bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of the prognosis and immune infiltration of TMC family members in renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Tang Wenbin , Shi Zhiyuan , Zhu Yasheng , Shan Zhengda , Jiang Aimin , Wang Anbang , Chen Ming , Bao Yi , Ju Guanqun , Xu Weidong , Wang Junkai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRenal cancer is a common malignancy of the urinary system, and renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) is the most common pathological type. Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) protein is an evolutionarily conserved gene family containing 8 members, however there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis about TMC family members in RCCC. In this study, we analyzed the expression of TMC family members in RCCC from TCGA and investigated the prognosis values and immune infiltration of TMC family members in RCCC. We found that TMC2, TMC3, TMC5, TMC7 and TMC8 were significantly related with overall survival (OS) of RCCC patients. TMC3, TMC6, and TMC8 was positively correlated with the degree of immune infiltration in RCCC. TMC2, TMC6, TMC7, and TMC8 were positively correlated with immune checkpoint genes, whereas TMC4 was negative. According to KEGG and GO analysis, almost all TMCs except TMC4 were involved in the immune response. Thus, we may regard the TMC family members as novel biomarkers to predict potential prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in RCCC patients.
Two-layer accumulated quantized compression for communication-efficient federated learning: TLAQC
Authors: Ren Yaoyao , Cao Yu , Ye Chengyin , Cheng Xu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFederated learning enables multiple nodes to perform local computations and collaborate to complete machine learning tasks without centralizing private data of nodes. However, the frequent model gradients upload/download operations required by the framework result in high communication costs, which have become the main bottleneck for federated learning as deep models scale up, hindering its performance. In this paper, we propose a two-layer accumulated quantized compression algorithm (TLAQC) that effectively reduces the communication cost of federated learning. TLAQC achieves this by reducing both the cost of individual communication and the number of global communication rounds. TLAQC introduces a revised quantization method called RQSGD, which employs zero-value correction to mitigate ineffective quantization phenomena and minimize average quantization errors. Additionally, TLAQC reduces the frequency of gradient information uploads through an adaptive threshold and parameter self-inspection mechanism, further reducing communication costs. It also accumulates quantization errors and retained weight deltas to compensate for gradient knowledge loss. Through quantization correction and two-layer accumulation, TLAQC significantly reduces precision loss caused by communication compression. Experimental results demonstrate that RQSGD achieves an incidence of ineffective quantization as low as 0.003% and reduces the average quantization error to 1.6 × $${10}^{-5}$$

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. Compared to full-precision FedAVG, TLAQC compresses uploaded traffic to only 6.73% while increasing accuracy by 1.25%.
Constraints on the variable nature of the slow solar wind with the Wide-Field Imager on board the Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Patsourakos S. , Vourlidas A. , Nindos A. 
Published: July 2023

Context. The formation of the slow solar wind remains unclear as we lack a complete understanding of its transient outflows.
Aims. In a previous work we analysed the white-light coronal brightness as a function of elongation and time from Wide-Field Imager (WISPR) observations on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission when PSP reached a minimum heliocentric distance of ≈28 R⊙. We found 4–5 transient outflows per day over a narrow wedge in the PSP orbital plane, which is close to the solar equatorial plane. However, the elongation versus time map (J-map) analysis supplied only lower limits on the number of released density structures due to the small spatial-scales of the transient outflows and line-of-sight integration effects. In this work we place constraints on the properties of slow solar wind transient mass release from the entire solar equatorial plane.
Methods. We simulated the release and propagation of transient density structures in the solar equatorial plane for four scenarios: (1) periodic release in time and longitude with random speeds; (2) corotating release in longitude, periodic release in time with random speeds; (3) random release in longitude, periodic release in time and speed; and (4) random release in longitude, time, and speed.
Results. The simulations were used in the construction of synthetic J-maps, which are similar to the observed J-map. The scenarios with periodic spatial and temporal releases are consistent with the observations for periods spanning 3°–45°longitude and 1–25 h. The four considered scenarios have similar ranges (35–45 for the minimum values and 96–127 for the maximum values) of released density structures per day from the solar equatorial plane and consequently from the streamer belt, given its proximity to the solar equatorial plane during the WISPR observation. Our results also predict that density structures with sizes in the range 2–8 R⊙ covering 1–20% of the perihelion could have been detectable by PSP in situ observations during that interval.
Conclusions. Our estimates of the release rates of density structures from the streamer belt represent a first major step towards assessing their contribution to the slow solar wind mass budget and their potential connection with in situ detections of density structures by PSP.
Development of a multimodal kidney age prediction based on automatic segmentation CT image in patients with normal renal function
Authors: Hou Zuoxian , Zhang Gumuyang , Ma Yixin , Xia Peng , Shi Xiaoxiao , She Wenlong , Zhao Tianzuo , Sun Hao , Chen Zhengguang , Chen Limeng 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
For decades, description of renal function has been of interest to clinicians and researchers. Serum creatinine (Scr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are familiar but also limited in many circumstances. Meanwhile, the physiological volumes of the kidney cortex and medulla are presumed to change with age and have been proven to change with decreasing kidney function.

