bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platforms and the transformation of the content industries
Authors: Aguiar Luis , Reimers Imke , Waldfogel Joel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses how digitization and the associated emergence of distribution platforms have affected product discovery, as well as new opportunities, in the content industries. First, we describe the traditional ways in which content creators reached consumers, as well as how platforms have transformed the product discovery process. Second, we present the promise and challenges of the information aggregation role that platforms perform, with discussions of both the positive effects of platform‐collected product ratings, as well as the prevalence and implications of misleading information. Third, we describe the promise and challenges arising from platform curation and product recommendations, with a focus on the measurements of platform power as well as possible biases in platform product recommendations. Finally, we discuss how platforms may affect which sorts of products are produced in the first place.
Novel apparatus for monitoring simultaneously color and °Brix of selected fruit juices through RGB image analysis
Authors: Ortiz Ronald Wbeimar Pacheco , de Oliveira Alline V. B. , Venancio Fabricio , Cardoso Giuseppe Sampaio Almeida , Gonçalves Vinicius Ottonio O. , Cajaiba João , Kartnaller Vinicius 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work introduces a novel apparatus for monitoring both color and °Brix of selected fruit juices. These parameters are essential for quality and processing control at concentration and dilution operations. The proposed apparatus performs the red, green, and blue (RGB) image analysis of the fruit juice as it flows through a transparent cell equipped with a webcam and a light source. The viewing cell is inside a box for controlling temperature and for ensuring homogeneous lighting. This apparatus not only measures the RGB color space of the fruit juice online but also allows relating it to the °Brix. The relationship between RGB and °Brix was obtained by measuring the RGB color space of various fruit juice samples, of which the °Brix were previously determined using a digital refractometer. RGB image analysis showed an excellent relationship with °Brix (R2 > 0.99, using an exponential fit), allowing for monitoring reliably this parameter during continuous fruit juice concentration and dilution experiments. These results show the potential of this novel apparatus to substitute conventional instruments such as colorimeters and refractometers for online process monitoring. Furthermore, it has the advantage of not requiring sampling, which reduces measurement errors and saves time.Practical applicationsThis work introduces a novel apparatus based on RGB image analysis for monitoring simultaneously the color and the °Brix of fruit juices. These parameters are important to control the production and quality of fruit juices, especially at concentration and dilution operations. The apparatus proposed here is a viewing cell where the RGB color space is quantified using the software RGBview® as the fruit juice flows through it. The °Brix are determined from the RGB color space using a suitable fit obtained from a previous calibration with juice samples with known °Brix. This is an alternative to conventional analytical instruments such as colorimeters and refractometers but with the advantage of performing an online measurement. This configuration allows for the reduction of analytical errors associated with sampling and saves time. Moreover, this apparatus has the potential to monitor other physicochemical properties related to the color of fruit juices.
Lack of structural brain alterations associated with insomnia: findings from the ENIGMA‐Sleep Working Group
Authors: Weihs Antoine , Frenzel Stefan , Bi Hanwen , Schiel Julian E. , Afshani Mortaza , Bülow Robin , Ewert Ralf , Fietze Ingo , Hoffstaedter Felix , Jahanshad Neda , Khazaie Habibolah , Riemann Dieter , Rostampour Masoumeh , Stubbe Beate , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Valk Sofie L. , Völzke Henry , Zarei Mojtaba , Eickhoff Simon B. , Grabe Hans J. , Patil Kaustubh R. , Spiegelhalder Kai , Tahmasian Masoud ,   for the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA)‐Sleep Working Group
Published: March 2023

SummaryExisting neuroimaging studies have reported divergent structural alterations in insomnia disorder (ID). In the present study, we performed a large‐scale coordinated meta‐analysis by pooling structural brain measures from 1085 subjects (mean [SD] age 50.5 [13.9] years, 50.2% female, 17.4% with insomnia) across three international Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA)‐Sleep cohorts. Two sites recruited patients with ID/controls: Freiburg (University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany) 42/43 and KUMS (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran) 42/49, while the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐Trend, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany) recruited population‐based individuals with/without insomnia symptoms 75/662. The influence of insomnia on magnetic resonance imaging‐based brain morphometry using an insomnia brain score was then assessed. Within each cohort, we used an ordinary least‐squares linear regression to investigate the link between the individual regional cortical and subcortical volumes and the presence of insomnia symptoms. Then, we performed a fixed‐effects meta‐analysis across cohorts based on the first‐level results. For the insomnia brain score, weighted logistic ridge regression was performed on one sample (Freiburg), which separated patients with ID from controls to train a model based on the segmentation measurements. Afterward, the insomnia brain scores were validated using the other two samples. The model was used to predict the log‐odds of the subjects with insomnia given individual insomnia‐related brain atrophy. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, we did not detect any significant associations between insomnia symptoms and cortical or subcortical volumes, nor could we identify a global insomnia‐related brain atrophy pattern. Thus, we observed inconsistent brain morphology differences between individuals with and without insomnia across three independent cohorts. Further large‐scale cross‐sectional/longitudinal studies using both structural and functional neuroimaging are warranted to decipher the neurobiology of insomnia.
