bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Stability Flexible Patterned Perovskite Optoelectronic Structures Fabricated by a Laser Pyrolysis Assisted Process
Authors: Zhang Qiurui , Wang Yihao , Zhang Haobo , Lei Jincheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFlexible patterned metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising to improve the perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices for applications in healthcare monitoring, flexible displays, solar cells, etc. However, their poor environmental stability and device robustness are the main obstacles for commercialization. Herein, a laser pyrolysis assisted process is developed to fabricate flexible patterned CsPbBr3 structures with high stability and flexibility. A CO2 laser is applied to micromachine the designed patterns on the flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by inducing the pyrolysis of PDMS. The CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) solution is precisely filled into the patterned PDMS substrates, and subsequently sealed by another layer of PDMS on the top. To ensure the surface smoothness of the patterned PDMS for CsPbBr3 QDs embedment, the mechanism of the laser pyrolysis process is investigated by characterizing the PDMS pyrolysis products obtained at different laser energy densities. To demonstrate the high stability of the fabricated flexible patterned CsPbBr3 structures, the photoluminescent (PL) spectra of the samples are monitored for 60 days both in air and in the water. The flexibility of the fabricated structures is estimated by monitoring their PL emission under applied tension and bending. These flexible patterned CsPbBr3 structures are promising for applications in flexible optical/optoelectronic devices.
Engineering residues on C interface to improve thermostability of nitrilase for biosynthesis of Pregabalin precursor
Authors: Lu Xia‐Feng , Tang Xiao‐Ling , Xu Chen‐Hui , Diao Hong‐Juan , Wu Zhe‐Ming , Zheng Ren‐Chao , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNitrilase‐mediated bioprocesses exhibited great potential in the production of value‐added carboxylic acids. However, poor thermostability of nitrilases usually restricts their industrial applications. Herein, the thermostability of nitrilase BaNITM0 was significantly improved by engineering the amino acid residues on the intersection of two dimers (C interface). Except for simultaneous enhancement of enantioselectivity and activity, the best variant V82L/M127I/L159M/F166Q/C237S/Q260H (BaNITM4) showed a 10.8‐fold increase in half‐life at 30°C compared with BaNITM0. Structural analysis demonstrated that additional hydrogen bonds were formed between the residues on the C interface, which strengthened the interactions of two symmetrical regions and spirals. Subsequently, the engineered nitrilase was immobilized onto epoxy resins LXTE‐603 and the immobilized nitrilase exhibited excellent stability over 12 repeated cycles, which indicated a great industrial potential for biosynthesis of Pregabalin precursor.
Direct Acylation of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with Aldehydes through N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis
Authors: Li Qing‐Zhu , Zeng Rong , Xu Peng‐Shuai , Jin Xin‐Hang , Xie Chuan , Yang Qi‐Chun , Zhang Xiang , Li Jun‐Long 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCatalytic acylation of organohalides with aldehydes is an ideal strategy for the direct synthesis of ketones. However, the utilization of unactivated alkyl halides in such a transformation remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we developed a cross‐coupling reaction of aldehydes with unactivated alkyl halides through N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. With this protocol, various ketones could be rapidly synthesized from readily available starting materials under mild conditions. This organocatalytic system was successfully applied in the late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutical derivatives. Mechanistic investigations suggest a closed‐shell nucleophilic substitution mechanism for this reaction.
Dearomatization of (Hetero)arenes through Photodriven Interplay between Polysulfide Anions and Formate**
Authors: Tan Eugene Yew Kun , Mat Lani Amirah S. , Sow Wayne , Liu Yuliang , Li Haoyu , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe facile construction of C(sp3)‐rich carbo‐ and heterocyclic compounds is a pivotal synthetic strategy to foster contemporary drug discovery programs. The downstream dearomatization of readily accessible two‐dimensional (2D) planar arenes represents a direct pathway towards accessing three‐dimensional (3D) aliphatic scaffolds. Here, we demonstrate that polysulfide anions are capable of catalyzing a dearomatization process of substituted naphthalenes, indoles, and other related heteroaromatic compounds in the presence of potassium formate and methanol under visible light irradiation. The developed protocol exhibits broad functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, scalability, and cost‐effectiveness, representing a practical and sustainable synthetic tool for the arene dearomatization.
