bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of particle size on initial reaction temperature of Ti and Zr powders
Authors: Xie Y B , Yang Y S , Wang C T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the effect of particle size on the initial reaction temperature of reactive metal powders, thermogravimetric analysis- differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) experiments and hot plate combustion tests were performed on Zr and Ti powders with an average particle size of 13±2, 25±5, 48±3, 75±5, 150±10 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that the initial reaction temperature of the metal powder with smaller particle size is lower. The heat flow rate and reaction rate are negatively correlated to the particle size. The hot plate combustion test shows that the initial reaction temperature of the metal powder increased with the increasing particle size. The heating rate also has a certain influence on the initial reaction temperature of the reactive metal powder. The initial reaction temperature is lower with a faster heating rate, for Ti and Zr particles of this study.
Simulation study on damage behaviour of partially filled fuel tank subjected to reactive core projectile impact
Authors: Xie Jian Wen , Shi Dong Fang , Liu Zhen Yang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Based on the structure of traditional small caliber APDS (Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot), a novel reactive core projectile (RCP) is proposed to improve the damage capability against fuel tank. The penetration processes of RCPs impacting partially filled fuel tanks with different penetration angles are investigated by numerical simulation, in which the Powder Burn model is adopted to describe the unique impact-induced delayed deflagration behaviour of reactive material. The simulation results show that, compared with the inert projectile, the RCP not only releases additional chemical energy during penetration process, but also increases the proportion of kinetic energy transferred to the surrounding fuel, resulting in the enhanced damage to fuel tank. Moreover, the damage effect of RCP is significantly influenced by the penetration angle, and a relatively small penetration angle is beneficial to improve the damage effect. The simulation results verify the time sequenced combined damage mechanism of kinetic energy and chemical energy of RCP, which provides a beneficial reference for the design of small caliber APDS.
Simulation study on the jet formation and penetration of aftereffect enhanced shaped charge
Authors: Zhang H Y , Bie H Y , Li P L , Xiang J Y , Zheng Y F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to reveal the aftereffect damage enhancement to armored targets, the jet formation of biconical Ti-Hf composite reactive liner shaped charge and the penetration behavior of steel target are studied by numerical simulation. The effects of cone angle, height ratio and standoff of biconical liner on jet formation and penetration performance were analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the effective jet formed by the biconical Ti-Hf composite reactive liner shaped charge is more concentrated than that of the single-cone Ti liner shaped charge, and the maximum velocity in the head and the average velocity in the middle of the forerunning penetration jet are increased by about 23.5% and 13% compared with the single-cone Ti liner shaped charge. When the cone angle α=50° of Hf liner, with the increase of the cone angle β of the forerunning Ti liner, the velocity distribution of the composite reactive jet along the axial direction shows a gradual downward trend, and the maximum velocity of the following reactive projectile shows an upward trend; With the increase of the height ratio of the biconical composite reactive liner, the velocity distribution of the forerunning penetration jet along the axial direction gradually increases, and the maximum velocity of the following reactive projectile gradually decreases. When the cone angle α=50°, β=80° and the height ratio H
1:H
2=2:3 of the biconical composite reactive liner, the penetration depth increases with the increase of standoff, but when the standoff exceeds 3.0CD, its influence on the penetration depth is significantly weakened.
Bonding Technology of Silicon rubber protective materials
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Wang Siyu , Xiao Chuan , Zhang Zhiming , Li Zisen , Li Jilong , Li Hongzhou , Wang Lei , Bian Yong , Zhou Qiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Silicone rubber (SR) materials play a crucial role in the field of mechanical impact protection technology. However, the adhesive stability between SR and various substrates in the actual application process is still a challenging task. The surface free energy of SR is about 19.9 mJ/m2, which can directly lead to fall off and peel off during the application process. In present study, a new type of bifunctional polyborosiloxane interfacial binder (BSiOVi) has been developed through a copolymerization method, resulting the firm bond between SR and epoxy resin (EP) and metal substrate. One end organic group of BSiOVi fixed to the surface of the substrate and the other end organic group act as initiator of the SR matrixpolymerization. The bonding strength macroscopically manifests as the cohesive failure of the silicone rubber protective material.
