bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stereoselective Strigolactone Biosynthesis Catalyzed by a 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase in Sorghum
Authors: Yoda Akiyoshi , Xie Xiaonan , Yoneyama Kaori , Miura Kenji , McErlean Christopher S P , Nomura Takahito 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Seeds of root parasitic plants, Striga, Orobanche and Phelipanche spp., are induced to germinate by strigolactones (SLs) exudated from host roots. In Striga-resistant cultivars of Sorghum bicolor, the loss-of-function of the Low Germination Stimulant 1 (LGS1) gene changes the major SL from 5-deoxystrigol (5DS) to orobanchol, which has an opposite C-ring stereochemistry. The biosynthetic pathway of 5DS catalyzed by LGS1 has not been fully elucidated. Since other unknown regulators, in addition to LGS1 encoding a sulfotransferase, appear to be necessary for the stereoselective biosynthesis of 5DS, we examined Sobic.005G213500 (Sb3500), encoding a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, as a candidate regulator, which is co-expressed with LGS1 and located 5ʹ-upstream of LGS1 in the sorghum genome. When LGS1 was expressed with known SL biosynthetic enzyme genes including the cytochrome P450 SbMAX1a in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, 5DS and its diastereomer 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO) were produced in approximately equal amounts, while the production of 5DS was significantly larger than that of 4DO when Sb3500 was also co-expressed. We also confirmed the stereoselective 5DS production in an in vitro feeding experiment using synthetic chemicals with recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and yeast. This finding demonstrates that Sb3500 is a stereoselective regulator in the conversion of the SL precursor carlactone to 5DS, catalyzed by LGS1 and SbMAX1a, providing a detailed understanding of how different SLs are produced to combat parasitic weed infestations.
Acetylation of inorganic pyrophosphatase by S-RNase signaling induces pollen tube tip swelling by repressing pectin methylesterase
Authors: Tang Chao , Wang Peng , Zhu Xiaoxuan , Qi Kaijie , Xie Zhihua , Zhang Hao , Li Xiaoqiang , Gao Hongru , Gu Tingting , Gu Chao , Li Shan , de Graaf Barend H J , Zhang Shaoling , Wu Juyou 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a widespread genetically determined system in flowering plants that prevents self-fertilization to promote gene flow and limit inbreeding. S-RNase–based SI is characterized by the arrest of pollen tube growth through the pistil. Arrested pollen tubes show disrupted polarized growth and swollen tips, but the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the swelling at the tips of incompatible pollen tubes in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri [Pbr]) is mediated by the SI-induced acetylation of the soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA) PbrPPA5. Acetylation at Lys-42 of PbrPPA5 by the acetyltransferase GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase 1 (GNAT1) drives accumulation of PbrPPA5 in the nucleus, where it binds to the transcription factor PbrbZIP77, forming a transcriptional repression complex that inhibits the expression of the pectin methylesterase (PME) gene PbrPME44. The function of PbrPPA5 as a transcriptional repressor does not require its PPA activity. Downregulating PbrPME44 resulted in increased levels of methyl-esterified pectins in growing pollen tubes, leading to swelling at their tips. These observations suggest a mechanism for PbrPPA5-driven swelling at the tips of pollen tubes during the SI response. The targets of PbrPPA5 include genes encoding cell wall–modifying enzymes, which are essential for building a continuous sustainable mechanical structure for pollen tube growth.
Democratic Backsliding: Comparative Reflections on the American Experience
Authors: Encarnación Omar G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Democratic backsliding, or the debilitation of democracy by those elected to protect it, looms large in the current debate about the global crisis of democracy, including Sara Wallace Goodman's Citizenship in Hard Times: How Ordinary People Respond to Democratic Threat. In keeping with the prevailing view of backsliding as a political phenomenon rooted in extreme partisanship and polarization, Goodman is concerned with strengthening the citizenry's commitment to democratic norms and practices—in other words, boosting democratic citizenship. Placing the roots of backsliding in the political system itself, this essay argues for pushing the debate about backsliding beyond citizen solutions and toward institutional remedies, especially accountability against those who harm democracy and modernizing the democratic infrastructure.
Single Stitch Vicryl Mesh Wrap for Prepectoral Implant Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Mookerjee Vikram G. , Stögner Viola A. , Alper David P. , Evans Brogan G.A. , Pomahac Bohdan 
Published: June 2023

