bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Six‐Wave Mixing with Spatial Multimode and Squeezing via Atomic Coherence
Authors: Zhang Siqiang , Yan Jin , Feng Zhou , Luo Binshuo , Wei Jiajia , Cai Yin , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultimode properties, based on nonlinear parametric processes, have potential research value on entanglement imaging. This paper studies the spatial and frequency multimode from dressing parametric‐amplified six‐wave mixing (PA‐SWM) process with three entangled signals. The S1 signal contains fifth‐order nonlinearity, the S2 signal contains electromagnetically induced absorption and fifth‐order nonlinearity, and the S3 signal contains Autler–Townes splitting (AT), second‐ and fifth‐order nonlinearity. The frequency multimode is attributed to dressing energy level splitting in spontaneous SWM (SSWM) process. The spatial multimode is due to frequency multimode and beam splitting via Kerr nonlinearity. In the spatial domain, it finds the optimal conditions of intensity difference squeezing (IDS) and spatial imaging along with their competitive relationship. On the one hand, the light spots with single spatial mode are contributed to the maximum IDS but not conducive to entanglement imaging; on the other hand, the light spots with multiple spatial modes are instrumental in entanglement imaging but not appropriate for the IDS. This research has potential applications in squeezed light sources for quantum metrology, and correlated imaging of spatial signals.
Precise Nondestructive Parity Measurement of Artificial Atoms Using a Superconducting Resonator and Homodyne Measurement
Authors: Xiao Yang , Kang Yi‐Hao , Zheng Ri‐Hua , Liu Yang , Wang Yu , Song Jie , Xia Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a robust and accurate protocol is proposed to realize nondestructive parity measurement of artificial atoms using a superconducting resonator and homodyne measurement. With the help of an additional microwave driving field, the cavity field evolves into a coherent state or remains in a vacuum state according to the parity of the atoms. Consequently, the parity information of atoms can be read out by a homodyne measurement on the cavity. Parity information can be obtained without destroying the original state of the system, which means that the state can be further applied to other quantum information processing tasks after a parity measurement. The numerical simulation results show that the protocol is robust against systematic error, random noise, and decoherence. Therefore, this protocol can provide a feasible viewpoint for nondestructive parity measurement.
Adaptive anti‐disturbance sampling control of autonomous surface vehicles based on discrete‐time concurrent learning extended state observers
Authors: Li Huijuan , Cui Kai , Gu Nan , Liu Lu , Wang Dan , Peng Zhouhua 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis paper investigates the surge speed tracking control of an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) subject to fully unknown internal dynamic, external disturbance, and unknown control input gain. An adaptive anti‐disturbance sampling control method is proposed for an ASV without using any model parameters. Specifically, by utilizing real‐time and historical data, discrete‐time reduced‐order and full‐order concurrent learning extended state observers (CLESOs) are designed to estimate the unknown ASV model parameters and ensure estimation convergence without requiring persistent excitation. Then, a surge speed tracking control law is designed based on the discrete‐time full‐order CLESO. Through Lyapunov stability analysis, the closed‐loop system is proven to be stable, and the estimation and tracking errors are bounded. Simulation and hardware‐in‐loop experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed discrete‐time CLESOs for the surge speed tracking of an ASV with fully unknown dynamic model.
Patent remedies and technology licensing: Evidence from a supreme court decision
Authors: Aydin Ozden Senem , Khashabi Pooyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryRemedies for infringement are important determinants of the strength of patent protection. However, there has been little emphasis on the role of patent remedies in profiting from innovation via licensing. To address this gap, we examined the impact of patent remedies on technology licensing. Our study exploited a US Supreme Court decision that reduced the probability of issuing injunctions as a remedy to compare US firms' licensing propensity with that of a matched control group of European firms. We found that the decision reduced, on average, US firms' propensity to license. This effect is driven mainly by small firms and especially those in discrete technology industries. This research contributes to the literature on profiting from innovation and presents several implications for firms' licensing strategies.Managerial SummaryThis study demonstrates how patent remedies (i.e., injunctions vs. ongoing royalties) differentially influence firms' incentives to engage in technology licensing. We suggest that injunctions cast a credible threat to potential licensees' product market activities, enhance the bargaining power of licensors in negotiations, and increase the likelihood of making a deal. Our research shows that when the probability of obtaining an injunction declines, firms are less likely to capture value by out‐licensing their technological innovations. Especially for small firms, profiting from innovation via licensing becomes challenging. This effect exacerbates when small firms operate in discrete technology industries. These findings imply that in such conditions, firms may benefit from other value capture mechanisms, such as entering the product market or forming partnerships with industry incumbents.
