bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are LSTMs good few-shot learners?
Authors: Huisman Mike , Moerland Thomas M. , Plaat Aske , van Rijn Jan N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeep learning requires large amounts of data to learn new tasks well, limiting its applicability to domains where such data is available. Meta-learning overcomes this limitation by learning how to learn. Hochreiter et al. (International conference on artificial neural networks, Springer, 2001) showed that an LSTM trained with backpropagation across different tasks is capable of meta-learning. Despite promising results of this approach on small problems, and more recently, also on reinforcement learning problems, the approach has received little attention in the supervised few-shot learning setting. We revisit this approach and test it on modern few-shot learning benchmarks. We find that LSTM, surprisingly, outperform the popular meta-learning technique MAML on a simple few-shot sine wave regression benchmark, but that LSTM, expectedly, fall short on more complex few-shot image classification benchmarks. We identify two potential causes and propose a new method called Outer Product LSTM (OP-LSTM) that resolves these issues and displays substantial performance gains over the plain LSTM. Compared to popular meta-learning baselines, OP-LSTM yields competitive performance on within-domain few-shot image classification, and performs better in cross-domain settings by 0.5–1.9% in accuracy score. While these results alone do not set a new state-of-the-art, the advances of OP-LSTM are orthogonal to other advances in the field of meta-learning, yield new insights in how LSTM work in image classification, allowing for a whole range of new research directions. For reproducibility purposes, we publish all our research code publicly.
Connecting beams and continua: variational basis and mathematical analysis
Authors: Romero Ignacio , Schenk Christina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a new variational principle for linking models of beams and deformable solids, providing also its mathematical analysis. Despite the apparent differences between the two types of governing equations, it will be shown that the equilibrium of systems combining beams and solids can be obtained from a joint constrained variational principle and that the resulting boundary-value problem is well posed.
MicroRNA-499-5p inhibits transforming growth factor-β1-induced Smad2 signaling pathway and suppresses fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in rat by targeting TGFβ-R1
Authors: Zhao Qing , Yang Wentao , Li Xiangdong , Yuan Hongtao , Guo Jianping , Wang Yutang , Shan Zhaoliang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrosis has been recognized as a typical pathological change in atrial fibrillation. Although present evidence suggests that microRNA-499-5p (miR-499-5p) plays an important role in the development of atrial fibrosis, the specific mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, this study attempted to assess the influence of miR-499-5p on atrial fibroblasts and explore the potential molecular mechanism.

Methods
Atrial fibroblasts from sprague dawley rat were respectively transfected with miR-499-5p mimic, miR-499-5p negative control and miR-499-5p inhibitor, atrial fibroblasts without any treatment were also established. Cell counting kit-8 assay and transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration of atrial fibroblasts in each group. Expressions of miR-499-5p, TGF-β1, smad2, α-SMA, collagen-I and TGFβ-R1 in mRNA and protein level were subsequently detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Furthermore, the prediction of the binding sites of miR-499-5p and TGFβ-R1 was performed via the bioinformatics online software TargetScan and verified by dual luciferase reporter.

Results
By utilizing miR-499-5p-transfected atrial fibroblasts model, expression of miR-499-5p in the miR-499-5p mimic group was upregulated, while it was downregulated in the miR-499-5p inhibitor group. Upregulated miR-499-5p expression led to a significant decrease in the proliferative and migratory ability of cultured atrial fibroblasts, while downregulated miR-499-5p expression led to a significant increase in the proliferative and migratory ability of cultured atrial fibroblasts. Additionally, upregulated miR-499-5p expression made a significant rise in TGF-β1-induced mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1, TGFβ-R1, smad2, α-SMA and collagen-I in atrial fibroblasts. Furthermore, results from the dual luciferase reporter conformed that miR-499-5p may repress TGFβ-R1 by binding the 3′UTR of TGFβ-R1 directly.

