bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A typology to guide design and assessment of participatory farming research projects
Authors: Jackson-Smith Douglas , Veisi Hadi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractParticipatory modes of agricultural research have gained significant attention over the last 40 years. While many scholars and practitioners agree that engaging farmers and other stakeholders is a valuable complement to traditional scientific research, there is significant diversity in the goals and approaches used by participatory projects. Building on previous conceptual frameworks on divergent approaches to participatory farming research (PFR), we propose an updated synthetic typology that can be used to design, evaluate, and distinguish PFR projects. Key elements of our typology include a recognition of the multidimensionality of projects that reflect different combinations of: (a) the goals or motivations behind engaging farmers in research, (b) the specific methods or approaches used to implement a PFR project, and (c) the social, institutional, and biophysical contexts that shape the dynamics and outcomes from PFR. We use this typology to highlight how particular manifestations of participatory agricultural research projects—ranging from farmer advisory boards, on-farm demonstrations, and researcher- versus farmer-led on-farm research projects—combine goals, methods, and contexts in distinctive ways. Proponents of PFR projects would benefit from clarifying how their work fits into or extends this multidimensional typology.
Anthropogenic Forcing Decreased Concurrent Soil Drought and Atmospheric Aridity in the Historical Period 1850–2013
Authors: Zeng Zhaoqi , Wu Wenxiang , Peñuelas Josep , Li Yamei , Zhou Yang , Li Zhaolei , Ren Xinshuai , Huang Han , Ge Quansheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs awareness of the importance of anthropogenic climate change has increased, attention is being focused on “compound extremes,” such as co‐occurring soil drought (low amounts of soil moisture, SM) and atmospheric aridity (high vapor‐pressure deficits, VPD), because of the disproportionate impacts of such extreme conditions on natural and societal systems. Few advances, however, have been made in isolating the net effect of anthropogenic forcing on the occurrence of such compound extremes. Nine Earth System models (ESMs) under natural‐only and fully‐forced simulations from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) indicated that the presence of anthropogenic forcing in the historical period 1850–2013 weakened the coupling between SM and VPD and thus decreased the frequency of compound drought and aridity globally. The anthropogenically induced decrease in the strength of land–atmospheric feedbacks, which offset the drying trend effects of global warming by countering the expected natural correlation between SM and VPD, appears to have been responsible for the relative rarity of concurrent drought and aridity in the historical period. We also modeled independently the anthropogenic forcings of aerosols and greenhouse gases (GHGs) to further highlight that the widespread weakening of land–atmospheric feedbacks may have been associated primarily with the cooling effects induced by increases in anthropogenic emissions of aerosols, because the increase in intensity and frequency of compound drought and aridity that might have been expected from rising GHG concentrations was widely counter‐balanced until very recently by an aerosol‐driven cooling, particularly for the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. This finding indicates that the trade‐off between these two main anthropogenic forcings may determine future patterns of concurrent drought and aridity in a changing climate. If global emissions of anthropogenic aerosols decrease in the future, as expected, our results imply a renewed strengthening of land–atmospheric feedbacks, and thus an intensification of concurrent drought and aridity.
Heat-mortality relationship in North Carolina: Comparison using different exposure methods
Authors: Choi Hayon Michelle , Bell Michelle L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Many studies have explored the heat-mortality relationship; however, comparability of results is hindered by the studies’ use of different exposure methods.

Objective
This study evaluated different methods for estimating exposure to temperature using individual-level data and examined the impacts on the heat-mortality relationship.

Methods
We calculated different temperature exposures for each individual death by using a modeled, gridded temperature dataset and a monitoring station dataset in North Carolina for 2000–2016. We considered individual-level vs. county-level averages and measured vs. modeled temperature data. A case-crossover analysis was conducted to examine the heat-mortality risk under different exposure methods.

Results
The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) (i.e., the temperature with the lowest mortality rate) for the monitoring station dataset was 23.87 °C and 22.67 °C (individual monitor and county average, respectively), whereas for the modeled temperature dataset the MMT was 19.46 °C and 19.61 °C (individual and county, respectively). We found higher heat-mortality risk while using temperature exposure estimated from monitoring stations compared to risk based on exposure using the modeled temperature dataset. Individual-aggregated monitoring station temperature exposure resulted in higher heat mortality risk (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.24 (95% CI: 2.21, 2.27)) for a relative temperature change comparing the 99th and 90th temperature percentiles, while modeled temperature exposure resulted in lower odds ratio of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.25, 1.29).

Significance
Our findings indicate that using different temperature exposure methods can result in different temperature-mortality risk. The impact of using various exposure methods should be considered in planning health policies related to high temperatures, including under climate change.

Impact Statement

We estimated the heat-mortality association using different methods to estimate exposure to temperature.

