bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free‐Water Imaging of the Substantia Nigra in GBA Pathogenic Variant Carriers
Authors: Zhang Dongling , Shi Yuting , Yao Junye , Zhou Liche , Wei Hongjiang , Liu Jun , Tong Qiqi , Ma Lingyan , He Hongjian , Wu Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) have been identified as the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the features of substantia nigra damage in GBA pathogenic variant carriers remain unclear.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the microstructural changes in the substantia nigra in non‐manifesting GBA pathogenic variant carriers (GBA‐NMC) and PD patients with GBA pathogenic variant (GBA‐PD) with free‐water imaging.MethodsFirst, we compared free water values in the posterior substantia nigra between non‐manifesting non‐carriers (NMNC, n = 29), GBA‐NMC (n = 26), and GBA‐PD (n = 16). Then, free water values in the posterior substantia nigra were compared between GBA‐PD and early‐ (n = 19) and late‐onset (n = 40) idiopathic PD (iPD) patients. Furthermore, we examined whether the baseline free water values could predict the progressions of clinical symptoms.ResultsThe free water values in the posterior substantia nigra were significantly higher in the GBA‐NMC and GBA‐PD groups compared to NMNC, and were significantly increased in the GBA‐PD group than both early‐ and late‐onset iPD. Free water values in the posterior substantia nigra could predict the progression of anxiety and cognitive decline in GBA‐NMC and GBA‐PD groups.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that free water values are elevated in the substantia nigra and predict the development of non‐motor symptoms in GBA‐NMC and GBA‐PD. Our findings demonstrate that a significant nigral impairment already exists in GBA‐NMC, and nigral injury may be more severe in GBA‐PD than in iPD. These results support that free‐water imaging can as a potential early marker of substantia nigra damage. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Patient‐specific fetal radiation dosimetry for pregnant patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic CT imaging
Authors: Qu Shuiyin , Liu Haikuan , Xie Tianwu , Giger Maryellen L. , Quan Guotao , Zaidi Habib 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate estimation of fetal radiation dose is crucial for risk‐benefit analysis of radiological imaging, while the radiation dosimetry studies based on individual pregnant patient are highly desired.PurposeTo use Monte Carlo calculations for estimation of fetal radiation dose from abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations for a population of patients with a range of variations in patients’ anatomy, abdominal circumference, gestational age (GA), fetal depth (FD), and fetal development.MethodsForty‐four patient‐specific pregnant female models were constructed based on CT imaging data of pregnant patients, with gestational ages ranging from 8 to 35 weeks. The simulation of abdominal and pelvic helical CT examinations was performed on three validated commercial scanner systems to calculate organ‐level fetal radiation dose.ResultsThe absorbed radiation dose to the fetus ranged between 0.97 and 2.24 mGy, with an average of 1.63 ± 0.33 mGy. The CTDIvol‐normalized fetal dose ranged between 0.56 and 1.30, with an average of 0.94 ± 0.25. The normalized fetal organ dose showed significant correlations with gestational age, maternal abdominal circumference (MAC), and fetal depth. The use of ATCM technique increased the fetal radiation dose in some patients.ConclusionA technique enabling the calculation of organ‐level radiation dose to the fetus was developed from models of actual anatomy representing a range of gestational age, maternal size, and fetal position. The developed maternal and fetal models provide a basis for reliable and accurate radiation dose estimation to fetal organs.
Surgical and Functional Outcome After Endoscopic Resection Via Transthyrohyoid for Early Glottic Cancer
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Li Xumao , Cui Xidong , Xie Xingqiao , Zhang Chenshan , Lin Xinsheng , Sun Guangbin , Li Guangfei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransthyrohyoid access to the larynx for endoscopic resection (TTER) for early‐stage glottic cancer in patients with difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE) has recently been developed. However, little is known about the postoperative conditions of patients. Twelve early‐stage glottic cancer patients with DLE who received TTER were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical information was collected during the perioperative period. Functional outcome was evaluated using Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) and Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10) preoperatively and 12 months after surgery. None of the patients experienced serious complications after TTER. The tracheotomy tube was removed in all patients. The 3‐year local control rate was 91.6%. The VHI‐10 score decreased from 18.92 to 11.75 (p < .001), and the EAT‐10 scores of the 3 patients changed slightly. Thus, TTER may be a good option for early‐stage glottic cancer patients with DLE.
