bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditing the quality of epidemic decision-making in Somalia: a pilot evaluation
Authors: Warsame Abdihamid , Ore Abdikadir , Azad Abdullah , Hassan Farhan , Blanchet Karl , Palmer Jennifer , Checchi Francesco 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo assess decision-making quality through piloting an audit tool among decision-makers responding to the COVID-19 epidemic in Somalia.Design and settingWe utilised a mixed-methods programme evaluation design comprising quantitative and qualitative methods. Decision-makers in Somalia piloted the audit tool generating a scorecard for decision-making in epidemic response. They also participated in key informant interviews discussing their experience with the audit process and results.ParticipantsA total of 18 decision-makers from two humanitarian agencies responding to COVID-19 in Somalia were recruited to pilot the audit tool.Outcome measures and analysisWe used thematic analysis to assess the feasibility and perceived utility of the audit tool by intended users (decision-makers). We also calculated Fleiss’ Kappa to assess inter-rater agreement in the audit scorecard.ResultsThe audit highlighted areas of improvement in decision-making among both organisations including in the dimensions of accountability and transparency. Despite the audit occurring in a highly complex operating environment, decision-makers found the process to be feasible and of high utility. The flexibility of the audit approach allowed for organisations to adapt the audit to their needs. As a result, organisation reported a high level of acceptance of the findings.ConclusionStrengthening decision-making processes is key to realising the objectives of epidemic response. This pilot evaluation contributes towards this goal by the testing what, to our knowledge, may be the first tool designed specifically to assess quality of decision-making processes in epidemic response. The tool has proven feasible and acceptable in assessing decision-making quality in an ongoing response and has potential applicability in assessing decision-making in broader humanitarian response.
Tumor CEMIP drives immune evasion of colorectal cancer via MHC-I internalization and degradation
Authors: Zhang Biying , Li Jiao , Hua Qingling , Wang Haihong , Xu Guojie , Chen Jiayuan , Zhu Ying , Li Ruiqi , Liang Qing , Wang Lanqing , Jin Min , Tang Jing , Lin Zhenyu , Zhao Lei , Zhang Dejun , Yu Dandan , Ren Jinghua , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundLoss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in tumor cells limits the use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of MHC-I downregulation in tumor cells has not been fully elucidated. Overexpression of CEMIP in tumor tissues is associated with a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Here, in this research, we aim to address the role of CEMIP in mediating MHC-I expression in tumor cells and investigate the underlying regulatory mechanisms.MethodProtein levels were analyzed by western blotting. Flow cytometry analysis was used to examine immune cells. Protein–protein interactions were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. The intracellular trafficking of MHC-I was revealed by an immunofluorescent technique. In addition, the effect of CEMIP on tumor growth and the antitumor efficacy of targeting CEMIP in combination with ICB therapy were evaluated in murine models of colorectal cancer.ResultsWe reported that CEMIP specifically downregulated the expression of MHC-I on the surface of murine and human colon cancer cells, hindering the cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells. We also demonstrated that CEMIP restricted CD8+T-cell antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo due to impaired MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation. Correspondingly, the combination of CEMIP inhibition and ICB impeded tumor growth and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Mechanistically, CEMIP acted as an adaptor for the interaction betweenMHC-I and clathrin, which drove MHC-I internalization via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Furthermore, CEMIP anchored internalized MHC-I to lysosomes for degradation, disrupting the recycling of MHC-I to the cell surface.ConclusionOverall, our study unveils a novel regulatory mechanism of MHC-I on tumor cell surfaces by CEMIP-mediated internalization and degradation. Furthermore, targeting CEMIP provides an effective strategy for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.
Tailored antiplatelet therapy in stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms: a nationwide registry study
Authors: Koh Jun Seok , Hwang Gyojun , Park Jung Cheol , Lee Chang-Young , Chung Joonho , Lee Sang-Weon , Kwon Hyon-Jo , Kim Seong-Rim , Kang Dong-Hun , Kwon Soon Chan , Kim Sung-Tae , Chang Chul Hoon , Jang Dong-Kyu , Choi Jae Hyung , Kim Young Woo , Kim Bum-Tae , Shin Byoung Gook , You Seung Hoon , Chung Seung Young , Ko Junkyeung , Kim Tae Gon , Yoon Seok-Mann , Lee Jong Young , Park Hyun , Park Jung Hyun , Cho Jae-Hoon , Koo Hae-Won , Sung Jae Hoon , Rhee Jinnie , Shin Ho Gyun 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAntiplatelet therapy, where regimens are tailored based on platelet function testing, has been introduced into neurointerventional surgery. This nationwide registry study evaluated the effect and safety of tailored antiplatelet therapy in stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms compared with conventional therapy using a standard regimen.MethodsThis study enrolled 1686 patients in 44 participating centers who received stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. The standard regimen (aspirin and clopidogrel) was used for all patients in the conventional group (924, 19 centers). The regimen was selected based on platelet function testing (standard regimen for clopidogrel responders; adding cilostazol or replacing clopidogrel with other thienopyridines (ticlopidine, prasugrel, or ticagrelor) for clopidogrel non-responders) in the tailored group (762, 25 centers). The primary outcome was thromboembolic events. Secondary outcomes were bleeding and poor outcomes (increase in modified Rankin Scale score). Outcomes within 30 days after coiling were compared using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe thromboembolic event rate was lower in the tailored group than in the conventional group (30/762 (3.9%) vs 63/924 (6.8%), adjusted OR 0.560, 95% CI 0.359 to 0.875, P=0.001). The bleeding event rate was not different between the study groups (62/762 (8.1%) vs 73/924 (7.9%), adjusted OR 0.790, 95% CI 0.469 to 1.331, P=0.376). Poor outcomes were less frequent in the tailored group (12/762 (1.6%) vs 34 (3.7%), adjusted OR 0.252, 95% CI 0.112 to 0.568, P=0.001).ConclusionTailored antiplatelet therapy in stent assisted coiling for unruptured aneurysms reduced thromboembolic events and poor outcomes without increasing bleeding.
Randomised experiment for the effect of ‘Tobacco-Free Nicotine’ messaging on current e-cigarette users’ perceptions, preferences and intentions
Authors: Ratnapradipa Kendra , Samson Kaeli , Dai Hongying Daisy 
Published: January 2023

