bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Race and Receipt of Home- and Community-Based Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Albrecht Jennifer S. , Kumar Amit , Falvey Jason R. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceNon-Hispanic Black (hereafter Black) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience worse long-term outcomes and residual disability compared with non-Hispanic White (hereafter White) patients. Receipt of appropriate rehabilitation can improve function among older adults after TBI.ObjectiveTo assess the association between race and receipt of home- and community-based rehabilitation among a nationally representative sample of older Medicare beneficiaries with TBI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed a random sample of Medicare administrative claims data for community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of TBI and discharged alive to a nonhospice setting from 2010 through 2018. Claims data for Medicare beneficiaries of other races and ethnicities were excluded due to the small sample sizes within each category. Data were analyzed January 21 to August 30, 2022.ExposuresBlack or White race.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMonthly use rates of home-based or outpatient rehabilitation were calculated over the 6 months after discharge from the hospital. The denominator for rate calculations accounted for variation in length of hospital and rehabilitation facility stays and loss to follow-up due to death. Rates over time were modeled using generalized estimating equations, controlling for TBI acuity, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and socioeconomic factors.ResultsAmong 19 026 Medicare beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 81.6 [8.1] years; 10 781 women [56.7%]; and 994 Black beneficiaries [5.2%] and 18 032 White beneficiaries [94.8%]), receipt of 1 or more home health rehabilitation visits did not differ by race (Black vs White, 47.4% vs 46.2%; P = .46), but Black beneficiaries were less likely to receive 1 or more outpatient rehabilitation visits compared with White beneficiaries (3.4% vs 7.1%; P &amp;lt; .001). In fully adjusted regression models, Black beneficiaries received less outpatient therapy over the 6 months after TBI (rate ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.93). However, Black beneficiaries received more home health rehabilitation therapy over the 6 months after TBI than White beneficiaries (rate ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found relative shifts in rehabilitation use, with markedly lower outpatient therapy use and modestly higher home health care use among Black patients compared with White patients with TBI. These disparities may contribute to reduced functional recovery and residual disability among racial and ethnic minority groups. Additional studies are needed to assess the association between the amount of outpatient rehabilitation care and functional recovery after TBI in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
An Extremely Stable, Highly Soluble Monosubstituted Anthraquinone for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Amini Kiana , Kerr Emily F. , George Thomas Y. , Alfaraidi Abdulrahman M. , Jing Yan , Tsukamoto Tatsuhiro , Gordon Roy G. , Aziz Michael J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn extremely stable, energy‐dense (53.6 Ah L−1, 2 m transferrable electrons), low crossover (permeability of <1 × 10−13 cm2 s−1 using Nafion 212 (Nafion is a trademark polymer from DuPont)), and potentially inexpensive anthraquinone with 2‐2‐propionate ether anthraquinone structure (abbreviated 2‐2PEAQ) is synthesized and extensively evaluated under practically relevant conditions for use in the negolyte of an aqueous redox flow battery. 2‐2PEAQ shows a high stability with a fade rate of 0.03–0.05% per day at different applied current densities, cut‐off voltage windows, and concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 m) in both a full cell paired with a ferro/ferricyanide posolyte as well as a symmetric cell. 2‐2PEAQ is further shown to have extreme long‐term stability, losing only ≈0.01% per day when an electrochemical rejuvenation strategy is employed. From post‐mortem analysis (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV)) two degradation mechanisms are deduced: side chain loss and anthrone formation. 2‐2PEAQ with the ether linkages attached on carbons non‐adjacent to the central ring is found to have three times lower fade rate compared to its isomer with ether linkages on the carbon adjacent to the central quinone ring. The present study introduces a viable negolyte candidate for grid‐scale aqueous organic redox flow batteries.
