bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study for the isolation of Eimeria spp. oocysts from environmental straw samples in comparison with individual faecal examination of fattening calves
Authors: Bauer Jessica , Kaske Martin , Oehm Andreas , Schnyder Manuela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe diagnosis of eimeriosis in calves mainly relies on the presence of diarrhoea and the excretion of Eimeria oocysts in the faeces. Restraining the animals to collect rectal samples for diagnostic purposes is stressful and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate a method for the quantification of oocysts in environmental barn straw samples. To investigate the recovery rate of the method, straw and Eimeria negative faeces were spiked with Eimeria oocysts in plastic bags and mixed with water and 0.05% Tween 20 (v/v); the liquids were filtered twice through sieves (mesh size 300 and 52 μm), centrifuged and the number of oocysts in the sediment determined using a McMaster counting chamber. A recovery rate of 52.4% (95% confidence interval: 48.2–56.5%) was obtained. In the following, field straw (n = 156) and individual faecal samples (n = 195, also analysed by McMaster counting chambers) were collected on four different farms. Eimeria oocysts were present on all farms in faecal (84/195, 43.1%) and straw samples (119/156, 76.3%). In 37 (23.7%) straw samples, sporulated oocysts were observed, with a sporulation rate ranging from 0 to 40%. Despite high variability between farms and examination days, mean numbers of oocysts in the straw positively correlated with mean numbers of oocysts excreted in the faeces (ρSpearman = 0.60). The examination of environmental straw samples may represent an easy-to-perform, non-invasive, inexpensive preliminary diagnostic approach for surveillance of eimeriosis at group level, having the potential to assess the infection pressure.
Automated segmentation of porous thermal spray material CT scans with predictive uncertainty estimation
Authors: Martinez Carianne , Bolintineanu Dan S. , Olson Aaron , Rodgers Theron , Donohoe Brendan , Potter Kevin M. , Roberts Scott A. , Pokharel Reeju , Forrest Stephanie , Moore Nathan W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThermal sprayed metal coatings are used in many industrial applications, and characterizing the structure and performance of these materials is vital to understanding their behavior in the field. X-ray computed tomography (CT) enables volumetric, nondestructive imaging of these materials, but precise segmentation of this grayscale image data into discrete material phases is necessary to calculate quantities of interest related to material structure. In this work, we present a methodology to automate the CT segmentation process as well as quantify uncertainty in segmentations via deep learning. Neural networks (NNs) have been shown to excel at segmentation tasks; however, memory constraints, class imbalance, and lack of sufficient training data often prohibit their deployment in high resolution volumetric domains. Our 3D convolutional NN implementation mitigates these challenges and accurately segments full resolution CT scans of thermal sprayed materials with maps of uncertainty that conservatively bound the predicted geometry. These bounds are propagated through calculations of material properties such as porosity that may provide an understanding of anticipated behavior in the field.
The use of artificial neural networks in the determination of soil grain composition
Authors: Sekuła Klaudia , Karłowska-Pik Joanna , Kmiecik Ewa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper presents the possibility of using data mining tools — artificial neural networks — in prediction of hydrometer reading after 24 h in order to limit the duration of the test to 4 h. The authors analysed a database of 693 granulometric composition analysis results of genetically different soils with the use of radial basis function network (RBF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The calculations performed showed that it is possible to use MLP to shorten the test time without affecting the quality of the results. The presented accuracy of the model, in the range of 0.55–0.72, allows one to determine the content of silt and clay fractions with an accuracy of 0.49% for equivalent diameter (dT) and 1.50% for percentage of all particles with a diameter smaller than dT (ZT). The results were better than that achieved using linear re-gression models with all predictors (REG), stepwise regression models (SREG), and classification and regression trees (CRT). Taking into account the uncertainty of hydrometric determinations, the obtained forecast values is lower than this uncertainty, therefore neural networks can be used to predict the results of this type of research.
Screening for colorectal cancer
Authors: Gartlehner Gerald , Schernhammer Eva , Lax Sigurd F. , Preusser Matthias , Bachler Herbert , Titzer Harald , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Turnher Helga , Siebert Uwe 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Background
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in Austria. To date, colorectal cancer screening in Austria remains opportunistic and includes colonoscopy or stool-based blood tests. The Austrian National Committee for Cancer Screening developed evidence-based recommendations for a nationwide organized colorectal cancer screening program.

Methods
The methodological framework followed the approach of the United States Preventive Services Task Force. The evidence base underlying the newly developed recommendations comprised a review of the existing published evidence and a decision analytic model tailored to the Austrian context. Using a structured process, committee members considered 1) the magnitude of the net benefit of each screening strategy, 2) the certainty of evidence, and 3) the level of acceptance of the interventions among the target population.

