bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of fruit syndromes in the recently diverged wild tomato clade opens new possibilities for the study of fleshy fruit evolution
Authors: Barnett Jacob R. , Sharma Rovin , Buonauro Gina , Gillis Ian M. , Rashidzade Maryam , Caicedo Ana L. 
Published: June 2023

Societal Impact StatementFleshy fruits provide humans with many flavorful and nutritious crops. Understanding the diversity of these plants is fundamental to managing agriculture and food security in a changing world. This study surveyed fruit trait variation across species of tomato wild relatives and explored associations among color, size, shape, sugars, and acids. These wild tomato species native to South America can be interbred with the economically important cultivated tomato. Beyond its application to tomatoes, deepening our knowledge of how fruit traits evolve together is valuable to crop improvement efforts aimed at breeding more nutritious and appealing varieties of fruits.Summary

Fleshy fruits display a striking diversity of traits, many of which are important for agriculture. The evolutionary drivers of this variation are not well understood, and most studies have relied on variation found in the wild. Few studies have explored this question on a fine‐grained scale with a group of recently diverged species while controlling for environmental effects.
We developed the tomato clade as a novel system for fruit trait evolution research by presenting the first common garden‐based systematic survey of variation and phylogenetic signal in color, nutrition, and morphology traits across all 13 species of tomato wild relatives (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon). We laid the groundwork for further testing of potential evolutionary drivers by assessing patterns of clustering and correlation among disperser‐relevant fruit traits as well as historical climate variables.
We found evidence of two distinct clusters of associated fruit traits defined by color, sugar type, and malic acid concentration. We also observed correlations between a fruit's external appearance and internal nutrient content that could function as honest signals to dispersers. Analyses of historical climate and soil variables revealed an association between red/orange/yellow fruits and high annual average temperature.
Our results establish the tomato clade as a promising system for testing hypotheses on the drivers of divergence behind early‐stage fleshy fruit evolution, particularly selective pressure from frugivores.
A review on the adsorption of diuron, carbaryl, and alachlor using natural and activated clays
Authors: Isak Nensi , Xhaxhiu Kledi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPesticides are considered predominant organic pollutants because they are widespread in many ecosystems. Pesticide residues can degrade chemically, physically, and biochemically in nature, but, because of their high stability and, in some cases, water solubility, they continue to persist in the environment. Pesticides have been eliminated from contaminated waters using a variety of methods that fall under the categories of biological, chemical, physical, and physicochemical remediation processes from various types of matrices, including water and soil. Due to their excellent qualities as adsorbents and pesticide transporters, the use of natural soil components such as clays, iron oxides, or humic acid has recently attracted growing interest. Clays have several advantages over other adsorbents, including large specific surface areas due to their small particle size, low cost, and widespread availability. Clay minerals have a great capacity for adsorption due to Coulombic forces and, attributable to their large surface area, van der Waals forces. This review describes historical, current, and emerging techniques and materials to remove the pesticides diuron, carbaryl, and alachlor using clays as adsorbents.
Similarities and differences in placental development between humans and cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Matsumoto Shoma , Okamura Eiichi , Muto Masanaga , Ema Masatsugu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe placenta is an extraembryonic organ, which is essential to maintain a normal pregnancy. However, placental development in humans is poorly understood because of technical and ethical reasons.MethodsWe analyzed the anatomical localization of each trophoblastic subtype in the cynomolgus monkey placenta by immunohistochemistry in the early second trimester. Histological differences among the mouse, cynomolgus monkey, and human placenta were compared. The PubMed database was used to search for studies on placentation in rodents and primates.Main findingsThe anatomical structures and subtypes of the placenta in cynomolgus monkeys are highly similar to those in humans, with the exception of fewer interstitial extravillous trophoblasts in cynomolgus monkeys.ConclusionThe cynomolgus monkey appears to be a good animal model to investigate human placentation.
Non‐Settling Super‐Strong Magnetorheological Fluids
Authors: Seo Yongsok 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA magnetorheological (MR) fluid is generally called a suspension in which magnetic particles are dispersed in a non‐magnetic medium. When an external magnetic field is applied, a pseudo‐phase transition occurs within a short time to generate yield stress, and when the magnetic field is released, it returns to the suspended state. Due to these unique characteristics, it is classified as a smart material to be widely applied in various industries. High performance MR fluids require high yield stress and stability for long‐term use. However, it is very difficult to improve performance and stability simultaneously due to the limited amount of magnetic particles in the suspension and particle sedimentation caused by the density mismatch between the suspending particles and the liquid phase. In this study, an MR slurry is developed that is completely different from the MR suspension, starting from the opposite concept. An innovative non‐settling (i.e., permanently stable) magnetorheological slurry is successfully created that exhibits unprecedented ultra‐high yield stress. This result is expected to be a turning point for applying MR fluids to more diverse industries. In addition, a simple fitting equation expressing the yield stress as a function of the particle volume fraction is proposed.
