bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New technology for milking vacuum diagnostics helps veterinarians better understand udder health problems
Authors: Detrick K. , Postma E. M. 
Published: February 2023

Udder health problems are often related to the milking equipment, many times in combination with inadequate milking routines. Notorious are teat-end vacuum fluctuations due to insufficient vacuum capacity, pathogens reaching the teat-end due to 'back-spray', and of course insufficient preparation before milking.
Most veterinarians are familiar with the Milking Time Test, or 'wet test'. In the wet test, the milking vacuum and pulsation are recorded during milking, which gives a good indication of how the milking equipment and milking routines perform in real life - when milking cows. Veterinarians understand the high value of this wet test because it helps them determine if an udder health problem is animal related or equipment related.
Despite this, many veterinarians are reluctant to do a wet test because of the perceived complexity and time it consumes. When normally performing a wet test, the veterinarian is wired to the milking point, meaning that the milking routines cannot be observed; moreover, the veterinarian's presence disturbs the milking routine. To get a good overview, data for quite a few cow milkings should be recorded, which implies that the veterinarian is trapped in the milking parlor and cannot spend his valuable time on anything else.
This poster is about experiences of European veterinarians and advisers with a new battery operated data logger that logs the vacuum autonomously at four points during milking. This data logger (VaDia) is small and light enough to be taped to a teat cup and makes wet testing much easier, faster, and hands- and eyes-free.
Evaluation of thoracic radiographic in full-term and premature lambs
Authors: Bovino F. , Denadai D. S. , Avila L. G. , Ciarlini L. D. R. P. , Fietosa F. L. F. , Mendes L. C. N. 
Published: February 2023

Immediately after the birth, the airways are rapidly cleared of liquid to allow the onset of air breathing. This initiates a cascade of physiologic changes to enable the lung to adapt to gas exchange. Pulmonary fluid production decreases over the last few days before natural delivery. Radiographs can help to evaluate the type, severity, and location of pulmonary disease. The infiltrates can be characterized as interstitial, alveolar, or bronchiolar patterns and as focal or diffuse. Interpretation of thoracic radiographs of the neonate can often be challenging because immature lungs can appear radiographically similar to diseased lungs. Extensive alveolar patterns generally indicate a severe respiratory disorder (atelectasis, respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia etc.), while the interstitial pattern commonly suggests an earlier or milder form of disease.
The aim of this study was to describe and compare the thoracic radiographic pattern changes in full-term and premature lambs.
Applied feedlot immunology
Authors: Hunsaker Breck D. 
Published: February 2023

Outcomes such as health performance, growth performance, and feed efficiency - outcomes that are clinically relevant and economically important to beef cattle producers and veterinarians involved in production medicine are the most clinically relevant and economically important outcomes by which to evaluate immune function in beef cattle populations. Although substitution indicators like serum antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation assays and other laboratory assays may be indirectly related to the health and performance of the populations of interest, they are not directly correlated with the economically important outcomes essential to the financial health of the beef cattle businesses for which food animal veterinarians provide service.
A number of factors or events impact immune function of cattle that are received and fed in North American feedlots. These include, but are not limited to, weaning, commingling, transportation, arrival processing surgical procedures, nutritional status and environmental conditions. The expression of immune function in terms of health performance, growth performance, and feed efficiency, during the feeding phase is affected by not only arrival conditions and procedures conducted at feedlot arrival or management during the feeding phase, but the background and history of management prior to feedlot arrival. These are the most economically important measures of immune function.
Antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Wennekamp Trent R. , Campbell John R. , Waldner Cheryl L. , Larson Kathy , Windeyer Claire , Trokhymchuk Anatoliy 
Published: February 2023

Antimicrobials are important tools in modern beef production. Antimicrobial drugs are often used for metaphylaxis to prevent and treat early cases of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) as well as for therapeutic purposes in feedlot cattle. Antimicrobial resistance of bovine respiratory pathogens can result in treatment failures and losses associated with increased treatment costs and mortalities.
Mixing of cattle from multiple sources within auction markets has always been a significant risk factor for BRD. The stress of establishing a social dominance hierarchy along with the mixing of pathogens from a variety of farm sources can increase the risk of BRD in weaned calves. One method feedlots have used to mitigate this risk is to reduce mixing stress by purchasing calves directly from the ranch rather than through the auction market.
The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity of 3 major bovine respiratory disease (BRD) bacterial pathogens at arrival and again later in the feeding period in feedlot calves derived from the auction market and from a single ranch source.
Update on Trichomoniasis
Authors: Estill Charles T. , Schnuelle Julie G. 
Published: February 2023

