bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvability of general fully coupled forward–backward stochastic difference equations with delay and applications
Authors: Song Teng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA class of fully coupled forward–backward stochastic difference equations with delay (FBSDDEs) over infinite horizon are considered in this article. By establishing a non‐homogeneous explicit relation between the forward and backward equations in terms of Riccati‐like difference equations, we derive the unique solution to the FBSDDEs under certain conditions. Then, we deduce that the FBSDDEs are solvable if and only if the corresponding stochastic delayed system is ‐degree open‐loop mean‐square exponentially stabilizable. Finally, as an application, the FBSDDEs are employed to demonstrate the maximum principle of the stochastic LQ optimal control problem.
Do daily interaction patterns differ between empty nesters and non‐empty nesters? The role of different interaction partners in a Chinese sample
Authors: Li Xiying , Ma Zepei , Zhang Xingyu , Ma Xiaohui , Pi Zhongling 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe empty nest is a phase of life that most parents will experience when their children grow up and leave home. However, little attention has been given to changes that take place in empty nesters' daily patterns of interaction. This study aimed to examine the differences between empty nesters and non‐empty nesters in relation to their daily interactions and the affect of various social partners. A total of 208 participants were recruited via convenience sampling; they were asked to record their daily interactions using the Rochester Interaction Record and to rate their affect after each interaction using the Positive Affect–Negative Affect Scale. The results showed that daily interactions were related to a higher increase of positive affect in empty nesters than in non‐empty nesters when interactions were with adult children. In contrast, daily interactions of non‐empty nesters were related to a higher decrease in negative affect when the interactions were with friends, neighbors, and strangers. These findings indicate that the patterns of daily interactions differ between empty nesters and non‐empty nesters. Specifically, the daily interactions of empty nesters were seen to be more related to a higher increase in positive affect, whereas the daily interactions of non‐empty nesters were seen to be more related to a higher decrease in negative affect. This study showed the differences in daily interaction patterns between empty and non‐empty nesters across diverse social partners. The findings on the daily interaction patterns have some implications for older adults: (1) empty nesters can improve daily interaction with adult children, relatives, and colleagues for a higher positive affect; (2) non‐empty nesters can improve daily interactions with friends, neighbors, and strangers to relieve their negative affect.
Clinical practice for unspecified anxiety disorder in primary care
Authors: Sakurai Hitoshi , Takeshima Masahiro , Inada Ken , Aoki Yumi , Ie Kenya , Kise Morito , Yoshida Eriko , Tsuboi Takashi , Yamada Hisashi , Hori Hikaru , Inada Yasushi , Shimizu Eiji , Mishima Kazuo , Watanabe Koichiro , Takaesu Yoshikazu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimClinicians face difficulties in making treatment decisions for unspecified anxiety disorder due to the absence of any treatment guidelines. The objective of this study was to investigate how familiar and how often primary care physicians use pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to manage the disorder.MethodsA survey was conducted among 117 primary care physicians in Japan who were asked to assess the familiarity of using each treatment option for unspecified anxiety disorder on a binary response scale (0 = “unfamiliar,” 1 = “familiar”) and the frequency on a nine‐point Likert scale (1 = “never used,” 9 = “frequently used”).ResultsWhile several benzodiazepine anxiolytics were familiar to primary care physicians, the frequencies of prescribing them, including alprazolam (4.6 ± 2.6), ethyl loflazepate (3.6 ± 2.4), and clotiazepam (3.5 ± 2.3), were low. In contrast, certain nonpharmacological options, including lifestyle changes (5.4 ± 2.3), coping strategies (5.1 ± 2.7), and psychoeducation for anxiety (5.1 ± 2.7), were more commonly utilized, but to a modest extent. When a benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug failed to be effective, primary care physicians selected the following management strategies to a relatively high degree: differential diagnosis (6.4 ± 2.4), referral to a specialist hospital (5.9 ± 2.5), lifestyle changes (5.2 ± 2.5), and switching to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (5.1 ± 2.4).ConclusionPrimary care physicians exercise caution when prescribing benzodiazepine anxiolytics for unspecified anxiety disorder. Nonpharmacological interventions and switching to SSRI are modestly employed as primary treatment options and alternatives to benzodiazepine anxiolytics. To ensure the safe and effective treatment of unspecified anxiety disorder in primary care, more information should be provided from field experts.
