bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Tuberculosis Patients: a Cross-Sectional Study Using the EuroQoL EQ-5D-3L Scale
Authors: Amer Muhammad , Akhlaq Muhammad , Rafique Maryam , Fatima Seerat , Shafqat Iqra , Abbasi Aasiya Haqiq , Naqvi Syeda Urooj , Pokhrel Ashmita , Fatima Anam , Ahmed Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients is important since TB significantly affects the patient’s health and sufferings worldwide. HRQoL indicates the consciousness of patients regarding their physical and mental health. It is, therefore, very relevant in comprehending and measuring the exact impact of the disease state. The current study assessed the HRQoL of TB patients and the correlation between the EQ-5D index score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in February–March, 2022, at Rawalpindi Leprosy Hospital. A total of 400 patients with TB were included in the study. HRQoL was measured by using a validated Urdu version of EuroQol 5 dimensions 3 level (EQ-5D-3L) and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The overall mean score of EQ-5D and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score were (0.56 ± 0.43) and (65.56 ± 17.02), respectively. The correlation coefficient of r = 0.521 between VAS and EQ-5D indicates that our results are statistically significant. Multivariate linear regression analysis implied that gender and education have a significant impact on the patient quality of life. The current study indicated that tuberculosis negatively affects the mental health, social function, and emotional aspects of the patient’s quality of life. The HRQoL data from this study could be used to design future interventions and help prescribers to gain insight into the factors in which patient’s health-related quality of life can be improved.
Disruption, Slowness, and Collective Effervescence: Children’s Perspectives on COVID-19 Lockdowns
Authors: Fattore Tobia , Drake Gabrielle , Falloon Jan , Mason Jan , Mogensen Lise 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic represented not only a health crisis, but a social crisis for children, one that has disrupted notions of what a good childhood is. However, the longer-term implications of the pandemic are still to be seen, for children, their families and communities. This article is concerned with what these ongoing changes may be, based on a qualitative multi-stage study that asks children about their experiences of well-being before the pandemic, during lockdowns and post-COVID-19 lockdowns. This included asking seven children in online semi-structured interviews about what aspects of life brought on by COVID-19 restrictions they would like to see continue post-lockdown. We outline some of our findings. We describe new rituals and ways of organising time developed by children, facilitated by the use of digital technologies. We describe these new ways of managing time as task-based rather than rule-based, with children experiencing slowness of and greater control over their time. We found that lockdowns provided a possibility for children to assert a public agency through banal acts of sociability, for example, by conforming to public health measures such as mask-wearing and hand-washing. Whilst small acts, children discussed these in terms of being moral agents (protecting the safety of others) and as part of a larger civic attitude they observed around them. Thus, their acts can be seen as expressions of larger forms of social solidarity that contributed to a sense of collective effervescence.
Recent advances in understanding of the epigenetic regulation of plant regeneration
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Zhu Kehui , Xiao Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEver since the concept of “plant cell totipotency” was first proposed in the early twentieth century, plant regeneration has been a major focus of study. Regeneration-mediated organogenesis and genetic transformation are important topics in both basic research and modern agriculture. Recent studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and other species have expanded our understanding of the molecular regulation of plant regeneration. The hierarchy of transcriptional regulation driven by phytohormone signaling during regeneration is associated with changes in chromatin dynamics and DNA methylation. Here, we summarize how various aspects of epigenetic regulation, including histone modifications and variants, chromatin accessibility dynamics, DNA methylation, and microRNAs, modulate plant regeneration. As the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation are conserved in many plants, research in this field has potential applications in boosting crop breeding, especially if coupled with emerging single-cell omics technologies.
Fostering the Circular Economy with Blockchain Technology: Insights from a Bibliometric Approach
Authors: Corsini Filippo , Gusmerotti Natalia Marzia , Frey Marco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The circular economy is an emerging paradigm with important economic, environmental, and societal implications. As the world faces such paradigm shifts, new and radical technologies are urgently needed to enable it; blockchain technology can assist to accomplish the aforementioned circular economy shift given its decentralization and distributiveness principles as well as its smart contract capability. This study represents one of the first attempts to analyze those academic research domains together adopting a science mapping technique. By adopting such approach, the study envisages research challenges, highlights important research gaps, and proposes future paths in the blockchain and circular economy fields. Among the others, key findings show that blockchain technology as a tool for promoting the circular economy has been extensively researched at the micro (i.e., firm) and meso levels (i.e., supply chain) more effort on how blockchain can support the development of circular smart cites and measurement tools for providing information to stakeholders and assisting in policy creation expresses the greatest potential in terms of novel research. Moreover, the research suggests that another possible stream of research might be dealing on how blockchain together with physical technologies (e.g., 3D printing, RFID), can support the transition towards the circular economy.
