bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of Star Fruit Extract against Vibrio cholera Isolated from Tuna Fish
Authors: Sugitha I. Made , Wartini Ni Made , Sitompul M. L. R. Yemima 
Published: June 2023

Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol concentration and extraction temperature on the characteristics of star fruit extract, that content of bio active, compounds (polyphenol, flavonoid, alkaloids, saponin, and tannin of star fruit) can inhibit bacterial activity as a preservative for tuna.
Study Design: This research was carried out in 2 stages, namely: (1) determine the ethanol concentration and temperature to produce the best extract and (2) determine the antibacterial power of the extract against Vibrio cholera - BSFIL Randomized block design (RBD) with two factors, namely 1 (ethanol concentration 96% and 70%) and 2 (temperature extraction 30ºC, 40ºC and 50ºC. and analysis of variance with Tukey’s honestly significant difference was used to analyze the data.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted at Food Technology laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Udayana University on November – April 2022.
Results: The best quality (P=0.05) of star fruit extract by 96% ethanol at 30ºC, such as: yield (77%), total flavonoid (7.10%), total tannin (0.914 mg QE /g), total acids (34.24%). and with a concentration of 80% the extract was able to inhibit the growth of Vibrio cholera (VC-BSFIL) with very strong criteria (inhibition zone diameter: 20.78 mm).
Seed Priming with H2O2 Confers Better Yield in Mungbean by Ameliorating the Harmful Effect of Saline– Alkaline Stress
Authors: Ranjan Deepika , Kumar Shailesh , Mishra Sweta , Sherpa Dayanji , Kumari Shikha 
Published: June 2023

High salt concentrations and high pH occur simultaneously in nature, however, presently most of the studies have mainly focused on only salinity, the research on salt-alkali combined stress are comparatively very limited. Hydrogen peroxide is an important signaling molecule. However, the role of exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under saline–alkaline stress is not known. The main objectives of present study was to assess role of exogenously applied H2O2 as seed priming in mitigating the harmful effect of saline–alkaline stress on differentially tolerant mungbean genotypes (TMB-37 and MH-1314). Saline-alkaline stress significantly decreased the chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content (RWC) and yield while enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and antioxidant enzyme activity in root and leaf samples of both mungbean cultivars. Seeds priming were done with 0.01% H2O2 and distilled water. Seed priming with 0.01% H2O2 significantly improved the yield and yield attributes along with increment in leaf chlorophyll content, RWC as well as accumulation of osmolytes. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, viz., SOD, CAT and POX were also significantly increased in both mungbean genotypes and especially the CAT activity both in root and leaf tissue. However, relatively higher improvement was observed in genotype TMB-37. In conclusion, exogenously applied 0.01% H2O2 improved the saline–alkaline tolerance, which was reflected in terms of enhanced photosynthetic pigments, RWC, proline accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity of root as well shoot tissues and yield.
Association of Mandatory Warning Signs for Cannabis Use During Pregnancy With Cannabis Use Beliefs and Behaviors
Authors: Roberts Sarah C. M. , Zaugg Claudia , Biggs M. Antonia 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceAs states have legalized recreational cannabis use, some have enacted policies mandating point-of-sale warning signs with information on harms of using cannabis during pregnancy. While research has found such warning signs are associated with increased adverse birth outcomes, reasons why are unclear.ObjectiveTo examine whether exposure to cannabis warning signs is associated with cannabis-related beliefs, stigma, and use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from a population-based online survey conducted from May to June 2022. Participants included pregnant and recently pregnant (within past 2 years) members of the national probability KnowledgePanel and nonprobability samples in all US states and Washington, the District of Columbia, where recreational cannabis is legal. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to April 2023.ExposureLiving in 1 of 5 states with a warning signs policy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were self-reported beliefs (linear) that cannabis use during pregnancy is not safe, should be punished, and is stigmatized and cannabis use during pregnancy (dichotomous). Regressions, accounting for survey weights and clustering by state, examined associations of warning signs with cannabis-related beliefs and use.ResultsA total of 2063 pregnant or recently pregnant people (mean [SD] weighted age, 32 [6] years) completed the survey, and 585 participants (weighted, 17%) reported using cannabis during their pregnancy. Among people who used cannabis during their pregnancy, living in a warning signs state was associated with beliefs that cannabis use during pregnancy was safe (β = −0.33 [95% CI, −0.60 to −0.07]) and that people who used cannabis during pregnancy should not be punished (β = −0.40 [95% CI, −0.73 to −0.07]). Among people who did not use cannabis before or during pregnancy, living in a warning signs state was associated with beliefs that use was not safe (β = 0.34 [95% CI, 0.17 to 0.51]), that people should be punished for use (β = 0.35 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.47]), and that use was stigmatized (β = 0.35 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.63]). Warning signs policies were not associated with use (adjusted odds ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.22 to 5.67]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of warning signs and cannabis-related use and beliefs, warning signs policies were not associated with reduced cannabis use during pregnancy or with people who used cannabis believing use during pregnancy was less safe but were associated with greater support for punishment and stigma among people who did not use cannabis.
