bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating anomalous electricity consumption in smart cities using an AI‐based stacked‐generalization technique
Authors: Ali Arshid , Khan Laiq , Javaid Nadeem , Bouk Safdar Hussain , Aldegheishem Abdulaziz , Alrajeh Nabil 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnergy management and efficient asset utilization play an important role in the economic development of a country. The electricity produced at the power station faces two types of losses from the generation point to the end user. These losses are technical losses (TL) and non‐technical losses (NTL). TLs occurs due to the use of inefficient equipment. While NTLs occur due to the anomalous consumption of electricity by the customers, which happens in many ways; energy theft being one of them. Energy theft majorly happens to cut down on the electricity bills. These losses in the smart grid (SG) are the main issue in maintaining grid stability and cause revenue loss to the utility. The automatic metering infrastructure (AMI) system has reduced grid instability but it has opened up new ways for NTLs in the form of different cyber‐physical theft attacks (CPTA). Machine learning (ML) techniques can be used to detect and minimize CPTA. However, they have certain limitations and cannot capture the energy consumption patterns (ECPs) of all the users, which decreases the performance of ML techniques in detecting malicious users. In this paper, we propose a novel ML‐based stacked generalization method for the cyber‐physical theft issue in the smart grid. The original data obtained from the grid is preprocessed to improve model training and processing. This includes NaN‐imputation, normalization, outliers' capping, support vector machine‐synthetic minority oversampling technique (SVM‐SMOTE) balancing, and principal component analysis (PCA) based data reduction techniques. The pre‐processed dataset is provided to the ML models light gradient boosting (LGB), extra trees (ET), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and random forest (RF), to accurately capture all consumers' overall ECP. The predictions from these base models are fed to a meta‐classifier multi‐layer perceptron (MLP). The MLP combines the learning capability of all the base models and gives an improved final prediction. The proposed structure is implemented and verified on the publicly available real‐time large dataset of the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC). The proposed model outperformed the individual base classifiers and the existing research in terms of CPTA detection with false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), F1‐score, and accuracy values of 0.72%, 2.05%, 97.6%, and 97.69%, respectively.
Circular RNA circADAM9 Promotes Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and
Fibrosis of Human Mesangial Cells via the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway in Diabetic
Nephropathy
Authors: Zheng Hongwei , Liu Xuezheng , Song Bing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered as potential
biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the potential roles of
circADAM9 in high glucose (HG)-induced cell injury of human mesangial cells
(HMCs) were investigated, and the underlying mechanism was elucidated.
Methods DN cell model in vitro was simulated by HG treatment of
HMCs. Endogenous expressions of circADAM9, miR-545-3p, and ubiquitin-specific
protease 15 (USP15) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell
proliferation and migration were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and wound
healing assays. The inflammatory response was assessed by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. Oxidative stress was examined using commercially available
kits. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were conducted to
confirm the interaction among circADAM9, miR-545-3p, and USP15.
Results CircADAM9 was upregulated in DN samples and HG-treated HMCs, while
its downregulation inhibited cell proliferation, inflammation, fibrosis, and
oxidative stress. Further investigation revealed that circADAM9 exerted this
influence by targeting the miR-545-3p/USP15 axis, thereby regulating the
KELCH-like ECh-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2 related
factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) pathway. MiR-545-3p knockdown or USP15
overexpression reversed the effect of circADAM9 silencing in HG-induced
HMCs.
Conclusion These results indicate that the
circADAM9/miR-545-3p/USP15/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling
axis is critical for HG-induced cell injury in HMCs and might represent a novel
therapeutic target for DN treatment.
Minced Free Fat Graft Versus Pedicle Fat Flap to Efface Orbital Rim Hollow in Lower Blepharoplasty
Authors: Karimi Nasser , Kashkouli Mohsen Bahmani , Enayatollahi Shayesteh , Ghahvehchian Hossein , Abdolalizadeh Parya , Ramadan Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Lower eyelid fat flap repositioning during transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty (TCLB) is a widely accepted technique for preventing postoperative tear trough deformity. Its drawbacks include retraction, limited volume, transcutaneous fixation, and a complex insertion technique. The minced lower eyelid fat graft was introduced to overcome these drawbacks.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of preperiosteal pedicle fat flaps with minced free fat graft in TCLB.

Methods
Participants who underwent the pedicle fat flap procedure from April 2019 to April 2020 (Group A) and the minced free fat graft from May 2020 to May 2021 (Group B) with at least 6 months of follow-up were included. Subjective (pain, infraorbital numbness) and objective (chemosis, residual skin wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, tear trough deformity, bumps) postoperative outcomes, satisfaction (visual analogue scale score) at the last follow-up, and reoperation rates were compared.

