bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income Inequality and Economic Complexity in Africa: The Moderating Role of Governance Quality
Authors: Beyene Amsalu Bedemo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study examines the effect of economic complexity on income inequality through the moderating role of governance factors. It is based on data obtained from 24 African countries from 2000 to 2018 and has employed systems GMM panel method of estimation. The findings show that economic complexity (without interaction term) has a significant positive effect on income inequality. However, the coefficient of the interaction term is negative and significant implying that the adverse (positive) effect of economic complexity on inequality is significantly offset by the inclusion of governance factors. The estimated results for disaggregated governance factors also indicate similar findings to that of the aggregate indicator. All governance indicators reduce income inequality when interacting with economic complexity. The overall result entails important policy implications in that improving governance quality will help reduce the deteriorating effect of economic complexity on income inequality. This calls for taking measures to improve the performance of governance factors to at least reduce the deteriorating effect of economic complexity on income inequality.
The Effectiveness and Mechanisms of Acupuncture in Treating Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Li Ningcen , Kang Xiaochun , Zhao Tianyi , Song Jingxuan , Dong Haihang , Cheng Xinhui , Wu Sinuo , Zhou Liang , Gong YiNan , Chen Bo , Wang ShenJun , Xu Zhifang , Guo Yongming , Guo Yi , Pan Xingfang , Lyu Zhongxi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which mainly manifested by cognitive decline, affects millions of elderly people around the world. With the global aging continues to accelerate, the incidence of AD is also increasing year by year. The chronic, persistent, and irreversible decline of learning and memory ability of AD brings serious harm and economic burden to families and society. Because of its complex of pathogenesis, there is still a lack of effective treatment for AD. Acupuncture, as one of the complementary and alternative therapies, has provided a promising avenue for the treatment of AD. This study comprehensively reviews literature from the last ten years, showing that acupuncture indeed exerts strong beneficial effects on AD. Acupuncture can regulate the species and structure of the intestinal flora, repair the intestinal barrier and the brain blood barrier, prevent inflammatory cytokines and harmful substances in the intestine from entering the blood and brain to improve the cognitive impairment of AD. In addition to this, acupuncture can treat AD by regulating Aβ deposition (including inhibiting Aβ production and promoting Aβ clearance), inhibiting tau protein phosphorylation, improving the structure and function of neurons and synapses, promoting nerve regeneration, relieving chronic neuroinflammation, regulating energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow of the brain, etc. It is worth noting that the effect of acupuncture on AD is related to the selections of acupoints, the form and frequency of acupuncture, etc. Some special acupuncture methods, such as Sanjiao acupuncture and "olfactory three-needle" therapy, also provide new perspectives for AD. The therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of acupuncture on AD summarized in this study provide scientific and reliable evidence for acupuncture application for AD.
MAML-SGD:A reliable airline reschedulingalgorithm for small-sample learning based onMAML and SGD
Authors: Shen Zhiyuan , Zhao Qinshuai , Liu Yiyang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Airline rescheduling can be used to minimize the number of abnormal flightsduring the flight-plan execution process. This can improve the rate of normalflights and reduce the occurrence of flight delays and their subsequent adverseeffects. Airline rescheduling involves few samples and is also uncontrollable. Thesubjective manual reduction method has low efficiency and does not considerdaily major security and epidemic factors. Traditional machine learning methodsrequire massive data training and testing, and so are not applicable to the relativefew samples available for airline rescheduling. In this study we addressed theseproblems by establishing a set of airline rescheduling indicators by analyzing factors that influence airline rescheduling, and determined the inputs for an airlinerescheduling identification model based on a multilayer perceptron model. TheMAML (model-agnostic meta-learning)-SGD (stochastic gradient descent) airlinerescheduling algorithm was proposed to enable the identification model to learnand classify flights using few samples. By using historical data for GuangzhouBaiyun International Airport from May to September 2021 to train and testthe model, the airline rescheduling accuracy of the model reached 97% usingthis algorithm, which was markedly higher than that achievable using traditionalmachine-learning models such as SVM(support vector machines). Compared withthe identification model that uses an SGD algorithm to iteratively update parameters, this algorithm can maintain the stability of the gradient descent during thetraining and testing processes of the model.
