bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacherâ€™s Pedagogical Moves That Support Religion Children with Special Needs in Inclusion Classes
Authors: Toifur Toifur 
Published: April 2023

Religion is part of human rights. The books of ushul fiqh describe five basic principles in religion that must always be guarded, including maintaining religion. Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the national education system provides full guarantee for children with special needs to get quality education services. The purpose of this study was to describe teacher learning actions that support the religious development of students with special needs in the inclusive class.
The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The data sources in this study were the principal, teachers, and the person in charge of the inclusive class. Data collection was carried out in the inclusion class. In general, this data collection is carried out in two stages, namely simultaneous observation and interviews, as well as sudden observation and interviews. Simultaneous observation and interviews were carried out in order to collect data until it really met the completeness of the description and which was the focus of the research, while sudden observation and interviews were carried out in order to complete the missing data and in the framework of triangulation. Furthermore, recording and documentation were also carried out to complement the research data. Data analysis activities in this study were carried out inductively. Inductive data analysis was performed to find inferences / final conclusions on the data collected little by little from the research location. In analyzing the research data, the researcher used a data analysis framework adapted from the interactive model developed by Miles and Huberman (1992), which consists of four stages, namely: (1) data collection stage, (2) data reduction, (3) ) data presentation, and (4) data verification and drawing final conclusions.
The results showed that teacher learning actions that support the diversity of students with special needs at SD Al Iesyad 02 Cilacap are translated through the integration of religious development through thematic learning and Islamic Education subjects supported by an inclusive team incorporated in the Butterfly Learning Center. To support this program, the community academics creates situations that support the achievement of instructional learning objectives and the impact that accompanies them. Creation of bi'ah islamiyah (Islamic environment) in schools. A comfortable and attractive classroom arrangement, installation of evocative and religious posters.
Employment Status and Inequalities in Self-Reported Health
Authors: Hiswåls Anne-Sofie , Ghilagaber Gebrenegus , Walander Anders , Wijk Katarina , Öberg Peter , Soares Joaquim , Macassa Gloria 
Published: April 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of employment status on self-reported health in Gävleborg County.Methods: The study used data from the 2010 Health in Equal terms survey, a cross-sectional survey carried out in Gävleborg County in Sweden. A total of 4,245 individuals, aged 16–65 years were included in the analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between employment status and self-reported healthResults: People who were outside the labour market had odds of poor health of 2.64 (Cl 2.28–3.05) compared to their employed counterparts. Controlling for other covariates reduced the risk slightly to 2.10 (1.69-2.60) but remained statistically significant. In addition, other variables were associated with self-reported poor health
Conclusion: This study found a statistically significant association between being outside the labour market and poor self-reported health. The relation was explained partially by socio-economic and demographic variables. Further studies are needed to further investigate the observed relationships. Longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate the observed relationship. Policy-makers within the Gävleborg County need to pay attention to the health status of those out of work, especially during times of combined economic and labour market fluctuations.

Results of the study suggest the need to pay attention to the health status of those outside the labour market especially during times of economic hardship.
Mortality trends and risk of dying from breast cancer in the 32 states and 7 socioeconomic regions of Mexico, 2002-2011
Authors: Sánchez-Barriga Juan Jesús 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To determine mortality trends from breast cancer in Mexico nationwide, by state, by socioeconomic region, and to establish an association between education, state of residence, and socioeconomic region with mortality from breast cancer in 2002–2011.
Methods. Records of mortality associated with breast cancer were obtained. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. The strength of association between states where women resided, socioeconomic regions, and education with mortality from breast cancer was determined.
Results. Women who completed elementary school had a higher risk of dying from breast cancer than people with more education [relative risk (RR) 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.49–2.67]. Mexico City had the strongest association with dying from breast cancer as state and as socioeconomic region 7 [Mexico City: RR 3.47, CI95% 2.7-4.46 (2002) and RR 3.33, CI95% 2.66-4.15 (2011) and region 7: RR 3.72, CI 95%: 3.15-4.38 (2002) and RR 2.87, CI 95%: 2.51-3.28 (2011)].
Conclusions. In Mexico, the raw mortality rates per 100 000 women who died from breast cancer increased. Mortality was higher in women who had elementary school than in those with more education. The strongest association was in Mexico City as state and as region 7.
Association of Smoking Cessation and Intentions to Quit: Role of Occupational Status, Health Professional’s Support, and Perceived Risk
Authors: Mathur Sunil , Singh Neha 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Cigarette smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Tobacco related mortality has promoted a massive effort to understand and enhance smoking cessation efforts. In this study, we examine the role of different factors on intentions to quit smoking.
Methods: Data is taken from Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2012. A total of 1745 national representative samples of U.S adults, meeting our research conditions, were included in this study.
Results: Multivariate statistical analysis methods were used which showed that employed participants were 6 times more likely to have intentions to quit than participants with other occupational statuses were. Participants who received support sometimes from health professionals were 9 times more likely to have intention to quit smoking as compared to those who never received support from health professionals. In addition, race (Hispanic), and age group (35-39 years) are significantly associated with intentions to quit smoking. Perceived personal risk of cancer, perceived compared risk of cancer, and family history of cancer were not significantly associated with intentions to quit smoking.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that age, race, occupational status, and help from health professionals are viable intervention targets for smoking cessation interventions. As a key role can be played by health professionals in smoking cessation interventions, future work should evaluate the extent to which health professionals can play a role in smoking cessation intervention. Smokers should be encouraged to maintain smoke free environments in their homes and offices, by health care providers leading to the protection of non-smokers, lesser convenience for smoking, decreased cigarette consumption, and smoking cues over time.
Estimating the budget impact of innovative pharmacological treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Italy: the case of liraglutide (GLP-1).
Authors: Stefano Capri  , Barbieri Marco 
Published: April 2023

