bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroclimate variations in the past 1000 years over Eastern China
Authors: Hao Zhixin , Zheng Jingyun , Liu Yang , Ge Quansheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydroclimate variations over eastern China are affected by the Asian monsoon, exhibiting great variability and frequent extreme events occurrence. However, the driving mechanisms of their spatial and temporal variabilities are not fully understood due to the short period of available climate observation data. Here we used interpolated dry/wet grades dataset derived from Chinese historical documents and method of regional division to reconstruct a new annual hydroclimatic variation dataset dating back 1000 years, including nine regions of eastern China. This dataset reveals the spatial coverage and trend of long‐lasting extreme drought and flood events, and discloses the spatial patterns and similarities of interannual (2–7‐year) and interdecadal (15–35‐year) hydroclimate variations under the different temperature backgrounds of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), Little Ice Age (LIA) and Current Warm Period. Although no obvious drying or wetting trends were detected in the past 1000 years, the frequencies of extreme flood and drought events during the two warm periods of 960–1300 and 1901–2000 were higher than those during the cold period of 1301–1900. There are 17 long‐lasting and even severe than 1637–1641 large spatial scale extreme drought events during the past 1000 years. The observed spatial dipole pattern of flooding in the south and drought in the north, or the opposite pattern, was rare during the historical period. However, it was the second leading mode explaining the low variances in the principal component analysis for 2–7‐year hydroclimatic variations, which were not related to temperature change. Moreover, the stability of the teleconnection between the hydroclimate over eastern China and the climatic modes of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation was further discussed.
A new extinct species of Scybalophagus dung beetle supports the collateral extinction hypothesis at the Chilean South American Pleistocene–Holocene boundary
Authors: Tello Francisco , Pino Mario , Vaz‐De‐Mello Fernando , Silva Fernando A. B. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe extinction of megaherbivores (weighing over 1000 kg) at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary caused drastic changes at multiple trophic levels. However, few examples of Pleistocene insect extinction have been reported in the literature. Here we describe a new extinct dung beetle species, Scybalophagus brellenthinae sp. nov., based on fossil remains recorded from an Upper Pleistocene sequence from Chilean Northern Patagonia (Osorno city: 40°34′S, 73°07′W) dated between ~16 400 and ~12 800 cal a bp. S. brellenthinae is shown to be a species of the genus Scybalophagus based on the following morphological characters: a bidentate clypeus, teeth separated by U‐shaped emargination; protibiae with three major denticles on the external margin, separated by minor denticles, present at the base of the protibiae; and mesotibiae with prominent transverse carinae. Additionally, this new species can be clearly distinguished from extant species of the genus by its shiny green color. Extant Scybalophagus are true dung beetle species that depend on fresh mammal dung for their nest development. Therefore, we suggest that the mass extinction of the megaherbivores during a period of drastic environmental change at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary in southern South America induced the collateral extinction of S. brellenthinae. Thus, this study provides new insights into dung beetle diversity of the past.
