bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENTINGNYA PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN DEMAM TYPHOID ANAK
Authors: Juniah  , Arianti Merry 
Published: March 2023

Demam thypoid merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menyerang saluran pencernaan sehingga terdapat infeksi usus halus yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhii. dan masih merupakan penyakit endemik di Indonesia. Salmonella typi adalah salah satu bakteri gram negatif yang menyebabkan demam thipoid. World Health Organization (WHO) diperkirakan 11-20 juta orang jatuh sakit karena tifus dan sekitar 128.000 sampai 161.000 orang meninggal karenanya setiap tahun. Penyakit ini banyak dijumpai di daerah yang kekurangan air bersih dan kurang bersihnya sanitasi lingkungan. Penyebab penyakit ini juga bisa muncul dari makanan yang tidak sehat. Salah satu penyebab peningkatan adalah kurangnya pengetahuan, sehingga perlu dilakukan edukasi kesehatan secara tatap muka. Tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan orangtua tentang demam thypoid di TK Tunas Ceria Kota Bandar Lampung. Pengabdian ini di ikuti 27 orangtua dengan karakteristik usia responden antara 15-30 tahun, jenis kelamin 100% perempuan, pekerjaan 16,7% guru, 50,3% ibu rumah tangga, dan 67% buruh. Rata-rata Untuk persentase peningkatan pengetahuan tentang demam thypoid menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 72,96 %. Kesimpulan pemberian edukasi kesehatan berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan orangtua tentang penyakit Demam thypoid.
PROCESOS DE INNOVACIÓN AGROECOLÓGICA CAMPESINA EN COLOMBIA: EJEMPLOS DE AUTOGESTIÓN DEL DESARROLLO DESDE LA BASE
Authors: Yinet Camargo Calderón Angela , Acevedo Osorio Álvaro 
Published: March 2023

En Colombia la práctica de la agroecología, se caracteriza por desarrollar procesos autónomos de innovación local; sin embargo, estos suelen ser practicadas por comunidades o agricultores aislados, lo cual limita su capacidad transformadora a una escala mayor. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar experiencias de innovación campesina de base agroecológica representativas en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta su origen, implicaciones técnicas, condiciones organizativas y el conjunto de valores implícitos en los impulsores de dichos procesos de co-creación, para derivar aprendizajes útiles para su eventual escalamiento. Se obtuvo información de 51 experiencias de base agroecológica consultando el portal web de la Revista Semillas. La información colectada fue procesada usando el programa Atlas-Ti 7.5, tomando en cuenta las etapas y dimensiones propuestas en un Modelo Conceptual para el Proceso de Innovación. Se destaca que estos procesos emergen al contar con un conjunto de valores que promueva la autoestima y la creación de comunidad que constituyen la base de estos procesos de innovación. Las experiencias analizadas demuestran la capacidad de los enfoques basados en construir agroecología con la gente para convertirse en referentes para futuros programas que pretendan fortalecer las formas de agricultura campesina, desde un enfoque de autogestión.
La Fabrique de la ville face aux défis sociétaux et environnementaux : le cas de Porto
Authors: Rebelo Sandrine , Hamdouch Abdelillah , Carrière Jean-Paul 
Published: March 2023

Les villes sont aujourd’hui confrontées à des défis qui leur imposent de revoir leurs choix de planification urbaine. Au-delà des enjeux d’adaptation au changement climatique, la fabrique de la ville est également bousculée par la révolution numérique et les changements des modes d’habiter, de travail, de mobilité. Cette nouvelle donne ouvre de fait sur un impératif de transformation mais aussi sur de réelles opportunités d’innovation pour concevoir une ville plus résiliente et durable. Après un examen des enjeux de transformation auxquels sont confrontées les dynamiques urbaines actuelles, l’article analyse le cas de la ville de Porto (deuxième métropole portugaise), notamment dans trois domaines cruciaux : l’habitat, l’environnement et les mobilités urbaines. L’étude s’appuie sur une documentation importante issue des plans et projets de la ville, et sur la réalisation de dix-neuf entretiens semi-directifs avec des acteurs clés de l’urbanisme. S’il est difficile d’affirmer que ce cas présente une valeur paradigmatique, il offre en revanche des exemples d’opérations d’aménagement urbain illustrant des évolutions concrètes dans la fabrique d’une ville plus durable, et témoigne à travers son nouveau Plan Directeur Municipal d’une approche renouvelée de la planification urbaine.
