bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retaining clinicians in suburban areas: An experience from Iran's primary health care system reform
Authors: Doshmangir Leila , Gharaee Hojatolah , Babaie Javad , Aghdam Nasrin M. , Zahmatkesh Maryam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn June 2014, the first Health Complex was established in the suburban area of Tabriz, a northwest city of Iran. Health Complexes, as one of the decentralized models, have been formed based on universal health coverage principles. However, nearly two years after commencing work in the province, Health Complexes experience a high turnover of health care workers. This study aims to explore why primary health care workers set aside their roles in the health system and leave their jobs in opposition to the planned objectives. In this qualitative research, purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used for participants' selection. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and documentary review. Interviews were conducted with health officials, health care specialists, and other health workers who had left their jobs in Health Complexes in the suburban areas of Tabriz. Inductive and deductive content analysis was used to analyse data. The leading causes for health care workers leaving a job were divided into four main categories including organizational policies and regulations, financial and economic factors, sociocultural, and personal factors. Developing evidence‐informed interventions and strategies to improve payment systems, provide job security and opportunities for professional development, and adopt cooperative leadership are essential to decrease the turnover rate of health care workers at Health Complexes.
On weak solutions of boundary values problem in the theory of Cosserat porous bodies
Authors: Marin Marin , Altenbach Holm , Abbas Ibrahim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn our study, we adapt certain basic results from the abstract theory of differential equations of the elliptic type with the purpose to deduce some basic results in the case of a concrete type of media. Namely, after the boundary values problem is formulated in the context of elasticity of Cosserat bodies with voids, some results on existence of a generalized solution and the uniqueness of this solution are proven.
Numerical study of an electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid over a linearly extended sheet
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ali Aatif , Hejazi Hala A. , Mahmuod Samy Refahy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe major purpose of this study is to observe the flow properties of an electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid (HNF) consist of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and iron ferrite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (nps) passes through a linearly expanded sheet with the slip velocity. The non‐Newtonian fluid models provide a better insight of the flow and heat allocation properties of nanofluids. For this purpose, we have used a Maxwell nanoliquid as the basis fluid in our experiment, with an inclined magnetic field applied to the flow direction. The flow regulating equations are turned into a system of non‐dimensional differential equations via resemblance substitutions. The computational procedure “parametric continuation method” (PCM) has been used to compute the velocity, energy, and mass of the HNF. The statistical results are displayed through graphs and tables. Maxwell parameter, porosity, and velocity slip tend to minimize HNF velocity, while its temperature rises with the action of thermal radiation, inclined magnetic field, unsteadiness variable, and viscous dissipation. Furthermore, the porous medium's penetration has a greater influence on the reduction of nanofluid velocity.
Exploiting exotic LHC datasets for long-lived new particle searches
Authors: El Faham Hesham , Giammanco Andrea , Hajer Jan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the expectation that new physics may manifest itself in the form of very heavy new particles, most of the operation time of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is devoted to proton-proton (pp) collisions at the highest achievable energies and collision rates. The large collision rates imply tight trigger requirements that include high thresholds on the final-state particles’ transverse momenta pT and an intrinsic background in the form of particle pileup produced by different collisions occurring during the same bunch crossing. This strategy is potentially sub-optimal for several well-motivated new physics models where new particles are not particularly heavy and can escape the online selection criteria of the multi-purpose LHC experiments due to their light mass and small coupling.A solution may be offered by complementary datasets that are routinely collected by the LHC experiments. These include heavy ion collisions, low-pileup runs for precision physics, and the so-called “parking” and “scouting” datasets. While some of them are motivated by other physics goals, they all have the usage of mild pT thresholds at the trigger-level in common. In this study, we assess the relative merits of these datasets for a representative model whose particular clean signature features long-lived resonances yielding displaced dimuon vertices. We compare the reach across those datasets for a simple analysis, simulating LHC data in Run 2 and Run 3 conditions with the Delphes simulation. We show that the scouting and parking datasets, which afford low-pT trigger thresholds by only using partial detector information and delaying the event reconstruction, respectively, have a reach comparable to the standard pp dataset with conventional thresholds. We also show that heavy ion and low-pileup datasets are far less competitive for this signature.
Symmetry resolved entanglement of excited states in quantum field theory. Part I. Free theories, twist fields and qubits
Authors: Capizzi Luca , Castro-Alvaredo Olalla A. , De Fazio Cecilia , Mazzoni Michele , Santamaría-Sanz Lucía 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The excess entanglement resulting from exciting a finite number of quasiparticles above the ground state of a free integrable quantum field theory has been investigated quite extensively in the literature. It has been found that it takes a very simple form, depending only on the number of excitations and their statistics. There is now mounting evidence that such formulae also apply to interacting and even higher-dimensional quantum theories. In this paper we study the entanglement content of such zero-density excited states focusing on the symmetry resolved entanglement, that is on 1+1D quantum field theories that possess an internal symmetry. The ratio of charged moments between the excited and grounds states, from which the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy can be obtained, takes a very simple and universal form, which in addition to the number and statistics of the excitations, now depends also on the symmetry charge. Using form factor techniques, we obtain both the ratio of moments and the symmetry resolved entanglement entropies in complex free theories which possess U(1) symmetry. The same formulae are found for simple qubit states.
