bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design and Performances Enhancement of a Fiber-Optic Displacement Sensor
Authors: ELRAWASHDEH Zeina , PRELLE Christine , LAMARQUE Frédéric , REVEL Philippe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the optimal design of a miniature fiber-optic linear displacement sensor. It is characterised by its ability to measure the displacement along a millimetric range, with a sub-micrometric resolution. It consists of a triangular reflective grating and two fiber-optic probes. The sensor’s measurement principle is presented. The design of the sensor triangular grating has been geometrically optimized, by considering the step angle of the grating, in a way to enhance the sensor resolution. The optimization method revealed a global optimum, at which the highest resolution is obtained.
Shallow Defects and Ultralong Photoluminescence Decay Times up to 280 µs in Triple-Cation Perovskites
Authors: Yuan Ye , Yan Genghua , Dreessen Chris , Hülsbeck Markus , Klingebiel Benjamin , Rau Uwe , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Quantifying recombination in halide perovskites is a crucial prerequisite to control and improve the performance of perovskite-based solar cells. While both steady state and transient photoluminescence are frequently used to assess recombination in perovskite absorbers, quantitative analyses within a consistent model are seldomly reported. We use transient PL measurements with a large dynamic range of more than 10 orders of magnitude on triple-cation perovskite films showing long-lived photoluminescence transients featuring continuously changing decay times that range from tens of ns to hundreds of µs. We quantitatively explain both the transient and steady state PL with the presence of a high density of shallow defects and consequent significant rates of charge carrier trapping thereby showing that deep defects do not affect the recombination dynamics at all. The complex carrier kinetics caused by emission and recombination processes via shallow defects implies that reporting of only single lifetime values, as routinely done in literature, is meaningless for such materials. We show that the features indicative for shallow defects seen in the bare films remain dominant in finished devices and are therefore also crucial to understand the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Implementation and applications of PACE-HRH, a stochastic workload model of human resources for health
Authors: Hagedorn Brittany , Han Rui , Eliot Charles , Wu Meikang , Schripsema Jen , McCarthy Kevin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Effective healthcare systems need adequate numbers of well-trained human resources for health (HRH). To support evidence-based strategic planning, modeling is sometimes used to estimate the number of required health workers and to allocate them appropriately. However, despite the demonstrated utility of models, there are several limitations to existing tools, including the inability to reflect the stochastic nature of workload and parameter uncertainty, or to incorporate seasonal variations. Additionally, some tools are proprietary or no longer supported, which makes them difficult for decision makers to adopt.
Methods
To address these issues, we have created an open-source, freely available modeling tool called the Population-Aware Capacity Estimator for Human Resources for Health (PACE-HRH). The modeling platform has two components: an Excel-based workbook for data input and scenario management, and a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation package and analysis pipeline written in R. PACE-HRH has a demographics model that projects future populations, a task time model that estimates workload from both variable responsibilities and overhead, an optional seasonality model, and an optional cadre allocation model.
Results
To establish the utility of PACE-HRH, we run a demonstrative model based on a subset of eight clinical service categories, populated with Ethiopian data. The projections show an increase in weekly workload for a baseline population from 37.8 (36.0, 39.7) hours in 2021 to 44.0 (37.9, 49.8) hours in 2035. The ability to calculate a confidence interval is unique to PACE-HRH, as is the option to calculate the monthly variation in workload, which in this case amounts to seasonal amplitude of 6.8%. These results are demonstrative only and more curated input assumptions would be needed in order for the results to support decision making.
Conclusions
Modeling HRH requirements is valuable to planning processes. The PACE-HRH modeling package takes a novel approach to generating these estimates and is designed to be an easy-to-use platform that reduces barriers to use. There is a shortage of observational data on task times, which are key model assumptions, and time and motion studies are needed. However, even without improved data, PACE-HRH is an advancement in the field of HRH modeling and can be used to support evidence-based planning processes.
