bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground states in spatially discrete non-linear Schrödinger models
Authors: Stefanov Atanas G , Ross Ryan M , Kevrekidis Panayotis G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the seminal work (Weinstein 1999 Nonlinearity
12 673), Weinstein considered the question of the ground states for discrete Schrödinger equations with power law nonlinearities, posed on

Z

d

. More specifically, he constructed the so-called normalised waves, by minimising the Hamiltonian functional, for fixed power P (i.e. l
2 mass). This type of variational method allows one to claim, in a straightforward manner, set stability for such waves. In this work, we revisit these questions and build upon Weinstein’s work, as well as the innovative variational methods introduced for this problem in (Laedke et al 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett.
73 1055 and Laedke et al 1996 Phys. Rev. E 54 4299) in several directions. First, for the normalised waves, we show that they are in fact spectrally stable as solutions of the corresponding discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLS) evolution equation. Next, we construct the so-called homogeneous waves, by using a different constrained optimisation problem. Importantly, this construction works for all values of the parameters, e.g. l
2 supercritical problems. We establish a rigorous criterion for stability, which decides the stability on the homogeneous waves, based on the classical Grillakis–Shatah–Strauss/Vakhitov–Kolokolov (GSS/VK) quantity

∂
ω

∥

φ
ω

∥

l
2

2

. In addition, we provide some symmetry results for the solitons. Finally, we complement our results with numerical computations, which showcase the full agreement between the conclusion from the GSS/VK criterion vis-á-vis with the linearised problem. In particular, one observes that it is possible for the stability of the wave to change as the spectral parameter ω varies, in contrast with the corresponding continuous NLS model.
Annihilation photon GAN source model for PET Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Sarrut D , Etxebeste A , Kaprelian T , Saporta A , Létang JM 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Following previous works on virtual sources model with Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), we extend the proof of concept for generating back-to-back pairs of gammas with timing information, typically for Monte Carlo simulation of Positron Emission Tomography(PET) imaging. Approach. A conditional GAN is trained once from a low statistic simulation in a given attenuation phantom and enables the generation of various activity source distributions. GAN training input is a set of gammas exiting a phantom, tracked from a source of positron emitters, described by position, direction and energy. A new parameterization that improves the training is also proposed. An ideal PET reconstruction algorithm is used to evaluate the quality of the GAN. Main results. The proposed method is evaluated on National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) phantoms and with CT patient image showing good agreement with reference simulations. The proportions of 2-gammas, 1-gammas and absorbed-gammas are respected to within one percent, image profiles matched and recovery coefficients were close with less than 5% difference. GAN tends to blur gamma energy peak, e.g. 511 keV. Significance. Once trained, the GAN generator can be used as input source for Monte Carlo simulations of PET imaging systems, decreasing the computational time with speedups up to ×400 according to the configurations.
Regional disparity in continuously measured time-domain cerebrovascular reactivity indices: a scoping review of human literature
Authors: Sainbhi Amanjyot Singh , Marquez Izabella , Gomez Alwyn , Stein Kevin Y , Amenta Fiorella , Vakitbilir Nuray , Froese Logan , Zeiler Frederick A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective: Cerebral blood vessels maintaining relatively constant cerebral blood flow (CBF) over wide range of systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP) is referred to as cerebral autoregulation (CA). Impairments in CA expose the brain to pressure-passive flow states leading to hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) metrics refer to surrogate metrics of pressure-based CA that evaluate the relationship between slow vasogenic fluctuations in cerebral perfusion pressure/ABP and a surrogate for pulsatile CBF/cerebral blood volume. Approach: We performed a systematically conducted scoping review of all available human literature examining the association between continuous CVR between more than one brain region/channel using the same CVR index. Main Results: In all the included 22 articles, only handful of transcranial doppler (TCD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based metrics were calculated for only two brain regions/channels. These metrics found no difference between left and right sides in healthy volunteer, cardiac surgery, and intracranial hemorrhage patient studies. In contrast, significant differences were reported in endarterectomy, and subarachnoid hemorrhage studies, while varying results were found regarding regional disparity in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and multiple population studies. Significance: Further research is required to evaluate regional disparity using NIRS-based indices and to understand if NIRS-based indices provide better regional disparity information than TCD-based indices.
Relativistic calculation of electron impact excitation of tin: cross sections of importance in plasma modeling
Authors: Suresh Indhu , N S R Srikar P S , Priti  , Srivastava R , Gangwar R K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present work includes the calculation of electron impact excitation cross sections for the fine structure resolved transitions in Sn I and Sn II, using the relativistic distorted wave approximation with the aid of Dirac-Fock multiconfigurational wavefunctions. For Sn I, the cross sections are calculated for the excitations from the fine structure resolved energy levels of the manifolds,

