bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum-coherence-free precision metrology by means of difference-signal amplification
Authors: Li Jialin , Niu Yazhi , Wang Xinyi , Qin Lupei , Li Xin-Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe novel weak-value-amplification (WVA) scheme of precision metrology is deeply rooted in the quantum nature of destructive interference between the pre- and post-selection states. And, an alternative version, termed as joint WVA (JWVA), which employs the difference-signal from the post-selection accepted and rejected results, has been found possible to achieve even better sensitivity (two orders of magnitude higher) under some technical limitations (e.g. misalignment errors). In this work, after erasing the quantum coherence, we analyze the difference-signal amplification (DSA) technique, which serves as a classical counterpart of the JWVA, and show that similar amplification effect can be achieved. We obtain a simple expression for the amplified signal, carry out characterization of precision, and point out the optimal working regime. We also discuss how to implement the post-selection of a classical mixed state. The proposed classical DSA technique holds similar technical advantages of the JWVA and may find interesting applications in practice.
Quantifying implicit biases in refereeing using NBA referees as a testbed
Authors: Pelechrinis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImplicit biases occur automatically and unintentionally and are particularly present when we have to make split second decisions. One such situations appears in refereeing, where referees have to make an instantaneous decision on a potential violation. In this work I revisit and extend some of the existing work on implicit biases in refereeing. In particular, I focus on refereeing in the NBA and examine three different types of implicit bias; (i) home-vs-away bias, (ii) bias towards individual players or teams, and, (iii) racial bias. For this study, I use play-by-play data and data from the Last 2 min reports the league office releases for games that were within 5 points in the last 2 min since the 2015 season. The results indicate that the there is a bias towards the home team—particularly pronounced during the playoffs—but it has been reduced since the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there is robust statistical evidence that specific players benefit from referee decisions more than expected from pure chance. However, I find no evidence of negative bias towards individual players, or towards specific teams. Finally, my analysis on racial bias indicates the absence of any bias.
Projecting XRP price burst by correlation tensor spectra of transaction networks
Authors: Chakraborty Abhijit , Hatsuda Tetsuo , Ikeda Yuichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCryptoassets are becoming essential in the digital economy era. XRP is one of the large market cap cryptoassets. Here, we develop a novel method of correlation tensor spectra for the dynamical XRP networks, which can provide an early indication for XRP price. A weighed directed weekly transaction network among XRP wallets is constructed by aggregating all transactions for a week. A vector for each node is then obtained by embedding the weekly network in continuous vector space. From a set of weekly snapshots of node vectors, we construct a correlation tensor. A double singular value decomposition of the correlation tensors gives its singular values. The significance of the singular values is shown by comparing with its randomize counterpart. The evolution of singular values shows a distinctive behavior. The largest singular value shows a significant negative correlation with XRP/USD price. We observe the minimum of the largest singular values at the XRP/USD price peak during the first week of January 2018. The minimum of the largest singular value during January 2018 is explained by decomposing the correlation tensor in the signal and noise components and also by evolution of community structure.
Genetic sequencing of a 1944 Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine
Authors: Xiao Yongli , Beare Paul A. , Best Sonja M. , Morens David M. , Bloom Marshall E. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a rapidly progressive and often fatal tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Its discovery and characterization by Howard Ricketts has been hailed as a remarkable historical example of detection and control of an emerging infectious disease, and subsequently led to the establishment of the Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML). Here, we examined an unopened bottle of a vaccine, labeled as containing RMSF inactivated by phenol-formalin of infected ticks, developed prior to 1944 at RML by DNA analysis using Illumina high throughput sequencing technology. We found that it contains DNA from the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), the vector of RMSF, the complete genome of Rickettsia rickettsii, the pathogen of RMSF, as well as the complete genome of Coxiella burnetii, the pathogen of Q-fever. In addition to genomic reads of Rickettsia rickettsii and Coxiella burnetii, smaller percentages of the reads are from Rickettsia rhipicephali and Arsenophonus nasoniae, suggesting that the infected ticks used to prepare the vaccine carried more than one pathogen. Together, these findings suggest that this early vaccine was likely a bivalent vaccine for RMSF and Q-fever. This study is the among the first molecular level examinations of an historically important vaccine.
Understanding the hydrological response of a headwater-dominated catchment by analysis of distributed surface–subsurface interactions
Authors: Özgen-Xian Ilhan , Molins Sergi , Johnson Rachel M. , Xu Zexuan , Dwivedi Dipankar , Loritz Ralf , Mital Utkarsh , Ulrich Craig , Yan Qina , Steefel Carl I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe computationally explore the relationship between surface–subsurface exchange and hydrological response in a headwater-dominated high elevation, mountainous catchment in East River Watershed, Colorado, USA. In order to isolate the effect of surface–subsurface exchange on the hydrological response, we compare three model variations that differ only in soil permeability. Traditional methods of hydrograph analysis that have been developed for headwater catchments may fail to properly characterize catchments, where catchment response is tightly coupled to headwater inflow. Analyzing the spatially distributed hydrological response of such catchments gives additional information on the catchment functioning. Thus, we compute hydrographs, hydrological indices, and spatio-temporal distributions of hydrological variables. The indices and distributions are then linked to the hydrograph at the outlet of the catchment. Our results show that changes in the surface–subsurface exchange fluxes trigger different flow regimes, connectivity dynamics, and runoff generation mechanisms inside the catchment, and hence, affect the distributed hydrological response. Further, changes in surface–subsurface exchange rates lead to a nonlinear change in the degree of connectivity—quantified through the number of disconnected clusters of ponding water—in the catchment. Although the runoff formation in the catchment changes significantly, these changes do not significantly alter the aggregated streamflow hydrograph. This hints at a crucial gap in our ability to infer catchment function from aggregated signatures. We show that while these changes in distributed hydrological response may not always be observable through aggregated hydrological signatures, they can be quantified through the use of indices of connectivity.
