bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Disease Occurrence, Feeding Management and Return Over Feed in Ontario Dairy Herds
Authors: McLaren C. , Lissemore K. , Leslie K. , Duffield T. , Kelton D. , Grexton B. 
Published: February 2023

On a worldwide basis, dairy industries of most countries are becoming increasingly concerned with factors that impact return on investment. Historically, research has focused on the relationship between management, production-limiting disease and milk production. However, few studies have quantified their association with herd economics.
The objectives of this research are to examine the relationship between profitability as measured by the Ontario Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) Corporation's Return over Feed (ROF) index, and herd characteristics such as milk production, somatic cell count linear score and health management practices. The ROF index will also be used to assess on-farm health and disease information that includes lameness, clinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, retained placenta (RP), displaced abomasum (DA), milk fever, monensin use and ration particle size. Herd level incidence risks for subclinical ketosis and subclinical mastitis will be evaluated by using the California Mastitis Test and the KetoTestO ketone test in early postpartum cows. Subsequently, the associations between the risk of disease, management factors and ROF will be determined.
Effect of Parturition Induction of Term Pregnancies on Calf Survival, Production and Reproduction in Holstein Dairy Cows
Authors: Villarroel A. , Lane V. M. 
Published: February 2023

Longer gestations are correlated with higher birth weights, and larger calves are correlated with an increased rate of stillbirths and dystocias. Cows that experience stillbirths have a higher risk for periparturient diseases such as retained placenta (RP), downer cow syndrome, metabolic diseases, lower milk production, decreased fertility and higher risk of dying or being culled. Preventing long gestations via parturition induction may prevent delivery of larger calves and dystocia in cows. Parturition induction has been reported as a management tool to maximize utilization of pastures in Australia and New Zealand. In that situation, all cows are induced to calve or abort independent of their gestation length, causing high incidence of RP and lower milk production in the subsequent lactation.
We hypothesize that a single dose of dexamethasone given to induce parturition in cows that are past the average due date (1) will decrease perinatal calf and dam mortality; (2) will decrease the incidence of RP; and (3) will have no negative effect on milk production in the subsequent lactation when compared to non-induced cows.
Characterization of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Genetics, Antibody Response and Viremia from a Group of BVDV Persistently Infected Calves
Authors: Chase C. C. L. , Braun L. J. , Holler L. , Neill J. , Ridpath J. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause major problems in the US cattle industry. BVDV persistent infections are the result of fetal infections in the first trimester of pregnancy. Persistently infected animals are a major reservoir of the virus in nature and are extremely efficient at spreading the virus among cattle populations. Understanding the nature of persistent infections and developing diagnostics and surveillance schemes that eliminate PI animals is vital to the control of BVDV. In this study we look at variations in clinical presentation, viral spread, immune response and viral stability in a large group of calves infected with the same BVDV strain.
Parameters of Ear Notch Samples for BVDV Testing
Authors: Ridpath J. F. , Hessman B. E. , Neill J. D. , Fulton R. W. , Step D. L. 
Published: February 2023

Infection with bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) is a major source of economic loss for the US cattle industry. Houe (2003) estimates that losses in areas where BVD is endemic range between $10 to 40 million per million calvings. Results of serology surveys in the US suggests that our losses are in the upper end of this range (Houe et al, 1995a; Houe et al, 1995b; Paisley et al, 1996). In 2004, 37.6 million calves were born in the US; thus, US losses by this estimate would be between $376 million to 1.5 billion for 2004. The 2005 calf crop was ~37.8 million, making the 2005 estimate very similar to that of 2004.
While BVDV infections are well recognized as reproductive pathogens among dairy producers, producers are less aware that BVDV infections are also associated with increased respiratory disease, increased severity of secondary infections and decreased milk production. Persistently infected (PI) animals are the major vectors for spreading BVDV within and among herds. Based on studies of dairies of 100 cows or more, Joly et al (2005) estimated that the presence of one PI animal in a herd resulted in a loss of $1.93/cwt of milk sold. Studies estimate that 10-15% of US herds have at least one PI animal (Houe et al, 1995c; Wittum et al, 2001). In 2004, US dairies produced 170,805 million lb (77,638 kg) of milk. If 10% to 15% of dairy herds have at least one PI animal, then the cost to milk production is between $330 to 494 million per year.
Control efforts in the US are geared towards identifying and eliminating Pis. Several tests based on detection of either antigen or viral RNA in blood, serum, bulk milk or skin biopsies are currently in use (Cornish et al, 2005; Fulton et al, 2006). Ear notch samples have become the tissue of choice for screening for PI animals because 1) they are easy to collect; 2) equipment requirements are minimal; 3) they are not affected by presence of passive antibodies; and 4) they can be used as the sample for a wide variety of tests including immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction and antigen-capture ELISA.
While ear notches have become one of the samples of choice, there is little information available regarding sample size requirements and stability. Further, while pooling of ear notch samples has been proposed for reducing the cost of surveillance programs (Kennedy et al, 2006), the viral load available for detection from ear notch samples is largely undetermined. The purpose of this study was to establish working parameters for sample size, viral detection limit and sample storage conditions for real-time PCR and antigen-capture ELISA.
Neospora
Authors: Gay John M. 
Published: February 2023

