bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Just War Thinking and Military Education
Authors: Peperkamp Lonneke , Braun Christian Nikolaus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBoth traditional just war theory and military virtue ethics have an important place in most military curricula. The revisionist approach, however, has struggled to gain traction in the curricula of military academies. This chapter analyses how the practical applicability of revisionist just war thinking indeed is limited, but argues that revisionist just war thinking can play an indirect role at military academies. The benefit of revisionism ties into the German and Dutch leadership concepts ofInnere Führungand the “thinking soldier.” Yet, the shortcomings of revisionism underline the benefits of traditional just war theory, as well as the importance of virtue ethics in military education, showing that the moral competence of military leaders must reflect not only a cognitive but also a motivational dimension.
Best Practice Considerations for Arts Educators When Developing Intensive Online Courses for Creative Industries Higher Education Students
Authors: Phillips Michelle , Podgorski Ava 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe 2-year StART Entrepreneurship Project (StART) aims to support creative industries students to develop skills and utilise real-world experience to build successful and sustainable careers. UK-based and funded by the Office for Students and Research England, StART is a collaboration between the Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM), the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama (RCSSD) and University of the Arts London (UAL). The project involves the development of new in-curricular and extracurricular content and events, tailored specifically for students studying for higher education degrees in these and other specialist creative arts institutions.This chapter explores one specific way of delivering entrepreneurship education to students, an intense period of contact time often referred to as a ‘boot camp’. The chapter outlines the planning stage of this event, including how existing research on entrepreneurial learning might be mapped onto the boot camp format and how aspects of the QAA (Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Education: Guidance for UK education providers, Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, Gloucester, 2018) guidance was to be integrated. The chapter will also detail how existing frameworks such as EntreComp (McCallum et al., Joint Research Centre Entrepreneurship and the creative economy (3):400–414, 2018) and the CLEAR IDEAS model (Birdi, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 30(3):400–414, 2021) informed design and delivery and how input from external industry partners and students themselves (both event participants and members of the StART Student Advisory Board) was a key part of the planning.
Educating Entrepreneurship through Design
Authors: Coelen Jeroen , Smulders Frido E. H. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe early stage of new venture creation is highly undetermined, is high in uncertainty and requires action to progress. These characteristics overlap with the definition of what makes a problematic situation a design problem. In order to improve education for students to deal with this type of problem, this chapter builds on the paradigm of ‘through’ education and the new venture creation approach. It proposes a new paradigm, ‘entrepreneurship education through design’ with a strong focus dealing with design problems via designerly behaviour. This chapter highlights the design theoretical basis of this paradigm and shows how the course setup can contribute for students to display designerly behaviour, reduce uncertainty and ultimately successfully incubate new ventures.
Gender Team Diversity in Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Schultz Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study explores the impact of the student team’s gender diversity on different performance outcomes in a business plan course with active teaching elements. Although the team’s gender diversity is oftentimes neglected in entrepreneurship education research, the empirical analysis shows that significant performance differences depending on a gender-specific composition exist. In general, mixed-gender teams perform better than men’s teams, which receive, on average, worse grades for their business plan. Additionally, mixed teams perform comparatively better in attracting interest for their business idea as measured by views on an online idea platform. To enhance group performance, practitioners shall pay more attention to team composition in an educational setting and actively promote mixed-gender teams.
“If You Want to Work Fast, Go Alone. If You Want to Go Far, Go Together: A Case for Shifting Entrepreneurship Education Towards Team-Based Trainings”
Authors: Zimmer Theresa U. , Bajwa Nida ul Habib 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBuilding up entrepreneurial ecosystems has become vitally important for higher education institutions across the world. Be it to tackle high numbers of unemployment amongst the youth, to drive innovation or leverage upon the strengths of particular individuals, it is key for a long-term transformation of societies to build support structures that would enable entrepreneurial thinking and acting to flourish. Therefore, nowadays, it is rare to find higher education institutions across the world that do not offer some sort of entrepreneurship education program. Be it in the form of elective or mandatory courses, short courses on individual topics at incubators, or specialized degree programs, such programs have become an integral part of higher education institutions’ strategy to equip their students with the transversal skill of entrepreneurship that is deemed relevant for all students, irrespective of their professional background. Especially entrepreneurship education approaches have gained a lot of interest from researchers, as with an increasing number of programs there is a need for systematically understanding the pros and cons of different approaches. Apart from the plethora of approaches, starting a business is not a straightforward project. Much more often it is a long-term process with many twists and uncertainties that need to be tackled. Aspiring entrepreneurs face different challenges that are related to different developmental stages of their business ideas. Therefore, entrepreneurship education also needs to address the students’ needs that arise in these different stages.
Entrepreneurial Competencies in Student Companies at School: Development of a Research Instrument
Authors: Brahm Taiga , Grewe Ute 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEntrepreneurial competencies are increasingly relevant and thus fostered in schools and universities, for instance, in the form of student companies. However, there are hardly any theoretically and empirically founded research instruments to assess students’ competence development. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop and validate a newly designed questionnaire that captures entrepreneurial competencies in three different domains: on the economic, team, and individual levels. The instrument was tested in a pilot test with 163 students and in a main study with 226 students in secondary education. Overall, reliability and the assumed factor structure could be confirmed. The questionnaire can be used in schools and universities for the purpose of quality development and competence assessment in entrepreneurship education.
On quantum information before the Page time
Authors: Kudler-Flam Jonah , Kusuki Yuya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
While recent progress in the black hole information problem has shown that the entropy of Hawking radiation follows a unitary Page curve, the quantum state of Hawking radiation prior the Page time is still treated as purely thermal, containing no information about the microstructure of the black hole. We demonstrate that there is significant quantum information regarding the quantum state of the black hole in the Hawking radiation prior to the Page time. By computing of the quantum fidelity in a 2D boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) model of black hole evaporation, we demonstrate that an observer outside of an evaporating black hole may distinguish different black holes via measurements of the Hawking radiation at any time during the evaporation process, albeit with an exponentially large number of measurements. Furthermore, our results are universal, applicable to general BCFTs including those with large central charge and rational BCFTs. The techniques we develop for computing the fidelity are more generally applicable to excited states in CFT. As such, we are able to characterize more general aspects of thermalization in 2D conformal field theory.
Fermionic CFTs from classical codes over finite fields
Authors: Kawabata Kohki , Yahagi Shinichiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We construct a class of chiral fermionic CFTs from classical codes over finite fields whose order is a prime number. We exploit the relationship between classical codes and Euclidean lattices to provide the Neveu–Schwarz sector of fermionic CFTs. On the other hand, we construct the Ramond sector using the shadow theory of classical codes and Euclidean lattices. We give various examples of chiral fermionic CFTs through our construction. We also explore supersymmetric CFTs in terms of classical codes by requiring the resulting fermionic CFTs to satisfy some necessary conditions for supersymmetry.
Invariance Property for Extended Means
Authors: Pasteczka Paweł 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the properties of the mean-type mappings $$\textbf{M}:I^p \rightarrow I^p$$

