bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Role of Exosome in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review Study
Authors: Sheykhhasan Mohsen , Heidari Fatemeh , Eslami Farsani Mohsen , Azimzadeh Maryam , Kalhor Naser , Ababzadeh Shima , Seyedebrahimi Reihaneh 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the crucial means of intercellular communication,
which takes many different forms. They are heterogeneous, secreted by a range of cell types,
and can be generally classified into microvesicles and exosomes depending on their location and function.
Exosomes are small EVs with diameters of about 30–150 nm and diverse cell sources.

Methods:
The MEDLINE/PubMed database was reviewed for papers written in English and publication
dates of recent years, using the search string "Exosome" and "Neurodegenerative diseases."

Results:
The exosomes have attracted interest as a significant biomarker for a better understanding of
disease development, gene silencing delivery, and alternatives to stem cell-based therapy because of their
low-invasive therapeutic approach, repeatable distribution in the central nervous system (CNS), and high
efficiency. Also, they are nanovesicles that carry various substances, which can have an impact on neural
plasticity and cognitive functioning in both healthy and pathological circumstances. Therefore, exosomes
are conceived as nanovesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. However, their composition
varies considerably depending on the cells from which they are produced.

Conclusion:
In the present review, we discuss several techniques for the isolation of exosomes from different
cell sources. Furthermore, reviewing research on exosomes' possible functions as carriers of bioactive
substances implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative illnesses, we further examine them. We
also analyze the preclinical and clinical research that shows exosomes to have therapeutic potential.
Interleukin-2 and Oncolytic Virotherapy: A New Perspective in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shiri Aghbash Parisa , Rasizadeh Reyhaneh , Yari Amir Hossein , Lahouti Shiva , MotieGhader Habib , Nahand Javid Sadri , Entezari-Maleki Taher , Baghi Hossein Bannazadeh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
By triggering immune responses in malignancies that have generally been linked to poor outcomes, immunotherapy
has recently shown effectiveness. On the other hand, tumors provide an environment for cells that influence
the body’s immunity against cancer. Malignant cells also express large amounts of soluble or membrane-bound ligands
and immunosuppressive receptors. In this regard, the combination of oncolytic viruses with pro-inflammatory or inflammatory
cytokines, including IL-2, can be a potential therapy for some malignancies. Indeed, oncolytic viruses
cause the death of cancerous cells and destroy the tumor microenvironment. They result in the local release of threat
signals and antigens associated with tumors. As a result, it causes lymphocyte activity and the accumulation of antigenpresenting
cells which causes them to accumulate in the tumor environment and release cytokines and chemokines. In
this study, we reviewed the functions of IL-2 as a crucial type of inflammatory cytokine in triggering immune responses,
as well as the effect of its release and increased expression following combination therapy with oncolytic viruses in
the process of malignant progression, as an essential therapeutic approach that should be taken into consideration going
forward.
Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity of Quinazolin-4-One/Chalcone
Hybrids via the EGFR Inhibition Pathway
Authors: Hisham Mohamed , Hassan Heba A. , Gomaa Hesham A. M. , Youssif Bahaa G.M. , Hayalah Alaa M. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Quinazolinone scaffolds have drawn international attention due to their potent anticancer
activity and therapeutic applications. Furthermore, Chalcone and Oxime are special chemical templates with a wide
range of biological activities, including anti-cancer activity. As a result, the purpose of this research is to synthesize
and develop a new series of 2-thioxo-3-substituted quinazolin-4-one/chalcone analogues and 2-thioxo-3-substituted
quinazolin-4-one/oximes analogues in order to obtain a new cytotoxic agent that can target epidermal growth factor
(EGFR) and/or V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAFV600E) oncogene.

Objective:
All synthesised compounds were tested for anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines. The new
hybrids' potential anti-cancer mechanism was evaluated using EGFR and BRAF enzymatic tests. The most active molecules
within the target enzyme's active site were studied using molecular docking. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis
were also investigated.