Promoting Solar‐driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production over Thiazole‐based Conjugated Polymers via Generating and Converting Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Cheng Jingzhao , Wan Sijie , Cao Shaowen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from water and air provides a low‐cost and eco‐friendly alternative route to the traditional anthraquinone method. Herein, four thiazole‐based conjugated polymers (Tz‐CPs: TTz, BTz, TBTz and BBTz) are synthesized via aldimine condensation. BBTz exhibits the highest H2O2 production rate of 7274 μmol g−1 h−1 in pure water. Further, the reaction path is analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and theoretical calculation, highlighting the prominent role of singlet oxygen (1O2). The generation of 1O2 occurs through the oxidation of superoxide radical (⋅O2−) and subsequent conversion into endoperoxides via [4+2] cycloaddition over BBTz, which promotes charge separation and reduces the barrier for H2O2 production. This work provides new insight into the mechanism of photocatalytic O2 reduction and the molecular design of superior single‐polymer photocatalysts.
Diverse Coordination Geometries Derived from Trisaminocyclohexane Ligands with Appended Outer‐Sphere Hydrogen Bond Donors
Authors: Ekanayake Danushka M. , Sheridan Patrick E. , Lindeman Sergey V. , Fiedler Adam T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the aim of constructing hydrogen‐bonding networks in synthetic complexes, two new ligands derived from cis,cis‐1,3,5‐triaminocyclohexane (TACH) have been prepared that feature pendant pyrrole or indole rings as outer‐sphere H‐bond donors. The TACH framework offers a facial arrangement of three N‐donors, thereby mimicking common coordination motifs in the active sites of nonheme Fe and Cu enzymes. X‐ray structural characterization of a series of CuI‐X complexes (X=F, Cl, Br, NCS) revealed that these neutral ligands (H3LR, R=pyrrole or indole) coordinate in the intended facial N3 manner, yielding four‐coordinate complexes with idealized C3 symmetry. The N−H units of the outer‐sphere heterocycles form a hydrogen‐bonding cavity around the axial (pseudo)halide ligand, as verified by crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational analyses. Treatment of H3Lpyrrole and H3Lindole with divalent transition metal chlorides (MIICl2, M=Fe, Cu, Zn) causes one heterocycle to deprotonate and coordinate to the M(II) center, giving rise to tetradentate ligands with two remaining outer‐sphere H‐bond donors. Further ligand deprotonation is observed upon reaction with Ni(II) and Cu(II) salts with weakly coordinating counteranions. The reported complexes highlight the versatility of TACH‐based ligands with pendant H‐bond donors, as the resulting scaffolds can support multiple protonation states, coordination geometries, and H‐bonding interactions.
Spatial analysis of streamflow trends in burned watersheds across the western contiguous United States
Authors: Long Will B. , Chang Heejun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite increasing magnitude and frequency of wildfire, understanding hydrological processes contributing to changes in streamflow is not well examined for the entire western contiguous United States (WCONUS). This study provides insight into whether considering spatially varying watershed characteristics, including burn severity patterns, can better explain streamflow trends at broad spatial and temporal scales. Standard geographically weighted regression (GWR) and multi‐scalar (MS) GWR were benchmarked against ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to determine if spatially varying coefficients could better explain spatially varying patterns and processes of peak flow, low flow, center timing of flow, and flashiness trends in burned watersheds. In most cases, GWR reduced spatial autocorrelation and provided insight into regional factors explaining streamflow trends. Both OLS and GWR models did not find burn severity‐based metrics significant in explaining streamflow trends, except the peak flow trends model that included the spatial arrangement of high severity patches quantified using landscape shape index (LSI). Positive peak flow trends coincided with increasing LSI values in Northern California and negative peak flow trends with increasing LSI in the southern WCONUS. This research could guide regionally specific post‐fire response and inform the development of new spatial metrics that could better represent post‐fire hydrological processes.
