bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining the role of nitrogen mineralization in mycorrhizal nutrient syndromes
Authors: Seyfried Georgia S. , Midgley Meghan G. , Phillips Richard P. , Yang Wendy H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractForest stands dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associated trees often have more closed nitrogen (N) cycling than stands dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associated trees, with slower N mineralization in ECM stands thought to suppress inorganic N cycling. However, most estimates of N mineralization come from measurements of net processes, which can lead to an incomplete view of ecosystem N retention and loss. To explore the mechanisms driving mycorrhizal N cycling syndromes, we measured gross N production and assimilation rates and net and potential N flux rates in paired N addition (from NH4SO4 and NaNO3) and control plots within ECM and AM-dominated stands. We observed greater gross N mineralization and microbial ammonium assimilation in ECM compared to AM stands, suggesting that increased microbial N demand drove lower net N mineralization rates in ECM stands. We found lower nitrification rates in ECM compared to AM stands and no effect of N addition on nitrification in ECM stands. Therefore, the low soil pH or high C:N ratios found in those stands, not limited ammonium supply, may have suppressed nitrification. Finally, potential denitrification rates and nitrous oxide fluxes were lower in ECM compared to AM stands with no effect of N addition, suggesting that denitrification is controlled by the endogenous supply of nitrate from nitrification, not exogenous nitrate inputs. Overall, we conclude that N mineralization may not play a central role in forming mycorrhizal nutrient syndromes, and that acidic conditions in ECM stands may ultimately control nitrification and the potential for ecosystem N loss.
The Relationship Between Working Alliance and Treatment Outcome in an Internet-Based Grief Therapy for People Bereaved by Suicide
Authors: Schmidt Viktoria , Treml Julia , Deller Julia , Kersting Anette 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Working alliance is an important component in the therapy process, however its’ role in bereavement interventions has rarely been studied. This study investigates the relationship between working alliance and treatment outcome, the change of working alliance throughout therapy and patient characteristics as predictors of working alliance.

Methods
Data from a randomized controlled trial including 44 participants was used. Patient characteristics were assessed at baseline and working alliance was assessed after two, four, six, eight and ten sessions. A linear mixed model, multiple linear regression and best subset regression were conducted.

Results
Working alliance changed significantly during therapy (β = 1.46, SE = 0.27, t(162) = 5.38, p < .001). Early working alliance predicted prolonged grief symptoms, when controlled for baseline scores of grief (β = − .27, p = .023). Moreover, self-efficacy (β = .47, p < .001) and need for social support (β = − .38, p = .010) predicted early working alliance.

Conclusions
This study shows the relevance of establishing early working alliance in the therapeutic process. Attention should be paid to the initial self-efficacy and need for social support of patients, as it influences the experience of working alliance. To address individual working alliance patterns and characteristics in therapy, further research is needed.
Some Unconventional Properties of New Keynesian DSGE Models
Authors: Heijdra Ben J. , van der Kwaak Christiaan G. F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine the theoretical and numerical properties of a prototypical New Keynesian DSGE model featuring endogenous capital accumulation and labour supply. We find that this completely conventional model yields implausible impact results following unanticipated and temporary shocks when the monetary closure rule is changed from a policy rule setting nominal interest rates (a Taylor Rule) to a fixed money supply rule. We compare and contrast a variety of New Keynesian models, featuring aggregate price stickiness, with their New Classical counterparts featuring perfectly flexible prices. In line with the literature we find that under a Taylor Rule the impulse-response functions following a technology shock are very similar. In contrast, with a fixed money supply the impact effects for the New Keynesian model are implausible. We demonstrate the robustness of this Implausible Result to alternative parameter values and show that it is ultimately caused by the inflexibility of the capital stock relative to that of the real money supply. We suggest several model extensions which will eliminate the Implausible Result from New Keynesian sticky-price models.
Integrating ADTs in KeY and their application to history-based reasoning about collection
Authors: Bian Jinting , Hiep Hans-Dieter A. , de Boer Frank S. , de Gouw Stijn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe discuss integrating abstract data types (ADTs) in the KeY theorem prover by a new approach to model data types using Isabelle/HOL as an interactive back-end, and represent Isabelle theorems as user-defined taclets in KeY. As a case study of this new approach, we reason about Java’s interface using histories, and we prove the correctness of several clients that operate on multiple objects, thereby significantly improving the state-of-the-art of history-based reasoning. Open Science. Includes video material (Bian and Hiep in FigShare, 2021. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5413263) and a source code artifact (Bian et al. in Zenodo, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7079126).
Traversable wormholes with double layer thin shells in quadratic gravity
Authors: Rosa João Luís , André Rui , Lemos José P. S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn quadratic gravity, the junction conditions are six in number and permit the appearance of double layer thin shells. Double layers arise typically in theories with dipoles, i.e., two opposite charges, such as electromagnetic theories, and appear exceptionally in gravitational theories, which are theories with a single charge. We explore this property of the existence of double layers in quadratic gravity to find and study traversable wormholes in which the two domains of the wormhole interior region, where the throat is located, are matched to two vacuum domains of the exterior region via the use of two double layer thin shells. The quadratic gravity we use is essentially given by a $$R+\alpha R^2$$

