bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low knowledge of antiretroviral treatments for the prevention of HIV among precarious immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in the greater Paris area: Results from the Makasi project
Authors: Coulibaly Karna , Gosselin Anne , Carillon Severine , Taéron Corinne , Mbiribindi Romain , Desgrées Du Loû Annabel ,   on behalf of the Makasi study group
Published: June 2023

Introduction
In France, combination prevention tools, particularly antiretroviral treatment for HIV prevention has been available for several years. We described the knowledge of these antiretroviral treatments among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, who are particularly affected by HIV, and the factors associated with this knowledge.

Methods
The data come from the Makasi study, which was conducted between 2019 and 2020 among precarious immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa recruited through a community-based outreach approach in the greater Paris area (n = 601). We described levels of knowledge of HIV treatment effectiveness (HTE), treatment as prevention (TasP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), by sex with chi2 test. We investigated factors associated with their knowledge with logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions and sexual behaviors (p≤0.2).

Results
Respondents were mostly men (76%), from West Africa (61%), in precarious situation: 69% were unemployed, 74% were undocumented and 46% had no health coverage. Among this population, knowledge of HIV preventive treatments was heterogeneous. While HTE was well known (84%); TasP was known by only half of the respondents (46%), and PEP and PrEP were hardly known: 6% and 5%, respectively. Multivariate regressions models showed that these antiretroviral treatments for the prevention of HIV was better known by people with a higher level of education (PEP: aOR = 3.33 [1.09–10.20], p = 0.03; HTE: aOR = 4.33 [1.87–10.04], p<0.001), those who had a social network in France (TasP: aOR = 1.90, [1.33–2.73], p<0.001), those who had access to the health system and those who were exposed to sexual risks (TasP: aOR = 3.17, [1.03–9.69], p = 0.04; PrEP: aOR = 2.60 [0.72–9.34], p = 0.14).

