bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Policy
Authors: Eckert Sandra , Pedersen Ole Windahl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The history of European energy policy integration dates back to the founding days of European integration, in the 1950s, yet only with the Lisbon Treaty was a supranational competence in this policy field formally recognized in primary law. During the five preceding decades, energy policy developed without a policy-specific Treaty basis, often using prerogatives in other fields. Absent a political agreement to shift powers towards the supranational level, energy policy was in many ways a case of integration by stealth. While the Treaty of Lisbon finally established an EU energy policy, new challenges occurred quickly thereafter when several crises forced policymakers to take action. This chapter presents the characteristics of rule-making and the institutional set-up in the field of energy policy throughout the process of integration, focusing on the new policy framework introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon and the crisis-driven responses adopted since. It poses the question whether recent integration in an era of polycrisis is better understood as a process of path dependency or as a process of innovative and path-breaking change. We find that, in the absence of further shifts of competence towards the European level, energy policy post-Lisbon remains heavily dependent on Member State consent, cross-border cooperation between national bodies, and substantial input by private actors. Besides these elements of path dependency, there are, however, also new and truly transformative developments, such as a substantial rebalancing of policy goals in emergency situations and the use of geoeconomic instruments that deviate from a market-making logic.
A Little Mood Music: On the Relationship between Musical and Psychological Moods
Authors: Kostochka Tatyana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We regularly talk about music as if it has moods or, at least, expresses moods. However, the relationship between psychological and musical moods remains mysterious. Music doesn’t have feelings, so how could it have moods? To make up for that, many philosophers have provided theories of expression that don’t rely on music actually possessing anything mood-like. In this paper, I argue that if we take seriously an account of psychological moods that includes patterns of attention as part of the mood itself, we can explain how music can, in fact, have moods; namely, by having a structure that resembles the structure of a mood. I then explain how this not only solves the puzzle of how music expresses moods but also helps us explain how we interact with musical moods.
Microbial contamination and antimicrobial resistance in seafood-contacted ice: A study from Shanghai wholesale and retail markets
Authors: Lu Yitao , Liu Jing , Wu Qian , Xu Tianming , Wang Yibaina , Pan Yingjie , Zhao Yong , Zhang Zhaohuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ice, as a cooling medium, is extensively utilized in the transportation and preservation of seafoods. A comprehensive investigation of microbial contamination for seafood-contacted ice is essential. In August and September 2023, during a period of high incidence of foodborne diseases, the study was conducted involving 200 seafood-contacted ice samples from 12 districts in Shanghai, China. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobial resistance of isolates, and bacterial diversity in these samples were analyzed. The results revealed that total plate count in the samples ranged from 1.89 to 5.94 log colony forming units (CFU)/mL, with an average of 4.15 log CFU/mL. Coliform counts were present in 98.50% of the samples, with counts ranging from 0.70 to 4.06 log CFU/mL, with an average of 2.05 log CFU/mL. Pathogenic bacteria detected included Vibrio parahaemolyticus in 31 samples (31/200, 15.50%), Escherichia coli in 16 samples (16/200, 8.00%), and Staphylococcus aureus in 9 samples (9/200, 4.50%). V. parahaemolyticus showed a high ampicillin resistance rate of 96.8% (30/31). E. coli exhibited general resistance to most antibiotics. S. aureus isolates demonstrated greater resistance to ampicillin (6/9, 66.7%), but remained sensitive to other antibiotics. High-throughput sequencing has demonstrated that certain microorganisms exhibit resistance to low temperature through mechanisms such as biofilm formation, contributing to their pathogenicity and posing a threat to the safety of seafood-contacted ice. Specifically, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Shewanella should be prioritized in future preventive and control measures. This study addresses the gap in understanding ice pollution from seafood-contacted ice in Shanghai and provides a foundation for further risk assessment and quality control.
Challenges to Cardiovascular Health Among Female U.S. Veterans and Future Implications: A Scoping Review
Authors: Batie Carolyn M , Axon Robert N , Pope Charlene 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for women in the United States, and U.S. female Veterans have higher rates of CVD compared to civilian women. With an increasing number of women joining the military, the number of female Veterans is expected to rise; therefore, providing appropriate cardiovascular care must be a top priority for the DoD and the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). This scoping review will answer the question: “Among U.S. female Veterans, what are the challenges faced in cardiovascular health, and what are potential future implications and interventions?” We designed this scoping review to identify common themes and gaps in the literature, guide further investigations, and contribute to developing targeted interventions and policies to enhance cardiovascular outcomes among female Veterans.

