bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Teachers’ Entrustable Professional Activities for Clinical Education a five-star clinical educator
Authors: Shafian Sara , Okhovati Maryam , Azemian Azaded , Zadeh Mohammad Reza Lashkari , Ilaghi Mehran 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction A medical teacher has a wide range of roles and responsibilities that vary from a clinical teacher to a trainer and finally a clinical specialist. Most medical teachers receive limited training to prepare them to provide effective teaching and clinical supervision. the current study aims to develop core entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for medical teachers related to more effective clinical education.
Methods This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase focused on defining an initial set of EPAs. The second phase focused on developing this set via a nominal group technique (NGT) among 15 faculty clinical specialties until a consensus was reached.
Results The total of 29 EPAs in the five dimensions were agreed upon by more than 70% of the participants. Most of the activities were identified in the curriculum planning activities (n=11). Further details on the characteristics identified in each of the five dimensions of the EPAs of a five-star teacher are provided.
Conclusion Findings showed that One of the core EPAs for training the current generation of medical students is using enhanced technologies. Medical teachers should acquire these competencies by using faculty development programs.
DABCO-catalyzed highly regioselective synthesis of novel 4H-pyrano[2,3- b]quinoline derivatives: three‑component domino strategy
Authors: Heydari Masumeh , Mohammadi Ali A. , Mosleh Mohammad R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A highly regioselective multicomponent synthesis via DABCO-mediated knoevenagel condensation/heterocyclization sequence has been executed. An efficient and fast-track protocol has been used for preparing O-heterocyclic compounds under metal-free conditions. The one pot three-component reaction of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde and two diverse cyclic active methylenes (dimedone and barbituric acid) for the synthesis of 4H-pyrano[2,3-b]quinoline has been accomplished under mild condition. The strategy included herein shows significant advantages including a facile process with easy purification, excellent yields, wide applicability, available substrates and cost-effective and eco-friendly solvent and catalyst.
Tilt-evoked, breathing-driven blood pressure oscillations: Independence from baroreflex-sympathoneural function
Authors: Grabov Edward , Sullivan Patti , Wang Siqi , Goldstein David S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Orthostasis often increases blood pressure (BP) variability. Low-frequency (LF) BP oscillations (Mayer waves) are related to baroreflex-mediated alterations in sympathetic cardiovascular outflow. Effects of orthostasis on high frequency (HF) BP oscillations at the periodicity of respiration (Traube-Hering waves) have received relatively little research attention. A previously reported patient with post-neurosurgical orthostatic hypotension (OH) and baroreflex-sympathoneural failure had large tilt-evoked, breathing-driven BP oscillations, suggesting such oscillations can occur independently of baroreflex-sympathoneural modulation. We therefore assessed effects of orthostasis on BP variability in the frequency domain in patient cohorts with or without OH.
Methods
Power spectral analysis of systolic BP variability was conducted on physiological recordings from a total of 73 research participants, 42 with neurogenic OH (nOH) (13 pure autonomic failure, 14 Parkinson’s disease (PD) with OH, 12 parkinsonian multiple system atrophy, 3 status post brainstem neurosurgery) and 31 without OH (No OH group of 16 healthy volunteers and 15 PD patients), before, during, and after 5’ of head-up tilt at 90 degrees from horizontal. The data were log transformed for statistical testing.
Results
Across all subjects, head-up tilting increased HF power of systolic BP variability (p = 0.0008), without a difference between the nOH and No OH groups. LF power during tilt was higher in the No OH than nOH groups (p = 0.0094), with the extent of increase in LF power greater in the No OH group (p = 0.046).
Conclusion
Head-up tilt can increase HF power of BP variability even in the setting of baroreflex-sympathoneural failure. nOH is associated with attenuated Mayer waves.
Low-temperature giant coercivity in metallic Co6.2Ga3.8-xGex(x=2.4 to 3.2) with chemically tunable spin frustration
Authors: Kitagawa Jiro , Nomura Himawari , Nishizaki Terukazu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The observation of giant coercivity exceeding 20 kOe at low temperatures in several transition-metal-based compounds has attracted significant attention from a fundamental perspective. This research is also relevant to developing rare-earth-free permanent magnets, wherein cobalt is one of the primary elements used. To facilitate easy fabrication, rare-earth-free and Co-based inorganic bulk magnets that exhibit giant coercivity are highly demanded but rarely reported. Herein, we report the observation of low-temperature giant coercivity in polycrystalline metallic Co6.2Ga3.8-xGex (x=2.4 to 3.2) with the hexagonal Fe13Ge8-type structure composed of Kagome and triangular lattices. As the Ge content x decreases from 3.2, the magnetic ground state changes from ferrimagnetism to ferromagnetism at x=2.6. In the ferrimagnetic state, we observed a signature of spin frustration arising from the Kagome and/or triangular lattices of Co atoms. The ferromagnetic ordering temperatures for the x=2.6 and 2.4 samples are 46 K and 60 K, respectively. The coercive fields rapidly increase upon cooling and reach values of 26 kOe and 44 kOe in the x=2.6 and 2.4 samples, respectively, at 2 K. We discuss the possible origin of the observed giant coercivity in the present system.