Conclusions
There is a need for specific communication on antiretroviral treatment for HIV prevention that targets sub-Saharan immigrants, particularly those who have no access to the health-care system and those who are less educated.
Semi-analytical method for solving stresses in slope under general loading conditions
Authors: Wu Ping , Sun Xuejun , Zhu Dayong Zhu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Assessing the stress distribution within the slope in geotechnical engineering is critical. Despite the widely available numerical methods, no analytical solutions are available for determining the stress distribution within a slope under general loading conditions. This study presents a method of analytically approximating elastic stresses within a slope of arbitrary inclination subject to general surcharges and supporting forces. The prototype model of this problem is equivalent to a superposition of two sub-models: a half-plane body subjected to an initial earth stress field as well as surcharges on the crest (Model I) and a slope loaded by the release stresses caused by excavation, together with supporting forces on its inclined surface and bottom (Model II). The former stresses can be calculated analytically using Flamant’s solution, and the latter stresses can be further thought of as being composed of two additional components: one in an infinite plane with a half-infinite hole loaded by virtual tractions upon hole’s boundary (Model II1), which can be analytically approximated, and the other in a half-plane subjected to virtual tractions along the ground surface (Model II2), which can be calculated analytically as well. The two sets of virtual tractions that lead to stresses in Model II are calculated using an iterative process. The current approach provides analytical approximations of elastic stress solutions for slopes that are sufficiently close to the exact ones as accurate as much. A case study demonstrates that such solutions are in good agreement with those of the finite-element method’s over the entire region, the stresses within the region up to 10−11 times the slope’s height away from the slope toe can also be accurately determined using the current method. With this method, contour plots of stresses within a slope inclined at various angles are presented, which can be applied directly in practical engineering.
Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
Authors: Sun Yan , Meng Fan-Jun , Huang Jun-Xia , Yan Xue-Shen , Zhao Xia , Zhou Jing-Jing , Gao Yan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) rarely leads to pulmonary embolism. Due to its low incidence, the underlying pathophysiology, prognosis, and optimal treatment remain largely unexplored and uninvestigated. In this study, a patient with a double-clonal WM, a rare subtype, presented with pulmonary embolism. The patient had a small number of plasma cells without morphological abnormalities, and an effective therapeutic response was observed. Nonetheless, the clinical prognosis requires a long-term follow-up.
DEM-based analysis of tectonic geomorphologic characteristics and tectonic activity intensity of the Dabanghe River Basin in South China Karst
Authors: Yao Wei , Xiong Kangning , Fan Yunlong , Lyu Xiaoxi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Dabanghe River Basin, in the west of Guizhou Plateau, consists of numerous prominent geological structural features, such as the Shuicheng–Wangmo, Yadu–Ziyun, and Yongningzhen Faults, the Huangguoshu Waterfall, and the Guanjiao Knickpoint. The topographic conditions and structural systems are highly complex, making this a suitable area to study neotectonics. However, research on the geomorphology of the region is lacking. Combined with geomorphic parameters, quantitative exploration of tectonic geomorphic and tectonic activity in the Dabanghe River Basin is of great significance to reveal the formation of the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the development of landforms in western Guizhou, and the regularity of uplift of Guizhou Plateau. Therefore, based on a Digital Elevation Model, GIS software extracted and calculated six geomorphic parameters of the basin: Hypsometric Integral, Asymmetry Factor, Basin Shape Ratio, Stream-Gradient, and Valley Floor Width–Valley Height Ratio (VF) indexes. The tectonic geomorphic characteristics of the Dabanghe River Basin were analyzed, combined with the tectonic activity level classification method, and the Index of Relative Active Tectonics (IAT) of each sub-catchment was calculated. The geomorphic parameters of the basin were found to indicate its geomorphic characteristics well. The tectonic activity in the study area midstream is the most active, and the geomorphic evolution of some upstream and downstream reaches is affected by lithology, topography, and structure. The tectonic geomorphology of the basin is significantly affected by the fault system. Under the control of the Yadu–Ziyun Fault, the tectonic activity in the basin gradually weakens from west to east, and the differential tectonic activity (strong in the mid-reach and eastwards decrease) is consistent with observed seismic intensity. It is confirmed that our research results are consistent with the regional geological background and geomorphic characteristics through field geological survey. Therefore, this study confirms that the use of tectonic geomorphic parameters to classify active tectonics can be an important method to evaluate the stability of the crust in the region and further extends the application of geomorphic parameters in tectonics.
Survival analysis using deep learning with medical imaging
Authors: Morrison Samantha , Gatsonis Constantine , Eloyan Ani , Steingrimsson Jon Arni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There is widespread interest in using deep learning to build prediction models for medical imaging data. These deep learning methods capture the local structure of the image and require no manual feature extraction. Despite the importance of modeling survival in the context of medical data analysis, research on deep learning methods for modeling the relationship of imaging and time-to-event data is still under-developed. We provide an overview of deep learning methods for time-to-event outcomes and compare several deep learning methods to Cox model based methods through the analysis of a histology dataset of gliomas.
NKG2020 transformation: An updated transformation between dynamic and static reference frames in the Nordic and Baltic countries
Authors: Häkli Pasi , Evers Kristian , Jivall Lotti , Nilsson Tobias , Himle Sveinung , Kollo Karin , Liepiņš Ivars , Paršeliūnas Eimuntas , Vestøl Olav , Lidberg Martin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Coordinates in global reference frames are becoming more and more common in positioning whereas most of the geospatial data are stored in registries in national reference frames. It is therefore essential to know the relation between global and national coordinates, i.e., the transformation, as accurately as possible. Officially provided pan-European transformations do not account for the special conditions in the Nordic and Baltic countries, namely crustal deformations caused by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment. Therefore, they do not fulfill the demands for the most accurate applications like long-term reference frame maintenance. Consequently, the Nordic Geodetic Commission (NKG) has developed customized and accurate transformations from the global ITRF to the national ETRS89 realizations for the Nordic and Baltic countries. We present the latest update, called the NKG2020 transformation, with several improvements and uncertainty estimates. We also discuss its significance and practical implementation for geodetic and geospatial communities.
Are Radical Realists Hypocrites about Intuition-Dependence?
Authors: Cross Ben 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Radical realists criticise the role that moral intuitions play in moralist political philosophy. However, radical realists may also rely on certain epistemic intuitions when making use of their theories of ideology critique. Hence, one might wonder whether radical realists’ criticism of moralists’ intuition-dependence is hypocritical. Call this the intuition asymmetry objection. My aim in this article is to show that the intuition asymmetry objection fails. After examining the basis of objections by radical realists to the role of moral intuitions in moralist political philosophy, I show that the presence of intuitions in radical realist theories of ideology critique is consistent with their criticism of moralism.
Black pepper (Piper nigrum Lam) as a natural feed additive and source of beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals in chicken nutrition
Authors: Ogbuewu Ifeanyichukwu Princewill , Mbajiorgu Christian Anayo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tropical countries are rich in medicinal herbs that have the potentials to improve poultry productivity and health by increasing digestive enzyme activity, immune responses, and modulation of gut microbiota composition through the action of their bioactive constituents. Presently, black pepper (BP), one of such tropical herbs is gaining popularity as a substitute for antibiotics in poultry production, which have been found to promote the development of anti-resistant strains of bacteria and incorporation of drug residues in animal products. BP belongs to the genus - Piper, species – nigrum, and family - Piperaceae. The leaves, fruits, and seeds of BP are moderate in essential nutrients such as minerals and vitamins, but low in anti-nutritional factors. It is also high in important bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds play important roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of animals such as growth, egg production, and immune responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to pool evidence on the chemical composition of BP that acts as feed additives and their mode of action in enhancing performance and product quality, as well as the reasons for the inconsistent results among authors on the feed additive value of BP in chicken nutrition.
Testing and Characterization of the Freeze–Thawing Effect on the Morphology of Quartz Sand
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhang Ze , Zhang Shengrong , Brouchkov Anatoli , Meng Xiangxi , Melnikov Andrey , Gagarin Leonid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the morphological changes of sandy soils with a varying number of freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs). The primary objective was to characterize the changes in particle morphology and establish the relationship between the number of FTCs and these changes. Two variables, namely the amount of variation and the coefficient of variation, were introduced as parameters to characterize the morphological changes of sandy soils. Statistical analysis was performed using the PIP9.1 particle dynamic image analyzer to quantify the morphological characteristics of sandy soil particles. The results showed that the five morphological characteristic parameters of sandy soil particles conformed to a normal distribution. The particle shape was primarily blocky, and sandy soil particles appeared more broken and regular in shape with an increase in the number of FTCs. The coefficients of variation of particle filling exhibit “conjugate” changes with other indicators, and the coefficients of variation of each indicator decrease gradually with an increase in the number of FTCs. Principal component analysis was employed to integrate information on sandy soil particle shape, resulting in a new index that established the relationship between the index and the number of FTCs. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the morphological changes in sandy soils under freeze–thaw conditions and offer insight into the stability of sandy soils under these conditions.
Use of Clinical Practice Guideline to Improve Management of Osteoarticular Infections in Children
Authors: Dimo Joana , Hahn Danita , Schlidt Kevin , Mobayed Nisreen , Dasgupta Mahua , Barbeau Jody , Simpson Pippa M. , Soung Paula , Huppler Anna R 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES
Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) in children pose significant risks if incorrectly managed. We introduced a clinical practice guideline (CPG) to decrease use of broad-spectrum and intravenous (IV) antibiotics for OAI treatment. The primary aims of our project were to decrease the percent of patients with empirical broad cephalosporin use to 10% and decrease IV antibiotic therapy on discharge to 20% while increasing narrow-spectrum oral antibiotic use to 80% within 24 months.

