bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of welding defects in friction stir spot welding of plastics
Authors: Kaştan Alim 
Published: February 2023

In friction stir spot welding applications, there are some factors that provide welding strength, welding performance and the formation of defects that may occur in welding. Among these factors, machine parameters and welding tool design should be compatible with each other. If these factors are not chosen appropriately, the welding will not be of the desired quality. In this study, high density polyethylene sheets were joined using friction stir spot welding technique. It has been determined that some of the joints made have low weld strength, defects on the weld surface and around the stir zone. By investigating the causes of these defects, suggestions were made to prevent these defecs It has been observed that these defects are not repeated in the welds made with the suggestions made and it has been determined that high weld strength can be obtained. The highest weld strength and performance were obtained by 0.2–0.4 mm plunge depth, 45–60 s stirring time, 700–900 tool rotation speed and 30 mm shoulder diameters. In order to obtain a perfect weld in friction stir spot welding, it was determined that a homogeneous mixture should be formed between the stirring zone and the thermo-mechanically affected zone. Low weld strength was obtained in all joints with defects detected in these regions. Low weld strengths and weld defects were detected at dwell times of less than 30 s, at all tool rotational speeds with a stirring time of less than 45 s, at a plunge depth greater than 0.4 mm, and at low tool rotation speeds.
Cost Analysis of a Culturally Appropriate, Community-Delivered Intervention to Increase Physical Activity
Authors: Lightner Joseph S. , Collinson Samantha , Grimes Amanda 
Published: February 2023

Purpose Understand the cost of delivering existing community-based, no cost to participant, aerobic dance and yoga classes in an underserved, racial and ethnic minority community in the Midwest. Design Pilot 4-month observational, descriptive, cost analysis of community fitness classes. Setting Community-wide, group-based, fitness classes online, and in parks and community centers in traditionally Black neighborhoods in Kansas City. Participants Participants (N = 1428) were recruited from underserved, racial and ethnic minority areas of Kansas City, Missouri. Intervention Aerobic dance and yoga classes were provided free of charge to all residents of Kansas City, Missouri online and in-person. Each class was approximately 1 hour, with a warmup and cooldown. All classes were delivered by African American women. Methods Descriptive statistics of the costs for the program are presented. Cost per metabolic equivalents (MET) were calculated. Independent samples t-tests were conducted to examine differences between aerobic dance and yoga cost per MET. Results The total program costs were $10,759.88 USD, with 1428 participants attending 82 classes over the 4-month intervention. The cost per MET was $1.67, $1.11, and $0.74/MET-hour/session/attendee for low, moderate, and high-intensity aerobic dance, respectively, and $3.02/MET-hour/session/attendee for yoga. Aerobic dance had a significantly lower cost per MET than yoga ( t = 13.6, P < .001, t = 47.6, P < .001, t = 92.8, P < .001, for low, moderate, and high-intensity, respectively). Conclusions Delivering community-based, physical activity interventions in racial and ethnic minority communities is a potential way to increase physical activity. The costs of group-based fitness classes are similar to other physical activity interventions. Further research needs to be conducted on the costs to increase physical activity of traditionally underserved populations who suffer from higher rates of inactivity and comorbidities.
Efficacy and Safety of PRC-063 for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis From Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhu Shixin , Wang Tianyi , Wang Jiahe , Yang Siyuan , Yu Zhengquan , Gao Heng , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2023

Objective: A new formulation of extended-release methylphenidate (PRC-063) was approved to treat ADHD. This meta-analysis was conducted to study the efficacy and safety of PRC-063 for ADHD. Method: We searched for published trials to October 2022 in several databases. Results: A total of 1,215 patients from 5 RCTs were included. We observed significant improvement for PRC-063 in ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS; MD = −6.73, 95% CI [−10.34, −3.12]) compared with placebo. The effect of PRC-063 on the sleep problems due to ADHD was not statistically different from placebo. Six subscales of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) showed no statistical significance between PRC-063 and placebo. The result showed no significant difference comparing PRC-063 with placebo in serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (RR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.03, 19.34]). In subgroup analysis according to age, PRC-063 was more efficacious in minors compare to adults. Conclusion: PRC-063 is an efficacious and safe treatment for ADHD, especially in children and adolescents.
Octyl-butyl-cyanoacrylate glue for securement of peripheral intravenous catheters: A retrospective, observational study in the neonatal population
Authors: van Rens Matheus FPT , Spencer Timothy R , Hugill Kevin , Francia Airene LV , van Loon Fredericus HJ , Bayoumi Mohammad AA 
Published: February 2023

