bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rapid rise of severe marine heat wave systems
Authors: Prochaska J Xavier , Beaulieu Claudie , Giamalaki Katerina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We introduce a new methodology to study marine heat waves (MHWs), extreme events in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the global ocean. Motivated by previously large and impactful MHWs and by theoretical expectation that the dominant heating processes coherently affect large regions of the ocean, we introduce a methodology from computer vision to construct marine heat wave systems (MWHSs) – the collation of SST extrema in dimensions of area and time. We identify 649 475 MHWSs in the 37 year period (1983–2019) of daily SST records and find that the duration

t

d
u
r

(days), maximum area

A

m
a
x

(km2), and total ‘volume’

V

M
H
W
S

(days km2) for the majority of MHWSs are well-described by power-law distributions:

t

d
u
r

−
3

,

A

m
a
x

−
2

and

V

M
H
W
S

−
2

. These characteristics confirm SST extrema exhibit strong spatial coherence that define the formation and evolution of MHWs. Furthermore, the most severe MHWSs deviate from these power-laws and are the dominant manifestation of MHWs: extrema in ocean heating are driven by the

∼

200

systems with largest area and duration. We further demonstrate that the previously purported rise in the incidence of MHW events over the past decade is only significant in these severe systems. A change point analysis reveals a rapid increase in days under a severe MHW in most regions of the global ocean over the period of 2000–2005. Understanding the origin and impacts of MHWs in the current and future ocean, therefore, should focus on the production and evolution of the largest-scale and longest-duration heating phenomena.
Association between traffic-related air pollution exposure and fertility-assisted births
Authors: Thampy Daphne , Vieira Verónica M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that traffic-related air pollution is associated with adverse fertility outcomes, such as reduced fecundability and subfertility. The purpose of this research is to investigate if PM2.5 exposure prior to conception or traffic-related exposures (traffic density and distance to nearest major roadway) at birth address is associated with fertility-assisted births. We obtained all live and still births from the Massachusetts state birth registry with an estimated conception date between January 2002 through December 2008. All births requiring fertility drugs or assisted reproductive technology were identified as cases. We randomly selected 2000 infants conceived each year to serve as a common control group. PM2.5 exposure was assessed using 4 km spatial satellite remote sensing, meteorological and land use spatiotemporal models at geocoded birth addresses for the year prior to conception. The mean PM2.5 level was 9.81 µg m−3 (standard deviation = 1.70 µg m−3), with a maximum of 14.27 µg m−3. We calculated crude and adjusted fertility treatment odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per interquartile range of 1.72 µg m−3 increase in PM2.5 exposure. Our final analyses included 10 748 fertility-assisted births and 12 225 controls. After adjusting for parental age, marital status, race, maternal education, insurance status, parity, and year of birth, average PM2.5 exposure during the year prior to conception was weakly associated with fertility treatment (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.05). Fertility-assisted births were inversely associated with traffic density (highest quartile compared to lowest quartile, OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.02) and positively associated with distance from major roadway (OR per 100 m: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02) in adjusted analyses. We did not find strong evidence to support an adverse relationship between traffic-related air pollution exposure and fertility-assisted births.
Lying: revisiting the ‘intending to deceive’ condition
Authors: Krstić Vladimir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper refines the received analysis of deceptive lies. This is done by assessing some cases of lies that are supposedly not intended to deceive and by arguing that they actually involve sophisticated strategies of intentional deception. These lies, that is, merely seem not to be intended to deceive and this is because our received analysis of deceptive lies is insufficiently sophisticated. We need to add these strategies to our analysis of deceptive lying. The argument ends by presenting this refined analysis.
Assessing Readability of FDA-Required Labeling for Breast Implants
Authors: Powell Lauren , Krivanek Taylor , Deshpande Sagar , Landis George 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Goals/Purpose
In 2021, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) introduced regulations to improve the delivery of breast implant patient education, including new labeling requirements. The new regulations called for a patient decision checklist to be reviewed with a physician ahead of surgery. To ensure educational materials are accessible to most patients, the National Institutes of Health recommend they be written at a sixth to seventh grade level. This study aims to assess the readability of patient-facing FDA labeling for breast implants.