Self-assembly Hybridization of CL-20 and Hydrazone-based Polymeric Carbon Nitrides for High Performance Explosive
Authors: Wei Xiangshuai , Huang Wei , Lv Qianyang , Zeng Tianyou , Liu Yuji , Tang Yongxing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA strategy for desensitization of the highly sensitive explosive CL-20 with polymeric carbon nitrides is described. The hybrid energetic material (MHGP-CL-20) was synthesized via a self-assembly approach, where CL-20 molecules are immobilized on the hydrazone-based polymeric carbon nitrides. The good detonation performances (detonation velocity 9608 m·s−1, detonation pressure 42.8 GPa) show that MHGP-CL-20 retains the excellent performance of CL-20 to the greatest extent. More importantly, its sensitivities were effectively reduced with the impact sensitivity (IS) 10 J and the friction sensitivity (FS) 160 N, which is much lower compared with rawε-CL-20 (IS: 4 J; FS: 94 N). In addition, its specific impulse was improved to 276.6 s, higher than that ofε-CL-20 (272.4 s). By preparing solid composite propellants, the burning rate of the propellant grain PMC20 based on MHGP-CL-20 is higher than PC20 based onε-CL-20. The addition of hybrid energetic complex could keep the stability of combustion and improve the burning rate of solid propellant. The combination of PCNs material and CL-20 sustains the excellent performance of CL-20 and reduces the sensitivity effectively. The preparation of hybrid energetic material MHGP-CL-20 finds a new balance in the contradictory system of high energy and low sensitivity.
Study on TaN Thin Film Transducer Fabricated on the AlN Surface
Authors: Ren Xiao-Ming , Ding Yue-Wei , Wang Zhuo , Zhang Pei-Jia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to develop a new type of transducer for insensitive explosive devices, the problems in the film forming process of AlN ceramic surface were studied and the solutions were given. By comparison of ignition experiments, the surface roughness and average ignition current of the TaN film energy commutator prepared on the surface of polished AlN ceramics were smaller and higher. It met the technical requirements of insensitive explosive devices, which provided a new way for insensitive explosives.
Small opening cascade synchronous scanning underwater laser fuze using an adaptive backscatter filtering method
Authors: Xu Guangbo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To alleviate the problem of the low spatial utilization rate of underwater single-beam rotating scanning laser fuzes, a multi-beam rotating scanning fuze structure is proposed in this paper. It was used as a platform to study the interference mechanism of underwater pulsed laser backscatter, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed for typical detection situations of the underwater laser fuze. It was found that the interference echoes resulting from backscatter could even drown the actual target echoes and cause severe interference to the target identification of the fuze. To this end, this paper proposes an adaptive filtering algorithm called “VSS-DLMS” suitable for the fuze FPGA platform and simulated using echo data obtained by a real detection environment. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can effectively suppress the backscattered signal of the pulsed laser in seawater and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of fuze detection.
A far-field super-resolution imaging method based on phase constructive
Authors: Guan Haitao , Hu Yan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Super-resolution imaging under passive illumination is always a crucial issue to be addressed. Because the wavefront of an incoherent light field is not easily detected, it is hard to achieve super-resolution imaging by synthetic aperture under passive illumination. In this work, we proposed a super-resolution method based on phase constructive. We use a quadrature phase-shifting algorithm to retrieve the wavefront from a series of correlation patterns and reconstruct the super-resolution image with a wavefront synthesis algorithm. A simulation result verifies the effectiveness of our proposed method with a USAF-1951 target as the object.
