bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafine CeNi Nanoparticles on SBA‐15 Coke Suppressing Catalyst for Tar Elimination in Biomass Gasification Processes
Authors: Ojeda Manuel , Golding Jacob L. , Andresen John M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUltrafine CeNi SBA‐15 supported tar removal catalysts were developed using a combined process of ethylene glycol (EG) assisted ball‐mill dispersion protocol that retained the integrity of the SBA‐15 support. The synergy of ball mill and ethylene‐glycol addition achieved a remarkable high Ni dispersion of nano‐particle size below 3 nm which improved Ni performance on reforming of toluene as a tar model compound formed during biomass gasification. This new protocol enabled the synthesis of ultrafine CeNi supported catalysts leading to an >99 % toluene conversion as model tar compound where the Ce addition virtually removed all coke formation that lead to inhibition of the Ni only catalyst.
A Combined Study on Degradation Mechanism of Reactive Orange 16 through Fenton‐like Process: Experimental Studies and Density Functional Theoretical Findings
Authors: Yildiz Sayiter , Topal Canbaz Gamze , Kaya Savaş , Maslov Mikhail M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, the removal efficiency of Reactive orange 16 (RO16) azo dyes from aqueous solution with different Fenton reactions (Fenton/photo‐Fenton/sono‐Fenton/ sono‐photo‐Fenton) were investigated. For optimum conditions, the effects of variables such as H2O2, Fe2+, reaction time, pH and dye concentration on the oxidation process were investigated. In addition, the interaction between Fenton reagents and the dye molecule was revealed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Important quantum chemical parameters reflecting the reactivity of the studied dye were calculated. Effective RO16 degradation was achieved by Fenton oxidation at conditions of 100 mg L−1 H2O2, 10 mg L−1 Fe2+, 100 mg L−1 dye concentration, 3 pH and 30 minutes. While the degradation efficiency with Fenton process was 97.77 %, it reached 98.78 %, 98.31 % and 98.22 % when UV−A, UV−B and UV−C lights were applied respectively. In the sono‐Fenton process application, the degradation efficiency was determined as 97.96 %. The degradation of RO16 by sono‐photo‐Fenton was 96.12 %, 96.13 % and 96.83 % under different lamps (UV−A, UV−B and UV−C), respectively. In addition, in the kinetic study, it was determined that each process complies with the zeroth‐order kinetics. To see the nature and power of the interaction between hydroxyl radical and RO16, important quantum chemical parameters of Conceptual Density Functional Theory were calculated and their effects on degradation process were discussed as detailed. Degradation mechanism was highlighted in the light of DFT calculations.
Formation of Arsenic Minerals in Aqueous Media During Electrocoagulation using Iron Electrodes
Authors: Davaasambuu Sarangerel , Chuluunsukh Delgersaikhan , Amarsanaa Altangerel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractComplex solid residuals can form during the electrocoagulation of arsenic from aqueous media based on the characteristics of the electrochemical system and cooccurring processes, such as adsorption, hydrolysis, chemical precipitation, and flotation. Herein, we study the composition and behaviors of solid residuals produced after electrocoagulation with iron electrodes in various solution media at pH 3, 7 and 10. The instrumental analysis including FTIR, XRD and SEM show that different minerals were formed by electrocoagulation depending on the pH of the solution, and they included scorodite (FeAsO4⋅2H2O), symplesite (Fe3(AsO4)2⋅8H2O), and parasymplesite (Fe3(AsO4)2⋅8H2O) under acidic conditions; scorodite and kaatialaite (Fe(H2AsO4)3⋅5H2O) under neutral conditions; and scorodite, symplesite, parasymplesite, and schneiderhoehnite (FeFe3As5O13) under alkaline conditions. The behaviors of solid residues on distilled water and acidic and alkaline solutions show that adsorption and chemical precipitation occurred simultaneously during the electrocoagulation of arsenic in aqueous media in the different reaction media.
