bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbial carbohydrate metabolism contributes to insulin resistance
Authors: Takeuchi Tadashi , Kubota Tetsuya , Nakanishi Yumiko , Tsugawa Hiroshi , Suda Wataru , Kwon Andrew Tae-Jun , Yazaki Junshi , Ikeda Kazutaka , Nemoto Shino , Mochizuki Yoshiki , Kitami Toshimori , Yugi Katsuyuki , Mizuno Yoshiko , Yamamichi Nobutake , Yamazaki Tsutomu , Takamoto Iseki , Kubota Naoto , Kadowaki Takashi , Arner Erik , Carninci Piero , Ohara Osamu , Arita Makoto , Hattori Masahira , Koyasu Shigeo , Ohno Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInsulin resistance is the primary pathophysiology underlying metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes1,2. Previous metagenomic studies have described the characteristics of gut microbiota and their roles in metabolizing major nutrients in insulin resistance3–9. In particular, carbohydrate metabolism of commensals has been proposed to contribute up to 10% of the host’s overall energy extraction10, thereby playing a role in the pathogenesis of obesity and prediabetes3,4,6. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigate this relationship using a comprehensive multi-omics strategy in humans. We combine unbiased faecal metabolomics with metagenomics, host metabolomics and transcriptomics data to profile the involvement of the microbiome in insulin resistance. These data reveal that faecal carbohydrates, particularly host-accessible monosaccharides, are increased in individuals with insulin resistance and are associated with microbial carbohydrate metabolisms and host inflammatory cytokines. We identify gut bacteria associated with insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity that show a distinct pattern of carbohydrate metabolism, and demonstrate that insulin-sensitivity-associated bacteria ameliorate host phenotypes of insulin resistance in a mouse model. Our study, which provides a comprehensive view of the host–microorganism relationships in insulin resistance, reveals the impact of carbohydrate metabolism by microbiota, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating insulin resistance.
Epitope editing enables targeted immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Casirati Gabriele , Cosentino Andrea , Mucci Adele , Salah Mahmoud Mohammed , Ugarte Zabala Iratxe , Zeng Jing , Ficarro Scott B. , Klatt Denise , Brendel Christian , Rambaldi Alessandro , Ritz Jerome , Marto Jarrod A. , Pellin Danilo , Bauer Daniel E. , Armstrong Scott A. , Genovese Pietro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the considerable efficacy observed when targeting a dispensable lineage antigen, such as CD19 in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia1,2, the broader applicability of adoptive immunotherapies is hampered by the absence of tumour-restricted antigens3–5. Acute myeloid leukaemia immunotherapies target genes expressed by haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) or differentiated myeloid cells, resulting in intolerable on-target/off-tumour toxicity. Here we show that epitope engineering of donor HSPCs used for bone marrow transplantation endows haematopoietic lineages with selective resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells or monoclonal antibodies, without affecting protein function or regulation. This strategy enables the targeting of genes that are essential for leukaemia survival regardless of shared expression on HSPCs, reducing the risk of tumour immune escape. By performing epitope mapping and library screenings, we identified amino acid changes that abrogate the binding of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting FLT3, CD123 and KIT, and optimized a base-editing approach to introduce them into CD34+ HSPCs, which retain long-term engraftment and multilineage differentiation ability. After CAR T cell treatment, we confirmed resistance of epitope-edited haematopoiesis and concomitant eradication of patient-derived acute myeloid leukaemia xenografts. Furthermore, we show that multiplex epitope engineering of HSPCs is feasible and enables more effective immunotherapies against multiple targets without incurring overlapping off-tumour toxicities. We envision that this approach will provide opportunities to treat relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia and enable safer non-genotoxic conditioning.
Association of driving while intoxicated and suicide ideation and attempts in South Korea: a study in a nationally representative sample
Authors: Kim Namwoo , Lee Jieun , Hahm Bong-Jin , Yang Bo Ram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEvidence indicating driving as a means for suicide has been consistently reported. However, there have been few reported studies examining the association between driving while intoxicated (DWI) and suicide. We aimed to investigate the associations between DWI and suicide ideation and suicide attempts taking into account the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption. This cross-sectional study used data from semi-structured, face-to-face interviews conducted with a nationally representative sample of the Korea Community Health Survey in 2009, 2013, and 2017. The study included 267,457 adult participants who drank alcohol at least once and had driven a motor vehicle at least once in the preceding year. The DWI group comprised participants who had driven under the influence of alcohol at least once in the preceding year. The associations between DWI and suicide ideation and suicide attempts were examined using a logistic regression model, adjusting for the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption and history of depressive episodes in the preceding year. The role of DWI as a risk factor for suicide was also examined in an analysis stratified by the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption. The DWI group included 39,062 (14.6%) subjects, who were at higher risk for suicide ideation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.91; 95% CI 1.81–2.01) and suicide attempts (aOR = 1.56; 1.27–1.92) than those not involved in DWI. Increased risks of suicide ideation and suicide attempts were observed in most strata in the stratified analysis. People who engage in DWI may have an increased risk of suicide ideation and suicide attempts; this relationship was generally observed regardless of the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption.
