bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative energy balance hinders prosocial helping behavior
Authors: Pozo Macarena , Milà-Guasch Maria , Haddad-Tóvolli Roberta , Boudjadja Mehdi Boutagouga , Chivite Iñigo , Toledo Miriam , Gómez-Valadés Alicia G. , Eyre Elena , Ramírez Sara , Obri Arnaud , Ben-Ami Bartal Inbal , D'Agostino Giuseppe , Costa-Font Joan , Claret Marc 
Published: April 2023

The internal state of an animal, including homeostatic requirements, modulates its behavior. Negative energy balance stimulates hunger, thus promoting a range of actions aimed at obtaining food. While these survival actions are well established, the influence of the energy status on prosocial behavior remains unexplored. We developed a paradigm to assess helping behavior in which a free mouse was faced with a conspecific trapped in a restrainer. We measured the willingness of the free mouse to liberate the confined mouse under diverse metabolic conditions. Around 42% of ad libitum–fed mice exhibited a helping behavior, as evidenced by the reduction in the latencies to release the trapped cagemate. This behavior was independent of subsequent social contact reward and was associated with changes in corticosterone indicative of emotional contagion. This decision-making process was coupled with reduced blood glucose excursions and higher Adenosine triphosphate (ATP):Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ratios in the forebrain of helper mice, suggesting that it was a highly energy-demanding process. Interestingly, chronic (food restriction and type 2 diabetes) and acute (chemogenetic activation of hunger-promoting AgRP neurons) situations mimicking organismal negative energy balance and enhanced appetite attenuated helping behavior toward a distressed conspecific. To investigate similar effects in humans, we estimated the influence of glycated hemoglobin (a surrogate of long-term glycemic control) on prosocial behavior (namely charity donation) using the Understanding Society dataset. Our results evidenced that organismal energy status markedly influences helping behavior and that hypothalamic AgRP neurons are at the interface of metabolism and prosocial behavior.
The interpersonal semantics of rhetoric
Authors: Chen Wenge , Zhang Ranran 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Different from previous linguistic studies on rhetoric, which primarily concern the ideational semantics and the logic of sentences, this article attempts to deal systematically with the interpersonal semantics of rhetoric by drawing on the comprehensive appraisal framework of systemic functional linguistics (Martin and White 2005) and explores the mechanism of rhetorical persuasion in science communication via appraisal through a case study of the gene-modification (GM) debate in China. It first examines the rhetorical appeals of the subsystems of appraisal and then based on a self-constructed and coded corpus of GM debate discourses, it compares how institutional (the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and the Greenpeace Organization) and individual stakeholders (Cui Yongyuan and Fang Zhouzi) of different ideological interests in the GM debate mobilize the interpersonal semantic resources to rhetorical effects to persuade the audience of the safety/danger of the GM technology and products. The analysis reveals that while the opinion leaders choose ‘soft’ persuasion by heavily using affect and judgement resources, the institutions opt for ‘hard’ persuasion by utilizing more appreciation resources. The four parties all prefer contracting resources over expanding resources of engagement, which restricts the space of negotiation. Their communicative motives are interpreted through the lens of the rhetoric theory, and the implications and consequences for science communication in the post-truth era are discussed. Theoretically, the paper contributes to understanding the persuasion mechanism of appraisal and to understanding the science vs. society, and government vs. citizens relationship.