Nitrogen removal performance in roadside stormwater bioretention cells amended with drinking water treatment residuals
Authors: Betz Carl , Ament Michael R. , Hurley Stephanie E. , Roy Eric D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBioretention cells, a type of green stormwater infrastructure, have been shown to reduce runoff volumes and remove a variety of pollutants. The ability of bioretention cells to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, however, is variable, and bioretention soil media can act as a net exporter of nutrients. This is concerning as excess loading of nitrogen and phosphorus can lead to eutrophication of surface waters, which green stormwater infrastructure is intended to ameliorate. Drinking water treatment residuals (DWTR), metal (hydr)oxide‐rich by‐products of the drinking water treatment process, have been studied as an amendment to bioretention soil media due to their high phosphorus sorption capacity. However, very few studies have specifically addressed the effects that DWTRs may have on nitrogen removal performance within bioretention cells. Here, we investigated the effects of DWTR amendment on nitrogen removal in bioretention cells treating stormwater in a roadside setting. We tested the capacity of three different DWTRs to either retain or leach dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the laboratory and also conducted a full‐scale field experiment where DWTR‐amended bioretention cells and experimental controls were monitored for influent and effluent nitrogen concentrations over two field seasons. We found that DWTRs alone exhibit some capacity to leach nitrate and ammonium, but when integrated into sand‐ and compost‐based bioretention soil media, DWTRs have little to no effect on the removal of nitrogen in bioretention cells. These results suggest that DWTRs can be used in bioretention media for enhanced phosphorus retention without the risk of contributing to nitrogen export in bioretention effluent.
Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus among children in Western Canada: Dynamic changes in genotype prevalence in four consecutive seasons
Authors: Zhuo Ran , Freedman Stephen B. , Xie Jianling , Charlton Carmen , Plitt Sabrina , Croxen Mathew A. , Li Vincent , Tarr Gillian A. M. , Lee Bonita , Ali Samina , Chui Linda , Luong Jasper , Pang Xiaoli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRotavirus molecular surveillance remains important in the postvaccine era to monitor the changes in transmission patterns, identify vaccine‐induced antigenic changes and discover potentially pathogenic vaccine‐related strains. The Canadian province of Alberta introduced rotavirus vaccination into its provincial vaccination schedule in June 2015. To evaluate the impact of this program on stool rotavirus positivity rate, strain diversity, and seasonal trends, we analyzed a prospective cohort of children with acute gastroenteritis recruited between December 2014 and August 2018. We identified dynamic changes in rotavirus positivity and genotype trends during pre‐ and post‐rotavirus vaccine introduction periods. Genotypes G9P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4], and G12P[8] predominated consecutively each season with overall lower rotavirus incidence rates in 2016 and 2017. The demographic and clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis were comparable among wild‐type rotaviruses; however, children with G12P[8] infections were older (p < 0.001). Continued efforts to monitor changes in the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus using whole genome sequence characterization are needed to further understand the impact of the selection pressure of vaccination on rotavirus evolution.
Amino Acid‐Derived Smart and Functional Polymers for Biomedical Applications: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Sahu Bhanendra , Banerjee Sanjib 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmino acid‐derived smart and functional polymers have emerged as a promising class of biomaterials for diverse biomedical applications. In recent years, a wide range of such polymers with different compositions, macromolecular architectures, and chain‐end functionalities are prepared. Such polymers exhibit responsiveness to different external stimuli like chemical, physical, or biochemical stimuli. These stimuli include temperature, pH, metal ions, light, glucose, redox, or a combination of these factors. Thus developed smart and functional amino acid‐derived polymers are employed in different biomedical and biotechnological applications including but not limited to tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, gene delivery, and biosensors. Herein, current state‐of‐the‐art and future perspectives of such amino acid‐derived smart and functional polymers are described, which may be useful for researchers working toward the development of new amino acid‐derived polymeric materials for the construction of the next generation of smart materials.
