bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of diabetic kidney disease risk using machine learning models: A population-based cohort study of Asian adults
Authors: Sabanayagam Charumathi , He Feng , Nusinovici Simon , Li Jialiang , Lim Cynthia , Tan Gavin , Cheng Ching Yu 
Published: September 2023

Background:Machine learning (ML) techniques improve disease prediction by identifying the most relevant features in multidimensional data. We compared the accuracy of ML algorithms for predicting incident diabetic kidney disease (DKD).Methods:We utilized longitudinal data from 1365 Chinese, Malay, and Indian participants aged 40–80 y with diabetes but free of DKD who participated in the baseline and 6-year follow-up visit of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study (2004–2017). Incident DKD (11.9%) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with at least 25% decrease in eGFR at follow-up from baseline. A total of 339 features, including participant characteristics, retinal imaging, and genetic and blood metabolites, were used as predictors. Performances of several ML models were compared to each other and to logistic regression (LR) model based on established features of DKD (age, sex, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, and body mass index) using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).Results:ML model Elastic Net (EN) had the best AUC (95% CI) of 0.851 (0.847–0.856), which was 7.0% relatively higher than by LR 0.795 (0.790–0.801). Sensitivity and specificity of EN were 88.2 and 65.9% vs. 73.0 and 72.8% by LR. The top 15 predictors included age, ethnicity, antidiabetic medication, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, eGFR, and metabolites related to lipids, lipoproteins, fatty acids, and ketone bodies.Conclusions:Our results showed that ML, together with feature selection, improves prediction accuracy of DKD risk in an asymptomatic stable population and identifies novel risk factors, including metabolites.Funding:This study was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council, NMRC/OFLCG/MOH-001327-03 and NMRC/HCSAINV/MOH-001019-00. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Multimodal Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment in Response to an Antiglycolytic Drug
Authors: Sheikh Elnaz , Agrawal Kirti , Roy Sanjit , Burk David , Donnarumma Fabrizio , Ko Young H. , Guttula Praveen Kumar , Biswal Nrusingh C. , Shukla Hem D. , Gartia Manas Ranjan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLipid metabolism and glycolysis play crucial roles in the progression and metastasis of cancer, and the use of 3‐bromopyruvate (3‐BP) as an antiglycolytic agent has shown promise in killing pancreatic cancer cells. However, developing an effective strategy to avoid chemoresistance requires the ability to probe the interaction of cancer drugs with complex tumor‐associated microenvironments (TAMs). Unfortunately, no robust and multiplexed molecular imaging technology is currently available to analyze TAMs. In this study, the simultaneous profiling of three protein biomarkers using SERS nanotags and antibody‐functionalized nanoparticles in a syngeneic mouse model of pancreatic cancer (PC) is demonstrated. This allows for comprehensive information about biomarkers and TAM alterations before and after treatment. These multimodal imaging techniques include surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), immunohistochemistry (IHC), polarized light microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and untargeted liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis. The study reveals the efficacy of 3‐BP in treating pancreatic cancer and identifies drug treatment‐induced lipid species remodeling and associated pathways through bioinformatics analysis.
Bionic Micro‐Texture Duplication and RE3+ Space‐Selective Doping of Unclonable Silica Nanocomposites for Multilevel Encryption and Intelligent Authentication
Authors: Yang Jiaxin , Feng Ming , Wang Jingru , Zhao Zejia , Xu Rui , Chen Ziyu , Zhang Kang , Khan Adnan , Han Yingdong , Song Feng , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐capacity optical data storage and information encryption by using glass substrates are fascinating due to merits of expanding the functionality and applicability of the optoelectronic field. However, the development of glass substrate‐based multi‐dimensional information encryption methods has remained a challenge because of the high hardness, brittleness and melting temperature of glasses. Herein, inspired by the unique natural structure of plant leaves, multicolor micro‐texture‐based physical unclonable functions (PUFs) fluorescence glass labels (MTPLs) are exploited by using ultraviolet photocurable silica nanocomposites and soft replication method. It is the first time that simultaneous rare‐earth ion (RE3+) space‐selective doping and bionic micro‐texture replication onto transparent glass have been realized, in which the doping position and fluorescence color of RE3+ and height information of unclonable micro‐texture can be selectively equipped for multilevel information encryption. The prepared micro‐scale MTPLs are endowed with tunable multilevel authentication models, including macro‐scale multicolor fluorescent 2D patterns, micro‐scale pattern, color 3D information and intelligence authentication. A high‐performance anti‐counterfeiting platform with interactive authentication is also established based on the high robustness and security of MTPLs. Such unclonable bionic MTPLs based on RE3+ space‐selective doping and micro‐texture duplication provide an effective and potentially universal approach for multilevel encryption and intelligent authentication.
Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction is Associated with Reduced Hematoma Growth in Fast Bleeding Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Qi , Morotti Andrea , Warren Andrew , Qureshi Adnan I , Dowlatshahi Dar , Falcone Guido , Sheth Kevin N. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Murthy Santosh B. , Viswanathan Anand , Goldstein Joshua N. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivePatients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at the highest risk of hematoma growth are those with the most potential to benefit from anti‐expansion treatment. Large clinical trials have not definitively shown a clear benefit of blood pressure (BP) reduction. We aim to determine whether intensive blood pressure reduction could benefit patients with fast bleeding ICH.MethodsAn exploratory analysis of data from the Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage 2 (ATACH‐2) randomized controlled trial was performed. In order to capture not just early bleeding (even if a small amount), but the rate of bleeding (ml/hour), we restricted the study to “Fast bleeding ICH,” defined as an ICH volume/onset to computed tomography (CT) time >5 ml/hr. Hematoma growth, as defined as an increase of hematoma volume > 33% between baseline and 24 hours.ResultsA total of 940 patients were included (mean age = 62.1 years, 61.5% men), of whom 214 (22.8%) experienced hematoma expansion. Of these, 567 (60.3%) met the definition of “fast bleeding” with baseline ICH volume/time to presentation of at least 5 ml/hr. Intensive BP reduction was associated with a significantly lower rate of hematoma growth in fast bleeding patients (20.6% vs 31.0%, p = 0.005). In a subgroup of 266 (46.9%) fast‐bleeding patients who received treatment within 2 hours after symptom onset, intensive BP lowering was associated with improved functional independence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–3.69, p = 0.031).InterpretationOur results suggest that early use of intensive BP reduction may reduce hematoma growth and improve outcome in fast bleeding patients. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:129–136
Boosting the “Solid–Liquid–Solid” Conversion Reaction via Bifunctional Carbonate‐Based Electrolyte for Ultra‐long‐life Potassium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ye Shufen , Yao Nan , Chen Xiang , Ma Mingze , Wang Lifeng , Chen Zhihao , Yao Yu , Zhang Qiang , Yu Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPotassium–sulfur (K−S) batteries have attracted wide attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the intractable shuttle effect of K polysulfides results in poor cyclability of K−S batteries, which severely limits their practical application. Herein, a bifunctional concentrated electrolyte (3 mol L−1 potassium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in ethylene carbonate (EC)) with high ionic conductivity and low viscosity is developed to regulate the dissolution behavior of polysulfides and induce uniform K deposition. The organic groups in the cathode electrolyte interphase layer derived from EC can effectively block the polysulfide shuttle and realize a “solid–liquid–solid” reaction mechanism. The KF‐riched solid‐electrolyte interphase inhibits K dendrite growth during cycling. As a result, the achieved K−S batteries display a high reversible capacity of 654 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 800 cycles and a long lifespan over 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1.
