bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of printing strategies on fatigue crack growth behavior of an additively manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel
Authors: Camacho José , Martins Rui F. , Branco Ricardo , Raimundo António , Malça Cândida 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing powder‐bed fusion process that allows producing complex metallic parts with a relative density of up to 99.9%. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of these components depend on numerous process variables, and there is a lack of systematic studies focused on SLM stainless steels. In the work herein presented, three specific printing strategies were X‐Y patterned to manufacture Compact Tension specimens transversally, longitudinally, or chess‐oriented, without any post‐processing heat treatment. The specimens were made of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel. Thereafter, fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests were carried out at room temperature, at constant amplitude loading (R = 0.2), to determine the fatigue crack propagation constants of the Paris Law associated with each print strategy. It was possible to conclude that transversal additively manufactured specimens showed the lowest FCGRs, and all results were well below the fatigue design curve given in ASME BPVC, Section XI.
Genetic drift versus natural selection affecting the evolution of spectral and functional traits of two key macrophytes: Phragmites australis and Nuphar lutea
Authors: Castellani Maria Beatrice , Dalla Vecchia Alice , Bolpagni Rossano , Natale Roberto , Piaser Erika , Lastrucci Lorenzo , Coppi Andrea , Villa Paolo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Both genetic and phenotypic intraspecific diversity play a crucial role in the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of organisms. Several studies have compared phenotypic divergence (Pst) and differentiation of neutral loci (Fst) to infer the relative roles of genetic drift and natural selection in population differentiation (Pst–Fst comparison). For the first time, we have assessed and compared the genetic variation and differentiation at the leaf trait level in two key macrophytes, Phragmites australis and Nuphar lutea.

To this aim, we quantified and described the genetic structure and phenotypic diversity of both species in five lake systems in north‐central Italy. We then investigated the relative roles of genetic drift and natural selection on leaf trait differentiation (Pst–Fst), assuming that Fst reflects divergence caused only by genetic drift while Pst also incorporates the effects of selective dynamics on the phenotype.

In terms of genetic structure, the results for P. australis were in line with those observed for other Italian and European conspecific populations. Conversely, N. lutea showed a more complex genetic structure than expected at the site level, probably due to the combined effect of genetic isolation and its mixed mating system. Both species exhibited high variability in leaf functional traits within and among sites, highlighting a high degree of phenotypic plasticity. Pst–Fst comparisons showed a general tendency towards directional selection in P. australis and a more complex pattern in N. lutea. Indeed, the drivers of phenotypic differentiation in N. lutea showed a variable mix of stabilising and directional selection or neutral divergence at most sites.

The prevalence of vegetative over generative reproduction leads P. australis populations to be dominated by a few clones that are well adapted to local conditions, including phenotypes that respond plastically to the environment. In contrast, in N. lutea, the interaction of a mixed mating system and geographical isolation among distant sites tends to reduce the effect of outbreeding depression and provides the genetic basis for adaptive capacity.

The first joint analysis of the genetic structure of these two key macrophytes allowed a better understanding of the relative roles of genetic drift and natural selection in the diversification of phenotypic traits within habitats dominated by P. australis and N. lutea.
Association of Helicobacter pylori with migraine headaches and the effects of this infection and its eradication on the migraine characteristics in adults: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bawand Rashed , Ghiasian Masoud , Samadyan Mustapha , Qaderi Sorush 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is one of the most common neurological disorders that can severely overshadow people's quality of life, and Helicobacter pylori infection is a health problem in different societies. During the last two decades, many original studies have been conducted on the various aspects of the relationship between these two disorders; however, they have reported different and sometimes contradictory results.MethodsThis study was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol. We performed a comprehensive literature search in the online databases up to May 2023, and 22 studies that contained original data on the relationship between H. pylori infection and migraine headaches in adults were included. For performing the meta‐analysis, we calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random‐effects model, and to determine the possible causes of heterogeneity, we conducted a subgroup meta‐analysis.ResultsThe overall OR for the association of H. pylori infection and migraine headaches through 493,794 evaluated individuals was 2.80 [95% CI = 1.75–4.48; I2 = 89.20, p < 0.01], which reveals a statistically significant association between these disorders. It was found that the studies that were conducted in Asian regions and the recently published ones have clearly shown a higher association between migraine and H. pylori infection. On the other hand, migraine patients who are infected with H. pylori have similar signs and symptoms as H. pylori‐negative migraineurs; meanwhile, the clinical trials conducted in this field strongly emphasize the benefits of eradicating H. pylori infection in migraine patients and have estimated its effectiveness in improving migraine headaches equivalent to current common migraine treatments. Furthermore, it was reported that white matter lesions were 2.5‐fold higher on brain MRI in patients with H. pylori‐positive migraine compared with H. pylori‐negative migraineurs; however, the evidence does not support the role of oxidative stress in patients suffering from H. pylori infection and migraine and refuses the role of Cag‐A‐positive strains of H. pylori in migraine headaches.ConclusionAccording to the currently available data, it seem reasonable that patients with a definite diagnosis of migraine who also suffer from gastrointestinal problems, undergo the H. pylori detection tests and if the evaluations are positive, H. pylori eradication treatment can be considered even before any migraine treatment.
