bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source mechanisms and induced seismicity in the Val d'Agri Basin (Italy)
Authors: Roselli P , Improta L , Kwiatek G , Martínez-Garzón P , Saccorotti G , Lombardi A M 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe present the results from a fully unconstrained moment tensor inversion of induced seismic events in a complex and high seismic hazard region (Val d'Agri basin, Southern Italy). The study area hosts two well-documented cases of induced microseismicity linked to (i) a wastewater injection well of a giant oilfield (the largest in onshore Europe), and (ii) severe seasonal level changes of an artificial lake. In order to gather information on the non-double-couple components of the source and to better understand the rupture mechanisms, we analyse seismic events recorded during daily injection tests in the disposal well. The computed moment tensors have significant non-double-couple components that correlate with the well-head injection pressure. The injection parameters strongly influence the rupture mechanism that can be interpreted as due to the opening/closing of a fracture network inside a fault zone of a pre-existing thrust fault. For the case of the reservoir-induced seismicity, no direct correlations are observed with the loading/unloading of the reservoir.
Characterizing the molecular impact of KMT2D variants on the epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes in Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Jung Youngsook L , Hung Christina , Choi Jaejoon , Lee Eunjung A , Bodamer Olaf 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare, multisystem disorder with a variable clinical phenotype. The majority of KS is caused by dominant loss-of-function mutations in KMT2D (lysine methyltransferase 2D). KMT2D mediates chromatin accessibility by adding methyl groups to lysine residue 4 of histone 3, which plays a critical role in cell differentiation and homeostasis. The molecular underpinnings of KS remain elusive partly because of a lack of histone modification data from human samples. Consequently, we profiled and characterized alterations in histone modification and gene transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 33 patients with KMT2D mutations and 36 unaffected healthy controls. Our analysis identified unique enhancer signatures in H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 in KS compared with controls. Reduced enhancer signals were present for promoter-distal sites of immune-related genes for which co-binding of PBMC-specific transcription factors was predicted; 31% of super-enhancers of normal blood cells overlapped with disrupted enhancers in KS, supporting an association of reduced enhancer activity of immune-related genes with immune deficiency phenotypes. In contrast, increased enhancer signals were observed for promoter-proximal regions of metabolic genes enriched with EGR1 and E2F2 motifs, whose transcriptional levels were significantly increased in KS. Additionally, we identified ~100 de novo enhancers in genes, such as in MYO1F and AGAP2. Together, our results underscore the effect of KMT2D haploinsufficiency on dysregulation of enhancer states and gene transcription and provide a framework for the identification of therapeutic targets and biomarkers in preparation for clinical trial readiness.
Prevalence of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kilic Yakup , Kamal Shahed , Jaffar Farah , Sriranganathan Danujan , Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , Segal Jonathan P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multisystem disease impacting various body systems including musculoskeletal, ocular, skin, hepatobiliary, pulmonary, cardiac, and haematological systems. The extraintestinal manifestations of IBD are frequent, common in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), and impact the morbidity and mortality of patients.

Methods
The Embase, Embase classic, and PubMed databases were searched between January 1979 and December 2021. A random effects model was performed to find the pooled prevalence of joint, ocular, and skin extraintestinal manifestations of UC and CD.