Background: Evidence-based insertion and maintenance strategies for neonatal vascular access devices (VAD) exist to reduce the causes of VAD failure and complications in neonates. Peripheral intravenous catheter failure and complications including, infiltration, extravasation, phlebitis, dislodgement with/without removal, and infection are majorly influenced by catheter securement methods. Methods: A retrospective, observational study using routinely collected data on intravenous device use in a large neonatal intensive care unit in Qatar. A 6-month historical cohort was compared with a 6-month cohort after the introduction of an octyl-butyl-cyanoacrylate glue (CG). In the historical cohort, the catheter was secured using a semi-permeable transparent membrane dressing while in the CG cohort, CG was applied at the insertion site on initial insertion and after any dressing change. This was the only variable intervention between both groups. Results: A total of 8330 peripheral catheters were inserted. All catheters were inserted and monitored by members of the NeoVAT team. 4457 (53.5%) were secured with just a semi-permeable transparent dressing and 3873 (46.5%) secured a semi-permeable transparent dressing with the addition of CG. The odds ratio for premature failure after securement with CG was 0.59 (0.54–0.65) when compared to the catheters secured with a semi-permeable transparent dressing, which was statistically significant ( p < 0.001). The correlation between the occurrence of a complication and the use of CG for device securement was significant ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The risk of developing device-related phlebitis and premature device removal, increased significantly if CG was not used for adjunct catheter securement. In parallel with the currently published literature, this study’s findings support the use of CG for vascular device securement. When device securement and stabilization concerns are most pertinent CG is a safe and effective adjunct to reducing therapy failures in the neonatal patient population.
Smartphone-based gamification intervention to increase physical activity participation among patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Linqi , Tong Qian , Zhang Xin , Yu Tianzhuo , Lian Xiaoqian , Yu Tianyue , Falter Maarten , Scherrenberg Martijn , Kaihara Toshiki , Kizilkilic Sevda Ece , Kindermans Hanne , Dendale Paul , Li Feng 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Despite proven benefits, patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) typically fail to participate in sufficient physical activity (PA). Effective interventions should be implemented to help patients maintain a healthy lifestyle and modify their present behavior. Gamification is the use of game design features (such as points, leaderboards, and progress bars) to improve motivation and engagement. It shows the potential for encouraging patients to engage in PA. However, empirical evidence on the efficacy of such interventions among patients with CHD is still emerging. Purpose The aim of the study is to explore whether a smartphone-based gamification intervention could increase PA participation and other physical and psychological outcomes in CHD patients. Methods Participants with CHD were randomly assigned to three groups (control group, individual group, and team group). The individual and team groups received gamified behavior intervention based on behavioral economics. The team group combined gamified intervention with social interaction. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks, and the follow-up was12 weeks. The primary outcomes included the change in daily steps and the proportion of patient days that step goals were achieved. The secondary outcomes included competence, autonomy, relatedness, and autonomous motivation. Results For the individual group, smartphone-based gamification intervention significantly increased PA among CHD patients over the 12-week period (step count difference 988; 95% CI 259−1717; p < 0.01) and had a good maintenance effect during the follow-up period (step count difference 819; 95% CI 24−1613; p < 0.01). There are also significant differences in competence, autonomous motivation, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference in 12 weeks between the control group and individual group. For the team group, gamification intervention with collaboration didn't result in significant increases in PA. But patients in this group had a significant increase in competence, relatedness, and autonomous motivation. Conclusion A smartphone-based gamification intervention was proven to be an effective way to increase motivation and PA engagement, with a substantial maintenance impact (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2100044879).
Decision-making in autism: A narrative review
Authors: van der Plas Elisa , Mason David , Happé Francesca 
Published: February 2023

