bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating deliverable DICOM RT treatment plans for prostate VMAT by predicting MLC motion sequences with an encoder‐decoder network
Authors: Heilemann Gerd , Zimmermann Lukas , Schotola Raphael , Lechner Wolfgang , Peer Marco , Widder Joachim , Goldner Gregor , Georg Dietmar , Kuess Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeep learning‐based auto‐planning is an active research field; however, for some tasks a treatment planning system (TPS) is still required.PurposeTo introduce a deep learning‐based model generating deliverable DICOM RT treatment plans that can be directly irradiated by a linear accelerator (LINAC). The model was based on an encoder‐decoder network and can predict multileaf collimator (MLC) motion sequences for prostate VMAT radiotherapy.MethodsA total of 619 treatment plans from 460 patients treated for prostate cancer with single‐arc VMAT were included in this study. An encoder‐decoder network was trained using 465 clinical treatment plans and validated on 77 plans. The performance was analyzed on a separate test set of 77 treatment plans. Separate L1 losses were computed for the leaf and jaw positions as well as the monitor units, with the leaf loss being weighted by a factor of 100 before being added to the other losses. The generated treatment plans were recalculated in a treatment planning system and the dose‐volume metrics and gamma passing rates were compared to the original dose.ResultsAll generated treatment plans showed good agreement with the original data, with an average gamma passing rate (3%/3 mm) of 91.9 ± 7.1%. However, the coverage of the PTVs. was slightly lower for the generated plans (D98% = 92.9 ± 2.6%) in comparison to the original plans (D98% = 95.7 ± 2.2%). There was no significant difference in mean dose to the bladder between the predicted and original plan (Dmean of 28.0 ± 13.5 vs. 28.1 ± 13.3% of prescribed dose) or rectum (Dmean of 42.3 ± 7.4 vs. 42.6 ± 7.5%). The maximum dose to bladder was only slightly higher in the predicted plans (D2% of 100.7 ± 5.3 vs. 99.8 ± 4.0%) and for the rectum it was even lower (D2% of 100.5 ± 3.7 vs. 100.1 ± 4.3).ConclusionsThe deep learning‐based model could predict MLC motion sequences in prostate VMAT plans, eliminating the need for sequencing inside a TPS, thus revolutionizing autonomous treatment planning workflows. This research completes the loop in deep learning‐based treatment planning processes, enabling more efficient workflows for real‐time or online adaptive radiotherapy.
Effects of Internal Electron Donor on Distribution and Reactivity of Active Centers in Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymerization with MgCl2‐Supported Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst
Authors: Xu Tao , Fu Zhisheng , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEthylene/1‐hexene copolymerization with two MgCl2‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts containing no internal electron donor or diethylphthalate (DEP) is conducted for different polymerization time . Effects of DEP on active center distribution are studied by fractionating each copolymer sample into boiling n‐heptane soluble (C7‐sol) and insoluble (C7‐ins) fractions, and counting the number of active centers in the copolymer fractions . The main effect of introducing DEP in the catalyst are reduction in the Ti content and significant increase in the proportion of active centers producing C7‐ins fraction. The propagation rate constants of ethylene insertion (kpE) and 1‐hexene insertion (kpH) are respectively estimated by linear fitting/extrapolating the change of apparent propagation rate constants (kpi)a with polymer yield according to a simplified multi‐grain particle model. In both catalysts, kpE in the C7‐ins fraction is 9–12 times larger than that in the C7‐sol fraction, and kpH in the C7‐ins fraction is 3–4 times larger than that in the C7‐sol fraction. The two groups of active centers have distinctly different catalytic properties. Introducing DEP reduced the kpE and kpH values and the extent of diffusion limitation . In summary, addition of electron donor in MgCl2‐supported Z‐N catalyst significantly changed the active center distribution and catalytic properties of its two groups of active centers.