Using long‐term data from a whole ecosystem warming experiment to identify best spring and autumn phenology models
Authors: Schädel Christina , Seyednasrollah Bijan , Hanson Paul J. , Hufkens Koen , Pearson Kyle J. , Warren Jeffrey M. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPredicting vegetation phenology in response to changing environmental factors is key in understanding feedbacks between the biosphere and the climate system. Experimental approaches extending the temperature range beyond historic climate variability provide a unique opportunity to identify model structures that are best suited to predicting phenological changes under future climate scenarios. Here, we model spring and autumn phenological transition dates obtained from digital repeat photography in a boreal Picea‐Sphagnum bog in response to a gradient of whole ecosystem warming manipulations of up to +9°C, using five years of observational data. In spring, seven equally best‐performing models for Larix utilized the accumulation of growing degree days as a common driver for temperature forcing. For Picea, the best two models were sequential models requiring winter chilling before spring forcing temperature is accumulated. In shrub, parallel models with chilling and forcing requirements occurring simultaneously were identified as the best models. Autumn models were substantially improved when a CO2 parameter was included. Overall, the combination of experimental manipulations and multiple years of observations combined with variation in weather provided the framework to rule out a large number of candidate models and to identify best spring and autumn models for each plant functional type.
Use of telehealth for psychosocial oncology: A mixed methods study about barriers to and opportunities with Latino patients from Latin America, Spain, and the United States
Authors: Ruda‐Santolaria Lourdes , Bergerot Cristiane , Hernandez Jazmin , Pena Cristina , Montana Maria F. , Galindo‐Vazquez Oscar , Torres‐Blasco Normarie , Castro‐Figueroa Eida , Esenarro Loida , Sanchez‐Ramirez Jose C. , Estapé Tania , Gany Francesca , Costas‐Muniz Rosario 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTelehealth for mental healthcare expanded rapidly with the COVID‐19 pandemic's onset; however, global access disparities emerged. Telehealth challenges and opportunities for Latino cancer patients from different geographical regions must be explored.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey (March‐July 2021) of mental health providers, serving Latino cancer patients in Latin America, United States, and Spain, contained close‐ended questions related to the use of telehealth during the pandemic and open‐ended questions on recommending/not recommending telehealth.ResultsIn a sample of 148 providers from 21 countries, 60.5% reported that at least some of their patients had difficulties with Internet speed and connectivity and lacked knowledge about using electronic devices (43.2%) or the Internet (45.4%). Lacking privacy at home (66.0%) and childcare (26.0%) were reported patient challenges. Internet connectivity or speed were issues for providers (43.2%) themselves. Improving patient reach was a reported telehealth benefit (64.2%). Geographical access (43.2%) and physical limitations (35.8%) were considerations in offering telehealth. Considerations for not recommending telehealth were patient age (24.3%) and lacking technological knowledge (29.1%).ConclusionsTelehealth for mental healthcare may improve patient access issues caused by geographical and transportation conditions and patient functionality. Findings provide insight into telehealth benefits and challenges in Latino patient populations. Future studies should examine patient access and use by region.
Adaptive actor‐critic neural optimal control for constrained nonstrict feedback nonlinear systems via command filter
Authors: Hua Yu , Zhang Tianping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe actor‐critic neural optimal control is investigated for the state‐constrained nonlinear systems in the nonstrict feedback form with unmodeled dynamics in this paper. The filtering errors in the traditional dynamic surface control (DSC) are countervailed by the introduced compensation signals. Two design phases together determine the input: the feedforward input design and the near optimal input design. In the feedforward input design, a mapping rule is established to keep all the states in the finite range, and a first‐order adjunctive signal is designed to treat the unmodeled dynamics. In the near optimal input design, the cost function relying on the reconstructed error system is minimized by the near optimal input via adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). In the whole design processing, the unknown nonlinear uncertain parts are fitted by the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). The stability analysis illustrates all the signals are bounded in the controlled system. Two simulation examples are employed to verify the theoretical findings.
