bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How 18-month-olds with Later Autism Look at Other Children Interacting: The Timing of Gaze Allocation
Authors: Viktorsson Charlotte , Bölte Sven , Falck-Ytter Terje 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen observing other people during naturally paced and dynamic interactions, it is essential to look at specific locations at the right time to extract a maximum of socially informative content. In this study, we aimed to investigate the looking behavior of typically developing toddlers and toddlers later diagnosed with autism when observing other children interact. The sample consisted of 98 toddlers; 22 in a low-likelihood of autism group, 60 in an elevated likelihood of autism group who did not receive a subsequent diagnosis, and 16 in an elevated likelihood group who did receive an autism diagnosis. Participants performed an eye tracking task at 18 months of age and were assessed for diagnostic outcome at 36 months. The video stimuli consisted of two children interacting, where a boy reaches out for a toy and a girl refuses to give it to him. The low likelihood group showed an expected increase in ratio of looking at the girl’s face after the boy requested the toy, as compared to before (t(21) = -3.337, p = .003). Toddlers with later autism showed a significantly lower ratio of looking at the girl’s face during this time window, as compared to the other groups (F(2,91) = 3.698, p = .029). These findings provide new leads on how social gaze may be different in children with autism in everyday life (e.g., kindergarten), and highlight the need of studying the dynamics of gaze on short time scales.
Microstructural characterization of rapidly solidified Al-13.5 at.% Cr and Al-13.5 at.% V alloys for catalytic applications
Authors: Zięba Amelia , Stan-Głowińska Katarzyna , Rogal Łukasz , Czaja Paweł , Przewoźnik Janusz , Chulist Robert , Duraczyńska Dorota , Lityńska-Dobrzyńska Lidia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntermetallic compounds, due to their well-defined stoichiometry, arrangement of atoms and controlled crystal structure, are a promising alternative to expensive noble metal catalysts. In this paper, the catalytic properties of Al-13.5 at.% Cr and Al-13.5 at.% V alloys, corresponding to the quasicrystalline approximants Al45Cr7 and Al45V7, were investigated for the first time.The alloys in the form of fragmented brittle ribbons were produced by the melt-spinning. The microstructure of the ribbons, both in the as-spun state and after heat treatment (100 h at 600 °C), was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In the as-spun state, the ribbons showed a multiphase microstructure. In addition to the Al45Cr7 phase in the Al-Cr alloy and the Al3V phase in the Al-V alloy, they also contained α(Al) solid solution and icosahedral quasicrystalline phases. After heat treatment, the alloys became almost single phase, consisting mainly of stable monoclinic phases: Al45Cr7 or Al45V7. The catalytic performance of the phenylacetylene hydrogenation reaction was tested on as-spun and heat-treated alloys that had previously been pulverized and sieved to select a powder fraction of less than 32 µm. All the tested materials show high substrate conversion, above 80% after 1 h reaction, along with high activity rate. The homogenized powders demonstrated a slightly better properties in relation to as-spun materials. These results confirm the potential of intermetallic catalysts, including the tested alloys, in hydrogenation reactions and verify the possibility of using the metallurgical method to obtain catalytically active materials.
Graphical abstract
Inhibition of grain growth by pearlite improves hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the ultra-low carbon ferritic steel: the influence of H-assisted crack initiation and propagation mechanisms
