bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Taxonomy of Non-honesty in Public Health Communication
Authors: Brown Rebecca C H , de Barra Mícheál 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the ethics of public health communication. We argue that a number of commonplace tools of public health communication risk qualifying as non-honest and question whether or not using such tools is ethically justified. First, we introduce the concept of honesty and suggest some reasons for thinking it is morally desirable. We then describe a number of common ways in which public health communication presents information about health-promoting interventions. These include the omission of information about the magnitude of benefits people can expect from health-promoting interventions, and failure to report uncertainty associated with the outcomes of interventions. Next we outline some forms of behaviour which are generally recognised by philosophers as being non-honest, including deception, manipulation, and so on. Finally, we suggest that many of the public health communicative practices identified earlier share features with the non-honest behaviours described and suggest this warrants reflection upon whether such non-honesty is justified by the goals of public health communication.
Copper-mediated chemodynamic therapy with ultra-low copper consumption by doping cupric ion on cross-linked (R)-(+)-lipoic acid nanoparticles
Authors: Cui Rong , Li Bing , Liao Chunyan , Zhang Shiyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCu-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has attracted prominent attention owing to its advantages of pH independence and high efficiency comparing to Fe-mediated CDT, while the application of Cu-based CDT agents was impeded due to the high copper consumption caused by the metabolism loss of copper and the resultant potential toxicity. Herein, we developed a new copper-mediated CDT agent with extremely low Cu usage by anchoring copper on cross-linked lipoic acid nanoparticles (Cu@cLAs). After endocytosis into tumor cells, the Cu@cLAs were dissociated into LA and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) (reduced form of LA) and released Cu2+ and Cu+ (oxidized form of Cu2+), the two redox couples recycled each other in cells to achieve the efficient killing of cancer cells by delaying metabolic loss and increasing the ROS level of tumor cells. The self-recycling was confirmed in cells by the sustained high Cu/DHLA content and persistent ROS generation process. The antitumor study based on the MCF-7/R nude mice gave the Cu@cLAs a tumor inhibitory rate up to 77.9% at the copper of 0.05 mg kg−1, the first dosage reported so far lower than that of normal serum copper (0.83 ± 0.21 mg kg−1). This work provides not only a new promising clinical strategy for the copper excessive use in copper-mediated CDT, but also gives a clue for other metal mediated disease therapies with the high metal consumption.
Using Disasters to Estimate the Impact of Uncertainty
Authors: Baker Scott R , Bloom Nicholas , Terry Stephen J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Uncertainty rises in recessions and falls in booms. But what is the causal relationship? We construct cross-country panel data on stock market returns to proxy for first- and second-moment shocks and instrument these with natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and political shocks. Our IV regression results reveal a robust negative short-term impact of second moments (uncertainty) on growth. Employing multiple vector autoregression estimation approaches, relying on a range of identifying assumptions, also reveals a negative impact of uncertainty on growth. Finally, we show that these results are reproducible in a conventional micro–macro business cycle model with time-varying uncertainty.
Minimal Clinically Important Differences of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function in Patients With Tibial Shaft Fracture
Authors: Thorne Tyler , Kellam Patrick , Nelson Chase , Li Haojia , Zhang Yue , Cizik Amy , Marchand Lucas , Haller Justin M. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To calculate the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of patient-reported outcomes measurement information system physical function (PROMIS PF) scores for patients with operatively treated tibial shaft fractures.

Design:
Retrospective Cohort Study.

Setting:
A Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
All operatively treated tibial shaft fractures identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes.

Intervention:
Enrolled patients treated acutely with operative fixation of their tibia.

Main Outcome Measurements:
MCIDs were calculated by distribution-based and anchor-based methods, calculated from PROMIS PF scores completed at least at two-time points postoperatively. MCIDs were calculated at different time points including overall, 7–12 weeks, 3–6 months, and 6–24 months. MCIDs were calculated for different subgroups including open fractures, closed fractures, any complications, and no complications.

Results:
MCID for PROMIS PF scores was 5.7 in the distribution-based method and 7.84 (SD 18.65) in the anchor-based method. At 6–24 postoperatively, the months the distribution-based MCID was 5.95 from a postoperative baseline 27.83 (8.74) to 42.85 (9.61), P < 0.001. At 6–24 months, the anchor-based MCID was 10.62 with a score difference between the improvement group of 16.03 (10.73) and the no improvement group of 5.41 (15.75), P < 0.001. Patients with open fractures (distribution-based 6.22 and anchor-based 8.05) and any complications (distribution-based 5.71 and anchor-based 9.29) had similar or higher MCIDs depending on the methodology used than the overall cohort MCIDs.

