bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic Analysis Identifies Emergent Biomaterial Fabrication Trends for Orthopaedic Applications
Authors: Locke Ryan C. , Zlotnick Hannah M. , Stoeckl Brendan D. , Fryhofer George W. , Galarraga Jonathan H. , Dhand Abhishek P. , Zgonis Miltiadis H. , Carey James L. , Burdick Jason A. , Mauck Robert L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe expanse of publications in tissue engineering (TE) and orthopedic TE (OTE) over the past 20 years presents an opportunity to probe emergent trends in the field to better guide future technologies that can make an impact on musculoskeletal therapies. Leveraging this trove of knowledge, a hierarchical systematic search method and trend analysis using connected network mapping of key terms is developed. Within discrete time intervals, an accelerated publication rate for anatomic orthopedic tissue engineering (AOTE) of osteochondral defects, tendons, menisci, and entheses is identified. Within these growing fields, the top‐listed key terms are extracted and stratified into evident categories, such as biomaterials, delivery method, or 3D printing and biofabrication. It is then identified which categories decreased, remained constant, increased, or emerged over time, identifying the specific emergent categories currently driving innovation in orthopedic repair technologies. Together, these data demonstrate a significant convergence of material types and descriptors used across tissue types. From this convergence, design criteria to support future research of anatomic constructs that mimic both the form and function of native tissues are formulated. In summary, this review identifies large‐scale trends and predicts new directions in orthopedics that will define future materials and technologies.
MOF‐Immobilized Two‐in‐One Engineered Enzymes Enhancing Activity of Biocatalytic Cascade for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yang Caiqi , Liu Wen , Chen Shanfeng , Zong Xiaoqing , Yuan Pengfei , Chen Xinjie , Li Xiaodi , Li Yuchao , Xue Wei , Dai Jian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiocatalytic systems based on enzyme cascade reactions have attracted growing interest in the field of biocatalytic medicine. However, it is a major challenge to reasonably construct enzyme cascade reactions with high stability, selectivity, and catalytic efficiency for the in vivo biocatalytic application. Herein, two‐in‐one engineered glucose oxidase (GOx‐Fe0) is fabricated by a biomineralization strategy, through which a nanozyme (Fe0NP) is anchored within the inner cavity of GOx. Then, GOx‐Fe0 is immobilized in a pH‐sensitive metal–organic framework (MOF) zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) to establish a stable and effective MOF‐immobilized two‐in‐one engineered enzyme, GOx‐Fe0@ZIF‐8. In vitro studies show that GOx‐Fe0@ZIF‐8 exhibits excellent stability and high pH/glucose selectivity, and the shorter spacing between cascade enzymes can increase the cascade throughput and effectively improve the reaction efficiency of the enzyme cascade. In vivo experiments exhibit that GOx‐Fe0@ZIF‐8 solves the instability and systemic toxicity of free enzymes, and achieves deep tumor penetration and significant chemodynamic therapeutic efficacy through a pH/glucose‐selective enzyme cascade reaction in tumor site. Taken together, such an orchestrated enzyme engineering strategy can effectively improve enzyme stability, selectivity, and enzyme cascade reaction efficiency via chemical transformations, and also provide a promising strategy for the application of biocatalytic cascade reactions in vivo.
Boosting Photo Upconversion in Electropolymerised Thin Film with Yb/Er Complexes
Authors: Yin Hong‐Ju , Feng Yan‐Song , Liang Ning , Liu Xiao‐Meng , Liu Jian‐Xun , Wang Ke‐Zhi , Yao Chang‐Jiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUpconversion luminescence (UCL) in organometallic complexes has attracted great interest in photovoltaics and biological applications due to their fascinating energy transfer mechanism from low‐energy photon to high‐energy photon. However, photon‐upconversion operating in a single discrete entity remains a challenge caused by low‐absorption cross section of the luminescent lanthanide element. Here, a novel upconversion system is reported combining Yb (Ytterbium) sensitizers and Er (Erbium) activators in the film by electropolymerization, which leads to excited‐state absorption (ESA) and energy transfer upconversion (ETU) processes. For the first time, the UCL has been achieved in the thin films upon near‐infrared laser irradiation, and the upconversion intensity exhibits up to 30‐fold enhancement with the variation of Yb/Er ratio.
