bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quercetin promotes autophagy to alleviate cigarette smoke‐related periodontitis
Authors: Yu Jinrui , Jing Zheng , Shen Danfeng , Yang Mingcong , Liu Kehao , Xiang Kai , Zhou Chongjing , Gong Xuerui , Deng Yangjia , Li Yuzhou , Yang Sheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCigarette smoking has been reported as an independent risk factor for periodontitis. Tobacco toxins affect periodontal tissue not only locally but also systemically, leading to the deterioration and recurrence of periodontitis. However, the mechanism of cigarette smoke‐related periodontitis (CSRP) is unclear and thus lacks targeted treatment strategies. Quercetin, a plant‐derived polyphenolic flavonoid, has been reported to have therapeutic effects on periodontitis due to its documented antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin on CSRP and elucidated the underlying mechanism.MethodsThe cigarette smoke‐related ligature‐induced periodontitis mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and silk ligation of bilateral maxillary second molars. Quercetin was adopted by gavage as a therapeutic strategy. Micro‐computed tomography was used to evaluate the alveolar bone resorption. Immunohistochemistry detected the oxidative stress and autophagy markers in vivo. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8, and oxidative stress levels were tested by 2,7‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde assay kit. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were used to determine osteogenic differentiation. Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, and western blot were utilized to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism.ResultsAlveolar bone resorption was exacerbated and oxidative stress products were accumulated during CSE exposure in vivo. Oxidative stress damage induced by CSE caused inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Quercetin effectively protected the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and periodontal tissue by upregulating the expression of Beclin‐1 thus to promote autophagy and reduce oxidative stress damage.ConclusionOur results established a role of oxidative stress damage and autophagy dysfunction in the mechanism of CSE‐induced destruction of periodontal tissue and hPDLCs, and provided a potential application value of quercetin to ameliorate CSRP.
Hepatokine‐based identification of fibrotic NASH and improved risk stratification in a multicentre cohort of NAFLD patients
Authors: Franck Martin , John Katharina , Al Aoua Sherin , Rau Monika , Geier Andreas , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Schulze‐Osthoff Klaus , Bantel Heike 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe presence of significant liver fibrosis associated with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is regarded as the major prognostic factor in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Identification of patients at risk for NASH with significant fibrosis is therefore important. Although the established fibrosis score FIB‐4 is suitable to exclude advanced fibrosis, it does not allow the prediction of significant fibrosis in NAFLD patients. We therefore evaluated whether the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, might identify ‘at‐risk NASH’ in NAFLD.MethodsFGF21 levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in sera from an exploration (n = 137) and a validation (n = 88) cohort of biopsy‐proven NAFLD patients with different disease activity and fibrosis stages. In addition, we evaluated whether the use of FGF21 could improve risk stratification in NAFLD patients with low (<1.3) or intermediate (1.3–2.67) FIB‐4.ResultsFGF21 levels could significantly discriminate between NASH and non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) patients, even in the absence of diabetes. Moreover, patients with NASH and fibrosis ≥F2 showed significantly higher FGF21 levels compared to NAFLD patients without significant fibrosis. Significantly elevated FGF21 levels could even be detected in NAFLD patients with NASH and significant fibrosis despite low or intermediate FIB‐4.ConclusionSerological FGF21 detection might allow the identification of NAFLD patients at risk and improves patient stratification in combination with FIB‐4.
Sharing the space of the creature: Intersubjectivity as a lens toward mutual human–wildlife dignity
Authors: Perry Donna J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman–wildlife coexistence is critical for sustainable and healthy ecosystems as well as to prevent human and wildlife suffering. In this paper, an intersubjective approach to human–wildlife interactions is proposed as a lens toward human decentering and emergent mutual evolution. The thesis is developed through a secondary data analysis of a research study on wildlife care and philosophical analysis using the work of Bernard Lonergan and Edmund Husserl. The study was conducted using the theory of transcendent pluralism, which is grounded in human and ecological dignity, including the dignity of beyond‐human beings. Deeper interpretation of the original data suggests that human–wildlife interactions are mutually conscious, embodied, and hold spatial–temporal dimensions. The affective realm is an integral dimension of human–wildlife intersubjectivity. These findings inform an approach toward human–wildlife relations in which human persons and the beyond‐human multitude can all flourish in dignity.
