bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gravitational-wave Background Null Hypothesis: Characterizing Noise in Millisecond Pulsar Arrival Times with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
Authors: Reardon Daniel J. , Zic Andrew , Shannon Ryan M. , Di Marco Valentina , Hobbs George B. , Kapur Agastya , Lower Marcus E. , Mandow Rami , Middleton Hannah , Miles Matthew T. , Rogers Axl F. , Askew Jacob , Bailes Matthew , Bhat N. D. Ramesh , Cameron Andrew , Kerr Matthew , Kulkarni Atharva , Manchester Richard N. , Nathan Rowina S. , Russell Christopher J. , Osłowski Stefan , Zhu Xing-Jiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The noise in millisecond pulsar (MSP) timing data can include contributions from observing instruments, the interstellar medium, the solar wind, solar system ephemeris errors, and the pulsars themselves. The noise environment must be accurately characterized in order to form the null hypothesis from which signal models can be compared, including the signature induced by nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Here we describe the noise models developed for each of the MSPs in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) third data release, which have been used as the basis of a search for the isotropic stochastic GW background. We model pulsar spin noise, dispersion measure variations, scattering variations, events in the pulsar magnetospheres, solar wind variability, and instrumental effects. We also search for new timing model parameters and detected Shapiro delays in PSR J0614−3329 and PSR J1902−5105. The noise and timing models are validated by testing the normalized and whitened timing residuals for Gaussianity and residual correlations with time. We demonstrate that the choice of noise models significantly affects the inferred properties of a common-spectrum process. Using our detailed models, the recovered common-spectrum noise in the PPTA is consistent with a power law with a spectral index of γ = 13/3, the value predicted for a stochastic GW background from a population of supermassive black hole binaries driven solely by GW emission.
Astrobiology eXploration at Enceladus (AXE): A New Frontiers Mission Concept Study
Authors: Seaton K. Marshall , Gyalay Szilárd , Stucky de Quay Gaia , Burnett Ethan R. , Denton C. Adeene , Doerr Bryce , Ebadi Kamak , Eckert Stephanie , Flynn Ian. T. W. , Honniball Casey I. , Hume Shayna , Kling Corbin L. , Marohnic Julian C. , Milton Julia , Mondro Claire A. , Nuno Raquel G. , Rooney Caoimhe M. , Strauss Beck E. , Nash Alfred , Scully Jennifer E. C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Saturnian moon Enceladus presents a unique opportunity to sample the contents of a subsurface liquid water ocean in situ via the continuous plume formed over its south polar terrain using a multi-flyby mission architecture. Previous analyses of the plume’s composition by Cassini revealed an energy-rich system laden with salts and organic compounds, representing an environment containing most of the ingredients for life as we know it. Following in the footsteps of the Cassini-Huygens mission, we present Astrobiology eXploration at Enceladus (AXE), a New Frontiers class Enceladus mission concept study carried out during the 2021 NASA Planetary Science Summer School program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. We demonstrate that a scientifically compelling geophysical and life-detection mission to Enceladus can be carried out within the constraints of a New Frontiers-5 cost cap using a modest instrument suite, requiring only a narrow angle, high-resolution telescopic imager, a mass spectrometer, and a high-gain antenna for radio communications and gravity science measurements. Using a multi-flyby mission architecture, AXE would evaluate the habitability and potential for life at Enceladus through a synergistic combination of in situ chemical analysis measurements aimed at directly detecting the presence of molecular biosignatures, along with geophysical and geomorphological investigations to contextualize chemical biosignatures and further evaluate the habitability of Enceladus over geologic time.
A comparative analysis of the sexual culture and behavior of nursing students from the Medical University of Plovdiv in the period 2009-2019
Authors: Taneva Daniela , Kirkova-Bogdanova Angelina , Vladimirova Marieta , Katsarska Radoslava , Vakrilova-Becheva Maria 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Population reproduction and family planning are highly dependent on sexual culture and sexual behavior. In this study, we seek to determine whether, over a ten-year period from 2009 to 2019, there have been any changes in the sexual culture of nursing students in relation to the knowledge of risk factors for unintended pregnancies and subsequent abortions.
Materials and methods: A group anonymous survey was used to gather primary data from 219 nursing students from the Medical College at the Medical University of Plovdiv in 2009 and 210 nursing students from the Faculty of Public Health at the same institution in 2019. The studies in both cohorts were cross-sectional.
Results and discussion: We found that students’ perceptions of sexual culture did not change significantly in the study period. There were some changes in the students’ attitudes toward voluntary abortion in the ten years between 2009 and 2019. Age and marital status were found to be essential factors in determining whether an unplanned pregnancy would be maintained or aborted. Future medical professionals are aware of how having an abortion affects a woman’s health and ability to reproduce.
Conclusions: In promoting sexual and reproductive health, medical professionals play a crucial role. It is, therefore, essential that a course on sexual health be added to the curriculum of medical universities training healthcare professionals.
Composition and chronic toxicity of dry methanol-aqueous extract of wild-growing Satureja montana
Authors: Vilmosh Natalia , Georgieva-Kotetarova Maria , Dimitrova Stela , Zgureva Maria , Atanassova Pepa K. , Hrischev Petar I. , Kostadinova Ivanka 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Satureja montana is a wild growing medicinal plant, part of the Lamiaceae family. This herb is well known as a source of phenolic compounds, which can vary in a broad range depending on different factors and exert many pharmacological activities.
Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the composition and chronic toxicity of dry extract of Satureja montana.
Material and methods: The composition was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatographic system with diode-array detector. To establish the chronic toxicity of dry extract of Satureja montana we used 40 eight-week-old male Wistar rats, treated orally with saline, olive oil (control groups), Satureja montana at a dose of 500 mg/kg bw, carvacrol – 500 mg/kg bw, and rosmarinic acid – 15 mg/kg bw. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and blood samples and organs for histological examination were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using IBM SPSS 19.0.
Results: Rosmarinic acid and small quantities of carvacrol were found in the dry extract of Satureja montana. Full blood count and the biochemical parameters ASAT, ALAT, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and ionized Ca were in the reference values for 17+ weeks old male Wistar rats. The histological samples showed no signs of organ toxicity.
Conclusions: The main ingredient in the dry extract of Satureja montana is rosmarinic acid. The extract is not toxic after 90-days oral administration.
Una posible influencia: la Epístola de la Contemplación (Risālat al-iʿtibār) de Ibn Masarra (m. 931) y Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Risālat Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān) de Ibn Ṭufayl’s (m. 1185)
Authors: Von Doetinchem de Rande Raissa 
Published: June 2023

