bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing event-related potentials of retrospective and prospective metacognitive judgments during episodic and semantic memory
Authors: Irak Metehan , Soylu Can , Yavuz Mustafa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is unclear whether metacognitive judgments are made on the basis of domain-generality or domain-specificity. In the current study, we compared both behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) correlates of retrospective (retrospective confidence judgments: RCJs), and prospective (feeling of knowing: FOK) metacognitive judgments during episodic and semantic memory tasks in 82 participants. Behavioral results indicated that FOK judgments reflect a domain-specific process, while RCJ reflect a domain-general process. RCJ and FOK judgments produced similar ERP waveforms within the memory tasks, but with different temporal dynamics; thus supporting the hypothesis that retrospective and prospective metacognitive judgments are distinct processes. Our ERP results also suggest that metacognitive judgments are linked to distributed neural substrates, rather than purely frontal lobe functioning. Furthermore, the role of intra-subject and inter-subject differences in metacognitive judgments across and within the memory tasks are highlighted.
Adverse events are not increased by controlled delay in surgery of acute upper extremity fractures
Authors: Matias Torkki , Axel Somersalo , Hannu Kautiainen , Maarit Ax , Ilkka Kiviranta , Juha Paloneva 
Published: February 2023

AbstractManagement of the operative treatment of fractures is challenged by daily variation in patient flow. For upper limb fractures there has recently been an increasing tendency to temporarily discharge the patient to wait for a daytime operation to be performed during the next few days. The objective of this study was to study the safety of controlled delay in surgery. Upper limb fractures (N = 1 944) treated in a level 2 trauma center from 2010 to 2016 were identified and included in this retrospective cohort study with 5-year follow-up. Delay in surgery, inpatient time, readmissions, ED revisits and mortality were analyzed. Depending on the nature of the injury, controlled delay to surgery was implemented. Urgency of surgery was coded as green (2 days to 2 weeks) yellow (8–48 h) or red (less than 8 h). Harms and benefits to the groups were compared. Controlled delay of surgery (median delay of 5 days 7 h) was applied in 1 074 out of 1 944 fractures. The number of revisits to the emergency department (11.1% vs. 17.9–24.1%, p < 0.001) or hospital readmissions for any reason (0.99 per 100 person years in the delayed group vs. 3.74 and 4.35 in the non-delayed groups, p < 0.001) was no higher in patients with delayed (green) compared to those with non-delayed (yellow and red) operations. Inpatient time was significantly lower in the delayed group than other groups (IRR 2.31–3.36, (p < 0.001)). The standardized mortality ratio was 0.83 (CI 0.57–1.22) in the delayed group vs. 1.49 (CI 1.17–1.90) and 1.61 (CI 1.16–2.23) in the non-delayed groups. Controlled delay in upper limb trauma surgery did not lead to increased readmissions or mortality and was associated with reduced inpatient time.
Determination of the characteristic curves of a nonlinear first order system from Fourier analysis
Authors: Gonzalez Federico J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBased on Fourier analysis, we develop an expression for modeling and simulating nonlinear first order systems. This expression is associated to a nonlinear first order differential equation $$y=f(x)+g(x)x'$$

y
=
f

(
x
)

+
g

(
x
)

x
′

, where $$x=x(t)$$

x
=
x
(
t
)

is the dynamical variable, $$y=y(t)$$

y
=
y
(
t
)

is the driving force, and the f and g functions are the characteristic curves which are associated to dissipative and memory elements, respectively. The model is obtained from the sinusoidal response, specifically by calculating the Fourier analysis of y(t) for $$x(t)=A_1\sin (\omega t)+A_0$$

x

(
t
)

=

A
1

sin

(
ω
t
)

+

A
0

, where the model parameters are the Fourier coefficients of the response, and the values of $$A_0$$

