bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition in the Phaseolus vulgaris-Rhizobium symbiosis and the role of resident soil rhizobia in determining the outcomes of inoculation
Authors: Mwenda George M. , Hill Yvette J. , O’Hara Graham W. , Reeve Wayne G. , Howieson John G. , Terpolilli Jason J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims
Inoculation of legumes with effective N2-fixing rhizobia is a common practice to improve farming profitability and sustainability. To succeed, inoculant rhizobia must overcome competition for nodulation by resident soil rhizobia that fix N2 ineffectively. In Kenya, where Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is inoculated with highly effective Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 from Colombia, response to inoculation is low, possibly due to competition from ineffective resident soil rhizobia. Here, we evaluate the competitiveness of CIAT899 against diverse rhizobia isolated from cultivated Kenyan P. vulgaris.

Methods
The ability of 28 Kenyan P. vulgaris strains to nodulate this host when co-inoculated with CIAT899 was assessed. Rhizosphere competence of a subset of strains and the ability of seed inoculated CIAT899 to nodulate P. vulgaris when sown into soil with pre-existing populations of rhizobia was analyzed.

Results
Competitiveness varied widely, with only 27% of the test strains more competitive than CIAT899 at nodulating P. vulgaris. While competitiveness did not correlate with symbiotic effectiveness, five strains were competitive against CIAT899 and symbiotically effective. In contrast, rhizosphere competence strongly correlated with competitiveness. Soil rhizobia had a position-dependent numerical advantage, outcompeting seed-inoculated CIAT899 for nodulation of P. vulgaris, unless the resident strain was poorly competitive.

Conclusion
Suboptimally effective rhizobia can outcompete CIAT899 for nodulation of P. vulgaris. If these strains are widespread in Kenyan soils, they may largely explain the poor response to inoculation. The five competitive and effective strains characterized here are candidates for inoculant development and may prove better adapted to Kenyan conditions than CIAT899.
Upregulated GPRC5A disrupting the Hippo pathway promotes the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells via the cAMP-CREB axis
Authors: Fang Weidan , Yu Xin , Deng Jun , Yu Bin , Xiong Jianping , Ma Mei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate worldwide, and is predicted to be third leading cause of death in the near future. However, the regulatory mechanisms that inhibit the progression of pancreatic cancer remain elusive. Currently, exploring the function and mechanisms of GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) is an important way to discover promising therapeutic targets for cancer.

Methods
GPRC5A expression was measured using real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot assays. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using CCK-8, clone formation, wound-healing and transwell assays. A cytosolic/nuclear distribution experiment was used to detect the protein location transfer. A xenograft model of pancreatic cancer was established to explore the role of GPRC5A in vivo.

Results
GPRC5A expression was increased in pancreatic cancer, and disruption of GPRC5A expression inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, GPRC5A positively regulated the transcription of YAP1 through cAMP-CREB signaling. Moreover, we show that the proliferation and migration induced by GPRC5A in pancreatic cancer could be rescued by inhibiting YAP1 expression.

