bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STK11 mutation impacts CD1E expression to regulate the differentiation of macrophages in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Qingfeng , Feng Juan , Liu Kui , Yang Xiaoyan , Huang Yun , Tang Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe deficiency of serine/threonine protein kinase 11 (STK11), one of the most common tumor suppressor genes in non‐small‐cell lung cancer, is a crucial player in tumor immune microenvironment regulation. This study attempted to unveil how mutated STK11 impact the differentiation of macrophages in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsSTK11 and CD1E expression levels in different cell models were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Western blot was utilized to detect the protein expression levels of STK11, CD1E, apoptosis markers, and AMPK signaling pathway markers after transfection treatment. Cell viability and macrophage differentiation were detected by CCK‐8 and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expression of related genes and macrophage markers, respectively.ResultsThis study found that STK11 mutations promoted the proliferation of LUAD cells and inhibited the differentiation of M1 macrophages, apoptosis, and the AMPK signaling pathway. Mutated STK11 led to CD1E downregulation, which curbed the differentiation of M1 macrophages and hence promoted LUAD progression. It was further validated by the in vivo experimental results that STK11 mutation significantly decreased the immune infiltration of M1 macrophages and promoted LUAD progression.ConclusionIt was revealed that STK11 mutation affected CD1E expression to regulate macrophage differentiation in LUAD and then promote tumor progression. In this way, CD1E could be a potential biological target for the therapeutic interventions of STK11‐mutant LUAD patients. These findings also threw new light on a new therapeutic strategy for STK11‐mutant tumor patients that assisted the macrophage polarization pathway.
A Hammett's analysis of the substituent effect in functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) systems: Optoelectronic properties and intramolecular charge transfer effects
Authors: Monteiro‐de‐Castro Gabriel , Borges Itamar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) systems have promising applications in different organic electronic devices. In this work, we investigated the effect of 20 different substituent groups on the optoelectronic properties of DPP‐based derivatives as the donor ()‐material in an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device. For this purpose, we employed Hammett's theory (HT), which quantifies the electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing properties of a given substituent group. Machine learning (ML)‐based , , , , , , , and Hammett's constants previously determined were used. Mono‐ (DPP‐X1) and di‐functionalized (DPP‐X2) DPPs, where X is a substituent group, were investigated using density functional theory (DFT), time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT), and ab initio methods. Several properties were computed using CAM‐B3LYP and the second‐order algebraic diagrammatic construction, ADC(2), an ab initio wave function method, including the adiabatic ionization potential (), the electron affinity (), the HOMO‐LUMO gaps (), and the maximum absorption wavelengths (), the first excited state transition 1S0→ 1S1 energies () (the optical gap), and exciton binding energies. From the optoelectronic properties and employing typical acceptor systems, the power conversion efficiency (), open‐circuit voltage (), and fill factor () were predicted for a DPP‐based OPV device. These photovoltaic properties were also correlated with the machine learning (ML)‐based Hammett's constants. Overall, good correlations between all properties and the different types of constants were obtained, except for the constants, which are related to inductive effects. This scenario suggests that resonance is the main factor controlling electron donation and withdrawal effects. We found that substituent groups with large values can produce higher photovoltaic efficiencies. It was also found that electron‐withdrawing groups (EWGs) reduced and considerably compared to the unsubstituted DPP‐H. Moreover, for every decrease (increase) in the values of a given optoelectronic property of DPP‐X1 systems, a more significant decrease (increase) in the same values was observed for the DPP‐X2, thus showing that the addition of the second substituent results in a more extensive influence on all electronic properties. For the exciton binding energies, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm identified groups of substituents characterized by average values (centroids) of Hammett's constants that can drive the search for new DDP‐derived materials. Our work presents a promising approach by applying HT on molecular engineering DPP‐based molecules and other conjugated molecules for applications on organic optoelectronic devices.
