bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human alveolar macrophage response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune characteristics underlying large inter-individual variability
Authors: Sadee Wolfgang , Cheeseman Ian H. , Papp Audrey , Pietrzak Maciej , Seweryn Michal , Zhou Xiaofei , Lin Shili , Williams Amanda M. , Wewers Mark D. , Curry Heather M. , Zhang Hao , Cai Hong , Kunsevi-Kilola Carine , Tshivhula Happy , Walzl Gerhard , Restrepo Blanca I. , Kleynhans Léanie , Ronacher Katharina , Wang Yufeng , Arnett Eusondia , Azad Abul K. , Schlesinger Larry S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative bacterium of tuberculosis (TB), establishes residence and grows in human alveolar macrophages (AMs). Inter-individual variation in M.tb-human AM interactions can indicate TB risk and the efficacy of therapies and vaccines; however, we currently lack an understanding of the gene and protein expression programs that dictate this variation in the lungs.
Results: Herein, we systematically analyze interactions of a virulent M.tb strain H37Rv with freshly isolated human AMs from 28 healthy adult donors, measuring host RNA expression and secreted candidate proteins associated with TB pathogenesis over 72h. A large set of genes possessing highly variable inter-individual expression levels are differentially expressed in response to M.tb infection. Eigengene modules link M.tb growth rate with host transcriptional and protein profiles at 24 and 72h. Systems analysis of differential RNA and protein expression identifies a robust network with IL1B, STAT1, and IDO1 as hub genes associated with M.tb growth. RNA time profiles document stimulation towards an M1-type macrophage gene expression followed by emergence of an M2-type profile. Finally, we replicate these results in a cohort from a TB-endemic region, finding a substantial portion of significant differentially expressed genes overlapping between studies.
Conclusions: We observe large inter-individual differences in bacterial uptake and growth, with tenfold variation in M.tb load by 72h.The fine-scale resolution of this work enables the identification of genes and gene networks associated with early M.tb growth dynamics in defined donor clusters, an important step in developing potential biological indicators of individual susceptibility to M.tb infection and response to therapies.
Loss of mitochondrial adaptation associates with deterioration of mitochondrial turnover and structure in obesity-related fatty liver disease
Authors: Sarabhai Theresia , Kahl Sabine , Gancheva Sofiya , Mastrototaro Lucia , Dewidar Bedair , Pesta Dominik , Ratter-Rieck Jacqueline M. , Bobrov Pavel , Jeruschke Kay , Schlensak Matthias , Roden Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes feature higher prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH). In obesity-related insulin resistance, the liver may adapt its oxidative capacity, but the role of mitochondrial turnover in progressive NAFL/NASH remains uncertain.
Methods This cross-sectional study compared individuals with class III obesity (n=8/group) and with NAFL (OBE NAFL, NAFLD activity score: 2.3±0.4), NASH (OBE NASH, 5.3±0.3, p<0.05 vs. both other groups) or without fatty liver (control, OBE CON; 0.4±0.1). Hepatic mitochondrial ultrastructure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry and biomarkers of mitochondrial quality control by protein expression.
Results Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was 31% higher in OBE NAFL, but 25% lower in OBE NASH (both p<0.05 vs. OBE CON). Conversely, OBE NASH showed ~1.5fold lower mitochondrial number, but ~1.2-1.5fold higher mitochondrial diameter and area (p<0.001 vs. both other groups). Biomarkers of autophagy (p62), mitophagy (PINK1, PARKIN), fission (DRP-1, FIS1) and fusion (MFN1/2, OPA1) were reduced in OBE NASH (p<0.05 vs. OBE NAFL). Selected biomarkers (p62, p-PARKIN/PARKIN, p-DRP-1) were lower in OBE NAFL (p<0.05 vs. OBE CON). Mitochondrial diameter associated inversely with fusion and fission biomarkers and with oxidative capacity, but positively with H2O2.
