bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic Sequence and Structural Evolution of the Sana'a Basin
Authors: Al-Subbary Abdulkarim 
Published: March 2023

The stratigraphic sequence of the Sana'a basin ranges in age from Precambrian to Recent with some periods missing. Lithological outcrops of the Sana'a basin ranging in age from Jurassic to Quaternary, while the subsurface data reveals the occurrences of the Precambrian rocks.
Current research discusses the sedimentary and structural evolution of the Sana'a basin and indicates that significant tectonic phases occurred during the Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary periods. Structural effects of these tectonic phases include uplift and subsidence for several times. However, the Sana'a basin formed during the Jurassic time under an inherited and reactivated structural control from the old N-S trend. Field studies indicate that the Sana'a basin was subjected to compression stage during the Paleocene time which resulted in the formation of an anticline with N-S axis, and then at the end of the Paleocene the area is affected by extensional faults to form half grabens such as Wadi Dhahr, and Haddah half grabens.
During the Tertiary Sana'a area has been affected by huge of volcanic activities especially in the southern part of the Sana' a basin to form the Yemen Plateau, then the major tectonic trends were reactivated by extensional stage which coincided with the NS - NW and ENE - WSW trend. However, most of these faults and fractures are filled by volcanic dykes of different composition. In Quaternary time another volcanic activity has occurred to form a lot of plugs and cones intruded into the old rock units.
Petrography and Geochemistry of the Ore-bearing Gabbro Intrusion of the Jabal Hamir-Juban Locality, SE Yemen
Authors: Al-Hawbani Ali M. 
Published: March 2023

Juban region is located about 183 km southeast of Sana’a City. The Juban gabbroic layered intrusion is associated with Fe-Ti formation Banded iron ores are hosted in a gabbroic intrusion of Tertiary age, which is injected within Cretaceous Tawilah sandstone group. Petrographic examinations of gabbro rocks show that they are composed essentially of olivine, plagioclase feldspar and magnetite minerals. The olivine mineral is present in high percentages which lead to classify the gabbro as troctolite type. The olivine is presented by fayalite, foresterite minerals in different proportions. The feldspar is present as plagioclase minerals of bytownite and anorthite compositions.
The results of chemical analysis of the major oxides present in the ore-bearing gabbro in the Jabal Hamir–Juban area show that, the iron oxide ranges from 21.05% - 49.01% with an average of 44.30%, the titanium oxide ranges from 1.86% - 7.71% with an average of 6.78%, and silica oxide has an average 23.76% .
Geochemistry of the examined gabbroic rocks are economically promising deposits for some trace elements in addition to the iron and titanium ores.
Implementasi Akad Deposito Mudharabah Di Bank Muamalat Indonesia cabang tegal Ditinjau dari Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Agustine Hendra Karunia , Saleh Mulyana , Suhayati Riska 
Published: March 2023

