bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Shift Work on Toxicology and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Zarbl Helmut 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The existence of biological clocks that control many of our daily activities and physiological functions has always been part of tacit knowledge. Biological clocks tuned to the earth's 24‐h light/dark cycles are a fundamental property of all life on earth. We now understand that essentially every cell in our body has a free‐running molecular clock with an intrinsic periodicity of ∼24 h. These peripheral clocks are synchronized by a central timekeeper in the brain whose periodicity is determined by the amount of light entering the eyes. The central pacemaker coordinates peripheral clocks with the earth's rotation cycle. Social activities, occupations, and environmental exposures (e.g., light pollution, working at night, stress, conflict, illness, social pressures, chemical exposures, noise, and lifestyle) that disrupt biological clocks affect the quality of our sleep, our sense of well‐being, as well as our ability to function, perform tasks and learn. More importantly, chronic circadian disruption negatively impacts our health and susceptibility to chronic diseases and aging. An estimated 20–30% of the modern workforce is employed in jobs that require working night shifts associated with circadian disruption, putting a significant fraction of the workforce at increased risk of poor performance, errors, accidents, and decreased quality of life and health. To address this increasing public health issue, toxicologists, industrial hygienists, and occupational health clinicians must understand mechanisms by which exposures disrupt biological clocks, and use this knowledge to develop and implement targeted preventive, interventions, and mitigation strategies to reduce risks.
Formaldehyde Exposure and Human Health Risks
Authors: Sonawane Babasaheb , Kancherla Jayaram 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter primarily focuses on the human health effects of formaldehyde inhalation exposure. It summarizes significant published findings and recently peer‐reviewed health risk assessments of national and international organizations on formaldehyde exposure including current regulatory standards.Formaldehyde is a flammable gas at room temperature and is found in consumer products and used in manufacturing processes, such as resins in composite wood products. Environmental exposure to formaldehyde can occur via inhalation, dermal, and ingestion routes. The most common route of formaldehyde exposure is inhalation resulting from breathing formaldehyde‐contaminated air. Formaldehyde enters the environment from natural and anthropogenic combustion sources, industrial on‐site releases, and off‐gassing of products containing formaldehyde. Acute and chronic exposures to formaldehyde through home furnishings, environmental contamination, cosmetics, and indoor and outdoor air pollution poses potential public health risks. Epidemiological, clinical, and experimental animal studies have shown that formaldehyde exposures are associated with potentially adverse human noncancer health outcomes. The epidemiologic evidence has shown an association between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal cancer as causal in human studies. Positive associations between formaldehyde exposure and lymphohematopoietic cancers have been reported for chemical workers, embalmers, anatomists, and pathologists. The mode(s) or mechanism(s) of formaldehyde exposure and reported cancers are not well understood; however, its exposure has been shown to be associated with the key events related to carcinogenicity.
Differential impact on motor unit characteristics across severities of adult spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Kelly Kristina Marie , Mizell Jordan , Bigdeli Ladan , Paul Samuel , Tellez Marco Antonio , Bartlett Amy , Heintzman Sarah , Reynolds Jerold Everett , Sterling Gary Brent , Rajneesh Kiran Francis , Kolb Stephen James , Elsheikh Bakri , Arnold William David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypotheses that decomposition electromyography (dEMG) motor unit action potential (MUAP) amplitude and firing rate are altered in SMA; dEMG parameters are associated with strength and function; dEMG parameters are correlated with traditional electrophysiological assessments.MethodsAmbulatory and non‐ambulatory adults with SMA on nusinersen and healthy controls were enrolled. MUAPs were decomposed from multielectrode surface recordings during 30‐s maximum contraction of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM). Isometric strength, upper limb function, patient‐reported function, and standard electrophysiologic measures of the ADM (compound muscle action potential [CMAP], single motor unit potential [SMUP], motor unit number estimation [MUNE]) were collected.ResultsdEMG MUAP amplitudes were higher in ambulatory versus control and non‐ambulatory groups and were higher in controls versus non‐ambulatory SMA. In contrast, dEMG firing rates were higher in ambulatory versus non‐ambulatory and control groups but similar between non‐ambulatory and control. dEMG parameters showed moderate to strong positive correlation with strength and function whereas CMAP and MUNE better correlated with function than strength. SMUP did not correlate with strength, function, or dEMG MUAP amplitude. dEMG parameters show overall good test–retest reliability.InterpretationdEMG provided reliable, noninvasive measure of MUAP amplitude size and firing rate and revealed divergent patterns across disease severity in adults with SMA. Firing rate enhancement, as seen in milder SMA, may provide a therapeutic avenue for improving function in more severe SMA, where firing rates appear preserved. MUAP amplitude size and firing rate, quantified with dEMG, may be promising monitoring biomarker candidates for noninvasive assessment of SMA.