Summary:
Acellular dermal matrices are commonly used in prepectoral breast reconstruction for implant coverage and support, but they are associated with significant costs. The authors describe a technique for prepectoral breast reconstruction in which the implant is completely wrapped in a knitted Vicryl mesh and then positioned on the chest, without the need for any tacking sutures. A retrospective review was performed on all consecutive prepectoral breast reconstructions, using this technique at a single institution. A separate cohort undergoing prepectoral reconstruction with a conventional acellular dermal matrix technique was also reviewed for comparison. Patient demographics, oncologic and reconstruction characteristics, outcomes, complications, and materials cost were analyzed. Twelve patients (23 breasts) underwent prepectoral reconstruction with Vicryl mesh, and 34 patients (55 breasts) underwent prepectoral reconstruction with acellular dermal matrices. Overall complication rates in the Vicryl group were low (two infections, one case of skin necrosis, one hematoma) and did not differ statistically from the acellular dermal matrix group. Operative time per breast was nearly twice as fast (35.7 versus 68.0 min, P < 0.01). Calculated materials cost savings was $8273 per breast. Prepectoral breast reconstruction with Vicryl mesh only is a safe technique that is much faster and significantly cheaper compared with conventional reconstructive techniques utilizing acellular dermal matrices.
Analysis of a National Database Investigating Development of Trigger Finger after Treatment of Dupuytren Disease
Authors: Gehring Michael B. , Constantine Ryan S. , Le Elliot L. H. , Wolfe Brandon , Greyson Mark A. , Iorio Matthew L. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Dupuytren disease is associated with inflammation and myofibroblast overgrowth, as is stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger). Both are linked with fibroblast proliferation, but a potential associative link between the diseases is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of trigger finger following treatment for Dupuytren contracture in a large database.

Methods:
A commercial database encompassing 53 million patients was utilized from January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2020. The study cohort included patients diagnosed with either Dupuytren disease or trigger finger utilizing International Classification Codes 9 and 10. Terminology codes were used to identify common Dupuytren procedures, as well as trigger finger release. Logistic regression analysis was used to define independent risk factors for developing trigger finger.

Results:
A total of 593,606 patients were diagnosed with trigger finger. Of these patients, 15,416 (2.6%) were diagnosed with trigger finger after diagnosis of Dupuytren disease, whereas 2603 (0.4%) patients were diagnosed with trigger finger after treatment of Dupuytren contracture. Independent risk factors for trigger finger included age 65 years or older (OR 1.00, P < 0.05), diabetes (OR 1.12, P < 0.05) and obesity (OR 1.20, P < 0.005). Patients who received collagenase clostridium histolyticum treatment (OR 0.34, P < 0.005) for Dupuytren contracture were significantly less likely to develop trigger finger.

Conclusions:
Dupuytren contracture is associated with inflammation and subsequent trigger finger development at a higher rate than the background population frequency. Collagenase clostridium histolyticum injection may lead to a decreased risk of trigger finger requiring surgical intervention in patients with risk factors.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hearing Aids for Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ye Xin , Zhu Dawei , Chen Siyuan , He Ping 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To assess the cost-effectiveness of hearing aid interventions to middle-aged and older adults in rural China.

Study Design
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Community centers.

Patients
A total of 385 subjects 45 years and older with moderate or above hearing loss participated in the trial, of which 150 were in the treatment group and 235 in the control group.

Intervention
Participants were randomly assigned to the treatment group prescribing with hearing aids or to the control group with no intervention.

Main Outcome and Measures
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated by comparing the treatment group with the control group.

Results
Assuming that the average life span of hearing aids is N years, the cost of the hearing aid intervention included the annual purchase cost of 10,000/N yuan, the annual maintenance cost of 41.48 yuan. However, the intervention led to annual healthcare costs of 243.34 yuan saved. The effectiveness of wearing a hearing aid included an increase of 0.017 quality-adjusted life years. It can be calculated that if N > 6.87, the intervention is very cost-effective; if 2.52 < N < 6.87, the increased cost-effectiveness of the intervention is acceptable; if N < 2.52, the intervention is not cost-effective.

Conclusion
In general, the average life span of hearing aids is between 3 and 7 years, so hearing aid interventions can be considered cost-effective with high probability. Our results can provide critical reference for policy makers to increase accessibility and affordability of hearing aids.
Nutrition therapy during noninvasive ventilation: oral or enteral?
Authors: Viner Smith Elizabeth , D’Cruz Rebecca F. , Chapple Lee-anne 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Critical care nutrition guidelines primarily focus on patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, yet noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an increasingly common intervention. The optimal route of nutrition delivery in patients receiving NIV has not been established. This review aims to describe the implications of NIV on the route of feeding prescribed.

Recent findings
Five small, mostly observational, studies have quantified energy or protein intake in patients receiving NIV in critical care, which demonstrate intake to be poor. No study has assessed the impact of feeding route on outcomes. The predominant route of feeding observed is oral intake, yet nutrition intake via this route is lower than that from enteral or parenteral nutrition. Barriers to oral intake include fasting for intubation, the inability to remove NIV apparatus to eat, breathlessness, fatigue and poor appetite, while barriers to enteral nutrition include the impact of the naso-enteric tube on the mask seal and potential aspiration.