Nanoparticles Targeted to Fibroblast Activation Protein Outperform PSMA for MRI Delineation of Primary Prostate Tumors
Authors: Dmochowska Nicole , Milanova Valentina , Mukkamala Ramesh , Chow Kwok Keung , Pham Nguyen T. H. , Srinivasarao Madduri , Ebert Lisa M. , Stait‐Gardner Timothy , Le Hien , Shetty Anil , Nelson Melanie , Low Philip S. , Thierry Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurate delineation of gross tumor volumes remains a barrier to radiotherapy dose escalation and boost dosing in the treatment of solid tumors, such as prostate cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumor targets has the power to enable focal dose boosting, particularly when combined with technological advances such as MRI‐linear accelerator. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in stromal components of >90% of epithelial carcinomas. Herein, the authors compare targeted MRI of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with FAP in the delineation of orthotopic prostate tumors. Control, FAP, and PSMA‐targeting iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared with modification of a lymphotropic MRI agent (FerroTrace, Ferronova). Mice with orthotopic LNCaP tumors underwent MRI 24 h after intravenous injection of nanoparticles. FAP and PSMA nanoparticles produced contrast enhancement on MRI when compared to control nanoparticles. FAP‐targeted MRI increased the proportion of tumor contrast‐enhancing black pixels by 13%, compared to PSMA. Analysis of changes in R2 values between healthy prostates and LNCaP tumors indicated an increase in contrast‐enhancing pixels in the tumor border of 15% when targeting FAP, compared to PSMA. This study demonstrates the preclinical feasibility of PSMA and FAP‐targeted MRI which can enable targeted image‐guided focal therapy of localized prostate cancer.
Pseudo‐Elasticity and Variable Electro‐Conductivity Mediated by Size‐Dependent Deformation Twinning in Molybdenum Nanocrystals
Authors: Peng Huayu , Hou Yuxuan , Meng Weiwei , Zheng He , Zhao Ligong , Zhang Ying , Li Kaixuan , Zhao Peili , Liu Ting , Jia Shuangfeng , Wang Jianbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeformation twinning merits attention because of its intrinsic importance as a mode of energy dissipation in solids. Herein, through the atomistic electron microscopy observations, the size‐dependent twinning mechanisms in refractory body‐centered cubic molybdenum nanocrystals (NCs) under tensile loading are shown. Two distinct twinning mechanisms involving the nucleation of coherent and inclined twin boundaries (TBs) are uncovered in NCs with smaller (diameter < ≈5 nm) and larger (diameter > ≈5 nm) diameters, respectively. Interestingly, the ultrahigh pseudo‐elastic strain of ≈41% in sub‐5 nm‐sized crystals is achieved through the reversible twinning mechanism. A typical TB cross‐transition mechanism is found to accommodate the NC re‐orientation during the pseudo‐elastic deformation. More importantly, the effects of different types of TBs on the electrical conductivity based on the repeatable experimental measurements and first‐principles calculations are quantified. These size‐dependent mechanical and electrical properties may prove essential in advancing the design of next‐generation flexible nanoelectronics.
