bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urgent need to mitigate disparities in federal funding for cancer research
Authors: Haghighat Shida , Jiang Chunsu , El-Rifai Wael , Zaika Alexander , Goldberg David S , Kumar Shria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We evaluate National Cancer Institute (NCI) funding distribution to the most common cancers, considering their respective public health burdens, and explore associations between funding and racial and ethnic burden of disease. The NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, US Cancer Statistics database, and Funding Statistics were used to calculate funding-to-lethality (FTL) scores. Breast and prostate cancer had the first (179.65) and second (128.90) highest FTL scores, and esophagus and stomach cancer ranked 18th (2.12) and 19th (1.78). We evaluated whether there were differences between the FTL and cancer incidence and/or mortality within individual racial and ethnic groups. NCI funding correlated highly with cancers afflicting a higher proportion of non-Hispanic White individuals (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.84; P &lt; .001). Correlation was stronger for incidence than mortality. These data reveal that funding across cancer sites is not concordant with lethality and that cancers with high incidence among racial and ethnic minorities receive lower funding.
Partial breast irradiation compared with whole breast irradiation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shumway Dean A , Corbin Kimberly S , Farah Magdoleen H , Viola Kelly E , Nayfeh Tarek , Saadi Samer , Shah Vishal , Hasan Bashar , Shah Sahrish , Mohammed Khaled , Riaz Irbaz Bin , Prokop Larry J , Murad M Hassan , Wang Zhen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Early-stage breast cancer is among the most common cancer diagnoses. Adjuvant radiotherapy is an essential component of breast-conserving therapy, and several options exist for tailoring its extent and duration. This study assesses the comparative effectiveness of partial-breast irradiation (PBI) compared with whole-breast irradiation (WBI).

Methods
A systematic review was completed to identify relevant randomized clinical trials and comparative observational studies. Independent reviewers working in pairs selected studies and extracted data. Randomized trial results were pooled using a random effects model. Prespecified main outcomes were ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR), cosmesis, and adverse events (AEs).

Results
Fourteen randomized clinical trials and 6 comparative observational studies with 17 234 patients evaluated the comparative effectiveness of PBI. PBI was not statistically significantly different from WBI for IBR at 5 years (RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.83 to 2.18; high strength of evidence [SOE]) and 10 years (RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.91; high SOE). Evidence for cosmetic outcomes was insufficient. Statistically significantly fewer acute AEs were reported with PBI compared with WBI, with no statistically significant difference in late AEs. Data from subgroups according to patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were insufficient. Intraoperative radiotherapy was associated with higher IBR at 5, 10, and over than 10 years (high SOE) compared with WBI.

Conclusions
Ipsilateral breast recurrence was not statistically significantly different between PBI and WBI. Acute AEs were less frequent with PBI. This evidence supports the effectiveness of PBI among selected patients with early-stage, favorable-risk breast cancer who are similar to those represented in the included studies.
The influence of the “cancer” label on perceptions and management decisions for low-grade prostate cancer
Authors: Berlin Alejandro , Ramotar Matthew , Santiago Anna T , Liu Zhihui , Li Joyce , Wolinsky Howard , Wallis Christopher J D , Chua Melvin L K , Paner Gladell P , van der Kwast Theodorus , Cooperberg Matthew R , Vickers Andrew J , Urbach David R , Eggener Scott E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Grade Group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer should be managed with active surveillance (AS). Global uptake of AS remains disappointingly slow and heterogeneous. Removal of cancer labels has been proposed to reduce GG1 overtreatment. We sought to determine the impact of GG1 disease terminology on individual’s perceptions and decision making.

Methods
Discrete choice experiments were conducted on 3 cohorts: healthy men, canonical partners (partners), and patients with GG1 (patients). Participants reported preferences in a series of vignettes with 2 scenarios each, permuting key opinion leader–endorsed descriptors: biopsy (adenocarcinoma, acinar neoplasm, prostatic acinar neoplasm of low malignant potential [PAN-LMP], prostatic acinar neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential), disease (cancer, neoplasm, tumor, growth), management decision (treatment, AS), and recurrence risk (6%, 3%, 1%, &lt;1%). Influence on scenario selection were estimated by conditional logit models and marginal rates of substitution. Two additional validation vignettes with scenarios portraying identical descriptors except the management options were embedded into the discrete choice experiments.

