bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single cell analysis of the peripheral immune landscape in Alzheimer reveals a distinct adaptive immune signature
Authors: van Olst Lynn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia. Recent evidence suggests involvement of peripheral immune cells in the disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.MethodWe comprehensively mapped systemic immune changes in AD patients from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 21; 65y±6; 52% female) or dementia (n = 59; 63y±8; 53% female) compared to controls (n = 35; age 61y±6; 46% female), using high‐dimensional single‐cell characterization.ResultWe found an adaptive immune signature in AD, and specifically highlight the accumulation of PD1+ CD57+ CD8+ T effector memory re‐expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) cells in the MCI stage of AD. This subset formed unique, dynamic networks with subsets of CD4+ T cells. In addition, several innate and adaptive immune subsets correlated to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid‐β and phosphorylated tau, and measures for cognitive decline. Specifically, subsets of memory B cells were negatively associated with CSF biomarker levels of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in AD patients.ConclusionTogether, these findings highlight substantial adaptive immune changes in AD and signify the demand for a greater understanding of how these cells contribute to underlying brain pathology.
Association between reproductive factors in women and risk of brain ageing and dementia
Authors: McGrath Emer R , Scott Matthew R , Buckley Rachel , Satizabal Claudia L , DeCarli Charles S. , Bhasin Shalender , Vasan Ramachandran S , Murabito Joanne M , Beiser Alexa S , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen have a higher prevalence of dementia than men. We determined the association between female reproductive factors and risk of cognitive outcomes, including incident dementia, in a community‐based sample of cognitively healthy individuals.MethodLifetime reproductive factors including age of menarche, age of menopause, reproductive lifespan (age of menopause minus age of menarche), number of live births, post‐menopausal hormone replacement therapy use, and serum estradiol and estrone concentrations were measured in 796 dementia‐free women [mean age 68.4 (SD 5.7) yr] from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort at examination cycle seven (1998‐2001). We related reproductive factors to subsequent risk of incident dementia. Structural MRI brain measures and neurocognitive test performance were included as secondary outcomes.ResultDuring a median 10 [Q1‐Q3, 8.04‐10.0] year follow‐up, 138 participants developed dementia. On Cox proportional‐hazards analysis adjusting for age and education, a longer reproductive lifespan was associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91‐0.98, p = 0.004) while earlier age of menopause of ≤49 vs 50‐51 years was associated with an increased dementia risk (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.12‐5.88, p = 0.027). Earlier menopause (≤49 versus 50‐51 years) was cross‐sectionally associated with lower hippocampal volume (β±SE, ‐0.123±0.057, p = 0.03). Compared to no live births, 1‐2 live births (5.85±2.03, p = 0.004) and ≥3 live births (5.17±2.06, p = 0.01) were associated with greater total cerebral brain volume. Use of post‐menopausal HRT (0.15±0.055, p = 0.007) and elevated serum estradiol (0.058±0.027, p = 0.03) and estrone concentrations (0.078±0.029, p = 0.006) were cross‐sectionally associated with improved abstract reasoning (Similarities test). Compared to no live births, 1‐2 live births (0.20±0.08, p = 0.018) and ≥3 live births (0.25±0.08, p = 0.003) were also associated with superior visuospatial performance.ConclusionGreater exposure to estrogen throughout a woman’s reproductive life was associated with a lower risk of incident dementia and cross‐sectionally associated with larger brain volumes and enhanced cognitive performance. Our results suggest positive cognitive benefits of greater lifetime estrogen exposure and highlight the potential role of estrogen exposure in modifying the risk of dementia.
The trans‐entorhinal cortex differential depends on retromer‐mediated endosomal recycling
Authors: Simoes Sabrina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnatomical studies have pinpointed the trans‐entorhinal cortex (TEC) as the subregion of the brain selectively vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease. Additional molecular studies have identified endosomal trafficking defects as a cytopathological driver of the disease. However, whether and how endosomal trafficking is linked to anatomical vulnerability still remains unknown. Here, in addressing these questions, we begin by showing that neurons are enriched with a functional distinct retromer core organized around VPS26b, differentially dedicated to endosomal recycling. Using fMRI imaging, and in contrast to its paralog VPS26a, we further demonstrated that depleting VPS26b in mice caused preferential age‐dependent dysfunction in the trans‐entorhinal cortex, a finding further validated by electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, and behavior. Surprisingly, repletion of VPS26b, both in vitro and in vivo, rescued all phenotypes seen upon VPS26b depletion. We then turned to humans to find VPS26b highly enriched in the TEC region, where both VPS26b and the retromer‐related receptor SORL1 were found deficient in Alzheimer’s brains. Finally, by regulating glutamate receptor and SORL1 recycling and its levels, VPS26b was shown to mediate regionally‐selective synaptic dysfunction, as well as AD‐associated amyloid‐precursor protein misprocessing and tau secretion. Together with the trans‐entorhinal’s unique network properties, hypothesized to impose a heavy demand on endosomal recycling, these results suggest a general mechanism that can explain AD’s regional vulnerability.