Assessment of Commercial and Mandatory Discounts in the Gross-to-Net Bubble for the Top Insulin Products From 2012 to 2019
Authors: Dickson Sean R. , Gabriel Nico , Gellad Walid F. , Hernandez Inmaculada 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceInsulin list prices have grown substantially since 2010, but net prices have declined since 2015 because of manufacturer discounts, leading to an increasingly large difference between list and net prices of drugs often called the gross-to-net bubble. It remains unclear to what extent the gross-to-net bubble represents voluntary manufacturer discounts negotiated in commercial and Medicare Part D markets (hereafter called commercial discounts) vs mandatory discounts under the Medicare Part D coverage gap, Medicaid, and the 340B program.ObjectiveTo decompose the overall gross-to-net bubble of leading insulin products into discount types.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis economic evaluation obtained data from Medicare and Medicaid claims and spending dashboards, Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File, and SSR Health for the top 4 commonly used insulin products: Lantus, Levemir, Humalog, and Novolog. The gross-to-net bubble, which represents total discounts, was estimated for each insulin product and year (from 2012 to 2019). Analyses were conducted in June to December 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe gross-to-net bubble was decomposed into 4 discount types: (1) Medicare Part D coverage gap discounts, (2) Medicaid discounts, (3) 340B discounts, and (4) commercial discounts. Coverage gap discounts were estimated using Medicare Part D claims data. Medicaid and 340B discounts were estimated using a novel algorithm that accounted for best prices set by commercial discounts.ResultsTotal discounts for the 4 insulin products increased from $4.9 billion to $22.0 billion. Commercial discounts represented a majority of all discounts, increasing from 71.7% of the gross-to-net bubble in 2012 ($3.5 billion) to 74.3% ($16.4 billion) in 2019. Among mandatory discounts, coverage gap discounts remained relatively consistent as a proportion of discounts (5.4% in 2012 vs 5.3% in 2019). Medicaid rebates decreased as a proportion of total discounts, from 19.7% in 2012 to 10.6% in 2019. The 340B discounts increased as a proportion of total discounts from 3.3% in 2012 to 9.8% in 2019. Results for the contribution of discount types to the gross-to-net bubble were consistent across insulin products.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of a decomposition of the gross-to-net bubble for leading insulin products suggest that commercial discounts play a growing role in lowering net sales compared with mandatory discounts.
