bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BLE-based secure tracking system proposal
Authors: Hernández-Goya Candelaria , Aguasca-Colomo Ricardo , Caballero-Gil Cándido 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs communication capabilities of mobile devices continue to advance, ensuring reliability and security has become increasingly crucial. The aerial tracking system presented in this paper provides a useful solution for tracking and tracing objects in various scenarios. To ensure reliability and security, the system incorporates appropriate mechanisms, including Lightweight Cryptography, to prioritize confidentiality and integrity. The Android component of the system has two modes of operation: Tracker Mode, running on a smartphone mounted on a drone (RPA), and Client Mode, running on mobile devices on the ground. In Client Mode, users transmit their positioning and trajectory information via Bluetooth Low Energy beacon mode, which is then relayed to the server backend via the 4G/5G network once the RPA enters an area with coverage. The system provides a reliable and secure solution for situations where tracking and tracing are essential, such as the supervision and control of public areas with capacity control or tracking and localizing people in isolated environments.
Understanding the contents and development of nascent entrepreneurs’ belief systems
Authors: Laukkanen Mauri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study tracks the development of nascent entrepreneurs’ (NE) belief systems (mental models) from the time they were seriously planning entrepreneurship to having started their firms. It aims to reveal their typical entrepreneurship-related belief systems to understand the underlying logic of the contents and their change. Cognitive theory predicts belief systems which are first relatively simple and partly shared, but turn more complex and more divergent, thus facilitating the mental representation of their firms’ different environments. The study finds that the NEs share coherent and rather developed belief systems at the outset. They also become more complex after the transition from prospective to actual entrepreneurship, but unexpectedly more uniform, reflecting the NEs’ need to mentally control not only the external environment but also internal issues they share, such as fears and self-efficacy. This implies that entrepreneurs’ cognitive evolution involves developing the conventional “cold” mental grip of the external environment, but also understanding their affective, “hot” side. The development paths can vary, suggesting a corresponding theoretic model. Methodologically, cognitive/causal mapping and semi-structured interviewing provide an accessible approach to studying both aspects of entrepreneurial cognitions. Pragmatically, the findings suggest that small business support should pay more attention to prospective entrepreneurs’ qualms and beliefs, often hidden and biased.
Damage factors of stratospheric ozone depletion on human health impact with the addition of nitrous oxide as the largest contributor in the 2000s
Authors: Hayashi Kentaro , Itsubo Norihiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion caused by O3-depleting substances (ODSs) remains an unsolved issue. The leakage of older ODSs in the atmosphere continue to affect stratospheric O3, and nitrous oxide (N2O) remains the largest contributor to stratospheric O3 depletion. The purpose of this study was to update the damage factors of stratospheric O3 depletion on human health impacts, particularly skin cancers and eye cataracts, for the years 2010 and 2015 by adding N2O.

Methods
The framework to derive damage factors followed that of our previous study; the marginal increase in total incidence per unit ODS emission was estimated using the following terms: ground surface emission, tropospheric chlorine loading, equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), total O3 in the air column, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) at the ground surface, incidence due to erythemal UV-B exposure, standardized age structure, population, and ODS atmospheric lifetime. By multiplying the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per incidence by the marginal increase in total incidence per unit emission, the damage factor was obtained as the DALY per unit emission. The following update was made in this study: the addition of N2O and revisions of the relationship between EESC and total O3, ODS lifetime, population, and DALY per incidence.

Results and discussion
Damage factors of all ODSs regulated by the Montreal Protocol and of N2O were calculated for melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancers, and eye cataracts. The total damage factors of N2O were 2.1 × 10–5 and 2.2 × 10–5 DALY per kg nitrogen (N) in 2010 and 2015, respectively. These values were smaller than those of chlorofluorocarbons and halons; however, the global effect of N2O on stratospheric O3 depletion was approximately 170,000 DALYs or 3.9 billion USD in 2010, accounting for 48% of the total damage. The damage factor of N2O on climate change was estimated, based on existing literature, to be 27 times higher than that for stratospheric O3 depletion estimated in this study.

