bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation of age and extension length in DeBakey type I aortic dissection: are older patients over 70 years at a lower risk?
Authors: Merkle-Storms Julia , Gaisendrees Christopher , Feisst Manuel , Rylski Bartosz , Dohle Daniel-Sebastian , Hagl Christian , Lescan Mario , Brickwede Jens , Poeling Jochen , Holubec Tomas , Etz Christian D , Jawny Philipp , Noack Thilo , Arif Rawa , Wahlers Thorsten , Boening Andreas , Luehr Maximilian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Age-related atherosclerosis has been shown to cause aortic stiffness and wall rigidification. This analysis aimed to correlate age and dissection extension length in a large contemporary multicentre study. We hypothesize that younger patients suffer more extensive DeBakey type I dissection due to aortic wall integrity, allowing unhindered extension within the layers.

METHODS
The perioperative data of 3385 patients from the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A were retrospectively analyzed with regard to postoperative outcomes and dissection extension. Patients with DeBakey type I aortic dissection (n = 2510) were retrospectively identified and divided into 2 age groups for comparison: ≤69 years (n = 1741) and ≥70 years (n = 769). Patients with DeBakey type II dissection or connective tissue disease were excluded from the analysis.

RESULTS
In younger patients (≤69 years), aortic dissection involved the supra-aortic vessels significantly more often (52.0% vs 40.1%; P &lt; 0.001) and extended significantly further downstream the aorta: descending aorta (68.4% vs 57.1%; P &lt; 0.001), abdominal aorta (54.6% vs 42.1%; P &lt; 0.001) and iliac bifurcation (36.6% vs 26.0%; P &lt; 0.001). Consequently, younger patients also presented with significantly higher incidences of preoperative cerebral (P &lt; 0.001), spinal (P &lt; 0.001), visceral (P &lt; 0.001), renal (P = 0.013) and peripheral (P &lt; 0.001) malperfusion. In older patients (≥70 years), dissection extent was significantly more often limited to the level of the aortic arch (40.9% vs 29.2%; P &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was found with regard to 30-day mortality (20.7% vs 23.6%; P = 0.114).

CONCLUSIONS
Extensive DeBakey type I aortic dissection is less frequent in older patients ≥70 years than in younger patients. In contrast, younger patients suffer more often from preoperative organ malperfusion and associated complications. Postoperative mortality remains high irrespective of age groups.
On some problems of using the Human Development Index in economic history
Authors: Amendola Nicola , Gabbuti Giacomo , Vecchi Giovanni 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper provides a theoretical framework that shows that the Human Development Index (HDI) is equivalent to a paternalistic social welfare function: this implies that all alternative HDI formulas used by economic historians merely represent their ethical systems. The problem is neither the choice of the dimensions included in the HDI nor the weighting scheme but the lack of consistency with standard economic theory. A key consequence is that with HDI, “anything goes”: using Italy 1861–2016 as a case study, we show how, given the same dataset, the interpretation of Italy’s performance is entirely driven by the analyst’s preferences.
The Impact of Modern Admixture on Archaic Human Ancestry in Human Populations
Authors: Witt Kelsey E , Funk Alyssa , Añorve-Garibay Valeria , Fang Lesly Lopez , Huerta-Sánchez Emilia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Admixture, the genetic merging of parental populations resulting in mixed ancestry, has occurred frequently throughout the course of human history. Numerous admixture events have occurred between human populations across the world, which have shaped genetic ancestry in modern humans. For example, populations in the Americas are often mosaics of different ancestries due to recent admixture events as part of European colonization. Admixed individuals also often have introgressed DNA from Neanderthals and Denisovans that may have come from multiple ancestral populations, which may affect how archaic ancestry is distributed across an admixed genome. In this study, we analyzed admixed populations from the Americas to assess whether the proportion and location of admixed segments due to recent admixture impact an individual's archaic ancestry. We identified a positive correlation between non-African ancestry and archaic alleles, as well as a slight increase of Denisovan alleles in Indigenous American segments relative to European segments in admixed genomes. We also identify several genes as candidates for adaptive introgression, based on archaic alleles present at high frequency in admixed American populations but low frequency in East Asian populations. These results provide insights into how recent admixture events between modern humans redistributed archaic ancestry in admixed genomes.
