bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors for postoperative mortality in acute type A aortic dissection patients under different critical levels
Authors: Zhu Xiyu , Wang Junxia , Chong Hoshun , Jiang Yi , Fan Fudong , Pan Jun , Cao Hailong , Xue Yunxing , Wang Dongjin , Zhou Qing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe built up a risk stratification model to divide acute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) patients into low- and high-risk groups, further, to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative mortality. A total of 1364 patients from 2010 to 2020 in our center were retrospectively analyzed. More than twenty clinical variables were related with postoperative mortality. The postoperative mortality of the high-risk patients was doubled than the low-risk ones (21.8% vs 10.1%). The increased operation time, combined coronary artery bypass graft, cerebral complications, re-intubation, continuous renal replacement therapy and surgical infection were risk factors of postoperative mortality in low-risk patients. In addition, postoperative lower limbs or visceral malperfusion were risk factors, axillary artery cannulation and moderate hypothermia were protective factors in high-risk patients. A scoring system for quick decision-making is needed to select appropriate surgical strategy in aTAAD patients. For low-risk patients, different surgical treatments can be performed with similar clinical prognosis. Limited arch treatment and appropriate cannulation approach are crucial in high-risk aTAAD patients.
Testing pseudotopological and nontopological models for SMC-driven DNA loop extrusion against roadblock-traversal experiments
Authors: Barth Roman , Pradhan Biswajit , Kim Eugene , Davidson Iain F. , van der Torre Jaco , Peters Jan-Michael , Dekker Cees 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDNA loop extrusion by structural-maintenance-of-chromosome (SMC) complexes has emerged as a primary organizing principle for chromosomes. The mechanism by which SMC motor proteins extrude DNA loops is still unresolved and much debated. The ring-like structure of SMC complexes prompted multiple models where the extruded DNA is topologically or pseudotopologically entrapped within the ring during loop extrusion. However, recent experiments showed the passage of roadblocks much bigger than the SMC ring size, suggesting a nontopological mechanism. Recently, attempts were made to reconcile the observed passage of large roadblocks with a pseudotopological mechanism. Here we examine the predictions of these pseudotopological models and find that they are not consistent with new experimental data on SMC roadblock encounters. Particularly, these models predict the formation of two loops and that roadblocks will reside near the stem of the loop upon encounter—both in contrast to experimental observations. Overall, the experimental data reinforce the notion of a nontopological mechanism for extrusion of DNA.
The relationship between heart rate variability and TNM stage, co-morbidity, systemic inflammation and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer
Authors: McGovern Josh , Leadbitter Stephen , Miller Gillian , Hounat Adam , Kamande Irvine , Dolan Ross D. , Horgan Paul G. , Chang David K. , Jamieson Nigel B. , McMillan Donald C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh vagal nerve activity, reliability measured by HRV, is considered protective in cancer, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and opposing sympathetic nerve activity. The present monocentric study examines the relationship between HRV, TNM stage, co-morbidity, systemic inflammation and survival in patients who underwent potentially curative resections for colorectal cancer (CRC). Time-domain HRV measures, Standard Deviation of NN-intervals (SDNN) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), were examined as categorical (median) and continuous variables. Systemic inflammation was determined using systemic inflammatory grade (SIG) and co-morbidity using ASA. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) and was analysed using Cox regression. There were 439 patients included in the study and the median follow-up was 78 months. Forty-nine percent (n = 217) and 48% (n = 213) of patients were categorised as having low SDNN (< 24 ms) and RMSSD (< 29.8 ms), respectively. On univariate analysis, SDNN was not significantly associated with TNM stage (p = 0.830), ASA (p = 0.598) or SIG (p = 0.898). RMSSD was not significantly associated with TNM stage (p = 0.267), ASA (p = 0.294) or SIG (p = 0.951). Neither SDNN or RMSSD, categorical or continuous, were significantly associated with OS. In conclusion, neither SDNN or RMSSD were associated with TNM stage, ASA, SIG or survival in patients undergoing potentially curative surgery for CRC.
Microscopic ordering of supercooled water on the ice basal face
Authors: Mochizuki Kenji , Murata Ken-ichiro , Zhang Xuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGrowth of ice crystals is ubiquitous around us, but we still do not know what is occurring at the forefront of crystallization. In general, the interfacial structure is inseparably involved in the microscopic ordering during crystal growth. However, despite its importance in nature and technology, the intrinsic role of the interfacial structure in the melt growth of ice remains to be elucidated. Here, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we comprehensively explore how supercooled water molecules are incorporated into the ice basal face. Structural and dynamic characterizations of the ice-water interface demonstrate that the ice basal face is sharp at the molecular level and its growth proceeds layer-by-layer through two-dimensional nucleation without any intermediate structures. We further quantify the crossover from layerwise to adhesive growth, called kinetic roughening, with the height difference correlation and the normal growth rate analysis. Moreover, we identify the presence of an ultra-low density water layer in contact with the structural interface, which assists two-dimensional nucleation at a small amount of supercooling without involving any triggers, such as dislocations.