The mean temperature value among different exposure methods were similar although lower for the modeled data, however, use of the monitoring station temperature dataset resulted in higher heat-mortality risk than the modeled temperature dataset.

Differences in mortality risk from heat by urbanicity varies depending on the method used to estimate temperature exposure.
OTUB1 promotes osteoblastic bone formation through stabilizing FGFR2
Authors: Zhu Qiong , Fu Yesheng , Cui Chun-Ping , Ding Yi , Deng Zhikang , Ning Chao , Hu Fan , Qiu Chen , Yu Biyue , Zhou Xuemei , Yang Guan , Peng Jiang , Zou Weiguo , Liu Cui Hua , Zhang Lingqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBone homeostasis is maintained by the balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Dysregulation of this process leads to multiple diseases, including osteoporosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we show that the global and conditional osteoblast knockout of a deubiquitinase Otub1 result in low bone mass and poor bone strength due to defects in osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Mechanistically, the stability of FGFR2, a crucial regulator of osteogenesis, is maintained by OTUB1. OTUB1 attenuates the E3 ligase SMURF1-mediated FGFR2 ubiquitination by inhibiting SMURF1’s E2 binding. In the absence of OTUB1, FGFR2 is ubiquitinated excessively by SMURF1, followed by lysosomal degradation. Consistently, adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered FGFR2 in knee joints rescued the bone mass loss in osteoblast-specific Otub1-deleted mice. Moreover, Otub1 mRNA level was significantly downregulated in bones from osteoporotic mice, and restoring OTUB1 levels through an AAV9-delivered system in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice attenuated osteopenia. Taken together, our results suggest that OTUB1 positively regulates osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in bone homeostasis by controlling FGFR2 stability, which provides an optical therapeutic strategy to alleviate osteoporosis.
Safe drugs with high potential to block malaria transmission revealed by a spleen-mimetic screening
Authors: Carucci Mario , Duez Julien , Tarning Joel , García-Barbazán Irene , Fricot-Monsinjon Aurélie , Sissoko Abdoulaye , Dumas Lucie , Gamallo Pablo , Beher Babette , Amireault Pascal , Dussiot Michael , Dao Ming , Hull Mitchell V. , McNamara Case W. , Roussel Camille , Ndour Papa Alioune , Sanz Laura Maria , Gamo Francisco Javier , Buffet Pierre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMalaria parasites like Plasmodium falciparum multiply in red blood cells (RBC), which are cleared from the bloodstream by the spleen when their deformability is altered. Drug-induced stiffening of Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBC should therefore induce their elimination from the bloodstream. Here, based on this original mechanical approach, we identify safe drugs with strong potential to block the malaria transmission. By screening 13 555 compounds with spleen-mimetic microfilters, we identified 82 that target circulating transmissible form of P. falciparum. NITD609, an orally administered PfATPase inhibitor with known effects on P. falciparum, killed and stiffened transmission stages in vitro at nanomolar concentrations. Short exposures to TD-6450, an orally-administered NS5A hepatitis C virus inhibitor, stiffened transmission parasite stages and killed asexual stages in vitro at high nanomolar concentrations. A Phase 1 study in humans with a primary safety outcome and a secondary pharmacokinetics outcome (https://clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT02022306) showed no severe adverse events either with single or multiple doses. Pharmacokinetic modelling showed that these concentrations can be reached in the plasma of subjects receiving short courses of TD-6450. This physiologically relevant screen identified multiple mechanisms of action, and safe drugs with strong potential as malaria transmission-blocking agents which could be rapidly tested in clinical trials.
Time-reversal even charge hall effect from twisted interface coupling
Authors: Zhai Dawei , Chen Cong , Xiao Cong , Yao Wang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnder time-reversal symmetry, a linear charge Hall response is usually deemed to be forbidden by the Onsager relation. In this work, we discover a scenario for realizing a time-reversal even linear charge Hall effect in a non-isolated two-dimensional crystal allowed by time reversal symmetry. The restriction by Onsager relation is lifted by interfacial coupling with an adjacent layer, where the overall chiral symmetry requirement is fulfilled by a twisted stacking. We reveal the underlying band geometric quantity as the momentum-space vorticity of layer current. The effect is demonstrated in twisted bilayer graphene and twisted homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides with a wide range of twist angles, which exhibit giant Hall ratios under experimentally practical conditions, with gate voltage controlled on-off switch. This work reveals intriguing Hall physics in chiral structures, and opens up a research direction of layertronics that exploits the quantum nature of layer degree of freedom to uncover exciting effects.
Booster with Ad26.COV2.S or Omicron-adapted vaccine enhanced immunity and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in macaques
