bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Pathways to Scale: Study Protocol for a Three-arm Randomized Controlled Trial of a Centralized and a Decentralized (“Train the Trainers”) Dissemination of a Mental Health Program for Kenyan Adolescents
Authors: Ochuku Brenda , Osborn Tom L. , Nerima Daisy , Markt Afra van der , Rusch Thomas , Omune Herman , Akello Solace , Ndetei David M , Venturo-Conerly Katherine E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Providing mental health care in Kenya to all youth in need is difficult because of a shortage of professional providers and societal stigma. Previous trials of the Anansi model, which involves delivering low-touch mental health interventions through a tiered caregiving model (including lay-providers, supervisors, and clinical experts), have shown its effectiveness for reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in school-going Kenyan adolescents. In this trial, we aim to assess two different scale-up strategies by comparing centralized implementation (i.e., by the organization that designed the Anansi model) against implementation through an implementing partner.
Methods
In this three-arm trial, 1600 adolescents aged 13 to 20 years will be randomized to receive the Shamiri intervention from either the Shamiri Institute or an implementation partner, or to be placed in the treatment as usual (TAU) control group. The implementation partner will be trained and supplied with protocols to ensure that the same procedures are followed by both implementors. Implementation activities will run concurrently for both implementors. The Shamiri intervention will be delivered by trained lay providers to groups of 10–15 adolescents over four weekly sessions which will take place in secondary schools in Machakos and Makueni counties in Kenya. The TAU group will receive the usual care offered by their respective schools. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, midpoint (two weeks), endpoint (four weeks), and one month follow-up. The analysis will be based on an intent-to-treat approach. Mixed effects models will be used to assess trajectories over time of the primary outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms, mental well-being, perceived social support, and academic performance) and secondary outcomes for the intervention groups and the control group. Effect sizes will be computed for the mean differences of the intervention and control arms at midpoint, endpoint, and follow-up.
Discussion
This trial will provide insight into the comparative effectiveness of different strategies for scaling a school-based mental health care model. Findings will also indicate areas for improved efficiency of the model to enhance its replicability by other implementors.
Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR) (ID: PACTR202305589854478, Approved: 02/05/2023).
Bending Mechanics of the Soft Pneumatic Single Air Chamber Bending Actuator
Authors: Gariya Narendra , Asrani Anjas , Kumar Sanjeev , Nautiyal Hemant 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present study aims to quantify the bending of soft pneumatic actuators used in soft robots for different loading conditions. The bending angle was measured for the Ecoflex-OO50 silicone rubber-made hollow beam of different top layer thickness (1, 1.5, and 2 mm) under the pneumatic pressure of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kPa using the analytical modeling using Euler Bernoulli beam theory and FEM analysis tools. The increase in top layer thickness exhibited a decrease in bending angle, while an increase in pressure exhibits an increase in bending angle, from both tools of analysis. However, the modeling technique gave pretty high bending angle values as those obtained from FEM analysis. For the validation, Ecoflex-OO50 (silicon rubber) specimens of the same dimensions, as used in the FEM analysis and analytical model were taken and applied with the same pressure intensity, as in the FEM analysis and analytical model. The values obtained from the actual testing of the material were closer to the value of FEM analysis, the reason for the large difference in actual bending angle values and values obtained by the modeling is the assumptions taken into consideration while applying Euler Bernoulli beam theory.
Deconstructing Job Search Behavior
Authors: Banfi Stefano , Choi Sekyu , Roldan Benjamin Villena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We use online job board data to document novel facts regarding unemployment and on-the-job searches. We define a relevant set of job ads using the bipartite network between ads and applicants and show how applications are affected by demographics such as gender, age, and marital status as well as timing variables like unemployment duration, job tenure, and cyclical conditions. We also study the selective margin, i.e., how the posted-expected wage gap and the applicant fit into ad requirements such as education, experience, location, and occupation affect applications. This evidence can help discipline current and future search theories.
