bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation Oncology Research in Asia: Current Status and a Peep Into the Future From the Federation of Asian Organizations for Radiation Oncology
Authors: Chopra Supriya , Gupta Ankita , Aoyama Hidefumi , Wu Hong-Gyun , Mahmood Humera , Tharavichitkul Ekkasit , Khine Aung , Gandhi Ajeet , Faruque Golam Mohiuddin , Cruz Misael , Kodrat Henry , Xue Xiaoying , Abeysinghe Prasad , Ho Gwo Fuang , Minjgee Minjmaa , Tey Jeremy , Gao Xianshu 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSEThis survey was conducted to assess the current research practices among the 14 members of the Federation of Asian Organizations for Radiation Oncology (FARO) committee, to inform measures for research capacity building in these nations.MATERIALS AND METHODSA 19-item electronic survey was sent to two research committee members from the 14 representative national radiation oncology organizations (N = 28) that are a part of FARO.RESULTSThirteen of the 14 member organizations (93%) and 20 of 28 members (71.5%) responded to the questionnaire. Only 50% of the members stated that an active research environment existed in their country. Retrospective audits (80%) and observational studies (75%) were the most common type of research conducted in these centers. Lack of time (80%), lack of funding (75%), and limited training in research methodology (40%) were cited as the most common hindrances in conducting research. To promote research initiatives in the collaborative setting, 95% of the members agreed to the creation of site-specific groups, with head and neck (45%) and gynecological cancers (25%) being the most preferred disease sites. Projects focused on advanced external beam radiotherapy implementation (40%), and cost-effectiveness studies (35%) were cited as some of the potential areas for future collaboration. On the basis of the survey results, after result discussion and the FARO officers meeting, an action plan for the research committee has been created.CONCLUSIONThe results from the survey and the initial policy structure may allow facilitation of radiation oncology research in the collaborative setting. Centralization of research activities, funding support, and research-directed training are underway to help foster a successful research environment in the FARO region.
Clinical and Genomic Features of Response and Toxicity to Sotorasib in a Real-World Cohort of Patients With Advanced KRAS G12C-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Thummalapalli Rohit , Bernstein Ezra , Herzberg Benjamin , Li Bob T. , Iqbal Afsheen , Preeshagul Isabel , Santini Fernando C. , Eng Juliana , Ladanyi Marc , Yang Soo-Ryum , Shen Ronglai , Lito Piro , Riely Gregory J. , Sabari Joshua K. , Arbour Kathryn C. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE With the recent approval of the KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib for patients with advanced KRAS G12C-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there is a new need to identify factors associated with activity and toxicity among patients treated in routine practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of patients treated with sotorasib outside of clinical trials to identify factors associated with real-world progression free survival (rwPFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. RESULTS Among 105 patients with advanced KRAS G12C-mutant NSCLC treated with sotorasib, treatment led to a 5.3-month median rwPFS, 12.6-month median OS, and 28% real-world response rate. KEAP1 comutations were associated with shorter rwPFS and OS (rwPFS hazard ratio [HR], 3.19; P = .004; OS HR, 4.10; P = .003); no significant differences in rwPFS or OS were observed across TP53 (rwPFS HR, 1.10; P = .731; OS HR, 1.19; P = .631) or STK11 (rwPFS HR, 1.66; P = .098; OS HR, 1.73; P = .168) comutation status. Notably, almost all patients who developed grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events (G3+ TRAEs) had previously been treated with anti–PD-(L)1 therapy. Among these patients, anti–PD-(L)1 therapy exposure within 12 weeks of sotorasib was strongly associated with G3+ TRAEs ( P < .001) and TRAE-related sotorasib discontinuation ( P = .014). Twenty-eight percent of patients with recent anti–PD-(L)1 therapy exposure experienced G3+ TRAEs, most commonly hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Among patients treated with sotorasib in routine practice, KEAP1 comutations were associated with resistance and recent anti–PD-(L)1 therapy exposure was associated with toxicity. These observations may help guide use of sotorasib in the clinic and may help inform the next generation of KRAS G12C-targeted clinical trials.