Recommendations
The Austrian National Committee for Cancer Screening recommends the implementation of a nationwide organized colorectal cancer screening program for all adults aged 45–75 years. For persons 65 years or older, screening decisions should occur on an individual basis in accordance with a person’s overall health, prior screening history, and preferences.
Specifically, the committee recommends either a 10-year screening colonoscopy or biennial fecal immunochemical tests with colonoscopy following a positive result, with both screening strategies considered equivalent. Each citizen should be able to make an informed decision about their preferred screening method. Switching between the two screening strategies should be possible. Following an unremarkable colonoscopy, screening by fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is only required after 10 years. Screening recommendations apply only to asymptomatic persons at average risk for colorectal cancer.
The screening program must be pilot tested, and accompanied by a public information campaign, formative evaluation, quality assurance, and data collection.
Influence of the L/D ratio on the rotary coefficients of a submarine
Authors: Kim Howan , Ranmuthugala Dev , Renilson Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAt the early design stage of a submarine, it is necessary to have a good estimate of the linear manoeuvring coefficients, or derivatives. These are necessary to determine the required size of any appendages to achieve the desired level of motion stability and controllability. Various empirical methods exist to make such estimates, including the influence of appendages. However, methods do not exist to predict the linear rotary coefficients (i.e. $${Y}_{r}^{^{\prime}}$$

