bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sample coverage estimation, rarefaction, and extrapolation based on sample‐based abundance data
Authors: Chiu Chun‐Huo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSample coverage, the proportion of individuals that belong to observed species in a sample, is a metric used to measure the completeness of a sample. Rather than using equal sample sizes, equal sample coverage has become a widely accepted standard for comparing diversity across multiple assemblages, resulting in a more accurate representation of the true relationship between the richness of the assemblages. In practice, sample‐based abundance data are the most frequently used data type for evaluating species diversity. In sample‐based abundance data, the sampling unit (e.g., a plot, net, trap, or transect) is randomly selected from the target area, and the number of individuals for each species observed in the sampled unit is recorded. In this case, the individuals in the sample are no longer randomly and independently sampled, and the Good–Turing estimators of abundance‐based sample coverage in reference, rarefied, and extrapolated samples may be severely biased when individuals present a highly spatially aggregated pattern. Here, I derive a novel estimator of abundance‐based sample coverage based on the Good–Turing frequency formula. Additionally, a new analytical approach is introduced for enabling smooth coverage‐based rarefaction and extrapolation to compare richness among assemblages. The near unbiasedness of the proposed estimator and a less biased richness ratio achieved using the newly developed coverage‐based standardizing approach are demonstrated by analyzing three ForestGEO permanent forest plot data sets.
Effects of a novel medium–long–medium‐type structured lipid synthesized using a two‐step enzymatic method on lipid metabolism and obesity protection in experimental mice
Authors: Zhou Yahan , Xie Yuejie , Wang Zhongming , Wang Cao , Wang Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe synthesized a novel, structured lipid containing caprylic acid at its sn‐1,3 position and docosahexaenoic acid at its sn‐2 position (1,3C‐2D‐TAG) by using a two‐step enzymatic method and then investigated the relationship between the types of fatty acids in the structured lipid and their physiological functions. Furthermore, we compared the effects of similarly structured lipids on postprandial lipid metabolism and obesity protection. The results revealed that the novel structured lipid synthesized using the enzymatic method not only exhibited better physical properties than traditional oils but also had high oxidation stability and crystallization degree. In terms of physiological function, the low‐dose 1,3C‐2D‐TAG group exhibited higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels, lower kidney weight or body weight, and higher serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels than control group, whereas the high‐dose 1,3C‐2D‐TAG group exhibited higher triglyceride levels. Moreover, the medium‐dose 1,3C‐2D‐TAG group had remarkably higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the high‐lipid, control, and 1,2,3C‐TAG groups; however, the cholesterol and triglyceride levels and kidney and liver functions did not differ significantly among these groups. The study results suggest that 1,3C‐2D‐TAG can not only facilitate the effective utilization of the energy supplied by medium‐chain fatty acids but also help overcome difficulties in the absorption of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Plant‐based foods as meat and fat substitutes
Authors: Munialo Claire D. , Vriesekoop Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnimal proteins have in the past been used in food production due to their functional properties that range from gelation and emulsification to foaming ability and stability. However, animal husbandry has been shown to be a major contributor to global warming and climate change. Consequently, there has been a drive toward the use of alternative proteins, for example, proteins from plant sources which are perceived to be cheaper, healthier, and sustainable. The use of trans and saturated fatty acids in the food industry has been associated with various health issues that include an increased risk of metabolic disorders. This has resulted in an increased search for fat substitutes that are healthier and sustainable. To contribute toward a reduction in the consumption of meats from animal sources and the consumption of trans and saturated fatty acids, the formulation of plant‐based meat and fat analogs/substitutes has been carried out. However, there has been a lower acceptance of these meat or fat substitutes which was attributed to their sensorial and textural properties that fail to mimic or resemble real fat or meat. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the advances that have been made when it comes to plant‐based meat and fat substitutes. Additionally, consumer perception and acceptance of these products will be reviewed as well as future markets will be discussed and the opportunities and challenges that exist in the formulation of these products will be explored.
Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of marula fruit (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. Caffra) steamed and boiled before juice extraction
Authors: Dorothy Mokoena Z. , Suinyuy Terence N. , Lubaale John , Peter Bamidele O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMarula fruit is one of the most underutilized fruits in South Africa, and it has been reported to contain a high amount of vitamin C which is regarded as the cheapest antioxidant. The fruit pulp is traditionally extracted and boiled into juice, a process that adversely affects the vitamin C and bioactive phenolic profile of the resulting juice. This study evaluated the effects of boiling and steaming on the physicochemical properties of marula fruit juice. The pH, percentage yield, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging capacity, and vitamin C content of the fruit juice were examined. The study also investigated the total carotene, color, and sensory properties of the fruit juice. The results showed that boiling and steaming significantly decreased the Vit C content of the juice (75.67 and 60.05 mg/100 g) compared to control sample (95.11 mg/100 g). The TPC, radical scavenging capacity, and total carotene content of the fruit juice increase because the heating processes softened the matrix of the fruit increasing the extractability of the phenolics and carotene content of the samples. The color of the marula fruit juice was increased by both boiling and steaming, while the sensory properties of the marula fruit juice extracted from steamed marula fruit had the highest scores in all the measured parameters. Steaming of marula fruit before juice extraction improved the nutritional composition, antioxidant activities, and sensory properties of marula fruit juice.
