bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Unsupervised Machine Learning-based Algorithm for Detecting Weak Impulsive Narrowband Quiet Sun Emissions and Characterizing Their Morphology
Authors: Bawaji Shabbir , Alam Ujjaini , Mondal Surajit , Oberoi Divya , Biswas Ayan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The solar corona is extremely dynamic. Every leap in observational capabilities has been accompanied by unexpected revelations of complex dynamic processes. The ever more sensitive instruments now allow us to probe events with increasingly weaker energetics. A recent leap in the low-frequency radio solar imaging ability has led to the discovery of a new class of emissions, namely weak impulsive narrowband quiet Sun emissions (WINQSEs). They are hypothesized to be the radio signatures of coronal nanoflares and could potentially have a bearing on the long standing coronal heating problem. In view of the significance of this discovery, this work has been followed up by multiple independent studies. These include detecting WINQSEs in multiple data sets, using independent detection techniques and software pipelines, and looking for their counterparts at other wavelengths. This work focuses on investigating morphological properties of WINQSEs and also improves upon the methodology used for detecting WINQSEs in earlier works. We present a machine learning-based algorithm to detect WINQSEs, classify them based on their morphology, and model the isolated ones using 2D Gaussians. We subject multiple data sets to this algorithm to test its veracity. Interestingly, despite the expectations of their arising from intrinsically compact sources, WINQSEs tend to be resolved in our observations. We propose that this angular broadening arises due to coronal scattering. Hence, WINQSEs can provide ubiquitous and ever-present diagnostic of coronal scattering (and, in turn, coronal turbulence) in the quiet Sun regions, which has not been possible until date.
Type Ia Supernova Nucleosynthesis: Metallicity-dependent Yields
Authors: Keegans James D. , Pignatari Marco , Stancliffe Richard J. , Travaglio Claudia , Jones Samuel , Gibson Brad K. , Townsley Dean M. , Miles Broxton J. , Shen Ken J. , Few Gareth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Type Ia supernova explosions (SN Ia) are fundamental sources of elements for the chemical evolution of galaxies. They efficiently produce intermediate-mass (with Z between 11 and 20) and iron group elements—for example, about 70% of the solar iron is expected to be made by SN Ia. In this work, we calculate complete abundance yields for 39 models of SN Ia explosions, based on three progenitors—a 1.4 M
⊙ deflagration detonation model, a 1.0 M
⊙ double detonation model, and a 0.8 M
⊙ double detonation model—and 13 metallicities, with 22Ne mass fractions of 0, 1 × 10−7, 1 × 10−6, 1 × 10−5, 1 × 10−4, 1 × 10−3, 2 × 10−3, 5 × 10−3, 1 × 10−2, 1.4 × 10−2, 5 × 10−2, and 0.1, respectively. Nucleosynthesis calculations are done using the NuGrid suite of codes, using a consistent nuclear reaction network between the models. Complete tables with yields and production factors are provided online at Zenodo:Yields (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060323). We discuss the main properties of our yields in light of the present understanding of SN Ia nucleosynthesis, depending on different progenitor mass and composition. Finally, we compare our results with a number of relevant models from the literature.
