bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine receptor A2b confers ovarian cancer survival and PARP inhibitor resistance through IL‐6‐STAT3 signalling
Authors: Chi Liqing , Huan Lin , Zhang Chunyan , Wang Hanming , Lu Jian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer worldwide, and the therapeutic options are limited. PARP inhibitor (PARPi) represents an effective therapeutic strategy and has been approved for maintenance therapy. However, the intrinsic or acquired resistance to PARPi becomes a big challenge. To investigate the mechanisms for PARPi resistance, we analysed public databases and established Olaparib‐resistant ovarian cancer cells for exploration. Our results showed that the inflammatory pathway and adenosine receptor A2b (Adora2b/A2B) expression were significantly increased in Olaparib‐resistant cells. A2B was highly expressed in recurrent ovarian tumours and negatively correlated with the clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Olaparib treatment enhanced A2B expression through NF‐κB activation. The elevated A2B contributed to Olaparib resistance by sensing adenosine signal and promoting tumour cell survival, growth and migration via IL‐6‐STAT3 signalling. Therefore, inhibition of A2B‐IL‐6‐STAT3 axis could overcome Olaparib resistance and synergize with Olaparib to reduce cancer cell growth and lead to cell death. Our findings reveal a critical role of A2B signalling in mediating PARPi resistance independent of DNA damage repair, providing insights into developing novel therapies in ovarian cancers.
A cross‐lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood
Authors: Morneau‐Vaillancourt Geneviève , Oginni Olakunle , Assary Elham , Krebs Georgina , Thompson Ellen J. , Palaiologou Elisavet , Lockhart Celestine , Arseneault Louise , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundEmotional symptoms, such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, are common during adolescence, often persist over time, and can precede the emergence of severe anxiety and depressive disorders. Studies suggest that a vicious cycle of reciprocal influences between emotional symptoms and interpersonal difficulties may explain why some adolescents suffer from persisting emotional symptoms. However, the role of different types of interpersonal difficulties, such as social isolation and peer victimisation, in these reciprocal associations is still unclear. In addition, the lack of longitudinal twin studies conducted on emotional symptoms during adolescence means that the genetic and environmental contributions to these relationships during adolescence remain unknown.MethodsParticipants (N = 15,869) from the Twins Early Development Study completed self‐reports of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation at 12, 16 and 21 years old. A phenotypic cross‐lagged model examined reciprocal associations between variables over time, and a genetic extension of this model examined the aetiology of the relationships between variables at each timepoint.ResultsFirst, emotional symptoms were reciprocally and independently associated with both social isolation and peer victimisation over time, indicating that different forms of interpersonal difficulties uniquely contributed to emotional symptoms during adolescence and vice versa. Second, early peer victimisation predicted later emotional symptoms via social isolation in mid‐adolescence, indicating that social isolation may constitute an intermediate pathway through which peer victimisation predicts longer‐term emotional symptoms. Finally, individual differences in emotional symptoms were mostly accounted for by non‐shared environmental factors at each timepoint, and both gene–environment and individual‐specific environmental mechanisms were involved in the relationships between emotional symptoms and interpersonal difficulties.ConclusionsOur study highlights the necessity to intervene early in adolescence to prevent the escalation of emotional symptoms over time and to consider social isolation and peer victimisation as important risk factors for the long‐term persistence of emotional symptoms.
