bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Wave Energy Converter in an Integrated Cylindrical Wave Energy Converter-Type Breakwater System
Authors: Ding Haoyu , Zang Jun , Jin Peng , Ning Dezhi , Zhao Xuanlie , Liu Yingyi , Blenkinsopp Chris , Chen Qiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWave energy converters (WECs) are built to extract wave energy. However, this kind of device is still expensive for commercial utilization. To cut down the cost of WECs by sharing the construction cost with breakwaters, an integrated cylindrical WEC-type breakwater system that includes a cylindrical WEC array in front of a very long breakwater is proposed to extract wave energy and attenuate incident waves. This paper aims to optimize the performance of the integrated cylindrical WEC-type breakwater system. A computational fluid dynamics tool, openfoam®, and a potential flow theory-based solver, HAMS®, are utilized. openfoam® provides viscosity corrections to a modified version of HAMS® in order to accurately and efficiently predict the integrated system’s performance. Parametric studies are conducted to optimize the integrated system, and a novel setup with an extra arc structure is found to significantly improve the performance of the integrated system.
Influence of Free Water Droplets on Film Formation Under Point Contact Grease Lubrication
Authors: Han Yiming , Sperka Petr , Wang Jing , Krupka Ivan , Hartl Martin , Li Weimin , Wang Xiaobo , Liu Weimin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The influence of the grease-water two-phase emulsion on the bearing tracks on the film formation has been studied by carrying out optical interferometry experiments on a ball disk test rig to observe the dynamic film-forming behavior of lubricating grease under steady-state and micro-oscillation conditions. It is found that free water causes a brief rise in the grease film under steady-state conditions, specifically due to the grease-water phase connecting the oil reservoirs on both sides. The experiment determines that the state of the phase before entering the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact is water-in-oil. For the reciprocating motion and oscillation, the effects of the amount of free water and the length of the motion stroke are discussed in detail. It is found that for reciprocating movements with long stroke lengths, the effect of free water is summarized to enhance the fluidity of the fibrous mass of the grease thickener in the first few cycles of the movement. For shorter stroke lengths, the effect of free water is a scouring effect on the contact zone grease after 100 cycles. This paper provides new insights into the effects that cause water pollution to the point of contact lubrication during the transformation from reciprocating motion to fretting.
Examining the levels of psychological support available to patients with haematological cancer in England: a mixed methods study
Authors: Brett Jo , Henshall Catherine , Dawson Paul , Collins Graham P , Ehlers Anke , Mitchell-Floyd Tracy , Aspinall Anya , Gilmour-Hamilton Catriona , Robinson Kate , Watson Eila 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe psychological impact of a haematological malignancy is well documented. However, few studies have assessed the provision of psychological support to people with these diagnoses. This study explores the extent and nature of psychological support for people diagnosed with haematological cancer to inform future service provision.DesignThis study consisted of an online survey with healthcare professionals (phase 1) and qualitative interviews with patients (phase 2) and key health professionals (phase 3). A descriptive analysis of survey data and thematic analysis of interviews were conducted.ParticipantsTwo hundred health professionals practising in England completed the survey. Twenty-five interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with haematological cancer in the past 3 years, and 10 with key health professionals, including haematologists, cancer nurse specialists and psychologists were conducted.Primary outcome measuresLevel of psychological assessment undertaken with people with haematological cancer, and level and nature of psychological support provided.ResultsLess than half (47.3%) of survey respondents strongly agreed/agreed that their patients were well supported in terms of their psychological well-being and approximately half (49.4%) reported providing routine assessment of psychological needs of patients, most commonly at the time of diagnosis or relapse. Patients described their need for psychological support, their experiences of support from health professionals and their experiences of support from psychological therapy services. There was considerable variation in the support patients described receiving. Barriers to providing psychological support reported by health professionals included time, skills, resources and patient barriers. Most doctors (85%) and 40% of nurse respondents reported receiving no training for assessing and managing psychological needs.ConclusionsPsychological well-being should be routinely assessed, and person-centred support should be offered regularly throughout the haematological cancer journey. Greater provision of healthcare professional training in this area and better integration of psychological support services into the patient care pathway are required.
