bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purple acid phosphatase 10c modifies rice rhizobacterial community and its phosphorus cycling potential
Authors: Xing Hongmei , Luo Xuesong , Chen Xinghua , Deng Suren , Cai Hongmei , Xu Fangsen , Shi Lei , Ding Guangda , Zhu Qiang , Wang Chuang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
· Background and Aimes
Plant roots secret acid phosphatases (ACPs) to mineralize the rhizosphere organic phosphorus (Po) for absorption. However, the ecological effects of such exudates on the rhizobacterial community and function remain unclear.
· Methods
Purple acid phosphatase 10c (OsPAP10c) is the major root-secreted ACP under both Pi-sufficient and deficient conditions in rice. To study the effect of root-secreted ACP on the rhizosphere phosphorus (P) cycling and succession of the bacterial community, the previously reported OsPAP10cmutant and overexpression lines were planted in paddy soils with or without P fertilizer (+P or -P).
· Results
The results showed that the expression of OsPAP10c significantly influenced ACP activity in rhizosphere soil, which changed bacterial composition by 6.72% to 9.54%. The expression of OsPAP10c helped to recruit P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) under -P conditions. However, OsPAP10c increased bacterial P competition potentials and rhizosphere alkali phosphatase (ALP) under +P conditions. Moreover, overexpression of OsPAP10c increased the relative abundance of bacteria with nitrogen, sulfur, and iron potential functions, which benefit the rice nutrient uptake and growth.
· Conclusion
In conclusion, this study indicated that P fertilizer and root-secreted ACPs cooperatively regulate rhizosphere P cycling potential by modifying the rhizobacterial composition.
Do coniferous plantations have an importance for biodiversity conservation? Bats as indicators in the Foreste Casentinesi National Park
Authors: Campedelli Tommaso , Londi Guglielmo , Cutini Simonetta , Scaravelli Dino , Priori Pamela , Florenzano Guido Tellini 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Artificial forest and plantations are gaining an ever more central importance in the discussion about forest role in biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and in many aspects related to social and economic importance of these environment. Particularly to what regards biodiversity conservation, there is a heated debate on the potential role that these artificial habitats, if properly managed, could have as species habitat. We evaluated the role of these forest for bat species in the Foreste Casentinesi National Park, that hosts widespread coniferous plantations, many of which have now an "old-growth" type structure, with numerous large trees, relatively low densities and abundant deadwood. These forest, if compared with beech forest, the other most spread forest type, have also a more diversified structure. Our results show a strong positive effect associated with the presence of conifer forests for four out of eight species tested, specificallyP. pipistrellus, P. kuhlii, H. savii, M. schreibersi. The presence of coniferous plantations has effect at different spatial scale, suggesting that different species use this habitat in different way. Coniferous plantations have also a positive effect on the number of feeding buzz, the specific sequence of ultrasound impulses bats emitting during the approaching to preys. Although other studies have also shown that these forests can actually play a role as habitat for numerous species, including other taxa, there is still a widespread belief, even among those with active roles in forest management, that these environments are "green deserts". Particularly inside protected areas, we believe that work should be done to identify and apply correct forms of management for these forests instead of generally promoting their replacement with native species.
Structural Ultrasound of Joints and Tendons in Healthy Children: Development of Normative Data
Authors: WITTOEK RUTH , Decock Céline , Dewaele Nele , Arnold Lara , Baeyens Pieter , De Schrijver Ignace , Pardaens Lisa , Raftakis Ioannis , Renson Thomas , Rinkin Charline , Thooft Alexander D. J. , Vanhaverbeke Tine , Verbist Caroline 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a well accessible technique to assess disease activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Knowledge of reference values of joint structures is indispensable to differentiate between physiological and pathological findings The aim of this study is to assess the structural sonographic features of joints and tendons in healthy children from several age groups (0–18 year), and develop a set of normative data.
Methods
Greyscale ultrasound was performed in 500 healthy children (age 0–18 years) according to a predefined scanning protocol including the shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, first metatarsophalangeal joint, elbow, wrist and second metacarpophalangeal joint. Demographic data and values of cartilage thickness, tendon diameters, and bone-capsular distance (BCD) were collected. Differences between sexes were assessed by unpaired t-test. Single and multiple regression analyses were performed between the ultrasound outcomes and covariates such as age, length, weight and body mass index. Growth charts and tables were developed with respect to age. Nonparametric quantile regression was applied using the R-packages quantreg and quantregGrowth.
