bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of lncRNA links endothelial glycocalyx to vascular dysfunction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Nukala Sarath Babu , Jousma Jordan , Yan Gege , Han Zhenbo , Kwon Youjeong , Cho Yoonje , Liu Chuyu , Gagnon Keith , Pinho Sandra , Rehman Jalees , Shao Ning-Yi , Ong Sang-Bing , Lee Won Hee , Ong Sang-Ging 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
Novel cancer therapies leading to increased survivorship of cancer patients have been negated by a concomitant rise in cancer therapies-related cardiovascular toxicities. Sunitinib, a first line multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to cause vascular dysfunction although the initiating mechanisms contributing to this side effect remain unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging regulators of biological processes in endothelial cells (ECs); however, their roles in cancer therapies-related vascular toxicities remain underexplored.

Methods and results
We performed lncRNA expression profiling to identify potential lncRNAs that are dysregulated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs (iPSC-ECs) treated with sunitinib. We show that the lncRNA hyaluronan synthase 2 antisense 1 (HAS2-AS1) is significantly diminished in sunitinib-treated iPSC-ECs. Sunitinib was found to down-regulate HAS2-AS1 by an epigenetic mechanism involving hypermethylation. Depletion of HAS2-AS1 recapitulated sunitinib-induced detrimental effects on iPSC-ECs, whereas CRISPR-mediated activation of HAS2-AS1 reversed sunitinib-induced dysfunction. We confirmed that HAS2-AS1 stabilizes the expression of its sense gene HAS2 via an RNA/mRNA heteroduplex formation. Knockdown of HAS2-AS1 led to reduced synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) and up-regulation of ADAMTS5, an enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation, resulting in disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx which is critical for ECs. In vivo, sunitinib-treated mice showed reduced coronary flow reserve, accompanied by a reduction in Has2os and degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx. Finally, we identified that treatment with high molecular-weight HA can prevent the deleterious effects of sunitinib both in vitro and in vivo by preserving the endothelial glycocalyx.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the importance of lncRNA-mediated regulation of the endothelial glycocalyx as an important determinant of sunitinib-induced vascular toxicity and reveal potential novel therapeutic avenues to attenuate sunitinib-induced vascular dysfunction.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported COVID-19 Exposure Risks, Concerns, and Behaviors Among Diverse Participants in the Women’s Health Initiative Study
Authors: Bennett Serenity J , Hunt Rebecca P , Breathett Khadijah , Eaton Charles B , Garcia Lorena , Jiménez Monik , Johns Tanya S , Mouton Charles P , Nassir Rami , Nuño Tomas , Urrutia Rachel P , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Cené Crystal W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Racial and ethnic disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk are well-documented; however, few studies in older adults have examined multiple factors related to COVID-19 exposure, concerns, and behaviors or conducted race- and ethnicity-stratified analyses. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) provides a unique opportunity to address those gaps.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of WHI data from a supplemental survey of 48 492 older adults (mean age 84 years). In multivariable-adjusted modified Poisson regression analyses, we examined predisposing factors and COVID-19 exposure risk, concerns, and behaviors. We hypothesized that women from minoritized racial or ethnic groups, compared to non-Hispanic White women, would be more likely to report: exposure to COVID-19, a family or friend dying from COVID-19, difficulty getting routine medical care or deciding to forego care to avoid COVID-19 exposure, and having concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Asian women and non-Hispanic Black/African American women had a higher risk of being somewhat/very concerned about risk of getting COVID-19 compared to non-Hispanic White women and each was significantly more likely than non-Hispanic White women to report forgoing medical care to avoid COVID-19 exposure. However, Asian women were 35% less likely than non-Hispanic White women to report difficulty getting routine medical care since March 2020 (adjusted relative risk 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.57, 0.75).

Conclusions
We documented COVID-related racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 exposure risk, concerns, and care-related behaviors that disfavored minoritized racial and ethnic groups, particularly non-Hispanic Black/African American women.
