bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epicardial electrical heterogeneity after amiodarone treatment increases vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias under therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Lin Chin-Yu , Chang Ting-Yung , Hu Yu-Feng , Hsieh Yu-Cheng , Chen Yi-Jen , Yeh Hung-I , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Chang Shih-Lin , Lo Li-Wei , Chao Tze-Fan , Chung Fa-Po , Liao Jo-Nan , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Chen Shih-Ann 
Published: April 2023

Background
Amiodarone is commonly used during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) following cardiac arrest due to ventricular arrhythmias. However, electrophysiological changes and proarrhythmic risk after amiodarone treatment have not yet been explored in TH.

Methods
Epicardial high-density bi-ventricular mapping was performed in pigs under baseline temperature (BT), TH (32–34°C), and amiodarone treatment during TH. The total activation time (TAT), conduction velocity (CV), local electrogram (LE) duration, and wavefront propagation from pre-specified segments were analyzed during sinus rhythm (SR) or right ventricular (RV) pacing (RVP), along with tissue expression of connexin 43. The vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias was assessed.

Results
Compared to BT, TH increased the global TAT, decreased the CV, and generated heterogeneous electrical substrate during SR and RVP. During TH, the CV reduction and LE duration prolongation were greater in the anterior mid RV than in the other areas, which changed the wavefront propagation in all animals. Compared to TH alone, amiodarone treatment during TH further increased the TAT and LE duration and decreased the CV. Heterogeneous conduction was partially attenuated after amiodarone treatment. After TH and amiodarone treatment, the connexin 43 expression in the anterior mid RV was lower than that in the other areas, compatible with the heterogeneous CV reduction. The animals under TH and amiodarone treatment had a higher incidence of inducible ventricular arrhythmias than those under BT or TH without amiodarone.

Conclusion
Electrical heterogeneity during amiodarone treatment and TH was associated with vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias.
Authorization of midwives to perform basic emergency obstetric and newborn care signal functions in Argentina, Ghana, and India: A multi-country validation study of a key global maternal and newborn health indicator
Authors: Ramesh Sowmya , Chakraborty Suchandrima , Adanu Richard M. , Bandoh Delia A. B. , Berrueta Mabel , Gausman Jewel , Khan Nizamuddin , Kenu Ernest , Langer Ana , Nigri Carolina , Odikro Magdalene A. , Pingray Verónica , Saggurti Niranjan , Vázquez Paula , Williams Caitlin R. , Jolivet R. Rima 
Published: April 2023

Background
Midwives’ authorization to deliver the seven basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC) functions is a core policy indicator in global monitoring frameworks, yet little evidence supports whether such data are captured accurately, or whether authorization demonstrates convergence with midwives’ skills and actual provision of services. In this study, we aimed to validate the data reported in global monitoring frameworks (criterion validity) and to determine whether a measure of authorization is a valid indicator for BEmONC availability (construct validity).

Methods
We conducted a validation study in Argentina, Ghana, and India. To assess accuracy of the reported data on midwives’ authorization to provide BEmONC services, we reviewed national regulatory documents and compared with reported country-specific data in Countdown to 2030 and the World Health Organization Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Policy Survey. To assess whether authorization demonstrates convergent validity with midwives’ skills, training, and performance of BEmONC signal functions, we surveyed 1257 midwives/midwifery professionals and assessed variance.

Results
We detected discrepancies between data reported in the global monitoring frameworks and the national regulatory framework in all three countries. We found wide variations between midwives’ authorization to perform signal functions and their self-reported skills and actual performance within the past 90 days. The percentage of midwives who reported performing all signal functions for which they were authorized per country-specific regulations was 17% in Argentina, 23% in Ghana, and 31% in India. Additionally, midwives in all three countries reported performing some signal functions that the national regulations did not authorize.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest limitations in criterion and construct validity for this indicator in Argentina, Ghana, and India. Some signal functions such as assisted vaginal delivery may be obsolete based on current practice patterns. Findings suggest the need to re-examine the emergency interventions that should be included as BEmONC signal functions.
Major dietary patterns of community dwelling adults and their associations with impaired blood glucose and central obesity in Eastern Ethiopia: Diet-disease epidemiological study
Authors: Mekonnen Berhanu Abebaw , Oumer Abdu , Ale Ahmed , Hamza Aragaw , Dagne Imam , Umer Abdurezak Adem , Fentie Dilnessa , Yigezu Muluken , Tariku Zerihun , Abate Shambel 
Published: April 2023

