bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards high-performance polyesters from carbon dioxide: novel polyhydroxyarylates from engineered Cupriavidus necator
Authors: Averesch Nils , Vince Vince , Kracke Frauke , Ziesack Marika , Nangle Shannon , Waymouth Robert , Criddle Craig 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Synthetic materials are integral components of consumable and durable goods and are indispensable in the modern world. Polyesters are the most versatile bulk- and specialty-polymers but their production is not sustainable and their fate at end-of-life is of great concern. Bioplastics are highly regarded alternatives but often fall behind conventional synthetic plastics due to shortcomings in material properties and commercial competitiveness. This has limited the success of sustainable replacements at global market scale. Enabling production of bioplastics with superior properties from waste-derived feedstocks could change that. To this end, we created a synthetic entry into the metabolic pathway of bio-polyester synthesis of Cupriavidus necator H16 by means of heterologous hydroxyacyl-CoA transferase and mutant PHA synthase. The resulting microbial cell factories produced a range of aliphatic and aromatic bio-polyesters and enabled co-polymerization of a range of hydroxy carboxylates, including a hydroxyphenylic and a hydroxyfuranoic acid, for the first time incorporating aromatic rings in the backbone of biological polyesters. These diverse polymers were then characterized in terms of their physical properties. The resulting polymers were structurally analogous to synthetic polyesters like PET, PEF and other polyarylates. In a further advance, the transgenic strain was cultivated in a bio-electrochemical system under autotrophic conditions, enabling synthesis of aromatic bio-polyesters from in-situ generated O2, while assimilating CO2. Follow-up elementary flux-mode analysis established the feasibility of de-novo production of twenty different polyesters from five different carbon- and energy-sources. This comprehensive study opens the door to sustainable bio-production of various high-performance thermoplastics and thermosets.
Correlation of Fitzpatrick Skin Type and Iris Color with Tumor Size in 823 patients with Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Agrawal Kushal , Barke Matthew , Chiang Lawrence , Ni Roselind , Kim Rachel , Zhang Qiang (Ed) , Shields Carol 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: To determine the correlation of Fitzpatrick Skin Type (FST) and iris color with tumor size (tumor thickness and basal diameter) in patients with uveal melanoma.
Methods: Retrospective cohort from a single ocular oncology center of 823 patients with uveal melanoma and documented FST, iris color, and tumor size. Patients were classified into FST (type I, II, and III-V) and iris color (blue, green, and brown) on the basis of external facial photography. There were no FST type VI patients. Tumor thickness was classified into small [<3 millimeter (mm)], medium (3.1-8.0 mm), or large (>8.0 mm), and basal diameter into small (<10 mm), medium (10.1-15 mm) or large (>15mm). The correlation of FST and iris color with tumor thickness and basal diameter was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis H test.
Results: The FST classification was type I (n=92, 11%), type II (n=643, 78%), or III-V (n=88, 11%), and iris color was blue (n=472, 57%), green (n=102, 12%), or brown (n=249, 30%). A comparison of FST revealed differences in mean tumor thickness (p= 0.04) and basal diameter (p=0.006). Iris color showed no difference for mean tumor thickness (p=0.41) or basal diameter (p=0.48). There was a difference with brown iris color relative to FST III-V for mean tumor thickness (p=0.003) and basal diameter (p=0.001) but no difference with blue or green iris color (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Iris color alone showed no difference in tumor size, but those with brown iris color and FST type III-V demonstrated larger tumor thickness and basal diameter.
Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Electro-hydraulic 3-UPS/S Parallel Stabilized Platform
Authors: yuan xiaoming , Wang Weiqi , Pang Haodong , Zhang Lijie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

With the development of fluid power transmission and control and control technology, using electro-hydraulic driven can significantly improve the load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and control accuracy of the stabilization platforms. However, compared to mechanical driven, electro-hydraulic driven parallel stabilization platform needs to consider the stiffness and damping of the fluid, as well as the coupling effect between the fluid and the structure, making the modal and dynamic response characteristics of the mechanism more complex. Aiming at the above problems, taking the electro-hydraulic driven 3-UPS/S parallel stable platform as the research object, considering the hinge stiffness, the vibration characteristic equation of the mechanism was established by using the virtual work principle. Then the variation characteristics of natural frequency and vibration response with the position of mechanism were analyzed basing on the dynamic equation. Finally, the correctness of the model was verified by modal test and Runge-Kutta methods. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the dynamic design of electro-hydraulic driven parallel mechanisms.
