bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on the Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Propulsion Shafting under Time-Varying Hull Motion
Authors: Changyou Huang , Jianzhong Hu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Due to the effect of external elements such sea waves and sea wind, the ship will unavoidably produce 6 degrees of freedom of movement, with roll motion being the most likely to occur and having the greatest impact. This paper establishes a general dynamic model of the propulsion shafting based on Timoshenko beam theory, the concentrated mass method, and Lagrange’s equation under roll motion and translation motion to study the dynamic behaviour of the propulsion shafting under roll motion and translation motion. FFT, axis trajectory, Poincaré map, and 3D spectrogram were utilized to examine the impact of motion amplitude, frequency, and rotation speed on the propulsion shafting’s dynamic response. The results demonstrated that base motion significantly affects the dynamics of the propulsion shafting, resulting in many components appearing in the system’s response spectrum, and the system changes from quasi-periodic to chaotic motion when base motion amplitude or frequency rises.
Encapsulating therapeutic cells in RGD-modified agarose microcapsules
Authors: Dutcher Megan , Chewchuk Simon , Benavente-Babace Ainara , Soucy Nicholas , Wan Fan , Merrett Kim , Davis Darryl R , Harden James L , Godin Michel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Current cell-based strategies for repairing damaged tissue often show limited efficacy due to low cell retention at the site of injury. Encapsulation of cells within hydrogel microcapsules demonstrably increases cell retention but benefits can be limited due to premature cell escape from the hydrogel microcapsules and subsequent clearance from the targeted tissue. We propose a method of encapsulating cells in agarose microcapsules that have been modified to increase cell retention by providing cell attachment domains within the agarose hydrogel allowing cells to adhere to the microcapsules. We covalently modified agarose with the addition of the cell adhesion peptide, RGD (arginine, glycine, aspartic acid). We then used a microfluidic platform to encapsulate single cells within 50 μm agarose microcapsules. We tracked encapsulated cells for cell viability, egress from microcapsules and attachment to microcapsules at 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after encapsulation. Many encapsulated cells eventually egress their microcapsule. Those that were encapsulated using RGD-modified agarose adhered to the outer surface of the microcapsule following egress. NIH 3T3 cells showed nearly 45% of egressed cells attached to the outside of RGD modified agarose microcapsules, while minimal cellular adhesion was observed when using unmodified agarose. Similarly, human umbilical vein endothelial cells had up to 33% of egressed cells attached and explant-derived cardiac cells showed up to 20% attachment with the presence of RGD binding domains within the agarose microcapsules.
A numerical study on the impact of lubricant rheology and surface topography on heavily loaded non-conformal contacts
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K , Ahmad Dilshad , Katiyar Jitendra K , Prakash Chander , Ajaj Rafic M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The increasing requirement of high-power density (power throughput/ weight) in modern day machines lead to thin film lubrication condition in various machine components (rolling element bearings, gears, cams, etc,) due to severe loading conditions. Surface roughness features and lubricant rheology plays a vital role in thin film lubrication, and significantly affects the lubrication performance and lifetime of machine components. The present work demonstrates surface topography and lubricant rheology effects on the traction coefficient for heavily loaded non-conformal contacts. The load-sharing concept considering elastic-plastic deformation of asperities, and Carreau shear-thinning rheological model is employed to describe the dry rough contacts and non-Newtonian behavior of lubricant. An influence of surface topography parameters such as roughness, skewness, kurtosis, and pattern ratio on the traction coefficient is discussed. From results, it is found that among different surface topographies, negatively skewed surfaces having isotropic surface pattern exhibit minimum traction coefficient. The load share function and the critical rolling speed are determined for various surface topographies which provides further insights into the surface topography effect on traction coefficient. The findings of present study are noteworthy as they provide a theoretical basis for an assessment of the lubrication performance of heavily loaded non-conformal contacts.
Effects of equal channel angular rolling process on the mechanical properties of Al-Cu two-layer sheets: experimental and numerical approaches
