bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phonological–semantic flexibility and its role in reading for Chinese kindergarten children
Authors: Fong Cathy Yui‐Chi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the role of phonological–semantic flexibility (PSF) in learning to read Chinese. PSF refers to a specific flexibility applied to process the dual linguistic dimensions of words (i.e., sound and meaning). A correlational study (Study 1) was conducted to determine the unique contribution of PSF to three aspects of early reading abilities, including word reading accuracy, word reading fluency and reading comprehension. A total of 190 Chinese kindergarten children were tested on a PSF task and a range of cognitive, linguistic and reading tasks. Results of hierarchical regressions showed that PSF uniquely and significantly contributed to the reading abilities beyond the effects of established cognitive factors (IQ, working memory, inhibition control, and cognitive flexibility) and linguistic factors (syllable skills, morphological skill and vocabulary skill). In the second part, an intervention study (Study 2) was conducted in which two groups of kindergarten children received explicit training on PSF (27 children) and colour–shape flexibility (26 children) respectively. Children in the PSF group showed significantly more improvement in PSF and word reading fluency than the control group. Overall, the present study demonstrated the theoretical and practical importance of PSF for learning to read Chinese.
The comparison of clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with COVID‐19: A case‐control study
Authors: Abasian Ladan , Jafari Fatemeh , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Ayoobi Yazdi Niloofar , Daraei Morteza , Ahmadinejad Nasrin , Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Khalili Hosein , Seifi Arash , Meidani Mohsen , Behnezhad Farzane , Ahmadinejad Zahra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported and compared the clinical and para‐clinical findings of immunocompromised and immunocompetent COVID‐19 patients in a case‐control study at the Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran.MethodsIn this study, 107 immunocompromised COVID‐19 patients were recruited as the case group, and 107 immunocompetent COVID‐19 patients as the control group. The participants were matched based on age and sex. The patients' information was retrieved from the hospital records in an information sheet. Associations between clinical and para‐clinical findings with the immune status were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe initial pulse rate and recovery time were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (p < .05). Myalgia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, and dizziness were more frequently reported by the control group (p < .05). Regarding the prescribed medications' duration, Sofosbovir was used longer in the case group, while Ribavirin was used longer in the control groups (p < .05). The most common complication in the case group was acute respiratory distress syndrome, although no major complications were observed in the control group. According to the multivariate analysis, recovery time and Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) prescription were significantly higher in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group.ConclusionRecovery time was significantly longer in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group, which emphasizes the necessity of prolonged care in these high‐risk patients. Also, it is recommended to investigate the effect of novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the recovery time in addition to improving the prognosis of immunodeficient patients with COVID‐19.
Role of adenosine A2a receptor in cancers and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Ye Hongling , Zhao Junqi , Xu Xuejing , Zhang Dagan , Shen Han , Wang Sen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdenosine receptors are P1 class of purinergic receptors that belong to G protein‐coupled receptors. There are 4 subtypes of adenosine receptors, namely A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A2AR has a high affinity for the ligand adenosine. Under pathological conditions or external stimuli, ATP is sequentially hydrolyzed to adenosine by CD39 and CD73. The combination of adenosine and A2AR can increase the concentration of cAMP and activate a series of downstream signaling pathways, and further playing the role of immunosuppression and promotion of tumor invasion. A2AR is expressed to some extent on various immune cells, where it is abnormally expressed on immune cells in cancers and autoimmune diseases. A2AR expression also correlates with disease progression. Inhibitors and agonists of A2AR may be potential new strategies for treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. We herein briefly reviewed the expression and distribution of A2AR, adenosine/A2AR signaling pathway, expression, and potential as a therapeutic target.
Determining Reliability Requirements and Testing Costs in the Early Stages of Single Use Medical Product Design
Authors: Eubanks Fritz 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe production of single use medical devices, particularly for home use by patients, continues to grow, and the reliability of these devices is a primary concern for manufacturers and end‐users. The systems engineer tasked with the device development needs methods and tools to establish reliability requirements and provide cost estimates for the testing necessary to show compliance with those requirements. This paper examines methods for determining reliability requirements, the cost of reliability testing for single use medical devices in the design input phase of product development, and how the costs of testing and potential errors can be used to perform trade‐off analysis between reliability tolerance and confidence level.
Verification and Validation of SysML Models
Authors: Hecht Myron , Chen Jaron 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTModel‐based systems engineering depends on correct models. However, thus far, relatively little attention has been paid to ensuring their correctness. This paper describes a methodology for performing verification and validation on models written in SysML. The methodology relies on a catalog of candidate requirements that can be tailored for a specific project. Both manual and automated methods are used to verify and validate these requirements. Manual methods are necessary where knowledge of the domain and other extrinsic characteristics are necessary. Automated methods can be used where the requirements cover the use of SysML. Examples from a public domain SysML model of a satellite are presented to demonstrate application of automated requirements verification.