AAV‐mediated delivery of an anti‐BACE1 VHH alleviates pathology in an Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Holt Matthew G 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSingle domain antibodies (VHH) are potentially disruptive therapeutics, with important biological value for treatment of several diseases, including neurological disorders. However, VHH have not been widely used in the central nervous system (CNS), largely because of their restricted blood‐brain barrier (BBB) penetration. To overcome this restriction, we designed a gene transfer strategy using BBB‐crossing adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐based vectors to deliver VHH directly into the CNS. As a proof‐of‐concept, we explored the potential of AAV‐delivered VHH to inhibit BACE1, given its well‐characterized and central role in Alzheimer’s disease.MethodIn a first step, we generated a panel of novel VHHs targeting BACE1: one of these, VHH‐B9, demonstrates high selectivity for BACE1 and appears to specifically inhibit APP‐cleavage in vitro. On the basis that a substrate‐selective inhibition of BACE1 may overcome the mechanism‐based adverse effects commonly reported in BACE1 inhibitor trials, we selected VHH‐B9 for incorporation into a BBB‐crossing vector.ResultA single systemic dose of AAV‐VHH‐B9 produces positive long‐term (12 months plus) effects on amyloid load, neuroinflammation, synaptic function and cognitive performance, in the AppNL‐G‐F
Alzheimer’s mouse model, without any overt signs of toxicity.ConclusionThese results suggest that long‐term BACE1 inhibition, with a selective APP‐cleavage inhibitor, may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease. More broadly, we propose that AAV‐mediated VHH delivery will be a useful tool for the treatment of a range of CNS disorders.
Strengthening and toughening 3D printing of photocured resins by thermal expansion microspheres
Authors: Kang Xiaoqing , Li Xiaogang , Li Yuexuan , Duan Yugang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh cross‐linking density thermally cured epoxy resin typically results in brittle nature. 3D printing technology of a photocurable resin modified by thermally expandable microspheres is proposed in this paper to overcome these limitations. The addition of appropriate amounts of thermally expandable microspheres into the UV‐cured epoxy resin can improve the tensile strength, bending strength, elongation at break, and impact strength. Therefore, thermally expandable microspheres can strengthen and toughen the epoxy resin. In addition, the effects of different amounts of UV‐cured resins modified with thermally expandable microspheres on various mechanical properties are systematically analyzed. Moreover, the toughening mechanism of thermally expandable microspheres and their influence on thermal performance are also studied.
Isolation and screening of microorganisms for high yield of succinic acid production
Authors: Nagime Pooja Vilas , Upaichit Apichat , Cheirsilp Benjamas , Boonsawang Piyarat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study involves the isolation of succinic acid (SA)‐producing microorganisms from different samples, including the rumen, sludge, soil, and wastewater. For primary screening, 29 isolates exhibited a zone of clearance around the colony, indicating acid production. For secondary screening using thin‐layer chromatography, only two isolates symbolized SA production according to their Rf values. These two isolates were further identified as Bacillus velezensis and Enterococcus gallinarum by phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor‐joining method. The high SA concentrations of 50.2 and 66.9 g/L were produced by B. velezensis and E. gallinarum with an SA yield of 0.836 and 1.12 g/g glucose, respectively. The high SA concentration from these newly isolated strains was achieved with a low formation of unwanted acids compared with those from Actinobacillus succinogenes ATCC 55618. Moreover, E. gallinarum was cultured in palm oil mill wastewater (POMW) and molasses, which were cheap substrates. The high SA production of 73.9 g/L with low other acids (the ratio of SA to total acids = 0.917) was achieved using POMW and molasses (80:20) as substrates.