Upcycling of Waste Plastic into Hybrid Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Wyss Kevin M. , Li John T. , Advincula Paul A. , Bets Ksenia V. , Chen Weiyin , Eddy Lucas , Silva Karla J. , Beckham Jacob L. , Chen Jinhang , Meng Wei , Deng Bing , Nagarajaiah Satish , Yakobson Boris I. , Tour James M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGraphitic 1D and hybrid nanomaterials represent a powerful solution in composite and electronic applications due to exceptional properties, but large‐scale synthesis of hybrid materials has yet to be realized. Here, a rapid, scalable method to produce graphitic 1D materials from polymers using flash Joule heating (FJH) is reported. This avoids lengthy chemical vapor deposition and uses no solvent or water. The flash 1D materials (F1DM), synthesized using a variety of earth‐abundant catalysts, have controllable diameters and morphologies by parameter tuning. Furthermore, the process can be modified to form hybrid materials, with F1DM bonded to turbostratic graphene. In nanocomposites, F1DM outperform commercially available carbon nanotubes. Compared to current 1D material synthetic strategies using life cycle assessment, FJH synthesis represents an 86–92% decrease in cumulative energy demand and 92–94% decrease in global‐warming potential. This work suggests that FJH affords a cost‐effective and sustainable route to upcycle waste plastic into valuable 1D and hybrid nanomaterials.
Unprecedented Regioselective Deuterium‐Incorporation of Alkyltrimethylammonium Chlorides and Raman Analysis
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Matsuda Takumi , Moriyama Shogo , Ban Kazuho , Fujioka Hiroyoshi , Kamiya Mako , Shou Jingwen , Ozeki Yasuyuki , Akai Shuji , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlkyltrimethylammonium chlorides (ATACs) are widely utilized as cationic surfactants in various scientific fields. Furthermore, deuterium‐incorporated compounds can be powerful tools for elucidating the complicated morphologies of molecules with high molecular weights. Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), as a representative ATAC, underwent the regioselective multi‐deuteration of alkylamine moiety, except for α and β‐positions. Deuteration was performed under Pt/C and Ru/C‐catalyzed conditions in 2‐PrOH and D2O. The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) revealed the specific signals of multi‐deuterated DTAC in the silent region.
Metabolic demands and sexual dimorphism in human nasal morphology: A test of the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis
Authors: Kelly Alexa Pennavaria , Ocobock Cara , Butaric Lauren Nicole , Maddux Scott David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesAlthough ecogeographic variation in human nasal morphology is commonly attributed to climatic adaptation, recent research into the “respiratory‐energetics hypothesis” has suggested that metabolic demands for oxygen intake may influence overall nasal size. Here, we further test the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis and investigate potential interactions between metabolic and climatic pressures on human nasal morphology.Materials and MethodsThis study employed computed tomography (CT) scans of 79 mixed‐sex crania derived from an extreme cold‐dry locale (Point Hope, Alaska). In conjunction with basal metabolic rate (BMR, kcal/day) estimates derived from associated femoral head diameter measurements, 41 cranial three‐dimensional (3D) coordinate landmarks and 17 linear measurements were employed in multivariate analyses to test for associations between metabolic demands and nasal/facial morphology across and within the sexes.ResultsOverall nasal size was found to be significantly correlated with BMR both across and within the sexes, with higher metabolic demands predictably associated with larger noses. However, associations between BMR and overall nasal size were found to be predominantly driven by nasal passage height and length dimensions, with the Arctic sample exhibiting minimal (non‐dimorphic) variation in nasal passage breadths. Accordingly, significant correlations between BMR and 3D nasal shape were also identified.DiscussionOur study provides additional support for the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis, while providing insights into potential metabolic and climatic constraints on specific nasal dimensions. In particular, our results suggest that climatic pressures on nasal passage breadths for heat/moisture transfers may necessitate compensatory changes in passage heights (and developmentally‐linked lengths) to maintain sufficient air intake to meet metabolic requirements.
