bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An effect of canopy bridges on monkey‐vehicle collision hotspots: Spatial and spatiotemporal analyses
Authors: Cunneyworth Pamela M. K. , Andrášik Richard , Bíl Michal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlmost one‐quarter of primate species are reported to be involved in vehicle collisions. To mitigate these collisions, canopy bridges are used though their effectiveness is not broadly substantiated. We studied bridge impact on 23 years of vehicle collisions (2000–2022:N = 765) with colobus (Colobus angolensis palliatus), Sykes' (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis), and vervet (Chlorocebus pygerythrus hilgerti) monkeys in Diani, Kenya. Along a 9 km road, collisions did not decrease over the study duration, although bridges increased from 8 to 30. Using the kernel density estimation plus (KDE+) method, collisions appeared highly concentrated at some locations. These concentrations, called hotspots, represent hazardous road segments, though the hotspots for all three species overlapped for only 3% of the road length. We then inspected the collision hotspots over time, using the spatiotemporal extension of the KDE+ method. We compared hotspot presence in the 3 years before and after bridge installation to determine if bridges mitigated these hotspots. Hotspots disappeared for ~60% of bridges postinstallation, suggesting that bridges effectively reduce some collisions. However, of the bridges installed in locations that were not hotspots, 13% had hotspots emerge. Surprisingly, regardless of preinstallation hotspot occurrence, almost one‐fifth of bridges had postinstallation hotspots. To understand the extent to which bridges mitigate collisions, other factors need consideration, including species attributes and crossing behavior, and road features and vehicle volume. We used the novel analytical method because it best suited our data set, given the challenges of determining the bridge impact zone and the low collision frequency.
Current distribution of two species of Chinese macaques (Macaca arctoides and Macaca thibetana) and the possible influence of climate change on future distribution
Authors: Li Wen‐Bo , Yang Pei‐Pei , Xia Dong‐Po , Li Ming , Li Jin‐Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPredicting the spatial distribution of species and suitable areas under global climate change could provide a reference for species conservation and long‐term management strategies. Macaca thibetana and Macaca arctoides are two endangered species of Chinese macaques. However, limited information is available on their distribution, and their habitat needs lack proper assessment due to complicated taxonomy and less research attention. In recent years, scholars widely used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the impact of global climate and certain environmental factors on species distribution. Therefore, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of both macaque species under six climate change scenarios using occurrence and high‐resolution ecological data. We identified climatic factors, elevation, and land cover that shape their distribution range and determined shifts in their habitat range. The results demonstrated that temperature range, annual precipitation, forest land cover, and temperature seasonality, including the precipitation of the driest month are the main factors affecting their distribution. Currently, M. thibetana is mainly concentrated in central, eastern, southern, and southwestern China, and M. arctoides is mainly concentrated in three provinces (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong) in southern China. The MaxEnt model predicted that the suitable habitat for both species will increase with increased greenhouse emission scenarios. We also found that with the further increase in greenhouse emissions M. thibetana is expected to migrate to western China, and M. arctoides is expected to migrate to western or eastern China. This reinterpretation of the distribution of M. thibetana and M. arctoides in China, and predicted potential suitable habitat and possible migration direction, may provide new insights into the future conservation and management of these two species.
Fine‐Tuning Redox Properties of Heteroleptic Molybdenum Complexes through Ligand‐Ligand‐Cooperativity
Authors: Elvers Benedict J. , Pätsch Sebastian , Bandaru Siva S. M. , Krewald Vera , Schulzke Carola , Fischer Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeteroleptic molybdenum complexes bearing 1,5‐diaza‐3,7‐diphosphacyclooctane (P2N2) and non‐innocent dithiolene ligands were synthesized and electrochemically characterized. The reduction potentials of the complexes were found to be fine‐tuned by a synergistic effect identified by DFT calculations as ligand‐ligand cooperativity via non‐covalent interactions. This finding is supported by electrochemical studies combined with UV/Vis spectroscopy and temperature‐dependent NMR spectroscopy. The observed behavior is reminiscent of enzymatic redox modulation using second ligand sphere effects.
