bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of contact lens wearing on corneal sensitivity and reflex functions
Authors: Pastor‐Zaplana José Ángel , Gallar Juana , Acosta M. Carmen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To study the effects of contact lens (CL) use on corneal sensory nerve activity, exploring corneal sensitivity and ocular functions regulated by sensory input in asymptomatic (CL‐A) and symptomatic (CL‐S) CL wearers.Methods: CL wearers (23.8 ± 1.0 years; n = 31) participating in the study were classified as CL‐S when OSDI ≥13. Sex and age eye glasses (EG) users (24.5 ± 0.8 years, n = 29) participated as control group. Corneal mechanical, chemical and cold sensitivity was explored using a gas esthesiometer and 4°C‐saline drops; intensity, irritation and cold components of the evoked sensation were measured with Visual Analogue Scales (VASs). Tear volume (with phenol red threads), tear stability (TBUT), basal blinking frequency (BF), ocular surface temperature (OST; by IR thermography) were also assessed.Results: CL wearers scored higher irritation VAS values than EG wearers for mechanical (2.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.4 for 160 ml/min air flow, CL vs EG, p = 0.09) and chemical stimuli (1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3 for 40% CO2, p < 0.05), and lower intensity values for cold stimulation (2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 4.5 ± 0.7, p < 0.05); tear volume was similar (27.0 ± 2.2 vs. 27.2 ± 1.6 mm), TBUT lower (8.3 ± 0.5 vs. 11.7 ± 0.5 s, p < 0.001), BF was higher (25.1 ± 2.4 vs. 14.3 ± 1.9 blinks/min, p < 0.001), and OST was lower (34.4 ± 0.2 vs. 35.2 ± 0.2°C, p < 0.01). VAS values for cold stimulation was slightly lower in CL‐S than in CL‐A (2.0 ± 0.4 vs. 4.0 ± 0.8, p = 0.06), while OST was higher (35.0 ± 0.2 vs. 33.9 ± 0.3°C, p < 0.01).Conclusions: CL wearing affects corneal sensory nerve functions, changing corneal sensitivity, blinking rate, tearing stability, and OST. The changes found in corneal sensitivity fully agree with those described in neural activity of corneal sensory nerves after injury or inflammation using animal models: sensitization of corneal nociceptors and inhibition of cold thermoreceptors. The differences between CL‐S and CL‐A wearers could be due to the presence of subclinical ocular surface inflammation in symptomatic subjects.
Correlation between inflammatory profile in aqueous humour in patients who underwent cataract surgery using two techniques and cataract degree
Authors: Iranzo Guillermo Rodríguez , López Ester Fernández , Revert María José Roig , Martínez Cristina Peris 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Cataract surgery is one of the most usual type of intervention worldwide. Thanks to the improvement of technology and investigation this kind of surgery has reached a very high success rate. Studies have compared laser and conventional techniques in terms of inflammation, but there are also other variables which can influence the final result, such as cataract degree, age or diabetes. The purpose of this study is to establish the influence of cataract degree in the inflammatory profile of the aqueous humour.Methods: The parameters determined in aqueous humour to compare both groups were interleukins (IL) 6 and 8 and cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Samples of aqueous humour were obtained during cataract surgery, before the lens was extracted and were analysed through Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Two study groups were established: femtosecond group (75 samples of aqueous humour from 75 patients) and manual group (54 samples of aqueous humour from 54 patients). Once this classification was made, the non‐parametric statistics of the median, Kolmogorov–Smirnov and the Mann–Whitney test were calculated to verify whether the degree of cataract influenced the inflammatory profile of aqueous humour.Results: No significative differences were noticed between the two types of cataract degrees, early and advanced and their inflammatory reaction to surgery, although there is a slight tendency in IL6 and IL8 to increase their concentrations in advanced cataracts. On the other hand, the opposite happens with the concentration of TNFα that diminishes in advanced cataracts.Conclusions: The inflammatory profile of aqueous humour can be affected by the type of surgery performed (femtosecond or manual surgery) but also by other variables such as age, diabetes or cataract degree. Regarding the last one, cataract itself can modulate ocular inflammation as there was a tendency in IL6 and IL8 to increase in advanced cataracts. Besides that, the decrease in TNFα aqueous humour concentrations in advanced cataracts may be due to a physiological attempt to restore basal cytokine levels.
