bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual differences in blood parasite infections, circulating carotenoids and body condition in free‐living red‐legged partridges
Authors: García J. T. , Pérez‐Rodríguez L. , Calero‐Riestra M. , Sánchez‐Barbudo I. , Viñuela J. , Casas F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA central issue in avian ecology deals with the trade‐off between investment life‐history components, such as reproductive effort, and parasite and disease resistance. During reproduction, differences in the particular needs of males and females may further affect the outcome of such trade‐off. However, most studies performed to date on avian species have focused on males, while less is known about this subject in females. We investigated haemoparasite infections (generaHaemoproteus, PlasmodiumandLeucocytozoon) in relation to sex, year, body condition and plasma concentrations of carotenoids in wild‐breeding Red‐legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). Our aim was to examine whether there are differences in infections between sexes and how parasite infections relate to carotenoid levels, physical condition and breeding parameters in non‐passerine wild birds. Males captured early in the breeding season were in better body condition than females, indicating a marked sexual difference in this trait in wild Red‐legged partridges. The prevalence of blood parasites in males was higher than in females. However, we found that females infected by blood parasites had lower plasma carotenoid concentrations than uninfected females, whereas no association between infection and carotenoid levels was found in males. This suggests sex‐related differences in the use of carotenoids to fight infections or for parasite resistance. A possible explanation of this contrasting pattern between sexes is that reproduction may not have to involve the same costs for males and females. We suggest that males would be under strong sexual selection and would trade health for signalling, which could simultaneously explain highest parasite prevalence being found in males and the contrasting patterns in blood carotenoid levels between males and females. Females in contrast, that were in worst body condition during early breeding season, were more sensitive to infections, diverting carotenoids to immune function more than males.
Attuning toIn‐the‐Red Frequencieswith/in Readers Workshop
Authors: Dernikos Bessie P. , Thiel Jaye Johnson , Nightengale‐Lee Bianca , Lenters Kimberly , Bailey Erin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, we ‘think with’ the theoretical concepts of flow, rupture, layering, and sampling to affectively attune to ‘in‐the‐red frequencies’ flowing across/with‐in a New York City primary classroom—that is, alternative sonic frequencies that trouble and refuse hegemonic literacy practices. These hip‐hop concepts theorise affect in relation to Black intellectual frameworks for moving, feeling, and sounding. Such frameworks honour philosophical practices emerging from Black people's lived experiences—practices that, historically, have been perceptually coded out of legibility by white supremacist institutions. Ultimately, we argue that thinking with flow↔rupture↔layering↔sampling enables more equitable practices that push literacies ‘into the red,’ namely, by respecting multiple perspectives, histories, and truths; accounting for power, privilege, positioning, and complicity; and highlighting ‘otherwise’ social worlds not predicated on hegemonic whiteness, anti‐blackness, and socio‐political violence.
High conservation of the dental plaque microbiome across populations with differing subsistence strategies and levels of market integration
Authors: Velsko Irina M. , Gallois Sandrine , Stahl Raphaela , Henry Amanda G. , Warinner Christina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndustrialization—including urbanization, participation in the global food chain and consumption of heavily processed foods—is thought to drive substantial shifts in the human microbiome. While diet strongly influences stool microbiome composition, the influence of diet on the oral microbiome is largely speculative. Multiple ecologically distinct surfaces in the mouth, each harbouring a unique microbial community, pose a challenge to assessing changes in the oral microbiome in the context of industrialization, as the results depend on the oral site under study. Here, we investigated whether microbial communities of dental plaque, the dense biofilm on non‐shedding tooth surfaces, are distinctly different across populations with dissimilar subsistence strategies and degree of industrialized market integration. Using a metagenomic approach, we compared the dental plaque microbiomes of Baka foragers and Nzime subsistence agriculturalists in Cameroon (n = 46) with the dental plaque and calculus microbiomes of highly industrialized populations in North America and Europe (n = 38). We found that differences in microbial taxonomic composition between populations were minimal, with high conservation of abundant microbial taxa and no significant differences in microbial diversity related to dietary practices. Instead, we find that the major source of variation in dental plaque microbial species composition is related to tooth location and oxygen availability, which may be influenced by toothbrushing or other dental hygiene measures. Our results support that dental plaque, in contrast to the stool microbiome, maintains an inherent stability against ecological perturbations in the oral environment.
