bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgens in endometrial carcinoma: the killer or helper?
Authors: Wu X. , Zhang K. , Zhong X. , Huo X. , Zhang J. , Tian W. , Yang X. , Zhang Y. , Wang Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this review is to discuss the role of androgens in the progression of endometrial carcinoma (EC) with particular focus on the different kinds of androgenic hormones, androgen receptor (AR) and intracrine androgen metabolism.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search within PubMed was performed. Selected publications related to androgens and EC were reviewed.

Results
There are different kinds of androgenic hormones, and different kinds of androgens may have different effects. Elevated androgens (especially testosterone) have been associated with an increased EC risk in postmenopausal women. 5α-reductases (5α-Reds) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17βHSD2) pathway may inhibit the progression of EC mediated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), but aromatases stimulate further progression of EC. The most of studies accessing the prognostic value of AR have found that AR expression may be a favorable prognostic indicator.

Conclusion
Androgens may have both oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles. Androgen-specific biases in metabolism and the expression of AR may contribute to the different prognosis of patients with EC.
A multiscale convolution neural network for bearing fault diagnosis based on frequency division denoising under complex noise conditions
Authors: Wang Youming , Cao Gongqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe condition of bearings has a significant impact on the healthy operation of mechanical equipment, which leads to a tremendous attention on fault diagnosis algorithms. However, due to the complex working environment and severe noise interference, training a robust bearing fault diagnosis model is considered to be a difficult task. To address this problem, a multiscale frequency division denoising network (MFDDN) model is proposed, where the frequency division denoising modules are presented to extract the detail fault features, and multiscale convolution neural network is employed to learn and enrich the overall fault features through two-scale convolution channels communication. The stacking convolution pooling layers are adopted to deepen the large-scale convolution channel and learn abundant global features. To remove the noise in the small-scale convolution channel, the frequency division denoising layers are constructed based on wavelet analysis to acquire the features of noise, where the input feature map is separated into high frequency and low-frequency features, and a sub-network based on attention mechanism is established for adaptive denoising. The superior features of MFDDN are the fusion of important fault features at each scale and custom learning of fine-grained features for the adaptive denoising, which improves the network feature extraction capability and noise robustness. This paper compares the performance of MFDDN with several common bearing fault diagnosis models on two benchmark bearing fault datasets. Extensive experiments show the state-of-the-art performance including robustness, generalization, and accuracy compared to the other methods under complex noise environment.
The length of uninterrupted CAG repeats in stem regions of repeat disease associated hairpins determines the amount of short CAG oligonucleotides that are toxic to cells through RNA interference
Authors: Murmann Andrea E. , Patel Monal , Jeong Si-Yeon , Bartom Elizabeth T. , Jennifer Morton A. , Peter Marcus E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtended CAG trinucleotide repeats (TNR) in the genes huntingtin (HTT) and androgen receptor (AR) are the cause of two progressive neurodegenerative disorders: Huntington’s disease (HD) and Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA), respectively. Anyone who inherits the mutant gene in the complete penetrance range (>39 repeats for HD and 44 for SBMA) will develop the disease. An inverse correlation exists between the length of the CAG repeat and the severity and age of onset of the diseases. Growing evidence suggests that it is the length of uninterrupted CAG repeats in the mRNA rather than the length of poly glutamine (polyQ) in mutant (m)HTT protein that determines disease progression. One variant of mHTT (loss of inhibition; LOI) causes a 25 year earlier onset of HD when compared to a reference sequence, despite both coding for a protein that contains an identical number of glutamines. Short 21–22 nt CAG repeat (sCAGs)-containing RNAs can cause disease through RNA interference (RNAi). RNA hairpins (HPs) forming at the CAG TNRs are stabilized by adjacent CCG (in HD) or CUG repeats (in SBMA) making them better substrates for Dicer, the enzyme that processes CAG HPs into sCAGs. We now show that cells deficient in Dicer or unable to mediate RNAi are resistant to the toxicity of the HTT and AR derived HPs. Expression of a small HP that mimics the HD LOI variant is more stable and more toxic than a reference HP. We report that the LOI HP is processed by Dicer, loaded into the RISC more efficiently, and gives rise to a higher quantity of RISC-bound 22 nt sCAGs. Our data support the notion that RNAi contributes to the cell death seen in HD and SBMA and provide an explanation for the dramatically reduced onset of disease in HD patients that carry the LOI variant.
