bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective ensemble methods for deep learning segmentation of major vessels in invasive coronary angiography
Authors: Park Jeeone , Kweon Jihoon , Kim Young In , Back Inwook , Chae Jihye , Roh Jae‐Hyung , Kang Do‐Yoon , Lee Pil Hyung , Ahn Jung‐Min , Kang Soo‐Jin , Park Duk‐Woo , Lee Seung‐Whan , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung , Kim Young‐Hak 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundInvasive coronary angiography (ICA) is a primary imaging modality that visualizes the lumen area of coronary arteries for diagnosis and interventional guidance. In the current practice of quantitative coronary analysis (QCA), semi‐automatic segmentation tools require labor‐intensive and time‐consuming manual correction, limiting their application in the catheterization room.PurposeThis study aims to propose rank‐based selective ensemble methods that improve the segmentation performance and reduce morphological errors that limit fully automated quantification of coronary artery using deep‐learning segmentation of ICA.MethodsTwo selective ensemble methods proposed in this work integrated the weighted ensemble approach with per‐image quality estimation. The segmentation outcomes from five base models with different loss functions were ranked either by mask morphology or estimated dice similarity coefficient (DSC). The final output was determined by imposing different weights according to the ranks. The ranking criteria based on mask morphology were formulated from empirical insight to avoid frequent types of segmentation errors (MSEN), while the estimation of DSCs was performed by comparing the pseudo‐ground truth generated from a meta‐learner (ESEN). Five‐fold cross‐validation was performed with the internal dataset of 7426 coronary angiograms from 2924 patients, and prediction model was externally validated with 556 images of 226 patients.ResultsThe selective ensemble methods improved the segmentation performance with DSCs up to 93.07% and provided a better delineation of coronary lesion with local DSCs of up to 93.93%, outperforming all individual models. Proposed methods also minimized the chances of mask disconnection in the most narrowed regions to 2.10%. The robustness of the proposed methods was also evident in the external validation. Inference time for major vessel segmentation was approximately one‐sixth of a second.ConclusionProposed methods successfully reduced morphological errors in the predicted masks and were able to enhance the robustness of the automatic segmentation. The results suggest better applicability of real‐time QCA‐based diagnostic methods in routine clinical settings.
Experimental probe into the femtosecond laser ablation thresholds in carbon fiber reinforced polymer and assessment of the measurement theories
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Ji Pengfei , Lin Gen , Li Xin , Zhang Xueqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFocusing on the femtosecond laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), the ablation threshold is of great concern to fulfill the manufacturing of specified functional surfaces and devices. The ablation thresholds and incubation coefficients of resin matrix and carbon fiber in CFRP subject to femtosecond laser irradiation are investigated from the measurement theories of ablation area diameter and ablation rate. The ablation thresholds of resin matrix and carbon fiber at different laser line scanning speeds are quantitatively determined by the ablation area diameter. Moreover, the impacts of laser scanning speeds, laser scanning directions, and polarization types on the ablation thresholds and incubation effect of resin matrix and carbon fiber in CFRP are revealed in depth, which indicates the ablation thresholds depend on the condition of femtosecond laser processing. In other words, choosing the appropriate combination of laser scanning and polarization would achieve the goal of efficient removal of resin matrix and carbon fiber in CFRP. After assessment of the measurement theories, it is found the one from ablation area diameter is more accurate than that from ablation rate, which is because of the difficulty in correctly measuring the ablation depth with ripples formed on the laser ablated surface.
