bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic characterization of primary lateral sclerosis
Authors: de Boer Eva M. J. , de Vries Balint S. , Pennings Maartje , Kamsteeg Erik-Jan , Veldink Jan H. , van den Berg Leonard H. , van Es Michael A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a motor neuron disease characterised by loss of the upper motor neurons. Most patients present with slowly progressive spasticity of the legs, which may also spread to the arms or bulbar regions. It is challenging to distinguish between PLS, early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). The current diagnostic criteria advise against extensive genetic testing. This recommendation is, however, based on limited data.

Methods
We aim to genetically characterize a PLS cohort using whole exome sequencing (WES) for genes associated with ALS, HSP, ataxia and movement disorders (364 genes) and C9orf72 repeat expansions. Patients fulfilling the definite PLS criteria by Turner et al. and with available DNA samples of sufficient quality were recruited from an on-going, population-based epidemiological study. Genetic variants were classified according to the ACMG criteria and assigned to groups based on disease association.

Results
WES was performed in 139 patients and the presence of repeat expansions in C9orf72 was analysed separately in 129 patients. This resulted in 31 variants of which 11 were (likely) pathogenic. (Likely) pathogenic variants resulted in 3 groups based on disease association: ALS-FTD (C9orf72, TBK1), pure HSP (SPAST, SPG7), “ALS-HSP-CMT overlap” (FIG4, NEFL, SPG11).

Discussion
In a cohort of 139 PLS patients, genetic analyses resulted in 31 variants (22%) of which 10 (7%) (likely) pathogenic associated with different diseases (predominantly ALS and HSP). Based on these results and the literature, we advise to consider genetic analyses in the diagnostic work-up for PLS.
A large-scale field experiment across six rivers illustrates how the effects of resource enrichment are context dependent
Authors: Bovill William D. , Downes Barbara J. , Bond Nick R. , Reich Paul , Coleman Rhys , Lake P. S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResource supplementation can increase species richness and change the faunal composition of communities, but experiments have produced variable outcomes. An often overlooked element is that species richness can only increase if new taxa can disperse to resource-rich locations and invade established, local communities. We experimentally increased a basal resource (detritus) in six rivers in south-eastern Australia by driving wooden stakes into the riverbed to increase retention of detritus. Control sites were left untreated. Sites were located in agricultural sections with mostly cleared vegetation, but with intact (uncleared) reference sites upstream to provide sources of prospective colonists. We measured channel retentiveness and sampled benthic detritus and invertebrates before and after manipulation. We tested whether: greater retentiveness increased detritus densities, species richness and abundances and altered faunal composition; manipulation sites reached bio-equivalence with reference sites; new species arose from upstream reference areas; and whether outcomes were consistent across rivers. Only three rivers gained increases in detritus densities. All had low pre-existing amounts of in-stream wood compared with rivers that did not respond to treatment. Two rivers (Hughes Creek, Seven Creeks) gained higher species richness and invertebrate densities within 12 months and reached bio-equivalence with reference sites. In contrast, Turtons Creek showed species turnover through replacement of individuals. Only in Hughes Creek was there evidence of successful dispersal from the upstream reference area. The outcomes show that the effects of resource supplementation vary between rivers and suggest that pre-existing conditions (e.g. channel retentiveness) may cause these differences, providing clear evidence of context dependence.
Structural, thermochemical and kinetic insights on the pyrolysis of diketene to produce ketene
Authors: Poudel Pitambar , Masters Sarah L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiketene (4-methylideneoxetan-2-one) is a precursor to the formation of either two molecules of ketene, or allene and CO2 using pyrolysis techniques. It is not known experimentally which of these pathways is followed, or indeed if both are, during the dissociation process. We use computational methods to show that the formation of ketene has a lower barrier than formation of allene and CO2 under standard conditions (by 12 kJ/mol). According to CCSD(T)/CBS, CBS-QB3 and M06-2X/cc-pVTZ calculations the formation of allene and CO2 is favoured thermodynamically under standard conditions of temperature and pressure; however, kinetically the formation of ketene is favoured from transition state theory calculations at standard and elevated temperatures.
Graphical abstract
Inertial effects in just-saturated axisymmetric column collapses
Authors: Webb William , Heron Charles , Turnbull Barbara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work introduces a scaling analysis of sub-aerial axisymmetric column collapses of glass beads and Newtonian glycerol-water solutions mimicking some of the behaviours of debris flows. The beads were in a size range where their inertia partly decouples their collapse behaviour from the water column. Experiments explored a range of viscous, surface tension and particle inertia effects through systematic variation of particle size and fluid viscosity. Crucially a geotechnical centrifuge was used to access elevated effective gravitational accelerations driving the collapse, allowing field-scale viscous and surface tension effects to be replicated. Temporal pore pressure and run out front position evolution data was extracted using a pressure transducer and high speed imaging, respectively. A least-squares fitted scale analysis demonstrated that all characteristic dimensionless quantities of the acceleration phase could be described as a function of the column-scale Bond number $$\text{ Bo }$$