Este artículo plantea la posibilidad de considerar la Epístola de la Contemplación (Risālat al-iʿtibār) de Ibn Masarra como otra posible influencia en la famosa novela filosófica de Ibn Ṭufayl, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān. Las características compartidas en los argumentos básicos de las dos obras sobre la compatibilidad de la razón y la revelación como los dos caminos para alcanzar el conocimiento y su similar uso epistemológico del concepto de fiṭra como la base del ascenso racional demuestran que la epístola de Ibn Masarra constituyó una fuente para la historia ideada por Ibn Ṭufayl. Sin embargo, una comparación de ambas obras demuestra diferencias importantes en sus concepciones del fin de la contemplación y de la fiṭra y, de ahí, en las ideas de cada autor acerca de la paridad entre razón y revelación. Considerando tanto sus características compartidas más significativas como sus diferencias más importantes, este artículo plantea la posible existencia de una conexión significativa entre los dos textos andalusíes. Dado que hay una escasez relativa de datos históricos sobre los dos autores, este artículo no aborda la historia material de ninguno de los textos o las circunstancias históricas de sus autores. En cambio, concluye que, a pesar de los matices divergentes entre las dos obras, sus paralelos justifican considerar la epístola de Ibn Masarra como otra influencia posible en la estructura y objetivos de la novela de Ibn Ṭufayl.
“Diversity’s good unless you have a Southern accent, then you’re a hick”: Self-evaluation, linguistic insecurity and symbolic domination in Middle Tennessee
Authors: Brunet Marc-Philippe 
Published: June 2023