Authors: Solforosi Laura , Costes Lea M. M. , Tolboom Jeroen T. B. M. , McMahan Katherine , Anioke Tochi , Hope David , Murdza Tetyana , Sciacca Michaela , Bouffard Emily , Barrett Julia , Wu Cindy , Hachmann Nicole , Miller Jessica , Yu Jingyou , He Xuan , Jacob-Dolan Catherine , Huber Sietske K. Rosendahl , Dekking Liesbeth , Chamanza Ronnie , Choi Ying , Boer Karin Feddes-de , Barouch Dan H. , Schuitemaker Hanneke , Zahn Roland C. , Wegmann Frank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOmicron spike (S) encoding vaccines as boosters, are a potential strategy to improve COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against Omicron. Here, macaques (mostly females) previously immunized with Ad26.COV2.S, are boosted with Ad26.COV2.S, Ad26.COV2.S.529 (encoding Omicron BA.1 S) or a 1:1 combination of both vaccines. All booster vaccinations elicit a rapid antibody titers increase against WA1/2020 and Omicron S. Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 antibody responses are most effectively boosted by vaccines including Ad26.COV2.S.529. Independent of vaccine used, mostly WA1/2020-reactive or WA1/2020-Omicron BA.1 cross-reactive B cells are detected. Ad26.COV2.S.529 containing boosters provide only slightly higher protection of the lower respiratory tract against Omicron BA.1 challenge compared with Ad26.COV2.S-only booster. Antibodies and cellular immune responses are identified as complementary correlates of protection. Overall, a booster with an Omicron-spike based vaccine provide only moderately improved immune responses and protection compared with the original Wuhan-Hu-1-spike based vaccine, which still provide robust immune responses and protection against Omicron.
Understanding the sulphur-oxygen exchange process of metal sulphides prior to oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Hu Yang , Zheng Yao , Jin Jing , Wang Yantao , Peng Yong , Yin Jie , Shen Wei , Hou Yichao , Zhu Liu , An Li , Lu Min , Xi Pinxian , Yan Chun-Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDynamic reconstruction of metal sulphides during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has hampered the acquisition of legible evidence for comprehensively understanding the phase-transition mechanism and electrocatalytic activity origin. Herein, modelling on a series of cobalt-nickel bimetallic sulphides, we for the first time establish an explicit and comprehensive picture of their dynamic phase evaluation pathway at the pre-catalytic stage before OER process. By utilizing the in-situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, the lattice sulphur atoms of (NiCo)S1.33particles are revealed to be partially substituted by oxygen from electrolyte to form a lattice oxygen-sulphur coexisting shell surface before the generation of reconstituted active species. Such S-O exchange process is benefitted from the subtle modulation of metal-sulphur coordination form caused by the specific Ni and Co occupation. This unique oxygen-substitution behaviour produces an (NiCo)OxS1.33-xsurface to reduce the energy barrier of surface reconstruction for converting sulphides into active oxy/hydroxide derivative, therefore significantly increasing the proportion of lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism compared to the pure sulphide surface. We anticipate this direct observation can provide an explicit picture of catalysts’ structural and compositional evolution during the electrocatalytic process.
Shared genetic loci and causal relations between schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Chen Yu , Guo Hua , Yue Weihua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBased on the clinical overlap between schizophrenia (SCZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), both disorders may share neurobiological substrates. In this study, we first analyzed recent large genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) on SCZ (n = 53,386, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Wave 3) and OCD (n = 2688, the International Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Foundation Genetics Collaborative (IOCDF-GC) and the OCD Collaborative Genetics Association Study (OCGAS)) using a conjunctional false discovery rate (FDR) approach to evaluate overlap in common genetic variants of European descent. Using a variety of biological resources, we functionally characterized the identified genomic loci. Then we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the bidirectional causal association between SCZ and OCD. Results showed that there is a positive genetic correlation between SCZ and OCD (rg = 0.36, P = 0.02). We identified that one genetic locus (lead SNP rs5757717 in an intergenic region at CACNA1I) was jointly associated with SCZ and OCD (conjFDR = 2.12 × 10−2). Mendelian randomization results showed that variants associated with increased risk for SCZ also increased the risk of OCD. This study broadens our understanding of the genetic architectures underpinning SCZ and OCD and suggests that the same molecular genetic processes may be responsible for shared pathophysiological and clinical characteristics between the two disorders.
Digital health innovation to prevent relapse and support recovery in young people with first-episode psychosis: A pilot study of Horyzons-Canada
