bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid multi-criterial design of microwave components with robustness analysis by means of knowledge-based surrogates
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractManufacturing tolerances and uncertainties concerning material parameters, e.g., operating conditions or substrate permittivity are detrimental to characteristics of microwave components. The knowledge of relations between acceptable parameter deviations (not leading to violation of design specifications) and the nominal performance (not considering uncertainties), and is therefore indispensable. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization technique of microwave components with tolerance analysis. The goal is to identify a set of trade-off designs: nominal performance versus robustness (quantified by the maximum input tolerance values that allow for achieving 100-percent fabrication yield). Our approach exploits knowledge-driven regression predictors rendered using characteristic points (features) of the component’s response for a rapid evaluation of statistical performance figures, along with trust-region algorithm to enable low execution cost as well as convergence. The proposed methodology is verified with the use of three microstrip circuits, a broadband filter, and two branch-line couplers (a single- and a dual-band one). It is demonstrated that a Pareto set w.r.t. nominal performance and robustness objectives can be produced using only 40 to 60 EM simulations of the respective structure (per design). Reliability of the proposed algorithm is corroborated with the use of EM-based Monte Carlo simulation.
Toll-like receptors and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway involvement in hepatorenal oxidative damage induced by some food preservatives in rats
Authors: Abd-Elhakim Yasmina M. , Behairy Amany , Hashem Mohamed M. M. , Abo-EL-Sooud Khaled , El-Metwally Abeer E. , Hassan Bayan A. , Ali Haytham A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChemical food preservatives are extensively found in various processed food products in the human environment. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to five food preservatives (potassium sorbate (PS), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), sodium benzoate (SB), calcium propionate (CP), and boric acid (BA)) on the liver and kidney in rats and the probable underlying mechanisms. For 90 days, sixty male albino rats were orally given either water (control), 0.09 mg/kg b.wt BHA, 4.5 mg/kg b.wt PS, 0.9 mg/kg b.wt SB, 0.16 mg/kg b.wt BA, or 0.18 mg/kg b.wt CP. Liver and kidney function tests were assessed. Hepatic and renal oxidative stress biomarkers were estimated. Histologic examination analysis of liver and kidney tissues was achieved. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR-2 and TLR-4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) mRNA expression levels were measured. The results revealed that long-term oral dosing of the five food preservatives resulted in significant increases in alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels. There were significant reductions in hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes, an increase in MDA concentrations, and pathological alterations in renal and hepatic tissues. The mRNA levels of TLR-4, TLR-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α were elevated in the food preservatives-exposed groups. Conclusively, the current findings revealed that long-term exposure to PS, BHA, SB, CP, and BA has a negative impact on liver and kidney function. Furthermore, these negative effects could be mediated via oxidative stress induction, inflammatory reactions, and cytokine production.
Transgene-induced cell death following dengue-2 virus infection in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Carvalho Danilo O. , Costa-da-Silva Andre L. , Petersen Vivian , de Souza Micael Santana , Ioshino Rafaella S. , Marques Isabel C. S. , Franz Alexander W. E. , Olson Ken E. , James Anthony A. , Capurro Margareth L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDengue viruses (DENVs) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses causing millions of human infections each year and pose a challenge for public health systems worldwide.Aedes aegyptiis the principal vector species transmitting DENVs to humans. ControllingAe. aegyptiis difficult due to the abundance of breeding sites and increasing insecticide resistance in the vector populations. Developing new vector control strategies is critical for decreasing the disease burden. One potential approach is genetically replacingAe. aegyptipopulations with vector populations highly resistant to DENV transmission. Here, we focus on an alternative strategy for generating dengue 2 virus (DENV-2) resistance in genetically-modifiedAe. aegyptiin which the mosquitoes express an inactive form of Michelob_x (Mx), an antagonist of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP), to induce apoptosis in those cells in which actively replicating DENV-2 is present. The inactive form of Mx was flanked by the RRRRSAG cleavage motif, which was recognized by the NS2B/NS3 protease of the infecting DENV-2 thereby releasing and activating Mx which then induced apoptosis. Our transgenic strain exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate than the non-transgenic control when infected with DENV-2. We also transfected a DNA construct containing inactive Mx fused to eGFP into C6/36 mosquito cells and indirectly observed Mx activation on days 3 and 6 post-DENV-2 infections. There were clear signs that the viral NS2B/NS3 protease cleaved the transgene, thereby releasing Mx protein into the cytoplasm, as was confirmed by the detection of eGFP expression in infected cells. The present study represents proof of the concept that virus infection can be used to induce apoptosis in infected mosquito cells.