Intrinsic approach to 1 + 1D Carrollian Conformal Field Theory
Authors: Saha Amartya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The 3D Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS3) algebra that is the asymptotic symmetry algebra at null infinity of the 1 + 2D asymptotically flat space-time is isomorphic to the 1 + 1D Carrollian conformal algebra. Building on this connection, various preexisting results in the BMS3-invariant field theories are reconsidered in light of a purely Carrollian perspective in this paper. In direct analogy to the covariant transformation laws of the Lorentzian tensors, the flat Carrollian multiplets are defined and their conformal transformation properties are established. A first-principle derivation of the Ward identities in a 1 + 1D Carrollian conformal field theory (CCFT) is presented. This derivation introduces the use of the complex contour-integrals (over the space-variable) that provide a strong analytic handle to CCFT. The temporal step-function factors appearing in these Ward identities enable the translation of the operator product expansions (OPEs) into the language of the operator commutation relations and vice versa, via a contour-integral prescription. Motivated by the properties of these step-functions, the iϵ-forms of the Ward identities and OPEs are proposed that permit for the hassle-free use of the algebraic properties of the latter. Finally, utilizing the computational techniques developed, it is shown that the modes of the quantum energy-momentum tensor operator generate the centrally extended version of the infinite-dimensional 1 + 1D Carrollian conformal algebra.
DNA barcoding and gene expression recording reveal the presence of cancer cells with unique properties during tumor progression
Authors: Umeki Yuka , Ogawa Noriaki , Uegaki Yuko , Saga Kotaro , Kaneda Yasufumi , Nimura Keisuke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTumors comprise diverse cancer cell populations with specific capabilities for adaptation to the tumor microenvironment, resistance to anticancer treatments, and metastatic dissemination. However, whether these populations are pre-existing in cancer cells or stochastically appear during tumor growth remains unclear. Here, we show the heterogeneous behaviors of cancer cells regarding response to anticancer drug treatments, formation of lung metastases, and expression of transcription factors related to cancer stem-like cells using a DNA barcoding and gene expression recording system. B16F10 cells maintained clonal diversity after treatment with HVJ-E, a UV-irradiated Sendai virus, and the anticancer drug dacarbazine. PBS treatment of the primary tumor and intravenous injection of B16F10 cells resulted in metastases formed from clones of multiple cell lineages. Conversely, BL6 and 4T1 cells developed spontaneous lung metastases by a small number of clones. Notably, an identical clone of 4T1 cells developed lung metastases in different mice, suggesting the existence of cells with high metastatic potential. Cas9-based transcription recording analysis in a human prostate cancer cell line revealed that specific cells express POU5F1 in response to an anticancer drug and sphere formation. Our findings provide insights into the diversity of cancer cells during tumor progression.
TCF-1 regulates NKG2D expression on CD8 T cells during anti-tumor responses
Authors: Harris Rebecca , Mammadli Mahinbanu , Hiner Shannon , Suo Liye , Yang Qi , Sen Jyoti Misra , Karimi Mobin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy relies on improving T cell effector functions against malignancies, but despite the identification of several key transcription factors (TFs), the biological functions of these TFs are not entirely understood. We developed and utilized a novel, clinically relevant murine model to dissect the functional properties of crucial T cell transcription factors during anti-tumor responses. Our data showed that the loss of TCF-1 in CD8 T cells also leads to loss of key stimulatory molecules such as CD28. Our data showed that TCF-1 suppresses surface NKG2D expression on naïve and activated CD8 T cells via key transcriptional factors Eomes and T-bet. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we uncovered how TCF-1 regulates critical molecules responsible for peripheral CD8 T cell effector functions. Finally, our unique genetic and molecular approaches suggested that TCF-1 also differentially regulates essential kinases. These kinases, including LCK, LAT, ITK, PLC-γ1, P65, ERKI/II, and JAK/STATs, are required for peripheral CD8 T cell persistent function during alloimmunity. Overall, our molecular and bioinformatics data demonstrate the mechanism by which TCF-1 modulated several critical aspects of T cell function during CD8 T cell response to cancer.