5

s
2

5

p
2

,

5
p
6
s

,

5
p
5
d

, and

5
p
6
p

including the ground state,

5

s
2

5

p
2

(
3

P

0

)

to the fine structure resolved levels of

5

s
2

5

p
2

,

5
p
6
[
s
,
p
,
d
,
f
]

,

5
p
4
f

,

5
p
5
[
d
,
f
,
g
]

, and

5
p
7
[
s
,
p
,
d
,
f
]

manifolds for a wide range of projectile electron energy from 0 to 500 eV. Further, the cross sections are also calculated for the excitations of Sn II from the fine structure resolved energy levels of the manifolds,

5

s
2

5
p

,

5
s
5

p
2

,

5

s
2

6
s

,

5

s
2

5
d

and

5

s
2

6
p

including the ground state,

5

s
2

5
p

(
2

P

1

/

2

)

to the fine structure resolved levels of

5
s
5

p
2

,

5

s
2

6
[
s
,
p
,
d
]

,

5

s
2

5
d

,

5

s
2

7
[
s
,
p
,
d
]

, and

5

s
2

8
[
s
,
p
,
d
]

manifolds. All the cross sections for Sn I except for the excitation from the ground state

5

s
2

5

p
2

(
3

P

0

)

to the fine-structure resolved excited states of

5

s
2

5

p
2

,

5
p
6
[
s
,
p
]