Distinct routes to parallel adaptation in a mountain plant
Authors: Battlay Paul 
Published: March 2023

It is a common observation that distinct lineages adapt to similar environments through similar “parallel” changes in phenotype. Less clear is whether parallel phenotypic change evolves through genetic variation in the same or distinct genes. This question of redundancy—the number of genetic answers to the same evolutionary problem—is an important yet poorly understood feature of adaptive traits, and is a major hurdle in our transition from understanding evolutionary responses to predicting them. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Szukala et al. (2023) examine the redundancy of local adaptation in montane and alpine ecotypes that has occurred in the flowering plant Heliosperma pusillum. By comparing gene expression in each of four montane or alpine‐adapted H. pusillum population pairs, the authors observe distinct genetic responses underlying each case of parallel local adaptation.
Moderation in all things, except when it comes to workplace safety: Accidents are most likely to occur under moderately hazardous work conditions
Authors: Beck James W. , Nishioka Midori , Scholer Abigail A. , Beus Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we argue that the relationship between workplace hazardousness and accidents is best characterized as an inverted‐U, such that accidents are most likely to occur within moderately hazardous environments. Specifically, whereas highly hazardous work environments are strong situations in which there is a clear need for a high degree of safety behavior, the amount of safety behavior needed to minimize accidents within moderately hazardous environments is more ambiguous. Drawing on self‐regulatory theories of work motivation, we argue that most individuals tend to exhibit a proportional response to hazardousness, such that moderately hazardous environments are met with a moderate degree of safety behavior. However, we demonstrate that proportional responses to hazardousness will ultimately yield an inverted‐U relationship between hazardousness and accidents. Instead, a sharp, non‐linear increase in safety behavior is needed to keep accidents at a low and constant level as hazardousness increases. We present four studies to test our hypotheses. Studies 1 and 2 used archival data to test our hypothesis of an inverted‐U relationship between hazardousness and accidents in natural work settings. Studies 3 and 4 were experiments which replicated this finding, and more importantly, demonstrated that the inverted‐U relationship between hazardousness and accidents was driven by a failure to sharply increase safety behavior in response to small increases in hazardousness. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these results for the safety literature, particularly the need to educate workers regarding the pattern of safety behavior needed to fully offset environmental hazardousness.
Complete classification of local conservation laws for generalized Cahn–Hilliard–Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation
Authors: Holba Pavel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider nonlinear multidimensional Cahn–Hilliard and Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equations that have many important applications in physics and chemistry, and a certain natural generalization of these two equations to which we refer to as the generalized Cahn–Hilliard–Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. For an arbitrary number of spatial independent variables, we present a complete list of cases when the latter equation admits nontrivial local conservation laws of any order, and for each of those cases, we give an explicit form of all the local conservation laws of all orders modulo trivial ones admitted by the equation under study. In particular, we show that the original Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation admits no nontrivial local conservation laws, and find all nontrivial local conservation laws for the Cahn–Hilliard equation.
Equity in maternal healthcare utilisation in Ghana: Do community‐based primary health care programmes matter?
Authors: Kanmiki Edmund W. , Mamun Abdullah A. , Phillips James F. , O'Flaherty Martin J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveImproving equity in the use of maternal health services in rural and remote communities is critical to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals targets on maternal and child health. This study examines the effect of a community‐based primary healthcare strengthening programme on improving the utilisation of antenatal care (ANC4+), skilled delivery and health facility delivery.MethodsBaseline and endline survey data of women of reproductive age for intervention and comparison districts were used to examine the equity impact of the Ghana Essential Health Interventions Programme (GEHIP) on antenatal care visits, skilled delivery and health facility delivery. The Wagstaff extension of the concentration index and regression models are used to assess equity effects of the programme on the utilisation of these services by wealth index and educational attainment.ResultsCoverage rates increased for both intervention and comparison districts, but were generally higher in intervention districts than comparison districts at endline (90% vs. 88% for ANC4+, 88% vs. 84% for skilled delivery and 93% vs. 88% for health facility delivery). Only ANC4+ showed a statistically significant positive treatment effect of the intervention (Dif‐in‐Dif = 0.071, p‐value = 0.010). Equity analysis showed a mixed picture with intervention districts achieving significant equity improvement for skilled delivery for both wealth index and maternal education but only education equity for health facility delivery, while comparison districts achieved both wealth and education equity improvements for two indicators (health facility delivery and skilled delivery). No significant equity/inequity effects were found for ANC4+.ConclusionEfforts to improve community‐based healthcare access have been associated with improved coverage of maternal health services; however, the effect on improving equity in service coverage is mixed. Results indicate a need to extend community‐based primary health care development beyond general improvements in access to ensure equity in the coverage of maternal and child health services that such programmes provide.
