bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of thermomechanical aging on the retention of a conometric system in a chewing simulator
Authors: Al‐Chalabi Zainab S. , Tuna Süleyman H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the retention force of a novel conometric system after thermomechanical aging. In addition, the conometric system's retention force was compared with that of the cemented implant‐retained crowns.Materials and methodsTwo systems to retain implant crowns were tested in this study: a conometric system and a cement‐retained system. Forty‐eight zirconia crowns were fabricated using computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing technology. Twenty‐four zirconia crowns were cemented onto conometric caps with resin‐modified glass ionomer cement, which were then connected with abutments. These specimens were divided into three groups, and each group was subjected to the pull‐out test. A‐control group: 12 specimens directly subjected to pull‐out test; A‐aged group: 12 specimens subjected to thermomechanical aging followed by pull‐out test; A‐repeat group: After the pull‐out, the specimens in the aging group (A‐aged) were reconnected, and the pull‐out test was repeated once more. The remaining 24 zirconia crowns were cemented on standard abutments with zinc phosphate cement, and two groups were formed. C‐control group: 12 specimens directly subjected to the pull‐out test; C‐aged group: 12 specimens subjected to thermomechanical aging followed by pull‐out. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the surfaces of caps and abutments. To analyze the data, repeated measures, one‐way ANOVA, and Bonferroni tests were used (p < 0.05).ResultsThe mean retention force value of the A‐control group was 148.22 ± 16.37 N. The highest mean retention force value was measured in the A‐aged group (204.93 ± 51.67 N), and the lowest mean retention force value was seen in the A‐repeated group (77.02 ± 21.48 N). Thermomechanical aging had a significant influence (p < 0.05) on both systems. No significant differences in retention force were found between the thermomechanical aged groups of both systems (p > 0.05). SEM analysis revealed that aging had an impact on the surface of the conometric system's caps and abutments.ConclusionsThe retention force of the conometric system increased significantly following thermomechanical aging. No crown separation occurred during the thermomechanical aging of the conometric system. There was no significant difference in the retention of the conometric and cemented systems after thermomechanical aging.
Broadband access within Medically Underserved Areas and its implication for telehealth utilization
Authors: Bell Nathaniel , Hung Peiyin , Lòpez‐De Fede Ana , Adams Swann A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThere is little information as to how America's broadband infrastructure might impact recent efforts to expand access to virtual care for underserved communities.ObjectiveTo examine potential and realized access to broadband internet services within Medically Underserved Areas (MUAs) that rely on community health care service providers for primary care.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 214,946 US Census Block Group estimates from the 2017 and 2019 American Community Survey and the corresponding Federal Communications Commission database. Changes in household broadband subscription rates and Healthy People 2020 access thresholds within MUAs were assessed.FindingsIn 2019, 24,304 MUA households (31.9%) met Healthy People 2020 targets for broadband subscription rates, compared to 64.4% of non‐MUA households (n = 89,285). On average, 74.7% of MUA households had a broadband internet subscription compared to 85.2% of non‐MUA households, whereas 61.1% (n = 46,635) of MUA households had access to broadband speeds of at least 25.0 Mbps, compared to 75.6% (n = 104,696) of non‐MUA households. Within urban households, there was a 0.8 to 1.3 to 1.6 annual percentage point convergence in MUA versus non‐MUA broadband disparities between across quintiles (P < .05). Rural MUA households showed little improvement in broadband access between 2017 and 2019.ConclusionsThere has been an overall convergence of broadband access disparities between MUA and non‐MUA households over time, but less improvements in access among the most rural households. Reimbursement for audio‐only telehealth visits by state Medicaid agencies would help drive down barriers to virtual health care options for populations residing in MUAs.
