bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine dermatitis on contacting grass leaf: A case series
Authors: Mason Kenneth , Ruutu Merja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPruritus is a common clinical sign in dogs for which owners seek veterinary attention. Its diagnosis and treatment are often a source of frustration for the owner and veterinarian. Contact dermatitis is rarely considered, even when lesions are located only on the skin. This report describes the immediate reaction to grass leaf material after skin exposure, with similarities to human protein contact dermatitis.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo describe the history, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, and characteristics of an undescribed canine pruritic dermatitis that is clinically distinct from canine atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis.AnimalsEighteen pet dogs living in Australia were referred for unresolved pruritic dermatitis.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical records from patients with pruritic dermatitis after contacting grass leaves. Findings on skin testing, isolation, challenge, and description of skin lesions are described.ResultsDogs had an inflammatory and pruritic dermatitis affecting the ventral chest, anterior‐medial thighs and distal limb, areas that had been in contact with grass, which dogs instinctively avoided. Erythema and erythematous macules and papules were characteristic in the affected skin, inducing coat loss, and thickened pigmented skin. Isolating the dogs from grass resolved their clinical signs and pruritus returned within hours of contact with causative grass.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceA literature review revealed that this canine dermatitis was similar to human protein contact dermatitis. The impact may be enormous for the treatment of dogs having this disease because the treatment path differs from the therapeutic options of common canine pruritic skin disorders, including the possibility of cure by avoidance.
The set of mildly regular boundary points has full caloric measure
Authors: Watson Neil A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe introduce a new kind of regularity in the Dirichlet problem for the heat equation, called mild regularity. The mildly regular boundary points include all types of regular points previously considered. Just as regular boundary points have barriers associated with them, the mildly regular boundary points have mild barriers, which are just as important. We consider whether the mild regularity of a boundary point for an open set is inherited by an open subset or superset. We detail the connection of mild regularity with the Green function. We consider, in particular, subdomains of an arbitrary open set that satisfy a certain connectivity condition which takes account of the special nature of the temporal variable, called zones of influence. Our main theorem states that, for any zone of influence, the set of boundary points that are not mildly regular is caloric measure null.
Dysfunction of Lamin B and Physiological Aging Cause Telomere Instability in Drosophila Germline
Authors: Morgunova Valeriya V. , Sokolova Olesya A. , Sizova Tatyana V. , Malaev Leonid G. , Babaev Dmitry S. , Kwon Dmitry A. , Kalmykova Alla I. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chromatin spatial organization in the nucleus is essential for the genome functioning and regulation of gene activity. The nuclear lamina and lamina-associated proteins, lamins, play a key role in this process. Lamin dysfunction leads to the decompaction and transcriptional activation of heterochromatin, which is associated with the premature aging syndrome. In many cell types, telomeres are located at the nuclear periphery, where their replication and stability are ensured by the nuclear lamina. Moreover, diseases associated with defects in lamins and telomeres have similar manifestations and resemble physiological aging. Understanding molecular changes associated with aging at the organismal level is especially important. In this study, we compared the effects caused by the mutation in lamin B and physiological aging in the germline of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. We have shown that the impaired localization of lamin B leads to the heterochromatin decompaction and transcriptional activation of some transposable elements and telomeric repeats. Both DNA damage and activation of homologous recombination in the telomeres were observed in the germ cells of lamin B mutants. The instability of repeat-enriched heterochromatin can be directly related to the genome destabilization, germ cell death, and sterility observed in lamin B mutants. Similar processes were observed in Drosophila germline in the course of physiological aging, which indicates a close link between the maintenance of the heterochromatin stability at the nuclear periphery and mechanisms of aging.
Background rate estimations for thrombosis with thrombocytopaenia: challenges in evaluating rare safety signals following vaccination in real time during a pandemic