METHODS
We used quality improvement methodology to study patients diagnosed with OAIs. Interventions included multidisciplinary workgroup planning, CPG implementation, education, information technology, and stakeholder feedback. Outcome measures were the percentage of patients prescribed empirical broad-spectrum cephalosporins, percent discharged on IV antibiotics, and percent discharged on narrow-spectrum oral antibiotics. Process measures included percent of patients hospitalized on medicine service and infectious diseases consultation. Balancing measures included rates of adverse drug reactions, disease complications, length of stay, and readmission within 90 days. The impact of the interventions was assessed with run and control charts.

RESULTS
A total of 330 patients were included over 96 months. The percentage of patients with empirical broad cephalosporin coverage decreased from 47% to 10%, percent discharged on IV antibiotics decreased from 75% to 11%, and percent discharged on narrow-spectrum oral antibiotics increased from 24% to 84%. Adverse drug reactions decreased from 31% to 10%. Rates of complications, readmissions, and length of stay were unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS
Through development and implementation of a CPG for OAI management, we demonstrated decreased use of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics and improved definitive antibiotic management.
Modern possibilities of upper extremity regional anesthesia
Authors: Khmyzov Andrij , Voloshyn Mykyta 
Published: June 2023

Today, regional anesthesia is widely used during surgical interventions in orthopedic surgery. Blockades of individual nerves and plexuses are used. Objective. To introduce readers: surgeons, orthopedists-traumatologists with the possibilities of regional anesthesia like an adequate method of analgesia during upper limb interventions. Methods. Relevant literature from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar databases and own experience of regional anesthesia were analyzed. The results. The work describes the effect of regional anesthesia on the nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular and coagulation systems. Information about blocks of peripheral nerves of the upper extremities: interscalene, supraclavicular, subclavian, axillary. Their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. Interscalene block is not recommended for patients with severe lung disease due to the risk of respiratory failure. Complications of this analgesia include: phrenic nerve block (up to 100 %), sympathetic chain block and Horner's syndrome. Also, possible accidental injection into the vertebral artery. Indications for the supraclavicular block are operations on the hand, forearm, elbow and shoulder. Complications — phrenic nerve block (17‒50 %), recurrent laryngeal blockade (22 %), pneumothorax (0.6‒6.1 %). When planning anesthesia, the accompanying pathology of the patient and his general condition should be taken into account. Particular care is required when the patient is taking anticoagulants. Risk of bleeding and thrombosis should be carefully assessed. Special attention should be paid to the toxicity of local anesthetics and ways to eliminate it. Conclusions. Regional anesthesia can be used in the pre-, intra- and postoperative periods. Sometimes it’s the only method that permit surgical intervention. It is necessary to understand all the advantages and limitations to ensure high quality of patient care.
Changes in the indicators of connective tissue metabolism in the blood serum of experimental rats under the conditions of modeling the development of degenerative processes in paravertebral muscles
Authors: Radchenko Volodymyr , Leontyeva Frieda , Tuliakov Vladyslav , Skidanov Mykyta , Nikolchenko Olga , Skidanov Artem 
Published: June 2023

