bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assignment of product ions produced from ciguatoxin‐3C provides a deep insight into the fragmentation mechanism of polycyclic ether compounds
Authors: Ukai Ryogo , Uchida Hideaki , Sugaya Kouichi , Onose Jun‐ichi , Yasumoto Takeshi , Abe Naoki 
Published: September 2023

RationaleMarine polycyclic ethers have drawn attention owing to their unique chemical structures and involvement in food poisoning and fish killing. To study structural diversity, we performed a structural assignment of product ions produced from a representative ladder‐shaped polycyclic ether, ciguatoxin‐3C, and elucidated the mechanism of generation.MethodsThe product ions used for the structural assignment were produced from a precursor ion [M + H]+ using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, by employing an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source.ResultsThree charged sites were considered at both terminals of a molecule. Typical charge‐remote fragmentation was produced at the respective charge sites, yielding a hybrid spectrum. C–C bonds bordering two ethers could cleave and trigger the fission of two other bonds. Prominent ions indicating the serial loss of water molecules resulted from the simultaneous deprivation of ethereal oxygen and hydrogen atoms. The resultant double bonds formed long chains of conjugated polyenes, which stabilized charge via resonance.ConclusionsThree alternative charge sites produce a hybrid spectrum. The simultaneous fission of three bonds was explained. For the first time, intense ions due to serial dehydration were explained by the elimination of ether oxygen atoms and the subsequent conjugation of double bonds. All product ions were considered by the structural features of polycyclic ether that facilitates the formation of conjugated polyenes.
Spontaneous haemothorax as a complication of Kassabach‐Merritt phenomenon (KMP) in a‐2‐years old female child: A case report
Authors: Cesilia Citra , Ridar Elmi , Hatta Hariadi , Makmur Andreas , Wiwit Ade FW , Melinda Nataprawira Heda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractKasabach‐Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is a rare condition that is associated with two rare vascular tumours: Kapossiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA). A 2‐year‐old girl presented to our emergency room with a haemangioma and respiratory distress. The patient had a violaceous, palpable mass in the right upper chest since she was 5 months old. Severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and hypofibrinogenemia were found. Chest x‐ray revealed massive pleural effusion in the right hemithorax. Chest computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed right pleural effusion, multiple destructions of bilateral ribs and multiple osteopenia of thoracic vertebrae. Chest CT angiography revealed a vascular mass in the sternum region. Based on clinical, laboratory and imaging findings, the diagnosis of KMP was established. Clinical, consumptive coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia were resolved by prednisone (3 mg/kg/day) and vincristine (1 mg/body surface area in m2/week) as an adjunct. Unfortunately, she had spontaneous rebleeding and died before the biopsy was done.
Adaptive critic control with multi‐step policy evaluation for nonlinear zero‐sum games
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Ding , Wang Jiangyu , Qiao Junfei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo attenuate the effect of disturbances on control performance, a multi‐step adaptive critic control (MsACC) framework is developed to solve zero‐sum games for discrete‐time nonlinear systems. The MsACC algorithm utilizes multi‐step policy evaluation to obtain the solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaac equation, which is faster than that of the one‐step policy evaluation. The convergence rate of the MsACC algorithm is adjustable by varying the step size of the policy evaluation. In addition, the stability and convergence of the MsACC algorithm are proved under certain conditions. In order to realize the MsACC algorithm, three neural networks are established to approximate the control input, the disturbance input, and the cost function, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the MsACC algorithm is verified by two simulation examples, including a linear system and a nonlinear plant.
Formation Mechanism of a Hierarchically Porous Carbon Based on Soybean Hull Residues and Its Adsorption Performance
Authors: Ma Zhiyan , Zhang Yaping , Huang Yijun , Wang Rongmin , Wang Zeyuan , He Yufeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoybean residue has caused pollution to the environment due to high output. Herein, in order to reutilization soybean residue, a novel soybean hulls residue based hierarchically porous carbon was prepared by one‐step carbonization‐activation, and its structure and micromorphology were characterized by SEM, FT‐IR, Raman, TEM, BET and XPS. Based on results of characterization, which illustrated typical hierarchically pore structure with pore sizes are 1000 nm, 300 nm and 1.4 nm. The specific surface area and total pore volume were corresponded to 1455.41 m2/g and 0.731 cm3/g, respectively. And the pore‐forming mechanism was discussed in raw materials is a pyrolysis process. Furthermore, it was found that adsorption capacity of dye could got to 625 mg/g in 30 min when the adsorbent was 0.05 g. In summary, the soybean hulls residue based hierarchically pore material with large surface area and rich in pore structure, which will exhibit excellent performance towards wastewater treatment.
