bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, development and characterization of ketorolac tromethamine-loaded transdermal patches
Authors: Ahmed S Mulla Jameel , Dubal Rajandra Bajirao , Kapse Mukesh Vinod 
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate ketorolac tromethamine-loaded transdermal patch, designed for sustained drug release and enhanced patient compliance in pain management. Pain management is a critical component of healthcare, especially in conditions requiring long-term treatment. NSAID, such as ketorolac tromethamine, is commonly prescribed for the relief of moderate to severe pain due to their potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the conventional forms of ketorolac can be associated with limitations and the need for frequent dosing.Different combinations of polymers (HPMC K100 and PVP K30) and plasticizer (PEG 400) were used to prepare the transdermal patches by solvent casting method. The drug was dissolved in polymeric solution. The solution was poured into mould and allowed to dry to form a patch. After preparation of Transdermal patch evaluation tests were performed.The transdermal patches exhibited good physical characteristics with uniform thickness and weight variation. The folding endurance test indicated high mechanical strength, with patches enduring multiple folds without breaking. The moisture content was within acceptable limits, ensuring patch stability. The drug content was shown higher value with minimum batch variability. The drug release study showed that patches containing lower concentrations of HPMC K100 and higher concentration PVP K30 had the highest drug release rates, with up to 90% of the drug released over 8 hours. The ketorolac tromethamine-loaded transdermal patches developed in this study demonstrated promising characteristics for sustained drug delivery. Formulations F3 batch provided optimal drug release profiles. These patches could potentially improve patient compliance in pain management by providing a non-invasive, sustained-release drug delivery system.
Ativação de recursos territoriais alimentares na fronteira do capital, Marajó, Amazônia, Brasil: enfrentamento aos sistemas agroalimentares globais?
Authors: Carvalho João Paulo Leão de , Vasconcellos Sobrinho Mário , Flores Maria do Socorro Almeida 
Published: January 2025

Recursos territoriais alimentares podem ser compreendidos como os alimentos produzidos localmente e que fazem parte da cultura alimentar típica de uma região específica. Em contexto no qual sistemas agroalimentares globais são predominantes, a ativação de recursos alimentares locais pode ser tomada enquanto estratégia para o desenvolvimento territorial, especialmente como política pública para um território de fronteira tão importante como é o Marajó (Pará, Amazônia brasileira). O presente artigo caracteriza a aquisição pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em diferentes grupos de alimentos e analisa a sua contribuição para a ativação de recursos territoriais e enfrentamento aos sistemas agroalimentares globais em municípios da região do Marajó. O artigo adota uma abordagem metodológica do tipo exploratório-qualitativa. A principal conclusão é que a mobilização de atores locais, propiciada por políticas públicas de compras institucionais, desencadeia processos de ativação de recursos territoriais alimentares que contribuem para o desenvolvimento territorial e, ainda que de forma limitada, promovem o enfrentamento aos sistemas agroalimentares globais e ao avanço do mercado externo sobre regiões periféricas que necessitam internalizar resultados econômicos.
Speed Control of a PMSM drive system using a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller
Authors: Yahia MAZZI  , Hicham Ben Sassi  , Fatima Errahimi  , Najia Es-Sbai  
Published: January 2025

Due to its dependability, high accuracy, and performance, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is becoming an attractive option for electric vehicle traction systems. In this context, the objective is to achieve high power conversion efficiency and high mechanical speeds with great precision. Therefore, motor control is of paramount importance in EVs as a vehicle on the road is prone to various disturbances and load variations. Hence, a robust speed controller is necessary to ensure high operational performance, precise speed tracking, minimal overshoot, and disturbance rejection. In this study, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (NTSMC) is proposed for the speed control of a PMSM powered by a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). NTSMC is a well-established method that provides high-performance control and can effectively handle parameter uncertainties and disturbances, making it highly suitable for PMSM speed control. The stability of the NTSMC is validated using Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, several simulations are performed. The proposed method demonstrates through simulations that it surpasses the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. Additionally, it provides precise speed tracking, high-performance control, and reduced overshoot, proving its feasibility and effectiveness.
