bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress
Authors: Korres Nicholas E. , Norsworthy Jason K. , FitzSimons Toby , Roberts Trenton L. , Oosterhuis Derrick M. , Govindjee Govindjee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe evolution of secondary sex-specific traits of dioecious species under abiotic stress conditions has received limited research, especially in the case ofAmaranthus palmeri, a fast adapting and highly competing plant. Here, we have examined the interactive effects of abiotic stress on mineral accumulation, chlorophyllaandbcontent, and the operating capacity of Photosystem II (PSII) in both male and femaleA. palmeriplants grown under three different intensities of white light, and under N, K or P deficiency. Mineral profiling of the leaves and stems (with inflorescence) highlighted intra- and intersexual differences in their accumulation pattern and mineral associations. Chlorophyllaand chlorophyllbwere different between the male and the female plants, being slightly lower in the latter, at high light intensity towards maturity, or under K or P deficiency. Further, slight, although statistically significant differences were recorded in the chlorophylla/bratio, which was lower at the higher light intensity in the female, over that in the male, plants towards maturity. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, i.e., steady state and maximum fluorescence increased under high light intensity, whereas the PSII operating efficiency decreased in the female plants, indicating reduced PSII capacity. Sex-specific differences inA. palmerishowed a differential response to stressful conditions because of differences in their ontogeny and physiology, and possibly due to the cost of reproduction. We suggest that the breeding system of dioecious species has weaknesses that can be used for the ecological management of dioecious weeds without relying on the use of herbicides.
Seasonal and long-term dynamics in forest microclimate effects: global pattern and mechanism
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Su Yongxian , Liu Liyang , Wu Jianping , Huang Guangqing , Li Xueyan , Bi Chongyuan , Yan Wenting , Lafortezza Raffaele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough the biophysical effects of afforestation or deforestation on local climate are recognized, the biophysical consequences of seasonal and long-term dynamics in forests on understory microclimate, which creates microrefugia for forest organisms under global warming, remain less well understood. To fill this research gap, we combined a three-layered (i.e., canopy, forest air space and understory soil) land surface energy balance model and Intrinsic Biophysical Mechanism Model and quantify seasonal (warm minus cool seasons) and long-term changes (later minus former periods) in the biophysical effects of forest dynamics on understory air temperature (ΔTa) and soil surface temperature (ΔTs). We found that high latitudes forests show strongest negative seasonal variations in both ΔTa and ΔTs, followed by moderate latitudes forests. In contrast, low latitudes forests exhibit positive seasonal variations in ΔTa and weak negative seasonal variations in ΔTs. For the long-term variations, ΔTs increases systematically at all three latitudes. However, the situation differs greatly for ΔTs, with a weak increase at low and moderate latitudes, but a slight decrease at high latitudes. Overall, changes in sensible and latent heat fluxes induced by forest dynamics (such as leaf area index), by altering the aerodynamic resistances of canopy and soil surface layers, are the main factors driving changes in forest microclimate effects. In addition, this study also develops an aerodynamic resistance coefficient $${f}_{{\rm{r}}}^{1}$$

f

r

1

to combine the air temperature effects and surface soil temperature effects and proposes an indicator – ΔTSu, that is, $$\Delta {T}_{{\rm{Su}}}=\Delta {T}_{{\rm{s}}}+(\frac{1}{{f}_{{\rm{r}}}^{1}}-1)\Delta {T}_{{\rm{a}}}$$

Δ

T

Su

=
Δ

T

s

+

(

1

f

r

1

−
1

)

