bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
レジオネラ肺炎を契機に発症したAcute–on–chronic liver failureの救命例(A case of acute–on–chronic liver failure caused by Legionella pneumonia)
Authors: 一樹 菅谷 , 萌 関根 , 憲哉 武藤 , 友誉 三澤 , 雅洋 岩渕 , 泰彦 塚田 , 憲 伊関 
Published: April 2023

要旨　レジオネラ肺炎は，多臓器不全を合併し致死的な経過をたどることがある。今回，ACLFに伴う肝性脳症を合併するも，人工肝補助療法を導入し，救命し得た症例を経験したので報告する。症例は50歳の男性で，高度意識障害と多臓器不全のため近隣病院から転院搬送された。搬入時より意識レベルはJCS III–300であり，血液検査でアンモニアが高値であった。肝性脳症と診断し，直ちにon–line HDFによる人工肝補助療法を開始した。第2病日に尿中レジオネラ抗原が陽性となったことから，レジオネラ肺炎と診断し，それに伴って多臓器不全を発症した状態であると判断した。抗生剤については，メロペネム，レボフロキサシン，アジスロマイシンを投与した。凝固障害に対しては，適宜輸血を実施した。合計3回のon–line HDFとCHDFを交互に実施し，緩徐に意識レベルの改善が得られ，第5病日には意識清明となった。第8病日にICUを退出し，第20病日に転院した。ACLFは，最近定義された新しい疾患概念であり，代償性あるいは非代償性肝硬変に増悪因子が加わって，高度の肝機能異常を呈する病態である。治療については症候に対する対症療法が中心であり，本症例では人工肝補助療法を導入したことで覚醒が得られ，救命に寄与したと考えられた。
膵十二指腸全摘術により救命し得た急性輸入脚症候群の1症例(Acute afferent loop syndrome complicated with severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis: a case successfully salvaged by total pancreatectomy)
Authors: 岬 村崎 , 泰久 丹後 , 淳史 三中 , 弘富 張 , 尚礼 塩見 
Published: April 2023

