bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative effect of impaired fasting glucose on the risk of dementia in middle-aged and elderly people: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yu Jin , Lee Kyu-Na , Kim Hun-Sung , Han Kyungdo , Lee Seung-Hwan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The relationship between prediabetes and dementia remains controversial. We aimed to examine the association between cumulative exposure to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and the risk of dementia in the general population. 1,463,066 middle-aged and elderly subjects who had had health examinations for four consecutive years were identified from a Korean nationwide population-based cohort database. IFG was defined as fasting blood glucose 100–125 mg/dL, and the risk of dementia—according to the number of IFG exposure (range 0–4)—was analyzed using the multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model. During the median 6.4 years of follow-up, 7,614 cases of all-cause dementia, 5,603 cases of Alzheimer’s disease, and 1,257 cases of vascular dementia occurred. There was a significant trend towards a higher risk of all-cause dementia (P for trend = 0.014) and Alzheimer’s disease (P for trend = 0.005) according to the cumulative exposure to IFG, but with a modest (approximately 7 to 14%) increase in the hazards. A significant stepwise increase in the risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease was seen in non-obese subjects, whereas no significant association was observed in obese subjects. This study supports the association between prediabetes and incident dementia and emphasizes that even mild hyperglycemia should not be overlooked.
Regulation of Base Excision Repair during Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Min , Jang Hyun-Jin , Baek Song-Yi , Choi Kyung-Jin , Han Dong-Hee , Sung Jung-Suk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into various lineages, such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and neuronal lineages. It has been shown that the high-efficiency DNA-repair capacity of hMSCs is decreased during their differentiation. However, the underlying its mechanism during adipogenesis and osteogenesis is unknown. Herein, we investigated how alkyl-damage repair is modulated during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, especially focusing on the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Response to an alkylation agent was assessed via quantification of the double-strand break (DSB) foci and activities of BER-related enzymes during differentiation in hMSCs. Adipocytes showed high resistance against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced alkyl damage, whereas osteoblasts were more sensitive than hMSCs. During the differentiation, activities and protein levels of uracil-DNA glycosylase were found to be regulated. In addition, ligation-related proteins, such as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and DNA polymerase β, were upregulated in adipocytes, whereas their levels and recruitment declined during osteogenesis. These modulations of BER enzyme activity during differentiation influenced not only DNA repair efficiency but also the accumulation of DSBs as repair intermediates in the nucleus. Taken together, we suggest that BER enzymatic activity is regulated in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and these alterations in the BER pathway lead to different responses to alkyl damage from those in hMSCs.
Discovery of a novel bacterial class with the capacity to drive sulfur cycling and microbiome structure in a paleo-ocean analog
Authors: Vigneron Adrien , Vincent Warwick , Lovejoy Connie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Uncultivated microbial taxa represent a large fraction of global microbial diversity and likely drive numerous biochemical transformations in natural ecosystems. Geographically isolated, polar ecosystems are complex microbial biomes and refuges of underexplored taxonomic and functional biodiversity. Combining amplicon sequencing with genome-centric metagenomic analysis of samples from one of the world’s northernmost lakes (Lake A, Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic), we identified a novel bacterial taxon that dominates in the bottom layer of anoxic, sulfidic, relict sea water that was isolated from the Arctic Ocean some 3000 years ago. Based on phylogenomic comparative analyses, we propose that these bacteria represent a new Class within the poorly described Electryoneota/AABM5-125-24 candidate phylum. This novel class, for which we propose the name Tariuqbacteria, may be either a relict of ancient ocean conditions or endemic to this High Arctic system, provisionally providing a rare example of high-taxonomy level endemism. Consistent with the geochemistry of the bottom water, the genetic composition of the Candidatus Tariuqbacter genome revealed a strictly anaerobic lifestyle with the potential for sulfate and sulfur reduction, a versatile carbon metabolism and the capability to eliminate competing bacteria through methylarsenite production, suggesting an allelochemical influence on microbiome structure by this planktonic microbe.