Although more research is needed to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis, our current knowledge is likely sufficient for developing effective control and monitoring strategies. The decision of whether or not it makes sense to monitor and control the infection in a given herd depends on a complex set of factors that differ between herds and regions. Control likely should be considered in the light of resource limitations, management goals and other problems and opportunities faced by the herd. Several authors have suggested that practitioners should consider performing a cost-benefit analysis on each herd to determine the critical prevalence threshold for undertaking a herd control program and to determine the best strategy. Currently the optimal control method appears to be testing potential replacements for seronegativity prior to their selection, but the optimal strategy will likely change with increased understanding, and as improved vaccines and even therapies emerge.
Simplicity does not precede complexity, but follows it.
(Alan Perlis)
Hiring High Quality Dairy Farm Workers
Authors: Erven Bernard L. 
Published: February 2023

Dairy managers face a major challenge in finding and keeping quality employees. Finding the quality employees is absolutely necessary if profitability, growth and excellence goals are to be reached. Finding employees can become an urgent or even a critical problem threatening the future of the business.
No simple or even complex recipe guarantees hiring success. Luck is not the answer. The employer who seems lucky in always finding high quality people rarely is in fact lucky. Instead, such producers are depending on carefully made plans and a reputation as an excellent employer that has been patiently built. The answer lies in each employer developing a plan for filling positions.
Growth, grain yield, and water productivity of different rice varieties in response to irrigation management techniques
Authors: Zabihpour Roushan Mojtaba , Bagheri Ali , Asadi Reza , Akbari Nodehi Davod , Shirdel Shahmiri Fazl 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe higher water consumption in the flooding irrigation system has challenged rice cultivation. Applying irrigation management techniques that help to save water and increase water productivity is necessary to deal with water shortage. We evaluated the growth, yield, water consumption, and water productivity responses in rice genotypes to irrigation management techniques. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Mazandaran. The treatments were four rice varieties (Toloo, Tarom, Tisa, and Shiroudi) as main plots and six irrigation methods (continuous flooding irrigation (CFI) from transplanting to 20 days after 50% flowering (I1), CFI from transplanting to 15 days after 50% flowering (I2), CFI from transplanting to 10 days after 50% flowering (I3), CFI from transplanting to 5 days after 50% flowering (I4), CFI from transplanting to flowering stage (I5), and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation from transplanting to 20 days after 50% flowering (I6)) as sub-plots. The results showed that the Toloo genotype had the highest grain yield, lowest water consumption, and greatest water productivity compared with other studied genotypes. The I6 treatment with a slight reduction in yield (6% yield loss) was able to increase water-saving by 17.3%.
Evolutionary History of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Families: The Ancestral Origin in Mammals and Duplication Patterns
Authors: Nawaz Yasir , Zaib Khan Ali , Tanvir Fouzia , Ambreen Sadaf , Zafar Javaria , Umar Asma , Majeed Imran , Tariq Hamna 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cancer is a condition that involves the irregular progression of cells with the
capacity to enter and move to other portions of the body. Peto’s paradox shows there is no relation between
large body size and cancer risk.

Objectives:
To assess the phylogenetic analysis of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes of breast cancer.

Methods:
Data was collected from the ensemble genome browser and NCBI. A BLAST search was done,
and FASTA sequences were collected. MEGA X version 5 software was used for phylogenetic analysis.
Alignment was made by Clustal W, and two trees were constructed as a neighbor-joining tree and maximum
likelihood trees as vertical and circular. The accuracy was confirmed by the bootstrap method (at
500 pseudoreplicates).