Conclusions
GPRC5A interacts with the Hippo pathway to promote the progression of pancreatic cancer. These findings reveal an important crosstalk model and provide potential targets for pancreatic cancer therapy.
The Cultural Battle for the Chilean Model: Intellectual Elites in Times of Politicisation (2010–17)
Authors: Undurraga Tomás , Gárate Chateau Manuel , Joignant Alfredo , Fergnani Mario , Márquez Felipe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Chilean economic model has been widely studied both as a pioneering experiment in neoliberal policies and in regard to the growing social mobilisation against inequalities it has provoked. Insufficient attention has been paid, however, to the role of intellectuals in justifying and criticising the model. This article examines cultural battles over the economic model among the country's main columnists between 2010 and 2017, analysing debates as to the model's virtues and vices, achievements and failures. It shows how debate surrounding the model is highly reactive to current political events, yet occurs in somewhat of an elite bubble, centred on conceptual discussions and daily political events that tend to be dissociated from popular concerns.
Pareto-optimal reinsurance with default risk and solvency regulation
Authors: Boonen Tim J. , Jiang Wenjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper studies a Pareto-optimal reinsurance problem when the contract is subject to default of the reinsurer. We assume that the reinsurer can invest a share of its wealth in a risky asset and default occurs when the reinsurer's end-of-period wealth is insufficient to cover the indemnity. We show that without the solvency regulation, the optimal indemnity function is of excess-of-loss form, regardless of the investment decision. Under the solvency regulation constraint, by assuming the investment decision remains unchanged, the optimal indemnity function is characterized element-wisely. Partial results are derived when both the indemnity function and investment decision are impacted by the solvency regulation. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the implications of our results and the sensitivity of solution to the model parameters.
A critical review of hot executive functioning in youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Methodological limitations, conceptual considerations, and future directions
Authors: Smith Jessica N. , Jusko Morgan L. , Fosco Whitney D. , Musser Erica D. , Raiker Joseph S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHot executive functioning (EF) – EF under emotionally or motivationally salient conditions – is a putative etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), disruptive behavior problems (DBPs), and their related impairments. Despite two decades of research, the present study is the first review of the construct in youth ADHD, with a particular focus on the role of task design, age, and DBPs, as well as relevant conceptual and methodological considerations. While certain hot EF tasks have been investigated extensively (e.g., choice impulsivity), substantial inconsistency in measurement of the broader construct remains, severely limiting conclusions. Future research should a) consider the extent to which various hot EF tasks relate to one another, a higher order factor, and other related constructs; b) further investigate task design, particularly the elicitation of emotion or motivation and its anticipated effect on EF; and c) incorporate multiple levels of analysis to validate similarities and differences among tasks with regard to the affective experiences and cognitive demands they elicit. With improved measurement and conceptual clarity, hot EF has potential to advance the literature on etiological pathways to ADHD, DBPs and associated impairments and, more broadly, may represent a useful tool for understanding the influence of emotion and motivation on cognition.
Diffusion Creep Characteristics of Anorthite Revealed by Uniaxial and Pure Shear Deformation Experiments
Authors: Yabe K. , Koizumi S. , Hiraga T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlagioclase, a major rock‐forming mineral in the Earth's crust, often shows microstructural evidence of ductile deformation in crustal rocks, suggesting that crustal flow is largely controlled by the high‐temperature deformation behavior of this mineral. Here, we present uniaxial and pure shear deformation experiments that reveal various diffusion creep characteristics of anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), a calcium‐rich plagioclase endmember. We synthesized fine‐grained (∼1 μm) anorthite aggregates with different Al/Si ratios (Al/Si = 1 and 0.97) that were either undoped or doped with 1 wt% MgO. We determined that the synthesized samples deformed by interface (reaction)‐controlled and grain‐boundary diffusion creep mechanisms. At similar conditions of stress, temperature, and grain size, strain rates varied by ∼4 orders of magnitude among the samples. A reduction in Al/Si ratio weakens the aggregate by ∼2 orders of magnitude, while doping with MgO, which probably becomes concentrated at grain boundaries, further weakens samples with different Al/Si ratios to the same low strength level. The resulting low viscosity due to MgO is comparable to that of grain‐boundary diffusion creep in anorthite in previous studies. Grain boundary sliding (GBS)‐induced rigid‐body‐like grain rotation was identified by analysis of a marker‐etched sample surface after deformation. Crystallographic preferred orientation and shape preferred orientation developed after the samples were deformed to strains of ≥0.7, which is well explained by preferential GBS along grain boundaries parallel to (010) and also in the [100] direction within the grain‐boundary plane. These important, but previously unknown, characteristics of anorthite diffusion creep originate from the nature of the grain boundaries.
Repeated, Cross‐Cutting, and Spatially Migrating Outflow Channel Formation, Grjótá Valles, Mars
Authors: Brown Jason R. , Roberts Gerald P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCross‐cutting relationships and the incision history for multiple outflow channels have been mapped and studied to establish their relative chronology in Grjótá Valles, Mars, in order to establish whether observed geomorphic channels were formed in a single event or multiple events. The relative chronology can be established by mapping cross‐cutting relationships between channel margins and successive incisions, where later channels incise downward into older channels. We show that the source areas of five distinct channels can be established, with younger channels progressively sourced further to the east along the Grjótá Valles fault system, and incising downwards into older channels. The channels resemble examples interpreted elsewhere as cut using catastrophic aqueous flow processes (diluvial) due to their regional morphology, the presence of streamlined islands surrounded by anabranching channels marked by incisions, recessional terraces and longitudinal erosional grooves; however, turbulent lava flows may have also been involved. Those five distinct flows occur progressively further to the east may indicate the progressive propagation from west to east of the processes at depth that released the fluid responsible for cutting the channels, such as dike propagation and associated seismicity. Our observation of multiple flows and channel formation episodes implies instantaneous volumes of fluid that are smaller than that for a single flow interpretation.
Survival of immediate implants replacing traumatised teeth in the anterior maxilla
Authors: Hirani Murtaza , Moshtofar Zahra , Devine Maria , Paolinelis George , Djemal Serpil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAim The provision of implants following traumatic dental injuries can hold many challenges, primarily in higher aesthetic regions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical outcomes of immediate implants placed in fresh extraction sites in the anterior maxilla following dental trauma.Materials and methods In total, 60 patients requiring teeth replacement with dental implants in the anterior maxilla were included in the study. Following a delayed loading protocol, the implants were restored with definitive single crowns or bridges. Implant and prosthetic survival, complications and periodontal health were recorded during follow-up.Results A total of 70 implants were placed in the anterior maxilla with three failures reported, resulting in an implant survival rate of 95.7% over a follow-up period of three years. No additional bone augmentation was undertaken and prosthetic survival recorded was 100%, with favourable periodontal outcomes achieved overall.Conclusion This study showed that implants immediately inserted into fresh extraction sites following dental trauma can constitute a predictable treatment strategy, presenting high implant survival rates over the follow-up period observed. Further well-designed controlled clinical trials are required to evaluate longer-term outcomes for this technique.
Chemical Diversity of Plant Specialized Metabolites
Authors: De Bratati 
Published: February 2023