Bo

, the Capillary number $$\text{ Ca }$$

Ca

, the system size $$r^*$$

r
∗

, and the grain-fluid density ratio $$\rho ^*$$

ρ
∗

. This analysis demonstrated that collapses as characterised by pore pressure evolution and front positions were controlled by the ratio of $$\text{ Bo}/\text{Ca}$$

Bo
/
Ca

. This indicates that grain-scale surface tension effects are negligible in such inertial column collapses where they may dominate laboratory-scale granular-fluid flow behaviour where geometric similarity between grain and system size is preserved.
Graphical abstract
CT-derived measures of muscle quantity and quality predict poorer outcomes from elective colorectal surgery: a UK multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Blackwell J. E. M. , Herrod P. J. J. , Doleman B. , Boyd-Carson H. , Dolan D. , Wheldon L. , Brown S. R. , Banerjea A. , Moug S. , Lund J. N. ,   The POMPOMM Collaborative, Wong Michael , Boucher Alexander N. C. , Sian Ross , Metherall Peter , Harthorne Jenna , Redhead Natasha , Walker Leonie , Marshall Fiona , Clarke Christopher G. D. , Thomas Paul , Hyland Liam , Hatt Jacob R. , Hardy Edward , Smart Thomas , Bunce James , Careless Alysha , Lai Yi Lin , Gemmill Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess whether preoperative radiologically defined lean muscle measures are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods
This retrospective UK-based multicentre data collection study identified patients having had colorectal cancer resection with curative intent between January 2013 to December 2016. Preoperative computed-tomography (CT) scans were used to measure psoas muscle characteristics. Clinical records provided postoperative morbidity and mortality data.

Results
This study included 1122 patients. The cohort was separated into a combined group (patients with both sarcopenia and myosteatosis) and others group (either sarcopenia or myosteatosis, or neither). For the combined group, anastomotic leak was predicted on univariate (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.43–11.79; p = 0.009) and multivariate analysis (OR 4.37, 95% CI 1.41–13.53; p = 0.01). Also for the combined group, mortality (up to 5 years postoperatively) was predicted on univariate (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.64–3.52; p < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.28–2.89; p = 0.002). A strong correlation exists between freehand-drawn region of interest-derived psoas density measurement and using the ellipse tool (R2 = 81%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Measures of lean muscle quality and quantity, which predict important clinical outcomes, can be quickly and easily taken from routine preoperative imaging in patients being considered for colorectal cancer surgery. As poor muscle mass and quality are again shown to predict poorer clinical outcomes, these should be proactively targeted within prehabilitation, perioperative and rehabilitation phases to minimise negative impact of these pathological states.
“Don’t mince words”: analysis of problematizations in Australian alternative protein regulatory debates
Authors: Johnson Hope , Parker Christine , Evans Brodie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlternative proteins, including plant-based and cell-based meat and dairy analogues, are discursively positioned as a new form of meat and dairy and as a solution to the myriad of issues associated with conventional animal agriculture. Animal agricultural industries across various nations have resisted this positioning in regulatory spaces by advocating for laws that restrict the use of meat and dairy terms on the labels of alternative proteins products. Underlying this contestation are differing understandings of, and vested interests in, desirable futures for animal agriculture. In Australia, this broader contestation led to a national-level inquiry by a Senate parliamentary committee entitled Definitions of meat and other animal products (the Inquiry). This paper reports findings from a study of the problematizations developed through the Inquiry using a framework for policy discourse analysis referred to as Bacchi’s ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be’ methodology. It shows how the dominant discourse throughout the Inquiry moved away from the initial problematization of alternative proteins as a threat to animal agriculture. Instead, both industries were ultimately positioned as not in competition and only labelling laws were problematized with the solution being amendments to ensure ‘consumer clarity’. This outcome ignored a range of alternative problematizations related to the ethical, environmental, health, social and economic issues raised by animal agriculture and by alternative proteins. This lack of scrutiny benefits both industries, by closing off the policy discourse to consideration of a range of alternative interests, voices, and potential solutions, such as stricter health and welfare regulation.
Lysinibacillus spp.: an IAA-producing endospore forming-bacteria that promotes plant growth
Authors: Pantoja-Guerra Manuel , Burkett-Cadena Marleny , Cadena Johanna , Dunlap Christopher A. , Ramírez Camilo A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLysinibacillus is a bacterial genus that has generated recent interest for its biotechnological potential in agriculture. Strains belonging to this group are recognized for their mosquitocidal and bioremediation activity. However, in recent years some reports indicate its importance as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This research sought to provide evidence of the PGP activity of Lysinibacillus spp. and the role of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production associated with this activity. Twelve Lysinibacillus spp. strains were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, six of which increased the biomass and root architecture of corn plants. In most cases, growth stimulation was evident at 108 CFU/mL inoculum concentration. All strains produced IAA with high variation between them (20–70 µg/mL). The bioinformatic identification of predicted genes associated with IAA production allowed the detection of the indole pyruvic acid pathway to synthesize IAA in all strains; additionally, genes for a tryptamine pathway were detected in two strains. Extracellular filtrates from all strain’s cultures increased the corn coleoptile length in an IAA-similar concentration pattern, which demonstrates the filtrates had an auxin-like effect on plant tissue. Five of the six strains that previously showed PGPR activity in corn also promoted the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana (col 0). These strains induced changes in root architecture of Arabidopsis mutant plants (aux1-7/axr4-2), the partial reversion of mutant phenotype indicated the role of IAA on plant growth. This work provided solid evidence of the association of Lysinibacillus spp. IAA production with their PGP activity, which constitutes a new approach for this genus. These elements contribute to the biotechnological exploration of this bacterial genus for agricultural biotechnology.
The Effects of the Compassionate Mind Training for Caregivers on Professional Quality of Life and Mental Health: Outcomes from a Cluster Randomized Trial in Residential Youth Care Settings
Authors: Santos Laura , Pinheiro Maria do Rosário , Rijo Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Psychological distress is highly noticeable among caregivers working in residential youth care (RYC). Maintaining and enhancing caregivers’ professional mental health and quality of life is crucial to achieve effective outcomes in RYC. Nevertheless, trainings to protect caregivers’ mental health are scarce. Considering the buffering effect over negative psychological outcomes, compassion training could be beneficial in RYC.