The Relationship between Perfectionism, Psychiatric disorders and Use of Mental Health Services in Adolescence: Results from a National Patient Register Linkage Study
Authors: Sand Liv , Bøe Tormod , Stormark Kjell Morten , Bjåstad Jon F. , Hysing Mari 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine perfectionism among adolescents in relation to psychiatric disorders and contact with child and adolescent mental health care services (CAMHS). The sample consisted of adolescents (16–19 years) who participated in the youth@hordaland survey and consented to a linkage to the patient registry data (n = 9072, 53.2% girls). Those who had received help from CAMHS (n = 933, 10.3%) were categorized as the clinical group, while the remaining adolescents (n = 8139, 89.7%) defined a reference group. Perfectionism was measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 as a sum score (EDI-P) and subscales for Self-Oriented (SOP) and Socially-Oriented (SPP) perfectionism. The clinical group scored higher on SPP than the reference group (1.99, SD = 1.75, vs. 1.88, SD = 1.56, p < .05), but not on EDI-P or SOP. There were more high scorers in the clinical group than the reference group for EDI-P (11.8% vs. 8.9%, p < .01) and SPP (11.9% vs. 6.7%, p < .001), but not for SOP. Adolescents with depression and eating disorders scored higher on all dimensions of perfectionism compared to the reference group, also when adjusting for sex. Perfectionism was higher in the clinical group than the reference group, and this was more pronounced for SPP than SOP. Only depression and eating disorders were associated with elevated perfectionism scores in the clinical group. Perfectionism should be targeted in future longitudinal studies as well as in clinical interventions in other to strengthen the mental health among adolescents.
Generation of high-power and highly collimated X-rays through cross-collision between relativistic electron and tightly focused intense laser pulse
Authors: Yang Qingyu , Wang Yubo , Li Xingyu , Tian Youwei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear cross Thomson scattering (NCTS) is the process that an electron cross-collides with a laser pulse, which has potential as a high-quality X-ray source. This paper reports a method to generate sideways X-ray with high power and good collimation through NCTS based on classical electrodynamics, through numerical simulation. When NCTS happens between a relativistic electron and a tightly focused circular polarized intense laser pulse, the initial distance of the electron with the interaction area has a significant effect of electron motion and radiation. The spatial radiation shows a shape of lying ‘U’, whose peak power increases first and then decreases as initial distance increasing. The peak power is more concentrate and is 31.4% higher than that of nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering. Changing the initial distance of electron can modulate the direction of NCTS radiation from 60° to 90° to the electron incident direction. The cut-off wavelength of its super continuity spectrum reaches 6.67Å. These results are helpful for understanding nonlinear Thomson scattering and designing practical high-quality X-ray sources.
Human Resource Management in the Egyptian Healthcare System, Physician Immigration
Authors: Magdy Ahmed , Elhosseiny Islam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Egypt is a developing country with a large population served by a healthcare system facing many challenges. Physician immigration is an imminent healthcare system danger that urges prompt interventions.
Methods
Qualitative research through 30 minutes interviews with Egyptian physicians from different backgrounds.
Results
25 interviews were conducted with Egyptian physicians from different specialties, in different career stages inside and outside of Egypt. Underpayment, sense of insecurity, non-efficient healthcare system, and social issues were among the top reasons to leave the country or drop the profession based on the interviews. Better working environment, legislative changes, and serious improvements in healthcare services are the main suggested solutions to the dilemma.
Conclusion
There are rising numbers of physicians are leaving Egypt or dropping out of the profession. There reasons include stressful working environment, low payment, insecurity, and better alternatives internationally. The government is exerting solutions that are not meeting up the expectations of physicians and healthcare personnel in general.
