bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PdRh‐Sensitized Iron Oxide Ultrathin Film Sensors and Mechanistic Investigation by Operando TEM and DFT Calculation
Authors: Zhou Lihao , Li Zishuo , Chang Xiao , Liu Xianghong , Hu Yinhua , Li Ming , Xu Pengcheng , Pinna Nicola , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal oxide semiconductor (MOS) thin films are of critical importance to both fundamental research and practical applications of gas sensors. Herein, a high‐performance H2 sensor based on palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) co‐functionalized Fe2O3 films with an ultrathin thickness of 8.9 nm deposited by using atomic layer deposition is reported. The sensor delivers an exceptional response of 105.9 toward 10 ppm H2 at 230 °C, as well as high selectivity, immunity to humidity, and low detection limit (43 ppb), which are superior to the reported MOS sensors. Importantly, the Fe2O3 film sensor under dynamic H2 detection is for the first time observed by operando transmission electron microscopy, which provides deterministic evidence for structure evolution of MOS during sensing reactions. To further reveal the sensing mechanism, density functional theory calculations are performed to elucidate the sensitization effect of PdRh catalysts. Mechanistic studies suggest that Pd promotes the adsorption and dissociation of H2 to generate PdHx, while Rh promotes the dissociation of oxygen adsorbed on the surface, thereby jointly promoting the redox reactions on the films. A wireless H2 detection system is also successfully demonstrated using the thin film sensors, certifying a great potential of the strategy to practical sensors.
Centimeter‐Sized Single Crystals of Dion‐Jacobson Phase Lead‐Free Double Perovskite for Efficient X‐ray Detection
Authors: Fan Qingshun , Xu Haojie , You Shihai , Ma Yu , Liu Yi , Guo Wuqian , Hu Xinxin , Wang Beibei , Gao Changhao , Liu Wei , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract2D Dion–Jacobson (DJ) phase hybrid perovskites have shown great promise in the photoelectronic field owing to their outstanding optoelectronic performance and superior structural rigidity. However, DJ phase lead‐free double perovskites are still a virgin land with direct X‐ray detection. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a new DJ phase lead‐free layered double perovskite of (HIS)2AgSbBr8 (1, HIS2+ = histammonium). Centimeter‐sized (18 × 10 × 5 mm3) single crystals of 1 are successfully grown via the temperature cooling technique, exhibiting remarkable semiconductive characteristics such as a high resistivity (2.2 × 1011 Ω cm), a low trap state density (3.56 × 1010 cm−3), and a large mobility‐lifetime product (1.72 × 10−3 cm2 V−1). Strikingly, its single‐crystal‐based X‐ray detector shows a high sensitivity of 223 µC Gy−1air cm−2 under 33.3 V mm−1, a low detection limit (84.2 nGyairs−1) and superior anti‐fatigue. As far as we know, we firstly demonstrates the potential of 2D DJ phase lead‐free hybrid double perovskite in X‐ray detection, showing excellent photoelectric response and operational stability. This work will pave a promising pathway to the innovative application of hybrid perovskites for eco‐friendly and efficient X‐ray detection.
Strain‐Regulated Pt–NiO@Ni Sub‐Micron Particles Achieving Bifunctional Electrocatalysis for Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ji Renjie , Zhu Xiaoyang , Li Hongke , Wang Yating , Wang Jingpeng , Wang Fei , Lan Hongbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHighly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have always been the key factors to affect the performance of zinc–air batteries. However, integrating the independent reaction sites of ORR and OER in a catalyst remains a major challenge. Herein, a collaborative strategy based on defect induction and doping is proposed to prepare the strain‐regulated Pt–NiO@Ni sub‐micron particles (Pt–NiO@Ni SP). Benefiting from the synergistic effect of tensile strain and Pt‐doped, the metallic Ni‐based sub‐micron particles with tensile strain as the catalyst carriers can effectively optimize the electronic distribution of atomic structures in Pt and NiO on the surface of particles, leading to reduce the energy barrier of intermediates for ORR and OER. Consequently, the Pt–NiO@Ni SP exhibits outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity with the ΔE index of 0.65 V under a low Pt loading, outperforming that of the benchmark Pt/C+IrO2 catalysts (0.76 V). Impressively, the Pt–NiO@Ni SP‐based liquid zinc–air battery develops a high open‐circuit potential (1.47 V), excellent energy density (188.2 mW cm−2), and favorable cyclic charge–discharge cycling durability (200 h at 20 mA cm−2). This work provides an innovative avenue for the rational construction of highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for practical applications.