Relatives' negotiations with healthcare professionals during older people's admission in an emergency department: An ethnographic study
Authors: Hoffmann Eva , Andersen Pernille Tanggaard , Mogensen Christian Backer , Prinds Christina , Primdahl Jette 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRelatives are recognised as important for older patients' care and treatment. Variations in relatives' opportunities to negotiate the quality and continuity of older people's care and treatment can potentially lead to inequality in older people's access to care and treatment.AimThis study aimed to examine relatives' opportunities and strategies for negotiation with health care professionals (HCPs) during the admission of older people to emergency departments in Denmark.Materials and MethodsWe planned a qualitative ethnographical study employing a hermeneutic approach. Observations focused on social situations and interactions between relatives and HCPs. The analysis was guided by qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe analysis derived one main theme, attitude to action, containing three subthemes: frustration obtaining access, presenting the case and a powerful relationship. Being active appeared to be essential to achieving possibilities for negotiation with HCPs.DiscussionInspired by Bourdieu, habitus, doxical values and institutional logics of relatives seem to affect their opportunities to negotiate with HCPs during older people's admission to an emergency department.ConclusionActive and proactive relatives seem to have better opportunities to negotiate with HCPs during older people's acute hospital admission than reactive, passive and hesitant relatives. The logic of public management and the medical profession seem to dominate and influence doxa in the EDs and put special demands on the relatives. This imbalance constitutes a risk of inequality in older people's access to health.
“It's a lot of things”: Household material hardship among Black and Hispanic parents of children with cancer
Authors: Valenzuela Ariana , Hawkins Alexandria , Revette Anna , Chen Li , Xiong Niya , Mazzola Emanuele , Eche Ijeoma J. , Karvonen Kristine , Snaman Jennifer M. , Wolfe Joanne , Bona Kira , Umaretiya Puja J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHousehold material hardship (HMH)—housing, food, transportation, or utility insecurity—is an adverse social determinant of health that is modifiable in the clinical setting. This mixed‐methods, single‐center study explored the experiences of HMH among Black and Hispanic pediatric oncology parents utilizing a single timepoint survey (N = 60) and semi‐structured interviews (N = 20 purposively sampled subcohort). Forty‐four (73%) parents reported HMH. Qualitatively, participants expressed stress, anxiety, and embarrassment due to unmet basic resource needs, and childcare emerged as an additional important domain of HMH. Participants recommend a standardized approach to HMH screening and resource allocation, offering insight into targets for future intervention.
Effect of homologous molecular crosslinking on the tribological properties of PTFE composites
Authors: He Yuanping , Lin Bin , Wang Yaohua , Zhao Feifei , Ning Guochen , Bao Xuan , Sui Tianyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA method of improving the tribological properties of hexagonal boron nitride/short carbon fibers/polytetrafluoroethylene (h‐BN/SCFs/PTFE) composites by adding homologous micropowder (MP1100) with polar groups is proposed in this study. Composites of h‐BN/SCFs/PTFE with MP1100 at 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 wt% were prepared. The pin‐on‐disc device was used to evaluate the friction properties of composites, and wear mechanisms against duplex stainless steel was examined. The experimental results show that MP1100 micropowder improves composite mechanical properties, friction coefficient, and wear resistance of composites. A 78.4% drop in wear rate was measured for 24 wt% MP1100. Such decrease in wear rate is explained based on changes in composite molecular structure, a transfer film formed by the absorption of debris, and the formation of chemically reacted polar group compounds on the steel disc.
Novel epoxy/cyclic olefin copolymer/carbon structural composites with electro‐activated self‐healing properties
Authors: Perin Davide , Mahmood Haroon , Rigotti Daniele , Dorigato Andrea , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultifunctional self‐healing composites have great potential in several applications, i.e., from automotive to aerospace. This study examines the self‐healing behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composites by depositing jet‐spun cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) meshes on dry carbon fiber plies before lamination with epoxy resin (EP). Three different laminates were prepared, including neat EP/CF and two composites with 4 wt.% and 8 wt.% of COC in the form of a jet‐spun network as a healing agent. The introduction of COC mesh reduced flexural stress by 26% and interlaminar shear strength by 50%. Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GI) was evaluated and specimens were mended at 110°C by resistive heating generated by an electrical current flowing within the samples. The laminates containing 8 wt% COC reported a healing efficiency, evaluated as the ratio between the GI and as the ratio of the maximum load (PMAX) of virgin and healed samples, of 9.4% and 33.7%, respectively. Fractography analysis highlighted the poor adhesion between the COC mesh and EP matrix, and several COC microfibers were trapped inside the epoxy matrix, hindering their diffusion inside the crack zone, which limited the healing capability of the prepared laminates.