M
:

I
p

→

I
p

of the form $$\begin{aligned} \textbf{M}(x_1,\dots ,x_p):=\big (M_1(x_{\alpha _{1,1}},\dots ,x_{\alpha _{1,d_1}}), \dots ,M_p(x_{\alpha _{p,1}},\dots ,x_{\alpha _{p,d_p}})\big ), \end{aligned}$$

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where p and $$d_i$$

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is a $$d_i$$

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-variable mean on an interval $$I \subset {\mathbb {R}}$$

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, and $$\alpha _{i,j}$$

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. We show that, under some natural assumption on $$M_i$$

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-s, the problem of existing the unique $$\textbf{M}$$
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and edges $$\{(\alpha _{i,j},i) :i,j \text { admissible}\}$$

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Engineered allele substitution at PPARGC1A rs8192678 alters human white adipocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, and PGC-1α content and turnover
Authors: Huang Mi , Claussnitzer Melina , Saadat Alham , Coral Daniel E. , Kalamajski Sebastian , Franks Paul W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
PPARGC1A encodes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), a central regulator of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. A common polymorphism in PPARGC1A (rs8192678, C/T, Gly482Ser) has been associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders, but no published functional studies have investigated direct allele-specific effects in adipocyte biology. We examined whether rs8192678 is a causal variant and reveal its biological function in human white adipose cells.

Methods
We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to perform an allelic switch (C-to-T or T-to-C) at rs8192678 in an isogenic human pre-adipocyte white adipose tissue (hWAs) cell line. Allele-edited single-cell clones were expanded and screened to obtain homozygous T/T (Ser482Ser), C/C (Gly482Gly) and heterozygous C/T (Gly482Ser) isogenic cell populations, followed by functional studies of the allele-dependent effects on white adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial function.

