bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual effective dose associated with Ra-226 radioactivity in the water from several mining areas in Indonesia
Authors: Yazid M. , Bastianudin Aris , Sutresna W Gede , Putri K.N.A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims to obtain data on estimated annual radiation doses for 3 age groups of the community residing in several mining locations and control areas to be used as consideration in the management of environmental radioactivity in mining areas in general. In this study, several mining areas have been selected, including: tin mining areas in the Bangka Belitung Islands, traditional gold mining in Kuantan and Pongkor, steam-electric power plant in Pacitan and Rembang as well as control areas which are Mamuju and Lampung. The radioactivity of Ra-226 in water on all study sites were used as secondary data for calculating the estimated annual effective dose for infants, children and adults. The results of the calculation of the estimated annual effective dose showed that the highest was received by the infant age group 1-2 years at the tin mining location, namely 6.55-18.3 E-04 Sv/y, the group of children aged 7-12 years at 4.52- 9.25.E-04 Sv /year and adults 0.35-18.3.E-04 Sv/year. While the lowest was in Mamuju area, respectively for infants = 6.65.E-07, children 3.36.E-07 and adults 1.30.E-07 Sv/year. There is a significant relationship between the activity of Ra-226 in water with the annual effective dose at each study site and the highest dose for infants aged 1-2 years compared to the children and adult groups. This needs attention in environmental management in the area, especially in the setting of public residential areas.
Thermodynamic properties and superstatistics analysis of particle in the non-relativistic system under the influence of trigonometric scarf potential using Dong proper quantization
Authors: Faniandari Suci , Suparmi A , Cari C , Harjana Harjana , Kurnia Permatahati Luthfiya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There has been an intense study on the eigenvalue and eigenfunction of the nonrelativistic quantum system. The Schrodinger equation is important in the nonrelativistic quantum system that is used to analyze the quantum information of the system, so it attached the interest of the researchers to conduct the exploration on it. In most of the studies, the researchers expand the study of the solution of the Schrodinger equation to the physical properties of the system. The thermodynamical property is one of the physical properties and key to analyzing the characteristic of materials. It needs more investigation since it has the potential to form a new design of the material. In this study, the Schrodinger equation with trigonometric Scarf potential was solved using the Supersymmetry WKB quantization condition scheme, where the variable of trigonometric Scarf potential was transformed into the Poschl-Teller potential. The energy spectra were obtained by comparing the constant parameters between Trigonometric Scarf potential and Poschl-Teller potential and by using Dong proper quantization condition of transformed Supersymmetry WKB for trigonometric Scarf potential. The result shows that the energy spectra are influenced by the radial quantum number and the potential width, and the energy increase by the increase of the radial quantum number and the potential width. The thermodynamic properties of the system were obtained approximately using the energy spectra equation and were expressed in the erf function. The superstatistics mechanics was approximately obtained by using modified Delta Dirac function distribution for the Boltzmann factor. These properties are important to analyze the characteristic of the designed solids.
On decompositions of non-reversible processes
Authors: Duong M H , Zimmer J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider fluxes and forces in Markov chains. In physics, the concept of so-called iso-surfaces has recently been introduced. In generic cases, there are infinitely many associated iso-dissipation forces. We first show that this is due to different notions of duality, each giving rise to dual force. We then study Hamiltonians associated to variational formulations of Markov processes, and develop different decompositions for them.
Modeling the influence of the information domain on countermeasure effectiveness in case of COVID-19
Authors: Fischer T , Gerwald T , Lajos S , Woellert S , Kuttler Ch , Draeger J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A common way to model an epidemic — restricted to contagion aspects only — is a modification of the Kermack-McKendrick SIR Epidemic model (SIR model) with differential equations. (Mis-)Information about epidemics may influence the behavior of the people and thus the course of epidemics as well. We have thus coupled an extended SIR model of the COVID-19 pandemic with a compartment model of the (mis-)information-based attitude of the population towards epidemic countermeasures. The resulting combined model is checked concerning basic plausibility properties like positivity and boundedness. It is calibrated using COVID-19 data from RKI and attitude data provided by the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study. The values of parameters without corresponding observation data have been determined using an L2
-fit under mild additional assumptions. The predictions of the calibrated model are essentially in accordance with observations. An uncertainty analysis of the model shows, that our results are in principle stable under measurement errors. We also assessed the scale, at which specific parameters can influence the evolution of epidemics. Another result of the paper is that in a multi-domain epidemic model, the notion of controlled reproduction number has to be redefined when being used as an indicator of the future evolution of epidemics.
