bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive surveillance of suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic in France, 2020 to March 2022
Authors: Fouillet Anne , Martin Diane , Pontais Isabelle , Caserio-Schönemann Céline , Rey Grégoire 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Mitigation actions during the COVID-19 pandemic may impact mental health and suicide in general populations. We aimed to analyse the evolution in suicide deaths from 2020 to March 2022 in France.

Methods
Using free-text medical causes in death certificates, we built an algorithm, which aimed to identify suicide deaths. We measured its retrospective performances by comparing suicide deaths identified using the algorithm with deaths which had either a Tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code for ‘intentional self-harm’ or for ‘external cause of undetermined intent’ as the underlying cause. The number of suicide deaths from January 2020 to March 2022 was then compared with the expected number estimated using a generalized additive model. The difference and the ratio between the observed and expected number of suicide deaths were calculated on the three lockdown periods and for periods between lockdowns and after the third one. The analysis was stratified by age group and gender.

Results
The free-text algorithm demonstrated high performances. From January 2020 to mid-2021, suicide mortality declined during France’s three lockdowns, particularly in men. During the periods between and after the two first lockdowns, suicide mortality remained comparable to the expected values, except for men over 85 years old and in 65–84 year-old age group, where a small number of excess deaths was observed in the weeks following the end of first lockdown, and for men aged 45–64 years old, where the decline continued after the second lockdown ended. After the third lockdown until March 2022, an increase in suicide mortality was observed in 18–24 year-old age group for both genders and in men aged 65–84 years old, while a decrease was observed in the 25–44 year-old age group.

Conclusions
This study highlighted the absence of an increase in suicide mortality during France’s COVID-19 pandemic and a substantial decline during lockdown periods, something already observed in other countries. The increase in suicide mortality observed in 18–24 year-old age group and in men aged 65–84 years old from mid-2021 to March 2022 suggests a prolonged impact of COVID-19 on mental health, also described on self-harm hospitalizations and emergency department’s attendances in France. Further studies are required to explain the factors for this change. Reactive monitoring of suicide mortality needs to be continued since mental health consequences and the increase in suicide mortality may be continued in the future with the international context.
Temperature and mental health–related emergency department and hospital encounters among children, adolescents and young adults
Authors: Niu Li , Girma Blean , Liu Bian , Schinasi Leah H. , Clougherty Jane E. , Sheffield Perry 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
We examine the association between high ambient temperature and acute mental health-related healthcare encounters in New York City for children, adolescents and young adults.

Methods
This case-crossover study included emergency department (ED) visits and hospital encounters with a primary diagnosis of any mental health disorder during warm-season months (June–August) in New York City from 2005 to 2011 from patients of three age groups (6–11, 12–17 and 18–25 years). Using a distributed lag non-linear model over 0–5 lag days, by fitting a conditional logistic regression for each age group, we calculated the cumulative odds ratios of mental health encounters associated with an elevated temperature. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity, payment source and mental health categories to elucidate vulnerable subpopulations.

Results
In New York City, there were 82,982 mental health–related encounters for young people aged 6 to 25 years during our study period months. Elevated temperature days were associated with higher risk of mental health–related ED and hospital encounters for the 6- to 11-year-olds (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.46), for the 12- to 17-year-olds (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.25) and for the 18- to 25-year-olds (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15). Children with reaction disorders, adolescents with anxiety and bipolar disorders, young adults with psychosis and reaction disorders and Black and non-Hispanic children and adolescents showed vulnerability to elevated temperature.

Conclusions
We found that elevated ambient temperatures were associated with acute mental health ED or hospital encounters across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.
