bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the Parent Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire
Authors: Drury Catherine R. , Hail Lisa , Rienecke Renee D. , Accurso Erin C. , Coelho Jennifer S. , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel , Loeb Katharine L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the psychometric properties of the Parent Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (PEDE‐Q), developed to improve eating disorder (ED) assessment among youth by including parents as informants.MethodsA multi‐site, transdiagnostic sample of 355 adolescents with EDs completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) and their parents completed the PEDE‐Q.ResultsThe internal consistencies of the PEDE‐Q subscales were on par with established EDE‐Q ranges (.73 to .90), both when examined using the original four‐factor EDE‐Q subscales and the seven‐item, three‐factor subscales of the brief EDE‐Q. Statistically significant medium‐ to large‐sized correlations and poor to moderate levels of agreement were found between the corresponding EDE‐Q and PEDE‐Q subscales. Receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the PEDE‐Q had a statistically significant area under the curve (AUC) to maximize sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing full‐syndrome AN, whereas the EDE‐Q did not. Based on chi‐square analyses, the PEDE‐Q identified a statistically significantly greater number of AN cases than the EDE‐Q. The EDE‐Q yielded a BN diagnosis more frequently than the PEDE‐Q, although this difference was not statistically significant.DiscussionResults suggest that the PEDE‐Q has good psychometric properties and provides incremental information that can aid in the assessment and diagnosis of adolescents with EDs, particularly those with AN.Public significanceThere exist complex challenges to identifying clinically significant eating disorders among youth. The PEDE‐Q is a questionnaire measure that improves eating disorder assessment among children and adolescents by asking parents to report on the symptoms and behaviors they have observed in their child and that youth may not fully disclose. The PEDE‐Q can aid in the diagnosis of adolescents with eating disorders, particularly those with anorexia nervosa.
Critical transitions and evolutionary hysteresis in movement: Habitat fragmentation can cause abrupt shifts in dispersal that are difficult to revert
Authors: de Jager Monique , Soons Merel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnder habitat fragmentation, plant species' survival hinges on the ability of individuals to disperse from one habitat patch to another. While there is evidence that severe habitat fragmentation leads to evolution of reduced dispersal ability and that such decreased mobility is generally detrimental for species' survival, it is unknown whether species adapt via a gradual loss in dispersal ability or via a sudden shift from frequent to infrequent dispersal between patches (i.e., a critical transition). Using both a spatially explicit deterministic and individual‐based stochastic model of hydrochorous seed dispersal, we show that a small increase in inter‐patch distance can generate an abrupt shift in plant seed dispersal strategy from long to short distances. Most importantly, we found that a substantial increase in connectivity between habitat fragments is required to reverse this loss of long‐distance dispersal, due to an evolutionary hysteresis effect. Our theory prompts for re‐consideration of the eco‐evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation as restoring habitat connectivity may require restoration of much higher connectivity levels than currently assumed.
Field‐programmable gate array acceleration of the Tersoff potential in LAMMPS
Authors: Deng Quan , Liu Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulation is a common method to help humans understand the microscopic world. The traditional general‐purpose high‐performance computing platforms are hindered by low computational and power efficiency, constraining the practical application of large‐scale and long‐time many‐body molecular dynamics simulations. In order to address these problems, a novel molecular dynamics accelerator for the Tersoff potential is designed based on field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms, which enables the acceleration of LAMMPS using FPGAs. Firstly, an on‐the‐fly method is proposed to build neighbor lists and reduce storage usage. Besides, multilevel parallelizations are implemented to enable the accelerator to be flexibly deployed on FPGAs of different scales and achieve good performance. Finally, mathematical models of the accelerator are built, and a method for using the models to determine the optimal‐performance parameters is proposed. Experimental results show that, when tested on the Xilinx Alveo U200, the proposed accelerator achieves a performance of 9.51 ns/day for the Tersoff simulation in a 55,296‐atom system, which is a 2.00 increase in performance when compared to Intel I7‐8700K and 1.70 to NVIDIA Tesla K40c under the same test case. In addition, in terms of computational efficiency and power efficiency, the proposed accelerator achieves improvements of 2.00 and 7.19 compared to Intel I7‐8700K, and 4.33 and 2.11 compared to NVIDIA Titan Xp, respectively.
