bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of sequelae of osteoarticular infections of infants and neonates due to delay in initiation of definitive treatment
Authors: Makur Sayantan , Karmakar Arnab , Das Nilay Kanti 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are well-known osteoarticular infections in infants and neonates. The timely intervention of such infections is of utmost importance as delay in initiation of treatment may lead to irreversible joint damage and limb deformity also. The purpose of this study was not only to find out the sequelae of osteoarticular infections of infants and neonates due to delay in initiation of a definitive treatment but also to propose their management.

Materials & Methods:
This study was conducted after approval by the institutional review board. All neonates and infants with sequelae of osteoarticular infection due to delay in initiation of treatment from June 2019 to May 2021 were included in this study. Data for each patient were collected using the Hosp Gestor program. Various sequelae of osteoarticular infection were noted and then rehabilitative surgical management was done.

Results:
Out of 40 neonates and infants who got a delay in initiation of their treatment of osteoarticular infection, 31 (77%) came out with sequelae of osteoarticular infection. There was male predominance in this study. Sequelae were more due to osteoarticular infection of septic arthritis (53%) as compared with osteomyelitis (43%). Hip joint was found to be affected more. All patients were treated for their sequelae with rehabilitative operations. Among rehabilitative operations, hip reconstructive surgery was the most common procedure. The greater the delay in initiation of treatment in the acute stage, the more severe the sequelae.

Conclusion:
Early detection and institutional visit resulted in good outcomes. This study proves the truth behind the fact that delay in diagnosis and initiation of definitive treatment causes more complications and sequelae. This study also serves as a clinical guide to identify risk factors, awareness about early detection, and effective institutional treatment of osteoarticular infections in infants and neonates.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients and its Impact on Thrombus in the Coronaries
Authors: Jayagopal P. B , Omnath R. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Higher thrombus load and poorer outcomes have been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The presence of antibodies to the COVID-19 infection has been linked to excess thrombus. This retrospective study compared the thrombus burden and outcomes in STEMI during primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction (PAMI) between the two groups with Sars antibody positive (SAP) and Sars antibody negative (SAN).

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PAMI from November 2020 to July 2021 admitted to this single center were included. All patients were ruled out for an active infection by a negative rapid antigen and subsequently by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. Participants were divided into SAP and SAN groups based on COVID-19 antibody results performed with the Roche kit. The primary aim was to compare thrombus load, coronary risk factors, and demographic characteristics between SAP and SAN patients and the secondary aim was to compare the inhospital and 30-day mortality between the two groups after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Results:
The study included 261 consecutive STEMI patients (≥18 years; average age: 60.32 + 11.5 [standard deviation]). COVID antibody test results were available for 177 patients (36 SAP and 141 SAN), and these patients were included in the analysis; 144 were male, and 33 were female. There was no significant difference in baseline demographic characteristics between the two groups. Inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (P = 0.479), troponin-T (P = 0.466), or D-dimer (P = 0.681) levels, and thrombus load status (G0 to G5) were not statistically significantly different (P = 0.344) between the two groups. Two patients in the SAP group and none in the SAN group (P = 0.005) died. The 30-day mortality rate (one patient in each group; P = 0.272) was not statistically significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Positive COVID-19 antibody levels in the blood did not produce changes in thrombus load and presentation in STEMI PAMI patients. The inhospital mortality rates and 30-day mortality rates were not affected by the antibody levels to COVID-19 infection.
Histogenesis of Parotid Gland in Human Fetuses
Authors: Chakraborty Dipanjana , Devi Aribam Jaishree 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The present study attempted to find out the histological changes of parotid gland in the developing human fetuses.

Materials and Methods:
Parotid glands from 60 fresh fetuses of gestational weeks ranging from 12weeks to term were studied after staining with Hematoxylene & Eosin, Masson’s Trichome stain, Van Gieson’s stain and Verhoeff’s stains.

Results:
The gland of the fetus at 12 weeks composed of solid epithelial cords with occasional canalization, surrounded by loose mesenchyme. Canalization of cords was completed at 25 weeks and adult picture attained at 36 weeks. Division of the glandular parenchyma into lobes and lobules by connective tissue septa started at 17 weeks. A well formed capsule was seen around the gland at 20 weeks. A gradual decrease in intra-glandular connective tissue occurred in late gestational age. Variety of cells such as fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, fibrocytes and lymphocytes were seen. Numerous adipocytes were found within the glandular parenchyma and around the gland. Ductal tree showed gradual differentiation, presence of cilia-like surface projections from epithelia of larger ducts were seen in 14-32 week fetuses.

