bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical ventilation intervention based on machine learning from vital signs monitoring: a scoping review
Authors: Baidillah Marlin Ramadhan , Busono Pratondo , Riyanto Riyanto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Asynchronous breathing (AB) during mechanical ventilation (MV) may lead to a detrimental effect on the patient’s condition. Due to the massive amount of data displayed in a large ICU, a machine learning algorithm (MLA) was proposed extensively to extract the patterns within the multiple continuous-in-time vital signs, to determine which are the variables that will predict the AB, to intervene in the MV as an early warning system, and finally to replace a highly demand of clinician’s cognition. This study reviews the MLA for prediction and detection models from vital signs monitoring data for MV intervention. Publication on MLA development on MV intervention based on vital signs monitoring to support clinicians’ decision-making process was extracted from the three electronic academic research databases Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), ScienceDirect, and PUBMED Central to February 2023. 838 papers from the electronic academic research databases are extracted. There are 14 review papers, while 25 related papers that pass with the quality assessments (QA). Few studies have been published that considered VS monitoring data along with the MV parameters waveforms for MV intervention. Vital signs monitoring data is not the only predictor in the developed MLA. Most studies suggested that developing the MLA for direct MV intervention requires more concern in the pre-processing of real-time data to avoid false positive and false detection than developing MLA itself.
A compact ultra-wideband sub-nanosecond pulse generator with step recovery diodes
Authors: Liu Guancong , Xiao Xia , Lu Min , Zhang Xiaofeng , Kikkawa Takamaro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article presents a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) sub-nanosecond monocycle pulse generator. The proposed circuit has a simple structure and low cost, and its core components are step recovery diodes (SRDs). It is composed of a power supply circuit, pulse drive circuit, short pulse-forming circuit, and pulse-shaping circuit. A transistor-based drive circuit is used to generate a drive pulse with sharp fall time. Then, a sub-nanosecond pulse width is realized through the combination of two SRDs in series and parallel. Finally, a monocycle pulse is directly formed by the inductance-based differentiator. This design achieves a full pulse width of 406 ps with a 260 mV peak-to-peak amplitude and a −10 dB bandwidth of 510 MHz to 6.1 GHz at a pulse repetition frequency of 10 MHz square waveform. The symmetry and ringing level are 96.9% and −25.3 dB, respectively, providing good symmetry and low ringing with a circuit size of 55 × 15 mm. In actual experiments, two identical UWB antennas with appropriate bandwidth are used to radiate a monopulse to breast phantoms. The results and uncertainty analyses of the test system show that there are distinguishable differences under diverse tumor phantoms and locations, proving that the proposed pulse generator is attractive for the application of UWB breast cancer detection.
Upconversion phosphor thermometry for use in thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Feuk Henrik , Nilsson Sebastian , Richter Mattias 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Measuring the temperature below the surface of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) using a thin phosphor layer is challenging primarily due to the absorption and scattering of laser excitation light and phosphor luminescence as they propagate through the coating. One way to increase phosphor luminescence could be to use upconversion phosphor thermometry, which is investigated in the current study. It is attractive because using longer excitation wavelengths reduces the absorption and scattering in TBCs as 8% wt. yttria-stabilize zirconia (8YSZ) generally has lower scattering and absorption coefficients around 1000 nm than at 532 and 355 nm. Therefore, the viability of upconversion to measure the temperature at the bottom of a TBC was evaluated for the first time and was compared with the more conventional downconversion phosphor thermometry. The current work involved an experimental study of several phosphors with lanthanides doped in the 8YSZ host, which were excited through downconversion by pulsed 355 nm and 532 nm laser light and through upconversion with 965 nm laser light. The YSZ:Er,Yb and YSZ:Ho,Yb phosphors show promise for upconversion phosphor thermometry. The experimentally acquired optical phosphor characteristics were used to simulate laser light and phosphor luminescence propagation in TBCs using Kubelka–Munk theory. This was to evaluate the signal strength with upconversion excitation compared to downconversion excitation. Upconversion excitation resulted greater signal strength from an embedded phosphor layer than 532 nm excitation and much higher than 355 nm excitation. Upconversion lifetime phosphor thermometry also resulted in improved phosphor lifetime temperature sensitivity. Coupled with reduced interference from background luminescence from impurities in TBCs with upconversion, it is a promising method for temperature measurements with the thermographic phosphor embedded in or underneath a TBC.