5‐HT7 receptors mediate dilation of rat cremaster muscle arterioles in vivo
Authors: Jackson William F. , Daci Armond , Thompson Janice M. , Fink Gregory D. , Watts Stephanie W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveSerotonin (5‐HT) infusion in vivo causes hypotension and a fall in total peripheral resistance. However, the vascular segment and the receptors that mediate this response remain in question. We hypothesized that 5‐HT7 receptors mediate arteriolar dilation to 5‐HT in skeletal muscle microcirculation.MethodsCremaster muscles of isoflurane‐anesthetized male Sprague‐Dawley rats were prepared for in vivo microscopy of third‐ and fourth‐order arterioles and superfused with physiological salt solution at 34°C. Quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) was applied to pooled samples of first‐ to third‐order cremaster arterioles (2–4 rats/sample) to evaluate 5‐HT7 receptor expression.ResultsTopical 5‐HT (1–10 nmols) or the 5‐HT1/7 receptor agonist, 5‐carboxamidotryptamine (10–30 nM), dilated third‐ and fourth‐order arterioles, responses that were abolished by 1 μM SB269970, a selective 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist. In contrast, dilation induced by the muscarinic agonist, methacholine (100 nmols) was not inhibited by SB269970. Serotonin (10 nmols) failed to dilate cremaster arterioles in 5‐HT7 receptor knockout rats whereas arterioles in wild‐type litter mates dilated to 1 nmol 5‐HT, a response blocked by 1 μM SB269970. Quantitative RT‐PCR revealed that cremaster arterioles expressed mRNA for 5‐HT7 receptors.Conclusions5‐HT7 receptors mediate dilation of small arterioles in skeletal muscle and likely contribute to 5‐HT‐induced hypotension, in vivo.
The art of nationalism: Artists' perspectives on the Latvian Centenary film programme
Authors: Ozoliņa Liene , Vikmane Elīna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the aftermath of several decades of neoliberalism in Eastern Europe, the social fabric of post‐socialist societies is frayed. In this context, nationalist cultural policies and everyday displays of national belonging have emerged as key instruments of social solidarity. There has recently been a drive of state initiatives in Latvia in the field of cultural policy aimed at strengthening national identity. In this paper, we focus our attention on one particular cultural policy initiative, Latvian Films for Latvian Centenary. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 16 film directors who participated in the Centenary film programme, the paper explores how artists and cultural operators involved in this programme are mobilised as national(ist) subjects and how they see their work within such a framework. We argue that nationalist cultural policy can be successfully implemented because the artists, themselves formed as responsible political and moral subjects in the tradition of Latvian cultural nationalism, share a regard for culture and the arts as a resource for sustaining the political statehood and the national community. However, the artists also recognise the limitations of their work as a source of social cohesion and solidarity in a society that is ethnically divided.
Killing the dead: The logic of cemetery destruction during genocidal campaigns
Authors: Krikler Noa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper contends that cultural destruction during genocidal campaigns is a dimension of genocide itself and is evidence of the intent to completely erase the targeted group from existence. It focuses on a powerful, yet under‐examined, form of cultural violence, namely the destruction of cemeteries and graveyards. My argument will be demonstrated through the localised case study of the town of Zvornik, Bosnia–Herzegovina, and the destruction of two Muslim cemeteries that took place there during genocidal campaigns against the Muslim communities of Bosnia–Herzegovina in the 1992–1995 war.