Tools for measuring individual self-care capability. A systematic scoping review of the literature
Authors: El-Osta Austen , Sasco Eva Riboli , Barbanti Evelina , Webber Iman , Alaa Aos , Karki Manisha , Asmar Marie Line El , Almadi Mashaal , Massoud Farah , Alboksmaty Ahmed , Majeed Azeem 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Various instruments are used to measure individual self-care capability for healthy individuals, those experiencing everyday self-limiting conditions, or one or more multiple long-term conditions.
Objective
Identify and characterise self-care measurement tools that are designed for adults. We also sought to assess the extent to which each item of the instruments identified could be mapped to the Seven Pillars of Self-Care (7PSC) framework.
Design
Systematic scoping review with thematic content analysis.
Methods
We conducted a systematic scoping review of the literature to identify instruments that could be used to assess self-care behaviours among the general population. The search was conducted in Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases using a variety of MeSH terms and keywords covering 1 January 1950 to 30 November 2022. Inclusion criteria included tools assessing health literacy, capability and/or performance of general health self-care practices and targeting adults. We excluded tools targeting self-care in the context of disease management only or indicated to a specific medical setting or theme.
Results
We identified 38 tools. Descriptive analysis highlighted a shift in the overall emphasis from rehabilitation-focused to prevention-focused tools. The intended method of administration also transitioned from observe-and-interview style methods to the utilisation of self-reporting tools. Only five tools incorporated questions relevant to 7PSC.
Conclusions
Self-care can play a crucial role in the prevention, management and rehabilitation of diverse conditions, especially chronic non-communicable diseases. There is a need for the development of a comprehensive measurement tool that could be used to evaluate individual self-care capacity and capability.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Enantiomerically Pure (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1 for Imaging the GluN2B Subunit-Containing NMDA receptors
Authors: Korff Marvin , Chaudhary Ahmad , Li Yinlong , Zhou Xin , Zhao Chunyu , Rong Jian , Chen Jiahui , Xiao Zhiwei , Elghazawy Nehal H. , Sippl Wolfgang , Davenport April T. , Daunais James B. , Wang Lu , Abate Carmen , Ahmed Hazem , Crowe Ron , Liang Steven H. , Ametamey Simon M. , Wünsch Bernhard , Haider Achi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

GluN2B subunit-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been implicated in various neurological disorders. Nonetheless, a validated fluorine-18 labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for GluN2B imaging in the living human brain is currently lacking. As part of our PET ligand development program, we have recently reported on the preclinical evaluation of [18F]OF-NB1 – a GluN2B PET ligand with promising attributes for potential clinical translation. However, the further development of [18F]OF-NB1 is currently precluded by major limitations in the radiolabeling procedure. These limitations include the use of highly corrosive reactants and racemization during the radiosynthesis. As such, the aim of this study was to develop a synthetic approach that allows an enantiomerically pure radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1, as well as to assess their in vitro and in vivo performance characteristics for imaging the GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptor in rodents. A two-step radiosynthesis involving radiofluorination of the boronic acid pinacol ester, followed by coupling to the 3-benzazepine core structure via reductive amination was employed. The new synthetic approach yielded enantiomerically pure (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1, while concurrently circumventing the use of corrosive reactants. In vitro autoradiograms with mouse and rat brain sections revealed a higher selectivity of (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 over (S)-[18F]OF-NB1 for GluN2B-rich brain regions. In concert with these observations, blockade studies with commercially available GluN2B antagonist, CP101606, showed a significant signal reduction, which was more pronounced for (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 than for (S)-[18F]OF-NB1. Conversely, blockade experiments with sigma2 ligand, FA10, did not result in a significant reduction of tracer binding for both enantiomers. PET imaging experiments with CD1 mice revealed a higher brain uptake and retention for (R)-[18F]OF-NB1, as assessed by visual inspection and volumes of distribution from Logan graphical analyses. In vivo blocking experiments with sigma2 ligand, FA10, did not result in a significant reduction of the brain signal for both enantiomers, thus corroborating the selectivity over sigma2 receptors. In conclusion, we have developed a novel synthetic approach that is suitable for upscale to human use and allows the enantiomerically pure radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1. While both enantiomers were selective over sigma2 receptors in vitro and in vivo, (R)-[18F]OF-NB1 showed superior GluN2B subunit specificity by in vitro autoradiography and higher volumes of distribution in small animal PET studies.