Summary
Until evidence to support the optimal route of feeding is developed, patient safety should be the key driver of route selection, followed by the ability to achieve nutrition targets, perhaps utilizing a combination of routes to overcome barriers to nutrition delivery.
Post-ICU nutrition: the neglected side of metabolic support
Authors: De Waele Elisabeth , Rosseel Zenzi , Pen Joeri J. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of this review
This review will focus on the neglected side of metabolic support in ICU survivors: nutritional therapy after critical illness. Knowledge of the evolution of the metabolism of patients that survived critical illness will be bundled, and current practices will be investigated. We will discuss some studies conducted to determine resting energy expenditure in ICU survivors and which identified barriers that cause interruptions in the feeding process based on published data between January 2022 and April 2023.

Recent findings
Resting energy expenditure can be measured using indirect calorimetry, as predictive equations have proven to fail in their attempt to have good correlations with measured values. No guidelines or recommendations are available on post-ICU follow-up, including screening, assessment, dosing, timing, and monitoring of (artificial) nutrition. A limited number of publications shared treatment adequacy between 64–82% for energy (calories) and 72–83% for protein intake in a post-ICU setting. Loss of appetite, depression, and oropharyngeal dysphagia are the most prominent physiological barriers responsible for decreased feeding adequacy.

Summary
Patients may be in a catabolic state during and after ICU discharge, with several factors impacting metabolism. Therefore, large prospective trials are needed to determine the physiological state of ICU survivors, determine nutritional requirements, and develop nutritional care protocols. Many barriers causing decreased feeding adequacy have already been identified, but solutions are scarce. This review depicts a variable metabolic rate among ICU survivors and a significant variation in feeding adequacy in-between world regions, institutions, and patient sub-phenotypes.
Lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition: does it matter?
Authors: Haines Krista , Grisel Braylee , Gorenshtein Laura , Wischmeyer Paul E. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of reviewRecently, clinicians have shown interest in switching patients to nonsoybean-based intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) formulas for parental nutrition (PN) due to adverse outcomes related to high Omega-6 content in soybean oil (SO) ILE's. This review summarizes recent literature on improved clinical outcomes with new Omega-6 lipid-sparing ILE's in PN management.Recent findingsAlthough there is a paucity of large-scale studies directly comparing Omega-6 lipid sparing ILE's with SO-based lipid emulsion use in PN in ICU patients, there is strong translational and meta-analysis evidence to suggest that lipid formulations containing fish oil (FO) and/or olive oil (OO) have favorable effects on immune function and improve clinical outcomes in ICU populations.SummaryMore research is needed to directly compare omega-6-sparing PN formulas with FO and/or OO versus traditional SO ILE's. However, current evidence is promising for improved outcomes using newer ILE's including reduced infections, shorter lengths of stay, and reduced costs.
Is there a role for ketones as alternative fuel in critical illness?
Authors: Watson Naomi , McClelland Thomas J. , Puthucheary Zudin 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
The evidence base advocating ketones as an alternative substrate for critically ill patients is expanding. We discuss the rationale for investigating alternatives to the traditional metabolic substrates (glucose, fatty acids and amino acids), consider evidence relating to ketone-based nutrition in a variety of contexts, and suggest the necessary future steps.

Recent findings
Hypoxia and inflammation inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase, diverting glucose to lactate production. Skeletal muscle beta-oxidation activity falls, decreasing acetyl-CoA generation from fatty acids and subsequent ATP generation reduction.
The benefits of induced ketosis are well established in epilepsy, whilst the evidence base for ketogenic diet therapy in other neurological pathology, such as traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, is expanding. Evidence of upregulation of ketone metabolism in the hypertrophied and failing heart suggests that ketones may be utilized as an alternative fuel source to sustain myocardial function. Ketogenic diets stabilize immune cell homeostasis, promote cell survival following bacterial infection and inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, preventing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines – interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18.

Summary
Whilst ketones provide an attractive nutritional option, further research is required to determine whether the proposed benefits are translatable to critically unwell patients.
Haematological challenges in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Van Edom Charlotte J. , Tavazzi Guido , Vandenbriele Christophe 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a very challenging condition with high mortality, despite the advances in therapeutic options. Haematological complications, including coagulopathy and haemolysis, frequently arise in these critically ill patients in CS, especially if they need percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS), and impair the outcome. This stresses the urgent need for further advancement of this field.

Recent findings
Here, we discuss the different haematological challenges during CS and additional pMCS. Furthermore, we propose a management strategy aiming for restabilization of this precarious haemostatic balance.

Summary
In this review, pathophysiology and management of coagulopathies during CS and pMCS are discussed, as well as the need for further studies in this field.
Development and Feasibility of a Group Tele-Exercise Program for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Baehr Laura A. , Kaimal Girija , Bruneau Michael , Finley Margaret 
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose:
More than 50% of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) report no regular exercise due to numerous barriers to participation. Tele-exercise services offer viable solutions to reduce barriers. However, limited evidence for SCI-specific tele-exercise programs is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a synchronous group tele-exercise program designed for individuals with SCI.

