bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical sevoflurane corneal toxicity: in vitro study
Authors: Cejudo Raquel Maroto , Encalada Denisse Michelle Espinosa , Valenciano Carlos Cava , Juarez Sango Mónica Gómez‐ , Picazo Maria Gomez , Pretel Fernando Andrés 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the cytotoxic effect of sevoflurane (SF) and povidone‐iodine (PI) on cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells in vitro.Methods: We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of a 5 min exposition of SF, PI and balanced saline solution (BSS) using an in vitro rabbit corneal cell culture model (Short‐Time Exposure Test Method). In order to quantify cytotoxicity MTT assay was employed. Repeated exposition of SF was evaluated as well as cell viability after different recovery times (30 min, 60 min and 1 h). Statistical results were obtained with Kruskal‐Wallis test and Conover post‐hoc test.Results: The median of cell viability of SF was 85.29%, PI 0.52% and BSS 97.29%, with statistically significant differences between them (p = 0.005). After a 5 minute recovery, the median of cell viability for SF was 87.77%, 74.48% after 30 minutes and 76.66% after 60 minutes. After a double exposition it was 70.59%, with no statistically significant differences between single and double exposition (p = 0.18).Conclusions: No corneal toxicity of SF was observed, in contrast with PI. Cellular damage did not change with longer recovery time or double exposition to SF.ReferencesSevoflurane (SF) has been proved recently to have analgesic/antimicrobial effects. (1, 2) We believe of interest to study the effect of SF in the ocular surface. As there is no literature about this topic, in vitro studies are required before in vivo tests.1. Chu CC, Wu SZ, Su WL, Shieh JP, Kao CH, Ho ST, et al. Subcutaneous injection of inhaled anaesthetics produces cutaneous analgesia. Can J Anesth Can Anesth. 2008;55(5):290–4.2. Manuel Gerónimo Pardo, María Martínez Serrano, Ángel Martínez Monsalve, Juan Luis Rueda Martínez. Usos Alternativos del Sevoflurano: Efecto Analgésico Tópico. Rev Electrónica AnestesiaR [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2019 Apr 15];4(5). Available from: http://revistaanestesiar.org/index.php/rear/article/view/373
Different behaviour of Müller cells according to their location in the retina: Possible relation with the differential susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma
Authors: Pereiro Xandra , Ruzafa Noelia , Ambrósio António Francisco , Santiago Ana Raquel , Vecino Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered a major risk factor. When visual problems are first detected in patients with glaucoma, half of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have already died, principally in the peripheral retina. Müller glia (MG), which are the main macroglial cells in the retina, play prominent physiological and pathological roles. The change of MG to a reactive phenotype initiates signalling cascades that may serve a neuroprotective role, but may also promote damaging effects on RGCs. Our main hypothesis is that MG exert an important role in RGCs death in glaucoma, being the MG in the periphery the most sensitive to intraocular pressure, promoting the death of RGCs.Methods: Survival of RGCs was analysed by immunocytochemistry in porcine primary co‐cultures of RGCs and MG from central and peripheral retina under control and elevated hydrostatic pressure (EHP) conditions. The conditioned media (CM) from MG primary cultures from central and peripheral retina were collected and analysed by mass spectrometry to identify and quantify proteins in all experimental conditions.Results: We demonstrated that in control condition MG secret neuroprotective factors, and in EHP MG contribute to RGC death. MG from central retina are less sensitive to EHP since RGCs survival further decrease in co‐culture with MG from peripheral retina. Moreover, stretch‐activated nonselective TRPV4 cation channels present in MG are differently activated by the pressure depending of their location within the retina. Proteomic analysis from CM of MG revealed differential protein expression levels, being more pronounced in the CM from MG from peripheral retina under EHP. The proteins identified are mainly associated to apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis.Conclusions: The different sensitivity of the RGCs to IOP in glaucoma could be related with the different activation of neighbouring MG.
