bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a Highly Electroactive Composite Based on Au Nanoparticles Supported on Nanoporous Activated Carbon for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Moggia Giulia , Hoekx Saskia , Daems Nick , Bals Sara , Breugelmans Tom 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA facile, “one‐pot”, chemical approach to synthesize gold‐based nanoparticles finely dispersed on porous activated carbon (Norit) was demonstrated in this work. The pH of the synthesis bath played a critical role in determining the optimal gold‐carbon interaction, which enabled a successful deposition of the gold nanoparticles onto the carbon matrix with a maximized metal utilization of 93 %. The obtained AuNP/C nanocomposite was characterized using SEM, HAADF‐STEM electron tomography and electrochemical techniques. It was found that the Au nanoparticles, with diameters between 5 and 20 nm, were evenly distributed over the carbon matrix, both inside and outside the pores. Electrochemical characterization indicated that the composite had a very large electroactive surface area (EASA), as high as 282.4 m2 gAu−1. By exploiting its very high EASA, the catalyst was intended to boost the productivity of glucaric acid in the electrooxidation of its precursor, gluconic acid. However, cyclic voltammetry experiments revealed a very limited reactivity towards gluconic acid oxidation, due to the spacial hindrance of gluconic acid molecule which prevented diffusion inside the catalyst nanopores. On the other hand, the as‐synthesized nanocomposite promises to be effective towards the ORR, and might thus find potential application as anode catalyst for fuel cells as well as for the scalability of all those electrochemical reactions involving small molecules with high diffusivity and catalysed by noble metals (i. e. CO2, CH4, N2, etc..).
Blue‐Light Driven Iron‐Catalyzed Oxy‐phosphinylation of Activated Alkenes for β‐Ketophosphine Oxide Synthesis
Authors: Yuan Yumeng , Huang Qiufeng , Darcel Christophe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe have developed an original blue‐light mediated iron‐catalyzed oxy‐phosphinylation of activated alkenes by secondary phosphine oxides under air at room temperature. Various β‐ketophosphine oxides were then obtained in 43–97 % isolated yields. Control experiments revealed that radical process is involved in the mechanism.
Real‐world evidence that among atrial fibrillation patients warfarin is associated with reduced nonelective admissions compared with those on DOACs
Authors: Yu Dahai , Brown Julian , David Strain W. , Simmons David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundRandomized trials show inconsistent estimates on risks of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus warfarin in bleeding and mortality for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Trials are confounded by additional DOAC adherence support, while warfarin has a low time in therapeutic range. Few real‐world studies compared emergency hospitalization risk between DOAC and warfarin users in AF. This study aimed to determine emergency hospitalization risk for AF patients on DOACs or warfarin in real‐world settings.MethodsA tapered‐matched real‐world cohort extracted data from 412 English general practices' primary care records linked with emergency department (ED) and hospitalization data from the ECLIPSE database. AF patients with new DOAC or warfarin prescriptions were included. The primary outcome was all‐cause ED attendance; the secondary outcomes were ED re‐attendance, nonelective hospitalization, and rehospitalization within 12 months. Weighted Cox regression estimated relative risk difference.Results39 201 DOAC patients were matched with 13 145 warfarin patients. DOAC patients had a 25% higher likelihood of attending ED (odds ratio 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.55). DOAC use also associated with higher ED re‐attendance, nonelective hospitalization, and rehospitalization within 12 months: 1.41 (95% CI 1.00–1.98), 1.26 (1.00–1.57), and 1.54 (1.01–2.34), respectively, with p‐values < .05.ConclusionsDOACs for AF thromboprophylaxis are associated with the increased risk of ED attendance, recurrent hospitalization, and numerical rise in ED re‐attendance and first nonelective hospitalization compared to warfarin. However, these real‐world data cannot establish if this difference results from medication adherence, lack of regular DOAC clinic monitoring, unmeasured confounders, or fundamental agent efficacy disparities.
Critical local well‐posedness for the fully nonlinear Peskin problem
Authors: Cameron Stephen , Strain Robert M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study the problem where a one‐dimensional elastic string is immersed in a two‐dimensional steady Stokes fluid. This is known as the Stokes immersed boundary problem and also as the Peskin problem. We consider the case with equal viscosities and with a fully non‐linear tension law; this model has been called the fully nonlinear Peskin problem. In this case we prove local in time wellposedness for arbitrary initial data in the scaling critical Besov space . We additionally prove the optimal higher order smoothing effects for the solution. To prove this result we derive a new formulation of the boundary integral equation that describes the parametrization of the string, and we crucially utilize a new cancelation structure.