A dictionary-reconstruction approach for separating helical-guided waves in cylindrical pipes
Authors: Qian Zhi , Zhang Chenchen , Li Peng , Wang Bin , Qian Zhenghua , Kuznetsova Iren , Li Xiangyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pipes, which have a hollow cylindrical structure, are very susceptible to corrosion in industrial environments. Pipe wall loss can be evaluated by measuring helical-guided waves; however, various paths of these waves are easily superposed in the received signals due to the cyclic nature of the pipe’s geometry. The overlap phenomenon can be more serious when the guided wave contains multimodes. A signal-processing approach based on dictionary reconstruction for separating helical-guided waves in cylindrical pipes is established to get rid of this dilemma. The full-wave packet with a single mode and single path can be extracted successfully utilizing this method. In this work, the pipe wall is expanded into an infinite plane and a linear wave number model is adopted with the assumption of a narrowband excitation at the initial stage. After that, an over-completed dictionary containing all modes and propagation paths is designed based on this model to decompose the received signal. The specific process of decomposition is implemented through a single-layer neural network to solve the mode and path weight factors. Simulated and experimental cases are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that this method can completely separate the wave signals of all modes and paths even when the process is full of noise. This signal-processing approach can provide an important technical reference for high-precision imaging of helical-guided waves.
Exceptional degeneracies in non-Hermitian Rashba semiconductors
Authors: Cayao Jorge 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Exceptional points (EPs) are spectral degeneracies of non-Hermitian (NH) systems where eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, inducing unique topological phases that have no counterpart in the Hermitian realm. Here we consider an NH system by coupling a two-dimensional semiconductor with Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) to a ferromagnet lead and show the emergence of highly tunable EPs along rings in momentum space. Interestingly, these exceptional degeneracies are the endpoints of lines formed by the eigenvalue coalescence at finite real energy, resembling the bulk Fermi arcs commonly defined at zero real energy. We then show that an in-plane Zeeman field provides a way to control these exceptional degeneracies although higher values of non-Hermiticity are required in contrast to the zero Zeeman field regime. Furthermore, we find that the spin projections also coalescence at the exceptional degeneracies and can acquire larger values than in the Hermitian regime. Finally, we demonstrate that the exceptional degeneracies induce large spectral weights, which can be used as a signature for their detection. Our results thus reveal the potential of systems with Rashba SOC for realizing NH bulk phenomena.
Ultrathin GaN quantum wells in AlN nanowires for UV-C emission
Authors: Vermeersch Rémy , Jacopin Gwénolé , Castioni Florian , Rouvière Jean-Luc , García-Cristóbal Alberto , Cros Ana , Pernot Julien , Daudin Bruno 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Molecular beam epitaxy growth and optical properties of GaN quantum disks in AlN nanowires were investigated, with the purpose of controlling the emission wavelength of AlN nanowire-based light emitting diodes. Besides GaN quantum disks with a thickness ranging from 1 to 4 monolayers, a special attention was paid to incomplete GaN disks exhibiting lateral confinement. Their emission consists of sharp lines which extend down to 215 nm, in the vicinity of AlN band edge. The room temperature cathodoluminescence intensity of an ensemble of GaN quantum disks embedded in AlN nanowires is about 20% of the low temperature value, emphasizing the potential of ultrathin/incomplete GaN quantum disks for deep UV emission.
Micro-tearing mode dominated electron heat transport in DIII-D H-mode pedestal
Authors: Chen J. , Jian X. , Brower D.L. , Haskey S.R. , Yan Z. , Groebner R. , Wang H.Q. , Rhodes T.L. , Laggner F. , Ding W. , Barada K. , Banerjee S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new, comprehensive set of evidence reveals that Micro-Tearing Modes (MTMs) dominate pedestal electron heat transport in an H-mode experiment in the DIII-D tokamak. The experiment investigates the role of MTMs by scanning pedestal collisionality, a main drive of MTM instability, from 0.43 to 0.84 on the pedestal top. Broadband (150–800 kHz) magnetic and density fluctuations originating from the pedestal gradient region and highly consistent with MTMs are observed, with amplitude increasing during the scan. The higher magnetic fluctuation amplitude correlates with a lower pedestal electron temperature gradient, implying MTMs may regulate the pedestal electron heat transport. The collisionality scan results in profile and transport changes consistent with predicted transport capability of MTMs: (1) experimentally-determined electron heat diffusivity increases ∼40% at the location where the broadband density fluctuations peak; (2) ion heat diffusivity has less increase (<20%); and (3) a locally flattened region in the electron temperature pedestal is observed at high collisionality. A local, linear gyrokinetic simulation finds MTMs as the most unstable mode in the pedestal gradient region. In addition, local, nonlinear simulations suggest MTMs can dominate and drive experimentally-relevant, megawatt-level electron heat flux. This result establishes MTMs as an effective transport mechanism in the H-mode pedestal, in particular at high collisionality.