Backgrounds
Unhealthy dietary intake is an important preventable risk factor for obesity and impaired blood glucose (IBG), ultimately increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases. When compared to individual food intakes, dietary patterns are a stronger predictor of health outcomes and should be systematically evaluated where such evidence is lacking. This study evaluated dietary patterns and their association with the risk of central obesity and IBG among adults.

Methods
A community-based survey was conducted among 501 randomly-selected adults from Eastern Ethiopia. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire during a face-to-face interview that included sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, as well as a validated 89-item food frequency questionnaire (collected over one month). Principal component analysis was used to derive the dietary pattern. While central obesity was assessed using waist and/or hip circumference measurements, fasting blood sugar was used for IBG. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted with an odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values reported.

Results
A total of 501 adults (95.3%) were interviewed, with a mean age of 41 years (±12). Five major dietary patterns explaining 71% of the total variance were identified: “nutrient-dense foods”, “high fat and protein”, “processed foods”, “alcohol drinks”, and “cereal diets”. While 20.4% (17.0–24.2%) had IBG, 14.6% (11.8–17.9) were centrally obese, and 94.6% (92.3–96.3) had an increased waist-to-hip circumference ratio. Central obesity is associated with upper wealth status (AOR = 6.92; 2.91–16.5), physical inactivity (AOR = 21.1; 2.77–161.4), a diet high in nutrient-dense foods (AOR = 1.75; 0.75–4.06), processed foods (AOR = 1.41; 0.57–3.48), and cereal diets (AOR = 4.06; 1.87–8.82). The burden of IBG was associated with upper wealth status (AOR = 2.36; 1.36–4.10), physical inactivity (AOR = 2.17; 0.91–5.18), upper tercile of nutrient-dense foods (AOR = 1.35; 0.62–2.93), fat and protein diet (AOR = 1.31; 0.66–2.62), and cereal diet consumption (AOR = 3.87; 1.66–9.02).

Conclusion
IBG and central obesity were prevalent and predicted by upper tercile consumption of nutrient-dense foods, high fat and protein diets, processed foods, and cereal diets, which could guide dietary interventions.
Omega-3 supplements in the prevention and treatment of youth depression and anxiety symptoms: A scoping review
Authors: Reily Natalie M. , Tang Samantha , Negrone Ashlee , Gan Daniel Z. Q. , Sheanoda Veronica , Christensen Helen 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Omega-3 supplements may be efficacious in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults, particularly as an adjunct to antidepressant medication. However, research in young people is limited. Thus, this scoping review aimed to summarise existing evidence on the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation in treating depression and anxiety symptoms in young people aged 14–24. A secondary aim was to determine whether grey literature intended for the general public accurately reflects the evidence.

Method
Four databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, EmBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed) were searched from inception to 4th August 2021. Eligible peer-reviewed studies were empirical studies which examined the efficacy of omega-3 supplements in preventing/treating anxiety and/or depression symptoms in young people aged 14–24. Risk of bias was assessed for randomised studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Selected grey literature databases were also searched, with eligible sources assessed for quality. A stakeholder group including young people with lived experience of anxiety/depression, parents/carers and mental health professionals informed the research questions and data interpretation. Findings were summarised using narrative synthesis.

Results
17 empirical studies (N = 1240 participants) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Studies varied in treatment and participant characteristics. In general, the data did not support the view that omega-3 supplements were efficacious in improving symptoms of anxiety or depression in young people aged 14–24. In contrast, most grey literature sources recommended the use of omega-3 supplements in young people.