Method:
The target compounds 7a-j (series I) are obtained in high yields by alkylation of 2-mercapto-3-ethyl-(3H)-
quinazolin-4-one 3a with acylated chalcones 6a-j. Alkylation of compounds 3b-c with N-(4-acetylphenyl)-2-
bromoacetamide 8, the corresponding ketones intermediates 9b-c was produced in high yields. Compounds 7a-j, 9b-c,
and 10b-c were tested for their antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines using the MTT assay and
doxorubicin as a control drug. The EGFR and BRAF assay tests were used to assess the inhibitory potency against
EGFR and BRAF.

Result:
Compounds 7c, 7d, 7f and 10c exhibited high proliferative activity and inhibited EGFR, which could serve as
a potential target for antiproliferative activity. The most active hybrid, 7c, primarily caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1
phase and S phase as well as cell apoptosis. Finally, the most active hybrids were docked well to the EGFR active site.

Conclusion:
2-thioxo-3-substituted quinazolin-4-one/chalcone derivatives have significant apoptotic and antiproliferative
properties.
Unraveling the Role of Neuroligin3 in Autism Spectrum Disorders:
Pathophysiological Insights and Targeted Therapies
Authors: Yacoubi Fatima Azzahrae EL , Oukabli Mohamed , Ibrahimi Azeddine , Kisra Hassan , Bensaid Mounia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social
and communication skills, repetitive behaviors, and/or restricted interests with a prevalence of as
high as 1% of children. Autism spectrum has strongly associated with genetic factors and exhibits
wide clinical and heterogeneous genetic architecture. Most genes associated with Autism are involved
in neuronal and synaptic development. The neuroligin3, the sex-linked gene on the X chromosome,
was the first gene to be associated with a monogenic form of Autism. Neuroligin3 is a postsynaptic
cell adhesion protein involved in synapse transmission, brain formation, and neuronal development. In
this review, we provide recent findings on different mutations in the Neuroligin3 gene linked to Autism
spectrum disorder and their molecular pathway effect. We also give the behavioral, and synaptic
alterations reported in the Neuroligin3 animal model of Autism and the potential therapeutic strategies
targeting the biological processes and the main symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. In addition, we
discuss the use of novel technologies like induced pluripotent stem cells from Autistic patients that
have the potential to differentiate in human neurons and therefore have a variety of applications in
therapy and biomedical studies to search specific biomarkers, and develop systems for screening
chemical molecules in human cells to discover target therapies.
Hypothetical Interventions to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury After
Humpnosed Pit Viper Bite
Authors: Sellahewa Kolitha Harischandra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Even though the Hump-nosed pit viper bite is the commonest venomous snake bite in Sri Lanka, antivenoms with specific activity against it are not available. Acute kidney injury (A.K.I.) is an important systemic complication accounting for mortality. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and fresh frozen plasma (F.F.P.) are two interventional options hypothesized to prevent A.K.I. This is by TPE at-tenuating venom antigenemia and F.F.P. by inhibiting nephrotoxic renal injury by immunomodulation, and the additional benefit of replenishment of depleted clotting factors triggered by venom-induced con-sumption coagulopathy implicated in the multifactorial mechanisms of renal injury. Routine interventions on all envenomed patients are not justifiable owing to the rarity and sporadic occurrence of systemic complications, and only patients with coagulopathy should be selected for interventions. The benefit of preventing A.K.I. is most likely with early intervention at the inception of coagulopathy.
IMPACT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TO THE STUDENTS SELF-REGULATED LEARNING IN SMA NEGERI 1 BANTUL
Authors: Utami Asta Puji 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of project-based learning models on Human Reproductive Systems material on the learning independence of students at SMAN 1 Bantul. This research is a quasi-experimental quantitative research using the nonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling. Learning independence data was obtained using a questionnaire based on six aspects, namely independence of others, having self-confidence, behaving in discipline, having a sense of responsibility, behaving based on one's own initiative, and exercising self-control. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferential. Descriptive analysis was performed to show the mean value, standard deviation, and percentage. Inferential analysis using the T-test of independent data, to show the difference in the value of independent learning between the experimental and control classes. This inferential analysis is carried out after it is known that the prerequisites of the parametric inferential statistical test are met. The results showed that the average value of students' learning independence in the experimental class was 74.3611. While the control class is 72.2667, so it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence on the project-based learning model with student learning independence, which is indicated by the value of tcount ttable, namely 2.815 1.666.Keywords: Project-Based Learning Model, Student Independence, Human Reproductive System
Comparing the Acceptability and Quality of Intervention Modalities for Suicidality in the Emergency Department: Randomized Feasibility Trial
Authors: Larkin Celine , Tulu Bengisu , Djamasbi Soussan , Garner Roscoe , Varzgani Fatima , Siddique Mariam , Pietro John , Boudreaux Edwin D 
Published: July 2023

