bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering the potential of serious games for transformative sustainability research
Authors: Motlagh Mahsa , Horcea-Milcu Andra-Ioana , König Bettina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Serious Games (SG) have shown potential as transformative tools in sustainability research. Despite the diverse and widespread adoption of SG as multifunctional tools within collaborative forms of knowledge production, their contribution to transformative research processes is underexplored. Likewise, the selection, alignment, and integration of appropriate SG tailored to specific stages of a transformative research process lacks clear guidelines. To fill this gap, we aim to map the potential of SG in transformative research. We propose to facilitate the assessment of SG alignment and to guide their integration within a transformative research process based on three dimensions: SG complexity levels, SG collaborative engagement levels, and generic stages of transformative research processes. This study explores and organizes the space of potential uses of SG in transformative research based on the three aforementioned dimensions. It provides guidelines to facilitate the assessment of each SG's suitability and its integration within the transformative research process. It operationalizes the proposed conceptual mapping and guidelines with the help of two SG examples. Future work should empirically validate the approach across diverse contexts and address scalability, long-term impacts, and ethical considerations in resource-constrained settings.
Lexical be
Authors: Miller Philip , Culicover Peter W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore the surprising lexical be construction in English (e.g. Why don’t you be quiet?). After an overview of previous discussions, an investigation of the use of lexical be in the COCA and SOAP corpora is provided. It is shown that its distribution is highly skewed and that it is completely felicitous only under a very limited set of conditions. An account of lexical be is then provided showing that the conditions that license it are inherited from more general constructions, most importantly the negative imperative construction and the ‘Why don’t you’ construction. In this light, it is suggested that the lexical be construction, with its special properties, provides strong evidence for a constructional approach to linguistic competence along the lines of Goldberg (1995), Culicover and Jackendoff (2005), Sag (2012).
Make One for the Team: Culture Wars and Group-Serving Pronatalism
Authors: Perry Samuel L. , Grubbs Joshua B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhat undergirds the association between religious and political conservatism and “group-serving pronatalism”; that is, support for childbearing to advance social or political goals rather than for personal fulfillment? Although recent research suggests that Christian nationalism—reflecting a desire to formally privilege conservative Christian values and identity—strongly accounts for the link, previous studies have not inquired about specific group-serving reasons to have children. Analyses of nationally representative data affirm Christian nationalism (measured in two ways) as the strongest predictor of support for group-serving pronatalism; specifically, support for having children to reverse the nation’s declining fertility, perpetuate one’s religious or racial heritage, and secure influence for one’s political group. These associations are weakly or inconsistently moderated by indicators of traditionalism, conservatism, and race. Findings affirm support for having children to advance national, religious, racial, or political goals corresponds strongly with a desire to privilege a Christian national identity and social order.
Early Validation of High-Level System Requirements with Event Calculus and Answer Set Programming
Authors: VAŠÍČEK ONDŘEJ , ARIAS JOAQUIN , FIEDOR JAN , GUPTA GOPAL , HALL BRENDAL , KŘENA BOHUSLAV , LARSON BRIAN , VARANASI SARAT CHANDRA , VOJNAR TOMÁŠ 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper proposes a new methodology for early validation of high-level requirements on cyber-physical systems with the aim of improving their quality and, thus, lowering chances of specification errors propagating into later stages of development where it is much more expensive to fix them. The paper presents a transformation of a real-world requirements specification of a medical device—the Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Pump—into an Event Calculus model that is then evaluated using Answer Set Programming and the s(CASP) system. The evaluation under s(CASP) allowed deductive as well as abductive reasoning about the specified functionality of the PCA pump on the conceptual level with minimal implementation or design dependent influences and led to fully automatically detected nuanced violations of critical safety properties. Further, the paper discusses scalability and non-termination challenges that had to be faced in the evaluation and techniques proposed to (partially) solve them. Finally, ideas for improving s(CASP) to overcome its evaluation limitations that still persist as well as to increase its expressiveness are presented.