Validation of the CD11c‐DTR transgenic mouse as a model to study neuroimmune interactions in the cornea
Authors: Frutos‐Rincón Laura , Rincón‐Frutos Maria José , Acosta M. Carmen , Gallar Juana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: CD11c‐DTR+ mice have a transgene encoding for a simian diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor under the CD11c promoter that makes dendritic cells (DCs) sensitive to DT, which causes DC depletion. Preliminary results using this mouse suggest that there is a functional interaction between DCs and corneal sensory nerves, as DC depletion modifies nerve activity and nociceptive behaviour. The aim of this work was to validate the CD11c‐DTR+ mouse model proving that the observed effects are not due to the DT itself, using littermates negative for the transgene and therefore resistant to DC depletion by DT.Methods: CD11c‐DTR+ and CD11c‐DTR‐ mice (5 months, both sexes) were used. Both groups received single or repetitive (every 2 days for 8 days) subconjunctival injections of DT or its vehicle (PBS). Basal tearing (in mm) was measured using phenol red threads placed in the temporally side of the eye for 30 s in isoflurane‐anaesthetised mice. To quantify spontaneous eye pain, the eye closure ratio was calculated by dividing the height by the width of the lid opening measured in photographs of freely moving animals. Nerve terminal impulse (NTI) activity of corneal cold thermoreceptor endings was recorded ex vivo in superfused eyes; spontaneous and stimulus‐evoked activity was explored.Results: Basal tearing was higher in DT‐injected CD11c‐DTR‐ animals, especially after repetitive injections (Day 0: 2 ± 0.16 mm vs. day 2: 2.8 ± 0.37 mm vs. day 8: 4.7 ± 0.36 mm, n = 5, p ≤ 0.001, RM ANOVA). Repetitive PBS injections caused similar effects in CD11c‐DTR+ and CD11c‐DTR‐ mice tearing (DTR−: 4.7 ± 0.36 mm, n = 5 vs. DTR+: 3.7 ± 1.48 mm, n = 3, p = 0.399, t‐test). No signs of spontaneous pain were observed in DT‐injected CD11c‐DTR‐ mice (Day 0: 0.91 ± 0.01 vs. 48 h: 0.93 ± 0.01 vs. day 8: 0.95 ± 0.01, n = 5, p = 0.065, RM ANOVA). No significant differences were found in spontaneous and stimulus‐evoked NTI activity recorded after repetitive injections of DT in CD11c‐DTR− mice or PBS in CD11c‐DTR+ mice.Conclusions: CD11c‐DTR+ mice are a valid model to study neuroimmune interactions. DT has no effects on pain behaviour or NTI activity of animals lacking the DT receptor. The changes in tearing appear to be consequence of the subconjunctival injection process per se.Reference
PID2020‐115934RB‐I00 from DOI: MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103
Neuronal and vascular segregation reveals the impact of systemic hypertension on peripapillary RNFL thickness in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Schmetterer Leopold , Wong Damon , Yow AiPing , Tan Bingyao , Hussain Rahat , Chua Jacqueline 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are common comorbidities in the elderly and can cause damage to the retina, such as neurodegeneration and vascular impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of HTN on the axonal versus the vascular components of the RNFL thickness in patients with DM without clinical diabetic retinopathy.Methods: Subjects were divided into three groups: healthy controls, 2. patients with DM only, and 3. patients with both DM and HTN. Automated segmentation of peripapillary RNFL is performed, and vascular component is excluded from the segmented RNFL to obtain the thickness measurements and vascular metrics. RNFL with (original) and without the vascular component (corrected) were compared between subjects with diabetes and healthy controls.Results: A total of 279 eyes were included: 182 eyes in controls group, 31 eyes in DM only, and 66 eyes in DM + HTN. The mean original RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in DM + HTN (−3.85 μm, p = 0.014) when compared to controls (103.9 ± 10.1 μm). This relationship between the groups increased significantly when the vascular component is excluded from the RNFL increased (−4.6 μm, p = 0.002). Retinal vessel density was increased in patients with hypertension (14.83 ± 0.32 μm) versus controls (13.97 ± 0.18 μm, p = 0.019) and was correlated with original RNFL thickness (r = 0.189, p = 0.001), but not with corrected RNFL (r = −0.044, p = 0.462). There was no difference in the RNFL thickness between DM only and controls when using either conventional or novel OCT approaches (−3 μm, p ≥ 0.100).Conclusions: The present data indicate that reduced RNFL thickness in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy is to a large degree related to impact of hypertension. Changes in peripapillary RNFL thickness as measured with commercial OCT systems may either be the consequence of retinal nerve fibres or reflect changes in retinal vasculature. Accounting for retinal vasculature emphasized the greater decrease in RNFL in HTN individuals than conventional OCT method.
