bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective power of friendship, advocacy and activism: A short report on the experiences of Who Cares? members and allies
Authors: Roesch‐Marsh Autumn , Roxburgh Marissa , Bartlett Thomas , Nicholas Donna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFriendship is valued by most children and young people around the world. In research on happiness, it is often identified as an essential ingredient for a happy life. In this short report we go further by exploring the importance of friendship as an ingredient in advocacy and activism. The report is written by two care experienced young people and two adult allies. The report explores how friendship makes advocacy and activism more possible and more powerful. Drawing on our reflections and personal experiences we discuss how having a space to make friends with others who have care experience and allies, and working together to effect change around policy and practice, has a protective impact on those working for change and those they support. These friendships are protective in practical and emotional ways, but they are also protective because they help hope to grow. We argue that the protective power of friendship, advocacy and activism should be more widely recognised as an important function of advocacy organisations like Who Cares? Scotland.
QSAR Modelling of Biological Activity in Cannabinoids with Quantum Similarity Combinations of Charge Fitting Schemes and 3D‐QSAR
Authors: Navarro‐Acosta Daniela , Coba‐Jimenez Ludis , Pérez‐Gamboa Alfredo , Cubillan Néstor , Vivas‐Reyes Ricardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractQuantitative structure−activity relationship(QSAR) modeled the biological activities of 30 cannabinoids with quantum similarity descriptors(QSD) and Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA). The PubChem[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/] database provided the geometries, binding affinities(Ki) to the cannabinoid receptors type 1(CB1) and 2(CB2), and the median lethal dose(LD50) to breast cancer cells. An innovative quantum similarity approach combining (self)‐similarity indexes calculated with different charge‐fitting schemes under the Topo‐Geometrical Superposition Algorithm(TGSA) were used to obtain QSARs. The determination coefficient(R2) and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation[Q2(LOO)] quantified the quality of multiple linear regression and support vector machine models. This approach was efficient in predicting the activities, giving predictive and robust models for each endpoint [pLD50: R2=0.9666 and Q2(LOO)=0.9312; pKi(CB1): R2=1.0000 and Q2(LOO)=0.9727, and pKi(CB2): R2=0.9996 and Q2(LOO)=0.9460], where p is the negative logarithm. The descriptors based on the electrostatic potential encrypted better electronic information involved in the interaction. Moreover, the similarity‐based descriptors generated unbiased models independent of an alignment procedure. The obtained models showed better performance than those reported in the literature. An additional 3D‐QSAR CoMFA analysis was applied to 15 cannabinoids, taking THC as a template in a ligand‐based approach. From this analysis, the region surrounding the amino group of the SR141716 ligand is the more favorable for the antitumor activity.
Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Osteoclastogenesis Activities of Different Kinds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seed Oil in Vitro
Authors: Zhang Baochao , Luo Shuhan , Wu Shanshan , Li Jingjing , He Fangting , Luo Ruocheng , Wu Yating , Pan Meiling , Yong Li , Pei Xiaofang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOur previous study has exhibited that one kind of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil (ZSO), extracted from Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed, had inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis. However, the anti‐osteoclastogenesis activities of different kinds of ZSO are scarcely reported. Since inflammation is related to bone loss and osteoporosis, in this study, three kinds of ZSO, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold et Zucc seed oil (ZSSO), Zanthoxylum armatum DC. seed oil (ZDSO) and Zanthoxylum bungeanum maximum seed oil (ZBSO), were obtained with Soxhlet extraction and their fatty acid constituents were detected by GC‐FID. RAW264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of three kinds of ZSO on inflammation via detecting the expression levels of inflammatory factors by RT‐qPCR. Moreover, RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis was applied to demonstrate the anti‐osteoclastogenesis activities of them through tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and RT‐qPCR. The GC‐FID results exhibited that the highest constituent in ZSSO and ZDSO was oleic acid (OA) and palmitoleic acid (PLA), respectively. While linoleic acid (LA) and α‐Linolenic acid (ALA) in ZBSO were dominant. At the concentration of 0.5 μL/mL, all three kinds of ZSO could decrease the expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) in LPS‐induced macrophages. At the concentration of 0.25 μL/mL, only ZSSO could decrease the expression levels of iNOS and COX‐2, which implied the inhibitory effects of ZSSO were stronger than other ZSOs. The number of RANKL‐induced osteoclasts and the expressions of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the cells were decreased after being treated with ZSOs at the concentration of 0.5 μL/mL, while the number of RANKL‐induced osteoclasts after treated with ZBSO were less than those treated with other ZSOs, this indicated that the anti‐osteoclastogenesis effect of ZBSO were stronger than other ZSOs. In conclusion, the fatty acid compositions of three major kinds of ZSO were compared and the content of unsaturated fatty acids especially ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ZBSO were the highest among them. All ZSOs tested had anti‐inflammatory and anti‐osteoclastogenesis activities. And their anti‐osteoclastogenesis effects might be related to the suppression of the NF‐κB pathway.