Authors: Lal Shalini , Gleeson John F. , D’Alfonso Simon , Lee Hajin , Etienne Geraldine , Joober Ridha , Lepage Martin , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDigital health innovations may help to improve access to psychosocial therapy and peer support; however, the existence of evidence-based digital health interventions for individuals recovering from a first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains limited. This study aims to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and pre-post outcomes of Horyzons-Canada (HoryzonsCa), a Canadian adaptation of a digital mental health intervention consisting of psychosocial interventions, online social networking, and clinical and peer support moderation. Using a convergent mixed-methods research design, we recruited participants from a specialized early intervention clinic for FEP in Montreal, Canada. Twenty-three participants (mean age = 26.8) completed baseline assessments, and 20 completed follow-up assessments after 8 weeks of intervention access. Most participants provided positive feedback on general experience (85%, 17/20) and the utility of Horyzons for identifying their strengths (70%, 14/20). Almost all perceived the platform as easy to use (95%, 19/20) and felt safe using it (90%, 18/20). There were no adverse events related to the intervention. Participants used HoryzonsCa to learn about their illness and how to get better (65%, 13/20), receive support (60%, 12/20), and access social networking (35%, 7/20) and peer support (30%, 6/20). Regarding adoption, 65% (13/20) logged in at least 4 times over 8 weeks. There was a nonsignificant increase in social functioning and no deterioration on the Clinical Global Impression Scale. Overall, HoryzonsCa was feasible to implement and perceived as safe and acceptable. More research is needed with larger sample sizes and using in-depth qualitative methods to better understand the implementation and impact of HoryzonsCa.
C,N co-doped TiO2 hollow nanofibers coated stainless steel meshes for oil/water separation and visible light-driven degradation of pollutants
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Liu Yingze , Han Hao , Wang Desheng , Chen Jieyi , Zhang Renzhi , Zuo Shixiang , Yao Chao , Kang Jian , Gui Haoguan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComplex pollutants are discharging and accumulating in rivers and oceans, requiring a coupled strategy to resolve pollutants efficiently. A novel method is proposed to treat multiple pollutants with C,N co-doped TiO2 hollow nanofibers coated stainless steel meshes which can realize efficient oil/water separation and visible light-drove dyes photodegradation. The poly(divinylbenzene-co-vinylbenzene chloride), P(DVB-co-VBC), nanofibers are generated by precipitate cationic polymerization on the mesh framework, following with quaternization by triethylamine for N doping. Then, TiO2 is coated on the polymeric nanofibers via in-situ sol–gel process of tetrabutyl titanate. The functional mesh coated with C,N co-doped TiO2 hollow nanofibers is obtained after calcination under nitrogen atmosphere. The resultant mesh demonstrates superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic property which is promising in oil/water separation. More importantly, the C,N co-doped TiO2 hollow nanofibers endow the mesh with high photodegradation ability to dyes under visible light. This work draws an affordable but high-performance multifunctional mesh for potential applications in wastewater treatment.
Influence of an inclined magnetic field and heat and mass transfer on the peristaltic flow of blood in an asymmetric channel
Authors: Abdelhafez M. A. , Abd-Alla A. M. , Abo-Dahab S. M. , Elmhedy Yasmine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical study on heat and mass transfer analysis of the peristaltic flow of blood conveying through an asymmetric channel in the presence of inclined to the magnetic field. The effects of ratio of relaxation to retardation times, non-uniform parameter, the non-dimensional amplitude, Hartman number and phase difference have been taken into account. The governing coupled non-linear partial differential equations representing the flow model are transmuted into linear ones by assuming that the wave is very long with a small Reynolds number. The converted mathematical formulations are solved analytically via the Mathematica software. Analytical expressions for the dimensionless velocity profiles of fluid, temperature, concentration, pressure gradient, increase in pressure, heat transfer coefficient and shear stress of the blood are derived. The velocity, temperature, concentration, pressure gradient, increase in pressure, heat transfer coefficient and shear stress were calculated numerically for different values of the parameters, which were represented graphically and find their physical meaning.
Relationship between surgical field contamination by patient's exhaled air and the state of the drapes during eye surgery
Authors: Morioka Masakazu , Takamura Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Hideki T. , Gozawa Makoto , Yamada Yutaka , Komori Ryohei , Tanaka Kengo , Inatani Masaru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in facemask use. Consequently, it has been reported that exhaled airflow toward the eyes can cause the dispersal of bacteria into the eyes, potentially increasing the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis. In addition to wearing a facemask, gaps between the surgical drape and skin can also direct exhaled airflow toward the eyes. Here, we aimed to examine how the risk of contamination varies depending on the state of the drapes. We used a carbon dioxide imaging camera to visualize changes in exhaled airflow under different drape conditions and a particle counter to evaluate changes in the number of particles around the eye. The results revealed airflow present around the eye and a significant increase in the number of particles when the nasal side of the drape was detached from the skin. However, when a metal rod called “rihika” was used to create space above the body, the airflow and number of particles were significantly reduced. Thus, if drape coverage becomes incomplete during surgery, exhaled airflow toward the eye may contaminate the surgical field. On hanging up the drape, airflow can escape in the direction of the body, potentially preventing contamination.