bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Dual Core Chromophores Based on Binaphthyl Acrylonitrile Motif with Tunable Dual Emission Bands and Anti‐counterfeiting
Authors: Qu Jun , Zhang Qing , Liao Xiaoming , Song Cunyu , Meng Xin , He Yuanchun , Li Zan , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Cao Ziping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSmall organic molecules which can emit fluorescence with tunable dual emission bands are significant for fundamental research and broad applications. In this work, two binaphthyl based arylacrylonitrile derivatives with pyrene and triphenylamine unit (BiNp‐Py and BiNp‐TPA) were designed and synthesized, respectively, featuring chiral backbone and dual AIE‐active cyanostyrene‐linked chromophores. Excellent fluorescence emissions in a range of solution and solid states were observed with high quantum yields, indicative of the solvatochromism and mechanochromism. More interestingly, dual emission bands were found and tunable by the water fraction in THF, and speculatively attributed to the balancing of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and locally excited (LE) emission in solution and aggregate states. Furthermore, the potential application in anti‐counterfeiting ink was also explored, indicating the very low concentration (5 ppm) for sufficient distinguishable vision and small colour migration (28 nm) for printing on the filter. The present work provides a new strategy to design organic luminescent structure having widely fluorescent emissions in dual states and a valuable reference for the study of chiral optical materials.
Computer aided analysis of biomechanical performance of schanz screw with different additive manufacturing materials used in pertrochanteric fixator on an intertrochanteric femoral fracture (corrosion resistance approach)
Authors: Gok Arif , Urtekin Levent , Gok Kadir , Ada H. Deniz , Nalbant Asrin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines the use of computer‐aided analysis to evaluate the biomechanical performance of Schanz screws made from different additive manufacturing materials (Ti6Al4V, 316 L, Inconel 625, and Inconel 718) in a pertrochanteric fixator for the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Intertrochanteric fractures (ITFs) are severe traumas often seen in the elderly population and can lead to serious consequences. The primary objective of ITF surgery is to provide stability and allow for early ambulation and rehabilitation. The Pertrochanteric Fixator is a surgical implant used to treat hip fractures near the greater trochanter, and is attached to the femur with screws. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and typically takes 1–2 h. Possible complications include infection, nerve injury, and hardware failure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical performance of Schanz screw using computer‐aided analysis, comparing the effects of various additive manufacturing materials including Ti6Al4V, 316 L, Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 in a pertrochanteric fixator for intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Additionally, this study will also consider the corrosion resistance of these materials to ensure long‐term durability and effectiveness in a clinical setting. The stress values mentioned for the implant materials are as follows. Ti6Al4V: 153.33 MPa, 316 L: 180.98 MPa, Inconel 625: 158.94 MPa, Inconel 718: 148.91 MPa. Higher stress values indicate a greater load transfer to the bone, which can potentially lead to stress shielding. Stress shielding occurs when an implant bears a significant portion of the load that should be transferred to the bone. This reduced stress at the fracture site can prevent the healing process, as bones require adequate stress levels for optimal remodeling and regeneration.
Performance analysis of intelligent reflecting surface‐assisted mobile wireless networks subjected to generalized Gaussian noise
Authors: Ashraf Umer , Rasool Begh Gh. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryDifferent from the prior works, this paper presents the performance analysis of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)‐assisted communication link in a static and mobile scenario impaired by Rayleigh fading and additive white generalized Gaussian noise (AWGGN). Precisely, the IRS is configured as an intelligent access point, and the mobile behavior of the nodes is characterized by the random waypoint (RWP) model. To this end, closed‐form expressions of average bit error rate (BER), average channel capacity (ACC), and outage probability (OP) in both static and mobile scenarios are obtained. To gain further insight into the system performance at high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), asymptotic expressions are obtained. Moreover, the effect of the number of reflective elements (
) and the shaping parameter (
) on the system performance is thoroughly studied. The results indicate that introduction of IRS leads to significant improvement in the overall system performance. The derived results are corroborated with Monte Carlo simulations.