Background
Emergency departments (EDs) manage many patients with suicide risk, but effective interventions for suicidality are challenging to implement in this setting. ReachCare is a technology-facilitated version of an evidence-based intervention for suicidal ED patients. Here, we present findings on the acceptability and quality of ReachCare in the ED, as well as a comparison of these measures across 3 potential delivery modalities

Objective
Our aim was to test the feasibility of the ReachCare intervention in its entirety through conducting a pilot study with patients presenting with suicidality to the ED. We tested three different ways of receiving the ED-based components of ReachCare: (1) self-administered on the tablet app using a chatbot interface, (2) administered by an in-person clinician, or (3) administered by a telehealth clinician.

Methods
In total, 47 ED patients who screened positive for suicide risk were randomly allocated to receive one of three delivery modalities of ReachCare in the ED: (1) self-administered on the patient-facing tablet app with a chatbot interface, (2) delivered by an in-person clinician, or (3) delivered by a telehealth clinician, with the latter two using a clinician-facing web app. We measured demographic and clinical characteristics, acceptability and appropriateness of the intervention, and quality and completeness of the resulting safety plans.

Results
Patients assigned high ratings for the acceptability (median 4.00/5, IQR 4.00-4.50) and appropriateness (median 4.00/5, IQR 4.00-4.25) of ReachCare’s ED components, and there were no substantial differences across the 3 delivery modalities [H(acceptability)=3.90, P=.14; H(appropriateness)=1.05, P=.59]. The self-administered modality took significantly less time than the 2 clinician modalities (H=27.91, P<.001), and the usability of the self-administered version was in the “very high” range (median 93.75/100, IQR 80.00-97.50). The safety plans created across all 3 modalities were high-quality (H=0.60, P=.74).

Conclusions
Patients rated ReachCare in the ED as highly acceptable and appropriate regardless of modality. Self-administration may be a feasible way to ensure patients with suicide risk receive an intervention in resource constrained EDs. Limitations include small sample size and demographic differences between those enrolled versus not enrolled. Further research will examine the clinical outcomes of patients receiving both the in-ED and post-ED components of ReachCare.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04720911; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04720911
Penguatan Keterampilan Abad 21 Melalui Perancangan Alat Peraga Pembelajaran Fisika Berorientasi Merancang Kegiatan Laboratorium-Keterampilan Generik Sains (MKL-KGS)
Authors: Khoiri Nur , Kurniawan Affandi Faisal , Ristanto Sigit 
Published: July 2023