Results
Across cohorts (194 healthy men, 159 partners, and 159 patients), noncancer labels PAN-LMP or prostatic acinar neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential and neoplasm, tumor, or growth were favored over adenocarcinoma and cancer (P &lt; .01), respectively. Switching adenocarcinoma and cancer labels to PAN-LMP and growth, respectively, increased AS choice by up to 17%: healthy men (15%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10% to 20%, from 76% to 91%, P &lt; .001), partners (17%, 95% CI = 12% to 24%, from 65% to 82%, P &lt; .001), and patients (7%, 95% CI = 4% to 12%, from 75% to 82%, P = .063). The main limitation is the theoretical nature of questions perhaps leading to less realistic choices.

Conclusions
“Cancer” labels negatively affect perceptions and decision making regarding GG1. Relabeling (ie, avoiding word “cancer”) increases proclivity for AS and would likely improve public health.
Delayed placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis is associated with a high complication rate in men with a history of ischemic priapism
Authors: Barham David W , Chang Chrystal , Hammad Muhammed , Pyrgidis Nikolaos , Swerdloff Daniel , Gross Kelli , Hatzichristodoulou Georgios , Hsieh Tung-Chin , Hotaling James M , Jenkins Lawrence C , Jones James M , Modgil Vaibhav , Osmonov Daniar , Pearce Ian , Perito Paul , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Suarez-Sarmiento Jr. Alfredo , Sempels Maxime , Service C Austin , Simhan Jay , Yafi Faysal A , Gross Martin S ,   the PUMP (Prosthetic Urology Multi-institutional Partnership) collaborators
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Corporal fibrosis is known to result from prolonged priapism; however, the impact of the timing of penile prosthesis placement after priapism on complication rates is poorly understood.

Aim
We sought to evaluate the impact of timing of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement on complications in men with a history of ischemic priapism.

Methods
We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients with a history of priapism undergoing IPP placement by 10 experienced implantation surgeons. We defined early placement as ≤6 months from priapism to IPP. We identified a 1:1 propensity-matched group of men without a history of priapism and compared complication rates between men who had early placement, late placement, and no history of priapism.

Outcomes
Our primary outcome was postoperative noninfectious complications, and secondary outcomes included intraoperative complications and postoperative infection.

Results
A total of 124 men were included in the study with a mean age of 50.3 ± 12.7 years. A total of 62 had a history of priapism and 62 were matched control subjects. The median duration of priapism was 37 (range, 3-168) hours and the median time from ischemic priapism to IPP placement was 15 months (range, 3 days to 23 years). Fifteen (24%) men underwent early (≤6 months) IPP placement at a median time of 2 months (range, 3 days to 6 months) following the ischemic priapism event. The remaining 47 (76%) underwent placement &gt;6 months following priapism at a median time of 31.5 months (range, 7 months to 23 years). The complication rate in the delayed placement group was 40.5% compared with 0% in the early placement group and control group. Cylinder-related complications such as migration or leak accounted for 8 (57%) of 14 of the postoperative noninfectious complications. Full-sized cylinders were used in all patients who had a cylinder related complication.

Clinical Implications
Priapism patients should be referred to prosthetic experts early to decrease complication rates in those needing an IPP.

Strengths and Limitations
This is a multicenter study from experienced prosthetic urologists but is limited by the retrospective nature and small number of patients in the early placement group.