Spatial distribution of sedimentary DNA is taxon-specific and linked to local occurrence at intra-lake scale
Authors: Wang Yi , Wessels Martin , Pedersen Mikkel Winther , Epp Laura S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnvironmental archives, such as lake sediments, harbour DNA of past and present ecosystems. However, our understanding of the provenance, deposition and distribution of sedimentary DNA in lake systems is largely unknown, limiting the breadth of derived spatiotemporal inferences. By mapping the distribution of aquatic and terrestrial taxa in a large deep lake using metabarcoding, we characterise the spatial heterogeneity of sedimentary DNA and point to its potential driving factors. Taxa composition varies across geographic gradients in the lake, and spatial distribution of DNA is linked to the range and life mode of organisms. Exogenous taxa, such as alpine plants, have the most reliable detection near the mouth of the inflow. Our data reveal that sedimentary DNA is reflecting the mosaic distribution of organisms and organic remains in the environment, and a single location from lakes with watersheds across different elevations, biomes or other diversity boundaries does not capture the full dynamics in the surrounding area.
Tanning Chemistry: The Science of Leather
Authors: Covington Anthony D , Wise William R 
Published: May 2023

This book offers a state-of-the-art view of leather making, based on the scientific principles underpinning the technology. In particular, it contributes to the understanding of the modern leather industry, allowing practitioners to make judgements about day-to-day problems in the tannery and how change can be applied in a predictable way. Major themes running through the book are the economics and environmental impact of leather making and how these will ensure the sustainability of the industry.
This second edition of Tony Covington’s Tanning Chemistry is a revision, update and extension in collaboration with a new co-author, Will Wise. The update reflects the advances made in the past decade, including a discussion of the impact of new information concerning the chemistry of sulfide. The original chapters have been re-organised and new chapters on novel modes of reagent delivery and the principles of finishing are now included. Enzymology is addressed as a separate topic, as are environmental impact and the future of leather.
The book will be useful to all those involved in the supply chain, from farm, through students, chemical suppliers and tanners, to leather goods brands. Leather science is the key to understanding leather technology, to make it work, to make it work better and to keep it ahead of the competition.
Biocatalysis in Organic Synthesis: The Retrosynthesis Approach
Authors: Turner Nicholas J , Humphreys Luke 
Published: May 2023

The application of biocatalysis in organic synthesis is rapidly gaining popularity amongst chemists. Compared to traditional synthetic methodologies biocatalysis offers a number of advantages in terms of enhanced selectivity (chemo-, regio-, stereo-), reduced environmental impact and lower cost of starting materials. Together these advantages can contribute to more sustainable manufacturing processes across a wide range of industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to biofuels. The biocatalytic toolbox has expanded significantly in the past five years and given the current rate of development of new engineered biocatalysts it is likely that the number of available biocatalysts will double in the next few years.
This textbook gives a comprehensive overview of the current biocatalytic toolbox and also establishes new guidelines or rules for “biocatalytic retrosynthesis”. Retrosynthesis is a well known and commonly used technique whereby organic chemists start with the structure of their target molecule and generate potential starting materials and intermediates through a series of retrosynthetic disconnections. These disconnections are then used to devise a forward synthesis, in this case using biocatalytic transformations in some of the key steps. Target molecules are disconnected with consideration for applying biocatalysts, as well as chemical reagents and chemocatalysts, in the forward synthesis direction. Using this textbook, students will be able to place biocatalysis within the context of other synthetic transformations that they have learned earlier in their studies. This additional awareness of biocatalysis will equip students for the modern world of organic synthesis where biocatalysts play an increasingly important role.
In addition to guidelines for identifying where biocatalysts can be applied in organic synthesis, this textbook also provides examples of current applications of biocatalysis using worked examples and case studies. Tutorials enable the reader to practice disconnecting target molecules to find the ‘hidden’ biocatalytic reactions which can be applied in the synthetic direction. The book contains a complete description of the current biocatalyst classes that are available for use and also suggests areas where new enzymes are likely to be developed in the next few years. This textbook is an essential resource for lecturers and students studying synthetic organic chemistry. It also serves as a handy reference for practicing chemists who wish to embed biocatalysis into their synthetic toolbox.
Engineering heterostructured Ti4O5/BaTiO3 ferroelectric by surface reconstruction for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Su Ran , Sun Zhitong , He Chao , Wei Suna , Chen Lanju , Zhang Dawei , Wang Zhipeng , An Xingtao , Li Fatang 
Published: May 2023

The epitaxial ferroelectric heterostructure Ti4O5/BaTiO3 is constructed by surface reconstruction engineering, which induces the band bending of Ti4O5 and improves the photoexcited electron–hole pair separation and CO2 reduction performance.
