bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with antibody titer levels among an occupational cohort of fully vaccinated individuals and subsequent risk of COVID‐19 infection: A cohort study
Authors: Wasserman Erin B. , Sills Allen K. , Martins Damion , Casolaro Anthony , Walton Patti , Anderson Deverick , Pasha Saamir , O'Neal Catherine , Eichner Daniel , Osterholm Michael , Mancell Jimmie , Mack Christina D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study (1) determined the association of time since initial vaccine regimen, booster dose receipt, and COVID‐19 history with antibody titer, as well as change in titer levels over a defined period, and (2) determined risk of COVID‐19 associated with low titer levels. This observational study used data from staff participating in the National Football League COVID‐19 Monitoring Program. A cohort of staff consented to antibody‐focused sub‐study, during which detailed longitudinal data were collected. Among all staff in the program who received antibody testing, COVID‐19 incidence following antibody testing was determined. Five hundred eighty‐six sub‐study participants completed initial antibody testing; 80% (469) completed follow‐up testing 50−101 days later. Among 389 individuals who were not boosted at initial testing, the odds of titer < 1000 AU/mL (vs. ≥1000 AU/mL) increased 44% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18−1.75) for every 30 days since final dose. Among 126 participants boosted before initial testing with no COVID‐19 history, 125 (99%) had a value > 2500 AU/ml; 86 (96%) of 90 tested at follow‐up and did not develop COVID‐19 in the interim remained at that value. One thousand fifty‐seven fully vaccinated (330 [29%] boosted at antibody test) individuals participating in the monitoring program were followed to determine COVID‐19 status. Individuals with titer value < 1000 AU/mL had twice the risk of COVID‐19 as those with >2500 AU/mL (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.28−3.18). Antibody levels decrease postvaccination; boosting increases titer values. While antibody level is not a clear proxy for infection immunity, lower titer values are associated with higher COVID‐19 incidence, suggesting increased protection from boosters.
Turning 30 and myopic? Temporal orientation and the firm lifecycle
Authors: Lefebvre Vivien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA vast body of literature shows that large, publicly listed firms suffer from managerial short‐termism and inadequate temporal orientation. We study the temporal orientations, measured as the investment horizons, of firms throughout their lifecycles. We build on theoretical arguments from organizational learning theory and agency theory to argue that the relationship between firm age and the investment horizon is quadratic, with an inverted U shape. Using a large sample of publicly listed and privately held European firms, we obtain results consistent with this prediction. Our results support the idea that younger firms gradually learn to use more sophisticated investment decision criteria, thus resulting in longer investment horizons. However, this effect is bounded by changes in governance structure, such as the separation of ownership from control that results from the transition from an owner‐managed status to a professionally managed status. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Intelligent flexible manipulator system based on flexible tactile sensing (IFMSFTS) for kiwifruit ripeness classification
Authors: Qin Leqin , Zhang Junchang , Stevan Stankovski , Xing Shaohua , Zhang Xiaoshuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsumers all throughout the world enjoy kiwifruit. After harvest, there are as much as 20–25% of kiwifruit lost along the entire industrial chain. An intelligent flexible manipulator system based on flexible tactile sensing (IFMSFTS) was created to automatically and intelligently classify kiwifruit ripeness in order to minimize loss.RESULTThe flexible manipulator is coupled with the flexible tactile sensor. When kiwifruits are being gripped by the manipulator, the flexible sensor perceives their firmness, and the mapping relationship between firmness and ripeness allows for the prediction and evaluation of the kiwifruit's ripeness. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to minimize the dimension of the sample firmness data set. K‐Nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are utilized to train and test the data. The findings indicate that PCA‐KNN's classification accuracy is 97.5% and PCA‐SVM's classification accuracy is 96.24%. The first is a better fit.CONCLUSIONIFMSFTS can precisely classify ripeness, effectively address the issue of fruit loss, and realize the sustainable and clean production of fruit by sensing the firmness of kiwifruit and relying on the mapping link between firmness and ripeness. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Variations in chemical composition of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) as a result of different environmental conditions
Authors: Wiśniewska Magdalena , Mańkowski Dariusz R. , Fraś Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommon buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a pseudo cereal that is gaining interest in the world. The chemical profile of common buckwheat determines its high nutritional and health‐promoting value. The accumulation of these valuable ingredients depends on many factors, such as: variety, location of cultivation and related weather and agrotechnical conditions. Due to the growing interest in common buckwheat as a natural plant material for food production, it is important to know the factors affecting the quantitative and qualitative composition of its grains. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the genotype (G), environment (E) and G × E interaction on the content of nutrients (protein, starch, ash, lipids) and bioactive components [dietary fiber (DF), total phenolic content (TPC)] in the common buckwheat grains. The study covered four cultivars grown in three locations for three consecutive vegetation seasons (2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019).RESULTSBased on the obtained results, a significant influence of the environment and G × E interaction on the content of the studied parameters was found. The greatest impact on the diversity of the content of nutrients had environmental conditions, which in the case of protein and ash determined these features in more than 80%, and in the case of starch, 70%. With regard to bioactive compounds, the greatest influence of the environment was observed for the amount of TPC (78%), lignin (51%) and the DF complex (56%).CONCLUSIONThe obtained results are useful for breeders working on expanding the pool of common buckwheat genotypes, stable in changing environmental conditions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Implementing Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound for Acute Scrotal Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Park Jun Sung , Kim Dahyun , Chun Min Kyo , Choi Seung Jun , Lee Jong Seung , Ryu Jeong‐Min , Lee Jeong‐Yong 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTesticular torsion (TT) is a pediatric surgical emergency that requires prompt treatment. This study investigated the feasibility of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) for diagnosing TT in the pediatric emergency department (ED).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients, aged 18 years or younger, who visited a university‐affiliated hospital pediatric ED with acute scrotal pain without trauma history and underwent diagnostic ultrasounds between January 2010 and October 2022.ResultsThis study included 731 patients (median age: 9 years), Of these, 315 (43%) were in the POCUS‐performed group: 188 in the POCUS‐only group, and 127 in the POCUS‐and‐RADUS group. The other 416 patients (56.9%) were in the RADUS‐only group. In total, 45 patients (6.2%) were diagnosed with TT (19 in the POCUS‐performed group and 26 in the RADUS‐only group). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of POCUS for diagnosing TT were 94.7%, 92.9%, 46.2%, and 99.6%, respectively. The median time to perform POCUS was shorter than RADUS (23 versus 61 minutes,P < .001). The POCUS‐performed group had a shorter ED length of stay than the RADUS‐only group (93 versus 170 minutes,P < .001). Among the patients diagnosed with TT, performing POCUS first did not significantly delay the ED process, including time to operation (250 versus 205 minutes,P = .142).ConclusionsFor patients with acute scrotal pain, evaluation performed by pediatric emergency physicians using POCUS performs well in screening TT, and can decrease length of stay in the ED.
