bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The return of the lesion for localization and therapy
Authors: Joutsa Juho , Lipsman Nir , Horn Andreas , Cosgrove G Rees , Fox Michael D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Historically, pathological brain lesions provided the foundation for localization of symptoms and therapeutic lesions were used as a treatment for brain diseases. New medications, functional neuroimaging and deep brain stimulation have led to a decline in lesions in the past few decades. However, recent advances have improved our ability to localize lesion-induced symptoms, including localization to brain circuits rather than individual brain regions. Improved localization can lead to more precise treatment targets, which may mitigate traditional advantages of deep brain stimulation over lesions such as reversibility and tunability. New tools for creating therapeutic brain lesions such as high intensity focused ultrasound allow for lesions to be placed without a skin incision and are already in clinical use for tremor. Although there are limitations, and caution is warranted, improvements in lesion-based localization are refining our therapeutic targets and improved technology is providing new ways to create therapeutic lesions, which together may facilitate the return of the lesion.
Evaluating the role of anxiety on the association between irritable bowel syndrome and brain volumes: a mediation analysis in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Meng Peilin , Cheng Bolun , Pan Chuyu , Liu Li , Cheng Shiqiang , Yang Xuena , Chen Yujing , Li Chun’e , Zhang Huijie , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Jingxi , He Dan , Shi Sirong , Chu Xiaoge , Cai Qingqing , Zhang Na , Qin Xiaoyue , Zhao Yijing , Wei Wenming , Jia Yumeng , Wen Yan , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There is a strong link between irritable bowel syndrome and brain volumes, yet, to date, research examining the mediators of this association has been little. Based on the phenotypic data of 15 248 participants from the UK Biobank, a two-stage mediation analysis was performed to assess the association among brain volumes, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome. In the first stage, we identified the candidate mediating role of anxiety for irritable bowel syndrome associated with brain volumes using regression models. Then, we quantified the magnitude of the mediation effects by evaluating the average causal-mediated effect and proportion of mediation through performing mediation analyses in the R package in the second stage. In the first stage, we identified the partly mediating role of anxiety in the association between irritable bowel syndrome and the volume of thalamus (Pleft = 1.16 × 10−4, Pright = 2.41 × 10−4), and grey matter (Pleft = 3.22 × 10−2, Pright = 1.18 × 10−2) in the VIIIa cerebellum. In the second stage, we observed that the proportion of the total effect of irritable bowel syndrome on volume of thalamus mediated by anxiety was 14.3% for the left region (βAverage causal-mediated effect = −0.008, PAverage causal-mediated effect = 0.004) and 14.6% for the right region (βAverage causal-mediated effect = −0.007, PAverage causal-mediated effect = 0.006). Anxiety mediated 30.8% for the left region (βAverage causal-mediated effect = −0.013, PAverage causal-mediated effect = 0.002) and 21.6% for the right region (βAverage causal-mediated effect = −0.010, PAverage causal-mediated effect x= 0.018) of the total effect of irritable bowel syndrome on the volume of grey matter in the VIIIa cerebellum. Our study revealed the indirect mediating role of anxiety in the association between irritable bowel syndrome and brain volumes, promoting our understanding of the functional mechanisms of irritable bowel syndrome and its related psychosocial factors.
Unemployment, workplace socialization, and electoral participation: evidence from Sweden
Authors: Österman Marcus , Brännlund Anton 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
How unemployment affects electoral participation is a archetypal question in political sociology and of particular relevance in economic crises; in the 1930s as well as during a pandemic. A frequent argument in the literature is that unemployment leads to political withdrawal as the unemployed have to focus on their economy and other personal matters. Some scholars, on the other hand, reason that unemployment triggers political mobilization through feelings of grievance and a strive to protest against leading politicians. However, existing empirical evidence is mixed and often suffers from limitations in data and research design. To make progress on this difficult empirical question, the present study leverages Swedish register data on turnout, spanning nine elections between 1970 and 2018. This extensive panel dataset enables us to more adequately address the causal status of the relationship by relying on the with-in individual variation in turnout. Our results report significant but modest negative effects of both unemployment in general and of losing a relatively well-paid job (job loss). The effects are driven by the young. We also find that the negative effect is less pronounced for those who have previously worked at a workplace where most colleagues participate, supporting a socialization mechanism.
Women’s aversion to majors that (seemingly) require systemizing skills causes gendered field of study choice
Authors: Combet Benita 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article examines whether gender differences in preferences for field of study characteristics can explain gendered major choice. Specifically, this study focuses on a broad range of subject characteristics that are often simultaneously present: systemizing skills required (math intensity, reasoning style, affinity for technical work tasks), future job characteristics corresponding with the male breadwinner model (materialism, work–family compatibility), and characteristics invoked by behavioural preferences (risky situations and a competitive environment). To disentangle these co-occurring characteristics and minimize the influence of other factors in the decision-making process (e.g. admission likelihood), this study uses a choice experiment incorporated in the Swiss panel study TREE. In it, a representative sample of high school students choose their preferred field of study from two artificial fields with varying characteristics. The results show the largest gender differences in preferences for characteristics related to reasoning style (abstract versus creative) and affinity for work tasks (technical versus social), and smaller differences for math intensity, competitive climate, and work–family compatibility, while there are no gender differences in preferences for materialistic characteristics (salary and prestige). Unexpectedly, the gender differences are primarily caused by female students’ preferences, while male students are neutral towards most characteristics.
Outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke while on oral anticoagulation
Authors: Benz Alexander P , Hohnloser Stefan H , Eikelboom John W , Carnicelli Anthony P , Giugliano Robert P , Granger Christopher B , Harrington Josephine , Hijazi Ziad , Morrow David A , Patel Manesh R , Seiffge David J , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Wallentin Lars , Yi Qilong , Connolly Stuart J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
The prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke while taking oral anticoagulation is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the outcomes of patients following a stroke event while on oral anticoagulation.