La mesure et le sens : le défi de la reddition de comptes en intervention sociale
Authors: Lachapelle René 
Published: March 2023

Face à l’impératif des redditions de comptes, cet article se propose de mettre en lumière des stratégies susceptibles de permettre à la fois la mesure des résultats et la prise en compte de la dimension relationnelle de toute intervention sociale. La crise de la pandémie a mis en évidence la part congrue réservée à la relation empathique constitutive des interventions avec des personnes et des communautés. La nouvelle gestion publique a façonné au cours des dernières décennies l’exigence du court terme, tant dans le soutien à des projets que dans l’évaluation des résultats attendus. Pourtant, la mise en évidence du sens qui inspire les interventions de proximité et l’ancrage territorial des projets repose sur la prise en compte de la durée longue et passe par le discours des personnes concernées. L’enjeu est d’abord politique : sortir des impératifs de la nouvelle gestion publique exige une action de l’État. Est-il possible d’envisager des stratégies susceptibles de faire reculer l’idéologie gestionnaire et de mettre en valeur le sens de l’intervention sociale?
Un fétiche devenant le berger d’un enfant
Authors: Cros Michèle 
Published: March 2023

Un fétiche du pays lobi, au Burkina Faso, est devenu le berger d’un enfant blanc qui se trouve être aussi celui de l’ethnologue, autrice de cet article. Ces deux existants, l’enfant et le fétiche, s’appellent Toulou. Quand et comment un tel entremêlement est-il advenu ? Quelles en sont les modalités pratiques? Un cahier empli de dessins réalisés par un devin Lobi permet d’appréhender cette alliance d’actants témoignant d’une insolite communauté de destins. Il y est relaté un épisode particulier, scellé par l’animisme. On y découvre une initiation imagée à la voyance mettant en exergue une subjectivité autre qu’humaine dont ne cessent de faire preuve des fétiches qu’il convient d’abreuver de sang sacrificiel.
Les créatures psychomorphes et les éclipses du réel : la migration des oiseaux
Authors: La Chance Michaël 
Published: March 2023

Seule l’éventualité de créatures fictives nous permet d’envisager un point de vue qui permet de considérer la diversité des formes d’intelligences animales et, plus spécifiquement, les stratégies cognitives qui permettent aux oiseaux migrateurs de s’orienter dans l’espace. Notre enquête nous conduit des fous de Bassan de l’île Bonaventure jusqu’aux bernaches du Canada (outardes) du Saguenay. Cela ne peut s’expliquer par des cartes échographiques ou des organes magnétosensibles : cela requiert la fiction de créatures psychomorphes et d’une délocalisation de la psyché.
Metabolomic responses to the mechanical wounding of Catharanthus roseus’ upper leaves
Authors: Chen Qi , Jin Yan , Guo Xiaorui , Xu Mingyuan , Wei Guanyun , Lu Xueyan , Tang Zhonghua 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Plant secondary metabolites are used to treat various human diseases. However, it is difficult to produce a large number of specific metabolites, which largely limits their medicinal applications. Many methods, such as drought and nutrient application, have been used to induce the biosynthetic production of secondary metabolites. Among these secondary metabolite-inducing methods, mechanical wounding maintains the composition of secondary metabolites with little potential risk. However, the effects of mechanical stress have not been fully investigated, and thus this method remains widely unused.

Methods
In this study, we used metabolomics to investigate the metabolites produced in the upper and lower leaves of Catharanthus roseus in response to mechanical wounding.

Results
In the upper leaves, 13 different secondary metabolites (three terpenoid indole alkaloids and 10 phenolic compounds) were screened using an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot. The mechanical wounding of different plant parts affected the production of secondary metabolites. Specifically, when lower leaves were mechanically wounded, the upper leaves became a strong source of resources. Conversely, when upper leaves were injured, the upper leaves themselves became a resource sink. Changes in the source-sink relationship reflected a new balance between resource tradeoff and the upregulation or downregulation of certain metabolic pathways.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that mechanical wounding to specific plant parts is a novel approach to increase the biosynthetic production of specific secondary metabolites. These results indicate the need for a reevaluation of production practices for secondary metabolites from select commercial plants.