Results
A total of 195 male and 305 female volunteers were included. Cartilage diminished markedly as children aged, and the cartilage of boys was significantly thicker compared to girls in all joints (all p < 0.001). In addition, cartilage became thinner as children's height and weight increased (beta regression coefficients between − 0.27 and − 0.01, p < 0.0001). Capsular distention (i.e., BCD > 0 mm) was uncommon in the ankle, wrist and MCP2 (resp. in 3, 6, and 3% of cases). It was more common in the suprapatellar and parapatellar knee, MTP1 and posterior recess of the elbow (resp. in 34, 32, 46, and 39% of cases). In the hip, some capsular distention was always present. Age was found to be the best predictor for BCD (beta regression coefficients between 0.05 and 0.13, p < 0.0001). Height was, in addition to age, a good predictor of tendon diameter (beta regression coefficients between 0.03 and 0.14, p < 0.0001). Growth curves and tables for each variable were developed.
Conclusions
Reference values of sonographic cartilage thickness, BCD and diameters of tendons at several joints were established from 500 healthy children, aged between 0 and 18 years.
Digital image analysis and machine learning-assisted prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fisher Timothy B. , Saini Geetanjali , TS Rekha , Krishnamurthy Jayashree , Bhattarai Shristi , Callagy Grace , Webber Mark , Janssen Emiel A.M. , Kong Jun , Aneja Ritu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Pathological complete response (pCR) is associated with favorable prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, only 30–40% of TNBC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) show pCR, while the remaining 60–70% show residual disease (RD). The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in NAC response in patients with TNBC remains unclear. In this study, we developed a machine learning-based two-step pipeline to distinguish between various histological components in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images (WSIs) of TNBC tissue biopsies and to identify histological features that can predict NAC response.
Methods
H&E-stained WSIs of treatment-naïve biopsies from 85 patients (51 with pCR and 34 with RD) were separated through a stratified 8-fold cross validation strategy for the first step and leave one out cross validation strategy for the second step. A tile-level histology label prediction pipeline and four machine learning classifiers were used to analyze 468,043 tiles of WSIs. The best-trained classifier used 55 texture features from each tile to produce a probability profile during testing. The predicted histology classes were used to generate a histology classification map of the spatial distributions of different tissue regions. A patient-level NAC response prediction pipeline was trained with features derived from paired histology classification maps. The top graph-based features capturing the relevant spatial information across the different histological classes were provided to the radial basis function kernel support vector machine (rbfSVM) classifier for NAC treatment response prediction.
Results
The tile-level prediction pipeline achieved 86.72% accuracy for histology class classification, while the patient-level pipeline achieved 83.53% NAC response (pCR vs. RD) prediction accuracy. The histological class pairs with the strongest NAC response predictive ability were tumor and tumor tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for pCR and microvessel density and polyploid giant cancer cells for RD.
Conclusion
Our machine learning pipeline can robustly identify clinically relevant histological classes that predict NAC response in TNBC patients and may help guide patient selection for NAC treatment.
Supercritical melt flow in high-speed laser welding and its interdependence with the geometry of the keyhole and the melt pool
Authors: Reinheimer Eveline Nicole 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The advent of undercuts and humping limits the applicable speed of deep-penetration laser welding. Recent findings additionally show that a significant change of the keyhole’s shape is associated with the occurrence of undercuts. Considering that undercuts and humping are melt-flow-induced defects, this leads to the question of how the geometry of the keyhole and the melt pool influence the melt flow and vice versa. In this work, the Froude number was used to characterize the melt flow around a keyhole. X-ray images of the keyhole and cross-sections of the weld were therefore used to determine the geometrical boundaries of the melt flow, to estimate the average melt velocity around the keyhole, and finally determine its Froude number. The flow around a cylindrically shaped keyhole was found to always be subcritical, whereas supercritical melt flow was observed around the elongated keyholes that are formed at higher welding speed. The findings may be interpreted in the sense that the elongation of the keyhole is a consequence of a supercritical stream of the melt flowing underneath and around the keyhole. This perception is consistent with the long-known experience that humping may be avoided by reducing the flow speed of the melt by widening the melt pool surrounding the keyhole (e. g. by means of beam shaping) and suggest a new explanation for the elongation of the keyhole at increased welding speed.
How Afghanistan is Tackling Infection Control: An In-Depth Evaluation of Practices and Strategies
Authors: Lakanwall Mohammad Naeem , Katyara Preet , Roshan Rozina , Mahmood Syed Faisal , Hamouda Mahmoud , Nadeeb Safiullah , Heweidy Iman , Amiri Karima Mayar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background:
Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices have been recognized as the most effective strategy to reduce Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). IPC programs also play a vital role in maintaining patient safety and quality of care. Very little data is available about IPC practices and their competence in Afghanistan. We assessed IPC practices in 15 government hospitals in Afghanistan to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their IPC programs.