Diagnostic Yield From a Nationwide Implementation of Precision Medicine for all Children With Cancer
Authors: Wadensten Elisabeth , Wessman Sandra , Abel Frida , Diaz De Ståhl Teresita , Tesi Bianca , Orsmark Pietras Christina , Arvidsson Linda , Taylan Fulya , Fransson Susanne , Vogt Hartmut , Poluha Anna , Pradhananga Sailendra , Hellberg Maria , Lagerstedt-Robinson Kristina , Raj Somarajan Praveen , Samuelsson Sofie , Orrsjö Sara , Maqbool Khurram , Henning Karin , Strid Tobias , Ek Torben , Fagman Henrik , Olsson Bontell Thomas , Martinsson Tommy , Puls Florian , Kogner Per , Wirta Valtteri , Pronk Cornelis Jan , Wille Joakim , Rosenquist Richard , Nistér Monica , Mertens Fredrik , Sabel Magnus , Norén-Nyström Ulrika , Grillner Pernilla , Nordgren Ann , Ljungman Gustaf , Sandgren Johanna , Gisselsson David ,   for the Genomic Medicine Sweden Childhood Cancer Working Group
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE Several studies have indicated that broad genomic characterization of childhood cancer provides diagnostically and/or therapeutically relevant information in selected high-risk cases. However, the extent to which such characterization offers clinically actionable data in a prospective broadly inclusive setting remains largely unexplored. METHODS We implemented prospective whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of tumor and germline, complemented by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) for all children diagnosed with a primary or relapsed solid malignancy in Sweden. Multidisciplinary molecular tumor boards were set up to integrate genomic data in the clinical decision process along with a medicolegal framework enabling secondary use of sequencing data for research purposes. RESULTS During the study's first 14 months, 118 solid tumors from 117 patients were subjected to WGS, with complementary RNA-Seq for fusion gene detection in 52 tumors. There was no significant geographic bias in patient enrollment, and the included tumor types reflected the annual national incidence of pediatric solid tumor types. Of the 112 tumors with somatic mutations, 106 (95%) exhibited alterations with a clear clinical correlation. In 46 of 118 tumors (39%), sequencing only corroborated histopathological diagnoses, while in 59 cases (50%), it contributed to additional subclassification or detection of prognostic markers. Potential treatment targets were found in 31 patients (26%), most commonly ALK mutations/fusions (n = 4), RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway mutations (n = 14), FGFR1 mutations/fusions (n = 5), IDH1 mutations (n = 2), and NTRK2 gene fusions (n = 2). In one patient, the tumor diagnosis was revised based on sequencing. Clinically relevant germline variants were detected in 8 of 94 patients (8.5%). CONCLUSION Up-front, large-scale genomic characterization of pediatric solid malignancies provides diagnostically valuable data in the majority of patients also in a largely unselected cohort.
31-Gene Expression Profile Testing in Cutaneous Melanoma and Survival Outcomes in a Population-Based Analysis: A SEER Collaboration
Authors: Bailey Christine N. , Martin Brian J. , Petkov Valentina I. , Schussler Nicola C. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Bentler Suzanne , Cress Rosemary D. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Durbin Eric B. , Gomez Scarlett L. , Gonsalves Lou , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Liu Lihua , Morawski Bożena M. , Schymura Maria J. , Schwartz Stephen M. , Ward Kevin C. , Wiggins Charles , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Goldberg Matthew S. , Siegel Jennifer J. , Cook Robert W. , Covington Kyle R. , Kurley Sarah J. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE The DecisionDx-Melanoma 31-gene expression profile (31-GEP) test is validated to classify cutaneous malignant melanoma (CM) patient risk of recurrence, metastasis, or death as low (class 1A), intermediate (class 1B/2A), or high (class 2B). This study aimed to examine the effect of 31-GEP testing on survival outcomes and confirm the prognostic ability of the 31-GEP at the population level. METHODS Patients with stage I-III CM with a clinical 31-GEP result between 2016 and 2018 were linked to data from 17 SEER registries (n = 4,687) following registries' operation procedures for linkages. Melanoma-specific survival (MSS) and overall survival (OS) differences by 31-GEP risk category were examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression model to evaluate variables associated with survival. 31-GEP tested patients were propensity score–matched to a cohort of non–31-GEP tested patients from the SEER database. Robustness of the effect of 31-GEP testing was assessed using resampling. RESULTS Patients with a 31-GEP class 1A result had higher 3-year MSS and OS than patients with a class 1B/2A or class 2B result (MSS: 99.7% v 97.1% v 89.6%, P < .001; OS: 96.6% v 90.2% v 79.4%, P < .001). A class 2B result was an independent predictor of MSS (HR, 7.00; 95% CI, 2.70 to 18.00) and OS (HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.54 to 3.70). 31-GEP testing was associated with a 29% lower MSS mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.94) and 17% lower overall mortality (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99) relative to untested patients. CONCLUSION In a population-based, clinically tested melanoma cohort, the 31-GEP stratified patients by their risk of dying from melanoma.
