bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the contribution of smoke management systems in building design by CFD analysis
Authors: Sotiriadis J V , Kontoleon K J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As it is broadly known smoke is the major cause of casualties in the event of fire incidents in buildings. Accordingly, the majority of fire related-deaths are not caused by fire flames, but by inhaling smoke. Apart from that, as fire-generated gases exceed a certain level, lower visibility can be attained. Aiming to break this vicious cycle between building design and fire safety, smoke management systems underline a fruitful way to tackle this problem. Within this framework, this work focuses on a thorough presentation of smoke control systems in building design. In an effort to assess the significance of such kinds of systems, as well as to justify their contribution from a quotative point of view, highly sophisticated numerical approaches are mostly adopted. In this context, CFD techniques illustrate a rational way to enhance the arrangement of buildings in terms of fire safety (risk assessment). In a nutshell, this paper discusses the main conclusions of earlier research in this important area of study.
Energy saving in industrial buildings using advanced concentrated solar thermal systems
Authors: Androutsopoulos A , Drosou V , Christodoulaki R , Rovira A J , Enríquez J , Abbas R , Reay D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Saving energy in industrial buildings is one of the ten pillars of the European Green Deal. The application of renewable energy technologies in industrial processes and their buildings is an appropriate way to support the European energy goals. The paper presents an innovative solar heating method for industrial buildings that focuses on overcoming the current limitations of these systems. The method is based on the modular and flexible integration of two innovative technologies for the solar collector (SunDial technology – parabolic collectors) and thermal energy storage (based on phase change materials, PCM) which, through a control system, allow flexible operation to maintain continuous use against the unpredictable nature of the solar source and partly even during the night. The method can cover a significant percentage of the heat demand in industrial processes that use temperatures above 150°C. At the same time, there is the possibility of meeting cooling needs using an absorption chiller.
The work describes the technologies of centralized solar collectors and the connection, operation, control and monitoring systems as well as the possibilities of covering thermal and cooling loads in an industrial building. This technology can be applied to both commercial and residential buildings. The purpose of this application is to contribute to the reduction of the requirements for heating and cooling in industrial buildings of the European Union which is estimated at approximately 72TWh per year.
Performance assessment of the ecosystem services provided by urban Nature-based solutions: focus on rainwater management
Authors: Valois L , Brachet A , Schiopu N , Barot S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NBS) in cities are known to provide numerous ecosystem services that contribute to the well-being of city inhabitants and to climate change attenuation and adaptation. Common services provided by the NBS are urban heat island reduction, provision of habitat for biodiversity, rainwater management, indoor summer comfort, etc. To provide science-based arguments for the choice of the adapted solutions to a specific context, the assessment of those services is necessary. The aim of this paper is to review models assessing the service of rainwater management for three green infrastructures: green roofs, urban trees (stand-alone or micro-forest) and vegetated permeable pavements. The final goal of this work is to help improve the decision aid tools for the environmental assessment of the performance of buildings and districts. The characteristics of each model are presented and analyzed, in terms of robustness, parsimony and operationality. We for example compared the number of required parameters (e.g., plant species, substrate type and depth of green roofs, soil moisture, etc.), the availability of these parameters, etc. The multifunctionality of NBS (i.e., other services provided beyond the contribution to the rainwater management) is also considered in the analysis. In addition, as NBS are living systems, their specific needs (such as water and mineral nutrients), as well as the influence of the local context (e.g., climatic, topographic, cultural) are discussed. Finally, some paths for the implementation of the models into the decision tools are highlighted. The main challenge for the implementation in decision tools could be the harmonization between different expertises and stakes.
Applying EU Level(s) framework indicators to improve circularity: A case study
Authors: Honic M , De Wolf C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The construction industry is the main consumer of raw materials and simultaneously responsible for 36% of solid waste in the EU, wherefore the implementation of a circular economy in the industry is urgently needed. The European Commission developed the Level(s) framework to help measure the environmental impact and improve the circularity of buildings. Yet applying the framework’s indicators with the provided templates is a challenging task due to the comprehensive nature and size of EU documents and the lack of clarity on how to use the templates. This paper applies Indicators 2.1 (Bill of quantities, materials, and lifespans) and 2.2 (Construction and demolition waste and materials) to a case study to provide a better understanding of using them in practice. The findings will help actors throughout the whole value chain to implement required information into their building models for assessing and improving circularity in their buildings.