A
0

, $$A_1$$

A
1

and $$A_1'=A_1\omega$$

A
1
′

=

A
1

ω

. The same expression is used for two kinds of time-domain simulations: to calculate other driving force $$\hat{y}$$

y
^

based on a dynamical variable $$\hat{x}$$

x
^

; and, to calculate the dynamical variable $$\hat{x}$$

x
^

based on a driving force $$\hat{y}$$

y
^

. In both cases, the dynamical variable must remain in the range $$\hat{x}\in [A_0-A_1,A_0+A_1]$$

x
^

∈

[

A
0

-

A
1

,

A
0

+

A
1

]

. By analyzing this expression, we found an equivalence between the Fourier coefficients and the polynomial regressions of the characteristic curves of f and g. This result allows us to obtain the system modeling and simulation based on the amplitude and phase Fourier spectrum obtained from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the sampled $$y_n$$

y
n

version of y(t). It is shown that this technique has a low computational complexity, and it is expected to be suitable for real-time applications for system modeling, simulation and control, in particular when the explicit expressions of the characteristic curves are unknown. Fourier analysis is a fundamental tool in electronics, mathematics and physics, but to the best of the author’s knowledge, no work has found this clear evidence of the connection between the Fourier analysis and a first order differential equation. The aim of this work is to initiate a systematic study on this topic.
FMRP, FXR1 protein and Dlg4 mRNA, which are associated with fragile X syndrome, are involved in the ubiquitin–proteasome system
Authors: Shimizu Hideo , Hohjoh Hirohiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is a proteolytic pathway that is essential for life maintenance and vital functions, and its disruption causes serious impairments, e.g., disease development. Thus, the UPS is properly regulated. Here we show novel UPS-related factors: the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) and Fmr1 autosomal homolog 1 (FXR1) proteins and discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 (Dlg4) mRNA, which are associated with Fragile X syndrome, are involved in UPS activity. Fmr1-, Fxr1- and Dlg4-knockdown and Fmr1- and Fxr1-knockdown resulted in increased ubiquitination and proteasome activity, respectively. FXR1 protein was further confirmed to be associated with proteasomes, and Dlg4 mRNA itself was found to be involved in the UPS. Knockdown of these genes also affected neurite outgrowth. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of the UPS and into the interpretation of the pathogenesis of diseases in which these genes are involved as UPS-related factors.
Multimodal deep learning of fundus abnormalities and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular risk prediction
Authors: Lee Yeong Chan , Cha Jiho , Shim Injeong , Park Woong-Yang , Kang Se Woong , Lim Dong Hui , Won Hong-Hee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death globally, is associated with complicated underlying risk factors. We develop an artificial intelligence model to identify CVD using multimodal data, including clinical risk factors and fundus photographs from the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) for development and internal validation and from the UK Biobank for external validation. The multimodal model achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.781 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.766–0.798) in the SMC and 0.872 (95% CI 0.857–0.886) in the UK Biobank. We further observe a significant association between the incidence of CVD and the predicted risk from at-risk patients in the UK Biobank (hazard ratio [HR] 6.28, 95% CI 4.72–8.34). We visualize the importance of individual features in photography and traditional risk factors. The results highlight that non-invasive fundus photography can be a possible predictive marker for CVD.
A value-based deep reinforcement learning model with human expertise in optimal treatment of sepsis
Authors: Wu XiaoDan , Li RuiChang , He Zhen , Yu TianZhi , Cheng ChangQing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been increasingly attempted in assisting clinicians for real-time treatment of sepsis. While a value function quantifies the performance of policies in such decision-making processes, most value-based DRL algorithms cannot evaluate the target value function precisely and are not as safe as clinical experts. In this study, we propose a Weighted Dueling Double Deep Q-Network with embedded human Expertise (WD3QNE). A target Q value function with adaptive dynamic weight is designed to improve the estimate accuracy and human expertise in decision-making is leveraged. In addition, the random forest algorithm is employed for feature selection to improve model interpretability. We test our algorithm against state-of-the-art value function methods in terms of expected return, survival rate, action distribution and external validation. The results demonstrate that WD3QNE obtains the highest survival rate of 97.81% in MIMIC-III dataset. Our proposed method is capable of providing reliable treatment decisions with embedded clinician expertise.
