bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF A HYBRID AEROBIC EXERCISE PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Erlenbach Emily , Malani Revati , McAuley Edward , Gothe Neha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdowns, physical distancing and mask mandates exacerbated the challenges older adults (OAs) face towards exercise engagement. We present data on the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of a hybrid (in-person and virtual) aerobic exercise program for OAs. Nf39 (30 females, Mage=64.10) low-active OAs completed an aerobics-based exercise program as part of a larger ongoing RCT. Participants exercised 3x/week by attending one in-person and two Zoom-based exercise classes. Attendance, attrition, format preferences, and adverse events were documented. Participants also completed an anonymous survey to detail their experiences with the hybrid delivery model. Thirty participants completed the program. Total average attendance of 83.64%; 58.93% and 24.71% of the attended sessions were on Zoom and in-person, respectively. On post-program surveys, 36.67% reported preferring Zoom sessions, followed by 33.33% preferring both formats equally. No adverse events were reported. From the anonymous program feedback surveys, common reasons for preferring the Zoom sessions included convenience; not having to wear a mask; not worrying about COVID exposure; and not feeling self-conscious about exercising with others. Commonly reported reasons for preferring the in-person sessions were increased motivation from group energy; social support; more space to move around; and better engagement with instructors. Collectively, these findings show a hybrid aerobic exercise program is feasible and safe for OAs to engage in and is overall well-accepted. Findings are encouraging for the design of future exercise programs for OAs, who continue to remain a vulnerable population during the pandemic but need a structure to remain sufficiently active.
VARIATIONS IN BENEFITS OF INTERGENERATIONAL TUTORING IN THE “NEW NORMAL”
Authors: Sun Peter , Morrow-Howell Nancy , Click Mary , Minch Kendra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study explored variations in self-perceived benefits of intergenerational tutoring. The study’s sample consisted of 329 older adults who tutored children in-person in the 2021–2022 school year. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the respondents had experienced a period in which volunteering was remote, virtual, or not possible. Demographic information was collected in a fall pre-test survey, identifying first-time volunteers (first time volunteering in ten years), caregivers (100 or more hours in the last two years helping someone who needed assistance), and male volunteers. Self-perceived benefits of tutoring (physical, emotional, and cognitive health, increased social activities, use time more productively, contribute to the well-being of children, and feel better about myself) were collected in a spring post-test survey. Being a first-time volunteer was significantly associated with improved health (X2 = 4.17, p = 0.041, Cramer’s V = 0.11), even after controlling for baseline self-reported health (p = 0.020). A larger proportion of first-time volunteers (34.2%) reported improvements in at least two areas of health (physical, emotional, and cognitive) due to their involvement in the intergenerational tutoring program, compared to non-first-time volunteers (18.5%). There were no significant differences in perceived benefits for caregivers or males. These findings suggest that targeting non-volunteers for involvement in tutoring programs may maximize health benefits of engagement. Specifically targeting males and caregivers may not be necessary, given that they benefit similarly to other populations.
TRAIT SELF-CONTROL AND ATTACHMENT ANXIETY IN RETIREES’ DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
Authors: Paoletti Jensine , Wu-Chung E Lim Lydia , Brown Ryan , Chen Michelle , LeRoy Angie , Fagundes Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Trait self-control (TSC) is a well-known predictor of well-being. TSC may reduce distraction from hedonistic pursuits and enable more effective goal-directed behavior. Attachment anxiety (AA) is a trait that predicts lower relationship quality and lower well-being; people high on AA are characterized by hyper-sensitivity, proximity-seeking and excessive rumination. In retirement, these traits may interact to predict wellbeing. Methods: 120 retired participants took part in data collection (M = 62.37 years old; SD = 10.07 years; 68% women, 70% white). Data collection included self-reported AA (Experience in Close Relationships), TSC (Brief Self-Control Scale), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and emotional well-being (RAND 36-Item Health Survey). We conducted hierarchical linear regressions and accounted for demographic and health-related covariates. Results: TSC was negatively related to depressive symptoms and positively related to emotional well-being. AA was positively related to depressive symptoms and negatively related to emotional well-being. We found an interaction predicting depressive symptoms such that participants with low TSC and high AA had the highest depressive symptoms (p = .036). This interaction was not significant for emotional well-being. Discussion: After retiring, maintaining a healthy social life may be more effortful, as there are fewer ‘built-in’ social interactions (i.e., with coworkers). Retirees with higher TSC may be able to maintain their social life more effectively than those with lower TSC. Similarly, people with lower AA may be able to obtain more enjoyment from their social lives. Together, lower AA and higher TSC may be protective mechanisms for depressive symptoms.
