bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of spatial sampling designs in estimating abundance and species richness of carabids at the landscape level
Authors: Thiele Jan , Schulte auf’m Erley Gunda , Glemnitz Michael , Gabriel Doreen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Context
Declining biodiversity in agricultural landscapes has increased the need for research and monitoring of insect abundance and diversity at the landscape level.

Objectives
We investigated the accuracy of different spatial sampling designs in estimating landscape-level abundance and species richness of carabids in agricultural landscapes and, further, which sample size per landscape section was required and whether dominating land use or landscape subdivision affected accuracy and required sample size.

Methods
We developed a simulation model that created raster maps of agricultural landscapes, compiled local carabid communities (species composition and abundances) within raster cells and simulated the sampling of carabids with pitfall traps using different spatial sampling designs and sample sizes between 4 and 49 sampling points per landscape section. Spatial sampling designs included random, systematic grid-based, stratified and clustered schemes.

Results
To estimate landscape-level abundance, area-proportional stratified random sampling was most accurate followed by systematic grid-based designs. A sample size of 25 appeared to be the best trade-off between accuracy and sampling cost. Accuracy was not affected substantially by landscape characteristics in most cases. With respect to species richness, all designs except for clustered sampling had comparable accuracies, but even 49 samples were not sufficient to detect 80% of the species.

