bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxol acts differently on different tubulin isotypes
Authors: Chew Yean Ming , Cross Robert A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTaxol is a critically important cancer drug that stabilises microtubules. We report that taxol acts differently on different metazoan tubulin isotypes. 50 nM taxol blocks catastrophe of human or zebrafish α1β4 but has no effect on human α1β3 microtubules. 500 nM taxol blocks catastrophe in both α1β3 and α1β4 microtubules but introduces kinks only into α1β4 microtubules. Taxol washout relaxes the kinks, suggesting taxol expands α1β4 but not α1β3 lattices. Kinesin-driven microtubule gliding detects this conformational shift - α1β4 microtubules glide at ~450 nm/sec in 400 nM taxol, but at ~750 nm/sec in 10 μM taxol, whereas α1β3 microtubules glide at ~450 nm/sec, even in 10 μM taxol. Thus, taxol readily stabilises α1β4 GDP-tubulin lattices and shifts them to a fastgliding conformation, but stabilises α1β3 lattices much less readily and without shifting their conformation. These isotype-specific actions of taxol may drive the switch to β3 tubulin commonly seen in taxol-resistant tumours.
Several cell-intrinsic effectors drive type I interferon-mediated restriction of HIV-1 in primary CD4+T cells
Authors: Itell Hannah L. , Humes Daryl , Overbaugh Julie 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYType I interferon (IFN) upregulates proteins that inhibit HIV within infected cells. Prior studies have identified IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that impede lab-adapted HIV in cell lines, yet the ISG(s) that mediate IFN restriction in HIV target cells, primary CD4+T cells, are unknown. Here, we interrogate ISG restriction of primary HIV in CD4+T cells. We performed CRISPR-knockout screens using a custom library that specifically targets ISGs expressed in CD4+T cells and validated top hits. Our investigation identified new HIV-restricting ISGs (HM13, IGFBP2, LAP3) and found that two previously studied factors (IFI16, UBE2L6) are IFN effectors in T cells. Inactivation of these five ISGs in combination further diminished IFN’s protective effect against six diverse HIV strains. This work demonstrates that IFN restriction of HIV is multifaceted, resulting from several effectors functioning collectively, and establishes a primary cell ISG screening model to identify both single and combinations of HIV-restricting ISGs.
THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS IS INVOLVED IN SOCIAL RECOGNITION MEMORY IN RATS
Authors: Vielle Cassandre , Maurice Nicolas , Pelletier Florence , Pecchi Emilie , Baunez Christelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman social behavior is a complex construct requiring a wide range of cognitive abilities and is critically impaired in numerous neuropsychiatric diseases. Living in complex social groups, rodents offer suitable models to elucidate neural processing of social cognition. Recently, a potential involvement of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in rats’ social behavior has been pointed out. For example, we showed that STN lesions abolish the modulatory effect of the familiarity on the rewarding value of social stimuli, questioning the involvement of STN in peer recognition. In this study, we thus assess the effects of STN lesions and optogenetic manipulations on peer and object recognition. STN optogenetic inhibition, like lesions, impair social recognition memory, while STN optogenetic high-frequency (HF) stimulation leads to a specific alteration of social encoding memory. None of these manipulations seem to interfere with social investigation, objects recognition memory, nor social novelty preference. Finally, STN optogenetic inhibition, but neither HF-stimulation, nor lesions, leads to an alteration of the cage-mate recognition memory. Overall, these results show that physiological activity of STN is necessary for rats to show a proper social recognition memory performance and question the possible detrimental effects of STN deep brain stimulation on these processes in human patients.
Structure-dependent spontaneous calcium dynamics in cultured neuronal networks on microcontact-printed substrates
Authors: Chen Zhe , Sun Tao , Wei Zihou , Chen Xie , Wang Huaping , Huang Qiang , Shimoda Shingo , Fukuda Toshio , Shi Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrocontact printing (μCP) is widely used in neuroscience research. However,μCP yields reduced cell-substrate adhesion compared with directly coating cell adhesion molecules. Here, we demonstrate that the reduced cell-substrate adhesion caused byμCP, high seeding density, and the local restriction would separately contribute to more aggregated (neurons closer to each other in separate clusters) neuronal networks. Calcium recordings revealed that more aggregated networks presented fewer spontaneous calcium activity patterns, and were more likely dominated by synchronized network-wide calcium oscillation (network bursts). First, on a uniform microcontact-printed substrate, densely seeded neurons were reaggregated into a Petri dish-wide network consisting of small clusters, of which the calcium dynamics were dominated by network bursts. Next, further analysis revealed this dominance was maintained since its appearance, and the initiation and propagation of bursts in the small-cluster network shared a similar mechanism with that of homogeneous networks. Then, sparsely seeded neurons formed several networks with different aggregation degrees, in which the less clustered ones presented abundant time-varying subnetwork burst patterns. Finally, by printing locally restricted patterns, highly clustered networks formed, where dominant network bursts reappeared. These findings demonstrate the existence of structure-dependent spontaneous calcium dynamics in cultured networks on microcontact-printed substrates, which provide important insights into designing cultured networks by usingμCP, and into deciphering the onset and evolution of network bursts in developmental nerve systems.
