bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of rice husk ash filled natural rubber film: effect of cross-linking agents on mechanical and electrical properties
Authors:   , Sintharm Praewpakun 
Published: March 2023

Natural rubber (NR) is one of the most important polymers produced by plants and is widely utilized as raw material for many products due to its excellent flexibility. Rice husk ash (RHA) is one of the major agricultural residues generated from the rice milling plant. In order to add value to NR and RHA, this study aims to use different types of RHA (black rice husk ash (BRHA), white rice husk ash (WRHA) and BRHA treated by acid washing (BRHAT)) as filler in NR composites. By the addition of alginate as a thickening and dispersing agent, a maximum of 100 per hundred rubbers (phr) of RHA could be integrated in NR matrix without phase separation. In addition, this study investigated the effects of crosslinking NR composite by CaCl2 compared to the common crosslinking process by sulfur vulcanization on mechanical and electrical properties of NR composites. Mechanical properties of the composite films with RHAs in terms of tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break were considerably enhanced, compared to the neat NR film. The composite films reinforced with WRHA demonstrated relatively better mechanical properties than those reinforced with BRHA and BRHAT, respectively. The crosslinking by CaCl2 was achieved on NR–WRHA, in which tensile strength and chemical resistance of the composite films were improved close to properties of sulfur vulcanized NR films. The NR composites were biodegradable in soil, with weight loss of 7.6–18.3% of the initial dry weight after 3 months. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss factors and electrical conductivity of the composites were enhanced with RHAs loading. However, dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and electrical conductivity of NR composites with RHAs had dropped significantly after crosslinking the composites by CaCl2 or by sulfur vulcanization. Moreover, bacterial cellulose (BC) reinforced with skim/fresh natural rubber latex (SNRL/FNRL) were future developed by combining the prominent mechanical properties of multilayer BC nanofibrous structural networks and the high elasticity of NR. As compared to FNRL, SNRL could easily diffuse through the pores of a BC network. Many good benefits were obtained for the reinforcement with SNRL, including good mechanical properties, chemical resistance and noticeably improved dielectric properties. The SNRL-BC films are biodegradable and could be mostly or totally decomposed in soil within 6 weeks. The composite films developed in this study display potential for further application as semiconducting polymer films and flexible electronic devices for electronic applications.
Deoxygenation of palm fatty acid distillate to green diesel over molybdenum nitride and carbide-based catalysts in a trickle-bed reactor
Authors:   , Leangsiri Wanwipa 
Published: March 2023

In this present work, the deoxygenation of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to green diesel over γ-Al2O3 supported bimetallic CoMo and NiMo carbide and nitride catalysts was conducted in a trickle bed reactor. The catalysts were prepared by a single-step decomposition method of mixture containing hexamethylenetetramine and corresponding metal salts in presence of hydrogen and nitrogen for carbide and nitride forms, respectively at 700 oC. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, N2-sorption, SEM/EDX and TGA techniques. The catalyst performance was evaluated at a temperature of 330 °C, hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa, LHSV of 1 h−1, and H2/feed ratio of 1000 N(cm3·cm-3). It was found that the carbide catalysts exhibited the superior performance that those of nitride catalysts. The bimetallic CoMoC showed higher diesel yield than monometallic Mo carbide and bimetallic NiMoC catalysts. Thus, the CoMoC and NiMoC catalysts were selected for further investigations. The catalysts prepared by a single-step decomposition method exhibited higher catalytic activity than that of catalysts prepared by temperature-programmed reduction method due to higher catalyst surface area. In order to optimize the operating conditions, the operating temperatures were varied from 300 to 390 °C under 3-5 MPa of hydrogen pressure. The operating temperature of 330 °C and 5 MPa of hydrogen pressure was found to be a suitable condition for CoMoC and NiMoC catalysts. In the stability test, the CoMoC catalyst exhibited complete PFAD conversion with diesel yield 82.0% for 72 h. time on stream. However, the catalytic activity of CoMoC catalyst gradually decreased after 72 h. and PFAD conversion of 81% with diesel yield of 68.5% were obtained after 102 h. time on stream.
