bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 Response on the HIV Epidemic in Men Who Have Sex With Men in San Francisco County: The Importance of Rapid Return to Normalcy
Authors: Liang Citina , Suen Sze-chuan , Nguyen Anthony , Moucheraud Corrina , Hsu Ling , Holloway Ian W. , Charlebois Edwin D. , Steward Wayne T. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, San Francisco County (SFC) had to shift many nonemergency health care resources to COVID-19, reducing HIV control resources. We sought to quantify COVID-19 effects on HIV burden among men who have sex with men (MSM) as SFC returns to pre-COVID service levels and progresses toward the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) goals.

Setting:
Microsimulation model of MSM in SFC tracking HIV progression and treatment.

Methods:
Scenario analysis where services affected by COVID-19 [testing, care engagement, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, and retention] return to pre-COVID levels by the end of 2022 or 2025, compared against a counterfactual where COVID-19 changes never occurred. We also examined scenarios where resources are prioritized to reach new patients or retain of existing patients from 2023 to 2025 before all services return to pre-COVID levels.

Results:
The annual number of MSM prescribed PrEP, newly acquired HIV, newly diagnosed, and achieving viral load suppression (VLS) rebound quickly after HIV care returns to pre-COVID levels. However, COVID-19 service disruptions result in measurable reductions in cumulative PrEP use, VLS person-years, incidence, and an increase in deaths over the 2020–2035 period. The burden is statistically significantly larger if these effects end in 2025 instead of 2022. Prioritizing HIV care/prevention initiation over retention results in more person-years of PrEP but less VLS person-years and more deaths, influencing EHE PrEP outcomes.

Conclusions:
Earlier HIV care return to pre-COVID levels results in lower cumulative HIV burdens. Resource prioritization decisions may differentially affect different EHE goals.
Dedicated Research Seed Funding to Support High-Priority Clinician-Led Research: A Survey of Clinician-Researchers
Authors: Morassaei Sara , Kahumba Levina B. , Liszewski Brian , Di Prospero Lisa 
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives:
Developing research capacity and supporting research engagement among health professionals are essential parts of bridging the evidence-to-practice gap. The objective of this study was to describe and assess the impact of research seed funding in promoting the engagement of nursing and allied health professionals in leading practice-based research studies within a health care organization.

Methods:
An impact assessment survey was administered to health professional grant recipients (n = 30) to collect self-reported observations of changes related to clinical practice, patient care, and organizational priorities as a result of the funded research projects. The electronic survey was developed in collaboration with an interprofessional advisory committee and contained 23 closed- and open-ended questions. Survey data were analyzed descriptively, and responses to open-ended survey questions were used to characterize the funded research activities and the perceived successes and challenges experienced by the research teams.

Results:
A large proportion of health professional grant recipients reported observing impact from their research studies on clinical practice, organizational priorities, and external networks. The grant funds were used to carry out knowledge dissemination activities such as conference presentations, publications, and sharing findings at professional meetings and networks. The majority of grant expenditures were used for research personnel, and the most common challenge to conducting research was related to the need for protected research time. Most grant recipients were interested in participating in another grant-funded research project in the future.

Conclusion:
Organizational funding and support for research led by health professionals have potential impact on clinical practice, patient care, and organizational priorities. This study provides evidence to support the value of investing in continued and expanded research funding programs for health professionals.
Reducing Unnecessary Complete Blood Count Ordering Through Education and Standardization: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Gujju Veena R. , Khattab Mahmood , Kastens Valerie , Saeed Ghayur , Chen Sixia , Khattab Mohamad 
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives:
The American Board of Internal Medicine's Choosing Wisely campaign recommends against ordering repetitive complete blood counts (CBC) in the face of clinical and laboratory stability.

