bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full f and
δf
gyrokinetic particle simulations of Alfvén waves and energetic particle physics
Authors: Lu Zhixin , Meng Guo , Hatzky Roman , Hoelzl Matthias , Lauber Philipp 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, we focus on the development of the particle-in-cell scheme and its application to the studies of Alfvén waves and energetic particle (EP) physics in tokamak plasmas. The

δ
f

and full f schemes are formulated on the same footing adopting mixed variables and the pullback scheme for electromagnetic problems. The TRIMEG-GKX code (Lu et al 2021 J. Comput. Phys.
440 110384) has been upgraded using cubic spline finite elements and full f and

δ
f

schemes. The toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) driven by EPs has been simulated for the International Tokamak Physics activity (ITPA)-TAE case featured by a small electron skin depth

∼

1.18
×

10

−
3

m

, which is a challenging parameter regime for electromagnetic simulations, especially for the full f model. The simulation results using the

δ
f

scheme are in good agreement with previous work. Excellent performance of the mixed variable/pullback scheme has been observed for both full f and

δ
f

schemes. Simulations with mixed full f EPs and

δ
f

electrons and thermal ions demonstrate the good features of this novel scheme in mitigating the noise level. The full f scheme is a natural choice for EP physics studies, which allows for large variations of EP profiles and distributions in velocity space, providing a powerful tool for kinetic studies using realistic experimental distributions related to intermittent and transient plasma activities.
Small-scale clumping of dark matter and the mean free path of ionizing photons at z = 6
Authors: Cain Christopher , D'Aloisio Anson , Iršič Vid , Gangolli Nakul , Dhami Sanya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recently, the mean free path of ionizing photons in the z = 6 intergalactic medium (IGM) was measured to be very short, presenting a challenge to existing reionization models. At face value, the measurement can be interpreted as evidence that the IGM clumps on scales M ≲ 108
M
⊙, a key but largely untested prediction of the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. Motivated by this possibility, we study the role that the underlying dark matter cosmology plays in setting the z > 5 mean free path. We use two classes of models to contrast against the standard CDM prediction: (1) thermal relic warm dark matter (WDM), representing models with suppressed small-scale power; (2) an ultralight axion exhibiting a white noise-like power enhancement. Differences in the mean free path between the WDM and CDM models are subdued by pressure smoothing and the possible contribution of neutral islands to the IGM opacity. For example, comparing late reionization scenarios with a fixed volume-weighted mean neutral fraction of 20% at z = 6, the mean free path is 19 (45)% longer in a WDM model with mx
= 3 (1) keV. The enhanced power in the axion-like model produces better agreement with the short mean free path measured at z = 6. However, drawing robust conclusions about cosmology is hampered by large uncertainties in the reionization process, extragalactic ionizing background, and thermal history of the Universe. This work highlights some key open questions about the IGM opacity during reionization.
Gas gain measurement for charged particle spectroscopy using glass GEM in low-pressure P-10 gas
Authors: Unno Y. , Fujiwara T. , Kishimoto Y. , Sanami T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A glass gas electron multiplier (GEM) was tested to evaluate performance for charged particle spectroscopy in a gas chamber. The test was done with varying low-pressure Ar/CH4 mixture gas (9:1, P-10) for evaluation of effective electron multiplication gain (gas gain) with the relationship between supplied voltage to GEM (GEM ΔV), energy and timing resolution of signals. The GEM ΔV is parameterized as a function of gas gain and pressure from experimental results. The signal-to-noise ratio on the anode signal was significantly improved due to electron multiplication by the glass GEM in comparison with traditional grid gas ionization chamber. A test using Ar/CO2 mixture gas (9:1) shows that GEM ΔV is successfully reduced with keeping gas gain and energy resolution comparable. Time difference between anode and cathode signals behaves reasonably with drift time of initial electrons. We conclude that charged particle spectrometer using glass GEM can be designed by using obtained parameter. The spectrometer is useful especially for low energy charged particle due to the gas gain.
Detection of fast neutrons with the pixel detector Timepix3
Authors: Granja C. , Uhlar R. , Chuprakov I. , Alexa P. , Sansarbayar E. , Gledenov Y.M. , Poklop D. , Olsansky V. , Marek L. , Vuolo M. , Pacik J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We examined the response of the pixel detector Timepix3 with silicon sensor to well-defined fast neutron fields. Part of the pixel detector silicon sensor was additionally equipped with a neutron mask of distinct converter regions. The mask consists of separate thermal and fast neutron regions using 6LiF and hydrogen (plastic) converters, respectively. Measurements were performed with mono-energetic fast neutrons produced at D-D and D-T sources from a Van de Graaff accelerator and a neutron generator, respectively. Data were collected with low background including measurements with moderator material to provide a thermalized neutron component. All the signals produced in the detector were analyzed and decomposed in terms of the spectral-tracking response of the pixel detector. The effect of the fast and thermal components of the neutron converter were determined and compared with direct interactions in the silicon