Conclusion
IPP complication rates are high in men with a history of ischemic priapism, especially when implantation is delayed beyond 6 months.
Defect in Automated Antigen Excess Detection Discovered after Reviewing Serum Free Light Chain Results in Context with Clinical Findings
Authors: Lao Kriselle Maris , Pokharel Ashbita , Elzieny Mai Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim , Sykes Elizabeth , Truscott Steven M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Serum κ and λ free light chains can be markedly elevated in monoclonal gammopathies; consequently, serum free light chain (sFLC) immunoassays are susceptible to inaccuracies caused by antigen excess. As a result, diagnostics manufacturers have attempted to automate antigen excess detection. A 75-year-old African-American woman had laboratory findings consistent with severe anemia, acute kidney injury, and moderate hypercalcemia. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis and sFLC testing were ordered. The sFLC results initially showed mildly elevated free λ light chains and normal free κ. The pathologist noted that sFLC results were discrepant with the bone marrow biopsy, electrophoresis, and immunofixation results. After manual dilution of the serum, repeat sFLC testing revealed significantly higher λ sFLC results. Antigen excess causing falsely low sFLC quantitation may not be detected by immunoassay instruments as intended. Correlation with clinical history, serum and urine protein electrophoresis results, and other laboratory findings is essential when interpreting sFLC results.
Efficient compliance checking of RDF data
Authors: Robaldo Livio , Pacenza Francesco , Zangari Jessica , Calegari Roberta , Calimeri Francesco , Siragusa Giovanni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Automated compliance checking, i.e. the task of automatically assessing whether states of affairs comply with normative systems, has recently received a lot of attention from the scientific community, also as a consequence of the increasing investments in Artificial Intelligence technologies for the legal domain (LegalTech). The authors of this paper deem as crucial the research and implementation of compliance checkers that can directly process data in RDF format, as nowadays more and more (big) data in this format are becoming available worldwide, across a multitude of different domains. Among the automated technologies that have been used in recent literature, to the best of our knowledge, only two of them have been evaluated with input states of affairs encoded in RDF format. This paper formalizes a selected use case in these two technologies and compares the implementations, also in terms of simulations with respect to shared synthetic datasets.
Knowledge injection of Datalog rules via Neural Network Structuring with KINS
Authors: Magnini Matteo , Ciatto Giovanni , Omicini Andrea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We propose a novel method to inject symbolic knowledge in form of Datalog formulæ into neural networks (NN), called Knowledge Injection via Network Structuring (KINS). The idea behind our method is to extend NN internal structure with ad-hoc layers built out of the injected symbolic knowledge. KINS does not constrain NN to any specific architecture, neither requires logic formulæ to be ground. Moreover, it is robust w.r.t. both lack of data and imperfect/incomplete knowledge. Experiments are reported, involving multiple datasets and predictor types, to demonstrate how KINS can significantly improve the predictive performance of the neural networks it is applied to.
Revealing the Structural Organization of Gamma-irradiated Starch Granules Using Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Authors: Chen Ming-Chi , Govindaraju Indira , Wang Wei-Hsun , Chen Wei-Liang , Mumbrekar Kamalesh Dattaram , Mal Sib Sankar , Sarmah Bhaswati , Baruah Vishwa Jyoti , Srisungsitthisunti Pornsak , Karunakara Naregundi , Mazumder Nirmal , Zhuo Guan-Yu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Starch is a semi-crystalline macromolecule with the presence of amorphous and crystalline components. The amorphous amylose and crystalline amylopectin regions in starch granules are susceptible to certain physical modifications, such as gamma irradiation. Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy in conjunction with SHG-circular dichroism (CD) was used to assess the three-dimensional molecular order and inherent chirality of starch granules and their reaction to different dosages of gamma irradiation. For the first time, the relationship between starch achirality (χ21/χ16 and χ22/χ16) and chirality (χ14/χ16) determining susceptibility tensor ratios has been elucidated. The results showed that changes in the structure and orientation of long-chain amylopectin were supported by the decrease in the SHG anisotropy factor and the χ22/χ16 ratio. Furthermore, SHG-CD illustrated the molecular tilt angle by revealing the arrangement of amylopectin molecules pointing either upward or downward owing to molecular polarity.
The magnetic, spectroscopic, and photometric variability of the Wolf–Rayet star WR 55
Authors: Järvinen S P , Hubrig S , Jayaraman R , Cikota A , Schöller M 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Studies of magnetic fields in the most evolved massive stars, the Wolf–Rayet stars, are of special importance because they are progenitors of certain types of supernovae. The first detection of a magnetic field of the order of a few hundred gauss in the WN7 star WR 55, based on a few FORS2 low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations, was reported in 2020. In this work, we present new FORS2 observations allowing us to detect magnetic and spectroscopic variability with a period of 11.90 h. No significant frequencies were detected in TESS and ASAS-SN photometric observations. Importantly, magnetic field detections are achieved currently only in two Wolf–Rayet stars, WR 6 and WR 55, both showing the presence of corotating interacting regions.