Δ

T

a

, as a possible benchmark for evaluating the total biophysical effects of forests on temperatures.
Impact of primary to secondary care data sharing on care quality in NHS England hospitals
Authors: Zhang Joe , Ashrafian Hutan , Delaney Brendan , Darzi Ara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHealth information exchange (HIE) is seen as a key component of effective care but remains poorly evidenced at a health system level. In the UK National Health Service (NHS), the ability to share primary care data with secondary care clinicians is a focus of continued digital investment. In this study, we report the evolution of interoperable technology across a period of rapid digital transformation in NHS England from 2015 to 2019, and test association of primary to secondary care data-sharing capabilities with clinical care quality indicators across all acute secondary care providers (n = 135 NHS Trusts). In multivariable analyses, data-sharing capabilities are associated with reduction in patients breaching an Accident & Emergency (A&E) 4-h decision time threshold, and better patient-reported experience of acute hospital care quality. Using synthetic control analyses, we estimate mean 2.271% (STD+/−3.371) absolute reduction in A&E 4-h decision time breach, 12 months following introduction of data-sharing capabilities. Our findings support current digital transformation programmes for developing regional HIE networks but highlight the need to focus on implementation factors in addition to technological procurement.
Task-residual effective connectivity of motor network in transient ischemic attack
Authors: Chu Truc , Lee Seonjin , Jung Il-Young , Song Youngkyu , Kim Hyun-Ah , Shin Jong Wook , Tak Sungho 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary episode of neurological dysfunction that results from focal brain ischemia. Although TIA symptoms are quickly resolved, patients with TIA have a high risk of stroke and persistent impairments in multiple domains of cognitive and motor functions. In this study, using spectral dynamic causal modeling, we investigate the changes in task-residual effective connectivity of patients with TIA during fist-closing movements. 28 healthy participants and 15 age-matched patients with TIA undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7T. Here we show that during visually cued motor movement, patients with TIA have significantly higher effective connectivity toward the ipsilateral primary motor cortex and lower connectivity to the supplementary motor area than healthy controls. Our results imply that TIA patients have aberrant connections among motor regions, and these changes may reflect the decreased efficiency of primary motor function and disrupted control of voluntary movement in patients with TIA.
Methylome evolution suggests lineage-dependent selection in the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Ailloud Florent , Gottschall Wilhelm , Suerbaum Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori, the leading cause of gastric cancer, is genetically highly diverse and harbours a large and variable portfolio of restriction-modification systems. Our understanding of the evolution and function of DNA methylation in bacteria is limited. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the methylome diversity in H. pylori, using a dataset of 541 genomes that included all known phylogeographic populations. The frequency of 96 methyltransferases and the abundance of their cognate recognition sequences were strongly influenced by phylogeographic structure and were inter-correlated, positively or negatively, for 20% of type II methyltransferases. Low density motifs were more likely to be affected by natural selection, as reflected by higher genomic instability and compositional bias. Importantly, direct correlation implied that methylation patterns can be actively enriched by positive selection and suggests that specific sites have important functions in methylation-dependent phenotypes. Finally, we identified lineage-specific selective pressures modulating the contraction and expansion of the motif ACGT, revealing that the genetic load of methylation could be dependent on local ecological factors. Taken together, natural selection may shape both the abundance and distribution of methyltransferases and their specific recognition sequences, likely permitting a fine-tuning of genome-encoded functions not achievable by genetic variation alone.
A catch bond mechanism with looped adhesive tethers for self-strengthening materials
Authors: Dansuk Kerim C. , Pal Subhadeep , Keten Sinan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe lifetime of chemical bonds shortens exponentially with force. Oddly, some protein-ligand complexes called catch bonds exhibit a sharp increase in lifetime when pulled with greater force. Inventing catch bond interfaces in synthetic materials would enable force-enhanced kinetics or self-strengthening under mechanical stress. Here, we present a molecular design that recapitulates catch bond behavior between nanoparticles tethered with macromolecules, consisting of one looped and one straight tether linking particles with weak adhesion. We calibrate the loop stiffness such that it opens around a target force to enable load-sharing among tethers, which facilitates a sequential to coordinated failure transition that reproduces experimental catch bond force-lifetime curve characteristics. We derive an analytical relation validated by molecular simulations to prove that loop and adhesion interactions can be tailored to achieve a spectrum of catch bond lifetime curves with this simple design. Our predictions break new ground towards designing tunable, catch-bond inspired self-strengthening materials.