Monte Carlo optimization based QSAR modeling, molecular docking studies and ADMET predictions of compounds with antiMES activity
Authors: Živadinović Biljana , Stamenović Jelena , Živadinović Jelena , Živadinović Lazar , Živadinović Aleksandar , Stojanović Miloš , Lazarević Milan , Sokolović Dušan , Veselinović Aleksandar M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper deals with QSAR modeling-based Monte Carlo optimization. The molecular descriptors involve the local molecular graph invariants and the SMILES notation for the molecules whose anti-MES activity is active against maximal electroshock seizure (MES). The developed QSAR model was validated with the use of various statistical parameters, such as the correlation coefficient, cross-validated correlation coefficient, standard error of estimation, mean absolute error, root-mean-square error Rm2, MAE-based metrics, the Fischer ratio as well as the correlation ideality index. Along with the robustness of the developed QSAR model, the used statistical methods yielded an excellent predictability potential. The discovered molecular fragments utilized for the preparation of the computer-aided design of the new compounds were thought to have led to the increase and decrease of the examined activity. Molecular docking studies were referred to when making the final assessment of the designed inhibitors. This emphasized excellent correlation with QSAR modeling results. The computation of physicochemical descriptors was conducted in order to predict ADME parameters, pharmacokinetic properties, the drug-like nature and medicinal chemistry friendliness, with the aim of supporting drug discovery. Based on the results, all the designed molecules indicate the presence of high drug-likeness.
Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs modulate the prognosis of MIBC by regulating the expression pattern of immunosuppressive molecules within the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Duan Huangqi , Shen Yu , Wang Chen , Xia Weimin , Zhang Shun , Yu Shenggen , Xu Ding , Cao Qifeng , Liu Hailong , Shen Haibo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCuproptosis-related gene and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) modulation of cancer regulation is well-established. This investigation aimed to elucidate the prognostic implications of cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Employing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and IMvigor210 cohorts, bioinformatics and statistical analyses probed the prognostic relevance of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs. Co-expression analysis revealed tight associations between lncRNA expression and cuproptosis-linked genes, with 13 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs found to correlate with MIBC prognosis. Lasso regression identified a six-lncRNA prognostic signature, enabling patient stratification into high- and low-risk categories. Tissue validation substantiated differential expression of FAM13A-AS1, GHRLOS, LINC00456, OPA1-AS1, RAP2C-AS1, and UBE2Q1-AS1 between MIBC tumor and normal tissues. Comparative analyses of tumor microenvironments and immune profiles between risk groups disclosed elevated immunosuppressive molecule expression, including programmed cell death-1 (PD-L1) and T-cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3), in high-risk individuals. These findings suggest that cuproptosis-related lncRNAs modulate immune responses within the tumor microenvironment, thereby influencing MIBC tumorigenesis and progression. Further exploration is warranted to unveil novel therapeutic targets for MIBC based on the expression patterns of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and their impact on immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.
Sandwich-Type Planar Chiral Metamaterials for Tuning Circular Dichroism
Authors: Bian Wanlu , Zhu Guodong , Ma Fengcai , Fang Yurui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chiral metasurfaces exhibit significant circular dichroism (CD) and chiral signal enhancement, which has the potential to be used in novel nano-optical devices. This work describes a bilayer resonant planar chiral metasurface (PCM) composed of И and N-shaped gold nanoparticles. It is found that in the near-infrared region, the structure has obvious optical active and chiral near-field enhancement. To explore the origin of chirality, linear superposition theory is applied to analyze chiral response intuitively and concisely. What’s more, the dependence of the CD spectra on the PCM parameters was thoroughly explored, showing that the CD properties of the proposed PCM arrays strongly depend on the geometric parameters and material type. The bilayer PCM array proposed in this paper not only has a strong chiral signal but also is easy to prepare experimentally. More importantly, the spectrum of PCM can be adjusted by simply adjusting the particle rotation angle and changing the material of the dielectric layer, which has broad potential application prospects in the fields of chiral molecular biosensing and asymmetric information transmission.