Detection of Soil-transmitted Helminths and their Risk Factors in Some Local Government Primary Schools Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed K. , Iduh M. U. , Sani M. , Mohammed Y. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths are among the neglected tropical disease parasites of humans and one of the major public health burdens in developing countries, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that about 1.5 billion people are affected worldwide.
Aims: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Soil-transmitted helminths infection among primary school children.
Study Design: This was a cross sectional, descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among primary school children within the age of 4-15 years old in Sokoto South, Wamakko, Yabo and Dange Shuni local government areas of Sokoto State from February 2021 to July 2021.
Methodology: Faecal samples of 252 children were collected and analyzed using formol-ether concentration technique.
Results: An overall prevalence of 6.0% was recorded. Differential prevalence of parasite species showed 6.7% Ascaris lumbricoide, and 93.3% hookworm infection. There was high prevalence among Males (7.2%) than Females (4.0%). The age group 10-12 has the high prevalence of 9.8%. The high prevalence of 9.5% was obtained in Yabo and Sokoto South respectively. Tap water and water closet users have the lowest prevalence of 5.3%. High prevalence of 33.3% was recorded among borehole users contaminated with soil.
Conclusion: The total low prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths may be as a result of improved awareness of the Soil-transmitted helminths in the study area. The government, non-government agencies should help in the provision of social amenities to ensure the total eradication of these diseases. The teaching of health education in both private and public schools should be encouraged by the government.
Rethinking the Role of Excess/Residual Lead Iodide in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao You , Raza Hasan , Zhang Zhengping , Chen Wei , Liu Zonghao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is widely believed that excess/residual lead iodide (PbI2) can affect the performance of perovskite solar cells . Moderate PbI2 can enhance efficiency by passivating defects, while extremely active PbI2 leads to non‐negligible hysteresis effects and reduces device stability. Although several efforts are made to investigate the role of excess PbI2, its impact is still underestimated. Recent advances further demonstrate the extraordinary potential of modifying excess PbI2; however, a comprehensive study is required to obtain a deeper understanding. Herein, the important breakthroughs regarding excess PbI2 are reviewed and the mechanism of excess PbI2 in terms of efficiency and stability is rethought. In addition, the origins, verification, and regulation of residual PbI2 are summarized.
Mechanistic Understanding of Alkali‐Metal‐Ion Effect on Defect State in SrTiO3 During the Defect Engineering for Boosting Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Fang Fan , Su Zhiyuan , Li Xue , Xu Fang , Lv Yanqi , Sun Ruixue , Li Jinghan , Qin Yalei , Chang Kun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDecreasing the Ti3+ defect concentration in SrTiO3 is recognized as the focus of seeking a perfect photocatalytic activity. However, the defect‐engineered SrTiO3 by doping different low‐valence metal ions have no similarly good activity in overall water spitting, of which the reason has not been determined. Here, Na+, K+, and Cs are deliberately doped in SrTiO3 to obtain a close low‐level concentration of Ti3+ defect for comparison. An interesting phenomenon is found that the K‐doped SrTiO3 has a higher Ti3+ concentration than others but with a better intrinsic photocatalytic activity. The analysis of band structure and charge‐carriers behavior indicates the formation of a deep‐state defect in Na or Cs‐doped SrTiO3, leading to a decrease in photocatalytic activity. With the density functional theory calculation and synchrotron radiation characterization, the differences in A‐site‐metal ionic polarization are found to localize some defect charge, accompanied by uneven structural relaxation. As a result, the deep‐state defect can form in the area containing some group of atoms around the higher‐polarization metal ions, limiting the activity. This study further complements the important effect of doping ions on defect state in addition to the Ti3+ defect concentration in theory, for designing defect engineering in SrTiO3.
