bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erhebung der Versorgungsstrukturen an Transplantationszentren
für Patient*innen mit äthyltoxischer Leberzirrhose vor
einer Lebertransplantation. Eine qualitative Befragung von
Behandler*innen.
Authors: Binder Annette , Fenchel Julia , Lang Immanuel , Batra Anil 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, die derzeitigen
Versorgungs- und Kontrollstrukturen für Patient*innen mit
äthyltoxischer Leberzirrhose in der Vorbereitung auf eine
Lebertransplantation (LTX) an deutschen Transplantationszentren zu erfassen. Es
sollten zudem die damit einhergehenden Barrieren sowie die Sicht der
Behandler*innen auf Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten für die
Versorgung der Patient*innengruppe analysiert werden.
Methodik In einem explorativen, deskriptiven, qualitativen Design wurden
11 Interviews mit Behandler*innen aus 10 der 22 deutschen LTX-Zentren
geführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Es zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede in den Versorgungs- und
Kontrollstrukturen der einzelnen Zentren. In das Behandlungskonzept integrierte
suchttherapeutische Angebote gab es nicht an allen Zentren. Strukturelle
Barrieren entstanden durch eine unzureichende Finanzierung und personelle
Ausstattung. Behandler*innen wünschten sich erweiterte
Behandlungsangebote sowie vereinheitlichte Behandlungskonzepte.
Schlussfolgerungen Es zeigte sich Handlungsbedarf sowohl im Bereich der
Strukturen der einzelnen LTX-Zentren als auch übergreifend auf
Systemebene. Diese Ergebnisse könnten unter Berücksichtigung
aktueller suchtmedizinischer Erkenntnisse als Grundlage zur Entwicklung von
Behandlungskonzepten und -empfehlungen zur Optimierung der Versorgung vor LTX
dienen.
Arbeitszeit von Ärztinnen und Ärzten in Deutschland:
Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus mit Fokus auf Niedergelassene
Authors: Kögel Andreas , Lauerer Michael , Zank Daniel 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungÄrzt:innen in eigener Praxis gelten als Berufsgruppe mit hoher
Arbeitsbelastung. Da Befunde zur Arbeitszeit lückenhaft sind, wurden
Angaben im Mikrozensus 2017 zur „normalen“ Arbeitszeit und zu
Präferenzen ausgewertet. Freiberufliche Ärzt:innen berichten bei
Vollzeittätigkeit im Schnitt eine Arbeitszeit von 48,8 h pro
Woche, abhängig Beschäftigte 46,2 h. Bei
Teilzeittätigkeit geben abhängig Beschäftigte ca. 4
Stunden mehr an als Freiberufler. Männer berichten bei
Vollzeittätigkeit etwa 4 Stunden mehr als Frauen, bei Teilzeit 5 Stunden
weniger. Der Teilzeitanteil ist bei Ärztinnen höher als bei
Ärzten (28% vs. 10%). Die spezifische Analyse
für freiberuflich Tätige zeigt ebenfalls eine umgekehrte
Diskrepanz: Bei Teilzeit arbeiten Ärztinnen 4 h mehr als
Ärzte, bei Vollzeit arbeiten Ärzte 4 h mehr als
Ärztinnen. Niedergelassene/Freiberufliche arbeiten in Teilzeit
weniger als Angestellte. Auch hier liegt die Quote bei Ärztinnen
höher (19,5% vs. 10,6%). Insgesamt arbeiten 14%
in Teilzeit (knapp 20 h pro Woche), 86% Vollzeit (knapp
49 h). Zahnärzt:innen berichten etwas niedrigere Arbeitszeiten,
Allgemein- und Fachärzt:innen liegen mit 45 Stunden ca. gleichauf.
