bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of Compassionate Health Care Practice and Associated Factors in Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa from patient’s perspective: cross sectional study
Authors: Tadesse Elias Teshome , Soboka Dawit Regasa , Debelew Gurmesa Tura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCompassionate health care is lauded as a cornerstone of quality healthcare by patients, families, clinicians, and policy makers. Compassionate Care’ within the healthcare setting has received much attention globally, following concerns that healthcare often fails at a fundamental level.ObjectiveTo assess Status of compassionate health care practice and associated factors in public hospitals of Addis Ababa.MethodsInstitution based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A structured and prtested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from 605 study participants. Study participant was selected using a systematic sampling technique by allocating a proportion sample to each hospitals. The data was entered with Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify associated factors. P values < 0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance.ResultThe status of compassioante health care practice was found to be 42.6% [(95% CI: 39.0%-47.0%)]. Covariates such as: relatively higher education [AOR = 0.534 (95% CI 0.305-0.934)], Not married [AOR=0.561 (95% CI 0.330-0.955)], government employee [AOR=2.178 (95% CI 1.071-4.430)], Room accommodation comfortability [AOR=0.309 (95% CI 0.178-0.535)], and Cleanness of toilet [AOR=2.158 (95% CI 1.326-3.513)] had statistically significant association with compassionate health care practice.ConclusionThe status of compassionate health care practice was found to be low compared to similar study conducted with in and out of Ethiopia. Compassionate health care practice was significantly associated with educational s, occupation, marital status, cleanness of toilet, and room accommodation comfortability. Therefore, health workers, Hospitals and Addis Ababa health bureau should understand these weak areas and plan for a better service delivery to compassionate care.
The Role of Vaccine Status Homophily in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey with Modeling
Authors: Are Elisha B. , Card Kiffer G. , Colijn Caroline 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundVaccine homophily describes non-heterogeneous vaccine uptake within contact networks. This study was performed to determine observable patterns of vaccine homophily, associations between vaccine homophily, self-reported vaccination, COVID-19 prevention behaviours, contact network size, and self-reported COVID-19, as well as the impact of vaccine homophily on disease transmission within and between vaccination groups under conditions of high and low vaccine efficacy.MethodsResidents of British Columbia, Canada, aged ≥16 years, were recruited via online advertisements between February and March 2022, and provided information about vaccination status, perceived vaccination status of household and non-household contacts, compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, and history of COVID-19. A deterministic mathematical model was used to assess transmission dynamics between vaccine status groups under conditions of high and low vaccine efficacy.ResultsVaccine homophily was observed among the 1304 respondents, but was lower among those with fewer doses (p<0.0001). Unvaccinated individuals had larger contact networks (p<0.0001), were more likely to report prior COVID-19 (p<0.0001), and reported lower compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines (p<0.0001). Mathematical modelling showed that vaccine homophily plays a considerable role in epidemic growth under conditions of high and low vaccine efficacy. Further, vaccine homophily contributes to a high force of infection among unvaccinated individuals under conditions of high vaccine efficacy, as well as elevated force of infection from unvaccinated to vaccinated individuals under conditions of low vaccine efficacy.InterpretationThe uneven uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and the nature of the contact network in the population play important roles in shaping COVID-19 transmission dynamics.
The Mediating Role of Body Mass Index in the Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and 10-year risk of CVD: a counterfactual mediation analysis
Authors: Xie Zechun , Wang Ling , Sun Mengzi , Wang Rui , Liu Yan , Li Jing , Wang Xuhan , Guo Ruirui , Wang Yuxiang , Li Bo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDietary with higher inflammatory potential are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk over the next decade, while studies have shown body mass index (BMI) to be one of the mediators between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and multiple diseases such as depression and diabetes. However, the role of BMI in the association between DII and 10-year risk of CVD is unclear.MethodsStudy based on 14,355 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants’ diet, obesity level and CVD risk were assessed using the DII, BMI and Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Linear regression and counterfactual model were used to analyze this relationship.ResultsParticipants on a pro-inflammatory diet had a higher risk of CVD over the next ten years compared to participants on an anti-inflammatory diet. Counterfactual models showed a 34.0% partial mediating role of BMI in this relationship, most particularly in males (17.3%) and non-elderly (28.6%-100%).ConclusionInflammatory diet adversely affects cardiovascular risk, a large part of which operates through BMI, especially in males and non-elderly populations. These findings are beneficial in facilitating research on the mechanisms of diet-related inflammation on CVD.