Engineered Organic Nanorockets with Light‐Driven Ultrafast Transportability for Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Feng Ao , Cheng Xie , Huang Xing , Liu Yang , He Zhaoxia , Zhao Juan , Duan Huiyan , Shi Zhiqing , Guo Jintang , Wang Shuai , Yan Xibo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanomedicines confront various complicated physiological barriers limiting the accumulation and deep penetration in the tumor microenvironment, which seriously restricts the efficacy of antitumor therapy. Self‐propelled nanocarriers assembled with kinetic engines can translate external energy into orientated motion for tumor penetration. However, achieving a stable ultrafast permeability at the tumor site remains challenging. Here, sub‐200 nm photoactivated completely organic nanorockets (NRs), with asymmetric geometry conveniently assembled from photothermal semiconducting polymer payload and thermo‐driven macromolecular propulsion through a straightforward nanoprecipitation process, are presented. The artificial NRs can be remotely manipulated by 808 nm near‐infrared light to trigger the photothermal conversion and Curtius rearrangement reaction within the particles for robustly pushing nitrogen out into the solution. Such a two‐stage light‐to‐heat‐to‐chemical energy transition effectively powers the NRs for an ultrafast (≈300 µm s−1) and chemical medium‐independent self‐propulsion in the liquid media. That endows the NRs with high permeability against physiological barriers in the tumor microenvironment to directionally deliver therapeutic agents to target lesions for elevating tumor accumulation, deep penetration, and cellular uptake, resulting in a significant enhancement of antitumor efficacy. This work will inspire the design of advanced kinetic systems for powering intelligent nanomachines in biomedical applications.
Luminescent Carbon Nanodots Doped with Gadolinium (III): Purification Criteria, Chemical and Biological Characterization of a New Dual Fluorescence/MR Imaging Agent
Authors: Cardo Lucia , Martínez‐Parra Lydia , Cesco Michele , Echeverría‐Beistegui Begoña M. , Martínez‐Moro Marta , Herrero‐Álvarez Natalia , Cabrerizo Marta‐Beraza , Carregal‐Romero Susana , Ramos‐Cabrer Pedro , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesús , Prato Maurizio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon Dots (CDs) are luminescent quasi‐spherical nanoparticles, possessing water solubility, high biocompatibility, and tunable chemical and physical properties for a wide range of applications, including nanomedicine and theranostics. The evaluation of new purification criteria, useful to achieve more reliable CDs, free from the interference of artifacts, is currently an object of debate in the field. Here, new CDs doped with gadolinium (Gd (III)), named Gd@CNDs, are presented as multifunctional probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This new system is a case of study, to evaluate and/or combine different purification strategies, as a crucial approach to generate CDs with a better performance. Indeed, these new amorphous Gd@CNDs display good homogeneity, and they are free from emissive side products. Gd@CNDs (7–10 nm) contain 7% of Gd (III) w/w, display suitable and stable longitudinal relaxivity (r1) and with emissive behavior, therefore potentially useful for both MR and fluorescence imaging. They show good biocompatibility in both cellular and in vivo studies, cell permeability, and the ability to generate contrast in cellular pellets. Finally, MRI recording T1‐weighted images on mice after intravenous injection of Gd@CNDs, show signal enhancement in the liver, spleen, and kidney 30 min postinjection.
Physiologically‐Based Kinetic Modeling of Intravenously Administered Gold (Au) Nanoparticles
Authors: Minnema Jordi , Vandebriel Rob J , Boer Karin , Klerx Walther , De Jong Wim H. , Delmaar Christiaan J. E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhysiologically‐based kinetic (PBK) modeling is a valuable tool to understand the kinetics of nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo. However, estimating PBK parameters remains challenging and commonly requires animal studies. To develop predictive models to estimate PBK parameter values based on NP characteristics, a database containing PBK parameter values and corresponding NP characteristics is needed. As a first step toward this objective, this study estimates PBK parameters for gold NPs (AuNPs) and provides a comparison of two different NPs. Two animal experiments are conducted in which varying doses of AuNPs attached with polyethylene glycol (PEG) are administered intravenously to rats. The resulting Au concentrations are used to estimate PBK model parameters. The parameters are compared with PBK parameters previously estimated for poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) NPs loaded with cabazitaxel and for LipImage 815. This study shows that a small initial database of PBK parameters collected for three NPs is already sufficient to formulate new hypotheses on NP characteristics that may be predictive of PBK parameter values. Further research should focus on developing a larger database and on developing quantitative models to predict PBK parameter values.