A Facile Aerobic Calcination Synthesis of Porous Oxygen‐Doped g‐C3N4 with High Adsorption Performance and Efficient Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Xu Xiwei , Huang Zhenxiong , Chen Bohong , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, porous oxygen‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) was successfully prepared via a facile aerobic calcination method using urea as the precursor. By adjusting the heating rate, the micro structural and the optical properties of this material were investigated. A series of characterizations indicate that the low heating rate is conducive to obtaining the g‐C3N4 possessing layered porous structure and large specific surface area. Meanwhile, it was found that narrower band gap (2.48 eV) and more effective carriers separation efficiency (2.54 ns) can be achieved by introducing oxygen dopants into the g‐C3N4, which is beneficial to the improvement of the photocatalytic performance. Additionally, the methylene blue (MB) wastewater degradation experiment was explored by using the porous oxygen‐doped g‐C3N4. It was demonstrated that the g‐C3N4 synthesized at low heating rate shows superior efficiency (99.1 %) for MB wastewater degradation treatment than the one synthesized at high heating rate (92.6 %). Thus, the porous oxygen‐doped g‐C3N4 obtains at low heating rate by aerobic calcination approach exhibits superior efficiency for dyeing wastewater treatment.
VO2 Nanoparticles‐Based Thermochromic Smart Windows
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhao Sisi , Qi Simeng , Liu Yinping , Chen Neng , Wang Lulu , Niu Yingchun , Xu Quan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) has reversible metal‐to‐insulator phase transitions (MIT) under thermal stimuli, which is a traditional and widely studied material for thermochromic smart window applications. Current research interests in VO2 materials design focused on decreasing phase change temperature (τc), increasing both luminous transmittance (Tlum) and solar modulating ability (▵Tsol). This review focuses on strategies for improving the thermochromic properties of VO2, including elemental doping to composite materials, improving the solar energy modulation ability, ameliorating color, elevating phase change efficiency, increasing durability, and enhancing energy efficiency. The challenges and opportunities of VO2 nanoparticles‐based thermochromic smart windows are discussed in the outlook section.
eAOM: Extended agent‐oriented modeling as an alternative methodology for blockchain enabling application development
Authors: WaiShiang Cheah , Ten LiBin Michelle , Phang Eaqerzilla , Jali Nurfauza bt , Khairuddin Muhammad Asyraf bin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlockchain applications are gradually receiving wide acceptance as a transformative technology that could potentially bring a reformation in the industry. Blockchain handles sensitive data through cryptography, consensus mechanism, transaction immutability, and peer‐to‐peer network to manage decentralized data features. In addition to ensuring operational efficiency, blockchain development is a complex and challenging process, which warrants further exploration. In an attempt to reduce the complexity of the development, various software methodologies have been introduced to support the development of blockchain applications systematically. It has been found that those methodologies introduced structured processes that are not suitable for software models. Moreover, all models are generic and do not take into blockchain concept as first‐class entities. Hence, there is a gap in extending and transforming the current blockchain modeling and practices when developing a blockchain application. This paper introduces a new insight and innovative methodology for blockchain‐based application development through extended agent‐oriented modeling (eAOM) to discover blockchain opportunities and contribute to the growth of the technology. With eAOM, the blockchain modeling processes start with requirement elicitation, computation independent modeling, early identification of blockchain use case, platform independent modeling, and platform specific model. A walkthrough example of a blockchain application, “win a fortune games” has showcased the feasibility of eAOM in modeling blockchain enabling application development in a systematic manner. A usability analysis is conducted among novice students to test the usability of eAOM versus original AOM in modeling blockchain application development. From the findings, 44% of the students managed to capture more than 80% of blockchain requirements through eAOM. On the other hand, 51% of the students scored between 20% and 60% of the blockchain requirement, and only 5% of the students failed to model blockchain requirements through eAOM. The results reveal the usage of the eAOM to model blockchain‐enabled application comprehensively.
Dry Heat Treatment of Finger Millet Starch for Thin Films—Studies on Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties
Authors: Gautam Naina , Garg Sangeeta , Yadav Shashikant 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis research work aims to investigate the impact of dry heat treatment (DHT) on the morphological, structural, and physicochemical properties of native finger millet starch (FMS), with the goal of enhancing its applicability in thin films. The influence of DHT on FMS is examined through various parameters, including moisture content, amylose content, ash content, swelling power, and solubility. Subsequently, a sequential evaluation is conducted to assess the morphology, structural and thermal stability, film thickness, water vapor permeability, water solubility, and mechanical properties of thin films produced from both FMS and DHT‐modified FMS. Regarding the modification of FMS, the solubility of FMS exhibits improvement, while amylose content, swelling, ash, and moisture content exhibit a decline. Thin films fabricated using DHT‐modified FMS displays enhanced homogeneity and continuity, devoid of cracks and holes typically observed in native FMS‐based thin films. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, water solubility, and water vapor permeability of the films are also improved as a result of the DHT treatment.These results demonstrate that DHT can be useful for enhancing the physical and chemical properties of high amylose finger millet starch for its applications in edible films and coatings.
Whole‐genome versus per‐chromosome targeted recombination: Simulations and predicted gains in maize with an integer programming model