Worldwide estimation of restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence in the general adult population
Authors: Broström Anders , Alimoradi Zainab , Lind Jonas , Ulander Martin , Lundin Fredrik , Pakpour Amir 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression assessed the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in the general adult population. Studies identified in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo between January 2000 and February 2022 were included if they used a case–control or cross‐sectional design and reported data regarding the prevalence of RLS. The protocol was pre‐registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42022300709). A total of 97 studies including 483,079 participants from 33 different countries met the eligibility criteria. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality, and the fill‐and‐trim method was used to correct probable publication bias, while the jack‐knife method was performed to assess small study effect. The corrected overall pooled prevalence of RLS was 3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4%–3.8%). The pooled prevalence of RLS syndrome was affected by methodological quality (no data from non‐respondents in the included studies), gender (higher among women), study design (lower prevalence in case–control versus cohort and cross‐sectional studies). The figures for corrected pooled prevalence among men, women, alcohol consumers and smokers were 2.8% (95% CI 2%–3.7%); 4.7% (95% CI 3.2%–6.3%); 1.4% (95% CI 0%–4.2%); and 2.7% (95% CI 0%–5.3%), respectively. The prevalence among male and female participants was lower in community‐based versus non‐community‐based studies. Moreover, the prevalence was higher in developed versus developing countries and among elders versus adults. In conclusion, RLS is a common disorder in the general adult population, with a higher prevalence in women; however, prevalence data are affected by study design and quality.
All's well that ends well: the timing of floral meristem termination
Authors: Min Ya , Kramer Elena M. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryFloral meristem termination (FMT) represents one of the defining features of a floral meristem relative to a vegetative meristem. Timing of FMT is a major determinant of the total number of organs in a flower, and canalization toward relatively rapid FMT is considered to have been a major force in shaping angiosperm evolution. For decades, investigation of FMT has been focused on model systems that only produce four whorls of organs in a flower, while little is known about the molecular basis that underlies nature variation in the timing of FMT. Here, we hypothesize on how known pathways could have been modified to generate variation in FMT and explain how developing new model systems will help to deepen our understanding of the genetic control and evolution of FMT.
Artificial nanovesicles for dsRNA delivery in spray‐induced gene silencing for crop protection
Authors: Qiao Lulu , Niño‐Sánchez Jonatan , Hamby Rachael , Capriotti Luca , Chen Angela , Mezzetti Bruno , Jin Hailing 
Published: January 2023

SummarySpray‐induced gene silencing (SIGS) is an innovative and eco‐friendly technology where topical application of pathogen gene‐targeting RNAs to plant material can enable disease control. SIGS applications remain limited because of the instability of RNA, which can be rapidly degraded when exposed to various environmental conditions. Inspired by the natural mechanism of cross‐kingdom RNAi through extracellular vesicle trafficking, we describe herein the use of artificial nanovesicles (AVs) for RNA encapsulation and control against the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. AVs were synthesized using three different cationic lipid formulations, DOTAP + PEG, DOTAP and DODMA, and examined for their ability to protect and deliver double stranded RNA (dsRNA). All three formulations enabled dsRNA delivery and uptake by B. cinerea. Further, encapsulating dsRNA in AVs provided strong protection from nuclease degradation and from removal by leaf washing. This improved stability led to prolonged RNAi‐mediated protection against B. cinerea both on pre‐ and post‐harvest plant material using AVs. Specifically, the AVs extended the protection duration conferred by dsRNA to 10 days on tomato and grape fruits and to 21 days on grape leaves. The results of this work demonstrate how AVs can be used as a new nanocarrier to overcome RNA instability in SIGS for crop protection.
