bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐species comparison illuminates the importance of iron homeostasis for splenic anti‐immunosenescence
Authors: He Ziqing , He Weiya , Hu Chuanxia , Liao Jiayu , Deng Wenjun , Sun Haijian , Huang Qingpei , Chen Weilue , Zhang Libiao , Liu Meiling , Dong Ji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough immunosenescence may result in increased morbidity and mortality, many mammals have evolved effective immune coping strategies to extend their lifespans. Thus, the immune systems of long‐lived mammals present unique models to study healthy longevity. To identify the molecular clues of anti‐immunosenescence, we first built high‐quality reference genome for a long‐lived myotis bat, and then compared three long‐lived mammals (i.e., bat, naked mole rat, and human) versus the short‐lived mammal, mouse, in splenic immune cells at single‐cell resolution. A close relationship between B:T cell ratio and immunosenescence was detected, as B:T cell ratio was much higher in mouse than long‐lived mammals and significantly increased during aging. Importantly, we identified several iron‐related genes that could resist immunosenescence changes, especially the iron chaperon, PCBP1, which was upregulated in long‐lived mammals but dramatically downregulated during aging in all splenic immune cell types. Supportively, immune cells of mouse spleens contained more free iron than those of bat spleens, suggesting higher level of ROS‐induced damage in mouse. PCBP1 downregulation during aging was also detected in hepatic but not pulmonary immune cells, which is consistent with the crucial roles of spleen and liver in organismal iron recycling. Furthermore, PCBP1 perturbation in immune cell lines would result in cellular iron dyshomeostasis and senescence. Finally, we identified two transcription factors that could regulate PCBP1 during aging. Together, our findings highlight the importance of iron homeostasis in splenic anti‐immunosenescence, and provide unique insight for improving human healthspan.
Prevalence of geographic atrophy in Nordic countries and number of patients potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment: A systematic review with meta‐analyses and forecasting study
Authors: Vangsted Andreas , Thinggaard Benjamin S. , Nissen Anne H. K. , Hajari Javad N. , Klefter Oliver N. , Krogh Nielsen Marie , Sørensen Torben L. , Grauslund Jakob , Subhi Yousif 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe systematically reviewed the literature on the prevalence of geographic atrophy (GA) in Nordic populations, conducted meta‐analyses on age‐stratified estimates, and calculated current and future number of patients and those potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment. We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and our protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Ten databases were searched on 22 April 2023 for population‐based studies of GA prevalence. Based on clinical descriptive analyses of GA and eligibility criteria of the phase III studies for intravitreal pegcetacoplan (complement C3 and C3b inhibitor), we were able to calculate the proportion of patients with GA potentially eligible for therapy. Finally, we extracted population data for Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) from Eurostat, applied prevalence statistics to the extracted census and forecasting data to estimate the number of patients with GA, and then applied the proportion eligible for intravitreal pegcetacoplan therapy. We identified six studies with a total of 10 159 individuals. Prevalence of GA was estimated to 0.4% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.2%–0.8%), 1.5% (95% CI: 0.7%–2.6%), and 7.6% (95% CI: 4.6%–11.3%) for individuals aged 60–69, 70–79, and 80+ years, respectively. In Nordic countries, we estimate a total of 166 307 individuals with GA in 2023, increasing to 277 893 in 2050. Of these, 90 803 individuals in 2023, increasing to 151 730 in 2050, are potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment. Considering these large numbers, our study highlights the importance of this topic in the coming years and its potential to significantly impact our clinical practice, organization, and staffing.
‘Working outside the box’—an interview study regarding manipulation of medicines with registered nurses and pharmacists at a Swedish paediatric hospital
Authors: Andersson Åsa C. , Lindemalm Synnöve , Onatli Dilba , Chowdhury Samia , Eksborg Staffan , Förberg Ulrika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimStudies on frequencies of manipulated medicines in paediatric care are common, but there is little knowledge of experiences of pharmacists and registered nurses in this area. The aim of this study was to explore registered nurses' and pharmacists' reasoning in the manipulation of medicines to paediatric inpatients.MethodsSemistructured interviews with twelve registered nurses and seven pharmacists were performed at a Swedish paediatric university hospital. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.ResultsFour major categories emerged from the analysis of the interviews: medicines management, knowledge, consulting others and organisation. Medicines management involved the process of drug handling, which is prescribing, reconstitution or manipulation and administration. Knowledge concerned both the knowledge base and how healthcare personnel seek information. Consulting others involved colleagues, registered nurses and pharmacists, between registered nurses, pharmacists and physicians and between registered nurses, pharmacists and caregivers. Organisation covered documentation, time and working environment.ConclusionBoth pharmacists and registered nurses stated that manipulation of medicines to paediatric patients was often necessary but felt unsafe due to lack of supporting guidelines. Pharmacists were natural members of the ward team, contributing with specific knowledge about medicines and formulations.