A CEERS Discovery of an Accreting Supermassive Black Hole 570 Myr after the Big Bang: Identifying a Progenitor of Massive z > 6 Quasars
Authors: Larson Rebecca L. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Kocevski Dale D. , Hutchison Taylor A. , Trump Jonathan R. , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Bromm Volker , Cleri Nikko J. , Dickinson Mark , Fujimoto Seiji , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Papovich Casey , Pirzkal Nor , Tacchella Sandro , Zavala Jorge A. , Bagley Micaela , Behroozi Peter , Champagne Jaclyn B. , Cole Justin W. , Jung Intae , Morales Alexa M. , Yang Guang , Zhang Haowen , Zitrin Adi , Amorín Ricardo O. , Burgarella Denis , Casey Caitlin M. , Chávez Ortiz Óscar A. , Cox Isabella G. , Chworowsky Katherine , Fontana Adriano , Gawiser Eric , Grazian Andrea , Grogin Norman A. , Harish Santosh , Hathi Nimish P. , Hirschmann Michaela , Holwerda Benne W. , Juneau Stéphanie , Leung Gene C. K. , Lucas Ray A. , McGrath Elizabeth J. , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Rigby Jane R. , Seillé Lise-Marie , Simons Raymond C. , de la Vega Alexander , Weiner Benjamin J. , Wilkins Stephen M. , Yung L. Y. Aaron ,   and The CEERS Team
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We report the discovery of an accreting supermassive black hole at z = 8.679. This galaxy, denoted here as CEERS_1019, was previously discovered as a Lyα-break galaxy by Hubble with a Lyα redshift from Keck. As part of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey, we have observed this source with JWST/NIRSpec, MIRI, NIRCam, and NIRCam/WFSS and uncovered a plethora of emission lines. The Hβ line is best fit by a narrow plus a broad component, where the latter is measured at 2.5σ with an FWHM ∼1200 km s−1. We conclude this originates in the broadline region of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). This is supported by the presence of weak high-ionization lines (N V, N IV], and C III]), as well as a spatial point-source component. The implied mass of the black hole (BH) is log (M
BH/M
⊙) = 6.95 ± 0.37, and we estimate that it is accreting at 1.2 ± 0.5 times the Eddington limit. The 1–8 μm photometric spectral energy distribution shows a continuum dominated by starlight and constrains the host galaxy to be massive (log M/M⊙ ∼9.5) and highly star-forming (star formation rate, or SFR ∼ 30 M⊙ yr−1; log sSFR ∼ − 7.9 yr−1). The line ratios show that the gas is metal-poor (Z/Z
⊙ ∼ 0.1), dense (n

e
∼ 103 cm−3), and highly ionized (log U ∼ − 2.1). We use this present highest-redshift AGN discovery to place constraints on BH seeding models and find that a combination of either super-Eddington accretion from stellar seeds or Eddington accretion from very massive BH seeds is required to form this object.
First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH)
Authors: Rivilla Víctor M. , Sanz-Novo Miguel , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Colzi Laura , Zeng Shaoshan , Megías Andrés , López-Gallifa Álvaro , Martínez-Henares Antonio , Massalkhi Sarah , Tercero Belén , de Vicente Pablo , Martín Sergio , Andrés David San , Requena-Torres Miguel A. , Alonso José Luis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We report the first detection in the interstellar medium (ISM) of a C2H5O2N isomer: syn-glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH). The exquisite sensitivity at sub-mK levels of an ultradeep spectral survey carried out with the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes toward the G+0.693–0.027 molecular cloud has allowed us to unambiguously identify multiple transitions of this species. We derived a column density of (7.4 ± 0.7) × 1012 cm−2, which implies a molecular abundance with respect to H2 of 5.5 × 10−11. The other C2H5O2N isomers, including the higher-energy anti conformer of glycolamide and two conformers of glycine, were not detected. The upper limit derived for the abundance of glycine indicates that this amino acid is surely less abundant than its isomer glycolamide in the ISM. The abundances of the C2H5O2N isomers cannot be explained in terms of thermodynamic equilibrium; thus, chemical kinetics need to be invoked. While the low abundance of glycine might not be surprising, based on the relative low abundances of acids in the ISM compared to other compounds (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, or amines), several chemical pathways can favor the formation of its isomer glycolamide. It can be formed through radical–radical reactions on the surface of dust grains. The abundances of these radicals can be significantly boosted in an environment affected by a strong ultraviolet field induced by cosmic rays, such as that expected in G+0.693–0.027. Therefore, as shown by several recent molecular detections toward this molecular cloud, it stands out as the best target to discover new species with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen with increasing chemical complexity.
Outflowing Helium from a Mature Mini-Neptune
Authors: Zhang Michael , Dai Fei , Bean Jacob L. , Knutson Heather A. , Rescigno Federica 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We announce the detection of escaping helium from TOI 2134b, a mini-Neptune a few gigayears old. The average in-transit absorption spectrum shows a peak of 0.37% ± 0.05% and an equivalent width of W
avg = 3.3 ± 0.3 mÅ. Among all planets with helium detections, TOI 2134b is the only mature mini-Neptune, has the smallest helium signal, and experiences the lowest X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) flux. Putting TOI 2134b in the context of all other helium detections, we report the detection of a strong (p = 3.0 × 10−5) and theoretically expected correlation between F
XUV/ρ
XUV (proportional to the energy-limited mass-loss rate) and R
*
W
avg (roughly proportional to the observationally inferred mass-loss rate). Here W
avg is the equivalent width of the helium absorption, and ρ
XUV is the density of the planet within the XUV photosphere, but the correlation is similarly strong if we use the optical photosphere. Having the lowest value on both axes, TOI 2134b anchors the relation. We encourage further observations to fill in the missing regions of this parameter space and improve estimates of F
XUV.
