bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and Application of UPLC-MS/MS Method to Analysis of Glyphosate and its Metabolites in Water
Authors: de J. Bastidas-Bastidas Pedro , Cabrera Rosina , Valenzuela-Quintanar Ana I , Olmeda-Rubio Claudia , González-Mendoza Victor M , Perea-Domínguez Xiomara P , González-Márquez Luis C , del C. Salvatierra-Stamp Vilma , Leyva-Morales José B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A method was developed to determine glyphosate and their metabolites in water. The widespread use of this herbicide in agricultural activities worldwide, despite the reported adverse effects on both the environment and health, is a cause for concern and makes it necessary to monitor its presence through a method that guarantees the determination at trace levels. A direct extraction of the analytes with phosphate buffer was performed with subsequent derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate. The quantification was determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. The method was validated through the following parameters: selectivity, detection and quantification limits, linearity, accuracy, precision and uncertainty. The average recoveries ranged between 94.08 and 103.31%. Additionally, detection limits from 0.396 to 0.433 μg/L, and the quantification limit was 5.0 μg/L for all the analytes evaluated. In terms of linearity and precision, the results obtained were in the ranges considered adequate (R2 ≥ 0.99 and CV ≤ 20%), the estimated expanded uncertainty was 12.95, 11.15 and 13.83% for glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid and glufosinate, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the determination of the target analytes in irrigation water samples, detecting concentrations of aminomethylphosphonic acid over limit detection for some sampling sites.
A cosine rule-based discrete sectional curvature for graphs
Authors: Du Plessis J F , Arsiwalla Xerxes D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How does one generalize differential geometric constructs such as curvature of a manifold to the discrete world of graphs and other combinatorial structures? This problem carries significant importance for analysing models of discrete spacetime in quantum gravity; inferring network geometry in network science; and manifold learning in data science. The key contribution of this article is to introduce and validate a new estimator of discrete sectional curvature for random graphs with low metric-distortion. The latter are constructed via a specific graph sprinkling method on different manifolds with constant sectional curvature. We define a notion of metric distortion, which quantifies how well the graph metric approximates the metric of the underlying manifold. We show how graph sprinkling algorithms can be refined to produce hard annulus random geometric graphs with minimal metric distortion. We construct random geometric graphs for spheres, hyperbolic and Euclidean planes; upon which we validate our curvature estimator. Numerical analysis reveals that the error of the estimated curvature diminishes as the mean metric distortion goes to zero, thus demonstrating convergence of the estimate. We also perform comparisons to other existing discrete curvature measures. Finally, we demonstrate two practical applications: (i) estimation of the earth’s radius using geographical data; and (ii) sectional curvature distributions of self-similar fractals.
Growth in marine mammals: a review of growth patterns, composition and energy investment
Authors: Adamczak Stephanie K , McHuron Elizabeth A , Christiansen Fredrik , Dunkin Robin , McMahon Clive R , Noren Shawn , Pirotta Enrico , Rosen David , Sumich James , Costa Daniel P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Growth of structural mass and energy reserves influences individual survival, reproductive success, population and species life history. Metrics of structural growth and energy storage of individuals are often used to assess population health and reproductive potential, which can inform conservation. However, the energetic costs of tissue deposition for structural growth and energy stores and their prioritization within bioenergetic budgets are poorly documented. This is particularly true across marine mammal species as resources are accumulated at sea, limiting the ability to measure energy allocation and prioritization. We reviewed the literature on marine mammal growth to summarize growth patterns, explore their tissue compositions, assess the energetic costs of depositing these tissues and explore the tradeoffs associated with growth. Generally, marine mammals exhibit logarithmic growth. This means that the energetic costs related to growth and tissue deposition are high for early postnatal animals, but small compared to the total energy budget as animals get older. Growth patterns can also change in response to resource availability, habitat and other energy demands, such that they can serve as an indicator of individual and population health. Composition of tissues remained consistent with respect to protein and water content across species; however, there was a high degree of variability in the lipid content of both muscle (0.1–74.3%) and blubber (0.4–97.9%) due to the use of lipids as energy storage. We found that relatively few well-studied species dominate the literature, leaving data gaps for entire taxa, such as beaked whales. The purpose of this review was to identify such gaps, to inform future research priorities and to improve our understanding of how marine mammals grow and the associated energetic costs.
