bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Intellect is the Essence of the Human”: The Arabic Poem of the Intellect (Qaṣīdat al-ʿAql) by the Indian Fatimid-Ṭayyibī Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin (1888–1965)
Authors: Qutbuddin Tahera , Qutbuddin Aziz 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The 177-verse Arabic Poem of the Intellect (Qaṣīdat al-ʿAql) composed by the Indian Fatimid-Ṭayyibī Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin (d. 1385/1965) breaks new ground in substance and form. In form, the poem creatively amalgamates the genres of qaṣīdah (poem), risālah (treatise), and waṣiyyah (testament) to produce an eloquent and innovative hybrid text. In content, it uniquely combines a philosophical exposition on Islamic theology and ethics with a road map to living a Pure Life. After an opening frame that provides a philosophical foundation, the poem’s three large thematic sections draw on the Qurʾan, the Prophet’s Hadith, and the sermons of Imam ʿAlī to describe principles of belief and approach, articles of character and deeds, and the grounding of both—abstract philosophy and concrete instructions—in love for and allegiance to the divine guides, the Imams and Dāʿīs, who are “God’s rope.” It has a gentle tone, preaching harmony between all people on earth, tranquility in one’s life, cheerfulness and positivity, and an atmosphere of love and caring. The closing section brings the poet directly into the frame of reference, stating that he, as the incumbent Dāʿī, is himself the manifestation of God’s rope in the current time, and those who follow his guidance will return to Paradise. The present article provides a window into Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin’s remarkable poem, translating and analyzing it against the backdrop of Fatimid and Ṭayyibī theological works and, briefly, the colonial and post-colonial fabric of early 20th century India, to explore a significant and largely unknown chapter of Arabic poetry.
Islamic Historiography as Polemic Literature: Deconstructing Biographies of Medieval Jewish Converts
Authors: Mazor Amir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article considers biographical material on Jewish converts authored by Muslim historians, primarily in Mamluk Egypt and Syria from the 13th to 15th centuries, enumerating and analyzing its recurring themes. Among its key findings is that the motifs found in this material are consonant with Islamic theological perceptions of other faith-based groups, especially the Jews. These themes also reflect their writers’ notion of exemplary history. Beyond this, I suggest that the main objective behind the texts under review is the affirmation of basic principles espoused in the Qurʾān, ḥadīth, and the sīrah for the purpose of demonstrating the veracity and superiority of the Muslim faith.
Ghassān Kanafānī’s Children: Agency and Contingency
Authors: Nashef Ismail 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the major premises of Arab (post)colonial modernity is that the child could be a key bearer of change for a better future for the society. For the child to be successful as a bearer of change, she must first be transformed into a modern subject. In this article, I present the Palestinian case to explore this premise, examining the nature of the child as a modern subject with a particular type of agency. Specifically, I will focus on how Ghassān Kanafānī’s literary works represent the child as a sociopolitical agent. I analyze several literary genres, including dedications, letters, short stories, and novels. The article concludes by suggesting that this particular agency is a hybrid of child-adult agency, bounded by intergenerational succession in the context of patriarchal-colonial Palestine of the post-Nakbah era.
Power, Narrative, and Magical Realism in Hudā Ḥamad’s Sindrīllāt Masqaṭ
Authors: Aljomaa Mervat 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines the narrative and literary techniques employed in Hudā Ḥamad’s Sindrīllāt Masqaṭ to draw on Omani women’s experiences of writing and speaking as sources of empowerment and narrative identity. Marking a shift from the dominant realistic and historical fiction often associated with male writers, Ḥamad experiments with magical realism, the carnivalesque, intertextuality, and metafiction to reconfigure the novelistic genre beyond the national prescriptions of literary production. Through the voice of the narrator, alongside the voices of other ordinary women, the novel underscores the significance of women’s symbolic practices within the societal and cultural boundaries of Oman. In an allegory of writing—a major thread running throughout the novel—the narrator/writer seeks to combine the composite, multiple, and fictional fragments of various women’s stories into a single readable text that preserves oral and cultural memory. Thus, on the one hand, this article explores the writer’s experimentation with narrative and storytelling within the context of the Omani literary tradition. On the other hand, it examines modes of women’s empowerment that work through articulative and enunciative practices in the face of linguistic frustration.
‘Software as Medical Device’ Regulation: What the US Can Teach to the EU for a Fairer Balance Towards Its Digital Sovereignty?
