bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient degradation of atrazine from synthetic water through photocatalytic activity supported by titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmed Danish , Ahmed Adeel , Usman Muhammad , Rafiq Muhammad , Tufail Muhammad Khurram , Ahmed Tayyab , Memon A. Manan , Khokhar Waquar Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The oxidation of atrazine herbicide from water was performed by using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel method. A batch-scale photocatalytic reactor was designed for experimental work. The process was monitored using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Operational parameters such as catalyst loading and pollutant concentration were investigated. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the anatase phase and high purity of the synthesized particles. Fourier transform infrared showed the functional group of titanium (Ti–O–Ti). The morphology of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which exhibited the irregular shape of nanoparticles along with aggregations. The average size of TiO2 was found to be 56.92 nm as measured from dynamic light scattering analysis. UV–visible spectrometry showed an absorbance of 0.13 (<1). The nanoparticles displayed UV light-responsive catalytic ability with a bandgap energy of 3.14 eV. Furthermore, atrazine was discovered using mass spectrometry, which revealed a clear and sharp peak at 173, 95, and 76 m/z, respectively, at collision energies of 16 and 24 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles was examined for the degradation of atrazine. Overall, the obtained results displayed the great efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticles towards ultra-violet light, which was 92.56% at 100 mg of dosages, highlighting the great potential of the photocatalysis process for atrazine degradation. Furthermore, the process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the rate was seen to depend on catalyst loading.
Number Needed to Screen for Tuberculosis Disease Among Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robsky Katherine O. , Chaisson Lelia H. , Naufal Fahd , Delgado-Barroso Pamela , Alvarez-Manzo Hector S. , Golub Jonathan E. , Shapiro Adrienne E. , Salazar-Austin Nicole 
Published: March 2023

Context
Improving detection of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality among children.

Objective
We conducted a systematic review to estimate the number of children needed to screen (NNS) to detect a single case of active TB using different active case finding (ACF) screening approaches and across different settings.

Data Sources
We searched 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) for articles published from November 2010 to February 2020.

Study Selection
We included studies of TB ACF in children using symptom-based screening, clinical indicators, chest x-ray, and Xpert.

Data Extraction
We indirectly estimated the weighted mean NNS for a given modality, location, and population using the inverse of the weighted prevalence. We assessed risk of bias using a modified AXIS tool.

Results
We screened 27 221 titles and abstracts, of which we included 31 studies of ACF in children &lt; 15 years old. Symptom-based screening was the most common screening modality (weighted mean NNS: 257 [range, 5–undefined], 19 studies). The weighted mean NNS was lower in both inpatient (216 [18–241]) and outpatient (67 [5–undefined]) settings (107 [5–undefined]) compared with community (1117 [28–5146]) and school settings (464 [118–665]). Risk of bias was low.

Limitations
Heterogeneity in the screening modalities and populations make it difficult to draw conclusions.

