bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of abundance and population dynamics of the Antarctic blue whale in the Antarctic Ocean south of 60°S, from 70°E to 170°W
Authors: Hamabe Kohei , Matsuoka Koji , Kitakado Toshihide 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Antarctic blue whale population size has decreased due to commercial whaling, and it is listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Its population status has received widespread attention and the abundance of Antarctic blue whales has been estimated through surveys conducted by international and national programs. This study estimated the abundance of Antarctic blue whales south of 60°S from 70°E to 170°W using data collected during Japanese national surveys. Furthermore, using this information and existing abundance estimates from the IDCR‐SOWER surveys conducted by the International Whaling Commission, we estimated and forecasted the population trajectory of the Antarctic blue whale since the beginning of its exploitation using Bayesian state‐space surplus production models. The abundance estimate for 2009 was 476, 95% CI [242, 972], corresponding to 0.8%, 95% CI [0.3, 1.9] of the prewhaling levels, and the intrinsic growth rate in this population was low at 0.042, 95% CI [0.009, 0.093]. This analysis suggests that the population size in this region is lower than that during prewhaling. The input of new abundance estimates in the future is expected to accurately estimate population dynamics compared with the current assessment.
Detection of atrial fibrillation and sinus pause in embolic stroke of undetermined sources by chest strap‐style 7‐day Holter monitoring
Authors: Toi Sono , Hosoya Megumi , Ishizuka Kentaro , Hoshino Takao , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLong‐time monitoring of electrocardiogram with an implantable loop recorder is useful for detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in ESUS patients. However, usefulness of noninvasive 7‐day Holter monitoring has not been established. Furthermore, the incidence of other arrhythmias such as sinus pause (SP) remains unknown.Aim(1) The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of 7‐day Holter monitoring to detect PAF in both acute and chronic periods since index stroke and (2) to clarify the incidence of SP in ESUS patients.MethodsProspectively, a total of 738 patients including 241 consecutive ESUS patients were enrolled, from April 2016 to March 2021. One hundred forty patients among 241 consecutive ESUS patients underwent chest strap‐style 7‐day Holter monitor. We examined PAF and SP (≧3 s).ResultsThe 7‐day Holter monitoring started since index stroke at a median of 17 days. Among 80 patients within 1 month since index stroke, PAF was detected in three patients (3.8%) and SP was in two patients (2.5%). By contrast, among 52 patients over 1 month since index stroke, PAF was found in only one patients (1.9%).ConclusionAlthough the incidence of PAF detected with this monitoring was low (3.8%) in ESUS patients, SP was also found in 2.5% within 1 month since index stroke. Within 1 month since stroke onset in ESUS patients, 7‐day Holter monitoring would be useful for detection of PAF and SP that would be potentially a cardiac source of embolism and might require urgent intervention.
Drusen‐aware model for age‐related macular degeneration recognition
Authors: Pan Junjun , Ho Sharon , Ly Angelica , Kalloniatis Michael , Sowmya Arcot 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to build an automated age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) colour fundus photography (CFP) recognition method that incorporates confounders (other ocular diseases) and normal age‐related changes by using drusen masks for spatial feature supervision.MethodsA range of clinical sources were used to acquire 7588 CFPs. Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalisation was used for pre‐processing. ResNet50 was used as the backbone network, and a spatial attention block was added to integrate prior knowledge of drusen features into the backbone. The evaluation metrics used were sensitivity, specificity and F1 score, which is the harmonic mean of precision and recall (sensitivity) and area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (AUC). Fivefold cross‐validation was performed, and the results compared with four other methods.ResultsExcellent discrimination results were obtained with the algorithm. On the public dataset (n = 6565), the proposed method achieved a mean (SD) sensitivity of 0.54 (0.09), specificity of 0.99 (0.00), F1 score of 0.62 (0.06) and AUC of 0.92 (0.02). On the private dataset (n = 1023), the proposed method achieved a sensitivity of 0.92 (0.02), specificity of 0.98 (0.01), F1 score of 0.92 (0.01) and AUC of 0.98 (0.01).ConclusionThe proposed drusen‐aware model outperformed baseline and other vessel feature‐based methods in F1 and AUC on the AMD/normal CFP classification task and achieved comparable results on datasets that included other diseases that often confound classification. The method also improved results when a five‐category grading protocol was used, thereby reflecting discriminative ability of the algorithm within a real‐life clinical setting.