Directed differentiation of human hindbrain neuroepithelial stem cells recapitulates cerebellar granule neurogenesis
Authors: Dave Biren M. , Chen Xin , McCready Fraser , Charton Connor S. , Morley Rachel M. , Tailor Jignesh K. , Ellis James , Huang Xi , Dirks Peter B. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) are the most abundant neurons in the human brain. Dysregulation of their development underlies movement disorders and medulloblastomas. It is suspected that these disorders arise in progenitor states of the CGN lineage, for which human models are lacking. Here, we have differentiated human hindbrain neuroepithelial stem (hbNES) cells to CGNs in vitro using soluble growth factors, recapitulating key progenitor states in the lineage. We show that hbNES cells are not lineage committed and retain rhombomere 1 regional identity. Upon differentiation, hbNES cells transit through a rhombic lip (RL) progenitor state at day 7, demonstrating human specific sub-ventricular cell identities. This RL state is followed by an ATOH1+ CGN progenitor state at day 14. By the end of a 56-day differentiation procedure, we obtain functional neurons expressing CGN markers GABAARα6 and vGLUT2. We show that sonic hedgehog promotes GABAergic lineage specification and CGN progenitor proliferation. Our work presents a new model with which to study development and diseases of the CGN lineage in a human context.
Investigating the circulating sphingolipidome response to a single high-intensity interval training session within healthy females and males in their twenties (SphingoHIIT): Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Carrard Justin , Angst Thomas , Weber Nadia , Bienvenue Joëlle , Infanger Denis , Streese Lukas , Hinrichs Timo , Croci Ilaria , Schmied Christian , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Höchsmann Christoph , Koehler Karsten , Hanssen Henner , Ivanisevic Julijana , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Growing scientific evidence indicates that sphingolipids predict cardiometabolic risk, independently of and beyond traditional biomarkers such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To date, it remains largely unknown if and how exercise, a simple, low-cost, and patient-empowering modality to optimise cardiometabolic health, influences sphingolipid levels. The SphingoHIIT study aims to assess the response of circulating sphingolipid species to a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: This single-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) will last 11 days per participant and aim to include 32 young and healthy individuals aged 20-29 (50% females). Participants will be randomly allocated to the HIIT (n= 16) or control groups (physical rest, n= 16). Participants will self-sample fasted dried blood spots for three consecutive days before the intervention (HIIT versus rest) to determine baseline sphingolipid levels. Dried blood spots will also be collected at five time points (2, 15, 30, 60min, and 24h) following the intervention (HIIT versus rest). To minimise the dietary influence, participants will receive a standardised diet for four days, starting 24 hours before the first dried blood sampling. For females, interventions will be timed to fall within the early follicular phase to minimise the menstrual cycle's influence on sphingolipid levels. Finally, physical activity will be monitored for the whole study duration using a wrist accelerometer. Ethics and dissemination: The Ethics Committee of Northwest and Central Switzerland approved this protocol (ID 2022–00513). Findings will be disseminated in scientific journals and meetings. Trial Registration The trial was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05390866, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05390866) on May 25, 2022.