Results
There were 142 participants (94% females) with a mean age of 48.4 years (range: 21-71) and a follow-up of 8.2 months (range: 6-36). There were 73 participants in Group A and 69 in Group B, with no significant differences in age (P = .6), sex (P = .7), or follow-up (P = .3). In addition to TCLB, Groups A and B had simultaneous upper eyelid and eyebrow procedures (53% vs 49%, P = .2), lateral canthal plication (77% vs 83%, P = .4), and pinch skin excision (82% vs 88%, P = .3). Groups A and B did not have significant differences in postoperative numbness (6.8% vs 1.4%, P = .2), chemosis (11% vs 10%, P = 1), skin wrinkles (12.3% vs 8.7%, P = .6), hyperpigmentation (1.4% in both groups), bumps (2.7% vs 7.2%, P = .3), tear trough deformity (0.0% in both groups), satisfaction score (97.7% vs 98.1%, P = .4), or reoperation rate (12.3% vs 5.8%, P = .2).

Conclusions
The desired aim of fat redistribution in TCLB seems to be equally achievable with minced fat graft and pedicle fat flap techniques.

Level of Evidence: 4
Stem Profile Patterns ofPinus nigraandPinus sylvestrisGrowing in Mixed Stands
Authors: Özçelik Ramazan , Poudel Krishna P , Crecente-Campo Felipe , Kaya Bora , Alkan Onur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTaper equations provide one of the most successful approaches of calculating tree volume to specified top diameters from standing tree measurements. This study assessed the stem profile patterns of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees growing in mixed stands in northwestern Türkiye using a segmented polynomial taper equation. Models were fitted with the continuous second-order autoregressive structure to correct for the autocorrelation. The models fit the data well, describing more than 99%, 98%, and 97% of variation in diameter, merchantable volume, and total stem volume, respectively. However, the prediction errors were slightly larger for black pine than for Scots pine. Results also revealed that the model coefficients for these species were significantly different. Models developed in this study should provide more accurate upper stem diameter and volume estimates when the objective is to estimate such attributes for black pine and Scots pine growing in the mixed stands.Study Implications: Estimates of total and merchantable tree volume in a stand are essential for forest management and planning. Taper models are one of the most accurate approaches to estimating upper stem diameters and volume to any merchantability limit. There has been an increasing interest in managing mixed-species stands but limited work has been done on taper equations for trees growing in mixed stands. This study assessed the stem profile patterns of black pine and Scots pine trees growing in mixed-species stands in northwestern Türkiye. As has been reported for pure stands, species-specific taper equations were more accurate upper stem diameter and volume estimations in mixed-species stands. The developed taper models should play an important role in planning and inventorying mixed Black pine and Scots pine stands in Türkiye.
Identification of an ADAMTS2 frameshift variant in a cat family with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Simon Rebecca , Kiener Sarah , Thom Nina , Schäfer Laura , Müller Janina , Schlohsarczyk Elfi K , Gärtner Ulrich , Herden Christiane , Leeb Tosso , Lühken Gesine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigated 4 European domestic shorthair kittens with skin lesions consistent with the dermatosparaxis type of the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, a connective tissue disorder. The kittens were sired by the same tomcat but were born by 3 different mothers. The kittens had easily torn skin resulting in nonhealing skin wounds. Both clinically and histologically, the skin showed thin epidermis in addition to inflammatory changes. Changes in collagen fibers were visible in electron micrographs. The complete genome of an affected kitten was sequenced. A one base pair duplication leading to a frameshift in the candidate gene ADAMTS2 was identified, p.(Ser235fs*3). All 4 affected cats carried the frameshift duplication in a homozygous state. Genotypes at this variant showed perfect cosegregation with the autosomal recessive Ehlers–Danlos syndrome phenotype in the available family. The mutant allele did not occur in 48 unrelated control cats. ADAMTS2 loss-of-function variants cause autosomal recessive forms of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in humans, mice, dogs, cattle, and sheep. The available evidence from our investigation together with the functional knowledge on ADAMTS2 in other species allows to classify the identified ADAMTS2 variant as pathogenic and most likely causative variant for the observed Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.
Benefits and Drawbacks of Trait Competitiveness
Authors: Parks Craig D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
While evolutionary theory predicts that everyone has some degree of competitive inclination, there is ample evidence that, all else being equal, some people are just simply more highly competitive than others. High competitiveness is colloquially seen as a valuable trait for tasks such as sales, athletic performance, and entrepreneurship, as is low competitiveness for situations which require, or will benefit from, interpersonal or intergroup collaboration. However, the research on trait competitiveness suggests a more complex relationship between one’s level of the trait and actual performance than is often assumed. This chapter will review this research, along with the challenges associated with the measurement of competitiveness, the development of competitiveness in children, and cultural differences in trait competitiveness. The chapter will also examine the contribution of competitive inflexibility to a variety of social challenges.