Methods
We recruited 182 patients with normal Scr levels between October 2021 and February 2022 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) with demographic and clinical data. A 3D U-Net architecture is used for both cortex and medullary separation, and volume calculation. In addition, we included patients with the same inclusion criteria but with diabetes (PUMCH-DM test set) and diabetic nephropathy (PUMCH-DN test set) for internal comparison to verify the possible clinical value of “kidney age” (K-AGE).

Results
The PUMCH training set included 146 participants with a mean age of 47.5 ± 7.4 years and mean Scr 63.5 ± 12.3 μmol/L. The PUMCH test set included 36 participants with a mean age of 47.1 ± 7.9 years and mean Scr 66.9 ± 13.0 μmol/L. The multimodal method predicted K-AGE approximately close to the patient’s actual physiological age, with 92% prediction within the 95% confidential interval. The mean absolute error increases with disease progression (PUMCH 5.00, PUMCH-DM 6.99, PUMCH-DN 9.32).

Conclusion
We established a machine learning model for predicting the K-AGE, which offered the possibility of evaluating the whole kidney health in normal kidney aging and in disease conditions.
Minimax detection of localized signals in statistical inverse problems
Authors: Pohlmann Markus , Werner Frank , Munk Axel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate minimax testing for detecting local signals or linear combinations of such signals when only indirect data are available. Naturally, in the presence of noise, signals that are too small cannot be reliably detected. In a Gaussian white noise model, we discuss upper and lower bounds for the minimal size of the signal such that testing with small error probabilities is possible. In certain situations we are able to characterize the asymptotic minimax detection boundary. Our results are applied to inverse problems such as numerical differentiation, deconvolution and the inversion of the Radon transform.
The German and the Liechtenstein family foundation after the German foundation law reform
Authors: Meinecke Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The structure of private wealth in Germany is approaching that of many other countries, such as England, the USA and Switzerland: it is becoming intergenerational. As more and more and also substantial assets are inherited, the need for instruments to preserve and increase this wealth is growing. It is therefore not surprising that family foundations are enjoying growing demand in Germany. But the Liechtenstein foundation is also becoming increasingly popular—especially for German citizens. The article compares the two legal institutions.
Routes to Rural Readiness: Enhancing Clinical Training Experiences for Physician Assistants
Authors: Larson Eric H. , Oster Natalia V. , Jopson Andrew D. , Andrilla C. Holly A. , Pollack Samantha W. , Patterson Davis G. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe practices and experiences of rurally oriented physician assistant (PA) training programs in providing rural clinical training to PA students.

Methods
A survey of PA program directors (PDs) included questions about program characteristics, student and clinical preceptor (CP) recruitment in rural areas, and barriers to, and facilitators of, rural clinical training. Programs that considered rural training “very important” to their goals were identified. We interviewed PDs from rurally oriented programs about their rural clinical training and rural CPs about their experiences training PA students for rural practice. We identified key themes through content analysis.

Results
Of 178 programs surveyed, 113 (63.5%) responded, 61 (54.0%) of which were rurally oriented and more likely than other programs to recruit rural students or those with rural practice interests and to address rural issues in didactic curriculum. The 13 PDs interviewed linked successful rural training to finding and supporting rural preceptors who enjoy teaching and helping students understand rural communities. The 13 rural CPs identified enthusiastic and rurally interested students as key elements to successful rural training. Interviewees identified systemic barriers to rural training, including student housing, decreased productivity, competition for training slots, and administrative burden.

Conclusions
Physician assistant students can be coached to capitalize on their rural clinical experiences. Knowing how to “jump in” to rotations and having genuine interest in the community are particularly important. Student housing, competition for training slots, and lack of financial incentives are major system-level challenges for sustaining and increasing the availability of PA rural clinical training.
Effects of chlorthalidone plus amiloride compared with amlodipine on short-term blood pressure variability in individuals with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lucca Marcelo B. , Jorge Juliano A. , Cichelero Fabio T. , Martinez Denis , Borges Rogério B. , Hirakata Vania N. , Fuchs Flavio D. , Fuchs Sandra C. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
To compare the effects of chlortalidone plus amiloride and amlodipine on blood pressure (BP) variability in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA).

Methods
A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial enrolled men and women aged 40 years or older with a diagnosis of OSA (apnea-hypopnea index 10–40 apneas/h of sleep) confirmed by overnight laboratory polysomnography and systolic BP 140–159 mmHg or diastolic BP 90–99 mmHg. Participants were randomized to receive chlortalidone 25 mg plus amiloride 5 mg daily or amlodipine 10 mg daily for 8 weeks. BP variability was calculated from 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring at baseline and follow-up using the following indices: SD, coefficient of variation, average real variability (ARV), time-rate index, and variability independent of the mean (VIM).

