bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The criterion of development of processes of the self-organization of subsystems of the second level in tribosystems of diesel engine
Authors: Baranovskyi Denys , Myamlin Sergey 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe paper shows the possibilities of processes in the tribosystems of diesel engines, ensuring the development of self-organization processes in them. The criterion for the possibility of development of processes of the self-organization of subsystems of the second level shows that in a real irreversible process there is a decrease in the flow of mechanical energy. The paper considers three cases of the possibility of developing the processes of self-organization of subsystems of the second level on the example of the tribosystem “crankshaft-insert” for the operating conditions of a diesel engine 10D100. It was determined that in order to reduce the wear rate of the tribosystems of diesel engine it is necessary to provide the flow of the energy-mass transfer process on their contacting surfaces of friction by the gradients of chemical potentials and dislocation density of the interacting materials. The obtained expression is the criterion of possibility of development of processes of the self-organization of subsystems of the second level which indicates that the system would lose the stability, if the density of mobile dislocations or the wear rate of the tribosystems of diesel engine increases.
Metabolic dysregulation impairs lymphocyte function during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Gurshaney Sanjeev , Morales-Alvarez Anamaria , Ezhakunnel Kevin , Manalo Andrew , Huynh Thien-Huong , Abe Jun-Ichi , Le Nhat-Tu , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Lupu Daniel S. , Gardell Stephen J. , Nguyen Hung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCellular metabolic dysregulation is a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection that is a key determinant of disease severity. However, how metabolic perturbations influence immunological function during COVID-19 remains unclear. Here, using a combination of high-dimensional flow cytometry, cutting-edge single-cell metabolomics, and re-analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data, we demonstrate a global hypoxia-linked metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration towards anaerobic, glucose-dependent metabolism in CD8+Tc, NKT, and epithelial cells. Consequently, we found that a strong dysregulation in immunometabolism was tied to increased cellular exhaustion, attenuated effector function, and impaired memory differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of mitophagy with mdivi-1 reduced excess glucose metabolism, resulting in enhanced generation of SARS-CoV-2- specific CD8+Tc, increased cytokine secretion, and augmented memory cell proliferation. Taken together, our study provides critical insight regarding the cellular mechanisms underlying the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on host immune cell metabolism, and highlights immunometabolism as a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment.
A high throughput bispecific antibody discovery pipeline
Authors: Segaliny Aude I. , Jayaraman Jayapriya , Chen Xiaoming , Chong Jonathan , Luxon Ryan , Fung Audrey , Fu Qiwei , Jiang Xianzhi , Rivera Rodrigo , Ma Xiaoya , Ren Ci , Zimak Jan , Hedde Per Niklas , Shang Yonglei , Wu George , Zhao Weian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represent an emerging class of immunotherapy, but inefficiency in the current discovery has limited their broad clinical availability. Here we report a high throughput, agnostic, single-cell-based functional screening pipeline, comprising molecular and cell engineering for efficient generation of BsAb library cells, followed by functional interrogation at the single-cell level to identify and sort positive clones and downstream sequence identification and functionality characterization. Using a CD19xCD3 bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) as a model, we demonstrate that our single-cell platform possesses a high throughput screening efficiency of up to one and a half million variant library cells per run and can isolate rare functional clones at a low abundance of 0.008%. Using a complex CD19xCD3 BiTE-expressing cell library with approximately 22,300 unique variants comprising combinatorially varied scFvs, connecting linkers and VL/VH orientations, we have identified 98 unique clones, including extremely rare ones (~ 0.001% abundance). We also discovered BiTEs that exhibit novel properties and insights to design variable preferences for functionality. We expect our single-cell platform to not only increase the discovery efficiency of new immunotherapeutics, but also enable identifying generalizable design principles based on an in-depth understanding of the inter-relationships between sequence, structure, and function.