Retinal detachment following retinopathy of prematurity in France: Screening and treatment pathways
Authors: Denier Margot , Kermorvant‐Duchemin Elsa , Barjol Amandine , Caputo Georges , Chapron Thibaut 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimPreterm children are highly vulnerable to sensorial impairments through Retinopathy Of Prematurity (ROP). The objective was to determine whether some cases of ROP requiring surgery could be secondary to deficiencies in care pathways.MethodsDescriptive study of neonatal characteristics and the screening/treatment pathways of children treated for stage ≥4A ROP from 2009 to 2020 in a referral unit in France.ResultsTwenty‐five preterm children (44 eyes) were included: median gestational age was 25 weeks, and median birthweight was 700 grams. Eighty‐four per cent had received at least one fundus examination, 50% of which were completed on time. At the time of retinal detachment diagnosis, only 36% of the children had received laser or anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intra‐vitreal injection. ROP stage was only reported in 8%, and the zone or type was reported in 16% of the files.ConclusionThe risk of blindness and the effectiveness of laser or anti‐VEGF treatment highlight the need to enhance screening and treatment practices in France.
A human‐centred learning analytics approach for developing contextually scalable K‐12 teacher dashboards
Authors: Wiley Korah , Dimitriadis Yannis , Linn Marcia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a Human‐Centred Learning Analytics (HCLA) design approach for developing learning analytics (LA) dashboards for K‐12 classrooms that maintain both contextual relevance and scalability—two goals that are often in competition. Using mixed methods, we collected observational and interview data from teacher partners and assessment data from their students' engagement with the lesson materials. This DBR‐based, human‐centred design process resulted in a dashboard that supported teachers in addressing their students' learning needs. To develop the dashboard features that could support teachers, we found that a design refinement process that drew on the insights of teachers with varying teaching experience, philosophies and teaching contexts strengthened the resulting outcome. The versatile nature of the approach, in terms of student learning outcomes, makes it useful for HCLA design efforts across diverse K‐12 educational contexts.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Learning analytics that are aligned to both a learning theory and learning design support student learning.
LA dashboards that support users to understand the associated learning analytics data provide actionable insight.
Design‐based research is a promising methodology for Human‐Centred Learning Analytics design, particularly in the K‐12 educational context.
What this paper adds

Leveraging a longstanding, yet fluid, research‐practice partnership is an effective design‐based research adaptation for addressing the high variation in instructional practices that characterize K‐12 education.
Using both quantitative and qualitative data that reflects students' developing knowledge effectively supports teachers' inquiry into student learning.
Teachers' use of learning analytics dashboards is heavily influenced by their perspectives on teaching and learning.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Impact on student learning outcomes, alongside usability and feasibility, should be included as a necessary metric for the effectiveness of LA design.
LA dashboard developers should both leverage learning data that reflect students' developing knowledge and position teachers to take responsive pedagogical action to support student learning.
LA researchers and developers should utilize a long‐term, yet fluid, research‐practice partnership to form a multi‐stakeholder, multidisciplinary design team for Human‐Centred Learning Analytics design.
The cation‐leaky hereditary stomatocytosis syndromes: A tale of six proteins
Authors: Stewart Gordon W. , Gibson John S. , Rees David C. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThis review concerns a series of dominantly inherited haemolytic anaemias in which the membrane of the erythrocyte ‘leaks’ the univalent cations, compromising the osmotic stability of the cell. The majority of the conditions are explained by mutations in one of six genes, coding for multispanning membrane proteins of different structure and function. These are: RhAG, coding for an ammonium carrier; SLC4A1, coding for the band 3 anion exchanger; PIEZO1, coding for a mechanosensitive cation channel; GLUT1, coding for a glucose transporter; KCNN4, coding for an internal‐calcium‐activated potassium channel; and ABCB6, coding for a porphyrin transporter. This review describes the five clinical syndromes associated with genetic defects in these genes and their variable genotype/phenotype relationships.
City innovation ability and internet infrastructure development: Evidence from the “Broadband China” policy
Authors: Liu Yang , Fan Yaojun , Wang Yifan , Huang Jiayu , Xun Hu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract“Broadband China” (BC), the new Chinese government implementation in 2013, has led to substantial investments in internet infrastructure development. Furthermore, accurately evaluating its effects is of great significance. BC is taken as a quasinatural experiment in this paper. Data from 278 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2019 are used to evaluate this policy influence on city innovation ability by building a regression discontinuity (RD) design model. In addition, its heterogeneity and mechanism are also analyzed. The results show that (1) city innovation ability is significantly improved by the BC policy, and this is still valid after robustness tests. (2) The influence of the BC policy on city innovation ability is heterogeneous and more significant in more prosperous regions, such as in the eastern regions and in large cities. (3) Mechanism analysis shows that the city innovation ability is enhanced by improving knowledge spillover and stimulating entrepreneurial activities.