Nanodiamond‐promoted white light emission in Eu, Dy, and Cu‐containing phosphate glass: quantitative analysis and colorimetric study
Authors: Sendova Mariana , Jiménez José A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA thorough analysis of glass containing Eu2O3 and Dy2O3, or Eu2O3, Dy2O3, and CuO melted together with nanodiamond powder was pursued based on measurements of optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL) emission and excitation spectra, and colorimetry. Nanodiamond facilitated the stabilization of Cu+ and Eu2+ ions with blue‐emitting characteristics that, along with yellow‐emitting Dy3+ and red‐emitting Eu3+ led to the white light‐emitting glass. Novel intensity notations implemented in intensity‐based spectral ratios, and difference intensity correlation analysis were proposed for the assessment of PL properties. The chromaticity and correlated colour temperature of the emission were ultimately investigated as a two‐parametric problem based on: (1) the different ionic components; and (2) the various excitation wavelengths employed. The optical analysis approach adds to the characterization methods to further fundamental understanding and provide helpful analytical tools for designing materials for tunable white light‐emitting devices.
Sustainable supply chain management practices, dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage: Evidence from Bangladesh ready‐made garments industry
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Hasib , Razzak Mohammad Rezaur , Rahman Azmawani Abd 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ready‐made garments (RMG) production industry in Bangladesh has achieved a major presence in the global fashion apparel supply chain particularly due to the competitive advantage (CA) primarily attributed to its' large pool of low cost labor. However, the competitiveness of this industry is under threat from other emerging economies that are rapidly becoming lower cost production sources. As a result the Bangladesh RMG sector is under pressure to find alternate sources of CA by introducing sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices along with improving the dynamic capabilities (DC) of the RMG manufacturers. However, the extant literature indicates that there is a dearth of sufficient empirical evidence on whether SSCM practices in combination with improvements in management and technological capabilities of such enterprises leads to gains in CA. In order to address the aforesaid gap, this study draws on the integration of the SSCM practices view and the DC view, to propose a set of relationships that posit that environmental, social, and economic sustainability measures of SSCM practices along with management and technological capabilities will have a significant influence on CA. The hypotheses are tested by applying structural equation modeling on a sample of 345 export‐oriented RMG manufacturers in Bangladesh. The findings indicate that influence of social sustainability, along with management and technological capabilities, on CA is positive and significant. While the relationship between environmental and economic sustainability and CA were not significant.
Emotional intelligence and boundary‐spanning behavior among door‐to‐door salespeople
Authors: Yi Ho‐Taek , Amenuvor Fortune Edem 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on boundary‐spanning behavior, relationship quality, and performance among door‐to‐door salespeople. Data is collected from salespeople and customers of South Korean door‐to‐door cosmetics businesses and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings show that EI positively affects boundary‐spanning behavior. Similarly, boundary‐spanning behavior improves relationship quality, which improves both sales performance and customer satisfaction. This suggests that EI plays an important role in salespeople's boundary‐spanning behavior, thereby enhancing relationship quality, sales performance, and customer satisfaction. Unlike previous studies, this study makes use of actual sales volumes, salespeople's self‐reporting responses, and salespeople's customer‐reporting, which adds to the findings' uniqueness. The present study highlights that EI improves boundary‐spanning behavior, which is vital in developing relationship quality, improving sales performance, and increasing customer satisfaction. The study uses triadic data from door‐to‐door salespeople, customers, and sales organizations extensively, which is unusual in this field.