Significantly Stabilizing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Induced by Nb‐Doping Pt/Co(OH)2 Nanosheets
Authors: Tian Yakun , Wen Ming , Huang Aijian , Wu Qingsheng , Wang Zhiguo , Zhu Quanjing , Zhou Tao , Fu Yongqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh stability and efficiency of electrocatalysts are crucial for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) toward water splitting in an alkaline media. Herein, a novel nano‐Pt/Nb‐doped Co(OH)2 (Pt/NbCo(OH)2) nanosheet is designed and synthesized using water‐bath treatment and solvothermal reduction approaches. With nano‐Pt uniformly anchored onto NbCo(OH)2 nanosheet, the synthesized Pt/NbCo(OH)2 shows outstanding electrocatalytic performances for alkaline HER, achieving a high stability for at least 33 h, a high mass activity of 0.65 mA µg−1 Pt, and a good catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 112 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Both experimental and theoretical results prove that Nb‐doping significantly optimizes the hydrogen adsorption free energy to accelerate the Heyrovsky step for HER, and boosts the adsorption of H2O, which further enhances the water activation. This study provides a new design methodology for the Nb‐doped electrocatalysts in an alkaline HER field by facile and green way.
The Precision Defect Engineering with Nonmetallic Element Refilling Strategy in g‐C3N4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Yujie , Tayyab Muhammad , Pei Wenkai , Zhou Liang , Lei Juying , Wang Lingzhi , Liu Yongdi , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraditional defect engineering and doping strategies are considered effective means for improving H2 evolution, but the uncontrollability of the modification process does not always lead to efficient activity. A defect‐induced heteroatom refilling strategy is used here to synthesize heteroatoms introduced carbon nitride by precisely controlling the “introduction” sites on efficient N1 sites. Density functional theory calculations show that the refilling of B, P, and S sites have stronger H2O adsorption and dissociation capacity than traditional doping, which makes it an optimal H2 production path. The large internal electric field strength of heteroatom‐refilled catalysts leads to fast electron transfer and the hydrogen production of the best sample is up to 20.9 mmol g−1 h−1. This work provides a reliable and clear insight into controlled defect engineering of photocatalysts and a universal modification strategy for typical heteroatom and co‐catalyst systems for H2 production.
Initiating Fluorine Chemistry in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon‐Derived Carbon for New Cluster‐Mode Na Storage with Superhigh Capacity
Authors: Shao Yuan , Cui Yahui , Wang Changda , Yang Qi , Hong Song , Tang Yongchao , Zhang Yong , Guo Xin , Zhang Lipeng , Song Li , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon materials are widely accepted as promising candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) anodes due to their chemical stability and conductivity, while the capacity is still unsatisfactory. Here, this work reports the superhigh capacity Na storage through initiating fluorine chemistry (CF bonds) in carbon synthesized by the dehydrogenation and fluorination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon such as pitch. Experimental and theoretical investigations uncover that CF bonds exist at the form of dangling bonds (CFx), which generates the coexistence of graphitic and defective nanodomains. It delivers a superhigh capacity of 450 mAh g−1, far surpassing most of current SIBs carbon anodes. Theoretical calculation attributes this performance to a new Na storage mechanism that Na can be accommodated in the form of cluster rather than a single ion at each host site with F‐doping. This work highlights the significance of carbon material chemistry in establishing the novel ion storage manner in SIBs and other batteries.
High‐Energy Aqueous Magnesium Ion Batteries with Capacity‐Compensation Evolved from Dynamic Copper Ion Redox
Authors: Zhang Shuxin , Wang Yaowei , Sun Yukun , Wang Yaru , Yang Yang , Zhang Peng , Lv Xuecheng , Wang Jiulin , Zhu Hong , NuLi Yanna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe low specific capacity and low voltage plateau are significant challenges in the advancement of practical magnesium ion batteries (MIBs). Here, a superior aqueous electrolyte combining with a copper foam interlayer between anode and separator is proposed to address these drawbacks. Notably, with the dynamic redox of copper ions, the weakened solvation of Mg2+ cations in the electrolyte and the enhanced electronic conductivity of anode, which may offer effective capacity‐compensation to the 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI)‐Mg conversion reactions during the long‐term cycles. As a result, the unique MIBs using expanded graphite cathode coupled with PTCDI anode demonstrate exceptional performance with an ultra‐high capacity (205 mAh g−1, 243 Wh kg−1 at 5 A g−1) as well as excellent cycling stability after 600 cycles and rate capability (138 mAh g−1, 81 Wh kg−1 at 10 A g−1).