Local diagnostics of aurora presence based on intelligent analysis of geomagnetic data
Authors: Vorobev Andrey , Soloviev Anatoly , Pilipenko Vyacheslav , Vorobeva Gulnara , Gainetdinova Aliya , Lapin Aleksandr , Belahovskiy Vladimir , Roldugin Alexey 
Published: June 2023

Despite the existing variety of approaches to monitoring space weather and geophysical parameters in the auroral oval region, the issue of effective prediction and diagnostics of auroras as a special state of the upper ionosphere at high latitudes remains virtually unresolved.
In this paper, we explore the possibility of local diagnostics of auroras through mining of geomagnetic data from ground-based sources. We assess the significance of indicative variables and their statistical relationship.
So, for example, the application of Bayesian inference to the data from the Lovozero geophysical station for 2012–2020 has shown that the dependence of a posteriori probability of observing auroras in the optical range on the state of geomagnetic parameters is logarithmic, and the degree of its significance is inversely proportional to the discrepancy between empirical data and approximating function.
The accuracy of the approach to diagnostics of aurora presence based on the random forest method is at least 86 % when using several local predictors and ~80 % when using several global geomagnetic activity indices characterizing the geomagnetic field disturbance in the auroral zone.
In conclusion, we discuss promising ways to improve the quality metrics of diagnostic models and their scope.
Cosmic ray fluctuations and MHD waves in the solar wind
Authors: Starodubtsev Sergei , Zverev Anton , Gololobov Peter , Grigoryev Vladislav 
Published: June 2023

During large-scale solar wind disturbances, variations in galactic cosmic rays with periods from several minutes to 2–3 hours, which are called cosmic ray fluctuations in the scientific literature, often occur. Such fluctuations are not observed in the absence of disturbances. Since cosmic rays are charged particles, their modulation in the heliosphere occurs mainly under the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field, or rather its turbulent part — MHD waves. In order to adequately describe the relationship between their fluctuation spectra, it is necessary to be able to isolate a certain type of MHD waves from direct measurements of the interplanetary medium parameters. In this paper, we consider some methods for determining the contribution of three solar wind MHD turbulence branches, namely, Alfvén, fast, and slow magnetosonic waves corresponding to the turbulence spectrum inertial region frequencies 10⁻⁴<ν<10⁻¹ Hz, at which cosmic ray fluctuations are observed, to the observed power spectra of interplanetary magnetic field modulus fluctuations. To do this, we apply the methods of spectral and polarization analysis. In the absence of measurement data on SW parameters, to identify the type of MHD turbulence we use the known wave polarization properties that Alfvén and magnetosonic waves are polarized in different planes relative to the plane containing the average IMF vector and wave vector.
Our results show that with the correct determination of the spectra of three MHD wave types, their sum, within the limits of errors, agrees well with the observed spectra of the interplanetary magnetic field modulus, and a small difference can be attributed to static inhomogeneities and oscillations frozen into plasma, as well as to various discontinuities that are always inevitably present in the solar wind.
