bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Casein Kinase 1α Regulates Testosterone Synthesis and Testis Development in Adult Mice
Authors: Guo Hongzhou , Zhang Di , Zhou Yewen , Sun Longjie , Li Changping , Luo Xuan , Liu Jiali , Cui Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCasein kinase 1α (CK1α) is a main component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which participates in multiple biological processes. Our recent study demonstrated that CK1α is expressed in both germ cells and somatic cells of mouse testes and regulates spermatogenesis. However, little information is known about the role of CK1α in regulating the development of somatic cells in mouse testes. Our results demonstrated that conditional disruption of CK1α in murine Leydig cells sharply decreased testosterone levels; markedly affected testis development, sperm motility, and sperm morphology; and caused subfertility. The germ cell population was partially decreased in CK1α conditional knockout (cKO) mice, while the proliferation of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells was not affected. Furthermore, in vitro results verified that luteinizing hormone upregulates CK1α through the luteinizing hormone/protein kinase/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/extracellular regulated protein kinases/2 signaling pathway and that CK1α interacts with and phosphorylates EGFR, which subsequently activates the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, thereby promoting testosterone synthesis. In addition, high-dose testosterone propionate partially rescued the phenotype observed in cKO mice. This study provides new insights into the role of CK1α in steroidogenesis and male reproduction.
Poetry Will Not Optimize; or, What Is Literature to AI?
Authors: Elam Michele 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Literature, poetry, and other forms of noncommercial creative expression challenge the techno-instrumentalist approaches to language, the predictive language generation, informing NLP (large natural language processing models) such as GPT-3 or -4 as well as, more generally, generative AI (text to image, video, audio). Claims that AI systems automate and expedite creativity reflect industry and research priorities of speed, scale, optimization, and frictionlessness driving much artificial intelligence design and application. But poetry will not optimize; the creative process cannot be reduced to a prompt. Some have noted that literary creations generated or augmented by artificial intelligence at best can offer form without meaning; using a GPT creation prompted by Maya Angelou’s poem “Still I Rise” as a case study, this essay argues that NLP’s predictive language generation and what I call algorithmic ahistoricity can also, more disturbingly, render meaning senseless. In doing so, GPT-3’s literary experiments are not “failed” because they do not meet some moving target of a literary standard, nor because of technological insufficiency, but because it can make it harder for people to name and navigate their realities. The coda explores an example of AI as literary interlocutor and creative engagement beyond optimization.
Cell state transitions: catch them if you can
Authors: Miroshnikova Yekaterina A. , Shahbazi Marta N. , Negrete Jose , Chalut Kevin J. , Smith Austin 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The Company of Biologists’ 2022 workshop on ‘Cell State Transitions: Approaches, Experimental Systems and Models’ brought together an international and interdisciplinary team of investigators spanning the fields of cell and developmental biology, stem cell biology, physics, mathematics and engineering to tackle the question of how cells precisely navigate between distinct identities and do so in a dynamic manner. This second edition of the workshop was organized after a successful virtual workshop on the same topic that took place in 2021.
Measuring the needs of dementia patients' caregivers: An assessment study from King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: almugti Hani , Alatram Hussain , Alkhaldi Amani , Fadhel Abdulaziz , Almalki Khalid , Aldhamen Khlood , Alghamdi Rokaya , Al Zhrani Somaya , Alenizi Athbi , Altamimi Ahoud , Baawad Faris , Bin Afif Waad , Mkrshy Ahmed , Al Suliman Amal , Alotaibi Arwa 
Published: March 2023

Background: Globally, dementia is estimated to become more prevalent as the population is aging. Patients with dementia are demanding on the long-term care from their caregivers. In order to maintain their well-being and minimize the impacts of long-term care, caregivers need comprehensive and supportive health services. This study aimed to improve and redesign the current healthcare service by assessing the needs of Saudi dementia patients' caregivers using carers' needs assessment for dementia (CNA-D). Methods: Through a cross-sectional design and convenient sampling technique (non-probability Sampling), this study was carried out in two Saudi home care centers. The caregivers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (n=276) were enrolled in the study and completed the interview questionnaire. Data collection lasted for two months (September and October 2022). A Chi-square test was performed to determine the statistical significance between participants' responses and their demographic data Results: The majority of caregivers were females (76%). Their mean age was 38 years, ranging from 21 to 67 years. Two-thirds of caregivers spent more than one year on direct caregiving. About 60% of patients were male, and half were grandparents. Most caregivers (71%) did not live with their patients in the same household. Although caregivers rated all the addressed 13 needs in the present study as important, knowing more about the diseases was most important among caregivers of high education level. Further, long-term care gave caregivers more experience and reduced the need for practical support services. Conclusion: The results show that the principal caregiver in Saudi families were females, and a large proportion of dementia patients were males. There were variations in rating the importance of the addressed needs, which were associated with caregivers' demographic characteristics. The findings of this survey demonstrate the importance of assessing the needs of family caregivers when developing social and healthcare services.
Gradient-Based Simulation Optimization Algorithms via Multi-Resolution System Approximations
Authors: Xu Jingxu , Zheng Zeyu 
Published: March 2023