Authors: Fiorentini Anna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The AI presence in healthcare (e.g., telemedicine platforms and Software as Medical Devices) is uncontroversial by now. Beyond the Big Tech already for some time large investors in this field, the States, repeatedly accused to be unable keeping pace with the exponential technological development, are growingly called upon to deal with it. Taking the distance from those who perceive the US as a regulatory model to oppose in order to assert the EU digital sovereignty, the present analysis will prove that a glimpse across the Atlantic could only help the EU legislator. With a specific focus on the SaMD regulation, it will be shown how the choices made in the US appear to be grounded on a fair balance between patient and economic operators’ rights. Building on it, a new balancing formula needs to be put forward to guide the EU intensive legislative activity for the digital world.
Addressing the Legal Quagmire of Complementary Legal Pathways
Authors: Stoyanova Vladislava 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Complementary pathways have been offered as a possible solution for facilitating legal admission of people in need of international protection. The current debates about these pathways are characterised by a conceptual and legal quagmire since various issues are invoked and conflated. The objective of this article is to dissect the relevant issues in light of the existing relevant legal frameworks to achieve better clarity. For this purpose, the pathways are compared with resettlement and territorial asylum, to demonstrate their distinctiveness. This possible distinctiveness (i.e., the combination of protection-related and not protection-related considerations) disrupts the existing legal categories for regulating migration. The article shows how the European Convention on Human Rights, EU law and domestic law might respond to this disruption, by examining the granting of visas, the right to leave any country, the right to non-refoulement, the right to family life and relevant procedural rights.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas and Transboundary Waters: An Examination of Bilateral Management of the Salish Sea
Authors: Damato Nikol 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Salish Sea experiences substantial vessel traffic and is vulnerable to impacts from vessel-source pollution. In response to anticipated increases in vessel traffic and risk of oil spills, the non-profit organization Friends of the San Juans advocated for the United States and Canada to adopt a transboundary Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) through the Interna-tional Maritime Organization. However, neither State ultimately supported a PSSA proposal. This article examines the unsuccessful PSSA proposal for the Salish Sea within the broader context of the PSSA mechanism to under-stand the limitations of PSSAs and provide insight into why and how PSSA designations have changed over time. Here, the Salish Sea case presents an opportunity to examine the factors that States weigh when deciding whether to propose a PSSA, and how these factors relate to potential limita-tions of the PSSA mechanism. States with a history of transnational cooper-ation, such as the United States and Canada, may be more averse to using a PSSA mechanism when more familiar and trusted systems for bilateral co-operation exist. In this way, States may rely on existing institutions, prece-dents, and agreements for transboundary collaboration between one an-other and with indigenous communities impacted by an environmental issue.
China’s Battle against Marine Plastic Pollution at the Local Level: A Case Study of Sanya City, Hainan Province
Authors: Fang Mandy Meng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the face of a rapidly unfolding marine plastic pollution crisis, China, the world’s largest plastic producer and consumer, has been thrust to the fore-front to regulate the growing plastic problem in stewardship of ecosystems. While a growing body of literature discusses China’s central-level efforts in addressing marine plastic pollution, a thorough overview of actions at the local level remains scant. This article uses Sanya City in Hainan Province as a case study to assess the local government’s capacity to formulate and implement environmental policies in achieving nationally set environmen-tal goals. Designated as a pilot for a ‘Zero Waste City’ and a ‘Model City’ for ecological civilization, Sanya has crafted regulatory approaches and en-forcement mechanisms to strengthen the governance of marine plastic pol-lution. A critique of the effectiveness and weaknesses of Sanya’s regulatory regime holds important implications for local-level environmental govern-ance of marine plastic pollution in China and many other parts of the world.
Harnessing Offshore Wind in Canada: The Regulatory Landscape for Offshore Wind Development and Lessons Learned from the United Kingdom, Denmark, and the United States
Authors: Robertson Leah M. , Dorreen Matthew J. , Raza Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Offshore wind is a key renewable energy source which can lessen depend-ency on fossil fuels and help meet global decarbonization targets. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, and recently the United States of America, have success in operationalizing offshore wind developments. Canada, despite vast ocean resources, does not have any offshore wind projects. One reason for this can be attributed to the lack of policies to sup-port development of offshore wind projects. To date, there has been no research conducted on the legal regime for developing an offshore wind energy project in Canada. This research focuses on identifying which ear-ly-stage permits are required for offshore wind development federally and provincially, utilizing Nova Scotia as a provincial example. This article iden-tifies the relevant Canadian legislation, regulations, and decision-makers as well as makes suggestions to improve Canada’s regime. To identify regula-tory improvements that Canada could utilize, the regimes of the UK, Den-mark, and the USA are examined with a focus on their initial permit pro-cess. The proposed policy improvements relate to matters of environmental and impact assessments, seabed acquisition and licensing, as well as the administrative processes for granting required permits and consents.