Waterborne polymer composites containing hybrid graphene/carbon nanotube filler: Effect of graphene type on properties and performance
Authors: Prosheva Marija , Ehsani Maryam , Joseph Yvonne , Tomovska Radmila , Blazhevska Gilev Jadranka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolymer composites based on graphene/carbon nanotubes (G/CNT) and reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes (rGO/CNT) were synthetized by in‐situ miniemulsion polymerization containing 1 wt% hybrid filler with different ratio of G and CNT (10:1, 1.1, 1:10). From the hybrid aqueous dispersions obtained in that way polymer films were spontaneously formed at ambient conditions by water evaporation. The effect of the type of the graphene filler, G or rGO, on the properties and performance of polymer composites was studied. It was shown that G/CNT based composites presented improved morphology of the film due to better distribution of the filler and more organized structure of the film than that of rGO/CNT composites. The surface of the film was much smoother indicating more deepen filler within the polymer. Consequently, the G/CNT/polymer composites presented one order of magnitude increased Young's moduli and 60% lower water uptake than the neat polymer. Even though rGO/CNT/polymer composites presented also improved mechanical resistance, their water resistance was compromised probably due to the presence of hydrophilic functional groups that facilitated the water diffusion within the film.
History of Japanese psychopathology: Portraits of the second‐generation psychopathologists (Takeo Doi, Yomishi Kasahara, Hiroshi Yasunaga, Tadao Miyamoto, Bin Kimura, and Hisao Nakai) and their relationship to psychiatric reform movement in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Shimizu Kenshin , Mo Weijian 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to provide an overview of the history of Japanese psychopathology by presenting concise portraits of the second generation of Japanese psychopathologists, whose era is considered to be the heyday of Japanese psychopathology. Meanwhile, we also consider the historical background of the psychiatric reform movement in Japan that influenced many second‐generation psychopathologists. First, the paper briefly discusses the emergence of the first‐generation of psychopathologists through the adoption of German‐centered psychiatry after the Meiji era. In general, the first‐generation can be said to have laid the foundation for the independent development of psychopathology in Japan. Then came the second generation, at a time when the psychiatric reform movement was gaining momentum, with the Academic Chair System of the Faculty of Medicine (Ikyoku Kōzasei) heavily criticized, and psychiatric research itself halted temporarily. In order to continue the hampered academic research, workshops on “Psychopathology of Schizophrenia” were organized by the second‐generation psychopathologists, whose major figures include Takeo Doi, Yomishi Kasahara, Hiroshi Yasunaga, Tadao Miyamoto, Bin Kimura, and Hisao Nakai. The invaluable contributions of the second‐generation psychopathologists are essential to the development of Japanese psychopathology, and their close relationship with the psychiatric reform movement is worth reexamining, as it could be argued that the political tensions generated by the movement were the driving force behind their high‐quality work.
Development of a digital phenotyping system using 3D model reconstruction for zoysiagrass
Authors: Pongpiyapaiboon Sorawich , Tanaka Hidenori , Hashiguchi Masatsugu , Hashiguchi Takuyu , Hayashi Atsushi , Tanabata Takanari , Isobe Sachiko , Akashi Ryo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDigital phenotyping, particularly the use of plant 3D models, is a promising method for high‐throughput plant evaluation. Although many recent studies on the topic have been published, further research is needed to apply it to breeding research and other related fields. In this study, using a 3D model phenotyping system we developed, we reconstructed and analyzed 20 accessions of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), including three species and their hybrid, over a period of 1 year. Artificial neural network with three hidden layers was able to effectively remove nonplant parts while retaining plant parts that were incorrectly removed using the cropping method, offering a robust and flexible approach for post‐processing of 3D models. The system also demonstrated its ability to accurately evaluate a range of traits, including height, area, and color using red green blue (RGB)‐based vegetation indices. The results showed a high correlation between the estimated volume obtained from voxel 3D model and dry weight, enabling its use as a non‐destructive method for measuring plant volume. In addition, we found that the green red normalized difference index from RGB‐based indices was similar to the commonly used normalized difference vegetation index in controlled illumination conditions. These results demonstrate the potential for three‐dimensional model phenotyping to facilitate plant breeding, particularly in the field of turfgrass and feed crops.
