bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brazil
Authors: Firpo Sergio , Portella Alysson , Riva Flavio , Úbida Giovanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, different sources of data on job-task content are used to investigate the importance of occupations and the intensity of routine tasks embodied in them to explain changes in employment and earnings in Brazil, in particular their relation to polarization and inequality. It is shown that there is some evidence of polarization in earnings but not with respect to employment, although the patterns resemble more those seen for pro-poor or pro-rich growth. Changes in the earnings structure explain most of the reduction in inequality in the period between 2003 and 2012, while changes in composition dominate the rise in inequality in the period between 2012 and 2019. Both movements are dominated by changes in educational levels and their returns. The impact of changes in routine-task content on inequality varies between both periods, but is, in general, small.
Peru
Authors: Dávalos Jorge , Ballon Paola 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between skill-biased technological change (SBTC) and the inequality improvement observed in Peru during its trade liberalization episode (mid-2000s and 2010s). We use household survey data for the period 2004–18 to describe the evolution of labour force characteristics, their labour market returns, changes in occupational earnings, and the distribution of occupations. We account for workers’ productivity gains that may result from skill-biased technological change, by including occupation-specific routine-task content indices in Shapley and RIF decompositions of alternative inequality indicators. Although we find no evidence of SBTC effects on inequality, an additional investigation suggests that most of the slight improvement in inequality was driven by the commodity boom and its spillover effects through the construction sector.
Perspectives on Women Writers in Print since 1670
Authors: Orr Leah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys critical and historical approaches to women writers from the seventeenth century to the present to show how such histories changed through time. It presents an overview of nearly 700 books by women writers in this time period. Half of these books were fiction, drama, or poetry, and half were something else. This quantitative overview shows a consistent rate of publication, which contradicts common scholarly views of the rise or fall of the woman writer. Finally, it concludes with a case study of the anonymous novel Love in Distress to show that alternative models for understanding authorship can enable scholars to study texts with uncertain or anonymous authors. Alternative authorship is a feminist approach because it emphasizes how women’s writing was represented in print as opposed to the historical record, where women were often overlooked.
Real and Imagined Readers
Authors: Orr Leah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by examining the evidence of readers of women’s writing, including anecdotal evidence from readers’ diaries and letters, the presence of books by women in libraries for sale, and the presence of readers’ marginalia in existing copies of books by women. This evidence shows that both men and women read books by women and primarily selected books based on genre, not the gender of the author. The readers imagined by authors, however, were often more specific than the actual readers, and idealized to be sympathetic or hostile in particular ways. Finally, this chapter concludes with a case study of the French classical translator and scholar Anne Dacier, for whom there is more surviving evidence of contemporary reception in England than for any other woman writer of this period. Dacier was admired by Alexander Pope and other critics, and her omission from English literary history is an example of the more widespread marginalization of early women writers.
Conclusion
Authors: Orr Leah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The conclusion describes a new approach to the history of women writers in England, as both advocated and exemplified in this book. By understanding authorship as encompassing a diversity of roles besides original creation of texts, scholars can see women writers in their work as editors, translators, and adaptors. Women writers and their publishers adapted paratextual models already in use by male writers to suit their own purposes and the texts they were creating and marketing. Readers, too, are important in shaping meaning. This view of alternative authorship and literary history as a form of reception study provides a model for other historical studies of people who have left incomplete archives due to being from marginalized economic and geographic backgrounds or racial and gender identities.
Leviathan and the Mysteries of Evil
Authors: Orlov Andrei A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The fifth chapter, “Leviathan and the Mystery of Evil,” deals with the special role that the revelations about Leviathan play in Abraham’s initiation and transformation in the Apocalypse of Abraham. The chapter demonstrates that Abraham attains the mysteries of Leviathan through his descent and vision, a trend that later became pivotal for later Jewish mystical testimonies. The chapter shows that Abraham’s descent into the mysteries of evil serves as a blueprint for the adept’s emulation of Leviathan in later Jewish mystical accounts. In this praxis of the monster’s imitation, the ontological aspect of how the adept acquires the divine mysteries attains its most profound and paradoxical form. The chapter also explores the significance of the mysteries about Leviathan and Behemoth in the broader Jewish rabbinic and later mystical materials, including the Book of Zohar.
Conscience, Confession, and the Consolidation of Early Public Reform in Strasbourg, 1530–1535
Authors: Scheuers Timothy R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Reformation historians count Strasbourg among the most tolerant Protestant cities of the sixteenth century. Magisterial concern for protecting the freedom of conscience and religion made the city a reputable safe haven for Anabaptists and related dissident groups until the late 1520s. Nevertheless, as the need for consolidating public moral reform grew more urgent, the Reformed preachers’ tolerance for religious dissidents and conscientious objections to governance wore thin. As this chapter illustrates, the early period of reform in Strasbourg witnessed frequent appeals to conscience among the general populace, as religious dissenters, magistrates, and clerics jockeyed for their respective interests—often appealing to conscience as a means to other ends. Indeed, the available documentary traces especially reveal that the Strasbourg reformers struggled—often with great frustration—to clarify the place that civic duty and moral discipline should occupy in an evangelical religion principally committed to Christian freedom of conscience.
Patient-derived bladder cancer organoid model to predict sensitivity and feasibility of tailored precision therapy
Authors: Jiang Ying , Sun Xun , Song Xiaoyun , Li Zhen , Zhang Ping , Zhang Wen , Tang Dongqi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Bladder cancer is a common and highly heterogeneous malignant tumor with a relatively poor prognosis. Thus, personalized treatment strategies for bladder cancer are essential for improving patient outcomes.