Health literacy in Pakistani migrants in Australia—An emerging and neglected culturally and linguistically diverse community
Authors: Saleem Ahsan , Steadman Kathryn J. , La Caze Adam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedPakistani migrants are one of the fastest‐growing culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Australia, but there is currently a lack of information regarding their health literacy. This study aimed to investigate the health literacy of Pakistani migrants residing in Australia.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional study design, health literacy was measured using the Urdu version of Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to describe the health literacy profile of respondents and to examine its association with their demographic characteristics.ResultsThe responses of 202 Pakistani migrants were included. The median age of the respondents was 36 years, 61.8% were males and 87.6% had a university education. The majority spoke Urdu at home and almost 80% were Australian permanent residents or citizens. Pakistani respondents scored high on HLQ domains; feeling understood by health providers (Scale 1), social support for health care (Scales 4), engaging with health care providers (Scale 6) and understanding health information (Scale 9). The respondents scored low on HLQ domains; having sufficient information (Scale 2), actively managing health (Scale 3), appraisal of health information (Scale 5), navigating the health care system (Scale 7) and ability to find information (Scale 8). In the regression model, university education and age were significantly associated with health literacy in almost all the domains, but the effect size was small for age. Speaking English at home and being a permanent resident were also associated with better health literacy in two to three HLQ domains.ConclusionsHealth literacy strengths and weaknesses of Pakistani migrants residing in Australia were identified. Health care providers and organisations may use these findings to tailor health information and services to better support health literacy in this community.So What?This study will inform future interventions to better support health literacy and reduce health disparities in Pakistani migrants residing in Australia.
Local gambling preferences and corporate tax avoidance: Evidence from China
Authors: Yin Hongying , Gong Xiaoyun , Quan Xiaofeng , Li Annie Y. S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe document the positive effect of local gambling preferences on corporate tax avoidance using province‐level lottery sales data as a proxy for local gambling preferences. This result is robust to a battery of sensitivity tests. Furthermore, the positive effect of local gambling preferences on corporate tax avoidance is weaker (stronger) when firms face stronger (weaker) tax enforcement, have greater (less) institutional ownership, and followed by more (less) analysts. Last, we find that local gambling preferences influence corporate tax avoidance by shaping the risk attitudes of insiders (i.e. controlling shareholders and managers). Overall, we shed light on the real effect of local gambling preferences on corporate tax avoidance behaviour in emerging economies such as China.
Clinical progression of megacalycosis in a girl with a solitary kidney: The lesson learned
Authors: Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Nedbal Carlotta , Palantrani Vanessa , Ranghino Andrea , Mazzucchelli Roberta , Giulioni Carlo , Milanese Giulio , Castellani Daniele 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMegacalycosis is a rare disorder related to congenital underdevelopment of the renal papilla or structural defect of the renal calyces. Megacalycosis has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from simple variants without any significance on renal function to severe complications. Any prevention strategy is recommended yet since megacalycosis is mostly asymptomatic and usually discovered either accidentally or as result of its complications.Case presentationWe observed megacalycosis progression in a young female with a single kidney toward progressive calyx dilatation for years, which ended in acute pyelonephritis. Conservative management, urinary drainage, and large‐spectrum antibiotics were unsuccessful and nephrectomy was required.ConclusionThis rare case and literature review add evidence to identify prognostic factors to select patients with a high risk of complications (single kidney, bilateral disease, female gender, associated genetic syndromes, vesicoureteral reflux, and contralateral renal disorder). One o more factors should activate close monitoring and prophylactic therapy if needed.
Simplified methods for identifying subtypes of automatically maintained self‐injury
Authors: Hagopian Louis P. , Falligant John Michael , Frank‐Crawford Michelle A. , Yenokyan Gayane , Piersma Drew E. , Kaur Jasmeen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSubtypes of automatically maintained self‐injurious behavior (SIB) have been defined based on response patterns observed during the functional analysis, which are thought to reflect each subtype's distinct mechanisms. Current practice for identifying subtypes involves using structured criteria to identify whether SIB is automatically maintained, followed by the application of additional criteria to identify the subtype. We describe a series of studies directed at simplifying these methods to facilitate wider application of the subtyping model in research and practice. In Studies 1 and 2, we demonstrate the accuracy of modified criteria using the level of differentiation of SIB across the play and no‐interaction conditions at distinguishing between two subtypes (i.e., Subtypes 1 and 2). We then demonstrate visual analysis (without structured criteria) can accurately identify SIB as automatically maintained in Study 3, which can be used in combination with level of differentiation to enable application of the subtyping model in practice.