Moderating effects of gender on financial literacy and loan repayment behaviour of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Alfa Henson , Aliyu Mukhtar Shehu , Maiyaki Ahmed Audu , Barwa Talatu Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to examine the moderating effect of financial literacy and loan repayment behavior of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kano State Nigeria. Previous studies suggested that many SME owners lack the financial literacy skills needed to run their business effectively and make accurate financial decisions and yet financial literacy skills help individuals to navigate the financial world and make informed decisions about their money and minimized the chances of being misled on the matters. Borrowers and business characteristics were used as indicators of loan repayment behavior. Financial literacy which is the independent variable for the study was analyzed in terms of book-keeping literacy, budgeting literacy and debt management literacy. Beneficiaries of financial literacy programme of three microfinance banks namely; Bichi MFB, Dawakin-Tofa MFB and Ungogo MFB were used. The population of the study is 900 beneficiaries that participated in financial literacy programmes but the sample size is chosen to be 90using Kothra technique of determining sample size. Convenient sampling technique was used to access the subjects in administering questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). In line with the expectation, the study established that gender has a positive moderating effect with book-keeping literacy while gender has negative moderating effect on budgeting literacy and debt management literacy in Kano State. On the basis of the findings, it can be concluded that financial literacy awareness need to be intensified to enable SME owners key into it to achieve their business objectives. Thus, it recommended that SME owners should consider enrolling in financial literacy programmes and other related programmes in and outside MFBs so as to enjoy the benefits of financial literacy.
The prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sholeh Mohammad , Khoshnood Saeed , Azimi Taher , Mohamadi Jasem , Kaviar Vahab Hassan , Hashemian Marzieh , Karamollahi Somayeh , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Heidarizadeh Hedayat , Heidary Mohsen , Saki Morteza 
Published: March 2023

Background
Knowledge of global clarithromycin (CLA)-resistant rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is crucial for decision of the most appropriate eradication therapies with good clinical outcomes. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of the CLA resistance in H. pylori to provide some guidance for selecting the first-line antibiotics.

Method
A comprehensive search was performed for relevant literature until April 2021 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate the weighted pooled prevalence of resistance.

Results
The meta-analysis included 248 articles. The prevalence of CLA-resistant H. pylori was 27.53% (95% CI [25.41–29.69]). The heterogeneity between reports was significant (I2 = 97.80%, P < 0.01). The resistance rate increased from 24.28% in 2010–2017 to 32.14% in 2018–2021 (P < 0.01). Iran, with 38 articles, has the most report. Nevertheless, Switzerland, Portugal, and Israel had the highest resistance rates (67.16%, 48.11%, and 46.12%, respectively). The heterogeneity between the continents and the antimicrobial susceptibility methods also interpreted standard guidelines and breakpoints was insignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Overall CLA resistance rate was 27.53%, worldwide. The difference in CLA resistance rate among the included studies can be due to several reasons such as differences in antibiotic prescription rates in various geographic areas, use of different breakpoints or inaccurate criteria in performed studies, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
The arterial anatomy of the posterior duodenum ‐ A computed tomography angiography analysis with implications for abdominal surgery
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Gliwa Jakub , Clarke Kelsey , Datta Tanisha , Iskra Tomasz , Pasternak Artur , Wojciechowski Wadim , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe main objective of the present study was to clarify the anatomical characteristics of the GDA. In order to fulfill this objective, novel classification systems of both the origin and branching pattern of the said vessel were created. Being aware of the variable anatomy of the GDA is of great importance when performing hepatopancreaticobilliary procedures. The results of 75 consecutive patients who underwent abdomen computed tomography angiography (CTA) were analyzed. A total of 74 GDA were analyzed. Of these, 42 were from women (56.8%) and 32 were from men (43.2%). The most common direction of origin of the GDA was inferior (n = 38; 51.4%). The origin variation of each GDA was deeply analyzed. Initially, eight types of origin variations were evaluated, of which types 1–3 constituted 83.8%. Furthermore, analogously, branching pattern types were also established. Initially, 11 branching variations were evaluated, of which types 1–3 constituted 87.8%. The GDA is subject to numerous variations, both in the origin and in the branching pattern of the vessel. In order to clarify the anatomical characteristics of this vessel, novel classifications of the origin and branching patterns were made, presenting the most frequent patterns. Our results may be of great use for surgeons performing hepatopancreaticobilliary surgeries, such as the Whipple procedure or vascular reconstructions after cholangiocarcinoma resections. Being aware of the anatomical variations of relevant structures associated with a surgical procedure may help reduce potential intraoperative and/or postoperative complications.
