bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Variasi Penimbangan Terhadap Akurasi Penentuan Bilangan Asam Pada Alkyd Resin
Authors: Hidayat Firman Adji Nur , Sanjaya I Gusti Made 
Published: March 2023

Alkyd resin adalah polyester yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan asam lemak dan komponen lainnya. Alkyd berasal dari poliol dan asam organik termasuk asam dikarboksilat atau asam karboksilat anhidrat dan minyak trigliserida. Kualitas suatu alkyd resin ditentukan berdasarkan parameternya antara lain: kadar zat padat, viskositas, bilangan asam, warna dan kejernihan. Bilangan asam yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan cat mudah menguning, oleh karena itu diperlukan ketelitian dalam melakukan analisa bilangan asam. Untuk mengetahui bilangan asam dilakukan dengan metode titrasi asidimetri. Produk A, B, dan C ditimbang masing-masing: 0.5g, 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, 10g, 12g, 14g, ke dalam erlenmeyer 300 ml yang di dalamnya telah berisi 100 ml pelarut. Masukkan magnetic stirer lalu aduk hingga larut sempurna di atas pemanas listrik. Tambahkan 2 tetes indikator phenolphthalein 1% ke dalam erlenmeyer. Tuang larutan KOH 0.2 alkoholik ke dalam buret 50ml. Titrasi dilakukan hingga terjadi perubahan dari larutan tak berwarna menjadi merah muda. Catat volume yang didapatkan (ml). Dari penelitian yang dilakukan semakin kecil sampel yang ditimbang maka penyimpangan hasil analisa bilangan asam dari penimbangan sampel secara teori (10 gram) semakin besar. Berdasarkan % akurasi yang diizinkan adalah yaitu 3% maka variabel penimbangan yang dapat ditoleransi adalah 8–14 gram. Penimbangan sampel kurang dari 8-gram atau di atas 14 gr akan menghasilkan bilangan asam yang memiliki penyimpangan yang sangat besar.

Kata kunci : Alkyd resin, Bilangan asam, Larutan KOH, Titrasi
ARTIKEL REVIEW: PEMANFAATAN KATALIS ZEOLIT ALAM TERAKTIVASI DALAM SINTESIS BIODIESEL DENGAN METODE ESTERIFIKASI DAN TRANSESTERIFIKASI
Authors: Ulfa Siti Novita Sari , Samik Samik 
Published: March 2023

Menipisnya bahan bakar minyak bumi dapat menjadi masalah jika tidak ditanggulangi dengan cepat. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan kelangkaan dan meningkatnya harga bahan bakar minyak. Energi alternatif mulai dikembangakan sebagai solusi atas masalah tersebut, salah satunya adalah biodiesel. Sintesis biodiesel memiliki bahan utama berupa minyak seperti minyak kelapa sawit, minyak jelantah, minyak biji karet, minyak sawit mentah, dan lain-lain. Reaksi sintesis biodiesel umumnya adalah reaksi transesterifikasi yang cenderung lambat dan lama sehingga diperlukan katalis agar reaksi dapar berjalan dengan cepat. Terdapat dua katalis yang dapat digunakan yaitu katalis homogen dan katalis heterogen. Penggunaan katalis heterogen lebih mudah dipisahkan dikarenakan fasa katalis berbeda dengan reaktan maupun produk. Salah satu katalis heterogen biodiesel yang dapat digunakan adalah katalis zeolit alam. Penggunaan katalis zeolit alam memiliki banyak keuntungan seperti harganya yang relatif murah, kelimpahan di alam yang cukup banyak, dan ramah lingkungan. Pemanfaatan zeolit alam sebagai katalis biodiesel diperlukan aktivasi zeolit alam yang dapat dilakukan dengan larutan asam maupun basa. Oleh karena itu, pada artikel review ini membahas mengenai % yield biodisel dengan bantuan katalis zeolit alam yang teraktivasi asam atau basa dari sepuluh artikel. Didapatkan % yield biodiesel tertinggi sebesar 100% pada produksi biodiesel dari minyak jelantah dengan katalis zeolit alam Wonosari teraktivasi asam berupa HCl 6M pada reaksi esterifikasi sebanyak 2% dari berat minyak. Kemudian dilanjutkan reaksi transesterifikasi dengan katalis basa KOH dengan kondisi suhu 60℃ dengan rasio molar minyak dan metanol 1:6 selama 1 jam, dan kecepatan pengadukan 1200 rpm. Berdasarkan hasil artikel review ini zeolit alam yang telah teraktivasi asam atau basa dapat dijadikan sebagai katalis dalam sintesis biodiesel menggunakan metode transesterifikasi dan esterifikasi.

