bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socialism
Authors: Osborne Martin J. , Rubinstein Ariel 
Published: June 2023

Consider a society in which each individual can produce the same consumption good, like food, using a single input, like land. Each individual is characterized by his productivity. The higher an individual’s productivity, the more output she produces with any given amount of the input.
An economic system can be thought of as a rule that specifies the output produced by the entire society and the allocation of this output among the individuals as a function of the individuals’ productivities. Should individuals with high productivity get more output than ones with low productivity? Should two individuals with the same productivity receive the same amount of output? Should an increase in an individual’s productivity result in him receiving more output?
The design of an economic system requires an answer to such questions. The approach in this chapter (like those in Chapters 3 and 20) is axiomatic. The central result specifies conditions capturing efficiency and fairness that are satisfied only by an economic system that resembles the socialist ideal.
P-Type Processes and Predictability: The Winter Precipitation Type Research Multiscale Experiment (WINTRE-MIX)
Authors: Minder Justin R. , Bassill Nick , Fabry Frédéric , French Jeffrey R. , Friedrich Katja , Gultepe Ismail , Gyakum John , Kingsmill David E. , Kosiba Karen , Lachapelle Mathieu , Michelson Daniel , Nichman Leonid , Nguyen Cuong , Thériault Julie M. , Winters Andrew C. , Wolde Mengistu , Wurman Joshua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During near-0°C surface conditions, diverse precipitation types (p-types) are possible, including rain, drizzle, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, ice pellets, wet snow, snow, and snow pellets. Near-0°C precipitation affects wide swaths of the United States and Canada, impacting aviation, road transportation, power generation and distribution, winter recreation, ecology, and hydrology. Fundamental challenges remain in observing, diagnosing, simulating, and forecasting near-0°C p-types, particularly during transitions and within complex terrain. Motivated by these challenges, the field phase of the Winter Precipitation Type Research Multiscale Experiment (WINTRE-MIX) was conducted from 1 February to 15 March 2022 to better understand how multiscale processes influence the variability and predictability of p-type and amount under near-0°C surface conditions. WINTRE-MIX took place near the U.S.–Canadian border, in northern New York and southern Quebec, a region with plentiful near-0°C precipitation influenced by terrain. During WINTRE-MIX, existing advanced mesonets in New York and Quebec were complemented by deployment of 1) surface instruments, 2) the National Research Council Convair-580 research aircraft with W- and X-band Doppler radars and in situ cloud and aerosol instrumentation, 3) two X-band dual-polarization Doppler radars and a C-band dual-polarization Doppler radar from the University of Illinois, and 4) teams collecting manual hydrometeor observations and radiosonde measurements. Eleven intensive observing periods (IOPs) were coordinated. Analysis of these WINTRE-MIX IOPs is illuminating how synoptic dynamics, mesoscale dynamics, and microscale processes combine to determine p-type and its predictability under near-0°C conditions. WINTRE-MIX research will contribute to improving nowcasts and forecasts of near-0°C precipitation through evaluation and refinement of observational diagnostics and numerical forecast models.
Are Both Object and Alphanumeric Rapid Automatized Naming Measures Required to Predict Word Reading Fluency in German Prereaders?
Authors: Schoefl Martin , Seifert Susanne , Steinmair Gabriele , Weber Christoph 
Published: June 2023

Rapid automatized naming (RAN) powerfully predicts word-level reading fluency in the first 2 years of school as well as further reading development. Here, we analyze various RAN stimuli (objects and digits) and oral/silent word reading (OWR/SWR) modalities to find feasible measures for predicting early reading development. The RAN performances of 127 children starting first grade were assessed. The children’s oral and silent word reading skills were then reassessed in the second grade. Linear regression models and relative weight analysis were used to compare reading and screening modalities and further precursors of reading such as phonological awareness and nonverbal IQ were controlled. Scores from the first grade RAN assessment did not differentially predict second grade OWR versus SWR levels. RAN digits predicted word reading development more strongly than RAN objects, which contributed uniquely when predictions used only RAN variables. However, when different precursors of reading were controlled, only RAN digits helped to predict early reading performance.
Numerical investigation on conjugate heat transfer characteristics of film and vortex composite cooling under rotating conditions
Authors: Wang Jiefeng , Li Jianwu , Zhao Yujuan , Li Jianming , Li Rong , Li Liang 
Published: June 2023

