bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and trend of leishmaniasis and its related factors in Golestan province, northeastern Iran: time series analysis
Authors: Majidnia Mostafa , Hosseinzadeh Ali , Khosravi Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesLeishmaniasis is a parasitic disease whose transmission depends on climatic conditions and is more important in northeast Iran. This study aimed to investigate the time trend of leishmaniasis and present a prediction model using meteorological variables in Golestan province.MethodsThe 10-year data on leishmaniasis (2010–2019) were collected from the portal of the Ministry of Health and the National Meteorological Organization. First, the disease incidence (per 100,000 population) in different cities of the Golestan province was estimated. Then, the geographical distribution and disease clusters map were prepared at the province level. Finally, by using the Jenkins box model time series analysis method, the disease incidence was predicted for the period 2020 to 2023 of the total province.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019, 8,871 patients with leishmaniasis were identified. The mean age of patients was 21.0 ± 18.4 years. The highest mean annual incidence was in Maravah-Tappeh city (188 per 100,000 population). The highest and lowest annual incidence was in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The average 10-year incidence was 48 per 100,000 population. The daily meteorological variables like monthly average wind speed, sunshine, temperature, and mean soil temperature at depth of 50 cm were significantly associated with the incidence of the disease. The estimated threshold for an epidemic was 40.3 per 100,000 population.ConclusionsAccording to the results, leishmaniasis incidence cases apears in July and with a peak in November. The incidence rate was highest in Maravah-Tapeh and Gonbad-Kavous, and lowest in Kordkoy counties. The study showed that there were two peaks in 2010 and 2018 and also identified a downward trend in the disease between 2010 and 2013 with a clear decrease in the incidence. Climate conditions had an important effect on leishmaniasis incidence. These climate and epidemiological factors such as migration and overcrowding could provide important input to monitor and predict disease for control strategies.
Timing-accurate simulation framework for NVM-based compute-in-memory architecture exploration
Authors: Rietz Vincent , Münch Christopher , Mayahinia Mahta , Tahoori Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Data-intensive applications have a huge demand on processor-memory communication. To reduce the amount of data transfers and their associated latency and energy, Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures can be used to perform operations ranging from simple binary operations to more complex operations such as additions and matrix-vector multiplications directly within the memory. However, proper adjustments to the memory hierarchy are needed to enable the execution of CIM operations. To evaluate the trade-off between the usage of different emerging non-volatile memories for CIM and conventional computing architectures, this work extends the widely used gem5 simulation framework with an extensible timing-aware main memory CIM simulation capability. This framework is used to analyze the performance of CIM extended main memory with various emerging memory technologies, namely Spin-Transfer-Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM), Redox-based RAM (ReRAM) and Phase-Change Memory (PCM). We evaluate different workloads from the PolyBench/C benchmark suite and other selected examples. In comparison to a processor-centric system, the results show a significant reduction in execution time for the majority of applications.
Personal names in medievallibri vitæas a sociolinguistic resource
Authors: Waldispühl Michelle , Wallis Christine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of using a historical sociolinguistic approach to interrogate the extensive lists of personal names found in medievallibri vitæ. So far, these lists have mainly been exploited in historical and a few onomastic studies, with a focus on name etymology and personal naming practices. Both the linguistics of the names and sociolinguistic perspectives remain to date underexamined. In this contribution, we explore possible sociolinguistic research questions, and present methodological challenges and preliminary results on the basis of four case studies from two examples, thelibri vitæof Thorney Abbey and Reichenau. The case studies examine autographs, choice of script and language, and dialect adaptation. Our main interest lies in the modelling and explanation of graphic and linguistic variation in the names. Our particular focus is on the status of the respective vernacular languages involved (Old English and Old High German) and in the conclusions we can draw from these documents about their underlying writing traditions in general, and scribal training and practices in particular.