We propose gradient-based simulation-optimization algorithms to optimize systems that have complicated stochastic structure. The presence of complicated stochastic structure, such as the involvement of infinite-dimensional continuous-time stochastic processes, may cause the exact simulation of the system to be costly or even impossible. On the other hand, for a complicated system, one can sometimes construct a sequence of approximations at different resolutions, where the sequence has finer and finer approximation resolution but higher and higher cost to simulate. With the goal of optimizing the complicated system, we propose algorithms that strategically use the approximations with increasing resolution and higher simulation cost to construct stochastic gradients and perform gradient search in the decision space. To accommodate scenarios where approximations cause discontinuities and lead path-wise gradient estimators to have an uncontrollable bias, stochastic gradients for the proposed algorithms are constructed through finite difference. As a theory support, we prove algorithm convergence, convergence rate, and optimality of algorithm design under the assumption that the objective function for the complicated system is strongly convex, whereas no such assumptions are imposed on the approximations of the complicated system. We then present a multilevel version of the proposed algorithms to further improve convergence rates, when in addition the sequence of approximations can be naturally coupled. History: Accepted by Bruno Tuffin, Area Editor for Simulation. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1279 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0289 ) at ( http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7485443 ).
Cloud Computing Value Chains: Research from the Operations Management Perspective
Authors: Chen Shi , Moinzadeh Kamran , Song Jing-Sheng , Zhong Yuan 
Published: March 2023

Problem definition: Cloud computing is recognized as a critical driver of information technology–enabled innovations. The operations management (OM) community, however, has not been exposed enough to the essential operations problems that arise from the management of cloud value chains. Academic/practical relevance: In this paper, we examine recent research on cloud value chains and explore future research opportunities from an OM perspective. In particular, we focus on major operations management challenges facing a cloud provider in three problem domains: (1) cloud computing resource management, (2) pricing in the cloud computing marketplaces, and (3) capacity planning and management of cloud supply chains. Methodology: We describe prevalent business models and management practices in the cloud value chains, discuss recent research from OM that falls into each of the three problem domains mentioned, and point out opportunities for future research. Results: We note that cloud computing operations are driven by demand that exhibits distinct characteristics, including complex workflow, demand redundancy, multifeatured characteristics, multidimensional resource requirement, and nonstationarity. On the supply side, cloud computing operations also exhibit distinct characteristics, including heterogeneous resources, packing constraints, preconfigured (“bundled”) supply, technology risks, and cost uncertainty. These characteristics of demand and supply are not all prevalent in other operations. Managerial implications: Cloud computing operations not only share many features with classic OM problems, but also bring new challenges and innovative business models. Thus, OM tools and research have the potential to provide vital insights into cloud computing operations and impact management practices in the cloud industry, which, in turn, can stimulate much innovative research from the OM perspective. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1178 .
Cryopreserved amniotic membrane in the treatment of limb skin defects of aplasia cutis congenita: a case study
Authors: Su Jing , Ye Danyan , Yang Lujun 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To report the efficacy and long-term outcomes of treating the skin defects of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) with cryopreserved amniotic membrane (AM). Method: Human amnion was obtained from the caesarean delivery of a full-term healthy pregnancy and processed in a sterile laminar flow hood, and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The structure of the AM was investigated histologically and the viability of the epithelial cells was assessed after cryopreservation and compared with fresh AM and with AM preserved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 4°C. The cryopreserved AM was applied onto the lower limb skin defects of a one-month old baby with ACC. Timely AM changes were performed as necessary until the wounds healed. Results: The structure of the cryopreserved AM was intact, with little visible difference compared with fresh AM. The viability of the epithelial cells was partially lost but still much better retained than in those preserved in PBS at 4°C. The limb skin defects were gradually re-epithelialised upon application of the AM and were completely healed after one month. The 4-month and 2-year follow-ups presented good skin texture and colour, without hypertrophic scar formation. Conclusion: In this case study, cryopreservation of AM presented a well preserved stromal compartment and viable epithelial layer. It also offered features such as pain relief, good attachment and adhesiveness, improved wound healing and suppressed scar formation in the treatment of ACC skin defects.
Emission peak shifted incoherent random laser through the combined effects of coupling of surface plasmons in a triangular shaped silver nanostructure, microbubbles, and the waveguiding mechanism
Authors: Dey Arindam , Pramanik Ashim , Mondal Koushik , Biswas Subrata , Chatterjee Udit , Kumbhakar Pathik 
Published: March 2023

