bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming stress program on medical students’ stress mindset and coping strategies: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Nguyen Tan , Pu Christy , Waits Alexander , Tran Tuan D. , Ngo Tuan Hung , Huynh Quynh Thi Vu , Huang Song-Lih 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
Stress is a significant concern in medical education, and identifying effective ways to deal with stress may help with students’ mental health and professional development. This study aimed to examine the effects of the Transforming Stress Program (TSP) amongst first-year medical students on their stress mindset and coping strategies when confronted with stressors.

Methods
We conducted a quasi-experimental study at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total of 409 first-year students at the Faculty of Medicine were divided into intervention group (205 students) and control group (204 students). The 10-week TSP was delivered as an extra-curricular course. The training adopts psychoeducation based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy with mindfulness as a fundamental practice incorporated into each component of the program. The intervention group received the training in the first semester; the control group received identical program in the second semester. Stress Mindset Measurement and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced were measured before the intervention (T0), immediately after intervention on Intervention group (T1), and six months after intervention on Intervention group (T2).

Results
At T1, the intervention group showed 65% improvements in stress mindset scores and increases in coping strategies scores in six domains (Problem solving, Social support, Humor, Religion, Venting, and Self-distraction) and decreases in three (Avoidance, Substance use, and Self-blame). The effect sizes were significant in all outcomes (Cohen’s d > 0.2). Measurements of the control group did not change significantly in the same period. At T2, effects of the TSP were found decreased in some domains (Avoidance, Substance use, and Self-blame) compared to T1, but largely remained significantly better than T0.

Conclusions
The TSP is a feasible and effective approach that significantly enhanced medical students’ stress mindset and coping strategies. Some effects were still observable 6 months after the intervention. The relatively intensive intervention requires support of the school administration and staff.
The role of AJB35136 and fdtA genes in biofilm formation by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Khan Muhammad Moman , Ali Aamir , Kolenda Rafał , Olowe Olugbenga Adekunle , Weinreich Jörg , Li Ganwu , Schierack Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Infections caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) result in significant economic losses in poultry industry. APEC strains are known to form biofilms in various conditions allowing them to thrive even under harsh and nutrient-deficient conditions on different surfaces, and this ability enables them to evade chemical and biological eradication methods. Despite knowing the whole genome sequences of various APEC isolates, little has been reported regarding their biofilm-associated genes. A random transposon mutant library of the wild-type APEC IMT 5155 comprising 1,300 mutants was analyzed for biofilm formation under nutrient deprived conditions using Videoscan technology coupled with fluorescence microscopy. Seven transposon mutants were found to have reproducibly and significantly altered biofilm formation and their mutated genes were identified by arbitrary PCR and DNA sequencing. The intact genes were acquired from the wild-type strain, cloned in pACYC177 plasmid and transformed into the respective altered biofilm forming transposon mutants, and the biofilm formation was checked in comparison to the wild type and mutant strains under the same conditions.

Results
In this study, we report seven genes i.e., nhaA, fdeC, yjhB, lysU, ecpR, AJB35136 and fdtA of APEC with significant contribution to biofilm formation. Reintroduction of AJB35136 and fdtA, reversed the altered phenotype proving that a significant role being played by these two O-antigen related genes in APEC biofilm formation. Presence of these seven genes across nonpathogenic E. coli and APEC genomes was also analyzed showing that they are more prevalent in the latter.

Conclusions
The study has elucidated the role of these genes in APEC biofilm formation and compared them to adhesion expanding the knowledge and understanding of the economically significant pathogens.
Oral hydrogel nanoemulsion co-delivery system treats inflammatory bowel disease via anti-inflammatory and promoting intestinal mucosa repair
Authors: Lei Fenting , Zeng Fancai , Yu Xin , Deng Yiping , Zhang Zongquan , Xu Maochang , Ding Nianhui , Tian Ji , Li Chunhong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Due to oral nano-delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often failed to accumulated to the colonic site and could not achieve controlled drug release, it’s urgent to develop a microenvironment responsive drug delivery to improve therapy efficacy. Inflammation at the IBD site is mainly mediated by macrophages, which are the key effector cells. Excessive inflammation leads to oxidative stress and intestinal mucosal damage. The use of curcumin (CUR) and emodin (EMO) together for the treatment of IBD is promising due to their respective anti-inflammatory and intestinal mucosal repair effects. In view of the pH gradient environment of gastrointestinal tract, here we prepared pH-responsive sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel-coated nanoemulsions to co-deliver CUR and EMO (CUR/EMO NE@SA) to achieve controlled drug release and specifically target macrophages of the colon.

