bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greater tool use diversity is associated with increased terrestriality in wild capuchin monkeys
Authors: Falótico Tiago , Ottoni Eduardo B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTerrestriality was an essential factor in human evolution. Hominins' extensive use of the ground allowed exploring a new range of environments and their objects, including new resources and potential tool raw materials. Capuchin monkeys are primarily arboreal primates but are also the most prolific tool users among platyrrhines, customarily using stone tools on the ground due to physical limitations and material availability.ObjectivesOur goals were to (1) measure the terrestriality levels of a group of capuchin monkeys and (2) test the hypothesis that terrestriality has a positive effect on the stone tool use variability because the increased time on the ground would offer more opportunities to interact with the available stones, leading to more innovations of tool use behaviors. We predict a more diversified use of stone tools in the population with a higher degree of terrestriality.Materials and MethodsThis study was on a group of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) at Serra da Capivara National Park (SCNP), Brazil. Scan sampling was done for 23 months, recording the behavior and substrate used by the individuals.ResultsThe ground use rate was 41%, with no sex difference but an age difference: infants were less terrestrial than juveniles and adults.DiscussionCompared to a population with a more limited tool use repertoire (Fazenda Boa Vista), SCNP adult capuchins are more terrestrial (43% v. 27%). Stone tool use diversity and terrestriality in capuchins appear to be positively correlated. Our results support this hypothesis and provide terrestriality measurements of the wild capuchin population with the most complex stone tool kit.
Cyclotetrabenzil Derivatives for Electrochemical Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Meng Jianing , Robles Alexandra , Jalife Said , Ren Wen , Zhang Ye , Zhao Lihong , Liang Yanliang , Wu Judy I. , Miljanić Ognjen Š. , Yao Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganic electrode materials could revolutionize batteries because of their high energy densities, the use of Earth‐abundant elements, and structural diversity which allows fine‐tuning of electrochemical properties. However, small organic molecules and intermediates formed during their redox cycling in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have high solubility in organic electrolytes, leading to rapid decay of cycling performance. We report the use of three cyclotetrabenzil octaketone macrocycles as cathode materials for LIBs. The rigid and insoluble naphthalene‐based cyclotetrabenzil reversibly accepts eight electrons in a two‐step process with a specific capacity of 279 mAh g−1 and a stable cycling performance with ≈65 % capacity retention after 135 cycles. DFT calculations indicate that its reduction increases both ring strain and ring rigidity, as demonstrated by computed high distortion energies, repulsive regions in NCI plots, and close [C⋅⋅⋅C] contacts between the naphthalenes. This work highlights the importance of shape‐persistency and ring strain in the design of redox‐active macrocycles that maintain very low solubility in various redox states.
Regulating Spin Polarization through Cationic Vacancy Defects in Bi4Ti3O12 for Enhanced Molecular Oxygen Activation
Authors: Zhang Dongpeng , Li Yanxiao , Wang Pengfei , Qu Jinyong , Zhan Sihui , Li Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMolecular oxygen (O2) activation technology is of great significance in environmental purification due to its eco‐friendly operation and cost‐effective nature. However, the activation of O2 is limited by spin‐forbidden transitions, and efficient molecular oxygen activation depends on electronic behavior and surface adsorption. Herein, we prepared cationic defect‐rich Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO‐MV2) catalysts containing Ti vacancies (VTi) for O2 activation in water purification. The VTi on BTO nanosheets can induce electron spin polarization, increasing the number of spin‐down photogenerated electrons and reducing the recombination of electron‐hole pairs. An active surface VTi is also formed, serving as a center for adsorbing O2 and extracting electrons, effectively generating ⋅OH, O2.− and 1O2. The degradation rate constant of tetracycline achieved by BTO‐MV2 is 3.3 times faster than BTO, indicating a satisfactory prospect for practical application. This work provides an efficient pathway to activate molecular oxygen by constructing new active sites through cationic vacancy modification technology.
Nanobody Loop Mimetics Enhance Son of Sevenless 1‐Catalyzed Nucleotide Exchange on RAS**
Authors: Van holsbeeck Kevin , Fischer Baptiste , Gonzalez Simon , Gadais Charlène , Versées Wim , Martins José C. , Martin Charlotte , Wohlkönig Alexandre , Steyaert Jan , Ballet Steven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRAS proteins control various intracellular signaling networks. Mutations at specific locations were shown to stabilize their active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)‐bound state, which is associated with the development of multiple cancers. An attractive approach to modulate RAS signaling is through its regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) son of sevenless 1 (SOS1). With the recent discovery of Nanobody14 (Nb14), which potently enhances SOS1‐catalyzed nucleotide exchange on RAS, we explored the feasibility of developing peptide mimetics by structurally mimicking the complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3). Guided by a biochemical GEF assay and X‐ray co‐crystal structures, successive rounds of optimization and gradual conformational rigidification led to CDR3 mimetics showing half of the maximal activation potential of Nb14 with an EC50 value of 29 μM. Altogether, this study demonstrated that peptides able to modulate a protein‐protein interaction can be obtained by structural mimicry of a Nb paratope.
