bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological structure of the digestive tract, liver, and pancreas of Ambassis nalua (Hamilton, 1822) with ultrastructural details of the gastric gland
Authors: Sukkhee Nutchar , Senarat Sinlapachai , Charoenphon Natthawut , Kaneko Gen , Kettratad Jes , Angsujinda Kitipong , Kongtueng Piyamat , Mitparian Tappadit , Kanjanarakha Tassaporn , Ampawong Sumate 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe scalloped perchlet Ambassis nalua is one of the dominant fishes in the Estuarine Pranburi River, Thailand. It is suggested that this fish is in the secondary trophic level with a carnivorous nature. Studies on digestive system will help us further identify the niche of this species in the food web/food chain. The present study therefore aimed to report the detailed structure and ultrastructure of A. nalua digestive system. Fish samples (n = 30) with a total length of 5.7 ± 0.5 cm were obtained using beach seines from the Estuarine Pranburi River. Their digestive tract length and intestine coeficient were 3.6 ± 0.07 cm and 0.91, respectively. Light microscopic observation showed that the digestive wall comprised four layers, namely mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The prominent mucous‐secreting cells were found in the mucosal oesophagus. The stomach had many gastric folds, with height and width being 649.76 ± 85.15 and 370.30 ± 68.56 μm, respectively. Gastric glands were found in the anterior stomach but not in the posterior stomach. Each gastric gland was made up of a single type of columnar cells. The gastric cells were ultrastructurally characterized by numerous mitochondria and well‐developed secretory granules of varying sizes. A few small vacuoles were also identified in the apical area of the gastric cells. The intestine had two regions (anterior and posterior intestines), and pyloric caecum was absent. The density of the goblet cell was significantly higher in the posterior intestine. These results provide basic knowledge of the digestive system of A. nalua, and the low intestine coefficient and the absence of pyloric caecum suggest the carnivorous feeding habit of this species.
Interstitial and angular pregnancies: Case reports and differential diagnosis
Authors: Cordeiro Denise E. F. , Alves Júlio A. G. , Feitosa Francisco E. L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInterstitial and angular pregnancies are rare and have high rates of morbidity and mortality. These terms continue to create confusion and are frequently misused. The standardization of terminology and differentiation of cases is necessary to distinguish between different outcomes. This article aims to report one case of angular and another case of interstitial pregnancies and to discuss clinical and radiological characteristics, prognosis and treatment. These pathologies continue to be confused with each other and with ectopic pregnancy tubal. Therefore, correct diagnosis facilitates appropriate management.
Solitude can be good—If you see it as such: Reappraisal helps lonely people experience solitude more positively
Authors: Rodriguez Micaela , Pratt Samuel , Bellet Benjamin W. , McNally Richard J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveSolitude is a common experience that can elicit both positive (e.g., relaxation) and negative (e.g., loneliness) emotions. But can changing the way we think about solitude improve its emotional effects? In a previous study, our team found that positively reframing solitude buffers against a reduction in positive affect when alone. Yet, it is unknown whether people who are lonely—and thus more likely to experience solitude negatively—benefit from modifying their beliefs about being alone.MethodHere, we test whether reframing solitude as a beneficial experience or de‐stigmatizing loneliness helps people experiencing moderate‐to‐severe loneliness (N = 224) feel more positive emotion and less negative emotion during solitude. We randomly assigned participants to read about either the benefits of solitude, the high prevalence of loneliness, or a control topic. Then, participants spent 10 min alone in the laboratory. State affect was assessed before and after the solitude period.ResultsAcross conditions, the solitude period reduced high‐arousal positive (e.g., excited) and high‐arousal negative (e.g., anxious) affect. Notably, people who read about the benefits of solitude experienced a significantly larger increase in low‐arousal positive affect compared with the control condition.ConclusionOur findings indicate that lonely individuals can more readily reap the emotional benefits of solitude when they reframe solitude as an experience that can enhance their well‐being.
