bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator–prey interactions in the Arctic: DNA metabarcoding reveals that nestling diet of snow buntings reflects arthropod seasonality
Authors: Stolz Christian , Varpe Øystein , Ims Rolf A. , Sandercock Brett K. , Stokke Bård G. , Fossøy Frode 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTundra arthropods are of considerable ecological importance as a seasonal food source for many arctic‐breeding birds. Dietary composition and food preferences are rarely known, complicating assessments of ecological interactions in a changing environment. In our field study, we investigated the nestling diet of snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis (L., 1758)) breeding in Svalbard. We collected fecal samples from 8‐day‐old nestlings and assessed dietary composition by DNA metabarcoding. Simultaneously, the availability of potential prey arthropods was measured by pitfall trapping. Molecular analyses of nestling feces identified 31 arthropod taxa in the diet, whose proportions changed throughout the brood‐rearing period. Changes in nestling diet matched varying abundances and emergence patterns of the tundra arthropod community. Snow buntings provisioned their offspring mainly with Diptera (true flies) based on both presence/absence and relative read abundance of diet items. At the beginning of the season in June, Chironomidae (nonbiting midges) and the scathophagid fly Scathophaga furcata (Say, 1823) dominated the diet, whereas the muscid fly Spilogona dorsata (Zetterstedt, 1845) dominated the diet later in July. When accounted for availability, muscid flies were selected positively among the most often provisioned food taxa. Our study demonstrates the ecological role of the snow bunting as a generalist arthropod predator and highlights DNA metabarcoding as a noninvasive technique for diet analyses with high taxonomical precision if sufficient DNA‐sequence libraries are available.
The prospective study of 54 children with electrical status epilepticus during sleep: How to simplify the electroencephalogram diagnosis and guide the treatment
Authors: Zhang Han , Yan Lisi , Peng Xiaoling , Jiang Li , Zhang Junjiao , Chen Jin , Hu Yue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo simplify the electroencephalogram (EEG) diagnosis and guide the treatment of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES).MethodsWe recruited 54 children with ESES from December 2019 to December 2020 and compared various spike–wave index (SWI) calculation methods. Time‐frequency analysis assessed the correlation between high‐frequency oscillations energy and the SWI. We divided 42 children into responder and non‐responder treatment groups based on the observations made during a 12‐month follow‐up period and evaluate different treatment and the independent risk factors of refractory ESES.ResultsThe SWI of 5 min before the second sleep cycle of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM; long method II) and that of all NREM sleep (total method) were not significantly different (p = .06). The average energy of γ (r = .288, p = .002) and ripple (r = .203, p = .04) oscillations were correlated with the SWI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that encephalomalacia was an independent risk factor for refractory ESES (OR: 10.48, 95% CI: 1.62–67.63). The clinical seizure improvement rates of anti‐seizure medications (ASMs), ASMs with benzodiazepines, and ASMs with benzodiazepines and steroids after 12 months were 9.3%, 42.8%, and 53.8%, EEG improvement rate were 5.5%, 30.9% and 37%, respectively. The intelligence of the children in the responder treatment group has improved during the 1‐year follow‐up.SignificanceThese findings demonstrate EEG and clinical features of ESES and may provide basis for simplifying diagnosis and guiding the treatment of children with ESES.
Nervonic acid reduces the cognitive and neurological disturbances induced by combined doses of D‐galactose/AlCl3 in mice
Authors: Aihaiti Mayile , Shi Haidan , Liu Yaojie , Hou Chen , Song Xiaoyu , Li Mengting , Li Jianke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNervonic acid (NA) is a kind of ultra‐long‐chain monounsaturated fatty acid, which can repair nerve cell damage caused by oxidative stress. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a nervous system disease and often accompanied by the decline of learning and memory capacity. In this study, the combined dose of D‐galactose/AlCl3 was used to establish a mouse model of AD. Meanwhile, the mice were treated with different doses of NA (10.95 and 43.93 mg/kg). The results showed that NA delayed the decline of locomotion and learning ability caused by D‐galactose/AlCl3, increased the activity of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced the content of malondialdehyde in vivo. Besides, NA reduced the levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, increased the levels of 5‐hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, alleviated the cell morphology damage induced by D‐galactose/AlCl3 in hippocampus and liver tissue. Furthermore, the intervention of NA upregulated the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR genes and downregulated the expression levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β genes. Therefore, we speculate the intervention of NA could be an effective way in improving cognitive impairment through the activation of PI3K signaling pathway. These results suggest that NA has the potential to be developed as antioxidant drug for the prevention and early therapy of AD.