Early and Late‐Stage Functionalization of Cage Systems: Stereochemically Divergent Synthesis of Oxa‐cages via Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Nandan Chaurasia Usha , Ansari Saima 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVarious oxa‐cages involving early or late‐stage functionalization sequence produced stereodivergent targets. A common intermediate has been aimed via two different routes and the stereochemical outcome of these paths are different. Our results are unambiguously established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of six crystal structures involved in the synthetic sequence.
Obtaining a Refractory Geopolymer Based on Clays and Seashells
Authors: Lennin Sánchez‐Chicas Jorge , Jiménez‐Islas Hugo , Alberto Quintana‐Hernández Pedro , Caudillo‐Ramírez Martin , María Martínez‐González Gloria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of a refractory geopolymer with excellent thermal and mechanical properties to develop materials that resist temperatures above 1000 °C has become a challenge in recent years. The production of a refractory material involves the combination of clays and alkaline substances, whose formulation produces an improvement in the final properties of the refractory material. In this work, we report a Taguchi L18 design to synthesize a refractory geopolymer that exhibits the highest compressive strength, based on two natural clays from Mexico, seashells, sodium silicate and water. The prepared mixture was molded to form mini bricks, which were cured for 24 hours at room temperature. Subsequently, the bricks were dried for 4 days, and we evaluated the effect of temperature at 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to calcination between 900 °C and 1200 °C to determine the resistance to both thermal and mechanical fracture via compression. The highest thermal resistance and compressive strength were obtained with a geopolymer formulated with 7.5 % seashells, 38.2 % Tepozán‐Bauwer clay, 30.0 % Kaolin clay, 20 % commercial sodium silicate and 4.3 % water, which was dried at 40 °C. The compressive strength was 7.28 MPa (74.2 kgf /cm2), and the thermal resistance was up to 1200 °C. In the FTIR analysis of the geopolymers calcined at 1200 °C, the influence of calcium was observed by the bands of the 800–1200 cm−1 region, where there was a greater distribution since the Si−O− bond was added. Ca was found at 950 cm−1. By adding CaCO3 in the form of seashells, the presence of the anorthite mineral phase (CaAl2Si2O8) can be identified, which originates from the degradation of calcium carbonate crystals (calcite, vaterite and aragonite) of the identified seashells using XRD. The synthesized geopolymer has potential use in the refractory and ceramic materials industry.
Boron Trifluoride‐Mediated Synthesis of Oxazole N‐oxides
Authors: Mityanov Vitaly S. , Podrezova Alexandra G. , Kutasevich Anton V. , Pytskii Ivan S. , Khrustalev Victor N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new synthetic protocol for the preparation of oxazole N‐oxides in the form of stable boron trifluoride complexes has been developed. It is based on the condensation of α‐diketone monooximes with an appropriate aldehyde component in the presence of an equimolar amount of boron trifluoride. The method opens access to a broad scope of derivatives including previously unknown 2‐unsubstituted oxazole N‐oxides. Its abilities were demonstrated via the synthesis of 25 diverse oxazole derivatives in 14–89 % yields.
A Series of Dipeptide Derivatives Containing (S)‐5‐Oxo‐pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid Conjugates: Design, Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis, in vitro Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Tivari Sunil R. , Kokate Siddhant V. , Gayke Manoj S. , Ahmad Iqrar , Patel Harun , Kumar Siva G. , Jadeja Yashwantsinh S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUtilizing the solid phase peptide synthesis protocol, we have designed and prepared a novel dipeptide library containing (S)‐5‐oxopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid moiety. All the newly synthesized dipeptides were characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as elemental analysis. Furthermore, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the synthesized dipeptide conjugates were evaluated. Two Gram‐positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the screened derivatives. In contrast to the standard drug Ampicillin, the targeted derivatives exhibited good antibacterial activity. Additionally, two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the target dipeptides. The targeted derivatives also exhibited good antifungal activity compared to the standard drug Nystatin. In continuous, the molecular docking study of the targeted derivatives was also carried out, which revealed that the dipeptide analogs showed encouraging binding interaction networks with Escherichia coli DNA gyrase B and lanosterol‐14 alpha demethylase resulting in antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively. Such synthesis, biological evolution, and molecular docking study of peptide derivatives with oxopyrrolidine conjugates open the door for the future development of new therapeutics containing heterocycle and peptide hybrids with potency as antimicrobial agents.
