bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-tactic strategies to manage herbicide-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in corn–soybean rotations of the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Yadav Ramawatar , Jha Prashant , Hartzler Robert , Liebman Matt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractField experiments were conducted over 2 yr (2019 to 2020) at two locations in Iowa to evaluate multi-tactic strategies for managing multiple herbicide–resistant (MHR) waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. The effect of three herbicide programs on A. tuberculatus control was tested in corn (2019). The effects of the prior year’s corn weed control, a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, and soybean row spacing (38-cm vs. 76-cm wide) on A. tuberculatus density, biomass, and seed production were tested in soybean (2020). A herbicide program used in corn with two sites of action provided only 35% control of MHR A. tuberculatus compared with ≥97% control by a herbicide program with three sites of action. In soybean, adequate control of A. tuberculatus (≥90%) in the prior year’s corn crop and use of a cover crop or narrow rows reduced A. tuberculatus density by more than 60% at 3 and 9 wk after planting (WAP) compared with inadequate control (30%) in the prior year’s corn and no cover crop. Cover crop and narrow-row soybean reduced A. tuberculatus density by 44% at 3 WAP compared with no cover crop and wide-row soybean. Inclusion of a single control tactic, adequate control (≥90%) with multiple herbicides in the prior year’s corn, use of a cover crop, or narrow-row soybean reduced A. tuberculatus biomass and seed production at soybean harvest by at least 24% compared with inadequate control (30%) in the prior year’s corn, no cover crop, and wide-row soybean. The combination of all three control tactics reduced A. tuberculatus biomass and seed production at soybean harvest by at least 80%. In conclusion, diverse control tactics targeting A. tuberculatus at multiple life-cycle stages can make substantial contributions to the management of MHR populations.
Superstoichiometric Alloying of H and Close‐Packed Fe‐Ni Metal Under High Pressures: Implications for Hydrogen Storage in Planetary Core
Authors: Piet Hélène , Chizmeshya Andrew , Chen Bin , Chariton Stella , Greenberg Eran , Prakapenka Vitali , Buseck Peter , Shim Sang‐Heon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough high pressure enables alloying between hydrogen and iron, hydrogen‐to‐iron molar ratio (H/Fe) so far found in experiments is mostly limited to 1 in the close‐packed iron metal under high pressure. We report a H/(Fe + Ni) ratio of 1.8 ± 0.1 from (Fe,Ni)Hx (or x ≥ 1.8) quenched from liquid, exceeding the amounts so far reported for densely packed Fe alloys. From the metastable behavior of the frozen (Fe,Ni)Hx liquid during decompression, we infer that the amount is a lower bound and therefore even a greater amount of H can be dissolved in the liquid part of Fe‐rich cores of planets. The significant H storage capacity of liquid Fe‐Ni alloy is important to consider for potential storage of H in the interiors of low‐density planets as well as rocky planets.
Solute Front Shear and Coalescence Control Concentration Gradient Dynamics in Porous Micromodel
Authors: Borgman Oshri , Turuban Régis , Géraud Baudouin , Le Borgne Tanguy , Méheust Yves 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn subsurface environments, incomplete mixing at the pore scale limits reaction rates, rendering their prediction by Darcy‐scale models challenging. Such pore scale concentration gradients are enhanced by the deformation of solute fronts and decay under the action of molecular diffusion and solute filament merging. It is currently unclear how these processes govern concentration gradient dynamics under different flow rates. We measure experimentally pore scale concentrations in solute fronts transported in a two‐dimensional porous micromodel over an extensive range of flow rates. We demonstrate that pore‐scale shear flow increases concentration gradients up to a time predicted by the lamellar mixing theory in shear flow. However, the flow rate‐dependency of the mean concentration gradient at this so‐called mixing time is weaker than predicted theoretically, a discrepancy which we explain quantitatively by accounting for lamellae aggregation. These findings shed new light on the pore‐scale mechanisms driving mixing dynamics in porous media.