Conclusions
miR-499-5p is able to inhibit the activation of transforming growth factor β-induced Smad2 signaling and eventually suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of atrial fibroblasts and collagen synthesis by targeting TGFβ-R1.
Fictional force
Authors: Stokke Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper argues for an account of fictional force, the central characteristic of the kind of non-assertoric speech act that authors of fictions are engaged in. A distinction is drawn between what is true in a fiction and the fictional record comprising what the audience has been told. The papers argues that to utter a sentence with fictional force is to intend that its content be added to a fictional record. It is shown that this view accounts for phenomena such as conversational implicatures in fictional discourse. Moreover, the view is seen to provide an attractive way of distinguishing fictional utterances from assertoric utterances. As a consequence, this account of fictional force offers a satisfactory way of distinguishing fiction from lying.
Policy uncertainty and real activities manipulation: evidence from Brexit
Authors: Makarem Naser , Singh Harjinder , Sultana Nigar , Henderson Darren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBrexit exposed the UK to substantial policy uncertainty that could affect the performance and behavior of British firms. We examine the impact of Brexit as an exogenous shock to policy uncertainty on real activities manipulation by British firms. Using several measures of real activities manipulation and a difference-in-differences design, we compare the earnings management of firms most adversely affected by Brexit uncertainty (affected firms) to other firms. Our results indicate that the affected firms exhibit higher real activities manipulation after the Brexit vote and we also find that they demonstrate similarly higher accruals management. Our findings suggesting that policy uncertainty induces the costly practice of real activities manipulation are relevant to various stakeholders including policymakers and financial statements users.
The Europa Clipper Magnetometer
Authors: Kivelson Margaret G. , Jia Xianzhe , Lee Karen A. , Raymond Carol A. , Khurana Krishan K. , Perley Mitchell O. , Biersteker John B. , Blacksberg Jordana , Caron Ryan , Cochrane Corey J. , Dawson Olivia R. , Harris Camilla D. K. , Jones Jonathan E. , Joy Steven , Korth Haje , Liu Jiang , Maghsoudi Elham , Murphy Neil , Parsley David , Pierce David R. , Racho Caroline , Richter Ingo , Russell Christopher T. , Sherman Sarah , Strangeway Robert J. , Villarreal Mickey , Weiss Benjamin P. , Wigglesworth Lee 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlobal-scale properties of Europa’s putative ocean, including its depth, thickness, and conductivity, can be established from measurements of the magnetic field on multiple close flybys of the moon at different phases of the synodic and orbital periods such as those planned for the Europa Clipper mission. The Europa Clipper Magnetometer (ECM) has been designed and constructed to provide the required high precision, temporally stable measurements over the range of temperatures and other environmental conditions that will be encountered in the solar wind and at Jupiter. Three low-noise, tri-axial fluxgate sensors provided by the University of California, Los Angeles are controlled by an electronics unit developed at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Each fluxgate sensor measures the vector magnetic field over a wide dynamic range (±4000 nT per axis) with a resolution of 8 pT. A rigorous magnetic cleanliness program has been adopted for the spacecraft and its payload. The sensors are mounted far out on an 8.5 m boom to form a configuration that makes it possible to measure the remaining spacecraft field and remove its contribution to data from the outboard sensor. This paper provides details of the magnetometer design, implementation and testing, the ground calibrations and planned calibrations in cruise and in orbit at Jupiter, and the methods to be used to extract Europa’s inductive response from the data. Data will be collected at nominal rates of 1 or 16 samples/s and will be processed at UCLA and delivered to the Planetary Data System in a timely manner.
Intra- & Extra-Source Exemplar-Based Style Synthesis for Improved Domain Generalization
Authors: Li Yumeng , Zhang Dan , Keuper Margret , Khoreva Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe generalization with respect to domain shifts, as they frequently appear in applications such as autonomous driving, is one of the remaining big challenges for deep learning models. Therefore, we propose an exemplar-based style synthesis pipeline to improve domain generalization in semantic segmentation. Our method is based on a novel masked noise encoder for StyleGAN2 inversion. The model learns to faithfully reconstruct the image, preserving its semantic layout through noise prediction. Random masking of the estimated noise enables the style mixing capability of our model, i.e. it allows to alter the global appearance without affecting the semantic layout of an image. Using the proposed masked noise encoder to randomize style and content combinations in the training set, i.e., intra-source style augmentation ($$\textrm{ISSA}$$
ISSA
) effectively increases the diversity of training data and reduces spurious correlation. As a result, we achieve up to $$12.4\%$$