Evaluation of blood‐based PRO‐C3 testing as a diagnostic marker for staging liver fibrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Menglu , Qiu Hanying , Zhang Wenyan , Mei Tingting , Tang Shan , Gao Yuxue , Zhu Yanqiu , Huang Xiaojie , Yu Haibin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWith the global increase in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, there is an increasing need to identify non‐invasive biomarkers to measure the severity of disease progression while reducing reliance on pathological biopsies. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic value of PRO‐C3 as a biomarker for staging liver fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis or fatty liver disease.MethodsArticles published until January 6, 2023, were searched in the PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and likelihood ratios were integrated using a random‐effects model, and a summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed. Publication bias was also detected. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses, as well as sensitivity analysis, were also performed.ResultsFourteen studies with 4315 patients were included. Summary area under the curve of PRO‐C3 for the identification of significant fibrosis (≥ F2) and advanced fibrosis (≥ F3) was 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.76–0.83). Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses suggested that disease type and sample size may be the primary factors of heterogeneity in PRO‐C3 diagnosis of ≥ F2, while study design, study sample type, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit brand may be the primary sources of heterogeneity in PRO‐C3 diagnosis of ≥ F3.ConclusionsPRO‐C3 demonstrated clinically meaningful diagnostic accuracy when used alone as a non‐invasive biomarker for diagnosing the liver fibrosis stage in individuals with viral hepatitis or fatty liver disease.
Comparison of pancreatic enzyme abnormalities and protease‐activated receptor‐2‐positive eosinophils in the duodenum of patients with functional dyspepsia‐irritable bowel syndrome overlap with functional dyspepsia alone in Asian populations
Authors: Futagami Seiji , Kessoku Takaomi , Kasai Yuki , Higurashi Takuma , Nakajima Atsushi , Agawa Shuhei , Yamawaki Hiroshi , Nakamura Ken , Habiro Mayu , Kawawa Rie , Ueki Nobue , Higashida Sakura , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Yamato Hiroshi , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Takasaki Yusuke , Ito Koichi , Hojo Mariko , Isayama Hiroyuki , Motoda Norio , Ohashi Ryuji , Siah Kewin Tien Ho , Ng Carissa Kahmun , Gwee Kok‐Ann 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimSome patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders exhibit pancreatic dysfunctions and pancreatic enzyme abnormalities. Thus, we aimed to clarify whether significant differences in clinical characteristics, prevalence of pancreatic enzyme abnormalities, duodenal inflammation, and protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) expression levels related to hypersensitivity exist between functional dyspepsia (FD) alone and FD‐irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) overlap group.MethodsNinety‐three patients based on the Rome IV criteria, FD alone (n = 44) and FD overlapped with IBS (n = 49) group were enrolled. The patients scored their own clinical symptoms after consuming high‐fat meals. Serum trypsin, PLA2, lipase, p‐amylase, and elastase‐1 levels were measured. PAR2, eotaxin‐3, and TRPV4 mRNA levels in duodenum were determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction methods. PRG2‐ and PAR2 in the duodenum were evaluated using immunostaining.ResultsFD score and global GSRS in patients with FD‐IBS overlap were significantly higher than FD alone. Although the prevalence of pancreatic enzyme abnormalities in patients with FD alone was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that in FD‐IBS overlap, the ratio of aggravation of clinical symptoms following high‐fat intake in patients with FD‐IBS overlap was significantly higher (P = 0.007) than that in patients with FD alone. PAR2‐ and PRG2‐double positive cells were localized in the degranulated eosinophils in the duodenum of patients with FD‐IBS overlap. The number of PAR2‐ and PRG2‐double positive cells in FD‐IBS overlap was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than FD alone.ConclusionsPancreatic enzyme abnormalities and PAR2 expression on degranulated eosinophils infiltrations in the duodenum may be associated with the pathophysiology of patients with FD‐IBS overlap in Asian populations.