In recent years diagnostic surveillance for bovine trichomoniasis has increased since most states require testing prior to interstate movement of non-virgin bulls. However, bovine trichomoniasis continues to be an economically significant disease, particularly in beef cattle, in much of the United States. The disease produces no clinical signs in bulls but can have devastating reproductive consequences on females resulting in reduced calf crops and extended calving seasons. The organism is efficiently transmitted via the venereal route. Although prevalence may be highest in older bulls it has been documented to occur in non-virgin bulls of any age. Bulls are believed to be persistently infected but females develop short lived immunity and naturally clear the infection within 3-22 months. Diagnosis is made by culture in selective media and/or by PCR identification of the organism in smegma samples collected by preputial scraping. Samples of reproductive or fetal fluids obtained from females can also be tested. Readers should consult their state veterinary diagnostic labs for instructions on sample preparation and shipment.
Control of trichomoniasis is primarily through testing and culling of positive bulls. There are no approved, effective treatments available. However, vaccination of females will, in most cases, improve reproductive indices in infected herds.
Carbon footprint (kg CO2e) expended in the aquaculture: An assessment of concrete pond rainbow trout farming from Türkiye
Authors: Diken Gürkan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe carbon footprint (CF) of animal production systems can be estimated by their standings against global protein demand. Türkiye is the largest producer of rainbow trout in Europe, but there is little data on its CF. This study aimed to evaluate the CF expended of concrete pond rainbow trout (CPRT) farming. The data were obtained from a farm with an annual project production capacity of 350 tonnes (APC) over a three-year production (TYP) with different harvest amounts. The total CF expended was the summation of CF expended on compound diets, general management, transportation and machinery, equipment, and construction. The total CF expended was calculated at 1.78 and 1.67 kg CO2e on average for TYP and APC, respectively. The TYP average values of CF expended per kg of protein deposited in harvested/fresh weight fish and CF expended per Mcal of cultural energy expended during production were 10.66 and 0.36 kg CO2e, respectively. The CF expended per 100 kcal food energy in harvested fish was calculated at 0.1263 and 0.1173 kg CO2e on average for TYP and APC, respectively. Aquafeed production and transportation are the important CF expended sources in CPRT. Future studies must be species-specific and culture-specific.
Naturally Occurring Xanthones; Biological Activities, Chemical Profiles and In Silico Drug Discovery
Authors: El-Seedi Hesham R. , Ibrahim Hasnaa M.S. , Yosri Nermeen , Ibrahim Mahmoud A.A. , Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F. , Setzer William N. , Guo Zhiming , Zou Xiaobo , Refaey Mohamed S. , Salem Suhila E. , Musharraf Syed G. , Saeed Aamer , Salem Sara E. , Xu Baojun , Zhao Chao , Khalifa Shaden A.M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Xanthones are widely distributed polyphenols, present commonly in higher
plants; Garcinia, Calophyllum, Hypericum, Platonia, Mangifera, Gentiana and Swertia.
Xanthone tricyclic scaffold is able to interact with different biological targets, showing
antibacterial and cytotoxic effects, as well as potent effects against osteoarthritis, malaria,
and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, in this article we focused on pharmacological effects,
applications and preclinical studies with the recent updates of xanthon´s isolated compounds
from 2017-2020. We found that only α-mangostin, gambogic acid, and mangiferin,
have been subjected to preclinical studies with particular emphasis on the development
of anticancer, diabetes, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective therapeutics. Molecular docking
calculations were performed to predict the binding affinities of xanthone-derived
compounds against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. According to the results, cratoxanthone E and morellic
acid demonstrated promising binding affinities towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with
docking scores of −11.2 and −11.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Binding features manifested the
capability of cratoxanthone E and morellic acid to exhibit nine and five hydrogen bonds,
respectively, with the key amino acids of the Mpro active site. In conclusion, cratoxanthone
E and morellic acid are promising anti-COVID-19 drug candidates that warrant further detailed
in vivo experimental estimation and clinical assessment.
A Review on Garlic as a Supplement for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mechanistic
Insight into its Direct and Indirect Effects
Authors: Ghazimoradi Mohammad Mahdi , Pour Mozhgan Ghobadi , Ghoushi Ehsan , Ahmadabadi Hadise Karimi , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most complicated neurodegenerative diseases causing dementia
