bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Happiness and Executive Compensation
Authors: Song Zilong , Zhang Wenwen , Liang Rixin , Sun Xu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHow does happiness—an important nonmonetary benefit—affect executives' monetary compensation? Although previous studies have shown that some nonmonetary benefits—such as living quality, air pollution, and corporate social recognition—significantly affect managerial compensation, little is known about the impact of happiness on executive pay. Using a sample of Chinese companies from the year 2008 to 2021, we analyze happiness data at the city level to explore the relationship between happiness and corporate executive compensation. The results show that local happiness is significantly and negatively related to executive compensation. This finding remains robust when analyzed using alternative measures of variables and different estimation methods and when controlled for endogeneity concerns. We also document that executive needs and talent migration are channels through which happiness affects executive compensation. The additional heterogeneity analyses reveal that the negative relationship between happiness and executive compensation is more pronounced if a firm has strong bargaining power or is not state‐owned. The findings in this study highlight the importance of nonmonetary incentives in designing executive compensation packages and motivating executives.Clinical trial registration: This article does not address clinical trials.
Anthropometric and Angular Measurements in Healthy Persian Females in Comparison to the Golden Ratio
Authors: Jokar Farideh , Hadibarhaghtalab Maryam , Kasraei Hengameh , Parvar S. Yasamin , Seifi Vahid , Jahromi Zahra Vojdani 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAnthropology is the scientific exploration of the human body morphology. The present study aims to establish the anthropometric norms among young Persian ethnic women and compare them with golden proportion, a mathematical formula in facial esthetics.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed on Persian women between July 2020 and January 2021. Persian women were randomly selected based on the inclusion criteria of the study. Two standard photos were taken of each participant in profile and frontal angle, and then the anthropometric ratios were extracted and compared in different groups.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐five Persian women aged 20–50 years with an average age of 32.4 ± 7.09 were included. The golden ratio in Fars ethnicity was 1.79 ± 0.24. Forehead height I significantly increased with age (p value = 0.03). Philtrum length also showed a significant age‐related increase (p value = 0.001). Lower and upper lip heights increased with age (p value = 0.002). Our results revealed statistically significant differences in the mean labial fissure width among the three age groups (p value = 0.009). Lower vermilion height significantly decreased with increasing age (p value = 0.028). The mentolabial and nasal dorsum angles exhibited significant differences among the age groups (p value = 0.002). Furthermore, the jaw and chin angles were notably lower in the younger age groups (p value = 0.047 and 0.001, respectively). When comparing different ethnicities, the Turk ethnicity stood out as having a significantly higher chin angle.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study challenges the universality of the golden ratio, with Persian females demonstrating a closer adherence to a ratio of 1.75 and recommending a modified golden ratio for Middle Eastern. Our findings also highlight the importance of considering age‐related changes in cosmetic interventions, particularly lip and forehead dimensions.
Mothers and grandmothers: Rethinking motherhood in the context of intergenerational caregiving
Authors: Hanser Amy , Zhang Yijia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how the intergenerational caregiving exchanges from grandmother (maternal and paternal) to mother influence early motherhood experiences and childcare practices.BackgroundMotherhood scholarship often neglects the influence of grandmothers on how women mother, or when acknowledging caregivers like grandmothers often fails to consider the potentially ambivalent ways grandmother caregiving affects mothers. Research on intergenerational support, however, documents the tension between solidarity and ambivalence characterizing care exchanges within families. More attention should be paid to understanding the complex ways grandmother participation intersects with a woman's motherhood experience.MethodsThis study asks how intergenerational caregiving by grandmothers shapes a woman's experiences of early motherhood, utilizing qualitative interview data with 34 Chinese immigrant mothers about their postpartum experiences, conducted in Canada between 2018 and 2019.ResultsData revealed that grandmother care was an important, though often ambivalent, element of Chinese immigrant mothers' experience of new motherhood. New mothers sought to assert their autonomy and competence while simultaneously sharing mothering duties with grandmothers, whose interventions and care labor could simultaneously provoke feelings of guilt, gratitude, and resentment. Women assumed motherhood roles and identities at the same time they navigated the tensions between family solidarity and a desire for mothering autonomy.ConclusionHighlighting the significant but ambivalent role grandmothers can play in a woman's transition to motherhood demonstrates the importance of bringing grandmothers into how contemporary motherhood is understood.
