bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larger diurnal temperature range undermined later autumn leaf senescence with warming in Europe
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Desheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimClimate change regulates autumn leaf senescence date (LSD), exhibiting a strong phenological control of plant carbon uptake. Unlike the delaying effect of daily mean temperature (Tmean) on LSD, the impact of warming asymmetry in daytime and nighttime, as evidenced by variations of the diurnal temperature range (DTR), remains elusive. The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and ecological impacts of DTR on LSD using long‐term in situ observations and to predict the future trends of LSD under warming.LocationEurope.Time period1950–2015.Major taxa studiedPlant phenology.MethodsWe used partial correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and ridge regression to explore the impacts of DTR on LSD. To quantify the importance of potential drivers of LSD, we trained random forest models and applied the SHapley Additive exPlanations method to isolate the marginal contributions of each predictor on LSD. For LSD modelling and projection, we first evaluated two temperature‐driven LSD models [i.e., cooling‐degree‐day (CDD, without DTR effect) and day–night‐temperature CDD (DNCDD, with DTR effect)], then applied them to predict future LSDs.ResultsWe found that observational increases in Tmean and DTR had contrasting effects on LSD. Increased Tmean delayed the LSD, whereas larger DTR overall had an advancing effect. Considering the DTR effect, the Tmean sensitivity of LSD was 14% lower than presently estimated (2.4 vs. 2.8 days °C−1). Warming asymmetry‐related drought stress and plant functional traits (i.e., plant isohydricity and water‐use efficiency) potentially explained the advancing effect of DTR on LSD. We found that current projections of future LSD are overestimated because the DTR effect is discounted, suggesting the need for an adequate understanding of how plant phenology responds to warming asymmetry.Main conclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of DTR in controlling LSD variations with an advancing‐dominant effect and call for the improvement of phenology modelling incorporating the DTR effect. Given that DTR showed a globally narrowing trend over the last several decades, more efforts are needed to understand the potential ecological impacts of warming asymmetry and vegetation response to climate change.
Staff perceptions of the effectiveness of managerial communication during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Doleman Gemma , Coventry Linda , Towell‐Barnard Amanda , Ghosh Manonita , Gent Lucy , Saunders Rosemary , O'Connell Beverly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis work aims to explore staff perceptions of (1) the effectiveness of organizational communication during the COVID‐19 pandemic and (2) the impact of organizational communication on staff well‐being and ability to progress their work and patient care.BackgroundEffective coordination and communication are essential in a pandemic management response. However, the effectiveness of communication strategies used during the COVID‐19 pandemic is not well understood.DesignAn exploratory cross‐sectional research design was used. A 33‐item survey tool was created for the study.MethodsThe study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Western Australia. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from nursing, medical, allied health services, administrative and clerical, and personal support services (N = 325). Data were collected between December 2020 and May 2021.ResultsOverall, all occupational groups found working during the COVID‐19 pandemic stressful, and all groups wanted accessible and accurate communication from management and new policies, procedures, and protocols for future outbreaks.ConclusionsThe use of occupational group‐relevant strategies and COVID‐19 protocols, as well as the on‐going use of email, face‐to‐face meetings with debrief sessions, are needed to improve communication and support staff to fulfil their roles.
Fitting Moral Admiration: Achievements and Character
Authors: Fruh Kyle 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTI develop three arguments in support of my contention that we should favor achievements over agents as objects of fitting moral admiration. The first argument impugns the epistemic standing with which characterological admiration is standardly issued. The second argument alleges that there is likely to be a difference between widely held folk concepts of character and traits, on the one hand, and an empirically supported view of the reality of those things, on the other. The final argument concerns one way in which characterological admiration renders some aspects of our practices of admiring subject to undesirable revision. In each case I use an analogy to athletic admiration to show how achievement admiration avoids the problems of characterological admiration. I then suggest an alternative role for characterological considerations in fitting admiration, as a loose constraint on what is appropriate to admire rather than as an object of admiration. The upshot of the article is theoretical, inasmuch as it develops a tension between the conditions governing fitting admiration and an empirically informed view of character. But there is also practical upshot, especially in the context of public practices of admiring, as when we build statues of heroes or name buildings after them.
