bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Diagnosis of Malignant Pulmonary Nodules Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Yue ZhenHua , Song Wenzhu , Song Yingda , Liang Zuo , Zhang Zailei , Liu Dabei , Feng Weirong , Ma Jun , Bai Xiaoming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Pulmonary nodules (PN) are a common finding in computed tomography (CT) images of the chest, and are identified in millions of patients each year in the United States. Accurate diagnosis of PN is crucial for early detection of cancer and proper treatment. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting malignant PN.
Methods
A total of 130 patients who underwent tumor resection and were pathologically diagnosed with PN were included in this study. Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms were employed to predict malignant PN outcomes. The most important features for malignant PN were identified using the RF, CART, and XGBoost algorithms.
Results
80 patients were included in the final analysis, with 62.5% of nodules being malignant and 37.5% being benign. The four algorithms RF, SVM, CART and XGBoost all show great performance, with the AUC reaching 0.97, 0.92, 0.91, and 0.98, respectively. Additionally, the RF algorithm performed the best, with an accuracy of 0.9583, specificity of 0.8889, sensitivity of 1.0000, Kappa of 0.9091, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.9375, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 1.0000. Besides, age, size, and density were identified as the most important features for predicting malignant PN.
Conclusion
ML algorithms can provide accurate prediction of malignant PN, which could help establish an early auxiliary diagnosis model. This model could facilitate early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of PN, potentially improving the quality of life and reducing mortality rates. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
Clients’ expectations and experiences with providers of menstrual regulation: A qualitative study in Bangladesh
Authors: Ramirez Ana Maria , Tabassum Tanzila , Katz Anna J , Chowdhury Rezwana , Bercu Chiara , Filippa Sofia , Baum Sarah E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Menstrual Regulation (MR) has been legal in Bangladesh since 1979 in an effort to reduce maternal mortality from unsafe abortion care. However, access to high-quality and patient-centered MR care remains a challenge. This analysis aimed to explore what clients know before going into care and the experience itself across a variety of models where MR care is available.
Methods
We conducted 26 qualitative semi-structured interviews with MR clients who were recruited from three different models of care delivery in Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to March 2019. Interviews explored client expectations and beliefs about MR care, the experience of the care they received, and their perception of the quality of that care. We conducted a thematic content analysis using a priori and emergent codes.
Results
Clients overall lacked knowledge about MR care and held fears about the damage to their bodies after receiving care. Despite their fears, roughly half the clients held positive expectations about the care they would receive. Call center clients felt the most prepared by their provider about what to expect during their MR care. During counseling sessions, providers at in-facility locations reinforced the perception of risk of future fertility as a result of MR and commonly questioned clients on their need for MR services. Some even attempted to dissuade nulliparous women from getting the care. Clients received this type of questioning throughout their time at the facilities, not just from their medical providers. The majority of clients perceived their care as good and rationalized these comments from their providers as coming from a caring place. However, a handful of clients did report bad care and negative feelings about their interactions with providers and other clinical staff.
Conclusion
Providers and clinical staff can play a key role in shaping the experience of clients accessing MR care. Training on accurate knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of MR, and the importance of client communication could help improve client knowledge and person-centered quality of MR care.
Prognostic factors and overall survival of breast cancer in Benin: a hospital-based study
Authors: GNANGNON Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue , PARENTE Alexis , ABOUBAKAR Moufalilou , KIKI-MIGAN Yannick , TOTAH Terence , GBESSI Dansou Gaspard , BAGNAN Josiane Angéline TONATO , LALEYE Anatole Adébowalé , PREUX Pierre-Marie , DENAKPO Justin Lewis , BLANQUET Véronique , HOUINATO Dismand Stephan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
In Benin, a country in West Africa, breast cancer is the leading cancer in women, both in terms of incidence and mortality. However, evidence on the mortality of breast cancer and its associated factors is lacking in this country. Our aim was to describe and analyze the clinical, histopathological, and prognostic aspects of breast cancer in Benin.
Methods
A descriptive and analytical study was carried out at the CNHU-HKM and the CHU-MEL, two major referral hospitals for breast cancer management located in Cotonou, the capital city of Benin. All breast cancer medical records with histological evidence and immunohistochemistry studies were retrospectively collected between January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2020, in these two referral hospitals and analyzed in this study.