Testing human ability to detect ‘deepfake’ images of human faces
Authors: Bray Sergi D , Johnson Shane D , Kleinberg Bennett 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
‘Deepfakes’ are computationally created entities that falsely represent reality. They can take image, video, and audio modalities, and pose a threat to many areas of systems and societies, comprising a topic of interest to various aspects of cybersecurity and cybersafety. In 2020, a workshop consulting AI experts from academia, policing, government, the private sector, and state security agencies ranked deepfakes as the most serious AI threat. These experts noted that since fake material can propagate through many uncontrolled routes, changes in citizen behaviour may be the only effective defence. This study aims to assess human ability to identify image deepfakes of human faces (these being uncurated output from the StyleGAN2 algorithm as trained on the FFHQ dataset) from a pool of non-deepfake images (these being random selection of images from the FFHQ dataset), and to assess the effectiveness of some simple interventions intended to improve detection accuracy. Using an online survey, participants (N = 280) were randomly allocated to one of four groups: a control group, and three assistance interventions. Each participant was shown a sequence of 20 images randomly selected from a pool of 50 deepfake images of human faces and 50 images of real human faces. Participants were asked whether each image was AI-generated or not, to report their confidence, and to describe the reasoning behind each response. Overall detection accuracy was only just above chance and none of the interventions significantly improved this. Of equal concern was the fact that participants’ confidence in their answers was high and unrelated to accuracy. Assessing the results on a per-image basis reveals that participants consistently found certain images easy to label correctly and certain images difficult, but reported similarly high confidence regardless of the image. Thus, although participant accuracy was 62% overall, this accuracy across images ranged quite evenly between 85 and 30%, with an accuracy of below 50% for one in every five images. We interpret the findings as suggesting that there is a need for an urgent call to action to address this threat.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of human lung innate lymphoid cells in the vascular and tissue niche reveals molecular features of tissue adaptation
Authors: Alisjahbana Arlisa , Mohammad Imran , Gao Yu , Evren Elza , Willinger Tim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are sentinels of healthy organ function, yet it is unknown how ILCs adapt to distinct anatomical niches within tissues. Here, we used a unique humanized mouse model, MISTRG mice transplanted with human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), to define the gene signatures of human ILCs in the vascular versus the tissue (extravascular) compartment of the lung. Single-cell RNA sequencing in combination with intravascular cell labeling demonstrated that heterogeneous populations of human ILCs and natural killer (NK) cells occupied the vascular and tissue niches in the lung of HSPC-engrafted MISTRG mice. Moreover, we discovered that niche-specific cues shape the molecular programs of human ILCs in the distinct sub-anatomical compartments of the lung. Specifically, extravasation of ILCs into the lung tissue was associated with the upregulation of genes involved in the acquisition of tissue residency, cell positioning within the lung, sensing of tissue-derived signals, cellular stress responses, nutrient uptake, and interaction with other tissue-resident immune cells. We also defined a core tissue signature shared between human ILCs and NK cells in the extravascular space of the lung, consistent with imprinting by signals from the local microenvironment. The molecular characterization of human ILCs and NK cells in the vascular and tissue niches of the lung provides new knowledge on the mechanisms of ILC tissue adaptation and represents a resource for further studies.
Bentall versus valve-sparing aortic root replacement for root pathology with moderate-to-severe aortic insufficiency: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Norton Elizabeth L , Patel Parth M , Levine Dov , Wei Jane W , Binongo Jose N , Leshnower Bradley G , Takayama Hiroo , Chen Edward P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To examine short- and long-term outcomes of patients with moderate-to-severe aortic insufficiency (AI) undergoing either a Bentall aortic root replacement (ARR) or valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR).

