bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexibly Enhanced Photonic Spin Hall Effect via Selective Brewster Angle
Authors: Hong Jiahao , Chen Zhihao , Lin Shuai , Chen Yu , Zhou Xinxing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe manipulating of photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) plays a crucial role for development of spin‐dependent nanodevices and systems. Since the photonic SHE is generally enhanced near the Brewster angle, the choice of incident angle usually has low flexibility with natural materials due to their dielectric constants. Herein, an efficient method to flexibly enhance the photonic SHE by utilizing selective Brewster angle in an anisotropic metamaterial is proposed. Through adjusting the thickness ratio of two media in metamaterial, the Brewster angle can be flexibly adjusted in a broad range (nearly 0–90°). With the selective Brewster angle, the spin‐dependent transverse shift can be enhanced at nearly arbitrary incident angles. Furthermore, based on this structure, a binary encoding system is demonstrated, realizing information conversion around incident angles. This research work provides more possibilities for applications in manipulating photonic SHE.
Safer Polyurethane Foams with Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Easley Alexandra D. , Mangano Alison , Fors Brett P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolyurethanes (PUs) are a class of materials usually synthesized from isocyanates, diols, and water. Water is essential for producing carbon dioxide (CO2) which is used for the self‐blowing of the foams. Due to safety concerns with the production of isocyanates, alternative chemistries have been evaluated and cyclic carbonate systems have shown great promise. In a recent advancement by Bourguignon, Grignard, and Detrembleur, a cyclic carbonate and diamine system is capable of generating CO2 for self‐blowing through hydrolysis of the carbonate‐based monomer. The authors demonstrate that with a simple variation of the diamine monomer a wide range of physical and thermo‐mechanical properties were achievable. This work represents a significant step towards safer and more environmentally friendly PUs.
Safer Polyurethane Foams with Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Easley Alexandra D. , Mangano Alison , Fors Brett P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolyurethanes (PUs) are a class of materials usually synthesized from isocyanates, diols, and water. Water is essential for producing carbon dioxide (CO2) which is used for the self‐blowing of the foams. Due to safety concerns with the production of isocyanates, alternative chemistries have been evaluated and cyclic carbonate systems have shown great promise. In a recent advancement by Bourguignon, Grignard, and Detrembleur, a cyclic carbonate and diamine system is capable of generating CO2for self‐blowing through hydrolysis of the carbonate‐based monomer. The authors demonstrate that with a simple variation of the diamine monomer a wide range of physical and thermo‐mechanical properties were achievable. This work represents a significant step towards safer and more environmentally friendly PUs.
Properties and morphology of polylactic acid composites reinforced by orientation aligned calcium carbonate whisker
Authors: Guo Haitao , Zou Xiaoxuan , Dai Wenli , Zhang Peng , Xiao Bingrong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the polylactic acid (PLA)/calcium carbonate whisker (CCW) fibers was prepared by a simple solution spinning method. The PLA/CCW fiber was arranged in different stacking sequences into the laminated structure, and then was hot pressed to obtain the PLA/CCW composite plate with orientation aligned CCW. The presence of orientation aligned CCW significantly improved the flexural performance of composites. The flexural modulus of the unidirectional stacking PLA/CCW composite containing 20 wt% CCW was 7049 MPa, which was nearly twice of pure PLA. After the CCW were treated by silane coupling agent, the toughness of PLA/CCW composite can be enhanced due to the improvement of interfacial interaction between CCW and PLA. The effect of stacking sequence on the mechanical properties of composites was investigated. The 45° angel cross stacking PLA/CCW composite has higher tensile performance and moderate flexural performance compare with other composites. The PLA/CCW composites prepared in this work has good potential applications in the biomedical field due to its good mechanical and biodegradable properties.