Same people, different outcomes: the sociolinguistic profile of three language changes in the history of Spanish. A corpus-based approach
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWithin the framework of Historical Sociolinguistics and using a corpus of ego-documents written by Spaniards from different social backgrounds, this study analyses the sociolinguistic profiles of three phenomena of variation and change that took place in two critical periods in the history of Spanish: the Golden Age and the Early Modern Spanish. The study focuses on three standard variants that would end up displacing several vernacular forms whose use was much more widespread in Golden Age Spanish: (a) the use of the complementiserquein doxastic predicates depending on the verbcreer[’believe, think’], to the detriment of the variantcreer+Ø; (b) the analogical pronounquienesin relative clauses with an explicit human antecedent (’estos son los niños a quienes me dirigí’ [‘these are the children I spoke to’]), as opposed to the traditional relativequien; (c) the diffusion of the demonstrative pronounallí[‘there’] at the expense ofallá. Despite the success of the standard variants in the eighteenth century, the three cases of variation show different sociolinguistic conditioning, which in turn is closely related to several parameters, such as the speed and robustness of the respective changes, the typology of the variables and the linguistic constraints at work in each case.
Language shift in the Erlangen Huguenot community
Authors: Pfäffle Anna , Schiegg Markus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article examines the language shift and the accompanying changing status of French and German in the Erlangen Huguenot community (southern Germany) during the approximately 150 years following the first French immigrants settling in Erlangen in 1686. Our quantitative analysis is based on a diachronically-balanced corpus of 314 archival sources transmitted from this community and provides an overview of the language shift from French to German over time. The linguistic choices are influenced by the social group of the writers and addressees, the direction of communication and the domain of the texts. Our qualitative analysis focuses on multilingual texts and linguistic practices throughout the time period examined and traces the changing status of the two languages in the community, from French as the dominant language in the earlier years, to the use of German in conceptually oral texts with retention of French in school contexts and by the consistory, to French as a social symbol of the intellectuals in the early 19th century. Our paper provides empirical accounts for an under-researched context of language shift and contributes to historical sociolinguistic research on historical language contact, multilingualism, and linguistic identity.
Two cases of mole shrews (Anourosorex squamipes) with albinism in southwestern China
Authors: Lv Yan , Guo Xian-Guo , Zhao Cheng-Fu , Mao Ke-Yu , Huang Xiao-Bin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Albinism is a kind of anomalous hypopigmentation with a complete white pelage, and it is completely devoid of melanin in the skin, hair follicles and eyes. The present paper firstly reports two cases of adult mole shrews (Anourosorex squamipes) with albinism, which were found in Sichuan province of southwestern China. The two female mole shrews show a complete white pelage. Stained by the soil, the albinistic mole shrews show a yellowish white color. Besides the same morphological characteristics, all the body parameters of the two albinistic mole shrews are within the parameter range of the six normal mole shrews captured at the same site.
Comparison of two equivalent stress methods based on cumulative damage adjustment and on a consistent fatigue strength reduction for transforming of variable into constant amplitude loading
Authors: Sonsino Cetin Morris , Rennert Roland 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper compares two methods for transforming a stress or load spectrum into a damage-equivalent constant amplitude loading, i.e., the required fatigue strength (RFS) and the consistent equivalent strength (CES) concepts. Because of their shared fundamentals, i.e., the modified Palmgren-Miner hypothesis for a given allowable damage sum, the resulting RFS- and CES-amplitudes are comparable to each other, but not equal, when the slopes after the knee-points of the Woehler-lines differ. The RFS-method delivers a damage-equivalent stress as the knee-point of a fictitious bi-linear or linear Woehler-line by positioning of the Woehler-line for a given allowable damage sum. In contrast to this, the CES-method also results in a damage-equivalent stress as the knee-point, which depends on the consistent fatigue strength reduction by increasing cumulating damage until the allowable damage sum is reached. Thus, the main difference to the RFS-method is that the CES-method retains the constant amplitude loading slope after the knee-point. Both methods indicate a lowest necessary strength quality, but, like the calculated fatigue lives, they differ according to the calculation methods, and depend on the slopes of the Woehler-lines after the knee-points.