Results
Fifty-two studies were included that reported on 352 454 patients. The prevalence of at least 1 joint, ocular, or skin extraintestinal manifestation in all IBD, UC, and CD was 24%, 27%, and 35% respectively. The prevalence between UC and CD were similar for pyoderma gangrenosum and axial joint manifestations. Ocular manifestations were found to be more common in CD than in UC. Peripheral joint manifestations and erythema nodosum were found to be more common in CD than UC.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that reports on the prevalence of at least 1 joint, ocular, or skin extraintestinal manifestation in IBD. Our results are largely consistent with figures and statements quoted in the literature. However, our findings are based on significantly larger cohort sizes. Thus, our results have the potential to better power studies and more accurately counsel patients.
Dual Biologic or Small Molecule Therapy in Refractory Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (DOUBLE-PIBD): A Multicenter Study from the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN
Authors: Yerushalmy-Feler Anat , Olbjorn Christine , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Aloi Marina , Musto Francesca , Martin-de-Carpi Javier , Lozano-Ruf Ana , Yogev Dotan , Matar Manar , Scarallo Luca , Bramuzzo Matteo , de Ridder Lissy , Kang Ben , Norden Christoph , Wilson David C , Tzivinikos Christos , Turner Dan , Cohen Shlomi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Current data on dual biologic therapy in children are limited. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dual therapy in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
A retrospective study from 14 centers affiliated with the Pediatric IBD Interest and Porto Groups of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Included were children with IBD who underwent combinations of biologic agents or biologic and small molecule therapy for at least 3 months. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and imaging data were collected. Adverse events were recorded.

Results
Sixty-two children (35 Crohn’s disease, 27 ulcerative colitis; median age 15.5 [interquartile range, 13.1-16.8] years) were included. They had all failed previous biologic therapies, and 47 (76%) failed at least 2 biologic agents. The dual therapy included an anti-tumor necrosis factor agent and vedolizumab in 30 children (48%), anti-tumor necrosis factor and ustekinumab in 21 (34%) children, vedolizumab and ustekinumab in 8 (13%) children, and tofacitinib with a biologic in 3 (5%) children. Clinical remission was observed in 21 (35%), 30 (50%), and 38 (63%) children at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Normalization of C-reactive protein and decrease in fecal calprotectin to &lt;250 µg/g were achieved in 75% and 64%, respectively, at 12 months of follow-up. Twenty-nine (47%) children sustained adverse events, 8 of which were regarded as serious and led to discontinuation of therapy in 6.

Conclusions
Dual biologic therapy may be effective in children with refractory IBD. The potential efficacy should be weighed against the risk of serious adverse events.
Population pharmacokinetic modelling to characterize the effect of chronic kidney disease on tenofovir exposure after tenofovir alafenamide administration
Authors: Thoueille Paul , Alves Saldanha Susana , Desfontaine Vincent , Kusejko Katharina , Courlet Perrine , Andre Pascal , Cavassini Matthias , Decosterd Laurent A , Buclin Thierry , Guidi Monia ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Tenofovir alafenamide is gradually replacing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, both prodrugs of tenofovir, in HIV prevention and treatment. There is thus an interest in describing tenofovir pharmacokinetics (PK) and its variability in people living with HIV (PLWH) under tenofovir alafenamide in a real-life setting.

Objectives
To characterize the usual range of tenofovir exposure in PLWH receiving tenofovir alafenamide, while assessing the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
We conducted a population PK analysis (NONMEM®) on 877 tenofovir and 100 tenofovir alafenamide concentrations measured in 569 PLWH. Model-based simulations allowed prediction of tenofovir trough concentrations (Cmin) in patients having various levels of renal function.

Results
Tenofovir PK was best described using a one-compartment model with linear absorption and elimination. Creatinine clearance (CLCR, estimated according to Cockcroft and Gault), age, ethnicity and potent P-glycoprotein inhibitors were statistically significantly associated with tenofovir clearance. However, only CLCR appeared clinically relevant. Model-based simulations revealed 294% and 515% increases of median tenofovir Cmin in patients with CLCR of 15–29 mL/min (CKD stage 3), and less than 15 mL/min (stage 4), respectively, compared with normal renal function (CLCR = 90–149 mL/min). Conversely, patients with augmented renal function (CLCR &gt; 149 mL/min) had a 36% decrease of median tenofovir Cmin.

Conclusions
Kidney function markedly affects circulating tenofovir exposure after tenofovir alafenamide administration in PLWH. However, considering its rapid uptake into target cells, we suggest only a cautious increase of tenofovir alafenamide dosage intervals to 2 or 3 days only in case of moderate or severe CKD, respectively.
Long-term treatment outcome and mutational analysis of patients on third-line antiretroviral therapy in programmatic conditions
Authors: Chakravarty Jaya , Srivastva Shweta , Kushwaha Anurag Kumar , Pal Arijit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
In low- and middle-income countries where most patients receive standardized third-line ART through national programmes, real-world data are scarce. This study was done to assess the long-term survival, and virological and mutational outcomes of people living with HIV receiving third-line ART between July 2016 and December 2019 in an ART centre in India.