JUSTIÇA JUVENIL - DA PUNIÇÃO À RESTAURAÇÃO: CAMINHOS PARA A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA A SITUAÇÕES DE ADOLESCENTES EM CONFLITO COM A LEI NO BRASIL / JUVENILE JUSTICE - FROM PUNISHMENT TO RESTORATION: WAYS TO IMPLEMENT RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN SITUATIONS OF ADOLESCENTS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW IN BRAZIL
Authors: Moreira Nelson Camatta , Lorenzoni Lara Ferreira , Binda Filho Douglas Luis , Lemos Letícia Pereira 
Published: June 2023

Resumo: Apesar de avanços conquistados no Sistema de Justiça Juvenil, ainda persistem marcas retributivas e compensatórias muito fortes que pouco contribuem para a efetiva ressocialização do jovem em conflito com a lei. O presente estudo, por meio de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com investigação bibliográfica e documental, valendo-se do método hermenêutico-fenomenológico, investiga em quais pontos a abordagem da Justiça Restaurativa pode melhorar o tratamento dado aos menores infratores no contexto brasileiro. Em um primeiro momento, são analisadas as categorias ato infracional, medidas socioeducativas e remissão. Em seguida, exploram-se as possibilidades da Justiça Restaurativa no âmbito da Justiça Juvenil brasileira, a fim de compreender em que esse sistema efetivamente influencia no tratamento de menores infratores. Conclui-se que a Justiça Restaurativa Juvenil é um campo de potencialidades para o desenvolvimento de uma solução que atenda melhor tanto as vítimas quanto os menores infratores e a comunidade.Palavras-chave: Sistema de Justiça Juvenil; Justiça Restaurativa; Adolescente em conflito com a lei. Abstract: Despite the advances achieved in the Juvenile Justice System, there are still very strong retributive and compensatory marks that contribute little to the effective resocialization of young people in conflict with the law. The present article, through qualitative research, employing bibliographical and documental investigation, and adopting the hermeneutic phenomenological method, investigates in which points the Restorative Justice approach can improve the treatment given to minor offenders in the Brazilian context. Primarily, the categories infraction, socio-educational measures and remission are analyzed. Subsequently, the possibilities of Restorative Justice within the scope of the Brazilian Juvenile Justice are explored, in order to understand how this system effectively contributes to the treatment of juvenile offenders. It is concluded that Restorative Juvenile Justice is a field of potential for the development of a solution that better serves both victims, minor offenders and the community.Keywords: Juvenile Justice System; Restorative Justice; Adolescents in conflict with the law.
Psychometric proprieties of the Arabic Cambridge worry scale among pregnant women
Authors: Mohammad Khitam I , Hayajneh Waleed , Aldalaykeh M , Rababa Mohammad , Alafi Khaled K , Creedy DK , Gamble J , Al Bashtawy Mohammed , Abdullah Alkawaldeh , Asem Abdalrahim 
Published: June 2023

Background/AimsThe reliability and validity of an Arabic version of the Cambridge worry scale have not been established among Arabic-speaking women. The aim of this study was to validate the Arabic version of the scale with a sample of pregnant women in Jordan.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women (n=369) in their third trimester. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to explore the underlying structure of the Arabic scale.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factors construct jointly accounting for 83.7% of variance. The factors were sociomedical, socioeconomic, health of the mother/others and baby, and relationships. The confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor model with a root mean square error of approximation of 0.073. The alpha coefficient for the Arabic subscales ranged from 0.86–0.97.ConclusionsThe Arabic version of the scale is a valid and reliable measure of common worries during pregnancy. It can provide valuable information on common concerns experienced by Jordanian women and guide psychosocial care. Understanding women's concerns will enable healthcare professionals to provide assistance and support, as well as to better meet pregnancy-related and psychosocial needs of pregnant women.
Perspectives on and the road towards 100  Gb/s TDM PON with intensity-modulation and direct-detection
Authors: Bonk Rene , Harstead Ed , Borkowski Robert , Houtsma Vincent , Lefevre Yannick , Mahadevan Amitkumar , van Veen Dora , Verplaetse Michiel , Walklin Sheldon 
Published: June 2023

We assess the status of current generation 25G and 50G time division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM PON) technologies based on leveraging the cost efficiencies of the Ethernet intra-datacenter ecosystem. As a first step towards 100G TDM PON, we predict the real-world impact of a flexible modulation enhancement to 50G PON, whereby four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) symbols can be transmitted at the same symbol rate as 50 Gb/s PAM2, but only where excess margins permit. We find that sufficient margins are likely to exist to allow for a majority of future 50G PON optical network units to operate at 100 Gb/s PAM4. Next, we look at the options for a 100G PON capable of supporting the full loss budget and reach requirements. There is no technical risk if coherent technology is adopted, but intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM-DD) will provide lower complexity, lower cost, and lower power dissipation. We evaluate this option and conclude that by following IM-DD Ethernet optics to 100 GBd, single wavelength IM-DD will continue to be feasible for 100G PON and will be a strong contender for the next generation of PON after 50 Gb/s.