A crosswalk of commonly used frailty scales
Authors: Sison Stephanie Denise M. , Shi Sandra M. , Kim Kyung Moo , Steinberg Nessa , Jeong Sohyun , McCarthy Ellen P. , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral validated scales have been developed to measure frailty, yet the direct relationship between these measures and their scores remains unknown. To bridge this gap, we created a crosswalk of the most commonly used frailty scales.MethodsWe used data from 7070 community‐dwelling older adults who participated in National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Round 5 to construct a crosswalk among frailty scales. We operationalized the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Index (SOF), FRAIL Scale, Frailty Phenotype, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Vulnerable Elder Survey‐13 (VES‐13), Tilburg Frailty Indictor (TFI), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS), and 40‐item Frailty Index (FI). A crosswalk between FI and the frailty scales was created using the equipercentile linking method, a statistical procedure that produces equivalent scoring between scales according to percentile distributions. To demonstrate its validity, we determined the 4‐year mortality risk across all scales for low‐risk (equivalent to FI <0.20), moderate‐risk (FI 0.20 to <0.40), and high‐risk (FI ≥0.40) categories.ResultsUsing NHATS, the feasibility of calculating frailty scores was at least 90% for all nine scales, with the FI having the highest number of calculable scores. Participants considered frail on FI (cutpoint of 0.25) corresponded to the following scores on each frailty measure: SOF 1.3, FRAIL 1.7, Phenotype 1.7, CFS 5.3, VES‐13 5.5, TFI 4.4, GFI 4.8, and EFS 5.8. Conversely, individuals considered frail according to the cutpoint of each frailty measure corresponded to the following FI scores: 0.37 for SOF, 0.40 for FRAIL, 0.42 for Phenotype, 0.21 for CFS, 0.16 for VES‐13, 0.28 for TFI, 0.21 for GFI, and 0.37 for EFS. Across frailty scales, the 4‐year mortality risks between the same categories were similar in magnitude.ConclusionOur results provide clinicians and researchers with a useful tool to directly compare and interpret frailty scores across scales.
Biophysical economic interpretation of the Great Depression: A critical period of an energy transition
Authors: Kennedy Christopher A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to explain the cause and proceedings of the 1930s Great Depression from a biophysical economic perspective. The Depression was a painful episode in the socio‐technological transition from a coal/railroad regime to one based on hydrocarbons, motor vehicles, and electricity. The beginning—the Great Crash of October 1929—corresponded with drastic cuts in oil prices and announcement of oil supply certainty, following discovery of huge oilfields in the US Southwest. The Depression principally centered on a change from railroads to motor‐vehicle‐based transportation, but was long and drawn‐out due to the hegemonic power that the railroads held over the US economy. The late 1920s saw increased use of hydrocarbon‐based technologies, but the emerging technologies were still reliant on the old technological system. Methods of biophysical economics, mapping energy flows to capital formation, show the critical role of railroads in the Depression. In 1929, railroads accounted for 24% of the non‐residential capital stock; they delivered between 70% and 76% of energy needs; and 69% of energy required for capital formation. Thus a hypothesis emerges that dwindling investment in the railroads was a major constraint on the economy. In biophysical terms, the US economy's main energy delivery system—coal carried by railcars—was hamstrung. Energy flow Sankey diagrams for 1929 and 1939 show the gradual change in energy systems that occurred over the Depression.
Ceftriaxone improves impairments in synaptic plasticity and cognitive behavior in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting extrasynaptic NMDAR‐STEP61 signaling
Authors: He Ruo‐Bing , Li Li , Liu Li‐Zhe , Ma Ya‐Jun , Fan Shu‐Juan , Liu Li‐Rong , Li Wen‐Bin , Xian Xiao‐Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAbnormal activation of the extrasynaptic N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ceftriaxone (Cef) can improve cognitive impairment by upregulating glutamate transporter‐1 and promoting the glutamate–glutamine cycle in an AD mouse model. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Cef on synaptic plasticity and cognitive‐behavioral impairment and to unravel the associated underlying mechanisms. We used an APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD in this study. Extrasynaptic components from hippocampal tissue homogenates were isolated using density gradient centrifugation. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expressions of extrasynaptic NMDAR and its downstream elements. Intracerebroventricular injections of adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatase 61 (STEP61) and AAV‐STEP61‐shRNA were used to modulate the expressions of STEP61 and extrasynaptic NMDAR. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed to evaluate the synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. The results showed that the expressions of GluN2B and GluN2BTyr1472 in the extrasynaptic fraction were upregulated in AD mice. Cef treatment effectively prevented the upregulation of GluN2B and GluN2BTyr1472 expressions. It also prevented changes in the downstream signals of extrasynaptic NMDAR, including increased expressions of m‐calpain and phosphorylated p38 MAPK in AD mice. Furthermore, STEP61 upregulation enhanced, whereas STEP61 downregulation reduced the Cef‐induced inhibition of the expressions of GluN2B, GluN2BTyr1472, and p38 MAPK in the AD mice. Similarly, STEP61 modulation affected Cef‐induced improvements in induction of LTP and performance in MWM tests. In conclusion, Cef improved synaptic plasticity and cognitive behavioral impairment in APP/PS1 AD mice by inhibiting the overactivation of extrasynaptic NMDAR and STEP61 cleavage due to extrasynaptic NMDAR activation.image
Masticatory myology of the llama (Lama glama, Camelidae) and comparisons with other camelids and euungulates
Authors: Ercoli Marcos D. , Álvarez Alicia , Moyano S. Rocío 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCamelids are the only living representatives of the Suborder Tylopoda, and present a unique set of osteo‐myological masticatory features, differing from all other extant euungulates. They combine selenodont dentition and rumination with a fused symphysis, and roughly plesiomorphic muscle proportions. Despite its potential relevance as an euungulate model in comparative anatomy studies, the available data is strikingly scarce. The present study represents the first description of the masticatory muscles of a Lamini, analyzing the functional morphology of Lama glama and other camelids in a comparative framework. Both sides of the head of three adult specimens from Argentinean Puna were dissected. Descriptions, illustrations, muscular maps, and weighing of all masticatory muscles were performed. Some facial muscles are also described. The myology of llamas confirms that camelids possess relatively large temporalis muscles, with Lama being less extreme than Camelus. This plesiomorphic feature is also recorded in suines and some basal euungulates. Conversely, the direction of the fibers of the M. temporalis is mainly horizontal, resembling grinding euungulates such as equids, pecorans, and some derived suines. Although the M. masseter of camelids and equids do not reach the particularly modified configuration of pecorans, in which it is rostrally extended and arranged horizontally, the posterior sectors of Mm. masseter superficialis and pterygoideus medialis have acquired relatively horizontal disposition in the former lineages, suitable for protraction. The pterygoidei complex presents several bundles, and its relative size is intermediate between suines and derived grinding euungulates. The whole masticatory muscles are relatively light when compared to jaw weight. The evolution of the masticatory muscles and chewing of camelids implied that grinding abilities were reached with less extreme modifications of the topography and/or proportions than pecoran ruminants and equids. A relatively large M. temporalis recruited as a powerful retractor during the power stroke is a key feature of camelids. The relaxed pressure on chewing derived from the acquisition of rumination explains the slenderer build masticatory musculature of camelids compared to other euungulates except ruminants.
Bone resorption and formation in the pedicles of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in relation to the antler cycle—A morphological and microanalytical study
Authors: Kierdorf Uwe , Gomez Santiago , Stock Stuart R. , Antipova Olga , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe analyzed pedicle bone from roe bucks that had died around antler casting or shortly before or during the rutting period. Pedicles obtained around antler casting were highly porous and showed signs of intense osteoclastic activity that had caused the formation of an abscission line. Following the detachment of the antler plus a portion of pedicle bone, osteoclastic activity in the pedicles continued for some time, and new bone was deposited onto the separation plane of the pedicle stump, leading to partial pedicle restoration. Pedicles obtained around the rutting period were compact structures. The newly formed, often very large secondary osteons, which had filled the resorption cavities, exhibited a lower mineral density than the persisting older bone. The middle zones of the lamellar infilling frequently showed hypomineralized lamellae and enlarged osteocyte lacunae. This indicates a deficiency in mineral elements during the formation of these zones that occurred along with peak antler mineralization. We suggest that growing antlers and compacting pedicles compete for mineral elements, with the rapidly growing antlers being the more effective sinks. The competition between the two simultaneously mineralizing structures is probably more severe in Capreolus capreolus than in other cervids. This is because roe bucks regrow their antlers during late autumn and winter, a period of limited food and associated mineral supply. The pedicle is a heavily remodeled bone structure with distinct seasonal variation in porosity. Pedicle remodeling differs in several aspects from the normal bone remodeling process in the mammalian skeleton.