BASELINE PURPOSE IN LIFE PREDICTS FUNCTIONAL HEALTH ACROSS 16 WEEKS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH PROGRESSIVE VISION LOSS
Authors: Mak Wingyun , Sörensen Silvia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Greater purpose in life is associated with various positive outcomes in later life, such as, lower mortality risk, protection against cognitive decline, and lower spending on medical care and emergency room visits. Recent research from the Health and Retirement Study has shown that older adults with greater purpose in life have fewer physical limitations after four years. There has been no research to investigate purpose in life in older adults with progressive vision loss. The aim of this study is to examine whether purpose in life predicts functional health (i.e., activities of daily living) across a 16-week period of time in a sample of older adults (aged 60–96) with vision loss due to macular degeneration who were enrolled in a resilience building program (Nf 122). A repeated measures GLM showed that functional health did not change across 16 weeks (ns). Age (F(1, 112)=8.91, p=.003, ηp2=.07) and purpose in life (F(1,112)=13.21, p &lt; .001, ηp2= .11) were significant overall predictors of functional health across time. Gender, education, cognition, marital status, depression, and loneliness at baseline were not associated with overall functional health. People who were younger were more likely to have better functional health over 16 weeks; purpose in life added 11% of explained variance. Because purpose in life is malleable and also significantly associated with better functional health in older adults with progressive vision loss, future interventions that enhance purpose in life should be studied with this population.
EXERCISE SLOWS NEURAL STEM CELL AGING AND AD RISK WITH CLONAL SELECTION
Authors: Xiang Wang , Peng Lei , Bay Maxwell , Liu Michelle , Levi Jonathan , Ding Tianli , Pan Fifi , Bonaguidi Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Exercise acts as a countermeasure against aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several lines of evidence indicate that the beneficial effects of exercise target neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. However, how exercise shapes neural stem cell (NSC) function to maintain lifelong hippocampal plasticity remains unknown. Here, we utilize single-cell technologies to uncover exercise slows NSC aging and reduces AD risk. In vivo single-cell lineage tracing revealed that exercise promotes clonal selection by activating quiescent NSCs for self-renewal and depleting neurogenic NSCs. Interestingly, NSC symmetric self-renewal compensated for those lost to differentiation allowing for enhanced neurogenesis without prematurely depleting the overall NSC pool. Prolonged clonal tracing further showed that the selected self-renewed NSCs are more resistant to aging-related NSC depletion. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and multiple bioinformatic analyses determined that exercise slows NSC molecular aging. In particular, exercise mitigates an age-associated increase of AD risk gene expression within NSCs. Our results demonstrate a new regenerative function of exercise to promote healthier brain aging.
TRANSPORTATION AND MOOD: THE ROLE OF TRIP CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Field Noelle , Traver Anthony , Murphy Ian , White Katie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Safe and affordable transportation has a positive impact on the health and well-being of older adults. What is less understood are which factors influence these outcomes. To examine the impact of trip characteristics on the mood of older adults, residents in three neighborhoods in Franklin County, Ohio (n = 32) were provided tablets and used an app (MyAmble) to document their travel. During a 14-day period, 1,190 trips were recorded; 71% of which were completed by car. Participants reported 72% of the trips improved their mood. Perceived importance of the trip, challenges associated with the trip, and trip destinations to social activities and to employment/education explained 33% of the variance in mood. Challenges associated with the trip was the strongest predictor of impact on mood. Identifying trip characteristics that impact mood provides new insights for the design and implementation of travel interventions for older persons.