Total temporomandibular joint reconstruction prosthesis in hemifacial microsomia: A systematic review
Authors: Arif H. , Ashraf R. , Khan F. , Khattak Y. R. , Nisar H. , Ahmad I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHypoplastic asymmetry due to hemifacial microsomia (HFM) often represents the most difficult reconstruction in the craniomaxillofacial clinic. Although autogenous grafts are generally used for temporomandibular joint reconstruction (TMJR), the use of TMJR prostheses is not well established. The aim of this review was to identify, collect and analyse the use of extended TMJR (eTMJR) prostheses in patients with HFM, describing clinical features, surgical procedures and postoperative complications. Online searches of all major databases were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. All studies with HFM patients treated with the eTMJR prostheses were included. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. A total of 19 studies, including 08 case studies, 06 case series and 05 retrospective cohort studies, met the inclusion criteria, where a total of 42 HFM patients were reported from 18 countries, mostly from the United States (05; 26%). Fifteen of the 42 cases (~36%) were male. The mean ± SD (range) age of patients in all studies was 19.79 ± 5.81 (9‐36) years. The mean ± SD (range) of patient follow‐up was 41.30 ± 35.50 (6‐136) months. A total of 5 (10.6%) patients were implanted with bilateral eTMJR prostheses. The Pruzansky classification was used in 18 (~89.5%) studies, OMENS classification in 01 (~5%) study, whereas no classification was reported in one study. Only 01 (7.1%) study had documented the eTMJR classification for the prosthesis used. In growing patients with or without a history of failed autogenous tissues, TMJR prostheses may provide a viable alternative. Randomized studies with large cohorts are warranted to validate these preliminary results.
Racial and ethnic disparities in antifibrotic therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Joy , Fares Joseph , George Gautam , Maheu Arlene , Loizidis Giorgos , Roman Jesse , Kramer Daniel , Li Michael , Summer Ross 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRacial disparities have been documented in care of many respiratory diseases but little is known about the impact of race on the treatment of interstitial lung diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine how race and ethnicity influence treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsAdults with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (>18 years) were identified using TriNetX database and paired‐wised comparisons were performed for antifibrotic treatment among White, Black, Hispanic and Asian patients. Mortality of treated and untreated IPF patients was compared after propensity score matching for age, sex, nicotine dependence, oxygen dependence and predicted FVC. Additional comparisons were performed in subgroups of IPF patients older than 65 years of age and with lower lung function.ResultsOf 47,184 IPF patients identified, the majority were White (35,082), followed by Hispanic (6079), Black (5245) and Asian (1221). When subgroups were submitted to matched cohort pair‐wise comparisons, anti‐fibrotic usage was lower among Black patients compared to White (6.2% vs. 11.4%, p‐value <0.0001), Hispanic (10.8% vs. 20.2%, p‐value <0.0001) and Asian patients (9.6% vs. 14.7%, p‐value = 0.0006). Similar treatment differences were noted in Black individuals older than 65 years and those with lower lung function. Mortality among White patients, but not Hispanic, Black, or Asian patients, was lower in patients on antifibrotic therapy versus not on therapy.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that Black IPF patients had lower antifibrotic use compared to White, Hispanic and Asian patients. Our findings suggest that urgent action is needed to understand the reason why racial disparities exist in the treatment of IPF.
A retrospective 10 years‐ experience overview of dye laser treatments for vascular pathologies
Authors: Giovanni Cannarozzo , Marina Pennati Beatrice , Tiziano Zingoni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe Flash‐lamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) is nowadays considered the most precise laser currently on the market for treating superficial vascular lesions. In this study, we gathered data from 10 years of experience regarding dye laser treatment of patients presenting vascular malformations such as telangiectasia, rhinophyma, port‐wine stain, cherry and spider angioma and vascular tumours.MethodsSubjects were enrolled from 2013 to 2023 based on the vascular anomalies they presented. They underwent different treatment sessions with the FPDL device.ResultsThe age‐range distribution by vascular anomaly confirmed that haemangiomas are typical in children while rhinophyma is a condition very common in older adults. A difference in sex distribution showed that pathologies such as telangiectasias typically affect women whereas rhinophyma is more frequent in men. Most of the treatments interested the face area but no permanent side effects were registered.ConclusionsOur 10 years of experience with FPDL demonstrated good results in a wide range of applications for the treatment of different vascular anomalies. The absence of long‐term side effects and bearable pain during the treatment makes it a valuable solution for the resolution of benign tumours also in very young patients.