Long Noncoding RNA PCGEM1 Facilitates Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma by Sponging miR‐433‐3p and Targeting OMA1
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Yuanjin , Sun Farui , Zhang Guofu , Pan Xi‐an , Zhou Qian 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveOsteosarcoma (OS) is regarded as one of the most common malignant bone tumors, mainly occurring in children and adolescents with high mortality. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is reported to regulate tumor development and be closely related to patient prognosis. Nevertheless, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) prostate‐specific transcript 1 (PCGEM1) in OS remains uncharacterized. The current study aimed to explore the role of PCGEM1 in OS.MethodsReverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was performed to examine the expression of PCGEM1 in OS cell lines. CCK‐8, colony formation, Transwell, and western blotting analyses were applied to measure OS cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) after PCGEM1 downregulation. Nuclear‐cytoplasmic fractionation, RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the relationship among PCGEM1, miR‐433‐3p. and OMA1 in OS. The xenograft tumor models were established to evaluate the effect of PCGEM1 on tumor growth of OS.ResultsIn this study, we discovered that PCGEM1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in OS (P < 0.05). Additionally, PCGEM1 directly bound to miR‐433‐3p (P < 0.01). OMA1 was confirmed to be a target gene of miR‐433‐3p (P < 0.05), positively regulated by PCGEM1 but negatively regulated by miR‐433‐3p. Rescue assays further verified that overexpression of OMA1 reversed the PCGEM1 knockdown‐mediated inhibitory effect on the malignant phenotype in OS cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, knockdown of PCGEM1 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, PCGEM1 mediated tumor growth and metastasis of OS by sponging miR‐433‐3p and regulating OMA1, which might provide an innovative strategy for OS diagnosis or treatment.
Leukocyte Esterase Strip Quantitative Detection Based on RGB Photometry is a Probable Method to Diagnose Periprosthetic Joint Infection: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Zheng Qing‐yuan , Ren Peng , Cheng Long , Liu Hao , Zhao Runkai , Lv Yicun , Geng Zongjie , Lu Kuan , Ni Ming , Zhang Guo‐qiang 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveLeucocyte esterase (LE) strip test is the most rapid, convenient, and cheap method to diagnose chronic periprosthesis joint infection (PJI). However, the determination of LE strip mainly relies on colorimetric method with strong subjectivity, which leads to low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we try to convert LE strip images into digital data through the RGB photometric system to achieve objective diagnosis. This method will greatly improve the accuracy of LE strip detection and diagnosis of PJI.MethodsFrom January 2021 to September 2021, 46 patients with suspected PJI after total hip and knee arthroplasty underwent diagnostic joint puncture. After effective joint fluid samples were harvested, they were divided into original fluid and centrifuged fluid for LE strip detection. Real‐time images of LE strip were taken at 90 s, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min after sampling, and their brightness (Y) was obtained after they were input into an RGB photometric system. Grouping was based on centrifugation, infection, and time points, and then the differences in brightness among groups were compared. The correlation between LE strip image brightness and WBC count was evaluated. Student t‐test was used for the parametric data and chi‐square test for qualitative data. Simple linear regression was utilized to analyze the correlation between brightness and WBC count in each group.ResultsIncluded were 19 cases of PJI and 27 Non‐PJI subjects diagnosed against ICM2018 diagnostic criteria. The brightness was lower in the PJI group than in Non‐PJI group (p < 0.05). The brightness of the uncentrifuged group was lower than that of the centrifuged group (p < 0.05). Irrespective of centrifugation or infection, the brightness of LE strip decreased with the exposure time after sampling. The brightness of LE strip was correlated with WBC count at different time points, with the correlation being strongest 5 min after sampling (R2 (5 min) = 0.86, p < 0.0001). The correlation between LE strip brightness and WBC count was also found in the centrifugation group, with the correlation being most robust 15 min after sampling (R2 (15 min) = 0.73, p < 0.0001).ConclusionA remarkable correlation was found between LE strip brightness and the WBC count. It is feasible to directly quantify LE strip image on a RGB photometer to achieve quantitative detection of LE strip to diagnose PJI.
Single Motherhood and Multigenerational Coresidence in Europe
Authors: Hogendoorn Bram , Härkönen Juho 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSingle motherhood has increased throughout Europe. Single mothers assume the dual role of provider and caregiver and often need external support from public policies or kin to meet their needs. Research has focused primarily on public policies, disregarding the role of kin support—and of multigenerational coresidence in particular. This study provides the first detailed description of single mothers’ multigenerational coresidence in Europe. To do so, we combine census and survey microdata from 31 European countries. The data reveal large geographic variation in single mothers’ coresidence. Whereas coresidence is a rare and temporary living arrangement in Northern and Western Europe, it is common and more permanent in Southern, Central, and especially Eastern Europe. At the same time, coresidence has declined in almost all countries with data from the past half‐century. These findings suggest large and persistent variation in kin support for single mothers and thus question the assumption of its marginal role in Europe.