12.4
%

mIoU improvements on driving-scene semantic segmentation under different types of data shifts, i.e., changing geographic locations, adverse weather conditions, and day to night. $$\textrm{ISSA}$$
ISSA
is model-agnostic and straightforwardly applicable with CNNs and Transformers. It is also complementary to other domain generalization techniques, e.g., it improves the recent state-of-the-art solution RobustNet by $$3\%$$

3
%

mIoU in Cityscapes to Dark Zürich. In addition, we demonstrate the strong plug-n-play ability of the proposed style synthesis pipeline, which is readily usable for extra-source exemplars e.g., web-crawled images, without any retraining or fine-tuning. Moreover, we study a new use case to indicate neural network’s generalization capability by building a stylized proxy validation set. This application has significant practical sense for selecting models to be deployed in the open-world environment. Our code is available at https://github.com/boschresearch/ISSA.
Missile thermal emission flow field under the synergistic effect of deep reinforcement learning and wireless sensor network
Authors: Zhou Quanlin , Xiong Xinhong , Zhu Long , Wang Guoxian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe vehicle-mounted missile vertical thermal emission not only has excellent maneuverability, randomness, and concealment, but also has a short response time, good versatility, and high reliability, so it is widely used. In order to explore the gas flow field of thermal emission of the vehicle-mounted missile, firstly, this study introduces the theoretical basis of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm and wireless sensor network (WSN). Secondly, combining WSN and DRL, a WSN technology based on DRL is proposed. Finally, the DRL-based WSN technology is applied to the vertical thermal emission of the vehicle-mounted missile. In addition, the flow field simulation software is employed to simulate and compare the influence of the single-side and double-side diversion schemes of the gas flow discharged by the diverter on the open ground field flat collection launcher, and the diversion characteristics of the two schemes are obtained. The results show that in the single-side diversion scheme, the impact and ablation area of the gas jet on the ground mainly appear at the rear side of the diversion device, and the ablation area of the gas jet on the launcher vehicle is mainly at its tail end. While the ablative site and shock of the double-side diversion scheme on the ground mainly appear on both sides of the diversion, and the ablative part of the gas jet to the launcher is mainly present at the bottom of the frame and the inside surface of the tire. The study of missile thermal emission flow fields based on DRL and WSN has certain theoretical significance for the flow field variation of missile launching.
An overview on multimodal imaging for the diagnostic workup of pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Gabelloni Michela , Faggioni Lorenzo , Brunese Maria Chiara , Picone Carmine , Fusco Roberta , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Cioni Dania , Neri Emanuele , Gandolfo Nicoletta , Giovagnoni Andrea , Granata Vincenza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPleural mesothelioma (PM) is an aggressive disease that has a strong causal relationship with asbestos exposure and represents a major challenge from both a diagnostic and therapeutic viewpoint. Despite recent improvements in patient care, PM typically carries a poor outcome, especially in advanced stages. Therefore, a timely and effective diagnosis taking advantage of currently available imaging techniques is essential to perform an accurate staging and dictate the most appropriate treatment strategy. Our aim is to provide a brief, but exhaustive and up-to-date overview of the role of multimodal medical imaging in the management of PM.
An in-depth characterization of the Habitat of Thelypteris interrupta in South Korea
Authors: Lim Jeong-Cheol , Yang Ju-Eun , Lee Gyeong-Yeon , Choi Byoung-Ki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThe Deonggae coast on Jeju Island is a unique habitat that has not yet been studied from an ecological management or conservation perspective, despite its importance as the northernmost habitat of subtropical plants in Asia and the sole habitat of an endangered fern,Thelypteris interrupta, in Korea. To provide insights into this habitat’s systematic management, we comprehensively characterized its abiotic and biotic components.MethodsOur study found two distinct plant communities (Persicaria japonica-Thelypteris interruptaandThelypteris interrupta-Phragmites australis), driven by their respective microhabitats and influenced by soil inundation frequency, water depth, and salinity. We examined the phytosociological similarities and habitat characteristics of these two communities.ResultsThelypteris interruptacould be distributed in the northernmost part of the Deonggae coast due to its greater heat preference. However, this limits its spread toward polar regions. We suggested minimizing the transformation of wetlands into terrestrial habitats by reducing the introduction of external soils and establishing ecological continuity with neighboring ecosystems while educating visitors about the area’s ecology as two habitat conservation practices.ConclusionThe Deonggae coast is a natural wetland with a high conservation value as a habitat for endangered wildlife and a refuge for opportunistic species under the influence of climate change.
Astrocytic Extracellular Vesicles Regulated by Microglial Inflammatory Responses Improve Stroke Recovery