Rational Engineering of p‐n Heterogeneous ZnS/SnO2 Quantum Dots with Fast Ion Kinetics for Superior Li/Na‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhan Guang‐Hao , Liao Wen‐Hua , Hu Qian‐Qian , Wu Xiao‐Hui , Huang Xiao‐Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConstructing heterogeneous nanostructures is an efficient strategy to improve the electrical and ionic conductivity of metal chalcogenide‐based anodes. Herein, ZnS/SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) as p‐n heterojunctions that are uniformly anchored to reduced graphene oxides (ZnS‐SnO2@rGO) are designed and engineered. Combining the merits of fast electron transport via the internal electric field and a greatly shortened Li/Na ion diffusion pathway in the ZnS/SnO2 QDs (3–5 nm), along with the excellent electrical conductivity and good structural stability provided by the rGO matrix, the ZnS‐SnO2@rGO anode exhibits enhanced electronic and ionic conductivity, which can be proved by both experiments and theoretical calculations. Consequently, the ZnS‐SnO2@rGO anode shows a significantly improved rate performance that simple counterpart composite anodes cannot achieve. Specifically, high reversible specific capacities are achieved for both lithium‐ion battery (551 mA h g−1 at 5.0 A g−1, 670 mA h g−1 at 3.0 A g−1 after 1400 cycles) and sodium‐ion battery (334 mA h g−1 at 5.0 A g−1, 313 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 400 cycles). Thus, this strategy to build semiconductor metal sulfides/metal oxide heterostructures at the atomic scale may inspire the rational design of metal compounds for high‐performance battery applications.
Revisiting the Hetero‐Interface of Electrolyte/2D Materials in an Electric Double Layer Device
Authors: Hu Xin , Jiang Hao , Lu Liang‐Xing , Zhao Shou‐Xin , Li Yang , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectric double layer (EDL) devices based on 2D materials have made great achievements for versatile electronic and opto‐electronic applications; however, the ion dynamics and electric field distribution of the EDL at the electrolyte/2D material interface and their influence on the physical properties of 2D materials have not been clearly clarified. In this work, by using Kelvin probe force microscope and steady/transient optical techniques, the character of the EDL and its influence on the optical properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are probed. The potential drop, unscreened EDL potential distribution, and accumulated carriers at the electrolyte/TMD interface are revealed, which can be explained by nonlinear Thomas–Fermi theory. By monitoring the potential distribution along the channel, the evolution of the electric field‐induced lateral junction in the TMD EDL transistor is accessed, giving rise to the better exploration of EDL device physics. More importantly, EDL gate‐dependent carrier recombination and exciton–exciton annihilation in monolayer TMDs on lithium‐ion solid state electrolyte (Li2Al2SiP2TiO13) are evaluated for the first time, benefiting from the understanding of the interaction between ions, carriers, and excitons. The work will deepen the understanding of the EDL for the exploitation of functional device applications.
Coherent Sub‐Nanometer Interface between Crystalline and Amorphous Materials Boosts Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Bao Zhikang , Yao Zihao , Zhu Chongzhi , Liu Yikuan , Zhang Shijie , Zhao Jinyan , Ding Lei , Xu Zaixiang , Zhong Xing , Zhu Yihan , Wang Jianguo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere are enormous yet largely underexplored exotic phenomena and properties emerging from interfaces constructed by diverse types of components that may differ in composition, shape, or crystal structure. It remains poorly understood the unique properties a coherent interface between crystalline and amorphous materials may evoke, and there lacks a general strategy to fabricate such interfaces. It is demonstrated that by topotactic partial oxidation heterostructures composed of coherently registered crystalline and amorphous materials can be constructed. As a proof‐of‐concept study, heterostructures consisting of crystalline P3N5 and amorphous P3N5Ox can be synthesized by creating amorphous P3N5Ox from crystalline P3N5 without interrupting the covalent bonding across the coherent interface. The heterostructure is dictated by nanometer‐sized short‐range‐ordered P3N5 domains enclosed by amorphous P3N5Ox matrix, which entails simultaneously fast charge transfer across the interface and bicomponent synergistic effect in catalysis. Such a P3N5/P3N5Ox heterostructure attains an optimal adsorption energy for *OOH intermediates and exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance toward H2O2 production by adopting a selectivity of 96.68% at 0.4 VRHE and a production rate of 321.5 mmol h−1 gcatalyst−1 at −0.3 VRHE. The current study provides new insights into the synthetic strategy, chemical structure, and catalytic property of a sub‐nanometer coherent interface formed between crystalline and amorphous materials.
