bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Photon Controlled Synaptic Memristor for Neuro‐Inspired Computing
Authors: Shrivastava Saransh , Keong Lai Boon , Pratik Sparsh , Lin Albert S. , Tseng Tseung‐Yuen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe emerging optoelectronic memristive synapses having the advantages of both optics and electronics exhibit a great potential in neuro‐inspired computing, which is a new generation of artificial intelligence. Herein, a light stimulated synaptic memristor (LSSM) based on ZnO/Zn2SnO4 heterostructure is prepared with the characteristics of reversibly tunable conductance states by varying the wavelength of the incident light. The synaptic feature of this fully photon controlled memristive synapse is revealed by potentiation and depression behaviors stimulated by violet and red light pulses, respectively. Similar to biological brain, the device demonstrates the dynamic learning and forgetting behavior. All‐optically driven and bio‐vision inspired image processing function such as contrast enhancement is exemplified. The international Morse code for Arabic numerals (0–9) is also successfully conveyed by patterned light pulses and suggests the device's potential in the field of optical wireless communication for human–machine interface. Classical Pavlovian conditioning (associative learning) is successfully demonstrated through visible light induction. Finally, the device can realize the recognition application of Zalando's article image through the simulation based on Hopfield neural network (HNN). This work provides a promising approach toward optoelectronic neural systems and human–machine interaction technologies.
Amorphous TiO2 Passivating Contacts for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Ultrathin Solar Cells: Defect‐State‐Mediated Hole Conduction
Authors: Park Gi Soon , Lee SeungJe , Kim Da‐Seul , Park Sang Yeun , Koh Jai Hyun , Won Da Hye , Lee Phillip , Do Young Rag , Min Byoung Koun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltrathin solar cells (UTSCs) have attracted much research attention because of their superior potential for low‐cost production and diverse applications. For UTSCs to achieve high efficiency, rear‐interface passivation is critical because it has greater influence on thinner absorbers. Conventional passivation layers (e.g., Al2O3 and SiO2) inevitably require patterned contact openings for electrical conduction, the complex processing of which severely impedes the scale‐up production of UTSCs. Herein, this study reports that amorphous TiO2 layers can act as a passivating contact, which not only passivates defective rear‐interfaces but also provides excellent electrical conduction, for solution‐processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 UTSCs. The amorphous nature of TiO2 layers is found to play a key role in achieving desirable ohmic conduction over the entire area without any contact openings. Holes in absorbers easily move into amorphous TiO2 layers, even in the presence of large valence band offset (2.6 eV), proving that the defect states within these TiO2 layers act as hole conduction pathways. While control devices experience huge open‐circuit voltage (VOC) losses (−303 mV) after reduction of absorber thickness from 750 to 300 nm, devices with amorphous TiO2 layers exhibit VOC gains (+8 mV), encouraging the realization of high‐efficiency UTSCs with a simple, easily scalable, and highly reproducible process.
Deciphering the Thermal Failure Mechanism of Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Pouch Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Huang Lang , Xie Bin , Zhang Shenghang , Jiang Zhaoxuan , Xu Gaojie , Li Jiedong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnode‐free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) are the subject of increasing attention due to their ultrahigh energy density, simplified structure, reduced cost, and relatively high safety, but their thermal runaway performance under abuse conditions has been rarely explored, and a clear understanding of whether the absence of a highly‐reactive lithium metal anode is equal to thermal runaway free remains elusive. Herein, by systematically examining the thermal runaway characteristics of a 2.0 Ah AFLMB, it is revealed that under elevated temperatures, discharged anode‐free pouch cell is safe while the fully‐charged one indeed undergoes thermal runaway, but with a milder intensity than that of a lithium metal battery with the same capacity. Moreover, mechanistic investigations demonstrate that thermal runaway of an AFLMB employing a conventional electrolyte is triggered and dominated by anode‐induced exothermic interactions and the broken separator induced electrodes interaction. Moreover, it is shown for the first time that adding fluoroethylene carbonate in an electrolyte leads to ring‐opening repolymerization at 170 °C to form a thermal‐stable solid layer between anode and cathode, which inhibits the direct contact of electrodes and effectively postpones violent self‐heating. This comprehensive exploration of thermal runaway characteristics and mechanisms of large format AFLMBs sheds fresh light on developing high energy density and safety‐enhanced lithium metal batteries.
