bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molekulare Pinzetten als Breitbandinhibitor viraler Infektionen
Authors: Weil Tatjana , Münch Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic once again highlighted the constant threat posed by viruses. Specific therapeutics are highly warranted, but their development is time consuming and cost intensive. Broad-spectrum antivirals provide a promising option for fast application to treat circulating or newly emerged viruses. Here, we introduce molecular tweezers as broad-spectrum antivirals, which abrogate viral infection by directly targeting the viral membrane. Furthermore, we discuss the current stage of tweezer development to fight SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.
Bakterielle Cellulose — ein Netzwerk gestaltet von drei Cellulosesynthasen
Authors: Bimmer Martin , Liebl Wolfgang , Ehrenreich Armin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBesides plants also some bacterial genera are able to synthesize cellulose in remarkably high quantities. Bacterial cellulose from the acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter hansenii has a big advantage supporting its use as multifunctional and sustainable material — it is free of non-cellulosic components, unlike cellulose of plant origin. Based on marker-free in frame deletions, we propose a model where cellulose fibers released by the main cellulose synthase (BcsAB1) are modified by two additional cellulose synthases.
Mechanismen und Herausforderungen des Bewegungssehens
Authors: Thurn Freya , Silies Marion 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotion cues are essential to guide animal behavior. The emergence of direction-selective signals, a hallmark of motion vision, has long been considered a paradigmatic computation. The core circuits underlying motion computation have recently been solved. This now allows us to investigate how visual circuits handle dynamic changes in the environment, such as keeping vision stable while encountering fast changes in luminance, or the encoding of complex motion patterns generated by self-motion.
Upregulation of TMEM40 is associated with the malignant behavior and promotes tumor progression in cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Fei , Liu Fang , Zhang Han-Rong , Liu Bing , Zheng Shu-Qian , Ye Wan-Qian , Ding Jia-Nan , Zhou Ze-Jie , Luo Hui-Xian , Wu Fang , Guo Xuan-Min , Zhou Jue-Yu , Guo Yong-Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
Recent studies indicated that transmembrane protein 40 (TMEM40) is associated with several types of cancers but is not clear in cervical cancer (CC). The study aimed to examine the role of TMEM40 in CC and related mechanisms.

Methods
The expression of TMEM40 in CC tissues and cell lines was studied with western blot and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of TMEM40 on proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assay. The migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis of CC cells were studied with wound healing, transwell assays and flow cytometry. Tumor growth was evaluated in vivo using a xenogenous subcutaneously implant model.

Results
The results revealed that the TMEM40 elevation in CC tissues and cell lines was closely correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis in clinical patients. Upregulation of TMEM40 with OE-TMEM40 vector promoted the invasion, migration and proliferation, inhibited the apoptosis and led to distinct S cell cycle arrest in CC cell lines. Silencing TMEM40 with shRNA inhibited the invasion, migration and proliferation, promoted apoptosis and led to a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in CC cell lines. Silence of TMEM40 downregulated the expression of c-MYC, Cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), but in contrast, activated p53 and several apoptosis related proteins such as p53, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and PARP1. In addition, TMEM40 silencing dramatically decreased tumor growth in mice models.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates that TMEM40 upregulation can be a potential prognostic biomarker and contribute to CC development.
