bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining rheological behavior of CeO2-GO-SA/10W40 ternary hybrid nanofluid based on experiments and COMBI/ANN/RSM modeling
Authors: Sepehrnia Mojtaba , Maleki Hamid , Karimi Mahsa , Nabati Erfan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, the rheological behavior and dynamic viscosity of 10W40 engine oil in the presence of ternary-hybrid nanomaterials of cerium oxide (CeO2), graphene oxide (GO), and silica aerogel (SA) were investigated experimentally. Nanofluid viscosity was measured over a volume fraction range of VF = 0.25–1.5%, a temperature range of T = 5–55 °C, and a shear rate range of SR = 40–1000 rpm. The preparation of ternary-hybrid nanofluids involved a two-step process, and the nanomaterials were dispersed in SAE 10W40 using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic device. In addition, CeO2, GO, and SA nanoadditives underwent X-ray diffraction-based structural analysis. The non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) behavior of ternary-hybrid nanofluid at all temperatures and volume fractions is revealed by analyzing shear stress, dynamic viscosity, and power-law model coefficients. However, the nanofluids tend to Newtonian behavior at low temperatures. For instance, dynamic viscosity declines with increasing shear rate between 4.51% (at 5 °C) and 41.59% (at 55 °C) for the 1.5 vol% nanofluid. The experimental results demonstrated that the viscosity of ternary-hybrid nanofluid declines with increasing temperature and decreasing volume fraction. For instance, assuming a constant SR of 100 rpm and a temperature increase from 5 to 55 °C, the dynamic viscosity increases by at least 95.05% (base fluid) and no more than 95.82% (1.5 vol% nanofluid). Furthermore, by increasing the volume fraction from 0 to 1.5%, the dynamic viscosity increases by a minimum of 14.74% (at 5 °C) and a maximum of 35.94% (at 55 °C). Moreover, different methods (COMBI algorithm, GMDH-type ANN, and RSM) were used to develop models for the nanofluid's dynamic viscosity, and their accuracy and complexity were compared. The COMBI algorithm with R2 = 0.9995 had the highest accuracy among the developed models. Additionally, RSM and COMBI were able to generate predictive models with the least complexity.
Convolutional neural network for automated segmentation of the liver and its vessels on non-contrast T1 vibe Dixon acquisitions
Authors: Zbinden Lukas , Catucci Damiano , Suter Yannick , Berzigotti Annalisa , Ebner Lukas , Christe Andreas , Obmann Verena Carola , Sznitman Raphael , Huber Adrian Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the effectiveness of automated segmentation of the liver and its vessels with a convolutional neural network on non-contrast T1 vibe Dixon acquisitions. A dataset of non-contrast T1 vibe Dixon liver magnetic resonance images was labelled slice-by-slice for the outer liver border, portal, and hepatic veins by an expert. A 3D U-Net convolutional neural network was trained with different combinations of Dixon in-phase, opposed-phase, water, and fat reconstructions. The neural network trained with the single-modal in-phase reconstructions achieved a high performance for liver parenchyma (Dice 0.936 ± 0.02), portal veins (0.634 ± 0.09), and hepatic veins (0.532 ± 0.12) segmentation. No benefit of using multi-modal input was observed (p = 1.0 for all experiments), combining in-phase, opposed-phase, fat, and water reconstruction. Accuracy for differentiation between portal and hepatic veins was 99% for portal veins and 97% for hepatic veins in the central region and slightly lower in the peripheral region (91% for portal veins, 80% for hepatic veins). In conclusion, deep learning-based automated segmentation of the liver and its vessels on non-contrast T1 vibe Dixon was highly effective. The single-modal in-phase input achieved the best performance in segmentation and differentiation between portal and hepatic veins.
Effect of sound insulation on noise reduction in an agricultural tractor cab
Authors: Han Hyun-Woo , Im Won-Hong , Choi Hyo-Joon , Cho Seung-Je , Lee Sang-Dae , Park Young-Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTractor cab interior noise is a risk factor that degrades operators’ work performance and threatens their health; therefore, the noise must be reduced to ensure farmworkers’ safety and efficiency. Cab interior noise can be classified as structure-borne noise and air-borne noise. Structure-borne noise has been extensively studied. However, although air-borne noise greatly contributes to cab interior noise, detailed frequency-domain analyses have not been performed. In this study, the components of cab interior noise were identified in the frequency domain through an order analysis, which helped improve the sound insulation of the cab and reduce the effects of air-borne noise. A test was performed while driving a tractor on a chassis dynamometer in a semi-anechoic chamber for reproducible measurement and evaluation. The A-weighted sound pressure was transformed by a fast Fourier transform algorithm, and its order was tracked by the engine speed signal. In addition, a direct path was identified by acoustic images using a sound camera. The contributions of major noise sources were identified through an order analysis. We proved that air-borne noise significantly contributes to the interior noise of tractor cabs and that improvement of the cab sound insulation is an effective noise-reduction technique.