Transfusion reactions associated with COVID‐19 convalescent plasma in outpatient clinical trials
Authors: Huaman Moises A. , Raval Jay S. , Paxton James H. , Mosnaim Giselle S. , Patel Bela , Anjan Shweta , Meisenberg Barry R. , Levine Adam C. , Marshall Christi E. , Yarava Anusha , Shenoy Aarthi G. , Heath Sonya L. , Currier Judith S. , Fukuta Yuriko , Blair Janis E. , Spivak Emily S. , Petrini Joann R. , Broderick Patrick B. , Rausch William , Cordisco MarieElena , Hammel Jean , Greenblatt Benjamin , Cluzet Valerie C. , Cruser Daniel , Oei Kevin , Abinante Matthew , Hammitt Laura L. , Sutcliffe Catherine G. , Forthal Donald N. , Zand Martin S. , Cachay Edward R. , Kassaye Seble G. , Ram Malathi , Wang Ying , Das Piyali , Lane Karen , McBee Nichol A. , Gawad Amy L. , Karlen Nicky , Ford Daniel E. , Laeyendecker Oliver , Pekosz Andrew , Klein Sabra L. , Ehrhardt Stephan , Lau Bryan , Baksh Sheriza N. , Shade David M. , Casadevall Arturo , Hanley Daniel F. , Ou Jiangda , Gniadek Thomas J. , Ziman Alyssa , Shoham Shmuel , Gebo Kelly A. , Bloch Evan M. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Sullivan David J. , Gerber Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is an important therapeutic option for outpatients at high risk of hospitalization from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We assessed the safety of outpatient CCP transfusions administered during clinical trials.Study Design and MethodsWe analyzed data pertaining to transfusion‐related reactions from two randomized controlled trials in the U.S. that evaluated the efficacy of CCP versus control plasma in various ambulatory settings. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess whether CCP was associated with transfusion reactions, after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe combined study reported 79/1351 (5.9%) adverse events during the transfusion visit, with the majority 62/1351 (4.6%) characterized by mild, allergic‐type findings of urticaria, and/or pruritus consistent with minor allergic transfusion reactions; the other reported events were attributed to the patients' underlying disease, COVID‐19, or vasovagal in nature. We found no difference in the likelihood of allergic transfusion reactions between those receiving CCP versus control plasma (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.43–1.31). Risk of urticaria and/or pruritus increased with a pre‐existing diagnosis of asthma (AOR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.16–4.67). We did not observe any CCP‐attributed antibody disease enhancement in participants with COVID‐19 or increased risk of infection. There were no life‐threatening severe transfusion reactions and no patients required hospitalization related to transfusion‐associated complications.DiscussionOutpatient plasma administration was safely performed for nearly 1400 participants. CCP is a safe therapeutic option for outpatients at risk of hospitalization from COVID‐19.
Local constancy of pro‐unipotent Kummer maps
Authors: Betts Luke Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is a theorem of Kim–Tamagawa that the ‐pro‐unipotent Kummer map associated to a smooth projective curve over a finite extension of is locally constant when . This paper establishes two generalisations of this result. First, we extend the Kim–Tamagawa theorem to the case that is a smooth variety of any dimension. Second, we formulate and prove the analogue of the Kim–Tamagawa theorem in the case , again in arbitrary dimension. In the course of proving the latter, we give a proof of an étale–de Rham comparison theorem for pro‐unipotent fundamental groupoids using methods of Scholze and Diao–Lan–Liu–Zhu. This extends the comparison theorem proved by Vologodsky for certain truncations of the fundamental groupoids.
