bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of Stochastic Benjamin–Bona–Mahony Equation With Poisson Jumps
Authors: Dhayal Rajesh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a new class of stochastic Benjamin‐Bona‐Mahony equations with Poisson jumps, which is a third‐order nonlinear partial differential equation describing wave propagation. First, we established the existence of mild solutions for the considered problem under the non‐Lipschitz conditions. Moreover, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of mild solutions for the proposed system. The outcomes are formulated and proved using the successive approximation approach and Bihari inequality. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the obtained results.
CESTsimu: An open‐source GUI for spectral and spatial CEST simulation
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Qiu Bensheng , Xu Jiadi , Chan Kannie WY , Huang Jianpan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to create a user‐friendly CEST simulation tool with a GUI for both spectral (1D Z‐spectra) and spatial (2D phantom) CEST experiments, making the CEST simulation easier to perform.MethodsCESTsimu was developed using MATLAB App Designer. It consists of three modules: Saturation Settings, Exchange Settings, and Phantom Settings. CESTsimu can not only import/export files in the defined format but can also import files generated by other existing simulation platforms (e.g. pulseq‐CEST).ResultsThe 1D Z‐spectrum simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of CESTsimu in simulating Z‐spectra under various saturation ( and ) and exchange settings (concentration and exchange rate). The 2D simulation results showed that CESTsimu can generate an arbitrary number of phantoms with different shapes under different noise conditions. Notably, CESTsimu could also simulate and inhomogeneity in 2D patterns that mimicked practical conditions. Moreover, the accuracy of CESTsimu was validated by simulating 8 cases in the BMsim challenge.ConclusionWe developed a user‐friendly CESTsimu GUI for intuitively simulating CEST experiments under diverse saturation and exchange settings in 1D and 2D conditions. CESTsimu has the potential to facilitate the broad utilization of CEST MRI among a wide range of users.
Connecting resonance theory with social‐ecological thinking: Conceptualizing self‐world relationships in the context of sustainability transformations
Authors: Brossette Florian , Bieling Claudia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Relationships and interactions between humans and their environment play an important role in sustainability transformations. However, their conceptualization remains a big challenge in current social‐ecological research. We propose resonance theory by the German sociologist Hartmut Rosa as a fruitful framework to advance social‐ecological thinking. Resonance theory investigates the quality of the relationships between self and world and scrutinizes their relevance for transformations.

To illustrate the potentials of resonance theory, we use a vignette approach to cases of landscape stewardship initiatives in the Black Forest Biosphere Reserve in Germany.

In distinguishing between self and world and highlighting the role of relationships, resonance theory brings ontological and epistemological clarity, while overcoming a strict dichotomy between social and ecological. We find that resonance theory provides a much needed framework to describe how system‐wide transformations emerge from interactions and out of relationships at the individual level.

We argue that resonance theory contributes to social‐ecological systems thinking by adding the notion of uncontrollability in transformations and shifting the debate on agency towards relationships.

Synthesis and applications: This paper demonstrates the meaningfulness of relational paradigms for real‐world transformations in theory and practice.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
C‐Reactive Protein Changes in Adult and Pediatric People With Cystic Fibrosis During Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations
Authors: Zuckerman Jonathan B. , Hinton Alexandra C. , Lahiri Thomas , Teneback Charlotte C. , Jia Shijing , Mermis Joel , Polineni Deepika , Dasenbrook Elliott , Sadeghi Hossein , DiMango Emily , Dezube Rebecca , West Natalie E. , Zemanick Edith T. , Samya Z. Nasr , Gifford Alex H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough studies have examined changes in C‐reactive protein (CRP) during pulmonary exacerbations (PEX) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), few have evaluated CRP profiles across age groups. Here, we characterize age‐related CRP responses to PEX treatment.MethodsWe measured CRP concentrations at the beginning and end of intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for PEX in 100 pediatric and 147 adult PwCF at 10 US CF Centers. We examined relationships between CRP and age, lung function, severity of PEX symptoms, and time to next PEX.ResultsCRP measured at initiation of IV antibiotic treatment for PEX was higher in adults than children, median 8 mg/L (IQR 4, 32) versus 5 mg/L (IQR 2, 10), respectively (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the initial CRP and drop in lung from baseline to the beginning of IV antibiotics in adults and children. Adjusted CRP dropped in response to PEX treatment more commonly in adults than in children (70% vs. 48%, respectively). The range of treatment responses was greater in adults, in those with higher symptom scores, and in those with more advanced lung disease. In adults elevated CRP at the end of treatment was also associated with incomplete recovery of lung function. CRP at the start of IV antibiotics was inversely related to time until the next PEX.ConclusionIn children and adults with CF, CRP is increased at the initiation of IV antibiotic therapy for PEX and declines with treatment. The response is more pronounced in highly symptomatic adults with advanced lung disease.
