bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A community-based intervention to improve screening, referral, and follow-up of non-communicable diseases and anaemia amongst pregnant and postpartum women in rural India: study protocol for a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Hirst Jane Elizabeth , Votruba Nicole , Billot Laurent , Arora Varun , Thout Sudhir Raj , Peiris David , Patel Aunshka , Norton Robyn , Mullins Edward , Sharma Ankita , Kennedy Stephen , Jha Vivekanand , Praveen Devarsetty 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Medical complications during pregnancy, including anaemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy place women are at higher risk of long-term complications. Scalable and low-cost strategies to integrate non-communicable disease screening into pregnancy care are needed. We aim to determine the effectiveness and implementation components of a community-based, digitally-enabled approach, “SMARThealth Pregnancy”, to improve health during pregnancy and the first year after birth.
Methods
A pragmatic, parallel-group, cluster-randomised, type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of a community-based, complex intervention in rural India to decrease anaemia (primary outcome, defined as haemoglobin < 12g/dL) and increase testing for haemoglobin, glucose and blood pressure (secondary outcomes) in the first year after birth. Primary Health Centres (PHCs) are the unit of randomisation. PHCs are eligible with: (1) >1 medical officer and >2 community health workers; and (2) capability to administer intravenous iron sucrose. Thirty PHCs in Telangana and Haryana, will be randomised 1:1 using a matched-pair design accounting for cluster size and distance from the regional centre. The intervention comprises: (i) an education programme for community health workers and PHC doctors; (ii) the SMARThealth Pregnancy App for health workers to support community-based screening, referral, and follow-up of high-risk cases; (iii) a dashboard for PHC doctors to monitor high-risk women in the community; (iv) supply chain monitoring for consumables and medications, and (v) stakeholder engagement to co-develop implementation and sustainability pathways. The comparator is usual care with additional health worker education. Secondary outcomes include implementation outcomes assessed by the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance), clinical endpoints (anaemia, diabetes, hypertension), clinical service delivery indicators (quality of care score), mental health, and lactation practice (PHQ9, GAD7, EuroQoL-5D, WHO IYCF questionnaire).
Discussion
Engaging women with screening after a high-risk pregnancy is a challenge and has been highlighted as a missed opportunity for the prevention of non-communicable diseases. The SMARThealth Pregnancy trial is powered for the primary outcome and will address gaps in the evidence around how pregnancy can be used as an opportunity to improve women’s lifelong health. If successful, this approach could improve the health of women living in resource-limited settings around the world.
Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT05752955. Date of registration 3 March 2023
Effect of different application duration of a venous foot pump on prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip and knee arthroplasty: A multicenter prospective clinical trial
Authors: GU Siqi , Chen Yu-e , Lei Mingxing , Li Jiahui , Li Wanying , Zhang Meihong , Zhu Hongxia , Ma Mengying , Kong Dan , Gao Yuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the optimal duration of applying a venous foot pump (VFP) in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following hip and knee arthroplasty.
Methods: A total of 230 patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty between March 2021 and March 2022 in orthopedic departments of four major teaching hospitals were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into five groups based on the duration of the VFP application. Postoperative deep vein thromboses (DVT), including proximal, distal, and intermuscular DVT, were recorded for analysis. Postoperative blood coagulation examinations, such as D-dimer and active partial thromboplastin time (APTT), pain outcome, and degree of comfort were also collected.
Results: Two of the 230 patients withdrew due to early discharge from the hospital, and 228 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 60.38 ± 13.33 years. The baseline characteristics were comparable among the five groups. Compared with the other groups, patients treated with 6-hour VFP had the lowest incidence of DVT (8.7%, 4/46), followed by those treated with 1-hour VFP (15.2%, 7/46), 12-hour VFP (15.6%, 7/45), 18-hour VFP(17.8%, 8/45) and 20-hour VFP(21.7%, 10/46), but with no significant difference (P = 0.539). Regarding postoperative blood coagulation examinations, patients treated with 6-hour VFP had the lowest D-dimer (P = 0.658) and the highest APTT (P= 0.262) compared with the other four groups. 6-hour VFP also had the lowest pain score (P = 0.206) and the highest comfort score (P = 0.288) compared with the other four groups.
Conclusions: Six hours may be the optimal duration of applying VFP for the prevention of VTE in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty in terms of VTE incidence, postoperative blood coagulation examinations, pain outcomes, and comfort scores.