要旨　輸入脚症候群は胃切除術Billroth–IIまたはRoux–en–Y（以下R–Y）再建後の稀な合併症であるが，急性に輸入脚が完全閉塞した急性輸入脚症候群（acute afferent loop syndrome: AALS）は膵炎を併発し致死的な病態となることがある。症例は胃癌に対し幽門側胃切除，D–2郭清，R–Y再建術の既往のある81歳の男性。腹痛を主訴に当院へ救急搬送されCTで絞扼性腸閉塞と診断された。緊急手術を施行したところ，Y脚が内ヘルニアとなってclosed loop obstructionを形成しており，Y脚を引き抜き，絞扼を解除した。術後は集中治療室で全身管理を行ったが，重症急性膵炎に進展し，CTで膵周囲壊死が疑われ，膵液瘻も認めた。術後19時間後に再開腹したところ膵十二指腸壊死を疑う所見を認め，膵十二指腸全摘術（total pancreatectomy: TP）を施行した。術後より全身状態は改善し，インスリン導入，膵消化酵素補充剤を開始した。SSIを併発したが，第45病日に独歩退院した。本症例ではAALSから重症壊死性膵炎に進展したが，緊急TPにより救命し得た。十二指腸壊死を伴うAALSに対してはTPも選択肢となると考えられた。
Optimizing transition from pediatric to adult care in short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure
Authors: Kinberg Sivan , Verma Tanvi , Kaura Deeksha , Mercer David F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the majority of children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and intestinal failure (IF) are now surviving into adulthood, there is a paradigm shift from short‐term management to long‐term outcomes and a growing need to focus on healthcare transition (HCT). It is imperative that adolescents and young adults with SBS and IF receive disease education, empowerment, and support as they navigate the transition from pediatric to adult care. Furthermore, both pediatric and adult healthcare providers who manage these patients should be aware of the challenges faced by this population, barriers to their HCT, and strategies to overcome them. This article reviews the literature on HCT in children with chronic illnesses, discusses barriers to HCT in SBS/IF, identifies the important constituents of the transition process in SBS/IF, and provides recommendations for the successful and smooth transition of the pediatric patient to the adult healthcare environment. Structured and multicomponent HCT programs should become the standard of care to ensure uninterrupted high‐quality care across the life span for patients with SBS/IF.
Handgrip strength is a substitutive metric to the GLIM criteria–defined malnutrition and predicts long‐term mortality among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Guo Gaoyue , Yang Wanting , Wang Sipu , Hui Yangyang , Cui Binxin , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Chaoqun , Mao Lihong , Fan Xiaofei , Sun Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHospitalized patients with cirrhosis are prone to debilitating health conditions and fluid fluctuations, posing barriers to accurately obtain anthropometric measures and physical examinations as surrogates for muscle mass within the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). We hypothesize the handgrip strength (HGS) would serve as a substitutive metric, by comparing the diagnostic consistency and prognostic accuracy with computed tomography–demarcated skeletal muscle index (SMI)–defined malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria.MethodsPatients with cirrhosis underwent a two‐step approach involving nutrition risk screening and those fulfilling GLIM consensus were further diagnosed. The evaluation of muscle mass as one constituent contained in the GLIM criteria was conducted by SMI and HGS, respectively. Consistency test, Kaplan‐Meier curve, and multivariate Cox regression were used to assess the performance of GLIM‐SMI and GLIM‐HGS.ResultsAmong 184 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, 63 (34.2%) and 78 (42.4%) were diagnosed with malnutrition following GLIM‐SMI and GLIM‐HGS criteria, respectively. Considering the GLIM‐SMI a gold standard, GLIM‐HGS had a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 81.0%. GLIM‐HGS criteria denoted good agreement (κ value = 0.858, P < 0.001) as compared with GLIM‐SMI. Both criteria were independently associated with 1‐year all‐cause mortality, whereas GLIM‐SMI showed slightly higher hazard ratios. Moreover, HGS positively correlated with SMI in the population alongside more pronounced correlation among patients at nutrition risk.ConclusionHGS may serve as a substitutive metric of muscle mass contained in the GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition and predict long‐term mortality among patients with cirrhosis.
The introduction of the disconnection approach into polymer synthesis
Authors: Lu Dawei , Zou Xudong , Ye Liqin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe disconnection approach, a widely utilized method of design synthesis route, has played crucial roles in contemporary organic chemistry for decades. Here, we provide an introduction to the construction of polymer main chains. The implementation of the strategy hinges on determining where to disconnect based on the successful polymerization reaction in order to infer a suitable monomer. By investigating specific covalent bonds and structures in polymers, several specific linkers are highlighted to demonstrate how to design and synthesize polymer main chains using reverse thinking, thus inspiring those in polymer synthesis.
Relativistic wormhole surrounded by dark matter halos in symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Mustafa G. , Maurya S. K. , Ray Saibal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article we study the wormhole geometry in the galactic halo region under modified gravity, especially symmetric teleparallel gravity, where the nonmetricity scalar drives the gravitational interaction. The wormhole solutions for the assumed form have been presented, where α and β are the model parameters. The assumption of is based on the fact that its behavior should change with assumed parametric values of α as well as β within specific physical bounds. Two such models are presented based on the physically motivated shape function and energy conditions. We have elaborately shown, via mathematical calculations and graphical plots, the following features in our model: (i) energy conditions, especially NEC, which is very instructive in connection to energy violation in modified gravity theory, (ii) the wormhole solutions in the regime of Navarro‐Frenk‐White (NFW) density profiles for the galactic halo regions, (iii) treatment with particles moving in closed orbits around the wormholes which exhibit epicyclic frequencies, and (iv) the red‐blue shifts of the light coming from the wormhole throat in the vicinity of the dark matter halos. All the results and behaviors are satisfactory as well as interesting.
They Are Talking, But Is It Productive? ExploringEFLStudents' Small Group Talk