Materials and Methods
On May 1, 2024, a modified PRISMA-ScR search was performed using the following online databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and OVID. The inclusion criteria included U.S. female Veterans, CVD, and data collected from VHA database sources. Results from any literature source published in the past 10 years and written in English were considered. The search identified 107 studies. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts and then performed full-text reviews.

Results
We identified 34 studies assessing challenges to cardiovascular care among female Veterans in areas of racial/ethnic and gender-specific disparities regarding the prevalence of nontraditional CVD risk factors, access to health care services, awareness and knowledge of CVD risk factors, and willingness to receive cardiovascular care. The review also identified potential areas for improvement initiatives in education, peer support, and future research.

Conclusions
This review highlighted 3 main challenges female Veterans face in accessing CVD care from the VHA: perceived barriers, unique risk factors, and gender/racial disparities. It emphasized the need for improved CVD research, screening, education, and social support for female Veterans. The authors propose two main strategies to address these challenges: (1) pre-transition education from the DoD and (2) enhanced CVD training in the VHA. Cardiovascular disease risk factor recognition and prevention education should occur in military settings, allowing medical providers in DoD clinics to engage female service members in discussions and screenings before transitioning to VHA care. The VHA should educate providers on the barriers female Veterans face, the identification of nontraditional risk factors, and existing health care disparities. Additionally, it should continue to support successful initiatives focused on improving CVD care for female Veterans, such as the Women’s Health Research Network, the Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, and the Enhancing Mental and Physical Health of Women through Engagement and Retention program.
Arya Samaj
Authors: Bhargav Vanya Vaidehi 
Published: January 2025