Affected family members social support experiences when assisting an individual with substance use disorder
Authors: Kane Eileen Marie , Snethen Julia A. , Gwon Seok Hyun , Oh Hyun‐Kyoung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionSocial support is a factor in the health and well‐being of all populations (WHO, 2018). Having a loved one with substance use disorder (SUD) negatively affects family members. Affected Family Members (AFM) providing support for individual with substance use disorder (ISUD) are at risk of losing their social support network. Losing social support negatively influences AFMs health and well‐being.DesignAs part of a larger mixed methods study, the researchers used qualitative inquiry to explore the experiences and perceptions of social support of the AFM of an ISUD.MethodsThe thematic framework of social support was applied to this qualitative study to identify the conceptual determinants of the perceptions and experiences of the AFM and the development of emergent themes. Participants completed an anonymous electronic survey that included Open‐ended questions. A total of 101 participants completed the open‐ended questions with 1088 narrative responses received. The utilization of an audit trail, reflexive journal, and in‐depth thematic analysis conducted by the researchers has ensured the rigor of the study.ResultsThree themes emerged from the AFMs perspective: (1) We are all alone, and we have to fend for ourselves, (2) No one understands what we are going through and (3) People cannot relate and recoil from us.ConclusionIdentification of the specific needs of the AFM was crucial, and the first step in designing programs in future research to provide social support for ensuring the health and well‐being of the AFM.Clinical RelevanceNurses need to provide family‐centred care to ISUD, including their AFMs, in order for the ISUD to continue to receive support to facilitate their recovery. This research highlights ways in which the nurse caring for the ISUD can provide supportive interventions for the AFMs.
Trajectory of maternal depression and parasomnias
Authors: Guttier Marília C. , Halal Camila S. , Matijasevich Alicia , Del‐Ponte Bianca , Tovo‐Rodrigues Luciana , Barros Fernando , Bassani Diego G. , Santos Iná S. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMaternal depressive symptoms are associated with poorer sleep quality in their children. Although parasomnias can occur at any age, this group of sleep disorders is more common in children. The aim of this study was to assess whether maternal depression trajectories predict parasomnias at the age of 11 years. Data were from a Birth Cohort of 4231 individuals followed in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 12, 24, and 48 months, and 6 and 11 years postpartum. Maternal depression trajectories were calculated using a group‐based modelling approach. Information on any parasomnias (confused arousals, sleepwalking, night terrors, and nightmares) was provided by the mother. Five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were identified: chronic‐low (34.9%), chronic‐moderate (41.4%), increasing (10.3%), decreasing (8.9%), and chronic‐high (4.4%). The prevalence of any parasomnia at the age of 11 years was 16.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.6%–18.1%). Confusional arousal was the most prevalent type of parasomnia (14.5%) and varied from 8.7% to 14.7%, 22.9%, 20.3%, and 27.5% among children of mothers at chronic‐low, moderate‐low, increasing, decreasing, and chronic‐high trajectories, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared to children from mothers in the chronic‐low trajectory, the adjusted prevalence ratio for any parasomnia was 1.58 (95% CI 1.29–1.94), 2.34 (95% CI 1.83–2.98), 2.15 (95% CI 1.65–2.81), and 3.07 (95% CI 2.31–4.07) among those from mothers in the moderate‐low, increasing, decreasing, and chronic‐high trajectory groups, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, parasomnias were more prevalent among children of mothers with chronic symptoms of depression.
Dr. Loretta C. Ford: A pioneer in healthcare
Authors: Peters Cathy J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDr Loretta C. Ford is a true pioneer. Her work in public health launched the nurse practitioner movement. Together with Dr Henry Silver in 1965, Dr Ford co‐founded the first expanded or advanced role to educate nurses to: assess, diagnose and treat common pediatric problems in primary care. Since then, there has been an increase in the number of specialty programs and an acknowledged global need for advanced practice nurses. She transformed our understanding of health and illness, the education of nurses, and the practice of humane patient care.