Small target location algorithm based on optimized template matching
Authors: Zhang Jiayu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
At present, few published template matching algorithms can achieve the performance of commercial software. This paper studies and optimizes the existing geometric feature template matching algorithm, and combines it with the improved Fourier Merlin transform registration algorithm, and finally obtains a fast small target location algorithm. The matching time of the algorithm is 1-4ms, its positioning accuracy is sub-pixel level, the angle accuracy is less than 1 °, and it has good robustness to illumination. The experimental data show that the algorithm meets the requirements of real-time and accurate industrial automation production.
Numerical Simulation on Shaped Charge Jet Penetrating Single / Composite Structure of Target Plate
Authors: Niu Y Q , Jia X , Yu Y Q , Huang Z X , Xiao Q Q , Zu X D , Ma B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the ability of the target plate in the fortification to resist the penetration of the front-stage shaped jet of the tandem warhead, four common target materials of ceramic, reinforced concrete, steel fiber reinforced concrete and high-strength steel were selected as the target plate, and the finite difference software LS-DYNA was used. Software to carry out numerical simulation research on metal jet penetration into single/composite target plate. The research results show that when the structure of the shaped charge is the same, the jet penetration resistance of the four target materials is high-strength steel, ceramics, steel fiber reinforced concrete, and reinforced concrete in descending order; the C40 national military standard reinforced concrete target is used as a reference. The jet penetration depth of the composite target is reduced by 28%; due to the consumption of jet energy by multiple pit opening and high-strength interlayer materials, the jet penetration resistance of the composite target with the same thickness is better than that of a single.
Fast Prediction for Dynamic Response of Cellular Material under Dynamic Crushing
Authors: Liu Ting , Chen Changhai , Cheng Yuansheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, a dynamic enhancement stress model for cellular materials was derived from kinematics perspective, which directly reflected the influence of inertia effect on dynamic stress. Based on the proposed dynamic enhancement stress model, a densification strain calibration (DSC) analytical model with wider applicability for cellular materials was established, in which stress-dependent densification strain was employed. FE simulations for linear hardening and power hardening material under dynamic impact were conducted to validate DSC model. Comparing with idealized model (rigid, perfectly-plastic, locking model), dynamic plateau stress obtained by using of DSC model matched better with numerical results. Moreover, experimental results in published literature were employed to further confirm the reliability of DSC model in predicting projectile deceleration and final crushing depth. Finally, DSC model was used to predict dynamic response of gradient PVC foam, and the relative errors of final crushing depth to numerical results was within 8%.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Disturbed Tube on the Propagation Mechanism of Methane-Oxygen Detonation
Authors: Zhao Huan-juan , Liu Jing , Lin Min , Niu Shu-zhen , Yang Lian-zhi , Gao Na 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The detonation experiments of unstable mixture CH4 + 2O2 were carried out in smooth and disturbed tube under different initial pressures(P
0) to study the effects of inner tube disturbance(d) on the propagation velocity of detonation wave and the characteristics of cellular structure. The results show that these are mainly affected by the initial pressure and boundary conditions (confined wall). With the increase of P
0, the change trend of cell size remains unchanged whether there is disturbance or not. However, when P
0 rises to 15kPa, it can not offset the detonation failure caused by the d = 60mm tube. While, the turbulence effect caused by d = 20mm tube maintains the wave propagation through the flow fluctuation of leading shock wave and the interaction of boundary layer. When P
0 increases to 14kPa, the shear wave intensity of the detonation wave increases. The high initiation energy leads to the instability of the detonation wave front. A relatively fine secondary cellular structure is observed near the main cellular structure. So after inserting the inner tube disturbance, the decrease of cell size is due to the generation of secondary cellular structure, and the size of main cellular structure actually becomes larger.