Mesophotic foraminiferal-algal nodules play a role in the Red Sea carbonate budget
Authors: Bracchi Valentina Alice , Purkis Sam J. , Marchese Fabio , Nolan Megan K. B. , Terraneo Tullia Isotta , Vimercati Silvia , Chimienti Giovanni , Rodrigue Mattie , Eweida Ameer , Benzoni Francesca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring two scientific expeditions between 2020 and 2022, direct surveys led to the discovery of free-living mesophotic foraminiferal-algal nodules along the coast of the NEOM region (northern Saudi Arabian Red Sea) where they form an unexpected benthic ecosystem in mesophotic water depths on the continental shelf. Being mostly spheroidal, the nodules are transported en masse down slope, into the deep water of the basin, where they stop accreting. Radiometric dating informs that these nodules can be more than two thousand years old and that they collectively contribute up to 66 g m−2 year−1 to the mesophotic benthic carbonate budget and account for at least 980 megatons of calcium carbonate, a substantial contribution considering the depauperate production of carbonate by other means in this light-limited environment. Our findings advance the knowledge of mesophotic biodiversity and carbonate production, and provide data that will inform conservation policies in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea.
Levelling foods for priority micronutrient value can provide more meaningful environmental footprint comparisons
Authors: Katz-Rosene Ryan , Ortenzi Flaminia , McAuliffe Graham A. , Beal Ty 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA growing literature in Life Cycle Assessment seeks to better inform consumers, food policymakers, food supply chain actors, and other relevant stakeholders about how individual foods contribute to sustainable diets. One major challenge involves accurately capturing potential trade-offs between nutritional provision and environmental impacts associated with food production. In response, food system sustainability literature has turned increasingly to nutritional Life Cycle Assessment, which assesses the environmental footprints of different foods while accounting for nutritional value. Here we provide examples that show how environmental footprints based on a priority micronutrient-focused functional unit can provide nutritionally meaningful insights about the complexities involved in sustainable food systems. We reinforce the idea that there are limitations in using single-value nutrition-environment scores to inform food guidance, as they do not adequately capture the complex multi-dimensionality and variation involved in healthy and sustainable food systems. In our discussion we highlight the need for future agri-food sustainability assessments to pay attention to regional nutritional and environmental variation within and between commodities, and to better interpret trade-offs involved in food substitutions.
Tubular lysosome induction couples animal starvation to healthy aging
Authors: Villalobos Tatiana V. , Ghosh Bhaswati , DeLeo Kathryn R. , Alam Sanaa , Ricaurte-Perez Cristian , Wang Andrew , Mercola Brennan M. , Butsch Tyler J. , Ramos Cara D. , Das Suman , Eymard Eric D. , Bohnert K. Adam , Johnson Alyssa E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDietary restriction promotes longevity in several species via autophagy activation. However, changes to lysosomes underlying this effect remain unclear. Here using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that the induction of autophagic tubular lysosomes (TLs), which occurs upon dietary restriction or mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition, is a critical event linking reduced food intake to lifespan extension. We find that starvation induces TLs not only in affected individuals but also in well-fed descendants, and the presence of gut TLs in well-fed progeny is predictive of enhanced lifespan. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression of Drosophila small VCP-interacting protein, a TL activator in flies, artificially induces TLs in well-fed worms and improves C. elegans health in old age. These findings identify TLs as a new class of lysosomes that couples starvation to healthy aging.
Increase in the community circulation of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli despite reduction in antibiotic prescriptions
Authors: Tchesnokova Veronika , Larson Lydia , Basova Irina , Sledneva Yulia , Choudhury Debarati , Solyanik Thalia , Heng Jennifer , Bonilla Teresa Christina , Pham Sophia , Schartz Ellen M. , Madziwa Lawrence T. , Holden Erika , Weissman Scott J. , Ralston James D. , Sokurenko Evgeni V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Community circulating gut microbiota is the main reservoir for uropathogenic Escherichia coli, including those resistant to antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin had been the primary antibiotic prescribed for urinary tract infections, but its broad use has been discouraged and steadily declined since 2015. How this change in prescriptions affected the community circulation of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli is unknown.