JEL Codes: E24, J40, J64
Non-volatile rippled-assisted optoelectronic array for all-day motion detection and recognition
Authors: Wang Yang , Pang Xingchen , zhang zhenhan , Xiang Du , Wu Haoqi , Jiang Yongbo , Liu Zizheng , Liu Xiaoxian , Liu Chunsen , Hu Weida , Zhou Peng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In-sensor processing has the potential to reduce the energy consumption and hardware complexity of motion detection and recognition (MDR). However, the state-of-the-art all-in-one array integration technologies with simultaneous broadband spectrum image capture (sensory), image memory (storage) and image processing (computation) functions like snake vision systems are still insufficient. Here, macroscale (2 × 2 mm2) integration of a rippled-assisted optoelectronic (RAO) array (18 × 18 pixels) mimics the characteristics of snake vision systems for all-day motion detection and recognition. The RAO array exhibits remarkable uniformity in the memory window, optically stimulated non-volatile positive and negative photoconductance (NV-PPC and NV-NPC). Importantly, the array achieves an extensive optical storage dynamic range exceeding 106, and exceptionally high room-temperature mobility up to 406.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, four times higher than the International Roadmap for Device and Systems (IRDS) 2028 target. Additionally, the spectral range of each RAO processor covers visible to near-infrared (405 nm to 940 nm), achieving detection and recognition of a man riding an electrical bicycle in both bright and dark environments.
Risk Factors for Falls in the Older Adult with Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Freire Larissa Barros , Neto Joaquim Pereira Brasil , Silva Marianne Lucena , Cruz Lorranne Matos , Miranda Milena Gonçalves Cruz , Martins Wagner Rodrigues , Paz Leonardo Petrus da Silva 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim
To identify risk factors for falls in the older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
The eligible studies identified factors associated with the risk of falls in older adults with DM. We searched PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases for studies beginning April 2020 through July 2021 (CRD42020193461).
Results
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, and eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. These studies included a total of 40,778 older adults with T2DM 60 to 101 years in. The risk of falls in T2DM older adults is 63% compared to the occurrence of falls in the non-diabetics (HR 1.63; 95% CI [1.30–2.05]). While the chance of falls in older adults with T2DM is 59% than non-diabetic older adults (OR 1.59; 95% CI [1.36–1.87]) and the chance of falls in older adults with T2DM who take insulin is 162% (OR 2.62; 95% CI [1.87–3.65]). No results were found in studies on diabetic polyneuropathy.
Conclusion
T2DM older adults have a higher risk of falls compared to non-diabetics. Among the T2DM older adults, the most important factor associated with a higher risk of falls was insulin use.
Trial registration:
Registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020193461).
The global distribution and climate resilience of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes
Authors: Heneghan Ryan , Holloway-Brown Jacinta , Gasol Josep , Herndl Gerhard , Morán Xosé Anxelu , Galbraith Eric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Heterotrophic Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes) are a major component of marine food webs and global biogeochemical cycles. Yet, there is limited understanding about how prokaryotes vary across global environmental gradients, and how they may be affected by climate change. Here, using parametric statistical models fit to a global dataset of prokaryotic abundance and cell carbon, we find that prokaryotic biomass varies by only 2-fold across the global ocean’s surface waters, despite phytoplankton varying by >2 orders of magnitude, while prokaryote abundance increases with temperature by 2.6% per °C. As a result, in contrast to the 10% projected decline in global biomass of larger heterotrophs (zooplankton and fish), prokaryote biomass will decline only 3% by 2100 under climate change. Thus, future oceans could be increasingly dominated by heterotrophic prokaryotes, diverting a larger share of primary production away from larger heterotrophs and into microbial food webs.
An anatomical approach to the Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: What can ankle’s medial side anatomy reveal us?