Thermal fluctuations independently modulate physiological plasticity and the dynamics of the gut microbiome in a tropical rocky shore oyster
Authors: Arromrak Bovern Suchart , Chun Wong Adrian Tsz , Hui Tin Yan , Leung Kin Sum , Williams Gray A. , Ganmanee Monthon , Durand Thierry , Yung Lee Jetty Chung , Gaitan-Espitia Juan D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtreme high thermal conditions on tropical rocky shores are challenging to the survival of intertidal ectotherms. Yet, many species are highly successful in these environments in part due to their ability to regulate intrinsic mechanisms associated with physiological stress and their metabolic demand. More recently, there has been a growing awareness that other extrinsic mechanisms, such as animal-associated microbial communities, can also influence the tolerance and survival of ectotherms under stressful conditions. However, the extent to which the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are functionally linked as part of the overall adaptive response of intertidal animals to temperature change and stress is poorly understood. Here, we examined the dynamics and potential interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms in the tropical high-supratidal oyster,Isognomon nucleus. We found that oysters modulate their internal biochemistry (oxidized PUFA products, including 5-F2t-IsoP, 10-F4t-NeuroP, 13-F4t-NeuroP, and 16-F1t-PhytoP) as part of their adaptive regulation to cope with physiological stress during periods of extreme high temperatures when emersed. However, while we detected variation in alpha diversity (ASV richness and Shannon diversity index), dominant microbial taxa and microbial functions across time, no association was found with the host biochemical profiles. The findings here suggest that the thermal condition within oysters can independently influence their intrinsic biochemical responses and extrinsic microbiome profiles. Together, these mechanisms may contribute to the thermal tolerance and survival of the oysters in the challenging conditions of the tropical high-supratidal zone.
Gut microbes predominantly act as symbiotic partners rather than raw nutrients
Authors: Soares Nuno Felipe da Silva , Quagliariello Andrea , Yigitturk Seren , Martino Maria Elena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnimals and their gut microbes mutually benefit their health. In this frame, nutrition has a central role by directly affecting both host and microbes’ fitness and their effects. This makes nutritional symbioses a complex and dynamic tri-system of diet-microbiota-host. Despite recent discoveries on this field, full control over the interplay among these partners is challenging and hinders the resolution of fundamental questions, such as how to parse the gut microbes’ effect as raw nutrition or as symbiotic partners? To tackle this, we made use of the well-characterizedDrosophila melanogaster/Lactiplantibacillus plantarumexperimental model of nutritional symbiosis to generate a quantitative framework of gut microbes’ effect on the host. We show that the beneficial effect ofL. plantarumstrains primarily results from the active relationship as symbionts rather than raw nutrients, regardless of the bacterial strain. Metabolomic analysis of both active and inactive bacterial cells further demonstrated the crucial role of the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites, such as N-acetylated-amino-acids, as result of active bacterial growth and function. Altogether, our results provide a ranking and quantification of the main bacterial features contributing to sustain animal growth. We demonstrate that viability is the predominant and necessary variable involved in bacteria-mediated benefit, followed by strain-specific properties and the nutritional potential of the bacterial cells as direct energy source. This contributes to elucidate the role of beneficial bacteria and probiotics, creating a broad quantitative framework for host-gut microbiome that can be expanded to other model systems.
