bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and pharmacodynamic efficacy of eculizumab in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (CLASH): A phase 2a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Koopman Inez , Tack Reinier WP , Wunderink Herman F , Bruns Anke HW , van der Schaaf Irene C , Cianci Daniela , Gelderman Kyra A , van de Ridder Inge M , Hol Elly M , Rinkel Gabriel JE , Vergouwen Mervyn DI 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Complement C5 antibodies reduce brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients and methods: In this randomized, controlled, open-label, phase 2a clinical trial with blinded-outcome assessment, we included adult aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients admitted to a tertiary referral center ⩽11 h after ictus. Patients were randomized (1:1) to eculizumab plus care as usual or to care as usual. Eculizumab (1200 mg) was administered <12 h, and on days 3 and 7 after ictus. In the intervention group, all patients received prophylactic antibiotics and, after a protocol amendment, fluconazole if indicated. Primary outcome was C5a concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on day 3 after ictus. Safety was monitored during 4 weeks. In each group, 13 patients with CSF assessments were needed to detect a 55% reduction in CSF C5a concentration. Results: From October 2018 to May 2021, we enrolled 31 patients of whom 26 with CSF samples, 13 per group. Median C5a concentration in CSF on day 3 was 251 pg/ml [IQR: 103–402] in the intervention group and 371 pg/ml [IQR: 131–534] in the control group ( p = 0.29). Infections occurred in two patients in the intervention group and four patients in the control group. One patient in the intervention group developed a C. albicans meningitis prior to the protocol amendment. Discussion and conclusion: One dose of eculizumab did not result in a ⩾ 55% decrease in C5a concentration in CSF on day 3 after aSAH. The study did not reveal new safety concerns, except for a C. albicans drain-related infection prior to antifungal monitoring and treatment. Trial registration: EudraCT 2017-004307-51, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/
Republication of “Online Patient Resources for Ankle Instability: An Objective Analysis of Available Materials”
Authors: Abousayed Mostafa M. , Tartaglion Jason P. , Zonshayn Samuel , Rai Navdeep , Johnson Christopher K. , Rosenbaum Andrew J. 
Published: August 2023

Background: The Internet has drastically changed how patients access health-related information. There are several ways the public can access online health-related information such as search engines, blogs, support groups, and webinars. A recent study found that 45% of orthopedic patients searched for information online regarding their injury. Also, 78% believed they had better understanding of their condition after visiting these websites; furthermore, 41% felt the Internet supplied them with questions and concerns to discuss with their physicians. The aim of our study is to evaluate the accuracy, quality, and readability of online available information using the search terms “ankle sprain” and “ankle instability.” Methods: Three search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo) were used to search for the terms “ankle sprain” and “ankle instability.” The first 25 websites from each search were collected. Each website was assessed for quality, accuracy, and readability by 3 orthopedic residents blinded to the search term used. Websites were also evaluated for commercial bias and whether written by physicians or not. Results: Twenty sites were identified using Google, 14 using Bing, and 3 using Yahoo while the remaining 19 appeared in multiple search engines. Sixty-nine percent of the websites (39/56) were written by physicians whereas only 21% (12/56) were associated with commercial bias. The mean quality and accuracy of the websites written above a seventh-grade level was statistically significantly higher than those at or below a seventh-grade level ( P = .01). The mean accuracy of websites written by physicians was not statistically different from those not written by physicians ( P = .055). Conclusion: The current study highlights the poor quality and accuracy of online information related to ankle sprains, especially those with commercial bias. Furthermore, although websites written by or under supervision of physicians were found to be of superior quality, a majority of sites were found to have an unacceptably high reading level. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Evaluation of the Autof ms1000 mass spectrometry for rapid clinical identification of filamentous fungi
Authors: Ao Keping , Li Xiaohan , Zhang Weili , Chen Zhixing , Liu Ya , Shu Ling , Xiao Yuling , Wu Siying , Xie Yi , Kang Mei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized microbial identification. However, there is a lack of data on its performance in identifying filamentous fungi. The objective of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Autof ms1000 mass spectrometry for identifying filamentous fungi in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Results
Among 106 samples tested using the Autof ms1000 system, 101 (95.28%) were identified at the genus or species level, and 81 (76.41%) were accurately identified at the species level. Additionally, we developed a new rapid formic acid extraction method with simple pretreatment for filamentous fungi that saved time and provided accurate results.

