bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Refresh your hearts so they might better remember’
Authors: Vignone Joseph Leonardo 
Published: January 2025

The education of the medieval Islamic scholarly elite (ulema) required that they memorize and retain countless texts for verbatim recollection throughout their careers. The ulema composed treatises of ethics (adab), in part to describe the resiliences students needed to cultivate in order to cope with the physical and emotional strain of their education. Using such works of adab, this article documents the ulema’s understanding of the role of the heart (qalb, del) and concupiscent spirit (nafs) in memorization from the tenth through fourteenth centuries CE. By the end of the tenth century, the ulema had grown into a discrete class of urban professionals who described the toll exacted by memorization techniques as a virtue of their profession, serving to alienate students from worldly temptations and focus their attentions on learning. They viewed the highly sensitive and apperceptive heart as central to this process, channeling the acquisitive desires of the spirit toward the assimilation of knowledge. While the heart’s sensitive nature and the spirit’s concupiscence were assets in this regard, the ulema also understood that training these faculties for memorization risked exposing their bodies to numerous, unpleasant affective experiences, including intellectual exhaustion, career anxiety, and physical illness. Calls to balance the ulema’s emotional and physical health against the need to continuously integrate knowledge reached its highest pitch in the wake of al-Ghazali, whose works of adab put forward a popular but strident program of discipline designed to empty the ulema’s spirits of errant desires and maximize the heart’s acquisition of divine knowledge. Works of adab written by the more professionalized ulema of the later medieval period substantially tempered al-Ghazali’s program. These treatises urge students to complement challenging courses of study with reasonable periods of relaxation and self-indulgence, in order to maintain the health of their hearts and spirits. By tracing the ulema’s concern over the emotional health of their class as it professionalized across the medieval period, this article documents how central affective considerations were to medieval Islamic scholarly society.
Christianity and the Contest for Manhood in Late Antiquity: The Cappadocian Fathers and the Rhetoric of Masculinity By N. D. Howard (2023)
Authors: Perkins Alexander D 
Published: January 2025

Christianity and the Contest for Manhood in Late Antiquity: The Cappadocian Fathers and the Rhetoric of Masculinity By N. D. Howard (2023) Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, xviii + 338pp., 2 images, 1 table
Assessment of the effectiveness of scenarios for the adaptation of the regional economy to external economic constraints
Authors: Rezepin A. V. , Danilova I. V. , Pravdina N. V. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation scenarios to the external economic constraints of the regional economy, taking into account changes in the structural characteristics of the industrial sector.Methods: to determine the "sufficient" and "necessary" conditions for effective adaptation of regions to foreign economic constraints, the study used qualitative comparative analysis using fuzzy sets (fsQCA) and the Quine-McCluskey algorithm. 27 combinations of qualitative characteristics of regional adaptation have been identified, taking into account changes in the sectoral structure of production, the degree of openness of the economy, the level of manufacturability and innovation of products. Simplification of logical expressions made it possible to identify 6 scenarios and evaluate their effectiveness as the dynamism of industrial production growth.Results: the generalization of scientific publications on the research topic and the analysis of the practice of adapting regions to foreign economic constraints in 2008, 2014-2015 made it possible to identify three basic scenarios: "conservation", "reconstruction" and "restructuring" of the industrial profile of the region. Equifinality has been established when adaptation results similar in terms of industrial production dynamics are observed in regions with different combinations of structural changes in the industrial profile. Refined adaptation scenarios have been identified that contribute to the dynamization of recovery growth and subsequent economic development of the regions.Conclusions and Relevance: it has been established that foreign economic constraints produce structural changes in the industrial profile of the regions. The response of regions to external shocks is specific in terms of the scale and directions of structural changes. Effective adaptation scenarios have been identified, and recommendations have been formulated to improve the structural and industrial policies of the regions for the period of restrictions in 2022.