Decision tree model for early use of semi‐elemental formula versus standard polymeric formula in critically ill Malaysian patients: A cost‐effectiveness study
Authors: Adam Aisha , Ibrahim Noor Airini , Tah Pei Chien , Liu Xin Yi , Dainelli Livia , Foo Chee Yoong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of enteral feeding interruption (EFI) improves clinical outcomes of critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This leads to shorter ICU stays and thereby lowers healthcare costs. This study compared the cost of early use of semi‐elemental formula (SEF) in ICU vs standard polymeric formula (SPF) under the Ministry of Health (MOH) system in Malaysia.MethodsA decision tree model was developed based on literature and expert inputs. An epidemiological projection model was then added to the decision tree to calculate the target population size. The budget impact of adapting the different enteral nutrition (EN) formulas was calculated by multiplying the population size with the costs of the formula and ICU length of stay (LOS). A one‐way sensitivity analysis (OWSA) was conducted to examine the effect each input parameter has on the calculated output.ResultsReplacing SPF with SEF would lower ICU cost by MYR 1059 (USD 216) per patient. The additional cost of increased LOS due to EFI was MYR 5460 (USD 1114) per patient. If the MOH replaces SPF with SEF for ICU patients with high EFI risk (estimated 7981 patients in 2022), an annual net cost reduction of MYR 8.4 million (USD 1.7 million) could potentially be realized in the MOH system. The cost‐reduction finding of replacing SPF with SEF remained unchanged despite the input uncertainties assessed via OWSA.ConclusionEarly use of SEF in ICU patients with high EFI risk could potentially lower the cost of ICU care for the MOH system in Malaysia.
Virtual Reality for Pain Management During High‐Resolution Manometry: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Palte Ilan , Stewart Sarah , Rives Hal , Curtis James A. , Enver Necati , Tritter Andrew , Andreadis Katerina , Mocchetti Valentina , Schnoll‐Sussman Felice , Soumekh Amir , Zarnegar Rasa , Katz Philip , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveHigh‐resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders. HRM is typically performed in the office with local anesthesia only, and many patients find it unpleasant and painful. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the use of a virtual reality (VR) headset on pain and anxiety outcomes in patients with dysphagia undergoing HRM.MethodsPatients with dysphagia were prospectively recruited and randomized to undergo HRM with and without VR distraction. Data collected included the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐6 (STAI‐6), the Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, heart rate, and galvanic skin response (GSR) tracings.ResultsForty subjects completed the study, including 20 subjects in the intervention arm and 20 in the control arm. There was evidence of a significant positive effect of VR on calmness (p = 0.0095) STAI‐6 rating, as well as on physiologic measures of pain with significantly decreased GSR rise time (p = 0.0137) and average rate of change of conductance change (p = 0.0035).ConclusionThe use of VR during HRM catheter insertion increased calmness compared to control. Change of skin conductance was also reduced in the VR group, suggesting decreased physiologic pain. This study supports the consideration of the use of VR as a distraction tool to improve patient comfort during HRM.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:1118–1126, 2024
Biomass‐functionalized graphene oxide toward waterborne polyurethane composite with enhanced flame retardancy and hydrophobicity
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Liu Chen , Lu Kai , Dong Fangxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, phytic acid‐polydopamine functionalized GO (GO@PA@PDA) was first synthesized. The DOPO derivatives, hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and GO@PA@PDA were incorporated into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) by in situ polymerization. The chemical structure of GO@PA@PDA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A cone calorimeter test and a universal testing machine investigated the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of GO@PA@PDA modified waterborne polyurethane (GPD‐WPU). The results showed that the incorporation of GO@PA@PDA into WPU significantly enhanced the flame retardancy by reducing the heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, and total smoke production. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the GPD‐WPU composite films increased with the dosage of GO@PA@PDA from 0 to 2.0 wt%, and decreased slightly afterward. The contact angle and atomic force microscope measurements showed that the addition of GO@PA@PDA increased the surface roughness of GPD‐WPU composite film, thereby improving the hydrophobicity of GPD‐WPU composite films. Afterward, GPD‐WPU as a finishing agent was coated on polyester fabric. The experimental results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the vertical burning test indicated that when the dosage of GO@PA@PDA was 2.5 wt% in GPD‐WPU, after‐flame time, after‐glow time, damage length and LOI value of the coated polyester fabric were 2.9 s, 0 s, 6.8 cm, and 28.6%, respectively.
GOLDEN2‐LIKE transcription factors: A golden ticket to improve crops?
Authors: Hernández‐Verdeja Tamara , Lundgren Marjorie R. 
Published: July 2023

Societal Impact StatementThe human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion in the next 30 years, increasing the strain on our already precarious food system. Climate change is shifting weather patterns, leading to unpredictable and catastrophic events that further threaten the agronomic sector. Plant scientists are implementing biotechnological tools to sustainably increase both the production and nutritional content of our crops. Engineering GOLDEN2‐LIKE (GLK) transcription factors is a promising route to improve photosynthesis, as well as other important agronomical traits, to achieve food security for a growing population under an unpredictable climate.SummaryUsing agricultural biotechnology to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of crops has been a focus of plant science research over the last two decades. Transcription factors coordinate the expression of gene networks that are the basis of plant development and physiological responses and, as such, are good targets to help improve photosynthesis. Among the known plant transcriptional regulators, GOLDEN2‐LIKE transcription factors (GLKs) may be ideal candidates to improve photosynthesis in crops, as they are master regulators of genes associated with photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis across a broad diversity of plant lineages. Moreover, recent work has revealed their involvement in environmental response, pathogen defence and development regulation across the plant's whole life cycle. Thus, manipulating GLK expression and activity, alone or likely in combination with other modifications, has clear potential to improve plant development and growth. Here, we review the research into GLK function and discuss the potential of these key transcription factors as biotechnological tools to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and stress tolerance in crops. Additionally, we take advantage of the vast plant genome and transcriptome datasets available to explore the evolutionary history of GLKs across the plant kingdom and discuss the implications for their adoption into crop engineering projects.
