bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glyphosate adsorption on synthetic allophanes and halloysite: Effects of pH and mineral properties
Authors: Remlinger Vivian I. , Lenhardt Katharina R. , Rechberger Maria V. , Rennert Thilo , Rennhofer Harald , Tunega Daniel , Ottner Franz , Willinger Max , Zehetner Franz , Gerzabek Martin H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlyphosate (GLP) is a widely used herbicide with possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. In soils, GLP strongly adsorbs on clay‐sized minerals, depending on pH, the amount of organic carbon, as well as the contents and properties of Al and Fe oxyhydroxides and clay minerals. Many clay‐sized minerals have already been investigated regarding GLP adsorption behavior, but information on minerals commonly found in volcanic soils is still lacking.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the pH‐dependent adsorption of GLP on allophane and halloysite, typical minerals found in volcanic soils.MethodsGLP adsorption was studied in batch experiments at three pH values (5, 6, and 7). Synthetic allophanes with two different initial Al:Si ratios (1.4 and 1.8) and a halloysite were used as adsorbents.ResultsThe adsorption capacity (AC) increased with rising Al:Si ratio and decreasing pH. The AC of allophane was significantly higher than that of halloysite. GLP adsorption on allophane was larger than that reported for other clay minerals and Al and Fe oxyhydroxides, especially at low pH. The AC of halloysite was higher than reported for most other clay minerals.ConclusionDifferent mineral formation pathways in volcanic soils, notably the formation of halloysite versus allophanes, strongly affect the soils’ retention capacity for GLP. The high AC of allophanes may induce the low mobility of GLP in allophane‐containing soils. Long‐term use of GLP may accumulate the herbicide in these soils with potential effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Silencing of FRO1 gene affects iron homeostasis and nutrient balance in tomato plants
Authors: Gama Florinda , Saavedra Teresa , Dandlen Susana , García‐Caparrós Pedro , de Varennes Amarilis , Nolasco Gustavo , Correia Pedro José , Pestana Maribela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIron chlorosis is an abiotic stress of worldwide importance affecting several agronomic crops. It is important to understand how plants maintain nutrient homeostasis under Fe deficiency and recovery.AimsWe used the virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) method to elucidate the role of the FRO1 gene in tomato plants and identify the impact on regulation of the root ferric‐chelate reductase (FCR) activity and nutritional homeostasis.MethodsTomato plantlets cv. “Cherry” were transferred into half‐strength Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 0.5 µM of Fe (Fe0.5). In phase I, two treatments were established: control (Fe0.5) plants and VIGS‐0.5 plants corresponding to plants with the FRO1 gene silenced. In phase II, plants from Fe0.5 and VIGS‐0.5 were transferred to new nutrient solution and then grown for a further 14 days under 0 and 10 µM of Fe (as 0.5 µM would not be enough for the larger plants during phase II). Therefore, four treatments were imposed: Fe0, Fe10, VIGS‐0, and VIGS‐10.ResultsVIGS‐0.5 plants had significantly lower chlorophyll (Chl) and root FCR activity compared to the respective non‐silenced plants and retained more Cu and Zn in the roots at the expense of stems (Cu) or young leaves (Zn). Iron concentration in roots and stems decreased in FRO1 gene‐silenced plants, compared to control plants, but the allocation to different organs was similar in both treatments.ConclusionsThere was a partial recovery of leaf Chl in the VIGS‐10 plants and a higher concentration of Fe in all organs. In contrast, the allocation of Cu to roots decreased in the VIGS‐10 plants.