Authors: Darvishi Mostafa , Morovvati Mohammadreza , Aghchai Abdolhossein Jalali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of explosion-welded Al/Cu two-layer strips during the ECAR process using finite element simulations and experiments. Furthermore, the explosion-welded Al/Cu two-layer strip was examined with various configurations to determine the effects of die angle and friction coefficient on the distributions of effective strain and stress. In addition, the experimental and computational approaches were utilized to explore the ECAR process in two routes, RA and RC, for three directions. Finite element simulations were run and validated using experimental data. The findings show that the ECAR method is effective to enhance the mechanical characteristics of the strips. Moreover, the obtained results represent that the ECAR process reduced the size of the grains. Furthermore, it was shown that by increasing the number of routes in the ECAR process, the stress values were increased. However, the ductility of the two-layer strip was decreased. According to the current study, the route and the number of routes used in the ECAR process have a considerable effect on the strength of the two-layer strip.
Long COVID: what is known and what gaps need to be addressed
Authors: Krishna Benjamin , Wills Mark , Sithole Nyaradzai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionLong COVID is a chronic condition that follows after acute COVID-19 and is characterized by a wide range of persistent, cyclic symptoms.Sources of dataPubMed search for publications featuring ‘Long COVID’ or ‘post-acute sequelae of COVID-19’.Areas of agreementLong COVID occurs frequently post-acute COVID-19, with a majority of people experiencing at least one symptom (such as cough, fatigue, myalgia, anosmia and dyspnoea) 4 weeks after infection.Areas of controversyThe specific symptoms and the minimum duration of symptoms required to be defined as Long COVID.Growing pointsThere is a consistent reduction in Long COVID incidence amongst vaccinated individuals, although the extent of this effect remains unclear.Areas timely for developing researchThere is an urgent need to understand the causes of Long COVID, especially extreme fatigue more than 6 months after infection. We must understand who is at risk and whether reinfections similarly risk Long COVID.
Associations between sleep health and grey matter volume in the UK Biobank cohort (n= 33 356)
Authors: Schiel Julian E , Tamm Sandra , Holub Florian , Petri Roxana , Dashti Hassan S , Domschke Katharina , Feige Bernd , Goodman Matthew O , Jones Samuel E , Lane Jacqueline M , Ratti Pietro-Luca , Ray David W , Redline Susan , Riemann Dieter , Rutter Martin K , Saxena Richa , Sexton Claire E , Tahmasian Masoud , Wang Heming , Weedon Michael N , Weihs Antoine , Kyle Simon D , Spiegelhalder Kai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs suggested by previous research, sleep health is assumed to be a key determinant of future morbidity and mortality. In line with this, recent studies have found that poor sleep is associated with impaired cognitive function. However, to date, little is known about brain structural abnormalities underlying this association. Although recent findings link sleep health deficits to specific alterations in grey matter volume, evidence remains inconsistent and reliant on small sample sizes. Addressing this problem, the current preregistered study investigated associations between sleep health and grey matter volume (139 imaging-derived phenotypes) in the UK Biobank cohort (33 356 participants). Drawing on a large sample size and consistent data acquisition, sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, chronotype, sleep medication and sleep apnoea were examined. Our main analyses revealed that long sleep duration was systematically associated with larger grey matter volume of basal ganglia substructures. Insomnia symptoms, sleep medication and sleep apnoea were not associated with any of the 139 imaging-derived phenotypes. Short sleep duration, daytime sleepiness as well as late and early chronotype were associated with solitary imaging-derived phenotypes (no recognizable pattern, small effect sizes). To our knowledge, this is the largest study to test associations between sleep health and grey matter volume. Clinical implications of the association between long sleep duration and larger grey matter volume of basal ganglia are discussed. Insomnia symptoms as operationalized in the UK Biobank do not translate into grey matter volume findings.
Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Current Clinical Challenges
Authors: Nelson Sandra B , Pinkney Jodian A , Chen Antonia F , Tande Aaron J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Over the last several decades, periprosthetic joint infection has been increasing in incidence and is occurring in more complex patients. While there have been advances in both surgical and medical treatment strategies, there remain important gaps in our understanding. Here, we share our current approaches to the diagnosis and management of periprosthetic joint infection, focusing on frequent clinical challenges and collaborative interdisciplinary care.
Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Density, Inflammation, and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease Among People With HIV in the REPRIEVE Cohort
Authors: Foldyna Borek , Mayrhofer Thomas , Zanni Markella V , Lyass Asya , Barve Radhika , Karady Julia , McCallum Sara , Burdo Tricia H , Fitch Kathleen V , Paradis Kayla , Fulda Evelynne S , Diggs Marissa R , Bloomfield Gerald S , Malvestutto Carlos D , Fichtenbaum Carl J , Aberg Judith A , Currier Judith S , Ribaudo Heather J , Hoffmann Udo , Lu Michael T , Douglas Pamela S , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) may influence plaque development through inflammatory mechanisms. We assessed PCAT density, as a measure of pericoronary inflammation, in relationship to coronary plaque among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV [PWH]) and to a matched control population.