Coagulation temperature and smoking time determine product quality and shelf life of the acid‐heat coagulated Circassian cheese
Authors: Sıçramaz Hatice , Ayar Ahmet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examined the effects of process parameters on acid‐heat coagulated Circassian cheese. For this purpose, cheeses were produced at coagulation temperatures of 70°C and 90°C, and smoked for 0, 2.5, and 6 h in both summer and winter. Microbiological, textural, proteolytic, and sensorial changes were observed for 90 days at 30‐day intervals. According to the results, coagulation at 90°C instead of 70°C formed a firmer structure. Six‐hour smoking time instead of 2.5‐h provided higher dry matter, reduced proteolysis rates, and extended the microbial shelf life. In addition, higher (6 h) smoking decelerated sourness while resulting in intense smoke flavor and higher lipolytic activity. In conclusion, seasonal changes in milk and applied the process conditions revealed significant differences in the quality parameters and shelf life of acid‐heat coagulated Circassian cheese.
Toward Understanding the Environmental Risks of Combined Microplastics/Nanomaterials Exposures: Unveiling ZnO Transformations after Adsorption onto Polystyrene Microplastics in Environmental Solutions
Authors: Gomez‐Gonzalez Miguel A. , Da Silva‐Ferreira Tatiana , Clark Nathaniel , Clough Robert , Quinn Paul D. , Parker Julia E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver recent decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the manufacture of engineered nanomaterials, which has inevitably led to their environmental release. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is among the more abundant nanomaterial manufactured due to its advantageous properties, used for piezoelectric, semiconducting, and antibacterial purposes. Plastic waste is ubiquitous and may break down or delaminate into smaller microplastics, leaving open the question of whether these small polymers may alter the fate of ZnO through adsorption within aquatic media (tap‐water and seawater). Here, scanning electron microscopy analysis confirms the effective Zn nano/microstructures adsorption onto polystyrene surfaces after only 24‐h incubation in the aquatic media. After pre‐aging the nanomaterials for 7‐days in different environmental media, nanoprobe X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy analysis reveals significant ZnO transformation toward Zn‐sulfide and Zn‐phosphate. The interaction between a commercial ZnO‐based sunscreen with polystyrene and a cleanser consumer containing microbeads with ZnO nanomaterials is also studied, revealing the adsorption of transformed Zn‐species in the microplastics surfaces, highlighting the environmental relevancy of this work. Understanding the structural and functional impacts of the microplastics/ZnO complexes, and how they evolve, will provide insights into their chemical nature, stability, transformations, and fate, which is key to predicting their bioreactivity in the environment.
China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors‐Radiological features of pathological complete response in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant PD‐1 blockade: A post hoc analysis of the PICC phase II trial
Authors: Cao Wuteng , Hu Huabin , Li Jiao , Wu Qianyu , Shi Lishuo , Li Biao , Zhou Jie , Wang Xinhua , Chen Junhong , Wang Chao , Wang Huaiming , Deng Weihao , Huang Yan , Deng Yanhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeoadjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) blockade exhibits promising efficacy in patients with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, discrepancies between radiological and histological findings have been reported in the PICC phase II trial (NCT 03926338). Therefore, we strived to discern radiological features associated with pathological complete response (pCR) based on computed tomography (CT) images. Data were obtained from the PICC trial that included 36 tumors from 34 locally advanced dMMR CRC patients, who received neoadjuvant PD‐1 blockade for 3 months. Among the 36 tumors, 28 (77.8%) tumors achieved pCR. There were no statistically significant differences in tumor longitudinal diameter, the percentage change in tumor longitudinal diameter from baseline, primary tumor sidedness, clinical stage, extramural venous invasion status, intratumoral calcification, peritumoral fat infiltration, intestinal fistula and tumor necrosis between the pCR and non‐pCR tumors. Otherwise, tumors with pCR had smaller posttreatment tumor maximum thickness (median: 10 mm vs 13 mm, P = .004) and higher percentage decrease in tumor maximum thickness from baseline (52.9% vs 21.6%, P = .005) compared to non‐pCR tumors. Additionally, a higher proportion of the absence of vascular sign (P = .003, odds ratio [OR] = 25.870 [95% CI, 1.357‐493.110]), nodular sign (P < .001, OR = 189.000 [95% CI, 10.464‐3413.803]) and extramural enhancement sign (P = .003, OR = 21.667 [2.848‐164.830]) was observed in tumors with pCR. In conclusion, these CT‐defined radiological features may have the potential to serve as valuable tools for clinicians in identifying patients who have achieved pCR after neoadjuvant PD‐1 blockade, particularly in individuals who are willing to adopt a watch‐and‐wait strategy.