Food Waste: Reflecting on Our Current Habits to Benefit the Future
Authors: Greer Mitchell J. , Howell Brittany J. , Weisenborn Gregory 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCreating a college experience that is impactful to students is a challenge for every professor. Current research shows that inclusion of High Impact Teaching Practices (HITP) is one way to achieve these desired outcomes. One form of a HITP is Experiential Learning (EL), which is defined as “learning that begins with experience and transforms it into knowledge, skills, attitudes, emotions, values, beliefs, and senses. Our in‐class activity “The Food Waste Challenge” utilizes experiential learning and reflection on the experience to demonstrate the issues associated with food waste at the local and global scales. The number of food waste related activities is plentiful when you search the World Wide Web. However, in reviewing these activities we have found very few that are as inclusive or versatile as ours. Our activity requires a 3‐week period of food collection and for students to bring their waste to class each week. The length of time and physically bringing the waste to class creates a vital visualization of how much food waste one course can generate. We scale the food waste generated by one course up to what would be produced by the population of the university or of the town/city the university is in. Again, this highlights the magnitude of the food waste problem. Our activity also utilizes a food waste log where students keep track of why they threw out the food and asks them to estimate what the cost of the discarded items might be. Finally, we conduct a composting demonstration for the class. This helps to show students an alternative to throwing food in the trash and highlights a disconnect in what “can” be composted and what people “think” can be recycled. Our activity is well received by the students and in many cases, students have mentioned that it was one of the most memorable activities they conducted during their college careers.
Interrelationships among platelet‐activating factor and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 activity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: English Carolyn J. , Lohning Anna E. , Mayr Hannah L. , Jones Mark , Reidlinger Dianne P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraditionally cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been assessed through blood lipids and inflammatory marker C‐reactive protein (hsCRP). Recent clinical interest in novel pro‐inflammatory markers platelet‐activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) recognizes that vascular damage can exist in the absence of traditional risk factors. This cross‐sectional study investigated the potential relationship between circulating PAF, Lp‐PLA2, hsCRP, and traditional risk factors for CVD. One hundred adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable CVD risk were recruited. Fasting inflammatory markers PAF, Lp‐PLA2 and hsCRP and total, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured. Medical and physical activity data were self‐reported. Linear and multiple regressions were performed. PAF, Lp‐PLA2, and hsCRP independently correlated with several CVD risk factors. PAF was correlated significantly with risk factors in an unexpected way; there was a medium positive correlation between PAF and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.394, p < 0.001) and medium negative correlations with Total:HDL cholesterol; (r = −0.436, p < 0.001) systolic blood pressure; (r = −0.307, p = 0.001); BMI (r = −0.381, p < 0.001); and waist circumference (r = −0.404, p < 0.001). There were large positive correlations between Lp‐PLA2 and LDL (r = 0.525, p < 0.001) and non‐HDL cholesterol (r = 0.508, p < 0.001). There were large positive correlations between hsCRP and Total:HDL cholesterol (r = 0.524, p < 0.001); BMI (r = 0.668, p < 0.001); and waist circumference (r = 0.676, p < 0.001). PAF, Lp‐PLA2, and hsCRP are implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation in CVD; however, the relationships between each marker and traditional risk factors were different suggesting they may be involved in different atherogenic pathways.
A case of knuckle pad syndrome in a middle‐aged man
Authors: Chandler Zachary , Seamon Kimberly , Ramsubeik Karishma , Kaeley Gurjit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKnuckle pads are benign papules, nodules, or plaques overlying joints and typically manifest at the proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPs). They may be confused with other dermatologic or rheumatologic diseases. Treatment options for primary knuckle pads are limited and acquired knuckle pads typically improve with withdrawal of the offending insult.
Severe thrombocytopenia and anemia as an initial presentation of breast cancer: A case report
Authors: Otsubo Ryota , Yano Hiroshi , Itonaga Hidehiro , Iwasaki Keisuke , Segawa Keiko , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBreast cancer patients with bone marrow metastasis (BMM) having profound thrombocytopenia and anemia are rare and there is no definitive treatment guideline. We present a case of successful initial treatment with anti‐disseminated intravascular coagulation therapy and endocrine therapy, followed by chemotherapy to avoid deterioration of severe thrombocytopenia and anemia.
Peristalsis in an unusual place—The diagnostic utility of point‐of‐care ultrasound: A case report
Authors: Twohig Patrick A. , Pile James C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractComplications related to inguinal hernias are commonly encountered in medicine. Clinical presentation can vary, and although diagnosis can often be made during physical examination, point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) can be useful in cases where the diagnosis is unclear. Our case underscores to clinicians the utility of POCUS in diagnosing inguinal hernias.
DNA Nanomaterial‐Based Optical Probes for Exosomal miRNA Detection
Authors: Tang Jianpu , Li Qian , Yao Chi , Yang Dayong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in exosomes have been proven as reliable biomarkers to detect disease progression. In recent years, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐based nanomaterials show great potential in the field of diagnosis due to the programmable sequence, various molecule recognition and predictable assembly/disassembly of DNA. In this review, we focus on the molecular design and detection mechanism of DNA nanomaterials, and the developed DNA nanomaterial‐based optical probes for exosomal miRNA detection are summarized and discussed. The rationally‐designed DNA sequences endows these probes with low background signal and high sensitivity in exosomal miRNA detection, and the detection mechanisms based on different DNA nanomaterials are detailly introduced. At the end, the challenges and future opportunities of DNA nanomaterial‐based optical probes in exosomal miRNA detection are discussed. We envision that DNA nanomaterial‐based optical probes will be promising in precise biomedicine.
