bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Robust Hybrid Machine Learning-Based Modeling Technique for Wind Power Production Estimates
Authors: Banerjee Amit , Abu-Mahfouz Issam , Tian Jianyan , Rahman A. H. M. Esfakur 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The need to accurately estimate wind power is essential to the design and deployment of individual wind turbines and wind farms. The estimation problem is framed as wind power curve modeling. Lately, machine learning techniques have been used to model power curves and provide power estimates. Such models rely on the fact that all outliers are removed from the raw wind data before they are used in modeling and estimation since outliers can adversely affect performance. However, generating outlier-free data is not always possible. Robust models and robust objective functions can be two effective ways to obtain accurate power curves in the presence of outliers. In this paper, a robust density-based clustering technique (DBSCAN) to first identify outliers in the dataset is proposed, followed by artificial neural network (ANN) models that are trained using the outlier-free data to obtain accurate power curve estimates. ANNs are trained using a range of optimization methods and are compared in this study. Preliminary results show the proposed method is superior to probabilistic models that use error-functions to generate accurate power curves and that the proposed hybrid model can generate more accurate power output estimations in the presence of outliers compared to deterministic models such as integrated curve fitting models that are known to be robust.
Heterogeneous Beam Element Based on Timoshenko Beam Model
Authors: Chiu Rong , Yu Wenbin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Traditional multiscale methods homogenize a beam-like structure into a material point in 1-D continuum with effective properties computed over a structure gene in terms of a cross-section or a 3D segment with spanwise periodicity. Such methods lose accuracy when dealing with real world beam-like structures usually not uniform or periodic along the spanwise direction. Thus, traditional multiscale methods cannot be rigorously applied to these cases. In our previous work, a new multiscale method was proposed based on a novel application of the recently developed Mechanics of Structure Genome (MSG) to analyze beam-like structures. Beam-like structures were homogenized into a series of 3-node Heterogeneous Beam Elements (HBE) with 18 × 18 effective beam element stiffness matrices, which were used as input for one-dimensional beam analyses. However, due to the shape function limitations, HBE could not handle transverse shear loads. In this work, the shape functions and the MSG theory are further modified to enable capabilities of HBE for transverse shear loads. Using the macroscopic behavior of the beam elements as input, dehomogenization can be performed to predict the local stresses and strains in the original structure. Two examples are used (a periodic composite beam and a tapered beam) to demonstrate the capability of this improved HBE.
Artificial Neural Network for Automatic Prediction of the Surface Finishing via Classification of the Surface Texture
Authors: Alqahtani Hassan , Ray Asok 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, the effects of the machining type on the notch of a specimen, made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy, have been investigated. The CNC machining and waterjet cutting are used to machine specimens for in fatigue testing. The surface texture characterization, resulting from machining, is examined by using an optical metrology device (Alicona). The tested surface texture is characterized by the average height, Ra, over a small selected range of data. The effect of the stress concentration was studied by designing the surface texture using a computer-aided design (CAD) tool. It is observed that the waterjet cutting produces very rough surfaces, hence increasing the fatigue stress concentration. In addition, this study presents an automated prediction for the machining type using the tools of artificial intelligence (AI), where a neural network (NN) is applied to predict the machining type, which is based on the extracted surface textures, derived from the measurement data. The classification methodology, which uses a NN model, has been built based on the concept of pattern recognition. Results of this study show that the NN model is capable of successfully predicting the type of surface roughness with (up to) 90% accuracy.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Nanocomposites With Antibacterial Nanoparticles
Authors: Billings Christopher , Kim Peter , Cai Changjie , Liu Yingtao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper will present the advanced manufacturing of a novel nanocomposite utilizing digital light processing (DLP) based 3D printing technology. The novel nanocomposite will be manufactured from a photocurable resin and zinc oxide in the 10–30 nm range with varying volume fraction ratios. Weight concentrations of 1–5% will be analyzed concerning tensile strength, water contact angle, and dispersion. In addition, samples will be examined through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to demonstrate the lack of particle aggregation and voids within the part. The nanocomposites produced demonstrated a significant strength increase at 5% concentrations and an increase in water contact angle. An ultimate tensile strength of 39.51 Mpa was achieved on average compared to the neat resin control value of 31.63 Mpa. In addition, SEM analysis illustrated a properly dispersed nanoparticle with low amounts of agglomeration. The utilization of zinc oxide (ZnO) as a mechanical additive in DLP manufacturing demonstrated a novel method for increasing part strength with functional nanoparticles. Due to the design freedom gained with additive manufacturing, nanocomposites produced promise a greater strength-to-weight ratio than those manufactured through traditional methods.
