bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thicker Antarctic ice stream during the mid-Pliocene warm period
Authors: Mas e Braga Martim , Jones Richard S. , Bernales Jorge , Andersen Jane Lund , Fredin Ola , Morlighem Mathieu , Koester Alexandria J. , Lifton Nathaniel A. , Harbor Jonathan M. , Suganuma Yusuke , Glasser Neil F. , Rogozhina Irina , Stroeven Arjen P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIce streams regulate most ice mass loss in Antarctica. Determining ice stream response to warmer conditions during the Pliocene could provide insights into their future behaviour, but this is hindered by a poor representation of subglacial topography in ice-sheet models. We address this limitation using a high-resolution model for Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica). We show that contrary to dynamic thinning of the region’s ice streams following ice-shelf collapse, the largest ice stream, Jutulstraumen, thickens by 700 m despite lying on a retrograde bed slope. We attribute this counterintuitive thickening to a shallower Pliocene subglacial topography and inherent high lateral stresses at its flux gate. These conditions constrict ice drainage and, combined with increased snowfall, allow ice accumulation upstream. Similar stress balances and increased precipitation projections occur across 27% of present-day East Antarctica, and understanding how lateral stresses regulate ice-stream discharge is necessary for accurately assessing Antarctica’s future sea-level rise contribution.
Transcriptional and epigenetic decoding of the microglial aging process
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Li Yuxin , Jin Yuxiao , Zhang Yuheng , Wu Jingchuan , Xu Zhen , Huang Yubin , Cai Lin , Gao Shuai , Liu Taohui , Zeng Fanzhuo , Wang Yafei , Wang Wenxu , Yuan Ti-Fei , Tian Hengli , Shu Yousheng , Guo Feifan , Lu Wei , Mao Ying , Mei Xifan , Rao Yanxia , Peng Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs important immune cells, microglia undergo a series of alterations during aging that increase the susceptibility to brain dysfunctions. However, the longitudinal characteristics of microglia remain poorly understood. In this study, we mapped the transcriptional and epigenetic profiles of microglia from 3- to 24-month-old mice. We first discovered unexpected sex differences and identified age-dependent microglia (ADEM) genes during the aging process. We then compared the features of aging and reactivity in female microglia at single-cell resolution and epigenetic level. To dissect functions of aged microglia excluding the influence from other aged brain cells, we established an accelerated microglial turnover model without directly affecting other brain cells. By this model, we achieved aged-like microglia in non-aged brains and confirmed that aged-like microglia per se contribute to cognitive decline. Collectively, our work provides a comprehensive resource for decoding the aging process of microglia, shedding light on how microglia maintain brain functions.
Assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and barriers to uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wollburg Philip , Markhof Yannick , Kanyanda Shelton , Zezza Alberto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite improved availability of COVID-19 vaccines in Sub-Saharan Africa, vaccination campaigns in the region have struggled to pick up pace and trail the rest of the world. Yet, a successful vaccination campaign in Sub-Saharan Africa will be critical to containing COVID-19 globally.

Methods
Here, we present new descriptive evidence on vaccine hesitancy, uptake, last-mile delivery barriers, and potential strategies to reach those who remain unvaccinated. Our data comes from national high frequency phone surveys in six countries in East and West Africa with a total population of 415 million people. Samples were drawn from nationally representative samples of households interviewed in recent in-person surveys. Our estimates are based on a survey module harmonized across countries and are re-weighted to mitigate potential sample selection biases.

Results
We show that vaccine acceptance remains generally high among respondents in Sub-Saharan Africa (between 95.1% and 63.3%) even though hesitancy is non-negligible among those pending vaccination. Many who are willing to get vaccinated are deterred by a lack of easy access to vaccines at the local level. Furthermore, social ties and perceptions as well as intra-household power relations matter for vaccine take-up. Among the unvaccinated population, radio broadcasts have widespread reach and medical professionals are highly trusted.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight that creating a positive social norm around COVID-19 vaccination, messaging that leverages trusted and accessible information sources and channels, and more easily accessible vaccination sites at the community level are promising policy options to boost vaccination campaigns in the region and end the pandemic everywhere.