Symbolic Parameter Learning in Probabilistic Answer Set Programming
Authors: AZZOLINI DAMIANO , GENTILI ELISABETTA , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO 
Published: January 2025

AbstractParameter learning is a crucial task in the field of Statistical Relational Artificial Intelligence: given a probabilistic logic program and a set of observations in the form of interpretations, the goal is to learn the probabilities of the facts in the program such that the probabilities of the interpretations are maximized. In this paper, we propose two algorithms to solve such a task within the formalism of Probabilistic Answer Set Programming, both based on the extraction of symbolic equations representing the probabilities of the interpretations. The first solves the task using an off-the-shelf constrained optimization solver while the second is based on an implementation of the Expectation Maximization algorithm. Empirical results show that our proposals often outperform existing approaches based on projected answer set enumeration in terms of quality of the solution and in terms of execution time.
Reasoning About Study Regulations in Answer Set Programming
Authors: HAHN SUSANA , SCHAUB TORSTEN , MARTENS CEDRIC , NEMES AMADE , OTUNUYA HENRY , ROMERO JAVIER , SCHELLHORN SEBASTIAN 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe are interested in automating reasoning with and about study regulations, catering to various stakeholders, ranging from administrators, over faculty, to students at different stages. Our work builds on an extensive analysis of various study programs at the University of Potsdam. The conceptualization of the underlying principles provides us with a formal account of study regulations. In particular, the formalization reveals the properties of admissible study plans. With these at end, we propose an encoding of study regulations in Answer Set Programming that produces corresponding study plans. Finally, we show how this approach can be extended to a generic user interface for exploring study plans.
Nanolite Crystallization in Volcanic Glasses: Insights From High‐Temperature Raman Spectroscopy and Low‐Temperature Rock‐Magnetic Analysis
Authors: Bondar Dmitry , Canizarès Aurèlien , Bilardello Dario , Valdivia Pedro , Zandonà Alessio , Romano Claudia , Allix Mathieu , Di Genova Danilo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐temperature Raman spectroscopy offers a cost‐effective alternative to extensive infrastructure and sensitive instrumentation for investigating nanolite crystallization in undercooled volcanic melts, a key area of interest in volcanology. This study examined nanolite formation in anhydrous andesite melts in situ at high temperatures, identifying distinct Raman peaks at 310 and 670 cm−1 appearing above the glass transition temperature. The initial amorphous glass remained stable up to 655°C, beyond which Fe‐Ti‐oxide nanolites progressively formed at higher temperatures, as also confirmed by complementary XRD analysis. The evolution of the 310 cm−1 peak depends only on the magnitude of nanolite crystallization, while the intensity of the 670 cm−1 peak is temperature‐dependent and challenging to observe above 500°C. Complementary low‐temperature rock‐magnetic analyses confirmed Fe‐Ti‐oxide nanocrystallization with nanolites around 20 nm in diameter. The study tested lasers of different wavelengths (from 355 to 514 nm) and found the green laser to be the most effective for collecting spectra at both room and high temperature. However, above 720°C, black body radiation significantly hinders Raman observation with the green laser when using a non‐confocal setup and analyzing poorly transparent samples. If higher temperature measurements are desired, switching to a confocal setup and using lower wavelength lasers should be considered. This research offers a protocol for studying nanolite formation and melt dynamics at high temperatures, providing a foundation for future studies of volcanic processes.
Reactivation of a Subglacial Channel Around the Grounding Zone of Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Zhou Yan , Franke Steven , Kleiner Thomas , Drews Reinhard , Humbert Angelika , Jansen Daniela , Steinhage Daniel , Eisen Olaf 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSubglacial water beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet is often funneled via subglacial channels, which inject freshwater into ice‐shelf cavities where it interacts with ocean water. The temporal variability of this system has been poorly observed, but its importance for ice dynamics is well recognized. Airborne radar data show a subglacial channel evolving within a decade near of the grounding zone of the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf (East Antarctica), while topographic signatures on the ice shelf indicate prior inactivity for 60 years. Combining our observations with subglacial hydrological modeling, we suggest that the interplay between episodic subglacial water pulses and ocean water intrusion drive the opening and closing of the channels. Our findings illuminate the short‐term transient nature of subglacial channel activity. This impacts ice‐shelf–ocean processes, which are important for constraining increasing ocean warming onto ice‐shelf basal mass balance, but pose significant challenges for subglacial hydrological modeling at the grounding zone.