Authors: Pichler Stefanie , Bendo Artenis , Mori Gregor , Safyari Mahdieh , Moshtaghi Masoud 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe influence of grain growth inhibition by pearlite on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior of ultra-low carbon ferritic steels was studied. The Fe-0.02C alloy has a considerable sensitivity to HE, while the Fe and Fe-0.1C materials have lower HE sensitivity. The high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGB) is responsible for the shift of the peak to a higher temperature in the Fe-0.1C alloy. The trapping of hydrogen by HAGBs was observed by hydrogen mapping. Higher density of HAGBs contributes to higher trap density in Fe-0.1C alloy and lower H diffusion coefficient. The coexistence of hydrogen enhanced decohesion (HEDE) and hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) mechanisms was identified and discussed. The results indicate that HEDE is active in the initial stage of the tensile loading during crack initiation and HELP in the rest of tensile testing duration that controls the crack propagation. Due to the reduction in grain size caused by the addition of pearlite, the normalized hydrogen content per HAGB length is significantly lower than Fe-0.1C, which means that the critical amount of local hydrogen required for crack initiation is less likely to accumulate due to the weakening of cohesive interatomic strength. In Fe-0.02C alloy, the ciritcal local content was built up at HAGBs, and resulting in activation of HEDE mechanism for crack initiation. In Fe-0.1C, a lower possibility of accumulating the critical H concentration at HAGBs, resulting in limited activation of HEDE-based crack initiation at HAGB and less crack propagation events based on the HELP mechanism.
Zabczyk Type Criteria for Asymptotic Behavior of Dynamical Systems and Applications
Authors: Dragičević Davor , Sasu Adina Luminiţa , Sasu Bogdan , Şirianţu Ana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We obtain new characterizations for nonuniform and uniform asymptotic behaviors of variational systems in infinite dimensional spaces, following the line of studies recently developed in Dragičević et al. (J Differ Equ 268:4786–4829, 2020, J Dyn Differ Equ 34:1107–1137, 2022, Appl Math Comput 414:1–22, 2022, J Math Anal Appl 515:1–37, 2022). First, we give complete descriptions for both nonuniform and uniform stability by means of some nonuniform conditions of convergence for series of suitable nonlinear trajectories. We apply our criteria to present a novel method of exploring the robustness of the nonuniform exponential stability under additive and multiplicative perturbations and we also deduce some consequences for the robustness of the uniform exponential stability. After that, we obtain characterizations for nonuniform and uniform instability in terms of certain nonuniform conditions imposed to the sums of some well-chosen series of nonlinear trajectories. We apply our results to provide a new technique of exploring the robustness of the nonuniform exponential instability under additive and multiplicative perturbations and discuss the consequences for uniform exponential instability. Hence, for both stability and instability we generalize the previous Zabczyk type results and extend their applicability. Next, as another class of applications, we provide nonuniform criteria of Rolewicz type for stability and instability of skew-product semiflows. Thus, we extend the Zabczyk–Rolewicz type methods in two directions: by giving local conditions for global behaviors and by employing specific nonuniform boundedness conditions. Our criteria can be applied to broad classes of discrete and continuous variational dynamical systems.
Social Support Seeking Among Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Analysis of Lived Experiences
Authors: Puente-Martínez Alicia , Reyes-Sosa Hyram , Ubillos-Landa Silvia , Iraurgi-Castillo Ioseba 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Intimate partner violence against women is a major source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. In this study, 131 testimonies of female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are examined to study the factors associated with victims’ decision to seek social support (formal and informal).