sensor which are significant and can be dominant for fast neutrons. We identify and classify the neutron-induced tracks in terms of the broad-type particle-event track classes. A partial overlap is unavoidable with tracks from direct detection of other radiations in particular protons and low-energy light ions as well as X rays. This will limit the neutron-event discrimination in mixed-radiation fields. The detection response according sensor-mask region was examined and calibrated for the investigated neutron fields. The neutron detection efficiency is selectively derived for the detector particle-event classes. This approach enables to enhance the neutron-discrimination and suppress background and unwanted events. This work enables to extend the response matrix of the detector for broad-type radiations to include neutrons both fast and thermal. The results serve to enhance the sensitivity and determine the neutron component in unknown and mixed-radiation fields such as outer space and particle radiotherapy environments.
Interaction of a tubular charged-particle beam with eigenwaves of a plasma solid-state cylinder located in strong longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Averkov Yu O , Prokopenko Yu V , Yakovenko V M 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn electrodynamic system in which a magnetized tubular electron beam blows around a cylindrical solid-state plasma waveguide located coaxially in a longitudinal magnetic field is theoretically studied. It has been established, when quasi-stationary conditions are satisfied, hybrid bulk-surface or surface electromagnetic waves of helicon origin are excited in the waveguide. The waveguide eigenwaves are excited by the space-charge field of beam with matching of the longitudinal spectral components of electric field. It is noted that helicons and waves of their nature are formed in a conducting plasma medium in the assistance of an external magnetic field. It is shown the instability of coupled waves of the electrodynamic system is due to the Vavilov–Cherenkov effect.
Proposal for D0-brane anti-D0-brane action
Authors: Klusoň J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We propose an action for the D0-brane anti-D0-brane system that has its exact solution corresponding to the marginal tachyon profile defined for arbitrary constant separation of these D-branes. We also find its covariant formulation and generalization to higher dimensional Dp-branes.
Wave correlations and quantum noise in cosmology
Authors: Leonhardt Ulf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWave noise is correlated. While it may look random in space, correlations appear in space–time, because the noise is carried by wave propagation. These correlations of wave noise give rise to fluctuation forces such as the Casimir force, they are responsible for the particle creation in the dynamical Casimir effect and in the expanding Universe. This paper considers the noise correlations for light waves in non-exponentially expanding flat space. The paper determines the high-frequency asymptotics of the correlation spectrum in the conformal vacuum. These noise correlations give rise to a nontrivial vacuum energy that may appear as the cosmological constant.
Ni3S4/NiS/rGO as a promising electrocatalyst for methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation
Authors: Azizi Sadegh , Askari Mohammad Bagher , Moghadam Mohammad Taghi Tourchi , Seifi Majid , Di Bartolomeo Antonio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of hybrids consisting of nickel sulfides in the form of Ni3S4–NiS (NN) and Ni3S4–NiS-rGO (NNR), i.e. with the addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), for application as catalysts. After accurate physical characterization and confirmation of successful synthesis, we evaluate the ability of these catalysts in the processes of methanol and ethanol oxidation. The precise electrochemical analyses show relatively good potential and excellent cyclic stability in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) processes. The comparison of the two catalysts shows the superiority of NNR over NN, confirming that rGO introduces a higher specific surface area and a higher electrical conductivity in the NNR structure. In the process of MOR, NNR has an oxidation peak at a current density of 55 mA cm−2 and a peak potential of 0.54 V. In EOR, this peak is located at a current density of 11 mA cm−2 and at a peak potential of 0.59 V. NNR has 97% and 94% stability in MOR and EOR after 1000 consecutive cycles, respectively, which are acceptable values.
QM-cluster model study of CO2 hydration mechanisms in metal-substituted human carbonic anhydrase II
Authors: Summers Thomas J , DeYonker Nathan J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) metalloenzymes utilize a Zn2+-containing active site to catalyze the interconversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. The Zn2+ ion may be replaced with other divalent transition metals, though the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme will be reduced. In this work, quantum mechanical cluster models of the active site are used to map the reaction profile for the hydration mechanism of carbon dioxide. The Lipscomb proton transfer and Lindskog rotation mechanisms were examined for the native Zn2+-enzyme along with variants where the metal was substituted with Cd2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+. The findings highlight the impact the metal coordination geometry has on the reaction profile. The results also suggest Fe2+, which is the functional metal for a prototypical CA of an anaerobic bacterium, might also be functional for human CA if cultured within an anaerobic environment.
Corrigendum to “Schatten class Hankel operators on the Segal-Bargmann space and the Berger-Coburn phenomenon”
Authors: Hu Zhangjian , Virtanen Jani 
Published: January 2023