Methods
Eighty-five patients were started on third-line ART. Genotypic resistance testing to identify drug resistance mutations in the integrase, reverse transcriptase and protease genes was done at the start of third-line therapy, as well as in those who did not attain virological suppression after 12 months of therapy.

Results
Survival was 85% (72/85) at 12 months and 72% (61/85) at the end of follow-up in March 2022. Virological suppression was present in 82% (59/72) and 88% (59/67) at 12 months and at the end of follow-up, respectively. Five out of 13 patients who had virological failure at 12 months showed virological suppression at the end of the study. At the start of third-line therapy, 35% (14/40) and 45% (17/38) of patients had major integrase- and protease-associated mutations, respectively, even though they had never been on integrase inhibitor-based regimens. At 1 year follow-up, among those failing third-line therapy, 33% (4/12) of patients had major integrase mutations, but none had major protease mutations.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates good long-term outcome in patients on standardized third-line ART in programmatic conditions with very few mutations in those failing the therapy.
Longitudinal Predictors of Pain in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Karlson Cynthia W , Barajas Kimberly G , Seals Samantha R , Britt Anna B , Schlenz Alyssa M , Jackson Erin A , Davis Dereck B , Morris Matthew C , Valrie Cecelia R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Despite the identified pathophysiology of vaso-occlusive pain in sickle cell disease (SCD), predictors of pain in youth with SCD remain elusive. In this study, we measured changes in pain frequency, intensity, and interference over 1 year and examined biopsychosocial risk factors (SCD disease severity, age, female, depression, and sleep quality) as possible longitudinal predictors.

Methods
Medical history was obtained from retrospective chart review for 79 children with SCD (ages 2–18 years; 48.1% female; 100% Black/African American; 83.5% SCD, SS genotype). As part of a clinical screening protocol, caregivers (n = 79) and youth 8–18 years (n = 43) completed psychosocial questionnaires approximately 1 year apart (M = 15.52 months, SD = 5.69). Zero-order correlations, paired t-tests, and hierarchical linear models examined longitudinal predictors of pain. The longitudinal bidirectional relationship between pain and sleep was also examined.

Results
The rate of severe SCD disease increased from 41.8% to 55.7% across the year, while most hematologic medical parameters remained stable. Increased depression and pain interference at survey 1 significantly predicted increased pain interference at survey 2. Poor sleep quality and increased pain frequency at survey 1 predicted increased pain frequency at survey 2. Finally, increased pain interference at survey 1 predicted poor sleep quality at survey 2.