La variété linguistique parlée dans le sud des États-Unis constitue un domaine d’étude bien documenté (Farington et al., 2018 ; Feagin, 2018 ; Fridland, 2003, 2008 ; Labov et al., 2006 ; Nunnally & Bailey, 2018 ; Reed, 2014). En raison de sa distribution géographique et sociale au sein des États-Unis, cette variété est considérée par une grande partie des Américains (y compris par ses propres locuteurs) comme l'une des plus saillantes, ainsi que l’une des plus « incorrectes » de l'anglais parlé aux États-Unis (Hasty, 2018 ; Preston, 1996, 2015 ; Preston and Robinson, 2008). Ainsi, les caractéristiques linguistiques – et en particulier phonologiques et phonétiques – de cette variété sont socialement symptomatiques, dans la mesure où elles sont systématiquement associées à des groupes socio-démographiques spécifiques par une majorité des États-uniens. Les locuteurs du Sud sont d’ailleurs typiquement affectés par un haut degré d'insécurité linguistique, due à la domination symbolique du standard linguistique aux Etats-Unis.Cet article s’intéresse à la façon dont les locuteurs du SAE répondent au sentiment d'insécurité linguistique qui les caractérise, dans une communauté linguistique et sociale spécifique. Cette étude se fait notamment via l’analyse de la production de la diphtongue /aɪ/ par une cohorte de locuteurs, car cette variable linguistique est souvent considérée comme un trait caractéristique de la phonologie du Sud. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous utilisons la notion de domination symbolique, renvoyant ici à une méconnaissance du caractère intrinsèquement arbitraire d'une norme linguistique, ce qui conduit les locuteurs de variétés moins prestigieuses à juger leurs propres productions linguistiques à travers le prisme des critères dominants (Bourdieu, 2001 ; Bourdieu & Boltanski, 1975).Cette étude se base sur les résultats d'un travail de terrain sociolinguistique à Murfreesboro (Tennessee, Etats-Unis), mené dans le cadre théorique et méthodologique du programme de recherche PAC et dans le cadre du projet sociophonologique LVTI-Langue, Ville, Travail, Identité (Durand & Przewozny, 2012 ; Przewozny et al. 2020). Les résultats de l’enquête montrent que les locuteurs ont recours à des formes d’autocorrection ou à de l’hyperdialectalisme comme stratégies antagonistes, dues à la position particulière de la phonologie du Sud dans la hiérarchie dialectale.
De Destino a l’Obra completa: una anàlisi de la reescriptura planiana a propòsit de Les hores (1971)
Authors: Cano Mateu J. Àngel 
Published: June 2023

Entre 1939 et 1976, Josep Pla a écrit plus de deux mille articles pour le magazine Destino, dont la plupart ont été plubliés dans sa rubrique hebdomadaire « Calendario sin fechas ». Beaucoup de ces articles ont été rassemblés sous forme de livre : La huida del tiempo (Destino, 1945) en est une preuve, avec cinquante et un textes. Le présent travail vise à analyser le processus d’incorporation et d’adaptation de ces articles dans la sousdite La huida del tiempo, puis, comment ils sont élargis et traduits en catalan, d’abord pour Les hores (El pas de l’any) (Selecta, 1953), et, plus tard, pour l’Obra completa ; plus précisement pour le tome XX, intitulé Les hores (Destino, 1971). L’objectif est d’étudier, à partir de l’analyse de deux chapitres précis (« Calendaris » et « Un novembre fi »), les processus successifs de réécriture personnelle et d’autotraduction qui vont au-delà des simples changements linguistiques, en plus d’être une tentative de rapprocher les textes d’un nouveau lectorat, différent de celui de la plateforme éditorale originale.
Les coupes dans le Tiran le Blanc de 1737, la « belle infidèle » de Caylus : appropriation d’un texte au moment de sa traduction
Authors: Daste Quentin 
Published: June 2023