Sulfenate Anion Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aziridines
Authors: Zheng Zhipeng , Pu Youge , Adrio Javier , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAziridines are highly valued synthetic targets in organic and medicinal chemistry. The organocatalytic synthesis of such structures with broad substrate scope and good diastereoselectivity, however, is rare. Herein, we report a broadly applicable and diastereoselective synthetic method for the synthesis of trans‐aziridines from imines and benzylic or alkyl halides utilizing sulfenate anions (PhSO–) as the catalyst. Substrates bearing heterocyclic aromatic groups, alkyl, and electron‐rich and electron‐poor aryl groups were shown to be compatible with this method (33 examples), giving good yields and high diastereoselectivities (trans : cis >20 : 1). Further functionalization of aziridines containing cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl groups was achieved through ring‐opening reactions, with a cyclobutyl‐substituted norephedrine derivative obtained through a four‐step synthesis. We offer a mechanistic proposal involving reversible addition of the deprotonated benzyl sulfoxide to the imine to explain the high trans‐diastereoselectivity.
Miscibility of nitrated poly(phenylene oxide) and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer blends
Authors: Xing Chao , Yan Yong‐Zhu , Zhang Wei‐Jin , Chung James Yoon‐Jin , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1, 4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) is a well‐known high heat‐resistant polymer and miscible with polystyrene. However, it is not miscible with many polymers containing polar groups. In the present study, PPO was nitrated to prepare a nitrated PPO (NPPO) containing polar nitro groups and blended with a copolymer of styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data showed that NPPO in SAN‐rich phase was miscible with SAN, while NPPO in NPPO‐rich phase was partially phase‐separated from SAN, both over the entire blend composition range from NPPO wt. fractions of 0.1–0.5 investigated for this work. Analyses of Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and ultra‐violet (UV–VIS) spectra indicated that the miscibility of NPPO with SAN was caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding of CN group of SAN with OH end‐group of NPPO in the NPPO/SAN blends. NPPO's OH end‐group, meta‐nitro 2,6‐dimethyl phenol, was produced during nitration of PPO due to chain scission of aryl ether bond. Besides the intermolecular hydrogen bonding, dipole‐diplo interaction of the CN and nitro groups resulted in dissociation of the CN dimers and trimers to the CN monomers in the NPPO/SAN blends.
A comparison of the multilevel MIMIC model to the multilevel regression and mixed ANOVA model for the estimation and testing of a cross‐level interaction effect: A simulation study
Authors: Kessels Rob , Moerbeek Mirjam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen observing data on a patient‐reported outcome measure in, for example, clinical trials, the variables observed are often correlated and intended to measure a latent variable. In addition, such data are also often characterized by a hierarchical structure, meaning that the outcome is repeatedly measured within patients. To analyze such data, it is important to use an appropriate statistical model, such as structural equation modeling (SEM). However, researchers may rely on simpler statistical models that are applied to an aggregated data structure. For example, correlated variables are combined into one sum score that approximates a latent variable. This may have implications when, for example, the sum score consists of indicators that relate differently to the latent variable being measured. This study compares three models that can be applied to analyze such data: the multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML‐MIMIC) model, a univariate multilevel model, and a mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model. The focus is on the estimation of a cross‐level interaction effect that presents the difference over time on the patient‐reported outcome between two treatment groups. The ML‐MIMIC model is an SEM‐type model that considers the relationship between the indicators and the latent variable in a multilevel setting, whereas the univariate multilevel and mixed ANOVA model rely on sum scores to approximate the latent variable. In addition, the mixed ANOVA model uses aggregated second‐level means as outcome. This study showed that the ML‐MIMIC model produced unbiased cross‐level interaction effect estimates when the relationships between the indicators and the latent variable being measured varied across indicators. In contrast, under similar conditions, the univariate multilevel and mixed ANOVA model underestimated the cross‐level interaction effect.