Engineered Collaborative Size Regulation and Shape Engineering of Tremella‐Like Au‐MnOx for Highly Sensitive Bimodal‐Type Lateral Flow Immunoassays
Authors: Liu Sijie , Liao Yangjun , Zhang Yinuo , Shu Rui , Zhang Mingrui , Luo Xing , Sun Chenyang , Dou Leina , Luo Linpin , Sun Jing , Zhang Daohong , Zeng Lintao , Wang Jianlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEngineered collaborative size regulation and shape engineering of multi‐functional nanomaterials (NPs) offer extraordinary opportunities for improving the analysis performance. It is anticipated to address the difficulty in distinguishing color changes caused by subtle variations in target concentrations, thereby facilitating the highly sensitive analysis of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs). Herein, tremella‐like gold‐manganese oxide (Au‐MnOx) nanoparticles with precise MnCl2 regulation are synthesized as immuno signal tracers via a facile one‐step redox reaction in alkaline condition at ambient temperature. Avail of the tunable elemental composition and anisotropy in morphology, black‐colored tremella‐like Au‐MnOx exhibits superb colorimetric signal brightness, enhanced antibody coupling efficiency, marvelous photothermal performance, and unrestricted immunological recognition affinity, all of which facilitate highly sensitive multi‐signal transduction patterns. In conjunction with the handheld thermal reader device, a bimodal‐type LFIA that combines size‐regulation‐ and shape‐engineering‐mediated colorimetric‐photothermal dual‐response assay (coined as the SSCPD assay) with a limit of detection of 0.012 ng mL−1 for ractopamine (RAC) monitoring is achieved by integrating Au‐MnOx with the competitive‐type immunoreaction. This work illustrates the effectiveness of this strategy for establishing high‐performance sensing, and the SSCPD assay may be extended to a wide spectrum of future point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostic applications.
Engineering a Hollow Carbon Sphere‐Based Triphase Microenvironment for Enhanced Enzymatic Reaction Kinetics and Bioassay Performance
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Wang Dandan , Ding Zhenyao , Chen Xi , Chen Liping , Ni Weihai , Feng Xinjian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrochemical bioassays based on oxidase reactions are frequently used in biological sciences and medical industries. However, the enzymatic reaction kinetics are severely restricted by the poor solubility and slow diffusion rate of oxygen in conventional solid‒liquid diphase reaction systems, which inevitably compromises the detection accuracy, linearity, and reliability of the oxidase‐based bioassay. Herein, an effective solid‒liquid‒air triphase bioassay system is provided that uses hydrophobic hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) as oxygen nanocarriers. The oxygen stored in the cavity of HCS can rapidly diffuse to the oxidase active sites through the mesoporous carbon shell, providing sufficient oxygen for oxidase‐based enzymatic reactions. As a result, the triphase system can significantly improve the enzymatic reaction kinetics and obtain a 20‐fold higher linear detection range than the normal diphase system. Other biomolecules can also be determined using this triphase technique, and the triphase design strategy offers a new route to address the gas deficiency problem in catalytic reactions that involve gas consumption.
Strong Ti3C2Tx MXene‐Based Composite Films Fabricated through Bioinspired Bridging for Flexible Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Jiang Degang , Du Yiqi , Zhang Maozhuang , Sun Yuesheng , Jiang Mingyuan , Xu Jiangtao , Liu Jingquan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlexible energy storage device is one of the most critical components as power source for wearable electronics. The emergence of MXenes, a growing family of 2D nanomaterials, has demonstrated a brand‐new possibility for flexible energy storage. However, the fabrication of MXene films with satisfactory mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical reliabilities remains challenging due to the weak interlayer interactions and self‐restacking of MXene sheets. Sequential bridging of polydopamine/polyethyleneimine‐functionalized (PDA/PEI)‐coated MXene sheets to induce synergistically covalent and hydrogen binding connections of MXene‐based films is demonstrated here. By interrupting self‐hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions, the introduction of long‐chain PEI can not only inhibit the massive aggregation of PDA, but also improve the continuity of the interconnection network of PDA/PEI between MXene layers. Hence, the as‐prepared MXene/PDA/PEI composite film displays high mechanical strength (≈366 MPa) which achieves 12‐fold improvement compared with pure MXene film, as well as superior energy storage capability (≈454 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1) and rate performance of ≈48% at 10 000 mV s−1. This modulation of inserted polymer between MXene layers can provide an avenue for assembling high performance MXene films, and can even be extended to the fabrication of other 2D platelets for varied applications.