Discussion
Evidence for efficacy of omega-3 supplementation in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in young people was inconclusive. More research is needed to identify potential mechanisms and moderators of the effect of omega-3 supplements on depression and anxiety symptoms in young people.
A scoping review of medication self-management intervention tools to support persons with traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Cadel Lauren , Cimino Stephanie R. , Bradley-Ridout Glyneva , Hitzig Sander L. , Packer Tanya L. , McCarthy Lisa M. , Patel Tejal , Lofters Aisha K. , Hahn-Goldberg Shoshana , Ho Chester H. , Guilcher Sara J. T. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) use multiple medications (polypharmacy) to manage the high number of secondary complications and concurrent conditions. Despite the prevalence of polypharmacy and challenges associated with managing medications, there are few tools to support medication self-management for persons with SCI.

Objective
The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and summarize what is reported in the literature on medication self-management interventions for adults with traumatic SCI.

Methods
Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles that included an adult population with a traumatic SCI and an intervention targeting medication management. The intervention was required to incorporate a component of self-management. Articles were double screened and data were extracted and synthesized using descriptive approaches.

Results
Three studies were included in this review, all of which were quantitative. A mobile app and two education-based interventions to address self-management of SCI, medication management, and pain management, respectively, were included. Only one of the interventions was co-developed with patients, caregivers, and clinicians. There was minimal overlap in the outcomes measured across the studies, but learning outcomes (e.g., perceived knowledge and confidence), behavioural outcomes (e.g., management strategies, data entry), and clinical outcomes (e.g., number of medications, pain scores, functional outcomes) were evaluated. Results of the interventions varied, but some positive outcomes were noted.

Conclusions
There is an opportunity to better support medication self-management for persons with SCI by co-designing an intervention with end-users that comprehensively addresses self-management. This will aid in understanding why interventions work, for whom, in what setting, and under what circumstances.
Home-based exercise improves quality of life in breast and prostate cancer survivors: A meta-analysis
Authors: Bates-Fraser Lauren C. , Riley Sasha , Stopforth Cameron , Moertl Kaileigh , Edgar Kyle , Stoner Lee , Hanson Erik D. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Breast (BCa) and prostate (PCa) cancer are two of the most common but survivable cancers. One important component of survivorship that is impacted by treatment long term is diminished quality of life (QoL). Supervised exercise improves QoL and subsequent outcomes but is not accessible for all survivors. Additionally, many factors influence QoL including physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical function, and fatigue. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to increase access to exercise beyond supervised exercise facilities. Home-based exercise may provide a feasible alternative for cancer survivors especially for those living in rural communities.

Objectives
The primary aim is to investigate the effects of home-based exercise training (Pre-training vs. Post-training) on QoL in BCa/PCa. A secondary aim is to investigate PA, CRF, physical function, and fatigue and potential moderators (age, cancer-type, intervention duration and type). Home-based exercise trials (randomized crossover or quasi-experimental design) with adults (aged 18 years and over) breast or prostate cancer survivors (not currently undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment) were eligible for inclusion.

Data sources
Electronic databases were searched (inception-December 2022) for studies which included adult BCa or PCa survivors (not currently on chemotherapy/radiation), at least measured QoL, and undergoing unsupervised, home-based exercise training.

Appraisal and synthesis methods
Initially, 819 studies were identified, from which 17 studies (20 effects) involving 692 participants were extracted. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD). Data were pooled using a 3-level model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Pooled SMD was used to assess the magnitude of effect, where <0.2, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 was defined as trivial, small, moderate, and large respectively.

Results
Home-based exercise resulted in small improvements in QoL (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI 0.01, 0.60, p = 0.042), PA (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI 0.26, 0.75, p<0.001) and CRF (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI -0.01, 0.91, p = 0.056). Physical function (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI -0.21, 0.21, p = 1.000) and fatigue (SMD = -0.61, 95%CI -1.53, 0.32, p = 0.198) did not change.

