bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis of Lateral Neck Masses
Authors: Guha Ruma , Jana Sonali , Das Prithvi , De Kumar Shankar 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The neck and parapharyngeal space are one of the most vital regions in the body, encompassing multiple major blood vessels, nerves, spine and the airway itself. Lateral neck masses that present to an ENT practitioner may not only include a wide variety of differentials, but may present as emergencies in case of an airway compromise. In such situations, decision making and arriving at the diagnosis becomes important not only from a curative perspective but also from a lifesaving one. Here we discuss a few cases of lateral neck masses that had presented to us with unusual presentation or had a rare diagnosis, along with the line of management that was followed.
Cases: We present a case of a giant pleomorphic adenoma presenting with stridor, an adult onset cystic hygroma, a schwannoma presenting with dyspnea, an isolated infiltrating lipoma and 2 other cases of schwannoma.
Conclusion: Tumours of the neck and parapharyngeal region have a wide variety as this region contains almost every kind of tissue. Diagnosis of any lesion should be done with caution, using the appropriate history, examination and investigative tools available. Not only the common presentation, but also outliers and uncommon presentations of common tumours should be kept in mind.
Karakterisasi Morfologis Aksesi Jewawut (Setaria Italica L. Beauv ) Untuk Budidaya Pangan Alternatif di Lahan Sub-Optimal
Authors: Kadir Muhammad , Isnaini Junyah Leli , Syatrawati Syatrawati , Kumalawati Zahraeni , Syahruddin Karlina 
Published: April 2023

Jewawut dikenal juga sebagai Foxtail Millet merupakan tanaman serealia yang dibudidayakan sejak dan tersebar pada daerah yang kering dan beriklim sedang, serta lebih toleran terhadap kekeringan dibandingkan serealia lainnya. Jewawut menjadi salah satu pangan fungsional alternatif yang sangat potensial terutama pada masa-masa krisis pangan mengancam dimana distribusi, produksi serta akses terhadap pangan umum terbatas seperti adanya pandemi, maupun kondisi dimana lahan optimal tidak cukup tersedia. Karakter tanaman ini belum banyak dikenal dan dimanfaatkan di Indonesia. Karakterisasi morfologi merupakan tahap pertama dalam proses menggali keragaman jewawut, dimana karakterisasi dapat diarahkan untuk mencari karakter spesifik tujuan tertentu. Karakterisasi pada penelitian ini diarahkan pada tujuan pengembangan pada lahan kering dan sub-optimal, dimana pada kondisi ini salah satu sasaran pengembangan tanaman adalah menemukan tanaman yang berpotensi produksi tinggi serta kokoh (tidak mudah rebah) ditandai dengan keunggulan pada beberapa karakter morfologis. Analisis karakter dilakukan terhadap 19 aksesi Jewawut yang berasal dari seluruh Indonesia menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Karakter yang berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji DMRT untuk mengetahui aksesi dengan beberapa Karakter Morfologi yang unggul spesifik. Hasil karakterisasi beberapa Karakter kuantitatif vegetatif dan generatif maka terpilih aksesi ICE-276-12C, ICE-276-11D, ICE-276-13A, IC
Sociocultural Drivers of Spirituality in Indian Saints: A Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Mishra Badrinarayan 
Published: April 2023

Human health is multidomain. However, the physical component has dominated health research. Spiritual health, the component traditionally considered the pivot for health and wellness has taken a back seat. Exploring its’ different determinants in the traditional preachers will enhance our understanding of them and will be a guide for their use in the common man’s life.
Aim: To find out important sociocultural factors/drivers of the spiritual health of Indian Saints.
Objectives: To identify the important social and cultural determinants of spirituality in the study group by factor extraction through Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Methodology: 958 connecting Indian Saints who congregated at Kumbh Mela in the holy city of Ujjain in 2016 were randomly selected in equal proportion from different sects(clans). Their sociocultural background and spiritual score were evaluated by a sociocultural questionnaire and SAI (Spiritual Assessment Inventory). The contribution of sociocultural factors to spiritual score was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear regression modeling. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05.
Results: 20 sociocultural factors were evaluated for component loading (factor extraction) and their impact on the spiritual score. The KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure) score of Sampling Adequacy, Bartlett's test of sphericity and Communalities extraction were 0.57, sig. of 0.00 and ≥ 0.4 respectively thereby supporting; factor analysis. On PCA 6 had an eigenvalue > 1. All of these 6 principal components were found maintainable on The Monte Carlo PCA for Parallel Analysis and they together explained 66.20% of the cumulative variance. Their respective taxonomies were emancipation (PC 1), family heritage (PC 2), stimuli (PC 3), faith (PC 4), education (PC 5), and self-hegemony (PC 6). On regression analysis, the four important influencers of spirituality were; participants’ origin from a joint family (p – 0.00), their daily routine for spiritual enhancement (p-0.01), respect for other religions (p-0.00), and self-motivation (p-0.01).