Recent Advances of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides‐Based Materials for Energy Storage Devices, in View of Monovalent to Divalent Ions
Authors: Ali Salamat , Ahmad Shah Syed Shoaib , Sufyan Javed Muhammad , Najam Tayyaba , Parkash Anand , Khan Shaukat , Bajaber Majed A. , Eldin Sayed M. M. , Tayeb Roaa A. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Qi Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe fast growth of electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems necessitates using innovative, high‐performance electrode materials. Among the various EES devices, rechargeable batteries (RBs) with potential features like high energy density and extensive lifetime are well suited to meet rapidly increasing energy demands. Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), typical two dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, are considered auspicious materials for RBs because of their layered structures and large specific surface areas (SSA) that benefit quick ion transportation. This review summarizes and highlights recent advances in TMDs with improved performance for various RBs. Through novel engineering and functionalization used for high‐performance RBs, we briefly discuss the properties, characterizations, and electrochemistry phenomena of TMDs. We summarised that engineering with multiple techniques, like nanocomposites used for TMDs receives special attention. In conclusion, the recent issues and promising upcoming research openings for developing TMDs‐based electrodes for RBs are discussed.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds Involving Indole Derivatives
Authors: Kee Cheng Jun , Tan Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndoles are one of the most ubiquitous subclass of N‐heterocycles and are increasingly incorporated to design new axially chiral scaffolds. The rich profile of reactivity and N−H functionality allow chemical derivatization for enhanced medicinal, material and catalytic properties. Although asymmetric C−C coupling of two arenes gives the most direct access of axially chiral biaryl scaffolds, this chemistry has been the remit of metal catalysis and works efficiently on limited substrates. Our group has devoted special interest in devising novel organocatalytic arylation reactions to fabricate biaryl atropisomers. In this realm, indoles and derivatives have been reliably used as the arylation partners in combination with azoarenes, nitrosonapthalenes and quinone derivatives. Their efficient interaction with chiral phosphoric acid catalyst as well as the tunability of electronics and sterics have enabled excellent control of stereo‐, chemo‐ and regioselectivity to furnish diverse scaffolds. In addition, indoles could act as nucleophiles in desymmetrization of 1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐diones. This account provides a succinct illustration of these developments.
Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Borylation and Silylation Reactions
Authors: Biremond Tony , Riomet Margaux , Jubault Philippe , Poisson Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to their high versatility borylated and silylated compounds are inevitable synthons for organic chemists. To escape the classical hydroboration/hydrosilylation paradigm, chemists turned their attention to more modern and green methods such as photoredox chemistry and electrosynthesis. This account focuses on novel methods for the generation of boryl and silyl radicals to forge C−B and C−Si bonds from our group.
Cadmium (Cd) and 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐47) co‐exposure induces acute kidney injury through oxidative stress and RIPK3‐dependent necroptosis
Authors: Tang Jie , Zhang Nenghua , Chen Shipiao , Hu Kewei , Li Yintao , Fang Yipeng , Wu Zhenqiang , Zhang Yi , Xu Long 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnvironmental pollution is complex, and co‐exposure can accurately reflect the true environmental conditions that are important for assessment of human health. Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread toxicant that can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), while its combined effect with 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐47) is not fully understood. Thus, we used an in vivo model where C57BL/6J mice were treated with low dietary intake of Cd (5 mg/kg/day) and/or BDE‐47 (1 mg/kg/day) for 28 days to examine AKI, and in vitro experiments to investigate the possible mechanism. Results showed that Cd or BDE‐47 caused pathological kidney damage, accompanied by elevated urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary creatinine, as well as increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and reduced IL‐10 in kidney tissues. In vitro Cd or BDE‐47 exposure decreased cell viability and induced cell swelling and blebbing of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK‐293) and renal tubular epithelial cell lines (HKCs), and changes in co‐exposure was larger than that in Cd and BDE‐47 treatment. Oxidative stress indicators of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated, while the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased. Necrosis occurred with increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and propidium iodide (PI) staining, which was attenuated by the ROS scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC). Furthermore, necroptotic genes of receptor‐interacting protein kinase‐3 (RIPK3), classical mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein‐dependent (MLKL), IL‐1β and TNF‐α were up‐regulated, whereas RIPK1 was down‐regulated, which was attenuated by the RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872. These findings demonstrate that Cd or BDE‐47 alone produces kidney toxicities, and co‐exposure poses an additive effect, resulting in AKI via inducing oxidative stress and regulating RIPK3‐dependent necroptosis, which offers a further mechanistic understanding for kidney damage, and the combined effect of environmental pollutants should be noticed.