Dieser Unterschied geht auf Differenzen bei der Vollzeitarbeit zurück,
die bei Allgemein- und Fachärzt:innen etwa 50, bei
Zahnärzt:innen 46 Stunden beträgt. Demgegenüber arbeiten
Zahnärzt:innen in Teilzeit länger (24 vs. 18 Stunden). Nur
wenige, insb. in Teilzeit arbeitende Ärzt:innen (ca. 6,5%) geben
an, mehr arbeiten zu wollen. Als Grund für Teilzeitarbeit nennen Frauen
mehrheitlich familiäre Verpflichtungen (68%), Männer
meist „sonstige“ Gründe (76%) und seltener
Kinderbetreuung oder persönliche/familiäre
Verpflichtungen (15%). Insgesamt 13% der Vollzeitarbeitenden
wünschen weniger Arbeitsstunden – Frauen etwas häufiger.
Die vorliegende Analyse ergänzt Quellen wie das Zi-Praxis-Panel. Auf der
Gesamtebene liegt der Durchschnitt im Mikrozensus 5 Stunden unter dem des ZiPP
(50 h/Woche). Den aus der Methodenlehre bekannten
Einschränkungen für Befragungsdaten steht die hohe
Stichprobenqualität gegenüber.
Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Suture Tape Augmentation: A Case Series of 252 Patients
Authors: Daniel Adam V. , Sheth Chirag D. , Shubert Daniel J. , Smith Patrick A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using suture tape augmentation to internally brace is a relatively new technique. The primary goal of this study was to prospectively collect patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and surgical history from patients who underwent primary ACLR with internal bracing to determine if internal bracing resulted in a low graft failure rate while maintaining acceptable PROs. A total of 252 patients with a mean age of 23.6 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.1–25.1) and a mean follow-up of 37.9 months (95% CI: 35.8–40.0) were included in this study. Patients who underwent primary ACLR with internal brace augmentation between July 12, 2016 and July 31, 2021 were eligible. A total of 222 patients were contacted via telephone and administered the visual analog scale (VAS), the single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE), the Lysholm knee score scale, and, if applicable, the short version ACL return to sport after injury (SV-ACL-RSI) survey. Additionally, patients were asked to give an updated orthopaedic history. Thirty additional patients were included from either our institution's registry or by completing their surveys in-office or by e-mail. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient-acceptable symptom states (PASS) were calculated based on our patient population and applied to each individual patient. The patients' electronic health record (EHR) was searched for pre- and postoperative clinical data including KT-1000 arthrometer measurements. Two patients (0.8%) had subsequent graft failures and one patient (0.4%) required a revision surgery. MCID was achieved in 242 patients (96.0%) for the Lysholm, 227 patients (90.1%) for the SANE, and 146 patients (57.9%) for the VAS. PASS was achieved in 214 patients (84.9%) for the Lysholm, 198 patients (78.6%) for the SANE, and 199 (80.0%) patients for the VAS, postoperatively. Of note, 65 patients (25.8%) exceeded the PASS threshold for the VAS preoperatively. A total of 127 patients (84.4%) met the cutoff of ≥60/100 for the SV-ACL-RSI survey postoperatively. Postoperative KT-1000 measurements showed near-identical side-to-side differences at both the 13.6-kg pull and manual maximum pull. When stratifying patients based on age at the time of surgery, it was noted that patients younger than 25 years had significantly higher SANE scores (91.6 [95% CI: 90.2–92.9] vs. 82.6 [95% CI: 79.0–86.2]; p < 0.0001) and lower VAS pain scores (0.7 [95% CI: 0.5–0.8] vs. 1.2 [95% CI: 0.8–1.5]; p = 0.004). Primary ACLR with internal bracing led to acceptable patient outcomes and a graft failure rate of less than 1%.
Level of Evidence: case series, IV
Basic Concepts and Insights into Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries in Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Sharma Arun , Vadher Akash , Shaw Manish , Malhi Amarinder S. , Kumar Sanjeev , Singhal Manphool 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAortopulmonary collateral arteries are persistent embryological vessels supplying lung parenchyma in various cardiopulmonary diseases with underlying pulmonary hypoperfusion. Their identification and mapping are important because of associated clinical implications and tendency to affect the surgical outcome. This article describes the embryological development and clinical relevance of aortopulmonary collaterals in various congenital cardiopulmonary conditions, along with the significance for treatment planning. Roles, strength, and shortcomings of the various imaging options and image-guided interventions are discussed, with a focus on presurgical planning and preparation, as well as postsurgical management.
