bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Institución Psiquiátrica en Chile desde la perspectiva del personal de salud no profesional: una mirada exploratoria de fines del s. XX
Authors: Arancibia Martini Héctor , Aliste María de los Ángeles 
Published: September 2023

La Institución Psiquiátrica es el lugar preferente para la atención de personas con alguna patología de salud mental de alta complejidad. Al interior de ella se pueden identificar dos estamentos: el de los pacientes y el del personal de salud. Este último puede diferenciarse entre los profesionales –liderados por los médicos– y el personal de salud no profesional (auxiliares paramédicos y auxiliares de servicio o aseo), el cual se caracteriza por pasar la mayor cantidad de tiempo en contacto directo con el paciente, resultando de interés explorar las dinámicas institucionales desde la perspectiva de este estamento. Para ello se consideró una metodología cualitativa donde se entrevistaron a 13 funcionarios pertenecientes a los sectores agudos de dos hospitales psiquiátricos de la Región Metropolitana, Chile. Los resultados den cuenta de una alta jerarquización de las relaciones dentro de la institución, con roles altamente definidos, donde el personal de salud no profesional se le mandata a cumplir con el rol custodial (vigilar, normar y controlar al paciente), estando permanentemente expuesto a agresiones de parte de los funcionarios y a sanciones administrativas de parte del estamento profesional. Dado que el material de las entrevistas data de fines de 1999, los resultados permiten nutrir las reflexiones actuales sobre las dinámicas propias de esta institución y el sentido de ella en el presente.
Primary law as a legal category
Authors: Legenkyi M. 
Published: September 2023

The justified relevance of the further development of the legislative system by deepening its structure, clarity, logical arrangement and systematization. The analysis and generalization of scientific and legislative interpretations of the content of the concepts «legislation» and «legislative system» was carried out. The problems of determining the structure and content of the legislative system are pointed out, which, first of all, consist in differences of opinion regarding the need to include sub-legal normative legal acts in such a system.With reference to the decision of the Constitutional Court, it is emphasized that the option of an extended system is more optimal.By working out the structural organizations proposed by legal science, the legal system is defined as the most common hierarchical (vertical) and branch (horizontal).It is proposed to define a basic hierarchical system in the differentiation of legislation, which allows to fully cover the entire system of legislation and provide a holistic view of it. It is indicated that sectoral differentiation should be formed on the basis of a hierarchical one and serve to ensure in-depth specialization of a specialist in a certain field of law.
The main elements of the legislative system are analyzed. The effectiveness of codification as a law- making system is substantiated and the need for its further deployment is emphasized. The problem of the legislation is identified, which consists in the presence in the hierarchical classification of a significant number of laws that make changes and additions to the existing normative legal acts in the legal field. It is proposed to further organize the legislative system by distinguishing in it a separate category of primary laws, under which it is proposed to understand the basic, primary acts of the body of legislative power, which regulate basic social relations, have a higher legal force and a normative character, and to which, if necessary, changes can be made. Actual quantitative indicators of categories of legislation functioning in the complex of the legislative system are given.
Ecocide in National and International Criminal Law: current challenges and prospects for legal regulation
Authors: Veresha R. , Kuchinska O. , Kovtun O. 
Published: September 2023

The article examines the current challenges and prospects of legal regulation of ecocide in national and international criminal law. The author analyzes the problems of prosecution for ecocide in national criminal law and the prospects for such liability in international criminal law. The authors emphasize that the armed aggression of the terrorist state of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has had a devastating impact on the environment, which will take decades to restore. Russian attacks on Ukrainian oil depots, strikes on the territory of the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology with its nuclear facility, the death of several million chickens at the Chornobaiv poultry farm, and the mass death of dolphins in the Black Sea are qualified as ecocide. The destruction of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant dam is qualified as ecocide and a violation of the laws and customs of war. The evolution, concept, and composition of ecocide are analyzed.
Having found its legislative consolidation in the national criminal law (Article 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), ecocide has not been enshrined in international criminal law. It is not recognized as a crime either in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court or in any other international legal act. As of today, Russian crimes against the environment can be investigated by the International Criminal Court as war crimes. The authors of the article emphasize the need to include the crime of ecocide in the Rome Statute, since serious damage to the environment during armed conflicts is still to some extent covered by the provisions of the Rome Statute, but such damage caused in peacetime falls outside the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
The authors of the article note that it is important not only to punish the racists for all crimes of ecocide committed in Ukraine since 2014, but also to force the aggressor state to compensate for all environmental damage caused. When creating a compensation mechanism, we must take into account the international practice of compensation for environmental damage caused by military actions, in particular the practice of the International Court of Justice and the historical experience of creating special compensation bodies (in particular, the experience of the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), 1991-2022). The future compensation mechanism should be based on the «ecosystem services approach», which will significantly increase the amount of reparations to be paid by the Russian Federation to Ukraine. To ensure legal regulation of the concept of ecosystem services, it is necessary to develop and adopt the Law of Ukraine «On Ecosystem Services» and regulations aimed at its implementation (primarily, methods of inventory and assessment of ecosystem services).
The essence of the institute for the protection of cultural values in the aspect of armed conflicts
Authors: Kotlyar O. 
Published: September 2023

