bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrative review on physical restraint in adult critical care unit
Authors: Kavumpurath Janisha , KC Mani Kulanthayan , Refaat Fatma , Devaraj Navin , Abdul Rashid Aneesa , Ibrahim Noor Airini 
Published: January 2023

Background: Physical restraints (PRs) are frequently used in adult critical care units to protect staff and prevent self-harm, despite the fact that they represent significant safety risks. Restraint complications may have an impact on the patient's long- and short-term outcomes. This study aims to examine the recent evidence on the use of PR in adult critical care. Method: This integrative review included the studies published between January 2009 and December 2019 and the literature search was conducted in July 2020. The databases searched included EBSCOhost, Ovid, ProQuest, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect. The keywords included in the search were restraint, critical care, intensive care, ICU, mechanical ventilation, intubation, nursing, and experience. A checklist based on the CASP checklist and the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality. Results: The findings were evaluated and summarized into seven key topics after twenty-one publications were found to be evaluated. i) High prevalence of PR application in adult critical care unit; ii) determinants of PR applications; iii) types of PR in adult critical care units; iv) decision maker of PR; v) moral and ethical dilemma in PR application; vi) awareness and guidelines for PR applications; vii) common complications and use of sedation, analgesics, antipsychotic drugs in PR application. Conclusion: The number of days PR is used is related to the risk of an adverse event. In order to standardize nursing practice, ICU nurses require greater training on the ideas of PR use. Evidence-based recommendations will assist critical care nurses in making the best judgments possible concerning the use of PR.
Ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Genter Jeremy , Croci Eleonora , Ewald Hannah , Müller Andreas M. , Mündermann Annegret , Baumgartner Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Background: Shoulder biomechanics cannot be measured directly in living persons. While different glenohumeral joint simulators have been developed to investigate the role of the glenohumeral muscles in shoulder biomechanics, a standard for these simulators has not been defined. With this scoping review we want to describe available ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics. Objective: The scoping review aims at identifying methodological and/or experimental studies describing or involving ex-vivo simulators that assess unconstrained shoulder biomechanics and synthesizing their strengths and limitations. Inclusion criteria: All unconstrained glenohumeral joint simulators published in connection with ex-vivo or mechanical simulation experiments will be included. Studies on glenohumeral simulators with active components to mimic the muscles will be included. We will exclude studies where the experiment is static or the motion is induced through an external guide, e.g., a robotic device. Methods: We will perform database searching in PubMed, Embase via Elsevier and Web of Science. Two reviewers will independently assess full texts of selected abstracts. Direct backward and forward citation tracking on included articles will be conducted. We will narratively synthesize the results and derive recommendations for designing ex-vivo simulators for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ATTENTION BIAS STUDY IN SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
Authors: Sagalakova Olga A. , Truevtsev Dmitry V. , Zhirnova Olga V. 
Published: January 2023