Effects of a structured Tai Chi program on improving physical activity levels, exercise self-efficacy and health outcomes among pregnant women: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ma Nan , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Deng Yongfang , Choi Kai Chow 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionTai Chi is a traditional Chinese martial art developed over 300 years ago. Although studies report that Tai Chi benefits practitioners’ cardiovascular health, respiratory system and psychological outcomes, only limited studies have evaluated the effects of Tai Chi on pregnant women. More evidence is needed to examine the effects of a Tai Chi exercise programme among pregnant women.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of a 12-week theory-based Tai Chi programme on improving physical activity levels, exercise self-efficacy and health outcomes among pregnant women. A total of 136 low-risk pregnant women (68 per group) were recruited and randomly assigned to receive usual care or usual care with the Tai Chi programme consisting of two group-based educational sessions and three Tai Chi sessions over 3 months. A Tai Chi video was provided to the participants to facilitate self-practice at home. Outcomes including physical activity levels, exercise self-efficacy, weight gain, prenatal depressive symptoms and prenatal anxiety symptoms were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6th week after intervention commencement (T1) and 1 week after intervention completion (ie, post-intervention) (T2). Intention-to-treat analysis and generalised estimating equations model will be used to analyse repeated outcome measures.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Ref. 2022.043-T). Written consent was obtained from each participant. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200059920.
Listening effort and downstream effects due to hearing loss in children and young people: an online quantitative questionnaire-based observational study
Authors: Shields Callum Andrew , Sladen Mark , Rajai Azita , Guest Hannah , Bruce Iain , Kluk Karolina , Nichani Jaya 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe clinical application of listening effort (LE) is challenging due to the lack of consensus regarding measuring the concept. Correlational analysis between different measuring instruments shows conditional and weak relationships, indicating they capture different dimensions of LE. Current research has suggested possible links between LE and downstream consequences such as fatigue, stress and confidence. One way to clinically measure LE would be to focus on its corollaries. Further research is needed to explore whether tools used to measure these downstream effects can be applied to capture LE. This study explores using existing questionnaire-based outcome instruments to evaluate LE and its associated consequences in children and young people (CYP), with and without hearing loss.Methods and analysisOne hundred CYP aged 12–17 years with normal hearing and a range of hearing loss levels will be invited to complete a series of online questionnaires (Speech, Spatial and Qualities, Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale–Child, Perceived Stress Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and a hearing test (Digits in Noise). They will complete the questionnaires at two time points (1) at the end of arestday and (2) at the end of aworkday. Standard demographic and hearing health information will be collected. The sample size was determined pragmatically due to a lack of comparable published data to power the study. Tests are exploratory and for generating hypotheses; therefore, the standard criterion of p<0.05 will be used.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed within the funding organisation (Cochlear Research and Development Limited) by an independent and relevant peer reviewer/committee. This study has had a favourable ethics committee review by both NHS ethics and University of Manchester ethics. The study will be disseminated through newsletters, publication and presentations at conferences. The results will be made available to participants on request.
Safety and efficacy of autologous and allogeneic humanized CD19-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL
Authors: Song Fengmei , Hu Yongxian , Zhang Yanlei , Zhang Mingming , Yang Tingting , Wu Wenjun , Huang Simao , Xu Huijun , Chang Alex H , Huang He , Wei Guoqing 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundMurine chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated clinical benefit in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, the potential immunogenicity of the murine single-chain variable fragment domain may limit the persistence of CAR-T cell, leading to relapse.MethodsWe performed a clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of autologous and allogeneic humanized CD19-targeted CAR-T cell (hCART19) for R/R B-ALL. Fifty-eight patients (aged 13–74 years) were enrolled and treated between February 2020 and March 2022. The endpoints were complete remission (CR) rate, overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and safety.ResultsOverall, 93.1% (54/58) of patients achieved CR or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) by day 28, with 53 patients having minimal residual disease negativity. With a median follow-up of 13.5 months, the estimated 1-year OS and EFS were 73.6% (95% CI 62.1% to 87.4%) and 46.0% (95% CI 33.7% to 62.8%), with a median OS and EFS of 21.5 months and 9.5 months, respectively. No significant increase in human antimouse antibodies was observed following infusion (p=0.78). Duration of B-cell aplasia in the blood was observed for as long as 616 days, which was longer than that in our prior mCART19 trial. All toxicities were reversible, including severe cytokine release syndrome, which developed in 36% (21/58) of patients and severe neurotoxicity, which developed in 5% (3/58) of patients. Compared with our prior mCART19 trial, patients treated with hCART19 had longer EFS without increased toxicity. Additionally, our data also suggest that patients treated with consolidation therapy, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or CD22-targeted CAR-T cell, following hCART19 therapy had a longer EFS than those without consolidation therapy.ConclusionhCART19 has good short-term efficacy and manageable toxicity in R/R B-ALL patients.Trial registration numberNCT04532268.
