bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cybersecurity Considerations for Deep Renovation
Authors: Sonkor Muammer Semih , García de Soto Borja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeep renovation efforts to improve the energy performance of buildings are of paramount importance for the overall energy reduction of nations. Like other construction projects, deep renovation ones are affected by the digital transformation of the construction industry. While this transformation involves the increasing utilisation of new technologies to optimise cost, time and quality at every stage, concerns emerge about how to maintain robust cybersecurity. This chapter summarises the cybersecurity research related to each deep renovation phase and provides an overview of relevant cybersecurity frameworks, standards, guidelines and codes of practice. The chapter also discusses the need for a contingency approach in deep renovation cybersecurity due to the varying requirements of each project and organisation.
Affine characters at negative level and elliptic genera of non-critical strings
Authors: Duque David Jaramillo , Kashani-Poor Amir-Kian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the elliptic genera of the non-critical strings of six dimensional superconformal field theories from the point of view of the strings’ worldsheet theory. We formulate a general ansatz for these in terms of characters of the affine Lie algebra associated to the 6d gauge group at negative level, and provide ample evidence for the validity of this ansatz for 6d theories obtained via F-theory compactification on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds over a Hirzebruch base. We obtain novel closed form results for many elliptic genera in terms of our ansatz, and show that our results specialize consistently when moving along Higgsing trees.
Quantum field theory of physical and purely virtual particles in a finite interval of time on a compact space manifold: diagrams, amplitudes and unitarity
Authors: Anselmi Damiano 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We provide a diagrammatic formulation of perturbative quantum field theory in a finite interval of time τ, on a compact space manifold Ω. We explain how to compute the evolution operator U(tf, ti) between the initial time ti and the final time tf = ti + τ, study unitarity and renormalizability, and show how to include purely virtual particles, by rendering some physical particles (and all the ghosts, if present) purely virtual. The details about the restriction to finite τ and compact Ω are moved away from the internal sectors of the diagrams (apart from the discretization of the three-momenta), and coded into external sources. Unitarity is studied by means of the spectral optical identities, and the diagrammatic version of the identity U†(tf, ti)U(tf, ti) = 1. The dimensional regularization is extended to finite τ and compact Ω, and used to prove, under general assumptions, that renormalizability holds whenever it holds at τ = ∞, Ω = ℝ3. Purely virtual particles are introduced by removing the on-shell contributions of some physical particles, and the ghosts, from the core diagrams, and trivializing their initial and final conditions. The resulting evolution operator Uph(tf, ti) is unitary, but does not satisfy the more general identity Uph(t3, t2)Uph(t2, t1) = Uph(t3, t1). As a consequence, Uph(tf, ti) cannot be derived from a Hamiltonian in a standard way, in the presence of purely virtual particles.
Constraining Lorentz invariance violation with next-generation long-baseline experiments
Authors: Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar , Das Sudipta , Sahoo Sadashiv , Swain Pragyanprasu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnified theories such as string theory and loop quantum gravity allow the Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) at the Planck Scale (MP~ 1019GeV). Using an effective field theory, this effect can be observed at low energies in terms of new interactions with a strength of ~ 1/MP. These new interactions contain operators with LIV coefficients which can be CPT-violating or CPT-conserving. In this work, we study in detail how these LIV parameters modify the transition probabilities in the next-generation long-baseline experiments, DUNE and Hyper-K. We evaluate the sensitivities of these experiments in isolation and combination to constrain the off-diagonal CPT-violating (aeμ,aeτ,aμτ) and CPT-conserving (ceμ,ceτ,cμτ) LIV parameters. We derive approximate compact analytical expressions of appearance (νμ→νe) and disappearance (νμ→νμ) probabilities in the presence of these LIV parameters to explain our numerical results. We explore the possible correlations and degeneracies between these LIV parameters and the most uncertain 3νoscillation parameters, namely,θ23andδCP. We find that for non-maximal values ofθ23(θ23≠ 45°), there exist degenerate solutions in its opposite octant for standalone DUNE and Hyper-K. These degeneracies disappear when we combine the data from DUNE and Hyper-K. In case of no-show, we place the expected upper bounds on these CPT-violating and CPT-conserving LIV parameters at 95% C.L. using the standalone DUNE, Hyper-K, and their combination. We observe that due to its access to a longer baseline and multi-GeV neutrinos, DUNE has a better reach in probing all these LIV parameters as compared to Hyper-K. Since the terms containing the CPT-conserving LIV parameters are proportional to neutrino energy in oscillation probabilities, Hyper-K is almost insensitive to the CPT-conserving LIV parameters because it mostly deals with sub-GeV neutrinos.
Localization on AdS3 × S2. Part I. The 4d/5d connection in off-shell Euclidean supergravity
Authors: Ciceri Axel , Jeon Imtak , Murthy Sameer 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We begin to develop the formalism of localization for the functional integral of supergravity on AdS3× S2. We show how the condition of supersymmetry in the Euclidean ℍ3/ℤ × S2 geometry naturally leads to a twist of the S2 around the time direction of AdS3. The twist gives us a five-dimensional Euclidean supergravity background dual to the elliptic genus of (0, 4) SCFT2 at the semiclassical level. On this background we set up the off-shell BPS equations for one of the Killing spinors, such that the functional integral of five-dimensional Euclidean supergravity on ℍ3/ℤ × S2 localizes to its space of solutions. We obtain a class of solutions to these equations by lifting known off-shell BPS solutions of 4-dimensional supergravity on AdS2× S2. In order to do this consistently, we construct and use a Euclidean version of the off-shell 4d/5d lift of arXiv:1112.5371, which could be of independent interest.
Holographic 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 conformal manifolds
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Gautason Friðrik Freyr , van Muiden Jesse 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We construct and study several examples of continuous families of AdS4$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 solutions of four-dimensional maximal gauged supergravity. These backgrounds provide the holographic descriptions of conformal manifolds of the dual 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs. The solutions we study can be uplifted to type IIB supergravity where they arise from D3-branes wrapping an S1 with an S-duality twist. We find the spectrum of low lying operators in the 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs as a function of the exactly marginal coupling and discuss the structure of the corresponding superconformal multiplets. Using string theory techniques we also study additional examples of continuous families of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 AdS4 vacua in type IIB and massive type IIA supergravity.
Phenomenology of the simplest linear seesaw mechanism
Authors: Batra Aditya , Bharadwaj Praveen , Mandal Sanjoy , Srivastava Rahul , Valle José W. F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The linear seesaw mechanism provides a simple way to generate neutrino masses. In addition to Standard Model particles, it includes quasi-Dirac leptons as neutrino mass mediators, and a leptophilic scalar doublet seeding small neutrino masses. Here we review its associated physics, including restrictions from theory and phenomenology. The model yields potentially detectable μ → eγ rates as well as distinctive signatures in the production and decay of heavy neutrinos (Ni) and the charged Higgs boson (H±) arising from the second scalar doublet. We have found that production processes such as e+e−→ NN, e−γ → NH− and e+e−→ H+H− followed by the decay chain $$ {H}^{\pm}\to {\ell}_i^{\pm }N $$