Molecular and structural insights into the 5‐HT2C receptor as a therapeutic target for substance use disorders
Authors: Ubhayarathna Maleesha , Langmead Christopher J. , Diepenhorst Natalie A. , Stewart Gregory D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSubstance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic condition, with maintained abuse of a substance leading to physiological and psychological alterations and often changes in cognitive and social behaviours. Current therapies include psychotherapy coupled with medication; however, high relapse rates reveal the shortcomings of these therapies. The signalling, expression profile, and neurological function of the serotonin 2C receptor (5‐HT2C receptor) make it a candidate of interest for the treatment of SUD. Recently, psychedelics, which broadly act at 5‐HT2 receptors, have indicated potential for the treatment of SUD, implicating the 5‐HT2C receptor. The modern psychedelic movement has rekindled interest in the 5‐HT2C receptor, resulting in many new studies, especially structural analyses. This review explores the structural, molecular and cellular mechanisms governing 5‐HT2C receptor function in the context of SUD. This provides the basis of the preclinical and clinical evidence for their role in SUD and highlights the potential for future exploration.
Factors determining the resection ability of snares in cold snare polypectomy: Construction of an ex vivo model for accurately evaluating resection ability
Authors: Hirose Ryohei , Yoshida Takuma , Yoshida Naohisa , Yamauchi Katsuma , Miyazaki Hajime , Watanabe Naoto , Bandou Risa , Inoue Ken , Ikegaya Hiroshi , Nakaya Takaaki , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesCold snare polypectomy (CSP)‐dedicated snares (DSs) may have a higher resection ability than conventional snares. However, a model that can accurately and objectively evaluate and compare the resection ability of each snare has yet to be determined, and characteristics of snare parts that increase resection ability remain unknown. Therefore, we elucidated DSs' resection ability and all characteristics of the parts required for acquiring high resection ability.MethodsAn ex vivo model for evaluating resection ability was generated using human colons obtained from forensic autopsy specimens. The force required to resect a 15 mm wide human colonic mucosa (FRR) was measured using this model; if the FRR is small, the resection ability is high. Next, after measuring the stiffness of each snare part, the correlation between the stiffness and resection ability was analyzed.ResultsThe force required to resect using SnareMaster Plus, Micro‐Tech Cold Snare, Captivator Cold, Exacto Cold Snare, or Captivator II was 13.6 ± 1.0, 12.5 ± 1.2, 7.4 ± 1.2, 6.5 ± 1.0, and 28.7 ± 3.7 N, respectively. All DSs had significantly lower FRR than the conventional snare (Captivator II) and had higher resection ability (P < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between FRR and sheath or wire spindle stiffness, with correlation coefficients of 0.72 (P = 0.042) or 0.94 (P < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, 1 × 7 type wire rings had significantly higher friction coefficients than 1 × 3 type wire rings (P < 0.002).ConclusionSheath and wire spindle stiffness should be increased to increase resection ability; 1 × 7 type wire rings may be suitable for CSP‐snare parts.
Short‐term phosphorus sorption and desorption in contrasting cropped Vertisols
Authors: Raymond Nelly S. , Kopittke Peter M. , van der Bom Frederik J. T. , Barrow N. J. , Bell Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVertisols are important cropping soils in tropical and subtropical areas, but in many regions, decades of cropping has substantially reduced concentrations of plant‐available phosphorus (P), especially in the subsoil layers. Phosphorus behaviour in P‐depleted Vertisols has received comparatively little attention, and the availability of P following the addition of inorganic P fertilisers at different concentrations is poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated short‐term P sorption and desorption behaviour in cropped Vertisols in relation to specific soil physical and chemical properties. We collected the surface and subsurface of 15 Australian soils with a broad range of physical and chemical properties, comprising nine Vertisols, three Ferralsols, two Lixisols and one Calcisol. For each soil, we generated sorption and desorption curves (fitted with a Freundlich equation), determined soil physical and chemical properties likely to influence P sorption and evaluated the relationships between the measured soil properties and the Freundlich equation sorption coefficients. The P sorption curves differed drastically between soils, with the sorption equation coefficients (aS × b) significantly correlated with the P buffering index (PBI) and clay content. Clay content itself was correlated with citrate‐extractable Fe and Al oxides and BET surface area. Vertisols formed on basaltic parent materials had greater Fe and Al oxide concentrations, resulting in an overall greater P sorption capacity. Sorption and desorption hysteresis were mostly small. The reacting materials in these soils probably had limited ability to continue to react with P. The Vertisols differed in their capacity to replenish P in the soil solution by desorbing different proportions of previously sorbed P, although the proportion of desorbable P generally increased with greater concentrations of sorbed P. These results suggest that for fertiliser management in these soils, smaller volumes of P enrichment combined with higher P concentrations may result in a greater P recovery by the crop.
