bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight loss induces changes in adaptive thermogenesis in female and male physique athletes
Authors: Isola Ville , Hulmi Juha J. , Petäjä Pirita , Helms Eric R. , Karppinen Jari E. , Ahtiainen Juha P. 
Published: January 2023

Physique athletes lose substantial weight preparing for competitions, potentially altering systemic metabolism. We investigated sex differences in body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and appetite-regulating and thyroid hormone changes during a competition preparation among drug-free physique athletes. The participants were female (10 competing (COMP) and 10 nondieting controls (CTRL)) and male (13 COMP and 10 CTRL) physique athletes. COMP were tested before they started their diet 23 weeks before competing (PRE), during their diet one week before competing (MID), and 23 weeks after competing (POST), whereas CTRL were tested at similar intervals but did not diet. Measurements included body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle size, and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFA) by ultrasound, REE by indirect calorimetry, circulating ghrelin, leptin T3, and T4 hormone analysis. Fat mass (FM) and SFA decreased in both sexes ( p < 0.001), while males ( p < 0.001) lost more lean mass (LM) than females ( p < 0.05). Weight loss, decreased energy intake, and increased aerobic exercise ( p < 0.05) led to decreased LM- and FM-adjusted REE ( p < 0.05), reflecting metabolic adaptation. Absolute leptin levels decreased in both sexes ( p < 0.001) but more among females ( p < 0.001) due to higher baseline leptin levels. These changes occurred with similar decreases in T3 ( p < 0.001) and resting heart rate ( p < 0.01) in both sexes. CTRL, who were former or upcoming physique athletes, showed no systematic changes in any measured variables. In conclusion, while dieting, female and male physique athletes experience REE and hormonal changes leading to adaptive thermogenesis. However, responses seemed temporary as they returned toward baseline after the recovery phase. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04392752).
Scalar field as a perfect fluid: thermodynamics of minimally coupled scalars and Einstein frame scalar-tensor gravity
Authors: Faraoni Valerio , Giardino Serena , Giusti Andrea , Vanderwee Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe revisit the analogy between a minimally coupled scalar field in general relativity and a perfect fluid, correcting previous identifications of effective temperature and chemical potential. This provides a useful complementary picture for the first-order thermodynamics of scalar-tensor gravity, paving the way for the Einstein frame formulation (which eluded previous attempts) and raises interesting questions to further develop the analogy.
A poesia negra e feminina de Lima Fabien
Authors: Braz Beatriz D’Angelo 
Published: January 2023

Lima Fabien é uma poeta de origem guianense e martiniquense, que nasceu em 1964, no Senegal. Fabien mudou-se posteriormente para Metz, no noroeste da França, onde passou sua infância e adolescência. A autora com frequência define-se como uma “cidadã do mundo”, o que se deve, provavelmente, a essa vivência cheia de deslocamentos. Contudo, ainda que Fabien afirme a universalidade da poesia como meio de expressão da sensibilidade humana – que pode ser compartilhada independentemente da raça, da origem e das fronteiras geográficas-, seu trabalho poético também busca refletir e afirmar sua expressão créole. Além de poeta, Fabien tem um significativo trabalho no teatro guianense como atriz e dramaturga na companhia Mayouri Théâtre.
Reverse Atrial Remodeling in Heart Failure With Recovered Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sun Yuxi , Chen Xuefu , Zhang Yanli , Yu Yao , Zhang Xinxin , Si Jinping , Ding Zijie , Xia Yunlong , Tse Gary , Liu Ying 
Published: January 2023

Background
Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) has been a newly recognized entity since 2020. However, the concept has primarily focused on left ventricular ejection fraction improvement, with less focus on the recovery of the left atrium. In this study, we investigated changes in left atrial (LA) echocardiographic indices in HFrecEF.

Methods and Results
An inpatient cohort with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was identified retrospectively and followed up prospectively in a single tertiary hospital. The enrolled patients were classified into HFrecEF and persistent HFrEF groups. Alternations in LA parameters by echocardiography were calculated. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure rehospitalization. A total of 699 patients were included (HFrecEF: n=228; persistent HFrEF: n=471). Compared with persistent HFrEF, the HFrecEF group had greater reductions in LA diameter, LA transverse diameter, LA superior–inferior diameter, LA volume, and LA volume index but not in LA sphericity index. Cox regression analysis showed that the HFrecEF group experienced lower risks of prespecified end points than the persistent HFrEF group after adjusting for confounders. Additionally, 136 (59.6%) and 62 (13.0%) patients showed LA reverse remodeling (LARR) for the HFrecEF and persistent HFrEF groups, respectively. Among the HFrecEF subgroup, patients with LARR had better prognosis compared with those without LARR. Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that age and coronary heart disease were 2 independent negative predictors for LARR.

