bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Become a Memory: The Individual and Collective Aspects of Mnemicity
Authors: Mahr Johannes B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman adults distinguish their mental event simulations along various dimensions—most prominently according to their “mnemicity”: we track whether these simulations are outcomes of past personal experiences or not (i.e., whether we are “remembering” or “imagining”). This distinction between memory and imagination is commonly thought to reflect a deep architectural distinction in the mind. Against this idea, I argue that mnemicity is not based on a fundamentalstructural difference between memories and imaginations but is instead the result of metacognitive attribution and social construction. On this attributional view, mnemicity is likely a uniquely human capacity that both serves collective functions and has been shaped by collective norms. First, on the individual level, mnemicity attribution is an outcome of metacognitive learning: it relies on acquired interpretations of the phenomenal features of mental event simulations. Such interpretations are in part acquired through interactive reminiscing with other community members. Further, how the distinction between memory and imagination is drawn is likely sensitive to cultural norms about what remembering is, when it is appropriate to claim to remember, what can be remembered, and what remembering entails. As a result, how individuals determine whether they remember or imagine is bound to be deeply enculturated. Second, mnemicity attribution solves an important collective challenge: who to grant epistemic authority about the past. Solving this challenge is important because—for humans—the past represents not just an opportunity to learn about the future but to coordinate present social realities. How a community determines such social realities both draws on individuals’ remembering and in turn shapes when, what, and how individuals remember.
The differential graded Verlinde formula and the Deligne Conjecture
Authors: Schweigert Christoph , Woike Lukas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA modular category gives rise to a differential graded modular functor, that is, a system of projective mapping class group representations on chain complexes. This differential graded modular functor assigns to the torus the Hochschild chain complex and, in the dual description, the Hochschild cochain complex of . On both complexes, the monoidal product of induces the structure of an ‐algebra, to which we refer as the differential graded Verlinde algebra. At the same time, the modified trace induces on the tensor ideal of projective objects in a Calabi–Yau structure so that the cyclic Deligne Conjecture endows the Hochschild cochain and chain complex of with a second ‐structure. Our main result is that the action of a specific element in the mapping class group of the torus transforms the differential graded Verlinde algebra into this second ‐structure afforded by the Deligne Conjecture. This result is established for both the Hochschild chain and the Hochschild cochain complex of . In general, these two versions of the result are inequivalent. In the case of Hochschild chains, we obtain a block diagonalization of the Verlinde algebra through the action of the mapping class group element . In the semisimple case, both results reduce to the Verlinde formula. In the non‐semisimple case, we recover after restriction to zeroth (co)homology earlier proposals for non‐semisimple generalizations of the Verlinde formula.
Foaming and Priming of Boiler Water
Authors: Foulk C. W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A rapidly increasing interest in the subject of the foaming and priming of boiler water is shown by the fact that as many papers have appeared during the last three or four years as in the preceding 20 or 30 years. New information about the behavior of suspended solids and of dissolved salts has been brought out, and a helpful theory of foam formation has also been advanced. It would be inferred from recent work that too broad generalizations in regard to foaming and priming of boiler water should not be made, because in some cases the design of the boiler profoundly affects the behavior of the water.
Air Compression With Temperatures Above Adiabatic, With Special Reference to Airplane Superchargers
Authors: Moss Sanford A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In compressing air or other gases by means of reciprocating or centrifugal compressors of comparatively large size, with large cooling areas and often water-jacketed, an appreciable amount of heat is removed which helps to decrease the power input. This cooling, however, is by no means essential, and under many circumstances decrease of power for compression by cooling is not very great. Furthermore, conditions are often encountered which make cooling inadvisable. In the present paper the author outlines the mathematical theory to be used when due consideration of all of the circumstances indicates that a compressor with a small amount of cooling is the most advantageous.
Factor of Safety and Working Stress
Authors: Soderberg C. Richard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper contains a general discussion of the fundamentals on which working stresses in machine parts should be based. The terms “failure” and “factor of safety” are also discussed. Rules for the determination of working stress as established by the East Pittsburgh Works of the Westinghouse Co. are given. It is stated as the author’s opinion that the engineering profession is in need of a general code on the subject of working stress. The beginning of such a code has been made in the “Code for Design of Transmission Shafting” approved by the American Standards Association in 1927. In an appendix, this code is also discussed. It is hoped that this paper may lead to some action on the part of the A.S.M.E. toward the establishment of a general standard or code on the subject.