The authors provide a correct proof of Theorem 1.2 and correct the statement of Theorem 2.6 in their paper, which appeared in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 375 (2022), 3733–3753.
The intralaminar thalamus: a review of its role as a target in functional neurosurgery
Authors: Arnts Hisse , Coolen Stan E , Fernandes Filipe Wolff , Schuurman Rick , Krauss Joachim K , Groenewegen Henk J , van den Munckhof Pepijn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The intralaminar thalamus, in particular the centromedian-parafascicular complex, forms a strategic node between ascending information from the spinal cord and brainstem and forebrain circuitry that involves the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. A large body of evidence shows that this functionally heterogeneous region regulates information transmission in different cortical circuits, and is involved in a variety of functions, including cognition, arousal, consciousness and processing of pain signals. Not surprisingly, the intralaminar thalamus has been a target area for (radio)surgical ablation and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in different neurological and psychiatric disorders. Historically, ablation and stimulation of the intralaminar thalamus have been explored in patients with pain, epilepsy and Tourette syndrome. Moreover, DBS has been used as an experimental treatment for disorders of consciousness and a variety of movement disorders. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms of stimulation and ablation of the intralaminar nuclei, historical clinical evidence, and more recent (experimental) studies in animals and humans to define the present and future role of the intralaminar thalamus as a target in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Association between cancer, CHA2DS2VASc risk, and in-hospital ischaemic stroke in patients hospitalized for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Matetic Andrija , Mohamed Mohamed O , Essien Utibe R , Guha Avirup , Elkaryoni Ahmed , Elbadawi Ayman , Van Spall Harriette G C , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly encountered in cancer patients. We investigated the CHA2DS2VASc score, and its association with in-hospital ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer who were hospitalized for AF.

Methods and results
Using the United States National Inpatient Sample, all hospitalizations with principal diagnosis of AF between October 2015 and December 2018 were stratified by cancer diagnosis, type, and CHA2DS2VASc risk categories (low risk, low-moderate risk, moderate-high risk). In-hospital ischaemic stroke and its association with the CHA2DS2VASc risk score was assessed across the groups using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Discrimination of CHA2DS2VASc score for in-hospital ischaemic stroke was evaluated with Receiver Operating Characteristic and Area Under the Curve (AUC). Among 1 341 870 included hospitalizations, 71 965 (5.4%) had comorbid cancer. Cancer patients had a higher proportion of moderate-high CHA2DS2VASc risk compared with their non-cancer counterparts (86.5% vs. 82.3%, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with their low CHA2DS2VASc risk counterparts, cancer patients in low-moderate and moderate-high risk scores had similar odds of developing stroke (aOR 1.28 95% CI 0.22–7.63 and aOR 1.78 95% CI 0.41–7.66, respectively). The CHA2DS2VASc risk score had poor discrimination for ischaemic stroke in the cancer group (AUC 0.538 95% CI 0.477–0.598).