Conclusions
In HFrecEF, both left ventricular systolic function and LA structure remodeling were improved. Patients with HFrecEF with LARR had improved clinical outcomes, indicating that the evaluation of LA size provides a useful biomarker for risk stratification of heart failure.
Impaired Elastic Properties of the Ascending Aorta in Fetuses With Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Xu Ran , Zhou Dan , Liu Yushan , Yao Longmei , Xie Li , Liu Minghui , Zhou Qichang , Zeng Shi 
Published: January 2023

Background
Abnormal aortic elastic properties are major notable vasculopathy involved in coarctation of the aorta (CoA). However, there are no reports on aortic wall elastic characteristics in fetuses with CoA.

Methods and Results

Fifty‐six fetuses with CoA and 56 normal controls were included in this prospective case–control study. The dimensions of the cardiac chamber, the size of the aorta, left ventricular myocardial performance indexes, and aortic elastic properties, including the global circumferential strain, fractional area change and mean longitudinal strain, were measured serially in utero. The global circumferential strain, fractional area change, and mean longitudinal strain in fetuses with CoA were smaller than those in the normal group at both the first and last examinations (18.50% versus 37.73% for global circumferential strain, 38.90% versus 57.55% for fractional area change, 6.61% versus 11.81% for mean longitudinal strain at first scan, 16.62% versus 42.05% for global circumferential strain, 36.54% versus 59.7% for fractional area change, 6.2% versus 11.46% for mean longitudinal strain at last scan, all
P
<0.001). There were negative correlations between aortic elastic properties and left ventricular myocardial performance indexes in fetuses with CoA (
P
<0.01). Aortic elastic properties were correlated positively with aortic isthmus size in fetuses with CoA (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions
Aortic strain and the fractional area change were decreased in fetuses with CoA. Impairments of these aortic elastic properties were associated with diminished heart function and aortic isthmus size in utero. Further large‐scale longitudinal studies are required to confirm the potential predictive value of cardiovascular morbidity (ie, hypertension) in fetuses with CoA.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment improved arterial stiffness in patients with primary aldosteronism: a cohort study compared with adrenalectomy
Authors: Liao Che-Wei , Lin Yen-Tin , Tsai Cheng-Hsuan , Chang Yi-Yao , Chen Zheng-Wei , Lu Ching-Chu , Pan Chien-Ting , Chang Chin-Chen , Lee Bo-Ching , Chiu Yu-Wei , Huang Wei-Chieh , Huang Kuo-How , Lai Tai-Shuan , Hung Chi-Shen , Wu Vin-Cent , Wu Xue-Ming , Lin Yen-Hung ,   the TAIPAI Study Group
Published: January 2023