Founded in 1875 by Dayanand Saraswati (b. 1824–d. 1883), the Arya Samaj (the Society of Nobles), became one of the most influential Hindu socio-religious reform movements in north India in the twentieth century, gaining widespread popularity in Punjab and the United Provinces. The Arya Samaj was born of Hinduism’s encounter with British colonialism and Christianity, which sparked multiple efforts to redefine Hinduism in accordance with Abrahamic conceptions of religion. Responding to colonial-missionary criticisms of Hinduism for its polytheism, excessive ritualism, idolatry, and caste system, the Samaj redefined Hinduism as a simplified monotheism, free of idol-worship and the notion of hereditary castes. The Arya Samaj’s efforts to reform Hinduism brought it into conflict with self-proclaimed “orthodox” Sanatanist Hindus, who defended idol-worship, Brahmin-led ritualism, and hereditary caste hierarchy as integral to Hinduism. The Samaj’s central message was “Back to the Vedas”; it saw itself as reviving the original Hinduism supposedly found in the Vedas. Whether the Samaj advocated Hindu “revival” or “reform”—terms often standing in for conservatism and progressivism, respectively—has been a matter of debate among historical actors and scholars. Education has been vital to Arya Samajist agenda, with disagreements even contributing to the Samaj’s split in 1893. The two factions, the College faction and the Gurukul faction, were named after the educational institutions they supported: the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) College and Gurukul Kangri, respectively. The DAV College aimed to provide a balanced Western and Vedic education, becoming the center of a vast educational network. Less influential, Gurukul Kangri formed the core of a smaller network invoking the traditional gurukul education, and strongly prioritized Sanskrit and Vedic studies. Samajist reform involved the education of women and “Untouchable” and “low” castes. Arya Samaj’s caste-related reformism entailed efforts to admit low-castes into caste Hindu society by investing them with the sacred thread. The Samaj also aimed to convert low-caste Muslims and Christians to Vedic truth and caste Hindu society. These conversions challenged the caste hierarchy, but were driven by Hindu majority-making, entailed attacks on Islam and Christianity, and contributed communal conflict in the 1920s. Indeed, the Samaj’s relationship to Hindu nationalism is the subject of scholarly debate, with many arguing that it laid ground for the later Hindu nationalism represented by the Hindu Mahasabha, V.D. Savarkar, and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Apart from Hindu nationalism, scholars have highlighted the Samaj’s entanglement in anti-colonial national politics.
Assessing the effect of AEB-P system with adaptive control strategy from the perspective of pedestrian head injury risk
Authors: Lu Ying , Qin Xinpeng , Sun Yongduo , Xie Junping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the continuous development of vehicle intelligence technology and active safety technology, the autonomous emergency braking pedestrian (AEB-P) system has emerged as a crucial element of contemporary automotive active safety systems. However, there are still some deficiencies in the control strategies utilized by the current AEB-P system. It is imperative to design an AEB-P system that can adapt the safety threshold and control strategy in real-time based on the current driving conditions. The objective of this paper is to propose an AEB-P system with an adaptive control strategy and analyze its effectiveness from the perspective of pedestrian head injuries. Initially, an algorithm for adaptive collision time threshold model is proposed, and the AEB-P control strategy integrating this threshold is designed. Subsequently, a finite element model of human head is developed to predict pedestrian head injuries in pedestrian-vehicle collision (PVC) scenarios with AEB-P intervention. Additionally, a simplified finite element model of PVC is established, and real PVC scenarios are reconstructed to assess the effectiveness of various AEB-P control strategies in mitigating pedestrian head injuries. The results demonstrate that the conventional control strategy is ineffective in reducing the risk of pedestrian head injuries at medium to high speeds. Conversely, the AEB-P system, which incorporates an adaptive control strategy, proves to be effective in decreasing the risk of pedestrian head injuries. Overall, the AEB-P system with adaptive control strategy enhances pedestrian safety notably, particularly in scenarios where PVCs are inevitable.
Take Charge of Your Professional Network of Colleagues to Succeed in Academic Medicine
Authors: Nemeth Attila , Deshpande Neha , Zhang Yilin , Singh Mamta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Instead of relying on a single, dyadic mentor for career advice, we suggest creating and intentionally cultivating a professional network of colleagues (PNC) to guide your academic career. There are four archetypes to help clinician educators succeed in academic medicine: a traditional mentor, a sponsor, a coach, and a connector.1 However, these roles are not discrete, and overlap occurs. For example, some mentors are great sponsors. In fact, a clinician educator’s PNC is akin to a board of directors in the business world. A board of directors determines the direction and strategic plan of a company,2 while a PNC helps a clinician educator strategically navigate academia and provides career guidance.
It can be challenging to create a PNC. To choose membership for your PNC, we propose taking an active and self-reflective role. Ask where you see yourself in the future and perform a personal value assessment.3 Then, brainstorm with your PNC on how to achieve your goals. Use the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education’s Clinician Educator Milestones to develop valuable skills in academia,4 build your professional identity, and target areas for professional development. We present our strategy for using and maintaining a PNC below.
Assessing Data Adequacy in Qualitative Research Studies
Authors: Sims Danica , Cilliers Francois 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When undertaking qualitative research studies, researchers often use the concept of data saturation to justify sufficient sampling to cease data collection and analysis. We argue that this reveals a positivist perspective that is incompatible with qualitative research,1 which is instead based on constructivist, interpretivist, or other perspectives. Instead, we recommended the concepts of information power,
2
conceptual depth,
3 and theoretical sufficiency,
1,4,5 with data adequacy considered during research design and evaluated iteratively throughout the sampling, data collection, and analysis processes. The table below provides guidelines for when more, or less, data are needed to justify cessation of data collection and analysis. Both researchers and readers can use the criteria for assessing data adequacy.
The Shadow Economy of Effort: Unintended Consequences of Pass/Fail Grading on Medical Students’ Clinical Education and Patient Care Skills
Authors: Warm Eric , Hirsh David A. , Kinnear Benjamin , Besche Henrike C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The shift to pass/fail grading in undergraduate medical education was designed to reduce medical students’ stress. However, this change has given rise to a “shadow economy of effort,” as students move away from traditional didactic and clinical learning to engage in increasing numbers of research, volunteer, and work experiences to enhance their residency applications. These extracurricular efforts to secure a residency position are sub-phenomena of the hidden curriculum. Medical schools do not officially require all the activities students need to be most competitive for residency selection; therefore, students, as rational actors, participate in the activities they think will most help them succeed.
Here, the authors frame residency application and selection as a complex adaptive system (CAS), which self-organizes without centralized control or hierarchical intent. Individuals in a CAS operate in environments marked by volatility, randomness, and uncertainty—all of which are abundant in the residency selection process. Outcomes in such systems, like the development of a shadow economy, are novel, emergent, and cannot always be anticipated. To address these challenges, the authors suggest the need for deep understanding of the system’s elements, interrelationships, and dynamics, including feedback loops and emergent properties. Optimizing the results of a CAS requires incentivizing outcomes over activities, ensuring open information flow, and engaging in continuous monitoring and evaluation.
The current pass/fail era and resultant shadow economy of effort risk creating a triple harm by devaluing clinical excellence, burning out medical students, and potentially producing superficial, or worse inauthentic, academic and community work. Medical educators must optimize residency application and selection for cooperative outcomes and design incentives to ensure the outputs of medical education align student, institutional, patient, and societal goals. Without a set of predictive “answers,” the authors suggest a process of determining actions to advance this ultimate aim and reduce harm.
Studies on Shielding and Activation Levels in a Concrete-Iron-Concrete Sandwich Structure Wall in the CMUH Proton Therapy Facility
Authors: Fang Po-Wen , Hsieh Ying-I , Shiau An-Cheng , Sheu Rong-Jiun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The shielding performance and activation susceptibility of a sandwich wall in the proton therapy facility of China Medical University Hospital were investigated in an integrated manner using FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations. The 2-m-thick partition wall between two adjoining treatment rooms had a three-layered structure, which comprised a 0.2-m-thick iron layer sandwiched between two layers of 0.9-m-thick concrete. In comparison with that of a concrete wall of the same thickness, the shielding performance of the concrete-iron-concrete wall was marginally better, further reducing the transmitted dose rate by approximately a factor of 2 against secondary neutrons generated through proton bombardment. This study also investigated radioactivity levels from long-lived radionuclides (3H, 22Na, 54Mn, 55Fe, 60Co, 134Cs, 152Eu, and 154Eu) that are primarily induced in concrete or iron by neutrons. The specific activities of 54Mn, 55Fe, and 60Co in the middle iron layer were considerably higher (by factors of 75, 25, and 5, respectively) than those in the neighboring concrete. However, as for clearance levels, the index value of the iron layer was lower than that of the neighboring concrete because of the presence of fewer types of long-lived radionuclides in iron. Under irradiation scenarios considered in this study, the residual activity levels of the sandwich wall do not exceed those of a full-concrete wall, and the indexes at various depths estimated at 5 years cooling following a 20-y operational period comply with clearance criteria.
Trauma-Related Shame
Authors: Laughlin Lisa M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background
Feelings of shame after interpersonal assault directly impact survivor well-being. Although the concept of trauma-related shame has been well defined and applied in psychology, the direct application to nursing care for victims of sexual assault is unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was to perform an interdisciplinary concept analysis to clarify and synthesize the concept of trauma-related shame as it relates to interpersonal assault.

