bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastrojejunostomy versus robotic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Pawa Rishi , Koutlas Nicholas J , Russell Greg , Shen Perry , Pawa Swati 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesMalignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) has traditionally been managed with enteral stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy. Our study aimed to compare outcomes between endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS‐GJ) using a lumen‐apposing metal stent and robotic GJ (R‐GJ) for unresectable malignant GOO.MethodsPatients undergoing EUS‐GJ or R‐GJ for unresectable malignant GOO were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was clinical success defined by the ability to tolerate oral intake at the time of discharge. Secondary outcomes included technical success, procedure duration, adverse events, and post‐procedure length of stay (LOS).ResultsA total of 44 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of the 44, 29 underwent EUS‐GJ and 15 underwent R‐GJ. Age, gender, malignant etiology, and presence of ascites were similar between the two groups. Patients treated with EUS‐GJ had a higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (10.3 vs. 7.0; p ≤ 0.0001) and a lower preoperative body mass index (22.3 vs. 27.2; p = 0.007). Technical and clinical success was achieved in 100% of patients in both groups (p > 0.99). EUS‐GJ was associated with shorter procedure duration (57.5 vs. 146.3 min; p < 0.0001), hospital LOS (4.3 vs. 8.2 days, p = 0.0009), and time to oral intake (1.0 vs. 5.8 days; p < 0.0001) when compared to R‐GJ. Adverse events occurred in 5 of the R‐GJ patients and none of the EUS‐GJ patients (p = 0.003).ConclusionsEUS‐GJ has similar efficacy and superior clinical outcomes compared to R‐GJ in the management of malignant GOO. Prospective studies with longer follow‐up duration are needed to validate these findings.
Droplet orthogonal impact on nonuniform wettability surfaces
Authors: Moitra Shashwata , Elsharkawy Mohamed , Russo Antonio , Sarkar Sreya , Ganguly Ranjan , Asinari Pietro , Megaridis Constantine M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe vast majority of prior studies on droplet impact have focused on collisions of liquid droplets with spatially homogeneous (i.e., uniform‐wettability) surfaces. But in recent years, there has been growing interest on droplet impact on nonuniform wettability surfaces, which are more relevant in practice. This paper presents first an experimental study of axisymmetric droplet impact on wettability‐patterned surfaces. The experiments feature millimeter‐sized water droplets impacting centrally with on a flat surface that has a circular region of wettability (Area 1) surrounded by a region of wettability (Area 2), where (i.e., outer domain is less wettable than the inner one). Depending upon the droplet momentum at impact, the experiments reveal the existence of three possible regimes of axisymmetric spreading, namely (I) interior (only within Area 1) spreading, (II) contact‐line entrapment at the periphery of Area 1, and (III) exterior (extending into Area 2) spreading. We present an analysis based on energetic principles for , and further extend it for cases where (i.e., the outer domain is more wettable than the inner one). The experimental observations are consistent with the scaling and predictions of the analytical model, thus outlining a strategy for predicting droplet impact behavior for more complex wettability patterns.
Effects of sea cucumber fishing on tropical seagrass productivity
Authors: Watkins Hannah V. , Munger Rachel B. , Côté Isabelle M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFishing can drive major ecological change in coastal ecosystems and is typically examined through top‐down trophic impacts. However, the massive removal of biomass can also disrupt key ecological bottom‐up processes, though how these effects shape ecosystems is poorly understood. Here, we examined the ecological roles of two species of commercially exploited sea cucumbers thought to promote primary productivity in nutrient‐poor environments through nutrient provisioning and sediment processing. Using a large‐scale field experiment, we tested whether simulated sea cucumber fishing affected seagrass productivity in a natural system comprising reef and seagrass patches that varied in abundance of vertebrate nutrient providers (i.e., fishes). Our findings were scale‐ and metric‐specific: while we could not detect a change in patch‐level seagrass productivity in response to simulated sea cucumber fishing, individual leaf extension rates were ~15% lower at sites where all sea cucumbers were removed, relative to the highest density, unfished sites. Interestingly, there was no concomitant effect of nutrients from the more abundant reef‐associated fishes, which contribute far more nutrients overall than sea cucumbers. This suggests that sea cucumbers are likely mediating seagrass growth through mechanisms other than direct nutrient provisioning, perhaps through processes associated with sediment processing. Our study demonstrates the potential consequences of under‐regulated and unmonitored sea cucumber fishing on foundation species like seagrasses, while highlighting the importance of taking a community‐based approach to these types of field experiments.