in human beings. Aside from that, the incidence of AD is increasing and its treatment is very complicated.
There are several known hypotheses regarding the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, including the amyloid beta
hypothesis, tau hypothesis, inflammation hypothesis, and cholinergic hypothesis, which are investigated in
different researches to completely elucidate the pathology of AD. Besides, some new mechanisms, such as immune,
endocrine, and vagus pathways, as well as bacteria metabolite secretions, are being explained as other
causes to be somehow related to AD pathogenesis. There is still no definite treatment for Alzheimer’s disease
that can completely cure and eradicate AD. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a traditional herb used as a spice in different
cultures, and due to the organosulfur compounds, like allicin, it possesses highly anti-oxidant properties; the
benefits of garlic in cardiovascular diseases, like hypertension and atherosclerosis, have been examined and reviewed,
although its beneficiary effects in neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, are not completely understood.
In this review, we discuss the effects of garlic based on its components, such as allicin and S-allyl cysteine,
on Alzheimer’s disease and the mechanisms of garlic components that can be beneficiary for AD patients,
including its effects on amyloid beta, oxidative stress, tau protein, gene expression, and cholinesterase enzymes.
Based on the literature review, garlic has been revealed to have beneficiary effects on Alzheimer’s disease,
especially in animal studies; however, more studies should be done on humans to find the exact mechanisms
of garlic’s effects on AD patients.
2-Guanidinobenzazoles as Building Blocks to Afford Biologically Active Derivatives
Authors: Rosales-Hernández Martha Cecilia , Cruz Alejandro , Mendieta-Wejebe Jessica Elena , Tamay-Cach Feliciano 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
1,3-Benzazoles (BZs) are interesting compounds in medicinal chemistry. For instance,
compounds with the BZ nucleus exhibit diverse biological activities and some of them
are broadly utilized in clinical applications. In this sense, medicinal chemists aim at the development
of new procedures to synthesize these kinds of molecules. The 2-aminobenzimidazole
2ABI derivatives, such as Enviradine (antiviral), Astemizole (antihistaminic), and Albendazole
(antimicrobial), which contain the intra-cyclic guanidine nucleus, are used in medicinal chemistry.
The guanidine group, considered a super base, when bonded to a benzazole ring, results
in the 2-guanidinobenzazoles (2GBZs), modifying the biological activity of these heterocycles.
The structure of 2GBZs is of significance as the 10-π electron system of the aromatic benzazole
ring is conjugated with the exocyclic guanidine group to acquire a planar delocalized
structure. This class of molecules has at least four nitrogen atoms with free lone pairs and four
labile hydrogen atoms, resulting in these compounds having amphoteric character. On the other hand, synthetic
chemists have used 2GBZs as a building block to produce derivatives as medicinally important molecules. On these
bases, in this work, we prepared a bibliographic review of the methodologies reported in the literature used in the
synthesis of 2GBZ derivatives of pharmacological interest. We focused the investigation on 2-guanidinebenzoxazol
(2GBO), 2-guanidinebenzothiazol (2GBT) and 2-guanidinebenzimidazole (2GBI) as building blocks. We found that
compounds derivatives were N-substituted-2GBZs, 2-(pyrimidyl)-ABZs and 1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]-BZs, which are
described chronologically. This work will help searchers related to bioorganic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, medicinal
chemistry and pharmaceutical industry in the recent methodologies to synthetize 2-guanidinobenzazole derivatives
to be proposed as materials in the different areas. This topic will provide information on the utility for
medicinal chemists dedicated to the design and synthesis of this class of compounds to be tested with respect to
their biological activities and be proposed as new pharmacophores.
An Observational Study of Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 vpu in Rapid Progressors
in India
Authors: Husain Mohammad , Gupta Poonam , Rai Arvind , Hans Charoo 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The genetic diversity in HIV-1 genes affects viral pathogenesis in HIV-1
positive patients. Accessory genes of HIV-1, including vpu, are reported to play a critical role in HIV
pathogenesis and disease progression. Vpu has a crucial role in CD4 degradation and virus release.
The sequence heterogeneity in the vpu gene may affect disease progression in patients, therefore, the
current study was undertaken to identify the role of vpu in patients defined as rapid progressors.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to identify the viral determinants present on vpu that may
be important in disease progression in rapid progressors.