Epidemiological survey of feline viral infectious diseases in China from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Cao Longlong , Chen Qingxiu , Ye Zijun , Li Jiakang , Zhang Yan , Wang Ying , Chen Linwen , Chen Zhangbiao , Jin Jianyun , Cao Shengbo , Zhao Hongjin , Li Qiuyan , Zhou Dengyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo analyze the prevalence of feline viral diseases in China, including feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV‐1), and feline coronavirus (FCoV) infectious diseases from 2018 to 2020, swab samples from 304 cats and serum samples from 193 cats in 18 cities were collected. The etiological investigation results of 304 cats showed that 256 (84.21%) cats were positive, infected with at least one virus, and the positive rates for FPV, FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV were 61.51%, 10.86%, 4.61%, and 55.92%, respectively. The mixed infection exhibited high complexity, and a total of eight mixed infection patterns were detected. The risk factor analysis of each pathogen in different clinical scenarios indicated that FPV positive status was significantly related to all the studied diseases, FCV positive status exhibited the most significant association with gingivostomatitis and conjunctivitis, and FHV‐1 positive status was significantly related to upper respiratory tract disease, but FCoV positive status was not significantly related to any disease. Additionally, the prevalence of FPV exhibited a strong seasonality and was related to age, while the prevalence of FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV had nothing to do with season or age. FCV infection was sex related in cats, whereas the prevalence of FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV was not sex related. FPV, FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV were unrelated to breed or residential density. Antibody detection results of 193 serum samples by the virus neutralizing method indicated that the current commercial vaccines might not protect hosts against wild strains of FPV, FCV, and FHV‐1 in China. In general, this study enriches epidemiological survey data of common viral diseases in cats in China and provides a theoretical basis for further development of vaccines.
Plastic Chip Electrode: An Emerging Multipurpose Electrode Platform
Authors: Patel Kinjal B. , Luhar Sunil , Srivastava Divesh N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe properties of electrodes play a crucial role in the processes occurring on them. Therefore, a variety of materials have been tried as electrodes. Carbon composite materials are among the most admired ones. Use of composites as electrode material dates back to the mid of the last century when polymer‐carbon composites were tried as general‐purpose electrode platforms and epoxy impregnated graphite paste/ solid electrodes were tried in polarography. Later the composite electrodes have seen several phases of development. Plastic Chip Electrode (PCE) is a class of polymer composite electrode developed by our group. This monographic review gives a bird‘s eye account of polymer composite electrodes and appurtenant work, followed by elaborating on various aspects and state‐of‐the‐art plastic chip electrodes.
Advances in Continuous Flow Fluorination Reactions
Authors: Lee Tsz Chun , Tong Yi , Fu Wai Chung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFluorination reactions are important in constructing organofluorine motifs, which contribute to favorable biological properties in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, fluorination reagents and reactions are associated with various problems, such as their hazardous nature, high exothermicity, and poor selectivity and scalability. Continuous flow has emerged as a transformative technology to provide many advantages relative to batch syntheses. This review article summarizes recent continuous flow techniques that address the limitations and challenges of fluorination reactions. Approaches based on different flow techniques are discussed, including gas‐liquid reactions, packed‐bed reactors, in‐line purifications, streamlined multistep synthesis, large‐scale reactions well as flow photoredox‐ and electrocatalysis.