Secular trends and social inequalities in child behavioural problems across three Brazilian cohort studies (1993, 2004 and 2015)
Authors: Degli Esposti Michelle , Matijasevich Alicia , Collishaw Stephan , Martins-Silva Thaís , Santos Iná S. , Baptista Menezes Ana Maria , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Barros Fernando , Murray Joseph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsPrevious epidemiological evidence identified a concerning increase in behavioural problems among young children from 1997 to 2008 in Brazil. However, it is unclear whether behavioural problems have continued to increase, if secular changes vary between sociodemographic groups and what might explain changes over time. We aimed to monitor changes in child behavioural problems over a 22-year period from 1997 to 2019, examine changing social inequalities and explore potential explanations for recent changes in behavioural problems between 2008 and 2019.MethodsThe Child Behaviour Checklist was used to compare parent-reported behavioural problems in 4-year-old children across three Brazilian birth cohorts assessed in 1997 (1993 cohort,n = 633), 2008 (2004 cohort,n = 3750) and 2019 (2015 cohort,n = 577). Response rates across all three population-based cohorts were over 90%. Moderation analyses tested if cross-cohort changes differed by social inequalities (demographic and socioeconomic position), while explanatory models explored whether changes in hypothesized risk and protective factors in prenatal development (e.g., smoking during pregnancy) and family life (e.g., maternal depression and harsh parenting) accounted for changes in child behavioural problems from 2008 to 2019.ResultsInitial increases in child behavioural problems from 1997 to 2008 were followed by declines in conduct problems (mean change = −2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.56, −1.94;P < 0.001), aggression (mean change = −1.84; 95% CI: −2.51, −1.17;P < 0.001) and rule-breaking behaviour (mean change = −0.91; 95% CI: −1.13, −0.69P < 0.001) from 2008 to 2019. Sex differences in rule-breaking behaviour diminished during this 22-year period, whereas socioeconomic inequalities in behavioural problems emerged in 2008 and then remained relatively stable. Consequently, children from poorer and less educated families had higher behavioural problems, compared to more socially advantaged children, in the two more recent cohorts. Changes in measured risk and protective factors partly explained the reduction in behavioural problems from 2008 to 2019.ConclusionsFollowing a rise in child behavioural problems, there was a subsequent reduction in behavioural problems from 2008 to 2019. However, social inequalities increased and remained high. Continued monitoring of behavioural problems by subgroups is critical for closing the gap between socially advantaged and disadvantaged children and achieving health equity for the next generation.
Transdiagnostic evaluation of epigenetic age acceleration and burden of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Yusupov Natan , Dieckmann Linda , Erhart Mira , Sauer Susann , Rex-Haffner Monika , Kopf-Beck Johannes , Brückl Tanja M. , Czamara Darina , Binder Elisabeth B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDifferent psychiatric disorders as well as exposure to adverse life events have individually been associated with multiple age-related diseases and mortality. Age acceleration in different epigenetic clocks can serve as biomarker for such risk and could help to disentangle the interplay of psychiatric comorbidity and early adversity on age-related diseases and mortality. We evaluated five epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge and DunedinPoAm) in a transdiagnostic psychiatric sample using epigenome-wide DNA methylation data from peripheral blood of 429 subjects from two studies at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. Burden of psychiatric disease, represented by a weighted score, was significantly associated with biological age acceleration as measured by GrimAge and DunedinPoAm (R2-adj. 0.22 and 0.33 for GrimAge and DunedinPoAm, respectively), but not the other investigated clocks. The relation of burden of psychiatric disease appeared independent of differences in socioeconomic status and medication. Our findings indicate that increased burden of psychiatric disease may associate with accelerated biological aging. This highlights the importance of medical management of patients with multiple psychiatric comorbidities and the potential usefulness of specific epigenetic clocks for early detection of risk and targeted intervention to reduce mortality in psychiatric patients.