Equivalence and non‐inferiority tests using replicated discrimination and preference data
Authors: Meyners Michael , Carr B. Thomas , Kunert Joachim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing replications in discrimination tests is becoming more common in times of strict budgetary and time constraints. For the proof of differences, it is well‐known that the standard binomial test can be used. However, it is no longer applicable if the objective is to show equivalence or non‐inferiority, as potential differences among assessors (assessor heterogeneity/overdispersion) might invalidate the binomial test. We reapply ideas described earlier for the development of a confidence interval to derive a direct asymptotic test for equivalence or non‐inferiority using replicated discrimination and preference data, both for the cases of equal and unequal numbers of replications among assessors. The suggested test is largely model‐free, that is, does not require any assumptions that cannot be easily warranted by the test design and execution. At the same time, implementation is surprisingly easy by using the R code provided or any simple spreadsheet editor, or even manually.Practical ApplicationsShowing equivalence in perception between stimuli becomes increasingly important in applications, for example, in cost‐savings or product‐matching. The suggested approach is statistically valid without potentially doubtful model assumptions, yet at the same time simple and easy to use. Tables with critical values and R code for the evaluations further ease adoption, as illustrated by three small examples. The power assessments indicate that the loss in power is only moderate as long as the number of replications is not excessive, making replicate evaluations in discrimination tests a viable option for showing equivalence. The common approach of concluding for equivalence when a test for differences does not turn out to be statistically significant is heavily flawed; given that a valid yet simple approach to establish equivalence from replicated discrimination and preference data is provided here, such practice should be abandoned.
Transcriptomic response of Cinachyrella cf. cavernosa sponges to spatial competition
Authors: Deshpande Aabha , Rivera‐Vicéns Ramón E. , Thakur Narsinh L. , Wörheide Gert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpatial competition in the intertidal zones drives the community structure in marine benthic habitats. Organisms inhabiting these areas not only need to withstand fluctuations in temperature, water level, pH, and salinity but also need to compete for the best available space. Sponges are key members of the intertidal zones, and their life history processes (e.g. growth, reproduction, and regeneration) are affected by competition. Here, we used transcriptomics to investigate the effects of interspecific competition between the tetillid sponge Cinachyrella cf. cavernosa, the zoantharid Zoanthus sansibaricus and the macroalgae Dictyota ciliolata in the field. The analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that Z. sansibaricus was the more stressful competitor to C. cf. cavernosa, which showed an upregulation of cellular respiration under stress of competition. Similarly, an upregulation of energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and the heat‐shock protein (HSP) 70 was also observed along with an increase in viral load and decreased ability to synthesize protein. A downregulation of purine and pyrimidine metabolism indicated a reduction in the physiological activities of the competing sponges. Moreover, a putative case of possible kleptocnidism, not previously reported in C. cf. cavernosa, was also observed. This study offers a glimpse into the inner workings of marine organisms competing for spatial resources using transcriptome data.
Small collections remembered: Sámi material culture and community‐based digitization at the Smithsonian Institution
Authors: Magnani Matthew , Porsanger Jelena , Laiti Sami , Magnani Natalia , Olli Anne May , Rauhala Paula , Valkeapää Samuel , Hollinger Eric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOf the 158 million things housed by the Smithsonian Institution, about 56 objects originate from Sámi communities. By all accounts a small group of objects—even by the standards of the Arctic collections at the Institution—it may be easily overlooked or dismissed as insignificant, based on entrenched ideologies about idealized collections. Presenting a community‐based methodology for the engagement of distant museum collections using three‐dimensional technologies, this article establishes the latent potential of small collections for Indigenous communities. We demonstrate how a group of 56 objects not only chronicles complex histories of exchange and colonialism, but also provides a manageable conduit for learning and exchange to facilitate the continued restructuring of relationships between museums and descendent stakeholders, from the individual to community level. Small collections, far from incomplete, may not only contain materials significant to descendent groups on their own terms, but provide the grounds to generate new forms of Indigenous initiated, balanced reciprocity.