Conclusion
Cancer patients with AF have high CHA2DS2VASc risk. Discrimination of CHA2DS2VASc for ischaemic stroke is lower in cancer than non-cancer patients, and CHA2DS2VASc may not be adequate in determining ischaemic risk in cancer population.
Whole Genome Resource and Genetic Analysis of Magnaporthe oryzae from Two Field Isolates in Northeast China
Authors: Jiang Zhaoyuan , Liu Xiaomei , Li Li , Zou Xiaowei , Sun Hui 
Published: January 2023

To screen candidate fungal genes that may relate to avirulence genes corresponding to the host resistance genes, we characterized two field isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae that cause rice blast disease, especially in northeast China, and performed whole-genome resequencing of these two isolates. The genome assembly and annotation data was submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Our study unveils the predicted fungal effectors of two dominant M. oryzae isolates in northeast China, providing a resource for Avr genes to clone. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Should Twin-Specific Growth Charts Be Used to Assess Fetal Growth in Twin Pregnancies?
Authors: Hiersch Liran , Barrett Jon , Fox Nathan S. , Rebarber Andrei , Kingdom John , Melamed Nir 
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;227(1):10–28)
A hallmark of twin pregnancy is a slower fetal growth rate during the third trimester, as compared with singleton pregnancies. Twin fetuses therefore have a higher proportion that are small for gestational age (SGA), that is, with a birth weight <10th percentile for gestational age.
Incidental Detection of Maternal Malignancy by Fetal Cell-Free DNA Screening
Authors: Rink Britton D. , Stevens Blair K. , Norton Mary E. 
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;140:121–131)
Early detection and targeted treatment of human disorders are the goal of precision medicine. The advancing technology of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is increasingly being applied in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of several disease processes.
Vaginal Bromocriptine for Treatment of Adenomyosis: Impact on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transvaginal Ultrasound
Authors: Andersson Johanna K. , Mucelli Raffaella Pozzi , Epstein Elisabeth , Stewart Elizabeth A. , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina 
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020;254:38–43)
Adenomyosis is a common, benign uterine disease that causes heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain. A diagnosis of adenomyosis traditionally required hysterectomy, but now can be made based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or transvaginal ultrasound (TVU).
Corrective Osteotomy for Symptomatic Radial Head and Neck Malunions in the Skeletally Immature
Authors: Bhashyam Abhiram R. , Hadley Scott R. , Beatty Evan W. , Waters Peter M. , Bae Donald S. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Radial head and neck fracture malunion can lead to pain, stiffness, deformity, and functional limitations. This study analyzed the early radiographic and functional outcomes of corrective osteotomy for symptomatic radial head and/or neck malunion in skeletally immature patients.

Methods:
Thirteen pediatric patients treated with corrective osteotomy for symptomatic radial head and/or neck malunion from 2004 to 2018 were identified. Radiographic union, range of motion, pain, and complications were recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Broberg and Morrey Elbow Scale.