Intra‐cochlear Flushing Reduces Tissue Response to Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Razmovski Tayla , Brody Kate M. , Stathopoulos Dimitra , Zhang Dongcheng , Cho Ellie , Hampson Amy J. , Collins Aaron , Bester Christofer , O'Leary Stephen 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionIntraoperative trauma leading to bleeding during cochlear implantation negatively impacts residual hearing of cochlear implant recipients. There are no clinical protocols for the removal of blood during implantation, to reduce the consequential effects such as inflammation and fibrosis which adversely affect cochlear health and residual hearing. This preclinical study investigated the implementation of an intra‐cochlear flushing protocol for the removal of blood.MethodsThree groups of guinea pigs were studied for 28 days after cochlear implantation; cochlear implant‐only (control group); cochlear implant with blood injected into the cochlea (blood group); and cochlear implant, blood injection, and flushing of the blood from the cochlea intraoperatively (flush group). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) in addition to tissue response volumes were analyzed and compared between groups.ResultsAfter implantation, the blood group exhibited the highest ABR thresholds when compared to the control and flush group, particularly in the high frequencies. On the final day, the control and blood group had similar ABR thresholds across all frequencies tested, whereas the flush group had the lowest thresholds, significantly lower at 24 kHz than the blood and control group. Analysis of the tissue response showed the flush group had significantly lower tissue responses in the basal half of the array when compared with the blood and control group.ConclusionsFlushing intra‐cochlear blood during surgery resulted in better auditory function and reduced subsequent fibrosis in the basal region of the cochlea. This finding prompts the implementation of a flushing protocol in clinical cochlear implantation.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:1410–1416, 2024
Original Synthesis of Ethylene‐Acrylic Acid (ester) Copolymers Derivatives from 5‐substituted Cyclooctenes with A Controllable Way Via Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Zhong Huilin , Zhou Fuqiang , Zhang Feng , Xu Jiajia , Peng Deqian , He Xuelian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐value grades of ethylene‐acrylic acid (EAA) and ethylene‐acrylic ester copolymers have been producing produced from ethylene, acrylic acid (AA), and the alcohol derivative via radical reaction in autoclave reactor at a temperature of 150‒230 °C and pressure of 150–300 MPa. In this paper, EAA and its ester derivatives are originally created from the 5‐substituted cyclooctenes (COE) with side chains of carboxylic acid or ester derivatives by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) at normal temperature and pressure. Especially, the controllable insertion of side chain is effectively achieved by altering the molar ratio of COE and 5‐substituted COE. Furthermore, the polar carboxyl groups (ester groups) have a detrimental effect on the order assigns of the linear backbone and thus hindered crystallization, indicating relatively lower crystallizing and melting temperature with an increase in the content of side chain. As the amounts of polar groups raised, the stiffness of chain segments enhanced, thereby leading to an elevation in the copolymer's energy storage modulus (E') and glass transition temperature (Tg). Moreover, the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) technique is employed to characterize and fit the non‐isothermal crosslinking kinetics of the ethylene‐acrylic ester derivatives, and the crosslinking activation energy is determined to lie between 97 and 140 kJ mol−1.
Diffusion NMR of Poly(acrylic acid) Solutions: Molar Mass Scaling and pH‐Induced Conformational Variation
Authors: Lenoch Arthur , Schumacher Marcel , Gröschel André H. , Cramer Cornelia , Schönhoff Monika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSelf‐diffusion of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in dilute solution is studied by pulsed field gradient (PFG)‐NMR, also known as DOSY, and correlated to molecular weight with scaling laws at varying pH. Fitting a diffusion coefficient distribution model to PFG‐NMR data, the molecular weight polydispersity of commercial PAA samples is quantified. Due to good agreement with GPC data, diffusion measurements offer a viable alternative to estimate chain length properties with minimal sample preparation. Similar results are achieved by dynamic light scattering (DLS), however, with lower precision. The evolution of the scaling exponent with increasing pH indicates a transition from a globular state in highly acidic conditions (ν = 0.46) to a partially stretched conformation with a maximum at pH 5 (ν = 0.67). At higher pH, counterion screening counteracts chain expansion, while an unexpected increase in the width of the diffusion coefficient distribution occurs. A universal scaling law of the diffusivity applies for a chain length range of 25 ≤ N ≤ 1585, albeit with distinctly different scaling exponents. While opposing arguments are brought forward in recent literature concerning the pH‐dependence of short‐chain conformations, analysis supports the view that chain conformation is significantly affected by pH, even for short chains.
