bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of surgery for coarctation of the aorta based on a new classification system
Authors: Choi Kwang Ho , Kim Hyungtae , Sung Si Chan , Lee Hyoung Doo , Ko Hoon , Byun Joung-Hee , Kim Taehong , Chung Chanyoung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate early- and long-term outcomes of the surgical treatment for coarctation of the aorta based on a new classification system.Methods:A retrospective clinical review of 111 patients with coarctation of the aorta who underwent surgery (March 2011 to August 2020) was performed. We categorised coarctation of the aorta into type I, with all three head vessels tightly packed; type II, with the left subclavian artery separated from the two other head vessels; and type III, with all three head vessels separated from one another. Each type included subtype a, with a short isthmic portion, and subtype b, with a long isthmic portion.Results:The median patient age and weight at operation were 8 (range, 1–1490) days and 3.2 (range, 1.9–18.5) kg, respectively. Extended end-to-end anastomosis was performed via sternotomy in 54, via thoracotomy in 12, end-to-side anastomosis in 31, autologous main pulmonary artery patch augmentation in 12, and modified end-to-end anastomosis combined with subclavian artery flap aortoplasty in two patients. There was one (0.9%) case of early mortality and 12 (10.8%) cases of post-operative complications. Two (1.8%) late deaths occurred during follow-up. Five (4.5%) patients underwent balloon dilatation and three (2.7%) underwent reoperation for restenosis of coarctation of the aorta. All patients with type Ia (21 patients, 18.9%) underwent extended end-to-end anastomosis via sternotomy or thoracotomy.Conclusions:According to the early and late outcomes observed in this study, surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta using the new classification system could be safe and low risk.
Association of dietary variety with the risk for dementia: the Yabu cohort study
Authors: Yokoyama Yuri , Nofuji Yu , Seino Satoshi , Abe Takumi , Murayama Hiroshi , Narita Miki , Shinkai Shoji , Kitamura Akihiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective:The consumption of various foods is internationally recommended in healthy diet although the association between dietary variety and incident dementia is unknown. We aimed to examine the association between dietary variety and the incidence of disabling dementia in older Japanese adults.Design:We conducted a prospective cohort study. Dietary variety was assessed based on the Dietary Variety Score (DVS). DVS was assessed by counting the number of ten food components (meat, fish/shellfish, eggs, milk, soyabean products, green/yellow vegetables, potatoes, fruit, seaweed and fats/oils) that were consumed almost daily using a FFQ. Participants were categorised into low (0–2 points), middle (3–4 points) and high (5–10 points) groups based on the DVS. Data on newly diagnosed disabling dementia were retrieved from the public long-term care insurance database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % CI.Setting:Yabu cohort study, Japan.Participants:A total of 4972 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older.Results:During the median follow-up of 6·8 years, 884 participants were newly diagnosed with disabling dementia. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariable-adjusted HR for incident disabling dementia was 0·82 (95 % CI, 0·69, 0·97) for participants in the highest DVS category compared with those in the lowest DVS category (Pfor trend = 0·019).Conclusions:A higher dietary variety is associated with a reduced risk of disabling dementia in older Japanese adults. These results have potential implications for the development of effective public nutritional approaches to prevent dementia in older adults.
Lithospheric Imaging Through Reverberant Layers: Sediments, Oceans, and Glaciers
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Olugboji Tolulope 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Earth, in large portions, is covered in oceans, sediments, and glaciers. High‐resolution body wave imaging in such environments often suffers from severe reverberations, that is, repeating echoes of the incoming scattered wavefield trapped in the reverberant layer, making interpretation of lithospheric layering difficult. In this study, we propose a systematic data‐driven approach, using autocorrelation and homomorphic analysis, to solve the twin problem of detection and elimination of reverberations without a priori knowledge of the elastic structure of the reverberant layers. We demonstrate, using synthetic experiments and data examples, that our approach can effectively identify the signature of reverberations even in cases where the recording seismic array is deployed in complex settings, for example, using data from (a) a land station sitting on Songliao basin, (b) an ocean bottom station in the fore‐arc setting of the Alaska amphibious community seismic experiment, and (c) a station deployed on ice‐sediment strata in the glaciers of Antarctica. The elimination of the reverberation is implemented by a frequency domain filter whose parameters are automatically tuned using seismic data alone. On glaciers where the reverberating sediment layer is sandwiched between the lithosphere and an overlying ice layer, homomorphic analysis is preferable in detecting the signature of reverberation. We expect that our technique will see wide application for high‐resolution body wave imaging across a wide variety of conditions.