Impact of Swallowing Assessment Using the Hyodo‐Komagane Score on the Severity of Dysphagia and Medical Staff Workload
Authors: Matsuyama Kota , Igarashi Takeshi , Nozawa Miki , Kashima Kazutaka , Goto Hiroki , Uemura Saeko , Yamauchi Tomohiko , Ito Makoto , Kanazawa Takeharu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe goal of dysphagia treatment is to ensure a safe and effective reduction in both dysphagia severity and medical staff workload.ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of the Hyodo‐Komagane score with dysphagia severity and medical staff workload.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 96 patients who were referred from other departments for swallowing evaluation from January to April 2021. The correlation between the Hyodo‐Komagane score and dysphagia severity was assessed using the Food Intake LEVEL Scale (FILS) score, and its effect on the reduction in medical staff workload was examined using the feeding assistance level of the referred patients.ResultsThis study included 96 hospitalised patients, comprising 15 patients with neuromuscular diseases, eight patients with cardiovascular diseases, 12 patients with head and neck diseases (excluding otolaryngological diseases), 34 patients with internal medicine diseases and 27 patients with cerebrovascular diseases, who underwent swallowing evaluation. The FILS score and feeding assistance level significantly improved at discharge compared with that at referral. A significant correlation was observed between the FILS score and feeding assistance level. The Hyodo‐Komagane score was correlated with the feeding assistance level at discharge but not at referral.ConclusionThe Hyodo‐Komagane score may optimise rehabilitation and reduce dysphagia severity and medical staff workload, indicating its useful effect on dysphagia severity and medical staff labour.
Application of Orofacial Muscle Strength Measurement to Screen for Penetration/Aspiration Risk in Older Adults With Sarcopenia: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Hwang Na‐Kyoung , Yoon Tae‐Hyung , Park Ji‐Su 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundEarly identification of penetration/aspiration (P/A) risk in older adults with sarcopenia is crucial to prevent complications and maintain quality of life.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic utility of orofacial muscle strength measurements for predicting the risk of P/A in older adults with sarcopenia.MethodsIn this observational and prospective study, we collated consecutive data from community‐dwelling older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia at a musculoskeletal disorder clinic. Altogether, 54 participants underwent orofacial muscle strength measurements (the index test) using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) (the reference test) to evaluate for the presence of P/A. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine orofacial muscle strength based on P/A.ResultsOverall, 34 patients showed penetration in the VFSS, although none of the patients showed signs of aspiration. The cut‐off for tongue strength to identify the risk of P/A was ≤ 20.5 kPa, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 and 0.74, respectively; the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88. The cut‐off for buccinator strength was ≤ 19.5 kPa, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.65 and 0.68, respectively, with an AUC of 0.69. The cut‐off for lip muscle strength was ≤ 18.5 kPa, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.65 and 0.71, respectively, with an AUC of 0.69.ConclusionThe evaluation of buccinator and lip muscle strength did not demonstrate sufficient diagnostic utility for detecting the risk of P/A in older patients with sarcopenia; however, tongue strength showed reliable diagnostic utility for identifying the risk of P/A.