Modification of transformer coupled permeameter for frequency extension
Authors: Tamaru S. 
Published: July 2023

A broadband and high-sensitivity permeability measurement system that covers 10 MHz–20 GHz was previously developed and named the transformer coupled permeameter (TC-Perm). This paper describes the modifications of the TC-Perm system to further extend the operation frequency range on both the high and low frequency sides. In the previous system, the high frequency limit was set by a large notch appearing at around 22 GHz, which was considered to be caused by the excitation of two unwanted modes. In the new system, the jig design was modified to have a back ground plane and vias to suppress these unwanted modes, which resulted in a clean transmission characteristic over the entire frequency range up to 44 GHz. The low frequency limit is determined by the noise figure (NF) of the vector network analyzer input, which was measured to be ∼35 dB in the previous system configuration. The new system employed a low noise amplifier and analog switches to improve the NF to be 2.7 dB below 100 MHz. As a result of these modifications, the operation frequency range of the new TC-Perm system was extended to cover 1 MHz–44 GHz, which is sufficient for characterizing magnetic materials used in noise suppression sheets targeting fifth-generation millimeter-wave (5G mmWave) wireless communication.
Effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the vitrification of bovine metaphase II oocytes
Authors: Liu Yi-Heng , Wang Xiao-Jing , Liu Jia-Qi , Zhao Shi-Yu , Xu Zhi-Qian , Li Xiao-Xia , Li Ying-Hua , Yu Xue-Li 
Published: July 2023

Context Although vitrification is commonly used for oocyte cryopreservation, the cryogenic damage results in poor developmental capacity of oocytes after freezing. Nano-cryopreservation is one of the new methods of vitrification developed in recent years. However, the effect of nano-cryopreservation on mature bovine oocytes remains to be elucidated. Aims This study aimed to verify the effect of using hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) on the vitrification of bovine metaphase II (MII)-stage oocytes. Methods Bovine MII-stage oocytes were exposed to different HA concentrations (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.10%) in vitrification solution (VS). After IVF (in vitro fertilisation) and IVC (in vitro culture), the toxicity of HA was assessed by cleavage and blastocyst rates. A suitable concentration of HA nanoparticles was selected according to the results of the first experiment. and then vitrification-thawing was measured. The effect of HA on the developmental capacity of oocytes was assessed by oocyte cleavage rate and blastocyst rate. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the intracellular reactive oxygen levels (ROS) of oocytes were measured by staining with a fluorescence probe (JC-1) and an ROS kit after nano-cryopreservation. Key results The addition of 0.05% HA to the VS did not affect the oocyte morphology; the proportion of oocytes developing with normal morphology was 96.72%. In contrast, this proportion it significantly decreased at a concentration of 0.1% HA in VS (91.69%; P < 0.05). The cleavage rates (56.95% vs 51.20%, 50.67%; P < 0.05) of bovine oocytes exposed to 0.05% HA were significantly higher than in the VS group and VS + 0.1% HA group. After the vitrification-thawing, the oocyte cleavage rates (41.07% vs 33.97%; P < 0.05) and blastocyst rates (12.35% vs 7.38%; P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the VS + 0.05% HA group compared to the VS group. At the 0.05% HA concentration, nano-cryopreserved oocytes had significantly higher MMP (1.35 ± 0.24) and significantly lower ROS (1.43 ± 0.05) than the VS group (P < 0.05, mean ± s.e.m.). Conclusions The addition of 0.05% HA-NPs in VS could promote bovine MII-stage oocytes’ developmental ability after vitrification. This effect may be caused partly by increased mitochondrial membrane activity and decreased ROS. Implications HA-NPs may be a new class of cryoprotective agent suitable as components for oocyte vitrification.
