bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Surgical Complications in Spine Patients via a Medication Management Support Program
Authors: Balsis Steve , Carello William , Eskander Theodore M. , Balsis Owen R. , Geraci Lisa , Eskander Mark S. 
Published: January 2023

Study Design.
A hospital-wide medication management program was implemented to ensure that high-risk patients would systematically pause antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications. We analyzed complications prior to and during the implementation of this program.

Objective.
The goal of the study was to determine if a medication management support program was effective for reducing perioperative complications, including hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis.

Data and Methods.
Using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database1, we examined the presence of five complications before and during the implementation of a medication management support program. There were 9732 patients in the clinic population who underwent elective spine surgery between 2011 and 2020 and were included in this analysis. Of those 9732 patients, 7205 had surgery prior to the introduction of the program, whereas 2527 had surgery at some point after the program was introduced. We conducted a series of Pearson’s chi-squared tests to determine the relative frequencies of the complications before and during the program.

Results.
Results showed that during the implementation of the program, patients were relatively less likely to experience hemorrhage (3.16% vs. 1.11%; P<0.001). The reductions in thrombotic complications were clinically significant: myocardial infarction (0.12% vs. 0.00%), stroke (0.10% vs. 0.04%), pulmonary embolism (0.33% vs. 0.28%), and deep vein thrombosis (0.36% vs. 0.28%). These P values ranged from P=0.08 for myocardial infarction to P=0.67 for pulmonary embolism.

Conclusions.
The use of this medication management support program appears effective for reducing the need for blood transfusions and thrombotic complications. While promising, the results should be interpreted with caution as we do not know whether this type of program will be effective for other hospital systems.
Psychotic Misdiagnosis of Racially Minoritized Patients: A Case-Based Ethics, Equity, and Educational Exploration
Authors: Jegarl Anita M. , Jegede Oluwole , Isom Jessica , Ciarleglio Nicole , Black Carmen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of racially minoritized groups as having a primary psychotic disorder is one of psychiatry’s longest-standing inequities born of real-time clinician racial bias. Evidence suggests that providers assign a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or schizoaffective disorder according to race more than any other demographic variable, and this inequity persists even in the absence of differences in clinician symptom ratings. This case report describes the journey of one young Black woman through her racialized misdiagnosis of schizophrenia and the process by which interdisciplinary, health equity-minded providers across the spectrum of medical education and practice joined together to provide a culturally informed, systematic rediagnosis of major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert discussion is provided by three Black academic psychiatrists with expertise in social justice and health equity. We provide an evidence-based exploration of mechanisms of clinician racial bias and detail how the psychosis misdiagnosis of racially minoritized groups fails medical ethics and perpetuates iatrogenic harm to patients who truly need help with primary mood, trauma, and substance use disorders.
Survey-Based Estimation of Corneal Complications Associated with Scleral Lens Wear
Authors: Schornack Muriel M. , Nau Cherie B. , Harthan Jennifer , Shorter Ellen , Nau Amy , Fogt Jenny 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
The benefits of scleral lens (SL) wear have been described in cross-sectional and retrospective studies; however, the frequency of complications associated with SL wear has not, to the best of our knowledge, been determined. From a survey of SL practitioners, we estimated the period prevalence over 1 year of corneal complications that required SL wearers to discontinue lens wear. In a sample of 72,605 wearers, SL wear was discontinued for the following complications: corneal edema, 1.2%; corneal neovascularization, 0.53%; microbial keratitis, 0.45%; and limbal stem cell deficiency, 0.20%. This study design allowed for calculation of period prevalence of these complications rather than complication incidence rates. Information presented in this report may be useful in clinical decision-making and for future study design.
Psychological and neurological predictors of acupuncture effect in patients with chronic pain: a randomized controlled neuroimaging trial
Authors: Wang Xu , Li Jin-Ling , Wei Xiao-Ya , Shi Guang-Xia , Zhang Na , Tu Jian-Feng , Yan Chao-Qun , Zhang Ya-Nan , Hong Yue-Ying , Yang Jing-Wen , Wang Li-Qiong , Liu Cun-Zhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChronic pain has been one of the leading causes of disability. Acupuncture is globally used in chronic pain management. However, the efficacy of acupuncture treatment varies across patients. Identifying individual factors and developing approaches that predict medical benefits may promise important scientific and clinical applications. Here, we investigated the psychological and neurological factors collected before treatment that would determine acupuncture efficacy in knee osteoarthritis. In this neuroimaging-based randomized controlled trial, 52 patients completed a baseline assessment, 4-week acupuncture or sham-acupuncture treatment, and an assessment after treatment. The patients, magnetic resonance imaging operators, and outcome evaluators were blinded to treatment group assignment. First, we found that patients receiving acupuncture treatment showed larger pain intensity improvements compared with patients in the sham-acupuncture arm. Second, positive expectation, extraversion, and emotional attention were correlated with the magnitude of clinical improvements in the acupuncture group. Third, the identified neurological metrics encompassed striatal volumes, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) cortical thickness, PCC/precuneus fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), striatal fALFF, and graph-based small-worldness of the default mode network and striatum. Specifically, functional metrics predisposing patients to acupuncture improvement changed as a consequence of acupuncture treatment, whereas structural metrics remained stable. Furthermore, support vector machine models applied to the questionnaire and brain features could jointly predict acupuncture improvement with an accuracy of 81.48%. Besides, the correlations and models were not significant in the sham-acupuncture group. These results demonstrate the specific psychological, brain functional, and structural predictors of acupuncture improvement and may offer opportunities to aid clinical practices.
Criteria for a suitable reference cuff for validation studies of blood pressure measuring devices in people with arm circumference between 43 and 50 cm
Authors: Palatini Paolo , Fania Claudio , Benetti Elisabetta , Saladini Francesca , Battista Francesca , Ermolao Andrea 
Published: January 2023