Health Insurance and Initiation of Direct-Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C in US Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Edmonds Andrew , Haley Danielle F , Edwards Jessie K , Ramirez Catalina , French Audrey L , Tien Phyllis C , Plankey Michael , Sharma Anjali , Augenbraun Michael , Seaberg Eric C , Workowski Kimberly , Alcaide Maria L , Albrecht Svenja , Adimora Adaora A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is well tolerated, cost-effective, and yields high sustained virologic response rates, yet it has remained financially inaccessible to many patients.

Methods
Participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (an observational US cohort) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV (RNA+) reporting no prior hepatitis C treatment were followed for DAA initiation (2015–2019). We estimated risk ratios (RRs) of the relationship between time-varying health insurance status and DAA initiation, adjusting for confounders with stabilized inverse probability weights. We also estimated weighted cumulative incidences of DAA initiation by health insurance status.

Results
A total of 139 women (74% Black) were included; at baseline, the median age was 55 years and 86% were insured. Most had annual household incomes ≤$18 000 (85%); advanced liver fibrosis (21%), alcohol use (45%), and recreational drug use (35%) were common. Across 439 subsequent semiannual visits, 88 women (63%) reported DAA initiation. Compared with no health insurance, health insurance increased the likelihood of reporting DAA initiation at a given visit (RR, 4.94; 95% confidence limit [CL], 1.92 to 12.8). At 2 years, the weighted cumulative incidence of DAA initiation was higher among the insured (51.2%; 95% CL, 43.3% to 60.6%) than the uninsured (3.5%; 95% CL, 0.8% to 14.6%).

Conclusions
Accounting for clinical, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors over time, health insurance had a substantial positive effect on DAA initiation. Interventions to increase insurance coverage should be prioritized to increase HCV curative therapy uptake for persons with HIV.
Results of the ARROW survey of anti-reflux practice in the United Kingdom
Authors:   The ARROW Study Group, Blencowe Natalie S , Currie Andrew , Findlay John M , Hollyman Marianne , Hornby Steve , Ireland Phil , Jaunoo Shameen , Koshy Renol , Lloyd Megan , Mahadevan Anantha , Markar Sheraz R , Noble Fergus , O’Neill Robert , Rahman Saqib , Underwood Tim , Walker Robert , Wiggins Tom , Wilson Michael ,   Writing Group, Walker Robert , Currie Andrew , Wiggins Tom , Markar Sheraz R , Blencowe Natalie S , Underwood Tim , Hollyman Marianne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common, significant health burden. United Kingdom guidance states that surgery should be considered for patients with a diagnosis of GERD not suitable for long-term acid suppression. There is no consensus on many aspects of patient pathways and optimal surgical technique, and an absence of information on how patients are currently selected for surgery. Further detail on the delivery of anti-reflux surgery (ARS) is required. A United Kingdom-wide survey was designed to gather surgeon opinion regarding pre-, peri- and post-operative practice of ARS. Responses were received from 155 surgeons at 57 institutions. Most agreed that endoscopy (99%), 24-hour pH monitoring (83%) and esophageal manometry (83%) were essential investigations prior to surgery. Of 57 units, 30 (53%) had access to a multidisciplinary team to discuss cases; case-loads were higher in those units (median 50 vs. 30, P &lt; 0.024). The most popular form of fundoplication was a Nissen posterior 360° (75% of surgeons), followed by a posterior 270° Toupet (48%). Only seven surgeons stated they had no upper limit of body mass index prior to surgery. A total of 46% of respondents maintain a database of their practice and less than a fifth routinely record quality of life scores before (19%) or after (14%) surgery. While there are areas of consensus, a lack of evidence to support workup, intervention and outcome evaluation is reflected in the variability of practice. ARS patients are not receiving the same level of evidence-based care as other patient groups.