Deuterated PET: The new verification target of the Raman spectrometer for the MMX mission to explore Phobos
Authors: Moral Andoni G. , Mora Julio , Prieto‐Ballesteros Olga , Ercilla Oscar , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo , Canora Carlos P. , Bonales Laura J. , Fernandez‐Sampedro Maite , Sanz‐Arranz J.A. , Herrera Alejandro , Alonso Rafael , Rull Fernando , Böttger Ute , Cho Yuichiro , Schröder Susanne , Hübers Heinz‐Wilhelm 
Published: July 2023

AbstractJAXA's upcoming MMX (Martian Moons eXploration) mission will deliver a small rover to Phobos, to explore its surface complementary to the MMX orbiter and the sample return lander. On board this rover is a Raman spectrometer, the RAX Instrument (RAman Spectrometer for MMX), a payload to science. RAX has been designed for being capable to analyze the mineral composition of the Phobos' surface, in order to help reveal the nature and distribution of materials on the surface and ultimately the origin and evolution of the moon. Attached to MMX spacecraft, with direct view from the RAX instrument, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) target will be placed for on‐ground and during cruise, spectral instrument performances verification, before the MMX rover is released and dropped to the Phobos surface for developing its scientific tasks. A novel deuterated PET material was proposed as verification target (VT) to check the spectral instrument performances. INTA‐CAB developed, manufactured and qualified for the MMX‐RAX space mission, 13 mm diameter and 2‐mm thick pellets of this material, which incorporates two relevant improvement characteristics: reduction in fluorescence and additional Raman bands with regard to ordinary PET used with this purpose. The material was selected as RAX VT and delivered to DLR for performance tests and later integration into the MMX rover together with the RAX flight model. The RAX VT will be critical to check the instrument performances during the several months cruise phase after launch and just before its landing on Phobos surface. This paper reports the development and characterization of the deuterated PET.
Effect of molecular weight and drying temperature on the physicochemical properties of chitosan edible film
Authors: Sutharsan Jenani , Boyer Cyrille Andre , Zhao Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundChitosan is the second most abundant polysaccharide abundant in nature after cellulose. In this study chitosan edible films with three different molecular weights (low [LMW], medium [MMW] and high [HMW] molecular weights) were prepared by drying them at room (21°C), 40 and 50°C and their physicochemical properties were characterized.ResultsMolecular weight had a positive effect on the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB) and swelling ability (SA) of the films. However, film solubility(S) and water vapor permeability (WVP) were negatively affected. Higher drying temperatures increased the TS of the films whereas lower drying temperatures increased the MC, S, WVP and the EAB of the films. All the films prepared were transparent; however, films made with LMW chitosan were yellowish color. FTIR spectra of the films were influenced by the molecular weight of chitosan and the drying temperature, which revealed that there was an interaction between MW and the drying temperature.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that films made with medium MW chitosan by drying at room temperature had the most favorable properties for food packaging applications.
1927nm fractional thulium fiber laser combined with 30% salicylic acid for the treatment of acne and acne scars: A prospective, randomized, and split‐face study
Authors: Huang Shi‐Liu , Ye Dan , Xue Huan , Wang Zhao‐Yang , Yang Meng‐Yao , Qiao Si‐Meng , Li You‐Bao , Zhu Yu , Mu Sheng‐Zhi , Yang Fan , Wang Zhao , Zeng Wei‐Hui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesPatients with acne usually develops acne scars subsequently, early intervention of scars is crucial in acne management. 1927nm fractional thulium fiber laser (TFL) is effective in scars improvement and chemical peels with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) can be applied for the treatment of acne. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of TFL monotherapy versus the concomitant application of TFL and 30% SSA on acne and acne scars.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three patients with acne and acne scars were enrolled, and two sides of the face were randomly divided to receive either TFL and SSA chemical peeling or TFL. Four sessions of TFL treatments were applied with 4‐week intervals for both sides, SSA combined treatment side received eight SSA chemical peels with 2‐week intervals additionally. GAGS, ECCA score, the number of acne lesions, melanin index (MI) and erythema index (EI), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and side effects were recorded at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 18. Satisfaction of patients was recorded on both sides at the end of the study.ResultsThirty patients completed the study. Both control group (TFL monotherapy) and SSA group (TFL combined with SSA chemical peeling) significantly improved GAGS and ECCA score. SSA group showed higher efficacy in terms of GAGS and ECCA score, acne lesion count, TEWL, MI, EI, and satisfaction than control group. All the side effects were temporary and tolerable, no adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsBoth TFL and the TFL combined with 30% SSA chemical peeling are safe and effective for the treatment and prevention of acne and acne scars, though the combined group has higher efficacy.