Carbon Storage Tanker Lifetime Assessment
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Hu Qingsong , Xu Jingxiang , Wang Fang , Cao Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCO2 capture and storage (CCS) is an important strategy to reduce global CO2 emissions. This work presents both cutting‐edge carbon storage tanker design, as well as novel reliability method making possible to extract useful information about the lifespan distribution of carbon capture systems from their recorded time history. The method outlined may be applied on more complex sustainable systems that are exposed to environmental stresses throughout the whole period of their planned service life. The latter is of paramount importance at the design stage for complex engineering systems. Novel design for CCS system is discussed and accurate numerical simulation results are used to apply suggested novel reliability methodology. Furthermore, traditional reliability approaches that deal with complex energy systems are not well suited for handling high dimensionality and cross‐correlation between various system components of innovative dynamic CO2 storage subsea shuttle tanker. This study has two distinctive key features: the state of art CCS design concept, and the novel general purpose reliability method, recently developed by authors, and particularly suitable for operational safety study of complex energy systems.
Unmet clinical needs in the use of zanubrutinib in malignant lymphomas (Waldenström macroglobulinemia, marginal zone lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma): A consensus‐based position paper from an ad hoc expert panel
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Mauro Francesca Romana , Tedeschi Alessandra , Varettoni Marzia , Zaja Francesco , Barosi Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractZanubrutinib has been approved for the treatment of patients with different lymphoproliferative disorders, and now represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of patients resistant or relapsing after the recommended therapies. Because few systematic studies or comparative randomized clinical trials have been conducted, optimal use of the drug in approved indications is challenging, and questions are emerging on its use in earlier stages of the disorders. This article presents the results of group discussion among an ad hoc constituted panel of experts aimed at identifying and addressing unmet clinical needs (UCNs) in the use of zanubrutinib in the lymphomas which have received the approval of use, specifically Waldenström macroglubulinemia, marginal zone lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Key UCNs were selected according to the criterion of clinical relevance using the Delphi process. The panel produced recommendations and proposals for new studies for the management of the identified UCNs. These recommendations are intended for use not only by expert centers but above all by not experienced hematologists as well as general practitioners.
Angioembolization for massive pelvic hematoma after prostatic urethral lift
Authors: Ho Brian Sze Ho , Tsu James Hok‐Leung 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPelvic hematomas are a rare complication of prostatic urethral lift. We would like to report the first case of massive pelvic hematoma after prostatic urethral lift that was successfully managed by selective angioembolization.Case presentationAn 83‐year‐old gentleman with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent prostatic urethral lift. Although the procedure was uneventful, he developed shock while in the recovery room. Urgent contrast computed tomography scan showed a large heterogenous hematoma at the right pelvis extending to the right retroperitoneum with contrast extravasation noted. Urgent angiogram confirmed extravasation from the right prostatic artery. Angioembolization with coils and 33% N‐butyl cyanoacrylate glue was successfully performed.ConclusionProstatic urethral lift can be complicated by the rare massive pelvic hematoma, possibly more common in small prostates. With a prompt contrast computed tomography scan, pelvic hematomas can be managed with angioembolization first and hopefully prevent open exploratory surgery.
Triacylglyceride melting point determination using coarse‐grained molecular dynamics
Authors: Cordina Robert J. , Smith Beccy , Tuttle Tell 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study is carried out using the COGITO force field to determine whether the thermodynamic melting point of pure triacylglyceride crystals can be predicted using molecular dynamics simulations. The triacylglycerides used in this study are both saturated and unsaturated, as well as symmetrical and asymmetrical, to test the robustness of both the force field and the direct heating methodology described in this paper. Given the nonequilibrium nature of a melting system, a larger number of simulations are required to ensure that the results are sufficiently converged, that is, with little fluctuation and a small confidence interval. The study also highlights the importance of the presence of defects, in this case as voids, to lower the melting nucleation energy barrier of the crystals and avoid superheating of the systems being tested. The size of these defects is much larger than what would be found in a physical crystal, however, the simple and robust procedure that was developed allows the accurate prediction of melting points of the different triacylglycerides.
