bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portable thermal scanners to detect and monitor small endotherms: A comparative assessment of available equipment to guide practitioners
Authors: Dawlings Finella M. E. , Mackay Claire , Humphrey Morgan , Mitchell William F. , Sorrell Karina J. , Sanchez Sonia , Viola Benjamin M. , Clarke Rohan H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDetection is essential to studying and monitoring wild animals; however, detection is challenging for small endotherms that are nocturnal or best detected at night. Techniques such as trapping or spotlighting disturb focal species, and the effectiveness of spotlighting can be limited for cryptic species, resulting in low detection rates that hinder our ability to monitor and study some endotherms at night. Thermal scanners detect infrared wavelengths not otherwise visible to humans. With improvements in equipment size and cost, thermal scanners have emerged as a valuable tool for passive detection of endotherms. Here we seek to provide objective guidance on thermal tool selection to practitioners who wish to adopt such tools to detect and monitor small endotherms. We compared the efficacy of three handheld thermal scanners (of varying resolutions) and a traditional spotlight for detecting small, cryptic endotherms at night. Random arrays of artificially heated small bird models (representing small, cryptic endotherms) were established along transects in native grasslands that support a range of small threatened endotherms, including the Critically Endangered Plains‐wanderer (Pedionomus torquatus). Transects were independently surveyed by five observers, blind to model locations and model density. Performance measures representing detection capability were assessed for all devices, and usability of each device was assessed with a survey completed by all observers. Detection rates, detection distances, and survey accuracy were greater for thermal scanners with resolutions of 320 × 240 and 640 × 480 than for the spotlight. A low‐resolution thermal scope (160 × 120) performed poorly for all performance measures. There was a consensus among users that a video camera‐style thermal scanner was most comfortable to hold and view while traversing the transect, as opposed to thermal scopes where users look directly through the lens. These results suggest that high‐resolution thermal scanners (≥320 × 240) provide improved detection capabilities compared to traditional spotlights. Higher detection rates provide opportunities for detecting and monitoring small endotherms at night where this was once difficult or impossible.
Soil microbiomes of hardwood‐ versus pine‐dominated stands: Linkage with overstory species
Authors: Gilliam Frank S. , Hargis Elizabeth A. , Rabinowitz Sarah K. , Davis Brenton C. , Sweet Leo L. , Moss Joseph A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiodiversity in forest ecosystems is paradoxical. Whereas their most apparent component—the woody overstory—is the least diverse with respect to numbers of species, the least apparent component is the biotic community of highest diversity—the soil microbiome. Numerous factors influence the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities, which in turn exert a profound impact on plant species occupying the soil and the biogeochemistry of essential plant nutrients. Of interest in forest ecosystems is how the soil microbiome interacts with the overstory, a phenomenon referred to as linkage. This study compared the soil microbiome of two adjacent stand types—hardwood‐ and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)‐dominated—and addressed the following questions: (1) How does soil microbiome vary with stand type? (2) Do the forest overstory community and soil microbiome exhibit linkage? Twelve 0.04‐ha circular plots were established in each stand type to assess tree community composition and structure and to sample mineral soil for three separate analyses: assessment of soil fertility, measurement of total carbon and nitrogen (N), and extraction of genomic DNA for assessment of microbiome communities. All live stems ≥2.5 cm dbh in each plot were identified to species and measured for dbh to the nearest 0.1 cm. Mineral soil was taken from a depth of 5 cm and oven‐dried at 38°C prior to analyses. Hardwood stands were dominated by flowering magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) and southern evergreen oaks, whereas pine stands were dominated by longleaf pine and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Although soils of both stand types were highly acidic, the hardwood stands were generally higher in fertility, especially for total and available N. The overstory and soil microbial communities exhibited evidence of linkage among all sample plots combined. When assessed separately by stand type, only hardwood‐dominated stands displayed evidence of overstory/microbial linkage. These results have broader implications for future scenarios given the sensitivity of soil microbes to climate change.