H
±

→

ℓ
i
±

N
, $$ N\to {\ell}_j^{\pm }{W}^{\mp } $$
N
→

ℓ
j
±

W
∓

leads to striking lepton number violation signatures at high energies which may probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos.
Scalar Love numbers and Love symmetries of 5-dimensional Myers-Perry black holes
Authors: Charalambous Panagiotis , Ivanov Mikhail M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The near-zone “Love” symmetry resolves the naturalness issue of black hole Love number vanishing with SL (2, ℝ) representation theory. Here, we generalize this proposal to 5-dimensional asymptotically flat and doubly spinning (Myers-Perry) black holes. We consider the scalar response of Myers-Perry black holes and extract its static scalar Love numbers. In agreement with the naturalness arguments, these Love numbers are, in general, non-zero and exhibit logarithmic running unless certain resonant conditions are met; these conditions include new cases with no previously known analogs. We show that there exist two near-zone truncations of the equations of motion that exhibit enhanced SL (2, ℝ) Love symmetries that explain the vanishing of the static scalar Love numbers in the resonant cases. These Love symmetries can be interpreted as local SL (2, ℝ) SL (2, ℝ) near-zone symmetries spontaneously broken down to global SL (2, ℝ) × U (1) symmetries by the periodic identification of the azimuthal angles. We also discover an infinite-dimensional extension of the Love symmetry into SL (2, ℝ) $$ \ltimes \hat{U}{(1)}_{\mathcal{V}}^2 $$
⋉

