bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fus3/Kss1‐MAP kinase and Ste12‐like control distinct biocontrol‐traits besides regulation of insect cuticle penetration via phosphorylation cascade in a filamentous fungal pathogen
Authors: Zhao Xin , Jiang Yahui , Wang Huifang , Lu Zhuoyue , Huang Shuaishuai , Luo Zhibing , Zhang Liuyi , Lv Ting , Tang Xiaohan , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHomolog of the yeast Fus3/Kss1 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and its target transcription factor, Ste12‐like, are involved in penetration of host cuticle/pathogenicity in many ascomycete pathogens. However, details of their interaction during fungal infection, as well as their controlled other virulence‐associated traits, are unclear.RESULTSSte12‐like (BbSte12) and Fus3/Kss1 MAPK homolog (Bbmpk1) interacted in nucleus, and phosphorylation of BbSte12 by Bbmpk1 was essential for penetration of insect cuticle in an insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana. However, some distinct biocontrol‐traits were found to be mediated by Ste12 and Bbmpk1. In contrast to ΔBbmpk1 colony that grew more rapid than wild‐type strain, inactivation of BbSte12 resulted in the opposite phenotype, which was consistent with their different proliferation rates in insect hemocoel after direct injection of conidia bypass the cuticle. Reduced conidial yield with decreased hydrophobicity was examined in both mutants, however they displayed distinct conidiogenesis, accompanying with differently altered cell cycle, distinct hyphal branching and septum formation. Moreover, ΔBbmpk1 showed increased tolerance to oxidative agent, whereas the opposite phenotype was seen for ΔBbSte12 strain. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Bbmpk1 controlled 356 genes depending on BbSte12 during cuticle penetration, but 1077 and 584 genes were independently controlled by Bbmpk1 and BbSte12.CONCLUSIONBbSte12 and Bbmpk1 separately participate in additional pathways for control of conidiation, growth and hyphal differentiation, as well as oxidative stress response besides regulating cuticle penetration via phosphorylation cascade. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A model‐based meta analysis study of sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Yao Xueting , Zhou Jiawei , Song Ling , Ren Yupeng , Hu Pei , Liu Dongyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) agent sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors show special benefits in reducing body weight and heart failure risks. To accelerate clinical development for novel SGLT2 inhibitors, a quantitative relationship among pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and disease end points (PK/PD/end points) in healthy subjects and patients with T2DM was developed. PK/PD/end point data in published clinical studies for three globally marketed SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin) were collected according to pre‐set criteria. Overall, 80 papers with 880 PK, 27 PD, 848 fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and 1219 hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) data were collected. A two‐compartmental model with Hill's equation was utilized to capture PK/PD profiles. A novel translational biomarker, the change of urine glucose excretion (UGE) from baseline normalized by FPG (ΔUGEc) was identified to bridge healthy subjects and patients with T2DM with different disease statuses. ΔUGEc was found to have a similar maximum increase with different half‐maximal effective concentration values of 56.6, 2310, and 841 mg/mL·h for dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin respectively. ΔUGEc will change FPG based on linear function. HbA1c profiles were captured by indirect response model. Additional placebo effect was also considered for both end points. The PK/ΔUGEc/FPG/HbA1c relationship was validated internally using diagnostic plots and visual assessment and further validated externally using the fourth globally approved same‐in‐class drug (ertugliflozin). This validated quantitative PK/PD/end point relationship offers novel insight into long‐term efficacy prediction for SGLT2 inhibitors. The novelty identified ΔUGEc could make the comparison of different SGLT2 inhibitors' efficacy characteristics easier, and achieve early prediction from healthy subjects to patients.
