bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitation of Back‐Arc Tsunamis From Megathrust Ruptures: Theory and Application to the Sea of Japan
Authors: Salaree Amir , Huang Yihe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge megathrust ruptures can create notable tsunamis in tectonic back‐arc basins as was documented during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the Sea of Japan. We present a physical analysis of the excitation of back‐arc tsunamis by extending the fore‐arc deformation field from the earthquake centroid into the back‐arc basin and identify fault dip as the main geometrical contributor to the propagation of these events. As such, our theoretical model along with a large number of numerical simulations reveal that the dominant period of back‐arc tsunamis is different from that of the fore‐arc waves and thus they are a new class of tsunamis. Through numerical simulations and analysis of data from the 2011 Tohoku event, we show that a combination of near‐ to intermediate‐field horizontal and vertical deformation as well as transient surface waves is necessary to reconstruct the back‐arc propagation. We find that while seismic surface waves can affect coastal tsunami amplitudes in the back‐arc, their effect comes second to that of the horizontal component of deformation as manifested via bathymetric gradient. We then simulate back‐arc tsunamis and the hazard in the Sea of Japan from several potential future earthquake scenarios in the Japan Trench and Nankai Trough. Our results show that the coseismic excitation of back‐arc tsunamis can result in considerable waves close to 1 m in the Sea of Japan, near the Niigata Prefecture from megathrust earthquakes.
Bacterial Control of Marine Humic‐Like Substance Production, Composition, Size, and Transfer to Sea Spray Aerosols During Phytoplankton Blooms
Authors: Santander Mitchell V. , Malfatti Francesca , Pendergraft Matthew A. , Morris Clare , Kimble Ke'La , Mitts Brock A. , Wang Xiaofei , Mayer Kathryn J. , Sauer Jon , Lee Christopher , Prather Kimberly A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHumic‐like substances (HULIS) are present in every environmental reservoir, including the ocean and the atmosphere. Ocean‐derived HULIS can be transferred to the atmosphere in the form of sea spray aerosols (SSA). Little information exists on the factors controlling this transfer process or how HULIS alter SSA physicochemical properties, cloud‐forming ability, and atmospheric reactions. Here, using excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy and isolated ocean‐atmosphere systems, we investigated how ocean biology affects HULIS sea‐to‐air transfer during multiple phytoplankton bloom experiments. We posit that bacterial enzymatic activity on phytoplankton‐derived organic matter control HULIS size, production, and chemical composition. We found that changes in fluorescence indices and shifts in the HULIS fluorescence emission spectra reveal changes in HULIS chemical composition induced by bacteria. High bacterial enzymatic activity on the proteinaceous, lipid, and phosphorus‐rich organic pools enhanced HULIS production and its transfer to SSA. Seawater HULIS consistently accumulated across all experiments. The majority of HULIS was smaller than 0.2 μm or 50 kDa. Our results suggest that enzymatic‐processing bacteria transform the composition of HULIS in seawater, degrading dissolved organic matter into diverse chemical structures that are more efficiently transferred to the atmosphere in SSA.
Perturbed iron biology in the prefrontal cortex of people with schizophrenia
Authors: Lotan Amit , Luza Sandra , Opazo Carlos M. , Ayton Scott , Lane Darius J. R. , Mancuso Serafino , Pereira Avril , Sundram Suresh , Weickert Cynthia Shannon , Bousman Chad , Pantelis Christos , Everall Ian P. , Bush Ashley I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite loss of grey matter volume and emergence of distinct cognitive deficits in young adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, current treatments for schizophrenia do not target disruptions in late maturational reshaping of the prefrontal cortex. Iron, the most abundant transition metal in the brain, is essential to brain development and function, but in excess, it can impair major neurotransmission systems and lead to lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation and accelerated aging. However, analysis of cortical iron biology in schizophrenia has not been reported in modern literature. Using a combination of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and western blots, we quantified iron and its major-storage protein, ferritin, in post-mortem prefrontal cortex specimens obtained from three independent, well-characterised brain tissue resources. Compared to matched controls (n = 85), among schizophrenia cases (n = 86) we found elevated tissue iron, unlikely to be confounded by demographic and lifestyle variables, by duration, dose and type of antipsychotic medications used or by copper and zinc levels. We further observed a loss of physiologic age-dependent iron accumulation among people with schizophrenia, in that the iron level among cases was already high in young adulthood. Ferritin, which stores iron in a redox-inactive form, was paradoxically decreased in individuals with the disorder. Such iron-ferritin uncoupling could alter free, chemically reactive, tissue iron in key reasoning and planning areas of the young-adult schizophrenia cortex. Using a prediction model based on iron and ferritin, our data provide a pathophysiologic link between perturbed cortical iron biology and schizophrenia and indicate that achievement of optimal cortical iron homeostasis could offer a new therapeutic target.