Results:
The results show that there were 9 copies of the tp53 gene in elephants are present due to which
elephants have less chance of getting cancer. This proves that Peto’s paradox is true. The evolutionary
study of genes set, present on the FGFR-bearing chromosomes, i.e., Hsa1 to Hsa4, Hsa6 to Has 9, Hsa11
to Hsa14, Hsa17, Hsa18, Hsa21, Hsa22, and HsaX. The phylogenetic trees of 10 gene families, including
4 genes from tumor suppressor genes and 6 genes from oncogenes, were generated with vertebrate sequences.

Conclusion:
Higher animals have less chance to develop cancer because of huge body mass and longevity
and increased number of genes in their body. Different oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are associated
with different species. All genes have two or more paralogues except BRCA, CHECK, MEN,
NUP, and SUFU genes.
Statin Associated Muscular Adverse Effects
Authors: Kammoun Rania , Charfi Ons , Lakhoua Ghozlane , Zaiem Ahmed , Daghfous Riadh , Kastalli Sarrah , Aouinti Imen , Aidli Sihem El 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Statins are widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and in the prevention
of cardiovascular diseases. However, they may induce muscular adverse effects that range
from asymptomatic elevation of creatine kinase to life threatening rhabdomyolysis.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of
patients with muscular adverse effects.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study over a ten-year period from January
2010 to December 2019. We included all cases of statin associated muscular adverse effects notified
to the Tunisian National Centre of Pharmacovigilance during this period.

Results:
The study involved 22 muscular adverse effects related to statins (28% of all adverse
events reported with statins during this period). Patient’s mean age was 58.7 years and the sex ratio
was 1.6. There were 12 cases of isolated creatine kinase elevation, 5 cases of myalgia, 3 cases of
myopathy, one case of myositis and one case of rhabdomyolysis. Muscular adverse effects occurred
7 days to 15 years after starting this drug. In all cases, the statin was withdrawn after muscular
adverse effects and resolution of symptoms was observed within 10 days to 18 months. In seven
cases, creatine kinase persisted elevated for 18 months. Involved statins were atorvastatin, simvastatin,
rosuvastatin and fluvastatin.

Conclusion:
Early recognition of muscle symptoms is required to prevent rhabdomyolysis. Further
researchare needed to completely elucidate the pathophysiology of statin-induced muscular adverse
effects.
Mechanical Performance Analysis of Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing under Microbevel Parameters
Authors: Zhang Yanqin , Tao Jianting , Ni Shiqian , Zhao Rong 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Heavy-duty hydrostatic bearings of the original parallel friction pair are
prone to hydrostatic loss problems during operation.

Aims:
The aim is to solve the problem of lubrication failure, the original hydrostatic oil pad was
designed as a micro-inclined plane, and the dynamic pressure caused by the micro-wedge of the oil
pad at a higher speed was used to compensate for the static pressure loss of the bearing.

Objective:
This study aims at a new type of q1-205 micro bevel double rectangular cavity hydrostatic bearing.

Methods:
The mathematical model of oil film theoretical analysis of hydrostatic bearing with the
micro-inclined surface was established, including the flow equation of a double rectangular cavity
with a micro-inclined surface and static and dynamic bearing capacity equation.

Results:
In this paper, the mechanical properties of oil film with tilt height between 0 and 0.1mm
were simulated with variable viscosity, and the distribution law of pressure field under different
working conditions was obtained. Through the experimental study, the pressure data of parallel flat
pads and tilting pads under different working conditions are measured and compared with the simulation
data.