Part one: abuse liability of Vuse Solo (G2) electronic nicotine delivery system relative to combustible cigarettes and nicotine gum
Authors: Campbell Chris , Jin Tao , Round Elaine K. , Schmidt Eckhardt , Nelson Paul , Baxter Sarah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbuse liability (AL) of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is relevant as the category increases in popularity as a potentially less-harmful alternative to cigarette smoking. AL assessments are important to the FDA in determining if a new product is appropriate for the protection of public health. This paper reports the results for Vuse Solo (G2 cartridge design) compared to high and low AL-comparators evaluated in an open-label, randomized crossover confinement AL study. The confinement design was adapted from previous ambulatory studies of Vuse Solo (G1 cartridge design) and included product familiarization sessions before each four-hour test session in which subjective measures, nicotine pharmacokinetics (PK), and physiological endpoints were assessed following a single 10-min ad libitum product use session. Product liking, intent to use again, suppression of urge to smoke, and nicotine PK were lower after use of Vuse Solo compared to cigarettes and higher after use of Vuse Solo compared to nicotine gum. No significant differences in blood pressure or heart rate were observed between the products pre- to post-product use. These data reinforce previous research and provide the scientific evidence to support regulatory decisions demonstrating that Vuse Solo has an AL profile lower than that of combustible cigarettes but higher than that of nicotine gum and, therefore, may be a suitable replacement for cigarette smoking for some adult smokers.
Classification at the accuracy limit: facing the problem of data ambiguity
Authors: Metzner Claus , Schilling Achim , Traxdorf Maximilian , Tziridis Konstantin , Maier Andreas , Schulze Holger , Krauss Patrick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractData classification, the process of analyzing data and organizing it into categories or clusters, is a fundamental computing task of natural and artificial information processing systems. Both supervised classification and unsupervised clustering work best when the input vectors are distributed over the data space in a highly non-uniform way. These tasks become however challenging in weakly structured data sets, where a significant fraction of data points is located in between the regions of high point density. We derive the theoretical limit for classification accuracy that arises from this overlap of data categories. By using a surrogate data generation model with adjustable statistical properties, we show that sufficiently powerful classifiers based on completely different principles, such as perceptrons and Bayesian models, all perform at this universal accuracy limit under ideal training conditions. Remarkably, the accuracy limit is not affected by certain non-linear transformations of the data, even if these transformations are non-reversible and drastically reduce the information content of the input data. We further compare the data embeddings that emerge by supervised and unsupervised training, using the MNIST data set and human EEG recordings during sleep. We find for MNIST that categories are significantly separated not only after supervised training with back-propagation, but also after unsupervised dimensionality reduction. A qualitatively similar cluster enhancement by unsupervised compression is observed for the EEG sleep data, but with a very small overall degree of cluster separation. We conclude that the handwritten letters in MNIST can be considered as ’natural kinds’, whereas EEG sleep recordings are a relatively weakly structured data set, so that unsupervised clustering will not necessarily re-cover the human-defined sleep stages.
Probabilistic human health risk assessment of 1,3-butadiene and styrene exposure using Monte Carlo simulation technique in the carpet production industry