Investigation of thermal properties of pykrete
Authors: Bošnjak J , Bodrožić Ćoko N , Jurčević M , Primorac I , Nižetić S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Experimental investigation of the thermal properties of ice reinforced with sawdust is presented in this paper. Mechanical properties of pykrete are fairly covered in literature, while there are no data about its thermal properties. For the purposes of this examination, ice made of 215 ml of tap water was reinforced by adding 35 g of sawdust. Transient Plane Source (TPS) method was employed to measure the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity in a temperature range from -15 °C to -33 °C. Blocks of pykrete were placed in an expanded polystyrene (EPS) box in the freezer where the measurements took place. Thermal conductivity of pykrete was observed to vary from 1.64 Wm−1K−1 at -15 °C to 1.75 Wm−1K−1 at -33 °C while thermal diffusivity in the same temperature interval exhibited growth at a larger scale, from 0.88 mm2s−1 to 1.10 mm2s−1. Measured values showed an average decrease of approx. 21% in thermal conductivity and approx. 23% in thermal diffusivity when compared with results obtained for frozen pure tap water. Measured thermal constants were shown to be similar to the ones obtained in literature for concrete.
Data driven economic scenarios for retrofitting residential buildings in a northern Italian region
Authors: Cecconi Fulvio Re , Rampini Luca 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
European directives and strategies, such as the ‘European Green Deal’ and the ‘Ren-ovation Wave’, point out the importance of the building sector in achieving the climate goals set by the European Union for 2050. However, a higher renovation rate for the existing buildings is required to achieve these goals. Many barriers prevent the renovation rate from growing. Regarding financial barriers, the long payback times of renovation interventions and the high risk perceived by the potential investors make the renovation rate remain low. Based on data from energy performance certificates, this research proposes a data-driven method to create economic retrofit scenarios for residential buildings using Artificial Intelligence techniques and Monte Carlo simulations. Namely, energy savings have been predicted using an Artificial Neural Network on clusters of residential buildings and the Life Cycle Costs forecasted by Monte Carlo simulations taking into account the uncertainty in many of the inputs. Results obtained by applying the method to a region in northern Italy illustrate two scenarios for the energy retrofit of the built environment, one assuming a payback time of fifteen years and the other of twenty-five years. In both cases, the maximum allowable investment, which varies according to the specific characteristics of the buildings, is much lower than the retrofit costs recorded in the same area in recent years.
Microgravity facilities for cold atom experiments
Authors: Raudonis Matthias , Roura Albert , Meister Matthias , Lotz Christoph , Overmeyer Ludger , Herrmann Sven , Gierse Andreas , Lämmerzahl Claus , Bigelow Nicholas P , Lachmann Maike , Piest Baptist , Gaaloul Naceur , Rasel Ernst M , Schubert Christian , Herr Waldemar , Deppner Christian , Ahlers Holger , Ertmer Wolfgang , R Williams Jason , Lundblad Nathan , Wörner Lisa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Microgravity platforms enable cold atom research beyond experiments in typical laboratories by removing restrictions due to the gravitational acceleration or compensation techniques. While research in space allows for undisturbed experimentation, technological readiness, availability and accessibility present challenges for experimental operation. In this work we focus on the main capabilities and unique features of ground-based microgravity facilities for cold atom research. A selection of current and future scientific opportunities and their high demands on the microgravity environment are presented, and some relevant ground-based facilities are discussed and compared. Specifically, we point out the applicable free fall times, repetition rates, stability and payload capabilities, as well as programmatic and operational aspects of these facilities. These are contrasted with the requirements of various cold atom experiments. Besides being an accelerator for technology development, ground-based microgravity facilities allow fundamental and applied research with the additional benefit of enabling hands-on access to the experiment for modifications and adjustments.
Graph test of controllability in qubit arrays: a systematic way to determine the minimum number of external controls
Authors: Gago-Encinas Fernando , Leibscher Monika , Koch Christiane P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ability to implement any desired quantum logic gate on a quantum processing unit is equivalent to evolution-operator controllability of the qubits. Conversely, controllability analysis can be used to minimize the resources, i.e. the number of external controls and qubit–qubit couplings, required for universal quantum computing. Standard controllability analysis, consisting in the construction of the dynamical Lie algebra, is, however, impractical already for a comparatively small number of qubits. Here, we show how to leverage an alternative approach, based on a graph representation of the Hamiltonian, to determine controllability of arrays of coupled qubits. We provide a complete computational framework and exemplify it for arrays of five qubits, inspired by the ibmq_quito architecture. We find that the number of controls can be reduced from five to one for complex qubit–qubit couplings and to two for standard qubit–qubit couplings.