Statistical Characteristics of Nighttime Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances From 10‐Years of Airglow Observation by the Machine Learning Method
Authors: Lai Chang , Xu Jiyao , Lin Zhishuang , Wu Kun , Zhang Donghe , Li Qinzeng , Sun Longchang , Yuan Wei , Zhu Yajun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor the first time, we used the machine learning method to analyze the statistical occurrence and propagation characteristics of nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) from October 2011 to December 2021 observed by the all‐sky airglow imager deployed at Xinglong (40.4°N, 117.6°E, 30.5° MLAT), China. We developed a program code using the algorithms to identify and extract the propagation and morphological features of MSTIDs in 630 nm airglow images automatically. The classification model and detection model have accuracies of 96.9% and 70%–85%, respectively. We identified 611 MSTID events from 749,888 airglow images, and obtained the following statistical results: (a) the MSTIDs occurrence peaked at 2200–2300 local time in summer and 2300–2400 in winter; (b) the annual average of horizontal wavelength and velocity are 160–311 km and 98–133 m/s, respectively; (c) among 611 events, 589 MSTIDs propagated southwestward. Fifteen events are northeastward and all of them are periodic MSTIDs, most of which occurred between April and August; (d) the annual trend of relative intensity perturbation (%) shows a negative correlation with the horizontal phase speed; (e) horizontal wavelengths of MSTIDs are independent of the solar activity. Further analyses found those southwestward propagating MSTIDs are consistent with the Es‐Perkins coupling theory, while those non‐southwestward ones could be related to the atmospheric gravity waves and other possible sources. The northeastward events exhibit morphological and seasonal characteristics, which cannot be explained by the Perkins instability, more simultaneous observations (GPS‐TEC, OH airglow, etc.) are required to reveal the mechanism behind these characteristics.
Gut microbiota changes require vagus nerve integrity to promote depressive-like behaviors in mice
Authors: Siopi Eleni , Galerne Mathieu , Rivagorda Manon , Saha Soham , Moigneu Carine , Moriceau Stéphanie , Bigot Mathilde , Oury Franck , Lledo Pierre-Marie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic stress constitutes a major risk factor for depression that can disrupt various aspects of homeostasis, including the gut microbiome (GM). We have recently shown that GM imbalance affects adult hippocampal (HPC) neurogenesis and induces depression-like behaviors, with the exact mechanisms being under active investigation. Here we hypothesized that the vagus nerve (VN), a key bidirectional route of communication between the gut and the brain, could relay the effects of stress-induced GM changes on HPC plasticity and behavior. We used fecal samples derived from mice that sustained unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to inoculate healthy mice and assess standard behavioral readouts for anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, conduct histological and molecular analyses for adult HPC neurogenesis and evaluate neurotransmission pathways and neuroinflammation. To study the potential role of the VN in mediating the effects of GM changes on brain functions and behavior, we used mice that sustained subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vx) prior the GM transfer. We found that inoculation of healthy mice with GM from UCMS mice activates the VN and induces early and sustained changes in both serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission pathways in the brainstem and HPC. These changes are associated with prompt and persistent deficits in adult HPC neurogenesis and induce early and sustained neuroinflammatory responses in the HPC. Remarkably, Vx abrogates adult HPC neurogenesis deficits, neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior, suggesting that vagal afferent pathways are necessary to drive GM-mediated effects on the brain.
Biological and clinical implications of FGFR aberrations in paediatric and young adult cancers
Authors: Brown Lauren M. , Ekert Paul G. , Fleuren Emmy D. G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRare but recurrent mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathways, most commonly in one of the four FGFR receptor tyrosine kinase genes, can potentially be targeted with broad-spectrum multi-kinase or FGFR selective inhibitors. The complete spectrum of these mutations in paediatric cancers is emerging as precision medicine programs perform comprehensive sequencing of individual tumours. Identification of patients most likely to benefit from FGFR inhibition currently rests on identifying activating FGFR mutations, gene fusions, or gene amplification events. However, the expanding use of transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) has identified that many tumours overexpress FGFRs, in the absence of any genomic aberration. The challenge now presented is to determine when this indicates true FGFR oncogenic activity. Under-appreciated mechanisms of FGFR pathway activation, including alternate FGFR transcript expression and concomitant FGFR and FGF ligand expression, may mark those tumours where FGFR overexpression is indicative of a dependence on FGFR signalling. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and mechanistic overview of FGFR pathway aberrations and their functional consequences in paediatric cancer. We explore how FGFR over expression might be associated with true receptor activation. Further, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these aberrations in the paediatric setting and outline current and emerging therapeutic strategies to treat paediatric patients with FGFR-driven cancers.