Vaccination with an HIV T-cell immunogen induces alterations in the mouse gut microbiota
Authors: Borgognone Alessandra , Elizalde-Torrent Aleix , Casadellà Maria , Romero Luis , Escribà Tuixent , Parera Mariona , Català-Moll Francesc , Noguera-Julian Marc , Brander Christian , Olvera Alex , Paredes Roger 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe gut microbiota is emerging as a crucial factor modulating vaccine responses; however, few studies have investigated if vaccines, in turn, can alter the microbiota and to what extent such changes may improve vaccine efficacy. To understand the effect of T-cell vaccination on the gut microbiome, we administered an HIV-1 T-cell immunogen (HTI arm) or PBS (control, Mock arm) to C57Bl/6 mice following a heterologous prime-boost scheme. The longitudinal dynamics of the mice gut microbiota was characterized by 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing in fecal samples collected from cages, as well as from three gut sections (cecum, small and large intestine). Serum and spleen cells were obtained at the last time point of the study to assess immune correlates using IFNγ ELISPOT and cytokine Luminex® assays. Compared with Mock, HTI-vaccinated mice were enriched in Clostridiales genera (Eubacterium xylanophilum group, Roseburia and Ruminococcus) known as primary contributors of anti-inflammatory metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Such shift was observed after the first HTI dose and remained throughout the study follow-up (18 weeks). However, the enriched Clostridiales genera were different between feces and gut sections. The abundance of bacteria enriched in vaccinated animals positively correlated with HTI-specific T-cell responses and a set of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6. This longitudinal analysis indicates that, in mice, T-cell vaccination may promote an increase in gut bacteria known to produce anti-inflammatory molecules, which in turn correlate with proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting an adaptation of the gut microbial milieu to T-cell-induced systemic inflammation.
Clinical outcomes of de novo metastatic HER2-low breast cancer: a National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Jiang Changchuan , Perimbeti Stuthi , Deng Lei , Shapiro Charles L. , Gandhi Shipra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of novel anti-HER2 drugs opens new treatment options for women with breast cancers, including lower expression of HER2. The epidemiology and clinical outcome of metastatic HER2-low breast cancer remain not well described. We designed a retrospective cohort study of the 2010–2017 National Cancer Database (NCDB) was designed to compare the overall survival of HER2-low and HER2-zero de novo metastatic breast cancer with systemic therapy. Multivariable Cox regression models were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR), adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. A total of 20,636 of 30,929 (66.7%) patients were HER2-low and 10,293 (33.3%) were HER2-zero. When stratified by hormonal receptor status, HER2-low tumors account for 18,066 (69.7%) cases in HR+/HER2− population and 2570 (51.4%) cases in HR−/HER2− population. The prevalence of HER2-low tumors was similar across racial groups with a slightly lower prevalence among the Hispanic population. Women with HER2-low tumors had longer overall survival (OS) than women with Her2-zero tumors in both HR-positive (median OS 39.0 months vs. 37.1 months; adjusted HR: 0.95, 95%CI (0.91–0.98)) and HR-negative groups (median OS 15.8 months vs. 14.1 months; adjusted HR: 0.92 95%CI (0.86–0.98)). The survival advantage was primarily observed in patients who received chemotherapy as their first line of treatment (HR 0.92 95%CI (0.88–0.96) vs. 0.99 95%CI (0.94–1.04), p-interaction = 0.04). In summary, HER2-low tumors, irrespective of hormone receptor status, have better survival than HER2-zero tumors in the de-novo metastatic setting. The survival advantage was primarily observed in patients who received chemotherapy in the first line.
Auditory hallucinations, childhood sexual abuse, and limbic gray matter volume in a transdiagnostic sample of people with psychosis
Authors: Millman Zachary B. , Hwang Melissa , Sydnor Valerie J. , Reid Benjamin E. , Goldenberg Joshua E. , Talero Jessica N. , Bouix Sylvain , Shenton Martha E. , Öngür Dost , Shinn Ann K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a potentially unique risk factor for auditory hallucinations (AH), but few studies have examined the moderating effects of sex or the association of CSA with limbic gray matter volume (GMV) in transdiagnostic samples of people with psychotic disorders. Here we found that people with psychotic disorders reported higher levels of all surveyed maltreatment types (e.g., physical abuse) than healthy controls, but people with psychotic disorders with AH (n = 41) reported greater CSA compared to both those without AH (n = 37; t = −2.21, p = .03) and controls (n = 37; t = −3.90, p < .001). Among people with psychosis, elevated CSA was most pronounced among females with AH (sex × AH status: F = 4.91, p = .009), held controlling for diagnosis, medications, and other maltreatment (F = 3.88, p = .02), and correlated with the current severity of AH (r = .26, p = .03) but not other symptoms (p’s > .16). Greater CSA among patients related to larger GMV of the left amygdala accounting for AH status, diagnosis, medications, and other maltreatment (t = 2.12, p = .04). Among people with psychosis, females with AH may represent a unique subgroup with greater CSA. Prospective high-risk studies integrating multiple measures of maltreatment and brain structure/function may help elucidate the mechanisms linking CSA with amygdala alterations and AH.