Re‐audit of the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management of patients with diabetes undergoing cataract surgery within the National Health Services (NHS), United Kingdom (UK)
Authors: Mak Sammie , Jain Arpita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Diabetes is a known risk factor of cataracts1. Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of macular oedema post‐cataract surgery, which can lead to poorer visual outcomes1. 9 months ago, an audit was conducted on the management of diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery at Rochdale Eye Unit, United Kingdom. Recommendations following this included fundus examination with optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan to be part of preoperative assessment for this set of patients. Intraoperative steroid injections and postoperative topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) should be given as a standard, to reduce the incidence of diabetic macular oedema (DMO). A re‐audit aimed to assess implementation of changes in this subgroup of patients to standardize care and minimize risk of complications.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 45 cataract surgeries performed in diabetic patients between January to April 2022 was conducted. Electronic records and Heidelberg OCT macula scans were accessed.Results: 23 out of 45 patients (51.1%) had preoperative OCT, compared to 34.8% in cycle 1. No useful information could be obtained on pre‐ and postoperative OCT as few patients (13.3%) had both, which was the case in cycle 1 (17.4%). Out of 45 patients, 4 (8.9%) had intraoperative steroids given, reduced from 22% in cycle 1, and 35 (77.9%) received postoperative NSAID eyedrops, which was comparable to cycle 1 (78%). Eight patients (17.8%) had postoperative OCT, compared to 22% in cycle 1.Conclusions: This 2nd cycle of the audit demonstrated an improvement in preoperative assessment of the macula and consistency in prescription of postoperative NSAID to diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery. There has been a reduction in both use of intraoperative steroids and postoperative assessment of the macula. In order to implement the recommendations more effectively for the use of periocular steroid injections, stricter and more robust protocols will be discussed within the department and a short re‐audit planned within the next 3 months.Reference1. Zhang R, Dong L, Yang Q, Liu Y, Li H, Zhou W et al. Prophylactic interventions for preventing macular edema after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. eClinicalMedicine. 2022;49:101463.
Clinical features and multimodal imaging findings in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma
Authors: Cherif Faten , Nesrine Abroug , Yassine Belguith , Mohamed Jeribi , Attia Sonia , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe clinical features and multimodal imaging findings in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL).Methods: Medical records and imaging findings of 4 patients (4 eyes) diagnosed with PVRL were retrospectively reviewed. Detailed ophthalmic examination, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were analysed in all patients. All patients underwent vitreous biopsy for diagnosis confirmation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in all cases.Results: There were 2 women and 2 male patients with a mean age of 68.75 years. Visual blurring was the presenting symptom in all patients (100%). Clinical findings at presentation included vitritis in 4 eyes (100%), vitreous clumps in 2 eyes (50%), subretinal deposits in 3 eyes (75%) and exudative retinal detachment in one eye (25%). FAF showed granular hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence lesions in 3 eyes (75%) and blockage by mass lesion was seen in 1 eye. The most common pattern on FA was hypofluorescent lesions with a “leopard spot” appearance (75%). OCT revealed hyperreflective sub retinal lesions between retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane with an undulating shape (seasick sign) in 3 eyes (75%) and epiretinal membrane in one eye. OCTA showed areas of decreased signal on choriocapillaris slab in 2 eyes (50%). MRI of the globes and brain showed no abnormality in all cases. Vitreous cytology revealed atypical mononuclear cells consisting with the diagnosis of PVRL in all cases. The patients were referred to oncology unit.Conclusions: The diagnosis of PVRL is challenging. Multimodal imaging provides novel insights into features of PVRL.