Methods/Technique
Eleven patient information brochures and seven patient decision checklists were obtained from four breast implant company websites. An example checklist was also obtained from the FDA website. Plain text was extracted from each of the documents. Figures, tables, references, and indices were omitted. The text files were analyzed using four measures of readability validated in clinical materials: Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Coleman-Liau Index, Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Automated Readability Index (ARI).

Results/Complications
On average, patient information brochures were 73 pages long (range: 48-92) and included 8 figures or graphics, while patient decision checklists were 5.7 pages long (range: 4-7) and included 0 figures or graphics. Mean readability scores of brochures were a Flesch-Kincaid of 12.7, Coleman-Liau Index of 13.0, SMOG of 14.0, and ARI of 12.7, with an overall mean grade level of 13.1 (13th grade). For decision checklists, results showed a Flesch-Kincaid of 14.2, Coleman-Liau Index of 13.3, SMOG of 15.6, and ARI of 14.8, with an overall grade level of 14.5 (14-15th grade). Comparatively, the sample decision checklist published by the FDA had a Flesch-Kincaid of 13.9, Coleman-Liau Index of 13.0, SMOG of 15.5, and ARI of 14.4, with an overall grade level of 14.2 (14th grade).

Conclusion
Although patient decision checklists were introduced to improve accessibility of breast implant educational materials, the level at which they are written exceeds the recommendation for the average US adult by several grade levels, suggesting that patients may not fully understand current materials. While shorter than the comprehensive information brochures available, decision checklists were more difficult to read across all readability scales assessed in this study, and neither brochures nor checklists met recommended reading levels on any of the assessed scales. In order to encourage patient understanding of surgical and implant risks and promote the positive health outcomes, the FDA and breast implant companies may consider revising labeling materials.
Exploring the Financial, Psychological, and Operative Factors Associated With Implant Removal Satisfaction in Breast Implant Illness Patients
Authors: Bascone Corey , Couto Javier , Reed McGraw J , Sulkar Reena , Broach Robyn , Butler Paris , Kovach Stephen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Goals/Purpose
Breast implant illness (BII) is a poorly understood heterogeneous disorder treated with implant removal; however, patient-reported symptoms and outcomes following treatment remain unclear.

Methods/Technique
A retrospective review of patients undergoing bilateral breast implant removal related to BII by two surgeons between 2018-2022 was performed. Patients were surveyed with the BREAST-Q augmentation model with the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) BII survey extension. Outcomes were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient-associated factors.

Results/Complications
Forty-seven patients were surveyed with a response rate of 51% (n=24). Of the 20 patients completing the survey, the majority were Caucasian (85%), with 45% (n=9) having a documented history of psychiatric illness. Six (30%) had capsular contracture and four (20%) had documented implant rupture. The majority of implant removals (n=12, 60%) were not covered by insurance. Fourteen (70%) had a net improvement in their symptoms after implant removal—most commonly improving chest discomfort, muscle pain, fever, and headaches. Self-pay was predictive of increased breast satisfaction scores (p=0.009), but had no impact on symptomatic improvement. Reduced time to implant removal was predictive of fewer residual symptoms (p=0.032). Capsular contracture was predictive of reduced psychosocial, sexual, and breast satisfaction scores (p=0.015). Psychiatric illness had no significant impact on outcomes.

Conclusion
In the setting of suspected or diagnosed BII, reduced time to implant removal may decrease the risk of residual symptoms and improve overall patient satisfaction. In patients with capsular contracture, preoperative counseling should emphasize the fact that implant removal may improve physical symptoms only.
Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Blocks Vs. Local Infiltration Anesthesia on Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Pain Control
Authors: Puyana Salomon , Heffern Jadyn , Harvak Hajebian H , Kresofsky Kevin , Chaffin Abigail , Lindsey John 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Goals/Purpose
Ultrasound-guided regional field blocks are not widely used in outpatient plastic surgery.1 These blocks have been shown to significantly decrease the number of prescribed opioids in patients who underwent abdominoplasty, liposuction, and primary submuscular breast operations. 2,3 The goal of this study is to compare ultrasound-guided TAP blocks to local infiltration anesthesia with or without blind rectus sheath blocks in patients undergoing abdominoplasty.