This article examines and analyzes the issue of the essence of the institution of protection of cultural values in international law in the aspect of armed conflicts. It is said that the situation with cultural heritage in the 21st century is extremely difficult due to the spread of armed conflicts and wars, which forces scientists from all over the world, as well as Ukrainian researchers, to regularly study this problem and find out new and relevant aspects based on the latest events in the country .
It is emphasized that the full-scale invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine, which took place on February 24, 2022, can also be considered a war against culture, since the occupiers pay special attention to the cultural heritage of Ukraine. It is noted that one of the most important international treaties regulating the protection of cultural values in the event of an armed conflict is the Hague Convention of 1954.
In conclusion, it is stated that the protection of cultural heritage during armed conflicts is becoming more and more relevant and important in our time, and this is confirmed by recent events. This mission is contemporary and supported by moral, strategic and legal imperatives. Modern theory and practice agree that the international community has a fundamental interest in the protection of cultural heritage, which must be guaranteed by all means, even in times of war.
For this, it is important to use the most significant doctrines of international law and universalize the norms of customary law, which prohibit attacks and destruction of cultural values, and include them in the body of the main international legal documents. These norms establish erga omnes obligations, which equalize all members of the international community in their rights and responsibilities.
Financial literacy for farmers – the case of vineyard farmers in Kosovo
Authors: Hoxha Aurora , Mulliri Jona , Shahu Edmira , Imami Drini , Zhllima Edvin , Gjokaj Ekrem 
Published: September 2023

Summary
One of the key factors influencing agricultural development and farm performance is access to finance. There are several factors that influence access to finance, including financial management capacity, which is linked to financial literacy. The paper analyzes the factors which determine farmers’ financial management behavior, in the case of Kosovo, based on a structured farm survey focusing on the vineyard sector. The findings suggest that half of the interviewed farmers did not keep records regarding costs and incomes. The likelihood to keep financial records is linked to several household and farm attributes. Market-oriented farmers who had contracts were more likely to keep financial records than those who did not. Policymakers through public advisory services as well as financial institutions should address the need to improve financial literacy among farmers.
Sowing Management and Plant Population in Organic Quinoa Production for Food and Nutrition Security
Authors: Da Rosa Juliana Aozane , Da Silva José Antonio Gonzalez , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Magano Deivid Araújo , Peter Cibele Luisa , Babeski Cristhian Milbradt , Diel Pedro , Heusner Lisa Brönstrup 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the population density of quinoa plants sown by broadcasting or in rows to improve agronomic indicators of an organic farming system focused on increasing food and nutrition security of the population.

Method/design/approach: The study was conducted in 2020, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, using a randomized block experimental design with four replications, in a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisted of 2 sowing methods (sowing in rows spaced 0.20 m apart and by hand broadcasting) and 4 plant population densities (10, 40, 80, and 120 plants m-2). Thinning was performed in the plots of both sowing methods approximately 20 days after emergence for achieving the desired plant densities. Grain yield and other traits of agronomic interest were evaluated under an organic cropping system.

Results and conclusion: The arrangement of 70 quinoa plants m-2 through sowing in rows or by broadcasting ensures satisfactory crop yields without using pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. The incorporation of these more sustainable practices into quinoa production systems contributes to the promotion of agroecological and organic agriculture, resulting in a high-quality nutraceutical food.

Originality/value: This study provides significant contribution to the advancement of research on quinoa in Brazil, bringing new information benefiting farmers, technical assistance agents, and the food industry and improving the production system efficiency to ensure food and nutrition security and care for the environment and society.
DENSIDADES AMOSTRAIS DE SOLO COMBINADAS COM PONTOS ADICIONAIS NA VARIABILIDADE DE ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO
Authors: Comparin Pedro José de Souza , Cortez Jorge Wilson 
Published: September 2023

A variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos do solo, como teores de K (potássio) e P (fósforo) são utilizadas a técnica de amostragem georreferenciada de solo guiada por produtos do sensoriamento remoto, como o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) que possui relação dependência com a produtividade das culturas do milho. Para permitir conhecer a distribuição espacial desses elementos respeitando as bases da AP.Avaliar malhas amostrais regulares e a alocação de pontos adicionais de coleta baseados nas regiões de transições dos mapas de NDVI da cultura anterior na determinação da variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos como o fósforo e o potássio.O experimento foi realizado no talhão de 224 ha de uma fazenda comercial localizada no município de Maracaju – MS, Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico (Lvdf). Os arranjos amostrais foram gerados por uma grade regular de uma amostra por hectare (1:1), com adição de até 50% de pontos adicionais alocados pelo mapa de NDVI, compondo assim 336 pontos amostrais e as demais grades pela retirada de 10% dos pontos adicionais até 0% e assim como para a grade (1:4). Foram avaliados os teores de P e K, estatística descritiva, geoestatística, krigagem ordinária, avaliação dos mapas pelos coeficientes de desvio relativo (CRD) e Kappa.Para o P, não houve melhorias estatísticas na grade 1:4 com acréscimo de pontos adicionais e na grade 1:1 com 30% da pontos adicionais se atinge resultado satisfatório. Para o K, como apresentou valores elevados em toda área, porém foi possível obter uma grade ideal 1:1 + 40%.Não foi possível obter uma malha amostral menos adensada com alocação de pontos baseada no NDVI da cultura do milho para as grades 1:4. Realizar futuras pesquisas com o uso de outros índices de vegetação, classes de solo bem como outros métodos de interpolação.
Authors: Hafidah Rahmatul , Amna Zaujatul , Dahlia Dahlia , Faradina Syarifah 
Published: September 2023

Kecemasan kematian adalah keadaan emosional yang tidak menyenangkan yang dialami seseorang saat memikirkan tentang kematian. Kecemasan dapat berpengaruh buruk pada kesehatan mental, terutama pada usia dewasa madya. Tahapan usia ini lebih sering mengalami kecemasan kematian. Salah satu cara efektif yang dapat dilakukan dalam menghadapi kecemasan kematian adalah dengan memiliki mindfulness. Konsep mindfulness dapat membantu dewasa madya untuk tetap fokus mengerjakan dan memaknai setiap kegiatan ataupun keadaan yang dijalaninya tanpa memikirkan sesuatu yang abstrak seperti kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara mindfulness dengan kecemasan akan kematian pada dewasa madya. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 275 individu dewasa yang dipilih dengan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data penelitian dengan menggunakan Mindful Atttention Awareness Scale (MAAS) dan Death Anxiety Scale-Extended (DAS-Extended). Hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan Spearman-Brown Formula menunjukkan hubungan negatif antara mindfulness dengan kecemasan akan kematian pada dewasa madya. Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi keadaan mindfulness yang dimiliki individu dewasa madya, maka semakin rendah kecemasan akan kematiannya, begitupun sebaliknya. Oleh karena itu, mindfulness berkaitan dengan penurunan kecemasan akan kematian pada dewasa madya.
Kata kunci: Mindfulness, Kecemasan Kematian, Dewasa Madya
Primary central nervous system lymphoma in elderly: An illustrative case of the new role of surgery and integrative medical management
Authors: Fiedler Augusto Müller , Filho Paulo Moacir Mesquita , Morassutti Alessandra Loureiro , Rottenfusser Robson , Varela Daniel Lima 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoproliferative neoplasm. Surgery is traditionally limited to biopsy due to past studies, but recent strong evidence continues to challenge this status quo in selected patients. Here, the authors characterize a case to illustrate the potential role of surgery and foster research on integrative medical management approaches for this disease.

Case Description:
A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with aphasia and confusion. Neuroimaging suggested a lymphoproliferative process. The patient underwent cytoreductive surgery to resect the lesion. Microscopically, large infiltrating lymphoid cells that induced brain tissue damage were observed, and a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was made based on immunohistochemistry. The patient evolved clinically post surgery. A complete response to further chemotherapy maintained the patient’s clinical recovery.

Conclusion:
This rare case highlights the potential of surgical intervention in the management of selected patients with PCNSL. The authors also underscore the recent, meta-analytic evidence on surgery followed by combined chemotherapy for the management of specific cases. The reported recovery in an elderly patient is noteworthy and adds to the literature on this rare subtype of brain tumors. Future research should consider investigating a potential profile of candidates for resection and combined chemotherapy in PCNSL.
“Critical pedicle wall” breaches analysis in complex spinal deformity using O-arm navigation
Authors: Kothari Ajay Ramesh , Katkade Siddharth Manik , Bhilare Pramod Dashrath , Aiyer Siddharth , Situt Nishad Vipul , Hadgaonkar Shailesh Ramakant , Shyam Ashok , Sancheti Parag Kantilal 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Free-hand and fluoroscopic-guided pedicle screw placement has been associated with higher rates of pedicle breaches (frequency range 15–40% especially in deformed pedicles). Neurological complications are more “critical” (i.e., frequent and significant) with medial and inferior pedicle-wall breaches due to the proximity of the neural elements. Here, we analyzed the effectiveness of O-arm navigation in minimizing “critical” pedicle wall breaches and their complications in 21 complex spinal deformity cases.