Aqueous Zinc–Chlorine Battery Modulated by a MnO2 Redox Adsorbent
Authors: Chen Na , Wang Weiping , Ma Yirui , Chuai Mingyan , Zheng Xinhua , Wang Mingming , Xu Yan , Yuan Yuan , Sun Jifei , Li Ke , Meng Yahan , Shen Chunyue , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc–chlorine battery with high discharge voltage and attractive theoretical energy density is expected to become an important technology for large‐scale energy storage. However, the practical application of Zn–Cl2 batteries has been restricted due to the Cl2 cathode with sluggish kinetics and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). Here, an aqueous Zn–Cl2 battery using an inexpensive and effective MnO2 redox adsorbent (referred to Zn‐Cl2@MnO2 battery) to modulate the electrochemical performance of the Cl2 cathode is developed. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the existence of the intermediate state Clads free radical catalyzed by MnO2 on the Cl2 cathode contributes to the charge storage capacity, which is the key to modulate the electrode and improve the electrochemical performance. Further analysis of the Cl2 cathode kinetics discloses the adsorption and catalytic roles of the MnO2 redox adsorbent. The Zn–Cl2@MnO2 battery displays an enhanced discharge voltage of 2.0 V at a current density of 2.5 mA cm−2, and stable 1000 cycles with an average CE of 91.6%, much superior to the conventional Zn–Cl2 battery with an average CE of only 66.8%. The regulation strategy to the Cl2 cathode provides opportunities for the future development of aqueous Zn‐Cl2 batteries.
Two‐Dimensional MXenes Derived from Medium/High‐Entropy MAX Phases M2GaC (M = Ti/V/Nb/Ta/Mo) and their Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Chen Lu , Li Youbing , Liang Kun , Chen Ke , Li Mian , Du Shiyu , Chai Zhifang , Naguib Michael , Huang Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, MXenes, are prepared by selective etching of the A‐site atomically thin metal layers from their MAX phase precursors. High entropy MXenes, the most recent subfamily of MXenes, are in their infancy and have attracted great interest recently. They are currently synthesized mainly through wet chemical etching of Al‐containing MAX phases, while various MAX phases with A‐sites elements other than Al have not been explored. It is important to embody non‐Al MAX phases as precursors for the high entropy MXenes synthesis to allow for new compositions. In this work, it is reported on the design and synthesis of Ga‐containing medium/high entropy MAX phases and then their corresponding medium/high entropy MXenes. Gallium atomic layer etching is carried out using a Lewis acid molten salt (CuCl2). The as‐prepared (Ti1/4V1/4Nb1/4Ta1/4)2CTx exhibits a Li+ specific capacity of ≈400 mAh g−1. For (Ti1/5V1/5Nb1/5Ta1/5Mo1/5)2CTx a specific capacity of 302 mAh g−1 is achieved after 300 cycles, and high cycling stability is observed at high current densities. This work is of great significance for expanding the family members of MXenes with tunable chemistries and structures.