Superhydrophobic Thermoplastic Polyurethane Foam Fabricated by Phase Separation and Silica Coating for Oil‐Water Separation
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Zhang Jingna , Wang Yiding , Qin Shengxue , Pan Yamin , Tu Yongqiang , Liu Xianhu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOil spills and the presence of oily wastewater have resulted in substantial ecological damage. Superhydrophobic polymer foam with selectivity and adsorption capacity is a promising candidate for efficient oil‐water separation. In this study, a method that combines phase separation and silica coating to produce superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam is proposed. The TPU foam demonstrates superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 155.62°, and exhibits a maximum saturated adsorption capacity of 54.11 g g−1. Furthermore, the foam can be utilized as a filter for oil‐water separation, maintaining its filtration efficiency (41.2 m3 m2 h−1) even after ten filtration cycles.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Artifact Associated With Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Implants: Cholesteatoma and Vestibular Schwannoma Surveillance
Authors: Nassiri Ashley M. , Messina Steven A. , Benson John C. , Lane John I. , McGee Kiaran P. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) image artifact and image distortion associated with the two transcutaneous bone conduction implants currently available in the United States.Study DesignCadaveric study.MethodsTwo cadaveric head specimens (1 male, 1 female) were unilaterally implanted according to manufacturer guidelines and underwent MR imaging (General Electric and Siemens 1.5 T scanners) under the following device conditions: (1) no device, (2) Cochlear Osia with magnet and headwrap, (3) Cochlear Osia without magnet, and (4) MED‐EL Bonebridge with magnet. Maximum metal mitigation techniques were employed in all conditions, and identical sequences were obtained. Blinded image scoring (diagnostic vs nondiagnostic image) was performed by experienced neuroradiologists according to anatomical subsites.ResultsAll device conditions produced artifact and image distortion. The Osia with magnet produced diagnostic T1‐ and T2‐weighted images of the ipsilateral temporal bone, however, non‐echo planar imaging diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was nondiagnostic. The Osia without magnet scanned on the Siemens MR imaging demonstrated the least amount of artifact and was the only condition that allowed for diagnostic imaging of the ipsilateral temporal bone on DWI. The Bonebridge produced a large area of artifact and distortion with the involvement of the ipsilateral and contralateral temporal bones.ConclusionIn summary, of the three device conditions (Osia with magnet, Osia without magnet, and Bonebridge), Osia without magnet offered the least amount of artifact and distortion and was the only condition in which diagnostic DWI was available for the middle ear and mastoid regions on the Siemens MR imaging scanner.
Does Geographic Region of Away Rotations Predict Otolaryngology Match Outcomes?
Authors: Benjamin William J. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Mihalic Angela P. , Brenner Michael J. , Bohm Lauren A. , Thorne Marc C. , Kupfer Robbi A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether the geographic region where medical students complete an away rotation predicts the same site, region‐specific, or overall interview offers and match success in otolaryngology.Study DesignCross‐sectional.SettingUS medical schools.MethodsWe queried the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency database to analyze outcomes of otolaryngology applicants during the 2018 to 2020 and 2022 match cycles. Outcomes included a number of interviews offered, geographic location of interviews, and match results, including region‐specific and overall match success rate.ResultsOf 455 otolaryngology applicants, 402 (90.3%) completed an away rotation. Among these, 368 (91.8%) were offered an interview and 124 (30.9%) matched to the program where they completed an away rotation. Applicants who completed away rotations outside their home region received more interview offers from that region than those who did not (Northeast: 4.2 vs 2.9; South: 4.3 vs 3.0; Central: 4.8 vs 3.0; West: 3.8 vs 1.6, P < .01 for all). Completing a remote away rotation increased the odds of receiving an interview from and matching within that region. After excluding programs where an away rotation was completed, a remote away rotation increased the odds of receiving an interview in the central and western regions (Central: odds ratio [OR]: 1.2 [1.1, 1.5]); West OR: 1.9 [1.7, 2.2]; and the odds of matching in the western region (OR: 2.9 [1.2, 7.4], all P < .01).ConclusionAway rotations are associated with increased odds of interviewing and matching at that away program, with possible associations across the region, most evident for the West coast.