Are There Pluralities of Worlds?
Authors: Schmitt Viola 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Indicative conditionals and configurations with neg-raising predicates have been brought up as potential candidates for constructions involving world pluralities. I argue against this hypothesis, showing that cumulativity and quantifiers targeting a plurality’s part structure cannot access the presumed world pluralities. I furthermore argue that this makes worlds special in the sense that the same tests provide evidence for pluralities in various other semantic domains.
KK, Knowledge, Knowability
Authors: San Weng Kin 
Published: April 2023

Abstractkk states that knowing entails knowing that one knows, and K¬K states that not knowing entails knowing that one does not know. In light of the arguments against kk and K¬K, one might consider modally qualified variants of those principles. According to weak kk, knowing entails the possibility of knowing that one knows. And according to weakK¬K, not knowing entails the possibility of knowing that one does not know. This paper shows that weak kk and weakK¬K are much stronger than they initially appear. Jointly, they entail kk and K¬K. And they are susceptible to variants of the standard arguments against kk and K¬K. This has interesting implications for the debate on positive introspection and for deeper issues concerning the structure and limits of knowability.
Gas and star kinematics in cloud–cloud collisions
Authors: Wurster James , Bonnell Ian A 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTWe model the collision of molecular clouds to investigate the role of the initial properties on the remnants. Our clouds collide and evolve in a background medium that is approximately ten times less dense than the clouds, and we show that this relatively dense background is dynamically important for the evolution of the collision remnants. Given the motion of the clouds and the remnants through the background, we develop, implement, and introduce dynamic boundary conditions. We investigate the effects of the initial cloud mass, velocity, internal turbulence, and impact angle. The initial velocity and its components have the largest effect on the remnant. This affects the spatial extent of the remnant, which affects the number of resulting star clusters and the distribution of their masses. The less extended remnants tend to have fewer, but more massive, clusters. Unlike the clusters, the gas distributions are relatively insensitive to the initial conditions, both the distribution of the bulk gas properties and the gas clumps. In general, cloud collisions are relatively insensitive to their initial conditions when modelled hydrodynamically in a dynamically important background medium.
Features of Gaia DR3 spectroscopic binaries I. Tidal circularization of main-sequence stars
Authors: Bashi Dolev , Mazeh Tsevi , Faigler Simchon 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Previous studies pointed out that many observed samples of short-period binaries display a cut-off period, Pcut, such that almost all binaries with periods shorter than Pcut have circular orbits. This feature is probably due to long-term circularization processes induced by tidal interaction between the two stars of each binary. It seemed as if coeval main-sequence (MS) samples of open clusters display Pcut that depends on the sample age. Using the unprecedentedly large sample of MS spectroscopic orbits recently released by Gaia, we have found that the Pcut does not depend on the stellar age but, instead, varies with stellar temperature, decreasing linearly from 6.5 d at Teff ∼ 5700 K to ∼2.5 d at 6800 K. Pcut was derived by a new algorithm that relied on clear upper envelopes displayed in the period-eccentricity diagrams. Our Pcut determines both the border between the circular and eccentric binaries and the location of the upper envelope. The results are inconsistent with the theory, which assumes circularization occurs during the stellar MS phase, a theory that was adopted by many studies. The circularization has probably taken place at the pre-main-sequence phase, as suggested already in 1989 by Zahn and Bouchet, and later by Khaluillin and Khaluillina in 2011. Our results suggest that the weak dependence of Pcut on the cluster age is not significant, and/or might be due to the different temperatures of the samples. If indeed true, this has far-reaching implications for the theory of binary and exoplanet circularization, synchronization, and alignment.