Single‐Cell Enzymatic Screening for Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition with an Ultrasensitive Superwetting Droplet‐Array Microchip
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Miao Xinxing , Duan Shanzhou , Liu Sidi , Cao Qinghua , Wu Renfei , Tao Chengcheng , Zhao Jian , Qu Qing , Markiewicz Aleksandra , Peng Rui , Chen Yongbing , Żaczek Anna , Liu Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe phenotypic changes of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) during the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been a hot topic in tumor biology and cancer therapeutic development. Here, an integrated platform of single‐cell fluorescent enzymatic assays with superwetting droplet‐array microchips (SDAM) for ultrasensitive functional screening of epithelial–mesenchymal sub‐phenotypes of CTCs is reported. The SDAM can generate high‐density, volume well‐defined droplet (0.66 nL per droplet) arrays isolating single tumor cells via a discontinuous dewetting effect. It enables sensitive detection of MMP9 enzyme activities secreted by single tumor cells, correlating to their epithelial–mesenchymal sub‐phenotypes. In the pilot clinical double‐blind tests, the authors have demonstrated that SDAM assays allow for rapid identification and functional screening of CTCs with different epithelial–mesenchymal properties. The consistency with the clinical outcomes validates the usefulness of single‐cell secreted MMP9 as a biomarker for selective CTC screening and tumor metastasis monitoring. Convenient addressing and recovery of individual CTCs from SDAM have been demonstrated for gene mutation sequencing, immunostaining, and transcriptome analysis, revealing new understandings of the signaling pathways between MMP9 secretion and the EMT regulation of CTCs. The SDAM approach combined with sequencing technologies promises to explore the dynamic EMT plasticity of tumors at the single‐cell level.
De Novo Evolution of an Antibody‐Mimicking Multivalent Aptamer via a DNA Framework
Authors: Tang Linlin , Huang Mengjiao , Zhang Mingjiao , Pei Yufeng , Liu Yan , Wei Yong , Yang Chaoyong , Xie Teng , Zhang Dong , Zhou Ruhong , Song Yanling , Song Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultivalent interactions can often endow ligands with more efficient binding performance toward target molecules. Generally speaking, a multivalent aptamer can be constructed via post‐assembly based on chemical structural information of target molecules and pre‐identified monovalent aptamers derived from traditional systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. However, many target molecules may not have known matched aptamer partners, thus a de novo evolution will be highly desired as an alternative strategy for directed selection of a high‐avidity, multivalent aptamer. Here, inspired by the superiority of multivalent interactions between antibodies and antigens, a direct SELEX strategy with a preorganized DNA framework library for an “Antibody‐mimicking multivalent aptamer” (Amap) selection to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a model target protein is reported. The Amap presents a relatively good binding affinity through both aptamer moieties concurrently binding to EpCAM, which has been confirmed by affinity analysis and molecular modeling. Furthermore, dynamic interactions between Amap and EpCAM are directly visualized by magnetic tweezers at the single‐molecule level. A nice binding affinity of Amap to EpCAM‐positive cancer cells has also been verified, which hints that their Amap‐SELEX strategy has the potential to be a new route for de novo evolution of multivalent aptamers.
Performance evaluation and design of B‐128 modified Blowfish algorithm
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Kumar Dilip 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe field of information security has many uses in the modern day and beyond. Encryption is a method used to secure information from unauthorized access. Since symmetric key algorithms can decrypt data much more quickly than asymmetric key algorithms, the former are more popular. Blowfish is an unpatented, freely useable, compact, quick, and efficient symmetric key encryption technique. Additionally, this method has a high level of security. The size of its blocks (64 bits) is limiting its use, though. The paper aims to propose a modified version of the Blowfish algorithm that performs high‐speed encryption with high throughput and supports 128‐bit block size, enhancing its applicability in various areas. The algorithm can be an alternative to the AES algorithm with limited power consumption. The proposed algorithm is compared with the original Blowfish algorithm based on execution speed, throughput, and the avalanche effect. The algorithm's performance is also evaluated on images based on diffusion properties, image histogram, entropy, and correlation coefficient.
