bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive ATR‐FTIR spectroscopic analysis for the identification and differentiation of lip balms
Authors: Yadav Arti , Nimi Chongtham , Sharma Sweety , Kaur Jasleen , Singh Rajinder 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLip balm may be encountered as physical evidence in cases involving sexual assaults, homicides, and kidnappings. Lip balm can be used as corroborative evidence by providing a potential link between the victim, accused, and the crime scene. For lip balms to be used as evidence, it is important to understand the diversity and their aging process under different conditions. Therefore, in this study, ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has been used for the objective identification and differentiation of 20 brands of lip balms. Moreover, lip balms on different substrates and wearing effects over time were also investigated. The results show that the PCA‐LDA training accuracy was 92.5%, whereas the validation accuracy comes out to be 83.33%. A blind study using pristine samples was also performed which resulted in 80% PCA‐LDA accuracy. PCA‐LDA prediction of samples on various substrates showed a higher chemometric prediction accuracy for nonporous substrates (glass, plastic, and steel), than for porous substrates (cotton cloth, cotton swab stick, dry tissue paper, and white paper) for samples kept in room temperature and under sunlight for 15 days. The substrate study showed that the samples from various substrates could effectively generate respective spectra which can help in brand‐level identification even after several days. The present method demonstrates a potential for lip balm samples to be used in forensic casework applications.
Relationship between gastric xanthoma, gastric precancerous lesions, and gastric cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Shen Wei Na , Qu Xiao Dong , Chen Sha Sha , Liu Yu Huan , Gao Meng Jie , Shi Yong Quan 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between gastric cancer and its precancerous lesions and gastric xanthoma.MethodsMedical records of 47 736 patients who underwent gastroscopy in our center from January 2020 to December 2021 were reviewed. Patients’ age, sex, endoscopic and histopathological findings, and the presence, number and location of gastric xanthoma were recorded. To investigate the detection rate of gastric xanthoma at different stages of gastric lesions, the participants were further divided into the chronic gastritis group (n = 42 758), the precancerous lesion group (n = 3672), and the gastric cancer group (n = 1306), respectively.ResultsThe overall detection rate of gastric xanthoma was 2.85%, and it was most commonly observed in the gastric antrum (52.50%). In addition, gastric xanthoma was more common in men and more likely to be single lesion. It was most detected in the precancerous lesion group (8.39%), followed by the gastric cancer group (5.44%), and least in the chronic gastritis group (2.29%). Multivariate analysis showed that gastric xanthoma was closely related to precancerous lesions (odds ratio [OR] 3.197, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.791–3.662, P < 0.001) and gastric cancer (OR 1.794, 95% CI 1.394–2.309, P < 0.001).ConclusionGastric xanthoma is closely related to gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer.
What are the missing pieces needed to stop antibiotic resistance?
Authors: Martínez José L. , Baquero Fernando 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs recognized by several international agencies, antibiotic resistance is nowadays one of the most relevant problems for human health. While this problem was alleviated with the introduction of new antibiotics into the market in the golden age of antimicrobial discovery, nowadays few antibiotics are in the pipeline. Under these circumstances, a deep understanding on the mechanisms of emergence, evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance, as well as on the consequences for the bacterial physiology of acquiring resistance is needed to implement novel strategies, beyond the development of new antibiotics or the restriction in the use of current ones, to more efficiently treat infections. There are still several aspects in the field of antibiotic resistance that are not fully understood. In the current article, we make a non‐exhaustive critical review of some of them that we consider of special relevance, in the aim of presenting a snapshot of the studies that still need to be done to tackle antibiotic resistance.