Authors: Lopes Jorge , Rodrigues-Pinho André , Relvas-Silva Miguel , Vital Luisa , Serdoura Francisco , Sousa António Nogueira , Pinto Filipe Fonseca , Neves Maria Abreu , Madeira Dulce , Pereira Pedro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The heel is a complex anatomical region and is very often the source of pain complaints. The medial heel contains a number of structures, capable of compressing the main nerves of the region and knowing its anatomical topography is mandatory. The purpose of this work is to evaluate if tibial nerve (TN) and its main branches relate to the main anatomical landmarks of the ankle’s medial side and if so, do they have a regular path after emerging from TN.
Methods
The distal part of the legs, ankles and feet of 12 Thiel embalmed cadavers were dissected. The pattern of the branches of the (TN) was registered and the measurements were performed according to the Dellon–McKinnon malleolar-calcaneal line (DML) and the Heimkes Triangle (HT).
Results
The TN divided proximal to DML in 87.5% and distal in none of the feet. The Baxter’s nerve (BN) originated proximally in 50% and distally in 12.5% of the cases. The correlation between specimens’ height and DML’s length was weak (ρ: 0.336). There was a significant correlation between the length of DML and the distance from the center of the medial malleolus to the lateral plantar (LPN) and medial plantar (MPN) nerves (ρ: 0.910 and 0.866, respectively, p < 0.01) but not to BN (ρ: 0.083; p value: 0.70).
Conclusions
In our sample the TN divides distal to DML in none of the cases. Therefore, a compression of the TN itself can be a more uncommon cause of heel pain. We also report a strong association between ankle size and the distribution of the MPN and LPN but not for BN.
Peri-partum Respiratory Management of Pregnant Women With Neuro-muscular Disorders: a Prospective Observational Study (IT-NEUMA-Pregn study)
Authors: Racca Fabrizio , Longhitano Yaroslava , Zanza Christian , Balzanelli Mario , Draisci Gaetano , Stoia Paolo Augusto , Gollo Evelina , Maio Mariella , Grattarola Claudia , Astuto Marinella , Ciccarelli Antonio , Racca Giulia , Romenskaya Tatsiana , Giordano Benedetta , Serraino Alessandra , Sansone Valeria Ada Maria , Gregoretti Cesare , CONTI GIORGIO , PICCOLELLA FABIO , Vachetto Rosanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background.
Pregnant women with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) often display respiratory muscle impairment which increases the risk for pulmonary complications (PCs). The aim of this study was to identify pregnant NMDs patients with pulmonary risk factors and to apply in these women non-invasive ventilation (NIV) combined with mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) in the peri-partum period.
Methods.
We conducted a multicenter observational study on women with NMDs undergoing cesarean section or spontaneous labor in a network of 7 national hospitals. In these subjects we applied a protocol for screening and preventing PCs, and we evaluated PCs rate, maternal and neonatal outcome.
Results.
Twenty-four patients out of the 94 enrolled pregnant women were at risk for PCs and were trained or retrained to use NIV and/or MI-E before delivery. After delivery, 17 patients required NIV with or without MI-E. Despite nine out of the 24 women at pulmonary risk developed postpartum PCs, none of them needed reintubation nor tracheostomy. In addition, the average birth weight and Apgar score were normal. Only one patient without pulmonary risk factors developed postpartum PCs.
Conclusion.
This study showed the feasibility of applying a protocol for screening and treating pregnant NMDs women with pulmonary risk. Despite a PCs rate of 37% was observed in these patients, maternal and neonatal outcome were favorable.
Raman Spectroscopy-based Prediction of Ofloxacin Concentration in Solution Using a Novel Loss Function and an Improved GA-CNN Model
Authors: Ma Chenyu , Shi Yuanbo , Huang Yueyang , Dai Gongwei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: A Raman spectroscopy method can quickly and accurately measure the concentration of ofloxacin in solution. This method has the advantages of accuracy and rapidity over traditional detection methods. However, the manual analysis methods for the collected Raman spectral data often ignore the nonlinear characteristics of the data and cannot accurately predict the concentration of the target sample.