Selection of straw waste reinforced sustainable polymer composite using a multi-criteria decision-making approach
Authors: Singh Tej , Fekete Imre , Jakab Sándor Kálmán , Lendvai László 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe valorization of straw waste as a sustainable and eco-friendly resource in polymer composites is critical for resource recycling and environmental preservation. Therefore, many research works are being carried out regarding the development of wheat straw-based polymer composites to identify the reinforcing potential of these sustainable resources. In this study, three different sizes of wheat straw fibers (60–120 mesh, 35–60 mesh, and 18–35 mesh) were used, and their different ratios (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% by weight) were systematically investigated for the physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene-based sustainable composites. The results indicated that the evaluated composites’ properties are strongly dependent on the quantity and size of the utilized wheat straw. Therefore, a preference selection index was applied to rank the developed sustainable polymer composites to select the best composition. Various properties of the composite materials were considered as criteria for ranking the alternatives, namely tensile strength and modulus, flexural stress at conventional deflection and flexural modulus, impact strength, density, water absorption, material cost, and carbon footprint. The decision-making analysis suggests the alternative with wheat straw content of 20 wt.% (35–60 mesh size) dominating the performance by maximizing the beneficial criteria and minimizing the non-beneficial criteria, making it the most suitable alternative. This study will significantly help formulation designers to deal with the amount and size issues when developing polymeric composites.
Theorizing seafarers’ participation and learning in an evolving maritime workplace: an activity theory perspective
Authors: Narayanan Saratkumar C. , Emad Gholam Reza , Fei Jiangang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) or simply activity theory (AT) as a suitable framework to theorize seafarers’ learning in a technologically evolving shipboard environment. The recent increase in the digitalization and automation onboard ships is introduced with the aim of enhancing maritime safety and efficiency. However, maritime incidents and accidents continue to occur when seafarers overwhelmed by the complexity of novel technologies and automated tools, often fail to recognize and timely respond to developing hazards. The fundamental changes in the shipboard workplaces and the seafarers’ need for interaction with smart tools calls for a fresh look at cognitive and learning processes and situated action onboard ships. The activity theory provides a theoretical lens that affords a holistic, socio-technical perspective on the inter-dependent elements of a collective shipboard learning activity system. Any misalignment among the elements of this activity system or between itself and other relevant activity systems may result in contradictions. Resolving such contradictions becomes essential for achieving the desired outcome, i.e., competent seafarers who can safely operate highly digitalized future ships.
Ion–Electron Coupling Enables Ionic Thermoelectric Material with New Operation Mode and High Energy Density
Authors: He Yongjie , Li Shaowei , Chen Rui , Liu Xu , Odunmbaku George Omololu , Fang Wei , Lin Xiaoxue , Ou Zeping , Gou Qianzhi , Wang Jiacheng , Ouedraogo Nabonswende Aida Nadege , Li Jing , Li Meng , Li Chen , Zheng Yujie , Chen Shanshan , Zhou Yongli , Sun Kuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIonic thermoelectrics (i-TE) possesses great potential in powering distributed electronics because it can generate thermopower up to tens of millivolts per Kelvin. However, as ions cannot enter external circuit, the utilization of i-TE is currently based on capacitive charge/discharge, which results in discontinuous working mode and low energy density. Here, we introduce an ion–electron thermoelectric synergistic (IETS) effect by utilizing an ion–electron conductor. Electrons/holes can drift under the electric field generated by thermodiffusion of ions, thus converting the ionic current into electrical current that can pass through the external circuit. Due to the IETS effect, i-TE is able to operate continuously for over 3000 min. Moreover, our i-TE exhibits a thermopower of 32.7 mV K−1 and an energy density of 553.9 J m−2, which is more than 6.9 times of the highest reported value. Consequently, direct powering of electronics is achieved with i-TE. This work provides a novel strategy for the design of high-performance i-TE materials.