Algorithm for optimized mRNA design improves stability and immunogenicity
Authors: Zhang He , Zhang Liang , Lin Ang , Xu Congcong , Li Ziyu , Liu Kaibo , Liu Boxiang , Ma Xiaopin , Zhao Fanfan , Jiang Huiling , Chen Chunxiu , Shen Haifa , Li Hangwen , Mathews David H. , Zhang Yujian , Huang Liang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are being used to combat the spread of COVID-19 (refs. 1–3), but they still exhibit critical limitations caused by mRNA instability and degradation, which are major obstacles for the storage, distribution and efficacy of the vaccine products4. Increasing secondary structure lengthens mRNA half-life, which, together with optimal codons, improves protein expression5. Therefore, a principled mRNA design algorithm must optimize both structural stability and codon usage. However, owing to synonymous codons, the mRNA design space is prohibitively large—for example, there are around 2.4 × 10632 candidate mRNA sequences for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This poses insurmountable computational challenges. Here we provide a simple and unexpected solution using the classical concept of lattice parsing in computational linguistics, where finding the optimal mRNA sequence is analogous to identifying the most likely sentence among similar-sounding alternatives6. Our algorithm LinearDesign finds an optimal mRNA design for the spike protein in just 11 minutes, and can concurrently optimize stability and codon usage. LinearDesign substantially improves mRNA half-life and protein expression, and profoundly increases antibody titre by up to 128 times in mice compared to the codon-optimization benchmark on mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and varicella-zoster virus. This result reveals the great potential of principled mRNA design and enables the exploration of previously unreachable but highly stable and efficient designs. Our work is a timely tool for vaccines and other mRNA-based medicines encoding therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies and anti-cancer drugs7,8.
A potential primary endpoint for clinical trials in glaucoma neuroprotection
Authors: De Moraes Carlos Gustavo , Lane Keith J. , Wang Xiao , Liebmann Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this retrospective, longitudinal study is to evaluate the relationship between MD slope from visual field tests collected over a short period of time (2 years) and the current United States’ Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended endpoints for visual field outcomes. If this correlation is strong and highly predictive, clinical trials employing MD slopes as primary endpoints could be employed in neuroprotection clinical trials with shorter duration and help expedite the development of novel IOP-independent therapies. Visual field tests of patients with or suspected glaucoma were selected from an academic institution and evaluated based on two functional progression endpoints: (A) five or more locations worsening by at least 7 dB, and (B) at least five test locations based upon the GCP algorithm. A total of 271 (57.6%) and 278 (59.1%) eyes reached Endpoints A and B, respectively during the follow up period. The median (IQR) MD slope of eyes reaching vs. not reaching Endpoint A and B were −1.19 (−2.00 to −0.41) vs. 0.36 (0.00 to 1.00) dB/year and −1.16 (−1.98 to −0.40) vs. 0.41 (0.02 to 1.03) dB/year, respectively (P < 0.001). It was found that eyes experiencing rapid 24-2 visual field MD slopes over a 2-year period were on average tenfold more likely to reach one of the FDA accepted endpoints during or soon after that period.
Muscle co-activation in the elderly contributes to control of hip and knee joint torque and endpoint force
Authors: Kubota Keisuke , Yokoyama Moeka , Hanawa Hiroki , Miyazawa Taku , Hirata Keisuke , Onitsuka Katsuya , Fujino Tsutomu , Kanemura Naohiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigated the coordinated activity patterns of muscles based on cosine tuning in the elderly during an isometric force exertion task. We also clarified whether these coordinated activity patterns contribute to the control of hip and knee joint torque and endpoint force as co-activation. Preferred direction (PD) of activity for each muscle in 10 young and 8 older males was calculated from the lower limb muscle activity during isometric force exertion task in various directions. The covariance of endpoint force (η) was calculated from the exerted force data using a force sensor. Relationship between PD and η was used to examine the effect of muscle co-activation on the control of endpoint force. Co-activation between rectus femoris and semitendinosus/biceps femoris increased with changes in muscle PD. Additionally, the η values were significantly low, suggesting that co-activation of multiple muscles may contribute to endpoint force exertion. The mechanism for cooperative muscle activity is determined by the cosine tuning of the PD of each muscle, which affects the generation of hip and knee joint torque and endpoint force exertion. Co-activation of each muscle’s PD changes with age, causing increased muscle co-activation to control torque and force. We demonstrated that co-activation in the elderly is a stabilizer of unsteady joints and a muscle control strategy for cooperative muscle activity.