Preclinical evaluation of 68Ga‐labeled peptides for targeting CD44 imaging
Authors: Pan Xiaoyu , Liu Yi , Liu Xuwei , Zhang Fengsheng , Bai Liyan , Xi Yue , Ji Mengjing , Xu Xiaoping , Liu Fei , Li Jindian , Song Shaoli 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCD44 is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein that has recently been considered a cancer marker. Therefore, monitoring the expression of CD44 in tumors in vivo has great potential for guiding clinical treatment. In this study, a CD44‐targeted peptide labeled with 68Ga was constructed. Its ability to target tumors with high CD44 expression and its clinical applications were evaluated. Micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) was used to explore the imaging properties of the probes. The imaging effects of [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐A6 were compared with [18F]FDG via a head‐to‐head experiment. Results showed that [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐A6 remained stable both in vivo and in vitro for at least 120 min. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that CD44 positive model exhibits specific uptake of [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐A6. microPET/CT revealed that [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐A6 had a high tumor‐to‐muscle ratio. Pharmacokinetic and biological distribution experiments confirmed that [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐A6 was characterized by rapid clarity and minimal harm to major organs. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the positive expression of CD44 in PC9, MDA‐MB‐468, and B16F10 tumors. Blood analysis and H&E staining of different organs from treated mice demonstrated biosafety of [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐A6. Results prove that this probe has excellent imaging properties and can be rapidly metabolized. [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐A6 may be useful for guiding clinical therapeutic strategies.
Allosteric probe‐driven catalytic CRISPR‐Cas12a and dual‐colored persistent luminescence nanoparticles tandem biosensing for ultrasensitive MRSA detection
Authors: Liu Shuai , Ding Zishan , Liu Zhiyong , Zhou Yang , Lu Xing , Shen Man , Dai Xianling , Xu Hanqing , Wang Jun , Bao Jing , Chen Ming 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prevalent and highly virulent bacterium encountered in clinical settings. Due to its uneven drug resistance profile and the multitude of factors influencing detection rates, precise and sensitive identification of MRSA is essential. Herein, we developed a detection system (called “APC‐Cas‐PLNPs”) that can ultrasensitive detection for MRSA, using a nucleic acid‐based allosteric probe, CRISPR‐Cas12a, and dual‐colored persistent luminescent nanoparticles tandem detection. Simply, an allosteric probe was used to specifically recognize MRSA and cyclic signal amplification and then initiated catalytic CRISPR‐Cas12a collateral cleavage. Meanwhile, red‐emitting ZnGa2O4:Cr (ZGC) bonded with BHQ3‐modified single‐stranded DNA to create a detection probe known as ZGC@BHQ3, and green‐emitting Zn2GeO4:Mn (ZGM) was served as the reference probe and electrostatically bound to both probes, forming the ratiometric luminescence sensor ZGC@BHQ3‐ZGM for CRISPR‐Cas12a detection. With this strategy, the nonnucleic acid targets were dexterously converted into fluorescent signals. This tandem detection system eliminates interference from background fluorescence and external factors and provides a novel signal amplification and conversion strategy, which enables accurate and sensitive quantification of MRSA (1–105 CFU/mL) without requiring isolation and DNA extraction. Moreover, APC‐Cas‐PLNPs are capable of detecting low levels of MRSA in food samples such as milk and orange juice, as well as in mouse serum, demonstrating greater sensitivity compared with real‐time PCR. This method holds significant potential application value in food detection and early diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria, highlighting its broad applicability.