The brain structure, immunometabolic and genetic mechanisms underlying the association between lifestyle and depression
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Yang Liu , Sahakian Barbara J. , Langley Christelle , Zhang Wei , Kuo Kevin , Li Zeyu , Gan Yihan , Li Yuzhu , Zhao Yang , Yu Jintai , Feng Jianfeng , Cheng Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLifestyle factors have been acknowledged to be modifiable targets that can be used to counter the increasing prevalence of depression. This study aims to investigate combining an extensive range of lifestyle factors, including alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, sleep, smoking, sedentary behavior and social connection, that contribute to depression, and examine the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Over nine years of follow-up, a multivariate Cox model was utilized on 287,282 participants from UK Biobank to demonstrate the protective roles of seven lifestyle factors and combined lifestyle score on depression. Combining genetic risk and lifestyle category in 197,344 participants, we found that a healthy lifestyle decreased the risk of depression across a population with varied genetic risk. Mendelian randomization confirmed the causal relationship between lifestyle and depression. A broad range of brain regions and peripheral biomarkers were related to lifestyle, including the pallidum, the precentral cortex, triglycerides and C-reactive protein. Structural equation modeling on 18,244 participants revealed underlying neurobiological mechanisms involving lifestyle, brain structure, immunometabolic function, genetics and depression. Together, our findings suggest that adherence to a healthy lifestyle could aid in the prevention of depression.
MiRNA-423 rs6505162 and miRNA-6811 rs2292879 SNP associated with lung cancer in Hainan, China
Authors: Zhou Jing , Meng Chong , Li Yixuan , Fu Yihui , Long Wenfang , Huang Hairong , Liu Yunru , Lyu Pengfei , Xiao Sha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to exert significant influence on various physiological processes and diseases, including cancers. The primary objective of this present study was to examine the impact of eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA on the susceptibility to lung cancer (LC) within the Chinese Southern population.
Methods: The genotypes of these eight polymorphisms were determined in 132 LC patients and 214 cancer-free controls.
Results: In overall analyses, GG genotype of miRNA-6811 rs2292879 polymorphism was significantly correlated with increased risk of LC (GG vs. AA, adjusted OR = 5.10, 95% CI = 1.02–25.43, P=0.047), yet the genotype frequencies of rs2292879 SNP in controls did not met the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P=0.001) in present study. Stratified analyses by smoking revealed that miRNA-423 rs6505162 variants significantly decreased the LC risk in heterozygous (CA vs. CC, adjusted OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03–0.81, P=0.028) and recessive (AA vs. CA + CC, adjusted OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.03–0.90, P=0.038) genetic models in smoking population. However, miRNA-196A2 rs11614913, miRNA-196A2 rs12304647, miRNA-146A rs2910164, miRNA-16-1 rs1022960, miRNA-608 rs4919510, and miRNA-27a rs895819 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with LC.
Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate a potential decrease in LC risk among smokers with the miRNA-423 rs6505162 variants, while an increase in risk is associated with miRNA-6811 rs2292879 polymorphisms in the population of Southern Chinese. However, further well-designed research is necessary to fully understand the precise impact of these two SNPs on the development of LC.