Results
In this study, a pH-responsive CUR/EMO NE@SA was successfully developed, in which the CUR/EMO NE was loaded by chitosan and further crosslinked with sodium alginate. CUR/EMO NE@SA had a pH-responsive property and could achieve controlled drug release in the colon. The preparation could significantly alleviate and improve the colon inflammatory microenvironment by decreasing TNF-α and IL-6 expression, increasing IL-10 expression, scavenging reactive oxygen species in macrophages, and by ameliorating the restoration of intestinal mucosal tight junction protein expression. Furthermore, we revealed the molecular mechanism of the preparation for IBD treatment, which might due to the CUR and EMO synergic inhibition of NF-κB to improve the pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Our study provides a new IBD therapy strategy via synergically inhibiting inflammatory, repairing mucosal and clearing ROS by pH-sensitive hydrogel-encapsulated nanoemulsion drug delivery system, which might be developed for other chronic inflammatory disease treatment.

Conclusions
It’s suggested that pH-sensitive hydrogel-coated nanoemulsion-based codelivery systems are a promising combinatorial platform in IBD.

Graphical Abstract
Perspectives of U.S. harm reduction advocates on persuasive message strategies
Authors: White Sarah A. , Lee Rachel , Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Sherman Susan G. , McGinty Emma E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The messages used to communicate about harm reduction are critical in garnering public support for adoption of harm reduction interventions. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of harm reduction interventions at reducing overdose deaths and disease transmission, the USA has been slow to adopt harm reduction to scale. Implementation of evidence-based interventions has been hindered by a historical framing of drug use as a moral failure and related stigmatizing attitudes among the public toward people who use drugs. Understanding how professional harm reduction advocates communicate to audiences about the benefits of harm reduction is a critical step to designing persuasive messaging strategies.

Methods
We conducted qualitative interviews with a purposively recruited sample of U.S. professional harm reduction advocates (N = 15) to examine their perspectives on which types of messages are effective in persuading U.S. audiences on the value of harm reduction. Participants were professionals working in harm reduction advocacy at national- or state-level organizations promoting and/or implementing harm reduction. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a hybrid inductive/deductive approach.

Results
Interviewees agreed that messages about the scientific evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of harm reduction approaches are important but insufficient, on their own, to persuade audiences. Interviewees identified two overarching messaging strategies they perceived as persuasive: using messages about harm reduction that align with audience-specific values, for example centering the value of life or individual redemption; and positioning harm reduction as part of the comprehensive solution to current issues audiences are facing related to drug use and overdose in their community. Interviewees discussed tailoring messages strategies to four key audiences: policymakers; law enforcement; religious groups; and the family and friends of people who use, or have used, drugs. For example, advocates discussed framing messages to law enforcement from the perspective of public safety.

Conclusions
Interviewees viewed messages as most persuasive when they align with audience values and audience-specific concerns related to drug use and overdose death. Future research should test effectiveness of tailored messaging strategies to audiences using experimental approaches.
Concomitant induction of SLIT3 and microRNA-218–2 in macrophages by toll-like receptor 4 activation limits osteoclast commitment
Authors: Kim Eun-Young , Kim Ji-Eun , Chung Soo-Hyun , Park Ji-Eun , Yoon Dohee , Min Hyo-Jin , Sung Yoolim , Lee Soo Been , Kim Seong Who , Chang Eun-Ju 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundToll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) conducts a highly regulated inflammatory process by limiting the extent of inflammation to avoid toxicity and tissue damage, even in bone tissues. Thus, it is plausible that strategies for the maintenance of normal bone-immunity to prevent undesirable bone damage by TLR4 activation can exist, but direct evidence is still lacking.MethodsOsteoclast precursors (OCPs) obtained fromWTorSlit3-deficient mice were differentiated into osteoclast (OC) with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), RANK ligand (RANKL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by determining the number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells (TRAP+MNCs). To determine the alteration of OCPs population, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was conducted in bone marrow cells in mice after LPS injection. The severity of bone loss in LPS injectedWTorSlit3-deficient mice was evaluated by micro-CT analysis.ResultWe demonstrate that TLR4 activation by LPS inhibits OC commitment by inducing the concomitant expression ofmiR-218–2-3pand its host gene,Slit3, in mouse OCPs. TLR4 activation by LPS induced SLIT3 and its receptor ROBO1 in BMMs, and this SLIT3-ROBO1 axis hinders RANKL-induced OC differentiation by switching the protein levels of C/EBP-β isoforms. A deficiency of SLIT3 resulted in increased RANKL-induced OC differentiation, and the elevated expression of OC marker genes includingPu.1,Nfatc1, andCtsk. Notably,Slit3-deficient mice showed expanded OCP populations in the bone marrow. We also found that miR-218–2 was concomitantly induced with SLIT3 expression after LPS treatment, and that this miRNA directly suppressedTnfrsf11a(RANK) expression at both gene and protein levels, linking it to a decrease in OC differentiation. An endogenousmiR-218–2block rescued the expression of RANK and subsequent OC formation in LPS-stimulated OCPs. Aligned with these results,SLIT3-deficient mice displayed increased OC formation and reduced bone density after LPS challenge.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the TLR4-dependent concomitant induction ofSlit3andmiR-218–2targets RANK in OCPs to restrain OC commitment, thereby avoiding an uncoordinated loss of bone through inflammatory processes. These observations provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of TLR4 in controlling the commitment phase of OC differentiation.
Rutaecarpine induces the differentiation of triple-negative breast cancer cells through inhibiting fumarate hydratase
Authors: Lei Jie , Pan Yujia , Gao Rui , He Bin , Wang Zifeng , Lei Xinxing , Zhang Zijian , Yang Na , Yan Min 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers and has poor prognosis. Approximately 80% of TNBC cases belong to the molecular basal-like subtype, which can be exploited therapeutically by inducing differentiation. However, the strategies for inducing the differentiation of TNBC remain underexplored.

