bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real Estate Insights The increasing importance of the “S” dimension in ESG
Authors: Newell Graeme 
Published: March 2023

PurposeEnvironment, social and governance (ESG) has taken on increased importance in recent years. This paper assesses the increasing importance of the social (“S”) dimension of ESG in the real estate space and the strategies being used by the leading real estate players to deliver this important aspect of ESG. This includes gender equality, cultural diversity, staff wellness, supply chain management and community engagement. It also indicates the need for an increased level of metrics in the S space for the effective delivery and external validation of the S dimension into real estate investment decision-making.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on a thorough understanding of the ESG environment in the real estate industry by the author. Best practice examples regarding the S dimension are given from the ESG/sustainability reports from real estate players in Australia who are leaders in the ESG space.FindingsExcellent examples of the delivery of the S dimension are reported from the ESG/sustainability reports from the real estate industry. Whilst there is an increasing range of S information being reported in the real estate industry, there is a need for more metrics to effectively report this S information to indicate its key role in seeing the S dimension being delivered for the fuller integration of ESG at all levels of the real estate industry. The external validation of this S information will also take on increased importance going forward.Practical implicationsWith ESG becoming a critical issue in the real estate sector, issues involved in the S space will take on increased significance. This is critical, as the elements of the S dimension such as gender equality, cultural diversity, staff wellness, community engagement and supply chain management are important aspects for an effectively functioning real estate industry. More metrics in the S space will be an important development to further expand the delivery and external validation of the S space of ESG.Originality/valueThis paper is the first paper to specifically address the need for more focus on delivering the S dimension of ESG in the real estate industry, highlighted by best practice examples from the real estate industry in Australia. This is a key issue for the real estate industry going forward at all levels to facilitate more effective real estate investment decision-making.
A Conceptual Framework for Optimizing the Equity of Hospital‐Based Emergency Care: The Structure of Hospital Transfer Networks
Authors: HSUAN CHARLEEN , CARR BRENDAN G. , VANNESS DAVID , WANG YINAN , LESLIE DOUGLAS L. , DUNHAM ELEANOR , ROGOWSKI JEANNETTE A. 
Published: March 2023

Policy Points
Current pay‐for‐performance and other payment policies ignore hospital transfers for emergency conditions, which may exacerbate disparities.
No conceptual framework currently exists that offers a patient‐centered, population‐based perspective for the structure of hospital transfer networks.
The hospital transfer network equity‐quality framework highlights the external and internal factors that determine the structure of hospital transfer networks, including structural inequity and racism.
ContextEmergency care includes two key components: initial stabilization and transfer to a higher level of care. Significant work has focused on ensuring that local facilities can stabilize patients. However, less is understood about transfers for definitive care. To better understand how transfer network structure impacts population health and equity in emergency care, we proposea conceptual framework, the hospital transfer network equity‐quality model (NET‐EQUITY). NET‐EQUITY can help optimize population outcomes, decrease disparities, and enhance planning by supporting a framework for understanding emergency department transfers.MethodsTo develop the NET‐EQUITY framework, we synthesized work on health systems and quality of health care (Donabedian, the Institute of Medicine, Ferlie, and Shortell) and the research framework of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities with legal and empirical research.FindingsThe central thesis of our framework is that the structure of hospital transfer networks influences patient outcomes, as defined by the Institute of Medicine, which includes equity. The structure of hospital transfer networks is shaped by internal and external factors. The four main external factors are the regulatory, economic environment, provider, and sociocultural and physical/built environment. These environments all implicate issues of equity that are important to understand to foster an equitable population‐based system of emergency care. The framework highlights external and internal factors that determine the structure of hospital transfer networks, including structural racism and inequity.ConclusionsThe NET‐EQUITY framework provides a patient‐centered, equity‐focused framework for understanding the health of populations and how the structure of hospital transfer networks can influence the quality of care that patients receive.
Federal–local partnerships on immigration law enforcement: Are the policies effective in reducing violent victimization?
Authors: Baumer Eric P. , Xie Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryOur understanding of how immigration enforcement impacts crime has been informed exclusively by data from police crime statistics. This study complements existing research by using longitudinal multilevel data from the National Crime Victimization Survey for 2005–2014 to simultaneously assess the impact of the three predominant immigration policies that have been implemented in local communities. The results indicate that the activation of Secure Communities and 287(g) task force agreements significantly increased violent victimization risk among Latinos, whereas they showed no evident impact on victimization risk among non‐Latino Whites and Blacks. The activation of 287(g) jail enforcement agreements and anti‐detainer policies had no significant impact on violent victimization risk during the period.Policy ImplicationsContrary to their stated purpose of enhancing public safety, our results show that the Secure Communities program and 287(g) task force agreements did not reduce crime, but instead eroded security in U.S. communities by increasing the likelihood that Latinos experienced violent victimization. These results support the Federal government's ending of 287(g) task force agreements and its more recent move to end the Secure Communities program. Additionally, the results of our study add to the evidence challenging claims that anti‐detainer policies pose a threat to violence risk.