Infectivity and stress tolerance traits underlie phenotypic clustering in communities of plant pathogenic fungi
Authors: Choi Soyoung , Yang Jung-Wook , Kim Jung-Eun , Jeon Hosung , Shin Soobin , Wui Dayoun , Kim Lee Seul , Son Hokyoung , Min Kyunghun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding how ecological communities assemble is an urgent research priority. In this study, we used a phylogenetic community ecology approach to examine how ecological and evolutionary processes shape biodiversity patterns of plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium graminearumand F. asiaticum. High-throughput screening revealed that the isolates had a wide range of phenotypic variation in stress tolerance traits. The low phylogenetic signals in stress tolerance traits suggested that Fusarium species rapidly and divergently evolve these traits among related taxa. Our results indicate that co-occurring strains were more likely to be similar in stress tolerance than expected by chance. Competition assays of the pooled strains were conducted to investigate the cause of clustering. During stress conditions and wheat colonization, only a few strains dominated the fungal communities, resulting in reduced diversity. Overall, our findings support the modern coexistence theory that abiotic stress and competition lead to phenotypic and phylogenetic similarities among coexisting organisms by excluding large, low-competitive clades. We suggest that agricultural environments and competition for host infection lead to locally clustered communities of plant pathogenic fungi in the field.
Impact of Increased Telemedicine Usage During Covid-19 on Residency Training and Implications for Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Park Agnes , Phillips Zoe , Johnston Rhonda , Dembitzer Anne , Jay Melanie , Zabar Sondra , Horlick Margaret , Altshuler Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented and rapid increase in virtual care visits. Previous literature on telehealth centered clinician and patient perceptions, with limited attention to telehealth’s influence on residents’ clinical education. This works aims to explore the perspectives of Internal Medicine (IM) residents on clinical training amidst the transition to telehealth and identify competencies specific to virtual care.
Methods
In March 2021, post-graduate year (PGY 1 – PGY3) IM residents at the Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center in March 2021 were invited to participate in focus groups as part of standard program evaluation. Issues explored include patient relationships, clinical decision-making, and preceptor use. Focus group recordings were transcribed and thematically analyzed.
Results
26 residents participated in three focus groups. Themes were categorized into five domains: 1) building patient relationships, 2) using remote technology, 3) conducting physical exams, 4) decision-making, and 5) interacting with supervisors. Participants felt able to maintain relationships with pre-existing patients, though some expressed concerns about privacy and difficulty connecting with new patients. Many found evaluating physical concerns difficult and thus were more hesitant to make diagnoses. Preceptors were not present during tele-visits which precluded real-time support when participants encountered uncertainty. Participants had a higher threshold for asking their preceptors questions and making changes in management plans after tele-visits were concluded.
Conclusions
Our findings support the need to establish new clinical training standards. Trainees need guidance for navigating remote decision-making and care management; structured preceptor protocols can improve trainee education and quality patient care.
Ligand-Enabled Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Amino Acids and Glycolic Acids Derivatives
Authors: Qi Shutao , Ye Wenshao , Hua Yunkai , Pan Liangkai , Yang Junfeng , Zhang Junliang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Quaternary amino acids and glycolic acids, in which the all-substituted carbon stereocenters are adjacent to the carbonyl groups, are widespread in many biologically relevant compounds and pharmaceuticals. One specific case, α-quaternary amino acid, plays a crucial role as modifiers of peptide conformation, compared with natural amino acids. There are numerous methods on enantioselective alkylation at the α-carbon of these compounds. However, the asymmetric arylation at the α-carbon is synthetically challenging. This report describes two individual protocols for the rapid synthesis of optically active α-aryl quaternary amino acids and glycolic acids derivatives, respectively, by Pd catalysis and two unique Sadphos ligands. The methods employ two common heterocycles, azalactones and 5H-oxazol-4-ones, as amino acids and glycolic acids precursors and show a broad scope, high yields and excellent enantioselectivity. Analyses of the transition-state structures via Noncovalent interaction, Energy decomposition analyses (EDA) and natural bond orbital (NBO) reveals that CH···O interactions between the ligand and carbonyl group in the substrate play a critical role in the efficient stereocontrol.
Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and minimal detectable change (MDC) of Spinal Cord Ability Ruler (SCAR)