Methods
A three-dimensional (3D) morphological screening model based on a natural compound library was used to identify possible candidate compounds that can induce TNBC cell differentiation. The efficacy of rutaecarpine was verified using assays: RT-qPCR, RNA-seq, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, SCENITH and label-free LC–MS/MS. The direct targets of rutaecarpine were identified through drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. A xenograft mice model was also constructed to confirm the effect of rutaecarpine in vivo.

Results
We identified that rutaecarpine, an indolopyridoquinazolinone, induces luminal differentiation of basal TNBC cells in both 3D spheroids and in vivo mice models. Mechanistically, rutaecarpine treatment leads to global metabolic stress and elevated ROS in 3D cultured TNBC cells. Moreover, NAC, a scavenger of ROS, impedes rutaecarpine-induced differentiation of TNBC cells in 3D culture. Finally, we identified fumarate hydratase (FH) as the direct interacting target of rutaecarpine. The inhibition of FH and the knockdown of FH consistently induced the differentiation of TNBC cells in 3D culture.

Conclusions
Our results provide a platform for differentiation therapy drug discovery using 3D culture models and identify rutaecarpine as a potential compound for TNBC treatment.
Strategies to enhance sexual health education for prevention of teenage pregnancy in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province: different stakeholder’s perspectives, a co-operative Inquiry qualitative protocol paper
Authors: Sepeng Nombulelo V. , Mulaudzi Fhumulani M. , Mathivha Pfarelo , Musie Maurine R. , Seretlo Raikane J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
South Africa is reporting higher rates of adolescent pregnancy as compared to other countries. There are different types of interventions that are in place to address teenage pregnancy. However, these interventions were developed using top-down strategy without the inclusion of different stakeholders and adolescents which makes it hard to implement those interventions particularly in countries like South Africa. Hence, this study aimed to develop strategies to enhance sexual health education for prevention of teenage pregnancy in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province of South Africa.

Methods
The research design of this study will be Co-operative Inquiry.The study will take place in Vhembe District in Limpopo province of South Africa through collaborating with a Non-governmental Organisation (NGO). The study population will be the teenagers and all the different stakeholders caring for teenagers in their areas of specialization. Purposive sampling will be used to sample the targeted participants of the study. The data collection method will be done in phases and focus group discussions will be used to collect data. Content analysis will be used to analyse data.

Discussion
This study will add to the body of knowledge regarding the strategies that maybe used to enhance sexual health education for prevention of teenage pregnancy.
HIV infection in adult Ugandans with new-onset type 2 diabetes: exploring its influence on the anthropometric and metabolic profile
Authors: Kibirige Davis , Sekitoleko Isaac , Owarwo Noela , Andia-Biraro Irene , Lumu William 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
HIV infection increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and may influence its phenotypic profile. In this study, we aimed to compare the anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of HIV-infected and uninfected adult Ugandans with new-onset type 2 diabetes to evaluate the influence of HIV infection on specific surrogate markers of adiposity, insulin resistance, and pancreatic beta-cell function.

Methods
We consecutively recruited 500 HIV-infected and uninfected adult Ugandans with new-onset type 2 diabetes (diagnosed in < 3 months) from seven tertiary hospitals over a 20-month period and compared their anthropometric and metabolic characteristics to identify any significant differences.