Recent Advances in Mechanical Vibration Energy Harvesters Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Du Taili , Dong Fangyang , Xi Ziyue , Zhu Meixian , Zou Yongjiu , Sun Peiting , Xu Minyi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the development of autonomous/smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT), tremendous wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) are of great importance to realize intelligent mechanical engineering, which is significant in the industrial and social fields. However, current power supply methods, cable and battery for instance, face challenges such as layout difficulties, high cost, short life, and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, vibration is ubiquitous in machinery, vehicles, structures, etc., but has been regarded as an unwanted by‐product and wasted in most cases. Therefore, it is crucial to harvest mechanical vibration energy to achieve in situ power supply for these WSNs. As a recent energy conversion technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is particularly good at harvesting such broadband, weak, and irregular mechanical energy, which provides a feasible scheme for the power supply of WSNs. In this review, recent achievements of mechanical vibration energy harvesting (VEH) related to mechanical engineering based on TENG are systematically reviewed from the perspective of contact–separation (C‐S) and freestanding modes. Finally, existing challenges and forthcoming development orientation of the VEH based on TENG are discussed in depth, which will be conducive to the future development of intelligent mechanical engineering in the era of IoT.
The Internal Structure of the Velvet Worm Projectile Slime: A Small‐Angle Scattering Study
Authors: Baer Alexander , Hoffmann Ingo , Mahmoudi Najet , Poulhazan Alexandre , Harrington Matthew J. , Mayer Georg , Schmidt Stephan , Schneck Emanuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor prey capture and defense, velvet worms eject an adhesive slime which has been established as a model system for recyclable complex liquids. Triggered by mechanical agitation, the liquid bio‐adhesive rapidly transitions into solid fibers. In order to understand this mechanoresponsive behavior, here, the nanostructural organization of slime components are studied using small‐angle scattering with neutrons and X‐rays. The scattering intensities are successfully described with a three‐component model accounting for proteins of two dominant molecular weight fractions and nanoscale globules. In contrast to the previous assumption that high molecular weight proteins—the presumed building blocks of the fiber core—are contained in the nanoglobules, it is found that the majority of slime proteins exist freely in solution. Only less than 10% of the slime proteins are contained in the nanoglobules, necessitating a reassessment of their function in fiber formation. Comparing scattering data of slime re‐hydrated with light and heavy water reveals that the majority of lipids in slime are contained in the nanoglobules with homogeneous distribution. Vibrating mechanical impact under exclusion of air neither leads to formation of fibers nor alters the bulk structure of slime significantly, suggesting that interfacial phenomena and directional shearing are required for fiber formation.
Size‐Controlled Synthesis of Luminescent Few‐Atom Silver Clusters via Electron Transfer in Isostructural Redox‐Active Porous Ionic Crystals
Authors: Haraguchi Naoya , Ogiwara Naoki , Kumabe Yoshitaka , Kikkawa Soichi , Yamazoe Seiji , Tachikawa Takashi , Uchida Sayaka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAg clusters with a controlled number of atoms have received significant interest because they show size‐dependent catalytic, optical, electronic, or magnetic properties. However, the synthesis of size‐controlled, ligand‐free, and air‐stable Ag clusters with high yields has not been well‐established. Herein, it is shown that isostructural porous ionic crystals (PICs) with redox‐active polyoxometalates (POMs) can be used to synthesize Ag clusters via electron transfer from POMs to Ag+. Ag clusters with average numbers of three, four, or six atoms emitting blue, green, or red colors, respectively, are formed and stabilized in the PICs under ambient conditions without any protecting ligands. The cluster size solely correlates with the degree of electron transfer, which is controlled by the reduction time and types of ions or elements of the PICs. Thus, advantages have been taken of POMs as electron sources and PICs as scaffolds to demonstrate a convenient method to obtain few‐atom Ag clusters.