Spanve: A Statistical Method for Detecting Downstream-Friendly Spatially Variable Genes in Large-Scale Spatial Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Cai Guoxin , Chen Yichang , Chen Shuqing , Gu Xun , Zhou Zhan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDepicting gene expression in a spatial context through spatial transcriptomics would be beneficial for inferring cell function mechanisms. The identification of spatially variable genes is a crucial step in leveraging the spatial transcriptome to understand intricate spatial dynamics. In this study, we developed Spanve, a nonparametric statistical method for detecting spatially variable genes in large-scale ST data by quantifying expression differences between spots and their spatial neighbours. This method offers a nonparametric approach to identifying spatial dependencies in gene expression without assuming specific distributions. Compared to traditional methods, Spanve decreases the number of false-positive outcomes, leading to more accurate identification of spatially variable genes. Furthermore, Spanve could facilitate downstream spatial transcriptomics analyses, including spatial domain detection and cell type deconvolution. These results show the broad applications of Spanve in advancing our understanding of spatial gene expression patterns within complex tissue microenvironments.Graphical abstract
Ethical governance model for the data economy ecosystems
Authors: Koskinen Jani , Knaapi-Junnila Sari , Helin Ari , Rantanen Minna Marjaana , Hyrynsalmi Sami 
Published: February 2023

PurposeData economy is a recent phenomenon, raised by digital transformation and platformisation, which has enabled the concentration of data that can be used in economic purposes. However, there is a lack of clear procedures and ethical rules on how data economy ecosystems are governed. As a response to the current situation, there has been criticism and demands for the governance of data use to prevent unethical consequences that have already manifested. Thus, ethical governance of the data economy ecosystems is needed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new ethical governance model for data economy ecosystems. The proposed model offers a more balanced solution for the current situation where a few global large-scale enterprises dominate the data market and may use oligopolistic power over other stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual article that covers theory-based discourse ethical reflection of data economy ecosystems governance. The study is based on the premise of the discourse ethics where inclusion of all stakeholders is needed for creating a transparent and ethical data economy.FindingsThis article offers self-regulation tool for data economy ecosystems by discourse ethical approach which is designed in the governance model. The model aims to balance data “markets” by offering more transparent, democratic and equal system than currently.Originality/valueBy offering a new ethically justified governance model, we may create a trust structure where rules are visible and all stakeholders are treated fairly.
Managing future urbanization growth patterns using genetic algorithm modeling
Authors: Al-Hadidi Sajeda , Sweis Ghaleb , Abu-Khader Waleed , Abu-Rumman Ghaida , Sweis Rateb 
Published: February 2023

PurposeDespite the enormous need to succeed in the urban model, scientists and policymakers should work consistently to create blueprints to regulate urbanization. The absence of coordination between the crucial requirements and the regional strategies of the local authorities leads to a lack of conformance in urban development. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis study intends to manage future urban growth patterns using integrated methods and then employ the results in the genetic algorithm (GA) model to considerably improve growth behavior. Multi-temporal land-use datasets have been derived from remotely sensed images for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Urban growth patterns and processes were then analyzed with land-use-and-land-cover dynamics. Results were examined for simulation and utilization of the GA.FindingsModel parameters were derived and evaluated, and a preliminary assessment of the effective coefficient in the formation of urbanization is analyzed, showing the city's urbanization pattern has followed along with the transportation infrastructure and outward growth, and the scattering rates are high, with an increase of 5.64% in building area associated with a decrease in agricultural lands and rangelands.Originality/valueThe research achieved a considerable improvement over the growth behavior. The conducted research design was the first of its type in that field to be executed to any specific growth pattern parameters in terms of regulating and policymaking. The method has integrated various artificial intelligence models to monitor, measure and optimize the projected growth by applying this design. Other research on the area was limited to projecting the future of Amman as it is an urbanized distressed city.
How do young employees perceive stress and job engagement while working from home? Evidence from a telecom operator during COVID-19
Authors: Olsen Karen Modesta , Hildrum Jarle , Kummen Kamilla , Leirdal Caroline 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe study examines the extent to which job demands and resources are related to job stress and engagement among young employees exposed to remote work. The study draws on the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, adapted to working from home during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data from a survey among young employees (35 years and younger) in a large, telecommunications company in Norway (N = 303), conducted in May 2021. Linear regression analysis was employed.FindingsThe results show that the difficulty of work tasks is positively related to stress while time spent working from home, managing work–life balance and receiving support from leaders are negatively related to stress. Furthermore, overtime, support from leaders and colleagues and managing work–life balance are positively related to job engagement. Having a dedicated workspace at home is not related to either job stress or engagement and no gender differences exist.Originality/valueThe study theoretically contributes to the literature by showing that the nature of work plays out differently for the well-being of employees working from home. In terms of practical implications, the study suggests that adjusting the level of difficulty of work tasks and providing support can alleviate stress among young employees. Providing the option to work from home may reduce stress among these young employees, however working from home may face limitations regarding enhancing job engagement.