Characterization of serotonin-5-HTR1E signaling pathways and its role in cell survival
Authors: SHARMA VINAY KUMAR , CAMPBELL KIERSTEN , XUYU YANG , DALE RYAN , Loh Y. Peng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
5-Hydroxy tryptamine receptor 1E (5-HTR1E) is reported to activate cAMP and ERK pathways via its ligands and binding partners, but the detailed mechanism underlying the serotonin induced 5-HTR1E signaling is still not known. In the present study, we determined the cellular regulators of ERK and cAMP signaling pathways in response to serotonin induced 5-HTR1E activation in 5-HTR1E overexpressing HEK293 cells. We found that Pertussis Toxin (PTX) treatment completely reversed the effect of serotonin-5-HTR1E mediated signaling on cAMP and ERK pathways, confirming the involvement of a Gαi-linked cascade. We also observed that Gβγ and Gq were not associated with 5-HTR1E activation, while blocking PKA inhibited ERK signaling only, and had no effect on cAMP. Additionally, serotonin-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was similar in 5-HTR1E overexpressing, β-arrestin-deficient HEK293 cells and is solely dependent on G protein signaling. siRNA mediated gene knockout studies in SH-SY5Y cells revealed that the inhibition of 5-HTR1E reduced the expression of cMyc, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E and BCL2 genes which are related to cell cycle regulation and survival. MTT assays showed that 5-HTR1E knockdown in SHSY-5Y and U118 cells inhibited cell survival significantly. In addition to the signaling mechanism, we also performed RNA-seq analysis in 5-HTR1E overexpressing HEK293 cells and found that 5-HTR1E can regulate the expression of Receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), Nuclear receptor 1 (NR4A1) and other Cyclin genes. These findings indicate that serotonin interaction with 5-HTR1E receptor simultaneously activates cAMP and ERK pathway in HEK293 cells and its expression is important for cell survival.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Iranian Rivers’ Discharge
Authors: Maghrebi Mohsen , Noori Roohollah , Mehr Ali Danandeh , Lak Raziyeh , Darougheh Farzaneh , Razmgir Rahman , Farnoush Hossein , Taherpour Hamid , Moghadam Seyed Mohammad Reza Alavai , Araghi Alireza , Kløve Bjørn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Trends in river flow at national scale in Iran remain largely unclear, despite good coverage of river flow at multiple monitoring stations. To address this gap, this study explores the changes in Iranian rivers’ discharge using regression and analysis of variance methods to historically rich data measured at hydrometric stations. Our assessment is performed for 139 selected hydrometric stations located in Iranian data-rich basins that cover around 97% of the country’s rivers with more than 30 years of observations. Our findings show that most of Iran’s rivers (>56%) have undergone a downward trend (p–value <0.1) in mean annual flow that is 2.5 times bigger than that obtained for world’s rivers, resulting in a change from permanent to intermittent for around 20% of rivers in Iran’s sub-basins. Given no significant change observed in the main natural drivers of Iranian rivers’ discharge, these findings reveal the country’s surface fresh-water shortage was caused dominantly by anthropogenic disturbances rather than variability in climate parameters. It may even indicate the development of new river regimes with deep implications for future surface fresh-water storage in the country. This research’s findings improve our understanding of changes in Iranian rivers’ discharge and provide beneficial insights for sustainable management of water resources in the country.
