bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the cost and cost‐effectiveness of adding zinc to, and improving the performance of, Burkina Faso's mandatory wheat flour fortification programme
Authors: Adams Katherine P. , Jarvis Michael , Vosti Stephen A. , Manger Mari S. , Tarini Ann , Somé Jérome W. , Somda Hervé , McDonald Christine M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractZinc is an essential micronutrient that promotes normal growth, development and immune function. In the context of persistent dietary zinc inadequacies, large‐scale food fortification can help fill the gap between intake and requirements. Burkina Faso mandates wheat flour fortification with iron and folic acid. We used activity‐based cost modelling to estimate the cost of adding zinc to the country's wheat flour fortification standard assuming (1) no change in compliance with the national standard, and (2) a substantial improvement in compliance. We used household food consumption data to model effective coverage, that is, the number of women of reproductive age (WRA) predicted to achieve adequate zinc density (zinc intake/1000 kcal) with the addition of fortification to diets. Without interventions, the prevalence of inadequate dietary zinc density was ~35.5%. With no change in compliance, the annual average incremental cost of adding zinc to fortified wheat flour was $10,347, which would effectively cover <1% of WRA at an incremental cost of ~$0.54/WRA effectively covered. Improving compliance added ~$300,000/year to the cost of the fortification programme without zinc; including zinc added another ~$78,000/year but only reduced inadequate intake among WRA by 3.6% at an incremental cost of ~$0.45/WRA effectively covered. Although the incremental cost of adding zinc to wheat flour is low ($0.01/wheat flour consumer/year), given low levels of wheat flour consumption, zinc fortification of wheat flour alone contributes marginally to, but will not fully close, the dietary zinc gap. Future research should explore potential contributions of zinc to a broader set of delivery vehicles.
Perceptions and experiences of nursing students communicating with people living with dementia: The validation, emotion, reassure, activity (VERA) communication skills framework
Authors: Smyth Siobhan , Dempsey Laura , Jordan Fionnuala , Gannon Mary , McDonagh Rosaleen , Casey Dympna , Houghton Catherine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increased risk with advancing age that degenerative conditions such as dementia will affect a person's capacity to communicate. Thus, there is increased possibility that nursing students will be caring for this client group and will need to have the skills to communicate effectively. The Validation, Emotion, Reassure, Activity (VERA) framework is a communication tool developed for this purpose.ObjectivesThis pilot study explored nursing students' perceptions and experiences of communicating with people with dementia incorporating the VERA communication skills framework.MethodsUsing a descriptive qualitative approach, second year undergraduate general nursing students were eligible for inclusion if they were assigned to complete their 4‐week clinical placement in the designated research site and were willing to participate. Students allocated to the designated research site (n = 6) in semester 1 received standard communication skills as part of the undergraduate programme and students allocated (n = 10) in semester 2 received 2.5 h of additional communication skills based on the VERA framework. Data were analysed using framework analysis as described by Ritchie & Spencer.ResultsThe findings showed that students in both groups had initial reservations about communicating with people living with dementia. They employed several strategies including nonverbal techniques, distraction, reminiscence and life story work. However, students who received the VERA communication training felt more prepared to engage in these strategies because of the VERA training.ConclusionWith increasing numbers of people with dementia accessing health care, it is crucial that future nursing staff are equipped to meet the specific care needs of this population; which includes effective communication. The VERA framework can be useful to structure communication for nursing students.Implication for practiceThe VERA training may be considered a useful framework for increasing undergraduate nursing students' knowledge and confidence in advance of clinical placements in older person's services. Nursing staff should continue to support students on clinical placements which involve caring for people with dementia and be cognisant of the trepidation students may have when first meeting this client group.