Celestial compass design mimics the fan-like polarisation filter array of insect eyes
Authors: Gkanias Evripidis , Mitchell Robert , Stankiewicz Jan , Khan Sadeque , Mitra Srinjoy , Webb Barbara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Insects use the sun's position (even when concealed) as a compass for navigation by filtering celestial light intensity and polarisation through their compound eyes. To replicate this functionality, we present a sensor that imitates essential aspects of insect eyes, particularly the fan-like arrangements of polarised light receptors in their dorsal rim area. Our sensor comprises a ring of just eight polarimeter devices (pairs of photodiodes evaluating two orthogonal polarised light orientations) to analyse the skylight coming from different directions. Because the layout of our sensor aligns with the polarised light pattern in the sky, a simple computation that integrates information spatially across the devices allows accurate extraction of the sun's position. In extensive validation encompassing various occlusions from trees and buildings, as well as diverse atmospheric and weather conditions, our sensor exhibited superior performance compared to alternative (and computationally more complex) methods
Sample Size Calculation in Randomized Clinical Trials (A Review of Clinical Trials.gov)
Authors: Umoke Ifeanyi Charles 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT, is the gold standard approach in clinical investigations. In designing RCTs, a vital step is calculating and justifying the sample size. Critical to the sample size calculation is determination of the target effect size. Transparency in the process of determining both is key to producing quality trials and meeting study targets. This study aims to quantify the standardized effect sizes of trials published in clinicaltrials.gov and to determine if this, and the sample sizes were influenced by study sponsors. Search strategy Ninety-six, 96, trials registered in clinicaltrials.org between 2021 and 2019 were included in the review. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results are presented with the appropriate statistical tools. Results The median standardized target effect size was 0.60 (IQR = 0.39–0.79). The most common elicitation method for the target effect size was the review of evidence base, observed in 54% of the trials, (N = 52). The median sample size (calculated per arm) was 41.00. When analyzed according to sponsors, the median sample sizes were 53.50 (Charity); 46.50 (Industry) and 45.00 (Public). Conclusion Sample sizes varied according to sponsors with a tendency for studies originating from charity institutions to have higher sample sizes than other categories when the primary outcome variable was of continuous scale.
Insight into the metabolic pathways of Paracoccus sp. strain DMF: a non-marine halotolerant methylotroph capable of degrading aliphatic amines/ amides
Authors: Arya Chetan Kumar , Maurya Shiwangi , Ramanathan Gurunath 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Paracoccus sp. strain DMF (P. DMF from henceforth) is a gram-negative heterotroph known to tolerate and utilize high concentrations of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The work presented here elaborates on the metabolic pathways involved in the degradation of C1 compounds, many of which are well-known pollutants and toxic to the environment. Investigations on microbial growth and detection of metabolic intermediates corroborate the outcome of the functional genome analysis. Several classes of C1 compounds, such as methanol, methylated amines, aliphatic amides, and naturally occurring quaternary amines like glycine betaine, were tested as growth substrates. The detailed growth and kinetic parameter analyses reveal that P. DMF can efficiently aerobically degrade trimethylamine (TMA) and grow on quaternary amines such as glycine betaine. The results show that the mechanism for halotolerant adaptation in the presence of glycine betaine is dissimilar from those observed for conventional trehalose-mediated halotolerance in heterotrophic bacteria. In addition, a close genomic survey revealed the presence of a Co(I)-based substrate-specific corrinoid methyltransferase operon, referred to as mtgBC. This demethylation system has been associated with glycine betaine catabolism in anaerobic methanogens and is unknown in denitrifying aerobic heterotrophs. This report on an anoxic-specific demethylation system in an aerobic heterotroph is unique. Our finding exposes the metabolic potential for the degradation of a variety of C1 compounds by P. DMF, making it a novel organism of choice for remediating a wide range of possible environmental contaminants.
Proteolysis coupled with membrane separation for the isolation of bioactive peptides from defatted smooth hound byproduct proteins
Authors: Abdelhedi Ola , Mora Leticia , Jr Mourad , Toldra Fidel , Nasri Moncef 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The defatted viscera from smooth hound were the raw material used to produce four protein hydrolysates using three different microbial proteases (Neutrase, Esperase and Purafect) and the endogenous enzymes, named VPH-N, VPH-E, VPH-P and VPH-EE, respectively. Hydrolysates showed different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) depending on the enzyme used, where the VPH-P had the highest DH (30%). The amino acids (AA) characterization showed that Gly was the prominent AA (≥22%), followed by Ala, Glx, Lys, Asx, and Pro. In addition, the assessment of the antioxidant, ACE-inhibitory and antimicrobial activities revealed the high potentiality of the Purafect-hydrolysate. Therefore, it was selected to be fractionated by ultra-filtration according to their molecular weight (MW). Data showed that FIV (MW˂5 kDa) exhibited the best antioxidant activities. The differences detected in the bio-activities may be attributed, not only to the peptides size, but also to their sequences and hydrophobic AA contents. The antibacterial activity showed that the best inhibition values were recorded with FIV, particularly against S. typhi. Thus, the present results demonstrated the high potential of FIV from the VPH-P to be used a promising natural source of bioactive peptides in functional food formulations.