Objective
This study is part of a Cluster Randomized Trial examining the effects of the Compassionate Mind Training for Caregivers (CMT-Care Homes), looking at professional quality of life and mental health of caregivers working in RYC.

Method
The sample was composed of 127 professional caregivers from 12 Portuguese residential care homes (RCH). RCHs were randomly allocated at experimental (N = 6) and control group (N = 6). Participants were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3 and 6-month follow-ups, answering to the Professional Quality of Life Scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Program effects were tested using a two-factor mixed MANCOVA, with self-critical attitude and education degree as covariates.

Results
MANCOVA showed a significant Time × Group interaction effects (F = 1.890, p = .014; $${\eta }_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

= .050), with CMT-Care Homes participants presenting lower scores on burnout, anxiety, and depression at 3 and 6-months follow-ups, when compared with controls. Participants that received CMT-Care Homes considered the program useful to deal with pandemic threats and with youth during lockdowns.

Conclusion
This study shows the benefits of the CMT-Care Homes in helping professional caregivers reducing burnout, anxiety and depression, and dealing with pandemic challenges in RYC.
Trial registration: This cluster randomized trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (TRN: NCT04512092) on 6th August 2020.
Human-inspired computational models for European Portuguese: a review
Authors: Teixeira António , Silva Samuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper surveys human-inspired speech technologies developed for European Portuguese and the computational models they integrate and made them possible. In this regard, it covers systems for synthesis and recognition as well as information on the methods adopted for the speech production studies that were performed, in parallel, to support them. And, on doing so, it can also contribute to provide an entry point for those who work in the field but are not familiar with these particular areas, including: context, history, and comprehensive references. As the great majority of work in these areas for European Portuguese was done by the first author’s research group, this paper can also be seen as a review of more than 25 years of research at University of Aveiro in these topics.
Informal Settlement Fires in Colombia
Authors: Florez Trujillo Diego F. , Valencia Andres , Avendano-Uribe Bryann 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe problem of fires in informal settlements has been recognized as a global phenomenon, affecting thousands of people annually and representing an extreme risk for millions. Informal settlements are characterized by poor infrastructure, lack of access to essential services and dwellings built from flammable materials. Their vulnerability to fire is extreme as even where losses are minimal fires ruin lives, damage property, and undermine socioeconomic development. Currently, there is a great need to understand the proportion and characteristics of the problem around the world. As an attempt to help fill this knowledge gap, this paper presents a detailed description of the problem of informal settlement fires in Colombia. This investigation includes the contextualization of the problem, a morphological description of several common dwelling types, and their socio-economic characteristics in terms of the number of people, physical conditions, and provision of services. The statistics associated with informal settlement fires in Colombia are reported, with emphasis on the number of dwellings destroyed, people affected, ignition sources and challenges for fire suppression operations. Finally, a case study highlighting the development of a typical informal settlement fire in Colombia is presented. The results reported in this paper are suitable to support emergency protocols and prevention strategies aiming to mitigate the risk associated with informal settlements.
Seeing the Future Through the Socialist Past: the Works of the Radical Imaginary Through Migration
Authors: Manolova Polina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article contours the collective imaginary horizons of post-socialist subjects as they emerge within and around the ‘routinised’ practice of labour migration and its pressing materialities. Taking the case of Bulgarian-origin migrants in the UK, the article problematises the common conceptualisation of (semi-)peripheral imaginations as medium for enacting the hegemonic project of Western modernity-coloniality. Rather than passive subscribers to powerful but deceitful political utopias, ‘peripheral’ migrant subjects emerge as autonomous agents, articulating radically different visions of the desirable and possible. The politicisation of the socialist past as a historical context of shared social meaning and experience, as well as a symbolic resource of forgotten ideals, opens up a space for critical engagement with the capitalist mechanisms producing despair in the present. Invoking meaning and value from previously existing ideals of solidarity, justice and egalitarianism as they relate to the realms of work, self-hood and socio-political organisation, my interlocutors countermap the trauma of the present to the stability and fullness of what was before, in the process hinting at a possible moment of ‘rupture’ and ‘re-institution’. Respectful engagement with the ‘lay’ socialisms of today, I suggest it is vital for exploring further the political capacity of the post-socialist imaginary and its possibilities for carving out self-affirming agendas for equality, collectiveness and working-class dignity.