Toward a moral reckoning on structural racism: Examining structural factors, encouraging structural thinking, and supporting structural intervention
Authors: McCarty Shane , Liskey Megan , George Deepu , Cook Natalie E. , Metzl Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe racial reckoning of 2020 involved the largest social movement protest in U.S. history, but support for the Black Lives Matter movement declined shortly after. To advance a moral reckoning on structural racism that dismantles racialized structures and redresses racial inequities, we call on scholar activists within the field of community psychology to realign their own practices by (a) examining structural factors; (b) encouraging structural thinking; and (c) supporting structural intervention for racial justice. Two structural factors–political determinants and commercial determinants–maintain the status quo of structural racism, undermining efforts for racial equity. As a result, we encourage the development of structural thinking, which provides a structural analysis of racism and leads to support for structural intervention. With an intersectional race and class perspective, we detail how structural thinking could be developed among the professional managerial class (through structural competency) and among the oppressed class (through critical consciousness). Finally, we discuss structural intervention factors and approaches that can redress racial inequities and produce structural change. Ultimately, we provide a pathway for community psychologists to support activists building a multiracial, multiclass coalition to eliminate structures and systems of racial, political, and economic injustice.
Frontline combination of ponatinib and hyper‐CVAD in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 80‐months follow‐up results
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Short Nicholas J. , Jain Nitin , Sasaki Koji , Huang Xuelin , Haddad Fadi G. , Khouri Issa , DiNardo Courtney D. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Wierda William , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kebriaei Partow , Garris Rebecca , Loghavi Sanam , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Kwari Monica , O'Brien Susan , Ravandi Farhad , Jabbour Elias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe combination of ponatinib, a third‐generation BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with hyper‐CVAD chemotherapy resulted in high rates of complete molecular remissions and survival, without the need for stem cell transplantation (SCT) in most patients with Philadelphia chromosome(Ph)‐positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Confirming these results in a large cohort of patients with longer follow‐up would establish this regimen as a new standard of care. Adults with newly diagnosed Ph‐positive ALL were treated with the hyper‐CVAD regimen. Ponatinib was added as 45 mg daily × 14 during induction, then 45 mg daily continuously (first 37 patients) or 30 mg daily continuously, with dose reduction to 15 mg daily upon achievement of a complete molecular response (CMR; absence of a detectable BCR::ABL1 transcript by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase‐chain reaction at a sensitivity of 0.01%). Maintenance therapy consisted of daily ponatinib and vincristine‐prednisone monthly for 2 years, followed by daily ponatinib indefinitely. Twelve intrathecal injections of cytarabine alternating with methotrexate were given as central nervous system prophylaxis. The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT01424982. Eighty‐six patients were treated. Their median age was 46 years (range, 21–80). All 68 patients with active disease at the initiation of therapy achieved complete response (CR) The cumulative CMR rate was 86%. Twenty‐ patients (23%) underwent allogeneic SCT. With a median follow‐up of 80 months (range, 16–129 months), the estimated 6‐year event‐free survival rate was 65% and the overall survival rate was 75%. There was no difference in outcome by performance of allogeneic SCT in first CR. Common grade 3–5 adverse events included infection (n = 80, 93%), increased liver transaminases (n = 26, 31%) and total bilirubin (n = 13, 15%), hypertension (n = 15, 17%), pancreatitis (n = 13, 15%), hemorrhage (n = 12, 13%), and skin rash (n = 9, 10%). Two ponatinib‐related deaths from myocardial infarction (3%; at months 2.6 and 4.3, respectively; both in CR) in the first 37 patients treated led to the ponatinib dose‐modifications mentioned earlier, with no further ponatinib‐related deaths observed. The long‐term results of ponatinib and hyper‐CVAD continue to demonstrate excellent outcome results and acceptable safety data, indicating that this strategy is another standard of care approach in frontline Ph‐positive ALL.