Survey of national practices for postgraduate year two critical care and emergency medicine pharmacy residency emergency response training
Authors: Philips Eli , Cycz Clare , Liu Ji T. , Eche I. Mary , Wong Adrian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionMedical emergency response within the hospital involves an interdisciplinary team, including pharmacists. Pharmacist involvement in these teams has increased over time due to published benefits of their involvement. Development of emergency response skills may start during pharmacy residency, although limited data suggest how this is best implemented.ObjectivesLimited data evaluate post‐graduate year 2 (PGY2) pharmacy resident training for emergency response, as well as PGY2 program values for this in screening/ranking candidates, which may help post‐graduate year one (PGY1) pharmacy residents identify residency programs that are a good fit for their career goals.MethodsA list of PGY2 critical care (CC) and emergency medicine (EM) programs were identified. The questionnaire included program demographics, characteristics of PGY2 emergency response training, and PGY2 residency program values of PGY1 emergency response exposure for screening and ranking applicants for their programs. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare differences between CC and EM programs for these outcomes.ResultsA total of 85 complete responses were analyzed (response rate by all identified programs: CC = 36.4%; EM = 32.1%). Emergency response training was often with both core and longitudinal experiences (72.9%), although differed by type of program (p < 0.001). Both CC and EM programs considered PGY1 pharmacy resident exposure to emergency response in screening candidates (33.9% and 57.7%, respectively), as well as ranking candidates (22% and 38.5%, respectively). For CC programs, both Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support certification and quantity of PGY1 emergency response ranked as the most important characteristics, while EM programs ranked quantity as the most important.ConclusionThe results of this survey indicate heterogeneity in PGY2 CC and EM emergency response training. PGY1 applicants for these programs should consider their experience with emergency response as a potential factor in identifying an appropriate program for their training.
Revealing electronic structure of nanostructured cobalt titanate via a combination of optical and electrochemical approaches toward water splitting and CO2 reduction
Authors: Moghiminia Shokufeh , Farsi Hossein , Zubkov Tykhon , Hosseini Seyyedamirhossein , Behforouz Mitra , Fahmideh Mahdizadeh Fariba , Barekati Neda Sadat , Moghadam Nazanin Gholamian , Irandoost Eshagh , Estes Justine , Li Zhihai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe shortage of clean energy has become a serious problem due to the rapid development of societies and the increasing consumption of fossil fuels. Metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials have been studied as photo‐/electrocatalysts for water splitting in terms of clean energy generation. Applications of semiconductors depend on their electronic structures. Therefore, elucidating the electronic diagram is essential for determining the specific applications of novel semiconductors.ResultsHerein, we demonstrate using a combination of UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Mott–Schottky analysis via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for sketching the electronic diagram of nanostructured cobalt titanate (CoTiO3) prepared by the sol–gel method. UV–visible DRS studies reveal a band gap of 2.5 and 2.1 eV for direct and indirect transitions of prepared nanostructured materials, respectively. Mott–Schottky analysis shows a 0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl value for the flat band potential for CoTiO3. We further show the application of this diagram toward the interpretation of the electrochemical behavior of nanostructured CoTiO3 for electrochemical water splitting reactions and the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR).ConclusionThe presented electrochemical and photoelectrochemical studies demonstrate nanostructured CoTiO3 as an effective catalyst for electrochemical water oxidation and the eCO2RR. Moreover, our results provide valuable information for further investigation of water splitting and photovoltaic energy conversion. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Understanding the structural contributions to the functional properties of chestnut starch high in resistant starch type‐2
Authors: Guo Qiyong , Zheng Bo , Zeng Xixi , Chen Ling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDChestnut has recently attracted attention because of its exceptional functional properties, which are mainly influenced by the structural properties of chestnut starch (CS). In this study, ten varieties of chestnut from the northern, southern, eastern, and western regions of China were selected, and their functional properties, including thermal properties, pasting properties, in vitro digestibility, and multi‐scale structural characteristics were characterized. The relationship between structure and functional properties was clarified.RESULTSIn the varieties that were studied, the pasting temperature of CS was in the range of 67.2–75.2 °C and the pastes displayed diverse viscosity characteristics. Slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) of CS were in the range of 17.17–28.78% and 61.19–76.10%, respectively. Chestnut starch from north‐eastern China exhibited the highest RS content of 74.43–76.10%. Structural correlation analysis revealed that smaller size distribution, fewer B2 chains, and thinner lamellae thickness contributed to higher RS content. Meanwhile, CS with smaller granules, more B2 chains, and thicker amorphous lamellae displayed lower peak viscosities, stronger resistance to shear, and higher thermal stability.CONCLUSIONOverall, this study clarified the relationship between the functional properties and the multi‐scale structure of CS, revealing the structural contributions to its high RS content. These findings provide significant information and basic data for use in the creation of nutritional chestnut food. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polyaniline‐co‐polyindole functionalized magnetic porous carbon derived from MIL‐53(Fe) for separation/enrichment of nitrophenols pollutants before determination with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection
Authors: Barzin Mahnaz , Pooladi Mohsen 
Published: May 2023

Herein, a novel polyaniline‐co‐polyindole functionalized magnetic porous carbon derived from MIL‐53(Fe) was prepared and employed as an excellent nano‐adsorbent to preconcentrate trace amounts of nitro‐phenols in water and wastewater samples. Briefly, magnetic MIL‐53(Fe) was synthesized by the addition of magnetite nanoparticles, terephthalic acid, and FeCl3 to the reaction medium. The magnetic MIL‐53(Fe) was pyrolyzed under nitrogen protection to obtain a magnetic porous carbon nanocomposite, and finally, the nanomaterial was functionalized with polyaniline‐co‐polyindole via oxidation polymerization. The obtained nano‐adsorbent was characterized via X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission and scanning electron microscopies. After that, the fabricated nano‐material was utilized as an excellent nano‐adsorbent for the preconcentration of trace nitro‐phenols (2‐nitrophenol, 4‐nitrophenol, and 2,4‐dinitrophenol) in environmental water, and wastewater samples. The detection limits were obtained from 0.1 to 0.15 μg/L after performing the optimization process. The new method was in the range of 0.4–300 μg/L. The proposed method exhibited a good precision from 3.2% to 9.6% for within‐day assay, and 5.2%–13.2% for between‐day assay at three concentration levels (1, 50, and 250 μg/L). Eventually, this method was utilized to preconcentrate/determine the target analytes in three water, and wastewater samples, satisfactory (relative standard deviations, 5.4%–9.3%; relative recovery, 88%–109%).
Terror leaves adolescents behind: Identifying risk and protective factors for high‐school completion among survivors of terrorism
Authors: Strøm Ida F. , Dyb Grete , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Stene Lise Eilin , Schultz Jon‐Håkon , Stensland Synne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTerror exposure increases the risk of somatic and psychological health problems in survivors. Yet, knowledge of how such exposure affects survivors’ ability to stay in school is lacking. This study examined whether exposure to the 2011 Utøya terrorist attack in Norway impacted survivors’ ability to complete high school. Further, it aimed to identify important peri‐ and posttraumatic risk and protective factors. Interview data from the Utøya study, collected 4–5 months postterror, were linked to individual educational registry data for 265 survivors. Chi‐square tests and ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to examine (a) high school completion among younger survivors (n = 185, age range: 13–18 years, 52.4% female) compared to both older survivors (i.e., who had the possibility of completing high school before the terror attacks; n = 80, age range: 19–21 years, 40.0% female) and the national average and (b) associations between high school completion and physical injury, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), somatic symptoms, and social support among younger survivors. Younger survivors were significantly less likely to complete high school on time. Among younger adolescents, physical injury, aOR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.16, 0.81]; higher‐level PTSS, aOR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.33, 0.88]; and somatic symptoms, aOR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.29, 0.91], lowered the likelihood of on‐time completion. Terror exposure in adolescence adversely affects long‐term educational functioning in young survivors, which can severely hamper their future prospects. These findings reinforce the need for trauma‐sensitive teaching and educator‐provided support for adolescents exposed to trauma.
Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen and Immune Escape in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Morris Luc G.T. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives/HypothesisCancer cells evade recognition by the immune system to survive. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by high levels of immune infiltration and mutation‐associated neoantigens; therefore, immune evasion is likely to be an important mechanism in HNSCC tumorigenesis and progression. A commonly employed mechanism of immune evasion is downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumor cells. The objective of this study was to integrate multi‐dimensional genomic and transcriptomic data from HNSCC tumors to better understand the clinical and immunologic implications of HLA LOH.Study type/DesignCross‐sectional integrated clinical and genomic analysis.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing and RNA‐sequencing data from 522 tumors profiled in The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC cohort were analyzed and integrated with secondary analyses including immune cell deconvolution data. Associations were analyzed with categorical hypothesis testing and multivariable logistic and Cox regression.ResultsHLA LOH was a prevalent event that was identified in 53% of HNSCC tumors; in many cases, more than one class I HLA gene was targeted for LOH. HLA LOH was more common in advanced‐stage tumors. Tumors with somatic HLA LOH had tumor microenvironments defined by decreased lymphocyte and T cell infiltration.ConclusionsHLA LOH is one of the most prevalent genetic alterations in HNSCC, and is associated with a cold immune microenvironment, suggesting that HLA LOH is a means of immune evasion. It may have value as a predictive biomarker or potential as a cancer cell‐specific therapeutic target.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:160–165, 2024