Conclusion:
The pressure loss value of the Δh ≈ 70μm oil pad designed in this paper is relatively
small under extreme working conditions. The overall loss rate is about 10% ~ 20%, and the dynamic
pressure compensation rate is about 16%. The dynamic pressure generated by the slight inclination
Angle can well compensate for the static pressure loss.
Peptides for Dual Targeting of ErbB1 and ErbB2: Blocking EGFR Cell
Signaling Transduction Pathways for Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Patnaik Sunil Kumar , Swaroop Akey Krishna , Nagarjuna Palathoti , Nanjan Moola Joghee , Chandrasekar Moola Joghee Nanjan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases involving dysregulated cell proliferation. Chemotherapeutic drugs have serious drawbacks of nonspecific
toxicity and drug resistance. Tyrosine kinases are a significant class of enzymes of protein kinases. The four members of the trans-membrane
family of tyrosine kinase receptors known as the human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), ErbB1/HER1, ErbB2/HER2/neu,
ErbB3/HER3, and ErbB4/HER4, are overexpressed in many forms of cancer. These receptors are crucial for cell division, invasion, metastasis,
angiogenesis, and uncontrolled activation of cancer cells. In this context, an attractive combination of anticancer drug targets is ErbB1 and ErbB2.
Numerous cancer types exhibit overexpression of ErbB1 and ErbB2, which is linked to poor prognosis and causes resistance to ErbB1-targeted
therapy. Further, it has been reported in recent years that the use of peptides as anticancer agents have the potential to circumvent the drawbacks of
the currently used chemotherapeutic drugs. Among them, short peptides have several advantages when compared to small molecules. The present
report reviews the importance of tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer, the role of peptides as therapeutic agents, and the investigations that have
been carried out by earlier workers for targeting both ErbB1 and ErbB2 using therapeutic peptides.
Nanotechnology Trends in Food Processing and Food Packaging
Authors: Undugoda Lanka , Jayaweera Yohan , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Priyadarshana Gayan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Food is a basic need of every living being in the world. Food production and demand do not match well in many countries due to social, technical, and technological factors. Therefore, food industries need to be developed beyond their limits. The introduction of nanotechnology to the food industry can expand the capabilities in terms of food processing and preservation aspects directly. Furthermore, nanotechnology facilitates better thermal stability, better solubility, food security, preservation capabilities, and novel and high bioavailability foods. It is a nanometer-scale technology that operates with materials having a size range of 1-100 nanometers. This review focuses on the recent approaches to nanotechnology in the food industries. For instance, enhancement of bioavailability of food using nanoencapsulation, nano emulsification, and nanoprecipitation, nanomaterials in food packaging applications such as active packaging, improved packaging, smart packaging, antimicrobial properties of different nanomaterials, application of nanotechnology on food pathogen detection, safety issues, and future trends are the key components of this review. Recent studies and research have shown the positive results of nanotechnology and proven their importance and possibilities in contributing to the food sector. However, there are some safety concerns about nanotechnology-related applications. Therefore, lots of research are conducted on the potential risk of nanoparticles on essential organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, epididymis, testis, ovary, and uterus-like organs. Moreover, the safety issues of nanotechnology on human health, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic density increment, and apoptotic body appearance, have been reported due to some nanoparticles, including silver, titanium, and zinc oxide.
Validated RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Chrysin in Bulk Form and
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Application
Authors: Wadhwa Sheetu , Parveen Shaik Rahana , Singh Sachin Kumar , Kapoor Bhupinder , Rani Pooja , Vishwas Sukriti 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Chrysin, a flavonoid, occurs naturally in plants and possesses many pharmacological
actions, but there is a lack of suitable analytical methods for its estimation.

Objective:
To develop a simple analytical method and validate it for the estimation of chrysin using
reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).

Methods:
Isocratic elution was carried out in methanol and 0.1% v/v formic acid in a 70:30 ratio using a
C-18 reverse-phase column. The flow rate was set to 1 mL min-1 and the detection wavelength at 268 nm.
As per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, the developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision,
system suitability, and robustness.

Results:
The retention time of Chrysin was found at 10.269 min. In the concentration range of 2-10
μg/mL, the developed method was linear with a regression coefficient (R2) value of 0.998. The mean
percentage recovery of chrysin was found within 95-105% at all three levels, which confirms that the
developed method was accurate. Moreover, the % RSD was found to be less than 2% confirming that the
developed method was precise. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.071
and 0.217 μg/mL. Moreover, the validated method was robust with no significant changes in response to
variation in flow rate, mobile phase composition, wavelength, and different lots of columns.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that the developed method has passed all validation tests and was successfully
applied to estimate the presence of Chrysin in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations.
Recent Advances in Polymer-supported Proline-derived Catalysts for
Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Shajahan Rubina , Sarang Rithwik , Ramakrishnan Roopak , Saithalavi Anas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The last two decades have witnessed tremendous growth in organocatalysis, especially using
proline and related catalysts in a wide range of organic processes. Along with this, the heterogenization of
organocatalysts over suitable support systems also emerged as an effective approach for addressing some
of the major drawbacks associated with classical organocatalysts. Polymer-immobilized catalysts, in particular,
are extremely stable under reaction conditions with excellent recyclability and reusability. Moreover,
this approach offers green chemistry standards and is, thereby, supportive of large-scale industrial
manufacturing processes. This article summarises the developments using polymer immobilized prolinederived
systems as efficient organocatalysts for various asymmetric transformations in Aldol, Michael,
Mannich, cyclization reactions, etc.