bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of childhood cancer in Armenia: a case-control study
Authors: Avagyan Manushak , Demirchyan Anahit , Abrahamyan Lusine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Childhood cancer (CC) is a leading cause of death among children aged 0–19 years worldwide. Each year, 400,000 new cases of CC are diagnosed globally. Given the between-country differences in CC incidence rates, types and trends, this study aimed to identify possible risk factors for CC in Armenia.

Methods
We used a case-control study design and enrolled participants from the only specialized pediatric hematology and oncology center in Armenia. Cases included patients ≤ 14 years old diagnosed and treated with a malignant disease between 2017 and 2020 in the centre. Controls included patients diagnosed and treated in the center during the same period for a non-malignant disease. We conducted telephone interviews with mothers of cases and controls. Independent risk factors of cancer were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
Overall, 234 participants (117 cases, 117 controls) were included in the study. Based on the fitted model, maternal usage of folic acid during pregnancy was protective against CC, almost twice decreasing its odds (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31–0.94). On the contrary, experiencing horrifying/terrifying event(s) during pregnancy (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.18–4.07) and having induced abortions before getting pregnant with the given child (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.45–5.96) were associated with higher odds for a child to develop cancer.

Conclusion
Despite the limited sample size of the study, significant modifiable risk factors for CC in Armenia were identified, all of which were linked to the period of pregnancy. The data from this study adds to the limited information available from etiological CC research throughout the world, and it will increase understanding of CC risk factors in settings with small populations and low resources. Although these findings may be helpful for future research, they should be taken with caution unless validated from further larger-scale studies.
The barriers and facilitators to the reporting and recording of self-harm in young people aged 18 and under: a systematic review
Authors: Waller Gillian , Newbury-Birch Dorothy , Simpson Diane , Armstrong Emma , James Becky , Chapman Lucy , Ahmed Farhin , Ferguson Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
This systematic review sought to identify, explain and interpret the prominent or recurring themes relating to the barriers and facilitators of reporting and recording of self-harm in young people across different settings, such as the healthcare setting, schools and the criminal justice setting.

Methods
A search strategy was developed to ensure all relevant literature around the reporting and recording of self-harm in young people was obtained. Literature searches were conducted in six databases and a grey literature search of policy documents and relevant material was also conducted. Due to the range of available literature, both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were considered for inclusion.

Results
Following the completion of the literature searches and sifting, nineteen papers were eligible for inclusion.
Facilitators to reporting self-harm across the different settings were found to be recognising self-harm behaviours, using passive screening, training and experience, positive communication, and safe, private information sharing. Barriers to reporting self-harm included confidentiality concerns, negative perceptions of young people, communication difficulties, stigma, staff lacking knowledge around self-harm, and a lack of time, money and resources.
Facilitators to recording self-harm across the different settings included being open to discussing what is recorded, services working together and co-ordinated help. Barriers to recording self-harm were mainly around stigma, the information being recorded and the ability of staff being able to do so, and their length of professional experience.

Conclusion
Following the review of the current evidence, it was apparent that there was still progress to be made to improve the reporting and recording of self-harm in young people, across the different settings. Future work should concentrate on better understanding the facilitators, whilst aiming to ameliorate the barriers.
Parents’ drinking, childhood hangover? Parental alcohol use, subjective health complaints and perceived stress among Swedish adolescents aged 10–18 years
Authors: Wahlström Joakim , Magnusson Charlotta , Låftman Sara Brolin , Svensson Johan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Alcohol abuse is not only harmful to the consumer but may also negatively impact individuals in the drinker’s social environment. Alcohol’s harm to others is vital to consider when calculating the true societal cost of alcohol use. Children of parents who have alcohol use disorder tend to have an elevated risk of negative outcomes regarding, e.g., health, education, and social relationships. Research on the general youth population has established a link between parental drinking and offspring alcohol use. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding other outcomes, such as health. The current study aimed to investigate the associations between parental drinking and children’s psychological and somatic complaints, and perceived stress.

Methods
Data were derived from a nationally representative sample, obtained from the 2010 Swedish Level-of-Living survey (LNU). Parents and adolescents (ages 10–18) living in the same households were interviewed independently. The final study sample included 909 adolescents from 629 households. The three outcomes, psychological and somatic complaints and perceived stress, were derived from adolescents’ self-reports. Parents’ self-reports of alcohol use, both frequency and quantity, were used to categorise adolescents as having abstaining, low-consuming, moderate-drinking, or heavy-drinking parents. Control variables included adolescents’ gender, age, family structure, and household socioeconomic status. Linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
Parental heavy drinking was more common among adolescents living in more socioeconomically advantaged households and among adolescents living with two custodial parents or in reconstituted families. Adolescents with heavy-drinking parents reported higher levels of psychological and somatic complaints and had an increased likelihood of reporting stress, compared with those having moderate-drinking parents. These associations remained statistically significant when adjusting for all control variables.