Comparison of Rupture Risk Between Saccular and Fusiform Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using a National Clinical Database in Japan
Authors: Ozawa Hirotsugu , Takahashi Arata , Bessho Ryuzo , Hoshina Katsuyuki , Shukuzawa Kota , Ohki Takao 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSaccular AAAs are thought to pose an elevated risk of rupture, but not much is known about the extent of this risk. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a survey of saccular abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and to compare the risk of rupture between fusiform and saccular AAAs.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study on patients who underwent primary endovascular repair for a degenerative AAA between 2016 and 2019, and who were registered in the National Clinical Database in Japan.ResultsA total of 27,290 patients were included in the study. Of these, 7.8 % (n=2142) had saccular AAAs and the remaining 92.2% (n = 25,148) were fusiform. In addition, 4.3% (n = 92) of saccular AAAs and 5.4% (n = 1351) of fusiform AAAs were ruptured. Saccular AAAs ruptured at smaller dimeters than fusiform AAAs (median, 55.6 mm vs 68.0 mm, p < 0.001), and were operated on at smaller diameters than fusiform AAAs in non-ruptured cases (median, 44.0 mm vs 51.0 mm, p < 0.001). The rupture rate was significantly higher in saccular AAAs than in fusiform AAAs in the 40-54 mm diameter range, in which saccular morphology was found to be an independent risk factor for rupture by adjusting for gender and aneurysm diameter (odds ratio, 2.54, 95% confidence interval, 1.75-3.69). In addition, receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed that the cut-off diameter to predict rupture was smaller in saccular AAAs than in fusiform AAAs (50.5 mm and 59.5 mm, respectively).ConclusionSaccular AAAs are more prone to rupture than fusiform AAAs in the 40-54 mm diameter range, which supports the idea that saccular AAAs should be treated at smaller diameters. The 9.0 mm difference in the predicted diameters for the rupture between fusiform and saccular AAAs suggests that the threshold diameter for intervention of saccular AAAs can be set approximately 1 cm smaller than that of fusiform AAAs.Clinical PerspectiveWhat Is New?Saccular abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) ruptured at smaller dimeters than fusiform AAAs (median, 55.6 mm vs 68.0 mm, p < 0.001), and receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed that the cut-off diameter to predict rupture was smaller in saccular AAAs than in fusiform AAAs (50.5 mm and 59.5 mm, respectively).In AAAs with a dimeter of 40-54 mm, saccular morphology turned out to be an independent risk factor for rupture by adjusting for gender and aneurysm diameter (odds ratio, 2.54, 95% confidence interval, 1.75-3.69).What Are the Clinical Implications?Saccular AAAs are more prone to rupture than fusiform AAAs in the 40-54 mm diameter range, which supports the current idea that saccular AAAs should be treated at smaller diameters.The 9.0 mm difference in the predicted diameters for the rupture between fusiform and saccular AAAs suggests that the threshold diameter for intervention of saccular AAAs can be set approximately 1 cm smaller than that of fusiform AAAs.
“One more tool in the tool belt”: A qualitative interview study investigating patient and clinician opinions on the integration of psychometrics into routine testing for disorders of gut-brain interaction
Authors: Law Mikaela , Bartlett Esme , Sebaratnam Gabrielle , Pickering Isabella , Simpson Katie , Keane Celia , Daker Charlotte , Gharibans Armen , O’Grady Greg , Andrews Christopher N. , Calder Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsychological comorbidities are common in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) and are often linked with poorer patient outcomes. Likewise, extensive research has shown a bidirectional association between psychological factors and gastrointestinal symptoms, termed the gut-brain axis. Consequently, assessing and managing mental wellbeing, in an integrated care pathway, may lead to improvements in symptoms and quality of life for some patients. This study aimed to explore patients’ and gastroenterology clinicians’ opinions on integrating psychometrics into routine DGBI testing.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 patients with a gastroduodenal DGBI and 19 clinicians who see and treat these patients. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive, reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree key clinician themes were developed: (1) psychology as part of holistic care, emphasising the importance of a multidisciplinary approach; (2) the value of psychometrics in clinical practice, highlighting their potential for screening and expanding management plans; and (3) navigating barriers to utilising psychometrics, addressing the need for standardisation and external handling to maintain the therapeutic relationship. Four key patient themes were also developed: (1) the utility of psychometrics in clinical care, reflecting the perceived benefits; (2) openness to psychological management, indicating patients’ willingness to explore psychological treatment options; (3) concerns with psychological integration, addressing potential stigma and fear of labelling; and (4) the significance of clinician factors, emphasising the importance of clinician bedside manner, knowledge, and collaboration.ConclusionsThe themes generated from the interviews indicated that patients and clinicians see value in integrating psychometrics into routine DGBI testing. Despite potential barriers, psychometrics would advance the understanding of a patient’s condition and facilitate holistic and multidisciplinary management. Recommendations for navigating challenges were provided, and considering these, patients and clinicians supported the use of psychometrics as mental health screening tools for patients with gastroduodenal DGBIs.