Evaluation of aging and degradation for silicone rubber composite insulator based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Yushun , Cheng Yang , Lv Li , Zeng Xin , Xia Lingzhi , Li Senlin , Liu Jing , Kong Fei , Shao Tao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Silicone rubbers (SIRs), as the main material of composite insulator sheds, have aging phenomenon for the long-term operation in the outdoor, which has an important impact on the performance degradation of composite insulator. Periodic examine and replacement of severely aged composite insulator is of great significance for the safe operation of power system. However, there is no clear standard to estimate the aging degree. In order to evaluate the degree of aging and degradation more accurately, the experimental test and analysis of the SIR sheds were carried out from three aspects: physical characteristics, chemical composition and electrical properties. The physical characteristic results show that the surface of the aging SIR will appear obvious holes and cracks, as well as hardening. Chemical composition results show that the internal composition of the continuous decomposition, while a large number of heavy metal elements accumulate in the pollution. The change of physical characteristics and chemical composition of SIR sheds may lead to the deterioration of electrical properties. According to the above results, the influence rule of measurement parameters and aging degree was obtained, and the key characteristic parameters of aging were summarized and extracted. Based on the characteristic parameters, a decision tree aging evaluation model is established for state evaluation. The accuracy of machine learning is 100% and 93.2% respectively. For the on-site application, early warning of moderately aged insulators and replacement of severely aged insulators are proposed in the on-site maintenance of SIR composite insulators.
Pseudo hard-sphere viscosities from equilibrium Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Nicasio-Collazo Luz Adriana , Ramírez-Medina Carlos Alberto , Torres-Carbajal Alexis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Transport coefficients like shear, bulk and longitudinal viscosities are sensitive to the intermolecular interaction potential and finite size effects when are numerically determined. For the hard-sphere (HS) fluid, such transport properties are determined almost exclusively with computer simulations. However, their systematic determination and analysis throughout shear stress correlation functions and the Green-Kubo formalism can not be done due to discontinuous nature of the interaction potential. Here, we use the pseudo hard-sphere (PHS) potential to determine pressure correlation functions as a function of volume fraction in order to compute mentioned viscosities. Simulation results are compared to available event-driven molecular dynamics of the HS fluid and also used to propose empirical corrections for the Chapman–Enskog zero density limit of shear viscosity. Moreover, we show that PHS potential is a reliable representation of the HS fluid and can be used to compute transport coefficients. The molecular simulation results of the present work are valuable for further exploration of HS-type fluids or extend the approach to compute transport properties of hard-colloid suspensions.
Combining kernel principal component analysis and spatial group-wise enhance convolutional neural network for fault recognition of rolling element bearings
Authors: Pan Huilin , Jiao Weidong , Yan Tianyu , Rehman Attiq Ur , Wan Anping , Yang Shixi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Data-driven deep learning methods have been widely used in the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, while general network structures are complex with numerous parameters and computationally intensive calculations, leading to limited real-time performance and delayed fault detection. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel hybrid framework, termed FKP-SGECNN, for efficient and accurate bearing fault identification. The proposed framework combines the strengths of kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), Fisher criterion, spatial group-wise enhance network (SGENet), and convolutional neural network. In the proposed framework, FKP incorporates Fisher criterion to optimize the kernel functions in KPCA, effectively reducing information redundancy in the input data. Furthermore, SGENet is integrated to streamline the network structure and enhance the model’s generalization capability, while maintaining high diagnostic accuracy. The performance of the hybrid framework implies a great potential, which was evaluated by several case studies using multi-class data of bearing faults.