Soluble NS1 Antagonizes IgG- and IgA- Mediated Monocytic Phagocytosis of DENV Infected Cells
Authors: Waldran Mitchell J , Wegman Adam D , Bahr Lauren E , Roy Nathan H , Currier Jeffrey R , Waickman Adam T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in &gt;100 countries, infecting an estimated 400 million individuals every year. Infection with DENV raises an antibody response primarily targeting viral structural proteins. However, DENV encodes several immunogenic nonstructural (NS) proteins, one of which, NS1, is expressed on the membrane of DENV-infected cells. IgG and IgA isotype antibodies that bind NS1 are abundant in serum following DENV infection. Our study aimed to determine if NS1-binding IgG and IgA isotype antibodies contribute to the clearance of DENV-infected cells by antibody-mediated cellular phagocytosis. We observed that both IgG and IgA isotype antibodies can facilitate monocytic uptake of DENV NS1-expressing cells in an FcγRI- and FcαRI-dependent fashion. Interestingly, this process was antagonized by the presence of soluble NS1, suggesting that the production of soluble NS1 by infected cells may serve as immunological chaff, antagonizing opsonization and clearance of DENV-infected cells.
Utility and Recommendations for the Use of Multiplex Molecular Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panels
Authors: Hata D Jane , Powell Eleanor A , Starolis Meghan W 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Many molecular gastrointestinal pathogen panels (GIPs) are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared but it is still unclear how to best utilize these new diagnostic tools. GIPs are highly sensitive and specific, simultaneously detect multiple pathogens in one reaction, and can shorten the overall time of diagnosis for infectious gastroenteritis but are also expensive with relatively poor insurance reimbursement.

Content
In this review, we take a comprehensive approach to discuss issues with utilization of GIPs from a physician perspective, and implementation from a laboratory perspective. The information presented is to assist physicians in deciding on appropriate use of GIPs in diagnostic algorithms for their patients, and to provide information to laboratories that may be considering the addition of these powerful diagnostic assays to their test menu. Some of the important topics discussed are inpatient vs outpatient use, the appropriate panel size and organisms to include, interpretation of results, laboratory validation, and reimbursement.

Summary
The information in this review provides clear guidance to both clinicians and laboratories in deciding the best use of GIPs for a specific patient population. While this technology provides many benefits over traditional methods, it can also complicate result interpretation and comes with a high cost, which necessitates the need for use recommendations.
Linoleic acid ameliorates intestinal mucosal barrier injury in early weaned pigeon squabs (Columba livia)
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Zhao Jin , Jian Huafeng , Ye Jiangcheng , Gong Mingxiu , Zou Xiaoting , Dong Xinyang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate whether linoleic acid could improve the intestinal barrier function of squabs under weaning stress conditions. Totally 320 7-d-old weaned squabs were randomly divided into four treatment groups, including control group (CON), 0.7% linoleic acid addition group (LA007), 1.4% linoleic acid addition group (LA014) and 2.1% linoleic acid addition group (LA021). At 21 d, eight squabs were randomly selected from each treatment group for sampling and determination. The results showed that adding linoleic acid could improve (P &lt; 0.05) the body weight of weaned squabs, and LA014 had the best effect. With the increase of linoleic acid dosage, villi height and villi area increased linearly or quadratically (P &lt; 0.05), and reached the maximum in LA021 or LA014, respectively. The linoleic acid supplementation could improve the intestinal tight junction of weaned squabs, and the LA014 was the most significant (P &lt; 0.05). With the linoleic acid increasing, the levels of intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05), while intestinal IL-10 increased quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) and reached the maximum in LA014. Serum endotoxin and diamine oxidase levels decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) and reached the lowest level in LA014. The ultrastructure of villi revealed that the length of ileal microvilli in LA014 was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) and the microvilli became dense, and the mitochondria in epithelial cells returned to normal state. Further exploring the mechanism of linoleic acid alleviating intestinal injury caused by weaning stress in squabs, it was found that linoleic acid down-regulated (P &lt; 0.05) the relative protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, phosphorylated JNK, and phosphorylated p38, reducing secretion of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. This study indicated that linoleic acid could alleviate intestinal barrier injury of early weaned squabs by down-regulating TLR4-MyD88-JNK/p38-IL6/TNF-α pathway.