Authors: Tongprasert Siam , Chaidaroon Chananan , Phinyo Phichayut , Pattanakuhar Sintip 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives: To find minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and minimal detectable change (MDC) of Spinal Cord Ability Ruler (SCAR) in Thai participants with spinal cord injury (SCI)
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study
Setting: Rehabilitation ward at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital
Methods: Data of individuals with SCI who were not diagnosed with central cord syndrome and were admitted for the first time of rehabilitation were analyzed. Upper extremities motor score, self-care and mobility items of Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III were collected and used to calculate SCAR difference between data on date of admission and discharge. MCID and MDC were calculated by distribution-based method and categorized for each subgroup according to SCI characteristics.
Results: From data of 311 individuals, MCID of SCAR is approximately 4 for individual with tetraplegia AIS A, B, C; and individual with AIS D at any level, and 2 for individual with paraplegia AIS A, B, C. MDC of SCAR should be 1 for individual with tetraplegia AIS A, B, C; and individual with AIS D at any level and 0.5 for individual with paraplegia AIS A, B, C.
Conclusion: This study provides MCID and MDC of SCAR in each subgroup. These values could be used as a benchmark for clinician and researcher to determine whether participant has significant improvement or not after receiving an intervention.
Seasonal, Age- and Sex-dependent Variations in Serum Vitamin D Concentrations in Children and Adolescents and their Relevance for Future Health
Authors: Hower Jürgen , Novo Anne Stockem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Except for the first year of life, when infants are fully supplemented with 400 IU vitamin D, we found seasonal and age-dependent vitamin D distribution patterns for all age groups. The age groups between 2 and 9 years (grouped in 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, and 8-9 years) showed a positive deviation, and the age groups between 10-15 years showed a negative deviation from the mean curve over all age groups. The time frame between 10-15 years is associated with puberty, and the lower serum concentrations may indicate a higher conversion rate of 25(OH)-vitamin D into 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. The pubertal decrease in serum vitamin D concentrations between boys and girls differs significantly in time, length, and magnitude. As puberty starts and ends earlier in girls than in boys, this difference may suggest that puberty is possibly among others a causal factor for the observed drop in serum vitamin D concentrations. Vitamin D deficiency especially in critical growth periods may hamper bone and immune health which has so far not been sufficiently considered. The dilemma of multiple factors and their influence on distribution curves can probably only be solved by using machine learning programs, which may be better suited to take multiple determinants into account to provide reliable data to achieve adequate Vitamin D supplementation.
The associations among sunshine exposure, D supplementation and serum vitamin D concentrations are well known. Guidelines for dietary intake and serum concentrations are intended to limit the population risk of vitamin D deficiency. Present recommendations have been widely unsuccessful in achieving vitamin D sufficiency in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Specific age-dependent seasonal D distribution curves do not exist, but they would allow an evidence-based estimate of vitamin D requirements for boys and girls in different stages of development.
In a secondary analysis of the first wave (May 2003-May 2006) of the nationwide representative German KiGGS Study (Study on the Health of Children and Adolescents in Germany), we reanalysed data from 10,015 participants to investigate the seasonal variations in serum vitamin D concentrations for children and adolescents within two-year age intervals to increase our understanding of the relationship between serum vitamin D concentrations and child development in both sexes.
Change of prescription for patients with schizophrenia or major depressive disorder during admission: Real-world evidence from the Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education psychiatric treatment project
Authors: Hashimoto Naoki , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Hasegawa Naomi , Ishikawa Shuhei , Hori Hikaru , Iida Hitoshi , Ichihashi Kayo , Miura Kenichiro , Matsumoto Junya , Numata Shusuke , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Furihata Ryuji , Ohi Kazutaka , Ogasawara Kazuyoshi , Iga Jun-ichi , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Komatsu Hiroshi , Takeshima Masahiro , Atake Kiyokazu , Kido Mikio , Nakamura Toshinori , Kishimoto Taishiro , Hishimoto Akitoyo , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Okada Tsuyoshi , Ochi Shinichiro , Nagasawa Tatsuya , Makinodan Manabu , Yamada Hiroki , Tsuboi Takashi , Yamada Hisashi , Inada Ken , Watanabe Koichiro , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background

