bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of antiresorptive agents on body composition: a case-control retrospective study.
Authors: Al Khayyat Suhel Gabriele , Fogliame Giuseppe , Conticini Edoardo , Berlengiero Virginia , Falsetti Paolo , Gentileschi Stefano , Baldi Caterina , Bardelli Marco , Cantarini Luca , Frediani Bruno 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionOsteoporosis is the most represented metabolic bone disease and is characterized by the reduction of bone mineral density (BMD), exposing patients to high fracture risk and disability. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the main compounds exploited in treatment of osteoporosis and significantly reduce fracture risk. Sarcopenia is the pathological reduction of muscle masses and strength, and many studies highlighted its co-existence in patients with impaired bone mass. Indeed, the pathological reduction of lean tissue has been linked to a higher risk of falls and, consequently, fractures and disability. Moreover, the pathological reduction of lean tissue seems to share many pathological mechanisms with impaired bone strength and structure; thus, in this context, we decided to conduct a retrospective case-control study aimed at evaluating the effects of BPs on lean mass and body composition.Material and methodsWe enrolled postmenopausal women from our metabolic bone diseases outpatient clinic who underwent at least two consecutive dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examinations concomitantly to the beginning of an antiresorptive agent. The body composition of patients and controls was compared by fat masses, lean masses and android-to-gynoid ratio (A/G ratio).ResultsA total of 64 female subjects were considered for the study: 41 starting a BP and 23 without treatment were used as control. The fat masses and lean masses appeared to be unaffected by BPs. Conversely, A/G ratio was lower in BPs group after 18 months of therapy compared to baseline (p<0,05). From the stratification based on the single BP we failed to highlight any significant difference between the tested variables.ConclusionsBisphosphonates treatment did not modify lean tissues, however a significant reduction of A/G ratio in BP group was documented. Thus the BPs seems to act on patients body composition and extra-skeletal tissues but larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate whether these modifications have clinical relevance.
Ein Rabatt namens Vertragsstrafe
Authors: Vetter Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

Frankfurt a.M. Am 9. Juni 2021 trat ein Gesetz mit kompliziertem Namen und unaussprechlicher Abkürzung in Kraft, das die Landwirtschaft vor unlauteren Praktiken des Handels schützen soll. Derzeit laufen Umfragen zur Evaluierung. Gelegenheit für eine erste Bilanz.
The Effect of Heating and Cooling Media Temperature on Injection Molding Products Shrinkage
Authors: Gumono Gumono , AR Zahratul Jannah , Sujatmiko Agus , Adityaca Candra 
Published: January 2023

Injection molding is the process of molding products with various shapes and sizes from plastic materials. The problem that often arises is the presence of product defects due to shrinkage. In this regard, the effect of water cooling on product size shrinkage in the injection molding process of making acetabular cups with polypropylene plastic and metal steel mold materials will be investigated through experimental investigations. The test begins with the manufacture of molds and injection machines, then the PP liquid plastic is injected twice into the mold, the first with cooling and the second without cooling. Both products are compared for depreciation by measurement. Shrinkage analysis is done by measuring the height and diameter of the product which is then compared with the size of the mold, so that final conclusions can be drawn. Measurement of shrinkage on the outside of the product is taken from three directions, namely the height of the X-axis product (dx), the outside diameter of the Y-axis product (dy), and the outside diameter of the Z-axis product (hz). For the inside of the product with a hemispherical shape, the shrinkage measurement is calculated by calculating the volume which can then be found the average radius. The results showed that the average shrinkage of the cooling test on the X axis = 1.224 %, on the Y axis = 1.857 %, on the Z axis = 1.83%, and on the radius r = 0.825 %. The average shrinkage of the test without cooling on the X axis = 1,591 %, on the Y axis = 2,32%, on the Z axis = 2,369 %, and on the radius r = 1,267 %.
Keywords: Injection Molding, Shrinkage, Heating Cooling Temperature
Ensino Superior (1995-2018) – Das perdas e retrocessos para a retomada da perspectiva da Educação Humanizadora
Authors: Nunes César , Martins Leandra 
Published: January 2023