Results:
The average age at the time of surgery was 12.3 years (range: 8.6 to 16.3). The mean time from injury to osteotomy was 7.5 months (range: 2 to 24.1 mo). Before osteotomy, mean radial head-shaft angulation was 23 degrees (range: 5 to 57 degrees), mean displacement was 76% (range: 0 to 55), average elbow flexion contracture was 18 degrees (range: 0 to 60 degrees), and average elbow flexion was 112 degrees (range: 95 to 135 degrees). After a mean follow-up of 14.3 months, 12 of 13 osteotomies (92%) healed; 1 patient had a painless nonunion. The number of patients reporting pain decreased from 9 to 2 (P=0.012). Radiographic alignment and range of motion improved in all patients. Mean angulation and displacement improved to 8 degrees (range: 2 to 15 degrees, P=0.001) and 3% (range: 0 to 18 degrees, P=0.001), respectively. Mean elbow flexion contracture was reduced to 5 degrees (range: 0 to 30 degrees, P=0.008), and the average elbow flexion increased to 128 degrees (range: 100 to 135 degrees, P<0.001). Three patients underwent implant removal for complications, including heterotopic ossification and avascular necrosis. Physeal arrest did not lead to any adverse sequelae. The sole case of avascular necrosis had a reduced range of motion but no pain. The mean postoperative Broberg and Morrey score was 91.1; 7 patients had excellent postoperative scores, 4 good, and 2 fair.

Conclusions:
Corrective osteotomy for symptomatic malunion of the radial head and/or neck in skeletally immature patients can improve elbow alignment, motion, pain, and function. Preservation of the soft-tissue attachments to the proximal epiphysis and rigid internal fixation are critical components of this surgical technique.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV.
Cardiovascular toxin-induced hyperglycemic and hypoarousal pathology-associated cognitive impairment: an in silico and in vivo validation
Authors: Sundari S. Karpagam Kumara , Alturki Mansour , Steinke Ian , Deruiter Jack , Ramesh Sindhu , Govindarajulu Manoj Y. , Almaghrabi Mohammed , Pathak Suhrud , Rassa A. Mohamed , Shafeeq K. A. S. Mohamed , Lowery Payton , Nadar Rishi M. , Babu R. Jayachandra , Ren Jun , Rani K. Reeta Vijaya , Smith Forrest , Moore Timothy , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan 
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose:
Medication-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant factor in the attrition of drugs during preclinical and clinical development processes. Patients with diabetes mellitus (hyperglycemic) are more than twice as likely to experience cardiac failure. Additionally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients often display significant hyperarousal-related clinical anomalies such as fear, panic, nervousness, pain, and seizures. Consequently, hyperarousal in patients with inadequate metabolic outcomes (hyperglycemic conditions) is usually treated with drugs that block sodium/calcium channels, augment inhibitory (gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]) neurotransmission, and reduce excitatory (glutamatergic) neurotransmission. These perilous combined clinical-pathological conditions of hyperglycemia and hypoarousal may result in severe learning disabilities and cognitive impairment. Unfortunately, only a few studies have investigated the synergistic effects of hypoarousal and hyperglycemia on cognition.

Methods:
General behavioral assessment, plus maze, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, Hebb-Williams maze and Passive avoidance paradigm were evaluated in this study. The current study assessed the in silico structural properties attributed to its pharmacodynamic actions and interaction with Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and insulin receptors using Schrodinger and LigPrep software.

Results:
The administration of alloxan and phenytoin induced significant learning and cognitive deficiencies. Based on the in silico studies, alloxan is a better drug to induce hyperglycemia as compared to the well-established hyperglycemic agent, streptozotocin (STZ).

Conclusions:
The current study indicated that administering alloxan and phenytoin to rodents can serve as a valid animal model to understand the pathophysiology associated with hypoarousal and hyperglycemia-mediated cognitive impairment and to identify novel therapeutic interventions for hyperglycemic and hypoarousal-related learning and cognitive deficiency.
Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with early breast cancer: update 2023
Authors: Köpke Melitta M. , Aktas Bahriye , Ditsch Nina 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
In recent years, the therapy of breast carcinoma has evolved at a rapid pace. Therapies from metastasis are pushing into the (neo)adjuvant treatment of breast carcinoma at ever shorter intervals.

Recent findings
Biomarker-based therapeutic approaches became more and more en vogue to guide (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy.

Summary
This article reviews recent data developments in early breast cancer (EBC) and current recommendations in diagnosis and therapy.