Impact of solid‐state fermentation by Aspergillus niger 4Q and Cyberlindnera fabianii J2 on antioxidant and flavor properties of whole grain barley
Authors: Zhai Xiao‐Tong , Wang Hui‐Qing , Han Lin , Wang Fu‐Ying , Zhang Yu‐Hong , Li Ji , He Cai‐An , Tan Bin , Wang Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAspergillus niger 4Q and Cyberlindnera fabianii J2 were isolated from a traditional Chinese sweet rice wine starter because of their better fermentation characteristics and sensory properties of final products. To understand the impacts of the cofermentation with Aspergillus niger 4Q and Cyberlindnera fabianii J2 in a solid state on the nutritional and physico‐chemical properties of whole grain barley, yellow barley and black barley were used as raw materials. Content of chemical and nutritional compositions, in vitro antioxidant activity, color, and volatile flavor compound analysis of untreated, cooked and fermented barley samples were evaluated.FindingsThe contents of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and anthocyanin of black barley were 1.25 times, 1.21 times, and 2.05 times higher than those in yellow barley (p < .05). After fermentation, the proteins, water‐soluble dietary fiber, and β‐glucan contents of both black barley and yellow barley samples were about respectively 1.3 times, 4.6 times, and 1.2 times higher than those in raw materials (p < .05). Total proportion of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, along with the antioxidant capacity, free radical scavenging rate and Fe2+ chelating activity were significantly increased (p < .05). Lighter and brighter color were observed in fermented barleys which might be credit to the reduced anthocyanins. The acidic methyl esters, uniquely existed in untreated barley, were transformed into acetate esters after fermentation. Ethyl 3‐methyl‐acetate, with a fruity aroma, was the major proportion of esters in fermented barley, endued the unique flavor to fermented barley.ConclusionsSolid‐state fermentation of yellow barley and black barley by A. niger 4Q and C. fabianii J2 could effectively improve their nutritional and physico‐chemical properties.Significance and NoveltyThis study may contribute to providing a solution for improving the nutritional and sensory preterits of whole grain barley, as well as a theoretical support for promoting the direct utilization of barley in food processing.
Lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome: A case report
Authors: Acedo Natalia , Alonso Alejandro , Feijoó Eliana Samantha , García Cristina , Ortiz Ana M. , Alegre Adrián 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) is a rare entity associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage. Corticosteroids have been used in its treatment with favorable results. We present the case of a 54‐year‐old female patient with a personal history of Lupus diagnosed with LAHPS following an episode of cerebellar hemorrhage.
Cutaneous granuloma annulare in an adult patient with macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Deng Ruixin , Meng Xingye , Wang Aiping , Li Ruoyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare but life‐threatening disorder that is associated with multiple organ involvement. Here, we described cutaneous granuloma annulare in MAS. This novel histological finding is a reminder to explore the underlying mechanisms of skin involvement in MAS, which may reveal its pathogenesis.