‘Exodus’: The Serb flight from Sarajevo, its legacy, and its role in the political memory of Republika Srpska
Authors: Žíla Ondřej 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study provides a conceptual and empirical explanation of how and why the leadership of Republika Srpska (RS), which is one of the entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed a specific discourse concerning the flight of Sarajevan Serbs after the 1992–1995 war. Undertaking an analysis of local media, it explores the ‘defensive’ and ‘cohesive’ strategies promulgated by the RS elite that have been pivotal in shaping the idea of Serbhood. The former accentuates victimhood through discursive dimensions of external enforcement, suffering and rupture. The latter channels a sense of collective identity and the notion of ‘statehood’ in RS through narratives of sacrifice and patriotism. These strategies help to advance the concept of Serbhood to counter the war's external near‐hegemonic understanding, fuelling denialism and promoting in‐group characteristics in the RS society. The legacy of the flight has contributed to moulding the political memory of RS.
Proximal esophageal impedance baseline increases the yield of impedance‐pH monitoring for GERD diagnosis and is associated with heartburn response to PPI
Authors: Ribolsi Mentore , Frazzoni Marzio , Marchetti Lorenzo , Brigida Mattia , Cicala Michele , Savarino Edoardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundImpairment of esophageal mucosal integrity as assessed by low mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) measured in the distal esophagus increases the diagnostic yield of impedance‐pH in patients with inconclusive GERD diagnosis as defined by Lyon criteria.AimTo assess the diagnostic yield of MNBI measurement in the proximal esophagus, and its relationship with PPI response.MethodsExpert review of off‐therapy impedance‐pH tracings from consecutive patients with heartburn, 80 responders and 80 non‐responders to label‐dose PPI. Data were compared to those from 36 healthy controls using ROC analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed to measure the strength of association of MNBI with PPI response.ResultsA threshold value of 2665 Ω was defined for proximal MNBI by ROC analysis, affording 91.7% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity. Proximal and distal MNBI were significantly lower in non‐responder cases as compared to responders. Adding proximal MNBI positivity to pathologic (>6%) acid exposure time (AET) and positive symptom‐reflux association, the proportion of patients with abnormal impedance‐pH findings increased from 74/160 (46%) to 106/160 (66.3%) (p = 0.0016). Among the 12 patients with pathologic proximal MNBI as the only positive impedance‐pH finding, 9 cases (75%) were PPI responders. According to multivariate analysis, AET and pathological distal and proximal MNBI were significantly associated with PPI response, the strongest association observed for proximal MNBI.ConclusionsImpedance baseline assessment in the proximal esophagus may increase the diagnostic yield of impedance‐pH monitoring. Heartburn response to PPI is directly related to ultrastructural mucosal damage in the distal and in the proximal esophagus as well.
Mena as a key enhancer factor of EMT to promote metastasis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cui Hao , Liang Xiang , Zhu Yifei , Elayah Sadam Ahmed , Qi Hong , Xie Linyang , Guo Zhichen , Siya Fang , Ming Yu , Yuxin Gong , Tu Junbo , Na Sijia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mammalian‐enabled (Mena) on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) metastasis and its mechanism.Materials and MethodsImmunochemistry was performed to investigate the Mena and tumor‐related markers expression, and its clinicopathological characteristics in 46 TSCC specimens. TSCC cell SCC9 and Cal27 untransfected or stable transfected with Mena overexpression and small interfering RNA were used to determine the role of Mena in cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and metastasis, and EMT‐related markers in vitro, and the effect of Mena on TSCC growth and metastasis through tumor‐bearing and tumor metastasis immunodeficient mice models in vivo.ResultsImmunochemistry showed that the expression of Mena was significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage, E‐cadherin, Vimentin, and MMP2. Mena did not affect cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. However, it promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro, and TSCC metastasis in vivo.ConclusionsMena expression is associated with lymphatic metastasis and tumor stage and promotes TSCC invasion and metastasis by inducing the EMT process. Thus, Mena may be a biomarker for prognosis and targeted therapy in TSCC patients.