Kata kunci : Biodiesel, Katalis biodiesel, Zeolit Alam
REVIEW : PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN NANOSILVER TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN NANOPLATINA DALAM MEREDAM RADIKAL BEBAS
Authors: Anggia putri Della Bonita , Taufikurrohmah Titik 
Published: March 2023

Humans naturally experience a decline in bodily functions which results in the elimination of free radicals not working optimally. Oxidative stress caused by radicals can affect several degenerative diseases such as premature aging, cancer, and coronary heart disease. In an effort carried out research aimed to analyze and discuss the effect of nanosilver on the antioxidant activity of nanoplatines in reducing free radicals in various time variations, as well as to analyze and discuss the best concentration of nanosilver that supports the antioxidant activity of nanoplatines. The concentration used was 20 ppm nanoplatine and Nanosilver 5 to 25 ppm. According to previous research, to study the antioxidant activity using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer as a tool to characterize platinum nanoparticles and DPPH methods to discuss the activity of reducing free radicals because they require antioxidants. Results showed that the addition of nanosilver with concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm had a significant influence on the antioxidant activity of nanoplatines. The results of the average reduction in combined nanosilver 20 ppm with variations in the concentration of nanoplatines 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm were 75.90%; 82.90%; 86.61%; 87.95%; and 85.19%. The effect of the addition of nanoplatinum on the antioxidant activity of nanosilver has a synergy due to an increase in the yield of percent reduction from each increase in concentration with the optimum results on the addition of 20 ppm nanoplatina with a yield of 87.95% [Hesti, Nita. (2017)].

Keywords : Nanosilver, Nanoplatina, Antioxidant activity, DPPH
Pemeranan Tokoh Comol dalam Naskah Lautan Bernyanyi Karya Putu Wijaya dengan Metode Akting The System Stanislavsky
Authors: HAIKAL M , SULAIMAN SULAIMAN , SAADUDDIN SAADUDDIN 
Published: March 2023

PABSTRAKemeran tokoh Comol dalam naskah Lautan Bernyanyi karya Putu Wijaya merupakan penciptaan seni peran yang dilakukan untuk mewujudkan tokoh Comol oleh pemeran pada sebuah pertunjukan seni teater, perwujudan tokoh dimulai dengan menganalisis struktur dan tekstur tokoh Comol dalam naskah Lautan Bernyanyi. Penciptaan tokoh Comol menggunakan metode The system yang digagas oleh Stanislavsky dengan meliputi beberapa aspek seperti psikologi, fisiologi dan sosiologi. Hasil dari analisi tekstur dan struktur menjadi pedoman bagi pemeran untuk mewujudkan tokoh Comol dalam naskah Lautan Bernyanyi karya Putu Wijaya. ABSTRACTThe role of the Comol character in Putu Wijaya's Lautan Bernyanyi script is the creation of a role-playing art to embody the Comol character by performing theatrical art performances, and the realization begins by analyzing the structure and texture of the Comol character in the Lautan Bernyanyi script. The creator of the Comol character uses The system method, which Stanislavsky initiated by covering several aspects such as psychology, physiology, and sociology. The texture and structure analysis results serve as guidelines for the cast to embody the Comol character in Putu Wijaya's Lautan Bernyanyi script.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TANAH WAKAF DI KECAMATAN SELEBAR KOTA BENGKULU PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: Masud Ibnu , Irsal Irsal 
Published: March 2023

Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan tata cara penyelesaian sengketa tanah wakaf di Kecamatan Selebar Kota Bengkulu, selanjutnya untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan tata cara penyelesaian sengketa tanah wakaf di Kecamatan Selebar Kota Bengkulu ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif. Dalam menggali dan mendapatkan informasi dilapangan maka peneliti menggunakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dimulai bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Juni 2021 yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Selebar Kota Bengkulu Provinsi Bengkulu Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ditemukan bahwa para pihak telah melakukan cara dalam menyelesaikan sengketa tanah wakaf diantaranya melalui Musyawarah, Arbitrase, Mediasi dan Litigasi yang pelaksanaannya disesuaikan dengan situasi dan kondisi pada saat terjadi sengketa. Selanjutnya dalam penyelesaian sengketa tanah wakaf di Kecamatan Selebar kota Bengkulu, Nazir dan para pihak yang bersengketa lebih memilih menggunakan jalan damai. Dari beberapa kasus dan data yang didapat bahwa penyelesaian sengketa tanah wakaf di Kecamatan Selebar Kota Bengkulu, dapat penulis simpulkan bahwa: Penyelesaian sengketa melalui jalur non litigasi dan litigasi sesuai dengan hukum Islam dan hukum positif. Penyelesaian sengketa tanah wakaf di Kecamatan Selebar Kota Bengkulu telah sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum Islam dan hukum Positif.Kata kunci : Sengketa Tanah Wakaf, Selebar, Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam. Abstract : The purpose of this study is: to analyze and describe the procedures for resolving waqf land disputes in the Selebar District of Bengkulu City, then to analyze and describe the procedures for resolving waqf land disputes in the Selebar District of Bengkulu City in terms of the perspective of Islamic law and positive law. In exploring and obtaining information in the field, the researchers used field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. This research was started from May to June 2021, which was located in Selebar District, Bengkulu City, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. In the study, it was found that the parties had taken steps to resolve waqf land disputes including through Deliberation, Arbitration, Mediation and Litigation, the implementation of which was adjusted to the situation and conditions at the time of the dispute. Furthermore, in the settlement of waqf land disputes in Selebar District, Bengkulu city, Nazir and the disputing parties prefer to use the peaceful way. From several cases and data obtained that the settlement of waqf land disputes in Selebar District, Bengkulu City, the authors can conclude that: Settlement of disputes through non-litigation and litigation channels is in accordance with Islamic law and positive law. The settlement of waqf land disputes in the Selebar District of Bengkulu City has been in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law and positive law.Keywords: Waqf Land Dispute, Broad, Positive Law and Islamic Law.
EDUKASI DAN EKSPLORASI PENGOLAHAN KOPI DI PERHUTANAN SOSIAL DESA JAMBEWANGI, KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Adzkiya Muhammad Agung Zaim , Renanti Medhanita Dewi , Trison Soni 
Published: March 2023

Indonesia dikenal sebagai penghasil kopi di dunia dengan tidak kurang dari 300 ribu ton biji kopi diekspor keluar negeri baik jenis arabika maupun robusta. Sebagian besar tanaman kopi ditanam dan dibudidayakan di sekitar hutan. Mitra Hutan Lestari merupakan Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan yang berada di Desa Jambewangi Kecamatan Sempu Kabupaten Banyuwangi dengan luas wilayah pangkuan hutan tidak kurang 7000 Hektar dan salah satu komoditi yang belum termanfaatkan dengan maksimal adalah kopi. Tujuan dari program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah melakukan edukasi dan eksplorasi pengolahan kopi di perhutanan sosial Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan Mitra Hutan Lestari di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Metode yang digunakan dalam edukasi adalah pemberian materi pengolahan kopi mulai dari pemanenan hingga kopi disajikan. Eksplorasi jenis tanaman kopi dilakukan dengan terjun langsung ke lokasi perhutanan sosial dan menentukan jenis tanaman kopi di kawasan hutan. Evaluasi pelatihan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pre-test dan post-test kepada seluruh peserta pelatihan. Gambaran umum peserta pelatihan edukasi dan eksplorasi pengolahan kopi menyukai minuman kopi dengan rasa pahit untuk peserta pria dan peserta wanita lebih menyukai minuman kopi dengan kombinasi susu dan sirup dengan aneka rasa. Hasil analisis pre-test dan post-test menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan peserta mulai dari tata cara pemanenan buah kopi, pengolahan buah kopi menjadi biji kopi, penilaian nilai cacat biji kopi, penyangraian dan penyeduhan kopi. Peserta pelatihan melalui kegiatan eksplorasi telah mampu membedakan jenis kopi yang ada di wilayah perhutanan social. Adanya pelatihan edukasi dan eksplorasi pengolahan kopi ini telah mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan semangat peserta pelatihan untuk mengembangkan kopi di areal perhutanan sosial.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PARITAS DENGAN KEJADIAN RUPTUR PERINEUM PADA PERSALINAN PERVAGINAM DI RSPAL DR. RAMELAN PERIODE JANUARI 2019 – JULI 2022
Authors: Darmayanti Ni Ketut Alit Darmayanti 
Published: March 2023