Photocatalytic Ketyl Radical Initiated Cketyl−Csp2/Csp3 Coupling on ZnIn2S4
Authors: Han Chuang , Han Guanqun , Habibur Rahman Md , Mannodi‐Kanakkithodi Arun , Sun Yujie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven C−C bond formation utilizing ketyl radical (Cketyl) species has attracted increasing attention recently, as it provides a direct route for the synthesis of complex molecules. However, the most‐developed homogeneous photocatalytic systems for the generation and utilization of ketyl radicals usually entail noble metal‐based (e. g., Ru and Ir) photosensitizers, which suffer from not only high cost but also potential degradation and hence pose challenges in product separation and purification. In contrast, readily accessible, inexpensive, and recyclable semiconductors represent a class of attractive and alternative photocatalysts but remain much less explored for photocatalytic ketyl radical initiated C−C bond formation. This work demonstrates that a wide range of industrially important chemicals, including substituted chromanes and tertiary alcohols, can be produced on ZnIn2S4 under visible light irradiation through intramolecular cyclization (Cketyl−Csp2) and intermolecular cross‐coupling (Cketyl−Csp3) reactions, respectively, using ketyl radicals. A suite of experimental studies aided by computational investigation were carried out to shed light on the mechanistic insights of these two types of ketyl radical initiated C−C coupling reactions on ZnIn2S4.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Methyl Ammonium Bismuth Iodide Absorber Layer Based Lead Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Quasim Khan Mohd , Alsulmi Ali , Kim Haekyoung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the development and production of perovskite or perovskite‐like materials that do not contain lead (Pb) for the purpose of constructing solar cells. The development and testing of lead‐free perovskite‐like structures for solar cells is crucial. In this study, we used the solar cell capacitance software (SCAPS) to simulate perovskite solar cells based on methyl ammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9). The electron‐transport layer, hole‐transport layer, and absorber layer thickness were optimized using SCAPS. The simulated perovskite solar cells (FTO/TiO2/MA3Bi2I9/spiro‐OMeTAD/Au) performed well with a power conversion efficiency of 14.07 % and a reasonable open circuit voltage of 1.34 V, using the optimized conditions determined by SCAPS. Additionally, we conducted experiments to fabricate perovskite solar cells under controlled humidity, which showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.31 %.
Could theropod dinosaurs have evolved to a human level of intelligence?
Authors: Reiner Anton 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNoting that some theropod dinosaurs had large brains, large grasping hands, and likely binocular vision, paleontologist Dale Russell suggested that a branch of these dinosaurs might have evolved to a human intelligence level, had dinosaurs not become extinct. I offer reasons why the likely pallial organization in dinosaurs would have made this improbable, based on four assumptions. First, it is assumed that achieving human intelligence requires evolving an equivalent of the about 200 functionally specialized cortical areas characteristic of humans. Second, it is assumed that dinosaurs had an avian nuclear type of pallial organization, in contrast to the mammalian cortical organization. Third, it is assumed that the interactions between the different neuron types making up an information processing unit within pallium are critical to its role in analyzing information. Finally, it is assumed that increasing axonal length between the neuron sets carrying out this operation impairs its efficacy. Based on these assumptions, I present two main reasons why dinosaur pallium might have been unable to add the equivalent of 200 efficiently functioning cortical areas. First, a nuclear pattern of pallial organization would require increasing distances between the neuron groups corresponding to the separate layers of any given mammalian cortical area, as more sets of nuclei equivalent to a cortical area are interposed between the existing sets, increasing axon length and thereby impairing processing efficiency. Second, because of its nuclear organization, dinosaur pallium could not reduce axon length by folding to bring adjacent areas closer together, as occurs in cerebral cortex.
How smart dinosaurs?
Authors: Reiner Anton 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis commentary discusses the main points made in Reiner's article on the prospect that some theropod dinosaurs could have given rise to a lineage that achieved a human level of intelligence, and those made in Herculano‐Houzel's article on the potentially monkey‐like numbers of neurons in the pallium of large theropods, and the implications of this for their intelligence.