An efficient local multi‐energy systems planning method with long‐term storage
Authors: Ma Jiahao , Zhang Ning , Wen Qingsong , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLong‐term storage will play a crucial role in future local multi‐energy systems (MES) with high penetration renewable energy integration for demand balancing. Local MES planning with long‐term energy storage is essentially a very large‐scale program because numerous decision variables, including binary variables, should be used to model long‐term energy dependencies for accurate operational cost estimation. How to largely reduce decision variables as well as guarantee the planning model accuracy becomes one main concern. To this end, this paper proposes a novel efficient aggregation and modeling method for local MES planning. The aggregation method first decomposes input time series data (renewable energy output and energy demand) into hourly and daily components, based on which more accurate aggregation results with a few typical scenarios can be derived. By incorporating similar decomposition into the operation model of energy devices, the planning model can describe the long‐term energy cycle and the hourly operation characteristic at the same time and yield accurate optimization results with limited complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed method can considerably decrease the complexity of the problem while maintaining agreement with the results based on the optimization of the full‐time series.
Tight power and energy coupling constraints of energy storage resources for unit commitment
Authors: Yu Yaowen , Yan Bing , Gao Yijie , Li Yuanzheng , Sun Liangliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnergy Storage Resources (ESRs) can help promote high penetrations of renewable generation and shift the peak load. However, the increasing number of ESRs and their features different from conventional generators bring computational challenges to operations of wholesale electricity markets. In order to improve the computational efficiency, this paper tightens the generic ESR formulation for unit commitment. To avoid the complexity caused by ESR operations in both discharge and charge directions, a novel “decoupled analysis” is conducted to analyze one direction at a time. For each direction, ESRs over two and three time periods are categorized into several types based on their parameters. For each type, our recent four‐step systematic formulation tightening approach is used to construct the corresponding tight formulation. In order to consider more periods without analyzing all the drastically increased number of types, a series of major types are selected based on how many periods an ESR is able to discharge (charge) consecutively at the upper power limit. A related generic form of tight constraints over multiple periods is established. Moreover, validity and facet‐defining proofs of our tight constraints have been provided. Numerical testing results illustrate the tightening process and demonstrate computational benefits of the tightened formulations.
Research on assessment method for main insulation state of converter transformer based on time‐frequency domain dielectric response
Authors: Zhang Yizhou , Yun Hao , Zhang Mingze , Lei Shengjie , Sun Yufei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe converter transformer is an essential part of the DC transmission system. Compared with the traditional oil‐impregnated AC transformer, the main insulation of the converter transformer bears more complex electric field aging stress during long‐term operation. The influence of the proportion of AC components in the AC/DC composite electric field on insulation aging is still unclear. Therefore, a combined aging test platform of composite electric field and thermal was built in the laboratory, and accelerated aging tests of oil‐paper insulation under different AC/DC ratios were carried out. Through the time‐frequency domain dielectric response characteristics of oil‐paper insulation, the quantitative relationship between the time‐frequency domain dielectric response characteristic parameters and AC proportional coefficient in different aging stages was obtained. The results show that the influence of the AC component on the aging of the oil‐impregnated pressboard is more prominent. The maximum relaxation polarization time and the maximum exponential coefficient of polarization–depolarization current (PDC) can effectively characterize the aging of oil‐paper insulation. Meanwhile, to accurately assess the insulation state of the converter transformer, this paper established the equivalent dielectric relaxation model for the main insulation structure. A quantitative assessment method for moisture content and aging of oil‐paper insulation based on time‐frequency domain dielectric response was proposed. The influence of transformer oil conductivity, test temperature, and main insulation structure was eliminated. The effectiveness of this method was verified by comparative tests, the maximum error for DP is 20, and the maximum error for moisture content is 0.15%. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical support for on‐site assessment of converter transformer insulation status.