Acid‐catalyzed Disulfide‐mediated Reversible Polymerization for Recyclable Dynamic Covalent Materials
Authors: Wang Bang‐Sen , Zhang Qi , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Shi Chen‐Yu , Gong Xue‐Qing , Tian He , Qu Da‐Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPoly(1,2‐dithiolane)s are a family of intrinsically recyclable polymers due to their dynamic covalent disulfide linkages. Despite the common use of thiolate‐initiated anionic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) under basic condition, cationic ROP is still not exploited. Here we report that disulfide bond can act as a proton acceptor, being protonated by acids to form sulfonium cations, which can efficiently initiate the ROP of 1,2‐dithiolanes and result in high‐molecular‐weight (over 1000 kDa) poly(disulfide)s. The reaction can be triggered by adding catalytic amounts of acids and non‐coordinating anion salts, and completed in few minutes at room temperature. The acidic conditions allow the applicability for acidic monomers. Importantly, the reaction condition can be under open air without inert protection, enabling the nearly quantitative chemical recycling from bulk materials to original monomers.
Low Coordination State RhI‐Complex as High Performance Catalyst for Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation: Construction of penta‐Substituted Cyclopropanes
Authors: Zhang Junyou , Xu Weici , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA simple, broad‐scope rhodium(I)/chiral diene catalytic system for challenging asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of various tri‐substituted allylic diazoacetates was successfully developed. The low coordination state RhI‐complex exhibits an extraordinarily high degree of tolerance to the variation in the extent of substitution of the allyl double bond, thus allowing the efficient construction of a wide range of penta‐substituted, fused‐ring cyclopropanes bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers, including two quaternary carbon stereocenters, in a highly enantioselective manner with ease at catalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol %. The stereoinduction mode of this RhI‐carbene‐directed asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation was investigated by DFT calculations, indicating that π‐π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of chiral diene ligand and diazo substrate play a key role in the control of the reaction enantioselectivity.
Configuration‐Induced Multichromism of Phenanthridine Derivatives: A Type of Versatile Fluorescent Probe for Microenvironmental Monitoring
Authors: Huang Wei , Feng Shiyu , Liu Jie , Liang Baoshuai , Zhou Ya , Yu Mengya , Liang Jiayuan , Huang Jiaguo , Lü Xujie , Huang Weiguo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFluorescent probes are attractive in diagnosis and sensing. However, most reported fluorophores can only detect one or few analytes/parameters, notably limiting their applications. Here we have designed three phenanthridine‐based fluorophores (i.e., B1, F1, and T1 with 1D, 2D, and 3D molecular configuration, respectively) capable of monitoring various microenvironments. In rigidifying media, all fluorophores show bathochromic emissions but with different wavelength and intensity changes. Under compression, F1 shows a bathochromic emission of over 163 nm, which results in organic fluorophore‐based full‐color piezochromism. Moreover, both B1 and F1 exhibit an aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) behavior, while T1 is an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorophore. Further, F1 and T1 selectively concentrate in cell nucleus, whereas B1 mainly stains the cytoplasm in live cell imaging. This work provides a general design strategy of versatile fluorophores for microenvironmental monitoring.
