bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical radio pulsations from magnetar SGR 1935+2154
Authors: Li Di , Wang P. , Li Jian , Ji Long , Hou Xian , Gügercinoğlu Erbil , Li Di , Torres Diego , Chen Yutong , Niu J.R. , Zhu Weiwei , Zhang Bing , Liang En-Wei , Zhang Li , Ge Mingyu , Dai Z.G. , Lin Lin , Han Jinlin , Feng Yi , Niu Chenhui , Zhang Yongkun , Zhou D.J. , Xu Heng , Zhang Chunfeng , Jiang Jinchen , Miao C.C. , Yuan Mao , Wang Weiyang , Yue You-ling , Wu Yunsheng , Wang Yabiao , Wang Chengjie , Gan Zhenye , Li Yuxi , Sun Zhongyi , Chi Mingmin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Magnetars are neutron stars with extremely strong magnetic fields, frequently powering high-energy activity in X-rays1. Pulsed radio emission following some X-ray outbursts have been detected2,3, albeit its physical origin is unclear. It has long been speculated that the origin of magnetars’ radio signals is different from those from canonical pulsars, although convincing evidence is still lacking. Five months after magnetar SGR 1935+2154’s X-ray outburst and its associated Fast Radio Burst (FRB) 202004284,5, a radio pulsar phase was discovered6,7. Here we report the discovery of X-ray spectral hardening associated with the emergence of periodic radio pulsations from SGR 1935+2154 and a detailed analysis of the properties of the radio pulses. The complex radio pulse morphology, which contains both narrow-band emission and frequency drifts, has not been seen before in other magnetars, but is similar to those of repeating FRBs – even though the luminosities are many orders of magnitude different. The observations suggest that radio emission originates from the outer magnetosphere of the magnetar, and the surface heating due to the bombardment of inward-going particles from the radio emission region is responsible for the observed X-ray spectral hardening.
Intention to use Silver Diamine Fluoride for dental caries treatment among the elders
Authors: Nakphu Ratchawipa , Urwannachotima Nipaporn , Pisarnturakit Pagaporn Pantuwadee 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Tooth decay is a leading cause of tooth loss in older adults. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been proven effective for caries prevention and arrest among children and older adults. However, the SDF treatment leaves black staining on the decayed area. While several studies have revealed the acceptance of the staining of SDF treatment in children, very few studies have been conducted on older adults. This study aimed to assess the intention of the elders to use SDF for dental caries treatment.
Methods: The participants consisted of individuals aged 60-90 who can read and understand Thai language. After providing information about the SDF, a theory-guided interview based on the Theory of Reason Action (TRA) consisting of 23 questions covering seven constructs: behavioral belief, evaluation of behavioral outcome, normative belief, motivation to comply, attitude towards behavior, subjective norm, and intention. The participants were asked to rate their agreement with each question on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly agree) to 4 (Strongly disagree). Characteristics of the participants and score of each TRA question of participants with different intentions were compared using the Chi-square test and t-test. Multiple logistic regression was employed to determine the determinants of the intention to use SDF.
Results: A total of 588 elders with a mean age of 65.3 years (SD= 5.53), 52.7% were women, 58.1% were unemployed/retired, 80.8% lived with family, 63.4% had less than sixth-grade education, 62.9% had a monthly family income of less than 10,000 baht, and 63.6% had underlying diseases. Four hundred eighty-six participants (82.7%) indicated an intention to use SDF for dental caries treatment. An average score (SD) of intention to use SDF to treat dental caries was 2.86 (0.54). Age, family income, underlying disease, dental health problems, and fear of the dentist significantly affected intention. The behavioral belief and the evaluation of behavioral outcomes significantly affect the intention to use SDF treatment.
Conclusion: Most older adults intend to use SDF for dental caries treatment. The different intentions depend on beliefs and the SDF treatment’s outcome evaluation.
Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR), (TCTR20230308003) Retrospectively registered, Registered March 08, 2023 https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20230308003
Reducing sectoral hard to abate emissions to limit reliance of Carbon Dioxide Removal in 1.5°C scenarios
Authors: Edelenbosch Oreane , Berg Maarten van den , de Boer Harmen Sytze , Chen HsingHsuan , Daioglou Vassilis , Dekker Mark , Doelman Jonathan , Elzen Michel Den , Harmsen Mathijs , Hof Andries , Mikropoulos Efstratios , Sluisveld Mariësse van , Stehfest Elke , Tagomori Isabela S. , Zeist Willem-Jan van , Vuuren Detlef van 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Achieving net-zero greenhouse gas targets is often achieved by compensating residual greenhouse gas emissions in the hard to abate (HtA) sectors, with carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options. However, large-scale application of CDR may lead to environmental, technical and social concerns. The extent to which residual emissions can be reduced in the industry, agriculture, buildings and transport sector is analysed based on integrated assessment of scenarios with ambitious measures in the HtA sectors. Two scenarios that explore demand and technology-focused approaches show that by reducing residual emissions, the CDR ceiling can be significantly lowered (23-30%) compared to reference in the net-zero year. The agriculture sector plays a critical role in this given the large share of residual emissions. The additional measures allow to create a 1.5°C scenario in which crop-based bioenergy use is limited to 40 EJ/yr, therefore within sustainable limits, and afforestation can be limited to abandoned cropland and grassland.
How can innovations in sustainability education be scaled rapidly? A dynamic analysis
Authors: Rooney-Varga Juliette , Kapmeier Florian , Henderson Charles , Ford David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Society faces a ‘critical decade’ to accelerate climate action and transition towards a sustainable future. Doing so demands rapid scaling of innovations in higher education to build capacity. Many high-quality educational tools are freely available and some are known to motivate evidence-based climate and sustainability action. Most efforts to propagate these tools rely on outreach and word-of-mouth diffusion. But these approaches typically achieve little. We develop and analyze a dynamic computational model to understand why and to test other propagation strategies. Our analysis reveals that outreach has limited impact and does little to accelerate word-of-mouth adoption under conditions typical in higher education. Instead, we find that community-based propagation can rapidly accelerate adoption, as is also shown by a small number of successful real-world scaling efforts. Without coordinated, community-based propagation, it is unlikely that we will meet build the capacity needed to address climate and sustainability challenges.
Yes-man agent makes user make risky choices
Authors: Tetsuya Matsui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In this paper, I focused on subjective probability in decision-making in HAI. Many virtual agents are used to support users' decision-making; however, few prior works have focused on ambiguous situations. I hypothesize that users are more likely to choose ambiguity after interacting with friendly agents than with unfriendly ones. To verify this hypothesis, I conducted an experiment using the Ellsberg problem. In the task, participants chose either a box that definitely contained 30 winning balls or a box that contained an undefined number of winning balls. The independent variable was agents. I used two agents: a friendly yes-man agent and unfriendly agent. As a result, the hypothesis was supported. The participants who interacted with the friendly yes-man agent tended to make risky choices. This demonstrates the peculiarity and risks associated with friendly yes-man agents.
Machine Learning-driven Fragment-based Discovery of CIB1-directed Anti-Tumor Agents by FRASE-bot
Authors: Kireev Dmitri , An Yi , Lim Jiwoong , Glavatskikh Marta , Wang Xiaowen , Norris Jacqueline , Hardy Paul , Leisner Tina , Pearce Kenneth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Chemical probes are an indispensable tool for translating biological discoveries into new therapies, though are increasingly difficult to identify. Novel therapeutic targets are often hard-to-drug proteins, such as messengers or transcription factors. Computational strategies arise as a promising solution to expedite drug discovery for unconventional therapeutic targets. FRASE-bot exploits big data and machine learning (ML) to distill 3D information relevant to the target protein from thousands of protein-ligand complexes to seed it with ligand fragments. The seeded fragments can then inform either (i) de novo design of 3D ligand structures or (ii) ultra-large-scale virtual screening of commercially available compounds. Here, FRASE-bot was applied to identify ligands for Calcium and Integrin Binding protein 1 (CIB1), a promising but ligand-orphan drug target implicated in triple negative breast cancer. The signaling function of CIB1 relies on protein-protein interactions and its structure does not feature any natural ligand-binding pocket. FRASE-based virtual screening identified the first small-molecule CIB1 ligand (with binding confirmed in a TR-FRET assay) showing specific cell-killing activity in CIB1-dependent cancer cells, but not in CIB1-depleted cells.
