bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and Progress of Inorganic Infrared Electrochromic Materials
and Devices
Authors: Li Xinglin , Yao Rihui , Li Muyun , Guo Chenxiao , Luo Dongxiang , Zhong Jinyao , Xu Zhuohui , Ning Honglong , Peng Junbiao 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Electrochromic materials can dynamically change their optical properties (such
as transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance under the action of an applied voltage, and their research
and application in the visible band have been widely concerned. In recent years, with the continuous development
of electrochromic technology, the related research has been gradually extended to the infrared
region.

Objective:
This invited review aims to provide an overview of the current status of several inorganic infrared
electrochromic materials, to provide some references for future research, and to promote the research
and application of electrochromic technology in the infrared region.

Methods:
This review summarizes various research results in the field of infrared electrochromic, which
includes a detailed literature review and patent search. Starting from the key performance parameters
and device structure characteristics of infrared electrochromic devices (ECDs), the research and progress
of several types of inorganic infrared electrochromic materials, including metal oxides, plasma
nanocrystals, and carbon nanomaterials, are mainly presented, and feasible optimization directions are
also discussed.

Conclusion:
We believe that the potential of these materials for civilian and military applications, for example,
infrared electrochromic smart windows, infrared stealth/disguise, and thermal control of spacecraft,
can be fully exploited by optimizing the materials and their devices to improve their performance.
Self-reported Knowledge and Practice of Saudi Dental Hygiene Students Towards the use of Chlorhexidine Mouthwash
Authors: Mulla Mushir 
Published: April 2023

Aim:
To assess the knowledge and practice of Saudi dental hygiene students regarding the use of mouthwashes in clinical practice.

Background:
Mouthwashes are chemical plaque control agents which are widely used for the prevention of tooth decay, gaining fresh breath, reducing plaque and calculus formation, and reducing gingival inflammation. Chlorhexidine is considered a gold standard mouthwash because of its substantivity action. Thus, it is very important for dental practitioners to understand the knowledge and practices regarding the use of Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Objective:
The primary objective of this study was to find dental hygiene students’ knowledge about chlorhexidine mouthwash and its side effects and also identify their practice toward the use of mouthwashes as plaque inhibiting agents.

Methods:
An online version of a pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used to test the knowledge and practices towards the use of Chlorhexidine mouthwash. Thus, A Cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in Saudi Arabia on dental hygiene students.

Results:
A total of 144 filled questionnaires were obtained out of which 88% were male and 12% were female. After converting the scores into percentages, any score <60% was categorized as a poor score, 60-80% as an average score, and >80% as a good score. Dental hygiene students showed an average knowledge about Chlorhexidine mouthwash with a score of 62.27% and also poor practice with a score of 57.98%.

Conclusion:
The findings of this cross-sectional study demonstrate that most of the Dental hygiene students in Saudi Arabia have got average knowledge and poor practice about the usage of Chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Clinical Significance:

Being the oral health care providers, it is mandatory for dental hygiene students to have adequate knowledge regarding the usage of mouthwashes. With optimum knowledge, they will be able to deliver the right information to the patients thereby ensuring the proper practice of the same.
Conceptualisation and Definition of Personal Recovery among People with Schizophrenia: Additionally Review
Authors: Thongsalab Jutharat , Yunibhand Jintana , Uthis Penpaktr 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Personal recovery is an essential mental health goal in schizophrenia. Personal recovery is deeply individual and cannot be uniformly characterised for each person. Therefore, the concept and definition of personal recovery in schizophrenia are still ambiguous.

Objective:
To clarify the definition and conceptualisation of personal recovery in schizophrenia patients

Methods:
The study followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework stages. Related electronic documents were searched in ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar.

Results:
Ten systematic review studies were included in this paper. Recovery conceptualisation is various perspectives of people with schizophrenia regarding personal recovery as follows: “Recovery as a journey”, “Recovery as a process”, “Recovery as an outcome”, and “Recovery components.”. In addition, it was codified into an operational definition congruent with the CHIME plus D (connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life, empowerment, and difficulty).

Conclusion:
Conceptualisation of personal recovery appears in line with the personal recovery process and outcomes close to each other. Therefore, instruments should be developed for measuring both recovery processes and outcomes simultaneously. Additionally, nursing intervention should be designed by aiming to promote and address CHIME plus D. Personal recovery studies in schizophrenia patients have been limited to developed countries. Therefore, in order to acquire a more thorough conceptualisation and characterisation, future research ought to take into account the characteristics, determinants, and outcomes of personal recovery among people with schizophrenia who come from developing nations and minority ethnic groups.
Moderate Physical Activity Reduces the Odds of Sarcopenia in Community-
dwelling Older Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gonçalves Marini José Augusto , Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Bohn Lucimere , Mota Jorge , Duncan Michael , dos Santos André Pereira , Lopes Machado Dalmo Roberto 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The time spent in different physical activity (PA) intensities is associated
with sarcopenia risk for community-dwelling older women.