Investigation on the equi‐depth of color depth formulas based on color discrimination threshold and acceptable tolerance
Authors: Yang Hongying , Qi Mengyuan , Zhang Ge , Yang Zhihui , Feng Nuoya , Yang Yubin , Xu Changhai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurate characterization of color depth is important for assessing a dye's relative strength, color fastness, and so on. There are several formulas for color depth, however, with evaluation effects that are quite different. In this study, we attempt to investigate the equi‐depth properties of the color depth formulas so as to provide a reference for selection. One thousand two hundred and six color samples were dyed around six standard depths of three hues in SDC Standard Depth Scales. Sixteen observers were recruited for “Pass–Fail” psychophysical experiments. More than 30 000 experimental data points were obtained to calculate the values of discrimination thresholds and acceptable tolerances at six different standard depths for each formula. The equi‐depth properties of five main color depth formulas were statistically analyzed through their coefficients of variation (CV)% values. Results show that the Yang3 formula is optimal for both color depth discrimination threshold and acceptable tolerance, and its average wrong decision is less than the minimum wrong decision of all observers, as well as those of the other four formulas. Overall, Yang3 formula shows the best equi‐depth and highest relatively accuracy among the five formulas.
Optical Properties of PT‐Based Relaxor Ferroelectric Crystals
Authors: He Chongjun , Wen Ying , Wen Yiyang , Zhou Kai , Deng Chenguang , Li Qian , Lu Yuangang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the last two decades, PT‐based relaxor ferroelectric crystals such as (1−x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PZN–PT), (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PMN–PT), and (1−x−y)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–yPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PIN–PMN–PT or PIMNT) crystals, are widely studied due to their huge piezoelectric properties and super‐high electro‐mechanical coupling factors. They have excellent properties with compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). It is gratifying that the PT‐based relaxor crystals are replacing traditional PZT piezo‐ceramics in many application fields. Most ferroelectrics with oxygen‐octahedral structure, which show outstanding electro‐mechanical properties, also have excellent optical performances. Ferroelectric single crystals with large electro‐optic (EO) modulation are widely applied in laser communication devices. For the practical applications, the knowledge of detailed optical parameters is desirable. This paper tries to show a global review on the optical properties of PT‐based relaxor ferroelectric crystals. In the present review, optical properties of the crystals are systematically summarized, including refractive index dispersion, transmittance, band gap, EO, acousto‐optic, and photorefractive properties. These properties change with the crystal composition, orientation, and poling condition. The purpose of the review is to provide a resource for the researchers who are concerned with basic physical investigation or optical device applications of the PT‐based relaxor ferroelectric crystals.
Recycling of All‐Solid‐State Li‐ion Batteries: A Case Study of the Separation of Individual Components Within a System Composed of LTO, LLZTO and NMC**
Authors: Waidha Aamir Iqbal , Salihovic Amila , Jacob Martine , Vanita Vanita , Aktekin Burak , Brix Kristina , Wissel Kerstin , Kautenburger Ralf , Janek Jürgen , Ensinger Wolfgang , Clemens Oliver 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the current global projection of over 130 million electric vehicles (EVs), there soon will be a need for battery waste management. Especially for all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (lithium ASSBs), aspects of waste management and circular economy have not been addressed so far. Within such ASSBs, the use of solid‐electrolytes like garnet‐type Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) may shift focus on strategies to recover not only the transition metal elements but also elements like La/Zr/Ta. In this work, we present a two‐step recycling approach using citric acid as the leaching agent to separate and recover the individual components of a model cell comprising of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode, Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) garnet electrolyte and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathode. We observe that by adjusting the concentration of citric acid, it was possible to separate the materials from each other without strong mixing of individual phases and also to maintain their principle performance characteristics. Thus, the process developed has a potential for upscaling and can guide towards considering separation capability of battery components in the development of lithium ASSBs.