Calix[5]arene Self‐Folding Cavitands: A New Family of Bio‐Inspired Receptors with Enhanced Induced Fit Behavior
Authors: Álvarez‐Yebra Rubén , López‐Coll Ricard , Clos‐Garrido Núria , Lozano David , Lledó Agustí 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSelf‐folding cavitands represent the quintessential form of bioinspired synthetic receptors, featuring deep hydrophobic cavities that engage in host‐guest chemistry reminiscent of that operating in biomolecules. Although remarkable proof‐of‐concept applications have been reported, the narrow and rigid spaces of the legacy resorcin[4]arene derived hosts constitute a liability towards the development of specific applications in catalysis, sensing or sequestration. While notable efforts to expand the size of the cavities have been reported, the development of confined spaces reproducing the highly adaptable nature of biological receptors is a largely unaddressed issue. This review summarizes the development of a new family of calix[5]arene derived self‐folding cavitands displaying enhanced induced fit and conformational selection phenomena. Our approach capitalizes on hydrogen bonding preorganization rather than the covalent restriction approaches customary of conventional supramolecular chemistry.
Measurements of the Vitamin D Metabolome in the Calgary Vitamin D Study: Relationship of Vitamin D Metabolites to Bone Loss
Authors: Burt Lauren A. , Kaufmann Martin , Rose Marianne S. , Jones Glenville , Billington Emma O. , Boyd Steven K. , Hanley David A. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIn a 36‐month randomized controlled trial examining the effect of high‐dose vitamin D3 on radial and tibial total bone mineral density (TtBMD), measured by high‐resolution peripheral quantitative tomography (HR‐pQCT), participants (311 healthy males and females aged 55–70 years with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry T‐scores > −2.5 without vitamin D deficiency) were randomized to receive 400 IU (N = 109), 4000 IU (N = 100), or 10,000 IU (N = 102) daily. Participants had HR‐pQCT radius and tibia scans and blood sampling at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. This secondary analysis examined the effect of vitamin D dose on plasma measurements of the vitamin D metabolome by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), exploring whether the observed decline in TtBMD was associated with changes in four key metabolites [25‐(OH)D3; 24,25‐(OH)2D3; 1,25‐(OH)2D3; and 1,24,25‐(OH)3D3]. The relationship between peak values in vitamin D metabolites and changes in TtBMD over 36 months was assessed using linear regression, controlling for sex. Increasing vitamin D dose was associated with a marked increase in 25‐(OH)D3, 24,25‐(OH)2D3 and 1,24,25‐(OH)3D3, but no dose‐related change in plasma 1,25‐(OH)2D3 was observed. There was a significant negative slope for radius TtBMD and 1,24,25‐(OH)3D3 (−0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.08, −0.03, p < 0.001) after controlling for sex. A significant interaction between TtBMD and sex was seen for 25‐(OH)D3 (female: −0.01, 95% CI −0.12, −0.07; male: −0.04, 95% CI −0.06, −0.01, p = 0.001) and 24,25‐(OH)2D3 (female: −0.75, 95% CI −0.98, −0.52; male: −0.35, 95% CI −0.59, −0.11, p < 0.001). For the tibia there was a significant negative slope for 25‐(OH)D3 (−0.03, 95% CI −0.05, −0.01, p < 0.001), 24,25‐(OH)2D3 (−0.30, 95% CI −0.44, −0.16, p < 0.001), and 1,24,25‐(OH)3D3 (−0.03, 95% CI −0.05, −0.01, p = 0.01) after controlling for sex. These results suggest vitamin D metabolites other than 1,25‐(OH)2D3 may be responsible for the bone loss seen in the Calgary Vitamin D Study. Although plasma 1,25‐(OH)2D3 did not change with vitamin D dose, it is possible rapid catabolism to 1,24,25‐(OH)3D3 prevented the detection of a dose‐related rise in plasma 1,25‐(OH)2D3. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
How construal–regulatory mode fit increases social media sharing