Reorganizing the Escudo Zone: Portuguese Monetary Policy and Empire-Union in Africa in the 1960s
Authors: Mata Maria Eugénia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the 1960s, the escudo zone, comprising Portugal and its African colonies, countered the trend of European decolonization. The Portuguese state reorganized monetary relations in the empire-state with the help of a new legal framework. The aim of this imperial economic reorganization was to establish a balance of payment relations which was expected to facilitate Portugal’s economic modernization and the country’s association with liberalizing economies in Western Europe that were experiencing rapid economic growth. However, the escudo zone soon became dysfunctional. Mata explains why the designs of economy building in a Portuguese empire-state could not be realized, given the trend toward independent political and economic development in Lusophone Africa.
Projected sea-level contributions from tidewater glaciers are highly sensitive to chosen bedrock topography: a case study at Hansbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Möller Marco , Navarro Francisco , Huss Matthias , Marzeion Ben 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCalculation of the calving loss of tidewater glaciers depends on accurate bedrock information. In regional to global-scale projections of future tidewater glacier evolution this dependence is problematic. Bedrock topographies are often unknown and can only be modelled from surface properties. Existing approaches, however, mostly underestimate the ice thickness towards the calving fronts of marine-terminating glaciers. This implies a compromised performance of global-scale projection models which often employ functions of water depth at the calving fronts of tidewater glaciers. Here, we present a sensitivity study that analyses the impact of five different bedrock datasets on projected mass losses from the tidewater glacier Hansbreen in southern Svalbard. Our modelling study calculates the glacier's response to artificial mass-balance forcing. We show that bedrock inaccuracies may lead to a substantially deviating retreat behaviour. The common underestimation of frontal ice thickness/water depth in the modelled bedrock datasets induces an underestimation of sea level-relevant mass losses over the first several decades of modelling. The duration of this period is reduced when assuming warmer climates. Our results thus underline the importance of accurate bedrock topography data for the reliability of glacier evolution projections and for the accuracy of the temporal trajectories of related sea level-relevant mass losses.
Sympatric speciation driving evolution of Late Ordovician brachiopodZygospirain eastern North America
Authors: Sproat Colin D. , McLeod Jessica S.A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe morphology ofZygospira, an early atrypide brachiopod, was analyzed using a multivariate approach. Principal component analysis and discriminant analysis clearly differentiated species as they are currently defined primarily based on differences in shell size and ornamentation but not in terms of overall shell shape. The olderZygospira modestawas able to persist into the late Katian (Richmondian) while smaller early species in other brachiopod lineages mostly went extinct. This may have been possible through niche partitioning because the smaller shells have been found attached to other filter feeders and no larger species have been found in these associations so far. This could represent a rare example of sympatric speciation preserved in the fossil record. In the future, detailed study of the spiralia and their associated structures may provide clues as to the ultimate evolutionary affinities of this group in relation to the other atrypide brachiopods evolving at this time.
Miocene instead of Jurassic: the importance of sound fieldwork for paleontological data analysis
Authors: Fürsich Franz T. , Bhosale Suraj , Alberti Matthias , Pandey Dhirendra K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA diverse molluscan assemblage dominated by turritellid gastropods found in Kachchh, western India, has been interpreted in the past as Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) in age, based on associated undoubtedly Oxfordian ammonites. Recently, several investigations focused on the assemblage dealing with taxonomic, paleoecological, and evolutionary aspects. An analysis of the associated bivalve fauna, foraminiferal assemblage, and the geological context strongly suggests a Miocene rather than a Jurassic age and invalidates several conclusions drawn from the alleged Jurassic age of the fossils.
“They Have No Property to Lose”: The Impasse of Free Labour in Lombard Silk Manufactures (1760–1810)
Authors: Avellino Lorenzo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the abolition of the guild system and the rise of a new legal regime based on free contract, a central dilemma emerged in Europe: how to enforce labour control in this new era of individual economic freedom. This article examines how this issue was addressed in the State of Milan, where ideas about freedom of contract championed by state reformers such as Pietro Verri and Cesare Beccaria were met with continued requests from merchant-manufacturers to apply corporal punishment and threat of imprisonment to ensure workers’ attendance. Analysing the new regulations, the ideological credos of the new regime, and the effectiveness of the reforms as they played out on the ground in the silk industry, this article shows that the chance that labour relations could be managed within a civil law regime appeared to be in direct contrast with the dominant conception of workers’ conditions, in particular their lack of propriety and good faith. As credit-debt bonds and limitations to weavers’ mobility stood as the most effective means to ensure labour coercion, a closer look at the daily interactions in the workshop allows us to shed new light on the rationality of workers’ practices like Saint Monday, cast by contemporary commentators in merely moralistic terms.