Polycomb protein SCML2 mediates paternal epigenetic inheritance through sperm chromatin
Authors: Sakashita Akihiko , Ooga Masatoshi , Otsuka Kai , Maezawa So , Takeuchi Chikara , Wakayama Sayaka , Wakayama Teruhiko , Namekawa Satoshi H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sperm chromatin retains small amounts of histones, and chromatin states of sperm mirror gene expression programs of the next generation. However, it remains largely unknown how paternal epigenetic information is transmitted through sperm chromatin. Here, we present a novel mouse model of paternal epigenetic inheritance, in which deposition of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mediated-repressive H3K27me3 is attenuated in the paternal germline. By applying modified methods of assisted reproductive technology using testicular sperm, we rescued infertility of mice missing Polycomb protein SCML2, which regulates germline gene expression by establishing H3K27me3 on bivalent promoters with other active marks H3K4me2/3. We profiled epigenomic states (H3K27me3 and H3K4me3) of testicular sperm and epididymal sperm, demonstrating that the epididymal pattern of the sperm epigenome is already established in testicular sperm and that SCML2 is required for this process. In F1 males of X-linked Scml2-knockout mice, which have a wild-type genotype, gene expression is dysregulated in the male germline during spermiogenesis. These dysregulated genes are targets of SCML2-mediated H3K27me3 in F0 sperm. Further, dysregulation of gene expression was observed in the mutant-derived wild-type F1 preimplantation embryos. Together, we present functional evidence that the classic epigenetic regulator Polycomb mediates paternal epigenetic inheritance through sperm chromatin.
TP53 germline pathogenic variants in modern humans were likely originated during recent human history
Authors: Kou Si Hoi , Li Jiaheng , Tam Benjamin , Lei Huijun , Zhao Bojin , Xiao Fengxia , Wang San Ming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
TP53 is crucial for maintaining genome stability and preventing oncogenesis. Germline pathogenic variation in TP53 damages its function, causing genome instability and increased cancer risk. Despite extensive study in TP53, the evolutionary origin of the human TP53 germline pathogenic variants remains largely unclear. In this study, we applied phylogenetic and archaeological approaches to identify the evolutionary origin of TP53 germline pathogenic variants in modern humans. In the phylogenic analysis, we searched 406 human TP53 germline pathogenic variants in 99 vertebrates distributed in eight clades of Primate, Euarchontoglires, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria, Mammal, Aves, Sarcopterygii and Fish, but we observed no direct evidence for the cross-species conservation as the origin; in the archaeological analysis, we searched the variants in 5031 ancient human genomes dated between 45045 and 100 years before present, and identified 45 pathogenic variants in 62 ancient humans dated mostly within the last 8000 years; we also identified 6 pathogenic variants in 3 Neanderthals dated 44000 to 38515 years before present and 1 Denisovan dated 158 550 years before present. Our study reveals that TP53 germline pathogenic variants in modern humans were likely originated in recent human history and partially inherited from the extinct Neanderthals and Denisovans.
Multiple meningiomas: Epidemiology, management, and outcomes
Authors: Fahlström Andreas , Dwivedi Shourye , Drummond Katharine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common nonmalignant brain tumor in adults, with an increasing incidence of asymptomatic meningiomas diagnosed on more ubiquitous neuroimaging. A subset of meningioma patients bear 2 or more spatially separated synchronous or metachronous tumors termed “multiple meningiomas” (MM), reported to occur in only 1%–10% of patients, though recent data indicate higher incidence. MM constitute a distinct clinical entity, with unique etiologies including sporadic, familial and radiation-induced, and pose special management challenges. While the pathophysiology of MM is not established, theories include independent origin in disparate locations through unique genetic events, and the “monoclonal hypothesis” of a transformed neoplastic clone with subarachnoid seeding precipitating numerous distinct meningiomas. Patients with solitary meningiomas carry the risk of long-term neurological morbidity and mortality, as well as impaired health-related quality of life, despite being a generally benign and surgically curable tumor. For patients with MM, the situation is even less favorable. MM should be regarded as a chronic disease, and in many cases, the management goal is disease control, as cure is seldom possible. Multiple interventions and lifelong surveillance are sometimes necessary. We aim to review the MM literature and create a comprehensive overview, including an evidence-based management paradigm.
The joint impacts of sex and race/ethnicity on incidence of grade 1 versus grades 2–3 meningioma across the lifespan
Authors: Walsh Kyle M , Price Mackenzie , Neff Corey , Komisarow Jordan M , Wimberly Courtney E , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Ostrom Quinn T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Previous research has identified older age, African-American race, and female sex as meningioma risk factors, but there is limited information on their joint effects, or on how these demographic factors vary across strata of tumor grade.