Effects of prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes mellitus on deep grey matter structures and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children
Authors: Nivins Samson , Klingberg Torkel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe neuronal mechanism linking the association between maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) and risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and working memory deficits in children was investigated.MethodsA total of 6291 children (52% boys) born beyond 28 weeks of gestation were included and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at 9–10 years. Subcortical brain volumes were estimated from the T1‐weighted images. ADHD symptoms were assessed using factorial analysis of the Child Behaviour Checklist completed by parents/caregivers. Working memory performance was assessed with the NIH Toolbox.ResultsCompared to unexposed children, those exposed to DM (n = 422) had smaller (β = −0.15, p = 0.001) volumes of pooled deep grey matter (GM). Regional analysis revealed smaller volumes of the caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus and cerebellum but not of hippocampus. They also had altered cortico‐striatal white matter projection tracts. DM was not associated with working memory deficits or inattention, but with increased hyperactivity/impulsivity and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo symptoms in boys. This hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom in boys was partially mediated by smaller deep GM volume.ConclusionExposure to DM during pregnancy leads to altered deep GM development during late childhood in their offspring. This contributed to an increased risk of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in boys.
Treatment with methylphenidate and the risk of fractures among children and young people: A systematic review and self‐controlled case series study
Authors: Gao Le , Man Kenneth K. C. , Fan Min , Ge Grace M. Q. , Lau Wallis C. Y. , Cheung Ching‐Lung , Coghill David , Ip Patrick , Wong Kirstie H. T. W. , Wong Ian C. K. 
Published: March 2023

AimsAnimal studies suggest that methylphenidate treatment for around 3 months may lead to less mineralized and weaker appendicular bones. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the evidence from observational studies, and a self‐controlled case series study was used to compare the risk before and after treatment initiation.MethodsLiterature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify observational studies on methylphenidate and fractures. We also conducted a self‐controlled case series study with individuals aged 5–24 years who received methylphenidate treatment and experienced fractures from 2001 to 2020 in Hong Kong. Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by comparing the incidence rate in the methylphenidate‐exposed period compared with nonexposed period.ResultsSix cohort studies and 2 case–control studies were included in the systematic review. For all‐cause fractures, studies found a 39–74% lower risk in treated‐attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group compared with untreated ADHD but no difference between stimulants and nonstimulants. Differences between sexes and treatment duration were also found—significant results were shown in males and those with longer treatment duration. Among 43 841 individuals with ADHD medication before the year 2020, 2023 were included in the self‐controlled case series analysis. The risks of fractures were lower by 32–41% in different treatment periods when compared with 6 months before treatment initiation.ConclusionMethylphenidate treatment may lower the risk of all‐cause fractures from both study designs; however, further evidence is needed about the treatment duration and sex effect. Conclusions on stress fractures are not yet established, and further research is required.
Discrepancies between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase phenotyping and genotyping: What are the explanatory factors?
Authors: Arrivé Capucine , Fonrose Xavier , Thomas Fabienne , Roth Gaël , Jacquet Emmanuelle , Brice Aurélie , Chirica Carole , Farneti Delphine , Frenoux Coralie , Stanke‐Labesque Françoise , Gautier‐Veyret Elodie 
Published: March 2023

AimDihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency can be detected by phenotyping (measurement of plasma uracil [U], with U ≥ 16 μg/L defining a partial deficiency) and/or by genotyping (screening for the four most frequent DPYD variants). We aimed to determine the proportion of discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic approaches and to identify possible explanatory factors.MethodsData from patients who underwent both phenotyping and genotyping were retrospectively collected. Complementary genetic analyses (genotyping of the variant c.557A>G and DPYD sequencing) were performed for patients with U ≥ 16 μg/L without any common variants. The characteristics of patients classified according to the congruence of the phenotyping and genotyping approaches were compared (Kruskal–Wallis test), and determinants of U levels were studied in the whole cohort (linear model).ResultsAmong the 712 included patients, phenotyping and genotyping were discordant for 12.5%, with 63 (8.8%) having U ≥ 16 μg/L in the absence of a common variant. Complementary genetic investigations marginally reduced the percentage of discrepancies to 12.1%: Among the nine additional identified variants, only the c.557A>G variant, carried by three patients, had been previously reported to be associated with DPD deficiency. Liver dysfunction could explain certain discordances, as ASAT, ALP, GGT and bilirubin levels were significantly elevated, with more frequent liver metastases in patients with U ≥ 16 μg/L and the absence of a DPYD variant. The impact of cytolysis was confirmed, as ASAT levels were independently associated with increased U (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe frequent discordances between DPD phenotyping and genotyping approaches highlight the need to perform these two approaches to screen for all DPD deficiencies.
