bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical diagnostic value of amino acids in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Hu Shousen , Zhao Chang , Wang Zi’an , Li Zeyun , Kong Xiangzhen 
Published: June 2023

Background
Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the survival rates of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Therefore, it is necessary to discover new biomarkers for laryngeal cancer screening and early diagnosis.

Methods
We collected fasting plasma from LSCC patients and healthy volunteers, as well as cancer and para-carcinoma tissues from LSCC patients, and performed quantitative detection of amino acid levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We used overall analysis and multivariate statistical analysis to screen out the statistically significant differential amino acids in the plasma and tissue samples, conducted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the differential amino acids to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the differential amino acids, and finally determined the diagnostic value of amino acids for laryngeal cancer. Additionally, we identified amino acids in the plasma and tissue samples that are valuable for the early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer classified according to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification.

Results
Asparagine (Asp) and homocysteine (Hcy) were two amino acids of common significance in plasma and tissue samples, and their specificity and sensitivity analysis showed that they may be new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of LSCC. According to the TNM staging system, phenylalanine (Phe) and isoleucine (Ile) were screened out in the plasma of LSCC patients at early (I and II) and advanced (III and IV) stages; ornithine hydrochloride (Orn), glutamic acid (Glu), and Glycine (Gly) were selected in the tissue. These dysregulated amino acids found in LSCC patients may be useful as clinical biomarkers for the early diagnosis and screening of LSCC.
Current Breeding Approaches in Pearl Millet to Enhance the Nutritional Quality
Authors: Yadav T. Venu , Meena M. K. , Kumari Varsha , Kunwar Ram , Ram Manohar , Gothwal D. K. 
Published: June 2023

Pearl millet is an important millet crop, as it is a powerhouse of nutrition with capability to grow at harsh climatic conditions. It is able to overcome sudden climate changes and other natural disasters which can create food security problem by raising the price of foods there by reduce the availability of food materials. Pearl millet can be an alternative nutritious crop for the poor men which provide enough nutrition for active and healthy life. It is cheap source of nutrition when compared to other major cereal crops. While having its nutrition and health benefits, utilization of this crop is restricted due to lack of knowledge and poor keeping quality.
Different breeding strategies like biofortification breeding, making of synthetic and composites, hybridization techniques by using A,B,R lines, Genomics, Speed breeding are frequently utilized in worldwide. Different improved lines with enhanced zinc and iron content may be used under hybridization programme to overcome the problem of low zinc and iron varieties. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide the information about nutritional profile, health benefits, biofortification process, current breeding approaches and future prospects.
Influence of Bio-fertilizers and Plant Geometry on Growth, Yield and Economics of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Dasthari Manasa , Debbarma Victor 
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) to determine the “Influence of Bio-fertilizers and Plant geometry on growth, yield and economics of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)”, The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 8.0), low in organic carbon (0.62 %), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (38.2 kg/ha) and available K (240.7 kg/ha),to study the response of plant geometry (20x20 cm,30x10 cm,40x10c m) with the combination of biofertilizers such as, rhizobium (20 g), PSB (20 g) and rhizobium (20 g) + PSB (20 g). The experiment laid out in RBD with 10 treatments each replicated thrice .the results showed that treatment 9 recorded significantly higher plant height (44.57 cm), maximum number of nodules/plant (7.12), higher plant dry weight (15.32 g), maximum number of pods/plant (20.13), maximum number of seeds/pod (4.00), higher seed index (18.57g), higher seed yield (1243.67kg), maximum straw yield (2656.21kg), higher harvest index (32.93%), maximum gross returns (1,19,838), maximum net returns (85,504) and highest Benefit cost ratio of (2.49) was recorded.
COVID Stress Scales: A Cross-sectional Study of its Psychometric Properties among Africans with Chronic, Stable Medical Conditions
Authors: Onu J. U. , Nwatu C. B. , Ugwu C. J. , Mbadiwe N. , Onyeaghala C. A. , Udeogu K. E. , Abonyi M. C. , Young E. E. , Unaogu N. N. , Ndukuba A. , Ugwumba F. , Onwuekwe I. O. 