Authors: Müllerová Hana , Medin Jennie , Arnold Matthew , Gomes da Silva Hugo , Kumar Supriya , Nord Magnus , Hubbard Richard , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesDuring COVID-19 vaccination programmes, new safety signals have emerged for vaccines, including extremely rare cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopaenia syndrome (TTS). Background event rates before and during the pandemic are essential for contextualisation of such infrequent events. In the literature, most studies do not report an overall TTS event rate. Rather, background rates are mainly reported for subtypes of thrombotic/thromboembolic diagnoses included in the TTS clinical definition mostly by anatomical location, with reported rates for TTS subtypes varying widely. The objective of this study was to report prepandemic TTS background event rates in the general population.MethodsPrepandemic background TTS rates were generated via secondary data analysis using a cohort design in the IBM Truven MarketScan (now Merative MarketScan) US health insurance claims database, from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Two algorithms were applied: thrombocytopaenia occurring±7 days (algorithm 1) or occurring 1 day prior to ≤14 days after the thrombotic/thromboembolic event (algorithm 2).ResultsThe study population derived from the MarketScan database analysis included approximately 9.8 million adults (aged ≥18 years; mean age 45 years, 52% females). Using this study population, prepandemic background TTS incidence was estimated as 9.8–11.1 per 100 000 person-years. Event rates were higher in males and increased with age. Similar patterns were observed with both algorithms.ConclusionsThis study presents an estimate of aggregate prepandemic background TTS event rates including by type of thrombosis/thromboembolism and age group. The background event rates are dependent on the precision of capturing underlying TTS events in variable data sources, and the ability of electronic health records or insurance claims databases to reflect the TTS clinical definition. Differences between reported event rates demonstrate that estimating background event rates for rare, unprecedented safety events is methodologically challenging.
Relationship between COVID-19 care and burnout among postgraduate clinical residents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Nishizaki Yuji , Nagasaki Kazuya , Shikino Kiyoshi , Kurihara Masaru , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Kataoka Koshi , Shimizu Taro , Yamamoto Yu , Fukui Sho , Nishiguchi Sho , Katayama Kohta , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe relationship between the care of patients with COVID-19 and mental health among resident physicians in Japan is imperative for ensuring appropriate care of patients with COVID-19 and should be clarified. We herein assessed the relationship between the care of patients with COVID-19 and mental health among postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) and PGY-2 resident physicians and factors associated with mental health.DesignThis nationwide cross-sectional study analysed data obtained using the clinical training environment self-reported questionnaire.SettingAn observational study across Japan among resident physicians (PGY-1 and PGY-2) from 583 teaching hospitals.ParticipantsExaminees who took the general medicine in-training examination of academic year 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Patient Health Questionnaire and Mini-Z 2.0 were used to assess mental health, and experience of caring for patients with COVID-19 was divided into three groups (none, 1–10 and ≥11). The prevalence of mental conditions in the three groups was compared using the ‘modified’ Poisson generalised estimating equations by adjusting for prefecture-level, hospital-level and resident-level variables.ResultsOf the 5976 participants analysed, 50.9% were PGY-1. The prevalence of burnout was 21.4%. Moreover, 47.0% of all resident physicians had no experience in the care of patients with COVID-19. The well-experienced group accounted for only 7.9% of the total participants. A positive association was found between the number of caring patients with COVID-19 and burnout (prevalence ratio 1.25; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.53). Moreover, the shortage of personal protective equipment was identified as a major contributor to burnout (prevalence ratio 1.60; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.88).ConclusionsResident physicians who experienced more care of patients with COVID-19 had slightly greater burnout prevalence than those who did not. Approximately half of resident physicians did not participate in the care of patients with COVID-19, which posed a challenge from an educational perspective.
Precision medicine in laryngeal cancer: protocol of the laryngeal cancer cohort (LARCH)
Authors: Hamilton David Winston , O’Hara James , Rajgor Amarkumar , Selby Gerald , Anderson Mhairi , Keltie Kim , Parker Rosalyn , Teare Dawn , Patterson Joanne , Jones Terry M , Sharp Linda 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionLaryngeal cancer disproportionately affects socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. Treatment can render a patient nil by mouth or in need of a permanent tracheostomy. In the past 30 years, survival has remained at best static and at worst it has declined. Currently, there is no method of prognosticating how a patient will respond to treatment.The LARyngeal Cancer coHort (LARCH) aims to establish how survival and quality-of-life outcomes compare between surgery and (chemo)radiotherapy in early and advanced laryngeal cancer and how the presenting features of laryngeal cancer influence oncological, functional and quality-of-life outcome.Methods and analysisThis study is the first enhanced laryngeal cancer disease cohort. In the initial phase, we aim to deliver a prospective cohort study of 150 patients in 8 centres over a 3-year period.Patient, tumour, quality-of-life and laryngeal functional data will be collected from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. Multiple logistic regression analyses will be used to quantify locoregional control and identify factors associated with control overall and by treatment modality and identify factors associated with quality of life overall and by treatment modality.Ethics and disseminationMost interventions take place as part of routine care, with LARCH providing a mechanism for recording this data centrally. When successfully recruiting in the North of England, we plan to roll out LARCH nationwide; in the future, LARCH can be used as a trial platform in the disease. The results will be submitted for publication in high-impact international peer-reviewed journals and presented to scientific meetings. Access to the anonymised LARCH dataset by other researchers will be publicised and promoted.Trial registration numberISRCTN27819867.