Northeast Pacific eelgrass fish communities characterized by environmental DNA represent local diversity and show habitat specificity
Authors: Beatty Deanna S. , Deen Emma , Gross Collin , Stachowicz John J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFish biodiversity is an important indicator of ecosystem health and a priority for the National Park Service in Drakes Estero, a shallow estuary within Point Reyes National Seashore, Marin County, California. However, fish diversity has yet to be described following the removal of oyster aquaculture infrastructure within Drakes Estero from 2016 to 2017. We used environmental DNA (eDNA) to characterize fish biodiversity within Drakes Estero. We amplified fish eDNA with MiFish primers and classified sequences with a 12S rRNA reference database. We identified 110 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs, at 97% similarity) within the estuary from 40 samples across 4 sites. From these 110 OTUs, we identified 9 species and 13 taxonomic groups at the genus, family, order, or class level within the estuary. Species‐level assignments are limited by a lack of representative sequences targeted by the MiFish primers for 42% of eelgrass fishes in our region that we identified from a literature review in the Northeast Pacific (NEP) from Elkhorn Slough to Humboldt Bay. Despite this limitation, we identified some common Drakes Estero fishes with our eDNA surveys, including the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus), surfperches (Embiotocidae), gobies (Gobiidae), and a hound shark (Triakidae). We also compared fish biodiversity within the estuary with that from nearby Limantour Beach, a coastal site. Limantour beach differed in community composition from Drakes Estero and was characterized by high relative abundances of anchovy (Engraulis sp.) and herring (Clupea sp.). Thus, we can distinguish estuarine and non‐estuarine sites (<10 km away) with eDNA surveys. Further, eDNA surveys accounted for greater fish diversity than seine surveys conducted at one site within the estuary. Environmental DNA surveys will likely be a useful tool to monitor fish biodiversity across eelgrass estuaries in the Northeast Pacific, especially as reference databases become better populated with regional species.
Steric Influence on the Constitution of Beryllium Phosphine Complexes
Authors: Buchner Magnus R. , Ivlev Sergei I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe phosphine complexes of beryllium chloride, bromide and iodide, [(PMe2Ph)2BeX2], [(PMePh2)2BeX2] and [(PPh3)BeX2]2 (X=Cl, Br, I) were prepared and characterised with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Additionally the molecular structure of dinuclear [(PPh3)BeCl2]2 was determined with single crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. The threshold cone angle of the phosphines, below which two ligands can coordinate to the beryllium dihalide fragments, is between 136° and 145°. Halide‐chloride exchange in dichloromethane is observed for [(PPh3)BeBr2]2 and [(PPh3)BeI2]2, which leads to the formation of [(PPh3)BeCl2]2. Due to the relatively low Lewis basicity of PPh3, it almost exclusively acts as a spectator ligand with only little formation of phosphonium cations.
Bimetallic Al(III) Compounds as Catalysts for the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyesters and Polycarbonates
Authors: Roy Sourav Singha , Sarkar Sriparna , Sudhadevi Antharjanam P. K. , Chakraborty Debashis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEthylenediamine bridged benzoxazine proligands were synthesized by a modified Mannich condensation reaction. The reaction of the proligands with two equivalents of AlMe3 resulted in the formation of dinuclear Al(III) compounds in high yield and purity. When the ligand binds to the Al(III) center, it forms two separate six‐membered N,O‐chelates with the two Al atoms that resembles the N‐alkylated salan moiety. Each aluminum atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry as revealed from the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of 1. The catalytic activity of these aluminum compounds was investigated towards the ROP of rac‐LA and ROCOP of epoxides (PO, CHO, tBuGE) and phthalic anhydride and ROCOP of CHO with CO2. These aluminum compounds showed notable catalytic activity towards the ROP and ROCOP reactions in the absence of cocatalyst.