Histopathological findings of anterior lens capsule in paediatric cataract patients
Authors: Kızıltunç Pınar Bingöl , Özer Ferhad , İnanç İrem , Can Belgin , Atilla Huban 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the histopathological findings of the anterior lens capsule in patients with paediatric cataracts.Methods: This study is a prospective interventional study. Anterior capsule tissue samples which were obtained by anterior capsulotomy method during phaco surgery were fixed in 0.1 M phosphate buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde at +4°C for 2–4 h and after passing through other stages, thin sections were taken and stained. It was then examined and visualized under HITACHI HT7800 transmission electron microscope.Results: Twenty‐three eyes of 19 patients were included. Three patients had unilateral cataract and remaining 16 had bilateral cataract. Four patients had concomitant systemic disease including hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia and Down syndrome. Except for one patient, common findings were single‐layered epithelium under the capsule, degenerated organelles with round‐oval and prismatic‐oval nuclei in some regions, enlarged mitochondria and heterochromatin cells. In the case with cerebral palsy, unlike the normal lens structure, collagen fibrils of the connective tissue and fibroblast‐like cells were observed in the epithelial area that should be located under the capsule, in both eyes. Disorganized distribution of collagen fibrils and vacuole structures in the cytoplasm of fibroblast‐like cells were observed.Conclusions: Similar histopathological findings were found in paediatric cataracts with or without systemic disease. Due to the presence of increased inflammation and gliosis in cerebral palsy, the absence of lens epithelium may have developed as a result of degeneration in this patient. The absence of lens epithelium and inflammation are thought to play a role in the development of dense subcapsular fibrosis.
Studies on intraocular transplantation of pancreatic cells in a large‐eyed preclinical animal model
Authors: Melin Yesenia Ortega , van Krieken Pim , Dicker Andrea , Berggren Per‐Olof , Kvanta Anders , Andre Helder 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) to the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) has been shown to correct hyperglycemia and restore/improve glycemic control in rodents and non‐human primates. These studies also suggested that the eye may be in several ways a superior host site compared to the conventional hepatic portal system. In order to bring this technology to the clinic, it is essential to establish a large‐eyed non‐primate transplantation model. This proposal aims at establishing a rabbit ACE model of allogeneic PIT. We expect to gain insight into isolated islets function as well as ACE grafting efficiency and histological morphology in the large‐eyed rabbit model.Methods: Pancreatic islets (PI) were isolated from Dutch Belted rabbits by injection of collagenase A into the pancreatic interstitium, digestion and hand picking under a stereo microscope. PI were cultured in RPMI medium overnight in a standard tissue culture incubator prior to assessment of purity. In vitro functional capacity of rabbit PI was assessed by glucose‐stimulated insulin release and intracellular Ca2+ imaging assays. PI were injected into the ACE an allogenic Dutch Belted rabbit using surgical procedures routinely applied in ophthalmology. PI engraftment and cellular content was analysed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) and immunohistofluorescence (IHF).Results: Isolated PI were of high purity with an approximate yield of 600–800 islets per pancreas. Preliminary results of functional capacity demonstrate that islets are responsive to high glucose stimulus, despite some variability. Allogeneic transplantation of isolated PI into the ACE of a Dutch Belted rabbit was followed by ASOCT. Engraftment was confirmed by IHF for vimentin. IHF suggests ACE engrafted islets are viable and maintain alpha, beta and delta cells.Conclusions: The presented isolation method renders high purity and functional rabbit PI. Allogeneic transplantation of PI into the ACE was successful using clinically relevant procedures and resulted in islets engraftment and long‐term survival. These results may have implications for the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus, particularly regarding patients with indications for PIT.
Preoperative noninvasive screening of dry eye in patients scheduled for cataract surgery
Authors: Vaccaro Sabrina , Scalzo Giovanna Carnovale , Rossi Costanza , Borselli Massimiliano , Mancini Alessandra , Lionetti Giovanna , Fratto Benedetta , Bianchi Pietro , Scalia Giovanni , Scorcia Vincenzo , Giannaccare Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the rate of dry eye via noninvasive ocular surface screening in patients scheduled for senile cataract surgery.Methods: Non‐invasive objective evaluation of ocular surface was performed in the eye undergoing cataract surgery by means of Keratograph 5 M (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) for the evaluation of: (i) tear menis‐cus height (TMH); (ii) non‐invasive break‐up time (NIBUT‐first). Subjective evaluation of ocular dis‐comfort symptoms was carried out by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire.Results: Thirty‐seven eyes of 37 patients (22 males and 15 females; mean age 73.68 ± 7.35 years) were ana‐lyzed. Of these, 28 eyes (75.67% of total) had altered values of NIBUT‐first and OSDI questionnaire (respectively 4.35 ± 2.74 s and 25.82 ± 17.29) but normal TMH values (0.40 ± 0.21); 4 eyes (10.81%) showed pathological values of OSDI score (35.75 ± 11.32) but normal values of TMH and NIBUT (respectively 0.46 ± 0.16 mm and 16.27 ± 5.33 s); 5 eyes (13.51%) had normal values of TMH, NIBUT and OSDI (respectively 0.48 ± 0.14, 11.28 ± 2.98, and 10.6 ± 3.13).Conclusions: A fast and noninvasive screening of dry eye in patients undergoing cataract surgery showed that about three‐fourth of these patients had altered tear film stability and ocular discomfort symptoms. A prompt and customized treatment is needed in these patients preoperatively in order to optimize the surgical outcomes.