Reactivity of a Cationic Bismuth Amide towards Unsymmetric Heterocumulenes
Authors: Oberdorf Kai , Grenzer Patrick , Pfister Pauline , Hanft Anna , Rempel Anna , Lichtenberg Crispin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of a literature‐known, ring‐strained bismuth amide cation towards a range of unsymmetric heterocumulene substrates has been investigated. Reactions with ketenes R2C=C=O (R=Me, Ph), isocyanates R'N=C=O, and isothiocyanates R'N=C=S (R’=Ph, 4‐CF3‐C6H4) proceed via facile insertion of the heterocumulene in the Bi−N bond of the cationic bismuth amide. Unexpectedly pronounced differences in the regioselectivity of these insertion reactions have been observed, yielding a rich variety of heterocycle motifs (BiC2NC2, BiC2NCO, BiC2NCS, BiC2NCN), some of which are unprecedented. Parameters that control the regioselectivity of the insertion reactions have been identified and are discussed based on experimental and theoretical investigations. Analytical techniques applied in this work include heteronuclear and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
A comparison of population viability measures
Authors: Trouillier Mario , Meyer Katrin M. , Santini Luca , Pe'er Guy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe viability of populations can be quantified with several measures, such as the probability of extinction, the mean time to extinction, or the population size. While conservation management decisions can be based on these measures, it has not yet been explored systematically if different viability measures rank species and scenarios similarly and if one viability measure can be converted into another to compare studies. To address this challenge, we conducted a quantitative comparison of eight viability measures based on the simulated population dynamics of more than 4500 virtual species. We compared (a) the ranking of scenarios based on different viability measures, (b) assessed direct correlations between the measures, and (c) explored if parameters in the simulation models can alter the relationship between pairs of viability measures. We found that viability measures ranked species similarly. Despite this, direct correlations between the different measures were often weak and could not be generalized. This can be explained by the loss of information due to the aggregation of raw data into a single number, the effect of model parameters on the relationship between viability measures, and because distributions, such as the probability of extinction over time, cannot be ranked objectively. Similar scenario rankings by different viability measures show that the choice of the viability metric does in many cases not alter which population is regarded more viable or which management option is the best. However, the more two scenarios or populations differ, the more likely it becomes that different measures produce different rankings. We thus recommend that PVA studies publish raw simulation data, which not only describes all risks and opportunities to the reader but also facilitates meta‐analyses of PVA studies.
Targeted activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway by Corynoline alleviates osteoporosis development
Authors: Xu Tian‐hao , Lin Bing‐hao , Huang Cheng‐bin , Sun Jing‐yu , Tan Kai , Ma Run‐xun , Huang Yi‐xun , Weng She‐ji , Fang Wen‐lai , Chen Wei‐kai , Bai Bing‐li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOxidative stress is preferentially treated as a risk factor for the development and progression of osteoporosis. Corynoline as a component of Corydalis bungeana Turcz presents antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, the effects of Corynoline on osteoblasts following hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced injury were evaluated accompanied by the investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved. It was found that Corynoline downregulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and restored the osteogenic potential of the disrupted osteoblasts by H2O2 exposure. Furthermore, Corynoline was revealed to activate the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway, while ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) would prevent the Corynoline‐mediated positive effects on the disrupted osteoblasts. In terms of the animal experiments, Corynoline treatment contributed to a significantly alleviated bone loss. These findings indicate that Corynoline may significantly attenuate the H2O2‐induced oxidative damage of osteoblasts via the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway, providing novel insights to the development of treatments for osteoporosis induced by oxidative injury.
Do elections make you sick? Evidence from first‐time voters
Authors: Chang Hung‐Hao , Meyerhoefer Chad D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElections permit the continuance of democracy and enable economic development, but may have unintended effects on health. By applying a two‐part model with regression discontinuity design to administrative health care claims, we determine that elections increased health care use during legally specified campaign periods by as much as 19% for first‐time voters. Contrary to earlier studies focusing on mental health, we find higher spending on the treatment of physical health conditions, such as acute respiratory infections, gastrointestinal conditions and injuries. Levels of medical spending during campaign periods were highest in rural areas and among low‐to‐middle‐income men. Using data on campaign spending from local elections, we identify campaign rallies as one important mechanism for the transmission of disease. Our findings provide additional rationale for policies that limit campaign spending on the grounds that it is socially wasteful.
