bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of a New In-Line Continuous Blood Gas Monitor
Authors: Southworth Rhonda , Sutton Robin , Mize Sam , Stammers Alfred H. , Fristoe Lance W. , Cook David , Hostetler Dan , Richenbacher Wayne E. 
Published: August 2023

Two methodologies for obtaining accurate blood gas and electrolyte values during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are traditional laboratory analyzers, which use an electrochemical technology, and continuous in-line monitoring systems, which use a fluorometric and/or spectrophotometric technology. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new continuous in-line monitor, the 3M™ CDI™ Blood Parameter Monitoring System 500, which provides continuous in-line measurements of pH, PCO2, PO2, potassium (K+), oxygen saturation, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and temperature, during partial or complete CPB. Study parameters included arterial pH, PCO2, PO2 , and K+ values. Overall performance was analyzed by calculating the mean difference (expressed as the bias) between the CDI system 500 and the laboratory analyzer for each parameter. The accuracy of the arterial pH, PCO2, and K+ values provided by the CDI system 500 was then evaluated using target values established in the acceptable performance standards for laboratory analyzers from the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 (CLIA '88). The accuracy of the PO2 value provided by the CDI system 500 was evaluated using a target value of ± 10% of the reference, or laboratory analyzer, value.
A prospective multi-center trial was conducted following Institutional Review Board approval. A total of 75 cases was included in the analyses, with over 200 data points from 4 clinicallocations. Results for pH, PCO2 , and K+ were within the target values established by CLIA '88. pH bias was 0.00 ± 0.02 pH units. PCO2 bias was −0.3 ± 3.3 mm Hg. K+ bias was approximately + 0.12 ± 0.31 mmole/l. Results for PO2 were within 10% of the reference value. PO2 bias was 7.5 ± 13.8 mm Hg.
The results of this clinical trial show that the CDI System 500 continuous in-line monitoring system provides values that meet the accuracy standards for laboratory analyzers for arterial pH, PCO2, PO2, and K+.
The Effects of Nitric Oxide on Coagulation During Simulated Extra corporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Rauch Eric D. , Stammers Alfred H. , Mejak Brian L. , Vang See N. , Viessman Thomas W. 
Published: August 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with profound alterations in hemostasis, with platelet dysfunction often being implicated as a causative factor for transfusion. Nitric oxide (NO) has shown to be a rapid yet temporary inhibitor of platelet function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of NO on platelet number and function in an in vitro ECMO model.
Eight silicone membrane oxygenators were primed with fresh, heparinized, bovine blood and allowed to circulate for 48 hours. The treatment group (NO) consisted of four oxygenators that had an end concentration of 20 ppm NO applied to the sweep gas. Platelet counts, methemoglobin levels, plasma-free hemoglobin levels, activated clotting times, and thromboelastographic (TEG) studies were performed at baseline, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on sample areas from each oxygenator.
The treatment group maintained an average of 25% higher platelet counts than the control group (85.1 ± 32.0, × 103 versus 66.5 ± 30.9 × 103) although statistical significance was not achieved. Methemoglobin levels were significantly elevated in the treatment circuit at hours 12 and 24 (p< .05). This could be attributed to the lack of a biological interaction that would break down this toxic by-product. TEG indices steadily declined in both groups from baseline (−0.4 ±3.6) to (−17.2 ± 3.3 p <.0007) treatment and (−20 ± 4.5, p<.0001) control, with the treatment circuit maintaining only slightly improved indices over the most of the study. SEM data showed increased fibrin and cellular deposits in the control group (p = .05) when compared with the treatment group.
NO added to the sweep gas of a simulated ECMO circuit at 20 ppm had little effect on the maintenance of platelet number and function.
Das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom
Authors: Keye Philip , Lübke Jan 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas primäre Offenwinkelglaukom (POWG) als häufigstem Subtyp der Glaukomerkrankungen liegt keine Verlegung des Kammerwinkels zugrunde. Klinisch kommt es zu einem fortschreitenden Verlust von
retinalen Ganglienzellen, der bei Überschreiten einer kritischen Schwelle zu irreversiblen Gesichtsfelddefekten führt. Die bisher einzige evidenzbasierte Therapie ist die Senkung des
Augeninnendrucks (IOD), um die vollständige Erblindung zu verhindern.