and

5
p
5
d

manifolds and all the cross sections for Sn II are reported for the first time. In order to ensure the consistency of the present calculations, a comparison of the oscillator strengths and transition probabilities is carried out with the available calculations and measurements. The present cross sections are also compared with previous calculations and observed to be in reasonable agreement. The calculated cross sections are of great interest in the modeling and diagnostic of various plasmas such as laser induced plasma, fusion plasma, etc. Further, to ease the use of calculated cross sections, the analytic fitting of the cross sections is also provided.
Significant reduction in the low-field magnetization of Nb3Sn superconducting strands using the internal oxidation APC approach
Authors: Xu X , Sumption M , Wan F , Peng X , Rochester J , Choi E S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nb3Sn superconductors are promising for building accelerator magnets for future energy-frontier circular colliders. A critical factor for this application is the low-field persistent-current magnetization because it leads to several critical issues: e.g. low-field instability (including flux jumps), hysteresis loss, and field errors in magnet bores. Suppression of low-field magnetization requires reduction of low-field critical current density (J
c) or effective subelement size (d
eff). However, reduction of d
eff of state-of-the-art Nb3Sn conductors—the restacked-rod-process (RRP®) type—below 40–50 μm without a pronounced decrease in high-field J
c is difficult. On the other hand, the internal oxidation method which forms artificial pinning centers (APC) in Nb3Sn offers an alternative approach to reducing the low-field magnetization. Compared with a conventional Nb3Sn conductor whose flux pinning force versus field (F
p–B) curve peaks at ∼20% of its irreversibility field (B
irr), the F
p–B curve peaks of APC conductors shift to higher fields due to the point pinning effect, leading to flattening of the J
c–B curves. The goal of this paper is to quantitatively study how much the APC approach can reduce the low-field magnetization. We measured the J
c–B curves of an RRP® conductor and two APC conductors (reacted at 700 °C) from zero field to B
irr using a high-field vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the APC conductors have higher non-Cu J
c at high fields (e.g. 32%–41% higher at 16 T) and simultaneously lower non-Cu J
c at low fields (e.g. 28%–34% lower at 1 T) compared with the RRP®. This effect is due to a competition between their Nb3Sn layer fraction ratios and layer F
p ratios. Suppose they reach the same 16 T non-Cu J
c, then the 1 T non-Cu J
c and magnetization of the APC conductors are only half or even less compared with the RRP® conductor.
Investigation on nonuniform current density and shape deformation affecting the magnetic field performance of a saddle-shaped no-insulation HTS cosine–theta dipole magnet
Authors: Kim Geonyoung , Park Jeonghwan , Bang Jeseok , Hahn Garam , Park Seong Hyeon , Im Chaemin , Park Hyunsoo , Kim Jaemin , Choi Seyong , Kang Hyoungku , Hahn Seungyong , Lee Sangjin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High magnetic fields are desirable for discovering new particles in particle accelerators. Dipole magnets using superconductors have played a key role in creating the required field intensity and uniformity. In contrast, high temperature superconductor (HTS) dipole magnets have recently been spotlit because of their ability to generate higher magnetic fields compared to their low temperature superconductor counterpart. Similar needs have emerged in other fields using magnets, and no-insulation (NI) technology is considered a feasible option to reach high magnetic fields by overcoming the disadvantages of HTS magnets. However, research has rarely been carried out on the utilization of NI HTS magnet technology for dipole magnets in high-field accelerators. Here we show the design, fabrication, and test results of an NI HTS dipole magnet with numerical analysis results. This paper aims to investigate the effect of nonuniform current density and undesirable shape deformation on the magnetic field distribution of a saddle-shaped NI HTS dipole magnet. The magnet is designed and constructed considering the ‘constant perimeter winding’ technique and tested in liquid nitrogen. The field mapping process is also performed along a designated mapping trajectory to obtain the magnetic field distribution. A T-A formulation-based simulation model, named the ‘sequential simulation model,’ is suggested to reproduce the measurements and employed considering the current distribution and shape deformation. As a result of quantitative analysis of the transverse direction measurements, the magnetic field error decreased by 0.02 percent point (pp) when the nonuniform current density is considered. It decreased by 0.13 pp when the shape deformation is considered. Moreover, the critical current calculated through an additional numerical analysis shows an error of up to 10%. In conclusion, the saddle-shaped NI HTS dipole magnet can produce a sufficient magnetic field level for particle accelerator research, even though the field distribution shows a uniformity of 0.37% within this study.
The power of qutrits for non-adaptive measurement-based quantum computing
Authors: Mackeprang Jelena , Bhatti Daniel , Hoban Matty J , Barz Stefanie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Non-locality is not only one of the most prominent quantum features but can also serve as a resource for various information-theoretical tasks. Analysing it from an information-theoretical perspective has linked it to applications such as non-adaptive measurement-based quantum computing (NMQC). In this type of quantum computing the goal is to output a multivariate function. The success of such a computation can be related to the violation of a generalised Bell inequality. So far, the investigation of binary NMQC with qubits has shown that quantum correlations can compute all Boolean functions using at most

2
n

−
1

qubits, whereas local hidden variables (LHVs) are restricted to linear functions. Here, we extend these results to NMQC with qutrits and prove that quantum correlations enable the computation of all three-valued logic functions using the generalised qutrit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state as a resource and at most

