bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA-catalyzed RNA Ligation within Prebiotically Plausible Model Protocells
Authors: DasGupta Saurja , Zhang Stephanie J. , Smela Merrick P. , Szostak Jack W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDemonstrating RNA catalysis within prebiotically relevant models of primordial cells (protocells) remains a challenge in Origins of life research. Fatty acid vesicles encapsulating genomic and catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) are attractive models for protocells; however, RNA catalysis has largely been incompatible with fatty acid vesicles due to their instability in the presence of Mg2+at concentrations required for ribozyme function. Here, we report a ribozyme that catalyzes template-directed RNA ligation at low Mg2+concentrations and thus remains active within stable vesicles. Ribose and adenine, both prebiotically relevant molecules, were found to greatly reduce Mg2+-induced RNA leakage from vesicles. When we co-encapsulated the ribozyme, substrate, and template within fatty acid vesicles, we observed efficient RNA-catalyzed RNA ligation upon subsequent addition of Mg2+. Our work shows that RNA-catalyzed RNA assembly can occur efficiently within prebiotically plausible fatty acid vesicles and represents a step toward the replication of primordial genomes within self-replicating protocells.
Brain tissue cerebrospinal fluid fraction increases quadratically in normal aging
Authors: Zhou Liangdong , Li Yi , Sweeney Elizabeth M. , Wang Xiuyuan H. , Kuceyeski Amy , Chiang Gloria C. , Ivanidze Jana , Wang Yi , Gauthier Susan A. , de Leon Mony J. , Nguyen Thanh D. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeOur objective was to apply multi-compartment T2 relaxometry in cognitively normal individuals aged 20-80 years to study the effect of aging on the parenchymal cerebrospinal fluid fraction (CSFF), a measure of the microscopic-scale CSF space.Materials and MethodsA total of 66 volunteers (age range, 22-80 years) were enrolled. Voxel-wise maps of short-T2 myelin water fraction (MWF), intermediate-T2 intra/extra-cellular water fraction (IEWF), and long-T2 CSFF were obtained using fast acquisition with spiral trajectory and adiabatic T2prep (FAST-T2) sequence and three-pool non-linear least squares fitting.Multiple linear regression analysis with correction for multiple comparisons was performed to study the association between age and regional MWF, IEWF, and CSFF measurements, adjusting for sex and region of interest (ROI) volume. The cerebral white matter (WM), cerebral cortex, and subcortical deep gray matter (GM) were considered as ROIs. In each model, a quadratic term for age was tested using an ANOVA test. A Spearman’s correlation between the normalized lateral ventricle volume, a measure of organ-level CSF space, and the regional CSFF, a measure of tissue-level CSF space, was computed.ResultsIn the multiple regression analysis, we found a statistically significant quadratic relationship between age and regional CSFF for all three ROIs (all p-values < 0.001). A statistically significant quadratic relationship with age was also found for MWF in the deep GM (p = 0.004) and IEWF in the cortex (p = 0.012). There was a statistically significant linear relationship between age and regional IEWF in the cerebral WM (p = 0.006) and deep GM (p = 0.002). In the univariate correlation analysis, the normalized lateral ventricle volume was found to correlate moderately with the regional CSFF measurement in the cerebral WM (ρ = 0.43, p < 0.001), cortex (ρ = 0.43, p < 0.001), and deep GM (ρ = 0.49, p < 0.001).ConclusionBrain tissue water residing in different water compartments shows complex changing patterns with age. Parenchymal CSFF, a biomarker of microscopic-scale CSF-like water, shows a quadratic increase in both GM and WM, starting approximately at the age of 50.
Enhanced Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism Improves Age-Related Reproduction inC. elegans