Method
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with female victims of IPV in Spain. The IRaMuTeQ 7 software was used to analyze the discourses. A total of 10,845 words with 1183 different forms were examined.

Results
The analysis identified six clusters. Cluster 1 (18% of the total content) reflects the emotional component of aggression (fear of death). Cluster 2 (13.1%) describes psychological aggression (threatening), and Cluster 3 (17.2%) refers to the use of power within relationships (control). Cluster 6 (13.8%) includes different types of physical aggression (hitting); and Clusters 4 (21%) and 5 (16.9%) refer to formal (judging) and informal (friends) social support.

Conclusions
Results indicated a strong association between emotions (e.g., fear of dying) and physical and psychological aggression. Non-fatal strangulation represented an extreme form of physical violence that was used to control women increasing the risk of violence becoming lethal. Women tended to seek more support when the violence increased, and they perceived a greater risk to their children. There was an association between suffering violence, power, control, and seeking formal and informal social support. Results have significant implications to interrupt coercive control processes and to motivate help seeking behaviors in victims of IPV.
Behavioural Tracking and Profiling Studies Involving Objective Data Derived from Online Operators: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , Parke Jonathan , Catania Maris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudies involving the analysis of objective data from online operators attempt to address common concerns about biases in self-report research. This paper surveys the progress in this area of research over the last 15 years. The findings highlight many areas of achievement, including: the development of a set of behavioural markers that reliably differentiate variations in gambler risk. Online gamblers can be grouped into clusters based on the intensity and frequency of gambling; behavioural variability; or, signs of over-commitment (e.g., deposit frequency or expenditure patterns). Behavioural indicators have also been successfully used to predict proxies of harm such as self-exclusion or account closures. However, relatively few studies have combined objective data with self-report data to achieve independent validation of the risk-status of gamblers. Evidence also supports the potential value of short-term responsible gambling interventions involving the use of voluntary and mandatory limits, messages and behavioural feedback. Less work has, on the other hand, addressed the comparative risk of different online gambling products. The findings suggest the need for further validation of findings against independent measures of gambling risk; consistent definitions of indicators; a greater focus on the differentiation of product risk; and, on the long-term impact of RG interventions.
The Prohibition of Suicide and Its Theological Rationale in Catholic Moral and Canonical Tradition: Origins and Development
Authors: Adamiak Stanisław , Dohnalik Jan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the nuances of the Roman Catholic Church’s opposition to suicide. First, we analyze biblical suicide cases, showing that these were not usually met with clear condemnation. Next, we show the development of the Roman Catholic Church’s moral teachings, with special attention to Augustine. The canon law of the Middle Ages still made some distinctions regarding motivation, but at this point, Roman Catholic funerals started to be refused to those having committed suicide as discouragement to others. This was maintained by the Council of Trent. In the twentieth century, the Roman Catholic Church followed modern psychiatry in attributing suicide to mental illness, and the ban on Roman Catholic funerals was lifted. Currently, the Roman Catholic Church tries to discourage suicide while accompanying people in need.
Novel robust upcycling approach for the manufacture of value-added polymers based on mixed (poly)urethane scraps
Authors: Beyerlein Gerd-Sebastian , Ratke Lorenz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlastic pollution undoubtedly is a big global issue for present and future generations. Despite numerous activities in the field, the recycling of thermoset polymers still poses an immense challenge to the chemical industry. The present work proposes a new solution to the plastics pollution issue by developing a novel technology for the transformation of polyurethane (PUR) scraps into value-added polymers. In contrast to conventional methods, which usually involve elaborate but costly methods for sorting and separating different plastics into single-origin material flows, the feasibility of direct upcycling of valueless, mixed PUR-based production scraps into polymer aerogels will be shown. Despite the impurity of the feedstock, the aerogels synthesized in this work possess a well-defined and tuneable meso-porous microstructure and a very low thermal conductivity in the range of comparable high-performance insulation materials. The transfer of this newly developed approach to other polymers as well as bio-based precursors could significantly accelerate the development of holistic circular economies.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of counter-urbanization on Mediterranean rural landscapes
Authors: Herrero-Jáuregui C. , Concepción E. D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Context
Counter-urbanization, or the reverse migration from the city to the countryside, is a well-known demographic trend associated with rural restructuring since the 1980s. Counter-urbanization is particularly relevant in social-ecological systems with a long history of human land use, such as the Mediterranean ones. However, the extent and impacts of this phenomenon are largely unknown, particularly in this region.

Objectives
We aim to review the state of the issue of counter-urbanization in the Mediterranean region. We focus on the particular determinants and outcomes of this phenomenon in Mediterranean landscapes.

Methods
We conducted a bibliographic review using the Web of Science. We summarized and classified the main findings in different categories according to the socio-economic drivers of this process and its impacts on the landscape along the land sharing-sparing gradient.

Results
We found 31 studies that met the criteria to be reviewed and classified them as follows: a first group of studies focused on counter-urbanization as an urban sprawl driver; a second group linked counter-urbanization to rural gentrification. These two groups point to a twofold trend of land intensification or abandonment resulting in land-sparing landscapes. A third group of studies explored the urban–rural migration motivated by economic crisis and rural areas’ role as refugees that support land-sharing landscapes. A fourth group focused on multi-functional, land-sharing landscapes enhanced by rural newcomers.