The role of boundary conditions for modeling the blood flow in microvessels
Authors: Kovtanyuk A E , Marushchenko E A , Lampe R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article considers a mathematical model of blood motion in microvessels of diameter from 4 to 8 µm. The blood is considered as a fluid consisting of plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) fractions, wherein the RBCs fraction has much higher viscosity in contrast with the plasma fraction. As a numerical approach, the finite element method based on the Stokes equations with variable viscosity is applied. The adequacy of the model is assessed by comparing the numerical results and experimental (in vitro and in vivo) data. Different approaches to the construction of suitable boundary conditions are discussed and implemented.
Increasing information gain in animal research by improving statistical model accuracy
Authors: Waterkamp Ch , von Kortzfleisch V T , Neu Ch , Kitanovski S , Richter S H , Hoffmann D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reduction of the numbers of laboratory animals is one of the three pillars of ethical animal research. Equivalently, information gain per animal should be maximized. A road towards this goal that is barely taken in current animal research is the more accurate statistical modeling of experiments. Here we show for a typical experiment (“open field test”) with outcomes that are non-normally distributed count data, how this can be implemented and what information gain is achieved. We contrast the state of the art – the use of confidence intervals based on null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) –, with a Bayesian approach with the same underlying normal model, and a Bayesian approach with a more accurate negative binomial model. We find that the more accurate model leads to a marked improvement of knowledge gained with the experiment, especially for small sample sizes. As experimental data that violate assumptions of simple, conventional models are frequent, our findings have wider implications.
D-Mag — a laboratory for studying plasma physics and diagnostics in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Jagielski B. , Wenzel U. , Sunn Pedersen T. , Melzer A. , Pandey A. , Mackel F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We have set up a diagnostic magnet (D-Mag) laboratory for a
wide range of applications in plasma physics. It consists of a
superconducting magnet for field strengths of up to 5.9 T. The main
purpose is to provide an experimental environment for the
development of plasma diagnostics for nuclear fusion studies and the
investigation of dusty plasmas in strong magnetic fields. We
describe in the article the setup and operation of the D-Mag. Some
applications are presented for the development of plasma
diagnostics, such as neutral pressure gauges and Langmuir probes
that have to be operated in strong magnetic fields. Among the
examples is the test of the long-pulse capability and stability of
the diagnostic pressure gauge (DPG) for the ITER device.
Unprecedented snow-drought conditions in the Italian Alps during the early 2020s
Authors: Colombo Nicola , Guyennon Nicolas , Valt Mauro , Salerno Franco , Godone Danilo , Cianfarra Paola , Freppaz Michele , Maugeri Maurizio , Manara Veronica , Acquaotta Fiorella , Petrangeli Anna Bruna , Romano Emanuele 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Snow represents a fundamental water resource for mountain and lowland areas. Changes in the frequency and magnitude of snow droughts can significantly impact societies and ecosystems that rely on snowmelt to satisfy their water demands. Here we documented and quantified the snow drought that affected the Italian Alps during the early 2020s. We used 15 long-term snow-depth series (period 1930–2023, elevation range: 864–2200 m a.s.l.) to simulate the snow water equivalent (SWE), in conjunction with climatic reanalysis data and river discharge observations. We found that the March SWE anomaly in 2022 reached the lowest value in the last century, due to an unprecedented combination of drier- and warmer-than-normal conditions in the period December 2021–March 2022. This event contributed to causing critical hydrological conditions in the Po and Adige rivers which, during summer 2022, experienced the worst hydrological drought ever recorded. Despite its unprecedented magnitude, the snow drought in 2022 is part of a recent pattern of increased intensity and frequency of snow-drought events since the 1990s, due to the combined increasing occurrence of warmer- and drier-than-normal climatic conditions during the snow season. Remarkably, three out of the five most severe snow-drought events occurred in the last five years, with exceptional snow-drought conditions even occurring in the last two consecutive winters, 2022 and 2023. The snow-drought conditions that occurred in the early 2020s in the Italian Alps warn of the pressing need for the implementation of impact mitigation measures to adapt to the fast changing snow and climatic conditions.
