bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use and land cover (LULC) performance modeling using machine learning algorithms: a case study of the city of Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Aryal Jagannath , Sitaula Chiranjibi , Frery Alejandro C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccurate spatial information on Land use and land cover (LULC) plays a crucial role in city planning. A widely used method of obtaining accurate LULC maps is a classification of the categories, which is one of the challenging problems. Attempts have been made considering spectral (Sp), statistical (St), and index-based (Ind) features in developing LULC maps for city planning. However, no work has been reported to automate LULC performance modeling for their robustness with machine learning (ML) algorithms. In this paper, we design seven schemes and automate the LULC performance modeling with six ML algorithms-Random Forest, Support Vector Machine with Linear kernel, Support Vector Machine with Radial basis function kernel, Artificial Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, and Generalised Linear Model for the city of Melbourne, Australia on Sentinel-2A images. Experimental results show that the Random Forest outperforms remaining ML algorithms in the classification accuracy (0.99) on all schemes. The robustness and statistical analysis of the ML algorithms (for example, Random Forest imparts over 0.99 F1-score for all five categories andpvalue $$\le$$≤ 0.05 from Wilcoxon ranked test over accuracy measures) against varying training splits demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Thus, providing a robust measure of LULC maps in city planning.
Carbon balance of plywood from a social reforestation program in Indonesia
Authors: Müller Daniel Philipp , Szemkus Nadine , Hiete Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial reforestation programs plant trees on degraded, uncultivated land in low-income regions to allow the local population to generate income from selling wood products and—in case of agroforestry systems—to grow food. For fundraising it is of interest to demonstrate not only positive social impacts but also environmental ones. Proving negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would allow the programs to enter the market for carbon offsetting projects and liberate further funding. In a case study, a social reforestation program in Kalimantan, Indonesia, is analyzed. GHG emissions (according to ISO 14067, PAS 2050 and EU ILCD Handbook for LCA) of the main product, laminated veneer lumber plywood, are determined as 622 and 21 kg CO2-e/m3 for short-term and long-term (above 100 years) plywood use, respectively. Switching to lignin-based resins and renewable electricity could reduce emissions down to − 363 kg CO2-e/m3 for long-term use. The analyzed agroforestry system produces almost carbon–neutral plywood today and could be climate positive in the mid-term.
Screening adequacy of unstained thyroid fine needle aspiration samples using a deep learning-based classifier
Authors: Jang Junbong , Kim Young H. , Westgate Brian , Zong Yang , Hallinan Caleb , Akalin Ali , Lee Kwonmoo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of thyroid nodules is a safe, cost-effective, and accurate diagnostic method for detecting thyroid cancer. However, about 10% of initial FNA biopsy samples from patients are non-diagnostic and require repeated FNA, which delays the diagnosis and appropriate care. On-site evaluation of the FNA sample can be performed to filter out non-diagnostic FNA samples. Unfortunately, it involves a time-consuming staining process, and a cytopathologist has to be present at the time of FNA. To bypass the staining process and expert interpretation of FNA specimens at the clinics, we developed a deep learning-based ensemble model termed FNA-Net that allows in situ screening of adequacy of unstained thyroid FNA samples smeared on a glass slide which can decrease the non-diagnostic rate in thyroid FNA. FNA-Net combines two deep learning models, a patch-based whole slide image classifier and Faster R-CNN, to detect follicular clusters with high precision. Then, FNA-Net classifies sample slides to be non-diagnostic if the total number of detected follicular clusters is less than a predetermined threshold. With bootstrapped sampling, FNA-Net achieved a 0.81 F1 score and 0.84 AUC in the precision-recall curve for detecting the non-diagnostic slides whose follicular clusters are less than six. We expect that FNA-Net can dramatically reduce the diagnostic cost associated with FNA biopsy and improve the quality of patient care.