Conclusion
Systematic grid-based designs are generally recommendable for sampling of carabids in agricultural landscapes and, in case a carabid-specific habitat classification is available, area-proportional stratified random sampling provides optimal accuracy for estimating landscape-level abundance. For assessment of species richness, large sample size is more important than spatial sampling design.
A projection continuation approach for minimal coordinate set constrained dynamics
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zanoni Andrea , Masarati Pierangelo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe formulation of constrained system dynamics using coordinate projection onto a subspace locally tangent to the constraint manifold is revisited using the QR factorization of the constraint Jacobian matrix to extract a suitable subspace and integrating the evolution of the QR factorization along with that of the constraint Jacobian matrix, as the solution evolves. A true continuation algorithm is thus proposed to track the evolution of the subspace of independent coordinates. It does not visibly affect the quality of the solution but avoids the artificial algorithmic irregularities or discontinuities in the generalized velocities that could otherwise result from arbitrary reparameterizations of the coordinate set. The characteristics of the proposed subspace evolution approach are exemplified by solving simple single- and multi-degree-of-freedom problems.
Frontal Changes of Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, between 1935 and 2022
Authors: Bhambri Rakesh , Sain Kalachand , Chand Pritam , Srivastava Deepak , Tiwari Sameer K. , Yadav Jairam Singh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gangotri Glacier is one of the most thoroughly investigated glaciers in the Indian Himalaya in terms of terminus monitoring. This study aims to update the frontal retreat of Gangotri Glacier between 1935 and 2022 using a large scale Geological Survey of India map, remote sensing images, and repeated photography. Gangotri Glacier's retreat rate varied significantly during the study period. This glacier receded by 1727 ± 51m (19.8 ± 0.2 m a-1) between 1935 and 2022. The retreat of Gangotri Glacier decreased from 2001 to 2006 (7.0 ± 4.0 m a-1) compared to the previous observation (1980–2001; 21.0 ± 1.2 m a-1) but increased about three times between 2006 and 2017 (21.9 ± 1.9 m a-1). Furthermore, from 2017 to 2022, the frontal retreat accelerated by about 1.5 times (33.8 ± 6.7 m a-1) compared to the period between 2006 and 2017. The findings of the present study are consistent with ground based survey conducted by the Geological Survey of India.
Impact of Aquifer Sediments - Minerals - Groundwater Interaction on Hydrochemistry, Aligarh District, Central Ganga Plain, India
Authors: Ahmad Sarfaraz , Arif M Ribie Bin , Ansari Mohd Uvaish , Islam Sharib , Ali Syed Ghufran 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The sedimentological/mineralogical characteristics of the aquifer material have been determined and their impact on groundwater chemistry is evaluated in the Aligarh district. It is found that 35 % of the aquifer is characterized by sand fraction containing (17-8) % of plagioclase and rock fragment (4-5%). Dominant aquifer material (silt and clay) fraction is dominated by plagioclase, K-feldspar, calcite, chlorite, kaolinite/mica, and halite. Spatial variation in relative positions and thickness of aquifer of silt, clay, and sandy layers resulting to particular hydro-chemical types. Major ions in groundwater shows a high degree of spatial variation along with multisource for the ions. Water quality index suggests that 22% of the water samples fall under the unsuitable category in the area characterized by aquifer material dominant with clay layers.
Groundwater types in the area are dominated by Na+–Cl– and Ca2+ – HCO3–, Ca+2 Mg+ – HCO3– Ca+2 Mg+2 – Cl– (mixed type). Silicate weathering, Carbonates, salt dissolution, and base ion exchange are the major mechanisms that control the major ionic composition of the groundwater. It is saturated with calcite, dolomite, chalcedony, and Mg-silicate (Sepiolite). The unstable Speiolite under climate conditions prevails in the region rapidly change to smectite clay, which constitutes a major clay mineral of Indo-Gangetic alluvium.
ANN (Artificial Neural Networking) analysis indicated that irrigation quality parameters Permeability Index (PI) and Na% are showing strong relation with selected parameters EC, and Na+ concentration. SAR values mostly depend on Na+, Mg+2 conc. and EC, while residual sodium carbonate (RSC) of groundwater can be predicted using Mg2+, HCO3–, and Ca2+ concentration in groundwater.
Exploring Geomorphic Features in Lower Sabarmati River Basin as Signatures of Palaeoenvironmental Change, Gujarat: A Remote Sensing Approach
Authors: Desai Nikul P. , Shukla Shital H. , Tandon Aashna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to unravel the role of geomorphic indicators and/or signatures to be used as evidence for palaeo-environmental changes and other forcing mechanisms from the lower reaches of the Sabarmati river basin, Gujarat, India region. In the present study, geomorphic features have been used as archives to debate the past land-sea interactions using satellite imagery. In the lower reaches of the Sabarmati river, a number of meanders, sinuosity changes, palaeochannels, and scroll plains have been identified. As a result of the rise and fall of the sea during the Holocene period, the changes in hydrodynamic and steady-state conditions of the river can be visualized in terms of changes in landforms. Thus, the intriguing geomorphic landforms in the lower portions of the Sabarmati basin delineate the likely archives and signs of previous environmental change, in particularly ~ the relative sea level change. This approach provides first-hand documentation of the fluvial evolution under the direct impact of the varying forcing mechanisms. This attempt shows the effectiveness of satellite images in unravelling the clues to past changes from the landscape in a fast and insightful manner.