Laccase immobilization on bacterial cellulose produced in a mulberry pomace waste extract medium: Characterization and use for dye decolorization
Authors: Unlu Fevziye , Boran Filiz , Yesilada Ozfer , Koytepe Suleyman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to immobilize laccase on dry bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus B759 in mulberry pomace waste extract as a low‐cost and natural waste by‐product and to determine the effectiveness of the obtained laccase immobilized BC (Lac/BC) for textile dye decolorization. The highest BC yield obtained after optimization studies was as 1.70 g/L in pH 8.0 medium at 32°C after 15 days. BC and Lac/BC structures were characterized by different instrumental techniques. A transition to more amorphous character was observed with the binding of the enzyme structure. The morphological properties and fiber structure of the BC and enzyme‐linked cellulose structures were examined by SEM and AFM analyses. Obtained Lac/BC pieces were used for the decolorization of Reactive Blue 171 (RB 171) and Reactive Blue 198 (RB 198) diazo dyes during the repeated‐batch process. As a result of using 12 pieces of Lac/BC, 93% and 98% decolorization values were obtained for the RB 171 and RB 198 dyes in the first use, while the color removal was still 83% and 51% at the 8th use, respectively. The results showed that BC produced in a mulberry pomace waste extract can be used for laccase immobilization and Lac/BC is an effective and promising system for textile dye decolorization.
Amelioration of Fibrotic Remodeling of Human 3‐Dimensional Full‐Thickness Skin by Transglutamase 2 Inhibition
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Trinh‐Minh Thuong , Matei Alexandru‐Emil , Györfi Andrea‐Hermina , Hong Xuezhi , Bergmann Christina , Schett Georg , Atkinson John , Bowcutt Rowann , Patel Jessal , Johnson Timothy S. , Distler Jörg H. W. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveFibrotic tissues are characterized by excessive crosslinking between extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, rendering them more resistant to degradation. Although increased crosslinking of ECM is thought to play an important role for progression of tissue fibrosis, enhanced ECM crosslinking has not yet been targeted therapeutically in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Here, we investigated the role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a central crosslinking enzyme, in the activation of SSc fibroblasts.MethodsWe assessed TG2 expression and activity using TG2 staining, Western blotting, and TG2 activity assays. We inhibited TG2 in fibroblasts cultured under standard 2‐dimensional conditions and in a 3‐dimensional full‐thickness equivalent skin model using monoclonal inhibitory anti‐TG2 antibodies.ResultsTG2 expression was increased in the skin of patients with SSc compared with healthy controls, with levels particularly high in patients with SSc‐associated interstitial lung disease. TG2 expression and TG2 activity were also increased in SSc dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, the levels of circulating TG2 in the plasma samples from SSc patients were increased versus samples from healthy controls. Anti‐TG2 antibodies did not show consistent antifibrotic effects across different fibroblast cell lines under 2‐dimensional culture conditions; however, anti‐TG2 antibodies effectively reduced transforming growth factor β–induced dermal thickening, myofibroblast differentiation, and collagen accumulation in the 3‐dimensional full‐thickness model of human skin.ConclusionWe provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that inhibition of TG2 might be a potential antifibrotic approach in SSc. Our findings have translational potential as anti‐TG2 antibodies are currently evaluated in a phase II clinical trial in chronic allograft injury and would thus be available for clinical studies in SSc (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04335578).image
First UK patient cohort treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for primary kidney cancer
Authors: Zarkar Anjali , Henderson Dan , Carver Antony , Heyes Geoff , Harrop Victoria , Tutill Sarah , Kilkenny Julie , Marshall Andrea , Elbeltagi Nada , Howard Helen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsStereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a promising non‐invasive ablative treatment option. A prospective interventional clinical trial published showed that treatment was feasible and well tolerated. We present the first single‐institution UK cohort of patients with primary RCC receiving protocol‐based SABR with prospective follow‐up. We also present a protocol that could be used to facilitate more widespread use of the treatment.Materials and methodsNineteen biopsy‐proven primary RCC patients were treated with either 42 Gy in three fractions on alternate days or 26 Gy in a single fraction based on predefined eligibility criteria using either Linear Accelerator or CyberKnife platform. Prospective toxicity data using CTCAE V4.0 and outcome data such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and tumour response using CT thorax, abdomen and pelvis (CT‐TAP) were collected at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post treatment.ResultsThe 19 patients had a median age of 76 years (interquartile range [IQR] 64–82 years) and 47.4% were males, and they had a median tumour size of 4.5 cm (IQR 3.8–5.2 cm). Single and fractionated treatment was well tolerated and there were no significant acute side effects. The mean drop from baseline in eGFR at 6 months was 5.4 ml/min and that at 12 months was 8.7 ml/min. The overall local control rate at both 6 and 12 months was 94.4%. Overall survival at 6 and 12 months was 94.7% and 78.3%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 17 months, three patients experienced a Grade 3 toxicity, which was resolved with conservative management.ConclusionSABR for primary RCC is a safe and feasible treatment for medically unfit patients, which can be delivered in most UK cancer centres using standard Linear Accelerator as well as CyberKnife platforms.