Tackling redundancy: genetic mechanisms underlying paralog compensation in plants
Authors: Iohannes Sessen Daniel , Jackson David 
Published: September 2023

SummaryGene duplication is a powerful source of biological innovation giving rise to paralogous genes that undergo diverse fates. Redundancy between paralogous genes is an intriguing outcome of duplicate gene evolution, and its maintenance over evolutionary time has long been considered a paradox. Redundancy can also be dubbed ‘a geneticist's nightmare’: It hinders the predictability of genome editing outcomes and limits our ability to link genotypes to phenotypes. Genetic studies in yeast and plants have suggested that the ability of ancient redundant duplicates to compensate for dosage perturbations resulting from a loss of function depends on the reprogramming of gene expression, a phenomenon known as active compensation. Starting from considerations on the stoichiometric constraints that drive the evolutionary stability of redundancy, this review aims to provide insights into the mechanisms of active compensation between duplicates that could be targeted for breaking paralog dependencies – the next frontier in plant functional studies.
Ethanol infusion therapy for peri‐mitral atrial tachycardia through the Marshall bundle with electrical irrelevance of left atrial appendage and mitral isthmus
Authors: Kimura Kohki , Nakamura Kohki , Sasaki Takehito , Naito Shigeto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 62‐year‐old man with a history of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and atrial tachycardia (AT) received a line of block of the mitral isthmus (MI) and electrical isolation of the left atrial appendage (LAA). Upon entrainment pacing, AT recurred and was diagnosed as peri‐mitral AT (PMAT) with electrical irrelevance of MI, LAA, and left pulmonary vein, having a critical isthmus identified as Marshall bundle (MB). MB was then infused with ethanol, leading to the successful treatment of the PMAT.
Non‐vascular intracranial lesions in three children with PHACE association
Authors: Mologousis Mia A. , Balkin Daniel M. , Smith Edward R. , Lidov Hart G. W. , Li Alice M. , Yang Edward , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPHACE (posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, eye anomalies) association has many recognized clinical features. A link between PHACE and non‐vascular intracranial lesions has not been well‐described. We report three pediatric patients with PHACE and non‐vascular intracranial lesions.
Adjustment disorder and its risk factors during the solid organ pre‐transplant period for children: A retrospective analysis of the last 10 years
Authors: Kaba Duygu , Sarı Burcu Akın , Taner Hande Ayraler 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdjustment disorder (AD) in individuals suffering from end‐stage organ failure can negatively impact treatment adherence and overall quality of life. Previous research focusing on adults has suggested that AD might serve as a precursor to major mental disorders. However, although it is frequently used as a diagnosis in consultation‐liaison psychiatry, our understanding of AD in pediatric transplant candidates remains limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess AD and identify its associated risk factors among children who are candidates for heart, kidney, and liver transplantation.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from a cohort of 155 children, aged between 6 months and 18 years (mean age 9.4), who had undergone consultations for child and adolescent psychiatry at a hospital with a transplant center within the past 10 years.ResultsThe predominant diagnosis among children assessed during the pre‐transplant period was AD (20%), with the subtype “with depressed mood” being the most commonly observed (35.5%). Organ type and length of hospital stay were identified as significant independent predictors of AD. Being a heart transplant candidate was determined as the strongest predictor of AD among children who underwent consultations with child and adolescent psychiatry within the population of transplant candidates.ConclusionsThe study found that AD was the most common diagnosis among transplant candidates who underwent psychiatric consultations. Additionally, the study identified the length of hospital stay and the type of organ needed as independent predictors of AD. Screening for AD by considering risk factors may provide an opportunity for early intervention before the occurrence of major mental disorders in transplant candidates.