Skin-Inspired Ultra-Tough Supramolecular Multifunctional Hydrogel Electronic Skin for Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Chen Kun , Liang Kewei , Liu He , Liu Ruonan , Liu Yiying , Zeng Sijia , Tian Ye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultifunctional supramolecular ultra-tough bionic e-skin with unique durability for human–machine interaction in complex scenarios still remains challenging. Herein, we develop a skin-inspired ultra-tough e-skin with tunable mechanical properties by a physical cross-linking salting-freezing-thawing method. The gelling agent (β-Glycerophosphate sodium: Gp) induces the aggregation and binding of PVA molecular chains and thereby toughens them (stress up to 5.79 MPa, toughness up to 13.96 MJ m−3). Notably, due to molecular self-assembly, hydrogels can be fully recycled and reprocessed by direct heating (100 °C for a few seconds), and the tensile strength can still be maintained at about 100% after six recoveries. The hydrogel integrates transparency (> 60%), super toughness (up to 13.96 MJ m−3, bearing 1500 times of its own tensile weight), good antibacterial properties (E. coli and S. aureus), UV protection (Filtration: 80%–90%), high electrical conductivity (4.72 S m−1), anti-swelling and recyclability. The hydrogel can not only monitor daily physiological activities, but also be used for complex activities underwater and message encryption/decryption. We also used it to create a complete finger joint rehabilitation system with an interactive interface that dynamically presents the user’s health status. Our multifunctional electronic skin will have a profound impact on the future of new rehabilitation medical, human–machine interaction, VR/AR and the metaverse fields.
Vitality loss of beech: a serious threat to Fagus sylvatica in Germany in the context of global warming
Authors: Langer Gitta Jutta , Bußkamp Johanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the light of ongoing climate change, European beech trees face a loss of vitality due to an expected increase in the frequency of droughts, exacerbated by prolonged periods of high temperatures and solar radiation. Such conditions increase the predisposition to European beech splendour beetle attacks, and trigger sunburn, fungal infections and complex diseases. As a result, European beech forests are seriously threatened by climate change. Following prolonged and repeated periods of exceptional drought since 2018, European beech decline have been observed in several regions of Germany and Europe. Vitality losses, in some cases severe, of due to the extraordinarily warm, dry summers of 2018 and 2019 have been observed and investigated in several regions of Germany. The first symptoms of vitality loss of European beech associated with severe signs of crown dieback were recorded in midsummer 2018. Mortality of branches and individual trees was often associated with sunburn, bark necrosis and bleeding spots of sap flux. The first signs of mortality were observed locally in predisposed stands in autumn 2018. The stem stability and break resistance of affected trees were significantly reduced. To elucidate the complex interactions involved, the occurrence of vitality loss of European beech and associated causative agents were examined in north-western Germany. Disease symptoms of individual trees were studied, associated fungi (endophytes, plant pathogens and saprobes) were isolated and identified. Frequent potentially severe pathogens included Neonectria coccinea, Diplodia corticola and D. mutila. The presented cases of disease were the first, where D. corticola was recorded on beech. In addition, inoculation tests were used to assess the potential roles of Botryosphaeria species in the observed symptomatology.
Lesson Enactments: Maintenance in Everyday Educational Practice
Authors: Mörtsell Sara 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article explores lesson enactments as co-constitutive of human-technology relationality in everyday schooling, rather than neutral backdrops for educational activities. In doing so, the article introduces maintenance as its key concept, drawing on insights from maintenance studies and actor-network theory (ANT). Being both theoretically and empirically informed, maintenance means reconsidering lessons, and digital technologies, as part of lively and vulnerable objects achieved in sociomaterial practices and not merely stable in function and use. The empirical case of lesson enactments comes from fieldwork with an upper secondary school in Sweden during Covid-19. The article analyses situations of maintenance with online class calls and scheduling meetings. Herein, lessons turn into a topic of concern and mechanisms of maintenance enact educational order and prevent disorder. The article demonstrates how putting maintenance to work articulates and identifies so far neglected and mundane practices with digital technology in education. In light of this, the article argues for recognising maintenance in educational practice as too long overshadowed by use, reinforced by a persistent user-technology dichotomy. Finally, the article discusses how maintenance invites reconsiderations of the dominant before-after debate that the Covid-19 pandemic attracts and calls attention to the mundane maintenance of lessons regardless of breakdowns.