A new application of isoindole fluorophore derivative in sitagliptin antidiabetic medication assay: Application to dosage forms and biological fluid evaluation
Authors: El Hamd Mohamed A. , Soltan Osama M. , Abdelrahman Kamal S. , Alsaggaf Wejdan T. , Abu‐hassan Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 enzyme suppressant is a unique category of oral antidiabetic medication. Sitagliptin (STG) is a perfect member of this category and is pharmaceutically marketed alone or in combination with metformin. Here, the ideal application of an isoindole derivative for STG assay was developed using a feasible, easy‐to‐use, economic, and affordable method. STG as an amino group donor can form a luminescent derivative: isoindole on interaction with o‐phthalaldehyde and the existence of (2‐mercaptoethanol) 0.02% (v/v) as a thiol group donor. Excitation (339.7 nm) and emission (434.6 nm) wavelengths were used to monitor the isoindole fluorophore yield; moreover, each experimental variable was carefully investigated and adjusted. The calibration graph was constructed by plotting fluorescence intensities against STG concentrations, and controlled linearity was observed at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 ng/ml. The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines were analyzed in depth to prove the technique validation. The implementation of the present technique was extended successfully to the evaluation of various types of STG dose forms and spiking samples of human plasma and urine. The developed technique was shown to be an effective, simple, and quick replacement for quality control and clinical study evaluation of STG.
Knowledge, attitudes, views and experiences of fathers toward child sexual abuse: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Apaydin Cirik Vildan , Bulut Elif , Aksoy Bahar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate (i) the knowledge levels and attitudes of fathers toward child sexual abuse (CSA), (ii) factors influencing their knowledge and attitudes, and (iii) views on the CSA, using a sequential exploratory mixed method and a cross‐sectional and phenomenological approach. The quantitative stage was conducted with the fathers of 258 children in a public primary school in Turkey between June and August 2021. In the qualitative stage, data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews with 14 fathers between October 2021 and January 2022 using a sociodemographic form, the CSA Knowledge/Attitude Scale (CSAKAS) and a semi‐structured interview form. The mean total CSAKAS score was 129.51 ± 20.23. CSAKAS total scores were found to be higher in those with bachelor's or higher education degrees (F = 3.374, p = 0.019), background knowledge of CSA (t = 4.291, p < 0.001), receiving information about protecting their child from sexual abuse (t = 3.633, p < 0.001) and having a higher level of communication with their children (r = 0.422, p < 0.001). In the analysis of the qualitative data, three main themes emerged: the emotional conceptualization of CSA, potential drivers of CSA and protectors against CSA. According to the results, fathers do not take responsibility for CSA, so it is recommended to plan educational programs.
Tuning the Photophysical Properties and Photostability of Bis(naphthobipyrrolylmethene) Derived BODIPY via Functionalization
Authors: Sucharita Sahoo Sipra , Sarma Tridib , Shivaprakash Srivishnu Kalavala , Panda Pradeepta K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA series of NIR absorbing and emitting, naphthobipyrrole derived BODIPY dyes are reported. These dyes possess different functional groups viz. −CHO, −CN, −NO2, ‐Br and Ph at its α,α′‐positions. All the derivatives were characterized thoroughly via various spectroscopic means as well as single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses. Impacts of functionalization on its photophysical properties as well as photostability were evaluated. For instance, incorporation of the phenyl moieties at the α, α′‐positions by Suzuki coupling of the dibromo‐derivative 4 with phenyl boronic acid led to substantial bathochromic shift in absorption (762 vs 727 nm) and emission (778 vs 744 nm) relative to the unsubstituted parent dye VI. Theoretical calculations have been performed by ground state optimization to evaluate the electronic transitions which supports experimental observation.
NAGNet: A novel framework for real‐time students' sentiment analysis in the wisdom classroom
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Hu Pengyun , Tang Xianpiao , Xia Daoxun , Huang Haifeng 
Published: April 2023

SummaryFacial expression is the basis of human emotion recognition, and we can infer the emotional state of human beings by analysing facial expressions. As the main method of human emotional expression, facial expression contains much information about inner emotional changes. In recent years, with the wide application of artificial intelligence in education, related research on student sentiment analysis has become a hot topic in the educational technology field. Analysing affective data is helpful for understanding students' learning status and provides an important basis for the effective implementation of learning interventions, which is of great significance for the evaluation of teaching effects and changes in teaching methods. However, traditional learner emotion recognition methods have some problems, such as low recognition rates, complex algorithms, poor robustness, and easy loss of the key information of facial expression features. Therefore, this article proposes a learner emotion recognition method based on NAGNet. The network model is composed of Res2Net, nonlocal attention and GeM pooling, which can fuse global expression feature information to realize fine‐grained sentiment analysis. Additionally, we conducted training and experiments on the large‐scale learner emotion dataset FERPlus. The NAGNet model trained by the public emotion dataset FERPlus has a recognition accuracy of 89.3% for eight kinds of student emotions. The experimental results show that the method can quickly and accurately identify learner emotional states. We conduct experiments in a real classroom scenario, and use the NAGNet model proposed in this article to analyse and detect students' real‐time sentiment. Then teachers improve teaching methods by understanding the feedback of students' classroom status. Therefore, this method has important reference significance in the construction of wisdom classrooms and wisdom learning environments.