TLWSR: Weakly supervised real‐world scene text image super‐resolution using text label
Authors: Shi Qin , Zhu Yu , Fang Chuantao , Yang Dawei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScene text image super‐resolution (STISR) has recently received considerable attention. Existing STISR methods are applicable to the situation that all the LR‐HR pairs are available. However, in real‐world scenarios, it is difficult and expensive to collect ground‐truth HR labels and align them with LR images, and thus it is essential to find a way to implement weakly supervised learning. We investigate the STISR problem in the situation that only a subset of HR labels is available and design a weak supervision framework using coarse‐grained text labels named TLWSR, which combines incomplete supervision and inexact supervision. Specifically, a lightweight text recognition network and connectionist temporal classification loss are used to guide the super‐resolution of text images during training. Extensive experiments on the benchmark TextZoom demonstrate that TLWSR generates distinguishable text images and exceeds the fully supervised baseline TSRN in boosting text recognition accuracywith only 50% HR labels available. Meanwhile, TLWSR can be applied to different super‐resolution backbones and significantly improves their performance. Furthermore, TLWSR shows good generalization capability to low‐quality images on scene text recognition benchmarks, which verifies the effectiveness of this framework. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first work exploring the problem of STISR in weakly supervised scenarios.
Die Blut-Augen-Schranken und ihre Störungen: Anatomie, Physiologie, Pathologie
Authors: Braunger Barbara M. , Gießl Andreas , Schlötzer-Schrehardt Ursula 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Blut-Augen-Schranken, bestehend aus Blut-Kammerwasser-Schranke (BKS) und Blut-Retina-Schranke (BRS), bilden eine selektiv permeable physiologische Barriere zwischen der stark
vaskularisierten Uvea und dem Vorderkammer- und Glaskörperraum sowie der sensorischen Netzhaut aus. Diese Barrieren schützen vor dem Eindringen von Toxinen und Krankheitserregern aus dem
Blutkreislauf, kontrollieren den Protein- und Flüssigkeitshaushalt und tragen aktiv zum Erhalt des okulären Immunprivilegs bei. Morphologisches Korrelat der Blut-Augen-Schranken sind Tight
Junctions zwischen benachbarten Endothel- und Epithelzellen, die den Interzellularraum abdichten und eine unkontrollierte parazelluläre Diffusion von Molekülen verhindern. Die BKS besteht
aus den Tight Junctions der Endothelzellen der Irisgefäße, der Endothelzellen der Innenwand des Schlemm-Kanals und der Epithelzellen des unpigmentierten Ziliarepithels; die BRS setzt sich
aus den Tight Junctions der Endothelzellen der retinalen Gefäße (innere BRS) und des retinalen Pigmentepithels (äußere BRS) zusammen. Während endotheliale Schranken eine absolute
immunologische Barriere darstellen, fungieren epitheliale Schranken als immunregulatorische „Gatekeeper“, die Leukozyten kontrolliert passieren lassen. Funktionelle Störungen der
Blut-Augen-Schranken, klinisch messbar mittels Laser-Flare-Photometrie oder Fluorophotometrie, können im Rahmen traumatischer, entzündlicher und infektiöser Prozesse auftreten, sind aber
auch an der Pathophysiologie chronischer Erkrankungen des vorderen Augenabschnitts, wie Glaukom, und der Netzhaut, wie diabetischer Retinopathie und altersbedingter Makuladegeneration,
zentral beteiligt.
Effect of Calcium Channel Blocker on Labor Curve in Pregnant Individuals with Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Barake Carole , Seagraves Elizabeth , Huang Jim C. , Baraki Dana , Donaldson Thomas , Abuhamad Alfred , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to compare the labor progress between individuals who received calcium channel blocker (CCB) and those who did not receive CCB during labor.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of individuals with chronic hypertension who underwent vaginal delivery at a tertiary care center from January 2010 to December 2020. We excluded individuals with prior uterine surgeries and a 5-minute Apgar score of less than 5. We used a repeated-measures regression with a third-order polynomial function to compare the average labor curves according to antihypertensive medication. Estimates of the median (5th–95th percentile) traverse times between two dilations were computed using interval-censored regression.
Results Of 285 individuals with chronic hypertension, 88 (30.9%) received CCB. Individuals who received CCB during labor compared with those who did not were more likely to deliver at earlier gestational age and to have pregestational diabetes and superimposed preeclampsia (p  < 0.01). The progress of labor in the latent phase was not found to be significantly different between both groups (median: 11.51 vs. 8.74 hours; p = 0.08). However, after stratification by parity, nulliparous individuals who received CCB during labor were more likely to have a longer latent phase of labor (median: 14.4 vs. 8.5 hours; p  = 0.03)
Conclusion A calcium channel blocker may slow the latent phase of labor in individuals with chronic hypertension. Aiming to minimize intrapartum iatrogenic interventions, allowing adequate time for pregnant individuals during the latent phase of labor is especially important if individuals are on a calcium channel blocker.