The phytochemical constituents of plants fall into two main categories based on their role in basic metabolic processes: primary and secondary. Primary metabolites are involved in basic life functions and are similar in all living cells, whereas secondary metabolites are derived from subsidiary pathways. Although traditionally referred to as secondary metabolites, more recently these compounds have been termed ‘plant specialized metabolites’, as the exact biochemical boundary between primary and secondary metabolites has not been fully established.
Plant specialized metabolites are the main element in the study and use of ‘medicinal’ plants and herbs, as well as in nutrition and food chemistry. In modern medicine, plant specialized metabolites provide many of the lead compounds in the production of medicines targeted at treating a broad variety of diseases. Such metabolites also play an important role in sessile plants: to resist and withstand different biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant specialized metabolites are classified according to their chemical structures and this book will present the different classes in turn, while discussing their sources and distribution in plant families, their biosynthetic pathways, and their important and notable uses in phytochemistry and pharmacology.
Chemical Diversity of Plant Specialized Metabolites will be a useful guide and reference point for chemists and students in many disciplines including synthetic organic chemists, medicinal chemists, plant scientists, pharmacognosists, chemical ecologists, bioengineers, and synthetic biologists, in addition to those working in related fields.
Basic Stellar Physics
Authors: Palmerini S. 
Published: February 2023