Results
We included 319 medical records. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.74 years. The tumors were most frequently classified as T4 (47.6%) with lymph node involvement N2 (34.5%), and metastases were clinically noted in 21.6% of cases. Tumors were diagnosed at very late AJCC stages: stage 3 (42.3%) and stage 4 (21.9%). Grades SBR 2 (49.2%) and SBR 3 (32.6%) were the most frequent grades. Triple-negative breast cancer (31.3%) was the most common molecular type. The overall 5-year survival was 48.49%. In multivariable analysis, the poor prognostic factors were lymph node invasion (HR = 2.63; p = 0.026; CI: [1.12, 6.17]), the presence of metastasis (HR = 3.64; p < 0,001); CI: [2.36, 5.62] and the immunohistochemical profile (HR = 1.29; p < 0,001; CI: [1.13, 1.48]).
Conclusions
Breast cancer in Beninese is predominant in young adults and is often diagnosed at a late stage. The survival of breast cancer patients in Benin can be improved by enhancing early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.
Evaluation of Sex Hormones Serum Profile in Male Patients with Behcet’s Disease
Authors: Lavaee Fatemeh , Balaghi Fatemeh , Aflaki Elham , Baghaei Saman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives: This cross-sectional study has been done on people with Behcet`s disease referred to Shahid Motahri Clinic and Shiraz Dental Faculty during 2020.
Materials and Method: Twenty five men with new confirmed Behcet's disease and twenty healthy men were enrolled in the study. The serum level of LH, FSH, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, Prolactin, DHEA were evaluated in the Motahari laboratory.
Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18. Kolmogrov Smirnov, student T-test, Kruskal Wallis, Chi-square, and one-way ANOVA were used for analysing this study.
Results: The mean age of patients in group of patients with Behcet’s disease and healthy controls were 38.55 ± 7.59 and 39.68 ± 9.78 years old respectively.
The mean serum level of FSH, LH, and prolactin was significantly higher in Behcet’s patients, while the DHEA mean serum level was higher in healthy controls (p.value < 0.05).
The mean value of sex hormones serum level in each group of patients with Behcet’s disease and healthy controls were not different between different age ranges of participants (p.value > 0.05).
In Behcet patients, the FSH mean value had a more significant abnormal range, while DHEA mean value had a more significant abnormal range in healthy controls.
Conclusion: There is some significant sexual hormonal imbalance in Behcet patients. DHEA deficiency and prolactin increment were reported noticeable for Behcet disease patients.
Clinical relevance: Results of this study indicate sexual hormonal imbalance as a predisposing factor and also daigostic factor of behcet disease.
Safety of pure implantable collamer lens implantation without viscoelastic agent in the early period after surgery
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Fengju , Ying Xiong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Backgroud: To investigate the safety of pure implantable collamer lens implantation without an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD).
Methods: A total of 181 eyes that underwent nontoric ICL were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were collected and analyzed at 2 h and 24 h. Visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and anteriorchamber parameters were evaluated at 24 h postoperatively. Vault was evaluated at 24 h and 7 days. The number of haptics implanted into the posterior chamber was analyzed.
Results: The efficacy and safety indices were 1.30 ± 0.32 and 1.31 ± 0.32, respectively. Of 181 eyes, 99 eyes received 4 haptics on the first attempt without any adjustment, and 72 eyes received an adjusted lens without an OVD. The success rate of the OVD-free procedure was 94.5%.Two hours postoperatively, IOP was 17.41±3.77 mmHg, which was significantly higher than the preoperative value (t=8.930, P < 0.000), however there was no significant difference between preoperative IOP and IOP at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively. The ECD changed from 2895.52±253.73 cells/mm2 preoperatively to 2873.66±244.17 cells/mm2 at 1 day postoperatively), and the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.811, P=0.072). The ACA was narrowed by 42% on the first day.
Conclusion: The pure OVD-free technique is safe and efficient for ICL implantation. It can be a safer method of ICL implantation because of it reduces the risk of complications associated with ocular hypertension in the short term.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000036335) at August 20, 2020.
Occupational Therapy treatment for the management of fatigue in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: Outcome Research
Authors: Simeon Rachele , Galeoto Giovanni , Valente Donatella , Conte Antonella , Ferrazzano Gina , Leodori Giorgio , Berardi Anna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background. 80% of people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) describe fatigue as the most disabling symptom. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of fatigue management programs in reducing the impact of fatigue and improving the Quality of Life (QoL). None of these were based on the benefit that this intervention has on social participation and environment management. This study aims to evaluate the management of environment and social participation following an Occupational Therapy (OT) intervention based on the teaching of energy conservation strategies in people with MS; the secondary endpoint is to evaluate the impact of fatigue, QoL and sleep quality. Methods. The intervention was administered as an outpatient program to adults with a confirmed diagnosis of MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale < 5,5, Fatigue Severity Scale ≥ 4. The intervention was based on a five-week program, and follow-up was performed 3 months after the end of the administration. The environmental impact was measured using the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors scale, the level of social integration was assessed through the Community Integration Questionnaire and the Impact on Participation and Autonomy. Results. 19 people were recruited, pre- and post-treatment, and after 3 months evaluations showed statistically significant data for all outcomes with a p < 0.05. Conclusion. Intervention based on fatigue management in people with MS improves the management of environment and social integration; it shows an improvement of the perception of fatigue, QoL and sleep quality. It confirms the importance of implementing groups for the management of fatigue also in Italy.