Association between social jetlag and chronic kidney disease among the Korean working population
Authors: Cho Seong-Sik , Chung Byung Ha , Lee Hye-Eun , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial jetlag refers to the discrepancy between social time and the body’s internal rhythm, which can lead to unfavorable health outcomes. However, no study has directly explored the relation between social jetlag and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to investigate the relationship between social jetlag and CKD in a representative population of South Korea. This study included 8259 currently economically active Korean population in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Social jetlag was calculated as the difference between the midpoint of sleep time on weekdays and free days. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated the by using the serum creatinine value according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Participants with an eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were defined as CKD cases. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased as social jetlag increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of CKD for 1–2 h of social jetlag was 0.926 (0.660–1.299), while the odds ratio for more than 2 h was 2.042 (1.328–3.139) when less than 1 h was used as reference. This study found that social jetlag and risk of CKD were significantly related in the Korean working population.
Stronger functional connectivity during reading contextually predictable words in slow readers
Authors: Weiss Kim-Lara , Hawelka Stefan , Hutzler Florian , Schuster Sarah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe effect of word predictability is well-documented in terms of local brain activation, but less is known about the functional connectivity among those regions associated with processing predictable words. Evidence from eye movement studies showed that the effect is much more pronounced in slow than in fast readers, suggesting that speed-impaired readers rely more on sentence context to compensate for their difficulties with visual word recognition. The present study aimed to investigate differences in functional connectivity of fast and slow readers within core regions associated with processing predictable words. We hypothesize a stronger synchronization between higher-order language areas, such as the left middle temporal (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the left occipito-temporal cortex (OTC) in slow readers. Our results show that slow readers exhibit more functional correlations among these connections; especially between the left IFG and OTC. We interpret our results in terms of the lexical quality hypothesis which postulates a stronger involvement of semantics on orthographic processing in (speed-)impaired readers.
Explainable artificial intelligence incorporated with domain knowledge diagnosing early gastric neoplasms under white light endoscopy
Authors: Dong Zehua , Wang Junxiao , Li Yanxia , Deng Yunchao , Zhou Wei , Zeng Xiaoquan , Gong Dexin , Liu Jun , Pan Jie , Shang Renduo , Xu Youming , Xu Ming , Zhang Lihui , Zhang Mengjiao , Tao Xiao , Zhu Yijie , Du Hongliu , Lu Zihua , Yao Liwen , Wu Lianlian , Yu Honggang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhite light endoscopy is the most pivotal tool for detecting early gastric neoplasms. Previous artificial intelligence (AI) systems were primarily unexplainable, affecting their clinical credibility and acceptability. We aimed to develop an explainable AI named ENDOANGEL-ED (explainable diagnosis) to solve this problem. A total of 4482 images and 296 videos with focal lesions from 3279 patients from eight hospitals were used for training, validating, and testing ENDOANGEL-ED. A traditional sole deep learning (DL) model was trained using the same dataset. The performance of ENDOANGEL-ED and sole DL was evaluated on six levels: internal and external images, internal and external videos, consecutive videos, and man–machine comparison with 77 endoscopists in videos. Furthermore, a multi-reader, multi-case study was conducted to evaluate the ENDOANGEL-ED’s effectiveness. A scale was used to compare the overall acceptance of endoscopists to traditional and explainable AI systems. The ENDOANGEL-ED showed high performance in the image and video tests. In man–machine comparison, the accuracy of ENDOANGEL-ED was significantly higher than that of all endoscopists in internal (81.10% vs. 70.61%, p < 0.001) and external videos (88.24% vs. 78.49%, p < 0.001). With ENDOANGEL-ED’s assistance, the accuracy of endoscopists significantly improved (70.61% vs. 79.63%, p < 0.001). Compared with the traditional AI, the explainable AI increased the endoscopists’ trust and acceptance (4.42 vs. 3.74, p < 0.001; 4.52 vs. 4.00, p < 0.001). In conclusion, we developed a real-time explainable AI that showed high performance, higher clinical credibility, and acceptance than traditional DL models and greatly improved the diagnostic ability of endoscopists.