Downregulated APOD and FCGR2A correlates with immune infiltration and lipid-induced symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ran Yamei , Wu Kangqi , Hu Chenglin , Liang Renzheng , Zhang Li , Xiao Juan , Peng Yongmei , Sun Wenjing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFat intake is among the most significant triggers for symptom development in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nevertheless, long-term restriction in fatty foods ingestion may lead to nutritional inadequacies. This study aimed to identify the crucial genes involved in lipid-induced gastrointestinal symptoms, contributing to helping IBS patients regulate fat. The clinical characteristics of the subjects were collected by questionnaire investigation and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and signaling pathways were analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. ImmuInfiltration and CIBERSORT packages evaluated small intestine immune cell infiltration. Random forest and SVM-RFE algorithms were used to select hub genes. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to access the diagnostic significance of each hub gene. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify hub genes’ molecular processes in IBS development after lipid infusion. IBS patients’ risk, severity, and quality of life increased with fat intake. In total, 116 robust DEGs were identified in IBS patients after lipid infusion using the GSE166869 dataset and were mainly clustered in the immune and inflammatory pathways. IBS patients had greater Neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and M1 Macrophages than healthy controls. Furthermore, infiltration levels of Neutrophils and resting memory CD4+ T cells were inversely related to the expression of hub genes (IGKV1D-43, IGKV1-12, APOD, FCGR2A and IGKV2-29). After lipid infusion, GSEA results of each hub gene indicated the relevance of proinflammatory pathways in IBS pathogenesis. After verification, only APOD and FCGR2A were stably downregulated in small intestinal mucosa and plasma of IBS patients. The area under the curve of APOD combined with FCGR2A expression was 0.9. APOD and FCGR2A may be promising biomarkers for IBS diagnosis and lipid-sensitive IBS patients. Their potential roles in the immune microenvironment of the small intestinal mucosa may provide a vital clue to IBS precision therapy.
Modifications in ocular microperfusion after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Wolpers Anne Caroline , Welchowski Thomas , Sedaghat Alexander , Wintergerst Maximilian W. M. , Al-Kassou Baravan , Finger Robert P. , Terheyden Jan Henrik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCerebral embolization is a known complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) but the effect of the procedure on the ocular perfusion is currently unclear. Thus, we investigated post-procedural morphologic and perfusion changes of the retina and choroid, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and color fundus photography (CFP) in a prospective cohort study. Ophthalmic examinations were conducted pre- and post-TAVI. OCTA images were analyzed quantitatively based on vessel density and skeleton density of the superficial and deep retinal plexus as well as the signal intensity and flow deficits in the choriocapillaris. CFP images were assessed for presence of acute retinal ischemia, optic nerve swelling, vessel emboli, hemorrhages and cotton wool spots. Data was analyzed using linear mixed models. Twenty patients (9 women; 11 men) at a mean age of 81 ± 6 years were included. Pre- and post-interventional ocular imaging data were available for 32 eyes. The analysis revealed a significant impairment of the choriocapillaris perfusion after TAVI with an increased proportion of flow deficits (p = 0.044). When controlling for blood pressure, the average size of choriocapillaris flow voids was significantly increased (systolic and diastolic, p = 0.039 and 0.029). Qualitatively, focal areas of retinal ischemia were detected on OCTA in 33% of participants. Silent emboli or cotton wool spots were identified on CFP in 21%. Our findings indicate a reduced choroidal perfusion as well as areas of retinal ischemia and embolization in a considerable proportion of patients following TAVI. Pending confirmation in a larger sample, these complications merit monitoring as well as inclusion in consent procedures for TAVI.