Value Added Conversion of Ethanol on Morphologically Controlled and Defect‐Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
Authors: Wang Zining , Qin Yumei , Chen Yu , Zhang Yuchen , Chen Qiwei , Zhou Xiong , Wu Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeveloping an environmentally benign and highly effective strategy for the value‐added conversion of biomass platform molecules such as ethanol has emerged as a significant challenge and opportunity. This challenge stems from the need to harness renewable solar energy and conduct thermodynamically unfavorable reactions at room temperature. To tackle this challenge, one‐dimensional titanium dioxide photocatalysts have been designed and fabricated to achieve a remarkable photocatalytic selectivity of almost 100 % for transforming ethanol into value‐added 1,1‐diethoxyethane, contrasting the primary production of acetaldehyde in titanium dioxide nanoparticles. By incorporating a Pt co‐catalyst and infusing oxygen vacancies into the one‐dimensional catalyst, the ethanol transformation rate was doubled to 128.8 mmol g−1 h−1 with respect to that of its unmodified counterpart (about 66.7 mmol g−1 h−1). The underlying mechanism for this high conversion and selectivity resides in the narrowed bandgap of the catalyst and the prolonged lifetime of the photo‐generated carriers. This is a promising strategy for the photocatalytic transformation of essential biomass platform molecules that intertwines morphological control and defect engineering.
Zwitterionic “Solutions” for Reversible CO2 Capture
Authors: Aydos Guilherme L. P. , Marin Graciane , Ebeling Günter , dos Santos Francisco P. , Leal Bárbara C. , Zink Rafael D. , Vargas Brenda A. , Migowski Pedro , Stieler Rafael , de Araújo Bruno B. , Gonçalves Paulo , Stassen Hubert K. , dos Santos Pereira Leonardo , Musse Ana Paula , Dupont Jairton 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe zwitterions resulting from the covalent attachment of 3‐ or 4‐hydroxy benzene to the 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium cation represent basic compounds (pKa of 8.68 and 8.99 in aqueous solutions, respectively) that chemisorb in aqueous solutions 0.58 mol/mol of carbon dioxide at 1.3 bar (absolute) and 40 °C. Equimolar amounts of chemisorbed CO2 in these solutions are obtained at 10 bar and 40 °C. Chemisorption takes place through the formation of bicarbonate in the aqueous solution using imidazolium‐containing phenolate. CO2 is liberated by simple pressure relief and heating, regenerating the base. The enthalpy of absorption was estimated to be −38 kJ/mol, which is about 30 % lower than the enthalpy of industrially employed aqueous solutions of MDEA (estimated at −53 kJ/mol using the same experimental apparatus). The physisorption of CO2 becomes relevant at higher pressures (>10 bar) in these aqueous solutions. Combined physio‐ and chemisorption of up to 1.3 mol/mol at 40 bar and 40 °C can be attained with these aqueous zwitterionic solutions that are thermally stable and can be recycled at least 20 times.
Is Ethanol Essential for the Lithium‐Mediated Nitrogen Reduction Reaction?
Authors: Bjarke Valbæk Mygind Jon , Pedersen Jakob B. , Li Katja , Deissler Niklas H. , Saccoccio Mattia , Fu Xianbiao , Li Shaofeng , Sažinas Rokas , Andersen Suzanne Z. , Enemark‐Rasmussen Kasper , Vesborg Peter C. K. , Doganli‐Kibsgaard Jakob , Chorkendorff Ib 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe lithium‐mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (Li‐NRR) is a promising method for decentralized ammonia synthesis using renewable energy. An organic electrolyte is utilized to combat the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, and lithium is plated to activate the inert N2 molecule. Ethanol is commonly used as a proton shuttle to provide hydrogen to the activated nitrogen. In this study, we investigate the role of ethanol as a proton shuttle in an electrolyte containing tetrahydrofuran and 0.2 M lithium perchlorate. Particularly designed electrochemical experiments show that ethanol is necessary for a good solid‐electrolyte interphase but not for the synthesis of ammonia. In addition, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) demonstrates that the SEI formation at the onset of lithium plating is of specific importance. Chemical batch synthesis of ammonia combined with real‐time mass spectrometry confirms that protons can be shuttled from the anode to the cathode by other species even without ethanol. Moreover, it raises questions regarding the electrochemical nature of Li‐NRR. Finally, we discuss electrolyte stability and electrochemical electrode potentials, highlighting the role of ethanol on electrolyte degradation.
Hyaline cell‐rich chondroid syringoma: A potential pitfall on cytology
Authors: Sharma Sudha , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Kanwar Arvind 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChondroid syringoma is a rare adnexal tumor of skin, with few cases diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Hyaline cell‐rich chondroid syringoma (HCRCS) is a very uncommon variant of chondroid syringoma described in histopathologic studies. This variant differs from the usual chondroid syringoma in its site of presentation, cytohistologic features, and morphologically mimics malignant neoplasms. To the best of our knowledge, cytologic features of this entity have never been described. This case report highlights some unusual features of this tumor and discusses the cytologic features of HCRCS along with neoplastic mimics.
