bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the epidemiology of iNTS disease in Africa in preparation for future iNTS- vaccine studies in endemic countries: Seroepidemiology in Africa of iNTS (SAiNTS) Study Protocol [Version 9.0]
Authors: Dale Helen , Chirwa Esmeda , Patel Priyanka , Makuta Georgina , Mwakiseghile Felistas , Misiri Theresa , Kadwala Innocent , Mbewe Maurice , Banda Happy , Silungwe Niza , Chizani Kenneth , Kambiya Paul , Henrion Marc , French Neil , Nyirenda Tonny , Gordon Melita ,   Vacc-iNTS
Published: January 2023

Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a major cause of bloodstream infections amongst children in sub-Saharan Africa. A clear understanding of the seroepidemiology and correlates of protection for invasive NTS (iNTS) in relation to key risk factors (malaria, anaemia, malnutrition) in children in Africa is needed to inform strategies for disease control including vaccine implementation. Methodology: The SAiNTS study is a prospective community cohort study with paired serology samples from 2500 children 0-5 years at baseline and three months to measure age-stratified acquisition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen antibody (IgG) and serum bactericidal activity to the main serovars causing iNTS (Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidis). Children are selected from mapped and censused randomly selected households in Chikwawa, Malawi; an area with substantial malaria burden. The sampling framework is set within a malaria vaccination (RTS,S/ AS01) phase 4 cluster randomized trial (EPIMAL), allowing exploration of the impact of malaria vaccination on acquisition of immunity to NTS. Data on risk factors for invasive disease: malaria, anaemia and malnutrition as well as indicators of socioeconomic status and water and sanitation, will be collected using rapid diagnostic tests, anthropometry and electronic CRF’s. Stool sample analysis includes NTS culture and pan-Salmonella polymerase chain reaction to assess enteric exposure and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction. Cases with iNTS disease will be followed up for comparison with community controls. Conclusions: The final cohort of 2500 children will allow investigation into the impact of risk factors for iNTS on the acquisition of immunity in children 0-5 years in an endemic setting, including comparisons to partner sero-epidemiology studies in three other sub-Saharan African sites. The data generated will be key to informing iNTS disease control measures including targeted risk factor interventions and vaccine implementation through investigation of correlates of protection and identifying windows of immune susceptibility in at-risk populations.
Mi PROTECT: A personalized smartphone platform to report back results to participants of a maternal-child and environmental health research cohort program in Puerto Rico
Authors: Cardona Cordero Nancy R. , Lafarga Previdi Irene , Torres Héctor R. , Ayala Ishwara , Boronow Katherine E. , Santos Rivera Amailie , Meeker John D. , Alshawabkeh Akram , Cordero José F. , Brody Julia Green , Brown Phil , Vélez Vega Carmen M. 
Published: January 2023

Background
The PROTECT Center is a multi-project initiative that studies the relationship between exposure to environmental contaminants and preterm births during the prenatal and postnatal period among women living in Puerto Rico. PROTECT’s Community Engagement Core and Research Translation Coordinator (CEC/RTC) play a key role in building trust and capacity by approaching the cohort as an engaged community that provides feedback about processes, including how personalized results of their exposure to chemicals should be reported back. The goal of the Mi PROTECT platform was to create a mobile-based application of DERBI (Digital Exposure Report-Back Interface) for our cohort that provides tailored, culturally appropriate information about individual contaminant exposures as well as education on chemical substances and approaches to exposure reduction.

Methods
Participants (N = 61) were presented with commonly used terms in environmental health research related to collected samples and biomarkers, followed by a guided training on accessing and exploring the Mi PROTECT platform. Participants evaluated the guided training and Mi PROTECT platform answering a Likert scale in separated surveys that included 13 and 8 questions, respectively.

Results
Participants provided overwhelmingly positive feedback on the clarity and fluency of presenters in the report-back training. Most participants reported that the mobile phone platform was both accessible and easy to navigate (83% and 80%, respectively) and that images included in the platform facilitated comprehension of the information. Overall, most participants (83%) reported that language, images, and examples in Mi PROTECT strongly represented them as Puerto Ricans.

Conclusions
Findings from the Mi PROTECT pilot test informed investigators, community partners and stakeholders by demonstrating a new way to promote stakeholder participation and foster the “research right-to-know.”
Essential childhood immunization in 43 low- and middle-income countries: Analysis of spatial trends and socioeconomic inequalities in vaccine coverage
Authors: Dimitrova Anna , Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel , Richardson Robin , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: January 2023

Background
Globally, access to life-saving vaccines has improved considerably in the past 5 decades. However, progress has started to slow down and even reverse in recent years. Understanding subnational heterogeneities in essential child immunization will be critical for closing the global vaccination gap.