Abstrak
Latar belakang : Ruptur perineum merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada persalinan pervaginam dan menyebabkan rasa tidak nyaman disertai nyeri yang cukup lama setelah melahirkan. Nyeri perineum yang lama dapat membatasi seorang wanita untuk melakukan aktivitas pasca persalinan. Ruptur perineum dapat terjadi secara spontan maupun iatrogenik (episiotomi atau penggunaan alat bantuan saat melahirkan). Beberapa komplikasi dari ruptur perineum adalah perdarahan, pemulihan postpartum yang lama, kontak ibu-anak yang tertunda, dan nyeri perineum. Paritas dan episiotomi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ruptur perineum.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara paritas dengan kejadian ruptur perineum pada persalinan pervaginam di RSPAL Dr. Ramelan periode Januari 2019 – Juli 2022.
Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Data sekunder yang berasal dari rekam medis RSPAL Dr. Ramelan diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dan data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji korelasi Kendall’s tau-b.
Hasil :Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi Kendall’s tau-b, didapatkan signifikansi p=0,609, nilai yang diperoleh lebih dari nilai α (α = 0,05) artinya tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara paritas dengan kejadian ruptur perineum sedangkan pada hubungan antara episiotomi dengan ruptur perineum didapatkan signifikansi p=0,992, nilai yang diperoleh lebih dari nilai α (α = 0,05) artinya tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara episiotomi dengan kejadian ruptur perineum.
Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara paritas dan episiotomi dengan kejadian ruptur perineum pada persalinan pervaginam.
Mammosphere formation assay optimization in the characterization of cancer stem cells of the primary breast tumor
Authors: USLU Gizem , ÜNAL HALBUTOĞULLARI Zehra Seda , GACAR Gülçin , UTKAN Nihat Zafer , YAZIR Yusufhan 
Published: March 2023

Background/Purpose: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer among females worldwide. Breast cancer tumors that feature breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are known to cause drug resistance and metastasis. Culturing BCSCs from primary tumors as mammospheres is both difficult and costly. Therefore, the ability to form BCSC mammospheres in-vitro has become essential in assessing their characterization. Flow cytometric analysis of surface markers and measurement of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity are among other methods used to evaluate cancer cells' stem cell activity.
Methods:The research material consisted of BCSCs isolated from the tumor tissues collected from two patients with invasive ductal carcinoma breast tumors. Subsequently, several stem cell surface markers, i.e., cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), CD24, and CD133, were analyzed using flow cytometry during the third passaging of the cells. ALDH assay is performed with negative control verapamil incubated cells. Two mammosphere forming methods, i.e., low attachment and agar-coated wells together with medium seeded in three different cell concentrations, were compared.
Results: CD44+, CD24- and CD133+antibody expressions showed that these cells could be tumor-initiating CSCs. ALDH assay results also indicated that these cells possessed stem cell features. In addition, the results of the mammosphere assay revealed that agar-coated wells at a concentration of 7000 cells/cm2 had more prominent floating features and viable spheres.
Conclusion: The findings of this study supported the hypothesis that agar-coated culture dishes in mammosphere culture would increase the mammosphere formation efficiency (MFE) value and revealed the importance of the number of cells in elucidating the nature of BCSCs.
Scientific Support of Occupational Risk Management Decisions in Industrial Sectors in Case of Uncertainty
Authors: Kruzhilko Oleg , Mahmoud Alaa El Din , Maystrenko Volodymyr , Volodchenkova Natalia , Polukarov Oleksiy , Sydorenko Volodymyr , Pruskyi Andrii , Arlamov Oleksandr 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: One of the most important steps in risk assessment is the selection of assessment methods. Traditionally, when developing measures to reduce the level of occupational morbidity and industrial injuries, the results of an analysis of the causes, types of events and other factors that led to accidents are used. But such an approach does not meet modern requirements. For an adequate assessment of occupational risks, it is necessary to have objective data from different time periods: the onset of traumatic events in the past, the current state of threats to life and health of people, and the future state of threats in industrial sectors.
Methods: Mathematical modeling remains the main means of scientific support for occupational risk management. The Elmeri system was chosen for occupational risk assessment in this study, which can be easily and quickly used in any industry and in enterprises of all sizes. A critical analysis of various approaches to managing occupational risks in enterprises was applied to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. The method of generalizing the most effective approaches to occupational risk management was applied to develop the algorithm of occupational risk management decisions in industrial sectors in case of uncertainty.
Results: An occupational risk management algorithm has been developed to substantiate management decisions on planning measures to reduce risk, the implementation of which ensures the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing risk. Research has shown that if the decision-making situation is characterized by conditions of uncertainty (it is impossible to obtain mathematical models of acceptable accuracy), the assessment of the predictive values of occupational risk is carried out exclusively by an expert. Thus, the occupational risk indicator used at the final stage of planning activities determines the degree of achievement of the result of solving the task.
Conclusion: It has been established that in conditions of uncertainty (lack of necessary data or available data are incomplete or unreliable), experts involved in solving the problem of risk management use their own knowledge and experience in solving similar problems. As a promising direction for further research, it should be noted the development of a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of operational management decisions for planning and implementing measures to reduce risks
Additional Yield of Active Case Finding Through House Hold Survey in Selected District of Kabul, Afghanistan, 2018
Authors: Ahmadzada Namatullah , Manzoor Lutfullah , Moroofi Shah Wali , Seddiq Khaled , Lal Bibek Kumar , Pant Rajendra Prasad , Sultana Rabeya , Qader Ghulam , Nasrat Akmal 
Published: March 2023