Results
The study included 65 patients, with 33 assigned to the chlortalidone plus amiloride group and 32 to the amlodipine group. Participants in both groups had similar baseline characteristics. Short-term BP variability decreased within groups for SD and ARV indexes for 24-hour systolic BP and daytime systolic BP, but statistically significant time*group interactions were found for sleep systolic SD and VIM, with greater reduction in patients treated with amlodipine.

Conclusion
In brief, our study has shown that the use of chlorthalidone in combination with amiloride and amlodipine produces comparable effects on short-term BP variability in patients with hypertension and OSA. Therefore, our findings suggest that BP variability may not be a significant factor when choosing between these medications for the treatment of hypertension and OSA.
Conserved allomorphs of MR1 drive specificity of MR1-restricted TCRs
Authors: Cornforth Terri V , Moyo Nathifa , Cole Suzanne , Lam Emily , Lobry Tatiana , Wolchinsky Ron , Lloyd Angharad , Ward Katarzyna , Denham Eleanor M , Besra Gurdyal S , Veerapen Natacha , Illing Patricia T , Vivian Julian P , Raynes Jeremy M , Le Nours Jérôme , Purcell Anthony W , Kundu Samit , Silk Jonathan D , Williams Luke , Papa Sophie , Rossjohn Jamie , Howie Duncan , Dukes Joseph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex class-1-related protein (MR1), unlike human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-1, has until recently been reported to be monomorphic. Tumor cell-specific MR1 restricted T cell receptors (TCRs) have been described, offering potential therapeutic application for cancer treatment. We show that human T cells expressing a TCR derived from an MR1-restricted T cell clone, termed MC.7.G5 (7G5.TCRT), retain MR1-directed cytotoxicity. However, activity is not pan-cancer, as initially reported with the clone MC.7.G5. Recognition is restricted by an allelic variant of MR1 (MR1*04) which is present at approximately 1% of the population at the heterozygote level. The 7G5 TCR is not cancer specific, as 7G5.TCRT and 7G5.TCRT-like TCRs react to both cancer and healthy cells expressing MR1*04 alleles. These data demonstrate that healthy individuals can harbor T cells reactive to an MR1 variant displaying self-ligands expressed in cancer and benign tissues. Targeting MR1 in cancer will require identification of cancer-specific presented ligands, and careful confirmation of cancer specificity of TCRs. MR1*04 may behave as an alloantigen warranting further study.
Culturally Universal Temporal Dynamics of Statistical Learning in Children’s Song Contributes to Phase Entrainment and Production of Novel Information
Authors: Daikoku Tatsuya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStatistical learning is intimately linked to brain development. For example, statistical learning of language and music starts at an early age and is shown to play a significant role in acquiring the delta-band rhythm that is essential for language and music learning. However, it remains unclear how auditory cultural differences affect the statistical learning process and the resulting probabilistic and acoustic knowledge acquired through it.This study examined how children’s songs are acquired through statistical learning. This study used a Hierarchical Bayesian Statistical Learning (HBSL) model, mimicking the statistical learning processes of the brain. Using this model, we conducted a simulation experiment to visualize the temporal dynamics of perception and production processes through statistical learning among different cultures. The model learns the children’s songs (MIDI files) including English, German, Spanish, Japanese, and Korean songs as the training data. This study investigated how the model transforms the internal model over 15 trials of learning in each song. Furthermore, using the probability distribution of each model over 15 trials of learning each song, new songs were probabilistically generated.The results suggest that, in learning processes, chunking and hierarchical knowledge increased gradually through 15 rounds of statistical learning for each piece of children’s songs. In production processes, statistical learning leads to the gradual increase of delta-band rhythm (1-3 Hz). Furthermore, by combining the acquired chunks and hierarchy through statistical learning, new music can be generated gradually in comparison to the original songs (i.e., the training songs). These findings were observed consistently, irrespective of culture.The present study indicates that the innate statistical learning capacity of the brain, irrespective of cultural background, contributes to the acquisition and generation of delta-band rhythm, which is critical for acquiring language and music. It is suggested that cultural differences may not significantly modulate the statistical learning effects since statistical learning and slower rhythm processing is both essential functions in the human brain across cultures. Furthermore, statistical learning of children’s songs leads to the acquisition of hierarchical knowledge and the ability to generate novel music. This study provides a novel perspective on the developmental origins of creativity and the importance of statistical learning through early development.
Perturbations of glutathione and sphingosine metabolites in Port Wine Birthmark patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Nguyen Vi , Kravitz Jacob , Gao Chao , Hochman Marcelo L. , Meng Dehao , Chen Dongbao , Wang Yunguan , Jegga Anil G. , Nelson J Stuart , Tan Wenbin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPort Wine Birthmark (PWB) is a congenital vascular malformation in the skin, occurring in 1-3 per 1,000 live births. We recently generated PWB-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as clinically relevant disease models. The metabolites associated with the pathological phenotypes of PWB-derived iPSCs are unknown, which we aimed to explore in this study. Metabolites were separated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and were screened with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, multivariate and univariate analysis were used to identify differential metabolites (DMs). KEGG analysis was used for the enrichment of metabolic pathways. A total of 339 metabolites were identified. There were 22 DMs confirmed with 9 downregulated DMs including sphingosine and 13 upregulated DMs including glutathione in PWB iPSCs as compared to controls. Pathway enrichment analysis confirmed the upregulation of glutathione and downregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in PWB-derived iPSCs as compared to normal ones. We next examined the expression patterns of the key factors associated with glutathione metabolism in PWB lesions. We found that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1), γ-glutamyl transferase 7 (GGT7), and glutamate cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM) were upregulated in PWB vasculatures as compared to blood vessels in normal skins. Our data demonstrate that there are perturbations in sphingolipid and cellular redox homeostasis in the PWB vasculature, which may facilitate cell survival and pathological progression. Our data imply that upregulation of glutathione may contribute to laser-resistant phenotypes in the PWB vasculature.
Weak genetic draft and the Lewontin’s paradox
Authors: Achaz G , Schertzer E 
Published: July 2023