A Digital Health Intervention to Improve the Clinical Care of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Chugh Rishika , Liu Andrew W. , Idomsky Yelena , Bigazzi Olivia , Maiorano Ali , Medina Eli , Pierce Logan , Odisho Anobel Y. , Mahadevan Uma 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that requires close monitoring. Digital health virtual care platforms can enable self-monitoring and allow providers to remotely surveil patients and efficiently identify those with active disease.
Objectives The primary aim was to design and implement an IBD remote monitoring program, identify predictors of patient engagement, and determine who found the chat to be a valuable tool.
Methods We developed the IBD Virtual Care Chat, an electronic health record (EHR)-integrated chat to monitor electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs), medication changes, and disease activity, and subsequently report concerning findings to providers via the EHR. All patients in the IBD practice over age 18 with a clinical encounter in the preceding 12 months were eligible to be enrolled. The primary aim was to identify predictors of patient engagement and determine who found the chat to be a valuable tool.
Results Between May 2021 and March 2022, 2,934 patients were enrolled. A total of 1,160 engaged at least once and 687 (23.4%) continually engaged, submitting at least three ePROs. Disease severity (based on Harvey–Bradshaw Index or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index) did not impact ePRO submissions. Patients were significantly more likely to be continually engaged if they self-reported the presence of extraintestinal manifestations (7%, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.14; p = 0.04). Patient satisfaction remained moderately high with a median score of 8 (interquartile range: 5–10) on a scale of 1 (poor) to 10 (good).
Conclusion Our program demonstrates the potential for EHR-integrated digital health as part of routine IBD care to achieve sustained engagement with high patient satisfaction.
Using a Markerless Motion Capture System to Identify Preinjury Differences in Functional Assessments
Authors: Laupattarakasem Pat , Cook James L. , Stannard James P. , Smith Patrick A. , Blecha Kyle M. , Guess Trent M. , Sharp Rex L. , Leary Emily 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFunctional assessments identify biomechanical issues which may indicate risk for injury and can be used to monitor functional recovery after an injury or surgery. Although the gold standard to assess functional movements is marker-based motion capture systems, these are cost prohibitive and have high participant burden. As such, this study was conducted to determine if a markerless motion capture system could detect preinjury differences in functional movements between those who did and did not experience a noncontact lower extremity injury (NCLEI). A three-dimensional markerless motion capture system comprised an area of 3 m × 5 m × 2.75 m was used. Participants were Division I collegiate athletes wearing plain black long-sleeve shirts, pants, and running shoes of their choice. Functional assessments were the bilateral squat, right and left squat, double leg drop vertical jump, static vertical jump, right and left vertical jump, and right and left 5 hop. Measures were recorded once and the first NCLEI was recorded during the first year after measurement. Two-factor analysis of variance models were used for each measure with factors sex and injury status. Preinjury functional measures averaged 8.4 ± 3.4 minutes capture time. Out of the 333 participants recruited, 209 were male and 124 were female. Of those, 127 males (61%) and 92 females (74%) experienced later NCLEI. The most common initial NCLEI was nonanterior cruciate ligament knee injury in 38 females (41.3%) and 80 males (62.0%). Females had decreased flexion and lower valgus/varus displacement during the bilateral squat (p < 0.006). In addition, knee loading flexion for those who were not injured were more than that seen in the injured group, and was more pronounced for injured females (p < 0.03). The markerless motion capture system can efficiently provide data that can identify preinjury functional differences for lower extremity noncontact injuries. This method holds promise for effectively screening patients or other populations at risk of injury, as well as for monitoring pre-/postsurgery function, without the large costs or participant burden.