Preparation of Nx−Fe/Fe3C/KVO3 composites by heat treatment for high‐performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Xing Junjie , Wang Xiaohan , Zhang Yu , Fu Xiuli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCementite (Fe3C) as a special iron‐carbon alloy has excellent electrical conductivity, while its electron‐rich iron‐carbon bonds provide potential electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance. In this work, novel Nx−Fe/Fe3C/KVO3 composites were obtained by simple heat treatment using K−V−Fe Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) nanocubes as precursors. The residual nitrogen after heat treatment using Prussian blue can introduce new C−N active sites, which can further improve the OER performance of these composites. The KVO3 can also synergize with Nx−Fe/Fe3C, thus requiring an overpotential of 359.9 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm−2 at a sweep rate of 2 mV ⋅ s−1. Moreover, the Tafel slope of these electrocatalysts is only 32.9 mV ⋅ dec−1, indicating its high‐speed OER reaction kinetic process. This work provides a new idea for constructing Fe3C composite with other materials and will promote the development of non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution.
Potential Heterogeneous Catalysts from Three Biogenic Residues toward Sustainable Biodiesel Production: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Tunji Oloyede Christopher , Olatayo Jekayinfa Simeon , Olanrewaju Alade Abass , Ogunkunle Oyetola , Timothy Laseinde Opeyeolu , Oyejide Adebayo Ademola , Veza Ibham , Rizwanul Fattah Islam Md. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe cost and difficulty in the preparation of synthetic heterogeneous base catalysts is the main barrier to their use. Today, the majority of these catalysts are derived from biomass resources. This study aimed at developing and characterizing these catalysts from three biogenic residues for biodiesel production without catalyst support. The EDS indicated the variation of Na, K, Mg, and Ca, having aggregates of 67.45, 83.15, and 76.85 % in calcined‐ periwinkle shell‐ash (CPWSA), ‐melon seed‐husk ash (CMSHA) and ‐locust bean pod ash (CLBPA), respectively. XRD revealed the presence of sodium oxide (Na2O), calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K2O), and magnesium oxide (MgO) in the catalysts at 800 °C. The FTIR showed the presence of C=O, C−H, and O−H bonds in the catalyst samples. The basicity values of CPWSA, CMSHA, and CLBPA are 11.65, 10.41, and 11.62, respectively. The developed catalysts were used to synthesize biodiesel from palm kernel oil.
Thickness‐Independent Capacitive Performance of Holey Ti3C2Tx Film Prepared through a Mild Oxidation Strategy
Authors: Guo Rui , Yuan Peng , Han Xiying , He Xuexia , Lu Jiangbo , Li Qi , Dang Liqin , Sun Jie , Liu Zonghuai , Lei Zhibin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Ti3C2Tx film with metallic conductivity and high pseudo‐capacitance holds profound promise in flexible high‐rate supercapacitors. However, the restacking of Ti3C2Tx sheets hinders ion access to thick film electrodes. Herein, a mild yet green route has been developed to partially oxidize Ti3C2Tx to TiO2/Ti3C2Tx by introducing O2 molecules during refluxing the Ti3C2Tx suspension. The subsequent etching away of these TiO2 nanoparticles by HF leaves behind numerous in‐plane nanopores on the Ti3C2Tx sheets. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that longer oxidation time of 40 min yields holey Ti3C2Tx (H‐Ti3C2Tx) with a much shorter relax time constant of 0.85 s at electrode thickness of 25 µm, which is 89 times smaller than that of the pristineTi3C2Tx film (75.58 s). Meanwhile, H‐Ti3C2Tx film with 25 min oxidation exhibits less‐dependent capacitive performance in film thickness range of 10–84 µm (1.63–6.41 mg cm−2) and maintains around 60% capacitance as the current density increases from 1 to 50 A g−1. The findings clearly demonstrate that in‐plane nanopores not only provide more electrochemically active sites, but also offer numerous pathways for rapid ion impregnation across the thick Ti3C2Tx film. The method reported herein would pave way for fabricating porous MXene materials toward high‐rate flexible supercapacitor applications.