A novel peptide derived from vascular endothelial growth factor prevents amyloid beta aggregation and toxicity
Authors: Bouvet P. , de Gea P. , Aimard M. , Chounlamountri N. , Honnorat J. , Delcros J. G. , Salin P. A. , Meissirel C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmyloid‐β oligomers (Aβo) are the most pathologically relevant Aβ species in Alzheimer's disease (AD), because they induce early synaptic dysfunction that leads to learning and memory impairments. In contrast, increasing VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) brain levels have been shown to improve learning and memory processes, and to alleviate Aβ‐mediated synapse dysfunction. Here, we designed a new peptide, the blocking peptide (BP), which is derived from an Aβo‐targeted domain of the VEGF protein, and investigated its effect on Aβ‐associated toxicity. Using a combination of biochemical, 3D and ultrastructural imaging, and electrophysiological approaches, we demonstrated that BP strongly interacts with Aβo and blocks Aβ fibrillar aggregation process, leading to the formation of Aβ amorphous aggregates. BP further impedes the formation of structured Aβo and prevents their pathogenic binding to synapses. Importantly, acute BP treatment successfully rescues long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD, at an age when LTP is highly impaired in hippocampal slices. Moreover, BP is also able to block the interaction between Aβo and VEGF, which suggests a dual mechanism aimed at both trapping Aβo and releasing VEGF to alleviate Aβo‐induced synaptic damage. Our findings provide evidence for a neutralizing effect of the BP on Aβ aggregation process and pathogenic action, highlighting a potential new therapeutic strategy.
Pitfalls of predicting age‐related traits by polygenic risk scores
Authors: Escott‐Price Valentina , Schmidt Karl Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) are a method increasingly used to capture the combined effect of genome‐wide significant variants and those which individually do not show genome‐wide significant association but are likely to contribute to the risk of developing diseases. However, their practical use incurs complications and inconsistencies that so far limit their clinical applicability. The aims of the present review are to discuss the PRS for age‐related diseases and to highlight pitfalls and limitations of PRS prediction accuracy due to ageing and mortality effects. We argue that the PRS is widely used but the individual's PRS values differ substantially depending on the number of genetic variants included, the discovery GWAS and the method employed to generate them. Moreover, for neurodegenerative disorders, although an individual's genetics do not change with age, the actual score depends on the age of the sample used in the discovery GWAS and is likely to reflect the individual's disease risk at this particular age. Improvement of PRS prediction accuracy for neurodegenerative disorders will come from two sides, both the precision of clinical diagnoses, and a careful attention to the age distribution in the underlying samples and validation of the prediction in longitudinal studies.
C‐reactive protein is a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Bonazzi Vanessa F. , Aoude Lauren G. , Brosda Sandra , Bradford Julia J. , Lonie James M. , Loffler Kelly A. , Gartside Michael G. , Patel Kalpana , Mukhopadhyay Pamela , Keane Colm , Gebski Val , Kench James G. , Goldstein David , Waddell Nicola , Barbour Andrew P. ,   the Australasian Gastro‐Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG) GAP investigators
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe 5‐year survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is approximately 11% and has only improved marginally over the last three decades. For operable PDAC, resection and adjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy is standard of care. There is growing interest in perioperative regimens to improve outcomes. The non‐randomized Phase II study “Gemcitabine and Abraxane for resectable Pancreatic cancer” (GAP) demonstrated the feasibility of perioperative gemcitabine/abraxane. Long‐term survival in PDAC requires an effective immune response; hence, we undertook this translational study of the GAP trial cohort to identify immune‐oncology biomarkers for clinical use.MethodsWe combined Nanostring nCounter technology with immunohistochemistry to investigate the correlation between gene expression and overall patient survival. Findings were investigated in samples from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC, n = 88) and the Australian Pancreatic Genome Initiative (APGI, n = 227).ResultsWe confirmed that human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) expression was not a prognostic marker in PDAC but patients with high levels of hENT1 were more likely to live longer than 24 months post‐surgery. Additionally, CD274 (PD‐L1) and two novel biomarkers of survival, cathepsin W (CTSW) and C‐reactive protein (CRP), were identified in the GAP cohort (n = 19). CRP expression was confirmed in data from the ICGC. Although PD‐L1 and CTSW proteins were not significant across all three cohorts, results show that low CRP mRNA and protein expression are associated with longer overall survival in all three patient groups.ConclusionPDAC patients with long survival have higher hENT1 expression levels. Furthermore, CRP expression is a biomarker of poor prognosis following perioperative chemotherapy and resection in PDAC patients and thus may be useful for identifying patients who could benefit from more aggressive adjuvant strategies.