Effect of TiC particle size on physical, mechanical and tribological properties of Cu-TiC metal matrix composites
Authors: Agrawal J P , Gupta Nitin Kumar , Somani Nalin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This research article aims to produce a metal matrix composite (MMC) material consisting of Cu-20%TiC using the powder metallurgy route, followed by sintering. The study provides insight into the impact of different TiC particle sizes on the physical, mechanical, and wear properties of the MMC. The surface morphology of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, while Vickers hardness and tensile tests were employed to determine mechanical properties. Additionally, sliding wear tests and frictional tests were performed to assess tribological properties. The results show that varying the particle size of the reinforcement material significantly affects physical, mechanical, and tribological properties. Larger TiC particle sizes yielded better mechanical properties due to reduced interfacial area for load transformation and higher stress concentration endurance, but better wear and anti-frictional properties were observed for better-dispersed larger particles. SEM micrographs indicated homogeneous distribution of metal matrix particles. The worn surface was smoother for larger particle sizes, and abrasive wear was the dominant wear mechanism. Results were similar for TiC particles with average sizes of 45 μm and 60 μm. The sample having particle sizes of 45 μm has shown the best results with relative density of 96.92%, micro-hardness of 168.09 Hv, and tensile strength of 369.24 MPa. The wear rate was reduced by 21%–28%, and the frictional coefficient was reduced by 24%–50% for a particle size of 45 μm compared to a particle size of 15 μm.
Stasis in heterogeneous networks of coupled oscillators: discontinuous transition with hysteresis
Authors: Sahoo Samir , Prasad Awadhesh , Ramaswamy Ramakrishna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider a heterogeneous ensemble of dynamical systems in

R

4

that individually are either attracted to fixed points (and are termed inactive) or to limit cycles (in which case they are termed active). These distinct states are separated by bifurcations that are controlled by a single parameter. Upon coupling them globally, we find a discontinuous transition to global inactivity (or stasis) when the proportion of inactive components in the ensemble exceeds a threshold: there is a first–order phase transition from a globally oscillatory state to global oscillation death. There is hysteresis associated with these phase transitions. Numerical results for a representative system are supported by analysis using a system-reduction technique and different dynamical regimes can be rationalised through the corresponding bifurcation diagrams of the reduced set of equations.
Aerosol formation during foam application of non-volatile biocidal substances
Authors: Schwarz Katharina , Blümlein Katharina , Göen Thomas , Hahn Stefan , Hebisch Ralph , Koch Wolfgang , Poppek Ulrich , Schäferhenrich Anja , Schlüter Urs , Krug Monika 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The application of biocidal products by foam is considered an alternative to droplet spraying when disinfecting surfaces or fighting infestations. Inhalation exposure to aerosols containing the biocidal substances cannot be ruled out during foaming. In contrast to droplet spraying, very little is known about aerosol source strength during foaming. In this study, the formation of inhalable aerosols was quantified according to the aerosol release fractions of the active substance. The aerosol release fraction is defined as the mass of active substance transferred into inhalable airborne particles during foaming, normalised to the total amount of active substance released through the foam nozzle. Aerosol release fractions were measured in control chamber experiments where common foaming technologies were operated according to their typical conditions of use. These investigations include foams generated mechanically by actively mixing air with a foaming liquid as well as systems that use a blowing agent for foam formation. The values of the aerosol release fraction ranged from 3.4 × 10−6 to 5.7 × 10−3 (average values). For foaming processes based on mixing air and the foaming liquid, the release fractions could be correlated to the process and foam parameters such as foam exit velocity, nozzle dimensions, and foam expansion ratio.