Xenolith Constraints on the Mantle Potential Temperature and Thickness of Cratonic Roots Through Time
Authors: Sudholz Z. J. , Copley A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe temperature of the convecting mantle and thickness of the lithosphere control many of Earth's processes. However, there is disagreement regarding the evolution of these quantities through time. We use a global data set of mantle xenoliths and xenocrysts to construct paleogeotherms at different eruption ages (16–1,311 Ma) and estimate the temperature and depth of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) as a function of mantle potential temperature (Tp). We find that the maximum pressure and temperature (PT) of xenoliths matches the modeled LAB conditions when a Tp of 1,315°C is used. At higher Tp (1,450–1,550) we observe a gap between the maximum PT of xenoliths and the LAB conditions. Because this gap systematically increases with Tp, and the maximum PT of xenoliths has not changed over time, we suggest that there has actually been only minor (<50°C) changes in mantle Tp since the Meso‐Proterozoic.
Impact of Atmospheric Stability on Swell‐Induced Perturbations in Wave Boundary Layer
Authors: Gao Tianhai , Feng Xingru , Xie Jianbin , Li Jinyuan , Yin Baoshu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWind stress deviates both in magnitude and direction under light wind conditions due to the modulation effect of swell waves. Eddy covariance flux measurements were conducted from an offshore wind tower in the northern South China Sea to investigate the influence of swell‐induced perturbations on the evolution of wind velocity fluctuations and wind stress reductions. Direct evidence of the wind field being affected by dominant swell waves was observed at an observational height of 20 m, indicating that swell‐induced perturbations can penetrate the wave boundary layer to at least this height. Time series analysis implies that a stable atmosphere helps preserve the observed prominent peak in wind velocity spectra, extending it to a higher range under large wave age. Therefore, swell‐induced perturbations are more easily observed at night. Additionally, our results show that swell wave modulation on wind stress is not merely restricted to moments with pronounced peaks in velocity spectra, indicating that wind stress reduction is not an exception. The most significant reduction occurs at wind speeds around 2–4 m/s, leading to negative wind stress, which implies momentum transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere. Our conclusion illustrates that the deviation of wind stress magnitude increases under stable atmospheric conditions; however, with a simple correction model, the modified wind stress is comparable to the observed values.
Derivation and Implementation of a Non‐Local Term to Improve the Oceanic Convection Representation Within the k–ɛ Parameterization
Authors: Legay Alexandre , Deremble Bruno , Burchard Hans 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe representation of turbulent fluxes during oceanic convective events is important to capture the evolution of the oceanic mixed layer. To improve the accuracy of turbulent fluxes, we examine the possibility of adding a non‐local component in their expression in addition to the usual downgradient part. To do so, we extend the – algebraic second‐moment closure by relaxing the assumption on the equilibrium of the temperature variance . With this additional evolution equation for the temperature variance, we obtain a –– model (the “” model) which includes a non‐local term for the temperature flux. We validate this new model against Large Eddy Simulations (LES) in three test cases: free convection (FC), wind‐driven mixing, and diurnal cycle (DC). For wind‐driven mixing, is equivalent to –. However, in the presence of a buoyancy flux (FC and DC), we find that the vertical profile of temperature of the LES is better captured by than –. Particularly, the non‐local term increases the fraction of the mixed layer that is stably stratified. For FC, this fraction is near 50% for both and the LES, whereas the – value is 20%. We show that this improvement is due to a better representation of the temperature variance in the inner part of the mixed layer. This better representation is mainly caused by the diffusion of temperature variance, which is described by and not by –.