Statistical signals of copying are robust to time- and space-averaging
Authors: Youngblood Mason , Miton Helena , Morin Olivier 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cattle brands (ownership marks left on animals) are subject to forces influencing other graphic codes: the copying of constituent parts, pressure for distinctiveness and pressure for complexity. The historical record of cattle brands in some US states is complete owing to legal registration, providing a unique opportunity to assess how sampling processes leading to time- and space-averaging influence our ability to make inferences from limited datasets in fields like archaeology. In this preregistered study, we used a dataset of ~81,000 Kansas cattle brands (1990–2016) to explore two aspects: (1) the relative influence of copying, pressure for distinctiveness and pressure for complexity on the creation and diffusion of brand components; and (2) the effects of time- and space-averaging on statistical signals. By conducting generative inference with an agent-based model, we found that the patterns in our data are consistent with copying and pressure for intermediate complexity. In addition, by comparing mixed and structured datasets, we found that these statistical signals of copying are robust to, and possibly boosted by, time- and space-averaging.
Projecting robot dynamics onto trajectories
Authors: Pfeiffer Friedrich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMachines and mechanisms realize processes, from the shaping process of a milling machine and the motion process of an automotive system to the trajectory realization of a robot. The dynamics of a machine generated by a properly chosen set of constraints in combination with an appropriate drive system is designed to meet the prescribed requirements of the process, which is done by projecting the machine equations of motion on the process dynamics. We get a set of nonlinear relations, which represent the machine motion in terms of the required process motion. A well-known example is the projection of arbitrary many robot degrees of freedom (DOFs) on a given path resulting in a set of nonlinear equations with one DOF only, the path coordinate s. Application of this idea can be used to construct a mobility space
$(\ddot{s}, \dot{s}, s)$
for any combination of coordinates and constraints. The paper presents a corresponding approach for n-link robots by applying multibody system theory. Method might be interesting for layout of machines and mechanisms. Practical aspects are discussed, and an example is given.
Surgical repair of the anomalous aortic origin of the coronary arteries: a single-center experience
Authors: Cicek Murat , Onalan Mehmet Akif , Ilker Yucel , Ozkok Sercin , Ozdemir Fatih , Yurdakok Okan , Aydemir Numan Ali , Sasmazel Ahmet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:Anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. The aim of this study was to present our experience with patients who underwent surgery for the anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery.Methods:This was a retrospective review of our experience with patients who had anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery from 2019 to 2022.Results:Seven patients were managed for anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery, including five males and two females. The median age of the patients were 16 years (IQR, 14.5–26 years). Five patients had anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery and two patients had anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery. Five patients were treated surgically, one patient refused surgical treatment despite myocardial ischaemia symptoms, and the other one was not operated because she had no symptoms. Two patients underwent pulmonary root anterior translocation and left main coronary artery unroofing procedure, one patient underwent right coronary artery unroofing procedure, one patient underwent pulmonary artery lateral translocation procedure, and the last patient underwent right coronary artery osteal translocation procedure. The post-operative mortality or myocardial infarction was not observed in any patient. Patients were followed for a median of 10 months (IQR, 6.75–20.5 months) after repair.Conclusion:The data suggest that surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery can be performed confidently and can be very effective for relieving myocardial ischaemia symptoms. Different surgical techniques can be used in anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery according to the course and origin of the coronary arteries. To the our knowledge, pulmonary root anterior translocation and coronary artery unroofing procedure were performed for the first time in the literature.
What's the ideal World Health Organization (WHO)?
Authors: Wenham Clare , Davies Sara E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) is tasked with the ‘attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health’, yet, it is widely struggling to meet this mandate, and COVID-19 has revealed significant limitations of the organisation. Despite clear guidance provided by the institution as to how best to respond to the pathogen, many governments departed from WHO's guidance in their response efforts. Is this a new crisis for WHO? Does WHO need to restore its legitimacy in the eyes of the global community? As renewed calls for changes to WHO emerge, in this perspective we lay out the obstacles WHO face to become the WHO ‘we’ need. The assumption is that UN member states need an empowered and well-funded organisation. Yet, many years of discussion of reform of WHO have failed to lead to meaningful change, and glaring challenges remain in its financing, governance and politics, which are considered in turn. The reality may be that we have the WHO that UN member states need – one that can provide guidance and advice, but also take criticism for health governance failures when states want to avoid blame or responsibility. We discuss this, by analysing three key areas of WHO'S challenges: mandate and scope; structure, governance and money and domestic vs international.
