bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming seed coat imposed dormancy in wild species of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.)
Authors: Lamichaney Amrit , SJ Satheesh Naik , Hazra Kali Krishna , Datta Dibendu , Katiyar PK 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Occurrence of physical dormancy in the form of hard seed coat prevents proper utilisation and conservation of wild species of pigeonpea, which offers a source of many useful traits. Hence, in the present investigation attempt has been made to understand the variability in hardseededness and the pre-treatments to overcome it in 44 accessions comprising of 10 wild pigeonpea species (Cajanus scarabaeoides, C. crassus, C. platycarpus, C. cajanifolius, C. lineatus, Rynchosia minima, R. bracteata, R rothii, R rufescens and R. aurea). The level of hardseededness varied from 36–100%, with an average of 76.5%. Likewise, the time to initiate germination (T1), achieve 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT) varied between 16.18-249.9h, 94.7-607.7h and 37.5-153.2h, respectively. Overall, all the treatments reduced hardseededness and improved germination over the control, with partial incision on seed coat (PSCI) being the best treatment for all the species recording 70–98% germination, except for R. aurea (30%) and C. cajanifolius (59%). The hot water treatment (HWT) for 30 and 60 minutes was the best treatment for C. cajanifolius recording germination of 66–70% as compare to 11% in control. The sulphuric acid scarification (SAT) for 2 m was the best pre-treatment for overcoming dormancy and improving germination in R. bracteata, R. rothii and R. rufescens. The result indicated a significant inter and intra species variation in the effectiveness of pre-treatments in overcoming physical dormancy, suggesting that the optimum pre-treatment for overcoming hardseededness should be standardised for each accession. Also the dormancy breaking pre-treatments not only reduced hardseededness and improved final germination percent but it also reduced time for T1, T50 and MGT, suggesting that use of such pre-treatments before sowing could result into higher, uniform and rapid germination.
The Synergistic Effect of Biochar and Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(2- hydroxyethylmethacarylate)/Chitosan) Hydrogels on Saline Soil Properties and Carrot Productivity
Authors: Abdeen Sayed A. , hefni hassan , Awadallah-F Ahmed , El-Rahman Nasser R. Abd 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground Soil Salinity is one of the most important factors limiting crop production. Moreover, with the increasing population and saline soil worldwide there is no choice but to use saline soil to increase the agricultural area. Therefore, to increase carrot productivity under saline conditions, it's necessary to provide good management such as applying hydrogels and biochar for improving soil properties. Methodology Hydrogels (PEtOx-HEMA-CS) were prepared from poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), chitosan (CS), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA as crosslinker), by exposure those to gamma irradiation at range from 0–50 kGy with 0.9 kGy/h, and obtained three types of hydrogels according to concentration of chitosan. The PEtOx-HEMA-CS hydrogels were prepared for enhanced water holding capacity for agriculture purposes. The chemical structures of those were investigated by FTIR, XRD and SEM. Biochar (BC) as an active substance was physically mixed with those hydrogels at different ratios (0/100, 0.5/99.5, 1/99 and 100/0 (g/g) biochar/hydrogels). BC, PEtOx-HEMA-CS and the mixture of PEtOx-HEMA-CS-BC were mixed with saline soil at ratio 0.05 and 0.1% w/w of prepared materials/soil. Pot agriculture carrot experiments were conducted to mitigate the salinity hazards by using biochar with and without hydrogels. Findings The obtained data referred that there is a significant decrease in soil salinity and exchangeable sodium percentage and increase in organic matter, cation exchange capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water especially at (PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1-BC1. The highest increment percentage of NP and K were 36.36, 70 and 72%, respectively. Also, the relative increase of carrot productivity was 49.63% at the highest rates of biochar and hydrogels. However, the highest value of water use efficiency was observed at the mixture of biochar and hydrogels at (PEtOx-HEMA-CS5)0.1-BC1. Conclusion Finally, applying biochar combined with (PEtOx-HEMA-CS5) could be recommended as a good approach to enhance carrot productivity and water use efficiency under saline soil conditions.