Research Status and Development Trend of Tandem Armor-Breaking Warheads
Authors: Peng-fei Kou , Lei Cao , Zheng-feng Liang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to cope with the continuous progress of tank protection technology, it is imperative to optimize and improve the ability of existing armor-breaking warheads. This paper mainly introduces the development history of explosive reactive armor, shaped charge jet formation theory, shaped charge jet penetration theory, armor-breaking warhead technology, series armor-breaking warhead technology and research status of armor-breaking/killing compound warhead technology. Finally, the development trend of armor-breaking warhead in the future is described, in order to provide some enlightenment for the design and improvement of armor-breaking warhead in the future.
Study on the characteristics of initial shock waves generated by cylindrical charge for underwater explosion
Authors: Ma T , Wang J X , Liu L T , Li H , Gu Y C , Zhang Y F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to provide a theoretical basis for studying the shock wave propagation and evolution generated by cylindrical charge of near-field underwater explosion, the characteristics of initial shock waves generated by cylindrical charge are studied. First, a new theoretical model for initial shock waves is proposed by the polar curve method. Based on the theoretical model and the simulated results, the influences of incident angle, length-to-diameter ratio and type of charge on the initial shock waves are analysed. Then the experiments of underwater explosion load tests are carried out to verify the theoretical and simulation results. Finally some instructive conclusions are drawn: i) The two-dimensional theoretical model can calculate the initial underwater shock wave pressure and its direction of cylindrical charge through detonation velocity, detonation pressure, explosive density and incident angle, which is provides a theoretical basic for studying the shock wave propagation and evolution studies. By comparing the theoretical results with the numerical results verified by experiments, the maximum error is not more than 9.93%. ii) Increasing the incident angle α
0 will reduce the initial shock wave pressure of cylindrical charge and make its direction deflect towards the material interface. When the incident angle α
0 is in the range of 0 - 10°, increasing the incident angle makes the initial shock wave pressure decrease rapidly as a power function. With the increasing of the incident angle, the attenuation rate of the initial shock wave firstly decreases and then increases when the incident angle α
0 is in the range of 10 - 72°. This phenomenon explains the reason that the axial and radial initial shock wave pressures are much higher than those in other directions after the central initiation of cylindrical charge. iii) According to the geometric relationship, the length-to-diameter ratio of the charge will limit the range of the incident angle. The length-to-diameter ratio will affect the initial shock wave pressure at the same initiation time. The pressure decreases with the increase of the length-to-diameter ratio when the initial shock wave is formed on the cylindrical surface of the charge.
Analysis the Influence of Projectile Penetration Velocity and Length - Diameter Ratio on Fuze Overload Signal Adhesion
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Niu Shaohua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The overload signal of fuze is prone to be adhesion while projectile penetrating multi-layer target with high speed. This problem would cause failure of judgment the layers. The ahhesion phenomenon is related to many factors, such as the penetration speed, parameters of the projectile, the characteris of target and so on. In this paper, the influence of penetration speed and projectile length-diameter ratio on the overlaod signal adhesion is analyzed by numerical simulation. Firstly, the reliability of the material model and its material parameters are verified by simulating the penetration experiments of reduced-scale projectiles. Then three projectile models with different length-diameter ratios are established to compare and analyze the adhesion of overload signals penetrating the five-layer concrete target. The analysis shows that the signal is easy to be adhesion with the increasing of penetrating speed and the length-diameter ratio. However, with the increase of the penetrating speed of the projectile, the influence of its length-diameter ratio on the adhesion gradually decreases.
