bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of stocking density and antimicrobial inclusion on selected blood physiological variables of broilers grown to 3 kg
Authors: OLANREWAJU HAMMED , Magee Christopher , Collier Stephanie , Purswell Joseph 
Published: May 2023

Lower stocking densities may play a significant role in minimizing difficulties such as necrotic enteritis when reducing or eliminating antimicrobials (antibiotic free; ABF) in poultry diets. As the demand for poultry and associated products increases, one of the major concerns centers on the question of whether stocking density elicits adaptive responses that are characteristic of physiological stress. This study investigated the effect of stocking density and antimicrobial inclusion on selected blood physiological variables of broilers grown to 3 kg at 42 days of age. A total of 888 1-d-old Ross x Ross 708 chicks were randomly distributed into 24 pens based on stocking density treatments assignment. The treatments consisted of 4 densities (29, 33, 39, and 42 kg/m2) with six replicates. Treatments were blocked within the room to account for any variations in room conditions. Treatment assignments were randomized within each block. Used bedding was obtained from commercial farms to simulate commercial conditions. Feed and water provided ad libitum. Birds were provided a three phase-feeding program (Starter: 0-14 d, Grower: 15-28 d, and Finisher: 29-42 d). Birds and feed were weighed on 1, 14, 28, and 42 d of age for growth performance. Blood samples were collected from the brachial wing vein of 3 birds per pen on d 21 and 42, which were then analyzed immediately for whole blood physiological variables. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for T3, T4, and corticosterone. Results show there was only effect of stocking density on pCO2, which was within physiological ranges for this species. In addition, blood glucose and plasma corticosterone concentrations were not affected by stocking density, suggesting an absence of physiological stress. In conclusion, stocking densities up to 42 kg/m2 with appropriate environmental management may be suitable for both poultry integrators and contract growers to enhance broilers production efficiency without compromising the welfare of broilers grown to 3 kg at 42 days of age. USDA-ARS This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Effect of home-based heat therapy on skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise in older adults
Authors: Cope Heidi , Richey Rauchelle , Ruiz Ysabella , Moore Amy , Olivencia-Yurvati Albert , Romero Steven 
Published: May 2023

The arterial vasculature undergoes profound changes across the lifespan. This vascular aging manifests as structural (e.g., vascular rarefaction) and functional (e.g., endothelial dysfunction) maladaptations. These age-related maladaptations contribute to the hypo-perfusion of skeletal muscle during conditions that require an elevated blood supply and substrate delivery (e.g., exercise) by tipping the vasoactive balance in favor of vasoconstriction. Acute heat exposure increases body and tissue temperature, increases blood flow and shear stress throughout the arterial tree, and initiates a humoral response. Importantly, chronic exposure to these temperature-dependent stimuli may reverse age-related vascular dysfunction, thereby improving perfusion of active skeletal muscle (i.e., exercise hyperemia). However, the effect of chronic heat therapy on exercise hyperemia has never been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to test the hypothesis that home-based heat therapy would increase skeletal muscle blood flow in older adults performing plantar flexion exercise. Six older adults (5 women; 67 ± 4 years) performed graded (5, 9, and 14 kg) unilateral dynamic plantar flexion exercise before (pre) and after (post) 8 weeks of home-based heat therapy. Each session of heat therapy required participants to immerse their lower legs ~33 cm into a heated (~ 42°C) and circulated water bath 4 days per week, for 45 min per session. Dynamic plantar flexion exercise was performed using a duty cycle of 1 s contraction and 2 s relaxation. Superficial femoral artery blood velocity and diameter were measured via Duplex ultrasonography and used to calculate the change in blood flow measured from baseline to each stage of exercise. Vascular conductance was calculated as flow/pressure. The change in leg blood flow during exercise was increased following heat therapy ( P = 0.08 for main effect of time), an effect that was mediated by augmented vascular conductance (5 kg: pre, Δ143 ± 89 ml/min/mmHg vs post, Δ188 ± 89 ml/min/mmHg; 9 kg: pre, Δ225 ± 89 ml/min/mmHg vs post, Δ234 ± 89 ml/min/mmHg; 14 kg: pre, Δ264 ± 89 ml/min/mmHg vs post, Δ290 ± 89 ml/min/mmHg; P = 0.07). Our preliminary data suggest that home-based heat therapy increases skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise in older adults, and may serve as a pragmatic intervention to improve exercise and functional capacity in this population. Supported by: American Heart Association TPA958179 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Comparing Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) with Non ESWT Focused Care on Functional Outcomes in Calcific Tendinopathy of the Shoulder
Authors: Baloy Rodiel Kirby , Becquer Albert , Obnial Sara 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Apatite deposits within tendons are common conditions that may cause pain, loss of motion, and difficulty with function among active individuals. The modality known as Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) has been utilized successfully in lithotripsy and has been investigated for its possible role in aiding calcification. This literature review aims to look at the state of evidence among previous randomized controlled trials examining the effects of ESWT on calcification within tendons in the upper extremities. Methodology: Extraction Systematic literature searches for randomized controlled trials between 2012-2022 were performed in the databases of PubMed, Academic Search Index, and Directory of Open access Journals, CINAHL, between November 3rd to November 11th, 2022. A total of four randomized controlled trials (full text available, PEDro score > 7, and conducted in the past 10 years) with a total of 238 subjects met methodological quality guidelines using the PEDro scale. Results: A total of 1,042 articles were screened, and 4 studies with a total population of n = 238 were included in the review. With trials using a variety of adjunct therapies and with differences in frequency, dosage, and treatment volume a meta-analysis was not conducted. There were statistically significant improvements reported in terms of pain and function in ESWT on calcific tendinopathy in 1 study (n= 42). On the other hand, non-ESWT clinically significant differences were found in the use of ESWT in 2 of the studies (n=144), and no effects in 0 of the studies (n= 0). A small majority of studies suggest that in the management of tendinopathies of the upper and lower limbs, ESWT has a clinically significant effect on pain and functional outcomes. Conclusion: A review of current randomized controlled trials presented limited evidence for the use of ESWT for upper and lower limb tendinopathies in humans. While the use of ESWT may improve pain and functional outcomes in humans, further studies on dosing, prescription, and risk of bias assessment are suggested. Dr. Baloy has no relevant financial or nonfinancial relationships to disclose. Mr. Becquer has no relevant financial or nonfinancial relationships to disclose. Ms. Obnial has no relevant financial or nonfinancial relationships to disclose. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Intranasal delivery of kisspeptin-54 improved mood-related disorders in hemiparkinsonian rats
Authors: Gemici Aysegul , Derin Narin , Sinen Osman 
Published: May 2023