mRNA vaccine encoding Gn Provides Protection Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in mice
Authors: Nam Jae-Hwan , Kim Jae-Yong , Lee Soo-Yeon , Choi Eun-Jin , Jeon Kyeongseok , Park Sang-In , Park Hyeong-Jun , Kwak Hye Won , Kim Do-Hyung , Bang Yoo-Jin , Cho Nam-Hyuk 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We developed a promising mRNA vaccine against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), an infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus that is primarily transmitted through tick bites. Administration of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-Gn successfully induced neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in mice. The vaccinated mice were completely protected against a lethal SFTS virus challenge, suggesting that this mRNA vaccine may be an effective candidate for a successful SFTS vaccine.
Real-data-driven Real-time Reconfigurable Microwave Reflective Surface
Authors: Wen Erda , Yang Xiaozhen , Sievenpiper Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Manipulating the electromagnetic (EM) scattering behavior from an arbitrary surface dynamically on arbitrary design goals is an ultimate ambition for many EM stealth and communication problems, yet it is nearly impossible to accomplish with conventional analysis and optimization techniques. Here we present a reconfigurable conformal metasurface prototype as well as a workflow that enables it to respond to multiple design targets on the reflection pattern with extremely low on-site computing power and time. The metasurface is driven by a sequential tandem neural network which is pre-trained using actual experimental data, avoiding any possible errors that may arise from calculation, simulation or manufacturing tolerances. This platform empowers the surface to operate accurately in a complex environment including varying incident angle and operating frequency, or even with other scatterers present close to the surface. The proposed data-driven approach requires minimum amount of prior knowledge and human effort yet provides maximized versatility on the reflection control, stepping towards the end form of intelligent tunable EM surfaces.
Inflammatory Macrophages Lysate-based Macroporous Hydrogel for Effective Immunomodulation to Inhibit Tumor Progression, Recurrence and Metastasis
Authors: Li Wanyu , Wang Dan , Cao Tianshou , Chen Yanan , Wang Jilong , Lin Chihao , Yang Huiling , Lin Jiantao , Deng Junjie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages possess the ability to change immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by releasing various inflammatory factors simultaneously, which can effectively inhibit tumor progression and relapse. However, the risk of cytokines storm caused by the proliferation and excessive activation of M1 macrophages greatly limits it as a biosafety therapeutic strategy in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, how to engineer natural M1 macrophage to biocompatible biomaterial that maintains the duration time of tumor suppressive property duration time still remains a huge challenge.
Methods
Here, we sought to develop an injectable macroporous hydrogel (M1LMH) and a small amount of oxaliplatin (OXA) was encapsulated into M1LMH to improve the efficiency of anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Results
M1MLH-100 had excellent biocompatibility for normal cells and tumor cells, but it could repolarize anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages to pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages via NF-κB and P38/MAPK pathway, thus promoting tumor cells death. M1LMH-100 also could improve the immunogenicity of tumor cells, induce the maturation of BMDCs, and active specific cytotoxicity T cells through the synergistic effect of released inflammatory factors simultaneously. Furthermore, OXA+M1LMH-100 could rapidly release OXA to induce ICD to increase the tumor antigens. OXA+M1LMH-100 could remodel immune microenvironment, thus inhibiting tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis.
Conclusions
We expect our findings will be an effective and safe tool to activate tumor-associated immune cells in a spatiotemporal manner, improving the efficiency of anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Ocular Biomarkers: Useful Incidental Findings by Deep Learning Algorithms in Retinal Photographs
Authors: Martin Eve , Cook Angus , Frost Shaun , Turner Angus , Chen Fred , McAllister Ian , Nolde Janis , Schlaich Markus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background/Objectives:
Ocular biomarkers can provide immediate and non-invasive indications of ocular and systemic health but are underutilised due to the paucity and inequitable distribution of eyecare professionals. Deep learning analysis of colour fundus photographs has task shifting potential to efficiently differentiate ocular biomarkers, as well as providing earlier diagnosis, additional reach via telehealth, and ultimately improving population health. The study aimed to explore the clinical implications arising from deep learning detection of non-target retinal biomarkers in colour fundus photographs.
Subjects/Methods:
Patients referred for treatment-resistant hypertension were imaged between 2016 and 2022 at a specialty clinic in Perth, Australia. The same 45° colour retinal photograph selected for each of the 433 participants imaged was processed by three deep learning algorithms. All positive results for diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic participants were graded by two expert retinal specialists.
Results:
A total of 29 non-diabetic participants were flagged as positive for diabetic retinopathy by deep learning algorithms. Of these, 28 (96.6%) had clinically significant non-target retinal pathology likely to benefit from early intervention. The algorithms with more target diseases captured less incidental disease. All three algorithms demonstrated a correlation between false positive diabetic retinopathy results and severity of hypertensive retinopathy.