Dynamic functional hippocampal markers of residual depressive symptoms in euthymic bipolar disorder
Authors: Saccaro Luigi F , Gaviria Julian , Ville Dimitri Van De , Piguet Camille 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTObjectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic, affective disorder characterized by recurrent switching between mood states, psychomotor and cognitive symptoms, which can linger in euthymic states as residual symptoms. Hippocampal alterations may play a key role in the neural processing of BD symptoms. However, its dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study explores hippocampal dFC in relation to BD symptoms.Methods: We assessed hippocampus‐based dFC coactivation patterns (CAPs) on resting‐state fMRI data of 25 euthymic BD patients and 25 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC).Results: Bilateral hippocampal dFC with somatomotor networks (SMN) was reduced in BD, compared to HC, while at the same time dFC between the left hippocampus and midcingulo‐insular salience system (SN) was higher in BD. Correlational analysis between CAPs and clinical scores revealed that dFC between the bilateral hippocampus and the default‐like network (DMN) correlated with depression scores in BD. Furthermore, pathological hyperconnectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and SMN and the frontoparietal network (FPN) was modulated by the same depression scores in BD.Conclusions: Overall, we observed alterations of large‐scale functional brain networks associated with decreased flexibility in cognitive control, salience detection, and emotion processing in BD. Additionally, the present study provides new insights on the neural architecture underlying a self‐centered perspective on the environment in BD patients. dFC markers may improve detection, treatment, and follow‐up of BD patients and of disabling residual depressive symptoms in particular.
Evaluating methods for measuring background connectivity in slow event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging designs
Authors: Frank Lea E. , Zeithamova Dagmar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used for measuring functional interactions between brain regions, significantly contributing to our understanding of large‐scale brain networks and brain–behavior relationships. Furthermore, idiosyncratic patterns of resting‐state connections can be leveraged to identify individuals and predict individual differences in clinical symptoms, cognitive abilities, and other individual factors. Idiosyncratic connectivity patterns are thought to persist across task states, suggesting task‐based fMRI can be similarly leveraged for individual differences analyses.MethodHere, we tested the degree to which functional interactions occurring in the background of a task during slow event‐related fMRI parallel or differ from those captured during resting‐state fMRI. We compared two approaches for removing task‐evoked activity from task‐based fMRI: (1) applying a low‐pass filter to remove task‐related frequencies in the signal, or (2) extracting residuals from a general linear model (GLM) that accounts for task‐evoked responses.ResultWe found that the organization of large‐scale cortical networks and individual's idiosyncratic connectivity patterns are preserved during task‐based fMRI. In contrast, individual differences in connection strength can vary more substantially between rest and task. Compared to low‐pass filtering, background connectivity obtained from GLM residuals produced idiosyncratic connectivity patterns and individual differences in connection strength that more resembled rest. However, all background connectivity measures were highly similar when derived from the low‐pass‐filtered signal or GLM residuals, indicating that both methods are suitable for measuring background connectivity.ConclusionTogether, our results highlight new avenues for the analysis of task‐based fMRI datasets and the utility of each background connectivity method.
Exploring the effects of socioemotional wealth on environmental strategies of family firms in China: An integrative perspective
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Yang , Yao Nengzhi (Chris) , Cui Xue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe findings of family business research regarding the relationship between socioemotional wealth (SEW) and environmental strategies have been inconsistent. This study seeks to explain the inconsistency by distinguishing between extended SEW and restricted SEW. We argue that prior empirical studies may ignore the dual nature of SEW and prose that family firms with extended SEW are more likely to pursue proactive environmental strategies, whereas those with restricted SEW tend to adopt reactive environmental strategies. Furthermore, we integrate the SEW perspective with regulatory focus theory, proposing that promotion focus mediates the relationship between extended SEW and proactive environment strategies, while prevention focus mediates the relationship between restricted SEW and reactive environmental strategies. These hypotheses were tested with a survey of polluting family firms in China and were found to be supported. Our findings offer novel insights into family business research, as well as significant implications about how to enhance environmental performance of family firms.
The Leap of Inulin Fructans from Food Industry to Medical Application
Authors: Zhou Xuemei , Wang Shixu , Xu Chongchong , Li Jiaolin , Liu Hongyan , He Lin , Zhong Shurong , Li Kuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a dietary supplement, the efficacy of prebiotics has become a hot issue in recent years. Inulin is one of internationally recognized prebiotics and belongs to a group of non‐digestible and fermentable carbohydrates. Currently, the food industry is increasingly using prebiotic inulin as a health‐promoting substrate, not just as food supplement. In addition, inulin has also shown great promise in the treatment of various diseases. This article reviews the application of inulin in the food industry and summarizes physiological function of inulin. Through the review and prospect of the research on obesity, diabetes and mental illness, it provides the theoretical basis for the joint development of inulin in food industry and medical application.