Energy dissipation mechanisms in three‐dimensional rocking motion of cylindrical structures
Authors: Zhou Xun , Shen Yu , Li Jianzhong , Wang Xiaowei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing recognition that the rocking motion of structures, especially cylindrical ones, should be evaluated with three‐dimensional (3D) models. However, dissipation mechanisms in 3D models are complex and have yet to be well established. This paper presents an analytical study on an inherent dissipation mechanism based on the rolling friction model and an external dissipation mechanism based on energy dissipators (EDs) for 3D rocking cylindrical structures. Through a variational formulation, the nonlinear equations of motion are derived considering the rolling friction model and the Bouc–Wen model. Compared with the existing inherent dissipation model in literature, the rolling friction model has a noticeable advantage that it can capture the energy dissipation behavior during free vibration under various initial conditions. Additionally, the rolling friction model is more versatile since the contact coefficient is adjustable. On the other hand, external EDs further enhance the energy dissipation of the structures. Roles of the inherent and external mechanisms in the 3D rocking motion of cylindrical structures against earthquakes are assessed using a series of near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions. Results indicate the inherent dissipation mechanism, that is, the rolling friction model, cannot avoid overturning under near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions, leading to unstable structures. This is because an uplifted cylinder will continuously absorb energy from earthquake excitations, while the amount of energy dissipated by the rolling friction model is small. Comparatively, adding external EDs is effective in mitigating seismic responses and thereby avoiding overturning.
Resilience in children and youth in street situations in León, Nicaragua
Authors: Hamel Kayla , Bohr Yvonne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are tens of millions of children and youth in street situations (CYSS) worldwide, the majority of whom are males living in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Many of these children demonstrate impressive adaptability and resilience. The focus of the current research was on the resilience of male CYSS in León, Nicaragua. Qualitative data were collected through individual interviews and focus groups with CYSS, their family members, community members, and staff of a local nonprofit, with the objective of exploring and consolidating local understandings of resilience. Grounded theory analysis of qualitative data yielded a context‐specific conceptual model of resilience as it pertains to CYSS in León. Six qualities were identified to represent the experience of resilience in this group: agency, belonging, flexibility, protection, self‐regulation, and self‐worth. The knowledge generated from this research can serve as a foundation to develop and implement resilience‐promoting interventions for CYSS.
Lipopolysaccharide impairs neurodevelopment and induces changes in astroglial reactivity, antioxidant defenses and bioenergetics in the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats
Authors: Rojas Denise Bertin , Vizuete Adriana Fernanda K. , de Andrade Vivian Strassburger , de Andrade Rodrigo Binkowski , Gemelli Tanise , Kim Tomas Duk Hwa , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto , Leipnitz Guilhian , Wannmacher Clovis Milton Duval 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeonates have an immature immune system, which increases their vulnerability to infectious agents and inflammatory insults. The administration of the immunostimulatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to induce the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and cause behavior alterations in rodents at different ages. However, the effects of LPS administration during the neonatal period and its consequences during immune system maturation remain to be elucidated. We showed here that a single intraperitoneal administration of LPS in rats on postnatal day (PND) 7 caused early and variable alterations in TNF‐α, S100B and GFAP levels in the cerebral cortex, CSF and serum of the animals, indicating long‐term induction of neuroinflammation and astroglial reactivity. However, on PND 21, only GFAP levels were increased by LPS. Additionally, LPS induced oxidative stress and altered energy metabolism enzymes in the cerebral cortex on PND 21, and caused neurodevelopment impairment over time. These data suggest that neuroinflammation induction during the neonatal period induces glial reactivity, oxidative stress and bioenergetic disruption that may lead to neurodevelopment impairment and cognitive deficit in adult life.
Bioactive glass and arginine dentifrices reduce root sensitivity during daily activities following non‐surgical periodontal therapy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Champaiboon Chantrakorn , Ongphichetmetha Napassorn , Lertpimonchai Attawood 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the efficacy of calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) and arginine dentifrices on reducing root sensitivity (RS) following non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is limited. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of these dentifrices in reducing RS during daily activities in patients undergoing NSPT.MethodsUsing a double‐blind randomized controlled trial, CSPS, arginine, or control dentifrices were randomly assigned to 45 RS individuals following NSPT. The participants used the dentifrices 2×/day for 8 weeks. A self‐reported visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed during daily activities.ResultsSelf‐reported VAS scores were similar among the three groups at each time point. The with‐in group analysis revealed that the arginine dentifrice reduced RS from Week 1–8 compared with baseline in response to cold. Similarly, the CSPS dentifrice reduced RS at Week 4 and 8. The CSPS and arginine dentifrices exhibited RS relief resulting from toothbrushing starting at Week 4 and 2, respectively. In response to air, RS relief was observed from Week 4 in the arginine group. The number of patients with VAS > 2 in response to cold declined at Week 2 and 4 in the CSPS and arginine groups, respectively. In response to toothbrushing, only 10% in the test groups still had RS at Week 8. In response to air, the number of RS patients only in the arginine group decreased at Week 4.ConclusionThe CSPS and arginine dentifrices provided comparable RS relief during daily activities within 2–4 weeks and remained effective up to 8 weeks.