A novel strategy to optimize critical information on over the counter labels for older adults
Authors: Becker Mark W. , Kashy Deborah A. , Harben Alyssa , Venkatesan Krishnaa , Rodriguez Andrew , Kebede Matt , Martin Beth , Breslow Robert , Bix Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsLabels designed to communicate critical information are paramount for the safe and effective use of over‐the‐counter medications; in recognition of this, the content and formatting of over the counter (OTC) labels sold in interstate commerce has been regulated for decades. Yet, available studies suggest that consumers frequently rely on limited information during decision making, failing to access the information required in the Drug Facts Label. This is particularly important for older consumers, who are at greater risk for adverse reactions to medicines. In two experiments we objectively evaluate how novel label designs that employ highlighting and a warning label placed on the package's front impact older consumers' attention to, and use of, critical information.MethodsIn Experiment 1, 68 OTC patients (65+) engaged with a computer‐based task answering yes/no scenario‐based questions about a drug's appropriateness. In Experiment 2, 63 OTC patients (65+) conducted a forced‐choice task where one of two drugs presented on a computer screen was appropriate for a provided scenario while the other was not. Both tasks required participants to access and use critical label information (i.e., warnings or active ingredients) to respond correctly. Dependent variables analyzed were the proportion of correct responses and time to correct response.ResultsHighlighting or placing critical information on the front of the package significantly improved response accuracy and time to correct response in Experiment 1 as compared to responses utilizing the standard label. For Experiment 2, participants were faster and more accurate when critical information was highlighted.ConclusionsResults provide direct measures of the efficacy of novel labeling strategies. This information is relevant for regulations which dictate label design in ways that enhance ease and safety of use of medications for older adults.
A risk prediction model for head and neck cancers incorporating lifestyle factors, HPV serology and genetic markers
Authors: Budhathoki Sanjeev , Diergaarde Brenda , Liu Geoffrey , Olshan Andrew , Ness Andrew , Waterboer Tim , Virani Shama , Basta Patricia , Bender Noemi , Brenner Nicole , Dudding Tom , Hayes Neil , Hope Andrew , Huang Shao Hui , Hueniken Katrina , Kanterewicz Beatriz , McKay James D. , Pring Miranda , Thomas Steve , Wisniewski Kathy , Thomas Sera , Brhane Yonathan , Agudo Antonio , Alemany Laia , Lagiou Areti , Barzan Luigi , Canova Cristina , Conway David I. , Healy Claire M. , Holcatova Ivana , Lagiou Pagona , Macfarlane Gary J. , Macfarlane Tatiana V. , Polesel Jerry , Richiardi Lorenzo , Robinson Max , Znaor Ariana , Brennan Paul , Hung Rayjean J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHead and neck cancer is often diagnosed late and prognosis for most head and neck cancer patients remains poor. To aid early detection, we developed a risk prediction model based on demographic and lifestyle risk factors, human papillomavirus (HPV) serological markers and genetic markers. A total of 10 126 head and neck cancer cases and 5254 controls from five North American and European studies were included. HPV serostatus was determined by antibodies for HPV16 early oncoproteins (E6, E7) and regulatory early proteins (E1, E2, E4). The data were split into a training set (70%) for model development and a hold‐out testing set (30%) for model performance evaluation, including discriminative ability and calibration. The risk models including demographic, lifestyle risk factors and polygenic risk score showed a reasonable predictive accuracy for head and neck cancer overall. A risk model that also included HPV serology showed substantially improved predictive accuracy for oropharyngeal cancer (AUC = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92‐0.95 in men and AUC = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88‐0.95 in women). The 5‐year absolute risk estimates showed distinct trajectories by risk factor profiles. Based on the UK Biobank cohort, the risks of developing oropharyngeal cancer among 60 years old and HPV16 seropositive in the next 5 years ranged from 5.8% to 14.9% with an average of 8.1% for men, 1.3% to 4.4% with an average of 2.2% for women. Absolute risk was generally higher among individuals with heavy smoking, heavy drinking, HPV seropositivity and those with higher polygenic risk score. These risk models may be helpful for identifying people at high risk of developing head and neck cancer.