Record‐breaking rainfall accumulations in eastern China produced by Typhoon In‐fa (2021)
Authors: Huang Xin , Chan Johnny C. L. , Zhan Ruifen , Yu Zifeng , Wan Rijin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPersistent heavy rainfall produced by western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) can lead to widespread flooding and landslides in Asian countries. On July 2021, unprecedent rainfall amount occurred when Typhoon In‐fa passed through the highly populated eastern China. While the associated synoptic features have been analyzed, the extreme characteristics and return periods of rainfall induced by In‐fa remain unexplored. Analyses of rainfall data from a WNP TC database of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) show that Typhoon In‐fa not only produces record‐breaking rainfall accumulations at individual surface stations, but generates unprecedent rainfall amounts for the whole area of eastern China. Quantitatively, 2, 4, 11, 24 and 55 stations are exposed to once in 200‐, 100‐, 50‐, 20‐ and 10‐year extreme TC rainfall accumulations, respectively, and total rainfall at 75 stations reaches a record high since 1980. Overall, the return period is up to ~481 years for the total rainfall amount accumulated in eastern China during the 1980–2019 baseline. The extremely long rainfall duration is identified as key to the torrential rains in the Yangtze River Delta before In‐fa changes its direction of movement from northwestward to northeastward, while the extreme rain rate plays a dominant role in the northern areas afterwards. Probabilities of occurrence of such an unprecedented TC rainfall event have increased in most (~75%) of the eastern China during the period of 2000–2019 compared with those during 1980–1999. Our study highlights the likely increase in risk of extreme TC‐induced rainfall accumulations which should be considered in disaster risk mitigation.
Untersuchungen zur Frostbeanspruchung geneigter Oberflächen aus hochfestem Spritzbeton
Authors: Stelzmann Mario , Lägel Emanuel , Kahnt Alexander , Holschemacher Klaus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIm Experimentalgebäude CUBE – einem Leuchtturmprojekt des Carbonbetonbaus – sind zwei doppeltgekrümmte Bauteile aus Spritzbeton sichtbar ausgeführt worden, woraus sich erhöhte Anforderungen an dessen Optik und besonders an die Sichtbetonqualität der Gebäudehülle ergeben. Eine Besonderheit besteht in der Herstellungstechnologie der Schalentragwerke aus Spritzbeton. Aufgrund der besonderen Formgebung der Bauteile ergeben sich erhöhte Feuchtebeanspruchungen und daraus resultierende Schadenspotenziale durch Frost. In rechnerischen Untersuchungen zeigen sich deutlich erhöhte Frostbeanspruchungen von geneigten Sichtbetonflächen gegenüber Wandflächen. Die allgemein höheren Wassergehalte geneigter Betonflächen führen dazu, dass das in den Porenräumen enthaltene Wasser bereits bei Temperaturen knapp unter 0 °C gefriert. Bei Wandflächen wird das enthaltene Wasser häufiger in sehr feinen Poren gespeichert. Der hier vorherrschende Kapillardruck führt dazu, dass Eis erst bei Temperaturen unter –20 °C entsteht.
Chiral NHC‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloadditions: Highly Diastereo/Enantioselective Access to Spiro[cyclohex‐4‐ene‐1,3′‐indoles] and DFT Calculations
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Xia Siqi , Hu Xiaoru , Zhong Guofu , Yang Limin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA highly efficient NHC‐catalyzed cycloaddition of (E)‐alkenylisatins and γ‐chloroenals with a broad substrate scope has been developed to provide spiro[cyclohex‐4‐ene‐1,3′‐indole] in good yields (up to 99 % yield) with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 d.r., >99 % ee) under mild conditions without the use of metal and additives. Based on computational investigations, the role of the NHC on the diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity is discussed.