Diagnostic cut‐off values for the urinary corticoid:creatinine ratio for the diagnosis of canine Cushing's syndrome using an automated chemiluminescent assay
Authors: Schäfer Ingo , Rehbein Sina , Holtdirk Annette , Kottmann Tanja , Klein Ruth , Müller Elisabeth , Thoren‐Tolling Kerstin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCushing's syndrome is one of the most common endocrinopathies in dogs. The preferred screening test for spontaneous Cushing's syndrome is the low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST). The diagnostic value of urinary cortisol:creatinine ratios(UCCR) is questionable.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine diagnostic cut‐off values for UCCR testing in comparison with LDDST as a clinical reference standard and to calculate the sensitivity and specificity.MethodsData from 2018 to 2020 were obtained retrospectively from a commercial laboratory. Both LDDST and UCCR were measured by automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). The maximum interval between both tests was 14 days. The optimal cut‐off value for UCCR testing was calculated by the Youden index. The sensitivity and specificity of these cut‐off values for the UCCR test and LDDST were assessed by Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs).ResultsThis study included 324 dogs with both UCCR test and LDDST results. The optimal UCCR cut‐off value, calculated by the Youden index, was 47.4 × 10−6. Any UCCR <40 × 10−6was interpreted as a negative result, 40–60 × 10−6as values in a gray zone, and >60 × 10−6as positive. Using the cut‐off of 60 × 10−6, BLCM showed 91% (LDDST) and 86% (UCCR test) sensitivity and a specificity of 54% (LDDST) and 63% (UCCR test).ConclusionsConsidering an 86% sensitivity and a 63% specificity, UCCR testing may be considered a first‐line investigation to rule out Cushing's syndrome using CLIA analysis. Urine samples can be collected noninvasively at home by the owner, reducing the potential impact of stress.
The Transported Word
Authors: Wolff Tristram 
Published: May 2023

Chapter 2 proposes that what Phillis Wheatley calls a “softer language,” linking images of poetry, freedom, and the afterlife, offers a vision of language in motion through “scenes of transport.” In emphasizing the texture of language softened by free movement, Wheatley intervenes in the monolithic chronology of language that emerged through the enlightenment’s stadial theories of civilization. In her conscious role as exceptional, representative, lettered Black lyric subject, Wheatley’s management of her own audibility instructively differentiates her balance of license and constraint from the compromised agency celebrated in later romantic formulas (whose prototype for my purposes is Wordsworthian “wise passiveness”). Against a backdrop of influential theories of language, stadial civilization, and organicism (in the work of Adam Smith and Wilhelm von Humboldt), I show how Wheatley, described as previously an “uncultivated Barbarian,” uses her poetry to unravel the primitivist timeline of linguistic modernity.
Tracing black shales in the source of a porphyry Mo deposit using molybdenum isotopes
Authors: Xue Qiqi , Zhang Lipeng , Chen Shuo , Guo Kun , Li Tao , Han Zhong , Sun Weidong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Porphyry Mo deposits are important suppliers of molybdenum for industrial applications, but the origin and source of metals in these deposits remain debated. Here, we present Mo isotope data for Miocene mineralized porphyritic monzogranites (MPMs) and Paleocene barren biotite monzogranites and tuffs (BMTs) from the Bangpu porphyry Mo (Cu) deposit in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. The results show that the MPMs display radiogenic Sr and Pb isotopes and elevated δ98/95Mo (relative to NIST SRM 3134; +0.07‰–1.2‰) and Mo contents, which exceed the range of the depleted mantle. These characteristics cannot be attributed to surface weathering, hydrothermal alteration, magmatic differentiation, or partial melting but rather reflect the incorporation of Mo from black shales into their magma sources, as evidenced by the significant correlations between δ98/95Mo and εNd(t) and aluminum saturation index (ASI) values. In contrast, the BMTs display lower Mo and δ98/95Mo values than the mineralized samples, and their δ98/95Mo values display no correlations with radiogenic isotopes or ASI values. The contrasting characteristics of mineralized and barren samples provide strong evidence that the addition of black shales played an important role in the formation of the Bangpu porphyry Mo deposit. Our study thus establishes a possible link between porphyry Mo deposits and organic-rich sediments and highlights the great potential of Mo isotopes in studying porphyry Mo deposits.
Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope signature of Carboniferous and older strata of the Yukon-Tanana terrane in Yukon, Canadian Cordillera: Implications for terrane correlations and the onset of Late Devonian arc magmatism
Authors: Kroeger Emma D.L. , McClelland William C. , Colpron Maurice , Piercey Stephen J. , Gehrels George E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Yukon-Tanana terrane in Yukon, Canada, records Late Devonian (ca. 366–360 Ma) rifting and the onset of latest Devonian–Carboniferous arc and back-arc magmatism (ca. 360–325 Ma) in the Northern Cordillera. Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope analyses indicate that the metasedimentary basement of the Yukon-Tanana terrane was sourced in northwestern Laurentia. Sandstones in Late Devonian–Carboniferous successions generally have robust Late Devonian–Mississippian age peaks, and their Hf isotope signatures are characterized by strongly negative εHft values in Late Devonian zircons followed by progressively more juvenile εHft values in Carboniferous zircons. This Hf isotopic “pull-up” reflects the melting of Precambrian crust related to regional extension in the Late Devonian, followed by progressively more juvenile magmatism as the arc matured through the Carboniferous.
Paleozoic rocks of the Tracy Arm terrane in southeastern Alaska, USA (formerly Yukon-Tanana south), have been compared with the Yukon-Tanana terrane in Yukon. Detrital zircons from the metasedimentary basement to the Tracy Arm terrane have distinct Precambrian populations that indicate sources along a different segment of the Laurentian margin compared to basement of the Yukon-Tanana terrane. Magmatism in the Tracy Arm terrane ranges from 440 Ma to 360 Ma and is characterized by an Hf isotopic “pull-down” in the Silurian to Early Devonian, followed by a “pull-up” in the Middle to Late Devonian and a second “pull-down” in the Late Devonian to early Mississippian. Thus, the Yukon-Tanana and Tracy Arm terranes record distinct pre-Carboniferous histories. Interactions between these two terranes are suggested by the influx of exotic early Mississippian clasts and detrital zircons on the Tracy Arm terrane that match sources in the Yukon-Tanana terrane.
Breaking the silence on gendered harassment and assault of community health workers: an analysis of ethnographic studies
Authors: Closser Svea , Sultan Marium , Tikkanen Roosa , Singh Shalini , Majidulla Arman , Maes Kenneth , Gerber Sue , Rosenthal Anat , Palazuelos Daniel , Tesfaye Yihenew , Finley Erin , Abesha Roza , Keeling Ann , Justice Judith 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAcross a variety of settings, women in tenuous financial circumstances are drawn to community health work as a way to advance themselves in the context of limited employment options. Female Community Health Workers (CHWs) are often preferred because they can more easily access mothers and children; at the same time, gender norms are at the heart of many of the challenges and inequities that these workers encounter. Here, we explore how these gender roles and a lack of formal worker protections leave CHWs vulnerable to violence and sexual harassment, common occurrences that are frequently downplayed or silenced.MethodsWe are a group of researchers who work on CHW programmes in a variety of contexts globally. The examples here are drawn from our ethnographic research (participant observation and in-depth interviews).ResultsCHW work creates job opportunities for women in contexts where such opportunities are extremely rare. These jobs can be a lifeline for women with few other options. Yet the threat of violence can be very real: women may face violence from the community, and some experience harassment from supervisors within health programmes.ConclusionTaking gendered harassment and violence seriously in CHW programmes is critical for research and practice. Fulfilling CHWs’ vision of health programmes that value them, support them and give them opportunities may be a way for CHW programmes to lead the way in gender-transformative labour practices.