from respondents were self-reported, and this could have resulted in behavioural desirability bias.
Cohort Profile: Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID)
Authors: Elneima Omer , McAuley Hamish J C , Leavy Olivia C , Chalmers James D , Horsley Alex , Ho Ling-Pei , Marks Michael , Poinasamy Krisnah , Raman Betty , Shikotra Aarti , Singapuri Amisha , Sereno Marco , Harris Victoria C , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Saunders Ruth M , Greening Neil J , Richardson Matthew , Quint Jennifer K , Briggs Andrew , Docherty Annemarie B , Kerr Steven , Harrison Ewen M , Lone Nazir I , Thorpe Mathew , Heaney Liam G , Lewis Keir E , Aul Raminder , Beirne Paul , Bolton Charlotte E , Brown Jeremy S , Choudhury Gourab , Diar Bakerly Nawar , Easom Nicholas , Echevarria Carlos , Fuld Jonathan , Hart Nick , Hurst John R , Jones Mark G , Parekh Dhruv , Pfeffer Paul , Rahman Najib M , Rowland-Jones Sarah L , Thompson AA Roger , Jolley Caroline , Shah Ajay M , Wootton Dan G , Chalder Trudie , Davies Melanie J , De Soyza Anthony , Geddes John R , Greenhalf William , Heller Simon , Howard Luke S , Jacob Joseph , Jenkins R Gisli , Lord Janet M , Man William D-C , McCann Gerry P , Neubauer Stefan , Openshaw Peter JM , Porter Joanna C , Rowland Matthew J , Scott Janet T , Semple Malcolm G , Singh Sally J , Thomas David C , Toshner Mark , Sheikh Aziz , Brightling Christopher E , Wain Louise V , Evans Rachael A 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPHOSP-COVID is a national UK multi-centre cohort study of patients who were hospitalised for COVID-19 and subsequently discharged.PHOSP-COVID was established to investigate the medium- and long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation, understand the underlying mechanisms of these sequelae, evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of COVID-19 treatments, and to serve as a platform to enable future studies, including clinical trials.Data collected covered a wide range of physical measures, biological samples, and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).Participants could join the cohort either in Tier 1 only with remote data collection using hospital records, a PROMs app and postal saliva sample for DNA, or in Tier 2 where they were invited to attend two specific research visits for further data collection and biological research sampling. These research visits occurred at five (range 2-7) months and 12 (range 10-14) months post-discharge. Participants could also participate in specific nested studies (Tier 3) at selected sites.All participants were asked to consent to further follow-up for 25 years via linkage to their electronic healthcare records and to be re-contacted for further research.In total, 7935 participants were recruited from 83 UK sites: 5238 to Tier 1 and 2697 to Tier 2, between August 2020 and March 2022.Cohort data are held in a Trusted Research Environment and samples stored in a central biobank. Data and samples can be accessed upon request and subject to approvals.
Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 in PREVENT-19: A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Adults in the United States and Mexico
Authors: Áñez Germán , Kotloff Karen L. , Gay Cynthia L. , Nelson Joy , Dunbar Haoua , Cloney-Clark Shane , McGarry Alice , Woo Wayne , Cho Iksung , Plested Joyce S. , Glenn Gregory M. , Dunkle Lisa M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNVX-CoV2373, an adjuvanted, recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike (rS) protein vaccine, consistently demonstrated protective efficacy against COVID-19 in clinical trials and has received regulatory authorizations or approvals worldwide.MethodsPREVENT-19 (NCT04611802) is a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 in ≈30 000 participants ≥18 years in the United States and Mexico. Vaccine humoral immune response (ie, serum immunoglobulin [IgG] antibodies, hACE2 receptor binding inhibition antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2) (ancestral strain) was assessed in 1200 participants randomly selected and equally divided between participants 18–64 and ≥65 years.ResultsIn the per protocol analysis, NVX-CoV2373 induced vigorous serum antibody responses among the 1063 analyzed participants who were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline, received both doses of study treatment, and had serology results available 2 weeks after dose 2. Geometric mean (GM) responses in both younger and older adults were higher among recipients of vaccine versus placebo for IgG (64 259 vs 121 and 37 750 vs 133 ELISA units, respectively), hACE2 receptor binding inhibition GM titers (GMTs) (222 vs 5 and 136 vs 5, respectively), and neutralizing antibody GMTs (1303 vs 11 and 900 vs 11, respectively). Humoral responses were 30–40% lower in participants ≥65 years or HIV-positive; however, seroconversion rates were high and comparable between the age cohorts, regardless of HIV serostatus.ConclusionsNVX-CoV2373 elicited robust humoral immune responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus 2 weeks following the second vaccination in adult PREVENT-19 participants, consistent with previously reported high vaccine efficacy.PREVENT-19ClinicalTrials.govnumber,NCT04611802