Le présent article se donne pour but de présenter et étudier les coupes et réductions pratiquées par le comte de Caylus (1692‑1765) dans sa traduction-adaptation en français (1737) du roman Tirant le Blanc (1490). L’étude des constantes de celles-ci permettant ainsi de mettre en lumière une possible méthodologie dans cette intervention, et de formuler quelques hypothèses sur ce que Caylus révèle de lui-même dans son texte ; une « belle infidèle » de l’œuvre du Valencien Joanot Martorell (1413‑1468), qui lui était parvenue par traductions, et qu’il ne serait pas excessif de qualifier de « version d’auteur ».
Vanishing the Existence of the Mandible?
Authors: Pandey Narayan Dutt , Dusane Shrikant , Bhagat Bhushan Ramdas , Bhagat Shubhangi Bhushan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Phantom bone disease, also known as Gorham’s disease, is a rare disorder characterized by the progressive destruction of one or more skeletal bones. Commonly involved bones are the upper and lower extremities. Very few cases have been reported in the maxillofacial region with unilateral mandible being commonly involved. This case, to our knowledge, is the third case of Gorham’s disease involving the whole length of the mandible in a 55-year-old female with a brief discussion on its clinical, radiographic, and histopathological presentation and treatment options.
Clinical outcomes of percutaneous reconstruction of anterolateral ligament in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee in skeletally mature patients
Authors: Saleh Mohamed R A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common sports injuries of the knee joint. The results of combined ACL and anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction have shown a significant improvement in clinical outcome.

Objectives
To evaluate clinical outcomes of combined ACL and ALL reconstruction in ACL-deficient knee.

Patients and methods
This study included 20 patients aged from 21 to 45 years, who presented with ACL-deficient knee. Combined ACL and ALL reconstruction were performed to all cases. Patients were followed up for 24 months postoperatively. Patient assessment included preinjury, preoperative and postoperative subjective and objective International Knee Documentation Committee, Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm scores.

Results
Our study showed that the postoperative mean Lysholm knee score (94.20 ± 4.55) was significantly improved than preoperative (65.62 ± 3.42) (P<0.001) and there were 17 (85%) patients postoperatively with an excellent score. Also, postoperative mean Tegner activity score and International Knee Documentation Committee (8.22 ± 1.64 and 87.25 ± 8.71, respectively) were significantly improved than the preoperative (6.73 ± 1.21 and 52.71 ± 11.35, respectively) values (P=0.031 and P<0.001, respectively). The instrumented knee laxity test was performed using a KT-1000 arthrometer where the mean of postoperative translation (3.28 ± 0.74 mm) was significantly lower than the preoperative (11.15 ± 0.82 mm) (P<0.001) value.

Conclusion
Our technique of combined ACL and ALL reconstruction was found to be effective in improving subjective and objective outcomes. Also, no serious complications were noted with this operative procedure.
Managment of congenital knee dislocation by gradual reduction with serial casting
Authors: Abuomira Ibrahim Elsayed A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Congenital knee dislocation (CKD) is deformity of the knee characterized by unnatural hyperextension with severely restricted knee flexion. It may either be idiopathic or a part of any syndrome (Larsen’s syndrome, myelomeningocele, and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita). As the incidence of CDK is very low (~1/100 000 live births, which is about 1% of the incidence of congenital hip dislocation).

Aim
To identify the results of conservative management of the group of CKD at birth, especially grade I and grade II according to Tarek CDK grading system (Abdelaziz and Samir grading of CDK) and identify the problems encountered during the process.

Patients and methods
Between January 2016 and February 2021, 24 infants with 34 CDK were treated at Al-Azhar University Hospital, Assiut branch. Age at the time of initial treatment ranged from 3 to 45 days, average 17 days. Fourteen infants were male and 10 infants were female. Eight cases were affected on the right side, six cases were affected on the left side, and 10 cases were affected bilaterality.
Follow-up ranged from 1 to 3 years, average 2.3 years.
The serial casting was started weekly, aiming to achieve more than 90° passive flexion, the number of the cast ranged from one to six casts, average three casts. Then, the cast was discontinued and a back splint has been given to the 14 patients to be used at nighttime only.

Results
All parents were satisfied with the outcome. Satisfaction was assessed by asking the parent(s) to grade their child’s condition at the final follow-up on a scale of 0 to 5, with ‘0’ meaning totally unsatisfied and ‘5’ meaning extremely satisfied. Parent(s) who graded their child at ‘3 or more’ were considered satisfied. Twenty-two knees achieved excellent results, 10 knees achieved good results, and two knees achieved fair results. All knees that achieved excellent results were grade I/grade II and had been treated by serial casting only.
The cast was changed every 1 week, average duration of cast was 21 days.
The only two knees were grade III that underwent V-Y quadricepsplasty and had excellent results.