Plant‐derived extracellular vesicles: Current status and challenges for developing a new paradigm in therapeutics development
Authors: Jo Ha Young , Kang Su Jin , Kim Gunhee , Gwak Seongjin , Baek Gichan , Rhee Won Jong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing bioactive materials, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. They function as messengers secreted by cells, playing a crucial role in cell‐to‐cell communication. Plant‐derived extracellular vesicles (P‐EVs), secreted by plant cells, are being investigated as therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers due to their high biocompatibility, productivity, and effective cellular delivery, exerting therapeutic effects through physiological pathways. However, methods for EV production directly from plants and P‐EV identification components have not yet been established. A comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential and biodistribution of P‐EVs is essential for their application as systemic therapeutics and drug delivery carriers. This review covers recent methods for separating P‐EVs from plants and explores potential identification components for their identification. It also summarizes the intrinsic therapeutic effects and applications of engineered P‐EVs. Finally, it provides tailored strategies by examining biodistribution according to the route of administration and analyzing the potential for effective delivery and therapeutic application. Given the diversity and distinctiveness of plants, the development of therapeutic agents using P‐EVs shows great promise and are anticipated to create a new paradigm in therapeutics.
Intergenerational Ethics and Climate Change
Authors: Hourdequin Marion 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGlobal climate change is a multigenerational challenge that raises significant questions of intergenerational ethics. What do we owe to future generations? How should we think about intergenerational relations in the context of climate change? Many common moral theories—particularly those that assume a shared community of contemporaries who have the capacity to make agreements among themselves—encounter challenges in relation to intergenerational ethics. These challenges include the nonexistence and nonidentity problems, as well as issues involving power asymmetries, motivation, and accountability. This review suggests that the prominence of generational individualism—in which generations are conceptualized as distinct and potentially in conflict—can be an impediment to the robust consideration of future generations in climate ethics and policy. Conceptions of intergenerational ethics that emphasize transgenerational community and mutual flourishing over time may help to temper generational individualism, alleviating “intergenerational buck passing” on climate change and supporting climate action that takes past, present, and future generations more fully into account.
An optimized irrigation water quality index for evaluating surface water sustainability status of an agricultural watershed
Authors: Damiba Wendyam Arsene Flavien , Gathenya John Mwangi , Raude James Messo , Home Patrick Gathogo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMaintaining good water quality is essential for drinking and agriculture. High water quality is crucial for irrigation to boost agricultural productivity and ensure sustainable water resource management. This study used in‐depth physical and chemical analysis of water samples to evaluate the Kakia‐Esamburmbur watershed's irrigation water sustainability. The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), developed using 19 indicators and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), addressed concerns about soil salinity, sodicity, and plant water toxicity. The analysis revealed SO4.Cl‐Na is the predominant pollutant. Qualitative water parameter analysis showed 70% of samples were adequate for EC, 90% for SAR and RSBC, and 100% for PI and SSP. However, Na (%), RSC, KI, and MH were lower. PCA identified eight key indicators, with IWQI values ranging from 14.48 to 433.76, with 50% of sites rated ‘excellent.’ The correlation matrix indicated significant hydrogeochemical impacts from geogenic and anthropogenic pressures. These findings inform policies to promote sustainable agricultural productivity.Practitioner Points
Primary ions ranked as Na+ > K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ and HCO3− > SO42− > Cl‐ > CO32−
PCA identified Na+, EC, TDS, HCO3−, SAR, RSC, RSBC, and KI as key indicators.
