bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dots Strongly Immobilized onto Carbon Nanohorns as Non‐Metal Heterostructure with High Electrocatalytic Activity towards Protons Reduction in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kagkoura Antonia , Ojeda‐Galván Hiram Joazet , Quintana Mildred , Tagmatarchis Nikos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHighly performing, non‐metal inexpensive electrocatalysts for the production of hydrogen via electrochemical water splitting are called for the replacement of current platinum‐based ones. In order to speed up the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, abundant active sites but also efficient charge transfer is needed. In this context, 0D carbon dots (CDs) with large specific surface area, low cost, high conductivity, and rich functional groups emerge as promising non‐metal electrocatalysts. Additionally, the use of conductive substrates provides an effective strategy to boost their electrocatalytic performance. Herein, the unique 3D superstructure of carbon nanohorns (CNHs), as well as without any metal content in their structure, is used to provide a conductive support of high porosity, large specific surface area, and good electrical conductivity, for the in situ growth and immobilization of CDs, via a simple hydrothermal method. The direct contact of CDs with the 3D conductive network of CNHs promotes charge transfer, accelerating hydrogen evolution. The all‐carbon non‐metal CDs/CNHs nanoensembleshows an onset potential close to the one of Pt/C, low charge transfer resistance, and excellent stability.
Atomically Dispersed Ni–N4 Sites Assist Pt3Ni Nanocages with Pt Skin to Synergistically Enhance Oxygen Reduction Activity and Stability
Authors: Yan Wei , Guo Ouyang , Xing Qianli , Liao Meijing , Shi Zhuang , Feng Hao , Zhang Yuexing , Li Xiyou , Chen Yanli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrently, the rarity and high cost of platinum (Pt)‐based electrocatalysts seriously limit their commercial application in fuel cells cathode. Decorating Pt with atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen sites possibly offers an effective pathway to synergy tailor their catalytic activity and stability. Here active and stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts (Pt3Ni@Ni–N4–C) by in situ loading Pt3Ni nanocages with Pt skin on single‐atom nickel–nitrogen (Ni–N4) embedded carbon supports are designed and constructed. The Pt3Ni@Ni–N4–C exhibits excellent mass activity (MA) of 1.92 A mgPt−1 and specific activity of 2.65 mA cmPt−2, together with superior durability of 10 mV decay in half‐wave potential and only 2.1% loss in MA after 30 000 cycles. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that Ni–N4 sites significant redistribute of electrons and make them transfer from both the adjacent carbon and Pt atoms to the Ni–N4. The resultant electron accumulation region successfully anchored Pt3Ni, that not only improves structural stability of the Pt3Ni, but importantly makes the surface Pt more positive to weaken the adsorption of *OH to enhance ORR activity. This strategy lays the groundwork for the development of super effective and durable Pt‐based ORR catalysts.
Maschinelles Lernen beim Entwurf und der Bemessung von Stahlrahmenhallen
Authors: Fisch Rupert , Stecker Enrico , Kraus Michael A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDer Einsatz digitaler Hilfsmittel in Planungs‐ und Bauprozessen steigert die Effizienz, insbesondere für wiederkehrende Aufgaben und Abläufe, wie z. B. die Dimensionierung von Bauteilen oder Bauwerken, welche nach ähnlichen Mustern ablaufen. Dieser Beitrag entwickelt einen Künstliche‐Intelligenz‐(KI‐)basierten Assistenten zum Einsatz im Entwurf und bei der Bemessung von Stahlrahmenhallen als prototypischen Co‐Piloten. Dazu wird die notwendige Datenbasis an Stahlrahmenhallen aus Projektarchiven der TRAGRAUM Partnerschaft Beratender Ingenieure mbB zusammengestellt. Diese wird im Rahmen von Datenanalysen nach den maßgebenden Beschreibungsparametern und Mustern untersucht, sodass geeignete KI‐Ersatzmodelle zur Vorhersage der Hallenparameter mittels Regressionsanalysen trainiert werden. Ferner wird eine Schnittstelle zum Finite‐Elemente‐Programm SOFiSTiK implementiert, welches die Prädiktionen der KI bezüglich der Parameter der Stahlrahmenhallen an ein parametrisiertes Eingabefile übergibt und die Berechnung und Bemessung anstößt. Im Zuge der Kalibrierung der KI‐Ersatzmodelle werden neben den Approximationsgüten auch evtl. vorzuhaltende Sicherheitsaufschläge diskutiert. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass der prototypische Co‐Pilot zur Vorbemessung von Stahlrahmenhallen erfolgreich umgesetzt werden konnte und mit der KI neu generierte Hallenrahmen bezüglich der Validierungsbetrachtungen als standsicher eingestuft werden können. Der Ausblick beleuchtet künftige Weiterentwicklungen dieses Ansatzes sowie den Übertrag auf andere Anwendungen.