Authors: Wotring Anthony , Chen Honglin , Fraser Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurricular innovations in English language programs have placed increasing emphasis on providing opportunities for students to speak in the classroom, often through communicative group activities. However, despite decades of advocacy for small group talk, a rigorous conception of the quality of talk in these groups is lacking, particularly in the ways students productively use talk to meet curriculum objectives. This paper presents an analytic framework for characterizing the productive use of small group talk, exploring data collected from English language learning students in a South Korean university. Findings demonstrate the students' talk developed in the robustness of the talk repertoires, the collaborative nature, and the connections of their talk to course outcomes. This paper closes with a discussion exploring English language students' talk, challenging current understandings of students' talk abilities by pushing beyond simple communication in a foreign language and towards productive small group talk.
Assessment of glucocorticoid and antibiotic exposure as risk factors for diabetes mellitus in selected dog breeds attending UK primary‐care clinics
Authors: Heeley Angela M. , Brodbelt Dave C. , O'Neill Dan G. , Church David B. , Davison Lucy J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is an important endocrine disorder in dogs. This study explored prior exposure to glucocorticoids or antibiotic treatment as risk factors for developing DM in dogs attending primary‐care VetCompass clinics in the UK.MethodsA breed frequency matched case–control study nested in a cohort of dogs (n= 480,469) aged 3 years or over was used to explore associations between glucocorticoid and antibiotic exposure and the odds of developing DM.ResultsA total of 565 cases and 2179 controls were included. Dogs with DM had over four times the odds of exposure to glucocorticoids within 6 weeks prior to diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 4.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.41–6.89,p< 0.001) compared to controls within 6 weeks prior to a randomly selected quasi‐date of diagnosis. Dogs that had only one unique documented antibiotic course had a decreased odds of developing DM (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46–0.91,p= 0.012) compared to dogs that had no documented courses of antibiotics.LimitationsThis study only included selected breeds, so the results may not be generalisable to all dog breeds.ConclusionsExposure to glucocorticoids is associated with a substantial increase in the risk of developing DM for the dog breeds included in this analysis.
Multicentric malignant round cell tumour in a cria: Clinical presentation, pathologic findings and differential diagnoses
Authors: Cocchi Monia , Foiani Greta , Melchiotti Erica , Feliziani Francesco , De Zan Gabrita 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 2‐month‐old cria that died following a short episode of constipation and diarrhoea was presented for a postmortem examination. The main macroscopic findings were widely disseminated, multinodular, whitish lesions involving liver and kidney and severe and diffuse haemorrhagic jejunitis. Histopathologically, the nodules are characterised by sheets of neoplastic round cells. An immunohistochemical panel including lymphoid, histiocytic/myeloid and pan‐neuroendocrine markers was performed. Taking into account the epidemiology of malignant round cell tumours in camelids, the neoplastic cell morphology as well as the negativity to all the tested markers, null cell lymphoma is considered as the most likely differential diagnosis. As recently highlighted by the literature, these findings confirm lymphoma as a potential systemic and aggressive neoplasm in young alpacas.
Long‐term management of multifocal, facially oriented squamous cell carcinoma in an American Yorkshire pig with intralesional bleomycin electrochemotherapy, CO2 laser surgery and cryosurgery
Authors: Gould Aubrey , Stockler Jenna W. , Lindley Stephanie E. S. , Yin Ji‐Hang , White Amelia G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 4‐year‐old American Yorkshire barrow (Sus scrofa domesticus) presented for masses on the left ventral palpebra and convex pinnae bilaterally. Multiple incisional biopsies were consistent with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The pig was hospitalised for three sessions of electrochemotherapy, with intralesional bleomycin chemotherapy conducted over 1 month. No significant complications from the chemotherapy occurred. Long‐term follow‐up for newly developing lesions on the pinnae and periocular skin included treatment with CO2 laser and cryosurgery with success. Although squamous cell carcinoma is a common finding in food animals, methods other than humane euthanasia for long‐term management of this disease in pigs is poorly documented. Pigs are increasingly becoming popular pet animals, and veterinarians need to consider new modalities and treatment approaches for management of cutaneous neoplasms. This case report describes a comprehensive clinical workup, treatment and long‐term management of squamous cell carcinoma in a domesticated, pet American Yorkshire barrow not intended for food consumption.
Reliability modelling and evaluating of wind turbine considering imperfect repair
Authors: Fan Panpan , Yuan Yiping , Gao Jianxiong , Zhang Yuchao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo model and evaluate the reliability of wind turbine (WT) under imperfect repair, an improved Log-linear Proportional Intensity Model (LPIM)-based method was proposed. Initially, using the three-parameter bounded intensity process (3-BIP) as the benchmark failure intensity function of LPIM, an imperfect repair effect-aware WT reliability description model was developed. Among them, the 3-BIP was used to describe the evolution process of the failure intensity in the stable operation stage with running time, while the LPIM reflected the repair effect. Second, the estimation problem for model parameters was transformed into a minimum solution problem for a nonlinear objective function, which was then solved using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The confidence interval of model parameters was finally estimated using the inverse Fisher information matrix method. Key reliability indices interval estimation based on the Delta method and point estimation was derived. The proposed method was applied to a wind farm’s WT failure truncation time. The proposed method has a higher goodness of fit based on verification and comparison. As a result, it can bring the evaluated reliability closer to engineering practice.
Effect of minor allele frequency and density of single nucleotide polymorphism marker arrays on imputation performance and prediction ability using the single-step genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction in a simulated beef cattle population
Authors: Rodríguez Juan Diego , Peripolli Elisa , Londoño-Gil Marisol , Espigolan Rafael , Lôbo Raysildo Barbosa , López-Correa Rodrigo , Aguilar Ignacio , Baldi Fernando 
Published: April 2023