Transient anxiety and depression-like behaviors are casually associated to depletion of Forkhead box P3 expression in regulatory T cells through inflammasome activation in the brain
Authors: Pasinetti Giulio , Yang Eun-Jeong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is a transcription factor that influences functioning of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which modulates peripheral immune response. Tregs-mediated innate and adaptive immunity are receiving considerable attention for their implication in mechanisms associated with anxiety and depression. Here, we demonstrated that depletion of Foxp3 expression causally promotes transient anxiety and depression-like behaviors associated with inflammasome activation in a Foxp3 conditional knock-out mouse. We found that restoration of Foxp3 expression causally reverses neurobehavioral changes through alteration of innate immune responses as assessed by caspase-1 activity and interleukin-1β release in the hippocampal formation of Foxp3 conditional knock-out mice. Moreover, we found that depletion of Foxp3 expression induces a significant elevation of granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages in blood, which are associated with transient expression of the matrix metalloprotease-9, and activation of inflammasomes in the brain, as well as neurobehavioral changes. The results suggest that the dynamic regulation of Foxp3-mediated inflammatory responses may be causally associated to anxiety and depression-like behaviors through transient promotion and reversal of innate immunity in the brain. Thus, Foxp3 could be a novel therapeutic target in reversible anxiety and depression.
Gut Microbiome Associated with Low Anterior Resection Syndrome after Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Park Soyoung , Kim Minjung , Park Ji Won , Choi Jinsun , Kim Hyo Jun , Lim Han-Ki , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Park Kyu Joo , Ji Yosep , Jeong Seung-Yong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to assess the likely association of gut microbiome with low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) symptoms. Postoperative stool samples from patients with minor or major LARS after sphincter-preserving surgery (SPS) for rectal cancer were collected and analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing method. The symptom patterns of LARS were classified into two groups (PC1LARS, PC2LARS) using principal component analysis. The dichotomized sum of questionnaire items (sub1LARS, sub2LARS) was used to group patients according to the main symptoms. According to microbial diversity, enterotype, and taxa, PC1LARS and sub1LARS were associated with frequency-dominant LARS symptoms and patients, while PC2LARS and sub2LARS were grouped as incontinence-dominant LARS symptoms and patients. Butyricicoccus levels decreased while overall LARS scores increased. The α-diversity richness index Chao1 showed a significantly negative correlation in sub1LARS and a positive correlation in sub2LARS. In sub1LARS, the severe group showed a lower Prevotellaceae enterotype and higher Bacteroidaceae enterotype than the mild group. Subdoligranulum and Flavonifractor showed a negative and a positive correlation with PC1LARS, respectively, while showing a negative relationship with PC2LARS. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were negatively correlated to PC1LARS. Frequency-dominant LARS had decreased diversity of gut microbiome and showed lower levels of lactic acid-producing bacteria.
External strengthening of RC structures with buckling-restrained braced frames
Authors: Erdil Elif Firuze , Ozcelik Ramazan , Erdal Ferhat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Four ½ scaled, 3-dimensional, 2-storey, deficient reinforced concrete (RC) specimens were examined by applying reverse static cyclic excursions. One of these specimens was the reference frame, and the others were externally strengthened using buckling-restrained braced steel frames (BRBFs). The BRBFs were connected to the RC specimens using anchorage rods. Therefore, these rods transferred the horizontal loads from the RC structure to the BRBFs. The BRBFs, as a novel lateral load-carrying mechanism, were able to withstand the lateral demands placed on the deficient RC structure. For the BRBFs, a new foundation was constructed adjacent to the existing foundations of the RC specimens, and they were connected to each other using anchorage rods. Hence, both foundations carried the forces induced by the steel and RC members with the help of anchorage rods. The test results showed that strengthening existing deficient RC buildings with BRBFs increased their rigidity, energy absorption, and load-carrying capacities when the structural RC elements remained in the elastic region or underwent limited plasticization. Thus, the strengthened RC specimens were effective at resisting the lateral demands as well as the self-weight and dead loads on them. Numerical analyses were also carried out, and the performance criteria for strengthened RC specimens were discussed in addition to the experimental studies. Thus, design proposals were presented for the exterior upgrading of RC buildings with BRBFs and their foundations.
Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Involving Pediatric Trainees
Authors: Bradley Morgan , Golan Roei , Agudelo Vanessa , Thomas Nicholas D , Donches Katherine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Pediatric trainees, like other medical professionals, can be held accountable for their actions and may be included in malpractice lawsuits. By understanding the factors that contribute to these cases, it may be possible to identify opportunities for intervention and prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the sources of malpractice cases involving pediatric trainees in order to inform the development of strategies to protect against such incidents.
Methods
LexisNexis, an online public legal research database containing records from the United States, was retrospectively reviewed for malpractice cases involving pediatric interns, residents, or fellows from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021. Cases were included if malpractice occurred following delivery of a newborn through the care of young adults up to age 21.
Results
A total of 56 cases were included consisting of 10 pediatric interns, 43 second or third-year residents, and 11 pediatric fellows as defendants. Seventeen cases (30.4%) led to patient mortality. Incorrect diagnosis or treatment was claimed in 45 cases (80.4%), delay in evaluation in 24 (42.9%), failure to supervise trainee in 22 (39.3%), trainee inexperience in 21 (37.5%), procedural error in 21 (37.5%), lack of informed consent of resident being involved in 2 (3.6%), prolonged operative time in 1 (1.8%), and lack of informed consent of procedure/complications in 1 (1.8%).
Conclusions
Malpractice cases involving pediatric trainees highlight the importance of adequate supervision by attending physicians. These concerns are not exclusive to interns and residents and necessitate action by all members of the healthcare team. Given the interplay of supervision and diagnostic accuracy, trainee education and faculty development should emphasize malpractice education and strategies to mitigate lawsuits to both improve patient outcomes and reduce likelihood of future malpractice claims.
PPM1K mediates metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acid and regulates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating ferroptosis in neurons
Authors: Li Tao , Zhao Lili , Li Ye , Dang Meijuan , Lu Jialiang , Lu Ziwei , Huang Qiao , Yang Yang , Feng Yuxuan , Wang Xiaoya , Jian Yating , Wang Heying , Zhang Lei , Jiang Yu , Fan Songhua , Wu Shengxi , Fan Hong , Kuang Fang , Zhang Guilian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Although reperfusion therapy is the most effective treatment for ischemic stroke, it still has limited benefits for many patients, and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a widely recognized cause of poor prognosis. Here, we aim to investigate the mechanism of protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K) mediates metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) by promoting fatty acid oxidation led to ferroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. We established the I/R model in mice and used BT2, a highly specific BCAA dehydrogenase (BCKD) kinase inhibitor to promote BCAA metabolism. We found that BCAA levels were elevated after I/R injury due to dysfunctional oxidative degradation caused by phosphorylated BCKD E1α subunit (BCKDHA). Additionally, the level of phosphorylated BCKDHA was determined by decreased PPM1K in neurons. We next demonstrated that BCAA could induce oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons in vitro. Our results further showed that BT2 could reduce neuronal ferroptosis by enhancing BCAA oxidation through inhibition of BCKDHA phosphorylation. Furthermore, BT2 was found to alleviate neurological behavior disorders after I/R injury in mice, and the effect was similar to ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Our findings reveal a novel role of BCAA in neuronal ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia and provide a new potential target for treatment of ischemic stroke.