Theoptical‐thermalmodeling of carbon black filled glass fiber reinforced poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone in laser assisted tape winding
Authors: Li Yanrui , Li Yong , Huan Dajun , Li Lisha , Liu Hongquan , Wang Wuqiang , Wang Junsheng , Zhu Chunling , Zhao Ning 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo facilitate the application of carbon black filled glass fiber reinforced poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (CB‐GF/PEEK) prepreg in laser assisted tape winding (LATW), a finite element method is used to analyze the optical‐thermal characteristics of the following three prepregs with distinct laser absorption properties: (i) 0.5%CB (incomplete absorption), (ii) 2.74%CB (complete, single‐layer absorption), (iii) 4%CB (complete, near‐surface absorption). Thus, the energy distribution, temperature distribution and thermal accumulation are revealed, and the heating strategy is customized according to the laser absorption characteristics of each prerpeg. Then the feasibility of CB filled GF/PEEK prepreg in LATW is verified by manufacturing and testing NOL rings. Finally, the nip‐point irradiation scheme is optimized. The simulation results reveal a significant difference between the optical‐thermal characteristics of the 0.5%CB and those of the other two prerpegs. Benefited from the energy leakage, the 0.5%CB facilitated twice melting by thermal accumulation, along with a higher nip‐point temperature. Meanwhile, the mechanical performance tests of the NOL rings indicate a similar tensile strength of ~1300 MPa for the 0.5%CB and 4%CB, while the interlaminar strength of the 0.5%CB is slightly higher than that of the 4%CB. The latter result may be due to the higher nip‐point temperature of the 0.5%CB, which promotes resin diffusion and enhances the bonding strength. Finally, an optimized heating strategy with short laser length, vertical irradiation of the nip‐point is proposed, and is shown to reduce the ineffective thermal accumulation and ensured the suitability of Tape and Laminate temperature.
Evaluation of the physical, mechanical, water absorption, and tribological behavior of pineapple leaf fiber/roselle fiber reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites for non‐structural applications
Authors: Ramakrishnan Muthuraja , Ramasubramanian Sarala , Raman SakthiSadhasivam , Chinnapalanichamy Jayaseelan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNatural fiber‐based polymer composites have greater advantages due to their superior mechanical properties and environmentally friendly nature. In the present study, pineapple leaf (PALF) and roselle fiber (RSF) reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites were fabricated by the hot compression molding method, and their physical properties, mechanical properties, water absorption rate, and tribological behavior were investigated and analyzed. This research investigation has been conducted to reveal a significant hybrid of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites for commercial engineering applications. Mechanical properties were examined for their tensile, flexural, compression, hardness, and impact properties. Moreover, the fractured surfaces of the tensile specimen were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Water absorption behaviors were then accomplished by immersing the composite samples in standard distilled water and analyzing the water penetration percentage. The tribological behavior was simply studied by using a pin‐on‐disc tribometer apparatus to evaluate the specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. From the results, it was concluded that the hybrid composites provided higher results in all kinds of formats when compared with single‐fiber composites. Among the hybrid composites, the 24PALF/16RSF/60VE sample was particularly promising for its improvement in mechanical properties of 103.9% tensile strength, 109.7% flexural, 26.2% compression, 56.9% impact, and 113.5% hardness compared to the neat resin sample. Thus, the results illustrate that the hybridization of PALF and RSF fibers with a vinyl ester matrix generates enhanced mechanical behaviors, which indeed make it desirable for use in non‐structural electrical and electronics insulation board and component applications.
Serological screening for cytomegalovirus during pregnancy: A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements
Authors: Xie Maria , Tripathi Tanya , Holmes Natasha E. , Hui Lisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide. cCMV can lead to severe long‐term sequelae, including neurological impairment and developmental delay. We performed a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines containing recommendations concerning serological screening for CMV during pregnancy.MethodWe performed a search of MEDLINE, Turning Research into Practice (TRIP) database and the grey literature for clinical practice guidelines or consensus statements published in the English language from Jan 2010 to June 2022. The quality of the included guidelines was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Textual synthesis was used to summarise and compare the recommendations on CMV serological screening in pregnancy.ResultsEleven guidelines and two consensus statements were included. None recommended universal serological screening for CMV in pregnant women; five recommended screening for high‐risk women (those with frequent contact with young children). The overall quality of the guidelines varied; most were medium or low.ConclusionsAlthough clinical practice guidelines do not actively recommend routine serological screening in pregnancy, most did not meet standard processes for development and predated the emerging data on valaciclovir as a potential intervention. Existing recommendations are underpinned by limited, low‐level evidence, exposing the lack of robust data in this area of practice. Further high‐level evidence and methodologically robust guidelines are needed to guide clinical practice in this rapidly changing field.