On the Mechanics of the Plastic State of Metals
Authors: Nadai A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper is a study of the mechanical conditions under which plastic flow in metals occurs. Rules relative to the stresses and the deformation when the stresses reach the limit of plasticity are discussed. Some cases of plastic flow with rotational symmetry around an axis in cylinders are considered. As examples, the case of a bar in combined tension and torsion and that of a hollow cylinder subjected to a high internal pressure and axial forces are treated. The cases of pure bending of a bar with a rectangular cross-section and of pure torsion of a bar with a circular cross-section are discussed, assuming a general law of deformation. Also application of this theory is made to the hollow cylinder subjected to internal pressure. Methods of finding the residual stresses after severe plastic deformation are discussed, and the results obtained in the study should throw light on the problem of these stresses.
Power Required to Drill Cast Iron and Steel
Authors: Boston O. W. , Oxford C. J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of drilling tests on cast iron and steel. Drills ranging in diameter from 1/2 to 1-1/2 in. of the standard twist-drill type were used. The drills were considered sharp in all tests. A coolant consisting of one part of soluble oil and 16 parts of water was used in all tests. The materials cut consisted of one regular machining cast iron and one cast iron made up of 20 per cent charcoal pig iron, together with 17 steels of a wide variety of chemical analyses, which were selected to cover the steels commonly used in modern manufacture.
Data as to drilling torque, thrust, computed horsepower at the drill point, and net horsepower supplied to the machine as measured on a recording wattmeter are given under two headings: commercial tests and special tests. All commercial tests were run at a peripheral speed of the drill of approximately 60 ft. per min. The feed for each drill size was as near to those given in the usual commercial-drilling table as the change gears available would permit. They were as follows: 0.009 in. per rev. feed for the 1/2-in. diameter drill, 0.011 in. for the 5/8-in. drill, 0.012 in. for the 3/4-in. drill, 0.013 in. for the 1-in. drill and 0.015 in. for the 1-1/4- and 1-1/2-in. diameter drills.
Special tests were run on various cast irons and steels so that the influence of the speed, feed, and drill diameter could be determined, in order that the results of the commercial-drilling tests could be extended to cover any other conditions of drilling for each material. It was found from these special tests that the thrust for both cast iron and steel increased in direct proportion to the drill diameter d; that the torque increased in proportion to d2 for cast iron and d1.8 for steel. The thrust increased with an increase in feed f, but at a rate as slow as f0.6 for both cast iron and steel. The torque increased as f0.6 for cast iron, but f0.78 for steel. It was found that the torque and thrust remained practically constant over the whole range of speeds covered from 74 to 441 r.p.m. for each drill size and feed.
An attempt is made to correlate the hardness values of the materials determined by the Brinell, Rockwell, scleroscope, and Herbert pendulum hardness testers, with the results obtained from the drilling tests.
It is concluded that no satisfactory relation exists between these properties.
Framing Supradisciplinary Research for Intellectualized Cyber-Physical Systems: An Unfinished Story
Authors: Horváth Imre 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Conceptualization and design of intellectualized, socialized, and personalized cyber-physical systems (CPSs) need integration of existing knowledge across the involved disciplines, as well as exploration and synthesis of novel knowledge beyond disciplinary boundaries. The latter needs a combined use of interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research. Supradisciplinary research has emerged as a new doctrine of combining these research approaches from epistemological, methodological, and procedural perspectives. However, no methodology can be found in the literature that could facilitate the practical execution of supradisciplinary research programs. This position paper proposes a conceptual framework that can be used as a blueprint for operationalization of such undertakings. The framework rests on six generic pillars: (i) problematics, (ii) infrastructure, (iii) method, (iv) stakeholders, (v) operations, and (vi) knowledge. It specifies the major concerns that have to be taken into consideration in a systematic manner in developing executional scenarios for supradisciplinary research. The framework facilitates (i) management of research organization tasks, (ii) joint formation of shared research infrastructure, (ii) setting up concrete research program, (iii) academic partnering and public stakeholder involvement, (iv) process flow management and capacity/competence allocation, (v) a holistic knowledge synthesis, assessment, and consolidation, and (vi) development of tools supporting the preparation and execution of large-scale supradisciplinary research. In its current form, it does not cover the specific societal and personal issues of a successful organization of the inquiry at individual researchers, research teams, and research community levels. A community-based follow-up research may focus on the practical application and testing of the framework in concrete cases—a task that an individual researcher cannot address.
