bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of probiotic administration on the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis: A single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Cripps Emily K , Dargaville Peter A , De Paoli Antonio G 
Published: March 2023

AimTo examine the effect of probiotic administration on the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study examining the incidence of NEC in a cohort of infants that received probiotics compared to those that had not, over an 18‐year period in a single centre. Infants were included if they were born <32 weeks' gestation with birthweight <1500 g and survived beyond 72 h. Infants in the probiotic group received either ABC Dophilus or Infloran. The primary outcome was the rate of NEC. The main secondary outcomes were late‐onset sepsis and mortality. Differences in these outcomes between cohorts were examined in univariate and multivariate analyses, taking account of confounding variables, reporting adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results805 infants were included in the study. Infants receiving probiotics had a lower risk of developing NEC compared with those that did not (32/419 (7.6%) vs. 14/386 (3.6%); aOR 0.37 (95% CI 0.18–0.74)). There was also a reduction in the late‐onset sepsis rate (22.4% vs. 14.2%, aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.77) and mortality rate (9.5% vs. 4.6%, aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17–0.73).ConclusionThe administration of a multi‐organism probiotic formulation, including Bifidobacteria, to very preterm infants in our unit was associated with a reduced incidence of NEC, late‐onset sepsis and mortality.
Control and spread of contagion in networks with global effects
Authors: Higgins John , Sabarwal Tarun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study proliferation of an action in binary action network coordination games that are generalized to include global effects. This captures important aspects of proliferation of a particular action or narrative in online social networks, providing a basis to understand their impact on societal outcomes. Our model naturally captures complementarities among starting sets, network resilience, and global effects, and highlights interdependence in channels through which contagion spreads. We present new, natural, computationally tractable, and efficient algorithms to define and compute equilibrium objects that facilitate the general study of contagion in networks and prove their theoretical properties. Our algorithms are easy to implement and help to quantify relationships previously inaccessible due to computational intractability. Using these algorithms, we study the spread of contagion in scale‐free networks with 1000 players using millions of Monte Carlo simulations. Our analysis provides quantitative and qualitative insight into the design of policies to control or spread contagion in networks. The scope of application is enlarged given the many other situations across different fields that may be modeled using this framework.
A survey on Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease in the United Kingdom
Authors: Work M. , Scudder C. , Bergum Hjellegjerde K. , Dunning M. , Gajanayake I. , Kent A. , Tintle L. , Sparks T. , Allerton F. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo characterise the fever episodes attributed to Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease and to identify common diagnostic and management strategies in the United Kingdom. A secondary objective was to determine risk factors associated with Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease fever episodes.MethodsA retrospective survey was performed to characterise episodes of Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease fever and to identify commonly used treatments in affected dogs. Clinical data were collected from owners and veterinarians. Frequencies of previously proposed risk factors (skin thickness and folding, muzzle conformation) and comorbid conditions were compared between dogs that had exhibited fever episodes consistent with Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease and those who had not.ResultsAt least one episode of fever attributed to Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease was reported in 52 of 106 (49%) Shar Pei. Nine other dogs had fever episodes consistent with Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease reported by their owners but not by veterinarians. Median rectal temperature at presentation for Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease fever was 40.1°C [104.2°F] (39.9 to 41.3°C [103.8 to 106.3°F]) and owners reported associated hyporexia (n=33, 63%) and vomiting (n=8, 15%) more frequently than veterinary records (n=22, 42% and n=0, 0%, respectively). The median number of veterinary appointments for Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease was two per dog (1 to 15) while owners reported a median of four episodes per dog per year. None of the assessed phenotypic variants or comorbidities were significantly associated with exhibiting Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease fever episodes.Clinical SignificanceEpisodes of Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease fever were reported approximately twice as frequently by owners compared to veterinary records, suggesting the burden of this condition may be underestimated by veterinarians. Specific risk factors for Shar Pei autoinflammatory disease fever were not identified.