Comparison of a blind and an ultrasound‐guided technique for Retrobulbar anesthesia in dogs undergoing unilateral subconjunctival enucleation
Authors: Briley Jessica D. , Washington Demitrius , Westermeyer Hans D. , Posner Lysa P. , Chiavaccini Ludovica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared the quality of retrobulbar anesthesia using a blind inferior‐temporal palpebral approach (ITP) with an ultrasound‐guided supratemporal (ST) technique in dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation.Animal studiedTwenty‐one client‐owned dogs were undergoing enucleation.ProceduresDogs were randomly assigned to receive ITP (n = 10) or ST (n = 11) with 0.5% ropivacaine at 0.1 mL/cm of neurocranial length. The anesthetist was blinded to the technique. Intraoperative data included cardiopulmonary variables, inhalant anesthetics requirement, and requirement for rescue analgesia (intravenous fentanyl 2.5 mcg/kg). Postoperative data included pain scores, sedation scores, and need for intravenous hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg). Treatments were compared using Wilcoxon's rank sum test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Comparison of variables over time were tested using a mixed effect linear model on rank. Significance was set at p = 0.05.ResultsIntraoperative cardiopulmonary variables and inhalant requirements were not different between groups. Dogs receiving ITP required median (interquartile range, IQR) 1.25 (0, 2.5) mcg/kg intraoperative fentanyl while those receiving ST required none (p < 0.01). Intraoperative fentanyl was required in 5/10 and 0/11 of dogs in the ITP and ST groups, respectively (p = 0.01). Postoperative analgesia requirements were not significantly different between groups; 2/10 and 1/10 dogs in the ITP and ST groups, respectively. Sedation score negatively affected pain score (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe ultrasound‐guided ST technique was more effective at decreasing intraoperative opioid requirements than the blind ITP approach in dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation.
On distributions of velocity random fields in turbulent flows
Authors: Li Jiawei , Qian Zhongmin , Zhou Mingrui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present paper aims to derive a partial differential equation (PDE) for the single‐time single‐point probability density function (PDF) of the velocity field of a turbulent flow. The PDF PDE is a highly non‐linear parabolic‐transport equation, which depends on two conditional statistical numerics of important physical significance. The PDF PDE is a general form of the classical Reynolds mean flow equation (O. Reynolds, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 186 (1895), 123–164. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1895.0004) and is a precise formulation of the PDF transport equation (S. B. Pope, Turbulent flows, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840531.). The PDF PDE provides us with a new method for modelling turbulence. An explicit example is constructed. Though the example is seemingly artificial, it demonstrates the PDF method based on the new PDF PDE.
The skew Brownian permuton: A new universality class for random constrained permutations
Authors: Borga Jacopo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe construct a new family of random permutons, called skew Brownian permuton, which describes the limits of several models of random constrained permutations. This family is parameterized by two real parameters. For a specific choice of the parameters, the skew Brownian permuton coincides with the Baxter permuton, that is, the permuton limit of Baxter permutations. We prove that for another specific choice of the parameters, the skew Brownian permuton coincides with the biased Brownian separable permuton, a one‐parameter family of permutons previously studied in the literature as the limit of uniform permutations in substitution‐closed classes. This brings two different limiting objects under the same roof, identifying a new larger universality class. The skew Brownian permuton is constructed in terms of flows of solutions of certain stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by two‐dimensional correlated Brownian excursions in the nonnegative quadrant. We call these SDEs skew perturbed Tanaka equations because they are a mixture of the perturbed Tanaka equations and the equations encoding skew Brownian motions. We prove existence and uniqueness of (strong) solutions for these new SDEs. In addition, we show that some natural permutons arising from Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) spheres decorated with two Schramm–Loewner evolution (SLE) curves are skew Brownian permutons and such permutons cover almost the whole range of possible parameters. Some connections between constrained permutations and decorated planar maps have been investigated in the literature at the discrete level; this paper establishes this connection directly at the continuum level. Proving the latter result, we also give an SDE interpretation of some quantities related to SLE‐decorated LQG spheres.
