bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and application of the 2019 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot risk stratification for diabetic foot in Chinese patients
Authors: Hu Xiling , Zhang Yao , Chen Yanming , Zhang Yin‐Ping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the validation and application of the 2019 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) risk stratification system among Chinese patients with diabetes.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out with 254 patients with diabetes, but without an active diabetic foot (DF) ulcer. Patients hospitalized from January to May 2017 were enrolled, and the follow‐up period was from January to May 2020. Patients were stratified into four risk groups based on the 2019 IWGDF risk stratification system.ResultsOf the 254 patients, four of 31 patients at risk 1 were diagnosed with DF within 3 years, whereas 12 of 26 patients at risk 2 and 16 of 20 patients at risk 3 developed DF. The area under the curve was 0.919 (P < 0.01, 95% confidence interval 0.893–0.945). Because DF risk 2 and greater (risk 2 + risk 3) was the optimal cut‐off point, we simplified the risk stratification system by using two tiers, namely, low risk (risk 0 + 1) and high risk (risk 2 + 3). For the simplified risk stratification system, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, percent agreement, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87.5%, 91.8%, 10.607, 91.3%, 60.8% and 98.1%, respectively. The χ2‐test showed that the odds ratio of the high‐risk group (risk 2 + 3) was 29.33‐fold that of the low‐risk group (risk 0 + 1).ConclusionsThe 2019 IWGDF risk stratification system showed high validity and primary screening value in Chinese patients with diabetes. Thus, a simplified, two‐tiered IWGDF stratification might be more efficient and cost‐effective for predicting DF ulcers.
The challenge of implementing environmental DNA metabarcoding to detect elasmobranchs in a resource‐limited marine protected area
Authors: Merten Cruz Marcelo , Sauvage Thomas , Chariton Anthony , de Freitas Thales Renato Ochotorena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElasmobranchs are threatened and eDNA metabarcoding is a powerful tool that can help efforts to better understand and conserve them. Nevertheless, the inter‐calibration between optimal methodological practices and its implementation in resource‐limited situations is still an issue. Based on promising results from recent studies, the authors applied a cost‐effective protocol with parameters that could be easily replicated by any conservationist. Nonetheless, the results with fewer elasmobranchs detected than expected reveal that endorsed primers and sampling strategies still require further optimization, especially for applications in resource‐limited conservation programmes.
Preparation of phosphorus‐doped cow milk‐derived carbon quantum dots and detection of Au3+
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Bo , Zhou Yue , Wu Yan , Sun Qi , Le Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new fluorescent probe based on phosphorus‐doped cow milk‐derived carbon quantum dots (P‐CMCQDs) for the detection of Au3+ was studied in water samples. P‐CMCQDs were prepared by hydrothermal method with cow milk as carbon source and phosphoric acid as dopant. P‐CMCQDs show green fluorescence under ultraviolet light and can be partially quenched by Au3+. However, the excellent fluorescence characteristics of P‐CMCQDs‐ascorbic acid (AA) were obtained and can be used to detect trace Au3+ by simply mixing the P‐CMCQDs with AA. The sensing mechanism is based on the reduction of Au3+ to AuNPs by P‐CMCQDs and AA, and then AuNPs induce the fluorescence quenching of P‐CMCQDs through synergistic static quenching and internal filtering effect. The fluorescence intensity of P‐CMCQDs‐AA varies with the concentration of Au3+ (10–140 μmol/L), the detection limit is 4.2 nmol/L, indicating that the P‐CMCQDS‐AA probe has excellent sensitivity. In the detection of Au3+ in tap water and lake water, it is found that the recovery is between 99.6% and 100.5%, and the relative standard deviation is between 1.7% and 3.2%. This method is fast, efficient, and sensitive, and can be used to detect Au3+ in actual water samples.Practical ApplicationsAlthough the element gold is chemically inert, soluble gold salts remaining in the environment in the form of ions are toxic and serious damage the peripheral nervous system, causing other health issues. Therefore, it seems necessary to design an efficient and sensitive method to detect Au3+ in environment. Among many detection methods, fluorescence sensing method is more suitable for on‐site, rapid detection. However, the complex system, high limit of detection and environmental pollution caused by metal luminescence limit its application. In this paper, the biomass P‐CMCQDs was synthesized from cow milk by hydrothermal method. By adding AA in the synthesized P‐CMCQDs, the limit of detection (LOD) was greatly improved, and the trace Au3+ detection in tap water and lake water was highly selective and sensitive.