Methods/Technique
A retrospective review was conducted of patients undergoing outpatient abdominoplasty performed by the senior surgeon. Group 1 (Local) received local infiltration anesthesia with or without blind rectus sheath blocks between April 2009 and December 2013. Group 2 (TAP) received surgeon-led, intraoperative, ultrasound-guided, 4-quadrant TAP blocks between January 2014 and December 2021. Outcomes measured included opioid utilization, morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and pain level at discharge (scale from 1 to 10).
All abdominoplasties were performed using the same suture materials and techniques by the senior surgeon in the same accredited outpatient surgical facility. Abdominoplasty technique included supraumbilical undermining, umbilical transposition, rectus abdominis fascial plication, progressive tension sutures, and liposuction of the flanks. Patients were excluded if other procedures were performed at the time of abdominoplasty.

Results/Complications
60 patients in each of the two study groups met the study criteria for a total of 120 patients. The study groups were similar except for a lower average age in group 1 (Table 1). Patients receiving TAP blocks (group 2) had significantly lower MME requirements in the PACU (3.48 v 2.21, p=0.005). There was no difference in pain level at discharge between the two groups (2.35 v 2.17, p=0.624), (Table 1).

Conclusion
Surgeon-led, intraoperative, ultrasound-guided, 4-quadrant TAP blocks statistically significantly reduced opioid utilization by 36.5% in the PACU while achieving comparable patient pain scores.
From a Single Penile Suspensory Ligament to a Penile Suspensory Apparatus: Application to the Buried Penis Surgery
Authors: Laurent Romain , Danino Ruben Pierre , Trouilloud Pierre , Benkhadra Mehdi , Danino Michel Alain 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Goals/Purpose
The ligamentous system supporting the penis is widely called « penile suspensory ligament ». It supports and attaches the penis to the abdominal wall and the pubic bone. However, the complexity of the anatomy of the penile suspensory system was underestimated. The aim of this anatomical study was to describe the different ligamentous (features, insertion sites, path) and their functions.

Methods/Technique
The first step consisted in a description of the different components of the penile suspensory apparatus on two cadavers embalmed by the Thiel method. The second part was an evaluation of the function of each ligament on freshly dead cadavers. In the third stage, we applied those findings to an exploratory cohort of patients undergoing a penile lengthening surgery for buried penis.

Results/Complications
The penile suspensory apparatus consisted in four ligaments from anterior to posterior : the fundiform ligament, the suspensory ligament, dense vertical ligament and the arcuate ligament. The first two were loose, non-stabilizing and the two posterior ones were dense and stabilizing. In our cohort, 12 patients were included. The mean BMI was 38. The mean pre-operative flaccid length was 4.1 cm [2.2 cm – 7 cm] and at 6 months 8.2 cm [5.2 cm - 11.5 cm] which represents a mean augmentation of 100%. The mean pre-operative circumference at a flaccid state was 8.2 cm [2 cm – 11.5 cm] and at 6 months post-operative was 12.6 cm [8.3 cm - 16 cm] which represents a mean augmentation of 85.7%. The most common complication was a phimosis.

Conclusion
We have described the detailed anatomy of the penile suspensory apparatus. It is the first time that the dense vertical ligament was brought to light. To avoid instability in penile lengthening, the posterior part of the dense vertical ligament and the arcuate ligament must be spared.
Nestling mouth colors mediate parental favoritism but do not influence detectability
Authors: Border Shana E , Haas Liana E , Steines Madison E , Dugas Matthew B 
Published: April 2023