Population size affected by environmental variability impacts genetics, traits, and plant performance in Trifolium montanum L.
Authors: Karbstein Kevin , Römermann Christine , Hellwig Frank , Prinz Kathleen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPopulation size, genetic diversity, and performance have fundamental importance for ecology, evolution, and nature conservation of plant species. Despite well‐studied relationships among environmental, genetic, and intraspecific trait variation (ITV), the influence of population size on these aspects is less understood. To assess the sources of population size variation, but also its impact on genetic, functional trait, and performance aspects, we conducted detailed population size estimations, assessed 23 abiotic and biotic environmental habitat factors, performed population genetic analyses using nine microsatellite markers, and recorded nine functional traits based on 260 Trifolium montanum individuals from 13 semi‐dry grassland locations of Central Europe. Modern statistical analyses based on a multivariate framework (path analysis) with preselected linear regression models revealed that the variation of abiotic factors (in contrast to factors per se) almost completely, significantly explained fluctuations in population size (R2 = .93). In general, abiotic habitat variation (heterogeneity) was not affected by habitat area. Population size significantly explained genetic diversity (NA: R2 = .42, Ho: R2 = .67, He: R2 = .43, and I: R2 = .59), inbreeding (FIS: R2 = .35), and differentiation (GST: R2 = .20). We also found that iFDCV (ITV) was significantly explained by abiotic habitat heterogeneity, and to a lesser extent by genetic diversity He (R2 = .81). Nevertheless, habitat heterogeneity did not statistically affect genetic diversity. This may be due to the use of selectively neutral microsatellite markers, and possibly by insufficient abiotic selective pressures on habitats examined. Small T. montanum populations in nonoptimal habitats were characterized by reduced genetic and functional trait diversity, and elevated genetic inbreeding and differentiation. This indicates reduced adaptability to current and future environmental changes. The long‐term survival of small populations with reduced genetic diversity and beginning inbreeding will be highly dependent on habitat protection and adequate land‐use actions.
Variable rates of hybridization among contact zones between a pair of topminnow species, Fundulus notatus and F. olivaceus
Authors: Duvernell David D. , Remex Naznin S. , Miller Jeffrey T. , Schaefer Jacob F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPairs of species that exhibit broadly overlapping distributions, and multiple geographically isolated contact zones, provide opportunities to investigate the mechanisms of reproductive isolation. Such naturally replicated systems have demonstrated that hybridization rates can vary substantially among populations, raising important questions about the genetic basis of reproductive isolation. The topminnows, Fundulus notatus and F. olivaceus, are reciprocally monophyletic, and co‐occur in drainages throughout much of the central and southern United States. Hybridization rates vary substantially among populations in isolated drainage systems. We employed genome‐wide sampling to investigate geographic variation in hybridization, and to assess the possible importance of chromosome fusions to reproductive isolation among nine separate contact zones. The species differ by chromosomal rearrangements resulting from Robertsonian (Rb) fusions, so we hypothesized that Rb fusion chromosomes would serve as reproductive barriers, exhibiting steeper genomic clines than the rest of the genome. We observed variation in hybridization dynamics among drainages that ranged from nearly random mating to complete absence of hybridization. Contrary to predictions, our use of genomic cline analyses on mapped species‐diagnostic SNP markers did not indicate consistent patterns of variable introgression across linkage groups, or an association between Rb fusions and genomic clines that would be indicative of reproductive isolation. We did observe a relationship between hybridization rates and population phylogeography, with the lowest rates of hybridization tending to be found in populations inferred to have had the longest histories of drainage sympatry. Our results, combined with previous studies of contact zones between the species, support population history as an important factor in explaining variation in hybridization rates.