Analytical solutions of fractional couple stress fluid flow for an engineering problem
Authors: Naz Rabia , Ikram Muhammad Danish , Asjad Muhammad Imran 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this article, analytical solutions of couple stress fluid flow modeled with a power law fractional differential operator are discussed. Stokes’ second problem for an incompressible couple stress fluid is studied for an horizontal plate of infinite length. The governing equations of the flow problem are expressed in terms of a partial differential operator and then converted into a non-dimensional model by using dimensional analysis. Then the integer order problem was formulated in terms of the non-integer order of three types of fractional derivatives and then solved with the help of the Laplace transform method. The obtained solutions are complex and expressed in terms of series. In order to check the memory index of the solutions obtained with three different fractional operators, we have plotted some graphs. It is found that the constant proportional operator provides us a better choice about the memory and maximum enhancement achieved in the comparison of Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio. Furthermore, in order to check the accuracy of the present results, we have compared the obtained solutions with the existing literature and found a good agreement between them.
Impoliteness among multilingual Facebook users in Congo Brazzaville
Authors: Tsoumou Jean Mathieu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses a 265,147-word corpus of multilingual Facebook comments discussing political news in Congo-Brazzaville, collected between 2015 and 2016. The commenters use French, Lingala, Kituba, as well as ethnic languages such as Laary, to provide evaluations of the news and engage in impolite exchanges with each other. It is now widely evidenced that digital discourse is increasingly attracting (im)politeness research, going from Western-centric grounds into exploring other societies and cultures such as Asia and Africa. Despite this, (im)politeness research in multilingual contexts – such as Congo-Brazzaville – remains neglected. The paper aims to redress this imbalance by analysing impoliteness in Facebook interactions among Congolese users. Thus, the paper provides insights into how the notion of impoliteness plays out in a context that is polarized politically and sociolinguistically. The findings suggest that what triggers impoliteness is not just the desire to either claim own grounds, or the fact that the target of the impolite comment is a user with an opposing view, but also the desire to control what others should and should not say (or do). Furthermore, the interpretation of impoliteness in this context lies in the users’ abilities to understand the role of language alternation as it is framed in the comments.
COSMOPOLÍTICA SOLIDÁRIA
Authors: De Oliveira Soares Jardim Hélen , Da Silva Voss Dulce Mari Dulce Mari da Silva VOSS 
Published: May 2023

A escrita busca tornar visível o invisível, modos próprios de existir, lutar pela vida e manter as origens ancestrais africanas nas culturas afro-brasileiras. O estudo decorre de uma pesquisa descritiva, cujos dados foram extraídos das postagens feitas numa rede social pelo Ilê de Oxum Panda Miré Fraternidade Ogum Beira Mar, terreiro localizado na cidade de Bagé (RS, Brasil). E, a partir da análise dos dados coletados, move-se o pensamento em torno do cotidiano desta comunidade, seus saberes e fazeres, compreendendo-os como elementos que indicam a criação de modos próprios de existir em desvios às necropolíticas de morte geradas pela pandemia do COVID-19 que afeta de modo ainda mais perverso as comunidades periféricas, ao agravar as desigualdades sociais, diante do crescimento do desemprego, da fome e da pobreza. Ao protagonizar ações solidárias, a comunidade do terreiro demonstra lealdade aos princípios éticos e políticos de uma filosofia de vida afro, concebida nos processos comunitários. Marcas simbólicas e culturais engendradas no cotidiano que evidenciam uma cosmopolítica solidária. Com isso, ao praticar a religiosidade e a solidariedade, não só em suas ritualísticas, mas também na ajuda mútua que oferece as demais pessoas das periferias, nestes cruéis tempos pandêmicos, reafirma laços e afetos comunitários, sinais de afirmação e autoafirmação da vida. Artes de resistir e existir em que se criam elos entre o passado e o presente ao resgatar saberes e modos de vida relegados ao senso comum, menosprezados na interpretação acadêmica, mas intensos nos movimentos cotidianos que contém em si o germe de uma vida coletiva mais plural e mais bela.