Remodeling of Gut Microbiota by Probiotics Alleviated Heat Stroke‐Induced Necroptosis in Male Germ Cells
Authors: Cai Hui , Qin Dezhe , Liu Yundie , Guo Xinrui , Liu Yang , Ma Baohua , Hua Jinlian , Peng Sha 
Published: July 2023

ScopeSystemic heat stress (or heatstroke; HS) induces germ cell death and spermatogenesis disorders in men and male mammals. Also, it affects the immune environment of the circulatory system promoting gut inflammation and intestinal permeability, leading to pathogenic infection. In this study, the crosstalk between the gut and testis (gut‐testis axis) under HS is explored, by examining the effects of intestinal immune status on the health of the male reproductive system in mice.Methods and resultsA mouse model of systemic heat stress is established to investigate the effect of probiotics on testis health. The results reveal that pro‐inflammatory factor receptor activation pathway and pathogen infection response pathway are significantly upregulated in HS testes, leading to necroptosis, while pro‐inflammatory factor and endotoxin are detected locally in the intestine and then entered the blood. The study then uses probiotics to intervene in gut microbiota, which results in milder gut microbial changes, lower inflammatory responses in the HS gut, and less necroptosis in the HS testes.ConclusionProbiotics‐based remodeling of gut microbiota (GM) reduces the proliferation of abnormal bacteria and decreases the spread of gut‐derived inflammatory mediators into the blood circulation under long‐term systemic heat stress, which relieves inflammation on germ cells.
Nonlocal geometric fracture theory: A nonlocal‐local asymptotically compatible framework for continuous–discontinuous deformation of solid materials
Authors: Yu Haitao , Sun Yuqi 
Published: July 2023

SummaryOne of the fundamental but unsolved problems in fracture mechanics of solid materials is how to describe the continuous and discontinuous deformation of continuum in a unified manner. This paper aims to develop a novel nonlocal geometric fracture theory attempting to address this essential issue. Using the concepts of nonlocal calculus, a new nonlocal equation for the deformation of continuum is obtained by minimizing a nonlocal Lagrangian. This is done to ensure that the proposed nonlocal model can be used to describe the continuous and discontinuous deformation of a continuum in a unified geometric manner, as well as to be asymptotically compatible with the classical continuum theory. Inspired by the phase field fracture theory, a nonlocal geometric crack surface functional is proposed to approximate the Griffith fracture energy in continuum. Note, however, that a distinguished feature of the proposed functional is that it enables strong discontinuities appear in the crack phase fields, which is difficult for the phase field fracture theory. After obtaining the nonlocal fracture energy, a nonlocal elastic energy is phenomenologically decomposed into volumetric and deviatoric parts, and then a system of nonlocal geometric fracture equations is derived to describe the damage nucleation, cracks initiation and propagation, which covers the whole physical process of fracture in solid materials. A staggered discontinuous Galerkin method is developed to reach an accurate and stable numerical solution. Numerical examples demonstrate the proposed theory can well capture the transition from the continuous to discontinuous deformation of the continuum and accurately describe the topological evolution of cracks in a unified framework.
Fluid hunter motivation in Central Africa: Effects on behaviour, bushmeat and income
Authors: Froese Graden Z. L. , Ebang Mbélé Alex , Beirne Christopher , Bazza Blaise , Dzime N’noh Sylvain , Ebeba Jovin , Edzidzie Jocelin , Ekazama Koto Serge , Metandou Jonas Landry , Mossindji Clotaire , Ngoboutseboue Irma , Nzemfoule Eric , Ingram Daniel J. , Krapu Christopher , Baral Abhishek , Saha Srishti , Poulsen John R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Individual motivation for the rural use of common‐pool resources (CPRs) can be fluid, with the line between subsistence and commercial often unclear and in flux.

Implications of fluid motivation are understudied yet important for social–ecological systems (SESs), such as bushmeat hunting throughout Central Africa that is essential to local protein/nutrition, income and culture.

