bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SlGSTE8 in Spodoptera litura participated in the resistance to phoxim and chlorpyrifos
Authors: Xu Li , Liu Hongyu , He Chengshuai , Li Bo , Li Dongzhi , Song Genmiao , Liu Runqiang , Zhou Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) were reported to participate in insecticide resistance by metabolic and antioxidant activities. In our previous study, an ε class gene of GSTs, SlGSTe8 in Spodoptera litura, was screened out to be upregulated in a population resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates. SlGSTe8 was highly expressed in the larvae stage, and the digestive tissue, foregut, midgut and hindgut, while the relative expression level was low in the pupae stage and other tissues. To further explore its role in the resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates, the metabolic activity to insecticides by its recombinant protein was determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography, and its antioxidant enzyme activity was evaluated by disc diffusion assay. The recombinant protein showed significant metabolic activity to phoxim and chlorpyrifos, but not to fenvalerate, cyhalothrin or β‐cypermethrin. After incubation, the depletion rate of chlorpyrifos is 85.3%, higher than that of phoxim (17.5%). Also, the inhibition zone around filter discs decreased significantly after exposure to cumene hydroperoxide in recombinant plasmid than vector only, suggesting significant antioxidant activity of SlGSTE8. Further modelling and docking analysis indicated that the 3D structure of SlGSTE8 was well shaped for phoxim and chlorpyrifos, with the binding energy −5.58 and −5.15 kcal/mol, respectively. Our work provides evidence that SlGSTe8 in S. litura plays important roles in phoxim and chlorpyrifos resistance.
A deep reinforcement learning‐based maintenance optimization for vacuum packaging machines considering product quality degradation
Authors: Jiménez Hanser , Aribisala Adetoye , Cavalcante Cristiano , Do Phuc , Lee Chi‐Guhn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVacuum loss in packaged meats can lead to product defects resulting in significant economic losses and negative public health issues. Therefore, it is crucial to study the degradation of components that are critical for the provision of vacuum and package sealing to enhance system availability and process safety. Accordingly, this article proposes a condition‐based maintenance policy that integrates quality information considering meat cuts that lack proper vacuum as defective items. A deep reinforcement learning algorithm is used to learn a set of adequate maintenance actions to be performed at each maintenance inspection while maximizing the system availability and/or minimizing the total maintenance cost including the cost of producing defectives items. A numerical case study and benchmarking were performed, demonstrating that the proposed model surpasses the corrective maintenance policy. It leads to a 2.2% increase in system reliability, a 91% reduction in maintenance costs, a 93% reduction in defects identified in production, and a 90% reduction in defects identified on supermarket shelves. Such results demonstrate that the model can (i) prescribe maintenance actions at each inspection according to critical degradation states; (ii) exploit maintenance opportunities that lead to economic savings; and (iii) reduce product reprocessing and propagation of defects to shelves.Practical applicationsA new machine learning‐based maintenance model promises to revolutionize the vacuum packaging industry by enhancing system reliability, reducing costs, and improving product quality. The model enables managers to make dynamic decisions based on the system state, avoiding inefficient maintenance planning and ensuring maximum productivity. By predicting quality performance through vacuum condition, the model allows for timely decision‐making and reduces the need for costly laboratory analysis. The free‐model's estimation of structural and economic relations of components enables managers to retrain and adapt maintenance policies for optimal system performance. With improved system reliability and reduced production of non‐conforming items, the industry can reduce reprocessing costs, contamination risks, and protect brand image by ensuring better control over meat hygiene. This new approach to maintenance optimization has significant implications for process safety, efficiency of operations, and profits of the vacuum packaging industry, making it a potential game‐changer in the field.