HISTORY: A HANDMAID'S TALE
Authors: Vaidik Aparna 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTHistorians are generally coy and diffident when it comes to engaging with the moral question despite it being a critical aspect of doing history. However, historians of empire cannot evade the moral question given the ethical dilemmas that imperialism posed for the men at its helm. To portray the colonists as hypocrites is too facile and cynical an explanation. So, what allowed the British colonists to manage the conscience that they indeed possessed? As Priya Satia boldly argues in Time's Monster: How History Makes History, the answer to this question resides in historicism, which became the new ethical idiom from the nineteenth century onward. It enabled the British colonists to assuage their conscience and made the empire an ethically thinkable reality. It helped whitewash colonial violence and generate public acceptance for colonization. The historians’ power lay in anointing history as providence and in using it to paper over the cracks in the British conscience. Being able to narrate was itself a manifestation of power. It was only after the Second World War that history renounced its pact with power and a reimagination of the historical idiom emerged. Various shades of South Asian and Caribbean anti‐colonial leaders and postcolonial writers began to think beyond the historicist category of the empire. These efforts to dismantle the empire's historical narratives were paralleled by the writings of British historian E. P. Thompson, although he remained tied to the idea of history as progress. The moral question, however, remains unsettled. It endures for present‐day historians because the teleserials, nostalgic period dramas, and “great men” histories continue to hold sway over the public mind, generate debates about the “benefits” of the empire, and feed Britain's anti‐immigrant sentiments. Satia's book lies at the intersection of three sets of historiographies—histories of British political thought, postcolonial writings that highlight alternate conceptions of the past and the significance of orality, memory, and community history, and, lastly, histories of violence—all of which engage the moral question in some form or another.
Between transnational engagements and local integration of Chinese communities in Italy: An analysis of the role of migrant organisations
Authors: Wang Zi , Turrisi Alessandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChinese communities represent one of the largest migrant groups in Italy. Current scholarship overwhelmingly focuses on Chinese ethnic businesses and identity issues. This article addresses an important but under‐researched topic: the role of migrant organisations in enhancing migrant transnationalism and/or local integration. We examine three predominant types of Chinese migrant organisations in Italy—civic, educational, religious—across multiple cities. We show that, at first sight, educational and religious organisations aim to serve the communities in maintaining transnational links with the Chinese‐speaking world, while civic organisations directly promote interactions with the local society. However, deeper analyses reveal that all three types of organisations can play an active role in fostering both migrant transnationalism and local integration, to different degrees in different domains. We discuss policy implications and how potential synergetic collaborations between host society stakeholders and migrant organisations could be explored.
Diagnosis and management of endothelial disorders following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: McEwan Ashley , Greenwood Matthew , Ward Christopher , Ritchie David , Szer Jeff , Gardiner Elizabeth , Colic Andriana , Sipavicius Julija , Panek‐Hudson Yvonne , Kerridge Ian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a mainstay of therapy for numerous malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Endothelial activation and dysfunction occur after stem cell transplantation, driven by various patient‐ and transplant‐specific factors. This can manifest as one of the relatively uncommon endothelial injury syndromes, such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, engraftment syndrome or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, classification and diagnosis of these disorders, as well as provides guidance on risk mitigation and treatment.
Unions as insurance: Workplace unionization and workers' outcomes during COVID‐19
Authors: Braakmann Nils , Hirsch Boris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigate to what extent workplace unionization protects workers from external shocks by preventing involuntary job separations. Using the COVID‐19 pandemic as a plausibly exogenous shock hitting the whole economy, we compare workers who worked in unionized and non‐unionized workplaces directly before the pandemic in a difference‐in‐differences framework. We find that unionized workers were substantially more likely to remain working for their pre‐COVID employer and to be in employment. This greater employment stability was not traded off against lower working hours or labor income.