Crack‐like effectiveness of some discontinuities in AA2024
Authors: Molent Loris , Fox Matthew R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMaintaining aircraft airworthiness to ensure the fleet's safe operation and maintain its readiness is critically dependent on accurate modelling and reliable predictions of fatigue crack growth. In this process, a knowledge of the representative initial discontinuity sizes that cause fatigue crack nucleation and early growth in aircraft is essential. Here the effective pre‐crack size of aluminum alloy 2024, from samples of aircraft production material and tested under aircraft spectra, are considered.
Differential dependence on microbiota of IL‐23/IL‐22‐dependent gene expression between the small‐ and large‐intestinal epithelia
Authors: Nakatani Ayaka , Okumura Ryu , Ishibashi Airi , Okamoto Shota , Sakaki Kei , Ito Yuki , Okuzaki Daisuke , Inohara Hidenori , Takeda Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the intestine, interleukin (IL)‐23 and IL‐22 from immune cells in the lamina propria contribute to maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier through the induction of antimicrobial production and the promotion of epithelial cell proliferation. Several previous studies suggested that some of the functions of the IL‐23/IL‐22 axis on intestinal epithelial cells are shared between the small and large intestines. However, the similarities and differences of the IL‐23/IL‐22 axis on epithelial cells between these two anatomical sites remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the gene expression of intestinal epithelial cells in the ileum and colon of germ‐free, Il23−/−, and Il22−/− mice by RNA‐sequencing. We found that while the IL‐23/IL‐22 axis is largely dependent on gut microbiota in the small intestine, it is much less dependent on it in the large intestine. In addition, the negative regulation of lipid metabolism in the epithelial cells by IL‐23 and IL‐22 in the small intestine was revealed, whereas the positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation by IL‐23 and IL‐22 in the large intestine was highlighted. These findings shed light on the intestinal site‐specific role of the IL‐23/IL‐22 axis in maintaining the physiological functions of intestinal epithelial cells.
Artificial intelligence in medicine: has the time come to hang up the stethoscope?
Authors: Lyell David , Magrabi Farah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe question of whether the time has come to hang up the stethoscope is bound up in the promises of artificial intelligence (AI), promises that have so far proven difficult to deliver, perhaps because of the mismatch between the technical capability of AI and its use in real‐world clinical settings. This perspective argues that it is time to move away from discussing the generalised promise of disembodied AI and focus on specifics. We need to focus on how the computational method underlying AI, i.e. machine learning (ML), is embedded into tools, how those tools contribute to clinical tasks and decisions and to what extent they can be relied on. Accordingly, we pose four questions that must be asked to make the discussion real and to understand how ML tools contribute to health care: (1) What does the ML algorithm do? (2) How is output of the ML algorithm used in clinical tools? (3) What does the ML tool contribute to clinical tasks or decisions? (4) Can clinicians act or rely on the ML tool? Two exemplar ML tools are examined to show how these questions can be used to better understand the role of ML in supporting clinical tasks and decisions. Ultimately, ML is just a fancy method of automation. We show that it is useful in automating specific and narrowly defined clinical tasks but likely incapable of automating the full gamut of decisions and tasks performed by clinicians.
The influence of uncertainty on financial reporting behavior: The case of P&C insurers
Authors: Ames Daniel , Lao Brent , Sankara Jomo , Wood Justin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examine how uncertainty about a firm's future cash flows influences the quality of its accounting information. As uncertainty increases, information asymmetry between managers and stakeholders will almost certainly increase, amplifying the potential influence of uncertainty. We focus on a specific setting where severe levels of uncertainty can influence financial reporting, the property‐casualty (P&C) insurance industry and use catastrophes as a shock to the level of uncertainty regarding P&C insurer's future cash flows. We use P&C firms’ claim loss estimation errors as a proxy for accounting information quality. Results suggest that, in times of heightened uncertainty, managers respond by increasing accounting information quality. Moreover, managerial claim loss forecasts are more accurate for publicly traded P&C firms relative to privately—or mutually—owned P&C firms as catastrophe exposure increases. Additionally, claim loss estimates are incrementally more accurate in times of heightened uncertainty for public P&C firms with higher institutional ownership or analyst following. These results corroborate the conjecture that managers’ decisions to provide more accurate forecasts in times of heightened uncertainty are attributable to an increased demand for better information by external stakeholders.