Early infant prefrontal gray matter volume is associated with concurrent and future infant emotionality
Authors: Zhang Yicheng , Banihashemi Layla , Samolyk Alyssa , Taylor Megan , English Gabrielle , Schmithorst Vanessa J. , Lee Vincent K. , Versace Amelia , Stiffler Richelle , Aslam Haris , Panigrahy Ashok , Hipwell Alison E. , Phillips Mary L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh levels of infant negative emotionality (NE) are associated with emotional and behavioral problems later in childhood. Identifying neural markers of high NE as well as low positive emotionality (PE) in infancy can provide neural markers to aid early identification of vulnerability, and inform interventions to help delay or even prevent psychiatric disorders before the manifestation of symptoms. Prefrontal cortical (PFC) subregions support the regulation of NE and PE, with each PFC subregion differentially specializing in distinct emotional regulation processes. Gray matter (GM) volume measures show good test-retest reliability, and thus have potential use as neural markers of NE and PE. Yet, while studies showed PFC GM structural abnormalities in adolescents and young adults with affective disorders, few studies examined how PFC subregional GM measures are associated with NE and PE in infancy. We aimed to identify relationships among GM in prefrontal cortical subregions at 3 months and caregiver report of infant NE and PE, covarying for infant age and gender and caregiver sociodemographic and clinical variables, in two independent samples at 3 months (Primary: n = 75; Replication sample: n = 40) and at 9 months (Primary: n = 44; Replication sample: n = 40). In the primary sample, greater 3-month medial superior frontal cortical volume was associated with higher infant 3-month NE (p < 0.05); greater 3-month ventrolateral prefrontal cortical volume predicted lower infant 9-month PE (p < 0.05), even after controlling for 3-month NE and PE. GM volume in other PFC subregions also predicted infant 3- and 9-month NE and PE, together with infant demographic factors, caregiver age, and/or caregiver affective instability and anxiety. These findings were replicated in the independent sample. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine in primary and replication samples associations among infant PFC GM volumes and concurrent and prospective NE and PE, and identify promising, early markers of future psychopathology risk.
DRAG in situ barcoding reveals an increased number of HSPCs contributing to myelopoiesis with age
Authors: Urbanus Jos , Cosgrove Jason , Beltman Joost B. , Elhanati Yuval , Moral Rafael A. , Conrad Cecile , van Heijst Jeroen W. , Tubeuf Emilie , Velds Arno , Kok Lianne , Merle Candice , Magnusson Jens P. , Guyonnet Léa , Frisén Jonas , Fre Silvia , Walczak Aleksandra M. , Mora Thierry , Jacobs Heinz , Schumacher Ton N. , Perié Leïla 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAgeing is associated with changes in the cellular composition of the immune system. During ageing, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that produce immune cells are thought to decline in their regenerative capacity. However, HSPC function has been mostly assessed using transplantation assays, and it remains unclear how HSPCs age in the native bone marrow niche. To address this issue, we present an in situ single cell lineage tracing technology to quantify the clonal composition and cell production of single cells in their native niche. Our results demonstrate that a pool of HSPCs with unequal output maintains myelopoiesis through overlapping waves of cell production throughout adult life. During ageing, the increased frequency of myeloid cells is explained by greater numbers of HSPCs contributing to myelopoiesis rather than the increased myeloid output of individual HSPCs. Strikingly, the myeloid output of HSPCs remains constant over time despite accumulating significant transcriptomic changes throughout adulthood. Together, these results show that, unlike emergency myelopoiesis post-transplantation, aged HSPCs in their native microenvironment do not functionally decline in their regenerative capacity.
Chromosome-level genome assembly and population genomic resource to accelerate orphan crop lablab breeding
Authors: Njaci Isaac , Waweru Bernice , Kamal Nadia , Muktar Meki Shehabu , Fisher David , Gundlach Heidrun , Muli Collins , Muthui Lucy , Maranga Mary , Kiambi Davies , Maass Brigitte L. , Emmrich Peter M. F. , Domelevo Entfellner Jean-Baka , Spannagl Manuel , Chapman Mark A. , Shorinola Oluwaseyi , Jones Chris S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnder-utilised orphan crops hold the key to diversified and climate-resilient food systems. Here, we report on orphan crop genomics using the case of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (lablab) - a legume native to Africa and cultivated throughout the tropics for food and forage. Our Africa-led plant genome collaboration produces a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the lablab genome. Our assembly highlights the genome organisation of the trypsin inhibitor genes - an important anti-nutritional factor in lablab. We also re-sequence cultivated and wild lablab accessions from Africa confirming two domestication events. Finally, we examine the genetic and phenotypic diversity in a comprehensive lablab germplasm collection and identify genomic loci underlying variation of important agronomic traits in lablab. The genomic data generated here provide a valuable resource for lablab improvement. Our inclusive collaborative approach also presents an example that can be explored by other researchers sequencing indigenous crops, particularly from low and middle-income countries (LMIC).
