bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural and mechanical insight into atherosclerotic plaques: an ex vivo DTI study to better assess plaque vulnerability
Authors: Tornifoglio B. , Johnston R. D. , Stone A. J. , Kerskens C. , Lally C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNon-invasive microstructural characterisation has the potential to determine the stability, or lack thereof, of atherosclerotic plaques and ultimately aid in better assessing plaques’ risk to rupture. If linked with mechanical characterisation using a clinically relevant imaging technique, mechanically sensitive rupture risk indicators could be possible. This study aims to provide this link–between a clinically relevant imaging technique and mechanical characterisation within human atherosclerotic plaques. Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging, mechanical testing, and histological analysis were carried out on human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. DTI-derived tractography was found to yield significant mechanical insight into the mechanical properties of more stable and more vulnerable microstructures. Coupled with insights from digital image correlation and histology, specific failure characteristics of different microstructural arrangements furthered this finding. More circumferentially uniform microstructures failed at higher stresses and strains when compared to samples which had multiple microstructures, like those seen in a plaque cap. The novel findings in this study motivate diagnostic measures which use non-invasive characterisation of the underlying microstructure of plaques to determine their vulnerability to rupture.Graphic abstract
Kelvin–Helmholtz Billows in the Rising Turbulent Layer During Morning Evolution of the ABL at Dome C, Antarctica
Authors: Petenko Igor , Casasanta Giampietro , Kallistratova Margarita , Lyulyukin Vasily , Genthon Christophe , Sozzi Roberto , Argentini Stefania 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKelvin–Helmholtz billows (KHBs) within a rising turbulent layer during the transition period from stable to unstable stratification occurring in the morning hours in summertime at the interior of Antarctica (Dome C, Concordia station) are examined in this study. The wave pattern captured by high-resolution sodar echograms from November 2014–February 2015 exhibits regular braid-like structures, associated with Kelvin–Helmholtz shear instabilities. This phenomenon is observed in more than 70% of days in the selected period. Two main regimes of the morning evolution with KHBs are identified roughly, distinguished by the presence or absence of turbulence in the preceding night-time. The weather and turbulent conditions favouring the occurrence of these regimes are analyzed. Also, two distinct patterns of KHBs are identified: (i) quasi-periodical (with periods ≈ 8–15 min) trains containing 5–10 braids, (ii) about continuous series lasting 20–90 min containing 20–80 braids. A composite shape of KHBs is determined. The periodicity of these waves is estimated to be between 20 and 70 s, and their wavelength is estimated roughly to be 100–400 m. The vertical thickness of individual braids at the wave crests ranges between 5 and 25 m. The total depth of a rising turbulent layer containing these waves varies between 15 and 120 m, and the ratio of the wavelength to the depth of the wave layer varies from 3 to 12 with a mean value ≈ 8.2. The morphology of the turbulence structure in the ABL is studied as a function of both temperature and wind field characteristics retrieved from an instrumented 45-m tower and an ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer at 3.5 m. The observational results highlight the necessity of considering the interaction between convective and wave processes when occurring simultaneously.
Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia Among Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Australia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Bartlett Larissa , Jang Sunny , Roccati Eddy , Vickers James C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile the prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors is understood to be higher among migrants than for people born in host nations, little is known about the dementia risk profile of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers. This systematic review examines published literature to understand what is currently reported about 12 identified modifiable risk factors for dementia among migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers residing in Australia. Three literature databases (PubMed/CINAHL/MEDLINE) were systematically searched to find articles reporting excessive alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury, air pollution, lack of education, hypertension, hearing impairment, smoking, obesity, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, and limited social contact in Australia’s migrant, refugee and asylum seeker population samples. Papers were systematically reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 763 studies were found, of which 676 articles were excluded, and 79 articles remained. Despite wide variability in study design, size and purpose, the prevalence and correlates of modifiable risk factors of dementia appears markedly different among the studied samples. Compared with Australian-born participants, migrant samples had a higher prevalence of depression, social isolation, physical inactivity and diabetes mellitus. Insufficient information or conflicting evidence prevented inference about prevalence and correlates for the remaining dementia risk factors. A better understanding of the prevalence and correlates of modifiable dementia risk factors is needed in Australia’s migrant, refugee and asylum seeker populations. This information, together with a deeper understanding of the contextual and cultural contributing factors affecting people who arrive in Australia through differing pathways is needed before preventive interventions can be realistically targeted and sensitively implemented.
Thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) study of low-temperature transitions in chlorine-containing polymers
Authors: Marossy Kálmán 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThermally stimulated discharge current (TSD) tests on PVC, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated PVC, and chlorinated paraffins always show a relatively low-intensity transition in the − 100 to − 80 °C range. Several chlorine-containing polymers and one chlorinated paraffin were tested up to 70% chlorine content by short-circuited TSD method. The intensities of these transitions show a maximum at about 40% chlorine content except for PVC. Knowing the random nature of chlorination, it is assumed that this transition origins from the rotational movement of neighboring –CH2–CHCl– monomeric units.
Emotional Phenomenology: A New Puzzle
Authors: Álvarez-González Aarón 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEmotions are taken by some authors as a kind of mental state epistemically akin to perception. However, unlike perceptual phenomenology, which allows being treated dogmatically, emotional phenomenology is puzzling in the following respect. When you feel an emotion, you feel an urge to act, you feel, among other things, your body’s action readiness. On the other hand, at least sometimes, you are aware that an emotion by itself is not a sufficient reason to justify an evaluative judgment and/or an action, not even prima facie. How can a single mental state, emotion, seem to be dogmatic and hypothetic at the same time? It seems that emotions alone fall short of the justifying role in which their guiding role would be grounded. If this is true, then emotional experience cannot be epistemically akin to perception. Unless we are willing to claim that emotions cause action blindly (i.e., not rationally), we need an account of the distinctive epistemic role of emotional experience that renders its guidance role rational. In this paper I outline this new problem and its consequences for the metaphysics and epistemology of emotional experience. I also try to offer the sketch of a plausible solution.
Quantum computing for financial risk measurement
Authors: Wilkens Sascha , Moorhouse Joe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantum computing allows a significant speed-up over traditional CPU- and GPU-based algorithms when applied to particular mathematical challenges such as optimisation and simulation. Despite promising advances and extensive research in hard- and software developments, currently available quantum systems are still largely limited in their capability. In line with this, practical applications in quantitative finance are still in their infancy. This paper analyses requirements and concrete approaches for the application to risk management in a financial institution. On the examples of Value-at-Risk for market risk and Potential Future Exposure for counterparty credit risk, the main contribution lies in going beyond textbook illustrations and instead exploring must-have model features and their quantum implementations. While conceptual solutions and small-scale circuits are feasible at this stage, the leap needed for real-life applications is still significant. In order to build a usable risk measurement system, the hardware capacity—measured in number of qubits—would need to increase by several magnitudes from their current value of about $$10^2$$

10
2

. Quantum noise poses an additional challenge, and research into its control and mitigation would need to advance in order to render risk measurement applications deployable in practice. Overall, given the maturity of established classical simulation-based approaches that allow risk computations in reasonable time and with sufficient accuracy, the business case for a move to quantum solutions is not very strong at this point.
Assessment on urban lakes along the coastal region of Miri, NW Borneo: implication for hydrochemistry, water quality, and pollution risk
Authors: Nyambar Inez Neysa anak , Mohan Viswanathan Prasanna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to assess the urban lake water quality along the coastal region of Miri City, Sarawak, East Malaysia. This study concentrates on the hydrochemical characteristics and the mechanisms controlling the suitability of the lakes for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes. A total of 15 lake water samples were collected and analysed for physical parameters, major ions, nutrients, BOD, COD, and heavy metals. The results show that Lakes 6, 7, and 8 commonly exceeded the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) limits, particularly in physical parameters and major ions. The cation dominance was Na+  > Mg2+  > K+  > Ca2+, while the anion dominance was Cl−  > HCO3−  > SO42−. It is inferred that lake 8 was affected by the seawater intrusion through the inlet flow, resulting in an excess concentration of ions present in that lake. The concentrations of heavy metals in these lakes were considerably low, indicating that most of them were from the geogenic source. Most of the lakes were NaCl water type and the main controlling mechanism were weathering and ionic exchange processes, with anthropogenic impacts. Based on the calculated Water Quality Index (WQI) according to the National Water Quality Standards (NWQS), all lakes were suitable for irrigation use (class IV), while most of these lakes fell under the “polluted” index. Apart from that, based on the National Lake Water Quality Standards (NLWQS), all lakes were classified under category D, indicating that the lakes must be kept in good condition. According to the irrigation quality indices, lakes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were the most suitable for irrigation purposes. As for metal pollution indices (HPI and HEI), lakes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 15 were considered safe with low pollution status. From the multivariate statistical analysis, it is deduced that both anthropogenic and geogenic impacts mostly influenced the quality of these lake waters. The outcome of this study will help the policymakers under the national water department in sustainable management of water resources in this region.