Topological data analysis identifies molecular phenotypes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Shapanis Andrew , Jones Mark G , Schofield James , Skipp Paul 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating, progressive disease with a median survival time of 3–5 years. Diagnosis remains challenging and disease progression varies greatly, suggesting the possibility of distinct subphenotypes.Methods and resultsWe analysed publicly available peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression datasets for 219 IPF, 411 asthma, 362 tuberculosis, 151 healthy, 92 HIV and 83 other disease samples, totalling 1318 patients. We integrated the datasets and split them into train (n=871) and test (n=477) cohorts to investigate the utility of a machine learning model (support vector machine) for predicting IPF. A panel of 44 genes predicted IPF in a background of healthy, tuberculosis, HIV and asthma with an area under the curve of 0.9464, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.865 and a specificity of 0.89. We then applied topological data analysis to investigate the possibility of subphenotypes within IPF. We identified five molecular subphenotypes of IPF, one of which corresponded to a phenotype enriched for death/transplant. The subphenotypes were molecularly characterised using bioinformatic and pathway analysis tools identifying distinct subphenotype features including one which suggests an extrapulmonary or systemic fibrotic disease.ConclusionsIntegration of multiple datasets, from the same tissue, enabled the development of a model to accurately predict IPF using a panel of 44 genes. Furthermore, topological data analysis identified distinct subphenotypes of patients with IPF which were defined by differences in molecular pathobiology and clinical characteristics.
Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Common Cold: Evidence and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Shengxian , Su Wenquan , Fan Qinhua , Shang Hongcai , Xiao Wei , Wang Yongyan 
Published: February 2023

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a history of over 2000 years in treating infectious diseases, among which the clinical treatment of the common cold (colds) and influenza (flu) is the most widespread and well-established. It is difficult to tell the difference between a cold and the flu based on the symptoms alone. The flu vaccine protects against influenza, but there is no vaccine or specific medication to protect against the common cold. Due to the lack of a reliable scientific basis, TCM has not received sufficient attention in Western medicine. Therefore, we systematically evaluated the scientific evidence proving the efficacy of TCM intervention in treating colds for the first time by examining theoretical principles, clinical research, and pharmacological perspectives, as well as the mechanisms behind this efficacy. In TCM theory, there are four important external environmental factors that may cause a cold, which are called “cold, heat, dryness, and dampness”. The scientific basis for this theory has been described and will help researchers to understand and recognize its importance. The results of the systematic review of high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have shown that TCM is effective and safe for the treatment of colds. Therefore, TCM might be used as a complementary or alternative approach to cold treatment and management. Some clinical trials have demonstrated that TCM may have potential therapeutic effects in preventing colds and treating their sequelae. However, more high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials should be conducted in the future for further verification. Pharmacological studies have shown that active ingredients extracted from TCM for treating colds have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immune-regulating, and anti-oxidative properties. We expect that this review will guide the optimization and rationalization of TCM clinical practice and scientific research in the treatment of colds.
On dynamical behavior for approximate solutions sustained by nonlinear fractional damped Burger and Sharma–Tasso–Olver equation
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Prasad Raj Shekhar 
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we study a nonlinear fractional Damped Burger and Sharma–Tasso–Olver equation using a new novel technique, called homotopy perturbation transform method (FHPTM). There are three examples used to demonstrate and validate the proposed algorithm’s efficiency. This nonlinear model depicts nonlinear wave processes in fluid dynamics, ecology, solid-state physics, shallow-water wave propagation, optical fibers, fluid mechanics, plasma physics, and other applied science, engineering, and mathematical physics disciplines, as well as other phenomena. Numerous algebraic properties of the fractional derivative Caputo–Fabrizio operator are illustrated concerning the Laplace transformation to demonstrate their utility. Different graphs and tables compare the results obtained by R. Nawaz et al. [Alex. Eng. J. 60, 3205 (2021)] and M. S. Rawashdeh [Appl. Math. Inform. Sci. 9, 1239 (2015)]. The proposed scheme accelerates the convergence of the series solution and guarantees the convergence associated with the homotopy parameter. Furthermore, the physical nature of various fractional orders has been captured in plots. The obtained results demonstrate that the employed solution procedure is dependable and methodical in investigating the behaviors of nonlinear models of both integer and fractional orders.
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of WOrk-Related Questionnaire for UPper Extremity Disorders (WORQ-UP)
Authors: SHARIYATE Mohammad Javad , BEUMER Annechien , KACHOOEI Amir R. 