Methods: To address this drawback, this paper proposes a novel Kernel-Huber loss function that combines the Huber loss function with the Gaussian kernel function.This function is used with an improved Genetic Algorithm-Convolutional Neural Network (GA-CNN) to model and predict the Raman spectral data of different concentrations of ofloxacin in solution. In addition, the paper introduces recurrent neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and gated recurrent units (GRU) models to conduct multiple experiments and use root mean square error (RMSE) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) as evaluation metrics.
Results: The proposed method achieved an R2 of 0.9989 on the test set data and improved by 3.03% over the traditional CNN. Multiple experiments were also conducted using RNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, and GRU models and evaluated their performance using RMSE, RPD, and other metrics. The results showed that the proposed method consistently outperformed these models.
Conclusions: This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method for predicting the concentration of ofloxacin in solution based on Raman spectral data, in addition to discussing the advantages and limitations of the proposed method, and the study proposes a solution to the problem of deep learning methods for Raman spectral concentration prediction.
Added value of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status to Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for predicting 30-day mortality in older patients admitted with suspected infections
Authors: Kudo Masataka , Sasaki Sho , Takada Toshihiko , Fujii Kotaro , Yagi Yu , Yano Tetsuhiro , Sada Ken-ei , Fukuhara Shunichi , Suganuma Narufumi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a simple and easy tool for identifying patients with suspected infection, who are at a high risk of poor outcome. However, its predictive performance is still insufficient. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) score, a tool to evaluate physical function, has been recently reported to be useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the added value of ECOG-PS to qSOFA in predicting 30-day mortality in older patients admitted with suspected infections.Methods Between 2018 and 2019, we prospectively collected data from adults aged 65 years or older, admitted with suspected infection at two acute care hospitals. Predictive performance was compared between two logistic regression models: one using qSOFA score alone (qSOFA model) and the other in which ECOG-PS was added to qSOFA (extended model).Results Of the 1536 enrolled patients, 135 (8.8%) died within 30 days. The area under the curve of the extended model was significantly higher than that of the qSOFA model (0.68 vs. 0.64, p = 0.008). When the risk groups were categorized as follows: low (< 5%), intermediate (5–10%), and high (≥ 10%), 5.0% of those who died and 2.1% of those survived were correctly reclassified by the extended model with an overall categorized net reclassification improvement of 0.03 (95% confidence interval: -0.06 to 0.30).Conclusions Adding the ECOG-PS score could improve the performance of qSOFA in predicting mortality in older patients admitted with suspected infection.
Current cough and sputum assessed by the Cough And Sputum Assessment-Questionnaire (CASA-Q) is associated with quality of life impairment in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Charon Lucie , Launois Claire , Perotin Jeanne-Marie , Ravoninjatovo Bruno , Mulette Pauline , Ancel Julien , Guillard Thomas , Muggeo Anaëlle , Dormoy Valérian , Griffon Muriel , Carré Sophie , Lebargy François , Deslée Gaëtan , Dury Sandra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Cough and sputum are major symptoms in cystic fibrosis (CF) that contribute to the impairment of quality of life.Methods This prospective monocentric cross-sectional pilot study aimed to describe the results of the Cough and Sputum Assessment Questionnaire (CASA-Q) in CF adult patients at stable state, and to analyse associations with clinical, functional, microbiological, radiological data, and two quality of life scales: the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire Revised (CFQ-R) and the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).Results Forty-eight patients were included in this analysis (69% men; median age of 27.8 years; median body mass index of 21.8 kg/m²; mean FEV1 of 64% of the predicted value). The mean values of the CASA-Q domains were 58 for cough symptoms, 77 for cough impact, 62 for sputum symptoms and 84 for sputum impact. Impairment in CASA-Q cough and sputum domains was associated with dyspnea mMRC scale and exacerbations in the previous year. We also found correlations between all domains of the CASA-Q and quality of life questionnaires including SGRQ and to a lesser extend CFQ-R. We identified a clinical phenotype (female gender, ΔF508 heterozygous mutation, dyspnea mMRC scale) associated with an impairment of CASA-Q score and quality of life.Conclusions CASA-Q allows the assessment of cough and sputum in CF adult patients and is associated with quality of life impairment. This simple easy-to-use tool could be used in routine clinical practice and in clinical studies to assess cough and sputum in CF patients.Trial Registration The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02924818) on 5th October 2016.