A systematic review on political ideology and persuasion
Authors: Cakanlar Aylin , White Katherine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncreasing political polarization in the United States and worldwide necessitates understanding of the key factors that can help shift different political groups' attitudes and behaviors regarding vital issues. In this article, we provide a systematic review of the research literature on political ideology and persuasion. By organizing the literature at three levels (self, social, and system), we propose an organizing framework for thinking about various persuasive factors that can encourage attitude and behavior change among conservatives and liberals. Our review highlights that considering the three levels at which persuasion operates can guide future theory and research, as well as provide practical tools for marketers and policymakers wishing to decrease ideological extremity and foster attitude and behavior change across both sides of the political divide.
C3S Energy: A climate service for the provision of power supply and demand indicators for Europe based on the ERA5 reanalysis and ENTSO‐E data
Authors: Dubus Laurent , Saint‐Drenan Yves‐Marie , Troccoli Alberto , De Felice Matteo , Moreau Yohann , Ho‐Tran Linh , Goodess Clare , Amaro e Silva Rodrigo , Sanger Luke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe EU Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) has produced an operational climate service, called C3S Energy, designed to enable the energy industry and policymakers to assess the impacts of climate variability and climate change on the energy sector in Europe. The C3S Energy service covers different time horizons, for the past 40 years and the future. It provides time series of electricity demand and supply from wind, solar photovoltaic and hydropower, and can be used for recent trends analysis, seasonal outlooks or the assessment of climate change impacts on energy mixes in the long term. This article introduces this service and the resulting dataset, with a focus on the design and validation of the energy conversion models, based on ENTSO‐E energy data and the ERA5 climate reanalysis. Flexibility and coherence across all countries have been preferred upon models' accuracy. However, the comparison with ENTSO‐E data shows that the models provide plausible energy indicators and, in particular, allow comparing climate variability effects on power demand and generation in a harmonized manner all over Europe.
Radioactive Iodine in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic AGREE II Clinical Practice Guideline Appraisal
Authors: Monos Stylianos , Fritz Christian , Harris Jacob , Romeo Dominic , Ng Jinggang J. , Xu Katherine , Cooperberg Benjamin , Moreira Alvaro , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveIdentify and appraise clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for radioactive iodine (RAI) indications in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), and the treatment for radioactive iodine refractory (RAI‐R) DTC using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool.Data SourcesMEDLINE (Pubmed), Ovid (EMBASE), and Scopus.Review MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify CPGs addressing RAI in DTC. CPGs were appraised by 4 independent reviewers in 6 distinct areas of quality. Scaled domain scores were subsequently calculated for each domain. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for each domain to assess interrater reliability.ResultsSixteen guidelines were found addressing RAI indications for DTC. Of these 16, 9 also addressed the treatment of RAI‐R DTC. A further 6 unique guidelines were identified that exclusively address RAI‐R DTC, bringing the total number of guidelines to 22. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines for adult thyroid cancer were the highest scoring with a mean score of 83.5%. Two guidelines scored >60% in 5 or more domains, qualifying as “high” quality: ATA and British Thyroid Association. The highest scoring domain was domain 4: clarity of presentation (80.4%) while the lowest scoring domain was domain 5: applicability (38.6%).ConclusionOf the 22 guidelines identified, only two were “high quality.” CPGs exclusively addressing the treatment of RAI‐R DTC were weak with most guidelines scoring in the “low” quality range. This report reveals an unmet need for rigorously developed guidelines addressing indications for RAI in DTC, as well as the treatment for RAI‐R DTC.