Strategic social media marketing: An empirical analysis of sequential advertising
Authors: Hotkar Parshuram , Garg Rajiv , Sussman Kristen 
Published: September 2023

Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have emerged as effective channels for advertising that enable consumer targeting based on demographics, interests, and user behavior. Social media marketers have utilized information spillover within these platforms to reach a larger customer base. This information spillover also exists across groups of users within the platform and enhances returns from social media advertising. Thus, this information spillover can be utilized to strategically sequence targeted advertising to amplify the returns from social media ads. In this paper, we present a theoretical model for information retention and show that the sequential advertising strategy is effective in targeting groups of users on a social media platform. In addition, we provide empirical evidence through two series of randomized field experiments. From experiments for a health services organization, we find that sequential advertising campaigns provide 23% more clicks when compared to campaigns that target groups simultaneously, which translates to a saving of 18.7% in the advertising budget to achieve similar results as simultaneous advertising. Additionally, we found that sequential advertising campaigns targeting a smaller group first followed by a larger group provide 10.7% additional clicks when compared to targeting a larger group first followed by a smaller group. These results were consistent for consumer packaged goods that were advertised on Facebook and Twitter. These results provide implications for social media advertising research and practice.
Advances in understanding canine pregnancy: Endocrine and morpho‐functional regulation
Authors: Kowalewski Mariusz P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCanine pregnancy relies on luteal steroidogenesis for progesterone (P4) production. The canine placenta responds to P4, depending on the nuclear P4 receptor (PGR). This has sparked interest in investigating the interaction between ovarian luteal steroids and the placenta in dogs. Canine placentation is characterized by restricted (shallow) trophoblast invasion, making the dog an interesting model for studying decidua‐derived modulation of trophoblast invasion, compared with the more invasive (hemochorial) placentation. The PGR is expressed in maternally derived decidual cells and plays a crucial role in feto‐maternal communication during pregnancy maintenance. Understanding PGR‐mediated signalling has clinical implications for improving reproductive performance control in dogs. Altering the PGR signalling induces the release of PGF2α from the foetal trophoblast, hindering placental homeostasis, which can also be achieved with antigestagens like aglepristone. Consequently, luteolysis, both natural and antigestagen‐induced, involves apoptosis, vascular lesion, and immune cell infiltration in the placenta, resulting in placentolysis and foetal membranes expulsion. Our laboratory developed the immortalized dog uterine stromal (DUS) cell line to study canine‐specific decidualization. We study canine reproduction by observing physiological processes and investigating evidence‐based mechanisms of decidualization and feto‐maternal interaction. Our focus on morphology, function and molecular aspects enhances understanding and enables targeted and translational studies.
Slackline training for Paralympic alpine sit skiers: Development of human‐device multi‐joint coordination
Authors: Liu Kaiqi , Ji Linhong , Capelli Dario , Lu Yijia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposePara‐alpine sit skiers face unique challenges in balance control due to their disabilities and the use of sit skis. This study assessed their multi‐joint coordination before and after slackline training.MethodsNine alpine sit skiers (6 M/3 F; 27 ± 8 years; height: 168.3 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 55.4 ± 6.9 kg) with different disabilities (LW10‐LW12) volunteered for the experiment. All subjects performed slackline training for 5 weeks (20 sessions). Joint kinematics were captured by vision‐based markerless motion analysis. Root mean square (RMS) amplitude, mean velocity and mean power frequency (MPF) were evaluated.ResultsAfter training, performance improved significantly with an increase in balance time (1041%, p = 0.002), and a decrease in joint angular velocities and RMS amplitude of the sit ski foot (p < 0.05). Joint synergies were developed through in‐ or anti‐phase movements between joint pairs, particularly involving the hip joints (continuous relative phase angles ~0° or 180°, p < 0.001). Multi‐joint coordination shifted from large‐RMS amplitude of elbows to low‐MPF large‐RMS amplitude of the hip and shoulders (p < 0.05), with a significant increase of hip weighting (77.61%, p = 0.031) in the principal component analysis. The coordination was maintained with the change of slackline tension (p < 0.05). Athletes with severe trunk disabilities (LW10) had shorter balance time and poorer coordination than athletes with full trunk functions (LW12).ConclusionsOur findings showed the development of joint coordination involving better control of the hip and sit skis during the challenging slackline training task.
