bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing lithological, weathering, and hydrothermal alteration influences on volcanic rock properties via spectroscopy and laboratory testing: a case study of Mount Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand
Authors: Schaefer Lauren N. , Kereszturi Gabor , Kennedy Ben M. , Villeneuve Marlène 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe geomechanical characterization of volcanic material has important implications for geothermal and mineral exploration, engineering design, geophysical signals of volcano unrest, and models of instability and mass flows. Chemical weathering and hydrothermal systems can alter the host rock, leading to changes in mechanical behavior and failure mode. Here, we compare the physical and mechanical properties of lava, autoclastic breccia, and pyroclastic (scoria) rocks from Mount Ruapehu volcano (Ruapehu) in New Zealand to mineralogical composition determined via infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). We use correlation matrices, principal component analysis, and parametric analysis to determine which parameters can be used to predict physical and mechanical properties and form the basis for transfer functions. Laboratory-based spectroscopy shows that the samples contain absorption features indicative of Al- and Mg-rich hydrous phyllosilicates (e.g., kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite), Fe- oxides (e.g., goethite), and sulfates attributed to surface weathering, supergene, and steam-heated alteration. We find that porosity and primary lithology are the predominant control on physical and mechanical properties, followed by the pervasiveness of weathering/alteration, and then mineralogical composition. Several properties, such as porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, P-wave seismic velocity, density, and Young’s modulus, show strong correlations with other properties, indicating the potential for transfer functions between these properties. Hydrothermally altered rocks near the vent complex (up to ~ 400 m depth beneath the crater lake) with high-intensity hydrothermal alteration do not follow typical physical and mechanical property trends due to high clay content, low permeability, and low strength. The presence of these rocks within the edifice at Ruapehu implies local barriers to fluid flow and subsequent pore pressure variations. Additionally, they may have less than half the strength than would be dictated by typical porosity-strength trends for surface rocks, increasing the likelihood of structural failure. Trends in the pervasiveness of weathering with physical and mechanical properties, along with shifts in the position of spectral absorption peaks as hydrothermal/weathering alteration increases, suggest that it may be possible to extrapolate properties from imaging spectroscopy.
A cohort follow-up study for diabetic retinopathy screening incidence in the North Denmark Region
Authors: Nissen Tobias P H , Vestergaard Peter , Vorum Henrik , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Aasbjerg Kristian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aims
To evaluate diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening incidence in a universal healthcare system.

Methods
Registry-based cohort study based on a Danish regional population from 2009 to 2018. Individuals with diabetes were identified by medication. Screening attendance was estimated by surrogate measures using local and nationwide databases reported by cumulative incidence.

Results
18,832 patients were included. By the end of the first year, the cumulative incidence of screening for DR was 60.2% and by the end of the second year 74.2%. The cumulative incidence was 93.9% overall, 97.7% for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 93.4% for patients with type 2 diabetes. Screening proportions per 1, 2 and 5 years were calculated. Females, patients with T1D, and patients attending screening at hospitals had a higher Hazard Ratio of 1.084, 1.157, and 1.573, respectively. The Cochran–Armitage trend test indicated increased screening frequency from 2009 to 2018. Validation of DR screening was done at hospitals with a mean positive predictive value of 86.78%. Cumulative incidence curves showed a small right shift when censoring the first, second and third screening visits.