Key Points
Nasopalpebral Lipoma sine Coloboma Syndrome—First Case Report
Authors: Cheruvu Ved Prakash Rao , Khan Manal M. , Arora Madhuri , Chaudary Vikas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome was described for the first time in 1982. It is an autosomal dominant syndrome with complete penetrance and is characterized by features like congenital symmetric upper eyelid and nasopalpebral lipomas, bilateral symmetric upper and lower eyelid colobomas, broad forehead, widow's peak, abnormal eyebrow pattern, telecanthus, broad nasal bridge, maxillary hypoplasia, and ophthalmological abnormalities. We report a case of a milder variant of the nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome that we have termed “nasopalpebral lipoma sine coloboma syndrome.” Such a milder variant is not reported hitherto in the literature. We also describe the surgical correction of the deformity in a case that presented in adulthood, with a satisfactory and pleasing aesthetic outcome.
Salvage Options for the Failed Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Authors: Brash Andrew , Robin Joseph X. , Kugelman David , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) has been referred to as the operation of the century given its success and predictable improvement in quality of life. With the increase in number of THAs performed every year, there is a concomitant rise in the incidence of revision and re-revision surgeries. Failure of THA and revision hip arthroplasty may occur due to a variety of reasons, often in older patients with multiple comorbidities. Revision procedures in this setting are associated with worse outcomes as they are often complicated by limited bone stock and poor soft tissue and bone quality, making reconstruction more challenging. The purpose of this review is to discuss modern techniques for limb salvage following failed THA in the setting of significant bone loss. These include proximal femur replacement, total femur replacement, hip resection arthroplasty, and hip disarticulation.
The Bikini Approach is Safe and Effective for Direct Anterior Approach THA
Authors: Weiner Travis R. , Neuwirth Alexander L. , Geller Jeffrey A. , Shah Roshan P. , Hickernell Thomas R. , Cooper H. John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConventional incision orientation for direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA) is longitudinal, paralleling fibers of the tensor fascia latae. Alternatively, a “bikini” incision can be oriented along Langer's lines. We sought to determine if there were any differences in surgical site complications (SSCs), mechanical complications, or reoperation between longitudinal and bikini DAA. We retrospectively reviewed 420 consecutive primary DAA THA by a single surgeon over a 2-year period. The surgeon was experienced with both incision orientations. Complications were recorded by chart review. Chi-square tests were used to examine for differences between categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Longitudinal incisions were used in 320 patients (76.2%) while bikini incisions were used in 100 patients (23.8%). Women were significantly more likely to have a bikini incision (39.1% vs. 5.8%; p < 0.00001). Across the entire cohort, patients undergoing THA through either longitudinal or bikini incision had comparable rates of SSCs (4.7% vs. 5.0%; p = 0.90). With longitudinal incisions, SSCs were more likely to occur in obese patients compared with nonobese patients (8.3% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.04). With bikini incisions, there was no difference in the rate of SSCs between obese and nonobese patients (4.0% vs. 5.3%; p = 0.79). There were no differences in mechanical complications or rates of reoperation (0.3% vs. 0.0%; p = 0.58). Both longitudinal and bikini incisions are safe and effective ways to perform the DAA for primary THA, with no differences in rates of SSCs, mechanical complications, or reoperation. For obese patients in this series, the bikini incision was associated with a lower rate of SSCs but requires future study due to dissimilar study groups.
Using the interest theory of rights and Hohfeldian taxonomy to address a gap in machine learning methods for legal document analysis
Authors: Izzidien Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRights and duties are essential features of legal documents. Machine learning algorithms have been increasingly applied to extract information from such texts. Currently, their main focus is on named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, and the classification of court cases to predict court outcome. In this paper it is argued that until the essential features of such texts are captured, their analysis can remain bottle-necked by the very technology being used to assess them. As such, the use of legal theory to identify the most pertinent dimensions of such texts is proposed. Specifically, the interest theory of rights, and the first-order Hohfeldian taxonomy of legal relations. These principal legal dimensions allow for a stratified representation of knowledge, making them ideal for the abstractions needed for machine learning. This study considers how such dimensions may be identified. To do so it implements a novel heuristic based in philosophy coupled with language models. Hohfeldian relations of ‘rights-duties’ vs. ‘privileges-no-rights’ are determined to be identifiable. Classification of each type of relation to accuracies of 92.5% is found using Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Testing is carried out on religious discrimination policy texts in the United Kingdom.