Pontomedullary junction as a reference for spinal cord cross-sectional area: validation across neck positions
Authors: Bédard Sandrine , Bouthillier Maxime , Cohen-Adad Julien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) is an important MRI biomarker to assess spinal cord atrophy in various neurodegenerative and traumatic spinal cord diseases. However, the conventional method of computing CSA based on vertebral levels is inherently flawed, as the prediction of spinal levels from vertebral levels lacks reliability, leading to considerable variability in CSA measurements. Computing CSA from an intrinsic neuroanatomical reference, the pontomedullary junction (PMJ), has been proposed in previous work to overcome limitations associated with using a vertebral reference. However, the validation of this alternative approach, along with its variability across and within participants under variable neck extensions, remains unexplored. The goal of this study was to determine if the variability of CSA across neck flexions/extensions is reduced when using the PMJ, compared to vertebral levels. Ten participants underwent a 3T MRI T2w isotropic scan at 0.6 mm3 for 3 neck positions: extension, neutral and flexion. Spinal cord segmentation, vertebral labeling, PMJ labeling, and CSA were computed automatically while spinal segments were labeled manually. Mean coefficient of variation for CSA across neck positions was 3.99 ± 2.96% for the PMJ method vs. 4.02 ± 3.01% for manual spinal segment method vs. 4.46 ± 3.10% for the disc method. These differences were not statistically significant. The PMJ method was slightly more reliable than the disc-based method to compute CSA at specific spinal segments, although the difference was not statistically significant. This suggests that the PMJ can serve as a valuable alternative and reliable method for estimating CSA when a disc-based approach is challenging or not feasible, such as in cases involving fused discs in individuals with spinal cord injuries.
Biochemical and morphological responses to post-hepatectomy liver failure in rats
Authors: Lund Andrea , Andersen Kasper Jarlhelt , Meier Michelle , Pedersen Marie Ingemann , Knudsen Anders Riegels , Kirkegård Jakob , Mortensen Frank Viborg , Nyengaard Jens Randel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe upper limit for partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats is 90%, which is associated with an increased risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), correlating with high mortality. Sixty-eight rats were randomized to 90% PH, sham operation, or no surgery. Further block randomization was performed to determine the time of euthanasia, whether 12, 24, or 48 h after surgery. A general distress score (GDS) was calculated to distinguish between rats with reversible (GDS < 10) and irreversible PHLF (GDS ≥ 10). At euthanasia, the liver remnant and blood were collected. Liver-specific biochemistry and regeneration ratio were measured. Hepatocyte proliferation and volume were estimated using stereological methods. All rats subjected to 90% experienced biochemical PHLF. The biochemical and morphological liver responses did not differ between the groups until 48 h after surgery. At 48 h, liver regeneration and function were significantly improved in survivors. The peak mean regeneration ratio was 15% for rats with irreversible PHLF compared to 26% for rats with reversible PHLF. The 90% PH rat model was associated with PHLF and high mortality. Irreversible PHLF was characterized by impaired liver regeneration capacity and an insufficient ability to metabolize ammonia.
Mathematical assessment of monkeypox disease with the impact of vaccination using a fractional epidemiological modeling approach
Authors: Liu Botao , Farid Samreen , Ullah Saif , Altanji Mohamed , Nawaz Rashid , Wondimagegnhu Teklu Shewafera 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis present paper aims to examine various epidemiological aspects of the monkeypox viral infection using a fractional-order mathematical model. Initially, the model is formulated using integer-order nonlinear differential equations. The imperfect vaccination is considered for human population in the model formulation. The proposed model is then reformulated using a fractional order derivative with power law to gain a deeper understanding of disease dynamics. The values of the model parameters are determined from the cumulative reported monkeypox cases in the United States during the period from May 10th to October 10th, 2022. Besides this, some of the demographic parameters are evaluated from the population of the literature. We establish sufficient conditions to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the model’s solution in the fractional case. Furthermore, the stability of the endemic equilibrium of the fractional monkeypox model is presented. The Lyapunov function approach is used to demonstrate the global stability of the model equilibria. Moreover, the fractional order model is numerically solved using an efficient numerical technique known as the fractional Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method. The numerical simulations are conducted using estimated parameters, considering various values of the fractional order of the Caputo derivative. The finding of this study reveals the impact of various model parameters and fractional order values on the dynamics and control of monkeypox.