Methods
In this baseline analysis of 727 participants of the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) Mechanistic Substudy, we related computed tomography–derived PCAT density to presence and extent (Leaman score) of coronary artery disease (CAD), noncalcified plaque, coronary artery calcium (CAC), and vulnerable plaque features using multivariable logistic regression analyses. We further compared the PCAT density between PWH and age, sex, body mass index, CAC score, and statin use–matched controls from the community-based Framingham Heart Study (N = 464), adjusting for relevant clinical covariates.

Results
Among 727 REPRIEVE participants (age 50.8 ± 5.8 years; 83.6% [608/727] male), PCAT density was higher in those with (vs without) coronary plaque, noncalcified plaque, CAC &gt;0, vulnerable plaque, and high CAD burden (Leaman score &gt;5) (P &lt; .001 for each comparison). PCAT density related to prevalent coronary plaque (adjusted odds ratio [per 10 HU]: 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.70; P &lt; .001), adjusted for clinical cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, and systemic immune/inflammatory biomarkers. Similarly, PCAT density related to CAC &gt;0, noncalcified plaque, vulnerable plaque, and Leaman score &gt;5 (all P ≤ .002). PCAT density was greater among REPRIEVE participants versus Framingham Heart Study (−88.2 ± 0.5 HU versus −90.6 ± 0.4 HU; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Among PWH in REPRIEVE, a large primary cardiovascular disease prevention cohort, increased PCAT density independently associated with prevalence and severity of coronary plaque, linking increased coronary inflammation to CAD in PWH.
Safe and predictable transcatheter removal of broken coronary guidewires: the ‘knuckle-twister’ technique: a case series report
Authors: Leibundgut Gregor , Achim Alexandru , Krivoshei Lian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Guidewire fracture and loss is a rare but well-known and feared complication of percutaneous coronary interventions. With the increasing number of complex coronary interventions and procedures for chronic total occlusions, operators face new challenges and boundaries, and the need for solutions to otherwise rare complications is increasing.

Case summary
We have developed a simple and practical method for retrieving fractured and lost guidewires, called the ‘knuckle-twister’ technique. This article summarizes seven cases in which guidewires lost in the coronary vasculature have been successfully removed and describes this technique in detail. The goal was to gather different clinical scenarios: free wire lost in situ, wire jailed behind stent struts, wire in small branches, part of the wire protruding into the aorta, ‘invisible’ guidewire microfilaments/coils, etc.

Discussion
The innovation of the knuckle-twister consists in folding a polymer-jacketed guidewire and transforming it into an open lasso that tightens when twisted. In vitro, its grip strength and pulling force was tested and exceeded 1.5 kg. Moreover, in all in vivo cases, the lost material could be efficiently and quite rapidly retrieved with this simple and highly reproducible technique.

Key clinical message
Broken guidewires that were lost in the coronary vasculature can be safely retrieved with this novel and simple technique requiring no special safety equipment.
Venality in town: the civic participation of venal forestry officers in Villemur (1671–1776)
Authors: Salje Elisabeth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ancien régime venality of office has been axiomatically associated with inefficiency and corruption. In the case of mid-ranking provincial royal forestry officers, such behaviour was blamed on the limited promotion opportunities and poor financial rewards of their office. This article argues that active engagement with municipal politics was an additional, and more effective, compensation strategy for these office-holders because they could capitalize on the opportunities provided by the introduction of municipal venality in 1692. While financially unrewarding, civic participation enhanced their local status and prestige. It also contributed to the concentration of municipal power into few privileged hands, which over time severely undermined more participative forms of local governance. Ultimately, the failure of Colbert’s vision of forestry as an efficient public service was not due to the venal nature of the forestry office per se, but to office-holders sacrificing dedication to the king’s service for enhanced municipal prominence.
The thicker the endometrium, the better the neonatal outcomes?
Authors: Wu Jing , Huang Jianlei , Dong Jie , Xiao Xifeng , Li Mao , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is endometrial thickness (EMT) on the hCG trigger day related to the neonatal outcome of a single birth after fresh embryo transfer (ET)?