An investigation of the morphological, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of an active packaging containing micro‐ and nano‐sized ZnO particles
Authors: Syarifa Raihan , Esmaeili Yasaman , Jafarzadeh Shima , Garavand Farhad , Mahmud Shahrom , Ariffin Fazilah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiodegradable films are extremely important for food packaging applications since they minimize environmental effects. However, their application areas are limited due to insufficient characteristics required for particular applications. The objective of the present research was to improve the properties of sago‐based biodegradable films embedded with nano‐ and micro‐ZnO (zinc oxide). Nano and micro‐ZnO were incorporated in the films at different percentages (1%, 3%, and 5%) in that the films were formed using the solvent casting method. The physicochemical, barrier, thermal, optical, morphology, and mechanical properties of sago‐based films were investigated. Adding 5% of micro‐ and nano‐ZnO significantly improved film thickness (0.162 and 0.150 mm, respectively) and WVP (4.40 and 5.64 (kg/s)/(m.Pa), respectively) while the optical properties and thermal stability exhibited superior performance. Micro‐ZnO particles improved the mechanical properties of sago‐based biodegradable films with the tensile strength reaching 6.173 MPa. Moreover, sago‐based nano‐ZnO films showed excellent UV‐shielding performance and relatively good visible‐light transmittance. This study suggested that sago biodegradable film incorporated with micro‐ZnO could be an excellent alternative to petroleum‐based plastic packaging.
‘I can see what's going on without being nosey…’: What matters to people living with dementia about home as revealed through visual home tours
Authors: Campbell Sarah , Clark Andrew , Keady John , Manji Kainde , Odzakovic Elzana , Rummery Kirstein , Ward Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis paper considers home from the perspective of people living with dementia supporting ongoing discourse around ageing in place and the significance of creating more inclusive communities.MethodsForty‐six home tour interviews led by people living with dementia were conducted in England and Scotland to better understand the connectivity between home and neighbourhood for people living with dementia. These interviews used a range of participatory and creative approaches including video, photographic images and in situ interviews. Data were analysed via reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified in data analysis. 1. Connected home and neighbourhood, where participants revealed the dynamic relationship between home and neighbourhood; 2. Practices of home, where participants discussed the everyday nature of their homes and routines; and 3. Displaying home and family, which reflected participant's biographical homes in the context of living with dementia.DiscussionThe findings show that home holds multiple meanings for people living with dementia. For example, home is understood as a part of the neighbourhood and an extension of the home space into gardens and backyards, thus extending existing discourses that solely focus on the inside of people's homes. For people living with dementia, homes are also sites of negotiation and renegotiation where new meanings are created to reflect the changing nature and context of the home. There is not one fixed solution to these issues. Support and understanding for people living with dementia will need to evolve to adapt to the shifting dynamics and multiple meanings of home.
Impact of comorbidities on outcomes in patients with advanced head and neck cancer undergoing immunotherapy
Authors: Guller Meytal , Cooper Dylan J. , Alkhatib Hosam , Suru Aditya , Blancaflor Angelo , Maroun Christopher A. , Tham Tristan , Allen Hailey , Mazzara Eden , Thomas Jerin , Amin Neha , Wu Evan , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole , Pardoll Drew , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Zhu Gangcai , Mandal Rajarsi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the impact of pre‐existing comorbidities on immunotherapy response, overall and progression‐free survival, and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) of patients with advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with immunotherapy.Patients and methodsNinety‐three patients treated with immunotherapy were identified and stratified into comorbidity absent or present (CCI < 1 and CCI ≥ 1, respectively) cohorts, and clinical outcomes were compared between these two groups.ResultsPatients with no comorbidities had longer overall survival (aHR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.18, 6.40], p = 0.02) and progression‐free survival (aHR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.03, 4.16], p = 0.04) and a higher tumor response rate (32% in CCI < 1 vs. 14% in CC ≥ 1, p = 0.05). Risk for irAEs was higher in the comorbidity absent group (p = 0.05).ConclusionComorbidity should be considered as a significant prognostic factor in clinical decision‐making for patients with advanced HNC undergoing immunotherapy.