Delineation of Paleochannel and Groundwater Resources in the Khari River Basin, Kachchh using Transient Electromagnetics
Authors: Nikam Rakesh , Kumar G. Pavan , Prasad A. Durga , Chaube Himanshu , Chopra Sumer 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The paleochannels are riverine geomorphic features, which are either buried or shifted due to tectonic, climate, and anthropogenic activities. In general, these channels serve as potential groundwater repositories, and their identification can help in developing potable groundwater sources. Here, the results of transient electromagnetic (TEM) study carried out near and around the Khari river basin of the tectonically active Kachchh intraplate region, western India are presented. The TEM investigations at 22 sites along three traverses have been carried out in the river basin that cut the present-day river channel and its presumed paleochannel. The geoelectric sections of the three profiles decipher information down to 300-350m and suggest a multilayer aquifer system. The sub-surface model infers a deeper confined aquifer at variable depths from 100-150m associated with the river as well as its paleochannel. The paleochannel aquifer is observed to be buried under 15-20m thick unconsolidated sediments that overlie a Mesozoic sandstone layer of the Bhuj Formation. The resistivity sections across the paleochannel suggest a relatively fresh aquifer layer with higher storage capacity. A vertical bedrock offset of 100-120m and the discontinuity of lithostratigraphic layers observed from the study suggest the dominant tectonic control in the formation of the paleochannel that correlated with the location of the reactivated splay of the Katrol Hill Fault.
Using Spatial Autocorrelation for the Hypsometric Integral to Differentiate Geology and Neotectonics: A Case Study in Bailongjiang Drainage Basin (Eastern Tibet Plateau)
Authors: Chang Zhiyang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hypsometric integral (HI) has been widely used in Geomorphology study as an index to depict the recent and active structures for its sensitivity to the influence of tectonic and different lithology. The traditional methods to study HI often use drainage basins, this may be dependent on basin geometry and drainage area. To avoid this influence, HIs using two digital elevation models of 30 and 90 m of pixels resolution were calculated in Bailongjiang basin. The relations between relief amplitude, mean elevation and HI are also analysed in different analytical window. Meanwhile, spatial pattern analysis using Global Moran’s index and Getis-Ord Gi* index was applied to measure the spatial autocorrelation of HI and the distribution of hot spots. It can be concluded that spatial distributions of HI do not show clear spatial patterns and correlation with mean elevation and relief amplitude. HI are independent of the resolution of DEM and lithology but are scale influenced. The hot spots define the upliftment of the region and active faults in the upstream of Bailongjiang basin, the cold spots define tectonic inactivity or subsidence in the downstream of Bailongjiang and some river valley regions.
Determination of Radon Concentration in Groundwater of Areekode Region, Kerala, India - A Case Study
Authors: Ravi H.R. , Sajan C.P. , Bapat Prasad N. , Madhukumar D.M. , Mokbel Ghalib Wadie Ahmed , Mansoor Almoliki Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The primary factors in the radiation exposure received by the human population from soil and water are natural radioactivity, uranium isotopes, and thorium isotopes. High levels of nuclear radiation exposure are now one of the leading causes of cancer. Radon and its offspring in the biosphere have long been the topic of research. Various experts from all over the world have undertaken several investigations on the quantity of radon in surface and groundwater supplies. An attempt was made to measure the levels of radon in groundwater in and around Areekode using a smart radon monitor (SRM) developed by the Baba Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai. Groundwater/Bore well water in this region had 222Rn in concentrations ranging from 0.37±0.03Bq/L to 3.53±0.10Bq/L. The environmental protection agency’s allowable limit of 11.1 kBq/m3 was met by all of the samples.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate Signalling in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Basic Science to Clinical Translation
Authors: Gaastra Ben , Zhang John , Tapper Will , Bulters Diederik , Galea Ian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is generated intracellularly and, when transported to the extracellular compartment, predominantly signals through S1P receptors. The S1P signalling pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). In this review, we bring together all the available data regarding the role of S1P in neurological injury following aSAH. There is agreement in the literature that S1P increases in the cerebrospinal fluid following aSAH and leads to cerebral artery vasospasm. On the other hand, the role of S1P in the parenchyma is less clear cut, with different studies arguing for beneficial and deleterious effects. A parsimonious interpretation of this apparently conflicting data is presented. We discuss the potential of S1P receptor modulators, in clinical use for multiple sclerosis, to be repurposed for aSAH. Finally, we highlight the gaps in our knowledge of S1P signalling in humans, the clinical challenges of targeting the S1P pathway after aSAH and other research priorities.
Qualitatively investigating factors contributing to poor health and influencing unhealthy behaviour uptake in deprived areas within the UK
Authors: Stockton James , Liu Steve , Halsall Jamie P. , Ndzogoue Nadege 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Understanding determinants affecting poor health outcomes and influencing unhealthy behaviours within deprived areas is becoming increasingly common. This study was to investigate the participants’ Healthy Eating and Active Living (HEAL) behaviours; their attitudes, thoughts and experiences and the association with the Social Ecological Model (SEM) which could influence health behaviours.