Conclusions
Home-based exercise results in small improves QoL in BCa/PCa survivors, independent of cancer type, intervention duration and type, or age. Home-based exercise also improves PA and CRF enhancing survivorship. Therefore, home-based exercise is an efficacious alternative option to improve QoL for BCa and PCa survivors especially for those who live in rural communities or lack access to exercise facilities.
Longitudinal models for the progression of disease portfolios in a nationwide chronic heart disease population
Authors: Holm Nikolaj Normann , Frølich Anne , Andersen Ove , Juul-Larsen Helle Gybel , Stockmarr Anders 
Published: April 2023

Background and aimWith multimorbidity becoming increasingly prevalent in the ageing population, addressing the epidemiology and development of multimorbidity at a population level is needed. Individuals subject to chronic heart disease are widely multimorbid, and population-wide longitudinal studies on their chronic disease trajectories are few.MethodsDisease trajectory networks of expected disease portfolio development and chronic condition prevalences were used to map sex and socioeconomic multimorbidity patterns among chronic heart disease patients. Our data source was all Danish individuals aged 18 years and older at some point in 1995-2015, consisting of 6,048,700 individuals. We used algorithmic diagnoses to obtain chronic disease diagnoses and included individuals who received a heart disease diagnosis. We utilized a general Markov framework considering combinations of chronic diagnoses as multimorbidity states. We analyzed the time until a possible new diagnosis, termed the diagnosis postponement time, in addition to transitions to new diagnoses. We modelled the postponement times by exponential models and transition probabilities by logistic regression models.FindingsAmong the cohort of 766,596 chronic heart disease diagnosed individuals, the prevalence of multimorbidity was 84.36% and 88.47% for males and females, respectively. We found sex-related differences within the chronic heart disease trajectories. Female trajectories were dominated by osteoporosis and male trajectories by cancer. We found sex important in developing most conditions, especially osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes. A socioeconomic gradient was observed where diagnosis postponement time increases with educational attainment. Contrasts in disease portfolio development based on educational attainment were found for both sexes, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes more prevalent at lower education levels, compared to higher.ConclusionsDisease trajectories of chronic heart disease diagnosed individuals are heavily complicated by multimorbidity. Therefore, it is essential to consider and study chronic heart disease, taking into account the individuals’ entire disease portfolio.
Prenatal and early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution and allergic rhinitis in children: A systematic literature review
Authors: Liu Lifang , Ma Jingxuan , Peng Shanshan , Xie Linshen 
Published: April 2023

Background
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is hypothesised to play a role in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). Prenatal and early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution is considered critical for later respiratory health. However, we could not find any articles systematically reviewing the risk of prenatal and early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution for allergic rhinitis in children.

Methods
A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Medline was conducted to identify studies focused on the association between prenatal and early-life exposure to TRAP and AR in children. Other inclusion criteria were: 1) original articles; 2) based upon prospective or retrospective studies or case-control studies; and 3) publications were restricted to English. Literature quality assessment was processed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) evaluation scale. This systematic literature review has been registered on the prospero (crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) with the following registry number: CRD42022361179.

Results
Only eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The exposure assessment indicators included PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, PM10, NOx, CO, and black carbon. On the whole, exposure to TRAP during pregnancy and the first year of life were positively associated with the development of AR in children.

Conclusions
This systematic review presents supportive evidence about prenatal and early-life exposure to TRAP and the risk of AR in children.
The effectiveness of post-processing head and neck CT angiography using contrast enhancement boost technique
Authors: Otgonbaatar Chuluunbaatar , Jeon Pil-Hyun , Ryu Jae-Kyun , Shim Hackjoon , Jeon Sang-Hyun , Ko Sung Min , Kim Hyunjung , Kim Jin Woo 
Published: April 2023

Background and purpose
This study aimed to investigate the potential of contrast enhancement (CE)-boost technique in the head and neck computed tomography (CT) angiography in terms of the objective and subjective image quality.