Framework for Formal Verification of Machine Learning Based Complex System‐of‐Systems
Authors: Raman Ramakrishnan , Gupta Nikhil , Jeppu Yogananda 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTA complex system is characterized by emergence of global properties which are very difficult, if not impossible, to anticipate just from complete knowledge of component behaviors. Emergence, hierarchical organization, and numerosity are some of the characteristics of complex systems. Recently, there has been an exponential increase on the adoption of various neural network‐based machine learning models to govern the functionality and behavior of systems. With this increasing system complexity, achieving confidence in systems becomes even more difficult. Further, ease of interconnectivity among systems is permeating numerous system‐of‐systems, wherein multiple independent systems are expected to interact and collaborate to achieve unparalleled levels of functionality. Traditional verification and validation approaches are often inadequate to bring in the nuances of potential emergent behavior in a system‐of‐systems, which may be positive or negative. This paper describes a novel approach towards application of machine learning based classifiers and formal methods for analyzing and evaluating emergent behavior of complex system‐of‐systems that comprise a hybrid of constituent systems governed by conventional models and machine learning models. The proposed approach involves developing a machine learning classifier model that learns on potential negative and positive emergent behaviors, and predicts the behavior exhibited. A formal verification model is then developed to assert negative emergent behavior. The approach is illustrated through the case of a swarm of autonomous UAVs flying in a formation, and dynamically changing the shape of the formation, to support varying mission scenarios. The effectiveness and performance of the approach are quantified.
Microchip encapsulation andmicroRNA‐7 overexpression of trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem/stromal cells improve motor function after spinal cord injury
Authors: Mohammadi Parvin , Nadri Samad , Abdanipour Alireza , Mortazavi Yousef 
Published: April 2023

AbstractManipulation of stem cells and microencapsulation through microfluidic chips has shown more promising results in treating complex conditions, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), than traditional treatments. This study aimed to investigate the potency of neural differentiation and its therapeutic role in SCI animal model of trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (TMMSCs) via miR‐7 overexpression and microchip‐encapsulated. TMMSCs are transduced with miR‐7 via a lentiviral vector (TMMSCs‐miR‐7[+]) and encapsulated in alginate‐reduced graphene oxide (alginate‐rGO) hydrogel via a microfluidic chip. Neuronal differentiation of transduced cells in hydrogel (3D) and tissue cultures plate (2D) was assessed by expressing specific mRNAs and proteins. Further evaluation is being carried out through 3D and 2D TMMSCs‐miR‐7(+ and −) transplantation into the rat contusion SCI model. TMMSCs‐miR‐7(+) encapsulated in the microfluidic chip (miR‐7‐3D) increased nestin, β‐tubulin III, and MAP‐2 expression compared with 2D culture. Moreover, miR‐7‐3D could improve locomotor behavior in contusion SCI rats, decrease cavity size, and increase myelination. Our results revealed that miR‐7 and alginate‐rGO hydrogel were involved in the neuronal differentiation of TMMSCs in a time‐dependent manner. In addition, the microfluidic‐encapsulated miR‐7 overexpression TMMSCs represented a better survival and integration of the transplanted cells and the repair of SCI. Collectively, the combination of miR‐7 overexpression and encapsulation of TMMSCs in hydrogels may represent a promising new treatment for SCI.
Triumphs and challenges in exploiting poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibition to combat triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Wooten Jonathan , Mavingire Nicole , Damar Katherine , Loaiza‐Perez Andrea , Brantley Eileen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) regulates a myriad of DNA repair mechanisms to preserve genomic integrity following DNA damage. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) confer synthetic lethality in malignancies with a deficiency in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) fail to respond to most targeted therapies because their tumors lack expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Certain patients with TNBC harbor mutations in HR mediators such as breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2), enabling them to respond to PARPi. PARPi exploits the synthetic lethality of BRCA‐mutant cells. However, de novo and acquired PARPi resistance frequently ensue. In this review, we discuss the roles of PARP in mediating DNA repair processes in breast epithelial cells, mechanisms of PARPi resistance in TNBC, and recent advances in the development of agents designed to overcome PARPi resistance in TNBC.