Transferrin promotes chondrogenic differentiation in condylar growth through inducing autophagy via ULK1-ATG16L1 axis
Authors: Wen Xi , Wang Yixiang , Gu Yan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Skeletal mandibular hypoplasia (SMH) is one of the most common skeletal craniofacial deformities in orthodontics, which was often accompanied by impaired chondrogenesis and increasing apoptosis of condylar chondrocytes. Therefore, protecting chondrocytes from apoptosis and promoting chondrogenesis in condylar growth is vital for treatment of SMH patients. Transferrin (TF) was highly expressed in condylar cartilage of newborn mice and was gradually declined as the condyle ceased growing. Interestingly, serum level of TF in SMH patients was significantly lower than normal subjects. Hence, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of TF on survival and differentiation of chondrocytes and condylar growth. First, we found that TF protected chondrogenic cell line ATDC5 cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and promoted proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Second, TF promoted chondrogenic differentiation and survival through activating autophagic flux. Inhibiting autophagic flux markedly blocked the effects of TF. Third, TF significantly activated ULK1-ATG16L1 axis. Silencing either transferrin receptor (TFRC), ULK1/2 or ATG16 significantly blocked the autophagic flux induced by TF, as well as its effect on anti-apoptosis and chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we established an organoid culture model of mandible ex vivo and found that TF significantly promoted condylar growth. Taken together, our study unraveled a novel function of TF in condylar growth that TF protected chondrocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and promoted chondrogenic differentiation through inducing autophagy via ULK1-ATG16L1 axis, which demonstrated that TF could be a novel growth factor of condylar growth and shed new light on developing treatment strategy of SMH patients.
Order Affects Clear and Loud Speech Response
Authors: Whitfield Jason A. , Fullenkamp Adam M. , Kriegel Zoe 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of instruction order on the speech production response when adopting higher effort speaking styles, specifically loud and clear speech.

Method:
Speech intensity, lip aperture range, and speech rate data were collected from 24 talkers who repeated the utterance “Buy Bobby a puppy” using habitual, clear, and loud speech. Participants were assigned in quasi-random fashion to one of two groups: a Clear–Loud Group (11 participants; order: habitual-clear-loud) or a Loud–Clear Group (13 participants; order: habitual-loud-clear).

Results:
Talkers in the Clear–Loud Group exhibited higher speech intensity during the loud style compared with those who performed the Loud–Clear Group. Furthermore, talkers in the Clear–Loud Group retained the increases lip aperture range and reductions in speech rate associated with the clear style when producing the loud style. Conversely, talkers in the Loud–Clear Group exhibited significant increases in lip aperture range between the habitual and loud styles and between the loud and clear styles. Additionally, the Loud–Clear Group exhibited a reduction in speech rate only during the clear style, as no differences in speech rate were observed between the habitual and loud styles.

Conclusions:
These findings may suggest that producing a higher effort style leads to carry-over effects in subsequent styles. Future research should investigate factors that moderate the degree of order effects for both research and clinical purposes. For instance, if generalizable, the compounding carry-over effects may prove advantageous for certain clinical populations.
LONG TERM FOLLOW‐UP IN CRYOGLOBULINEMIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Inglese C. , Giuberti T. , Melli G. , Marbini A. , Gemignani F. 
Published: September 2023

We evaluated the course of cryoglobulinemic neuropathy in a small series of patients in whom a long term follow‐up was available. Ten patients with polyneuropathy (8 cases) or multiple mononeuropathy (2 cases) associated with cryoglobulinemia type 2 (7 cases) or type 3 (3 cases) were reexamined after at least 5 years from the first observation (range of follow‐up, 5–14 years, median 9 years). All patients were positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV), but none had severe liver involvement, whereas renal involvement was severe in two cases. Two patients were treated with high‐dose prednisone for prolonged periods and one patient with alfa‐interferon for one year; the remaining patients were treated with low‐dose steroid and/or colchicine and cinnarizine.In the two patients with renal failure, neurological deterioration paralleled the worsening of general condition, and both eventually died after a disease course of less than ten years. In another patient, neurological condition was complicated by steroid‐induced diabetes, and stroke with left‐sided hemiparesis. In the remaining patients (including the patient treated with alfa‐interferon) neurological condition was unchanged, or mildly deteriorated without variation in the Rankin score, although neurophysiological indexes, and in particular amplitude of sensory action potentials, tended to worsen.We conclude that in a number of cases cryoglobulinemic neuropathy may run an indolent course with mild or absent deterioration, and can be controlled without aggressive medication. However, in a minority of cases there may be a malignant course, especially when systemic manifestations of the disease are prominent.