A formalism for traceable dosimetry in superficial electronic brachytherapy (eBT)
Authors: de Prez Leon , Avilés Lucas Paz , Kok Elfried 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Despite the number of treatments performed with electronic brachytherapy (eBT) there is no uniform methodology for reference dosimetry for international traceability to primary dosimetry standards in different eBT systems. The objective of this study is to propose a formalism for traceability reference dosimetry in superficial eBT, that is easy to apply in the clinic. This method was investigated for an Elekta Esteya with one applicator. Approach. The calibration x-ray spectrum at the primary standards dosimetry laboratory was matched to the measured eBT photon spectrum. Subsequently, two ionization chambers of different types were calibrated at the primary standard dosimetry laboratory (PSDL) in terms of air kerma against a primary standard. The chambers were used to measure ionization chamber reading ratios in-air at different distances from the applicator. Monte Carlo based air kerma ratios were calculated at different positions from the eBT applicator as well as backscatter factors in water and average mass energy absorption ratios in water and in air. Relative measurements with radiochromic films were performed in a water phantom to determine the ratio of absorbed dose to water, D

w
, at the surface to D

w
at 1 cm depth in water. These were compared with Monte Carlo calculations. Main results. Calculations and measurements were combined to estimate the D

w
at the surface and at 1 cm depth in water. Ionization chamber agreement of the surface dose was 1.7%, within an uncertainty of 6.8% (k = 2). They agreed with the manufacturer dosimetry within 1.8%, with an uncertainty of 5.0% (k = 2). The feasibility of the formalism and methodology for the Esteya system was demonstrated. Significance. This study proposes a method for harmonization of traceable reference dosimetry for eBT contact treatments which does not involve a detailed simulation of the ionization chamber. The method demonstrated feasibility for one eBT system using one surface applicator. In the future the method could be applied for different eBT systems.
Commissioning of a solid tank design for fan-beam optical CT based 3D radiation dosimetry
Authors: Ogilvy A , Collins S , Hilts M , Hare W , Jirasek A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Optical computed tomography (CT) is one of the leading modalities for imaging gel dosimeters used in the verification of complex radiotherapy treatments. In previous work, a novel fan-beam optical CT scanner design was proposed that could significantly reduce the volume of the refractive index baths that are commonly found in optical CT systems. Here, the proposed scanner has been manufactured and commissioned. Approach. Image reconstruction is performed through algebraic reconstruction technique and iterated using the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) algorithm. Ray tracing for algebraic reconstruction was performed using an in-house developed ray tracing simulator. A set of Sylgard® 184 phantoms were created to commission spatial resolution, geometric deformity, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and scan settings. Main Results. The scanner is capable of a 0.929 mm−1 spatial resolution, observed at 200 iterations, although the spatial resolution is highly dependent on the number of iterations. The geometric distortion, measured by scanning a needle phantom with the prototype scanner as well as a conventional x-ray CT was found to be within <0.25 mm. The CNR was found to peak between 65 and 190 occurring between 50 and 100 iterations and was highly dependent on the region chosen for background noise calculation. The proposed scanner is capable of scanning and reading out slices in less than 1 min per slice. Significance. This work displays the viability of a fan-beam optical CT scanner with minimal index matching using ray-traced algebraic reconstruction.
Multiscale self-calibrated pulmonary nodule detection network fusing dual attention mechanism
Authors: Zhu Yong , Xu LiXin , Liu Yusi , Guo PeiRen , Zhang JiYao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. In this study, we propose a model called DEPMSCNet (a multiscale self-calibration network) that has a high sensitivity and low false positive rate for detecting pulmonary nodules. Approach. First, at the feature extraction stage, we propose to use the REPSA-MSC module instead of the traditional convolutional neural network. The module extracts multiscale information from the feature map based on the image pyramid strategy while introducing adaptive convolutional branches to detect contextual information at each position of the multiscale, thereby expanding the receptive field and improving sensitivity. At the same time, multiple branches are adaptively weighted by channel attention, and the weights of different branches are adjusted to better generate pixel-level attention. Secondly, the proposed DSAM (dual-path spatial attention module) operates at the information fusion stage. This module fully exploits the rich spatial information of CT scans, obtains receptive field information from two branches, combines low-level feature map information with high-level semantic information, and enhances location-related information to effectively improve specificity. Thirdly, the focal loss function is used to solve the problem of positive and negative sample imbalance. Main
results. The proposed model has been evaluated on the public lung nodule analysis (LUNA16) challenge dataset. The technique outperforms the most recent state-of-the-art detection algorithms in terms of sensitivity and specificity, obtaining a sensitivity of 0.988 and a competitive performance metric (CPM) of 0.963. Significance. Ablation experiments show that the two modules proposed in this paper effectively reduce false positives and improve sensitivity. This model effectively reduces the number of false positive nodules that doctors see on CT scans.