DO ADVERSE ADULT LIFE EVENTS MODERATE THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY ON COGNITION AFTER AGE 50?
Authors: Johnson Kimson 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Population-based studies of childhood adversity and adulthood trauma have shown varying prevalence and incidence rates due to differences in conceptualization and assessment of these events. Adverse childhood and adult events are prevalent in the general population and have deleterious effects on adult health over the life course. Exposure to adverse childhood events (ACEs) (i.e., household dysfunction) and adverse adult events (AAEs) (i.e., history of military combat or incarceration) can shape health behaviors, overall health, and disease trajectories. Despite the well-known lasting health effects of ACEs and AAEs, little is known about these events’ singular and cumulative effects on cognitive health in mid to late life. The objective of this study is to examine if AAEs moderate the relationship between ACEs and cognitive functioning. Data was utilized from the 2010–2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (N =3,320). Latent Growth Curve Modeling indicated that one or more ACEs were associated with a significant decrease in cognitive functioning (β=-0.19, p &lt; .05). However, one or more AAEs were not significantly associated with a decrease in cognitive functioning (β=-0.19,p&gt;.05). Finally, moderation analysis shows that AAEs do not significantly moderate the relationship between ACEs and cognitive functioning (β=-.32, p&gt;.05). A better understanding of the timing and distribution of exposures to ACEs and AAEs can support targeting interventions and prevention screening measures. Inclusion of ACEs and AAEs in cognitive assessments could provide information about modifiable risk factors to reduce the potential negative impact of these stressors on cognitive aging trajectories in mid to late life.
DISPARITIES IN LATE-STAGE BREAST/COLORECTAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS AMONG HISPANIC, WHITE, & BLACK TX MEDICARE PATIENTS
Authors: Nicot-Cartsonis Mathilda , Raji Mukaila , Kuo Yong-Fang , Digbeu Biai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Disparities in late-stage breast or colorectal cancer diagnosis in younger populations are associated with Social Determinants of Health-SDOH (education, poverty, housing, employment). We hypothesized that—in older Medicare beneficiaries—disparities in late-stage cancer diagnosis between Hispanics, non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) would be associated with SDOH, comorbidities and primary care-PCP access. We thus used 2005–2017 Texas Cancer Registry data linked with Medicare data for patients aged ≥66 (Nf86,501). Variables included were age at diagnosis, sex, comorbidities, poverty level, education, primary care provider, and breast/colorectal cancer screening within 1 year. For breast cancer in women (Hispanic n=6380, NHW n=39, 225, non-Hispanic Black n=4055), fully adjusted model showed significantly higher odds of late-stage cancer diagnosis only in NH Black patients (OR= 1.11 95% CI= 1.01–1.22) compared with NHW; adjustment for comorbidities and SDOH partially decreased the odds of late-stage diagnosis relative to NWH. Interaction terms between race-ethnicity and poverty were not significant. For colorectal cancer, fully adjusted multivariate model showed significantly higher odds of late-stage diagnosis among Hispanics (n=6053, OR=1.07;95% CI= 1.00–1.15) and NH-Black patients (n=3318, OR=1.29 95% CI= 1.19–1.40) relative to NHW (n=27,470); adjustment for SDOH was associated with a partial decrease in the high odds of late-stage diagnosis in Hispanic and NH Black patients. Interaction terms between race-ethnicity and poverty were not significant. Racial disparities in late-stage breast and colorectal cancer diagnoses remained after adjusting for SDOH and other clinically-relevant factors, underscoring needs for studies on optimizing access to screening and timely cancer treatments in racial/ethnic minorities.