Conclusions
N2O is currently the largest contributor to stratospheric O3 depletion, which accounted for approximately 50% of the total health impact induced by all ODSs in 2010. Although another important impact of N2O, i.e., climate change, was demonstrated to be 27 times more damaging than stratospheric O3 depletion, this means that N2O emissions contribute to two global environmental issues simultaneously. Thus, efforts to reduce N2O emissions should be increased.
Recognition of tor malware and onion services
Authors: Bergman Jesper , Popov Oliver B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe transformation of the contemporary societies through digital technologies has had a profound effect on all human activities including those that are in the realm of illegal, unlawful, and criminal deeds. Moreover, the affordances provided by the anonymity creating techniques such as the Tor protocol which are beneficial for preserving civil liberties, appear to be highly profitable for various types of miscreants whose crimes range from human trafficking, arms trading, and child pornography to selling controlled substances and racketeering. The Tor similar technologies are the foundation of a vast, often mysterious, sometimes anecdotal, and occasionally dangerous space termed as the Dark Web. Using the features that make the Internet a uniquely generative knowledge agglomeration, with no borders, and permeating different jurisdictions, the Dark Web is a source of perpetual challenges for both national and international law enforcement agencies. The anonymity granted to the wrong people increases the complexity and the cost of identifying both the crimes and the criminals, which is often exacerbated with lack of proper human resources. Technologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence come to the rescue through automation, intensive data harvesting, and analysis built into various types of web crawlers to explore and identify dark markets and the people behind them. It is essential for an effective and efficient crawling to have a pool of dark sites or onion URLs. The research study presents a way to build a crawling mechanism by extracting onion URLs from malicious executables by running them in a sandbox environment and then analysing the log file using machine learning algorithms. By discerning between the malware that uses the Tor network and the one that does not, we were able to classify the Tor using malware with an accuracy rate of 91% with a logistic regression algorithm. The initial results suggest that it is possible to use this machine learning approach to diagnose new malicious servers on the Tor network. Embedding this kind of mechanism into the crawler may also induce predictability, and thus efficiency in recognising dark market activities, and consequently, their closure.
Forschungsprojekt EUBeKo
Authors: Paulsen Lisa , Benz Lea , Bojkowska Izabela , Domokos Bruno , Müller Christina , Wallmann-Sperlich Birgit , Bucksch Jens 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bewegung ist über eine Reihe sozialökologischer Bedingungsfaktoren zu verstehen, an welchen eine erfolgreiche Bewegungsförderung ansetzen muss. Kommunen nehmen dabei eine bedeutende Rolle ein, da sie gesundheitsförderliche Verhältnisse ermöglichen können. Häufig wird die Konzipierung, Umsetzung und Evaluierung sozialökologischer Ansätze jedoch nicht systematisch und theoriegeleitet abgeleitet. Veränderungen in den Verhältnissen werden durch das Verhalten und die Entscheidungen sog. „change agents“ bzw. kommunaler Entscheidungstragender, wie z. B. Bürgermeister:innen, beeinflusst. Daher ist es wichtig, Einflussfaktoren auf Entscheidungsprozesse zu kennen, um Überzeugungsarbeit für Bewegungsförderung in der Kommune zu leisten. Zudem braucht es Multiplikator:innen (z. B. Mitarbeitende in Gesundheitsämtern), die Kompetenzen besitzen, verhältnisorientierte Interventionen in Kommunen systematisch umzusetzen.