The effectiveness of dance movement therapy for individuals with Down syndrome: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Takahashi H. , An M. , Sasai T. , Seki M. , Matsumura T. , Ogawa Y. , Matsushima K. , Tabata A. , Kato T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit deficits in static and dynamic balance abilities and maladaptive functions. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dance movement therapy (DMT) group intervention in individuals with DS.MethodsThe 31 participating individuals with DS, aged 5–29 years, were randomly divided into intervention (n = 16) and control (n = 15) groups. Posturography was used for static balance measurement, timed up and go test for dynamic balance measurement and the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) questionnaire for adaptive function and behavioural problem measurement in participants before and after the DMT interventions. The intervention group underwent 60‐min DMT intervention once a week for 10 times, while the control group had usual daily activities.ResultsThe results revealed a statistically significant difference and large effect sizes in dynamic balance [(f(1, 29) = 4.52, P = 0.04, ηp 2 = 0.14)] in the intervention group compared with the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in static balance and ASEBA scores between the groups.ConclusionsThis study found that the DMT interventions helped to improve the dynamic balance in individuals with DS.
Effects of a smartphone app‐based diet and physical activity program for men living with HIV who have dyslipidemia: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aomori Maki , Matsumoto Chiharu , Takebayashi Sanae , Matsuyama Nao , Uto Yukiko , Tanaka Miho , Samukawa Sei , Kato Hideaki , Nakajima Hideaki , Maeda Hitomi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsPeople living with HIV are at a high risk for cardiovascular disease owing to antiretroviral therapy use and chronic inflammation. There is limited evidence on the evaluation of serum lipid levels through lifestyle modification. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a smartphone application‐based diet and exercise improvement program on men living with HIV and dyslipidemia.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial recruiting Japanese men living with HIV who have dyslipidemia: intervention group (n = 19) and control group (n = 19). The intervention group received a third individual guidance session during the 6‐month intervention and was encouraged to record their diet on a smartphone application. An intention‐to‐treat analysis of the results was conducted.ResultsThe intervention group showed significantly reduced change in low‐density lipoprotein levels compared to the control group (−4.00 ± 20.2 mg/dL vs. 10.11 ± 21.1 mg/dL) (p = .042) from baseline to 6 months post‐intervention. No significant differences were found in other serum lipid levels. Abdominal circumference decreased significantly in the intervention group (p = .048) from baseline to 6 months post‐intervention. Total energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, and salt intake, dietary and physical activity behavior change stages and social support, dietary self‐efficacy, and loneliness significantly improved in the intervention group (p < .05) from baseline to 6 months post‐intervention.ConclusionsA diet and physical activity improvement program using a smartphone application based on Japanese‐specific health guidance may reduce low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in this population. Further sample expansion and examination of long‐term effects are needed.