Conclusion: Emancipation (freedom from family bondage), the presence of religious family background, a fixed daily routine, belief in all religions, an unremitting drive for spiritual education, and self-hegemony were dominant components that determined spirituality in Indian Saints. Translating these drivers for the benefit of commoners may enrich their overall health and wellness.
Effect of Different Natural Farming Treatments on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pigeon Pea in Inter-cropping System in Western U.P.
Authors: Singh Ankur , Lal Mohan , Shivashankar K. , Tiwari Richa , Singh Kunwar Satyendra , Pandey Saurabh Raj 
Published: April 2023

The field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Centre, Chiraodi farm of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) in order to study the effect of different natural farming treatments on growth, yield and quality of pigeon pea in inter-cropping system in western U.P. during the year 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design with 16 treatments comprising of different combinations of natural farming components (Beejamrutha, Jeevamrutha, Mulching and Green manure) which were replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of Beejamrutha + Jeevamrutha + Mulching + Green manure recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., higher plant height (165.70 cm), No. of primary branches per plant (25.81), no. of secondary branches per plant (30.81) and leaf area index (2.40) and yield attributing characters namely number of pods/plant (468.60), number of grains/pod (6.62), Pod weight per plant (277.68) and 100 seed weight (12.88) as compared to other treatment combinations. Application of Beejamrutha + Jeevamrutha + Mulching + Green manure recorded significantly higher grain yield (2286 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. However, treatments with Beejamrutha + Mulching + Green manure and Jeevamrutha Jeevamrutha + Mulching + Green manure recorded similar growth, yield parameters and yield.
Pre‐operative pulmonary artery pulsatility index does not predict mortality post‐cardiac transplantation
Authors: Bart Nicole , Hungerford Sara , Emmanuel Sam , Kotlyar Eugene , Keogh Anne , MacDonald Peter , Muller David , Hayward Christopher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsThe pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) is a novel haemodynamic marker that has previously been shown to predict right ventricular dysfunction and mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension and advanced heart failure. Utility of the PAPi in predicting outcomes post‐cardiac transplantation is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic significance of PAPi against pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) for the predication of morbidity and all‐cause mortality post‐transplantation.Methods and resultsAll patients who underwent cardiac transplantation over a 6 year period were studied. Pre‐operative right heart catheter data was obtained. The PAPi was calculated as follows: (systolic pulmonary artery pressure [sPAP] − diastolic pulmonary artery pressure [dPAP])/right atrial (RA) pressure. One hundred fifty‐eight patients with a mean age of 49 ± 14 years were studied (43 with a pre‐transplant left ventricular assist device [LVAD]). Three patients were excluded due to missing data. In the non‐LVAD group, there was no significant difference in PAPi or PVR, nor was there any association with post‐operative outcome (including stratification by natural history sub‐type; all P > 0.05). In the LVAD group, there was no association with PAPi and post‐operative outcome; however, PVR was predictive of post‐operative mortality (mortality: 2.8 ± 1.3 WU vs. alive: 1.7 ± 0.7 WU; P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe PAPi was not able to discriminate mortality outcomes for patients post‐cardiac transplantation. Pulmonary vascular resistance remains a marker of mortality in an LVAD cohort bridged to transplant (central illustration).
Sensitivity analysis of energy, exergy, and environmental models for a combined cooling, heating, and power system at different operating conditions of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Alizadeh Kharkeshi Behrad , Mehregan Mahmood , Sheykhi Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this research article, for recovering the waste heat of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, a combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) system with a new arrangement is proposed. The main system components are a PEM, an absorption chiller, an auxiliary boiler, and hydrogen and heat storage tanks. The electrochemical model of PEM is presented for evaluating the power and heat of the fuel cell. Also, energy and exergy efficiencies and fuel energy saving ratio of the CCHP system are evaluated by the steady‐state thermodynamic model, and for the first time, the impacts of critical operating parameters of PEM such as current density, operating pressure, and temperature on the annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction and annual CO2 tax reduction as well as fuel saving are studied. The results show that the proposed CCHP system's energy efficiency is evaluated at about 66%. With the increase in temperature of PEM, the exergy efficiency reaches 37%. In addition, using this system can reduce CO2 emissions by 191 ton per year. Also, this system can reduce the tax cost of carbon dioxide emissions by about $ 5700 per year.