Conclusion:
When compared with various authors, some findings of the present study followed the foot-steps of previous workers whereas some were in contrary, the most important difference being the age of full maturation of the glandular architecture. One of the unique finding being the presence of cilia-like surface projections seen in the larger ducts in 14-32 week aged fetuses.
Study of the Histomorphology of Human Pineal Gland
Authors: Singh Gyanraj , Sethi Sudhansu Sekhar , Das Sudeepa , Mohapatra Chinmayi 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Histologically, the pineal gland shows pinealocytes, glial cells, and sometimes calcific concretions. Age-related changes in these three components have been reported by various workers. However, a statistically significant difference between the two sexes has not been found. This study was conducted to find out morphological and histological changes in human pineal gland in relation to advancing age and in relation to gender.

Methodology:
Forty pineal glands were taken for the study. The pineal glands were fixed in 10% formol saline and processed. Slides for microanatomical study were prepared and observed under microscope.

Results:
The size of the pinealocytes, size of their nuclei, and number of glial cells increased with age, but it was not significant. The number of pinealocytes decreased with age (P = 0.02). The size of the calcific concretions increased with age (P = 0.02). The difference in size of pinealocytes, nuclei of the pinealocytes, and the number of pinealocytes between genders was not significant. The difference in the number of glial cells between genders was significant (P = 0.03). The difference in the number of concentric lamellated type of calcific concretions between genders was significant (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
A histological study of pineal gland in human is an area of interest for anatomists, radiologists, and neurologists. This study has paved a way for us for further research using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.
Comprehensive analysis of research outcomes from selected Indian Council of Medical Research Institutes
Authors: Subramani Saravanakumaran , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Given the importance of the ICMR in shaping the research landscape in India, it is essential to understand the research outcomes produced by the various ICMR institutes over the years.

Aim and Objectives:
This study aimed to analyze the research outcomes from the top six selected Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) institutes over a period of 33 years, from 1989 to 2021.

Materials and Methods:
The six ICMR institutes analyzed were the National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, the National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, the National Institute of Malaria Research, the National Institute of Nutrition, and National Institute of Virology.

Results:
A total of 8174 research outcomes were identified, including research articles, review articles, and meeting abstracts. The study analyzed the relative growth rate and doubling time, document types, top journals and research areas, and collaborations and funding agencies associated with these outcomes. The study found that there was a steady growth in research productivity over the years, although a decline was observed in 2021, possibly due to the COVID19 pandemic. The study also identified specific institutes that had the maximum number of publications in certain fields, such as immunology.

Conclusion:
The study's findings can provide valuable insights for policymakers, funding agencies, and researchers interested in understanding the research landscape and trends in India..
Resident Physician Perspectives on Mindfulness Education in Residency: A Multispecialty Qualitative Assessment of Clinical Care Impact
Authors: Minichiello Vincent , Webber Sarah 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Mindfulness training positively influences residents personally and professionally. Routine integration into residency may be impacted by limited understanding of the ways in which mindfulness training enhances clinical care.

Objective
We explored residents' direct experience and personal application of mindfulness in their clinical work following 10 hours of mindfulness training.

Methods
Mindfulness training sessions were facilitated between 2017 and 2019 for 5 groups of residents: pediatrics, ophthalmology, postgraduate year (PGY)-1 anesthesiology, and 2 different years of PGY-1 family medicine residents. Training was integrated into resident protected didactic time and attendance was expected, although not mandated, with the exception of pediatrics, in which the department mandated the training. Qualitative evaluation was conducted using a voluntary, semi-structured, de-identified phone interview within 2 months post-training. Reviewers independently coded the transcripts and then dialogued to reach consensus around emergent themes.

Results
Thirty-six of 72 residents (50%) who participated in the training completed interviews. Themes were similar across specialties. All residents acknowledged the potential usefulness of mindfulness training during residency. Six residents (17%) reported they had not applied the mindfulness training to their daily work by the end of the course. There were 4 emergent themes related to clinical application of mindfulness training: integrating brief moments of mindfulness practice, self-awareness, relational presence with patients, and maintaining perspective during clinical encounters and residency training as a whole.

