bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modes of Mantle Convection, Their Stability, and What Controls Their Existence
Authors: Al Asad Manar , Lau Harriet C. P. , Crowley John W. , Lenardic Adrian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe motion of Earth's tectonic plates is the surface expression of mantle convection beneath. Analytical convection models have attempted to relate observables, such as plate velocities and surface heat flow, with the thermo‐mechanical state of the mantle, and remain deeply influential in global geophysics. While such models tend to focus on describing the mantle's behavior today, there is evidence that suggests they may not be the best description for an earlier, hotter mantle. Early in Earth's history, higher temperatures may have led to different convective regimes that include active‐lid (today's form of convection), sluggish‐lid, and stagnant‐lid convection. In this study, we adopt and extend the analytical theory laid out by Crowley & O'Connell (2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05254.x) that self‐consistently characterizes the first two of these convection regimes. For a given thermo‐mechanical state, the theory predicts one to multiple solutions that each represent distinct modes of mantle convection. Here, we derive new scaling laws that connect these modes to the mantle's Rayleigh number and identify a new fundamental, dimensionless number, which we term the O’Connell number (named after Richard “Rick” J. O'Connell (1941–2015)), that describes a plate's resistance in context of the overall convection of the system. In addition, we identify two key bifurcations that bracket the Rayleigh‐O'Connell number space within which multiple solutions may exist. Finally, we remove the assumption of steady‐state in their original framework in order to perform a linear stability analysis to characterize the relative stability of each convection mode.
Llamas (Llama glama) enhance proglacial ecosystem development in Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Zimmer Anaïs , Beach Timothy , Riva Regalado Sebastián , Salcedo Aliaga Jean , Cruz Encarnación Rolando , Anthelme Fabien 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWorldwide, mountain glaciers are shrinking rapidly. Consequently, large areas are becoming available for the development of novel alpine ecosystems. These harsh environments, however, delay primary succession. In this study with a local community, we conducted an inclusion experiment to investigate whether Llama glama influences soils and vegetation primary succession following glacial retreat. At the foot of the Uruashraju glacier in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru (~ 4680 m.a.s.l.), we established four llama inclusion plots and four control plots that we studied from 2019 to 2022, 24–40 years after deglacierization. After three years, the llama plots had significantly increased soil organic carbon and soil nitrogen. In the llama plots, we found a large, significant increase in vascular plant cover (+ 57%) between the second and third years of experimentation, and we identified four new species that were not present in 2019. Our results suggest that Llama glama, through their latrine behavior and role as a seed disperser, enhances the primary succession and novel ecosystem formation in recently deglacierized landscapes. Our study provides scientific support that rewilding of native Andean camelids may favor adaptation to glacier retreat and inform conservation and management strategies in proglacial landscapes.
Research on the crisis propagation in the global coal trade under the Russia-Ukraine conflict
Authors: Huang Hui , Zhao Jingying , Liu Haibin , Ren Shuai , Liu Meng , Liu Haiping , An Feng , Guo Yanlei , An Haizhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe outbreak of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict exacerbated the natural gas supply shortage in European countries. European countries restarted coal-fired power plants to maintain economic and social operations. The uneven distribution of coal resources in the world makes coal international trade inevitable. The intricate trade relations between trading countries have formed a coal trade network. When a country’s coal exports are limited due to geopolitical factors, it will cause coal supply risks. The risk will spread to more countries along the trade network, eventually leading to the collapse of the trade network. This paper builds a crisis propagation model of the coal supply under the Russia-Ukraine conflict using the cascading failure model. The results showed that the Czech Republic, Ireland, Portugal, and Bulgaria become abnormal as the proportion of coal exports β increases. When the Russian Federation reduced its coal exports by 80% and countries maintained only 10% coal exports against crisis, 23 European countries were the worst. Iceland, Ireland, Turkey and other countries were spread by the indirect risk and became abnormal countries. The Czech Republic and Bulgaria were spread by multiple risk and became abnormal countries.
Magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia
Authors: Dubale Mariam , Gizaw Kaleab , Dessalegn Dula 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the development of new medications over the past decade to aid in the control of blood glucose, most diabetic patients often do not reach recommended glycemic targets of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) < 7% in daily clinical practice because of many contributing factors. This study was designed to assess the magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control among adult diabetic patients on ambulatory chronic care follow-up at Jimma Medical Center. A cross sectional study was conducted on 307 adult diabetic patients between January 2 and April 30, 2022. Representative samples were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Predictors of poor glycemic control were assessed using a binary and multi variable logistic regression. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 and R in the R studio environment. A total of 307 adult diabetic patients were included in the study making a response rate of 93%. Out of 307 adult diabetic patients, majority (62.5%) were males. Mean age of the patients was 48.91 ± 15.68 years. The majority, 221 (72%), of patients had poor glycemic control. Non-adherence of patients to medications (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI 1.16–9.72, p = 0.04), no formal education (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI (1.06–13.93, p = 0.04), therapeutic inertia (AOR = 3.16, 95% CI 1.61–6.20, p = 0.001) and poor diabetic knowledge (AOR = 4.79, 95% CI 1.56–14.68, p = 0.006) were found to be independent predictors of poor glycemic control. Nearly three fourth of diabetic patients in the present study had poor glycemic control and were at higher risk of developing diabetic complications or already developed it. These results highlight the need for appropriate management of patients focusing on adherence to medications, education, therapeutic inertia and diabetic knowledge to maintain good glycemic control and improve adverse outcomes of the disease in this study setting.
Response of forest Turtur doves to conspecific and congeneric songs in sympatry and allopatry
Authors: Niśkiewicz Małgorzata , Szymański Paweł , Budka Michał , Osiejuk Tomasz S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBirds have a diverse acoustic communication system, and the ability to recognise their own species’ song from a distance facilitates complex behaviours related to mate attraction and rival deterrence. However, certain species, including doves, do not learn songs and their vocal repertoires are much simpler than those of better-studied songbirds. In these so-called non-learning birds, relatively little is known about the role that bird song plays in intra- and interspecific interactions, and how such behaviours might be acquired (inherited or learned from experience). To investigate this question, we focused on two species of African wood doves whose long-range songs are used in a territorial context. Specifically, we examined the responses of sympatric and allopatric populations of male blue-headed wood-doves (Turtur brehmeri) and tambourine doves (Turtur tympanistria) to different types of simulated territorial intrusions, i.e. playback of conspecific, congeneric, and control songs. We aimed to assess (i) whether these species, which have similar songs, respond only to their own species' song or exhibit interspecific territoriality, and (ii) if the response pattern is affected by the presence or absence of congeners in the general area. We found that both species responded strongly to playback of their own species in both sympatric and allopatric populations. In allopatry, though, male tambourine doves misdirected their response and also approached the playback of congeneric songs. Our results indicate that, in areas where the studied Turtur doves live in sympatry, they do not exhibit consistent interspecific territoriality. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the smaller tambourine dove avoids its larger congener during the process of territory establishment. The difference in tambourine doves’ response toward the song of present (sympatric) or absent (allopatric) congeners suggests that the ability to discriminate between songs of similarly singing potential competitors is acquired through earlier interactions and learning. This plasticity in response supports the misdirected aggression hypothesis, which argues that interspecific territorialism emerges as a maladaptive by-product of signal similarity. However, on an evolutionary timescale, such an ability could be considered an adaptive cognitive tool useful for resolving competing interests with congeners.