Methods:
Blood samples were collected from 13 rapid progressors. DNA was isolated from PBMCs
and vpu was amplified using nested PCR. Both strands of the gene were sequenced using an automated
DNA Sequencer. The characterization and analysis of vpu was done using various bioinformatics
tools.

Results:
The analysis revealed that all sequences had intact ORF and sequence heterogeneity was
present across all sequences and distributed all over the gene. The synonymous substitutions, however,
were higher than nonsynonymous substitutions. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed an evolutionary
relationship with previously published Indian subtype C sequences. Comparatively, the cytoplasmic
tail(77 – 86) showed the highest degree of variability in these sequences as determined by Entropy-
one tool.

Conclusion:
The study showed that due to the robust nature of the protein, the biological activity of
the protein was intact and sequence heterogeneity may promote disease progression in the study
population.
Computational Study of Designed Peptide Analogs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a Possible Inhibitor of LptD Membrane Protein
Authors: Tauseef Saba , Uddin Reaz 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of nosocomial infection worldwide
and is responsible for 18-61% of deaths alone. The organism has gained resistance to many known antibiotics
and evolved into a multidrug-resistant strain. The LptD outer membrane protein of P. aeruginosa is
a special target of interest due to its role in outer membrane biogenesis.

Objective:
The study aimed to gain an insight into how mutations affect the overall properties of antimicrobial
peptides and to identify novel peptide analogs against P. aeruginosa.

Methods:
The peptide analogs were designed and shortlisted based on physicochemical parameters and
estimated free energy change in the current study. The docking studies for wild type and shortlisted peptides
were performed against LptD protein of P. aeruginosa. The toxicity, allergenicity, and solubility
analyses of peptide analogs with high binding affinity to LptD were also conducted.

Results:
The molecular docking results indicated that peptide analogs 523M26, 523M29, 523M34, and
523M35 for AP00523 (wild type); 608M12, 608M13, 608M19, 608M31, 608M32, 608M39, and 608M43
for AP00608 (wild type); and 2858M25 for AP02858 (wild type) bound effectively with LptD membrane
than their wild types. The toxicity, allergenicity, and solubility analyses revealed all these peptide analogs
to be nontoxic, non-allergen, and have good water solubility.

Conclusion:
The binding energies predicted 523M26, 608M39, and 2858M25 bind effectively to LptD
proteins than their wild type. Based on docking analysis, it was further predicted that 608M39 has an
estimated binding affinity greater than L27-11, which is a known peptidomimetic inhibitor of the LptD
protein.
Everything Midwives Need to Know about Postpartum Women's Health
Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Updated Evidence Review and
Practical Guide
Authors: Larki Mona , Sharifi Farangis , Manouchehri Elham , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Clinical practices vary significantly between countries, so healthcare providers must be
aware of the differences in recommendations among guidelines to give the best care possible. It is up
to the clinician to decide whether and to what extent to follow guidelines, based on each patient's special
situation. This study aimed to review the updated evidence regarding practical aspects required for
midwives to do postpartum care for mothers and newborns during COVID-19. The relevant guidelines
in English were searched through databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus,
from December 2019 to May 17, 2022, using keywords of ‘puerperium ‘, ‘newborn ‘, ‘2019-
nCoV’ ‘SARS-CoV-2‘, ‘coronavirus ‘, and ‘guideline‘. Recommendation reports of WHO, FIGO,
RCOG, UNFPA, CDC, and APA were also searched. Out of the 40 guidelines retrieved, 15 met the
inclusion criteria. Postnatal care is divided into two general categories: maternal and neonatal care.
The principles of postpartum care for maternal consisted of maternal assessment, venous thromboembolism
prophylaxis, postnatal visits schedule, visitor restriction, vaccination, and postnatal mental
support. Also, care for the neonatal included newborn assessment, visitation in the neonatal intensivecare
units, breastfeeding, vaccination, circumcision, the decision for location and the separation of the
newborn and mother, and discharge. During the COVID-19 pandemic, midwives and other maternal
care professionals faced issues due to discrepancies between the guidelines of various global organizations.
By obtaining recommendations and guidance and keeping up with the latest data, midwives can
help women and their newborns get the best care possible.
An Innovative Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm based on Res-U-Net
GANs
Authors: Zhang Ziheng , Yang Minghan , Xu Lei , Yang Jiazhao , Guo Hu , Wang Jianye 
Published: February 2023

Background:
During X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans, the metal implants in the
patient's body will produce severe artifacts, which reduce the image quality and interferes with the
doctor's judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for removing metal artifacts in
CT images and reconstructing high-quality images.

Objective:
In this article, we proposed a generative adversarial networks (GANs)-based metal artifact
reduction algorithm for the image domain, Res-U-Net GANs. This method can effectively suppress
noise and remove metal artifacts in CT images.

Methods:
Our new approach includes a generator and a discriminator. The generator contains several
residual blocks, a U-Net structure and skip connections. And a weighted joint loss function is also used
for training. These structures can reduce metal artifacts in images, improve image quality, and restore
implant details.

Results:
We use SSIM, PSNR and RMSE to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The
mean SSIM, PSNR and RMSE of the testing set images are 0.977, 39.044 and 0.011, respectively. And
the trained model which is compiled and encapsulated, also show excellent performance in processing
clinical data sets, which can remove metal artifacts in clinical CT images.

Conclusion:
We consider that the proposed algorithm can remove metal artifacts in CT images and
restore image details, which is very helpful for radiologists.