Differences in patient characteristics, clinical practice and outcomes of cardiac implantable electric device therapy between Japan and the USA: a cross-sectional study using data from nationally representative administrative databases
Authors: Tonegawa-Kuji Reina , Inoue Yuko Y , Nakai Michikazu , Kanaoka Koshiro , Sumita Yoko , Miyazaki Yuichiro , Wakamiya Akinori , Shimamoto Keiko , Ueda Nobuhiko , Nakajima Kenzaburo , Wada Mitsuru , Kamakura Tsukasa , Yamagata Kenichiro , Ishibashi Kohei , Miyamoto Koji , Nagase Satoshi , Aiba Takeshi , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Iwanaga Yoshitaka , Kusano Kengo 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo identify differences in patient characteristics, clinical practice and outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy between Japan and the USA.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingNationally representative administrative databases from Japan and the USA containing hospitalisations with first-time implantations of pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) and cardiac-resynchronisation therapy with or without defibrillators (CRTP/CRTD).ParticipantsPatients hospitalised with first-time implantations of CIEDs.Outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality, in-hospital complication and 30-day readmission rates.ResultsOverall, 107 339 (median age 78 (71–84), 48 415 women) and 295 584 (age 76 (67–83), 127 349 women) records with CIED implantations were included from Japan and the USA, respectively. Proportion of women in defibrillator recipients was lower in Japan than in the USA (ICD, 21% vs 28%, p<0.001; CRTD, 24% vs 29%, p<0.001). Length of stay after CIED implantation was longer in Japan than in the USA for all device types (conventional pacemaker, 8(7–11) vs 1 (1–3) days, p<0.001; leadless pacemaker, 5 (3–9) vs 2 (1–5) days, p<0.001; ICD, 8 (7–11) vs 1 (1–3) days, p<0.001, CRTP, 9 (7–13) vs 2 (1–4) days, p<0.001; CRTD, 9 (8–14) vs 2 (1–4) days, p<0.001). In-hospital mortality after CIED implantation was similar between Japan and the USA ((OR) (95% CI), conventional pacemaker 0.58 (0.83 to 1.004); ICD 0.77 (0.57 to 1.03); CRTP 0.85 (0.51 to 1.44); CRTD 1.11 (0.81 to 1.51)), except that after leadless pacemaker implantation in Japan was lower than that in the USA (0.32 (0.23 to 0.43)). 30-day readmission rates were lower in Japan than in the USA for all device types (conventional pacemaker 0.55 (0.53 to 0.57); leadless pacemaker 0.50 (0.43 to 0.58); ICD 0.54 (0.49 to 0.58); CRTP 0.51 (0.42 to 0.62); CRTD 0.57 (0.51 to 0.64)).ConclusionsInternational variations in patient characteristics, practice and outcomes were observed. In-hospital mortality after CIED implantation was similar between Japan and the USA, except in cases of leadless pacemaker recipients.
DirEct versus VIdeo LaryngosCopE (DEVICE): protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomised clinical trial in critically ill adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation
Authors: Prekker Matthew E , Driver Brian E , Trent Stacy A , Resnick-Ault Daniel , Seitz Kevin , Russell Derek W , Gandotra Sheetal , Gaillard John P , Gibbs Kevin W , Latimer Andrew , Whitson Micah R , Ghamande Shekhar , Vonderhaar Derek J , Walco Jeremy P , Hansen Sydney J , Douglas Ivor S , Barnes Christopher R , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Bastman Jill J , Lloyd Bradley Daniel , Robison Sarah W , Palakshappa Jessica A , Mitchell Steven , Page David B , White Heath D , Espinera Alyssa , Hughes Christopher , Joffe Aaron M , Herbert J Taylor , Schauer Steven G , Long Brit J , Imhoff Brant , Wang Li , Rhoads Jillian P , Womack Kelsey N , Janz David , Self Wesley H , Rice Todd W , Ginde Adit A , Casey Jonathan D , Semler Matthew W 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAmong critically ill patients undergoing orotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU), failure to visualise the vocal cords and intubate the trachea on the first attempt is associated with an increased risk of complications. Two types of laryngoscopes are commonly available: direct laryngoscopes and video laryngoscopes. For critically ill adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation, it remains uncertain whether the use of a video laryngoscope increases the incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt compared with the use of a direct laryngoscope.Methods and analysisTheDirEct versusVIdeo LaryngosCopE(DEVICE) trial is a prospective, multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial being conducted in 7 EDs and 10 ICUs in the USA. The trial plans to enrol up to 2000 critically ill adults undergoing orotracheal intubation with a laryngoscope. Eligible patients are randomised 1:1 to the use of a video laryngoscope or a direct laryngoscope for the first intubation attempt. The primary outcome is successful intubation on the first attempt. The secondary outcome is the incidence of severe complications between induction and 2 min after intubation, defined as the occurrence of one or more of the following: severe hypoxaemia (lowest oxygen saturation <80%); severe hypotension (systolic blood pressure <65 mm Hg or new or increased vasopressor administration); cardiac arrest or death. Enrolment began on 19 March 2022 and is expected to be completed in 2023.Ethics and disseminationThe trial protocol was approved with waiver of informed consent by the single institutional review board at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Human Research Protection Office of the Department of Defense. The results will be presented at scientific conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05239195).
Ultrasensitive electrochemical phosphate detection by pyridine–zinc(II) complex
Authors: Browne Kailey , Pei Yu , Singh Ishwar , Payne Sarah Jane , She Zhe 
Published: January 2023