Every year, 10.4 million people get sick with Tuberculosis (TB) and 40 percent of them do not receive treatment care - they are “missed” to identify by the health systems. Missing TB cases is major challenge in fighting the disease; pose a serious threat to global health security. As per World Health organization estimation, in 2018, Afghanistan missed 27 percent TB case notification. Thus we conducted an active case finding through house hold survey from June – November, 2018 in Kabul city, districts of Afghanistan.
This descriptive cross sectional study included all the residence of 21 sub-districts in Kabul City Afghanistan. After obtaining written consent, data was collected using a structured questionnaire from all presumptive TB cases. Sputum was collected from eligible participants and tested for AFB, Gene-Xpart and Chest X-ray was done. Standard test algorithm and case categorization was done according to WHO recommendations. Descriptive analysis of demographic, clinical and laboratory data was done.
A total of 22,596 participants were included and among them 6740 were eligible. Among them 1614(24.3%) individuals were screened positive to have presumptive TB and 105 (6.5%) had laboratory confirmed TB. Thus the case notification rate was 465 in 100,000 populations. Among the presumptive TB cases, mean age was 38.6 + 18.5 years; 74% were female; 72% were housewives/unemployed; 2.6% were smokers.
The case notification rate and the point prevalence showed increase numbers than the actual reports by the Afghanistan National TB program, which signifies the program was missing significant numbers of TB cases. Hence active TB case finding might be an effective approach in terms of case notification in Afghanistan. We recommend extending active community TB surveillance of the country.
بناء أنموذج برمجه خطيه عددية صحيحة لزيادة الإرباح في خط إنتاجي للزيوت النباتية السائلة
Authors: موسى سعد 
Published: March 2023

Most Iraqi companies in the manufacturing sector face a problem of low profits and costs increasing because this sector did not use scientific techniques. In this paper an integer programming model was built to solve the profit problem in the liquid vegetable oil production in the state company of vegetable oils. The branch and bound method was used to solve this model.

تواجه معظم شركات القطاع الصناعي في العراق مشكله قله الإرباح وزيادة التكاليف لان هذا القطاع لا يستخدم الأساليب العلمية ضمن هذا البحث بناء أنموذج برمجه عدديه صحيحة لحل مشكله قله الإرباح في خط إنتاجي للزيوت النباتية ألسائله في الشركة العامة للزيوت النباتية وقد استخدمت طريقه التفرع والتقيد لحل الأنموذج الرياضي
The Composition Operator Induced By The Function
Authors: Hussain Aqeel Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

The main aim of this search to study the composition operator induced by the automorphism Â and discuss the adjoint of the composition operator, also we discuss some properties of composition operator and tried to see the analogue properties in order to show how the results are changed by changing the function Â of U. In order to make the work accessible to the reader, we have included some known results with the details of the proofs for some cases and proofs for the properties.
Fuzzy Regular Proper Mapping
Authors: Abdullah Habeeb Kareem , Hussein Worood Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

Â Â Â The purpose of this paper is construct the concept of fuzzy regular proper mapping in fuzzy topological spaces . We give some characterization of fuzzy regular compact mapping and fuzzy regular coercive mapping . We study the relation among the concepts of fuzzy regular proper mapping , fuzzy regular compact mapping and fuzzy regular coerciveÂ mapping and we obtained several properties.Â
Solution of Fractional Delay Linear Integro-differential Equations Using Variational Approach and Approximate method
Authors: Fadhel Fadhel Subhi , Al-Azawi Saad Naji , Ibrahem Thekra Abdul Latiff 
Published: March 2023

In this paper fractional linear integro-differential equations with and without delays is studied, and solving such equations by using the variational approach and singularity methods.Â Â
Near Prime Spectrum
Authors: Mustafa Hadi J , Hassan Ameer Mohammad-Husain 
Published: March 2023

Let Â be a commutative ring with identity . It is well known that a topology was defined for Â called the Zariski topology (prime spectrum) . In this paper we will generalize this idea for near prime ideal . If Â be a commutative near-ring with identity , Â be a near prime ideal of Â and define Â . Then Â can be endowed with a topology similar to the Zariski topology which is called near Zariski topology (near prime spectrum) . we studies and discuss some of properties of such topology .