The methodology for calculating the number of teaching staff using economically feasible norms
Authors: Krokhmal L. A. , Kovshun Yu. A. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to develop the methodology for calculating the number of teaching staff based on the integration of the university's educational and economic plans.Methods: the methods of modeling, analysis, generalization, synthesis, grouping, and the method of abstracting an integrated approach are used as the main ones in the article. In addition, following methods were used: scientific sources review, document analysis and observation method based on the university materials, in whose activities the methodology for calculating the number of teaching staff has been implemented through economically justified standards.Results: the focus of the presented research was aimed at increasing the efficiency of financial support for the salaries of teaching staff. Expenses on the teaching staff occupy the largest share in the cost structure and have a significant impact on the financial condition of the university. Therefore, the methodology is proposed for calculating the number of teaching staff based on the integration of the university’s educational and economic plans. The standard for financial support of the state assignment of universities is considered and the author’s algorithm for calculating the number of teaching staff, based on the integration of educational and economic plans of the university, is developed. During the study, 5 main stages of calculating the number of teaching staff were identified, in accordance with which the calculation of the staffing level was carried out using the example of an agricultural university. It has been established that the planned number of teaching staff is lower than the planned staffing level, calculated based on the volume of contact work hours, which makes it possible to encourage universities to restructure their curricula without going beyond funding limits.Conclusons and Relevance:the proposed approach allowed to conduct the calculation of teaching staff in accordance with the curriculum with a standardized volume of financial resources allocated to finance the remuneration of teaching staff of a specific educational program. The author's method for calculating the number of teaching staff, based on the integration of the university's economic and educational plans, could become the tool for increasing economic efficiency.
Mathematical modeling of the optimal tax trajectory of a commercial organization
Authors: Zakharova K. A. , Muravev D. A. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to develop the mathematical model for quantitative assessment of the tax burden by building the tax trajectory of a commercial organization as the tool for optimizing tax payments.Methods: the presented concept is developed on the basis of mathematical modeling of related economic processes concerning the formation of the tax base of the large economic entity. The model is based on a differential equation that determines the dynamics of fixed assets in relation to the selected optimal tax trajectory of the company.Results: the authors propose an approach to the calculation of tax payments based on the construction of the optimal tax trajectory of an economic entity. The analysis of the impact of building the optimal tax trajectory on the efficiency of the organization’s activity was carried out. In this context, the number of principles for the construction of the optimal tax trajectory of the company are formed, allowing to take into account the interests of the taxpayers and the state in terms of the efficiency of resource allocation and stable budget replenishment. It’s revealed that in order to replenish the revenue part of the budget it’s possible to increase the tax burden of an economic entities, which doesn’t affect their financial position.Conclusions and Relevance: the proposed approach expands the instrumental apparatus for calculating tax payments from the position of both taxpayers and fiscal authorities. The construction of the optimal tax trajectory contributes to the adoption of targeted decisions regarding the increase or decrease of the tax burden of an economic entity in mutual accounting with the factors of the macroeconomic situation. This approach allows both to manage the revenue part of the budget and subsequently redistribute it to solve social problems or overcome the decline in business economic activity. At the micro level, this contributes to the synchronization of the organization’s taxation system and the financial results of its activities. The practical significance of this approach lies in the prospect of further development and scaling of the mechanism of building an optimal tax trajectory for a wider range of companies, including through various instruments of state financial support.
The methodological approach to identifying the quasi-market in mechanical engineering
Authors: Kovalev V. Ye. , Yaroshevich N. Yu. , Komarova O. V. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to develop the methodological approach to identifying the industry quasi-markets.Methods: based on the analysis of the concept and definition of the essential features of the quasi-market, the main methods of identification of this type of the market structure were systematized, and the author's methodological approach was substantiated, including the estimation of the cross-ownership coefficient in the horizontal, vertical and compilation projection and the coefficient of relative object demand. For the empirical analysis we used data from the Spark Interfax database in accordance with the OKVED classifier.Results: it is shown that quasi-market structures are found not only in the markets with state participation, but also in the industrial markets that do not provide the state order, which is due to cross-ownership rights and the formation of affiliated companies of vertical and horizontal industry integration. Within the framework of empirical analysis, the methodological approach to identify quasi-market has been tested on the example of the markets of machine-building products.Conclusions and Relevance: approaches to the assessment of quasi-market structures are systematized and the methodological toolkit for its evaluation are proposed. The theoretical significance of the obtained results lies in the development of the concept of the sectoral markets in terms of the development of theoretical and methodological basis for the typology and assessment of market structures of modern economy and interdisciplinary approach to the study of transformation of sectoral markets, which will make it possible to analysis, identify and model the development of the sectoral markets and market structures at the macro- and meso-level. The practical significance of the results consists in the development of the methodological approach based on the assessment of cross-ownership factors, the prevailing forms of integration, the size of object demand, which will make it possible to assess the presence of the quasi-market, develop strategies for industrial development and increase the effectiveness of adaptive measures of the government regulation.