Genetic Diversity studies of some ethnobotanical plants belonging to Family Rubiaceae, along the western ghats of India
Authors: Dsouza Sharon , Damle Sagarika , Jamkhedkar Suruchi , Jha Vikas , Harshal Anupma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Genetic diversity helps in long term viability of the plant population by helping them combat stresses and preserving genotypes that are beneficial to the mankind. Geographical factors is one of the main determinant of genetic diversity in plants, as being sessile, they adapt to environmental changes quickly. In this study, ethnobotanical plants, Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex. Link from Nasik, Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Triveng from Sattari and Ixora chinensis Lam from Karwar and all their urban counter- parts from Mumbai were subjected to genetic diversity studies by determining the genetic variation, using RAPD and DNA barcoding. RAPD was performed using five random primers; DNA barcoding was performed using matK and rbcL primers. The analysis culminated into two sets of phylogenetic trees. RAPD generated a phylogenetic tree which revealed that Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Triveng from Goa and Mumbai diverged at the ancestral node; DNA barcoding using matK and rbcL primers resulted in 6 matK and 6 rbcL sequences, which were submitted to NCBI and further it generated a phylogenetic tree which revealed that Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex Link from Nasik and Mumbai diverged at ancestral node. Nei’s gene diversity was found to be 0.4096 ± 0.09, Shannon’s diversity index was found to be 0.5943 ± 0.11, percentage of polymorphic loci was found to be 98.67%. We could conclude that genetic diversity could be observed in the same plants from different locations across Western Ghats. Environmental factors such as weather, soil composition and biotic factors could be affecting the genetic make-up of the plants.
Optimization of functional spicy red pepper paste (Awaze) formulated from red pepper, garlic, red onion and ginger using optimal mixture design techniques
Authors: Anteneh Biadge Kefale , Delele Mulugeta Admasu , Fanta Solomon Workneh , Abate Solomon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Spicy red pepper paste, locally known as Awaze, is a traditional popular spicy paste consumed in Ethiopia. The objective of this research was to determine the optimum proportion of red pepper, garlic, red onion and ginger in the preparation of Awaze paste. Mixture design was used to establish the appropriate proportion of red pepper, garlic, red onion and ginger. A D-optimal mixture experimental design with 15 runs was generated by design expert software within the constraint: 60–90% red pepper, 10–30% garlic, 5–20% red onion and 5–10% ginger. The physicochemical, mineral content and texture profile of Awaze paste were determined. Significant differences (p < 0.05) existed in color, ash, fiber content, viscosity, antioxidant activity, mineral and texture profile. Linear model for ash content, quadratic model for a* and antioxidant activity, special cubic model for fiber content significantly (p < 0.05) explained the effect of the components on the physicochemical quality of Awaze paste with high predicted R-squared (R2) value. The optimum formula of Awaze paste was a mixture containing 65.66% red pepper, 10% garlic, 19.086% red onion and 5.254% ginger. The optimum formula exhibited an antioxidant activity of 44.64%, ash content of 7.56%, color (a* value) of 18.3 and fiber content of 27.5%. There was a significant difference between Awaze paste produced from optimum formula and control (Household made Awaze).The study indicated that antioxidant activity, color value(a*), viscosity, ash content, fiber content and chewiness of Awaze paste are directly related to the proportion of red pepper, garlic, red onion and ginger.
Investigating the presence of dioxins in drinking water: Implications for public health
Authors: KUAMWAT MANOJ , Pal Namrata , Sharma Poonam , James Meenu , Verma Vinod , Tiwari Rajnarayan , Chouksey Vivek , Shubham Swasti , Sarma Devojit , Singh Samradhi , Kumar Manoj 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dioxins: Infamous man-made toxins, a top environmental hazard of great concern. The presence of highly toxic dioxins, specifically polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), in drinking water is a matter of great concern due to their long-lasting nature and harmful effects. In this study, we detected three out of the five dioxin congeners: 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), 1, 2, 3, 7, 8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD). The investigation revealed that all three dioxins were present in samples collected during the winter season, while only TCDD and OCDD were found in samples from the summer season. The geometric mean concentrations of PCDDs were 229.9 ng/L in winter and 108.4 ng/L in summer. These concentrations exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 30 pg/L set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in surface water, Water Treatment Plant effluent, overhead tank, and drinking water samples. This indicates a serious risk to the safety of drinking water and public health. The estimated daily intake of PCDDs for residents through drinking water was 273.97 ng-WHO2005-TEQ/kg/day during winter and 78.875 ng-WHO2005-TEQ/kg/day during summer. These values raise significant concerns about the potential health impacts associated with the consumption of contaminated water. The findings our study underscore the urgent need for further research focused on persistent organic pollutants in drinking water supplies. Additionally, it is crucial to develop and implement effective large-scale remediation technologies to combat the adverse effects of dioxin contamination. Safeguarding the quality of drinking water is essential for protecting public health and ensuring the well-being of communities.