This paper numerically investigates the vortex and film composite cooling performance under rotating conditions. The cooling performance of the adiabatic and conjugate models is compared under the range of 0–4000 r/min. The conjugate model contains the fluid region: the cascade, the film holes, and the internal vortex cooling chamber, as well as the solid region: the blade material between the internal flow and the mainstream flow. The adiabatic model is established by removing the blade material part in the conjugate model. The dimensionless temperature θ inversely proportional to the temperature is adopted. Results show that the blade leading edge temperature doesn’t vary linearly with the rotating speed. The stagnation line of the mainstream flow on the blade leading edge moves from the pressure surface to the suction surface. The maximum θ appears at 1500 r/min when the stagnation line stays certainly on the row of film holes located on the pressure surface and is 7.86% higher than the minimum θ. The minimum θ appears at 2500 r/min when the stagnation line stays on the position between the rows of film holes. The distribution of θ is much uniform, and the value of θ is much higher in the conjugate cases than the adiabatic cases due to the heat conduction through the blade material. The highest aerodynamic parameter appears at 2000 r/min due to its relatively low blade leading edge temperature and low coolant consumption and is 41% higher than the aerodynamic parameter at 0 r/min.
Vibrational loss analysis of a new type of phononic crystal with a tungsten block embedded inside a rubber matrix
Authors: Tang Rongjiang , Lu Taoqi , Pan Chaoyuan , Zheng Weiguang 
Published: June 2023

Vibration and noise pollution is one of the main pollution in modern society. In order to obtain good vibration damping effect, more effective phononic crystals should be designed. Based on the theory of elastic wave propagation in solids, three types of phononic crystals are designed in this paper using tungsten blocks embedded in a rubber matrix, which are cup-shaped phononic crystal, solid cylindrical phononic crystal, and hollow cylindrical phononic crystal. Firstly, the band gap characteristics and vibration losses of the three phononic crystals are analyzed by using the finite element method. Secondly, the physical mechanism of band gap formation is explored by vibration modes. Finally, the cup-shaped phononic crystal was introduced into the core layer of the sandwich plate to form the cup-shaped phononic crystal sandwich plate, and its vibration damping performance was analyzed. The results show that the three phononic crystals can form three band gaps in the range of 0–800 Hz, and the first low-frequency band gap starts at about 140 Hz and is all wider than 200 Hz. It is noteworthy that the average loss of vibration transmission of the three types of phononic crystals is more than 69 dB, which possesses stronger damping capability and wider low- and middle-frequency band gaps than the flat plate type phononic crystals. The vibration direction of the phononic crystal is at an angle of 90° to the wave vector, which prevents the propagation of elastic waves. The phononic crystal embedded in the sandwich panel plate is more in line with the actual demand of vibration damping and obtains good vibration damping effect. The research in this paper can provide more feasibility for phononic crystal damping.
Futility monitoring for randomized clinical trials with non-proportional hazards: An optimal conditional power approach
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , George Stephen L 
Published: June 2023

Background Standard futility analyses designed for a proportional hazards setting may have serious drawbacks when non-proportional hazards are present. One important type of non-proportional hazards occurs when the treatment effect is delayed. That is, there is little or no early treatment effect but a substantial later effect. Methods We define optimality criteria for futility analyses in this setting and propose simple search procedures for deriving such rules in practice. Results We demonstrate the advantages of the optimal rules over commonly used rules in reducing the average number of events, the average sample size, or the average study duration under the null hypothesis with minimal power loss under the alternative hypothesis. Conclusion Optimal futility rules can be derived for a non-proportional hazards setting that control the loss of power under the alternative hypothesis while maximizing the gain in early stopping under the null hypothesis.
Relationship Between Airborne Fungi Presence and the Position of the High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter in the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning System
Authors: Sabuco-Tébar Emiliana A. , Arense-Gonzalo Julián J. , Campayo-Rojas F. Javier 
Published: June 2023