Error traps in the perioperative care of children with chronic pain
Authors: D'souza Genevieve , Walia Anureet , Agarwal Rita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPediatric patients with a history of chronic pain frequently have complex health needs that are challenging to meet in the perioperative period. Error traps are consequences or errors that are known to occur due to either gaps in knowledge or cognitive errors. Avoiding common error traps in these children can contribute to improved patient care and patient outcomes and overall better patient and family satisfaction. In patients with chronic pain, common errors during their perioperative care included as follows: failure to adequately prepare the patient and family; failure to incorporate past pain history and therapy into current treatment plans; failure to provide adequate multimodal analgesia; and failure to provide multidisciplinary and multimodal analgesia by incorporating other services such as mental health services and physical therapy. Cognitive errors may play a role in these error traps. Recognizing and avoiding them may improve and optimize pain care and outcome.
Caring for a friend or family member who has experienced suicidal behaviour: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Marshall Paul , Sansom Keith , Jagfeld Glorianna , Jones Steven , Lobban Fiona 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeFriends and family members can be important sources of support for people who are or have been suicidal. This review aimed to synthesise qualitative evidence regarding carers' perspectives of supporting someone who has experienced suicidal behaviour.MethodsFive electronic databases (Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and SocINDEX) were searched from inception to May 2022. Eligible qualitative studies were published in English and investigated the caring experiences of friends or family members of people who had experienced suicidal behaviour, defined as any form of suicidal ideation and/or attempts. Studies focused on non‐suicidal self‐injury or suicide bereavement were excluded. Data from 19 eligible studies were analysed using thematic synthesis.ResultsInitial carer reactions to suicidal behaviour included profound anxiety and intensive monitoring for signs of increased suicide risk amongst those they supported. Carers also reported significant challenges with understanding how to provide effective interpersonal support following suicidal crises. Professional support was perceived to be most effective when provided in a timely, interpersonally sensitive and safety‐focused manner. However, several studies detailed carers' difficulties accessing appropriate support and challenges managing their own distress.ConclusionsCarers face significant challenges with knowing how to respond to suicidal behaviour, where to find appropriate help, and how to manage their own distress. Future research should seek to investigate the effectiveness of easily accessible methods of information provision and support tailored for carers of people who have experienced suicidal behaviour.
Genomic insight into changes of root architecture under drought stress in maize
Authors: Li Chunhui , Guo Jian , Wang Dongmei , Chen Xiaojing , Guan Honghui , Li Yongxiang , Zhang Dengfeng , Liu Xuyang , He Guanhua , Wang Tianyu , Li Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrought stress is a central environmental factor that severely limits maize production worldwide. Root architecture plays an important role in drought tolerance and can be targeted in breeding programmes. Here, we conducted phenotyping of root architecture under different water treatments for 373 maize inbred lines, representative germplasm from both China and the United States in different breeding eras. We found that seminal root length in response to drought stress experienced convergent increase during breeding in both countries. Using a genome‐wide association study, we identified a total of 221 associated loci underlying 13 root traits under well‐watered and water‐stressed conditions. These loci harboured many reported root‐ and abiotic stress‐related genes. Furthermore, a total of 75 strong candidate genes were prioritised by integrating candidate genes associated with seminal root length and differentially expressed genes in seminal root. One of high‐confidence candidate genes, ZmCIPK3 was functionally characterised and probably plays a role in enhancing drought tolerance through regulating seminal root growth. This study provides valuable information for genetic improvement of root architecture and drought tolerance in maize.
Determining maximum shipping age requirements for shelf life and food waste management
Authors: Akkas Arzum , Honhon Dorothee 
Published: February 2023

Products approaching the end of their shelf life on retail store shelves are more likely to result in food waste. For this reason, manufacturers establish shipping policies related to the age of the products that leave their warehouses, that is, they set a maximum age beyond which shipping to retail stores is no longer allowed. In practice, most existing policies are simple one‐size‐fits‐all rules that do not accommodate the varying characteristics of the products. We offer a framework that manufacturers can use to determine maximum shipping age thresholds based on a Markov chain model, where the objective is to maximize profit, net of the cost of expiration at the warehouse and retail stores. We derive analytical insights about the impact of a shipping age threshold on food waste in the supply chain and obtain sufficient conditions under which a maximum shipping age threshold is suboptimal within the class of Ship‐Oldest‐First (a.k.a. First‐In‐First‐Out) issuing policies. We also numerically investigate the relationship between different system parameters (e.g., demand rate, waste cost at warehouse and retail, warehouse inventory, total shelf life) and the optimal shipping age threshold. Using real data from our industry collaborator, we compute the optimal shipping age thresholds at the stock‐keeping‐unit (SKU) level for over 450 products and find that 9–10% of the SKUs currently have suboptimal shipping age thresholds. This presents an opportunity to improve profits by up to 8.7% and reduce food waste by up to 14.7%. These improvements correspond to up to $292,561 savings and 1846 truckloads of waste reduction annually. Our framework can be adopted by any firm and satisfies a much emphasized need in industry to control food waste through shelf life management.