Conclusions
Although counter-urbanization can follow the usual path of urbanization and gentrification, it may also constitute an alternative way to reverse the current trends of rural abandonment and land-use intensification in Mediterranean landscapes. Public policies play a major role to drive this movement toward the maintenance or recovery of multifunctional landscapes, and to minimize their undesirable impacts.
Research in the greenwashing field: concepts, theories, and potential impacts on economic and social value
Authors: Bernini Francesca , La Rosa Fabio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to define a theoretical background for investigating greenwashing from a business economic perspective. We consider possible research questions in the relevant field of study, which is business economics studies. The first research step proposes a path that will orient scholars to the multifaceted perspectives of greenwashing. The second step analyzes the main theories that can support researchers and might motivate the possible greenwashing strategies. The third step highlights the potential link between greenwashing, reputational and relational capital, and a broad concept of value that includes the social dimension. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework that highlights some emerging research issues and anticipates the effects of greenwashing. Considering that self-regulation is not effective in reducing the gap between substantive and symbolic behaviors, the main practical implication of this study lies in addressing the need for stronger regulation and effective legal enforcement, not only to improve mandatory environmental disclosure but also to develop an audit process of such disclosure. Our analysis offers a number of suggestions for future research. Considering the centrality of disclosure in the theoretical framework we defined for greenwashing, future research could adopt the legitimacy theory perspective to focus on the role of mandatory environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) disclosure as well. Further, our conceptual framework highlights a possible research issue that investigates how a social value destruction resulting from inconsistent environmental strategies, may impact shareholders’ economic value.
Defending explicability as a principle for the ethics of artificial intelligence in medicine
Authors: Adams Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe difficulty of explaining the outputs of artificial intelligence (AI) models and what has led to them is a notorious ethical problem wherever these technologies are applied, including in the medical domain, and one that has no obvious solution. This paper examines the proposal, made by Luciano Floridi and colleagues, to include a new ‘principle of explicability’ alongside the traditional four principles of bioethics that make up the theory of ‘principlism’. It specifically responds to a recent set of criticisms that challenge the supposed need for such a principle to perform an enabling role in relation to the traditional four principles and therefore suggest that these four are sufficient without the addition of explicability. The paper challenges the critics’ premise that explicability cannot be an ethical principle like the classic four because it is explicitly subordinate to them. It argues instead that principlism in its original formulation locates the justification for ethical principles in a midlevel position such that they mediate between the most general moral norms and the contextual requirements of medicine. This conception of an ethical principle then provides a mold for an approach to explicability on which it functions as an enabling principle that unifies technical/epistemic demands on AI and the requirements of high-level ethical theories. The paper finishes by anticipating an objection that decision-making by clinicians and AI fall equally, but implausibly, under the principle of explicability’s scope, which it rejects on the grounds that human decisions, unlike AI’s, can be explained by their social environments.
Two-Sided Boundary Points of Sobolev Extension Domains on Euclidean Spaces
Authors: García-Bravo Miguel , Rajala Tapio , Takanen Jyrki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove an estimate on the Hausdorff dimension of the set of two-sided boundary points of general Sobolev extension domains on Euclidean spaces. We also present examples showing lower bounds on possible dimension estimates of this type.
Who is responsible for ‘responsible AI’?: Navigating challenges to build trust in AI agriculture and food system technology
Authors: Alexander Carrie S. , Yarborough Mark , Smith Aaron 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article presents findings from interviews that were conducted with agriculture and food system researchers to understand their views about what it means to conduct ‘responsible’ or ‘trustworthy’ artificial intelligence (AI) research. Findings are organized into four themes: (1) data access and related ethical problems; (2) regulations and their impact on AI food system technology research; (3) barriers to the development and adoption of AI-based food system technologies; and (4) bridges of trust that researchers feel are important in overcoming the barriers they identified. All four themes reveal gray areas and contradictions that make it challenging for academic researchers to earn the trust of farmers and food producers. At the same time, this trust is foundational to research that would contribute to the development of high-quality AI technologies. Factors such as increasing regulations and worsening environmental conditions are stressing agricultural systems and are opening windows of opportunity for technological solutions. However, the dysfunctional process of technology development and adoption revealed in these interviews threatens to close these windows prematurely. Insights from these interviews can support governments and institutions in developing policies that will keep the windows open by helping to bridge divides between interests and supporting the development of technologies that deserve to be called “responsible” or “trustworthy” AI.
Is Cognitive Reserve a Determinant of Functional and Mental Health in Older People of the Sardinian Blue Zone? A Mediational Approach
Authors: Fastame Maria Chiara , Brandas Benedetta , Pau Massimiliano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive reserve in the relationship between functional health (expressed through the amount and intensity of performed physical activity objectively assessed using wearable accelerometers) and psychological well-being (i.e., assessed in terms of self-reported depressive signs) of older people living in an area of exceptional longevity, the so-called Sardinian Blue Zone. A further goal was to investigate the impact of gender on the cognitive reserve and physical health of our participants, using global cognitive functioning as a covariate. A battery of tests assessing motor efficiency, cognitive reserve, global cognitive functioning, and self-reported depressive symptoms was individually presented to 120 community dwellers (Mage = 82 years, SD = 8.4 years) of the Sardinian Blue Zone. Significant associations were found between cognitive reserve, motor efficiency, and self-reported depressive signs. Moreover, three mediation analyses documented that distinct indexes of cognitive reserve and motor efficiency explain 27.2-31% of the variance in the self-reported depression condition. Following this, it was also found that people with scarce cognitive reserve tended to exhibit significant signs of depression and showed worse motor abilities. In addition, after controlling for the effect of global cognitive functioning, motor efficiency, and cognitive reserve were generally more preserved in males than in females. Overall, these findings suggest that cognitive reserve is a compensatory resource that contributes significantly to the enhancement of health-related quality of life in the last decades of life.