Laminated Polymer‐Encapsulated Halide Perovskite Photoconductors
Authors: Huisman Bas A. H. , Bordoni Camilla , Ciavatti Andrea , Sessolo Michele , Fraboni Beatrice , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, a simple, solvent‐free method to fabricate polymer‐encapsulated halide perovskite photoconductors is described. Dry mechanochemical synthesis is used to prepare CsPbBr3 in the presence of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA). The resulting composite powder is then heated and pressed into a free‐standing disk with a thickness controlled by a metallic spacer ring. The disk can be laminated on a glass substrate patterned with interdigitated electrodes, resulting in a planar photoconductor device. The best photoconductive performance is obtained for disks that consist of 75 wt.% CsPbBr3 in PBMA, reaching a detectivity of ≈2 × 1011 Jones. Moreover, by adjusting the thickness of the disk, narrowband detectors can be obtained due to charge collection narrowing. Depending on the thickness of the pressed disk, the position and width of the detectivity peak can be tuned. At last, the disks are tested as possible absorber materials for X‐ray detectors, where ow detection limit, and fast and linear response are measured for perovskite‐polymer disks with 50 wt.% perovskite content. This work shows a simple and versatile approach toward the fabrication of halide perovskite photodetectors, which can be carried out in air and without the use of solvents.
High‐Performance Blue Perovskite Films and Micro‐Arrays for Light‐Emitting Diodes with Ionic Liquid Interlayer
Authors: Kim Min‐Seong , Sadhukhan Priyabrata , Myoung Jae‐Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention for light‐emitting diode (LED) applications due to their desirable optoelectronic properties including high brightness and color purity. However, the performance of blue perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) remains inferior to their red and green counterparts. Herein, an ionic liquid (IL), specifically 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is introduced as the interlayer on the hole transport layer (HTL). This IL demonstrates a strong interaction with the perovskite emissive layer, resulting in effective defect passivation and a shallower valence band maximum. Consequently, nonradiative recombination is reduced, and hole injection is enhanced. Additionally, a soft lithography method employing a transfer process is successfully developed that enables precise micropatterning of the perovskite light‐emitting layer. Through these advancements, the IL‐modified PeLED exhibits pure blue emission at 470 nm with a maximum luminance of 891 cd m−2 and an impressive maximum EQE of 8.3%. Furthermore, the micro PeLED with an IL interlayer achieves a maximum luminance of 400 cd m−2 and a maximum EQE of 3.9%.
Prussian Blue Analogues Cathodes for Nonaqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Shu Wenli , Han Chunhua , Wang Xuanpeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as a new energy storage system, offering a complementary solution to lithium‐ion batteries due to their cost‐effectiveness and significantly high theoretical energy density, making them suitable for large‐scale grid energy storage applications. The critical challenge PIBs face is the scarcity of appropriate high‐capacity cathode materials. Among the various contenders, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) stand out. The appeal of PBAs arises from their simple synthesis, economic viability, and a stable, open framework conducive to the insertion/extraction of large‐size K+. This review aims to provide an overview of current research progress on PBAs as cathode materials in nonaqueous PIBs. A comprehensive examination of the crystal structure and electrochemical reaction mechanisms of PBAs is undertaken, with a focus on prevalent optimization strategies in PIBs. Subsequent sections delve into designing and developing potassium‐based full cells architectures incorporating PBAs. The discourse culminates in a discussion on the requirements for transitioning PBAs PIBs from a laboratory setting to commercial production, aiming to chart a course for the development of advanced PIBs.