Quantification of Mutual Mass Transfer Coupled with Heat Transfer for CO2/C3H8-Heavy Oil Systems Under Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Dong Xiaomeng , Lu Yang , Li Yunlong , Yang Daoyong 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Experimental and theoretical methods have been developed to quantitatively assess the heat and bidirectional mass transfer between a hot solvent (i.e., CO2 and C3H8) and heavy oil. Experimentally, we performed diffusion experiments for hot solvent-heavy oil systems at elevated pressures and temperatures using a pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) setup. The dynamic volume change of the oleic phase has been continuously measured and recorded throughout each experiment. At the conclusion of each test, gas chromatography (GC) analysis has been conducted on the collected gas samples. Theoretically, a diffusion model has been integrated with heat transfer to determine the mutual diffusivities for the hot CO2/C3H8-heavy oil systems by incorporating the volume-translated (VT) Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) together with the modified alpha functions and acentric factor redefined at Tr = 0.6. The mutual diffusivities can be determined once the computed parameters, including oil swelling factors and gas composition, match the measured ones. Due to solvent dissolution, heavy oil is found to swell faster initially as both heat and mass transfer contribute to the oil swelling. After the system temperature is stabilized, the volume of the diluted oil expands slowly as a result of the ongoing mass transfer. The extraction process was evident during the experiments with the presence of oil components in the collected gas samples, and it was found to be stronger at a higher temperature. The diffusivities determined using different alpha functions in the PR EOS are similar, but the newly defined acentric factor with the optimum alpha function minimizes the deviation between the measured and computed parameters. In addition to new experimental data, the bidirectional mass transfer between solvent and heavy oil has been quantified for the first time by coupling heat transfer.
Effects of pre-gestational exposure to the stressors and perinatal mirtazapine administration on the excitability of hippocampal glutamate and brainstem monoaminergic neurons, hippocampal neuroplasticity, and anxiety-like behavior in rats
Authors: Dremencov Eliyahu , Paliokha Ruslan , Viñas-Noguera Mireia , Bukatova Stanislavá , Grinchii Daniil , Gaburjáková Jana , Gaburjáková Marta , Özbaşak Hande , Dekhtiarenko Roman , Khoury Talah , Lacinova Lubica , Dubovický Michal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

When accompanied by excessive exposure to the stressors, pregnancy may result in prenatal depression, that has in turn negative influence on the offspring’s brain. Mirtazapine, among other antidepressants, is commonly used to treat prenatal depression. Even though mirtazapine is generally considered safe for pregnant women, its effect on the offspring brain have not been sufficiently investigated. The present study aimed to examine the effects of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in pregestational rats, prenatal mirtazapine treatment, and their combination, on offspring behavior and brain function. We assessed offspring anxiety levels during the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, the expression of pro-neuroplastic proteins in the offspring brain, the excitability of brainstem monoamine and hippocampal glutamate neurons, and the expression and activity of ryanodine receptors (RyR2). Prenatal mirtazapine had an anxiolytic effect on the offspring of the stressed dams. This effect was associated with an increased excitability of serotonin (5-HT) neurons and elevated expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Regarding the offspring glutamate and dopamine neurons, the combination of maternal stress and mirtazapine inhibited their burst firing, potentially due to decreased expression of the glutamate receptors. Even though calcium signaling is important for the burst firing of the neurons, the effects of maternal stress and mirtazapine on the burst activity of the offspring glutamate and dopamine might not be mediated via mechanism(s) involving the RyR2. Summarizing, mirtazapine may diminish the negative influence of maternal stress and depression on the offspring brain, via mechanism(s) putatively involving 5-HT neurotransmission and BDNF.
A multi-tissue atlas of allelic-specific expression reveals the characteristics, mechanisms, and relationship with dominant effects in cattle
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Xu Lei , Liang Xiaoyun , Li Letian , Huang Xixia , Chen Qiuming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis is a crucial tool for validating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), identifying causal variants associated with complex traits, and investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying heterosis. In this study, we characterized ASE variants across 35 tissues using 7,532 publicly available RNA-seq datasets. Additionally, we explored the mechanisms driving ASE through integration with epigenomic data and examined the relationship between ASE and dominance effects on gene expression and milk-related traits in Holstein cattle.
Results
ASE variants exhibited stronger tissue specificity and lower reproducibility compared to eQTLs. Interestingly, variants with opposite directional effects demonstrated greater resilience across diverse environments. Functional annotation revealed that ASE variants were predominantly located in enhancer regions during transcription, rather than promoter regions. Furthermore, ASE variants were implicated in post-transcriptional and translational processes, including mutations affecting mRNA splicing and triggering nonsense-mediated decay. Analysis of eQTLs, splicing QTLs (sQTLs), and validated QTLs associated with milk-related traits in Holstein cattle, coupled with enrichment analysis in QTL databases and effect size evaluation, indicated that ASE variants were more closely aligned with dominant effects than additive effects, particularly in reproductive and immune-related tissues/traits, which exhibited higher levels of heterosis.
Conclusions
Our findings not only enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying heterosis and ASE formation but also provide a valuable resource of regulatory variants that can be leveraged to improve economic traits through molecular breeding or the strategic exploitation of heterosis.