Notes from the Anatolian underground: two new mole taxa from Eastern Turkey, together with a revised phylogeny of the genus Talpa (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)
Authors: Gündüz İslam , Demirtaş Sadık , Silsüpür Metin , Özmen Medine , Polly P David , Bilton David T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Subterranean life is associated with strong adaptive constraints, leading to the frequent occurrence of morphologically cryptic lineages. This is true of most small mammals, including moles (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae), where a number of species have been recognized recently, particularly following the application of molecular genetics. Here, we use mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data and geometric morphometrics to explore the systematics and evolution of some of the least-known Western Palaearctic moles: the Talpa davidiana group of Eastern Anatolia/Iran. We show that T. davidiana includes four taxa, two of which we describe herein: T. hakkariensissp. nov.,T. davidiana davidiana, T. davidiana tatvanensisssp. nov., and T. streetorumvalid species. For the first time, we apply molecular species delimitation analyses to Talpa, confirming taxonomic hypotheses and suggesting the existence of further morphologically cryptic lineages. These analyses also support the recognition of T. transcaucasica as a valid species distinct from T. levantis. We present a revised phylogeny for Eurasian Talpa and increase the number of known extant taxa to 18, most of which are found in Anatolia, the global hotspot of diversity in this genus. This probably results from the isolation of suitable habitats by a combination of climatic and topographical heterogeneity.
Pleiotrophin ameliorates white matter injury of neonatal rats by activating the mTOR/YY1/Id4 signaling pathway
Authors: Qiu Xia , Zhou Ruixi , Su Xiaojuan , Ying Junjie , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrain white matter injury (WMI) is a serious disease of the central nervous system. Pleiotrophin (PTN) promotes the differentiation and myelination of oligodendrocytes (OLs) in vitro. However, the role of PTN in WMI remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role and potential mechanisms of PTN function in neonatal rats with WMI. The PTN and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus was used to treat a WMI model in postnatal day 3 Sprague–Dawley rats, in which the right common carotid arteries of these rats were isolated, ligated, and exposed to a hypoxic environment (6% O2 + 94% N2) for 2 h. OL differentiation and myelination, as well as the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats were evaluated to examine the effects of PTN. Two proteins of the mTOR signaling pathway, YingYang1 (YY1) and inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (Id4), were detected and were used to explore the potential mechanisms of PTN in rat WMI experiment and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model. We found that the differentiation and myelination of OLs were impaired after WMI. PTN administration rescued this injury by activating mTOR/YY1 and inhibiting Id4. Everolimus administration inhibited mTOR/YY1 and activated Id4, which blocked the neuroprotective role of PTN in WMI. PTN plays a neuroprotective role in neonatal rats with WMI, which could be involved in the mTOR/YY1/Id4 signaling pathway.
Unique Immune Blood Markers Between Severe Dengue and Sepsis in Children
Authors: Salgado Doris M. , Rivera Gina M. , Pinto William A. , Rodríguez Jairo , Acosta Gladys , Castañeda Diana M. , Vega Rocío , Perdomo-Celis Federico , Bosch Irene , Narváez Carlos F. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Pediatric dengue and sepsis share clinical and pathophysiologic aspects. Multiple inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, decoy receptors and vascular permeability factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both diseases. The differential pattern and dynamic of these soluble factors, and the relationship with clinical severity between pediatric dengue and sepsis could offer new diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

Methods:
We evaluated the concentration levels of 11 soluble factors with proinflammatory, regulatory and vascular permeability involvement, in plasma from children with dengue or sepsis, both clinically ranging from mild to severe, in the early, late and convalescence phases of the disease.

Results:
During early acute infection, children with sepsis exhibited specific higher concentration levels of IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and its soluble decoy receptor II (sVEGFR2) and lower concentration levels of IL-10 and the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), in comparison with children with severe dengue. In addition, the circulating amounts of soluble ST2, and VEGF/sVEGFR2 were widely associated with clinical and laboratory indicators of dengue severity, whereas secondary dengue virus infections were characterized by an enhanced cytokine response, relative to primary infections. In severe forms of dengue, or sepsis, the kinetics and the cytokines response during the late and convalescence phases of the disease also differentiate.

