bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VERTEBRAL OSTEOMYELITIS: WHAT HAS CHANGED IN LAST 10 YEARS?
Authors: ELBAHR Umran Şumeyse , ÖZDEMİR Yusuf , KARAALİ Rıdvan , BALKAN İlker , SALTOĞLU Neşe , TABAK Fehmi , METE Birgül 
Published: April 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to describe the demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of vertebral osteomyelitis in the last decade, mainly by comparing literature and the previous case series performed in our center.
Material and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, descriptive study performed between 2009-2019 at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine. All patients were divided into three main groups: pyogenic (PVO), tuberculous (TVO) and brucellar (BVO).
Results: A total of 100 cases were included in this study. Of these 100 patients, 59 had pyogenic, 15 had brucellar and 26 had tuberculous spondylodiscitis. The disease developed postoperatively in 22 (37.4%) of the 59 PVO cases. The common isolated microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 6). BVO rate was lower than previous case series (15 vs. 24). The median time to improvement in the laboratory findings after the administration of the appropriate treatment was 14 days. PET-CT was diagnostic in 81.8% of PVO patients, similar to MRI. However, PET-CT diagnosis rate was significantly low in TVO patients (3 out of 9, p = 0.040).
Conclusion: S. aureus remained the most common etiologic agent. Coagulase negative staphylococci infection rate, mainly related to spinal surgery, and postoperative spondylodiscitis rate is higher than before. Brucellar VO rate is lower, which is mostly related to effective animal vaccination and pasteurization. Although, MRI is the gold standard, PET-CT is a promising technique in diagnosis for PVO.
AGN STORM 2. III. A NICER View of the Variable X-Ray Obscurer in Mrk 817
Authors: Partington Ethan R. , Cackett Edward M. , Kara Erin , Kriss Gerard A. , Barth Aaron J. , De Rosa Gisella , Homayouni Y. , Horne Keith , Landt Hermine , Zoghbi Abderahmen , Edelson Rick , Arav Nahum , Boizelle Benjamin D. , Bentz Misty C. , Brotherton Michael S. , Byun Doyee , Dalla Bontà Elena , Dehghanian Maryam , Du Pu , Fian Carina , Filippenko Alexei V. , Gelbord Jonathan , Goad Michael R. , González Buitrago Diego H. , Grier Catherine J. , Hall Patrick B. , Hu Chen , Ilić Dragana , Joner Michael D. , Kaspi Shai , Kochanek Christopher S. , Korista Kirk T. , Kovačević Andjelka B. , Kynoch Daniel , McLane Jacob N. , Mehdipour Missagh , Miller Jake A. , Panagiotou Christos , Plesha Rachel , Č. Popović Luka , Proga Daniel , Rogantini Daniele , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Sanmartim David , Siebert Matthew R. , Vestergaard Marianne , Ward Martin J. , Waters Tim , Zaidouni Fatima 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The AGN STORM 2 Collaboration targeted the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 817 for a year-long multiwavelength, coordinated reverberation mapping campaign including Hubble Space Telescope, Swift, XMM-Newton, NICER, and ground-based observatories. Early observations with NICER and XMM revealed an X-ray state 10 times fainter than historical observations, consistent with the presence of a new dust-free, ionized obscurer. The following analysis of NICER spectra attributes variability in the observed X-ray flux to changes in both the column density of the obscurer by at least one order of magnitude (N
H ranges from