Study on tightening characteristics of flareless pipe joint assembly process
Authors: Tang Jie , Liao Zhenhua , Yang Peixin , Zeng Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe assembly process of flareless pipe joints is very important for the sealing performance of hydraulic pipeline system. Based on the theory of contact mechanics, a theoretical model of the assembly process of pipe joints is established to simulate the extrusion moulding process of flareless pipe joints. It is found that tightening torque is an important factor affecting the sealing performance of pipe joints. By comparing the changes of the contact stress between the sleeve and the pipe joint under different tightening tortures, combined with the mechanical transfer and deformation results of the contact surface, the results show that the fitting situation of the sleeve and the pipe is good when the expansion pressure is 180 MPa, and the sealing performance of the pipe joint is good when the tightening tortures are between 15 and 18 N·m. Considering that the contact surface is a clearance fit, the mean value error of contact stress obtained by simulation verifies that the accuracy of the torsional relationship formula is very high.
The optimal design and research of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Niu Lianbo , Zhang Mingzhu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with “VV—” shape rotor topology structure is proposed, and its performances are compared with “V” shape and “V—” shape rotor topology structure. The results show that the performances including output average torque, reluctance torque, torque ripple, cogging torque, iron loss of the IPMSM with “VV—” shape is better than the other two rotors. Firstly, the parameters which have great influence on the torque and the efficiency of the IPMSM are analyzed and optimized. The no‐load back electromotive force (EMF) of three different optimized rotor topology structures are analyzed and compared, the results show that the no‐load back EMF of the IPMSM with “VV—” shape topology structure has the lowest total harmonic distortion rate (THD). Secondly, the torque of the IPMSM with “VV—” shape under different current angles, current densities and speeds are analyzed and compared with the other two rotors. The results show that the torque performance of the IPMSM with “VV—” shape rotor topology structure is better than that of the other two. Finally, aiming at the problems that the torque ripple and cogging torque of the IPMSM with “VV—” shape rotor topology structure are greatly increased when the iron loss is reduced, This paper proposes to add a set of circular flux isolation holes between the second layer and the third layer of permanent magnets, and the position and diameter of this set of circular flux isolation holes are optimized and adjusted. The results show that the torque ripple and cogging torque of the IPMSM with the further optimized “VV—” shape rotor topology structure are greatly reduced, and the THD of no‐load back EMF is also further reduced, which has great significance to reduce vibration and noise, improve the control accuracy of the IPMSM.
Comparison of chromospheric diagnostics in a 3D model atmosphere
Authors: Pandit Sneha , Wedemeyer Sven , Carlsson Mats , Szydlarski Mikołaj 
Published: April 2023

Context. The Hα line, one of the most studied chromospheric diagnostics, is a tracer of magnetic field structures, while the intensity of its line core provides an estimate of the mass density. The interpretation of Hα observations is complicated by deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) or instantaneous statistical equilibrium conditions. Meanwhile, millimetre (mm) continuum radiation is formed in LTE, and therefore the brightness temperatures from Atacama Large Millimetre-submillimetre Array (ALMA) observations provide a complementary view of the activity and the thermal structure of stellar atmospheres. These two diagnostics together can provide insights into the physical properties of stellar atmospheres, such as their temperature stratification, magnetic structures, and mass density distribution.
Aims. In this paper, we present a comparative study between synthetic continuum brightness temperature maps at mm wavelengths (0.3 mm to 8.5 mm) and the width of the Hα 6565 Å line.
Methods. We used the 3D radiative-transfer codes Multi3D and Advanced Radiative Transfer (ART) to calculate synthetic spectra for the Hα line and the mm continua, respectively, from an enhanced network atmosphere model with non-equilibrium hydrogen ionisation generated with the state-of-the-art 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamics (rMHD) code Bifrost. We use a Gaussian point spread function (PSF) to simulate the effect of ALMA’s limited spatial resolution and calculate the Hα versus mm continuum correlations and slopes of scatter plots for the original and degraded resolution of the whole box, quiet sun, and enhanced network patches separately.
Results. The Hα linewidth and mm brightness temperatures are highly correlated and the correlation is highest at a wavelength of 0.8 mm, that is, in ALMA Band 7. The correlation systematically increases with decreasing resolution. On the other hand, the slopes decrease with increasing wavelength. The degradation of resolution does not have a significant impact on the calculated slopes.