Authors: Kijima Chikage , Inaba Toshiki , Hira Kenichiro , Miyamoto Nobukazu , Yamashiro Kazuo , Urabe Takao , Hattori Nobutaka , Ueno Yuji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere are no effective treatments for post-stroke glial scar formation, which inhibits axonal outgrowth and functional recovery after stroke. We investigated whether astrocytic extracellular vesicles (AEVs) regulated by microglia modulate glial scars and improve stroke recovery. We found that peri-infarct glial scars comprised reactive astrocytes with proliferating C3d and decreased S100A10 expression in chronic stroke. In cultured astrocytes, microglia-conditioned media and treatment with P2Y1 receptor antagonists increased and reduced the area of S100A10- and C3d-expressing reactive astrocytes, respectively, by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κB)/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interleukin-1β signaling after oxygen–glucose deprivation. Intracerebral administrations of AEVs enriched miR-146a-5p, downregulated NF-κB, and suppressed TNF-α expressions, by transforming reactive astrocytes to those with S100A10 preponderance, causing functional recovery in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Modulating neuroinflammation in post-stroke glial scars could permit axonal outgrowth, thus providing a basis for stroke recovery with neuroprotective AEVs.
A Dual-Species Atom Interferometer Payload for Operation on Sounding Rockets
Authors: Elsen Michael , Piest Baptist , Adam Fabian , Anton Oliver , Arciszewski Paweł , Bartosch Wolfgang , Becker Dennis , Bleeke Kai , Böhm Jonas , Boles Sören , Döringshoff Klaus , Guggilam Priyanka , Hellmig Ortwin , Imwalle Isabell , Kanthak Simon , Kürbis Christian , Koch Matthias , Lachmann Maike Diana , Mihm Moritz , Müntinga Hauke , Nepal Ayush Mani , Oberschulte Tim , Ohr Peter , Papakonstantinou Alexandros , Prat Arnau , Reichelt Christian , Sommer Jan , Spindeldreier Christian , Warner Marvin , Wendrich Thijs , Wenzlawski André , Blume Holger , Braxmaier Claus , Lüdtke Daniel , Peters Achim , Rasel Ernst Maria , Sengstock Klaus , Wicht Andreas , Windpassinger Patrick , Grosse Jens 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report on the design and the construction of a sounding rocket payload capable of performing atom interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates of$$^{41}$$41K and$$^{87}$$87Rb. The apparatus is designed to be launched in two consecutive missions with a VSB-30 sounding rocket and is qualified to withstand the expected vibrational loads of 1.8 g root-mean-square in a frequency range between 20–2000 Hz and the expected static loads during ascent and re-entry of 25 g. We present a modular design of the scientific payload comprising a physics package, a laser system, an electronics system and a battery module. A dedicated on-board software provides a largely automated process of predefined experiments. To operate the payload safely in laboratory and flight mode, a thermal control system and ground support equipment has been implemented and will be presented. The payload presented here represents a cornerstone for future applications of matter wave interferometry with ultracold atoms on satellites.
Modeling vadose zone hydrological processes in naturally occurring piezometric depressions: the Chari-Baguirmi region, southeastern of the Lake Chad Basin, Republic of Chad
Authors: Salehi Siavashani Nafiseh , Valdés-Abellán Javier , Do Fréderic , Jiménez-Martínez Joaquín , Elorza F. Javier , Candela Lucila , Serrat-Capdevila Aleix 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Chari-Baguirmi region, southeastern of the Lake Chad (Africa), has a wide naturally occurring piezometric depression with values deeper than the expected regional groundwater level. To date, the most widely accepted hypotheses to explain its origin and dynamics are based on lack of rainwater infiltration and exfiltration processes. The code HYDRUS-1D is applied to numerically simulate the hydrological flow processes along the unsaturated zone in two soil profiles located in the central part and on the boundary of this piezometric depression under bare and vegetated soil coverage. The simulated time period is 2004–2015 with 715 mm annual rainfall average. The computed recharge with respect to total precipitation accounts for 21% on the boundary and 12% in the central part, which is limited by thick silty low permeability layer on the top surface. Considering modelling uncertainty and limitations under the simulated climatic conditions, the rainfall effect is observed only at upper soil layers, which leads to low aquifer recharge, while the upward water flux causing water table evaporation is very low. Past climate conditions, capable of developing a drying front to reach the water table after thousands of years of drying and geological structural constraints, may explain the current depressed area.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Matching the Extent of Surgery with Pathology or Does the Extent of Surgery Matter?
Authors: Blauwblomme Manon , Gevaert Philippe , Van Zele Thibaut 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on the extensiveness of surgery in patients with diffuse type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Recent Findings
There is currently no consensus on the role of the extent of sinus surgery in disease control and definitions of surgical terms in diffuse type 2 CRS. Several suggestions have been made to quantify the extent of surgery or standardize the description of surgical interventions.