Conclusions
We identified a potential opportunity to increase TB detection by screening children presenting in health care settings. Pediatric TB case finding interventions should incorporate evidence-based interventions and local contextual information in an effort to detect as many children with TB as possible.
Regeneration of an infected skin wound under conditions of experimental steroid hyperglycemia
Authors: Balykova L. A. , Inchina V. I. , Tarasova T. V. , Khaydar D. A. , Mosina L. M. , Saushev I. V. , Kuchuk A. V. , Mutvakel A. , Begoulov I. V. , Tarasov R. S. , Ageev P. V. , Ovchenkov D. S. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose. To evaluate the regeneration of an infected skin wound in experimental steroid hyperglycemia in rats.Materials and methods. Regeneration of an infected rat skin wound (n = 30) was evaluated on the background of steroid hyperglycemia. Depending on the type of wound surface treatment, all observed animals were divided into 3 groups: the first group (n = 10) was treated with an ointment containing Cymbopogon proximus per os administration; the second group (n = 10) was treated with an ointment containing sodium fusidate 2 %; the third group (n = 10, control) the wound was treated with vaseline. After five days, local changes in the wound area and the activity of its regeneration were evaluated. We also studied the blood changes: the composition of the shaped elements and the content of total protein, albumins, transaminase activity (ALT, AST), total cholesterol, urea and creatinine.Results. The use of Cymbopogon proximus orally by rats of the first group, with induced diabetes mellitus, contributes to a decrease in serum glucose levels by almost two times compared with the second and third groups. Ointment containing Cymbopogon proximus has immunomodulatory properties: it prevents the development of leukopenia, promotes the activation of agranular immunocytes. The use of Cymbopogon proximus extract has a positive effect on the rate of wound regeneration due to several factors: reduction of hyperemia and edema, stimulation of leukocyte activity, and as a consequence activation of regeneration. We did not find a significant difference in the rate of wound regeneration when treated with an ointment based on Cymbopogon proximus extract and an ointment containing sodium fusidate (p > 0.05).Conclusion. The regeneration activity of an infected wound in rats with steroid hyperglycemia does not significantly differ when treated with antimicrobial ointment and Cymbopogon proximus. The extract of Cymbopogon proximus has a double effect in vivo: it reduces glucose levels and promotes wound healing in the condition of hyperglycemia, which is promising in the treatment of complications in diabetes mellitus.
Trimodal organ‑preserving treatment of muscle‑invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Troianov A. V. , Dementev I. O. , Zaborsky I. N. , Chaykov V. S. , Karyakin O. B. , Gumenetskaya Yu. V. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of the study. Generalization of the world experience of organ‑preserving treatment in muscle‑invasive bladder cancerMaterials and methods. The literature was searched in Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary and PubMed systems. Publications describing the modern possibilities of organ‑preserving treatment of muscle‑invasive bladder cancer were included, 58 of which were used to write this review.Results. The review highlights the results of international randomized and significant non‑randomized studies of organ‑preserving treatment in muscle‑invasive bladder cancer. Special attention is paid to the description of a modern combination of treatment methods to achieve its maximum effectiveness while maintaining the quality of life of patients. The analysis of the world literature was carried out, confirming the prospects of organ‑preserving treatment with careful selection of patients.Conclusion. Organ-preserving trimodal therapy for muscle‑invasive bladder cancer remains an alternative treatment strategy. Careful selection of patients plays a key role. The modern approach to trimodal therapy (TMT) is as follows: complete transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, subsequent assessment of the response to treatment (re‑staging with TURB) should be performed; with a complete pathomorphological response, a course of remote radiation therapy up to TFD 60–66 Gy in the case of traditional fractionation (focal radiation therapy and the use of hypofractionation modes are also possible), using modern irradiation technologies (IGRT, IMRT). In case of an incomplete response, the implementation of the radical cystectomy (RCE) is shown. If a relapse occurs during follow‑up after treatment in the volume of TMT, a life‑saving RCE is shown.If the above conditions are met, the oncological results of treatment with TMT are equivalent to those during RCE, but require further study.
Hepatogastric fistula formation after liver chemoembolization in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ivanov S. A. , Petrov L. O. , Kucherov V. V. , Isaeva A. G. , Petrosian A. P. , Izmailov A. A. 
Published: March 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75% to 95% of all cases of primary liver cancer. The number of cases of newly diagnosed hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in the Russian Federation in 2019 accounted to 9324. Currently, the method of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is widely used for the treatment of patients with malignant liver tumors. Various methods of transarterial embolization of the liver are used, including selective or superselective catheterization and the use of various chemotherapeutic and embolizing agents. In recent years, calibrated synthetic microspheres loaded with a chemotherapeutic agent have been developed. They ensure uniform and prolonged release of the drug and the achievement of high concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent in tumor cells. The method of transarterial embolization of the liver using grains containing the drug is known as DEB‑TACE (Drug‑eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization). The