bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK
Authors: Smith Christopher , Smith Emma , Chiu Christopher , Hinton Jay , Perez Sepulveda Blanca , Gordon Melita , Choy Robert K.M. , Hill Peter W.S. , Meiring James E. , Darton Thomas C. , Carey Megan E. , Cooke Graham , Gibani Malick M. ,   CHANTS Consortium
Published: March 2023

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly as a cause of bloodstream infection in children and immunocompromised adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines to prevent non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) would represent a valuable public health tool in this setting to avert cases and prevent expansion of antimicrobial resistance. Several NTS and combination typhoidal-NTS vaccine candidates are in early-stage development, although the pathway to licensure is unclear due to challenges in conducting large phase III field trials. Controlled human infection models (CHIM) present an opportunity to accelerate vaccine development for a range of enteric pathogens. Several recent typhoidal Salmonella CHIMs have been conducted safely and have played pivotal roles in progressing vaccine candidates to pre-qualification and licensure. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) consortium has been formed with funding from the Wellcome Trust, to deliver the first NTS CHIM, which can act as a platform for future vaccine evaluation. This paper reports the conclusions of a consultation group workshop convened with key stakeholders. The aims of this meeting were to: (1) define the rationale for an NTS CHIM (2) map the NTS vaccine pipeline (3) refine study design and (4) establish potential future use cases.
The communicative potential of elliptical sentences (based on the material of the German language)
Authors: Shmeleva O. , Fadeeva L. 
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of communicative syntax, namely the problems of ellipsis, the identification of criteria for ellipticity. The aim of this article is to identify the communicative potential of elliptical sentences, their prevalence in the speech of the characters of a work of art, as well as to identify their stylistic functions and grammatical features. The status of colloquial speech in general and German colloquial speech in particular, the concept of the norm and the criteria of normativity are considered. The article attempts to define and systematize the types of elliptical sentences, their syntactic features and communicative functions in colloquial speech. The data of practical researches are considered. An ellipse is defined as a violation of the mandatory compatibility within a syntactic construction. Based on the criterion of dependence of elliptic sentences on the context, a classification of ellipses is proposed as contextually conditioned and contextually unconditioned (situational). In question-and-answer units, ellipses perform communicative functions: question, answer, motivation, emotional evaluation, questioning. Elliptic sentences are more connected to the context than full sentences, and from this point of view they are synsematic.
The analysis showed that ellipses are divided into two large groups in relation to which member of the sentence implies an unrealized valency: main or secondary. In elliptical sentences, one or both of the main members of the sentence may be missing. In the group of a compound predicate, both the nominal and the main part can be omitted, while the omission of the latter occurs almost twice as often.
The article gives practical recommendations to German language teachers on how to use the patterns of constructing elliptical sentences when teaching dialogic speech.
Value orientations of service communication
Authors: Yan Can' , Goncharova Lyubov 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the value orientations of service communication and describe the axiological components of this type of institutional discourse. During the research, 217 texts of service communication were analyzed, including advertising messages of service companies, customer feedback, as well as information resources of websites. General scientific and linguistic research methods were used: observation, comparison and description; linguistic and extra-linguistic approaches to the lexical material, discourse analysis, contextual analysis, interpretive-contextual and lexico-semantic test analysis.
On the basis of the studied material three groups of values were identified, among which are natural values, determined by human standards of life, morality and ethics; pragmatic values associated with the service activity itself, the services and products produced; artificial values, positioned by service companies in connection with advertising practices and the need to attract customers.
Joining the Parties as a Taboo in the Mediator’s Communicative Behavior
Authors: Kinderkneht A. 
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the description and justification of prohibitions in the communicative behavior of a professional linguistic personality. The communicative taboos of a mediator as a neutral mediator in a conflict/dispute are considered. Attention is paid to the prohibitions associated with the mediator joining the parties in the negotiation process.
The impossibility of direct observation of the mediator's communicative behavior in connection with the principle of confidentiality in mediation led to the choice of research methods and material: linguopragmatic and discourse analysis of open mediation sources, participant observation and intraprofessional communication with mediators.
The author examines the implementation of the principle of neutrality in mediation and defines the value guideline of the mediator's communicative behavior – non-alignment with the parties. There are prohibitions that characterize joining as a strict taboo of the mediator's communicative behavior: verbal (language and speech) prohibitions, thematic and non-verbal (sound, mimic and gesture) prohibitions, spatial-temporal and organizational prohibitions.
It is noted that joining the parties significantly affects the process and results of mediation. The mediator's partiality and emotional involvement can lead to the loss of confidence of the parties and to the end of negotiations. The high taboo nature of the mediator's communicative behavior requires from the specialist of this communicative profession the ability of self-reflection and self-control.
Using conceptual metaphors to enhance Economics students’ cultural competence skills
Authors: Kazakova Elena 
Published: March 2023