A Data-Driven Framework for Computationally Efficient Integration of Chemical Kinetics Using Neural Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Bansude Shubhangi , Imani Farhad , Sheikhi Reza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA data-driven methodology is introduced for computationally efficient integration of systems of stiff rate equations in chemical kinetics using neural ordinary differential equations (NODE). A systematic algorithm is developed for training data generation and sampling. Subsequently, a novel transformation technique for sampled training data is designed to regularize the neural network parameters, leading to a stable training process. Finally, the NODE network is iteratively trained to learn the accurate neural network representation of chemical kinetics source terms by minimizing the mean absolute error between the true and predicted solutions. The computational efficiency and accuracy of the NODE network are evaluated by simulating the evolution of the thermochemical state of a constant pressure homogeneous hydrogen-air reactor. The combustion of hydrogen in air is described by a finite-rate mechanism including 9 chemical species and 21 reaction steps. The NODE network shows excellent multi-step prediction accuracy for a wide range of initial temperatures and equivalence ratios, spanning the composition space of real flames. The NODE also exhibit a significant reduction in numerical stiffness of the system, enabling the utilization of explicit solvers for integration. The present simulation results using NODE demonstrate up to 70% speed up in computation time compared to direct integration of the chemical mechanism with at most 3.16% relative error in ignition delay time.
Interaction Mechanism of Transonic Squealer Tip Cooling With the Effect of High-Speed Relative Casing Motion
Authors: Xie W. , Lu S. , Jiang H. , Peng X. , Zhang Q. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The relative casing motion can significantly influence the turbine blade tip aerothermal performance. In this study, experimental investigation was conducted in a newly developed high-speed disk rotor rig which can mimic engine realistic high-speed casing relative motion while enabling full optical access to a transonic turbine blade tip surface. Spatially-resolved tip heat transfer data, including heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness, were obtained for a cooled transonic squealer tip by infrared transient thermal measurement. Combined with closely coupled Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, this paper reveals an interesting interaction mechanism between the cooling injections from the pressure side and the cavity floor with and without the effect of relative casing motion. Both experimental data and CFD results show a consistent trend in both heat transfer and cooling performance. With cavity cooling only, the cooling performance reduces with the effect of relative casing motion. However, with additional cooling injection from the pressure side, a significant improvement in the combined cooling performance with the relative casing motion can be observed. Such opposite trend highlights the importance of relative casing motion when ranking different tip cooling designs. With the consideration of relative casing motion, extra tip cooling benefit can be obtained by combining cooling injections from two different locations.
Tire-Road Friction Coefficient Estimation Based on Fusion of Model- and Data-Based Methods
Authors: Tang Jian , Dourra Hussein , Zhu Guoming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The tire-road interaction generates vehicle driving forces, which affect vehicle performance such as maximum acceleration and stability. Sequential extended Kalman filter (S-EKF) integrated with a slope method has been used for tire-road friction coefficient estimation with its own limitations, along with several “cause-based” and “effect-based” methods. This research proposes a new stochastic-based evaluation criterion using existing vehicle sensor signals with the help of the data-driven Kriging model. The proposed estimation method is validated by both CarSim™ simulation and experimental studies, respectively, under different road conditions. The results show that the proposed novel criterion has a strong correlation with the road friction coefficient and provide an improved tire-road friction coefficient estimation. A signal fusion estimation scheme based on both S-EKF and proposed evaluations is developed to improve estimation robustness.
Minimum Sampling Frequency for Accurate and Reliable Tibial Acceleration Measurements During Rearfoot Strike Running in the Field
Authors: Aubol Kevin G. , Milner Clare E. 
Published: April 2023

Field-based tibial acceleration measurements are increasingly common but sampling frequencies vary between accelerometers. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum sampling frequency needed for reliable and accurate measurement of peak axial and resultant tibial acceleration during running in the field. Tibial acceleration was measured at 7161 Hz in 19 healthy runners on concrete and grass. Acceleration data were down sampled to approximate previously used sampling frequencies. Peak axial and resultant tibial acceleration were calculated for each sampling frequency. The within-session reliability and accuracy of peak axial and resultant tibial accelerations were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients, mean differences, and 95% limits of agreements. Intraclass correlation coefficients greater than .9 indicated excellent within-session reliability for both peak axial and resultant tibial acceleration measured while running on concrete and grass. Peak axial and resultant tibial accelerations were 0.5 to 1.4 g lower and minimal detectable differences were up to 0.6 g higher at 102 Hz compared with higher sampling frequencies. We recommend a minimum sampling frequency of 199 Hz for accurate and reliable measurements of peak axial and resultant tibial acceleration in the field.