Keeping It Organized: Multicompartment Constructs to Mimic Tissue Heterogeneity
Authors: Sanchez‐Rubio Alvaro , Jayawarna Vineetha , Maxwell Emily , Dalby Matthew J. , Salmeron‐Sanchez Manuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTissue engineering aims at replicating tissues and organs to develop applications in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, by engineering artificial constructs using functional materials and cells to provide both physiological form and function. In vitro, by engineering three‐dimensional (3D) models to support drug discovery and enable understanding of fundamental biology. 3D culture constructs mimic cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and use biomaterials seeking to increase the resemblance of engineered tissues with its in vivo homologues. Native tissues, however, include complex architectures, with compartmentalized regions of different properties containing different types of cells that can be captured by multicompartment constructs. Recent advances in fabrication technologies, such as micropatterning, microfluidics or 3D bioprinting, have enabled compartmentalized structures with defined compositions and properties that are essential in creating 3D cell‐laden multiphasic complex architectures. This review focuses on advances in engineered multicompartment constructs that mimic tissue heterogeneity. It includes multiphasic 3D implantable scaffolds and in vitro models, including systems that incorporate different regions emulating in vivo tissues, highlighting the emergence and relevance of 3D bioprinting in the future of biological research and medicine.
5 nm Ultrathin Crystalline Ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE)‐Brush Tuned for Hysteresis‐Free Sub 60 mV dec−1 Negative‐Capacitance Transistors
Authors: Cho Hyunmin , Jin Hye‐Jin , Lee Sol , Jeon Seungbae , Cho Yongjae , Park Sam , Jang Myeongjin , Widiapradja Livia Janice , Ryu Du Yeol , Park Ji Hoon , Kim Kwanpyo , Im Seongil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNegative‐capacitance field‐effect transistors (NC‐FETs) have gathered enormous interest as a way to reduce subthreshold swing (SS) and overcome the issue of power dissipation in modern integrated circuits. For stable NC behavior at low operating voltages, the development of ultrathin ferroelectrics (FE), which are compatible with the industrial process, is of great interest. Here, a new scalable ultrathin ferroelectric polymer layer is developed based on trichloromethyl (CCl3)‐terminated poly(vinylidene difluoride‐co‐trifloroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) to achieve the state‐of‐the‐art performance of NC‐FETs. The crystalline phase of 5–10 nm ultrathin P(VDF‐TrFE) is prepared on AlOX by a newly developed brush method, which enables an FE/dielectric (DE) bilayer. FE/DE thickness ratios are then systematically tuned at ease to achieve ideal capacitance matching. NC‐FETs with optimized FE/DE thickness at a thickness limit demonstrate hysteresis‐free operation with an SS of 28 mV dec−1 at ≈1.5 V, which competes with the best reports. This P(VDF‐TrFE)‐brush layer can be broadly adapted to NC‐FETs, opening an exciting avenue for low‐power devices.
Toughening Double‐Network Hydrogels by Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Yang Yuxuan , Li Meng , Shang Qinghua , Xie Ruilin , Yu Jing , Shen Kaixiang , Zhang Yanfeng , Cheng Yilong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Hoffmeister effect of inorganic salts is verified as a promising way to toughen hydrogels, however, the high concentration of inorganic salts may be accompanied by poor biocompatibility. In this work, it is found that polyelectrolytes can obviously elevate the mechanical performances of hydrogels through the Hoffmeister effect. The introduction of anionic poly(sodium acrylate) into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel induces the aggregation and crystallization of the PVA to boost the mechanical properties of the resulting double‐network hydrogel: elevation of 73, 64, 28, 135, and 19 times in the tensile strength, compressive strength, Young's modulus, toughness, and fracture energy compared with poly(acrylic acid), respectively. It is noteworthy that the mechanical performances of the hydrogels can be flexibly tuned by the variation of polyelectrolyte concentration, ionization degree, relative hydrophobicity of the ionic component, and polyelectrolyte type in a wide range. This strategy is verified to work for other Hoffmeister‐effect‐sensitive polymers and polyelectrolytes. Also, the introduction of urea bonds into the polyelectrolyte can further improve the mechanical properties and antiswelling capability of hydrogels. As a biomedical patch, the advanced hydrogel can efficiently inhibit hernia formation and promote the regeneration of soft tissues in an abdominal wall defect model.