Impact of floating row cover and sensor placement on strawberry anthracnose and Botrytis fruit rot risk assessment
Authors: Cosseboom Scott D. , Schoeneberg Anita , Lea‐Cox John D. , Samtani Jayesh , Johnson Charles S. , Hu Mengjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 growing seasons, six trials at four sites in Maryland and Virginia, USA were conducted, with leaf wetness and temperature sensors placed at 2 m height at the edge of the field (elevated sensor placement) or at the canopy level (0.5 m) on strawberry beds (canopy sensor placement). Temperature and leaf wetness duration (LWD) data from these sensors were used as input for anthracnose fruit rot (AFR) and Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) infection risk models, and fungicide spray trials were conducted to evaluate the ability of these predictions to control AFR and BFR. On average, the canopy level sensors reported significantly (p < 0.05) longer LWD and higher temperature than elevated sensors during the fruit ripening period. The AFR and BFR risk calculated from the canopy sensors was also significantly higher than that from the elevated sensors. Fungicide spray programmes based on data from either canopy or elevated sensors resulted in fewer applications than weekly spray programmes, but the increased estimated risk based upon conditions within the canopy led to more applications than the elevated sensor treatment in four trials. In one trial with considerable incidence of BFR, plots that were sprayed based on the canopy sensor data controlled BFR significantly better than the elevated sensor spray programme. Springtime temperature, LWD, AFR risk and BFR risk were largely unaffected by autumn row cover deployment. The difference in temperature, LWD and AFR and BFR risk based on sensor placement warrants careful consideration of sensor placement when implementing a disease warning spray programme.
Mental fatigue changes from regular season to play‐offs in semiprofessional soccer: A comparison by training days
Authors: Díaz‐García Jesús , Filipas Luca , La Torre Antonio , Gómez‐Rivera Jorge , Rubio‐Morales Ana , García‐Calvo Tomás 
Published: January 2023

The main purpose was to compare by each training the mental load and fatigue reported by semiprofessional soccer players comparing between regular season phase and the play‐offs. Fifty‐three players (Mage = 24.59 years) for two teams participated during the 2020/21 season. Mental load was measured with a Likert questionnaire. Mental fatigue was quantified with a Visual Analogue Scale. Four trainings were recorded each week (Monday = MD+1, Wednesday = MD‐4, Thursday = MD‐3 and Saturday = MD‐1), with a competitive match on Sunday across 10 weeks (five dates of regular season – five dates of play‐offs). A Linear Mixed Model was performed with R‐studio, using the training days and the competitive phase as independent variables. The influence of time played as co‐variable was also checked. Results showed MD+1 as the more mentally fatiguing day in both phases, although MD‐4 were the training with higher mental load reported (p = 0.001). Comparing phases, mental fatigue was significantly higher during the play‐offs (p = 0.037). With regard time played, players that did not usually play showed a decrease in mental load during the play‐offs. Then, we recommend coaches to use recovery strategies for mental fatigue, avoid mentally fatiguing tasks close to competition and considerer the time played as a factor which may contribute to individual differences in player mental fatigue.
Role of cytomegalovirus specific cell‐mediated immunity in the monitoring of cytomegalovirus infection among living donor liver transplantation adult recipients: A single‐center experience
Authors: Bhugra Arjun , Khodare Arvind , Agarwal Reshu , Pamecha Viniyendra , Gupta Ekta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common post‐transplant viral infections causing significant morbidity and occasional mortality. Limited literature on the potential role of pre‐transplant CMV‐specific cell‐mediated immunity (CMV‐CMI) is available. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of pre‐transplant CMV‐CMI monitoring in the occurrence of post‐transplant CMV infection.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study where all adult CMV seropositive patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation at a tertiary care institute were enrolled. CMV‐CMI was measured using QuantiFERON‐CMV (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and interpreted as positive if the value was ≥0.2 IU/ml, 1–2 days prior to the transplant. Based on pre‐transplant CMV‐CMI, cases were classified into Group 1 (n = 13, 43.3%) (positive) and Group 2 (n = 17, 56.7%) (negative). CMV infection was defined as the detection of CMV‐DNA > 2.7 log10 IU/ml in plasma specimens.ResultsThe mean age was 43 years with male (n = 29, 96.9%) predominance. Overall 40% of recipients developed post‐transplant CMV infection, two (15.4%) in group 1 and 10 (58.8%) in group 2 (p‐value = 0.016). Recipients in group 2 had 87% higher odds (odds ratio 0.13, confidence interval [CI] 95) of developing post‐transplant CMV infection compared to group 1. The overall median duration of occurrence of post‐transplant CMV infection was 26 days with the median viral load being 2.8 log10 IU/ml. The treatment duration was 13 days in group 1 and 28 days in group 2 (p = 0.003). Group 1 recipients showed rapid clearance of CMV‐DNA within 7 days compared to group 2 in which it was 21 days (p = 0.004, CI 95).ConclusionPre‐transplant CMV‐CMI may play a protective role against post‐transplant CMV infection and can serve as an adjunct for pre‐transplant risk stratification.