Director Job Security and Corporate Innovation
Authors: Hsu Po-Hsuan , Lü Yiqing , Wu Hong , Xuan Yuhai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, we show that firms can become conservative in innovation when their directors face job insecurity. We find that after the staggered enactment of majority voting legislation that strengthens shareholders’ power in director elections, firms produce fewer patents, particularly exploratory patents, and fewer forward citations. This effect is stronger for directors facing higher dismissal costs or threats and for firms with greater needs for board expertise and is mitigated by institutional investors’ expertise in innovation. Overall, our results suggest that heightened job insecurity induces director myopia, which leads to a reduction in investment in risky, long-term innovation projects.
Planarians to schistosomes: an overview of flatworm cell-types and regulators
Authors: Lee J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts over 200 million people globally. Schistosomes, the aetiological agent of schistosomiasis, are parasitic flatworms that propagate between molluscan and mammalian hosts. Inside the mammalian host, schistosomes rapidly grow over 100-fold in size and develop into a sexually mature male or female that thrives in the bloodstream for several decades. Recent work has identified schistosome stem cells as the source that drives parasite transmission, reproduction and longevity. Moreover, studies have begun to uncover molecular programmes deployed by stem cells that are essential for tissue development and maintenance, parasite survival and immune evasion. Such programmes are reminiscent of neoblast-driven development and regeneration of planarians, the free-living flatworm relative of schistosomes. Over the last few decades, research in planarians has employed modern functional genomic tools that significantly enhanced our understanding of stem cell-driven animal development and regeneration. In this review, we take a broad stroke overview of major flatworm organ systems at the cellular and molecular levels. We summarize recent advances on genetic regulators that play critical roles in differentiation and maintenance of flatworm cell types. Finally, we provide perspectives on how investigation of basic parasite biology is critical to discovering new approaches to battle schistosomiasis.
Urbanicity and rates of untreated psychotic disorders in three diverse settings in the Global South
Authors: Roberts Tessa , Susser Ezra , Lee Pow Joni , Donald Casswina , John Sujit , Raghavan Vijaya , Ayinde Olatunde , Olley Bola , Miguel Esponda Georgina , Lam Joseph , Murray Robin M. , Cohen Alex , Weiss Helen A. , Hutchinson Gerard , Thara Rangaswamy , Gureje Oye , Burns Jonathan ,   INTREPID Group, Morgan Craig 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtensive evidence indicates that rates of psychotic disorder are elevated in more urban compared with less urban areas, but this evidence largely originates from Northern Europe. It is unclear whether the same association holds globally. This study examined the association between urban residence and rates of psychotic disorder in catchment areas in India (Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu), Nigeria (Ibadan, Oyo), and Northern Trinidad.MethodsComprehensive case detection systems were developed based on extensive pilot work to identify individuals aged 18–64 with previously untreated psychotic disorders residing in each catchment area (May 2018–April/May/July 2020). Area of residence and basic demographic details were collected for eligible cases. We compared rates of psychotic disorder in the more v. less urban administrative areas within each catchment area, based on all cases detected, and repeated these analyses while restricting to recent onset cases (<2 years/<5 years).ResultsWe found evidence of higher overall rates of psychosis in more urban areas within the Trinidadian catchment area (IRR: 3.24, 95% CI 2.68–3.91), an inverse association in the Nigerian catchment area (IRR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.91) and no association in the Indian catchment area (IRR: 1.18, 95% CI 0.93–1.52). When restricting to recent onset cases, we found a modest positive association in the Indian catchment area.ConclusionsThis study suggests that urbanicity is associated with higher rates of psychotic disorder in some but not all contexts outside of Northern Europe. Future studies should test candidate mechanisms that may underlie the associations observed, such as exposure to violence.
Conceivability and perfect being theology
Authors: Leftow Brian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccording to Jeff Speaks, one sort of perfect being theology takes its rise from a description of God as the greatest conceivable being. Speaks offers two problems for this project. One is finding a suitable sense of ‘conceivable’. The other concerns what he calls ‘troublemakers’, attributes that seem to show that God cannot be the greatest conceivable being. Speaks brings these together in a dilemma.