Macular choroidal thickness: A valid biomarker in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Ibáñez Marta Cerdà ‐ , Mora José Miguel Vilaplana , Domínguez Laura Manfreda , Duch‐Samper Antonio M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To analyse if there are retina microvascular changes and choroidal thickness changes correlate with the degree of disability among patients with sclerosis multiple (MS) disease during a year.Methods: It was analysed the vascular changes (choroidal thickness and vascular macular plexuses) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in multiple sclerosis (MS) according to the degree of disability measured by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) in 1 year prospective study. Patients were divided into two groups: low disability group (EDSS score ≤ 3) and high disability group (EDSS > 3). Anatomical parameters and duration of the course disease was also analysed. Any subject has neuritis history and patients were divided depend on the type of MS: relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS).Results: Anatomical parameters were thinner in patients with the highest degree of disability and in patients with PPMS. Macular choroidal thickness (MCT) showed a significant decrease in the group which had moderate–severe disability. Retinal vascular macular plexuses showed no difference according to the EDSS score or type of MS.Conclusions: Patients with a clinical worsening of their MS at 1 year showed a significant decrease in macular choroidal thickness compared to their baseline situation.
Psychometrics properties of a new scale to evaluate the impact of dry eye on daily life and the patient satisfaction using eye drops
Authors: Duracinsky Martin , Chassany Olivier , Gryparis Alexandros , Bodeveix Alice 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Dry eye disease (DED) impacts quality of life. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Dry Eye questionnaire (DEQ‐5) are 2 frequently used tools. OSDI is psychometrically sound but its 12 items do not cover all the patient experience. Validity of DEQ‐5 is questioned and the 1‐month recall period may introduce a memorization bias1. Aim of this study was to check the psychometrics properties of a new scale capturing a wider picture of patient perception.Methods: Baseline data were from the TEARS cohort of 312 DED patients (Spain and UK) treated by a combination of sodium hyaluronate + trehalose. Apart of OSDI, DEQ‐5, and a global satisfaction, patients completed new questions (9 on impact of dry eye and 10 on satisfaction with eye drops) identified through a literature review and expert committee. These 19 items have a 4–5‐point Likert answers, and recall period is the last 3 days.Results: Mean age of patients was 57.9 ± 15.2 years, 82.4% were women. Iterative factorial analyses were performed. 4 items were deleted (high inter‐item correlation, or no factor loading). A 4‐factor structure was found robust, ranked by their cumulative variance, and named by their content analysis: 1/DED impact on daily activities (n = 6); 2/perception of relief/being comfortable/duration with eye drops (n = 4); 3/DED impact on mood/sleep (n = 3); 4/easiness with eyes drops (n = 2). Reliability of the dimensions was confirmed by Cronbach alpha ranging from 0.67 to 0.86. Scores were calculated (range: 0–100 worst), e.g. 35.8 ± 20.6 for global score. Logical correlations between the 4 dimensions and OSDI, DEQ‐5 and global satisfaction ranged from 0.088 (Easiness vs OSDI) and 0.715 (impact on daily activities vs DEQ‐5). Correlation between global score versus OSDI was 0.440. 4 of the 5 DEQ‐5 items were highly inter‐correlated (>0.8) challenging its validity.Conclusions: This 15‐item 4‐dimension scale has robust psychometrics properties. The next step is to quantify its responsiveness to change.Reference1. Okumura Y, Inomata T, Iwata N, Sung J, Fujimoto K, Fujio K, Midorikawa‐Inomata A, Miura M, Akasaki Y, Murakami A. A Review of Dry Eye Questionnaires: Measuring Patient‐Reported Outcomes and Health‐Related Quality of Life. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(8):559.