Rock‐like strength enhancement of Indian desert sand using commercially available polysaccharide biopolymers
Authors: Dagliya Monika , Satyam Neelima , Garg Ankit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiopolymers are a nature‐friendly solution that can impart rock‐like strength in sand by developing bonds between grains. In this study, we assessed the behaviour of desert sand treated with commercially available pectin (P), acacia gum (AG) and sodium alginate (SA) polysaccharide biopolymers (1%, 2% and 3% concentrations) applied at 0.75 and 1 pore volume (PV). Non‐destructive ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests recorded maximum values of 1579 m/s for AG samples, 1490 m/s for SA samples and 1400 m/s for P samples, all showing rock‐like behaviour. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and split tensile strength (STS) tests showed that the strength level generally increased with biopolymer concentration. The minimum UCS value was 173 kPa for the P (1%) 0.75 PV composition, and the maximum was 1287 kPa for the AG (2%) 0.75 PV composition. The UCS value for the AG (1%) 0.75 PV was 1178 kPa, with optimal results compared with other compositions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) tests were performed for microstructural analysis. SEM revealed a strong bond between sand particles and biopolymers. EDX and XRD showed that the strength stemmed from gel formation in the pores, rather than mineralogical changes. The study results indicate the level of strength attained with varying biopolymer percentages and PVs and are useful for desert sand stabilization.
Age‐related changes in P2Y receptor signalling in mouse cochlear supporting cells
Authors: Hool Sarah A. , Jeng Jing‐Yi , Jagger Daniel J. , Marcotti Walter , Ceriani Federico 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur sense of hearing depends on the function of a specialised class of sensory cells, the hair cells, which are found in the organ of Corti of the mammalian cochlea. The unique physiological environment in which these cells operate is maintained by a syncitium of non‐sensory supporting cells, which are crucial for regulating cochlear physiology and metabolic homeostasis. Despite their importance for cochlear function, the role of these supporting cells in age‐related hearing loss, the most common sensory deficit in the elderly, is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the age‐related changes in the expression and function of metabotropic purinergic receptors (P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y4) in the supporting cells of the cochlear apical coil. Purinergic signalling in supporting cells is crucial during the development of the organ of Corti and purinergic receptors are known to undergo changes in expression during ageing in several tissues. Immunolabelling and Ca2+ imaging experiments revealed a downregulation of P2Y receptor expression and a decrease of purinergic‐mediated calcium responses after early postnatal stages in the supporting cells. An upregulation of P2Y receptor expression was observed in the aged cochlea when compared to 1 month‐old adults. The aged mice also had significantly larger calcium responses and displayed calcium oscillations during prolonged agonist applications. We conclude that supporting cells in the aged cochlea upregulate P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors and display purinergic‐induced Ca2+ responses that mimic those observed during pre‐hearing stages of development, possibly aimed at limiting or preventing further damage to the sensory epithelium.
imageKey points
Age‐related hearing loss is associated with lower hearing sensitivity and decreased ability to understand speech.
We investigated age‐related changes in the expression and function of metabotropic purinergic (P2Y) receptors in cochlear non‐sensory supporting cells of mice displaying early‐onset (C57BL/6N) and late‐onset (C3H/HeJ) hearing loss.
The expression of P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors in the supporting cells decreased during cochlear maturation, but that of P2Y2 and P2Y4 was upregulated in the aged cochlea.
P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors were primarily responsible for the ATP‐induced Ca2+ responses in the supporting cells.
The degree of purinergic expression upregulation in aged supporting cells mirrored hearing loss progression in the different mouse strains.
We propose that the upregulation of purinergic‐mediated signalling in the aged cochlea is subsequent to age‐related changes in the hair cells and may act as a protective mechanism to limit or to avoid further damage to the sensory epithelium.