Published: June 2023

Background: The coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) elicited in various populations, diverse psycho-behavioral responses. The COVID Stress Scales (CSS) was developed and validated in the general population, among US and Canadian adults, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Expectedly, population-specific variations in response are likely, hence, the need to validate psychometrically sound instruments across cultures and diverse populations.
Aim: To determine the factor structure and reliability estimates of the CSS among participants with chronic, stable medical conditions in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.
Methods: The cross-sectional study, involved 1047 consenting adults with chronic, stable medical conditions attending the out-patient specialist clinics of a foremost tertiary hospital in Nigeria. The participants were enrolled consecutively over a four-month period straddling the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CSS was administered to participants who fulfilled the study criteria. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) using Principal Component Analysis and Oblimin rotation with Kaiser Normalization, was used to extract the factors.
Results: A six-factor structure emerged: COVID-19-related socio-economic consequences; contamination; xenophobia; traumatic stress; compulsive checking and reassurance seeking; and danger. The internal consistency within items of each domain was acceptable (Cronbach alpha 0.85 and above) and correlation between the domains was moderate to strong.
Conclusion: The CSS maintained a six-factor structure, corresponding to the six scales, among Nigerian participants with chronic, stable medical conditions. It has acceptable reliability estimates and can be used to assess COVID-19-related anxiety in this population. The inter-correlation of the various domains is a strong evidence for the existence of COVID stress syndrome.
Smart Thermometer–Based Participatory Surveillance to Discern the Role of Children in Household Viral Transmission During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tseng Yi-Ju , Olson Karen L. , Bloch Danielle , Mandl Kenneth D. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceChildren’s role in spreading virus during the COVID-19 pandemic is yet to be elucidated, and measuring household transmission traditionally requires contact tracing.ObjectiveTo discern children’s role in household viral transmission during the pandemic when enveloped viruses were at historic lows and the predominance of viral illnesses were attributed to COVID-19.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study of a voluntary US cohort tracked data from participatory surveillance using commercially available thermometers with a companion smartphone app from October 2019 to October 2022. Eligible participants were individuals with temperature measurements in households with multiple members between October 2019 and October 2022 who opted into data sharing.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of household transmissions with a pediatric index case and changes in transmissions during school breaks were assessed using app and thermometer data.ResultsA total of 862 577 individuals from 320 073 households with multiple participants (462 000 female [53.6%] and 463 368 adults [53.7%]) were included. The number of febrile episodes forecast new COVID-19 cases. Within-household transmission was inferred in 54 506 (15.4%) febrile episodes and increased from the fourth pandemic period, March to July 2021 (3263 of 32 294 [10.1%]) to the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 wave (16 516 of 94 316 [17.5%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Among 38 787 transmissions in 166 170 households with adults and children, a median (IQR) 70.4% (61.4%-77.6%) had a pediatric index case; proportions fluctuated weekly from 36.9% to 84.6%. A pediatric index case was 0.6 to 0.8 times less frequent during typical school breaks. The winter break decrease was from 68.4% (95% CI, 57.1%-77.8%) to 41.7% (95% CI, 34.3%-49.5%) at the end of 2020 (P &amp;lt; .001). At the beginning of 2022, it dropped from 80.3% (95% CI, 75.1%-84.6%) to 54.5% (95% CI, 51.3%-57.7%) (P &amp;lt; .001). During summer breaks, rates dropped from 81.4% (95% CI, 74.0%-87.1%) to 62.5% (95% CI, 56.3%-68.3%) by August 2021 (P = .02) and from 83.8% (95% CI, 79.2%-87.5) to 62.8% (95% CI, 57.1%-68.1%) by July 2022 (P &amp;lt; .001). These patterns persisted over 2 school years.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study using participatory surveillance to measure within-household transmission at a national scale, we discerned an important role for children in the spread of viral infection within households during the COVID-19 pandemic, heightened when schools were in session, supporting a role for school attendance in COVID-19 spread.