Cross-sectional study evaluating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on Long COVID outcomes in UK hospital survivors
Authors: Saigal Anita , Nagoda Niklewicz Camila , Naidu Sindhu Bhaarrati , Bintalib Heba M , Shah Amar Jitu , Seligmann George , Hunter Alan Stewart , Wey Emmanuel , Abubakar Ibrahim , Mahungu Tabitha , Miller David , Barnett Joseph , Jain Neel Gautam , Brill Simon , Goldring James , Jarvis Hannah , Smith Colette , Ogbonnaya Chibueze , Hurst John R , Lipman Marc C I , Mandal Swapna 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesCOVID-19 studies report on hospital admission outcomes across SARS-CoV-2 waves of infection but knowledge of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the development of Long COVID in hospital survivors is limited. We sought to investigate Long COVID outcomes, aiming to compare outcomes in adult hospitalised survivors with known variants of concern during our first and second UK COVID-19 waves, prior to widespread vaccination.DesignProspective observational cross-sectional study.SettingSecondary care tertiary hospital in the UK.ParticipantsThis study investigated Long COVID in 673 adults with laboratory-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection or clinically suspected COVID-19, 6 weeks after hospital discharge. We compared adults with wave 1 (wildtype variant, admitted from February to April 2020) and wave 2 patients (confirmed Alpha variant on viral sequencing (B.1.1.7), admitted from December 2020 to February 2021).Outcome measuresAssociations of Long COVID presence (one or more of 14 symptoms) and total number of Long COVID symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 variant were analysed using multiple logistic and Poisson regression, respectively.Results322/400 (wave 1) and 248/273 (wave 2) patients completed follow-up. Predictors of increased total number of Long COVID symptoms included: pre-existing lung disease (adjusted count ratio (aCR)=1.26, 95% CI 1.07, 1.48) and more COVID-19 admission symptoms (aCR=1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.12). Weaker associations included increased length of inpatient stay (aCR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.03) and later review after discharge (aCR=1.00, 95% CI 1.00, 1.01). SARS-CoV-2 variant was not associated with Long COVID presence (OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.24, 4.20) or total number of symptoms (aCR=1.09, 95% CI 0.82, 1.44).ConclusionsPatients with chronic lung disease or greater COVID-19 admission symptoms have higher Long COVID risk. SARS-CoV-2 variant was not predictive of Long COVID though in wave 2 we identified fewer admission symptoms, improved clinical trajectory and outcomes. Addressing modifiable factors such as length of stay and timepoint of clinical review following discharge may enable clinicians to move from Long COVID risk stratification towards improving its outcome.
Molecular diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex in fetuses and infants: an institutional case series
Authors: Bolshakova Anna S , Maslennikov Dmitry N , Shubina Jekaterina , Bystritskiy Andrey A , Tolmacheva Ekaterina R , Mukosey Irina S , Kochetkova Taisiya O , Vasiliev Grigory S , Atapina Ekaterina E , Sadelov Igor O , Zaretskaya Nadezhda V , Barkov Ilya Yu , Degtyarev Dmitry N , Trofimov Dmitry Yu 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveWe describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of fetuses and infants diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in our centre, prenatally or neonatally, for a better understanding of the benefits of early screening.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analysed the data on one fetus and nine infants with a definitive TSC diagnosis by genetic criteria (five patients carryingTSC1variants and 5 patients carryingTSC2variants). We explored the differences between phenotypes of patients carryingTSC1andTSC2pathogenic variants.ResultsThe most common initial presenting features of TSC were cardiac rhabdomyomas (CRs) that were observed in nine out of ten patients. The most common postnatal features, besides CR, were presented with subependymal nodules—in five patients, and hypomelanotic macules—in four patients. In total, 10 variants causing TSC were detected in this study, including 5 novel variants. We demonstrated that patients withTSC2variants had earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations compared with patients carryingTSC1variants.ConclusionEarly diagnosis of TSC improves genetic counselling and perinatal management.