Calculations of mean ocular perfusion pressure before and after exercise are conditioned by the formula used
Authors: Gene‐Morales Javier , Gené‐Sampedro Andrés , Bueno‐Gimeno Inmaculada , Colado Juan C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Blood pressure is a key parameter associated with ocular health and glaucoma. Additionally, brachial blood pressure serves to calculate ocular perfusion pressure. The main aim was to evaluate differences between the most used formulas to calculate mean brachial arterial blood pressure and the effects that physical exercise may have in this parameter.Methods: Fifteen physically active, healthy subjects (9 male 6 female, 24.07 ± 3.65 years) voluntarily performed a 15‐minute protocol consisting of combined exercise including, mobility, bodyweight exercises, running, dynamic stretching, and three sets of barbell back squat at low intensities. The formulas compared were 1) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) + 1/3 * (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ‐ DBP); 2) DBP + 0.412 * (SBP – DBP); 3) DBP + (0.333 + (0.0012 * heart rate)) * (SBP ‐ DBP); 4) DBP + (25.361 + 0.047 * heart rate + 0.163 * DBP) * (SBP ‐ DBP); 5) (SBP * DBP) ^ 1/2. A two‐way analysis of variance evaluated the effect of the exercise and the formula used to calculate the mean blood pressure.Results: Significant effects of the exercise (F(1, 14) = 88.66, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.86), formula used (F(1.06, 14.86) = 250.23, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.95), and their interaction (F(1.37, 19.11) = 54.75, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.80) were observed in the resulting values. The post‐hoc results showed significant differences between most of the formulas both preexercise and postexercise.Conclusions: The results presented suggest that caution should be applied when using indirect formulas to estimate mean brachial arterial pressure. Future research should objectively evaluate mean blood pressure with a direct method to find the most reliable formula. Meanwhile, this study is published to raise awareness on the importance of choosing one or other methods when aiming to estimate with formulas physiological parameters related to ocular health.
Morphology‐Structural software: Interests for AMD DRUSENOID DEPOSITS “L”, Lipid type, Density, Structural, Volume analysis and Evolution. 5 years follow‐up
Authors: Gonzalez Corinne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To study AMD drusenoid deposits “L”, about their density, structure volume,evolution with morphology‐structural software to enhance drusenoid deposits “L” knowledge, evolving potential, etiopathogenesis.Methods: 134 eyes of 74 patients, with AMD drusenoid deposits “L”, Lipid Type (soft Drusen, Drusenoid PED “L”). Deposits were evaluated by OCT, notably OCT en Face (Spectralis HRA‐OCT), and Morphology‐Structural software (M‐S software). M‐S software let analyse drusenoid deposit volume, contours, 3D deposit reconstruction, display in 3D space, let drusenoid deposit contents analyse, discrimination, differentiation, let grading (volume, contours analyse), let measurements: density (grey levels of deposits), structure(structural measures texture parameters), volume (in μm3), evaluation and characterization of those “L” type deposits. Evaluation, comparison for each eye, patient, between all, was done every 6 months, so evolution assessment too. 5 years follow‐up.Results: AMD Drusenoid Deposits “L” are: dark grey, optical empty, fatty, equal and the same in all cross‐section(OCT/OCT enface).From M‐S software, “L” have rather Low density, each density parameter having not only its own profile, curve modulation and up and down during evolution, but difference in between, and likeness between both eyes. Structural and Volume parameters have also their own profile and similarity between both eyes. Cycle evolution was seen for all parameters curve, specific for each curve, with also similarity between both eyes. M‐S software allows better AMD Drusenoid Deposits “L” knowledge, physiopathology understanding, evolving potential, particularly to atrophy.Conclusions: Morphology‐Structural Software let to study, better knowledge of AMD Drusenoid deposits “L”, especially regarding their contents, so contribute to AMD physiopathology, etiopathogenesis understanding and hypothesis formulations.References.1. Gonzalez C. AMD Drusenoid deposits “L”, Lipid type and “P”, Protein‐cellular type, structural analysis, evolution study with Multimodal Imaging and Morphology‐Structural software, ARVO 2019.