Utility of Elective Neck Dissection in Clinically Node‐Negative Parotid Malignancy
Authors: Vedula Sudeepti , Shah Yash S. , Barinsky Gregory L. , Baredes Soly , Park Richard C. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to investigate the utility of elective neck dissection (END) in clinically node‐negative parotid malignancy through the evaluation of factors that are associated with receiving END and survival analysis of patients who received END.Study DesignRetrospective cohort database study.SettingThe National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsThe NCDB was used to extract patients with clinically node‐negative parotid malignancy. END was defined as having 5 or more lymph nodes examined pathologically, as previously defined in the literature. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare predictors of receiving END, rates of occult metastasis, and survival.ResultsOf the 9405 included patients, 3396 (36.1%) underwent an END. END was most frequently performed for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and salivary duct histology. All other histologies were significantly less likely to undergo END compared to SCC (p < .05). Salivary ductal carcinoma and adenocarcinoma had the greatest rates of occult node disease (39.8% and 30.0%, respectively), followed by SCC (29.8%). Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed a statistically significant increase in 5‐year overall survival in patients who received END with poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid (56.2% vs 48.5%, p = .004) along with moderately and poorly differentiated SCC (43.2% vs 34.9%, p = .002; 48.9% vs 36.2%, p < .001, respectively).ConclusionHistological classification is a benchmark for determining which patients should receive an END. We demonstrated an increase in overall survival in patients who undergo END with poorly differentiated tumors of mucoepidermoid and SCC histology. As such, histology should be considered along with clinical T‐stage and rate of occult nodal metastasis to determine eligibility for END.
Surgical Outcomes of Simultaneous Cochlear Implantation and Intracochlear Schwannoma Removal
Authors: Ha Jungho , Kim Hantai , Gu Ga Young , Song Young Jae , Jang Jeong Hun , Park Hun Yi , Choung Yun‐Hoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveIntracochlear schwannoma is very rare, and complete loss of hearing is inevitable after the removal of this tumor. Here, we discuss cochlear implantation (CI) performed simultaneously with the removal of an intracochlear schwannoma.Study DesignRetrospective single‐center study.SettingTertiary medical institute.MethodsSimultaneous CI and intracochlear schwannoma removal were performed in 4 subjects. After subtotal cochleostomy, the tumors were removed meticulously, with preservation of the modiolus. A new slim modiolar electrode (Nucleus CI632) was placed in a manner that hugged the modiolus. The surgical outcomes of functional gain, word recognition score (WRS), sound localization, and hearing in noise and speech intelligibility tests were investigated.ResultsIntracochlear schwannomas were removed successfully from the 4 patients, with no remnant tumor. The mean aided hearing threshold 6 months after surgery was 25.0 ± 1.8 dB, and the mean‐aided WRS with a 60 dB stimulus was 36.0 ± 18.8% (range 16%‐60%). The Categorical Auditory Performance (CAP) score of the 3 single‐sided deafness patients under contralateral ear masking was 7. The CAP score of the patient with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was 6, which improved from a preoperative score of 0.ConclusionWhen an intracochlear schwannoma does not completely invade the modiolus, CI with simultaneous tumor removal can be performed successfully, resulting in good hearing performance. A slim modiolar electrode can be placed stably at the modiolus after schwannoma removal.