Method
A multidisciplinary literature search was conducted using the term “trauma-related shame.” Article titles and abstracts were reviewed for significance to interpersonal assault. Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis was used to identify attributes and related concepts and also clarify the contextual basis of trauma-related shame.

Results
The search resulted in 150 articles, 15 of which met the specified inclusion criteria. Fourteen of the selected articles were research studies, and one was a systematic review. A thematic analysis was used, and two attributes were identified: self-devaluation and self-isolation. An experience of trauma, fear, multivictimization, preexisting shame, low self-esteem, stigmatized events, and negative reactions from others were identified as antecedents. Finally, when reviewing for consequences, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder, distress, poor health outcomes, social withdrawal, and suicidal tendencies were identified as common themes.

Conclusion
This concept analysis is a first step in the further development and implementation of trauma-related shame in nursing. It will be vital to the provision of holistic care for the profession to conduct research and publish literature related to shame for survivors of interpersonal traumatic events.
An updated meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopy hepatectomy and laparoscopic hepatectomy in the treatment of liver tumors
Authors: Niu Fuyong , Wang Yefei , Bai Zhiyuan , He Zhiqiang , Wang Hailin , Li Furong 
Published: January 2025

Background:
To compare the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy (RALH) with laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) in the treatment of liver tumors.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of English-language literature was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to June 2024. Studies comparing RALH and LH for liver tumors were identified, and after qualitative evaluation, a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software.

Results:
After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 articles were included, including 29,969 patients, with 5673 in the RALH group and 24,296 in the LH group. The meta-analysis showed that compared with the LH group, surgery time was longer in the RALH group (MD = 55.33; 95% CI: 34.84–75.83; P < .001), the conversion to open surgery rate was higher (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03–1.05; P < .001), the total cost was higher (MD = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.14–0.73; P = .004), and the tumor diameter was larger (MD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.24–0.49; P < .001). Additionally, the R1 resection rate was higher in the RALH group (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03–1.06; P < .001). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of intraoperative transfusion rate, hepatic hilar occlusion rate, postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, mortality rate, malignancy rate, or R0 resection rate (P > .05).

Conclusion:
Based on current evidence, RALH is safe and effective, although it is associated with higher total costs, increased blood transfusion rates, and longer operative times. However, there were no significant differences between RALH and LH in terms of other outcome indicators, suggesting that both procedures offer similar surgical efficacy and safety. Further clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.