Autistic people often have an atypical profile of abilities: while excelling in some structured paradigms, many report difficulties with making real-life decisions. To test whether decision-making in autism is different from in typically developing controls, we reviewed 104 studies that compared decision-making performance between autistic and comparison participants ( N = 2712 autistic and N = 3189 comparison participants) between 1998 and 2022. Our searches revealed four main decision-making paradigms that are widely used in the field of decision neuroscience: perceptual discrimination, reward learning, metacognition and value-based decision-making paradigm. Our synthesis highlights that perceptual processing and reward learning were similar between autistic and comparison participants, whereas value-based decision-making and metacognitive accuracy were often different between groups. Furthermore, decision-making differences were most pronounced when the autistic participant was explicitly probed to report on an internal belief, while implicit markers of the same decision (e.g. error-related response times) were usually not different. Our findings provide evidence in favour of a metacognitive explanation of decision-making atypicalities in autism. Lay summary Many autistic people report difficulties with real-life decision-making. However, when doing decision-making tests in laboratory experiments, autistic people often perform as well or better than non-autistic people. We review previously published studies on autistic people’s decision-making, across different types of tests, to understand what type of decision-making is more challenging. To do this, we searched four databases of research papers. We found 104 studies that tested, in total, 2712 autistic and 3189 comparison participants on different decision-making tasks. We found that there were four categories of decision-making tests that were used in these experiments: perceptual (e.g. deciding which image has the most dots); reward learning (e.g. learning which deck of cards gives the best reward); metacognition (e.g. knowing how well you perform or what you want); and value-based (e.g. making a decision based on a choice between two outcomes that differ in value to you). Overall, these studies suggest that autistic and comparison participants tend to perform similarly well at perceptual and reward-learning decisions. However, autistic participants tended to decide differently from comparison participants on metacognition and value-based paradigms. This suggests that autistic people might differ from typically developing controls in how they evaluate their own performance and in how they make decisions based on weighing up the subjective value of two different options. We suggest these reflect more general differences in metacognition, thinking about thinking, in autism.
What Surgical Technique to Perform for Isolated Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy After Distal Radius Malunion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Laane Charlotte L. E. , Oude Nijhuis Koen D. , Spil Jonne , Sierevelt Inger N. , Doornberg Job N. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Unstable fractures of the distal radius fractures (DRFs) may result in malunion, usually consisting of subsequent shortening and angular deviations. Ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) is assumed to be a simpler procedure than radial correction osteotomy, resulting in fewer complications and comparable outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the best surgical technique to perform USO to restore distal radioulnar joint congruency after DRF malunion. Methods: A systematic review of the literature is performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines in February 2022 to identify studies reporting outcomes and surgical technique for isolated USO. The primary outcome was complication rates. Secondary outcomes included functional, radiologic, and patient-rated outcomes. The methodological index for nonrandomized studies criteria were used to assess the quality of evidence. Results: Included were 12 cohorts (185 participants). Due to substantial heterogeneity, a meta-analysis could not be performed. The overall complication rate was 33% (95% confidence interval, 16% to 51%). The most reported complication was implant irritation (22%), often requiring removal of the implant (13%). Only 3% nonunions were mentioned. Functional and patient-rated outcomes improved in most patients after USO. Quality of evidence of the papers was low to very low. Common methodological flaws were related to retrospective research. Conclusion: No evident differences in complication rates and functional outcomes between the surgical techniques were observed. Based on this literature, most complications are related to implant irritation. Nonunion and infection rates were rare. Therefore, a surgical technique with a buried implant might be preferred. This hypothesis requires further investigation.
The Impact of age and outcomes of high-risk patients on carotid revascularization
Authors: Park Joon-Kee , Woo Shin-Young , Park Yang-Jin , Kim Dong-Ik , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Seo Woo-Keun , Jung Jong-Won , Jeon Pyoung , Kim Keon-Ha , Kim Young-Wook , Yang Shin-Seok 
Published: February 2023