Plasma 1H-NMR metabolic and amino acid profiles of newborn piglets from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake
Authors: Liaubet Laurence , Guilmineau Camille , Lefort Gaëlle , Billon Yvon , Reigner Sébastien , Bailly Jean , Marty-Gasset Nathalie , Gress Laure , Servien Rémi , Bonnet Agnès , Gilbert Hélène , Vialaneix Nathalie , Quesnel Hélène 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTogether with environmental factors, physiological maturity at birth is a major determinant for neonatal survival and postnatal development in mammalian species. Maturity at birth is the outcome of complex mechanisms of intra-uterine development and maturation during the end of gestation. In pig production, piglet preweaning mortality averages 20% of the litter and thus, maturity is a major welfare and economic concern. Here, we used both targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches to provide a deeper understanding of the maturity in a model of lines of pigs divergently selected on residual feed intake (RFI), previously shown to have contrasted signs of maturity at birth. Analyses were conducted on plasma metabolome of piglets at birth and integrated with other phenotypic characteristics associated to maturity. We confirmed proline and myo-inositol, previously described for their association with delayed growth, as potential markers of maturity. Urea cycle and energy metabolism were found more regulated in piglets from high and low RFI lines, respectively, suggesting a better thermoregulation ability for the low RFI (with higher feed efficiency) piglets.
Automatic resin duct detection and measurement from wood core images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Fabijańska Anna , Cahalan Gabriel D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe structure and features of resin ducts provide valuable information about environmental conditions accompanying the growth of trees in the genus Pinus. Therefore analysis of resin duct characteristics has been an increasingly common measurement in dendrochronology. However, the measurement is tedious and time-consuming since it requires thousands of ducts to be manually marked in an image of an enlarged wood surface. Although tools exist to automate some stages of this process, no tool exists to automatically recognize and analyze the resin ducts and standardize them with the tree rings they belong to. This study proposes a new fully automatic pipeline that quantifies the properties of resin ducts in terms of the tree ring area to which they belong. A convolutional neural network underlays the pipeline to detect resin ducts and tree-ring boundaries. Also, a region merging procedure is used to identify connected components corresponding to successive rings. Corresponding ducts and rings are next related to each other. The pipeline was tested on 74 wood images representing five Pinus species. Over 8000 tree-ring boundaries and almost 25,000 resin ducts were analyzed. The proposed method detects resin ducts with a sensitivity of 0.85 and precision of 0.76. The corresponding scores for tree-ring boundary detection are 0.92 and 0.99, respectively.
The association between serum uric acid and cognitive performance in patients with ischemic stroke is modified by estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Xiuping , Meng Pengfei , Gao Huizhong , Bai Bo , Li Dongfang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and poor cognitive performance in patients with ischemic stroke is unclear. We hypothesized that the severity of renal function mediates the association between SUA and cognitive dysfunction.A retrospective analysis of 608 patients with ischemic stroke was conducted between 2016 and 2020. SUA was obtained from inpatient medical records. Global cognitive function via mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was determined one month after hospital discharge. The relationship between SUA and cognitive function was assessed by multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. Patients had a mean age of 66.6 years (SD: 4.1 years), and 52% were male. The mean SUA level was 298.6 ± 75.4 μmol/L. SUA increases were significantly positively associated with lower MMSE and MoCA scores and increased risk of moderate-severe cognitive impairment one month after stroke (p < 0.01), even after adjusting for factors including age, gender, BMI, diabetes and hypertension history. Adding a term for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) attenuated these associations such that SUA was no longer associated with cognitive performance. A fully adjusted stronger negative association between SUA and cognitive performance was found in those who had lower eGFR, with a significant eGFR interaction for MMSE (p-interaction = 0.016) and MoCA (p-interaction = 0.005). In patients with ischemic stroke, SUA showed an inverse association with cognitive function among those who have lower eGFR. The renal function might mediate the association between SUA and cognitive dysfunction.
Lithium hydroxide as a high capacity adsorbent for CO2 capture: experimental, modeling and DFT simulation
Authors: Ahmadi Marziyeh , Ghaemi Ahad , Qasemnazhand Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, the potential of monohydrate Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as a high capacity adsorbent for CO2 capture was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The effects of operating parameters, including temperature, pressure, LiOH particle size and LiOH loading, on the CO2 capture in a fixed-bed reactor have been experimentally explored using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design. The optimum conditions obtained by the RSM for temperature, pressure, mesh and maximum adsorption capacity were calculated as 333 K, 4.72 bar, 200 micron and 559.39 mg/g, respectively. The experiments were evaluated using isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic modeling. Isotherm modeling showed that Hill model could deliver a perfect fit to the experimental data, based on the closeness of the R2-value to unity. The kinetics models showed that the process was chemical adsorption and obeyed the second order model. In addition, thermodynamic analysis results showed that the CO2 adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. In addition, based on the density functional theory, we investigated the chemical stability of LiOH atomic clusters and examined the effects of LiOH nanonization on the physical attraction of carbon dioxide.