bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent morphology and anatomy in the microphyllous leaves of selected heathland Myrtaceae and Asteraceae
Authors: Dörken Veit M. , Ladd Philip G. , Parsons Robert F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKey messageWe examined leaves of a suite of microphyllous woody plants and describe a little-known form of leaf peltation for the first time and also investigate strongly reflexed leaves in two distantly related lineages.AbstractPlants cope with a range of environmental conditions, especially related to water relations, and have developed an array of physiological and structural solutions to maintain a functional water balance. There has been considerable recent work on physiological solutions to water deficit but little attention paid to leaf characteristics. In many species there is a change in leaf form from seedlings to adults. We examine such changes in several small-leaved species from the distantly related Asteraceae and Myrtaceae, some of which develop micropeltate or reflexed leaves as adults. All are native to dry or seasonally dry sites. Three major morphological groups were recognised as follows: (1) leaves erect, nonpeltate and scale-like (Ozothamnus hookeri), (2) leaves erect and peltate (Phaenocoma prolifera,Regelia inops), (3) Leaves reflexed (Olearia lepidophylla,Ozothamnus scutellifolius,Ozothamnus reflexifolius,Melaleuca diosmifolia). The microphyllous peltation inP. proliferaandR. inopsin the absence of a meristematic fusion/bridge differs from typically peltate leaves. These small-leaved taxa occur in open, high light environments which are very different from the mesic, shaded understorey habitats of typical peltate-leaved plants. Many small-leaved species have leaves closely appressed to the stem and often with recurved margins. The erect leaves are functionally similar to reflexed leaves. Environmental filtering leads to superficially similar plant forms that may have somewhat different ontological origins. Such morphological forms are examples of convergent evolution in distantly related species but within each family are likely phylogenetically related.
JAMsFace: joint adaptive margins loss for deep face recognition
Authors: Khalifa Aly , Al-Hamadi Ayoub 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeep feature learning has become crucial in large-scale face recognition, and margin-based loss functions have demonstrated impressive success in this field. These methods aim to enhance the discriminative power of the softmax loss by increasing the feature margin between different classes. These methods assume class balance, where a fixed margin is sufficient to squeeze intra-class variation equally. However, real-face datasets often exhibit imbalanced classes, where the fixed margin is suboptimal, limiting the discriminative power and generalizability of the face recognition model. Furthermore, margin-based approaches typically focus on enhancing discrimination either in the angle or cosine space, emphasizing one boundary while disregarding the other. To overcome these limitations, we propose a joint adaptive margins loss function (JAMsFace) that learns class-related margins for both angular and cosine spaces. This approach allows adaptive margin penalties to adjust adaptively for different classes. We explain and analyze the proposed JAMsFace geometrically and present comprehensive experiments on multiple face recognition benchmarks. The results show that JAMsFace outperforms existing face recognition losses in mainstream face recognition tasks. Specifically, JAMsFace advances the state-of-the-art face recognition performance on LFW, CPLFW, and CFP-FP and achieves comparable results on CALFW and AgeDB-30. Furthermore, for the challenging IJB-B and IJB-C benchmarks, JAMsFace achieves impressive true acceptance rates (TARs) of 89.09% and 91.81% at a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 1e-4, respectively.
Magnetoelectric ring sensor—modelling and experimentation
Authors: Kuczynski Karol , Lisicki Maciej , Bilski Piotr , Szymanski Jerzy , Bilski Adrian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper presents the theoretical model and implementation of the magnetoelectric ring sensor. The designed device is capable of measuring the constant magnetic field of low amplitudes (even several dozen nT). To determine its capabilities and resolution, the hysteresis characteristics were evaluated and measured. Besides the theoretical description of the sensor, two heuristic approaches were used to approximate the internal characteristics (including the hysteresis loop), solving the regression task: a multilayered perceptron and support vector machine. Experiments show that the former has minimally Mean Square Error, which suggests its better applicability for heuristic modeling of the real-world device.