Comparison of prehospital assessment by paramedics and in-hospital assessment by physicians in suspected stroke patients
Authors: Dekker Luuk , Daems Jasper D. , Duvekot Martijne H.C. , Nguyen T. Truc My , Venema Esmee , van Es Adriaan C.G.M. , Rozeman Anouk D. , Moudrous Walid , Dorresteijn Kirsten R.I.S. , Hensen Jan-Hein J. , Bosch Jan , van Zwet Erik W. , de Schryver Els L.L.M. , Kloos Loet M.H. , de Laat Karlijn F. , Aerden Leo A.M. , van den Wijngaard Ido R. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Kerkhoff Henk , Wermer Marieke J.H. , Roozenbeek Bob , Kruyt Nyika D. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is unknown if ambulance paramedics adequately assess neurological deficits used for prehospital stroke scales to detect anterior large-vessel occlusions. We aimed to compare prehospital assessment of these stroke-related deficits by paramedics with in-hospital assessment by physicians.MethodsWe used data from two prospective cohort studies: the Leiden Prehospital Stroke Study (LPSS) and PREhospital triage of patients with suspected STrOke (PRESTO) study. In both studies, paramedics scored 9 neurological deficits in stroke code patients in the field. Trained physicians scored the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at hospital presentation. Patients with transient ischemic attack were excluded because of the transient nature of symptoms. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) was used to assess correlation between the total prehospital assessment score, defined as the sum of all prehospital items, and the total NIHSS score. Correlation, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each prehospital item with the corresponding NIHSS item as reference.ResultsWe included 2850 stroke code patients. Of these, 1528 had ischemic stroke, 243 intracranial hemorrhage, and 1079 stroke mimics. Correlation between the total prehospital assessment score and NIHSS score was strong (rs=0.70; 95%CI: 0.68-0.72). Concerning individual items, prehospital assessment of arm (rs=0.68) and leg (rs=0.64) motor function correlated strongest with corresponding NIHSS items, and had highest sensitivity (arm 95%, leg 93%) and moderate specificity (arm 71%, leg 70%). Neglect (rs=0.31), abnormal speech (rs=0.50) and gaze deviation (rs=0.51) had weakest correlations. Neglect and gaze deviation had lowest sensitivity (52% and 66%) but high specificity (84% and 89%), whilst abnormal speech had high sensitivity (85%) but lowest specificity (65%).ConclusionsThe overall prehospital assessment of stroke code patients correlates strongly with in-hospital assessment. Prehospital assessment of neglect, abnormal speech and gaze deviation differed most from in-hospital assessment. Focused training on these deficits may improve prehospital triage.
Contact patterns of older adults with and without frailty in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Backer Jantien A , van de Kassteele Jan , Fakiri Fatima El , Hens Niel , Wallinga Jacco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures were imposed to protect the population from exposure, especially older adults and people with frailty, who have the highest risk for severe outcomes. These restrictions greatly reduced contacts in the general population, but little was known about behaviour changes among older adults and people with frailty themselves. Our aim was to quantify how COVID-19 measures affected the contact behaviour of older adults and how this differed between older adults with and without frailty.MethodsIn 2021, a contact survey was carried out among people aged 70 years and older in the Netherlands. A random sample of persons per age group (70–74, 75–79, 80–84, 85–89, and 90+) and gender was invited to participate, either during a period with stringent (April 2021) or moderate (October 2021) measures. Participants provided general information on themselves, including their frailty, and they reported characteristics of all persons with whom they had face-to-face contact on a given day over the course of a full week.ResultsIn total, 720 community-dwelling older adults were included (overall response rate of 15%), who reported 16,505 contacts. During the survey period with moderate measures, participants without frailty had significantly more contacts outside their household than participants with frailty. Especially for females, frailty was a more informative predictor of the number of contacts than age. During the survey period with stringent measures, participants with and without frailty had significantly lower numbers of contacts compared to the survey period with moderate measures. The reduction of the number of contacts was largest for the eldest participants without frailty. As they interact mostly with adults of a similar high age who are likely frail, this reduction of the number of contacts indirectly protects older adults with frailty from SARS-CoV-2 exposure.ConclusionsThe results of this study reveal that social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic differentially affected the contact patterns of older adults with and without frailty. The reduction of contacts may have led to the direct protection of older adults in general but also to the indirect protection of older adults with frailty.