Characterisation of personalised air pollution exposure in pregnant women participating in a birth cohort study
Authors: Ghassabian Akhgar , Afanasyeva Yelena , Yu Keunhyung , Gordon Terry , Liu Mengling , Trasande Leonardo ,   program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAir pollution is a health risk in pregnant women and children. Despite the importance of refined exposure assessment, the characterisation of personalised air pollution exposure remains a challenge in paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.ObjectiveWe used portable personal air monitors to characterise personalised exposure to air pollutants in pregnant women.MethodsBetween November 2019 and May 2022, we offered personal air monitors to pregnant women participating in a birth cohort in New York City. During pregnancy, women used air monitors, which measured particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and volatile organic compounds (average use = 14 days). Data were stored in real‐time on a secure database via synchronisation with a smartphone application. Of 497 women who agreed to use air monitors, 273 women (55%) were successful in using air monitors for longer than a day. For these participants, we identified daily patterns of exposure to air pollutants using functional principal component analysis (3827 days of air monitoring).ResultsCompared to women with no pollution data (n = 224), women who successfully used monitors were more likely to be non‐Hispanic White and Asian (vs. Hispanic), nulliparous, unemployed, married/partnered, and received the device in‐person (vs. mailed). We identified different daily patterns of exposure to air pollutants. The most dominant pattern for all pollutants was low exposure levels with little variations within 24 h, followed by a pattern that showed differences between day and night levels. NO2 had higher daily variations compared to PM.ConclusionsSmall wearables are useful for the measurement of personalised air pollution exposure in birth cohorts and identify daily patterns that cannot be captured otherwise. Successful participation, however, depends on certain individual characteristics. Future studies should consider strategies in design and analysis to account for selective participation.
Constructing Sebastiano del Piombo: Pietro Aretino and the Artistic Landscape of Clementine Rome☆
Authors: Baker‐Bates Piers 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSebastiano del Piombo's heyday in Rome coincided with that of Pietro Aretino, and they benefitted there from the same patrons, first Agostino Chigi and then Cardinal Giulio de’ Medici. Both men flourished especially, in the brief 4 years of the pontificate of Giulio, between his election as Pope Clement VII and the traumatic Sack of 1527, although Aretino had already had to leave the city in 1525. Aretino is now most famous as the friend and supporter of Titian but perhaps his first close relationship with an artist had been with Sebastiano in Rome. The magnificent but damaged portrait, still in Arezzo, 20 years before that by Titian bears enduring witness to this. There has been much recent work on Aretino's relationship with the fine arts, culminating in the curtailed Uffizi exhibition in 2019/2020 and its concomitant publications, but relatively little on this relationship that was so significant for both men. This essay will consider that relationship, particularly in relation to the urban development of Rome in these years, how the careers of both men covered the rise and fall of ‘High Renaissance’ Rome and will problematize the continuing use of that term. It will also address the circles of influence that sustained both men's careers at Rome, in terms not only of their patrons but also of their contemporaries.
Adapting to the new normal: A sustainable livelihood framework for the informal sectors during COVID‐19
Authors: Nguyen‐Anh Tuan , Leu Shawn , Nguyen‐Thi‐Phuong Anh , Ngo‐Dang Thanh , To‐The Nguyen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe extraordinary COVID‐19 outbreak has heightened the existential dangers to the informal sector. This study explores the informal sector's tactics in Vietnam for mitigating the pandemic's effects and better adapting to the new normal. Using a sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) and multivariate model for ordered choices (MVOC) to conduct surveys on 513 subjects from the informal labor, our findings indicate that financial management is the most prevalent technique for mitigating the effects of COVID‐19. Notably, the perception of the COVID‐19 pandemic's impact on income and health is crucial to the adoption of mitigation efforts. The Vietnamese government, State Bank, and financial institutions should provide more help to the informal sector, particularly those operating in remote locations so that they can increase their resilience through mitigating measures. In parallel, the informal sector should participate in more deliberate forward mitigation planning in the anticipation of inevitable future shocks.