Low back pain is a common health problem. To deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, experimental studies on animals with modeling of the pathological process are necessary. Objective. Based on the analysis of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in the blood serum of laboratory rats, the applicability of the studied models of degenerative muscle tissue damage to study the relationship between this condition and the development of disorders in spinal motor segments was assessed. Methods. Two models of reproduction of degenerative processes in the paravertebral muscles of white rats were tested: I (n = 5) — alimentary (diet-induced) obesity, by keeping it for 3 months on a high-calorie diet; II (n = 5) — ischemia, by tying the large rectus muscles of the back with suture material (45 days). Control group (n = 5) — intact animals of similar age and sex. The content of glycoproteins, total chondroitin sulfates (CS), hexosamines, protein-bound hexoses, seroglycoides, fractional distribution and total content of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan sulfates (GAGs) were investigated in the blood serum of rats. The results. In the blood serum of rats of groups I and II, a significant increase compared to the control level of glycoproteins was determined, with a greater effect in the ischemia model, but no significant changes of protein-bound hexoses, hexosamines and CS were recorded. The level of inflammatory markers (sialic acids and seroglycoides) in the blood serum of animals of both groups did not differ significantly from the control, and changes in the parameters of hydroxyproline (except for the slightly changed protein-bound fraction) and GAGs were significant only for the ischemia model. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in rats of groups I and II, changes characteristic of degenerative processes were determined, with a greater manifestation in the ischemia model. No significant increase in biochemical markers of inflammation was recorded. Both models can be used to reproduce dystrophic processes in osteochondrosis.
Histological features of articular cartilage and bone marrow reparative potential under conditions of coxarthritis in patients with radiographic signs of epiphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Huzhevskyi Igor , Herasymenko Sergey , Poluliakh Mikhail , Babko Andrey , Herasymenko Andrey , Рoluliakh Dmitry , Diedukh Ninel , Panchenko Lesya 
Published: June 2023

Coxarthritis in patients with radiographic signs of epiphyseal dysplasia causes disturbances of social adaptation of this patients group at a young age and ensure the relevance of studying the problem of optimizing the orthopaedic treatment of this patients category. Objective. To define the tactics of orthopaedic treatment in such patient category based on study of morphological features of articular cartilage and osteogenic activity of bone marrow stem stromal cells. Materials and Methods. We have clinically examined 68 adult patients having coxarthritis in the presence of radiological signs of epiphyseal dysplasia. In 52 cases we performed total hip and knee arthroplasty that allowed to obtain articular cartilage fragments for histological study and epiphysis bone fragments for study of reparative potential of the bone tissue. Results. In patients having coxarthritis that evolves on the ground of epiphyseal dysplasia by histological and cultural studies we have obtained the data as for deep microstructural disorders in joint cartilage matrix organization as a result of modification of collagen mesh in patients having epiphyseal dysplasia. We have identified the fact of significantly increased bone marrow stem cells proliferative potential at significantly decreased quantity of colony forming fibroblast units in spongious volume unit in epiphysis zone in this patients group which indicates a threat of decompensation of reparatory bone potential risk. Conclusions. Pathological factors of increasingly progressing course of osteoarthrosis in the presence of radiological signs of epiphyseal dysplasia are deep microstructural disorders of joint cartilage matrix organization as a result of modification of collagen mesh and consequent changes of epiphysis of the lower limbs form. There is no possibility of prevention and etiological therapy of coxarthritis evolving from epiphyseal dysplasia, meanwhile there is a threat of decompensation of reparatory bone tissue potential in epiphysis zone in this patient category. Therefore, in patients with coxarthritis and radiographic signs of epiphyseal dysplasia, resistant to the course of conservative treatment, it is advisable do not delay use the method of joint arthroplasty.