Optical characterization of NIR spectra for chemomectric model of cocoa pod husk fermented for animal feed
Authors: Wahyudi I , Munawar A A , Yu P , Samadi S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cocoa pods husk (CPH) fermented can be used as an alternative animal feedstuff. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been shown in order to determine the nutritional contents of CPH fermented. This study aims to assess the characteristics of the NIR raw spectra and pretreated spectra for chemomectric model. The raw spectrum pretreatments used include multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), and first derivative (1st D) and a combination of each pretreatment, namely MSC + SG, MSC + 1st D, SG + 1st D, and MSC + SG + 1st D. The results showed that the NIR spectrum of CPH fermented had six absorption peaks associated with CPH nutrient content such as moisture (1450 and 1940 nm), lipids (1200 and 1731 nm), starch (2380 nm), and protein (2125 nm). MSC tries to eliminate the scattering and correct the differences in the baseline and trend. SG smoothing is used to remove high-frequency random noise, and peaks. 1st D can be used for baseline correction. Combination of each pretreatment, namely MSC + SG, MSC + 1st D, SG + 1st D, and MSC + SG + 1st D. The combination of pretreatment methods can reduce scattering and noise interference such as offset, dispersion, and overlap and improve smoothness. In addition, information relating to the nutritional contents of CPH was clearly highlighted. This study concludes that a combination of pretreatment methods is better at revealing hidden information and reducing noise than a specific pretreatment method. Combination of MSC + SG pretreatment in this study is considered to generate a spectrum that has good characteristics to be used in chemometric modeling due to it is able to provide information regarding the nutritional contents of CPH clearly, both for qualification and quantification.
Estimation of rumen undegradable starch from chemical composition in the feeds of ruminants
Authors: Rahmadani M , Prasetya R D D , Susanto I , Nahrowi N , Jayanegara A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn ruminant diets, rumen undegradable starch (RUS) contributes to maintaining rumen health by maximizing post-ruminal starch absorption. This present study aimed to estimate dietary RUS values from their chemical composition. The database was developed from some literature search engines and obtained 41 studies from 17 references. The chemical composition of ash, dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), organic matter (OM), starch, and rumen undegradable starch (RUS) was included into the database. Pearson correlation analysis was employed in order to establish the relationship between chemical composition with RUS of feedstuff. The chemical composition with significant correlation (P<0.05) was used to estimate RUS using multiple linear regression. The RUS estimate equation was validated by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) and plotting the RUS estimated and observed. As a result, RUS was significantly correlated with CP, NDF, ADF, and starch. The equation for estimate RUS was: RUS = 29.814 – 3.148 CP – 0.208 NDF – 0.396 ADF + 0.418 Starch. It is concluded that rumen undegradable starch (RUS) can be accurately estimated from the chemical composition of feedstuff.
A meta-analysis on the influence of essential oils on chemical composition and fermentative quality of silage
Authors: Susanto I , Rahmadani M , Wiryawan K G , Jayanegara A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Essential oils are plant secondary metabolites that have potential as antimicrobial agents. The use of essential oils as silage additives is expected to maintain feed quality and prevent the growth of spoilage microbes during ensiling. This meta-analysis study aimed to determine the effect of levels of essential oils as silage additives on chemical composition and fermentation quality during ensiling. A total of 11 journal articles consisting of 17 studies and 73 data points were tabulated with related parameters about the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and microbial analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that increasing the levels of essential oils linearly increase (p<0.01) certain chemical compositions, such as crude protein, ether extract, and water-soluble carbohydrate, and simultaneously decrease (p<0.05) the contents of NDF, ADF, ADL, and crude ash. Fermentation products such as lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid decreased (p<0.05) due to the additions of essential oils. Meanwhile, on the microbial parameters, it was found that the use of essential oils was able to reduce the mold population on silage (p<0.01). In conclusion, the addition of essential oils as silage additives maintained nutrient quality, decreased fiber content, and inhibited fungal growth.
Phenotypic and genetic performance of Arabica coffee seedling due to effect of genotype and urea
Authors: Malau S , Sianturi P N , Sihotang M R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Growth and production of arabica coffee are affected by seedling quality which is depends on genotype and seedling maintenance such as fertilizer Urea. Th objective of this research was to examine the effect of arabica coffee genotype and fertilizer Urea on the phenotypic and genetic performance of seedlings. The experiment was done at the greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in Medan. Seven Arabica coffee genotypes of from seven coffee garden in Subdistrict Dolok Sanggul and four level of fertilizer Urea were used. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, and its ratio were observed. The result revealed that significant interaction of ratio of leaf number and stem diameter proves that the certain dosage of Urea and certain genotype and will give the higest performance. Heritabilites coefficient, advance of genetic, and genotypic coefficient of variations were low. Phenotypic coefficient of variations of were low, moderate and high. Phenotypes and phenotypic ratios correlated highly significant.