Environmentally Adaptive Polymer Hydrogels: Maintaining Wet‐Soft Features in Extreme Conditions
Authors: Lei Kun , Chen Meijun , Guo Pengshan , Fang Junjun , Zhang Jianbo , Liu Xin , Wang Weiyi , Li Yashi , Hu Zhigang , Ma Yujin , Jiang Hongwei , Cui Jingqiang , Li Jinghua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrogels have been widely explored to adapt to different application circumstances. As typical wet‐soft materials, the high‐water content of hydrogels is beneficial to their wide biomedical applications. Moreover, hydrogels have been displaying considerable application potential in some high‐tech areas, like brain‐computer interface, intelligent actuator, flexible sensor, etc. However, traditional hydrogel is susceptive to freezing below zero, dehydration, performance swelling‐induced deformation, and suffers from mechanical damage in extremely mechanical environments, which result in the loss of wet‐soft peculiarities (e.g., flexibility, structure integrity, transparency), greatly limiting their applications. Therefore, reducing the freezing point, improving the dehydration/solution resistance, and designing mechanical adaptability are effective strategies to endow hydrogels with the extreme environmental adaptability, thus broadening their application fields. This review systematically summarizes research advances of environmentally adaptive hydrogels (EAHs), comprising anti‐freezing, dehydration‐resistant, acid/base/swelling deformation‐resistant, and mechanical environment adaptive hydrogels (MEAHs). Firstly, fabrication methods are presented, including the deep eutectic solvent/ionic liquid substituent, the addition of salts, organogel, polymer network modification, and double network (DN) complex/nanocomposite strategy, etc. Meanwhile, the features of different approaches are overviewed. The mechanisms, properties, and applications (e.g., intelligent actuator, wound dressing, flexible sensor) of EAHs are demonstrated. Finally, the issues and future perspectives for EAHs’ researches are demonstrated.
Quasi‐Zero Volume Strain Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Battery through Synergetic Substitution Effect of Li and Mg
Authors: Shen Ming‐Yuan , Wang Jing‐Song , Ren Zhouhong , Wu Tao , Liu Xi , Chen Liwei , Li Wen‐Cui , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractP2‐type layered oxide material Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is a competitive candidate for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, it suffers from the strong P2–O2 phase transition during charging to the high voltage regime, rendering drastic volume variations and poor cycling performance. Here, a Quasi‐zero strain P2‐Na0.75Li0.15Mg0.05Ni0.1Mn0.7O2 cathode is synthesized, which reflects the vanishing P2–O2 transition with a volume change as low as 0.49%, thus resulting in the material an excellent cycling performance (83.9% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 5 C). The low‐volume strain can be attributed to two aspects: (1) the Mg2+ riveted in the Na layer can act as a “pillar” to stabilize the crystal structure under the condition of sodium removal, thus restricting the structural changes under high voltage. (2) The entry of Li+ into the transition metal (TM) layer can mitigate the electron localization in the highly desodiation state and can effectively immobilize the coordination oxygen atoms, thus suppressing the slip of P2–O2 transition. This study not only provides a new insight of Li and Mg synergetic substitution effect on the structural stability of P2‐type cathode, but also an efficient avenue for developing cathode materials of SIBs with ultralow bulk strain.
A Conformable and Tough Janus Adhesive Patch with Limited 1D Swelling Behavior for Internal Bioadhesion
Authors: Chen Kai , Liu Chenyu , Huang Jinghuan , Che Lingbin , Yuan Yuan , Liu Changsheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdvanced bioadhesion techniques have offered unprecedented opportunities for life‐saving internal surgical procedures. However, most existing bioadhesives failed to rapidly establish long‐lasting reliable biointerface and effectively reconstruct normal physiological function in the body fluid‐rich and inevitable dynamic internal environment. Herein, a PEGylated poly(glycerol sebacate)‐based Janus adhesive patch (PEGS‐based JAP) is developed by integrating physically crosslinked guanidinylated PEGS (PEGSG) and acryloylated PEGS‐chemically crosslinked poly(acrylic acid)‐N‐hydrosuccinimide ester (PEGSA‐crosslinked PAAc‐NHS) with a single‐sided zwitterionic polymer‐interpenetrated layer. The dry JAP can rapidly absorb the unpleasant interfacial water and effectively form strong physical interactions with wet tissues. Benefiting from the amphiphilic nature of PEGSG and a simple spatial‐confined drying process, the JAP is allowed to resist excessive swelling and limitedly swell along one direction to avoid deterioration of the as‐established conformable patch‐tissue interface. Moreover, covalent interactions formed subsequently can further improve the adhesive strength and ensure a long‐lasting reliable adhesion. Meanwhile, the notch‐insensitive and puncture‐resistant JAP can achieve tough adhesion to adapt to the dynamic conditions owing to the highly efficient energy‐dissipation mechanism of the physically cross‐linked network. Combining the above ideal features with the desirable postoperative anti‐adhesion ability, the PEGS‐based JAP is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for internal tissue adhesion and function reconstruction.