Conclusion Humans with NAFL exhibit impaired mitochondrial turnover, despite upregulated oxidative capacity. In NASH, oxidative stress likely mediates the progressive decline of mitochondrial turnover along with impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure and respiration. Thus, mitochondrial quality control is key for hepatic energy metabolism and may have potential for targeting obesity-related NASH.
Research on surface plasmon resonance Sensing of metal nano hollow elliptic cylinder
Authors: Zhu Dandan , kang lixixn , Tong Kai , Yu Shancheng , Chai JinGuo , Wang Zhengtai , Xu LuLu , Ren Yuxuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this article, a new three-dimensional multi-layered nanoscale elliptical cylinder structure-based surface plasmon resonance sensor is designed, which utilizes the finite difference time domain method and FDTD simulation software for numerical simulation. The top of the structure is an elliptical cylinder array attached to a gold film with nanoholes. The middle layer is a dielectric layer, which can restrict the electromagnetic field. The bottom layer is an Au film and Si substrate. Surface plasmon resonance is excited by a vertically incident plane wave structure, and the incident electromagnetic wave is coupled to local surface plasmon through gold nanoscale elliptical cylinders. By adjusting the relevant structural parameters, the structure's resonance wavelength and resonance depth can be well adjusted. The optimized sensing structure has a smaller half-width than the traditional solid elliptical cylinder, higher sensitivity, and a larger quality factor. This structure can detect refractive indices in both gaseous and liquid environments, overcome the disadvantage of only being able to sense in a single environment, and provide a new approach for surface plasmon resonance sensing in biology and chemistry.
Brazilian pine seeds (Araucaria angustifolia): a source of oligosaccharides and resistant starch
Authors: de Godoy Rossana Catie Bueno , Nadolny Jaqueline Moura , Ferreira Celia Lucia de Luces Fortes , Leonel Magali 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Advancing Precipitation across the United States through Multi-decadal Convection-Permitting Simulations
Authors: Akinsanola Afolayan Akinsanola , Jung Chunyong , Wang Jiali , Kotamarthi Veerabhadra Rao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Climate simulations at convection-permitting (CP) spatial resolution could offer an improved representation of precipitation. To fully assess the benefits of CP simulations, we need multi-decadal simulations at global and regional scales. This first-in-class study presents results from 20-year simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at the CP scale (ADDA_V2), covering a large domain covering North America and up to Puerto Rico. We evaluated ADDA_V2’s performance in capturing mean and extreme precipitation across the contiguous United States (CONUS). ADDA_V2 can capture the spatial variability and statistics of the mean and extreme precipitation over most of the CONUS. Particularly compared with the reanalysis data, ADDA_V2 exhibits superior performance in orographic-induced (mesoscale-convection-induced) winter (summer) precipitation, adding significant value to more than 40% of the grids in the CONUS. ADDA_V2 clearly improves the representation of diurnal precipitation patterns, the 95th percentile of daily precipitation, consecutive dry days, maximum 5-day precipitation, and very heavy precipitation across all seasons due to improved representation of orographic effects east of the Rocky Mountains and tropical systems in the Southeast. These results provide an incentive for using these simulations for robust assessments of future climate change impacts at regional and local scales.