Improving light microscopy training routines with evidence‐based education
Authors: Imreh Gabriela , Hu Jianjiang , Le Guyader Sylvie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe low reproducibility of scientific data published in articles has recently become a cause of concern in many scientific fields. Data involving light microscopy is no exception. The low awareness of researchers of the technologies they use in their research has been identified as one of the main causes of the problem. Potential solutions have hinted at the need to improve technological and methodological education within research.Despite the pivotal role of microscopy core facilities in the education of researchers being well documented, facility staff (FS) often learn their trade on the job, without receiving themselves any structured education about the technology they teach others to use. Additionally, despite endorsing an important role at the highest level of education, most FS never receive any training in pedagogy, the field of research on teaching and learning methods.In this article, we argue that the low level of awareness that researchers have of microscopy stems from a knowledge gap formed between them and microscopy FS during training routines. On the one hand, FS consider that their teaching task is to explain what is needed to produce reliable data. On the other, despite understanding what is being taught, researchers fail to learn the most challenging aspects of microscopy, those involving their judgement and reasoning. We suggest that the misunderstanding between FS and researchers is due to FS not being educated in pedagogy and thus often confusing understanding and learning.To bridge this knowledge gap and improve the quality of the microscopy education available to researchers, we propose a paradigm shift where training staff at technological core facilities be acknowledged as full‐fledged teachers and offered structured education not only in the technology they teach but also in pedagogy. We then suggest that training routines at facilities be upgraded to follow the principles of the Constructive Alignment pedagogical method. We give an example of how this can be applied to existing microscopy training routines. We also describe a model to define where the responsibility of FS in training researchers begins and ends.This involves a major structural change where university staff involved in teaching research technologies themselves receive appropriate education. For this to be achieved, we advocate that funding agencies, universities, microscopy and core facility organisations mobilise resources of time and funding. Such changes may involve funding the creation and development of ‘Train‐the‐trainer’ type of courses and giving incentives for FS to upgrade their technological and pedagogical knowledge, for example by including them in career paths. We believe that this paradigm shift is necessary to improve the level of microscopy education and ultimately the reproducibility of published data.
Customized planning of the visible maxillary arch width in harmony with interparopia width and smile width for female facial aesthetics
Authors: Yang Xianrui , Justus Roberto , Li Bin , Xue Chaoran , Lee I‐Ting (David) , Guo Yongwen , Bai Ding , Han Xianglong , Xu Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe visible maxillary arch width (VAW) is an important aesthetic‐determining feature. To date, there is no well‐established methodology to determine the aesthetically optimal VAW in customized treatment planning.MethodsIn this study, the common traits of the dentofacial configuration were investigated in most attractive Asian and Caucasian female smiles. The smiling photo of a subject was digitally modified based on combined variations of VAW, smile width (SW), transverse facial dimensions (TFD), and vertical facial dimensions. These modified photos were assessed for aesthetics. The aesthetically essential parameters were identified, and their mathematic correlations and reference ranges were determined for different vertical facial patterns. Using the obtained results, a mathematic guidance was constructed for customized smile designing. The applicability of this guidance was tested in Asian females.ResultsThe most attractive Asian and Caucasian female smiles have intraracial and interracial commonalities in the VAW‐to‐TFD ratios. The interparopia width (IPD) predominated over facial widths in determining well‐matched VAW and SW. For optimal smile aesthetics, the VAW and SW were correlated as simulated by the formula 1.92 IPD ≤ VAW + 2.3 SW ≤ 2.17 IPD, plus the VAW‐to‐IPD ratio within 0.54 to 0.62 and the SW‐to‐IPD ratio within 0.61 to 0.71, ranges tailored to vertical facial patterns. This constitutes a mathematic guidance for customized planning of the aesthetically optimal VAW. This guidance was preliminarily validated to be applicable to Asian females.ConclusionsThe VAW‐to‐TFD ratios were essential for Caucasian and Asian female smile aesthetics. The mathematic guidance could serve as a reference for customized smile designs for Asian females.