Study on quality of abrasive suspension jet cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastic
Authors: Li Liucan , Xiao Nanzhe , Guo Chuwen , Wang Fengchao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are widely used in many fields such as aerospace, nuclear reactors, automobiles, ships, and so on, due to their excellent mechanical and thermophysical properties. However, the cutting of CFRP with traditional cutting tools has many problems, such as tool wear, section delamination, large thermal stress zones, and poor surface roughness. As a precision cold cutting technology, abrasive suspension jet (ASJ) can effectively overcome these problems. In this paper, ASJ is used to cut various commonly-used CFRP, and the delamination, surface roughness, average inclination angle, and upper edge collapse of the cutting surfaces are analyzed by ultra-depth-of-field optical microscope. The effects of jet parameters upon the cutting quality of various CFRP are studied. The results demonstrated that an improved machining quality can be obtained for CFRP composites with a resin content of 33%, a carbon fiber content of 175 g/m2, and a ply direction of 0/45/90° or 0/90° by using ASJ with a standoff distance of 1 mm, a jet pressure of 20-30 MPa, and a feed speed of 30 mm/min.
Determination of surface roughness of micro rods fabricated by reverse μEDM using dimensional analysis
Authors: Pratap Suresh , Datta Somak , Sharma Vinay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Reverse micro electrical discharge machining (reverse µEDM) is becoming more popular as a novel method for creating array microelectrodes with a high aspect ratio without profile restrictions. Surface roughness is an essential quality characteristic or parameter determining the product's final shape and is more determinant when the size of the product is small. The objective of this work is to create a mathematical model based on dimensional analysis that uses Buckingham's µ-theorem to quantify the surface roughness of microrods. Surface roughness has been explored through experiments based on the Taguchi design, considering the process parameters such as voltage, feed, capacitance, flushing pressure, and material properties (thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, melting temperature, and specific heat). The surface roughness of tungsten carbide (WC) micro rods increases by approx. 58% when the capacitance increases from 10nF to 100nF. FESEM is used to analyze the crater size variation of WC micro rods. The surface roughness predicted by dimensional analysis supports the experimental results with an error of 3.45%.
Enhancement of the classification and recovery process of fine mineral particles via a newly developed volute feed hydrocyclone
Authors: Lv Wenjie , Wei Qi , Ji Yujie , Liu Bing , Ma Hongpeng , Huang Yuan , Huang Haitao , Wang Hualin , Fu Peng Bo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ore resources in the mining process form a large number of unmanageable tailings, mostly inhalable fine mineral particles, into the environment will cause serious pollution, and recycling is a precious resource. The cyclone classification provides the possibility for the recovery and exploitation of fine particles, but the recovery and utilization rate of conventional cyclone separation is seriously low, and the performance urgently should be optimized. In the present study, a new type of volute feed was proposed to strengthen the classification and recovery process of fine mineral particles. Combined with numerical simulation and experimental research, the effects of various structural parameters and operating parameters on the flow field distribution, particle motion, and classification performance were systematically examined.The obtained results reveal that the new volute feed structure can effectively reduce the internal turbulence and improve the flow field stability and particle classification efficiency. Compared with the traditional hydrocyclone, the classification efficiency of fine particles with new feed structure increases by 10%-18%. Increasing underflow diameter and feed pressure and reducing overflow diameter and feed concentration are also beneficial to lessening classification particle size and enhancing classification performance. The currently achieved outcomes can provide valuable guidelines for further development of novel hydrocyclones.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations and potential health risks in chicken doner kebabs cooked with different fat contents and cooking methods
Authors: Karslioglu Betul , Kolsarıcı Nuray 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chicken doner kebab is a meat product widely consumed worldwide and has a significant market share. However, this substance is very vulnerable to contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which may threaten human health. This study detected eight PAHs (BcFE, CPcdP, BaP, BaA, Chry, 5 MC, BghiP, and DahA) in doner samples, and a methodology for the evaluation of these contaminants by high-performance liquid chromatography was validated. In chicken doner samples made with various cooking techniques (gas, charcoal, or electric), variable fat concentrations (low-fat/ LF or high-fat/ HF), and varied doneness degrees, the presence of 16 PAHs and probability health concerns were studied (medium and well-done). According to the results, the most abundant PAH compound in chicken doner samples was benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), measured in the range of 54.50-158.70 μg/kg. BaP and PAH 4 concentrations varied between nd-5.92 and 54.50-145.90 μg/kg, respectively. The results revealed that especially high-fat doner samples were hazardous regarding PAH compounds diversity and concentrations. In addition, the estimated dietary exposure (EDI) of BaP was 0.9 to 3.00 ng/kg, and the EDI for PAH4 was 8.15 and 81.84 ng/kg. In all chicken doner kebabs, MOE was>10 000, indicating a common concern for the population. The MOEs were >10 000 in all chicken doner groups and all age groups (female and male), indicating a low concern for the Turkish population.