Regulating Li‐Ion Transport through Ultrathin Molecular Membrane to Enable High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State–Battery
Authors: Rajendran Sathish , George Antony , Tang Zian , Neumann Christof , Turchanin Andrey , Arava Leela Mohana Reddy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid‐state lithium metal batteries with garnet‐type electrolyte provide several advantages over conventional lithium‐ion batteries, especially for safety and energy density. However, a few grand challenges such as the propagation of Li dendrites, poor interfacial contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrodes, and formation of lithium carbonate during ambient exposure over the solid‐state electrolyte prevent the viability of such batteries. Herein, an ultrathin sub‐nanometer porous carbon nanomembrane (CNM) is employed on the surface of solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) that increases the adhesion of SSE with electrodes, prevents lithium carbonate formation over the surface, regulates the flow of Li‐ions, and blocks any electronic leakage. The sub‐nanometer scale pores in CNM allow rapid permeation of Li‐ions across the electrode–electrolyte interface without the presence of any liquid medium. Additionally, CNM suppresses the propagation of Li dendrites by over sevenfold up to a current density of 0.7 mA cm−2 and enables the cycling of all‐solid‐state batteries at low stack pressure of 2 MPa using LiFePO4 cathode and Li metal anode. The CNM provides chemical stability to the solid electrolyte for over 4 weeks of ambient exposure with less than a 4% increase in surface impurities.
Amine–Aldehyde Condensation‐Derived N‐Doped Hard Carbon Microspheres for High‐Capacity and Robust Sodium Storage
Authors: Chen Ran , Li Xinyuan , Cai Congcong , Fan Hao , Deng Yujie , Yu Huogen , Mai Liqiang , Zhou Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHard carbon is generally accepted as the choice of anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, integrating high capacity, high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), and good durability in hard carbon materials remains challenging. Herein, N‐doped hard carbon microspheres (NHCMs) with abundant Na+ adsorption sites and tunable interlayer distance are constructed based on the amine–aldehyde condensation reaction using m‐phenylenediamine and formaldehyde as the precursors. The optimized NHCM‐1400 with a considerable N content (4.64%) demonstrates a high ICE (87%), high reversible capacity with ideal durability (399 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 and 98.5% retention over 120 cycles), and decent rate capability (297 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1). In situ characterizations elucidate the adsorption–intercalation‐filling sodium storage mechanism of NHCMs. Theoretical calculation reveals that the N‐doping decreases the Na+ adsorption energy on hard carbon.
Engineering Interfacial Built‐in Electric Field in Polymetallic Phosphide Heterostructures for Superior Supercapacitors and Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hu Ruiyuan , Jiao Lei , Liang Hongjian , Feng Zhifang , Gao Bin , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Song Xue‐Zhi , Liu Li‐Zhao , Tan Zhenquan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, a patterned rod‐like CoP@NiCoP core‐shell heterostructure is designed to consist of CoP nanowires cross‐linked with NiCoP nanosheets in tight strings. The interfacial interaction within the heterojunction between the two components generates a built‐in electric field that adjusts the interfacial charge state and create more active sites, accelerating the charge transfer and improving supercapacitor and electrocatalytic performance. The unique core‐shell structure suppresses the volume expansion during charging and discharging, achieving excellent stability. As a result, CoP@NiCoP exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2.9 F cm−2 at a current density of 3 mA cm−2 and a high ion diffusion rate (Dion is 2.95 × 10−14 cm2 s−1) during charging/discharging. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor CoP@NiCoP//AC exhibits a high energy density of 42.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 126.5 W kg−1 and excellent stability with a capacitance retention rate of 83.8% after 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, the modulated effect induced by the interfacial interaction also endows the self‐supported electrode with excellent electrocatalytic HER performance with an overpotential of 71 mV at 10 mA cm−2. This research may provide a new perspective on the generation of built‐in electric field through the rational design of heterogeneous structures for improving the electrochemical and electrocatalytical performance.
