bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Génocide, révisionnisme, négationnisme : la réception contrastée de la série Black Earth Rising
Authors: Allouche Sylvie 
Published: January 2025

Black Earth Rising (Rwanda, la couleur du sang en français) est une mini-série de Hugo Blick de 2018 coproduite par la BBC et Netflix, dont le personnage principal, Kate Ashby, est initialement présenté comme une survivante du génocide tutsi dont le Rwanda a été le théâtre en 1994. Adoptée suite au génocide par une avocate britannique, elle est elle-même devenue juriste, la série mettant en scène une étape de sa vie où elle se trouve confrontée à la complexité de ce qui s’est joué pendant cette période sur les plans politique et humain. Or, la série a suscité des réactions très contrastées, comme on peut le voir à travers divers articles publiés dans des journaux reconnus, tels Le Monde ou Libération, dans des revues en ligne ou dans des blogs. Tandis que certains louent la série pour sa capacité à intéresser le grand public à un sujet difficile, d’autres lui reprochent de contribuer à diffuser une version révisionniste, et même négationniste, de cet épisode historique.
La persistance du western : Yellowstone, la Nouvelle télévision et l’histoire américaine
Authors: Shuster Martin 
Published: January 2025

Cet essai explore les façons dont le western a trouvé une nouvelle vie dans la « Nouvelle télévision », en particulier dans le néo western Yellowstone. L’article s’intéresse à l’importance du western à la fois pour le médium qu’est la Nouvelle télévision et pour la construction de l’identité et de l’histoire américaines. Je soutiens que si le western a joué un rôle central dans la construction de l’identité américaine depuis ses premiers jours, les développements récents de l’identité américaine suggèrent de nouveaux développements qualitatifs pour le western version Nouvelle télévision.
Infection Dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Wild-type and Delta Variant of Concern in a Pediatric Cohort in Southern India
Authors: Penugonda Asha Jyothi , Biswas Deepayan , Palani Murugan Thimiri , Priya Sangeetha , Subaschandrabose Rajesh Kumar , Valiaveetil Koshy Alan , Antonisamy Belavendra , Kompithra Rajeev Zachariah , Mathew Leni Grace , Moorthy Mahesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Dynamics, severity, and immune response of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection vary between children and adults. There are only a few reports on the differential impact of variants in children, and none reported from low-and-middle-income countries.

Materials and Methods:
Between November 2020 and August 2021, we enrolled children under 16 years testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared virus characteristics (viral load, virus variant - Wild-type or Delta), disease severity (asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate, and severe), and immunity levels to the virus (anti-N and anti-S) after 4–6 weeks.

Results:
Of 79 children recruited, 29%, 59%, and 11% had asymptomatic, mild-to moderate, or severe presentations, respectively. Wild-type and delta variants presented with similar disease severity. For both variants, anti-S antibody levels were higher than anti-N antibody levels (P < 0.0001). Anti-S was also higher than anti-N among asymptomatic (P = 0.02) and mild-to-moderate disease (P < 0.0001). Children with higher virus loads had higher levels of both anti-S and anti-N antibodies (quartile [QS]1 versus QS3, P < 0.05). Among low (QS3) virus loads, wild-type anti-S levels were higher than delta infected (P = 0.003). In mild-to-moderate disease, the mean Ct value of wild type (32.5) was higher than that of delta infection (25.0) (P = 0.0083).