Strengths and challenges with spiritual care: Student feedback from the EPICC Spiritual Care Self‐Assessment Tool
Authors: Cone Pamela H. , Lassche‐Scheffer Joanne , Bø Bodil , Kuven Britt Moene , McSherry Wilfred , Owusu Benson , Ross Linda , Schep‐Akkerman Annemiek , Ueland Venke , Giske Tove 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo explore qualitative data from students' self‐reported competencies in spiritual care gathered during testing of a student self‐assessment tool based on the EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard.DesignReflexive thematic analysis of qualitative data from a multinational study on validating a new self‐assessment tool.MethodsThe EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard for competency in spiritual care was developed to enhance nurses' and midwives' ability to provide spiritual care by creating a baccalaureate education standard for spiritual care competencies. Spiritual care researchers then developed a self‐assessment tool to raise student awareness of spirituality and track personal and professional growth in spiritual care competency. The EPICC Spiritual Care Competency Self‐Assessment Tool, tested at eight universities in five countries, provided many opportunities for student comments, resulting in rich qualitative data presented here.ResultsThemes related to strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement. Identified strengths were similar across countries: caring attitudes, general knowledge of caring and compassion and good communication skills. Weaknesses/challenges touched on spirituality as overlooked in some cultures but part of life for others, complex questions were hard to understand, and self‐assessment tools are common for some and rare for others. Areas for improvement included need for knowledge of religious and other deeply held beliefs and for greater spiritual assessment skills. Similarities across countries related to basic training in communication and compassionate care for nurses globally. Differences lay in the challenges and/or barriers for spiritual care and may relate to cultures within countries and/or university test sites.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Tool raises awareness of spirituality among students and working nurses, providing an accessible way to self‐check personal and professional growth in spiritual care competencies, which increases student and nurse capacity to become more knowledgeable and skilled in facilitating spiritual care, thus be role models for students at the intersection of spirituality and health.
Adherence, per‐protocol effects, and the estimands framework
Authors: Keene Oliver 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the statistical literature, treatment effects in clinical trials are frequently described as either ITT or per‐protocol effects. The estimand given for the per‐protocol effect is the effect in adherers, where adherers are typically defined as adhering to the intervention as specified in the trial protocol. This dichotomy of treatment effects is unhelpful when there are in reality multiple treatment effects that can be of clinical interest and relevance. The terms “per‐protocol” and “adherence” are confusing to non‐statisticians. Protocols always allow for discontinuation of randomized treatment so participants discontinuing have actually followed the protocol. When rescue or additional medication is available, the effect in adherers could mean the effect regardless of use of these medications or the effect in a counterfactual world where the participant did not take the medication. Adherence can mean continuing to be prescribed a treatment or some arbitrary level of compliance with a medication that has been prescribed. The ICH E9 (R1) estimands framework provides an improved alternative for the description of treatment effects in clinical trials. Identification of important intercurrent events and the strategy used to handle these events is key to determining the treatment effect. When designing a trial, estimands should be properly defined according to this framework. It is time the statistical literature abandoned describing treatment effects as the effect in adherers or the per‐protocol effect.
Solution of boundary eigenvalue problems and IBVP involving a system of PDEs using the successive linearization method
Authors: Narayana M. , Siddheshwar P. G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper illustrates a numerical technique to solve a system of three partial differential equations that govern the problem of Rayleigh‐Bénard‐Brinkman convection in a two‐dimensional porous rectangular box. As a result of linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of the system a boundary eigenvalue problem (BEVP) and an initial boundary value problem (IBVP) arise. Spatial information on the periodicity of the convection cells is first used in the system of PDEs to make it possible for the successive linearization method (SLM) to be applied. The resulting much‐simplified versions of BEVP and the IVP are then solved by direct and time multi‐stepping versions of SLM, respectively. The SLM solution of the BEVP is compared with that obtained through MATLAB routine bvp4c and the multi‐stepping‐SLM solution of the IVP is validated with that of the Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg (RKF45) method (using MATLAB routine ode45). The present numerical technique is found to have quadratic convergence for any desired accuracy.
