bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impacts of past and ongoing deforestation on rainfall patterns in South America
Authors: Duku Confidence , Hein Lars 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite recent advances in modeling forest–rainfall relationships, the current understanding of changes in observed rainfall patterns resulting from historical deforestation remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed how 40 years of deforestation has altered rainfall patterns in South America as well as how current Amazonian forest cover sustains rainfall. First, we develop a spatiotemporal neural network model to simulate rainfall as a function of vegetation and climate inputs in South America; second, we assess the rainfall effects of observed deforestation in South America during the periods 1982–2020 and 2000–2020; third, we assess the potential rainfall changes in the Amazon biome under two deforestation scenarios. We find that, on average, cumulative deforestation in South America from 1982 to 2020 has reduced rainfall over the period 2016–2020 by 18% over deforested areas, and by 9% over non‐deforested areas across South America. We also find that more recent deforestation, that is, from 2000 to 2020, has reduced rainfall over the period 2016–2020 by 10% over deforested areas and by 5% over non‐deforested areas. Deforestation between 1982 and 2020 has led to a doubling in the area experiencing a minimum dry season of 4 months in the Amazon biome. Similarly, in the Cerrado region, there has been a corresponding doubling in the area with a minimum dry season of 7 months. These changes are compared to a hypothetical scenario where no deforestation occurred. Complete conversion of all Amazon forest land outside protected areas would reduce average annual rainfall in the Amazon by 36% and complete deforestation of all forest cover including protected areas would reduce average annual rainfall in the Amazon by 68%. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for effective conservation measures to safeguard both forest ecosystems and sustainable agricultural practices.
Biochar from animal manure: A critical assessment on technical feasibility, economic viability, and ecological impact
Authors: Rathnayake Dilani , Schmidt Hans‐Peter , Leifeld Jens , Mayer Jochen , Epper Carole Alice , Bucheli Thomas D. , Hagemann Nikolas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnimal manure has been used to manage soil fertility since the dawn of agriculture. It provides plant nutrients and improves soil fertility. In the last decades, animal husbandry has been significantly expanded globally. Its economics were optimized via the (international) trade of feed, resulting in a surplus of animal manure in areas with intensive livestock farming. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotic residues, biocides, and other micropollutants in manure threaten animal, human, and environmental health. Hence, manure application in crop fields is increasingly restricted, especially in hotspot regions with intensive livestock activities. Furthermore, ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during manure storage, field application, and decomposition contribute to air pollution and climate change. Conventional manure management scenarios such as composting and anaerobic digestion partially improve the system but cannot guarantee to eliminate sanitary and contamination risks and only marginally reducing its climate burden. Hence, this review discusses the potential of pyrolysis, the thermochemical conversion under oxygen‐limited conditions as an alternative treatment for animal manure providing energy and biochar. Manure pyrolysis reduces the bioavailability of PTEs, eliminates pathogenic microorganisms and organic micropollutants, and reduces GHG emissions. Pyrolysis also results in the loss of nitrogen, which can be minimized by pretreatment, that is, after removing soluble nitrogen fraction of manure, for example, by digestion and stripping of ammonia–nitrogen or liquid–solid separation. However, conclusions on the effect of manure pyrolysis on crop yield and fertilization efficiencies are hampered by a lack of nutrient mass balances based on livestock unit equivalent comparisons of manure and manure biochar applications. Hence, it is essential to design and conduct experiments in more practically relevant scenarios and depict the observations based on the amount of manure used to produce a certain amount of biochar.
Oxygen isotopes of the Japanese stalagmites as global and local paleoclimate proxies
Authors: Kano Akihiro , Kato Hirokazu , Murata Akira 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStalagmite oxygen isotopes (δ18O) have been used to reconstruct terrestrial paleoclimates during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. However, the interpretation of the δ18O is not straightforward when determining the factor controlling δ18O; temperature or water δ18O. In addition, the water δ18O changes with rainfall intensity (amount effect), rainfall seasonality, and some other factors. Here, we first review the hydrochemical processes and behaviors of the oxygen isotopes and the other proxies in a cave system, which are fundamental for interpretating the paleoclimatic signals. We then introduce the oxygen isotope records of Japanese caves. Some of the Japanese stalagmites demonstrated a δ18O profile that represented a similar pattern to the Chinese stalagmite records, but had relatively small δ18O amplitudes, which can be explained mainly by temperature changes rather than the amount effect. This demands a reversal of the relationship between climate and rainwater δ18O across the Japanese Islands. Using δ18O data for rainwater samples from four sites in Japan (in Niigata, Fukuoka, Gifu and Mie Prefectures), we presents the results of model calculations to verify how the rainfall intensity and the seasonality relate with the δ18O of rainwater. A significant correlation coefficient was observed in Niigata, where the rainfall δ18O decreases with an increase in the annual amount of rainfall, and with a decrease in the winter rainfall. Similar trends were observed in Fukuoka, whereas while the results of Gifu and Mie exhibited no significant trends. Temperature change was would be the main factor controlling the stalagmite δ18O at the latter two sites. For a better understanding of the stalagmite δ18O records, the measurement of fluid inclusions and carbonate clumped isotopes can be used to evaluate the effect of temperature on the stalagmite δ18O, as well as to reconstruct the water δ18O. We predict that the 17O excess in stalagmites reconstructs the seasonal shift in the vapor sources.