2.85

−
0.33

+
0.48

×

10

22

cm

−
2

to

25.6

−
3.5

+
3.0

×

10

22

cm

−
2

) and the intrinsic continuum brightness (the unobscured flux ranges from 10−11.8 to 10−10.5 erg s−1 cm−2). While the X-ray flux generally remains in a faint state, there is one large flare during which Mrk 817 returns to its historical mean flux. The obscuring gas is still present at lower column density during the flare, but it also becomes highly ionized, increasing its transparency. Correlation between the column density of the X-ray obscurer and the strength of UV broad absorption lines suggests that the X-ray and UV continua are both affected by the same obscuration, consistent with a clumpy disk wind launched from the inner broad-line region.
Effects of Magnetic Fields on Gas Dynamics and Star Formation in Nuclear Rings
Authors: Moon Sanghyuk , Kim Woong-Tae , Kim Chang-Goo , Ostriker Eve C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nuclear rings at the centers of barred galaxies are known to be strongly magnetized. To explore the effects of magnetic fields on star formation in these rings and nuclear gas flows, we run magnetohydrodynamic simulations in which there is a temporally constant magnetized inflow to the ring, representing a bar-driven inflow. The mass inflow rate is 1M
⊙ yr−1, and we explore models with a range of field strength in the inflow. We adopt the TIGRESS framework developed by Kim & Ostriker to handle radiative heating and cooling, star formation, and resulting supernova (SN) feedback. We find that magnetic fields are efficiently amplified in the ring due to rotational shear and SN feedback. Within a few 100 Myr, the turbulent component B
trb in the ring saturates at ∼35 μG (in rough equipartition with the turbulent kinetic energy density), while the regular component B
reg exceeds 50 μG. Expanding superbubbles created by clustered SN explosions vertically drag predominantly toroidal fields from near the midplane to produce poloidal fields in high-altitude regions. The growth of magnetic fields greatly suppresses star formation at late times. Simultaneously, strong magnetic tension in the ring drives radially inward accretion flows from the ring to form a circumnuclear disk in the central region; this feature is absent in the unmagnetized model.
First national record of Microhyla hmongorum Hoang, Nguyen, Phan, Pham, Ninh, Wang, Jiang, Ziegler and Nguyen, 2022 (Anura, Microhylidae, Microhyla) in China
Authors: Wu Yun-He , Yu Zhong-Bin , Lu Chen-Qi , Felista Kasyoka Kilunda , Hou Shao-bing , Jin Jie-Qiong , Chen Jin-Min , Zhang Dong-Ru , Yuan Zhi-Yong , Che Jing 
Published: April 2023