Designing Organic and Hybrid Surfaces and Devices with Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD)
Authors: Gleason Karen K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) technique is an all‐dry method for designing organic and hybrid polymers. Unlike methods utilizing liquids or line‐of‐sight arrival, iCVD provides conformal surface modification over intricate geometries. Uniform, high‐purity, and pinhole‐free iCVD films can be grown with thicknesses ranging from >15 µm to <5 nm. The mild conditions permit damage‐free growth directly onto flexible substrates, 2D materials, and liquids. Novel iCVD polymer morphologies include nanostructured surfaces, nanoporosity, and shaped particles. The well‐established fundamentals of iCVD facilitate the systematic design and optimization of polymers and copolymers. The functional groups provide fine‐tuning of surface energy, surface charge, and responsive behavior. Further reactions of the functional groups in the polymers can yield either surface modification, compositional gradients through the layer thickness, or complete chemical conversion of the bulk film. The iCVD polymers are integrated into multilayer device structures as desired for applications in sensing, electronics, optics, electrochemical energy storage, and biotechnology. For these devices, hybrids offer higher values of refractive index and dielectric constant. Multivinyl monomers typically produce ultrasmooth and pinhole‐free and mechanically deformable layers and robust interfaces which are especially promising for electronic skins and wearable optoelectronics.
A Practical Approach Toward Highly Reproducible and High‐Quality Perovskite Films Based on an Aging Treatment
Authors: Zou Yuqin , Bai Xinyu , Kahmann Simon , Dai Linjie , Yuan Shuai , Yin Shanshan , Heger Julian E. , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Roth Stephan V. , Chen Chun‐Chao , Zhang Jianping , Stranks Samuel D. , Friend Richard H. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSolution processing of hybrid perovskite semiconductors is a highly promising approach for the fabrication of cost‐effective electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, challenges with this approach lie in overcoming the controllability of the perovskite film morphology and the reproducibility of device efficiencies. Here, a facile and practical aging treatment (AT) strategy is reported to modulate the perovskite crystal growth to produce sufficiently high‐quality perovskite thin films with improved homogeneity and full‐coverage morphology. The resulting AT‐films exhibit fewer defects, faster charge carrier transfer/extraction, and suppressed non‐radiative recombination compared with reference. The AT‐devices achieve a noticeable improvement in the reproducibility, operational stability, and photovoltaic performance of devices, with the average efficiency increased by 16%. It also demonstrates the feasibility and scalability of AT strategy in optimizing the film morphology and device performance for other perovskite components including MAPbI3, (MAPbBr3)15(FAPbI3)85, and Cs0.05(MAPbBr3)0.17(FAPbI3)0.83. This method opens an effective avenue to improve the quality of perovskite films and photovoltaic devices in a scalable and reproducible manner.
Probing the Interface Evolution in Co‐sintered All‐Phosphate Cathode‐Solid Electrolyte Composites
Authors: Malaki Michael , Haust Johannes , Beaupain Jean Philippe , Auer Henry , Beyer Andreas , Wätzig Katja , Kusnezoff Mihails , Volz Kerstin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo achieve cohesive interfaces of solid components in next‐generation Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) composed of oxide cathodes and solid electrolytes (SEs) high‐temperature sintering is necessary which leads to material degradation and phase decompositions. Thermochemically compatible components can address these issues. In this work, advanced electron microscopy techniques are employed to investigate the structural and chemical evolution taking place at the interfaces between a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode and an in‐house optimized Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) SE co‐sintered between 650 °C – 850 °C. While the LFP particles exhibit excellent structural stability, the LATP particles phase transforms at elevated temperatures. At 650 °C, FeLi anti‐site defect is observed at the LFP grain boundaries. Between 750 and 850 °C, the LATP (R‐3c) transforms into two orthorhombic phases (Pbca and Pbcn) of the type Li1.3+xAl0.3FexTi1.7‐x(PO4)3 depending on Fe substitution while forming the cohesive interfaces. The discharge capacity of the composite decreases from 148 mAh g−1 at 650 °C to 130 mAh g‐1 at 850 °C confirming that the new phases are still electrochemically active. This study provides a spatially resolved insight into the formation of cohesive interfaces highlighting the advantage of employing components with similar anionic structures for further improvements in LIBs.