Polytropes, Virial theorem, evolutionary time scales, degrees of freedom, radiative transport, molecular weight, degeneracy, Jeans mass, and Eddington luminosity are basic ingredients to describe the physics of stars. In the present paper they will be presented in details as long with their role in the stellar evolution.
PACS. PACS-key stellar evoluion - PACS-key basic physics
Aktueller Stand zu perkutanen lokalablativen Verfahren beim hepatozellulären Karzinom
Authors: Luerken Lukas , Haimerl Michael , Doppler Michael , Uller Wibke , Beyer Lukas Philipp , Stroszczynski Christian , Einspieler Ingo 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) ist das
fünfthäufigste Tumorleiden weltweit. Da viele HCCs bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose
nicht resektabel sind, haben sich in den letzten Jahrzenten perkutane Tumorablationen als
kurativer Therapieansatz für das sehr frühe (BCLC 0) und frühe (BCLC A) HCC etabliert. Ziel
dieser Arbeit ist es, einen kompakten Überblick über die aktuell zur Anwendung kommenden
perkutanen lokalablativen Verfahren zu geben, basierend auf den technischen Besonderheiten
sowie der klinischen Relevanz unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Studienlage.
Methode Die Literaturrecherche umfasste alle über MEDLINE und
PubMed verfügbaren Originalarbeiten, Reviews und Metaanalysen zu den jeweiligen perkutanen
Ablationsverfahren, hierbei wurde vor allem ein Fokus auf randomisiert kontrollierte Studien
und Veröffentlichungen aus den letzten 10 Jahren gelegt.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die Radiofrequenzablation (RFA)
und Mikrowellenablation (MWA) sind etablierte Verfahren, welche aufgrund ihrer starken Evidenz
in internationalen und nationalen Leitlinien bei der Behandlung von HCCs im Stadium BCLC 0 und
A mit einem Diameter bis zu 3 cm der chirurgischen Resektion gleichgestellt sind. Für HCCs mit
einem Diameter zwischen 3 und 5 cm wird in den aktuellen S3-Leitlinien eine Kombination aus
transarterieller Chemoembolisation (TACE) und Thermoablation mittels RFA oder MWA empfohlen,
da bei HCCs dieser Größe die Kombinationstherapie der alleinigen Thermoablation überlegen ist
und mit der chirurgischen Resektion vergleichbare Ergebnisse bezüglich des Gesamtüberlebens
zeigt. Alternative, deutlich seltener eingesetzte thermische Verfahren sind die Kryotherapie
(KT) und die Laserablation (LA). Zu den nicht thermischen Verfahren zählen die irreversible
Elektroporation (IRE), die interstitielle Brachytherapie (IBT) und als neuestes Verfahren die
Elektrochemotherapie (ECT). Aufgrund der noch nicht ausreichenden Evidenz kommen diese bis
dato allerdings nur in Einzelfällen und im Rahmen von Studien zum Einsatz. Die nicht
thermischen Verfahren stellen jedoch eine sinnvolle Alternative für die Ablation von HCCs in
Nachbarschaft zu großen Blutgefäßen und Gallengängen dar, da sie diese Strukturen im Gegensatz
zu den thermischen Ablationsverfahren deutlich weniger schädigen. Durch Fortschritte in der
Technik der jeweiligen Verfahren, zunehmend gute Evidenz sowie Weiterentwicklungen bei
unterstützenden Techniken wie Navigationsgeräten und Fusionsbildgebung könnten die perkutanen
Ablationsverfahren in den kommenden Jahren ihre Indikationsstellung zur Behandlung größerer
und weiter fortgeschrittener HCCs erweitern.
Research on a rotary piezoelectric wind energy harvester with bilateral excitation
Authors: He Lipeng , Zheng Xiaotian , Li Wei , Gu Xiangfeng , Han Yuhang , Cheng Guangming 
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a rotary piezoelectric wind energy harvester with bilateral excitation (B-RPWEH) that improves power generation performance. The power generating unit in the current piezoelectric cantilever wind energy harvester was primarily subjected to a periodic force in a single direction. The B-RPWEH adopted a reasonable bilateral magnet arrangement, thus avoiding the drawbacks of limited piezoelectric cantilever beam deformation and unstable power generation due to unidirectional excitation force. The factors affecting the power generation were theoretically analyzed, and the natural frequency and excitation force of the piezoelectric cantilever have been simulated and analyzed. A comprehensive experimental research method was used to investigate the output performance. The B-RPWEH reaches a maximum output voltage of 20.48 Vpp when the piezoelectric sheet is fixed at an angle of 30°, the Savonius turbine number is 3, and the magnet diameter is 8 mm. By adjusting the fixed angle of the piezoelectric sheet, the number of Savonius wind turbine blades, and the magnet diameter, the maximum voltage is increased by 52.38%, 4.49%, and 245.95%, respectively. The output power is 24.5 mW with an external resistor of 8 kΩ, and the normalized power density is 153.14 × 10−3 mW/mm3, capable of powering light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This structure can drive wireless networks or low-power electronics.
Clathrin coats partially preassemble and subsequently bend during endocytosis
Authors: Mund Markus , Tschanz Aline , Wu Yu-Le , Frey Felix , Mehl Johanna L. , Kaksonen Marko , Avinoam Ori , Schwarz Ulrich S. , Ries Jonas 
Published: February 2023