Results
After differentiation, the C/C adipocytes were visibly less BODIPY-positive than T/T and C/T adipocytes, and had significantly lower triacylglycerol content. The C allele presented a dose-dependent lowering effect on lipogenesis, as well as lower expression of genes critical for adipogenesis, lipid catabolism, lipogenesis and lipolysis. Moreover, C/C adipocytes had decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at basal and maximal respiration, and lower ATP-linked OCR. We determined that these effects were a consequence of a C-allele-driven dysregulation of PGC-1α protein content, turnover rate and transcriptional coactivator activity.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our data show allele-specific causal effects of the rs8192678 variant on adipogenic differentiation. The C allele confers lower levels of PPARGC1A mRNA and PGC-1α protein, as well as disrupted dynamics of PGC-1α turnover and activity, with downstream effects on cellular differentiation and mitochondrial function. Our study provides the first experimentally deduced insights on the effects of rs8192678 on adipocyte phenotype.

Graphical Abstract
The use of single-timepoint images to link administered radioiodine activity (MBq) to a prescribed lesion radiation-absorbed dose (cGy): a regression-based prediction interval tool for the management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Mauguen Audrey , Grewal Ravinder K. , Augensen Finn , Abusamra Murad , Mahajan Sonia , Jayaprakasam Vetri Sudar , Osborne Joseph , Haque Sofia , Wong Bernadette Z. Y. , Ghossein Ronald A. , Fagin James , Schӧder Heiko , Tuttle R. Michael , Ho Alan , Humm John L. , Larson Steven M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To introduce a biomarker-based dosimetry method for the rational selection of a treatment activity for patients undergoing radioactive iodine 131I therapy (RAI) for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (mDTC) based on single-timepoint imaging of individual lesion uptake by 124I PET.

Methods
Patients referred for RAI therapy of mDTC were enrolled in institutionally approved protocols. A total of 208 mDTC lesions (in 21 patients) with SUVmax > 1 underwent quantitative PET scans at 24, 48, 72, and 120 h post-administration of 222 MBq of theranostic NaI-124I to determine the individual lesion radiation-absorbed dose. Using a general estimating equation, a prediction curve for biomarker development was generated in the form of a best-fit regression line and 95% prediction interval, correlating individual predicted lesion radiation dose metrics, with candidate biomarkers (“predictors”) such as SUVmax and activity in microcurie per gram, from a single imaging timepoint.

Results
In the 169 lesions (in 15 patients) that received 131I therapy, individual lesion cGy varied over 3 logs with a median of 22,000 cGy, confirming wide heterogeneity of lesion radiation dose. Initial findings from the prediction curve on all 208 lesions confirmed that a 48-h SUVmax was the best predictor of lesion radiation dose and permitted calculation of the 131I activity required to achieve a lesional threshold radiation dose (2000 cGy) within defined confidence intervals.

