bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Ambient‐Moisture–Driven Wearable Electrical Power Generator
Authors: Maity Debasis , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExisting devices for generating electrical power from water vapor in ambient air require high levels of relative humidity (RH), cannot operate for prolonged periods, and provide insufficient output for most practical applications. Here a heterogeneous moisture‐driven electrical power generator (MODEG) is developed in the form of a free‐standing bilayer of polyelectrolyte films, one consisting of a hygroscopic matrix of graphene oxide(GO)/polyaniline(PANI) [(GO)PANI] and the other consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)‐modified fluorinated Nafion (F‐Nafion (PDDA)). One MODEG unit (1 cm2) can deliver a stable open‐circuit output of 0.9 V at 8 µA for more than 10 h with a matching external load. The device works over a wide range of temperature (−20 to +50 °C) and relative humidity (30% to 95% RH). It is shown that series and parallel combinations of MODEG units can directly supply sufficient power to drive commercial electronic devices such as light bulbs, supercapacitors, circuit boards, and screen displays. The (GO)PANI:F‐Nafion (PDDA) hybrid film is embedded in a mask to harvest the energy from exhaled water vapor in human breath under real‐life conditions. The device could consistently generate 450–600 mV during usual breathing, and provides sufficient power to drive medical devices, wearables, and emergency communication.
Changes in soil hydraulic conductivity in sweet potato field with living mulch
Authors: Nishiwaki Junko , Koseki Takuya , Asagi Naomi , Saito Hirotaka , Sidle Roy C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiving mulch (LM) is used in agricultural fields to suppress weeds, control diseases, and mitigate erosion. It also enhances soil nutrient supply at the root death and decay stage during the growing season. However, benefits of LM to soil hydraulic properties related to soil pore structure have not been elaborated here. We focus on temporal changes in soil hydraulic conductivity (K) in a field where sweet potato was grown with and without LM (barley, Hordeum vulgare L.). K was measured in the field using a mini‐disk infiltrometer at three different pressure heads. In the plots with LM, K decreased significantly in August and then increased in October compared to plots without LM (at –0.5 cm pressure head). Changes in soil pore structure due to root growth or death and decay may alter soil hydraulic conductivity.
Molecular Nature of Electrodeposits in Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Younus Hussein A. , Ahmad Nazir , Al‐Abri Mohammed , Al‐Hajri Rashid , Zhang Shiguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe molecular nature and the structure of the real catalyst are matters of serious concern in homogeneous catalysis. Catalyst transformation in molecular water oxidation catalysis (WOC) is usually linked to catalyst decomposition with the generation of nanostructured materials. This is mainly due to the operational conditions that are conducive for the formation of metal oxides (MOx), which have a strong affinity for adsorbing onto the electrodes’ surfaces. Recently, the exhibition of the molecular nature of the electrodeposits rather than MOx is a breakthrough in the field of WOC, suggesting that deposits in electrocatalysis are not constrained to metal oxides/hydroxides after molecular catalyst decomposition. Therefore, several points should be considered before deciding whether the deposits are aggregates of a molecular structure or simple metal oxides formed due to the decomposition of the original structure. Thus, the aim of this perspective is to showcase the examples of homogeneous WOCs where metal–organic species are electrodeposited instead of metal oxide‐based catalysts. The transformation of heterogenized molecular catalysts for WO into a more electroactive form while preserving their molecular identity, is also discussed. This summary provides an overview of the molecular nature of electrodeposits, how to identify their presence and decide about their nature.