Authors: khoshakhlagh Amir Hossein , Gruszecka-Kosowska Agnieszka , Adeniji Abiodun Olagoke , Tran Lang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChemicals containing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are commonly used in the machine carpet production. 1,3-butadiene and styrene are main components of the carpenter’s glue used in carpet factories. Exposition to these chemicals can lead to a number of adverse health effects. This is the first study of the human health risk assessment due to inhalational exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD) and styrene (ST) performed among workers in the carpet factories in Kashan city, Iran. The importance of the study was related with the fact of high popularity of carpet production in the South Asia countries. Inhalation exposure to BD and ST were measured based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 1024 and 1501 methods, respectively. The cancerogenic risk (CR) and non-cancerogenic risk described as Hazard Quotient (HQ) values were calculated based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis were performed by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The average concentration measured of BD and ST during work shifts of employees were 0.039 mg m−3 (0.017 ppm) and 12.108 mg m−3 (2.84 ppm), respectively. The mean ± SD value of estimated cancerogenic risk in inhalation exposure to BD and ST were equal to 5.13 × 10–3 ± 3.85 × 10–4 and 1.44 × 10–3 ± 2.36 × 10–4, respectively exceeding the acceptable risk level of 10–6 defined by USEPA. The average non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of BD and ST were equal to 8.50 × 100 and 5.13 × 100, respectively exceeding the acceptable risk level of 1. As the results of our studies exceeded both cancerogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values it indicates that adverse health effects due to inhalational exposure to BD and ST for workers in the machine carpet industry are very likely. To avoid negative health effects protective measures for employees in the factories should be introduced immediately and furher detailed research are recommended.
A machine learning approach to analyse ozone concentration in metropolitan area of Lima, Peru
Authors: Carbo-Bustinza Natalí , Belmonte Marisol , Jimenez Vasti , Montalban Paula , Rivera Magiory , Martínez Fredi Gutiérrez , Mohamed Mohamed Mehdi Hadi , De La Cruz Alex Rubén Huamán , da Costa Kleyton , López-Gonzales Javier Linkolk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to model the concentration of ozone in the winter season on air quality through machine learning algorithms, detecting its impact on population health. The study area involves four monitoring stations: Ate, San Borja, Santa Anita and Campo de Marte, all located in Metropolitan Lima during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. Exploratory, correlational and predictive approaches are presented. The exploratory results showed that ATE is the station with the highest prevalence of ozone pollution. Likewise, in an hourly scale analysis, the pollution peaks were reported at 00:00 and 14:00. Finally, the machine learning models that showed the best predictive capacity for adjusting the ozone concentration were the linear regression and support vector machine.
Effect of ceramic and resin cement type on color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers for diastema closure: an in vitro study
Authors: Elkhishen Eman Adel , Al-Zordk Walid , Hassouna Mahy , Elsherbini Ahmed , Sakrana Amal Abdelsamad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo investigate the effect of resin cements on the color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers used for diastema closure. Sixty resin abutments were prepared for ceramic laminate veneers and divided into six groups according to the ceramic type (lithium disilicate, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, and translucent zirconia) and the cement type (Variolink Esthetic LC and RelyX Veneer). Color coordinates and translucency were analyzed after cementation and after soaking in the coffee solution. Differences in color and translucency were estimated, and results were statistically assessed (α = 0.05). Ceramic materials showed a significant impact on color changes after soaking in coffee within Variolink Esthetic groups. Translucent zirconia showed the highest color change, followed by zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and lithium disilicate. Ceramic materials showed a significant impact among the RelyX Veneer groups. A significant interaction in color changes was found between ceramic types and cement types after cementation, and after soaking in coffee was found. All groups showed a clinically acceptable difference in translucency parameters after soaking in coffee. The resin cement affects the color and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers used for diastema closure, and ceramic laminate veneers bonded with Variolink Esthetic LC resin cement are more translucent, while ceramic laminate veneers bonded with RelyX Veneer resin are more resistant to coffee staining. The lithium disilicate laminate veneer is more resistant to coffee staining than zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and translucent zirconia laminate veneers used for diastema closure.
Topological phase transitions without symmetry indication in NaZnSb$$_{1-x}$$Bi$$_x$$
Authors: Jeong Jaemo , Kim Dongwook , Kim Youngkuk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study topological phase transitions in tetragonal NaZnSb$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