Background
Diabetes is among the most common chronic illnesses worldwide, with escalating rates around the world. Four years after the launch of liraglutide (a human GLP-1 analogue for type 2 diabetes) we aimed to evaluate the impact of its use in terms of resources consumption and also in terms of some clinical outcomes.
Methods
A budget impact model (BIM) has been developed. The model was used to assess the financial impact for the Italian NHS caused by an increased use of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The analysis was conducted in a 3-year time horizon considering year 2013 as baseline. We used real data of market consumption, reflecting the budget holder’s perspective, and not just a hypothetical cohort of patients.
Results
Increasing the percentage of patients receiving liraglutide over the next 3 years, would lead to an increase of costs, ranging from €2.1 million in the first year to €6.7 million in the third year for a total of €13.7 million. However, for these additional costs, the Italian NHS would get more patients with glycaemic control.
Conclusions
This study has shown that an increase in the use of liraglutide would determine a relatively low extra cost per patient with T2DM in the Italian NHS. The results could be considered conservative since we did not include savings associated to a reduction of hypoglycaemic events. More comprehensive assessments, considering total costs of treatment and expected health benefits, can help decision-makers analyse whether higher acquisition costs may be offset by higher therapeutic results, leading to future projected savings for the healthcare system.
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour about Sexually Transmitted Infections: a survey among Italian university female students
Authors: De Waure Chiara , Mannocci Alice , Cadeddu Chiara , Gualano Maria Rosaria , Chiaradia Giacomina , Vincitorio Daniela , Di Stanislao Francesco , De Vito Elisabetta , Langiano Elisa , Boccia Antonio , Ricciardi Walter , La Torre Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

Aims: Improvements have been made in terms of STIs mortality, but young women still have a lack of attention to the STIs prevention.
We investigated the knowledge and attitudes about STIs and their prevention among a sample of Italian university female students.
Methods: We designed a questionnaire about knowledge and attitudes toward STIs, Papanicolau test (Pap test) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and had it filled out by 285 young women. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and a multivariable analysis were performed in order to identify associated factors.
Results: Knowledge about STIs seems weak, oppositely to knowledge about preventive measures. In line with the results of the univariate analyses, the multivariable one confirmed a higher probability to answer rightly for women who knew the effective behaviours for preventing STIs, women who took information about STIs from Internet, books and TV and those using natural methods (OR 2.77 - 95%CI 1.47-5.23, OR 2.99 - 95%CI 1.62-5.53 and OR 2.55 - 95%CI 1.05-6.18, respectively) and a lower one for students from Cassino and those who knew is possible to recover from STIs (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.17-0.87 and 0.42, 95%CI 0.20-0.88, respectively). Furthermore, about Pap test it also confirmed the role of a medium-high STIs level of knowledge (OR 2.11, 95%CI 1.02-4.37) and a lower probability to know about it for women from Cassino (OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.09-0.73).
Conclusions: Young women are not completely aware of STIs risks and preventive measures. Informational and educational campaigns should be implemented to reach this target group and lighten the current and future burden of STIs.
A multistate model to evaluate COPD progression integrating drugs consumption data and hospital databases
Authors: Bartolomeo Nicola , Trerotoli Paolo 
Published: April 2023