Private Practice Infectious Disease: Metro Infectious Disease Consultants
Authors: Petrak Russell , Fliegelman Robert , Van Hise Nicholas , Chundi Vishnu , Didwania Vishal , Han Alice , Harting Brian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the stimulating nature of infectious diseases (ID), fellowship programs have failed, on a yearly basis, to fill multiple positions. In addition, numerous entities have published information showing that infectious disease physicians are poorly reimbursed compared to their colleagues in other specialties and likely to feel overwhelmed. To assess the status of our ID group and define opportunities for improvement, Metro Infectious Disease Consultants (MIDC) conducted an internal audit. Eighty-nine percent of employees and 94% of partners were satisfied or very satisfied with MIDC. In addition, based on a Medscape survey, MIDC employees received financial compensation that was 18% greater and partners 235% greater than the average for all ID physicians. A private practice model of infectious diseases is a viable, lucrative, and professionally stimulating option to other ID models. This allows for enhanced lifestyle flexibility and should be viewed by potential ID applicants as a realistic and widely available option to practice this dynamic specialty.
The Impact of Sleep on Breast Cancer-Specific Mortality: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: Hayes Bryony L , Fleming Leanne , Mahmoud Osama , Martin Richard M , Lawlor Deborah A , Robinson Timothy , Richmond Rebecca C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe relationship between sleep traits and survival in breast cancer is uncertain and complex. There are multiple biological, psychological and treatment-related factors that could link sleep and cancer outcomes. Previous studies could be biased due to methodological limitations such as reverse causation and confounding. Here, we used two-sample mendelian randomisation (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between sleep and breast cancer mortality.Publicly available genetic summary data from females of European ancestry from UK Biobank and 23andme and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium were used to generate instrumental variables for sleep traits (chronotype, insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, napping, daytime-sleepiness, and ease of getting up (N= 446,118-1,409,137)) and breast cancer outcomes (15 years post-diagnosis, stratified by tumour subtype and treatment (N=91,686 and Ndeaths=7,531 over a median follow-up of 8.1 years)). Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the robustness of analyses to MR assumptions.Initial results found some evidence for a per category increase in daytime-sleepiness reducing overall breast cancer mortality (HR=0.34, 95% CI=0.14, 0.80), and for insomnia symptoms reducing odds of mortality in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancers not receiving chemotherapy (HR=0.18, 95% CI=0.05, 0.68) and in patients receiving aromatase inhibitors (HR=0.23, 95% CI=0.07, 0.78). Importantly, these relationships were not robust following sensitivity analyses meaning we could not demonstrate any causal relationships.This study did not provide evidence that sleep traits have a causal role in breast cancer mortality. Further work characterising disruption to normal sleep behaviours and its effects on tumour biology, treatment compliance and quality of life are needed.
Association of Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential with Incident Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Reiner Alex P. , Roberts Mary B. , Honigberg Michael C. , Kooperberg Charles , Desai Pinkal , Bick Alexander G. , Natarajan Pradeep , Manson JoAnn E. , Whitsel Eric A. , Eaton Charles B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) was recently identified as a risk factor for incident heart failure (HF). Whether CHIP is associated selectively with risk of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) subtypes is unknownObjectivesTo evaluate whether CHIP is associated with incident HF subtypes, HFrEF versus HFpEF.MethodsWe obtained CHIP status from whole genome sequencing of blood DNA in participants without prevalent HF from a multi-ethnic sample of post-menopausal women without prevalent HF (N=5,214) from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Cox proportional hazards models were performed, adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors.ResultsCHIP was significantly associated with a 42% (95%CI 6%, 91%) increased risk of HFpEF (P=0.02). In contrast, there was no evidence of association between CHIP and risk of incident HFrEF. When the three most common CHIP subtypes were assessed individually, the risk of HFpEF was more strongly associated with TET2 (HR=2.5; 95%CI 1.54, 4.06; P<0.001), than DNMT3A or ASXL1.ConclusionCHIP, particularly mutations inTET2, represents a potential new risk factor for incident HFpEF.