Aim: Establish the influence of the terminal or nonterminal position of High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters in the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system on the presence of airborne fungi in controlled environment rooms. Background: Fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Methods: This study was realized from 2010 to 2017, in rooms with terminal and nonterminal HEPA filters, in eight Spanish hospitals. In rooms with terminal HEPA filters, 2,053 and 2,049 samples were recollected, and in rooms with nonterminal HEPA filters, 430 and 428 samples were recollected in the air discharge outlet (Point 1) and in the center of the room (Point 2), respectively. Temperature, relative humidity, air changes per hour, and differential pressure were recollected. Results: Multivariable analysis showed higher odds ratio ( OR) of airborne fungi presence when HEPA filters were in nonterminal position ( OR: 6.78; 95% CI [3.77, 12.20]) in Point 1 and ( OR: 4.43; 95% CI [2.65, 7.40]) in Point 2. Other parameters influenced airborne fungi presence, such as temperature ( OR: 1.23; 95% CI [1.06, 1.41]) in Point 2 differential pressure ( OR: 0.86; 95% CI [0.84, 0.90]) and ( OR: 0.88; 95% CI [0.86, 0.91]) in Points 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions: HEPA filter in terminal position of the HVAC system reduces the presence of airborne fungi. To decrease the presence of airborne fungi, adequate maintenance of the environmental and design parameters is necessary in addition to the terminal position of the HEPA filter.
Glass Recognition and Map Optimization Method for Mobile Robot Based on Boundary Guidance
Authors: Tao Yong , Gao He , Wen Yufang , Duan Lian , Lan Jiangbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurrent research on autonomous mobile robots focuses primarily on perceptual accuracy and autonomous performance. In commercial and domestic constructions, concrete, wood, and glass are typically used. Laser and visual mapping or planning algorithms are highly accurate in mapping wood panels and concrete walls. However, indoor and outdoor glass curtain walls may fail to perceive these transparent materials. In this study, a novel indoor glass recognition and map optimization method based on boundary guidance is proposed. First, the status of glass recognition techniques is analyzed comprehensively. Next, a glass image segmentation network based on boundary data guidance and the optimization of a planning map based on depth repair are proposed. Finally, map optimization and path-planning tests are conducted and compared using different algorithms. The results confirm the favorable adaptability of the proposed method to indoor transparent plates and glass curtain walls. Using the proposed method, the recognition accuracy of a public test set increases to 94.1%. After adding the planning map, incorrect coverage redundancies for two test scenes reduce by 59.84% and 55.7%. Herein, a glass recognition and map optimization method is proposed that offers sufficient capacity in perceiving indoor glass materials and recognizing indoor no-entry regions.
Complex implementation mechanisms in primary care: do physicians’ beliefs about the effectiveness of innovation play a mediating role? Applying a realist inquiry and structural equation modeling approach in a formative evaluation study
Authors: Söling Sara , Demirer Ibrahim , Köberlein-Neu Juliane , Hower Kira Isabel , Müller Beate Sigrid , Pfaff Holger , Karbach Ute ,   AdAM Study Group
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe adoption of digital health technologies can improve the quality of care for polypharmacy patients, if the underlying complex implementation mechanisms are better understood. Context effects play a critical role in relation to implementation mechanisms. In primary care research, evidence on the effects of context in the adoption of digital innovation for polypharmacy management is lacking.Study aimThis study aims to identify contextual factors relevant to physician behavior and how they might mediate the adoption process.MethodsThe physicians who participated in this formative evaluation study (n = 218) were part of the intervention group in a cluster-randomized controlled trial (AdAM). The intervention group implemented a digital innovation for clinical decision making in polypharmacy. A three-step methodological approach was used: (1) a realist inquiry approach, which involves the description of a context-mechanism-outcome configuration for the primary care setting; (2) a belief elicitation approach, which involves qualitative content analysis and the development of a quantitative latent contextualized scale; and (3) a mediation analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on quantitative survey data from physicians to assess the mediating role of the contextualized scale (n = 179).ResultsThe key dimensions of a (1) context-mechanism-outcome model were mapped and refined. A (2) latent construct of the physicians’ innovation beliefs related to the effectiveness of polypharmacy management practices was identified. Innovation beliefs play a (3) mediating role between the organizational readiness to implement change (p < 0.01) and the desired behavioral intent of physicians to adopt digital innovation (p < 0.01;R2 = 0.645). Our contextualized model estimated significant mediation, with a relative size of 38% for the mediation effect. Overall, the model demonstrated good fit indices (CFI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.034).ConclusionPhysician adoption is directly affected by the readiness of primary care organizations for the implementation of change. In addition, the mediation analysis revealed that this relationship is indirectly influenced by primary care physicians’ beliefs regarding the effectiveness of digital innovation. Both individual physician beliefs and practice organizational capacity could be equally prioritized in developing implementation strategies. The methodological approach used is suitable for the evaluation of complex implementation mechanisms. It has been proven to be an advantageous approach for formative evaluation.Trial registrationNCT03430336. First registration: 12/02/2018. ClinicalTrials.gov.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of JMB2002–an antibody against COVID-19: a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy Chinese adults
Authors: Chen Guiling , Zhang Ying , Wu Kaiqi , Jin Tinghan , Peng Conggao , Jiang Qi , Tian Wenjuan , Chen Zhong , Shen Zhenwei , Sheng Guoping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and subsequent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a significant global public health burden, leading to an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a potentially effective therapeutic option. We identified a potent antibody JMB2002 against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. JMB2002 has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in a SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaque model.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, phase 1 trial to evaluate the JMB2002’s safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity in healthy Chinese adults. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four cohorts with sequential dose, administrated intravenously with JMB2002 or placebo, and followed up for 85 ± 5 days.