Conclusions. With decreasing spatial resolution, the standard deviations of the observables, Hα linewidth, and brightness temperatures decrease and the correlations between them increase, but the slopes do not change significantly. These relations may therefore prove useful in calibrating the mm continuum maps observed with ALMA.
Videogestütztes Feedbacktraining als präventives Techniktraining – Eine exploratorische Studie
Authors: Schulte Sarah , Heil Jessica , Büsch Dirk 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Sport wird angenommen, dass ein dynamischer Knievalgus bei einbeinigen Landungen einen relevanten Verletzungsmechanismus des vorderen Kreuzbands darstellt. Während bestehende effektive Präventionsprogramme zur Reduktion des Knievalgus primär auf die Verbesserung allgemeiner konditioneller und/oder koordinativer Einflussgrößen ausgerichtet sind, fokussiert ein Video-Feedback-Training die Korrektur individueller Defizite in der sportlichen Technik, um u. a. ein potenzielles Verletzungsrisiko zu reduzieren.
Ziel Evaluation der kurz- und insbesondere mittel- und langfristigen Wirksamkeit eines Video-Feedback-Trainings zur Veränderung des frontalen Kniewinkels bei einbeinigen Landungen.
Methode Im Rahmen einer exploratorischen Studie wurden 10 sportlich aktive Personen (Alter: 25 ± 5 Jahre, Größe: 170,8 ± 4,5 cm) getestet. Diese führten in Anlehnung an das Landing Error Scoring System (LESS-Test) einbeinige Drop-Jumps in einem Pretest, in einer Aneignungsphase mit Video-Feedback und 2 Retentionstests 2 und 6 Wochen nach der Aneignungsphase ohne Video-Feedback aus. Das Video-Feedback wurde in der Aneignungsphase bei jedem zweiten Sprung und zusätzlich selbstbestimmt auf Nachfrage über ein Expertenmodell mit neutraler Kniestellung im Overlay-Modus aus der Frontalperspektive gegeben.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse wurden nach Sprung- und Nichtsprungbein der Proband*innen differenziert. Sie zeigen eine bedeutsame Verringerung des frontalen Kniewinkels für das Sprungbein (F1, 9 = 10,43, p = 0,01, η2
p = 0,54, 95 % CI [0,04; 0,74]) bei einbeinigen Landungen in der Aneignungsphase, jedoch keine statistisch bedeutsame Verringerung für das Nichtsprungbein (F1, 9 = 4,07, p = 0,08, η2
p = 0,31, 1-β = 0,44). Im Retentionstest nach 6 Wochen nähert sich der frontale Kniewinkel beidseitig dem Ausgangsniveau aus dem Pretest wieder an.
Schlussfolgerung Ein Video-Feedback-Training bietet sich als einfach durchzuführendes, alternatives Verletzungspräventionsprogramm an. Eine fehlende mittel- und langfristige Veränderung und hohe Variabilität des frontalen Kniewinkels lassen eine mehrfache und/oder regelmäßige Durchführung eines Video-Feedback-Trainings sinnvoll erscheinen. In weiteren Studien mit Kontrollgruppendesign und unterschiedlichen Feedback-Prozeduren wird systematisch zu prüfen sein, ob eine längerfristige Reduktion eines potenziellen Verletzungsrisikos des vorderen Kreuzbands erreicht werden kann.
Evidenzbasierte Forschung in der Plastischen und Ästhetischen
Chirurgie: Querschnittsanalyse von Forschungsarbeiten im Zeitraum
2019–2021
Authors: Alawi Seyed Arash , Rudari Michele , Dragu Adrian 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Fachgebiet der Plastischen und Ästhetischen
Chirurgie wird jährlich kontinuierlich international publiziert. Die
Publikationsleistung wird jedoch nicht regelmäßig auf das
Evidenzlevel untersucht. In Anbetracht der starken Publikationsleistung ist die
regelmäßige Beurteilung des Evidenzlevels der aktuellen
Publikationsjahre sinnvoll und war Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit.