Discharge of a siphon spillway under submerged exit condition
Authors: Ahmed Warda M. , Li S. Samuel , Ramamurthy Amruthur S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Flow through a siphon is difficult to predict due to inherent turbulence, separation and secondary circulation. This paper overcomes the difficulty by using advanced numerical techniques and rigorously assessing their suitability. The aim of this paper is to explore reliable numerical methods for predicting submerged siphon characteristics. Using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, we predicted three-dimensional velocity, pressure and turbulence quantities. We also conducted laboratory experiments for measurements of the submerged discharge coefficient Cd. The mean value of Cd predicted matches the measured mean value. The numerical results show flow separation in the siphon upper leg, causing secondary flow (SF) and increasing velocity above the crest. The SF shows complicated patterns and multiple turbulent eddies and reaches a maximum relative strength as large as 16%. The relative pressure has negative values in the crest region. The profiles of predicted longitudinal velocity in the crest region resemble the theoretical solution. The numerical methods and computation strategies from this paper are useful for investigating the performance of submerged siphons of various dimensions and/or geometric configurations under a wide range of hydraulic conditions. The RNG k-ε model is more suitable than the standard k-ε model and the Realizable k-ε model for turbulence closure.
Clonal complexes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from community sewage
Authors: Oliveira Pâmela Maria , Faria-Junior Célio , Silva Daniely Martins , Matos Larissa Fernandes , Pereira Alex Leite 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp) are life-threatening multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, CR-Kp strains isolated from sewage treatment plants (STPs) (n = 12) were tested for carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaOXA-48) and had their sequence types (ST) and clonal complexes (CCs) defined. A collection of clinical CR-Kp strains recovered in local hospitals was added to phylogenetic analyses along with sewage strains in order to infer clonality among CR-Kp strains. A total of 154 CR-Kp strains were isolated from raw sewage [55.8% (86/154)], treated sewage [25.3% (39/154)] and from water body downstream from STPs [18.8% (29/154)]. No CR-Kp strain was isolated from upstream water samples. blaKPC or blaNDM were detected in 143 (92.8%) strains. The occurrence of blaKPC-or-NDM CR-Kp strains was positively associated with the number of hospitalized patients in the areas serviced by STPs. Eleven STs were detected in CR-Kp strains, most of them belonging to the clinically relevant CC11 [ST11 (n = 13–28.2%) and ST340 (n = 7–15.2%)]. CCs 11, 15, 17, 147 and 2703 are shared by clinical and sewage CR-Kp strains. In conclusion, sewage harbors clinically relevant clones of CR-Kp that resist sewage treatments, contaminating water bodies downstream from STPs.
Assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water in Sapele local government area of Delta State, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Edeki Prince Eseoghene , Isah Essy Clementina , Mokogwu Ndubuisi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Drinking water quality for human consumption is a global matter of paramount importance. The study aimed to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water from five major sources in Sapele, Delta State. Using a convenient sampling method, 40 water samples were collected from river, rain, well, borehole, and sachet water sources and examined for physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics. The pH of the water sources examined ranged from 4.5 to 6.8, the total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged between 5 and 14,000 mg/l, the electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 10 and 740 μS/cm, and the turbidity ranged between 0.01 and 23.9 NTU. Mean levels of chloride, calcium, iron, lead, copper, and cadmium were below the maximal permissible ceilings based on WHO and NSDWQ standards. The total coliform count ranged between 0 and 9,000 MN/100 ml, with the mean concentration ranging between 0.001 and 1,268.13 MPN/100 ml. Water samples from different sources had physicochemical parameters within the stipulated standards, but the biological parameters revealed water sources with contamination. It is recommended that consumers of water from these different sources employ measures to purify their drinking water to forestall potential health risks.