LONELINESS AND SELF-RATED DAILY SLEEP QUALITY: RESULTS FROM THE EINSTEIN AGING STUDY
Authors: Kang Jee eun , Buxton Orfeu , Hyun Jinshil , Sliwinski Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Poor sleep quality is a common problem and has profound physical and mental effects on older adults. Loneliness, another common and harmful condition for older adults, is associated with heightened levels of vigilance and feeling unsafe, which may contribute to poor sleep. Although some studies show that trait loneliness is related to compromised sleep, there are few studies examining whether and how day-to-day variations in loneliness relate to sleep quality. The current study aimed to examine within- and between-person associations of loneliness and daily self-rated sleep quality using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach. Community-dwelling participants (n=317, Mage=77 (range=70–90), 56% white) reported loneliness and self-rated sleep quality during a 14-day EMA study via mobile phones. Trait loneliness was measured once prior to EMA. Unexpectedly, multilevel modeling showed that the amount of loneliness experienced on a given day did not predict sleep quality, however lower levels of prior night sleep quality predicted elevated levels of loneliness (p &lt; .01). Regarding the between-person association, individual differences in trait loneliness were not related to sleep quality, but differences in average levels of EMA loneliness were related to sleep quality, such that people who felt higher levels of loneliness on average during the 14 days reported worse quality of sleep during that time period than others (p &lt; .0001). These results suggest that worse sleep quality may be a factor that increases loneliness, and may not be a consequence of loneliness. Potential benefits of using EMA loneliness in research of daily sleep quality in older adults will be discussed.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN LIFESPAN RESPONDING TO EARLY AND LATE ONSET DIETARY RESTRICTION
Authors: Jiang Nisi , Diaz Vivian , Strong Randy , Nelson James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in many animal models. In mice, a range of factors affects the magnitude of the pro-longevity effect of DR, including the strain, restriction level, sex, and age of treatment onset. Early onset DR dramatically prolongs lifespan, whereas DR started later in life has diminished or no significant effect. The lifespan responses of males and females to DR also differ. Whether there is a sex difference in the lifespan response to the age of onset of DR has not been examined. Probing the basis for the variable response to DR can help elucidate the underlying mechanisms that mediate lifespan extension. We diet restricted UM-HET3 mice of both sexes from either 5 months (early-onset) or 20 months (late-onset) of age and monitored their survival. Early onset DR significantly prolonged lifespan in both males and females, which increased median lifespans by 54% and 18.5%, respectively. By contrast, although late onset DR prolonged lifespans in both sexes, the magnitude of increase in males (1.4%) was significantly lower than in females (15.8%, p=0.0474). Moreover, the decrease in the magnitude of the response to late-onset DR compared to that of early-onset DR is more dramatic in males than females. Further analysis found a significant interaction (p=0.0001) between early and late-onset DR in males but not in females (p=0.3818). Together, these results indicate that the lifespan response to delayed onset of DR diminishes more in males than in females, providing another model to probe the underlying mechanisms of DR.
FOOD AND SUPPLEMENT COMBINATIONS TO PREVENT OR POSTPONE AGING, MCI, AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Pruchnicki Alec , Kavasch Barrie , Sachs Barrie , Schnoll Roseanne , Martin Rolf 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence of many interacting causes of aging has renewed interest in food and nutrient combinations that may blunt the main causes[PMC9184560, PMC8889622] and postpone aging, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s (“A-MCI-Alz”) in contrast to prior failures[PMC9232186]. We present an updated list of anti-aging/pro-longevity strategies to address limitations of previous food/nutrient combinations. Our list has two unusual features: (i) all interventions should be administered concurrently so no fundamental causes of A-MCI-Alz are without remediation and can inflame and leave smoldering important causal factors, (ii) all interventions should be provided daily or weekly to help avoid re-ignition of key factors driving A-MCI-Alz. These two features can help explain past longevity-trial failures[PMC9310407]: no previous study to our knowledge has included most or all of the following interventions, so untreated causes of A-MCI-Alz likely remained active[PMC9114803]. Our recommended interventions include intermittent-or-continuous calorie restriction or fasting[PMID: 33138875, PMC9351392, PMC7956384], protein- and/or methionine-restriction[PMC9197402, PMC4023024, PMC9197406], consumption of moderately-strong metal chelators (e.g. polyphenols in blueberries[PMC1413581], other berries[PMC8271923], grapes[PMC7096489, PMC6386230], cherries[PMC8745076], fruits with hesperidin/hesperitin [PMC9310407] like oranges, soybeans with genistein [PMC4286753], ginger [PMC5852742], ginseng [PMC9358063, PMC3830124, PMC6874434], green/rooibos/oolong teas[PMC6567241, PMIDs: 33285593, 19996359], coffee[PMC4926853, PMC9145055], chocolate[PMC9287426]), antioxidant-rich foods[PMC7530501], B vitamins including vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid[PMC9232186, PMC8725342, https://doi.org/10.3181%2F00379727-99-24442]) to help metabolize partly-toxic aldehydes[PMC6802361] and improve/lower lactate/pyruvate and NAD+/NADH ratios[PMC7346061], ingesting adequate-to-high amounts of longevity-correlated tyrosine[PMC6681387], cysteine[PMID: 20191258], glutathione[PMC8912885, PMC5005830], niacin, nicotine acid and/or NADH[PMC7346061, PMC6982340], spermidine[PMC8436989], anti-inflammatory NSAIDS[PMC4270464], autophagy inducers[PMC6191153] fiber[PMC8705837] and fluids[PMID: 21585170] to help remove excess metals, toxic metabolites and damaged organelles, while limiting methionine-rich, other pro-aging foods[PMC4023024].