Transaction costs of the scientific journal editorial: management possibilities and limitations
Authors: Gurova I. M. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to identify the features of transaction cost management in the activities of the Russian scientific journal editorials.Methods: the study is based on the use of universal general scientific research methods, elements of strategic, economic, organizational, management analysis and a systemic approach to the organization of management processes. Transaction costs are estimated based on the ordinal approach, and the most common classification of them is used for the analysis.Results: the article considers and characterizes the categories of transaction costs that affect the functioning of the editorial. For each the editorial, the quality, factors of occurrence and structure of these costs will be individual, which depends on the target settings for the development of the scientific journal. From the point of view of management, the external and internal directions of interactions are analyzed. It is emphasized that the purpose of management is precisely to optimization the costs for the implementation of transactions. In this sense, the existing possibilities are shown and the main limitations of management are determined. The practical operation of transaction cost management mechanisms is illustrated by the example of the editorial office of the scientific journal "MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research)".Conclusions and Relevance: the scientific journal editorial is an infrastructural unit of the scientific field. In its activities, it carries out a large volume of interactions of various directions, therefore, it is under the pressure of transaction costs, which can be mitigated by means of management influence. Management capabilities are largely determined by the internal potential of the editorial office (knowledge, management, innovation, finance), as well as support from industry market organizations. The main limitations are the property of "infinite interchangeability" of transaction costs (when the elimination of some inevitably generates others) and the complexity of their identification and assessment with a lack of a methodological base and practical tools. The measures applied in practice are often situational in nature, which can reduce their effectiveness. Therefore, the systematic approach to optimizing transaction costs within the overall management of the organization is recommended for the editorial.
A true experimental study to assess the effectiveness of juice in relieving constipation among older adults in a selected hospital, Kolar
Authors: Vani R  , Suma  , Treesa  , Usha  , Saji Treesa , Adithya  , Abhilash  , Cariena Joseph Zeanath , Abiya  , Aleena  , Akhila  , Algeena  , Tinu  , Namitha  
Published: January 2025

: Chronic constipation becomes more common as people age, in both genders, although it becomes most common beyond age 60. is commonly used as a potent laxative and as a substance to enhance gastrointestinal motility. can be used as a natural remedy for constipation at affordable prices among old age people.Study aimed to assess the effectiveness of aloeAloe vera juice to relieve constipation among older adults.For the present study, a randomized control trial pretest-posttest design was adopted. Subjects consist of 60 (30 Experimental and 30 Control) older adults from R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre. The pretest was conducted using the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) through the Block Randomization sampling technique in both groups. A freshly prepared juice of 100 milligrams per day was given for 20 days. Posttest was conducted in both experimental and control group after 10, and 20 day. The data gathered were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical method using frequency, percentage, SD, Independent t test, paired t test and RMANOVA with Posthoc test. The dataset comprised 60 elderly patients. In total, the Majority of respondents 70% and 73.3% reported moderate level constipation in the experimental group & and control group during pretest. Constipation scores of no problem during posttest-I was 93.3% & 96% in experimental group during 10 and 20 day. Whereas in control group remains unchanged with moderate and severe constipation scores. Independent “t”test and RMANOVA found to be significant in experimental group. Constipation remains a clinical problem among elderly. There is a significant relationship between effectiveness of juice in relieving constipation among old age people.Furthermore study emphasize that, home remedy based laxatives which are affordable, available aloevera juice are effective to relive constipation among elderly. , Constipation, Old Age
Impact of diabetes mellitus on tear secretion, intraocular pressure, and contrast sensitivity: A comparative study of controlled and uncontrolled diabetics
Authors: Varshney Ankit Sanjay , Saraiya Aarchi B , Mahida Hardeepsinh B. , Patel Chetna Suresh , Chauhan Mahendrasinh Dolatsinh 
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with systemic and ocular complications that impair visual function. This study evaluates the impact of DM on tear secretion, intraocular pressure (IOP), and contrast sensitivity (CS), and explores the relationship between DM duration and these parameters.To compare tear secretion, IOP, and CS in non-diabetic individuals and diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled DM, and to assess the influence of DM duration on these ocular measures.This prospective observational study was conducted from August 2023 to July 2024 at a tertiary eye care center in Surat, India, with 150 participants (300 eyes). Participants were divided into three groups: 50 non-diabetic controls, 50 with controlled DM (HbA1c ≤7), and 50 with uncontrolled DM (HbA1c &#62;7). Tear secretion was measured using the Schirmer test, CS with the Pelli-Robson chart, and IOP using non-contact tonometry. Statistical analysis included ANOVA for group comparisons and Pearson correlation to assess relationships with DM duration.Diabetic patients had significantly lower tear secretion (controlled DM: 12mm; uncontrolled DM: 8mm) than non-diabetic controls (18 mm; p &#60;0.05). CS was also reduced in diabetic groups, with controlled DM patients averaging 1.4 log units and uncontrolled DM patients 1.1 log units, compared to 1.9 log units in controls (p &#60;0.05). IOP was higher in diabetic groups but not statistically significant. DM duration positively correlated with reduced CS (r = 0.45, p &#60;0.05) but not with tear secretion or IOP.DM significantly impairs ocular health, evidenced by elevated IOP, reduced tear secretion, and diminished CS, particularly in uncontrolled cases. While DM duration is strongly associated with progressive CS decline, it does not significantly affect tear secretion or IOP. These findings underscore the need for routine ocular assessments and effective glycemic control to prevent visual complications in diabetic patients.