Unique C‐Ring Methylated Hopene Biomarkers in a Paleocene Lake
Authors: Naafs B. David A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHopanoids are bacterial lipids that are ubiquitous on the surface of the Earth and in the sedimentary record. Hopanoids with an extra methyl group located in the A‐ring (at the C‐2 or C‐3 position) of the carbon skeleton are well known and these 2‐ or 3‐methylhopanoids have been used to infer specific biogeochemical or environmental conditions in the geological past, including the Paleogene. However, hopanoids with additional methylations outside the A‐ring and/or more than one additional methylation in their pentacyclic ring system are rare. This paper reports the occurrence of hop‐17(21)‐enes methylated in the C‐ring (tentatively assigned to the C‐12 position) and dimethylated hop‐17(21)‐enes with methylations at both C‐3 (A‐ring) and C‐12 (C‐ring) in sediments from the Boltysh Core, Ukraine, that represents an early Paleocene (∼65 Myr) lake system. These (di)methyl hop‐17(21)‐enes are 1–2 orders of magnitude more abundant compared to regular hopanes in some samples. The occurrence of these unique hopanoids suggests abnormal environmental conditions during their deposition, likely attributable to volatile ecosystems in the aftermath of the Cretaceous ‐ Paleogene boundary extinction and/or the environmental stressors associated with the lower C29n hyperthermal (65.3 Myr) that is recorded in this section.
GestaltGAN: synthetic photorealistic portraits of individuals with rare genetic disorders
Authors: Kirchhoff Aron , Hustinx Alexander , Javanmardi Behnam , Hsieh Tzung-Chien , Brand Fabian , Hellmann Fabio , Mertes Silvan , André Elisabeth , Moosa Shahida , Schultz Thomas , Solomon Benjamin D. , Krawitz Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The facial gestalt (overall facial morphology) is a characteristic clinical feature in many genetic disorders that is often essential for suspecting and establishing a specific diagnosis. Therefore, publishing images of individuals affected by pathogenic variants in disease-associated genes has been an important part of scientific communication. Furthermore, medical imaging data is also crucial for teaching and training deep-learning models such as GestaltMatcher. However, medical data is often sparsely available, and sharing patient images involves risks related to privacy and re-identification. Therefore, we explored whether generative neural networks can be used to synthesize accurate portraits for rare disorders. We modified a StyleGAN architecture and trained it to produce artificial condition-specific portraits for multiple disorders. In addition, we present a technique that generates a sharp and detailed average patient portrait for a given disorder. We trained our GestaltGAN on the 20 most frequent disorders from the GestaltMatcher database. We used REAL-ESRGAN to increase the resolution of portraits from the training data with low-quality and colorized black-and-white images. To augment the model’s understanding of human facial features, an unaffected class was introduced to the training data. We tested the validity of our generated portraits with 63 human experts. Our findings demonstrate the model’s proficiency in generating photorealistic portraits that capture the characteristic features of a disorder while preserving patient privacy. Overall, the output from our approach holds promise for various applications, including visualizations for publications and educational materials and augmenting training data for deep learning.
Understanding the spread of agriculture in the Western Mediterranean (6th-3rd millennia BC) with Machine Learning tools
Authors: Castiello Maria Elena , Russo Emmanuele , Martínez-Grau Héctor , Jesus Ana , Prats Georgina , Antolín Ferran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The first Neolithic farmers arrived in the Western Mediterranean area from the East. They established settlements in coastal areas and over time migrated to new environments, adapting to changing ecological and climatic conditions. While farming practices and settlements in the Western Mediterranean differ greatly from those known in the Eastern Mediterranean and central Europe, the extent to which these differences are connected to the local environment and climate is unclear. Here, we tackle this question by compiling data and proxies at a superregional and multi-scale level, including archaeobotanical information, radiocarbon dates and paleoclimatic models, then applying a machine learning approach to investigate the impact of ecological and climatic constraints on the first Neolithic humans and crops. This approach facilitates calculating the pace of spread of farming in the Western Mediterranean area, modelling and estimating the potential areas suitable for settlement location, and discriminating distinct types of crop cultivation under changing climatic conditions that characterized the period 5900 – 2300 cal. BC. The results of this study shed light onto the past climate variability and its influence on human distribution in the Western Mediterranean area, but also discriminate sensitive parameters for successful agricultural practices.