CTC1 OB-B interaction with TPP1 terminates telomerase and prevents telomere overextension
Authors: Wang Huan , Ma Tengfei , Zhang Xiaotong , Chen Wei , Lan Yina , Kuang Guotao , Hsu Shih-Jui , He Zibin , Chen Yuxi , Stewart Jason , Bhattacharjee Anukana , Luo Zhenhua , Price Carolyn , Feng Xuyang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) is a telomere associated complex that binds ssDNA and is required for multiple steps in telomere replication, including termination of G-strand extension by telomerase and synthesis of the complementary C-strand. CST contains seven OB-folds which appear to mediate CST function by modulating CST binding to ssDNA and the ability of CST to recruit or engage partner proteins. However, the mechanism whereby CST achieves its various functions remains unclear. To address the mechanism, we generated a series of CTC1 mutants and studied their effect on CST binding to ssDNA and their ability to rescue CST function in CTC1−/− cells. We identified the OB-B domain as a key determinant of telomerase termination but not C-strand synthesis. CTC1-ΔB expression rescued C-strand fill-in, prevented telomeric DNA damage signaling and growth arrest. However, it caused progressive telomere elongation and the accumulation of telomerase at telomeres, indicating an inability to limit telomerase action. The CTC1-ΔB mutation greatly reduced CST-TPP1 interaction but only modestly affected ssDNA binding. OB-B point mutations also weakened TPP1 association, with the deficiency in TPP1 interaction tracking with an inability to limit telomerase action. Overall, our results indicate that CTC1-TPP1 interaction plays a key role in telomerase termination.
Prediction differences and implications of acute kidney injury with and without urine output criteria in adult critically ill patients
Authors: Wu Lijuan , Li Yanqin , Zhang Xiangzhou , Chen Xuanhui , Li Deyang , Nie Sheng , Li Xin , Bellou Abdelouahab 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Due to the convenience of serum creatinine (SCr) monitoring and the relative complexity of urine output (UO) monitoring, most studies have predicted acute kidney injury (AKI) only based on SCr criteria. This study aimed to compare the differences between SCr alone and combined UO criteria in predicting AKI.

Methods
We applied machine learning methods to evaluate the performance of 13 prediction models composed of different feature categories on 16 risk assessment tasks (half used only SCr criteria, half used both SCr and UO criteria). The area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), the area under precision recall curve (AUPRC) and calibration were used to assess the prediction performance.

Results
In the first week after ICU admission, the prevalence of any AKI was 29% under SCr criteria alone and increased to 60% when the UO criteria was combined. Adding UO to SCr criteria can significantly identify more AKI patients. The predictive importance of feature types with and without UO was different. Using only laboratory data maintained similar predictive performance to the full feature model under only SCr criteria [e.g. for AKI within the 48-h time window after 1 day of ICU admission, AUROC (95% confidence interval) 0.83 (0.82, 0.84) vs 0.84 (0.83, 0.85)], but it was not sufficient when the UO was added [corresponding AUROC (95% confidence interval) 0.75 (0.74, 0.76) vs 0.84 (0.83, 0.85)].

Conclusions
This study found that SCr and UO measures should not be regarded as equivalent criteria for AKI staging, and emphasizes the importance and necessity of UO criteria in AKI risk assessment.
Review of recent water photovoltaics development
Authors: Hu Jianke , Teng Kai , Li Changjie , Li Xianpei , Wang Jun , Lund Peter D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation plays an important role in the clean energy. Placing PV on water has therefore become an interesting alternative siting solution. In this paper, the floating photovoltaic system is divided into four categories: fixed pile photovoltaic system, floating photovoltaic system, floating platform system and floating photovoltaic tracking system and the principles, technologies and future challenges of PV systems on water will be reviewed. Other challenges encountered with water PV are discussed and future research directions are presented.