Methods and findings
We use vaccination information for over 220,000 children across 1,366 administrative regions in 43 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys. We estimate essential immunization coverage at the national and subnational levels and quantify socioeconomic inequalities in such coverage using adjusted concentration indices. Within- and between-country variations are summarized via the Theil index. We use local indicator of spatial association (LISA) statistics to identify clusters of administrative regions with high or low values. Finally, we estimate the number of missed vaccinations among children aged 15 to 35 months across all 43 countries and the types of vaccines most often missed. We show that national-level vaccination rates can conceal wide subnational heterogeneities. Large gaps in child immunization are found across West and Central Africa and in South Asia, particularly in regions of Angola, Chad, Nigeria, Guinea, and Afghanistan, where less than 10% of children are fully immunized. Furthermore, children living in these countries consistently lack all 4 basic vaccines included in the WHO’s recommended schedule for young children. Across most countries, children from poorer households are less likely to be fully immunized. The main limitations include subnational estimates based on large administrative divisions for some countries and different periods of survey data collection.

Conclusions
The identified heterogeneities in essential childhood immunization, especially given that some regions consistently are underserved for all basic vaccines, can be used to inform the design and implementation of localized intervention programs aimed at eliminating child suffering and deaths from existing and novel vaccine-preventable diseases.
Trends in the likelihood of receiving percutaneous coronary intervention in a low-volume hospital and disparities by sociodemographic communities
Authors: Wang Christina , Lindquist Karla , Krumholz Harlan , Hsia Renee Y. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Over the past two decades, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capacity has increased while coronary artery disease has decreased, potentially lowering per-hospital PCI volumes, which is associated with less favorable patient outcomes. Trends in the likelihood of receiving PCI in a low-volume center have not been well-documented, and it is unknown whether certain socioeconomic factors are associated with a greater risk of PCI in a low-volume facility. Our study aims to determine the likelihood of being treated in a low-volume PCI center over time and if this likelihood differs by sociodemographic factors.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 374,066 hospitalized patients in California receiving PCI from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. Our primary outcome was the likelihood of PCI discharges at a low-volume hospital (<150 PCI/year), and secondary outcomes included whether this likelihood varied across different sociodemographic groups and across low-volume hospitals stratified by high or low ZIP code median income.

Results
The proportion of PCI discharges from low-volume hospitals increased from 5.4% to 11.0% over the study period. Patients of all sociodemographic groups considered were more likely to visit low-volume hospitals over time (P<0.001). Latinx patients were more likely to receive PCI at a low-volume hospital compared with non-Latinx White in 2010 with a 166% higher gap in 2018 (unadjusted proportions). The gaps in relative risk (RR) between Black, Latinx and Asian patients versus non-Latinx white increased over time, whereas the gap between private versus public/no insurance, and high versus low income decreased (interaction P<0.001). In low-income ZIP codes, patients with Medicaid were less likely to visit low-volume hospitals than patients with private insurance in 2010; however, this gap reversed and increased by 500% in 2018. Patients with low income were more likely to receive PCI at low-volume hospitals relative to patients with high income in all study years.

Conclusions
The likelihood of receiving PCI at low-volume hospitals has increased across all race/ethnicity, insurance, and income groups over time; however, this increase has not occurred evenly across all sociodemographic groups.
Correlation study of FGF23/D-serine in maintenance hemodialysis patients with combined hearing impairment
Authors: Yuan Dunlu , Li Jiaqing , Guo Min , Yang Qing , Huang Jingjing , Nie Jingwen , Li Ruomei , Li Qing 
Published: January 2023

Background
Recent studies have reported an association between chronic renal failure and hearing impairment. Yet, the exact mechanism of action is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and D-serine in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) complicated with hearing impairment and further investigated the correlation between FGF23/D-serine and hearing impairment.

Methods
A total of 90 subjects, including 30 MHD patients complicated with hearing impairment, 30 MHD patients with normal hearing, and 30 controls, were included in this case-control study. Relevant data were obtained by questionnaire survey, audiometric test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine FGF23 level, and high-performance liquid chromatography to determine D-serine level.

Results
MHD patients showed abnormally high expression of FGF23 and D-serine, where FGF23 and D-serine levels were significantly higher in the group with hearing impairment than in the group with normal hearing and normal controls (all P<0.01). Also, elevated FGF23 and D-serine were identified as risk factors for hearing impairment in ESRD, with ORs of 16.54 (95%CI, 2.75–99.55) and 15.22 (95%CI, 2.59–89.51), respectively. Further Person correlation analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between FGF23 and D-serine (r = 0.683, P<0.001).