WITHDRAWN: Investigation of the mechanical characteristics of counterfort and relief shelves composite retaining wall
Authors: Yang Miao , Wang Ying , Xiao Shenghan , Guo Hao , Dong Jianxun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The counterfort and relief shelf composite retaining wall can decrease the lateral earth pressure, with the T-shape variable section beam as the tension member being an effective solution for high fill slope engineering. However, research on this kind of retaining wall is limited, and investigating the lateral earth pressure distribution law, and mechanical and deformation characteristics of the composite structure is necessary. In this paper, three model tests were conducted, including a counterfort structure, a structure with short relief shelves, and a structure with long relief shelves; the lateral earth pressures, buttress stresses, and structural displacements were measured. The results revealed that the lateral earth pressures, buttress stresses, and displacements of composite structures were smaller than those of the counterfort retaining wall under the same conditions. Longer relief shelves exert a lower lateral earth pressure, but the difference in buttress stresses and displacement is not obvious. The displacement curve of the composite retaining wall was similar to that of the counterfort retaining wall, conforming to the bending deformation of the cantilever beam. Due to the differences among the bending moment derived from the test, the theoretical lateral earth pressure, and that calculated from the test buttress stress, this study hypothesizes that some force is exerted in the lower part of the unloading zone, which should be further researched.
Comprehensive characterization of inflammatory cells reveals novel molecular typing of biliary atresia
Authors: Li Tengfei , Zheng Qipeng , Wang Xueting , Yang Qianhui , Li Mengdi , Xu Xiaodan , Zhao Yilin , Zhao Fangyuan , Zhang Ruifeng , Wang Zhiru , Sun Rongjuan , Liu Shaowen , Musha Jiayinaxi , Zhang Yanran , Zhan Jianghua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Biliary Atresia (BA) is a severe cholangiopathy that affects the liver's bile ducts in pediatric patients. Ongoing research has identified a range of factors that may be contributing to the development of BA, with inflammation and fibrosis being among the most widely studied. However, it is essential to acknowledge that not all patients present with these etiological mechanisms. The significance of inflammation-associated cells as a contributing factor in BA is increasingly being recognized. Our approach to re-classifying BA involves integrating gene microarray data and scRNA-seq data, enabling us to provide customized clinical treatment and facilitating mechanistic studies.
Methods: The BA microarray dataset GSE15235, containing gene expression data from BA and normal liver, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. To validate our findings, we used an additional dataset (GSE46960) as a replication cohort. By analysis of the immune microenvironment, eight types of inflammation-associated immune cells were used for typing research. The combination of enrichment analysis and clinical data revealed the characteristics of each subtype. An effective method for identifying BA typing through machine learning algorithms. The immune landscape of biliary atresia T and NK cells was further analyzed by combining scRNA-seq datasets.
Results: Two novel subtypes of inflammation were identified, the highly immune-activated C1 subtype and the lowly immune-activated C2 subtype. The C1 subtype exhibits an enhanced inflammatory response accompanied by a high infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages M1. On the other hand, the C2 subtype exhibits cell cycle activation, enhanced lipid metabolic activity, and stronger fibrosis accompanied by a high infiltration of CD8+ T cells and NK cells. CD8+ T cells may promote value-added and differentiation through signaling pathways such as CD99, CLEC, and ITGB2, further leading to fibrosis.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we have defined two novel inflammatory subtypes and offered the possibility to identify and treat them. The role of neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, and CD16+ NK cells in BA deserve to be further explored.
Political Economy of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Prevention and Control in Lebanon: Identifying Challenges and Opportunities for Policy Change and Care Provision Reforms
Authors: Bou-Orm Ibrahim R. , Loffreda Giulia , Diaconu Karin , Witter Sophie , deVos Pol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction.