Defining epigenetic literacy: How to integrate epigenetics into the biology curriculum
Authors: Gericke Niklas , Mc Ewen Birgitta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to define epigenetic literacy and describe how it can be included in school biology. Epigenetics is a new field of research in biology with abundant societal consequences and conceptual implications on how genetics is understood. Epigenetics explains how genes are regulated, thereby clarifying cell differentiation, and providing an understanding of how the environment interacts with genes. Students are bound to encounter epigenetic knowledge and applications related to issues such as health, food, and exercise in the media and their everyday lives. Consequently, there is a need to develop epigenetic literacy. Nevertheless, epigenetics is missing in biology curricula and is almost unknown among teachers and students. Research on epigenetics in science education is scarce, and we do not know what and how to teach. Therefore, we conducted a policy Delphi study with a panel of experts to define an epigenetic literacy framework for teaching in secondary education in relation to Robert's Vision I and Vision II perspectives on epigenetic literacy. Participants were 41 recognized international experts representing 11 countries and five areas of expertise. The experts suggested that epigenetics should be introduced in the lower secondary genetics course (students aged 13–15 years), but also addressed in other relevant areas of biology. The study generated six content themes: epigenetics as a metaphor; epigenetics connecting nature with nurture; epigenetics as a dynamic process; epigenetic mechanisms; epigenetics and inheritance; and epigenetics and nature of science, and five sociocultural themes for contextualization: epigenetics and lifestyle; epigenetics and diseases; epigenetics and ethics; epigenetics and policies; and epigenetics and forensics. Taken together, these themes constitute the epigenetic literacy framework. Further, we uncover divergent meanings in the expert panel—as is typical of policy Delphi studies—and connect the framework to genetic literacy and learning progressions in genetics education.
Genes and genetic mechanisms contributing to fall armyworm resistance in maize
Authors: Warburton Marilyn L. , Woolfolk Sandra W. , Smith J. Spencer , Hawkins Leigh K. , Castano‐Duque Lina , Lebar Matthew D. , Williams W. Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is a crop of major economic and food security importance globally. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, can devastate entire maize crops, especially in countries or markets that do not allow the use of transgenic crops. Host‐plant insect resistance is an economical and environmentally benign way to control FAW, and this study sought to identify maize lines, genes, and pathways that contribute to resistance to FAW. Of the 289 maize lines phenotyped for FAW damage in artificially infested, replicated field trials over 3 years, 31 were identified with good levels of resistance that could donate FAW resistance into elite but susceptible hybrid parents. The 289 lines were genotyped by sequencing to provide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), followed by a metabolic pathway analysis using the Pathway Association Study Tool (PAST). GWAS identified 15 SNPs linked to 7 genes, and PAST identified multiple pathways, associated with FAW damage. Top pathways, and thus useful resistance mechanisms for further study, include hormone signaling pathways and the biosynthesis of carotenoids (particularly zeaxanthin), chlorophyll compounds, cuticular wax, known antibiosis agents, and 1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoate. Targeted metabolite analysis confirmed that maize genotypes with lower levels of FAW damage tend to have higher levels of chlorophyll a than genotypes with high FAW damage, which tend to have lower levels of pheophytin, lutein, chlorophyll b and β‐carotene. The list of resistant genotypes, and the results from the genetic, pathway, and metabolic study, can all contribute to efficient creation of FAW resistant cultivars.