Efficient All‐Polymer Photomultiplication‐Type Organic Photodetectors with Prolonged Crystallization Process
Authors: Wang Qian , Cui Fengzhe , Sha Mengzhen , Zhang Chao , Liao Xunfan , Yin Hang , Hao Xiaotao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the progressive development of photomultiplication‐type organic photodetectors (PM‐OPDs), increasing research efforts are devoted to all‐polymer PM‐OPDs due to their potential in terms of device stability and stretchability. However, poor polymer‐polymer miscibility and entanglement of long polymer chains are still the main challenges to form desirable active layer morphology in such systems. A smooth solidification process is favorable toward realizing a morphology that features ordered molecular orientation and high crystallinity. Herein, morphological control issue in all‐polymer PM‐OPDs is addressed by modifying film formation kinetics with an insulating polymer blending strategy. The prolonged crystallization process of polystyrene‐blended films can form high‐ordered molecular arrangements and crystallinity in donor/acceptor phases, leading to improved charge transport properties and suppressed trap states. With boosting the trap‐assisted photomultiplication effect, the polystyrene‐blended all‐polymer PM‐OPD with a high specific detectivity of 4.0  ×  1013 Jones can be achieved due to the accumulation of enhanced photogenerated electrons at the interface and the efficient injection of external holes, which is one of the best detectivity values reported for PM‐OPDs. This study not only reveals valuable insights into the effects of insulating polymers on the film formation kinetics mechanism, but also provides novel strategy to fabricate high‐performance all‐polymer PM‐OPDs.
Separating Crystal Growth from Nucleation Enables the In Situ Controllable Synthesis of Nanocrystals for Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yu Wenjin , Wei Mingyang , Tang Zhenyu , Zou Hongshuai , Li Liang , Zou Yu , Yang Shuang , Wang Yunkun , Zhang Yuqing , Li Xiangdong , Guo Haoqing , Wu Cuncun , Qu Bo , Gao Yunan , Lu Guowei , Wang Shufeng , Chen Zhijian , Liu Zhiwei , Zhou Huanping , Wei Bin , Liao Yingjie , Zhang Lijun , Li Yan , Gong Qihuang , Sargent Edward H. , Xiao Lixin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractColloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) display bright luminescence for light‐emitting diode (LED) applications; however, they require post‐synthesis ligand exchange that may cause surface degradation and defect formation. In situ‐formed PNCs achieve improved surface passivation using a straightforward synthetic approach, but their LED performance at the green wavelength is not yet comparable with that of colloidal PNC devices. Here, it is found that the limitations of in situ‐formed PNCs stem from uncontrolled formation kinetics: conventional surface ligands confine perovskite nuclei but fail to delay crystal growth. A bifunctional carboxylic‐acid‐containing ammonium hydrobromide ligand that separates crystal growth from nucleation is introduced, leading to the formation of quantum‐confined PNC solids exhibiting a narrow size distribution. Controlled crystallization is further coupled with defect passivation using deprotonated phosphinates, enabling improvements in photoluminescence quantum yield to near unity. Green LEDs are fabricated with a maximum current efficiency of 109 cd A−1 and an average external quantum efficiency of 22.5% across 25 devices, exceeding the performance of their colloidal PNC‐based counterparts. A 45.6 h operating half‐time is further documented for an unencapsulated device in N2 with an initial brightness of 100 cd m−2.
Direct Conversion of Phase‐Transition Entropy into Electrochemical Thermopower and the Peltier Effect
Authors: Zhou Hongyao , Matoba Fumitoshi , Matsuno Ryohei , Wakayama Yusuke , Yamada Teppei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA thermocell generates thermopower from a temperature difference (ΔT) between two electrodes. The converse process of thermocells is an electrochemical Peltier effect, which creates a ΔT on the electrodes by applying an external current. The Seebeck coefficient (Se) of the electrochemical system is proportional to the entropy change of the redox reaction; therefore, a redox system having a significant entropy change is expected to increase the Se. In this study, a thermoresponsive polymer having a redox‐active moiety, poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide‐co‐N‐(2‐acrylamide ethyl)‐N′‐n‐propylviologen) (PNV), is used as the redox species of a thermocell. PNV2+ dication undergoes the coil–globule phase transition upon the reduction to PNV+ cation radical, and a large entropy change is introduced because water molecules are freed from the polymer chains. The Se of PNV thermocell drastically increased to +2.1 mV K−1 at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNV. The entropy change calculated from the increment of Se agrees with the value evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, the electrochemical Peltier effect is observed when the device temperature is increased above the LCST. This study shows that the large entropy change associated with the coil–globule phase transition can be used in electrochemical thermal management and refrigeration technologies.