The Clinical Impact of Electronic Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures in the Remote Monitoring of Inflammatory Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Arumalla Nikita , Chan Chun K. D. , Gibson Mark , Man Yik L. , Adas Maryam A. , Norton Sam , Galloway James B. , Garrood Toby 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe inflammatory arthritides (IAs) make up a significant proportion of conditions followed up in rheumatology clinics. These patients require regular monitoring, but this is increasingly difficult with rising patient numbers and demand on clinics. Our objective is to evaluate the clinical impact of electronic patient‐reported outcome measures (ePROMs) as a digital remote‐monitoring intervention on disease activity, treatment decisions, and health care resource use in patients with IA.MethodsFive databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched, with randomized controlled trials and (nonrandomized) controlled clinical trials included, and meta‐analysis and forest plots conducted for each outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias‐2 tool and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions.ResultsEight studies were included with a total of 4,473 patients, with seven studies assessing patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Compared with control, the disease activity in the ePROM group was lower (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.27 to −0.03) and rates of remission/low disease activity were higher (odds ratio1.65; 95% CI 1.02–2.68), but five of eight studies provided additional combined interventions (e.g., disease education). Fewer face to face visits were needed in the remote ePROM group (SMD −0.93; 95% CI −2.14–0.28).ConclusionMost studies were at high risk of bias with significant heterogeneity in design, but our results suggest there is an advantage in using ePROM monitoring in patients with IAs, with the potential for reduction in health care resource use without detrimental impact in disease outcomes.
Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and microcystin‐related gene expression of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806
Authors: Jafarzadeh Arash , Phan Duc , Kapoor Vikram 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) have incurred numerous health problems through drinking water or exposure. A better understanding of the growth kinetics and toxin production under different environmental conditions will help develop tools for early‐warning indicators for predicting HABs. Lab‐scale experiments were performed with Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 under varying N:P ratios and temperatures. We observed different growth behaviors for cultures growing at the three temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C). M. aeruginosa exhibited higher growth rates at higher N:P ratios during the incubation at 25 and 30°C. Microcystis 16S rRNA gene abundance correlated well with the cell growth parameters. Based on RT‐qPCR data, the transcripts of mcyA, mcyD, and mcyE were occasionally detected with N:P of 76.86 showing highest detections of all gene transcripts. Intracellular microcystin (MC) production corresponded well with the presence of gene transcripts, while no extracellular MC was detected. These findings would provide valuable insights and beneficial guidance to further explore and predict the impacts of cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater systems.
Association between motoric cognitive risk syndrome and future falls among Chinese community‐dwelling elderly: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lu Wei‐wei , Liu Bang‐zhong , Lv Min‐zhi , Tu Jin‐kang , Kang Zi‐rui , Hu Rui‐Ping , Zhu Yu‐Lian , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMotoric Cognitive Risk syndrome (MCR), known as the predementia stage, is characterized by both subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) and slow gait. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between MCR, its components, and falls.MethodsParticipants aged ≥ 60 years were selected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. SCC was determined by participants' responses to the question “How would you rate your memory at present?” with “poor” being the indicative answer. Slow gait was defined as one standard deviation or more below age‐ and gender‐appropriate mean values of gait speed. MCR was identified when both SCC and slow gait were presented. Future falls were investigated by the question “have you fallen down during follow‐up until wave 4 in 2018?” Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the longitudinal association of MCR, its components and future falls during the following 3 years.ResultsOf 3748 samples in this study, the prevalence of MCR, SCC, and slow gait was 5.92%, 33.06%, and 15.21%, respectively. MCR increased the risk of falls during the following 3 years by 66.7% compared to non‐MCR after controlling for covariates. In the fully adjusted models, with the healthy group as reference, MCR (OR = 1.519, 95%CI = 1.086–2.126) and SCC (OR = 1.241, 95%CI = 1.018–1.513), but not slow gait, increased the risk of future falls.ConclusionsMCR independently predicts future falls risk in the following 3 years. Measuring MCR can be a pragmatic tool for early identification of falls risk.