No apparent trade-offs associated with heat tolerance in a reef-building coral
Authors: Lachs Liam , Humanes Adriana , Pygas Daniel R. , Bythell John C. , Mumby Peter J. , Ferrari Renata , Figueira Will F. , Beauchamp Elizabeth , East Holly K. , Edwards Alasdair J. , Golbuu Yimnang , Martinez Helios M. , Sommer Brigitte , van der Steeg Eveline , Guest James R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs marine species adapt to climate change, their heat tolerance will likely be under strong selection. Yet trade-offs between heat tolerance and other life history traits could compromise natural adaptation or assisted evolution. This is particularly important for ecosystem engineers, such as reef-building corals, which support biodiversity yet are vulnerable to heatwave-induced mass bleaching and mortality. Here, we exposed 70 colonies of the reef-building coral Acropora digitifera to a long-term marine heatwave emulation experiment. We tested for trade-offs between heat tolerance and three traits measured from the colonies in situ – colony growth, fecundity, and symbiont community composition. Despite observing remarkable within-population variability in heat tolerance, all colonies were dominated by Cladocopium C40 symbionts. We found no evidence for trade-offs between heat tolerance and fecundity or growth. Contrary to expectations, positive associations emerged with growth, such that faster-growing colonies tended to bleach and die at higher levels of heat stress. Collectively, our results suggest that these corals exist on an energetic continuum where some high-performing individuals excel across multiple traits. Within populations, trade-offs between heat tolerance and growth or fecundity may not be major barriers to natural adaptation or the success of assisted evolution interventions.
Correspondence of functional connectivity gradients across human isocortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus
Authors: Katsumi Yuta , Zhang Jiahe , Chen Danlei , Kamona Nada , Bunce Jamie G. , Hutchinson J. Benjamin , Yarossi Mathew , Tunik Eugene , Dickerson Bradford C. , Quigley Karen S. , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGradient mapping is an important technique to summarize high dimensional biological features as low dimensional manifold representations in exploring brain structure-function relationships at various levels of the cerebral cortex. While recent studies have characterized the major gradients of functional connectivity in several brain structures using this technique, very few have systematically examined the correspondence of such gradients across structures under a common systems-level framework. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, here we show that the organizing principles of the isocortex, and those of the cerebellum and hippocampus in relation to the isocortex, can be described using two common functional gradients. We suggest that the similarity in functional connectivity gradients across these structures can be meaningfully interpreted within a common computational framework based on the principles of predictive processing. The present results, and the specific hypotheses that they suggest, represent an important step toward an integrative account of brain function.