Long-term response to autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elsallab Magdi , Ellithi Moataz , Hempel Susanne , Abdel-Azim Hisham , Abou-el-Enein Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an effective treatment approach for patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL). However, identifying the factors that influence long-term response to this therapy is necessary to optimize patient selection and treatment allocation. We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the use of autologous anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy in both pediatric and adult patients with R/R B-ALL, using several databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Journals@Ovid, Embase, and clinicaltrial.gov. A total of 38 reports were analyzed, which enrolled 2134 patients. Time-to-event endpoints were estimated using reconstructed patient survival data. The study explored key modulators of response, including costimulatory domains, disease status, age, and lymphodepletion. The median overall survival and event-free survival were 36.2 months [95% CI 28.9, NR] and 13.3 months [95% CI 12.2, 17], respectively. The overall response rate was 76% [95% CI 71, 81]. The use of 4-1BB costimulatory domain in the CAR construct, administration of low-dose cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion, and pretreatment morphologic remission were associated with better overall survival, with hazard ratios of 0.72, 0.56, and 0.66, respectively. Morphologic remission and 4-1BB domain were associated with better event-free survival, with hazard ratios of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively. These findings suggest that CAR T cell therapy may offer long-term benefits to patients with R/R B-ALL. However, further research is needed to optimize patient selection and better understand the impact of various factors on the outcome of CAR T cell therapy.
The regulation loop of MARVELD1 interacting with PARP1 in DNA damage response maintains genome stability and promotes therapy resistance of cancer cells
Authors: Sun Haoxiu , Liu Chao , Han Fang , Lin Xiaoyu , Cao Liangyu , Liu Chenxing , Ji Qiuyu , Cui Jinjin , Yao Yuanfei , Wang Bojun , liao Yuanyu , Nie Huan , Zhang Yanqiao , Li Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe DNA damage response (DDR) plays crucial roles in cancer prevention and therapy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) mediates multiple signal transduction in the DDR as a master regulator. Uncovering the regulatory factors of PARP1 contributes to a more comprehensive view of tumorigenesis and treatment strategies. Here, we reveal that MARVELD1 acts as a mediator of DDR to perform early events and maintain genome stability. Mechanistically, PARP1 PARylates MARVELD1 at D102, D118 and D130, and in turn, MARVELD1 stabilizes PARP1 by enhancing NAA50-mediated acetylation, thus forming a positive feedback loop. MARVELD1 knockout mice and their embryo fibroblasts exhibit genomic instability and shorter half-life of PARP1. Moreover, MARVELD1 partnering with PARP1 facilitates resistance to genotoxic drugs and disrupts PARP inhibitor (PARPi) effect in PDX model of colorectal cancer (CRC). Overall, our results underline the link between MARVELD1 and PARP1 in therapeutic resistance based on DDR and provide new insights for clinical tumor therapy of PARPi.