Methods:
A cross-sectional assessment was conducted between July 2021 and June 2022 at 15 governmental hospitals in Afghanistan including 11 tertiary hospitals from Kabul, 3 regional hospitals from Herat, Kandahar, and Nangarhar respectively, and 1 provincial hospital from Laghaman which is the only secondary healthcare facility in this assessment. Two IPC experts from the ministry of public health, conducted hospital assessments. The World Health Organization (WHO) Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) was used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of all healthcare facilities regarding IPC.
Results:
Of the 15 hospitals evaluated, most achieved a basic IPC level with only 2 hospitals achieving an intermediate level of IPC standards; compliance levels: ≤25%=inadequate, >25%- ≤50%=basic, >50%-≤75%=intermediate, >75%-≤100%=advanced. None of the hospitals achieved advanced level. The overall hospital compliance scores ranged from 32 percent to 58 percent, with 40 percent as the average.
The highest overall IPC standard compliance score was observed with aseptic techniques (63.9%), and the lowest overall scores were observed with control of MDROs (3.3%), isolation precautions (31%), and COVID-19 measures (32%).
When average compliance by type of standard was assessed, policy dissemination was observed to score the lowest (9%) and practice/techniques of performing procedures scored the highest (52%). Communication/reminders and infrastructure/supplies and their accessibility scored 33% and 42% respectively.
Conclusion:
Significant efforts must be made considering the current dismal state of the IPC programs in Afghanistan.
Hydrogen Plasma-Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition of Ru with Low Oxygen Content
Authors: Park Geonwoo , Kim Keunhoi , Shin Jeong Woo , Han Geongu , Go Dohyun , An Jihwan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ru is extensively used in electrical and energy applications because of its high electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. This study reports the H2 plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of Ru thin films using a novel carbonyl cyclohexadiene ruthenium precursor. The optimized process conditions for depositing Ru thin films by PEALD were established based on the growth per cycle (GPC), chemical formation, crystallinity, conformality, and resistivity, according to process parameters such as precursor pulse time, H2 plasma pulse time, purge time, and deposition temperature. Pure Ru thin films (low carbon and oxygen) were deposited with low resistivity (28.8 µΩ·cm) and showed high conformality (> 95%) on the Si trenches. The oxidant-free PEALD Ru process reported in this study may have implications on the fabrication of high-quality interfaces between Ru and easily-oxidized substrates.
Broadcasters, receivers, functional groups of metabolites and the link to heart failure progression using polygenic factors
Authors: Yazdani Azam , Mendez-Giraldez Raul , Yazdani Akram , Schaid Daniel , Kong Sek Won , Hadi Mohamad , Samiei Ahmad , Wittenbecher Clemens , Lasky-Su Jessica , Clish Clary , Marotta Francesco , Kosorok Michael , Mora Samia , Muehlschlegel Jochen , Chasman Daniel , Larson Martin , Elsea Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In a prospective study with records of heart failure (HF) incidence, we present metabolite profiling data from individuals without HF at baseline. We uncovered the interconnectivity of metabolites using data-driven and causal networks augmented with polygenic factors. Exploring the networks, we identified metabolite broadcasters, receivers, mediators, and subnetworks corresponding to functional classes of metabolites, and provided insights into the link between metabolomic architecture and regulation in health. We incorporated the network structure into the identification of metabolites associated with HF to control the effect of confounding metabolites. We identified metabolites associated with higher or lower risk of HF incidence, the associations that were not confounded by the other metabolites, such as glycine, ureidopropionic and glycocholic acids, and LPC 18:2. We revealed the underlying relationships of the findings. For example, asparagine directly influenced glycine, and both were inversely associated with HF. These two metabolites were influenced by polygenic factors and only essential amino acids which are not synthesized in the human body and come directly from the diet. Metabolites may play a critical role in linking genetic background and lifestyle factors to HF progression. Revealing the underlying connectivity of metabolites associated with HF strengthens the findings and facilitates a mechanistic understanding of HF progression.
The Various Facets of Orthorexic Eating Behavior – Five Case Reports of Individuals With Supposed Orthorexia Nervosa
Authors: Barthels Friederike , Fischer Maren , Keskini Raphaela , Schöl Amelie Marie , Pietrowsky Reinhard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Orthorexia nervosa, defined as a fixation on eating healthy according to subjective criteria, is recently being discussed as another variant of disordered eating behavior. Further characteristics are rigid adherence to nutritional rules, anxieties and avoidance behavior in the context of eating as well as a focus on health, not on body shape or weight loss, which is supposed to differentiate orthorexic from other disordered eating behavior. Although diagnostic criteria have been suggested, they have rarely been used in case reports published to date. Hence, the aim of this study was to present five individuals with supposed orthorexia nervosa, using preliminary diagnostic criteria to assess their eating behavior.