A novel criterion based on continuous ranked probability score for performance evaluation of control charts
Authors: Zhou Panpan , Wang Wei , Lin Dennis K. J. , Liu Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRun length distributions are generally used to characterize the performance of a control chart in signaling alarms when a process is out‐of‐control. Since it is usually difficult to directly compare distributions, statistics of the run length distribution are commonly adopted as the performance criteria in practice. Particularly, the average run length (ARL) and its extended versions play a dominant role. However, due to the skewness of the run length distribution, the ARL cannot accurately reflect the central tendency and may be misleading in some cases. In order to comprehensively summarize the information of the run length distribution, a novel criterion is proposed based on the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS). The CRPS‐based criterion measures the difference between the run length distribution and the ideal constant value 0 for the run length. It has advantages of easy computation and good interpretability. Furthermore, theoretical properties and geometric representation guarantee that the CRPS‐based criterion is statistically consistent, informative of both first and second moments of the run length distribution, and robust to extreme values. Results of numerical experiments show that the proposed criterion favors control charts with higher probability to detect outliers earlier, and is a superior metric for characterizing the run length distribution.
A study of two‐dimensional coronene fractal structures with M‐polynomials
Authors: Hakami Khalil Hadi , Ahmad Ali , Azeem Muhammad , Husain Sadia , Koam Ali N. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe intriguing properties of polycyclic structure known as benzenoid hydrocarbons, which are unsaturated and totally conjugated molecules with hexagonal rings, continue to entice researchers to investigate their chemical and physical molecular structure with reference to aromaticity. To correlate important molecular structural attributes such as enthalpy, melting, boiling point, and cyclicity, numerical descriptors or topological indices which have been used for decades, for variety of two and three dimensional chemical structures networks or graphs with vital physicochemical properties. To determine the degree‐based topological indices, in this study, the degrees of the chemical structure or graph of the molecule under examination are utilized. In molecular graph theory, M‐polynomial is a relatively recent approach for investigating chemical networks and structures. It shows numerical descriptors in algebraic form and highlights molecular properties as a polynomial function. In this study, we propose a polynomials presentation of two‐dimensional coronene fractal structures and compute numerous M‐polynomials, including the M‐polynomials of the first and second Zagreb indexes, as well as the Randic index.
Pleural fluid milkshakes: three cases with different aetiologies
Authors: Huan Nai‐Chien , Tan Hooi Ann , Ramarmuty Hema Yamini , Ponnuvelu Subramaniam , Letcheminan Shivaanand , Sivaraman Kannan Kunji Kannan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn clinical practice, chylothorax is usually suspected in any patient with milky pleural fluid. However, contrary to popular belief, milky appearance of pleural fluid is seen in less than half of patients with chylothorax. A high index of suspicion for chylothorax is therefore needed in any turbid, bloody, or serosanguinous effusions of unclear aetiology. In this case series, we present three patients with biochemically proven chylothorax: each with a different presentation, pleural fluid appearance, underlying cause, management strategy and clinical outcome. The first patient developed ‘milky’ chylothorax secondary to lymphoma while the second patient's ‘yellow’ chylothorax is related to pleural tuberculosis. The final patient suffered from ‘pink’ chylothorax in the setting of systemic amyloidosis. In each of the cases, prompt diagnosis of chylothorax followed by efforts to elucidate the underlying cause are crucial steps to guide subsequent management with the main aim to ensure a better clinical outcome.
Isolation and Characterization of Fractionated Cellulose from Madhuca indica
Authors: Roat Priyanka , Hada Sonal , Chechani Bhawna , Prasher Parteek , Singh Rawat Devendra , Kumar Yadav Dinesh , Kumar Sanjay , Kumari Neetu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study proposes valorization of Mahua (Madhuca indica) seed cake for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to provide a sustainable and low‐cost precursor material to produce nano biomaterials aiming a sustainable conversion of waste material to value‐added products. The raw material was subjected to bleaching and alkali treatment to obtain cellulose, followed by acid hydrolysis for the isolation of CNC. The resultant nanocrystals were characterized for structural changes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FTIR results showed progressive removal of non‐cellulosic components such as hemicellulose and lignin. This rendered CNCs with a 35 % yield along with higher crystallinity index of 85 % as determined by XRD. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that isolated CNCs have higher thermal stability (>200 °C). SEM images showed that the CNCs exhibit ultrafine microfibers like structures.