METHODS
A two-centre retrospective database of patients undergoing ARR from 2004 to 2021 was reviewed. Patients &lt;18 years old were excluded. A total of 1527 adult patients underwent Bentall ARR (n = 1150, 75%) or VSRR (n = 377, 25%). Propensity score matching based on preoperative comorbidities was used and 195 matched pairs were identified. Perioperative outcomes, reoperation rates, recurrence of AI and long-term survival were evaluated.

RESULTS
ARR patients had more concomitant ascending aortic replacement (35% vs 20%, P = 0.002) and shorter cardiopulmonary bypass (189 vs 233 min, P &lt; 0.0001) and aortic cross-clamp (170 vs 204 min, P &lt; 0.0001) times than the VSRR group. Postoperatively, outcomes were similar between groups, including stroke (3% vs 2%) and in-hospital mortality (1.5% vs 2.1%), all P &gt; 0.05. Indications for and rates of reoperation (4% vs 5%, P = 0.62) of the aortic valve and proximal aorta were similar between ARR and VSRR groups with reoperations occurring a mean of 3.2 years after initial root replacement. The ARR group had less moderate-to-severe AI than the VSRR group (1.6% vs 14%, P = 0.002) a mean of 3 years after surgery. Ten-year survival was similar between ARR (84%) and VSRR (82%) (P = 0.69) groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Both ARR and VSRR can be performed with acceptable short- and long-term outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe AI.
Product appeal, sensory perception and consumer demand
Authors: Roosen Jutta , Neubig Christina M , Staudigel Matthias , Agovi Herdis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Research has highlighted the need for drastic shifts in eating patterns towards healthy and sustainable diets. One element would be the successful introduction of new or reformulated products. This paper discusses the opportunities for studying the role of sensory properties in determining food choices. We illustrate the methodology with the example of mueslis in Germany. We span the sensory space using the check-all-that-apply method and analyse consumer demand in a discrete choice experiment. We identify two sizable segments with a preference for less sweet mueslis. Future research avenues for the combination of economic and sensory studies are discussed.
Multiple environmental factors, but not nutrient addition, directly affect wet grassland soil microbial community structure: a mesocosm study
Authors: Edwards Keith R , Bárta Jiří , Mastný Jiří , Picek Tomáš 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nutrient addition may change soil microbial community structure, but soil microbes must simultaneously contend with other, interacting factors. We studied the effect of soil type (peat, mineral), water level (low, high), and nutrient addition (unfertilized, fertilized) on wet grassland soil microbial community structure in both vegetated and un-vegetated soils after five years of treatment application in a mesocosm, using Illumina sequencing of the bacterial V4 region of the small ribosomal sub-units. Soil type, water level, and plant presence significantly affected the soil microbial structure, both singly and interactively. Nutrient addition did not directly impact microbiome structure, but acted indirectly by increasing plant biomass. The abundance of possible plant growth promoting bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria indicates the importance of bacteria that promote plant growth. Based on our results, a drier and warmer future would result in nutrient-richer conditions and changes to microbial community structure and total microbial biomass and/or abundances, with wet grasslands likely switching from areas acting as C sinks to C sources.
Aquaporin 9 is involved in CRC metastasis through DVL2-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation
Authors: Liu Yiting , Gao Qianling , Feng Xingzhi , Chen Guanxing , Jiang Xuefei , Chen Daici , Yang Zihuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is permeable to water or other small molecules, and plays an important role in various cancers. We previously found that AQP9 was related to the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify the role and regulatory mechanism of AQP9 in CRC metastasis.

Methods
The clinical significance of AQP9 was analysed by using bioinformatics and tissue microarray. Transcriptome sequencing, Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay, Biacore, and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to demonstrate the regulatory mechanism of AQP9 in CRC. The relationship between AQP9 and CRC metastasis was verified in vitro and in vivo by using real-time cell analysis assay, high content screening, and liver metastasis models of nude mice.

Results
We found that AQP9 was highly expressed in metastatic CRC. AQP9 overexpression reduced cell roundness and enhanced cell motility in CRC. We further showed that AQP9 interacted with Dishevelled 2 (DVL2) via the C-terminal SVIM motif, resulting in DVL2 stabilization and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Additionally, we identified the E3 ligase neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-like (NEDD4L) as a modulator regulating the ubiquitination and degradation of AQP9.