Temporal change in phytoplankton diversity and functional group composition
Authors: Carvalho Josie Antonucci Di , Rönn Lena , Prins Theo , Hillebrand Helmut 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One of the key challenges in managing eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems is the harmonized cross-border assessment of phytoplankton. Some general understanding of the consequences of shifting nutrient regimes can be derived from the detailed investigation of the phytoplankton community and its biodiversity. Here, we combined long-term monitoring datasets of German and Dutch coastal stations and amended these with additional information on species biomass. Across the integrated and harmonized data set, we used multiple biodiversity descriptors to analyse temporal trends in the Wadden Sea phytoplankton. Biodiversity, measured as the number of species (S) and the effective number of species (ENS), has decreased in the Dutch stations over the last 20 years, while biomass has increased, indicating that fewer species are becoming more dominant in the system. However, biodiversity and biomass did not show substantial changes in the German stations. Although there were some differences in trends between countries, shifts in community composition and relative abundance were consistent across stations and time. Through a multi-metric approach to biodiversity and species biomass analysis, we have been able to gain a better understanding of changes in the Wadden Sea over the last 20 years. We emphasise the importance of continuous and harmonised monitoring programmes that can detect changes in the communities that are indicative of changes in the environment.
New Consideration of the Skin Effect in Electrodynamics
Authors: Maslov Sergey , Maslov Iurii , Maslov Dmitry 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The article proposes an approach to solving the normal skin effect problem based on integral equations derived directly from Ampère's circuital law, Faraday's law of induction and Kirchhoff's circuit laws, in contrast to modern solutions based on Maxwell's equations of electrodynamics in differential form. It is shown that the skin effect is mainly due to the electromotive force of the wire self-induction, which depends on the distance to the surface, and the influence of eddy currents is either very small or absent. New equations, their solutions and formulas for the total current and impedance are proposed for various technically significant cases immediately taking into account the inductance of the external space and in two versions: taking into account only the self-induction of the conductor; taking into account both self-induction and eddy currents. On the example of a solid cylinder, it is shown that, in accordance with the formulas of the existing approach itself, the current density on the surface of the wire does not increase with increasing frequency, as it is stated in words. It is shown that, in fact, the solutions of the existing concept are based not on eddy currents, but on the uneven distribution of elementary self-induction currents over depth and are completely equivalent to the variant of the presented solutions, taking into account only self-induction. Power balances were obtained without the introduction of a frequency-dependent active resistance to alternating current in two versions: based on the total current, voltage and average electromotive force of induction; based on the integration of the balance of specific powers over the entire volume of the wire. The physical meaning of the visual increase of the active resistance with increasing frequency is revealed, but certainly not on the basis of a decrease in the effective cross section of the wire. Based on the symmetry of the distribution of eddy currents, the assumption is made that they are absent in galvanically closed wires, but present in open wires such as antennas. An experiment was carried out with a negative result on the detection of the alleged thermal separation in the wire, an explanation for this was proposed.
Hypothyroidism and Mammary Cancer: Role of Peritumoral Adipose Tissue
Authors: Zyla Leila , Santiano Flavia Eliana , Bruna Flavia , Gómez Silvina , Cano Rocio , Maniero Mariángeles Ávila , Pietrobon Elisa , Ginevro Paula , Pistone-Creydt Virginia , Carón Rubén , López-Fontana Constanza 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To study the effects of HypoT on rat mammary tumor-associated adipose tissue and its ability to modify the biological behavior of breast cancer epithelial cells, we evaluated changes in the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and migration of tumorigenic (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and non-tumorigenic (MCF-10A) mammary cells incubated with the conditioned media from mammary adipose tissue (MAT-CMs) of HypoT and euthyroid (EUT) rats with and without mammary tumors. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 7, 12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracen (15mg/rat) at 55 days of age to induce mammary tumors and were divided at random in HypoT (0.01% 6-N-propyl-2-thiouracil in drinking water, n = 30) and EUT (tap water, n = 30). Fragments of MAT were incubated for 24 h with M199 medium, and MAT-CMs were collected. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A were incubated with non-tumor and tumor MAT-CMs, and viability, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and migration were quantified. Non-tumor MAT-CMs of HypoT rats favored apoptosis of MCF-10A; decreased the viability and adhesion of MCF-7; promoted proliferation, and decreased the adhesion of MDA-MB-231. Tumor MAT-CMs of HypoT rats stimulated proliferation in tumorigenic cells and inhibited apoptosis of MCF-10A. Non-tumor MAT-CMs of HypoT rats may protect against tumorigenesis while tumor MAT-CMs of HypoT may favor a more tumorigenic behavior of mammary tumor cells.