Multi-modality data-driven analysis of diagnosis and treatment of psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Xu Jing , Ou Jiarui , Li Chen , Zhu Zheng , Li Jian , Zhang Hailun , Chen Junchen , Yi Bin , Zhu Wu , Zhang Weiru , Zhang Guanxiong , Gao Qian , Kuang Yehong , Song Jiangning , Chen Xiang , Liu Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is associated with psoriasis, featured by its irreversible joint symptoms. Despite the significant impact on the healthcare system, it is still challenging to leverage machine learning or statistical models to predict PsA and its progression, or analyze drug efficacy. With 3961 patients’ clinical records, we developed a machine learning model for PsA diagnosis and analysis of PsA progression risk, respectively. Furthermore, general additive models (GAMs) and the Kaplan–Meier (KM) method were applied to analyze the efficacy of various drugs on psoriasis treatment and inhibiting PsA progression. The independent experiment on the PsA prediction model demonstrates outstanding prediction performance with an AUC score of 0.87 and an AUPR score of 0.89, and the Jackknife validation test on the PsA progression prediction model also suggests the superior performance with an AUC score of 0.80 and an AUPR score of 0.83, respectively. We also identified that interleukin-17 inhibitors were the more effective drug for severe psoriasis compared to other drugs, and methotrexate had a lower effect in inhibiting PsA progression. The results demonstrate that machine learning and statistical approaches enable accurate early prediction of PsA and its progression, and analysis of drug efficacy.
Macrophage-derived GPNMB trapped by fibrotic extracellular matrix promotes pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Xinxin , Long Min , Yuan Mengqin , Yin Juan , Luo Wei , Wang Sha , Cai Yu , Jiang Wei , Chao Jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a form of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. However, the protein changes in fibrotic ECM during PF and their contribution to fibrosis progression are unclear. Here we show that changes in expression of ECM components and ECM remodeling had occurred in silica-instilled mice. The macrophage-derived glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) captured by fibrotic ECM may activate resident normal fibroblasts around the fibrotic foci. Functional experiments demonstrated the activation of fibroblasts in fibrotic ECM, which was alleviated by GPNMB-neutralizing antibodies or macrophage deletion in the ECM of silica-instilled mice. Moreover, the Serpinb2 expression level was increased in fibroblasts in fibrotic ECM, and the expression of CD44 was increased in silica-instilled mice. In conclusion, macrophage-derived GPNMB is trapped by fibrotic ECM during transport and may activate fibroblasts via the CD44/Serpinb2 pathway, thus leading to the further development of fibrosis.
Genome-wide deposition of 6-methyladenine in human DNA reduces the viability of HEK293 cells and directly influences gene expression
Authors: Broche Julian , Köhler Anja R. , Kühnel Fiona , Osteresch Bernd , Chandrasekaran Thyagarajan T. , Adam Sabrina , Brockmeyer Jens , Jeltsch Albert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile cytosine-C5 methylation of DNA is an essential regulatory system in higher eukaryotes, the presence and relevance of 6-methyladenine (m6dA) in human cells is controversial. To study the role of m6dA in human DNA, we introduced it in human cells at a genome-wide scale at GANTC and GATC sites by expression of bacterial DNA methyltransferases and observed concomitant reductions in cell viability, in particular after global GANTC methylation. We identified several genes that are directly regulated by m6dA in a GANTC context. Upregulated genes showed m6dA-dependent reduction of H3K27me3 suggesting that the PRC2 complex is inhibited by m6dA. Genes downregulated by m6dA showed enrichment of JUN family transcription factor binding sites. JUN binds m6dA containing DNA with reduced affinity suggesting that m6dA can reduce the recruitment of JUN transcription factors to target genes. Our study documents that global introduction of m6dA in human DNA has physiological effects. Furthermore, we identified a set of target genes which are directly regulated by m6dA in human cells, and we defined two molecular pathways with opposing effects by which artificially introduced m6dA in GANTC motifs can directly control gene expression and phenotypes of human cells.
Proteogenomics decodes the evolution of human ipsilateral breast cancer
Authors: De Marchi Tommaso , Pyl Paul Theodor , Sjöström Martin , Reinsbach Susanne Erika , DiLorenzo Sebastian , Nystedt Björn , Tran Lena , Pekar Gyula , Wärnberg Fredrik , Fredriksson Irma , Malmström Per , Fernö Mårten , Malmström Lars , Malmstöm Johan , Niméus Emma 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIpsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) is a clinically important event, where an isolated in-breast recurrence is a potentially curable event but associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis and breast cancer death. It remains unclear if IBTRs are associated with molecular changes that can be explored as a resource for precision medicine strategies. Here, we employed proteogenomics to analyze a cohort of 27 primary breast cancers and their matched IBTRs