Intensity contrast of solar network and faculae close to the solar limb, observed from two vantage points
Authors: Albert K. , Krivova N. A. , Hirzberger J. , Solanki S. K. , Moreno Vacas A. , Orozco Suárez D. , Albelo Jorge N. , Appourchaux T. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Gandorfer A. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kahil F. , Kolleck M. , Volkmer R. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Woch J. , Fiethe B. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Balaguer Jiménez M. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Calchetti D. , Carmona M. , Deutsch W. , Feller A. , Fernandez-Rico G. , Fernández-Medina A. , García Parejo P. , Gasent Blesa J. L. , Gizon L. , Grauf B. , Heerlein K. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Lange T. , López Jiménez A. , Maue T. , Meller R. , Müller R. , Nakai E. , Schmidt W. , Schou J. , Sinjan J. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , Torralbo I. , Valori G. 
Published: September 2023

Context. The brightness of faculae and network depends on the angle at which they are observed and the magnetic flux density. Close to the limb, the assessment of this relationship has until now been hindered by the increasingly lower signal in magnetograms.
Aims. This preliminary study aims to highlight the potential of using simultaneous observations from different vantage points to better determine the properties of faculae close to the limb.
Methods. We used data from the Solar Orbiter/Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (SO/PHI), and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (SDO/HMI), recorded at an ∼60° angular separation of their lines of sight at the Sun. We used the continuum intensity observed close to the limb by SO/PHI and complemented it with the co-observed BLOS from SDO/HMI, originating closer to disc centre (as seen by SDO/HMI), thus avoiding the degradation of the magnetic field signal near the limb.
Results. We derived the dependence of facular brightness in the continuum on disc position and magnetic flux density from the combined observations of SO/PHI and SDO/HMI. Compared with a single point of view, we were able to obtain contrast values reaching closer to the limb and to lower field strengths. We find the general dependence of the limb distance at which the contrast is maximum on the flux density to be at large in line with single viewpoint observations, in that the higher the flux density is, the closer the turning point lies to the limb. There is a tendency, however, for the maximum to be reached closer to the limb when determined from two vantage points. We note that due to the preliminary nature of this study, these results must be taken with caution.
Conclusions. Our analysis shows that studies involving two viewpoints can significantly improve the detection of faculae near the solar limb and the determination of their brightness contrast relative to the quiet Sun.
Combined morphologic-metabolic biomarkers from [18F]FDG-PET/CT stratify prognostic groups in low-risk NSCLC
Authors: Deininger Katharina , Raacke Joel Niclas , Yousefzadeh-Nowshahr Elham , Kropf-Sanchen Cornelia , Muehling Bernd , Beer Meinrad , Glatting Gerhard , Beer Ambros J. , Thaiss Wolfgang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to derive prognostic parameters from 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) in patients with low-risk NSCLC and determine their prognostic value.
Methods 81 (21 female, mean age 66 a) therapy-naive patients that underwent [18F]FDG-PET/CT before histologic confirmation of NSCLC with stadium I and II between 2008–2016 were included. A mean follow-up time of 58 months (13–176), overall and progression free survival (OS, PFS) were registered. A volume of interest for the primary tumor was defined on PET and CT images. Parameters SUVmax, PET-solidity, PET-circularity, and CT-volume were analyzed. To evaluate the prognostic value of each parameter for OS, a minimum p-value approach was used to define cutoff values, survival analysis, and log-rank tests were performed, including subgroup analysis for combinations of parameters.