A Review of Image-Based Simulation Applications in High-Value Manufacturing
Authors: Evans Llion Marc , Sözümert Emrah , Keenan Bethany E. , Wood Charles E. , du Plessis Anton 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImage-Based Simulation (IBSim) is the process by which a digital representation of a real geometry is generated from image data for the purpose of performing a simulation with greater accuracy than with idealised Computer Aided Design (CAD) based simulations. Whilst IBSim originates in the biomedical field, the wider adoption of imaging for non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT/NDE) within the High-Value Manufacturing (HVM) sector has allowed wider use of IBSim in recent years. IBSim is invaluable in scenarios where there exists a non-negligible variation between the ‘as designed’ and ‘as manufactured’ state of parts. It has also been used for characterisation of geometries too complex to accurately draw with CAD. IBSim simulations are unique to the geometry being imaged, therefore it is possible to perform part-specific virtual testing within batches of manufactured parts. This novel review presents the applications of IBSim within HVM, whereby HVM is the value provided by a manufactured part (or conversely the potential cost should the part fail) rather than the actual cost of manufacturing the part itself. Examples include fibre and aggregate composite materials, additive manufacturing, foams, and interface bonding such as welding. This review is divided into the following sections: Material Characterisation; Characterisation of Manufacturing Techniques; Impact of Deviations from Idealised Design Geometry on Product Design and Performance; Customisation and Personalisation of Products; IBSim in Biomimicry. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and observations made on future trends based on the current state of the literature.
Emotions and motivation in mathematics education: Where we are today and where we need to go
Authors: Schukajlow S. , Rakoczy K. , Pekrun R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEmotions and motivation are important for learning and achievement in mathematics. In this paper, we present an overview of research on students’ emotions and motivation in mathematics. First, we briefly review how early research has developed into the current state-of-the-art and outline the following key characteristics of emotions and motivation: objects, valence, temporal stability (vs. variability), and situational specificity (vs. generality). Second, we summarize major theories in the field (the control-value theory of achievement emotions, expectancy-value theory of achievement-related motivation, self-determination theory of human motivation, and social-cognitive theory of self-efficacy). Third, we present an overview of instructional characteristics that have been shown to foster emotions and motivation. Fourth, we provide an overview of the contributions to the special issue on “Emotions and Motivation in Mathematics Education and Educational Psychology.” Finally, we suggest directions for future research in the field with respect to advancing theory, improving measurement, and considering diversity and inclusion.
Kinderschutz im Blick der Forschung
Authors: Komesker Gabriele , Motzkau Eberhard , Motzkau Johanna 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag kommentiert aktuelle Kinderschutzforschung aus der Perspektive von Praktiker_innen. Die Autor_innen stellen als derzeitige Leiterin (G. Komesker) und ehemaliger Leiter (E. Motzkau) einer beforschten Kinderschutzeinrichtung (Ärztliche Kinderschutzambulanz am Evangelischen Krankenhaus Düsseldorf) ihre Arbeitsweise vor und kommentieren vor diesem Hintergrund und in direkter Bezugnahme auf Bohrer et al. (2022) gerade veröffentlichte Ergebnisse der Kooperationsprojekte ‚Kinderschutz in Düsseldorf‘ und ‚Kinderschutzkarrieren‘ aus ihrer Perspektive als beforschte Praktiker_innen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden zudem Überlegungen zur Schnittstelle von Praxis und Forschung im Kinderschutz angestellt. Die Forschung trägt, durch Veröffentlichung und Rezeption, selbst unweigerlich zur Konstruktion von Kinderschutzdiskursen bei. Diese beeinflussen, wie gefährdete Kindheit, Kinderschutz und Kinderschutzpraxis im gesellschaftlichen, medialen und politischen Kontext verstanden und praktiziert werden. Dies ist unvermeidlich, sollte aber im Dialog zwischen Forschung und Praxis reflektiert werden, um so Kinderschutzdiskurse gemeinsam kritisch beleuchten und formen zu können. Der Beitrag gibt Denkanstöße dazu, wie sich die Forschung in diesem multidisziplinären und oft spannungsgeladenen Feld konstruktiv in den Dienst der Praxis stellen kann, und ergründet, was es für die beforschte(n) Praxis/Praktiker_innen heißt, sich Forschungsergebnissen einer nicht anonymen Studie offen zu stellen.