Genome-wide study of globally distributed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains implicates diversification utilizing phylodynamics and mutational analysis
Authors: Shishir Tushar Ahmed , Saha Otun , Rajia Sultana , Mondol Spencer Mark , Masum Md. Habib Ullah , Rahaman Md. Mizanur , Hossen Foysal , Bahadur Newaz Mohammed , Ahmed Firoz , Naser Iftekhar Bin , Amin Mohammad Ruhul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes mild cold-like symptoms and severe lower respiratory tract infections, causing hospitalizations in children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Due to genetic variability, this virus causes life-threatening pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young infants. Thus, we examined 3600 whole genome sequences submitted to GISAID by 31 December 2022 to examine the genetic variability of RSV. While RSVA and RSVB coexist throughout RSV seasons, RSVA is more prevalent, fatal, and epidemic-prone in several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and China. Additionally, the virus's attachment glycoprotein and fusion protein were highly mutated, with RSVA having higher Shannon entropy than RSVB. The genetic makeup of these viruses contributes significantly to their prevalence and epidemic potential. Several strain-specific SNPs co-occurred with specific haplotypes of RSVA and RSVB, followed by different haplotypes of the viruses. RSVA and RSVB have the highest linkage probability at loci T12844A/T3483C and G13959T/C2198T, respectively. The results indicate that specific haplotypes and SNPs may significantly affect their spread. Overall, this analysis presents a promising strategy for tracking the evolving epidemic situation and genetic variants of RSV, which could aid in developing effective control, prophylactic, and treatment strategies.
Dynamic evaluation on slope ecological restoration effect based on cosine similarity and markov chain
Authors: Chen Wenqiang , Sun Yongai , Shi Kaihe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is important to evaluate the slope ecological restoration effect for diagnosing the slope restoration state in time. Several soft computing methods require experts to determine the index weight, which will affect the rationality of the evaluation results. Moreover, they are all static evaluation methods and cannot reflect the time effect of restoration. Therefore, a dynamic evaluation method has been proposed without determining the index weight based on Cosine Similarity and Markov Chain. Several cases were applied to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results presented that the results of this method are more consistent with the actual situations and can reflect the variability of the restoration effect. Finally, the sensitivity of indexes under different ecological restoration methods was analyzed. The results show that the core link of the restoration method was consistent with the sensitivity result. The proposed method provides a basis for optimizing the restoration methods.
The study of biomechanics and finite element analysis on a novel plate for tibial plateau fractures via anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach
Authors: Lu Yao , Bai HuanAn , Wang Qian , Ren Cheng , Li Ming , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun , Huang Qiang , Ma Teng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor Schatzker type II split-depressed tibial plateau fractures involving the fractures of anterolateral and posterolateral columns (APC), the optimal fixation scheme is controversial. The objectives of this study were: (1) to introduce a newly designed plate for treating APC fractures via biomechanical tests and finite element analysis (FEA), and (2) to compare it with two conventional fixation methods. APC fracture models were created and randomly assigned to three groups (Groups A-C). Group A was fixed with a 3.5-mm lateral locking plate, Group B was fixed with a 3.5-mm lateral locking plate and two 3.5-mm cannulated screws (hybrid fixation). Group C was fixed with the newly designed plate. It is an arched locking plate for fixing the lateral tibial plateau via the anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach. Each fracture model experienced a gradually increasing axial compressive load ranging from 250 to 750 N using a customized indenter. Biomechanical analysis demonstrated that the newly designed plate showed the minimum displacement among the three methods, followed by the hybrid fixation method. Conversely, the 3.5-mm lateral locking plate displayed the maximum displacement in APC fractures (p < 0.05). FEA results indicated that at 750 N, the maximum displacements for Groups A-C were measured as 3.06 mm, 2.74 mm, and 2.08 mm, respectively. Moreover, the maximum stresses recorded for the implant in Groups A-C at 750 N were 208.32 MPa, 299.59 MPa, and 143.26 MPa, while for the bone, they were 47.12 MPa, 74.36 MPa, and 40.01 MPa. The overall trends at 250 N and 500 N were consistent with those observed at 750 N. In conclusion, due to good biomechanical performance and FEA results, the newly designed plate represents a promising choice for managing APC fractures of the tibial plateau.