Conclusions
The Autof ms1000 mass spectrometer proved to be a valuable tool for identifying filamentous fungi. However, upgrading the database is recommended for correctly identifying rare strains.
Application of the multiple dependent state sampling strategy to late adolescent suicide rates
Authors: Kolli Nagasaritha , Rosaiah Kanaparthi , Rao Gadde Srinivasa , Kirigiti Peter Josephat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA multiple dependent state sampling plan (MDSSP) is designed when the lifetimes of the variables follow New Lomax Rayleigh Distribution (NLRD). The decision to accept or reject a lot in the proposed methodology is based on the quality of the given present or previous lots. A binomial model-based operating characteristic curve (OC curve) for continuous lots of variables under similar settings in healthcare is used in finding the probability of acceptance, acceptance number, rejection number, and the number of preceding (succeeding) lots to consider. Time truncated life test based on the specified median of the NLRD is used in designing the current acceptance sampling plan. For specified values of the parameters of NLRD, quantile ratios, consumer’s risk and producer’s risk, average sampling number (ASN) and probability of acceptance of a lot are reported in tables. Real data on worldwide suicide rates of 15–19 years in the year 2019 from the World Health Organization (WHO) website is considered to illustrate this methodology. The minimum sample size required from the selected data to comment on worldwide suicide rates in late adolescents is explained with MDSSP. The results of the proposed acceptance sampling method are compared with the single-stage sampling plan.
Fatigue in patients with inflammatory bowel disease—strongly influenced by depression and not identifiable through laboratory testing: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Uhlir Victoria , Stallmach Andreas , Grunert Philip Christian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Fatigue is a debilitating and highly relevant symptom in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, awareness of fatigue and treatment options remains limited. This study was aimed at elucidating the influence of disease activity and common complications (pain, anemia, depression, anxiety and quality of life) on fatigue in patients with IBD to identify potential interventional targets for treating physicians.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey including five questionnaires (HADS, Fatigue Assessment Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire, IBDQ and general well-being) was performed on patients with IBD (n = 250) at a university IBD clinic. Additionally, demographic data, laboratory data, IBD history, treatment and current disease activity (Harvey-Bradshaw Index, partial Mayo Score, calprotectin and CRP) were recorded.

Results
A total of 189 patients were analyzed (59.8% with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 40.2% with ulcerative colitis (UC)). A total of 51.3% were fatigued, and 12.2% were extremely fatigued. Multiple factors showed significant correlations in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that fatigue was correlated with depression (CD, p = 0.002; UC, p = 0.02), diminished quality of life (CD, p = 0.015), female sex (CD, p = 0.015) and younger age (UC, p = 0.024), whereas the influence of anemia or disease activity was non-significant.

Conclusions
Fatigue is burdensome and highly prevalent in patients with active and inactive IBD. Considerations for fatigue treatment, beyond targeting inflammation and anemia, should include investigation of underlying sub-clinical depression.
Neuroimaging and machine learning for studying the pathways from mild cognitive impairment to alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Maryam , Christie Gregory J. , Cosco Theodore D. , Arab Ali , Mansouri Mehrdad , Wagner Kevin R. , DiPaola Steve , Moreno Sylvain 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
This systematic review synthesizes the most recent neuroimaging procedures and machine learning approaches for the prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease dementia.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) systematic review guidelines.

Results
Our search returned 2572 articles, 56 of which met the criteria for inclusion in the final selection. The multimodality framework and deep learning techniques showed potential for predicting the conversion of MCI to AD dementia.

Conclusion
Findings of this systematic review identified that the possibility of using neuroimaging data processed by advanced learning algorithms is promising for the prediction of AD progression. We also provided a detailed description of the challenges that researchers are faced along with future research directions. The protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews– CRD42019133402 and published in the Systematic Reviews journal.
Randomized phase II trial of MRI-guided salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer in 4 weeks versus 2 weeks (SHORTER)
Authors: Marciscano Ariel E. , Wolfe Sydney , Zhou Xi Kathy , Barbieri Christopher E. , Formenti Silvia C. , Hu Jim C. , Molina Ana M. , Nanus David M. , Nauseef Jones T. , Scherr Douglas S. , Sternberg Cora N. , Tagawa Scott T. , Nagar Himanshu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Ultra-hypofractionated image-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly used for definitive treatment of localized prostate cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) facilitates improved visualization, real-time tracking of targets and/or organs-at-risk (OAR), and capacity for adaptive planning which may translate to improved targeting and reduced toxicity to surrounding tissues. Given promising results from NRG-GU003 comparing conventional and moderate hypofractionation in the post-operative setting, there is growing interest in exploring ultra-hypofractionated post-operative regimens. It remains unclear whether this can be done safely and whether MRgRT may help mitigate potential toxicity. SHORTER (NCT04422132) is a phase II randomized trial prospectively evaluating whether salvage MRgRT delivered in 5 fractions versus 20 fractions is non-inferior with respect to gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities at 2-years post-treatment.