Authors: Lesnik Chen , Kaletsky Rachel , Ashraf Jasmine M. , Sohrabi Salman , Cota Vanessa , Sengupta Titas , Keyes William , Luo Shijing , Murphy Coleen T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReproductive aging is one of the earliest human aging phenotypes, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to oocyte quality decline. However, it is not known which mitochondrial metabolic processes are critical for oocyte quality maintenance with age. To understand how mitochondrial processes contribute toC. elegansoocyte quality, we characterized the mitochondrial proteomes of young and aged wild-type and long-reproductivedaf-2mutants. Here we show that the mitochondrial proteomic profiles of young wild-type anddaf-2worms are similar and share upregulation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism pathway enzymes. Reduction of the BCAA catabolism enzyme BCAT-1 shortens reproduction, elevates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, and shifts mitochondrial localization. Moreover,bcat-1knockdown decreases oocyte quality indaf-2worms and reduces reproductive capability, indicating the role of this pathway in the maintenance of oocyte quality with age. Importantly, oocyte quality deterioration can be delayed, and reproduction can be extended in wild-type animals both bybcat-1overexpression and by supplementing with Vitamin B1, a cofactor needed for BCAA metabolism.
Distribution of ubiquilin 2 and TDP-43 aggregates throughout the CNS inUBQLN2p.T487I-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Nementzik Laura R. , Thumbadoo Kyrah M. , Murray Helen C. , Gordon David , Yang Shu , Blair Ian P. , Turner Clinton , Faull Richard L. M. , Curtis Maurice A. , McLean Catriona , Nicholson Garth A. , Swanson Molly E. V. , Scotter Emma L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMutations in theUBQLN2gene cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The neuropathology of suchUBQLN2-linked cases of ALS/FTD is characterised by aggregates of the ubiquilin 2 protein in addition to aggregates of the transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43). ALS and FTD withoutUBQLN2mutations are also characterised by TDP-43 aggregates, that may or may not colocalise with wildtype ubiquilin 2. Despite this, the relative contributions of TDP-43 and ubiquilin 2 to disease pathogenesis remain largely under-characterised, as does their relative deposition as aggregates across the central nervous system (CNS). Here we conducted multiplex immunohistochemistry of threeUBQLN2p.T487I-linked ALS/FTD cases, three non-UBQLN2-linked (sporadic) ALS cases, and eight non-neurodegenerative disease controls, covering 40 CNS regions. We then quantified ubiquilin 2 aggregates, TDP-43 aggregates, and aggregates containing both proteins in regions of interest to determine howUBQLN2-linked and non-UBQLN2-linked proteinopathy differ. We find that ubiquilin 2 aggregates that are negative for TDP-43 are predominantly small and punctate, and are abundant in the hippocampal formation, spinal cord, all tested regions of neocortex, medulla, and substantia nigra inUBQLN2-linked ALS/FTD but not sporadic ALS. Curiously, the striatum harboured small punctate ubiquilin 2 aggregates in all cases examined, while large diffuse striatal ubiquilin 2 aggregates were specific toUBQLN2-linked ALS/FTD. Overall, ubiquilin 2 is mainly deposited in clinically unaffected regions throughout the CNS such that symptomology inUBQLN2-linked cases maps best to the aggregation of TDP-43.
Robotic friction stir welding – seam-tracking control, force control and process supervision
Authors: Karlsson Martin , Bagge Carlson Fredrik , Holmstrand Martin , Robertsson Anders , De Backer Jeroen , Quintino Luisa , Assuncao Eurico , Johansson Rolf 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study aims to enable robotic friction stir welding (FSW) in practice. The use of robots has hitherto been limited, because of the large contact forces necessary for FSW. These forces are detrimental for the position accuracy of the robot. In this context, it is not sufficient to rely on the robot’s internal sensors for positioning. This paper describes and evaluates a new method for overcoming this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
A closed-loop robot control system for seam-tracking control and force control, running and recording data in real-time operation, was developed. The complete system was experimentally verified. External position measurements were obtained from a laser seam tracker and deviations from the seam were compensated for, using feedback of the measurements to a position controller.