Preoperative Embolization Techniques in the Treatment of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kothari Dhruv Shreedhar , Linker Lauren A. , Tham Tristan , Maroda Andrew J. , McElfresh Jenessa M. , Fastenberg Judd H. , Hachem Ralph Abi , Elijovich Lucas , Michael Lattimore Madison , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivePreoperative embolization has proven beneficial in the surgical treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA). However, the consensus for the best embolization practices remains unclear. This systematic review seeks to characterize the reporting of embolization protocols throughout the literature and to compare differences in surgical outcomes.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Scopus.Review MethodsStudies investigating embolization in the treatment of JNA from 2002 to 2021 were selected from defined inclusion criteria. All studies underwent a 2‐stage blinded screening, extraction, and appraisal process. Embolization material, time to surgery, and embolization route were compared. Embolization complications, surgical complications, and rate of recurrence were pooled.ResultsOf 854 studies, 14 retrospective studies with 415 patients met the criteria for inclusion. A total of 354 patients underwent preoperative embolization. A total of 330 patients (93.2%) underwent transarterial embolization (TAE) and 24 patients had a combination of direct puncture embolization and TAE. Polyvinyl alcohol particles were the most used embolization material (n = 264, 80.0%). The most common reported time to surgery was 24 to 48 hours (n = 8, 57.1%). Pooled results showed an embolization complication proportion of 3.16% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96‐6.60) (n = 354), a surgical complication proportion of 4.96% (95% CI: 1.90‐9.37) (n = 415), and a recurrence proportion of 6.30% (95% CI: 3.01‐10.69) (n = 415).ConclusionThe current data on JNA embolization parameters and their effect on surgical outcomes remains too heterogenous to provide expert recommendations. Future studies should use uniform reporting to allow for more robust comparisons of embolization parameters, which, in turn, may lead to optimized patient outcomes.
Intracapsular Tonsillectomy Using Plasma Ablation Versus Total Tonsillectomy: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sedgwick Matthew J. , Saunders Christopher , Bateman Neil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether intracapsular tonsillectomy, using plasma ablation, results in differences in postoperative patient outcomes to total tonsillectomy.Data SourcesA systematic review of two databases (Embase and PubMed) was conducted in March 2022 to identify published English‐language randomized controlled trials and observational studies which provided a comparison between intracapsular tonsillectomy, using plasma ablation, and total tonsillectomy.Review MethodsQualitative synthesis and meta‐analysis were used to compare outcomes between techniques.ResultsSeventeen studies were identified for inclusion. Across these, 1996 and 4565 patients underwent intracapsular and total tonsillectomy, respectively. Studies included 8 randomized controlled trials, 1 prospective cohort study, and 8 retrospective cohort studies. Time to pain free, time on analgesia, time to normal diet, and time to normal activity were significantly shorter with intracapsular tonsillectomy by on average 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5‐5.9; p < .0001), 4.1 (95% CI 2.7‐5.4; p < .0001), 3.5 (95% CI 1.7‐5.4; p = .0002) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.6‐4; p < .0001) days, respectively. Risk of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage was significantly lower following intracapsular tonsillectomy (relative risk [RR] 0.36; 95% CI 0.16‐0.81; p = .0131); risk of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage requiring surgical management was lower but failed to reach significance (RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.19‐1.39; p = .19).ConclusionIntracapsular tonsillectomy using plasma ablation has similar efficacy in managing indications for tonsil surgery to total tonsillectomy while significantly reducing the postoperative morbidity and likelihood of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage experienced by patients, allowing them to return to their normal life faster.