Materials and methods
We developed an efficient 3-dimensional in vitro organoid culture system for bladder cancer organoids (BCOs), which maintains the homology with the original patient tumors and the heterogeneity between different individuals. In addition, we constructed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B7H3 and evaluated the antitumor function of CAR-T cells by coculturing them with BCOs.

Results
The BCOs closely resembled the characteristics of human tumors and were used to test individual sensitivity to platinum-based drugs and olaparib therapy. Coculture with CAR-T cells demonstrated specific antigen recognition and immune activation, indicating their potential in immunotherapy.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the potential of BCOs to facilitate the development of personalized medicine for bladder cancer and improve the efficiency of drug discovery for bladder cancer therapy.
Influence of managerial practices, productivity, and change management process on organizational innovation capability of small and medium businesses
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri , Chaudhuri Ranjan , Vrontis Demetris , Galati Antonino 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the influence of managerial practices, productivity and change management process (CMP) on organizational innovation capability of small and medium businesses. This study also investigates the moderating role of technological turbulence (TT) on organization capability.

Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical model was developed based on existing literature and theories. It was then validated using the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique to analyze 327 responses from small and medium businesses. Moderator analysis was conducted to investigate how TT moderates organizational innovation capability.

Findings
This study found that management practices have a significant and positive influence on the innovation capability of small and medium business. The study also found that both CMP and modern technology adoption are crucial toward improving their innovation capability. Finally, the study also demonstrated that TT has a significant impact on organizational innovation capability.

Research limitations/implications
This research study has proposed an effective theoretical model of the relationship between managerial practices and organizational innovation capability. The proposed model is effective in demonstrating to managers and leaders of small and medium businesses the importance of managerial practices, CMP and the adoption of modern technologies on organization innovation capability, which can help to develop new products.

Originality/value
This research is unique, as the proposed model is the first of its kind to establish the relationship between managerial practices of small and medium businesses with organizational innovation capability. No other extensive study has proposed such a model especially for these businesses. Also, the explanative power of the proposed model is 72%, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Transcranial pulse stimulation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Xinxin , You Jiuhong , Ma Hui , Zhou Mei , Huang Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a novel noninvasive ultrasonic brain stimulation that can increase cortical and corticospinal excitability, induce neuroplasticity, and increase functional connectivity within the brain. Several trials have confirmed its potential in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD).ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and safety of TPS on AD.DesignA systematic review.MethodsPubMed, Embase via Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database), and WanFang were searched from inception to April 1, 2023. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the studies were conducted by two reviewers independently, with any controversy resolved by consensus. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsFive studies were included in this review, with a total of 99 patients with AD. For cognitive performance, TPS significantly improved the scores of the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) test battery, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (cognitive), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Mini‐Mental Status Examination. For depressive symptoms, TPS significantly reduced the scores of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (affective), Geriatric Depression Score, and Beck Depression Inventory. By functional magnetic resonance imaging, studies have shown that TPS improved cognitive performance in AD patients by increasing functional connectivity in the hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex, precuneus, and parietal cortex, and activating cortical activity in the bilateral hippocampus. TPS alleviated depressive symptoms in AD patients by decreasing functional connectivity between the ventromedial network (left frontal orbital cortex) and the salience network (right anterior insula). Adverse events in this review, including headache, worsening mood, jaw pain, nausea, and drowsiness, were reversible and lasted no longer than 1 day. No serious adverse events or complications were observed.ConclusionsTPS is promising in improving cognitive performance and reducing depressive symptoms in patients with AD. TPS may be a safe adjunct therapy in the treatment of AD. However, these findings lacked a sham control and were limited by the small sample size of the included studies. Further research may be needed to better explore the potential of TPS.Patient and Public InvolvementPatients and the public were not involved in this study.
Race- and Sex-Specific Factors Associated With Age-Related Slopes in Systolic Blood Pressure: Findings From the CARDIA Study
Authors: Reges Orna , Krefman Amy E. , Hardy Shakia T. , Yano Yuichiro , Muntner Paul , Pool Lindsay R. , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Wang Yaojie , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Allen Norrina B. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Although blood pressure (BP) increases throughout young adulthood for most individuals, the age-related slope is not uniform. This study aimed to assess associations of demographic, clinical, behavioral, psychosocial, and neighborhood characteristics with age-related BP slope among 4 race-sex groups who participated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.