Towards Data and Model Interoperability for Industrial Extended Reality in Manufacturing
Authors: Bernstein William Z. , Bowman Andrew , Durscher Ryan , Gillman Andrew , Donegan Sean 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Extended reality (XR) technologies have realized significant value for design, manufacturing, and sustainment processes. However, industrial XR, or XR implemented within industrial applications, suffers from scalability and flexibility challenges due to fundamental gaps with interoperability between data, models, and workflows. Though there has been a number of recent efforts to improve the interoperability of industrial XR technologies, progress has been hindered by an innate separation between the domain-specific models (e.g., manufacturing execution data, material specifications, and product manufacturing information) with XR (often-standard) processes (e.g., multiscale spatial representations and data formats optimized for run-time presentation). In this paper, we elaborate on promising research directions and opportunities around which the manufacturing and visualization academic community can rally. To establish such research directions, we (1) conducted a meta-review on well-established state-of-the-art review articles that have already presented in-depth surveys on application areas for industrial XR, such as maintenance, assembly, and inspection and (2) mapped those findings to publicly published priorities from across the US Department of Defense. We hope that our presented research agenda will spur interdisciplinary work across academic silos, i.e., manufacturing and visualization communities, and engages either community within work groups led by the other, e.g., within standards development organizations.
Design and Implementation of a Behavioral Sequence Framework for Human–Robot Interaction Utilizing Brain-Computer Interface and Haptic Feedback
Authors: Hazra Sudip , Whitaker Shane , Shiakolas Panos S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In assistive robotics, research in Brain Computer Interface aims to understand human intent to enhance Human–Robot interaction and augment human performance. In this research, a framework to enable a person with an upper limb disability to use an assistive system toward maintaining self-reliance is introduced and its implementation and evaluation are discussed. The framework interlinks functional components and establishes a behavioral sequence to operate the assistive system in three stages; action classification, verification, and execution. An action is classified based on identified human intent and verified through haptic and/or visual feedback before execution. The human intent is conveyed through facial expressions and verified through head movements. The interlinked functional components are an electro-encephalogram (EEG) sensing device, a head movement recorder, a dual-purpose glove, a visual feedback environment, and a robotic arm. Five volunteers are used to evaluate the ability of the system to recognize a facial expression, the time required to respond using head movements, convey information through vibrotactile feedback effects, and the ability to follow the established behavioral sequence. Based on the evaluation, a personalized training dataset should be used to calibrate facial expression recognition and define the time required to respond during verification. Custom vibrotactile effects were effective in conveying system information to the user. The volunteers were able to follow the behavioral sequence and control the system with a success rate of 80.00%, thus providing confidence to recruit more volunteers to identify and address improvements and expand the operational capability of the framework.
Coach Development: In Situ Examples of Translating Research Into Practice Within Strength and Conditioning
Authors: Gillham Andy , Szedlak Christoph 
Published: April 2023

Researchers highlight the importance of using constructivist, learner-centered approaches to develop effective strength and conditioning (S&C) coaching practice, such as reflective practice and community of practice. Such approaches are relational meaning that the S&C coach developer must build effective relationships with the learner (i.e., S&C coach) to enhance cooperation and engagement, which can take a considerable amount of time. Constructivist learning strategies are essential to develop an athlete-centered coaching approach, which focuses on developing not only performance but also the overall well-being of the athlete. Yet, there has been a considerable lack of evidence of how to integrate and utilize reflective practice and community of practice within S&C coach development, as well as documenting their impact. This practical advance article aims to address this knowledge-to-action gap by examining how a S&C coach developer, who is paid by and in situ working with an organization, implemented an effective longitudinal, learner-centered coach development program to promote athlete-centered coaching practice. In doing so, we outline the importance of relationship building, creating community, and trust, which underlines the organic process that seamlessly integrates guided critical reflection and community of practices as valued learning strategies to develop S&C coaches’ psychosocial skills.
Features of the Interaction of Scheelite with HCl Solutions at 400 and 500°C, 100 MPa, and Various f(O2) (According to Experimental and Calculated Data)
Authors: Redkin A. F. , Kotova N. P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Experimental studies were carried out on the solubility of scheelite in HCl solutions in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.316 mol/kg H2O at 400 and 500°C, a pressure of 100 MPa and the fugacity of oxygen (hydrogen) specified by the buffers Cu2O–CuO, Fe3O4–Fe2O3, Ni–NiO, and Co–CoO. It was found that scheelite in HCl solutions at the specified parameters dissolves incongruently. In solutions containing from 0.01 to 0.0316 m HCl, minor amounts of WO3 and/or WO3 – x tungsten oxides are found in the run products, along with scheelite. In solutions containing from 0.1 to 0.316 m HCl, the formation of calcium tungsten bronzes CaxWO3 is observed, the average composition of which corresponds to the formula Ca0.07WO3. Based on the analysis of the experimental data obtained, the free energies of the formation of tungsten oxides WO3, WO2.9, scheelite, and calcium tungsten bronze were calculated. Using mutually agreed thermodynamic data, the solubility of Sch in solutions of HCl and (Na, K)Cl with the participation of aluminosilicates is calculated. It is shown that the scheelite has a wide area of congruent solubility in saline systems.