Random fractal-enabled physical unclonable functions with dynamic AI authentication
Authors: Sun Ningfei , Chen Ziyu , Wang Yanke , Wang Shu , Xie Yong , Liu Qian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA physical unclonable function (PUF) is a foundation of anti-counterfeiting processes due to its inherent uniqueness. However, the self-limitation of conventional graphical/spectral PUFs in materials often makes it difficult to have both high code flexibility and high environmental stability in practice. In this study, we propose a universal, fractal-guided film annealing strategy to realize the random Au network-based PUFs that can be designed on demand in complexity, enabling the tags’ intrinsic uniqueness and stability. A dynamic deep learning-based authentication system with an expandable database is built to identify and trace the PUFs, achieving an efficient and reliable authentication with 0% “false positives”. Based on the roughening-enabled plasmonic network platform, Raman-based chemical encoding is conceptionally demonstrated, showing the potential for improvements in security. The configurable tags in mass production can serve as competitive PUF carriers for high-level anti-counterfeiting and data encryption.
Functional MRI reveals brain-wide actions of thalamically-initiated oscillatory activities on associative memory consolidation
Authors: Wang Xunda , Leong Alex T. L. , Tan Shawn Z. K. , Wong Eddie C. , Liu Yilong , Lim Lee-Wei , Wu Ed X. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a key oscillatory activity in the brain, thalamic spindle activities are long believed to support memory consolidation. However, their propagation characteristics and causal actions at systems level remain unclear. Using functional MRI (fMRI) and electrophysiology recordings in male rats, we found that optogenetically-evoked somatosensory thalamic spindle-like activities targeted numerous sensorimotor (cortex, thalamus, brainstem and basal ganglia) and non-sensorimotor limbic regions (cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus) in a stimulation frequency- and length-dependent manner. Thalamic stimulation at slow spindle frequency (8 Hz) and long spindle length (3 s) evoked the most robust brain-wide cross-modal activities. Behaviorally, evoking these global cross-modal activities during memory consolidation improved visual-somatosensory associative memory performance. More importantly, parallel visual fMRI experiments uncovered response potentiation in brain-wide sensorimotor and limbic integrative regions, especially superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, and insular, retrosplenial and frontal cortices. Our study directly reveals that thalamic spindle activities propagate in a spatiotemporally specific manner and that they consolidate associative memory by strengthening multi-target memory representation.
ARRDC5 expression is conserved in mammalian testes and required for normal sperm morphogenesis
Authors: Giassetti Mariana I. , Miao Deqiang , Law Nathan C. , Oatley Melissa J. , Park Julie , Robinson LeeLa D. , Maddison Lisette A. , Bernhardt Miranda L. , Oatley Jon M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn sexual reproduction, sperm contribute half the genomic material required for creation of offspring yet core molecular mechanisms essential for their formation are undefined. Here, the α-arrestin molecule arrestin-domain containing 5 (ARRDC5) is identified as an essential regulator of mammalian spermatogenesis. Multispecies testicular tissue transcriptome profiling indicates that expression of Arrdc5 is testis enriched, if not specific, in mice, pigs, cattle, and humans. Knockout of Arrdc5 in mice leads to male specific sterility due to production of low numbers of sperm that are immotile and malformed. Spermiogenesis, the final phase of spermatogenesis when round spermatids transform to spermatozoa, is defective in testes of Arrdc5 deficient mice. Also, epididymal sperm in Arrdc5 knockouts are unable to capacitate and fertilize oocytes. These findings establish ARRDC5 as an essential regulator of mammalian spermatogenesis. Considering the role of arrestin molecules as modulators of cellular signaling and ubiquitination, ARRDC5 is a potential male contraceptive target.