PVA enema ameliorates DSS-induced acute colitis in mice
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Kong Lingnan , Lv Ming , Yao Yukuan , Gao Li , Zhou Ruchen , Ma Wenlong , Li Jing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution is a biodegradable polymer material with the main component of glue. PVA can now be used in the medical field. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a clinically intractable disease with persistent damage to the colonic epithelial mucosa as the main pathological change. The research aims to explore the therapeutic effect of PVA water solution on UC in mice.
Methods
The UC model was induced by dextran sulfate sodium, and the therapeutic effects of different concentrations of PVA water solution on the model mice were observed. Besides the changes in mouse body weight, clinical disease activity index, and colon length were recorded. Histopathological examination staining and inflammatory factors levels were used to evaluate the degree of colonic tissue damage and inflammation. Furthermore, mouse colon organoids were cultured, which were used to assess the effects of different concentrations of PVA aqueous solution on the number of organoids in vitro.
Results
We reported that treatment with PVA aqueous solution (1 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml) can significantly alleviate the weight loss of the colitis group, and dramatically improve histopathology scores, meanwhile the levels of inflammatory factors in intestinal mucosal tissue were decreased. It was also confirmed that PVA could greatly increase the number of colonic organoids in vitro.
Conclusions
In summary, PVA can relieve tissue damage and clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis. We infer that the underlying mechanism may be related to promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation by PVA, which might in turn promote the repair of intestinal mucosal damage. This study might provide a new candidate for the clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Value of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Diagnosis and Invasion Risk Classification of Submucosal Tumors
Authors: Dai Li , Ning Bo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective:To explore the value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis and invasion risk classification of submucosal tumor (SMT).
Method:197 patients with gastric SMT diagnosed by EUS in Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled by retrospective study, with a total of 197 lesions.Taking the results of pathological examination as the diagnostic gold standard, the coincidence rate of EUS diagnosis and pathological examination results in patients with gastric SMT was calculated.The demographic data and EUS characteristics of patients were collected, and the patients with gastric SMT were divided into coincidence group and non-coincidence group, and the factors affecting the coincidence rate were analyzed.Patients with gastric stromal tumor(GST) and other types of gastric SMT were divided into very low, low, medium and high-risk groups, and the factors predicting the invasion risk classificationwere analyzed.Finally, the coincidence rate between the preoperative plan based on EUS diagnosis and the final actual surgical plan is calculated.
Result:The coincidence rate of EUS diagnosis and pathological examination results in patients with gastric SMT was 69.04%(136/197).The coincidence ratewas higher in older patients over 60(P<0.05). The proportion of ultrasonic inhomogeneity inside the lesions that meet the diagnosis is significantly higher than that inside the lesions that do not meet the diagnosis (P<0.05).The patient's age > 60 years old and the ultrasonic inhomogeneitywere independent influencing factors of the coincidence rate (P<0.05).The higher the risk of invasion, the more common ultrasonic inhomogeneity, blood flow signal inside the lesions and unclear boundary (P<0.05).Ultrasonic inhomogeneity and blood flow signal inside the lesions were independent influencing factors to predict the invasion risk classification(P<0.05).One patient failed to isolate the lesion during the surgery, and the others were successful.The coincidence rate of surgical plan was 99.49%(196/197).
Conclusion:The results of EUS diagnosis and pathological examination in patients with gastric SMT have good consistency.The patient's age is over 60 years old, ultrasonic inhomogeneityinside the lesions, and the coincidence rate of EUS is higher.The EUS characteristics of gastric SMT patients with different invasion risk classification are different.Ultrasonic inhomogeneityand blood flow signal inside the lesions are important signs to predict the invasion risk classification.EUS can help doctors choose the surgical plan.