Hydrogeological spatial modelling: A comparison between frequentist and Bayesian statistics
Authors: Romero Jason M , Salazar Daniel C , Melo Carlos E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Traditional and modern spatial prediction techniques are applied in the analysis of water quality, evidencing a new approach that allows the modeling of a hydrogeological system in the central area of Boyacá, Colombia. The objective is to determine the quality status of groundwater for human consumption. In the process, spatial predictions were made based on frequentist methods (kriging, cokriging) and Bayesian methods (R-INLA stochastic partial differential equation) as an alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo methods that require a large computational cost. From the application of these methods, a comparison is made by statistical tests that determine the goodness of adjustment of the predictions. Our interest here is in the implementation of future more robust, economic and scientific solutions, particularly for hydrogeological data, and the proper management of water resources. Finally, the vulnerability of aquifers is analyzed with the DRASTIC method, which takes into account the surrounding media of the aquifers through the variables depth (D), net recharge (R), type of aquifer (A), soil (S), topography (T), impact of the vadose zone (I) and hydraulic conductivity (C).
Feasibility and acceptability of an online intervention to enhance hopefulness among oncology professionals
Authors: Corn Benjamin W , Feldman David B , Subbiah Ishwaria M , Corn Phyllis D , Bakitas Marie A , Krouse Robert S , Hudson Matthew F , Fowler Lauren A , Fraser Valerie , Siegal Carole , Agarwal Rajiv , Ge Jacqueline L , Parajuli Jyotsana , Myers Jamie S , O’Rourke Mark A 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients prefer medical communication including both hopefulness and realism, though health-care professional (HCPs) struggle to balance these. Providers could thus benefit from a detailed personal understanding of hope, allowing them to model and convey it to patients. Additionally, given that hope is associated with lower levels of burnout, HCPs may benefit from tools designed to enhance their own personal hopefulness. Several investigators have proposed offering HCPs interventions to augment hope. We developed an online workshop for this purpose.MethodsFeasibility and acceptability of the workshop were assessed in members of the SWOG Cancer Research Network. Three measures were used: the Was-It-Worth-It scale, a survey based on the Kirkpatrick Training Evaluation Model, and a single item prompting participants to rate the degree to which they believe concepts from the workshop should be integrated into SWOG studies.ResultsTwenty-nine individuals signed up for the intervention, which consisted of a single 2-hour session, and 23 completed measures. Results from Was-It-Worth-It items indicate that nearly all participants found the intervention relevant, engaging, and helpful. Mean ratings for Kirkpatrick Training Evaluation Model items were high, ranging from 6.91 to 7.70 on 8-point scales. Finally, participants provided a mean rating of 4.44 on a 5-point scale to the item “To what degree do you believe it may be useful to integrate concepts from this workshop into SWOG trials/studies?”ConclusionsAn online workshop to enhance hopefulness is feasible and acceptable to oncology HCPs. The tool will be integrated into SWOG studies evaluating provider and patient well-being.