Cell‐free RNA for the liquid biopsy of gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Xing Shaozhen , Zhu Yumin , You Yaxian , Wang Siqi , Wang Hongke , Ning Meng , Jin Heyue , Liu Zhengxia , Zhang Xinhua , Yu Chunzhao , Lu Zhi John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) cancer includes many cancer types, such as esophageal, liver, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer. As the cornerstone of personalized medicine for GI cancer, liquid biopsy based on noninvasive biomarkers provides promising opportunities for early diagnosis and dynamic treatment management. Recently, a growing number of studies have demonstrated the potential of cell‐free RNA (cfRNA) as a new type of noninvasive biomarker in body fluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine. Meanwhile, transcriptomes based on high‐throughput RNA detection technologies keep discovering new cfRNA biomarkers. In this review, we introduce the origins and applications of cfRNA, describe its detection and qualification methods in liquid biopsy, and summarize a comprehensive list of cfRNA biomarkers in different GI cancer types. Moreover, we also discuss perspective studies of cfRNA to overcome its current limitations in clinical applications.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Non-invertible symmetries in supergravity
Authors: García-Valdecasas Eduardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Non-invertible symmetries have been extensively studied in quantum field theories in recent years. In this note we initiate their study in supergravity. We find infinite families of non-invertible defects in 11d and 10d Type II supergravities. These operators display a rich action on different probe branes. We comment on how these symmetries are removed in the UV completion, M-theory and Type II String Theory and how their existence strengthens the link between the absence of global symmetries in Quantum Gravity and the Completeness Hypothesis.
On professional skill in the age of digital technology
Authors: Sandblad Anders 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article is about professional skill and what happens when work is instrumented with technology. The purpose is to contribute to the understanding of the professional skill, its role and development in an increasingly digitalized working life. The article also argues that more research is needed to understand what is at stake in terms of professional skill in the age of digital technology. The research on which the article is based shows that people adapt their way of thinking and perceiving reality to the technology they use. This means that people are gradually becoming more and more like machines. There is an ongoing intellectual inner mechanization, which can be contrasted with the outer mechanization of human muscle power that the industrial revolution entailed. The intellectually mechanized man observes and describes reality in the terms of technology and loses the ability to discern nuances and make qualified judgments gradually. The concepts of Turing’s man and functional autism capture these phenomena. Tacit engagement is a concept that captures the tacit knowledge that can only be expressed when people share physical space. The concept draws attention to the importance of the physical space and the body and what is at stake in terms of interpersonal knowledge in the wake of digital communication technology. It is not machines with supposedly human abilities and characteristics that we need to pay attention to when working life becomes increasingly digitalized, but people who gradually become like machines. What is required to safeguard the knowledge that is unique to man is bildung, i.e., to see the limits of the technology and the abstract theoretical models one uses. Art, classical literature, and drama, with their more plastic language, can reach areas where mathematics and natural science cannot reach.
Next generation risk assessment of human exposure to estrogens using safe comparator compound values based on in vitro bioactivity assays
Authors: van Tongeren Tessa C. A. , Wang Si , Carmichael Paul L. , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Li Hequn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn next generation risk assessment (NGRA), the Dietary Comparator Ratio (DCR) can be used to assess the safety of chemical exposures to humans in a 3R compliant approach. The DCR compares the Exposure Activity Ratio (EAR) for exposure to a compound of interest (EARtest) to the EAR for an established safe exposure level to a comparator compound (EARcomparator), acting by the same mode of action. It can be concluded that the exposure to a test compound is safe at a corresponding DCR ≤ 1. In this study, genistein (GEN) was selected as a comparator compound by comparison of reported safe internal exposures to GEN to its BMCL05, as no effect level, the latter determined in the in vitro estrogenic MCF7/Bos proliferation, T47D ER-CALUX, and U2OS ERα-CALUX assay. The EARcomparator was defined using the BMCL05 and EC50 values from the 3 in vitro assays and subsequently used to calculate the DCRs for exposures to 14 test compounds, predicting the (absence of) estrogenicity. The predictions were evaluated by comparison to reported in vivo estrogenicity in humans for these exposures. The results obtained support in the DCR approach as an important animal-free new approach methodology (NAM) in NGRA and show how in vitro assays can be used to define DCR values.