Anti‐heat shock protein 10 IgG in chronic spontaneous urticaria: Relation with miRNA‐101‐5p and platelet‐activating factor
Authors: Choi Bo Youn , Yang Eun‐Mi , Jung Hae‐Won , Shin Min‐Kyoung , Jo Junghyun , Cha Hyun‐Young , Park Hae‐Sim , Kang Ho‐Chul , Ye Young‐Min 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐heat shock protein (HSP) autoantibodies are detected in autoimmune diseases. We sought to ascertain whether anti‐HSP10 IgG is present in patients with CSU and to elucidate the role of HSP10 in CSU pathogenesis.MethodUsing a human proteome microarray, six potential autoantibodies had higher expression in 10 CSU samples compared with 10 normal controls (NCs). Among them, HSP10 IgG autoantibody was quantified by immune dot‐blot assay in sera from 86 CSU patients and 44 NCs. The serum levels of HSP10 and microRNA‐101‐5p were measured in CSU patients and NCs. The effects of HSP10 and miR‐101‐5p on mast cell degranulation in response to IgE, compound 48/80, and platelet‐activating factor (PAF) were investigated.ResultsCSU patients had higher IgG positivity to HSP10 (40.7% vs. 11.4%, p = .001), lower serum HSP10 levels (5.8 ± 3.6 vs. 12.2 ± 6.6 pg/mL, p < .001) than in NCs, and their urticaria severity was associated with anti‐HSP10 IgG positivity, while HSP10 levels were related to urticaria control status. MiR‐101‐5p was increased in CSU patients. PAF enhanced IL4 production in PBMCs from CSU patients. IL‐4 upregulated miR‐101‐5p and reduced HSP10 expression in keratinocytes. Transfection of miR‐101‐5p reduced HSP10 expression in keratinocytes. MiR‐101‐5p promoted PAF‐induced mast cell degranulation, while HSP10 specifically prevented it.ConclusionA new autoantibody, anti‐HSP10 IgG was detected in CSU patients, which showed a significant correlation with UAS7 scores. A decreased serum HSP10 level was associated with upregulation of miR‐101‐5p due to increased IL‐4 and PAF in CSU patients. Modulation of miR‐101‐5p and HSP10 may be a novel therapeutic approach for CSU.
Risks and benefits of oral modified‐release compared with oral immediate‐release opioid use after surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu S. , Athar A. , Quach D. , Patanwala A. E. , Naylor J. M. , Stevens J. A. , Levy N. , Knaggs R. D. , Lobo D. N. , Penm J. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryPrescription of modified‐release opioids for acute postoperative pain is widespread despite evidence to show their use may be associated with an increased risk of adverse effects. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine the available evidence on the safety and efficacy of modified‐release, compared with immediate‐release, oral opioids for postoperative pain in adults. We searched five electronic databases from 1 January 2003 to 1 January 2023. Published randomised clinical trials and observational studies on adults who underwent surgery which compared those who received oral modified‐release opioids postoperatively with those receiving oral immediate‐release opioids were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data on the primary outcomes of safety (incidence of adverse events) and efficacy (pain intensity, analgesic and opioid use, and physical function) and secondary outcomes (length of hospital stay, hospital readmission, psychological function, costs, and quality of life) up to 12 months postoperatively. Of the eight articles included, five were randomised clinical trials and three were observational studies. The overall quality of evidence was low. Modified‐release opioid use was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events (n = 645, odds ratio (95%CI) 2.76 (1.52–5.04)) and worse pain (n = 550, standardised mean difference (95%CI) 0.2 (0.04–0.37)) compared with immediate‐release opioid use following surgery. Our narrative synthesis concluded that modified‐release opioids showed no superiority over immediate‐release opioids for analgesic consumption, length of hospital stay, hospital readmissions or physical function after surgery. One study showed that modified‐release opioid use is associated with higher rates of persistent postoperative opioid use compared with immediate‐release opioid use. None of the included studies reported on psychological function, costs or quality of life.