Combining the unique quality rating scale (Qi) and weighting formula makes the IWQI innovative and original.
50% of water samples were rated “excellent” for irrigation.
Significant geogenic and anthropogenic impacts stress the need for informed policies on sustainable water management.
Correlation on metabolic complete response on positron emission tomography and pathological complete response in patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Ma Lorraine Wai Yan , Cheung Polly Suk Yee , Ho Chi Lai , Wong Yuet Hung , Luk Wing Pan , Fung Ling Hiu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treating breast cancer has expanded in recent years. There was increased interest in using positron emission tomography (PET) for the evaluation of treatment response. We aimed to study the accuracy of metabolic complete response (mCR) on PET scan in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant treatment.Methods and ResultsBetween January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2019, 356 consecutive patients who completed neoadjuvant treatment underwent PET scan before surgery. 207 patients (58.1%) achieved mCR and 128 patients (36.0%) achieved pathologic CR. Among mCR patients, 101 (48.8%) had pCR. Among pCR patients, 27 (21%) did not achieve mCR on PET. The overall sensitivity of predicting pCR with mCR was 78.9% and specificity of 53.5%. The overall accuracy was 0.691 by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Analysis using mCR to predict breast/axilla pCR had a sensitivity of 76.2%/67.9%, specificity of 54%/62.1%, and AUC of 0.682/0.675, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were highest among HR−/HER2+ (87.1% and 57.1%), followed by HR+/HER2− (85% and 59.6%) and triple negative (82.1% and 54.1%) and the lowest were HR+/HER2+ (triple positive) (69.4% and 40.3%). There was little difference in sensitivity and specificity among the high and low Ki67 proliferation index (78.3% vs. 75% and 52.1% vs. 62.5%).ConclusionPET was useful in evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy especially in the HR−HER2+ subtype. However, its accuracy was not high enough to replace surgery.
Efficacy of prophylactic laxatives against opioid-induced constipation: retrospective propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Okuda Yuka , Kuriyama Toshiyuki , Tsukiyama Yoshi , Shimokawa Toshio , Wan Ke , Kawamata Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is problematic for patients with cancer receiving opioid therapy. Some guidelines recommend initiating regular laxatives at the same time as opioid analgesics. However, the effectiveness of prophylactic laxatives on OIC has not been widely demonstrated. We therefore examined the incidence of OIC among patients with and without prophylactic laxatives within one week after initiating strong opioid analgesics and the factors associated with the incidence of OIC.

Methods
Eligible patients were adults with cancer for whom strong opioid analgesics were initiated after admission and who remained hospitalized for over a week. Propensity score matching analysis was used to compare outcomes after adjusting for patient background.

Results
In total, 928 patients were enrolled, from which 536 were selected after propensity score matching analysis. The incidence of OIC in patients with prophylactic laxatives was not significantly different from that without prophylactic laxatives (48.1% vs 48.9%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69–1.36). In multivariable logistic analysis, age ≥ 65 years (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07–2.19) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥ 3 (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.04–2.77) were associated with a higher incidence of OIC.

Conclusion
Prophylactic laxatives did not affect the incidence of OIC in our study. Our results suggest that prophylactic laxatives are not necessarily required when initiating opioid therapy. In addition, we found that age ≥ 65 years and ECOG PS ≥ 3 were associated in our study with a higher incidence of OIC.