Transcription dosage compensation does not occur in Down syndrome
Authors: Hunter Samuel , Dowell Robin D. , Hendrix Josephina , Freeman Justin , Allen Mary A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, describes the genetic condition of having an extra copy of chromosome 21. The increase in DNA copy number has led to the "DNA dosage hypothesis", which claims that the level of gene transcription is proportional to the gene’s DNA copy number. Yet many reports have suggested that a proportion of chromosome 21 genes are dosage compensated back towards typical expression levels (1.0x). In contrast, other reports suggest that dosage compensation is not a common mechanism of gene regulation in Trisomy 21, providing support to the DNA dosage hypothesis.ResultsIn our work, we use both simulated and real data to dissect the elements of differential expression analysis that can lead to the appearance of dosage compensation even when compensation is demonstrably absent. Using lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from a family of an individual with Down syndrome, we demonstrate that dosage compensation is nearly absent at both nascent transcription (GRO-seq) and steady-state RNA (RNA-seq) levels.ConclusionsTranscriptional dosage compensation does not occur in Down syndrome. Simulated data containing no dosage compensation can appear to have dosage compensation when analyzed via standard methods. Moreover, some chromosome 21 genes that appear to be dosage compensated are consistent with allele specific expression.
Daily Activity Profiles over the Lifespan of Female Medflies as Biomarkers of Aging and Longevity
Authors: Chen Han , Müller Hans-Georg , Rodovitis Vasilis G. , Papadopoulos Nikos T. , Carey James R. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the early age activity of Mediterranean fruit flies or other fruit flies and their lifespan has not been much studied, in contrast to the connections between lifespan and diet, sexual signaling and reproduction. The objective of this study is to assess intraday and day-to-day activity profiles of female Mediterranean fruit flies and their role as biomarker of longevity as well as to explore the relationships between these activity profiles, diet and age-at-death throughout the lifespan. Three distinct patterns of activity variations in early age activity profiles can be distinguished. A low-caloric diet is associated with a delayed activity peak, while a high-caloric diet is linked with an earlier activity peak. We find that age-at-death of individual medflies is connected to their activity profiles in early life. An increased risk of mortality is associated with increased activity in early age, as well as with a higher contrast between daytime and nighttime activity. Conversely, medflies are more likely to have a longer lifespan when they are fed a medium caloric diet and when their daily activity is more evenly distributed across the early age span and between daytime and nighttime. The before-death activity profile of medflies displays two characteristic before-death patterns, where one pattern is characterized by slowly declining daily activity and the other by a sudden decline in activity that is followed by death.
Inhibition of CPEB3 ribozyme elevates CPEB3 protein expression and polyadenylation of its target mRNAs, and enhances object location memory
Authors: Chen Claire C. , Han Joseph , Chinn Carlene A. , Rounds Jacob S. , Li Xiang , Nikan Mehran , Myszka Marie , Tong Liqi , Passalacqua Luiz F. M. , Bredy Timothy W. , Wood Marcelo A. , Lupták Andrej 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA self-cleaving ribozyme that maps to an intron of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3) gene is thought to play a role in human episodic memory, but the underlying mechanisms mediating this effect are not known. We tested the activity of the murine sequence and found that the ribozyme’s self-scission half-life matches the time it takes an RNA polymerase to reach the immediate downstream exon, suggesting that the ribozyme-dependent intron cleavage is tuned to co-transcriptional splicing of theCPEB3mRNA. Our studies also reveal that the murine ribozyme modulates maturation of its harboring mRNA in both cultured cortical neurons and the hippocampus: inhibition of the ribozyme using an antisense oligonucleotide leads to increased CPEB3 protein expression, which enhances polyadenylation and translation of localized plasticity-related target mRNAs, and subsequently strengthens hippocampal-dependent long-term memory. These findings reveal a previously unknown role for self-cleaving ribozyme activity in regulating experience-induced co-transcriptional and local translational processes required for learning and memory.Significance StatementCytoplasmic polyadenylation-induced translation is one of the key steps for regulating protein synthesis and neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. The CPEB3 ribozyme is a highly conserved mammalian self-cleaving catalytic RNA with unknown biological roles. In this study, we investigated how the intronic ribozyme affects theCPEB3mRNA maturation and translation, and its subsequent effect on memory formation. Our findings show that the ribozyme activity is anti-correlated withCPEB3mRNA splicing: inhibition of the ribozyme results in higher mRNA and protein levels, which contribute to long-term memory. Our studies offer new insights into the role of the CPEB3 ribozyme in neuronal translational control for the activity-dependent synaptic functions that underlie long-term memory and demonstrate a novel biological role for self-cleaving ribozymes.