Conclusions
After completing a 10-hour mindfulness training program, residents reported enhanced perspective-taking and relationship-building with themselves and their patients in clinical settings across medical and procedural specialties.
Anticipated Impact of Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization on Training of Residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Grimes Cara L. , Halder Gabriela , Beckham A. Jenna , Kim-Fine Shunaha , Rogers Rebecca , Iglesia Cheryl 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization ended constitutional protection for abortion, thus severely restricting access to reproductive health care for millions of individuals. Concerns have arisen about the potential impact on medical students, residents, and fellows training in restricted areas and the effect on gynecologic training and the future provision of competent comprehensive women's health care in the United States.

Objective
To qualitatively explore the anticipated impacts of the Dobbs ruling on training in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN).

Methods
A participatory action research approach employing methods of qualitative analysis was used. Trainees and leaders in national OB/GYN professional and academic organizations with missions related to clinical care and training of medical students, residents, and fellows in OB/GYN participated. Two focus groups were held via Zoom in July 2022. Using an iterative process, transcripts underwent coding by 2 independent researchers to identify categories and common themes. Themes were organized into categories and subcategories. An additional reviewer resolved discrepancies.

Results
Twenty-six OB/GYN leaders/stakeholders representing 14 OB/GYN societies along with 4 trainees participated. Eight thematic categories were identified: competency, provision of reproductive health care, residency selection, inequity in training, alternative training, law-based vs evidence-based medicine, morality and ethics, and uncertainty about next steps.

Conclusions
This qualitative study of leaders and learners in OB/GYN identified 8 themes of potential impacts of the Dobbs ruling on current and future training in OB/GYN.
Intraoperative Diagnosis of Gallbladder Agenesis: A Case Report
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullahi , Cosmas Mutisya , Moses Ngugi , Deborah Osiemo , Ester Gumbe , Dan Kiptoon , Eric Hungu , Mohamed Dahir , Daniel Ojuka 
Published: June 2023

Gallbladder agenesis (GA) is an uncommon congenital anomaly with an incidence of 0.09%. Lack of awareness, coupled with vague clinical and radiological characteristics, has led to infrequent preoperative diagnosis. This is the case of a 42-year-old female who presented with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain and features of obstructive jaundice. The patient was listed for open cholecystectomy and common bile duct (CBD) exploration for cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. At laparotomy, diagnosis of GA with adhesion bands tethering the duodenum to the common hepatic duct (CHD) resulting in biliary stricture, was made. Release of the adhesion bands (adhesiolysis) resulted in CHD stricture relaxation and complete biliary decompression.
A systematic review on water accessibility and safety in Ghana: The plausibility to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 by 2030
Authors: Hagan Victoria Mensah , Mohammadnezhad Masoud , Nwankwo Bilkisu , Barasa Emily Bukachi , Garatsa Christopher 
Published: June 2023

Background: Water is essential in everyday life hence, there is a need for it to be available in quality and quantity to all. This study aimed to review relevant published studies on water accessibility and safety in Ghana from 2015 to 2022 to determine the plausibility of Ghana achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 by 2030.
Methodology: A systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines using four databases including ProQuest, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus. Studies with data on specified keywords and published in English from January 2015 to June 2022 were included in this study. Duplicated titles were removed and the title, abstract and full text of remained studies were reviewed by two independent coders. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes.
Results: Ten studies met the criteria and the majority of them used qualitative design (60%). Five main themes were identified including; causes of water contamination, the prevalence of waterborne diseases, types of water sources, implemented policies and challenges for policy implementation. The government implemented policies to provide safe and potable drinking water for the citizen and now, about 72% of the population have access to treated pipe water. Some challenges facing implemented policies include political interest in illegal mining, inadequate waste disposal facilities, and poverty.
Conclusion: This study shows that Ghana can achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6.1which is "Access to clean and affordable water for all" by 2030. The government, public health organizations and stakeholders should work together to alleviate the challenges faced in achieving this goal.
Knowledge and practices of the adult population on diarrheal diseases, transmission, and prevention in Sierra Leone: A community-based cluster survey
Authors: Sesay Bockarie Pompay , Hakizimana Jean Leonard , Elduma Adel Hussein , Gebru Gebrekrstos Negash 
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION
There is limited information on the knowledge and prevention practices of diarrheal disease transmission among adults in Sierra Leone. We assessed the level of knowledge and practices of adults on diarrheal disease transmission and prevention in Sierra Leone.
METHODOLOGY
A community-based cross-sectional cluster survey was conducted in four districts of Sierra Leone. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic, knowledge and practices on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), diarrheal diseases transmission and prevention. On Knowledge questions, a score above 50% was categorized as adequate and below 50% was categorized as poor. We calculated frequencies, proportions and chi-square to compare knowledge and practice differences between urban and rural settings.
RESULTS
Of the total 926 study subjects, 676 (73%) were female, with a median age of 29 years (range:18 - 96 years). Almost, 75% (671/926) of study participants had adequate knowledge of the critical moments of hand washing, higher in urban (79%) compared to rural areas (66%), (p<0.001). Forty-one per cent (377/926) of the study participants had limited knowledge of diarrheal diseases transmission with 48% in urban and 33% in rural areas (p<0.001), 87% (801/926) had limited knowledge of the measures of diarrheal diseases prevention, higher in rural, 416 (92%) compared to urban, 385 (81%), (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Study participants had adequate knowledge on the importance of handwashing, and the critical times to wash hands. Study participants had limited knowledge about the transmission and prevention of diarrheal disease. The majority of the study subjects practice hand hygiene and safe water treatment method in urban as compared to rural settings. We recommend developing a WASH-related sensitization program to improve community awareness of diarrheal disease transmission and prevention.
Use of Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Causes of Insecurity and Crime Rate Investigation in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed S. S. , Usman N. M. , Jibrin M. , Saidu U. , Ahmed R. T. 
Published: June 2023