Materials and methods
Consecutive patients who underwent head and neck CT angiography between May 2022 and July 2022 were included. The CE-boost images were generated by combining the subtracted iodinated image and contrast-enhanced image. The objective image analysis was compared for each image with and without CE-boost technique using the CT attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR), and image sharpness (full width at half width maximum, FWHM). The subjective image analysis was evaluated by two independent experienced radiologists in the following aspects: the overall image quality, motion artifact, vascular delineation, and vessel sharpness.

Results
A total of 65 patients (mean age, 59.48 ± 13.71 years; range, 24–87 years; 36 women) were included. The CT attenuation of the vertebrobasilar arteries was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the images obtained using CE-boost technique than in conventional images. Image noise was significantly (p < 0.001) lower for CE-boost images (6.09 ± 1.93) than for conventional images (7.79 ± 1.73). Moreover, CE-boost technique yielded higher SNR (64.43 ± 17.17 vs. 121.37 ± 38.77, p < 0.001) and CNR (56.90 ± 18.79 vs. 116.65 ± 57.44, p < 0.001) than conventional images. CE-boost resulted in shorter FWHM than conventional images (p < 0.001). Higher subjective image quality scores were also demonstrated by the CE-boost than images without CE-boost technique.

Conclusions
In both objective and subjective image analysis, the CE-boost technique provided higher image quality without increasing the flow rate and concentration of contrast media in the head and neck CT angiography. Furthermore, the vessel completeness and delineation were superior in CE-boost images than in conventional images.
Influence of aspirin on aging skeletal muscle: Insights from a cross‐sectional cohort of septuagenarians
Authors: Fountain William A. , Naruse Masatoshi , Finch W. Holmes , Claiborne Alex , Trappe Scott W. , Trappe Todd A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAspirin is one of the most commonly consumed cyclooxygenase (COX)‐inhibitors and anti‐inflammatory drugs and has been shown to block COX‐produced regulators of inflammation and aging skeletal muscle size. We used propensity score matching to compare skeletal muscle characteristics of individuals from the Health ABC study that did not consume aspirin or any other COX‐inhibiting drugs (non‐consumers, n = 497, 74 ± 3 year, 168 ± 9 cm, 75.1 ± 13.8 kg, 33.1 ± 7.4% body fat, 37% women, 34% black) to those that consumed aspirin daily (and not any other COX‐inhibiting drugs) and for at least 1 year (aspirin consumers, n = 515, 74 ± 3 year, 168 ± 9 cm, 76.2 ± 13.6 kg, 33.8 ± 7.1% body fat, 39% women, 30% black, average aspirin consumption: 6 year). Subjects were matched (p > 0.05) based on age, height, weight, % body fat, sex, and race (propensity scores: 0.33 ± 0.09 vs. 0.33 ± 0.09, p > 0.05). There was no difference between non‐consumers and aspirin consumers for computed tomography‐determined muscle size of the quadriceps (103.5 ± 0.9 vs. 104.9 ± 0.8 cm2, p > 0.05) or hamstrings (54.6 ± 0.5 vs. 54.9 ± 0.5 cm2, p > 0.05), or quadriceps muscle strength (111.1 ± 2.0 vs. 111.7 ± 2.0 Nm, p > 0.05). However, muscle attenuation (i.e., density) was higher in the aspirin consumers in the quadriceps (40.9 ± 0.3 vs. 44.4 ± 0.3 Hounsfield unit [HU], p < 0.05) and hamstrings (27.7 ± 0.4 vs. 33.2 ± 0.4 HU, p < 0.05). These cross sectional data suggest that chronic aspirin consumption does not influence age‐related skeletal muscle atrophy, but does influence skeletal muscle composition in septuagenarians. Prospective longitudinal investigations remain necessary to better understand the influence of chronic COX regulation on aging skeletal muscle health.