Embracing the paradox of customer experiences in the hospitality and tourism industry
Authors: Zha Dongmei , Marvi Reza , Foroudi Pantea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to re‐evaluate the customer experience literature in the hospitality and tourism (H&T) domain by employing a paradox lens and constructing a model for future research direction and practitioners. Using two co‐citation analysis methods—a hierarchical cluster analysis and a multidimensional scaling analysis—to investigate 312 customer experience papers from the leading H&T journals with 22.124 citations over the 44‐year period (1987–2021), we identified five knowledge foundations that have made up the intellectual structure of customer experience in H&T: experiential consumption, authenticity, memorability, place branding, and service. This result reveals the dualistic representations of the paradoxical character of customer experience including authentic/fantastical, structured/unstructured, branded/ecological, and bubbled/exposed. Based on this finding, this study developed a framework for scholars and marketers to reveal different approaches to managing the tensions between paradoxes.
Locked external doors on inpatient mental health units: A scoping review
Authors: Searby Adam , James Russell , Snipe Jim , Maude Phil 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe principles of least restrictive care and recovery‐focused practice are promoted as contemporary practice in the care of individuals with mental ill health, underpinning legislation concerning mental health and illness in many jurisdictions worldwide. Inpatient mental health units with locked doors are incompatible with this style of care and throwback to a time where care for mental illness was primarily custodial. The aim of this scoping review is to determine whether evidence exists for locking mental health unit doors, whether this practice is compatible with recovery‐focused care and to determine whether door locking has changed since a review conducted by Van Der Merwe et al. (Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 16, 2009, 293) found that door locking was not the preferred practice in the management of acute mental health units. We used Arksey and O'Malley's (International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8, 2005, 19) framework for scoping reviews, with our initial search locating 1377 studies, with screening narrowing final papers for inclusion to 20. Methodologies for papers included 12 using quantitative methodology, 5 qualitative and 3 that used mixed methods designs. Poor evidence was found for door locking to mitigate risks such as absconding, aggression or illicit substance importation. Furthermore, locked doors had a detrimental impact on the therapeutic relationship, nurse job satisfaction and intention to leave the profession. This scoping review indicates that research is urgently needed to address a mental healthcare culture where door locking is an entrenched practice. Studies of alternative approaches to risk management are required to ensure inpatient mental health units are truly least‐restrictive, therapeutic environments.
A scoping review and intersectionality‐based analysis of heart failure telehealth interventions for vulnerable populations
Authors: Allana Saleema , Norris Colleen , Hussain Armish , Clark Alex 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsTo map the existing body of heart failure (HF) telehealth interventions for vulnerable populations, and to conduct an intersectionality‐based analysis utilizing a structured checklist.DesignA scoping review and intersectionality‐based analysis.Data SourcesThe search was conducted in March 2022 in the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.Review MethodsFirst, the titles and abstracts were screened, and then the entire articles were screened against the inclusion criteria. Two of the investigators screened the articles independently in Covidence. The studies included and excluded at various stages of screening were depicted through a PRISMA flow diagram. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT). Each study was read thoroughly and the intersectionality‐based checklist by Ghasemi et al. (2021) was applied, whereby a yes/no response was marked for each question on the checklist and the relevant supporting data were extracted.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included in this review. About 42.2% of the responses indicated that studies incorporated the principles of intersectionality at the ‘problem identification’ stage, followed by 42.9% and 29.44% responses indicating incorporation of these principles at the ‘design and implementation’ and ‘evaluation’ stages respectively.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the research around HF telehealth interventions for vulnerable populations is not adequately grounded in appropriate theoretical underpinning. The principles of intersectionality have been applied mostly to the problem identification and the intervention development and implementation stages, and not so much at the evaluation stage. Future research must fill the identified gaps in this area of research.No Patient or Public ContributionSince this was a scoping, there was no patient contribution to this work; however, based on this study's findings, we are undertaking patient‐centred studies with patient contribution.