Dual-color emissive OLED with orthogonal polarization modes
Authors: Zhai Tianrui , Chen Ruixiang , Liang Ningning 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Linearly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (LP-OLEDs) have become an appealing functional expansion in polarization optics and optoelectronic applications. However, this current LP-OLED generally presents comprehensively lower polarization performance, cost-prohibitive process and monochromatic modulation limit. Herein, a switchable dual-color OLED with orthogonal linearly polarization modes based on a dielectric/metal (D/M) nanograting-waveguide hybrid-microcavity geometry was first proposed, via the cost-efficient laser interference lithography and vacuum thermal evaporation methods. This acquired LP-OLED presented a reported transverse-electric/transverse-magnetic (TE/TM) polarization extinction ratio of 15.8 dB with a divergence angle of ± 30°, an excellent external quantum efficiency of 2.25%, and an orthogonal polarized colors from green to sky-blue. Detailed theoretical model illustrated that the rasterization of D/M-cathode further satisfied the momentum matching between waveguide and air mode. This diffracts both the targeted TE waveguide of sky-blue light that was localized furthest by modulating electron transport layer thickness and the off-confined green TM polarization light. Thereby, a polarization-encrypted colorful optical image was theoretically proposed. This work represents a significant step toward the low-cost LP-OLED with excellent polarization performance and toward the electrically-inspired polarization encryption for color images.
Preparation of sulfur self-doped coal-based adsorbent and its adsorption performance for Cu2+
Authors: Lei Dengke , Li Shulei , Gao Lihui , Hu Ming , Chai Na , Fan Jundi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The limited application of high sulfur coal (HSC) and the increasing severity of copper pollution in solution are two pressing issues. To alleviate such issues, a sulfur self-doped coal-based adsorbent (HSC@ZnCl2) was obtained by pyrolysis-activation (850 ℃, 60 min holding time) of HSC and ZnCl2 with a mass ratio of 1:0.5. Characterizations including scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that HSC@ZnCl2 exhibited part rough and part smooth surface, and sulfur in HSC could combine with Zn2+ to form the adsorption site ZnS. Cu2+ adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption process followed the Sips isothermal adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an adsorption capacity of 12 mg/g. Zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of Cu2+ onto HSC@ZnCl2, which primarily involved complexation, electrostatic attraction and surface precipitation. Funding from this work indicate that preparation of sulfur self-doped coal-based adsorbent prepared from high sulfur coal are a promising method for its large-scale utilization.
The principal component-based clinical aging clock (PCAge) identifies signatures of healthy aging and provides normative targets for clinical intervention
Authors: Gruber Jan , Fong Sheng , Pabis Kamil , Latumalea Djakim , Dugersuren Nomuundari , Unfried Maximilian , Tolwinski Nicholas , Kennedy Brian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Clinical healthy aging recommendations are disease-centric and reactive rather than focusing on holistic, organismal aging. In contrast, biological age (BA) estimation informs risk stratification by predicting all-cause mortality, however current BA clocks do not pinpoint aging mechanisms, making it difficult to intervene clinically. To generate actionable BA clocks, we developed and validated a principal component (PC)-based clinical aging clock (PCAge) that identifies signatures (PCs) associated with healthy and unhealthy aging trajectories. We observed that by intervening in PC-specific space, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) normalize several modifiable clinical parameters involved in renal and cardiac function, as well as inflammation. Proactive treatment with ACE-I/ARBs appeared to significantly reduce future mortality risk and prevented BA acceleration. Finally, we developed a reduced BA clock (PC_mAge), based directly on PCAge, which has equivalent predictive power but is optimized for immediate application in clinical practice. Our Geroscience approach points to mechanisms associated with BA providing targets for preventative medicine to modulate biological process(es) that drive the shift from healthy functioning toward aging and the eventual manifestations of age-related disease(s).