On the Corrosion Properties of Aluminum 2024 Laser‐Textured Surfaces with Superhydrophilic and Superhydrophobic Wettability States
Authors: Zschach Lis Geraldine , Baumann Robert , Soldera Flavio , Méndez Claudia Marcela , Apelt Sabine , Bergmann Ute , Lasagni Andrés Fabián 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, the mechanism of the corrosion behavior of laser‐treated aluminum is studied. Two different laser techniques are used to fabricate the samples, direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) and direct laser writing (DLW), using nanosecond laser sources. The DLIP treatment uses a two‐beam optical configuration producing line‐like periodic structures. The DLW technique is employed to produce non‐periodic structures on the Al‐surface with the same cumulated fluences as in DLIP. The surface topography is analyzed by confocal microscopy, and the formation of oxide layers is investigated by scanning electron microscopy of cross‐sections produced using a focused ion beam. Wetting measurements performed on the laser‐treated samples exhibit a contrasting behavior, leading to either superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic states. In the case of the DLIP treatment, the static water contact angle is increased from 81° up to 158°, while for DLW, it decreases to 3°. Electrochemical tests demonstrate a decreased corrosion rate after laser treatment. Additionally, findings indicate no correlation between wettability and corrosion reduction. Therefore, the improvement in corrosion resistance is mainly attributed to the oxide layer formed by laser treatment. Although similar corrosion rates are achieved for both treatments, surfaces produced with DLIP can be beneficial when additional surface properties are required.
Wafer‐Scale Synthesis of Mixed‐Dimensional Heterostructures via Manipulating Platinization Conditions
Authors: Lim Yi Rang , Jang Seunghun , Bae Garam , Jeon Hye Yoon , Jeon Cheolho , Song Da Som , Kwon Yeong Min , Jang Moonjeong , Yim Soonmin , Myung Sung , Lee Sun Sook , Chang Hyunju , Song Wooseok , An Ki‐Seok , Lim Jongsun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdW) hetero integration, which features exotic interplanar interactions derived from mixed‐dimensional heterostructures, is an emergent platform for implementing high‐performance electronics and broadband/wavelength‐tunable photodetectors. However, the production of large‐area 2D spatially homogeneous transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and elucidation of the electrostatic dynamics governing the interlayer interactions are two paramount prerequisites for realizing practical 2D‐TMD‐heterostructure‐based photodetectors. Here, a wafer‐scale synthesis of mixed‐dimensional Pt–MoS2‐based vdW heterostructures is unprecedentedly demonstrated by manipulating the platinization conditions. The rationally designed platinization yields dimensionality‐tailored Pt, including Pt nanofilm, Pt nanoparticles, and Pt atoms, with MoS2 as host platform. From density functional theory calculations, this study insights that Mo vacancy sites on the MoS2 surface are thermo‐dynamically favorable sites for Pt with an adsorption energy of −2.25 eV, then Pt clusters are sequentially formed neighboring the specific Pt‐substituted position with a formation energy of 1.30 eV. Intensive microscopic and spectroscopic analyses reveal the structural, chemical, and electrical features, validating the proposed dynamics‐related mechanism. The dimensionality‐tailored vdW heterostructures exhibit outstanding optoelectrical properties with excellent photoresponsivity (2.04 mA W−1) and highly sensitive detectivity (9.82 × 106 cm Hz1/2 W−1).