Chemically and biochemically responsive liquid crystal polymer networks and elastomers
Authors: Velasco Abadia Albert , Schwartz Daniel K , Kaar Joel L 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChemically responsive liquid crystal (LC) based polymers can change their mechanical or optical properties when exposed to chemical triggers. The anisotropy inherent in LC materials allows the programming and control of predictable changes in shape, stiffness, and/or color. By further incorporating ionizable moieties into the polymer formulation, these materials may exhibit a response to chemical stimuli such as pH, solvents, or specific analytes. This mini‐review highlights seminal papers and recent advances in the use of chemoresponsive LC polymers for sensing and actuation. We also discuss how these materials can respond to biochemical stimuli through the immobilization of enzymes into the network, and provide examples of different types of responses (e.g., shape reconfigurations and color transitions). Multiple ways of modulating the response, such as chemical gating and enzyme patterning, are also reviewed. Finally, we illuminate some of the challenges and opportunities in the use of these materials for state‐of‐the‐art applications, including shape‐controllable medical implants and real‐time field‐deployable sensors. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Plasma‐based conversions with in situ product removal
Authors: Rouwenhorst Kevin H. R. , Lefferts Leon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis short review focuses on in situ product removal as a method to improve the energy efficiency and product yield of plasma‐based conversions. After recapping the advantages of in situ separations in thermal‐catalytic processes, different strategies for in situ product removal for plasma‐based conversions are discussed. Advantages and challenges are discussed regarding four strategies, that is, absorption and adsorption using solids, use of sacrificial reactants, separation with ceramic dense membranes, and product removal in the liquid phase.
Three‐dimensional phenotyping of peach tree‐crown architecture utilizing terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Knapp‐Wilson Jordan , Bohn Reckziegel Rafael , Thapa Magar Srijana , Bucksch Alexander , Chavez Dario J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTree training systems for temperate fruit have been developed throughout history by pomologists to improve light interception, fruit yield, and fruit quality. These training systems direct crown and branch growth to specific configurations. Quantifying crown architecture could aid the selection of trees that require less pruning or that naturally excel in specific growing/training system conditions. Regarding peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], access tools such as branching indices have been developed to characterize tree‐crown architecture. However, the required branching data (BD) to develop these indices are difficult to collect. Traditionally, BD have been collected manually, but this process is tedious, time‐consuming, and prone to human error. These barriers can be circumnavigated by utilizing terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to obtain a digital twin of the real tree. TLS generates three‐dimensional (3D) point clouds of the tree crown, wherein every point contains 3D coordinates (x, y, z). To facilitate the use of these tools for peach, we selected 16 young peach trees scanned in 2021 and 2022. These 16 trees were then modeled and quantified using the open‐source software TreeQSM. As a result, “in silico” branching and biometric data for the young peach trees were calculated to demonstrate the capabilities of TLS phenotyping of peach tree‐crown architecture. The comparison and analysis of field measurements (in situ) and in silico BD, biometric data, and quantitative structural model branch uncertainty data were utilized to determine the reconstructive model's reliability as a source substitute for field measurements. Mean average deviation when comparing young tree (YT) height was approx. 5.93%, with crown volume was approx. 13.26% across both 2021 and 2022. All point clouds of the YTs in 2022 showed residuals lower than 12 mm to cylinders fitted to all branches, and mean surface coverage greater than 40% for both the trunk and primary branching orders.