Conclusions:
In children, the antibody response is driven by viral load. In mild-to-moderate disease, higher loads of Delta variant of concern resulted in robust antibody response that was absent in severe disease. These results could inform potential responses to future SARS-CoV-2 variants and may guide decisions on targeted vaccination in children.
A Systematic Review of Self-directed Learning in Medical Education in Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Gupta Dharmendra Kumar , Chaudhuri Arunima , Gaine Dip 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Self-directed learning (SDL), which emphasizes the need for students to take ownership of their learning, has become a crucial part of medical education. With the increasing complexity of health care, SDL is seen as a crucial skill for fostering lifelong learning and adapting to new challenges. This systematic review examines the current landscape of SDL in undergraduate medical education, exploring its effectiveness, implementation strategies, and areas for future development. A methodical exploration was carried out within the PubMed database to locate pertinent research articles released between 2012 and 2024. Studies that reported results pertaining to academic achievement, clinical competence, or student perspectives and that concentrated on SDL in undergraduate medical education were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data, evaluated its quality, and synthesized the results thematically. In all, twenty-three papers were covered in this study. The findings indicate SDL positively impacts students’ academic performance and clinical skills, with many students reporting increased engagement and motivation. Effective implementation strategies included integrating SDL into the curriculum, providing faculty support, and utilizing digital tools to enhance learning. However, the review also identified significant heterogeneity in the definition and assessment of SDL across studies, as well as challenges related to student self-regulation and faculty preparedness. SDL is a useful method in medical education for undergraduates since it helps students become self-reflective, independent practitioners. To fully comprehend its long-term effects, however, longitudinal research, faculty development initiatives, and standardized SDL frameworks are required.
Comprehensive review of Sariva (Indian sarsaparilla) and its botanical sources
Authors: Manjula  , Chaudhary Krutika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Sariva [Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.], a widely used medicinal plant in India, although well-established as H. indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult., Apocynaceae; different botanical sources are used. This study reviews botanical sources available in the drug market, their classical references, and contemporary documentation. This study is an exclusive documentation of scattered information of Sariva and its various botanical resources. Significant keywords used were Sariva, Krishnasariva, Utpalasariva, Shyama, Ananta, Asphota, Gopavalli, Krishnavalli, Bhadra, Chandana, Kalindi, H. indicus, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Cryptolepis buchanani, and Decalepis hamiltonii. Different textual references suggest Sariva to be H. indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult., Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Schult., I. frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton, Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn., and Asphota (Phyllanthus distichus (L.) Müll. Arg. or Clitoria ternatea (L.)). Substitutes discussed are Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn., Maerua arenaria Hook. f. & Thomson, Smilax china L., Periploca aphylla Decne., stem pieces of Cryptolepis buchanani, Ichnocarpus, Goravaganja, Karanta (Barleria prionites L.), and Vallaris species, whereas adulterants include Begonia carpreolata L., Bignoniaceae, and Polygonum amplexicaulis D. Don. Results indicate that Sariva is more similar to H. indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult., Asphotaa as H. indicus, or Vallaris heynei Spreng. Shweta and Krishnasariva are mentioned as H. indicus and Cryptolepis buchanani, respectively. The potential to identify all the possible sources will definitely assist in detecting adulteration. Furthermore, as many plants are becoming endangered, different botanical sources may be further tested through experimental and clinical studies to identify species exhibiting properties and actions more closer to those of the original Sariva.
Pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation of Prajasthapana granules: A novel polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation
Authors: Unnikrishnan Divya , Choudhary Poonam , Sukumaran Sakhitha Kolathuparambil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Garbhiniparicharya, as per Ayurveda, includes masnumasikaahara (food regimes) oushadhaprayoga such as garbhasthapakadravyas (medicines for the maintenance of pregnancy). Prajasthapana granules (PSG) is a novel drug administration method derived out of prajasthapana gana mahakashya dravya explained in Charaka samhita. Most of the drugs in the combination possess tikta rasa (bitter), laghu guna (lightness), and sita veerya (cold potency) that act over rasavaha srotas (channels carrying nutrient fluids) and enhance garbha poshana (fetal nourishment).

METHODS:
Preparation of medicine—the PSG was prepared after crude drug sample identification, authentication, and microscopic evaluation carried out at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, Raw Materials Herbarium and Museum, Delhi. Pharmacognostical, organoleptic, microscopy, physicochemical parameters, high-performance thin layer chromatography, and qualitative analysis for carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, protein, amino acids, and tannins were carried out in water- and alcohol-soluble extracts. Analysis for heavy metals, microbial contamination, and pesticide residues was carried out.

RESULTS:
The loss on drying at 105°C was 7.02% w/w, the pH (10% aqueous extract) was 3.28, the water-soluble extract was 75.02% w/w, the alcohol-soluble extract 88.19% w/w, petroleum ether soluble extract 0.13% w/w, ash value 2.12% w/w, and acid insoluble ash 0.55%. HPTLC was carried out after organizing the sample prepared in methanol and the solvent system: toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (5:4:1) v/v/v in which a maximum of seven spots were distinguished.

CONCLUSION:
Analytical studies of PSG carried out are preliminary and are suggestive of the quality standards of the formulation. The study’s results may be considered a reference in future research for generating standard operative procedures.
Assessment of Orofacial Dysfunctions Using the ‘Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening’ Method Among Children with Cerebral Palsy and its Correlation with Dental Caries – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nayak Mihir , Srinath Sarakanuru. K. , Nagaraj Tejavathi , Azher Umme , Goveas Shinie R. , Idiculla Shereen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) is an all-inclusive method of screening for oro-facial dysfunctions (OFDs).

Objectives:
To evaluate the OFD of children affected with cerebral palsy (CP) employing NOT-S and to detect the correlation of OFD with dental caries.

Methods:
Seventy-six children aged 4 to 14 years affected with CP had been included in the cross-sectional study. A single trained examiner who was experienced in using the NOT-S method performed screening and interpreted the results. Dental caries was determined based on the criteria advocated by the World Health Organization, 1997.