In this research, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is utilized for evaluation of causes of insecurity and crime rate investigation in Niger State, Nigeria. Data obtained based on the Principal Component Analysis reveals 76.74% total variation. The outcome extracted three PCs out of the 13 original variables, which implies a great dimensionality reduction, namely: Population, Population Density and Sex Ratio. The paper suggested that, addressing the root causes of crime such as population, drug/arrest, domestic product and sex-ratio will mitigate the insecurity and as well as crime rate in Niger state, Nigeria.
Nutritional composition, Phytochemical analysis and Antioxidant capacity of Ethanol extract of Picralima nitida fruit (bark and pulp)
Authors: Olumese F. E. , Aihie P. A. , Oriakhi K. 
Published: June 2023

Picralima nitida (Apocynaceae) is an African pepper tree known for its medicinal benefits. This paper aims to investigate the nutritional composition, phytochemical analysis, and Antioxidant capacity of Ethanol extract of Picralima nitida fruit (bark and pulp) using standard methods. The proximate analysis of the dried powdered fruit (bark and pulp) had high carbohydrate, crude fiber content, moderate ash content, low moisture content, and low crude fat composition. The metal composition analysis showed the presence of various essential and non-essential elements, with sodium, potassium, and iron having the highest concentrations. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and phytosterols in varying concentrations in the ethanol extract. The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that the total phenol, total flavonoid, total tannins, proanthocyanidin, and total saponin contents had concentrations of 92.45 mg GAE/g extract, 331.64 mg QE/g extract, 64.89 mg TAE/g extract, 129.00 mg AAE/g extract, and 213.79 mg DE/g extract respectively. The ethanol extract of P. nitida fruits exhibited strong antioxidant activities, with the FRAP assay showing the highest activity, followed by DPPH radical scavenging activities. These findings suggest that P. nitida stem bark has significant potential as a natural source of antioxidants and essential minerals, which could be useful in developing functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Nanopesticides: Promising Future in Sustainable Pest Management
Authors: GUPTA RENU , SAXENA TANUSHRI , MEHRA NEERA , ARORA RAJNI , SAHGAL ARUNIMA 
Published: June 2023

Insects form the most successful and diverse group of animals present on earth today. Humans have shared a complex relationship with the insects. Though insects are indispensable as pollinators of crops yet at the same time they act as major destroyer of grains, pulses and fruits in the fields along with their post- harvest storage. Many of the dreadful diseases are also being transmitted by insect vectors to humans, livestock and other animals. Economic damage caused by insect pests is enormous. Adoption of advanced pest management strategies can alleviate the monetary losses substantially. Nanotechnological approach for pest control is an emerging and effective technique since it encompasses a wide range of objectives of an efficient pesticide like increased dispersion and solubility, slow release, controlled delivery system and protection against degradation. Newer formulations of pesticides with the intervention of nanotechnology are aimed to enhance their pesticidal properties. Insecticide formulations using nanomaterials as carriers of active ingredient have shown promising results for mitigation of pests of agriculture, storage and disease vectors. However, at present the knowledge is limited. There is a need for extensive evaluation of the toxicity of nanopesticides and the risks involved for humans and environment before their large-scale production and adoption.
In this review article nanoformulations of pesticides with special emphasis on metal-based nanopesticides and their role as efficient alternatives in sustainable control of insect pests without much adverse impact on the environment has been summarized.