Eukaryotic cells use clathrin-mediated endocytosis to take up a large range of extracellular cargo. During endocytosis, a clathrin coat forms on the plasma membrane, but it remains controversial when and how it is remodeled into a spherical vesicle.
Here, we use 3D superresolution microscopy to determine the precise geometry of the clathrin coat at large numbers of endocytic sites. Through pseudo-temporal sorting, we determine the average trajectory of clathrin remodeling during endocytosis. We find that clathrin coats assemble first on flat membranes to 50% of the coat area before they become rapidly and continuously bent, and this mechanism is confirmed in three cell lines. We introduce the cooperative curvature model, which is based on positive feedback for curvature generation. It accurately describes the measured shapes and dynamics of the clathrin coat and could represent a general mechanism for clathrin coat remodeling on the plasma membrane.
APMP supplementary international comparison of activity measurement of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in brown rice
Authors: Yunoki Akira , Miura Tsutomu , Sato Yasushi , Lee Pi-Fen , Hult Mikael , Tzika Faidra , Lutter Guillaume , Marissens Gerd , Lee Jong-Man , Lee K B , Nour Svetlana , Rosa Jerome La , Saegusa Jun , Soodprasert Thongchai , Candra Hermawan , Holnisar  , Marsoem Pujadi , Wurdiyanto Gatot , Hamamatsu Shioka , Hachinohe Mayumi 
Published: February 2023

Main text
The supplementary international comparison of activity measurement of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in brown rice (APMP.RI(II)-S3.Cs-134.Cs-137) was carried out within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP). The matrix of the sample was brown rice grain harvested in autumn 2011, after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. No spiking was applied to the sample. Eight institutes reported their measurement results. Averages of the reported results and their associated uncertainties were obtained using the power-moderated mean. This report describes the supplemental comparison reference value, the degree of equivalence of the results, the procedure of the comparison and the sample preparation and measurements by the participants.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering from U3O8 and UN
Authors: Lawrence Bright Eleanor , Xu Lei , Harding Lottie M , Springell Ross , Walters Andrew , Sundermann Martin , Garcia-Fernandez Mirian , Agrestini Stefano , Caciuffo Roberto , van der Laan Gerrit , Lander G H 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) using an incident energy tuned to the uranium N
4,5 absorption edges is reported from epitaxial films of α-U3O8 and UN. Theory shows that for U3O8 the multiplets associated with a 5f
1 configuration with a ground state of 2
F
5/2 and the excited state of 2
F
7/2 are observed. However, the strong transition predicted at a transfer energy of 1.67 eV is not observed. We assume this is a consequence of the intermediate state lifetime broadening due to interaction with continuum states when the transferred energy exceeds the onset of the continuum in the presence of the core hole. This hypothesis is supported by the results obtained for the 5f-itinerant system UN, where no sharp transitions have been observed, although the broad scattering response centered at ∼ 1 eV is considered a signature of a predominantly 5f
3 configuration in this band-like semi-metallic system. These experiments and theory add important information on these materials, both of which have been investigated since the 1960s, as well as whether RIXS at the uranium N edge can become a valuable tool for actinide research.