The customer is always right: the policy research arena in international mediation
Authors: Nathan Laurie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines the influence of research on international mediation. It refutes claims that mediation research has not influenced policy and practice. On the contrary, it shows that the United Nations, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and other policy-makers are not only receptive to mediation research but proactively commission and disseminate research. The article argues that the mediation policy research arena resembles an oligopsony, which is an imperfect competitive market with a small number of important buyers and a large number of sellers. Consequently, transaction power lies with the policymakers, and the policy research arena is geared to meeting their preferences. They have a utilitarian preference for problem-solving research that enhances the effectiveness of mediation. They have a methodological preference for comparative case-studies that include interviews with mediators, and do not regard quantitative analysis as useful. In terms of transmission processes, they favour commissioned research tailored to meet their needs. They expect commissioned research to conform to their norms, serve a specified purpose, reflect a deep understanding of mediation, and make proposals that are functionally sound, politically appropriate and financially viable. The bottom line for mediation researchers is that they are most likely to influence policy and practice if they meet the knowledge requirements of the intended recipients of their research.
Knowledge production on mediation: practice-oriented, but not practice-relevant?
Authors: Hellmüller Sara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
International mediation has become a standard response to armed conflicts, reflected in an expanding research agenda on the topic. This article examines the alleged disconnect between practice and research on mediation. It analyses articles published in highly ranked academic journals and provides insights on who produces knowledge on mediation, how such knowledge is produced and what knowledge is produced. It shows that western male scholars produce the majority of scholarly research on mediation; that positivist approaches dominate these analyses and that most publications theorize about reasons for mediation success. Through this analysis, the article demonstrates that while high-impact mediation research is practice-oriented in that most contributions examine how to make it more effective, its practice-relevance could be strengthened in three ways: by increasing the diversity of perspectives, by adding more interpretive and qualitative approaches and by producing more critical research. The article demonstrates that broader mediation research published in more specialized journals, books and the policy literature contributes to filling these gaps. It therefore nuances the presumed disconnect between mediation research and practice. Overall, the article provides a thorough review of knowledge production on mediation and adds to discussions on diversity and the critical potential of the broader field of peace studies.
China and the liberal international order: a pragmatic and dynamic approach
Authors: Liu Ruonan , Yang Songpo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How can we make sense of China's perceptions of and relationship with the liberal international order (LIO)? The majority of notable works on this topic have been written by foreign scholars who emphasize China's discontent with, or challenges it poses to, the LIO, while Chinese scholars have either focused solely on academic debates or attempted to interpret official foreign policies. This article aims to provide a balanced analysis of China's view of order by examining theoretical thought and policy practices from a Chinese perspective, drawing insights from both Chinese academic writings and government statements. We argue that there exists a perceptual difference between China and the West in understanding the postwar international order, with China emphasizing the functional part of the order and the West regarding it as based on its preferred ideological values. This perceptual difference has caused international suspicion about China's potential intentions to overthrow the LIO. In practice, China's approach has remained pragmatic, interacting dynamically with different subcomponents of the LIO. Although China's recent interactions with the LIO appear more ambitious, internal and external constraints, insufficient capacity, and lack of universally appealing values are preventing the birth of a Chinese version of international order.
Male and Gender-Diverse Victims of Sexual Violence in the Rohingya Genocide: The Selective Narrative of International Courts
Authors: Hospodaryk Victoria 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT∞
For the approximately one million Rohingya forced to flee Myanmar since October 2016, unfolding proceedings in both the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) present potential avenues for securing justice. Yet, for male and gender-diverse victims of sexual violence, whose experiences have historically been overlooked in international criminal law, justice requires recognition of all the crimes committed against them. This article demonstrates that the burgeoning narrative of events constructed in and by both the ICJ and the ICC is one which sidelines the experiences of male and gender-diverse victims of sexual violence. By comparing publicly available filings and decisions of the ICJ and the ICC with reports produced by UN bodies and nongovernmental organizations, and drawing upon insights gained from interviews with lawyers working with the Rohingya, I expose the gaps in the emerging narrative of Rohingya victimization and explain the reasons behind them.
Intraductal papilloma arising in ectopic breast tissue within the axillary region
Authors: Davrayev Michael , Teng Teng , Asarian Armand , Genato Romulo , Xiao Philip 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intraductal papilloma arising within breast tissue is relatively a common pathology. However, it is rare to find a papilloma within ectopic breast tissue. To our understanding there have been only a few reports of this. Here, we present a rare case of extranodal Intraductal papilloma within axillary ectopic breast tissue.
On the large scale morphology of Hercules A: destabilized hot jets?