Phosphorous is an important environmental health parameter as the availability of phosphorus within water systems plays an essential role in the prevalence of harmful algal blooms (cyanobacteria blooms). Currently, phosphates are detected using sensitive chromatographic and colorimetric techniques; however, major disadvantages stem from the lack of anion selectivity in samples with complex matrices, as well as the high cost of analysis. Electrochemical techniques utilizing self-assembled monolayers can provide a cheaper yet sensitive method of detection. This work explores the modification of a gold working electrode using pyridine–zinc(II) complexes. The implementation of self-assembled monolayers allows for an ultrasensitive and selective method of indirect detection of the H2PO4 − species, ranging in concentrations between 0.0 and 1.2 fmol/L phosphate. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry were explored for their phosphate-detection abilities, with detection limits of 4.0 × 10−16 and 9.0 × 10−17 mol/L H2PO4 −, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were also taken to confirm the modification of the electrode. The selectivity of this sensor towards phosphate anions was successfully explored for this sensor in the presence of potential interfering agents (sulfate, chlorine, carbonate, fluoride, nitrite, and hypochlorite ions), and applicability of sensor was also explored through the detection of phosphate in a tap and lake water sample.
On possible composite structure of scalar fields in expanding universe
Authors: Zheltukhin A. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScalar fields in curved backgrounds are assumed to be composite objects. As an example realizing such a possibility we consider a model of the massless tensor field $$l_{\mu \nu }(x)$$