Correlation of short‐term variation derived from novel ambulatory fetal electrocardiography monitor with computerized cardiotocography
Authors: Liu B. , Thilaganathan B. , Bhide A. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare short‐term variation (STV) outputs from a novel self‐applied non‐invasive fetal electrocardiography (NIFECG) device with those obtained on computerized cardiotocography (cCTG). Technological and algorithmic limitations and mitigation strategies were also evaluated.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of women with a singleton pregnancy over 28 + 0 weeks' gestation attending a tertiary London hospital for cCTG assessment between June 2021 and June 2022. Women underwent concurrent monitoring with both NIFECG and cCTG for up to 1 h. Postprocessing of NIFECG data using various filtering methods produced NIFECG‐STV (eSTV) values, which were compared with cCTG‐STV (cSTV) outputs. Linear correlation, mean bias, precision and limits of agreement were assessed for STV derived by the different methods of computation and mathematical correction.ResultsOverall, 306 concurrent NIFECG and cCTG traces were collected from 285 women. Fully filtered eSTV was correlated very strongly with cSTV (r = 0.911, P < 0.001), but generated results only in 142/306 (46.4%) 1‐h traces owing to the removal of traces with lower‐quality signals. Partial filtering generated more eSTV data (98.4%), but with a weak correlation with cSTV (r = 0.337, P < 0.001). The difference in STV between the monitors (eSTV – cSTV) increased with signal loss; in traces with > 60% signal loss, the values became highly discrepant. Removal of traces with > 60% signal loss resulted in a stronger correlation with cSTV, while still generating eSTV results for 65% of traces. Correcting these remaining eSTV values for signal loss using linear regression analysis further improved correlation with cSTV (r = 0.839, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe discrepancy between STV computed by NIFECG and cCTG necessitates signal filtering, exclusion of poor‐quality traces and eSTV correction. This study demonstrates that, with such correction, NIFECG is able to produce STV values that are strongly correlated with those of cCTG. This evidence base for NIFECG monitoring and interpretation is a promising step forward in the development of safe and effective at‐home fetal heart‐rate monitoring. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Facilitating high‐quality EMS through clear communication
Authors: Paterson Sue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor the final article in this series about the RCVS’ extramural studies (EMS) reforms, Sue Paterson, RCVS junior vice president, describes how a new database will act as a nexus between students, universities and placement providers to ensure that the right people get the right EMS placements. Two young vets who helped shape the proposals also discuss how they hope the new EMS policy will improve outcomes.
Tumor‐targeted nano‐adjuvants to synergize photomediated immunotherapy enhanced antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhu Hongda , Yang Chaobo , Yan Aqin , Qiang Wei , Ruan Rui , Ma Kai , Guan Yeneng , Li Jing , Yu Qi , Zheng Hongmei , Tu Le , Liu Shuang , Dai Zhu , Sun Yao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotomediated immunotherapy explored to combine the anti‐cancer effect of phototherapy with the immune enhancement ability of immunotherapy, and shown great prospects for cancer treatment strategies. However, photomediated immunotherapy triggered antitumor immunity through the release of tumor antigens and damage‐associated molecular patterns from necrotic tumor cells was not enough mighty to improve the therapeutic benefits due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Herein, a tumor‐targeted nano‐adjuvant Fucoidan@Al(OH)3‐Poly(I:C)/IR‐820 for tumor‐targeted therapy and metastasis inhibition was designed and prepared. The intrinsic immunomodulatory effects of tumor‐targeted nano‐adjuvant and their ability to simultaneously trigger tumor antigen release, thereby reversing immunosuppression and achieving potent antitumor immunity and augmented cancer therapy, were explored. The results proved that the multifunctional nano‐adjuvant combined with photothermal, photodynamic, and immunotherapy could effectively treat breast cancer and had metastasis inhibition effect by enhancing anti‐tumor immunity through immunomodulation, it should have great application potential in the treatment of breast cancer.
Gastrotomy approach for removal of an oesophageal foreign body in a dog
Authors: Osaki Tomohiro , Murahata Yusuke , Iguchi Aiko , Amaha Takao , Okamoto Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 9‐year‐old castrated male Kaninchen dachshund dog weighing 4.18 kg was referred to our institution and presented with occasional vomiting and dysphagia. The radiographic examination revealed a long radiopaque foreign body located throughout the thoracic oesophagus. Endoscopic removal was attempted using laparoscopic forceps but was unsuccessful as the foreign body was too large to be grasped. A gastrotomy was therefore performed, and long paean forceps were gently and blindly inserted into the cardia of the stomach. The bone foreign body was grasped with the long paean forceps under fluoroscopy and withdrawn from the oesophagus while checking with an endoscope. A gastrotomy approach using long forceps, endoscopy and fluoroscopy should be considered for removal of oesophageal foreign bodies from patients in which an endoscopic approach has been unsuccessful.