First Results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: Benchmark Comparison of Optical and Mid-infrared Tracers of a Dusty, Ionized Red Quasar Wind at z = 0.435
Authors: Rupke David S. N. , Wylezalek Dominika , Zakamska Nadia L. , Veilleux Sylvain , Bertemes Caroline , Ishikawa Yuzo , Liu Weizhe , Sankar Swetha , Vayner Andrey , Grace Lim Hui Xian , McCrory Ryan , Murphree Grey , Whitesell Lillian , Shen Lu , Liu Guilin , Barrera-Ballesteros Jorge K. , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Diachenko Nadiia , Goulding Andy D. , Greene Jenny E. , Hainline Kevin N. , Hamann Fred , Heckman Timothy , Johnson Sean D. , Lutz Dieter , Lützgendorf Nora , Mainieri Vincenzo , Nesvadba Nicole P. H. , Ogle Patrick , Sturm Eckhard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The [O iii] 5007 Å emission line is the most common tracer of warm, ionized outflows in active galactic nuclei across cosmic time. JWST newly allows us to use mid-IR spectral features at both high spatial and spectral resolution to probe these same winds. Here we present a comparison of ground-based, seeing-limited [O iii] and space-based, diffraction-limited [S iv] 10.51 μm maps of the powerful, kiloparsec-scale outflow in the Type 1 red quasar SDSS J110648.32+480712.3. The JWST data are from the Mid-InfraRed Instrument. There is a close match in resolution between the data sets (∼0.″6), in ionization potential of the O+2 and S+3 ions (35 eV) and in line sensitivity (1–2 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2). The [O iii] and [S iv] line shapes match in velocity and line width over much of the 20 kpc outflowing nebula, and [S iv] is the brightest line in the rest-frame 3.5–19.5 μm range, demonstrating its usefulness as a mid-IR probe of quasar outflows. [O iii] is nevertheless intrinsically brighter and provides better contrast with the point-source continuum, which is strong in the mid-IR. There is a strong anticorrelation of [O iii]/[S iv] with average velocity, which is consistent with a scenario of differential obscuration between the approaching (blueshifted) and receding (redshifted) sides of the flow. The dust in the wind may also obscure the central quasar, consistent with models that attribute red quasar extinction to dusty winds.
Comparative Evaluation of Intravenous Tramadol and Dexmedetomidine for Treatment of Shivering after Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Choudhury Siddhanta , Panda Bimal Krushna , Pradhan Diptimayee , Padhi Neha , Soren Dulal Kishun , Seth Debjani 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Intraoperative shivering is a common complication in neuraxial anesthesia, with an incidence of 40%–50%. Shivering is an uncomfortable experience for the patient. It has many severe effects, such as increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, causing arterial hypoxia and myocardial ischemia. It contributes to delayed wound healing and late discharge from postanesthetic care. Our study aimed at a comparative evaluation of intravenous (IV) tramadol and dexmedetomidine to treat shivering after spinal anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:
The present work was a randomized, prospective, double-blinded study conducted at VIMSAR, Burla. One hundred patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Grades I and II (18–65 years of age), posted for various surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia who developed shivering, were included. After randomization, they were grouped into two groups (50 patients each). Injection dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) in Group D and injection tramadol (1 mg/kg) in Group T were given as a slow IV bolus. Grade and time taken for the onset of shivering were recorded after the spinal anesthesia. Time for cessation of shivering after IV bolus, recurrence of shivering, response rate, hemodynamic and side effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, sedation, and vomiting were analyzed.

Results:
Cessation of shivering was achieved earlier in Group D (3.04±0.94) than in Group T (6.62±1.49). The response rate was 100% in both groups. Vomiting and nausea were very high in Group T (30%). Twenty percent of patients were sedated with a sedation score of 2 in Group D only. A recurrence of shivering was observed in Group T (24%), requiring a repeat dose administration.

Conclusion:
Both tramadol and dexmedetomidine are effective in controlling shivering, but the time taken for cessation of shivering and adverse effects observed in the case of dexmedetomidine were lesser. Dexmedetomidine also provided complete cessation of shivering.