Comparison of Ballistic Impact Simulations Using Different Constitutive Material Models of Concrete
Authors: Duncan Chris , Perkins Richard Allen , Johnson Daniel , Chandler Mei , Moser Robert , Sherburn Jesse , Hammi Youssef 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Concrete is a widely implemented material in simulation codes and understanding its response in different loading scenarios is of interest to researchers. Notably, concrete is an extremely versatile material for many different types of applications due to its ability to withstand high compressive loading conditions at an affordable cost. For this reason, it is of a strong interest to many researchers. Specifically, understanding the response of the concrete materials in ballistic loading conditions is of importance for scenarios such as military and defense applications. Furthermore, computational models have been developed to simulate the response of contentious materials in these loading conditions. In our study, a computational finite element analysis is conducted to evaluate the response of the high strength concrete denoted as BBR9. The mechanical response of this concrete is captured using two constitutive material models denoted as the Concrete Damage and Plasticity Model 2 (CDPM2) and the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) concrete model. In this study, the material parameters of these concrete models are calibrated using existing experimental data found in literature. Specifically, confined triaxial compression and uniaxial compressive experiments (for multiple strain rates) are used to determine the parameters which are implemented to define the response of the BBR9 concrete for each material model. These calibrated material models are implemented to conduct finite element simulations to capture the ballistic impact response of the BBR9 concrete. The finite element simulations are conducted using impact velocities ranging from 300m/s to 1300m/s to present a wide ranged assessment of the energy transfer between the projectile and the BBR9 concrete targets due to the impact. Additionally, for our study a BBR9 target thickness of 25.4mm and a simple spherical projectile is considered. A numerical assessment of the material models is presented by comparing the impact velocity against the residual velocity for each simulation point considered in this study. These results present an assessment of the concrete models and also provides a conceptual validation of their responses. The material models are also qualitatively compared through crater and scabbing diameter results of the targets. The CDPM2 model presents scabbing on the front and rear surfaces of the concrete target, while the HJC model shows cratering of the impact site. Additional experimental studies are warranted to assess the response of this concrete under ballistic loads. Further, future experimental studies can be used to validate these finite element constitutive material models in the appropriate referent of the ballistic impacts.
Creep-Fatigue Reliability Analysis Integrated With Surrogate Modelling: Application on Industrial Case Studies
Authors: Wang Run-Zi , Suzuki Ken , Miura Hideo , Zhang Xian-Cheng , Tu Shan-Tung 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In pursuit of carbon neutral goal, the service conditions of many industrial structures in aero-engine systems, gas turbines and fire-power equipment are going to be harsher to improve high energy conversion efficiency. In terms of rotating components undergoing start-up, steady service and shut down periods, complicated creep-fatigue interaction causes a primary failure mode that restricts the lifetimes of materials and structures and poses severe challenge in structural integrity. The objective of this study is, therefore, to establish an accurate and efficient creep-fatigue reliability analytical framework from material-level to component-level. The data-driven surrogate modeling was integrated into this framework, facilitating rich insight into high reliable life assessment of industrial applications without a large number of high-fidelity and time-consuming finite element analysis cases. In particular, a novel technical route was proposed for probabilistic creep-fatigue evaluation with considering multi-sources of uncertainty. Herein, the typical component of low-pressure turbine disk was applied to case studies to demonstrate how to perform creep-fatigue reliability assessment by using this technical route in practice.
SMA-Based Haptic Gloves Usage in the Smart Factory Concept: XR Use Case
Authors: Srivastava Rupal , Kuts Vladimir , Souza Gouveia Eber Lawrence , Murray Niall , Devine Declan , O’Connell Eoin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Conceptualization of the Smart Factory started with introducing the Industry 4.0 paradigm and its nine pillars, which it stands. The paradigm itself is automation and robot-centric focused, which means less and less involvement of the humans on the manufacturing shop floor. However, even robots and simulation aspects of the factories are the most crucial aspects; Industry 4.0 still focuses on the Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR and VR input methods for the human operators, making the smooth transition to the Industry 5.0 concept a human-centric. Although VR/AR is still being enabled and widely used in the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) research aspect, the heavy headset is limited in the observation field of view. The input methods, such as headsets, have voice and gesture recognition; however, those are mainly limited by factory noise and cameras pointing to the human hands. These headsets constrain the use of smart wearables to a given boundary inside the factory environment. A Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based haptic glove with discrete data outputs from the kinaesthetic analysis of the hand bending can remove the need for gesture recognition. The paper proposes a modular framework using the SMA-based Haptic Gloves in the Smart Manufacturing environment. These gloves, without additional wearables, can enable interactions with heavy machinery, screens, and all other assets of the industrial area, even with holographic. In this paper, the authors aim to prose the context, design, and framework with the chosen use-cases mainly based on the robotic system applications in the Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest (TUS: MMW), Ireland, and Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Estonia.