Functional and structural insights into human N‐deacetylase/N‐sulfotransferase activities
Authors: Vallet Sylvain D. , Annaval Thibault , Vives Romain R. , Richard Emeline , Hénault Jerome , Le Narvor Christine , Bonnaffé David , Priem Bernard , Wild Rebekka , Lortat‐Jacob Hugues 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide composed of a glucuronic acid (GlcA)‐N‐acetyl‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) disaccharide repeat motif, polymerized by the EXT1–EXT2 complex. It is extensively modified by a series of Golgi localized enzymes, that generate distinct saccharide sequences involved in the binding and the regulation of numerous protein partners. N‐deacetylase/N‐sulfotransferase (NDST), of which four isoforms have been identified in mammals, are involved in the first step of this process and catalyze both the N‐deacetylation of the GlcNAc residues into GlcNH2 and its re‐N‐sulfation into GlcNS residues. Further modifications of the HS chain depend on this first maturation event, NDST action is, therefore, key to HS biosynthesis. However, although the sulfotransferase domain of NDST1 has been characterized at the structural level some 20 years ago, information on the overall structure and activity of the enzyme are still lacking. Here, we report the characterization of the two most expressed NDSTs in humans, NDST1 and NDST2, and a model structure of NDST1 homodimer using cryoelectron microscopy combined with AlphaFold2 modeling. Structure‐driven mutagenesis along with two bioassays to follow the protein activities allowed us to characterize the kinetics of the deacetylation and sulfoaddition and to identify the residue H529 as necessary for N‐deacetylation. These results shed light on a poorly understood family of enzymes and will help deciphering the molecular basis for HS and heparin maturation.
Development of quantitative detection method for mass spectrometry coupled to an infrared laser spectroscope (Picarro) to monitor in nitrogen matrix a complex gas mixture of H2, He, CO, N2, Ne, O2, Ar, CO2, H2S, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8, i‐C4H10, n‐C4H10, and C5H12
Authors: Keita Seny , Noirez Sonia , Berthe Guillaume , Vinsot Agnes , Kim Byeong Seok , Mascle Matthieu , Lundy Mélanie , Garcia Bruno 
Published: August 2023

RationaleThe deep geological repository is considered the international reference for radioactive waste management. All gas exchanges must be understood in the context of the feasibility of such a repository. The technological challenge is to continuously monitor a wide range of gaseous molecules at low concentrations in confined spaces.MethodsA gas monitoring station, composed of two complementary analyzers, was developed: an electron impact quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPR‐20 R&D Hiden Analytical) and an infrared laser spectroscope (Picarro). The spectrometer was calibrated using simple mixtures (i.e., C2H6 in N2) and multiple mixtures (i.e., H2, He, CO2, CH4, and O2 in N2) at different concentrations to correct interferences. A matrix calculation is proposed to calculate the relative concentrations.ResultsThe method developed allows the measurement of gaseous species: light hydrocarbons, noble gases, sulfides, greenhouse gases, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen in the same mixture. For each gas, the SDs and the limits of detection and quantification were calculated. The method was validated by comparing the concentrations of the measured gas species with the reference values of two standard gas cylinders.ConclusionsCalibration of a complex gas mixture remains a challenge because fragmentation of molecules, especially hydrocarbons, reduces the sensitivity of the method. The method developed is suitable for continuous gas monitoring in a confined environment and can be implemented to perform experiments in underground structures: galleries, microtunnels (cells), and boreholes.
Atypical distal tracheal fibrous bridge and bronchial stenosis in an adult patient with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Wadiwala Ishaq J. , Yu Lee‐Mateus Alejandra , Alhayek Bakr , Abia‐Trujillo David , Chadha Ryan , Hazelett Britney N. , Fernandez‐Bussy Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTracheobronchial stenosis (TBS) in adults derives from congenital and acquired conditions, including prolonged mechanical intubation, expiratory central airway collapse, infectious or inflammatory disease, and malignancy. The most common clinical presentation is shortness of breath, recurrent infections, and chronic cough. TBS is usually diagnosed via computed tomography or bronchoscopy, with the latter doubling as a therapeutic tool. We present a case of an atypical fibrotic bridge connecting the walls of the distal trachea and fibrotic bronchial stenosis treated with electrocautery knife and balloon dilation, in an adult patient with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.