Women entrepreneurs in India: a systematic literature review
Authors: Baral Rupashree , Dey Chitra , Manavazhagan Subhashri , Kamalini S. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to organize the existing empirical research on women entrepreneurs (WEs) in India, highlight the research areas that have not received attention and present opportunities for future research.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review (SLR) was performed on 74 scholarly articles focusing on WEs in India and published between 1993 and 2020. This review is structured around the 4W framework used in previous SLRs. The review is directed by the following foci: what do we know about academic research on WEs in India? How were these studies conducted? Where were these studies conducted? Why should academicians and practitioners consider WE research?FindingsThe authors arrived at four main themes underlying the empirical research on WEs: success factors for WEs, challenges faced by WEs, factors that attract and motivate WEs and performance measures for WEs. While challenges and success factors have received attention from researchers, there is a distinct lack of papers on factors that attract or motivate WE and performance measures. The main gaps identified were a lack of theoretical basis in studies, reliance on interview and survey-based methodology and a lack of context-specific studies.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this review are limited to WEs operating in India. Only Scopus-indexed journals listed in the Australian Business Dean's Council Journal Quality List (ABDC JQL) were included in the final SLR list.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to use a systematic approach to provide a detailed account of the state of the literature on women's entrepreneurship research in India.
The rainbow reality: income difference and discrimination based on sexual orientation and occupations
Authors: Mantovani Gabriela Gomes , Staduto Jefferson Andronio Ramundo 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe article aimed to identify and analyze the income differences across the income distribution between homosexuals and heterosexuals by occupational groups in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachPNAD-C microdata was used in two periods (2013–2015 and 2016 to 2019), highlighting the different economic, social and political contexts in Brazil. Recentered influence function and quantile income decomposition were estimated to verify the difference and income discrimination according to the guideline the worker’s sexuality.FindingsFor some cases homosexual workers earn more and in others, homosexuals earn less than heterosexuals. The differences in remuneration according to sexual orientation were smaller in positions that demand low qualification and competence. The quantile income decomposition between 2013 and 2015 revealed the positive effect of discrimination was the generator of income disparities between homosexuals and heterosexuals, with greater impact for the 10th and 90th quantiles and on groups that require small levels of complexity and education. Between 2016 and 2019, there was the presence of both effects, but the explained effect was the promoter of wage disparities in most occupational groups.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the dataset, it was only possible to work with proxies of homosexual couples.Originality/valueThere has been little research linking the themes of discrimination based on sexual orientation and occupational groups, and so far, it does not exist similar in Latin America. This study found that sexual orientation influences remuneration according to the occupational group that the worker belongs to, affecting income and, consequently, occupational choice. This connection of issues will contribute to new insights into discrimination based on sexual orientation, as well as more effective public policies aimed at reducing discrimination against homosexuals.
Impacts of service learning on tourism students’ sustainability competencies in conflict-affected Bamyan, Afghanistan
Authors: Franklin Kelly , Halvorson Sarah J. , Brown Fletcher 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impacts of service learning (SL) on teaching sustainability competencies in an undergraduate tourism program at Bamyan University, Afghanistan. This study reports on tourism students’ experiences in the SL course which taught five key sustainability competencies (collaboration, values thinking, action-oriented, systems thinking and integrated problem-solving).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper assessed students’ perceptions of their sustainability competencies gained during the implementation of the course in 2016 and 2017 through focus groups, reflective essays and participant observation.

Findings
The results demonstrate how the SL experience led students to self-discovery, strong conceptualizations of sustainability and working relationships with community stakeholders.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to assess the impacts of a SL course in Afghanistan. The analysis provides valuable information for developing effective higher education programs, relationships of trust between students and community stakeholders and the empowerment of students to contribute to local solutions which serve a role in stabilization efforts in conflict-affected contexts.
Impacts of normative and hedonic motivations on continuous knowledge contribution in virtual community: the moderating effect of past contribution experience
Authors: Dong Lingfeng , Hou Jinghui (Jove) , Huang Liqiang , Liu Yuan , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the effects of normative and hedonic motivations on continuous knowledge contribution, and how past contribution experience moderates the effects of the motivations on continuous knowledge contribution.Design/methodology/approachBased on goal-framing theory, the present study proposes a comprehensive theoretical model by integrating normative and hedonic motivations, past contribution experience and continuous knowledge contribution. The data for virtual community members' activities were collected using the Python Scrapy crawler. Logit regression was used to validate the integrative model.FindingsThe results show that both normative motivation (reflected by generalized reciprocity and social learning) and hedonic motivation (reflected by peer recognition and online attractiveness) are positively associated with continuous knowledge contribution. Moreover, these effects are found to be significantly influenced by members' past knowledge contribution experience. Specifically, the results suggest that past knowledge contribution experience undermines the influence of generalized reciprocity on continuous knowledge contribution but strengthens the effect of peer recognition and online attractiveness.Originality/valueAlthough the emerging literature on continuous knowledge contribution mainly focuses on motivations as antecedents that promote continuous knowledge contribution, most of these studies assume that the relationship between motivating mechanisms and continuous knowledge contribution does not change over time. The study is one of the initial studies to examine whether and how the influence of multiple motivations evolves relative to levels of past contribution experience.