Real-time monitoring of early-age compressive strength of concrete using an IoT-enabled monitoring system: an investigative study
Authors: Miller Dane , Ho Nhat-Minh , Talebian Nima , Javanbakht Zia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDetermination of the early-age compressive strength of concrete is essential for quality assurance, safety, and economy of construction projects. Due to manual operation on construction site, conventional maturity meters are not efficient for live monitoring of the early-age concrete strength. Higher levels of automated and computerised improvements have been made possible by recent developments in wireless communications, sensor technologies, and data processing methods across the construction industry. For real-time monitoring of the early-stage concrete strength, the current study presents an innovative Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled system developed by concrete data sensors (CDS), an Australian-owned private business. The CDS sensor system (the system) communicates with temperature sensors via long-range wide-area network and is linked to a cloud-based platform for data storage. The suggested system’s effectiveness was assessed using three concrete mixtures and developed maturity relationships. It was observed that the predicted early-age compressive strength of the mixes matches well with the actual compressive strength and that the system can effectively automate the characterisation of maturity.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study on optimization of vehicle exhaust system noise and hook position based on multi-source experimental data analysis
Authors: Xiong Jianqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe exhaust system is one of the main sources of vehicle noise, and the hook position is one of the main factors affecting the exhaust system noise. Therefore, using the data optimization analysis method and optimizing the hook position parameters can improve the acoustic characteristics of the exhaust system and the vehicle ride comfort. In this paper, the method of multi-source test data analysis is proposed to obtain the A-weighted noise data of the exhaust system at different positions of the hook. Then, through preprocessing and regularization calculation and analysis of A-weighted noise characteristic data, the analysis results of multi-source test data with different location parameters are obtained. The noise contribution of multi-source test data analysis of hook C and hook A is 53.4% and 41.2%, while the noise contribution of multi-source test data analysis of hook B and hook D is negligible. Through the analysis and calculation of the multi-source test data of the hook position, the main influence data of the hook position on the noise is obtained, which provides a reference for further optimizing the vehicle exhaust noise characteristic parameters.
Bibliometric analysis of biochar research in 2021: a critical review for development, hotspots and trend directions
Authors: Wu Ping , Singh Bhupinder Pal , Wang Hailong , Jia Zhifen , Wang Yujun , Chen Wenfu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs a bioproduct from the thermal decomposition of biomass, biochar has various applications in diversified field. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to visualize the current research status and trends of biochar research. A total of 5535 documents were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection and subjected to visualization analysis for the biochar field's development in 2021 with CiteSpace software. The visual analysis results demonstrate that the number of publications expanded dramatically in 2021, and the growth trend would continue. China and USA were the most contributing countries in biochar research in terms of the number of publications. Based on the keyword co-occurrence analyses, “Biochar for toxic metal immobilization”, “Biochar-based catalyst for biofuel production”, “Biochar for global climate change mitigation”, “Biochar for salinity and drought stress amelioration”, “Biochar amendment in composting”, and “Biochar as additives in anaerobic digestion” were the main research trends and hotspots in this field in 2021. This indicates that the biochar research was multidisciplinary. Regarding the research hotspots, the employment of biochar as heterogeneous catalysts for biofuel production gained great attention in 2021. On the contrary, bioremediation using functional bacteria immobilized on biochar and biochar-assisted advanced oxidation process were well-studied but with less frequency than other topics in 2021. Furthermore, the future research was proposed for green and sustainable applications of biochar. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the research frontiers, the evolution of research hotspots, and potential future research directions in the biochar field.
Graphical Abstract
Affine Generalized Ricci Solitons of Three-Dimensional Lorentzian Lie Groups Associated to Yano Connection
Authors: Azami Shahroud 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, we calculate Yano connection, its curvature and Lie derivative of metric associated to it on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups with some product structure. We introduce affine generalized Ricci solitons associated to the Yano connection and we classify left-invariant affine generalized Ricci solitons associated to the Yano connection on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups.
Operation RUBICON: An Assessment With Regard to Switzerland's Duties Under the Law of Neutrality
Authors: Rodriguez Manuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnder the guise of Swiss neutrality, the Swiss-based company Crypto AG for decades manufactured and supplied manipulated cipher machines to governments in over 120 States. The company was controlled by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND). The Swiss intelligence services had known about this intelligence operation since 1993 at the latest, had access to relevant information, and allowed the foreign intelligence services to continue their operation until 2018. For the permanently neutral State of Switzerland, this raises the question of how Operation RUBICON is to be assessed with regard to Switzerland's duties under the law of neutrality.This author finds that it was unlikely that Switzerland, in its complicity in Operation RUBICON, violated its duties under the law of neutrality. However, if—and this is unlikely but cannot be completely ruled out—Crypto AG exported rigged cipher machines or offered maintenance services during (or immediately before) the Kosovo War in 1999 to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, or during (or immediately before) the Iraq invasion in 2003 to the Republic of Iraq, Switzerland would have violated its duties under the law of neutrality. At the very least, Switzerland's complicity in Operation RUBICON plays into its image as a Western neutral and is therefore relevant in terms of Swiss neutrality policy. In any case, it is crucial for Switzerland to refrain from complying with intelligence operations such as Operation RUBICON and to preserve (guided by equidistance, international law, and Switzerland's humanitarian tradition) its permanent neutrality, even during today's challenging circumstances.