Decreased Local Specialization of Brain Structural Networks Associated with Cognitive Dysfuntion Revealed by Probabilistic Diffusion Tractography for Different Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burdens
Authors: Feng Mengmeng , Hongwei Hongwei , Haotian Xin , Wang Shengpei , Gao Yian , Sui Chaofan , Liang Changhu , Guo Lingfei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective To reveal the network-level structural disruptions associated with cognitive dysfunctions in different cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burdens. Materials and Methods Probabilistic diffusion tractography and graph theory were used to investigate the brain network topology in 67 patients with a severe CSVD burden (CSVD-s), 133 patients with a mild CSVD burden (CSVD-m) and 89 healthy controls. We used one-way analysis of covariance to assess the altered topological measures between groups, and then evaluated their Pearson correlation with cognitive parameters. Results Both the CSVD and control groups showed efficient small-world organization in white matter (WM) networks. However, compared with CSVD-m patients and controls, CSVD-s patients exhibited significantly decreased local efficiency, with partially reorganized hub distributions. For regional topology, CSVD-s patients showed significantly decreased nodal efficiency in the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, caudate nucleus, right opercular inferior frontal gyrus (IFGoperc), supplementary motor area (SMA), insula and left orbital superior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus. Intriguingly, global/local efficiency and nodal efficiency of the bilateral caudate nucleus, right IFGoperc, SMA and left angular gyrus showed significant correlations with cognitive parameters in the CSVD-s group, while only the left pallidum showed significant correlations with cognitive metrics in the CSVD-m group. Conclusions The decreased local specialization of brain structural networks in patients with different CSVD burdens provides novel insights into understanding the brain structural alterations in relation to CSVD severity. Cognitive correlations with brain structural network efficiency suggest their potential use as neuroimaging biomarkers to assess the severity of CSVD.
Effects of green light-emitting diode irradiation on hepatic differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells generated from human adipose-derived mesenchymal cells
Authors: Waki Yuhei , Saito Yu , Chen Shuhai , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Noma Takayuki , Teraoku Hiroki , Yamada Shinichiro , Morine Yuji , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation has been used in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into a variety of cell types. This study investigated the effect of green LED (GLED) irradiation on the differentiation of adipocyte-derived mesenchymal cells into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and the mechanism of its action.
Methods
HLCs in the hepatocyte maturation phase were irradiated with GLED (520 nm, 21 W/m2, 5 min/day for 10 days). The cells were then assessed for expression of hepatocyte maturity genes and opsin 3 (OPN3), hepatocyte function, viability, apoptosis, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and calcium ions (Ca2+).
Results
GLED irradiation increased Alpha-1 antitrypsin and Ornithine transcarbamylase gene expression, promoted Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity and urea synthesis, and elevated intracellular ROS, ATP and Ca2+ levels. OPN3 expression was significantly more upregulated in GLED-irradiated HLCs than in the non-irradiated HLCs. No significant difference in cell viability or apoptosis was observed between GLED-irradiated and non-irradiated HLCs.
Conclusions
GLED irradiation can promote hepatocyte maturation and functions through OPN3. GLED irradiation also stimulated mitochondrial function via Ca2+/ATP/ROS activation. GLED irradiation has potential to support cell-based transplantation in patients.
Sex-specific effects of obesity on aortic inflammation and dysfunction
Authors: Tran Vivian , Brettle Holly , Diep Henry , Dinh Quynh Nhu , O’Keeffe Maeve , Fanson Kerry V , Sobey Christopher G , Lim Kyungjoon , Drummond Grant R , Vinh Antony , Jelinic Maria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Obesity and vascular dysfunction are independent and sexually dimorphic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Sex-specific changes in aortic immune cell profile and vascular function were characterized in a high fat diet (HFD)-induced model of early obesity. Six-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for ten weeks. Metabolic parameters were measured weekly and fortnightly. At end point, aortic immune cell populations and endothelial function were characterized using flow cytometry and wire myography. HFD-male mice had higher bodyweight, blood cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels than NCD mice (P < 0.05). HFD did not alter systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated hemoglobin or blood triglycerides in either sex. HFD-females had delayed onset of obesity with a transient increase in fasting blood glucose at week 8 (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed fewer proinflammatory aortic monocytes in females fed a HFD compared to NCD. HFD did not affect aortic leukocyte populations in males. Conversely, HFD impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, but only in males. Overall, this highlights biological sex as a key factor determining vascular disease severity in early obesity.