Authors: Cameron John N. , Bernardo Rex 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPer‐chromosome targeted recombination, with one to two recombinations at specific marker intervals on each chromosome, doubles the predicted genetic gains in biparental populations. We developed an integer programing model to identify where a fixed number of targeted recombinations should occur across the whole genome, without restrictions on the number of targeted recombinations on each chromosome. We compared whole‐genome and per‐chromosome targeted recombination in 392 biparental maize (Zea mays L.) populations and in simulation experiments. For yield, moisture, test weight, and a simulated trait controlled by 2000 quantitative trait loci (QTL), predicted gains were 8%–9% larger with 10 targeted recombinations across the entire genome than with one targeted recombination on each of the 10 chromosomes. With whole‐genome targeted recombination, the number of recombinations on a given chromosome was correlated (r = 0.76–0.91) with the chromosome size (in cM). Simulation results suggested that previous results on gains from targeted recombination relative to nontargeted recombination were too optimistic by around 20%. Because the underlying QTL are unknown, studies on targeted recombination have relied on genomewide marker effects as proxies for QTL information. The simulation results indicated a 25% (for 10 recombinations) to 33% (for 20 recombinations) reduction in response due to the use of genomewide marker effects as proxies for QTL information. Overall, the results indicated that the integer programming model we developed is useful for increasing both the predicted and true gains from targeted recombination, but the predicted gains are likely to overestimate the true gains.
Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of foetuses from a female dog naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum – Case report
Authors: Heil Ana Carina , de Melo Lima Waterloo Mateus , Guerra Juliana Mariotti , Ferreira Ana Maria Reis , da Silva Leite Juliana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis report presents anatomo‐histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of an asymptomatic female dog naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and her four pups. In addition to routine serological tests, the mother's positivity was confirmed by real‐time PCR of a bone marrow sample; the placenta and ovaries, however, were negative with the same analysis. The pups presented no positivity in any of the techniques used. It is suggested that the gestational period and factors related to the female's immunological condition cause greater variability in the occurrence of vertical infection.
The potential use of natural expanded perlite as a flame retardant additive for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene based composites
Authors: Çelen Utku , Balçik Tamer Yasemin , Berber Hale 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to reveal the effect of expanded perlite (EP) additive as a flame retardant for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) copolymer based composites. Before composite preparation, fine powdered EP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Also, maleic anhydride grafted ABS (MAH‐g‐ABS) with a grafting degree of 3.9 wt% was synthesized and used as a polymeric compatibilizer. ABS/EP composites with different ratios of EP were prepared by a continuous one‐step melt mixing method. Thermogravimetric and morphological analysis, tensile tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 vertical burning tests of the composite materials were investigated. EP significantly decreased the decomposition rate of ABS and promoted char formation. EP provided a UL‐94 V‐1 flammability rating with great fire resistance and self‐extinguishing properties to the ABS matrix without any melt dripping. The LOI of ABS was greatly improved, reaching a value of 28.5% by adding only 5 phr EP. Zinc borate (ZB) also played a significant role in enhancing thermal stability and flame retardancy by creating a good synergism with EP. The composite containing 5 phr ZB showed a flame retardant grade of UL‐94 V‐0 and an LOI value of 27.5%.Highlights
Flame retardant ABS/EP composites were successfully prepared by melt mixing.
The EP ratio of 10 phr provided the highest resistance to flammability.
ZB showed good synergy with EP in enhancing the flame retardancy of ABS.
ABS/EP10/ZB‐5 composite had a UL‐94 V‐0 rating with an LOI value of 27.0%.
This study proved the potential use of natural EP as a flame retardant filler.
Kapitel 21. Bildung und Wissenschaft für ein klimafreundliches Leben
Authors: Bohunovsky Lisa , Keller Lars 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel baut auf Literatur zu Bildung und Wissenschaft (BUW) für nachhaltige Entwicklung und Klimawandel auf. Dabei wird auf Konzepte fokussiert, die Bildung in den Vordergrund stellen. Wissenschaft wird als Zusammenspiel von Forschung und Lehre gesehen. Insofern werden auch Aspekte von Forschung für ein klimafreundliches Leben aufgegriffen, wobei dies bewusst nicht der Schwerpunkt des Kapitels ist.Auch die Bewertung der Frage, welche Dimension der Rolle der Strukturen von BUW für ein klimafreundliches Leben zugeschrieben werden kann, bleibt ungeklärt. Insbesondere scheinen es die “Strukturen in den Köpfen” der beteiligten Menschen zu sein, die letztlich Denk- und Handlungsmuster erzeugen, die Nachhaltigkeit und Klimafreundlichkeit behindern oder begünstigen.
On a Conjecture About Higgs Bundles and Some Inequalities
Authors: Bruzzo Ugo , Graña Otero Beatriz , Hernández Ruipérez Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe briefly review an open conjecture about Higgs bundles that are semistable after pulling back to any curve, and prove it in the rank 2 case. We also prove some results in higher rank under suitable additional assumptions. Moreover, we establish a set of inequalities holding for H-nef Higgs bundles that generalize some of the Fulton–Lazarsfeld inequalities for numerically effective vector bundles.
Retinal inflammation in murine models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Dharmarajan Subramanian , Carrillo Casandra , Qi Zhonghua , Wilson Jonathan M. , Baucum Anthony J. , Sorenson Christine M. , Sheibani Nader , Belecky-Adams Teri L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The loss of pericytes surrounding the retinal vasculature in early diabetic retinopathy underlies changes to the neurovascular unit that lead to more destructive forms of the disease. However, it is unclear which changes lead to loss of retinal pericytes. This study investigated the hypothesis that chronic increases in one or more inflammatory factors mitigate the signalling pathways needed for pericyte survival.