The Selective Detection of Cyantraniliprole Insecticides Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Coupled with an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition‐Based Biosensor
Authors: Suwannapattana Preechaya , Kongkaew Manisa , Thongchai Wisanu , Sirasunthorn Nichanun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCyantraniliprole is one of the anthranilic diamide insecticides widely used in the agriculture sector. Due to its low toxicity and relatively fast degradation, there is need for a sensitive determination method for its residues. Nowadays, there is growing interest in the development of enzyme‐based biosensors. The major drawback is the non‐specific binding of many insecticides to the enzyme. This work employs Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to increase enzyme specificity and eliminate the organic solvent effect on the enzyme activity. The synthesized Cyan‐Molecularly imprinted polymers (Cyan‐MIP) possesses high affinity and selectivity toward cyantraniliprole. Acetylcholinesterase assay characteristics including enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, DTNB concentration, and acetonitrile concentration were optimized. Under optimal experimental conditions, the developed MIP‐Acetylcholinesterase (MIP‐AchE) inhibition‐based sensor provides better precision than the AchE inhibition‐based sensor with a wide linear range (15–50 ppm), limit of detection (LOD) 4.1 ppm, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) 12.6 ppm. The sensor was successfully applied for cyantraniliprole determination in spiked melon, giving satisfactory recoveries.
Reversible Zn/polymer heterogeneous anode
Authors: Xiong Lingyun , Fu Hao , Yang Kai , Kim Ji Young , Ren Ren , Lee Joong Kee , Yang Woochul , Liu Guicheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCommercialization of Zn‐metal anodes with low cost and high theoretical capacity is hindered by the poor reversibility caused by dendrites growth, side reactions, and the slow Zn2+‐transport and reaction kinetics. Herein, a reversible heterogeneous electrode of Zn‐nanocrystallites/polyvinyl‐phosphonic acrylamide (Zn/PPAm) with fast electrochemical kinetics is designed for the first time: phosphonic acid groups with strong polarity and chelation effect ensure structural reversibility and stability of the three‐dimensional Zn‐storage‐host PPAm network and the Zn/PPAm hybrid; hydrophobic carbon chains suppress side reactions such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion; weak electron‐donating amide groups constitute Zn2+‐transport channels and promote “desolvation” and “solvation” effects of Zn2+ by dragging the PPAm network on the Zn‐metal surface to compress/stretch during Zn plating/stripping, respectively; and the heterostructure and Zn nanocrystallites suppress dendrite growth and enhance electrochemical reactivity, respectively. Thus, the Zn/PPAm electrode shows cycle reversibility of over 6000 h with a hysteresis voltage as low as 31 mV in symmetrical cells and excellent durability and flexibility in fiber‐shaped batteries.
A transfer learning approach using improved copula subspace division for multi‐mode fault detection
Authors: Zhou Yang , Jia Li , Zhang Yilan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMulti‐mode characteristics of industrial processes are prominent in the area of chemical production due to a diversified market demand. Despite mounting interests in predictive modelling for the optimization of operating conditions in chemical production processes, particularly in the petrochemical industry with multiple feeds and a range of cracking furnaces, targeted solutions that could hold wider applicability are typically hindered by the lack of available data. To overcome the limitation posed by data scarcity, an inductive approach based on transfer learning for fault detection is proposed utilizing copula subspace division (CSD), named TrAdaBoost CSD (TCSD). The proposed TCSD method is based on the probability view to transfer different most similar source samples to target samples. To select the optimal number of source samples, two adaptive indices were proposed and designed to adaptively assign the optimal model training iterations and sample number per iteration. Imbalance in data samples between the target and source datasets was addressed via the adaptive active vine copula‐based probabilistic method. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed TCSD approaches are validated via a numerical example (with the ranges of normalized fault detection and false alarm rates [FDR and FAR] between 0.82–0.94 and 0.01–0.04, respectively), the Tennessee Eastman process (~10% and 2.24% improvement for FDR and FAR, respectively), and the ethylene cracking furnace process (~15% and 8% improvement for FDR and FAR, respectively).
