bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Dechow Rene 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) of agricultural soils is observed to decline in many parts of the world. For deconfounding management and climate change effects, the latter needs to be estimated comprehensively. In this study, an established FAO framework was used to model global agricultural topsoil SOC stock dynamics from 1919 to 2018 as attributable to climate change. On average, global agricultural topsoils lost 2.5 ± 2.3 Mg C ha− 1 with constant net primary production (NPP) or 1.6 ± 3.4 Mg C ha− 1 when NPP was modified by temperature and precipitation. Regional variability could be explained by the complex patterns of changes in temperature and moisture, as well as initial SOC stocks. However, average SOC losses have been an intrinsic and persistent feature of climate change in all climatic zones. This needs to be taken into consideration in reporting or accounting frameworks and halted in order to mitigate climate change and secure soil health.
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy with Helical Tomotherapy Improved the Efficacy of Multiple Brain MetastasesLong-term Follow-up Results of a Phase II Trial
Authors: Ma Yuchao , Liu Qingfeng , Zhang Hongmei , Tian Yuan , Xu Yingjie , Bi Nan , Chen Xuesong , Wang Wenqing , Wang Kai , Huang Xiaodong , Zhao Ruizhi , Yang Siran , Yi Junlin , Li Ye-xiong , Xiao Jianping , Zhang Ye 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Multiple brain metastases (BMs) remain a therapeutic challenge. Helical tomotherapy (HT) is a novel equipment which has shown favorable dosimetric properties in previous studies. The aim of this single institutional phase II trial was to investigate the feasibility and toxicity of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) with or without simultaneous whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) by HT in treating patients with multiple BMs.
Methods:Patients with at least 3 BMs were enrolled. All the patients were treated with HT. The prescribed dose was 40 Gy in 20 fractions for WBRT and 60 Gy in 20 fractions for BMs simultaneously. For patients who had prior WBRT or refusing WBRT, focal HFRT for the lesions with optimized doses based on tumor volumes and locations were given. The primary endpoint was 1y-intracranial progression free survival (IPFS).
Results: Between September 2014 and June 2017, 69 patients were enrolled and finally been analyzed. The median follow-up time was 40.1 months. The 1-year IPFS rate was 80.5%. The median survival time was 18.1 months (95% CI, 15.5- 20.7). The 1-year local control, overall survival and brain metastasis-specific survival rates were 96.4%, 71.0% and 94.6%, respectively. The 2-year rates were 87.6%, 51.1% and 39.1%, respectively. Only 1 patient (1.4%) had Grade 3 hematological toxicity and the radiation necrosis rate was 2.9%.
Conclusion: Helical tomotherapy was well tolerated and could significantly extend IPFS compared with historical controls in multiple BMs.
Frequency of Abo/rh Blood Groups Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Luanda, Angola
Authors: Sacomboio Euclides Nenga Manuel , Pululo Sandra Alberto , Sebastião Cruz S. , Tchivango Adelino Tchilanda , Silveira Silvana da Rocha , Costa Mauricio da , Sousa Carlos Alberto Pinto , Ekundi-Valentim Eduardo , Cassinela Edson Kuatelela 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by alterations in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, which can be identified by detecting high blood glucose levels. In this study we evaluated the frequency of ABO/Rh blood groups in patients with diabetes treated in Luanda, during the second half of 2020.
Methods
This was an observational, analytical, prospective study with a quantitative approach conducted with 100 patients with diabetes.
Results
The mean age of patients was 48,4±14 years old. Patients males (63%) with a mean age of 47.9±14.5 years old, secondary educational level (33%), and living in urbanized areas from Luanda (33%), which were the most prevalent in this studied population. About 57% did not exercise before the disease and did not have the disease in the family (51%). About 71% of the patients used insulin to treat diabetes. ORh+ and ARh+ blood groups were the most frequent. The majority of the patients were less than 4 years with diabetes.
Conclusion
We concluded that the patients most affected by diabetes were the elderly, males, from urbanized areas, and with blood groups ORh+ or ARh+. Further studies assessing the relationship between ABO/Rh blood groups and diabetes among the Angolan population are needed.
