bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Older Adults With Mild Balance Dysfunction Who Participated in a Supervised Seniors Exercise Park Program Progressing to Independent Practice
Authors: Ng Yoke Leng , Hill Keith D. , Burton Elissa 
Published: January 2023

Older adults with mild balance dysfunction can benefit from early intervention. This research explored the experiences of older adults with mild balance dysfunction participating in an 18-week supervised outdoors Seniors Exercise Park program and 6 weeks of unsupervised independent practice. Factors influencing attendance and independent practice were also explored. Semistructured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 24 participants (mean age = 77.4 years, SD = 5.4) and 22 participants (mean age = 77.5 years, SD = 5.6) after 18 and 24 weeks, respectively. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Many participants perceived improvements in health and responded positively to the supervised Seniors Exercise Park program. Factors supporting attendance included building social connections and positive instructor personality. Barriers to training included competing time demands and poor health. These insights suggest that a group-based Seniors Exercise Park supervised program was well accepted and can be an option to improve the health of older adults with mild balance dysfunction.
Evolution of Longevity as a Species-Specific Trait in Mammals
Authors: Shilovsky Gregory A. , Putyatina Tatyana S. , Markov Alexander V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFrom the evolutionary point of view, the priority problem for an individual is not longevity, but adaptation to the environment associated with the need for survival, food supply, and reproduction. We see two main vectors in the evolution of mammals. One is a short lifespan and numerous offspring ensuring reproductive success (r-strategy). The other one is development of valuable skills in order compete successfully (K-strategy). Species with the K-strategy should develop and enhance specific systems (anti-aging programs) aimed at increasing the reliability and adaptability, including lifespan. These systems are signaling cascades that provide cell repair and antioxidant defense. Hence, any arbitrarily selected long-living species should be characterized by manifestation to a different extent of the longevity-favoring traits (e.g., body size, brain development, sociality, activity of body repair and antioxidant defense systems, resistance to xenobiotics and tumor formation, presence of neotenic traits). Hereafter, we will call a set of such traits as the gerontological success of a species. Longevity is not equivalent to the evolutionary or reproductive success. This difference between these phenomena reaches its peak in mammals due to the development of endothermy and cephalization associated with the cerebral cortex expansion, which leads to the upregulated production of oxidative radicals by the mitochondria (and, consequently, accelerated aging), increase in the number of non-dividing differentiated cells, accumulation of the age-related damage in these cells, and development of neurodegenerative diseases. The article presents mathematical indicators used to assess the predisposition to longevity in different species (including the standard mortality rate and basal metabolic rate, as well as their derivatives). The properties of the evolution of mammals (including the differences between modern mammals and their ancestral forms) are also discussed.
Planetary Metronome as a Regulator of Lifespan and Aging Rate: The Metronomic Hypothesis
Authors: Olovnikov Alexey M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A metronomic mechanism for the duration control of ontogenetic cycle periods of an animal is proposed. The components of the proposed metronomic system include the ventricular system of the brain, planet Earth as a generator of metronomic signals, and temporal DNA (tDNA) as a substrate that is epigenetically marked to measure elapsed time of ontogenesis. The metronomic system generates repetitive signals in the form of hydrodynamic disturbances in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The metronomic effect arises due to the superposition of two processes – the near-wall unidirectional flow of CSF and oscillations in the movement of the planet. Hydrodynamic impacts of the metronome are transformed into nerve impulses that initiate epigenetic modification of tDNA in neurons, changing the content of factors expressed by this DNA for innervated targets of the body. The duration of ontogenetic cycle periods, including duration of the adult life, depends on the rate of addition of epigenetic marks to tDNA. This rate depends mainly on the frequency of the metronomic signals used by each particular species. But epigenetic modifications can also be influenced by factors that modulate metabolism and the rate of chromatin modifications, such as a calorie-restricted diet.
Biology of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus
Authors: Mingaleeva Rimma N. , Nigmatulina Nigina A. , Sharafetdinova Liliya M. , Romozanova Albina M. , Gabdoulkhakova Aida G. , Filina Yuliya V. , Shavaliyev Rafael F. , Rizvanov Albert A. , Miftakhova Regina R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
New coronavirus infection causing COVID-19, which was first reported in late 2019 in China, initiated severe social and economic crisis that affected the whole world. High frequency of the errors in replication of RNA viruses, zoonotic nature of transmission, and high transmissibility allowed betacoronaviruses to cause the third pandemic in the world since the beginning of 2003: SARS-CoV in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. The latest pandemic united scientific community and served as a powerful impetus in the study of biology of coronaviruses: new routes of virus penetration into the human cells were identified, features of the replication cycle were studied, and new functions of coronavirus proteins were elucidated. It should be recognized that the pandemic was accompanied by the need to obtain and publish results within a short time, which led to the emergence of an array of conflicting data and low reproducibility of research results. We systematized and analyzed scientific literature, filtered the results according to reliability of the methods of analysis used, and prepared a review describing molecular mechanisms of functioning of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This review considers organization of the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, mechanisms of its gene expression and entry of the virus into the cell, provides information on key mutations that characterize different variants of the virus, and their contribution to pathogenesis of the disease.
