bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to Murine Plasmacytoma Cells in Allogeneic and Syngeneic Mice: H-2 Antigens Are Essential in the Induction and Effector Stages of Ctl
Authors: Kaneko Yukio , Natsuume-Sakai Shunnosuke , Migita Shunsuke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and transplantation immunity to immunoglobulin-producing and nonproducing mouse plasmacytoma cells have been investigated in allogeneic and syngeneic mice. By using the 51Cr-release assay it was found that cytotoxic activity was developed in vitro by culturing C57BL/6 spleen cells with immunoglobulin-producing plasmacytoma MOPC 11 (producer) cells that were susceptible to lysis by C57BL/6 anti-BALB/c cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In contrast, CTL were not induced when C57BL/6 spleen cells were cultured in vitro with immunoglobulin-nonproducing variant cells of MOPC 11 (nonproducer) that contained fewer H-2 antigens as revealed by the cytotoxic responses and cold inhibition tests of C57BL/6 anti-BALB/c CTL. MOPC 11 producer cells, when injected i.p. into C57BL/6 mice, were completely rejected, but the tumor was developed in C57BL/6 mice that had been previously inoculated with MOPC 11 nonproducer cells. When spleen cells from BALB/c mice that had been sensitized in vivo with MOPC 11 producer cells were restimulated in vitro with MOPC 11 producer cells, CTL could be generated to the tumor-associated antigens (TAA) of MOPC 11 producer cells.
No syngeneic CTL were induced against MOPC 11 nonproducer cells. Transplantation analyses showed that, although the anti-tumor immunity against MOPC 11 producer cells was observed when BALB/c mice were primed with MOPC 11 producer cells, MOPC 11 nonproducer cells failed to prime BALB/c mice either to MOPC 11 producer or nonproducer cells. The cytotoxic activity of syngeneic CTL generated against MOPC 11 producer cells was significantly inhibited by anti-H-2d serum, suggesting the involvement of H-2 antigens on the membrane of MOPC 11 producer cells in lysis by anti-TAA CTL. These findings, therefore, indicate: 1) H-2 antigens and TAA present on plasmacytoma cells are essential in the induction and effector stages of CTL and 2) H-2 restriction of CTL exists also in plasmacytoma systems.
Participation of the Humoral Immune System in the Myeloma-Specific Transplantation Resistance
Authors: Bridges Sandra H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies are reported that examine the participation of humoral and cellular responses in the myeloma-specific transplantation resistance induced by preimmunization of BALB/c mice with purified myeloma protein M315. A plasmacytoma spleen colony-forming assay was used to provide a quantitative estimate of the tumor immunity in recipients of unfractionated spleen cells or serum from mice immunized four to seven times with M315. The primary findings were: 1) that the tumor immunity can be transferred by immune spleen cells provided that a boost of M315 is given to adoptive hosts, and 2) that passively transferred serum containing anti-M315 idiotype antibody (a-Id315) can also inhibit tumor growth. Adoptive transfer was successful in the presence of minute amounts of a-Id315, whereas passive transfer required relatively large amounts of activity. The passive transfer experiments involved an extended injection schedule and thus could not discriminate between direct effects of antibody or idiotype-specific humoral substances on tumor cells or inductive effects on the cellular immune system. Experiments examining the properties of the immune elements involved in the transplantation immunity demonstrated that, once established, they are resistant to acute radiation (to 800 R) and cortisone damage.
The C5b-6 Complex: Reaction with C7, C8, C9
Authors: Podack Eckhard R. , Biesecker Gregory , Kolb William P. , Müller-Eberhard Hans J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The reaction of purified C5b-6 with purified C7, C8, and C9 was studied in cellfree solution. C5b-6 binds C7, C8, and C9 in a sequential manner and thereby forms hemolytically inactive complexes. Calculations of molar ratios indicate the binding of multiple C9 molecules per C5b-8 complex, which contains equimolar amounts of C5b, C6, C7, and C8.
The dissociation constants for the terminal components were calculated from Scatchard plots: KD (C7) = 0.2 to 2.9 × 10-12 M, KD (C8) = 0.9 to 8.6 × 10-12 M, and KD (C9) = 0.1 to 0.5 × 10-12 M. The free energy for C5b-9 formation from C5b-6, C7, C8, and C9 is estimated to be -50 kcal/mole.