Real‐time laser speckle contrast imaging measurement during normothermic machine perfusion in pretransplant kidney assessment
Authors: Fang Yitian , van Ooijen Lisanne , Ambagtsheer Gisela , Nikolaev Anton V. , Clahsen‐van Groningen Marian C. , Dankelman Jenny , de Bruin Ron W. F. , Minnee Robert C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesNormothermic machine perfusion (NMP) provides a platform for pre‐transplant kidney quality assessment that is essential for the use of marginal donor kidneys. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) presents distinct advantages as a real‐time and noncontact imaging technique for measuring microcirculation. In this study, we aimed to assess the value of LSCI in visualizing renal cortical perfusion and investigate the additional value of dual‐side LSCI measurements compared to single aspect measurement during NMP.MethodsPorcine kidneys were obtained from a slaughterhouse and then underwent NMP. LSCI was used to measure one‐sided cortical perfusion in the first 100 min of NMP. Thereafter, the inferior renal artery branch was occluded to induce partial ischemia and LSCI measurements on both ventral and dorsal sides were performed.ResultsLSCI fluxes correlated linearly with the renal blood flow (R2 = 0.90, p < 0.001). After renal artery branch occlusion, absence of renal cortical perfusion could be visualized and semiquantified by LSCI. The overall ischemic area percentage of the ventral and dorsal sides was comparable (median interquartile range [IQR], 38 [24−43]% vs. 29 [17−46]%, p = 0.43), but heterogenous patterns between the two aspects were observed. There was a significant difference in oxygen consumption (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 2.57 ± 0.63 vs. 1.83 ± 0.49 mLO2/min/100 g, p < 0.001), urine output (median [IQR], 1.3 [1.1−1.7] vs. 0.8 [0.6−1.3] mL/min, p < 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (mean ± SD, 768 ± 370 vs. 905 ± 401 U/L, p < 0.05) and AST (mean ± SD, 352 ± 285 vs. 462 ± 383 U/L, p < 0.01) before and after renal artery occlusion, while no significant difference was found in creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of sodium, total sodium reabsorption and histological damage.ConclusionsLSCI fluxes correlated linearly with renal blood flow during NMP. Renal cortical microcirculation and absent perfusion can be visualized and semiquantified by LSCI. It provides a relative understanding of perfusion levels, allowing for a qualitative comparison between regions in the kidney. Dual‐side LSCI measurements are of added value compared to single aspect measurement and renal function markers.
Synthesis and Characterization of Conjugated Polymers Based on Thieno[3,4‐b]Thiophene Quinoidal Unit
Authors: Shao Bo , He Yu , Wang Tianzuo , Yan Dongsheng , Yuan Yaofeng , Du Tian , Chi Chunyan , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDriven by the success of quinoidal units for enabling high‐performance polymer semiconductors, herein a new quinoidal building block that terminated by indandione is reported. By introducing Br atoms into the terminal benzene rings of indandione, two CPs, P2TbTI‐DPP and P2TbTI‐TIID, are synthesized through Stille polycondensation. The strong electron‐withdrawing ability of indandione‐terminated quinoidal unit enables P2TbTI‐DPP and P2TbTI‐TIID with low‐lying LUMO energy levels of ≈–3.90 eV. Organic thin‐film transistors based on P2TbTI‐DPP and P2TbTI‐TIID exhibit n‐type transport behavior. Besides, it is found that the electron mobility of these two polymers is weakly dependent on the annealing temperature due to the near‐amorphous of polymer thin‐film.
Inhibition of the dorsomedial striatal direct pathway is essential for the execution of action sequences
Authors: Kono Anna , Shikano Yu , Tanaka Kenji F. , Yamaura Katsunori , Tsutsui‐Kimura Iku 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContrary to the previous notion that the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is crucial for acquiring new learning, accumulated evidence has suggested that the DMS also plays a role in the execution of already learned action sequences. Here, we examined how the direct and indirect pathways in the DMS regulate action sequences using a task that requires animals to press a lever consecutively. Cell‐type‐specific bulk Ca2+ recording revealed that the direct pathway was inhibited at the time of sequence execution. The sequence‐related response was blunted in trials where the sequential behaviors were disrupted. Optogenetic activation at the sequence start caused distraction of action sequences without affecting motor function or memory of the task structure. By contrast with the direct pathway, the indirect pathway was slightly activated at the start of the sequence, but the optogenetic suppression of such sequence‐related signaling did not impact the behaviors. These results suggest that the inhibition of the DMS direct pathway promotes sequence execution potentially by suppressing the formation of a new association.