Impact of weak radiofrequency and static magnetic fields on key signaling molecules, intracellular pH, membrane potential, and cell growth in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells
Authors: Gurhan Hakki , Barnes Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere are substantial concerns that extended exposures to weak radiofrequency (RF) fields can lead to adverse health effects. In this study, HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells were simultaneously exposed to a static magnetic flux density between 10 $$\mathrm{\mu T}$$

μ
T

and 300 $$\mathrm{\mu T}$$

μ
T

and RF magnetic fields with amplitudes ranging from 1 nT to 1.5 μT in the frequency range from 1.8 to 7.2 MHz for four days. Cell growth rates, intracellular pH, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium were measured. Results were dependent on carrier frequency and the magnitude of the RF magnetic field, modulation frequencies and the background static magnetic field (SMF). Iron sulphur (Fe-S) clusters are essential for the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). We believe the observed changes are associated with hyperfine couplings between the chemically active electrons and nuclear spins. Controlling external magnetic fields may have important clinical implications on aging, cancer, arthritis, and Alzheimer’s.
Large-eddy simulation of vortex-excited force on a square cylinder with transverse wind fluctuations
Authors: Du Huanhuan , Fan Zikai , He Wei , Yang Zheguang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study utilized 3D Large-eddy simulation to investigate the crosswind drag force on a square cylinder subjected to transverse wind fluctuation. Two distinct methods were employed to generate the fluctuation: a prescribed sine function at the inlet boundary and an upwind barrier. The frequency was normalized in the same Strouhal number form. The transverse wind fluctuation with a normalized frequency above 0.05 tends to excite the square cylinder transversely with the same frequency band. The frequency effect also exists on the square cylinder located downwind an obstacle half the square cylinder’s size. However, an obstacle 2.5 times the size of the square cylinder generates a cross-wind fluctuation with the normalized frequency of 0.04, which cannot excite the square cylinder transversely. The frequency effect from the upwind barrier significantly dampens with the distance and disappears at 8–10 times the square cylinder size.
Disease of the equine posterior segment
Authors: Cutler T. J. , Brooks D. E. , Andrew S. E. , Denis H. M. , Biros D. J. , Gelatt K. N. , Komaromy A. M. , Kallberg M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe appearance of the equine fundus is reviewed from the perspective of differentiating normal variations from disease, and the descriptions have been updated to include recently published ocular fundic abnormalities. Most pathological lesions are identified near the optic nerve head, and typically involve depigmentation or hyperpigmentation. Depending upon configuration and appearance, linear pigmented bands may reflect the course of the vortex veins, the transition from tapetal to nontapetal fundus, or indicate chorioretinitis or equine motor neuron disease. Choroidal vasculature is readily apparent in color‐dilute (subalbinotic) horses and must be differentiated from hemorrhage. Retinal hemorrhages in foals are common and may occur independently to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Retinal cysts may signal more significant disease in the eye such as anterior segment dysgenesis. Prominence of gray or tan‐colored material on or near the optic nerve head may represent traumatic optic neuropathy, benign optic neuropathy, proliferative optic neuropathy or actual neoplasia.
Rose bengal positive epithelial microerosions as a manifestation of equine keratomycosis
Authors: Brooks D. E. , Andrew S. E. , Denis H. M. , Strubbe D. T. , Biros D. J. , Cutler T. J. , Samuelson D. A. , Gelatt K. N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract Purpose To describe the clinical appearance of corneal epithelial cell microerosions associated with keratomycosis in the horse. Methods Retrospective clinical study. Results Multifocal, punctate, superficial corneal opacities with positive rose bengal retention were noted in six horses with presumed ‘viral keratitis’. Faint fluorescein staining was also present in three cases. Equine herpesvirus tissue culture inoculation was negative for a cytopathic effect in three cases. Aspergillus (n= 3), Curvularia (n= 1), and an unidentified fungus (n= 1) were cultured in five horses, and hyphae found on corneal cytology from the sixth. Mixed bacterial infections were present in three eyes. The eyes of two horses with Aspergillus progressed to deep melting corneal ulcers that required surgical therapy. The microerosions remained superficial, but persistent in the other four eyes. Natamycin was utilized topically in all six horses. Transmission electron microscopy from case 6 revealed mucin layer disruption, an intact corneal epithelial cell layer, and fungal attachment to degenerating epithelial cells. The visual outcome was positive in all six horses, although healing was prolonged (48.5 ± 14.5 days on average in the horses with no surgery; 62 days on average in the two horses that required surgery). Conclusions Complete removal or full‐thickness penetration of the corneal epithelial cell barrier may not be necessary to allow fungal adherence and initiation of keratomycosis in the horse. Prior to colonization and invasion of the horse cornea, fungi may induce changes in the mucin layer of the tear film that result in or are associated with rose bengal positive microerosions of the superficial corneal epithelium. Horses with painful eyes, and eyes with superficial, multifocal corneal opacities should have their corneas stained with both fluorescein and rose bengal as fungal microerosions may stain weakly, or not at all, with fluorescein, and may thus be mistaken for presumed ‘viral keratitis’ of the horse.