Authors: Pham Thuy , Septianto Felix , Mathmann Frank , Jin Hyun Seung , Higgins E. Tory 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow can social media managers engage consumers to share posts with others? Extending regulatory mode theory, we demonstrate that high construal levels enable the integration of regulatory mode complementarity orientations, resulting in engagement and shares. Regulatory mode complementarity refers to the combination of high assessment (i.e., the motivation to “be right” by critically evaluating options) and high locomotion (i.e., the motivation to “act” by moving toward a goal). Specifically, this research proposes that an abstract (vs. concrete) construal allows these two orientations to work together, resulting in regulatory fit. Three text analysis field studies on marketer‐ and consumer‐generated Facebook and Twitter posts show that construal–regulatory mode fit increases social media sharing. Three follow‐up studies then show generalizability, establish causality, and demonstrate the role of engagement as the underlying mechanism driving the fit effect.
Multimodal radiomics and nomogram‐based prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: An analysis considering optimal peritumoral region
Authors: Duan Yayang , Chen Xiaobo , Li Wanyan , Li Siyao , Zhang Chaoxue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo explore the optimal peri‐tumoral regions on ultrasound (US) images and investigate the performance of multimodal radiomics for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM).MethodsThis retrospective study included 326 patients (training cohort: n = 162, internal validation cohort: n = 74, external validation cohort: n = 90). Intra‐tumoral region of interests (ROIs) were delineated on US and digital mammography (DM) images. Peri‐tumoral ROI (PTR) on US images were gained by dilating actual 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 mm radius surrounding the tumor. Support vector machine (SVM) method was used to calculate the importance of radiomics features and to pick the 10 most important. Recursive feature elimination‐SVM was used to evaluate the efficacy of models with different feature numbers used.ResultsThe PTR0.5mm yielded a maximum AUC of 0.802 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.676–0.901) within the validation cohort using SVM classifier. The multimodal radiomics (intra‐tumoral US and DM and US‐based PTR0.5mm radiomics model) achieved the highest predictive ability (AUC = 0.888/0.844/0.835 and 95% CI = 0.829–0.936/0.741–0.929/0.752–0.896 for training/internal validation/external validation cohort, respectively).ConclusionThe PTR0.5mm could be the optimal area for predicting ALNM. A favorable predictive accuracy for predicting ALNM was achieved using multimodal radiomics and its based nomogram.
Change in students’ critical thinking over the course of dental education
Authors: Anders Patrick L. , Davis Elaine L. , McCall W. D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to test whether critical thinking changes over the course of dental education by assessing dental students at the beginning and toward the end of their training.MethodsDental student participants completed a survey at the beginning of their first year (August 2019) and at the start of their last year of dental school (August 2022). The survey consisted of two instruments designed to measure the disposition and metacognition components of critical thinking. The study used a pretest‐posttest design. Paired t tests were used to determine whether critical thinking scores changed over the 3‐year period.ResultsSurveys were completed by 85 of 94 students (90%) on the pretest and 63 of 93 students (68%) on the posttest. Of the 92 students who were members of the class at both testing periods, data were available for 59 students (64%). There were significant mean decreases in disposition and its tolerance for cognitive complexity subscale, as well as in metacognition and its metacognitive strategies subscale (p < .05). There was no significant mean change in either open‐mindedness or metacognitive thinking.ConclusionResults of this study suggest that some aspects of critical thinking (metacognition and disposition) decrease over the course of dental education. Future research should investigate why this is the case, and explore different instructional methods designed to improve critical thinking.