Visual resemblance and interaction history jointly constrain pictorial meaning
Authors: Hawkins Robert D. , Sano Megumi , Goodman Noah D. , Fan Judith E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow do drawings—ranging from detailed illustrations to schematic diagrams—reliably convey meaning? Do viewers understand drawings based on how strongly they resemble an entity (i.e., as images) or based on socially mediated conventions (i.e., as symbols)? Here we evaluate a cognitive account of pictorial meaning in which visual and social information jointly support visual communication. Pairs of participants used drawings to repeatedly communicate the identity of a target object among multiple distractor objects. We manipulated social cues across three experiments and a full replication, finding that participants developed object-specific and interaction-specific strategies for communicating more efficiently over time, beyond what task practice or a resemblance-based account alone could explain. Leveraging model-based image analyses and crowdsourced annotations, we further determined that drawings did not drift toward “arbitrariness,” as predicted by a pure convention-based account, but preserved visually diagnostic features. Taken together, these findings advance psychological theories of how successful graphical conventions emerge.
The basolateral amygdala-anterior cingulate pathway contributes to depression-like behaviors and comorbidity with chronic pain behaviors in male mice
Authors: Becker Léa J. , Fillinger Clémentine , Waegaert Robin , Journée Sarah H. , Hener Pierre , Ayazgok Beyza , Humo Muris , Karatas Meltem , Thouaye Maxime , Gaikwad Mithil , Degiorgis Laetitia , Santin Marie des Neiges , Mondino Mary , Barrot Michel , Ibrahim El Chérif , Turecki Gustavo , Belzeaux Raoul , Veinante Pierre , Harsan Laura A. , Hugel Sylvain , Lutz Pierre-Eric , Yalcin Ipek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile depression and chronic pain are frequently comorbid, underlying neuronal circuits and their psychopathological relevance remain poorly defined. Here we show in mice that hyperactivity of the neuronal pathway linking the basolateral amygdala to the anterior cingulate cortex is essential for chronic pain-induced depression. Moreover, activation of this pathway in naive male mice, in the absence of on-going pain, is sufficient to trigger depressive-like behaviors, as well as transcriptomic alterations that recapitulate core molecular features of depression in the human brain. These alterations notably impact gene modules related to myelination and the oligodendrocyte lineage. Among these, we show that Sema4a, which was significantly upregulated in both male mice and humans in the context of altered mood, is necessary for the emergence of emotional dysfunction. Overall, these results place the amygdalo-cingulate pathway at the core of pain and depression comorbidity, and unravel the role of Sema4a and impaired myelination in mood control.
Chemomechanical modification of quantum emission in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Utama M. Iqbal Bakti , Zeng Hongfei , Sadhukhan Tumpa , Dasgupta Anushka , Gavin S. Carin , Ananth Riddhi , Lebedev Dmitry , Wang Wei , Chen Jia-Shiang , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Marks Tobin J. , Ma Xuedan , Weiss Emily A. , Schatz George C. , Stern Nathaniel P. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted attention for quantum information science due to their ability to host single-photon emitters (SPEs). Although the properties of atomically thin materials are highly sensitive to surface modification, chemical functionalization remains unexplored in the design and control of 2D material SPEs. Here, we report a chemomechanical approach to modify SPEs in monolayer WSe2 through the synergistic combination of localized mechanical strain and noncovalent surface functionalization with aryl diazonium chemistry. Following the deposition of an aryl oligomer adlayer, the spectrally complex defect-related emission of strained monolayer WSe2 is simplified into spectrally isolated SPEs with high single-photon purity. Density functional theory calculations reveal energetic alignment between WSe2 defect states and adsorbed aryl oligomer energy levels, thus providing insight into the observed chemomechanically modified quantum emission. By revealing conditions under which chemical functionalization tunes SPEs, this work broadens the parameter space for controlling quantum emission in 2D materials.