Pharmaceutical Payments to Japanese Board‐Certified Head and Neck Surgeons Between 2016 and 2019
Authors: Murayama Anju , Shigeta Haruki , Kamamoto Sae , Yamashita Erika , Saito Hiroaki , Sawano Toyoaki , Bhandari Divya , Shrestha Sunil , Kusumi Eiji , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Ozaki Akihiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the magnitude, prevalence, and trend of the financial relationship between Japanese head and neck surgeons and pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingJapan.MethodsThis study evaluated personal payments concerning lecturing, consulting, and writing paid by 92 major pharmaceutical companies to all Japanese head and neck surgeons board‐certified by the Japan Society for Head and Neck Surgery between 2016 and 2019. The payments were descriptively analyzed and payment trend were assessed using population‐averaged generalized estimating equations. Further, the payments to board executive board members with specialist certification were also evaluated separately.ResultsOf all 443 board‐certified head and neck surgeons in Japan, 365 (82.4%) received an average of $6443 (standard deviation: $12,875), while median payments were $2002 (interquartile ranges [IQR] $792‐$4802). Executive board specialists with a voting right received much higher personal payments (median $26,013, IQR $12,747‐$35,750) than the non‐executive specialists (median $1926, IQR $765‒$4134, p < .001) and the executive board specialists without a voting right (median $4411, IQR $963‐$5623, p = .015). The payments per specialist and prevalence of specialists with payments annually increased by 11.4% (95% CI: 5.8%‐17.2%; p < .001) and 7.3% (95% CI: 3.8%‐11.0%; p < .001), respectively.ConclusionThere were increasingly widespread and growing financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies among head and neck surgeons in Japan, alongside of introduction of novel drugs. The leading head and neck surgeons received much higher personal payments from pharmaceutical companies, and no sufficient regulation was implemented by the society in Japan.
Electrochemical mechanisms of leakage‐current in photovoltaic modules
Authors: Kempe Michael , Hacke Peter , Morse Joshua , Li Jichao , Shen Yu‐Chen , Han Katherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the mechanisms and pathways for leakage current flow observed in Si photovoltaic modules subjected to high temperature and humidity and a large voltage bias with respect to ground. The current inside of the frame is in the form of electron motion, but in the glass and polymer, it is in at least a large part attributable to the movement of ions. When the mode of current flow changes from electronic to ionic conduction, electrochemical reactions will take place at the interface. This can include reactions that produce volatile chemical species like H2, COx, and O2, along with ionic species such as OH− and H3O+. Here, we see evidence of the importance of different charge carriers with different diffusion rates and the influence of electrochemical processes involved. The application of negative voltage to the cell circuit affects the resistivity of glass producing surfaces with poor conductivity but with some increases in the electrochemical potential producing complicated interactions that are important when the voltage is changed. In the polymer, there is the development of a space charge region and a chemical gradient providing two oppositional forces to current flow, which when released create a complicated discharge process. Here, we give a basic understanding of the charge/discharge of PV cells highlighting how the specific mechanisms are important in understanding some of the degradation processes in PV modules. We find that there is evidence of multiple significant charge carrier species with different diffusion time scales. The glass/polymer interface forms a depleted region of higher resistance after prolonged exposure to current. Charge also builds up at the polymer to cell antireflective coating interface and mostly flows to the gridlines to experience electrochemical reactions. These complexities result in non‐linear behavior where the apparent resistivities of the different layers change during charge/discharging processes, making the modeling of the current flow extremely difficult.