Developmental anomalies and abnormalities of the equine iris
Authors: Crispin Sheila M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe iris is derived from interaction between neural crest tissue and the adjacent neuroectoderm of the optic cup. Developmental anomalies of the equine iris are common, and include congenital miosis, iris cysts, various manifestations of iris hypoplasia, heterochromia, and persistent pupillary membrane remnants. They may be found alone or in combination with other ocular defects.
Practical usefulness of a therapeutic soft contact lens for a corneal ulcer in a racehorse
Authors: Wada Shinya , Yoshinari Masanobu , Mizuno Yutaka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTherapeutic soft contact lenses (TSCL) were applied to a thoroughbred racehorse with corneal ulcer refractory to topical medication. The insertion of the TSCL was conducted on day 36 using a nose twitch under sedation, auriculopalpebral nerve block, and topical anesthesia. The lens was retained, with the duration of wear lasting 114 days. Ocular pain improved immediately and fluorescein tests were negative 17 days after insertion. The horse was able to undergo training and ran in two races while wearing the TSCL. Thus a TSCL was found to be clinically useful for treating corneal ulcers in racehorses.
Evaluation and Comparison of Citalopram and Venlafaxine for
Management of Hot Flashes in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Taleghani Sasan Yaghoobi , Etesam Farnaz , Esfandbod Mohsen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide.
Premature menopause and hot flashes are the main complications of breast cancer
treatments. About 40 to 50 percent of breast cancer women who undergo
chemotherapy are experiencing premature menopause symptoms, including hot
flashes. Some endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are
associated with induction or aggravating hot flashes. Hot flashes are often
debilitating and significantly impair daily functions. Therefore many
therapeutic options have been studied so far for the management of this adverse
effect. However, there are still some clinical challenges in managing hot
flashes in patients with breast cancer.
Objective We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of venlafaxine and
citalopram on hot flashes in breast cancer women receiving tamoxifen.
Design We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in forty-one,
35 to 65 years old female patients. The study lasted for four weeks, and the
follow-up was for two months. Venlafaxine and citalopram treatments started with
doses of 37.5 mg or 10 mg, respectively. Venlafaxine and
citalopram dosages were increased in the second week to 75 and 20 mg,
respectively. The study was conducted during the year 2017.
Key Results The results indicated that the total efficacy was
significantly different in groups receiving citalopram, venlafaxine, and
placebo. Total efficacy in the placebo group, venlafaxine, and citalopram was
14.3, 53.8, and 64.3%, respectively (p=0.02). During the second
week, the efficacy in groups receiving citalopram, venlafaxine, and placebo was
57.1, 53.8, and 14.3%, respectively (p=0.04). Generally, both
citalopram and venlafaxine were well tolerated. The associated adverse effects
were mild to moderate in both groups.
Conclusions Although citalopram was associated with more adverse effects,
including constipation, it was more effective in reducing the frequency of hot
flashes when compared to venlafaxine or placebo.
Beyond Borders: A Global Microsurgery Training and Case Exposure Survey
Authors: Chang Chad , Jones Christopher , Berner Juan Enrique , Ragbir Maniram , Ahmed Omar A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Microsurgery is essential in modern reconstructive surgery and plastic surgery training. Surgeon's proficiency and experience are crucial for effective microsurgical interventions. Despite anecdotal evidence of varying quality of microsurgery training globally, no empirical studies have investigated this. We conducted a global survey to investigate microsurgical training and clinical case exposure among plastic surgery trainees worldwide.
Methods An online survey was conducted using a secure platform to gather information on microsurgical case exposure and training among plastic surgery trainees between August 2020 and April 2021. Participants provided consent and completed a 37-question survey across four themes: clinical caseload, surgical exposure to microsurgery, microsurgical simulation training exposure, and barriers and opportunities.
Results A total of 202 responses were received, with most respondents in formal training programs (86.7%). The data highlighted regional variation in microsurgery case indications and flap types, with North America and Europe exhibiting the highest activity levels in microsurgery. Trainees in Asia have the highest cumulative practical exposure in microsurgery, followed by Australia and Oceania, and North America. Only 39.6% of respondents reported formal microsurgical simulation training, and almost one-third (29.7%) received no simulation training. Trainee access to practical experience is limited by several factors, including insufficient time and procedure complexity. Notably, practical experience was most commonly denied without reason being given.
Conclusion Our study highlights significant disparities in microsurgical training and exposure among plastic surgery trainees globally. Further research is needed to identify strategies for addressing these issues, given the growing demand for complex reconstructive microsurgery and its impact on health care inequalities.