Pain improvement and reoperation rate after full-endoscopic decompression for lateral recess stenosis: a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Kesornsak Withawin , Kuansongtham Verapan , Lwin Khin Myat Myat , Pongpirul Krit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To share long-term clinical outcomes and our experience with full-endoscopic interlaminar decompression (FEI) for lateral recess stenosis (LRS).

Methods
We included all patients who underwent FEI for LRS from 2009 to 2013. VAS for leg pain, ODI, neurological findings, radiographic findings, and complications were analyzed at one week, one month, three months, and one year postoperation. The telephone interview for local patients with simple questions was done approximately ten years after the operation. International patients receive an email with the same questionnaire as local patients during the same follow-up period.

Results
One hundred and twenty-nine patients underwent FEI for LRS with complete data during 2009–2013. Most of the patients (70.54%) had LRS radiculopathy for less than one year, mainly L4-5 (89.92%), followed by L5-S1 (17.83%). Early outcomes three months after surgery showed that most patients (93.02%) reported significant pain relief, and 70.54% reported no pain at their ODI scores were significantly reduced from 34.35 to 20.32% (p = 0.0052). In contrast, the mean VAS for leg pain decreased substantially by 3.77 points (p < 0.0001). There were no severe complications. At ten years of follow-up, 62 patients responded to the phone call or email. 69.35% of the patients reported having little or no back or leg pain, did not receive any further lumbar surgery, and were still satisfied with the result of the surgery. There were six patients (8.06%) who underwent reoperation.

Conclusion
FEI for LRS was satisfactory at 93.02%, with a low complication rate during the early follow-up period. Its effect seems to decline slightly in the long term at a 10-year follow-up. 8.06% of the patients subsequently underwent reoperation.
$$\Delta $$ Baryon Spectroscopy in Lattice QCD
Authors: Hockley Liam , Kamleh Waseem , Leinweber Derek , Thomas Anthony 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA variational analysis is performed within the framework of lattice QCD to extract the masses of the spin-3/2 positive parity $$ \Delta ^+ $$

Δ
+

baryons, including radial excitations. 2 + 1 flavour dynamical gauge-field configurations provided by the PACS-CS collaboration via the ILDG are considered. To improve our interpolator basis, we perform an iterative process of source and sink smearing and solve a generalised eigenvalue problem using the resulting fermion operators. We obtain a clear signal for the ground and first excited states at a light quark mass corresponding to $$ m_\pi = 413$$

m
π

=
413

MeV. Furthermore, we show that one can use the eigenvectors obtained in this method to investigate the nature of these states, allowing us to classify our results as 1s and 2s states for the ground and first excited states respectively. Finally, we briefly highlight the method of Hamiltonian effective field theory which can be used to make comparison with quark model expectations.
Data-driven aggregate modeling of a semiconductor wafer fab to predict WIP levels and cycle time distributions
Authors: Deenen Patrick C. , Middelhuis Jeroen , Akcay Alp , Adan Ivo J. B. F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn complex manufacturing systems, such as a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility (wafer fab), it is important to accurately predict cycle times and work-in-progress (WIP) levels. These key performance indicators are commonly predicted using detailed simulation models; however, the detailed simulation models are computationally expensive and have high development and maintenance costs. In this paper, we propose an aggregate modeling approach, where each work area, i.e., a group of functionally similar workstations, in the wafer fab is aggregated into a single-server queueing system. The parameters of the queueing system can be derived directly from arrival and departure data of that work area. To obtain fab-level predictions, our proposed methodology builds a network of aggregate models, where the network represents the entire fab consisting of different work areas. The viability of this method in practice is demonstrated by applying it to a real-world wafer fab. Experiments show that the proposed model can make accurate predictions, but also provide insights into the limitations of aggregate modeling.