Zn (II)‐Doped Cesium Copper Halide Nanocrystals with High Quantum Yield and Colloidal Stability for High‐Resolution X‑Ray Imaging
Authors: Qu Kang , Lu Yangbin , Ran Peng , Wang Kun , Zhang Nan , Xia Kaiyu , Zhang Hongyan , Pi Xiaodong , Hu Hanlin , Yang Yang (Michael) , He Qingquan , Yin Jun , Pan Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScintillators are essential for high‐energy radiation detection in a variety of potential applications. However, due to complex fabrication processes and nanocrystal homogeneity, conventional scintillators are challenging to meet the need for cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, and flexible X‐ray detection. Here, monodisperse nanocrystals (NCs) with small grain size and colloidal stability are obtained by adjusting the doping concentration of Zn2+ ions and controlling the morphology uniformity of Cs3Cu2I5 NCs. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) for the optimal doping concentration is as high as 92.8%, which is a 28.5% improvement compared to nondoped NCs. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Zn2+ dopant inclines to occupy Cu sites and the I‐rich condition suppresses the formation of I vacancy, enriching the excited electron density at the band‐edge to enhance the self‐trapped exciton emission. Moreover, high luminescence performance and flexible X‐ray scintillator films are prepared using Zn2+‐doped Cs3Cu2I5 NCs, with a spatial resolution of up to 15.7 lp mm–1. This work provides an effective strategy for the development of environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and efficient blue‐emitting 0D all‐inorganic metal halides, as well as shows their great potential for high‐performance flexible lead‐free and low‐toxicity X‐ray detector applications.
Static and Dynamic: Evolving Biomaterial Mechanical Properties to Control Cellular Mechanotransduction
Authors: Xie Wenyan , Wei Xi , Kang Heemin , Jiang Hong , Chu Zhiqin , Lin Yuan , Hou Yong , Wei Qiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic system that constantly offers physical, biological, and chemical signals to embraced cells. Increasing evidence suggests that mechanical signals derived from the dynamic cellular microenvironment are essential controllers of cell behaviors. Conventional cell culture biomaterials, with static mechanical properties such as chemistry, topography, and stiffness, have offered a fundamental understanding of various vital biochemical and biophysical processes, such as cell adhesion, spreading, migration, growth, and differentiation. At present, novel biomaterials that can spatiotemporally impart biophysical cues to manipulate cell fate are emerging. The dynamic properties and adaptive traits of new materials endow them with the ability to adapt to cell requirements and enhance cell functions. In this review, an introductory overview of the key players essential to mechanobiology is provided. A biophysical perspective on the state‐of‐the‐art manipulation techniques and novel materials in designing static and dynamic ECM‐mimicking biomaterials is taken. In particular, different static and dynamic mechanical cues in regulating cellular mechanosensing and functions are compared. This review to benefit the development of engineering biomechanical systems regulating cell functions is expected.
Desirable Uniformity and Reproducibility of Electron Transport in Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Haixia , Mu Xinyu , Li Bin , Gui Ruohua , Shi Rui , Chen Tao , Liu Jianqiang , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Jing , Gao Kun , Hao Xiaotao , Yin Hang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the simplified fabrication process and desirable microstructural stability, the limited charge transport properties of block copolymers and double‐cable conjugated polymers hinder the overall performance of single‐component photovoltaic devices. Based on the key distinction in the donor (D)–acceptor (A) bonding patterns between single‐component and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices, rationalizing the difference between the transport mechanisms is crucial to understanding the structure–property correlation. Herein, the barrier formed between the D–A covalent bond that hinders electron transport in a series of single‐component photovoltaic devices is investigated. The electron transport in block copolymer‐based devices is strongly dependent on the electric field. However, these devices demonstrate exceptional advantages with respect to the charge transport properties, involving high stability to compositional variations, improved film uniformity, and device reproducibility. This work not only illustrates the specific charge transport behavior in block copolymer‐based devices but also clarifies the enormous commercial viability of large‐area single‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs).