Percutaneous, ultrasound‐guided single‐ and multisite cannulation for veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates
Authors: Kipfmueller Florian , Bo Bartolomeo , Schmitt Joachim , Sabir Hemmen , Schroeder Lukas , Mueller Andreas , Dresbach Till 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a widely used technique to support neonates with severe respiratory failure. Data on percutaneous, ultrasound‐guided veno‐venous (VV) ECMO cannulation in neonates is still scarce. Aim of this study was to describe our institutional experience with ultrasound‐guided percutaneous, VV ECMO cannulation in neonates with severe respiratory failure.MethodsNeonates receiving ECMO support at our department between January 2017 and January 2021 were retrospectively identified. Patients receiving VV ECMO cannulation performed by the percutaneous Seldinger technique by single‐ or multisite cannulation were analyzed.ResultsA total of 54 neonates received ECMO cannulation performed by the percutaneous Seldinger technique. In 39 patients (72%) a 13 French bicaval dual‐lumen cannula was inserted and in 15 patients (28%) two single‐lumen cannulae were used. Cannulae positioning using the multisite approach was in all cases as desired. The tip of the 13 French cannula was located in the IVC in 35/39 patients, in four patients position was too proximal but did not dislocate during the ECMO run. One (2%) preterm neonate (weight 1.75 kg) developed a cardiac tamponade which was successfully managed with drainage. Median duration of ECMO was 7 days (interquartile range: 5–16 days). Forty‐four patients (82%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and in 31/44 (71%) the ECMO cannulae were removed with a delay of 0.9–7.2 days (median 2.8 days) after weaning without noticing complications.ConclusionsA correct cannula placement using the ultrasound‐guided percutaneous Seldinger technique, for both single‐ and multisite cannulation, seems feasible in most neonatal patients receiving VV ECMO.
Protein salvage and repurposing in evolution: Phospholipase D toxins are stabilized by a remodeled scrap of a membrane association domain
Authors: Cordes Matthew H. J. , Sundman Alexandra K. , Fox Holden C. , Binford Greta J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD)‐like SMaseD/PLD domain family, which includes phospholipase D (PLD) toxins in recluse spiders and actinobacteria, evolved anciently in bacteria from the GDPD. The PLD enzymes retained the core (β/α)8 barrel fold of GDPD, while gaining a signature C‐terminal expansion motif and losing a small insertion domain. Using sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, we infer that the C‐terminal motif derives from a segment of an ancient bacterial PLAT domain. Formally, part of a protein containing a PLAT domain repeat underwent fusion to the C terminus of a GDPD barrel, leading to attachment of a segment of a PLAT domain, followed by a second complete PLAT domain. The complete domain was retained only in some basal homologs, but the PLAT segment was conserved and repurposed as the expansion motif. The PLAT segment corresponds to strands β7–β8 of a β‐sandwich, while the expansion motif as represented in spider PLD toxins has been remodeled as an α‐helix, a β‐strand, and an ordered loop. The GDPD‐PLAT fusion led to two acquisitions in founding the GDPD‐like SMaseD/PLD family: (1) a PLAT domain that presumably supported early lipase activity by mediating membrane association, and (2) an expansion motif that putatively stabilized the catalytic domain, possibly compensating for, or permitting, loss of the insertion domain. Of wider significance, messy domain shuffling events can leave behind scraps of domains that can be salvaged, remodeled, and repurposed.