Hankel determinant and orthogonal polynomials for a perturbed Gaussian weight: From finite n to large n asymptotics
Authors: Min Chao , Chen Yang 
Published: August 2023

We study the monic polynomials Pn(x; t), orthogonal with respect to a symmetric perturbed Gaussian weight function w(x)=w(x;t)≔e−x21+tx2λ,x∈R, with t&gt;0,λ∈R. This problem is related to single-user multiple-input multiple-output systems in information theory. It is shown that the recurrence coefficient βn(t) is related to a particular Painlevé V transcendent, and the sub-leading coefficient p(n, t) of Pn(x; t) (Pn(x; t) = xn + p(n, t)xn−2 + ⋯) satisfies the Jimbo–Miwa–Okamoto σ-form of the Painlevé V equation. Furthermore, we derive the second-order difference equations satisfied by βn(t) and p(n, t), respectively. This enables us to obtain the large n full asymptotic expansions for βn(t) and p(n, t) with the aid of Dyson’s Coulomb fluid approach in the one-cut case [i.e., λt ≤ 1 (t &gt; 0)]. We also consider the Hankel determinant Dn(t), generated by the perturbed Gaussian weight. It is found that Φn(t), a quantity allied to the logarithmic derivative of Dn(t) via Φn(t)=2t2ddtlnDn(t)−2nλt, can be expressed in terms of βn(t) and p(n, t). Based on this result, we obtain the large n asymptotic expansion of Φn(t) and then that of the Hankel determinant Dn(t) in the one-cut case.
Eating behaviour, body image, and mental health: updated estimates of adolescent health, well-being, and positive functioning in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Babbott Katie M. , Consedine Nathan S. , Roberts Marion 
Published: August 2023

Introduction Body image dissatisfaction and its associated challenges have been related to poorer health outcomes among adolescents worldwide, including disordered eating behaviour, depression, and anxiety. However, current prevalence estimates of these issues in Aotearoa New Zealand or, relatedly, the estimates of positive attitudes and behaviours, such as intuitive eating and body appreciation are dated. Aim The primary aim of this paper was to provide updated estimates for a variety of constructs related to eating behaviours and body image, sourced from a diverse range of early adolescent participants. Methods For this report, a brief online survey was advertised to adolescents throughout Aotearoa New Zealand (n = 893) via school and community noticeboards. Results Approximately one-in-three male participants and one-in-two female participants reported body image dissatisfaction. One in four participants reported clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety. Discussion Given such issues, there is clearly still much progress to be made in advancing positive health among early adolescents. Identifying potentially protective constructs such as intuitive eating and body appreciation may offer guidance into the best targets for prevention and early intervention.
Stabilising transient ferromagnetic states in nanopatterned FeRh with shape-induced anisotropy
Authors: Grimes M , Sazgari V , Parchenko S , Zhou J , Soh Y , Heyderman L J , Thomson T , Scagnoli V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is well-known that FeRh undergoes an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition where the high temperature phase is a low coercivity FM material. However, little is known about the effect of lateral confinement on the transition dynamics in FeRh thin films. Here, we pattern FeRh thin films into arrays of nanowires with a large aspect ratio (100:1) and, with ultrafast probing of the magnetic state in an applied magnetic field, we determine the influence of demagnetization fields on the stability of laser induced FM domains. In particular, with pump-probe Kerr measurements, we demonstrate that, when a magnetic field is applied along the nanowire length, the nanowire arrays exhibit an FM phase (>3.0ns) that is longer-lived than that observed for continuous thin films (≈2.0 ns). With electrical measurements, we also show that the transition temperature depends on the relative orientation of the magnetic field. Indeed, when the FeRh film is patterned with sub-μm features, the transition temperature decreases by up to 7 K depending on the field direction at applied magnetic fields of 1 T. The effects of sample heating are explored using finite-element simulations to determine the heat dissipation following laser excitation across a range of FeRh nanowire widths. These simulations confirm that the increased lifetimes of the magnetic-field-aligned FM domains in the nanowire arrays are not due to differences in heat dissipation. This suggests that FM domain growth and relaxation through the ultrafast phase transition in FeRh nanowires is strongly dependent on the shape anisotropy. This knowledge is important for the fine control of the phase transition in patterned FeRh thin films for nanoscale devices.