On the Effect of Testing Frequency on High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of AA2024-T3, Ti-6Al-4V, and Inconel 718
Authors: Kuliiev Ruslan , Riekehr Stefan , Ventzke Volker , Keller Sören , Kashaev Nikolai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn increase of testing frequency to reduce the testing time could affect the fatigue behavior of metallic materials. The current paper investigates the effect of testing frequency on the high and very high cycle fatigue behavior of AA2024, Ti-6Al-4V, and Inconel 718 alloys tested at 20, 90, and 1000 Hz. To quantify the effect of testing frequency a two-parameter Weibull distribution and Basquin’s equation were utilized as well as the threshold stress intensity factor range was determined. Fatigue crack initiation sites were evaluated on the fracture surface with respect to different testing frequencies. The results showed that changes in the testing frequency significantly influence the mechanical response of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, while no substantial impact on the fatigue properties of AA2024 and Inconel 718 alloys was identified. The findings of the study contribute to a more complete knowledge of the frequency sensitivity of the alloys and provide valuable insights for the design and evaluation of materials used in high-frequency applications.
Laser-based ultrasonic measurement of the influence of PBF-LB/M-typical thermal cycles on sheet metal components of hybrid parts
Authors: Hafenecker Jan , Rigas Nikolaos , Merklein Marion 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn order to cope with the upcoming challenges from industrial trends, such as mass customization, hybrid parts made out of sheet metal and additively manufactured components offer a possible approach. Hybrid parts can be used for instance in the field of medical and aerospace industries. The combination of the two technologies forming and additive manufacturing allows to use the advantages of each while at the same time avoiding the disadvantages. During the additive manufacturing process, however, the sheet metal substrates, which are a component of the later part, are subjected to heat input such as substrate heating and laser radiation. Each heat input has a different temperature and duration, which are simulated to detect changes in the material properties. Experiments are performed for 316L and Ti-6Al-4 V, which are both commonly used in additive manufacturing. The investigations aim at proving that the substrate heating has no influence on either material. To investigate the influence of substrate heating during additive manufacturing, tensile tests in heat-treated state as well as laser-based ultrasonic measurements are used to detect changes in mechanical or microstructural properties. However, the heat input of the laser is expected to lead to a phase transformation for the titanium alloy due to the high cooling rate. Therefore, the feasibility of using a laser based ultrasonic measurement system to detect microstructural changes during heat input similar to the laser radiation during laser-based powder bed fusion processes is tested. Based on the results, the substrate heating does not influence the sheet material, despite long holding times. However, the short laser beam-like heat inputs lead to phase transformations for the titanium alloy, which can be detected temperature and time dependent via laser-based ultrasonic measurements.
Fluorescence Turn-On/Off Responses of In (III)-MOF to Short-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids
Authors: Lv Jie , Xie Yabo , Xie Lin-Hua , Li Jian-Rong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractShort-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that are widely used as substitutes for long-chain PFCAs. However, they also pose a non-negligible risk to ecosystems. In this study, we demonstrated that a fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF) (named V-101) constructed from In3+ and an aromatic-rich tetratopic carboxylate ligand 5-[2,6-bis (4-carboxyphenyl) pyridin-4-yl] isophthalic acid (H4BCPIA) exhibited highly efficient turn-off and turn-on fluorescence responses toward five short-chain PFCAs in water and methanol, respectively. The limits of detection of V-101 toward five short-chain PFCAs are down to μg/L level, and it showed good anti-interference abilities toward short-chain PFCAs in the presence of common metal ions. The major mechanisms associated with fluorescence responses were molecular collisions and interactions between V-101 and short-chain PFCAs. This work demonstrates that the structure variety of MOFs imparts them with the potential of MOFs in the detection of short-chain PFCAs for pollution control.
An archaeometallurgical investigation of iron smithing in Swahili contexts and its wider implications
Authors: Baužytė Ema , LaViolette Adria , Fleisher Jeffrey , Juma Abdurahman , Horton Mark , Mapunda Bertram , Wynne-Jones Stephanie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the most extensive archaeometallurgical study of iron-smithing debris excavated in East Africa. It presents an integrated methodology, including morphological, chemical, petrographic, and contextual analysis of iron slag excavated from secondary ironworking contexts. Iron slag from three Swahili sites was analysed—Unguja Ukuu located on the southwestern coast of Zanzibar, and Tumbe and Chwaka situated in the north-east of Pemba Island. The results suggest that Unguja Ukuu smithing is associated with oxidising hearth atmospheres and high amounts of CaO, while slag from Tumbe and Chwaka indicates reducing hearth atmospheres and high silica:alumina ratios, potentially pointing to the use of a flux. Distinct technical traditions can be seen at Unguja Ukuu when compared to Tumbe and Chwaka, suggesting a regional rather than chronological pattern. Temporal continuity is evident throughout the occupation of Unguja Ukuu and between sites of different periods in north-western Pemba. The spatial distribution of iron slag at these sites suggests that smithing was taking place across the extent of Unguja Ukuu, while slag scatters were more localised and disassociated from domestic contexts at Tumbe and Chwaka. The wealth of information on technological and organisational aspects of smithing obtained during this study indicates that an integrated methodology can yield valuable data for a variety of smithing sites, irrespective of excavation strategies.