to define proteogenomic determinants of molecular tumor evolution. Our analyses revealed a relationship between hormonal receptors status and proliferation levels resulting in the gain of somatic mutations and copy number. This in turn re-programmed the transcriptome and proteome towards a highly replicating and genomically unstable IBTRs, possibly enhanced by APOBEC3B. In order to investigate the origins of IBTRs, a second analysis that included primaries with no recurrence pinpointed proliferation and immune infiltration as predictive of IBTR. In conclusion, our study shows that breast tumors evolve into different IBTRs depending on hormonal status and proliferation and that immune cell infiltration and Ki-67 are significantly elevated in primary tumors that develop IBTR. These results can serve as a starting point to explore markers to predict IBTR formation and stratify patients for adjuvant therapy.
Towards a systematization of brain oscillatory activity in actions
Authors: Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander , Frings Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInformation processing in the brain is governed by oscillatory activity. Activity oscillations in specific frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta and gamma) have been associated with various cognitive functions. A drawback of this is that the plethora of findings led to considerable uncertainty as to the functional relevance of activity in different frequency bands and their interrelation. Here, we use a novel cognitive-science theoretical framework to better understand and conceptually harmonize neurophysiological research on human action control. We outline how this validated starting point can systematize and probably reframe the functional relevance of oscillatory activity relevant for action control and beyond.
Photoluminescence of the Au38(SR)26 nanocluster comprises three radiative processes
Authors: Luo Lianshun , Liu Zhongyu , Du Xiangsha , Jin Rongchao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotoluminescence of ultrasmall, atomically precise gold nanoclusters constitutes an area of significant interest in recent years for both fundamental research and biological applications. However, the exploration of near-infrared photoluminescence of gold nanoclusters is still in its infancy due to the limitations of synthetic methods and characterization techniques. Herein, the photoluminescence properties of an Au38(PET)26 (PET = 2-phenylethanethiolate) nanocluster are investigated in detail. The Au38(PET)26 exhibits an emission peak at 865 nm, which is revealed to be a mix of fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and phosphorescence via the combined analyses of time-resolved and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. The quantum yield of Au38(PET)26 is determined to be 1.8% at room temperature under ambient conditions, which increases to above 90% by suppressing the non-radiative relaxation pathway at a cryogenic temperature (80 K). Overall, the results of this work discover the coexistence of three radiative processes in thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters and will pave the way for understanding the intriguing photoluminescence properties of gold nanoclusters in future studies.
A multi-MeV alpha particle source via proton-boron fusion driven by a 10-GW tabletop laser
Authors: Istokskaia Valeriia , Tosca Marco , Giuffrida Lorenzo , Psikal Jan , Grepl Filip , Kantarelou Vasiliki , Stancek Stanislav , Di Siena Sabrina , Hadjikyriacou Arsenios , McIlvenny Aodhan , Levy Yoann , Huynh Jaroslav , Cimrman Martin , Pleskunov Pavel , Nikitin Daniil , Choukourov Andrei , Belloni Fabio , Picciotto Antonino , Kar Satyabrata , Borghesi Marco , Lucianetti Antonio , Mocek Tomas , Margarone Daniele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNuclear fusion between protons and boron-11 nuclei has undergone a revival of interest thanks to the rapid progress in pulsed laser technology. Potential applications of such reaction range from controlled nuclear fusion to radiobiology and cancer therapy. A laser-driven fusion approach consists in the interaction of high-power, high-intensity pulses with H- and B-rich targets. We report on an experiment exploiting proton-boron fusion in CN-BN targets to obtain high-energy alpha particle beams (up to 5 MeV) using a very compact approach and a tabletop laser system with a peak power of ~10 GW, which can operate at high-repetition rate (up to 1 kHz). The secondary resonance in the cross section of proton-boron fusion (~150 keV in the center-of-mass frame) is exploited using a laser-based approach. The generated alpha particles are characterized in terms of energy, flux, and angular distribution using solid-state nuclear-track detectors, demonstrating a flux of ~105 particles per second at 10 Hz, and ~106 per second at 1 kHz. Hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell numerical simulations support our experimental findings. Potential impact of our approach on future spread of ultra-compact, multi-MeV alpha particle sources driven by moderate intensity (1016-1017 W/cm2) laser pulses is anticipated.
Food Microbiology
Authors: Adams Martin , Moss Maurice O , McClure Peter 
Published: February 2023