Low testosterone at age 31 associates with maternal obesity and higher body mass index from childhood until age 46: A birth cohort study
Authors: Laru Johanna , Pinola Pekka , Ojaniemi Marja , Korhonen Elisa , Laikari Lotta , Franks Stephen , Piltonen Terhi T. , Tapanainen Juha S. , Niinimäki Maarit , Morin‐Papunen Laure 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLow testosterone (T) levels in men associate with increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most studies are cross‐sectional with follow‐up‐time < 10 years, and data on early growth are limited.ObjectiveTo compare prenatal factors and body mass index (BMI) development from birth to age 46 in relation to low T at age 31.Materials and methodsMen with low T (T < 12.1 nmol/L, n = 132) and men with normal T at age 31 (n = 2561) were derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Prenatal factors, longitudinal weight and height data from birth to age 14, and cross‐sectional weight and height data at ages 31 and 46, and waist‐hip‐ratio (WHR) and T levels at age 31 were analyzed. Longitudinal modeling and timing of adiposity rebound (AR, second BMI rise at age 5–7 years) were calculated from fitted BMI curves. Results were adjusted for mother's pre‐pregnancy BMI and smoking status, birth weight for gestational age, alcohol consumption, education level, smoking status, and WHR at age 31.ResultsNeither gestational age nor birth weight was associated with low T at age 31; however, maternal obesity during gestation was more prevalent among men with low T (9.8% vs. 3.5%, adjusted aOR: 2.43 [1.19−4.98]). Men with low T had earlier AR (5.28 vs. 5.82, aOR: 0.73 [0.56−0.94]) and higher BMI (p < 0.001) from AR onward until age 46. Men with both early AR and low T had the highest BMI from AR onward.ConclusionsIn men, maternal obesity and early weight gain associate with lower T levels at age 31, independently of adulthood abdominal obesity. Given the well‐known health risks related to obesity, and the rising prevalence of maternal obesity, the results of the present study emphasize the importance of preventing obesity that may also affect the later reproductive health of the offspring.
Water is dying everywhere
Authors: Hyde Sandra Teresa 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis flash piece asks what development means for rivers, indigenous farmers, and tourists when we redirect, move, and siphon water from one region to another. The work considers rivers as traces of time, peoples, and environments, following my chronology and physical residence(s) in California, Hunan, Guangxi, and Yunnan in China. I begin in the Bay Area, where I grew up, and move to my time spent on five rivers in Southern China: the Xiangjiang, the Li, the Jinsha, the Lancang, and the Nujiang.
Farmers’ organizations and sustainable development: An introduction
Authors: Ma Wanglin , Marini Marco A. , Rahut Dil B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis special issue features 14 new research papers investigating the role of farmers’ organizations (e.g., collective action, self‐help groups, producer companies/organizations, and cooperatives) in supporting sustainable development. The key findings include: (1) farmer groups and cooperatives promote farmers’ adoption of good farm management practices, new agricultural technologies and sustainable farming practices, although not substantially improving farm yield; (2) outsourcing services provided by agricultural cooperatives help to increase the technical efficiency of crop production; (3) cooperative membership enhances members’ bargaining power and enables them to sell their products at higher prices; (4) cooperatives motivate rural laborers to work in off‐farm sectors, while self‐help groups empower rural women in decision‐making; (5) internet use improves agricultural cooperatives’ economic, social, and innovative performances; (6) direct administrative intervention supporting cooperative development may lead to the emergence of shell cooperatives; (7) participation in forest farmer organizations enables wood value chain upgrading; (8) increasing the cooperative size in terms of income, equity, and assets increases the profitability of savings and credit cooperatives; and (9) creating cross‐border cooperation between cooperatives generates benefits for all parties involved. These findings can inspire the design of policies aimed to support farmers’ organizations in achieving sustainable development goals.