Community engagement self-monitoring (CE-SM) strategy for social innovations in health: pilot implementation in the Philippines
Authors: Tiangco Pauline Marie Padilla , Mier-Alpano Jana Deborah , Cruz Jose Rene Bagani , Alacapa Jason , Escauso Joey , Amazigo Uche , Halpaap Beatrice , Labarda Meredith , Juban Noel 
Published: January 2023

The Social Innovation in Health Initiative (SIHI) piloted a community engagement self-monitoring (CE-SM) strategy, where communities were actively engaged in monitoring the implementation and performance of their social innovations to ensure that their objectives were achieved. This strategy aims to empower communities to document processes, understand the factors involved and measure outcomes by developing a community-grounded self-monitoring tool and implementing their own approach.Two community comanaged social innovations were selected. For one innovation, the communities implemented the CE-SM independent of external intervention. For the second, the communities were provided with minimal assistance by SIHI. These communities identified their monitoring indicators and selected local monitors to collect data to assess performance outcomes and document the entire process.Communities chose indicators based on their perceived importance and practicality, while monitors were chosen based on their familiarity with the community. Community leaders’ proactive leadership and community members’ participation contributed significantly to its success. The important role of regular feedback sessions was also emphasised, not only as a means of monitoring progress but also for boosting their morale. The level of external support needed by a community was determined by the scope of the project and the community’s grasp of the strategy.CE-SM has been demonstrated to be a viable strategy when communities realise their capacity to monitor their own projects using an approach they deem fit. It has also enhanced their sense of ownership which could improve the chances of sustaining these initiatives and contribute to more accessible healthcare and services.
Risk factors of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among patients with tuberculosis at selected multidrug resistance treatment initiative centres in southern Ethiopia: a case-control study
Authors: Admassu Fantahun , Abera Ermias , Gizachew Addisalem , Sedoro Tagesse , Gari Taye 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors for multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among patients with TB at selected MDR-TB treatment initiative centres, southern Ethiopia, 2021.DesignAn unmatched case-control study was employed.SettingMultidrug resistance treatment initiative centres in southern Ethiopia (Nigist Elen Mohamed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Butajira General Hospital).ParticipantsA total sample size of 392 (79 cases and 313 controls) were selected by the systematic sampling technique. Caseswere all patients with TB with culture proven or line probe assay confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin and registered on second-line TB treatment. Controls were all patients with bacteriological (molecular) proven drug-susceptible TB strains and whose recent smear results were turned to negative and registered as cured. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of MDR-TB infections.Main outcome measureIdentifying the risk factors for MDR-TB.ResultsA total of 392 participants (79 cases and 313 controls) were interviewed. Multivariable analysis showed that direct contact with known patients with TB (AOR =4.35; 95% CI: 1.45 to 9.81), history of previous TB treatment (AOR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.50 to 8.24), history of cigarette smoking (AOR=3.24; 95% CI :2.17 to 6.91) and living in rural area (AOR=4.71; 95% CI :3.13 to 9.58) were identified risk factors for MDR-TB infections.ConclusionsThe study findings revealed that direct contact with known patients with TB, previous history of TB treatment, history of cigarette smoking and rural residence were potential risk factors for the occurrence of MDR-TB. In order to reduce the burden of drug resistance, strategies of controlling MDR-TB in the study area should emphasise on enhancing public health education and reducing treatment interruptions of patients with TB and drug-resistant TB.