Locally Resolved Simulation of Gas Mixing and Combustion Inside Static and Moving Particle Assemblies
Authors: Illana Mahiques Enric , Brömmer Maximilian , Wirtz Siegmar , Scherer Viktor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResolving the flow field within the voids between particles of reacting granular assemblies is essential to obtain correct conversion rates. Due to the associated computational cost, a high spatial resolution cannot be employed on the device‐scale. A combination of a locally resolving and an averaging method is suggested. Namely, the so‐called blocked‐off method is used to resolve the voids between particles within prescribed regions, while the volume‐averaged method is applied in the remaining domain. For a nitrogen jet injected into a regular simple cubic packing of spherical particles passed by a cross‐flow of air, the jet dispersion is too low when applying the volume‐averaged method for the whole computational domain. The same is also observed in a reacting methane jet flowing into a bed of arbitrarily packed particles with air cross‐flow, where the locally resolved approach predicts significantly larger local reaction rates.
Preventive interventions for children and adolescents of parents with mental illness: A systematic review
Authors: Puchol‐Martínez Itzal , Vallina Férnandez Óscar , Santed‐Germán Miguel A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren of parents with mental disorders have a relatively high risk of developing a mental illness or behavioural disorder.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of preventive psychotherapeutic interventions in children of parents with mental illness. In particular, the development of mental illness and/or psychological symptomatology in this population was assessed.MethodThis qualitative systematic review looked at interventions targeting children aged 4–18 years without a diagnosed mental disorder, alone or with their families, with a parent with a diagnosed mental disorder. The protocol was pre‐registered in Open Science Framework. A total of 1255 references were retrieved from MEDLINE, PsychArticles, PsycINFO, Springer Link, Science Direct, Scopus and WOS databases, and 12 references from grey literature. This search was replicated by an external reviewer.ResultsFifteen studies involving 1941 children and 1328 parents were included. Interventions were based on cognitive‐behavioural and/or psychoeducational components, including six randomized controlled trials. Internalizing symptomatology was assessed in 80% of the studies, externalizing and prosocial behaviour in 47%, and coping style in 33%. Only two studies measured the future risk of developing a mental disorder (ORs of 2.37 and 6.6). There was variability in the format of the intervention (group; family) as well as in the type of intervention and its duration (from one session to 12 sessions).ConclusionsInterventions for children of parents with mental disorder were clinically and statistically significant, especially in preventing internalizing symptomatology at one‐year follow‐up, with effect sizes ranging from d = −0.28 to 0.57 (95% CI).