No‐till with Stylosanthes guianensis cover crop affects weed community and improves weed management in upland rainfed rice in Madagascar
Authors: Rafenomanjato Antsa , Ripoche Aude , Marnotte Pascal , Letourmy Philippe , Autfray Patrice , Randriamampianina Jean Augustin , Bàrberi Paulo , Moonen Anna Camilla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Madagascar, upland rainfed rice is traditionally grown on tilled soil without transplanting. Weed infestation by annual species is a serious issue in such a system. Stylosanthes guianensis, a legume cover crop, can be grown with rice as a living mulch but its effect on the weed community and rice yield was not yet well studied. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Mid‐West Madagascar from 2016 to 2018. A no‐till system with stylosanthes (NT) managed as a living mulch was compared to the conventional tilled (CT) system. Two fertilisation regimes were included: organic manure (F1) and organic manure combined with mineral fertiliser (F2). Weed floristic surveys were performed, and weed harmfulness evaluated by comparing weedy and weed‐free plots. The living mulch harmfulness was evaluated using weed‐stylosanthes‐free plots. Results showed that NT suppressed dominant grass weeds Digitaria spp. and Eleusine indica leading to a decrease in total weed biomass. Rice yield was significantly higher in NT than in CT; in weed‐free condition, it was 2.4 versus 2 t ha−1 in NT and CT, respectively, and 1.5 versus 0.6 t ha−1 in NT and CT, respectively, in weedy condition. The living mulch reduced rice yield by 14% but it remained significantly higher in NT than in CT. The addition of mineral fertiliser to the organic manure had a positive effect on rice yield but only in weed‐free conditions. This study showed that a no‐till system with a living mulch can help to control the most competitive weeds without undermining rice production.
Simulation of long-term impact of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy on patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Nguyen Quan Dong , Moshfeghi Andrew A , Lim Jennifer I , Ponomareva Ekaterina , Chauhan Ankita , Rao Rohini , Sherman Steven 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveA simulation model was constructed to assess long-term outcomes of proactively treating severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy versus delaying treatment until PDR develops.Methods and analysisSimulated patients were generated using a retrospective real-world cohort of treatment-naive patients identified in an electronic medical records database (IBM Explorys) between 2011 and 2017. Impact of anti-VEGF treatment was derived from clinical trial data for intravitreal aflibercept (PANORAMA) and ranibizumab (RISE/RIDE), averaged by weighted US market share. Real-world risk of PDR progression was modelled using Cox multivariable regression. The Monte Carlo simulation model examined rates of progression to PDR and sustained blindness (visual acuity <20/200) for 2 million patients scaled to US NPDR disease prevalence. Simulated progression rates from severe NPDR to PDR over 5 years and blindness rates over 10 years were compared for delayed versus early-treatment patients.ResultsReal-world data from 77 454 patients with mild-to-severe NPDR simulated 2 million NPDR patients, of which 86 680 had severe NPDR. Early treatment of severe NPDR with anti-VEGF therapy led to a 51.7% relative risk reduction in PDR events over 5 years (15 704 early vs 32 488 delayed), with a 19.4% absolute risk reduction (18.1% vs 37.5%). Sustained blindness rates at 10 years were 4.4% for delayed and 1.9% for early treatment of severe NPDR.ConclusionThe model suggests treating severe NPDR early with anti-VEGF therapy, rather than delaying treatment until PDR develops, could significantly reduce PDR incidence over 5 years and sustained blindness over 10 years.