Methods:
Twenty-one complex spinal deformity cases were prospectively managed with O-arm-navigated posterior-instrumented fusions. Preoperative assessment included; evaluation of the type of scoliosis, the magnitude of the deformity, and the anatomy of the pedicles – (i.e., classified using Watanabe et al.). The O-arm was used to confirm and grade both the intraoperative and postoperative location of screws. Other variables analyzed included; duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, complications, and radiation exposure.

Results:
In 21 patients, 259 (63.45%) of 384 pedicles were instrumented; we observed 22 of 259 pedicle screw breaches. Significant (>2 mm) breaches were observed in two medial and one inferior wall cases that required revision; the overall biomechanically significant screw breach rate was (3/259) 1.2% with an accuracy rate of 98.8%. Pedicle screw placement resulted in another 14 nonsignificant (<2 mm) breaches; ten were medial and four involved the inferior wall. As anterior, lateral, and “in-out-in” trajectory pedicle screws beaches were nonsignificant, they were not included in our analysis.

Conclusion:
O-arm navigation decreased the incidence of medial and inferior (i.e., >2 mm “critical”) pedicle screw breaches applied in 21 patients with deformed pedicles due to scoliosis. Further, the O-arm minimized the operating time, decreased the estimated blood loss, and reduced the incidence of complications.
Formation of professional skills of speaking a foreign language among students of economic specialties
Authors: Усманов Т.И. , Амирханов Н.У. 
Published: September 2023

В статье рассмотрена необходимость разработки системы упражнений для обучения навыкам говорения студентов экономических специальностей, основные принципы и критерии их укладки. Данная статья исследует процесс формирования профессиональных навыков говорения на иностранном языке у студентов экономических специальностей. В ней рассматриваются различные методы и подходы к обучению устной речи, особенности преподавания иностранного языка с учетом специфики экономического образования. Авторы обращают внимание на значимость практической коммуникации, использование аутентичных материалов и ситуаций, а также активное вовлечение студентов в диалогическое общение. Результаты исследования позволяют определить оптимальные подходы к развитию навыков говорения, способствующие формированию коммуникативной компетенции у студентов экономических специальностей. Эта статья может быть полезна преподавателям, исследователям и специалистам в области образования и языковой подготовки студентов экономических специальностей.
The article considers the need to develop a system of exercises for teaching speaking skills to students of economic specialties, the basic principles and criteria for their installation. This article explores the process of formation of professional skills of speaking a foreign language among students of economic specialties. It examines various methods and approaches to teaching oral speech, the peculiarities of teaching a foreign language, taking into account the specifics of economic education. The authors draw attention to the importance of practical communication, the use of authentic materials and situations, as well as the active involvement of students in dialogical communication. The results of the study allow us to determine the optimal approaches to the development of speaking skills that contribute to the formation of communicative competence among students of economic specialties. This article may be useful for teachers, researchers and specialists in the field of education and language training of students of economic specialties.
Features of the formation of tolerant relationships among students in the process of multicultural education when teaching a foreign language
Authors: Абдукадырова Т.Т. , Гациева Т.И. 
Published: September 2023

В статье рассмотрены особенности формирования толерантных взаимоотношений студентов в процессе поликультурного воспитания при изучении иностранного языка в высших учебных заведениях. Основой формирования межкультурной толерантности студентов является многоязычие. В связи с этим понимание роли иностранных языков в воспитании толерантной личности ставит перед нами вопрос повышения уровня языковой подготовки. Данная статья исследует особенности формирования толерантных взаимоотношений среди студенческой молодежи в процессе поликультурного воспитания при обучении иностранному языку. Авторы рассматривают роль поликультурного подхода в образовании, анализируют важность формирования толерантности и межкультурного взаимопонимания среди студентов. Статья основана на исследованиях, которые позволяют выявить основные факторы, способствующие развитию толерантности, и предлагает методы и приемы, которые помогают студентам преодолевать культурные различия, повышать уровень взаимопонимания и развивать толерантные отношения в многонациональной студенческой среде. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для педагогов, работающих в области поликультурного образования и обучения иностранному языку.
The article discusses the features of the formation of tolerant relationships of students in the process of multicultural education when learning a foreign language in higher educational institutions. The basis for the formation of intercultural tolerance of students is multilingualism. In this regard, understanding the role of foreign languages in the education of a tolerant personality raises the question of improving the level of language training. This article explores the features of the formation of tolerant relationships among students in the process of multicultural education when teaching a foreign language. The authors consider the role of the multicultural approach in education, analyze the importance of the formation of tolerance and intercultural understanding among students. The article is based on research that allows us to identify the main factors contributing to the development of tolerance, and offers methods and techniques that help students overcome cultural differences, increase mutual understanding and develop tolerant relationships in a multinational student environment. The results of the study can be useful for teachers working in the field of multicultural education and foreign language teaching.