Gliding arc plasma treatment of levofloxacin using experimental design approach
Authors: Trifi Beyram , Marzouk Trifi Ikhlass , Kouass Salah , Zahraa Orfan , Alatrache Abir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe degradation of levofloxacin, a pharmaceutical pollutant model has been studied by gliding arc plasma (Glidarc). In this work, a full factorial design was applied to investigate the influence of the operating parameters and their interactions on the degradation yield. This experimental design demonstrates that the electrode–solution distance is the most influential factor followed by the concentration of levofloxacin and the applied voltage. Response surface methodology using Doehlert design was adopted to predict the optimal conditions of the plasma treatment. Results showed that for an applied voltage of 7.2 kV, an electrode–solution distance of 2.7 cm, and an initial concentration of 45.6 mg L−1, the degradation yield reached 52.81 ± 1.19% after 90 min of plasma treatment, which corresponds to an energy yield of 40.1 mg kW−1 h−1. In addition, to develop a cost‐effective system for the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants, biodegradability of the plasma pretreated solutions was evaluated. Results showed that a readily biodegradable solution was obtained after only 30 min of plasma pretreatment. Hence, the feasibility and the efficiency of coupling plasma to biodegradation processes were confirmed. Moreover, coupling plasma to photocatalysis was carried out and results showed that 45 min of plasma treatment followed by 40 min of photocatalytic treatment achieved 100% degradation that neither the plasma process nor the photocatalysis process can reach alone.
An adaptive semi‐implicit finite element solver for brain cancer progression modeling
Authors: Tzirakis Konstantinos , Papanikas Christos Panagiotis , Sakkalis Vangelis , Tzamali Eleftheria , Papaharilaou Yannis , Caiazzo Alfonso , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos , Vavourakis Vasileios 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most aggressive and infiltrative glioma, classified as Grade IV, with the poorest survival rate among patients. Accurate and rigorously tested mechanistic in silico modeling offers great value to understand and quantify the progression of primary brain tumors. This paper presents a continuum‐based finite element framework that is built on high performance computing, open‐source libraries to simulate glioblastoma progression. We adopt the established proliferation invasion hypoxia necrosis angiogenesis model in our framework to realize scalable simulations of cancer, and has demonstrated to produce accurate and efficient solutions in both two‐ and three‐dimensional brain models. The in silico solver can successfully implement arbitrary order discretization schemes and adaptive remeshing algorithms. A model sensitivity analysis is conducted to test the impact of vascular density, cancer cell invasiveness and aggressiveness, the phenotypic transition potential, including that of necrosis, and the effect of tumor‐induced angiogenesis in the evolution of glioblastoma. Additionally, individualized simulations of brain cancer progression are carried out using pertinent magnetic resonance imaging data, where the in silico model is used to investigate the complex dynamics of the disease. We conclude by arguing how the proposed framework can deliver patient‐specific simulations of cancer prognosis and how it could bridge clinical imaging with modeling.
Pharmacokinetics of Enarodustat in Non‐Japanese and Japanese Healthy Subjects and in Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis
Authors: Pai Sudhakar M. , Kambhampati Siva Rama Prasad , Naruhashi Shinya , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of enarodustat were elucidated in healthy subjects and in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis in phase 1 studies conducted in the United States and Japan. In healthy non‐Japanese and Japanese subjects, following single oral administration up to 400 mg, enarodustat was rapidly absorbed. Maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from the time of dosing to infinity were dose‐dependent, renal excretion of unchanged enarodustat was substantial (on average ≈45% of dose), and mean t1/2 of <10 hours indicated negligible accumulation with once‐daily dosing. In general, with daily dosing (25, 50 mg), accumulation at steady‐state was ≈1.5‐fold (t1/2(eff) ≈15 hours), presumably due to a decrease in renal drug excretion which is not clinically relevant in patients with ESRD. In the single‐ and multiple‐dose studies, plasma clearance (CL/F) was lower in healthy Japanese subjects. In non‐Japanese patients with ESRD on hemodialysis, following once‐daily dosing (2–15 mg), enarodustat was rapidly absorbed, steady‐state maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve during the dosing interval were dose‐dependent, and interindividual variability in the exposure parameters was low‐to‐moderate (coefficient of variation, 27%–39%). Steady‐state CL/F was similar across doses, renal drug excretion was not significant (<10% of dose), mean t1/2 and t1/2(eff) were similar (overall, 8.97–11.6 hours), and accumulation was minimal (≈20%), demonstrating predictable pharmacokinetics. Japanese patients with ESRD on hemodialysis (15 mg, single dose) exhibited similar pharmacokinetics with mean t1/2 of 11.3 hours and low interindividual variability in the exposure parameters, albeit with lower CL/F versus non‐Japanese patients. Body weight‐adjusted clearance values were generally similar in non‐Japanese and Japanese healthy subjects and also in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis.