Methods:
Consecutive patients admitted to a teaching team were included. Intervention 1 was an educational lecture outlining costs of and indications for CBC ordering. Intervention 2 added a simplified algorithm to help providers determine the need for a daily CBC. The primary outcome measure was the number of CBCs ordered per number of patients per day. The secondary outcome measure was net cost saved. The process measures were lecture/poster and algorithm utilization rates. The balancing measure was emergency department visits/readmissions within 7 days of discharge. A statistical process control chart was generated to assess special cause variation. Using R software version 3.5.2, a 2-sample t test and Fisher exact test differences between groups in the outcome and balancing measures.

Results:
One hundred ten patients were included over a 62-day period. The difference between the pre-intervention group and both interventions combined was significant (P = .000317). Special cause variation was observed after institution of both interventions in conjunction. Net costs saved totaled $43 482. Emergency department visits/readmissions within 7 days were similar between the groups (P = .1403).

Conclusions:
Complete blood count ordering patterns and costs were improved through education and providing a decision support tool in the form of a simplified algorithm, without increasing 7-day emergency department visits/readmissions. The algorithm, far less detailed than that previously published, still resulted in significant improvement without unintended consequences, making for a safe and potentially sustainable intervention.
Comparison Between Amide Proton Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using 3-Dimensional Acquisition and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Characterization of Prostate Cancer: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kido Ayumu , Tamada Tsutomu , Ueda Yu , Takeuchi Mitsuru , Kanki Akihiko , Yamamoto Akira 
Published: February 2023

Objective
This study aimed to compare diagnostic performance for tumor detection and for assessment of tumor aggressiveness in prostate cancer (PC) between amide proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3-dimensional acquisition (3DAPT) and diffusion-weighted imaging.

Methods
The subjects were 23 patients with 27 pathologically proven PCs who underwent 3T multiparametric MRI. With reference to the pathology findings, 2 readers in consensus identified the location of PC on multiparametric MRI and measured APT signal intensity (APT SI [%]) and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the benign region and each PC lesion.

Results
The mean ADC showed a significant difference between benign regions and PC lesions (0.74 ± 0.15 vs 1.37 ± 0.21, P < 0.001), whereas APT SI did not (P = 0.091). Lesion APT SI was significantly higher and lesion ADC was significantly lower in PCs with Gleason group (GG) ≥3 than in PCs with GG ≤2 (3.37 ± 1.30 vs 1.78 ± 0.67, P < 0.001, and 0.71 ± 0.18 vs 0.79 ± 0.10, P = 0.038, respectively). The APT SI was significantly higher in GG3 than in GG1, in GG3 than in GG2, and in GG4 than in GG2 (P = 0.009, P = 0.001, and P = 0.006, respectively). The area under the curve for separating tumor lesions and benign regions was 0.601 for 3DAPT and 0.983 for ADC (P < 0.001). The area under the curve for separating tumors with GG ≤2 from tumors with GG ≥3 was 0.912 for 3DAPT and 0.734 for ADC (P = 0.172).

Conclusions
In patients with PC, it might be preferable to use ADC to discriminate benign from malignant tissue and use APT SI for assessment of tumor aggressiveness.
Growth Rates of Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors and Hamartomas
Authors: Ryan James W. , Hammer Mark M. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Pulmonary nodule growth is often measured by volume doubling time (VDT), which may guide management. Most malignant nodules have a VDT of 20 to 400 days, with longer VDTs typically observed in indolent nodules. We assessed the utility of VDT in differentiating pulmonary carcinoids and hamartomas.

Methods
A review was performed from January 2012 to October 2021 to identify patients with pathologic diagnoses and at least 2 chest computed tomography scans obtained 6 or more months apart. Visualization software was used to segment nodules and calculate diameter and volume. Volume doubling time was calculated for scans with 1-mm slices. For the remainder, estimated nodule volume doubling time (eVDT) was calculated using nodule diameter. Volume doubling times/eVDTs were placed into growth categories: less than 400 days; 400–600 days; and more than 600 days.