Thoughts on the etymologies ofennandhinnin Nordic
Authors: Lander Eric T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis contribution focuses on Stroh-Wollin’s (2020 inNJL) etymologies of the Nordic definite articlesennandhinnand contrastivehinn/hitt. While I do not contest her central claim that Old Icelandicennand Mainland Scandinavianhinnhave separate historical origins, I do argue that her etymologies should not be accepted over more conventional ones already present in the literature. First, the etymology ofennshould, along traditional lines, be connected to Germanic cognates such as Gothicjain-, Germanjen-, and Englishyon(rather than derived from an ancient PIE *eno-).1Furthermore, contrastivehinn/hittand definitehinn/hitshould be considered a doublet, both ultimately deriving from a distal/contrastive element (rather than the article having separate origins in an innovated Proto-Nordic proximal demonstrative).
Response to COVID-19 in Lebanon: update, challenges and lessons learned
Authors: Abou Hassan Farouk F. , Bou Hamdan Mirna , Ali Farah , Melhem Nada M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health problem threatening national and global health security. The socio-economic impact of COVID-19 was more severe on developing countries including Lebanon, especially due to the fragile healthcare system, weak surveillance infrastructure and lack of comprehensive emergency preparedness and response plans. Lebanon has been struggling with plethora of challenges at the social, economic, financial, political and healthcare levels prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon revealed gaps and challenges across the spectrum of preparedness and response to emergencies. Despite these challenges, the Lebanese response was successful in delaying the steep surge of COVID-19 cases and hospitalisations through imposing strict public health and social measures. The deployment of the national vaccination plan in Lebanon in February 2021 coincided with the reduction in the number of cases and hospitalisation rates. The aim of this manuscript is to advance the epidemiologic evolution of COVID-19 in Lebanon pre- and post-vaccination, the challenges affecting the response and recovery, and the lessons learned.
Antibiotic resistance genes and taxa analysis from mat and planktonic microbiomes of Antarctic perennial ice-covered Lake Fryxell and Lake Bonney
Authors: Tallada Sheetal , Hall Grant , Barich Daniel , Morgan-Kiss Rachael M. , Slonczewski Joan L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe perennial ice-covered lakes of the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys harbour oligotrophic microbial communities that are separated geographically from other aquatic systems. Their microbiomes include planktonic microbes as well as lift-off mat communities that emerge from the ice. We used the ShortBRED protein family profiler to quantify the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from metagenomes of lift-off mats emerging from ice and from filtered water samples of Lake Fryxell and Lake Bonney. The overall proportion of ARG hits was similar to that found in temperate-zone rural ponds with moderate human inputs. Specific ARGs showed distinct distributions for the two lakes and for mat vs planktonic sources. Metagenomic taxa distributions showed that mat phototrophs consisted mainly of cyanobacteria or Betaproteobacteria, whereas the water column phototrophs were mainly protists. An enrichment culture of the Betaproteobacterium Rhodoferax antarcticus from a Lake Fryxell mat sample showed an unusual mat-forming phenotype not previously reported for this species. Its genome showed no ARGs associated with Betaproteobacteria but had ARGs consistent with a minor Pseudomonas component. The Antarctic lake mats and water showed specific ARGs distinctive to the mat and water sources, but overall ARG levels were similar to those of temperate water bodies with moderate human inputs.
On reduction and normalization in the computational core
Authors: Faggian Claudia , Guerrieri Giulio , de’ Liguoro Ugo , Treglia Riccardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the reduction in a
$\lambda$
-calculus derived from Moggi’s computational one, which we call the computational core. The reduction relation consists of rules obtained by orienting three monadic laws. Such laws, in particular associativity and identity, introduce intricacies in the operational analysis. We investigate the central notions of returning a value versus having a normal form and address the question of normalizing strategies. Our analysis relies on factorization results.
A new kind of segmented mill from Africa Proconsularis
Authors: Souissi Skander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper attempts an overview of new kind of segmented mill, examples of which have been found at Thysdrus (El Jem) and Zama in Africa Proconsularis. These grain mills are quite different morphologically and technically from other mills in the ancient Mediterranean world. These rare archaeological finds are not discussed in the ancient literature or in modern scholarship, leaving them difficult to understand. This article explores the history of segmented mills and the operation and dating of this African mill type.