Strong Variability in the Thermal Structure of Tibetan Lithosphere
Authors: Xia B. , Artemieva I. M. , Thybo H. , Klemperer S. L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a model of thermal lithospheric thickness (the depth where the geotherm reaches a temperature of 1300°C) and surface heat flow in Tibet and adjacent regions based on a new thermal‐isostasy method. The method accounts for crustal density heterogeneity, is free from any assumption of a steady‐state lithosphere thermal regime, and assumes that deviations from crustal Airy‐type isostasy are caused by lithosphere thermal heterogeneity. We observe a highly variable lithospheric thermal structure which we interpret as representing longitudinal variations in the northern extent of the subducting Indian plate, southward subduction of the Asian plate beneath central Tibet, and possible preservation of fragmented Tethyan paleo‐slabs. Cratonic‐type cold and thick lithosphere (200–240 km) with a predicted surface heat flow of 40–50 mW/m2 typifies the Tarim Craton, the northwest Yangtze Craton, and most of the Lhasa Block that is likely refrigerated by underthrusting Indian lithosphere. We identify a “North Tibet anomaly” with thin (<80 km) lithosphere and high surface heat flow (>80–100 mW/m2). We interpret this anomaly as the result of removal of lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric upwelling at the junction of the Indian and Asian slabs with opposite subduction polarities. Other parts of Tibet typically have intermediate lithosphere thickness of 120–160 km and a surface heat flow of 45–60 mW/m2, with patchy anomalies in eastern Tibet. While different uplift mechanisms for Tibet predict different lithospheric thermal regimes, our results in terms of a highly variable thermal structure beneath Tibet suggest that topographic uplift is caused by an interplay of several mechanisms.
Can Linear Stability Analyses Predict the Development of Riverbed Waves With Lengths Much Larger Than the Water Depth?
Authors: Barneveld H. J. , Mosselman E. , Chavarrías V. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSustainable river management can be supported by models predicting long‐term morphological developments. Even for one‐dimensional morphological models, run times can be up to several days for simulations over multiple decades. Alternatively, analytical tools yield metrics that allow estimation of migration celerity and damping of bed waves, which have potential for being used as rapid assessment tools to explore future morphological developments. We evaluate the use of analytical relations based on linear stability analyses of the St. Venant‐Exner equations, which apply to bed waves with spatial scales much larger than the water depth. With a one‐dimensional numerical morphological model, we assess the validity range of the analytical approach. The comparison shows that the propagation of small bed perturbations is well‐described by the analytical approach. For Froude numbers over 0.3, diffusion becomes important and bed perturbation celerities reduce in time. A spatial‐mode linear stability analysis predicts an upper limit for the bed perturbation celerity. For longer and higher bed perturbations, the dimensions relative to the water depth and the backwater curve length determine whether the analytical approach yields realistic results. For higher bed wave amplitudes, non‐linearity becomes important. For Froude numbers ≤0.3, the celerity of bed waves is increasingly underestimated by the analytical approach. The degree of underestimation is proportional to the ratio of bed wave amplitude to water depth and the Froude number. For Froude numbers exceeding 0.3, the net impact on the celerity depends on the balance between the decrease due to damping and the increase due to non‐linear interaction.
NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation contributes to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus by increasing the permeability of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the choroid plexus
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqi , Guo Peiwen , Liang Liang , Jila Shiju , Ru Xufang , Zhang Qiang , Chen Jingyu , Chen Zhi , Feng Hua , Chen Yujie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrocephalus is a severe complication that can result from intracerebral hemorrhage, especially if this hemorrhage extends into the ventricles. Our previous study indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in the choroid plexus epithelium. However, the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus remains unclear, and therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment are lacking. In this study, an Nlrp3−/−rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension and primary choroid plexus epithelial cell culture were used to investigate the potential effects of NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation and its role in the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The data indicated that NLRP3-mediated dysfunction of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSFB) accelerated neurological deficits and hydrocephalus, at least in part, through the formation of lipid droplets in the choroid plexus; these lipid droplets interacted with mitochondria and increased the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that destroyed tight junctions in the choroid plexus after intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension. This study broadens the current understanding of the relationship among NLRP3, lipid droplets and the B-CSFB and provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Strategies to protect the B-CSFB may be effective therapeutic approaches for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
Treatment-resistant depression and risk of autoimmune diseases: evidence from a population-based cohort and nested case-control study
Authors: Chan Vivien Kin Yi , Luo Hao , Chan Sandra Sau Man , Lau Chak Sing , Yeung Winnie Wan Yin , Peng Kuan , Tong Xinning , Lam May Pui San , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Li Xue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent literature indicates that patients with depression had increased immune activation. We hypothesised that treatment-resistant depression (TRD), an indicator of non-responsive depression with long-term dysregulated inflammation, could be an independent risk factor for subsequent autoimmune diseases. We performed a cohort study and a nested case-control study to examine the association between TRD and risk of autoimmune diseases, and to explore potential sex-specific difference. Using electronic medical records in Hong Kong, we identified 24,576 patients with incident depression between 2014 and 2016 without autoimmune history and followed up from diagnosis to death or December 2020 to identify TRD status and autoimmune incidence. TRD was defined as having at least two antidepressant regimens and the third regimen to confirm previous treatment failures. Based on age, sex and year of depression, we matched TRD patients 1:4 to the non-TRD in the cohort analysis using nearest-neighbour matching, and matched cases and controls 1:10 using incidence density sampling in the nested case-control analysis. We conducted survival analyses and conditional logistic regression respectively for risk estimation, adjusting for medical history. Across the study period, 4349 patients without autoimmune history (17.7%) developed TRD. With 71,163 person-years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of 22 types of autoimmune diseases among the TRD patients was generally higher than the non-TRD (21.5 vs. 14.4 per 10,000 person-years). Cox model suggested a non-significant association (HR:1.48, 95% CI: 0.99–2.24, p = 0.059), whereas conditional logistic model showed a significant association (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.10–2.53, p = 0.017) between TRD status and autoimmune diseases. Subgroup analysis showed that the association was significant in organ-specific diseases but not in systemic diseases. Risk magnitudes were generally higher among men compared to women. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for an increased risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with TRD. Controlling chronic inflammation in hard-to-treat depression might play a role in preventing subsequent autoimmunity.
A survey of patient compliance with removable orthodontic retainer wear in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Lim Meng Ern , Dhaliwal Jagjit Singh , Wahab Siti Waznah Hj Abd , Rahman Hanif Abdul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore compliance with removable orthodontic retainer wear among patients who had completed fixed appliance orthodontic treatments.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to patients who had completed orthodontic treatment at the government orthodontic clinics. The response rate was 54.9%, 663 questionnaires were distributed and 364 responses were received. Demographic information was collected, and questions regarding types of retainers prescribed, instructed and actual wear times, satisfaction levels, and reasons for wearing and not wearing retainers. Chi Square, Fisher’s Exact tests and Independent T-Test were used to detect significant associations between variables.

Results
Respondents under 20 years old and employed were the most compliant. The mean satisfaction levels of Hawley Retainer and Vacuum-Formed Retainer were reported to be 3.7 (P = 0.565). About 28% of those in both groups stated that they wear them to maintain their teeth straight. 32.7% of Hawley retainer wearers reported not wearing their retainers due to speech difficulties.

Conclusion
Age and employment status were the variables that determined compliance. There was no significant difference in the satisfaction levels between the two retainer types. Most respondents wear their retainers to keep their teeth straight. Discomfort and forgetfulness were the primary reasons for not wearing retainers, besides speech difficulties.