Automatic tiny crack positioning and width measurement with parallel laser line‐camera system
Authors: Li Chaobin , Su R. K. L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractQuantifying tiny cracks is crucial for assessing structural conditions. Traditional non‐contact measurement technologies often struggle to accurately measure tiny crack widths, especially in hard‐to‐access areas. To address these challenges, this study introduces an image‐based, handheld parallel laser line‐camera (PLLC) system designed for automated tiny crack localization and width measurement from multiple angles and safe distances. Established by processing parallel laser strips, the camera coordinate system addresses crack positioning and pixel scale distortion challenges typical in non‐perpendicular photography. The determined pixel scale enables accurate width measurement. An improved U‐Net model automatically identifies crack pixels, enhancing detection accuracy. Additionally, the newly developed Equal Area algorithm enables the sub‐pixel width measurement of tiny cracks. Comprehensive laboratory and field testing demonstrates the system's accuracy and feasibility across various conditions. This PLLC system achieves quantitative tiny crack detection in one shot, significantly enhancing the efficiency and utility of on‐site inspections.
Factors related to cough strength before tracheal extubation in post‐cardiac surgery patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lin Zheng , Chen Yuhong , Hong Liang , Chen Jing , Wu Zhongkang , Shen Xiao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTracheal extubation failure after cardiac surgery is associated with diminished cough strength, albeit the information on cough strength in post‐cardiac surgery patients is limited.AimTo investigate the cough strength in patients after cardiac surgery before tracheal extubation and the related influencing factors.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study was designed, with adherence to the STROBE guidelines. The participants were 528 patients undergoing open‐heart cardiac surgery who were admitted to the Cardio Surgical Centre in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, from August 2022 to September 2023. Cough peak flow (CPF) ≤60 L/min set as the cut‐off value for evaluating diminished cough strength before tracheal extubation. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyse the related influencing factors.ResultsThe mean CPF was 130.70 ± 50.58 L/min. A total of 76 (14.4%) patients exhibited a CPF of ≤60 L/min. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender (B = 14.266, t = 2.456, p = .014), inspiratory capacity (IC) (B = 0.013, t = 3.755, p < .001), preoperative CPF (B = 0.086, t = 3.903, p < .001), muscle strength (B = 12.423, t = 4.242, p < .001), preoperative exercise regimen (B = 16.716, t = 4.236, p < .001) and pain levels (B = −8.115, t = −5.794, p < .001) significantly contributed to cough strength.ConclusionsFemale gender, lower upper limb muscle strength, higher pain levels, lower preoperative CPF and IC, and the absence of systematic exercise were found to be associated with diminished cough strength.Relevance to Clinical PracticeCough strength provides important auxiliary data in extubation decision‐making. In addition, understanding its relevant factors can help identify the high‐risk group of tracheal extubation failure and can help provide a strong theoretical basis for the development of personalized interventions.
Effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions to prevent enteral nutrition intolerance in ICU patients: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Ni , Xu Yuan , Zhou Xinyi , Guo Shuli , Deng Haibo , Sun Jianhua , Liu Ying , Shao Manna , Ma Yufen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition is beneficial for improving the clinical outcomes of intensive care unit patients. However, enteral nutrition intolerance is a common complication in intensive care unit patients undergoing enteral nutrition.AimsWe aimed to assess the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions in preventing enteral nutrition intolerance in intensive care unit patients and to identify the optimal non‐pharmacological interventions.Study DesignSeven databases were searched to obtain randomized controlled trials involving non‐pharmacological interventions to prevent enteral nutrition intolerance in intensive care unit patients. Network meta‐analysis was performed using Stata18.0 software, and the integrated data were investigated with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsA total of 16 randomized controlled trials involving 10 non‐pharmacological interventions and 1765 intensive care unit patients were included. Compared with routine enteral nutrition care, network meta‐analysis showed that bundled care [OR = 0.93, 95% CI (0.32–1.53)] (p = .003), intra‐abdominal pressure monitoring [OR = 1.68, 95%CI (1.19–2.16)] (p < .001), acupuncture [OR = 2.69, 95%CI (1.64–3.73)] (p < .001), pectin‐added intermittent enteral nutrition [OR = 1.13, 95%CI (0.48–1.77)] (p = .001), multidisciplinary nutritional treatment model [OR = 1.98, 95%CI (0.87–3.10)] (p < .001), abdominal massage [OR = 2.42, 95%CI (1.50–3.34)] (p < .001) and intermittent feeding with semisolid nutrients [OR = 2.08, 95%CI (0.19–3.97)] (p = .031) were effective in preventing enteral nutrition intolerance in intensive care unit patients. The ranking probabilities of the interventions indicated that acupuncture (89.4%) was the optimal non‐pharmacological intervention for preventing enteral nutrition intolerance in intensive care unit patients, followed by abdominal massage (83.4%).ConclusionsAcupuncture and abdominal massage are recommended to prevent enteral nutrition intolerance in intensive care unit patients. Moreover, more high‐quality trials are needed to investigate the reliability of evidence levels for different non‐pharmacological interventions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study provided evidence for intensive care nurses that acupuncture is the optimal intervention to improve enteral nutrition intolerance in intensive care unit patients among the 10 interventions. However, unique clinical circumstances should be considered. Therefore, we recommend that intensive care nurses also use abdominal massage when acupuncture is not available.