A new method for preparing anhydride grafted polypropylene with high grafting ratio by combining microwave reaction and reactive extrusion
Authors: Qiu Ziba , Li Xinru , Wu Hang , Zhao Shicheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) is an effective compatibilizer in the preparation of polypropylene composites. Its grafting ratio plays an important role in the dispersion of filler or blend in polypropylene (PP) matrix resin, but the grafting ratio of PP-g-MAH prepared by reactive extrusion is low. A method for preparing PP-g-MAH with high grafting ratio and low odor was proposed by combining microwave reaction and melt extrusion. The grafting ratio of the PP-g-MAH products obtained by this method without the assistance of comonomer reached 1.95%. The results of melt index and rheology showed that the crosslinking occurred during the preparation process, thus avoiding the large reduction of molecular weight of PP. Meanwhile, the problem of odor was avoided because no comonomer was added during the process. The application results showed that PP-g-MAH prepared by this method improves the compatibility of glass fiber (GF) and PP, thus improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene/glass fiber (PP/GF) composites. This work explored a novel way to prepare PP-g-MAH with high grafting ratio.
Boussinesq equation solved by the physics informed neural networks
Authors: Gao Ruozhou , Hu Wei , Fei Jinxi , Wu Hongyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Physics informed neural networks(PINNs) model is utilized to achieve the first and second order rogue wave solvers of the Boussinesq equation with different initial and boundary conditions. A new generalized loss term handling the initial first order derivate is included in the simulations to guarantee the high prediction accuracies in the adaptive PINNs(APINNs) and the gradient optimized PINNs(GPINNs) models, with a new regularization parameter being considered in the later case. Learned results with high precision are fulfilled in the large domain simulations by applying more collocation points and more weight parameters in the neural network architecture. The APINNs model currently can be made use of in more situations with high prediction accuracies, while the GPINNs model is more robust in the current research where the initial condition is distributed in the localized sharp areas. Parallel computing is carried out to get the mean relative L2-norm errors efficiently with the GPINNs model due to the random choosing of the simulation points during the training iterations.
Trends in Preterm birth in the Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia: a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study characterising trends and risk factors for premature birth
Authors: BROWN Kiarna , COTARU Carina , BINKS Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is the single most important cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the developed world. In Australia, 8.6% of babies are born preterm but there is substantial variability between States and Territories. Previous reports suggest PTB rates are highest in the Northern Territory (NT), but comprehensive analysis of trends and risk factors are lacking in this region.Methods: This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of all births documented in the in the Top End of the NT over the 10-year period from the 1st of January 2008 to 31st of December 2017. We described the overall prevalence of maternal characteristics, obstetric complications, delivery characteristics and the annual trends in PTB. The association between the characteristics and the risk of PTB risk was determined using univariate and multivariate generalised linear models producing risk ratios (RR) and adjusted RRs (aRR) respectively. Data were analysed overall, in First Nations and non-First Nations women.Results: During the decade ending in 2017, annual rates of PTB in the Top End of the NT remained consistently close to 10% of total live births. However, First Nations women experienced more than twice the risk of PTB (16%) compared to other women (7%). Leading risk factors for PTB included premature rupture of membranes (RR 12.33), multiple pregnancy (RR 7.24), antepartum haemorrhage (RR 4.36), and pre-existing diabetes (RR 4.18). These were much more common among First Nations women.Conclusions: First Nations women experience some of the highest PTB rates globally. Smoke exposure, socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and pregnancy complications are avenues for intervention, but the story is complex, and a deeper exploration is warranted. A holistic approach that also addresses key socio-demographic influences is required to improve perinatal outcomes.Trial registration: Not applicable