Effectiveness of mHealth interventions for improving hypertension control in uncontrolled hypertensive patients: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Le , He Liu , Kong Yu , Lai Yiwei , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe benefits of mHealth interventions in uncontrolled hypertension are unclear. To determine whether mHealth effectively improves the control rate of uncontrolled hypertension. PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from January 2007 to September 2022. The intervention group consisted of mHealth intervention, and the control group was usual care. Random‐effects meta‐analysis models were used to assess pooled mHealth intervention effects and CIs. The primary outcome was the blood pressure (BP) control rate of uncontrolled hypertension. The secondary outcome was the change of BP. Thirteen RCTs were included in this meta‐analysis, of which eight reported the successful BP control rate, 13 reported the change of systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 11 reported the change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The mean age of trial participants ranged from 47.7 to 66.9 years old, with a female composition ratio of 40.0%–66.1%. The duration of follow‐up ranged from 3 to 18 months. This study showed a more robust effect size for improving BP control rate by mHealth interventions than usual care (57.5% vs. 40.8% of successful control rate; odds ratio [OR], 2.19 [95% CI, 1.32—3.62]). Furthermore, mHealth significantly reduced SBP by 4.45 mm Hg and DBP by 2.47 mm Hg, and subgroup analysis did not observe the major source of heterogeneity. This meta‐analysis found that mHealth could significantly improve the uncontrolled hypertension control rate and might be a feasible, acceptable, and effective tool for uncontrolled hypertension management.
Factors influencing the development of gastrointestinal tract and nutrient transporters' function during the embryonic life of chickens—A review
Authors: El Sabry Mohamed I. , Yalcin Servet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntestinal morphology and regulation of nutrient transportation genes during the embryonic and early life of chicks influence their body weight and feed conversion ratio through the growing period. The intestine development can be monitored by measuring villus morphology and enzymatic activity and determining the expression of nutrient transporters genes. With the increasing importance of gut development and health in broiler production, considerable research has been directed towards factors affecting intestine development. Thus, this article reviews (1) intestinal development during embryogenesis, and (2) maternal factors, in ovo administration, and incubation conditions that influence intestinal development during embryogenesis. Conclusively, (1) chicks from heavier eggs may have a better‐developed intestine than chicks from younger ones, (2) in ovo supplementation with amino acids, minerals, vitamins or a combination of several probiotics and prebiotics stimulates intestine development and increases the expression of intestine mucosal‐related genes and (3) the long storage period, improper incubation temperature and imbalanced ventilation can negatively influence intestinal morphology and nutrient transporters gene expression. Finally, understanding the intestine development during embryonic life will enable us to enhance the productivity of broilers.
Genesis of the mafic impact melt rock in the northwest sector of the Vredefort Dome, South Africa
Authors: Reimold Wolf Uwe , Hauser Natalia , Oliveira Alisson Lopes , Maciel Ana Rita Pereira , Goderis Steven , Pittarello Lidia , Wegner Wencke , Fischer‐Goedde Mario , Koeberl Christian , Debaille Vinciane , Silva Maia de Souza Carolinna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenesis and emplacement of Vredefort Granophyre, the impact melt rock exposed on the Vredefort Dome, the erosional remnant of the central uplift of the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa, have long been debated. This debate was recently reinvigorated by the discovery that besides the previously known felsic variety of >66 wt% SiO2, a second, somewhat more mafic phase of <66 wt% SiO2 occurs along a Granophyre dike on farms Kopjeskraal and Eldorado in the northwest sector of the dome. Two hypotheses have been put forward to explain the genesis and emplacement of this second phase: (1) successive injections of impact melt into extensional fractures opened in the course of central uplift formation/crater modification, with melts of distinct compositions derived from a differentiating impact melt body in the crater, and (2) generation of the more mafic phase as a product of admixture/assimilation of a mafic country rock component, either the so‐called epidiorite of possible Ventersdorp Supergroup affiliation or the Dominion Group meta‐lava (DGL), to Felsic Granophyre. In the latter model, contamination with mafic country rock would have occurred during downward intrusion and stoping into and below the crater floor. The so‐called Mafic Granophyre has previously only ever been sampled on a single site (Farm Kopjeskraal). In this study, samples of Granophyre occurring along the southerly extension of this dike on farm Rensburgdrif, and from a second dike on the Rietkuil property further southwest were investigated by field work, and petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic analysis. The mafic phase indeed occurs in the interior of the dike at Rensburgdrif, and also on Rietkuil. New geochemical and Sr‐Nd isotope data support the hypothesis that the Mafic Granophyre composition represents a mixture between Felsic Granophyre and a mafic country rock. A 20% admixture of epidiorite or DGL to Felsic Granophyre provides an excellent match for the chemical composition of the Mafic Granophyre. The Sr‐Nd isotope data indicate that this admixture likely involved the epidiorite component rather than DGL. Together with earlier Sr‐Nd‐Os‐Se isotopic data, and other geochemical data, these results further support formation of the Mafic Granophyre by local assimilation/admixture of epidiorite to Felsic Granophyre.