Why we need to re‐define long‐term success for people living with HIV
Authors: Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca Maria J. , Wohl David A. , Cascio Mario , Guaraldi Giovanni , Rockstroh Jürgen , Hodson Matthew , Richman Bruce , Brown Gina , Anderson Jane , Lazarus Jeffrey V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the past few decades, the life expectancy of people living with HIV has markedly improved due to the advances in HIV diagnosis, linkage to care, and treatment. However, with these advances, a new set of challenges has emerged that must be addressed to ensure the long‐term well‐being of people living with HIV. In this article, as part of a wider journal supplement, we explore the unmet needs and challenges across the HIV continuum of care and re‐define what long‐term success looks like to support the healthy ageing of all people affected by HIV.
Video‐based paired comparison to evaluate some cosmetic products under camera movement for dynamic performance
Authors: Yokoyama Emilie , Francois Ghislain , Harrar Margalith , Bachatene Chafik , Udodaira Kumiko , Trévisan Solène , Nicolas Alexandre , Velleman Damien , Flament Frederic 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveUntil now, standardized evaluation of cosmetic effects was conducted mainly in still conditions such as pictures. In real life, the consumers' experience of their cosmetics' effects is dynamic and some of the benefits can be better observed under movement. In order to capture motion‐related performance of cosmetics, we developed a video‐based paired comparison on an online platform.MethodsWe validated this new tool through the evaluation of eyeshadow with high light reflection and colour gradation, especially visible under motion according to the observer point of view. This formula was compared with two marketed benchmarks. The three products were applied sequentially on the eyelid of eight Japanese women. Videos were taken in standardized light, speed and face position with a rotating camera around the face. The videos were uploaded on an online secured platform and eyelid 3D effect, highlight and colour gradation were evaluated through paired comparison test by 60 Japanese women from home on their PC or tablets. Those results were compared with picture‐based paired comparison by the same observers.ResultsVideo‐based paired comparison provided higher discrimination of products compared to picture‐based comparison.ConclusionAs compared to still camera acquisition, the evaluation of cosmetics based on videos is closer to real‐life experience and can bring higher discrimination, especially for motion‐related attributes.
The role of standard‐setting organizations in deciding product quality and process innovation
Authors: Nabin Munirul , Sgro Pasquale , Lahiri Surjasama 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe analyze the effect that the presence of a standard‐setting organization (SSO) has on firms' choices of product quality and costly research and development (R&D) investment when consumers face uncertainty regarding product standardization. We construct a theoretical model with competing firms and compare frameworks where: (i) an SSO is exogenously absent and (ii) an SSO is present. Our first finding is a negative relationship between firms' product‐quality choices and R&D investment. The presence of the SSO standardizes quality which can be profitable for firms. Finally, we find conditions where the presence of an SSO could lead to welfare enhancement.
Molecular spectrum of α‐ and β‐thalassemia among individuals of reproductive age in the Zhuhai region of southern China
Authors: Wang Xingmin , Huang Haoyang , Zhao Yanling , Zhou Yuqiu , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Ge 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThalassemia is the most common monogenic disease in South and Southeast Asia. An accurate assessment of the relative frequency and composition of thalassemia mutations is important for the design of appropriate strategies to prevent the disease. In this study, we aimed to decode the molecular characterization of thalassemia mutations in Zhuhai region of southern China.MethodsA total of 8048 individuals who were potential thalassemia carriers were enrolled. Gap‐polymerase chain reaction (Gap‐PCR) and reverse dot‐blot (RDB) hybridization methods were employed to detect common deletional and non‐deletional thalassemia mutations. Multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and Sanger sequencing were used to analyze and verify rare and complex mutations.ResultsWe diagnosed 3433 individuals as thalassemia carriers or patients. Of these, 2395 (69.76%) individuals with α‐thalassemia harbored 13 α‐globin gene mutations. The three most common α‐thalassemia mutations were ‐‐SEA (60.08%), ‐α3.7 (20.62%) and ‐α4.2 (9.25%). We diagnosed 903 (26.30%) individuals with β‐thalassemia and identified 20 β‐globin gene mutations, of which the three most frequent were CD41/42 (‐TCTT) (38.10%), IVS‐II‐654 (C>T) (23.69%) and TATAbox‐28 (A>G) (15.18%). In addition, we identified 15 rare thalassemia variants. We also summarized the association between the thalassemia genotype and hematological parameters, which demonstrated the broad phenotypic heterogeneity caused by globin gene mutations.ConclusionThis is the first survey of thalassemia molecular epidemiology and hematological phenotype in Zhuhai region. It uncovered a high prevalence and complex molecular spectrum of thalassemia. These findings can be used as a basis for thalassemia diagnosis, counseling and prevention management.