U
̂

1

V
2

that contains both Love symmetries as particular subalgebras, along with a family of SL (2, ℝ) subalgebras that reduce to the exact near-horizon Myers-Perry black hole isometries in the extremal limit. Finally, we show that the Love symmetries acquire a geometric interpretation as isometries of subtracted (effective) black hole geometries that preserve the internal structure of the black hole and interpret these non-extremal SL (2, ℝ) structures as remnants of the enhanced isometry of the near-horizon extremal geometries.
Complexity=anything: singularity probes
Authors: Jørstad Eivind , Myers Robert C. , Ruan Shan-Ming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate how the complexity=anything observables proposed by [1, 2] can be used to investigate the interior geometry of AdS black holes. In particular, we illustrate how the flexibility of the complexity=anything approach allows us to systematically probe the geometric properties of black hole singularities. We contrast our results for the AdS Schwarzschild and AdS Reissner-Nordström geometries, i.e., for uncharged and charged black holes, respectively. In the latter case, the holographic complexity observables can only probe the interior up to the inner horizon.
The Variational Problem and Background Field in the Renormalization Group Method for Nonlinear Sigma Models
Authors: Goswami Abhishek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the variational problem as described by Balaban in his renormalization group method for Yang–Mills theories in $$d = 3, 4$$

d
=
3
,
4

and adapt it to a class of nonlinear sigma models in $$d=2$$

d
=
2

. The result of the variational problem is a minimal configuration, which can serve as a classical background field in the renormalization group analysis.
First revision ACL reconstruction combined with tibial deflexion osteotomy improves clinical scores at 2 to 7 years follow‐up
Authors: Dejour David , Rozinthe Anouk , Demey Guillaume ,   ReSurg, van Rooij Floris , Saffarini Mo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo report outcomes of first revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with tibial deflexion osteotomy (TDO) in patients with posterior tibial slope (PTS) >10° at >2 years.MethodsThe authors studied outcomes of a consecutive series of 16 patients that underwent first revision ACLR with TDO, including Lysholm score, IKDC subjective and objective scores, Lachman test, PTS, and signs of osteoarthritis. One woman was excluded because of early signs of knee arthritis, as the first revision ACLR took place 27 years following the primary ACLR. This left a final cohort of 15 patients assessed at minimum follow‐up of 2 years.ResultsThe final cohort comprised 14 men and 1 woman aged 25.3 ± 6.6 years (range 16–39) at first revision ACLR. At final follow‐up of 4.4 ± 1.5 years (range, 2–7), PTS was corrected from 12.5 ± 1.8° (range 8–15°) to 1.9 ± 3.6° (range – 4 to 8°), and none of the knees had radiographic signs of osteoarthritis. Lysholm score was 83.8±12.5, IKDC subjective score was 80.3±16.2, and IKDC objective score was A in 5 (33%), and B in 10 (67%). The net improvement exceeded the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in 93% of patients for the IKDC subjective score and in 80% of patients for the Lysholm score. None of the knees had any retears, and only one required a reoperation to re‐suture a medial meniscal tear due to trauma.ConclusionAt 2‐7 years following revision ACLR combined with TDO, net improvement exceeded the MCID in 93% of patients for IKDC subjective score and in 80% of patients for Lysholm score, with no retears or major complications. These results suggest that TDO is a safe technique to protect the ACL graft and might be considered as of first revision ACLR to correct excessive PTS.Level of evidenceLevel IV
Variability of [18F]FDG-PET/LDCT reporting in vascular graft and endograft infection
Authors: Liesker David J. , Legtenberg Stijn , Erba Paola A. , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Zeebregts Clark J. , De Vries Jean-Paul P. M. , Chakfé Nabil , Saleem Ben R. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
18F-fluoro-D-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography with low dose and/or contrast enhanced computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) scan reveals high sensitivity for the diagnosis of vascular graft and endograft infection (VGEI), but lower specificity. Reporting [18F]FDG-PET/CT scans of suspected VGEI is challenging, reader dependent, and reporting standards are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability of [18F]FDG-PET/low dose CT (LDCT) reporting of suspected VGEI using a proposed standard reporting format.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all patients with a suspected VGEI (according to the MAGIC criteria) without need for urgent surgical treatment who underwent an additional [18F]FDG-PET/LDCT scan between 2006 and 2022 at a tertiary referral centre. All [18F]FDG-PET/LDCT reports were scored following pre-selected criteria that were formulated based on literature and experts in the field. The aim was to investigate the completeness of [18F]FDG-PET/LDCT reports for diagnosing VGEI (proven according to the MAGIC criteria) and to evaluate if incompleteness of reports influenced the diagnostic accuracy.