The centrality of education
Authors: Kitcher Philip 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article is intended as a precis of The Main Enterprise of the World and hopes to orient those who have not read it to the symposium discussion that follows. It outlines my own version of a radical rethinking of education. Instead of holding that educational systems should be shaped so as to satisfy socio-economic constraints, interpreted narrowly in recent decades to emphasize the preparation of the young to compete in the global economy, it proposes to view education as ‘the main enterprise of the world’ (in Emerson's resonant phrase). I attempt to harmonize three important educational goals: equipping people to maintain themselves; providing the opportunity for fulfilling lives; and creating citizens who can live and work together to sustain democratic societies. The notion of fulfillment is elaborated by following J. S. Mill in emphasizing individual freedom to ‘pursue one's own good in one's own way’, and requiring the chosen project to contribute to a transhistorical pan-human enterprise. This requires a serious probing of the concept of autonomy. I argue that the reworked notion is closely linked to capacities for democratic deliberation, and, like Dewey, I view regular exchanges among citizens as crucial for genuine democracy. In light of these perspectives, shifts in the labor market, brought about by increasing automation, provide the opportunity for people to undertake rewarding (and properly respected) service work, participating throughout their lives in the education of others. The resulting position has curricular consequences, and these in turn require social and economic changes. I conclude by defending the approach I have sketched against charges of utopianism.
Continuing the conversation
Authors: Kitcher Philip 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTI offer some responses to the principal points raised by Ben Kotzee, Alexis Gibbs, Sheron Fraser-Burgess, and Nigel Tubbs in their commentaries on my book, The Main Enterprise of the World: Rethinking Education (MEW), and to John White's penetrating and constructive review (the four commentaries and White's review all appear in this issue). In reply to Kotzee's challenge, I argue that MEW supports an improved approach to specialized scientific education, and that worries about the future of technology are unfounded. Gibbs’ critique, I contend, assumes a one-size-fits-all approach to the arts, in an area where I am concerned to make fine differentiations. Fraser-Burgess is right to wonder how my educational program can overcome the problems of multicultural, multiracial, multiethnic societies, but I maintain that the approach to educating citizens MEW outlines is the appropriate means to address those problems. Finally, I am happy to modify my conception of the Deweyan Society by introducing the kinds of Socratic explorations Tubbs proposes.John White introduces a number of significant issues and concerns. Some of these arise, I claim, from his adoption of familiar versions of concepts MEW takes pains to explicate in new ways. Since I argue for the superiority of my explicated versions, I view the correct strategy to involve discarding the presuppositions of the traditional notions White favours. With respect to moral education, for example, White's ‘precept-centered’ conception contrasts with my emphasis on the fundamental importance of skills of mutual engagement. His most extensive discussion, on my approach to fulfilment, poses a deep challenge. Here, I attempt to clarify and motivate the concepts I deploy. With respect to his review, however, as with my exchanges with the other commentators, this response can only be the beginning of what I hope will continue to be a fruitful conversation.
Conceptualizing distributive justice in education: a complexity theory perspective
Authors: Gilead Tal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the last two decades, complexity theory, which is designed to deal with systems of multiple interdependent variables, has been increasingly applied to analyse and shed light on various aspects of education. So far, however, complexity theory has rarely been used, if at all, to examine questions related to educational justice. This article offers a theoretical examination of some possible links between complexity theory and distributive justice in education. It asks how accepting the premise that education is a complex dynamic system should shape the way distributive justice in education is conceptualized and approached. It is argued that complexity theory challenges many assumptions on which the dominant approach for dealing with distributive justice in education rests. The article focuses on three subjects that stem from complexity theory but have implications for dealing with distributive justice in education: system diversity, reductionism, and change. Each of these subjects is examined separately, and some possible contributions of complexity theory to illuminating these subjects in relation to distributive justice in education are discussed. The article ends with a brief illustration of where a complexity-based approach to educational justice leads that focuses on school choice and contrasts it with Brighouse's views on this issue.