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The Arabidopsis D27‐LIKE1 is a cis/cis/trans‐β‐carotene isomerase that contributes to Strigolactone biosynthesis and negatively impacts ABA level
Authors: Yang Yu , Abuauf Haneen , Song Shanshan , Wang Jian You , Alagoz Yagiz , Moreno Juan C. , Mi Jianing , Ablazov Abdugaffor , Jamil Muhammad , Ali Shawkat , Zheng Xiongjie , Balakrishna Aparna , Blilou Ikram , Al‐Babili Salim 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYThe enzyme DWARF27 (D27) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of all‐trans‐ into 9‐cis‐β‐carotene, initiating strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis. Genomes of higher plants encode two D27‐homologs, D27‐like1 and ‐like2, with unknown functions. Here, we investigated the enzymatic activity and biological function of the Arabidopsis D27‐like1. In vitro enzymatic assays and expression in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 revealed an unreported 13‐cis/15‐cis/9‐cis‐ and a 9‐cis/all‐trans‐β‐carotene isomerization. Although disruption of AtD27‐like1 did not cause SL deficiency phenotypes, overexpression of AtD27‐like1 in the d27 mutant restored the more‐branching phenotype, indicating a contribution of AtD27‐like1 to SL biosynthesis. Accordingly, generated d27 d27like1 double mutants showed a more pronounced branching phenotype compared to d27. The contribution of AtD27‐like1 to SL biosynthesis is likely a result of its formation of 9‐cis‐β‐carotene that was present at higher levels in AtD27‐like1 overexpressing lines. By contrast, AtD27‐like1 expression correlated negatively with the content of 9‐cis‐violaxanthin, a precursor of ABA, in shoots. Consistently, ABA levels were higher in shoots and also in dry seeds of the d27like1 and d27 d27like1 mutants. Transgenic lines expressing GUS driven by the AtD27LIKE1 promoter and transcript analysis of hormone‐treated Arabidopsis seedlings revealed that AtD27LIKE1 is expressed in different tissues and affects ABA and auxin. Taken together, our work reports a cis/cis‐β‐carotene isomerase that affects the content of both cis‐carotenoid‐derived plant hormones, ABA and SLs.
Survival in adult patients with chronic primary and secondary immune thrombocytopenia: A population‐based study
Authors: Mannering Nikolaj , Hansen Dennis Lund , Pottegård Anton , Frederiksen Henrik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated long‐term survival in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP). Further, changes in prognosis over the past decades and prognosis of secondary immune thrombocytopenia (sITP) are largely unstudied. Our objectives were to study comorbidity‐adjusted prognostic changes and causes of death in chronic pITP and sITP patients.Study Design/MethodsUsing nationwide Danish health registries 1980–2016, we identified 1762 patients with chronic pITP (median age 58 (IQR, 37–73) years) and 128 with chronic sITP (median age 59 (IQR, 40–73) years). Patients were age‐sex‐matched to 74,781 general population comparators.Comorbidity was assessed using Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).ResultsOverall median survival was reduced by 5.1 years (95% CI, 0.7–9.4) (p < .001) for pITP and 11.1 years (95% CI, 5.8–16.4) (p < .001) for sITP. 5‐year survival increased from 69% (95% CI, 59–78) in 1980–89 to 80% (95% CI, 75–83) in 2010–16 for pITP, and decreased from 100% (95% CI, 89–98) to 64% (95% CI, 87–91) for sITP. However, numbers were small for sITP. 5‐year survival for pITP with high CCI was 41% (95% CI, 32–49), and 85% (95% CI, 83–87) for low CCI.Bleeding, infection and hematological cancer were relatively frequent causes of death with adjusted subhazard ratios of 3.25 (95% CI, 2.33–4.52), 1.53 (95% CI, 1.08–2.16) and 2.16 (95% CI, 1.12–4.16) in pITP respectively, and 10.52 (95% CI, 1.43–77.36) for hematological cancer in sITP.ConclusionsLong‐term survival is reduced in chronic ITP but seems to be improving. Comorbidity and sITP are associated with a poor prognosis.