Recent Advancements in Synthesis of Phenanthridines via 2‐Isocyanobiphenyls
Authors: Dey Ashutosh , Kumar Vikash , Chatterjee Rana , Behera Ananya , Maurya Rohit Kumar , Burra Amarender Goud , Kumar Shubham , Khatravath Mahender , Dandella Rambabu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhenanthridines are a privileged heterocyclic compound that exists in many natural products and has been known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties. In the last few decades, an incredible development has taken place to synthesise this scaffold. In this regard, 2‐isocyanobiphenyl has become one of the most exploited substrates that allow the direct formation of phenanthridine derivatives under various novel and conventional methods. The present review provides an overview of synthetic approaches for the preparation of phenanthridine, and their derivatives form 2‐isocyanobiphenyls′′.
Synthesis of Stereocontrolled Degradable Polymer by Living Cascade Enyne Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Koo Bonwoo , Kim Cheoljae 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA stereocontrolled degradable polymer was synthesized via living cascade enyne metathesis polymerization. Highly stereodefined N,O‐acetal‐containing enyne monomers were prepared using the Pd‐catalyzed hydroamination of alkoxyallenes and ring‐closing metathesis. The resulting chiral polymer exhibited a narrow dispersity window. Block copolymers were prepared not only by sequentially adding nondegradable and degradable monomers but also by using enantiomerically different monomers to produce stereocontrolled blocks. Owing to the hydrolyzable N,O‐acetal moiety in the backbone structure, the resulting polymer could degrade under acidic conditions generated using various acid concentrations to control the degradation. Additionally, the aza‐Diels–Alder reaction modified the polymer without losing the stereochemistry.
High frequency radar transmittance in bumper and exterior trim parts molded from thermoplastic olefins (TPOs): Part I TPO base resin
Authors: Yang Charlie , Lu Jue , Guan Sabrina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn extensive investigation of the interaction of thermoplastic olefin (TPO) compounds with high frequency radar wave has been conducted to understand how TPO materials affect radar sensor efficiency, an important function for vehicle safety and especially the advancement of autonomous vehicles. In this article, the effect of major ingredients of a TPO on its dielectric properties was studied, and then a wide range of TPO compounds were evaluated for their radar transmittance or attenuation. It was demonstrated that the characteristics of polypropylene (PP) resin and rubber have little impact on the dielectric properties of a TPO, thus minimal influence on TPO's radar transparency, while increasing the talc loading in the compound increases the dielectric constant of the TPO. The TPO materials containing talc from 7% up to 34% were found to have dielectric constants ranging from 2.30 to 2.70 and nearly zero dielectric loss. Experiments confirmed that parts molded with these materials are transparent to high frequency radar wave at optimized thicknesses. Some pigments for coloring the materials also affect dielectric properties of TPOs, thus radar transmittance, with metal pigments showing the most impact. Finally, commercial TPO products are shown to have great batch to batch consistency in radar transmittance at a selected part thickness.
Anticancer Properties of Ru and Os Half‐Sandwich Complexes of N,S Bidentate Schiff Base Ligands Derived from Phenylthiocarbamide
Authors: Arshad Jahan Zaib , Tabassum Sana , Kiani Muhammad Shaheer , Arshad Sundas , Hashmi Muhammad Ali , Majeed Imran , Ali Hassan , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe versatile coordinating nature of N,S bidentate ligands is of great importance in medicinal chemistry imparting stability and enhancing biological properties of the metal complexes. Phenylthiocarbamide‐based N,S donor Schiff bases converted into RuII/OsII(cymene) complexes and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The hydrolytic stability of metal complexes to undergo metal‐halide ligand exchange reaction was confirmed both by the DFT and NMR experimentation. The ONIOM (QM/MM) study confirmed the histone protein targeting nature of aqua/hydroxido complex 2 aH with an excellent binding energy of −103.19 kcal/mol. The antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cells A549, MCF‐7, PC‐3, and HepG2 revealed that ruthenium complexes 1 a–3 a were more cytotoxic than osmium complexes and their respective ligands 1‐3 as well. Among these ruthenium cymene complex bearing sulfonamide moiety 2 a proved a strong cytotoxic agent and showed excellent correlation of cellular accumulation, lipophilicity, and drug‐likeness to the anticancer activity. Moreover, the favorable physiochemical properties such as bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption of ligand 2 also supported the development of Ru complex 2 a as an orally active anticancer metallodrug.