Identification of ferroptosis-related genes and pathways in diabetic kidney disease using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liu Dezhen , Zhou Wei , Mao Li , Cui Zhaohui , Jin Shanshan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major public health issue because of its refractory nature. Ferroptosis is a newly coined programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the prognostic and diagnostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and their biological mechanisms in DKD remain elusive. The gene expression profiles GSE96804, GSE30566, GSE99339 and GSE30528 were obtained and analyzed. We constructed a reliable prognostic model for DKD consisting of eight FRGs (SKIL, RASA1, YTHDC2, SON, MRPL11, HSD17B14, DUSP1 and FOS). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the ferroptosis-related model had predictive power with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818. Gene functional enrichment analysis showed significant differences between the DKD and normal groups, and ferroptosis played an important role in DKD. Consensus clustering analysis showed four different ferroptosis types, and the risk score of type four was significantly higher than that of other groups. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that the expression of macrophages M2 increased significantly, while that of neutrophils and mast cells activated decreased significantly in the high-risk group. Our study identified and validated the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in DKD. FRGs could serve as credible diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DKD.
A neuro swarm procedure to solve the novel second order perturbed delay Lane-Emden model arising in astrophysics
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Said Salem Ben , Al-Mdallal Qasem , Ali Mohamed R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current work provides a mathematical second order perturbed singular delay differential model (SO-PSDDM) by using the standard form of the Lane-Emden model. The inclusive structures based on the delay terms, singular-point and perturbation factor and shape forms of the SO-PSDDM are provided. The novel form of the SO-PSDDM is numerically solved by using the procedures of artificial neural networks (ANNs) along with the optimization measures based on the swarming procedures (PSO) and interior-point algorithm (IPA). An error function is optimized through the swarming PSO procedure along with the IPA to solve the SO-PSDDM. The precision, substantiation and validation are observed for three problems of the SO-PSDDM. The exactness of the novel SO-PSDDM is observed by comparing the obtained and exact solutions. The reliability, stability and convergence of the proposed stochastic algorithms are observed for 30 independent trials to solve the novel SO-PSDDM.
Association between medication adherence to chronic diseases and shift-work schedules in the Korean working population
Authors: Lee Seung-Yeon , Lee Seunghyun , Lee Wanhyung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractShift-working schedules are closely linked to chronic diseases, and only a few studies have investigated the association between working schedules and medication adherence in chronic diseases targeting workers. This study aimed to investigate whether shift-work schedules are associated with medication adherence in a working population with chronic conditions. The study participants (n = 11,460 person-years) were identified from the Korea Health Panel Study conducted from 2008 to 2018. Medication adherence was classified as good (2+) or poor (0 or 1) based on the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Work schedules were categorized as shifts and fixed daytime work. Its association with medication adherence was investigated using a generalized estimating equation model, generating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). According to work schedules, shift workers were more likely than fixed-day workers to have poor medication adherence (adjusted OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02–1.33). Regarding occupational classification, manual workers had a significantly higher risk of poor medication adherence than those in other occupational categories (adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13–1.43). Among shift workers, the major reason for poor medication adherence was forgetting to take medication (SPR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07–1.38). Workers with irregular shift times are more vulnerable to poor medication adherence. Future studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying this association and develop strategies to enhance medication adherence in the working population.
Expression profiles of small non-coding RNAs in breast cancer tumors characterize clinicopathological features and show prognostic and predictive potential
Authors: Kärkkäinen Emmi , Heikkinen Sami , Tengström Maria , Kosma Veli-Matti , Mannermaa Arto , Hartikainen Jaana M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrecision medicine approaches are required for more effective therapies for cancer. As small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have recently been suggested as intriguing candidates for cancer biomarkers and have shown potential also as novel therapeutic targets, we aimed at profiling the non-miRNA sncRNAs in a large sample set to evaluate their role in invasive breast cancer (BC). We used small RNA sequencing and 195 fresh-frozen invasive BC and 22 benign breast tissue samples to identify significant associations of small nucleolar RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, and miscellaneous RNAs with the clinicopathological features and patient outcome of BC. Ninety-six and five sncRNAs significantly distinguished (Padj < 0.01) invasive local BC from benign breast tissue and metastasized BC from invasive local BC, respectively. Furthermore, 69 sncRNAs significantly associated (Padj < 0.01) with the tumor grade, hormone receptor status, subtype, and/or tumor histology. Additionally, 42 sncRNAs were observed as candidates for prognostic markers and 29 for predictive markers for radiotherapy and/or tamoxifen response (P < 0.05). We discovered the clinical relevance of sncRNAs from each studied RNA type. By introducing new sncRNA biomarker candidates for invasive BC and validating the potential of previously described ones, we have guided the way for further research that is warranted for providing novel insights into BC biology.