Making locally informative predictions of multiple SESs nested within a landscape‐scale SES has been historically difficult, but community‐driven participatory approaches provide new kinds and quantities of data, opening previously inaccessible doors for research and governance.

We apply hierarchical Bayesian structural equation modelling to a novel dataset of 910 hunts from 111 gun and trap hunters across nine villages in Gabon, generated in a participatory process whereby hunters conducted GPS self‐follows in conjunction with paraecologist surveys of their motivation, behaviour and offtake. We (i) establish the human behaviour driving gun‐hunting and trapping success and predict its effect on offtake across villages and (ii) link fluid motivation of gun hunters to their behaviour, number of animals hunted, biomass yielded and income earned.

Gun hunts across villages yielded more animals during the night than the day, and when hunters brought high amounts of ammunition and walked far distances from villages. Gun hunts were less successful when coupled with trapping while per‐hunt success of trapping itself was generally low and difficult to predict. Fluid gun hunters hunted fewer animals when motivated strictly by subsistence, despite no reduction in ammunition brought or distance walked, while offtake from strictly commercial versus mixed motivation was the same. Numbers of animals hunted, biomass and income were tightly linked. We discuss the implications of these results for the ecological sustainability of hunting and participatory forecasting in bushmeat research and policy.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effects of harvesting and stubble management on abundance of pest rodents (Mus musculus) in a conservation agriculture system
Authors: Ruscoe Wendy A. , Brown Peter R. , Henry Steve , van de Weyer Nikki , Robinson Freya , Hinds Lyn A. , Duncan Richard P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe shift to more environmentally sensitive agricultural practices over the last several decades has changed farmland landscapes worldwide. Changes including no‐till and retaining high biomass mulch has been coincident with an increase in rodent pests in South Africa, India, South America and Europe, indicating a possible conflict between conservation agriculture (CA) and rodent pest management. Research on effects of various crop management practices associated with CA on pest rodent population dynamics is needed to anticipate and develop CA‐relevant management strategies.RESULTSDuring the Australian 2020–2021 mouse plague, farmers used postharvest stubble management practices, including flattening and/or cutting, to reduce stubble cover in paddocks to lessen habitat suitability for pest house mice. We used this opportunity to assess the effects of both harvest and stubble management on the movement and abundance of mice in paddocks using mouse trapping and radio tracking. We found that most tracked mice remained resident in paddocks throughout harvest, and that mouse population abundance was generally unaffected by stubble management.CONCLUSIONRecent conversions to CA practices have changed how pest house mice use cropped land. Management practices that reduce postharvest habitat complexity do not appear to reduce the attractiveness of paddocks to mice, and further research into new management strategies in addition to toxic bait use is required as part of an integrated pest management approach. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
An Immunomodulatory Biomimetic Single‐Atomic Nanozyme for Biofilm Wound Healing Management
Authors: Zhang Juyang , Lv Mengdi , Wang Xinye , Wu Fan , Yao Cheng , Shen Jian , Zhou Ninglin , Sun Baohong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanozyme‐driven catalytic antibacterial therapy has become a promising modality for bacterial biofilm infections. However, current catalytic therapy of biofilm wounds is severely limited by insufficient catalytic efficiency, excessive inflammation, and deep tissue infection. Drawing from the homing mechanism of natural macrophages, herein, a hollow mesoporous biomimetic single‐atomic nanozyme (SAN) is fabricated to actively target inflamed parts, suppress inflammatory factors, and eliminate deeply organized bacteria for enhance biofilm eradication. In the formulation, this biomimetic nanozyme (Co@SAHSs@IL‐4@RCM) consists of IL‐4‐loaded cobalt SANs‐embedded hollow sphere encapsulate by RAW 264.7 cell membrane (RCM). Upon accumulation at the infected sites through the specific receptors of RCM, Co@SAHS catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals and are further amplify by NIR‐II photothermal effect and glutathione depletion to permeate and destroy biofilm structure. This behavior subsequently causes the dissociation of RCM shell and the ensuing release of IL‐4 that can reprogram macrophages, enabling suppression of oxidative injury and tissue inflammation. The work paves the way to engineer alternative “all‐in‐one” SANs with an immunomodulatory ability and offers novel insights into the design of bioinspired materials.