Methods and results
Individual participant data from five pivotal randomized trials of antithrombotic therapy in AF were used to assess the outcomes of patients with a post-randomization ischemic stroke while on study medication (warfarin, standard-, or lower-dose direct oral anticoagulant regimen) during trial follow-up. The primary outcome was recurrent ischemic stroke after the first post-randomization ischemic stroke. The primary analysis included 1163 patients with a first post-randomization ischemic stroke while on study medication (median age 73 years, 39.3% female, 35.4% history of stroke before trial enrollment). During a median continued follow-up of 337 days, 74 patients had a recurrent ischemic stroke [cumulative incidence at 1 year: 7.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.2%–8.7%]. The cumulative incidence of mortality at 3 months after stroke was 12.4% (95% CI 10.5%–14.4%). Consistent results for the incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke at 1 year were obtained in an analysis accounting for the competing risk of death (6.2%, 95% CI 4.8%–7.9%) and in a landmark analysis excluding the first 2 weeks after the index stroke and only including patients without permanent study drug discontinuation since then (6.8%, 95% CI 4.6%–8.9%).

Conclusion
Patients with AF and ischemic stroke while on oral anticoagulation are at increased risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and death. These patients currently have an unmet medical need.
Efficacy and safety of low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: trans-ancestry linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Li Jianxin , Liu Fangchao , Huang Keyong , Cao Jie , Chen Shufeng , Li Hongfan , Shen Chong , Hu Dongsheng , Huang Jianfeng , Lu Xiangfeng , Gu Dongfeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the optimal LDL-C level with regard to efficacy and safety remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal relationships between LDL-C and efficacy and safety outcomes.

Methods and results
We analyzed 353 232 British from the UK Biobank and 41 271 Chinese from the China-PAR project. Linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to evaluate the causal relation between genetically proxied LDL-C and CAD, all-cause mortality, and safety outcomes (including haemorrhagic stroke, diabetes mellitus, overall cancer, non-cardiovascular death, and dementia). No significant non-linear associations were observed for CAD, all-cause mortality, and safety outcomes (Cochran Q P &gt; 0.25 in British and Chinese) with LDL-C levels above the minimum values of 50 and 20 mg/dL in British and Chinese, respectively. Linear MR analyses demonstrated a positive association of LDL-C with CAD [British: odds ratio (OR) per unit mmol/L increase, 1.75, P = 7.57 × 10−52; Chinese: OR, 2.06, P = 9.10 × 10−3]. Furthermore, stratified analyses restricted to individuals with LDL-C levels less than the guideline-recommended 70 mg/dL demonstrated lower LDL-C levels were associated with a higher risk of adverse events, including haemorrhagic stroke (British: OR, 0.72, P = 0.03) and dementia (British: OR, 0.75, P = 0.03).