Fabricating Superhydrophobic Protective Films with Enhanced Self‐Cleaning and Anti‐Corrosion Properties through Multiple Anodic Oxidations on Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Liu Enhong , Zhou Yuqin , Zhao Shuang , Hao Jiashuo , Hu Yang , Su Yuyu , Han Jianhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of aluminum (Al) alloys with superb anti‐corrosion and self‐cleaning properties for prolonging the working life and reducing maintenance cost is a hot topic of concern. Since anodic oxidation has been proven to be an effective technique to prepare micro or nanostructures on Al alloys surface, this study proposes a novel and scalable multiple anodic oxidations method with gradient current densities for fabricating hierarchical micro‐nanostructure film with appropriate roughness on Al alloys, while the SiO2‐silane film reduced the surface free energy and enhanced the surface chemical inert state. As expected, the surface of Al alloys modified with the multiple anodic oxidations and SiO2‐silane film has the most substantial hydrophobic properties, with contact angle up to 166°, rolling angle as low as 3.17° and excellent non‐sticking effect of water droplets. This method enables the Al alloys surface to have excellent self‐cleaning performance and corrosion resistance with protection efficiency up to 98.81 %. This multiple anodic oxidations method has a wide range of references for the modulation of micro‐nanostructure on Al alloys surface and other metallic substrates to assemble superhydrophobic protective films.
Evaluating the Anti‐Gastric Ulcer Activity ofAegle marmelos: A Brief Review
Authors: Zaib Sumera , Javed Hira , Ogaly Hanan A. , Khan Imtiaz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGastric ulcer is a deep hole in the stomach wall that penetrates the entire mucosa. About 10 % of the world population suffers from gastrointestinal tract disorders frequently known as gastric ulcers. Synthetic drugs are used to prevent gastric ulcers by suppressing the formation of gastric acid or stopping bacterial infections, however, these synthetic drugs have a number of harmful effects. Therefore, drug candidates with improved potency and minimal toxicity are crucial for the treatment and management of gastric ulcers. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the medicinal potential of plants and their ability to treat gastric ulcers. There is an urgent need for herbal remedies to treat ulcers, andAegle marmelospresents a better option due to scientifically proven antibacterial and antiulcer properties. In this context,A. marmeloshighlights various benefits including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is well known that every component ofA. marmeloshas therapeutic and medical use. The two main causes of stomach ulcers areHelicobacter pyloriand NSAIDs.A. marmelosshows strong antioxidant and antiulcer effects and guard againstH. pylori‐caused ulcers on the stomach mucosa by inhibiting secretory factors and activating antioxidant processes.
Impact of Hydrogen‐Bond Surrogate Model on Helix Stabilization and Development of Protein‐Protein Interaction Inhibitors
Authors: Pal Sunit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtein‐protein interactions (PPIs) involved in several diseases are predominantly mediated through short helical peptides. Unlike small molecules, due to the extended surface, the chemically constrained peptides with proper helical conformation can modulate the PPIs and thus contribute to the future drug developments. Several model systems have been introduced in the past to induce the helical structure in short peptides. Incorporating the unnatural constraints by various protocols has been excellent in biasing helical conformation and improving the proteolytic stability and the cell permeability of peptides. Hydrogen‐bond surrogate (HBS) is one of such well‐known protocols to mimic helical surfaces in numerous peptide sequences. Unlike ‘Stapled’ peptides, HBS‐model replaces the main‐chain i+4→i hydrogen bonding interaction with a covalent surrogate and retains the side‐chain functionality intact, which is beneficial for targeting multi‐faced PPIs. This review focuses on the chemistry behind the development of the HBS‐stabilized peptides, its biophysical characterizations, and numerous biological applications. Furthermore, this review will provide a broad overview of the HBS‐model to attract chemical biologists to target multifaced ‘difficult’ PPIs.