Yes, it matters: in contrast to blood plasma, serum metabolomics is confounded by platelets
Authors: Hagn Gerhard , Meier-Menches Samuel M. , Plessl-Walder Günter , Mitra Gaurav , Mohr Thomas , Preindl Karin , Schlatter Andreas , Schmidl Doreen , Gerner Christopher , Garhöfer Gerhard , Bileck Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetabolomics is an emerging and powerful molecular profiling method supporting clinical investigations. For clinical metabolomics studies, serum is commonly used. Serum is collected after blood coagulation, a complex biochemical process involving active platelet metabolism. This may proof relevant as platelet counts and function may vary substantially in individuals. Applying a multi-omics analysis strategy comprising proteins and metabolites with a focus on lipid mediators, we systematically investigated serum and plasma obtained from the same healthy donors. While Biocrates MxP Quant 500 results correlated well (n=461, R2=0.991), lipid mediators (n=77, R2=0.906) and proteins (n=322, R2=0.860) differed substantially between serum and plasma. Actually, secretome analysis of activated platelets identified all proteins and most lipid mediators significantly enriched in serum when compared to plasma. Furthermore, a prospective, randomized, controlled parallel group metabolomics trial was performed, monitored by serum and plasma analyses. Healthy individuals received either acetylsalicylic acid, affecting platelets, or omega-3 fatty acids, hardly affecting platelets, for a period of seven days. In the acetylsalicylic acid group, serum analysis apparently demonstrated a significant drug-induced downregulation of the lipid mediators TXB2 and 12-HETE. The absence of these observation in plasma analyses suggested that these drug effects took place only during blood coagulation. Other effects of acetylsalicylic acid on alpha-linolenic acid and the fatty acid composition of triglycerides were detected both in serum and plasma. In the omega-3 fatty acid group, serum and plasma analysis results did not differ. These data strongly support the hypothesis that the serum metabolome is substantially confounded by platelets.Key pointsSerum metabolomics data are confounded by plateletsClinical evaluation of drug effects should be based on plasma metabolomics
Quantitative modeling of EGF receptor ligand discrimination via internalization proofreading
Authors: Leblanc Jaleesa A , Sugiyama Michael G , Antonescu Costin N , Brown Aidan I 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a central regulator of cell physiology that is stimulated by multiple distinct ligands. Although ligands bind to EGFR while the receptor is exposed on the plasma membrane, EGFR incorporation into endosomes following receptor internalization is an important aspect of EGFR signaling, with EGFR internalization behavior dependent upon the type of ligand bound. We develop quantitative modeling, both kinetic and with spatial details, for EGFR recruitment to and internalization from clathrin domains and competition with ligand unbinding from EGFR. We find that a combination of spatial and kinetic proofreading leads to enhanced EGFR internalization ratios in comparison to unbinding differences between ligand types. Various stages of the EGFR internalization process, including recruitment to and internalization from clathrin domains, modulate the internalization differences between receptors bound to different ligands. Our results indicate that following ligand binding, EGFR may encounter multiple clathrin domains before successful recruitment and internalization. The quantitative modeling we have developed describes competition between EGFR internalization and ligand unbinding and the resulting proofreading.
Identification of cytokine-predominant immunosuppressive class and prognostic risk signatures in glioma
Authors: Tian Ziyue , Yang Zhongyi , Jin Meng , Ding Ran , Wang Yuhan , Chai Yuying , Wu Jinpu , Yang Miao , Zhao Weimin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe advent of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies this year has changed the way glioblastoma (GBM) is treated. Meanwhile, some patients with strong PD-L1 expression remain immune checkpoint resistant. To better understand the molecular processes that influence the immune environment, there is an urgent need to characterize the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and identify biomarkers to predict patient survival outcomes.Patients and methodsOur study analyzed RNA-sequencing data from 178 GBM samples. Their unique gene expression patterns in the tumor microenvironment were analyzed by an unsupervised clustering algorithm. Through these expression patterns, a panel of T-cell exhaustion signatures, immunosuppressive cells, and clinical features correlates with immunotherapy response. The presence or absence of immune status and prognostic signatures was then validated with the test dataset.Results38.2% of GBM patients showed increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, significant enrichment of T cell exhaustion signals, higher proportion of immunosuppressive cells (macrophages and CD4 regulatory T cells) and nine inhibitory checkpoints (CTLA4, PDCD1, LAG3, BTLA, TIGIT, HAVCR2, IDO1, SIGLEC7, and VISTA). The immunodepleted class (IDC) was used to classify these immunocompromised individuals. Despite the high density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes shown by IDC, such patients have a poor prognosis. Although PD-L1 was highly expressed in IDC, it suggested that there might be ICB resistance. There are many IDC predictive signatures to discover.ConclusionPD-1 is strongly expressed in a novel immunosuppressive class of GBM, but this cluster may be resistant to ICB therapy. A comprehensive description of this drug-resistant tumor microenvironment could provide new insights into drug resistance mechanisms and improved immunotherapy techniques.