Carbon emission reduction rffects of innovative city pilot policy: a quasi-natural experiment from China
Authors: Huang Yongchun , Zou Chen , Ye Zi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Environmental economics theory suggests that the technological effects of increased innovation capacity can drive both stable economic growth and act as a major way to mitigate regional environmental pollution levels. This is the reason why science and technology innovation is the key to achieving low-carbon and green development. This study aimed to examine the influence of China's pilot policy for innovative cities on the emissions of greenhouse gases and its operational mechanism. By employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches, we successfully examined the impact of the policy on the nation's carbon peaking. The study findings indicated that the adoption of the urban pilot policy can effectively decelerate the increase of carbon emissions in cities. Additionally, the policy has a more pronounced impact on reducing emissions in major urban areas and provinces. The mechanism test revealed that the policy can help reduce the urban carbon emissions by implementing various technological innovations and spatial intensification. The results of this research offer significant theoretical backing for the adoption of the urban pilot policy and encourage the advancement of eco-friendly growth in Chinese urban areas.
Bioavailability-based risk assessment of various heavy metals via multi-exposure routes for children and teenagers in Beijing, China
Authors: Du Zhongwen , Tian Zuguang , Yin Yelan , Wei Junxiao , Mu Yue , Cai Jianjun , Song Zefeng , Cen Kuang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rare study focuses on the health risks of children and teenagers from multiple exposure routes (MERs) of environmental media based on bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs). On the basis of considering the bioavailability of HMs, this study evaluated the multiple environmental routes and health risks to HMs in children and teenagers of eight age groups (2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<9, 9-<12, 12-<15, and 15-<18) in Beijing, China. The main findings are as follows: chromium [Cr (III)] intake by food consumption in all populations may exceed the recommended nutrient intake. And the MERs of lead in children aged 2–<3 years exceed the exposure dose (0.3 µg·kg− 1·d− 1) of 0.5 points reduction in intelligence quotient. Moreover, children aged 2–<3 and 6–<9 years have the highest non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) and carcinogenic risk (CR), respectively. The contributions of oral ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation to the NCR were 69.5%, 18.9% and 11.6%, respectively. And the combined NCR contributions of copper, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic (As) were about 69.4%. The contributions of the above three routes to the CR were 93.4%, 4.1% and 2.5%, in that order, with the largest CR contribution of As being about 92.0%. This study can provide new ideas for accurately assessing the exposure and health risks of HMs in the population, and we believe that it is necessary to update the national standards for food and soil based on the bioavailability of HMs.
Synthetic Colonic Mucus Enables the Development of Modular Microbiome Organoids
Authors: Medina Scott , Miller Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The human colon is home to more than a trillion microorganisms that modulate diverse gastrointestinal processes and pathophysiologies. Our understanding of how this gut ecosystem impacts human health, although evolving, is still in its nascent stages and has been slowed by the lack of accessible and scalable tools suitable to studying complex host-mucus-microbe interactions. In this work, we report a synthetic gel-like material capable of recapitulating the varied structural, mechanical, and biochemical profiles of native human colonic mucus to develop compositionally simple microbiome screening platforms with broad utility in microbiology and drug discovery. The viscous fibrillar material is realized through the templated assembly of a fluorine-rich amino acid at liquid-liquid phase separated interfaces. The fluorine-assisted mucus surrogate (FAMS) can be decorated with various mucins to serve as a habitat for microbial colonization and be integrated with human colorectal epithelial cells to generate multicellular artificial mucosae, which we refer to as a microbiome organoid. Notably, FAMS are made with inexpensive and commercially available materials, and can be generated using simple protocols and standard laboratory hardware. As a result, this platform can be broadly incorporated into various laboratory settings to advance our understanding of probiotic biology and inform in vivo approaches. If implemented into high throughput screening approaches, FAMS may represent a valuable tool in drug discovery to study compound metabolism and gut permeability, with an exemplary demonstration of this utility presented here.