The random laser (RL) is now becoming an essential tool for various photonics applications, and a plethora of research advancements in RL coupled with developments in the field of techniques of syntheses of various nanostructured materials is taking place. But the realization of tuning the peak emission wavelength of RL is still very challenging. However, in this report we have demonstrated an emission peak shifted tunable low threshold incoherent RL in the visible region in a gain medium of a commercially available dye laser material and by employing the rarely used scatterer materials of triangular silver nanoparticles (TSN), microbubbles, and the waveguiding mechanism. The scattering properties of trapped microbubbles, along with the localized surface plasmon resonance property of TSN of appropriate concentration within waveguided thin films composed of glass substrates, have been methodically investigated to demonstrate the reduction in lasing threshold and tunability in the peak emission wavelength. A two-fold reduction in RL threshold by addition of TSN in the disordered system, along with a considerable narrowing down of the emission spectra to a few nanometers, are obtained. Furthermore, the peak emission wavelength shift of 6 nm is reported by suitably changing the system configuration by the addition of an optimum concentration of TSN along with trapped microbubbles. The as-developed system shows high-quality laser performance with the maximum value of η=0.64, a quantity describing the ratio of the number of stimulated radiative photons within RL and the total number of emissive photons. We propose that the total internal reflections from the microbubble surface, along with plasmonic enhancement and scattering from the TSN, mediate the waveguided RL to achieve the low threshold. Therefore, this report is an early step towards demonstrating efficient RL in a ternary scattering system. Many more avenues for investigating this developing research issue may be helpful for the future development of affordable and robust optoelectronic devices.
Ultrashort pulse generation in erbium-doped fiber lasers in South America: a historical review
Authors: de Souza E. A. Thoroh , Steinberg David , Saito Lucia A. M. , Rosa Henrique G. , Zapata Juan D. , de Matos Christiano J. S. , Fragnito Hugo L. , Brito Cruz Carlos H. 
Published: March 2023

This paper reviews the scientific contributions of the last 30 years on erbium-doped fiber laser ultrashort pulse generation in South America. The focus is on contributions authored in South American institutions. It reveals a wide variety of laser cavities, ranging in length from a few centimeters to tens of kilometers, and optical pulses, from tens of femtoseconds to nanoseconds, with fully controlled average and peak powers. Furthermore, different approaches for ultrashort pulse generation using active (synchronous and asynchronous) and/or passive mode-locking techniques are discussed, as well as the employment of nonlinear optical phenomena (Kerr effect) and several two-dimensional nanomaterials as saturable absorbers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, graphene oxide, reduced-graphene oxide, semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorus. Finally, the paper revisits and discusses several advances, important milestones, and records on ultrashort pulse generation in erbium-doped fiber lasers, with many essential outcomes attesting to the high quality of research carried out in South America in the field of ultrafast fiber lasers.
Design tradeoffs between traditional hexagonal and emerging cubic InXGa(1–X)N/GaN-based green light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Jaekwon , Leburton Jean-Pierre , Bayram Can 
Published: March 2023

Here, we report on the design tradeoffs between traditional hexagonal and emerging cubic InXGa(1−X)N/GaN-based green (520nm≤λ≤550nm) light-emitting diodes with special emphasis on the electron blocking layer, number of quantum wells, and thicknesses of quantum wells and barriers. We identified three crucial design rules for cubic green light-emitting diodes: (1) no need for an electron blocking layer; (2) use of a wide quantum well; and (3) choice of thin quantum barriers in multi-quantum well light-emitting diode designs. These design rules increase the internal quantum efficiency of cubic green light-emitting diodes by ∼30.5% under 100A/cm2 injection with respect to traditional designs. Overall, the design rules of cubic light-emitting diodes and their differentiating nature from the traditional, hexagonal ones are crucial for the advent of next-generation cubic light-emitting diodes.
Large and small financial incentives may motivate COVID-19 vaccination: A randomized, controlled survey experiment
Authors: Fishman Jessica , Mandell David S. , Salmon Mandy K. , Candon Molly 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Experts continue to debate how to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates. Some experts advocate for financial incentives. Others argue that financial incentives, especially large ones, will have counterproductive psychological effects, reducing the percent of people who want to vaccinate. Among a racially and ethnically diverse U.S. sample of lower income adults, for whom vaccine uptake has lagged compared with higher income adults, we empirically examine such claims about relatively large and small guaranteed cash payments.

Methods
In 2021, we conducted a randomized, controlled experiment among U.S. residents with incomes below $80,000 who reported being unvaccinated against COVID-19. Study participants were randomized to one of four study arms. In two arms, respondents first learned about a policy proposal to pay $1,000 or $200 to those who received COVID-19 vaccination and were then asked if, given that policy, they would want to vaccinate. In the two other arms, respondents received either an educational message about this vaccine or received no vaccine information and were then asked if they wanted to vaccinate for COVID-19. The primary analyses estimated and compared the overall percentage in each study arm that reported wanting to vaccinate for COVID-19. In other analyses, we estimated and compared these percentages for subgroups of interest, including gender, race/ethnicity, and education.