Y

r

′

and $${N}_{r}^{^{\prime}}$$

N

r

′

) for a bare hull. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the values of the linear rotary coefficients for an axisymmetric underwater body as functions of Length to Diameter (L/D) ratio to improve the empirical estimate of these values for a fully appended submarine. The work was performed using validated Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) based simulations to obtain forces and moments on the body. It is considered that the developed expressions for the linear rotary coefficients are adequate for an unappended axisymmetric underwater body at the design stage over the range: 6 ≤ L/D ≤ 14, which can then be used to size and locate the appendages.
An Effective Approach to Improve the Automatic Segmentation and Classification Accuracy of Brain Metastasis by Combining Multi-phase Delay Enhanced MR Images
Authors: Chen Mingming , Guo Yujie , Wang Pengcheng , Chen Qi , Bai Lu , Wang Shaobin , Su Ya , Wang Lizhen , Gong Guanzhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyse the diffusion rule of the contrast media in multi-phase delayed enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) T1 images using radiomics and to construct an automatic classification and segmentation model of brain metastases (BM) based on support vector machine (SVM) and Dpn-UNet. A total of 189 BM patients with 1047 metastases were enrolled. Contrast-enhanced MR images were obtained at 1, 3, 5, 10, 18, and 20 min following contrast medium injection. The tumour target volume was delineated, and the radiomics features were extracted and analysed. BM segmentation and classification models in the MR images with different enhancement phases were constructed using Dpn-UNet and SVM, and differences in the BM segmentation and classification models with different enhancement times were compared. (1) The signal intensity for BM decreased with time delay and peaked at 3 min. (2) Among the 144 optimal radiomics features, 22 showed strong correlation with time (highest R-value = 0.82), while 41 showed strong correlation with volume (highest R-value = 0.99). (3) The average dice similarity coefficients of both the training and test sets were the highest at 10 min for the automatic segmentation of BM, reaching 0.92 and 0.82, respectively. (4) The areas under the curve (AUCs) for the classification of BM pathology type applying single-phase MRI was the highest at 10 min, reaching 0.674. The AUC for the classification of BM by applying the six-phase image combination was the highest, reaching 0.9596, and improved by 42.3% compared with that by applying single-phase images at 10 min. The dynamic changes of contrast media diffusion in BM can be reflected by multi-phase delayed enhancement based on radiomics, which can more objectively reflect the pathological types and significantly improve the accuracy of BM segmentation and classification.
Genetic analyses of stay green for tolerance to water stress and nitrogen deficiency in Algerian Saharan maize populations
Authors: Riache Meriem , Djemel Abderahmane , Revilla Pedro , Malvar Rosa Ana , Mefti Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDelayed senescence could contribute to maintain yield under water stress and low nitrogen stress. Landraces from arid areas can provide favorable alleles for stay green under stress. The objectives of this study were to estimate varietal and heterosis effects of Algerian Saharan populations and their crosses for stay-green under water stress and no-nitrogen fertilization and to identify the most promising populations as sources of stay-green under stress. Six Algerian maize populations were evaluated in a diallel under water stress (300 mm irrigation) versus control (600 mm) and no-nitrogen fertilization versus 120 kg/ha N fertilization. Both varietal and specific heterosis were involved in delayed senescence under stress. Breeding programs could capitalize additive components by using the populations IZM or IGS with favorable varietal effects for delayed senescence under nitrogen stress, or dominance effects by using the population AOR with favorable heterotic effects for plant color under water and nitrogen stresses. Based on specific heterosis, under water stress conditions with no-nitrogen supply, the most promising cross was AOR × IZM for delayed senescence, while IZM × BAH (with no-nitrogen supply), and SHH × BAH (with nitrogen fertilizer), will allow a longer maintenance of the plant coloration. We suggest reciprocal recurrent selection with these populations for developing drought-tolerant and low nitrogen hybrids to improve stay-green.
Researching Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW): Overcoming Gender Blindness by Improving Methodology in Compliance with Measurement Standards
Authors: Sánchez-Prada Andrés , Delgado-Álvarez Carmen , Bosch-Fiol Esperanza , Ferrer-Pérez Victoria A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW) has been defined as a violation of human rights and a serious public health problem rooted in social inequality between women and men. Nevertheless, a significant amount of scientific literature on the topic of IPVAW continues to exclude the gender perspective in both research design and the interpretation of results, despite its conceptual and explanatory relevance. This paper considers certain gender-blind practices in the research on IPVAW. Based on this analysis, we propose explicitly stating the theoretical assumptions inherent in the definition of the construct and clarifying the intended interpretation for measures, so that they can be incorporated into the analysis of validity, and we argue in favor of the need for interdisciplinary studies based on multicausal explanatory models, which incorporate the category gender as a transversal explanatory factor of this type of violence, as well as multi-method approaches, with the aim of overcoming issues of construct underrepresentation and construct-irrelevant variance.
Looking for Plant microRNAs in Human Blood Samples: Bioinformatics Evidence and Perspectives
Authors: Olmi Lorenzo , Pepe Gerardo , Helmer-Citterich Manuela , Canini Antonella , Gismondi Angelo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiterature has proposed the existence of a cross kingdom regulation (CRK) between human and plants. In this context, microRNAs present in edible plants would be acquired through diet by the consumer’s organism and transported via bloodstream to tissues, where they would modulate gene expression. However, the validity of this phenomenon is strongly debated; indeed, some scholars have discussed both the methodologies and the results obtained in previous works. To date, only one study has performed a bioinformatics analysis on small RNA-sequencing data for checking the presence of plant miRNAs (pmiRNAs) in human plasma. For that investigation, the lack of reliable controls, which led to the misidentification of human RNAs as pmiRNAs, has been deeply criticized. Thus, in the present contribution, we aim to demonstrate the existence of pmiRNAs in human blood, adopting a bioinformatics approach characterized by more stringent conditions and filtering. The information obtained from 380 experiments produced in 5 different next generation sequencing (NGS) projects was examined, revealing the presence of 350 circulating pmiRNAs across the analysed data set. Although one of the NGS projects shows results likely to be attributed to sample contamination, the others appear to provide reliable support for the acquisition of pmiRNAs through diet. To infer the potential biological activity of the identified pmiRNAs, we predicted their putative human mRNA targets, finding with great surprise that they appear to be mainly involved in neurogenesis and nervous system development. Unfortunately, no consensus was identified within the sequences of detected pmiRNAs, in order to justify their stability or capability to be preserved in human plasma. We believe that the issue regarding CKR still needs further clarifications, even if the present findings would offer a solid support that this hypothesis is not impossible.