Enantioselectivity of indoxacarb enantiomers in Bombyx mori larvae: toxicity, bioaccumulation and biotransformation
Authors: Lin Qiao , Deng Pengyu , Feng Tianyou , Ou Guipeng , Mou Lianhong , Zhang Yuping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndoxacarb is a chiral insecticide with excellent insecticidal activity against lepidopterous insects. Because of their enantioselectivity, chiral pesticides' environmental behavior at the enantiomeric level has been highlighted. The chiral stability, enantioselective bioaccumulation, biotransformation behavior of indoxacarb to a non‐target insect silkworm are still unclear.ResultsA chiral analysis method for indoxacarb and its metabolite DCJW in silkworm was developed using liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/HRMS). In silkworms, the recoveries of indoxacarb and DCJW were 86.06%‐104.52% with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 9.01%. The 96‐h lethal concentration (LC50) values of R‐indoxacarb, S‐indoxacarb, and enriched S‐indoxacarb (2.333 S/1R) were 1.08 × 102, 1.92, and 6.89 mg a.i. L−1, respectively, according to the acute toxicity test results. When silkworm larvae were exposed to 1/50 of the LC50 concentration, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of R‐indoxacarb was 0.0296–0.318, and the BCF of S‐indoxacarb was 0.0125–0.211. In silkworm larvae, the amount of R‐DCJW produced by R‐indoxacarb was 0.00610 to 2.34 times that of the parent R‐indoxacarb, and the amount of S‐DCJW produced by S‐indoxacarb was 0.125–36.9 times that of the parent S‐indoxacarb.ConclusionThere was no chiral transition from S‐indoxacarb to R‐indoxacarb or a transformation from R‐indoxacarb to S‐indoxacarb. Indoxacarb was preferentially bioaccumulated in silkworm larva, while S‐indoxacarb bioconversion into the metabolite S‐DCJW was much greater than R‐indoxacarb bioconversion into R‐DCJW. This study could improve understanding of the indoxacarb accumulation and transformation process in insects, as well as provide more scientific data for indoxacarb environmental and ecological risk assessment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Peiminine regulates bone‐fat balance by canonical Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in an ovariectomized rat model
Authors: Gu Hanwen , Wei Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeiminine is a major biologically active component of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq that exhibits good anticancer, antiinflammatory, and anti‐osteoclast effects. However, its effects on osteoporosis (OP) remain unknown. This study aimed to explore whether Peiminine was able to regulate osteogenesis and adipogenesis in ovariectomized (OVX) rat. The effects on the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), function of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, ALP activity, calcium nodule deposition, as well as adipocyte formation in vitro by Peiminine at different concentrations, were detected. The curative effects of Peiminine on the ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis model by micro‐CT and bone histomorphology assays were analyzed. The promotion of osteogenic differentiation and inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by Peiminine (5–40 μg/mL) was detected and the optimum concentration was 20 μg/mL. Mechanistically, Peiminine regulated the fate of BMSCs in vitro, and activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by restraining phosphorylation of β‐catenin and promoting the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin. Moreover, Peiminine prevented ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis by alleviating trabecular bone loss and inhibiting adipose formation. Our data suggested that Peiminine could attenuate ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis by alleviating trabecular bone loss and inhibiting adipose formation. These encouraging discoveries could lay the foundation for Peiminine to be a promising preventive treatment strategy for skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Climate‐change modelling at reduced floating‐point precision with stochastic rounding
Authors: Kimpson Tom , Paxton E. Adam , Chantry Matthew , Palmer Tim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReduced‐precision floating‐point arithmetic is now deployed routinely in numerical weather forecasting over short timescales. However, the applicability of these reduced‐precision techniques to longer‐timescale climate simulations—especially those that seek to describe a dynamical, changing climate—remains unclear. We investigate this question by deploying a global atmospheric, coarse‐resolution model known as Simplified Parameterizations PrimitivE Equation DYnamics (SPEEDY) to simulate a changing climate system subject to increased concentrations, over a 100‐year timescale. Whilst double precision is typically the operational standard for climate modelling, we find that reduced‐precision solutions are sufficiently accurate. Rounding the floating‐point numbers stochastically, rather than using the more common “round‐to‐nearest” technique, improves the performance of the reduced‐precision solutions notably. Over 100 years, the mean bias error (MBE) in the global mean surface temperature (precipitation) relative to the double‐precision solution is +1.8  K ( mm(6 hr)) when integrating numerically at half precision (10 significant bits) with stochastic rounding. By examining the resultant climatic distributions that arise after 100 years, the difference in the expected value of the global surface temperature relative to the double‐precision solution is  K and that for precipitation is  mm(6 hr). Whilst further research is necessary to extended these results to more complex and higher‐resolution models, they indicate that reduced‐precision techniques and stochastic rounding could be suitable for the next generation of climate models and motivate the use of low‐precision hardware to this end.