The Evolution of MXenes Conductivity and Optical Properties Upon Heating in Air
Authors: Shamsabadi Ahmad A. , Fang Hui , Zhang Danzhen , Thakur Anupma , Chen Cindy Y. , Zhang Aixi , Wang Haonan , Anasori Babak , Soroush Masoud , Gogotsi Yury , Fakhraai Zahra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMXenes, a family of 2D transition‐metal carbides and nitrides, have excellent electrical conductivity and unique optical properties. However, MXenes oxidize in ambient conditions, which is accelerated upon heating. Intercalation of water also causes hydrolysis accelerating oxidation. Developing new tools to readily characterize MXenes’ thermal stability can enable deeper insights into their structure–property relationships. Here, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is employed to characterize the optical properties of three types of MXenes (Ti3C2Tx, Mo2TiC2Tx, and Ti2CTx) with varied composition and atomistic structures to investigate their thermal degradation upon heating under ambient environment. It is demonstrated that changes in MXene extinction and optical conductivity in the visible and near‐IR regions correlate well with the amount of intercalated water and hydroxyl termination groups and the degree of oxidation, measured using thermogravimetric analysis. Among the three MXenes, Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx, respectively, have the highest and lowest thermal stability, indicating the role of transition‐metal type, synthesis route, and the number of atomic layers in MXene flakes. These findings demonstrate the utility of SE as a powerful in situ technique for rapid structure–property relationship studies paving the way for the further design, fabrication, and property optimization of novel MXene materials.
Active Learning of Deterministic Timed Automata with Myhill-Nerode Style Characterization
Authors: Waga Masaki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present an algorithm to learn a deterministic timed automaton (DTA) via membership and equivalence queries. Our algorithm is an extension of the L* algorithm with a Myhill-Nerode style characterization of recognizable timed languages, which is the class of timed languages recognizable by DTAs. We first characterize the recognizable timed languages with a Nerode-style congruence. Using it, we give an algorithm with a smart teacher answering symbolic membership queries in addition to membership and equivalence queries. With a symbolic membership query, one can ask the membership of a certain set of timed words at one time. We prove that for any recognizable timed language, our learning algorithm returns a DTA recognizing it. We show how to answer a symbolic membership query with finitely many membership queries. We also show that our learning algorithm requires a polynomial number of queries with a smart teacher and an exponential number of queries with a normal teacher. We applied our algorithm to various benchmarks and confirmed its effectiveness with a normal teacher.
Overcoming Memory Weakness with Unified Fairness
Authors: Abdulla Parosh Aziz , Atig Mohamed Faouzi , Godbole Adwait , Krishna Shankaranarayanan , Vahanwala Mihir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider the verification of liveness properties for concurrent programs running on weak memory models. To that end, we identify notions of fairness that preclude demonic non-determinism, are motivated by practical observations, and are amenable to algorithmic techniques. We provide both logical and stochastic definitions of our fairness notions, and prove that they are equivalent in the context of liveness verification. In particular, we show that our fairness allows us to reduce the liveness problem (repeated control state reachability) to the problem of simple control state reachability. We show that this is a general phenomenon by developing a uniform framework which serves as the formal foundation of our fairness definition, and can be instantiated to a wide landscape of memory models. These models include SC, TSO, PSO, (Strong/Weak) Release-Acquire, Strong Coherence, FIFO-consistency, and RMO.
Unblocking Dynamic Partial Order Reduction
Authors: Kokologiannakis Michalis , Marmanis Iason , Vafeiadis Viktor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Existing dynamic partial order reduction (DPOR) algorithms scale poorly on concurrent data structure benchmarks because they visit a huge number of blocked executions due to spinloops.In response, we develop Awamoche, a sound, complete, and strongly optimal DPOR algorithm that avoids exploring any useless blocked executions in programs with await and confirmation-CAS loops. Consequently, it outperforms the state-of-the-art, often by an exponential factor.