Comparative analysis of posterior cornea between hydrops in keratoconus and Haab's striae in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Mandal Sohini , Singh Abhishek , Sen Seema , Titiyal Jeewan , Gupta Shikha , Gupta Viney 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: More eyes with keratoconus (KC) require keratoplasty after hydrops when compared to those after haab striae in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). To compare descemet's membrane (DM) tear morphology in KC and PCG eyes using ASOCT and histopathology.Methods: ASOCT of KC eyes with hydrops (n = 12) and PCG eyes with Haab's striae (n = 15) were evaluated and compared with healthy eyes (n = 14) for descemet's membrane/ pre‐descemet's layer (DM‐PDL) morphology. These features were also assessed on histopathology of corneal button obtained from KC eyes (n = 14) and PCG (n = 13) after keratoplasty and compared with control tissues (retinoblastoma not involving cornea, n = 6) on light microscopy and immunostaining.Results: ASOCT showed thinner DM‐PDL in KC eyes(47.1 ± 25.5 μ) than that of PCG (77.2 ± 26.2 μ) (p = 0.01) inside areas of healed hydrops/ Haab's striae. DM‐PDL detachment was seen in 90% of KC eyes and 26% of PCG eyes. The height and angle of DM‐PDL detachment of KC eyes was more than that of PCG eyes. Similar to ASOCT findings, histopathology showed thinner DM‐PDL in KC eyes (62.6 ± 57.3 μ) compared to PCG (80.3 ± 78.7 μ) inside areas of healed hydrops/ Haab's striae but thicker than that of controls (32.6 ± 7.8 μ) (p‐0.01).Conclusions: Lesser fibroproliferative response and greater height of detachment ensure a poor healing after acute DM/ PDL tears in KC. This differential response of the posterior cornea may be responsible for greater need for keratoplasty in KC versus in PCG.
Ex vivo models of corneal epithelial regeneration in bioreactor: Respective roles of limbal, conjunctival and corneal epithelia
Authors: He Zhiguo , Perrache Chantal , Poinard Sylvain , Forest Fabien , Aouimeur Inès , Coulomb Louise , Moussa Olfa Ben , Vaitinadapoule Hanielle , Peyret Benjamin , Cortez Oliver Dorado , Sagnial Tomy , Mentek Marielle , Crouzet Emmanuel , Urbaniak Sébastien , Papillon Jean‐Marie , Maurin Corantin , Ninotta Sandrine , Mascarelli Frederic , Gain Philippe , Thuret Gilles 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The corneas preserved in bioreactor (BR) had been shown to have not only a better endothelial viability, but also a more differentiated and stratified epithelium than corneas preserved in organoculture. Purpose: By using BR, we would analyse the respective contribution of corneal (C), limbal (L), and conjunctival (Conj) epithelia in corneal epithelial regeneration.Methods: Five pairs of corneas from body donation to Science were used with a death‐to‐collection time < 20 h. A 3‐ to 5‐mm‐wide conjunctival flange was kept intact. Five patterns were set up by fully mechanical removal of 1, 2, or 3 epithelia: C‐L + Conj+, C‐L‐Conj+, C‐L + Conj‐, C + L‐Conj‐, C‐L‐Conj‐ (control) n = 2 for each pattern. The limbus was destroyed by scraping and thermocoagulation. Corneas were then kept in BR (21 mmHg, 2.5 μl/min of Corneamax Eurobio, 31°C) for 3 weeks to allow epithelial regeneration. The epithelium was then analysed using immunofluorescence (IF) on flat mounted cornea by targeting CK12 (corneal epithelium) and CK15 (limbal epithelium). Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Corneal transparency was quantified using a transparometer.Results: No epithelium was reconstituted in the controls. In the other 4 models including the C‐L‐Conj+ group, the cornea was transparent and covered by a pluristratified corneal epithelium, characterized by CK12 expression.Conclusions: In this BR model, conjunctival epithelial cells allowed the regeneration of a typical corneal epithelium in model C‐L‐Conj+. The corneal epithelium can also migrate to the limbus and conjunctiva. We hypothesize that all 3 ocular surface epithelia (including the conj) contain stem cells or progenitors capable of migrating throughout the cornea and restoring the corneal epithelium independently of each other. The main difference between our ex vivo model and in vivo situation is absence of neovascularization. This suggests that the main cause of limbic insufficiency is due to the loss of the anti‐angiogenic barrier rather than the loss of limbic stem cells.