Self‐Propulsion Mode Switching of a Briggs–Rauscher Droplet
Authors: Kuze Masakazu , Kubodera Yujin , Hashishita Hiromi , Matsuo Muneyuki , Nishimori Hiraku , Nakata Satoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutocatalysis induces nonlinearity in chemical and/or biological systems, and is important for understanding the emergence of life in nature. To enhance the autonomy of self‐propulsion in an open system, we introduced a Briggs–Rauscher (BR) reaction into self‐propelled droplet systems. In this study, a droplet composed of a BR solution in an oil phase containing a monoolein surfactant exhibited various types of motion, that is, continuous, oscillatory, and no motions of the droplet. The motions observed depended on the concentrations of potassium iodate and hydrogen peroxide in the BR solution. These results indicated that the driving force in this system was generated by the reaction between monoolein and one of the intermediates of the BR reaction, iodine. Our system can contribute to the establishment of a novel biomimetic object in which the autocatalytic process acts as a key factor for inducing various types of motion.
Comparative efficacy and safety of restrictive versus liberal transfusion thresholds in anemic preterm infants: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fu Xiaoling , Zhao Xingdan , Weng Aihan , Zhang Qian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe comparative efficacy and safety of restrictive with liberal transfusion thresholds remain controversial in anemic preterm infants. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these two transfusion thresholds for anemic preterm infants. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing restrictive with liberal transfusion thresholds in anemic preterm infants through April 30, 2022. Two independent investigators screened literature, extracted data, and appraised the methodological quality of eligible studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan version 5.3.5. Twelve RCTs with 4380 preterm infants were included. Liberal transfusion threshold significantly increased the level of hemoglobin after transfusion (mean difference (MD): −10.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): −15.98 to −4.08; p=0.001; I2=94%) and hematocrit (MD: −3.62; 95%CI: −6.78 to −0.46; p=0.02; I2=80%) compared with restrictive transfusion. Infants’ age at first transfusion in restrictive transfusion group was higher than that of infants in liberal transfusion group (MD: 5.08; 95%CI: 2.27 to7.89; p=0.004; I2=54%); however, restrictive transfusion was associated with more time on supplemental oxygen (MD: 3.56; 95%CI: 1.93 to 5.18; p<0.001; I2=62%) and ventilator or CPAP (MD: 3.31; 95%CI: 1.42 to 5.20; p=0.006; I2=75%). For the remaining outcomes, two transfusion strategies were comparable. Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the level of hemoglobin after transfusion, age at first transfusion, time on ventilator or CPAP, and safety outcomes. Evidence with substantial heterogeneity indicates that liberal and restrictive transfusion thresholds are effective and safe blood cell transfusion strategies in anemic preterm infants, but the liberal strategy may be more effective in shortening the length of necessary respiratory support.