Objective
Recommendations about the dimensions of the reference cuff for device validations in people with arm size >42 cm are still unavailable. The aim of this study was to identify the criteria for an appropriate reference cuff for validation studies in people with upper arm circumference between 43 and 50 cm.

Methods
In 20 adults with upper arm circumference between 43 and 50 cm (X-large group), 34 subjects with arm circumference between 37 and 42 cm and 78 subjects with arm circumference <37 cm cylindrical and tronco-conical cuffs were compared. In all participants, the pressure transmitted to the arm under the two cuffs was measured using a paper-thin pressure sensor.

Results
In the X-large group, all participants had an arm slant angle <86.0°. In this group, the difference between the pressure detected on the arm surface with the sensor using the cylindrical versus the tronco-conical cuff (13.5 mmHg) was larger than in the group with an arm circumference of 37–to 42 cm and the group with a circumference <37 cm (3.7 and 0.6 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.001 versus both). In the whole sample, the between-cuff pressure difference was proportional to the conical shape of the arm (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
These data suggest that in people with arm size between 43 and 50 cm the reference cuff for validation studies should have a conical shape with an 84–85° slant angle. To comply with current guidelines, an 18.5 × 37.0 cm bladder should be used which would allow proper cuffing in the large majority of subjects.
Intervention Mechanism and Effect of Tai Chi on Motor Dysfunction at Different Brunnstrom Stages of Stroke
Authors: wang xue 
Published: January 2023

<p>Tai Chi, a traditional exercise therapy with a long history in China, has been widely used in clinical practice in recent years. However, there is no study on the effect and mechanism of Tai Chi on dyskinesia in different Brunnstrom stages of stroke. This study presents a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial protocol to investigate the dose-response effect and mechanism of Tai Chi in treating stroke-induced motor dysfunction. </p>
Re: Aducanumab-Related ARIA: Paean or Lament?
Authors: Wassef Heidi R. , Colletti Patrick M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Høilund-Carlsen and colleagues raise concern regarding the reliability of amyloid PET to exclude Alzheimer disease. We present additional studies of amyloid PET and discuss the diagnostic challenges in Alzheimer disease. We discuss the limitations of amyloid in diagnosis and evaluation of therapy response in AD.
SNARE protein VAMP-2, but not syntaxin-1, SNAP-25 and synaptotagmin 1, expressed in perisynaptic astrocytic processes in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus
Authors: Hussain Suleman , Davanger Svend 
Published: January 2023

Objective
Perisynaptic astrocytic processes have been suggested as sites for the regulated release of neuroactive substances. However, very little is known about the molecular properties of regulated exocytosis in these processes. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins mediate synaptic vesicle exocytosis from neuronal cells and might be candidates for regulated exocytosis also from astrocytic processes. The expression of SNARE proteins in astrocytes, however, is not clarified. Thus, we aimed to investigate the localization and relative concentrations of neuronal SNARE proteins syntaxin-1, synaptosomal nerve-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2) (synaptobrevin-2) and calcium sensor synaptotagmin 1 in perisynaptic astrocytic processes compared to nerve terminals and dendrites.

Methods
We used quantitative immunogold electron microscopy of the rat hippocampus to investigate the localization and concentration of neuronal SNARE proteins.

Results
As expected, analysis of the immunogold data revealed a lower labeling density of SNARE proteins in the perisynaptic astrocytic processes than in presynaptic terminals. The same was also true when compared to dendrites. Contrary to VAMP-2, labeling intensities for syntaxin-1, SNAP-25 and synaptotagmin 1 were not distinguishable from background labeling in the processes. The relative concentration of VAMP-2 stands out, as the mean perisynaptic astrocytic process concentration of the protein was only 68 % lower than in presynaptic terminals and still 32 % higher than in dendrites. VAMP-2 was associated with small vesicles in the processes. Some gold particles were located over the astrocytic plasma membrane.