Demulsification of W/O emulsions using highly branched polymer demulsifier with 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate as centronucleus
Authors: Zhang Zejun , Ye Fan , Ai Guosheng , Liu Huanyu , Zeng Guanxin , Shen Liwei , Yang Ying , Yuan Huaikui , Feng Xuening , Mi Yuanzhu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA highly branched PNDC demulsifier with 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate as centronucleus was prepared by an efficient “one‐pot” strategy. The product was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and TGA. The bottle test was performed to explore the effect of temperature, settling time, pH value, and concentration on the demulsification efficiency (DE). The DE reached an optimal value of 94.63% when the concentration of PNDC, settling time and operated temperature were 100 mg/L, 60 min and 70°C, respectively. Also, the DE could reach 91.58% when the concentration was only 20 mg/L at the same conditions. It showed that PNDC had an excellent performance in W/O emulsions with an extremely low concentration. Especially, PNDC could be used over a wide pH range (4–12) and high salinities, indicating that it had a good salt, acid and alkaline tolerance. In addition, the interfacial tension (IFT), surface tension (SFT), elastic modulus and micrograph analysis were carried out to investigate the possible mechanism. This work provides a highly branched demulsifier with high DE for the demulsification of stable W/O emulsions.
Lactic acid bacteria as a tool for biovanillin production: A review
Authors: Mostafa Heba S. , Hashem Marwa M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVanilla is the most commonly used natural flavoring agent in industries like food, flavoring, medicine, and fragrance. Vanillin can be obtained naturally, chemically, or through a biotechnological process. However, the yield from vanilla pods is low and does not meet market demand, and the use of vanillin produced by chemical synthesis is restricted in the food and pharmaceutical industries. As a result, the biotechnological process is the most efficient and cost‐effective method for producing vanillin with consumer‐demanding properties while also supporting industrial applications. Toxin‐free biovanillin production, based on renewable sources such as industrial wastes or by‐products, is a promising approach. In addition, only natural‐labeled vanillin is approved for use in the food industry. Accordingly, this review focuses on biovanillin production from lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and the cost‐cutting efforts that are utilized to improve the efficiency of biotransformation of inexpensive and readily available sources. LABs can utilize agro‐wastes rich in ferulic acid to produce ferulic acid, which is then employed in vanillin production via fermentation, and various efforts have been applied to enhance the vanillin titer. However, different designs, such as response surface methods, using immobilized cells or pure enzymes for the spontaneous release of vanillin, are strongly advised.
Single‐stage chromatographic clarification of Chinese Hamster Ovary cell harvest reduces cost of protein production
Authors: O'Mara Brian , Singh Naveen Kumar , Menendez Alicia , Tipton Barbara , Vail Andrew , Voloshin Alexei , Buechler Ying , Anderson Sean M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA single‐stage clarification was developed using a single‐use chromatographic clarification device (CCD) to recover a recombinant protein from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) harvest cell culture fluid (HCCF). Clarification of a CHO HCCF is a complex and costly process, involving multiple stages of centrifugation and/or depth filtration to remove cells and debris and to reduce process‐related impurities such as host cell protein (HCP), nucleic acids, and lipids. When using depth filtration, the filter train consists of multiple filters of varying ratios, layers, pore sizes, and adsorptive properties. The depth filters, in combination with a 0.2‐micron membrane filter, clarify the HCCF based on size‐exclusion, adsorptive, and charge‐based mechanisms, and provide robust bioburden control. Each stage of the clarification process requires time, labor, and utilities, with product loss at each step. Here, use of the 3M™ Harvest RC Chromatographic Clarifier, a single‐stage CCD, is identified as an alternative strategy to a three‐stage filtration train. The CCD results in less overall filter area, less volume for flushing, and higher yield. Using bioprocess cost modeling, the single‐stage clarification process was compared to a three‐stage filtration process. By compressing the CHO HCCF clarification to a single chromatographic stage, the overall cost of the clarification process was reduced by 17%–30%, depending on bioreactor scale. The main drivers for the cost reduction were reduced total filtration area, labor, time, and utilities. The benefits of the single‐stage harvest process extended throughout the downstream process, resulting in a 25% relative increase in cumulative yield with comparable impurity clearance.