1AbstractNeutral theory assumes that in a population of sizeN, diversity results from an equilibrium between new mutations arising at rateμand genetic drift that purge them at rate 1/N, predicting an equilibrium value proportional toNμ. The difference between this expectation and the much lower observed molecular diversity is known as the Lewontin’s paradox of variation. Here, we investigate the effect of genetic draft, a regime of evolution where recurrent sparse selective sweeps entirely drive the diversity of surrounding loci. More specifically, we focus on the neglected distant effect of selective sweeps on remote neutral loci, where the effect of a single sweep is almost negligible. We derived novel mathematical approximations of this underexplored regime and show that underweak genetic draft, diversity at neutral loci is a power law of the population size:, forA <0.5, whereAis the ratio between recombination rate and coefficient of selection (A=c/s). Interestingly the Site Frequency Spectrum at neutral loci is identical to the one produced by genetic drift, as the underlying coalescent tree is ann-Kingman coalescent. In brief, weak genetic draft produces patterns of diversity that look entirely neutral, while being drastically reduced in magnitude. Ultimately, our study points to the need to explore evolutionary models for which diversity looks neutral but does not scale linearly with population size.
Invisibility and diagnosis stigma: disabling factors for female adults with myalgia encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in a small-scale qualitative study in England
Authors: Khalafbeigi Mitra , Yazdani Farzaneh , Genis Florence , Hess Ka Yan , Kirve Samita 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Female adults diagnosed with myalgia encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) often are marginalised because their condition is not fully recognised by medical and health-care systems. The purpose of this small-scale study was to explore the lived experiences of adult females with ME/CFS in England in relation to contributing factors that impact their occupational participation.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study design using semi-structured interviews was used with nine female adult participants who were selected using a purposive sampling method. A Thematic Networks tool was used to analyse data.

Findings
Four organising themes were identified: impairment-, person-, environment- and society-related factors. Two global themes, invisibility and diagnosis stigma, were identified as the overarching issues that female adults with ME/CFS face in occupational participation.

Originality/value
Many of the issues that contribute to lack of participation by this population are associated with environmental factors which are secondary to their illness.
Exploring the relationship between car brands and risky driving
Authors: Tapp Alan , Ursachi George Marian , Campsall Dan 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Critical social marketing can play a vital role in countering the consequences of behaviours toxified by commercial marketing. This paper aims to hypothesise that auto sector brand activities may be associated with riskier driving.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors hypothesised that auto sector brand activities may be associated with riskier driving. UK collision data was examined, focusing on collisions that occurred because of an “injudicious action” (risky or aggressive driving manoeuvres) and analysing this data set by comparing the incidence of vehicle brands involved.

Findings
After allowing for other effects, a gradient graph illustrated differing associations between vehicle brands and collision rates.

Practical implications
A discussion was offered, adopting the position that if such a problem exists the solutions cannot be left to the sector itself, and that socially responsible interventions may be required. A number of social marketing strategies are proposed including regulatory support, “Truth Campaign” style exposure of commercial damage, and counter-marketing that promotes safe driver behaviour.

Originality/value
This work provides valuable empirical support to the concerns raised by previous workers about the possible effects of automotive sector advertising on driving behaviour. The paper offers a concise discussion of ways forward, concluding with the novel possibility of regulating individual brands as an alternative to sector-wide regulation.