NEGROS (IN)DÓCEIS
Authors: Silva Maciel Diogo Hélen Rejane , De Mello Ribeiro Tatiana 
Published: May 2023

A escrita apresenta os movimentos de pesquisa acerca dos corpos que habitam as prisões, a partir de uma perspectiva teórico crítica desenvolvida pela autora Juliana Borges e pelo autor Michel Foucault. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa na qual buscamos responder a seguinte questão: quais são os corpos, que habitam as prisões brasileiras? Nesse sentido, designamos os corpos negros como sujeitos (in)dóceis, submetidos as práticas de controle, de vigilância e de repressão, com intuito de abolir a sua representação simbólica e física, entendidas como princípios da colonialidade do poder, a qual se vale da observação e vigilância para ‘educar’ e enquadrar os corpos negros na norma. Além disso, problematizamos os altos índices de encarceramento das mulheres negras, principalmente como outro modo de aprisionamento que consolida cotidianamente o racismo e as práticas de opressão e violência contra as mulheres. Tendo assim, a sua liberdade inviabilizada e cerceada em prol de uma dinâmica colonial, a qual justifica a preferência por determinados corpos na posição de dominados, a partir de um sistema que age de modo a legitimar o poder disciplinar.
Lack of access to medications for hypertension and diabetes mellitus among aged from 2017 to 2019 in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Machado Karla , Nogueira Gonzalez Tatiane , De Oliveira Soares Junior Abelardo , Dos Santos Afonso Max , Pereira Vieira Yohana , De Oliveira Saes Mirelle 
Published: May 2023

Objective: to identify sociodemographic and regional differences in the lack of access of aged Brazilians to medicines for hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus in the last 30 days, in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019, based on data from the Telephone-based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (VIGITEL).Methods: a population-based transversal study using data from VIGITEL. Were eligible the elderly (≥60 years) who answered affirmatively to the questions “In the past 30 days, did you have been without any hypertension medications for some time?”, “In the past 30 days did you have been without any high to control diabetes for some time?”, and “In the past 30 days, did you ran out of insulin?” Chi-squared test was used to describe the prevalence of the outcome in accordance with the independent variables, and ajusted Poisson Regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: the prevalence of the outcome was 11.8% in 2017, 11.4% in 2018, and 11.2% in 2019. A higher prevalence of lack of access to medications for hypertension and diabetes mellitus was observed among elderly people of black/brown/yellow/ indigenous skin color, less educated, beneficiaries of Bolsa Família, without private health plan and living in the Northeast and North regions.Conclusion: there was a small reduction in the lack of access to medication for hypertension and diabetes between 2017 and 2019. Furthermore, the results reveal inequality in access to these medicines.
Оцінка показників швидкості школярів, що займаються кіокушинкай карате
Authors: Марченко Світлана , Литвин Олександр 
Published: April 2023

Мета дослідження – визначити вікові особливості прояву відмінностей у швидкісній підготовленості хлопців молодших класів, які займаються в секції карате на спортивно-оздоровчому етапі.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 60 хлопців молодших класів (7-10 років). Їх розподілили на чотири групи: 7, 8, 9 і 10 років. В кожній віковій групі було по 15 учасників. Технічний рівень дітей відповідав учнівським ступеням 10-9 Кю (помаранчевий колір поясу). Діти та їхні батьки були інформовані про всі особливості дослідження і дали згоду на участь в експерименті. Для вирішення поставлених завдань були використані методи дослідження: вивчення та аналіз науково-методичної літератури, педагогічне спостереження, хронометраж навчальних завдань, тестування, педагогічний констатуючий експеримент, методи математичної статистики.
Результати. Cпостерігаються статистично достовірні (р<,05) вікові розбіжності між усіма досліджуваними групами у швидкості в цілісних рухах 7-8 (p=,037), 8-9 (p=,004), 9-10 (p=,041), латентному часі простої рухової реакції (p=,003; p=,001; p=,026 відповідно) та частоти ненавантаженого руху (p=,002; p=,039; p=,001); між групами 7-8, 9-10 років у швидкісно-силових здібностях (p=,009; p=,024); 7-8, 8-9 років у загальній моториці тіла (p=,007; p=,006); 8-9 років у частоті одиночного руху (p=,044).