Background
It is unclear whether emerging synthetic tobacco-free nicotine superiority messages such as ‘better flavor and better experience’ and ‘no residual impurities of tobacco-derived nicotine’ may impact consumer perception and product choice between synthetic and tobacco-derived nicotine vaping products.

Methods
Through a 2022 online survey of current e-cigarette users, we identified synthetic nicotine never users for randomisation into an embedded between-subjects experiment. The test group (n=186) viewed a tobacco-free nicotine message versus no message control (n=168). Multivariable regressions assessed messaging effects on three comparative measures between tobacco-free and tobacco-derived nicotine: harm perception, purchase intention and willingness to pay.

Results
Participants (n=354; age, mean (SD)=34.6 (11.1) years old) were recruited from geographically diverse regions with 27.7% rural residents. The overall sample comprised 44.1% females, 73.5% non-Hispanic white and 71.8% daily e-cigarette users. Sociodemographics and tobacco use status were not significantly different between two randomised groups. The test group (vs control) reported a higher intention to use tobacco-free than tobacco-derived nicotine vaping products (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.4, p=0.006) and willingness to pay more for tobacco-free nicotine vaping products (AOR=2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.8, p=0.02). Urban (vs rural) synthetic-naïve vapers had lower harm perception (AOR=2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6, p=0.02) and higher intention to use tobacco-free than tobacco-derived nicotine vaping products (AOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5, p=0.04); infrequent vapers were more willing to pay more for tobacco-free nicotine vaping products (AOR=1.1, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.17, p=0.002).