R
+
α

R
2

Lagrangian, where R is the Ricci scalar of the spacetime and $$\alpha $$
α
is a coupling constant, plus a matter Lagrangian. The null energy condition, or NEC for short, is tested for the whole wormhole spacetime. The analysis shows that the NEC is satisfied for the stress-energy tensor of the matter in the whole wormhole interior region, notably at the throat, and is satisfied for some of the stress–energy tensor components of the matter at the double layer thin shell, but is not satisfied for some other components, namely, the double layer stress–energy distribution component, at the thin shell. This seems to mean that the NEC is basically impossible, or at least very hard, to be satisfied when double layer thin shells are present. Single layer thin shells are also admitted within the theory, and we present thin shell traversable wormholes, i.e., wormholes without interior, with a single layer thin shell at the throat for which the corresponding stress–energy tensor satisfies the NEC, that are asymmetric, i.e., with two different vacuum domains of the exterior region joined at the wormhole throat.
Institutional Entrepreneurship in Loosely Coupled Systems: The Subject Position of MOOC Entrepreneurs and Their Interpretive Struggles in a Norwegian Context
Authors: Langseth Inger Dagrun , Jacobsen Dan Yngve , Haugsbakken Halvdan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile technological change in organizations is fast and eminent to most people, the adoption of Massive Open Online Courses, micro-credentials, and flexible and scalable online courses, appear to be comparatively slow in Higher Education in the Nordic countries. To explore this phenomenon, we completed 10 qualitative interviews at ten different higher education institutions across Norway in fall 2020. The informants were strategically selected among employees who had been involved in open platform technology, MOOC production and support for faculties. Adopting thematic analyses, we found entrepreneurs who positioned themselves in pockets of innovation with the intention to transform teaching and learning. Rather than seeing technological innovations as “more of the same”, the entrepreneurs embraced the possibilities emerging in new educational practices. Inspired by New Institutionalism, we focused on the organizational conditions for MOOC production. The entrepreneurs often entered interpretive struggles at higher organizational levels in competition with other stakeholders. Despite national initiatives and funding, many stakeholders questioned the value of MOOCs. Our study points to discrepancies in understanding the disruptive and transformative change that new technology can bring to study programs and lifelong learning. The informants also experienced insufficient support from leaders and lamented the lack of a national platform for open online access. We link these findings to embedded theories, belief systems and discourses in educational cultures and management in Higher Education.
Seeing Death with More Equanimity: The Indirect Effect of Generativity on Death Acceptance Through Ego-Integrity
Authors: Busch Holger 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn two studies with German adults aged 40 years or older, it was hypothesized that there is an indirect positive effect of generativity on death acceptance through ego-integrity: That is, generativity is positively associated with death acceptance in that it positively relates to ego-integrity, which positively relates to death acceptance. Study 1 (N = 312) confirms this hypothesis. Additional exploratory analyses, however, revealed that the indirect effect was not valid for younger participants. This difference could be attributed to a moderation effect of age on the relation between ego-integrity and death acceptance, which increased with age. Study 2 (N = 314) differentiates between neutral, approach, and escape acceptance. Again, analyses yielded the hypothesized indirect effect for neutral death acceptance. Moreover, there was a negative indirect effect for escape acceptance. For approach acceptance, no indirect effect emerged. Thus, although the overall results confirm an indirect positive effect of generativity on death acceptance through ego-integrity, which had previously been reported only for fear of death, the role of age in this context should further be examined.
Insights into the expanding intestinal phenotypic spectrum of SOCS1 haploinsufficiency and therapeutic options
Authors: Rodari Marco M. , Cazals-Hatem Dominique , Uzzan Mathieu , Martin Silva Nicolas , Khiat Anis , Ta Minh Chau , Lhermitte Ludovic , Touzart Aurore , Hanein Sylvain , Rouillon Cléa , Joly Francisca , Elmorjani Adrienne , Steffann Julie , Cerf-Bensussan Nadine , Parlato Marianna , Charbit-Henrion Fabienne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hyper activation of the JAK-STAT signaling underlies the pathophysiology of many human immune–mediated diseases. Herein, the study of 2 adult patients with SOCS1 haploinsufficiency illustrates the severe and pleomorphic consequences of its impaired regulation in the intestinal tract.