First report on ALS herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from rice fields of India
Authors: Choudhary Vijay K. , Reddy Seshadri S. , Mishra Subhash K. , Gharde Yogita , Kumar Sunil , Yadav Mayank , Barik Suhrid , Singh P.K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBispyribac-sodium, a herbicide that inhibits acetolactate synthase (ALS), is frequently used in rice fields in India to control weeds, including the most common noxious weed, barnyardgrass. However, rice growers have recently reported reduced control of barnyardgrass with bispyribac-sodium. Hence, a large-scale survey was carried out to assess bispyribac-sodium resistance in Chhattisgarh and Kerala, two rice-growing states. Open-field pot experiments were conducted for 2 yr to confirm resistance to bispyribac-sodium. Of the 37 biotypes tested, 30% (11) survived the recommended label rate of bispyribac-sodium (25 g ai ha−1). The effective rate of bispyribac-sodium required to achieve 50% control (ED50) of putative resistant biotypes ranged from 18 to 41 g ha−1, whereas it was about 10 g ha−1 for susceptible biotypes. This suggests that putative biotypes were two to four times more resistant to bispyribac-sodium. At 6 d after herbicide application, an in vitro enzyme assay demonstrated higher ALS enzyme activity in putative resistant biotypes (66% to 75%) compared with susceptible biotypes (48% to 52%). This indicates the presence of an insensitive ALS enzyme in those biotypes and a target site mutation as a possible mechanism for resistance. Whole-plant bioassays also suggested that the resistance problem is more widespread in Chhattisgarh than in Kerala. This study confirmed the first case of evolved resistance in barnyardgrass to bispyribac-sodium in rice fields of India.
Microscale Petrographic, Trace Element, and Isotopic Constraints on Glauconite Diagenesis in Altered Sedimentary Sequences: Implications for Glauconite Geochronology
Authors: Rafiei M. , Lӧhr S. C. , Alard O. , Baldermann A. , Farkaš J. , Brock G. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlauconite is an authigenic clay mineral that is common in marine sedimentary successions. Dating of glauconite to determine the depositional age of sedimentary sequences has a long history but has fallen into disfavor due to the difficulty of obtaining “pure” glauconite separates. Recent advances in sedimentary petrography and reaction cell mass spectrometry permit rapid in situ Rb‐Sr dating of carefully screened glauconite grains. However, glauconite remains susceptible to burial alteration so that successful application of in situ Rb‐Sr glauconite geochronology requires improved, microscale constraints on the impact of postdepositional alteration on glauconite Rb‐Sr systematics and articulation of robust criteria for identifying grains suitable for geochronology. Here, we address these questions by combining SEM‐EDS mineral mapping, geochemical characterization, and in situ Rb‐Sr dating of glauconite grains in partially altered lower Cambrian sedimentary sequences from the Arrowie and Amadeus basins in Australia. Our approach provides information at high spatial resolution, representing new insights into the interplay between source material, burial fluids, and diagenetic processes. Among the different glauconite classes, which we classify based on alteration and inclusion type, only the primary apatite‐bearing “pristine” glauconite returns an age within the error of the expected stratigraphic age. We attribute the preservation of a depositional Rb‐Sr age to the influence of Sr‐rich, alteration‐resistant apatite and the limited permeability of the clay‐rich strata hosting these grains. We conclude that our combined petrographic–geochemical screening approach holds considerable potential for identifying the best preserved glauconite grains for in situ Rb‐Sr geochronology.