Authors: Perucho Manel , López-Miralles Jose , Gizani Nectaria A B , Martí José María , Boccardi Bia 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Extragalactic jets are generated as bipolar outflows at the nuclei of active galaxies. Depending on their morphology, they are classified as Fanaroff–Riley type I (FRI) (centre-brightened) and Fanaroff–Riley type II (FRII) (edge-brightened) radio jets. However, this division is not sharp, and observations of these sources at large scales often show intermediate jet morphologies or even hybrid jet morphologies with a FRI type jet on one side and a FRII type jet on the other. A good example of a radio galaxy that is difficult to classify as FRI or FRII is Hercules A. This source shows jets with bright radio lobes (a common feature of FRII type jets) albeit without the hotspots indicative of the violent interaction between the jet and the ambient medium at the impact region, because the jets seem to be disrupted inside the lobes at a distance from the bow shocks surrounding the lobes. In this paper, we explore the jet physics that could trigger this peculiar morphology by means of three-dimensional relativisitic hydrodynamical simulations. Our results show that the large-scale morphological features of Hercules A jets and lobes can be reproduced by the propagation of a relativistically hot plasma outflow that is disrupted by helical instability modes, and generates a hot lobe that expands isotropically against the pressure-decreasing intergalactic medium. We also discuss the implications that this result may have for the host active nucleus in terms of a possible transition from high-excitation to low-excitation galaxy modes.
Revealing the frequency-dependent oscillations in the nonlinear terahertz response induced by the Josephson current
Authors: Zhang Sijie , Sun Zhiyuan , Liu Qiaomei , Wang Zixiao , Wu Qiong , Yue Li , Xu Shuxiang , Hu Tianchen , Li Rongsheng , Zhou Xinyu , Yuan Jiayu , Gu Genda , Dong Tao , Wang Nanlin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Nonlinear responses of superconductors to intense terahertz radiation has been an active research frontier. Using terahertz pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy, we investigate the c-axis nonlinear optical response of a high-temperature superconducting cuprate. After excitation by a single-cycle terahertz pump pulse, the reflectivity of the probe pulse oscillates as the pump-probe delay is varied. Interestingly, the oscillatory central frequency scales linearly with the probe frequency, a fact widely overlooked in pump-probe experiments. By theoretically solving the nonlinear optical reflection problem on the interface, we show that our observation is well explained by the Josephson-type third-order nonlinear electrodynamics, together with the emission coefficient from inside the material into free space. The latter results in a strong enhancement of the emitted signal whose physical frequency is around the Josephson plasma edge. Our result offers a benchmark for and new insights into strong-field terahertz spectroscopy of related quantum materials.
3D micropattern force triggers YAP nuclear entry by transport across nuclear pores and modulates stem cells paracrine
Authors: Li Yan , Zhong Zhenyu , Xu Cunjing , Wu Xiaodan , Li Jiaqi , Tao Weiyong , Wang Jianglin , Du Yingying , Zhang Shengmin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Biophysical cues of the cellular microenvironment tremendously influence cell behavior by mechanotransduction. However, it is still unclear how cells sense and transduce the mechanical signals from 3D geometry to regulate cell function. Here, the mechanotransduction of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) triggered by 3D micropatterns and its effect on the paracrine of MSCs are systematically investigated. Our findings show that 3D micropattern force could influence the spatial reorganization of the cytoskeleton, leading to different local forces which mediate nucleus alteration such as orientation, morphology, expression of Lamin A/C and chromatin condensation. Specifically, in the triangular prism and cuboid micropatterns, the ordered F-actin fibers are distributed over and fully transmit compressive forces to the nucleus, which results in nuclear flattening and stretching of nuclear pores, thus enhancing the nuclear import of YES-associated protein (YAP). Furthermore, the activation of YAP significantly enhances the paracrine of MSCs and upregulates the secretion of angiogenic growth factors. In contrast, the fewer compressive forces on the nucleus in cylinder and cube micropatterns cause less YAP entering the nucleus. The skin repair experiment provides the first in vivo evidence that enhanced MSCs paracrine by 3D geometry significantly promotes tissue regeneration. The current study contributes to understanding the in-depth mechanisms of mechanical signals affecting cell function and provides inspiration for innovative design of biomaterials.