Do Phenyl Substituents Affect the Properties of Azobenzocrown Derivatives?
Authors: Wagner‐Wysiecka Ewa , Szulc Paulina , Luboch Elżbieta , Chojnacki Jarosław , Laskowska Dominika , Miklaszewska Paulina , Sowiński Paweł 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNew products of photo‐ and thermal rearrangements of 19‐membered azoxybenzocrown with phenyl substituents in benzene rings in the para positions to oligooxyethylene fragments are characterized in this work. The yields of photochemical transformations depend on the solvent. Para‐hydroxyazocrown is formed with yields over 50 % in propan‐2‐ol. Ortho‐hydroxyazobenzocrown is obtained with yields up to 70 % in toluene/acetic acid mixture. Macrocyclic Ph‐20‐ester is obtained in yield 90 % under thermochemical rearrangement conditions. Structure of new hydroxyazobenzocrowns and also atypical product of rearrangements, 20‐membered ester, was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Azophenol
quinone‐hydrazone tautomeric equilibrium of new hydroxyazobenzocrowns and the influence of metal cations on tautomeric equilibrium was investigated using 1H NMR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy in acetonitrile. The highest value of stability constant (logK 7.25) was obtained for strontium complex of p‐hydroxyazobenzocrown. For the first time p‐hydroxyazobenzocrown was used as a chromoionophore in the receptor layer of an optical sensor. Comparative analysis with data obtained previously for series 19‐membered analogs have shown the influence of the presence of substituents in benzene rings for the course and products distribution of photo and thermal rearrangement. The effect of substituents was also discussed against the tautomeric equilibrium and metal cation complexation properties.
Performance improvement of 36‐slot 6‐terminal induction motor drive using pole phase modulation with higher slot per pole per phase
Authors: Umredkar S. V. , Keshri R. , Borghate V. B. , Renge M. M. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryElectric vehicles (EVs) are getting imperative with passing time due to depleting fossil fuel resources and worsening pollution scenario. Induction motors (IMs) are a promising alternative to the conventional drive systems due to its inherent advantages. However, an efficient geared operation similar to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is essential for wider adoption of the IM drive in EVs. Pole phase modulation technique helps achieve variable speed and torque combinations analogous to geared operation in IM. Performance of the IM drive can be improved by altering the stator winding configuration to achieve high slot per pole per phase, lesser leakage reactance, and lower DC link voltages. A single layered distributed winding is proposed in this work to achieve the above objectives. The proposed winding is first simulated using Maxwell‐2D and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) that are performed to understand the performance characteristics of IM drive with proposed winding scheme. The hardware implementation of the similar setup is done, and the tests are carried out to validate the simulation results. A 3HP, 36‐slot, 6‐terminal IM was fabricated for this purpose which was fed by the microcontroller based 6‐leg inverter for stator winding excitation. This helps to achieve low pole (6‐phase/2‐pole) and high pole (3‐phase/4‐pole) modes of operation to simulate a 2‐geared ICE performance. The study proved that high torque driving requirements can be fulfilled by a low pole operation while cruising requirements are met with a high pole operation. It also showed that the constant power region increases along with the efficiency contours plotted against the torque‐speed characteristics.