Conclusion
This study provides potential biomarkers for the early detection of hearing impairment complicated by chronic renal failure, and the reduction of FGF23/D-serine may provide a potential target for the treatment of hearing impairment complicated by chronic renal failure.
The Tongue as a Gateway to Voice, Resonance, Style, and Intelligibility, Angelika Nair (2021)
Authors: Terwilliger Kristina 
Published: January 2023

Review of: The Tongue as a Gateway to Voice, Resonance, Style, and Intelligibility, Angelika Nair (2021)
San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing Inc., 278 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-63550-363-0, p/bk, $79.95
Thermal experimental and numerical heat transfer analysis of a solid cylinder in longitudinal direction
Authors: Cabezas Sebastian , Hegedűs György , Bencs Péter 
Published: January 2023

The analysis of heat transfer in solid bodies with orthogonal geometries and knowledge thereof, is of vast importance in different fields of engineering and research. An important field of study is the thermal analysis in machine-parts that in most cases are designed and shaped with orthogonal geometries. Nevertheless, due to the high complexity and the cost that thermal experiments represent, FEM analysis and numerical solutions are used to foresee thermal fields on these components. These methodologies are certainly reliable, although may vary from real experiments. On that account, this paper presents a thermal experimental test in a solid cylinder of length and , made of ISO C45 steel that emulates a machine-part (cylindrical parts as shafts, fasteners and the like). The temperature fields along the longitudinal direction were analyzed in steady and transient state under homogeneous boundary conditions of the first kind (prescribed temperatures at the boundaries). The three solutions, experimental, numerical and FEM simulations were compared with the purpose of validating the results obtained by each method of solution respectively.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, LOGISTICS PRE-POSITIONING, LOGISTICS OUTSOURCING AND ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS IN UGANDA
Authors: Yassin Kazibwe 
Published: January 2023

This study examined the relationship between corporate governance, pre-positioning, logistics outsourcing on performance of Non-Government organizations in Uganda.
This study was a comparative study which applied a quantitative research approach. The sample constituted 138 respondents from Concern Worldwide International &Samaritan Purse International with the help of Krejcie and Morgan 1970 sample selection size. A structured questionnaire and an interview guide were used to obtain data. It was tested for validity using expert judgment, content validity index and factor analysis and reliability using pretesting and Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. Data was analyzed using SPSS version21.0, obtaining descriptive and inferential statistics to interpret findings. This research found a moderate positive relationship between corporate governance, prepositioning, logistics outsourcing and performance of Non-government organizations. Specifically, the study found a moderate positive relationship between Corporate governance and organization Performance. (r=0.593, P≤.0.01), moderate positive relationship between logistics outsourcing and organization performance, (r=0. 560 P≤.0.01), a moderate positive relationship between Logistics prepositioning and organization performance (r=.750, P≤.01) and .884 (R-Square = .179 in the regression model implying that the variables explained 59.2% of the dependent variable. The study found positive relationship between corporate governance, Logistics pre-positioning, logistics outsourcing on performance of Non-government organizations in Uganda (F=19.434, Sig.=.000 The study further discovered that at the center of all these variables lies corporate governance as explained, it was found to be the backbone of the organization. The study further found that the most significant predictor of organization performance is corporate governance. Herein, the study concluded that as far as organization performance wellness is concerned, corporate governance, logistics pre-positioning and logistics outsourcing cannot be taken for granted. The study further concluded that emphasis on corporate governance access will result is extraordinary change in organization performance, and so attention should be directed towards this factor first. The study recommends; putting in place corporate governance mechanisms; full implementation of logistics outsourcing and structuring a logistics pre-positioning network.
Evaluating Nigeria’s Millennium Development Goals
Authors: Phil Chibuikem Opute 
Published: January 2023

Nigeria is one United Nations member state that is increasingly working on achieving the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which took off at the turn of this century. The
MDGs are eight goals and targets to be attained within 2015. Giving the available time, it
is obvious that it is a major challenge to Nigeria because of its requirements for
actualization in the country. Among the requirements is ensuring effective policy
implementation. However, poor policy implementation is believed by some analysts to be
the bane of development in Nigeria. The paper therefore, seeks to highlight the need for
proper and effective policy implementation while identifying some impediments to be
tackled if Nigeria is to ensure that policies, particularly those relating to the MDGs, are
effectively and timely implemented. These impediments include, among others: corruption,
badleadership, political instability, slow public service structures, ethnicity etc. The paper
posits some sustainable development measures for Nigeria, such as effective use of political
will, eschewing social vices (like ethnicity, favouritism, nepotism and mediocrity), continuity
of policies between governments, eradication of corruption etc.
BIRTH OUTCOMES OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY IN BOLGATANGA REGIONAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Mohammed Baba Yahaya , Mohammed Yakubu Damata 
Published: January 2023