Conclusion
In British and Chinese populations, we confirmed a linear dose–response relationship of LDL-C with CAD and found potential safety concerns at low LDL-C levels, providing recommendations for monitoring adverse events in people with low LDL-C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Challenging war traditions: humanitarian discourse and the nuclear prohibition treaty
Authors: Panico Carolina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article interrogates the humanitarian discourse and the emergence of the new Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). Often acknowledged as decisive for adopting the TPNW, the humanitarian discourse is considered vital to stigmatizing nuclear weapons and their purported deterrence value. However, the literature has not thoroughly examined the mechanisms through which speaking in humanitarian terms enabled proponents of the TPNW to exercise agency, failing to appreciate the complex discursive practices sustaining power relations in nuclear politics. This article introduces a theoretical framework that can help us make sense of these complexities, while illuminating additional ways through which the humanitarian discourse contributed to the TPNW. Using a feminist post-structuralist lens, I argue that the humanitarian discourse enabled small and middle-power states to challenge war traditions that sustain dominant configurations of power in nuclear politics. Upon speaking in humanitarian terms, these states destabilized the ongoing reiteration of the protector/protected dichotomy that has placed non-nuclear states in a position of subordination. The article draws attention to how dominant assumptions of the masculine and feminine shape global politics, while advancing theoretical tools to help us grasp and seize possibilities for policy innovation and change.
A generalized order mixture model for tracing connectivity of white matter fascicles complexity in brain from diffusion MRI
Authors: Puri Ashishi , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on tracing the connectivity of white matter fascicles in the brain. In particular, a generalized order algorithm based on mixture of non-central Wishart distribution model is proposed for this purpose. The proposed algorithm utilizes the generalization of integer order based approach with the mixture of non-central Wishart distribution model. Pseudo super anomalous behavior of water diffusion inside human brain is the prime motivation of the the present study. We have shown results on multiple synthetic simulations with fibers orientations in two and three directions in each voxel as well as experiments on real data. Synthetic simulations were performed with varying noise levels and diffusion weighting gradient i.e. $b-$values. The proposed model performed outstanding especially for distinguishing closely oriented fibers.
COVID-19 immunotherapy: a mathematical model
Authors: Tavares J N , Gomes Emilie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a terrible health devastation with profoundly harmful consequences for the economic, social and political activities of communities on a global scale. Extraordinary efforts have been made by the world scientific community, who, in solidarity, shared knowledge so that effective vaccines could be produced quickly. However, it is still important to study therapies that can reduce the risk, until group immunity is reached, which, globally, will take a time that is still difficult to predict. On the other hand, the immunity time guaranteed by already approved vaccines is still uncertain. The current study proposes a therapy whose foundation lies in the important role that innate immunity may have, by preventing the disease from progressing to the acute phase that may eventually lead to the patient’s death. Our focus is on natural killer (NK) cells and their relevant role. NKs are considered the primary defence lymphocytes against virus-infected cells. They play a critical role in modulating the immune system. Preliminary studies in COVID-19 patients with severe disease suggest a reduction in the number and function of NK cells, resulting in decreased clearance of infected and activated cells and unchecked elevation of inflammation markers that damage tissue. SARS-CoV-2 infection distorts the immune response towards a highly inflammatory phenotype. Restoring the effector functions of NK cells has the potential to correct the delicate immune balance needed to effectively overcome SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mycobacterial Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV is Associated With Protein-Altering Variants in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis-Related Genes
Authors: Rocco Joseph M , Laidlaw Elizabeth , Galindo Frances , Anderson Megan , Sortino Ornella , Kuriakose Safia , Lisco Andrea , Manion Maura , Sereti Irini 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) and mycobacterial infections can develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral therapy. The pathophysiology of mycobacterial-IRIS overlaps with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH). To assess possible genetic predisposition to IRIS, protein-altering variants in genes associated with HLH were evaluated in 82 PWH and mycobacterial infections who developed IRIS (n = 56) or did not develop IRIS (n = 26). Protein-altering variants in cytotoxicity genes were found in 23.2% of IRIS patients compared to only 3.8% of those without IRIS. These findings suggest a possible genetic component in the risk of mycobacterial IRIS in PWH.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00286767, NCT02147405.
Phenotypic and genomic analysis of inulin consumption byLactiplantibacillus plantarumstrains from Sichuan pickle
Authors: Pan Wan-shu , Yang Jian-xia , Zhu Yuan-ting , Li Rui-tong , Qiao Ming-feng , Zhu Rui-yu , Wang Song 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the capability, properties, and molecular mechanism of inulin fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Sichuan pickle.Methods and resultsA total of 79 LAB strains were purified from 30 aged Sichuan pickle brine samples, and only 21 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (26.58%, 21/79) derived from 15 samples grew well through utilizing inulin as a carbon source. The fermentation tests through using long-chain inulin (lc-inulin) as a carbon source showed that only 6 L. plantarum strains grew well, while other 15 strains could only utilize short-chain oligofructose (FOS), and thin-layer chromatography analysis evidenced a strain specificity of inulin consumption patterns. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YT041 is a vigorous inulin fermenter, and whole genome sequencing data revealed that sacPTS1 and fosRABCDXE operons might be associated with the fermentation of FOS and lc-inulin, respectively.ConclusionsThe phenotype of inulin consumption is commonly present in LAB from Sichuan pickle, which is strain-specific and largely depends on their specific ecological niche and degree of polymerization.
An NLP approach to identify SDoH-related circumstance and suicide crisis from death investigation narratives
Authors: Wang Song , Dang Yifang , Sun Zhaoyi , Ding Ying , Pathak Jyotishman , Tao Cui , Xiao Yunyu , Peng Yifan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Suicide presents a major public health challenge worldwide, affecting people across the lifespan. While previous studies revealed strong associations between Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) and suicide deaths, existing evidence is limited by the reliance on structured data. To resolve this, we aim to adapt a suicide-specific SDoH ontology (Suicide-SDoHO) and use natural language processing (NLP) to effectively identify individual-level SDoH-related social risks from death investigation narratives.