Recurrent peripheral intravenous catheterization in neonates: A case series
Authors: Hall Stephanie , Larsen Emily , Cobbald Linda , Marsh Nicole , McLaughlin Linda , Takashima Mari , Ware Robert S. , Ulman Amanda , August Deanne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNeonatal peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) can be difficult to insert, often requiring multiple attempts, with each attempt causing pain and delaying treatment. The aim of this study was describe the clinical characteristics of neonates requiring multiple PIVCs during hospitalization. A secondary case series of neonates requiring three or more PIVCs during their admission were identified from a cohort admitted to an Australian Neonatal Unit between October 2020 and February 2021. Data were collected at PIVC insertion and removal; with variables including patient characteristics (weight, gestational age, acuity) and device characteristics (treatment indication, location), and outcomes (completion of treatment or failure). Outcomes are reported descriptively. In total, 19 of 248 (7.6%) neonates received three or more PIVCs (n = 101 PIVCs). Median gestation and weight were 26.6 weeks (interquartile‐range [IQR] 24.6–28.6 weeks) and 728 grams (IQR 640‐1050 g), respectively; all neonates required intensive care admission. The most common anatomical location was the hand (41.5%, n = 42). The maximum number of PIVCs required by a single patient was 12. The median dwell time was 49 h (IQR 35.0–73.5 h), with maximum dwell 263 h. In total, 57% (n=58/101 PIVCs) failed from complications, and 58% (n=59) of failed PIVCs required re‐insertion. Despite common clinician perceptions that large babies require more PIVCs, our results found extremely low birth weight babies required frequent cannulation, with many PIVCs failing prior to treatment completion. There is a need for further investigation regarding decision‐making, advanced inserter skills and optimization of alternate vascular access device selection for this vulnerable population. Clinical teams caring for neonates, particularly those of low birth weight and/or gestation, are recommended to take extra time considering the device they choose to insert, and the inserting clinicians. The aim of these recommendations is to reduce the number of treatment failures and device complications causing preventable treatment delays and ongoing injuries in neonatal critical care.