Surgical Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Congenital Head and Neck Teratomas: A Scoping Review
Authors: Patel Siddharth , Kunnath Ansley J. , Gallant Jean‐Nicolas , Belcher Ryan H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a scoping review to characterize postoperative outcomes of pediatric patients (ages 0‐18) with a history of congenital head and neck teratomas.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Clinicaltrails.gov.Review MethodsA search of multiple databases was performed. Studies were included if they detailed the surgical management and outcomes of pediatric patients with a history of congenital head and neck teratomas.ResultsOne hundred and eight studies totaling 137 patients were identified. The median gestational age at birth was 37 weeks. Respiratory distress, prompting emergent endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy, was present in most patients (58%). The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure was utilized for 21 (15%) patients. The teratomas were resected after a median duration of 4 days from birth. The most common postsurgical complications were vocal cord paralysis (3%), hemorrhage (2%), and tracheomalacia (2%). Death occurred perioperatively in 2 patients (2%). Twenty‐six patients (19%) required additional surgery, and 5 patients (4%) needed adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were monitored for a median duration of 24 months with a recurrence rate of 6%. Four recurrent cases (50%) had intracranial extension, and 88% of the recurrent cases were mature teratomas at initial histopathological diagnosis.ConclusionMost patients with congenital head and neck teratomas require emergent airway management perinatally. Excisional and surgical complications are rare, and most patients are cured of their disease with a single operation. Recurrent teratomas tend to have an intracranial extension and are likely to be of mature pathology at the time of initial diagnosis.
Head and Neck Necrotizing Fasciitis: Abbreviated SOFA Score Associated With Death and Infection Spread
Authors: Vittetoe Kelly L. , Johnson Samuel R. , Benvenuti Teresa A. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. , Moore‐Lotridge Stephanie N. , Rohde Sarah L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveDescribe features unique to head and neck (H&N) necrotizing fasciitis (NF) compared to other anatomic regions and specify a prognostic score associated with death and descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM).Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary care, level 1 trauma center.MethodsA single‐institution database identified 399 confirmed cases of NF between 2006 and 2021, 33 of which involved the H&N. Patients with confirmed H&N NF were sorted into cohorts based on clinical outcomes, with the “poor” outcomes group defined by death and/or DNM.ResultsThirty‐three patients with H&N NF were included. Compared to NF of other regions, patients with H&N NF had a significantly lower mortality rate (6.06% vs 20.8%, p = .041) and significantly lower rates of obesity (27.3% vs 63.7%, p < .001) and hypertension (42.4% vs 60.9%, p = .038). Within the H&N group, there were 2 deaths (6.06%) and 8 cases of DNM (24.2%). Diabetes was associated with poor outcomes (p = .047), as was an abbreviated sequential organ failure assessment score for necrotizing fasciitis (nfSOFA) of 2 or greater (p = .015).ConclusionH&N NF is unique among other forms of NF, with a lower mortality rate and lower rates of obesity and hypertension in affected patients. Within the H&N cohort, worse outcomes were associated with diabetes as well as a nfSOFA score of 2 or greater. Timely surgical debridement alongside broad‐spectrum antibiotics remains the mainstay of treatment for NF; however, this simple prognostic score may play a role during the early stages of care for patients with H&N NF.
Intravascular hemolysis triggers NAFLD characterized by a deregulation of lipid metabolism and lipophagy blockade
Authors: Rayego‐Mateos Sandra , Morgado‐Pascual José Luis , García‐Caballero Cristina , Lazaro Iolanda , Sala‐Vila Aleix , Opazo‐Rios Lucas , Mas‐Fontao Sebastian , Egido Jesús , Ruiz‐Ortega Marta , Moreno Juan Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntravascular hemolysis is a common feature of different clinical entities, including sickle cell disease and malaria. Chronic hemolytic disorders are associated with hepatic damage; however, it is unknown whether heme disturbs lipid metabolism and promotes liver steatosis, thereby favoring the progression to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Using an experimental model of acute intravascular hemolysis, we report here the presence of liver injury in association with microvesicular lipid droplet deposition. Hemolysis promoted serum hyperlipidemia and altered intrahepatic triglyceride fatty acid composition, with increments in oleic, palmitoleic, and palmitic acids. These findings were related to augmented expression of transporters involved in fatty acid uptake (CD36 and MSR1) and deregulation of LDL transport, as demonstrated by decreased levels of LDL receptor and increased PCSK9 