The relationship between having a usual source of primary care and COVID‐19 parental vaccine hesitancy: A nationwide survey among Japanese mothers
Authors: Ie Kenya , Kushibuchi Mio , Tsuchida Tomoya , Motohashi Iori , Hirose Masanori , Albert Steven M. , Kimura Miyako 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that a usual source of care increases the receipt of child preventive care; however, the relationship between having a usual source of primary care and COVID‐19 parental vaccine hesitancy has not been fully investigated. The aims of this study were to elucidate the characteristics of mothers with a primary care physician, and to explore the relationship between having a usual source of primary care and COVID‐19 parental vaccine hesitancy among mothers in Japan.MethodThis cross‐sectional survey‐based study included 4516 mothers. Using a chi‐square test, the characteristics of mothers with and without a primary care physician were compared. Poisson regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between having a usual source of primary care and parental COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy.ResultsMothers with a usual source of primary care had higher education, lower mental distress, had younger children, and were less hesitant toward the child's COVID‐19 vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy was observed in 39.8% of mothers with a usual source of primary care and 45.5% of those without. Poisson regression analysis showed that mothers with a primary care physician were less vaccine‐hesitant (IRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84–0.96) after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionThis study suggested that having a usual source of primary care may contribute to lower parental COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. However, the high vaccine hesitancy rate, even among mothers with a usual source of primary care, warrants healthcare providers to be equipped to help parents make informed decisions about vaccination through the continuity of care.
Show, don't tell: Education and physical exposure effects in remanufactured product markets
Authors: Abdulla Huseyn , Abbey James D. , Atalay A. Selin , Meloy Margaret G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the effectiveness of two theoretically and practically relevant interventions designed to increase familiarity with and thereby stimulate the appeal of and willingness to pay (WTP) for remanufactured (refurbished) consumer products that are often found repulsive by consumers: (1) educating consumers about the remanufacturing process, (2) providing physical exposure to remanufactured products. We find that education does not cause an increase in the appeal of and WTP for remanufactured consumer products. Providing physical exposure to remanufactured products, relative to text and text‐plus picture or video modalities, significantly increases both the appeal and WTP as a result of increasing perceived quality and decreasing disgust. Sellers can benefit from marketing remanufactured consumer products through physical channels (i.e., brick‐and‐mortar, outlet, showroom stores) as opposed to solely through online channels, which is the common practice among many sellers.
Citation tracking for systematic literature searching: A scoping review
Authors: Hirt Julian , Nordhausen Thomas , Appenzeller‐Herzog Christian , Ewald Hannah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCitation tracking (CT) collects references with citation relationships to pertinent references that are already known. This scoping review maps the benefit of and the tools and terminology used for CT in health‐related systematic literature searching. We included methodological studies on evidence retrieval by CT in health‐related literature searching without restrictions on study design, language, or publication date. We searched MEDLINE/Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL/EBSCOhost, LLISFT/EBSCOhost, LISTA/EBSCOhost, conducted web searching via Google Scholar, backward/forward CT of included studies and pertinent reviews, and contacting of experts. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility. Data extraction and analysis were performed by one reviewer and checked by another. We screened 11,861 references and included 47 studies published between 1985 and 2021. Most studies (96%) assessed the benefit of CT either as supplementary or primary/stand‐alone search method. Added value of CT for evidence retrieval was found by 96% of them. Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index were the most common citation indexes used. Application of multiple citation indexes in parallel, co‐citing or co‐cited references, CT iterations, or software tools was rare. CT terminology was heterogeneous and frequently ambiguous. The use of CT showed an added value in most of the identified studies; however, the benefit of CT in health‐related systematic literature searching likely depends on multiple factors that could not be assessed with certainty. Application, terminology, and reporting are heterogeneous. Based on our results, we plan a Delphi study to develop recommendations for the use and reporting of CT.
Detection, occupancy, and abundance of the alligator snapping turtle in Texas
Authors: Rosenbaum David , Saenz Daniel , Montaña Carmen G. , Zhang Yanli , Schalk Christopher M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a long‐lived species that is widely distributed across the southeastern United States. Both these characteristics make monitoring its occupancy and abundance particularly challenging. In 2020 and 2021, we conducted hoop trap surveys at 51 permanent water bodies across the Texas, USA, range of the species to estimate occupancy and average abundance with site occupancy models and multinomialN‐mixture models, respectively. We confirmed the species to be present at 61% of surveyed locations. Mean detection probability was 0.77, and was influenced methodologically by the spacing of traps, and environmentally by lunar phase and water flow velocity. Mean occupancy probability was 0.82, and mean estimated abundance was 7.57 turtles/site. Our data provided evidence that the species has a higher occurrence probability in waters of highly forested catchments, and is most probable to occur in highest abundances at median latitudes within its Texas range. Despite known microhabitat preferences of the species, instream habitat characteristics (e.g., canopy coverage, depth, sinuosity) did not strongly influence its occupancy or abundance. Spatial dynamics of the occupancy and abundance of the species in Texas are influenced by landscape features more than local habitat. These results further corroborate the importance of watershed land cover to aquatic organisms, and our methods provide a standardized template for monitoring and quantifying important demographic parameters of the species across multiple locations while accounting for imperfect detection.