Findings
The proposed system was shown to be working well in overcoming position error. The system is flexible and reconfigurable for batch and short production runs. The welds were free of defects and had beneficial mechanical properties.

Research limitations/implications
In the experiments, the laser seam tracker was used both for control feedback and for performance evaluation. For evaluation, it would be better to use yet another external sensor for position measurements, providing ground truth.

Practical implications
These results imply that robotic FSW is practically realizable, with the accuracy requirements fulfilled.

Originality/value
The method proposed in this research yields very accurate seam tracking as compared to previous research. This accuracy, in turn, is crucial for the quality of the resulting material.
Local and sustainable production as vectors of an agrarian branding strategy in Catalonia: case study of the Baixa Tordera
Authors: de San Eugenio Vela Jordi , Ginesta Portet Xavier , Compte-Pujol Marc , Frigola-Reig Joan , Fernández-Rovira Cristina 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the implications in terms of economic promotion and local development that ensue from the implementation of a strategy of agrarian branding in five municipalities in the Baixa Tordera region (Catalonia, Spain).

Design/methodology/approach
The research follows a case study logic. First, five focus groups were designed and distributed by sectors of activity. Second, six in-depth interviews were scheduled with opinion leaders from the region. Finally, a survey open to all inhabitants was set up on the town councils’ websites.

Findings
The brand understood as a device removed from the connotations of indiscriminate marketing should guarantee the following elements in its deployment and implementation: knowledge, recognition, complicity, development and denomination of origin.

Practical implications
This research contributes to improve the management models of agrarian spaces, but it also helps expand the research background on studies on agrarian branding.

Originality/value
The place brand must become something close to a denomination of origin that, informally, invites us to define the future of this agrarian area. It therefore also affects the complexity of the planning and development of this area which, from now on, must necessarily be supramunicipal. In this way, the brand needs to offer a holistic vision of the region to all the agents that work in the strategic and urban planning of the five municipalities under study.
How flexible pay can help employees in 2023
Authors: Brown David 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
The UK is experiencing an extraordinary cost-of-living crisis as inflation and prices continue to rise. Energy bills are soaring, and food prices are rising to record rates, with no expectation that prices will drop in 2023. The current economic side effect is the rise of buy now pay later and the increasing reliance on credit cards. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether employers introducing more flexible payment policies can improve the financial well-being of their employees.

Design/methodology/approach
The article analyses statistics and reports from various sources which provide detail on the impact of the cost-of-living crisis and the financial stress it causes on employees. The article evaluates sources and studies which explore the limitations of monthly pay and viable alternatives including flexible pay.

Findings
The article provides findings on the rise of short-term credit and buy now pay later schemes due to the cost-of-living crisis and how this is impacting on the workplace. The article discovers the significant benefits in introducing free flexible pay to employers and workers, from breaking the feast and famine cycle of monthly pay to improving well-being, productivity and absenteeism.