Synthesis of Pyrazoloazepines from 5‐Aminopyrazoles and Study of Their Cytotoxicity in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Pavilek Branislav , Bortňák Dušan , Šofranko Jakub , Šofranková Lucia , Špaldová Jana , Elefantová Katarína , Olejníková Petra , Žídeková Ivana , Végh Daniel , Dokupilová Svetlana , Mikuš Peter , Breier Albert , Milata Viktor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe novel synthetic approach was employed to synthesize a series of 1,8‐dihydropyrazolo[3,4‐b]azepine derivatives from 5‐aminopyrazoles in three‐step synthesis. The structures of the individual derivatives were unambiguously confirmed by spectral methods, including heteronuclear 1H−13C HMBC spectra and other necessary 2D NMR experiments. The obtained pyrazoloazepines and starting aminopyrazoles were subsequently investigated for their potential cytotoxic effect using mouse and human leukemia cell models. The original L1210 (mouse lymphoblastic), MOLM‐13, and SKM‐1 (both human myeloblastic) cell lines and their P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expressing cell variants were used. Aminopyrazole 8 was the most effective on murine leukemic lymphoblasts (L1210), while it had a greater effect on P‐gp expressing cells. In contrast, on human leukemic myeloblasts (MOLM‐13, SKM‐1), Aminopyrazoles 10 showed the most pronounced effect, but this was independent of the presence of P‐gp in the cells.
Assessment of homogeneous hybrid advanced oxidation process for degradation ofpara‐nitrophenol
Authors: Noroozi Rozhin , Motie Abolfazl , Azimi Seyedeh Bahareh , Mehralipour Jamal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, degradation and mineralization ofpara‐nitrophenol in the aqueous medium by a mixture of two strong oxidants of persulfate and periodate have been studied. To this aim, a photo‐reactor with a volume of 1 L has been used. Optimization and modeling of the process was performed by the response surface methodology. According to the prediction of the model, the process has an ability to removepara‐nitrophenol up to 91.6% in the optimal conditions ofpara‐nitrophenol initial concentration of 15 mg/L, [KPS] = 50 mg/L, [KPI] = 49.7 mg/L, and pH = 5 after 40 min. Assessment of the mineralization ofpara‐nitrophenol under optimal conditions showed an efficiency of about 57%, while parallel processes alone (UV and UV/KPS and UV/KPI) showed lower mineralization efficiency. Also, the kinetic study showed that the results were fitted with a pseudo‐first‐order equation with a regression coefficient of 0.97 and rate constant of 0.052 (L/min). Moreover, the electrical energy consumption for the process was calculated as 110.77 (kWh/m3) in the optimum condition. In general, the results of this work showed that the use of the homogeneous hybrid AOP methods increases the efficiency of the mineralization.