Effective cross-linking strategy for graphene oxide membrane with high structural stability and enhanced separation performance
Authors: Zhang Huaitao , Hu Xuebing , Yang Boshen , Zhou Qintao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In order to solve the poor structural stability of graphene oxide (GO) membrane, a facile and effective cross-linking technology was employed to create a high-performance GO membrane. Herein, DL-Tyrosine/amidinothiourea and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane were used to crosslink GO nanosheets and porous alumina substrate, respectively. The group evolution of GO with different cross-linking agents was detected via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ultrasonic treatment and soaking experiment were conducted to explore the structural stability of the different membranes. The GO membrane cross-linked with amidinothiourea exhibits exceptional structural stability. Meanwhile, the membrane has superior separation performance, with the pure water flux reaching approximately 109.6 l·m−2·h−1·bar−1. During the treatment of 0.1 g l–1 NaCl solution, its permeation flux and rejection for NaCl are about 86.8 l·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and 50.8%, respectively. The long-term filtration experiment also demonstrates that the membrane exhibits great operational stability. All these indicate the cross-linking graphene oxide membrane has promising potential applications in water treatment.
DADFN: dynamic adaptive deep fusion network based on imaging genomics for prediction recurrence of lung cancer
Authors: Jia Liye , Wu Wei , Hou Guojie , Zhang Yanan , Zhao Juanjuan , Qiang Yan , Wang Long 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Recently, imaging genomics has increasingly shown great potential for predicting postoperative recurrence of lung cancer patients. However, prediction methods based on imaging genomics have some disadvantages such as small sample size, high-dimensional information redundancy and poor multimodal fusion efficiency. This study aim to develop a new fusion model to overcome these challenges. Approach. In this study, a dynamic adaptive deep fusion network (DADFN) model based on imaging genomics is proposed for predicting recurrence of lung cancer. In this model, the 3D spiral transformation is used to augment the dataset, which better retains the 3D spatial information of the tumor for deep feature extraction. The intersection of genes screened by LASSO, F-test and CHI-2 selection methods is used to eliminate redundant data and retain the most relevant gene features for the gene feature extraction. A dynamic adaptive fusion mechanism based on the cascade idea is proposed, and multiple different types of base classifiers are integrated in each layer, which can fully utilize the correlation and diversity between multimodal information to better fuse deep features, handcrafted features and gene features. Main results. The experimental results show that the DADFN model achieves good performance, and its accuracy and AUC are 0.884 and 0.863, respectively. This indicates that the model is effective in predicting lung cancer recurrence. Significance. The proposed model has the potential to help physicians to stratify the risk of lung cancer patients and can be used to identify patients who may benefit from a personalized treatment option.
Plasma dynamics in a capacitively coupled discharge driven by a combination of a single high frequency and a tailored low frequency rectangular voltage waveform
Authors: Rauf Shahid , Schroeder Manuel , Korolov Ihor , Kenney Jason , Schulze Julian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Spatiotemporal dynamics in a capacitively coupled plasma discharge generated using a combination of 13.56 MHz sinusoidal voltage and 271.2 kHz tailored rectangular voltage is examined both experimentally and computationally. In the experiments, a fast-gated camera is used to measure the space and time-resolved emission at a wavelength of 750.39 nm from the Ar 2p1