traditional TACE (conventional transarterial chemoembolization), technique is also widely used, in which a chemotherapeutic drug is administered together with lipiodol, and then with occlusive material. When comparing the techniques, no differences were found in their safety profiles. Despite the fact that transarterial embolization of the liver is considered a safe procedure, it is not without the risk of complications, the most common of which are acute cholecystitis and leukopenia. Also, a frequent undesirable phenomenon after transarterial chemoembolization of the liver is postembolization syndrome, which includes abdominal pain, hyperthermia up to 38 ° C and nausea. One of the rare complications occurring in less than 1% of cases is a complication of liver TACE – the development of a liver abscess against the background of tumor necrosis. It is believed that the formation of an abscess can lead to the formation of fistulas: hepaticobronchial, hepaticoduodenal, hepaticogastric, etc. Our article presents a rare clinical case of hepatogastric fistula formation after liver TACE.
Systemic therapy of skin metastatic melanoma with BRAF gene mutation
Authors: Shakh-Paronyants Yu. S. , Cheporov S. V. , Shiryaev N. P. , Ukgarskiy A. V. , Nesterov P. V. , Korzina N. S. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of the study. To conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of mono‑mode immuno‑oncological and targeted drugs in the first line of therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma of the skin (SMM) in patients with BRAF mutation.Patients and methods. To achieve this goal, a retrospective analysis of the treatment results was carried out in 61 patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma of the skin and the presence of a mutation in the BRAF gene who were treated at the Yaroslavl regional oncology hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group (n = 18) included patients who received mono‑mode immunotherapy in the first line of treatment; the second group (n = 43) included patients who underwent targeted first-line therapy.Standard regimens of monotherapy with BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib) or combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib + trametinib) were chosen as treatment. Immunotherapy was performed using the following drugs: pembrolizumab, nivolumab and prolgolimab. An intergroup comparative analysis of one‑year, three‑year and five‑year survival rates was carried out. Progression‑free survival rates and the frequency of objective responses were also studied.Results. The median follow–up period in the first group was 14.2 months, in the second – 15.7 months. The indicators of one‑year, three-year and five‑year overall survival in patients receiving immunotherapy in the first line were 88.8 %, 55.5 % and 33.3 %, respectively. The same indicators in patients in the first‑line targeted therapy group were 90.7 %, 46.5 % and 23.2 %, respectively. The median overall survival in the first group was 39.1 months, in the second group it was 30.4 months. Progression–free survival in the group of patients with targeted therapy was 8.7 months, in the immunotherapy group – 9.8 months. In the first group, stabilization of the disease was observed in 77.8 % of patients, while a complete response was noted in 5.6 %, a partial response was not registered. In the second group of patients, stabilization was noted in 39.6 % of patients, partial response in 25.6 % of patients, complete response was absent.Conclusion. The use of cancer immunotherapy drugs in the first line of treatment in patients with metastatic melanoma of the skin and the presence of BRAF mutation in the short term is not inferior in effectiveness to the use of targeted drugs, and in the medium and long term exceeds targeted drugs.
Therapy results of patients with metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer. Regional experience
Authors: Berezin P. G. , Milovanov V. V. , Ivannikov A. A. , Ognerubov N. A. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the results of first‑line treatment in patients with metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).Patients and methods. The evaluation of own clinical observations of 25 patients with mCRPC for the period from July 2014 to July 2021 by random sampling is given. Patients are divided into the ISUP group, the status of the initial treatment, and the type of previous treatment. Therapy was determined by the nature of progression. The following drugs were used as therapeutic agents: docetaxel, enzalutamide, abiraterone acetate + prednisolone, strontium (89 150 mBq). Results evaluation was carried out by RECIST 1.1. criteria. Statistical data processing was carried out using programs SPSS Statistica 2.0.Results. When assessing the tumor response to the therapy in 2 (8 %) patients, a complete therapeutic response was obtained, partial was registered in 4 (16 %) cases, stabilization in 9 (36 %), progression in 10 (40 %). The main response was stabilization and partial response, which was noted in 13 (52 %) patients. On 11 (44 %) patients with bone metastases as the cause of mCRPC, enzalutamide showed the best effect. Patients with lymph node metastases 3 (12 %) had a partial and complete response with a combined treatment regimen – lymphadenectomy + enzalutamide. In the group of patients n = 9 (36 %) – metastases to lymph nodes and bones, the best effect in the form of stabilization and partial response in enzalutamide. In 1 (4 %) patient with visceral progressing metastatic pleural lesion. Two patients had passed away by the end of the research.Conclusion. Enzalutamide and abiraterone showed the best responses in metastatic bone damage (as the cause of mCRPC). We observed more than 50 % of stabilizations during enzalutamide treatment. Combined treatment regimens should be used among patients with only metastatic lymph node lesion (oligo metastasis): this makes it possible to achieve a complete response and a greater number of stabilizations in some patients.
Trends in maternal mortality in a tertiary hospital in West Delhi
Authors: Mitra Soma , Mahajan Nidhi , Maheshwari Shashi L. Kabra 
Published: March 2023