Choosing the site, getting the stones, building the dolmens: local sourcing of andesites at the El Pozuelo megalithic complex (Huelva, Spain)
Authors: Linares-Catela José Antonio , Donaire Romero Teodosio , Mora Molina Coronada , Cáceres Puro Luis Miguel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe geoarchaeological study focuses on the lithological characterization and provenance determination of the rocks of the El Pozuelo dolmens. The difficulty of identifying volcanic rocks in the intensely altered and deformed environment of the Iberian Pyrite Belt has required the implementation of a research methodology combining the archaeological and geological analysis of the megaliths and the area surrounding the Los Llanetes group. A total of 29 thin sections and 14 geochemical analyses (ICP-AES, ICP-MS and REE) have been carried out on samples from the dolmens and potential source areas, focusing on the chemical elements considered immobile during alteration processes. The petrological analyses confirm the identification of different andesite lithotypes and enable us to correlate the rocks used in the construction of the megaliths with source areas and quarries located within a 50–350 m radius. Several patterns are observed in the selection of the rocks, based on the material, visual and symbolic properties of the different lithologies. Foliated andesite is the most common stone used in the monuments, due to its excellent physical properties and technological suitability for extraction and transformation into megalithic supports. Other types of andesite (sheared, massive and amphibole-phyric), white quartz, ferruginous agglomerate and gabbro were also used for different architectural purposes. The results confirm the importance of locally available suitable rocks in determining site location, raw material procurement and monument construction during the Late Neolithic.
„Ich bretter durch die Stadt mit ’n Lambo Gallardo“
Authors: Bock Katharina , Dollinger Bernd , Rieger Julia 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungWährend in Publikationen und Auseinandersetzungen mit Gangsta-Rap vor allem populäre Rapper*innen und deren Produktionen im Vordergrund stehen, befassen sich vergleichsweise wenige Arbeiten empirisch mit der Fan-Perspektive. In diesem Zusammenhang sind insbesondere Fragen nach der Aneignung von Gangsta-Rap weitgehend unbeantwortet. Vor diesem Hintergrund präsentiert der Beitrag das Fallbeispiel eines jugendlichen Gangsta-Rap-Fans, der die Musik nicht nur gerne hört, sondern diese auch selbst produziert. Im Rahmen einer Analyse narrativer Aneignung von Gangsta-Rap zeichnet der Beitrag nach, wie der 14-jährige Salim auf zentrale Figuren, Topoi und Techniken des Musikgenres in seinen Rap-Eigenproduktionen Bezug nimmt, mit verschiedenen Themen experimentiert, diese z. T. reproduziert, sie mit der eigenen (realen und erwünschten) Lebensrealität verknüpft und sich so Gangsta-Rap in unterschiedlichen Selbsterzählungen kreativ zu eigen macht.