Methods
Two unrelated adult patients presented with gastrointestinal manifestations, one with Crohn’s disease-like ileo-colic inflammation refractory to anti-TNF and the other with lymphocytic leiomyositis causing severe chronic intestinal pseudo-occlusion. Next-generation sequencing was used to identify the underlying monogenic defect. One patient received anti-IL-12/IL-23 treatment while the other received the JAK1 inhibitor, ruxolitinib. Peripheral blood, intestinal tissues, and serum samples were analyzed before-and-after JAK1 inhibitor therapy using mass cytometry, histology, transcriptomic, and Olink assay.

Results
Novel germline loss-of-function variants in SOCS1 were identified in both patients. The patient with Crohn-like disease achieved clinical remission with anti-IL-12/IL-23 treatment. In the second patient with lymphocytic leiomyositis, ruxolitinib induced rapid resolution of the obstructive symptoms, significant decrease of the CD8+ T lymphocyte muscular infiltrate, and normalization of serum and intestinal cytokines. Decreased frequencies of circulating Treg cells, MAIT cells, and NK cells, with altered CD56bright:CD16lo:CD16hi NK subtype ratios were not modified by ruxolitinib.

Conclusion
SOCS1 haploinsufficiency can result in a broad spectrum of intestinal manifestations and need to be considered as differential diagnosis in cases of severe treatment-refractory enteropathies, including the rare condition of lymphocytic leiomyositis. This provides the rationale for genetic screening and considering JAK inhibitors in such cases.
Towards the Complete Classification of the Two Lines Inverse Limit
Authors: Gril Rogina Rene 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor positive numbers $$r<1$$

r
<
1

and $$\rho >1$$

ρ
>
1

, let $$L_{r,\rho }$$

L

r
,
ρ

be the union of two line segments in $$ [0,1] \times {[}0,1{]}$$

[
0
,
1
]
×
[
0
,
1
]

, one from (0, 0) to (1, r) and the other one from (0, 0) to $$(\frac{1}{\rho },1)$$

(

1
ρ

,
1
)

. In Banič et al.
(2022), it was proven for all such r and $$\rho $$
ρ
that, if r and $$\rho $$
ρ
never connect, then the Mahavier product of $$L_{r,\rho }$$

L

r
,
ρ

’s is homeomorphic to the Lelek fan. In this paper, we show that for all such r and $$\rho $$
ρ
, if r and $$\rho $$
ρ
do connect, the Mahavier product of $$L_{r,\rho }$$

L

r
,
ρ

’s is a fan F with top v with some additional properties. More precisely, it is the union of a countable family $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
of Cantor fans such that

for each $$C_1,C_2\in \mathcal {C}$$

C
1

,

C
2

∈
C

, if $$C_1\ne C_2$$

C
1

≠

C
2

, then $$C_1\cap C_2 = \{v\}$$

C
1

∩

C
2

=

{
v
}

and

the set of limit points of the set of end-points of F, forms in each arc from v to an end-point, a harmonic sequence.