Analysis of the Ability of a Distal Tibial Anatomical Locking Plate to Capture the Distal Tibial Fragments in Patients with Pilon Fractures
Authors: Liu Jun‐Hong , Zhang Qiang , Wei Guo‐Hua , Liu Liang , Mu Xin , Li Mao‐Lin , Wu Zong‐De 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveAlthough pilon fractures are rare in clinical practice, they are difficult to treat because of their complexity. Effective fixation of the fracture fragment is the key to the treatment of pilon fractures. Plate osteosynthesis is common clinically, but there are many types of plates and the evaluation of the effect of fixation plates is not comprehensive.This study attempted to compare the capture effect of different fixation plates on the fracture fragments based on 3D modeling and fine distinctions of fracture fragments.MethodsThe computed tomography (CT) images before treatment of 127 patients with pilon fractures from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. The fracture lines were mapped and digitally displayed as 3D images using MIMICS 21 software. APLUS distal tibia anatomical locking plate (Plate A) and ZIMMER distal tibia anatomical plate (Plate B) were placed on a pseudo‐bone model and CT scans were used to determine the number of screws in the major and minor fragments of pilon fractures. The frequency of the two plates capturing the fracture fragments was recorded.ResultsUnder Assumption 1 or 2, Plate A performed significantly better than Plate B in capturing the major, Chaput, Volkmann, medial malleolus, and die‐punch fracture fragments. Plate A captured markedly more minor fragments than Plate B under Assumption 2 but was not significantly different from Plate B under Assumption 1. Plate A or Plate B showed no obvious difference between major and minor capture rates under the same assumption, and A1 or B1 showed a markedly higher capture rate compared with A2 or B2. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the major capture rate and the major fragments in B1, and a significant negative correlation between the minor capture rate and the minor fragments in Plates A and B. However, there was no correlation between the major capture rate of Plate A and the major fragments.ConclusionThe APLUS distal tibial anatomical locking plate is superior to the ZIMMER distal tibia anatomical plate in the ability to capture distal tibial fragments in pilon fracture cases.
Anatomical characteristics of the alveolar process and basal bone that have an effect on socket healing
Authors: Araújo Maurício G. , Dias Debora R. , Matarazzo Flavia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFollowing tooth extraction, a sequence of events takes place in order to close the wound and restore tissue homeostasis, a process called socket healing. The outcome of socket healing includes a marked reduction of the ridge dimensions. The amount of tissue loss that occurs during healing is influenced by several local and systemic factors. Thus, the aim of the present review was to describe the effect of anatomical characteristics of the alveolar process and basal bone on the socket healing outcome. The studies included showed that the quantity (number) and quality (composition) of socket walls exhibited a significant influence on the ridge diminution. A damaged socket (3 walls or less), as well as a thin buccal bone wall, which quickly resorbs negatively affected the healing outcome. Periodontally compromised sockets appeared to promote more extensive dimensional changes. Angulation between tooth and basal bone in addition to basal bone dimensions may also have altered the wound environment and influenced socket healing. The findings from the present review suggest that some anatomical characteristics of the alveolar process and basal bone have an effect on socket healing.
Delineating beauty: On form and the boundaries of the aesthetic
Authors: Paris Panos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhilosophical aesthetics has recently been expanding its purview—with exciting work on everyday aesthetics, somaesthetics, gustatory aesthetics, and the aesthetics of imperceptibilia like mathematics and human character—reclaiming territory that was lost during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when the discipline begun concentrating almost exclusively on the philosophy of art and restricted the aesthetic realm to the distally perceptible. Yet there remains considerable reluctance towards acknowledging the aesthetic character of many of these objects. This raises an important question—partly made salient again by the ongoing expansion of the aesthetic domain, and partly by the fact that many still seem resistant to this aesthetic diversification—which aestheticians seem to avoid: what, if anything, constrains the scope of beauty or the aesthetic? I argue that form, construed as comprising a degree, however minimal, of experienceable complexity, is necessary and sufficient for an object's candidature for the possession of aesthetic properties. Such a condition serves to discriminate between attempts to expand the scope of the aesthetic that are legitimate and those that are not. If correct, my view suggests that the aesthetic realm, though not limitless, is very broad indeed—but this, I think, is as it should be.