O artigo busca articular as mudanças ocorridas nas políticas públicas educacionais, principalmente nos últimos anos, com as significativas perdas e retrocessos no que diz respeito ao Ensino Superior. Ressalta a crítica ao contexto atual, no sentido de denunciar que a formação no ensino superior não seja somente pautada em uma formação técnica, mas que contemple uma visão de mundo e uma concepção de educação e de prática social emancipatória, de modo a fundamentar uma pedagogia humanizadora, que tenha os Direitos Humanos como a essência de suas ações e de seus planejamentos educacionais.Propõe que as universidades, bem como as demais Instituições de Ensino Superior, tomem como uma de suas premissas, o compromisso com a formação de um cidadão crítico e autônomo, principalmente em períodos de crise estrutural, como em que vivemos/testemunhamos o endurecimento das relações humanas alimentado por um contexto de intolerância e de desigualdades, desencadeando-se uma perversa exclusão social.
How aerosol size matters in aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation and the optimization using the Ångström exponent
Authors: Jin Jianbing , Henzing Bas , Segers Arjo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) has gained popularity as a powerful data source for calibrating aerosol models and correcting model errors through data assimilation. However, simulated airborne particle mass concentrations are not directly comparable to satellite-based AODs. For this, an AOD operator needs to be developed that can convert the simulated mass concentrations into model AODs. The AOD operator is most sensitive to the input of the particle size and chemical composition of aerosols. Furthermore, assumptions regarding particle size vary significantly amongst model AOD operators. More importantly, satellite retrieval algorithms rely on different size assumptions. Consequently, the differences between the simulations and observations do not always reflect the actual difference in aerosol amount. In this study, the sensitivity of the AOD operator to aerosol properties has been explored. We conclude that, to avoid inconsistencies between the AOD operator and retrieved properties, a common understanding of the particle size is required. Accordingly, we designed a hybrid assimilation methodology (hybrid AOD assimilation) that includes two sequentially conducted procedures. First, aerosol size in the model operator has
been brought closer to the assumption of the satellite retrieval algorithm via assimilation of Ångström exponents. This ensures that the model AOD operator is more consistent with the AOD retrieval. The second step in the methodology concerns optimization of aerosol mass concentrations through direct assimilation of AOD (standard AOD
assimilation). The hybrid assimilation method is tested over the European domain using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue products. The corrections made to the model aerosol size information are validated through a comparison with the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) optical product. The increments in surface aerosol mass concentration that occur due to either the standard AOD
assimilation analysis or the hybrid AOD assimilation analysis are evaluated against independent ground PM2.5 observations.
The standard analysis always results in relatively accurate posterior AOD distributions; however, the corrections are hardly transferred into better aerosol mass concentrations due to the uncertainty in the AOD operator. In contrast, the model AOD and mass concentration states are considerably more accurate when using the hybrid methodology.
A simple, efficient, mass-conservative approach to solving Richards' equation (openRE, v1.0)
Authors: Ireson Andrew M. , Spiteri Raymond J. , Clark Martyn P. , Mathias Simon A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. A simple numerical solution procedure – namely the method of lines combined with an off-the-shelf ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver – was shown in previous work to
provide efficient, mass-conservative solutions to the pressure-head form of Richards' equation. We implement such a solution in our model openRE. We
developed a novel method to quantify the boundary fluxes that reduce water balance errors without negative impacts on model runtimes – the
solver flux output method (SFOM). We compare this solution with alternatives, including the classic modified Picard iteration method and
the Hydrus 1D model. We reproduce a set of benchmark solutions with all models. We find that Celia's solution has the best water balance, but it can
incur significant truncation errors in the simulated boundary fluxes, depending on the time steps used. Our solution has comparable runtimes to
Hydrus and better water balance performance (though both models have excellent water balance closure for all the problems we considered). Our
solution can be implemented in an interpreted language, such as MATLAB or Python, making use of off-the-shelf ODE solvers. We evaluated alternative
SciPy ODE solvers that are available in Python and make practical recommendations about the best way to implement them for Richards' equation. There
are two advantages of our approach: (i) the code is concise, making it ideal for teaching purposes; and (ii) the method can be easily extended to
represent alternative properties (e.g., novel ways to parameterize the K(ψ) relationship) and processes (e.g., it is straightforward to
couple heat or solute transport), making it ideal for testing alternative hypotheses.
Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data
Authors: de Vos Marc , Kountouris Panagiotis , Rabenstein Lasse , Shears John , Suhrhoff Mira , Katlein Christian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. On 5 December 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew set sail from South Georgia aboard the wooden barquentine vessel Endurance, beginning the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition to cross the Antarctic continent. However, Shackleton and his crew never reached land because the vessel became beset in the sea ice of the Weddell Sea in January 1915. Endurance then drifted in the pack for 11 months, was crushed by the ice, and sank on 21 November 1915. Over many years, various predictions were made about the location of the wreck. These were based largely on navigational fixes taken by Captain Frank Worsley, the navigator of the Endurance, 3 d prior to and 1 d after the sinking of Endurance. On 5 March 2022, the Endurance22 expedition located the wreck some 9.4 km southeast of Worsley's estimated sinking position. In this paper, we describe the use of meteorological reanalysis data to reconstruct the likely ice drift trajectory of Endurance for the period between Worsley's final two fixes, at some point along which the vessel sank. Reconstructions are sensitive to choices of wind factor and turning angle, but allow an envelope of possible scenarios to be developed. A likely scenario yields a simulated sinking location some 3.5 km from the position at which the wreck finally was found, with a trajectory describing an excursion to the southeast and an anticlockwise turn to the northwest prior to sinking. Despite numerous sources of uncertainty, these results show the potential for such methods in marine archaeology.
Sindrom Serotonin
Authors: Rizal Raisha Rahmani , Fiana Dewi Nur 
Published: January 2023