Improved long‐term outcomes after innovative preoperative evaluation and conception of precise surgery for gallbladder cancer
Authors: Jia Zi‐Yao , Zhu Yi‐Di , Wu Xiang‐Song , Yang Jing‐Xiao , Wu Wen‐Guang , Wang Xu‐An , He Min , Wang Hui , Yang Lin‐Hua , Zhang Jie , Li Xue‐Chuan , Zou Lu , Li Huai‐Feng , Zhang Fei , Bao Run‐Fa , Cui Xu‐Ya , Song Xiao‐Ling , Chen Wei , Gong Wei , Li Mao‐Lan , Liu Ying‐Bin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThree‐dimensional visualization preoperative evaluation (3D‐VPE) and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) have been suggested to improve outcomes of cancer surgery in patients, yet little is known regarding their clinical benefit in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC). We hypothesized that the combination of 3D‐VPE and ERAS would improve the outcome of patients undergoing surgery for GBC.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine if 3D‐VPE and ERAS can improve the outcomes and overall survival in patients with GBC, establishing a novel patient management strategy for GBC.MethodsA total of 227 patients with GBC were recruited and divided into two groups: those who received traditional treatment between January 2000 and December 2010 (n = 86; the control group) and those who underwent 3D‐VPE and ERAS between January 2011 and December 2017 (n = 141). Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the relationship among disease stages, lymph node invasion, and cell differentiation between the two groups. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate patient survival in these groups.ResultsPatients who underwent 3D‐VPE and ERAS showed a significantly higher R0 resection rate (67.4% vs. 20.9%, p < 0.001) and dissected lymph node number (26.6 ± 12.6 vs. 16.3 ± 7.6 p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The median survival was 27.4 months, and the 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates were 84.4% and 29.8%, respectively, in patients who received combined management; in the control cohort, the median survival was 12.7 months, and the 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates were 53.5% and 15.1%, respectively. In addition, some postoperative complications and risk factors were diminished relative to the traditionally treated patients.ConclusionThe implementation of 3D‐VPE and ERAS can significantly improve the prognosis and outcomes of patients with GBC and should be considered for wide use in clinical practice.
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon in an infant girl
Authors: Helligsø Louise , Mikkelsen Torben Stamm , Hvas Anne‐Mette 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageWe report a successful treatment course of an infant with mediastinal Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. As the current complex of diseases is rare and calls for highly specialized treatment, large prospective studies are lacking. This case provides an example of balanced treatment complicated by Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon, life‐threatening infections, and pericardial effusion.AbstractKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma are vascular benign tumors that can be associated with the rare condition Kasabach–Merritt Phenomenon (KMP). KMP is characterized by consumption coagulopathy with severe thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, and elevated D‐dimer. We here report successful treatment of a female infant with a mediastinal KHE where treatment was complicated by KMP, life‐threatening infections, and pericardial effusion. Due to the absence of randomized clinical trials, there is currently no standardized treatment protocol available for KHE. In our case, the infant was treated successfully with prednisolone, vincristine, and sirolimus.
“Holographic” Autostereoscopic Displays: A Perspective on Their Technology and Potential Impact in Chemistry
Authors: Svatunek Dennis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe three‐dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules is essential for understanding their properties and behavior. Traditional 2D representations and digital 3D models presented on 2D media often fall short in conveying the complexity of molecular structures. Autostereoscopic displays, often marketed as “holographic” displays, pose a potential solution to this challenge. These displays, with their multi‐view and single‐view configurations, promise to advance chemistry education and research by offering accurate 3D representations with depth and parallax. In this perspective, I delve into the possibilities and limitations of autostereoscopic displays in chemistry, discussing the underlying technology and potential applications, from research to teaching and science communication. Multi‐view autostereoscopic displays excel in facilitating collaborative work by enabling multiple viewers to simultaneously perceive the same 3D structure from different angles. However, they currently suffer from low resolution and high cost, which could limit their immediate widespread adoption. Conversely, single‐view autostereoscopic displays with eye‐tracking, while limited to one viewer at a time, provide higher resolution at a lower cost, thus suggesting that they might become the technology of the future given the balance of price to performance. Despite current limitations, autostereoscopic displays possess undeniable potential for shaping the future of chemistry education and research.