Regulation of neuronal lipid droplet aggregation by microglia through the lactate-lysosome signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Shukai , Lan Zhuoqing , Ge Ziyi , Zhao Bing , Li Leilei , Li Caixia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The process of neuroinflammation is marked by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leads to neuronal death. However, accumulating evidence suggests that classic inflammatory processes alone do not fully explain many aspects of neuroinflammation pathogenesis. Recent findings indicate that abnormal deposition of lipid droplet (LD) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. Microglia, which regulate neuronal activity have been implicated in LD aggregation during neuroinflammation. However, the regulatory mechanism of LDs in neurons remains poorly understood.
Methods
Neurons were stimulated with LPS-treated microglia supernatant. Immunostaining with BODIPY was used to determine the localization of LDs in different neuronal cell lines and culture systems. LAMP and LC3 were used as lysosomal markers for LD co-localization analysis. For in vivo studies, we used a sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) mouse model to mimic neuroinflammation. Following microglia depletion using the small molecule CSF-1R inhibitor PLX3397, we examined lactate levels and LD changes in the mouse hippocampus.
Results
Our findings revealed activated microglia caused LD aggregation in neurons inducted by lactate. Furthermore, we observed co-localization of LDs with LAMP2 and LC3, suggesting involvement of the lysosomal pathway. These results were corroborated in an in vivo SAE model, where PLX3397 administration led to a reduction in LD accumulation and lactic acid levels.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that activated microglia induce LD accumulation in various neuronal cultures via the lactate-lysosome signaling pathway. A better understanding of the neuron lipid metabolism in the nervous system may ultimately contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammation.
Effect of heating insufflation tube of AirSeal system on laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Sahara Kurumi , Ohno Ryo , Kajitani Ryuji , Munechika Taro , Matsumoto Yoshiko , Nagano Hideki , Watanabe Toshifumi , Aisu Naoya , Yoshida Yoichiro , Hasegawa Suguru 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The AirSeal system (CONMED, NY, USA) can outstandingly keep pneumoperitoneum stable. However, water droplets form on the access port, impairing the performance of comfortable surgical procedures because of the resultant wet surgical field. This study was performed to clarify the mechanism of water droplet formation and to prevent it. Condensation was observed on the AirSeal system. A heater was wrapped around the tri-lumen tube, and the heating effect was assessed. The simulator experiments revealed that condensation formed in the tri-lumen tube and on the wall of the access port. The accumulated weight of the condensation on the wall of the access port was 41.6 g in the Heated group, 138.2 g in the Control group, and 479.4 g in the Cooled group. In the clinical assessment, the accumulated volume of the condensation attached to the inside wall was significantly smaller in the Heated group than in the Unheated group (111.7 g vs. 332.9 g, respectively). We clarified that the volume of condensation attached to the wall of the access port depended on the temperature of the tri-lumen tube. The clinical study revealed that the condensation on the access port was reduced by heating the tri-lumen tube. The development of a novel heating device for the insufflation tube would be effective and useful.
Technology Shelving under Exclusive Licensing
Authors: Lu Yuanzhu , Poddar Sougata , Banerjee Swapnendu , Ghosh Monalisa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In many markets, we observe scenarios where a firm sometimes pays to acquire new technologies (patents), however, does not use them for its use i.e. shelves them. By shelving the technology, the technology-acquiring firm can prevent its competitor from using it and thus maintain its strategic advantage in the market. We show this happens often when an outside innovator uses exclusive licensing to transfer technology where potential licensees have different efficiency levels of production and have asymmetric absorptive capacities of the transferred technology. However, we also show when this will not happen in the same environment. To this end, we highlight the interplay between strategic effect of the efficient licensee and the cost reduction effect of the inefficient licensee. We find under fixed fee and auction, when the size of innovation is not big, technology is shelved, whereas if the innovation is large, it is not shelved. With per-unit royalty licensing, we find interesting non-monotonicity with respect to shelving and no shelving as the size of the innovation increases. We also find out the optimal licensing contract in this environment and potential welfare loss due to shelving on the society.