Paleoenvironmental models for Australia and the impact of aridification on blindsnake diversification
Authors: Tiatragul Sarin , Skeels Alexander , Keogh J. Scott 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimShifts in diversification rates of Australian flora and fauna have been associated with aridification, but the relationship between diversification rates and aridity has never been quantified. We employed multiple approaches to reconstruct paleoenvironments of Australia for the first time. We used this information, and phylogenetic‐based analyses, to explore how changes in temperature and increasing aridity during the Neogene influenced the diversification of the Australian blindsnakes. We tested whether diversification rates differ between arid‐adapted and mesic‐adapted lineages.TaxonTyphlopidae, Anilios blindsnakes.LocationAustralia.Materials and MethodsWe estimated the historical biogeography of blindsnakes using BioGeoBEARS. We synthesised multiple approaches to reconstruct paleotemperature and paleoaridity of Australia during the Neogene. We fitted several birth‐death models and estimated diversification rates under paleoenvironmental conditions using RPANDA. We further compared diversification rates between arid‐adapted lineages versus mesic‐adapted lineages using ClaDS and GeoHiSSE.ResultsAncestral area estimation indicated Australian blindsnakes have tropical grassland origins. We found that Australia‐specific regional paleotemperature and paleoaridity provided a better explanation for diversification rate variation than global paleotemperature. Specifically, our best‐fitting model indicated that speciation rates of blindsnakes decreased with increasing aridity. We found no difference in diversification rates between arid‐ and mesic‐adapted lineages.Main ConclusionsSoon after dispersing to Australia, the common ancestors of Australian blindsnakes diversified rapidly in mesic habitats during the early Miocene. However, as the continent became increasingly arid, diversification rates decreased. We found that shifts in the environment led to the emergence of two major clades: one remaining in primarily mesic habitats and the other adapting to the expanding arid biome. Our results emphasise the importance of both arid and tropical biomes as sources and sinks of diversification.
Dry suction water seal system for management of pericardial fluid during epicardial ablation
Authors: Powell Benjamin , Coons Tricia , Lesiczka Magdalena , Markert Cate , Mehta Rohit , Misra Satish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionEpicardial ablation is an important approach in the management of patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias. Irrigated ablation catheters present a challenge in this potential space due to fluid accumulation that can cause hemodynamic compromise, requiring frequent manual fluid aspiration. In this series, we report our initial experience with the use of a dry suction water seal system for pericardial fluid management during epicardial ablation.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing epicardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation at a single center were included. All patients underwent epicardial access via a subxiphoid approach with a single operator. A deflectable sheath was advanced into the pericardial space, and the side port was attached to a dry suction water seal system attached to wall suction at −20 mmHg. Procedural information including patient characteristics, outcomes, and adverse events. After a period of initial experience, pericardial fluid infusion and aspiration volumes were recorded.ResultsEleven patients were included in this series. All patients underwent epicardial ablation with complete success achieved in 8 of the 11 patients and partial success in the remaining patients. Pericardial fluid intake ranging from 485 to 3050 mL with aspiration of 350–3050 mL using the dry suction water seal system. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionDry suction water seal drainage systems can provide a safe strategy for efficient pericardial fluid management during epicardial VT ablation, potentially shortening procedure duration.
Higher power achieves greater local impedance drop, shorter ablation time, and more transmural lesion formation in comparison to lower power in local impedance guided radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yamashita Shu , Mizukami Akira , Ono Maki , Hiroki Jiro , Miyakuni Shota , Ueshima Daisuke , Matsumura Akihiko , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince the local impedance (LI) of the ablation catheter reflects tissue characteristics, the efficacy of higher power (HP) compared to lower power (LP) in LI‐guided ablation may differ from other index‐guided ablations.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of HP ablation in LI‐guided ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling patients undergoing de novo ablation for AF. Pulmonary vein isolation was performed using point‐by‐point ablation with a RHYTHMIA HDxTM Mapping System and an open‐irrigated ablation catheter with mini‐electrodes (IntellaNav MIFI OI). Ablation was stopped when the LI drop reached 30 ohms, three seconds after the LI plateaued, or when ablation time reached 30 s. To balance the baseline differences, a unique method was used in which the power was changed between HP (45 W to anterior wall/40 W to posterior wall) and LP (35 W/30 W) alternately for each adjacent point.ResultsA total of 551 ablations in 10 patients were analyzed (HP, n = 276; LP, n = 275). The maximum LI drop was significantly larger (HP: 28.3 ± 5.4 vs. LP: 24.8 ± 6.3 ohm), and the time to minimum LI was significantly shorter (HP: 15.0 ± 6.3 vs. LP: 19.3 ± 6.6 s) in the HP setting. The unipolar electrogram analysis of three patients revealed that the electrogram indicating transmural lesion formation was observed more frequently in the HP setting.ConclusionIn LI‐guided ablation, the HP could achieve a larger LI drop and shorter time to minimum LI, which may result in more transmural lesion formation compared to a LP setting.