Objectives To validate the accuracy of high-risk criteria for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and analyze the correlation between age and outcome of CEA and carotid artery stenting (CAS) in risk groups. Methods We reviewed a prospectively managed vascular surgery database in a single tertiary referral center, and 2482 internal carotid arteries (ICAs) had undergone carotid revascularization from November 1994 to December 2021. To validate high-risk criteria for CEA, patients were classified as high risk (Hr) and normal risk (Nr). Subgroup analysis was performed with patients older or younger than 75 years to investigate the relationship between age and outcome in each group. Primary endpoints were 30-day outcomes including stroke, death, stroke/death, myocardial infraction (MI), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Results A total of 2345 ICAs in 2256 patients were enrolled. The number of patients in the Hr group was 543 (24%) and the number in the Nr group was 1713 (76%). CEA and CAS were performed on 1384 (61%) and 872 (39%) patients, respectively. The 30-day stroke/death rate was higher with CAS than CEA in both the Hr (1.1% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.032) and Nr (1.2% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001) groups. In unmatched logistic regression analysis of the Nr group ( n = 1778), the rate of 30-day stroke/death (OR, 5.575; 95% CI, 2.922–10.636; p < 0.001) was higher for CAS than CEA. In propensity score matching of the Nr group, the rate of 30-day stroke/death (OR, 5.165; 95% CI, 2.391–11.155; p < 0.001) was also higher for CAS than CEA. In the age <75 subgroup of the Hr group ( n = 428), CAS was associated with higher 30-day stroke/death (OR, 14.089; 95% CI, 1.314–151.036; p = 0.029). In the age ≥75 subgroup of the Hr ( n = 139), there was no difference in 30-day stroke/death between CEA and CAS. In the age <75 subgroup of the Nr group ( n = 1318), 30-day stroke/death (OR, 6.300; 95% CI, 2.797–14.193; p < 0.001) was higher in CAS. In the age ≥75 subgroup of the Nr group ( n = 460), 30-day stroke/death (OR, 6.468; 95% CI, 1.862–22.471; p = 0.003) was higher in CAS. Conclusions In patients older than 75 years in the Hr group, there were relatively poor 30-day treatment outcomes in both CEA and CAS. Alternative treatment is needed that can expect better outcomes in older high-risk patients. In the Nr group, CEA has a significant benefit compared with CAS, and CEA should be recommended more to these patients.
Shift Work and Sleep Disturbance in the Oil Industry
Authors: McNamara Katherine A. , Robbins Wendie A. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Rotating shift work is common in high-hazard industries, despite documented associations with sleep disturbance and impairment. In the oil industry, where rotating and extended shift schedules are used to staff safety-sensitive positions, work intensification and increasing overtime rates have been broadly documented over the last few decades. Research on the impacts of these work schedules on sleep and health has been limited for this workforce. Methods: We examined sleep duration and quality among rotating shift workers in the oil industry and explored associations between schedule characteristics, sleep, and health outcomes. We recruited hourly refinery workers from the West and Gulf Coast oil sector members of the United Steelworkers union. Findings: Impaired sleep quality and short sleep durations were common and associated with health and mental health outcomes common among shift workers. Shortest sleep durations followed shift rotations. Early rise and start times were associated with shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. Drowsiness and fatigue-related incidents were common. Conclusion/Application to Practice: We observed lower sleep duration and quality and increased overtime in 12-hour rotating shift schedules. These long workdays with early start times may reduce available hours for quality sleep; here they were associated with reduced exercise and leisure activity which correlated with good sleep. This safety-sensitive population appears severely impacted by poor sleep quality, which has broader implications for process safety management. Later start times, slower rotation, and a reconsideration of two-shift schedules are interventions to consider for improving sleep quality among rotating shift workers.
Assessment of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses on Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment in Orthopaedics: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Reddy Arjun K. , Lulkovich Kaley , Wirtz Alexis , Thompson Jay C. , Scott Jared T. , Checketts Jake X. , Ottwell Ryan , Hanson Chad D. , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt 
Published: February 2023

Background: Systematic reviews on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in orthopaedic surgery are abundant in current published literature. However, a beautification of results (referred to as spin) has been noted in abstracts across various aspects of medicine. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of spin in systematic reviews of PRP-related orthopaedic surgery abstracts. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and Murad and Wang guidelines, we conducted a search in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database for reviews on PRP-related orthopaedic surgery. The search included studies published from inception until June 30, 2021. Included were systematic reviews written in English that involved the use of PRP in the treatment of orthopaedic injuries in human participants. The abstracts of the included reviews were evaluated for the top 9 types of spin as described by Yavchitz et al in 2016. We determined the relationship between spin and study characteristics using odds ratios. Results: Of an initial 1560 studies, 176 were included. We found that 50 studies (28.4%) contained at least 1 form of spin. The 2 most common forms of spin found in our sample were type 5 (“Conclusion claims the beneficial effect of treatment despite high risk of bias”; n = 27 [15.3%]) and type 3 (“Selective reporting or overemphasis of efficacy in outcomes favoring beneficial effect of intervention”; n = 18 [10.2%]). No statistical significance was found between study characteristics and the presence of spin. Conclusion: Spin was present in 28% of the systematic reviews that covered PRP-related orthopaedic treatments. Spin was not associated with general study characteristics, including adherence to PRISMA guidelines or funding. Journals and authors should be aware of spin in articles and avoid its usage.