SUMMARY ANSWER
An EMT ≤7.8 mm was an independent predictor for greater odds of preterm delivery (PTD) of singletons born after fresh ET.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
There may be a positive association between live birth rates and EMT after fresh ET. It is still unknown whether a similar association is seen for the neonatal outcomes of singletons in fresh cycles.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This retrospective study involved singleton live births in women undergoing autologous IVF cycles during the period from 1 October 2016 to 31 July 2021.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
A total of 2010 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to detect the relationship between EMT and neonatal outcomes after controlling for potential confounders. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to evaluate the accurate cutoff value of EMT.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
The results of the multivariate regression analyses showed that the odds of PTD were reduced by 45% with an EMT of 9.00–9.90 mm (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.55, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.98; P = 0.0451), reduced by 58% with an EMT of 10.00–10.90 mm (adjusted OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.87; P = 0.0211) and reduced by 75% with an EMT &gt;11 mm (adjusted OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.66; P = 0.0034), compared to the group with an EMT of 6.00–8.90 mm. It could also be seen from the adjusted smooth curves that the odds of PTD decreased and gestational age (GA) increased with increasing EMT. Combined with the analysis of threshold effects, the results indicated that when the EMT was ≤7.6 mm, the incidence of PTD decreased as the EMT gradually increased (adjusted OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.99; P = 0.0107), and when the EMT was ≤7.8 mm, the GA increased (adjusted β: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.63; P &lt; 0.0001) as the EMT gradually increased.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The main limitation of our study is its retrospective design. Although we found a significant decrease in PTD as the EMT increased, in terms of GA, the magnitude of the differences was modest, which may limit the clinical relevance of the findings.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Our data provide new insight into the relationship between EMT and neonatal outcomes by indicating that a thin endometrium of ≤7.8 mm is associated with an increased odds of PTD of singletons after fresh ET.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 82071717). There are no conflicts of interest.
Adiposity and risk of oesophageal cancer subtypes in the Million Women Study
Authors: Sweetland Siân , Floud Sarah , Gaitskell Kezia , Reeves Gillian K ,   the Million Women Study Collaborators, Banks Emily , Beral Valerie , Carpenter Lucy , Dezateux (chair) Carol , Floud Sarah , Green Jane , Patnick Julietta , Peto Richard , Reeves Gillian , Sudlow Cathie , Abbott Simon , Alison Rupert , Atkinson Sarah , Baker Krys , Balkwill Angela , Barnes Isobel , Black Judith , Blanks Roger , Brown Anna , Chadwick Andrew , Ewart Dave , Floud Sarah , Gaitskell Kezia , Gathani Toral , Gerrard Laura , Goodill Adrian , Hermon Carol , Hogg Darren , Hudak Alison , Lingard Isobel , Kan Sau Wan , Langston Nicky , Pepier Keren , Pirie Kirstin , Reeves Gillian , Shaw Keith , Sherman Emma , Smith-Byrne Karl , Strange Helena , Sweetland Siân , Travis Ruth , Trickett Lyndsey , Wotton Clare , Yang Owen , Young Heather 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The strong association of body mass index (BMI) with increased oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk is established, but its relationship with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is less clear. There is little evidence regarding the association of abdominal adiposity with either subtype.

Methods
In a large prospective cohort of women in the UK, mean age 56.2 [standard deviation (SD) = 4.9] years, we investigated the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in relation to self-reported BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), using Cox regression to estimate adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), taking account of potential reverse causation bias.

Results
During mean follow-up of 17.7 (SD = 4.9) years, 1386 adenocarcinomas and 1799 squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus were registered among 1 255 529 women. Compared with women of BMI 22.5 to &lt;25 kg/m2, those with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 had a 2.5-fold risk of adenocarcinoma (adjusted RR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.99–3.05) and an almost 70% reduction in risk of squamous cell carcinoma (RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.22–0.46). These associations were broadly similar in each 5-year follow-up period, and were evident in both never and ever smokers, although somewhat stronger for squamous cell carcinoma among current and past smokers than in never smokers (Pheterogeneity = 0.007). After controlling for BMI, WC and WHR were associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma but not adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions
In this population of middle-aged women, there was robust evidence that greater BMI is associated with an increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and a reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma.
Burnout among public sector pharmacy staff two years into the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kho Boon Phiaw , Chua Wan Ching Wendy , Liu Wei Tiing Emily , Lim Siau Choon , Leong Hui Hui Lynn , Chai Yeehui Aleen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors contributing to burnout among public sector pharmacy staff in Sarawak, Malaysia, two years into the COVID-19 pandemic. Impact of burnout on their lives and their coping strategies were also examined.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was carried out among all pharmacy staff in public healthcare facilities throughout Sarawak. Burnout was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Multiple logistic regression analysed demographic and work characteristics associated with burnout. Open-ended replies on burnout causes, impact, coping strategies and employer’s role were coded and thematically analysed.

Key findings
A total of 329 responses were received. The prevalence of personal, work and patient-related burnout was 54.7, 47.1 and 35.3%, respectively. Respondents facing problems with child support were 8.26 and 3.62 times more likely to suffer from personal and work-related burnout. Working in areas with potential exposure to COVID-19 patients increased the odds of patient and work-related burnout by 2.80 and 1.86 times, respectively. Burnout symptoms affected their quality of life; nevertheless, self-reported coping strategies were mostly positive. Respondents emphasised the need for organisational interventions, including increased resource allocation, better workload distribution and promotion of work–life balance, to mitigate burnout.

Conclusions
A significant percentage of public sector pharmacy staff continue to experience burnout two years into the pandemic. Regular well-being assessments and supportive policies are recommended to help them cope with increased stress. Additional training for supervisors may be necessary to effectively manage staff and workload during a pandemic.