To date, 10 species of the genus Microhyla have been recorded in China, of which six were distributed in Yunnan Province. Microhyla hmongorum Hoang, Nguyen, Phan, Pham, Ninh, Wang, Jiang, Ziegler, and Nguyen, 2022 was also speculated to be distributed in Xishuangbana, Yunnan Province, China. However, there is no evidence of documentation of M. hmongorum.
We report the first country record of Microhyla hmongorum, based on specimens collected from Yunnan border region. Morphologically, the specimen was consistent with the original descriptions of M. hmongorum. Phylogenetically, the sequences of the specimens from China clustered with the sequence of type specimens of M. hmongorum from Vietnam, with uncorrected pairwise distances of 0.9% at the 16S gene fragment analysed. Therefore, we report M. hmongorum as a new record species in China.
MHC Class I Ligands of Rhesus Macaque Killer Cell Ig-like Receptors
Authors: Anderson Jennifer L , Sandstrom Kjell , Smith Willow R , Wetzel Molly , Klenchin Vadim A , Evans David T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Definition of MHC class I ligands of rhesus macaque killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is fundamental to NK cell biology in this species as an animal model for infectious diseases, reproductive biology, and transplantation. To provide a more complete foundation for studying NK cell responses, rhesus macaque KIRs representing common allotypes of lineage II KIR genes were tested for interactions with MHC class I molecules representing diverse Macaca mulatta (Mamu)-A, -B, -E, -F, -I, and -AG alleles. KIR–MHC class I interactions were identified by coincubating reporter cell lines bearing chimeric KIR-CD3ζ receptors with target cells expressing individual MHC class I molecules and were corroborated by staining with KIR IgG-Fc fusion proteins. Ligands for 12 KIRs of previously unknown specificity were identified that fell into three general categories: interactions with multiple Mamu-Bw4 molecules, interactions with Mamu-A–related molecules, including allotypes of Mamu-AG and the hybrid Mamu-B*045:03 molecule, or interactions with Mamu-A1*012:01. Whereas most KIRs found to interact with Mamu-Bw4 are inhibitory, most of the KIRs that interact with Mamu-AG are activating. The KIRs that recognize Mamu-A1*012:01 belong to a phylogenetically distinct group of macaque KIRs with a 3-aa deletion in the D0 domain that is also present in human KIR3DL1/S1 and KIR3DL2. This study more than doubles the number of rhesus macaque KIRs with defined MHC class I ligands and identifies interactions with Mamu-AG, -B*045, and -A1*012. These findings support overlapping, but nonredundant, patterns of ligand recognition that reflect extensive functional diversification of these receptors.
A Single Nasal Dose Vaccination with a Brucella abortus Mutant Potently Protects against Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Wang Hongbin , Clapp Beata , Hoffman Carol , Yang Xinghong , Pascual David W 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Brucella abortus double-mutant (ΔznuA ΔnorD Brucella abortus-lacZ [znBAZ]) was assessed for its protective efficacy after vaccination with a single nasal dose. Superior protection was achieved in znBAZ-vaccinated mice against pulmonary, wild-type B. abortus 2308 challenge when compared with conventional livestock Brucella abortus vaccines, the smooth S19 (smooth B. abortus strain 19 vaccine) and rough RB51 (rough mutant vaccine strain of B. abortus) strains. Nasal znBAZ vaccination reduced splenic and lung colonization by wild-type brucellae by &gt;3–4 logs. In contrast, S19 reduced lung colonization by only 32-fold, and RB51 failed to reduce colonization. One profound attribute of znBAZ vaccination was the &gt;3-fold increase in pulmonary CD8+ T cells when compared with other vaccinated groups. S19 vaccination increased only CD4+ T cells. All vaccines induced IFN-γ and TNF-α production by CD4+ T cells, but only znBAZ vaccination enhanced the recruitment of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells, by &gt;100-fold. IL-17 by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was also induced by subsequent znBAZ vaccination. These results demonstrate that, in addition to achieving protective immunity by CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, specifically resident memory T cells, also confer protection against brucellosis. The protection obtained by znBAZ vaccination was attributed to IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells, because depletion of CD8+ T cells throughout vaccination and challenge phases abrogated protection. The stimulation of only CD4+ T cells by RB51- and S19-vaccinated mice proved insufficient in protecting against pulmonary B. abortus 2308 challenge. Thus, nasal znBAZ vaccination offers an alternative means to elicit protection against brucellosis.
COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Akhouri Deoshree , Madiha Maria , Ahmed Jameel 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The coronavirus pandemic has affected more than 14 million people in the world. Adults are somehow able to manage their stress created by the most fearful disease. However, it is the children and adolescents who are most affected by COVID-19 lockdown.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on adolescent's psychosocial factors.

Materials and Methods:
Using the Google Form link, a questionnaire was developed and an online survey was conducted. This online questionnaire consisted of 40 items assessing personal, social, academic, and family domains related to adolescents.

Results:
A total of 223 responses were obtained. The results indicate that 6.5% of adolescents experience extreme level of anxiousness, 29.8% become little irritable and angry, affecting their personal/emotional domain. About 12.6% of the adolescents are uncomfortable with social distancing and 48.4% of them greatly miss their friends; 38.1% miss their school and 28.8% are unable to clear their doubts through online teaching. Mathematics was the most uncomfortable subject for them to deal with 49.8%. About 79% of adolescents suffer mildly from family distress, 43.3% (extremely) are eagerly waiting for the lockdown to end.

Conclusion:
Among all four domains, the family domain was the most affected due to COVID-19 lockdown, followed by social, academic, and personal domains.
Prevalence of medical comorbidity in early onset versus late-onset depression in Vindhya region
Authors: Singh Rajesh , Ahuja Sunil K. , Singh Amrendra , Shakya Makhan , Pathak Umesh , Rure Daisy 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Late-onset depression differs significantly from early-onset depression according to clinical features, physical comorbidities, cognitive impairment, and cerebrovascular abnormalities, which suggest that these might have differing etiopathological pathways toward the depressive phenotype.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to identify comorbid physical disorders with late-onset depression.

Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted in inpatients of the Department of Psychiatry during a period of 18 months. A study consisted of 60 patients of first depressive episode diagnosed using International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria, segregated 2 different groups of Early onset depression (between 40 and 65 years) and late-onset depression (LOD) (>65 years) with 30 patients each.