First proficiency testing for NGS‐based and combined NGS‐ and FISH‐based detection of FGFR2 fusions in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Neumann Olaf , Lehmann Ulrich , Bartels Stephan , Pfarr Nicole , Albrecht Thomas , Ilm Katharina , Christmann Jens , Volckmar Anna‐Lena , Goldschmid Hannah , Kirchner Martina , Allgäuer Michael , Walker Maria , Kreipe Hans , Tannapfel Andrea , Weichert Wilko , Schirmacher Peter , Kazdal Daniel , Stenzinger Albrecht 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harbours druggable genetic lesions including FGFR2 gene fusions. Reliable and accurate detection of these fusions is becoming a critical component of the molecular work‐up, but real‐world data on the performance of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and targeted RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) are very limited. Bridging this gap, we report results of the first round robin test for FGFR2 fusions in cholangiocarcinoma and contextualise test data with genomic architecture. A cohort of 10 cholangiocarcinoma (4 fusion positive and 6 fusion negative) was tested by the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany. Data were validated by four academic pathology departments in Germany. Fusion‐positive cases comprised FGFR2::BICC1, FGFR2::DBP, FGFR2::TRIM8, and FGFR2::ATE1 fusions. In a second step, a round robin test involving 21 academic and non‐academic centres testing with RNA‐based NGS approaches was carried out; five participants performed FISH testing in addition. Thirteen of 16 (81%) centres successfully passed the NGS only and 3 of 5 (60%) centres passed the combined NGS + FISH round robin test. Identified obstacles were bioinformatic pipelines not optimised for the detection of FGFR2 fusions and assays not capable of detecting unknown fusion partners. This study shows the benefit of targeted RNA‐NGS for the detection of FGFR2 gene fusions. Due to the marked heterogeneity of the genomic architecture of these fusions, fusion partner agnostic (i.e. open) methodological approaches that are capable of identifying yet unknown fusion partners are superior. Furthermore, we highlight pitfalls in subsequent bioinformatic analysis and limitations of FISH‐based tests.
Populations of a tropical epiphytic orchid are destabilized in its peripheral range by hurricane and an exotic herbivore
Authors: Borrero Haydee , Oviedo‐Prieto Ramona , Alvarez Julio C. , Ticktin Tamara , Cisneros Mario , Liu Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn a time of global change, having an understanding of the nature of biotic and abiotic factors that drive a species' range may be the sharpest tool in the toolbox of conservation and management of threatened species. However, such information are lacking for most tropical and epiphytic species due to the complexity of life history, the roles of stochastic events, and the diversity of habitat across the span of a distribution. In this study, we conducted repeated census across the core and peripheral range of Trichocentrum undulatum, a threatened orchid that is found throughout the island of Cuba (species core range) and southern Florida (the northern peripheral range). We used demographic matrix modeling and stochastic simulations to investigate the impacts of herbivory, hurricanes, and logging (in Cuba) on projected population growth rates (λ and λs) among sites. Our study indicates that the Florida population is under high extinction risk and most populations in the core range show less interannual variability, but, with the exception of one population, are also in decline. The peripheral population experienced higher herbivory damage than did the core populations, by a native inflorescence‐crippling fly, Melanagromyza miamensis, and an invasive, mortality‐triggered scale, Diaspis boisduvalii. The latter was found in the Florida population only. Hurricanes increased levels of mortality and had a negative effect on λ. However, λ increased following hurricane events due to increased recruitment and decreased herbivory. Life table response experiments suggest that higher adult survival was the largest contributor to the higher λ observed in the growing Cuba populations, as compared with the population in Florida. Logging simulations in Cuba indicate that populations can maintain stability only if selective logging of host trees occurs at low frequency. Reintroduction of the species in its northern peripheral habitat is needed to ameliorate the threats from sea‐level rise and invasive herbivorous insects to secure the current species' northern, continental range margin. Our study exhibits how vital rates and ecological interactions vary across a species distribution and respond under differing stochastic events.