Zielstellung und Projektverlauf
Das Forschungsprojekt „Entscheidungs- und Umsetzungsprozesse verhältnisorientierter Bewegungsförderung in der Kommune für mehr Chancengerechtigkeit systematisch planen und implementieren“ (EUBeKo) wurde im Rahmen des Förderschwerpunkts „Bewegung und Bewegungsförderung“ des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit gefördert. In diesem Beitrag werden das Projekt EUBeKo mit seinen zwei Forschungsfragen zum einen nach der Rolle und den Kompetenzen von Multiplikator:innen und zum anderen nach den Einflussfaktoren auf kommunale Entscheidungsprozesse sowie die Planung und Umsetzung verhältnisorientierter Bewegungsförderung in zwei Modellkommunen als auch die Strategien der Dissemination (z. B. Projekt-Webseite) beschrieben.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen
Zu den Stärken des Projekts zählt die systematische und theoriegeleitete Aufbereitung und Durchführung eines Prozesses verhältnisorientierter Bewegungsförderung in der Kommune mit besonderem Fokus auf Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse sowie auf die Zielgruppen der kommunalen Multiplikator:innen und Entscheidungstragenden. Herausforderungen finden sich im Theorie-Praxis-Transfer und in den Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“) auf die Projektumsetzung.
Krankheitsvorstellungen von Patient*innen mit berufsbedingten Handekzemen vor dem Hintergrund soziodemografischer Merkmale
Authors: Hansen Andreas , Wilke Annika , John Swen Malte , Buse Anna-Sophie 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Berufsbedingte Hauterkrankungen treten in vielen Berufen auf. Häufig handelt es sich um irritative und/oder allergische Handekzeme. Zu den häufigsten betroffenen Berufsgruppen zählen z. B. Pflegekräfte und Metallarbeiter*innen. Hinsichtlich soziodemografischer Merkmale (Alter, Berufe, Geschlecht) ist das Patientenklientel insgesamt sehr heterogen. Individualpräventive ambulante und stationäre Maßnahmen zielen u. a. darauf ab, das Selbstmanagement mit der Erkrankung zu verbessern (z. B. Veränderung des Hautschutzverhaltens) und ein erkrankungsbedingtes Ausscheiden aus dem Beruf zu verhindern. Subjektive Krankheitstheorien spielen bei der Erreichung dieser Ziele eine wichtige Rolle, so dass es das Ziel der Studie war, diese subjektiven Theorien unter besonderer Beachtung soziodemografischer Merkmale zu erfassen und zu analysieren.

Methode
Es wurden 36 leitfadengestützte qualitative Interviews mit Patient*innen einer stationären Individualpräventionsmaßnahme geführt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels inhaltlich strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Hauptkategorien wurden deduktiv anhand des theoretischen Rahmens (Common-Sense-Modell) gebildet, Subkategorien anhand des Materials (induktiv).