Tafsīr or Taʾwīl? The Shaykhī Contribution to the Qurʾānīc Tradition of Nineteenth Century Iran
Authors: Chamankhah Assistant Professor of Literary and Cultural Stud Leila 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study of Qurʾānīc exegesis in the Shaykhī school has been widely, albeit surprisingly, neglected in modern scholarship. It is surprising because there is hardly any aspect of Shaykhīsm that has remained intact after scholars have touched upon different dimensions of the school. Considering the Qurʾān, its centrality in Islamic tradition and the different methods of reading it, what is commonly understood and accepted by the mainstream as exegesis (tafsīr) might not necessarily be a suitable label for what the Shaykhī leaders did in their very ‘distinguished’ reading and interpretation of the Book. I call it ‘distinguished’, because Shaykhī elitism remains far from any compromising effort that might reduce the complexity and convolution of an all‐celestial text into a literal interpretation. From a Shaykhī perspective, any such simplified challenge would not do justice to the deep and multiple levels (buṭūn) of meaning in the Qurʾān, which need an esoteric, and at times lettrist methodology to unveil divine revelation (tanzīl). Furthermore, every word needs to be understood in consideration of the akhbār of the imāms as well. Given this, the present paper will examine a number of key writings, delving into how the Shaykhī ʿulemā have interpreted the Qurʾān from an esoteric perspective, and by so doing have left a legacy which has culminated in what I call ‘the exegetical school of Kerman’. Pertinent to this is the language of the school.1 As the paper argues, the choice of Arabic as the language of tafsīr in a Persophone context was deliberate, and in fact should be understood in the light of the Shaykhī approach that assigns understanding the Qurʾān to only a skilled few.
Heart rate and heart rate variability following sleep deprivation in retired night shift workers and retired day workers
Authors: Jain Naveen , Lehrer H. Matthew , Chin Brian N. , Tracy Eunjin Lee , Evans Marissa A. , Krafty Robert T. , Buysse Daniel J. , Hall Martica H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShift workers experience poor sleep and dysregulated cardiac autonomic function during sleep. However, it is unknown if this dysregulation persists into retirement, potentially accelerating the age‐associated risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Using sleep deprivation as a physiological challenge to cardiovascular autonomic function, we compared heart rate (HR) and high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV) during baseline and recovery sleep following sleep deprivation between retired night shift and day workers. Participants were retired night shift (N = 33) and day workers (N = 37) equated on age (mean [standard deviation] = 68.0 [5.6] years), sex (47% female), race/ethnicity (86% White), and body mass index. Participants completed a 60‐h lab protocol including one night of baseline polysomnography‐monitored sleep, followed by 36 h of sleep deprivation and one night of recovery sleep. Continuously recorded HR was used to calculate HF‐HRV. Linear mixed models compared HR and HF‐HRV during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep between groups during baseline and recovery nights. Groups did not differ on HR or HF‐HRV during NREM or REM sleep (ps > .05) and did not show differential responses to sleep deprivation. In the full sample, HR increased and HF‐HRV decreased from baseline to recovery during NREM (ps < .05) and REM (ps < .01). Both groups exhibited cardiovascular autonomic changes during recovery sleep following 36 h of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation appears to induce cardiovascular autonomic changes that persist into recovery sleep in older adults, regardless of shift work history.
Supplemental Material: U-Pb dating of pedogenic calcite near the Permian–Triassic boundary, Karoo Basin, South Africa
Authors: Rochín-Bañaga Heriberto , et al.  
Published: July 2023

<p>The supplemental material contains the LA-ICP-MS parameters for U-Pb analyses, the Tera-Wasserburg concordia diagrams for the calcite standards, and the Utilchron Excel files used for data processing and age regressions from individual samples. </p>