Low temperature charge transport study of MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS composites: insulating to metallic regime
Authors: Sharma Meenu , Bhatia Ravi , Sameera I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composites have been examined for their temperature and magnetic field dependent conductivity behavior. The conductivity ratio, σ
r (σ
300 K/
σ
2 K), is significantly impacted by the sulfuric acid post-treatment of the composites and a slight alteration in MWCNTs loading. By adjusting the loading of MWCNTs in the composites, the charge transport is tuned from insulating to metallic regime. For the low loading of MWCNTs (0.04 wt%), charge transport of the composite lies in the insulating regime and follows a variable range hopping model. At moderate loading of MWCNTs, the transport of the composites lies in the critical regime and the temperature dependent conductivity follows a power law model. As the MWCNTs loading increases to 4 wt%, transport of the composites shifts to the metallic regime with σ
r ∼ 2.8. The temperature dependent conductivity has been explained by using electron-electron interactions and weak localization effects and the conductivity follows ∼T
1/2 and ∼T
3/4 dependence in different temperature regimes. Wave function shrinkage and forward interference effects have been used to evaluate the magnetoconductance (MC) of the samples located in the insulating regime. For the composites lying in the metallic regime, a dominant contribution from weak localization explains the behaviour of the MC. However, for those in the critical regime a combined effect of weak localization and electron-electron interactions has been observed.
Three-dimensional critical points and flow patterns in pulmonary alveoli with rhythmic wall motion
Authors: Dong Jun , Lv Huimin , Yang Yue , Cao Yong , Zhu Yonggang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of airflow in the pulmonary acini are of broad interest in understanding respiratory diseases and the fate of inhaled particles. This study investigates the three-dimensional (3d) alveolar flows with rhythmic cavity wall motion, using a finite element method based computational fluid dynamics. This study reports the new research findings on the critical points and associated flow patterns. The locations of critical points are found based on the Brouwer degree theory and Broyden’s method. The phase portrait is used to evaluate the flow patterns around the critical points and the stability (repelling/attracting property) of the critical points on the symmetry plane of the alveolus. Based on the Poincare–Bendixson theorem, the closed orbits on the symmetry plane are found which have the capability to alter the spiral direction of the spiral streamlines. In the 3d space, the alveolar flow is symmetric about the geometric symmetry plane of the alveolus. Different types of 3d critical points, including saddle, spiral, and spiral saddle, are revealed. There are only one saddle point and at least one spiral point or spiral saddle in the alveolar flow. Spiral points and spiral saddles are located on the vortex core line and their number is dependent on the Reynolds number and varies with time. The study of critical points and their evolution helps us to understand the mechanism of irreversible transport of particle tracers from a new perspective.
Orientation, electronic decoupling and band dispersion of heptacene on modified and nanopatterned copper surfaces
Authors: Boné Thomas , Windischbacher Andreas , Scheucher Lukas , Presel Francesco , Schnabl Paul , Wagner Marie S , Bettinger Holger F , Peisert Heiko , Chassé Thomas , Puschnig Peter , Ramsey Michael G , Sterrer Martin , Koller Georg 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The adsorption of heptacene (7 A) on Cu(110) and Cu(110)-(2 × 1)-O was studied with scanning tunneling microscopy, photoemission orbital tomography and density functional calculations to reveal the influence of surface passivation on the molecular geometry and electronic states. We found that the charge transfer into the 7 A molecules on Cu(110) is completely suppressed for the oxygen-modified Cu surface. The molecules are aligned along the Cu-O rows and uncharged. They are tilted due to the geometry enforced by the substrate and the ability to maximize intermolecular π-π overlap, which leads to strong π-band dispersion. The HOMO-LUMO gap of these decoupled molecules is significantly larger than that reported on weakly interacting metal surfaces. Finally, the Cu-O stripe phase was used as a template for nanostructured molecular growth and to assess possible confinement effects.