The impact of the parameters of the constitutive model on the distribution of strain in the femoral head
Authors: Wronski Sebastian , Wit Adrian , Tarasiuk Jacek , Lipinski Pawel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rapid spread of the finite element method has caused that it has become, among other methods, the standard tool for pre-clinical estimates of bone properties. This paper presents an application of this method for the calculation and prediction of strain and stress fields in the femoral head. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the considered anisotropy and heterogeneity of the modeled bone on the mechanical fields during a typical gait cycle. Three material models were tested with different properties of porous bone carried out in literature: a homogeneous isotropic model, a heterogeneous isotropic model, and a heterogeneous anisotropic model. In three cases studied, the elastic properties of the bone were determined basing on the Zysset-Curnier approach. The tensor of elastic constants defining the local properties of porous bone is correlated with a local porosity and a second order fabric tensor describing the bone microstructure. In the calculations, a model of the femoral head generated from high-resolution tomographic scans was used. Experimental data were drawn from publicly available database “Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human Project.” To realistically reflect the load on the femoral head, main muscles were considered, and their contraction forces were determined based on inverse kinematics. For this purpose, the results from OpenSim packet were used. The simulations demonstrated that differences between the results predicted by these material models are significant. Only the anisotropic model allowed for the plausible distribution of stresses along the main trabecular groups. The outcomes also showed that the precise evaluation of the mechanical fields is critical in the context of bone tissue remodeling under mechanical stimulations.
The latence of the European colonial past
Authors: Patel Kiran Klaus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe history of European integration, even if yet a rather minor sub-field, has seen a good deal of developments in the last two decades. New scholars have joined the field and new topics of research have been considered. Megan Brown’s The Seventh Member State is an impressive contribution to the literature. The book does not only demonstrate that a main goal of the European Economic Community was to rescue the imperial nation-state, but illustrates the point by means of considering the complex relationship between France and Algeria, also marked by Algeria becoming part of the territory of the European Economic Community. As Brown shows, this had lasting effects, especially after Algeria’s independence. Doubts, however, can be raised regarding the extent to which the title of the book is not a trifle exaggerated. Not least because Algeria was never offered the status of member state, but remained subordinated to France. If its territory was part of the EEC, it was indeed as a result of the peculiar status assigned to Algeria under French law. In addition, it could be argued that the conclusions of the book would have been strengthened if a wider set of archives and literature would have been consulted (Dutch and German, and above all Algerian literature).
The latence of the European colonial past: a reply by the author
Authors: Brown Megan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn The Seventh Member State, I show that imperial concerns were central to the original shape of the European Communities, in particular French anxieties about Algeria. The latter had been imagined by several generations of French as an extension of the metropole across the Mediterranean, while at the same time a majority of the population was not granted citizenship rights. While in 1951 France opted for the exclusion of Algeria from the territory of the Coal and Steel Community, in 1957 the strategy followed was the opposite, and Algeria was made part of the EEC, not least because this seemed to reinforce French claim that the territory was part of France and, perhaps above all, it rendered possible to obtain the financial support of the other five founding states for costly Algerian development projects. Labelling Algeria a seventh member state, as is done in the title of the book, calls the attention of the reader not only to the sweeping expanse of postwar European institutions, which lasted even after states such as Algeria gained independence, but also to the contestable and contested conception of Member State. Mainly intended as a piece in French history, the book illuminates the extent to which Europe was the main vehicle of the rescue of the imperial nation-state, and how white supremacy and colonial rule were maintained through a peculiar combination of the rule of law and states of emergency.
Mechanism, External Purposiveness, and Object Individuation: from Mechanism to Teleology in Hegel's Science of Logic
Authors: Koch Karen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article is an investigation into Hegel's claim that teleology is the truth of mechanism, which Hegel puts forward in the objectivity section in the Science of Logic. Contrary to most accounts of this section of the Logic, I make a case for a reading of Hegel's conception of external purposiveness according to which the latter makes a positive contribution to the structural development of the concepts of the Logic. I argue that external purposiveness plays a major role in understanding the Hegelian claim of teleology as the truth of mechanism. More specifically, I argue that structures of external purposiveness provide the conditions for the individuation of mechanical objects.