Molybdenum carbide/Ni nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanofibers as effective non-precious catalyst for urea electrooxidation reaction
Authors: Barakat Nasser A. M. , Ali Marwa A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, molybdenum carbide and carbon were investigated as co-catalysts to enhance the nickel electro-activity toward urea oxidation. The proposed electrocatalyst has been formulated in the form of nanofibrous morphology to exploit the advantage of the large axial ratio. Typically, calcination of electropsun polymeric nanofibers composed of poly(vinyl alcohol), molybdenum chloride and nickel acetate under vacuum resulted in producing good morphology molybdenum carbide/Ni NPs-incorporated carbon nanofibers. Investigation on the composition and morphology of the proposed catalyst was achieved by XRD, SEM, XPS, elemental mapping and TEM analyses which concluded formation of molybdenum carbide and nickel nanoparticles embedded in a carbon nanofiber matrix. As an electrocatalyst for urea oxidation, the electrochemical measurements indicated that the proposed composite has a distinct activity when the molybdenum content is optimized. Typically, the nanofibers prepared from electrospun nanofibers containing 25 wt% molybdenum precursor with respect to nickel acetate revealed the best performance. Numerically, using 0.33 M urea in 1.0 M KOH, the obtained current densities were 15.5, 44.9, 52.6, 30.6, 87.9 and 17.6 mA/cm2 for nanofibers prepared at 850 °C from electropsun mats containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 35 molybdenum chloride, respectively. Study the synthesis temperature of the proposed composite indicated that 1000 °C is the optimum calcination temperature. Kinetic studies indicated that electrooxidation reaction of urea does not follow Arrhenius’s law.
Clinical and psychological characteristics associated with negative beliefs and concerns about treatment necessity in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Tosato Sarah , Bonetto Chiara , Zanini Alice , Bixio Riccardo , Marchel Martina , Pacenza Giulio , Galvagni Isotta , Cristofalo Doriana , Fracassi Elena , Carletto Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIdentifying factors that influence problematic beliefs and behaviors related to pharmacotherapy may be useful for clinicians to improve the patients’ adherence. The study aims to assess patients’ beliefs about the necessity and concerns regarding pharmacotherapy in rheumatic diseases and attitude styles, and to investigate the association between clinical factors and negative beliefs about medication. A sample of 712 patients affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis was enrolled. They were assessed using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaires-Specific (BMQ), the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), the Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). The balance between benefits and costs in the BMQ-Specific was positive in the 79.4% of patients, negative in the 12.1% and equal in the 8.6%. SDAI, taking more than 5 medications, taking anti interleukin 6 (Anti-IL6) or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs), pain, and fatigue were significantly associated to higher Concerns. Having a longer disease duration was significantly associated with a higher Necessity, together with the current pharmacological treatments and the disability. The multivariate regression models estimated that higher pain and fatigue were associated to higher Concerns (p < 0.001), while a longer disease duration (p < 0.001) and all pharmacological treatments for a rheumatologic disease (p = 0.001) were associated to higher Necessity levels. A high length of disease, a low level of remission, a high number of total medications, the prescription of an Anti-IL6/bDMARDs/tsDMARDs drug, a high level of pain, fatigue and disability identified patients potentially less adherent to pharmacotherapy to be carefully looked after by clinicians.
Strong relationship between dyslipidemia and the ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments
Authors: Endo Tsutomu , Takahata Masahiko , Fujita Ryo , Koike Yoshinao , Suzuki Ryota , Hasegawa Yuichi , Murakami Toshifumi , Ishii Misaki , Yamada Katsuhisa , Sudo Hideki , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObesity and metabolic disturbances are prevalent in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF); however, the involvement of dyslipidemia (DL) in OPLL/OLF remains uncertain. We investigated the association between dyslipidemia and OPLL/OLF using a dataset of 458 individuals receiving health screening tests, including computed tomography. Subjects were grouped according to the presence or location of OPLL/OLF: controls (no OPLL/OLF, n = 230), OLF (n = 167), cervical OPLL (n = 28), and thoracic OPLL (n = 33). They were also grouped according to the presence of dyslipidemia (DL[+], n = 215; DL[−], n = 243). The proportion of dyslipidemia in the OLF and OPLL groups was 1.6–2.2 times higher than that in the control group. The proportion of OLF and OPLL in the DL(+) group was significantly higher than that in the DL(−) group (OLF, 43% vs. 29%; cervical OPLL, 14.4% vs. 3.2%; thoracic OPLL, 11.1% vs. 3.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an association between all ossification types and dyslipidemia. This study demonstrated an association of dyslipidemia with OPLL/OLF; further investigation on the causal relationship between dyslipidemia and ectopic spinal ligament ossification is warranted to develop a therapeutic intervention for OPLL/OLF.