Salmonella Combination Vaccines: Moving Beyond Typhoid
Authors: MacLennan Calman A , Stanaway Jeffrey , Grow Stephanie , Vannice Kirsten , Steele A Duncan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There is now a robust pipeline of licensed and World Health Organization (WHO)–prequalified typhoid conjugate vaccines with a steady progression of national introductions. However, typhoid fever is responsible for less than half the total global burden of Salmonella disease, and even less among children aged &lt;5 years. Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease is the dominant clinical presentation of Salmonella in Africa, and over a quarter of enteric fever in Asia is due to paratyphoid A. In this article, we explore the case for combination Salmonella vaccines, review the current pipeline of these vaccines, and discuss key considerations for their development, including geographies of use, age of administration, and pathways to licensure. While a trivalent typhoid/nontyphoidal Salmonella vaccine is attractive for Africa, and a bivalent enteric fever vaccine for Asia, a quadrivalent vaccine covering the 4 main disease-causing serovars of Salmonella enterica would provide a single vaccine option for global Salmonella coverage.
Genomic Surveillance of Salmonella Paratyphi A: Neglected No More?
Authors: Hooda Yogesh , Tanmoy Arif Mohammad , Saha Samir K , Saha Senjuti 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, the causative agent of paratyphoid fever, is a neglected tropical disease with a high burden and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Limited information is available regarding its genomic diversity, especially from South Asian countries that are collectively responsible for &gt;80% of all paratyphoid cases. At the 2021 International Conference on Typhoid and Other Salmonelloses, researchers from the around the globe presented their work on Salmonella Paratyphi A genomics. Presentations described recent genomic data from South Asia and the development of Paratype, an open-access single-nucleotide polymorphism–based genotyping scheme, to segregate Salmonella Paratyphi A genomes in a systematic and sustainable manner. In this review, we attempt to summarize the progress made thus far on Salmonella Paratyphi A genomics and discuss the questions that remain to better understand the pathogen and develop interventions to fight it.
Implementing a Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Program Using Starter Packs for Emergency Department Patients Diagnosed With HIV Infection
Authors: White Douglas A E , Jewett Montana , Burns Molly , Godoy Ashley , Basham Kellie , Makinde Omobolaji , Anderson Erik 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Emergency departments (ED) have been identified as essential partners in the national plan to end the HIV epidemic. The initiation of rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be an important strategy to minimize the treatment barriers faced by many ED patients diagnosed with HIV.

Methods
We describe the implementation and outcomes of a protocol to provide rapid ART by using starter packs for eligible ED patients testing HIV antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) reactive. Eligible patients were not pregnant, were unlikely to have a false-positive Ag/Ab test result, were discharged home, were ART naive, had acceptable liver and renal function, lacked symptoms of an opportunistic infection, and were judged to be a good candidate.

Results
During the 1-year study period, 10 606 HIV tests were performed, and 106 patients were HIV Ag/Ab reactive and assessed for ED rapid ART eligibility. Thirty-one patients (29.2%) were eligible for ED rapid ART; 26 (24.5%) were offered it; and 25 accepted and were provided starter packs for an overall ED rapid ART treatment rate of 23.6%. Two patients receiving ED rapid ART were confirmed to be HIV negative. Patients provided ED rapid ART were more likely to follow up by 30 days (82.6% vs 50.0%, P = .01) than patients not provided ED rapid ART. The 6-month incidence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was 4.3% among the 23 patients who were HIV positive and receiving ED rapid ART.

Conclusions
The initiation of ED rapid ART for patients testing HIV Ag/Ab reactive is feasible, well accepted, and safe and may be an important facilitator of linkage to care.
“Staying in Tanzania or Returning to Burundi is all the Same”: Re-Imagining the Reintegration of Burundian Returnees
Authors: Mbazumutima Theodore 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Refugee return remains the preferred approach of States, donors, and UNHCR to put an end to the refugee condition. This qualitative study uses data collected through a series of interviews in a case study of returnees to Burundi between 2017 and 2022, to explore the extent to which the current reintegration can be understood as leading to an end to protracted displacement. In achieving this, the article also asks how the global refugee regime’s current humanitarian approach to return and its sedentary framing affect these processes; and the role played by human agency and mobility, including the impact of past displacement experiences, on these processes. The study concludes that, for many, the return to Burundi, whether it is the first, second, or third return, is often not ultimately understood as a permanent move “home” leading to durable solution, but rather simply another form of forced displacement. Unsuccessful reintegration following past displacements, policies conflicting with the best interests of returnees, and humanitarian approaches to return and its sedentary framing all emerge as major drives of this failure. Consequently, the multiple identities acquired by and imposed on returnees through these processes are essential for their survival in these difficult and constantly evolving conditions.