Comparison of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Hydrophilic O(3P)‐Precursors and Lipid‐O(3P)‐Precursor Conjugates
Authors: Maness Peter F. , Cone Grant W. , Ford David A. , McCulla Ryan D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLipid oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) provide several different oxidation products that have been implicated in inflammatory responses. Ground state atomic oxygen [O(3P)] is produced by the photodeoxygenation of certain heterocyclic oxides and has a reactivity that is unique from other ROS. Due to the reactive nature of O(3P), the site of O(3P)‐generation is expected to influence the products in heterogenous solutions or environments. In this work, the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) by lipids with covalently bound O(3P)‐photoprecursors was compared to more hydrophilic O(3P)‐photoprecursors. Lipid oxidation products were quantified after Bligh‐Dyer extraction and pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB) derivatization by GC–MS. Unlike the more hydrophilic O(3P)‐photoprecursors, the oxidation of LDL during the irradiation of lipid‐(O3P)‐photoprecursor conjugates showed little quenching by the addition of the O(3P)‐scavenging sodium allyl sulfonate. This indicated that lipophilic O(3P)‐photoprecursors are expected to generate lipid oxidation products where other more hydrophilic O(3P)‐photoprecursors could be quenched by other reactive groups present in solution or the environment.
Securing containerized supply chain through public and private partnership
Authors: Nikoofal Mohammad Ebrahim , Pourakbar Morteza , Gumus Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

Global trade is seafaring commerce; 90% of traded goods are carried by maritime transport, which has become vulnerable to security risks. This has led governments to initiate security programs serving tens of thousands of members worldwide. This paper studies the government's incentive design and the interaction between Customs inspection capacity and the incentives offered in security programs. Using the theory of incentives, we investigate the value of a partnership in improving the security of containerized supply chain. We developed a sequential game featuring the government, firms, and an adversary. The government selects the inspection capacity and incentives to foster the partnership, namely, an operational benefit in the form of a reduced inspection rate, and a security benefit obtained through reductions in the risks of adversarial infiltration. Firms subsequently decide on a collaboration level, followed by a strategic adversary's decision to infiltrate. Using the adversary's best response, we show that, in equilibrium, the government ranks all the firms and induces collaboration with only a subset of them. We demonstrate that, in equilibrium, while security incentives may benefit all participants, tailored operational incentives should be offered strictly to foster collaboration. The required condition to implement the inspection‐free lane for members is also characterized. Our results also inform practice to help security policymakers understand the underlying interaction between Customs inspection capacity and incentive design in forging collaboration with private firms. In particular, as firms opting for collaboration experience lower inspection rates, this further reduces overall congestion, which, in turn, creates a positive externality for nonmember firms. Therefore, having an excess inspection capacity may result in shorter wait times that could dissuade firms from collaborating.
Medical emergencies and farm productivity in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Picone Gabriel , Kimou Assi José Carlos , Kanga Désiré 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe lack of health insurance for smallholder farmers in most sub‐Saharan African countries hurts the families and can also negatively affect agriculture production, exports, and tax revenues. This paper analyzes the linkage between medical emergencies and agriculture exports and the corresponding tax revenues for smallholder farmers in Côte d'Ivoire. It uses two complementary datasets: the 2016 Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) smallholder survey and the 2015 Côte d'Ivoire living standard survey. The paper finds that a medical emergency is negatively and significantly associated with a decrease in the likelihood that a smallholder farmer cultivates cocoa of 3.9 percentage points, driving them into poverty and reducing productivity at the lower quantiles. The paper then estimates that medical emergencies can be correlated with the decline in cocoa exports of $853 million and in tax revenues of $125 million, representing 0.2% of the Ivorian gross domestic product (GDP) in 2017.
Negative association between non‐suicidal self‐injury in adolescents and default mode network activation during the distraction blocks of a rumination task
Authors: Westlund Schreiner Mindy , Roberts Henrietta , Dillahunt Alina K. , Farstead Brian , Feldman Daniel , Thomas Leah , Jacobs Rachel H. , Bessette Katie L. , Welsh Robert C. , Watkins Edward R. , Langenecker Scott A. , Crowell Sheila E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionRumination, or repetitive and habitual negative thinking, is associated with psychopathology and related behaviors in adolescents, including non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Despite the link between self‐reported rumination and NSSI, there is limited understanding of how rumination is represented at the neurobiological level among youth with NSSI.MethodWe collected neuroimaging and rumination data from 39 adolescents with current or past NSSI and remitted major depression. Participants completed a rumination induction fMRI task, consisting of both rumination and distraction blocks. We examined brain activation associated with total lifetime NSSI in the context of the rumination versus distraction contrast.ResultsLifetime NSSI was associated with a greater discrepancy in activation during rumination relative to distraction conditions in clusters including the precuneus, posterior cingulate, superior, and middle frontal gyrus, and cerebellum.ConclusionDifficulties associated with rumination in adolescents with NSSI may be related to requiring greater cognitive effort to distract from ruminative content in addition to increased attention in the context of ruminative content. Increasing knowledge of neurobiological circuits and nodes associated with rumination and their relationship with NSSI may enable us to better tailor interventions that can facilitate lasting well‐being and neurobiological change.