Heat transfer and flow analysis over a linearly stretching sheet with constant wall temperature: Novel local non‐similar solutions in the presence of viscous heating
Authors: Afridi Muhammad Idrees , Chen Zhi‐Min , Riaz Nadia , Qasim Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlow over a linearly stretching sheet having constant temperature is examined in this article. The effects of frictional heating (viscous dissipation) and Ohmic heating (Joule dissipation) are also studied. As evidenced by the literature, energy equations are not always self‐similar when viscous dissipation is considered. It strongly depends on the form of stretching velocity and the surface temperature of the sheet. To facilitate the similarity transformations in these cases, one must find a constraint between the sheet velocity and the surface temperature. It is also observed that for the linearly stretching sheet with constant wall temperature, it is not possible to achieve self‐similar equations because in this case, a local variable appears in the viscous dissipation parameter. Hence, this problem corresponds to the non‐similar flow. In this analysis, pseudo‐similarity transformation is employed, and the viscous dissipation parameter is selected as a non‐similarity variable. Governing equations are transferred into non‐similar forms then a method known as Sparrow‐Quack‐Boerner (SQB) local non‐similarity (LNS) is used to derive the equations up to the second level of truncations which are then solved numerically. The slope linear regression (SLR) technique is used to compare the solutions obtained from the equations of the first and second levels of truncation.
Does variation of surgical technique affect native tissue anterior pelvic organ prolapse repair outcomes?
Authors: Fairclough Emily , Segar Julia , Breeman Suzanne , Smith Anthony , Myers Jenny , Reid Fiona 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The Variation in Surgical Technique study (VaST), demonstrated the large variation in surgical techniques used in native tissue (NT) anterior pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repairs. However, there are few comparative studies of different surgical techniques. This study was aimed at exploring whether surgical technique influenced the outcomes of NT anterior POP repairs.

Methods
The surgical techniques of 22 consultant surgeons performing NT anterior POP repairs were filmed and categorised. These surgeons performed 809 anterior repairs within the PROlapse Surgery: Pragmatic Evaluation and randomised Controlled Trial (PROSPECT). Logistical regression models were used to determine the influence of the different surgical techniques on subjective and objective outcomes, using data collected during PROSPECT.

Results
In adjusted multivariate linear regression models, fascial-flap repair was associated with an improved subjective outcome (POP-SS) compared with midline plication (β = −2.50 [−4.42 to −0.57]; p = 0.01). At 12 months, separate fascial defect repair was associated with a poorer objective outcome than midline plication (OR 6.06 [1.82–3.52], p = 0.006). At 24 months, deep dissection was associated with a poorer POP-SS than superficial dissection (0.32–2.60, p = 0.0). Continuous-locking closure of the skin was also associated with improved POP-SS compared with continuous non-locking closure (12 months: β = −1.94 [−3.42 to −0.45], p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Surgical technique may influence the outcome of native tissue anterior POP repairs. Our results should not change practice but inform future research; to develop methods of explicitly recording surgical techniques and allow confirmation of the effect of these aspects of technique on outcome.
The renaissance of ordoliberalism in the 1970s and 1980s﻿*
Authors: Krieger Tim , Nientiedt Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe economic tradition of ordoliberalism, understood as the theoretical and policy ideas of the Freiburg School, emerged in 1930s and 1940s Germany. In the years thereafter, it was quickly superseded by Keynesianism and other theories imported from the English-speaking world. The crisis in Keynesian economics in the mid-1970s led to what has been described as a “renaissance of ordoliberal reasoning” (Gebhard Kirchgässner) during the late 1970s and the 1980s. The present paper describes this development in detail and shows how it affected the academic discourse and, more indirectly, policymaking. In academic economics, ordoliberal concepts were used to inform debates about pressing issues of the day such as unemployment, social security reform, competition policy, the provision of public goods, and European integration. There was, however, no consensus on the methodological question of whether ordoliberalism could be fully integrated into international research programs such as the new institutional economics or constitutional economics. The paper argues that the renaissance of ordoliberalism failed to have a lasting impact on German academic economics and discusses possible implications of this finding for the future of the ordoliberal research agenda.
GPU-Based Algorithms for Processing the k Nearest-Neighbor Query on Spatial Data Using Partitioning and Concurrent Kernel Execution
Authors: Velentzas Polychronis , Vassilakopoulos Michael , Corral Antonio , Antonopoulos Christos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlgorithms for answering the k nearest-neighbor (k-NN) query are widely used for queries in spatial databases and for distance classification of a group of query points against a reference dataset to derive the dominating feature class. GPU devices have significantly more processing cores than CPUs and faster device memory than the main memory accessed by CPUs, thus, providing higher computing power for processing demanding queries like the k-NN. However, since device and/or main memory may not be able to host an entire, rather big, reference and query datasets, storing these datasets in a fast secondary device, like a solid state disk (SSD), and partially retrieve the required, at each stage, partitions is, in many practical cases, a feasible solution. We propose and implement the first GPU-based algorithms for processing the k-NN query for big reference and query spatial data stored on SSDs. Based on 3d synthetic and real big spatial data, we experimentally compare these algorithms and highlight the most efficient algorithmic variation. This variation utilizes a CUDA feature known as Concurrent Kernel Execution, to further improve its performance.