Method
Data collection occurred in Barnsley an area with high levels of deprivation and health disparities. Information was gathered 97 participants across focus groups and one-to-one interviews. Questions were formulated around HEAL and SEM and questioned origin and maintenance of modifiable behaviours affecting physical activity, diet, and long-term behaviour. Deductive Thematic Analysis (Braun and Clarke in Qual Res Sport Exercise Health 11(4), 589-597, 2019) was used to analyse data.

Findings
Three themes were identified: Diet and access to unhealthy options, mental health, and attitudes towards government interventions. SEM examined the effectiveness of community level interventions whilst considering the individual responsibility associated with HEAL.

Discussion
Within research area, attitudes towards HEAL are deeply impacting participants, many of these attitudes originate from childhood transferred from parents. This transference may explain why many deprived areas within England suffer from worse health outcomes, as inherited beliefs result in negative HEAL behavior manifesting in long term health problems. National interventions provided good information; but were hampered by a lack of effective dissemination to the general population. Local interventions often had more success in effectively engaging local people, but participants reported frequent shuttering of local interventions due to funding issues.
Attitudes towards diversity, equity, and inclusion across the CTSA Programs: Strong but not uniform support and commitment
Authors: Duong Jeffrey , McIntosh Scott , Attia Jacqueline , Michener J. Lloyd , Cottler Linda B. , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
This study describes attitudes towards diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) among members of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program. It also explores associations between program members’ roles and their perceived importance of and commitment to improving DEI and assesses the link between perceived importance of and commitment to improving DEI. Lastly, it ascertains barriers and priorities concerning health equity research, workforce development, CTSA consortium leadership, and clinical trials participation among respondents.

Methods:
A survey was administered to registrants of the virtual CTSA Program 2020 Fall Meeting. Respondents reported their roles, perceived importance of and commitment to improving DEI. Bivariate cross-tabulations and structural equation modeling examined associations between respondents’ roles, perceived importance of DEI, and commitment to improving DEI. Grounded theory was used to code and analyze open-ended questions.

Results:
Among 796 registrants, 231 individuals completed the survey. DEI was “extremely important” among 72.7 percent of respondents and lowest among UL1 PIs (66.7%). Being “extremely committed” to improving DEI was reported by 56.3 percent of respondents and lowest among “other staff” (49.6%). Perceived importance of DEI was positively associated with commitment to improve DEI. Institutional and CTSA Commitment, Support, and Prioritization of DEI represented a key theme for improving DEI among respondents.