Deciphering Hierarchical Chromatin Domains and Preference of Genomic Position Forming Boundaries in Single Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Ye Yusen , Zhang Shihua , Gao Lin , Zhu Yuqing , Zhang Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe exploration of single‐cell 3D genome maps reveals that chromatin domains are indeed physical structures presenting in single cells, and domain boundaries vary from cell to cell. However, systematic analysis of the association between regulatory factor binding and elements and the formation of chromatin domains in single cells has not yet emerged. To this end, a hierarchical chromatin domain structure identification algorithm (named as HiCS) is first developed from individual single‐cell Hi‐C maps, with superior performance in both accuracy and efficiency. The results suggest that in addition to the known CTCF‐cohesin complex, Polycomb, TrxG, pluripotent protein families, and other multiple factors also contribute to shaping chromatin domain boundaries in single embryonic stem cells. Different cooperation patterns of these regulatory factors drive genomic position categories with differential preferences forming boundaries, and the most extensive six types of retrotransposons are differentially distributed in these genomic position categories with preferential localization. The above results suggest that these different retrotransposons within genomic regions interplay with regulatory factors navigating the preference of genomic positions forming boundaries, driving the formation of higher‐order chromatin structures, and thus regulating cell functions in single mouse embryonic stem cells.
Atomic Cu‐N‐P‐C Active Complex with Integrated Oxidation and Chlorination for Improved Ethylene Oxychlorination
Authors: Ma Hongfei , Zheng Xiuhui , Zhang Hao , Ma Guoyan , Zhang Wei , Jiang Zheng , Chen De 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFine constructing the chemical environment of the central metal is vital in developing efficient single‐atom catalysts (SACs). Herein, the atomically dispersed Cu on the N‐doped carbon is modulated by introducing CuP moiety to CuNC SAC. Through fine‐tuning with another heteroatom P, the Cu SAC shows the superior performance of ethylene oxychlorination. The Cu site activity of Cu‐NPC is four times higher than the P‐free Cu‐NC catalyst and 25 times higher than the Ce‐promoted CuCl2/Al2O3 catalyst in the long‐term test (>200 h). The selectivity of ethylene dichloride can be splendidly kept at ≈99%. Combined experimental and simulation studies provide a theoretical framework for the coordination of Cu, N, and P in the complex active center and its role in effectively catalyzing ethylene oxychlorination. It integrates the oxidation and chlorination reactions with superior catalytic performance and unrivaled ability of corrosive‐HCl resistance. The concept of fine constructing with another heteroatom is anticipated to provide with inspiration for rational catalyst design and expand the applications of carbon‐based SACs in heterogeneous catalysis.
Extracellular Matrix Rigidities Regulate the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Antibiotic Resistance of Three‐Dimensionally Confined Bacterial Microcolonies
Authors: Han Yiming , Jiang Nan , Xu Hongwei , Yuan Zuoying , Xiu Jidong , Mao Sheng , Liu Xiaozhi , Huang Jianyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs a major cause of clinical chronic infection, microbial biofilms/microcolonies in host tissues essentially live in 3D‐constrained microenvironments, which potentially modulate their spatial self‐organization and morphodynamics. However, it still remains unclear whether and how mechanical cues of 3D confined microenvironments, for example, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, exert an impact on antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms/microcolonies. With a high‐throughput antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) platform, it is revealed that 3D ECM rigidities greatly modulate their resistance to diverse antibiotics. The microcolonies in 3D ECM with human tissue‐specific rigidities varying from 0.5 to 20 kPa show a ≈2–10 000‐fold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration, depending on the types of antibiotics. The authors subsequently identified that the increase in 3D ECM rigidities leads to the downregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which is responsible for enhanced antibiotic resistance. Further, it is shown that fumarate, as a potentiator of TCA cycle activity, can alleviate the elevated antibiotic resistance and thus remarkably improve the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial microcolonies in 3D confined ECM, as confirmed in the chronic infection mice model. These findings suggest fumarate can be employed as an antibiotic adjuvant to effectively treat infections induced by bacterial biofilms/microcolonies in a 3D‐confined environment.