Conclusion
The current study’s results show that parental alcohol consumption is associated with poorer offspring adolescent health. Public health policies that aim to reduce parental drinking or provide support to these adolescents may be beneficial. Further studies investigating the health-related outcomes among young people living with heavy-drinking parents in the general population are needed to gain more knowledge about these individuals and to implement adequate public health measures.
Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for delayed discharge in elderly patients with hip fracture
Authors: Cao Hong , Yu Jian , Chang YaRu , Li Yue , Zhou Bingqian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBecause of their poor physical state, elderly hip fracture patients commonly require prolonged hospitalization, resulting in a drop in bed circulation rate and an increased financial burden. There are currently few predictive models for delayed hospital discharge for hip fractures. This research aimed to develop the optimal model for delayed hospital discharge for hip fractures in order to support clinical decision-making.MethodsThis case-control research consisted of 1259 patients who were continuously hospitalized in the orthopedic unit of an acute hospital in Tianjin due to a fragility hip fracture between January and December 2021. Delayed discharge was defined as a hospital stay of more than 11 days. The prediction model was constructed through the use of a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Furthermore, the constructed prediction model was transformed into a nomogram. The model’s performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). the STROBE checklist was used as the reporting guideline.ResultsThe risk prediction model developed contained the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), preoperative waiting time, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and lower limbs arteriosclerosis. The AUC for the risk of delayed discharge was in the training set was 0.820 (95% CI,0.79 ~ 0.85) and 0.817 in the testing sets. The calibration revealed that the forecasted cumulative risk and observed probability of delayed discharge were quite similar. Using the risk prediction model, a higher net benefit was observed than when considered all patients were at high risk, demonstrating good clinical usefulness.ConclusionOur prediction models could support policymakers in developing strategies for the optimal management of hip fracture patients, with a particular emphasis on individuals at high risk of prolonged LOS.
Acellular dermal matrix for one-stage treatment of lower extremity full-thickness skin defect: a case series
Authors: Li Gongchi , Shen Qian , Zhou Pan , Liu Hanlin , Chen Jianghai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Self-repair of lower limb wounds has always been one of the research hotspots. Flaps and skin graft are the preferred treatment for lower extremity wound reconstruction. However, these treatments have many disadvantages, such as secondary damage, poor healing quality. In recent years, the use of acellular dermal matrix has emerged as an alternative treatment option for extremity ulcers.

Methods
This study aimed to explore whether acellular dermal matrix can be used as a single treatment to promote wound healing. 7 patients with lower extremities cutaneous deficiency exposing bone or tendon, were covered by Pelnac, which was an acellular dermal matrix product approved by China Food and Drug Administration. All the wound was treated by Pelnac without flaps and skin graft. The external dressing was changed every 10 days.

Results
After a maximum of 20 weeks, all the wounds were completely healed. During the 12 months follow-up period none of the patients developed skin wear on the treatment area. All patients maintained their postoperative ambulatory ability. All patients were satisfied with the appearance and feeling after wound healing.

Conclusion
These findings may mean acellular dermal matrix is a novel method offering opportunity for treatment of lower extremities cutaneous deficiency exposing bone or tendon. It also has the potential to close wounds of all uninfected, non-ischemic, full-thickness cutaneous deficiency.
Retreatment of XP-endo Shaper and R-Endo files in curved root canals
Authors: Hassan Hayam Y. , Hadhoud Fahd M. , Mandorah Ayman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the retreatment efficiency of XP-endo Shaper and R-Endo files in curved root canals using ImageJ software.

Methods
Forty extracted mandibular first molars with curved mesial canals (25°–35°) were chosen. Access cavities, preparation and obturation of root canals were performed. Roots were randomly distributed into two groups corresponding to the retreatment files used. Group 1 retreated with XP-endo Shaper file, and group 2 retreated with R-Endo files. Each root was sectioned and photographed. ImageJ software was used to estimate the percentage of residual filling material that existed on the three root canal segments. Mann–Whitney U and the Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare the percentages of residual filling material between the teeth segments (P < .05).

Results
The R-Endo group showed a significantly higher median percentage of residual filling material than the XP-endo Shaper group. In both groups, the coronal segments had the highest median of the residual filling material, followed by the middle and apical segments.