Association of Prescription Co-payment With Adherence to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapies in Patients With Heart Failure and Diabetes
Authors: Essien Utibe R. , Singh Balvindar , Swabe Gretchen , Johnson Amber E. , Eberly Lauren A. , Wadhera Rishi K. , Breathett Khadijah , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Magnani Jared W. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceType 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure (HF) prevalence are rising in the US. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve outcomes for these conditions, high out-of-pocket costs may be associated with reduced medication adherence.ObjectiveTo compare 1-year adherence to GLP1-RA and SGLT2i therapies by prescription co-payment level in individuals with T2D and/or HF.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used deidentified data from Optum Insight’s Clinformatics Data Mart Database of enrollees with commercial and Medicare health insurance plans. Individuals aged 18 years or older with T2D and/or HF who had a prescription claim for a GLP1-RA or SLGT2i from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2020, were included.ExposuresPrescription co-payment, categorized as low (&amp;lt;$10), medium ($10 to&amp;lt;$50), and high (≥$50).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was medication adherence, defined as a proportion of days covered (PDC) of 80% or greater at 1 year. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between co-payment and adherence, adjusting for patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and socioeconomic factors.ResultsA total of 94 610 individuals (mean [SD] age, 61.8 [11.4] years; 51 226 [54.1%] male) were prescribed GLP1-RA or SGLT2i therapy. Overall, 39 149 individuals had a claim for a GLP1-RA, of whom 25 557 (65.3%) had a PDC of 80% or greater at 1 year. In fully adjusted models, individuals with a medium (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58-0.67) or high (AOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.44-0.51) co-payment were less likely to have a PDC of 80% or greater with a GLP1-RA compared with those with a low co-payment. Overall, 51 072 individuals had a claim for an SGLT2i, of whom 37 339 (73.1%) had a PDC of 80% or greater at 1 year. Individuals with a medium (AOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.63-0.72) or high (AOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.63-0.72) co-payment were less likely to have a PDC of 80% or greater with an SGLT2i compared with those with a low co-payment.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of individuals with T2D and/or HF, 1-year adherence to GLP1-RA or SGLT2i therapies was highest among individuals with a low co-payment. Improving adherence to guideline-based therapies may require interventions that reduce out-of-pocket prescription costs.
Anisotropic ZnS Nanoclusters/Ordered Macro‐Microporous Carbon Superstructure for Fibrous Supercapacitor toward Commercial‐Level Energy Density
Authors: Wu Xingjiang , Yu Xude , Zhang Zekai , Liu Hengyuan , Ling SiDa , Liu Xueyan , Lian Cheng , Xu Jianhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFibrous supercapacitor (FSC) is of great attention in wearable electronics, but is challenged by low energy density, owing to disordered diffusion pathway and sluggish redox kinetics. Herein, using micro‐reaction strategy, an anisotropic superstructure is developed by in situ anchoring ultrafine zinc sulfine (ZnS) nanoclusters on conductively ordered macro‐microporous carbon skeleton via interfacial CSZn bonds (ZnS/SOM‐C). The anisotropic superstructure affords 3D ordered macro‐microporous pathways, large accessible surfaces, and highly dispersed active sites, which exhibit enhanced electrolyte mass diffusion, rapid interfacial charge transfer, and large faradaic ions storage (capacitance of 1158 F g−1 in KOH aqueous solution). By microfluidic spinning, the ZnS/SOM‐C is further assembled into fibrous electrode of FSC that delivers high capacitance (791 F g−1), commercial‐level energy density (172 mWh g−1), and durable stability. As a result, the FSC can realize wearable self‐powered applications (e.g., self‐cleaning ventilatory mask, smartwatch, and display), exhibiting the superiority in new energy and wearable industry.