Archean ultrahigh temperature event in the northwestern Superior Province, Canada: Metamorphic evolution and tectonic implications of the Pikwitonei Granulite Domain
Authors: Yin Changqing , Wang Xiaoman , Lin Shoufa , Couëslan Chris G. , Böhm Christian O. , Qian Jiahui , Zhang Jian , Xia Yanfei , Li Wenxuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Pikwitonei Granulite Domain (PGD), located in the northwestern Superior Province, is one of the largest Neoarchean high‐grade metamorphic domains in the world, and is a key to understanding the Neoarchean crustal evolution of the Superior Province. Here we report results of a study on ultrahigh temperature (UHT) granulites with a sapphirine + quartz‐bearing peak assemblage from the Sipiwesk Lake area in the PGD. Three stages of metamorphic assemblage development are recognized based on petrographic observations: Pre‐peak stage is marked by garnet, sillimanite, K‐feldspar, and biotite inclusions within sapphirine and orthopyroxene. Peak stage is charactered by the typical UHT associations of sapphirine + quartz and sapphirine + orthopyroxene. The retrograde stage is represented by the retrograde formation of cordierite, biotite and sillimanite in the matrix. Phase equilibrium modelling based on the bulk compositions of sapphirine‐bearing granulites suggest that the rocks have experienced extensional UHT metamorphism in excess of 1035°C at pressures of 7.9–9.0 kbar, followed by isobaric cooling process. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of metamorphic zircons in sapphirine‐bearing granulite record the timing of the UHT event in the PGD with a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 2681 ± 13 Ma. This study in combination with other metamorphic P–T paths and age information reveals that this UHT metamorphism at 2.68 Ga in PGD was generated by upwelling asthenosphere due to slab break‐off in collision during the amalgamation of the Superior Province.
Structural and proteomic repercussions of growth hormone receptor deficiency on the pituitary gland: Lessons from a translational pig model
Authors: Shashikadze Bachuki , Franzmeier Sophie , Hofmann Isabel , Kraetzl Martin , Flenkenthaler Florian , Blutke Andreas , Fröhlich Thomas , Wolf Eckhard , Hinrichs Arne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrowth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) results in low serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and high, but non‐functional serum growth hormone (GH) levels in human Laron syndrome (LS) patients and animal models. This study investigated the quantitative histomorphological and molecular alterations associated with GHRD. Pituitary glands from 6 months old growth hormone receptor deficient (GHR‐KO) and control pigs were analyzed using a quantitative histomorphological approach in paraffin (9 GHR‐KO [5 males, 4 females] vs. 11 controls [5 males, 6 females]), ultrathin sections tissue sections (3 male GHR‐KO vs. 3 male controls) and label‐free proteomics (4 GHR‐KO vs. 4 control pigs [2 per sex]). GHR‐KO pigs displayed reduced body weights (60% reduction in comparison to controls; p < .0001) and decreased pituitary volumes (54% reduction in comparison to controls; p < .0001). The volume proportion of the adenohypophysis did not differ in GHR‐KO and control pituitaries (65% vs. 71%; p = .0506) and GHR‐KO adenohypophyses displayed a reduced absolute volume but an unaltered volume density of somatotrophs in comparison to controls (21% vs. 18%; p = .3164). In GHR‐KO pigs, somatotroph cells displayed a significantly reduced volume density of granules (23.5%) as compared to controls (67.7%; p < .0001). Holistic proteome analysis of adenohypophysis samples identified 4660 proteins, of which 592 were differentially abundant between the GHR‐KO and control groups. In GHR‐KO samples, the abundance of somatotropin precursor was decreased, whereas increased abundances of proteins involved in protein production, transport and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were revealed. Increased protein production and secretion as well as significantly reduced proportion of GH‐storing granules in somatotroph cells of the adenohypophysis without an increase in volume density of somatotroph cells in the adenohypophysis could explain elevated serum GH levels in GHR‐KO pigs.