Under the Arctic Ice: Climate Futurism, Inuit Sovereignty, and Deep Seabed Mining in the Just Transition
Authors: Connolly Charlotte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Indigenous peoples of the Circumpolar North were the first to experi-ence the impacts of climate change, where the pace and scale of change has posed an existential threat to their way of life. For developed nations, the recession and thinning of the sea ice has increased the prospect of re-source exploitation, in turn igniting questions about sovereignty over the Arctic Ocean and its seabed. This article examines the implications of the extended continental shelf claims of the Arctic coastal States for the future governance of the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) and Inuit sovereignty. Part I advances a theoretical approach to the topic of deep seabed mining through the lens of climate futurism. Part II provides a critique of the Unit-ed Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, followed by a look at the re-gional governance of the CAO and the role of Inuit in circumpolar politics. Part III considers the prevailing regimes for deep seabed mining within and beyond national jurisdictions and their potential application to the CAO. Part IV concludes by evaluating potential arrangements for the governance of deep seabed mining in the Arctic, including a regional treaty or a poly-centric approach composed of specialized regimes.
Environmental Policy Frameworks for Ports: In Search of a Gold Standard
Authors: Doelle Meinhard , Johansson Tafsir , Pastra Aspasia , Baskin Andrew 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ports play a vital role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and a broad range of other tranportation-related environmental impacts. This article examines the critical elements of an effective environmental policy frame-work for ports that could be considered a “gold standard.” An exploratory analysis is conducted by delving into the academic literature and analyzing existing international and regional policy frameworks for ports. Fifteen in-terviews with subject-matter experts were conducted to identify sustaina-bility initiatives of two case study ports: Rotterdam and Long Beach. The article extends a previously developed framework for ports developed by Christodoulou et al., which identifies the following spheres of influence: the ports themselves, the role of ports in supporting shipping and inland transportation, and the geographical area surrounding the port. The current study extends the framework from its initial focus on GHG emission reduc-tion-related initiatives to other environmental sustainability initiatives un-dertaken by ports. It is clear that a “gold standard” requires a proactive and participatory approach to sustainability initiatives for the power itself and effective processes for collaboration with the shipping sector, inland trans-portation, and the geographic area surrounding ports to enable the port to be a constructive partner in all its spheres of influence and for the frame-work to evolve over time to continue to improve on an ongoing basis.
Does Task-Irrelevant Brightness Modulation Affect Auditory Contrast Processing? Exploring the Interplay Between Temporal Synchrony and Stimulus Salience
Authors: Chow Hiu Mei , Briggs Danielle , Ciaramitaro Vivian M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Stimulus factors such as timing, spatial location, and stimulus effectiveness affect whether and how information across the senses is integrated. Extending recent work highlighting interactions between stimulus factors, here we investigated the influence of visual information on auditory processing, complementing previous studies on the influence of auditory information on visual processing. We hypothesized that task-irrelevant and spatially non-informative visual information would enhance auditory contrast processing, when visual information was at an optimal salience level and changed synchronously with the sound. We asked human observers to indicate the location of an amplitude-modulated white-noise sound, while its loudness against a constant white-noise background varied across trials. To test for the influence of task-irrelevant visual information, we modulated screen brightness smoothly (Experiment 1) or transiently (Experiment 2) in phase or out of phase with the amplitude modulation of the target sound. In addition, to test for the interaction between temporal synchrony and stimulus salience, maximum brightness varied systematically across trials. Auditory contrast thresholds were compared across conditions. Results showed that task-irrelevant visual information did not alter auditory contrast thresholds regardless of the nature of modulation of brightness, contrary to our expectations. Nonetheless, task-irrelevant visual information modulated in phase with the target sound reduced auditory contrast thresholds if we accounted for individual differences in the optimal salience required for the largest multisensory effects. Our results are discussed in light of several stimulus factors that might be critical in modulating multisensory enhancement.