Saat ini investasi termasuk bagian yang sangat penting dalam perencanaan keuangan. Salah satu hal yang menjadi alasan mengapa investasi penting dilakukan, karena dapat menjadi tambahan pemasukan. Apalagi di era saat ini yang semakin mahal, oleh sebab itu diperlukan pengelolaan dan pengaturan keuangan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami bagaimana implementasi akad deposito mudharabah pada produk deposito di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Tegal dalam tinjauan hukum Islam dan hukum positif yang telah ditetapkan; serta bagaimana komparasi hukum berdasarkan hukum Islam dan hukum positif terhadap implementasi akad deposito mudharabah di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Tegal tersebut.
Metode penelitian yang akan dilakukan oleh penulis ialah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan (field reseach). Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis data primer dan skunder. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah di antaranya akad deposito mudharabah yang diterapkan di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Tegal pada umumnya bersifat mutlak (mudharabah muthlaqah), yaitu bentuk kerjasama yang dilakukan antara pihak nasabah dengan pihak perbankan memiliki cakupan yang sangat luas serta tidak dibatasi oleh spesifikasi jenis usaha, waktu, dan daerah bisnis. Sehingga pihak perbankan diperbolehkan untuk mengelola dana untuk usaha apa saja yang sesuai dengan syariah. Adapun syarat dan ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Tegal harus sesuai dengan regulasi yang berlaku di Indonesia, yakni Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 9/19/PBI/2007 tentang Pelaksanaan Prinsip Syariah dalam Kegiatan Penghimpunan Dana dan Penyaluran Dana serta Pelayanan Jasa Bank Syariah. Di antara syarat dan ketentuannya ialah meliputi: kewajiban bank menjelaskan kepada nasabah mengenai karakteristik produk, serta hak dan kewajiban nasabah yang harus dipenuhi; penarikan dana oleh nasabah yang hanya dapat dilakukan sesuai waktu yang disepakati, dan lain-lain.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI ZAKAT PRODUKTIF DI PUSAT ZAKAT UMAT (PZU) CIKIJING
Authors: Agustine Hendra Karunia , Arifudin Yadi Fahmi , Efendi Farihatul Ula 
Published: March 2023

Indonesia merupakan suatu negara dengan mayoritas penduduk beragama Islam, hal ini mayoritas penduduknya berkewajiban untuk membayar zakat setiap tahunnya. Zakat juga merupakan suatu ibadah yang mempunyai dimensi sosial yang tinggi, sehingga dengan potensi zakat yang ada dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sangatlah besar. Adapun pendayagunaan zakat yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan dari zakat tersebut salah satunya dilakukan pendayagunaan zakat secara produktif, zakat produktif ini merupakan zakat yang disalurkan kepada mustahhik dengan tidak dihabiskan secara langsung akan tetapi dikembangkan terlebih dahulu. Dalam praktiknya zakat produktif bisa berupa pemberian modal usaha baik berupa uang atau suatu barang yang bisa dijadikan alat untuk bekerja dan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan khususnya untuk mustahik sehingga dapat membantu memenuhi kebutuhan hidup secara terus-menerus. Mengenai pendistribusian zakat secara produktif secara detail tidak dijelaskan dalam nash sehingga membuka peluang untuk dilakukannya ijtihad oleh para ulama. Berdasarkan latar belakang demikian penulis merumuskan permasalahan sebagai berikut: pertama, bagaimana praktik zakat produktif oleh Pusat Zakat Umat (PZU) Cikijing Kedua, bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap praktik zakat produktif oleh Pusat Zakat Umat (PZU) Cikijing. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah peneitian lapangan (field research). Dan sifat penelitiannya adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara mengenai pelaksanaan pengelolaan zakat produktif di PZU Cikijing, observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi. Sumber data yang digunakan penulis adalah sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Setelah data-data terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif. Dari penelitian penulis diperoleh hasil bahwa dalam praktik zakat produktif yang dilakukan Pusat Zakat Umat (PZU) melalui program Kampung Bangkit di wilayah Kecamatan Cikijing berupa pemberdayaan umat dalam hal ini sudah tepat dan tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam dengan menjalankan beberapa syarat dalam pelaksanaan zakat produktif, dimana pola pendistribusian zakat produktif kepada mustahik dilakukan dengan membantu memperbaiki perekonomian mustahik dengan diberikannya lapangan pekerjaan kepada mustahik yang mempunyai kemampuan dan komitmen dengan usaha akan tetapi kekurangan modal dan menjadi proyek ekonomi yang bisa membantu memenuhi kebutuhan santri di Pesantren.
Islamic Overview on Qabdh in Online Shopping at Shopee Marketplace
Authors: Agustine Hendra Karunia , Barokah Marhamatul 
Published: March 2023