Experimental Study of Turbulence Response in a Slowly Accelerating Turbulent Channel Flow
Authors: Oluwadare Benjamin Segun , He Shuisheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn investigation of flow acceleration from initial statistically steady turbulent flow to final statistically steady turbulent flow is conducted experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and constant temperature anemometry (CTA). The turbulence response is investigated as the acceleration periods and acceleration rates are varied in a controlled fashion. This work expands the research by Mathur et al. (2018, “Temporal Acceleration of a Turbulent Channel Flow,” J. Fluid Mech., 835, pp. 471–490.) studying slower and longer transient flows. It also complements the numerical studies of a step increase in the flowrate of (He and Seddighi, 2013, “Turbulence in Transient Channel Flow,” J. Fluid Mech., 715, pp. 60–102. and He and Seddighi, 2015, “Transition of Transient Channel Flow After a Change in Reynolds Number,” J. Fluid Mech., 764, pp. 395–427.). The results obtained from the current investigations are qualitatively similar to those obtained previously. Consistent with previous studies, the response of turbulence in the current slow transient flow is again characterized by a laminar-turbulent transition. The initial increase of the flow development among the cases investigated can be categorized as faster, medium, and slower responses. Modifications are made to the equivalent Reynolds number and the initial turbulence intensity proposed earlier in order to account for the slow accelerating flow rates and the continuous change of the bulk velocities of the cases investigated. It has been shown that the critical equivalent Reynolds number based on these modifications and the initial turbulence intensity are well correlated for all cases investigated and a power-law relation is established.
Thermodynamic Evaluation of Electro-Osmotic Peristaltic Pumping for Shear-Thinning Fluid Flow
Authors: Noreen S. , Zahra M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The design and operation of lab-on-a-chip systems that are based on electrical circuits require fluids that are propelled by thermo-electrokinetic forces. On-chip operations including the generation of heat along microchannels and the control of liquid flow are all relevant in the traditional sense. The influence of heat on pseudoplastic fluid flow is demonstrated in this work using electro-osmotic (EOF) peristaltic pumping. The fundamental heat-transport equations that govern microchannel applications are developed from theoretical considerations. Explicit equations are presented for pressure gradient, stream functions, heat transfer coefficient, and temperature distribution when long wavelength and low Reynolds numbers are taken into account. Analytical solutions employ a regular perturbation approach. Then, mathematica software is used to solve the resulting equation. Physical quantities are analyzed using a variety of parameters. The results are visibly presented for each parameter at the end.
Health-seeking behaviour of Ethiopian caregivers when infants are unwell: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Kiross Girmay , Chojenta Catherine , Barker Daniel , Loxton Deborah 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the health-seeking behaviour of Ethiopian caregivers when infants are unwell.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach was employed using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data were collected using semistructured interview guides.SettingThe study was conducted in East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsParticipants were selected using a maximum variation purposive sampling technique across the different study groups: caregivers, community members and healthcare providers. A total of 35 respondents, 27 individuals in the focus group discussions and 8 individuals in the in-depth interviews participated in the study.MethodIn this study, a qualitative descriptive approach was employed to explore the health-seeking behaviour of caregivers. The data were collected from July to September 2019 and conventional content analysis was applied.ResultsThe decision to take a sick child to healthcare facilities is part of a complex care-seeking process that involves many people. Some of the critical steps in the process are caregivers recognising that the child is ill, recognising the severity of the illness and deciding to take the child to a health institution based on the recognised symptoms and illness. In Ethiopia, a significant proportion of caregivers do not seek healthcare for childhood illness, and most caregivers do not know where and when to seek care for their child. This study points out that the health-seeking behaviour of caregivers can be influenced by different contextual factors such as caregivers’ disease understanding, access to health services and family pressures to seek care.ConclusionsHealthcare-seeking practice plays an important role in reducing the impact of childhood illnesses and mortality. In Ethiopia, home-based treatment practice and traditional healing methods are widely accepted. Therefore, contextual understanding of the caregivers’ health-seeking is important to design contextual healthcare interventions in the study area.