Multiple, Single Trait GWAS and Supervised Machine Learning Reveal the Genetic Architecture of Fraxinus excelsior Tolerance to Ash Dieback in Europe
Authors: Doonan James M. , Budde Katharina B. , Kosawang Chatchai , Lobo Albin , Verbylaite Rita , Brealey Jaelle C. , Martin Michael D. , Pliura Alfas , Thomas Kristina , Konrad Heino , Seegmüller Stefan , Liziniewicz Mateusz , Cleary Michelle , Nemesio‐Gorriz Miguel , Fussi Barbara , Kirisits Thomas , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Heuertz Myriam , Kjær Erik Dahl , Nielsen Lene Rostgaard 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCommon ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is under intensive attack from the invasive alien pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, causing ash dieback at epidemic levels throughout Europe. Previous studies have found significant genetic variation among genotypes in ash dieback susceptibility and that host phenology, such as autumn yellowing, is correlated with susceptibility of ash trees to H. fraxineus; however, the genomic basis of ash dieback tolerance in F. excelsior requires further investigation. Here, we integrate quantitative genetics based on multiple replicates and genome‐wide association analyses with machine learning to reveal the genetic architecture of ash dieback tolerance and of phenological traits in F. excelsior populations in six European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Lithuania, Sweden). Based on phenotypic data of 486 F. excelsior replicated genotypes we observed negative genotypic correlations between crown damage caused by ash dieback and intensity of autumn leaf yellowing within multiple sampling sites. Our results suggest that the examined traits are polygenic and using genomic prediction models, with ranked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on GWAS associations as input, a large proportion of the variation was predicted by unlinked SNPs. Based on 100 unlinked SNPs, we can predict 55% of the variation in disease tolerance among genotypes (as phenotyped in genetic trials), increasing to a maximum of 63% when predicted from 9155 SNPs. In autumn leaf yellowing, 52% of variation is predicted by 100 unlinked SNPs, reaching a peak of 72% using 3740 SNPs. Based on feature permutations within genomic prediction models, a total of eight nonsynonymous SNPs linked to ash dieback crown damage and autumn leaf yellowing (three and five SNPs, respectively) were identified, these were located within genes related to plant defence (pattern triggered immunity, pathogen detection) and phenology (regulation of flowering and seed maturation, auxin transport). We did not find an overlap between genes associated with crown damage level and autumn leaf yellowing. Hence, our results shed light on the difference in the genomic basis of ADB tolerance and autumn leaf yellowing despite these two traits being correlated in quantitative genetic analysis. Overall, our methods show the applicability of genomic prediction models when combined with GWAS to reveal the genomic architecture of polygenic disease tolerance enabling the identification of ash dieback tolerant trees for breeding or conservation purposes.
A Retrospective Review of Oral N‐Acetylcysteine for Habit‐Driven Cutaneous Disorders
Authors: Zarowin Diana H. , Buros Stein Amy , Sheppard Sarah E. , Treat James R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOral N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has shown efficacy for debilitating habit‐driven and neuropsychiatric disorders in small, mostly adult studies. We retrospectively evaluated the therapeutic use and safety of oral NAC in 93 children from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. This study supports the use of oral NAC for habit‐driven skin, hair, and nail abnormalities in pediatric patients.
Health‐Promoting Behaviors and Its Relationship With Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support Among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Alharbi Abdulhafith , Alkubati Sameer A. , Alshahrani Yousef , Pasay‐an Eddieson , Alshara Ammar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the levels and determinants of health‐promoting behaviors (HPBs) and their correlations between HPBs, anxiety, depression, and social support among nursing students.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional, correlational study was performed from March to June 2024 with 268 nursing students in the College of Nursing at the University of Hail using a self‐structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and multiple stepwise regression.ResultsThe mean score of nursing students on the HPLP‐II scale was 2.60 ± 0.47 overall, with the spiritual growth subscale scoring the highest (3.05 ± 056) and physical activity scoring the lowest (2.25 ± 0.75). More than a quarter of the students were classified into the borderline range for anxiety (28.4%) and depression (26.9%). In comparison, 19.4% and 16% of the students experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. There were significant weak negative correlations between the HPBs and anxiety (r = −0.396; p < 0.001) and between social support and anxiety (r = −0.335; p < 0.001). Likewise, there were significant weak negative correlations between HPBs and depression (r = −0.343; p < 0.001) and between social support and depression (r = −0.313; p < 0.001). In contrast, significant weak positive correlations were observed between HPBs and social support (r = 0.354; p < 0.001) and between anxiety and depression (r = 0.380; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting HPBs, anxiety, depression, and social support showed that the model was significant for all (p = 0.026, p = 0.005, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively).ConclusionAlthough students reported a satisfactory level of HPBs, especially for spiritual growth and social relations, nutrition and physical activity require attention. The presence of anxiety and depression affected a substantial proportion of the students, especially those from lower socioeconomic status, and studying in the early years of the study. Family income, occupation, and education level have been reported to have a significant impact on health outcomes.