Background
The increase in costs related to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic-degenerative diseases requires a better knowledge of the true care pathway of patients. The study objective was to explore, using multi-state modeling, how analyses of drug prescriptions and data obtained from hospital discharge sheets can be used in combination to build a model of patients health care pathway in a non experimental setting. The model was applied to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Methods
Based on the GOLD guidelines, access to hospitalization for COPD and prescription pharmaceuticals were awarded to seven transients states theoretically progressive. The intensity of transition were estimated with the non-parametric method proposed by Aalen and Johansen for multi-state Markov models non-homogeneous in time.
Results
The COPD patients included in the study are 111190. Patients admitted with a diagnosis of non acute COPD had a growing probability over time of needing prescriptions for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or the set combination of long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) and ICS; they also had a rising probability of an exacerbation. The use of ICS alone or in combination with LABA delays a hospital admission for acute respiratory failure by about 6 months, as compared to short-acting beta-agonists or anticholinergics.
Conclusion
The probabilities of a transition and their distribution in relation to time, sex, age and clinical status can be a helpful tool for those operating in the health care sector, who are called upon to carry out decisions from the standpoints of both efficacious clinical management and an efficient use of resources.
Smoke & Thriving: an ecological study
Authors: La Torre Giuseppe , Mipatrini Daniele , Grassi Maria Caterina 
Published: April 2023

Studies suggest a possible inverse correlation between smoking attitude and happiness levels.
The present paper investigates the relation between males and females smoking prevalence and thriving levels in 155 countries worldwide. Analyses, after adjusting for socio-economic factors, reveal a different relationship between happiness and prevalence of tobacco smoking in the two genders. Countries with highest prevalence of males smoking show the lowest wellbeing levels (Beta coefficient: -0.350; P Value <0.001) while countries with highest prevalence of females smoking show the highest levels of wellbeing (Beta coefficient: 0.144; P Value: 0.030).
The countries with the highest prevalence of people thriving are those with the highest prevalence of women smoking and the lowest prevalence of males smoking.
Characteristics of drug demand reduction structures in Britain and Iran
Authors: Narenjiha Hooman , Noori Roya , Ghiabi Maziyar , Khoddami-Vishteh Hamid-Reza 
Published: April 2023

Administrative structure of drug demand reduction and the way in which involved organizations interact with each other has been neglected by researchers, policy makers, and administrators at the national level and even in international institutions in this field. Studying such structures in different countries can reveal their attributes and features.
In this study, key experts from the addictive behavior department of St George’s University of London and a group of Iranian specialists in the field of drug demand reduction first wrote on a sheet the name of organizations that are in charge of drug demand reduction. Then, via teamwork, they drew the connections between the organizations and compared the two charts to assess the relations between the member organizations.
In total, 17 features of efficient structure were obtained as follow: multi-institutional nature, collaborative inter-institutional activities, clear and relevant inter-institutional and intra-institutional job description, the ability to share the experiences, virtual institutions activity, community-based associations activity, mutual relationships, the existence of feedback sys-tems, evaluation, changeability, the ability to collect data rapidly, being rooted in community, flexibility at the local and regional levels, connection with research centers, updated policymaking, empowering the local level, and seeking the maximum benefit and the minimum resources.
Recognizing the characteristics of substance related organizations in various countries could help policy makers to improve drug demand reduction structures and to manage the wide-spread use of psychoactive substances more effectively.
Drug related harm reduction in the eu and candidate countries - success and gaps
Authors: Busch Martin , Grabenhofer-Eggerth Alexander , Klein Charlotte , Weigl Di Marion 
Published: April 2023

Background: Evaluation of the state of play of the 2003 Council Recommendation on the prevention and reduction of health-related harms, associated with drug dependence, in the EU and candidate countries and elaboration of proposals for new recommendations.
Methods: Analysis of epidemiological data available at the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) using statistical modeling, a general literature review on harm reduction measures, four systematic literature reviews (one on peer naloxone pro-grams) and surveys among decision makers in the field of drug policy and among harm reduc-tion providers (“stakeholders”) using online questionnaires and a gap survey among the na-tional focal points of EMCDDA in EU-countries and candidate countries.
Results: It was possible to decrease the number of HIV-infections among drug users substan-tially in most EU countries and candidate countries during the last decade; unfortunately for the numbers of deaths due to overdoses this effect could not be reached. Stakeholders (harm reduction providers) name improvement of needle and syringe exchange and harm reduction in prison as main priorities in order to reduce drug related infectious diseases. Concerning re-duction of mortality they prioritise peer naloxone programs, drug consumption rooms and first aid training of drug users.
Conclusions : The increase of coverage of substitution treatment and of the availability of nee-dle exchange programs in most countries can be seen as successes of harm reduction policy although the coverage especially of the latter still needs improvement. Peer naloxone pro-grams and improvement of harm reduction in (and after) prison are two of 13 recommended actions to improve the situation concerning mortality of opioid users. Continuous political strengthening of harm reduction is necessary.
Hospitalization for drug-related disorders in Italy: trends and comorbidity
Authors: Burgio Alessandra , Grippo Francesco , Pappagallo Marilena , Crialesi Roberta 
Published: April 2023