Comparison fabrication, identification and avoidance of corrosion potential of M-CuO NPs/S-CuO NPs to suppress corrosion on steel in an acidic solution
Authors: Hyba Amira M. , El Refay Heba M. , Shahen Seham , Gaber Ghalia A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe utilization of plants to produce metal oxide nanoparticles has recently received a lot of attention due to its ease of usage and environmental friendliness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesize CuO NPs using two distinct methods, including an aqueous extract of moringa oleifera leaves (M-CuO NPs) and a synthetic approach (S-CuO NPs). Nanoparticles produced were evaluated by SEM, EDX, TEM and XRD, to consider the creation of CuO NPs and to determine the morphological, elemental constitution and size the samples. The average particles size 14.95 and 35.73 nm for S-CuO and M-CuO NPs, respectively, is having potentials for application as inhibitor in corrosion of MS. The inhibition and adsorption properties of prepared M-CuO NPs and S-CuO NPs on MS in 1 M HCl were investigated using the wt reduction assessment. The maximal IE of prepared M-CuO NPs and S-CuO NPs was 95.06% and 92.10%, respectively, at 1000 ppm. The IE % improves with greater concentration of the prepared M-CuO NPs and S-CuO NPs. According to the findings, M-CuO NPs are the most effective green potential inhibitor for MS in acidic conditions. It is demonstrated that the Langmuir isotherms are obeyed by the produced CuO NPs and MS substrate.
Effect of Whole Tomato Powder or Tomato Peel Powder Incorporation on the Color, Nutritional, and Textural Properties of Extruded High Moisture Meat Analogues
Authors: Lyu Xiaoyu , Ying Danyang , Zhang Pangzhen , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoy protein based high moisture meat analogues (HMMAs) were made by extrusion, with incorporation of 0, 5, 10, and 20% whole tomato powder (WTP) or 10% tomato peel powder (TPP). Their color, nutritional, and textural properties were characterized. Results showed that the color, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and bioaccessible lycopene content in the HMMAs were improved with WTP incorporation. However, too much (20%) WTP incorporation led to unacceptable textural properties. On the other hand, TPP incorporation resulted in a conspicuously soft texture, an unevenly distributed color as well as minimal color and nutritional improvements. Compared with TPP, WTP was more suitable to be incorporated into HMMAs to improve the color and nutritional qualities.
Neuromorphic nanocluster networks: Critical role of the substrate in nano-link formation
Authors: Wu Wenkai , Verkhovtsev Alexey V. , Pavloudis Theodoros , Solov’yov Andrey V. , Palmer Richard E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtomic cluster-based networks represent a promising architecture for the realization of neuromorphic computing systems, which may overcome some of the limitations of the current computing paradigm. The formation and breakage of links between the clusters are of utmost importance for the functioning of these computing systems. This paper reports the results of molecular dynamics simulations of synapse (bridge) formation at elevated temperature and thermal breaking processes between 2.8 nm-sized Au1415 clusters deposited on a carbon substrate, a model system. Crucially, we find that the bridge formation process is driven by the diffusion of gold atoms along the substrate, no matter how small the gap between the clusters themselves. The complementary simulations of the bridge breaking process reveal the existence of a threshold bias voltage to activate bridge rupture via Joule heating. These results provide an atomistic-level understanding of the fundamental dynamical processes occurring in neuromorphic cluster arrays.
Investigation of stress relief crack susceptibility of CrMoV steels coarse grain HAZ via simulation of uniaxial stress conditions during PWHT
Authors: Czeskleba D. , Nietzke J. , Rhode M. , Kannengiesser T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCreep-resistant steels such as the 13CrMoV9-10, used in the construction of thick-walled pressure vessels, are most commonly submerged arc welded (SAW). These steels can develop stress relief cracks (SRC) if the mandatory post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is performed improperly. Current PWHT parameters, such as heating rate and holding time at a specific holding temperature, are based on both empirical experience and conventional free shrinking welding experiments to characterize the SRC-susceptibility of the weld. These cannot adequately depict the higher residual stresses caused by the structurally induced stiffness of the surrounding construction.This study discusses the development of a repeatable, precise, and time-efficient methodology to study the effects of different stress levels and heating rates on the SRC susceptibility of the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ). For that purpose, samples were thermically treated to simulate a coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and subsequently exposed to representative levels of stress during the heating phase of a PWHT. The recorded stress and heating rate–dependent strains were mathematically analyzed via curve tracing/calculus to identify interdependent effects. This procedure facilitates the measurement of material characteristics such as carbide growth on grain boundaries at the µm-scale via an integrated value over the entire sample volume. The first and second derivatives show a slight, precipitate-dependent, increase in hardness of the sample, depending on the heating rate and applied stress. This new methodology generates an improved assessment of the SRC susceptibility of SAW microstructures of creep-resistant CrMoV steels.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Recently Developed Sustainable and Green Cooling/Lubrication Technologies in Machining Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
Authors: Laghari Rashid Ali , He Ning , Jamil Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad Irfan , Gupta Munish Kumar , Krolczyk Grzegorz M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are lightweight, hard materials applied in heavy-duty applications such as automobile, aerospace, and electronics, as well as sports equipment. MMCs reveal exceptional physical and mechanical properties, including high strength, corrosion, wear resistance, higher stiffness, and toughness. However, owing to poor surface finish, accelerated tool wear, and high material removal cost, MMCs are categorized as difficult-to-cut composites. This article reviews sustainable machining under different lubrication and cooling approaches and the economics of the operation for MMCs. The study focuses on optimizing machinability factors, such as surface integrity, chip formation, tool wear, and sustainability analysis. To attain this goal, the review evaluates suitable cutting parameters for Aluminum, Titanium, Magnesium, and Copper-based metal matrix composites, which hitherto have not been explored or summarized comprehensively. This study provides strong guidance regarding selection of precise cutting parameters for MMCs. The findings of this review suggest that different cooling/lubrication technologies can optimize and improve the sustainability and machinability characteristics, extend tool life and surface quality, during the cutting operation.