Radio multifrequency observations of the galaxy cluster pair Abell 399 − 401 with WSRT
Authors: Nunhokee C D , Bernardi G , Manti S , Govoni F , Bonafede A , Venturi T , Dallacasa D , Murgia M , Pizzo R F , Smirnov O M , Vacca V 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters are assembled via merging of smaller structures, in a process that generates shocks and turbulence in the intra cluster medium and produces radio diffuse emission in the form of halos and relics. The cluster pair A 399–A 401 represents a special case: both clusters host a radio halo. Recent Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) observations at 140 MHz revealed the presence of a radio bridge connecting the two clusters along with two relic candidates. These relics include one South of A 399 and the other in between the two clusters, in proximity of a shock front detected in X-ray observations. In this paper we present observations of the A 399–A 401 cluster pair at 1.7, 1.4, 1.2 GHz, and 346 MHz from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). We detect the radio halo in the A 399 cluster at 346 MHz, extending up to ∼650 kpc and with a 125 ± 6 mJy flux density. Its spectral index between 140 MHz and 346 MHz is α = 1.75 ± 0.14. The two candidate relics are also seen at 346 MHz and we determine their spectral indices to be α = 1.10 ± 0.14 and α = 1.46 ± 0.14. The low surface brightness bridge connecting the two clusters is below the noise level at 346 MHz therefore we constrain the bridge average spectral index to be steep, i.e. α &gt; 1.5 at 95 per cent confidence level. This result favours the scenario where dynamically-induced turbulence is a viable mechanism to reaccelerate a population of mildly relativistic particles and amplify magnetic fields on scales of a few Mpcs.
On the fast track: Rapid construction of stellar stream paths
Authors: Starkman Nathaniel , Bovy Jo , Webb Jeremy J , Calvetti Daniela , Somersalo Erkki 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Stellar streams are sensitive probes of the Galactic potential. The likelihood of a stream model given stream data is often assessed using simulations. However, comparing to simulations is challenging when even the stream paths can be hard to quantify. Here we present a novel application of self-organizing maps and first-order Kalman filters to reconstruct a stream’s path, propagating measurement errors and data sparsity into the stream path uncertainty. The technique is Galactic-model independent, non-parametric, and works on phase-wrapped streams. With this technique, we can uniformly analyse and compare data with simulations, enabling both comparison of simulation techniques and ensemble analysis with stream tracks of many stellar streams. Our method is implemented in the public Python package TrackStream, available at https://github.com/nstarman/trackstream.
Line emission from filaments in molecular clouds
Authors: Priestley F D , Arzoumanian D , Whitworth A P 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Filamentary structures are often identified in column density maps of molecular clouds, and appear to be important for both low- and high-mass star formation. Theoretically, these structures are expected to form in regions where the supersonic cloud-scale turbulent velocity field converges. While this model of filament formation successfully reproduces several of their properties derived from column densities, it is unclear whether it can also reproduce their kinematic features. We use a combination of hydrodynamical, chemical, and radiative transfer modelling to predict the emission properties of these dynamically forming filaments in the 13CO, HCN, and N2H+ $J=1{\!-\!}0$ rotational lines. The results are largely in agreement with observations; in particular, line widths are typically subsonic to transonic, even for filaments that have formed from highly supersonic inflows. If the observed filaments are formed dynamically, as our results suggest, no equilibrium analysis is possible, and simulations that presuppose the existence of a filament are likely to produce unrealistic results.
J-PLUS: characterization of high-velocity stars in the second data release
Authors: Quispe-Huaynasi F , Roig F , Daflon S , Pereira C B , Placco V M , Jiménez-Esteban F , Galindo-Guil F J , Alvarez-Candal A , Alcaniz J , Angulo R E , Cenarro J , Cristóbal-Hornillos D , Dupke R , Ederoclite A , Hernández-Monteagudo C , López-Sanjuan C , Marín-Franch A , Moles M , Sodré L , Varela J , Vázquez Ramió H 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
High-velocity stars in the Milky Way are related to extreme astrophysical phenomena. In this work, we characterize 28 stars with Galactocentric velocities higher than 400  $\mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$ observed in the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey Data Release 2 (J-PLUS DR2) survey. We combine J-PLUS photometry with astrometric data from the Gaia DR3 catalogue to analyse the kinematics, dynamics, and fundamental stellar parameters of these stars. Our results indicate that most of the 28 stars have typical behaviour and properties of halo stars, and some of them could be related to the disk population. Some of the halo stars may belong to known structures that originated from mergers of other systems with the Milky Way.