Serum APOC1 levels are decreased in young autoantibody positive children who rapidly progress to type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hirvonen M. Karoliina , Lietzén Niina , Moulder Robert , Bhosale Santosh D. , Koskenniemi Jaakko , Vähä-Mäkilä Mari , Nurmio Mirja , Orešič Matej , Ilonen Jorma , Toppari Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Hyöty Heikki , Lähdesmäki Harri , Knip Mikael , Cheng Lu , Lahesmaa Riitta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBetter understanding of the early events in the development of type 1 diabetes is needed to improve prediction and monitoring of the disease progression during the substantially heterogeneous presymptomatic period of the beta cell damaging process. To address this concern, we used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to analyse longitudinal pre-onset plasma sample series from children positive for multiple islet autoantibodies who had rapidly progressed to type 1 diabetes before 4 years of age (n = 10) and compared these with similar measurements from matched children who were either positive for a single autoantibody (n = 10) or autoantibody negative (n = 10). Following statistical analysis of the longitudinal data, targeted serum proteomics was used to verify 11 proteins putatively associated with the disease development in a similar yet independent and larger cohort of children who progressed to the disease within 5 years of age (n = 31) and matched autoantibody negative children (n = 31). These data reiterated extensive age-related trends for protein levels in young children. Further, these analyses demonstrated that the serum levels of two peptides unique for apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) were decreased after the appearance of the first islet autoantibody and remained relatively less abundant in children who progressed to type 1 diabetes, in comparison to autoantibody negative children.
Chronotype delay and sleep disturbances shaped by the Antarctic polar night
Authors: Tortello C. , Folgueira A. , Lopez J. M. , Didier Garnham F. , Sala Lozano E. , Rivero M. S. , Simonelli G. , Vigo D. E. , Plano S. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChronotype is a reliable biomarker for studying the influence of external zeitgebers on circadian entrainment. Assessment of chronotype variation in participants exposed to extreme photoperiods may be useful to investigate how changes in light–dark cycle modulate the circadian system. This study aimed to examine chronotype and sleep changes during a winter campaign at the Argentine Antarctic station Belgrano II. A sample of 82 men who overwintered in Antarctica completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire during March (daylight length: 18.6 h), May (daylight length: 2.8 h), July (daylight length: 0 h), September (daylight length: 14.5 h), November (daylight length: 24 h). The main results showed a decrease in sleep duration and a delay in chronotype and social jetlag during the polar night, highlighting the influence of social cues and the impact of the lack of natural light on circadian rhythms.
Commonly collected thermal performance data can inform species distributions in a data-limited invader
Authors: Claunch Natalie M. , Goodman Colin M. , Kluever Bryan M. , Barve Narayani , Guralnick Robert P. , Romagosa Christina M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPredicting potential distributions of species in new areas is challenging. Physiological data can improve interpretation of predicted distributions and can be used in directed distribution models. Nonnative species provide useful case studies. Panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) are native to Madagascar and have established populations in Florida, USA, but standard correlative distribution modeling predicts no suitable habitat for F. pardalis there. We evaluated commonly collected thermal traits– thermal performance, tolerance, and preference—of F. pardalis and the acclimatization potential of these traits during exposure to naturally-occurring environmental conditions in North Central Florida. Though we observed temperature-dependent thermal performance, chameleons maintained similar thermal limits, performance, and preferences across seasons, despite long-term exposure to cool temperatures. Using the physiological data collected, we developed distribution models that varied in restriction: time-dependent exposure near and below critical thermal minima, predicted activity windows, and predicted performance thresholds. Our application of commonly collected physiological data improved interpretations on potential distributions of F. pardalis, compared with correlative distribution modeling approaches that predicted no suitable area in Florida. These straightforward approaches can be applied to other species with existing physiological data or after brief experiments on a limited number of individuals, as demonstrated here.