On the Role of Torsion and Higher Forms in Off‐Shell Supergravity
Authors: Ravera Lucrezia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe presence of a nonvanishing totally antisymmetric (super)torsion, equivalent to an axial vector, and higher forms in the “new minimal” and “old minimal” off‐shell formulations of , supergravity is elaborated. The geometric superspace approach and study both the geometric Lagrangian and the off‐shell closure of the Bianchi identities in this framework, showing how the aforementioned axial vector torsion contributes to both the new and the old minimal set of auxiliary fields is adopted. In particular, to reproduce (a variant of) the old minimal set within the geometric setup, two real auxiliary 3‐form potentials.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Ultrasmall Chitosan/Graphene Quantum Dots Particles for Intranasal Delivery in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment
Authors: Mohebichamkhorami Fariba , Faizi Mehrdad , Mahmoudifard Matin , Hajikarim‐Hamedani Arman , Mohseni Seyedeh Sarvenaz , Heidari Amirhossein , Ghane Yekta , Khoramjouy Mona , Khayati Maryam , Ghasemi Rasoul , Zali Hakimeh , Hosseinzadeh Simzar , Mostafavi Ebrahim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) based therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) attract interest due to their ability to pass across or bypass the blood‐brain barrier. Chitosan (CS) NPs or graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are promising drug carriers with excellent physicochemical and electrical properties. The current study proposes the combination of CS and GQDs in ultrasmall NP form not as drug carriers but as theranostic agents for AD. The microfluidic‐based synthesis of the CS/GQD NPs with optimized characteristics makes them ideal for transcellular transfer and brain targeting after intranasal (IN) delivery. The NPs have the ability to enter the cytoplasm of C6 glioma cells in vitro and show dose and time‐dependent effects on the viability of the cells. IN administration of the NPs to streptozotocin (STZ) induced AD‐like models lead to a significant number of entrances of the treated rats to the target arm in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) test. It shows the positive effect of the NPs on the memory recovery of the treated rats. The NPs are detectable in the brain via in vivo bioimaging due to GQDs as diagnostic markers. The noncytotoxic NPs localize in the myelinated axons of hippocampal neurons. They do not affect the clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques at intercellular space. Moreover, they showed no positive impact on the enhancement of MAP2 and NeuN expression as markers of neural regeneration. The memory improvement in treated AD rats may be due to neuroprotection via the anti‐inflammation effect and regulation of the brain tissue microenvironment that needs to be studied.
Modulating Electronic Structure of PtCo‐Ptrich Nanowires with Ru atoms for Boosted Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Cao Xianjun , Gao Li , Qu Junpeng , Li Lu , Xie Yuhan , Zhao Yufei , Wang Guoxiu , Liu Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRational design and development of highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is of great significance for the development of green water electrolysis hydrogen production technology. Ru‐engineered 1D PtCo‐Ptrich nanowires (Ru‐PtrichCo NWs) are fabricated by a facile electrodeposition method. The rich Pt surface on 1D Pt3Co contributes to the fully exposed active sites and enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity (co‐engineered by Ru and Co atoms) for HER. The incorporation of Ru atoms can not only accelerate the water dissociation in alkaline condition to provide sufficient H* but also modulate the electronic structure of Pt to achieve optimized H* adsorption energy. As a result, Ru‐PtrichCo NWs have exhibited ultralow HER overpotentials (η) of 8 and 112 mV to achieve current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, respectively, which far exceed those of commercial Pt/C catalyst (η10 = 29 mV, η100 = 206 mV). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrate that the incorporated Ru atoms possess strong water adsorption capacity (−0.52 vs −0.12 eV for Pt), facilitating water dissociation. The Pt atoms in the outermost Pt‐rich skin of Ru‐PtrichCo NWs achieve optimized H* adsorption free energy (ΔGH*) of −0.08 eV, boosting hydrogen generation.