Age-related effects of high-frequency LED lighting in laying hens. Part 1: blood physiological variables
Authors: Olanrewaju Hammed A. , Purswell Joseph L. , Evans Jeff D. , Collier Stephanie D. , Branton Scott L. 
Published: April 2023

Light impacts layer hen's welfare and production. This study investigated the effects of a novel LED light system on blood physiological variables in laying hens. In each of the two trials, 320-layer pullets were allocated to 16 groups of 20 birds. Treatments included the prototype LED lighting (two rooms) and the conventional 2700 K LED bulbs (two rooms). On each sampling day, blood samples were collected and analyzed immediately. Results show that only a few physiological variables were affected by treatments, but age had effects on most examined variables. No effects of treatments or age on plasma corticosterone signify a similar level of physiological stress.
Generalized Willmore energies, Q-curvatures, extrinsic Paneitz operators, and extrinsic Laplacian powers
Authors: Blitz Samuel , Gover A. Rod , Waldron Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Over forty years ago, Paneitz, and independently Fradkin and Tseytlin, discovered a fourth-order conformally invariant differential operator, intrinsically defined on a conformal manifold, mapping scalars to scalars. This operator is a special case of the so-termed extrinsic Paneitz operator defined in the case when the conformal manifold is itself a conformally embedded hypersurface. In particular, this encodes the obstruction to smoothly solving the five-dimensional scalar Laplace equation, and suitable higher dimensional analogs, on conformally compact structures with constant scalar curvature. Moreover, the extrinsic Paneitz operator can act on tensors of general type by dint of being defined on tractor bundles. Motivated by a host of applications, we explicitly compute the extrinsic Paneitz operator. We apply this formula to obtain: an extrinsically-coupled [Formula: see text]-curvature for embedded four-manifolds, the anomaly in renormalized volumes for conformally compact five-manifolds with negative constant scalar curvature, Willmore energies for embedded four-manifolds, the local obstruction to smoothly solving the five-dimensional singular Yamabe problem, and new extrinsically-coupled fourth- and sixth-order operators for embedded surfaces and four-manifolds, respectively.
Pinwheels as Lagrangian barriers
Authors: Brendel Joé , Schlenk Felix 
Published: April 2023

The complex projective plane [Formula: see text] contains certain Lagrangian CW-complexes called pinwheels, which have interesting rigidity properties related to solutions of the Markov equation, see for example [J. Evans and I. Smith, Markov numbers and Lagrangian cell complexes in the complex projective plane, Geom. Topol. 22 (2018) 1143–1180]. We compute the Gromov width of the complement of pinwheels and show that it is strictly smaller than the Gromov width of [Formula: see text], meaning that pinwheels are Lagrangian barriers in the sense of [P. Biran, Lagrangian barriers and symplectic embeddings, Geom. Funct. Anal. 11 (2001) 407–464]. The accumulation points of the set of these Gromov widths are in a simple bijection with the Lagrange spectrum below [Formula: see text].
Shearlet Transform-Based Novel Method for Multimodality Medical Image Fusion Using Deep Learning
Authors: Mergin Ancy , Premi M. S. Godwin 
Published: April 2023

Multi-modality medical image fusion (MMIF) methods were widely used in a variety of clinical settings. For specialists, MMIF could provide an image containing anatomical and physiological information that can help develop diagnostic procedures. Different models linked to MMIF were proposed previously. However, there would be a need to enhance the functionality of prior methodologies. In this proposed model, a unique fusion model depending upon optimal thresholding and deep learning approaches are presented. An enhanced monarch butterfly optimization (EMBO) determines an optimal threshold with fusion rules as in shearlet transform. The efficiency of the fusion process mainly depends on the fusion rule and the optimization of the fusion rule can improve the efficiency of the fusion. The extraction element of the deep learning approach was then utilized to fuse high- and low-frequency sub-bands. The fusion technique was carried out using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The studies were carried out for MRI and CT images. The fusion results were attained and the proposed model was proved to offer effective performance with reduced values of error and improved values of correlation.