Comparison of two ultrasound contrast agents for left ventricular opacification
Authors: Alhumaid Waleed , Mannani Nojan , Choy Jonathan , Paterson D. Ian , Pituskin Edith , Becher Harald 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background Several ultrasound contrast agents have been approved and used for measurement of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). However, there has been no direct comparison between these agents.Purpose To compare left ventricular imaging parameters between two widely used ultrasound contrast agents for LV opacification when imaged with a low power contrast specific imaging modality.Methods In this retrospective study of patients undergoing echocardiography during anti-cancer treatment were included who underwent follow-up echocardiograms (3 months) with two different ultrasound contrast agents - Definity® and SonoVue® - if there were only minor changes in the LV ejection fraction (EF) between the studies (< 5%). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the contrast effect was performed in apical four- and two chamber views (4CV,2CV). For quantitative analysis of the LV opacification, square regions of interest (ROI) were placed in the apical and basal ventricular lumen and the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of pixel intensity within each ROI was recorded throughout the entire loop. Qualitative visual assessment was performed using a visual score to assess the endocardial border delineation, basal attenuation and apical swirling.Results 41 female patients with a mean EF of 61 ± 9% (mean ± standard deviation, SD) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Both contrast agents provided intensive LV opacification in the basal and apical cavities. The video intensities (mean + standard deviation) in the apical and basal cavities were comparable across both contrast agents in the 2CV apical ROI (219.96 ± 21.42 vs 224.69 ± 20.23), the 2CV basal ROI (114.55 ± 42.02 vs 112.79 ± 42.57), the 4CV apical ROI (228.02 ± 17.80 vs 225.51 ± 20.37), and the 4CV basal ROI (100.05, 41.11 vs 92.84, 42.54). Visual assessment revealed no statistical difference between the contrast agents in terms endocardial delineation.Conclusion In patients with normal LV function both ultrasound contrast agents, no clinically relevant differences were found regarding LV opacification and endocardial border delineation.
Effect of physical and chemical activation methods on the structure, optical absorbance, band gap and urbach energy of porous activated carbon
Authors: Shahcheragh S.K. , Bagheri-Mohagheghi M. M. , Shirpay A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, activated carbon was synthesized using the hard almond shell and palm kernel by physical activation with water vapor and chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) methods. Then, the structural and optical properties of the activated carbons were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The SEM images showed that in the raw sample of hard almond shell and palm kernel, there is no porosity and pores, but in the activated carbon samples, porosity and structural defects were clearly observed. The XRD patterns showed that porous and amorphous structure was formed in all samples synthesized with physical and chemical activation. The results of FTIR spectra of activated carbons showed that there are carbon functional groups in all samples. The optical absorption coefficient (α) of the activated carbon with physical and chemical activation methods was obtained in order of 105-106. The band gap measurement of porous nanostructures showed that the activated carbon synthesized with chemical and physical activation methods have energy gap (Eg) in region = 2.80 eV to 3.48 eV and urbach energy (EU) in region = 120 to 210 meV.