Methods
We determined the frequency of isolation and other characteristics of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin in 515 and 1604 E. coli-positive fecal samples collected in 2015 and 2021, respectively. The samples were obtained from non-antibiotic-taking women of age 50+ receiving care in the Kaiser Permanente Washington healthcare system.

Results
Here we show that despite a nearly three-fold drop in the prescription of ciprofloxacin between 2015 and 2021, the rates of gut carriage of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli increased from 14.2 % to 19.8% (P = .004). This is driven by a significant increase of isolates from the pandemic multi-drug resistant clonal group ST1193 (1.7% to 4.2%; P = .009) and isolates with relatively few ciprofloxacin-resistance determining chromosomal mutations (2.3% to 7.4%; P = .00003). Though prevalence of isolates with the plasmid-associated ciprofloxacin resistance dropped (59.0% to 30.9%; P = 2.7E-06), the isolates co-resistance to third generation cephalosporins has increased from 14.1% to 31.5% (P = .002).

Conclusions
Despite reduction in ciprofloxacin prescriptions, community circulation of the resistant uropathogenic E. coli increased with a rise of co-resistance to third generation cephalosporins. Thus, to reduce the rates of urinary tract infections refractory to antibiotic treatment, greater focus should be on controlling the resistant bacteria in gut microbiota.
Deep learning in physical layer communications: Evolution and prospects in 5G and 6G networks
Authors: Mao Chengchen , Mu Zongwen , Liang Qilian , Schizas Ioannis , Pan Chenyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of the communication industry in the fifth generation and the advance towards the intelligent society of the sixth generation wireless networks, traditional methods are unable to meet the ever‐growing demands for higher data rates and improved quality of service. Deep learning (DL) has achieved unprecedented success in various fields such as computer vision, large language model processing, and speech recognition due to its powerful representation capabilities and computational convenience. It has also made significant progress in the communication field in meeting stringent demands and overcoming deficiencies in existing technologies. The main purpose of this article is to uncover the latest advancements in the field of DL‐based algorithm methods in the physical layer of wireless communication, introduce their potential applications in the next generation of communication mechanisms, and finally summarize the open research questions.
Fault‐tolerant DC‐DC converter interconnected with energy storage device for bipolar distribution system: Working modes and optimizing control strategy
Authors: Teng Baichuan , Ma Jianjun , Zhu Miao , Yang Yayu , Cai Xu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDC short‐circuit fault has become one of the major concerns in bipolar DC system operation under complicated conditions. Compared with conventional two‐port DC‐DC converter, fault‐tolerant DC‐DC converter with multiple external ports is evaluated as a preferential choice for high reliability, availability and flexibility required bipolar DC system due to its capability of fault reconfiguration. This article focuses on a type of fault‐tolerant DC‐DC converter interconnected with DC bus and integrated energy storage devices applied in bipolar DC system and theoretical analyses on transmitted power characteristics under bipolar mode and monopolar mode are also carried out in this article. For bipolar mode, the minimized‐peak‐current control strategy is proposed to reduce current stress on switching devices. As for monopolar mode and source‐port fault mode, the fault reconfiguration method and constant‐transmitted‐power control strategy are designed to eliminate fault impaction and achieve the constant transmitted power of output port connected with critical load, by means of power sharing between input port and normal output port or between the normal output ports. Furthermore, intersection of zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) operation area under different working modes is depicted with consideration of two optimizing control. Finally, the performance of the proposed fault reconfiguration method and optimizing control have been tested in PLECS environment and experimental prototype to verify the reliability and flexibility.
Non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensor
Authors: Agapito G. , Pinna E. , Esposito S. , Heritier C. T. , Oberti S. 
Published: August 2023