Integrated Piezoelectric/Conductive Composite Cryogel Creates Electroactive Microenvironment for Enhanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zheng Tianyi , Pang Yanyun , Zhang Daixing , Wang Yue , Zhang Xu , Leng Huijie , Yu Yingjie , Yang Xiaoping , Cai Qing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNatural bone tissue possesses inherent electrophysiological characteristics, displaying conductivity and piezoelectricity simultaneously; hence, the reconstruction of local electrical microenvironment at defect site provides an effective strategy to enhance osteogenesis. Herein, a composite cryogel‐type scaffold (referred to as Gel‐PD‐CMBT) is developed for bone regeneration, utilizing gelatin (Gel) in combination with a conductive poly(ethylene dioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate matrix and Ca/Mn co‐doped barium titanate (CMBT) nanofibers as the piezoelectric filler. The incorporation of these components results in the formation of an integrated piezoelectric/conductive network within the scaffold, facilitating charge migration and yielding a conductivity of 0.59 S cm−1. This conductive scaffold creates a promising electroactive microenvironment, which is capable of up‐regulating biological responses. Furthermore, the interconnected porous structure of the Gel‐PD‐CMBT scaffold not only provides mechanical stability but also offered ample space for cellular and tissue ingrowth. This Gel‐PD‐CMBT scaffold demonstrates a greater capacity to promote cellular osteogenic differentiation in vitro and neo‐bone formation in vivo. In summary, the Gel‐PD‐CMBT scaffold, with its integrated piezoelectricity and conductivity, effectively restores the local electroactive microenvironment, offering an ideal platform for the regeneration of electrophysiological bone tissue.
Retraction: Colloidal Cobalt Phosphide Nanocrystals as Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting Powered by a Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Li Hui , Li Qi , Wen Peng , Williams Trey B. , Adhikari Shiba , Dun Chaochao , Lu Chang , Itanze Dominque , Jiang Lin , Carroll David L. , Donati George L. , Lundin Pamela M. , Qiu Yejun , Geyer Scott M. 
Published: June 2023

Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1705796https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705796The above article, published online on January 15, 2018, in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705796), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief Jos Lenders, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. The retraction has been agreed on following concerns raised by a third party and a subsequent investigation at Wake Forest University. Data integrity issues were found in Figures 1a, S2b, and S17. As a result, the authors consider the conclusions of this article invalid.
Orbitally Controlled Quantum Hall States in Decoupled Two‐Bilayer Graphene Sheets
Authors: Kim Soyun , Kim Dohun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Smet Jurgen H. , Kim Youngwook 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe authors report on integer and fractional quantum Hall states in a stack of two twisted Bernal bilayer graphene sheets. By exploiting the momentum mismatch in reciprocal space, the single‐particle tunneling between both bilayers is suppressed. Since the bilayers are spatially separated by only 0.34 nm, the stack benefits from strong interlayer Coulombic interactions. These interactions can cause the formation of a Bose–Einstein condensate. Indeed, such a condensate is observed for half‐filling in each bilayer sheet. However, only when the partially filled levels have orbital index 1. It is absent for partially filled levels with orbital index 0. This discrepancy is tentatively attributed to the role of skyrmion/anti‐skyrmion pair excitations and the dependence of the energy of these excitations on the orbital index. The application of asymmetric top and bottom gate voltages enables to influence the orbital nature of the electronic states of the graphene bilayers at the chemical potential and to navigate in orbital mixed space. The latter hosts an even denominator fractional quantum Hall state at total filling of −3/2. These observations suggest a unique edge reconstruction involving both electrons and chiral p‐wave composite fermions.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta Promotes Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Smad4‐Deficient Intestinal Epithelium in a YAP‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Liu Liansheng , Wang Yalong , Yu Shicheng , Liu Huidong , Li Yehua , Hua Shan , Chen Ye‐Guang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), a multifunctional cytokine, plays critical roles in immune responses. However, the precise role of TGF‐β in colitis and colitis‐associated cancer remains poorly defined. Here, it is demonstrated that TGF‐β promotes the colonic inflammation and related tumorigenesis in the absence of Smad family member 4 (Smad4). Smad4 loss in intestinal epithelium aggravates colitis and colitis‐associated neoplasia induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS), leading to over‐activated immune responses and increased TGF‐β1 levels. In Smad4‐deficient organoids, TGF‐β1 stimulates spheroid formation and impairs intestinal stem cell proliferation and lineage specification. YAP, whose expression is directly upregulated by TGF‐β1 after Smad4 deletion, mediates the effect of TGF‐β1 by interacting with Smad2/3. Attenuation of YAP/TAZ prevents TGF‐β1‐induced spheroid formation in Smad4−/– organoids and alleviates colitis and colitis‐associated cancer in Smad4‐deficient mice. Collectively, these results highlight an integral role of the TGF‐β/Smad4 axis in restraining intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis and suggest TGF‐β or YAP signaling as therapeutic targets for these gastrointestinal diseases intervention.