Conclusion
VAMP-2 is expressed in perisynaptic astrocytic processes, with a concentration higher than in the dendrites. Our results are compatible with the role of VAMP-2 in exocytosis from perisynaptic astrocytic processes.
Plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders: ready for prime time?
Authors: Balogun Wasiu G. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Karikari Thomas K. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Several plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) have demonstrated clinical and technical robustness. However, are they ready for clinical implementation? This review critically appraises current evidence for and against the immediate use of plasma biomarkers in clinical care.

Recent findings
Plasma biomarkers have significantly improved our understanding of ADRD time-course, risk factors, diagnosis and prognosis. These advances are accelerating the development and in-human testing of therapeutic candidates, and the selection of individuals with subtle biological evidence of disease who fit the criteria for early therapeutic targeting. However, standardized tests and well validated cut-off values are lacking. Moreover, some assays (e.g., plasma Aβ methods) have poor robustness to withstand inevitable day-to-day technical variations. Additionally, recent reports suggest that common comorbidities of aging (e.g., kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension) can erroneously affect plasma biomarker levels, clinical utility and generalizability. Furthermore, it is unclear if health disparities can explain reported racial/ethnic differences in biomarker levels and functions. Finally, current clinically approved plasma methods are more expensive than CSF assays, questioning their cost effectiveness.