Aim:
To evaluate the role of sitting time and physical activity (PA) level as predictors of sarcopenia
odds.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, physically independent older women (n = 67) performed the
six-minute walk test to identify functional limitation (≤ 400 m). Sedentary time (as sitting time)
and PA (light, moderate and vigorous) were obtained with the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ). Sarcopenia was diagnosed as recommended by the Society of Sarcopenia,
Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD). Sarcopenia odds (low muscle mass and functional limitation)
was predicted by binary logistic regression, considering the weekly sitting time and PA as
independent variables.

Results:
Sarcopenia prevalence was 7.5% (n = 5), with functional limitation present in 38.8% (n =
26), and low muscle mass in 22.4% (n = 15). The predictive model (p = 0.014) involved moderate
PA as the only significant predictor (OR = 0.999; p = 0.005; 95% CI: 0.998-1.000) of functional
limitation. Moderate PA prevents sarcopenia odds. Each weekly hour of moderate PA decreased
sarcopenia odds by 6%.

Conclusion:
Time spent in moderate PA can prevent sarcopenia.
Trapa natans L.: A Journey from Traditional to Contemporary Therapies -
A Review
Authors: Banu Zartaj Washmin , Dasgupta Debaprotim , Hazarika Iswar , Laloo Damiki , Kalita Jun Moni 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Trapa natans (Family: Trapacea) is an edible and ornate plant in warm, temperate regions of
Asia and Europe. Extracts of different parts, as well as the whole herb itself, have traditionally been used
to treat many ailments. Current review aims at documenting, finding research gaps, and critically appraising
the contemporary information on T. natans based on botanical account, traditional use, reported bioactive
constituents, toxicity, and therapeutic activities. We used several electronic databases, including
scientific data from Pubmed, and Google scholar up to April 3, 2022, incorporating keywords- “Trapa natans”
and “Traditional use of Trapa natans”. The result suggested: (a) The plant is used traditionally for
treating burning sensation, dipsia, dyspepsia, haemorrhage, diarrhoea, dysentery, leprosy, weariness, inflammation,
fractures, pharyngitis, urethrorrhea, bronchitis, and general debility. (b) The phytoconstituents
found in the plant include cycloucalenol, ursolic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, syringic
acid, quercetin and 2, 3, 23-trihydroxy urs-12-en-28-oic acid. The other phytoconstituents were
protein, carbohydrates, starch, flavonoids, and essential vitamins like riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine,
pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, vitamin A, vitamin C and D-amylase. (c) The plant was studied further
for its pharmacological activity in antidiabetic properties, antimicrobial potency, anti-inflammatory activity,
analgesic activity, immunomodulatory effect, antiulcer activity, anticancer property and nootropic
activity. (d) Starch obtained from T. natans was also found to have good freeze-thaw properties, metal
chelation properties and youghurt stability which could be used for pharmaceutical preparations. (e) The
acute oral toxicity of hydroalcoholic, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of T. natans was reported to be
safe up to a dose of 2000 mg/Kg. The present review suggests that T. natans needs to be explored for
evaluation of mechanistic study of the reported activities, preclinical investigations, and evaluation of
clinical studies on humans for its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic actions as well as the development
of dose-dependent formulations and routes of administration.
Instead of Calories, Should We Be Counting our Consumption of Exosomes
and MicroRNAs?
Authors: Hirschi Kendal Dee , Nalliah Vignesh , Rhein Hormat Shadgou 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
The specific foods to eat for optimal nutrition remain ill-defined. Studies using plant-based diets or milk suggest that vesicles, termed exosomes, and small RNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs) are health promoting components in foods. However, numerous studies refute the poten-tial of dietary cross-kingdom communication of exosomes and miRNAs. While research reinforces that plant-based diets and milk are healthy components of a well-rounded diet, the bioavailability and bioactivity of the exosomes and miRNAs present in plant-based diets and milk remain unclear. Further investigations of plant-based diet and milk exosome like particles may open a new era in application of food for overall health enhancement. In addition, the potential biotechnological plant-based diet and milk exosome like particles can aid in cancer treatment.
A Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Potentials of Black seeds (Nigella sativa)
in the Management of Monkeypox Infection
Authors: Maideen Naina Mohamed Pakkir , Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Muthusamy Sudha , Dhanabalan Kamalakannan , Sughir Abdussalam A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Around 3500 laboratory-confirmed cases of monkeypox infection, from 42 non-endemic
countries have been reported to World Health Organization (WHO), during the current multicountry
monkeypox outbreak. As of now, patients with monkeypox infection are managed symptomatically
with supportive care. Hence, our current review focuses on the analysis of the pharmacotherapeutic
potentials of black seeds (N. sativa). The literature was searched in web-based databases
including web of science, Medline/PMC/PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science
Direct, and reference lists to identify relevant publications. Several clinical, animal, in-vivo,
in-vitro, and in-silico studies have confirmed the antiviral efficacy of N. sativa against various viruses.
In addition, previous research have demonstrated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial,
antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Black seeds (N. sativa), which would help to
alleviate the signs, symptoms, and complications associated with monkeypox infection. In consequence,
black seeds (N. sativa) could be added as an adjuvant therapy along with repurposed/
investigational antiviral drugs and supportive care in the management of patients with monkeypox
infection in early stages to prevent inflammatory conditions and secondary bacterial infections.
The safety and efficacy of Black seeds (N. sativa) in the management of monkeypox infection
would further be established by future randomized controlled clinical trials.
Effects of Biofertilizers in Improving the Growth and Development of the
Traditional Medicinal Plant Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbadensis Miller)
Authors: Singha Partha Sarathi , Ghosh Ramkrishna , Firdaus Syed Benazir , Ghosh Debosree 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a very common water deficit-resistant plant
which has immense medicinal properties. It is a fleshy plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. Aloe
barbadensis has enormous medicinal value. According to historical records, it has been used in folk
and traditional medicine in different parts and regions of the world for ages. Aloe vera is widely
used in Ayurvedacharya and Unani medicine. The plant is a rich source of potent medicinal phytocomponents,
each with pronounced medicinal properties. Primarily, Aloe gel is considered one of
Mother Nature’s magical formulations for treating and curing various health ailments, including
skin diseases, hair fall, indigestion, inflammation, and many others. Studies revealed that the use of
biofertilizers significantly improves the growth and development of the Aloe plant. The quality and
quantity of the constituents of Aloe vera gel are also reported to improve significantly with the use
of biofertilizers. Biofertilizers, when used alone or in combination, are reported to influence the
length, width, biomass, and phytoconstituents of the leaves of the plant. Biofertilizers, which are
environment friendly and more effective on Aloe, can thus be considered a better substitute for other
fertilizers for boosting the qualitative and quantitative yield of the magical medicinal plant, Aloe
barbadensis.
Phyto-pharmacology of Most Common Indian Culinary Spices and their Potential in Developing New Pharmaceutical Therapies
Authors: Maqbool Mubashir , Chaudhary Kakul , Chalotra Rishabh , Chauhan Samrat , Dahiya Randhir Singh 
Published: April 2023