N, B codoped graphite felt for high‐performance 1,8‐dihydroxyanthraquinone redox flow battery
Authors: Deng Jianxiang , Cai Xinghua , Huang Chengde 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, a graphite felt electrode was modified by NS double‐element and NB double‐element codoping. The surface morphology, crystal structure, element content, and surface chemical state of the modified electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectra, and a single cell. The results show that nitrogen (N) and boron (B) double‐element codoping can enhance the catalytic activity of graphite felt and create abundant defect sites, which increases the electrocatalytic activity by approximately a factor of 2. The reason why the doped graphite felt can obtain higher electrocatalytic activity may be related to the synergy between N and B atoms, especially the synergy between pyridine‐N and BC3, and the resistance of the first charge transfer reaction of 1,8‐dihydroxyanthraquinone on the doped graphite felt electrode is then reduced.
Bond behaviour of rebar in concrete at elevated temperatures: A soft computing approach
Authors: Al Hamd Rwayda Kh. S. , Alzabeebee Saif , Cunningham Lee S. , Gales John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper assesses the capability of using a new data‐driven approach to predict the bond strength between steel rebar and concrete subjected to high temperatures. The analysis has been conducted using a novel evolutionary polynomial regression analysis (EPR‐MOGA) that employs soft computing techniques, and new correlations have been proposed. The proposed correlations provide better predictions and enhanced accuracy than existing approaches, such as classical regression analysis. Based on this novel approach, the resulting correlations have achieved a lower mean absolute error (), and root mean square error (), a mean () close to the optimum value (1.0) and a higher coefficient of determination (R2) compared to available correlations, which use classical regression analysis. Based on their enhanced performance, the proposed correlations can be used to obtain better optimised and more robust design calculations.
Evaluation of resistance and determination of stability of different sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes in rhizomania‐infected conditions
Authors: Rajabi Abazar , Ahmadi Masoud , Bazrafshan Mohsen , Hassani Mehdi , Saremirad Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant diseases are considered one of the main factors reducing yield and quality of crops, which are constantly developing and creating more virulent races and cause the resistance of more genes to break. Identifying resistance sources and including them in breeding programs will improve resistant genotypes. Rhizomania is the most common, widespread, and devastating disease of sugar beet in Iran and worldwide. Breeding genotypes with disease resistance genes is one of the most important ways to deal with this destructive disease. Twenty sugar beet genotypes along with five controls were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in rhizomania‐infected conditions in four regions of Mashhad, Shiraz, Miandoab, and Hamedan for 2 years. The results of genotypic reaction to rhizomania showed that the genotypes with resistance reaction were much more frequent than those with susceptibility reaction. The analysis of multiplicative effects of the AMMI model showed that the first six components were significant and explained 98.80% of the interaction variations. The biplot obtained from the mean white sugar yield and the first interaction principal component confirmed the superiority of the RM5 genotype due to its high white sugar yield and stability in infected conditions. The results obtained from the first three principal components biplot showed that the RM9 genotype with a mean white sugar yield of 11.91 t. ha−1 was a genotype with vast general stability in all disease‐infected environments. Based on the results of the MTSI index, RM3, RM17, RM9, RM13, and RM15 are introduced as stable genotypes under rhizomania‐infected conditions. In conclusion, it seems that the studied genotypes have valuable and useful genes inherited from their parents to deal with rhizomania disease. Applying these genotypes in sugar beet breeding programs can effectively prevent the threat of rhizomania.
Rethinking Decision Quality: Measures, Meaning, and Bioethics
Authors: Schwartz Peter H. , Sachs Greg A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudies of patient decision‐making use many different measures to evaluate the quality of decisions and the decision‐making process, partly to determine whether the ethical goals of informed consent, patient autonomy, and shared decision‐making have been achieved. We describe these measures, grouped under three main approaches, and review their limitations, leading to three conclusions. First, no measure or combination of measures can provide a complete assessment of decision quality. Second, the quality of a decision is best characterized vaguely, for instance as “good,” “satisfactory,” or “poor,” and these categorizations depend on qualitative judgments that go beyond quantitative measures. Third, bioethicists should focus on identifying and addressing poor or problematic decisions, rather than trying to incrementally increase decision quality, quantified by a measure. Decision‐quality measures can be useful in research and in advancing important goals of bioethics, as long as the challenges of defining and measuring decision quality are recognized.