Possibilities of monitoring intraocular pressure using easyton transpalpebral tonometer
Authors: del Buey Sayas María Ángeles , Pascual Paula Casas , Rodriguez Nuria López , Marco Monzon Sara , Ascaso Javier , Sancho Elena Lanchares 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare the effectiveness of transpalpebral scleral tonometry (TPST) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in a control group patients, in order to consider TPST as an objective IOP control in early postoperative period of patients undergoing corneal and surface surgery.Methods: Three measurements TPST, using EASYTON tonometer, and IOP using GAT, have been sequentially performed on 73 right eyes of 73 control patients (aged 24–83) (mean age 57.4 ± 16.3 years). In addition, 12 eyes of 12 patients undergoing corneal or surface surgery (PK, DSAEK, pterigium) have been evaluated with TPST and digital palpation tonometry in the immediate postoperative period (1–2 and 7 days). We evaluated the post‐surgical cases subjectively in normal tone by palpation, ocular hypotonia and hypertonia. Subsequently, we carried out an objective IOP measurement with Easyton and assessed the correlation of results.Results: Mean IOP spread (as demonstrated by three consecutive IOP measurements with EASYTON) was 1.32 mm Hg thus showing a high degree of repeatability. IOP measured using the TPST was 18.2 ± 2.9 mmHg in the control group. With GAT were 18.3 ± 2.5 mmHg in the control group. There are no statistically significant differences between both variables for the same sample. During the second evaluation, a high degree of the similarity of IOP measurements with palpation and TPST was demonstrated in the operated eyes after corneal and surface surgery.Conclusions: EASYTON tonometry demonstrated repeatability of IOP indicators when measuring the same eye three times sequentially. There are no statistically significant differences between TPST and GAT in the control group. EASYTON transpalpebral IOP tonometer prevents the subjectivity of IOP measurements after PK and other corneal or surface surgeries and makes an objective tonometry available. The lack of the contact with the cornea, a rather high accuracy and repeatability, and the lack of negative effects allow for using this device in these cases.
Characterizing a novel retinal organoid model of Oculocutaneous albinism and optic nerve misrouting
Authors: Wagstaff Ellie , Bakker Reinier , Emri Eszter , ten Asbroek Anneloor , Bergen Arthur 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Albinism refers to a group of genetic disorders typically characterized by a loss/reduction of melanin in the hair, skin and eyes of affected patients. Apart from pigment changes, all albinism patients present with foveal hypoplasia and optic nerve misrouting, and have blurred vision. The molecular mechanisms that link this lack of pigment with neural retinal development are poorly understood, with foveal and optic tract development being difficult to model. To advance our knowledge, we developed a novel retinal organoid model of albinism, and characterized the development and outgrowth of retinal ganglion cells affected during albinism as a model for future studies.Methods: Human oculocutaneous albinism 1 (OCA1) patient‐derived stem cells were differentiated alongside controls into retinal organoids, as published previously1,2. Early retinal ganglion cells develop in the first 4 weeks of differentiation, at which point whole organoids could be plated to allow for optic nerve‐like outgrowth. Whole organoids were also fixed and analysed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) to visualize contralateral and ipsilateral ganglion cells present in the organoid.Results: IHC analysis showed differences in the number of ipsilateral and contralateral retinal ganglion cells between the healthy control and albinism organoids, in line with in vivo observations. Further, optic nerve‐like outgrowth could be achieved with both models, allowing for future research into optic nerve misrouting in albinism.Conclusions: We generated a novel retinal organoid model of oculocutaneous albinism, and characterized the retinal ganglion cell development and outgrowth. This will allow us in the future to study a different and sometimes overlooked aspect of albinism; optic nerve misrouting.References1. Wagstaff, P. E., Ten Asbroek, A., Ten Brink, J. B., Jansonius, N. M. & Bergen, A. A. B. An alternative approach to produce versatile retinal organoids with accelerated ganglion cell development. Sci Rep 11, 1101, doi:10.1038/s41598‐020‐79651‐x (2021).2. Ohlemacher, S. K. et al. Stepwise Differentiation of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Enables Analysis of Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. Stem Cells 34, 1553–1562, doi:10.1002/stem.2356 (2016).