Photodynamic therapy using metal-conjugated novel photosensitizer with the expectation of heavy atom effects
Authors: Sasaki Makiko , Tanaka Mamoru , Kojima Yuki , Nomoto Akihiro , Shimmasu Ayako , Watada Tomohiro , Narumi Atsushi , Yano Shigenobu , Ozeki Keiji , Shimura Takaya , Kubota Eiji , Kataoka Hiromi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively non-invasive anti-cancer therapy that employs a photosensitizer with a specific wavelength of light, causing a photochemical reaction that releases free radicals, thereby inducing tumor cell necrosis via oxidative stress. The oxygen molecule reaches the singlet excited state through efficient energy transfer from an excited triplet state of the photosensitizer. Heavy atoms are frequently introduced in photosensitizers for efficiently generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PDT, known as the heavy atom effect. However, metal-complexed photosensitizers often show low water-solubility. Here, we established maltotriose (Mal3)-conjugation with heavy metallochlorins (M (Mal3-chlorin), M = Pt or Pd)) to improve its solubility and evaluated its anti-tumor effect. M (Mal3-chlorin) showed effective ROS production and singlet oxygen induction as a result of the heavy-atom effect. Consequently, these cytotoxic factors caused effective anti-tumor effects and induced morphological changes, followed by cell death in vitro. In a xenograft tumor mouse model, PDT with M (Mal3-chlorin) showed tumor growth suppression. Thereby, M (Mal3-Chlorin) might be an excellent glucose-conjugated chlorin because of its strong anti-tumor PDT effect.
Title: Regular physical activity can contribute to preventing cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with ACE gene polymorphism
Authors: JUNIOR NIVALDO Soares , Senna Carlan , Dias-Filho Carlos , Rodrigues Bruno , Irigoyen Maria , Mendes Vinícius , Ferreira Andressa , Dias Carlos José , Mostarda Cristiano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The article aims to analyze the influence of the level of physical activity and the polymorphism in the ACE gene on cardiac autonomic modulation and the chance of cardiovascular risk in adolescents.
Methods
One hundred thirty-six adolescents, 14 years old (11 to 18), divided into active (AG) and sedentary (SG) groups. Blood pressure, body composition, physical activity level, and sexual maturation were assessed to characterize the groups. Afterward, an electrocardiogram was performed, and oral mucosal cells were collected to analyze heart rate variability and genotypic research of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Results
Distribution frequency of D and I alleles, and time-domain variables of heart rate variability were similar between AG and SG subjects. AG presented lower systolic blood pressure and sympathetic modulation when compared to the SG DD. Additionally, the odds ratio for the cardiovascular events was increased in the SG DD compared with that in AG with DD allele (AG DD) adolescents, as verified for the autonomic variables LF%, HF%, LF/HF, and SBP.
Conclusions
Regular physical activity in adolescents can contribute to the maintenance of blood pressure levels, preventing autonomic imbalance and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with ACE gene polymorphism.
Association Between Immediate Oxygenation Response and Survival in Preterm Infants Receiving Rescue Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy for Hypoxemia from Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Baczynski Michelle , Jasani Bonny , De Castro Charmaine , Dani Carlo , Subhedar Nimish V. , Chandrasekharan Praveen , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , McNamara Patrick J , Bischoff Adrianne R , Jain Amish 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose To investigate whether immediate response to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy is associated with reduced mortality in preterm infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the association between immediate response (improved oxygenation within ≤ 6h) compared to non-response, and all-cause mortality among preterm infants < 34 weeks gestational age without congenital anomalies or genetic disorders who received iNO treatment. Adjusted and unadjusted odds ratio, were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman approach. Subgroup analyses were planned for infants with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and those treated within 72 hours after birth. Results The primary analysis included 5 eligible studies, a total of 400 infants (196 responders; 204 non-responders). The studies were rated as low to moderate risk of bias based on the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Immediate iNO responsiveness was associated with reduced odds of mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (0.10–0.49)]. Although there was insufficient data for a subgroup analysis of infants with PPROM, infants treated with iNO within 72 hours demonstrated consistent findings of reduced mortality [OR 0.21 95% CI (0.13–0.36)]. Based on the GRADE approach, considering the risk of bias of included studies, the overall strength of evidence was rated as moderate. Conclusion There is evidence to suggest that immediate improvement in oxygenation following iNO therapy is associated with reduced odds of mortality before discharge in preterm infants with HRF and clinically suspected or confirmed PH.