P81 Long-term efficacy of abrocitinib in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a post hoc analysis of JADE EXTEND
Authors: Paller Amy S , Cork Michael J , Flohr Carsten , Bangert Christine , Weidinger Stephan , Nesnas John , Farooqui Saleem A , Biswas Pinaki , Watkins Melissa , Koppensteiner Herwig 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Differences exist in the manifestation and disease course of atopic dermatitis (AD) between adult and adolescent patients. Long-term efficacy of abrocitinib (an oral, once-daily Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor) was examined in the phase III extension study JADE EXTEND (NCT03422822). This interim post hoc analysis assessed abrocitinib treatment efficacy up to 96 weeks in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe AD who enrolled in JADE EXTEND. Eligible adolescents (aged 12 to &lt; 18 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) from the phase III trials JADE MONO-1 (NCT03349060), MONO-2 (NCT03575871), COMPARE (NCT03720470), TEEN (NCT03796676) and DARE (NCT04345367) were enrolled in JADE EXTEND. Patients randomized to abrocitinib (200 mg or 100 mg) in the parent studies received blinded abrocitinib at the same dose in JADE EXTEND; those receiving placebo or dupilumab were randomized to either abrocitinib dose in JADE EXTEND. Patients from JADE DARE received abrocitinib 200 mg in JADE EXTEND. Analyses assessed the proportions of patients achieving an Investigator’s Global Assessment score of clear or almost clear (IGA 0/1); ≥ 75%, ≥ 90% and ≥ 100% improvement from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75, EASI-90 and EASI-100, respectively); ≥ 4-point improvement from baseline in Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale score (PP-NRS4; used with permission from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi); PP-NRS score of no or very little itch (PP-NRS 0/1); and ≥ 4-point improvement from baseline in the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM ≥ 4). The JADE EXTEND data cutoff date was 25 September 2021. This analysis included 357 adolescents and 1309 adults (excluding patients previously randomized to dupilumab). Age at parent study screening visit determined age categorization. Baseline disease severity was higher in adolescents than adults [IGA 4 (severe); 42.3% vs. 36.7%]. At week 96, responder proportions were comparable for adolescents and adults for EASI-75 (abrocitinib 200 mg: 84.4% vs. 85.7%; abrocitinib 100 mg: 81.3% vs. 76.1%), PP-NRS4 (200 mg: 69.4% vs. 69.3%; 100 mg: 60.3% vs. 59.8%) and POEM ≥ 4 (200 mg: 84.4% vs. 88.6%; 100 mg: 79.2% vs. 80.8%), and largely comparable for the stringent endpoints of EASI-90 (200 mg: 62.3% vs. 61.1%; 100 mg: 50.7% vs. 48.1%), EASI-100 (200 mg: 32.5% vs. 21.8%; 100 mg: 18.7% vs. 18.7%), IGA 0/1 (200 mg: 53.2% vs. 55.9%; 100 mg: 49.3% vs. 45.1%) and PP-NRS 0/1 (200 mg: 42.9% vs. 39.5%; 100 mg: 33.3% vs. 32.3%). Long-term efficacy of abrocitinib treatment up to 96 weeks was comparable for adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe AD, including substantial proportions achieving stringent endpoints of EASI-90, EASI-100, IGA 0/1 or PP-NRS 0/1.
Funding sources: Pfizer Inc.
BG12 A case of severe gastrointestinal bleeding while on vismodegib therapy
Authors: Salih Hamisha , Ryan Sarah , Ascott Anna , DeGiovanni Claudia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We report the case of a 50-year-old woman, with a history of Gorlin syndrome on vismodegib therapy, who presented with two episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in the absence of other risk factors. Gorlin syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) secondary to a mutation in PTCH1. Mutations in PTCH1 lead to dysregulation of the hedgehog signalling pathway and subsequent abnormal proliferation. Vismodegib is a systemic hedgehog inhibitor that has been shown to be effective in treating advanced BCCs and Gorlin syndrome. Our patient acquired multiple BCCs which excision, photodynamic therapy and topical chemotherapy agents failed to control. Therefore, a decision to commence vismodegib was made. During treatment with vismodegib, she had a perforated gastrointestinal ulcer and required an emergency laparotomy. Vismodegib was stopped, but over the next few years, her BCCs progressed again to an excess of 50 BCCs, including large plaques of carcinoma measuring up to 12 cm in diameter. Vismodegib was restarted with a high-dose proton–pump inhibitor cover, as recommended by the gastroenterology team, and her BCCs were largely resolved. However, a second bleed occurred approximately 1 year after restarting treatment. Gastroscopies undertaken following these episodes were largely normal, showing mild, nonerosive duodenitis only, and Helicobacter pylori testing was negative. Given the lack of pre-existing risk factors and temporal relation to vismodegib therapy, the decision was made to suspend the drug. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of UGIB associated with vismodegib. A separate case has reported colonic mucosal changes in a patient with chronic diarrhoea on vismodegib. The hedgehog protein and RNA expression have been found to be present in the gastrointestinal endothelium and mesenchyme. Evidence suggests the hedgehog pathway activation in gastrointestinal lining is involved in the wound-healing response, endothelial turnover and activation of mesenchymal immune responses. Therefore, inhibition of the hedgehog pathway via vismodegib could potentially impair the essential maintenance of the gastrointestinal endothelium. We postulate that this mechanism could have led to the presentation in our patient, through endothelial damage exposure of vessels leading to gastrointestinal bleeding. Treatment options for BCC in our patient are now limited. Vismodegib is one of the few therapies that has been shown to induce remission of symptoms and reduce disease burden. We present this case to raise awareness of this potential adverse event.