Beta Amyloid Oligomers with Higher Cytotoxicity have Higher Sidechain Dynamics
Authors: Yeh Chen‐Tsen , Chang Han‐Wen , Hsu Wen‐Hsin , Huang Shing‐Jong , Wu Meng‐Hsin , Tu Ling‐Hsien , Lee Ming‐Che , Chan Jerry Chun Chung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe underlying biophysical principle governing the cytotoxicity of the oligomeric aggregates of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides has long been an enigma. Here we show that the size of Aβ40 oligomers can be actively controlled by incubating the peptides in reverse micelles. Our approach allowed for the first time a detailed comparison of the structures and dynamics of two Aβ40 oligomers of different sizes, viz., 10 and 23 nm, by solid‐state NMR. From the chemical shift data, we infer that the conformation and/or the chemical environments of the residues from K16 to K28 are different between the 10‐nm and 23‐nm oligomers. We find that the 10‐nm oligomers are more cytotoxic, and the molecular motion of the sidechain of its charged residue K16 is more dynamic. Interestingly, the residue A21 exhibits unusually high structural rigidity. Our data raise an interesting possibility that the cytotoxicity of Aβ40 oligomers could also be correlated to the motional dynamics of the sidechains.
Representative velocity scale of Rayleigh‐Bénard convection with shear‐thinning fluids
Authors: Masuda Hayato , Iyota Hiroyuki , Ohta Mitsuhiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough natural convection is frequently encountered in various chemical processes, Rayleigh number (Ra) cannot be defined fully in shear‐thinning fluid systems. In particular, the velocity scale, which is necessary to estimate the effective viscosity of the system, should be discussed carefully. Thus, in this study, the representative velocity scale of Rayleigh‐Bénard (RB) convection, which is a typical example of natural convection, with shear‐thinning fluids was investigated based on the velocity fields obtained using computational fluid dynamics. Numerical simulations revealed that the critical temperature difference at which RB convection starts to fully develop decreases with an increase in the shear‐thinning property. The shear‐thinning property also induced subcritical bifurcation. In addition, the velocity scale of convection increases with an increase in the shear‐thinning property. Thus, the shear‐thinning property is considered to accelerate convection. Compared with several types of velocity scales used by other researchers, significant deviations from the actual scale were observed. Therefore, a new type of velocity scale, including the buoyant to viscous force ratio, arbitrary parameter, and thermal diffusivity, was proposed. The proposed velocity scale allowed an approximate estimation of the actual velocity scale. Although further investigation of the validity is necessary with varying geometries and rheological parameters, this velocity scale will be useful for controlling RB convection with Newtonian/shear‐thinning fluids.
Reduced myocardial work in asymptomatic heavy alcohol use and its correlation with epicardial adipose tissue volume and serum biomarkers
Authors: Gao Canran , Yin Jie , Hu Tingting , Liu Shuai , Zhao Xihai , Ding Haiyan , Lin Xue , Fang Ligang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether long‐term heavy alcohol use leads to early cardiac function decline.HypothesisLong‐term heavy alcohol use developed reduced cardiac function in subclinical status by analyzing myocardial work (MW). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and serum biomarkers contribute to identify potential factors sensitive in predicting early cardiac function decline.MethodsWe enrolled 31 asymptomatic participants with heavy alcohol use and 33 age and sex‐matching nondrinking individuals. Participants underwent echocardiography, MW analysis, EAT volume measurement, serum biochemical examinations, and body composition assessment. We used multivariate linear regression to identify correlation between MW and total cholesterol (TC), EAT volume, and placental growth factor (PlGF). To determine global work efficiency (GWE) below the normal reference value of 96%, we developed receiver operating curves with area under curve (AUC) to compare different combinations of TC, EAT volume, and PlGF.ResultsAll 64 participants were male. GWE was reduced in the alcohol use group compared with the control group (96, interquartile range [IQR] = [95–97.75] vs. 97, IQR = [97–98], p = .004). TC was positively associated with GWE (β = .434, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.228 to 1.328, p = .008), whereas EAT volume (β = −.398, 95% CI = −0.000446 to −0.000093, p = .005) and PlGF (β = −.493, 95% CI = −1.010 to −0.230, p = .004) were inversely associated with GWE. The most significant AUC for reduced GWE was TC + EAT volume (0.851, 95% CI = 0.671 to 1, p = .006).ConclusionAsymptomatic heavy alcohol use has shown early reduced cardiac function which can be associated with altered fat metabolism, suggesting individuals with alcohol use and abnormal fat metabolism need to be alert to heart damage.