Food Microbiology by Adams and Moss has been a popular textbook since it was first published in 1995. Now in its fourth edition, Peter McClure joins the highly successful authorship in order to bring the book right up to date.
Maintaining its general structure and philosophy to encompass modern food microbiology, this new edition provides updated and revised individual chapters and uses new examples to illustrate incidents with particular attention being paid to images. Thorough and accessible, it is designed for students in the biological sciences, biotechnology and food science as well as a valuable resource for researchers, teachers and practising food microbiologists.
A long chain-induced depletion effect for abnormal grafting in the preparation of bimodal bidisperse polymer-grafted nanoparticles
Authors: Li Chu-Xiang , Mao Jin-Yuan , Li Shu-Jia , Wang Yan , Liu Hong 
Published: February 2023

The results obtained by our simulations can provide effective guidance for the design of nanoparticle-grafted bimodal bidisperse polymer chains and provide a theoretical basis for experimentation and production of polymer nanocomposites with better performance.
Imaging Osteomyelitis: An Update
Authors: Aydingoz Ustun 
Published: February 2023

Background Hematogenous osteomyelitis has increased over the past quarter century in frequency, virulence, and degree of soft-tissue involvement, bringing about changes in clinical manifestations and management of the disease especially in children that should be reflected in the current imaging approach. Likewise, the global disease burden of diabetes has increased greatly in the same period, compounding the problem of ascertaining osteomyelitis in diabetic foot.
Method This article provides an updated overview of imaging findings in hematogenous and contiguous osteomyelitis based on the literature and our institutional experience, along with salient features of recent recommendations from expert groups on the diagnostic algorithms and reporting terminology.
Results and Conclusion Findings on radiography and especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) closely reflect pathophysiology in osteomyelitis, whereby the characteristic involvement of the metaphysis or metaphyseal-equivalents, the formation and subperiosteal extension of intramedullary pus collection, and the development of cloaca, sequestrum, and involucrum are all diagnostic clues. Non-enhancing foci within the medullary bone, the penumbra sign, intra- or extramedullary fat globules, and surrounding soft tissue inflammation or abscesses are among key MRI findings. Diabetic foot is a special condition with characteristic pathophysiologic and imaging features that suggest the likelihood of osteomyelitis and the main differential diagnostic consideration of acute on chronic neuropathic osteoarthropathy with or without osteomyelitis.
Key Points
Citation Format