Conclusions
Nearly all patients were screened for DR over a 5-year timespan. Female patients with T1D who attended screening at hospitals were significantly more likely to be screened. Validation of screening visits at hospitals was reported with a high mean positive predictive value. Most other studies, to the best of our knowledge, only report screening attendance for patients already enrolled in a DR screening programme. This study describes the overall screening attendance for the total eligible diabetes population.
Access to device-aided therapies in advanced Parkinson’s disease: navigating clinician biases, patient preference, and prognostic uncertainty
Authors: Auffret Manon , Weiss Daniel , Stocchi Fabrizio , Vérin Marc , Jost Wolfgang H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDevice-aided therapies (DAT), which include deep brain stimulation and pump-based continuous dopaminergic stimulation with either levodopa or apomorphine, are among the major advances in the clinical management of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although DAT are being increasingly offered earlier in the disease course, their classical indication remains advanced PD. Theoretically, every patient should be offered transition to DAT when faced with refractory motor and nonmotor fluctuations and functional decline. Worldwide clinical reality is far from these ideal, and, therefore, question the “real-world” equal opportunity of access to DAT for PD patients with advanced PD—even within a single health care system. Differences in access to care, referral pattern (timing and frequency), as well as physician biases (unconscious/implicit or conscious/explicit bias), and patients’ preferences or health-seeking behaviour are to be considered. Compared to DBS, little information is available concerning infusion therapies, as well as neurologists’ and patients’ attitudes towards them. This viewpoint aims to be thought-provoking and to assist clinicians in moving through the process of DAT selection, by including in their decision algorithm their own biases, patient perspective, ethical concerns as well as the current unknowns surrounding PD prognosis and DAT-related long-term side effects for a given patient.
Vapor phase-grown TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles inside electrospun polymer fibers and their calcination-induced organization
Authors: Razouq Hasan , Berger Thomas , Hüsing Nicola , Diwald Oliver 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe spatial organization of metal oxide nanoparticles represents an important factor in the chemical utilization of resulting structures. For the production of networks that are composed of metal oxide nanoparticle chains, we dispersed vapor phase-grown TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles homogeneously in an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution. After electrospinning, we analyzed the sizes and diameters of the compositionally homogeneous electrospun fibers and discussed the size distribution and morphology of the nanoparticles inside. Calcination-induced polymer removal gives rise to self-supported nanoparticle-based nanofibers. Particle coarsening by a factor of ~ 2 for TiO2 and ~ 3 for ZnO nanoparticles is observed.
Graphical abstract
Authentication of two eighteenth century juniper-containing drug remains by HPLC–MS/MS and GC–MS
Authors: Nesměrák Karel , Lener Tomáš , Korban Anton , Štícha Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo historical remains of juniper-containing drugs, dating from the eighteenth century, were analyzed using two separation techniques with mass detection (HPLC–MS/MS and GC–MS). As reference material, replicates of one of these analyzed historical remains, juniper preserve, were prepared according to period recipes. Although the HPLC–MS/MS method was suitable for authenticating the origin of a drug prepared from juniper berries (i.e., juniper preserve), it proved unsuitable for a drug containing only juniper wood. In contrast, GC–MS was able to demonstrate that this drug did indeed contain juniper wood. Thus both studied samples were verified to be juniper-containing drugs. A remarkable stability of some glycosides was observed in the samples analyzed. The presence of viridiflorin was demonstrated for the first time in the juniper plant, and a detailed ESI+-MSn fragmentation of this substance was proposed.
Graphical abstract
Utilization of zeolite catalysts in biomass exploitation: a minireview
Authors: Magyarová Zuzana , Králik Milan , Soták Tomáš 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis minireview discusses the use of zeolites as catalysts in all stages of lignocellulose biomass (LCB) valorization process. A summary of some synthesis and characterization methods for zeolitic materials is provided. Utilization of various active sites of zeolites is explored with the focus on Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and the importance of hierarchical structures in the processes involving bulky biobased molecules. Zeolites modified by top-down methods, specifically desilication with various basic reagents, are good candidates for applications in LCB valorization. Some novelty methods such as a dry milling for incorporating metal nanoparticles into zeolite structure are mentioned. An overview of studies utilizing zeolites in processes such as catalytic pyrolysis of LCB, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and reactions of platform molecules (ethanol, furans, glycerol, bio-hydrocarbons, lactic acid, succinic acid, levulinic acid, sorbitol, xylitol) is discussed. Special attention is dedicated to reactions of biomass-derived alcohols and value-added chemicals produced from them, e.g., esters. The most successful industrial zeolite application—fluid catalytic cracking—is also summarized for comparison. Challenges of zeolite stability in reactions carried out in liquid water conditions, as well as possibilities of catalyst stabilization, e.g., with extra-framework aluminum, or hydrophobization of the surface, are explored.Graphical abstract
Development and validation of an assay for the quantification of glycosides using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Foster Kevin , Hossain Md Lokman , Lim Lee Yong , Locher Cornelia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a simple and rapid approach to the quantification of various glycosides using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Different classes of glycosides, represented by genistin and ononin (both monosaccharidic O-glycosides), rutin (a disaccharidic O-glycoside) and luteolin-6-C-glucoside (a monosaccharidic C-glycoside), were successfully separated using a mixture of ethyl acetate‒methanol‒glacial acetic acid‒formic acid (11:1:1:1, V/V) as the mobile phase followed by derivatisation with natural product–polyethylene glycol (NP–PEG) reagent. The method was validated for the quantification of these glycosides in accordance with the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation. The general applicability of the validated approach is demonstrated with the analysis of a large number of glycosides including two glycosides (i.e. rutin, naringin) in commercial products.