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a repetitive peculiarity in Ghana. It can cause drowsiness and mortality in both mother and child and postpone accomplishing manageable improvement objectives, particularly objective 3. The Bolgatanga Regional Hosital continues to record high number of anaemia in pregnancy of the years. The goal of the study was to portray the birth results of anemia in pregnancy and the risk factors related to anemia in Bolgatanga Regional Hospital.
Method: A quantitative method involved 380 pregnant women. A questionnaire was used together with birth results taking verifiable records from the maternal wellbeing record booklet and past data from the client to learn anemia status during
pregnancy and variables that could have added to the anemia.
Results: There were statistically significant differences in anemia levels (hemoglobin levels below 11g/dl) among groups of different educational levels (p < 0.05), marital status anemia in pregnancy (p=.013), and occupation of workers and anemia in pregnancy (P=.001)—the more the gestational age at first contact increases, the tendency to have hemoglobin level decreasing.
Conclusion: Attending ANC services at early gestational age is essential if the woman benefits from iron, folic acid, IPTp, and bed net interventions to prevent anemia and its adverse birth outcomes. Strengthening information, education, and communication (IEC) on early ANC attendance through pregnancy school, health clubs and mass media (Television/Radio) is highly recommended.
Gender Equality And The

Empowerment Of Women And Girls

In Nigeria.
Authors: Phil Chibuikem Opute 
Published: January 2023

More essentially, women have been subjected to social control and overwhelmed by men. This is ac consequences of enduring social generalization, abuse of strict and conventional practices where
instructive, political and social power are overwhelmed by men, and women have forever been devotees of men in the general public and the men transcendently consider themselves to be head of women. Gender Equality has been an extraordinary issue of worry in Nigeria most particularly among the woman, correspondence among people is simply fair and right. The fulfillment of orientation balance isn't just viewed as an end itself and common freedom issues, however as essential for the accomplishment of practical turn of events and public safety in Nigeria. To answert the difficulties of orientation imbalances, there is a need to perceive the main pressing concerns prompting disparity between sex. The examination technique is as named subjective exploration, with the utilization of essential information traversed directed poll and optional information accumulated from the news print and diaries. The point of the review was to know the significant reasons for orientation imbalance in Nigeria essentially. We additionally proposed methodologies to guarantee orientation correspondence in all areas in Nigeria.
Influence of Abrasion on Corrosive Behavior of a Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Saline Medium
Authors: Soares Renata Braga , Ma Lian , Liang Hong , Lins Vanessa de Freitas Cunha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Supermartensitic stainless steels, with moderate wear and corrosion resistance, are commonly used in the petroleum and gas industry. A setup configured with a potentiostat and a tribometer was developed to study tribocorrosion behavior of a supermartensitic stainless steel. The electrochemical evaluation indicated that under abrasion, the breakdown potential shifted from 73 V toward lower values, reaching −76 mV(Ag/AgCl) by using larger particles. Using the smallest particles, the breakdown potential was the highest. Because of the synergetic effect of wear and corrosion, the concentration of pits was higher with rubbing, but the pit growth was inhibited. The effects of particle size on wear and corrosion were evaluated using diamond particles with a size range of 10–20 μm, 30–40 μm, 40–60 μm, and 140–170 μm. The smallest particles promoted the highest pit growth inhibition and the highest breakdown potential but also the highest passivation current density. The larger abrasive diamond particles decreased the breakdown potential of the supermartensitic stainless steel in a saline solution.
DASH/Dam1 complex mutants stabilize ploidy in histone‐humanized yeast by weakening kinetochore‐microtubule attachments
Authors: Haase Max A B , Ólafsson Guðjón , Flores Rachel L , Boakye‐Ansah Emmanuel , Zelter Alex , Dickinson Miles Sasha , Lazar‐Stefanita Luciana , Truong David M , Asbury Charles L , Davis Trisha N , Boeke Jef D 
Published: January 2023

AbstractForcing budding yeast to chromatinize their DNA with human histones manifests an abrupt fitness cost. We previously proposed chromosomal aneuploidy and missense mutations as two potential modes of adaptation to histone humanization. Here, we show that aneuploidy in histone‐humanized yeasts is specific to a subset of chromosomes that are defined by their centromeric evolutionary origins but that these aneuploidies are not adaptive. Instead, we find that a set of missense mutations in outer kinetochore proteins drives adaptation to human histones. Furthermore, we characterize the molecular mechanism underlying adaptation in two mutants of the outer kinetochore DASH/Dam1 complex, which reduce aneuploidy by suppression of chromosome instability. Molecular modeling and biochemical experiments show that these two mutants likely disrupt a conserved oligomerization interface thereby weakening microtubule attachments. We propose a model through which weakened microtubule attachments promote increased kinetochore‐microtubule turnover and thus suppress chromosome instability. In sum, our data show how a set of point mutations evolved in histone‐humanized yeasts to counterbalance human histone‐induced chromosomal instability through weakening microtubule interactions, eventually promoting a return to euploidy.