Investigating the effects of channelization in the Silala River: A review of the implementation of a coupled MIKE‐11 and MIKE‐SHE modeling system
Authors: Lagos Magdalena Sofía , Muñoz José Francisco , Suárez Francisco Ignacio , Fuenzalida María José , Yáñez‐Morroni Gonzalo , Sanzana Pedro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA dispute between Chile and Bolivia regarding the status and use of the waters of the Silala River resulted in proceedings before the International Court of Justice, initiated in 2016. The magnitude of the effect of historical channelization in Bolivia on surface water flows emerged as a major point of disagreement. Based on modeling by the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI), using the MIKE‐SHE and MIKE‐11 modeling systems, Bolivia suggested initially that the channels had increased surface flow by 30%–40% and later by 11%–33%. In the opinion of Chile's international experts, these effects would be small. This paper reviews the use of DHI's models by Bolivia and, subsequently, by Chile. Concerns about Bolivia's modeling raised by Chile included the selection of boundary conditions, inconsistent use of the two models for different scenarios, the use of inconsistent topographies for different scenarios, unexplained additions of water and numerical instabilities affecting the results. To investigate these discrepancies, additional simulations were performed by Chile. DHI's MIKE‐SHE and MIKE‐11 models were used for all scenarios, with consistent topography, spring and surface water flow representation. Numerical instabilities were reduced by adjustment of time steps and channel topography. These simulations showed that removing the channels reduces surface flow by a maximum of 3.5 L/s, or 2.4%. The sum of the groundwater and surface water outflow decreases by 2.6 L/s or 1.0%. This small decrease lies within the modeling error but is consistent with the expected effect of minor changes in evaporation.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Human Water > Rights to Water
Science of Water > Methods
A Digital Shadow Reference Model for Worldwide Production Labs
Authors: Michael Judith , Koren István , Dimitriadis Iraklis , Fulterer Judith , Gannouni Aymen , Heithoff Malte , Hermann Annkristin , Hornberg Katharina , Kröger Moritz , Sapel Patrick , Schäfer Niklas , Theissen-Lipp Johannes , Decker Stefan , Hopmann Christian , Jarke Matthias , Rumpe Bernhard , Schmitt Robert H. , Schuh Günther 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to their growing amount and heterogeneity, we need a precise and standardized understanding about the foundation, structure, and forms of aggregation and especially the use of data and models within the production domain. Our aim is to investigate how to model data elements and static and dynamic relationships as well as their physical resources in the IoP, in a cross-disciplinary life cycle spanning cooperation as a basis for information management, meeting all technical, scientific-ethical, and legal framework conditions. The core solution for this challenge is the use of an adequate set of modeling techniques, transformations, and their integration with digital shadows. This chapter provides a deep insight into relevant concepts that constitute a digital shadow, link it to their semantics defined by appropriate metamodels, and discuss the data and models a digital shadow consists of in four use cases. We show a method to derive digital shadows and introduce their life cycle in relation to the product life cycle. These concepts are the foundation for data and model sharing within digital shadows applicable for worldwide production labs.
From a Liquid Society, Through Technological Imagination, to Beyond the Knowledge Society
Authors: Giovenale Anna Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper aims to introduce the Proceedings of the Conference “Technological Imagination in the Green and Digital Transition”, starting from the initial idea. The Scientific Community has been invited to propose visions of technological imagination, in a time of great uncertainty and fragility, so that they could be subjected to a highly interesting analysis. The theme of “fragile” cities and habitats highlights the necessary transition from liquid society beyond the knowledge society. For the purposes of conference, it was noted that these themes, each with its own in-depth considerations, are to be found, thanks to the different contributions, in all of the various sessions. The Conclusions are to upgrade national and international research systems and to change the training modalities.