Summary
The extent of surgery in CRS depends potentially on the severity of disease and the type of underlying inflammation. A variety of extended endoscopic procedures can be used in the management of primary diffuse bilateral type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis; however, long-term follow-up results and clear definitions of complete surgery are lacking in the current literature.
Belonging Exacerbates the Relations Between Racial Climate Stress and Physiological Dysregulation
Authors: Doan Stacey N. , Davis Alicia S. , Lazarus Molly , Poudel Akriti , Tran Phil , Clark Natalie , Fuller-Rowell Thomas E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Belonging is often considered a buffer against the physical and emotional consequences of discrimination and racial climate stress Youth Soc. 48(5):649–72, 2016. However, recent research suggests that feelings of belonging toward an institution can be detrimental when an individual feels discriminated against by the same institution to which one feels a sense of connection J Behav Med. 44(4):571–8, 2021. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of institutional belonging in the relationship between racial climate stress and health, as indexed by allostatic load (AL), a multi-system indicator of physiological dysregulation.

Methods
In a sample of Black and White college students (N = 150; White = 82; Black = 68), self-reported racial climate stress, institutional belonging, and various demographic variables were collected. An AL composite was also collected, comprised of six biological measures of the SAM system, HPA axis, cardiovascular system, and metabolic system. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between these variables.

Results
Results demonstrated no main effect of racial climate stress on AL but did show a significant interaction between racial climate stress and belonging, such that the positive relationship between racial climate stress and AL was significant only for those who also felt high levels of institutional belonging (βint = .05, p = .006, 95% CI = 0.01 – 0.08).

Conclusions
Feeling a sense of belonging may have negative physiological consequences for those who experience racial climate stress in a college setting.