This study was designed to investigate whether chronic intranasal administration of kisspeptin-54 ameliorates anxiogenic- and depressive-like behaviors in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilaterally lesioned rats. We also tested the hypothesis that intranasal delivery of kisspeptin-54 would prevent against dopaminergic neuron loss in hemiparkinsonian rats. Male adult Sprague Dawley rats (age, 12 weeks; weight, 280-300 g) received a unilateral injection of 6-OHDA or vehicle into the medial forebrain bundle. Vehicle or kisspeptin-54 treatments (0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 nmol applied topically on the rhinarium) were performed for 7 consecutive days following 6-OHDA surgery. Seven days after the lesion surgery, the sucrose preference test (SPT) and elevated plus maze test (EPMT) were used to measure depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, respectively. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in substantia nigra and striatum was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Outcomes were analyzed between the experimental groups using ANOVA followed by Tukey posthoc test. As compared with sham-operated control rats (entry: 12 ± 2.3, time: 61.9 ± 1.6 s, n=10), 6-OHDA-lesioned rats made fewer open arm entries (6.1 ± 1, p<0.05, n=10) and spent less time (27.1 ± 3.9 s, p<0.05, n=10) on the open arms of EPM, inducing an anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, 6-OHDA-induced changes were found to be significantly (entry: 7.2-10.1 ± 2-1.7, time: 26.6-58.8 ± 2.5-3.1 s, p<0.05, n=10) improved in rats that received the chronic treatment of central kisspeptin-54 (dose-dependently). In the SPT, 6-OHDA-lesioned rats showed a lower (56.3 ± 3.5%, p<0.05, n=10) sucrose preference (considered an index of depression) in comparison to controls (80.7 ± 1.8%, n=10), and this decrease was dose-dependently restored to control levels by chronic kisspeptin-54 treatment (70.1-80.2 ± 2.8-2.7%, p<0.05, n=10). We also found that central kisspeptin-54 treatment significantly (p<0.05, n=5) attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. These data suggest that intranasal treatment of kisspeptin-54 improves 6-OHDA-induced anxiogenic- and depressive-like behaviors. Further, central kisspeptin-54 appears to be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of mood-related disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients. The present study was supported by The Research Foundation of Akdeniz University (project number: TSA-2022-5909) This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Leptin signaling in the dorsomedial hypothalamus couples metabolism and breathing in obesity
Authors: Ramos Amorim Mateus , Wang Xin , Aung O , Bevans-Fonti Shannon , Anokye-Danso Frederick , Escobar Joan , Freire Carla , Pho Huy , Dergacheva Olga , Branco Luiz , Mendelowitz David , Polotsky Vsevolod 
Published: May 2023