Methods
Loss of pericytes and levels of inflammatory markers at the mRNA and protein levels were investigated in two genetic models of diabetes, Ins2Akita/+ (a model of type 1 diabetes) and Leprdb/db (a model of type 2 diabetes), at early stages of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, changes that accompany gliosis and the retinal vasculature were determined. Finally, changes in retinal pericytes chronically incubated with vehicle or increasing amounts of IFNγ were investigated to determine the effects on pericyte survival. The numbers of pericytes, microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells in retinal flatmounts were determined by immunofluorescence. Protein and mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were determined using multiplex ELISAs and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of IFNγ on the murine retinal pericyte survival-related platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) signalling pathway were investigated by western blot analysis. Finally, the levels of cell death-associated protein kinase C isoform delta (PKCδ) and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) in pericytes were determined by western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry.

Results
The essential findings of this study were that both type 1 and 2 diabetes were accompanied by a similar progression of retinal pericyte loss, as well as gliosis. However, inflammatory factor expression was dissimilar in the two models of diabetes, with peak expression occurring at different ages for each model. Retinal vascular changes were more severe in the type 2 diabetes model. Chronic incubation of murine retinal pericytes with IFNγ decreased PDGFRβ signalling and increased the levels of active PKCδ and CC3.

Conclusions/interpretation
We conclude that retinal inflammation is involved in and sustains pericyte loss as diabetic retinopathy progresses. Moreover, IFNγ plays a critical role in reducing pericyte survival in the retina by reducing activation of the PDGFRβ signalling pathway and increasing PKCδ levels and pericyte apoptosis.

Graphical Abstract
Gluteal Complex is important in External Snapping Hip: intraoperative identification of syndrome origin and endoscopic stepwise release–a case series.
Authors: Malinowski Konrad , Mostowy Marcin , Kim Dong Woon , Bawor Michalina , Skowronek Paweł , Hirschmann Michael T. , Pękala Przemysław A. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
External snapping hip syndrome (ESHS) was historically attributed to isolated iliotibial band (ITB) contracture. However, the gluteus maximus complex (GMC) may also be involved. This study aimed to intraoperatively identify the ESHS origin and assess the outcomes of endoscopic treatment based on the identified aetiological type.

Methods
From 2008-2014, 30 consecutive patients (34 hips) with symptomatic ESHS cases refractory to conservative treatment underwent endoscopic stepwise “fan-like” release, gradually addressing all known reasons of ESHS: from the isolated ITB, through the fascial part of the GMC until a partial release of gluteus maximus femoral attachment occurred. Snapping was assessed intra-operatively after each surgical step and prospectively recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed via the MAHORN Hip Outcome Tool (MHOT-14).

Results
Twenty seven patients (31 hips) were available to follow-up at 24-56 months. In all cases, complete snapping resolution was achieved intra-operatively: in seven cases (22.6%) after isolated ITB release, in 22 cases (70.9%), after release of ITB + fascial part of the GMC, and in two cases (6.5%) after ITB + fascial GMC release + partial release of GM femoral insertion. At follow-up, there were no snapping recurrences and MHOT-14 score significantly increased from a pre-operative average of 46 to 93(p<0.001).

Conclusion
Intraoperative identification and gradual addressing of all known causes of ESHS allows for maximum preservation of surrounding tissue during surgery while precisely targeting the directly involved structures. Endoscopic stepwise “fan-like” release of the ITB and GMC is an effective, tailor-made treatment option for ESHS regardless of the snapping origin in the patients with possibility to manually reproduce the snapping.