Conclusion
If CDK was diagnosed early after birth and timely treatment initiated successful, conservative management can be easily done even in the higher grades of classification of CKD.
Modified anatomical posterolateral corner reconstruction of the knee using combined fibula-and tibia-based anatomic reconstruction with tibial posterior cortical fixation using a titanium staple
Authors: Elforse El Sayed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of the anatomical reconstruction of a posterolateral corner (PLC) using a technique of combined fibula-and tibia-based anatomic reconstruction using a single semitendinosus autograft with posterior tibial cortical surface fixation using a titanium staple.Patients and methodsBetween August 2016 and July 2018, 13 male patients with chronic PLC injury underwent a PLC reconstruction of the knee by a modified anatomical PLC reconstruction using a technique of combined fibula-and tibia-based anatomic reconstruction using a single semitendinosus autograft with posterior tibial cortical fixation using a titanium staple. Instability was the main complaint, the mean age was 27.54 ± 4.63 with motorcycle accident being the most common cause of injury in five (38.5%) patients, contact sport was the second common cause of injury in four (30.8%) patients, twisting injury represented 15.4%, and motor vehicle injury in 15.4%. The mean time from injury to surgery was 3.54 ± 1.51 months, all cases had associated injuries; seven cases presented as combined PLC and anterior cruciate ligament injuries with one case having chondral lesion and another case having medial meniscal injury; the other five cases had combined PLC and posterior cruciate ligament injury with one case having a medial meniscal injury. The mean follow-up period was 11.31 ± 2.78 months. Before surgery as well as at the final follow-up, all study patients completed the subjective Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaires. The side-to-side difference (SSD) of the lateral joint opening in stress varus radiographs and external rotation angle (dial test) were measured.ResultsThe final results at the end of the follow-up period showed marked improvement in IKDC and Lysholm score presented as a significant improvement of IKDC score from the preoperative mean score 25.92 ± 7.02–71.08 ± 4.39 (P<0.001) and Lysholm score improvement from 33.4 ± 5.7 to 87.7 ± 8.5 (P<0.001). Improvement of SSD of lateral joint opening in stress radiographs from 6.1 ± 0.6 to 3.4 ± 0.3 mm (P<0.001) and SSD of the external rotation angle (dial test) improved from 26.5 ± 3.8° preoperatively to 7.7 ± 3.3° postoperatively (P<0.001).ConclusionAnatomical PLC reconstruction using the fibular tunnel technique using a single semitendinosus graft with posterior cortical fixation at the tibial side using a titanium staple is a simple technique that gives excellent short-term follow-up results that need long-term follow-up to determine the graft function, especially in cases of multiple-ligament injured knee.
Base of Hamate as a reconstruction for proximal pole scaphoid fractures
Authors: Tabl Eslam A , Abouzied Mahmoud 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Scaphoid fracture nonunion is a troublesome complication that if untreated will lead to avascular necrosis (AVN) of proximal pole, then carpal collapse, and degenerative arthritis. The proximal pole of the scaphoid vascular status is an important factor in determining the type of bone graft used whether vascularized or nonvascularized.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a new technique in the reconstruction of AVN proximal pole scaphoid fracture nonunion by using proximal Hamate as an autograft to restore the shape of scaphoid and scapholunate mechanics and the effect of graft size on wrist mechanics.

Patients and methods
This was an interrupted time-series clinical trial (quasi-experimental) study that included 20 patients with nonunited proximal scaphoid fractures with AVN of the proximal part treated with excision of the proximal pole of scaphoid and reconstruct with the proximal pole of Hamate and reconstruction of scapholunate ligament.

Results
All fractures united, except two fractures, with a mean period of 10.2 weeks, the mean follow-up period was 11 months, there was an improvement in visual analog scale score from 8 (7–9) preoperative to 2 (0–5) postoperative and the final Mayo wrist score was 93.1 (range, 79–98).

Conclusion
The use of proximal hamate as an autograft to reconstruct the proximal osteocartilaginous surface of the scaphoid nonunited fractures with AVN of the proximal pole is a promising technique.