Characterization and investigation of electrochemical and biological properties of antibacterial silver nanoparticle-deposited TiO2 nanotube array surfaces
Authors: Durdu Salih , Yalçin Emine , Altinkök Atilgan , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe one of main reasons of the premature failure of Ti-based implants is infections. The metal- and metal oxide-based nanoparticles have very high potential on controlling of infections. In this work, the randomly distributed AgNPs-deposited onto well-ordered TiO2 nanotube surfaces were fabricated on titanium by anodic oxidation (AO) and electrochemical deposition (ED) processes. AgNPs-deposited nanotube surfaces, which is beneficial for bone tissue growth exhibited hydrophilic behaviors. Moreover, the AgNPs-deposited nanotube surfaces, which prevent the leaching of metallic Ti ions from the implant surface, indicated great corrosion resistance under SBF conditions. The electrochemical corrosion resistance of AgNPs-deposited nanotube surfaces was improved up to about 145% compared to bare Gr2 surface. The cell viability of AgNPs-deposited nanotube surfaces was improved. Importantly, the AgNPs-deposited nanotube surfaces exhibited antibacterial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Eventually, it can be concluded that the AgNPs-deposited nanotube surfaces possess high stability for long-term usage of implant applications.
Mouse strain-dependent variation in metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): a comprehensive resource tool for pre-clinical studies
Authors: Karimkhanloo Hamzeh , Keenan Stacey N. , Bayliss Jacqueline , De Nardo William , Miotto Paula M. , Devereux Camille J. , Nie Shuai , Williamson Nicholas A. , Ryan Andrew , Watt Matthew J. , Montgomery Magdalene K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized as the joint presence of steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning and lobular inflammation, and liver fibrosis are strong contributors to liver-related and overall mortality. Despite the high global prevalence of NASH and the substantial healthcare burden, there are currently no FDA-approved therapies for preventing or reversing NASH and/or liver fibrosis. Importantly, despite nearly 200 pharmacotherapies in different phases of pre-clinical and clinical assessment, most therapeutic approaches that succeed from pre-clinical rodent models to the clinical stage fail in subsequent Phase I-III trials. In this respect, one major weakness is the lack of adequate mouse models of NASH that also show metabolic comorbidities commonly observed in NASH patients, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia. This study provides an in-depth comparison of NASH pathology and deep metabolic profiling in eight common inbred mouse strains (A/J, BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, CBA/CaH, DBA/2J, FVB/N and NOD/ShiLtJ) fed a western-style diet enriched in fat, sucrose, fructose and cholesterol for eight months. Combined analysis of histopathology and hepatic lipid metabolism, as well as measures of obesity, glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity, dyslipidaemia, adipose tissue lipolysis, systemic inflammation and whole-body energy metabolism points to the FVB/N mouse strain as the most adequate diet-induced mouse model for the recapitulation of metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and NASH. With efforts in the pharmaceutical industry now focussed on developing multi-faceted therapies; that is, therapies that improve NASH and/or liver fibrosis, and concomitantly treat other metabolic comorbidities, this mouse model is ideally suited for such pre-clinical use.
Asymptotic stability of non‐instantaneous impulsive systems and T‐S fuzzy non‐instantaneous impulsive control for nonlinear systems
Authors: Deng Hao , Li Chuandong , Wang Yinuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the asymptotic stability for a class of non‐instantaneous impulsive systems and Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy non‐instantaneous impulsive control for linear and nonlinear systems. First, a class of concrete comparison system for a more accurate and universal nonlinear non‐instantaneous impulsive model is constructed. Then, the less conservative sufficient conditions of Lyapunov asymptotic stability are studied by impulsive differential inequalities and generalized comparison principle. On the other hand, an improved non‐instantaneous impulsive control scheme with T‐S fuzzy model is also presented for the asymptotic stability of the nonlinear systems. Finally, simulation results on controlling a linear and a nonlinear system are presented to illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of the obtained results.
Online multiple object tracking with enhanced Re‐identification
Authors: Yang Wenyu , Jiang Yong , Wen Shuai , Fan Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn existing online multiple object tracking algorithms, schemes that combine object detection and re‐identification (ReID) tasks in a single model for simultaneous learning have drawn great attention due to their balanced speed and accuracy. However, different tasks require to focus different features. Learning two different tasks in the same model extracted features can lead to competition between the two tasks, making it difficult to achieve optimal performance. To reduce this competition, a task‐related attention network, which uses a self‐attention mechanism to allow each branch to learn on feature maps related to its task is proposed. Besides, a smooth gradient‐boosting loss function, which improves the quality of the extracted ReID features by gradually shifting the focus to the hard negative samples of each object during training is introduced. Extensive experiments on MOT16, MOT17, and MOT20 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which is also competitive in current mainstream algorithm.
Acceleration of suprathermal protons near an interplanetary shock
Authors: Yang L. , Heidrich-Meisner V. , Berger L. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Wang L. , He J. , Zhu X. , Duan D. , Kollhoff A. , Pacheco D. , Kühl P. , Xu Z. , Keilbach D. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Ho G. C. 
Published: March 2023