Titanium Doping Induced the Suppression of Irreversible Phase Transformation at High Voltage for V‐based Phosphate Cathodes of Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tong Shuai , Pan Hui , Liu Hang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Xiangyu , Jia Min , Kang Yahao , Yuan Yong , Du Xinyi , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolyanionic material, specifically the NASICON‐type material, is considered a promising cathode material for Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of its stable structure and high operating voltage. Further, it improves the energy density correlated with the well utilization of all Na in the compound. For Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF), the extraction of the third Na, reported as the electrochemical inactivated, can be realized at a high voltage region while forming an irreversible tetragonal phase. In this study, we introduce Ti doping to the Na2VTi(PO4)2F3 (NVTPF) material; we reveal that the Ti‐doped NVTPF could effectively suppress the irreversible phase transformation, thus successfully harnessing Na in a wide voltage range. Experimental study discloses that the Ti‐substituted Na2VTi(PO4)2F3 could take up the Na+ from Amam phase to Cmc21 phase between 1.0 V and 4.8 V reversibly accounting for the 2 Na+ transportation that shows favorable Na+ kinetics and structural stability. Our research provides the strategy to stabilize the polyanion structure upon charging at a high voltage range and inspires the utilization of full sodium in the polyanionic materials, which could be considered as a material design for future conventional applications.
Simple and rapid detection of Alternaria alternata using an excreted redox‐active species
Authors: Kwon Jungwook , Jeon Jun Hui , Yang Sung Ik , Yang Haesik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAirborne fungi pose a serious threat to public health. Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) is a fungus that has been associated with the development of asthma. Detection using redox‐active species excreted from fungi is an effective method for a simple electrochemical fungal biosensor. The achievable electrochemical signal in most fungi, however, is exceptionally low because of the low amount of excreted redox‐active species and their slow excretion rates. Herein, we report that A. alternata excretes an exceptionally large amount of a redox‐active species that can be used for sensitive and selective detection of A. alternata. The excretion rate is enhanced in Tris buffer, and the electrochemical‐chemical redox cycling involving excreted redox‐active species significantly increases the electrochemical signals. Only A. alternata among five common airborne fungi provides large electrochemical signals, which allows selective detection of A. alternata. The calculated detection limit for A. alternata is ~20 spores/mL with an incubation period of 10 min, indicating that the detection method is highly sensitive and rapid. The detection method does not require complicated procedures or harsh pretreatment and is optimal for point‐of‐care testing of A. alternata.
An approach for application of ozone bleaching and nano‐filler loading on quality of papermaking from sorghum bagasse as a promise alternative non‐wood fiber
Authors: Said Abd El‐Aziz A. , Aly Aref A. M. , Mostafa Atef H. , Ahmed Hazem S. , Goda Mohamed N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past years, non‐stop research and development has continued to find the most suitable bleaching sequence for each source of fibrous raw materials, both wood and non‐wood, by improving mixing technology. In this work, the role of ozone bleaching and nano‐filler loading on the quality of papermaking from sorghum bagasse as an alternative available agriculture residue in Egypt was studied. We bleached the sorghum Kraft pulp using D0EOD1 and ZEOD sequences to achieve a final high brightness and suitable mechanical strength. The quality of the pulp obtained is proved to be excellent for paper industry. CaCO3 nano‐filler was applied on bleached pulp sheets in order to decrease the production costs through increasing filler loading. The FTIR spectrum of this filler loaded on the pulp indicates the existence of some kind of bonds between them. In addition, it was observed that the particle size was reduced after the milling process. The nano‐filler significantly enhanced the retention and consequently all the paper optical properties. Addition of nano‐filler loading leads to improving brightness, opacity, scattering coefficient, and acceptable mechanical strength of sheet formation needed for papermaking. It is of interest to note that adopting the ZEOD sequence gave a brightness increase from 86 ISO in case of DoEOD1 to 90 ISO. Furthermore, the paper sheets filled with the nano‐filler, according to this sequence, improved the brightness to be 94.6 ISO, a value higher than that produced by the standard commercial filler of 93.3 ISO.