Person‐centred, integrated non‐communicable disease and HIV decentralized drug distribution in Eswatini and South Africa: outcomes and challenges
Authors: Goldstein Deborah , Ford Nathan , Kisyeri Nicholas , Munsamy Maggie , Nishimoto Lirica , Osi Kufor , Kambale Herve , Minior Thomas , Bateganya Moses 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionNon‐communicable diseases (NCDs) are highly prevalent in people living with HIV above 50 years of age and account for increasing mortality. There is little published evidence supporting person‐centred, integrated models of HIV care, hypertension and diabetes treatment in southern Africa, and no data demonstrating mortality reduction. Where clinical visits for NCDs and HIV cannot be combined, integrated medication delivery presents an opportunity to streamline care and reduce patient costs. We present experiences of integrated HIV and NCD medication delivery in Eswatini and South Africa, focusing on programme successes and implementation challenges. Programmatic data from Eswatini's Community Health Commodities Distribution (CHCD) from April 2020 to December 2021 and South Africa's Central Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution (CCMDD) from January 2016 to December 2021 were provided by programme managers and are summarized here.DiscussionLaunched in 2020, Eswatini's CHCD provides over 28,000 people with and without HIV with integrated services, including HIV testing, CD4 cell count testing, antiretroviral therapy refills, viral load monitoring and pre‐exposure prophylaxis alongside NCD services, including blood pressure and glucose monitoring and hypertension and diabetes medication refills. Communities designate neighbourhood care points and central gathering places for person‐centred medication dispensing. This programme reported fewer missed medication refill appointments among clients in community settings compared to facility‐based settings. South Africa's CCMDD utilizes decentralized drug distribution to provide medications for over 2.9 million people, including those living with HIV, hypertension and diabetes. CCMDD incorporates community‐based pickup points, facility “fast lanes” and adherence clubs with public sector health facilities and private sector medication collection units. There are no out‐of‐pocket payments for medications or testing commodities. Wait‐times for medication refills are lower at CCMDD sites than facility‐based sites. Innovations to reduce stigma include uniformly labelled medication packages for NCD and HIV medications.ConclusionsEswatini and South Africa demonstrate person‐centred models for HIV and NCD integration through decentralized drug distribution. This approach adapts medication delivery to serve individual needs and decongest centralized health facilities while efficiently delivering NCD care. To bolster programme uptake, additional reporting of integrated decentralized drug distribution models should include HIV and NCD outcomes and mortality trends.
Local regularity for nonlocal equations with variable exponents
Authors: Chaker Jamil , Kim Minhyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study local regularity properties of minimizers of nonlocal variational functionals with variable exponents and weak solutions to the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equations. We show that weak solutions are locally bounded when the variable exponent p is only assumed to be continuous and bounded. Furthermore, we prove that bounded weak solutions are locally Hölder continuous under some additional assumptions on p. On the one hand, the class of admissible exponents is assumed to satisfy a log‐Hölder–type condition inside the domain, which is essential even in the case of local equations. On the other hand, since we are concerned with nonlocal problems, we need an additional assumption on p outside the domain.
Heintze–Karcher and Jellett‐type theorems in conformally flat spaces
Authors: Sousa Paulo Alexandre , Lima Alexandre Bezerra , de Barros Abdênago Alves 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a class of conformally flat spaces that includes the space forms as well as the doubled Schwarzschild space, and, we will prove an extension of Jellett's theorem. Next, we build an example, where the extension of Jellett's theorem does not hold. We also prove a Heintze–Karcher‐type inequality and we presented a one‐parametric family of conformally flat spaces, all distinct from space forms, where it holds a Heintze–Karcher‐type inequality.
Gauss‐Prym maps on Enriques surfaces
Authors: Faro Dario , Spelta Irene 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove that the kth Gaussian map is surjective on a polarized unnodal Enriques surface with . In particular, as a consequence, when , we obtain the surjectivity of the kth Gauss‐Prym map , with , on smooth hyperplane sections . In case , it is sufficient to ask .