Outcomes of a computer-based cognitive training (CoRe) in early phases of cognitive decline: a data-driven cluster analysis
Authors: Bernini Sara , Gerbasi Alessia , Panzarasa Silvia , Quaglini Silvana , Ramusino Matteo Cotta , Costa Alfredo , Avenali Micol , Tassorelli Cristina , Vecchi Tomaso , Bottiroli Sara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to identify clusters of cognitive profiles as well as to explore the effects of these clusters on demographic/individual characteristics and on improvements after a computer-based cognitive training (CCT) in early cognitive impairment. Fifty-seven subjects underwent to an adaptive CCT for 3 weeks (4 individual face-to-face sessions/week of 45 min) and were evaluated at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and after 6 (T2) and 12 (T3) months. Clusters of cognitive profiles were explored with k-means analysis. The analysis revealed two clusters, which were composed by 27 and 30 patients characterized by lower (Cluster 1) and higher (Cluster 2) cognitive functioning. At T1, cognitive performance improved in both groups, but Cluster 1 gained more benefits in global cognitive functioning than Cluster 2. However, at T3, Cluster 2 remained stable in its clinical condition, whereas Cluster 1 showed a pronounced worsening. In conclusion, Cluster 1 profile was associated with a more marked but also short-lasting responsiveness to CCT, whereas patients fitting with Cluster 2 characteristics seemed to obtain more CCT benefits in terms of stability or even delay of cognitive/functional decline. These findings may have relevant implications in informing the timing and modality of delivery of CCT.
Retrospective analysis of drug resistance characteristics and infection related risk factors of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) isolated from the orthopedics department of a tertiary hospital
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Guo Runsheng , Zhang Bi , Xie Banglin , Zhou Song , Zhang Bin , Lai Qi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPatients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are known to exhibit longer hospital stays and a significantly poorer prognosis. We performed a 6-year retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections reported in the orthopedics department of our institution, to gain valuable insights into antibiotic sensitivity and infectious characteristics of MDROs, in order to deduce effective measures to control the occurrence of multidrug-resistant infections in clinical practice. A retrospective, single center surveillance study (January 2012–December 2017) was performed on the nosocomial infections recorded in the department of orthopedics. A nosocomial infection is defined as one that develops when a patient is residing in a hospital but was not present at the time of admission. All relevant data, including basic patient information, cultivated bacterial strains, and antimicrobial resistance, was obtained from the hospital information system. A total of 1392 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated; 358 belonged to MDROs (detection rate = 25.7%). All the isolated strains of MDROs were mostly from secretions (52.2%). The number of cases infected with MDROs were 144 (40.2%) and 129 (36.0%) in the trauma and spinal wards, respectively. MRSA showed high resistance to β lactam antibiotics, but was sensitive to quinolone antibiotics, linezolid and cotrimoxazole. ESBL-positive strains showed more sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics (resistance rate < 10%). MDR nonfermenters showed high resistance to most antibiotics. Logistic multivariate analysis revealed age, open injury, and central nervous system injury as independent risk factors for multidrug resistant infections. A high antibiotic resistance rate and an increasing prevalence of infections with MDROs was identified in the orthopedics department. Patients with open injury, central nervous system injury and those aged ≥ 60 years, were more prone to multidrug-resistant infections. Clinicians should pay more attention to such patients in order to actively prevent and control the occurrence of infections caused by MDROs.