Context In beef cattle populations, there is little evidence regarding the minimum number of genetic markers needed to obtain reliable genomic prediction and imputed genotypes. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker density and minor allele frequency (MAF), on genomic predictions and imputation performance for high and low heritability traits using the single-step genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction methodology (ssGBLUP) in a simulated beef cattle population. Methods The simulated genomic and phenotypic data were obtained through QMsim software. 735 293 SNPs markers and 7000 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were randomly simulated. The mutation rate (10−5), QTL effects distribution (gamma distribution with shape parameter = 0.4) and minor allele frequency (MAF ≥ 0.02) of markers were used for quality control. A total of 335k SNPs (high density, HD) and 1000 QTLs were finally considered. Densities of 33 500 (35k), 16 750 (16k), 4186 (4k) and 2093 (2k) SNPs were customised through windows of 10, 20, 80 and 160 SNPs by chromosome, respectively. Three marker selection criteria were used within windows: (1) informative markers with MAF values close to 0.5 (HI); (2) less informative markers with the lowest MAF values (LI); (3) markers evenly distributed (ED). We evaluated the prediction of the high-density array and of 12 scenarios of customised SNP arrays, further the imputation performance of them. The genomic predictions and imputed genotypes were obtained with Blupf90 and FImpute software, respectively, and statistics parameters were applied to evaluate the accuracy of genotypes imputed. The Pearson’s correlation, the coefficient of regression, and the difference between genomic predictions and true breeding values were used to evaluate the prediction ability (PA), inflation (b), and bias (d), respectively. Key results Densities above 16k SNPs using HI and ED criteria displayed lower b, higher PA and higher imputation accuracy. Consequently, similar values of PA, b and d were observed with the use of imputed genotypes. The LI criterion with densities higher than 35k SNPs, showed higher PA and similar predictions using imputed genotypes, however lower b and quality of imputed genotypes were observed. Conclusion The results obtained showed that at least 5% of HI or ED SNPs available in the HD array are necessary to obtain reliable genomic predictions and imputed genotypes. Implications The development of low-density customised arrays based on criteria of MAF and even distribution of SNPs, might be a cost-effective and feasible approach to implement genomic selection in beef cattle.
Boolean network sketches: a unifying framework for logical model inference
Authors: Beneš Nikola , Brim Luboš , Huvar Ondřej , Pastva Samuel , Šafránek David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The problem of model inference is of fundamental importance to systems biology. Logical models (e.g. Boolean networks; BNs) represent a computationally attractive approach capable of handling large biological networks. The models are typically inferred from experimental data. However, even with a substantial amount of experimental data supported by some prior knowledge, existing inference methods often focus on a small sample of admissible candidate models only.