Conclusion:
This study identified distribution-based MCID of 5.7 and anchor-based MCID of 7.84 calculated from PROMIS PF scores in operative tibial shaft fractures. Distribution-based methods yielded smaller MCIDs than anchor-based methods. These MCID scores provide a standard to compare clinical and investigational outcomes.
The Humeral Head Push–Pull Plate Technique: An Alternative Way to Stabilize the Humeral Head in Varus Angulated Proximal Humeral Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Putzeys Guy 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Despite the introduction of different surgical techniques and implants, osteoporotic varus displaced fractures of the proximal humerus treated with an angular stable plate have still a high risk of recurrence and/or screw penetration leading to revision surgery. Here, we describe a technique where we use an alternative approach to stabilize the humeral head by the use of apical subchondral bone anchors tightened to an angular stable plate. This technique eliminated the need for screws in the upper part of the humeral head, allowing the upper angular stable screws to be redirected to the inferomedial part of the humeral head. We named this technique the humeral head push–pull plate technique or H2P3 in its abbreviated form. The technique is presented in combination with a case series.
The Lung Microbiome in Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy Treatment
Authors: Kennedy Kathleen , Khaddour Karam , Ramnath Nithya , Weinberg Frank 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Over the past 10 years, significant advances in treatment modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) blockade, have led to improved outcomes. Elucidating predicative biomarkers in responders and nonresponders to ICI will lead to development of therapeutic targets that could enhance ICI efficacy. Recently, the gut microbiome was identified as a predictive biomarker for ICI in patients with multiple cancer types. However, it is unclear how other host microbiomes influence tumorigenesis and response to ICI. Other groups have explored the lung microbiome as it relates to carcinogenesis and immunotherapy efficacy. In this review, we explore the role of the lung microbiome in health and disease. We also review the current state of lung microbiome research as it relates to tumorigenesis and treatments and provide potential insights into how the lung microbiome could improve outcomes in patients with cancer.
The Microbiome and Liver Cancer
Authors: Myojin Yuta , Greten Tim F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The gut microbiome and liver are anatomically and functionally connected. The impact of the gut microbiota or microbial metabolites on liver cancer progression via immune cells has been recently revealed across various preclinical models. Commensal gut microbes of liver cancer patients differ from control subjects, and their composition is affected by the etiology of the hepatocellular carcinoma. The gut microbiota represents a potential novel target for intervention as shown in patients with melanoma, but we still lack data in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary approaches may improve immunotherapy efficacy, and a couple of clinical trials are ongoing. In liver cancer, the ongoing recognition of interactions between gut microbes and the tumor immune microenvironment provides an exciting therapeutic avenue to complement established immunotherapy.
Neurosyphilis Gumma Misdiagnosed as Brain Abscess: [RETRACTED]
Authors: Likun Mu , Wang Mingxin , Cheng Lifeng , Liu Pengfei , Wang Kaixuan 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To explore the diagnostic essentials of neurosyphilis (NS) gumma, and to decrease the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates of this disease by enriching the physicians with characteristic knowledge of NS.

Methods:
The clinical diagnosis and treatment of a patient with NS gumma were reported. The clinical manifestations, classification, and diagnostic points were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
The patient was admitted to the hospital with fever and limb weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple space-occupying lesions and positive serum Treponema pallidum gelatin agglutination test. The patient was misdiagnosed as having a brain abscess and underwent a craniotomy. The postoperative pathologic diagnosis was syphilis gumma. The patient was improved and discharged after penicillin anti-syphilis treatment, and the follow-up recovery was satisfactory.