Cognitive load associates prolonged P300 latency during target stimulus processing in individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Demirayak Pinar , Kıyı İlayda , İşbitiren Yağmur Özbek , Yener Görsev 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlterations in P300 amplitude and latency, as well as neuropsychological tests, are informative to detect early signs of the affected high cognitive processing in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). In the present study, we examined P300 latency and amplitude elicited by visual oddball paradigm in 20 participants with MCI and age, education, and sex-matched healthy controls from frontal, central, and parietal midline electrodes. We performed a mixed-design ANOVA to compare P300 amplitude and latency between groups during target and non-target stimulus presentation. We also assessed the correlation between our electrophysiology findings and neuropsychological tests. Our results indicated that in healthy individuals P300 is elicited earlier in target stimulus processing compared to non-target stimulus processing. On the contrary, in the MCI group, P300 latency was increased during target processing compared to non-target stimulus processing. Moreover, P300 latency in target processing is prolonged in the MCI group compared to controls. Also, our correlation results showed a significant correlation between P300 peak latency and amplitude, and attention required cognitive tasks. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that high-order cognitive processes that are involved in stimulus processing slows down in individuals with MCI due to the high working memory demand for neural processing.
Attached compared with unattached surface probes for monitoring flap perfusion in microvascular head and neck reconstruction: a feasibility study
Authors: Ooms Mark , Winnand Philipp , Heitzer Marius , Peters Florian , Bock Anna , Katz Marie Sophie , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnattached surface probes are commonly used with the O2C analysis system (LEA Medizintechnik, Germany) to monitor microvascular free flap perfusion. This study compared attached and unattached surface probes for extraoral free flaps. The study included 34 patients who underwent extraoral microvascular head and neck reconstruction between 2020 and 2022. Flap perfusion was monitored postoperatively using the O2C analysis system at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, with an attached surface probe at 3 mm tissue depth and an unattached surface probe at 2 mm and 8 mm tissue depths. Clinical complications, technical errors, and perfusion measurement values were compared. No clinical complications (attachment suture infections) or technical errors (probe detachment) occurred. Flap blood flow values of the probes were partially different (3 mm vs. 2 and 8 mm: p < 0.001; p = 0.308) and moderately correlated (3 mm with 2 and 8 mm: r = 0.670, p < 0.001; r = 0.638, p < 0.001). Hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation values were generally different (3 mm vs. 2 and 8 mm: all p < 0.001) and variably correlated (3 mm with 2 and 8 mm: r = 0.756, r = 0.645; r = 0.633, r = 0.307; all p < 0.001). Both probes are comparable in terms of technical feasibility and patient safety, with flap perfusion values dependent on tissue measurement depth.
Slower respiration rate is associated with higher self-reported well-being after wellness training
Authors: Kral Tammi R. A. , Weng Helen Y. , Mitra Vikramjit , Imhoff-Smith Theodore P. , Azemi Erdrin , Goldman Robin I. , Rosenkranz Melissa A. , Wu Sarah , Chen Andrew , Davidson Richard J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMind–body interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) may improve well-being by increasing awareness and regulation of physiological and cognitive states. However, it is unclear how practice may alter long-term, baseline physiological processes, and whether these changes reflect improved well-being. Using respiration rate (RR), which can be sensitive to effects of meditation, and 3 aspects of self-reported well-being (psychological well-being [PWB], distress, and medical symptoms), we tested pre-registered hypotheses that: (1) Lower baseline RR (in a resting, non-meditative state) would be a physiological marker associated with well-being, (2) MBSR would decrease RR, and (3) Training-related decreases in RR would be associated with improved well-being. We recruited 245 adults (age range = 18–65, M = 42.4): experienced meditators (n = 42), and meditation-naïve participants randomized to MBSR (n = 72), active control (n = 41), or waitlist control (n = 66). Data were collected at pre-randomization, post-intervention (or waiting), and long-term follow-up. Lower baseline RR was associated with lower psychological distress among long-term meditators (p* = 0.03, b = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03]), though not in non-meditators prior to training. MBSR decreased RR compared to waitlist (p = 0.02, Cohen’s d = − 0.41, 95% CI [− 0.78, − 0.06]), but not the active control. Decreased RR related to decreased medical symptoms, across all participants (p* = 0.02, b = 0.57, 95% CI [0.15, 0.98]). Post-training, lower RR was associated with higher PWB across training groups compared to waitlist (p* = 0.01, b = 0.06, 95% CI [0.02, 0.10]), though there were no significant differences in change in PWB between groups. This physiological marker may indicate higher physical and/or psychological well-being in those who engage in wellness practices.