Originality/value
This research will be valuable for HR professionals and employers who are currently dealing with the cost-of-living crisis and are looking for cost-effective ways of helping employees financially in 2023.
Additional predictions for forensic DNA phenotyping of externally visible characteristics using the ForenSeq and Imagen kits
Authors: Elkins Kelly M. , Garloff Alexis T. , Zeller Cynthia B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultiplex DNA typing methods using massively parallel sequencing can be used to predict externally visible characteristics (EVCs) in forensic DNA phenotyping through the analysis of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. The focus of EVC determination has focused on hair color, eye color, and skin tone as well as visible biogeographical ancestry features. In this study, we researched off‐label applications beyond what is currently marketed by the manufacturer of the Verogen ForenSeq kit primer set B and Imagen primer set E SNP loci. We investigated additional EVC predictions by examining published genome wide sequencing studies and reported allele‐specific gene expression and predictive values. We have identified 15 SNPs included in the ForenSeq kit panel and Imagen kits that have additional EVC prediction capabilities beyond what is published in the Verogen manuals. The additional EVCs that can be predicted include hair graying, ephelides hyperpigmented spots, dermatoheliosis, facial pigmented spots, standing height, pattern balding, helix‐rolling ear morphology, hair shape, hair thickness, facial morphology, eyebrow thickness, sarcoidosis, obesity, vitiligo, and tanning propensity. The loci can be used to augment and refine phenotype predictions with software such as MetaHuman for missing persons, cold case, and historic case investigations.
Steering Straight: Adapting suicide risk safety planning as a prevention‐focused self‐management resource for the Australian farming community
Authors: Duke Sonya , Macdonald Joanna , Kennedy Alison J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis paper draws on the principles of suicide risk safety planning to co‐design a farming community resource for preventing and managing risks to mental health.SettingThis project was undertaken in the Great South Coast Region of Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsA working group (n = 6–8) from the Victorian farming community contributed to the iterative co‐design and co‐production of Steering Straight: My plan to keep on track. Twenty‐four members of the farming community pilot tested Steering Straight.DesignCo‐design to develop, pilot and refine the resource with working group and target farming community.ResultsSteering Straight was viewed positively by the farming community as a tool that prompts prioritising well‐being; encourages reflection, planning and concrete steps towards taking action; helps set and meet personal goals; is simple and practical; and identifies pathways to support. Most participants (94%) completed Steering Straight on their own, taking approximately 15–30 min to create their personalised plan. Questions most likely to be filled in related to recognising personal signs of deteriorating well‐being and listing and planning enjoyable activities. A majority of participants (67%) kept a hard copy of their Steering Straight plan on hand to refer back to, while 78% expressed a preference for a digital version.ConclusionThe co‐design and co‐production process resulted in a tailored prevention‐focused resource that was accepted and valued by the farming community.
Safety and efficacy of induction immunochemotherapy with rituximab, methotrexate, ifosfamide, and vincristine (R‐MIV) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma including recent COVID‐19 pandemic experience
Authors: Ostrowska Beata , Domanska‐Czyz Katarzyna , Romejko‐Jarosinska Joanna , Osowiecki Michal , Targonski Lukasz , Poplawska Lidia , Konecki Robert , Kotarska Martyna , Szymanski Marcin , Borawska Anna , Swierkowska Monika , Dabrowska‐Iwanicka Anna , Druzd‐Sitek Agnieszka , Paszkiewicz‐Kozik Ewa , Mroz‐Zycinska Ewa , Tajer Joanna , Wojciechowska‐Lampka Elzbieta , Osiadacz Wlodzimierz , Rymkiewicz Grzegorz , Lapinska Grazyna , Wojewodzka‐Mirocha Marta , Michalski Wojciech , Walewski Jan 
Published: February 2023