Long non‐coding RNA DANCR alleviates acute myocardial infarction damage via regulating microRNA‐509‐5p/KLF transcription factor 13 pathway
Authors: Tian Yun‐Tao , Sun Hua‐Xin , Zhou Xian‐Hui , Tang Bao‐Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most important cause of death among cardiovascular diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely implicated in the regulation of AMI progression. Discrimination antagonizing nonprotein coding RNA (DANCR) alleviated hypoxia‐caused cardiomyocyte damages, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the function and mechanism of DANCR in hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocytes and AMI model by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, reactive oxygen species and adenosine triphosphate measurement, and mitochondrial activity determination. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay, immunoblotting, and qRT‐PCR were performed to validate the interactions between DANCR/miR‐509‐5p and miR‐509‐5p/Kruppel‐like factor 13 (KLF13). The role of DANCR was also verified in AMI model by overexpression. Our results showed that DANCR expression was significantly downregulated in hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocytes or AMI model. Overexpression of DANCR significantly alleviated mitochondrial damages, reduced inflammation, and improved cardiac function in the AMI model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR‐509‐5p/KLF13 axis mediated the protective effect of DANCR. The current study highlighted the critical role of DANCR in alleviating AMI progression through targeting the miR‐509‐5p/KLF13 signaling axis, suggesting that DANCR may serve as a potential diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for AMI.
Comparison of Ahiflower oil containing stearidonic acid to a high‐alpha‐linolenic acid flaxseed oil at two dietary levels on omega‐3 enrichment of egg yolk and tissues in laying hens
Authors: El‐Zenary Ahmed S. A. , Elkin Robert G. , Harvatine Kevin J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnrichment of egg yolks with very long chain omega‐3 fatty acids (VLCn‐3 FA) is of interest because of their beneficial effects on human health. The ability of Ahiflower® oil (AHI; Buglossoides arvensis), which is naturally rich in stearidonic acid (SDA), and a high‐alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) flaxseed (FLAX) oil to enrich eggs and tissues of laying hens with VLCn‐3 FA was investigated. Forty 54‐week‐old Hy‐Line W‐36 White Leghorn hens were fed a diet that contained soybean oil (control; CON) or AHI or FLAX oils at 7.5 or 22.5 g/kg of the diet in substitution for the soybean oil for 28 days. Dietary treatments had no effects on egg number or components or follicle development. Total VLCn‐3 FA contents of egg yolk, liver, breast, thigh, and adipose tissue were greater in the n‐3 treatments compared to CON, with the greatest increase observed at the higher oil level, especially for AHI oil which had the greater VLCn‐3 enrichment than FLAX in yolk (p < 0.001). Efficiency of VLCn‐3 enrichment of egg yolks was decreased with n‐3 oils and by increasing oil level with lowest efficiency at 22.5 g/kg FLAX. In conclusion, both SDA‐rich (AHI) and ALA‐rich (FLAX) oils increased VLCn‐3 FA deposition into egg yolks and hens' tissues, but dietary AHI oil promoted a greater enrichment than comparative amounts of FLAX oil, especially in liver and egg yolks.
Arbitrary Achromatic Polarization Control with Reconfigurable Metasurface Systems
Authors: Wang Evan W. , Yu Shang‐Jie , Phan Thaibao , Dhuey Scott , Fan Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDynamic control over the polarization state of light is foundational for many scientific and technological applications, yet it remains a challenge to dynamically tailor responses with arbitrary polarization bases over a broad bandwidth. Broadband metasurface systems that utilize microscale displacements between two metasurfaces to enable reconfigurable polarization responses within a predefined polarization basis are reported. The metasurface pairs form an interferometer, and the lateral displacements produce detour phase shifts within the interferometer beam paths that mediate polarization state tuning. It is shown how the metasurface systems can be designed using freeform topology optimization to enable tailorable elliptical birefringence responses over a large bandwidth and how cascaded metasurface systems can enable the mapping of input and output polarization states between any two points on the Poincare sphere. It is anticipated that these concepts will have utility in imaging, display, communications, and metrology applications in classical and quantum optical domains.