Main results
Among 2,290 unvaccinated adults, 79.7% (95%CI, 76.4–83.0%) of those who learned about the proposed $1,000 payment wanted to get vaccinated, compared with 58.9% (95%CI, 54.8–63.0%) in the control condition without vaccine information, a difference of 20 percentage points. Among those who learned of the proposed $200 payment, 74.8% (95% CI, 71.3–78.4%) wanted to vaccinate. Among those who learned only about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, 68.9% (95% CI, 65.1–72.7%) wanted to vaccinate. Findings were consistent across various subgroups.

Discussion
Despite several study limitations, the results do not support concerns that the financial incentive policies aimed to increase COVID-19 vaccination would have counterproductive effects. Instead, those who learned about a policy with a large or small financial incentive were more likely than those in the control condition to report that they would want to vaccinate. The positive effects extended to subgroups that have been less likely to vaccinate, including younger adults, those with less education, and racial and ethnic minorities. Financial incentives of $1,000 performed similarly to those offering only $200.
Staphylococcus aureus binding to Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Filter: Effects of surface protein expression and treatment duration
Authors: Seffer Malin-Theres , Weinert Martin , Molinari Gabriella , Rohde Manfred , Gröbe Lothar , Kielstein Jan T. , Engelmann Susanne 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Extracorporeal blood purification systems represent a promising alternative for treatment of blood stream infections with multiresistant bacteria.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyse the binding activity of S. aureus to Seraph affinity filters based on heparin coated beads and to identify effectors influencing this binding activity.

Results
To test the binding activity, we used gfp-expressing S. aureus Newman strains inoculated either in 0.9% NaCl or in blood plasma and determined the number of unbound bacteria by FACS analyses after passing through Seraph affinity filters. The binding activity of S. aureus was clearly impaired in human plasma: while a percent removal of 42% was observed in 0.9% NaCl (p-value 0.0472) using Seraph mini columns, a percent removal of only 10% was achieved in human plasma (p-value 0.0934). The different composition of surface proteins in S. aureus caused by the loss of SarA, SigB, Lgt, and SaeS had no significant influence on its binding activity. In a clinically relevant approach using the Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Filter and 1000 ml of human blood plasma from four different donors, the duration of treatment was shown to have a critical effect on the rate of bacterial reduction. Within the first four hours, the number of bacteria decreased continuously and the reduction in bacteria reached statistical significance after two hours of treatment (percentage reduction 64%, p-value 0.01165). The final reduction after four hours of treatment was close to 90% and is dependent on donor. The capacity of Seraph® 100 for S. aureus in human plasma was approximately 5 x 108 cells.

Conclusions
The Seraph affinity filter, based on heparin-coated beads, is a highly efficient method for reducing S. aureus in human blood plasma, with efficiency dependent on blood plasma composition and treatment duration.
Augmented Legal Services
Authors: Beresford Daniel , Krebs Jens H 
Published: March 2023

This article considers the opportunities of LegalTech in law firms. It assesses the long-term benefits of a commoditization of legal services and the progress that the industry has made in achieving this. It will become clear that the sector is still operating traditionally, mostly ignoring technological advancements. Thus, there ought to be an analysis of what is holding back the sector and individual firms. The focal points of this analysis will be connected systems, LegalTech providers and the risks of stasis. Finally, heed will be paid to the potential incentives which might assist in the greater adoption of LegalTech.
Keywords: LegalTech; law in practice; access to justice; legal services; augmentation.
Restorative Justice, Desistance and Trauma-Informed Practice in the Youth Justice System
Authors: Mouhiddin Adnan , Adams Jack 
Published: March 2023

Trauma-informed practice involves understanding the impact of trauma on an individual’s life and how trauma has a direct impact on behaviour. It is an approach that has been implemented in various sectors such as education, health and the justice system. There appears to be a direct link between trauma and crime whereby the majority of those who offend in the UK have experienced trauma such as abuse and neglect during their childhood or adult life. It follows, therefore, that it is vital for trauma-informed practice to be implemented in the justice system as this may enable the future desistance of offenders and consequently reduce crime. Using restorative justice as an approach, this article will demonstrate the impact of trauma-informed practice on offending. This article, therefore, explores key principles around restorative justice and examines how trauma-informed practice that adopts a restorative approach may tackle issues around the wellbeing of young offenders and their desistance as well as the victims of their offending behaviour.
Keywords: restorative justice; trauma-informed practice; justice system; desistance; deviance; young people.