Are joint replacement registries associated with burden of revision changes? A real-world panel data regression analysis
Authors: Okafor Charles Ebuka , Nghiem Son , Byrnes Joshua 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThe association of joint replacement registries with outcomes such as revision burden is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate whether joint replacement registries are associated with the burden of revision changes while controlling for confounders that could affect the association.DesignA longitudinal study involving a combination of cross-sectional and time series data from 1980 to 2018. The study was a panel regression analysis using the difference-in-difference method.SettingData from countries with joint replacement registries and countries without joint replacement registries were used. Registry data were obtained from joint replacement registries’ annual reports, while non-registry data were obtained from each included country’s pooled hospitals’ annual revision burden reported in the literature.Outcome measuresChanges in revision burden from 1980 to 2018 was the outcome measure. The revision burden in the registry periods of registry countries was compared with the non-registry periods of registry and non-registry countries.ResultsData were obtained from 12 registry periods and 8 non-registry periods. The average difference in revision burden in the registry periods of registry countries relative to the non-registry periods of registry and non-registry countries was statistically significant for hip, −3.80 (95% CI (−2.50 to −5.10); p<0.001) percentage points and knee, −1.63 (95% CI (−1.00 to −2.30); p<0.001) percentage points. This translates to a 19.30%, and 21.85% reduction in revision burden for hip and knee registries, for the whole sampling period.ConclusionJoint replacement registries are associated with a significant reduction in the burden of revision. Although revision burden reduces over time even without the registries, the establishment of joint replacement registries is associated with an increased reduction. The establishment of joint replacement registries in non-registry countries would be a worthwhile decision as it will further improve the outcomes of arthroplasty surgeries.
Identification of patients with type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who are at increased risk of progressing to advanced fibrosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mettananda Chamila , Egodage Thimira , Dantanarayana Channaka , Fernando Rumal , Ranaweera Lakmali , Luke Nathasha , Ranawaka Chamila , Kottahachchi Dulani , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , de Silva Hithanadura Janaka , Dassanayake Anuradha Supun 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionIdentification of advanced hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is important as this may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The risk of hepatic fibrosis is especially high among patients with diabetes with NAFLD. Annual screening of patients with diabetes for fatty liver and calculation of Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and exclusion of significant fibrosis with vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) have been recommended. However, VCTE is expensive and may not be freely available in resource-limited settings. We aim to identify predictors of significant liver fibrosis who are at increased risk of progression to advanced liver fibrosis and to develop a prediction model to prioritise referral of patients with diabetes and NAFLD for VCTE.Methods and analysisThis cross-sectional study is conducted among all consenting adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus with NAFLD at the Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka. All patients get the FIB-4 score calculated. Those with FIB-4 ≥1.3 undergo VCTE (with FibroScan by Echosens). Risk associations for progression to advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis will be identified by comparing patients with significant fibrosis (liver stiffness measure (LSM) ≥8 kPa) and without significant fibrosis (LSM <8 kPa). A model to predict significant liver fibrosis will be developed using logistic regression.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya (P/66/07/2021). Results of the study will be disseminated as scientific publications in reputable journals.
Examining the immediate and ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population-based estimates of dementia: a population-based time series analysis in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Jones Aaron , Bronskill Susan E , Maclagan Laura C , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Kirkwood David , Mayhew Alexandra , Costa Andrew P , Griffith Lauren E 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesPopulation-based chronic disease surveillance systems were likely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to examine the immediate and ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the claims-based incidence of dementia.MethodsWe conducted a population-based time series analysis from January 2015 to December 2021 in Ontario, Canada. We calculated the monthly claims-based incidence of dementia using a validated case ascertainment algorithm drawing from routinely collected health administrative data. We used autoregressive linear models to compare the claims-based incidence of dementia during the COVID-19 period (2020–2021) to the expected incidence had the pandemic not occurred, controlling for seasonality and secular trends. We examined incidence by source of ascertainment and across strata of sex, age, community size and number of health conditions.ResultsThe monthly claims-based incidence of dementia dropped from a 2019 average of 11.9 per 10 000 to 8.5 per 10 000 in April 2020 (32.6% lower than expected). The incidence returned to expected levels by late 2020. Across the COVID-19 period there were a cumulative 2990 (95% CI 2109 to 3704) fewer cases of dementia observed than expected, equivalent to 1.05 months of new cases. Despite the overall recovery, ascertainment rates continued to be lower than expected among individuals aged 65–74 years and in large urban areas. Ascertainment rates were higher than expected in hospital and among individuals with 11 or more health conditions.ConclusionsThe claims-based incidence of dementia recovered to expected levels by late 2020, suggesting minimal long-term changes to population-based dementia surveillance. Continued monitoring of claims-based incidence is necessary to determine whether the lower than expected incidence among individuals aged 65–74 and in large urban areas, and higher than expected incidence among individuals with 11 or more health conditions, is transitory.