Identification of modules and key genes associated with Breast Cancer subtypes through network analysis
Authors: Mares-Quiñones María Daniela , Galán-Vásquez Edgardo , Perez-Rueda Ernesto , Pérez-Ishiwara D. Guillermo , Medel-Flores María Olivia , Gómez-García María del Consuelo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women around the world. Intratumor and intertumoral heterogeneity persist in mammary tumors. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers is essential for the treatment of this malignancy. This study analyzed 28,143 genes expressed in 49 breast cancer cell lines using a Weighted Gene Co-expression network analysis to determine specific target proteins for Basal A, Basal B, Luminal A, Luminal B and HER2 ampl breast cancer subtypes. Sixty-five modules were identified, of which five were characterized as having a high correlation with breast cancer subtypes. Genes overexpressed in the tumor were found to participate in the following mechanisms: regulation of the apoptotic process, transcriptional regulation, angiogenesis, signaling, and cellular survival. In particular, we identified the following genes, considered as hubs: IFIT3, an inhibitor of viral and cellular processes; ETS1, a transcription factor involved in cell death and tumorigenesis; ENSG00000259723 lncRNA, expressed in cancers; AL033519.3 a hypothetical gene; and TMEM86A, important for regulating keratinocyte membrane properties, considered as a key in Basal A, Basal B, Luminal A, Luminal B and HER2 ampl breast cancer subtypes, respectively. The modules and genes identified in this work can be used to identify possible biomarkers or therapeutic targets in different breast cancer subtypes.
Study of Spatiotemporal Variation and Driving Factors of Habitat Quality in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains:A Case Study of Xi'an, China
Authors: Ma Ling , Wang Chuanming , Wang Liyang , Jin Shumeng , Kou Xiaomei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The goal of this study is to analyze spatiotemporal transform in Xi 'an section of the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains from 1990 to 2020. By visualizing temporal and spatial changes in habitat quality using InVEST model and land use data, and analyzing factors that affecting habitat quality by Geo-detector; showing that the cultivated land, grassland, and water decreased by 16.40%, 74.37%, and 35.39%, respectively, while the area of forest land and construction land increased, among which the construction land increased by 117.70%, the largest increase, and the forest land increased by 8.47% during study periods. The main changes in land use are the conversion of cultivated land into forest land and construction land, and the conversion of grassland into forest land and cultivated land. During 1990–2020, the average habitat quality index showing a slow decreasing from 0.8617 to 0.8585. The spatial distribution of habitat quality index showed a trend of "high in the south, moderate in the north, and low in the northwest". The high habitat quality was mainly concentrated in the southern forest land, the middle habitat quality was mainly distributed in the northern cultivated land, and the low habitat quality was mainly distributed in the northwest construction land. The land use type has great influence on habitat quality, on top of it, the interaction between any two factors are stronger the just one factor. Last, the temporal and spatial variation of habitat quality is influenced by both natural and unnatural factors.
Ranking species in complex ecosystems through nestedness maximization
Authors: Morone Flaviano , Mariani Manuel Sebastian , Mazzilli Dario , Patelli Aurelio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Identifying the rank of species in a social or ecological network is a difficult task, since the rank of each species is invariably determined by complex interactions stipulated with other species. Simply put, the rank of a species is a function of the ranks of all other species through the adjacency matrix of the network. A common system of ranking is to order species in such a way that their neighbours form maximally nested sets, a problem called nested maximization problem (NMP). Here we show that the NMP can be formulated as an instance of the Quadratic Assignment Problem, one of the most important combinatorial optimization problem widely studied in computer science, economics, and operations research. We tackle the problem by Statistical Physics techniques: we derive a set of self-consistent nonlinear equations whose fixed point represents the optimal rankings of species in an arbitrary bipartite mutualistic network, which generalize the Fitness-Complexity equations widely used in the field of economic complexity. Furthermore, we present an efficient algorithm to solve the NMP that outperforms state-of-the-art network-based metrics and genetic algorithms. Eventually, our theoretical framework may be easily generalized to study the relationship between ranking and network structure beyond pairwise interactions, e.g. in higher-order networks.
The Development of the Soderberg Electrolyzer Electromagnetic Field’s State Monitoring System
Authors: Martirosyan Alexander , Ilyushin Yury 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study is devoted to improving the economic efficiency of the cell, due to the field of the generated electromagnetic field’s accurate diagnostics. To solve this problem, the authors had developed a hardware-software complex for electromagnetic field diagnostics. This complex includes a measurement device and a software package for data collection and analysis. On the laboratory prototype of the aluminum electrolysis complex, a study was carried out on the formation and structure of the electromagnetic field. A number of experiments have been carried out showing the degree of formation of the electromagnetic field by the anode, the relationship of electromagnetic fields in the inter-anode space has been shown. Based on the results of the studies, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of diagnosing the current state of the anode, determining the direction of rotation of aluminum in the electrolytic cell and estimating the life of the anode and its burnout time.