bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating climate change effects on hydrological functionality and water‐related ecosystem services
Authors: El Jeitany Jerome , Pacetti Tommaso , Caporali Enrica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper investigates the effects of climate change on riverine ecosystems in the Upper Arno River basin, adopting a hybrid methodology relating the changes in streamflow to its related water ecosystem services. Twenty hydrological models were run using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), under their respective climate model and emission scenario. The streamflow variable obtained was analysed according to the method of Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). The development of spatial maps of IHA allowed us to represent the spatial of the results according to the three river subbasins studied, with a focus on the presence of hotspots. Using IHA allowed to capture of the streamflow quantity and dynamics, through groups of magnitude, timing and rates, where the potential effect could be then linked to the concept of water ecosystem services. Finally, the results obtained were presented as a proxy that can be integrated into the existing Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) management framework to eventually move towards an ecosystem‐based management methodology. The main results, induced from the Mann–Kendall trend analysis of the IHA, suggested that provisioning and regulating services are to be affected by climate change where the quantity of flows shows a decreasing trend under several emission scenarios, in addition to an intensification of the extreme events. This shift is accompanied by a change in the dynamics of flow, which holds the potential of affecting habitat suitability. With the emergence of studies directed towards ecosystem‐based management, the study refers to well‐established hydrological modelling to evaluate climate change as a driver and provide screening results to ensure a proactive response planning that converges with the idea of ecosystems.
New boundaries: Redefining the geographical range of a threatened fish through environmental DNA survey
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni , Zogaris Stamatis , Leris Ioannis , Laschou Sofia , Zimmerman Brian , Meek Sarah , Sargeant Stephanie , Weldon Laura , Steer Mark D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccurate data on the distribution and population status of threatened fish species are fundamental for effective conservation planning and management. In this work, in order to reassess the distribution of the globally threatened Evia barbel, Barbus euboicus, we undertook an environmental DNA (eDNA) survey coupled with conventional electrofishing, focusing on major river basins in Evia Island in proximity to its known occurrence in a single Evian basin (Manikiatiko stream). For comparison purposes, we conducted eDNA sampling in several locations in the geographically closest continental river basin, the Sperchios basin (Central Greece) which hosts the closely related Barbus sperchiensis. Our results expand the known range of the Evia barbel on Evia adding four new river basins, apart from its type locality (Manikiatiko stream (EV3)). In a single Evian River, where the species had never been located before, there was also a positive eDNA signal for Barbus sperchiensis within the same basin. The research confirms the occurrence of Evia barbel in a wider geographical area, highlighting however the sensitive conservation status of the species due to its still very narrow geographical distribution. The biogeographical implications of our study, as well as potential conservation interventions, are discussed.
The effect of materials used in office building envelope on the capacity and performance of a solar‐assisted cooling heating and power system
Authors: Heydari Ali , Sadati Seyed Esmaeil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe calculation of heating and cooling loads to office buildings is different due to the presence of many people and also their activity at certain times of the day. In this research, a model office building is first simulated in Semnan, Iran using Design Builder software. After applying the necessary assumptions about the presence of people and building activation time, the heating and cooling loads of the base sample building are calculated with the specified envelope configuration. In the next step, some changes are applied to the thermal insulation of the envelope and the roof as well as the configuration of the windows. Then, for obtained heating and cooling loads for each case, hybrid solar‐assisted cooling heating and power (CCHP) system are designed. Thus, for different envelope configurations, the best case for the capacity of the power generation unit (PGU), the ratio of PGU‐generated energy to solar energy, and fuel consumption saving of the solar‐assisted CCHP system is determined. Results show that the use of appropriate window configuration and the suitable insulation of the walls and roof can save 24.8% of PGU capacity and 53.48% of fuel consumption in the solar‐assisted CCHP system.
A review on microbial fuel cell technology for Brewery industry wastewater treatment – From fundamentals to pilot scale studies
Authors: Niju Subramaniapillai , Priyadharshini K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndustries play an important role in the economic growth of any nation, whereas they release pollutants, which impact our environment seriously. Owing to the rapid climate change and global warming, our earth is searching for different sustainable energy technologies. Microbial fuel cell technology is emerging as one of the most versatile sustainable energy technology, with their ability to tap the energy stored in the wastewater and convert it directly into electrical energy. Though MFC research is still in its nascent stage, its theoretical superiority makes it a unique technology, which can be developed into a self‐sufficient system for wastewater treatment in the near future. Brewery industries consume large quantities of water for beer production and hence release large quantities of wastewater. The chemical energy stored in the brewery wastewater could be converted into useful bioelectricity by MFC technology compared to other traditional wastewater treatment technologies, which are all energy intensive. Brewery wastewater, rich in biodegradable organic matter with their non‐toxic nature, makes it a highly suitable substrate for MFC. It is one of the few substrates that have made it to pilot‐scale studies worldwide. This study aims to review the microbial fuel cells with brewery wastewater as their substrate. It will elaborate the different configurations of MFCs employed for brewery wastewater so far, their power producing ability and wastewater treatment efficiency. The critical factors that influence these MFC systems will also be discussed. Finally, this article also identifies and suggests different strategies to improve the performance of such MFC systems.