Multidisciplinary approach to the study of large-format oil paintings
Authors: Calderón-Mesén P. , Jaikel-Víquez D. , Barrantes-Madrigal M. D. , Sánchez-Solís J. , Mena-Vega J. P. , Arguedas-Molina J. , Ureña-Alvarado K. , Maynard-Hernández G. , Santamaría-Montero L. , Cob-Delgado M. , Angulo-Pardo E. , Vallejo Felipe , Sandoval M. I. , Durán-Quesada A. M. , Redondo-Solano M. , Herrera-Sancho O. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCultural heritage has become a keystone for comprehending our society, as it represents and reflects our origins, passions, beliefs and traditions. Furthermore, it provides fundamental information about specific temporary spaces, materials’ availability, technology, artist’s intention, and site weather conditions. Our aim was to develop a multidisciplinary approach with a main focus on investigating two Italian large-format paintings located in highly diverse environments such as the National Theater of Costa Rica. We monitored environmental conditions and quantified fungal aerial spores. Then, we determined regions of possible biodeterioration with the software MicroorganismPattern and used the software PigmentArrangement to elucidate the apparent colour of the paintings based on distribution and arrangement of the pigment crystals. Finally, we characterized eight genera of calcareous nannofossils found in the ground layers of the artwork. The former Men’s Canteen at the National Theater of Costa Rica presented a mean air temperature of 23.5 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C, a relative humidity of 72.7% and a concentration of CO$$_{2}$$

2

of 570 ppm. The fungal aerial concentration was 1776 spores/m$$^{3}$$

3

. The software MicroorganismPattern identified 32 sampling regions, out of which 11 were positive for microbial contamination. The software PigmentArrangement determined that the blue crystals (ultramarine pigment) had the shortest distances between themselves (29 $$\upmu$$
μ
m). Finally, the nanofossils identified enabled us to restrict the age of the material to a biostratigraphic interval ranging from Coniacian to Maastricthian ages. By using a multidisciplinary approach we were able to explore the diptych, suggest a set of minimally invasive perspectives in tropical environments to be used worldwide and obtain key information about the artist’s artistic process, materials used along with better understand its state of conservation.
Nanocellulose reinforced lightweight composites produced from cotton waste via integrated nanofibrillation and compounding
Authors: Liang Dan , Liu Wangcheng , Zhong Tuhua , Liu Hang , Dhandapani Renuka , Li Hui , Wang Jinwu , Wolcott Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCotton is a natural fiber containing more than 95% of cellulose. With worldwide cotton consumption continuously increasing, the amount of cotton waste generated is enormous. Most of the cotton waste ends up in landfill or incinerators, resulting in a huge waste of this excellent natural resource. In this project, cotton waste was recycled to produce polypropylene nanocomposites. Instead of using the traditional two-step nanofiber extraction and compounding technique, an integrated process was adopted to combine nanofibrillation and compounding into one step. Results showed that cotton fibers with a slight prefibrillation and hydrophobic surface modification were successfully fibrillated into tens to hundreds of nanometers in width during compounding. The nanofibers reinforced polypropylene composites exhibited significantly enhanced tensile and flexural strength and moduli. For instance, when 30% fibers from bleached white and indigo-dyed denim fabrics were introduced, the tensile moduli of the resultant composites reached 4.57 and 4.59 GPa, respectively, compared to 1.60 GPa, the modulus of neat PP. Meanwhile, denim fabrics had a remarkable reinforcing effect on the composites’ impact strength attributing to the hydrophobic indigo dyes that improved the interfacial bonding between cotton fibers and the matrix. The highest impact strength of denim reinforced composites was 4.96 kJ/m2 with 20% fiber loading; while the impact strength of neat polypropylene was 2.46 kJ/m2. The low water uptake of the composites further indicated the excellent adhesion at the filler/matrix interface. In general, a very promising processing technique to recycle cotton waste for high-value products was demonstrated.
Inactivation kinetics of 280 nm UV-LEDs against Mycobacterium abscessus in water
Authors: Song Jack Jia Xin , Oguma Kumiko , Takizawa Satoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) that cause a burdensome waterborne respiratory disease. Due to their resistance to chemical disinfectants and regrowth in biofilms in drinking water distribution systems, treatment can be better performed using small ultraviolet disinfection units at the point-of-use (POU), such as at a tap or showerhead. Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are well suited for such applications, but fluence-response data are not available for one of the most important NTM,Mycobacterium abscessus. In this study, a bench-scale 280 nm UV-LED apparatus was used to irradiateM. abscessusin a water matrix. The fluence-response profile was sigmoidal, exhibiting both shoulder and tailing phenomena. Simple linear regression and the Geeraerd’s inactivation kinetics model yieldedkvalues of 0.36 and 0.37 cm2/mJ, respectively, revealing thatM. abscessusis more resistant to UV thanPseudomonas aeruginosaandLegionella pneumophila, which suggests that NTM are among the most UV-resistant OPPPs. Results of this study suggest that 280 nm UV-LED irradiation can be an effective and practical option to inactivateM. abscessusat the POU. Disinfection units that can deliver a fluence of 10 mJ/cm2are expected to achieve nearly 2 log (99%) inactivation ofM. abscessus.