→

1s2 transition. A particle-in-cell model is used to simulate the Ar plasma. The rectangular waveform is formed using 20 consecutive harmonics of 271.2 kHz, and the waveform duty cycle (DC) is varied between 5%–50%. The experiments and simulation show that excitation and argon metastable (Ar

∗

) production are primarily caused by electrons accelerated by the expanding sheath. Species generation occurs asymmetrically with more production happening adjacent to the powered electrode when the low frequency (LF) voltage is positive and vice versa. Densities of charged and excited-state neutral species decrease with increasing LF voltage due to the thinning of the plasma region and enhanced charged species loss at surfaces. At DC = 10%, the plasma responds strongly when the LF rectangular voltage switches from a small negative to a large positive voltage. Emission from the plasma and Ar

∗

production decrease considerably during this phase. When the LF voltage becomes negative again, species production and excitation remain suppressed for some time before returning to the pre-positive-pulse conditions. This reduction in plasma production is linked to the spike in electron current to the powered electrode during the positive LF voltage period, which depletes the electrons in the plasma bulk and adjacent to the grounded electrode and also raises the mid-chamber plasma potential. Plasma production suppression after the LF positive

→

negative voltage transition lasts longer at higher LF voltage and lower high frequency voltage due to lower plasma density.
Selective supply of atomic oxygen to a surface placed in room air using vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of carbon dioxide
Authors: Ono Ryo , Battulga Tuguldur , Du Hao , Komuro Atsushi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Reactive species play important roles in plasma treatments of surfaces, including polymers, metals, water, and living tissues. To elucidate the surface reaction mechanism, it is crucial to measure the effect of each type of reactive species on the surface treatment. Accordingly, we previously developed a method to selectively supply OH or O radicals to a surface placed in room air. Ar/H2O or Ar/O2 gas flowing through a quartz tube is irradiated with a vacuum ultraviolet lamp, causing photodissociation of H2O and O2 to produce OH and O. The resulting gas flows to the surface from the tube end. The O density supplied to the surface, however, is only approximately

1
×

10

12

cm−3 according to our simulation, which is not sufficient to determine the surface treatment effect of O atoms. Therefore, in this study, a new method is proposed, supplying O atoms with a density that is two orders of magnitude higher. Specifically, CO2 gas is used as the medium to be photodissociated instead of O2 gas. The performance of this method is discussed herein using simulation results. The maximum O density supplied to the surface reaches