Direct Access to meta‐Alkylated N‐Arylazolium Salts via Ruthenium Catalyzed Electronically Controlled Site Selective Functionalization: Scope and Mechanistic Aspect
Authors: Bauri Somnath , Kumar Shashi , Rit Arnab 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEffective access to azolium salts with varying stereoelectronic properties has always fascinated the organometallic chemists. Herein, we described a Ru(II)‐catalyzed one‐step access to diverse meta‐alkylated N‐aryl (benz)imidazolium salts (>40 examples) via σ‐bond activation strategy starting from the readily available azolium salts using alkyl bromide. Notably, the present method is compatible with a wide range of azolium salts and secondary/tertiary alkyl bromides, including the biologically relevant motifs. Various control experiments along with the DFT calculation established the reaction pathway of orthometalated Ru(II)‐NHC complex (6) formation followed by the generation of a Ru(III)‐intermediate, which controls the observed meta‐selectivity, via single electron transfer. Crucially, detailed insight of the reaction mechanism helped to comprehend why some substrates are challenging for this methodology.
The Construction of Multifarious Monofluoroalkene Derivatives from 2H‐imidazoles via a Three‐Component Coupling
Authors: Luo Yi , Gao Yu , Dong Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA Rh(III)‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction for the regioselective assembly of various monofluoroalkene derivatives was disclosed using readily available difluorovinyl tosylates as fluorinated coupling partners. This strategy was intended for the preparation of fluorovinyl heterocycles, and the main OTs intermediates could be further processed to various fluorinated alkenyl compounds.
An Inter‐Cooperative Biohybrid Platform to Enable Tumor Ablation and Immune Activation
Authors: Li Feiyu , Chu Qiang , Hu Zefeng , Lu Zijie , Fang Chao , Han Gaorong , Fu Yike , Li Xiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA biohybrid therapeutic system, consisting of responsive materials and living microorganisms with inter‐cooperative effects, is designed and investigated for tumor treatment. In this biohybrid system, S2O32−‐intercalated CoFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) are integrated at the surface of Baker's yeasts. Under the tumor microenvironment, functional interactions between yeast and LDH are effectively triggered, resulting in S2O32− release, H2S production, and in‐situ generation of highly catalytic agents. Meanwhile, the degradation of LDH in the tumor microenvironment induces the exposure of the surface antigen of yeast, leading to effective immune activation at the tumor site. By virtue of the inter‐cooperative phenomena, this biohybrid system exhibits significant efficacy in tumor ablation and strong inhibition of recurrence. This study has potentially offered an alternative concept by utilizing the metabolism of living microorganisms and materials in exploring effective tumor therapeutics.
Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of a Topological Ferromagnet
Authors: Fijalkowski Kajetan M. , Liu Nan , Mandal Pankaj , Schreyeck Steffen , Brunner Karl , Gould Charles , Molenkamp Laurens W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe recent advent of topological states of matter spawned many significant discoveries. The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect is a prime example due to its potential for applications in quantum metrology, as well as its influence on fundamental research into the underlying topological and magnetic states and into axion electrodynamics. Here, electronic transport studies on a (V,Bi,Sb)2Te3 ferromagnetic topological insulator nanostructure in the QAH regime are presented. This allows access to the dynamics of an individual ferromagnetic domain. The domain size is estimated to be in the 50–100 nm range. Telegraph noise resulting from the magnetization fluctuations of this domain is observed in the Hall signal. Careful analysis of the influence of temperature and external magnetic field on the domain switching statistics provides evidence for quantum tunneling (QT) of magnetization in a macrospin state. This ferromagnetic macrospin is not only the largest magnetic object in which QT is observed, but also the first observation of the effect in a topological state of matter.