Sero‐prevalence and risk factors associated with brucellosis in dairy cattle of Sylhet District, Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Deb Nath Nirmalendu , Ahmed Syed Sayeem Uddin , Malakar Vashkar , Hussain Tanimul , Chandra Deb Liton , Paul Suman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis is an emerging disease that causes a significant impact on productive and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Though Brucella is a pivotal microorganism for dairy cattle, the scenario of brucellosis in Sylhet District is unknown.ObjectivesA cross‐sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants associated with brucellosis in dairy cattle of Sylhet District.MethodsA total of 386 sera and data on determinants from 63 dairy herds were collected from 12 sub‐districts using simple random sampling. The sera were tested with Rose Bengal Brucella antigen test, Brucella abortus plate agglutination test and serum agglutination test to find out the sero‐positivity.ResultsOverall, 17.09% (95% CI: 13.67–21.18) prevalence in cows were calculated. Relatively higher prevalence (56.08%; 95% CI: 42.23–70.32) was recorded in cows having parity ≥4 and were at higher risk (OR = 7.28) than the other cows with parity 0–3. Prevalence was significantly higher in cows with history of abortion 90.63% (95% CI: 75.79–96.76), repeat breeding 79.17% (95% CI: 65.74–88.27) and reproductive abnormalities 48.54% (95% CI: 39.12–58.07). Farm‐level prevalence was high in farms with the previous history of abortion 95.45% (95% CI: 78.20–99.19) and repeat breeding 90.00% (95% CI: 74.38–96.54).ConclusionsThe prevalence was high in Sylhet district, which might be a public health concern. Therefore, this study would represent the baseline information for guiding brucellosis control and prevention.
Non-linear black hole dynamics and Carrollian fluids
Authors: Redondo-Yuste Jaime , Lehner Luis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of black hole horizons has recently been linked to that of Carrollian fluids. This results in a dictionary between geometrical quantities and those of a fluid with unusual properties due its underlying Carrollian symmetries. In this work we explore this relation in dynamical settings with the interest of shedding light on either side by relevant observations. In particular: we discuss how the null surface where the Carrollian fluid evolves is affected by its behavior; that the fluid’s equilibration properties are tied to teleological considerations; the connection of higher derivative contributions as both source of energy and dissipation for the fluid and the non-linear behavior of black holes. This latter point, connects with discussions of non-linear modes in the relaxation to equilibrium of perturbed black holes.
Complex geodesics in de Sitter space
Authors: Chapman Shira , Galante Damián A. , Harris Eleanor , Sheorey Sameer U. , Vegh David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The two-point function of a free massive scalar field on a fixed background can be evaluated in the large mass limit by using a semiclassical geodesic approximation. In de Sitter space, however, this poses a puzzle. Certain spacelike separated points are not connected by real geodesics despite the corresponding two-point function in the Bunch-Davies state being non-vanishing. We resolve this puzzle by considering complex geodesics after analytically continuing to the sphere. We compute one-loop corrections to the correlator and discuss the implications of our results to de Sitter holography.
Bonded lingual retainer adhesives and discoloration
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu Sabahat , Karadeniz Hasan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This in vitro study was conducted to compare the discoloration of a flowable self-adhesive composite, a highly filled composite adhesive, and a liquid polish applied highly filled composite adhesive for bonded lingual retainers.

Methods
Thirty composite discs were fabricated and divided into three groups: group 1, flowable self-adhesive (GC Ortho Connect™ Flow [GCO], GC Orthodontics, Tokyo, Japan); group 2, highly filled composite adhesive (Transbond™ LR [TLR], 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA); and group 3, highly filled composite adhesive with liquid polish (TLR and BisCover LV™ [TLRB], BISCO Inc, Schaumburg, IL, USA). L*a*b* values were measured by spectrophotometer prior to (T0) and following (T1) immersion in coffee. T1 − T0 differences were calculated as ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, and ∆E*ab values. The Shapiro–Wilk test was performed to determine whether the data were normally distributed. The values that did not fit the normal distribution were evaluated with the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Dunn’s test was used for multiple comparisons. The level of significance was p < 0.05.