Background: Aim of current study was to find out incidence, causes and complications leading to maternal deaths in a tertiary care hospital and possible prevention of maternal deaths.
Methods: Individual records of all maternal deaths over a period of five years from January 2006 to December 2010 were studied and causes of death and avoidable factors in each case were studied.
Results: Major causes of maternal deaths were same throughout the study. The causes of maternal deaths were Hemorrhage (19.21%), Sepsis (15.76%), PIH (12.80%), Jaundice (8.37%). Direct obstetric causes contributed to 65.51% of cases. Indirect causes of maternal death contributed to 45.81%. Anemia alone accounted for 26.1% deaths. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was 362.57/100000 live births. There were 31.03% referred cases and 44.8% cases were admitted to ICU. Unbooked cases accounted for 84.72% of maternal deaths and these were mostly uneducated.
Conclusions: Interventions for reduction of MMR are regular antenatal care, risk screening, skilled personnel at childbirth, good transport facilities, family planning services and safe abortion services. These facilities not only reduce burden on tertiary hospitals but also help in improving maternal prognosis.
O imaginário e a hipostasia da Comunicação
Authors: Barros Ana Taís Martins Portanova 
Published: March 2023

Este artigo busca revisar as definições e­ indefinições da noção de imaginário e simbólico e relacionar seus limites e seu alcance dentro da pesquisa em Comunicação. Equacionam-se as dificuldades de abordagem pela Comunicação da noção de trajeto do sentido que, herdada da Escola de Grenoble, embasa a Teoria do Imaginário. Verifica-se que a Comunicação não dá conta de estudar a catalisação de imaginários e o fabrico de imagens simbólicas presentes nos fenômenos comunicacionais, não só pela inadequação de um processo descrito em termos de emissor - mensagem - receptor, mas sobretudo pela suposta autoevidência do imaginário e do simbólico como manifestos na linguagem, desembocando numa redução do imaginário aos seus sintomas sociais.
Jóvenes en diversidad: culturas juveniles en Guadalajara (México)
Authors: Marcial Rogelio 
Published: March 2023

El artículo expone, de forma general, las principales culturas juveniles existentes en Guadalajara (México), desde sus orígenes, formas de expresión y referentes culturales; tratando con ello de ubicar los contextos locales de sus referentes culturales y las apropiaciones locales en la ciudad
de Guadalajara.
Palabras-clave: Culturas juveniles; expresiones culturales; Guadalajara (México).
Abstract
This article exhibits in a general way the main youth cultures from Guadalajara (Mexico), from their origns, modes of expression and cultural references. We aim to interview local contexts to their cultural references and local appropriations within the city of Guadalajara.
Keywords: Youth cultures; cultural expressions; Guadalajara (Mexico).
RESUMO
Este artigo expõe, de maneira geral, as principais culturas juvenis existentes em Guadalajara desde suas origens, modos de expressão e referências culturais. Focalizamos contextos locais de referências culturais e apropriações locais na cidade de Guadalajara.
Palavras-chave: Culturas juvenis; expressões culturais; Guadalajara (México).
A recepção da publicidade na TV entre crianças de cinco anos
Authors: Laurindo Roseméri , Leal Andressa 
Published: March 2023

Consumidoras em potencial, as crianças formam um grupo que precisa ser analisado na sua interação com as mensagens da propaganda, por possuir um jeito próprio de compor fantasia e realidade. Com base no conceito de recepção como lugar de produção da comunicação, conforme
Jesús Martín-Barbero, a pesquisa focalizou como a criança entende as diferenças entre comerciais e programação da TV, assim como os elementos de atração, de retenção do produto, marca e personagem para refletir sobre a influência da propaganda. Dentre os métodos para levantamento
de dados, trabalhou-se com discussão de grupo e técnica projetiva.
Palavras-chave: Recepção; criança; televisão; propaganda; consumidor.
ABSTRACT
Children are potential consumers, who have their own way of composing fantasy and reality. They form a group that needs to be especially understood in their interaction with advertising messages. Based on Jesús Martín- Barbero´s concept for reception as the locus of production in communication, the present research aimed at seeing how children understand the differences between TV programs and comercials. By analyzing the elements that most attract them, identifying their product, character and brand retention,
we reflect over the influence of advertising on children. In order to gahter data, group discussion and projective techniques were used.
Keywords: Audience; child; television; advertisement; consumer.
Comunicação e cidadania: o caso exemplar de O Emancipador, de Moçambique
Authors: Hohlfeldt Antonio 
Published: March 2023

Resumo
O artigo aborda, sob o ponto de vista da contribuição à formação da cidadania de Moçambique, a história do jornal socialista e operário O Emancipador (1919-1937), de Lourenço Marques, cuja trajetória diferenciada pode ser considerada como um exemplo exemplar.
Palavras-chave: Teoria do jornalismo; história do jornalismo; cidadania; jornalismo de Moçambique; O Emancipador.
Resumen
El artículo aborda la contribución a la formación de la ciudadanía de Mozambique del periódico socialista y obrero O Emancipador (1919-1937), de Lourenço Marques, cuya historia diferenciada puede ser considerada como un ejemplo ejemplar.
Palabras-clave: Teoría del periodismo; historia del periodismo; ciudadanía; periodismo de Mozambique; O Emancipador.
ABSTRACT
The text discusses to the history of the the socialist and labor newspaper O Emancipador (1919-1937), of Lourenço Marques, from the point oview of its contribuition to the formation of citizenship in Mozembique. The paper’s unusual history can be considered an exemplary example.
Keywords: Journalism theory; journalism history; citizenship; journalism in Mozambique; O Emancipador.