Comparison of the epidemiology of disorders of gut–brain interaction in four Latin American countries: Results of The Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study
Authors: Schmulson Max J. , Puentes‐Leal Gerardo A. , Bustos‐Fernández Luis , Francisconi Carlos , Hani Albis , López‐Colombo Aurelio , Palsson Olafur S. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Sperber Ami D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Latin America, there are scarce data on the epidemiology of DGBI. The Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) Internet survey included 26 countries, four from Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico, with a 40.3% prevalence of Rome IV DGBI. We aimed at comparing the prevalence of DGBI and associated factors among these countries.MethodsThe frequency of DGBI by anatomical region, specific diagnoses, sex, age, diet, healthcare access, anxiety, depression, and HRQOL, were analyzed and compared.ResultsSubjects included Argentina n = 2057, Brazil = 2004, Colombia = 2007, and Mexico = 2001. The most common DGBI were bowel (35.5%), gastroduodenal (11.9%), and anorectal (10.0%). Argentina had the highest prevalence of functional diarrhea (p = 0.006) and IBS‐D; Brazil, esophageal, gastroduodenal disorders, and functional dyspepsia; Mexico functional heartburn (all <0.001). Overall, DGBI were more common in women vs. men and decreased with age. Bowel disorders were more common in the 18–39 (46%) vs. 40–64‐year (39%) groups. Diet was also different between those with DGBI vs. those without with subtle differences between countries. Subjects endorsing criteria for esophageal, gastroduodenal, and anorectal disorders from Mexico, more commonly consulted physicians for bowel symptoms vs. those from Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. General practitioners were the most frequently consulted, by Mexicans (50.42%) and Colombians (40.80%), followed by gastroenterologists. Anxiety and depression were more common in DGBI individuals in Argentina and Brazil vs. Mexico and Colombia, and they had lower HRQOL.ConclusionsThe prevalence of upper and lower DGBI, as well as the burden of illness, psychological impact and HRQOL, differ between these Latin American countries.
Online mentoring for girls in secondary education to increase participation rates of women in STEM: A long‐term follow‐up study on later university major and career choices
Authors: Stoeger Heidrun , Debatin Tobias , Heilemann Michael , Schirner Sigrun , Ziegler Albert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn important first step in talent development in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is getting individuals excited about STEM. Females, in particular, are underrepresented in many STEM fields. Since girls’ interest in STEM declines in adolescence, interventions should begin in secondary education at the latest. One appropriate intervention is (online) mentoring. Although its short‐term effectiveness has been demonstrated for proximal outcomes during secondary education (e.g., positive changes in elective intentions in STEM), studies of the long‐term effectiveness of STEM mentoring provided during secondary education—especially for real‐life choices of university STEM majors and professions—are lacking. In our study, we examine females’ real‐life decisions about university majors and entering professions made years after they had participated in an online mentoring program (CyberMentor) during secondary education. The program's proximal positive influence on girls’ elective intentions in STEM and certainty about career plans during secondary education had previously been demonstrated in several studies with pre–post‐test waitlist control group designs. Specifically, we compared the choices that former mentees (n= 410) made about university majors and entering professions several years after program participation with (1) females of their age cohort and (2) females of a group of girls comparably interested in STEM who had signed up for the program but then not participated (n= 71). Further, we examined the explanatory contribution to these later career‐path‐relevant, real‐life choices based on (1) mentees’ baseline conditions prior to entering the program (e.g., elective intentions in STEM), (2) successful 1‐year program participation, and (3) multiyear program participation. Findings indicate positive long‐term effects of the program in all areas investigated.