Bi$$_x$$

x

, driven by the chemical composition x. Notably, we examine mirror Chern numbers that change without symmetry indicators. First-principles calculations are performed to show that NaZnSb$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

Bi$$_x$$

x

experiences consecutive topological phase transitions, diagnosed by the strong $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

topological index $$\nu _{0}$$

ν
0

and two mirror Chern numbers $$\mu _{x}$$

μ
x

and $$\mu _{xy}$$

μ

xy

. As the chemical composition x increases, the topological invariants ($$\mu _{x}\mu _{xy}\nu _{0}$$

μ
x

μ

xy

ν
0

) change from (000), (020), (220), to (111) at x = 0.15, 0.20, and 0.53, respectively. A simplified low-energy effective model is developed to examine the mirror Chern number changes, highlighting the central role of spectator Dirac fermions in avoiding symmetry indicators. Our findings suggest that NaZnSb$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

Bi$$_{x}$$

x

can be an exciting testbed for exploring the interplay between the topology and symmetry.
Magnetic patterning of Co/Ni layered systems by plasma oxidation
Authors: Anastaziak Błażej , Andrzejewska Weronika , Schmidt Marek , Matczak Michał , Soldatov Ivan , Schäfer Rudolf , Lewandowski Mikołaj , Stobiecki Feliks , Janzen Christian , Ehresmann Arno , Kuświk Piotr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe studied the structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of Ti/Au/Co/Ni layered systems subjected to plasma oxidation. The process results in the formation of NiO at the expense of metallic Ni, as clearly evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while not affecting the surface roughness and grain size of the Co/Ni bilayers. Since the decrease of the thickness of the Ni layer and the formation of NiO increase the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, oxidation may be locally applied for magnetic patterning. Using this approach, we created 2D heterostructures characterized by different combinations of magnetic properties in areas modified by plasma oxidation and in the regions protected from oxidation. As plasma oxidation is an easy to use, low cost, and commonly utilized technique in industrial applications, it may constitute an improvement over other magnetic patterning methods.
Preparation, characterization and in-vivo efficacy study of glatiramer acetate (GA)-hydrogel-microparticles as novel drug delivery system for GA in RRMS
Authors: Hadidi Naghmeh , Pazuki Gholamreza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRelapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic Central nervous system autoimmune disease. There is no absolute treatment for MS and the available remedies are called disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Glatiramer acetate (GA) is one of the FDA approved DMTs. Currently, injection-site problems and unfavorable daily injection are the most common milestones in administration of GA. So that, the design of improved drug delivery systems with sustained release profile seem necessary and helpful in order to minimize GA adverse effects and improve patients’ compliance. In this study, we have manufactured a novel chitosan-PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)) hydrogel-microparticles containing GA by double emulsion method. Hydrogel-microparticles’ properties including size, morphology and GA loading were investigated. In-vitro drug release was studied during 30 days. In vivo efficacy of GA-hydrogel-microparticles was evaluated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an established animal model for MS. Pathological studies were performed through H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) staining of brain, spine, liver, skin and kidney tissues. Luxol fast blue staining of brain tissue was also done. The obtained results were applied for safety and efficacy evaluations. GA loading and Entrapment efficiency (EE %) of 60% and 95% were achieved, respectively. In- vitro release studies confirms a sustained release profile for GA-hydrogel-microparticles. Mean clinical scores and mean body weights obtained from EAE animal model for GA-hydrogel-microparticles were compared to the outcomes achieved from conventional Iranian brand-generic injection solution of GA (Copamer®, 20 mg/ml). EAE outcomes and pathological studies confirm similar therapeutic efficacy with longer dosing intervals possibility, improved safety through decreased adverse effects and elimination of site injection reactions for GA-hydrogel-microparticles. Further studies on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics in human volunteers are still required to thoroughly examine different aspects of this newly developed GA- hydrogel-microparticles.
Bifurcation phenomena in Taylor–Couette flow in a very short annulus with radial through-flow
Authors: Altmeyer Sebastian , Sankar M. , Do Younghae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, the non-linear dynamics of Taylor–Couette flow in a very small-aspect-ratio wide-gap annulus in a counter-rotating regime under the influence of radial through-flow are investigated by solving its full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Depending on the intensity of the radial flow, either an axisymmetric (pure$$m=0$$m=0mode) pulsating flow structure or an axisymmetric axially propagating vortex will appear subcritical, i.e.belowthe centrifugal instability threshold of the circular Couette flow. We show that the propagating vortices can be stably existed in two separate parameter regions, which feature different underlying dynamics. Although in one regime, the flow appears only as a limit cycle solution upon which saddle-node-invariant-circle bifurcation occurs, but in the other regime, it shows more complex dynamics with richer Hopf bifurcation sequences. That is, by presence of incommensurate frequencies, it can be appeared as 1-, 2- and 3-torus solutions, which is known as the Ruelle–Takens–Newhouse route to chaos. Therefore, the observed bifurcation scenario is the Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse route to chaos and the period doubling bifurcation, which exhibit rich and complex dynamics.
Guanidino acid hydrolysis by the human enzyme annotated as agmatinase
Authors: Sinn Malte , Stanoppi Marco , Hauth Franziskus , Fleming Jennifer R. , Funck Dietmar , Mayans Olga , Hartig Jörg S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGuanidino acids such as taurocyamine, guanidinobutyrate, guanidinopropionate, and guanidinoacetate have been detected in humans. However, except for guanidionacetate, which is a precursor of creatine, their metabolism and potential functions remain poorly understood. Agmatine has received considerable attention as a potential neurotransmitter and the human enzyme so far annotated as agmatinase (AGMAT) has been proposed as an important modulator of agmatine levels. However, conclusive evidence for the assigned enzymatic activity is lacking. Here we show that AGMAT hydrolyzed a range of linear guanidino acids but was virtually inactive with agmatine. Structural modelling and direct biochemical assays indicated that two naturally occurring variants differ in their substrate preferences. A negatively charged group in the substrate at the end opposing the guanidine moiety was essential for efficient catalysis, explaining why agmatine was not hydrolyzed. We suggest to rename AGMAT as guanidino acid hydrolase (GDAH). Additionally, we demonstrate that the GDAH substrates taurocyamine, guanidinobutyrate and guanidinopropionate were produced by human glycine amidinotransferase (GATM). The presented findings show for the first time an enzymatic activity for GDAH/AGMAT. Since agmatine has frequently been proposed as an endogenous neurotransmitter, the current findings clarify important aspects of the metabolism of agmatine and guanidino acid derivatives in humans.