Nanocrystalline Flash Annealed Nickel Oxide for Large Area Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ochoa‐Martinez Efrain , Bijani‐Chiquero Shanti , Martínez de Yuso María del Valle , Sarkar Subhrangsu , Diaz‐Perez Horus , Mejia‐Castellanos Roberto , Eickemeyer Felix , Grätzel Michael , Steiner Ullrich , Milić Jovana V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe industrialization of perovskite solar cells requires adequate materials and processes to make them economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Despite promising results in terms of power conversion efficiency and operational stability, several hole‐transport layers currently in use still need to prove their industrial feasibility. This work demonstrates the use of nanocrystalline nickel oxide produced through flash infrared annealing (FIRA), considerably reducing the materials cost, production time, energy, and the amount of solvents required for the hole transport layer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a better conversion to nickel oxide and a higher oxygen‐to‐nickel ratio for the FIRA films as compared to control annealing methods, resulting in higher device efficiency and operational stability. Planar inverted solar cells produced with triple cation perovskite absorber result in 16.7% power conversion efficiency for 1 cm2 devices, and 15.9% averaged over an area of 17 cm2.
A Systematic Study Aiming Toward Voltage Noise Elimination in Viscoelastic Poly(methyl methacrylate)–Poly(ethylene oxide) Polymer Blend Electrolytes in Li Metal Battery Cells
Authors: Zardalidis George , Farmakis Filippos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRandom appearance of micro short circuits and voltage noise is observed, until now, on initial cycles of solid polymer electrolyte high voltage cathode cells with lithium metal anodes. However, this phenomenon also takes place in lower operation voltages such as those in LiFePO4 cathode cells. Approaching the direct/indirect effect of the cathode, the polymer electrolyte, and the anode parts on this initial dendritic bridging between the electrodes separately, a systematic study is carried out toward determining potential causes of voltage noise and ways of prevention. Electrolytes based on the blend of PMMA–PEO show that relying only on the viscoelastic nature cannot prevent the appearance of voltage noise. Liquid polymers are used for the wetting of the cathode active material that lead to a complete pore infiltration. Having ensured the optimization of the interfacial area between the solid electrolyte and the cathode, studies along the directions of the lithium surface pretreatment and polymer ionic conductivity are examined as a means of dendrite growth suppression and cell cycling capabilities improvement, leading to the observation that methylated PEO chains work in favor of both of these directions.
Synthesis of Ni@C as a Magnetic Heterogeneous Catalyst: Application to Benzimidazoles and Quinoxalines fromo‐Phenylenediamines with Primary Amines
Authors: Ramalingam Ariprasanth , Senadi Gopal Chandru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a simple and straightforward magnetic heterogeneous catalytic (Ni@C) approach to synthesize benzimidazole and quinoxaline scaffolds fromo‐phenylene diamines with primary amines using H2O as an environmentally benign solvent. The Ni@C catalyst was synthesized using a pyrolysis method and unambiguously analyzed by various characterization techniques. The scope of the catalytic methodology was presented with variouso‐phenylene diamines and primary amines producing a range of benzimidazoles and quinoxalines in good to excellent yields. The notable feature include reusability of the Ni@C catalyst (up to five cycles), synthetic applications to functionalize −NH proton of 1H‐benzimidazole and the gram‐scale synthesis which could be a potential industrial application.