Results
We propose Boolean network sketches as a new formal instrument for the inference of Boolean networks. A sketch integrates (typically partial) knowledge about the network’s topology and the update logic (obtained through, e.g. a biological knowledge base or a literature search), as well as further assumptions about the properties of the network’s transitions (e.g. the form of its attractor landscape), and additional restrictions on the model dynamics given by the measured experimental data. Our new BNs inference algorithm starts with an ‘initial’ sketch, which is extended by adding restrictions representing experimental data to a ‘data-informed’ sketch and subsequently computes all BNs consistent with the data-informed sketch. Our algorithm is based on a symbolic representation and coloured model-checking. Our approach is unique in its ability to cover a broad spectrum of knowledge and efficiently produce a compact representation of all inferred BNs. We evaluate the method on a non-trivial collection of real-world and simulated data.

Availability and implementation
All software and data are freely available as a reproducible artefact at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7688740.
Transepithelial Barrier Dysfunction Drives Microbiota Dysbiosis to Initiate Epithelial Clock-driven Inflammation
Authors: Pai Yu-Chen , Li Yi-Hsuan , Turner Jerrold R , Yu Linda Chia-Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Factors that contribute to inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] pathogenesis include genetic polymorphisms, barrier loss, and microbial dysbiosis. A major knowledge gap exists in the origins of the colitogenic microbiome and its relationship with barrier impairment. Epithelial myosin light chain kinase [MLCK] is a critical regulator of the paracellular barrier, but the effects of MLCK activation on the intraepithelial bacteria [IEB] and dysbiosis are incompletely understood. We hypothesise that MLCK-dependent bacterial endocytosis promotes pathobiont conversion and shapes a colitogenic microbiome.

Methods
To explore this, transgenic [Tg] mice with barrier loss induced by intestinal epithelium-specific expression of a constitutively active MLCK were compared with wild-type [WT] mice.

Results
When progeny of homozygous MLCK-Tg mice were separated after weaning by genotype [Tg/Tg, Tg/WT, WT/WT], increased IEB numbers associated with dysbiosis and more severe colitis were present in Tg/Tg and Tg/WT mice, relative to WT/WT mice. Cohousing with MLCK-Tg mice induced dysbiosis, increased IEB abundance, and exacerbated colitis in WT mice. Conversely, MLCK-Tg mice colonised with WT microbiota at birth displayed increased Escherichia abundance and greater colitis severity by 6 weeks of age. Microarray analysis revealed circadian rhythm disruption in WT mice co-housed with MLCK-Tg mice relative to WT mice housed only with WT mice. This circadian disruption required Rac1/STAT3-dependent microbial invasion but not MLCK activity, and resulted in increased proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid downregulation.

Conclusions
The data demonstrate that barrier dysfunction induces dysbiosis and expansion of invasive microbes that lead to circadian disruption and mucosal inflammation. These results suggest that barrier-protective or bacterium-targeted precision medicine approaches may be of benefit to IBD patients.
Aging on the Job? The Association Between Occupational Characteristics and Accelerated Biological Aging
Authors: Andrasfay Theresa , Kim Jung Ki , Ailshire Jennifer A , Crimmins Eileen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
There is a common belief that demanding jobs can make workers age faster, but there is little empirical evidence linking occupational characteristics to accelerated biological aging. We examine how occupational categorizations and self-reported working conditions are associated with expanded biological age, which incorporates 22 biomarkers and captures physiologic dysregulation throughout several bodily systems.

Methods
Data are from 1,133 participants in the Health and Retirement Study who were aged 51–60 and working for pay in the 2010 or 2012 wave and who participated in the 2016 Venous Blood Study. We estimate associations between occupational category (professional/managerial, sales/clerical, service, and manual) and self-reported working conditions (psychosocial demands, job control, heavy lifting, and working 55 or more hours per week) and expanded biological age.

Results
Compared to same-age individuals working in professional or managerial positions, those working in service jobs appear 1.65 years older biologically even after adjusting for social and economic characteristics, self-reported working conditions, health insurance, and lifestyle-related risk factors. Low job control is associated with 1.40 years, heavy lifting with 2.08 years, and long working hours with 1.87 years of accelerated biological aging.

Discussion
Adverse occupational characteristics held at midlife, particularly service work, low job control, heavy lifting, and long work hours, are associated with accelerated biological aging. These findings suggest that work may be important for the overall aging process beyond its associations with specific diseases or risk factors.