Results:
In LOD group, predominant comorbidities were hypertension 56.6%, cerebrovascular disease 36.6%, diabetes 33.3%, cardiovascular disease 23.3%, and anaemia 23.3%, followed by respiratory illnesses, arthritis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and cirrhosis. While, in early-onset depression group, common comorbidities were hypertension (13.3%), anemia (10%), arthritis (10%), and diabetes (6.6%).

Conclusions:
Hypertension cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease were the predominant comorbidities in late-onset as well as early onset depression.
A study of dementia in old age homes
Authors: Saldanha Daniel , Mani R. N. , Mujawar Swaleha , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: April 2023

Background:
By 2040, dementia is projected to rise exponentially by 300% in India. Studies addressing the need for psychiatric care in the community being few and those focusing in old age homes even fewer, a study was undertaken to study the prevalence of dementia and the association with sociodemographic factors and psychiatric morbidity.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 558 elderly aged 60 years and above, residing in old age homes in Pune were studied. 179 inmates were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Those who scored a predetermined cut-off score on the screening tool were included to undergo a detailed physical and neurological examination, cognitive profile using subtests from the cognitive test (community screening instrument for Dementia of 10/66 group).

Results:
Mean age of the sample was 75.02 years majority (39.7%) was in the 60–70 years group. Males 25.7% versus females 74.3%. The sample consisted of the following socioeconomic groups: 40.2% middle, 26.3% low middle, 24% high middle, 8.4% high income, and 1.1% in low income. 60.3% widow/widower category, 36.3% never married, 4.5% had family history of dementia. Mean scores of mini mental state examination in the overall sample was 26.02 compared to 18.02 in those cut-off point of 23. The prevalence of dementia in the sample was 22.9%. There was the high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric morbidity in the dementia group than the rest. Frontal lobe dysfunction and impairment of orientation with increasing severity of dementia were observed.

Conclusions:
Sociodemographic factors, which were considered protective against the prevalence of dementia, identified were less restriction in physical activity and having fish in the diet regularly.
Psychiatric morbidity in absentees in industry
Authors: Reddy Indla Ramasubba , Singh Aakanksha B. , Reddy Indla Vishal 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Absenteeism refers to a worker's unscheduled absence from the workplace. Around the world, a large share of mental disorders can be attributed to work productivity losses. Despite industries working on improvement in employees' wages, better work environment and improved health care to improve their mental health. Absenteeism continues to be a global burden.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to explore the factors influencing absenteeism.

Materials and Methods:
A sample size of 100 workers was selected and standardized, and reliable research tools were employed. Factors influencing absenteeism such as the sociodemographic factors, personality traits, psychiatric morbidity, family typology, and interactions were studied using relevant scales, i.e., Eysenck's Personality Inventory and Family Typology by Batti and Channabasavanna.

Results:
Study found that absentees were more emotionally stable, whereas regulars were found to be emotionally unstable. Factors were found to be associated with absenteeism such as low income, 11–20 years of service, low mean neuroticism score, chronic physical disease, high psychiatric morbidity among the workers, egoistic and anomic family typology. This study reveals that a significantly higher proportion of absentees had a low pay scale. Paradoxically, a high proportion of absenteeism had a longer duration service, indicating that the low pay scales could have resulted from disciplinary actions against absentees, like loss of increments, etc.

Conclusion:
Psychosis, alcoholism, and chronic physical illnesses are among the illnesses which contribute to absenteeism.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Singh Yujal Man , Prakash Jyoti , Chatterjee Kaushik , Khadka Bharat , Shah Ayushma , Chauhan Vinay Singh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an entity of clinical attention prominent among schoolgoing students. The reported nature and extent of Internet gaming varies widely, as does the extent of its effects.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IGD and factors associated with it.

Methods:
After institution ethics approval, individual assent, and parental consent, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 142 students of a school in western Maharashtra. A specially designed sociodemographic pro forma and IGD Scale were administered to the students. Data thus generated were statistically analyzed and compared with published literature.

Results:
The prevalence of IGD was 10.6% among 13–19-year-old students. It was significantly higher among male students (15.3%) than female students (3.5%). Multivariate logistic regression found IGD to be significantly associated with male gender and lower age at first gameplay.