Shopee apps is a marketplace-based mobile commerce application and it acts as an intermediary between the two. In the context of Islamic law, transaction process used in this application considered having severity issues, such as 1) how qabdh (transfer of ownership) in online shopping on the Shopee platform is implemented; and 2) how the implementation of the concept of qabdh online shopping on the Shopee platform is viewed from Islamic law perspective. The purpose of this study is to find out the concept of qabdh in online shopping on the Shopee platform and to review concept of qabdh from the Islamic law views. This research is a qualitative research which is descriptive in nature and tends to use qualitative data analysis. The results of this study show that the qabdh is cosnidered in accordance with sharia provisions. According to Islamic law view, the implementation of the concept of qabdh in online shopping on the Shopee platform has also been considered to fulfill the principles of agreement according to sharia.
Outcome of Chronic Kidney Disease patients with COVID-19 infection under maintenance dialysis: A Retrospective observational Study
Authors: Pandey Bimal 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease is an important risk factor for severe COVID. Emerging evidence suggests that CKD is a key risk factor for mortality in patients with COVID-19. In this article we explore the outcomes of CKD patients with COVID19 infection further.

Method: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the dialysis unit of Department of Internal Medicine of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. All CKD patients under maintenance hemodialysis diagnosed with PCR positive COVID-19 from July 2021 to July 2022 were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were the patients newly diagnosed acute kidney injury on CKD patient with COVID-19 and COVID-19 positive patients with just antigen testing. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality. 101 patients were reviewed for this study.

Result: Majority of the patients were male (73%). 42.57% of those admitted required ICU, 64.35% recovered and mortality was 35.64%.

Conclusion: CKD requiring maintenance dialysis is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
Teenage pregnancy and low birth weight babies at Patan Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Sitaram 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is related to increased maternal and new born mortality and morbidity. Increase delivery of low birth weight is one of the important adverse outcome of teenage pregnancy.1 This study is done to evaluate the prevalence of low birth weight in teenage pregnancy.
Methods: This is a cross section study conducted at Patan hospital. Data from the delivery record from August 2010 to July 2011. Incidence of teenage pregnancy along with low birth weight were recorded.
Results: Out of 8587 deliveries during one year period, teenage pregnancy was 4.4%. Out of 375 teenage pregnancies 24% deliveries resulted in low birth weight baby.
Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy was observed in this study also along with deliveries resulting in low birth weight.
Acute poisoning cases in emergency department of tertiary level hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Baral D , Rajbhandari S , Shrestha A , Basyal B , Prasad PN 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: To determine the pattern of acute poisoning cases presenting to the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal.
Method: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in the emergency department of TUTH analyzing the data of poisoningw cases that attended emergency during one year period.
Result: A total of 276 cases presented to the emergency during the period of one yearfrom February 9, 2010 to February 8, 2011. There were 111 males (40.2%) and 165 females (59.8%). Most of the patients (42%) were in age group of 20-30 years. 170 (61.6%) patients were married. Occupation wise, 31.5% of the cases were housewives, 30.1% were students and 14.5% were laborers. Most of the cases were suicidal (75.4%). Insecticide was the most common poison (40.2%) whereas in 46 patients the poisons could not be identified. Oral was the route of poisoning in almost all cases (99.6%). Most of the cases had presented within 12 hours of intake of poison. Previous psychiatric illness was present in 13 cases (4.7%). Only 12 cases (4.3%) were admitted.
Conclusion: Females and young people are at greater risk of poisoning. The most common agent is insecticide and selfpoisoning is the most common mode of poisoning.
Down syndrome and its screening: knowledge, attitude and practice among pregnant women in Patan Hospital
Authors: Gurung Padma , Baniya Jeena , Malla Sameer 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of intellectual disability among live born children which can be detected prenatally. This study aims to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of pregnant women about Down syndrome and its available prenatal diagnosis.

Method: A study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Patan Academy of Health Sciences in 2021.All pregnant ladies who attended the antenatal clinic received a self-administered validated questionnaire to determine their knowledge of Down syndrome, its screening test and willingness to do prenatal testing.