H-shaped modifiers loaded mirror symmetric resonator based double negative metamaterial for multi-band wireless communications
Authors: Rahman Abdullah Al Mahfazur , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Moniruzzaman Md. , Rahim Sharul Kamal Abdul , Singh Mandeep , Misran Norbahiah , Islam Md. Shabiul , Soliman Mohamed S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this article, a unique metamaterial (MTM) structure is presented that exhibits four resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) that fall into S, X, and Ku bands. The MTM design is initiated on a Rogers (RT5880) substrate with an electrical dimension of 0.088 λ × 0.088 λ (λ is calculated at 3.424 GHz). The resonating patch contains four quartiles connected by a central metallic strip. The placement of each quartile is such that the whole resonator is mirror symmetric about the vertical axis. Two H-shaped modifiers connect two quartiles of each vertical half of the resonator. These H-shaped modifiers form the resonance cavity in its vicinity, and thus help significantly to orient the overall resonances of the proposed MTM at 3.424 GHz, 10 GHz, 14.816 GHz, and 16.848 GHz. The resonance phenomena are examined through equivalent circuit modeling and verified in Advanced Design Software (ADS). Metamaterial properties of the proposed MTM are extracted and it exhibits negative permittivity, permeability, and refractive index. The prototype of the MTM is fabricated and measurement is taken. The measured S21shows a close similarity with the simulated result. Moreover, effective medium ratio (EMR) is calculated for the proposed MTM and a high EMR of 10.95 is obtained that expresses its compactness. This compact MTM with negative permittivity, permittivity, and refractive index can be important component for improving the performance of the miniaturized devices for multi-band wireless communication systems.
Magnitude of tuberculosis lymphadenitis, risk factors, and rifampicin resistance at Adama city, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumbi Hawi , Reda Dawit Yihdego , Solomon Manyahlehal , Teklehaimanot Alemwosen , Ormago Moges Desta , Ali Musa Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis complex has an impact on public health and is responsible for over one million deaths per year. Substantial numbers of people infected with M. tuberculosis can develop tuberculosis lymphadenitis; however, there is a limited study in Adama, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of Tuberculosis lymphadenitis, its predictors, and rifampicin-resistance gene-positive M. tuberculosis. A total of 291 patients with enlarged lymph nodes were recruited from May 2022 to August 30 at Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College (ACSHMC). GeneXpert, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and cytology were used for the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis from the Fine Needle Aspirate (FNA) specimen. Rifampicin-resistant gene was detected using GeneXpert. For data entry and analysis, Epi Data version 3.0 and SPSS version 25 were used respectively. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of TB lymphadenitis. A p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was taken as a cut point to determine the significant association between dependent and independent variables. The prevalence of TB lymphadenitis using GeneXpert, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and cytology were 138 (47.4%) (95% CI 41.70–53.10), 100 (34.4%) (95% CI 28.94–39.85), and 123 (42.3%) (95% CI 36.63–47.00) respectively. Nine (3.1%) participants were infected with rifampicin-resistant gene-positive M. tuberculosis. Out of the total M. tuberculosis detected by GeneXpert (n = 138), 9 (6.5%) were positive for rifampicin resistance-gene. Participants with a chronic cough had 2 times odds of developing TB lymphadenitis (AOR: 2.001, 95% CI 1.142–3.508). Close to half of patients with enlarged lymph nodes were positive for M. tuberculosis by the GeneXpert method in the study area. Chronic cough was significantly associated with TB lymphadenitis. Rifampicin-resistant gene-positive M. tuberculosis was relatively prevalent among patients with enlarged lymph node in the study area.