EANM enabling guide: how to improve the accessibility of clinical dosimetry
Authors: Gear Jonathan , Stokke Caroline , Terwinghe Christelle , Gnesin Silvano , Sandström Mattias , Tran-Gia Johannes , Cremonesi Marta , Cicone Francesco , Verburg Fredrik , Hustinx Roland , Giovanella Luca , Herrmann Ken , Gabiña Pablo Minguez 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDosimetry can be a useful tool for personalization of molecular radiotherapy (MRT) procedures, enabling the continuous development of theranostic concepts. However, the additional resource requirements are often seen as a barrier to implementation. This guide discusses the requirements for dosimetry and demonstrates how a dosimetry regimen can be tailored to the available facilities of a centre. The aim is to help centres wishing to initiate a dosimetry service but may not have the experience or resources of some of the more established therapy and dosimetry centres. The multidisciplinary approach and different personnel requirements are discussed and key equipment reviewed example protocols demonstrating these factors are given in the supplementary material for the main therapies carried out in nuclear medicine, including [131I]-NaI for benign thyroid disorders, [177Lu]-DOTATATE and131I-mIBG for neuroendocrine tumours and [90Y]-microspheres for unresectable hepatic carcinoma.
Ultrasonographic features associated with previous torsion and the impact of surgery in managing neonatal ovarian cysts: a 20-year single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Tyraskis Athanasios , Davidson Joseph , Billington Jennifer , Blackburn Simon , Curry Joseph , Mullassery Dhanya , Giuliani Stefano , Eaton Simon , Cross Kate , De Coppi Paolo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To identify markers of previous ovarian torsion and outline the outcomes according to US appearance and operative management.

Methods
A retrospective single-centre review of neonatal ovarian cysts from January 2000 to January 2020. Data on postnatal cyst size and sonographic features and operative treatment were co-related with outcomes of ovarian loss and histology.

Results
77 females were included with 22 simple and 56 complex cysts, one patient had bilateral cysts. 9/22 (41%) simple cysts regressed spontaneously in a median of 13 weeks (8–17). Complex cysts regressed spontaneously less frequently, 7/56(12%, P = 0.01), in 13 weeks (7–39). 38/56 (68%) complex and 12/22 (55%) simple cysts were treated operatively. 21/22 (95%) ovaries with initially simple cyst were salvaged compared to 20/56(36%) with initially complex cyst (P < 0.001). A fluid-debris level in 23/26 complex cysts was most associated with ovarian loss (P = 0.0006). Presence of viable ovarian stromal tissue was seen in 8/20 (40%) excised specimens during ovarian sparing procedures and in 5/30 (17%) oophorectomies for necrotic appearing ovaries.

Conclusions
Fluid-debris level on US is significantly associated with ovarian loss likely due to previous torsion. Simple cysts are viable and often regress spontaneously. The finding of viable ovarian stromal tissue in resected specimens supports attempting ovarian preservation wherever possible.
Can robots be trustworthy?
Authors: Schröder Ines , Müller Oliver , Scholl Helena , Levy-Tzedek Shelly , Kellmeyer Philipp 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Definition of the problem
This article critically addresses the conceptualization of trust in the ethical discussion on artificial intelligence (AI) in the specific context of social robots in care. First, we attempt to define in which respect we can speak of ‘social’ robots and how their ‘social affordances’ affect the human propensity to trust in human–robot interaction. Against this background, we examine the use of the concept of ‘trust’ and ‘trustworthiness’ with respect to the guidelines and recommendations of the High-Level Expert Group on AI of the European Union.

Arguments
Trust is analyzed as a multidimensional concept and phenomenon that must be primarily understood as departing from trusting as a human functioning and capability. To trust is an essential part of the human basic capability to form relations with others. We further want to discuss the concept of responsivity which has been established in phenomenological research as a foundational structure of the relation between the self and the other. We argue that trust and trusting as a capability is fundamentally responsive and needs responsive others to be realized. An understanding of responsivity is thus crucial to conceptualize trusting in the ethical framework of human flourishing. We apply a phenomenological–anthropological analysis to explore the link between certain qualities of social robots that construct responsiveness and thereby simulate responsivity and the human propensity to trust.

Conclusion
Against this background, we want to critically ask whether the concept of trustworthiness in social human–robot interaction could be misguided because of the limited ethical demands that the constructed responsiveness of social robots is able to answer to.