Background: The drug abuse has several health, social and economic effects. Hospital discharge records(HDR) collected by the Ministry of Health represent a major source of epidemiological data. In this paper we used this source in order to assess drug abuse hospitalization patterns and trends in Italy by means of the study of comorbidity at discharge.
Methods: Analysis are based on the National HDR Register and refers to data from 1999 to 2011 for the Ital-ian resident population. Two approaches have been followed: the main diagnosisand the comorbidity approach based on the analysis of all diagnoses reported on the HDR. As a measure of the association between drug-related disorders and specific conditions reported, an estimation of age-standardised relative risk (RR) has been used.
Results: The number of hospitalizations for drug-related diagnosis declined from 10,968 cases in 1999 to 6,180 in 2011.Using the comorbidity approach we found that in the period 2009-2011 the number of HDR with a mention of drug use is 2.8 times higher than the number based only on the main diagnosis.The conditions more strongly associated to the group of drug users are mental disorders, alcohol abuseand infectious diseases such as HIV disease and viral hepatitis.
Conclusions : These data can provide important information about the epidemiology of drug problems and the impact of drug policies.In addition the strong evidence of association of drug abuse and mental health provides a solid underpinning for planning more coordinated interventions of prevention and public health.
Molecular characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitals environments and patients in Northern Palestine
Authors: Adwan Ghaleb , Shaheen Hala , Adwan Kamel , Barakat Ali 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered one of the most common pathogen to humans. Infections caused by this mocroorganism can be acquired through both hospital and community settings. This study was carried out to investigate molecular characterization of MRSA strains isolated from the patients and their environment in two hospitals (Rafidia hospital and Thabet hospital) inNorthern Palestine, and to determine the clonal identity between these strains and their possible contribution to nosocomial infections.
METHODS: Two hundred sixty five swabbed samples were collected from these hospitals, S. aureus was isolated, antibiotic resistant genes were Panton–Valentin leukocidin (PVL) gene were detected and SCCmec and spA were typed by PCR and/or sequencing.
RESULTS: The prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus isolates was 29% and 8.2% in Rafidia hospital and Thabet hospital, respectively. All strains resistant to oxacilllin disk were carried mecA gene. Majority of strains (84.6%) carried SCCmec type II (n = 11), type IVa and non-typeable were also detected. In addition, PVL was detected in 2 (14.3%) clinical strains. ERIC PCR patterns revealed that 2 strains recovered from patient bed and nasal swab isolated from Thabet Hospital were nontypeable, spA typing showed that they belonged to type t386 and have identical DNA sequences. Other 2 clinical isolates were spa typed, one belonged to clone t044, while the other is new clone not exist in database.
CONCLUSIONS: Results may give evidence that environmental contamination possibly contributing to nosocomial infections.
Health behaviour surveillance of Health Sciences students in Northern Germany: Design and first results
Authors: Tobisch Sandra , von Borczyskowski Annika , Reintjes Ralf 
Published: April 2023

Background
Health of students have most often been neglected in recent studies, although students face a transition of life during their studies which has strong implications on health. During that time, universities play a key role as a setting where future professionals develop independence and learn skills possibly affecting their development and health. Nevertheless, less in known about this group in society and consequently, the aim of this research project was to monitor health of Health Sciences students through a long-term health surveillance system.
Methods
Since 2014, an almost complete convenience sample of Health Sciences students is surveyed twice a year at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences. A paper-pencil questionnaire, which includes questions about socio-demographics, well-being, health-promoting and health-risk behaviours, is administered during courses.
Results
Our first surveys achieved response rates of more than 97%. Up to 83% of enrolled students were reached. Undergraduate Health Sciences students reported health-risk behaviours, e.g. binge-drinking on 1 to 2 days (33.9%), regular cannabis use (4.2%), regular cognitive-enhancement (4.0%). Moreover, unhealthy diet was prevalent but almost all students were physically active.
Conclusions
A short paper-pencil questionnaire administered during courses and conducted according to standardized processes provides complete data on students’ health with little effort. Trends can be determined, which assist in making decision whether to take action in prevention and/or to evaluate campaigns. These first results show the need for a more targeted health promotion action for students.