Conclusion:
Neurosyphilis gumma is rare in clinical practice, and the clinical manifestations, imaging examination, and serological examination lack specificity, which is often misdiagnosed and missed. Clinical diagnosis should be considered in combination with multiple examinations such as clinical features of patients, positive serological tests for syphilis, elevated cerebrospinal fluid cell counts and protein quantification, imaging examination, and postoperative pathologic examination.
GLOBAL SIGNATURES OF THE MICROBIOME AND METABOLOME DURING HOSPITALIZATION OF SEPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Long Xiangyu , Mu Sucheng , Zhang Jin , Xiang Hao , Wei Wei , Sun Jian , Kuang Zhongshu , Yang Yilin , Chen Yao , Zhao Huixin , Dong Yiming , Yin Jun , Zheng Huajun , Song Zhenju 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: The gut plays an important role in the development of sepsis and acts as one of the possible drivers of multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome. This study aimed to explore the dynamic alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites in septic patients at different stages of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods: In this prospective observational study, a total of 109 fecal samples from 23 septic patients, 16 nonseptic ICU patients and 10 healthy controls were analyzed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry targeted metabolomics were used for microbiota and metabolome analysis. A prediction model combining the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Klebsiella, taurocholic acid, and butyric acid was used to predict the prognosis of sepsis. Results: The diversity and dominant species of the gut microbiota of septic patients were significantly disturbed. The proportions of normal gut microbiota, such as Firmicutes on the phylum level, as well as Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcus, Agathobacter, and Blautia on the genus level, were decreased at different stages of ICU admission, while the proportions of potential pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteobacteria on the phylum level, and Enterococcus and Stenotrophomonas on the genus level were significantly increased. In addition, the amount of short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids decreased in septic patients, while that of the primary bile acids increased markedly. Bacterial richness and diversity were lower in the nonsurviving patients than those in the surviving patients in the later stage of ICU admission. In the nomogram model, the higher abundance of Klebsiella, concentration of taurocholic acid, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, combined with a lower butyric acid concentration, could predict a higher probability of death from sepsis. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the dynamical alterations of gut microbiota and its metabolites were associated with the prognosis of the sepsis. Based on these alterations and clinical indicators, a nomogram model to predict the prognosis of septic patients was performed.
Early surgical stabilization of rib fractures for flail chest is associated with improved patient outcomes: An ACS-TQIP review
Authors: Simmonds Alexander , Smolen Julia , Ciurash Mathew , Alexander Kyle , Alwatari Yahya , Wolfe Luke , Whelan James F. , Bennett Jonathan , Leichtle Stefan W. , Aboutanos Michel B. , Rodas Edgar B. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Rib fractures are a common in thoracic trauma. Increasingly, patients with flail chest are being treated with surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF). We performed a retrospective review of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program database to determine if there was a difference in outcomes between patients undergoing early SSRF (≤3 days) versus late SSRF (>3 days).

METHODS
Patients with flail chest in Trauma Quality Improvement Program were identified by CPT code, assessing those who underwent SSRF between 2017 and 2019. We excluded those younger than 18 years and Abbreviated Injury Scale head severity scores greater than 3. Patients were grouped based on SSRF before and after hospital Day 3. These patients were case matched based on age, Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale head and chest, body mass index, Glasgow Coma Scale, and five modified frailty index. All data were examined using χ2, one-way analysis of variance, and Fisher's exact test within SPSS version 28.0.

RESULTS
For 3 years, 20,324 patients were noted to have flail chest, and 3,345 (16.46%) of these patients underwent SSRF. After case matching, 209 patients were found in each group. There were no significant differences between reported major comorbidities. Patients with early SSRF had fewer unplanned intubations (6.2% vs. 12.0%; p = 0.04), fewer median ventilator days (6 days Q1: 3 to Q3: 10.5 vs. 9 Q1: 4.25 to Q3: 14; p = 0.01), shorter intensive care unit length of stay (6 days Q1: 4 to Q3: 11 vs. 11 Q1: 6 to Q3: 17; p < 0.01), and hospital length of stay (15 days Q1: 11.75 to Q3: 22.25 vs. 20 Q1: 15.25 – Q3: 27, p < 0.01. Early plating was associated with lower rates of deep vein thrombosis and ventilator-acquired pneumonia.