Summary
Plasma biomarkers have biological and clinical capacity to detect ADRD. However, their widespread use requires issues around thresholds, comorbidities and diverse populations to be addressed.
Gene Therapy Mediated Partial Reprogramming Extends Lifespan and Reverses Age-Related Changes in Aged Mice
Authors: Macip Carolina Cano , Hasan Rokib , Hoznek Victoria , Kim Jihyun , Metzger Louis E. , Sethna Saumil , Davidsohn Noah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAging is a complex process best characterized as the chronic dysregulation of cellular processes leading to deteriorated tissue and organ function. While aging cannot currently be prevented, its impact on lifespan and healthspan in the elderly can potentially be minimized by interventions that aim to return these cellular processes to optimal function. Recent studies have demonstrated that partial reprogramming using the Yamanaka factors (or a subset;OCT4, SOX2, andKLF4; OSK)can reverse age-related changesin vitroandin vivo. However, it is still unknown whether the Yamanaka factors (or a subset) are capable of extending the lifespan of aged wild type mice. Here, we show that systemically delivered AAVs, encoding an inducible OSK system, in 124-week-old mice extends the median remaining lifespan by 109% over wild-type controls and enhances several health parameters. Importantly, we observed a significant improvement in frailty scores indicating that we were able to improve the healthspan along with increasing the lifespan. Furthermore, in human keratinocytes expressing exogenous OSK, we observed significant epigenetic markers of age-reversal, suggesting a potential reregulation of genetic networks to a younger, potentially healthier state. Together, these results may have important implications for the development of partial reprogramming interventions to reverse age-associated diseases in the elderly.
3D co-culture of macrophages and fibroblasts in a sessile drop chip for unveiling the role of macrophages in skin wound-healing
Authors: Lyu Xiaoyan , Cui Feiyun , Zhou Hang , Cao Bo , Cai Minghui , Yang Shulong , Sun Bangyong , Li Gang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThree-dimension (3D) cell co-cultural spheroids exhibit enhanced cellular functions and they can mirror in-vivo microenvironments. Herein, a sessile drop chip was developed to construct 3D spheroids for mirroring the wound healing microenvironment. The sessile drop chip holds the superhydrophobic surface of each microwell which can facilitate cell suspensions transfer to spheroids through the offset of surface tension and gravity, and each microwell has a cylinder hole that offers adequate oxygen to spheroids. It was demonstrated that the 3T3 fibroblast spheroid and the 3T3 fibroblast/M2-type macrophage co-culture spheroid can be formed and remained the physiological activity within nine days. 3D morphology of spheroids was reconstructed using the transparent processing technology and Z-stack function of confocal microscopy. Characteristics of proliferation and differentiation were analyzed by using nano antibody-based 3D immunostaining assay. Results revealed that M2-type macrophages can promote the proliferation and differentiation of the 3T3 fibroblast spheroid. This study presented a novel affordable platform for developing 3D spheroids and provides a 3D model for investigating the macrophages-associated wound healing microenvironment.
p38γMAPK delays myelination and remyelination and is abundant in multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Marziali LN , Hwang Y , Palmisano M , Cuenda A , Sim FJ , Volsko C , Dutta R , Trapp B , Wrabetz L , Feltri ML 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which disability results from the disruption of myelin and axons. During the initial stages of the disease, injured myelin is replaced by mature myelinating oligodendrocytes that differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, myelin repair fails in secondary and chronic progressive stages of the disease and with aging, as the environment becomes progressively more hostile. This may be attributable to inhibitory molecules in the multiple sclerosis environment including activation of the p38MAPK family of kinases.We explored oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelin repair using animals with conditional ablation of p38MAPKγ from oligodendrocyte precursors.We found that p38γMAPK ablation accelerated oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelination. This resulted in an increase in both the total number of oligodendrocytes and the migration of progenitorsex vivoand faster remyelination in the cuprizone model of demyelination/remyelination. Consistent with its role as an inhibitor of myelination, p38γMAPK was significantly downregulated as oligodendrocyte precursor cells matured into oligodendrocytes. Notably, p38γMAPK was enriched in samples of leukocortical multiple sclerosis lesions from patients, which represent areas of failed remyelination.Our data suggest that p38γ could be targeted to improve myelin repair in multiple sclerosis.
Minimal Positional Substring Cover: A Haplotype Threading Alternative to Li & Stephens Model
Authors: Sanaullah Ahsan , Zhi Degui , Zhang Shaojie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Li & Stephens (LS) hidden Markov model (HMM) models the process of reconstructing a haplotype as a mosaic copy of haplotypes in a reference panel (haplotype threading). For small panels the probabilistic parameterization of LS enables modeling the uncertainties of such mosaics, and has been the foundational model for haplotype phasing and imputation. However, LS becomes inefficient when sample size is large (tens of thousands to millions), because of its linear time complexity (O(MN), whereMis the number of haplotypes andNis the number of sites in the panel). Recently the PBWT, an efficient data structure capturing the local haplotype matching among haplotypes, was proposed to offer fast methods for giving some optimal solution (Viterbi) to the LS HMM. But the solution space of the LS for large panels is still elusive. Previously we introduced the Minimal Positional Substring Cover (MPSC) problem as an alternative formulation of LS whose objective is to cover a query haplotype by a minimum number of segments from haplotypes in a reference panel. The MPSC formulation allows the generation of a haplotype threading in time constant to sample size (O(N)). This allows haplotype threading on very large biobank scale panels on which the LS model is infeasible. Here we present new results on the solution space of the MPSC by first identifying a property that any MPSC will have a set of required regions, and then proposing a MPSC graph. In addition, we derived a number of optimal algorithms for MPSC, including solution enumerations, the Length Maximal MPSC, andh-MPSC solutions. In doing so, our algorithms reveal the solution space of LS for large panels. Even though we only solved an extreme case of LS where the emission probability is 0, our algorithms can be made more robust by PBWT smoothing. We show that our method is informative in terms of revealing the characteristics of biobank-scale data sets and can improve genotype imputation.
The metagenomic analysis of viral diversity in Colorado potato beetle public NGS data
Authors: Starchevskaya Maria , Kamanova Ekaterina , Vyatkin Yuri , Tregubchak Tatyana , Bauer Tatyana , Bodnev Sergei , Rotskaya Ulyana , Polenogova Olga , Kryukov Vadim , Antonets Denis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is one of the most serious insect pests with high ecological plasticity and ability to rapidly develop resistance to insecticides. The use of biological insecticides based on viruses is a promising approach to control insect pests, but the information on viruses, which infect leaf feeding beetles, is scarce. We performed the metagenomic analysis of 297 CPB genomic and transcriptomic samples from public NBCI SRA database. The reads that were not aligned to the reference genome were assembled with metaSPAdes and 13314 selected contigs were analyzed with BLAST tools. The contigs and non-aligned reads were also analyzed with Kraken2 software. 3137 virus-positive contigs were attributed to different viruses belonging to 6 types, 17 orders and 32 families, matching over 97 viral species. The annotated sequences can be divided into several groups: homologous to genetic sequences of insect viruses (Adintoviridae, Ascoviridae, Baculoviridae, Dicistroviridae, Chuviridae, Hytrosaviridae, Iflaviridae, Iridoviridae, Nimaviridae, Nudiviridae, Phasmaviridae, Picornaviridae, Polydnaviriformidae, Xinmoviridaeetc.), plant viruses (Betaflexiviridae, Bromoviridae, Kitaviridae, Potyviridae), and endogenous retroviral elements (Retroviridae, Metaviridae). Also, the full-length genomes and near-full length genome sequences of several viruses were assembled. We have also found the sequences belonging to Bracoviriform viruses and for the first time experimentally validated the presence of bracoviral genetic fragments in CPB genome. Our work is the first attempt to discover the viral genetic material in CPB samples and we hope that further studies will help to identify new viruses to extend the arsenal of biopesticides against CPB. The analytical pipeline and additional materials are available athttps://github.com/starchevskaya-maria17/uncoVir