Elevated estradiol during a hormone simulated pseudopregnancy decreases sleep and increases hypothalamic activation in female Syrian hamsters
Authors: Irvine Abiola , Gaffney Maeve I. , Haughee Erin K. , Horton Marité A. , Morris Hailey C. , Harris Kagan C. , Corbin Jaclyn E. , Merrill Clara , Perlis Michael L. , Been Laura E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSleep disruptions are a common occurrence during the peripartum period. While physical and environmental factors associated with pregnancy and newborn care account for some sleep disruptions, there is evidence that peripartum fluctuations in estrogens may independently impact sleep. However, the impact of these large fluctuations in estrogens on peripartum sleep is unclear because it is difficult to tease apart the effects of estrogens on sleep from effects associated with the growth and development of the fetus or parental care. We therefore used a hormone‐simulated pseudopregnancy (HSP) in female Syrian hamsters to test the hypothesis that pregnancy‐like increases in estradiol decrease sleep in the absence of other factors. Adult female Syrian hamsters were ovariectomized and given daily hormone injections that simulate estradiol levels during early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and the postpartum period. Home cage video recordings were captured at seven timepoints and videos were analyzed for actigraphy. During “late pregnancy,” total sleep time and sleep efficiency were decreased in hormone‐treated animals during the white light period compared to pretest levels. Likewise, during “late pregnancy,” locomotion was increased in the white light period for hormone‐treated animals compared to pretest levels. These changes continued into the “postpartum period” for animals who continued to receive estradiol treatment, but not for animals who were withdrawn from estradiol. At the conclusion of the experiment, animals were euthanized and cFos expression was quantified in the ventral lateral preoptic area (VLPO) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). Animals who continued to receive high levels of estradiol during the “postpartum” period had significantly more cFos in the VLPO and LH than animals who were withdrawn from hormones or vehicle controls. Together, these data suggest that increased levels of estradiol during pregnancy are associated with sleep suppression, which may be mediated by increased activation of hypothalamic nuclei.
Palaeohistology reveals an unusual periodontium and tooth implantation in a filter‐feeding pterodactyloid pterosaur, Pterodaustro guinazui, from the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina
Authors: Cerda Ignacio A. , Codorniú Laura 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPterosaurs are an extinct group of Mesozoic flying reptiles, which exhibited high diversity with regard to their dentition. Although morphological features of pterosaur dentition have been described in detail in several contributions, the histology of tooth and tooth attachment tissues (i.e. periodontium) has been scarcely analysed to date for this clade. Here we describe and interpret the microstructure of the tooth and periodontium attachment tissues of Pterodaustro guinazui, a filter‐feeding pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina. The histological analysis of the lower jaw and its filamentous teeth verifies that the geometry of the implantation corresponds to an aulacodont condition (i.e. teeth are set in a groove with no interdental separation). This pattern departs from that recorded in other archosaurs, being possibly also present in other, non‐closely related, pterosaurs. Regarding tooth attachment, in contrast to other pterosaurs, there is no direct evidence for gomphosis in Pterodaustro (i.e. the absence of cementum, mineralized periodontal ligamentum and alveolar bone). Nevertheless, the current evidence for ankylosis is still not conclusive. Contrary to that reported for other archosaurs, replacement teeth are absent in Pterodaustro, which is interpreted as evidence for monophyodonty or diphyodonty in this taxon. Most of the microstructural features are possibly related to the complex filter‐feeding apparatus of Pterodaustro and does not appear to represent the general pattern of pterosaurs.
N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide, cardiactroponin‐I, and point‐of‐care ultrasound in dogs with cardiac and noncardiac causes of nonhemorrhagic ascites
Authors: Morey Alice G. N. , Lamb Kenneth E. , Karnia James J. , Wiggen Kelly E. , Lyons Bridget M. , Nafe Laura A. , Leach Stacey B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundNonhemorrhagic ascites (NHA) can be caused by cardiac diseases (cNHA) and noncardiac diseases (ncNHA). N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), cardiac troponin‐I (cTnI), and point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) may differentiate between cNHA and ncNHA.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe compared NT‐proBNP and cTnI concentrations as well as POCUS findings in dogs presented with cNHA and ncNHA.AnimalsDogs (n = 60) were enrolled based on identification of NHA with an effusion packed cell volume < 10%.MethodsBlood samples were collected and POCUS was performed on all dogs. Dogs were diagnosed with cNHA (n = 28) or ncNHA (n = 32) based on echocardiography. The cNHA group was subdivided into cardiac non‐pericardial disease (n = 17) and pericardial disease (n = 11).ResultsThe NT‐proBNP concentration (median; range pmol/L) was significantly higher in the cNHA group (4510; 250‐10 000) compared to the ncNHA group (739.5; 250‐10 000;P = .01), with a sensitivity of 53.8% and specificity of 85.7% using a cut‐off of 4092 pmol/L. The NT‐proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in the cardiac non‐pericardial disease group (8339; 282‐10 000) compared with the pericardial disease group (692.5; 250‐4928;P = .002). A significant difference in cTnI concentration (median; range ng/L) between the cNHA group (300; 23‐112 612) and ncNHA group (181; 17‐37 549) was not detected (P = .41). A significantly higher number of dogs had hepatic venous and caudal vena cava distension in the cNHA group compared to the ncNHA group, respectively (18/28 vs 3/29,P < .0001 and 13/27 vs 2/29,P < .001). Gall bladder wall edema was not significantly different between groups (4/28 vs 3/29,P = .74).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNT‐proBNP concentration and POCUS help distinguish between cNHA and ncNHA.