Published: February 2023

Background: We aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the WOrk-Related Questionnaire for UPper extremity disorders (WORQ-UP) questionnaire in a working population with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: We enrolled 181 patients with upper extremity conditions to complete the Persian WORQ-UP. A total of 35 patients returned after 1 week to complete the questionnaire again. To test the construct validity, patients responded to the Persian Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (Quick-DASH) at the first visit. The correlation between Quick-DASH and the WORQ-UP was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Internal consistency (IC) was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, and test–retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.630 (p < 0.001), indicating a strong correlation between Quick-DASH and WORQ-UP. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.970, which is considered excellent. ICC for the total score of the Persian WORQ-UP was 0.852 (0.691–0.927), indicating good to excellent reliability. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the Persian version of the WORQ-UP questionnaire has excellent reliability and IC. Construct validity showed a moderate to strong correlation between WORQ-UP and Quick-DASH, which provides a platform for the workers’ population to assess the extent of disability and follow the progress along the treatment course. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Diagnostic)
The Aesthetic Outcomes of Fingertip Amputation Are Better with Proximal Nail Fold Recession
Authors: SAMANTARAY Srikant Aruna , KALATHINGAL Kader , MUHAMMED Hafiz 
Published: February 2023

Background: There are numerous flaps described for the treatment of fingertip amputation. Most flaps do not address the shortened nail resulting from amputation. Proximal nail fold (PNF) recession is a simple procedure that exposes the hidden portion of the nail and improves the aesthetic appearance of an amputated fingertip. The aim of this study is to measure the size and aesthetic outcomes of the nail following fingertip amputation in patients treated with PNF recession compared to those treated without PNF recession. Methods: This study was conducted between April 2016 and June 2020 and included patients with a digital-tip amputation who underwent a local flap or shortening closure for reconstruction. All suitable patients were counselled for PNF recession. In addition to demographic, injury and treatment data, the length and area of the nail were measured. The outcomes were assessed at a minimum of 1 year after surgery and included measurement of the size of the nail, patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes. A comparison of the outcomes was done between patients who underwent PNF recession versus those who did not. Results: Out of 165 patients treated for fingertip injury, 78 underwent PNF recession (Group A) and 87 did not undergo PNF recession (Group B). In Group A, the nail length was 72.54% (SD: 14.4) and the nail plate area was 74.35% (SD: 13.96) compared to the contralateral uninjured nail. These results were significantly better (p = 0.000) compared to Group B where the values were 36.49% (SD: 8.45) and 35.8% (SD: 8.4), respectively. The patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome scores were also significantly higher in Group A patients (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The size and aesthetic outcomes of the nail following fingertip amputation in patients treated with PNF recession are better compared to those treated without PNF recession. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Intraosseous Schwannoma of the Distal Phalanx
Authors: WADA Shuntaro , SATO Kotaro , MIMATA Yoshikuni , DOITA Minoru 
Published: February 2023

Intraosseous schwannomas are extremely rare and only a few cases involving the proximal phalanx and metacarpal of the hand have been reported. We report a patient with an intraosseous schwannoma of the distal phalanx. Radiographs showed lytic lesions in the bony cortex and enlarged soft shadows of the distal phalanx. The lesion was hyperintense to fat on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and strongly enhanced after gadolinium (Gd) administration. Surgical findings revealed that the tumour had developed from the palmar side of the distal phalanx and the medullary cavity was filled with a yellow tumour. The histological diagnosis was schwannoma. A definitive diagnosis of intraosseous schwannoma using radiography is difficult. In our case, a high signal was observed on Gd-enhanced MRI and histological findings showed areas with a high cellular area. Thus, Gd-enhanced MRI may help in the diagnosis of intraosseous schwannomas of the hand. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
NE Canada Rifted Margin Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and Labrador Sea
Authors: Abdelmalak M. Mansour , Polteau Stéphane , Planke Sverre , Faleide Jan Inge , Lebedeva-Ivanova Nina , Myklebust Reidun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The NE Canada Rifted Margin (NCRM) Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) developed during a long and complex history that produced two tectono-sedimentary elements (TSEs): (1) the pre-rift TSE of pre-Cretaceous age; and (2) the synrift TSE of Early Cretaceous–Paleocene age. The pre-rift TSE includes the oldest and most poorly known offshore sedimentary accumulations that mainly evolved in a cratonic setting. In contrast, Cretaceous–lower Paleocene sedimentary basins of the synrift TSE are known from several wells, seismic data, outcrops and seabed samples, and their extent and distribution are mapped in most parts of the margin. The synrift TSE is the most prospective part of the margin, and hydrocarbon shows have been documented in some wells and offshore seeps studies. This review provides insights into the Paleozoic–Cenozoic evolution of the NE Canada rifted margin in the Labrador Sea, Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. In this context, we discuss structural inheritance and rift development, and account for confirmed and potential hydrocarbon systems and plays.