Moving beyond stereotype: A qualitative study of long‐standing recipients of the Indonesian conditional cash transfers (CCT/PKH)
Authors: Habibullah Habibullah , Yuda Tauchid Komara , Setiawan Hari Harjanto , Susantyo Badrun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis qualitative study explores the experiences and attitudes of welfare recipients towards Indonesia's conditional cash transfer (CCT/PKH) program. The specific objectives of our paper include examining the program's impact on impoverished families, their response to stereotyping, and the implications of stereotyping for government policy among Indonesian low‐income families. We conducted twenty in‐depth interviews with key stakeholders (program professionals, community leaders, program facilitators) and end‐users (beneficiaries). Despite the attached stereotype, our findings show that not all beneficiaries with improved socioeconomic conditions wish to leave the program. In many cases, this occurs as beneficiaries use their CCT/PKH accounts as collateral to borrow from unregulated lenders and repay their debts. A few instances where we found self‐voluntary withdrawal from the program were only caused by the shame of receiving stickers attached to their homes – not because of their social‐economic status improvement – leading to difficulty affording their necessities afterwards. Overall, the finding that individuals, whether eligible or not, are not ashamed to claim PKH, despite the stigma attached to the program, contrasts with studies on welfare stigma, claiming that stigma can prevent individuals from claiming their welfare rights.
Insufficient measles antibody protection in 6‐month‐old Malawian infants: Reconsider vaccination schedule?
Authors: Baroncelli Silvia , Galluzzo Clementina Maria , Orlando Stefano , Luhanga Richard , Mphwere Robert , Kavalo Thom , Amici Roberta , Floridia Marco , Andreotti Mauro , Ciccacci Fausto , Marazzi Maria Cristina , Giuliano Marina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeasles vaccination is currently recommended at 9 months, since maternal antibodies are supposed to protect infants until that age. In this study of 6‐month‐old Malawian infants 98.3% (58/59) had non‐protective IgG levels against measles, irrespective of HIV exposure. Anticipating the first dose at 6 months could be considered.
Can regional cooperation mitigate the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on greenfield investments? Evidence from the belt and road initiative
Authors: Fang Jing , Lu Yue , Yao Shujie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on greenfield investments using a large panel dataset comprising 78 countries and regions at the monthly level from January 2019 to August 2021 (32 months). Particular attention is paid to whether the Belt and Road (BRI), a regional cooperation initiative, contributes to mitigating these shocks. Three indicators are used to measure greenfield investments, i.e., capital inflows, projects and employees. The lockdown measure due to the pandemic is used to conduct a difference‐in‐difference analysis. This paper finds that the pandemic significantly reduces global greenfield investments, while the BRI participants experience a lesser shock than the non‐BRI countries (regions). Robustness checks using the numbers of monthly confirmed cases and deaths also support the role of the initiative in helping the BRI participants to mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic on greenfield investments.