Conclusion
Tobacco-free nicotine marketing message may prompt the transition to and promote a price premium for such products. With the proliferation of products in the market, comprehensive regulation of emerging synthetic vaping products is needed.
Breastfeeding in Canada: predictors of initiation, exclusivity, and continuation from the 2017–2018 Canadian Community Health Survey
Authors: Chan Kathleen , Labonté Jocelyne M. , Francis Jane , Zora Haley , Sawchuk Sandra , Whitfield Kyly C. 
Published: January 2023

Human milk is the ideal source of nutrition for infants; however, adherence to breastfeeding recommendations is suboptimal and availability of Canadian breastfeeding data are limited. Using the 2017–2018 Canadian Community Health Survey Public Use Microdata File (Maternal Experiences Module, n = 5558, weighted n = 1 669 462) we computed breastfeeding indicators and explored sociodemographic, health, and geographical predictors of breastfeeding with univariate logistic regression models. Nationally, of all participants who gave birth in the preceding 5 years, 91% initiated breastfeeding, 43% exclusively breastfed to ≥5 months and 35% to ≥6 months, 56% reported any breastfeeding at ≥6 months, and 31% reported breastfeeding at ≥12 months. Breastfeeding cessation was most commonly attributed to insufficient milk supply (25%), but reasons differed significantly by breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity for ≥5 months, and extended breastfeeding ≥12 months all differed by geographic region, and by most sociodemographic and health characteristics. Positive breastfeeding outcomes were highest in British Columbia, and lowest in Quebec and the Atlantic region, and generally higher if caregivers had recently immigrated to Canada, were married, were >30 years of age, were not White, were nonsmoking, had completed postsecondary education, and had an annual household income >$40 000. These disparities indicate the need for tailored, equitable approaches to breastfeeding support, and continued regional monitoring of breastfeeding outcomes.
Lower Bounds for Semialgebraic Range Searching and Stabbing Problems
Authors: Afshani Peyman , Cheng Pingan 
Published: January 2023

In the semialgebraic range searching problem, we are given a set of
n
points in ℝ

d

, and we want to preprocess the points such that for any query range belonging to a family of constant complexity semialgebraic sets (Tarski cells), all the points intersecting the range can be reported or counted efficiently. When the ranges are composed of simplices, the problem is well-understood: It can be solved using
S(n)
space and with
Q(n)
query time with

\(S(n)Q(n)^d = \tilde{O}(n^d),\)

where the

\(\tilde{O}(\cdot)\)

notation hides polylogarithmic factors and this trade-off is tight (up to
n

o
(1)

factors). In particular, there exist “low space” structures that use
O(n)
space with
O
(
n

1-1/
d
}

) query time [
8
,
25
] and “fast query” structures that use
O
(
n

d

) space with
O
(log
n
) query time [
9
]. However, for general semialgebraic ranges, only “low space” solutions are known, but the best solutions [
7
] match the same trade-off curve as simplex queries, with
O
(
n
) space and

\(\tilde{O}(n^{1-1/d})\)

query time. It has been conjectured that the same could be done for the “fast query” case, but this open problem has stayed unresolved.

Here, we disprove this conjecture. We give the first nontrivial lower bounds for semialgebraic range searching and other related problems. More precisely, we show that any data structure for reporting the points between two concentric circles, a problem that we call 2D annulus reporting, with
Q
(
n
) query time must use

\(S(n)=\overset{\scriptscriptstyle o}{\Omega }(n^3/Q(n)^5)\)

space, where the

\(\overset{\scriptscriptstyle o}{\Omega }(\cdot)\)

notation hides

\(n^{o(1)}\)

factors, meaning, for

\(Q(n)=\log ^{O(1)}n\)

,

\(\overset{\scriptscriptstyle o}{\Omega }(n^3)\)

space must be used. In addition, we study the problem of reporting the subset of input points in a polynomial slab defined by