Once a week consumption of Western diet over twelve weeks promotes sustained insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fat liver disease in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Demaria Thainá Magalhães , Crepaldi Leticia Diniz , Costa-Bartuli Emylle , Branco Jessica Ristow , Zancan Patricia , Sola-Penna Mauro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Western diet (high in fat and sucrose) consumption is a highly prevalent feature in the whole world, mainly due to the increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), which are cheaper and easier-to-eat, as compared to fresh and highly nutritive meals. Epidemiological studies have associated UPF consumption with development of obesity, non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. For molecular studies, mice fed with Western diets have been used to characterize signaling pathways involved in these diet-induced pathologies. However, these studies fed mice continuously with the diets, which is not compatible with what occurs in real life, when consumption is occasional. Here, we fed mice once-a-week with a high fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet and compared these animals with those fed continuously with HFHS diet or with a standard diet. Our results show that after a single day of consuming HFHS, animals presented impaired oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) as compared to control group. Although this impairment was reversed after 24 hours consuming regular diet, repetition of HFHS consumption once-a-week aggravated the picture such as after 12-weeks, oGTT impairment was not reversed after 6 days under control diet. Liver steatosis, inflammation, impaired insulin signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress are similar comparing animals that consumed HFHS once-a-week with those that continuously consumed HFHS, though weekly-fed animals did not gain as much weight. Therefore, we conclude that regimen of one day HFHS plus 6 days normal diet over 12 weeks is sufficient to induce insulin resistance and NAFLD in mice.
Comparing SARS-CoV-2 sequencing methodologies during early phase detection of the Delta variant in South Africa
Authors: Ramphal Upasana , Tshiabuila Derek , Ramphal Yajna , Giandhari Jennifer , Heerden Carel van , Baxter Cheryl , wyk Stephanie van , Maharaj Arisha , Pillay Sureshnee , Laguda-Akingba Oluwakemi , San James Emmanuel , Wilkinson Eduan , Lessells Richard , de Oliveira Tulio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: Genomic surveillance, with the aid of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, revolutionized the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Coupled with high-performance analysis software, methodologies such as the Ion Torrent S5 and Illumina MiSeq dramatically improved the genomic surveillance capacity within South Africa during the height of the pandemic. Using de-identified remnant samples collected from Eastern Cape and analysis software, Genome Detective and NextClade, we compared the sequencing process, genomic coverage, quantification of mutations, and clade classification from sequence data generated by these two common “benchtop” NGS platforms.
Results: Sequence data analysis revealed success rates of 175/183 (96%) and 172/183 (94%) on the Ion Torrent S5 and Illumina MiSeq, respectively. Internal quality metrics were assessed in terms of genomic coverage (>80%) and the number of mutations identified (<100). A greater number of higher-genomic coverage sequences were generated on the Ion Torrent S5 (99%) than on the Illumina MiSeq (80%) and <100 mutations was obtained by both platforms. Ion Torrent S5 generated high coverage sequences from samples having a broader range of viral loads (VL) compared to the Illumina MiSeq, which was less successful in sequencing samples with lower viral loads. Clade assignments were comparable across platforms which accurately differentiated between Beta (<45%) and Delta (≤30%) VOCs. A disparity in clade assignment was observed in <10% of sequences due to poor coverage obtained on the Illumina MiSeq, followed by a failure rate of ≤6% across the two platforms. Manual library preparation found both methods similar in terms of sample processing, handling of larger sample quantities, and clade assignment for SARS-CoV-2. Variability between the Ion Torrent S5 and Illumina MiSeq was observed in sequencing run duration (3,5 hrs vs 36 hrs), sequencing process (semi-automation vs manual), genomic coverage (99% vs 80%), and viral load requirements (broad range vs high VL).
Conclusion: The Illumina MiSeq and Ion Torrent S5 are both reliable platforms capable of performing WGS with the use of amplicons and providing specific, accurate, and high throughput analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 whole viral genomes. Both sequencing platforms are feasible platforms for the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, each with its specific advantages and trade-offs.
Association between dietary hardness and cognitive dysfunction among Japanese men in their 60s: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fujiwara Aya , Fukunaga Ami , Murakami Kentaro , Inoue Yosuke , Nakagawa Tohru , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Konishi Maki , Mizoue Tetsuya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Although the association between dietary components (e.g. nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns) and cognitive dysfunction has been extensively investigated, a limited number of studies have been conducted on dietary hardness, despite its possible role in increasing masticatory activity and improving cognitive function. We aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between the hardness of habitual diet and cognitive dysfunction among Japanese men in their 60s.
Methods: Data were obtained from 1,494 men aged 60– 69 years who participated in the baseline survey of Hitachi Health Study II (2017–2020). Dietary hardness was assessed using the information on the habitual intake of solid foods, which was assessed using a brief-type, self-administered diet history questionnaire, and the magnitude of masticatory muscle activity required for consuming each food item, which was available in a published database. The sum of masticatory muscle activity involved in consuming food items was used as an estimate of dietary hardness. Cognitive dysfunction was defined as a score ≤ 13 points on the test battery for screening for Alzheimer’s disease (MSP-1100). Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between dietary hardness and cognitive dysfunction.
Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 63.5 (3.5) years. The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was 7.5%. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for cognitive dysfunction in the second and third tertiles were: 0.76 (0.46, 1.25) and 0.86 (0.53, 1.39), respectively, after adjustment for socio-demographic factors (P for trend = 0.70). After further adjustment for protective nutrient intake against cognitive dysfunction, the corresponding figures were 0.72 (0.43, 1.21) and 0.79 (0.43, 1.45), respectively (P for trend = 0.60).
Conclusions: Hardness of the habitual diet was not associated with the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction among Japanese men in their 60s. Future prospective studies are necessary to investigate the association between dietary hardness estimated a validated questionnaire and cognitive dysfunctions.
CD47 antisense oligonucleotide treatment attenuates obesity and its-associated metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Gwag Taesik , Li Dong , Ma Eric , Guo Zhenheng , Liang Ying , Wang Shuxia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Previous study from our lab has revealed a new role of CD47 in regulating adipose tissue function, energy homeostasis and the development of obesity and metabolic disease in CD47 deficient mice. In this study, the therapeutic potential of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting to CD47 in obesity and its-associated complications was determined in two obese mouse models (diet induced and genetic models). In diet induced obesity, male C57BL6 mice were fed with high fat (HF) diet to induce obesity and then treated with CD47ASO or control ASO for 8 weeks. In genetic obese mouse model, male six-week old ob/ob mice were treated with ASOs for 9 weeks. We found that CD47ASO treatment reduced HF diet-induced weight gain, decreased fat mass, prevented dyslipidemia, and improved glucose tolerance. These changes were accompanied by reduced inflammation in white adipose tissue and decreased hepatic steatosis. This protection was also seen in CD47ASO treated ob/ob mice. Mechanistically, CD47ASO treatment increased mice physical activity and energy expenditure, contributing to weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes in obese mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that CD47ASO might serve as a new treatment option for obesity and its-associated metabolic complications.
The Systematic Development of Guidance for Parents on Talking to their Children about Weight
Authors: Gillison Fiona , Grey Elisabeth , Baber Fran , Chater Angel , Atkinson Lou , Gahagan Alison 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children is increasing, alongside increases in rates of children’s anxiety and worry about their weight. In many countries children’s weight is measured, and parents are made aware if a child has overweight or obesity. However, many parents are concerned that raising their child’s awareness of their weight, and talking to children about their weight could harm their wellbeing. The aim of this project was to develop guidance for parents on constructive ways to talk to children about weight when they need to, while prioritising their child’s wellbeing.
Methods: The project followed a mixed-methods design: Phase 1 involved the collection and collation of evidence including (a) two systematic literature reviews to identify the associations between parent-child weight talk, and broader health discussions, and children’s wellbeing, (b) interviews with children, and (c) development and refinement of narrative messaging. Phase 2 involved the development of a conceptual model and mapping primary findings to techniques and content within a draft document, aimed at providing guidance for parents on talking to children about weight. Phase 3 involved a modified Delphi process with 29 stakeholders to refine and agree a final version of the guidance.
Results: An acceptable draft guidance was agreed following two stages of feedback from Delphi participants. Key areas for debate and adaptation included: encouraging discussion about health and growth with lesser focus on weight; finding ways to reduce stigma and perceptions of blame; emphasising a whole-family approach; inclusive representation of diversity among children and families.
Conclusions: Consensus on the content of guidance for parents on talking to children about weight was achieved through a process of evidence review, expert input, and collaborative engagement. The next steps are to measure the impact of the resource on improving the experience of parents and children in communicating about weight.
In situ programming acid-base pair proton-conductive channels of perfluorosulfonic acid membrane for fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Wenxing , Zhao Shengqiu , Wang Rui , Zhang Aojie , Huang Yi , Tang Haolin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The development of rapid and dependable proton transport channels is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operating in low humidity conditions. Herein, an NH-Zr framework rich in basic sites was in situ constructed in a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) solution, and PFSA-NH-Zr hybrid proton exchange membranes were prepared. The introduced NH-Zr framework successfully induced proton conducting groups (-SO3H) reorganization along the NH-Zr framework, resulting in the formation of fast ion transport channels. Meanwhile, under low humidity, the acid-base pairs between N-H (NH-Zr framework) and -SO3H (PFSA) promoted the protonation/deprotonation and the subsequent proton leap via the Grotthuss processes. Especially, the hybrid membrane PFSA-NH-Zr-1 with suitable NH-Zr content had a promising proton conductivity of 0.031 S/cm at 80°C, 40% RH, and 0.292 S/cm at 80°C, 100% RH, which were approximately 33% and 40% higher than the pristine PFSA membrane (0.023 S/cm and 0.209 S/cm), respectively. In addition, the maximum power density of the hybrid proton exchange membrane was 0.726 W/cm2, which was nearly 20% higher than the pristine PFSA membrane (0.604 W/cm2) under 80°C, 40% RH. This work established a referable strategy for developing high-performance proton exchange membranes under low RH conditions.