Background:Culinary spices and Indian kitchens share a historical relationship for centuries. An average Indian kitchen contains a lot of spices like fennel, cardamom, cumin, turmeric, clove, black pepper, etc., used to increase the aroma and taste of food. Scientific research suggested the pharmacological activities of these kitchen spices, as most of them enhance the appetite, digestion, and have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and some spices are potent anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity. Some Culinary spices are unexplored scientifically.Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the presently explored spices and some unexplored spices which might be used in certain parts of the world to enhance the flavor and could have medicinal benefits, studying their pharmacological actions in controlling or managing diseases.Methods:Numerous surveys in literature were done in response to determining the culinary spices used commonly in Indian kitchens and also some rare spices which might be used in certain parts of the world for their pharmacological, and traditional uses, their chemical constituents having pharmacological activities. Relevant peer-reviewed publications were searched through various databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, etc.Results:A total of 11 common culinary spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, etc. are studied regarding their common kitchen role, traditional uses, and their explored pharmacological activities, and 11 other spices like Alpinia galanga, Prunus mahaleb, Grain of Paradise, etc., which are used in some parts of the world having medicinal properties are also studied. The chemical constituents of these plants are also studied which could be responsible for their medicinal activity.Conclusion:In this review, an approach was made to study the common culinary spices and other culinary spices which might not be most common, having medicinal properties, so that better treatment options could be available for future generations.
Data-driven Evaluation Method for Cyber-Physical System Reliability of
Integrated Energy System
Authors: Wu Lizhen , He Langchao , Chen Wei , Hao Xiaohong 
Published: April 2023

Background::
In order to achieve the social goal of low carbon and high efficiency, integrated
energy system (IES) with deep integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) are being
developed rapidly. The reliability evaluation is an important basis for IES planning and operation.
Considering the deep coupling relationship between various systems, energy networks, and
cyber networks, and the impact of multiple uncertainties on the integrated energy system, the traditional
single index is difficult to quantify the reliability of the system, and the current evaluation
methods rely on mechanism analysis and accurate modeling. It is difficult to deal with the
coupling relationship between integrated energy systems, energy networks and information networks.
So, the quantitative evaluation of the reliability level index of integrated energy systems
under the cyber physical system is established, and a data-driven evaluation method is proposed.