Background: Elevated arterial stiffness in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) can be reversed after adrenalectomy; however, the effect of medical treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRAs) is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MRAs and compare both treatment strategies on arterial stiffness in PA patients. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We prospectively enrolled PA patients from 2006 to 2019 who received either adrenalectomy or MRA treatment (spironolactone). We compared their baseline and 1-year post-treatment biochemistry characteristics and arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) to verify the effects of treatment and related determinant factors. Results: A total 459 PA patients were enrolled. After 1:1 propensity score matching for age, sex and blood pressure (BP), each group had 176 patients. The major determinant factors of baseline PWV were age and baseline BP. The adrenalectomy group had greater improvements in BP, serum potassium level, plasma aldosterone concentration, and aldosterone-to-renin ratio. The MRA group had a significant improvement in PWV after 1 year of treatment (1706.2 ± 340.05 to 1613.6 ± 349.51 cm/s, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in post-treatment PWV ( p = 0.173) and improvement in PWV ( p = 0.579) between the adrenalectomy and MRA groups. The determinant factors for an improvement in PWV after treatment were hypertension duration, baseline PWV, and the decrease in BP. Conclusion: The PA patients who received medical treatment with MRAs had a significant improvement in arterial stiffness. There was no significant difference in the improvement in arterial stiffness between the two treatment strategies.
Sociodemographic and clinical variables as determinants of mortality and survival in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Amoras Tárcio Sadraque Gomes , Mendonça Thalia Saraiva , Melo Giovana Salomão , Pereira Kleber Renato Ponzi , Zaninotto Christielaine Venzel , de Oliveira Sheila Santos , da Silva Rosana Moreira , Gomes Fabiana Campos , de Melo Neto João Simão 
Published: January 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables as determinants of mortality and survival in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction in the Eastern Amazon. Design and methods: This observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study was conducted at the Gaspar Vianna Clinical Hospital Foundation in patients hospitalized from January 2017 to June 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: those who survived (G1) ( n = 646) and those who died (G2) ( n = 37). Sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with mortality and survival in these two groups were analyzed. Results: Patients with STEMI who had the highest risk of death were often the oldest (G1: 61.58 ± 10.74 years; G2: 69.57 ± 9.02 years; t = −4.492; p = 0.001), with Killip III-IV classifications (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.02–0.71; p = 0.03), and with diseases such as heart failure (OR = 0.07; 95% CI = 0.004–1.50; p = 0.168) or renal failure (OR = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.006–0.16; p = 0.0001). In addition, female sex (hazard ratio = 2.073; 95% CI = 1.413–5.170), Killip III-IV classifications (hazard ratio = 4.041; 95% CI = 1.703–18.883) and the presence of heart failure (hazard ratio = 34.102; 95% CI = 4.410–263.684) or renal failure (hazard ratio = 14.278; 95% CI = 3.275–62.248) shortened in-hospital survival. Conclusions: Specific sociodemographic and clinical aspects influenced mortality and survival in patients with acute ST -elevation myocardial infarction.
Preparation and characterization of cetuximab-loaded egg serum albumin nanoparticles and their uses as a drug delivery system against Caco-2 colon cancer cells
Authors: Salim Elsayed I. , Mosbah Abeer M. , Elhussiny F. A. , Hanafy Nemany A. N. , Abdou Y. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo avoid the harmful side effects of cetuximab and improve its therapeutic efficacy, egg serum albumin (ESA) was used as a targeting drug carrier moiety for cancer therapy against Caco-2 colon cancer cells. The simple improved desolvation method was used to synthesize ESA nanoparticles (ESA-NPs) and cetuximab-loaded albumin nanoparticles (CET-ANPs) with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The ESA-NPs and CET-ANPs were spherically shaped, and their sizes and surface potentials were 100 and − 24 nm and 170 and − 20 nm, respectively, as determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a Zeta potential analyzer. The specific functional groups of the prepared nanoparticles were revealed by FTIR analysis. In the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, CET-ANPs exerted the highest antitumor activity after 24 h followed by CET, ESA-NPs, and pure ESA. Combination of CET + ESA-NPs at different IC50 concentrations at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:4, 4:1, 1:9, or 9:1 showed significant synergistic effects with a combination index (CI) > 1. Furthermore, the CET either loaded with ESA-NPs or administered in combination (CET + ESA NPs) caused significant apoptotic damage, as well as an S-phase or G2/M cell cycle arrest to the cancer cells, respectively. These were directly linked with a significant upregulation of mRNA expression of Caspase3 and Bax genes and an extreme downregulation of the mRNA expression of Bcl2, particularly in the combination treatment group, as compared to the untreated cells. Finally, ESA-NPs improved the effectiveness of cetuximab, strongly caused apoptotic and antiproliferative action with lower systemic toxicity, and could be suggested for the targeted administration of anticancer medications in various nanosystems.
Whole-genome resequencing reveals genetic differences and the genetic basis of parapodium number in Russian and Chinese Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Guo Chao , Zhang Xianglei , Li Yuanxin , Xie Jiahui , Gao Pingping , Hao Pengfei , Han Lingshu , Zhang Jinyuan , Wang Wenpei , Liu Peng , Ding Jun , Chang Yaqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Apostichopus japonicus is an economically important species in the global aquaculture industry. Russian A. japonicus, mainly harvested in the Vladivostok region, exhibits significant phenotypic differentiation, including in many economically important traits, compared with Chinese A. japonicus owing to differences in their habitat. However, both the genetic basis for the phenotypic divergence and the population genetic structure of Russian and Chinese A. japonicus are unknown.

Result
In this study, 210 individuals from seven Russian and Chinese A. japonicus populations were sampled for whole-genome resequencing. The genetic structure analysis differentiated the Russian and Chinese A. japonicus into two groups. Population genetic analyses indicated that the Russian population showed a high degree of allelic linkage and had undergone stronger positive selection compared with the Chinese populations. Gene ontology terms enriched among candidate genes with group selection analysis were mainly involved in immunity, such as inflammatory response, antimicrobial peptides, humoral immunity, and apoptosis. Genome-wide association analysis yielded eight single-nucleotide polymorphism loci significantly associated with parapodium number, and these loci are located in regions with a high degree of genomic differentiation between the Chinese and Russia populations. These SNPs were associated with five genes. Gene expression validation revealed that three of these genes were significantly differentially expressed in individuals differing in parapodium number. AJAP08772 and AJAP08773 may directly affect parapodium production by promoting endothelial cell proliferation and metabolism, whereas AJAP07248 indirectly affects parapodium production by participating in immune responses.