Past energy allocation overwhelms current energy stresses in determining energy allocation trade‐offs
Authors: Griffen Blaine D. , Bolander Mikayla , Blakeslee April , Crane Laura C. , Repetto Michele F. , Tepolt Carolyn K. , Toscano Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRegeneration of lost appendages is a gradual process in many species, spreading energetic costs of regeneration through time. Energy allocated to the regeneration of lost appendages cannot be used for other purposes and, therefore, commonly elicits energetic trade‐offs in biological processes. We used limb loss in the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus to compare the strength of energetic trade‐offs resulting from historic limb losses that have been partially regenerated versus current injuries that have not yet been repaired. Consistent with previous studies, we show that limb loss and regeneration results in trade‐offs that reduce reproduction, energy storage, and growth. As may be expected, we show that trade‐offs in these metrics from historic limb losses far outweigh trade‐offs from current limb losses, and correlate directly with the degree of historic limb loss that has been regenerated. As regenerating limbs get closer to their normal size, these historical injuries get harder to detect, despite the continued allocation of additional resources to limb development. Our results demonstrate the importance of and a method for identifying historic appendage losses and of quantifying the amount of regeneration that has already occurred, as opposed to assessing only current injury, to accurately assess the strength of energetic trade‐offs in animals recovering from nonlethal injury.
Temporal trends in evidence supporting therapeutic interventions in heart failure and other European Society of Cardiology guidelines
Authors: Canepa Marco , De Marzo Vincenzo , Ameri Pietro , Ferrari Roberto , Tavazzi Luigi , Rapezzi Claudio , Porto Italo , Maggioni Aldo Pietro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine whether any change occurred over time in level of evidence (LoE) of therapeutic interventions supporting heart failure (HF) and other European Society of Cardiology guideline recommendations.Methods and resultsWe selected topics with at least three documents released between 2008 and April 2022. Classes of recommendations (CoR) and supporting LoE related to therapeutic interventions within each document were collected and compared over time. A total of 1822 recommendations from 18 documents on 6 topics [median number per document = 112, 867 (48%) CoR I] were included in the analysis. There was a trend towards a reduction over time in the percentage of CoR I in HF (46–36–34%), non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI; 78–58–54%), and pulmonary embolism (PE; 65–50–39%) guidelines, with a decrease in the total number of recommendations for HF only. Percentage of CoR I was stable over time around 40% for valvular heart disease (VHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF), and around 60% for cardiovascular prevention (CVP), with an increase in the total number of recommendations for VHD and CVP and a decrease for AF. Among CoR I, 319 (37%) were supported by LoE A, with a decrease over time for HF (56–46–42%), an increase for NSTEMI (29–38–48%) and AF (28–31–36%), a bimodal distribution for PE and CVP, and a lack for VHD.ConclusionsLoE supporting therapeutic recommendations in contemporary European guidelines is generally low. Physicians should be aware of these limitations, and scientific societies promote a greater understanding of their significance and drive future research directions.
Propofol synergizes with circAPBB2 to protect against hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of human cardiomyocytes
Authors: Jin Chenghao , Yuan Shunnv , Piao Longyi , Ren Mingcheng , Liu Qiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial injury is the main manifestation of cardiovascular diseases, and previous studies have shown that propofol (PPF) regulates myocardial injury. However, the mechanism of PPF in regulating myocardial injury remains to be further explored. This work aims to analyze the effects of PPF on human cardiomyocyte injury and the underlying mechanism.MethodsThe regulatory and functional role of PPF and circAPBB2 in human cardiomyocyte injury were analyzed using an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell model, which was established by treating human cardiomyocytes (AC16 cells) with H/R. The study evaluated AC16 cell injury by analyzing cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of H/R‐induced AC16 cells. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect circAPBB2, miR‐18a‐5p and dual specificity phosphatase 14 (DUSP14) expression. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis assay. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull‐down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to identify the associations among circAPBB2, miR‐18a‐5p and DUSP14. Cytotoxicity was investigated by cell counting kit‐8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase activity detection kit. Oxidative stress was evaluated by cellular reactive oxygen species assay kit and superoxide dismutase activity assay kit. The production of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β was evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsThe expression of circAPBB2 and DUSP14 was significantly decreased, while miR‐18a‐5p was increased in H/R‐induced AC16 cells when compared with controls. H/R treatment‐induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis were attenuated after circAPBB2 overexpression or PPF treatment, whereas these effects were restored by increasing miR‐18a‐5p expression. PPF treatment improved the inhibitory effect of ectopic circAPBB2 expression on H/R‐induced cell injury. MiR‐18a‐5p silencing ameliorated H/R‐induced AC16 damage by interacting with DUSP14. Mechanically, circAPBB2 acted as a miR‐18a‐5p sponge, and miR‐18a‐5p targeted DUSP14 in AC16 cells.ConclusionPPF synergized with circAPBB2 to protect AC16 cells against H/R‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis through the miR‐18a‐5p/DUSP14 pathway.