Conclusions
Collectively, our study revealed the important role of AQP9 in regulating DVL2 stabilization and Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote CRC metastasis. Targeting the NEDD4L–AQP9–DVL2 axis might have therapeutic usefulness in metastatic CRC treatment.
Reduced health care utilization among young children of immigrants after Donald Trump's election and proposed public charge rule
Authors: Ettinger de Cuba Stephanie , Miller Daniel P , Raifman Julia , Cutts Diana B , Bovell-Ammon Allison , Frank Deborah A , Jones David K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Widespread fear among immigrants from hostile 2016 presidential campaign rhetoric decreased social and health care service enrollment (chilling effect). Health care utilization effects among immigrant families with young children are unknown. We examined whether former President Trump's election had chilling effects on well-child visit (WCV) schedule adherence, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits among children of immigrant vs US-born mothers in 3 US cities. Cross-sectional surveys of children &lt;4 years receiving care in hospitals were linked to 2015–2018 electronic health records. We applied difference-in-difference analysis with a 12-month pre/post-election study period. Trump's election was associated with a 5-percentage-point decrease (−0.05; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.02) in WCV adherence for children of immigrant vs US-born mothers with no difference in hospitalizations or ED visits. Secondary analyses extending the treatment period to a leaked draft of proposed changes to public charge rules also showed significantly decreased WCV adherence among children of immigrant vs US-born mothers. Findings indicate likely missed opportunities for American Academy of Pediatrics–recommended early childhood vaccinations, health and developmental screenings, and family support. Policies and rhetoric promoting immigrant inclusion create a more just and equitable society for all US children.
Communication via Biotremors in the Veiled Chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus): Part II—Social Contexts
Authors: Denny Kathryn L , Huskey Steve , Anderson Christopher V , Smith Michael E 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
This study extends recent research demonstrating that the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) can produce and detect biotremors. Chameleons were paired in various social contexts: dominance (male–male; female–female C. calyptratus); courtship (male–female C. calyptratus); heterospecific (C. calyptratus + C. gracilis); and inter-size class dominance (adult + juvenile C. calyptratus). Simultaneous video and accelerometer recordings were used to monitor their behavior and record a total of 398 biotremors. Chamaeleo calyptratus produced biotremors primarily in conspecific dominance and courtship contexts, accounting for 84.7% of the total biotremors recorded, with biotremor production varying greatly between individuals. Biotremors were elicited by visual contact with another conspecific or heterospecific, and trials in which chameleons exhibited visual displays and aggressive behaviors were more likely to record biotremors. Three classes of biotremor were identified—hoots, mini-hoots, and rumbles, which differed significantly in fundamental frequency, duration, and relative intensity. Biotremor frequency decreased with increasing signal duration, and frequency modulation was evident, especially in hoots. Overall, the data show that C. calyptratus utilizes substrate-borne vibrational communication during conspecific and possibly heterospecific interactions.
Australian community pharmacists’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kanaani Eman , Salahudeen Mohammed S , Curtain Colin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Community pharmacists have played an important role in providing services for their community during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the purpose is to present the attitudes and experiences of Australian pharmacists regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A qualitative semi-structured interview explored community pharmacist experiences during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews was conducted to investigate the experiences of pharmacists.

Key Findings
Interviews were conducted with 15 pharmacists from different regional areas and states of Australia. In the study, five main themes were developed: COVID-19 practice complications; pharmacy practice changes; difficult patient interactions; worsened mental well-being and coping strategies; and career dissatisfaction. Pharmacists stated that an increase in workload, shortage of supplies and frequent COVID-19 management updates increased pressure on their duties. The negative customer interactions during COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected some pharmacists’ mental health and career satisfaction.

Conclusions
Community pharmacists are subject to multiple factors affecting their practice, impairing their mental well-being and triggering them to reconsider their career choice. It is important to provide support to community pharmacists to help improve their well-being and workplace satisfaction.
Error analysis of time-discrete random batch method for interacting particle systems and associated mean-field limits
Authors: Ye Xuda , Zhou Zhennan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The random batch method provides an efficient algorithm for computing statistical properties of a canonical ensemble of interacting particles. In this work, we study the error estimates of the fully discrete random batch method, especially in terms of approximating the invariant distribution. The triangle inequality framework employed in this paper is a convenient approach to estimate the long-time sampling error of the numerical methods. Using the triangle inequality framework, we show that the long-time error of the discrete random batch method is $O(\sqrt {\tau } + e^{-\lambda t})$, where $\tau $ is the time step and $\lambda $ is the convergence rate, which does not depend on the time step $\tau $ or the number of particles $N$. Our results also apply to the McKean–Vlasov process, which is the mean-field limit of the interacting particle system as the number of particles $N\rightarrow \infty $.
Parabolic Frequency for the Mean Curvature Flow
Authors: Baldauf Julius , Ho Pak Tung , Lee Tang-Kai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper defines a parabolic frequency for solutions of the heat equation along homothetically shrinking mean curvature flows (MCFs) and proves its monotonicity along such flows. As a corollary, frequency monotonicity provides a proof of backwards uniqueness. Additionally, for solutions of more general parabolic equations on MCF shrinkers, this paper provides bounds on the derivative of the frequency, which similarly imply backwards uniqueness.
Cloning and functional characterization of a TMC-like channel gene and protein in the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Astacidae)
Authors: Arslan Kaan , Saglam Berk , Beyatli Nazli Coskun , Taskiran Ekim Z , Bastug Turgut , Purali Nuhan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ion channels gated selectively by mechanical stimulus are the key elements of mechanosensation. Several genes have been associated with putative mechanosensitive ion channels or mechanosensitive channel complexes. Transmembrane channel (TMC)-like protein is one of those candidate proteins that have been explored in mammals and several invertebrates. The presence and possible function of TMC related genes has not been investigated yet in crustaceans. In the present work an mRNA coding TMC-like protein was firstly cloned in Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Astacidae) and expressed in HEK293T cells. Three-dimensional structural calculations of the protein predicted a channel. Functional studies, however, indicated that the mechanosensitivity of the transfected HEK293T cells is similar to that in the control cells. It was concluded that a TMC-like protein is present in the crayfish but future studies are necessary to define its function.