Tempering and enabling ambition: how equity is considered in domestic processes preparing NDCs
Authors: Holz Ceecee , Cunliffe Guy , Mbeva Kennedy , Pauw Pieter W. , Winkler Harald 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe considerations of how Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to global climate action under the Paris Agreement are ambitious and fair, or equitable, is expected to guide countries’ decisions with regards to the ambition and priorities of those contributions. This article investigates the equity aspect of the NDCs of four cases (Canada, the EU, Kenya, and South Africa) utilizing a combination of document analysis and expert interviews. It interrogates both the NDC documents themselves and, uniquely, the role of international and domestic equity considerations within the domestic policy processes that led to the formulation of the NDCs. For this, 30 participants and close observers of these processes were interviewed. We find countervailing effects of equity on ambition, with an enabling, or ambition-enhancing, effect resulting from international equity, in that these four Parties show willingness to do more if others do, too. In contrast, tempering effect appears to result from domestic equity concerns, for example with regards to real, perceived, or anticipated adverse distributional impacts of climate action across regions, sectors, and/or societal strata. Political cultures differ across the four case studies, as do the key actors that influence domestic policies and the preparations of NDCs. This paper also demonstrates that research on equity in NDCs can benefit from expanding its scope from the contents of NDC submissions to also examine the underlying decision-making processes, to generate insights that can contribute to future NDCs being both equitable and ambitious.
Germanic diminutives: a case study of a gap in Norwegian
Authors: Alexiadou Artemis , Lohndal Terje 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is well known that German and Dutch have productive diminutive morphology. What is much less discussed is the fact that several other Germanic languages do not have such productive morphology, notably the Scandinavian languages. Instead, these languages form compounds to express a diminutive meaning. This paper addresses the puzzle of why the Scandinavian languages do not have productive diminutive morphology. The paper argues that the culprit is the particular definite suffix that the Scandinavian languages have. This is a postnominal definite suffix that occupies a low position in the nominal functional spine. It is argued that the presence of this suffixed article accounts for the lack of productive synthetic diminutive formation in these languages.
Integrating the Voices of Youth with Lived Experience as Co-researchers to Improve Research and Practice Approaches to Childhood Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Cullen Olivia , Jenney Angelique , Shiels Laura , Greer Katelyn , Scott Katreena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Childhood experiences of intimate partner violence (CEIPV) is common, but youth voices are underrepresented in such research, and little is known about what they find helpful in counselling. The purpose of this research was to engage youth with lived experience to address the following questions: (1) What do youth with CEIPV identify as key competencies needed for CEIPV service providers? And (2) How can youth participatory action research (YPAR) (and participatory methods) be utilized to enhance research on CEIPV? This article is focused on the YPAR process and addressing the second research question.

Methods
Utilizing a YPAR approach, 12 Canadian youth were engaged as members of the research team to include their voices, perspectives, and experiences in addressing the research questions.

Results
Youth researchers highlighted strategies and principles to engage youth meaningfully in YPAR. These were: (1) recognizing and valuing lived experience as expertise; (2) recognizing the diversity in youths’ experiences, skills, and strengths; (3) creating a safe space with no judgement; and (4) having adult researchers committed to the process and not just the outcomes of the research.

Conclusions
The YPAR process used in the current study is an example of how youth with lived expertise successfully engage in research. Reflecting on what worked in the current study, youth researchers provided recommendations to improve youth engagement. When safety and relationships are prioritized, and youth feel heard and respected, they note finding value in participatory research to counter the impact CEIPV has had on their lives.