The paper aims to methodologically reflect on the scientific perspectives and risk-related reductionist understanding of mental processes of the limitations of digital technologies in the study of attention biases in social anxiety disorder.
Materials and methods of research include theoretical-methodological analysis, expert analysis of sources on the problem of application of digital technologies in the study of attention biases in social anxiety disorder. Methodological basis of analysis is the positions of the cultural-activity approach in comprehension of psychological aspects of application of digital technologies to research mental disorders (Tkhostov, Emelin, Soldatova, etc.), pathopsychology in studying distortions of mental activity (Zeigarnik, Kholmogorova, etc.), cognitive and cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder in the reconstruction of mechanisms of formation and maintenance of anxiety (Clark, Wells, etc.), principles of organization of contemporary studies using digital technologies, and the results of individual empirical studies on the features of attention in social anxiety disorder.
Results. The use of technology in research can be close to the research aim, substituting its scientific methodological understanding at the expense of visibility and the halo of scientificity of the data obtained. Improvement of digital technologies takes their application to a new level, which includes the priority of methodology. The use of digital technology in the study of mechanisms of social anxiety has provided empirical confirmation of motivational bias to social stimuli and the phenomenon of self-focused attention. The most meaningful results in terms of verification of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral models of social anxiety were obtained using eye-tracking technology and electroencephalography. They allow explicating dynamic properties of attention when solving the task in the experiment. Application of digital technologies provides (1) detection of empirical indicators of selectivity of cognitive-perceptual activity when perceiving social objects, (2) determination of phenotypical features of socially anxious individuals. The last distinguish clinical and normative samples, provide an opportunity to verify the models which put forward biases of attention as leading mechanisms of social anxiety. The variety of empirical studies using different paradigms and methods of study does not always allow for comparisons or generalizations; inconsistencies persist in results.
Scope of the results. The research results can be applied in (1) the planning of current studies using digital technology and comprehending of the results; (2) clarification of the mechanisms of disorders and selectivity of attention in social anxiety; (3) development of psychological interventions aimed to work with biases of attention in relation to social stimuli.
The evaluation of parents' knowledge about psychophysical development of the 0-12 months old children
Authors: Weber-Nowakowska Katarzyna , Drewniak Katarzyna , Kulik Anita , Chilman Agata , Gębska Magdalena 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: A process of psychomotor development should take place harmoniously according to a fixed plan. Because of the fact, that not every child develops properly, parents ought to possess basic knowledge of child’s psychomotor development. It could enable them to notice any possible abnormalities and turn to a specialist for help in time.
Aim: The aim of the study is to assess parents' knowledge about the psychomotor development of children aged 0-12 months and the impact of selected socio-demographic factors on the level of this knowledge
Materials and methods: The research involved 111 parents who filled in the questionnaire form on psychomotor development of a child in its first year.
Results: It has been proven that a general level of parents’ knowledge ranges from low to good. Moreover, based on the research it can be claimed, that people who graduated from universities gain better knowledge on a person’s development than people who didn’t. Similarly, parents with a bigger amount of children and what’s connected, better experience, achieve better results. Finally, a large majority of parents claim that their knowledge is better that it really is.
Conclusions: Comparing the outcome with the results of other researchers it can be concluded, that the level of knowledge on child’s psychomotor development is rather low. The reason of that might be the lack of needed education on the area. Taking into consideration a quite wide range of available sources of information, parents can find many possibilities to broaden their knowledge. To improve the situation various actions encouraging self-improvement of parents’ level of knowledge should be introduced. In the future a similar research should take place to check if the level of awareness of this issue is heightened.
The Design of Optimal Pay-as-Bid Procurement Mechanisms
Authors: Choi Je-ok , Saban Daniela , Weintraub Gabriel 
Published: January 2023

Problem definition: We consider the mechanism design problem of finding an optimal pay-as-bid mechanism in which a platform chooses an assortment of suppliers to balance the tradeoff between two objectives: providing enough variety to accommodate heterogeneous buyers, yet at low prices. Academic/practical relevance: Modern buying channels, including e-commerce and public procurement, often consist of a platform that mediates transactions. Frequently, these platforms implement simple and transparent mechanisms to induce suppliers’ direct participation, which typically results in pay-as-bid (or first-price) mechanisms where suppliers set their prices. Methodology: We introduce a novel class of assortment mechanisms that we call k-soft reserves (k-SRs): If at least k suppliers choose a price below the soft-reserve price, then only those suppliers are added to the assortment; otherwise, all the suppliers are added. Results: We show the optimality of k-SRs for a class of stylized symmetric models to derive the intuition behind these mechanisms. Then, through extensive numerical simulations, we provide evidence of the robustness of k-SRs in more general and realistic settings. Managerial implications: Our results give intuitive and simple-to-use prescriptions on how to optimize pay-as-bid assortment mechanisms in practice, with an emphasis on public procurement settings. Funding: J. Choi thanks the Samsung Scholarship and Stanford Graduate School of Business for financial support. G. Weintraub thanks Joseph and Laurie Lacob for the support during the 2018–2019 academic year as a Joseph and Laurie Lacob Faculty Scholar at Stanford Graduate School of Business. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1180 .
Silicon-based integrated polarization-independent magneto-optical isolator
Authors: Liu Shuyuan , Minemura Daiki , Shoji Yuya 
Published: January 2023

As indispensable components in optical communication systems, isolators
are used to ensure the stability of the system by blocking the
reflected lights. Because of the randomness of the reflected light
state in a complex optical circuit, polarization-independent isolators
are also needed; however, the silicon-based integrated isolators
reported so far still cannot meet this requirement. In this paper, we
propose a silicon-based waveguide-integrated polarization-independent
magneto-optical isolator. After processing by a CMOS compatible
process on the silicon platform, isolation ratios of 20 dB and
12 dB, as well as insertion losses of 4.6 dB and
8.2 dB, were measured corresponding to TE- and TM-polarized
input, respectively. This isolator is expected to be employed in
polarization multiplexing systems to further increase the integration
density.
Developing an assistive technology usability questionnaire for people with neurological diseases
Authors: Masbernat-Almenara Maria , Rubi-Carnacea Francesc , Opisso Eloy , Duarte-Oller Esther , Medina-Casanovas Josep , Valenzuela-Pascual Fran 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This study describes the development of a questionnaire for assessing the usability of assistive technologies accessible to people with neurological diseases.