Sindrom serotonin (SS) (juga disebut sebagai toksisitas serotonin) adalah toksidrom yang diinduksi obat yang berpotensi mengancam jiwa yang terkait dengan peningkatan aktivitas serotonergik di sistem saraf perifer (PNS) dan pusat (SSP). Hal ini ditandai dengan spektrum yang relevan dengan dosis dari temuan klinis yang terkait dengan tingkat serotonin bebas (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), atau aktivasi reseptor 5-HT (terutama subtipe 5-HT1A dan 5-HT2A), yang mana termasuk kelainan neuromuskuler, hiperaktif otonom, dan perubahan keadaan mental. Meskipun sindrom serotonin jarang menyebabkan kematian, kasus yang parah adalah keadaan darurat medis yang dapat dengan cepat menyebabkan kegagalan organ multisistem Meskipun banyak obat telah terlibat dalam Sindrom serotonin, kasus yang mengancam jiwa umumnya terjadi hanya ketika inhibitor oksidase monoamine dikombinasikan dengan penghambat serotonin re-uptake selektif atau nonselektif. Kesadaran tentang Sindrom serotonin sangat penting tidak hanya dalam menghindari kombinasi obat-obatan terapeutik yang berbahaya yang tidak disengaja tetapi juga dalam mengenali gambaran klinis ketika terjadi sehingga pengobatan dapat segera dimulai. Dalam ulasan ini, patofisiologi, gambaran klinis, obat yang terlibat dan diagnosis Sindrom serotonin dibahas.
“It Is A Terror . . . That Men Should Be Handeled So In Pennsylvania”: Early Quaker Reasoning, Debate, and the Abolitionist Influence of The Germantown Friends’ Protest Against Slavery
Authors: Short Brontë 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
This article concerns the 1688 Germantown Friends’ Protest Against Slavery. The document was written and signed by Francis Daniel Pastorius and three like-minded Quakers. Pastorius’s protest sparked early abolitionist debate in the American colonies, leading to other antislavery protests, such as Cadwalader Morgan’s and George Keith’s protests in the following decade. The Protest is a key example of early American diplomacy as it saw slavery as a contentious point with the potential to damage the new colony’s relationship with Europe and subsequent immigration. The Protest was not initially successful, garnering little response from contemporary Quakers. However, its long-term influence has provided the path for abolitionist legislation in the late 1700s and led to the shunning of pro-slavery Quakers.
PENURUNAN SKALA NYERI PENGGUNAAN KETOROLAK INJEKSI PADA PASIEN OPERASI SESAR DI RUMAH SAKIT ROEMANI MUHAMMADIYAH SEMARANG
Authors: Octasari Paulina Maya , Inawati Menik 
Published: January 2023