Rotor Position Estimation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines using Electromotive Force and Anisotropy Using Extended-Kalman-Filter
Authors: Wilcken Nils , Grotjahn Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper a new rotor position observer for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) based on an Extended-Kalman-Filter (EKF) is presented. With this method, just one single EKF is sufficent to evaluate the position information from electromotive force (EMF) and anisotropy. Thus, the PMSM can be controlled for the entire speed range without a position sensor and without the need to switch or synchronize between different observers. The approach covers online estimation of permanent magnetic field and mechanical load. The resulting EKF-based rotor position estimator is embedded in the existing cascaded control concept of the PMSM without need of additional angle trackers or signal filters. The experimental validation for the position sensorless control shows optimized dynamic behaviour.
Diffusion tensor imaging helps identify shunt-responsive normal pressure hydrocephalus patients among probable iNPH cohort
Authors: Sedlák Vojtěch , Bubeníková Adéla , Skalický Petr , Vlasák Aleš , Whitley Helen , Netuka David , Beneš Vladimír , Beneš Vladimír , Bradáč Ondřej 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether white matter changes as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can help differentiate shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients from patients with other causes of gait disturbances and/or cognitive decline with ventriculomegaly whose clinical symptoms do not improve significantly after cerebrospinal fluid derivation (non-iNPH). Between 2017 and 2022, 85 patients with probable iNPH underwent prospective preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and comprehensive clinical workup. Patients with clinical symptoms of iNPH, positive result on lumbar infusion test, and gait improvement after 120-h lumbar drainage were diagnosed with iNPH and underwent shunt-placement surgery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values for individual regions of interest were extracted from preoperative MRI, using the TBSS pipeline of FSL toolkit. These FA and MD values were then compared to results of clinical workup and established diagnosis of iNPH. An identical MRI protocol was performed on 13 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Statistically significant differences in FA values of several white matter structures were found not only between iNPH patients and healthy controls but also between iNPH and non-iNPH patients. ROI that showed best diagnostic ability when differentiating iNPH among probable iNPH cohort was uncinate fasciculus, with AUC of 0.74 (p < 0.001). DTI methods of white matter analysis using standardised methods of ROI extraction can help in differentiation of iNPH patients not only from healthy patients but also from patients with other causes of gait disturbances with cognitive decline and ventriculomegaly.
Small shrubby patches increase bird taxonomic and functional richness of wood-pastures
Authors: Lopes Paula C. , Palmeirim Jorge M. , Leal Ana I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWood-pastures are semi-natural systems that combine a grazed grassland with a tree layer. Shrubs are often controlled, mostly to improve grazing potential, resulting in a reduction of the available ecological niches. From a conservation perspective, it is thus important to identify management practices that counter this reduction. Our overall objective was to determine the value of small shrubby patches to increase the richness of wood-pasture bird communities. As study model we used Mediterranean oak wood-pastures in southern Portugal, locally known as montados. Birds and environmental variables were sampled in 50 m radius plots of wood-pasture with and without small shrubby patches (128–3748 m2, covering less than 0.5% of the study area), in winter (n = 54) and spring (n = 65). Species assemblages’ composition changed between seasons, but in both seasons the assemblages in plots with and without patches were statistically different. Seven species were statistically associated to the presence of patches, in winter and spring, increasing the richness of the respective assemblages. A comparison of the functional composition of communities of patches and matrix revealed that patches increased richness of landscapes by boosting the presence of species with functional traits uncommon in the ecologically simplified matrix. Their presence is promoted by resources added by the patches (e.g. nesting sites, protection, food), but the ranges of individual birds in general extended well beyond the patches. This study demonstrated that the presence of few and small shrubby patches can significantly enrich the bird communities of wood-pastures, both taxonomically and functionally, indicating that promoting them is a cost-effective management measure for these valuable systems.
Anammox with alternative electron acceptors: perspectives for nitrogen removal from wastewaters
Authors: Ponce-Jahen Sergio J. , Cercado Bibiana , Estrada-Arriaga Edson Baltazar , Rangel-Mendez J. Rene , Cervantes Francisco J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the context of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process (anammox), great scientific advances have been made over the past two decades, making anammox a consolidated technology widely used worldwide for nitrogen removal from wastewaters. This review provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the anammox process, the microorganisms involved and their metabolism. In addition, recent research on the application of the anammox process with alternative electron acceptors is described, highlighting the biochemical reactions involved, its advantages and potential applications for specific wastewaters. An updated description is also given of studies reporting the ability of microorganisms to couple the anammox process to extracellular electron transfer to insoluble electron acceptors; particularly iron, carbon-based materials and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BES). The latter, also referred to as anodic anammox, is a promising strategy to combine the ammonium removal from wastewater with bioelectricity production, which is discussed here in terms of its efficiency, economic feasibility, and energetic aspects. Therefore, the information provided in this review is relevant for future applications.
Molecular features of androgen-receptor low, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers in the Carolina breast cancer study
Authors: Jinna Nikita D. , Van Alsten Sarah , Rida Padmashree , Seewaldt Victoria L. , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Androgen receptor (AR) expression is absent in 40–90% of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers. The prognostic value of AR in ER-negative patients and therapeutic targets for patients absent in AR remains poorly explored.