Context.Interplanetary collisionless shocks are known to be sources of energetic charged particles up to hundreds of MeV. However, the underlying acceleration mechanisms are still under debate.Aims.We determine the properties of suprathermal protons accelerated by the interplanetary shock on 2021 November 3 with the unprecedented high-resolution measurements by the SupraThermal Electron Proton sensor of the Energetic Particle Detector on board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft, in order to constrain the potential shock acceleration mechanisms.Methods.We first reconstructed the pitch-angle distributions (PADs) of suprathermal protons in the solar wind frame. Then, we studied the evolution of the PADs, the temporal flux profile, and the velocity distribution function of this proton population close to the shock and compared the observations to theoretical predictions.Results.We find that the suprathermal proton fluxes peak ∼12 to ∼24 s before the shock in the upstream region. The proton fluxes rapidly decrease by ∼50% in a thin layer (∼8000 km) adjacent to the shock in the downstream region and become constant farther downstream. Furthermore, the proton velocity distribution functions in the upstream (downstream) region fit a double power law,f(v)∼v−γ, at ∼1000 − 3600 km s−1, with aγof ∼3.4 ± 0.2 (∼4.3 ± 0.7) at velocities (v) below a break at ∼1800 ± 100 km s−1(∼1600 ± 200 km s−1) and aγof ∼5.8 ± 0.3 (∼5.8 ± 0.2) at velocities higher than this. These indices are all smaller than predicted by first-order Fermi acceleration. In addition, the proton PADs in the covered pitch-angle range show anisotropies in the direction away from the shock in the region close to the upstream region and become nearly isotropic farther upstream, while downstream of the shock, they show a tendency of anisotropies towards 90° PA.Conclusions.These results suggest that the acceleration of suprathermal protons at interplanetary shocks are dynamic on a timescale of ∼10 s, that is, few proton gyroperiods. Furthermore, shock-drift acceleration likely plays an important role in accelerating these suprathermal protons.
Common Sounds Audiograms: Quantitative Analyses and Recommendations
Authors: Hillis Cory L. , Uchanski Rosalie M. , Davidson Lisa S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA counseling tool routinely used by pediatric audiologists and early intervention-specialists is the often-named “common sounds audiogram” (CSA). Typically, a child's hearing detection thresholds are plotted on the CSA to indicate that child's audibility of speech and environmental sounds. Importantly, the CSA may be the first item that parents see when their child's hearing loss is explained. Thus, the accuracy of the CSA and its associated counseling information are integral to the parents' understanding of what their child can hear and to the parents' role in the child's future hearing care and interventions. Currently available CSAs were collected from professional societies, early intervention providers, device manufacturers, etc., and analyzed (n = 36). Analysis included quantification of sound elements, presence of counseling information, attribution of acoustic measurements, and errors. The analyses show that currently-available CSAs are wildly inconsistent as a group, not scientifically justified, and omit important information for counseling and interpretation. Variations found among currently available CSAs can lead to very different parental interpretations of the impact of a child's hearing loss on his/her access to sounds, especially spoken language. Such variations, presumably, could also lead to different recommendations regarding intervention and hearing devices. Recommendations are outlined for the development of a new, standard CSA.
Complication Is Inevitable, but Suffering is Optional—Psychological Aspects of Dealing with Complications in Surgery
Authors: Le Hau D. , Wolinska Justyna M. , Baertschiger Reto M. , Himidan Sharifa A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSurgical complications remain common in health care and constitute a significant challenge for hospitals, surgeons, and patients. While they cause significant physical, financial, and psychological harm to patients and their families, they also heavily burden the involved physicians. This phenomenon, known as the “second victim,” results in negative short and long-term physical, cognitive, and psychological consequences on the surgeon. In this review, we explored the intricate connections between the surgeons' emotional response to adverse events concerning the patient outcome, perceived peer reaction, and existing social and institutional support systems. Using a selective literature review coupled with personal experiences, we propose a model of this complex interaction and suggest specific interventions to ameliorate the severity of response within this framework. The institution of the proposed interventions may improve the psychological well-being of surgeons facing complications and promote a cultural shift to better support physicians when they occur.