GmTNRP1, associated with rhizobial type‐III effector NopT, regulates nitrogenase activity in the nodules of soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Ma Chao , Liu Chunyan , Yu Yanyu , Ma Shengnan , Pan Siyang , Feng Haojie , Chen Qingshan , Xin Dawei , Wu Xiaoxia , Wang Jinhui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoybean is a rich source of protein and oil for humans. It forms a symbiotic association with rhizobia to fix atmospheric nitrogen for its growth and development. Rhizobial type‐III effectors act as important signaling molecules in symbiosis. However, they are poorly studied. In this study, mutation of TtsI in Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 reduced nodule numbers and dry weights in SN14 (cultivated soybean) and ZYD00006 (wild soybean). Moreover, it reduced nitrogenase activity in SN14 but not in ZYD00006. Based on the differences in nitrogenase activity between SN14 and ZYD00006 inoculated with HH103 and the TtsI mutant, two conditional quantitative trait loci associated with nitrogenase activity were identified in chromosome segment substitution lines derived from SN14 and ZYD00006. Using transcriptome analysis, single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and qRT‐PCR, Glyma.13G150000 (GmTNRP1) was identified as a candidate gene in soybean that was associated with nitrogenase activity, along with NopT (a type‐III effector). In addition, GmTNRP1 (an LRR‐RK family protein located on the cell membrane) was observed to be induced by NopT to negatively regulate nitrogenase activity. In transgenic hairy roots with GmTNRP1 silencing, no significant difference was observed in terms of nitrogenase activity between nodules inoculated with the NopT mutant and those inoculated with HH103 (wild type). However, the nitrogenase activity in the nodules decreased after overexpression of GmTNRP1. SNP located in the GmTNRP1 promoter affected its expression in response to NopT. Haplotype analysis revealed that SN14 belonged to Hap1 and ZYD00006 belonged to Hap2, which explained the different results in the two varieties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a soybean gene associated with a rhizobial type‐III effector in the nodules. GmTNRP1 can negatively regulate nitrogenase activity in the nodules. This study enhanced the understanding of the mechanism underlying symbiotic association between soybean and rhizobia.
The effects of diffusion on the mechanism of peristaltic flow at slip boundaries when internal Joule heating is present
Authors: Ravikumar S. , Ijaz Khan M. , Reddappa B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhysiological applications of the study of heat transfer and peristaltic pumping of magnetohydrodynamic thermal diffusion include heart–lung machines during surgery, dialysis, vitamin injections, and cancer treatment. In addition, it has numerous industrial applications, including pharmaceutical fluid production, filtration, and contamination‐free cosmetic and glue emulsion dispensing. Studying the influence of diffusion‐thermo and thermal diffusion on peristaltic flow with slip boundaries propelled by internal Joule energy is the key motivation for this study. By utilizing a long‐wavelength approximation, ignoring the wave number, and performing under conditions of low Reynolds number, closed‐form solutions for the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are achieved. Fluid flow along the axial pressure gradient tends to decrease as slip parameters increase. It is shown that when the amount of the second‐order slipping parameter increases, the pressure rate decreases in the back and peristaltic pumping zones but increases in the copump zone. The fluid's temperature and concentration tend to decrease as the slip parameters increase. Changes in thermal diffusion and thermo‐diffusion factors cause changes in the fluid's temperature and concentration. The Nusselt number improves as a result of increasing the Prandtl number, thermo‐diffusion constraint, Dufour number, and Schmidt number, whereas the Sherwood number exhibits the reverse trend.
Examining evolutions of literacy integration with physical education and health in an after‐school program
Authors: Johnston Kelly C. , Marttinen Risto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, the authors analyze the ways literacy integration evolved in a multi‐year interdisciplinary after‐school program that supports youth through a focus on literacy, physical activity, and health. To deviate from the increasingly siloed assumptions around literacy education and attend to a more interdisciplinary, integrated perspective, the authors theorized literacy across multiple theoretical perspectives to examine 5 years of program implementation in three different sites (New York City, Los Angeles, and Paraguay) with culturally and linguistically diverse youth (ages 9–14), program leaders, and researchers. Drawing on assemblage theory to guide the analysis, the authors sought to identify the multidimensional (im)materialities that converged to produce evolutions of literacy integration in an after‐school program. Analyzing data for assemblaging factors that produced youths' literacy engagement differently throughout program years led to identifying three emergent assemblages that frame the findings: (1) Well‐intentioned literacy integration but more complex than expected, (2) Imprints of schooled literacy with sociocultural emergence, and (3) Community‐ and youth‐centered literacy integration. The authors conclude with implications for educators and after‐school leaders seeking to integrate literacy with interdisciplinary aims.