1
×

10

14

cm−3 according to the simulation. Additionally, the experimental results demonstrate that the newly developed method can supply a sufficient amount of O atoms to selectively measure the effect of O atoms on the surface treatment of polypropylene (PP). In particular, the water contact angle (WCA) is considered as an index of the surface treatment. As a result, O atoms decrease the WCA of the PP surface at rates of the same order of magnitude as OH.
Characterization of a DC glow discharge in N2–H2with electrical measurements and neutral and ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Chatain Audrey , Morillo-Candas Ana Sofia , Vettier Ludovic , Carrasco Nathalie , Cernogora Guy , Guaitella Olivier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe addition of small amounts of H2were investigated in a DC glow discharge in N2, at low pressure (∼1 mbar) and low power (0.05–0.2 W cm−3). We quantified the electric field, the electron density, the ammonia production and the formation of positive ions for amounts of H2varying between 0 and 5%, pressure values between 0.5 and 4 mbar, and currents between 10 and 40 mA. The addition of less than 1% H2has a strong effect on the N2plasma discharges. Hydrogen quenches the (higher) vibrational levels of N2and some of its highly energetic metastable states. This leads to the increase of the discharge electric field and consequently of the average electron energy. As a result, higher quantities of radical and excited species are suspected to be produced. The addition of hydrogen also leads to the formation of new species. In particular, ammonia and hydrogen-bearing ions have been observed: N2H+and NH4+being the major ones, and also H3+, NH+, NH2+, NH3+, N3H+and N3H3+. The comparison to a radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasma discharge in similar experimental conditions shows that both discharges led to similar observations. The study of N2–H2discharges in the laboratory in the adequate ionization conditions then gives some insights on which plasma species made of nitrogen and hydrogen could be present in the ionosphere of Titan. Here, we identified some protonated ions, which are reactive species that could participate to the erosion of organic aerosols on Titan.
Hairpin probe assisted saturation current ratio method to determine plasma electronegativity
Authors: Singh Pawandeep , Dahiya Swati , Pandey Avnish K , Karkari Shantanu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The saturation current ratio (SCR) method is considered to be one of the simplest methods to determine plasma electronegativity in electronegative discharges using a Langmuir probe (LP). However, its accuracy is susceptible to errors incurred in the estimation of electron and positive ion saturation currents from the ampere–voltage characteristics obtained by a cylindrical LP and partly due to errors in estimating the positive ion flux at the sheath boundary. In spite of its wide use, these underlying limitations and their remedies have not been adequately investigated. In this paper, we address the above problems by involving a DC biased hairpin resonator probe to determine the plasma potential and sheath area correction factor for a cylindrical LP. These measurements are further integrated with the standard SCR method to deduce the plasma electronegativity in an oxygen plasma.
Practical analysis of different neutral algorithms for particle simulation of Hall thruster
Authors: Pan Ruojian , Ren Junxue , Mao Renfan , Tang Haibin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The modeling of neutral atoms is important for the full-particle simulations of Hall thrusters. In previous studies, researchers have developed various algorithms to model the neutral kinetics. The choice of those algorithms can influence significantly the computational speed, simulation convergence, and physical results. In this work, we perform a full-particle simulation of a typical 1 kW-class SPT-100 Hall thruster using four neutral algorithms, including the fixed-neutral algorithm (FNA), the algorithm of direct simulation of Monte Carlo (DSMC), the collisionless-neutral algorithm (CLNA), and the fluid algorithm (FA), to analyze the effects of different neutral iteration approaches on the simulation results. We found that FNA is sensitive to the initial number density of neutrals, and is difficult to converge properly, while the other algorithms not neglecting the atomic dynamics can get stable results. We count the parameters of the thruster, that is, thrust, specific impulse, and plasma density using different neutral algorithms. The time-averaged results match well with those of the experiment. However, the results differ in the time scale due to the low-frequency oscillations in Hall thrusters. We verify that the oscillations are due to the periodic change of neutrals and establish a zero-dimensional model to analyze the properties of the oscillations in the time scale. It indicates that the ratio of ion migration to neutral migration is the essential factor that significantly affects the calculation results. The model reveals that the direct neutral iteration methods, like DSMC and CLNA, can better simulate the characteristics of discharge fluctuations in Hall thrusters than the quasi-steady-state method, like FA. Finally, we proposed practical suggestions for the selection of the neutral algorithms for the SPT-100 thruster, which can also be generalized to other low- and medium-power Hall thrusters.