Novel variants, muscle imaging, and myopathological changes in Chinese patients with VCP‐related multisystem proteinopathy
Authors: Wan Yalan , Wang Qi , Zheng Yiming , Yu Meng , Xie Zhiying , Ling Chen , Meng Lingchao , Yu Jiaxi , Zheng Yilei , Wang Yikang , Zhang Wenhao , Liu Chang , Zhao Yawen , Yuan Yun , Deng Jianwen , Gang Qiang , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this research was to study the clinical features, genetic characteristics, muscle imaging, and muscle pathological changes of a cohort of Chinese patients with mutations in the valosin‐containing protein (VCP) gene.MethodsNine patients from seven Chinese pedigrees were recruited. Variants were detected by next‐generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Thigh muscle MRIs were performed in five patients. All the patients received muscle biopsies.ResultsSeven variants in VCP were identified, and two were novel. All the patients presented with adult‐onset muscle weakness. The appearance of “isolated island sign” or “contra‐isolated island sign” was observed in four of the five the patients on muscle MRIs. Muscle biopsies demonstrated the combination of neuropathic and myopathic changes in seven patients and muscle dystrophic changes in two patients. Notably, rimmed vacuoles and cytoplasmic VCP and p62‐positive protein aggregates were observed in all the patients.ConclusionOur finding of novel variants expanded the mutational spectrum of the VCP gene. This cohort of Chinese patients with VCP mutations mainly present with inclusion body myopathy with predominant limb–girdle distribution. The characteristic pattern of fatty infiltration, especially the “isolated island” and “contra‐isolated island” on muscle MRI, along with rimmed vacuoles in muscle biopsy, provides valuable clues for guiding genetic diagnostic workup.
Simultaneous occurrence and compensating effects of multi‐type disorder in two‐dimensional photonic structures
Authors: Röhlig David , Kuhn Eduard , Thränhardt Angela , Blaudeck Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFinite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations of the transmission spectra of planar small‐footprint photonic components with up to four types of morphological disorder as a materials parameter are performed with the aim to identify the individual contributions of the type of disorder to the spectral features. We concentrate on optical components that have a small footprint, that is, their extensions in two dimensions are roughly one order of magnitude higher than the wavelength. They are modeled by a regular pattern of cylinders in a 7 × 10 square lattice, modified by the introduction of a disorder parameter varying either presence, radius, position, distance, or dielectric properties of the cylinders and the surrounding medium. Although the observation that an increasing amount of disorder results in a decreasing transmission intensity of an optical component is well known, quantitative studies of the particular spectral changes and a clear correlation especially with multiple types and amounts of disorder are rare. From these findings, we propose a model component that can incur a compensation of disorder‐induced spectral effects of geometric type with such effects of dielectric type. Our work shows that several types of disorder as well as the mixing two types of disorder can be used for an intentional adaptation of the spectral transmission characteristics and may be considered in the design of small‐footprint photonic components such as scatterers, diffusers, and waveguides.
Saturated adaptive feedback control of electrical‐optical gyro‐stabilized platform based on cascaded adaptive extended state observer with complex disturbances
Authors: Wu Yuefei , Yang Fengbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is still an open and challenging issue to the typical position control problems of the three‐axis electrical‐optical gyro‐stabilized platform systems (TEOGSP), due to inherent characteristics, for example, measurement noise, input saturation, parametric uncertainties, largely unknown load disturbance. To solve this problem, a saturated adaptive robust feedback controller using an adaptive cascaded extended state observer (SAFCESO) is proposed for compromising between the measurement noise effect and the sensitivity to disturbances. Firstly, the matched and mismatched disturbances existing in the TEOGSP system are estimated and rejected by the cascaded adaptive extended state observers (CESO). Secondly, the parametric uncertainties are evaluated by the adaptive control, and the match disturbances are attenuated by the robust control. Moreover, the adaptive robust control law does not require the velocity measurement signal and internal dynamics information of the system, which is practical to implement. Hence, all various uncertainties could be mainly compensated. Then, the improved auxiliary systems governed by smooth switching functions are developed and incorporated into the control design to compensate for the effect of the input saturation. Finally, the command filters are introduced to limit the magnitude of the virtual control and to calculate the derivative of the virtual control, respectively. The extensive comparative experimental results in the TEOGSP systems showed that the proposed SAFCESO method had superiorities in terms of high‐precision tracking accuracy, robustness, and noise reduction.
Atopic dermatitis in skin of colour. Part 1: new discoveries in epidemiology and pathogenesis
Authors: Gan Christian , Mahil Satveer , Pink Andrew , Rodrigues Michelle 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a global condition that has a rising prevalence in developing countries such as those within South-east Asia and Latin America. Recent research represents the condition as a heterogeneous disease of distinct endotypes among different ethnic groups. Variation between ethnic groups in physiological measures such as transepidermal water loss, ceramide/+, skin sensitivity, alongside pathological barrier and immune system dysfunction processes, may ultimately lead to the distinct phenotypes seen clinically. AD in patients of White ethnicities is typified by filaggrin dysfunction, more T helper (Th)1 and less Th17 involvement, with less epidermal thickness compared with patients of Black or Asian ethnicities. AD in patients of Black ethnic groups is Th2/Th22-skewed, with robust IgE expression, and less Th1 and Th17 involvement than patients of Asian or White ethnicities. AD across South Asian and East Asian populations is characterized by Th17/Th22 upregulation. Differences also exist in how AD psychosocially has an impact on individuals of different ethnic groups.