Individuals with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) are unable to increase ventilation to match increased CO2 production (VCO2). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), defined by the closure of the upper airway during sleep, is present in 90% of OHS patients. Leptin, an adipocyte-produced hormone, acts in leptin receptor (LEPRb) positive neurons and was implicated in the pathophysiology of OSA and OHS. Diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice shows features of OHS and OSA. Leptin-mediated neural pathways may link metabolism and breathing in obesity. We hypothesized that LEPRb-positive neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) are necessary and sufficient to match control of breathing to VCO2 and that the stimulation of these neurons relieves OHS in DIO mice. We examined our hypothesis using in vivo and in vitro studies. We expressed designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in DMH of DIO Leprb-Cre mice and measured breathing during sleep, the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), VCO2, and O2 consumption (VO2). Activation of LEPRb-positive DMH neurons increased inspiratory flow and minute ventilation during REM sleep, without affecting sleep architecture. The effect was pronounced during inspiratory flow limitation, suggesting that upper airway obstruction during REM sleep was relieved. Activation of these neurons increased the HCVR and this response was blunted by a serotonin receptor antagonist, methysergide. Activation of these neurons augmented VCO2, VO2, and VE/VCO2, suggesting that breathing was stimulated out of proportion to increases in metabolism. In vitro experiments revealed that LEPRb-positive DMH neurons project to 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) and that optogenetic stimulation of these neurons evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in 5-HT neurons of the DR. Administration of retrograde Cre-dependent AAV harboring caspase to the DR in Leprb-Cre mice deleted LEPRb-positive DMH neurons and abolished respiratory and metabolic effects of chemogenetic stimulation. Apoptosis of LEPRb-positive DMH neurons projecting to the DR also prevented the increase in ventilation during REM sleep induced by intranasal leptin. Leptin increases the HCVR, improves upper airway patency during sleep, and increases VCO2 acting on LEPRb-positive DMH neurons projecting to the DR. We conclude that LEPRb-positive DMH neurons projecting to the DR couple metabolism and breathing in obesity. NIH (R01 HL128970, R01 HL133100, and R01 HL138932), AHA (#915167). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Efficacy Assessment and Mechanism Exploration of Multiple Functional Peptide on Restenosis Prevention
Authors: Chu Yi-hsuan , Wu Chieh-Hsi , Cheng Tsai-Mu 
Published: May 2023

Restenosis is a common complication after balloon angioplasty, and the major mechanism is associated with abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. To date, most of the clinically used vascular stent drugs are possessed of non-selective cytotoxic effects, which seriously affect the re-endothelialization of vascular endothelial cells, and increase the chances to form thrombosis and neointimal hyperplasia.Different haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes have been clinically confirmed to be related to the incidence of restenosis. In our preliminary studies, Hp subunits also showed a variety of potential activities to inhibit restenosis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore if multiple functional peptide (MFP) of Hp subunits can be the potential protein drugs for preventing restenosis.The efficacy of MFP on resteneosis was evaluated by in vivo and in vitro studies. In the i n vivo study, male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to tail vein injection of MFP twice a week right after the balloon angioplasty on common carotid artery. Two weeks after the angioplasty, the injured arteries were harvested for pathological assessment on neointimal formation by H&E staining.In the in vitro stduy, both endothelial cells (HUVEC) and smooth muscle cells (A10) were treated with various concentrations of MFP to evaluate their effects on cellular proliferation and migration. The antioxidant effects of MFP on malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also assayed on macrophage cells.Our results demonstrated that in vivo administration of MFP can significantly suppress the neointimal formation induced by angioplasty. The positive regulatory effects of MFP on cellular proliferaiton and migration of HUVEC and negative effects on A10 may be the key molecular mechainsms of MFP on suppressing the neointimal formation found in the in vivo study. The antioxidant effects of MFP may also contribute to diminish the neointimal formation. The outcomes of this study will help to understand the feasibility, efficacy and safety of MFP as potential protein drug candidates for preventing vascular restenosis. National Science and Technology Council This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
CKD patients have augmented beat-to-beat BP variability that is not improved with 12 weeks of cycling exercise
Authors: Sabino-Carvalho Jeann , Jeong Jinhee , Sprick Justin , Nardone Massimo , DaCosta Dana , Park Jeanie 
Published: May 2023