A Brain Connectome Biomarker for Sleep Health
Authors: Wang Yulin , Genon Sarah , Dong Debo , Zhou Feng , Li Chengyu , He Qinghua , Qiu Jiang , Feng Tingyong , Chen Hong , Lei Xu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sleep health is both conceptually and operationally a composite concept containing multiple domains of sleep. In line with this, high dependence and interaction across different domains of sleep health encourage a transition in sleep health research from categorical to dimensional approaches that integrate neuroscience and sleep health. Here, we seek to identify the covariance patterns between multiple-sleep health domains and distributed intrinsic functional connectivity by applying a multivariate approach (partial least squares). This multivariate analysis revealed a composite sleep health dimension co-varying with connectivity patterns involving the attentional and thalamic networks and which appear relevant at the neuromolecular level. These findings were further replicated and generalized to several unseen independent datasets. Critically, the identified sleep-health related connectome showed diagnostic potential for insomnia disorder. These results together delineate a brain connectome biomarker for sleep health with high potential for clinical translation.
Estimating plastic pollution levels in rivers through harmonized monitoring strategies
Authors: Emmerik Tim van , Kirschke Sabrina , Schreyers Louise , Nath Shuvojit , Schmidt Christian , Wendt-Potthoff Katrin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plastic pollution in freshwater environments is an emerging threat to ecosystem health and human livelihood. Plastics that accumulate in rivers and lakes over long time periods have direct local impact, and may eventually also reach the world’s oceans. Monitoring river plastic pollution is therefore key to quantify, understand and reduce plastics in all aquatic ecosystems. Unfortunately, global river plastic monitoring is still in its early stage. The lack of harmonization between ongoing monitoring efforts compromises the direct comparison and combination of available data. Recently, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) launched guidelines on plastic monitoring in rivers and lakes, to provide a starting point for practitioners and scientists towards harmonized data collection, analysis, and reporting. Here, we demonstrate the application of those guidelines through a practical workflow to support to design effective plastic monitoring strategies. The workflow is a five-step iterative approach that aims to match the defined research goal or question to the available resources and river basin characteristics. To test the relevance of the workflow in different settings, we applied the workflow to three rivers across relevant gradients, including geography, hydrology, and plastic pollution levels. In the Rhine basin (Switzerland, France, Germany, the Netherlands) we showed that urban areas and tributaries may act as entry points of plastic pollution. For the Odaw basin (Ghana) we compared floating, terrestrial and riverbank plastics, identifying source and accumulation zones. Finally, in the Mekong river (Cambodia) we quantified the contribution of the city of Phnom Penh to plastic pollution through quantifying the plastic mass balance in the Mekong-Tonle Sap-Bassac region. We show that despite the simplicity of the selected methods and the limited duration of the data collection, a harmonized approach can provide crucial insights in the state of plastic pollution in very different river basins. Although each case study focused on one specific goal, each one is directly transferable to any river globally. Data collection is key in reaching local, regional and global goals on reducing plastic pollution. With our paper we aim to provide a simple workflow to support the design of effective and comparable river plastic monitoring strategies.
Dietary protein intake and mortality among survivors of liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Daftari Ghazal , Tehrani Asal Neshatbini , Pashayee-khamene Fereshteh , Karimi Sara , Ahmadzadeh Saleheh , Hekmatdoost Azita , Salehpour Amin , Yari Zahra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Liver cirrhosis is a worldwide burden and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, including increased mortality. The beneficial effects of dietary modifications in reducing morbidity and mortality are inevitable.
Aim
The current study aimed to evaluate the potential association of dietary protein intake with the cirrhosis-related mortality.
Methods
In this cohort study, 121 ambulatory cirrhotic patients with at least 6 months of cirrhosis diagnosis were followed-up for 48 months. A 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary intake assessment. Total dietary protein was classified as dairy, vegetable and animal protein. We estimated crude and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), applying Cox proportional hazard analyses.
Results
After full adjustment for confounders, analyses showed that total (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.2–1.1, p trend = 0.045) and dairy (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.13–1.1, p trend = 0.046) protein intake was associated with a 62% lower risk of cirrhosis-related mortality. While a higher intake of animal protein was associated with a 3.8-fold increase in the risk of mortality in patients (HR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.7–8.2, p trend = 0.035). Higher intake of vegetable protein was inversely but not significantly associated with mortality risk.
Conclusion
Comprehensive evaluation of the associations of dietary protein intake with cirrhosis-related mortality indicated that a higher intake of total and dairy protein and a lower intake of animal protein are associated with a reduced risk of mortality in cirrhotic patients