Graphical abstract
Summary Figure: TCF-1 is required for persistent function of CD8 T cells but dispensable for anti-tumor response. Here, we have utilized a novel mouse model that lacks TCF-1 specifically on CD8 T cells for an allogeneic transplant model. We uncovered a molecular mechanism of how TCF-1 regulates key signaling pathways at both transcriptomic and protein levels. These key molecules included LCK, LAT, ITK, PLC-γ1, p65, ERK I/II, and JAK/STAT signaling. Next, we showed that the lack of TCF-1 impacted phenotype, proinflammatory cytokine production, chemokine expression, and T cell activation. We provided clinical evidence for how these changes impact GVHD target organs (skin, small intestine, and liver). Finally, we provided evidence that TCF-1 regulates NKG2D expression on mouse naïve and activated CD8 T cells. We have shown that CD8 T cells from TCF-1 cKO mice mediate cytolytic functions via NKG2D.
BAP1 and PTEN mutations shape the immunological landscape of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and reveal the intertumoral heterogeneity of T cell suppression: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Friedhoff Jana , Schneider Felix , Jurcic Christina , Endris Volker , Kirchner Martina , Sun Angela , Bolnavu Iulia , Pohl Laura , Teroerde Miriam , Kippenberger Maximilian , Schwab Constantin , Kaczorowski Adam , Zschäbitz Stefanie , Jäger Dirk , Hohenfellner Markus , Stenzinger Albrecht , Duensing Anette , Duensing Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an immunologically vulnerable tumor entity, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are now widely used to treat patients with advanced disease. Whether and to what extent immune responses in ccRCC are shaped by genetic alterations, however, is only beginning to emerge. In this proof-of-concept study, we performed a detailed correlative analysis of the mutational and immunological landscapes in a series of 23 consecutive kidney cancer patients. We discovered that a high infiltration with CD8 + T cells was not dependent on the number of driver mutations but rather on the presence of specific mutational events, namely pathogenic mutations in PTEN or BAP1. This observation encouraged us to compare mechanisms of T cell suppression in the context of four different genetic patterns, i.e., the presence of multiple drivers, a PTEN or BAP1 mutation, or the absence of detectable driver mutations. We found that ccRCCs harboring a PTEN or BAP1 mutation showed the lowest level of Granzyme B positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). A multiplex immunofluorescence analysis revealed a significant number of CD8 + TILs in the vicinity of CD68 + macrophages/monocytes in the context of a BAP1 mutation but not in the context of a PTEN mutation. In line with this finding, direct interactions between CD8 + TILs and CD163 + M2-polarized macrophages were found in BAP1-mutated ccRCC but not in tumors with other mutational patterns. While an absence of driver mutations was associated with more CD8 + TILs in the vicinity of FOXP3 + Tregs and CD68 + monocytes/macrophages, the presence of multiple driver mutations was, to our surprise, not found to be strongly associated with immunosuppressive mechanisms. Our results highlight the role of genetic alterations in shaping the immunological landscape of ccRCC. We discovered a remarkable heterogeneity of mechanisms that can lead to T cell suppression, which supports the need for personalized immune oncological approaches.
Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib in patients with newly-diagnosed polycythemia vera: futility analysis of the RuxoBEAT clinical trial of the GSG-MPN study group
Authors: Koschmieder Steffen , Isfort Susanne , Wolf Dominik , Heidel Florian H. , Hochhaus Andreas , Schafhausen Philippe , Griesshammer Martin , Wolleschak Denise , Platzbecker Uwe , Döhner Konstanze , Jost Philipp J. , Parmentier Stefani , Schaich Markus , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Stegelmann Frank , Maurer Angela , Crysandt Martina , Gezer Deniz , Kortmann Maike , Franklin Jeremy , Frank Julia , Hellmich Martin , Brümmendorf Tim H. ,   for the German Study Group for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (GSG-MPN)
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Patients (pts) with polycythemia vera (PV) suffer from pruritus, night sweats, and other symptoms, as well as from thromboembolic complications and progression to post-PV myelofibrosis. Ruxolitinib (RUX) is approved for second-line therapy in high-risk PV pts with hydroxyurea intolerance or resistance. The RuxoBEAT trial (NCT02577926, registered on October 1, 2015, at clinicaltrials.gov) is a multicenter, open-label, two-arm phase-IIb trial with a target population of 380 pts with PV or ET, randomized to receive RUX or best available therapy. This pre-specified futility analysis assesses the early clinical benefit and tolerability of RUX in previously untreated PV pts (6-week cytoreduction was allowed). Twenty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive RUX. Compared to baseline, after 6 months of treatment, there was a significant reduction of median hematocrit (46 to 41%), the median number of phlebotomies per year (4.0 to 0), and median patient-reported pruritus scores (2 to 1), and a trend for reduced night sweat scores (1.5 to 0). JAK2V617F allele burden, as part of the scientific research program, also significantly decreased. One hundred nine adverse events (AEs) occurred in 24/28 patients (all grade 1 to 3), and no pt permanently discontinued treatment because of AEs. Thus, treatment with ruxolitinib in untreated PV pts is feasible, well-tolerated, and efficient regarding the above-mentioned endpoints.