Overview of global real‐world data sources for pediatric pharmacoepidemiologic research
Authors: Wharton Gerold T. , Becker Claudia , Bennett Dimitri , Burcu Mehmet , Bushnell Greta , Ferrajolo Carmen , Kaplan Sigal , McMahon Ann W. , Movva Naimisha , Raman Sudha R. , Scholle Oliver , Suh Mina , Sun Jenny W. , Horton Daniel B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeGiven limited information available on real‐world data (RWD) sources with pediatric populations, this study describes features of globally available RWD sources for pediatric pharmacoepidemiologic research.MethodsAn online questionnaire about pediatric RWD sources and their attributes and capabilities was completed by members and affiliates of the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology and representatives of nominated databases. All responses were verified by database representatives and summarized.ResultsOf 93 RWD sources identified, 55 unique pediatric RWD sources were verified, including data from Europe (47%), United States (38%), multiregion (7%), Asia‐Pacific (5%), and South America (2%). Most databases had nationwide coverage (82%), contained electronic health/medical records (47%) and/or administrative claims data (42%) and were linkable to other databases (65%). Most (71%) had limited outside access (e.g., by approval or through local collaborators); only 10 (18%) databases were publicly available. Six databases (11%) reported having >20 million pediatric observations. Most (91%) included children of all ages (birth until 18th birthday) and contained outpatient medication data (93%), while half (49%) contained inpatient medication data. Many databases captured vaccine information for children (71%), and one‐third had regularly updated data on pediatric height (31%) and weight (33%). Other pediatric data attributes captured include diagnoses and comorbidities (89%), lab results (58%), vital signs (55%), devices (55%), imaging results (42%), narrative patient histories (35%), and genetic/biomarker data (22%).ConclusionsThis study provides an overview with key details about diverse databases that allow researchers to identify fit‐for‐purpose RWD sources suitable for pediatric pharmacoepidemiologic research.
Reliability and validity evidence of the School Anxiety Inventory scores in a sample of Spanish children: A new self‐report
Authors: García‐Fernández José M. , Gómez‐Núñez María Isabel , Mateu‐Martínez Ornela , Urbán Dori J. A. , Inglés Cándido J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnxiety and school fears are relatively frequent in childhood. Psychology and education professionals need to have assessment instruments for screening for school anxiety in schools. This study aimed to develop, adapt, and examine the reliability and validity evidence of the School Anxiety Inventory for Primary Education (SAI‐PE) scores. Using random cluster sampling, a sample of 843 Spanish students (51.7% girls), ages ranging from 8 to 12 years (M = 10.03, SD = 1.25), was selected from public and concerted schools. The content validity of the SAI‐PE scores was analyzed through experts' judgment and students' assessment of their comprehension of the instrument's items. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses support the validity of the SAI‐PE scores. The results revealed a multifactorial structure for the scores of anxiety reactions (cognitive, psychophysiological, and behavioral) and school situations scores (school punishment, victimization, social, and academic evaluation). The study conclusions reinforce the importance of having instruments that assess the complexity of emotional responses such as school anxiety, favoring its early detection and evaluating the effectiveness of preventive and/or therapeutic programs in schools.
Tetracycline inhibits tick host reproduction by modulating bacterial microbiota, gene expression and metabolism levels
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Kai , Li Si‐Si , Yang Chen , Zhang Yu‐Fan , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Liu Jing‐Ze 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTicks are disease vectors that are a matter of worldwide concern. Antibiotic treatments have been used to explore the interactions between ticks and their symbiotic microorganisms. In addition to altering the host microbial community, antibiotics can have toxic effects on the host.RESULTSIn the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, engorged females showed reproductive disruption after microinjection of tetracycline. Multi‐omics approaches were implemented to unravel the mechanisms of tick reproductive inhibition in this study. There were no significant changes in bacterial density in the whole ticks on Day (D)2 or D4 after tetracycline treatment, whereas the bacterial microbial community was significantly altered, especially on D4. The relative abundances of the bacteria Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas decreased after tetracycline treatment, whereas the relative abundances of Coxiella and Rhodococcus increased. Ovarian transcriptional analysis revealed a cumulative effect of tetracycline treatment, as there was a significant increase in the number of differentially expressed genes with treatment time