The article looks into the use of metaphors in English economic discourse and examines ways to turn conceptual metaphor analysis into a learning tool for students of business English.
We studied coverage of the economic impact of the 2020-22 pandemic on the tourism industry and the role that the conceptual metaphor «economy is a patient» plays in English economic discourse about these events. In our research we used corpus, semantic, conceptual and contextual analysis.
The findings show that the conceptual metaphor «economy is a patient» has been common in English economic discourse. Moreover, writers have frequently incorporated economic terminology into extended metaphors, highlighting the interplay of primary dictionary and contextual meaning in what is considered “dead metaphors”. The research proves that even trite metaphors can still have a persuasive effect on the reader creating powerful images in his/her mind’s eye. It also becomes clear that when writers use conventional metaphors, they are fully aware of their figurativeness.
From our perspective, using conceptual metaphor analysis methods in a business English class helps to achieve a number of teaching goals: it gives students useful insights into the origins of economic terminology, makes them culturally competent, helps them develop communicative skills. Therefore, it can be a useful learning tool.
The research contributes to the study of metaphor in modern economic discourse. The findings of the research could be used to develop ways to help students to acquire a number of important communication and professional skills.
Implementation of Communication Practice in Foreign Language Classes at a Military School
Authors: Minkina Yuliya 
Published: March 2023

The foreign language speech of a military specialist is characterized by a limited selectivity of vocabulary, which comes to the question: is it enough for a future officer to possess only a professional terminology base?
This article is devoted to the problems of general and professional language training of a military school cadets aimed at the developing a professional communicative competence.
The article highlights the systematic approach to the question of using communicative activities in foreign language classes, including non-traditional exercises and tasks for teaching cadets of both linguistic and non-linguistic sections fluent foreign language, in order to prepare future military specialists for effective communication activities at the international level.
Copper concentrate dual-band joint classification using reflectance hyperspectral images in the VIS-NIR and SWIR bands
Authors: Rivas Franco , Pérez Francisco , Sandoval Claudio , Sanhueza Ignacio , Sepúlveda Benjamín , Yañez Jorge , Torres Sergio 
Published: March 2023

A study on the classification of copper concentrates relevant to the copper refining industry is performed by means of reflectance hyperspectral images in the visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) bands (400–1000 nm) and in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) (900–1700 nm) band. A total of 82 copper concentrate samples were press compacted into 13-mm-diameter pellets, and their mineralogical composition was characterized via quantitative evaluation of minerals and scanning electron microscopy. The most representative minerals contained in these pellets are bornite, chalcopyrite, covelline, enargite, and pyrite. Three databases (VIS-NIR, SWIR, and VIS-NIR-SWIR) containing a collection of average reflectance spectra computed from 9×9pixel neighborhoods in each pellet hyperspectral image are compiled to train the classification models. The classification models tested in this work are a linear discriminant classifier and two non-linear classifiers, a quadratic discriminant classifier, and a fine K-nearest neighbor classifier (FKNNC). The results obtained show that the joint use of VIS-NIR and SWIR bands allows for the accurate classification of similar copper concentrates that contain only minor differences in their mineralogical composition. Specifically, among the three tested classification models, the FKNNC performs the best in terms of overall classification accuracy, achieving 93.4% accuracy in the test set when only VIS-NIR data are used to construct the classification model, up to 80.5% using only SWIR data, and up to 97.6% using both VIS-NIR and SWIR bands together.
Sun-like light source design considering non-visual performance to improve working efficiency
Authors: Qu W. J. , Cao G. Y. , Xu J. W. , Zhang J. H. , Wang Z. S. 
Published: March 2023

With the discovery of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, we have a better understanding of the non-visual effects of lighting. In this study, the optimum spectral power distribution in sunlight of different color temperatures is calculated by MATLAB software. At the same time, the ratio of the non-visual effect and visual effect (Ke,α) at different color temperatures is calculated according to the sunlight spectrum to evaluate the non-visual and visual effects of white LEDs at the corresponding color temperature. Then based on the characteristics of monochromatic LED spectra, the joint-density-of-states model is used as a mathematical model, and the optimal solution is calculated for its database. According to the calculated combination scheme, Light Tools software is used to optimize and simulate the expected light source parameters. The final color temperature is 7525 K, the color coordinate is (0.2959, 0.3255), and the color rendering index reaches 92. The high efficiency light source has not only the function of lighting, but also the effect of improving work efficiency with lower blue light hazard efficiency of radiation than normal LEDs.
Adaptive parabolic membrane mirrors for large deployable space telescopes
Authors: Rabien Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