Results
The difference between the TLR and TLRB groups was statistically significant for ∆E*ab (P = 0.007). ∆E*ab value of TLR group was greater than ∆E*ab value of TLRB group. The differences between the GCO and TLR groups (p = 0.001) and the TLR and TLRB groups (p = 0.010) were statistically significant for ∆a*. ∆a* values of GCO and TLRB groups were greater than ∆a* value of TLR group. The difference between the TLR and TLRB groups was statistically significant (p = 0.003) for ∆b*. ∆b* value of TLR group was greater than ∆b* value of TLRB group.

Conclusions
Using a Transbond LR polished with BisCover LV or only GC Ortho Connect Flow for lingual retainer bonding reduces coffee-induced discoloration.
The importance of co-located VLBI Intensive stations and GNSS receivers
Authors: Dieck Christopher , Johnson Megan C. , MacMillan Daniel S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrequent, low-latency measurements of the Earth’s rotation phase, expressed as UT1$$-$$-UTC critically support the current estimate and short-term prediction of this highly variable Earth orientation parameter (EOP). Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions provide the required data. However, the Intensive UT1$$-$$-UTC measurement accuracy depends on the accuracy of numerous models, including the VLBI station position. Intensives observed with the Maunakea (Mk) and Pie Town (Pt) stations of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) illustrate how a geologic event (i.e., the$$M_w$$Mw6.9 Hawai‘i Earthquake of May 4th, 2018) can cause a station displacement and an associated offset in the values of UT1$$-$$-UTC measured by that baseline, rendering the data from the series useless until it is corrected. Using the nonparametric Nadaraya–Watson estimator to smooth the measured UT1$$-$$-UTC values before and after the earthquake, we calculate the offset in the measurement to be 75.7 ± 4.6$$\upmu $$μs. Analysis of the sensitivity of the Mk-Pt baseline’s UT1$$-$$-UTC measurement to station position changes shows that the measured offset is consistent with the 67.2 ± 5.9$$\upmu $$μs expected offset based on the 12.4 ± 0.6 mm total coseismic displacement of the Maunakea VLBA station determined from the displacement of the co-located global navigation satellite system (GNSS) station. GNSS station position information is known with a latency on the order of tens of hours and thus can be used to correct the a priori position model of a co-located VLBI station such that it can continue to provide accurate measurements of the critical EOP UT1$$-$$-UTC as part of Intensive sessions. In the absence of a co-located GNSS receiver, the VLBI station position model would likely not be updated for several months, and a near real-time correction would not be possible. This contrast highlights the benefit of co-located GNSS and VLBI stations in support of the monitoring of UT1$$-$$-UTC with single-baseline Intensives.
Comparing 13C methyl and deuterated methyl isotopic labeling for the quantification of methyl cellulose patterns using mass spectrometry
Authors: Schleicher Sarah , O’Connor Gavin , Mischnick Petra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe methyl substitution along and among the polymer chains of methyl cellulose (MC) is commonly analyzed by ESI-MS after perdeuteromethylation of the free-OH groups and partial hydrolysis to cello-oligosaccharides (COS). This method requires a correct quantification of the molar ratios of the constituents belonging to a particular degree of polymerization (DP). However, isotopic effects are most pronounced for H/D since their mass difference is 100%. Therefore, we investigated whether more precise and accurate results could be obtained for the methyl distribution of MC by MS of 13CH3 instead of CD3-etherified O-Me-COS. Internal isotope labeling with 13CH3 makes the COS of each DP chemically and physically much more similar, reducing mass fractionation effects, but at the same time requires more complex isotopic correction for evaluation. Results from syringe pump infusion ESI-TOF-MS with 13CH3 and CD3 as isotope label were equal. However, in the case of LC-MS with a gradient system, 13CH3 was superior to CD3. In the case of CD3, the occurrence of a partial separation of the isotopologs of a particular DP resulted in slight distortion of the methyl distribution since the signal response is significantly dependent on the solvent composition. Isocratic LC levels this problem, but one particular eluent-composition is not sufficient for a series of oligosaccharides with increasing DP due to peak broadening. In summary, 13CH3 is more robust to determine the methyl distribution of MCs. Both syringe pump and gradient-LC-MS measurements are possible, and the more complex isotope correction is not a disadvantage.
Graphical abstract