Digital use and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent well‐being: Longitudinal evidence on socioemotional and educational outcomes
Authors: Bohnert Melissa , Gracia Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite a growing body of research on associations between adolescent digital use and well‐being, few studies have investigated these associations a) longitudinally and b) across socioeconomic status. The present study uses high‐quality longitudinal data to examine how digital engagement shapes socioemotional and educational outcomes from early to late adolescence across socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsParticipants are 7685 individuals (49.0% female) from the 1998 birth cohort of the longitudinal Growing Up In Ireland (GUI) survey. The survey was administered to Irish parents and children between 2007 and 2016 (at ages 9, 13, and 17/18). Fixed‐effects regression modeling was used to establish associations between digital engagement and socioemotional and educational outcomes. Further Fixed‐Effects models were analyzed separately by SES, to assess how associations between digital use and adolescent outcomes differ by socioeconomic groups.ResultsResults show that digital screen time increases markedly from early to late adolescence, but to a higher extent among low‐SES versus high‐SES groups. Heavy levels of digital screen time (i.e., 3+ hours daily) are associated with declines in well‐being, particularly for external and prosocial functioning, while engagement in learning‐oriented digital activities and gaming is associated with better adolescent outcomes. Yet, low‐SES adolescents are globally more harmed than high‐SES adolescents by their digital engagement, and high‐SES adolescents benefit more from moderate levels of digital use and from engaging in learning‐oriented digital activities.ConclusionsThis study suggests that digital engagement is associated with socioeconomic inequalities in adolescents’ socioemotional well‐being and, to a lesser extent, educational outcomes.
Face‐to‐face versus telephone‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy for family caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Töpfer Nils F. , Wrede Nicolas , Theurer Christina , Wilz Gabriele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to directly compare the effects and acceptability of telephone‐based (TEL‐CBT) with face‐to‐face cognitive‐behavioral therapy (F2F‐CBT) for family caregivers of people with dementia (PwD).MethodCaregivers for whom F2F participation was possible were allocated to F2F‐CBT (n = 49). The other participants were randomized to TEL‐CBT (n = 139) or CG (n = 134). CBT consisted of 12 sessions over 6 months.ResultsTEL‐CBT yielded significantly better physical health (d = 0.27) and coping with daily hassles (d = 0.38) at posttest compared to F2F‐CBT. Therapist competence, acceptability, and outcomes at follow‐up did not differ between TEL‐CBT and F2F‐CBT.ConclusionsTEL‐CBT is a valuable alternative to F2F‐CBT for family caregivers of PwD as TEL‐CBT has the advantage of higher accessibility while it does not significantly differ from F2F‐CBT in effectiveness and caregivers' evaluation of the setting, their experience with the therapist, and their satisfaction.
Iron/carbon conductive materials for enhancing anaerobic treatment of synthetic acrylamide wastewater
Authors: Fu Hao , Ma Yongwen , Wan Jinquan , Wang Yan , Long Yingping , Cao Jianye 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost studies have focused on the degradation of acrylamide (AM) by a single strain. There are relatively few studies on the treatment of AM by anaerobic activated sludge. Previous studies have shown that conductive particles can change the mode of electron transport between anaerobic microorganisms. Therefore, this study compared the enhancement effect of three different particles (Fe3O4, granular activated carbon (GAC), graphite) on the treatment of synthetic AM wastewater by anaerobic activated sludge under different temperature conditions (30, 25, 20 °C) and particle dose (2, 6 g L−1).RESULTSThe results showed that 6 g L−1 GAC improved the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and AM by 22.95% and 19% compared with the control group at 30 °C, respectively, indicating that the addition of GAC contributes to the degradation of AM and improves COD removal rate. Results of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the activated sludge with GAC obviously promoted the degradation of AM. Besides, a large amount of propionic acid was detected in all experimental groups during the reaction, and the activated sludge with GAC promoted degradation of propionic acid.CONCLUSIONAnaerobic activated sludge supplemented with sufficient GAC can not only absorb and degrade AM synchronously but also accelerate the conversion of intermediates, such as acrylic and propionic acids. Based on the results of HPLC and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, a possible method of degradation of AM by anaerobic activated sludge was proposed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).