A key element for the development of extremely large telescopes in space or
balloon-borne observatories will be a reduction in the areal weight of
the primary mirror. Large membrane mirrors offer a very low areal
weight but are difficult to manufacture with the optical quality
needed for astronomical telescopes. This paper demonstrates a
practical method to overcome this limitation. In a test chamber we
have successfully grown optical quality parabolic membrane mirrors on
a rotating liquid in a test chamber. These polymer mirror prototypes
of up to 30 cm in diameter show a sufficiently low surface
roughness and can be coated with reflective layers. By manipulating
the parabolic shape locally using radiative adaptive optics methods,
it is shown that imperfections or changes in the shape can be
corrected. With only tiny local temperature changes induced by the
radiation, many micrometers of stroke have been achieved. Scaling the
method investigated to produce mirrors with diameters of many meters
is possible using available technology. This approach opens the
possibility to produce affordable extremely large primary mirrors for
space telescopes. With the flexibility of the membrane material, this
type of mirror can be compactly rolled up when stored in the launch
vehicle, and then be deployed in space.
Determinants of early initiation of first antenatal care visit in Ethiopia based on the 2019 Ethiopia mini-demographic and health survey: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Abebe Gossa Fetene , Alie Melsew Setegn , Girma Desalegn , Mankelkl Gosa , Berchedi Ashenafi Assefa , Negesse Yilkal 
Published: March 2023

Background
Early initiation of the first antenatal care visit provides a critical opportunity for health promotion, disease prevention, and curative care for women and their unborn fetuses. However, in developing countries, including Ethiopia, it is underutilized and most of the pregnant women didn’t attend antenatal care visits during the first trimester (early). Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of early initiation of antenatal care visits and its determinants among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was done based on the 2019 intermediate Ethiopian demographic health survey. The data were weighted by sampling weight for probability sampling and non-response to restore the representativeness of the data and have valid statistical estimates. Then, a total weighted sample of 2,935 women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey and who had antenatal care visits for their last child was included. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was fitted to examine the determinants of early initiation of first antenatal care visits. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results
In this study, the overall magnitude of early initiation of the first antenatal care visit was 37.4% (95%CI: 34.6–40.2%). Women who attend higher education (AOR = 2.26: 95%CI; 1.36–3.77), medium wealth status (AOR = 1.80: 95%CI; 1.17–2.76), richer wealth status (AOR = 1.86: 95%CI; 1.21, 2.85), richest wealth status (AOR = 2.34: 95%CI; 1.43–3.83), living in Harari region (AOR = 2.24: 95%CI; 1.16–4.30), and living at Dire-Dawa city (AOR = 2.24: 95%CI; 1.16–4.30) were higher odds of early initiation of first ANC visits. However, women who were rural resident (AOR = 0.70: 95%CI; 0.59–0.93), household headed by male (AOR = 0.87: 95%CI; 0.72, 0.97), having ≥ 5 family size (AOR = 0.71: 95%CI; 0.55–0.93), and living in SNNPRs (AOR = 0.44: 95%CI; 0.23–0.84) were lower odds of early initiation of first ANC visits.

Conclusion
The prevalence of early initiation of first antenatal care remains low in Ethiopia. Women’s education, residence, wealth status, household head, having ≥ 5 family sizes, and region were determinants of early initiation of first antenatal care visits. Improving female education and women’s empowerment through economic transitions with special attention given to rural and SNNPR regional state residents could maximize the early initiation of first antenatal care visits. Furthermore, to increase early antenatal care uptake, these determinants should be considered when designing new policies or updating policies and strategies on antenatal care uptake to help increase early attendance, which can help in the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality and to achieve sustainable development goals 3 by 2030.
Prevalence and associated factors of delayed sputum smear conversion in patients treated for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective follow up study in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Khor Linghui Amanda , A. Wahid Ulfa Nur Izzati , Ling Lee Lee , Liansim Sarah Michael S. , Oon Jush’n , Balakrishnan Mahendran Naidu , Ng Wei Leik , Cheong Ai Theng 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Tuberculosis remains a major health problem globally and in Malaysia, particularly in the state of Sabah. Delayed sputum conversion is associated with treatment failure, drug-resistant tuberculosis and mortality. We aimed to determine the prevalence of delayed sputum conversion among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and its associated factors in Sabah, Malaysia.