Accelerated annealing of fused filament fabricated (FFF) thermoplastics via an improved core–shell filament
Authors: Pugatch Michael , Teece Molly , Lee Juhyeong , Patil Nikhil , Dunn Ryan , Hart Kevin , Wetzel Eric , Park Jay H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermoplastic parts manufactured via fused filament fabrication (FFF) have limited strength and toughness compared to other types of polymer additive and subtractive manufacturing. Low strength results from poor interlayer adhesion, making FFF parts not suitable for most engineering applications. Post processing solutions, such as annealing, enable healing of these interlayers, thus approaching injection molded parts. Prior work demonstrated a core–shell polycarbonate (PC)—acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) structured dual material filament to provide thermo-structural stability during annealing of the ABS component; however, annealing was limited to relatively low temperatures (135 °C) and required long annealing times (72 h). In the current work, a PC copolymer with a higher glass transition temperature (173 °C) than conventional PC is processed along with an extrusion-grade ABS into a PC-ABS core–shell filament. This improved dual material filament was printed, annealed, and evaluated via Izod impact testing, ultimately yielding 83% of bulk annealed ABS z-direction strength at an accelerated annealing time (8 h) and higher annealing temperature (155—175 °C). A demonstration part is printed with the dual material filament and annealed at 155 °C for 8 h, resulting in excellent dimensional accuracy, and a ductile failure at 73% higher ultimate load compared to the brittle failure of an as-printed part. This work highlights that material selection and design of a bicomponent filament geometry can lead to parts printed with FFF, with increased strength compared to other post-processing techniques at reduced processing times.
Non-glycosylated IGF2 prohormones are more mitogenic than native IGF2
Authors: Potalitsyn Pavlo , Mrázková Lucie , Selicharová Irena , Tencerová Michaela , Ferenčáková Michaela , Chrudinová Martina , Turnovská Tereza , Brzozowski Andrzej Marek , Marek Aleš , Kaminský Jakub , Jiráček Jiří , Žáková Lenka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInsulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF2) is important for the regulation of human embryonic growth and development, and for adults’ physiology. Incorrect processing of the IGF2 precursor, pro-IGF2(156), leads to the formation of two IGF2 proforms, big-IGF2(87) and big-IGF2(104). Unprocessed and mainly non-glycosylated IGF2 proforms are found at abnormally high levels in certain diseases, but their mode of action is still unclear. Here, we found that pro-IGF2(156) has the lowest ability to form its inactivating complexes with IGF-Binding Proteins and has higher proliferative properties in cells than IGF2 and other IGF prohormones. We also showed that big-IGF2(104) has a seven-fold higher binding affinity for the IGF2 receptor than IGF2, and that pro-IGF2(87) binds and activates specific receptors and stimulates cell growth similarly to the mature IGF2. The properties of these pro-IGF2 forms, especially of pro-IGF2(156) and big-IGF2(104), indicate them as hormones that may be associated with human diseases related to the accumulation of IGF-2 proforms in the circulation.
Noninvasive and reliable automated detection of spreading depolarization in severe traumatic brain injury using scalp EEG
Authors: Chamanzar Alireza , Elmer Jonathan , Shutter Lori , Hartings Jed , Grover Pulkit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are a biomarker and a potentially treatable mechanism of worsening brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Noninvasive detection of SDs could transform critical care for brain injury patients but has remained elusive. Current methods to detect SDs are based on invasive intracranial recordings with limited spatial coverage. In this study, we establish the feasibility of automated SD detection through noninvasive scalp electroencephalography (EEG) for patients with severe TBI.