Comparation of moist heating and formaldehyde protein protection methods and their impact on dairy ration fermentability and digestibility
Authors: Rosmalia A , Kusdiana C M P , Permana I G , Evvyernie D , Despal D , Toharmat T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Improving protein efficiency has become the main target in dairy farming. The feeding strategy for high-producing cows is directed by optimizing non-protein nitrogen utilization while maintaining post-ruminal digested bypass protein. Soybean and soybean meal are protein sources with high biological value but are highly degradable, so they must be protected. This study aimed to compare the effect of moist heating and formaldehyde treatments as a method for protecting protein to increase rumen bypass protein. Parameters observed include fermentation profile (rumen pH, NH3, total VFA, protozoa, and total bacteria population) and nutrient digestibility. Treatments tested were an unprotected diet as control (C1), moist heating protected protein (C2), and formaldehyde protected protein (C3). Data were subjected to ANOVA using Randomized Block Design followed by orthogonal contrasts. The results showed that both moist heating and formaldehyde treatments (C2 and C3) reduced NH3 and total VFA concentration (p<0.05) without affecting rumen pH, protozoa, and total bacteria count (p>0.05). Dry matter and organic matter did not affect by the treatments. In conclusion, both moist heating and formaldehyde methods could be used to protect feed protein and improve bypass protein in the dairy ration.
Polymorphisms of the PLAG1 and their relationships with body measurements and carcass traits of Ongole crossbred cattle
Authors: Sukaryo S , Akmalputra M R , Romadhon S , Yanti Y , Volkandari S D , Sudrajad P , Bramastya T A , Cahyadi M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is a member of the PLAG family which is associated with body size in various cattle breeds. This study investigated the association of PLAG1 polymorphisms to carcass traits and body measurement of Ongole crossbred (PO) cattle in Kebumen. Chest girth, body length, body height, withers height, waist height, live body weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage were carefully measured and recorded. The DNA genome extractions were originated from blood samples that was collected via jugular vein. The extracted DNA template used to amplify two PLAG1 polymorphisms target, namely, g.48308C>T and g.32212 (19 bp indel). Identification of g.48308C>T from PLAG1 was done via PCR-RFLP technique using SacII, wherein the 19 bp indel was obtained from PCR products. One-way analysis of variance and independent sample t-test were carried out to quantify the obtained data. This present study revealed variation in both g.48308C>T SNP and 19 bp indel. Three genotypes, TT, TC, and CC, were found for g.48308C>T SNP. Whilst two genotypes DD and DI genotypes were found for 19 bp indel. Non-significant differences were found between PLAG1 polymorphisms and traits of interest observed in Kebumen PO cattle population.
Silage quality based on the physical and chemical of several napier grass varieties (Pennisetum purpureum) supplied with different levels of pollard
Authors: Umami N , Widyobroto B P , Paradhipta D H V , Solekhah Z A , Nurjanah L L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Making silage is one method for storing feed during the dry season. To preserve the ingredients for feed, silage is made by carefully controlling the fermentation of forage with a high water content. The idea behind making silage is to create anaerobic conditions in which lactic acid bacteria can grow in order to stop the decay process. Fresh fodder, such as grasses, is commonly used in silage. The goal of this study was to assess the physical and chemical properties of various types of Pennisetum purpureum sp. that had been supplemented with varying amounts of pollard. Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in 2 x 3 Factorial is the design used in this experiment. The first factor involves two kinds of Pennisetum purpureum sp., specifically Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott and Pennisetum purpureum with gamma radiation (cv. GU). The second element is the level of pollard supplementation, which consists of 0%, 3%, and 6% with 5 replications. The results were then examined for the physical qualities of the silage quality, including the silage’s color, flavor, texture, and fungus content. The silage’s detected chemical properties included pH, DM, OM, CP, CF, and EE silage. The outcomes demonstrated that silage with good physical quality was produced by the types and pollard supplementation treatments. Increased pollard supplementation levels were negatively correlated with pH (P 0.05). When pollard supplementation was increased, the levels of lactic acid, DM, and CP considerably increased linearly (P 0.05), CF and EE levels dramatically decreased (P 0.05), while OM levels did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). It was determined that adding pollard at a level of 6% and using gamma radiation on Pennisetum purpureum in combination are treatments that result in crops with a color that is similar to silage material, an acidic odor, a non-slimy texture, and no fungus.