3
n

−
1

qutrits. This yields a corresponding generalised GHZ type paradox for any three-valued logic function that LHVs cannot compute. We give an example for an n-variate function that can be computed with only n + 1 qutrits, which leads to convenient generalised qutrit Bell inequalities whose quantum bound is maximal. Finally, we prove that not all functions can be computed efficiently with qutrit NMQC by presenting a counterexample.
Multi-electrode parallel three-dimensional manipulation based on typical optically-induced dielectrophoresis
Authors: Yang Huanzhou , Hou Fengyan , Li Bo , Song Zhengxun , Wang Zuobin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, three-dimensional manipulation based on typical optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) was realized by using different shapes of electrodes and forced in different directions, and parallel three-dimensional manipulation of multiple electrodes was studied. SMMC-7721 cells were manipulated in 8.5% (w/v) sucrose solution, and the direction of the force on the cell (positive or negative) was determined by the frequency of the external electrical signal. We used light patterns of different shapes (dot, stripe, and ring) to achieve three-dimensional manipulation of cells based on positive force and the constricted ring to achieve three-dimensional manipulation based on negative force. We studied the effect of electrode spacing on manipulation when multiple electrodes were simultaneously used for three-dimensional manipulation. To achieve parallel and independent three-dimensional manipulation of multiple electrodes, it is necessary to ensure a large electrode spacing.
Early universe dynamics of PQ field with very small self-coupling and its implications for axion dark matter
Authors: Kozów P. , Olechowski M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are often considered as good candidates for dark matter. Several mechanisms generating relic abundance of ALP dark matter have been proposed. They may involve processes which take place before, during or after cosmic inflation. In all cases an important role is played by the potential of the corresponding Peccei-Quinn (PQ) field. Quite often this potential is assumed to be dominated by a quartic term with a very small coupling. We show that in such situation it is crucial to take into account different kinds of corrections especially in models in which the PQ field evolves during and after inflation. We investigate how such evolution changes due to radiative, thermal and geometric corrections. In many cases those changes are very important and result in strong modifications of the predictions of a model. They may strongly influence the amount of ALP contributions to cold and warm components of dark matter as well as the power spectrum of associated isocurvature perturbations. Models with a quasi-supersymmetric spectrum of particles to which the PQ field couples seem to be especially interesting.
Qualitative features of such models are discussed with the help of approximate analytical formulae. However, the dynamics of the PQ field with the considered corrections taken into account is more complicated than in the case without corrections so dedicated numerical calculations are necessary to obtain precise predictions.
We present such results for some characteristic benchmark points in the parameter space.
Preliminary Exploration of Areal Density of Angular Momentum for Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wang Feilu , Xue Xiangxiang , Salzmann David , Shen Baifei , Zhong Zehao , Zhao Gang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The specific angular momenta (j

t
) of stars, baryons as a whole and dark matter halos contain clues of vital importance about how galaxies form and evolve. Using a sample of 70 spiral galaxies, we perform a preliminary analysis of j

t
, and introduce a new quantity, e.g., areal density of angular momentum (ADAM) (

j
t

M
⋆

/

(
2

R
d

)