SummaryClinical data on primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) patients is mostly generated from prospective studies, and many frail real‐world patients are not included. Recently,the diagnosis and treatment of PCNSL patients was confounded by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In particular, treatment with high‐dose cytarabine was linked to increased risk of pneumonia and virus persistence. We report on outcome of the induction regimen R‐MIV (rituximab, methotrexate, ifosfamide, and vincristine) involving intensive administration of high‐dose methotrexate (3.5 g/m2) with ifosfamide, every 2 weeks and rituximab once per week for six doses. The median age and performance status (PS) for 64 patients was 58 years and 2 (PS 3; 22%) respectively. The overall response rate by magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) was 73% (n = 46/63), with an additional 17.5% (n = 11/63) patients without measurable disease at baseline. Grade 3–4 haematological toxicity was low for R‐MIV (neutropenia: 25% and thrombocytopenia: 1%). Three patients (4.7%) died from treatment‐related toxicity. Co‐existence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with cytomegalovirus reactivation and the varicella‐zoster virus in two patients was fatal. Fifty patients (78%) were eligible for consolidation. Median progression‐free and overall survival were not reached (median follow‐up: 44 months). In conclusion, the R‐MIV regimen is feasible in routine practice, effective and safe, even during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Optical‐physical and inkjet printing properties of created hybrid CaCO3 coated papers
Authors: Yilmaz Ufuk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the role of different formulations of calcium carbonates on the inkjet printing quality, with the use of cationic carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐starch as a binder in the formation of the coating structure of paper to use for inkjet printing. For this, GCC (ground calcium carbonate), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) and ECC (eggshell calcium carbonate), which have been tried as new coating materials in recent years, are mixed in different proportions to form a different coated formulation and plastered on the newly produced paper surface. Then, optical and physical tests of the obtained samples are carried out. Then, printing properties of the papers on which drop‐on‐demand system inkjet printing is made are examined. According to the obtained data, it is determined that the optical properties of coated paper with GCC + PCC blends outperformed papers coated with other blends. According to the physical test results, GCC + PCC blended coated papers showed the best performance in breaking length and tear indices. ECC + PCC blended coated papers however showed the best performance in burst indices. It is determined that as the particle size of the calcium carbonates in the coating materials decreased, the burst indices value also decreased. This situation is the opposite for breaking length and tear indices values. When the inkjet printing features are examined, it is seen that the best results are obtained from GCC + ECC coated papers in general. The most optimal metamerism indices results, measured under three different light sources, are obtained on GCC + PCC coated papers.
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M titers decline as interval from the second inactivated vaccine dose to the onset of illness is prolonged in breakthrough infection patients
Authors: Xu Chuan‐cai , He Zhi‐song , Lei Wei , Zhu Jin‐zhou , Zhao Da‐guo , Kong Jin‐dan , Wei Yao , Xu Ying , Huang Jian‐An 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding of the early immune response in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) breakthrough infections is limited.MethodsNinety‐eight patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) breakthrough infections were divided into two groups, with intervals from receiving the second dose of inactivated vaccine to the onset of illness <60 or ≥60 days.ResultsThe median lymphocyte count and the median anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers were higher in the <60‐day interval group compared with the corresponding medians in the ≥60‐day interval group (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). The median interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) level in the <60‐day interval group was significantly lower than the median IL‐6 level in the ≥60‐day interval group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results highlight the different anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG and IgM antibody titers among patients with different intervals from receiving the second dose of inactivated vaccine to the onset of illness.
Understanding conflict among experts working on controversial species: A case study on the Australian dingo
Authors: Donfrancesco Valerio , Allen Benjamin L. , Appleby Rob , Behrendorff Linda , Conroy Gabriel , Crowther Mathew S. , Dickman Christopher R. , Doherty Tim , Fancourt Bronwyn A. , Gordon Christopher E. , Jackson Stephen M. , Johnson Chris N. , Kennedy Malcolm S. , Koungoulos Loukas , Letnic Mike , Leung Luke K.‐P. , Mitchell Kieren J. , Nesbitt Bradley , Newsome Thomas , Pacioni Carlo , Phillip Justine , Purcell Brad V. , Ritchie Euan G. , Smith Bradley P. , Stephens Danielle , Tatler Jack , van Eeden Lily M. , Cairns Kylie M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExpert elicitation can be valuable for informing decision‐makers on conservation and wildlife management issues. To date, studies eliciting expert opinions have primarily focused on identifying and building consensus on key issues. Nonetheless, there are drawbacks of a strict focus on consensus, and it is important to understand and emphasize dissent, too. This study adopts a dissensus‐based Delphi to understand conflict among dingo experts. Twenty‐eight experts participated in three rounds of investigation. We highlight disagreement on most of the issues explored. In particular, we find that disagreement is underpinned by what we call “conflict over values” and “conflict over evidence.” We also note the broader role played by distrust in influencing such conflicts. Understanding and recognizing the different elements shaping disagreement is critical for informing and improving decision‐making and can also enable critique of dominant paradigms in current practices. We encourage greater reflexivity and open deliberation on these aspects and hope our study will inform similar investigations in other contexts.