Case presentation: The five cases (three females, two males) reveal the great variety of disordered eating behavior. Fear of unhealthy overweight (case A), orthorexic eating behavior as a coping strategy for anorexia nervosa (case B), the exclusive consumption of animal products with a total exclusion of fruits and vegetables (case C), the fixation on exercise and athletic goals (case D) as well as a focus on a vegan diet and unprocessed foods (case E) are facets of orthorexia nervosa with varying degrees of impairment.
Conclusions: It is concluded that orthorexia nervosa manifests itself in very different ways and that more research is needed in order to determine whether it could be a useful additional category of disordered eating behavior.
A generalisation of the method of regression calibration
Authors: Little Mark P. , Hamada Nobuyuki , Zablotska Lydia B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is direct evidence of risks at moderate and high levels of radiation dose for highly radiogenic cancers such as leukaemia and thyroid cancer. For many cancer sites, however, it is necessary to assess risks via extrapolation from groups exposed at moderate and high levels of dose, about which there are substantial uncertainties. Crucial to the resolution of this area of uncertainty is the modelling of the dose-response relationship and the importance of both systematic and random dosimetric errors for analyses in the various exposed groups. It is well recognised that measurement error can alter substantially the shape of this relationship and hence the derived population risk estimates. Particular attention has been devoted to the issue of shared errors, common in many datasets, and particularly important in occupational settings. We propose a modification of the regression calibration method which is particularly suited to studies in which there is a substantial amount of shared error, and in which there may also be curvature in the true dose response. This method can be used in settings where there is a mixture of Berkson and classical error. In fits to synthetic datasets in which there is substantial upward curvature in the true dose response, and varying (and sometimes substantial) amounts of classical and Berkson error, we show that the coverage probabilities of all methods for the linear coefficient \(\alpha\) are near the desired level, irrespective of the magnitudes of assumed Berkson and classical error, whether shared or unshared. However, the coverage probabilities for the quadratic coefficient \(\beta\) are generally too low for the unadjusted and regression calibration methods, particularly for larger magnitudes of the Berkson error, whether this is shared or unshared. In contrast Monte Carlo maximum likelihood yields coverage probabilities for \(\beta\) that are uniformly too high. The extended regression calibration method yields coverage probabilities that are too low when shared and unshared Berkson errors are both large, although otherwise it performs well, and coverage is generally better than these other three methods. A notable feature is that for all methods apart from extended regression calibration the estimates of the quadratic coefficient \(\beta\) are substantially upwardly biased.
ROS/mtROS promotes TNTs formation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to protect against mitochondrial damages induced by engineering nanomaterialsin human glial cells
Authors: Lin Xinpei , Wang Wei , Chang Xiangyu , Chen Cheng , Guo Zhenkun , Yu Guangxia , Shao Wenya , Wu Siying , Zhang Qunwei , Zheng Fuli , Li Huangyuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
As the demand and application of engineering nanomaterials rise, their potential toxicity in the central nervous system has drawn increasing concerns. As a novel cell-cell communication, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) plays a crucial role in pathology and physiology. Unfortunately, the relationship between TNTs and nanomaterials neurotoxicity remains scarce. Here, three types of commonly used engineering nanomaterials, Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected to address this limitation.
Results
After complete characterization of the nanomaterials, the induction of TNTs formation by all of the nanomaterials was observed by high-content screening system and confocal microscopy in both primary astrocyte and U251 cells. The positive role of TNTs formation was further unveiled, which protected against the nanomaterials-induced neurotoxicity from cell apoptosis to ATP production dysfunction. We then ought to determine the underline mechanism of TNTs positive role. Since the generation of oxidative stress is a common mechanism in nanotoxicity, we first observed a significant increase in total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (namely ROS, mtROS), causing mitochondrial damage. Moreover, the pretreatment of U251 cells with either a ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine or a mtROS scavenger mitoquinone attenuated the nanomaterial-induced neurotoxicity and TNTs generation, suggesting the central role of ROS in nanomaterials-induced TNTs formation. Furthermore, a vigorous downstream pathway of ROS, i.e., PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was found to be actively involved in the nanomaterials-promoted TNTs development, which was abolished by LY294002, Perifosine and Rapamycin, the inhibitors of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, respectively. Finally, Western blot analysis demonstrated that ROS and mtROS scavenger suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which then abrogated TNTs formation.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that various types of nanomaterials promote TNTs formation through the generation of ROS/mtROS and the activation of downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which could fight against cell apoptosis and ATP production dysfunction induced by nanomaterials. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the intercellular protection mechanism against neurotoxicity induced by various kinds of nanomaterials, and sheds light on potential treatments to activate the cell-cell defense system against environmental toxicants.