Nanoscale Organization of TRAIL Trimers using DNA Origami to Promote Clustering of Death Receptor and Cancer Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Ma Nana , Cheng Keman , Feng Qingqing , Liu Guangna , Liang Jie , Ma Xiaotu , Chen Zhiqiang , Lu Yichao , Wang Xinwei , He Wei , Xu Hu , Wu Shan , Zou Jiajia , Shi Quanwei , Nie Guangjun , Zhao Xiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThrough inducing death receptor (DR) clustering to activate downstream signaling, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) trimers trigger apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the poor agonistic activity of current TRAIL‐based therapeutics limits their antitumor efficiency. The nanoscale spatial organization of TRAIL trimers at different interligand distances is still challenging, which is essential for the understanding of interaction pattern between TRAIL and DR. In this study, a flat rectangular DNA origami is employed as display scaffold, and an “engraving‐printing” strategy is developed to rapidly decorate three TRAIL monomers onto its surface to form DNA‐TRAIL3 trimer (DNA origami with surface decoration of three TRAIL monomers). With the spatial addressability of DNA origami, the interligand distances are precisely controlled from 15 to 60 nm. Through comparing the receptor affinity, agonistic activity and cytotoxicity of these DNA‐TRAIL3 trimers, it is found that ≈40 nm is the critical interligand distance of DNA‐TRAIL3 trimers to induce death receptor clustering and the resulting apoptosis.Finally, a hypothetical “active unit” model is proposed for the DR5 clustering induced by DNA‐TRAIL3 trimers.
Narrow Directed Black Phosphorus Nanoribbons Produced by A Reformative Mechanical Exfoliation Approach
Authors: Hu Bei , Zhang Teng , Wang Kunchan , Wang Long , Zhang Yanming , Gao Shengguang , Ye Xiaowo , Zhou Qingping , Jiang Shenghao , Li Xinyue , Shi Fangyuan , Chen Changxin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBlack phosphorus nanoribbons (PNRs) are ideal candidates for constructing electronic and optoelectronic devices owing to their unique structure and high bandgap tunability. However, the preparation of high‐quality narrow PNRs aligned along the same direction is very challenging. Here, a reformative mechanical exfoliation approach combining tape and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) exfoliations to fabricate high‐quality, narrow, and directed PNRs with smooth edges for the first time is developed. In this method, partially‐exfoliated PNRs are first formed on thick black phosphorus (BP) flakes via the tape exfoliation and further peeled off to obtain separated PNRs via the PDMS exfoliation. The prepared PNRs have widths from a dozen to hundreds of nanometers (down to 15 nm) and a mean length of 18 µm. It is found that the PNRs can align along a same direction and the length directions of directed PNRs are along the zigzag direction. The formation of PNRs is attributed to that the BP prefers to be unzipped along the zigzag direction and has an appropriate magnitude of interaction force with the PDMS substrate. The fabricated PNR/MoS2 heterojunction diode and PNR field‐effect transistor exhibit good device performance. This work provides a new pathway to achieve high‐quality, narrow, and directed PNRs for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Sex, Fertility, Pregnancy, and Parenthood with a Chronic Disease or Other Health Disturbance
Authors: van Lunsen Rik H. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn sexology and sexual medicine, it is common knowledge that nearly every chronic disease and cancer treatment may have extensive sexual consequences. This chapter will deal with relevant sexual aspects of the common chronic diseases that predated women’s pregnancies or that developed during pregnancy.The chapter will start with the complexities of childwish and fertility when there is a chronic disease, with the accompanying ambivalence, insecurities, and risks. It is followed by a general view of sexual consequences and implications of chronic disease. After that, the chapter will address the sexual aspects of ten rather common specific conditions relevant in midwifery practice: breast cancer, chronic bowel disease, cervical cancer, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatic diseases, asthma, HIV, congenital heart disease, and chronic kidney diseases.This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.