Giant pars plana cysts and a diagnostic approach to peripheral retinal elevation with the assistance of multimodal imaging
Authors: Kenworthy Matthew Keith , Kenworthy Sarah Jane , Bhosale Anant , Raja Vignesh 
Published: April 2023

A man in his 50s was referred for a suspected superotemporal retinal tear in the right eye. Fundus examination showed multiple areas of elevated retina temporally in both eyes which were immobile and did not reappose with scleral depression. No retinal breaks were present. Ultra-widefield colour fundus photography with Optos captured these areas of elevated retina in both eyes temporally, which on fundus autofluorescence where hypoautofluorescent with no leading hyperautofluorescent edge. On ultrasound biomicroscopy, an immobile lesion with a single hyperechoic convexity towards the vitreous body was noted. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral giant pars plana cysts which were managed conservatively.The multimodal imaging in our case is its distinguishing feature which can be used to help ensure accurate diagnosis when one is presented with an area of peripheral retina elevation.
Risk factors for cataract in retinoblastoma management
Authors: Jia Shichong , Wen Xuyang , Yu Jie , Zhou Min , Yang Ludi , Feng Yiyi , He Xiaoyu , Jia Renbing , Fan Jiayan , Fan Xianqun 
Published: April 2023

AimsTo investigate the risk factors for cataract following eye-preserving therapies for retinoblastoma.MethodsThis retrospective, single-centre cohort study included patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma receiving eye-preserving therapies between January 2017 and June 2021. Cataract by the end of the follow-up was the main outcome.ResultsCataract was found in 31 of 184 (16.8%) included eyes during a mean follow-up of 27.6 months. The cataract and control groups were similar regarding patients’ laterality, sex and disease stage. Eyes in the cataract group were more likely to present with endophytic retinoblastoma (p=0.02) and greater intraocular pressure (p=0.001). Competing risk regression analysis (univariate Fine-Gray model) showed that the growth pattern (p=0.01), intraocular pressure (p=0.01), number of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) cycles (p=0.001), melphalan dose per IAC cycle (p=0.001) and number of intravitreous chemotherapy (IvitC) cycles (p=0.001) were associated with cataract occurrence. Multivariate analysis included higher intraocular pressure (p=0.003), a higher melphalan dose per IAC cycle (p=0.001) and an increasing number of IvitC cycles (p=0.04) as independent risk factors for cataract.ConclusionsRepeated IAC and/or IvitC with melphalan were the most common eye-preserving therapies that induced cataract formation. The toxic effect of melphalan was an essential factor in cataract development, as indicated by the association of cataract occurrence with the melphalan dose.
Cost of introducing and delivering malaria vaccine (RTS,S/AS01E) in areas of seasonal malaria transmission, Mali and Burkina Faso
Authors: Diawara Halimatou , Bocoum Fadima Yaya , Dicko Alassane , Levin Ann , Lee Cynthia , Koita Fatoumata , Ouédraogo Jean Bosco , Guissou Rosemonde , Yabré Seydou , Traoré Seydou , Morgan Winthrop , Pecenka Clint , Baral Ranju 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe WHO recommends use of the RTS,S/AS01E(RTS,S) malaria vaccine for young children living in areas of moderate to highPlasmodium falciparummalaria transmission and suggests countries consider seasonal vaccination in areas with highly seasonal malaria. Seasonal vaccination is uncommon and may require adaptations with potential cost consequences. This study prospectively estimates cost of seasonal malaria vaccine delivery in Mali and Burkina Faso.MethodsThree scenarios for seasonal vaccine delivery are costed (1) mass campaign only, (2) routine Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) and (3) mixed delivery (mass campaign and routine EPI)), from the government’s perspective. Resource use data are informed by previous new vaccine introductions, supplemented with primary data from a sample of health facilities and administrative units.FindingsAt an assumed vaccine price of US $5 per dose, the economic cost per dose administered ranges between $7.73 and $8.68 (mass campaign), $7.04 and $7.38 (routine EPI) and $7.26 and $7.93 (mixed delivery). Excluding commodities, the cost ranges between $1.17 and $2.12 (mass campaign), $0.48 and $0.82 (routine EPI) and $0.70 and $1.37 (mixed delivery). The financial non-commodity cost per dose administered ranges between $0.99 and $1.99 (mass campaign), $0.39 and $0.76 (routine EPI) and $0.58 and $1.28 (mixed delivery). Excluding commodity costs, service delivery is the main cost driver under the mass campaign scenario, accounting for 36% to 55% of the financial cost. Service delivery accounts for 2%–8% and 12%–23% of the total financial cost under routine EPI and mixed delivery scenarios, respectively.ConclusionVaccine delivery using the mass campaign approach is most costly followed by mixed delivery and routine EPI delivery approaches, in both countries. Our cost estimates provide useful insights for decisions regarding delivery approaches, as countries plan the malaria vaccine rollout.