Evaluation of combined treatment with Er:YAG laser and long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of recalcitrant warts: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiryis B. , Avitan‐Hersh E. , Mirmovich O. , Judith Nevet M. , Khamaysi Z. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundViral warts are common infectious skin disease induced by human papillomavirus (HPV). Lasers have been used for warts treatment in recent years with variable success rates.ObjectiveThis study aimed to prospectively evaluate combined treatment with Er:YAG laser and long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser compared to Er:YAG laser for the treatment of recalcitrant warts after one session.Materials and MethodsThis study included 240 lesions from 24 patients. All the lesions were diagnosed clinically as recalcitrant warts after failure of topical treatment and cryotherapy. About 120 lesions underwent a combined therapy of Er:YAG and long‐pulsed (LP) Nd:YAG lasers, and the remaining 120 lesions underwent Er:YAG laser therapy only. The clearance rate was evaluated 5 weeks after and classified by three‐graded evaluation: complete response, partial response and poor response.ResultsThe clearance rate in the combined Er:YAG + LP Nd:YAG lasers group was, statistically significant, higher than that of the Er:YAG laser group (p = 0.008). The complete response rate was 48% (58 of 120 warts) for the Er:YAG +LP Nd:YAG lasers group and only 29% (35 of 120 warts) for the Er:YAG laser group.ConclusionThe combination of Er:YAG and long‐pulsed Nd:YAG lasers is more effective than Er:YAG laser alone in treating recalcitrant warts after single session.
Digital health interventions in dermatology—Mapping technology and study parameters of systematically identified publications
Authors: Reinders Patrick , Augustin Matthias , Kirsten Natalia , Fleyder Anastasia , Otten Marina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital health interventions (DHI) potentially improve the efficiency and effectiveness of dermatological care. Currently, an overview clustering and characterizing the evidence on DHIs is missing. This systematic mapping of the literature aims to analyse published research on DHIs in dermatology to identify trends and gaps in research. For this purpose, a systematic search of the MEDLINE database was conducted in August 2022 to identify original publications on DHIs in dermatology. Data on country, targeted audience, DHI category, indication, outcome parameter and study design were extracted. Out of 12,009 records identified in MEDLINE, 403 studies were included in the final analysis. Studies on DHIs mainly performed in western countries, headed by the United States (n = 133), Germany (n = 32) and Spain (n = 23). Of all identified DHIs, 261 targeted healthcare providers (HCP), 66 clients (e.g. patients, caregivers, healthy individuals) and 67 both clients and HCPs. A majority of DHIs focussed on establishing a diagnosis (n = 254). Every other study analysed store‐and‐forward teledermatology (n = 187), followed by artificial intelligence applications for image analysis (n = 65). The most often analysed DHI category for clients was a support of health behaviour change (n = 31). Monitoring of clients was targeted by 77 studies. Skin cancer (n = 148), wounds (n = 29) and psoriasis (n = 29) were the most targeted indications by DHIs. Most studies analysed diagnostic performance (n = 166), fewer studies analysed acceptance (n = 92) and effectiveness (n = 98). Usability (n = 32) and efficiency (n = 36) were investigated only to a small extent. Studies on DHIs in dermatology have focused on teledermatology and AI applications, with an emphasis on skin cancer diagnosis. Apart from that, a range of DHIs for different user groups, purposes and indications were identified, demonstrating the broad potential for DHIs in dermatology. Further research with a wider set of outcome parameters is needed to fully understand the potential of DHIs and ensure their sustainable implementation into dermatological care.