Assessment of Groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in Rohtak district, Northern India
Authors: Raheja Hemant , GOEL ARUN , PAL MAHESH 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study discusses about the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation use in Rohtak district of Haryana state, India. Ninety-four groundwater samples were collected during Pre monsoon and Post monsoon periods and analyzed by several methods, including Entropy water quality index (EWQI), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI), Sodium Percentage (Na %), Kelly Ratio (KR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), US salinity diagram, and Gibbs diagram. The spatial distribution maps of EWQI and irrigation indices were also plotted using the IDW technique in ArcGIS. The result suggests that the groundwater quality in the central part extending towards the south-western part of the area can be categorized as poor. The major ion concentrations were reported in the following order: Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Na+ > K+, and Cl- > SO42- > NO3- > HCO3- > F- > CO32- respectively. Moreover, results revealed that most of groundwater samples exceeded the desirable limits for drinking water as suggested by World Health Organization. The EWQI assessment indicates that 23.4% and 38.4% of groundwater samples have extremely poor quality in Pre monsoon and Post monsoon, respectively. Analysis of water quality for irrigation shows that various indices like EC, SAR, PI, Na %, KR, and MAR exceed their standard limit, and mostly samples are unsuitable for irrigation. The Gibbs diagram and other bivariate plots demonstrate that various ions in groundwater can be attributed to silicate and carbonate weathering, which occur through water-rock interactions and ion exchange phenomena. Additionally, the US Salinity diagram verifies that most groundwater samples exhibit significant salinity hazards, particularly concerning high sodium levels. The results of this study are highly valuable for efficiently allocating and managing the resources within this particular district.
Effects of Twin-Block with expanding device on the upper airway in growing children with skeletal class II malocclusion -a retrospective study based on the consistency of three-dimensional data and two-dimensional data
Authors: Mao Feng , Lu Chenmeng , Liu Nan , Zhang Yi , Qi Huichuan , Hu Min 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Skeletal class II malocclusion is one of the most common malocclusions. Among functional appliances for skeletal class II malocclusion, the Twin-Block appliance with maxillary expander is effective in reposition the mandible forward. In this study, we focused our efforts on investigating the effects of Twin-Block appliances with maxillary expander on the upper airway in growing children with skeletal class II malocclusion by tracing and measuring lateral cephalograms after evaluating the consistency of three-dimensional CBCT data and two-dimensional lateral cephalogram data.
Materials and Methods
One hundred and two patients with skeletal class II malocclusion from 9 to 15 years old (11.37 ± 2.80, Male/Female ratio = 1:1) were selected to evaluate the consistency of CBCT data and lateral cephalogram data. The strongly and moderately correlated segments were then selected to study the effects of Twin-Block with maxillary expander on the upper airway in 66 growing children with skeletal class II malocclusion (11.31 ± 1.23 years old, Male/Female ratio = 1:1) on lateral cephalograms.
Results
The results showed strong significant correlation in the nasopharynx (r = 0.708), moderate significant correlations in the overall upper airway (r = 0.641), velopharynx (r = 0.553) and glossopharynx (r = 0.575), but weak correlation in the hypopharynx (r = 0.323). The corresponding determination coefficient (R2) was also showed by the Scatter Plot analysis. Moreover, compared with the pre-treatment data (T1), the total area of the upper airway, the area of nasopharynx, velopharynx and glossopharynx after functional treatment (T2) increased statistically and significantly.
Conclusions
Lateral cephalogram can reflect the volume of nasopharynx and oropharynx in skeletal class II children to a certain extent, while the Twin-Block appliances with maxillary expander can widen the volume of nasopharynx and oropharynx significantly.
Clinical relevance
The lateral cephalogram is reliable to analyze the nasopharynx,velopharynx and glossopharynx in orthodontic clinical practice. The Twin-Block appliances with maxillary expander has a positive effect on skeletal Class II patients with airway stenosis.
Understanding User comfort and Expectations in AI-based Systems
Authors: Dave Anjali , Saxena Ankur , Jha Avdhesh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of prior experience and education levels on user expectations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems. The research aimed to determine whether these factors, individually or interactively, significantly influenced user expectations. Moreover, the effects of system interface, system feedback and system responsiveness on user comfort in AI-based systems were determined as well. The findings highlighted the importance of prior experience in shaping user expectations. It also suggests that educational level may have limited influence on user expectations. The choice of system interface and the responsiveness of the AI-based system significantly impact user comfort. The findings suggest for the creation of more user-friendly and comfortable interfaces. Understanding the various factors that influence user comfort and expectation, can aid the design and development of AI systems tailored to user backgrounds that better meet user needs and enhance their overall experience.