Enacting people analytics: Exploring the direct and complementary effects of analytical and storytelling skills
Authors: McCartney Steven , Fu Na 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough research identifies analytical and storytelling skills as the two broad human capital inputs required to perform people analytics, further research is required to better understand how People Analysts that is, the enactors of people analytics, perceive the impact of these skills on their performance. Accordingly, this study draws on the human capital resource (HCR) and HCR complementarity frameworks to investigate the individual and collective impact of analytical and storytelling skills on People Analysts perceived job performance. A mixed‐method sequential explanatory research design is adopted, finding mixed results. Consistent with existing research, results from Phase 1 find People Analysts perceive storytelling skills to be positively associated with their job performance. However, contrary to existing claims, the findings reveal that analytical skills are only perceived to be significant in influencing People Analysts job performance when combined with storytelling skills, supporting a complementarity HCR relationship. To further explain the findings from Phase 1, Phase 2 involved collecting data from 50 people analytics professionals via semi‐structured interviews. Results from the thematic analysis reinforce the survey findings while also illustrating that People Analysts perceive the complementarity relationship between analytical and storytelling skills as important for improving job performance. Accordingly, we argue that debate in this area should be reframed to acknowledge the necessity of complementarities in building people analytics capabilities.
Differences in serum cytokine levels distinguish between clinically non‐invasive lung adenocarcinoma and invasive lung adenocarcinoma: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zeng Bingjie , Wang Xianzhao , Qin Yueyang , Cao Leiqun , Zhang Congcong , Meng Fanyu , Chen Changqiang , Wang Jiayi , Ma Lifang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer incidence and mortality remain high and are now the leading cause of cancer‐related death. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the main histological subtypes of lung cancer. Previous studies have shown the role of inflammation in the development of lung cancer, but the relationship between cytokines and LUAD is still unclear. To further differentiate and explore the association of cytokines with the risk of non‐invasive and invasive LUAD, we studied and assessed serum cytokine levels in patients with two types of LUAD.MethodsA cohort study of 90 non‐invasive LUAD and 90 invasive LUAD was retrospectively included, and the clinical characteristics were recorded in detail. The differences in the levels of 12 serum cytokines (IFN‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, IL‐12P70, IL‐17A, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α) between the two groups of patients with LUAD were analyzed and evaluated. And we evaluated the clinical value of cytokine differential diagnosis of invasive LUAD based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 56.6 years, and the proportions of males and females were 38.9% and 61.1%, respectively. IFN‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐8 were significantly increased in patients with invasive LUAD compared with the non‐invasive LUAD group. Further research found that smoking is an important factor, with changes in the four cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α being significantly higher in the smoking group of patients with invasive LUAD. It can be seen from the area under the curve that IL‐1β and IL‐2 have a significant differential diagnosis.ConclusionsWe observed differences in preoperative serum cytokine levels between patients with invasive and non‐invasive LUAD, which may serve as potential serum biomarkers for clinical differential diagnosis and disease progression assessment.
Gynaecologic and breast cancers in women living with HIV in South Africa: A record linkage study
Authors: Dhokotera Tafadzwa G. , Muchengeti Mazvita , Davidović Maša , Rohner Eliane , Olago Victor , Egger Matthias , Bohlius Julia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBreast and gynaecologic cancers account for approximately half of all cancers diagnosed amongst women in South Africa, many of whom also live with HIV. We aimed to determine the incidence of and risk factors for developing breast and gynaecologic cancers in women living with HIV (WLHIV) in South Africa. This is a longitudinal analysis of the South African HIV Cancer Match study including women aged ≥15 years with two or more HIV‐related laboratory tests. We used Cox proportional hazard models to determine the association of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)‐related and hormone‐related gynaecologic cancer with patient‐ and municipal‐level characteristics. From 3 447 908 women and 10.5 million years of follow‐up, we identified 11 384 incident and 7612 prevalent gynaecologic and breast cancers. The overall crude incidence rate was 108/1 00 000 person‐years (pyears) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 106‐110), with the highest incidence observed for cervical cancer (70/1 00 000 pyears; 95% CI: 68.5‐71.7). Low CD4 cell counts and high HIV RNA viral loads increased the risk of cervical and other HPV‐related cancers. Age was associated with both HPV‐related and hormone‐related cancers. Women accessing health facilities in high socioeconomic position (SEP) municipalities were more likely to be diagnosed with HPV‐related cancers and breast cancer than women accessing care in low SEP municipalities. It is important to improve the immunologic status of WLHIV as part of cancer prevention strategies in WLHIV. Cancer prevention and early detection programmes should be tailored to the needs of women ageing with HIV. In addition, SEP disparities in cancer diagnostic services have to be addressed.
Farm sustainability: a veterinary perspective
Authors: Black David , Hayton Rachel , Moffett Alasdair , Hopkins Rhys 
Published: September 2023

Background: Our planet is facing a catastrophic environmental crisis caused by climate change (with greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture accounting for around 10 per cent of the UK's total emissions), biodiversity collapse, species extinctions, food inequality and resource scarcity.Aim of the article: Farming is coming ever more under the spotlight for its environmental credentials and this article aims to explore the contribution of vets to the challenges ahead.