Characterisation of ChE in Solea solea and exposure of isoflavones in juveniles of commercial flatfish (Solea solea and Solea senegalensis)
Authors: Albendín María Gemma , Aranda Vanessa , Corrales Alejandro , Ortiz‐Delgado Juan Bosco , Sarasquete Carmen , Arellano Juana María 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe isoflavones genistein and daidzein are flavonoid compounds mainly found in legumes, especially in soybeans and their derived products. These flavonoids can be present in agricultural, domestic and industrial wastewater effluents as a result of anthropogenic activities and may be discharged in the environment. Due to the large growth of the aquaculture sector in recent decades, new and cost‐effective fish feeds are being sought, but there is also a particular need to determine the effects of exposed flavonoids on fish in the aquatic environment, as this is the main route of exposure of organisms to endocrine disruptors. This study evaluated the possible effects of these isoflavones on juveniles of Solea senegalensis and Solea solea. After 48–96 h of exposure, the acetylcholinesterase activity in the sole head tissues was measured, and the cholinesterase activity in juveniles of common sole (S. solea) was determined. Experiments were carried out to determine the optimal pH, investigate the specificity of three substrates (acetylthiocholine, butyrylthiocholine, propionylthiocholine) on cholinesterase activity and determine the kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km). The results obtained showed that neither genistein nor daidzein exposure to S. senegalensis and S. solea inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase at the tested concentrations (genistein: 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L; daidzein: 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L).
Inhibition of voltage‐dependent K+ currents of rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells by the atypical antipsychotic paliperidone
Authors: Mun Seo‐Yeong , Zhuang Wenwen , Park Minju , Jeong Junsu , Na Sung Hun , Lee Se Jin , Jung Won‐Kyo , Choi Il‐Whan , Park Hongzoo , Park Won Sun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPaliperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, is widely used to treat schizophrenia. In this study, we explored whether paliperidone inhibited the voltage‐dependent K+ (Kv) channels of rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Paliperidone reduced Kv channel activity in a concentration‐dependent manner with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 16.58 ± 3.03 μM and a Hill coefficient of 0.60 ± 0.04. It did not significantly shift the steady‐state activation or inactivation curves, suggesting that the drug did not affect the gating properties of Kv channels. In the presence of paliperidone, the application of 20 repetitive depolarizing pulses at 1 and 2 Hz gradually increased the inhibition of the Kv current. Further, the recovery time constant after Kv channel inactivation was increased by paliperidone, indicating that it inhibited the Kv channel in a use (state)‐dependent manner. Its inhibitory effects were reduced by pretreatment with a Kv1.5 subtype inhibitor. However, pretreatment with a Kv2.1 or Kv7 inhibitor did not reduce its inhibitory effect. We conclude that paliperidone inhibits Kv channels (mainly Kv1.5 subtype channels) in a concentration‐ and use (state)‐dependent manner without changing channel gating.