Diagnosis and treatment of female alopecia: Focusing on the iron deficiency-related alopecia
Authors: Lin Chia-Shuen , Chan Li-Yi , Wang Jen-Hung , Chang Chung-Hsing 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTObjectives:Alopecia is a soft but meaningful complaint affecting women’s physical and psychological health. Female alopecia (FA) has diverse etiologies. Nonetheless, FA is stereotyped as female pattern hair loss, also known as female androgenetic alopecia, and has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to identify the etiologies of FA at a tertiary medical center in Eastern Taiwan.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study enrolled female patients with hair loss who visited the dermatology department of (blinded information). A complete history taking was obtained, including the onset and duration of alopecia, menstruation, gynecologic diseases, psychological stress, underlying diseases, vaccination, and dietary habits, etc., Blood tests were performed, including hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, Zn, autoimmune and thyroid profiles, etc., Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as serum ferritin level <60 ng/mL. The hair condition, ferritin, and Hb levels were monitored every 3 months after supplementation.Results:A total of 155 patients were recruited. The etiologies of FA were diverse; the top five etiologies were nutrient deficiencies (83.9%), autoimmune (14.8%) and thyroid (7.7%) diseases, psychological stress (12.3%), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination (6.5%). ID accounted for 70.3% of cases. The disease duration was an important prognostic factor for the improvement of serum ferritin. Patients with subjective improvement of hair regrowth also had more increase of ferritin levels after iron supplementation. The corresponding ferritin level for female anemia (Hb: 12.0 g/dL) was 5.1 ng/mL, lower than the adequate level for hair growth (40–60 ng/mL), the corresponding Hb level of which was 13.1–13.8 g/dL.Conclusion:The causes of FA varied, including nutrient deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, psychological stress, thyroid diseases, and COVID-19 vaccination, etc., Therefore, a complete survey before treatment is essential. Seventy percentage of FA cases were ID-FA. We suggest to redefine the serum ferritin level ≥60 ng/mL, with the corresponding Hb ≥13.0 g/dL as the normal range for early diagnosis. Initiation of iron supplementation within 6 months would result in a better prognosis.
A design study for an Italian fifth grade class following Davydov traces
Authors: Tortora Roberto , Mellone Maria 
Published: August 2023

We present a design study developed in an Italian school. Taking inspiration from the work of the Russian psychologist V. V. Davydov, we have reformulated some activities of his curriculum for the first grade, in order to adapt them to a didactic project for a fifth grade class. In the paper we firstly expose our theoretical assumptions and the hypotheses that stand at the roots of the project. Then, after a brief description of the entire educational path, we present some excerpts of it in order to analyse the processes by which the pupils give sense to algebraic language. Finally we argue that Davydov's ideas anticipate the claims of Early Algebra, nowadays very popular within the research community.
Role of passive and active myostimulation for the changing levels of some cytokines
Authors: Ahmetyanov Rustam R. , Davydovа Evgenia V. , Sabiryanov Artur R. , Shcherbakova Irina L. 
Published: August 2023

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint is complicated by development of arthrogenic muscle inhibition due to disregulating afferent influences on the excitability of the spinal and supraspinal tracts. The aim of our work was to study electromyography parameters, and myokine levels in the course of myostimulation in traumatic ACL injury.
28 male athletes with traumatic ACL injuries participated in the study. On admission to the clinic, all patients underwent electromyographic examination of the injured limb by the means of Viking Quest EMG/ EP apparatus (Nicolet, USA). Some patients, 10 days before starting the surgical treatment, underwent passive electrical myostimulation (EMS) of the quadriceps femoris muscle using the INTELECT Advanced device (Chattanooga (DJO), USA). Further on, all patients underwent arthroplasty using a Karl Storz arthroscope (Germany). In the postoperative period, during immobilization for 2-weeks, the patients received EMS. After removing the orthosis, the patients switched to active training. The cytokine levels were studied using ELISA reagent kits from Vector-Best, Novosibirsk (IL-6), or from Cloud-Clone Corp. (China) for TGF1assays. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Statistica package. vers.10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).