Investigation of flow characteristics in gabion stepped weirs
Authors: Alabas Mohammed A. , Al-Ameri Riyadh , Das Subrat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Weirs are used to control and regulate the flow in open channels. In gabion structures, the flow conditions are more complex due to the complexity of flow through the porous body of a gabion. The present study aims to investigate the water surface profile, the overflow velocity profile, and both the through-flow and overflow ratios. Six physical models of the three downstream slopes (V:H 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) and two types of rockfill (crushed stone and rounded gravel) were investigated. Results show that for the same discharge, the milder slope model (1:3) shows higher water surface and higher velocity than the steeper slope (1:1) with about 9 and 8% on average respectively. The water surface was 60% higher on the lower steps than on the upper steps at the nappe flow regime. Moreover, the low porosity models show a slightly higher velocity and flow depth than higher porosity models for all sections. Furthermore, increasing the porosity from 0.38 to 0.42 led to about a 27% increment in the through-flow ratio. Finally, four relationships were developed to estimate the through-flow and overflow ratios at the upstream and inner sections of the gabion weir. The suggested relationships can be considered novel relationships.
A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, and Pharmacological Properties of Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe
Authors: Mahawer Sonu Kumar , Kumar Ravendra , Prakash Om , Arya Sushila , Singh Shailja , de Oliveira Mozaniel Santana , Rawat Dharmendra Singh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Medicinal and aromatic plants are known to have a number of biologically active com-pounds. Since ancient times, such plants have been used in ethnopharmacology. A number of medi-cines have been developed from plant origin by researchers and researchers continue to be interest-ed in plant-based medicines. Zingiberaceae is a well-known plant family for such types of medicinal and aromatic plants. Zingiber is the third largest genus of this family and Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe is a medicinal and aromatic Z. roseum is a rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plant of this genus, popularly known as “Rosy Ginger” and “Jangli Adrak,” utilized in the Siddha arrangement of medication, and its rhizomes have been used to treat injury, cough, asthma, skin illnesses, gastric ulcers, liver diseases, and heartburn in tradition. It also has ethnopharmacological uses, such as the rhizome of Z. roseum is used for digestion, relieving giddiness, and as a stimulant. Apart from this, it has been reported for several pharmacological activities such as antispasmodic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, etc. Z. roseum is a reservoir of several chemical constituents such as terpenes and terpenoids such as linalool, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, etc., phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and ascorbic acid along with important unique constituents such as zerumbone which are responsible for its medicinal and other biological activities. In this review article, we discussed the thorough knowledge published by researchers re-garding the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological, and mediational properties of Z. roseum and its botanical descriptions.
Pharmacological Treatments for Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes
Caused by COLQ Mutations
Authors: Shao Shuai , Shi Guanzhong , Bi Fang-Fang , Huang Kun 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) refer to a series of inherited disorders
caused by defects in various proteins. Mutation in the collagen-like tail subunit of asymmetric acetylcholinesterase
(COLQ) is the second-most common cause of CMS. However, data on pharmacological
treatments are limited.

Objective:
In this study, we reviewed related reports to determine the most appropriate pharmacological
strategy for CMS caused by COLQ mutations. A literature review and meta-analysis were also performed.
PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify
studies published in English before July 22, 2022.

Results:
A total of 42 studies including 164 patients with CMS due to 72 different COLQ mutations
were selected for evaluation. Most studies were case reports, and none were randomized clinical trials.
Our meta-analysis revealed evidence that β-adrenergic agonists, including salbutamol and ephedrine,
can be used as first-line pharmacological treatments for CMS patients with COLQ mutations, as 98.7%
of patients (74/75) treated with β-adrenergic agonists showed positive effects. In addition, AChEIs
should be avoided in CMS patients with COLQ mutations, as 90.5% (105/116) of patients treated with
AChEIs showed either no or negative effects.

Conclusion:
(1) β-adrenergic agonist therapy is the first pharmacological strategy for treating CMS
with COLQ mutations. (2) AChEIs should be avoided in patients with CMS with COLQ mutations.