Result: Majority of the participants (88%) belonged to age group of 18 to 35 years.59% were primigravidas. Almost 90% were Hindus and 55% had graduate level education. More than half of the participants had poor knowledge of DS and 60 % had no idea regarding the screening tests. However, more than half (56%) of them were willing to undergo screening for DS. One fifth of the women did not want to continue the pregnancy if baby had DS. Higher income is significantly associated with good knowledge in both domain (knowledge about DS, and knowledge about its screening). Illiterates are found to have better knowledge than educated group which seems a bit contradictory, but this might have been due to our smaller sample size.

Conclusion: There is a significant gap between women’s knowledge and their attitudes and practice, which has to be addressed with local and national policies and protocols. Informed decision making should be the norm after empowering pregnant women with knowledge.
Adequacy of information provided in the informed consent to patients undergoing surgery at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Joshi Arabind , Bhandary Shital , Maharjan Rony , Sah Mukesh Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Informed consent gives patient assurance and faith by providing information on diagnostic and therapeutic methods, risks, cost, complications, and alternative treatment options. This study aims to determine the adequacy of information provided in preoperative informed consent in everyday practice.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 388 patients undergoing surgery at Patan Hospital from November, 2016 to April, 2017. Respondentsâ€™ characteristics with Adequacy of information scale (AOI scale) were evaluated. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated for descriptive study while Student t-test and ANOVA test was applied for assessing association between categorical variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: Among participants 52.6% were females and 47.4% males with mean age of 40.69 years. Most of the patients were literate and with higher education. Male patients, exhibit a statistically significant higher AOI scale (p value <0.001) then females. Illiterates and people with higher education had statistically significant lower mean AOI scales (p value <0.001) compared to literates. A high mean AOI scale was associated with active involvement of both the surgeon and the patient in the decision-making process (p value <0.0001). Even among patients satisfied with consent process mean AOI scale was low (4.30=53.75%). The mean AOI scale did not differ significantly amongst patients of different ages, marital status, religion or caste.
Conclusion: There is a need of improving the preoperative informed consent process as adequacy of information provided is still lacking.
Keywords: Adequacy of information scale (AOI scale), informed consent, Patan Hospital, patient satisfaction
Histological Features of Kidney Observed Through Conventional Microscope and Paper Microscope, A Comparative Study
Authors: Singh Poonam , Phuyal Naveen , Paudel Sushanta , Malla Kaushal 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Paper microscope (Foldscope), one of the latest inventions in the field of science is an ultra-low cost, portable, versatile, and water proof microscope which does not require electricity. The aim of this research was to compare histological features of kidney observed in the normal microscope and foldscope. This research is focused on the comparison of the histological features of kidney observed in the conventional microscope and foldscope under 100X.
Method: This comparative study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. All histological slides of kidneys present at Department of Anatomy during June 2019-September 2019 were included in this study.
Result: A total of 25 samples were viewed under the conventional laboratory microscope (C x L and Paper Microscope (Foldscope). Foldscope observers were able to distinguish the histological features of the cortex and the medulla of the kidney along with the difference in the luminal size and the staining of the cells in the cortex and the medulla of the kidney. In comparison to conventional microscope, 5 (20%) of samples, observers were able to distinguish the features of the cells lining the tubules of the cortex and in 6 (24%) of samples, observers were able to distinguish the features of the cell lining collecting duct and straight tubules of loop of Henle of medulla using Foldoscope.
Conclusion: Paper microscope can be a useful alternative of conventional microscope in low resource settings for the identification of the histological samples.
Animal bite wound categories, their determinants and health seeking behaviors among patients presenting to the anti-rabies clinic at a tertiary care hospital of Kathmandu: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mishra Abadhesh Kumar , Bhandary Shital 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Rabies, an invariably fatal viral disease, is transmitted to humans through animal bites, most commonly dogs. There is little information about categories of wounds due to animal bites, their determinants and health seeking behaviors in Nepal. This study aims to find out different categories of the animal bite wounds , their determinants and health seeking behaviors among the patients presenting to the anti-rabies clinic at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu.