Direct correlation between spin states and magnetic torques in a room-temperature van der Waals antiferromagnet
Authors: Shin Hyun Jun , Kim Jin Seok , Kim Jong Hyuk , Seo Jae Yeon , Hong Jae Min , Jeong Ki Won , Moon Kyungsun , Kim Mi Kyung , Lee Nara , Choi Young Jai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExplorations of van der Waals (vdW) antiferromagnets have revealed new avenues for understanding the fundamentals of highly anisotropic magnetism and realizing spin-based functional properties. However, there is a serious limitation to the feasibility of spintronic applications at room temperature owing to the lack of suitable materials. In this work, we examined the anisotropic magnetic characteristics of Co-doped Fe5GeTe2, a high-TN antiferromagnet with TN = 350 K in which magnetic multilayers are intrinsically formed. Our spin-model calculations with uniaxial anisotropy quantify the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and visualize the specific spin arrangements varying in the presence of rotating magnetic fields at room temperature. We further show that the spin configurations can be profoundly relevant to the distinctive evolution of magnetic torques in different magnetic phases. Our advanced approach offers a high-TN vdW antiferromagnet as a magnetic platform to establish room-temperature spin-processing functionalities.
Ex-situ generation and synthetic utilization of bare trifluoromethyl anion in flow via rapid biphasic mixing
Authors: Lee Hyune-Jea , Joo Jeong-Un , Yim Se-Jun , Kim Dong-Pyo , Kim Heejin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFluoroform (CF3H) is the simplest reagent for nucleophilic trifluoromethylation intermediated by trifluoromethyl anion (CF3–). However, it has been well-known that CF3– should be generated in presence of a stabilizer or reaction partner (in-situ method) due to its short lifetime, which results in the fundamental limitation on its synthetic utilization. We herein report a bare CF3– can be ex-situ generated and directly used for the synthesis of diverse trifluoromethylated compounds in a devised flow dissolver for rapid biphasic mixing of gaseous CF3H and liquid reagents that was designed and structurally optimized by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In flow, various substrates including multi-functional compounds were chemoselectively reacted with CF3–, extending to the multi-gram-scale synthesis of valuable compounds by 1-hour operation of the integrated flow system.
Histone H2A monoubiquitination marks are targeted to specific sites by cohesin subunits in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ma Min , Liu Meng , Sun Aiqing , Zheng Xiaoyun , Liu Kunpeng , Yin Chunmei , Li Chuanshun , Jiang Cizhong , Tu Xiaoyu , Fang Yuda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHistone H2A monoubiquitination (H2Aub1) functions as a conserved posttranslational modification in eukaryotes to maintain gene expression and guarantee cellular identity. Arabidopsis H2Aub1 is catalyzed by the core components AtRING1s and AtBMI1s of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Because PRC1 components lack known DNA binding domains, it is unclear how H2Aub1 is established at specific genomic locations. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis cohesin subunits AtSYN4 and AtSCC3 interact with each other, and AtSCC3 binds to AtBMI1s. H2Aub1 levels are reduced in atsyn4 mutant or AtSCC3 artificial microRNA knockdown plants. ChIP-seq assays indicate that most binding events of AtSYN4 and AtSCC3 are associated with H2Aub1 along the genome where transcription is activated independently of H3K27me3. Finally, we show that AtSYN4 binds directly to the G-box motif and directs H2Aub1 to these sites. Our study thus reveals a mechanism for cohesin-mediated recruitment of AtBMI1s to specific genomic loci to mediate H2Aub1.