Polypharmacy of additional psychotropics alongside the main treatment drug (antipsychotics in schizophrenia and antidepressants in major depressive disorder) is common in Japan. Our goal is to align psychotropic prescription in Japan with international standards, while reducing the differences between facilities. To achieve this goal, we aimed to compare prescriptions at the time of hospital admission and discharge.

Methods

Data on prescriptions at admission and discharge from 2016 to 2020 were collected. We divided the patients into four groups: 1) mono_mono group, monotherapy of the main drug at admission and discharge; 2) mono_poly group, monotherapy at admission and polypharmacy at discharge; 3) poly_poly group, polypharmacy at admission and discharge; and 4) poly_mono group, polypharmacy at admission and monotherapy at discharge. We compared the changes in dosage and number of psychotropics among the four groups.

Results

For both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, the patients who received monotherapy with the main drug at admission were likely to receive main drug monotherapy at discharge and vice versa. For schizophrenia, the polypharmacy was prescribed more often in the mono_poly group than that in the mono_mono group. The prescription was not changed at all for more than 10% of the patients.

Conclusions

It is critical to avoid a polypharmacy regimen to ensure that guideline-compliant treatment is provided. We expect higher rates of monotherapy with the main drug after the EGUIDE lectures.
Trial registration:The study protocol was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Registry(UMIN000022645).
Rapid growth and high cloud-forming potential of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol in a thermal power plant plume during COVID lockdown in India
Authors: Gunthe Sachin S. , Singh Aishwarya , Raj Subha S. , Panda Upasana , Kommula Snehitha , Jose Christi , Liu Tianjia , Huang Shan , Swain Basudev , Pohlker Mira , Villegas Ernesto , Ojha Narendra , Vaishya Aditya , Bigi Alessandro , Krishna R. Ravi , Zhu Qiao , Shi Liuhua , Allan James , Martin Scot T. , McFiggans Gordon , Andreae Meinrat , Pöschl Ulrich , Coe Hugh , Bianchi Federico , Su Hang , Kanawade Vijay , Liu Pengfei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The COVID lockdown presented a unique opportunity to study the anthropogenic emissions from different sectors under relatively cleaner conditions in India. The complex interplays of power production, industry, and transport could be dissected due to the significantly reduced influence of the latter two emission sources. Here, based on measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols during the lockdown, we report an episodic event showing rapid growth and high hygroscopicity of new aerosol particles formed in the SO2 plume from a large coal-fired power plant. These sulfate-rich particles had high CCN activity and number concentration, indicating high cloud-forming potential. Examining the sensitivity of CCN properties under relatively clean conditions over India provides important new clues to delineate contributions of different anthropogenic emission sectors and further to understand their perturbations of past and future climate forcing.
Improving the creation of SiV centers in diamond via sub-μs pulsed annealing treatment
Authors: Tzeng Yan-Kai , Ke Feng , Jia Chunjing , Liu Yayuan , Park Sulgiye , Frost Mungo , Cai Xinxin , Ewing Rodney , Mao Wendy , Cui Yi , Devereaux Thomas P. , Lin Yu , Chu Steven 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond are emerging as promising quantum emitters in applications such as quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate a sub-μs pulsed annealing treatment that dramatically increases the photoluminescence of SiV centers in diamond. Using a silane-functionalized adamantane precursor and a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, the temperature and energy conditions required to form SiV centers in diamond were mapped out via an optical thermometry system with an accuracy of ± 50 K and a 1 μs temporal resolution. Annealing scheme studies reveal that pulsed annealing can obviously minimize the migration of SiV centers out of the diamond lattice, and a 2.5-fold increase in the number of emitting centers was achieved using a series of 200-ns pulses at 50 kHz repetition rate via acousto-optic modulation. Our study provides a novel pulsed annealing treatment approach to improve the efficiency of the creation of SiV centers in diamond.
Open wedge supramalleolar osteotomy versus 3D printing patient-specific guides for varus ankle osteoarthritis: A retrospective case control study
Authors: Shi Zhongmin , Chen Cheng , Wang Cheng , Li Xueqian , Fu Shaoling , Wang Jiazheng , Wu Chenglin , Liu Fei , Gu Wenqi , Song Guoxun , Zhang Jieyuan , Jiang Jiantao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose

Degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the ankle is a chronic disease that can severely limit function and cause debilitating pain, and with the development of digital medicine, 3D printing patient-specific instrumentation has been used in many subjects. The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 3D-printed patient-specific guides with the traditional open- wedge supramalleolar osteotomy .

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 10 patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis treated by open wedge supramalleolar osteotomy via 3D patient-specific instrument (PSI group) and 14 patients treated via the traditional method (control group). The demographic data and the pre- and post-operative TAS, TT, TLS angle were recorded. The AOFAS and VAS score were acquired pre-operatively and at the last follow-up time.

Results

All patients were obtained after surgery 49.4 ± 8.3 months (36–62) follow-up. The TAS, TT, TLS angle and VAS, AOFAS score was comparable pre-operatively between two groups(p＞0.05). The VAS and AOFAS score was statistically improved at the last follow-up time in both cohorts. And the TAS angle was significantly increased post-operatively in the overall cohort. The TT,TLS angle was also ameliorated, though insignificantly. The intraoperative fluoroscopy time, estimated blood loss, and operating time was statistically less in the PSI group in the two cohorts. The post-operative TAS, TT, TLS angle and VAS, AOFAS score at the last follow-up time was comparable between the two cohorts.

Conclusion

3D-printed patient-specific guides have a short operation time, low intraoperative blood loss and less fluoroscopy frequency. Patient-specific guides can assist in facilitating doctor-patient communication, shortening the learning curve, reducing surgery time, and correcting varus deformity accurately. And the functional outcome was non-inferior to the traditional method.
Application of 3D printing positioning technology in parasagittal meningioma surgery: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Li Shiwei , Chen Maosong , Wang Hongcai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective: To assess the utility of 3D printing positioning technology for resection of parasagittal meningioma.
Methods:Information related to clinical history, application of 3D printing positioning technology, neuroimaging, surgical related information and postoperative hospital days of consecutive patients with parasagittal meningioma between January 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether the 3D printing positioning technology was applied. The values between groups were statistically compared.
Results: A total of 41 patients were enrolled. In cases using 3D printing positioning technology (14 patients), the location of craniotomy was much better and the postoperative hospital stay was much shorter.
Conclusion: The application of 3D printing positioning technology in parasagittal meningioma surgery could improve the location of craniotomy, and reduce the postoperative hospital stay. It is a low-cost positioning technology, and has the potential to be applied to other superficial intracranial tumors.