Methods:
Explanatory sequential mixed-methods design assessed feasibility of a synchronous 2-month biweekly group tele-exercise program for individuals with SCI. Numeric measures of feasibility were first collected (recruitment rate, sample features, retention, attendance), followed by postprogram interviews with participants. Thematic analysis of experiential feedback elaborated on numeric findings.

Results:
Eleven volunteers (ages = 49.5 ± 16.7 years) with SCI (range: 2.7-33.0 years) enrolled within 2 weeks of recruitment initiation. Retention was 100% retention at program completion. Median number of live classes attended per participant was 10 (62.5%). Participants described that attendance and satisfaction were facilitated by program-specific features including coinstruction by instructors with SCI-specific knowledge and lived experience, as well as group structure. Participants reported increased exercise knowledge, confidence, and motivation.

Discussion and Conclusions:
This study demonstrated feasibility of a synchronous group tele-exercise class for individuals with SCI. Key features facilitating participation include class length, frequency, coleadership by individuals familiar with SCI and exercise instruction, and group motivation. These findings begin to examine a viable tele-service strategy that could be employed as a bridge among rehabilitation specialists, community fitness instructors, and clients with SCI to increase physical activity access and behavior.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A442).
Role of Rib Graft for Tip Shaping in Primary Rhinoplasty: A Retrospective Case Series of 30 Patients
Authors: Novak Matthew , Cason Roger , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
In primary rhinoplasty, use of harvested septal cartilage often precludes the need for rib graft. Nonetheless, there are a number of indications for the use of rib graft in primary rhinoplasty. The purpose of this study was to identify the indications and techniques for rib graft use in primary rhinoplasty.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty performed by a single surgeon over a 5-year period. From these patients, those who required the use of fresh frozen allograft rib cartilage were identified. Medical record review was performed to identify demographics, ethnicity, and history of nasal trauma. Photographic analysis was also performed.

Results:
Thirty of 638 consecutive primary rhinoplasties (4.7%) required rib graft. Of these, 7 patients (23.3%) demonstrated a history of nasal trauma. Furthermore, a high proportion of primary rhinoplasty patients requiring rib graft were from Asian (n = 7 [23.3%]), Middle Eastern (n = 4 [13.3%]), Hispanic (n = 7 [23.3%]), and African American (n = 9 [30%]) backgrounds. White patients were in the minority (n = 2 [6.7%]). All primary rhinoplasties using rib graft implemented a septal extension graft.

Conclusions:
The present study demonstrates that patients requiring a rib graft in primary rhinoplasty invariably receive a septal extension graft. Furthermore, certain ethnicities associated anatomical characteristics correlated with the need for a rib graft for tip shaping. Ultimately, the use of a septal extension graft in primary rhinoplasty allows for precise and robust projection, rotation, and tip shaping in noses with thick skin, weak cartilaginous framework, and history of nasal trauma.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, IV.
Long-Term Effects of Extended Upper Blepharoplasty Combined With Subbrow Skin Removal for Correction of Lateral Hooding in Asian Women
Authors: Li Si L. , Li Kong Y. , Song Tao , Di Wu  , Yin Ning B. , Wang Yong Q. 
Published: June 2023

Upper eyelid aging with lateral hooding is common among Asian women older than 40 years. Since Asians tend to develop more visible scars than White people, we used an extended upper blepharoplasty technique to correct lateral hooding and conceal the scar, combined with the removal of the thick subbrow skin for women over 60 years of age, to achieve a stable, improved outcome. An extended cutaneous scalpel-shaped excision was designed and hid the extended part of the excision in the patient’s upward crow’s feet to address the redundant skin of lateral hooding. For patients older than 60 years, we used a crescent-shaped excision and simultaneously removed the thick skin under the eyebrow to reduce the likelihood of long-term postoperative pseudoexcess. A retrospective study was conducted on 40 Asian women who underwent upper eyelid rejuvenation surgery with the above methods from July 2020 to March 2021 (follow-up, 12–15 mo). Extended blepharoplasty notably corrected the lateral hooding and achieved a natural double eyelid. The postoperative scar was inconspicuous. For patients older than 60 years, the long-term rejuvenation outcome was stable when associated with subbrow skin removal. However, two patients older than 60 years in whom the subbrow skin was not removed developed pseudoexcess of the upper eyelid 1 year postoperatively. Extended blepharoplasty is a simple and effective technique for improving periorbital aging in Asian women, and the postoperative scarring was inconspicuous. For patients older than 60 years, we recommend removal of the thick subbrow skin to avoid long-term postoperative pseudoexcess.