Study of Salmonella detection in laying hens using a Bayesian model
Authors: Arnold Mark , Lawes Joanna , Davies Robert H. , Evans Sarah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs part of the measures to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella in poultry in the UK, National Control Programmes (NCPs) have been implemented. These involve regular statutory testing of poultry holdings to monitor and estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in the national flock population and to control Salmonella on holdings with positive flocks, especially those serovars most identified with human illness: Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and S. Typhimurium (ST). It is very important to ensure that the level of testing is appropriate so that it is sufficiently effective to identify positive flocks and to monitor prevalence, but also efficient in the use of resources. The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of both the Operator and Competent Authority (CA) Official sampling used to detect infected flocks, and to also estimate the true proportion of infected holdings of commercial laying flocks in GB each year of the NCP, along with the trend of any changes in prevalence for both SE/ST and non‐SE/ST. A Bayesian model was developed to estimate the sensitivity of both Operator and CA Official sampling from the NCP data 2009–2018, and to estimate the true prevalence of infected holdings. The model estimate for the prevalence of infected holdings for the first complete year of the NCP was 3.9% (95% Credible Interval (CI) 2.8–6.2%) for non‐SE/ST and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4%–1.5%) for SE/ST. Prevalence had reduced to 1.6% (non‐SE/ST) (95% CI 1.0%–2.5%) and 0.2% (SE/ST) (95% CI 0.1%–0.4%) in 2018. Results indicated a very low sensitivity of Operator sampling (~9%), but a much higher sensitivity of CA Official sampling (~44%). The true prevalence of Salmonella infected holdings in the UK had a mean average reduction of 10.6% (95% CI: 6.3%–15.1%) per annum (non‐SE/ST) and 15.9% (95% CI: 6.0%–19.8%) annual reduction for SE/ST. This has shown the effectiveness of the NCP for Salmonella in commercial laying flocks, with reductions in Salmonella overall more or less equal to the target reduction for regulated serovars of 10% per annum. The true prevalence of SE/ST was estimated to be below the final target of less than 2% in every year and was below 0.5% at the end of the 10 year period.
Effect of Electric Current and Graphite Content on the Wear Behaviors of Copper/Graphite Composites
Authors: Zhu Rui , Zuo Xue , Zhou Yuankai , Xie Wenxin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The reasonable electric current and graphite content will slow down the wear failure of friction pair and prolong the service life of slip ring. To study the wear behaviors of copper/graphite composites under different currents, the composites with graphite contents of 30%, 25%, 20%, and 15%, denoted as CG30, CG25, CG20, and CG15, were prepared as the material of slip ring. A series of friction and wear tests were carried out, and wear topography and friction vibration were measured. With the increase of electric current, the wear mechanism of CG30 is adhesive wear, and that of CG25 changes from adhesive wear to combined effect of adhesive wear and arc ablation. The anti-wear effect of CG30 is better than CG25. However, the ability of arc suppression of CG25 is better than that of CG30. Therefore, in order to improve the service life of slip rings, it is recommended to choose the composite CG25.