Haunch retrofit of RC beam–column joints: Linear stress field analysis and Strut‐and‐Tie method application
Authors: Marchisella Angelo , Muciaccia Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the stress field of reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column joints retrofitted with haunches. Design of such solution currently assumes internal forces evaluated by the so called β‐factor approach, which was originally conceived targeting the enhancement of steel moment‐resisting frames. Extension to RC is subsequent as it emerges from the literature survey. The analytical model is first critically rediscussed. Inconsistencies of the adopted structural scheme, with respect to the actual mechanical behavior, may lie on the compatibility conditions which are imposed between the haunch and concrete beam (or column). In this regard, two‐dimensional finite element models (FEM), using linear‐elastic materials, are employed to study the stress field of two benchmark specimens derived from literature. A partial validation is carried out against experimentally derived internal forces. Results show that, for haunches with extended flat plates and stiff diagonals, compressive diffusion affects the entire haunch region. Consequently, beam's kinematic hypothesis of linear strains is no longer valid. The predicted joint shear demand resulted underestimated by β‐factor approach by 50%. Since 2D FEM may be not efficient for many practical circumstances, an application of Strut‐and‐Tie is alternatively proposed. Finally, both the limitations and possible extensions of the proposed approaches are stated transparently.
A baseline comparison of three diagnostic groups using the Progress Monitoring Tool for Eating Disorders
Authors: Harris Bethany A. , Boswell James F. , Hormes Julia M. , Espel‐Huynh Hallie , Thompson‐Brenner Heather 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUtilisation of intensive inpatient treatment for eating disorders (EDs) has climbed in the last decade, illuminating a need for better consensus on what constitutes effective treatment and context‐appropriate progress/outcome monitoring during residential stays. The novel Progress Monitoring Tool for Eating Disorders (PMED) measure is specifically designed for inpatient settings. Previous research supports the factorial validity and internal consistency of the PMED; however, additional work is needed to determine its appropriateness for complex patient populations. This study used measurement invariance (MI) testing to determine if the PMED administered at programme admission measures the same items in similar ways across patients with anorexia nervosa restricting‐ and binge‐purge subtypes (AN‐R; AN‐BP) and bulimia nervosa (BN, N = 1121; Mage = 24.33 years, SD = 10.20; 100% female). Progressively constrained models were used to determine the level of invariance upheld between the three groups. Results indicated that, while the PMED meets configural and metric MI, it does not display scalar invariance. Said otherwise, the PMED similarly assesses constructs and items across AN‐R, AN‐BP, and BN, however the same score overall may reflect different levels of psychopathology for patients in one diagnostic category versus another. Comparisons of severity between different EDs should be made with caution, however the PMED appears to be a sound tool for understanding the baseline functioning of patients with EDs in an inpatient setting.
Evaluating success in a changing academic landscape
Authors: Schillereff Daniel , Clarke Lucy , Shuttleworth Emma , Alderson Danielle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow one individual characterises another successful individual varies widely. At a time when work–life balance and the use of metrics are key concerns within the academic landscape, Early Career Academics (ECAs) are voicing particular worries about the opacity with which we discuss and define success in academia, which influences recruitment and progression in unseen ways. Drawing on the results of a survey of 92 geomorphologists, earth and environmental scientists (96% from Europe or North America) and textual analysis of 54 job advertisements for early career positions at UK institutions spanning 2010–2021, we posit that there is a divergence between the perceptions, expectations and realities of academic success and that this has widened over the last decade. We find limited evidence of gendered differences in how academics define success, in stark contrast to employment and promotion outcomes within universities. We also find notable differences in how individual, more senior academics value publications and grant capture, which is at odds with advice usually given to ECAs. This mismatch is reinforced by the steady rise in the total number of essential job criteria listed on job advertisements for early career positions. Strong applicants are expected to excel in more areas than a decade ago. We put forward a series of recommendations implementable at local levels (e.g., research groups, learned society committees, departments) to help ensure markers of success are defined, valued and implemented in more appropriate and consistent ways. These include: the necessity of establishing clear guidelines for recruitment, promotion and awards, and ensuring these are visible and accessible; greater transparency around the weightings given to different criteria in a job advert; and a call to the community to reflect on how our individual markers of success match our career advice and the decisions taken by hiring or promotion panels we sit on.