Pervasive glacier retreats across Svalbard from 1985 to 2023
Authors: Li Tian , Hofer Stefan , Moholdt Geir , Igneczi Adam , Heidler Konrad , Zhu Xiao Xiang , Bamber Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A major uncertainty in predicting the behaviour of marine-terminating glaciers is ice dynamics driven by non-linear calving front retreat, which is poorly understood and modelled. Using 124919 calving front positions for 149 marine-terminating glaciers in Svalbard from 1985 to 2023, generated with deep learning, we identify pervasive calving front retreats for non-surging glaciers over the past 38 years. We observe widespread seasonal cycles in calving front position for over half of the glaciers. At the seasonal timescale, peak retreat rates exhibit a several-month phase lag, with changes on the west coast occurring before those on the east coast, coincident with regional ocean warming. This spatial variability in seasonal patterns is linked to different timings of warm ocean water inflow from the West Spitsbergen Current, demonstrating the dominant role of ice-ocean interaction in seasonal front changes. The interannual variability of calving front retreat shows a strong sensitivity to both atmospheric and oceanic warming, with immediate responses to large air and ocean temperature anomalies in 2016 and 2019, likely driven by atmospheric blocking that can influence extreme temperature variability. With more frequent blocking occurring and continued regional warming, future calving front retreats will likely intensify, leading to more significant glacier mass loss.
Construction of N−E bonds via Lewis acid-promoted functionalization of chromium-dinitrogen complexes
Authors: Yin Zhu-Bao , Wang Gao-Xiang , Yan Xuechao , Wei Junnian , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Direct conversion of dinitrogen (N2) into N-containing compounds beyond ammonia under ambient conditions remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, we present a Lewis acid-promoted strategy for diverse nitrogen-element bonds formation from N2 using chromium dinitrogen complex [Cp*(I
i
Pr2Me2)Cr(N2)2]K (1). With the help of Lewis acids AlMe3 and BF3, we successfully trap a series of fleeting diazenido intermediates and synthesize value-added compounds containing N−B, N−Ge, and N−P bonds with 3 d metals, offering a method for isolating unstable intermediates. Furthermore, the formation of N−C bonds is realized under more accessible conditions that avoid undesired side reactions. DFT calculations reveal that Lewis acids enhance the participation of dinitrogen units in the frontier orbitals, thereby promoting electrophilic functionalization. Moreover, Lewis acid replacement and a base-induced end-on to side-on switch of [NNMe] unit in [(Cp*(I
i
Pr2Me2)CrNN(BEt3)(Me)] (8) are achieved.
The effectiveness of TRIS and ammonium buffers in glass dissolution studies: a comparative analysis
Authors: Ravikumar Ramya , Thorpe Clare L. , Corkhill Claire L. , Walling Sam A. , Neeway James J. , Pearce Carolyn I. , Kruger Albert A. , Kosson David S. , Marcial Jose , Hand Russell J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Selecting appropriate buffers is crucial for evaluating the chemical durability of glass under controlled conditions such as in the EPA 1313 test designed to measure elemental release as a function of pH. The efficacy of two alkali-metal free buffers, TRIS (NH2C(CH2OH)3) and ammonium chloride—ammonia (NH3/NH4Cl), was investigated during EPA 1313 testing of a simulated Hanford low-activity waste borosilicate glass in the alkaline regime (pH 8.5–10.5) at varying temperatures (RT, 40 °C, and 60 °C). While both buffers maintained the desired pH at room temperature, and up to 40 °C, the effectiveness of TRIS decreased at elevated temperatures, particularly at pH 10.5. Although 11B NMR showed evidence of TRIS-B complexation, its effect on the rate of elemental release was found to be negligible under the test conditions. With ammonium buffer, the release of alkali cations was slightly elevated when compared to the same conditions with TRIS at early time points.