Healthier diets for all? A systematic review and meta‐analysis examining socioeconomic equity of the effect of increasing availability of healthier foods on food choice and energy intake
Authors: Langfield Tess , Marty Lucile , Inns Maisie , Jones Andrew , Robinson Eric 
Published: March 2023

SummaryWidespread availability of unhealthy food and drink products may contribute to socioeconomic patterning in obesity. Therefore, increasing the availability of healthier foods may be one approach to reducing obesity without widening existing inequalities. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the impact of increasing the availability of healthier food and drink on consumer behavior among individuals with higher and lower socioeconomic position (SEP). Eligible studies were required to use experimental designs to compare conditions of higher vs lower availability of healthier vs less healthy options on food choice‐related outcomes and measure SEP. Thirteen eligible studies were included. Odds of choosing a healthy item were higher when availability was increased for higher (OR = 5.0, 95% CI: 3.3, 7.7) and lower (OR = 4.9, CI: 3.0, 8.0) SEP. Increased availability of healthier foods was also associated with a decrease in energy content of selections for higher (−131 kcal; CI: −76, −187) and lower (−109 kcal; CI: −73, −147) SEP. There was no SEP moderation. Increasing the relative availability of healthier foods may be an equitable and effective approach to improve population‐level diet and address obesity, though more research is required testing this in real‐world environments.
Association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and autism spectrum disorder among term births: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Nitschke Amanda S. , do Valle Helena Abreu , Vallance Bruce A. , Bickford Celeste , Ip Angie , Lanphear Nancy , Lanphear Bruce , Weikum Whitney , Oberlander Tim F. , Hanley Gillian E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal antibiotic exposure induces changes in the maternal microbiome, which could influence the development of the infant's microbiome–gut–brain axis.ObjectivesWe assessed whether prenatal antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring born at term.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study included everyone who delivered a live singleton‐term infant in British Columbia, Canada between April 2000 and December 2014. Exposure was defined as filling antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy. The outcome was an ASD diagnosis from the British Columbia Autism Assessment Network, with a follow‐up to December 2016. To examine the association among pregnant individuals treated for the same indication, we studied a sub‐cohort diagnosed with urinary tract infections. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR). The analysis was stratified by sex, trimester, cumulative duration of exposure, class of antibiotic, and mode of delivery. We ran a conditional logistic regression of discordant sibling pairs to control for unmeasured environmental and genetic confounding.ResultsOf the 569,953 children included in the cohort, 8729 were diagnosed with ASD (1.5%) and 169,922 were exposed to prenatal antibiotics (29.8%). Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of ASD (HR 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.15), particularly for exposure during the first and second trimesters (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04, 1.18 and HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.16, respectively), and exposure lasting ≥15 days (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04, 1.23). No sex differences were observed. The association was attenuated in the sibling analysis (adjusted odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.92, 1.17).ConclusionsPrenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with a small increase in the risk of ASD in offspring. Given the possibility of residual confounding, these results should not influence clinical decisions regarding antibiotic use during pregnancy.
Circular and lower impact mussel and seaweed aquaculture by a shift towards bio‐based ropes
Authors: Arantzamendi Leire , Andrés Marga , Basurko Oihane C. , Suárez María José 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWorldwide, current mussel and seaweed aquaculture practices contribute to the increase of fossil fuel‐based plastic gears at sea, leading to marine litter and microplastics generation. Smart aquaculture has a great potential for shifting towards the use of lower impact bio‐based and biodegradable gears. This review defines the value chain of biogears as more sustainable gears for mussel and seaweed aquaculture, and sustainability issues covering technology, environmental impacts, economy‐market, policy, and social drivers for their potential implementation. Fit to purpose durability and functionality attributes, end‐of‐life (EoL) options and environmental benefits are key features for competitiveness of biogears versus conventional fossil fuel‐based aquaculture gears. EoL management for collection, sorting and logistics of biogears to recycling facilities is needed for the up cycling of bio‐based materials thus ensuring application of principles of circularity. The selection of the biopolymers for recyclability, improvement of the polymerisation and recycling processes together with the enhanced deployment of recycling facilities are considered as key factors for eco‐designing of circular biogears. Current policies supporting bio‐based plastics in marine applications and social benefits, as environmental sustainability, healthy products, and circular business opportunities, are likewise added value for the development and use of biogears. Overall, biogears can reduce environmental negative impacts in mussel and seaweed productions, while enabling circular use of bio‐based materials and sustainable circular bioeconomy.