Instability-Induced Crystal Self-Assembly in Film-Substrate System for the Construction of Large-Area Micro- and Nano-Chiral Structures
Authors: Shi Xinghua , Wang Fushuai , Yuan Quanzi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Chiral supramolecular self-assembly structures exhibit distinct properties that significantly surpass those of achiral structures, with broad applications in optoelectronics, medicine, biomimetics, and interfaces. However, due to the limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation and cross-scale transmission of supramolecular chirality, the controlled construction of chiral supramolecular structures at mesoscopic/macroscopic scales remains a major challenge. Here, we present a method based on Instability-Induced Crystal Self-Assembly (IICSA), where external shear triggers instability in ibuprofen supramolecular films, leading to the transformation of ibuprofen from a disordered state in the film to large-area, ordered chiral supramolecular structures consisting of lamellar and left-/right-handed fiber combinations via crystallization. Based on the two-dimensional film model, both direct visualization and active control of the self-assembly dynamics of the chiral supramolecular structures are achieved. The influence of surface/interface effects, geometry effects, and solid-liquid interactions on the self-assembly dynamics is revealed through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental analysis. It has been demonstrated that mechanical instability plays a crucial role in the appearance and subsequent evolution of chiral supramolecular structures. Furthermore, the application of these chiral supramolecular structures in modulating wettability has been explored, showing a significant impact on controlling the liquid contact angle. This study not only provides new insights into the mechanisms of supramolecular chirality generation and cross-scale transmission but also offers a novel approach to the controllable construction of mesoscopic/macroscopic chiral supramolecular structures.
Zero-inflated Poisson Regression Analysis of Determinants of Subject Failures in Primary Schools National Examination of 2023 in Somaliland
Authors: Abdi Mustafe Khadar , Ali Jibril Abdulkadir , Cumar Mukhtaar Axmed , Muse Abdisalan Hassan , Ali Tawakal Abdi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

An analysis of the 2023 Somaliland Primary School Examination results for 20,638 students exposes substantial educational inequalities, with a mere 21.45% succeeding in all subjects and students failing an average of 2.3 subjects. This study employed Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression to examine socioeconomic, institutional, and demographic factors influencing subject failures. The ZIP model outperformed conventional Poisson and Negative Binomial models in handling overdispersion and excess zeros. Findings revealed that while gender had little effect on failure rates, female students were more likely to pass all subjects. Urban students showed a 26% greater chance of failing subjects than their rural peers, and public school students were 20% more prone to failure compared to those in private schools. Notable regional differences were observed, with areas like Badhan and Sahil demonstrating lower failure rates, while Awdal and Maroodijeex exhibited higher rates. The inflation model indicated that urban students and those in regions such as Badhan and Sahil had higher odds of passing all subjects, whereas public school students and those in Maroodijeex and Togdheer were more likely to fail at least one subject. These results highlight the need for focused interventions to tackle systemic inequities, improve public school resources, assist urban schools, sustain gender equality, and invest in underperforming regions. The study recommends gathering longitudinal data and establishing public-private partnerships to support evidence-based policymaking and long-term solutions for enhancing educational outcomes in Somaliland.
Population based Comparative Nutritional Status of Unoperated Congenital Heart Defects patients from a Tertiary Pediatric Cardiac Centre in India
Authors: Joshi Radha , Bhoite Manasi , Mandhare Poonam , Nath Shaoni , Kapoor Sudhir , Wadke Rishikesh , Pandey Ragini 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Congenial Heart Defects (CHD) are structural cardiac malformations ranging from mild to severe forms; greatly impacting childhood mortality and morbidity. Malnutrition as comorbidity in CHD raises treatment complexity, lengthens post-operative recovery period and increases risk of developmental delays. This retrospective study evaluates patterns of malnutrition in 1678 unoperated CHD cases at out-patient department of tertiary pediatric cardiac centre in India compared to 11,894 population controls. Z-Scores based on WHO reference charts were used for Weight for Age, Height for Age and Weight for Height calculations. Majority of CHD patients belonged to upper lower (49.17%) and lower middle (42.99%) socioeconomic class. 62.46% cases were underweight, 41.3% stunted and 53.93% wasted compared to controls showing 28.88% underweight, 31.15% stunting and 14.04% wasting, indicating significant undernutrition in cases (p < 0.05) compared to age (0–6 years) & gender matched controls (χ2 = 6.68, p = 0.009). Lower birth weight was found associated with undernutrition in CHD (p < 0.05). PAH exacerbated undernutrition in CHD (p < 0.05). This first of its kind study from India provides population-based prevalence of nutritional status compared to unoperated CHD cases showing high undernutrition in CHD, thus highlighting need for comprehensive health screening which is crucial for early detection and timely CHD treatment.