Inactivation of C5b-6 by C7 is a rapid, time and temperature dependent process following second order kinetics. Complex formation at 37°C is diffusion controlled; at 4°C it is, in addition, controlled by activation energy requirement since the activation energy for complex formation was found to be 33.7 kcal/mole. Association of C5b-6 and C7 results in the formation of a labile membrance binding site, C5b-7*, which decays rapidly to yield C5b-7i. C5b-7 formation from its precursors C5b-6 and C7 is the rate limiting step, decay of C5b-7* to C5b-7i is rapid compared to the association reaction.
The following thermodynamic parameters were obtained at 30°C for the C5b-7i formation from C5b-6 and C7: ΔG = -17 kcal/mole, ΔH = +8.6 kcal/mole and ΔS = 77 e.u. The data are compatible with the interpretation that the protein-protein interactions occurring upon complex formation are accompanied by release of protein bound water or by conformational changes or both. C5b-7 formation results in acquisition of a labile binding site, a markedly anodal electrophoretic mobility, expression of a second neoantigen, and in aggregation in the absence of cells or the S-protein.
Genetic Polymorphism of Murine C3 Controlled by a Single Co-Dominant Locus on Chromosome 17
Authors: Natsuume-Sakai Shunnosuke , Hayakawa Jun-Ichiro , Takahashi Morinobu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of murine C3 was demonstrated by a combined use of isoelectric focusing (IEF) in thin layer polyacrylamide gel and immunofixation. All 18 inbred strains, which were originally derived from the United States, showed a single C3 band of pI 6.1. In contrast, two strains (NC and NBr) derived from the Japanese fancy mouse and a strain (MoA), which was established from Japanese wild mouse (Mus musculus molossinus), showed a single but more anodal C3 band of pI 6.0. A mixture of plasma from two different strains, one from the Japanese mouse and another from the mouse of American origin, resulted in two discrete C3 bands; neither of these two bands can be distinguished from the C3 band observed in one of the unmixed plasmas. Breeding experiments established that the pI variation of mouse C3 is inherited as an autosomal co-dominant trait controlled by a single locus. Thus, the C3 gene segregated in the classical Mendelian ratio among second generation progeny from a cross between NC and one of the American strains, B10, BALB/c, or CBA. The locus controlling the pI variation of murine C3 was designated as C3-1 locus and its linkage with other genetic markers was studied. The C3-1 locus segregated relative to Albino, Agouti, Brown, Es-1, HC, and Id-1. However, the linkage of the C3-1 locus to two loci, Ce-2 and the S region of the H-2 complex was observed. Both of these two loci are localized to chromosome 17. The distances of the C3-1 locus from Ce-2 and S were estimated as 23 and 11 centimorgans, respectively. These values imply that the C3-1 locus is located outside H-2 of the chromosome 17.
Binding of IgG and Papain-Derived Fragments to Fc Receptors of the Fetal Rabbit Yolk Sac Membrane
Authors: Tsay David D. , Schlamowitz Max 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quantitative measurements of the in vitro binding of 125I-labeled rabbit IgG (IgGR), and its Fab-1, Fab-2, and Fc fragments to receptors on the fetal rabbit yolk sac membrane (YSM) were carried out by incubating equimolar solutions (1 × 10-5 M) of IgGR and of each of its fragments with formalin-fixed discs (3.5 cm2) of the YSM. It was found that 97, 4, 2, and 96 pmoles of IgGR, Fab-1, Fab-2, and Fc, respectively, were bound per YSM disc. Since the binding characteristics of intact IgGR were fully conserved in the Fc piece, the results establish that the YSM receptor for IgG is an Fc receptor. It was also shown that whereas IgGR retained its binding ability after exposure to stress (55°C, 10 min), free Fc did not. These findings, together with knowledge of the IgG structure, imply that the YSM receptor recognition unit of IgGR resides in the CH2 domain of its Fc piece.
Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Against Virus-Infected Target Cells in Humans
Authors: Santoli Daniela , Trinchieri Giorgio , Koprowski Hilary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms by which human lymphocytes lyse virus-infected allogeneic fibroblast cultures were analyzed with particular consideration of the role of antiviral antibodies and interferon. Human cells infected with viruses were able to induce high levels of interferon upon contact with human lymphocytes. Interferon, whether produced by lymphocytes after direct infection with virus or induced upon exposure of lymphocytes to virus-infected fibroblasts, appeared to be responsible for enhancing the cytotoxic efficiency of the natural killer cell against the infected target. Activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes occurred as early as 6 hr after addition of interferon and increased up to 24 hr. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (Ab-CMC) could be easily induced by sensitization of infected target cells with antiviral antibodies and could be detected at 4 hr from the beginning of the cytotoxic test, before the effect of interferon on the natural killer cell was evident. However, the antibody-dependent effector cell was inactive after 4 hr of incubation. F(ab′)2 fragments of rabbit antihuman IgG completely inhibited Ab-CMC but did not at all affect the spontaneous cytotoxic activity of the effector cells against virus-infected target.
Human Monocyte Cytotoxicity to Tumor Cells
Authors: Shaw George M. , Levy Paul C. , Lobuglio Albert F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent investigations examining mononuclear cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines suggest that K lymphocytes and not monocytes are active in this cytotoxic reaction. We have found, however, that in an allogeneic assay system, human monocyte monolayers as well as lymphocytes mediate substantial lysis of 51Cr-labeled antibody-coated CEM lymphoblast tumor cells. This cytotoxicity is temperature-dependent and rapid, with most 51Cr release occurring in the first 4 hr of co-incubation. Interaction between target cell-bound antibody and the monocyte Fc receptor is necessary as demonstrated by the marked fall in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) produced by staphylococcal protein A, high concentrations of nonspecific immunoglobulin, and dilution of the target cell antiserum. Morphologic and functional characteristics of the monocyte-monolayer preparations establish their relative purity (&gt;95%) and indicate that monocytes and not contaminating lymphocytes are responsible for tumor cell lysis. Furthermore, preincubation of monocyte and lymphocyte preparations with latex particles or low concentrations of immunoglobulin distinguished monocyte from lymphocyte ADCC. Thus, normal human monocytes have the capacity to carry out antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against nucleated malignant target cells.
Serologic and Immunochemical Characterization of HLA-A9 Xenoantisera
Authors: Allison James P. , Belvedere Mariaclara , Reisfeld Ralph A. , Pellegrino Michele A. , Ferrone Soldano 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The specificity of A9 antiserum produced in rabbits immunized with high density lipoprotein-associated HLA-A9 from serum was investigated by using serologic and immunochemical approaches. After suitable absorption, the xenoantiserum No. 2958 is monospecific for A9 antigens in direct cytotoxic test. Data from lysostrip experiments and from blocking of cytotoxicity with Fab2 fragments indicate that the A9 xenoantiserum No. 2958 react with the same or closely associated antigenic structures recognized by A9 alloantisera. Immunoprecipitates obtained with the specific xenoantiserum No. 2958 and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis contained only proteins of the size of detergent-solubilized HLA and β2-microglobulin (45,000 and 12,000 m.w.). Immunodepletion experiments indicated that the precipitation was mediated by antibodies directed to the heavy chain, and not the light chain of the complex. These reaults indicate that monospecific HLA-A9 xenoantisera have the same discriminatory capacity of alloantisera and can be useful for the serologic and immunochemical characterization of HLA antigens.
Theory of Equilibrium Binding of Asymmetric Bivalent Haptens to Cell Surface Antibody: Application to Histamine Release from Basophils
Authors: Wofsy Carla , Goldstein Byron , Dembo Micah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a theory of the reversible binding of asymmetric bivalent haptens to cell surface antibody in the presence or absence of monovalent hapten. Bivalent haptens can link together bivalent antibodies to form linear chains or rings on cell surfaces. We show how to calculate the amount of any possible complex of bound bivalent hapten, monovalent hapten, and antibody.