Dietary protein intake affects the association between urinary iodine and clinically relevant depression: Evidence from NHANES 2007–2018
Authors: Kong Xue , Shen Xia , Yang Long , Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Gu Xue , Kong Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBoth iodine concentration and protein intake are important nutritional factors that may influence the development of depressive symptoms. However, there are no studies on the effect of protein intake on the relationship between iodine concentration and the risk of depression. The study aimed to explore the relationship between iodine and the risk of clinically relevant depression (CRD) according to protein intake. This study analyzed the adults (≥18 years) who participated in the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Cross‐sectional Survey (N = 10,462). CRD was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Protein intake was assessed using two 24‐h dietary recalls and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured using inductively coupled plasma dynamic response cell mass spectrometry. Weighted multivariate logistic regression and restrictive cubic splines were performed to assess the relationship between UIC and CRD according to protein category (low protein intake <0.8 g/kg/day; high protein intake: ≥0.8 g/kg/day). After controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, chronic diseases, and dietary factors, a positive correlation was observed between UIC (log10) and CRD (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.026, 1.795). Low UIC (<100 μg/L) was associated with a lower prevalence of CRD (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.533, 0.995) in high protein intake individuals, whereas this relationship did not exist in those with low protein intake. Moreover, restrictive cubic splines confirmed a near L‐shaped relationship between UIC and CRD in the low‐protein group (nonlinear p = .042) and a linear relationship between them in the high‐protein group (nonlinear p = .392). This study illustrates that protein intake affects the relationship between UIC and CRD. Combining lower UIC and high protein intake may help reduce the prevalence of CRD, which would have significant implications for managing patients with depressive CRD in the clinical setting.
Chronic demyelination and myelin repair after spinal cord injury in mice: A potential link for glutamatergic axon activity
Authors: Pukos Nicole , Marion Christina M. , Arnold W. David , Noble Benjamin T. , Popovich Phillip G. , McTigue Dana M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur prior work examining endogenous repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice revealed that large numbers of new oligodendrocytes (OLs) are generated in the injured spinal cord, with peak oligodendrogenesis between 4 and 7 weeks post‐injury (wpi). We also detected new myelin formation over 2 months post‐injury (mpi). Our current work significantly extends these results, including quantification of new myelin through 6 mpi and concomitant examination of indices of demyelination. We also examined electrophysiological changes during peak oligogenesis and a potential mechanism driving OL progenitor cell (OPC) contact with axons. Results reveal peak in remyelination occurs during the 3rd mpi, and that myelin generation continues for at least 6 mpi. Further, motor evoked potentials significantly increased during peak remyelination, suggesting enhanced axon potential conduction. Interestingly, two indices of demyelination, nodal protein spreading and Nav1.2 upregulation, were also present chronically after SCI. Nav1.2 was expressed through 10 wpi and nodal protein disorganization was detectable throughout 6 mpi suggesting chronic demyelination, which was confirmed with EM. Thus, demyelination may continue chronically, which could trigger the long‐term remyelination response. To examine a potential mechanism that may initiate post‐injury myelination, we show that OPC processes contact glutamatergic axons in the injured spinal cord in an activity‐dependent manner. Notably, these OPC/axon contacts were increased 2‐fold when axons were activated chemogenetically, revealing a potential therapeutic target to enhance post‐SCI myelin repair. Collectively, results show the surprisingly dynamic nature of the injured spinal cord over time and that the tissue may be amenable to treatments targeting chronic demyelination.