Pain management after cesarean section must be done properly to prevent the emergence of chronic pain in patients. Ketorolac is the first choice as an analgesic to treat that pain. The appropriate dosage and time of analgesic treatment have impact to pain scale decreasing and another analgesic adding. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of the reduction in the pain scale of using ketorolac injection in cesarean section patients at Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang Hospital. This research is a descriptive observational study. The research design is cross-sectional study by using retrospective data. The data were taken through the medical records of patients with cesarean section at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang for the period July - December 2019. The sample of this study was elective caesarean section patients who received ketorolac injection therapy in that period. The age range of patients taken was 18- 45 years. The reduction in pain scale was measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) method. The results showed that the sample data obtained and those who met the inclusion criteria were 88 patients. Before the administration of ketorolac injection, the number of patients with moderate pain was in the greatest number, namely 53.41% and after the administration of ketorolac injection, the number of patients with mild pain was the greatest, namely 63.64%. Patients who experienced a decrease in the pain scale of 39.78%, the stability of the pain scale of 47.72%, and an increase in the pain scale of 12.50%. The average reduction in the pain scale of cesarean patients who received ketorolac injection at the Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang Hospital was 1.09.

Keywords: Cesarean section, Pain, Pain scale, Ketorolac, Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang.
Evolución reciente de la financiación y del crédito bancario al sector privado no financiero. Segundo semestre de 2022
Authors: Alves Pana , Delgado Javier , Garrido Jaime , Lavín Nadia , Pérez Montes Carlos 
Published: January 2023

Motivación. Analizar las condiciones y el volumen de financiación captada por hogares y empresas por sus implicaciones macroeconómicas, así como cuantificar el riesgo de crédito asumido por las entidades de depósito a través de los préstamos a estos dos sectores.
Ideas principales • Las condiciones de financiación han seguido endureciéndose en el segundo semestre de 2022, y se ha intensificado la traslación del aumento de los tipos de interés de mercado al coste de los préstamos. Ello se ha traducido en un descenso del flujo de nueva financiación. • El stock de crédito bancario al sector privado residente en el tercer trimestre de 2022 presentó un descenso inferior al del mismo trimestre en años recientes, debido fundamentalmente al comportamiento del stock de crédito a actividades empresariales. Los créditos dudosos y en vigilancia especial continuaron reduciéndose, excepto en algunas carteras, como la de préstamos con avales del ICO. • Las exposiciones al sector de la energía tienen un peso limitado en el negocio crediticio bancario en España, si bien su calidad ha empeorado a lo largo de 2022 y se ha observado un cierto endurecimiento de las condiciones de concesión aplicadas a sus préstamos.
Effects of 12 -week home - based aerobic exercise on insulin resistance and body composition among polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ajith Ajith , Meera Meera 
Published: January 2023

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by menstrual irregularity and elevated serum androgens, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance. Materials & Methods: In these 12- week prospective study included 86 patients diagnosed with PCOS, aged 24 to 32 years. Excercise are with choice of participants within aerobics. The pre and post assessment were taken to measure the fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and body composition. Result: The HOMA-IR baseline was 1.24(±0.63) which decreased to 0.86(±0.36) after 12 weeks. The Body composition baseline BMI (kg/m2), Waist circumference, Waist Hip ratio, Neck circumference and Body fat percentage was 28.44 (±2.05), 82.56 (±3.43), 0.87 (±0.06), 32.16 (±2.57), and 37.79 (±3.15) was significantly reduced to 27.49(±2.01), 81.16(±3.56), 0.86 (±0.07), 31.97 (±2.43) and 36.55 (±3.36)after the exercise programme (p<0.00001). In contrast, paired T-test analysis showed no such significant difference for variables Hip circumference when compared with the post test. Conclusion: The home-based aerobic exercise programme reduced HOMA-IR, and body composition. Although more research on the effects of aerobic exercises in PCOS is needed, these findings support aerobic exercise's effectiveness in reducing inflammation and enhancing insulin sensitivity in these patients.
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow´s Bicentennial (1821-1902), the father of modern pathology and the terms neuroglia and myelin.
Authors: Santos Roberto Pereira , Gomes Marleide da Mota 
Published: January 2023

Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow (1821-1902) is considered the father of modern pathology. He graduated in medicine in 1843 from the University of Berlin. In 1856 he became professor of Pathological Anatomy and director of the Institute of Pathology of the Charité. He began to study cells in living tissue, which led to the conception of cellular pathology.
He even presented erroneous positions such as opposing the contagion theory in favor of the miasma theory, but he was not limited to the microscope and extended to social problems and beyond. Thus, he was an anatomist, pathologist, epidemiologist, anthropologist, archaeologist, editor, professor, social reformer, and liberal politician.

Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow (1821-1902) é considerado o pai da patologia moderna. Licenciou-se em medicina em 1843, na Universidade de Berlim. Em 1856 tornou-se professor de Anatomia Patológica e director do Instituto de Anatomia Patológica da Caridade. Começou a estudar células em tecidos vivos, o que levou à concepção da patologia celular.
Apresentou mesmo posições erradas, tais como oposição à teoria do contágio em favor da teoria do miasma, mas não se limitou ao microscópio e estendeu-se a problemas sociais e não só. Assim, era um anatomista, patologista, epidemiologista, antropólogo, arqueólogo, editor, professor, reformador social, e político liberal.
Transizione ecologica integrale e discriminazioni religiose delle donne migranti nel Mediterraneo
Authors: Freni Fortunato 
Published: January 2023

Integral ecological transition and religious discrimination of migrant women in the Mediterranean
SOMMARIO: 1. Ecologia integrale e parità di genere - 2. Flussi migratori nel Mediterraneo e discriminazioni religiose femminili - 3. Interventi europei di collaborazione interculturale nel Mare nostrum - 4. Verso un’unica polis euromediterranea?
ABSTRACT: In this essay it is hoped that the current development model will be overcome, because it is highly polluting and unfair from a socio-economic point of view, based as it is on competition and prevarication, the result of male hegemony in decision-making bodies and therefore discriminating for weaker and for women. These, on the other hand, must guide an integral ecological transition, because they are more inclined to the custody of creation and future generations, as well as to the improvement of the general living conditions of society, through sharing and dialogue, rather than with imposition and hard confrontation, as Pope Francis claims, in the encyclical Laudato si'. In particular, the ecological and social degradation caused by the androcentric system has increased the flows of migrants so-called environmental, which cross the Mediterranean Sea undergoing abuse and discrimination including religious ones. Above all, Muslim migrant women are more vulnerable also due to the misogynistic cultural heritage resulting from an erroneous and obsolete interpretation of the Koranic texts. Europe can be more involved in the fight against the negative consequences of climate change and discrimination against migrants, implementing policies inspired by sustainable development and intercultural solidarity, also with a view to fostering the ambitious and suggestive attempt to reach a integrated Euro-Mediterranean area.
The Latvian State imposes autocephaly by law on the Orthodox Church in Latvia
Authors: Cimbalo Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the recent Latvian Law by which the State unilaterally declares the autocephaly of the Latvian Orthodox Church. The latter was previously under the Patriarchate of Moscow and all Russias. In addition, the study illustrates the changes made to the Law of Latvia, on the legal status of this Church. Much emphasis is put on the violation of the principle of separation, enshrined in art. 99 of the Latvian Constitution, further addressing the tendency to change the ecclesiastical policy of the European Union as a result of the war in Ukraine.
SUMMARY: 1. The State proclaims by law the autocephaly of the Latvian Orthodox Church - 2. Birth and development of the Latvian Orthodox Church - 3. The Religious Freedom Law and its amendments - 4. The Law on the Latvian Orthodox Church and the amendments made by the Saeima in 2019-2022 - 5. State legislative intervention, separatism and the Constitution - 6. Separatism, secularism and neo-jurisdictionalism in the European Union.