We first treat the mixed hapten case, when the bivalent hapten is made up of two noncross-reacting haptenic groups, and the basophil has on its surface antibody against both haptenic groups. We further restrict our considerations to the situation where both antibody populations are homogeneous. For this case we show that the fraction of antibody on the cell surface that is involved in complexes of two more antibodies, i.e., the fraction of antibody which is cross-linked, possesses a number of general properties.
We use these theoretical results to interpret the experiments of Siraganian et al., (2) who, with the mixed hapten BPO-NH-(CH2)6-NH-DNP, studied the in vitro histamine release of basophils from allergic rabbits. We conclude that in these experiments the histamine release curves follow the cross-linking curves, i.e., the histamine release curves rise when cross-links are predicted to rise, are a maximum when cross-links are predicted to be a maximum, and fall when cross-links are predicted to fall.
We also treat the case, illustrated by DNP2-lysine, where the two haptenic groups have different affinities for a single homogeneous antibody population on the cell surface. Again we show that the fraction of antibody which is cross-linked possesses a number of general properties.
Serum from Lps Nonresponder C3H/HeJ Mice Does Not Support the Formation of Functional Eac Reagents
Authors: Hoffmann Michael K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Serum from C3H/HeJ mice in contrast to serum from other mouse strains does not convert EA into EAC. A factor in supportive serum permits nonsupportive C3H/HeJ serum to produce a functional EAC-rosetting reagent. This factor is heat stable. Its concentration in serum parallels the sensitivity of mice to LPS. It is absent or inoperative when sensitivity is reduced on a genetic basis and increased when sensitivity is increased by treatment with BCG.
Activation of Distinct Helper and Suppressor T Cells in Experimental Trypanosomiasis
Authors: Jayawardena Anil N. , Waksman Byron H. , Eardley Diane D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells taken from mice soon after infection with Trypanosoma brucei S 42 enhance the primary in vitro antibody response of normal spleen cells to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), but do not affect their response to DNP-Ficoll. Spleen cells harvested later in the infection (day 6 onwards) suppress the antibody response of normal spleen cells to both SRBC and DNP-Ficoll. The enhancing and suppressive effects of “infected” spleen cells are sensitive to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum and complement, and can be mediated by nylon wool-purified populations of T cells. The enhancing T cell is sensitive to ALS, not lost within 4 weeks of adult thymectomy, and bears the Ly-1+, 23- phenotype. The suppressor T cell is insensitive to ALS, lost within 20 weeks of adult thymectomy, and bears the Ly-1+, 23+ phenotype. The significance of the activation of distinct helper and suppressor T cells is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis.
Immunity to Plasmodium Berghei Yoelii in Mice
Authors: Weinbaum Fredric I. , Weintraub Jonathan , Nkrumah Francis K. , Evans Charles B. , Tigelaar Robert E. , Rosenberg Yvonne J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The kinetics of various specific and nonspecific immunologic responses were examined in BALB/c mice infected with 17X nonlethal Plasmodium berghei yoelii (a self-limiting infection). The sequence of events after infection was characterized by rapid sensitization of splenic T cells to malaria antigen and polyclonal B cell activation, followed by a period of depressed splenic proliferative responses in vitro to mitogens (PHA and LPS) and malaria (specific) antigen. At the same time, suppressed primary in vitro splenic PFC responses to trinitrophenyl-aminoethylcarbamylmethyl-Ficoll (TNP-F) were seen. This suppression was an active process requiring adherent cells. During this period, levels of antimalarial antibody also increased exponentially. As the infection was cleared, splenic malaria antigen-specific proliferative responses were again observed and splenic PFC and in vitro mitogen responses returned to preinfection levels after variable periods of time. Both splenic proliferative responses to malaria antigen and antimalarial antibody responses remained persistently elevated.
In addition, some responses were examined in mice infected with 17X lethal P. b. Yoelii (a fatal infection); in comparison to the early responses of mice infected with the nonlethal substrain, there was a decrease and delay in the development of a splenic T cell response to malaria antigen and a blunted antimalarial antibody response.