Conclusion
XP-endo Shaper is significantly more effective than R-Endo in removing root canal filling materials in the coronal, middle, and apical segments.
Comparative evaluation of caries prevalence among group of Egyptian adolescents using DMFS and ICDASII methods: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zaazou Mohamed. H. , Zaki Dalia Y. , Abdelnabi Ali , Hamdy Tamer M. , Saleh Reham S. , Hassan Shahinaz N. , Zaki Zeinab M. , Moharam Lamiaa M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Limited data is available regarding the prevalence of dental caries as a chronic disease among adolescents using different caries assessment indices. The aim of this study was to compare and describe the prevalence of dental caries among group of Egyptian students using two caries assessment indices; DMFS and ICDAS II.

Methods
This descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study included 2760 public secondary school students with age range from 15 to 18 years with permanent dentition and good general health. Presence of; retained teeth, congenital or developmental anomalies in the permanent dentition, orthodontic treatments, systematic conditions, smoking and general health problems were considered the exclusion criteria in this study. Participants were selected randomly from 8 public secondary schools in the Great Cairo, Egypt. The examination was achieved by 6 trained and previously calibrated examiners using sets of diagnostic mirrors, compressed air, a WHO probe and cotton rolls. DMFS index and ICDAS II system were used as caries detection methods. In DMFS index; the number of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) surfaces was recorded, while in the ICDAS II index, the assessment of both cavitated and non-cavitated carious, missed and filled teeth with restorations /sealants was recorded. The examiners performed the oral examination using both scoring systems in an alternating manner. The collected data were explored for normality using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests. Chi square test was used to analyze the frequencies.

Results
There was a statistical significant difference between the DMFS and ICDAS II methods results regarding the recorded number of caries affected teeth and cavitated teeth surfaces. The prevalence of dental caries among the investigated secondary school students was (69.56%) and (78.29%) for DMFS and ICDAS II, respectively.

Conclusions
The prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian adolescent is high. ICDAS scoring system revealed higher caries prevalence values than DMFS method. ICDAS method is the best choice for the preventive goals, while DMFS is sufficient for clinical purposes.
Public stigma and treatment preferences for alcohol use disorders
Authors: Finn Sara Wallhed , Mejldal Anna , Nielsen Anette Søgaard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are among the most highly stigmatized medical conditions. Only a minority of individuals with AUD seek treatment, and stigma is one of the most prominent barriers to treatment-seeking. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the associations between stigma and preferences for help-seeking, and the associations between stigma and preferences for treatment seeking.

Aim
to investigate the associations between stigma and preferences for where to seek help and treatment for AUD. As sub-analyses, associations between stigma, level of alcohol use and preferences for help-seeking and treatment preferences will be analyzed.

Method
Cross-sectional design, including n = 3037 participants aged 30 – 65 years, living in Denmark. Data: In 2020, an online questionnaire was administered by a market research company. The questionnaire covered demographics, preferences for help-seeking and treatment for AUD, stigma measured with the Difference, Disdain & Blame Scales for Public Stigma, and alcohol use measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Test (AUDIT). Analyses: restricted cubic spline models were applied to model outcomes. Odds ratios were calculated.

Results
A lower level of stigma was associated with a higher probability of preferring formal and informal help-seeking for AUD. Both high and low levels of stigma were associated with a higher probability of preferring to consult general practitioners. Stigma was not associated with other preferences for treatment-seeking, nor trying to change oneself or a passive strategy. The sub-analyses, grouped by level of alcohol use, showed similar results.

Conclusion
Stigma is associated with lower preferences for formal and informal help-seeking, however not type of treatment preferred. Future studies should address stigma in relation to other factors of the treatment-seeking process.
Contraceptive stockouts in Western Kenya: a mixed-methods mystery client study
Authors: Tumlinson Katherine , Britton Laura E. , Goland Emilia , Chung Stephanie , Bullington Brooke W. , Williams Caitlin R. , Wambua Debborah Muthoki , Onyango Dickens Otieno , Senderowicz Leigh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of modern contraception use is higher in Kenya than in most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The uptake has however slowed down in recent years, which, among other factors, has been attributed to challenges in the supply chain and increasing stockouts of family planning commodities. Research on the frequency of contraceptive stockouts and its consequences for women in Kenya is still limited and mainly based on facility audits.

Methods
This study employs a set of methods that includes mystery clients, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and journey mapping workshops. Using this multi-method approach, we aim to quantify the frequency of method denial resulting from contraceptive stockout and describe the impact of stockouts on the lived experiences of women seeking contraception in Western Kenya.