Interannual variation of midsummer precipitation in the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River and its possible mechanisms
Authors: Yang Cheng , Chi Qu , Zhou Shunwu , Wu Ping , Danzeng Lunzhu , Sun Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydroclimatic process in Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) plays a critical role in the water cycle of the whole Tibetan Plateau (TP), but there is a lack of understanding about it due to restrictive conditions. In this study, we further investigate the interannual variation characteristics and possible factors of midsummer (July–August) precipitation in the middle reaches of YZR (MYZR) based on the monthly precipitation data from four stations (Lhasa, Xigaze, Tsedang and Gyangze) in the Inner TP and ERA5 reanalysis dataset for the years 1961–2017. The results suggest that precipitation shows no obvious linear trend during the research period but is dominated by interannual oscillation with evident cycles of 3 years. Meanwhile, the interannual variation of precipitation is related to local changes of water vapour budget. The anomalous anticyclones over the Indian Peninsula‐Southeast Asia continuously transport water vapour from the western Pacific, South China Sea and Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the TP. Simultaneously, both the monsoon low and South Asia high in southern TP provide dynamic conditions for the convergence and uplift of water vapour.
Lumbar disc herniation in juveniles: A case–control study of MRI characteristics and etiological insights
Authors: Jiang Lejian , Du Xiaotian , Pan Zongyou , Yuan Ying , Battié Michele C. , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLumbar disc herniation (LDH) is rare in juveniles. LDH occurring at age 20 years or younger is referred to as juvenile disc herniation (JDH). While adult LDH is regarded as an advanced stage of disc degeneration, it remains unclear why intervertebral discs rupture in youth. This study aimed to characterize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of JDH and investigate possible etiological factors. From 2013 to 2020, JDH patients and controls were identified and interviewed to assess demographics, general lifestyles, and family histories. MRIs were evaluated for disc degeneration, epiphyseal ring separation, Modic changes and endplate lesions. The relationships between JDH and suspected risk factors were examined. A total of 297 JDH patients (199 boys and 98 girls, age 17.3 ± 2.1 years) and 185 controls (age 17.1 ± 2.4 years) were studied. Age, body mass index, exposures to daily physical labor, regular exercise, and daily sitting time were similar between JDH cases and controls. A family medical history of serious back pain was more common in JDH patients than in controls (59.4% vs. 26.5%, p < 0.001), as well as family history of clinically established LDH (45.0% vs. 12.4%, p < 0.001). Epiphyseal ring separation was identified in 102 (29.2%) herniated discs in 91 (36.4%) JDH patients, while occurring in only 5 (1.4%) control participants (p < 0.001). Overall, severe disc degeneration was not a prominent finding in JDH patients. In conclusion, epiphyseal ring separation was a common magnetic resonance feature in JDH. Findings suggest a genetically mediated developmental model of JDH, rather than a model of premature disc degeneration.
Simple machine learning methods work surprisingly well for Ramanomics
Authors: Lawrence Celestine P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, a deep convolutional neural network was employed to detect liver cancer by Ramanomics. Results on a demo dataset claimed an accuracy of about 90% to be achieved after around an hour of training in a modern desktop. However, my experience with another Ramanomics dataset taught me that simple methods could potentially outperform deep learning. Here, I tested the simple and interpretable method of logistic regression. It achieved an accuracy of around 90.4% in under a minute. Employing a random decision forest yields an accuracy of 92.6% in under 10 s. Thus, although deep learning is promising, it is yet to provide a quantum‐leap in performance for Ramanomics. A biophysics aware machine learning method would be more welcome!