Murine B Cell Leukemia Line with Inducible Surface Immunoglobulin Expression
Authors: Paige Christopher J. , Kincade Paul W. , Ralph Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A chemically induced leukemia of BDF1 mice, designated 70Z/3, was adapted to tissue culture in our laboratory. A minority of these cells displayed surface immunoglobulin (sIg) as detected by immunofluorescence with rhodamine-labeled class (IgM)-specific antibodies. Addition of the B cell mitogen, LPS, to the cultures induced sIg expression on all of these cells. The kinetics of this transition were dependent on the dose of LPS. As little as 0.1 µg/ml induced sIg on &gt;97% of the cells within 36 hr. DxS also induced sIg whereas other mitogens (Con A, PPD) or inducing agents (DMSO, dimethyl formamide, butyric acid), tested over a wide range of concentrations, failed to induce sIg expression.
The cells bear H-2 antigens but lack IgD, IgG, IgA, Ia, and Thy 1.2. Exposure to LPS had no effect on the presence or absence of these structures. A small percentage of cells possessed receptors for complement and for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin. Cytoplasmic IgM was detectable within all of the cells, and constitutive production of small quantities of IgM was confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serologic precipitates of cell lysates after pulsing with radioactive amino acids. Using similar methods, we failed to detect active secretion of immunoglobulin.
Thus, this cell line has properties similar to cytoplasmic Ig+, surface Ig- cells found in immature tissues and in bone marrow of mice and humans that are thought to be immediate precursors of sIg+ B lymphocytes. It may provide a model for studying the mechanism of LPS activation and the molecular events associated with externalization of cell surface receptors.
A Model for the Autosensitization Autoantibody Production Associated with Xenogeneic Thymic Rna
Authors: Nakamura Kunie , Nakamura Yoshiko , Kawahara Makoto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Normal C57BL/6 bone marrow cells cultured for 3 weeks with xenogeneic thymic RNA and syngeneic C57BL/6 antigens (immunoglobulin G or red blood cells) produced anti-immunoglobulin antibody or anti-mouse red blood cell antibody (hemolysin). Addition of both xenogeneic thymic RNA and autoantigens to bone marrow cultures was necessary to elicit autosensitization. Syngeneic thymic RNA would not substitute for xenogeneic RNA.
Normal recipients inoculated with syngeneic kidney or spinal cord homogenates and xenogeneic thymic RNA developed albuminuria or motor neuropathies within 10 days. Histologic examination of tissues from these animals revealed immunoglobulin deposits on glomerular or tubular basement membranes or on myelin sheaths. These changes were not observed in tissues from control animals inoculated with only the organ homogenates.
Normal mice injected with syngeneic bone marrow cells, which had been autosensitized in vitro against kidney or spinal cord homogenates, also developed albuminuria or motor neuropathies, respectively. These abnormalities were observed only if bone marrow cells had been cultured with both xenogeneic thymic RNA and autoantigens. Histologic examination of tissues from these mice also revealed immunoglobulin deposits in kidney or spinal cord tissues. These results demonstrate that xenogeneic thymic RNA can play important roles in the formation of autoantibodies.
A Comparison of the Effects of T and Macrophage-Like Suppressor Cells on Memory Cell Differentiation in Vitro
Authors: Klimpel Gary R. , Henney Christopher S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An adherent, phagocytic, non-T cell present in the spleen of BCG infected animals was found capable of inhibiting both primary and secondary cytotoxic responses to alloantigen in vitro. BCG-spleen cells were compared to suppressor T cell populations induced either by culturing spleen cells in 10% fetal calf serum for periods up to 5 days or by stimulation of splenocytes for 48 hr with 5 µg/ml Con A. These comparative studies revealed that i) all suppressor cell populations were less effective at inhibiting secondary cytotoxic responses than they were at suppressing primary responses. ii) BCG-induced suppressor macrophages were as effective on a spleen cell basis as Con A-induced suppressor T cells. Both of these populations were superior to suppressor T cells induced by culture in the absence of added mitogen, which had little or no effect on secondary responses.
More importantly, both BCG and Con A-induced suppressor cells were capable of inhibiting the development of cytotoxic cells in cultures containing mitomycin C-treated “memory” cells. Thus, these suppressor cells can prevent nonproliferative events associated with cytotoxic T cell differentiation. It is therefore conceivable that the widely reported anti-proliferative action of suppressor cells is a secondary effect, resulting from suppression of a differentiative event that precedes cell proliferation.