Results
Sixty nodules were identified, 35 carcinoids and 25 hamartomas. Carcinoids were larger than hamartomas (median diameter, 13.5 vs 11.5 mm; P = 0.05). For carcinoid tumors, median VDT (n = 15) was 1485 days, and median eVDT (n = 32) was 1309 days; for hamartomas, median VDT (n = 8) was 2040 days and median eVDT (n = 25) was 2253 days. Carcinoid tumor eVDT was significantly shorter than hamartomas (P = 0.03). By growth category, 1 of 25 hamartomas and 5 of 35 carcinoids had eVDT less than 400 days and 24 of 25 hamartomas and 27 of 35 carcinoids had eVDT more than 600 days. Of 4 carcinoid tumors with metastases, 2 had eVDT less than 400 days and 2 had eVDT more than 600 days.

Conclusions
Growth rate was not a reliable differentiator of pulmonary hamartomas and carcinoids. Slow growing carcinoids can metastasize. Radiologists should be cautious when discontinuing computed tomography follow-up based on growth rates alone.
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: A Forgotten Diagnosis and a Great Mimicker of Malignancy
Authors: Fouladi Daniel Fadaei , Fishman Elliot K. , Kawamoto Satomi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Radiology errors have been reported in up to 30% of cases when patients have abnormal imaging findings. Although more than half of errors are failures to detect critical findings, over 40% of errors are when findings are recognized but the correct diagnosis or interpretation is not made. One common source of error is when imaging findings from one process simulate imaging findings from another process but the correct diagnosis is not made. This can result in additional imaging studies, unnecessary biopsies, or surgery. Extramedullary hematopoiesis is one of those uncommon disease processes that can produce many imaging findings that may lead to misdiagnosis. The objective of this article is to review the common and uncommon imaging features of extramedullary hematopoiesis while presenting a series of interesting relevant illustrative cases with emphasis on CT.
Cognitive Dysfunction Biomarkers in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sousa Daniela Cabral de , de Almeida Samuel Brito , Roriz Filho Jarbas de Sá , Freitas Thiago Holanda , Braga-Neto Pedro 
Published: February 2023

Background/Objectives
During the last years, a growing number of studies have investigated the link between cognitive dysfunction and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), highlighting the potential pathogenic role of several clinical, psychological, and biological factors. We aimed to investigate serological and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in humans and its association with cognitive dysfunction in patients with RA.

Methods
We performed a systematic review using PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) protocol. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from inception up to November 2021. The inclusion criteria for studies were defined based on the participants involved, type of exposure, type of comparison group, outcome of interest, and study design.

Results
Five original studies were included, which provided data from 428 participants. Among plasma proteins, SHH was increased and TTR was reduced in patients with mild cognitive impairment; anti–myelin basic protein and anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein negatively correlated with memory, executive function, and attention. S100β negatively correlated with memory and executive functions; some lymphocyte subpopulations positively correlated with attention, memory, and executive functions. Interleukin 2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α negatively correlated with memory and positively correlated with executive functions. Interleukin 1β negatively correlated with global cognitive dysfunction and positively correlated with logical thinking. Interleukin 10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor negatively correlated with memory.

Conclusion
Despite the relative scarcity of studies on this subject and the heterogeneity of results, we identified possible biomarkers for cognitive deficits in the RA population. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify these associations and the establishment of possible biomarkers for cognitive deficits in RA.
Hospital Admissions and Mortality in Patients With Anti–Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Sims Catherine , Golenbiewski Jon , Eudy Amanda M. , Allen Nancy B. , Clowse Megan E. B. 
Published: February 2023

Background/Objectives
Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis has reported hospital mortality rates ranging between 10% and 20% with inadequate information regarding causes and outcomes of these hospitalizations. Characterization of outcomes in anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis can improve patient care and prognostication following hospitalization.