Realization of black phosphorus-like PbSe monolayer on Au(111) via epitaxial growth
Authors: Wang Jing , Bagheri Tagani Meysam , Zhang Li , Xia Yu , Wu Qilong , Li Bo , Tian Yuan , Yin Long-Jing , Zhang Lijie , Qin Zhihui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lead selenide (PbSe) has been attracted a lot attention in fundamental research and industrial applications due to its excellent infrared optical and thermoelectric properties, toward reaching the two-dimensional limit. Herein, we realize the black phosphorus-like PbSe (α-phase PbSe) monolayer on Au(111) via epitaxial growth, where a characteristic rectangular superlattice of 5 Å × 9 Å corresponding to 1 × 2 reconstruction with respect to the pristine of α-phase PbSe is observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Corresponding density functional theory calculation confirmed the reconstruction and revealed the driven mechanism, the coupling between monolayer PbSe and Au(111) substrate. The metallic feature of differential conductance spectra as well as the transition of the density of states from semiconductor to metal further verified such coupling. As the unique anisotropic structure, our study provides a pathway towards the synthesis of BP-PbSe monolayer. In addition, it builds up an ideal platform for studying fundamental physics and also excellent prospects in PbSe-based device applications.
Thermal induced deflection in atomic force microscopy cantilevers: analysis & solution
Authors: Mordue Christopher W , Weaver Jonathan M R , Dobson Phillip S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers are commonly made from two material layers: a reflective coating and structural substrate. Although effective, this can result in thermally induced cantilever deflection due to ambient and local temperature changes. While this has been previously documented, key aspects of this common phenomenon have been overlooked. This work explores the impact of thermally induced cantilever deflection when in- and out-of-contact, including the topographic scan artefacts produced. Scanning thermal microscopy probes were employed to provide direct cantilever temperature measurement from Peltier and microheater sources, whilst permitting cantilever deflection to be simultaneously monitored. Optical lever-based measurements of thermal deflection in the AFM were found to vary by up to 250% depending on the reflected laser spot location on the cantilever. This highlights AFM’s inherent inability to correctly measure and account for thermal induced cantilever deflection in its feedback system. This is particularly problematic when scanning a tip in-contact with the surface, when probe behaviour is closer mechanically to that of a bridge than a cantilever regarding thermal bending. In this case, measurements of cantilever deflection and inferred surface topography contained significant artefacts and varied from negative to positive for different optical lever laser locations on the cantilevers. These topographic errors were measured to be up to 600 nm for a small temperature change of 2 K. However, all cantilevers measured showed a point of consistent, complete thermal deflection insensitivity 55% to 60% along their lengths. Positioning the reflected laser at this location, AFM scans exhibited improvements of up-to 97% in thermal topographic artefacts relative to other laser positions.
Void fraction measurement of gas–liquid two-phase flow based on compressed sensing theory and capacitively coupled electrical resistance tomography system
Authors: Gao Heming , Ku Shuaichao , Jian Xiaohu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Capacitively coupled electrical resistance tomography (CCERT) is an innovative technique for electrical resistance tomography based on capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). Despite its potential, there are only a few studies on image reconstruction algorithms for CCERT. To address this, a CCERT measurement system is developed, and the compressed sensing (CS) theory is applied to the inverse problem imaging of CCERT to improve the image reconstruction quality and speed. Firstly, a mathematical CCERT image reconstruction model is constructed under CS theory and three algorithms under CS theory are employed to solve the convex optimization problem of the reconstruction model. Then a thresholding operation is applied to obtain the post-processed image and compared it with the classical linear back projection and Landweber algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate that the Barzilai–Borwein gradient projection for sparse reconstruction (GPSR-BB) algorithm yields more satisfactory imaging results than the other four algorithms. Additionally, three sensitivity matrix optimization methods for GPSR-BB algorithm are compared and find that the new method of screening the rows of the sensitivity matrix to zero is more effective than the other two common optimization methods in terms of reconstructed image quality. Finally, the static experiments of void fraction measurement are conducted using the developed CCERT system. The results indicated that the absolute error of void fraction measurement by GPSR-BB algorithm was less than 6.59% in the range of void fraction from 0.90% to 66.29%.