Discussion
History of pain, depression, and sleep quality were longitudinal predictors of pain over 1 year in youth with SCD. Identifying longitudinal predictors of pain may lead to earlier identification of patients with a high-risk SCD pain phenotype and earlier medical, psychological, and behavioral interventions.
Learning ‘The Customs of their Fathers’: Irish Villages in Chicago’s Columbian Exposition, 1893
Authors: Akhtar Shahmima 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article examines how a transnational vision of Ireland was created in the United States by two philanthropic women in Chicago’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. Lady Aberdeen and Alice Hart each used accessible images of Ireland and the bodies of white exhibited women to authenticate their narrative of dying rural industries that needed to be revived. Their specific visions of Irish development and survival were located against the backdrop of significant Irish migration to the United States and capitalized on feelings of nostalgia popular among the newly settled Irish-American population. By trading on discourse of an Irish whiteness, a Scotswoman and Englishwoman foregrounded Ireland’s place in the imagined hierarchy of civilizations popular in the nineteenth century. They materially, physically and performatively manufactured Ireland as being at the apex of civilization narratives – positioned as the Irish Villages were at the start of the Midway Plaisance. If the Irish only laboured enough, produced enough, and consumed enough, their symbolic place in the fairground would ascend to the main arena of industry, technology, and capitalism – ensuring the survival of Ireland’s people and land. Through interrogating the multiple ways in which women’s bodies, rural industries, and commerce interacted in the space of the Fair, the article contributes to studies of Irish identities in Ireland, England, and the United States at the interface of race, gender, and class.
Nodular Syphilis Seen in an HIV-Positive Man: A Case Study
Authors: Burchak Andrew , Rivera Robert , Douglas Mark 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Syphilis is becoming an increasingly concerning sexually transmitted infection in the primary care setting with a precipitous rise in cases in the USA over the past decade according to the CDC surveillance data. This rise in cases is particularly relevant in military medicine as the greatest increase in cases is among adults in their 20s. Nodular syphilis is a rare presentation of the secondary stage of syphilis, and contrary to the well-known maculopapular rash seen with syphilis infection, little is known about effective treatment of nodular manifestations of the disease. We present a case of a 54-year-old HIV-positive man with nodular secondary syphilis effectively treated with an empiric 2-week course of oral doxycycline. Initial differential diagnosis included erythema nodosum, arthropod vector disease, skin infection, and erythema elevatum diutinum. Biopsy demonstrated granulomatous dermatitis, and serology revealed positive Treponema pallidum antibodies with a rapid plasma reagin of 1:256, confirming the diagnosis of secondary syphilis with granulomatous dermatitis. This case indicates that clinicians should consider this unusual cutaneous presentation of secondary syphilis when evaluating patients with nodular skin lesions, especially in high-risk individuals.
Radio galaxy zoo EMU: towards a semantic radio galaxy morphology taxonomy
Authors: Bowles Micah , Tang Hongming , Vardoulaki Eleni , Alexander Emma L , Luo Yan , Rudnick Lawrence , Walmsley Mike , Porter Fiona , Scaife Anna M M , Slijepcevic Inigo Val , Adams Elizabeth A K , Drabent Alexander , Dugdale Thomas , Gürkan Gülay , Hopkins Andrew M , Jimenez-Andrade Eric F , Leahy Denis A , Norris Ray P , Rahman Syed Faisal ur , Ouyang Xichang , Segal Gary , Shabala Stanislav S , Wong O Ivy 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a novel natural language processing (NLP) approach to deriving plain English descriptors for science cases otherwise restricted by obfuscating technical terminology. We address the limitations of common radio galaxy morphology classifications by applying this approach. We experimentally derive a set of semantic tags for the Radio Galaxy Zoo EMU (Evolutionary Map of the Universe) project and the wider astronomical community. We collect 8486 plain English annotations of radio galaxy morphology, from which we derive a taxonomy of tags. The tags are plain English. The result is an extensible framework, which is more flexible, more easily communicated, and more sensitive to rare feature combinations, which are indescribable using the current framework of radio astronomy classifications.
A semi-analytical model for coorbital motion
Authors: Tan Pan , Hou Xi-yun , Liao Xin-hao 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
A globally valid analytically averaged Hamiltonian model for the coorbital motion is hard to construct because the analytical expansions of the disturbing function usually diverge in the quasi-satellite domain that is close to collision singularity. In this paper, an analytically averaged model for the coorbital motion is proposed in case of the circular restricted three-body problem, which can describe properly the transitions that occur at small eccentricities and inclinations, such as the transition between the horseshoe orbit and the quasi-satellite orbit. With the help of the numerical averaging method, numerical experiments are carried out to show the validity and accuracy of the analytically averaged model. The averaged model proposed here can be easily extended to more complicated cases such as the elliptic three-body problem or the planetary three-body problem.
Concurrent Choice Assessment of Preference and Substitutability of E-cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products for Combustible Cigarettes Among African American and White Smokers
Authors: Funk Olivia L , Nollen Nicole L , Wagener Theodore L , Ahluwalia Jasjit S , Mayo Matthew S , Mahmud Kazi Md Farhad , Lambart Leah , Leavens Eleanor L S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Alternative nicotine delivery products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTPs), contain fewer toxicants than combustible cigarettes and offer a potential for harm reduction. Research on the substitutability of e-cigarettes and HTPs is crucial for understanding their impact on public health. This study examined subjective and behavioral preferences for an e-cigarette and HTP relative to participants’ usual brand combustible cigarette (UBC) in African American and White smokers naïve to alternative products.