Methods
The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) is a population-based registry combining data from the CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries and NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program which covers ~100% of the U.S. population and aggregates incidence data on all primary malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors. These data were used to explore the joint impacts of sex and race/ethnicity on average annual age-adjusted incidence rates of meningioma. We calculated meningioma incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by sex and race/ethnicity, across strata of age and tumor grade.

Results
Compared to individuals who are non-Hispanic White, individuals who are non-Hispanic Black had significantly higher risk of grade 1 (IRR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.21–1.24) and grade 2–3 meningioma (IRR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.37–1.47). The female-to-male IRR peaked in the fifth decade of life across all racial/ethnic groups and tumor grades, but was 3.59 (95% CI: 3.51–3.67) for WHO grade 1 meningioma and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.63–1.87) for WHO grade 2–3 meningioma.

Conclusions
This study reveals the joint effects of sex and race/ethnicity on meningioma incidence throughout the lifespan and across strata of tumor grade, highlighting incidence disparities among females and African-Americans that may inform future strategies for tumor interception.
Bevacizumab, Irinotecan, and Biweekly Trifluridine/Tipiracil for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: MODURATE, a Phase Ib Study
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroya , Yamazaki Kentaro , Masuishi Toshiki , Kawakami Takeshi , Onozawa Yusuke , Honda Kazunori , Kadowaki Shigenori , Narita Yukiya , Tsushima Takahiro , Hamauchi Satoshi , Todaka Akiko , Yokota Tomoya , Ando Masashi , Mori Keita , Shirasu Hiromichi , Yasui Hirofumi , Muro Kei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
In this phase Ib study MODURATE, we optimized the dosing schedule and tested the efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil, irinotecan, and bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin treatment failure.

Methods
We included a dose escalation (3 + 3 design) and an expansion cohort. Patients were administered trifluridine/tipiracil (25-35 mg/m2 twice daily, days 1-5), irinotecan (150–180 mg/m2, day 1), and bevacizumab (5 mg/kg, day 1) every 2 weeks. The recommended phase II dose (RP2D) in the dose escalation cohort was administered to at least 15 patients in both cohorts combined.

Results
Twenty-eight patients were enrolled. Five dose-limiting toxicities were observed. RP2D was defined as trifluridine/tipiracil 35 mg/m2, irinotecan 150 mg/m2, and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg. Of 16 patients who received RP2D, 86% (14/16) experienced grade ≥3 neutropenia without febrile neutropenia. Dose reduction, delay, and discontinuation occurred in 94%, 94%, and 6% of patients, respectively. Three patients (19%) showed partial response and 5 had stable disease for &gt;4 months, with a median progression-free and overall survival of 7.1 and 21.7 months, respectively.

Conclusion
Biweekly trifluridine/tipiracil, irinotecan, and bevacizumab administration may have moderate antitumor activity with high risk of severe myelotoxicity in previously treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer [UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000019828) and Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs041180028)].