Results
Hundred-fifty-two patients were included. Median diagnostic interval from the index vascular surgical procedure until [18F]FDG-PET/LDCT scan was 35.5 (7.3–73.3) months. Grafts were in 65.1% located centrally and 34.9% peripherally. Based on the pre-selected reporting criteria, 45.7% of the reports included all items. The least frequently assessed criterion was FDG-uptake pattern (40.6%). Overall, [18F]FDG-PET/LDCT showed a sensitivity of 91%, a specificity of 72%, and an accuracy of 88% when compared to the gold standard (diagnosed VGEI). Lower sensitivity and specificity in reports including ≤ 8 criteria compared to completely evaluated reports were found (83% and 50% vs. 92% and 77%, respectively).

Conclusion
Less than half of the [18F]FDG-PET/LDCT reports of suspected VGEI met all pre-selected criteria. Incompleteness of reports led to lower sensitivity and specificity. Implementing a recommendation with specific criteria for VGEI reporting is needed in the VGEI-guideline update. This study provides a first recommendation for a concise and complete [18F]FDG-PET/LDCT report in patients with suspected VGEI.
Changing to Impress: Testing a Mediation Model from Instagram Self-presentation to Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Galeotti Tommaso , Marino Claudia , Canale Natale , Scacchi Luca , Vieno Alessio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
This study examined the relationship between false self-presentation on Instagram and consideration of cosmetic surgery through the mediating role of body image control in photos (BICP), photo manipulation, and body shame. We predicted that false self-presentation on Instagram was indirectly associated with cosmetic surgery intentions through the aforementioned constructs.

Methods
A total of 504 young Italian adults (28.2% males, 18–30 years) completed an online survey. They completed a questionnaire containing the Self-presentation on Instagram Questionnaire, the Body Image Control in Photos Questionnaire—revised, the Photo Manipulation Scale, the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, and the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. The pattern of associations between the constructs was analyzed via path analysis.

Results
The results show that false self-presentation on Instagram was associated with photo manipulation, both directly and indirectly, through BICP. Furthermore, photo manipulation was linked to body shame, but neither of them was associated with cosmetic surgery intentions. Finally, false self-presentation on Instagram was associated with the consideration of cosmetic surgery only through the mediation of BICP.

Conclusion
Findings indicate that self-presentation styles might affect Instagram photo behaviors and individuals’ cosmetic surgery intentions, suggesting that surgeons should fully examine patients’ motivations before providing them with services. Furthermore, intervention programs encouraging users to present a more authentic version of themselves online might reduce the risk of self-objectification and reduce the consideration of procedures aimed at modifying one's body for purely aesthetic reasons.