Ergebnisse
Interviewtranskripte von 35 Patient*innen wurden analysiert (Geschlecht: weiblich = 18, männlich = 17/Alter: minimal: 22 Jahre, maximal: 63 Jahre). Dabei ließen sich alle Dimensionen des Rahmenmodells mit verschiedenen Subkategorien abbilden. Die vermuteten bzw. wahrgenommenen Ursachen waren überwiegend komplex. Hinsichtlich der Altersgruppen und Berufe konnten teilweise Unterschiede festgestellt werden. So waren z. B. Aussagen, die auf eine höhere Selbstwirksamkeit in Bezug auf die Kontrollierbarkeit des Handekzems hindeuteten eher bei interviewten Pflegekräften zu finden, als bei den Befragten der Metallberufe.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Wahrnehmung komplexer Ursachen spiegelt die oftmals multifaktorielle Krankheitsentstehung wider (z. B. irritative Handekzeme bei atopischer Disposition). Die z. T. vorgefundenen Unterschiede zwischen Berufs- und Altersgruppen verdeutlichen, dass involvierte Berufsgruppen (z. B. Ärzt*innen, Therapeut*innen) bei der Berücksichtigung der subjektiven Krankheitsvorstellungen auch ein Zusammenspiel mit soziodemografischen Aspekten erwägen sollten.
Does IFRS information on tax loss carryforwards and negative performance improve predictions of earnings and cash flows?
Authors: Dreher Sandra , Eichfelder Sebastian , Noth Felix 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe analyze the usefulness of accounting information on tax loss carryforwards and negative performance to predict earnings and cash flows. We use hand-collected information on tax loss carryforwards and corresponding deferred taxes from the International Financial Reporting Standards tax footnotes for listed firms from Germany. Our out-of-sample tests show that considering accounting information on tax loss carryforwards does not enhance performance forecasts and typically even worsens predictions. The most likely explanation is model overfitting. Besides, common forecasting approaches that deal with negative performance are prone to prediction errors. We provide a simple empirical specification to account for that problem.
Introducing GoNEXUS SEF: a solutions evaluation framework for the joint governance of water, energy, and food resources
Authors: González-Rosell Adrián , Arfa Imen , Blanco Maria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To enhance water, energy, and food security and promote ecosystems conservation, it is necessary to design policies or solutions capable of addressing cross-sectoral challenges. In this paper, GoNEXUS SEF, an evaluation framework for co-designing and evaluating nexus solutions, is presented. This framework provides guidelines for conducting a nexus-coherence assessment to improve the governance of the water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus. The assessment involves a participatory process that integrates qualitative and quantitative methodologies through systemic approaches. The crucial aspects necessary in the development of methodologies that address the nexus have been identified and considered. The framework was applied to a practical case study, an increase in the irrigation water price in Andalusia—Spain for the horizon of 2030. Case study results revealed that the measure can generate synergies since it favours water savings, irrigation water efficiency and ecosystems conservation. However, trade-offs are observed, mainly undermining the economic development of agriculture in the region. GoNEXUS SEF has proven capable of evaluating nexus solutions by measuring cross-sectoral synergies and trade-offs. It highlights hidden properties and identifies leverage points and key aspects of a complex cross-sectoral system to apply nexus solutions more effectively to promote sustainable development. In addition, the framework can be adapted to fit different case studies, considering their own challenges and their spatial and temporal scales, which gives it a competitive advantage over other methodologies focused on analysing the nexus.

Graphical abstarct
Hip fracture incidence and post-fracture mortality in Victoria, Australia: a state-wide cohort study
Authors: Leung Miriam T. Y. , Marquina Clara , Turner Justin P. , Ilomaki Jenni , Tran Tim , Bell J. Simon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Summary

Hip fractures are a major public health concern. Number of hip fractures cases increased by 20% from 2012 to 2018. Factors associated with post-fracture mortality included men, those who are frail, living in a non-metropolitan region, or residing in a residential aged care facility. Our results are useful for planning healthcare interventions.

Purpose
Hip fractures are a major public health concern in Australia. Data on hip fracture incidence and mortality are needed to plan and evaluate healthcare interventions. The aims of the study were to investigate (1) the time-trend in absolute number and incidence of first hip fractures, and (2) factors associated with mortality following first hip fractures in Victoria, Australia.

Methods
A state-wide cohort study of all patients aged $$\ge$$
≥
50 years admitted to a Victorian hospital for first hip fracture between July 2012 and June 2018. Annual age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using population data from Australian Bureau of Statistics. Multivariate negative binomial regression was used to investigate factors associated with post-fracture mortality.

Results
Overall, 31,578 patients had a first hip fracture, of whom two-thirds were women and 47% were $$\ge$$
≥
85 years old. Absolute annual numbers of first hip fractures increased by 20%. There was no significant change in age- and sex-adjusted incidence. In total, 8% died within 30 days and 25% within 1 year. Factors associated with 30-day mortality included age (≥ 85 years old versus 50–64 years old, mortality rate ratio [MRR] 8.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.86–11.33), men (MRR 2.11, 95% CI 1.88–2.37), higher Hospital Frailty Risk Scores (high frailty versus no frailty, MRR 3.46, 95% CI 2.66–4.50), admission from a residential aged care facility (RACF) (MRR 2.28, 95% CI 1.85–2.82), and residing in a non-metropolitan region (MRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.38). The same factors were associated with 1-year mortality.