Methods
A Delphi study was conducted to identify relevant items for the questionnaire. After that, the content validity was addressed to identify the essential items. Once the questionnaire was designed following the results of the Delphi study and content validity, the reliability, validity, and the Rasch model of the questionnaire were examined.

Results
Two rounds of the Delphi study were carried out. A total of 73 participants (42 experts and 31 users) participated in round 1, and 59 people (27 experts and 32 users) in round 2. A total of 53 and 29 items were identified in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. In the content validity, we found nine items above the threshold of 0.58. Finally, ten items were included in the questionnaire. Fifty-one participants participate in the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire analyzed by Cronbach’s Alpha was α = 0,895. There was moderate to considerable concordance among our questionnaire items test-retest in the Kappa coefficient and a strong association between test-retest in the Spearman’s coefficient ρ = 0.818 (p<0,001). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0,869 with a 95% confidence interval (0,781;0,923). There was a strong correlation between the total scores of the new questionnaire and other validated questionnaires analyzed with Spearman’s coefficient ρ = 0.756 (p<0,001). The ten items demonstrated a satisfactory fit to the Rasch model.

Conclusions
The present study suggested that the new questionnaire is a reliable 10-item usability questionnaire that allows subjective and quick assessment of the usability of assistive technologies by people with neurological diseases.
10-year survival outcome after clinically suspected acute myocarditis in adults: A nationwide study in the pre-COVID-19 era
Authors: Kim Mi-Jeong , Jung Hae Ok , Kim Hoseob , Bae Yoonjong , Lee So Young , Jeon Doo Soo 
Published: January 2023

Background
Clinical courses of acute myocarditis are heterogeneous in populations and geographic regions. There is a dearth of long-term outcomes data for acute myocarditis prior to the coronavirus disease pandemic, particularly in the older and female population. This study aimed to provide the nationwide epidemiologic approximates of clinically suspected acute myocarditis across adults of all ages over the long term.

Methods
From the nationwide governmental health insurance database, a retrospective cohort comprised all patients aged 20–79 who were hospitalized for clinically suspected acute myocarditis without underlying cardiac diseases from 2006 to 2018. The complicated phenotype was defined as requiring hemodynamic or major organ support. Over 10 years, all-cause mortality and index event-driven excess mortality were evaluated according to young-adult (20–39 years), mid-life (40–59 years), and older-adult (60–79 years) age groups.

Results
Among 2,988 patients (51.0±16.9 years, 46.2% women), 362 (12.1%) were of complicated phenotype. Of these, 163 (45.0%) had died within 1 month. All-cause death at 30 days occurred in 40 (4.7%), 52 (4.8%), and 105 (10.0%) patients in the young-adult, mid-life, and older-adult groups, respectively. For 10 years of follow-up, all-cause death occurred in 762 (25.5%). Even in young adult patients with non-complicated phenotypes, excess mortality remained higher compared to the general population.