CONCLUSION
In trauma-accredited centers, patients with flail chest who underwent early SSRF (<3 days) had better outcomes, including fewer unplanned intubations, decreased ventilator days, shorter intensive care unit LOS and HLOS, and fewer DVTs, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
The utility of ChatGPT for cancer treatment information
Authors: Chen Shan , Kann Benjamin H. , Foote Michael B. , Aerts Hugo JWL , Savova Guergana K. , Mak Raymond H. , Bitterman Danielle S. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe use of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT for medical question-answering is becoming increasingly popular. However, there are concerns that these models may generate and amplify medical misinformation. Because cancer patients frequently seek to educate themselves through online resources, some individuals will likely use ChatGPT to obtain cancer treatment information. This study evaluated the performance and robustness of ChatGPT in providing breast, prostate, and lung cancer treatment recommendations that align with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Four prompt templates were created to explore how differences in how the query is posed impacts response. ChatGPT output was scored by 3 oncologists and a 4th oncologist adjudicated in cases of disagreement. ChatGPT provided at least one NCCN-concordant recommendation for 102/104 (98%) prompts. However, 35/102 (34.3%) of these also included a recommendation that was at least partially non-concordant with NCCN guidelines. Responses varied based on prompt type. In conclusion, ChatGPT did not perform well at reliably and robustly providing cancer treatment recommendations. Patients and clinicians should be aware of the limitations of ChatGPT and similar technologies for self-education.
Positive selection of neuregulin 1 (NRG-1) among three long-lived vertebrates
Authors: Copes Neil , Canfield Clare-Anne Edwards 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaximum lifespan is a species-specific trait that can vary over a broad range, even between closely related species. We selected the few long-lived vertebrates for which reference genome data is available, specifically the blue whaleBalaenoptera musculusand the Pinta Island tortoiseChelonoidis abingdonii. For these species, we used established methods of CpG dinucleotide analysis and allometric estimation to compare predicted maximum longevity with the maximum longevities reported in the AnAge database and in the literature. Additionally, we compared protein sequences between these species and closely related short-lived vertebrates. Orthologous protein sequences with higher pairwise alignment scores between either long-lived species, or between short-lived species, than between long-lived and short-lived relatives were identified. High-scoring orthologs were investigated for evidence of positive selection and convergent evolution, and for evidence of deleterious effect on phenotype. Analysis revealed no evidence for either convergent evolution or predicted deleterious protein sequences changes within these orthologs, however evidence of positive selection was identified in two genes: NRG-1 and GALNT17. Further comparison to protein sequences from the long-lived bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) additionally supported NRG-1 as exhibiting evidence of positive selection among the selected long-lived species.
A synthesis on the role of mycorrhizal fungal traits for understanding forest tree functions
Authors: Khokon Anis Mahmud , Meier Ina Christin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNearly all tree species associate with mycorrhizal fungi, which promote their hosts in soil resource acquisition and influence the nutrient economy of the ecosystem. Yet despite the fundamentality of this symbiotic interaction, our understanding how fungal traits relate to host traits is still in its infancy. We compiled a unique mycorrhizal fungal trait database, which sets fungal effect traits in relation to host response functions in the tree response trait categories (i) resource acquisition, (ii) plant productivity, and (iii) carbon (C) release. Based on meta-analysis, we demonstrate current strengths and gaps of knowledge with respect to tree species and spatial coverage, and fungal trait-tree function relationships. Most studies demonstrate a positive influence of traits in the effect trait categories ‘fungal community assembly’, ‘host-symbiont interactions’, and ‘soil exploration’ on traits in the response trait categories ‘resource acquisition’ and ‘plant production’. By contrast, traits in the category ‘fungal community assembly’ related negatively to root C exudation (with low certainty). The influence of mycorrhizal colonization or ‘soil exploration’ effect traits on ‘host C release’ response traits remains unclear. We conclude that the fungal effect trait category ‘soil exploration’ and the tree response trait category ‘C release’ remain major avenues for future research, which should advance from lab-measurements of soft traits and increasingly focus on mycorrhizal traits with the widest importance in ecosystem functioning.
Andrographis saxatilis(Acanthaceae) a new woody species from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kusom Raja Kullayiswamy , Naidu Sarojini Devi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAndrographis saxatilis(Acanthaceae) a woody undershrub, is described and illustrated from the rocky plateaus of the Owk dam area, Andhra Pradesh. It resemblesA. beddomeibut differs in many morphological characters.
Fast and frugal decision tree for the rapid critical appraisal of systematic reviews
Authors: Lorenz Robert C. , Jenny Mirjam , Jacobs Anja , Matthias Katja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConducting high-quality overviews of reviews (OoR) is time-consuming. Because the quality of systematic reviews (SRs) varies, it is necessary to critically appraisal SRs when conducting an OoR. A well-established appraisal tool is AMSTAR 2, which takes about 15 to 32 minutes per application. To save time, we developed two fast-and-frugal decision trees (FFTs) for assessing the methodological quality of SR for OoR either during the full text screening stage (Screening FFT) or to the resulting pool of SRs (Rapid Appraisal FFT).To build a data set for developing the FFT, we identified published AMSTAR 2 appraisals. Overall confidence ratings of the AMSTAR 2 were used as criterion and the 16 items as cues.1,519 appraisals were obtained from 24 publications and divided into training and test data sets. The resulting Screening FFT consists of three items and correctly identifies all non-critically low-quality SRs (sensitivity of 100%), but a positive predictive value of 59%. The three-item Rapid Appraisal FFT correctly identifies 80% of the high-quality SRs and correctly identifies 97% of the low-quality SRs resulting in an accuracy of 95%. When applying the FFTs about 10% of the 16 AMSTAR 2 items are used.The Screening FFT may be applied during full text screening in order to exclude SRs with critically low quality. The Rapid Appraisal FFT may be applied to the final SR pool to identify SR that might be of high methodological quality.