Conclusions:
The findings indicate that existing deep learning models can identify additional pathologies likely to benefit from early intervention within an at-risk, hypertensive cohort, and have potential for immediate clinical application in other populations. The findings also support a pivotal pathway toward autonomous comprehensive screening.
Genomic characterization of Serratia liquefaciens TN503 with the ability to promote growth and mitigate salt stress in tomatoes
Authors: Cuervo Laura , Alvarez Jeimmy Johanna , Baquero Angela , Boyacá Vivian , Alvarez Juan Camilo , Vanegas Javier 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Salinity is an abiotic factor of soil degradation that limits the development of plants and reduces agricultural competitiveness. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of four rhizobacteria (TN503, TN106, TN333 y TN26) on growth and mitigation of abiotic stress in tomato. For this, initially the production of indole-3-acetic acid, (IAA), and phosphate solubilization by the bacteria were determined. The saline stress mitigation test was evaluated in tomato variety Rio Grande exposed to 100 and 200 mM NaCl. The rhizobacteria with the best response to stress conditions and growth promotion were selected for genomic analysis, and the genotypic identification of rhizobacteria was performed by the 16S ribosomal RNA. The rhizobacteria were identified as Serratia liquefaciens (TN503), Serratia plymuthica (TN106), Serratia sp (TN333) and Enterobacter sp (TN26). Plant inoculation showed that TN106 and TN503 rhizobacteria promoted tomato growth by up to 61.6% compared to the control without inoculum. The total dry weight of the plant was favored by the TN503 strain with an increase of 68.9 and 37.64% at 100 and 200 mM NaCl respectively, compared to the control. On the other hand, all strains produced indoles (0.50 to 4.44 µg ml− 1) and solubilized phosphate (32.03 to 35.5 mg ml− 1). Genomic analysis shows that TN503 could colonize tomato rhizosphere, promote plant growth and mitigate salt stress through genes associated with biofilm formation, siderophores, IAA, solubilization of phosphate, osmolytes and antioxidant, among others. The inoculation of PGPR in tomato crops represents a biotechnological alternative for sustainable agriculture, minimizing the use of agrochemicals.
Chromosomally integrated HHV-6 in an asymptomatic neonate. A rare entity with unknown clinical significance at present
Authors: Syridou Garyfallia , Mavridi Artemis , Kapsabeli Eleni , Siafakas Nikolaos , Spanakis Nicholaos , Sourvinos George , Papaevangelou Vassiliki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV-6) is a rare condition where HHV-6 genome is integrated into human chromosomes and transmitted to the offspring in a Mendelian manner. We report the first case in Greece of ciHHV-6 in an asymptomatic neonate.
A full-term male neonate was tested for probable congenital toxoplasmosis due to perinatal maternal serology. While investigation did not reveal anything pathological, film array in CSF turned unexpectedly positive for HHV-6 DNA. PCR in plasma and whole blood were also positive (2,530 cp/ml and 2,200,000 cp/ml respectively) for HHV-6 A and high viral loads persisted despite treatment with ganciclovir. We also performed HHV-6 PCR in neonatal hair follicles with negative results and transcription analysis for the detection of HHV-6 U86, U95 and U90 genes expression in whole blood which turned negative, suggestive of a non-replicating virus, while neonatal serology was indicating vertical transmission. High HHV-6 loads were additionally found in healthy mother and brother.
Diagnosis of ciHHV-6 is based on high viral load (> 500,000 cp/ml), in contrast to lower DNA copies found in latent, recurrent or even primary infections. PCR in hair follicles and nails is helpful but not essential. Since ciHHV-6 is not commonly diagnosed especially in immunocompetent paediatric patients, we think that it is important to get familiar with this rare entity, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment, while long term follow up might be needed.
Preparation of PDMS STEM gels through Oxygen Tolerance Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization
Authors: Qiao Xiaoguang , Dong Xin , Shi Ge , He Yanjie , Pang Xinchang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The postsynthesis polymeric modifications by grafting from the active sites was the primary focus of the structurally tailored and engineered macromolecular (STEM) gels. Therefore, Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques have been employed to more precisely tailor and tune STEM gels. In contrast to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) is known to have the advantages of simple components and pure products. Here we report the preparation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite gel networks through oxygen tolerance NMP process, with tert-Butyl acrylate (tBA) and fluorinated monomer 2-(Perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate (FMA) as functional comonomers. Compared with conventional radical polymerization (CFRP) method, composite gels prepared through NMP method showed higher swelling rate and elongation at break, which proved that the network structure formed by NMP was more uniform. In addition to better thermal stability and toughness, the dormant polymer chain could be reactivated and lead to the “living” post-modification of PDMS gel matrix, as well as the additive repairing.