Responses of nematode abundances to increased and reduced rainfall under field conditions: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bristol Dylan , Hassan Kamrul , Blankinship Joseph C. , Nielsen Uffe N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEcosystems are projected to experience altered precipitation patterns associated with climate change, with some areas becoming wetter and others drier. Both above‐ and belowground communities will be impacted by such rainfall changes, yet research has predominantly focused on the flora and fauna aboveground. Still, there is a growing body of literature for the effects of altered precipitation on soil fauna. Nematodes are diverse and abundant in most soils, represent multiple trophic levels, and influence essential soil processes, making this group a good proxy for broader impacts on soil food webs. Hence, we assessed the effects of increased and reduced rainfall amount on total and trophic‐level abundances of nematodes using a meta‐analytical approach based on 46 independent observations from 37 field studies and tested whether effects differed among ecosystem types and with treatment duration (<1 year, short term; >1 year, long term). Overall, total and trophic group's abundances, except fungal feeders, were negatively impacted by reduced rainfall irrespectively of treatment duration. Increased rainfall had a positive effect on total abundances and plant parasitic nematodes, but only in longer term studies (>1 year). The impacts of altered rainfall were consistent across the ecosystems studied; however, most studies focus on grasslands and deserts, making it difficult to draw broad generalizations. Reductions in rainfall are therefore likely to decrease soil nematode abundance, with less pronounced effects on fungal feeders. Increased rainfall, on the other hand, may favor plant parasites, likely due to increased plant productivity. Hence, projections of reduced rainfall will have significant negative impacts on nematode abundances, at least in grasslands and deserts, with cascading effects on soil processes.
Changing intra‐ and interspecific interactions across sedimentary and environmental stress gradients
Authors: Douglas Emily J. , Hewitt Judi , Lohrer Andrew M. , Stephenson Fabrice 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntensifying land use and accelerated erosion has resulted in increased delivery and deposition of fine terrestrially derived sediment to coastal ecosystems, increasing sediment mud content in estuarine ecosystems. This change in the sedimentary environment is known to have negative consequences for ecosystem functioning. Yet indirect and cyclical relationships between species and the environment are rarely investigated, despite being crucial for understanding ecosystem resilience. We investigate changes in intra‐ and inter‐specific interactions between two key intertidal species (Austrovenus stutchburyi and Macomona liliana) with different but overlapping environmental preferences. We use a large dataset spanning 29 estuaries and 0%–87% mud content to predict the effects of increases in mud. We observed important changes in feedback loops between Austrovenus recent recruits, older individuals, and sediment shell content, and between Macomona and chlorophyll with increasing stress (mud). These loops show different characteristics in the high and low mud content ecosystems and are not apparent in moderate mud. Increases in the number of paths and weaker/more variable relationships between low and moderate mud also occurred. Thus, our moderate (12%–25%) mud content model may be encompassing a transition point in ecosystem dynamics where interaction networks break down and shift to an alternate state.
Families of complex‐valued covariance models through integration
Authors: De Iaco Sandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn geostatistics, the theory of complex‐valued random fields is often used to provide an appropriate characterization of vector data with two components. In this context, constructing new classes of complex covariance models to be used in structural analysis and, then for stochastic interpolation or simulation, represents a focus of particular interest in the scientific community and in many areas of applied sciences, such as in electrical engineering, oceanography, or meteorology. In this article, after a review of the theoretical background of a random field in a complex domain, the construction of new classes of complex‐valued covariance models is proposed. In particular, the complex‐valued covariance models obtained by the convolution of the real component are generalized and wide new classes of models are generated through integration. These families include even non‐integrable real and imaginary components of the resulting complex covariance models. It is also illustrated how to fit the real and imaginary components of the complex models together with the density function used in the integration. The procedure is clarified through a case study with oceanographic data.