METHODS:
Individuals (n=3554) aged 18 to 30 years were included in this analysis if they had normal BP at baseline and ≥2 BP measurements during the years 1985/1986 to 2015/2016. Associations of exposure variables with systolic BP slope were assessed using multivariate linear models.

RESULTS:

Over a mean follow-up of ~30 years, greater decade increases in systolic BP were estimated among Black than White participants (mean difference between Black females and White females: 3.0 mm Hg/decade; between Black males and White males: 4.7 mm Hg/decade). The exposure risk factors associated with greater increases in systolic BP throughout adulthood varied by race and sex. None of these factors were associated with increases in systolic BP in all race-sex groups. Parent history of high BP was associated with a steeper positive slope among Black females (effect size per decade: 1.1 [95% CI, 0.6–1.6];
P
<0.01), Black males (0.6 [95% CI, 0.02–1.2];
P
<0.05), and White females (0.6 [95% CI, 0.2–1.0];
P
<0.01). Other risk factors were associated with greater age-related yearly increases in systolic BP among 1 or 2 of the 4 race-sex groups or were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
Culturally tailored BP reduction approach should be considered in conjunction with primordial prevention, to moderate increases in BP throughout adulthood.
Triple motif proteins 19 and 38 correlated with treatment responses and HBsAg clearance in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients during peg-IFN-α therapy
Authors: Luo Haiying , Tan Guili , Hu Xiaoxia , Li Yadi , Lei Dingjia , Zeng Yueying , Qin Bo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate whether the expression of triple motif protein 19/38 (TRIM19/38) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers is associated with the response to pegylated interferon alpha (peg-IFN-α) treatment and HBsAg clearance.

Methods
In this prospective study, HBeAg-negative chronic HBV carriers treated with peg-IFN-α completed 48 weeks of follow-up. After treatment with peg-IFN-α, the patients were divided into responders (R group) and nonresponders (NR group) according to the changes in HBV DNA and HBsAg levels at week 48 of treatment. According to whether serum HBsAg loss or seroconversion occurred, the patients were divided into a serological response group (SR group) and a nonserological response group (NSR group). The level of TRIM19/38 mRNA in PBMCs was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The diagnostic performance of TRIM19/38 was analysed by calculating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC).

Results
43 HBeAg-negative chronic HBV carriers, 35 untreated CHB patients and 19 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We found that TRIM19/38 mRNA levels were significantly lower in untreated CHB patients than in healthy controls. In HBeAg-negative chronic HBV carriers who underwent prospective follow-up, TRIM19/38 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with HBV DNA and ALT at baseline. Among the patients treated with peg-IFN-α, 16 patients achieved a treatment response (R group) and 27 patients did not achieve a treatment response (NR group). Compared with baseline, HBsAg levels in the R group decreased significantly at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment; at the early stage of peg-IFN-α treatment, the dynamic changes in TRIM19/38 mRNA levels in the R and NR groups were different, and the TRIM19/38 mRNA levels in the R group were significantly higher than those in the NR group, especially at 24 weeks of treatment. ROC curve analysis showed that the changes in mRNA levels of TRIM19 and TRIM38 predicted the treatment response, with AUCs of 0.694 and 0.757, respectively. Among the patients treated with peg-IFN-α, 11 patients achieved a serological response (SR group) and 32 patients did not achieve a serological response (NSR group). Compared with baseline, HBsAg levels in the SR group decreased significantly at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment; TRIM19/38 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the SR group than in the NSR group at week 24.