Delamination of rotator cuff tears: Real‐time dynamic ultrasound findings
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Teng Qiang , Fang Guiting , Fang Haiyan , Zhao Luyv , Zheng Xiaofei , Zhong Xing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of diagnosing delaminated tears and ultrasonic characteristics on real‐time dynamic ultrasound.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 143 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between April 2020 and January 2021. All patients were examined using real‐time dynamic ultrasound of the shoulder within 2 weeks before arthroscopy. In our study, delaminated tears were defined as intratendinous horizontal splitting with or without the retraction of the articular or bursal layer of tendon. Delaminated tears were classified into three types on the basis of their shape: greater retraction of the articular layer (type I), greater retraction of the bursal layer (type II), and equal retraction of both layers (type III). The sensitivity and specificity of real‐time dynamic ultrasound for evaluation of delaminated tears were calculated using arthroscopy findings as the gold standard. Ultrasonic imaging appearances of delaminated rotator cuff tears were further described.ResultsOf the 143 patients, 47 (32.9%) had delaminated tears as confirmed by arthroscopy; 35 of these tears involved the supraspinatus tendon and 12 involved both supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. Real‐time dynamic ultrasound correctly diagnosed 36 of 47 delaminated tears with sensitivity 72.0% (57.2%–83.3%) and specificity 96.7% (90.2%–99.2%). Moreover, type I tear (n = 32) was more common than type II (n = 11) and type III tears (n = 4). Real‐time dynamic ultrasound evaluated shape of type I, type II, and type III with a sensitivity and specificity of 56% and 80%, 72% and 83%, and 100% and 98%, respectively. Anechoic horizontal linear splitting of tendon, unequal retraction of the bursal and articular layers, and thinning of the suffering tendon were the three signs observed during real‐time dynamic ultrasound examination. These three signs were indicative of a diagnosis of delaminated rotator cuff tears with high specificities (100.0%, 100.0%, and 97.9%, respectively) but relatively low sensitivities (25.5%, 25.5%, and 36.2%, respectively).ConclusionReal‐time dynamic ultrasound can be practically used for diagnosing delamination of rotator cuff tears with medium sensitivity and high specificity. Anechoic horizontal linear splitting of tendon, unequal retraction of the bursal and articular layers, and thinning of the involved tendon are the three important ultrasonic signs for diagnosis of delaminated rotator cuff tears.
Effects of semidry milling on the properties of highland barley flour and the quality of highland barley bread
Authors: He Yue , Wang Aixia , Qin Wanyu , Chen Zhiying , Xi Huihan , Nie Mengzi , Liu Liya , Wang Lili , Sun Jing , Bai Yajuan , Huang Yatao , Sun Peipei , Wang Fengzhong , Tong Li‐Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to investigate the effects of semidry milling on the quality attributes of highland barley flour and highland barley bread. Highland barley flours were prepared by dry (DBF), semidry (SBF), and wet (WBF) milling methods. The properties of different highland barley flours were analyzed, and highland barley breads made from different highland barley flours were evaluated.RESULTSThe results showed that WBF had the lowest damaged starch content (15.2 g kg−1), and the contents of damaged starch in SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 (43.5 g kg−1 and 24.1 g kg−1 respectively) were lower than that of DBF (87.6 g kg−1). And SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 with large particles exhibited low hydration performance. In addition, SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 had higher pasting viscosity, pasting temperature, ΔH, and relative crystallinity, consequently resulting in better gel properties than other highland barley flours. These properties could help SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 develop high‐quality bread with large specific volume and superior crumb structure and texture that is similar to the bread with WBF.CONCLUSIONOverall, semidry milling not only could improve the characteristics of HBF, but also avoid high starch damage by dry milling and water wasting by wet milling. What is more, highland barley breads with SBF‐35 and SBF‐40 had preferable appearance and crumb texture. Therefore, semidry milling could be regarded as a feasible way to produce highland barley flour. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combinatorial approach to fabricate silica doped polyvinyl alcohol/hydroxyapatite/carrageenan nanocomposite for bone regeneration applications
Authors: Fatima Tooba , Jolly Reshma , Mushahid Fariha , Khan Nazoora , Umar Mohd Saad , Owais Mohammad , Shakir Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBone tissue engineering is a dominating approach for the fabrication of nanocomposite bone implants with superior biocompatibility and low toxicity to the surrounding tissues. Here, in this report ternary nanocomposites integrating nanohydroxyapatite/κ‐carrageenan/silica doped polyvinyl alcohol in three different ratios, that is, 60/30/10 (HCP1), 60/20/20 (HCP2), and 60/10/30 (HCP3) was constructed and a binary system comprised of nanohydroxyapatite and κ‐carrageenan was also prepared for analyzing and comparing their bone regeneration potential. The samples were characterized by various physico‐chemical techniques such as infra‐red spectroscopy, which furnished details about structural functionalities and complex formation. Rough surface morphology and dispersed particle size distribution of developed nanocomposites were revealed by scanning electron microscopy and electron transmission microscopy, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential temperature analysis revealed higher thermal stability of HCP3 nanocomposite with total weight loss of 10% and X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed average crystallite size of 15 nm for HCP3 nanocomposite. Bioactivity and biocompatibility of fabricated nanocomposites were deduced with the help of biological techniques. HCP3 manifested cell viability above 100% at 2 μg/mL concentration and exhibited hemolysis below 3% at all tested concentration favoring cell growth with minimum cytotoxicity. HCP3 also exhibited efficient apatite layer deposition, optimum swelling ability and improved biodegradability (~30%) and anti‐bacterial activity predicting it as a promising nanocomposite implant for future orthopedic applications.