Telah dilakukan program kemitraan masyarakat dengan judul “PKM Penguatan Keterampilan Abad 21 Melalui Perancangan Alat Peraga Pembelajaran Fisika Berorientasi Merancang Kegiatan Laboratorium-Keterampilan Generik Sains (MKL-KGS)”. Mitra pengabdian ini adalah guru-guru fisika yang tergabung dalam MGMP fisika kabupaten Demak. Metode pelaksanaan berupa penyuluhan. Kegiatan-kegiatan dalam PKM ini terdiri dari empat kegiatan penyuluhan yaitu, 1) penyuluhan mengenai tata kelola laboratorium yang standar, 2) penyuluhan mengenai keterampilan generik sains/KGS, 3) penyuluhan tentang kemampuan-kemampuan yang diperlukan untuk merancang kegiatan laboratorium (perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pelaporan), dan (4) penjelasan tentang analisis dan identifikasi kurikulum fisika SLTA. Evaluasi keberhasilan penyuluhan dilakukan menggunakan instrumen angket berupa google form. Pada pertanyaan pertama tentang “Konten materi yang disampaikan menarik” diperoleh hasil 56% peserta “sangat setuju” sisanya 44% peserta mengisi ‘setuju”. Pada pertanyaan kedua tentang “Materi yang disampaikan bermanfaat bagi saya” diperoleh hasil 75% “sangat setuju” sisanya 25% mengisi “setuju”. Pada pertanyaan ketiga tentang “Materi yang disampaikan memperluas/ memperkuat pengetahuan saya” diperoleh 69% “sangat setuju” sisanya 31% mengisi “setuju”. Pada pertanyaan keempat tentang “Materi yang disampaikan dapat memantik kreatifitas saya dalam merancang alat peraga atau praktikum” diperoleh hasil 56% peserta “sangat setuju” sisanya 44% peserta mengisi ‘setuju”.
Checklist of Endolimax species recognized in human and animals, a review on a neglected intestinal parasitic amoeba
Authors: Hooshyar Hossein , Arbabi Mohsen , Rostamkhani Parvin 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Endolimax is a protozoan genus belongs to Amoebida order. The member of this genus occurrence in a vast range of vertebrate and invertebrate, but the species of this genus are not well studied. This review aimed to provide an updated list and some summarized information on Endolimax species, which were identified in human and animals up to the 2023.
Methods: The present study was carried out to evaluate the Endolimax species with a broad review of the literature, books and electronic databases such as ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar until 2023. The hosts, pathogenicity, synonyms and distribution of valid species were considered and recorded.
Results: Totally 20 defined species of Endolimax were found. Among them, only 12 species of Endolimax have been accepted as valid species. The valid species arranged by the host, including 1 species in human, 2 species in rodents, 1 species in birds, 2 species in reptiles, 1 species in amphibian, 4 species in arthropod and 1 species in fishes.
Conclusion: Intensive studies are needed in order to identification of other new and valid species in different animals and their characteristics.
The Level of Tumor Necrosis Factor –alpha in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kshash Atban Ammar , Kadhim Abdullah Jawad 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: This study was used to measure the level of tumor necrosis factor- alpha in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Method: A case control study was used; the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was measured in 39 patients with acute coronary syndrome (30male, 9female) & 20(12male, 8female) control group; risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus), duration of staying in cardiac care unit & complications (recurrent angina pain, hemodynamic, electrical) are also recorded.
Result: we were found significant increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor -alpha in all patients with acute coronary syndrome as compared with control group (P value< 0.01) the highest level of tumor necrosis factor -alpha are associated with myocardial infarction rather than unstable angina patients &also high rate of complications.
Conclusion: According to this study tumor necrosis factor-alpha was significantly increased in acute coronary syndrome &could be used for determining severity of the diseases in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Ficção seriada "Insecure"
Authors: Santos Alves Gabriela 
Published: July 2023

A proposta deste artigo é refletir sobre o protagonismo da mulher negra presente na narrativa seriada americana de ficção Insecure (lançada em 2016), na temporada 1 e 2. O foco da reflexão, se constituirá na análise da inserção de trilha musical, composta majoritariamente por rappers, compositoras e cantoras negras. O estudo foi realizado através de análises das protagonistas Issa Dee (Issa Rae) e Molly Carter (Yvonne Orji) e suas principais ações dramáticas nos episódios, em diálogo com música e trilha musical (que são utilizadas para narrar o episódio, expressar sentimentos, pensamentos). O quadro teórico base desta pesquisa é a vertente do feminismo negro nas correntes contemporâneas norte-americana e brasileira e a metodologia utilizada consiste em análise fílmica-sonora.
دور القدرة على حفظ القرآن في الإنجازات الأكاديمية
Authors: Mabrur Muhammad Safwan 
Published: July 2023