Interface engineering of cellobiose dehydrogenase improves interdomain electron transfer
Authors: Reichhart Thomas M. B. , Scheiblbrandner Stefan , Sygmund Christoph , Harreither Wolfgang , Schenkenfelder Josef , Schulz Christopher , Felice Alfons K. G. , Gorton Lo , Ludwig Roland 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a bioelectrocatalyst that enables direct electron transfer (DET) in biosensors and biofuel cells. The application of this bidomain hemoflavoenzyme for physiological glucose measurements is limited by its acidic pH optimum and slow interdomain electron transfer (IET) at pH 7.5. The reason for this rate‐limiting electron transfer step is electrostatic repulsion at the interface between the catalytic dehydrogenase domain and the electron mediating cytochrome domain (CYT). We applied rational interface engineering to accelerate the IET for the pH prevailing in blood or interstitial fluid. Phylogenetic and structural analyses guided the design of 17 variants in which acidic amino acids were mutated at the CYT domain. Five mutations (G71K, D160K, Q174K, D177K, M180K) increased the pH optimum and IET rate. Structure‐based analysis of the variants suggested two mechanisms explaining the improvements: electrostatic steering and stabilization of the closed state by hydrogen bonding. Combining the mutations into six combinatorial variants with up to five mutations shifted the pH optimum from 4.5 to 7.0 and increased the IET at pH 7.5 over 12‐fold from 0.1 to 1.24 s−1. While the mutants sustained a high enzymatic activity and even surpassed the IET of the wild‐type enzyme, the accumulated positive charges on the CYT domain decreased DET, highlighting the importance of CYT for IET and DET. This study shows that interface engineering is an effective strategy to shift the pH optimum and improve the IET of CDH, but future work needs to maintain the DET of the CYT domain for bioelectronic applications.
Effect of Citrus bergamia extract on lipid profile: A combined in vitro and human study
Authors: Pierdomenico Maria , Cicero Arrigo F. G. , Veronesi Maddalena , Fogacci Federica , Riccioni Costanza , Benassi Barbara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the aim of characterising the hypo‐lipidemic function of the Brumex™ ingredient obtained from the whole fruit of Citrus bergamia, a combined pre‐clinical and clinical study was conducted. In the HepG2 experimental model, we first demonstrated that Brumex™ does not trigger any significant alteration in cell viability over the tested concentration range of 1–2000 μg/mL (4 and 24 h). By stimulating the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) at threonine 172, Brumex™ significantly reduces both cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) intracellular content of HepG2 cells and impairs the expression levels of lipid synthesis‐related genes (namely, SREBF1c, SREBF2, ACACA, SCD1, HMGCR and FASN). In vitro data have been validated in a dedicated double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomised clinical trial performed in 50 healthy moderately hyper‐cholesterolemic subjects, undergoing supplementation with either Brumex™ (400 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks. Clinical and blood laboratory data were evaluated at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Brumex™ positively impacted on both plasma lipid pattern and liver enzymes compared with the placebo, mainly in terms of significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC), TG, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), non‐high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase (gGT).
Is a Phone‐Based Language and Literacy Assessment a Reliable and Valid Measure of Children's Reading Skills in Low‐Resource Settings?
Authors: Sobers Shauna‐Marie , Whitehead Hannah L. , N'Goh Konan Nana Anicet , Ball Mary‐Claire , Tanoh Fabrice , Akpé Hermann , Jasińska Kaja K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTechnology‐based remote research methods are increasingly widespread, including learning assessments in child development and education research. However, little is known about whether technology‐based remote assessments remain as valid and reliable as in‐person assessments. We developed a low‐cost phone‐based language and literacy assessment for primary‐school children in low‐resource communities in rural Côte d'Ivoire using voice calls and SMS. We compared the reliability and validity of this phone‐based assessment to an established in‐person assessment. A total of 685 5th grade children completed language (phonological awareness, vocabulary, language comprehension) and literacy (letter, word, pseudoword, passage reading, and comprehension) tasks in‐person and by phone. Reliability (internal consistency) and predictive validity were high across in‐person and phone‐based tasks. Children's performance across in‐person and phone‐based assessments was moderately to strongly correlated. Phonological awareness and vocabulary skills measured in‐person and by phone significantly predicted in‐person and phone‐based letter, word, and pseudoword reading. Oral language and decoding skills measured in‐person and by phone significantly predicted in‐person and phone‐based passage reading and comprehension. Our phone‐based assessment was a reliable and valid measure of language and reading and feasible for low‐resource settings. Low‐cost technologies offer significant potential to measure children's learning remotely, increasing the inclusion of remote and low‐resource populations in education research.