Conclusion
The absolute increase in hip fractures highlights the need for interventions to reduce fracture risk, especially for those at higher risk of post-fracture mortality, including men and those who are frail, living in a non-metropolitan region, or residing in a RACF.
C-reactive protein levels are associated with early cardiac complications or death in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a propensity-matched analysis of a global federated health from the TriNetX network
Authors: Bucci Tommaso , Sagris Dimitrios , Harrison Stephanie L. , Underhill Paula , Pastori Daniele , Ntaios George , McDowell Garry , Buckley Benjamin J. R. , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe role of inflammation in predicting early cardiac complications among stroke patients is unclear. Electronic medical records from TriNetX, a global federated health research network, were used for this retrospective analysis. Patients with ischemic stroke and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels measured within 24 h post-stroke were categorized into three groups: (i) < 1 mg/L, (ii)1–3 mg/L and (iii) > 3 mg/L. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of cardiac complications (heart failure (HF), ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular arrhythmias and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy) or death at 30 days from the index event. Cox-regression analyses were used to produce hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) following 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). Of the 104,741 patients enrolled, 51% were female and the mean age was 66 ± 16 years. After PSM, a new cardiac complication or death within 30 days occurred in 5624 (33.1%) patients with CRP > 3 mg/L, in 4243 (25.6%) patients with CRP 1–3 mg/L and in 3891 (23.5%) patients with CRP < 1 mg/L. Patients with CRP levels of 1–3 mg/L and > 3 mg/L had higher risk of the composite outcome (HR 1.10, 95%CI 1.05–1.52; HR 1.51, 95%CI 1.45–1.58), death (HR 1.43, 95%CI 1.24–1.64; HR 3.50, 95%CI 3.01–3.96), HF (HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.01–1.16; HR 1.51, 95%CI 1.41–1.61), AF (HR 1.10, 95% CI:1.02–1.18; HR 1.42, 95%CI 1.33–1.52) and ventricular arrhythmias (HR 1.25, 95%CI 1.02–1.52; HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.38–2.01) compared to those with CRP < 1 mg/L. Ischemic heart disease were more common among patients with CRP levels > 3 mg/L compared to those with CRP < 1 mg/L (HR:1.33, 95% CI:1.26–1.40), while no association with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was found in all the analyses. CRP levels within the first 24 h of an ischemic stroke predict 30-day cardiac complications or death.
Machine Learning Research Trends in Africa: A 30 Years Overview with Bibliometric Analysis Review
Authors: Ezugwu Absalom E. , Oyelade Olaide N. , Ikotun Abiodun M. , Agushaka Jeffery O. , Ho Yuh-Shan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe machine learning (ML) paradigm has gained much popularity today. Its algorithmic models are employed in every field, such as natural language processing, pattern recognition, object detection, image recognition, earth observation and many other research areas. In fact, machine learning technologies and their inevitable impact suffice in many technological transformation agendas currently being propagated by many nations, for which the already yielded benefits are outstanding. From a regional perspective, several studies have shown that machine learning technology can help address some of Africa’s most pervasive problems, such as poverty alleviation, improving education, delivering quality healthcare services, and addressing sustainability challenges like food security and climate change. In this state-of-the-art paper, a critical bibliometric analysis study is conducted, coupled with an extensive literature survey on recent developments and associated applications in machine learning research with a perspective on Africa. The presented bibliometric analysis study consists of 2761 machine learning-related documents, of which 89% were articles with at least 482 citations published in 903 journals during the past three decades. Furthermore, the collated documents were retrieved from the Science Citation Index EXPANDED, comprising research publications from 54 African countries between 1993 and 2021. The bibliometric study shows the visualization of the current landscape and future trends in machine learning research and its application to facilitate future collaborative research and knowledge exchange among authors from different research institutions scattered across the African continent.