This solves the open problem from Banič et al.
(2022).
Experimental Growth Conditions affect Direct and Indirect Defences in two Cotton Species
Authors: Chappuis Laura , Egger Alicia , Roeder Gregory , Glauser Gaétan , Jaffuel Geoffrey , Benrey Betty , Abdala-Roberts Luis , Clancy Mary V. , Turlings Ted C. J. , Bustos-Segura Carlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCotton has been used as a model plant to study direct and indirect plant defence against herbivorous insects. However, the plant growing conditions could have an important effect on the outcome of such plant defence studies. We examined how common experimental growth conditions influence constitutive and inducible defences in two species of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum and G. herbaceum. We induced plants by applying caterpillar regurgitant to mechanical wounds to compare the induction levels between plants of both species grown in greenhouse or phytotron conditions. For this we measured defence metabolites (gossypol and heliocides) and performance of Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars on different leaves, the emission of plant volatiles, and their attractiveness to parasitic wasps. Induction increased the levels of defence metabolites, which in turn decreased the performance of S. frugiperda larvae. Constitutive and induced defence levels were the highest in plants grown in the phytotron (compared to greenhouse plants), G. hirsutum and young leaves. Defence induction was more pronounced in plants grown in the phytotron and in young leaves. Also, the differences between growing conditions were more evident for metabolites in the youngest leaves, indicating an interaction with plant ontogeny. The composition of emitted volatiles was different between plants from the two growth conditions, with greenhouse-grown plants showing more variation than phytotron-grown plants. Also, G. hirsutum released higher amounts of volatiles and attracted more parasitic wasps than G. herbaceum. Overall, these results highlight the importance of experimental abiotic factors in plant defence induction and ontogeny of defences. We therefore suggest careful consideration in selecting the appropriate experimental growing conditions for studies on plant defences.
Determining the Impact of Lifestyle on the Health of Primary School Children in Slovenia Through Mixed Membership Focus Groups
Authors: Lekše Rebeka , Godec Dijana , Prosen Mirko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLifestyle choices made by children and adolescents can lead to a variety of health problems. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the state health-related lifestyles of primary school children’s and identify areas for improvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences and perspectives of those involved in educating current generations of primary school children about their lifestyle and the associated health implications of their behavior. Four focus groups were formed, comprising parents, primary school teachers, health professionals, and leisure activity teachers, with five participants in each group. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each group as part of the qualitative research paradigm of the study. The study revealed three central themes, emphasizing the need to promote health and educate children about healthy behaviors, environmental influences, and health literacy. Community nurses need to take a proactive role in promoting school health. Although adults, peers, and the environment exert a strong influence on children’s lifestyles, they often fail to live up to their responsibilities and allow harmful habits to form. To instill positive behaviors and an optimistic attitude towards a healthy lifestyle, all those involved in a child’s education need to collaborate. Health-related topics should be included or reinforced in primary school curricula, and parents and school staff should receive appropriate training.
RNA-seq profiling in leaf tissues of two soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars that show contrasting responses to drought stress during early developmental stages
Authors: Yang Xuefei , Kwon Hakyung , Kim Moon Young , Lee Suk-Ha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrought stress is the major environment constraint on soybean yield, and a variety of pathways underlie drought tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptomic profiling of two soybean cultivars, drought-tolerant SS2-2 and drought-sensitive Taekwang, was performed under normal and drought conditions to identify genes involved in drought tolerance. This revealed large differences in water loss during drought treatment. Genes involved in signaling, lipid metabolism, phosphorylation, and gene regulation were overrepresented among genes that were differentially expressed between cultivars and between treatments in each cultivar. The analysis revealed transcription factors from six families, including WRKYs and NACs, showed significant SS2-2-specific upregulation. Genes involved in stress defense pathways, including MAPK signaling, Ca2+ signaling, ROS scavenging, and NBS-LRR, were also identified. Expression of non-specific phospholipases, phospholipase D, and PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL MONOPHOSPHATE 5 KINASE (PIP5K), which act in the lipid-signaling pathway, was greatly increased in SS2-2. The roles of PIP5K in drought stress tolerance were confirmed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsispip5k mutants had significantly lower survival rates under drought stress than wild-type plants. This study identified additional elements in the mechanisms used by plants to protect themselves from drought stress and provides valuable information for the development of drought-tolerant soybean cultivars.
Inferring the fractional nature of Wu Baleanu trajectories
Authors: Conejero J. Alberto , Garibo-i-Orts Òscar , Lizama Carlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe infer the parameters of fractional discrete Wu Baleanu time series by using machine learning architectures based on recurrent neural networks. Our results shed light on how clearly one can determine that a given trajectory comes from a specific fractional discrete dynamical system by estimating the fractional exponent and the growth parameter $$\mu $$
μ
. With this example, we also show how machine learning methods can be incorporated into the study of fractional dynamical systems.
Small Business Property Tax Reductions and Firm Productivity
Authors: Matikonis Karolis , Gobey Matthew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigate the productivity spillovers from the UK government’s decision to use extensive property tax reductions as a key instrument to stimulate innovation in smaller businesses and drive local growth. To capture the complex interaction and clustering of hierarchical effects, we apply non-parametric Random Effects Expectation Maximisation algorithm that complements more standard econometric estimators, namely matching to control for endogeneity and control functions to estimate total factor productivity. These approaches enabled us to incorporate various contextual configurations in comparing the recipients of these reductions to non-recipients with regard to productivity, in which the UK has experienced a considerably worse performance than its peers since the great recession. Contrary to policy assumptions and business community expectations, we show that generic tax reductions, when significant, are mostly associated with lower productivity and thus have been unsuitably chosen as a policy mechanism to stimulate productivity growth. We further show how instruments that are not built for causality could be beneficial for policy evaluation.
Instruments for the Legal Protection of Digitized Cultural Heritage in Colombia
Authors: Peña Karen Isabel Cabrera , Jaramillo Yamile Andrea Montenegro , Peña Angie Marcela Cabrera 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConsidering that culture is the product of creative and human processes, it is believed that intellectual property is a legal tool that allows for its protection given that it helps conserve, safeguard and preserve its tangible and/or intangible assets. In the case of digital heritage, which is made up of digital elements that should be preserved due to their cultural value, some challenges have arisen regarding their legal protection. One of these challenges is the lack of clarity about how the elements that comprise it should be protected, giving rise to doubts about how intellectual property should help solve this conflict. This article presents the discussion regarding the protection of digital heritage in Colombia, how copyright is becoming an instrument that contributes to its legal protection, and the challenges to further develop it in the country.