Design of Uniform Hollow Carbon Nanoarchitectures: Different Capacitive Deionization between the Hollow Shell Thickness and Cavity Size
Authors: Tang Yijian , Ding Jiani , Zhou Wenxuan , Cao Shuai , Yang Feiyu , Sun Yangyang , Zhang Songtao , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCarbon‐based materials with high capacitance ability and fast electrosorption rate are ideal electrode materials in capacitive deionization (CDI). However, traditional carbon materials have structural limitations in electrochemical and desalination performance due to the low capacitance and poor transmission channel of the prepared electrodes. Therefore, reasonable design of electrode material structure is of great importance for achieving excellent CDI properties. Here, uniform hollow carbon materials with different morphologies (hollow carbon nanospheres, hollow carbon nanorods, hollow carbon nano‐pseudoboxes, hollow carbon nano‐ellipsoids, hollow carbon nano‐capsules, and hollow carbon nano‐peanuts) are reasonably designed through multi‐step template method and calcination of polymer precursors. Hollow carbon nanospheres and hollow carbon nano‐pseudoboxes exhibit better capacitance and higher salt adsorption capacity (SAC) due to their stable carbonaceous structure during calcination. Moreover, the effects of the thickness of the shell and the size of the cavity on the CDI performance are also studied. HCNSs‐0.8 with thicker shell (≈20 nm) and larger cavity (≈320 nm) shows the best SAC value of 23.01 mg g−1 due to its large specific surface area (1083.20 m2 g−1) and rich pore size distribution. These uniform hollow carbon nanoarchitectures with functional properties have potential applications in electrochemistry related fields.
Tailoring Crystallization Growth of Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductors by Modification with Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Fang , Li Shuangshuang , Zhang Jing , Duan Wenjun , Zhang Yuheng , Liu Heping , Luo Qian , Chen Shuoguo , Liu Xu , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBy investigating a typical small molecule, 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS), the crucial influence of conjugated polymers as additives on modulating the crystallization processes, crystalline structures, and carrier transport is unraveled. The conjugated polymer additives including poly[2,5‐bis(3‐alkylthio‐phen‐2‐yl)thieno(3,2‐b)thiophene (PBTTT) and poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) via a solution crystallization method can bring in crystalline structures that are not accessible by nonconjugated polymers, demonstrating superior order and enhanced carrier transport without external treatments. In such cases, polymorphism of the small molecules is manipulated by the features of conjugated polymers in the blend. According to optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), different crystalline morphologies such as fibrous crystals from TIPS/PBTTT and rod‐like crystals from TIPS/F8BT are observed, which is determined by the crystalline habitats and solubility of conjugated polymers in small‐molecule/polymer blends. Meanwhile, organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on TIPS/PBTTT and TIPS/F8BT blends are prepared for the purpose of exploring the electrical characteristics, yielding the mobility of 0.3 and 3.53 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The conjugated‐polymer‐mediated polymorphism of small molecules can provide an attractive platform to explore the fundamental relationship between crystal stacking and electrical behaviors without altering the chemical structure.
Reply to the Correspondence on “Crystalline Porous Organic Salt for Ultrarapid Adsorption/Desorption‐Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting by Dual Hydrogen Bond System”
Authors: Xing Guolong , Zhang Shuai , Zhu Weidong , Ben Teng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhite et al., in a recent Correspondence, provided additional structural data to illustrate that CPOS‐6 undergoes a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation during water adsorption/desorption. This finding gave a better understanding of the relevant experimental phenomena from the perspective of structural transformation and is a good complement to our previous results. However, we wish to emphasize that our research focuses on the kinetic behavior of water during ultrafast adsorption/desorption in nano‐confined channels. Herein, we further interpret the rapid transport of water molecules in the nano‐confined channels from the perspective of superfluidity.