Conclusion
The higher level of TRIM19/38 mRNA in PBMCs of HBeAg-negative chronic HBV carriers may be related to the early treatment effect of peg-IFN-α and HBsAg clearance. TRIM19 and TRIM38 have clinical significance in predicting virological response and guiding treatment regimens.
Anorexia nervosa and the COVID-19 pandemic among young people: a scoping review
Authors: Schlissel Anna C. , Richmond Tracy K. , Eliasziw Misha , Leonberg Kristin , Skeer Margie R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The extent to which the recent global COVID-19 Pandemic has impacted young people with restrictive eating disorders [i.e., anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN)] is unclear. We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify how the pandemic has impacted this population and to identify gaps in the current literature to inform future research efforts.

Main body
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, LitCovid, Google Scholar, and relevant agency websites from 2019 to 2022. We included studies that focused on young people with AN/AAN globally. Of the 916 unduplicated articles screened, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 17 unique studies including 4,379 individuals. Three key findings were identified. First, an increase in hospitalizations related to eating disorders was found during COVID-19 among young people with AN and AAN. Multiple studies cited increased medical instability, even though the overall duration of disease was shorter compared to pre-pandemic levels. Second, changes in eating disorder-related symptomology during the pandemic were reported in this population, as well as poorer overall behavioral and mental health. Suggested reasons behind changes included boredom or minimal distraction from pathological thoughts, increased social isolation, increased social media and online use (e.g., reading blogs or watching YouTube), gym and school closures, changes in routines due to lockdowns and quarantines, and worries over gaining the “Quarantine 15”. Third, there was an increase in the use of telemedicine as a treatment modality for the treatment of AN. Challenges were reported by both clinicians and patients regardless of past experience using telemedicine. When compared to no treatment, telemedicine was recognized as the best option during COVID-19 lockdowns; however some individuals expressed the preference for in-person treatment and planned to return to it once it became available.

Conclusion
The pandemic significantly impacted young people with restrictive eating disorders as seen by increased hospitalizations and requests for outpatient care. A primary driver of the changes in eating disorder symptomatology may be lockdowns and quarantines. Further research investigating how the series of lockdowns and re-openings impacted individuals with AN/AAN is warranted.
Polish Humanitarian Aid and Military Assistance to Ukraine Fighting Russia
Authors: Bąk Tomasz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The article describes the aid Poland is providing to Ukraine fighting Russia. Our country has been providing both humanitarian and military assistance since the beginning of Russia’s conflict with Ukraine, i.e. from 24 February 2022 up till now. Poland is a country that is at the forefront of contributing such help. Special attention should be paid to the involvement of Polish society, especially in the first days of the war, where they received Ukrainian refugees in their own homes sharing food and money with them. Military assistance, which has been continuously sent to the Ukrainian army for two years, plays an important role, and our Armed Forces are involved in the training of Ukrainian soldiers. Without international support, Russia’s flag would have already been hoisted on the tallest buildings in Kiev, and someone appointed by Vladimir Putin would have taken the presidential seat in place of Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
Evaluation of cervical cancer screening during pregnancy in India: Human papillomavirus testing can change the paradigm
Authors: SUDHAKARAN SURABHI , BHATLA NEERJA , MATHUR SANDEEP R. , MAHEY REETA , VASHIST SHACHI , NATARAJAN JAYASHREE , KACHHAWA GARIMA , KUMARI RAJESH , TANWAR PRANAY 
Published: July 2023

Background
The World Health Organization’s call for elimination of cervical cancer envisages 70% screening coverage of women aged 35 and 45 years by an effective test. In India, this target seems unrealistic as awareness and access to cancer prevention services are poor. However, the institutional delivery rate is now >80%. We evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and its role in screening during pregnancy.

Methods
This observational study recruited 275 pregnant women aged >25 years between 12 and 34 weeks of gestation for screening by cytology and HPV testing. Colposcopy was advised if either test was positive. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed by a questionnaire.

Results
Cytology and HPV reports were available for 269 subjects. The median age was 28 years and median parity was two. Only 98 (36.4%) had heard about carcinoma cervix. Awareness improved with education (p<0.001). On cytology, only 4 (1.5%) were abnormal (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance 3; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion 1). The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 8.2% (22/269). On colposcopy, all had the Swede score <5. No high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or carcinoma was detected. Pre-procedure, 183 (68.0%) subjects expressed apprehension, post-procedure 114 (42.4%) of them had realized that their apprehensions were unfounded. Women found screening to be more uncomfortable after 28 weeks of gestation (n=26/68; 38.2%; p<0.001). Physicians found the cervix more difficult to visualize after 20 weeks of gestation (p<0.001).

Conclusions
HPV screening at 16–20 weeks of pregnancy is acceptable, feasible, and can greatly improve screening coverage in resource-limited settings. Pregnancy is a good opportunity to improve awareness of the screening programmes.