Organic vegetable juice supplement alleviates hyperlipidemia in diet‐induced obese mice and modulates microbial community in continuous colon simulation system
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ji , Mo Sung Joon , Kim Jisoo , Nam Bora , Park Soo‐Dong , Sim Jae‐Jung , Sim Jaehun , Lee Jung‐Lyoul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of organic vegetable juice (OVJ) supplementation on modulating the microbial community, and how its consumption ameliorated blood‐lipid profiles in diet‐induced obese mice. Here, we studied the alleviating effect of hyperlipidemia via animal experiments using diet‐induced obese mice and analyzed the effect of OVJ on the microbial community in continuous colon simulation system. OVJ consumption did not have a significant effect on weight loss but helped reduce the weight of the epididymis fat tissue and adipocytes. Additionally, blood‐lipid profiles, such as triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein, and glucose, were improved in the OVJ‐fed group. Expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis, including SREBP‐1, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FAS, were significantly decreased. In addition, OVJ treatment significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. OVJ supplement influenced intestinal bacterial composition from phylum to genus level, including decreased Proteobacteria in the ascending colon in the phylum. At the family level, Akkermansia, which are associated with obesity, were significantly augmented in the transverse colon and descending colon compared to the control juice group. In addition, treatment with OVJ affected predicted lipid‐metabolism‐function genes related to lipid synthesis. These results suggest that OVJ supplementation may modulate gut microbial community and reduce the potential symptom of hyperlipidemia in diet‐obese mice.
Valorization of mustard and sesame oilseed cakes for food application through eco‐innovative technologies
Authors: Usman Ifrah , Imran Ali , Arshad Muhammad Umair , Saeed Farhan , Afzaal Muhammad , Sana Saima , Islam Fakhar , Siddiqua Ayesha , Naeem Usman , Islam Saiful 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAgricultural waste valorization is currently getting attention across the world owing to its environmental impact and rich phytochemistry. The mandate of the current investigation was the extraction and characterization of bioactive moieties from the mustard oilseed cake/meal MOC and sesame oilseed cake/meal SOC through ultrasound extraction (UE) techniques due to its higher yield and less burden on the environment as compared to conventional extraction (CE). Purposely, the MOC and SOC were initially subjected to compositional analysis. Thereafter, bioactive moieties were extracted by using different solvents, that is, ethanol and distilled water, and by applying conventional and ultrasonic extraction techniques. The outcomes indicated that among the techniques, ultrasound exhibited the highest results, and in solvents, ethanol performed better. The treatment extracted with ethanol with UE at 10 min showed the best result for total phenolic contents (TPC) as (6.07 ± 0.03 09 g GAE/100 g MOC) and (7.09 ± 0.04 g GAE/100 g SOC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (67.3 ± 1.9 TE/100 g MOC) & (72.68 ± 1.9 TE/100 g SOC), and FRAP was recorded as (2.83 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g MOC) & (3.56 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g SOC). The higher antioxidant potential showed that the mustard and sesame waste holds significant therapeutic potential owing to its rich antioxidant profile and thus should be utilized for the development of functional products against lifestyle‐related disorders. In conclusion, ultrasound is a better technique for maximum as well as accurate extraction, with ethanol exhibiting as a better solvent for this process with more yields as compared to distilled water.
Pregnancy as an opportunity to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus: FIGO Best Practice Advice
Authors: Adam Sumaiya , McIntyre Harold David , Tsoi Kit Ying , Kapur Anil , Ma Ronald C. , Dias Stephanie , Okong Pius , Hod Moshe , Poon Liona C. , Smith Graeme N. , Bergman Lina , Algurjia Esraa , O'Brien Patrick , Medina Virna P. , Maxwell Cynthia V. , Regan Lesley , Rosser Mary L. , Jacobsson Bo , Hanson Mark A. , O'Reilly Sharleen L. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. ,   the FIGO Committee on the Impact of Pregnancy on Long‐term Health and the FIGO Division of Maternal and Newborn Health
Published: January 2023

AbstractGestational diabetes (GDM) impacts approximately 17 million pregnancies worldwide. Women with a history of GDM have an 8–10‐fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a 2‐fold higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with women without prior GDM. Although it is possible to prevent and/or delay progression of GDM to type 2 diabetes, this is not widely undertaken. Considering the increasing global rates of type 2 diabetes and CVD in women, it is essential to utilize pregnancy as an opportunity to identify women at risk and initiate preventive intervention. This article reviews existing clinical guidelines for postpartum identification and management of women with previous GDM and identifies key recommendations for the prevention and/or delayed progression to type 2 diabetes for global clinical practice.