Increased blood pressure (BP) variability is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events and end-organ damage and is associated with sympathetic overactivity. Given the heightened cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), we hypothesized that patients with CKD would exhibit augmented resting beat-to-beat BP variability. Additionally, since aerobic exercise training exerts CV protective effects and has been shown to reduce resting sympathetic activity, we hypothesized that twelve weeks of aerobic exercise training would improve resting beat-to-beat BP variability in patients with CKD. In 25 sedentary patients with CKD stages III-IV [19 male/6 female, age: 62 ± 10 yr, 23 Black/2 White, systolic/diastolic BP: 130 ± 12/73 ± 9 mmHg, BMI: 31 ±7 kg/m2] and 15 controls [11 male/4 female, age: 56 ± 11 yr, 13 Black/2 White, systolic/diastolic BP: 129 ± 12/83 ± 8 mmHg, BMI: 29 ± 3 kg/m2], resting beat-to-beat blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) was continuously measured for 5–10 min. Next, a subset of patients with CKD (n = 13) underwent 12 weeks of aerobic cycling exercise (spinning at 85% of maximal heart rate reserve). Exercise training was performed 45 minutes/session 3 days/week. All measurements were performed at baseline (n=40) and following the 12-week intervention (n=13). We calculated the standard deviation (SD), the coefficient of variation [CV (SD/mean)×100], and the average real variability (AVR) as indices of BP variability. Compared with controls, patients with CKD had significantly increased BP variability. The systolic SD BP (6.0 ± 2.1 vs. 3.9 ± 1.8 mmHg, P = 0.002) and the mean SD BP (3.9 ± 1 vs. 2.8 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.006) were increased in CKD vs. Controls, but there were no differences in diastolic SD BP between groups (3.3 ± 1 vs. 2.6 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.065). Similar results were found using AVR (Systolic AVR 2.0 ± 0.5 vs. 1.1 ± 0.5 mmHg, P > 0.001 and, Mean AVR, 1.3 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mmHg, P = 0.010 for patients with CKD and controls respectively). Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed no significant change in resting beat-to-beat BP variability after 12 weeks of exercise in patients with CKD (SD SBP 6.3 ± 2.1 vs. 5.7 ± 2.0 mmHg, P = 0.893 and, AVR 1.9 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 mmHg, P = 0.970). In summary, our data demonstrate that patients with CKD have augmented beat-to-beat BP variability, and 12 weeks of cycling exercise did not reduce resting beat-to-beat BP variability in CKD patients. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01HL135183 and R61AT010457 (J.P). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
FBLN2 Abates Epigenetic-mediated Salt-sensitive Hypertension Through Regulation of NCC Trafficking
Authors: Han Xiaobin , Han Xiaobin , Chen Kai , Sun Zhongjie 
Published: May 2023

Epigenetics play a role in the development of hypertension. However, the precise mechanisms of how histone modification in renal tubule cells regulates blood pressure is largely undiscovered. In this study, we investigated the role of renal Kdm6a in salt-sensitive hypertension using a kidney tubular cell-specific Kdm6a gene knockout (Kdm6a cKO) mouse model. First, we demonstrated that knockout of Kdm6a in the renal tubular cells resulted in an increase of H3K27me3 associated with the development of hypertension in both male and female Kdm6a cKO mice. To explore the mechanism of H3K27me3-mediated hypertension, we performed a ChIP seq to identify the target genes of H3K27me3 in the renal tubular cells. Data showed that H3K27me3 regulated several physiological pathways in the renal tubular cells, including sodium transport in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), and blood pressure regulation in distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Indeed, we found that the expressions of NCC, NKCC2, and AQP2 were upregulated in kidneys of Kdm6a cKO mice. Furthermore, ChIP seq data reveals that FBLN2, an extracellular matrix protein, appears to be a target of H3K27me3, which was downregulated in the kidney of Kdm6a cKO mice determined by real-time PCR, Western, and IHC. Notably, we demonstrated that FBLN2 abated high salt-induced hypertension through downregulation of NCC, NKCC2, and AQP2 in the tubular cells of Kdm6a cKO mice. Interestingly, pre-treatment of FBLN2 prevented salt-sensitive hypertension in these mice. Additionally, we have provided evidence that FBLN2 may regulate blood pressure through mediating the NCC cell membrane trafficking. Using a super high-resolution microscopy, we demonstrated that FBLN2 reduced levels of cell surface NCC in DCT cells cultured in hypotonic medium. Here, we have first demonstrated that FBLN2 may be a target gene of H3K27me3 in epigenetic-mediated hypertension. FBLN2 treatment may prevent and treat salt-sensitive hypertension. NIH This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.