THE ROLE OF PT BANK ACEH'S DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN SUPPORTING MSMEs DRIVING HALAL TOURISM IN ACEH PROVINCE
Authors: Aprullah Muhammad Putra , Adria Agus , Sayuthi Muhammad , Fuadi Raida , Julnadi Salsabilla 
Published: January 2025

The research aims to discuss the role of Bank Aceh's digital transformation in developing halal tourism in Aceh Province. The concept of tourism development that remains in synergy with the cultural values of the Acehnese people who are thick with Islamic values. The people of Aceh have a strong commitment to implementing Islamic law in a kaffah manner and in all activities of life. Bank Aceh's digital transformation is very important to support the development of halal tourism in Aceh Province. Bank Aceh must consider three main factors in carrying out digital transformation as a means of supporting the development of halal tourism. First, halal tourism is developed based on the values of Islamic law, national law and qanun (regional regulations). Second, the importance of halal certification in all types of services. Third, the active involvement of PT Bank Aceh in the feasibility study of capital and MSMEs assistance in managing tourist attractions, tourism marketing, tourism industry, and institutional development. These three factors need to be fully supported by integrative government and financial industry policies. This research is expected to contribute to the development of knowledge about the role of digital transformation of PT Bank Aceh in developing halal tourism in Aceh Province.
Wyobrażenie prawdziwsze od rzeczywistości
Authors: Poręba Izabela , Poręba Karol 
Published: January 2025

Wychodząc od interpretacji tego, co niesamowite w powieści W górach szaleństwa H.P. Lovecrafta, wskazano różne sposoby opisywania rzeczywistości poprzez dziwność, strategię podwojenia czy fantazję na temat przyszłości. Połączenie namysłu nad realizmem z kategorią wyobraźni ujęte zostało jako sposób poszukiwania zewnętrza dla aktualnego porządku społeczno-politycznego.
SURVEY LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND ANTHROPOMETRIC STATUS
Authors: Arika Umi Zar in  , Imam Sugeng  , Roudhotul janah  
Published: January 2025

Students of Physical Education Health and Recreation Faculty of teacher training and education are prepared to become competent educators in the field of sports. One of the skills competencies required is understanding and skills in measuring physical activity levels, understanding physical activity and anthropometry. The purpose of this study was adalah to determine and understand the measurement aktivitas of physical activity, understanding of physical activity and anthropometric status of students of Physical Education Health and Recreation FKIP. This study is cross-sectional research on students who administer the test and measurement of sports. Understanding of the level of physical activity measured by metode the test method, the level of physical activity was measured using a questionnaire GPAQ (global Physical Activity Questionanire) and tipe body type or somatotype was measured based on the health Charter Manual.
Then the data is processed in a descriptive and correlation Person to determine the relationship between the level of understanding of physical activity, physical activity level and anthropometry using SPSS. The results showed that in all students who manage the course of sports tests and measurements have level a good level of physical activity baik GPAQ score an average of 7248.13 ° 2420.5 METs. Correlation test showed positive correlation between the level of understanding of physical activity and physical activity level correlation p < 0.05.
THE CORRELATION OF AGE AND VISCERAL FAT WITH TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
Authors: Yuliasih  , Nurdin Fatah , Tangkudung Albert Wolter Aridan , Chandra  
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the correlation between age, and visceral fat with total cholesterol. The method used is a cross-sectional approach. For the population of RPTRA visitors in East Jakarta, the sampling technique with accidental sampling is based on chance. The result of this study is that age (X1) to total cholesterol (Y) correlates to 0.290. While visceral fat (X2) to total cholesterol (Y) correlates to 0.432, there is a moderate correlation between visceral fat and total cholesterol. So, age does not affect total cholesterol or visceral fat. Some of the factors that affect the increase in cholesterol are diet and activity.