Results
40 participants were recruited and completed in the study. Eight (25.0%) participants experienced 13 treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) that were drug-related. No serious adverse events (SAEs), dose limiting events (DLTs), or adverse events of special interest (AESIs), such as infusion related/allergic reactions, were observed, and no drop out due to adverse events (AEs) occurred. There was no significant safety difference observed between JMB2002 and the placebo, suggesting it was well tolerated. The AUC0−∞, AUC0 − t of JMB2002 infusion increased dose-dependently from 5 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg while there is also a linear trend between doses and Cmax.

Conclusion
Therefore, JMB2002 was well tolerated after administration of a single dose in the range of 5 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg in healthy Chinese adults.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2100042150 at https://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx (14/01/2021).
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis with Actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Qingyu , Hong Zhuquan , Hong Quanlong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The combined infection of actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis and cryptococcal encephalitis is rare in routine clinical practice. Thus, we presented this case report and literature review to provide clues to improve such patients' diagnoses and treatment processes.

Case presentation
The main clinical manifestations of the patient were high fever and intracranial hypertension. Then, we completed the routine cerebrospinal fluid examination, biochemical detection, cytological examination, bacterial culture, and India ink staining. Firstly, the blood culture suggested actinomyces odontolyticus infection, considering the possibility of actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis and intracranial actinomyces odontolyticus infection. Accordingly, the patient was administered penicillin for treatment. Although the fever was slightly relieved, the symptoms of intracranial hypertension did not relieve. After 7 days, the characteristics of brain magnetic resonance imaging and the results of pathogenic metagenomics sequencing and cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen suggested that cryptococcal infection. Based on the above results, the patient was diagnosed with a combined infection of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis. Anti-infection therapy with ‘penicillin, amphotericin, and fluconazole’ was provided, improving the clinical manifestations and objective indexes.

Conclusion
The combined infection of Actinomyces odontolyticus sepsis and cryptococcal encephalitis is first reported in this case report, and combined antibiotics with ‘penicillin, amphotericin, and fluconazole’ are effective.
Monkeypox detection using deep neural networks
Authors: Sorayaie Azar Amir , Naemi Amin , Babaei Rikan Samin , Bagherzadeh Mohasefi Jamshid , Pirnejad Habibollah , Wiil Uffe Kock 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In May 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region announced an atypical Monkeypox epidemic in response to reports of numerous cases in some member countries unrelated to those where the illness is endemic. This issue has raised concerns about the widespread nature of this disease around the world. The experience with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased awareness about pandemics among researchers and health authorities.

Methods
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown promising performance in detecting COVID-19 and predicting its outcomes. As a result, researchers have begun applying similar methods to detect Monkeypox disease. In this study, we utilize a dataset comprising skin images of three diseases: Monkeypox, Chickenpox, Measles, and Normal cases. We develop seven DNN models to identify Monkeypox from these images. Two scenarios of including two classes and four classes are implemented.

Results
The results show that our proposed DenseNet201-based architecture has the best performance, with Accuracy = 97.63%, F1-Score = 90.51%, and Area Under Curve (AUC) = 94.27% in two-class scenario; and Accuracy = 95.18%, F1-Score = 89.61%, AUC = 92.06% for four-class scenario. Comparing our study with previous studies with similar scenarios, shows that our proposed model demonstrates superior performance, particularly in terms of the F1-Score metric. For the sake of transparency and explainability, Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-Cam) were developed to interpret the results. These techniques aim to provide insights into the decision-making process, thereby increasing the trust of clinicians.

Conclusion
The DenseNet201 model outperforms the other models in terms of the confusion metrics, regardless of the scenario. One significant accomplishment of this study is the utilization of LIME and Grad-Cam to identify the affected areas and assess their significance in diagnosing diseases based on skin images. By incorporating these techniques, we enhance our understanding of the infected regions and their relevance in distinguishing Monkeypox from other similar diseases. Our proposed model can serve as a valuable auxiliary tool for diagnosing Monkeypox and distinguishing it from other related conditions.