Conclusions
Based on MIRD lesion-absorbed dose estimates and regression statistics, we report on the feasibility of a new single-timepoint 124I-PET-based dosimetry biomarker for RAI in patients with mDTC. The approach provides clinicians with a tool to select personalized (precision) therapeutic administration of radioactivity (MBq) to achieve a desired target lesion-absorbed dose (cGy) for selected index lesions based on a single 48-h measurement 124I-PET image, provided the selected activity does not exceed the maximum tolerated activity (MTA) of < 2 Gy to blood, as is standard of care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Trial registration
NCT04462471, Registered July 8, 2020.
NCT03647358, Registered Aug 27, 2018.
Evaluation of Dual Dye Technique for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer: Two‐Arm Open‐Label Parallel Design Non‐Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Suhani  , Kumar Utkarsh , Seenu V. , Sodhi Jitendar , Joshi Mohit , Bhattacharjee H. K. , Khan M. A. , Mathur Sandeep , Kumar Rakesh , Parshad Rajinder 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionRadioisotope and blue dye are standard agents for performing sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer. The paucity of nuclear medicine facility poses logistic challenge. This study evaluated performance of radioisotope & methylene blue (MB) with indocyanine green (ICG) and MB for SLNB.
Patients and MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2019 to July 2022 comparing SLN identification proportions of radioisotope‐blue dye [Group A] with dual dye (MB + ICG; Group B]. Secondary objective included time required and cost effectiveness of performing SLNB. Sample size of 70 (35 in each arm) was calculated. Upfront operable node negative early breast cancer was included in the study. Clinico‐demographic data, number & type of SLN, time taken were noted. Cost analysis was done including the equipment, manpower & consumables. Chi‐square/Fisher exact test was used to compare proportion between two groups. p value of less than 0.05 was considered to represent statistical significance.ResultsSeventy patients randomized to either group were similar in clinico‐demographic and tumor characteristics. SLN identification rate (IR) was 91.43% in group A and 100% in group B. Overall IR of MB, radioisotope and ICG were 91.43%, 91.43% and 100%, respectively. Mean number of SLNs identified were 3 in group A and 4 in group B. Median time required for SLNB was 12 min and 14 min in either group, respectively. Cost of performing SLNB was higher in Group B.ConclusionSLNB using dual dye is non‐inferior to radioisotope‐blue dye in upfront operable early breast cancer.Trial registration number Clinical Trial registry India CTRI/2020/02/023503.
Performance and clinical applicability of machine learning in liver computed tomography imaging: a systematic review
Authors: Radiya Keyur , Joakimsen Henrik Lykke , Mikalsen Karl Øyvind , Aahlin Eirik Kjus , Lindsetmo Rolv-Ole , Mortensen Kim Erlend 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesMachine learning (ML) for medical imaging is emerging for several organs and image modalities. Our objectives were to provide clinicians with an overview of this field by answering the following questions: (1) How is ML applied in liver computed tomography (CT) imaging? (2) How well do ML systems perform in liver CT imaging? (3) What are the clinical applications of ML in liver CT imaging?MethodsA systematic review was carried out according to the guidelines from the PRISMA-P statement. The search string focused on studies containing content relating to artificial intelligence, liver, and computed tomography.ResultsOne hundred ninety-one studies were included in the study. ML was applied to CT liver imaging by image analysis without clinicians’ intervention in majority of studies while in newer studies the fusion of ML method with clinical intervention have been identified. Several were documented to perform very accurately on reliable but small data. Most models identified were deep learning-based, mainly using convolutional neural networks. Potentially many clinical applications of ML to CT liver imaging have been identified through our review including liver and its lesion segmentation and classification, segmentation of vascular structure inside the liver, fibrosis and cirrhosis staging, metastasis prediction, and evaluation of chemotherapy.ConclusionSeveral studies attempted to provide transparent result of the model. To make the model convenient for a clinical application, prospective clinical validation studies are in urgent call. Computer scientists and engineers should seek to cooperate with health professionals to ensure this.Key Points•ML shows great potential for CT liver image tasks such as pixel-wise segmentation and classification of liver and liver lesions, fibrosis staging, metastasis prediction, and retrieval of relevant liver lesions from similar cases of other patients.•Despite presenting the result is not standardized, many studies have attempted to provide transparent results to interpret the machine learning method performance in the literature.•Prospective studies are in urgent call for clinical validation of ML method, preferably carried out by cooperation between clinicians and computer scientists.
Delayed post gadolinium MRI descriptors for Meniere’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Connor Steve , Grzeda Mariusz T. , Jamshidi Babak , Ourselin Sebastien , Hajnal Joseph V. , Pai Irumee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Delayed post-gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects changes of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) within the inner ear in Meniere’s disease (MD). A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to summarise the diagnostic performance of MRI descriptors across the range of MD clinical classifications.

Materials and methods
Case-controlled studies documenting the diagnostic performance of MRI descriptors in distinguishing MD ears from asymptomatic ears or ears with other audio-vestibular conditions were identified (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus databases: updated 17/2/2022). Methodological quality was evaluated with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2. Results were pooled using a bivariate random-effects model for evaluation of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Meta-regression evaluated sources of heterogeneity, and subgroup analysis for individual clinical classifications was performed.

Results
The meta-analysis included 66 unique studies and 3073 ears with MD (mean age 40.2–67.2 years), evaluating 11 MRI descriptors. The combination of increased perilymphatic enhancement (PLE) and EH (3 studies, 122 MD ears) achieved the highest sensitivity (87% (95% CI: 79.92%)) whilst maintaining high specificity (91% (95% CI: 85.95%)). The diagnostic performance of “high grade cochlear EH” and “any EH” descriptors did not significantly differ between monosymptomatic cochlear MD and the latest reference standard for definite MD (p = 0.3; p = 0.09). Potential sources of bias were case-controlled design, unblinded observers and variable reference standard, whilst differing MRI techniques introduced heterogeneity.

Conclusions
The combination of increased PLE and EH optimised sensitivity and specificity for MD, whilst some MRI descriptors also performed well in diagnosing monosymptomatic cochlear MD.

Key Points
• A meta-analysis of delayed post-gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease is reported for the first time and comprised 66 studies (3073 ears).
• Increased enhancement of the perilymphatic space of the inner ear is shown to be a key MRI feature for the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease.
• MRI diagnosis of Meniere’s disease can be usefully applied across a range of clinical classifications including patients with cochlear symptoms alone.