Results Mean OS was 58±28 months. Poor OS was associated with a tumor CT-volume >14.3 cm3 (p=0.02, HR=7.0, CI 2.7–17.7), higher SUVmax values >12.2 (p=0.003; HR=3.0, CI 1.3–6.7) and PET-solidity >0.919 (p=0.004; HR=3.0, CI 1.0–8.9). Combined parameter analysis revealed worse prognosis in larger volume/high SUVmax tumors compared to larger volume/lower SUVmax (p=0.028; HR=2.5, CI 1.1–5.5), high PET-solidity/low volume (p=0.01; HR=2.4, CI 0.8–6.6) and low SUVmax/high PET-solidity (p=0.02, HR=4.0, CI 0.8–19.0).
Conclusion Even in this group of low-risk NSCLC patients, we identified a subgroup with a significantly worse prognosis by combining morphologic-metabolic biomarkers from [18F]FDG-PET/CT. The combination of SUVmax and CT-volume performed best. Based on these preliminary data, future prospective studies to validate this combined morphologic-metabolic imaging biomarker for potential therapeutic decisions seem promising.
Speech-in-Noise Testing: An Introduction for Audiologists
Authors: Billings Curtis J. , Olsen Tessa M. , Charney Lauren , Madsen Brandon M. , Holmes Corrie E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpeech-in-noise testing has been proposed as a useful part of the audiometric test battery dating back to the earliest years of the field of audiology. Many speech-in-noise tests have been developed and used to varying degrees. However, multiple barriers have prevented speech-in-noise testing from being used widely in the clinic. The purpose of this article is to provide a resource to audiologists and other hearing health professionals who want to know (1) what tests are available for use, (2) the rationale behind specific tests, and (3) important considerations when selecting one or more tests to use clinically. In addition, data are presented for four speech-in-noise tests with the purpose of comparing outcomes as a function of age and hearing status. The four tests (QuickSIN, Words in Noise [WIN], Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentences [LiSN-S], and Coordinate Response Measure [CRM]) were completed by 30 individuals from three groups: 10 young adults with normal hearing, 10 older adults with normal hearing, and 10 older adults with hearing loss. The results suggest that, despite significant differences in performance between groups, group overlap was present such that some individuals from one group performed similar to some individuals of other groups; therefore, individual performance was more important than associated group. When selecting an appropriate speech-in-noise test to use clinically, audiologists should carefully consider the purpose of their testing and the type of information they desire as an outcome. A quick-resource table and appendix is provided to aid audiologists and other health professionals in their selection of an appropriate speech-in-noise test.
Holmium-166 Radioembolization of Hepatic Metastases in Salvage Setting: Preliminary Findings from a Single Center Experience
Authors: Dökdök Murat , Berberoğlu Kezban 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to report the early outcomes of holmium-166 (166Ho) radioembolization in the treatment of liver metastases.
Methods Nine patients with liver metastases originating from different primary sites were treated with 166Ho radioembolization between January 2019 and February 2020. The patients were assessed for pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) and quality of life (QoL) at various intervals during hospitalization and follow-up. Toxicity that may be attributable to radioembolization was graded according to CTCAE v5.0. The tumor dosimetry and tumor response were assessed with anatomic and metabolic imaging.
Results The mean tumor dose was 150 Gy, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 135.2 to 164.8, with a range of 100 to 200 Gy based on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT, and distribution verified with inline T2/R2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) maps. No early (30-day) mortality or grade greater than 2 toxicities were noted, but one patient had chylous ascites. QoL assessed with the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 3-Level version (EQ-5D-3L) revealed mean index scores of 0.748 (range: 0.5–1), 95% CI of 0.6 to 0.9, before the procedure, and 0.7 (range: 0.5–1) and 95% CI of 0.6 to 0.8, at 1 month. The mean VAS was 70.6, 95% CI was 65.5 to 75.6, immediately after the procedure, and decreased to the mean VAS of 65.7 and 95% CI of 55.9 to 75.5 after 1 month. Five patients showed a partial response, three showed a stable disease, and one showed progressive disease at the first 2- to 3-month imaging follow-up.
Conclusion Radioembolization with 166Ho microspheres for liver metastases appears to be safe, tolerable, and effective during the short term in this small-scale study.