Foreign direct investment in the context of rising populism: The role of institutions and firm‐level internationalization
Authors: Carballo Perez Alfonso , Corina Margherita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe investigate how the presence of populist rulers affects foreign direct investment in democratic countries. Our analysis sheds light on the mechanisms by which this political force impacts firms' decisions, considering the effect of institutions and internationalization strategies at the firm level in the global arena. We test our theory using instrumental variables with a panel dataset of US multinationals in 37 democratic countries between 1999 and 2020. Our findings suggest that the presence of a populist ruler at the helm of government seems to undermine firms' foreign investment and it is potentially moderated by country‐level institutions and firm‐level internationalization. Collectively, our results offer new insights on how populism affects multinationals' investment decisions, contributing to the literature that examines the relationship between political pressure and investment decisions.Managerial SummaryInvesting in countries with populist rulers poses a challenge for multinationals. Populist leaders constantly threaten to abruptly change the institutions that provide certainty for foreign investments. This study argues that the presence of a populist negatively affects firms' foreign investment, moderated by institutions and internationalization strategies. The adverse impacts of populism on investment are mitigated in countries with robust institutional frameworks. In such cases, the credibility of populists' promises to alter the established “rules of the game” is lower than in countries with weaker institutions. Additionally, by expanding their degree of internationalization, firms are better equipped to navigate the lack of information generated by populist rulers. Our research provides implications for managers in assessing the risks and opportunities associated with investing in such contexts.
The arrow‐of‐time in neuroimaging time series identifies causal triggers of brain function
Authors: Bolton Thomas A. W. , Van De Ville Dimitri , Amico Enrico , Preti Maria G. , Liégeois Raphaël 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMoving from association to causal analysis of neuroimaging data is crucial to advance our understanding of brain function. The arrow‐of‐time (AoT), that is, the known asymmetric nature of the passage of time, is the bedrock of causal structures shaping physical phenomena. However, almost all current time series metrics do not exploit this asymmetry, probably due to the difficulty to account for it in modeling frameworks. Here, we introduce an AoT‐sensitive metric that captures the intensity of causal effects in multivariate time series, and apply it to high‐resolution functional neuroimaging data. We find that causal effects underlying brain function are more distinctively localized in space and time than functional activity or connectivity, thereby allowing us to trace neural pathways recruited in different conditions. Overall, we provide a mapping of the causal brain that challenges the association paradigm of brain function.
Hippocampus long‐axis specialization throughout development: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nichols Emily S. , Blumenthal Anna , Kuenzel Elizabeth , Skinner Jasmyn K. , Duerden Emma G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe human adult hippocampus can be subdivided into the head, or anterior hippocampus and its body and tail, or posterior hippocampus, and a wealth of functional differences along the longitudinal axis have been reported. One line of literature emphasizes specialization for different aspects of cognition, whereas another emphasizes the unique role of the anterior hippocampus in emotional processing. While some research suggests that functional differences in memory between the anterior and posterior hippocampus appear early in development, it remains unclear whether this is also the case for functional differences in emotion processing. The goal of this meta‐analysis was to determine whether the long‐axis functional specialization observed in adults is present earlier in development. Using a quantitative meta‐analysis, long‐axis functional specialization was assessed using the data from 26 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, which included 39 contrasts and 804 participants ranging in age from 4 to 21 years. Results indicated that emotion was more strongly localized to the anterior hippocampus, with memory being more strongly localized to the posterior hippocampus, demonstrating long‐axis specialization with regard to memory and emotion in children similar to that seen in adults. An additional analysis of laterality indicated that while memory was left dominant, emotion was processed bilaterally.
Functional and structural network changes related with cognition in semantic dementia longitudinally
Authors: Huang Lin , Cui Liang , Chen Keliang , Han Zaizhu , Guo Qihao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLongitudinal changes in the white matter/functional brain networks of semantic dementia (SD), as well as their relations with cognition remain unclear. Using a graph‐theoretic method, we examined the neuroimaging (T1, diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI) network properties and cognitive performance in processing semantic knowledge of general and six modalities (i.e., object form, color, motion, sound, manipulation and function) from 31 patients (at two time points with an interval of 2 years) and 20 controls (only at baseline). Partial correlation analyses were carried out to explore the relationships between the network changes and the declines of semantic performance. SD exhibited aberrant general and modality‐specific semantic impairment, and gradually worsened over time. Overall, the brain networks showed a decreased global and local efficiency in the functional network organization but a preserved structural network organization with a 2‐year follow‐up. With disease progression, both structural and functional alterations were found to be extended to the temporal and frontal lobes. The regional topological alteration in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.L) was significantly correlated with general semantic processing. Meanwhile, the right superior temporal gyrus and right supplementary motor area were identified to be associated with color and motor‐related semantic attributes. SD manifested disrupted structural and functional network pattern longitudinally. We proposed a hub region (i.e., ITG.L) of semantic network and distributed modality‐specific semantic‐related regions. These findings support the hub‐and‐spoke semantic theory and provide targets for future therapy.