Antifungal Activity of Natural Naphthoquinones and Anthraquinones against Madurella mycetomatis
Authors: Ma Jingyi , Todd Matthew , van de Sande Wendy W. J. , Biersack Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEumycetoma, the fungal form of the neglected tropical disease mycetoma, is a crippling infectious disease with low response rates to currently available antifungal drugs. In this study, a series of natural naphthoquinones and anthraquinones was evaluated for their activity against Madurella mycetomatis, which is the most common causative agent of eumycetoma. The metabolic activity of Madurella mycetomatis as well as the viability of Galleria mellonella larvae upon treatment with quinones was investigated. Several hydroxy‐substituted naphthoquinones exhibited activity against Madurella mycetomatis. In particular, naphthazarin (5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone) was identified as a considerably active antifungal compound against Madurella mycetomatis (IC50=1.4 μM), while it showed reduced toxicity to Galleria mellonella larvae, which is a well‐established in vivo invertebrate model for mycetoma drug studies.
Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Aryldihydroquinolines Using Lithiation – Synthesis of Chiral 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Dihydroquinolines
Authors: Yeo Song‐Hee , Choi Anthony , Greaves Sophie , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Silvestri Ilaria Proietti , Coldham Iain 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHighly enantiomerically enriched dihydrohydroquinolines were prepared in two steps from quinoline. Addition of aryllithiums to quinoline with tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protection gave N‐Boc‐2‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines. These were treated with n‐butyllithium and electrophilic trapping occurred exclusively at C‐4 of the dihydroquinoline, a result supported by DFT studies. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy gave kinetic data for the barrier to rotation of the carbonyl group (ΔG≠≈49 kJ mol−1, 195 K). Lithiation using the diamine sparteine allowed kinetic resolutions with high enantioselectivities (enantiomer ratio up to 99 : 1). The enantioenriched 1,2‐dihydroquinolines could be converted to 1,4‐dihydroquinolines with retention of stereochemistry. Further functionalisation led to trisubstituted products. Reduction provided enantioenriched tetrahydroquinolines, whereas acid‐promoted removal of Boc led to quinolines, and this was applied to a synthesis of the antimalarial compound M5717.
Using Solution History to Control Hydrogel Properties of a Perylene Bisimide
Authors: Ginesi Rebecca E. , Murray Nicholas R. , Dalgliesh Robert M. , Doutch James , Draper Emily R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractpH dependence on water soluble aggregates is well‐known in the field of low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs), with different aggregates sometimes having very different properties depending on their final pH. This aggregation determines their applications and performance. Here, we investigate the pH dependence of perylene bisimide gels; initially solutions are formed at a high pH and gels form as the pH is decreased. We find it is not only the final pH but also the starting pH that can impact the resulting gel. We use small angle neutron scattering (SANS), rheology,1H NMR spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy to examine the effect of starting pH on gelation kinetics and final gel properties. Adjusting the solution from pH 9 (where there are few or no aggregates) to pH 6 results in the formation of different worm‐like micelles than the ones directly formed at pH 6, leading to again gels with different mechanical properties. This work highlights the importance of controlling the pH of solutions before gelation, but also opens up more possible morphologies and therefore more properties from the same molecule.
Effects of environmental stress factors on the actin cytoskeleton of fungi and plants: Ionizing radiation and ROS
Authors: Stephan Octavian O. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActin is an abundant and multifaceted protein in eukaryotic cells that has been detected in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. In cooperation with numerous interacting accessory‐proteins, monomeric actin (G‐actin) polymerizes into microfilaments (F‐actin) which constitute ubiquitous subcellular higher order structures. Considering the extensive spatial dimensions and multifunctionality of actin superarrays, the present study analyses the issue if and to what extent environmental stress factors, specifically ionizing radiation (IR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), affect the cellular actin‐entity. In that context, this review particularly surveys IR‐response of fungi and plants. It examines in detail which actin‐related cellular constituents and molecular pathways are influenced by IR and related ROS. This comprehensive survey concludes that the general integrity of the total cellular actin cytoskeleton is a requirement for IR‐tolerance. Actin's functions in genome organization and nuclear events like chromatin remodeling, DNA‐repair, and transcription play a key role. Beyond that, it is highly significant that the macromolecular cytoplasmic and cortical actin‐frameworks are affected by IR as well. In response to IR, actin‐filament bundling proteins (fimbrins) are required to stabilize cables or patches. In addition, the actin‐associated factors mediating cellular polarity are essential for IR‐survivability. Moreover, it is concluded that a cellular homeostasis system comprising ROS, ROS‐scavengers, NADPH‐oxidases, and the actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role here. Consequently, besides the actin‐fraction which controls crucial genome‐integrity, also the portion which facilitates orderly cellular transport and polarized growth has to be maintained in order to survive IR.