Analysis of magma flux and eruption intensity during the 2021 explosive activity at La Soufrière, St Vincent, West Indies
Authors: Sparks Steve R. J. , Aspinall Willy P. , Barclay Jenni , Renfrew Ian A. , Contreras-Arratia Rodrigo , Stewart Rod 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement signals and eruption cloud height measurements were used to estimate peak intensities of 40 explosive events during the 8–22 April 2021 activity of La Soufrière volcano. We estimated magma supply rates and erupted volumes in each explosion, characterized uncertainty by stochastic modelling and identified four eruptive stages. Stage 1 included an intense period of 9.5 hours with 11 explosive events with peak eruption intensity between 2000 and 4000 m
3
s
−1
and magma supply rate reaching 828 m
3
s
−1
. Twelve high-intensity explosions (
c.
4000 m
3
s
−1
) occurred in Stage 2 with average magma supply rate of 251 m
3
s
−1
. Stage 3 involved both declining intensity and magma supply rate and lengthening repose periods between explosions. Stage 4 involved three much weaker explosions. The total erupted volume of magma is estimated at 38.5 × 10
6
m
3
(90% credible interval: [22.0 .. 61.9] × 10
6
m
3
) consistent with independent estimates from analysis of tephra deposits and volcano subsidence sourced at
c.
6 km depth. The 150-fold increase in magma supply rate, from the preceding effusive phase to Stage 1 of the explosive phase, is attributed to replacement of very high-viscosity degassed magma occupying the shallow conduit system with new, lower-viscosity, volatile-rich magma from the magma chamber.
Somatic Exonic Deletions in RUNX1 Constitutes a Novel Recurrent Genomic Abnormality in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Eriksson Anna , Engvall Marie , Mathot Lucy , Österroos Albin , Rippin Martin , Cavelier Lucia , Ladenvall Claes , Baliakas Panagiotis 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), somatic mutations (commonly missense, nonsense, and frameshift indels) in RUNX1 are associated with a dismal clinical outcome. Inherited RUNX1 mutations cause familial platelet disorder. As approximately 5%–10% of germline RUNX1 mutations are large exonic deletions, we hypothesized that such exonic RUNX1 aberrations may also be acquired during the development of AML.

Experimental Design:
Sixty patients with well-characterized AML were analyzed with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (n = 60), microarray (n = 11), and/or whole-genome sequencing (n = 8).

Results:
In total, 25 (42% of the cohort) RUNX1-aberrant patients (defined by the presence of classical mutations and/or exonic deletions) were identified. Sixteen patients (27%) carried only exonic deletions, 5 (8%) carried classical mutations, and 4 (7%) carried both exonic deletions and mutations. No significant difference was observed between patients with classical RUNX1 mutations and RUNX1 exonic deletions in median overall survival (OS, 53.1 vs. 38.8 months, respectively, P = 0.63). When applying the European Leukemia Net (ELN) classification including the RUNX1-aberrant group, 20% of the patients initially stratified as intermediate-risk (5% of the whole cohort) were reassigned to the high-risk group, which improved the performance of ELN classification regarding OS between intermediate- and high-risk groups (18.9 vs. 9.6 months, P = 0.09).

Conclusions:
Somatic RUNX1 exonic deletions constitute a novel recurrent aberration in AML. Our findings have important clinical implications regarding AML classification, risk stratification, and treatment decision. Moreover, they argue in favor of further investigating such genomic aberrations not only in RUNX1 but also in other genes implicated in cancer biology and management.
See related commentary by Chakraborty and Stengel, p. 2742