Nivolumab and ipilimumab in combination with radiotherapy in patients with high-risk locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Johnson Jennifer M , Vathiotis Ioannis A , Harshyne Larry A , Ali Ayesha , Bar Ad Voichita , Axelrod Rita , Lorber Emily , Curry Joseph , Cognetti David M , Luginbuhl Adam J , Tuluc Madalina , Keith Scott , Mahoney Mỹ G , Argiris Athanassios 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab has been approved for the treatment of multiple solid tumors. This was a phase I study investigating definitive radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with nivolumab and ipilimumab for the treatment of locally advanced (LA) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed, stage IVA–IVB SCCHN eligible for cisplatin-based chemotherapy received nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks for a total of 17 doses) and ipilimumab (1 mg/kg every 6 weeks for a total of 6 doses) starting 2 weeks prior to radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was safety of definitive RIT. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Exploratory endpoints included the association of baseline programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression as well as on-treatment changes in immune bias with treatment outcomes.ResultsTwenty-four patients were enrolled. With a median follow-up of 36.1 months, grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events were reported in 21 individuals (88%); 5 individuals developed in-field soft tissue ulceration during consolidation immunotherapy, resulting in one fatality. The 3-year PFS and OS rates were 74% (95% CI 58% to 94%) and 96% (95% CI 88% to 100%), respectively. PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) did not correlate with death or disease progression. Decreases in extracellular vesicle PD-L1 within the concurrent RIT phase were associated with prolonged PFS (p=0.006). Also, interval decreases in circulating interleukin (IL)4, IL9, IL12, and IL17a during concurrent RIT were associated with subsequent ulceration.ConclusionsDefinitive RIT with nivolumab and ipilimumab has sufficient clinical activity to support further development. Early changes in circulating biomarkers appear able to predict treatment outcomes as well as ensuing in-field soft tissue ulceration.Trial registration numberNCT03162731.
Global health context for the military in Defence Engagement (Health)
Authors: Foley Sue , Falconer Hall T , Bates D , Attridge K 
Published: August 2023

Global health practice is becoming a key enabler within UK Defence and foreign policy. The definition of global health remains debated, though some important themes have been identified including: the multidisciplinary nature of global health, its ethical foundation and the political nature of global health. This paper contributes to the ongoing rational discourse that this important discipline deserves and recommends a framework and principles to apply to military health and care system strengthening in the Defence Engagement (Health) (DE(H)) practitioner role. DE(H) involves complex multiorganisational relationships and processes, and while practitioners should be mindful of the political nature of their role, the broad aims of preventing conflict and building stability mean DE(H) should contribute positively to global health.This paper forms part of a special issue ofBMJ Military Healthdedicated to Defence Engagement.
Agata detector technology: recent progress and future developments
Authors: Eberth J. , Hess H. , Reiter P. , Bertoldo S. , Carraro C. , Maggioni G. , Napoli D. R. , Raniero W. , De Salvador D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract$$\gamma $$γ-ray tracking is based on a new generation of position sensitive high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. A novel type of cluster detector was successfully developed and assembled for the high-resolution$$\gamma $$γ-ray spectrometer Advanced Gamma Tracking Array AGATA. The core part of the detector consists of three encapsulated, 36-fold segmented HPGe detectors which are operated in a common cryostat. The Ge crystal is hermetically sealed inside an aluminium can. All energy channels provide best energy resolution of core and segment signals for an extended energy range well above 50 MeV. A low cross-talk level was determined for the HPGe detectors and its preamplifier circuitry. Related cross-talk corrections are essential for highest energy resolution and improved position dependent pulse shape information. Recently a new encapsulation technology was put into operation which is based on a renewable metal elastic seal. HPGe detector developments are concerned with technologies for the production of p+ and n+ contacts, the segmentation and passivation of encapsulated HPGe crystals. Semiconductor processing research specifically aimed to develop a stable, thin and easy to segment n+ contact. A novel process, based on pulsed laser melting PLM, was successfully employed to produce very thin n+ and p+ contacts preserving the Ge purity. The contacts were segmented using a photolithographic process and then the intrinsic surface between contacts was passivated to assure the electrical insulation between them. A small detector prototype with three segments was made using these new techniques and then successfully tested.