Ecofriendly Polymer–Graphene‐Based Conductive Ink for Multifunctional Printed Electronics
Authors: Joshi Shalik Ram , Kumar Sumit , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ongoing research on printed and flexible electronics is primarily focused on conductive three‐dimensional (3D) print patterning. However, due to the nonhomogeneous distribution of conductive elements in a polymer matrix and their tendency to shrink, 3D‐printed patterns often suffer from low‐printing accuracies and poor mechanical and electrical properties. Herein, poly(vinyl butyral‐co‐vinyl alcohol‐co‐vinyl acetate) (PVBVA) is reinforced with microwave‐exfoliated graphene to develop a conductive ink for 3D printing. Compared with the pure PVBVA patterns, the PVBVA/graphene patterns exhibit a high‐electrical conductivity, a twofold enhancement in tensile strength, an improved printing accuracy, and a high stability because of the graphene addition. The PVBVA/graphene inks flow well during the printing; loading of up to 0.1 wt% graphene in the PVBVA gel results in notable changes in the rheological properties of the ink. The printed conductive patterns show a high flexibility suitable for wearable electronics. Additionally, multifunctional electronic operations such as photoinduced heating, temperature sensing, and motion sensing are possible. This study may pave the way for the development of a new class of smart wearable electronics for healthcare and soft robotics.
Engineering Escherichia coli to Utilize Erythritol as Sole Carbon Source
Authors: Ba Fang , Ji Xiangyang , Huang Shuhui , Zhang Yufei , Liu Wan‐Qiu , Liu Yifan , Ling Shengjie , Li Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractErythritol, one of the natural sugar alcohols, is widely used as a sugar substitute sweetener in food industries. Humans themselves are not able to catabolize erythritol and their gut microbes lack related catabolic pathways either to metabolize erythritol. Here, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is engineered to utilize erythritol as sole carbon source aiming for defined applications. First, the erythritol metabolic gene cluster is isolated and the erythritol‐binding transcriptional repressor and its DNA‐binding site are experimentally characterized. Transcriptome analysis suggests that carbohydrate metabolism‐related genes in the engineered E. coli are overall upregulated. In particular, the enzymes of transaldolase (talA and talB) and transketolase (tktA and tktB) are notably overexpressed (e.g., the expression of tktB is improved by nearly sixfold). By overexpression of the four genes, cell growth can be increased as high as three times compared to the cell cultivation without overexpression. Finally, engineered E. coli strains can be used as a living detector to distinguish erythritol‐containing soda soft drinks and can grow in the simulated intestinal fluid supplemented with erythritol. This work is expected to inspire the engineering of more hosts to respond and utilize erythritol for broad applications in metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and biomedical engineering.
Predicting the shape, size, and placement of adult human pubic symphyses
Authors: Adegboyega Mayowa T. , Jhanjar Sara , Grote Mark N. , Weaver Timothy D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesWhen reconstructing fossil pelves, the articulation of the pelvic bones largely relies on subjective decisions by researchers. Different positionings at the pubic symphysis can affect the overall morphology of the pelvis and the subsequent biological interpretation associated with that individual or species. This study aims to reduce this subjectivity using quantitative models to predict pubic symphysis morphology.MethodsWe collected 3D landmarks and semilandmarks on the pubic symphysis and adjacent aspects on the CT scans of 103 adults. Using geometric morphometrics we, (1) quantified pubic symphysis morphology, (2) trained simple and two‐stage least‐squares linear regression models to predict pubic symphysis shape, and (3) assessed the shape variation in the sample. The model with the lowest prediction error was identified as the best model. Principal components analysis was used to explore the effects of each variable on shape and hypothetical shapes were generated from the model to illustrate these effects.ResultsThe best model is a two‐stage least‐squares model that predicts pubic symphysis size at the first stage using additive effects of sex and age, then subsequently interacts pubic symphysis size with sex and age at the second stage to predict pubic symphysis shape. Other models with low prediction errors included variables reflecting pelvic size and breadth.ConclusionLinear regression modeling can be used to systematically predict pubic symphysis morphology. This method can be used in addition to other techniques to improve fossil reconstructions by more accurately estimating the morphology of this region of the pelvis.