Methods
A total of 136 patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to salvage MRgRT in 5 fractions or 20 fractions using permuted block randomization. Patients will be stratified according to baseline Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) bowel and urinary domain scores as well as nodal treatment and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients undergoing 5 fractions will receive a total of 32.5 Gy over 2 weeks and patients undergoing 20 fractions will receive a total of 55 Gy over 4 weeks, with or without nodal coverage (25.5 Gy over 2 weeks and 42 Gy over 4 weeks) and ADT as per the investigator’s discretion. The co-primary endpoints are change scores in the bowel and the urinary domains of the EPIC. The change scores will reflect the 2-year score minus the pre-treatment (baseline) score. The secondary endpoints include safety endpoints, including change in GI and GU symptoms at 3, 6, 12 and 60 months from completion of treatment, and efficacy endpoints, including time to progression, prostate cancer specific survival and overall survival.

Discussion
The SHORTER trial is the first randomized phase II trial comparing toxicity of ultra-hypofractionated and hypofractionated MRgRT in the salvage setting. The primary hypothesis is that salvage MRgRT delivered in 5 fractions will not significantly increase GI and GU toxicities when compared to salvage MRgRT delivered in 20 fractions.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04422132. Date of registration: June 9, 2020.
Abnormalities of the Amygdala in schizophrenia: a real world study
Authors: Zheng Guangen , Zhou Yang , Zhou Jieming , Liang Shuting , Li Xiaoling , Xu Caixia , Xie Guojun , Liang Jiaquan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Amygdala plays an important role in schizophrenia (SC), but its mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) signals of the amygdala and cognitive functions, providing references for future research in this area.

Methods
We collected 40 drug-naïve SC patients and 33 healthy controls (HC) from the Third People’s Hospital of Foshan. We used rsMRI and the automatic segmentation tool to extract the structural volume and local neural activity values of the amygdala and conducted Pearson correlation analysis with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scores. Finally, we compared the clinical data, as well as the volume and functional changes of the amygdala in SC patients before and after treatment.

Results
Compared with HC, SC had widespread cognitive impairments, significant abnormalities in left amygdala function, while the reduction in volume of SC was not significant. Further Pearson correlation analysis with Bonferroni correction showed that only Immediate memory (learning) was significantly negatively correlated with fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (FALFF, r = -0.343, p = 0.001, p’ = 0.014 (Bonferroni correction)). When compared and analyzed the data difference of SC before and after treatment, we found that immediate memory and delayed memory of SC showed varying degrees of recovery after treatment (tlearning = -2.641, plearning = 0.011; tstory memory = -3.349, pstory memory = 0.001; tlist recall = -2.071, plist recall = 0.043; tstory recall = -2.424, pstory recall = 0.018). But the brain structure and function did not recover.

Conclusion
There was significant dysfunction in the amygdala in SC, and after conventional treatment, the function of the amygdala did not improve with the improvement of clinical symptoms and cognitive function.
Association between alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among adults: results from a prospective cohort study in Chongqing, China
Authors: Liu Xin , Ding Xianbin , Zhang Fan , Chen Liling , Luo Qinwen , Xiao Meng , Liu Xiang , Wu Yunyun , Tang Wenge , Qiu Jingfu , Tang Xiaojun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The incidence of stroke in China is increasing, along with a clear trend in the prevalence of risk factors. Alcohol consumption is also a risk factor for stroke. Many cohort studies have explored the relationship between alcohol consumption and stroke risk. However, findings have been inconsistent.