Ligand field tuning of d-orbital energies in metal-organic framework clusters
Authors: Diamond Brian G. , Payne Lillian I. , Hendon Christopher H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLinker functionalization is a common route used to affect the electronic and catalytic properties of metal-organic frameworks. By either pre- or post-synthetically installing linkages with differing linker moieties the band gap, workfunction, and exciton lifetimes have been shown to be affected. One overlooked aspect of linker functionalization, however, has been the impact on the metal d-orbital energies to which they are bound. The ligand field differences should result in substantial changes in d-splitting. In this study we use density functional theory (DFT) to study the energetics of d-orbital energy tuning as a function of linker chemistry. We offer a general descriptor, linker pKa, as a tool to predict resultant band energies in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Our calculations reveal that simple functionalizations can affect the band energies, of primarily metal d lineage, by up to 2 eV and illustrate the significance of this band modularity using four archetypal MOFs: UiO-66, MIL-125, ZIF-8, and MOF-5. Together, we show that linker functionalization dramatically affects d-energies in MOF clusters and highlight that linker functionalization is a useful route for fine-tuning band edges centered on the metals, rather than linkers themselves.
Economic inequalities and discontent in European cities
Authors: Lenzi Camilla , Perucca Giovanni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper reconsiders a stylized fact of the literature on the relationship between urbanization and subjective well-being, the urban well-being paradox, i.e., the densest settings typically show the highest level of individual discontent. By drawing on an original sample based on more 50,000 individuals in 83 cities of the 27 member states of the European Union plus the UK, the paper highlights three main results. First, bigger cities are characterized by intrinsically higher inequalities than smaller ones, suggesting a scaling of disparities: interpersonal inequalities represent an often-overlooked cause of urbanization diseconomies. Second, compositional effects on discontent are particularly detrimental in cities, suggesting a scaling of discontent. Moreover, compositional and contextual characteristics mix in cities, amplifying the negative effect of inequalities especially for the most fragile social groups. Third, discontent with life and discontent with specific domains of city life do not always go in tandem. Nevertheless, the advantages of largest cities seem especially a benefit for élite individuals.
Hydrogen-induced degradation dynamics in silicon heterojunction solar cells via machine learning
Authors: Diggs Andrew , Zhao Zitong , Meidanshahi Reza Vatan , Unruh Davis , Manzoor Salman , Bertoni Mariana , Goodnick Stephen M. , Zimányi Gergely T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmong silicon-based solar cells, heterojunction cells hold the world efficiency record. However, their market acceptance is hindered by an initial 0.5% per year degradation of their open circuit voltage which doubles the overall cell degradation rate. Here, we study the performance degradation of crystalline-Si/amorphous-Si:H heterojunction stacks. First, we experimentally measure the interface defect density over a year, the primary driver of the degradation. Second, we develop SolDeg, a multiscale, hierarchical simulator to analyze this degradation by combining Machine Learning, Molecular Dynamics, Density Functional Theory, and Nudged Elastic Band methods with analytical modeling. We discover that the chemical potential for mobile hydrogen develops a gradient, forcing the hydrogen to drift from the interface, leaving behind recombination-active defects. We find quantitative correspondence between the calculated and experimentally determined defect generation dynamics. Finally, we propose a reversed Si-density gradient architecture for the amorphous-Si:H layer that promises to reduce the initial open circuit voltage degradation from 0.5% per year to 0.1% per year.
Bedrock mediates responses of ecosystem productivity to climate variability
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Martin Jonathan B. , Cohen Matthew J. , Tu Tongbi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSensitivity of ecosystem productivity to climate variability is a critical component of ecosystem resilience to climate change. Variation in ecosystem sensitivity is influenced by many variables. Here we investigate the effect of bedrock lithology and weathering products on the sensitivity of ecosystem productivity to variation in climate water deficit using Bayesian statistical models. Two thirds of terrestrial ecosystems exhibit negative sensitivity, where productivity decreases with increased climate water deficit, while the other third exhibit positive sensitivity. Variation in ecosystem sensitivity is significantly affected by regolith porosity and permeability and regolith and soil thickness, indicating that lithology, through its control on water holding capacity, exerts important controls on ecosystem sensitivity. After accounting for effects of these four variables, significant differences in sensitivity remain among ecosystems on different rock types, indicating the complexity of bedrock effects. Our analysis suggests that regolith affects ecosystem sensitivity to climate change worldwide and thus their resilience.