Neutralizing RGMa with Elezanumab Promotes Cerebroprotection and Recovery in Rabbit Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Jacobson Peer B. , Mothe Andrea , Levy Aharon , Krakovsky Michael , Hooker Bradley A. , Zhang Xiaomeng , Mollon Jennifer , Mordashova Yulia , Droescher Mathias , Weiss Sabine , Barghorn Stefan , Dreher Ingeborg , Awwad Khader , Nimmrich Volker , Huang Lili , Fung Emma , Buck Wayne R. , Pfleeger Kimberly , Ziemann Adam , Smith Elaine , Fox Gerard B. , Tator Charles H. , Gold Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRepulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is an inhibitor of neuronal growth and survival which is upregulated in the damaged central nervous system following acute spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and other neuropathological conditions. Neutralization of RGMa is neuroprotective and promotes neuroplasticity in several preclinical models of neurodegeneration and injury including multiple sclerosis, AIS, and SCI. Given the limitations of current treatments for AIS due to narrow time windows to intervention (TTI), and restrictive patient selection criteria, there is significant unmet need for therapeutic agents that enable tissue survival and repair following acute ischemic damage for a broader population of stroke patients. In this preclinical study, we evaluated whether elezanumab, a human anti-RGMa monoclonal antibody, could improve neuromotor function and modulate neuroinflammatory cell activation following AIS with delayed intervention times up to 24 h using a rabbit embolic permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model (pMCAO). In two replicate 28-day pMCAO studies, weekly intravenous infusions of elezanumab, over a range of doses and TTIs of 6 and 24 h after stroke, significantly improved neuromotor function in both pMCAO studies when first administered 6 h after stroke. All elezanumab treatment groups, including the 24 h TTI group, had significantly less neuroinflammation as assessed by microglial and astrocyte activation. The novel mechanism of action and potential for expanding TTI in human AIS make elezanumab distinct from current acute reperfusion therapies, and support evaluation in clinical trials of acute CNS damage to determine optimal dose and TTI in humans.
Graphical Abstract
A: Ramified/resting astrocytes and microglia in a normal, uninjured rabbit brain. B: Rabbit pMCAO brain illustrating lesion on right side of brain (red), surrounded by penumbra (pink) during acute phase post stroke, with minimal injury to left brain hemisphere. Penumbra characterized by activated astrocytes and microglia (region in crosshair within circle), with upregulation of free and bound RGMa. C: Elezanumab binds to both free and bound RGMa, preventing full activation of astrocytes and microglia. D: Elezanumab is efficacious in rabbit pMCAO with a 4 × larger TTI window vs. tPA (6 vs. 1.5 h, respectively). In human AIS, tPA is approved for a TTI of 3-4.5 h. Elezanumab is currently being evaluated in a clinical Ph2 study of AIS to determine the optimal dose and TTI (NCT04309474).
Modelling of aircraft trajectories for emergency landing using kinematoid chains
Authors: Flämig Steffen , Graefenhan Matthias , Schiffmann Wolfram 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMost methods that compute trajectories for un- or low-powered flight operate under simplifying assumptions such as constant curve radii and wind conditions. Likewise, changes of air density with altitude that lead to significant differences between equivalent airspeed (EAS) und true airspeed (TAS) are often not considered. Some approaches are based on Dubins paths, which are introduced in Dubins LE (Am J Math 79: 497, 1957). They combine three sections to form a trajectory, which is the shortest from a given start to an end position (In the original work, the position extended by the heading, is referred to as configuration. Since configuration has a different connotation in our context, we use the term state, which can contain other parameters in addition to the position and the heading, e.g. orientation, configuration of landing flaps, landing gear, etc.). A maximum distant landing spot can be reached this way. Often, the targeted landing spot is closer to the aircraft. If it is approached using a Dubins Path, the excess height must be dealt with. Here, we present a method addressing the problem directly, namely finding a trajectory which reduces the excess height over its entire length. Furthermore, it takes spatial and temporal changes of wind and air density into account. Several conditions influence the final shape of the trajectory. For example, avoidance of obstacles and predefined areas is easily achieved. Our method is motivated by kinematic chains, which are used in robotics and computer animation. We extend and modify this principle by incrementally transferring start and end states of the trajectory, modelled as state vectors, into each other. The resulting intermediate states form ends of chain links. To connect initial and final states through the resulting chain, we solve the inverse kinematic problem known from robotics. We extend it by several conditions, which are derived from the flight mechanical characteristics of the modeled aircraft on the one hand and from the desired properties of the trajectory on the other. Using practical examples, we will show the performance of this method, which we have efficiently implemented on off-the-shelf hardware. The method is suitable for systems that assist in the event of engine failures as well as for modeling planned un- or low-powered flights like continuous descent approaches or return flights of space gliders.