Methods
A medical records review of all hospitalizations between October 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, of adults with granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis at a single academic medical center was performed. Chart review confirmed diagnoses in patients identified by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code. Vasculitis activity was determined based on clinical data and treatment during the hospitalization. Differences in outcome measures were analyzed using Fisher exact test, t test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results
Of the 127 hospitalizations among 54 patients, active vasculitis was identified in 43 hospitalizations (33.9%). A total of 15 patients with active disease, including 10 patients with a new diagnosis, required intensive care unit (ICU)–level care. Of 84 hospitalizations when vasculitis was inactive, infection was diagnosed in 31 admissions (36.9%), with inactive disease representing 44% of all ICU admissions. Overall mortality was 7% for hospitalized patients and 15% for those admitted to the ICU. An additional 5 patients died within 28 days of discharge, for an overall mortality rate of 17%. All 4 hospital deaths and 3 of 5 postdischarge deaths were in the setting of known infection.

Conclusion
Most hospitalizations and patient deaths were in the context of inactive vasculitis, with infection being the most common cause. Infection and ICU admission were associated with patient death.
Financial Relationships Between Pharmaceutical Companies and Rheumatologists in Japan Between 2016 and 2019
Authors: Murayama Anju , Mamada Hanano , Shigeta Haruki , Yoshinaga Takamichi , Saito Hiroaki , Yamashita Erika , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Ozaki Akihiko 
Published: February 2023

Backgrounds
Given the increasing number of novel and expensive drugs for rheumatoid diseases, the financial relationships between pharmaceutical companies and rheumatologists could be prevalent and substantial. However, little was known about the information in Japan.

Methods
Using payment data publicly disclosed by 92 major pharmaceutical companies, we evaluated the financial relationships between pharmaceutical companies and rheumatologists who were board certified by the Japan College of Rheumatology between 2016 and 2019. The trends in payments were estimated by the generalized estimating equations with 4-year payment data. Differences in payments between general and leading rheumatologists including the board members, clinical practice guideline authors, and medical journal editors were assessed.

Results
Of the board-certified rheumatologists, 70.7% (3563 of 5038) received a total of $55,246,485 in personal payments for lecturing, writing, and consulting from 79 pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. The median payments per rheumatologist receiving payments were $3447 (interquartile range, $1124–$11,974) in payment amounts. There were increasing trends in the payments per rheumatologist and the number of rheumatologists with payments, with average yearly change rates of 5.9% (95% confidence interval, 3.9%–7.9%; p < 0.001) and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.3%–2.0%; p = 0.008). The leading rheumatologists such as the society board members, clinical practice guideline authors, and medical journal editors received much more payments than other rheumatologists.