Restriction on the form of the quark anomalous magnetic moment from lattice QCD results*
Authors: Kawaguchi Mamiya , Huang Mei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The quark anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) is dynamically generated through spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. It has been revealed that, even though its exact form is still unknown, the quark AMM is essential to exploring quark matter properties and QCD phase structure under external magnetic fields. In this study, we take three different forms of the quark AMM and investigate its influence on the chiral phase transition under a magnetic field. In general, a negative (positive) quark AMM acts as a magnetic-catalyzer (magnetic-inhibitor) for chiral symmetry breaking. It is found that a constant quark AMM drives an unexpected 1st order chiral phase transition, a quark AMM proportional to the chiral condensate flips the sign on the chiral condensate, and a quark AMM proportional to the square of the chiral condensate suppresses the magnetic enhancement in the chiral condensate at finite temperatures while retaining the chiral crossover phase transition. We also evaluate the intrinsic temperature dependence of the effective AMM form by fitting the effective model result of the chiral condensate to lattice QCD data, which may have a nontrivial correlation with the chiral phase transition.
TriWaSp: a multi-faceted visible spectroscopy diagnostic on the ST40 tokamak
Authors: Willett H.V. , Osin D. , Naylor G. , Wood J. , Lomanowski B. , Sertoli M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a new state-of-the-art Triple Wavelength Spectrometer (TriWaSp), recently deployed on ST40, a high field low aspect ratio spherical tokamak. The TriWaSp has a range of possible applications due to its flexible design; the current configuration focuses on charge exchange recombination spectroscopy from carbon and neon impurities in the ST40 plasma. This paper discusses the detailed setup of the system and presents initial charge exchange ion temperature measurements using a single line of sight, which show good agreement with other ion temperature diagnostics. Building on these commissioning results and forward modelling of the system, a new observation geometry has been implemented for the next experimental campaign which will considerably improve the localisation of ion temperature and velocity profile measurements.
Dynamic turning and running of a hexapod robot using a separated and laterally arranged two-leg model
Authors: Chang I-Chia , Lin Pei-Chun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We report on the development of separated and laterally arranged two-leg (SLTL) models with/without differentiated leg properties and their use as the dynamic running and turning templates for a hexapod robot. The laterally arranged two-leg morphology enables differential driving for turning. The differentiable leg settings, such as stiffness, enables the model to adopt unbalanced leg arrangements of empirical legged gaits, such as a tripod gait, into consideration. The fixed-point motion of the model was utilized as the main methodology to plan dynamic running and turning, in which the plot of one-step distance versus period was constructed for the legs’ operation point selection and matching. The proposed methodology was experimentally validated using four indices: turning curvature, flight phase, motion stability, and energy efficiency. The experimental results show that the running robot using the SLTL model with differentiated leg stiffness has better energy efficiency than one without by 4%, while the latter model has identical performance to the original spring-loaded inverted pendulum model with rolling contact. As for turning, the robot using the SLTL models with/without differentiated leg stiffness can preserve dynamic turning in all experiments with turning curvatures up to

0.28

m

−
1

and

0.30

m

−
1

, respectively,

33
%

and

43
%

more than the robot using the original model-less phase-shift turning strategy (

0.21

m

−
1

). Using the proposed model-based strategy, the flight phase of the robot turning in all curvatures (including straight running) maintains around 20%, the root-mean-squared (RMS) values of pitch and roll remains less than

3

deg

, and the specific resistance (

S
R

) is bounded between

0.64

and

0.73

. By contrast, the robot using the phase-shifting turning strategy can maintain dynamic motion up to a turning curvature of

0.21

m

−
1

. A further increase in phase shifting not only does not increase the turning curvature but also changes the robot motion from running to walking. In this case, no flight phase exists, the

S
R

jumps up significantly, and RMS values of pitch and roll also increase dramatically. In short, the experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for initiating the dynamic running and turning of the robot.