Mental health and well-being of unpaid caregivers: a cross-sectional survey protocol
Authors: Parry Monica , Beleno Ron , Nissim Rinat , Baiden Deborah , Baxter Pamela , Betini Raquel , Bjørnnes Ann Kristin , Burnside Heather , Gaetano Daniel , Hemani Salima , McCarthy Jane , Nickerson Nicole , Norris Colleen , Nylén-Eriksen Mats , Owadally Tasneem , Pilote Louise , Warkentin Kyle , Coupal Amy , Hasan Samya , Ho Mabel , Kulbak Olivia , Mohammed Shan , Mullaly Laura , Theriault Jenny , Wayne Nancy , Wu Wendy , Yeboah Eunice K , O'Hara Arland , Peter Elizabeth 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionUnpaid caregiving, care provided by family/friends, is a public health issue of increasing importance. COVID-19 worsened the mental health conditions of unpaid caregivers, increasing substance/drug use and early development of chronic disease. The impact of the intersections of race and ethnicity, sex, age and gender along with unpaid care work and caregivers’ health and well-being is unknown. The aim of this study is to describe the inequities of caregiver well-being across the intersections of race and ethnicity, sex, age and gender using a cross-sectional survey design.Methods and analysisWe are collaborating with unpaid caregivers and community organisations to recruit a non-probability sample of unpaid caregivers over 18 years of age (n=525). Recruitment will focus on a target sample of 305 South Asian, Chinese and Black people living in Canada, who represent 60% of the Canadian racial and ethnic populations. The following surveys will be combined into one survey: Participant Demographic Form, Caregiver Well-Being Index, interRAI Self-report of Carer Needs and the GENESIS (GENdEr and Sex DetermInantS of Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Beyond-Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome) PRAXY Questionnaire. Sample characteristics will be summarised using descriptive statistics. The scores from the Caregiver Well-Being Index will be dichotomised into fair/poor and good/excellent. A two-stage analytical strategy will be undertaken using logistic regression to model fair/poor well-being and good/excellent well-being according to the following axes of difference set a priori: sex, race and ethnicity, gender identity, age, gender relations, gender roles and institutionalised gender. The first stage of analysis will model the main effects of each factor and in the second stage of analysis, interaction terms will be added to each model.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Toronto’s Health Sciences Research Ethics Board granted approval on 9 August 2022 (protocol number: 42609). Knowledge will be disseminated in pamphlets/infographics/email listservs/newsletters and journal articles, conference presentation and public forums, social media and through the study website.Trial registration numberThis is registered in the Open Sciences Framework with a Registration DOI as follows:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PB9TD
Time to onset of clinical response to anifrolumab in patients with SLE: pooled data from the phase III TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 trials
Authors: Bruce Ian N , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Psachoulia Konstantina , Lindholm Catharina , Maho Emmanuelle , Tummala Raj 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the time course of clinical response following anifrolumab treatment in patients with SLE.MethodsA post hoc analysis was conducted using pooled data from phase III, randomised, 52-week, placebo-controlled, Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway (TULIP)-1 and TULIP-2 trials of intravenous anifrolumab (every 4 weeks, 48 weeks) in patients with moderate-to-severe SLE receiving standard therapy. Anifrolumab 300 mg and placebo groups were compared for British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) response over time, time to sustained BICLA response, SLE Responder Index ≥4 (SRI(4)) response over time, time to sustained Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index Activity (CLASI-A) response and change in glucocorticoid dosage over time. All p values for comparisons were nominal.ResultsOf the 726 evaluated patients (anifrolumab 300 mg, n=360; placebo, n=366), a greater proportion attained a BICLA response in the anifrolumab versus the placebo group from Week 8 (p<0.001); treatment group differentiation was maintained at all subsequent visits to Week 52. Consistently, more patients achieved a BICLA response sustained to Week 52 in the anifrolumab versus placebo group (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.20). More patients attained SRI(4) response with anifrolumab than placebo from Week 12 (p=0.005). As early as Week 8, more patients achieved CLASI-A skin response sustained to Week 52 with anifrolumab versus placebo (HR=1.72, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.55). Glucocorticoid dosage reductions from baseline were greater in anifrolumab-treated versus placebo-treated patients from Week 20 (p=0.010) through Week 52.ConclusionsAnifrolumab treatment was associated with sustained improvements in overall SLE disease activity and skin responses versus placebo from Week 8, which likely led to greater glucocorticoid reductions in the anifrolumab versus placebo groups from Week 20. These findings provide insights to physicians and patients on when to expect potential clinical responses following anifrolumab treatment.