Level of Evidence V
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
New Insights on the Importance of the Extent of Vascular Invasion in Widely Invasive Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yamazaki Haruhiko , Sugino Kiminori , Katoh Ryohei , Matsuzu Kenichi , Kitagawa Wataru , Nagahama Mitsuji , Rino Yasushi , Ito Koichi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between the extent of vascular invasion (VI) and the outcome of widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (WI‐FTC).MethodsThe records of 107 patients with WI‐FTC confirmed by surgical specimens from January 2005 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAmong the 107 patients with WI‐FTC, those with a VI of < 4 (n = 62) and ≥ 4 (n = 45) had a 10 year cause‐specific survival (CSS) rate of 97.7% and 89.4% (p = 0.008), respectively. Univariate analysis identified M1 (p = 0.001), and the number of VI of ≥ 4 as significant negative prognostic factors for CSS. Multivariate analysis identified M1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 9.366) as independent negative prognostic factor for CSS. Among the 72 patients with M0 WI‐FTC, those with a VI of < 2 (n = 33) and ≥ 2 (n = 39) had a 10‐year distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) rate of 96.8% and 56.8% (p = 0.001), respectively. Univariate analysis identified age ≥ 55 years (p = 0.011), presence of VI, the number of VI of ≥ 2, and resection margin status (p < 0.001) as significant negative prognostic factors for DMFS. Multivariate analysis identified the number of VI ≥ 2 (HR = 9.137), and resection margin status (HR = 5.853) as independent negative prognostic factors for DMFS.ConclusionsIt may be unnecessary that WI‐FTC with curative resection margin status and a VI of < 2, especially in capsular invasion only, routinely undergo completion thyroidectomy and postoperative ablation.
Evaluation of Colonoscopic Results of Patients with Incidental Colonic FDG Uptake in PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Esmer Ahmet Cem , Öksüzoğlu Kevser , Şen Feyza , Yazıcı Hilmi , Tazeoğlu Deniz , Ergelen Rabia , Öneş Tunç , Yeğen Şevket Cumhur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer is a significant global health concern, ranking as the second most deadly and third most common cancer worldwide. Early detection and removal of precancerous lesions play a crucial role in preventing cancer development and reducing mortality. Since FDG uptake is not specific for malignancy, incidental increased FDG uptake in the gastrointestinal tract may be challenging to interpret and may require further colonoscopic examination. This study aimed to investigate the features associated with malignant and premalignant pathology in patients with incidental colonic FDG uptake and determine the necessity of colonoscopy for each FDG uptake.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on data from patients who underwent colonoscopies between January 2016 and December 2021. Patients with FDG uptake in known colorectal malignancy regions were excluded. The study included 56 patients with incidental colonic FDG uptake. PET/CT images were visually and quantitatively analyzed, and the corresponding colonoscopy and histopathological results were recorded. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between FDG uptake patterns, SUVmax values, and histopathological diagnoses. Colonoscopic findings were categorized as malignancy, polyps, and non‐neoplastic lesions.ResultsAmong the 56 patients with incidental colonic FDG uptake, 36 lesions were identified, and histopathology revealed malignancy in 10 (17.9%) patients and premalignant polyps in the 26 (46.4%) cases. Focal FDG uptake with corresponding wall thickening or soft tissue density on CT was associated with a higher likelihood of premalignant or malignant lesions. The SUVmax values demonstrated a significant difference between negative findings and polyps/malignancies. However, no significant difference was observed between malignant and premalignant lesions. A ROC curve analysis was made and assesed a cut‐off value of 11.1 SUVmax (sensitivity: 83.3% and specificity: 90%) to distinguish premalignant or malignant lesions from non‐malignant lesions.ConclusionIncidental colonic FDG uptake with a focal pattern and corresponding CT findings were more likely to indicate premalignant or malignant lesions. SUVmax values were helpful in predicting the presence of pathological findings, but histopathological verification remains necessary for a definitive diagnosis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the clinical implications of incidental colonic FDG uptake and highlight the importance of follow‐up colonoscopy for further evaluation.