Mean time of diffusion- and reaction-limited loading and unloading
Authors: Würschum Roland 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDirect determination of mean diffusion times from the Laplace transform of the spatial average of the diffusing species for $$p=0$$

p
=
0

offers the advantage of yielding closed-form expressions rather than sum-type ones obtained otherwise from the time-dependent solution. This is made use of in the present work to determine the mean time of diffusion- and reaction-limited loading and unloading a species into or out of bodies of different shape (plate, cylinder, sphere) for the important type of boundary condition of fixed concentration in the surrounding. This approach particularly pays off for more complex cases when the calculation from the inverse of the Laplace transform becomes more and more laborious. As an example of such type, concomitant trapping and untrapping of the diffusing species within the object during unloading is considered. The obtained solutions are quantitatively discussed with examples from literature. The present concept of the mean time of loading or unloading is compared with other time constants, e.g., mean action time or time lag.
Reduced nitrogen losses from drained temperate agricultural peatland after mineral soil coverage
Authors: Wang Yuqiao , Paul Sonja M. , Alewell Christine , Leifeld Jens 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDraining peatlands for agriculture induces peat decomposition, subsidence, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses, thereby contributing to soil degradation and climate change. To sustain the agricultural productivity of these organic soils, coverage with mineral soil material has increasingly been used. To evaluate the effect of this practice on the N flows within the plant–soil system, we conducted a 15N tracer experiment on a drained peatland that was managed as an intensive meadow. This peatland was divided into two parts, either without (reference “Ref”) or with ~ 40 cm mineral soil cover (coverage “Cov”). We applied 15NH415NO3 on field plots to follow the fate of 15N in plant–soil system over 11 months. In addition, N mineralization was determined by laboratory incubation. The field experiment showed that Cov lost less 15N (p < 0.05) than Ref, even though plant 15N uptake was similar at both sites. The lower net N loss from the Cov site was accompanied by higher soil 15N retention. The laboratory incubation revealed a ~ 3 times lower N mineralization at Cov than at Ref, whereas the N release per unit soil N was around two times higher at Cov than at Ref, suggesting a faster SOM turnover rate at Cov. Overall, the mineral soil cover increased the retention of fertilizer-N in the soil, thus reducing the system N losses. Our result indicates that agricultural production on drained peatland is less harmful to the environment with mineral soil coverage than using drained peatland directly.
Consolidating historical instrumental observations in southern Australia for assessing pre-industrial weather and climate variability
Authors: Gergis Joëlle , Baillie Zak , Ashcroft Linden , Trewin Blair , Allan Robert J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman-induced climate change has resulted in long-term drying trends across southern Australia, particularly during the cool season, with the most pronounced impacts observed in the southwest since the 1970s. Although these trends have been linked to changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation features, the limited number of daily weather datasets that extend into the pre-industrial period have so far prevented an assessment of the long-term context of synoptic-level changes associated with global warming. To address this need, we present the development of the longest sub-daily atmospheric pressure, temperature and rainfall records for Australia beginning in 1830. We first consolidate a range of historical observations from the two southern Australian cities of Perth and Adelaide. After assessing the quality and homogeneity of these records, we verify their ability to capture the weather and climate features produced by the Southern Hemisphere’s key climate modes of variability. Our analysis shows the historical observations are sensitive to the influence of large-scale dynamical drivers of Australian climate, as well as the relationship between southwestern and southeastern Australia. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the dataset to resolve daily weather extremes by examining three severe storms that occurred in the nineteenth century associated with westerly storm tracks that influence southern Australia. The historical dataset introduced here provides a foundation for investigating pre-industrial weather and climate variability in southern Australia, extending the potential for attribution studies of anthropogenically-influenced weather and climate extremes.
Corrosion Simulations for Automotive Applications
Authors: Höche Daniel , Feiler Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDigitisation is making huge progress, and it is not stopping at automotive corrosion either. Within the entire automotive material life cycle, computer-aided approaches can already assist corrosion engineering and management today. From constructive corrosion protection on galvanically active hybrid constructions to the virtual design of active or passive corrosion protection systems, everything is possible. We are already very close to the goal of a continuous and realisable digital corrosion twin, but the complete integration into existing value chains is far from complete. This article provides an insight into current research and development and discusses the bottlenecks that still exist. The role of data or data collection and the smart combination of data- and physics-based modelling approaches are discussed. The possibilities and scope of applications of artificial intelligence methods for automotive corrosion topics are addressed. Concrete application scenarios are outlined by using examples, and the next work steps are derived.