Cyclic flexural performance of precast lightweight aggregate concrete insulation panels
Authors: Sim Ji‐Hye , Mun Ju‐Hyun , Kim Sanghee , Kim Jong‐Won , Yang Keun‐Hyeok , Park Jun‐Ryeol , Lee Sung‐Jin , Jung Yeon‐Back 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the structural safety of the developed panel‐to‐base joint technique for full‐size precast lightweight aggregate concrete (PLC) insulation panels subjected to cyclic lateral loads. The main parameters were the compressive strength of insulating concrete and the safety factor of the joint reinforcing bar for connecting with the base or beam. The test results revealed that the PLC insulation panel specimens with a safety factor of 1.0 experienced severe pinching effect and low ductile performance. However, the PLC insulation panel specimens with a safety factor of 1.6 exhibited higher flexural moment capacity, displacement ductility ratio, and work damage index than those with a safety factor of 1.0. Consequently, the overall flexural behavior of the PLC insulation panel specimens with a safety factor of 1.6 can be developed stably, resulting in satisfactory seismic connection performance requirements specified in NEHRP. Meanwhile, the developed panel‐to‐base joint using the joint reinforcing bar and L‐shaped steel plates can be considered as a fixed end according to the analysis of the collapse mechanism, as with spliced sleeve or welding plate joints.
A Review on 1‐D Nanomaterials: Scaling‐Up with Gas‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: Chrystie Robin S. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanowire‐like materials exhibit distinctive properties comprising optical polarisation, waveguiding, and hydrophobic channelling, amongst many other useful phenomena. Such 1‐D derived anisotropy can be further enhanced by arranging many similar nanowires into a coherent matrix, known as an array superstructure. Manufacture of nanowire arrays can be scaled‐up considerably through judicious use of gas‐phase methods. Historically, the gas‐phase approach however has been extensively used for the bulk and rapid synthesis of isotropic 0‐D nanomaterials such as carbon black and silica. The primary goal of this review is to document recent developments, applications, and capabilities in gas‐phase synthesis methods of nanowire arrays. Secondly, we elucidate the design and use of the gas‐phase synthesis approach; and finally, remaining challenges and needs are addressed to advance this field.
Visible Light Induced Three‐Component 1,2‐Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Mohar Mrittika , Ghosh Sumit , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHarnessing visible‐light in organic synthesis is one of the most effective methods that aligns with green and sustainable chemistry principles and hence skyrocketed in the last two decades. Similarly, three‐component 1,2‐dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes has recently been a great choice to construct complex molecular systems in an easy and rapid manner. Therefore, light‐induced reactions can be an excellent alternative to carry out 1,2‐dicarbofunctionalization reactions, and very recently, organic chemists across the globe have fascinated us with their interesting articles. In this present review, we have summarized the recent advancements in the area of visible light induced three‐component 1,2‐dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes till March 2023. We have categorized the discussion based on the catalysts used to carry out the transformations for better understanding and different important aspects of these transformations have also been covered.
Tumor‐derived exosome ElNF1‐AS1 affects the progression of gastric cancer by promoting M2 polarization of macrophages
Authors: Ma Bo , Wang Jun , Yusufu Paheredini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study attempted to investigate the role of exosome ELFN1‐AS1 in gastric cancer (GC).MethodsThe study used various techniques to determine the level of exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 in GC tissue and cells, including quantitative real‐time PCR. Pull‐down assay and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were employed to identify interactions between ELFN1‐AS1 and miR‐4644, as well as miR‐4644 and PKM. Western blot was employed to explore the potential regulatory mechanism. Several in vitro assays were conducted in xenograft models to investigate the impacts of exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 on GC development, metastasis and macrophage polarization.ResultsELFN1‐AS1 was upregulated in GC tissue and cells, with high enrichment in GC‐derived exosomes. Exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 enhances the cell abilities and stemness of GC. ELFN1‐AS1 targeted and regulated miR‐4644, which triggered PKM expression. Exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 modulated glycolysis via PKM in an HIF‐1α dependent manner in GC, promoting M2 polarization and macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 enhanced GC cell growth, metastasis and M2 polarization in vivo.ConclusionsThe study suggests that ELFN1‐AS1 could be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.