Conclusion:
Clinical and translational science organizations must take bold steps to transform individual perceptions of DEI into commitment and commitment into action. Institutions must set visionary objectives spanning leadership, training, research, and clinical trials research to meet the promise and benefits of a diverse NIH-supported workforce.
The number of K-tons in the coupon collector problem
Authors: Saunders John C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConsider the coupon collector problem where each box of a brand of cereal contains a coupon and there are n different types of coupons. Suppose that the probability of a box containing a coupon of a specific type is
$1/n$
, and that we keep buying boxes until we collect at least m coupons of each type. For
$k\geq m$
call a certain coupon a k-ton if we see it k times by the time we have seen m copies of all of the coupons. Here we determine the asymptotic distribution of the number of k-tons after we have collected m copies of each coupon for any k in a restricted range, given any fixed m. We also determine the asymptotic joint probability distribution over such values of k, and the total number of coupons collected.
A review of ship collision risk assessment, hotspot detection and path planning for maritime traffic control in restricted waters
Authors: Yu Hongchu , Meng Qiang , Fang Zhixiang , Liu Jingxian , Xu Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe three research topics, ship collision risk assessment, ship traffic hotspot detection and prediction, and collision-avoidance based ship path planning, are vital for next-generation vessel traffic management and monitoring systems. The system development is closely related to big data analytics and artificial intelligence for restricted waters. This study, therefore, aims to analyse the state-of-the art of these three topics over the latest decade, identify research gaps, and shed light on future research avenues. To achieve these three objectives, we critically and systematically review related articles that were published during the period between 2011 and 2021. We believe that this comprehensive and critical literature review would have a significant and profound impact on the formal safety assessment and vessel traffic management, and monitoring studies because it is not only an extension but also an essential continuity work of the literature review on maritime waterway risk assessment and prediction, as well as ship path guidance for ship collision risk mitigation in accordance with current automation vessels development and modern intelligent port construction.
Transient Behavior and Interplay Between Seismic and Aseismic Deformation Near the Tip of a Creeping Segment: Insights From the Northern Jordan Valley Segment of the Dead Sea Fault
Authors: Hamiel Yariv , Piatibratova Oksana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransient aseismic deformation is observed using dense geodetic measurements across the northern Jordan Valley Fault (JVF) segment of the Dead Sea Fault (DSF). The fault was creeping until 2013 at a rate of 2.6 ± 0.3 mm/yr. It stopped creeping between 2013 and 2018 and then started creeping again at a similar rate. These transitions between the creep and locked modes of deformation correlate well with the 2013 and 2018 seismic sequences that occurred near the tip of the northern JVF creeping segment. The creep caused the accumulation of Coulomb stresses near the fault tip, which promoted earthquake nucleation in this region. The 2013 seismic sequence, with a maximum moment magnitude of 3.7, was probably too small to release these stresses, and they were released during the 2018 seismic sequence, with a maximum moment magnitude of 4.5, which allowed the fault to creep again. We suggest that seismic activity will continue to occur near the tip of the northern JVF creeping segment.
Everything Hits at Once: How Remote Rainfall Matters for the Prediction of the 2021 North American Heat Wave
Authors: Oertel A. , Pickl M. , Quinting J. F. , Hauser S. , Wandel J. , Magnusson L. , Balmaseda M. , Vitart F. , Grams C. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn June 2021, Western North America experienced an intense heat wave with unprecedented temperatures and far‐reaching socio‐economic consequences. Anomalous rainfall in the West Pacific triggers a cascade of weather events across the Pacific, which build up a high‐amplitude ridge over Canada and ultimately lead to the heat wave. We show that the response of the jet stream to diabatically enhanced ascending motion in extratropical cyclones represents a predictability barrier with regard to the heat wave magnitude. Therefore, probabilistic weather forecasts are only able to predict the extremity of the heat wave once the complex cascade of weather events is captured. Our results highlight the key role of the sequence of individual weather events in limiting the predictability of this extreme event. We therefore conclude that it is not sufficient to consider such rare events in isolation but it is essential to account for the whole cascade over different spatiotemporal scales.
Steady‐State Effective Normal Stress in Subduction Zones Based on Hydraulic Models and Implications for Shallow Slow Earthquakes
Authors: Kaneki Shunya , Noda Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe spatial distribution of effective normal stress, , is essential for understanding the fault motion. Although Rice (1992, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-6142(08)62835-1) proposed a steady‐state solution for a vertical strike‐slip fault zone with constant fluid properties, models that are based on the concept by Rice (1992, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-6142(08)62835-1) and are applicable for other tectonic settings have not yet been developed. Such a model is particularly important in subduction zones because the relationship between low and slow earthquakes is often discussed. To quantitatively examine the causes of a local decrease in on a shallow region of the subduction zone, we performed model calculations that incorporated mechanisms characteristic to subduction zones. Our basic model, which considers the effect of smectite dehydration and the mechanical effect of subduction, yields results that are consistent with those reported by Rice (1992, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-6142(08)62835-1): the gradient of remarkably decreases with the increase in depth, whereas the realistic fluid properties rule out nearly constant at depth. We obtained a monotonic increase in with the increase in depth for the physically sound solutions and failed to generate a local decrease in . The presence of a splay fault and fluid leakage though it cannot decrease locally. We found that a local decrease in permeability decreased locally around an impermeable zone and, thus, possibly led to the occurrence of shallow slow earthquakes. The water release caused by the dehydration reaction may not be the dominant factor, although smectite dehydration releases silica and promotes its precipitation.