Comprehensive framework for integrated action on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of anemia: An introduction
Authors: Wilson Shelby E. , Rogers Lisa M. , Garcia‐Casal Maria Nieves , Barreix María , Bosman Andrea , Cunningham Jane , Goga Ameena , Montresor Antonio , Tunçalp Özge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) announced in 2021 a commitment to develop a comprehensive framework for integrated action on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of anemia and to establish an Anaemia Action Alliance to support the implementation of the framework. WHO commissioned four background papers to provide reflections about the most pressing issues to be addressed for accelerating reductions in the prevalence of anemia. Here, we provide a complete vision of the framework.
Moving through places: Trauma and dislocation in Elizabeth Bowen's The House in Paris
Authors: He Qiong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn The House in Paris, Elizabeth Bowen presents the traumatic spatial experience of dislocation and homelessness of a number of characters centered around an upper‐middle‐class woman, Karen Michaelis, who defies the spatial confinement imposed by the dominant ideology regarding women in the interwar period, but ultimately becomes traumatized due to her failed quest for a place of identity, of belonging. The existing scholarship on The House in Paris tends to read the motifs of trauma and place separately. Those critics exploring place mainly concentrate on the Parisian house and tend to regard it as a symbol of the past and entrapment (Kershner, 1986, 407; Lytovka, 2016, 40), while those studying trauma mainly center on the psychological aspects of trauma, investigating either the structure and effects of psychic trauma or the effects of trauma on the narration of the novel (Bennett & Royle, 1995, 43; Gildersleeve, 2014, 50). This essay argues that a fuller understanding of Bowen's writing of women's trauma in the interwar period in The House in Paris must examine how their trauma is related to spatial experience. Linking the temporal experience of trauma—especially forgetting and repetition—with the spatial experience of Karen and the characters around her unfolds the historical and social contexts behind trauma, that is, it is impossible for women to rebel against the national ideology of womanhood embodied by her family home and to find a place of dwelling. For Bowen the voyage of the subjectivity of women in the interwar period merely renders her protagonists traumatized rather than enabling them to find an attachment to place. So detrimental is the effect that it is impossible for them to “work through” their trauma.
Eco‐evolutionary implications for a possible contribution of cuticle hardening system in insect evolution and terrestrialisation
Authors: Asano Tsunaki , Hashimoto Kosei , Everroad R. Craig 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreviously we proposed one aspect of how insects could adapt to terrestrial environments during their evolution. The hypothesis is based on a theory that insects have evolved an insect‐specific system for cuticle formation mediated by an insect‐specific enzyme. This enzyme, multicopper oxidase‐2 (MCO2), catalyses the oxidation of catecholamines using molecular oxygen as the acceptor of electrons from the substrates. A potential advantage of this MCO2‐mediated system is the utilization of molecular oxygen abundant in the atmosphere, which is different from the case in crustaceans (close relatives of insects) that utilize calcium ions. Accumulation of calcium ions leads to an increase in weight, but the lightweight cuticle without calcification might have been a critical factor enabling insects to evolve flight first in the history of Metazoa. Our theory also provides a simple explanation to a long‐standing question of why insects are so rare in marine environments. In previous reviews, we have mainly focused on the details of the biochemical processes occurring in arthropod cuticles, but here only the essence of our theory is extracted and briefly summarized with newly added information.