Materials and Methods
We used the latest National Violent Death Report System (NVDRS), which contains 267 804 victim suicide data from 2003 to 2019. After adapting the Suicide-SDoHO, we developed a transformer-based model to identify SDoH-related circumstances and crises in death investigation narratives. We applied our model retrospectively to annotate narratives whose crisis variables were not coded in NVDRS. The crisis rates were calculated as the percentage of the group’s total suicide population with the crisis present.

Results
The Suicide-SDoHO contains 57 fine-grained circumstances in a hierarchical structure. Our classifier achieves AUCs of 0.966 and 0.942 for classifying circumstances and crises, respectively. Through the crisis trend analysis, we observed that not everyone is equally affected by SDoH-related social risks. For the economic stability crisis, our result showed a significant increase in crisis rate in 2007–2009, parallel with the Great Recession.

Conclusions
This is the first study curating a Suicide-SDoHO using death investigation narratives. We showcased that our model can effectively classify SDoH-related social risks through NLP approaches. We hope our study will facilitate the understanding of suicide crises and inform effective prevention strategies.
Nut factors associated with navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) damage to pistachio (Pistacia vera) in California (2007–2017) and implication for control
Authors: Siegel Joel P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Amyelois transitella is the primary pest of pistachios in California. The first A. transitella outbreak of the twenty-first century occurred in 2007 and a total of five outbreaks occurred between 2007 and 2017 (total insect damage &gt;1%). This study used processor information to identify the nut factors associated with the outbreaks. Processor grade sheets were used to explore the relationship between the variables time of harvest, percent nut split, percent nut dark staining, percent nut shell damage, and percent adhering hull for Low Damage (82,537 loads) and High Damage years, (92,307 loads). Total insect damage (±SD) for the Low Damage years averaged 0.005 ± 0.01 and in High Damage years was three times higher, 0.015 ± 0.02. In Low Damage years the strongest correlation was between total insect damage and two variables, percent adhering hull and dark stain (0.25, 0.23) while in High Damage years the correlation between total insect damage and percent dark stain was the highest (0.32) followed by percent adhering hull (0.19). The linkage of these nut factors to insect damage suggests that outbreak prevention depends on early identification of premature hull split/breakdown in addition to the traditional emphasis on treating the standing population of A. transitella.
Winter mortality, diversification, and self-sufficiency affect honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony profit in Canada: a model of commercial Alberta beekeepers
Authors: Bixby Miriam , Scarlett Rod , Hoover Shelley E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Canadian beekeepers faced widespread levels of high honey bee colony mortality over the winter of 2021/2022, with an average winter loss of 45%. To understand the economic impact of winter colony mortality in Canada and the beekeeping management strategies used to mitigate these losses, we develop a profit model of commercial beekeeping operations in Alberta, Canada. Our model shows that for operations engaging in commercial pollination as well as honey production (compared to honey production alone), per colony profit is higher and operations are better able to withstand fluctuations in exogenous variables such as prices and environmental factors affecting productivity including winter mortality rates. The results also suggest that beekeeping operations that replace winter colony losses with splits instead of package bees accrue higher per colony profit than those importing packages to replace losses. Further, operations that produce their own queens to use in their replacement splits, accrue even higher profit. Our results demonstrate that the profitability of beekeeping operations is dependent on several factors including winter mortality rates, colony replacement strategies, and the diversification of revenue sources. Beekeepers who are not as susceptible to price and risk fluctuations in international markets and imported bee risks accrue more consistently positive profits.