Verbal but not visual–spatial working memory contributes to complex arithmetic calculation
Authors: Chen Chunhui , Liu Pengfei , Lu Shuzhen , Li Siqi , Zhang Chunli , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe contribution of working memory to mathematics has been extensively studied. It has been proposed that verbal working memory (VWM) and visual–spatial working memory (VSWM) have distinct contributions, but results have been inconclusive. Here, we hypothesized that VWM and VSWM contribute differentially to separate sub‐domains of mathematics. To test this hypothesis, we enrolled 199 primary school students and measured their VWM and VSWM with number/letter/matrix backward span tasks, and tested mathematics performance with simple subtraction, complex subtraction, multi‐step calculation and number series completion, while controlling for several aspects of cognition. We found that while letter backward span had a significant contribution to complex subtraction, multi‐step computation and number series completion, number backward span only had a significant contribution to multi‐step computation, and matrix span had no effect on any math task. These results suggest that only VWM associated with complex mathematics, which might reflect verbal rehearsal. In contrast, VSWM does not appear to associated with mathematics.
Acceptability and influence of a complex personalized intervention on changes in photoprotection behaviours among people with xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: Walburn Jessica , Foster Lesley , Araújo‐Soares Vera , Sarkany Robert , Weinman John , Sainsbury Kirby , Morgan Myfanwy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesRigorous photoprotection is the only means to prevent skin cancer in people with the rare condition of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). We conducted a qualitative process evaluation of patient experiences and responses to a highly personalized, multi‐component intervention, ‘XPAND’, designed to influence the psychosocial determinants of inadequate photoprotection among adults with XP.DesignQualitative study of 15 patients following participation in a RCT.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews explored acceptability, changes in photoprotection and attributions for behavioural changes. Analysis followed a framework approach.ResultsParticipants were overwhelmingly positive in their views of the quality and range of components of XPAND and the relevance to their personal photoprotection barriers. All participants reported improved adherence to at least one photoprotection activity and nearly two‐thirds of participants noted improvements across multiple activities. Participants believed improvements in their photoprotection behaviours were influenced by different change mechanisms. Sunscreen application, was mainly facilitated by habit formation, prompted by text messages, whereas the wearing of a photoprotective face buff was influenced by strategies, learnt during one‐to‐one sessions, to overcome worry about looking different. Enhancement of general self‐confidence and perceived support from XPAND described by participants facilitated change more broadly.ConclusionsExploration of responses to XPAND is required in the international XP population, followed by adaptation and evaluation to see if it could benefit other patient groups at higher risk of skin cancer. Implications for approaches to behaviour change include the acceptability of complex multidimensional interventions, the importance of dynamic personalization and the interactive nature of behaviour change mechanisms.
Developmental patterns of children's shyness: Relations with physiological, emotional, and regulatory responses to being treated unfairly
Authors: Hassan Raha , Smith Cynthia L. , Schmidt Louis A. , Brook Christina A. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe dysregulation of social fear has been widely studied in children's shyness, but we know little about how shy children regulate during unfair treatment. We first characterized developmental patterns of children's shyness (N = 304, ngirls = 153; 74% White, 26% Other) across 2 (Mage = 2.07), 3 (Mage = 3.08), 4 (Mage = 4.08), and 6 (Mage = 6.58) years of age. Data collection occurred from 2007 to 2014. At age 6, the high stable group had higher cardiac vagal withdrawal and lower expressed sadness and approach‐related regulatory strategy than the low stable group when being treated unfairly. Although shy children may be more physiologically impacted by being treated unfairly, they may mask their sadness to signal appeasement.