Residential segregation by nationalities: A global and multilevel approach to Barcelona and Madrid (2008–2018)
Authors: Martori Joan Carles , Madariaga Rafa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes patterns of residential segregation for many nationalities in Barcelona and Madrid during the 2008–2018 period. In the first year, the financial bubble burst, halting the exponential growth of immigrants and in the second, after the great recession, the arrival of immigrant population resumes. The multilevel analysis for the dissimilarity index is applied for the first time to Spanish cities. Complementing the results of global indices with the multilevel framework provides a richer and more detailed profile of segregation patterns. Based on these results, a typology of segregation patterns by nationalities was carried out. Global indices show higher segregation in Madrid than in Barcelona, and multilevel results evidence increasing and extending areas of high concentration of immigrants and mixing neighbourhoods. The cluster analysis demonstrates that, in this case, segregation patterns are not the same for continents or income levels of countries of origin. The results provide nuanced empirical evidence of place stratification and ethnic enclave models.
Continuum limit of 2D fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Choi Brian , Aceves Alejandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe prove that the solutions to the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-local algebraically decaying coupling converge strongly in$$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^2)$$L2(R2)to those of the continuum fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, as the discretization parameter tends to zero. The proof relies on sharp dispersive estimates that yield the Strichartz estimates that are uniform in the discretization parameter. An explicit computation of the leading term of the oscillatory integral asymptotics is used to show that the best constants of a family of dispersive estimates blow up as the non-locality parameter$$\alpha \in (1,2)$$α∈(1,2)approaches the boundaries.
Assessment of dentin mineral density of human teeth using micro-computed tomography in two kilovoltage levels
Authors: Al Hezaimi Khalid , Berdan Yaara , Rotstein Ilan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA significant advancement in micro-computed tomography (μCT) translational application in endodontics has occurred. The purpose of the study was to assess the applications of a new method to measure dentin mineral density (DMD) and to compare between 2 levels of energy sources. Two sets of standardized porous solid hydroxyapatite (HA) phantoms, with mineral densities of 0.25 g/cm3 and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively were embedded in aluminum foil. The μCT homogeneity and noise in the HA phantoms were analyzed using 50 kV and 100 kV energy sources. DMD of 66 extracted human teeth was measured at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), mid-root, and apical levels. Assessment included linearity between the energy source and the DMD measurement. The quality of the images obtained from the 2 energy sources was compared and analyzed statistically. HA phantom rods and validation methods showed that 100 kV provided a more accurate measurement of the DMD in all groups tested. The 100 kV 3D reconstructed µCT images displayed a more defined details of the dentin structure. A statistically significant difference was found between 100 and 50 kV (p < 0.05) in all measured areas except for the mid-root. Using micro-computed tomography is a practical and non-destructive method to measure dentin density. 100 kV energy source provides clearer and more consistent images.