Висновки. За результатами індексів ІШ і ІШС більшість хлопців-каратистів молодшого шкільного віку розвиваються гармонійно і мають достатній рівень розвитку швидкісних здібностей, чітко простежується покращення результатів. Встановлено, що між дітьми існують відмінності за різними структурними одиницями швидкості, які відповідають віковим показникам і технічному рівню каратистів.
Opioid Use Disorder Practice by Licensure Category in North Carolina
Authors: Hughes Phillip M. , Harless Chase , Ramage Melinda , Fusco Carriedelle , Ostrach Bayla 
Published: May 2023

Background Nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and certified nurse midwives, collectively known as advanced practice providers (APPs), are critical members of the opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment workforce. Few studies compare the OUD treatment practice patterns of APPs relative to physicians. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we distributed a survey examining general substance use disorder (SUD) and OUD-specific treat­ment practices to all licensed physicians and APPs in North Carolina, resulting in a sample of 332 respondents. Respondents were asked about screening, referrals, and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) X-waiver status. Waivered providers were asked about prescribing buprenorphine. Differences in practice patterns by provider type were examined using descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests. Results Practice patterns were similar between APPs and physicians; however, more APPs reported screening their patients for SUDs (83.3% versus 69.4%, p = .0045). Of the providers who were waivered to prescribe buprenorphine, APPs and physicians were equally likely to be currently prescribing buprenorphine (75.8% versus 77.1%, p = .8900). Limitations This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using self-report data from a purposive sample and may not be representative of all providers. Conclusions Our results describe practice patterns for APPs and physicians and differences that may be reflective of regulations and therapeutic approaches. Similarities in obtaining an X-waiver and prescribing buprenorphine suggest that reducing restrictions on APPs may result in a larger treatment workforce.
Unusual coexistence: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and pulmonary tuberculosis- A rare case report
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Devi Laxmi , Verma Yogendra Narayan , Sharma Parul , Ahmad Anees , Chandra Shubham 
Published: May 2023

: Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic hypersensitivity reaction to the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus that can cause inflammation and damage to the respiratory system. This condition predominantly occurs in individuals with long-standing airway disease, such as bronchial asthma or cystic fibrosis. While Acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB). ABPA and TB can coexist in the same patient. The coexistence of these two conditions can make the diagnosis and treatment more challenging. This is because some of the symptoms of ABPA, such as cough and wheezing, can be similar to those of TB, and both conditions can cause lung damage. A 21-year young male was admitted with a six-month history of low-grade fever, cough with expectoration, atypical chest pain, and progressive breathlessness. On examination, the patient had bilateral diffuse rhonchi with coarse crepitation, and his chest X-ray showed bilateral heterogeneous opacities with cavities in the left upper and middle zone. Further evaluation revealed a total serum IgE of 3074 IU/L (Normal &#60;100) and elevated levels of Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE and IgG. A high-resolution CT of the thorax revealed bilateral upper lobes with tree-in-bud opacities and centrilobular nodules, leading to a diagnosis of ABPA. A sputum sample was sent for an AFB smear, which was positive.Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus that most commonly affects people who have bronchial asthma or cystic fibrosis. However, diagnosis can be challenging as patients may not respond to standard treatment, and the symptoms can overlap with those of other respiratory diseases. Therefore, clinicians need to maintain a high index of suspicion for ABPA in at-risk patients and consider appropriate screening tests.This case highlights the rare co-existence of active pulmonary TB and ABPA, which can make diagnosis and treatment challenging. However, with appropriate management, including anti-tubercular treatment and corticosteroid therapy, the patient showed marked improvement in his condition. Clinicians should consider the possibility of multiple comorbidities in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms, and appropriate evaluation and management should be undertaken to achieve optimal outcomes.