Conclusions:
Dengue virus infection and septic processes in children are characterized by cytokine responses of a specific magnitude, pattern and kinetics, which are implicated in the pathophysiology and clinical outcome of these diseases.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Nguyen Yen , Russell Nancy G. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are commonly seen in clinical practice. Almost every person living with HIV (PLWH) will present with a dermatological complaint at some point during their care. Compared with people living without HIV, PLWHs have a greater likelihood of skin eruptions because of dysregulation of the skin immune system or drug reactions. This article reviews the most common dermatological conditions in PLWHs, as well as how they typically present in clinical practice, and discusses current evidence for treatment.
Design, Implementation, and Usability Evaluation of the Iranian Primary Vitiligo Patient Registry
Authors: Arabkermani Zahra , Sharifian Roxana , Aryanian Zeinab , Bastani Peivand , Esmaeli Nafiseh , Bashiri Azadeh , Sheikhtaheri Abbas 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder, which is usually progressive and irreversible if left untreated. Structured databases such as registries are required to continuously collect standard data about patients with the same disease.

Objectives
This study aimed to design and implement a vitiligo registry and evaluate its usability in Iran.

Methodology
This research was conducted in four stages: determining the minimum data set required for the registry, creating a conceptual model using unified modeling language diagrams and Sparx Enterprise Architect software, implementing the registry in the PhpStorm programming environment, and evaluating the software usability based on the responses of 17 end users to a questionnaire.

Results
The required data items, consisting of 127 items in eight categories, were approved by the experts and used to design the vitiligo registry. Then, the software was designed and implemented. In the assessment stage, the software received a 89.5% approval rate from its users.

Conclusion
Developing a vitiligo registry with high usability as well as making decisions based on the registry data can improve understanding of the disease and facilitate research in this field. As a result, high-quality services could be provided to patients nationwide.
Immune boosting bridges leaky and polarized vaccination models
Authors: Park Sang Woo , Li Michael , E. Metcalf C. Jessica , Grenfell Bryan T. , Dushoff Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo different epidemiological models of vaccination are commonly used in dynamical modeling studies. The leaky vaccination model assumes that all vaccinated individuals experience a reduced force of infection by the same amount. The polarized vaccination model assumes that some fraction of vaccinated individuals are completely protected, while the remaining fraction remains completely susceptible; this seemingly extreme assumption causes the polarized model to always predict lower final epidemic size than the leaky model under the same vaccine efficacy. However, the leaky model also makes an implicit, unrealistic assumption: vaccinated individuals who are exposed to infection but not infected remain just as susceptible as they were prior to exposures (i.e., independent of previous exposures). To resolve the independence assumption, we introduce an immune boosting mechanism, through which vaccinated, yet susceptible, individuals can gain protection without developing a transmissible infection. The boosting model further predicts identical epidemic dynamics as the polarized vaccination model, thereby bridging the differences between two models. We further develop a generalized vaccination model to explore how the assumptions of immunity affect epidemic dynamics and estimates of vaccine effectiveness.Significance statementDifferent assumptions about the long- and medium-term effects of protective vaccination can predict sharply different epidemiological dynamics. However, there has been limited discussion about which assumptions are more realistic and therefore more appropriate for making public health decisions. Here, we show that the differences between the two most common assumptions (the “leaky” and “polarized” vaccination models) are bridged by immune boosting, a mechanism by which individuals who resist infectious challenge due to partial immunity have their immunity increased. We demonstrate that this mechanism has important implications for measuring vaccine effectiveness. Our study challenges fundamental assumptions about commonly used vaccination models and provides a novel framework for understanding the epidemiological impact of vaccination.
Biosensor-Assisted Laboratory Evolution of Malonyl-CoA production inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ferreira Raphael , Hedin Karl Alex , Nielsen Jens , David Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe production of bio-based chemicals and fuels through microbial engineering offers a promising and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based fuels and chemicals, with the potential for scalability. However, engineering microbes and continuously evolving them to enhance the production of industrially relevant products is a complex and challenging task, requiring precise selection of genetic traits to achieve desired outcomes. In this study, we report the development of a novel counter-selectable growth-sensitive malonyl-CoA platform strain by coupling the malonyl-CoA repressor FapR fromBacillus subtilisto essential gene promoters involved in glucose growth and the plasma membrane arginine permease. This platform strain was then coupled with a CRISPR-dCas9 guide-RNA (gRNA) library, which after multiple rounds of dilutions and library sequencing, resulted in the enrichment for gRNAs that increased fluxes towards malonyl-CoA. The enriched gRNAs were validated for their effects on growth enhancement, gene regulation, and the production of an industrially relevant malonyl-CoA product, namely 3-hydroxypropionic acid. This study highlights an innovative approach to microbial engineering and opens up avenues for further exploration in the field of laboratory continuous evolution.