Large spread in interannual Variance of atmospheric CO2 concentration across CMIP6 Earth System Models
Authors: Martin-Gomez Veronica , Ruprich-Robert Yohan , Tourigny Etienne , Bernardello Raffaele , Cabré Margarida Samsó , Donat Markus , Ortega Pablo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Numerical Earth System Models (ESMs) are our best tool to predict the evolution of atmospheric CO2 concentration and its effect on Global temperature. However, large uncertainties exist among ESMs in the year-to-year variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration. This prevents us from precisely understanding its past evolution and from accurately estimating its future evolution. Here we analyze various ESMs simulations from the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP6) to understand the origins of the inter-model uncertainty in the interannual variability of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. We show that most of this uncertainty is coming from the simulation of the land CO2 flux internal variability. Although models agree that those variations are driven by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), similar ENSO-related surface temperature and precipitation teleconnections across models drive different land CO2 fluxes, pointing to the land vegetation models as the dominant source of the inter-model uncertainty.
Validation of self-reported cardiovascular problems in childhood cancer survivors by contacting general practitioners: feasibility and results
Authors: Hau Eva-Maria , Sláma Tomáš , Essig Stefan , Michel Gisela , Wengenroth Laura , Bergstraesser Eva , Weid Nicolas Xavier von der , Schindera Christina , Kuehni Claudia Elisabeth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background

Epidemiological studies often rely on self-reported health problems and validation greatly improves study quality. In a study of late effects after childhood cancer, we validated self-reported cardiovascular problems by contacting general practitioners (GPs). This paper describes: a) the feasibility of this approach; and b) the agreement between survivor-reports and reports from their GP.

Methods

The Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS) contacts all childhood cancer survivors registered in the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry since 1976 who survived at least 5 years from cancer diagnosis. We validated answers of all survivors who reported a cardiovascular problem in the questionnaire. Reported cardiovascular problems were hypertension, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, thrombosis, and valvular problems. In the questionnaire, we further asked survivors to provide a valid address of their GP and a consent for contact. We sent case-report forms to survivors’ GPs and requested information on cardiovascular diagnoses of their patients. To determine agreement between information reported by survivors and GPs, we calculated Cohen’s kappa (k) coefficients for each category of cardiovascular problems.

Results

We used questionnaires from 2172 respondents of the SCCSS. Of 290 survivors (13% of 2172) who reported cardiovascular problems, 166 gave consent to contact their GP and provided a valid address. Of those, 135 GPs (81%) replied, and 128 returned the completed case-report form. Survivor-reports were confirmed by 54/128 GPs (42%). Of the 54 GPs, 36 (28% of 128) confirmed the problems as reported by the survivors; 11 (9% of 128) confirmed the reported problem(s) and gave additional information on more cardiovascular outcomes; and seven GPs (5% of 128) confirmed some, but not all cardiovascular problems. Agreement between GPs and survivors was good for stroke (κ=0.79), moderate for hypertension (κ=0.51), arrhythmias (κ=0.41), valvular problems (κ=0.41) and thrombosis (κ=0.56), and poor for coronary heart disease (κ=0.15) and heart failure (κ=0.32).

Conclusions

Despite excellent GP compliance, it was found unfeasible to validate self-reported cardiovascular problems via GPs because they do not serve as gatekeepers in the Swiss health care system. It is thus necessary to develop other validation methods to improve the quality of patient-reported outcomes.