The highest average amplitude (V) was recorded by electromyography in healthy individuals. In patients of the main group, significantly lower values of the average amplitude were recorded. After a 10-day EMS, a significant increase to the reference values of healthy individuals was noted. In the postsurgical dynamics, EMG indicators without EMS treatment remained at the same low levels. Meanwhile, the values following EMS treatment were comparable with those in healthy individuals, thus reflecting a faster and better muscle recovery after injury. The levels of IL-6 and TGF-1 cytokines (myokines) significantly exceeded the initial levels in the course of EMS. The biological significance of increased IL-6 levels during the muscle exercise may consist the activation of AMP kinase and/or phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase at the level of skeletal muscles thus providing more efficient supply of energy substrate to the muscles. TGF-1 promotes fibroblast proliferation, thus increasing collagen content.
Passive and active EMS leads to an improvement in electromyography parameters, along with increased concentration of myokines (IL-6 and TGF-1) in peripheral blood, thus promoting improvement of energy balance, increasing the anti-inflammatory and repair potential of the damaged tissues.
Torus Actions on Quotients of Affine Spaces
Authors: Brecan Ana-Maria , Franzen Hans 
Published: August 2023

We study the locus of fixed points of a torus action on a GIT quotient of a complex vector space by a reductive complex algebraic group which acts linearly. We show that, under the assumption that $G$ acts freely on the stable locus, the components of the fixed point locus are again GIT quotients of linear subspaces by Levi subgroups.Comment: 19 pages, comments are welcome; v2: Eliminated an assumption in the main result, expanded applications section; v3: Final version
Investigation of the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Capital Structure in Insurance Companies with Panel Regression Analysis
Authors: ERTUĞRUL Ayşegül 
Published: August 2023

Corporate governance principles in a company consist of fairness, transparency, accountability
and responsibility. Companies with fully implemented corporate governance principles are expected
to reduce costs and increase corporate value. It is believed that increasing corporate value can be achieved
by minimizing the cost of capital. When examined from these aspects, the value of the enterprise
can be increased by reducing capital costs with corporate governance principles in this study, the
relationship between the corporate governance of insurance companies and their capital structures
has been examined. Financial indicators of insurance companies traded in Borsa Istanbul from 2014
to 2021 are used as data. The financial leverage ratio (total debt/total assets) is considered as the dependent
variable and the proportion of foreign members, the proportion of female members, and the
proportion of independent members as dependent variables are considered as independent variables
in the study. Panel regression analysis was applied as the evaluation method, and it was seen that the
ratios of foreign members, independent members and female members positively affected the capital
structure. It has also been observed that the variable that most influences the capital structure is the
proportion of foreign members.
Análisis de ventaja competitiva y comparativa del cacao ecuatoriano frente a países de la región
Authors: Morocho Gia Gabriela , Miranda Chavez Bagner  Anthony , Barba Mendoza Valeria Valentina , Ramon Guanuche Ronald Eugenio 
Published: August 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolla con el propósito de analizar la producción del cacao ecuatoriano, con base en el modelo de ventaja competitiva y comparativa, frente a países de la región. La riqueza natural que posee el Ecuador aporta de forma significativa al logro de la ventaja comparativa, debido a que permite que los sistemas de producción se adapten y desarrollen oportunamente, fortaleciendo la calidad, así como la óptima producción. Por consiguiente, este producto primario prevalece ante la variedad existente en el mercado internacional debido a las propiedades organolépticas que lo componen y al cumplimiento de los requerimientos nutricionales de los consumidores, produciendo así una ventaja competitiva. La metodología adoptada para el cumplimiento del objetivo planteado, parte de un enfoque cualitativo, la recopilación de la información es de tipo analítica desarrollada mediante revisión bibliográfica en fuentes de investigación válidas según el objeto de estudio. El análisis del sector cacaotero ecuatoriano forma parte del proceso de investigación desarrollada como parte del proyecto denominado, “Dirección Estratégica para la construcción de la competitividad en las organizaciones del sector cacaotero de la provincia de El Oro”, sus resultados muestran cómo, la ubicación geográfica de sus tierras, factores socioculturales, y buenas prácticas agrícolas garantizan calidad, protección del medio ambiente y la salud de los consumidores, abriendo pasó a nuevos mercados; nuestro país cubre considerablemente la demanda mundial del cacao fino de aroma reflejando su liderazgo en la producción a nivel internacional, sin embargo, aún existe la necesidad de mejorar sus procesos productivos.