مما لا شك فيه أن التحصيل العلمي للطفل من الأمور التي يهتم بها الوالدان بشدة ويهتمان بها ، ولا عجب في هذا الصدد ، لأن الروح محبة للخير وتسعى لمزيد من المعرفة وتوفر أسبابًا للتراكم. ثروة. متقاعد ، واتفق معظم الناس على أن الحصول على الشهادة المدرسية هو أحد الطرق لتحقيق هذا الهدف ، لذلك يحجم البعض عن إرسال أطفالهم إلى المدرسة لحفظ القرآن أو حفظ القرآن في الليل. القران نعتذر لان الانشغال بحفظ ومراجعة القرآن الكريم يضحى بالتحصيل الدراسي او على حساب مواد اخرى.
سيكون لذلك أثر سلبي على العملية التعليمية ومتابعة التحصيل
ولذا كان من المناسب طرح هذا الموضوع على بساط البحث والدراسة ومن ثم الخروج بنتيجة واضحة يتبين من خلالها الأثر الذي يتركه الانشغال بحفظ القرآن الكريم ومراجعته في التحصيل الدراسي سلباً أو إيجاباً.
Joint optimization of inductor design parameters and control algorithms of heating process of surface hardening
Authors: Pavlushin Aleksey Vladimirovich 
Published: July 2023

The paper considers an approach for solving the joint optimization problem of design solutions and modes
of inductor functioning in the process of heating steel parts of L-shaped form for surface hardening. The first stage solves the problem of optimizing the design of the coils of the inductor and the parameters of the power supply control algorithm, ensuring the maximum uniform heating of the quenched layer to a given temperature above the Curie point in
a fixed time. In the second step, a phase limitation is considered, which is a technological requirement to ensure, throughout the heating stage, a temperature not exceeding the limit value. In case of violation of the specified limit, the problem of finding the control algorithm on a special interval within which the maximum temperature in the hardened layer exceeded the maximum permissible value is solved. In the third step, the problem of joint optimization is solved with the found control algorithm at a specific interval of motion on the phase restriction. The described steps can be repeated if necessary. There is presented a test example of the application of the developed strategy for the considered class of technology induction heating for the surface hardening of metal blanks with an angle zone. For the numerical solution in the MATLAB application package developed a software complex, in which integrated two-dimensional nonlinear problem-oriented model of the induction heating process, developed in ANSYS Mechanical APDL. The algorithm for solving the joint optimization problem is based on an alternate method of parametric optimization of systems with distributed parameters. Developed strategy tested on a verified model of interconnected electromagnetic and temperature fields, it is possible to obtain a uniform temperature distribution along the boundary of the hardened layer of steel semi-finished products of complex geometric shape without local overheating throughout the heating stage.
Evaluation of diagnostic parameters of complex systems in water transport in terms of the entropy approach
Authors: Chertkov Alexandr Aleksandrovich , Ivanyuk Vladimir  Yurievich , Kask Yaroslav Nikolayevich 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the work is to develop and improve the methods of computer modeling and digitalization of the choice of diagnostic parameters of complex technical systems to the maximum informativeness. The entropy method
of estimating the technical state of systems is based on the existence of a functional dependence of random variables characterizing the behavior of elements, which is always between two critical states: absolute integrity and complete additivity. The complexity of the interaction of elements in stochastic systems determines the need to search for effective algorithms based on fundamental entropy models and methods for finding the best solutions for monitoring and control. Models and algorithms for estimating the parameters of the technical condition and operational indicators of systems in the process of monitoring are improved on the MATLAB digital platform and its applications. It is noted that for systems of high complexity, a method of control is proposed, based on the entropic assessment of information as the most universal and applicable in technical, biological, economic, social and other systems that are difficult to analyze and formalize. It is shown that the entropic method of selecting the most informative control nodes in the design of diagnostic systems for technical means and technological processes at water transport facilities can significantly increase reliability and ensure the trouble-free operation of controlled facilities. The entropy method of estimating information content, based on the difference in entropies of the initial and subsequent states of the system, is used to solve specific problems given in the examples. An algorithm for ranking diagnostic parameters based on the method of pair comparisons is proposed, on the basis of which the minimax problem is solved: the maximum information content of the selected diagnosable nodes of the system is ensured with a minimum set of controlled parameters.