Stimulus‐responsive nano lipidosome for enhancing the anti‐tumour effect of a novel peptide Dermaseptin‐PP
Authors: Wang Changhai , Dong Ziyi , Zhang Qing , Guo Mingxue , Hu Wenjun , Dong Shuang , Jakkree Tangthianchaichana , Lu Yang , Du Shouying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveDermaseptin‐PP is a newly discovered anticancer peptide with a unique antitumour mechanism and remarkable effect. However, this α‐helix anticancer peptide risks haemolysis when used at high doses, which limits its further application. This study aims to prepare a pH‐responsive liposome, Der‐loaded‐pHSL, using nanotechnology to avoid the haemolysis risk of Dermaseptin‐PP and increase its accumulation in tumour sites to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity.MethodsThe characterisation of Der‐loaded‐pHSL was carried out employing preparation. The effect of haemolysis and tumour inhibition were investigated by in vitro haemolysis assay and cytotoxicity assay. The cell uptake under different pH conditions was investigated by flow cytometry, and the effect of pH on tumour cell selectivity was evaluated. In order to evaluate the in vivo targeting and antitumour effect of Der‐loaded‐pHSL, the in vivo distribution experiment and the pharmacodynamic experiment were performed using the nude mouse tumour model.ResultsThe preparation method of the Der‐loaded‐pHSL is simple, and the liposome has good nanoparticle characteristics. When Dermaseptin‐PP was prepared as liposome, haemolysis was significantly decreased, and tumour cell inhibition was significantly enhanced. Compared with ordinary liposomes, this change was more significant in Der‐loaded‐pHSL. The uptake of pH‐sensitive liposomes was higher in the simulated acidic tumour microenvironment, and the uptake showed a specific acid dependence. In vivo experiments showed that Der‐loaded‐pHSL had a significant tumour‐targeting effect and could significantly enhance the antitumour effect of Dermaseptin‐PP.ConclusionDer‐loaded‐pHSL designed in this study is a liposome with a quick, simple, effective preparation method, which can significantly reduce the haemolytic toxicity of Dermaseptin‐PP and enhance its antitumour effect by increasing the tumour accumulation and cell intake. It provides a new idea for applying Dermaseptin‐PP and other anticancer peptides with α‐helical structure.
Co-construction et « perspective patient » : la démarche d’intervention du Pôle de ressources en éducation thérapeutique du patient d’Île-de-France
Authors: Dorsa Mariana , Lacamoire Tiffany , Duvivier Marie , Zucchello Alexia , Naiditch Michel , Sannié Thomas , Limbourg Andréa , Traynard Pierre Yves 
Published: April 2023

Introduction/Objectifs : Si la prise en compte des savoirs expérientiels des personnes malades chroniques est un des fondements de l’éducation thérapeutique, la concrétisation de relations de partenariat nécessite des apprentissages et de la transformation des pratiques des acteurs. Cet article présente la démarche d’intervention du Pôle de ressources en ETP – IdF pour soutenir le développement de pratiques coopératives entre professionnels et patients. Contributions/Description : À partir d’une description de la co-construction de deux projets pluri-partenariaux, nous expliciterons les éléments facilitant l’engagement des acteurs et la réalisation de solutions correspondant aux besoins des patients. Nous soulignons l’importance de la co-conception des projets ; des valeurs et principes communs ; de la gouvernance collective ; de l’animation d’espaces dialogiques d’analyse de pratiques ; des outils facilitant la coopération ; et d’une évaluation participative et formative. Discussion/Conclusion : La fonction de tiers « tercéisateur » exercée par le Pôle ETP et le rôle central de la « perspective patient » sont deux leviers du processus de co-construction. Au-delà des solutions matérielles en résultant, les effets immatériels sont le développement de l’empowerment des participants, dans une perspective individuelle, mais aussi potentiellement collective et organisationnelle.