Results
Contraceptives were found to be out of stock in 19% of visits made to health facilities by mystery clients, with all contraceptive methods stocked out in 9% of visits. Women experienced stockouts as a sizeable barrier to accessing their preferred method of contraception and a reason for taking up non-preferred methods, which has dire consequences for heath, autonomy, and the ability to prevent unintended pregnancy. Reasons for contraceptive stockouts are many and complex, and often linked to challenges in the supply chain – including inefficient planning, procurement, and distribution of family planning commodities.

Conclusions
Contraceptive stockouts are frequent and negatively impact patients, providers, and communities. Based on the findings of this study, the authors identify areas where funding and sustained action have the potential to ameliorate the frequency and severity of contraceptive stockouts, including more regular deliveries, in-person data collection, and use of data for forecasting, and point to areas where further research is needed.
Aedes aegypti exhibits a distinctive mode of late ovarian development
Authors: Zhang Heng , Goh Feng Guang , Ng Lee Ching , Chen Chun Hong , Cai Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundInsects live in almost every habitat on earth. To adapt to their diverse environments, insects have developed a myriad of different strategies for reproduction reflected in diverse anatomical and behavioral features that the reproductive systems of females exhibit. Yet, ovarian development remains largely uncharacterized in most species exceptDrosophila melanogaster(D. melanogaster), a high Diptera model. In this study, we investigated the detailed developmental process of the ovary inAedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti), a major vector of various disease-causing pathogens that inhabits tropical and subtropical regions.ResultsCompared withDrosophila melanogaster, a model of higher Diptera, the processes of pole cell formation and gonad establishment during embryonic stage are highly conserved inAe. aegypti. However,Ae. aegyptiutilizes a distinct strategy to form functional ovaries during larval/pupal development. First, during larval stage,Ae. aegyptiprimordial germ cells (PGCs) undergo a cyst-like proliferation with synchronized divisions and incomplete cytokinesis, leading to the formation of one tightly packed “PGC mass” containing several interconnected cysts, different fromD. melanogasterPGCs that divide individually. This cyst-like proliferation is regulated by the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway upon nutritional status. Second, ecdysone-triggered ovariole formation during metamorphosis exhibits distinct events, including “PGC mass” breakdown, terminal filament cell degeneration, and pre-ovariole migration. These unique developmental features might explain the structural and behavioral differences betweenAedesandDrosophilaovaries. Importantly, both cyst-like proliferation and distinct ovariole formation are also observed inCulex quinquefasciatusandAnopheles sinensis, suggesting a conserved mode of ovarian development among mosquito species. In comparison withDrosophila, the ovarian development inAedesand other mosquitoes might represent a primitive mode in the lower Diptera.ConclusionsOur study reveals a new mode of ovarian development in mosquitoes, providing insights into a better understanding of the reproductive system and evolutionary relationship among insects.
Starch intake, amylase gene copy number variation, plasma proteins, and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality
Authors: Li Huiping , Borné Yan , Wang Yaogang , Sonestedt Emily 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSalivary amylase, encoded by theAMY1gene, initiate the digestion of starch. Whether starch intake orAMY1copy number is related to disease risk is currently rather unknown. The aim was to investigate the association between starch intake andAMY1copy number and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality and whether there is an interaction. In addition, we aim to identify CVD-related plasma proteins associated with starch intake andAMY1copy number.MethodsThis prospective cohort study used data from 21,268 participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Dietary data were collected through a modified diet history method and incident CVD and mortality were ascertained through registers.AMY1gene copy number was determined by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, a risk score of 10 genetic variants inAMY1was measured, and a total of 88 selected CVD-related proteins were measured. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the associations of starch intake andAMY1copy number with disease risk. Linear regression was used to identify plasma proteins associated with starch intake andAMY1copy number.ResultsOver a median of 23 years’ follow-up, 4443 individuals developed CVD event and 8125 died. After adjusting for potential confounders, a U-shape association between starch intake and risk of CVD (P-nonlinearity = 0.001) and all-cause mortality (P-nonlinearity = 0.03) was observed. No significant association was found betweenAMY1copy number and risk of CVD and mortality, and there were no interactions between starch intake andAMY1copy number (Pinteraction > 0.23). Among the 88 plasma proteins, adrenomedullin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, fatty acid-binding protein, leptin, and C-C motif chemokine 20 were associated with starch intake after adjusting for multiple testing.ConclusionsIn this large prospective study among Swedish adults, a U-shaped association between starch intake and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality was found. Several plasma proteins were identified which might provide information on potential pathways for such association.AMY1copy number was not associated with CVD risk or any of the plasma proteins, and there was no interaction between starch intake andAMY1copy number on disease risk.