Modeling acute care utilization: practical implications for insomnia patients
Authors: Chekani Farid , Zhu Zitong , Khandker Rezaul Karim , Ai Jizhou , Meng Weilin , Holler Emma , Dexter Paul , Boustani Malaz , Ben Miled Zina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMachine learning models can help improve health care services. However, they need to be practical to gain wide-adoption. In this study, we investigate the practical utility of different data modalities and cohort segmentation strategies when designing models for emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospital (IH) visits. The data modalities include socio-demographics, diagnosis and medications. Segmentation compares a cohort of insomnia patients to a cohort of general non-insomnia patients under varying age and disease severity criteria. Transfer testing between the two cohorts is introduced to demonstrate that an insomnia-specific model is not necessary when predicting future ED visits, but may have merit when predicting IH visits especially for patients with an insomnia diagnosis. The results also indicate that using both diagnosis and medications as a source of data does not generally improve model performance and may increase its overhead. Based on these findings, the proposed evaluation methodologies are recommended to ascertain the utility of disease-specific models in addition to the traditional intra-cohort testing.
Water-in-salt electrolytes made saltier by Gemini ionic liquids for highly efficient Li-ion batteries
Authors: Tot Aleksandar , Zhang Leiting , Berg Erik J. , Svensson Per H. , Kloo Lars 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe water-in-salt electrolytes have promoted aqueous Li-ion batteries to become one of the most promising candidates to overcome safety concerns/issues of traditional Li-ion batteries. A simple increase of Li-salt concentration in electrolytes can successfully expand the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes beyond 2 V. However, necessary stability improvements require an increase in complexity of the ternary electrolytes. Here, we have explored the effects of novel, Gemini-type ionic liquids (GILs) as a co-solvent systems in aqueous Li[TFSI] mixtures and investigated the transport properties of the resulting electrolytes, as well as their electrochemical performance. The devices containing pyrrolidinium-based GILs show superior cycling stability and promising specific capacity in the cells based on the commonly used electrode materials LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and LMO (LiMn2O4).
Effects of different remote ischemia perconditioning methods on cerebral infarct volume and neurological impairment in rats
Authors: Otsuka Shotaro , Itashiki Yuki , Tani Akira , Matsuoka Teruki , Takada Seiya , Matsuzaki Ryoma , Nakanishi Kazuki , Norimatsu Kosuke , Tachibe Yuta , Kitazato Riho , Nojima Nao , Kakimoto Shogo , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Maruyama Ikuro , Sakakima Harutoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRemote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) is a novel neuroprotective method against cerebral infarction that has shown efficacy in animal studies but has not been consistently neuroprotective in clinical trials. We focused on the temporal regulation of ischemia–reperfusion by RIPerC to establish an optimal method for RIPerC. Rats were assigned to four groups: 10 min ischemia, 5 min reperfusion; 10 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion; 5 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion; and no RIPerC. RIPerC interventions were performed during ischemic stroke, which was induced by a 60-min left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume, sensorimotor function, neurological deficits, and cellular expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and caspase 3 were evaluated 48 h after the induction of ischemia. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was also performed. RIPerC of 10 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion, and 5 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion decreased infarct volume, improved sensorimotor function, decreased Bax, caspase 3, and TUNEL-positive cells, and increased BDNF and Bcl-2 expressions. Our findings suggest RIPerC with a reperfusion time of approximately 10 min exerts its neuroprotective effects via an anti-apoptotic mechanism. This study provides important preliminary data to establish more effective RIPerC interventions.