Results
Of the 500 participants with new-onset type 2 diabetes, 59 (11.8%) had a self-reported history of HIV infection. Compared with HIV-uninfected participants with type 2 diabetes, participants with HIV infection and type 2 diabetes had a lower median (IQR) hip circumference (97.8 [91.0-106.0] cm vs. 104.0 [96.0-112.0], p = 0.002) and visceral fat level (8 [6–11] vs. 10 [7–12], p < 0.001) assessed using bioimpedance analysis. No statistically significant difference was noted with the markers of pancreatic beta-cell function (fasting, 30-minute, and 120-minute C-peptide concentrations, oral insulinogenic index, and homeostatic model assessment 2-beta cell function) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment 2-insulin resistance) between both groups.

Conclusion
In our study population, HIV infection was not associated with increased adiposity, pancreatic beta-cell function, and insulin resistance. Large prospective studies are needed to investigate the effect of HIV on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in adult Ugandans.
The rates and symptoms of natural and breakthrough infection pre- and post- Covid-19 non-mRNA vaccination at various peaks amongst Iranian healthcare workers
Authors: Jamalidoust Marzieh , Eilami Owrang , Ashkan Zahra , Ziyaeyan Mazyar , Aliabadi Nasrin , Habibi Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background/Aims
The aim of this study was to determine the rate of natural and breakthrough infection and related symptoms of Covid-19 amongst Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs) who were vaccinated by different non-mRNA-based vaccines at peak points.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, the RT-PCR test was performed for a total of 10,581 HCWs suspicious of Covid-19 infection. For each HCW, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the time of transmission based on vaccination administration time and schedule were examined during different waves of the pandemic. Based on these findings, the study patients were divided into three groups: natural, natural/breakthrough, and breakthrough.

Results
In total, 53% of the HCWs were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 and 5 times within two years after the current pandemic, while 20.7% and 32.3% experienced natural and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. Only 6% of the breakthrough-infected HCWs had naturally contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection during the initial waves. The highest natural peaks of infection occurred during the interval administration of the first and second dose of the first vaccination series, while the single highest peak of breakthrough infection belonged to the Omicron wave. It occurred simultaneously with the administration of the third vaccination dose. On the other hand, the highest rate of reinfection was observed amongst people who had received the Sinopharm and Bharat vaccines full-doses.

Conclusion
This study compared the clinical differences between the two peaks of Omicron and Delta. This study indicates the rates of natural and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections according to vaccination schedules and different waves of the pandemic.
The International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) book series: a key resource globally for alcohol industry political strategies
Authors: Bartlett Andrew , McCambridge Jim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines the functions and purposes of the International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) book series, published by Routledge between 1998 and 2010. The books were authored by invited academics, ICAP staffers, and alcohol industry representatives.The key data source for this paper was the framing material – forewords, introductions, conclusions – of the books. A thematic analysis positioned the contents with regard to ongoing alcohol research and public health policy issues.This was a project to ‘shift the paradigm’. ICAP frames alcohol policy choices in ways which direct policy attention to sub-groups rather than the population level. Population-level approaches are caricatured as ‘ideological’. The concept of ‘balance’ is prominent and is employed in multiple ways. Business interests are elided and industry involvement in policy making is promoted on scientific grounds. The intellectual programme is lent credibility by leading scientists and the imprimatur of an academic publisher.While this attempt to change the paradigm in alcohol science has failed, ineffective alcohol policies remain common, uninformed by scientific evidence on how harms at the societal level may be reduced. The ICAP book series continues to serve its function as a resource to support the status quo in respect of alcohol policy.
Application of postmortem computed tomography angiography to settle a medical dispute after aortic dissection surgery: a forensic case report
Authors: Zhuoqun Wang , Zhiling Tian , Lei Wan , Hewen Dong , Donghua Zou , Jianhua Zhang , Ningguo Liu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
In the present case, we applied postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) in a medical dispute involving sudden death after cardiovascular surgery.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old man underwent aortic arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation surgery under extracorporeal circulation. All vital signs were stable and he was arranged for discharge seven days after surgery. Several days later, the patient was sent back to the hospital for chest pain and poor appetite. Unfortunately, his condition worsened and he ultimately died. PMCT scanning detect pericardial effusion. Family members suspected that the surgical sutures were not dense enough, causing the patient’s postoperative bleeding and resulting in cardiac tamponade and death. PMCTA was performed before autopsy, which showed pericardial effusion. However, postmortem angiography with simulated blood pressure showed no leakage of contrast agent, which guided the subsequent autopsy and histological examinations.

Conclusions
While many previous postmortem imaging case reports have shown positive results that provided evidence of medical malpractice, the current case excludes the possibility of physician negligence and reasonably settles the medical dispute from another perspective. In short, the PMCTA approach we describe here was an effective tool that can be applied to certain medical-related forensic cases.