MATLAB‐based program for computation of open‐channel flow profiles
Authors: Hu Xianrui , Fu Xiaoli , Shen Chao , Shi Pengkun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn engineering practice, open channel water surface profile data frequently serve as the scientific foundation for engineering design, flood forecasting, reservoir scheduling, and the calculation of dam‐break flood evolution. Water surface profiles in open channels (WSPOC), Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB)‐based software was developed to help students better learn and improve their interest in surface line theory. According to the flow characteristics, the program is divided into two modules: steady flow and unsteady flow. The steady flow module guides students to master the judgment methods of various gradually varying flow types and can program independently to explore the solution process of the water surface profiles. The unsteady flow module is designed to help students learn finite difference methods in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and allow students to interact with software in engineering cases to achieve the purpose of effectively integrating theory and practice. This software employs MATLAB graphical user interface(GUI) visualization technology to embed students' autonomous programming in crucial phases and transforms abstract concepts and theories into vivid animation demonstrations using CFD simulation tools. Furthermore, the transformation from theory to practice has been realized by providing a large number of practical engineering examples, which may improve students' ability to solve complex engineering problems. Based on the survey results, the user experience and application effect of the software are satisfactory, and the software's design objective has been achieved.
Dissecting the role of toll‐like receptor 7 in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Stark Maren , Nicolai Marina , Tatura Marina , Keber Corinna U. , Kaufmann Andreas , Chung Ho‐Ryun , Slater Emily P. , Heeschen Christopher , Lawlor Rita T. , Scarpa Aldo , Bartsch Detlef K. , Gress Thomas M. , Bauer Stefan , Buchholz Malte 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are gaining attention for their potential to influence tumor biology both on the level of the tumor cells as well as on the level of the surrounding inflammatory stroma. Previous studies resulted in partly conflicting data on the expression of TLR7 in healthy and neoplastic pancreatic tissues as well as its role in pancreatic tumor biology.MethodsWe used qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry to asses TLR7 expression in primary patient material and cell lines. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay upon incubation with TLR7 agonist/antagonist. Mouse models were used to investigate the role of TLR7 in vivo.ResultsTLR7 is overexpressed in more than 50% of primary human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). High TLR7 expression was associated with shorter patient survival, and TLR7 inhibition in cell lines reduced viability in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, global TLR7 deficiency did not alter survival or overall histopathological tumor features in genetic mouse models of PDAC.ConclusionsTLR7 may have opposing functions in tumor versus stroma cells. Further work is required to more precisely dissect the roles of TLR7 and its ligands in different populations of epithelial and stromal cells and to understand their relative contributions to tumor progression.
The psychological determinants of classroom preferences: Implicit and explicit racial attitudes and racial composition of classrooms
Authors: Brinkman Craig S. , Gabriel Shira , Kimelberg Shelley M. , Poulin Michael J. , Valenti Jennifer , Hugenberg Kurt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe opportunity for parents to select their children's school is both increasingly common and linked to school segregation in the U.S. Here, we investigate how race and racial attitudes shape parents' classroom preferences, which have direct implications for school choices. We measured the implicit and explicit racial attitudes of both White and Black parents (Study 1: N = 201; mean age = 35.46; 173 women, 28 men; 37 Black, 147 White) of preschool‐aged children who themselves were about to choose educational settings for their children, as well as those parents' preferences for classrooms varying in racial composition. Both implicit and explicit racial attitudes separately predicted classroom preferences, suggesting that both overt and covert racial prejudice play roles in the related decision of school enrollment. Results were replicated in a follow‐up study using a sample of college students (Study 2: N = 357; mean age = 18.90; 183 women, 169 men, 2 transgender, 2 non‐binary, 1 unreported; 144 Black, 213 White). Racially biased parents tend to prefer classrooms with fewer Black students, an effect that occurs even for implicit measures of bias and varies to some extent based on parental race. These effects have direct implications for patterns of segregation in American schools. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.