Plasmonic induced light trapping enhancement in silicon nanowires hybrid solar cell using indium tin oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Tunghathaithip Naraphorn , Lertvachirapaiboon Chutiparn , Sinbo Kazunari , Kato Keizo , Tungasmita Duangamol , Tungasmita Sukkaneste , Baba Akira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with different lengths was fabricated using the metal-catalyzed electroless etching method and used as the base structure of an inorganic semiconductor hybrid solar cell. This technique is economically attractive and allows us to easily control the physical nanostructure of the nanowires to match the light trapping mechanism of the 3D-structured hybrid solar cell. The length of the nanowire linearly increases with etching times. For solar cell fabrication, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was used as an organic semiconductor part. The plasmonic-induced light-trapping enhancement of indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mixed with PEDOT:PSS was adapted to improve solar cell performance. It was found that the hybrid solar cell, fabricated from SiNWs with 5 min-etching time, yielded the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, using ITO NPs and AuNPs in a hole-transport layer of the SiNWs hybrid solar cell can improve the PCE to 50% more than the reference hybrid solar cell. The hybrid solar cell using the concentration between PEDOT:PSS and ITO NPs of 1:1/5 shows the highest PCE of 8.33%.
Semiclassical Boltzmann magnetotransport theory in anisotropic systems with a nonvanishing Berry curvature
Authors: Suh Jeonghyeon , Park Sanghyun , Min Hongki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding the transport behavior of an electronic system under the influence of a magnetic field remains a key subject in condensed matter physics. Particularly in topological materials, their nonvanishing Berry curvature can lead to many interesting phenomena in magnetotransport owing to the coupling between the magnetic field and Berry curvature. By fully incorporating both the field-driven anisotropy and inherent anisotropy in the band dispersion, we study the semiclassical Boltzmann magnetotransport theory in topological materials with a nonvanishing Berry curvature. We show that as a solution to the Boltzmann transport equation the effective mean-free-path vector is given by the integral equation, including the effective velocity arising from the coupling between the magnetic field, Berry curvature and mobility. We also calculate the conductivity of Weyl semimetals with an isotropic energy dispersion, and find that the coupling between the magnetic field and Berry curvature induces anisotropy in the relaxation time, showing a substantial deviation from the result obtained assuming a constant relaxation time.
Insulator-to-metal transition in intermediate-band materials: insights from temperature-dependent transmission computations
Authors: Dong Xiao , Li Yuan , Wang Tianxing , An Yipeng , Wang Yongyong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Insulator-to-metal (I–M) transition is crucial for an intermediate-band (IB) photovoltaic material to suppress the non-radiative recombinations and improve its efficiency. Nevertheless, the mechanism and critical condition of the I–M transition is not clear yet. In this work, the critical conditions of the I–M transition in two types of Si-based IB materials were studied by combining the molecular dynamics simulations and Landauer transmission calculations. It shows that the I–M transition of the substitutional configuration of S will occur when the filled IB is expanded and merged with the conduction band, which fulfills the Mott transition theory. But this type of IB material is not a standard IB material proposed by Luque. For the substitutional configuration of N, which can be regarded as a standard IB material, the I–M transition would be occurred when the partially-filled IB is expanded and the localization of the carriers in the IB is weakened. The metallic state of the IB material is different from typical metals and they still exhibit some semiconductor properties at low temperature.
Variational approach to quantum spin liquid in a Rydberg atom simulator
Authors: Cheng Yanting , Li Chengshu , Zhai Hui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recently the Rydberg blockade effect has been utilized to realize quantum spin liquid (QSL) on a kagome lattice. Evidence of QSL has been obtained experimentally by directly measuring non-local string order. In this paper, we report a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)-type variational wave function study of the spin liquid state in this model. This wave function is motivated by mapping the Rydberg blockade model to a lattice gauge theory, where the local gauge conservations replace the role of constraints from the Rydberg blockade. We determine the variational parameter from the experimental measurement of the Rydberg atom population. Then we compare the predictions of this deterministic wave function with the experimental measurements of non-local string order. Combining the measurements on both open and closed strings, we extract the fluctuations only associated with the closed-loop as an indicator of the topological order. The prediction from our wave function agrees reasonably well with the experimental data, with only one fitting parameter determined by measurement of Rydberg atom population. Our variational wave function provides a simple and intuitive picture of the QSL in this system that can be generalized to similar spin liquid phases in other lattice geometry.
Analysis of elastic scattering of 6Li by 90Zr near Coulomb barrier
Authors: Jena Kamala Kanta , Agarwalla Santosh Kumar , Sahu Bidhubhusan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We use a phenomenological optical potential constructed in consideration of a versatile potential developed by Joseph N. Ginocchio. The optical potential uses less number of energy-dependent parameters to analyse nuclear scattering data. We study the ratios of elastic to Rutherford differential scattering cross sections of the system 6Li + 90Zr at various energies, namely, 10.19, 11.11, 12.07, 13.95, 15.84, 17.71, 19.60, 23.36, 28.05 and 31.87 MeV in the centre-of-mass system. The study of angular distributions is performed in a wide angular range. Our theoretical calculations explain the experimental results and follow breakup threshold anomaly phenomenon near the Coulomb barrier. We discuss the variation of reflection function |S
l
| with ‘l’ for each contributing partial wave and calculate reaction cross section for the system against the projectile energy 31.87 MeV with permissible error.