Towards the technological maturity of membrane distillation: the MD module performance curve
Authors: López-Porfiri Pablo , Ramos-Paredes Sebastián , Núñez Patricio , Gorgojo Patricia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMembrane distillation (MD) is constantly acknowledged in the research literature as a promising technology for the future of desalination, with an increasing number of studies reported year after year. However, real MD applications still lag behind with only a few pilot-plant tests worldwide. The lack of technology transfer from academia to industry is caused by important gaps between its fundamental basis and the process design. Herein, we explore critical disconnections by conducting coupled mass and heat transfer modeling and MD simulations; we use well-known MD mass and heat transfer equations to model and simulate flux over a typical MD membrane for different geometries, areas, and operational conditions in direct contact configuration. From the analysis of the results, we propose research guidelines and process development strategies, and construct an MD module performance curve. From this graph, permeate flow rate, thermal energy consumption and outlet temperatures can be determined for given feed inlet conditions (temperature and concentration). Comprehensive tools such as this MD module curve and good communication between membrane developers and process engineers are required to accelerate the process of bringing the MD technology from a still-emerging status to a maturity level.
Intense community dynamics in the pre-Roman frontier site of Fermo (ninth–fifth century BCE, Marche, central Italy) inferred from isotopic data
Authors: Esposito Carmen , Gigante Melania , Lugli Federico , Miranda Pasquale , Cavazzuti Claudio , Sperduti Alessandra , Pacciarelli Marco , Stoddart Simon , Reimer Paula , Malone Caroline , Bondioli Luca , Müller Wolfgang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Early Iron Age in Italy (end of the tenth to the eighth century BCE) was characterized by profound changes which influenced the subsequent political and cultural scenario in the peninsula. At the end of this period people from the eastern Mediterranean (e.g. Phoenicians and Greek people) settled along the Italian, Sardinian and Sicilian coasts. Among local populations, the so-called Villanovan culture group—mainly located on the Tyrrhenian side of central Italy and in the southern Po plain—stood out since the beginning for the extent of their geographical expansion across the peninsula and their leading position in the interaction with diverse groups. The community of Fermo (ninth–fifth century BCE), related to the Villanovan groups but located in the Picene area (Marche), is a model example of these population dynamics. This study integrates archaeological, osteological, carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) (n = 25 human) and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope data (n = 54 human, n = 11 baseline samples) to explore human mobility through Fermo funerary contexts. The combination of these different sources enabled us to confirm the presence of non-local individuals and gain insight into community connectivity dynamics in Early Iron Age Italian frontier sites. This research contributes to one of the leading historical questions of Italian development in the first millennium BCE.
Synthesis and characterization of calcium and magnesium based oxides and titanates for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B: a comparative study
Authors: Vijayakumar Naveensubramaniam , Venkatraman Senthil Kumar , Imthiaz Syed , Drweesh Elsayed A. , Elnagar Mohamed M. , Koppala Sivasankar , Swamiappan Sasikumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current investigation deals with the simple and ecological synthesis of CaO, MgO, CaTiO3, and MgTiO3 for the photocatalytic dilapidation of rhodamine B dye. CaO was procured from chicken eggshell waste by calcination process, while MgO was produced by solution combustion method using urea as a fuel source. Furthermore, CaTiO3 and MgTiO3 were synthesized through an easy and simple solid-state method by mixing thoroughly the synthesized CaO or MgO with TiO2 before calcination at 900 °C. XRD and EDX investigations confirmed the phase formation of the materials. Moreover, FTIR spectra revealed the existence of Ca–Ti–O, Mg–Ti–O, and Ti–O which resembles the chemical composition of the proposed materials. SEM micrographs revealed that the surface of CaTiO3 is rougher with relatively dispersed particles compared to MgTiO3, reflecting a higher surface area of CaTiO3. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy investigations indicated that the synthesized materials can act as photocatalysts under UV illumination. Accordingly, CaO and CaTiO3 effectively degraded rhodamine B dye within 120 min with a photodegradation activity of 63% and 72%, respectively. In contrast, the photocatalytic degradation activity of MgO and MgTiO3 was much lower, since only 21.39 and 29.44% of the dye were degraded, respectively after 120 min of irradiation. Furtheremore, the photocatalytic activity of the mixture from both Ca and Mg titanates was 64.63%. These findings might be valuable for designing potential and affordable photocatalysts for wastewater purification.