AAV1.NT‐3 gene therapy in the SOD1KO mouse model of accelerated sarcopenia
Authors: Tong Lingying , Ozes Burcak , Moss Kyle , Myers Morgan , Ridgley Alicia , Sahenk Zarife 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, an age‐related loss of muscle mass, is a critical factor that affects the health of the older adults. The SOD1KO mouse is deficient of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, used as an accelerated aging model. We previously showed that NT‐3 improves muscle fibre size by activating the mTOR pathway, suggesting a potential for attenuating age‐related muscle loss. This study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of AAV1.NT‐3 in this accelerated aging model.MethodsTwelve 6 months old SOD1KO mice were injected intramuscularly with a 1 × 1011 vg dose of AAV1.tMCK.NT‐3, and 13 age‐matched SOD1KO mice were used as controls. The treatment effect was evaluated using treadmill, rotarod and gait analyses as well as histological studies assessing changes in muscle fibre, and fibre type switch, in tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and triceps muscles, and myelin thickness by calculating G ratio in sciatic and tibial nerves. Molecular studies involved qPCR experiments to analyse the expression levels of mitochondrial and glycolysis markers and western blot experiments to assess the activity of mTORC1 pathway.ResultsTreatment resulted in a 36% (154.9 vs. 114.1; P < 0.0001) and 76% increase (154.3 vs. 87.6; P < 0.0001) in meters ran, with treadmill test at 3 and 6 months post gene delivery. In addition, the treated cohort stayed on rotarod 30% (52.7 s vs. 40.4 s; P = 0.0095) and 54% (50.4 s vs. 32.7 s; P = 0.0007) longer, compared with untreated counterparts at 3 and 6 months post injection. Gait analysis, performed at endpoint, showed that stride width was normalized to wild type levels (29.3 mm) by an 11% decrease, compared with untreated cohort (28.6 mm vs. 32.1 mm; P = 0.0014). Compared with wild‐type, SOD1KO mice showed 9.4% and 11.4% fibre size decrease in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, respectively, which were normalized to wild type levels with treatment. Fibre diameter increase was observed prominently in FTG fibre type. G ratio analysis revealed hypomyelination in the tibial (0.721) and sciatic (0.676) nerves of SOD1KO model, which was reversed in the NT‐3 cohort (0.646 and 0.634, respectively). Fibre size increase correlated with the increase in the p‐S6 and p‐4E‐BP1 levels, and in the glycolysis markers in tibialis anterior. Alterations observed in the mitochondrial markers were not rescued with treatment. Overall, response to NT‐3 was subdued in gastrocnemius muscle.ConclusionsThis study shows that AAV1.NT‐3 gene therapy protected SOD1KO mouse from accelerated aging effects functionally and histologically. We further confirmed that NT‐3 has potential to activate the mTOR and glycolytic pathways in muscle.
Complete remission of aggressive Epstein–Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma following withdrawal of tacrolimus and low‐dose anticancer drugs
Authors: Obama Kosuke , Yamamoto Hana , Inoue Hirosaka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA 66‐year‐old woman who had received tacrolimus for more than 11 years was admitted with high fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, and persistent gastrointestinal bleeding. Histopathological evaluation of the lymph nodes and colonic mucosa confirmed the diagnosis of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. After discontinuation of tacrolimus, the lymphoma did not improve, and low‐dose chemotherapy was introduced, which resulted in a recovery of lymphocyte counts and induction of complete remission. Low‐dose anticancer treatments that suppress tumor growth while awaiting normal lymphocyte recovery for several weeks may be a useful therapeutic option even for aggressive lymphomas that develop during immunosuppressant therapy.
One pot synthesis of 2‐substituted thiobenzoazoles containing α‐sulfenylated aromatic ketones under transition metal‐free conditions
Authors: Cheng Xi , Xu Xiao‐Hu , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 2‐substituted thiobenzoazoles in pot manner was reported. Thus, tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) reacted with 2‐aminothiophenol, 2‐aminophenol, or 1,2‐phenylenediamine to form 2‐mercaptobenzo heterocycles through cyclization, and the subsequent C‐S bonding with 2‐bromoacetophenones gave the desired 2‐substituted thiobenzoazoles containing α‐sulfenylated aromatic ketones smoothly. The method features transition metal‐free, simple operation, mild conditions, short reaction time, and good yields, showing potential synthetic value for the synthesis of a variety of biological or pharmaceutically active compounds.