Methods::
In this article, the energy entropy and information entropy theory are combined to establish
the reliability evaluation index of integrated energy system integration of cyber-physical
systems, and a data-driven evaluation method based on random matrix theory (RMT) is proposed.

Results::
A reliability evaluation model is established through RMT, and the single-ring law is
used to analyze the statistical properties of the matrix model to identify the abnormal state of the
system. Then the reliability of cyber and physical layers are evaluated based on energy entropy
and information entropy, respectively. In addition, sensitivity analyses on the impact of node interruption
probability, network topology, access load rate, and other factors are carried out.

Conclusion::
The examples of IES are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed
method.
Testing the Social Robot LOVOT´s Interaction With Adults With Autism and Mental Impairment: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Gregersen Lajla Holtebo , Dalskov Leisted Sofie , Samuelsen Frederik , Dinesen Birthe 
Published: April 2023

Background
Persons with autism and mental impairment face communicative, social, and behavioral challenges, and there is a need to establish effective interventions to improve the quality of daily life. Social robots working with children with autism have successfully improved their communication and social behavior and reduced stereotypic behavior. However, there is only limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of social robots.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the interactions, effects on well-being, experiences from health care professionals, and ethical aspects of deploying the LOVOT social robot as a tool for adults with autism and mental impairment.

Methods
Two social robots have been deployed in 3 residences. A total of 12 adults with autism and mental impairment were recruited. Individual planned sessions on interaction with the social robots are being carried out twice a week for 20-30 minutes over a period of 6 months. Participant observations are carried out every second week during the 6 months on themes such as well-being, interaction with the robot, the level of arousal, eye contact, and communication. Observations have been documented through standardized observation protocols and by video recording. Experiences from health care professionals and ethical aspects have been explored using semistructured interviews.

Results
Preliminary results indicate that LOVOT has improved the well-being of participants. Although the participants’ interest in LOVOT varies, the health care professionals report that some participants find great satisfaction interacting with LOVOT, describing LOVOT as a friend, and that LOVOT can provide comfort in stressed situations. Two LOVOTs were damaged by the participants during the study, indicating the importance of robust material in interventions with adults with autism and mental impairment.

Conclusions
Preliminary findings indicate that social robots can increase well-being among persons with autism and mental impairment.  Future care of persons with autism and mental impairment might benefit from the use of social robots as part of their care and quality of life.

Conflicts of Interest
None declared.
The Relationship Between Face Mask Use and Face-Touching Frequency in Public Areas: Naturalistic Study
Authors: Niesen Sydney , Ramon Daniel , Spencer-Hwang Rhonda , Sinclair Ryan 
Published: April 2023

Background
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, a major public health goal has been reducing the spread of the virus, with particular emphasis on reducing transmission from person to person. Frequent face touching can transmit viral particles from one infected person and subsequently infect others in a public area. This raises an important concern about the use of face masks and their relationship with face-touching behaviors. One concern discussed during the pandemic is that wearing a mask, and different types of masks, could increase face touching because there is a need to remove the mask to smoke, drink, eat, etc. To date, there have been few studies that have assessed this relationship between mask wearing and the frequency of face touching relative to face-touching behaviors.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the frequency of face touching in people wearing a mask versus not wearing a mask in high–foot traffic urban outdoor areas. The purpose of this study was to assess if mask wearing was associated with increased face touching.

Methods
Public webcam videos from 4 different cities in New York, New Jersey, Louisiana, and Florida were used to collect data. Face touches were recorded as pedestrians passed under the webcam. Adult pedestrians wearing masks were compared to those not wearing masks. Quantitative measures of frequency, duration, site of touch, and oral activities were recorded. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between mask use and face touching.

Results
Of the 490 observed subjects, 241 (49.2%) were wearing a mask properly and 249 (50.8%) were not. In the unmasked group, 33.7% (84/249) were wearing it improperly, covering the mouth only. Face touching occurred in 11.4% (56/490) of the masked group and 17.6% (88/490) in the unmasked group. Of those who touched their face, 61.1% (88/144) of people were not wearing a mask. The most common site of face touching was the perioral region in both groups. Both the masked and unmasked group had a frequency of face touching for 0.03 touches/s. Oral activities such as eating or smoking increased face touching in the unmasked group.

Conclusions
Contrary to expectations, non–mask-wearing subjects touched their face more frequently than those who were wearing a mask. This finding is substantial because wearing a face mask had a negative association with face touching. When wearing a mask, individuals are less likely to be spreading and ingesting viral particles. Therefore, wearing a mask is more effective in preventing the spread of viral particles.