Iron rescues glucose-mediated photosynthesis repression during lipid accumulation in the green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis
Authors: Roth Melissa , Purvine Samuel , Nicora Carrie , McCombs Ryan , Upadhyaya Shivani , Stroumza Adrien , Whang Ken , Gallaher Sean , Dohnalkova Alice , Merchant Sabeeha , Lipton Mary , Niyogi Krishna , Jeffers Tim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Energy status and nutrients regulate photosynthetic protein expression. The unicellular green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis switches off photosynthesis in the presence of exogenous glucose (+Glc) in a process that depends on hexokinase (HXK1). Here, we show that this response requires that cells lack sufficient iron (−Fe). Cells grown in −Fe+Glc accumulate triacylglycerol (TAG) while losing photosynthesis and thylakoid membranes. However, cells with an iron supplement (+Fe+Glc) maintain photosynthesis and thylakoids while still accumulating TAG. Proteomic analysis shows that known photosynthetic proteins are most depleted in heterotrophy, alongside hundreds of uncharacterized, conserved proteins. Photosynthesis repression is associated with enzyme and transporter regulation that redirects iron resources to (a) respiratory instead of photosynthetic complexes and (b) a ferredoxin-dependent desaturase pathway supporting TAG accumulation rather than thylakoid lipid synthesis. Combining insights from diverse organisms from green algae to vascular plants, we show how iron and trophic constraints on metabolism aid gene discovery for photosynthesis and biofuel production.
The expression of the NPR1-dependent defense response pathway genes in Persea americana (Mill.) following infection with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Backer Robert , Naidoo Sanushka , Berg Noëlani 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A plant’s defense against pathogens involves an extensive set of phytohormone regulated defense signaling pathways. The salicylic acid (SA)-signaling pathway is one of the most well-studied in plant defense. The bulk of SA-related defense gene expression and the subsequent establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is dependent on the nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1). Therefore, understanding the NPR1 pathway and all its associations has the potential to provide valuable insights into defense against pathogens. The causal agent of Phytophthora root rot (PRR), Phytophthora cinnamomi, is of particular importance to the avocado (Persea americana) industry, which encounters considerable economic losses on account of this pathogen each year. Furthermore, P. cinnamomi is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, suggesting that the SA-signaling pathway plays an essential role in the initial defense response. Therefore, the NPR1 pathway which regulates downstream SA-induced gene expression would be instrumental in defense against P. cinnamomi. Thus, we identified 92 NPR1 pathway-associated orthologs from the P. americana West Indian pure accession genome and interrogated their expression following P. cinnamomi inoculation, using dual RNA-sequencing data. In total, 64 and 51 NPR1 pathway-associated genes were temporally regulated in the partially resistant (Dusa®) and susceptible (R0.12) P. americana rootstocks, respectively. Furthermore, 42 NPR1 pathway-associated genes were differentially regulated when comparing Dusa® to R0.12. Although this study suggests that SAR was established successfully in both rootstocks, the evidence presented indicated that Dusa® suppressed SA-signaling more effectively following the induction of SAR. Additionally, contrary to Dusa®, data from R0.12 suggested a substantial lack of SA- and NPR1-related defense gene expression during some of the earliest time-points following P. cinnamomi inoculation. This study represents the most comprehensive investigation of the SA-induced, NPR1-dependent pathway in P. americana to date. Lastly, this work provides novel insights into the likely mechanisms governing P. cinnamomi resistance in P. americana.
Performance Analysis of Optical CDMA System with Coded Modulation Scheme
Authors: Liu Maw-Yang , Wang Ting-Lin , Wu Sung-Ju , Lin Zi-Ming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For optimizing the performance of asynchronous optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system, the use of coded modulation scheme is explored in this paper. As the leading causes of the negative impacts on optical CDMA systems are beat noise (BN) and multiple access interference (MAI), relieving such deleterious impacts can successfully raise the system performance accordingly. For the sake of such adverse impacts, optical CDMA systems will encounter error floor effect; boosting optical power cannot overcome this problem. Alternatively, making use of error correction technique is an appreciative approach to restrain this problem. In the system that we have suggested, the double equal weight orthogonal (EWO)-based coded modulation of error correction mechanism is applied. The signature sequence is represented by carrier-hopping prime code for which it is possible to establish double EWO signaling scheme due to the orthogonality of carrier-hopping prime code. As our numerical results present, the performance of our system can be enhanced dramatically, which is a feasible manner to be a broadband optical access network.