Does the Kantian state dominate?: Freedom and majoritarian rule
Authors: Gregory Mike 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecently, scholars have criticized what they call the “Kantian‐Republican” thesis of freedom as non‐domination. The main complaint is that domination is unavoidable. This concern can be separated into the problem of state domination, which suggests that the state's intervening powers necessarily dominate its citizens, and the problem of majority domination, which suggests that the People necessarily dominate individual citizen as a result of the potential to form dominating majorities.
Asymptotic properties of the maximum smoothed partial likelihood estimator in the change‐plane Cox model
Authors: Takeishi Shota 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe change‐plane Cox model is a popular tool for the subgroup analysis of survival data. Despite the rich literature on this model, there has been limited investigation into the asymptotic properties of the estimators of the finite‐dimensional parameter. Particularly, the convergence rate, not to mention the asymptotic distribution, has not been fully characterized for the general model where classification is based on multiple covariates. To bridge this theoretical gap, this study proposes a maximum smoothed partial likelihood estimator and establishes the following asymptotic properties. First, it shows that the convergence rate for the classification parameter can be arbitrarily close to up to a logarithmic factor under a certain condition on covariates and the choice of tuning parameter. Given this convergence rate result, it also establishes the asymptotic normality for the regression parameter.
Arabidopsis mRNA decay landscape shaped by XRN 5′‐3′ exoribonucleases
Authors: Han Wan‐Yin , Hou Bo‐Han , Lee Wen‐Chi , Chan Tze‐Ching , Lin Tzu‐Hsiang , Chen Ho‐Ming 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARY5′‐3′ exoribonucleases (XRNs) play crucial roles in the control of RNA processing, quality, and quantity in eukaryotes. Although genome‐wide profiling of RNA decay fragments is now feasible, how XRNs shape the plant mRNA degradome remains elusive. Here, we profiled and analyzed the RNA degradomes of Arabidopsis wild‐type and mutant plants with defects in XRN activity. Deficiency of nuclear XRN3 or cytoplasmic XRN4 activity but not nuclear XRN2 activity greatly altered Arabidopsis mRNA decay profiles. Short excised linear introns and cleaved pre‐mRNA fragments downstream of polyadenylation sites were polyadenylated and stabilized in the xrn3 mutant, demonstrating the unique function of XRN3 in the removal of cleavage remnants from pre‐mRNA processing. Further analysis of stabilized XRN3 substrates confirmed that pre‐mRNA 3′ end cleavage frequently occurs after adenosine. The most abundant decay intermediates in wild‐type plants include not only the primary substrates of XRN4 but also the products of XRN4‐mediated cytoplasmic decay. An increase in decay intermediates with 5′ ends upstream of a consensus motif in the xrn4 mutant suggests that there is an endonucleolytic cleavage mechanism targeting the 3′ untranslated regions of many Arabidopsis mRNAs. However, analysis of decay fragments in the xrn4 mutant indicated that, except for microRNA‐directed slicing, endonucleolytic cleavage events in the coding sequence rarely result in major decay intermediates. Together, these findings reveal the major substrates and products of nuclear and cytoplasmic XRNs along Arabidopsis transcripts and provide a basis for precise interpretation of RNA degradome data.