Elastic network model reveals distinct flexibilities of capping proteins bound to CARMIL and twinfilin‐tail
Authors: Koike Ryotaro , Ota Motonori 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCapping protein (CP) binds to the barbed end of an actin‐filament and inhibits its elongation. CARMIL binds CP and dissociates it from the barbed end of the actin‐filament. The binding of CARMIL peptide alters the flexibility of CP, which is considered to facilitate the dissociation. Twinfilin also binds to CP through its C‐terminal tail. The complex structures of the CP/twinfilin‐tail (TW‐tail) peptide indicate that the binding sites of CARMIL and TW‐tail overlap. However, TW‐tail binding does not facilitate the dissociation of CP from the barbed end. We extensively investigated the flexibilities of CP in the CP/TW‐tail or CP/CARMIL complexes using an elastic network model and concluded that TW‐tail binding does not alter the flexibility of CP. Our extensive analysis also highlighted that the strong contacts of peptides with the two domains of CP, that is, the CP‐L and CP‐S domains, are key to changing the flexibilities of CP. CARMIL peptides can interact strongly with both of the domains, while TW‐tail peptides exclusively interact with the CP‐S domain because the binding site of TW‐tail on CP relatively shifts to the CP‐S domain compared with that of CP/CARMIL. This result supports our hypothesis that the dissociation of CP from the barbed end is regulated by the flexibility of CP.
Rhodiola rosea supplementation on sports performance: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sanz‐Barrio Patricia M. , Noreen Eric E. , Gilsanz‐Estebaranz Laura , Lorenzo‐Calvo Jorge , Martínez‐Ferrán María , Pareja‐Galeano Helios 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to determine whether the supplementation with Rhodiola rosea (RR), an herb that has been used for centuries for its various properties, can have an effect on muscle damage and physical performance. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were used to find studies published until March 2023. Randomized controlled trials, healthy participants, and no use of other supplements. The search strategy was conducted by two independent reviewers, and specific information was extracted from the selected studies. Thirteen studies were included with 263 participants (198 men and 65 women between 18 and 65 years old). Two studies followed acute supplementation, 5 chronic, and 6 combined both. The results were heterogenous, having 11 studies with some positive effects, while 2 studies show no effect in variables such as rating of perceive exertion, heart rate, antioxidant capacity, blood lactate, creatine kinase, or C‐reactive protein. Two limitations were found, firstly, the difference between supplementation and exercise protocols, and secondly, the existence of unclear or high risk of bias in most of the studies included. Acute supplementation with RR has a positive effect on endurance performance and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Chronic supplementation has a positive effect on anaerobic exercise performance, but not endurance exercise performance. Chronic supplementation may positively impact muscle damage during exercise. However, more high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of RR.
A novel forgery classification method based on multi‐scale feature capsule network in mobile edge computing
Authors: Lian Zhichao , Wang Ling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFace recognition is one of the most important applications of MEC. However, there have been many fake face data that can deceive MEC devices, causing serious problems such as information leakage. Face forgery detection can effectively solve this problem. Current face forgery detection methods have achieved high accuracy. However, most of the methods are researched on the classification of face authenticity. We find that studying multi‐classification of forgery methods can not only improve the accuracy of the model to identify fake faces, but also help improve the generalization ability of fake face classification. We argue that multi‐scale features and high‐frequency features can expose more detailed forgery artifacts. So, we design four modules, which take advantage of the complementarity of RGB features and frequency features, global features and local features. The first module is a residual‐guided multi‐scale spatial attention module, which uses residuals to guide the RGB feature extractor to extract fake features from a multi‐scale perspective. The second module is a multi‐scale retinal feature extraction module. The third module is a multi‐scale channel attention‐guided local frequency statistics module, which extracts local frequency responses using sliding‐window DCT. The last module is a capsule network classification module with overall correlation to classify the fused features. The information transfer between the subject capsule and the classification capsule can increase the integrity of the model, making the model converge faster. We conduct experiments on the databases FaceForensics++, DeepfakeDetection, and FakeAVCeleb. Experimental result shows that our method performs well on forgery classification.