Facilitation of Student Questioning in the Malaysian Secondary Science Classroom Using the Investigable Questioning Formulation Technique (IQFT) Protocol
Authors: Dah Norsyazwani Muhamad , Mat Noor Mohd Syafiq Aiman , Kamarudin Muhammad Zulfadhli , Ibrahim Mohd Mokhzani 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study developed the Investigable Questioning Formulation Technique (IQFT) protocol to formulate investigable questions by following the procedures of design-based research. As guiding heuristics, the protocol used two provisional design principles based on teaching experience and previous studies that have applied tools for formulating questions, notably, the question formulation technique, SMART goals, and a typology of investigable and non-investigable questions. Two cycles comprising six lesson interventions were completed with two groups (n = 23, n = 25) of students in the same school in Malaysia. Questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and a question typology framework. Findings show the majority of students formulated comparison, exploratory, and validation of mental model questions. Some questions were posed in the prediction, descriptive, and problem-solving categories, but none were categorized as cause and effect, design and make, or pattern seeking. Implications for use of the IQFT protocol to help facilitate Malaysian students’ generation of investigable questions, design experiments, and implement open inquiry are discussed.
Emerging Trends in Addressing Climate Change through Litigation in Tanzania
Authors: Majamba Hamudi Ismail 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Climate change litigation (climate litigation) has increased worldwide partly due to governments enacting laws to comply with global climate change agreements, as well as courts playing a pivotal role in developing related precedents. By analysing Tanzania’s climate litigation in the context of worldwide trends, one may observe that the courts have addressed critical aspects of climate litigation, although their doing so has not been fully acknowledged in some of the contemporary literature. Also, unlike in other jurisdictions, the courts in Tanzania have not referred to numerous instructive precedents. This shortcoming may be attributed partly to the lack of a comprehensive climate change law, the legal impediments to instituting public interest litigation, and a general lack of enthusiasm for researching and probing current court precedents on the part of counsel and the judiciary. This commentary advocates enacting comprehensive climate change legislation and enhancing the capacity of civil society, non-governmental organizations, the Bar, and the judiciary to engage with contemporary developments in climate change impacts and related litigation.
A Psycholinguistic Analysis of Speech Errors in Kiswahili
Authors: Malangwa Pendo S. , Mukandabvute Aaron A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to the lack of cohesive data in linguistics revealing how the human brain functions, researchers make use of various disciplines including biology, neuroscience and psycholinguistics to investigate the relationship between language and the brain. Within the purview of psycholinguistics, this study presupposes optimality theory and Levelt’s theory of speech production, in order to analyse speech errors committed by non-brain damaged speakers of Kiswahili. These are mistakes made inadvertently during episodes of normal speech articulation. Speech errors are a natural and universal phenomenon across all human languages. Alongside the conventions constituting language games, speech errors can provide insightful evidence of intricate processes in the mental lexicon essential to speech production generally. It is noteworthy that the bulk of speech errors analysed in this study were premature cut-offs, since the speakers corrected their speech after their errors.
An Improved Coupled Data Assimilation System with a CGCM Using Multi-Time-Scale High-Efficiency EnOI-Like Filtering
Authors: Lu Lv , Zhang Shaoqing , Jiang Yingjing , Yu Xiaolin , Li Mingkui , Chen Yuhu , Chang Ping , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Liu Zhengyu , Zhu Chenyu , Lin Xiaopei , Wu Lixin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Coupled data assimilation (CDA), which combines coupled models and observations from multiple Earth system domains, plays a critical role in climate studies by producing a four-dimensional estimation of Earth system states. Traditional ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) CDA algorithms, while convenient to implement in multiple DA components in a coupled system, are, however, expensive and lack sufficient representativeness for low-frequency background flows. Here, a multi-time-scale high-efficiency approximate filter with ensemble optimal interpolation (MSHea-EnOI) scheme has been implemented with a global fully coupled model. It consists of stationary, low-frequency, and high-frequency filters constructed from the time series of a single-model solution with improved representativeness for low-frequency background error statistics and enhanced computational efficiency. The MSHea-EnOI is evaluated in a biased twin experiment framework with synthetic “observations” produced by another coupled model, and a three-decade coupled reanalysis experiment with real observations. Results show that with increased representativeness on multiscale background flows, while computationally costing only a small fraction of ensemble-based CDA, the MSHea-EnOI shows the potential to improve CDA quality with synthetic observations. The coupled reanalysis experiment with real observations also shows reasonable fittings to observations and comparable results to other reanalysis products using different DA schemes. While reconstructing a close-to-rapid Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, the coupled reanalysis reproduces most of the atmosphere and ocean reanalysis signals such as the Hadley circulation and upper ocean heat content. The MSHea-EnOI could have good application potential in ensemble-based DA systems in terms of its multiscale property and computational efficiency.