Metabolic regulation of the circadian clock in classically and alternatively activated macrophages
Authors: Honzlová Petra , Sumová Alena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMacrophages exhibit a range of functional pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory states that induce changes in their cellular metabolism. We aimed to elucidate whether these changes affect the molecular properties of their circadian clock focusing on their anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Primary cell cultures of bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs; nonpolarized M0 BMDM) from PER2::LUC (fusion protein of PERIOD2 and LUCIFERASE) mice were polarized into the M1 (proinflammatory) or M2 (anti‐inflammatory) phenotype, and PER2‐driven bioluminescence was recorded in real‐time at the cell‐population and single‐cell levels. Viability, clock gene expression profiles, polarization plasticity and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) protein levels were analyzed. The effects of pharmacological activation/inhibition of PPARγ (rosiglitazone/GW9662) and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by etomoxir in M2 BMDM cell cultures were examined. The parameters of PER2‐driven bioluminescence rhythms differed between M0, M1 and M2 BMDM cultures at cell‐population and single‐cell levels. Compared with M0, polarization to M2 did not change the period but increased amplitude, mean bioluminescence level and rhythm persistence. Polarization to M1 shortened the period but had no effect on the amplitude of the rhythm. The same period changes were observed after a bidirectional switch between M1‐ and M2‐polarized states in the same culture. Both PPARγ activation/inhibition and FAO inhibition modulated the clock in M2 BMDMs, suggesting metabolic regulation of the M2 clock. Our results indicate that bidirectional changes in the properties of BMDM circadian clocks in response to their actual polarization are mediated via changes in their metabolic state. They provide new information on the interrelationship between the BMDM polarization, their circadian clock and cellular metabolism.
Barcoding, linear and nonlinear analysis of full‐day leg movements in infants with typical development and infants at risk of developmental disabilities: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Deng Weiyang , Marmelat Vivien , Vanderbilt Douglas L. , Gennaro Federico , Smith Beth A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraditional methods do not capture the multidimensional domains and dynamic nature of infant behavioral patterns. We aim to compare full‐day, in‐home leg movement data between infants with typical development (TD) and infants at risk of developmental disabilities (AR) using barcoding and nonlinear analysis. Eleven infants with TD (2–10 months) and nine infants AR (adjusted age: 2–14 months) wore a sensor on each ankle for 7 days. We calculated the standard deviation for linear variability and sample entropy (SampEn) of leg acceleration and angular velocity for nonlinear variability. Movements were also categorized into 16 barcoding states, and we calculated the SampEn and proportions of the barcoding. All variables were compared between the two groups using independent‐samples t‐test or Mann‐Whitney U test. The AR group had larger linear variability compared to the TD group. SampEn was lower in the AR group compared to TD group for both acceleration and angular velocity. Two barcoding states’ proportions were significantly different between the two groups. The results showed that nonlinear analysis and barcoding could be used to identify the difference of dynamic multidimensional movement patterns between infants AR and infants with TD. This information may help early diagnosis of developmental disabilities in the future.
Oxidation behaviors of low carbon MgO‐C refractories: Roles of Ti2AlC and Ti2AlN
Authors: Chen Junfeng , Du Yifei , Zhang Yu , Nath Mithun , Yan Wen , Wei Yaowu , Zhang Shaowei , Li Nan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, Ti2AlC/Ti2AlN powders were first incorporated to fabricate low‐carbon MgO‐C refractories, and their oxidation behaviors were investigated. Computed tomography (CT) results indicated that stress cracks only occurred in the Ti2AlC‐added sample after exposure to 1100°C, and the anomalous oxidation behavior of Ti2AlC powder at 578°C worsened the oxidation result at 1100°C for MgO‐C refractories with Ti2AlC. At 1500°C, the oxidation behaviors of MgO‐Ti2AlC/Ti2AlN‐C samples revealed a slight mass gain due to the disintegration of Ti2AlC/Ti2AlN, and their oxidation resistances increased by 18% as compared to their counterparts. In addition, the role of Ti2AlC/Ti2AlN was elucidated. The oxidation process was comprehensive and was mainly determined by the deterioration of carbon and MAX phases. The obtained results indicated that Ti2AlN was more suitable for fabricating low‐carbon MgO‐C refractories as compared with Ti2AlC.