and a higher number of downregulated genes. The tick physiological pathways including lysosome, extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction, biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoids‐quinones, insect hormone biosynthesis, and focal adhesion were significantly inhibited after 4 days of tetracycline treatment. Metabolite levels were altered after tetracycline treatment and the differences increased with treatment time. The differential metabolites were involved in a variety of physiological pathways; the downregulated metabolites were significantly enriched in the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, galactose metabolism, and ether lipid metabolism pathways.CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that tetracycline inhibits tick reproduction through the regulation of tick bacterial communities, gene expression and metabolic levels. The results may provide new strategies for tick control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of precipitation in Xiamen, southeast China coast: Seasonal variations, synoptic processes, and typhoons impact
Authors: Lin Yunpeng , Li Yunhai , Wang Liang , Yin Xinjie , Zou Xiaochun , Li Guogang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, the δ2H and δ18O values of 162 precipitation samples (including 33 typhoon‐related samples), collected in Xiamen, southeast China coast, during June 2018 to August 2019, were investigated and analysed. The findings indicate an obvious seasonal variation in the δ2H and δ18O, primarily influenced by the East Asia Monsoon system with notable impact from typhoon occurrences during summer months. The synoptic time‐series variation of δ2H and δ18O exhibits greater complexity: three distinct types of isotopic variations were observed, indicating a clear influence from re‐evaporation processes and continuing equilibrium fractionation during condensation. The variation patterns of δ2H and δ18O were dominated by the local meteorological parameters that govern the re‐evaporation, whereas the overall isotopic composition of precipitation was primarily regulated by the moisture sources. The unique atmospheric structure and dynamic processes of typhoons led to a three‐stage variation of δ2H and δ18O in precipitation as the distance between the typhoon's centre and the study area changed. The consistent configuration of typhoon structure prompts analogous staged changes in different typhoon‐related precipitation. The trajectory of moisture source for typhoon‐related precipitation demonstrates a clear spiral structure (excluding typhoon Yutu), revealing notable impacts from typhoon events.
Robust cooperative tracking of multiagent systems with asymmetric saturation actuator via output feedback
Authors: Qian Juan , Wang Xiaoling , Su Housheng , Jiang Guo‐Ping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe robust tracking control problem of the leader‐follower multiagent systems affected by asymmetric input saturation and external disturbances is addressed in this article, by following three steps. First, an radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is developed to estimate the external disturbances and supersaturation, where the supersaturation is induced by asymmetric saturation actuator. Second, combining with the developed radial basis function neural network, a reduced‐order observer‐based static protocol and a reduced‐order observer‐based adaptive one are designed for leader‐follower systems with un‐directed communication topology as well as those with directed communication topology, respectively. Third, some mild premises are given to guarantee the semiglobal robust leader‐follower consensus for the above mentioned two kinds of multiagent systems. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by several numerical simulations.
Preparation of Starch‐Fatty Acid Esters from Agro‐Based Raw Materials (Corn Starch, Cassava Starch, Coconut Oil, and Castor Seed Oil)
Authors: Amos Olusegun , Pashameah Rami Adel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe preparation of starch‐fatty acid esters is investigated for corn starch and cassava starch. The fatty acid contents are obtained from the hydrolysis of coconut oil and castor oil respectively and are characterized by GC/MS techniques. The major fatty acid component of coconut oil is found to be lauric acid (34%) while that of castor oil is ricinoleic acid (84%). Four different starch‐fatty esters are prepared, namely cassava starch‐coconut fatty acid esters (CacoFAE), cassava starch‐castor fatty acid ester (CacaFAE), corn starch‐coconut fatty acid ester (CocoFAE), and corn starch‐castor fatty acid ester (CocaFAE). The starch‐fatty acid esters are analyzed using FT‐IR and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometer techniques. All the esterified starch‐fatty acid esters contain the C=O absorption peak at 1707 cm−1 which is the peak corresponding to the ester group formed between the starch hydroxyl and fatty acid carboxylic functions. The major fatty acid eluted from LC‐MS for CacoFAE and CocoFAE is lauric (dodecanoic) acid with 67.4% and 74% respectively while ricinoleic acid (58%) is obtained for CacaFAE. The data for CocaFAE are mainly dominated by the ester of the fatty acids.