TA-DNN - Two stage Attention based Deep Neural Network for Single Image Rain Removal
Authors: Lakshmi S Jothi , Bhuvaneshwari R , P Geetha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Computer Vision algorithms easily get affected by images or videos captured in outdoor environments due to various bad weather conditions such as rain, fog, snow, haze. Two-stage deep neural networks based on attention learning are proposed for single image rain removal. Based on the fact that the implicit connection among rain lines within the image is higher than that between the rain line and the background image, it is easier to learn the rain lines in the rainy image using attention learning. The proposed Two-stage Attention-based Deep Neural Network (TA-DNN) for single image rain removal essentially consists of modules such as Inception, Sequential Dual Attention Block (SDAB), and Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation Module (MSFAM) for feature extraction, rain line detection, and transfiguration, respectively. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method performs better when compared with the state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Calculus anuria: A urological emergency with an excellent outcome. A retrospective review of pediatric population from a stone belt country, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Habeeb , Aga Sanaullah , Khatri Sabeeta , Bajeer Irshad Ali , Sultan Sajid , Lanewala Ali Asghar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Calculus anuria is a catastrophic condition with dire consequences if not treated promptly. The purpose of this study was to identify factors which influence the short-term outcome of patients with calculus anuria. A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2016 to December 2021, in children up to the age of 18 years, who presented with calculus anuria and required emergency decompression at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Pakistan. One hundred and twenty-five children were included. Majority were born to consanguineous parents and a few of them had positive family history of stone disease. Severe illness was found in 25 (20%) patients and among them 8 (32%) required hemodialysis. Decompression by double J stenting is the preferred intervention in our institute and was done in 106 (85%) of children followed by Percutaneous nephrostomy tube in 10 (8%) successfully. A small number of patients, 9 (7%) required both procedures to relieve their obstruction. A significant number of patients, about 115 (92%), attained normal renal functions after intervention. No pertinent factors were identified, relating to incomplete renal recovery in 9 (7%) of patients who unfortunately progressed to chronic kidney disease.
Irrigated barley-grass pea crop mixtures can revive soil microbial activities and alleviate salinity: Evidence from desertic conditions of southern Morocco
Authors: Ashilenje Dennis S. , Amombo Erick , Hirich Abdelaziz , Devkota Krishna P. , Kouisni Lamfeddal , Nilahyane Abdelaziz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Soil salinity and aridity seriously limit productivity of annual forage crops. This problem can be remedied by cropping systems that activate microbes to modify soil structure and bind to excess salts. In randomized complete block experiments, we tested whether these mechanisms might be replicated in low, moderately and highly saline soils of Laayoune-Morocco (salt-affected soils) under irrigated grass pea and barley monocrops and their mixtures in 50–50% and 70 − 30% pure live seeding rates. The 50–50% barley, grass pea mixture significantly enhanced (p < 0.0001) CO2-C flux in low salinity and revived microbial activities in extremely saline conditions compared to monocrops. Irrigation acted independent of treatment to reduce soil salinity and sodium concentrations across salinity regimes. There were negative curvilinear relationships between water filled pore space and CO2-C flux along a continuum of increasing soil salinity. There were positive curvilinear relationships between shoot dry matter yield and CO2-C flux of grass pea monocrop and the 50–50% bipartite mixture of grass pea and barley along a range of reducing soil salinity. Overall, barley-grass pea mixtures can enhance microbial activities in moderate salinity and rejuvenate extremely saline soils with optimized irrigation at ~ 35% water filled pore space.
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI Estimation of Vascular Parameters using Knowledge-Based Adaptive Models
Authors: Bagher-Ebadian Hassan , Brown Stephen L. , Ghassemi Mohammad , Nagaraja Tavarekere N. , Valadie Grahm , Prabhu Acharya , Cabral Glauber , Divine George , Knight Robert , Lee Ian , Xu Jun , Movsas Benjamin , Chetty Indrin , Ewing James 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We introduce and validate four adaptive models (AMs) to perform a physiologically based Nested-Model-Selection (NMS) estimation of such microvascular parameters as forward volumetric transfer constant, Ktrans, plasma volume fraction, vp, and extravascular, extracellular space, ve, directly from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI raw information without the need for an Arterial-Input Function (AIF).