Context.The diffusion of adaptive optics systems in astronomical instrumentation for large ground-based telescopes is rapidly increasing and the pyramid wavefront sensor is replacing the Shack–Hartmann as the standard solution for single conjugate adaptive optics systems. The pyramid wavefront sensor is typically used with a tip-tilt modulation to increase the linearity range of the sensor, but the non-modulated case is interesting because it maximizes the sensor sensitivity. The latter case is generally avoided for the reduced linearity range that prevents robust operation in the presence of atmospheric turbulence.Aims.We aim to solve part of the issues of the non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensor by reducing the model error in the interaction matrix. We linearize the sensor response in the working conditions without extending the sensor linearity range.Methods.We developed a new calibration approach to model the response of pyramid wave front sensor in partial correction, whereby the working conditions in the presence of residual turbulence are considered.Results.We use in simulations to show how the new calibration approach allows for the pyramid wave front sensor without modulation to be used to sense and correct atmospheric turbulence and we discuss when this case is preferable over the modulated case.
A Long-Standing Case of Venous Leg Ulcer Treated with Constitutional Homoeopathic Medicine: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Ajay Kumar , Rath Prasanta , Das Kapil , Tiwari Anil Kumar , Sharma Monika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVenous leg ulcers, also called varicose or stasis ulcers, are a result of damage to the valves in the veins of the legs, which increases venous pressure. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a well-known factor that contributes to the emergence of venous leg ulcer. Blood reflux, obstruction, or a combination of both mechanisms may result in CVI and lead to macro- and microcirculatory dysfunction. The primary risk factors for venous ulcer development are older age, obesity, previous leg injuries, deep venous thrombosis and phlebitis.A 57-year-old patient, with a pre-diagnosed case of venous leg ulcer, presented to the outpatient department of National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, with complaints of swelling and multiple ulcers in both legs. The ulcers were shallow and irregular in shape and presented with itching and persistent sticky discharge. The leg ulcer completely healed within two and half months of duration with Graphites 30/4 doses, which were given as a constitutional homoeopathic medicine. The outcome assessment of this case was done by using the Modified Naranjo Criteria (MONARCH) inventory. This case study suggests homoeopathic treatment as a promising complementary or alternative therapy, emphasising the significance of repertorisation in constitutional homoeopathic prescription for the management of ulcers.
Mast Cells in Surface Hemangiomas
Authors: Thomas Joseph , Koshy Cherian M. , Nair K. Ramakrishnan 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThirty five patients of surface hemangioma within the age group one month to sixty-five years were studied for the presence of mast cells in them by using special stains. It was found that lesions with an increase in the number of mast cells showed a tendency for spontaneous involution.
Corporate social responsibility in the global value chain: A bargaining perspective
Authors: Asmussen Christian Geisler , Fosfuri Andrea , Larsen Marcus Møller , Santangelo Grazia D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBreaches of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in global value chains (GVCs) pose a managerial challenge for multinational enterprises (MNEs) and threaten both their reputations and global sustainability. While an MNE-centric perspective on these issues has dominated existing international business research, we show that a dynamic view of bargaining among actors in the GVC can yield novel insights. We draw on coalitional game theory and develop a model where an MNE collaborates, monitors, and negotiates prices with a supplier whose CSR breaches may be revealed by the MNE, external agents, or remain hidden. Our model illustrates how MNEs may face a hold-up problem when irresponsible actions by suppliers are made public, and the suppliers have the power to engage in opportunistic renegotiation. Interestingly, we show that greater monitoring by MNEs, if not combined with specific strategies, can have negative consequences by weakening the MNE’s bargaining position and, in some cases, even prompting more irresponsible actions by the suppliers. Our model advances international business research on GVC sustainability and has important implications for managers and researchers alike.