Methods
We used cluster sampling to select 13 districts and counties (at the same level) in Chongqing, China. Then, we used stratified random sampling to distribute the number of people in each district and county. 23,308 adults aged 30–79 were recruited between October 2018 and February 2019. Follow-up was conducted through a monitoring system and questionnaires until September 2022. Information on alcohol consumption and other covariates was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Participants were asked to report their weekly frequency of drinking over the past year and weekly intake of various alcoholic beverages in general. The frequency of drinking was divided into three categories: 1–2 d/week, 3–5 d/week, and 6–7 d/week. The average daily alcohol consumption is calculated based on the amount of alcohol contained in different alcoholic beverages. It is classified as nondrinker (0 g/day), light (0 to 12 g/day), moderate (13 to 36 g/day), and high (> 36 g/day). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the association between alcohol consumption and stroke risk. Results are shown as multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
With an average follow-up of 3.80 years, there were 310 new stroke events. The incidence of total stroke was 368.69 per 100,000 person-years. Overall, after adjusting for covariates, moderate alcohol consumption (average daily alcohol consumption 13–36 g/d) was associated with a lower risk of total stroke (HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.25–0.92) compared with nondrinkers. The adjusted HR and 95% CI for total stroke and ischemic stroke for those who drank alcohol 6–7 days per week were 0.60(0.37, 0.96) and 0.53(0.30, 0.94), respectively. The risk of total stroke (HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17–0.89) was reduced in a pattern of drinking 6–7 days per week but with a mean alcohol consumption of less than 36 g/d. There was no significant association between alcohol consumption and hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusion
This study suggests moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of total stroke. And healthy drinking patterns should be of more significant concern.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera in the Democratic Republic of the Congo before and during the implementation of the Multisectoral Cholera Elimination Plan: a cross-sectional study from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Taty Nadège , Bompangue Didier , de Richemond Nancy Meschinet , Muyembe JJ 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) implemented the first strategic Multisectoral Cholera Elimination Plan (MCEP) in 2008–2012. Two subsequent MCEPs have since been implemented covering the periods 2013–2017 and 2018–2021. The current study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera over the recent 22-year period to determine the impact of the MCEPs on cholera epidemics, establish lessons learned and provide an evidence-based foundation to improve the implementation of the next MCEP (2023–2027).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, secondary weekly epidemiological cholera data covering the 2000–2021 period was extracted from the DRC Ministry of Health surveillance databases. The data series was divided into four periods: pre-MCEP 2003–2007 (pre-MCEP), first MCEP (MCEP-1), second MCEP (MCEP-2) and third MCEP (MCEP-3). For each period, we assessed the overall cholera profiles and seasonal patterns. We analyzed the spatial dynamics and identified cholera risk clusters at the province level. We also assessed the evolution of cholera sanctuary zones identified during each period.

Results
During the 2000–2021 period, the DRC recorded 520,024 suspected cases and 12,561 deaths. The endemic provinces remain the most affected with more than 75% of cases, five of the six endemic provinces were identified as risk clusters during each MCEP period (North Kivu, South Kivu, Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami and Haut-Katanga). Several health zones were identified as cholera sanctuary zones during the study period: 14 health zones during MCEP-1, 14 health zones during MCEP-2 and 29 health zones during MCEP-3. Over the course of the study period, seasonal cholera patterns remained constant, with one peak during the dry season and one peak during the rainy season.

Conclusion
Despite the implementation of three MCEPs, the cholera context in the DRC remains largely unchanged since the pre-MCEP period. To better orient cholera elimination activities, the method used to classify priority health zones should be optimized by analyzing epidemiological; water, sanitation and hygiene; socio-economic; environmental and health indicators at the local level. Improvements should also be made regarding the implementation of the MCEP, reporting of funded activities and surveillance of cholera cases. Additional studies should aim to identify specific bottlenecks and gaps in the coordination and strategic efforts of cholera elimination interventions at the local, national and international levels.
Influence of ultrasound machine settings on quantitative measures derived from spatial frequency analysis of muscle tissue
Authors: Crawford Scott K. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Heiderscheit Bryan C. , Bashford Greg R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound is a powerful tool for diagnostic purposes and provides insight into both normal and pathologic tissue structure. Spatial frequency analysis (SFA) methods characterize musculoskeletal tissue organization from ultrasound images. Both sonographers in clinical imaging and researchers may alter a minimized range of ultrasound settings to optimize image quality, and it is important to know how these small adjustments of these settings affect SFA parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of making small adjustments in a typical default ultrasound machine setting on extracted spatial frequency parameters (peak spatial frequency radius (PSFR), Mmax, Mmax%, and Sum) in the biceps femoris muscle.

Methods
Longitudinal B-mode images were collected from the biceps femoris muscle in 36 participants. The window depth, foci locations, and gain were systematically adjusted consistent with clinical imaging procedures for a total of 27 images per participant. Images were analyzed by identifying a region of interest (ROI) in the middle portion of the muscle belly in a template image and using a normalized two-dimensional cross-correlation technique between the template image and subsequent images. The ROI was analyzed in the frequency domain using conventional SFA methods. Separate linear mixed effects models were run for each extracted parameter.

Results
PSFR was affected by modifications in focus location only (p < 0.001) with differences noted between all locations. Mmax% was influenced by the interaction of gain and focus location (p < 0.001) but was also independently affected by increasing window depth (p < 0.001). Both Mmax and Sum parameters were sensitive to small changes in machine settings with the interaction of focus location and window depth (p < 0.001 for both parameters) as well as window depth and gain (p < 0.001 for both) influencing the extracted values.

Conclusions
Frequently adjusted imaging settings influence some SFA statistics. PSFR and Mmax% appear to be most robust to small changes in image settings, making them best suited for comparison across individuals and between studies, which is appealing for the clinical utility of the SFA method.