Large language model based mutations in genetic improvement
Authors: Brownlee Alexander E. I. , Callan James , Even-Mendoza Karine , Geiger Alina , Hanna Carol , Petke Justyna , Sarro Federica , Sobania Dominik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ever since the first large language models (LLMs) have become available, both academics and practitioners have used them to aid software engineering tasks. However, little research as yet has been done in combining search-based software engineering (SBSE) and LLMs. In this paper, we evaluate the use of LLMs as mutation operators for genetic improvement (GI), an SBSE approach, to improve the GI search process. In a preliminary work, we explored the feasibility of combining the Gin Java GI toolkit with OpenAI LLMs in order to generate an edit for the tool. Here we extend this investigation involving three LLMs and three types of prompt, and five real-world software projects. We sample the edits at random, as well as using local search. We also conducted a qualitative analysis to understand why LLM-generated code edits break as part of our evaluation. Our results show that, compared with conventional statement GI edits, LLMs produce fewer unique edits, but these compile and pass tests more often, with the model finding test-passing edits 77% of the time. The and LLMs are roughly equal in finding the best run-time improvements. Simpler prompts are more successful than those providing more context and examples. The qualitative analysis reveals a wide variety of areas where LLMs typically fail to produce valid edits commonly including inconsistent formatting, generating non-Java syntax, or refusing to provide a solution.
Revisited and Revalorised: Technological and Refitting Studies at the Middle Stone Age Open-Air Knapping Site Jojosi 1 (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)
Authors: Möller Gunther Heinz Dietrich , Mazel Aron David , Sommer Christian , Botha Gregory Allan , Conard Nicholas John , Riedesel Svenja , Will Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Middle Stone Age (MSA) of southern Africa is mainly known from rock shelters and caves. How early modern humans interacted with their landscapes remains comparatively understudied. The site of Jojosi 1, situated north of Nquthu in north central KwaZulu-Natal, is set within erosional badlands known locally as ‘dongas’. This locality offers a rare opportunity to study MSA technology and settlement dynamics in an open-air context. G. Botha initially discovered Jojosi 1 in 1991. He brought it to A. Mazel’s attention who excavated the site in the same year, but did not publish the lithic assemblage. Here, we report on the site’s rediscovery coupled with the first lithic analysis and luminescence dating. This work provides insights into the site formation processes of Jojosi 1 and lithic reduction strategies, raw material provisioning, and landscape use. Our techno-typological analysis draws upon Mazel’s collection of 7529 artefacts, combining attribute analysis and refitting studies. The results show the exclusive use of hornfels and its reduction via platform cores and Levallois methods to produce flakes and blades. Retouched tools are scarce and comprise mostly notched or denticulate pieces but lack backed tools, unifacial, and bifacial points. The museum collection features abundant small debitage and a strong component of cortical, initial stage, and core preparation flakes. The 48 refitted artefacts and ample small debitage in a spatially constricted band suggest high assemblage integrity with minimal post-depositional disturbance. Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of coarse grain feldspars brackets the archaeological occurrence to ~ 139–106 ka. Comparisons with contemporary lithic assemblages link the assemblage to the early MSA in southern Africa. We interpret Jojosi 1 as a knapping event aimed at blank production and exploitation of local high-quality hornfels. With little evidence for other behaviours, the site likely reflects a short-term knapping workshop on a source of abundant hornfels slabs. Our ongoing excavations in the Jojosi Dongas will be able to test this hypothesis and will work to characterise the technological adaptations and settlement dynamics of the MSA hunter-gatherers in this area.
Protective effects of sevoflurane conditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a review of evidence from animal and clinical studies
Authors: Lin Jiefu , Li Xia , Yang Yuhui , Ge Zhi-dong , Liu Danyong , Yang Changming , Zhang Liangqing , Xia Zhongyuan , Xia Zhengyuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pharmacological interventions with the inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane, widely used in cardiac surgery, have been reported to mimic the cardioprotection produced by ischemic conditioning against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Beneficial effects of sevoflurane conditioning vary with dose, time window and duration and have been reported in a variety of studies involving both laboratory experiments and clinical trials. However, sevoflurane conditioning effects are impaired or lost in subjects with diabetes in both laboratory and clinical settings with mechanisms incompletely understood. This article summarizes the major findings investigating sevoflurane-induced myocardial protection. Our aim is to provide a better understanding of the interrelated but poorly described sevoflurane conditioning signaling pathways. Moreover, this may facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic or preventive strategies for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.