Results:
The most consistently detected OFD during interview were observed in the categories of habits, chewing/swallowing and drooling. Oral motor dysfunctions and speech issues were predominantly seen when examined. A very weak positive correlation was noticed amid NOT-S scores and caries in primary dentition, whereas almost no correlation with caries in permanent dentition was noticed.

Conclusion:
The NOT-S protocol was a successfully valuable tool for holistic assessment of OFD in children affected with CP.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Dental Caries Experience Among Indian Adolescents
Authors: Singh Shilpi , Jain Meena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Dental decay is a prevalent oral disease that impacts the quality of life (QoL) of children and adults. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the connection between dental caries and the QoL of adolescents. The study aimed to assess caries prevalence and its association with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents in Modinagar, India.

Methods:
The present study, conducted on 1600 adolescents, utilized a self-designed questionnaire to collect demographic data, while the prevalidated Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) assessed OHRQoL. Caries was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0. IBM Corp).

Results:
Dental caries was found to be 38.5% among adolescents. The overall CPQ score was 9.15 ± 0.32. A positive correlation was observed between CPQ and DMFT (rho =0.191, P = 0.002) and also between CPQ and oral symptoms (OS) (rho =0.109, P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Higher CPQ scores indicated a poor OHRQoL. Dental caries exhibited a significant correlation with their OHRQoL. The implementation of an inventive oral healthcare initiative through public-private collaboration could potentially enhance their OHRQoL.
Radiographic Investigation of the Antegonial Angle, Antegonial Depth, Gonial Angle, and the Ramus Height to Estimate the Gender and Growth Patterns in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Khan Mahamad Irfanulla , Gopal Tarika , Laxmikanth S M , Varughese Mathurampoyikayil Anju 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
The antegonial angle (AGA), antegonial depth (AGD), gonial angle (GA), and ramus height (RH) of the mandible progress with age, gender, and dental condition.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to investigate the AGA, AGD, GA, and RH to assess the gender and growth patterns in orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods:
Pre-treatment orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms of 500 orthodontic patients with an age range of 13–30 years (mean ± SD: 19.63 ± 4.19) were selected. Based on the sagittal and vertical cephalometric measurements, they were divided into six groups. The AGA, AGD, GA, and RH were measured. The data were analyzed using the student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA statistical tests.

Results:
The RH was short with an increased AGA, AGD, and GA in vertical growth patterns. In the class II group, the AGA, AGD, GA, and RH were found statistically significant. The females showed a higher AGA and GA, whereas the males had an increased RH and AGD.

Conclusion:
Class II skeletal pattern exhibited an increased AGA and AGD, while those with a class III skeletal pattern displayed an increased GA and RH. Gender differences showed that females exhibited a higher AGA and GA, whereas males had an increased RH and AGD.
Efficacy of Diode Laser in Excisional Biopsy of Soft Tissue Lesions in Oral Cavity and Assessment of Their Wound Healing – A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Priyadharshini. S , Gopal. K Saraswathi , Kumar. P Mahesh , Lankupalli Arathy S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Laser light is used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Diode lasers are compact, portable, and relatively affordable. Biopsies of oral soft tissue lesions can be done using scalpel, electrocautery, and laser.

Aim:
To assess and evaluate the wound healing and pain following diode laser excision of oral soft tissue lesions along with histopathological analysis.

Methodology:
This is a prospective clinical observational study involving 50 patients above 18 years with oral soft tissue lesions indicated for excisional biopsy. Excision was performed using 980 nm diode laser set at 3W power with the pulsed mode using a 300 μm fiber optic tip under local anesthesia. Wound healing and subjective pain were evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days and 1 month postoperatively. Histopathological findings of excised specimens were also recorded.

Results:
Statistical analysis showed postoperative wound healing in different time intervals was highly significant (P > 0.001) with complete epithelization (100%) observed in all the lesions. There was very minimal pain, and the VAS score was also highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) on the follow-up days. Histopathologically, 4% charring and 12% artifacts were only evident.

Conclusion:
From the observation made from our study, we conclude that 980 nm diode laser can be safely and efficaciously used in oral biopsies without postoperative complications.
Factors Associated with Dengue Outbreaks in Pulau Pinang from the eDengue Database 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yusoff Mohamad Zuhair Mohamed , Ruzlin Aimi Nadira Mat , Mohamad Mariam , Zainuddin Mohamad Azfar 
Published: January 2025

Background & objectives:
Dengue is now endemic in over 100 countries, with Asia bearing over 70% of the global burden. In Malaysia, dengue cases have increased dramatically, particularly in Pulau Pinang, where cases rose from 1,621 in 2022 to 7,343 in 2023. To examine factors associated with dengue outbreaks in Pulau Pinang in 2023 by comparing outbreak cases with single cases.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study using eDengue database, the Malaysian National Dengue Registry.