expression. Hemolysis also upregulated hepatic enzymes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis (SREBP2, HMGC1, LCAT, SOAT1) and transcription factors regulating lipid metabolism (SREBP1). Increased LC3II/LC3I ratio and p62/SQSTM1 protein levels were reported in mice with intravascular hemolysis and hepatocytes stimulated with heme, indicating a blockade of lipophagy. In cultured hepatocytes, cell pretreatment with the autophagy inductor rapamycin diminished heme‐mediated toxicity and accumulation of lipid droplets. In conclusion, intravascular hemolysis enhances liver damage by exacerbating lipid accumulation and blocking the lipophagy pathway, thereby promoting NAFLD. These new findings have a high translational potential as a novel NAFLD‐promoting mechanism in individuals suffering from severe hemolysis episodes. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Multi‐institutional assessment of the prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors in children undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis in the United States
Authors: Zeineddin Suhail , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Bering Jakob , Hoyt David W. , Kastenberg Zachary J. , Brungardt Joseph , Dasgupta Roshni , Rinehardt Hannah N. , Malek Marcus M. , Ziogas Ioannis A. , Roach Jonathan P. , Craig Brian T. , Rothstein David H. , Lautz Timothy B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs non‐operative management of acute appendicitis in children has become more common, missed incidental appendiceal pathology can be an unintended consequence. We assessed the prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors in appendectomy specimens from eight US children's hospitals from 2012 to 2021. The prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) was found to be 1:271, with a median age of 14 years and 62% female. Most tumors were small (median 6 mm; interquartile range [IQR]: 3–10), and no recurrence was noted during the follow‐up period (median 22.5 months; IQR: 3–53). The possibility of delayed diagnosis of these tumors should be part of the discussion for non‐operative management of pediatric acute appendicitis.
TLC and HPTLC‐APCI‐MS for the rapid discrimination of plant resins frequently used for lacquers and varnishes by artists and conservators
Authors: Schendzielorz Marcel , Schmidt Theresa , Puchalla Nils , Csuk René , Kramell Annemarie E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionDepending on their terpenoid and phenolic constituents plant resins can be classified as diterpenoid, triterpenoid or phenolic resins; thereby the profile of diterpenes and triterpenes is considered as genus‐ or even species‐specific.ObjectivesWe aimed to develop a simple, rapid, inexpensive, sensitive and specific method for the identification of resin‐specific triterpenoid and phenolic compounds in plant resins using (HP)TLC [(high‐performance) thin‐layer chromatography] combined with APCI‐MS (atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry) and post‐chromatographic detection reactions.MethodsTwenty resin samples from different plant species were analysed. Different extraction procedures, post‐chromatographic detection reagents as well as various sorbents and solvents for planar chromatography were tested. To evaluate the potential of the optimised (HP)TLC‐APCI‐MS methods, parameter such as limit of detection (LOD) was determined for selected marker compounds.ResultsOur protocol enabled qualitative analyses of chemotaxonomic molecular markers in natural resins such as dammar, mastic, olibanum and benzoin. For the first time, the application of thionyl chloride‐stannic chloride reagent for a specific post‐chromatographic detection of triterpenes is reported, sometimes even allowing discrimination between isomers based on their characteristic colour sequences. For triterpene acids, triterpene alcohols and phenolic compounds, detection limits of 2–20 ng/TLC zone and a system precision with a relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 3.9%–7.0% were achieved by (HP)TLC‐APCI‐MS. The applicability of the method for the analysis of resin‐based varnishes was successfully tested on a mastic‐based varnish. Thus, the method we propose is a helpful tool for the discrimination of resins and resin‐based varnishes with respect to their botanical origin.
Plasma degradation of water organic pollutants: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and experiments
Authors: Brault Pascal , Bilea Florin , Magureanu Monica , Bradu Corina , Aubry Olivier , Rabat Hervé , Hong Dunpin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAb initio molecular dynamics simulations and experiments were carried out to study the interaction between plasma‐produced hydroxyl radicals and organic pollutant molecules in wastewater. The simulation method was validated on the degradation products of phenol and further applied to the more complex molecule of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The comparison with experimentally detected intermediate products obtained during plasma treatment of SMX solutions confirms the hydroxylation of the benzene and isoxazole rings observed in some of the simulations.