Conclusion
Most rheumatologists increasingly received personal payments for lecturing, consulting, and writing reimbursements from pharmaceutical companies in Japan. These payments were significantly concentrated on rheumatologists in authoritative and influential positions.
Late Pseudoprogression
Authors: Li Ling , Tian Yueli , He Yong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recognition of pseudoprogression in malignant glioma is one of the major challenges in the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Somatostatin receptors were overexpressed on the surface of the most high-grade glioma. The corresponding PET imaging is used for planning radiation and radionuclide therapy. However, the heterogeneity of somatostatin receptors distribution is mainly responsible for the lack of specificity. Here we reported a case of a 35-year-old man with mesenchymal oligodendroglioma operation and radiotherapy 19 months ago. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET showed intense uptake near the operation region, which has been misinterpreted as tumor recurrence.
Retroperitoneal Inflammation Detected on FDG PET/CT in Patient on Long-Term Immunotherapy
Authors: Khessib Tasnim , Franc Benjamin , Yang Eric , Moradi Farshad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 68-year-old man with a history of pulmonary adenocarcinoma on maintenance pembrolizumab presented for surveillance imaging. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated new ill-defined right retroperitoneal and presacral soft tissue stranding with associated FDG uptake suggestive of inflammation. Biopsy results revealed fibroadipose tissue with extensive lymphoplasmacytic inflammation concerning for immunotherapy-related toxicity. The patient was subsequently taken off pembrolizumab, which he had been on for approximately 3 years. Recognition of immunotherapy-related adverse effects and how they can manifest on 18F-FDG PET/CT is important for prompt cessation of treatment.
Dual-Time-Point 18F-FDG PET/CT for Differentiating a Chest Wall Hemangioma From a Malignant Metastasis
Authors: Lu Hsi-Huei , Chiu Nan-Tsing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDual-time-point18F-flluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) can be used to differentiate benign vascular tumors from other malignant growths. We present the case of a 70-year-old woman with a history of cervical carcinoma who was referred for PET/CT to examine a left chest wall tumor noted on CT, which involved the adjacent rib and pleura, thus raising the suspicion of metastasis. The chest wall tumor demonstrated moderate FDG uptake and further decreased uptake at the delayed-phase scanning, corresponding to biodistribution of FDG in the blood pool. These findings indicated a benign hemangioma rather than a metastasis.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT In Primary Signet Ring–Like Cell Carcinoma of Prostate With Bone Metastases
Authors: Tatar Gamze , Baykal Koca Sevim , Sevindir İsa , Ergül Nurhan , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We presented a 69-year-old man with liver cirrhosis who underwent 68Ga–fibroblast activation protein (FAPI)-04 PET/CT imaging for an ongoing study. In addition to the significant activity in liver cirrhosis on FAPI PET, a primary prostate tumor was incidentally detected with bone metastases. Further, FAPI-negative metastases were not observed on CT evaluation. In this context, we think that FAPI may be helpful with the potential theranostic aspect, especially in selected patients when current treatment options are not applicable or unresponsive. However, we should await the results of prospective studies investigating both prognostic and theranostic use of FAPI and demonstrating its effectiveness in cancer therapy.
A Case of Metastatic Thymoma Responsive to Treatment With 177Lu-DOTATATE
Authors: Halperin Reut , Urban Damien , Tirosh Amit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We describe a case of a 74-year-old woman with germline BRCA2 mutation, with an incidental diagnosis of metastatic thymoma presenting as a mediastinal mass with cardiac muscle and lymph node involvement. Despite surgical and radiotherapy treatment, there was marked advancement with new lung and liver metastases. All lesions demonstrated 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT uptake, and the patient received 4 peptide receptor radionuclide therapy cycles with 177Lu-DOTATATE, with pronounced reduction in the size of the liver, cardiac, and pleural lesions. This is the first case to demonstrate partial response to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in metastatic thymoma, thus suggesting possible treatment option to refractory and advancing metastatic thymoma.
Hepatic Small Vessel Neoplasm Mimics Prostate Cancer on 18F-DCFPyl PET/CT
Authors: Spinali Keith L. , Papke David J. , Shah Hina J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

18F-DCFPyl is a Food and Drug Administration–approved radiotracer that targets prostate-specific membrane antigen and is used in the detection of recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer. As its use has increased, a growing number of nonprostatic disease entities have been identified that express prostate-specific membrane antigen and can mimic prostate cancer. Thus, the interpreting physician must also consider other variables such as serum prostate-specific antigen levels and the distribution of uptake to avoid an inappropriate diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer. We describe 18F-DCFPyl uptake associated with a hepatic small vessel neoplasm, an association previously undescribed in the literature.
A Discordant Pattern of Uptake on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Versus 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT in Radiation-Induced Hepatitis
Authors: Adediran Omotayo A. , Lawal Ismaheel O. , Muzahir Saima , Bhave Manali A. , Friend Sarah , Fielder Bridget , Meisel Jane , Torres Mylin A. , Styblo Toncred M. , Graham Cathy , Holbrook Anna , Kalinsky Kevin , Crowe Ronald J. , Ulaner Gary A. , Schuster David M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 62-year-old woman with right-sided invasive lobular breast carcinoma completed external beam radiotherapy 6 weeks before undergoing a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT scan as part of an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04750473) assessing the performance of these molecular imaging modalities in invasive lobular breast carcinoma. The 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT demonstrated a band-like area of increased radiotracer uptake in the dome of the right lobe of the liver anteriorly, whereas 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT done a day later revealed photopenia in the corresponding area of the liver. The external beam radiotherapy plan confirmed that the radiotherapy field overlaid the region of the hepatic discordant radiotracer uptake on the PET/CT scans.