Conclusions
This study, we performed population genetic structure and GWAS analysis on Chinese and Russian A. japonicus, and found three candidate genes related to the number of parapodium. The results provide an in-depth understanding of the differences in the genetic structure of A. japonicus populations in China and Russia, and provide important information for subsequent genetic analysis and breeding of this species.
Longitudinal neuropsychological trajectories in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a population–based study
Authors: Lilja-Lund Otto , Maripuu Martin , Kockum Karin , Andersson Johanna , Lindam Anna , Nyberg Lars , Laurell Katarina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive syndrome affecting gait, incontinence, and cognition in a significant number of older adults. Still, prospective studies on early development of symptoms are scarce.

Aim
To investigate how neuropsychological functions develop before and in already diagnosed iNPH over a two-year period in a population-based material.

Method
A sample of 104 participants (median [IQR] 75 [72–80] years old) from the general population underwent CT-imaging and clinical assessment at baseline and follow-up. We used the iNPH symptom scale covering four domains (Neuropsychology, Gait, Balance, Incontinence) and additional tests of executive functions. Morphological signs were rated with the iNPH Radscale. Non-parametric statistics with Bonferroni corrections and a significance-level of p < 0.05 were used.

Results
Median (IQR) time to follow-up was 25 (23–26) months. Effect size (ES) for individuals who developed iNPH (n = 8) showed a large (ES r = -0.55) decline in the Gait domain and on the Radscale (ES r = -0.60), with a medium deterioration in declarative memory (ES r = -0.37). Those having iNPH at baseline (n = 12) performed worse on one executive sub-function i.e., shifting (p = 0.045).

Conclusion
Besides deterioration in gait and radiology, our results suggest that a neuropsychological trajectory for those developing iNPH includes a reduction in declarative memory. Executive dysfunction was limited to those already having iNPH at baseline. These findings could suggest that memory impairments are included in the early development of iNPH.
Experiences of giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of social media comments through the lens of birth integrity
Authors: Miani Céline , Leiße Antonia , Wandschneider Lisa , Batram-Zantvoort Stephanie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Social media offer women a space to discuss birth-related fears and experiences. This is particularly the case during the COVID-19 pandemic when measures to contain the spread of the virus and high rates of infection have had an impact on the delivery of care, potentially restricting women’s rights and increasing the risk of experiencing different forms of mistreatment or violence. Through the lens of birth integrity, we focused on the experiences of women giving birth in Germany as shared on social media, and on what may have sheltered or violated their integrity during birth.

Methods
Using thematic analysis, we identified key themes in 127 comments and associated reactions (i.e. “likes”, emojis) posted on a Facebook public page in response to the dissemination of a research survey on maternity care in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Women contributing to the dataset gave birth during March and December 2020. They were most negatively affected by own mask-wearing –especially during the active phase of labour, not being allowed a birth companion of choice, lack of supportive care, and exclusion of their partner from the hospital. Those topics generated the most reactions, revealing compassion from other women and mixed feelings about health measures, from acceptation to anger. Many women explicitly formulated how inhumane or disrespectful the care was. While some women felt restricted by the tight visiting rules, those were seen as positive by others, who benefited from the relative quiet of maternity wards and opportunities for postpartum healing and bonding.

Conclusion
Exceptional pandemic circumstances have introduced new parameters in maternity care, some of which appear acceptable, necessary, or beneficial to women, and some of which can be considered violations of birth integrity. Our research calls for the investigation of the long-term impact of those violations and the reassessment of the optimal conditions of the delivery of respectful maternity during the pandemic and beyond.
Spherical pneumonia caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Jianli , Zhang Chuantao , Dang Kaijie , Liao Yichao , Feng Xue , Zhou Pengcheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Spherical pneumonia is an extremely rare condition that is difficult to diagnose. It is a specific type of lung infection that often manifests as a round or round-like mass on chest imaging. Spherical pneumonia is easily misdiagnosed as a pulmonary tumor; therefore, awareness of this disease must be strengthened.

Case presentation
The patient was a 29-year-old female who had persistent cough and sputum for approximately 1 month and fever for 5 days. Chest computed tomography (CT) at our hospital revealed a mass in the lower lobe of the right lung near the hilar region, with obstructive pulmonary atelectasis and obstructive pneumonia. Although lung cancer was suspected, Ralstonia mannitolilytica was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and no cancer cells or Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with spherical pneumonia caused by R. mannitolilytica. Anti-infective treatment, symptomatic treatment, and administration of a traditional Chinese medicine decoction were performed based on the syndrome differentiation. After 10 days of treatment, chest CT revealed few lesions in the lower lobe of the right lung, which were significantly reduced compared with those in the past.

Conclusions
Spherical pneumonia caused by R. mannitolilytica has not yet been reported and differential diagnosis is key in clinical diagnosis. When spherical pneumonia is difficult to diagnose, mNGS may be a better alternative.