ADVANCE CARE PLANNING MOTIVATED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Thomas Karuna , Sahawneh Fursan , Carpenter Brian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed older adults to complex healthcare situations, via personal experience or media stories about serious illness. Hearing about lengthy intubation, sedation, rapid decline, and distress at the end of life has the potential to prompt people to reevaluate their perspective on their own end-of-life care. This study explored advance care planning (ACP) among older adults and whether COVID-19 experiences altered their healthcare preferences and planning. One hundred and fifty-one respondents (M age = 71.2 yrs, range = 55–93) completed an online survey about ACP completion, ACP conversations, and life-prolonging interventions. Respondents were mainly female (78%), White (71%), and well educated (77% with at least a bachelor’s degree). A substantial proportion had not completed an advance directive (31%) or chosen a medical power of attorney (33%), and 78% of them intended to complete them in the next year or had initiated ACP. Among those who had completed ACP, a quarter intended to make changes, with 13% less open to life-prolonging medical treatments and 13% more open to them. Despite these intentions, a small proportion of people had ACP conversations since the start of the pandemic with their spouse/partner (37%), children (25%), siblings, (19%), friends (27%), primary care physician (16%), or other healthcare provider (12%). Results of this study suggest that now may be a critical moment to encourage older adults to have ACP conversations, in light of how their experience during the pandemic has motivated a reconsideration of treatment preferences.
PHENOME-WIDE SEARCH OF COGNITIVE RESERVE PROXIES ACROSS AGE COHORTS
Authors: Zheng Anqing , Wadsworth Sally , Friedman Naomi , Reynolds Chandra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to adaptability allowing for better cognitive outcomes given the degree of brain changes or other risk factors for cognitive decline. Despite significant research efforts, our knowledge of cognitive reserve proxies remains limited. Studies predominantly use a single sociodemographic variable (e.g., education attainment) as a proxy measure when CR can manifest in multiple domains. Studies also tend to rely on older samples, whereas adversity factors of cognitive performance may have differing onset ages, suggesting different risk or protective mechanisms at different ages. We examine two cohort datasets spanning from early adolescence (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, N = 5559) up to the cusp of mid-adulthood (Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging; CATSLife, N = 1327) to evaluate the role of CR proxies across over 100 variables. Defined as a moderator between a cognitive outcome and structural brain measure, these variables cover behavioral, environmental, physical and mental health, and psychological trait domains. Using cross-validated regularized regression, we identified dozens of factors acting as CR proxies (e.g., leisure reading as protective and screen usage as a risk factor during adolescence). We then use a within-family design to examine the moderation effect over and above genetic and environmental covariates. For example, adolescents who read more tend to show better cognitive performance given their gray matter volume (b = .093, 95%CI = [0.035, 0.152]). This study aims to identify factors that could be targeted with scalable prevention and intervention efforts earlier in life to maximize cognitive functioning.