Methods
Building on our recent WAVEFRONT algorithm, we designed an automated SD detection method. This algorithm, with learnable parameters and improved velocity estimation, extracts and tracks propagating power depressions using low-density EEG. The dataset for testing our algorithm contains 700 total SDs in 12 severe TBI patients who underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC), labeled using ground-truth intracranial EEG recordings. We utilize simultaneously recorded, continuous, low-density (19 electrodes) scalp EEG signals, to quantify the detection accuracy of WAVEFRONT in terms of true positive rate (TPR), false positive rate (FPR), as well as the accuracy of estimating SD frequency.

Results
WAVEFRONT achieves the best average validation accuracy using Delta band EEG: 74% TPR with less than 1.5% FPR. Further, preliminary evidence suggests WAVEFRONT can estimate how frequently SDs may occur.

Conclusions
We establish the feasibility, and quantify the performance, of noninvasive SD detection after severe TBI using an automated algorithm. The algorithm, WAVEFRONT, can also potentially be used for diagnosis, monitoring, and tailoring treatments for worsening brain injury. Extension of these results to patients with intact skulls requires further study.
Rapid resistance profiling of SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors
Authors: Moghadasi Seyed Arad , Biswas Rayhan G. , Harki Daniel A. , Harris Reuben S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResistance to nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) has been shown by multiple groups and may already exist in clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Here a robust cell-based assay is used to determine the relative potencies of nirmatrelvir, ensitrelvir, and FB2001 against a panel of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) variants. The results reveal that these three drugs have at least partly distinct resistance mutation profiles and raise the possibility that the latter compounds may be effective in some instances of Paxlovid resistance and vice versa.
All III‐arsenide low threshold InAs quantum dot lasers on InP(001)
Authors: Kwoen Jinkwan , Morais Natália , Zhan Wenbo , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the development of InAs quantum dot (QD) lasers on a InP(001) substrate, utilizing only III‐arsenide layers. This approach avoids the issues associated with the use of phosphorus compounds, which are evident in the crystal growth of conventional C/L‐band QD lasers, making the manufacturing process safer, simpler, and more cost‐effective. The threshold current density of the fabricated QD laser was 633 A/cm2, which is the lowest value for QD lasers in the 1.6‐µm wavelength region. This result suggests a high cost‐effectiveness and paves the way towards a large‐scale production technology for high‐performing C/L/U‐band QD lasers.
Investigation of winding cooling enhancement and thermal modelling of large‐power high‐torque‐density direct‐drive PMSM
Authors: Song Yongda , Zhang Yue , Jin Shi , Xu Zhenyao , Zhang Fengge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLarge‐power high‐torque‐density direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous motors (LHDPMSM) are more and more frequently used to drive ball mills, belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, etc. Aiming at the characteristics of large copper loss and high winding temperature rise of the LHDPMSM, an effective winding cooling enhancement technology based on winding overall potting (WOP) is presented. The manufacturing process and cooling principle of WOP is described in detail and compared with the traditional vacuum pressure impregnation (VPI). In order to solve the problem of complex modelling process and long calculation time of LHDPMSM thermal field caused by large volume and asymmetric fluid cooling structure, the lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) considering both fluid cooling and winding potting is proposed. Then, the cooling capacity of WOP and VPI are compared by LPTN, and the influence of some major cooling system parameters on LHDPMSM temperature rise are also researched. Finally, in order to verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation results, two 450 kW LHDPMSM prototypes adopt WOP and VPI are manufactured, tested and compared. The theoretical and experimental results are highly consistent, which proves the effectiveness of WOP in winding cooling enhancement of LHDPMSM.