Office‐based facial plastics procedures: Neuromodulators
Authors: Johnson Andrew J. , Chen David S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBotulinum toxin is a potent neuromodulator commonly used for cosmetic applications in the clinic. In this article, we reviewed the various formulations of botulinum toxin type A commercially available in the United States, as well as clinical pearls for preprocedural planning, common in‐office injections, and management of complications.
Managing floods in Chennai City as part of situation understanding and improvement project
Authors: Shivakumar Sunil , Shanmuganathan Monisha , Goonetilleke Ashantha , Day Darryl , Sarkar Archana , Hagare Dharmappa , Maheshwari Basant , Spencer Ricky , Thimmegowda Matadadoddi Nanjundegowda , Mailapalli Damodhara Rao , Purkait Mihir Kumar , Mahadevappa Sadashiva Murthy Boohalli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransdisciplinary approaches in water are important to ensure water security to everyone around the world. Recently, Young Water Professionals (YWPs) training was carried out to impart learning in transdisciplinary approaches. Besides online workshops and lectures, the training program included the Situation Understanding and Improvement Project (SUIP). Through SUIP, YWPs were able to implement the transdisciplinary approaches learnt during lectures and workshops. The SUIP selected by one of the groups of YWPs was related to the flooding experienced by the residents of Chennai, India. Flooding is a very common phenomenon having its occurrence across the world with varying severity and magnitude because of changes to the use of river floodplains, changing the land use pattern, encroachment of waterbodies, and the impact of climate change on water resources. Chennai City in Tamil Nadu, India, with a population of about 6.5 million is facing frequent flooding because of extreme rainfall events and the presence of three rivers within the city and is also facing an acute shortage of water which also needs to be addressed for its sustainable development. This study used transdisciplinary approach to understand 2015 flooding in Chennai and made several recommendations to improve the flood management in Chennai including an early warning system. The YWP training and the concept of SUIP significantly enhanced the outcomes from this study.
Conclusions on the Transformation of the Energy Sector and the Energy Geopolitics
Authors: Hafner Manfred , Raimondi Pier Paolo , Bonometti Benedetta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chapter draws the main conclusions, provides key takeaways and addresses the still-open issues related to the energy transformation of the MENA region and their geopolitical consequences. The chapter outlines the main features of the energy transformation, such as the growing ambitions related to clean energy development and the difficulties to translate such ambition into reality. It also provides an overview of the features of the geopolitical transformation, such as the rebalance of alliances and power in the region and possible strategies to remain relevant in a decarbonized world (e.g. export of decarbonized products).
Introduction
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Mangold Sonja , Yang Yayun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter outlines the three core research questions and the scope of this book. First, we provide a concise overview of the crowdsourcing markets in China, Germany, and the United States and highlight recent market trends. Second, we examine the data protection laws in these three jurisdictions and show the extent to which crowdworkers are protected. Third, we analyze and compare data privacy practices on crowdsourcing platforms and highlight how they relate to legal rules. Finally, we provide a conclusion and, based on our functional and empirical legal investigations, show where there is a need for improvement in the legal rules and data protection practices.
The Leadership of Muhammad Masserie in Perhimpoenan Kaoem Betawi (The Association of Ethnic Betawi) 1923–1940
Authors: Sijono Siswantari , Zuhdi Susanto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThose who have lived for quite some time in Jakarta would not find Si Doel Anak Betawi unfamiliar. Originally a children’s story, the first to use Betawian dialect, it was later adapted into a TV series that portrayed the marginalization of the Betawi people, the perceived “natives” of Jakarta, amid the progressive development of the city. Although some of the lyrics of the series’ theme song sound a bit rhetorical (“Anak Betawi … ketinggalan jaman… katenye?” that roughly translates to “Betawi people are barely catching up with progress… aren’t they?”), what the theme song says might have some truth in it: Betawians are often left behind compared with people from other ethnic groups in Indonesia.
Memory of the Seroja Struggle: Memories and the Challenges of Life After Military Operations 1978–1998
Authors: Wahyuni Tria Sri , Setiawan Agus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn Indonesia, discussions on memories of the Seroja Operation, a military act, and the government efforts to overcome its subsequent problems have not attracted much attention. This topic is sensitive due to the discussion of government responsibility for soldiers and their families after military operations, many of which are launched for the benefit of the state. However, the discussion is important because such operations have a direct effect on the fate of deployed soldiers and their families. Numerous soldiers are killed, or they return home with physical disabilities, and the government is required to issue policies related to their fate and families.