Lebanon is a middle-income country facing substantial fragility features. Its health profile shows a high burden of NCD morbidity and mortality. This paper intends to analyse the political economy of NCD Prevention and control in Lebanon.
Methods.
A literature-based, single-case study research design was adopted using a problem-driven political economy analysis framework. Peer-reviewed publications and documents from the grey literature were retrieved without restrictions on language or date.
Results.
Lebanon’s political instability and fragile governance negatively affect its capacity to adapt a Health-in-All-Policies approach to NCD prevention and enable the blocking of NCD prevention policies by opposed stakeholders. Recent economic crises limit the fiscal capacity that could be used to address health financing issues and resulting health inequities. NCD care provision is twisted by powerful stakeholders towards a hospital-centred model with a powerful private sector. Stakeholders like the MOPH, UN agencies, and NGOs have been pushing towards changing the existing care model towards a primary care model. An incremental reform has been adopted to strengthen a network of primary care centres, support them with health technologies and improve the quality of PHC services. Nevertheless, outpatient services that are covered by other public funds remain specialist-led without much institutional regulation.
Conclusion.
Our study revealed a locked equilibrium in NCD prevention policymaking in Lebanon, but with incremental progress in service delivery reforms towards a PHC model. Advocacy and close monitoring by policy entrepreneurs (such as civil society) could initiate and sustain the implementation of policy change and care model reforms.
Numerical Solution of the Burgers’ Equation Using Chelyshkov Polynomials
Authors: ARAR NOURIA , DEGHDOUGH BOUCHRA , DEKKICHE SOUAD , TORCH ZINEB , NAGY A. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper proposes a numerical method to approximate the solution of the nonlinear Burgers’ equation. The approach utilizes the Crank-Nicolson scheme for temporal discretization, leading to a discrete formulation and approximations of the solution at each time step. These approximations are then expressed using the Chelyshkov polynomial basis. The system of nonlinear equations resulting from this transformation is solved using Newton’s method to determine the unknowns. To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, three numerical examples are presented. A comparison with existing literature demonstrates that the method is more accurate and efficient in producing calculations.
AMS 33C45, 65N06, 65M70.
Socioeconomic and biophysical factors affect tree diversity in farms producing specialty coffee in Caranavi, Bolivia
Authors: Torrico Gabriel G. , Alvarado Nayra Antezana , Pacheco Luis F. , Benavides‑Frias Camila , Jacobi Johanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Specialty coffee (SC) production enables farmers to earn premium prices for high-quality coffee. In Bolivia, some coffee-based agroforestry systems (CAFS) produce SC. However, while many Bolivian families’ livelihoods depend on coffee, studies on SC-producing CAFS remain scarce. Yet, research on tree diversity, CAFS management and the factors affecting tree diversity can offer novel insights on agroforestry. We sampled 24 farms in three villages located in the Caranavi municipality. We analyzed farms main characteristics, biophysical variables, shade tree diversity, tree uses, management practices and farmers’ socioeconomic background. Additionally, we surveyed 50 coffee farmers to collect information about their preferences for shade tree species and tree characteristics. Then, we investigated if farmers’ socioeconomic and farm biophysical variables affect CAFS tree species richness and tree density using generalized linear models (GLM). Our results showed that studied farms are small and certified properties (average: 2.6 ha) managed by families; we observed that CAFS provide farmers with valuable products besides SC. We identified 85 tree species that provide principally shade for coffee and fruits, timber, lumber and medicines. Moreover, farmers prefer mostly shade tree species that offer them useful and marketable products, while tree characteristics are preferred according to their benefits to coffee and farmers. GLM revealed that socioeconomic and biophysical variables related to management and landscape composition affect: tree species richness and density. These results suggest that management and landscape are influential factors driving CAFS tree diversity. Hence, factors fostering farmers’ ability to manage their CAFS for biodiversity and household wellbeing should be promoted.