Methods
A retrospective follow up study on all patients newly diagnosed with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis from 2017 to 2019 was conducted at three government health clinics in Sabah, utilizing data from a national electronic tuberculosis database and medical records. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied for data analysis. The outcome of the study was the sputum conversion status at the end of the two-month intensive treatment phase with either successful conversion to smear negative or non-conversion.

Results
374 patients were included in the analysis. Our patients were generally younger than 60 years old with no medical illness and varying proportions of tuberculosis severity as judged by radiographic appearance and sputum bacillary load upon diagnosis. Foreigners constituted 27.8% of our sample. 8.8% (confidence interval: 6.2–12.2) did not convert to smear negative at the end of the intensive phase. Binary logistic regression showed that older patients ≥60 years old (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 4.303), foreigners (AOR = 3.184) and patients with higher sputum bacillary load at diagnosis [2+ (AOR = 5.061) and 3+ (AOR = 4.992)] were more likely to have delayed sputum smear conversion.

Conclusion
The prevalence of delayed sputum conversion in our study was considerably low at 8.8% with age ≥60 years old, foreigners and higher pre-treatment sputum bacillary load associated with delayed conversion. Healthcare providers should take note of these factors and ensure the patients receive proper follow up treatment.
Estudo sobre a língua especializada em contextos ocupacionais
Authors: Assumpção Glória de Fátima Pinotti de 
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar alguns resultados de uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento acerca da estreita relação entre linguagem e trabalho, no âmbito das Ciências do Léxico e os pressupostos teóricos da Terminologia. Selecionamos as deflagrações da Operação Lava-Jato realizada pela Polícia Federal, de 2014 a 2019, da 1ª a 70ª fase operacional de desdobramento. Os resultados respondem aos questionamentos como se constitui a linguagem profissional nessa comunidade de especialistas, como se configuraram as denominações e o perfil léxico-semântico da terminologia encontrada. Nessa primeira etapa da pesquisa, compomos um corpus de estudo com 140 textos, dos quais, 70 textos oficiais, extraídos do sítio do Ministério Público Federal contém informações. Os outros, notícias divulgadas na grande imprensa, foram utilizados como corpus de exclusão. Com o auxílio das ferramentas TermoStat e Adobe, procedemos a captura dos candidatos a termos, dos quais, analisamos 114 sob o ponto de vista da forma, função e procedência, aspectos léxico semânticos, variação e aspectos culturais. Nossas análises indicaram variação das denominações em formas iguais de significados idênticos; formas iguais provenientes de línguas estrangeiras; formas que designam áreas culturais; formas iguais que vulgarizam linguagem de conteúdo específico em contextos ocupacionais; formas que socializam a linguagem especializada, a linguagem coloquial, entre outros. O presente estudo tem base na Socioterminologia (GAUDIN, 1993), Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT) (CABRÉ, 1992/1998) e Variação Terminológica (FAULSTICH, 1995).
Stimulation of spinal cord according to recorded theta hippocampal rhythm during rat move on treadmill
Authors: Rouhi Shahin , Rahmani Saeid , Shanesazzadeh Faezeh , Ahmadvand Tala , Namazi Mahrokh , Fardmanesh Mehdi , Kiani Sahar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Several studies have revealed that after spinal cord injury (SCI), in acute and sub-acute phase the spinal cord neurons below the injury are alive and could stimulate by use of electrical pulses. Spinal cord electrical stimulation could generate movement for paralyzed limbs and is a rehabilitation strategy for paralyzed patients. An innovative idea for controlling spinal cord electrical stimulation onset time is presented in current study.

Methods
In our method, the time of applying electrical pulse on the spinal cord is according to rat behavioral movement and two movements behaviors are recognized only based on rat EEG theta rhythm on the treadmill line. Briefly, 5 rats were placed on the treadmill and the animals experienced zero or 12 m/min speeds.

Results
These speeds were recognized based on EEG signals and off-line periodogram analysis. Finally, the electrical stimulation pulses had been applied to the spinal cord if the results of the EEG analysis had detected running behavior.

Conclusions
These findings may guide future research in utilizing theta rhythms for the recognition of animal motor behavior and designing electrical stimulation systems based on it.