Conclusions:
IGD affects a tenth of our schoolgoing population with a male preponderance. Lower age at first gameplay had an adverse association.
Exploring Outcomes in Formal Physical Therapy Mentorship Programs
Authors: Becker Emily S. , Grant Michael , Witte Maria M. , Deveikis Lauren T. , Traisman Rachel K. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
While formal mentorship is a valued development tool, there is limited information regarding these programs within physical therapy. This study aims to identify factors that influence mentorship program outcomes, including increasing mentee confidence and perception of improved clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-five physical therapists participated in a 38-question online survey regarding their employer’s mentorship program within the first 5 years of practice. Responses regarding the mentorship program’s structure, quality of mentorship experiences, and frequency of best practice behaviors demonstrated by the mentor were collected using five-point Likert-type scales for agreement and frequency. Associations between mentorship practices and mentorship outcomes were analyzed via Chi-square and Cramer’s V likelihood ratios.

Results:
All indicators related to mentorship best practices showed strong associations with the intended outcomes for formal mentorship programs of increased mentee confidence and improved perception of clinical outcomes. These associations ranged from χ
2(36) = 153.202, P = <0.001, V = 0.667 to χ
2(36) = 186.946, P = <0.001, V = 0.805. The same three variables of creating safe learning environments, being invested in the mentee’s growth, and preparing for the session had the strongest associations with these mentorship program outcomes ranging from χ
2(36) = 171.378, P = <0.001, V = 0.778 to χ
2(36) = 186.946, P = <0.001, V = 0.805.

Conclusions:
Though the results demonstrated that mentees reported overall positive experiences, formal mentorship programs should find additional ways to incorporate mentorship best practices. Creating a safe learning environment, investing in a mentee’s growth, and preparing for mentorship sessions, in particular, bolster mentorship program outcomes of increasing mentees’ confidence and perception of improved overall clinical outcomes.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Assisted Insulin Dose Titration in the Indian Outpatient Setting
Authors: Ganti Sri Ramya , Gurazada Kalyan Chakravarthy 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Monitoring blood glucose levels is an important aspect in the overall management of an individual with diabetes mellitus. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system is an effective tool that enables physicians to do so by way of regular automated checks of sensor glucose (SG).

Aims:
In this article, we discuss in detail on how CGM technology works, practical aspects of its application and how CGM data are interpreted. We describe the different glucose sensors available in India and suggest when and whom to use them. We also evaluate the effectiveness of CGM-assisted titration of insulin dose in our hyperglycemic patients and discuss the results.

Settings and Design:
This is a single-center retrospective observational study of insulin-treated patients with diabetes attending the endocrinology outpatient department, who opted for a CGM-assisted insulin dose titration.

Subjects and Methods:
Monitoring was done using the Freestyle libre pro™ CGM system and insulin doses were titrated on regular follow-ups every 3–4 days for a total of 2 weeks. Patients who had an average SG level of more than 250 mg/dl on day 1 of monitoring, and had CGM data for a minimum of 12 days were included (n = 73). Data were analyzed using CGM-specific glucometrics including average SG and estimated A1c (eA1c) reduction, and changes in the percentage time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), and time above range (TAR).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Not applicable.

Results:
When compared to day 1, the last day (D12–14) of CGM-assisted insulin dose titration showed: 1. An average SG reduction of 164.1 mg/dl (321.34 mg/dl → 157.24 mg/dl). 2. An eA1c reduction of 4.98% (12.08% → 7.1%). 3. An average TIR improvement of 51.21% (3.8% → 55.01%). 4. An average TAR reduction of 62.06% (96.12% → 34.06%). 5. An average increase in TBR from 0% to 10.21%. Target TIR >70% was achieved by 31/73 patients on D12-14, compared to 0/73 on day 1. Target TAR <25% was achieved by 43/73 patients on D12-14, compared to 0/73 on day 1. Target TBR <5% was not achieved by 21/73 patients on D12-14 when compared to 0/73 on day 1.

Conclusions:
CGM is a novel, easy-to-use, useful technology easily available in India for all patients with diabetes. We have demonstrated that quick and effective glycemic reduction is possible with CGM-assisted insulin dose titration within a short period of 2 weeks.