Wearable and Stretchable Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Device Based on Thin Film of ZnO
Authors: Voiculescu Ioana , Fang Shuo , Li Fang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This conference paper presents a stretchable piezoelectric power generator device for energy harvesting. The power generator was fabricated from zinc oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric thin film, gold (Au) electrodes for power harvesting and polymer material as substrate. The microfabricated power generator has the thickness in the micrometer scale to be attached on the skin or garments and stretched by the natural movements of arms, legs or neck. The novelty of this research is to use a uniform film of ZnO deposited at low temperature on a large substrate area on the order of centimeter scale. The challenge of this research is to fabricate the ZnO film on a polymeric substrate without a significant reduction of piezoelectric performance. The usual deposition temperature for ZnO is around 400 °C even though higher deposition temperatures produces ZnO of higher crystalline quality. We used an innovative way to directly deposit ZnO on the polymer substrate below 150 °C. This power generator demonstrated a maximum power output of 200 μW. This is the first attempt to use a uniform film of ZnO for energy harvesting. We expect that energy harvested by this device will be able to power wearable sensors.
Modeling Effects of Occupants’ Time-Off Behavior in Buildings on Load Calculation and Energy Modeling
Authors: Pedarla Lakshmi Prasanna , Khazaii Javad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The number of people living and working in a building is one of the key inputs to the load calculation and energy modeling software for buildings HVAC system design. The number of occupants in a building not only has a considerable effect on the internal load/ energy consumption of the building, but also directly affects the required building quantity of outdoor air. Load associated to the number of occupants and quantity of required outdoor air for these people contributes close to one-third of the total load/ energy consumption of a building [1]. In addition, number of the occupants will affect the associated equipment load/ consumed energy by the people as well. HVAC engineers select the number of the people living and working in the buildings based on the design architect’s intention, type of application, and the engineering standards and guidelines recommendations. Design engineers based on the recommendations of these guidelines, and their own experience/judgement and architect input, set the design value for the number of occupants in the calculating software. As the result of design engineer assumption/ judgement which generally tends to give some diversity allowance for the design number of occupants, the load and energy consumption of the buildings will be reduced uniformly throughout the year depending how much allowance each engineer assumes. In this research authors will use agent-based modeling simulation to model occupants’ behavior when selecting their time on-off hours throughout the year. Using this modeling helps the researchers to evaluate if it is possible to justify engineers’ judgement for uniformly reduction of the number of people and their associated equipment when performing load calculation and energy modeling. The model will also contribute to developing a better occupant scheduling when running load calculation/ energy modeling programs.
Development of Phase-Change Materials with Improved Thermal Properties for Space-Related Applications
Authors: Adegbaye Patrick , Pei Yong , Kabir Mehdi , Sandja Tchamba Herve Cabrel , Yang Bao , Xu Jiajun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For spacecraft thermal management systems, it is crucial to diminish the overall mass of onboard thermal storage system and minimize the temperature fluctuations when the environmental temperature changes drastically. Since there is no atmosphere in outer space, heat can only be rejected to space using radiation (e.g., radiators). The heat sink conditions, and the heating power subjected to be rejected vary continuously at the orbiting stage of the spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is required to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. Possessing a large latent heat of fusion, PCMs can store an enormous amount of thermal energy within a small volume, which makes them ideal for spacecraft thermal management systems. The heating power required to be rejected as well as the heat sink conditions vary steadily at the orbiting stage of spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is needed to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. By engaging and integrating phase-change materials (PCMs) into a passive two-phase heat exchanger, the radiator can be designed and sized for the average rather than the maximum power.
This study aims to develop phase-change materials (PCMs) using nanostructured graphitic foams to enhance thermal conductivity of PCMs for improved thermal response in thermal storage applications. In the present study, the correlation of additive’s mass concentration and particle size on the thermal properties of PCM mixtures are investigated experimentally and numerically. Introduction of conductivity enhancing additives into the base PCMs will negatively affect the latent heat of fusion while improving thermal conductivity. Analytical and experimental results for latent heat of fusion are shown to be in good agreement, indicating that as mass concentration of graphitic foam (i.e., C-Foam) increases, the latent heat of PCM decreases consistently. The simulation results also reveal that a small fraction of porous C-Foam additives can significantly enhance thermal conductivity of the base PCM.