Anti‐β7 integrin treatment impedes the recruitment on non‐classical monocytes to the gut and delays macrophage‐mediated intestinal wound healing
Authors: Sommer Katrin , Heidbreder Karin , Kreiss Lucas , Dedden Mark , Paap Eva‐Maria , Wiendl Maximilian , Becker Emily , Atreya Raja , Müller Tanja M. , Atreya Imke , Waldner Maximilian , Schürmann Sebastian , Friedrich Oliver , Neurath Markus F. , Zundler Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundClosing mucosal defects to reach mucosal healing is an important goal of therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Among other cells, monocyte‐derived macrophages are centrally involved in such intestinal wound healing. We had previously demonstrated that the anti‐α4β7 integrin antibody vedolizumab blocks the recruitment of non‐classical monocytes as biased progenitors of wound healing macrophages to the gut and delays wound healing. However, although important for the interpretation of disappointing results in recent phase III trials in IBD, the effects of the anti‐β7 antibody etrolizumab on wound healing are unclear so far.MethodsWe analyzed the expression of etrolizumab targets on human and mouse monocyte subsets by flow cytometry and assessed their function in adhesion and homing assays. We explored wound‐associated monocyte recruitment dynamics with multiphoton microscopy and compared the effects of etrolizumab and vedolizumab surrogate (‐s) antibodies on experimental wound healing and wound‐associated macrophage abundance. Finally, we investigated wound healing macrophage signatures in the large intestinal transcriptome of patients with Crohn's disease treated with etrolizumab.ResultsHuman and mouse non‐classical monocytes expressed more αEβ7 integrin than classical monocytes and were a target of etrolizumab‐s, which blocked non‐classical monocyte adhesion to MAdCAM‐1 and E‐Cadherin as well as gut homing in vivo. Intestinal wound healing was delayed on treatment with etrolizumab‐s along with a reduction of peri‐lesional wound healing macrophages. Wound healing macrophage signatures in the colon of patients with Crohn's disease were substantially down‐regulated on treatment with etrolizumab, but not with placebo.ConclusionsCombined blockade of αEβ7 and α4β7 with etrolizumab seems to exceed the effect of anti‐α4β7 treatment on intestinal wound healing, which might help to inform further investigations to understand the recent observations in the etrolizumab phase III trial program.
Thermodynamic and transport properties of plasmas: Low‐density benchmarks
Authors: Röpke G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhysical properties of plasmas, such as equations of state (EoS) and transport coefficients, are expressed in terms of correlation functions, which can be calculated using various approaches (analytical theory and numerical simulations). The method of Green's functions provides benchmark values for these properties in the low‐density limit. For the EoS and electrical conductivity, expansions with respect to density (virial expansions) are considered. The comparison of analytical results with numerical simulations is used to verify theory, to prove the accuracy of simulations, and establish interpolation formulas.
Genetic diversity and population structure among native, naturalized, and invasive populations of the common yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae)
Authors: Zimmer Elizabeth A. , Berg Jason A. , Dudash Michele R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn ongoing controversy in invasion biology is the prevalence of colonizing plant populations that are able to establish and spread, while maintaining limited amounts of genetic variation. Invasive populations can be established through several routes including from a single source or from multiple introductions. The aim of this study was to examine genetic diversity in populations of Mimulus guttatus in the United Kingdom, where the species is considered invasive, and compare this diversity to that in native populations on the west coast of North America. Additionally, we looked at diversity in non‐native populations that have not yet become invasive (naturalized populations) in eastern North America. We investigated population structure among populations in these three regions and attempted to uncover the sources for populations that have established in the naturalized and invasive regions. We found that genetic diversity was, on average, relatively high in populations from the invasive UK region and comparable to native populations. Contrastingly, two naturalized M. guttatus populations were low in both genetic and genotypic diversity, indicating a history of asexual reproduction and self‐fertilization. A third naturalized population was found to be a polyploid Mimulus hybrid of unknown origin. Our results demonstrate that M. guttatus has likely achieved colonization success outside of its native western North America distribution by a variety of establishment pathways, including those with genetic and demographic benefits resulting from multiple introductions in the UK, reproductive assurance through selfing, and asexual reproduction in eastern North America, and possible polyploidization in one Canadian population.