Material und Methoden Es erfolgte die Auswertung der Publikationen des
Journals of Hand Surgery/JHS (European Volume Journal), des Journals
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery/PRS, sowie des Journals
Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie und Plastische Chirurige/HaMiPla von
Januar 2019 bis Dezember 2021. Hierbei wurden die Affiliation der Autoren, die
Art der Publikation, die Anzahl der untersuchten Patienten sowie das
Evidenzlevel mit bestehenden Interessenkonflikten analysiert.
ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 1341 Publikationen ausgewertet. Von diesen
wurden 334 Originalarbeiten im JHS, 896 im PRS, sowie 111 im HaMiPla
veröffentlicht. Der größte Anteil waren retrospektive
Arbeiten (53,5%, n=718). Die weitere Verteilung ergab
18% (n=237) klinisch prospektive Arbeiten, 3,4%
(n=47) randomisiert klinische Studien (RCT), 12,5%
(n=168) experimentelle Arbeiten und 6,5% (n=88)
anatomische Studien. Die Verteilung der Evidenzlevel aller untersuchten Studien
ergab Stufe I: 1,6% (n=21), Stufe II: 8,7%
(n=116), Stufe III: 20,3% (n=272), Stufe IV:
25,2% (n=338), Stufe V: 2,3% (n=31). Bei
42% (n=563) der Arbeiten gab es keine Angabe des Evidenzlevels.
Die meisten Evidenzlevels I stammten zu 76,2% aus Unikliniken
(n=16) (χ²-Test 0,619, > 0,05,
95%-Konfidenzintervall).
Schlussfolgerung Auch wenn RCTs für viele chirurgische
Fragestellungen nicht geeignet sind, könnten gut konzipierte und
durchgeführte Kohorten- oder Fallkontrollstudien die Evidenzlage
verbessern. Viele der derzeitigen Studien sind eher retrospektive Arbeiten und
haben keine Kontrollgruppe. Forscher auf dem Gebiet der Plastischen Chirurgie
sollten in Erwägung ziehen, ein Kohorten- oder Fall-Kontroll-Design zu
verwenden, wenn eine RCT nicht möglich ist.
Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Simulated Microsurgical Vascular Anastomosis
Authors: Ito Yoshiro , Hafez Ahmad , Hosoo Hisayuki , Marushima Aiki , Matsumaru Yuji , Ishikawa Eiichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The effects of sleep deprivation on surgical performance have been well documented. However, reports on the effects of sleep deprivation on microneurosurgery are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on microneurosurgery.
Methods Ten neurosurgeons participated in the anastomosis of a vessel model using a microscope in sleep-deprived and normal states. We evaluated the procedure time (PT), stitch time (ST), interval time (IT), number of unachieved movements (NUM), leak rate, and practical scale for anastomosis quality assessment. Each parameter was compared between normal and sleep-deprived states. Subanalyses were performed on the two groups based on PT and NUM under the normal state (proficient and nonproficient groups).
Results Although no significant differences were noted in PT, ST, NUM, leak rate, or practical scale, IT was significantly prolonged under sleep deprivation compared with the normal state (mean: 258.8 ± 94.0 vs. 199.3 ± 74.9 seconds; p = 0.02). IT was significantly prolonged under sleep deprivation in the nonproficient group based on both PT and NUM (PT: 234.2 ± 71.6 vs. 321.2 ± 44.7 seconds, p = 0.04; NUM: 173.3 ± 73.6 vs. 218.7 ± 97.7; p = 0.02), whereas no significant difference was observed in the proficient group (PT: 147.0 ± 47.0 vs. 165.3 ± 61.1 seconds, p = 0.25; NUM: 173.3 ± 73.6 vs. 218.7 ± 97.7; p = 0.25).
Conclusions Although IT was significantly prolonged under sleep deprivation in the nonproficient group, there was no decline in performance skills in either the proficient or nonproficient group. The effect of sleep deprivation may require caution in the nonproficient group, but it is possible that certain microneurosurgical outcomes can be achieved under sleep deprivation.