Comparative analysis of the jaw apparatus of three marine annelids using scanning electron microscopy: Microstructure and elemental composition
Authors: Gonçalves Cátia , Alves de Matos António P. , Costa Pedro M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolychaeta are highly diversified invertebrates that inhabit marine, brackish or freshwater environments. They have acquired a unique range of adaptative features for securing food. However, the jaw apparatus may reveal not only defence and predation mechanisms, but also its relation to environmental chemistry. The present work compared the structure and chemical profile of the jaws of different estuarine Polychaeta: Nephtys hombergii (Nephtyidae), Hediste diversicolor (Nereididae) and Glycera alba (Glyceridae) using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X‐Ray (SEM–EDX). Analyses revealed that N. hombergii possesses a muscular jawless proboscis with terminal sensorial papillae for detecting prey, whereas the G. alba proboscis exhibits four delicately sharp jaws with perforations for venom delivery and H. diversicolor bears two blunt denticulated jaws to grasp a wide variety of food items. Melanin and metals like copper provide hardness to the slender jaws of Glycera, while, in the absence of heavier metallic elements, halogens contribute to H. diversicolor jaws robustness. The more specific chemistry of the jaws of glycerids is associated with its more refined venom injection, whereas Hediste is an opportunistic omnivore and Nepthys an agile forager. Altogether, the chemistry of jaws is an adaptive feature for feeding, locomotion and even resilience to complex and often adverse chemical profiles of estuaries.
Overconfident CEOs in Dire Straits: How Incumbent and Successor CEOs’ Overconfidence Affects Firm Turnaround Performance
Authors: Kowalzick Marc , Ahrens Jan‐Philipp , Lauterbach Jochim G. , Tang Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a well‐studied executive bias, CEO overconfidence usually has negative connotations – although empirical evidence of its performance effects remains inconclusive. By theorizing on CEO overconfidence in a turnaround situation, we propose that CEO overconfidence can either help or hinder turnaround performance, depending on whether the overconfident CEO is the incumbent who steered the firm into dire straits, or a successor hired during decline. Our empirical findings suggest that overconfidence in an incumbent CEO damages turnaround performance; replacing overconfident incumbents improves turnaround performance and overconfident successors hired during decline enhance turnaround performance. Exploratory post‐hoc analyses further suggest that these effects are driven by the divergent ways in which overconfidence biases incumbent and successor CEOs’ assessment of organizational decline. Comprehensive implications for research and practice on CEO overconfidence are discussed.
Serum proteome profiles in cats with chronic enteropathies
Authors: Yu Jane , Boland Lara , Catt Melissa , Puk Leah , Wong Nadia , Krockenberger Mark , Bennett Peter , Ruaux Craig , Wasinger Valerie C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSerum protein biomarkers are used to diagnose, monitor treatment response, and to differentiate various forms of chronic enteropathies (CE) in humans. The utility of liquid biopsy proteomic approaches has not been examined in cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo explore the serum proteome in cats to identify markers differentiating healthy cats from cats with CE.AnimalsTen cats with CE with signs of gastrointestinal disease of at least 3 weeks duration, and biopsy‐confirmed diagnoses, with or without treatment and 19 healthy cats were included.MethodsCross‐sectional, multicenter, exploratory study with cases recruited from 3 veterinary hospitals between May 2019 and November 2020. Serum samples were analyzed and evaluated using mass spectrometry‐based proteomic techniques.ResultsTwenty‐six proteins were significantly (P < .02, ≥5‐fold change in abundance) differentially expressed between cats with CE and controls. Thrombospondin‐1 (THBS1) was identified with >50‐fold increase in abundance in cats with CE (P < 0.001) compared to healthy cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDamage to the gut lining released marker proteins of chronic inflammation that were detectable in serum samples of cats. This early‐stage exploratory study strongly supports THBS1 as a candidate biomarker for chronic inflammatory enteropathy in cats.