Engineering Cytochrome P450BM3 Enzymes for Direct Nitration of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Xiling , Lin Xiaodan , Jiang Yiping , Qin Xiangquan , Ma Nana , Yao Fuquan , Dong Sheng , Liu Chuanfei , Feng Yingang , Jin Longyi , Xian Mo , Cong Zhiqi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractApplications of the peroxidase activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in synthetic chemistry remain largely unexplored. We present herein a protein engineering strategy to increase cytochrome P450BM3 peroxidase activity for the direct nitration of aromatic compounds and terminal aryl‐substituted olefins in the presence of a dual‐functional small molecule (DFSM). Site‐directed mutations of key active‐site residues allowed the efficient regulation of steric effects to limit substrate access and, thus, a significant decrease in monooxygenation activity and increase in peroxidase activity. Nitration of several phenol and aniline compounds also yielded ortho‐ and para‐nitration products with moderate‐to‐high total turnover numbers. Besides direct aromatic nitration by P450 variants using nitrite as a nitrating agent, we also demonstrated the use of the DFSM‐facilitated P450 peroxidase system for the nitration of the vinyl group of styrene and its derivatives.
Effects of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on different larval instars of Lymantria dispar asiatica
Authors: Hwang Hwal‐Su , Acharya Rajendra , Lucas Mezione de Carvalho , Sharma Sushant Raj , Lee Young‐Su , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOutbreaks of Lymantria dispar asiatica (the Asian spongy moth; Lepidoptera: Erebidae) occur sporadically, causing widespread damage to forest and fruit trees. Owing to the development of pesticide resistance and environmental contamination, biopesticides, including L. dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk), can significantly contribute to controlling overall larval stage of this species. Although both pathogens are highly effective at the larval stage, their effects on different instar stages have not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the mortality and lethality in different L. dispar asiatica instars exposed to single or combined pathogen treatments. Treatments with low or medium LdMNPV concentrations induced lower mortality and had higher LT50 values at the 4th and 5th instars compared with other instars, whereas high LdMNPV treatments induced high mortality in all instars, with higher LT50 values at later instars. Treatment with Btk induced a rapid 100% mortality in all instars, with higher LT50 values for the later instars. The combination of LdMNPV and Btk delayed the killing time compared with the effects of single treatments, with the effect being more pronounced in the 1st and 5th instar stage than at other stages at low Btk concentrations. Our findings indicate that the pathogenic effects of LdMNPV and Btk on L. dispar asiatica differ according to larval stage, thereby providing novel insights into enhancing the biological control efficacy of these agents against L. dispar asiatica in the field.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to efficiently produce monophosphoryl lipid A
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhao Aizhen , Wang Chenhui , Huang Danyang , Yu Jing , Yu Letong , Wu Yuanming , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), mainly isolated from Salmonella minnesota R595, has been used as adjuvant in several vaccines. In this study, an Escherichia coli strain that can efficiently produce the MPL has been constructed. The gene clusters related to the biosynthesis of O‐antigen, core oligosaccharide, enterobacterial common antigen, and colanic acid were sequentially removed to save the carbon source and to increase the activity of PagP in E. coli MG1655. Then, the genes pldA, mlaA, and mlaC related to the phospholipid transport system were further deleted, resulting in the strain MW012. Finally, the genes lpxE from Francisella novicida and pagP and pagL from Salmonella were overexpressed in MW012 to modify the structure of lipid A, resulting in the strain MW012/pWEPL. Lipid A species were isolated from MW012/pWEPL and analyzed by thin‐layer chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results showed that mainly two MPL species were produced in E. coli MW012/pWEPL, one is hexa‐acylated, and the other is penta‐acylated. More importantly, the proportion of the hexa‐acylated MPL, which is the most effective component of lipid A vaccine adjuvant, reached 75%. E. coli MW012/pWEPL constructed in this study provided a good alternative for the production of lipid A vaccine adjuvant MPL.