Aims and Methods
Twenty-two adult African American (n = 12) and White (n = 10) smokers completed randomized study sessions with their UBC and study provided e-cigarette and HTP. A concurrent choice task allowed participants to earn puffs of the products but placed UBC on a progressive ratio schedule, making puffs harder to earn, and e-cigarette and HTP on a fixed ratio schedule to assess behavioral preference for the products. Behavioral preference was then compared to self-reported subjective preference.

Results
Most participants had a subjective preference for UBC (n = 11, 52.4%), followed by an equal preference for e-cigarette (n = 5, 23.8%) and HTP (n = 5, 23.8%). During the concurrent choice task, participants showed a behavioral preference (i.e., more earned puffs) for the e-cigarette (n = 9, 42.9%), followed by HTP (n = 8, 38.1%), and UBC (n = 4, 19.1%). Participants earned significantly more puffs of the alternative products compared to UBC (p = .011) with no difference in earned puffs between e-cigarettes and HTP (p = .806).

Conclusions
In a simulated lab setting, African American and White smokers were willing to substitute UBC for an e-cigarette or HTP when the attainment of UBC became more difficult.

Trial Registration
NCT04646668.

Implications
Findings suggest that African American and White smokers are willing to substitute their UBC for an alternative nicotine delivery product (e-cigarette or HTP) when the attainment of cigarettes became more difficult in a simulated lab setting. Findings require confirmation among a larger sample under real-world conditions but add to growing evidence suggesting the acceptability of alternative nicotine delivery products among racially diverse smokers. These data are important as policies that limit the availability or appeal of combustible cigarettes are considered or enacted.
Effectiveness of Peer-Support Interventions for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Patrick , Westmaas J Lee , Thrul Johannes , Toussaert Séverine , Hilton Joan F , White Justin S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Peer support has been recommended to promote smoking cessation, but results from prior meta-analyses have not established its efficacy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess current evidence and identify potential modifiers of efficacy.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials of peer-support interventions with a smoking cessation outcome were identified in January 2022 from PubMed and references listed in identified studies. The meta-analysis outcome measure was mean risk ratio (RR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for abstinence at the longest follow-up timepoint between 3 and 9 months from baseline. Potential modifiers tested were peer smoking status (former, current, or unknown), follow-up timepoint, abstinence measure, and cumulative engagement time between peers and smokers (“dose”). Studies were assessed for risk of bias and certainty of evidence.

Results
We identified 16 trials, which varied in abstinence effect size (RR 0.61–3.07), sample size (23–2121), dose (41–207 minutes), and follow-up timepoint (&lt;1–15 months). Across 15 trials with follow-up between 3 and 9 months (N = 8573 participants; 4565 intervention, 4008 control), the pooled Mantel-Haenszel RR was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.11–1.62). Effect sizes were greatest among interventions with formerly smoking peers (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.17–1.74; five trials). We found positive effects for follow-up timepoints ≥3 months but no effect of intervention dose. The overall quality of evidence was deemed “very low.”

Conclusions
Peer-support interventions increased smoking abstinence. There remains a lack of consensus about how to define a peer. Intervention features such as peer smoking status appear to have explanatory power. Additional high-quality and more comparable trials are needed.

Implications
This study reviewed the latest evidence from randomized controlled trials and found that peer-support interventions enhance smoking cessation. Efficacy varies with key intervention features such as peer smoking status and follow-up timepoint, which may be used to facilitate development of more effective peer-support interventions. Future trials and reviews would benefit from careful consideration and clear reporting of peer smoking status, length of follow-up, abstinence measures, and intervention dose.