Can EAT‐10 Become EAT‐5? Improving Measurement Efficiency of Dysphagia with Item Response Theory
Authors: Ahanotu Adaobi , DeVore Elliana Kirsh , Carroll Thomas L. , Edelen Maria , Morcos Mary , Willard Elizabeth , Zhao Nina W. , Belafsky Peter , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo assess: (1) the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) with item response theory (IRT) to determine which individual items provide the most information, (2) the extent to which dysphagia is measured with subsets of items while maintaining precise score estimates, and (3) if 5‐item scales have the differing discriminatory ability, as compared to the parent 10‐item instrument.MethodsProspectively collected data from 2,339 patients who completed the EAT‐10 questionnaire during evaluation at a tertiary care otolaryngology clinic were utilized. IRT analyses provided discrimination and location parameters associated with individual questions. Residual item correlations were also assessed for redundant information. Based on these results, three 5‐item subsets were further evaluated using item information function curves. Areas under receiver‐operator characteristic curves (ROC‐AUC) were also calculated to evaluate the discriminatory ability for dysphagia‐related clinical diagnoses.ResultsItem discrimination parameter estimates ranged from 1.71 to 5.46, with higher values indicating more information. Residual item correlations were determined within item pairs, and location parameters were calculated. Based on these data, in combination with clinical utility, three 5‐item subsets were proposed and assessed. ROC‐AUC analyses demonstrated no significant difference between the EAT‐5‐Alpha subset and the original 10‐item instrument for discriminating dysphagia as a primary diagnosis (0.88, 0.88). The EAT‐5‐Clinical subset outperformed the original 10 instruments in ROC‐AUC for aspiration. The EAT‐5‐Range subset was significantly associated with problems with thin liquids.ConclusionsIRT analyses distinguished three proposed 5‐item subsets of the EAT‐10 instrument, supporting shorter survey options, while still reflecting the impact of dysphagia without significant loss of discrimination.Level of Evidence3 (Diagnostic testing with consistently applied reference standards, partial blinding). Laryngoscope, 133:3327–3333, 2023
Procedure‐Related Complications in Sham Surgeries for Parkinson's Clinical Trials: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Mamaril‐Davis James C. , Gelb Adrian W. , Larson Paul S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDouble‐blind, sham‐controlled neurosurgical trials for neurodegenerative disorders are debated as an ethical dilemma, particularly regarding subjects randomized to the sham surgery group with general anesthesia.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the safety of sham surgeries in Parkinson's disease (PD) clinical trials through complications related to the procedure.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Rates and odds ratios (OR) were compared using random effects analysis.ResultsSeven studies, all randomized, double‐blind, sham surgery–controlled trials, with 309 patients with PD, were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed: 141 patients in sham groups and 168 patients in the experimental arms of gene or cell therapy trials. Sham subjects had lower rates of gastrointestinal, positioning, incision‐site, respiratory (hypoxic or hypercapnic respiratory failure), cardiovascular, thromboembolism, postoperative cognitive decline, skull fracture, and intracranial or spinal complications when compared with active treatment subjects. Sham subjects, however, had a higher rate of perioperative respiratory infections, such as pneumonia or sinusitis. Further, sham subjects were less likely to experience postoperative cognitive decline (OR, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.47), intracranial or spinal complications (OR, 0.10; 95% CI: 0.01–0.75), total major morbidity (OR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.19–0.47), or overall complications (OR, 0.59; 95% CI: 0.47–0.75) when compared with patients receiving experimental therapy.ConclusionsPatients with PD in the sham surgery control arm of cell transplantation or gene therapy clinical trials have a low risk of procedure‐related adverse events overall and fewer complications than patients in the experimental groups. There were no reported deaths attributed to sham surgery–controlled PD clinical trials. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Hepatoenteric Protective Effect of Melanin from Inonotus hispidus on Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Wu Fuquan , Zhang Fengpei , Li Xiaomin , Wu Xiaoping , Fu Junsheng 
Published: May 2023

ScopeAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common disease with a high incidence. Because traditional drugs have obvious side effects, it is desired to find more effective drugs.Methods and resultsThis study investigates the effects of melanin from Inonotus hispidus fruiting bodies (IHFM) on acute alcoholic injury mice and detects the protective mechanisms via the gut–microbiota–liver axis. The results show that IHFM alleviates mouse liver injury by enhancing alcohol metabolism capacity, reducing inflammation response level and strengthening antioxidant activities. IHFM also improves mouse liver injury by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting toll‐like receptor4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor‐κβ (NF‐κβ) signaling pathway. Furthermore, 16S amplification sequencing shows that IHFM can significantly increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus johnsonii. The relative abundance of L. reuteri positively correlates with an antioxidant index, while negatively correlates with inflammatory factors.ConclusionIHFM can protect mice from acute alcoholic liver injury by upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, downregulating the TLR4/NF‐κβ signaling pathway, and upregulating the relative abundance of L. reuteri and L. johnsonii, representing a step forward in the development of IHFM.
The correlation analysis between organizational justice, knowledge‐hiding behaviour and Nurses' innovation ability: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Song Jiating , Yang Zuanzuan , Zhang Zhixia , Huang Qihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to analyse the correlations among organizational justice, knowledge‐hiding behaviour and nurses' innovation ability.DesignA descriptive and cross‐sectional design and the data were collected using questionnaires.MethodsDemographic information, professional data, innovation capacity scales, knowledge‐hiding scales and organizational justice scales were used in this study. Using descriptive statistics, t‐tests, one‐way analysis of variance and Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analyses, we compared the differences and examined the correlations between participants' demographic and innovation capacity scales, and knowledge‐hiding scales and organizational fairness scales.ResultsWe received 1486 valid responses, with an effective response rate of 96.68%. We found team role, nursing age, number of training, literature‐reading habits, organizational justice, information justice, fair distribution and deaf knowledge‐hiding as the influencing factors of nurses' innovation. Nurses' sense of organizational fairness negatively correlated with knowledge concealment and positively correlated with innovation ability. Moreover, knowledge hiding negatively correlated with nurses' innovation ability. Furthermore, knowledge‐hiding plays a partial intermediary role between organizational fairness and nurses' innovation ability.