Design and Implementation of Biohybrid Diaphragm Pump to Be Driven by Cardio Myocytes
Authors: Artmann Lucas , Ameres Valentin , Wund Emmy , Lueth Tim C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this report we introduce the design and prototype implementation of a bio hybrid pump driven by cardiac muscle tissue to supply other biological actuators in a larger bio hybrid robotic system sufficiently with nutrition media. Recently introduced bio hybrid pumps are analyzed and compared. On this basis a diaphragm pump design is chosen as physical principal and a functional prototype is designed. The derived requirements regarding the flowrates and long-term stability are verified with mechanical tests of the implemented prototype. The pump itself will consist of a body, an actuating membrane (to carry future muscle cells), a cylindrical spacer block, a returning diaphragm and the retaining ring. During operation the flow direction is implemented by two check valves. Our mechanical verification results show a flowrate of 14.2 ml/min with an activation frequency of 1 Hz. For the displacement of the returning diaphragm a required force of 0.58 N is determined. This is well within the capabilities of cardio myocytes which are in the range of 2 to 5 nN/μm2 and therefore could generate 0.63 to 1.57 N given the area of the 40 mm diameter membrane.
Effect of Autoclave Cure Temperature, Pressure, and Time on the Glass Transition Temperature and the Degree of Cure of Epoxy Film Adhesive Joints
Authors: Nassar Sayed A. , Jagatap Shraddha , Hirulkar Nitesh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of autoclave curing variables on the glass transition temperature of and the degree of cure and strength of epoxy film adhesive single lap joints (SLJs) under static tensile shear loading. Studied autoclave variables include the cure temperature, cure pressure, temperature, and pressure ramp rates on the glass transition temperature as well as the cure time duration. Test joints are made of Aluminum substrates that are autoclave-bonded using epoxy film adhesive (AF163-2k). For each variable combination of the autoclave process, the corresponding glass transition temperature of cured Epoxy film adhesive is obtained using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA-Q800). Test data are generated for both baseline joints [uncycled] as well as for joints that have been heat-cycled in an environmental chamber after initial autoclave bonding. Results show a strong correlation between the autoclave process variable combinations and the corresponding glass transition temperature bond strength, and the failure mode of test joints.
Combustion and Vaporization of Deformable Fuel Droplets Using Direct Numerical Simulation
Authors: Setiya Meha , Palmore John A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on the effects on evaporation and combustion of a single component jet fuel surrogate. Due to an imbalance in the surface tension and aerodynamic forces, the large droplets have a tendency to deform. The effect of the shape change of a droplet on its combustion is studied at a moderate Reynolds number by varying the Weber number. A simplified chemical reaction mechanism for hydrocarbons is used for the combustion of the droplet. Through this study, the effect of different Weber numbers is investigated on the total evaporation rate, further on droplet combustion, and the flame shape. The results of this study show an increase of 2% increase in total evaporation rate (m) for higher Weber number We = 12 as compared to low Weber number (We = 1) case. Though, the increase in m is small, the results show a net positive effect of Weber number on the total evaporation. In terms of combustion, the combustion process stays unaffected by the droplet shape as the mass burning rate is nearly the same for low as well as high Weber number. The potential reasoning could be that the interaction between the flow and geometry of droplet in two dimensions (2-D) is insufficient to explain the physics. Moreover, it is possible that the reaction rate which is faster in nature is dominating over the evaporation rate. Such observations require more detailed work in three dimensions (3-D) for future.
Evaluation of Weld Quality Through Non-Destructive Testing and Weld Property Analysis of Friction Stir Welded AA2014 Under Submerged Condition
Authors: Velukkudi Santhanam Senthil Kumar , Selvaraju Harinivas , Augustine Michael Duke Mystica 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aluminum Alloy2014 is one of the strongest aluminum alloys and is a copper-based alloy that has a high strength-to-weight ratio. Poor corrosion resistance, porosity, cracking, and element loss makes the alloy difficult to weld in gas and arc welding techniques. To overcome these difficulties, the most suitable method for joining aluminum alloy2014 is Friction Stir Welding. Due to its high strength, aluminum alloy2014 is joined using Friction Stir Welding in aerospace industries in fuel tanks of spaceships and other automotive industries in making complex shapes. In the current study, aluminum alloy2014 alloy is friction stir welded under submerged conditions employing graphene nanofluid. The welding was carried out under the optimized process parameter of tool rotational speed 1200 rpm and a transverse speed of 72 mm/min. A hardened square pin tool of length 5.5 mm and diameter of 4 mm is used for joining the aluminum alloy2014. The graphene nanofluid is developed using the two-step method constituting water as the base fluid. Water is suspended with 0.5 wt% of graphene nanoparticles. In this investigation, Radiography analysis, surface roughness, microhardness, tensile behavior and Facture analysis under two different conditions, normal welding and submerged welding was determined.