Methods
We used an RNA-based multigene classifier to identify AR-low and AR-high ER-negative participants in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS; N = 669) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; N = 237). We compared AR-defined subgroups by demographics, tumor characteristics, and established molecular signatures [PAM50 risk of recurrence (ROR), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and immune response].

Results
AR-low tumors were more prevalent among younger (RFD =  + 10%, 95% CI = 4% to 16%) participants in CBCS and were associated with HER2 negativity (RFD = − 35%, 95% CI = − 44% to − 26%), higher grade (RFD =  + 17%, 95% CI = 8% to 26%), and higher risk of recurrence scores (RFD =  + 22%, 95% CI = 16.1% to 28%), with similar results in TCGA. The AR-low subgroup was strongly associated with HRD in CBCS (RFD =  + 33.3%, 95% CI = 23.8% to 43.2%) and TCGA (RFD =  + 41.5%, 95% CI = 34.0% to 48.6%). In CBCS, AR-low tumors had high adaptive immune marker expression.

Conclusion
Multigene, RNA-based low AR expression is associated with aggressive disease characteristics as well as DNA repair defects and immune phenotypes, suggesting plausible precision therapies for AR-low, ER-negative patients.
Racial and ethnic differences in tumor characteristics among endometrial cancer patients in an equal-access healthcare population
Authors: Desmond Daniel , Arter Zhaohui , Berenberg Jeffrey L. , Killeen Jeffrey L. , Bunch Kristen , Merritt Melissa A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There are racial and ethnic differences in endometrial cancer incidence and mortality rates; compared with Non-Hispanic White women, Black women have a similar incidence rate for endometrial cancer, but their mortality is higher. Pacific Islander women may also have worse outcomes compared to their White counterparts. We assessed tumor characteristics and adjuvant therapy by racial and ethnic group among endometrial cancer patients treated within the Military Health System, an equal access healthcare organization.

Methods
We retrospectively identified women diagnosed with invasive endometrial cancer among US Department of Defense beneficiaries reported in the Automated Central Tumor Registry database (year of diagnosis: 2001–2018). We compared tumor characteristics and receipt of adjuvant therapy across racial and ethnic groups using Chi-square or Fisher tests. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of all cause mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for age at diagnosis, adjuvant therapy, histology and stage.

Results
The study included 2574 endometrial cancer patients [1729 Non-Hispanic White, 318 Asian, 286 Black, 140 Pacific Islander and 101 Hispanic women]. Among all cases, a higher proportion of Black patients had non-endometrioid histology (46.5% versus ≤ 29.3% in other groups, P < 0.01) and grade 3–4 tumors (40.1% versus ≤ 29.3% in other groups, P < 0.01). In multivariable Cox models, compared with Non-Hispanic White cases, Black endometrial cancer patients had a higher mortality risk (HR 1.43, 95% CI, 1.13–1.83). There was no difference in mortality risk for other racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusion
Black patients with endometrial cancer presented with more aggressive tumor features and they had worse overall survival compared with patients in other racial and ethnic groups. Further study is needed to better direct preventive and therapeutic efforts in order to correct endometrial cancer disparities in the future.
Sparse optimization via vector k-norm and DC programming with an application to feature selection for support vector machines
Authors: Gaudioso Manlio , Giallombardo Giovanni , Miglionico Giovanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSparse optimization is about finding minimizers of functions characterized by a number of nonzero components as small as possible, such paradigm being of great practical relevance in Machine Learning, particularly in classification approaches based on support vector machines. By exploiting some properties of thek-norm of a vector, namely, of the sum of itsklargest absolute-value components, we formulate a sparse optimization problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program, whose continuous relaxation is equivalent to the unconstrained minimization of a difference-of-convex function. The approach is applied to Feature Selection in the support vector machine framework, and tested on a set of benchmark instances. Numerical comparisons against both the standard$$\ell _1$$ℓ1-based support vector machine and a simple version of the Slope method are presented, that demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in achieving high sparsity level of the solutions without impairing test-correctness.