Sexual Aspects of Pregnancy and the Postpartum in Non-Mainstream Orientation
Authors: Højgaard Astrid Ditte , Dahl Bente 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn some parts of the World, one can barely imagine that a woman could have a sexual relationship with another woman. However, in other countries, same-sex marriage has become accepted and legalised.As a logical part of that social and legal development, lesbian couples can decide on pregnancy and motherhood. This chapter will deal with relevant aspects of sexuality and reproductive options in lesbian couples who have decided to start a family with their own children. At first, some information is shared on the prevalence of lesbianism and lesbian motherhood and then on the marital and reproductive rights of women with a non-mainstream orientation.In the next part, the chapter will pay attention to the phase of decision, conception, and beyond. It will also make recommendations on providing good care to the lesbian couple, especially concerning sexuality. Those lessons are relevant for everyone, especially for HCPs in cultures where people have not yet developed a greater degree of acceptance (and respect) for lesbian women.This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.
The Health Benefits of Sexual Expression
Authors: Gianotten Woet L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe desired conception is not the only benefit of sexual intercourse. There are many more benefits of sexuality. That is part of the reasons to include attention to sexuality and intimacy in good care. (1) Sexuality is, for many people, highly relevant to their general quality of life. (2) Properly addressing sexuality and intimacy appears to improve the contact between the healthcare professional and the couple. (3) Sexual activities have direct physical and mental health benefits. This chapter concentrates on those health benefits.For some people, the idea of having sex for better health can seem a strange fact. Whereas some might consider it nothing more than just another transient media trend, others might consider it an attractive idea. Though it is an infrequent research topic, there is gradually more information about the various health benefits of sexual expression. This chapter will focus on those health benefits, especially regarding fertility and pregnancy.This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.
Sexual Aspects of Getting Pregnant (Conception and Preconception)
Authors: Gianotten Woet L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhereas the start of trying to become pregnant tends to be pleasurable for many couples, that pleasure easily can get lost when it takes longer than the couple had expected. One of the explanations for that is a higher age when starting this process, combined with the idea of the malleability of life that gradually developed in many high-income countries. ‘Still not being pregnant’ can be a real blow to a couple’s identity, one of the reasons behind decreased sexual desire and ‘conception inefficiency’. Usually, that has nothing to do with infertility but with poor logistics in the area between sexual pleasure, couple pleasure, couple expectations and ‘good conception sex’. This chapter will explain the road to such conception inefficiency and offer relevant elements of ‘good conception sex’ and information for the HCP towards preventing the couple from getting into this downward inefficiency.From the principle of ‘chain care’, the focus of good care should also be on the future. After all, most couples plan a pregnancy more or less to reach happy parenthood and happy couplehood. So this chapter includes sexuality in pre-conception care, a completely new approach with ideas on preventing sexual disturbances in the conception phase but also already in the last stage of pregnancy and post-partum.This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.
Sexual Aspects of Labour and Birth
Authors: Gianotten Woet L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChildbirth can be experienced in many different ways. The physiological delivery is, for some women, painful and devastating. For other women, however, it can be an overwhelming sensual or nearly erotic experience that closely can resemble an orgasm. After all, delivery, orgasm and breastfeeding are similar processes, all strongly associated with oxytocin. That makes oxytocin one of the potential factors when couples look for a way to influence labour proactively. The chapter will pay attention to various aspects of physical—sexual stimuli that could affect the start of labour and its continuation. It will also describe several ways of dealing with pain and how the culture and the medical culture influence those processes. The first delivery is not only a physical process but also a significant life event, influencing the bonding between the partners towards parenthood. This chapter also looks into the partner’s role and how to navigate through this process optimally.This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.