Conclusion
In hospitalized patients with clinically suspected acute myocarditis, short-term mortality is high both in young and older adults, particularly those with comorbidities and severe clinical presentation. Furthermore, excess mortality remains high for at least 10 years after index hospitalization in young adults.
Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy and Their Maternal and Foetal Outcome in Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Vasani Asha Kuvarji  , Tahseen Fathima  , Susham S Shetty  , Chandaa Vinodkumar Jakkannavar  , Sangeetha K  , Radha Nair  , Nisarg Sutaria  , Pramukh Hegde  
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND
In pregnant women, thyroid disorders are common endocrine problems and due to non-specific symptoms and hyper-metabolic state of pregnancy they are often neglected. To know the prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women and their maternal and foetal outcome was the purpose of this study.
METHODS
This was an observational study which was conducted from 15th November 2021 to 15th May 2022 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Srinivas Medical College, Mukka, (Mangalore). Registration of one fifty pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in first trimester was done. Detailed history and examination was done. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) level evaluation was done apart from routine antenatal investigations.
RESULTS
Among 150 pregnant women, the prevalence of thyroid disorders is 14 (9.31 %). Subclinical hypothyroidism 9 (6 %) was the most common thyroid disorder observed. Maternal anaemia and eclampsia was most common complication 3 each (33.33 %). 1 (11 %) was antepartum haemorrhage. Thyroid disorder occurred during the 2nd trimester 58.33 %; 25 % and 16.66 % in 1st and 3rd trimester. Most commonly observed foetal birth weight in this study were between 2 - 2.5 kgs 7 (77.77 %). Most common foetal complication observed were foetal growth restriction (five) with spontaneous abortion and intra uterine foetal demise (IUFD) (one each) was noted. Out of all thyroid disorders associated with pregnancy, subclinical hypothyroidism is the most frequently noted. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism remain asymptomatic when not treated, but had bad obstetric and neonatal outcome, although less severe than overt hypothyroidism cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Timely screening of pregnant women is required during pregnancy for the prevention of pregnancy which helps in the early diagnosis and management of complications related to maternal and foetus due to thyroid disorders.
Study of Effect of Stress on Lactation in Postnatal Women
Authors: Tatapudi Susmitha Madhuri  , Moravineni Usha Rani  , Paidi Sirisha  
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND
Stress is a physiological response to psychological and physical demands. Cortisol is a stress hormone that is released in increasing quantities as pregnancy progresses. Stress is a cumulative effect of changing life events with failure of coping reflex that leads to chronic stress which repeatedly activates hypothalamic–pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis without relaxation response, to release excess cortisol. Duration of stress and its sites of action lead to decrease in lactation. In this study, we wanted to determine the relationship between stress and levels of maternal serum cortisol before and after the delivery and assess the relation between stress and milk output in the first week of post-partum period.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 96 pregnant women, using HOLMES-RAHE STRESS SCALE: categorized into mild, moderate, and severe stressed. Serum cortisol levels are assessed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay before and after delivery. Postnatal mothers were advised to breastfeed their newborns ten times a day after delivery and the baby's weight is measured using the baby-test weighing method using digital weighing machine at regular intervals for seven days. Mean serum cortisol levels were computed and compared with milk production.
RESULTS
48.9 % pregnant women were mildly, 29.1 % were moderately and 21.8 % severely stressed. Serum cortisol levels were significantly high (p < 0.05) in moderately and severely stressed women with significant reduction in milk volume when compared to mildly stressed women.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings of this study indicates that moderate and severe stressful events reduce lactation in post-natal women. More research is needed to understand relationship between stress, other maternal factors, and their impact on breastfeeding outcomes.
Reproductive Health Knowledge and Care Seeking Behavior of Bangladeshi School Going Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study in A Demajani Village Area of Bogura District
Authors: Rashid Sarawat 
Published: January 2023

The cultural context in Bangladesh generally discourages adolescent from giving opinions, speaking up or questioning adults. So their needs and vulnerabilities are often unaddressed and adolescent friendly services still unfamiliar concepts. In such cultural context, adolescent girls’ reproductive knowledge and healthcare seeking behaviour is important. Improper and delay in seeking care may also result in increased risk in the community. Understanding the pattern of healthcare-seeking behaviour could help public health practitioners and policy makers to improve the healthcare system and health promotion strategies. The objectives of the study were to unveil the adolescents’ girl knowledge on reproductive health. To elicit the types of care adolescent girl sought when they get ill and to identify determinates of the adolescent girl for seeking care. Focused group discussion and in-depth interview was conducted with adolescent unmarried school going girls at Demajani village under Bogura District on January 2023. The study followed by the health belief model. Respondents were going through the mental and physical changes as they were in adolescent stage. They leant about the reproductive health from their female family members. They share their physical problems with the peer group and tried to solve it by home remedies and then to the qualified doctor. Choice of treatment was dependent on their perceived susceptibility and severity. Respondents were depended on parent as they unmarried. Their family was motivated by the communities. Therefore their treatment seeking actives sometimes ignored the availability, affordability and accessibility of the health services.
Environmental landscape design and planning system based on computer vision and deep learning
Authors: Chen Xiubo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Environmental landscaping is known to build, plan, and manage landscapes that consider the ecology of a site and produce gardens that benefit both people and the rest of the ecosystem. Landscaping and the environment are combined in landscape design planning to provide holistic answers to complex issues. Seeding native species and eradicating alien species are just a few ways humans influence the region’s ecosystem. Landscape architecture is the design of landscapes, urban areas, or gardens and their modification. It comprises the construction of urban and rural landscapes via coordinating the creation and management of open spaces and economics, finding a job, and working within a confined project budget. There was a lot of discussion about global warming and water shortages. There is a lot of hope to be found even in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. AI is becoming more significant in many urban landscape planning and design elements with the advent of web 4.0 and Human-Centred computing. It created a virtual reality-based landscape to create deep neural networks (DNNs) to make deep learning (DL) more user-friendly and efficient. Users may only manipulate physical items in this environment to manually construct neural networks. These setups are automatically converted into a model, and the real-time testing set is reported and aware of the DNN models that users are producing. This research presents a novel strategy for combining DL-DNN with landscape architecture, providing a long-term solution to the problem of environmental pollution. Carbon dioxide levels are constantly checked when green plants are in and around the house. Plants, on either hand, remove toxins from the air, making it easier to maintain a healthy environment. Human-centered Artificial Intelligence-based web 4.0 may be used to assess and evaluate the data model. The study findings can be sent back into the design process for further modification and optimization.