The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non‐host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae
Authors: Xiong Wei , Berke Lidija , Michelmore Richard , van Workum Dirk‐Jan M. , Becker Frank F. M. , Schijlen Elio , Bakker Linda V. , Peters Sander , van Treuren Rob , Jeuken Marieke , Bouwmeester Klaas , Schranz M. Eric 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYLactuca saligna L. is a wild relative of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), with which it is partially interfertile. Hybrid progeny suffer from hybrid incompatibility (HI), resulting in reduced fertility and distorted transmission ratios. Lactuca saligna displays broad‐spectrum resistance against lettuce downy mildew caused by Bremia lactucae Regel and is considered a non‐host species. This phenomenon of resistance in L. saligna is called non‐host resistance (NHR). One possible mechanism behind this NHR is through the plant–pathogen interaction triggered by pathogen recognition receptors, including nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins and receptor‐like kinases (RLKs). We report a chromosome‐level genome assembly of L. saligna (accession CGN05327), leading to the identification of two large paracentric inversions (>50 Mb) between L. saligna and L. sativa. Genome‐wide searches delineated the major resistance clusters as regions enriched in NLRs and RLKs. Three of the enriched regions co‐locate with previously identified NHR intervals. RNA‐seq analysis of Bremia‐infected lettuce identified several differentially expressed RLKs in NHR regions. Three tandem wall‐associated kinase‐encoding genes (WAKs) in the NHR8 interval display particularly high expression changes at an early stage of infection. We propose RLKs as strong candidates for determinants of the NHR phenotype of L. saligna.
Cell‐type‐specific metabolism in plants
Authors: Daloso Danilo de Menezes , Morais Eva Gomes , Oliveira e Silva Karen Fernanda , Williams Thomas Christopher Rhys 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYEvery plant organ contains tens of different cell types, each with a specialized function. These functions are intrinsically associated with specific metabolic flux distributions that permit the synthesis of the ATP, reducing equivalents and biosynthetic precursors demanded by the cell. Investigating such cell‐type‐specific metabolism is complicated by the mosaic of different cells within each tissue combined with the relative scarcity of certain types. However, techniques for the isolation of specific cells, their analysis in situ by microscopy, or modeling of their function in silico have permitted insight into cell‐type‐specific metabolism. In this review we present some of the methods used in the analysis of cell‐type‐specific metabolism before describing what we know about metabolism in several cell types that have been studied in depth; (i) leaf source and sink cells; (ii) glandular trichomes that are capable of rapid synthesis of specialized metabolites; (iii) guard cells that must accumulate large quantities of the osmolytes needed for stomatal opening; (iv) cells of seeds involved in storage of reserves; and (v) the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of C4 plants that participate in a CO2 concentrating cycle. Metabolism is discussed in terms of its principal features, connection to cell function and what factors affect the flux distribution. Demand for precursors and energy, availability of substrates and suppression of deleterious processes are identified as key factors in shaping cell‐type‐specific metabolism.
Comparison of three antepartum risk assessment tools to predict significant postpartum hemorrhage in livebirths
Authors: Movva Vani C. , Bringman Jay , Young Amanda , Gray Celia , Mackeen A. Dhanya , Paglia Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo adequately predict significant postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) at hospital admission, we evaluated and compared the accuracy of three risk assessment tools: 1. California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC), 2. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology Safe Motherhood Initiative (ACOG SMI) and 3. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN).Study Design and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of people who delivered liveborn infants from January 2018 to June 2021 at our center. Patients with comorbidities necessitating higher hemoglobin values, those who refused blood transfusions, and missing pertinent data were excluded. Significant PPH was defined as a blood transfusion within 48 hours following delivery. Diagnostic statistics were calculated for each tool.ResultsOf the 11,679 included pregnancies, 232 (1.9%) people had significant PPH. Amongst those diagnosed as high‐risk by the CMQCC tool, 67/1485 (4.5%) had significant PPH; 62/1672 (3.7%) by the ACOG SMI tool, and 85/1864 (4.6%) by the AWHONN tool had significant PPH. All tools have low sensitivity and high negative predictive values. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the three tools is moderately poor (CMQCC: 0.58, ACOG SMI: 0.55, AWHONN:0.61).DiscussionUpon admission to labor and delivery, all three studied tools are poor predictors of significant PPH. The development and validation of better PPH risk stratification tools are required with the inclusion of additional important variables.