AbstractYoung animals often solicit care from their parents using behaviors and morphologies collectively termed begging. Many nestling altricial birds add to their familiar postures and vocalizations by displaying colorful mouthparts, hypothesized to enhance their visual conspicuousness and/or be favored by choosy parents. We evaluated these two hypotheses with experimental manipulations of the flange tissue of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) nestlings. We allowed parents to interact with nestlings that appeared to have either carotenoid-rich or carotenoid-poor flanges, and then with nestlings that appeared similar in carotenoid-richness but differed in either brightness (total light reflected) or ultraviolet (UV) richness. These three features of flange color comprise much of the variation observed both within and among species. None of our three manipulations shaped parents’ ability to transfer prey efficiently to nestlings, a proxy for how visually detectable nestlings were. Parents preferentially allocated prey to nestlings that appeared carotenoid-rich, but did not bias allocation when we manipulated brightness or UV reflectance. These patterns suggest that nestlings displaying carotenoid-rich flanges benefit from parental favoritism, but that variation in brightness and UV reflectance do not independently shape parental care, at least within the range a house sparrow parent might encounter in nature. Efforts to understand mouth color in the context of offspring-parent communication and visual signal evolution may benefit from considering the component parts of color, as they may function, be constrained, and evolve independently.
Muscle mass, creatinine, cystatin C and selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes
Authors: Malmgren Linnea , Grubb Anders 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Stehlé and colleagues demonstrate that estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by use of creatinine and a measure, total lumbar muscle cross-sectional area, reflecting the total muscle mass of an individual, is superior to GFR-estimating equations based upon creatinine and demographic variables. The report by Stehlé et al. demonstrates one solution to the interference of muscle mass in the use of creatinine to estimate GFR. This interference was identified already at the start, in 1959, of using creatinine for estimation of GFR. Different ways of taking the muscle mass into account when creatinine-based estimations of GFR have been used generally include use of controversial race and sex coefficients. A new marker of GFR, cystatin C, introduced in 1979, has been shown to be virtually uninfluenced by muscle mass. In this editorial, the simultaneous use of creatinine and cystatin C to estimate GFR, muscle mass and selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes is described.
Designing a decision aid for cancer prevention: a qualitative study
Authors: Milton Shakira , Macrae Finlay , McIntosh Jennifer G , Saya Sibel , Alphonse Pavithran , Yogaparan Thivagar , Karnchanachari Napin , Novy Kitty , Nguyen Peter , Lau Phyllis , Emery Jon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Australian guidelines recommend people aged 50–70 years old consider taking low-dose aspirin to reduce their risk of colorectal cancer. The aim was to design sex-specific decision aids (DAs) with clinician and consumer input, including expected frequency trees (EFTs) to communicate the risks and benefits of taking aspirin.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians. Focus groups were conducted with consumers. The interview schedules covered ease of comprehension, design, potential effects on decision-making, and approaches to implementation of the DAs. Thematic analysis was employed; independent coding by 2 researchers was inductive. Themes were developed through consensus between authors.

Results
Sixty-four clinicians were interviewed over 6 months in 2019. Twelve consumers aged 50–70 years participated in two focus groups in February and March 2020. The clinicians agreed that the EFTs would be helpful to facilitate a discussion with patients but suggested including an additional estimate of the effects of aspirin on all-cause mortality. The consumers felt favourable about the DAs and suggested changes to the design and wording to ease comprehension.

Conclusion
DAs were designed to communicate the risks and benefits of low-dose aspirin for disease prevention. The DAs are currently being trialled in general practice to determine their impact on informed decision-making and aspirin uptake.
Implications of Cumulative Life Event Stress for Daily Stress Exposure and Cardiovascular Reactivity Among Black and White Americans
Authors: Birditt Kira S , Turkelson Angela , Javaid Sarah , Gonzalez Richard , Antonucci Toni 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Daily stress and cardiovascular reactivity may be important mechanisms linking cumulative life event stress with cardiovascular health and may help to explain racial health disparities. However, studies have yet to examine links between exposure to life event stress, daily stress exposure, and cardiovascular reactivity. This study assessed links between trajectories of life event stress exposure, daily stressors, and cardiovascular reactivity among Black and White individuals.