Method: This study is based on concurrent, triangulation (quantitative dominant) mixed method design. Those animal bite cases who attended Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital were the participants of the study. Data was collected purposively for 1 week and total number of respondents were 50. Then convergent, divergent, expansive findings were triangulated from the quantitative and qualitative data analysis.

Result: Most common type of animal was dog (74%) and most common category of the wound was category 2 (70%) followed by category 3 (30%). Most common site of exposure was leg (58%). Most common place of first visit after animal bite was health facility (94%). Around 46% of patients were referred from other places. Convergent findings revealed the most common type of animal that bit was dog. Divergent findings revealed the existence of cultural practices and consultations with local practitioner as the place of first visit after animal bite. Expansive findings revealed suggestions of preventing animal bites and decreasing referral of patients with animal bite.

Conclusion: Most common type of bite was dog-bite. Most common site of exposure was lower extremity of the body. Category 2 bite was the most common. They gave important suggestions to prevent future animal bites and to decrease referral of the animal bite injury patients from the periphery to this hospital.
Variation of clinical features in COVID-19: A narrative review
Authors: Bhusal Laxman , Bom Rabin , Devkota Dibya 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 is global pandemic condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which started in December in China, affecting 216 countries till date. Lack of experience and diverse clinical features of this virus is alarming to scientists and health personals.
Method: Systemic review search conducted using pub med, google scholar, WHO and CDC. Search was done using terms Coronavirus, clinical features, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERSCoV and COVID-19. COVID-19 or SARS-Cpv-2 related original English literature research, review articles, case reports, meta-analysis and systemic review were included.
Result: Having higher infectivity of COVID-19 compared to previous epidemics of coronavirus, droplet transmission occurs both from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Aerosol transmission occurs in protracted exposure to elevated concentrations of virus. Besides fever, cough and SOB, GI symptoms like nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea were seen. Anosmia is evolving as new clinical feature. Increased thrombotic complications in critically ill patients were pronounced. Most cases were mild with low case fatality rate ranging from 2.3-7.2% among critical patients.
Conclusion: Despite recent advances and increasing studies, the global pandemic COVID-19 still remains major headache and challenging for governments across the world due to limited testing capacity, treatment and vaccine.
Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with borderline versus normal amniotic fluid index â€“ A prospective study
Authors: Mishra Anamika , Neupane Ram Prasad , Prasad Pratap Narayan , Thakur Abhishek Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Amniotic fluid cavity filled with liquor amnii is a natural floating bed for fetus required for its existence and growth in sterile environment, regulation of temperature, avoidance of external injury and reduction of impact of uterine contractions. Amniotic fluid has high influence on the fetal outcome and is directly related to the perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to compare the pregnancy outcomes in patients with borderline AFI between 5-8 cm and normal AFI >/= 8-24 cm.
Method: This was a prospective observational study of 108 pregnant women. After Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) assessment, they were categorized into two groups: those with AFI 5-8 cm (Group 1) and with AFI >/=8-24 cm (Group 2) accordingly. Pregnancy outcomes was noted in terms of mode of delivery, amniotic fluid colour & fetal birth weight.
Result: Six(11.1%) had instrumental delivery & 28 (51.8%) had Cesarean section in borderline AFI group. 6 (11.1%) had instrumental delivery & 14 (26%) had Cesarean section in normal AFI group. 28 (51.9%) had meconium stained amniotic fluid in borderline AFI group & 13 (24.1 %) had meconium stained amniotic fluid in normal AFI group. 110 (18.5%) newborns had fetal birth weight of <2.5 kg in borderline AFI group & 1 (1.9%) newborns had fetal birth weight <2.5 kg in normal AFI group.
Conclusion: Amniotic Fluid Index between 5-8 cm during term pregnancy has a significant association with higher rate of intervention during delivery, higher rate of meconium staining of liquor & a significantly higher rate of low birth weight.