Non-Linear Relationship Between Serum Vitamin A and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on NHANES 1999-2002
Authors: Li Jian , Zhou Lichun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association between serum vitamin A levels and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), given the unclear relationship between vitamin A and cardiovascular health despite CVD being a leading global cause of death.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 3,552 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002. Serum vitamin A levels were measured as the exposure variable, with cerebrovascular disease as the outcome. Multiple confounders including demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors were adjusted in the analysis.
Results
A nonlinear relationship was identified with a threshold at 1.15 µmol/L. Below this threshold, serum vitamin A showed a protective effect against cerebrovascular disease (OR = 0.083, 95% CI: 0.011–0.662, P = 0.0187), while above it, a trend toward increased risk was observed but not statistically significant (OR = 1.226, 95% CI: 0.973–1.546, P = 0.0842).
Conclusion
Serum vitamin A levels demonstrate a threshold effect on cerebrovascular disease risk, suggesting different roles at varying concentrations. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and establish optimal vitamin A ranges for cardiovascular health.
Emergency service user profiles: patterns and inappropriate use in a southern Brazilian cohort, 2021-2022
Authors: Aguiar Thales Filipe Delmonico , Filho Antonio Orlando Farias Martins , Castanha Everton Bruno , Delpino Felipe Mendes , Nunes Bruno Pereira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) overcrowding is a worldwide challenge still in progression. Inappropriate use and reuse play an important role in this phenomenon. However the literature on the patterns of reuse and how personal an regional health system characteristics influence it is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate reuse patterns and its determinants.
Methods
This prospective cohort study investigate EMS overuse and inappropriate use in Pelotas city, Brazil (2021–2022). 2909 patients were followed for one year.
Results
61% of patients reused the service, with 25.5% classified as frequent users (FU), accounting for 57.4% of total visits. Hyperusers (≥ 10 visits/year) represented 3.9% of patients, but 14.2% of total visits. FU were more prevalent among women, while “hyperusers” were associated with young adults, “18 to 49 years”. In analyzing the appropriate use criterias, a total of 20.6% of visits were classified as inappropriate, though no significant difference existed across use patterns.
Conclusion
The results suggest the need for new studies, looking for population patterns in the profiles of emergency service users, based on frequency of use. From this, it will be possible to base public policies that interfere with the phenomenon.
The Suppression of Commutation Torque Ripple in Brushless DC Motors Based on Segmental Duty Cycle Distribution
Authors: Cai Zhiduan , Shen Jiahao , Xu Lihao , Wang Yuling 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

During the commutation process of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors, significant commutation torque pulsations occur, which degrade the operational performance and efficiency of the motor. Conventional overlapping commutation methods can effectively suppress commutation torque pulsations; however, they are susceptible to issues related to control fail areas. In response to this challenge, the paper presents an improved segmented duty cycle allocation method for overlapping commutation, which effectively suppresses commutation torque pulsations during the braking process across a wide range of speeds. This commutation method employs a PWM-OFF-PWM modulation technique, which allocates differing duty cycles based on the high and low speed segments during the commutation period. Each speed segment independently undergoes pulse width modulation for either the conducting phase or the non-conducting phase, ensuring that the rate of current rise in the conducting phase is matched by the rate of current decline in the non-conducting phase during commutation. This synchronization allows for a smooth transition of non-commutating phase currents during the commutation period, thereby reducing commutation torque pulsations. Compared to conventional overlapping commutation methods, the proposed technique not only eliminates the control fail area issue induced by delayed control strategies, but also decreases the switching frequency of the power switch transistors, thus reducing switching losses. The feasibility, effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated in experiments.
Analysis of changes in morphological characters and drought resistance of tetraploid P. alba
Authors: yuanfu liu , xinyu wang , siyuan li , yan zhou , ruihan he , chen su 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Artificial induction of polyploids is an effective technique for plant breeding and genetic improvement. Understanding the changes in plant morphology after polyploidization is the key to studying the underlying physiological mechanisms of polyploid plant development. We obtained a tetraploid P. alba using colchicine induction and performed a characterization analysis on it. The results showed that the height and leaf area of the tetraploid plant were smaller than those of the diploid plant. The tetraploid plant have thicker leaves, higher chlorophyll contents, and larger but less dense stomata. Tetraploidization also resulted in significant changes in stem anatomy, including smaller xylem width and larger phloem width. In addition, we found that the tetraploid plants exhibited enhanced drought tolerance compared with the diploid parent. The results of our study not only revealed the structural and physiological changes in the tetraploid plants, but also provided valuable insights into the breeding of polyploid P. alba.