Methods
Participants are from the Stress and Well-being in Everyday Life Study in which 238 individuals (109 Black 129 White; ages 33–93), drawn from the longitudinal Social Relations Study, reported life event stress in 1992, 2005, 2015, and 2018. Of those individuals, 169 completed an ecological momentary assessment study in which they reported stress exposure every 3 hr, and 164 wore a heart rate monitor for up to 5 days.

Results
Latent class growth curve models revealed 2 longitudinal trajectories of life event stress: moderate-increasing and low-decreasing. Individuals in the moderate-increasing stress trajectory reported greater daily stress exposure and links did not vary by race. Black individuals in the low-decreasing trajectory and White individuals in the moderate-increasing trajectory showed positive associations between daily stress and heart rate (i.e., were reactive to daily stress exposure). The link between daily stress and heart rate was not significant among Black individuals in the moderate-increasing trajectory and White individuals in the low-decreasing trajectory.

Discussion
Individuals who experience more life events across the adult life course report greater daily stress exposure which has important implications for daily cardiovascular health. Black individuals with moderate-increasing life event stress show evidence of blunted daily stress reactivity (nonsignificant association between daily stress and heart rate) whereas Black individuals with low-decreasing life event stress show evidence of stress reactivity (positive association between daily stress and heart rate). White individuals showed the opposite pattern (albeit marginally). These findings expand the weathering hypothesis and indicate that chronic life event stress may be associated with blunted stress reactivity among Black individuals.
F-type proton-pumping ATPase mediates acid tolerance inStreptococcus mutans
Authors: Sekiya Mizuki , Ikeda Kazuya , Yonai Ayaka , Ishikawa Taichi , Shimoyama Yu , Kodama Yoshitoyo , Sasaki Minoru , Nakanishi-Matsui Mayumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsStreptococcus mutans is highly sensitive to inhibitors of proton-pumping F-type ATPase (F-ATPase) under acidic conditions. Herein, we investigated the role of S. mutans F-ATPase in acid tolerance using a bacterium expressing the F-ATPase β subunit at lower levels than the wild-type strain.Methods and resultsWe generated a mutant S. mutans expressing the catalytic β subunit of F-ATPase at lower levels than the wild-type bacterium. The mutant cells exhibited a significantly slower growth rate at pH 5.30, whereas the rate was essentially the same as that of wild-type cells at pH 7.40. In addition, the colony-forming ability of the mutant was decreased at pH &lt;4.30 but not at pH 7.40. Thus, the growth rate and survival of S. mutans expressing low levels of the β subunit were reduced under acidic conditions.ConclusionsTogether with our previous observations, this study indicates that F-ATPase is involved in the acid tolerance mechanism of S. mutans by secreting protons from the cytoplasm.
Enhanced β-carotene production inYarrowia lipolyticathrough the metabolic and fermentation engineering
Authors: Jing Yiwen , Wang Jingnan , Gao Haiyan , Jiang Yujia , Jiang Wankui , Jiang Min , Xin Fengxue , Zhang Wenming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract β-Carotene is a kind of high-value tetraterpene compound, which shows various applications in medical, agricultural, and industrial areas owing to its antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, Yarrowia lipolytica was successfully metabolically modified through the construction and optimization of β-carotene biosynthetic pathway for β-carotene production. The β-carotene titer in the engineered strain Yli-C with the introduction of the carotenogenesis genes crtI, crtE, and crtYB can reach 34.5 mg/L. With the overexpression of key gene in the mevalonate pathway and the enhanced expression of the fatty acid synthesis pathway, the β-carotene titer of the engineered strain Yli-CAH reached 87 mg/L, which was 152% higher than that of the strain Yli-C. Through the further expression of the rate-limiting enzyme tHMGR and the copy number of β-carotene synthesis related genes, the β-carotene production of Yli-C2AH2 strain reached 117.5 mg/L. The final strain Yli-C2AH2 produced 2.7 g/L β-carotene titer by fed-batch fermentation in a 5.0-L fermenter. This research will greatly speed up the process of developing microbial cell factories for the commercial production of β-carotene.One-Sentence SummaryIn this study, the β-carotene synthesis pathway in engineered Yarrowia lipolytica was enhanced, and the fermentation conditions were optimized for high β-carotene production.