Application of YouTube/Cyando by Dutch Supreme Court: Usenet operator not liable for copyright infringement
Authors: Jacobi Jan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Dutch Supreme Court recently applied the criteria for online intermediary liability as formulated by the Court of Justice of the European Union in its YouTube/Cyando ruling (joined cases C-682/18 and C-683/18). The Supreme Court ruled that the operator of a Usenet platform, where copyright-protected works were shared illegally, was not liable for copyright infringement. In particular, the Supreme Court held that there was no intervention by the operator that led to an act of a communication to the public being performed, because the operator had not contributed to giving access to the copyright-protected works.
Presequence protease reverses mitochondria‐specific amyloid‐β‐induced mitophagy to protect mitochondria
Authors: Dou Yunxiao , Tan Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide is accumulated in the mitochondria and has been shown to play a central role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been shown that exposure of neurons to aggregated Aβ can result in damaged mitochondria and dysregulated mitophagy, indicating that changes in the Aβ content of mitochondria may affect the levels of mitophagy and interfere with the progression of AD. However, the direct influence of mitochondrial Aβ on mitophagy has not been elucidated. In the present study, the effect of the mitochondria‐specific Aβ was assessed following a direct change of Aβ content in the mitochondria. We directly change mitochondrial Aβ by transfecting cells with mitochondria‐associated plasmids, including the mitochondrial outer membrane protein translocase 22 (TOMM22) and 40 (TOMM40) or presequence protease (PreP) overexpression plasmids. The changes in the levels of mitophagy were assessed by TEM, Western blot, mito‐Keima construct, organelle tracker, and probe JC‐1 assay. We demonstrated that increased mitochondrial Aβ content enhance mitophagy levels; overexpression of PreP could reverse the mitochondrial Aβ‐induced mitophagy levels in vivo and in vitro by reversing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential. The data provide novel insight into the role of mitochondria‐specific Aβ in the progression of AD pathophysiology.
Clarifications on habitat complexity: A response to technical note by Madin et al.
Authors: Loke Lynette H. L. , Chisholm Ryan A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a critique of our recent review on measuring habitat complexity in ecology, Madin et al. (2023) advocate the use of fractal dimension in ecology and defend their geometric constraint theory of habitat complexity. We explain the flaws in their arguments and highlight points where they misinterpreted our statements.
Data from Progenitor-like Traits Contribute to Patient Survival and Prognosis in Oligodendroglial Tumors
Authors: Ng Felicia Soo-Lee , Toh Tan Boon , Ting Esther Hui-Ling , Koh Geraldene Rong-Hui , Sandanaraj Edwin , Phong Mark , Wong Swee Seong , Leong Siew Hong , Kon Oi Lian , Tucker-Kellogg Greg , Ng Wai Hoe , Ng Ivan , Tang Carol , Ang Beng Ti 
Published: April 2023

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Patient-derived glioma-propagating cells (GPC) contain karyotypic and gene expression profiles that are found in the primary tumor. However, their clinical relevance is unclear. We ask whether GPCs contribute to disease progression and survival outcome in patients with glioma by analyzing gene expression profiles.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We tapped into public sources of GPC gene expression data and derived a gene signature distinguishing oligodendroglial from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) GPCs. By adapting a method in glioma biology, the Connectivity Map, we interrogated its strength of association in public clinical databases. We validated the top-ranking signaling pathways Wnt, Notch, and TGFβ, in GPCs and primary tumor specimens.</p><p><b>Results:</b> We observed that patients with better prognosis correlated with oligodendroglial GPC features and lower tumor grade, and this was independent of the current clinical indicator, 1p/19q status. Patients with better prognosis had proneural tumors whereas the poorly surviving cohort had mesenchymal tumors. In addition, oligodendroglial GPCs were more sensitive to Wnt and Notch inhibition whereas GBM GPCs responded to TGFβR1 inhibition.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> We provide evidence that GPCs are clinically relevant. In addition, the more favorable prognosis of oligodendroglial tumors over GBM could be recapitulated transcriptomically at the GPC level, underscoring the relevance of this cellular model. Our gene signature detects molecular heterogeneity in oligodendroglial tumors that cannot be accounted for by the 1p/19q status alone, indicating that stem-like traits contribute to clinical status. Collectively, these data highlight the limitation of morphology-based histologic analyses in tumor classification, consequently impacting on treatment decisions. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 18(15); 4122–35. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>