Methods
In sixty-six immune-compromised-RNU rats implanted with human U-251 cancer cells, DCE-MRI studies estimated pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters using a group-averaged radiological AIF and an extended Patlak-based NMS paradigm. One-hundred-ninety features extracted from raw DCE-MRI information were used to construct and validate (nested-cross-validation, NCV) four AMs for estimation of model-based regions and their three PK parameters. An NMS-based a priori knowledge was used to fine-tune the AMs to improve their performance.
Results
Compared to the conventional analysis, AMs produced stable maps of vascular parameters and nested-model regions less impacted by AIF-dispersion. The performance (Correlation coefficient and Adjusted R-squared for NCV test cohorts) of the AMs were: 0.914/0.834, 0.825/0.720, 0.938/0.880, and 0.890/0.792 for predictions of nested model regions, vp, Ktrans, and ve, respectively.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates an application of AMs that quickens and improves DCE-MRI based quantification of microvasculature properties of tumors and normal tissues relative to conventional approaches.
Lipidomics Analysis of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight or Obese Elderly Adults
Authors: Shao Feifei , Hu Xinxin , Li Jiayu , Bai Bona , Tian Limin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) form a metabolic disease continuum that has a continuously increasing prevalence. Lipidomics explains the complex interactions between lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases. We aimed to systematically investigate the plasma lipidome changes induced by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2DM in overweight/obese elderly individuals and to identify potential biomarkers to differentiate between the IGT, T2DM, and control groups.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, plasma samples from 148 overweight/obese elderly individuals, including 52 patients with IGT, 47 patients with T2DM, and 49 euglycemic controls, were analyzed using a high-coverage non-targeted absolute quantitative lipidomics approach.
Results
We quantified 1,840 lipids from thirty-eight classes and seven lipid categories. Among overweight/obese elderly individuals, the lipidomic profiles of IGT and T2DM patients were significantly different from those of controls, while they were similar in the IGT and T2DM groups. The concentrations of diglycerides, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, and ceramides were altered in the IGT and T2DM groups. IGT and T2DM induced the accumulation of triglycerides with longer chain lengths and phosphatidylcholines with longer even-chains and regulated the saturation of triglyceride- and phosphatidylcholine-associated fatty acids. Finally, 17 lipids that could be used to differentiate between the IGT, T2DM, and control groups were successfully identified.
Conclusion
Lipidomics revealed apparent lipidome-wide changes in overweight/obese elderly patients with IGT and T2DM. This study’s results help to explain the complex dysfunctional lipid metabolism in aging, obesity, and diabetes.
SALL4 as an indicator for the diagnosis of Hepatoid Carcinoma of the Ovary: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Jiana , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Primary hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary (HCO) is a rare, aggressive ovarian malignant tumor, morphologically resembling hepatocellular carcinoma and featuring with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA125). We report a case of a 64-year-old postmenopausal Chinese woman who presented with lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. The patient went through a maximal debulking surgery and the pathological biopsy revealed hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary. The immunohistochemical staining showed tumor cells were positive for AFP, spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4), monoclonal anti-cytokeratin (AE1/3) and tumor protein 53 (P53). After operation and one course of chemotherapy, the serum AFP dramatically declined to normal level and maintained for almost 2 years. Literature review demonstrates that the pathological and immunohistochemical features of HCO are variable, while elevated serum AFP is a common characteristic and SALL4 can be adopted to differentiate HCO from Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although there is no conventional treatment for HCO, complete tumor debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy as shown in this case can be a potential option. The serum AFP, CA125 rather than human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) can be employed as possible biomarkers to track treatment and monitor recurrence.