\(\lbrace (x,y)\in \mathbb {R}^2:P(x)\le y\le P(x)+w\rbrace\)

, where

\(P(x)=\sum _{i=0}^\Delta a_i x^i\)

is a univariate polynomial of degree Δ and

\(a_0, \ldots , a_\Delta , w\)

are given at the query time, a problem that we call polynomial slab reporting. For this, we show a space lower bound of

\(\overset{\scriptscriptstyle o}{\Omega }(n^{\Delta +1}/Q(n)^{(\Delta +3)\Delta /2})\)

, which implies that for

\(Q(n)=\log ^{O(1)}n\)

, we must use

\(\overset{\scriptscriptstyle o}{\Omega }(n^{\Delta +1})\)

space. We also consider the dual semialgebraic stabbing problems of semialgebraic range searching and present lower bounds for them. In particular, we show that in linear space, any data structure that solves 2D annulus stabbing problems must use

\(\Omega (n^{2/3})\)

query time. Note that this almost matches the upper bound obtained by lifting 2D annuli to 3D. Like semialgebraic range searching, we also present lower bounds for general polynomial slab stabbing problems. Again, our lower bounds are almost tight for linear size data structures in this case.
Explainable Abuse Detection as Intent Classification and Slot Filling
Authors: Calabrese Agostina , Ross Björn , Lapata Mirella 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To proactively offer social media users a safe online experience, there is a need for systems that can detect harmful posts and promptly alert platform moderators. In order to guarantee the enforcement of a consistent policy, moderators are provided with detailed guidelines. In contrast, most state-of-the-art models learn what abuse is from labeled examples and as a result base their predictions on spurious cues, such as the presence of group identifiers, which can be unreliable. In this work we introduce the concept of policy-aware abuse detection, abandoning the unrealistic expectation that systems can reliably learn which phenomena constitute abuse from inspecting the data alone. We propose a machine-friendly representation of the policy that moderators wish to enforce, by breaking it down into a collection of intents and slots. We collect and annotate a dataset of 3,535 English posts with such slots, and show how architectures for intent classification and slot filling can be used for abuse detection, while providing a rationale for model decisions.1
Children’s Rights, The Optional Protocol and Child Sexual Abuse Material in the Digital Age
Authors: Maxwell Francis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Around the time of the drafting of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, few could have predicted the monumental impact of camera, phone, computer and social media technologies on people’s lives. While these technologies have aided the realisation of many children’s rights, evidence suggests that child sexual abuse material (csam) is more available and in larger quantities than it has ever been in human history. New technologies have made major contributions to this horrifying development. Are the terms of the Optional Protocol able to meet this urgent and rising problem in a way that best ensures children’s rights? Does it ensure that the international community combats this problem without encroaching on the opportunities that digital technologies offer to children today? This article explores both of these questions with reference to the Optional Protocol’s terms, as well as the recent guidelines and General Comment No. 25 issued by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. It concludes that the Optional Protocol is deficient in prioritising law enforcement responses to csam and failing to ensure prevention initiatives receive adequate attention and resources. Moreover, it finds that the few prevention initiatives for which it does provide are in tension with other aims of the children’s rights project. It argues that the Committee needs to alter its approach in engaging with the reports of States parties so that there can be greater prioritisation of child-centric prevention initiatives.
The Role of Sleep Effort as a Mediator Between Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Borges Cristina , Ellis Jason G. , Ruivo Marques Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Depression, anxiety, and insomnia are all conditions that share a complex bidirectional relationship. Sleep effort is a construct with cognitive and behavioral components that perpetuates insomnia. Although many studies have examined the associations between these three variables, no studies have yet examined sleep effort as a mediating variable between anxiety and depression and vice versa. Online versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale were administered to a sample of 1927 higher education students aged 18–40 years (75.9% women and 76% from 18 to 23 years old). As part of the survey, participants also completed a sociodemographic questionnaire. Mediation analysis indicated that sleep effort mediates the relationship between depression and anxiety, when the former was the predictor and the latter was the criterion. Moreover, sleep effort also mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression when the former was the predictor and the latter was the criterion, albeit in a lesser extent. Sleep effort appears to play a bidirectional mediational role between depression and anxiety, being a potential target for intervention.
Optimizing Reversal of Muscle Relaxation with Sugammadex to Accelerate Discharge Readiness in Operative Laryngoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ellison Pavithra R , Statler Alec , Dragan Kristen , Shepherd Jason , Chesney Jason Mc , Chung Jeffson , Fancy Tanya , Ritchie Kyle M , Moore Lucas , Ellison Matthew B 
Published: January 2023