Different formulas to calculate mean blood pressure entail significantly different results
Authors: Gene‐Morales Javier , Gené‐Sampedro Andrés , Bueno‐Gimeno Inmaculada , Babiloni‐Lopez Carlos , Colado Juan C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) is calculated as the difference between mean brachial arterial pressure (MBP; with a correction factor to compensate for differences in flow resistance and hydrostatic pressure between the arm and eye) and intraocular pressure (IOP). The main aim was to evaluate differences between the most used formulas to calculate MOPP and the effects that physical exercise may have in this parameter.Methods: Fifteen physically active, healthy subjects (6 female, 24.07 ± 3.65 years) voluntarily performed a 15‐minute protocol consisting of combined exercise including, mobility, bodyweight exercises, running, dynamic stretching, and three sets of barbell back squat at low intensities. Five different formulas retrieved from the scientific literature were used to calculate MBP. Formulas used to calculate MOPP pressure were 1) 2/3*(MBP)–IOP; 2) 2/3*(MBP–IOP); 3) 95/140*(MBP)–IOP. A three‐way analysis of variance evaluated the effect of the exercise, the formula used to calculate MBP, and the formula used to calculate the mean ocular perfusion pressure.Results: Significant effects of the exercise (F(1, 14) = 135.21, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.91), formula used to calculate mean blood pressure (F(1.06, 14.87) = 250.37, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.95), formula used to calculate mean ocular perfusion pressure (F(1.01, 14.14) = 163.98, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.92) and their interaction (F(1.48, 20.68) = 47.35, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.77) were observed. The post‐hoc results showed significant differences between most of the formulas both preexercise and postexercise.Conclusions: The results presented suggest that caution should be applied when using indirect formulas to estimate mean ocular perfusion pressure. Future research should objectively evaluate ocular perfusion pressure with a direct method to find the most reliable formula. Meanwhile, this study is published to raise awareness on the importance of choosing one or other methods when aiming to estimate physiological parameters with formulas.
Establishment and measurement of myopia in mice with ON‐bipolar cell defects
Authors: Baptiste Wilmet , Robert Duvoisin , Jacques Callebert , Ruben Goulet , Christophe Tourain , Christelle Michiels , Julie Degardin , Helen Frederiksen , Quenol Cesar , Manuel Simonutti , Olivier Marre , José‐Alain Sahel , Audo Isabelle , Serge Picaud , Zeitz Christina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Myopia is a multifactorial eye disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors and is inhibited by light exposure. Complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB) a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous retinal disorders associated with high myopia in patients. Mutations in cCSNB‐associated genes have been found to disrupt the transmission of ON‐bipolar cells (ON‐BC) in the retina. As ON‐BCs are responsible for the retinal integration of the perception of surrounding light intensity, which is disrupted in myopia, we seek to determine whether cCSNBs models are more susceptible to develop myopia.Methods: We evaluated the levels of retinal Dopamine (DOPA) and its metabolite 3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), commonly used markers of myopia, in three cCSNB mouse models lacking Grm6, Gpr179 or Lrit3. Using an eccentric infrared photorefractometer, we measured the refractive development of two cCSNB mouse models lacking Gpr179 or Lrit3. To assess the sensitivity of cCSNB mouse lines to myopia induction, we developed a lens‐induced myopia (LIM) model and measured the induced refractive error in mice lacking Gpr179 or Lrit3.Results: Our preliminary data revealed decreased levels of both retinal DOPA and DOPAC in all tested cCSNB mouse models. All tested groups presented the same kinetic of refractive development. Mice lacking Gpr179 displayed a higher sensitivity to LIM as shown by an increase in the mean interocular shift compared to wild‐type littermates. Mice lacking Lrit3 with LIM will be measured to document the refractive errors induced by the ON‐BC defect.Conclusions: These results suggest that disruption of the ON‐BC pathway contributes to the development of myopia and that mouse models of cCSNB represent good models to study myopia. Our data strengthen the hypothesis of an impact of ON‐BC dysfunction upon the onset of myopia. These findings provide the basis for the development of pharmacological and optical therapies.