Association of blood donor characteristics and in vitro haemolysis of packed red blood cell concentrates during storage
Authors: Dhawan Bhuvandeep , Mittal Kshitija , Kaur Paramjit , Jaswal Shivani , Tahlan Anita , Kaur Ravneet , Sood Tanvi , Kaur Gagandeep , Rohilla Ravi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood donor variability can affect the storage properties of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). This study aimed to determine the association of donor characteristics with in vitro storage haemolysis of PRBCs.Materials and MethodsIn the prospective observational study, a total of 109 whole blood donors were enrolled using the purposive sampling method. A pre‐donation sample was collected for haemoglobin (Hb) and serum uric acid (UA) levels. PRBC aliquots were tested for potassium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Hb, haematocrit, plasma Hb and haemolysis on days 1, 21 and 35 of storage. The association of these parameters with donor age, sex, donation status, dietary pattern and body mass index was determined.ResultsMean haemolysis was significantly higher in PRBCs from donors with UA levels ≤6 mg/dL than donors with UA levels >6 mg/dL on day 35 of storage (0.22 ± 0.11 vs. 0.18 ± 0.07, p = 0.03). Median plasma Hb (mg/L) was significantly higher in PRBCs from first‐time donors on day 21 (586 vs. 509, p = 0.05) and day 35 (1507 vs. 1358, p = 0.02) of storage in comparison to frequent donors. Significantly higher mean potassium (p = 0.04 day 1; p = 0.02 day 21) and median LDH values (p = 0.02 day 1, p = 0.05 day 21) were observed in PRBCs from male donors. A statistically significant positive association was observed between donor UA and LDH levels of PRBCs on day 35 of storage (β coefficient: 715.52, p‐value: 0.003) on multiple regression analysis.ConclusionIn vitro haemolysis of PRBCs is affected by blood donor characteristics.
Influence of External Magnetic Field on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Pressure Vessel Steel (SA 516 Grade 70) Welds Using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Authors: Shakya Paramjeet , Singh Kulwant , Arya Harish Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The mechanical and metallurgical properties of the weld play the most important role in the performance of welds which needs to be enhanced. The superimposing external magnetic field to the welding arc provided wonderful and favorable results for improving the shape and properties of the weld. In this research, different configurations of specially designed electromagnets were used to investigate their effects on the weld characteristics of SA 516 grade 70 welds. It was observed that 0–0–S–N configuration yielded maximum penetration (3.92 mm) compared with other configurations as well as the conventional gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Tensile test, Charpy impact test and microhardness were performed to investigate the mechanical properties and microstructure analysis was used to determine the metallurgical properties of the weld joints. The results show that the tensile strength, impact strength, and microhardness of magnetically controlled GTAW (MC-GTAW) weld was 620 MPa, 275 J and 198 HV respectively which is 3.16%, 22.76%, and 1.51% higher than the weld produced by GTAW process. It has also been observed that electromagnetic stirring refined the microstructure of the weld pool. The average grain size of MC-GTAW weld was 31.035 μm whereas 42.558 μm average grain was obtained in conventional GTAW weld. The electromagnetic stirring enhanced the weld cooling rate resulting in the formation of more acicular ferrite which is desirable.
Using Mobile 360° Video as a Tool for Enhancing Sport Referee Performance: A Case Study
Authors: Cunningham Ian , Roche Lionel , Mascarenhas Duncan 
Published: August 2023

Many new video-based technologies (e.g., eye trackers, point-of-view camera) have been integrated into sport referee performance monitoring and training. Mobile 360° video (an omnidirectional video-capture tool affixed to the referee during their performance using a chest harness) provides moving images recorded from a first-person perspective. This case study explored rugby union referees’ and referee coaches’ engagement with mobile 360° video during a viewing of another referee’s performance. Using an other-confrontation interview approach, referees’ and referee coaches’ cognitive activity (interests, concerns, noticing, and knowledge) while viewing mobile 360° video was elicited and studied. Participants experienced heightened immersion in the situation, as well as enhanced discovery and noticing behavior, and they constructed different types of embodied and corporeal knowledge. Using a rugby union setting, this occurred through enhanced perceptual involvement provided by mobile 360° video for reflection on referee positioning and movement, contextual inference about decisions, and sensitivity to player cues and interactions. This study provides preliminary evidence for the utility and acceptability of mobile 360° video as a pedagogical innovation in referee training to enhance referees’ decision making, game management, and reflexivity. Limitations, challenges, and applications of immersive mobile 360° video as a pedagogical tool in rugby union refereeing and other sports are discussed.