l

μ
ν

(
x
)

in a 4-dim. background $$g_{\mu \nu }(x)$$

g

μ
ν

(
x
)

with spontaneously broken Weyl and scale symmetries. It is shown that the potential of $$l_{\mu \nu }$$

l

μ
ν

, represented by a scalar quartic polynomial, has the degenerate extremal described by the composite Nambu–Goldstone scalar boson $$\phi (x):=g^{\mu \nu }l_{\mu \nu }$$

ϕ

(
x
)

:
=

g

μ
ν

l

μ
ν

. Removal of the degeneracy shows that $$\phi $$
ϕ
acquires a non-zero vev $$\langle \phi \rangle _{0}=\mu $$

⟨
ϕ
⟩

0

=
μ

which, together with the free parameters of the potential, defines the cosmological constant. The latter is zero for a certain choice of the parameters.
The k-Sombor Index of Trees
Authors: Wang Fangxia , Wu Baoyindureng 
Published: January 2023

For a positive real number [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text]-Sombor index of a graph [Formula: see text], introduced by Réti et al, is defined as [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] denotes the degree of the vertex [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. By the definition, [Formula: see text] is exactly the Sombor index of [Formula: see text], while [Formula: see text] is the first Zagreb index of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, for [Formula: see text] we present the extremal values of the [Formula: see text]-Sombor index of trees with some given parameters, such as matching number, the number of pendant vertices, diameter. This generalizes the relevant results on Sombor index due to Chen, Li and Wang ((2002). Extremal values on the Sombor index of trees, MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry, 87, 23–49). Handling [Formula: see text] appears to be different for [Formula: see text] in contrast to the case when [Formula: see text]. To demonstrate this, we also characterize the extremal trees with respect to the [Formula: see text] with matching number, the number of pendant vertices and diameter. In addition, three relevant conjectures are proposed.
SETDB1 Modulates Degradation of Phosphorylated RB and Anticancer Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitors
Authors: Huang Zhenlin , Li Xiang , Tang Bo , Li Hao , Zhang Jianong , Sun Rui , Ma Jian , Pan Yunqian , Yan Binyuan , Zhou Yingke , Ding Donglin , Yan Yuqian , Jimenez Rafael , Orme Jacob J. , Jin Xin , Yang Jinjian , Huang Haojie , Jia Zhankui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRetinoblastoma (RB) protein can exert tumor suppressor functions even when it becomes phosphorylated. It is thus essential to understand how phosphorylated RB (p-RB) expression and function are regulated. Here, we demonstrated that RING finger domain protein TRIM28 bound and promoted ubiquitination and degradation of CDK4/6-phosphorylated RB protein. SETDB1, a known TRIM28 binding partner, protected p-RB from degradation through the binding of methylated RB by its Tudor domain independent of its methyltransferase activity. SETDB1 was found to be frequently overexpressed due to gene amplification and positively correlated with p-RB in prostate cancer patient specimens. Inhibition of SETDB1 expression using a gene-specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) reduced tumor growth but accelerated RB protein degradation, limiting the therapeutic efficacy. However, coadministration of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib blocked ASO-induced RB degradation and resulted in a much greater cancer-inhibitory effect than each inhibitor alone both in vitro and in vivo. This study identified CDK4/6-dependent, TRIM28-mediated proteasomal degradation as a mechanism of RB inactivation and reveals SETDB1 as a key inhibitor of this process. Our findings suggest that combined targeting of SETDB1 and CDK4/6 represents a viable approach for the treatment of cancers with SETDB1 gene amplification or overexpression.Significance:The identification of a role for TRIM28 and SETDB1 in regulating CDK4/6-phosphorylated RB stability uncovers a combination strategy using CDK4/6 and SETDB1 inhibition to decrease RB degradation and inhibit cancer growth.
New Life of Topoisomerase I Inhibitors as Antibody–Drug Conjugate Warheads
Authors: Pommier Yves , Thomas Anish 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAntibody–drug conjugates (ADC) allow the delivery of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents to tumors. Two ADC delivering topoisomerase I (TOP1) poisons (Enhertu and Trodelvy) have recently been FDA-approved for Her2- and Trop2-expressing solid tumors. In a recent study, a TOP1-anti B7-H4 ADC was described and shown to be synergistic with a novel PARP1-selective inhibitor.See related article by Kinneer et al., p. 1086