Importance: Operative laryngoscopy is a commonly performed ambulatory procedure in patients with significant co-morbidity. Optimal anesthetics for surgical exposure with rapid return to baseline after the procedure enhances postoperative patient safety. Objective To determine whether sugammadex hastens recovery in patients undergoing operative laryngoscopy under general anesthesia with rocuronium-induced paralysis. Design Prospective clinical intervention randomized single-blinded, single-center study in an academic tertiary care center. Approved by the institutional review board and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Settings Single center tertiary care academic institution. Participants 18 years or older, American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I–III with ability to give written informed consent undergoing operative laryngoscopy. Intervention Participants were randomized into two groups. Both groups received inhaled anesthetic: sevoflurane, remifentanil, and rocuronium at 0.6–1.2 mg/kg for intubation and anti-nausea prophylaxis. Group 1 received reversal with neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg) and glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg). Group 2 received reversal with sugammadex (4 mg/kg). Vital signs were maintained at 20% of baseline in both groups. Post anesthesia care unit nurses were blinded to the reversal agent and were the evaluators of the discharge criteria and times. Primary end point was time to extubation after the procedures and secondary end points were: Subjective interpretation of surgical conditions by the surgeon, hemodynamic, respiratory parameters, anesthetics, and opioids used, operative time, and duration to achieve discharge readiness. Results A total of eighty-four participants, who were similar in age, sex, and weight in both groups. The primary end point and secondary end points were similar except time to meet discharge criteria in the two groups. 65% in the sugammadex versus 35% in the neostigmine group met Aldrete criteria of 18 or higher on arrival at the post anesthesia care unit. Conclusions Optimizing the anesthetic regimen, along with stable intraoperative hemodynamics and reversal with sugammadex improves discharge readiness in patients undergoing operative laryngoscopy.
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status in Hypopharyngeal Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery-Oriented Comprehensive Treatment
Authors: Ding Teng , Li Wanxin , Liu Yuhe , Liu Liangfa , Dong Yanbo 
Published: January 2023

Objectives The preoperative controlling nutritional status (pCONUT) score has been shown correlated with the prognosis of some cancerous diseases; however, little is known about the effect of pCONUT score on hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). Therefore, the objective of our study was to demonstrate the relationship between the pCONUT score and the clinical outcome of patients with HPC. Patients and Methods Ninety-four patients with HPC who underwent surgery between May 2012 and Dec 2020 were enrolled in this study. We evaluated retrospectively their pCONUT scores and calculated the cutoff value regarding the patients’ overall survival using the X-tile software. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to determine how the pCONUT score affected overall survival. Results A cutoff level of 4 was determined to be optimal for the pCONUT score, by which the patients were grouped into high pCONUT score (≥4, n = 22, 23.4%) or low pCONUT score (<4, n = 72, 76.6%) groups. The univariate analysis showed that high pCONUT scores correlated with reduced overall survival (hazard ratio: 2.925, 95% confidence interval: 1.526-5.607, P = .001). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis also showed that high pCONUT scores increased the risk of overall death (hazard ratio: 2.639, 95% confidence interval: 1.365-5.101, P = .004). Conclusions The pCONUT score is considered a useful prognostic factor in patients with HPC.