Results:
The study included 1,106 confirmed dengue cases, with 553 categorised as outbreak cases and 553 as single cases. Significant associations were found between dengue outbreaks and Priority Locality 1 (areas with Uncontrolled Outbreaks/ Hotspots/ Recurrent Outbreaks/ Dengue Deaths in the previous year) (AOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06,0.37, p<0.001), Aedes Index ≥1% (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02,1.77, p=0.031), patients initially visiting government clinics (AOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10,2.43, p=0.015), hospitalized dengue patients (AOR: 0.70. 95%CI: 0.52,0.96, p=0.029), the time taken from notification to source reduction (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.50,0.66, p<0.001) and time taken from notification to investigation (AOR: 2.40 95%CI: 1.77,3.24, p<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusion:
This study identifies key factors associated with dengue outbreaks in Pulau Pinang such as Aedes Index, Priority Locality 1 areas and initial visits to government clinics. These findings underscore the need for targeted vector control and early intervention in high-risk areas to reduce outbreak risk. Early healthcare seeking behavior and timely intervention are critical in managing the spread of dengue. Further research is needed to explore additional factors and improve public health strategies.
Soft tissue chin thickness in different vertical skeletal patterns
Authors: Shehata Ayman M. , Gaballa Safaa M. , Gomaa Nahla E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate and compare the soft tissue chin (STC) thickness at different chin levels with different vertical growth patterns among the adult patients in a sample from Egyptian population.

Patients and methods
One hundred eighty pretreated lateral cephalograms of Egyptian orthodontic patients of both sexes with class Ι malocclusion (ANB 2°–4° according to Aboul-Azm and colleagues) and different vertical skeletal patterns. With age ranging from 16 to 22 years old. The enrolled cases were divided into three groups based on their vertical skeletal patterns using angular measurements of Steiner analysis (SN-GoGn). High angle SN-MP angle more than 37, low angle SN-MP angle less than 27, and average angle SN-MP angle 27–37. The STC thicknesses were measured at pogonion (Pog), gnathion (Gn), and menton (Me). Group differences were evaluated with two-way analysis of variance and Students t test. The Pearson product moment correlation gauged associations between parameters.

Results
The STC values were greater in men than women (P < 0.04) and were smaller in the high group (9.06 ± 1.28 mm) than in all other groups at Gn (mean values 20.672 m; P = 0.001) and at Me (high group 8.22 ± 1.94 mm; other groups 10.18 ± 3.56 mm, STC 9.11 ± 2.37 mm; P = 0.001).

Conclusion
The STC thickness had the highest measurements in the hypodivergent group at pogonion, gnathion, and menton and the lowest being in the hyperdivergent group. This differential thickness warrants focused research as it implies that it is possible. The STC thickness apparently adapts to severe hyperdivergence through increased stretching of the STC thickness with progressive increase in facial divergence. The possibility that more advancement genioplasty to achieve better chin projection may be needed in patients with severe hyperdivergence.
Effect of different universal adhesive application protocols on shear bond strength of bulk fill composite to resin modified glass ionomer
Authors: Sallom Mahmoud M. , Abdalla Ali I. , Salama Mirvat M. , El-Marhomy Al-Zahraa. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of bulk fill composite to resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) after different universal adhesive application protocols.

Patients and methods
Thirty RMGIC (Ionoseal) discs are prepared using split Teflon mold with central holes 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height that were randomly divided according to different universal adhesive application protocols into three equal groups (10 each) as fallow: group I: Bulk fill composite was immediately placed without any treatment over RMGIC using another split Teflon mold with central holes 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. Group II: Bulk fill composite was placed on RMGIC after treating of RMGIC discs with universal adhesive (Futurabond U). Group III: Bulk fill composite was placed on RMGIC after treating of RMGIC discs with 35% phosphoric acid and Futurabond U. Samples were thermocycled for 5000 cycles. SBS was measured using universal testing machine and the nature of the fracture was determined using stereomicroscope. Data was collected and analyzed statistically at a significance level of P less than 0.05.

Results
The highest mean SBS was recorded in group III followed by group II, while the lowest SBS was in group I. Samples in group I showed statistical significant differences versus both group II and III with P value 0.021 and less than 0.001, respectively, while there is no statistically significant difference when comparing SBS values of group II versus group III with P value 0.227. All the tested samples revealed only mixed failure mode.

Conclusions
Using universal adhesive system in sandwich technique provide a reliable bond between RMGIC and bulk fill composite than without any adhesive treatment. Using universal adhesive in total-etch mode improve the bond strength between the tested material but without significant effect compared to self-etch mode.