Immune and pathologic responses in patients with localized prostate cancer who received daratumumab (anti-CD38) or edicotinib (CSF-1R inhibitor)
Authors: Siddiqui Bilal A , Chapin Brian F , Jindal Sonali , Duan Fei , Basu Sreyashi , Yadav Shalini S , Gu Ai-Di , Espejo Alexsandra B , Kinder Michelle , Pettaway Curtis A , Ward John F , Tidwell Rebecca S S , Troncoso Patricia , Corn Paul G , Logothetis Christopher J , Knoblauch Roland , Hutnick Natalie , Gottardis Marco , Drake Charles G , Sharma Padmanee , Subudhi Sumit K 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) is immunosuppressive, with few effector T cells and enrichment of inhibitory immune populations, leading to limited responses to treatments such as immune checkpoint therapies (ICTs). The immune composition of the prostate TME differs across soft tissue and bone, the most common site of treatment-refractory metastasis. Understanding immunosuppressive mechanisms specific to prostate TMEs will enable rational immunotherapy strategies to generate effective antitumor immune responses. Daratumumab (anti-CD38 antibody) and edicotinib (colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor) may alter the balance within the prostate TME to promote antitumor immune responses.HypothesisDaratumumab or edicotinib will be safe and will alter the immune TME, leading to antitumor responses in localized prostate cancer.Patients and methodsIn this presurgical study, patients with localized prostate cancer received 4 weekly doses of daratumumab or 4 weeks of daily edicotinib prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). Treated and untreated control (Gleason score ≥8 in prostate biopsy) prostatectomy specimens and patient-matched pre- and post-treatment peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow samples were evaluated. The primary endpoint was incidence of adverse events (AEs). The secondary endpoint was pathologic complete remission (pCR) rate.ResultsTwenty-five patients were treated (daratumumab, n=15; edicotinib, n=10). All patients underwent RP without delays. Grade 3 treatment-related AEs with daratumumab occurred in 3 patients (12%), and no ≥grade 3 treatment-related AEs occurred with edicotinib. No changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or pCRs were observed. Daratumumab led to a decreased frequency of CD38+T cells, natural killer cells, and myeloid cells in prostate tumors, bone marrow, and PBMCs. There were no consistent changes in CSF-1R+immune cells in prostate, bone marrow, or PBMCs with edicotinib. Neither treatment induced T cell infiltration into the prostate TME.ConclusionsDaratumumab and edicotinib treatment was safe and well-tolerated in patients with localized prostate cancer but did not induce pCRs. Decreases in CD38+immune cells were observed in prostate tumors, bone marrow, and PBMCs with daratumumab, but changes in CSF-1R+immune cells were not consistently observed with edicotinib. Neither myeloid-targeted agent alone was sufficient to generate antitumor responses in prostate cancer; thus, combinations with agents to induce T cell infiltration (eg, ICTs) will be needed to overcome the immunosuppressive prostate TME.
Pre-existing TGF-β-specific T-cell immunity in patients with pancreatic cancer predicts survival after checkpoint inhibitors combined with radiotherapy
Authors: Mortensen Rasmus Erik Johansson , Holmström Morten Orebo , Lisle Thomas Landkildehus , Hasselby Jane P , Willemoe Gro L , Met Özcan , Marie Svane Inge , Johansen Julia , Nielsen Dorte L , Chen Inna M , Andersen Mads Hald 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundCirculating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-specific T cells that recognize TGF-β-expressing immune regulatory cells have been described in patients with cancer. TGF-β-derived peptide vaccination modulates the tumor microenvironment and has shown clinical effects in animal models of pancreatic cancer (PC). TGF-β-expressing regulatory cells are especially elevated in PC and may prevent the clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Thus, in the present study we investigated the significance of TGF-β-specific T-cell immunity in patients with PC treated with ICI combined with radiotherapy in a randomized phase 2 study (CheckPAC).MethodsImmune responses to a TGF-β-derived epitope entitled TGF-β-15 as well as epitopes fromClostridium tetani(tetanus) and influenza were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with interferon-ɣ enzyme-linked immunospot assays. PBMCs were isolated before and after treatment. Correlations between immune response data and clinical data were evaluated with parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. Survival was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox-regression. TGF-β-15 specific T cells were isolated and expanded and examined for recognition of autologous regulatory immune cells by flow cytometry.ResultsPBMCs from 32 patients were analyzed for immune responses to the TGF-β-derived epitope entitled TGF-β-15. Patients with a strong TGF-β-specific immune response at treatment initiation had longer progression-free and overall survival, compared with patients with a weak or no TGF-β-specific immune response. This remained significant in multivariate analysis. Patients with weak and strong TGF-β-specific responses displayed similar responses towards viral antigens. Furthermore, we show that TGF-β-specific T cells from a clinical responder specifically reacted to and lysed autologous, regulatory immune cells. Finally, mimicking a TGF-β-15 vaccination, we showed that repeated stimulations with the TGF-β-15 epitopein vitroenhanced the immune response to TGF-β-15.ConclusionA strong TGF-β-15 specific immune response was associated with clinical benefit and improved survival after ICI/radiotherapy for patients with PC. Importantly, the lack of TGF-β-specific T cells in some patients was not caused by a general immune dysfunction. TGF-β-specific T cells recognized regulatory immune cells and could be introducedin vitroin patients without spontaneous responses. Taken together, our data suggest that combining TGF-β-based vaccination with ICI/radiotherapy will be beneficial for patients with PC.