Scaffolding Writing During an Inquiry Workshop
Authors: Spence Lucy K. , Mitra Ayan , Easterday Abby , Espinosa Celina‐Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeven children ages five through nine engaged with two graduate student teachers after school in a university‐based literacy lab. Based on a home interest survey, the essential question, “What is movement?” was explored. The children generated further questions, read a variety of texts, and wrote about their experiences. The teachers focused on scaffolding the children's writing through demonstration, collaborative writing, and individualized instruction based on children's needs. This article describes two teachers' processes of scaffolding during an inquiry workshop. This is followed by suggestions and examples for implementing inquiry and scaffolded writing in school‐based classrooms.
Passive sweat wearable: A new paradigm in the wearable landscape toward enabling “detect to treat” opportunities
Authors: Greyling Cornelia Felicia , Ganguly Antra , Sardesai Abha Umesh , Churcher Nathan Kodjo Mintah , Lin Kai‐Chun , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrowing interest over recent years in personalized health monitoring coupled with the skyrocketing popularity of wearable smart devices has led to the increased relevance of wearable sweat‐based sensors for biomarker detection. From optimizing workouts to risk management of cardiovascular diseases and monitoring prediabetes, the ability of sweat sensors to continuously and noninvasively measure biomarkers in real‐time has a wide range of applications. Conventional sweat sensors utilize external stimulation of sweat glands to obtain samples, however; this stimulation influences the expression profile of the biomarkers and reduces the accuracy of the detection method. To address this limitation, our laboratory pioneered the development of the passive sweat sensor subfield, which allowed for our progress in developing a sweat chemistry panel. Passive sweat sensors utilize nanoporous structures to confine and detect biomarkers in ultra‐low sweat volumes. The ability of passive sweat sensors to use smaller samples than conventional sensors enable users with sedentary lifestyles who perspire less to benefit from sweat sensor technology not previously afforded to them. Herein, the mechanisms and strategies of current sweat sensors are summarized with an emphasis on the emerging subfield of passive sweat‐based diagnostics. Prospects for this technology include discovering new biomarkers expressed in sweat and expanding the list of relevant detectable biomarkers. Moreover, the accuracy of biomarker detection can be enhanced with machine learning using prediction algorithms trained on clinical data. Applying this machine learning in conjunction with multiplex biomarker detection will allow for a more holistic approach to trend predictions.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Differing SAGA module requirements for NCR‐sensitive gene transcription in yeast
Authors: Georis Isabelle , Ronsmans Aria , Vierendeels Fabienne , Dubois Evelyne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) is a means for yeast to adapt its transcriptome to changing nitrogen sources in its environment. In conditions of derepression (under poor nitrogen conditions, upon rapamycin treatment, or when glutamine production is inhibited), two transcriptional activators of the GATA family are recruited to NCR‐sensitive promoters and activate transcription of NCR‐sensitive genes. Earlier observations have involved the Spt‐Ada‐Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) chromatin remodeling complex in these transcriptional regulations. In this report, we provide an illustration of the varying NCR‐sensitive responses and question whether differing SAGA recruitment could explain this diversity of responses.
Using scalarizations for the approximation of multiobjective optimization problems: towards a general theory
Authors: Helfrich Stephan , Herzel Arne , Ruzika Stefan , Thielen Clemens 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the approximation of general multiobjective optimization problems with the help of scalarizations. Existing results state that multiobjective minimization problems can be approximated well by norm-based scalarizations. However, for multiobjective maximization problems, only impossibility results are known so far. Countering this, we show that all multiobjective optimization problems can, in principle, be approximated equally well by scalarizations. In this context, we introduce a transformation theory for scalarizations that establishes the following: Suppose there exists a scalarization that yields an approximation of a certain quality for arbitrary instances of multiobjective optimization problems with a given decomposition specifying which objective functions are to be minimized/maximized. Then, for each other decomposition, our transformation yields another scalarization that yields the same approximation quality for arbitrary instances of problems with this other decomposition. In this sense, the existing results about the approximation via scalarizations for minimization problems carry over to any other objective decomposition—in particular, to maximization problems—when suitably adapting the employed scalarization. We further provide necessary and sufficient conditions on a scalarization such that its optimal solutions achieve a constant approximation quality. We give an upper bound on the best achievable approximation quality that applies to general scalarizations and is tight for the majority of norm-based scalarizations applied in the context of multiobjective optimization. As a consequence, none of these norm-based scalarizations can induce approximation sets for optimization problems with maximization objectives, which unifies and generalizes the existing impossibility results concerning the approximation of maximization problems.