2

) as an indication for the existence of jet(s) in spiral galaxies. The percentage of spiral galaxies having jet(s) shows a strong correlation with ADAM, although the present sample is incomplete.
Two-dimensional collisional particle model of the divertor sheath with electron emissive walls
Authors: Cichocki F. , Sciortino V. , Giordano F. , Minelli P. , Taccogna F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A novel two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code, named Divertor Edge Simulator of Plasma-wall Interaction with Consistent COllisions (DESPICCO) and developed at CNR-ISTP, is capable of simulating the thin plasma layer of several millimeters, adjacent to the divertor tiles of a Tokamak fusion reactor. Here, kinetic effects and non-neutral plasma physics in the Debye sheath can be self-consistently captured by the PIC approach. The code is firstly benchmarked against literature one-dimensional codes and additional theoretical predictions for a magnetized sheath. Then, it is applied to a realistic divertor scenario featuring an attached plasma with monoblocks (MBs) radial misalignment and gaps, to compute the energy flux amplification factor at the exposed MB edge. A non-ambipolar local current density close to the leading edge and an average sheath heat transmission coefficient larger than the one predicted by classical sheath theory, are found. The effects of electron wall emission and plasma-gas collisions on the ion Mach number and on particle and energy fluxes to the walls are finally estimated to determine future guidelines for simulations. Ion collisions with recycled neutrals and both secondary and thermionic electron emission from the wall are found to have a relevant impact, with the overall effect of reducing by 25% the average ion impact energy, and by 15%–20% the total heavy particles energy flux to the walls, with relevant implications on the divertor wall erosion.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism moderates the relationship between impulsivity, negative emotions, and binge drinking intensity in university students
Authors: Benzerouk Farid , Gierski Fabien , Lannoy Séverine , Barrière Sarah , Schmid Franca , Papillon Charles-Antoine , Houchi Hakim , DeWever Elodie , Quaglino Véronique , Naassila Mickael , Kaladjian Arthur 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Studies on the genetic factors involved in binge drinking (BD) and its associated traits are very rare. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate differences in the association between impulsivity, emotion regulation and BD in a sample of young adults according to the rs6265/Val66Met variant in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, a well-known candidate gene in alcohol use disorders. We recruited 226 university students (112 women), aged between 18 and 25 years old, from two centers in France. The participants completed measures related to alcohol consumption, depression severity, state anxiety levels, impulsivity (UPPS-P), and difficulties in emotion regulation [Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)]. The relationship between the BD score and the clinical characteristics in the BDNF genotype groups was assessed by partial correlation analyses and moderation analyses. The partial correlation analyses showed that, in the Val/Val genotype group, the BD score was positively related to UPPS-P Lack of Premeditation and Sensation Seeking scores. In the Met carriers group, the BD score was positively related to UPPS-P Positive Urgency, lack of Premeditation, lack of Perseverance and Sensation Seeking scores and to Clarity score of the DERS. Moreover, the BD score was positively associated with depression severity and state anxiety scores. The moderation analyses revealed that BDNF Val/Met genotype moderated the relationship between several clinical variables and BD. The results of the present study support the hypothesis of common and specific vulnerability factors regarding impulsivity and emotion regulation difficulties associated with BD according to this BDNF rs6265 polymorphism.
Pan-cancer analysis of G6PD carcinogenesis in human tumors
Authors: Liu Bin , Fu Xiaoli , Du Yuhui , Feng Zichen , Chen Ruiqin , Liu Xiaoxue , Yu Fangfang , Zhou Guoyu , Ba Yue 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is involved in the catalytic pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is closely related to energy metabolism. G6PD plays a crucial role in many types of cancer, but the specific molecular mechanisms of G6PD in cancer remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential oncogenic role of G6PD in various tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the cBioPortal datasets, the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena browser, and the UALCAN-based online tool. G6PD was highly expressed in several cancer tissues (hepatocellular carcinoma, glioma, and breast cancer) compared with normal tissues and was significantly associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and breast cancer. Promoter methylation levels of G6PD were lower in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA) (P = 2.77e−02), breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) (P = 1.62e−12), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) (P = 4.23e−02), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) (P = 2.64e−03), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) (P = 1.76e−02), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) (P = 3.50e−02), testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) (P = 1.62e−12), higher in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) (P = 1.81e−09), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) (P = 2.96e−04) compared with corresponding normal tissue samples. G6PD expression was positively correlated with the infiltration level of immune cells in most tumors, suggesting that G6PD may be involved in tumor immune infiltration. In addition, the functional mechanism of G6PD also involves ‘Carbon metabolism’, ‘Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis’, ‘Pentose phosphate pathway’, and ‘Central carbon pathway metabolism in cancer signaling pathway’. This pan-cancer study provides a relatively broad understanding of the oncogenic role of G6PD in various tumors and presents a theoretical basis for the development of G6PD inhibitors as therapeutic drugs for multiple cancers.