Experimental study on damage aftereffect of several types of metallic energetic fragments
Authors: Liu G T , Liu K , Zhang J J , Liu Y T , Liang D , Chen M , Wu B H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Metallic energetic fragments are the most widely used and technologically mature damage fragments at present. In this study, four types of typical tungsten/zirconium (W/Zr) energetic fragments are examined by static explosion test, and the penetration, hole enlargement, and ignition performance and characteristics of different fragment materials are investigated. The results show that all the four W/Zr energetic fragments have good anti-detonation and penetration capabilities, which can effectively penetrate 6 mm thick Q235 steel plate, aluminum spacer plate and fuel tank behind the target at impact velocity of 1050 m/s. 1#, 2# and 4# energetic fragments exhibit significant behind-target hole enlargement effect, and the enlarged area of holes in the aftereffect aluminum plate behind the steel plate with a spacing of 10 cm is 6~8 times the cross-sectional area of the original fragment, and the enlarged hole area of the fuel tank (outlet) behind the aluminum plate is 12~14 times the cross-sectional area of the original fragment. 3# fragments has weaker behind-target hole enlargement effect. Low-density 2# and 4# fragments can ignite the aviation kerosene tank behind the target, and 4# fragments show the best ignition effect. There is an internal consistency between hole enlargement capability on the aftereffect target of energetic fragments and the behind-target ignition capability. Without sacrificing the anti-detonation and penetration performance, low-density energetic fragments can be preferentially selected to ensure the behind-target damage effect.
Damage aftereffect of energetic materials in armor piercing incendiary projectiles on diesel fuel tanks
Authors: Liu K , Liu G T , Luo P G , Chen Z H , Liu Y T , Chen Z M , Huang K D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to investigate the damage aftereffect of energetic materials on diesel fuel tanks, this study compares the damage effects of three energetic materials, namely CuO/Al thermite, PTFE/Al+CuO/Al composite, and Zr powder, on diesel fuel tanks. The hole area on fuel tanks and the length and duration of diesel deflagration-formed fireballs are characterized, and the damage process and mechanism of armor piercing incendiary (API) projectiles are explored. According to the results, the CuO/Al thermite releases energy rapidly during projectile penetration into the target and exhibits the highest damage power. The hole produced by the thermite projectiles has an area twice as large as that produced by the composite projectiles, and the maximum fireball induced by the thermite persists twice as long as that induced by the composite. The rapid energy release of the CuO/Al thermite is primarily attributed to the vaporization of copper atoms into free copper at high temperatures, which further increases the pressure in fuel tanks. CuO/Al-filled API projectiles at a velocity of 950 m/s can produce violent deflagration and petaling damage to diesel fuel tanks.
Research on mass distribution characteristics of the behind armor debris of the EFP penetrating target
Authors: Li Rui , Huang Zhengxiang , Yu Wanqian , Zu Xudong , Xiao Qiangqiang , Jia Xin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Based on the AUTODYN, a numerical simulation model for EFP warhead penetrating finite thickness target was established, and the mass distribution characteristic of the armor debris behind target was analyzed. The result shows that the whole mass of behind armor debris(BAD) of the EFP with 1790m/s and target with 0° inclination angle increased and the quantity of BAD firstly increased and then decreased as target thickness ranging from 10mm to 70mm. For the experiments with employing the EFP with 1790m/s and 40mm target thickness, the BAD mass initially rose and then to drop off, as well as the quantity of BAD increased over inclination angle increasing from 0° to 60°.According to the results with 0° inclination angle and 40mm target thickness, the quantity of BAD also increased and the mass generally decreased as EFP velocity increasing from 1.2km/s to 2.6km/s. Verifications were conducted by using EFP penetrating into the 40mm thickness target with varying inclination angles. The simulation results correlate with the experimental results reasonably well.
Numerical Simulations of Plasmas Generated by Air Explosion
Authors: Chu Z X , Li J Q , Lei Xiao , Gan Y D , Zhang Y L , Liang H Z 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe explosion process of explosives is very complex, often accompanied by phenomena such as luminescence, heat, and electromagnetic radiation. Many studies have shown that the electromagnetic radiation of explosive explosions is related to plasma generated by explosion. In this paper, through the thermal equilibrium ionization model, the plasma model of explosive explosion is established, the calculation formula of plasma state parameters is obtained, and the plasma dynamics program is written. The numerical simulation analysis of the air explosion conditions is carried out by using the plasma dynamics program, and the relationship between the electron density and conductivity of the air explosion plasma and the mass of explosive and distance are summarized.