bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride/melamine‐cyanurate modified Mg(OH)2@bentonite nanocomposites; mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties
Authors: Hajibeygi Mohsen , Soltani Faezeh , Shabanian Meisam , Maleki Mahdiye , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Kruppke Benjamin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, a strategy was used to combine Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles (MDH), the bentonite nano‐sheets, and melamine cyanurate (MC) to prepare dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanocomposites with increased thermal stability, Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), and tensile strength as well as reduced total heat release. To prepare MC‐modified Mg(OH)2@bentonite nanohybrid (MMHB), MDH was installed on the calcined bentonite and consequently modified with MC. The nanocomposite thin films were prepared from plasticized‐PVC and MMHB using the solvent casting method. It was found that the combination of MDH and the bentonite nano‐sheets in the presence of MC could improve the PVC properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in both N2 and air atmospheres, indicated that the thermal stability of PVC was enhanced via adding MMHB, which was evident by the increased thermal decomposition temperature. The microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) results of the PVC nanocomposites with 5% and 8% by mass of MMHB revealed that an optimal isolating layer is formed, which increased flame retardant properties. The PVC matrix nanocomposite containing 8% by mass of MMHB with LOI value of 33.4% exhibited high flame retardancy. Moreover, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the sample containing 5% by mass of MMHB increased by 65.5% and 55.2% compared to those of pristine PVC, respectively.Highlights
A nanohybrid was prepared from Mg(OH)2 (MDH) and calcined bentonite.
Preparation of melamine cyanurate (MC).
Preparation of MC‐modified MDH@bentonite nanohybrid (MMHB).
Effects of MMHB on thermal stability and flame retardancy of plasticized PVC.
The efficient flame retardancy effect of the additive on plasticized PVC.
AdS2 holography and ModMax
Authors: Rathi Hemant , Roychowdhury Dibakar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a JT gravity set up in the presence of projected ModMax corrections in two dimensions. Our starting point is the Einstein’s gravity in four dimensions accompanied by the ModMax Lagrangian. The 2D gravity action is obtained following a suitable dimensional reduction which contains a 2D image of the 4D ModMax Lagrangian. We carry out a perturbative analysis to find out the vacuum structure of the theory which asymptotes to AdS2 in the absence of U(1) gauge fields. We estimate the holographic central charge and obtain corrections perturbatively upto quadratic order in the ModMax and the U(1) coupling. We also find out ModMax corrected 2D black hole solutions and discuss their extremal limits.
Non-factorizable virtual corrections to Higgs boson production in weak boson fusion beyond the eikonal approximation
Authors: Long Ming-Ming , Melnikov Kirill , Quarroz Jérémie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Non-factorizable virtual corrections to Higgs boson production in weak boson fusion at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD were estimated in the eikonal approximation [1]. This approximation corresponds to the expansion of relevant amplitudes around the forward limit. In this paper we compute the leading power correction to the eikonal limit and show that it is proportional to first power of the Higgs boson transverse momentum or the Higgs boson mass over partonic center-of-mass energy. Moreover, this correction can be significantly enhanced by the rapidity of the Higgs boson. For realistic weak boson fusion cuts, the next-to-eikonal correction reduces the estimate of non-factorizable contributions to fiducial cross section by (20) percent.
Epigenetic silencing of OR and TAS2R genes expression in human orbitofrontal cortex at early stages of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Alves Victoria Cunha , Figueiro-Silva Joana , Ferrer Isidre , Carro Eva 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModulation of brain olfactory (OR) and taste receptor (TASR) expression was recently reported in neurological diseases. However, there is still limited evidence of these genes’ expression in the human brain and the transcriptional regulation mechanisms involved remain elusive. We explored the possible expression and regulation of selected OR and TASR in the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-demented control specimens using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. Global H3K9me3 amounts were measured on OFC total histone extracts, and H3K9me3 binding at each chemoreceptor locus was examined through native chromatin immunoprecipitation. To investigate the potential interactome of the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 in OFC specimens, native nuclear complex co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was combined with reverse phase-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. Interaction between H3K9me3 and MeCP2 was validated by reciprocal Co-IP, and global MeCP2 levels were quantitated. We found that OR and TAS2R genes are expressed and markedly downregulated in OFC at early stages of sporadic AD, preceding the progressive reduction in their protein levels and the appearance of AD-associated neuropathology. The expression pattern did not follow disease progression suggesting transcriptional regulation through epigenetic mechanisms. We discovered an increase of OFC global H3K9me3 levels and a substantial enrichment of this repressive signature at ORs and TAS2Rs proximal promoter at early stages of AD, ultimately lost at advanced stages. We revealed the interaction between H3K9me3 and MeCP2 at early stages and found that MeCP2 protein is increased in sporadic AD. Findings suggest MeCP2 might be implicated in OR and TAS2R transcriptional regulation through interaction with H3K9me3, and as an early event, it may uncover a novel etiopathogenetic mechanism of sporadic AD.
Graphical abstract
New Lower Bounds for the Integration of Periodic Functions
Authors: Krieg David , Vybíral Jan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the integration problem on Hilbert spaces of (multivariate) periodic functions.The standard technique to prove lower bounds for the error of quadrature rules uses bump functions and the pigeon hole principle. Recently, several new lower bounds have been obtained using a different technique which exploits the Hilbert space structure and a variant of the Schur product theorem. The purpose of this paper is to (a) survey the new proof technique, (b) show that it is indeed superior to the bump-function technique, and (c) sharpen and extend the results from the previous papers.
Blastische plasmazytoide dendritische Zellneoplasie (BPDCN)
Authors: Nguyen Katrin , Korsing Sören , Mansour Yasmine , Meier Katharina 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie blastische plasmazytoide dendritische Zellneoplasie ist eine seltene hämatologische Neoplasie, die aus Vorläuferzellen der plasmazytoiden dendritischen Zellen entsteht und durch disseminierte, erythematöse bis bläulich-livide Plaques oder Nodi gekennzeichnet ist. Aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankung stellen die Diagnose und Therapie eine Herausforderung dar. Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit BPDCN und stellen klinische und diagnostische Merkmale sowie Therapieoptionen vor.
OCT, Triple H oder doch etwas anderes?
Authors: Heinen Anna , Erlebach Rolf , Schrimpf Claudia , Bonani Marco , Ganter Christoph C. , David Sascha , Andermatt Rea 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Hyperammonämie ist ein lebensbedrohliches Krankheitsbild, dessen Prognose von einer raschen Senkung des Ammoniaks abhängt. Ist eine hepatische Ursache ausgeschlossen, ist die Differenzialdiagnose breit und umfasst auch im Erwachsenenalter hereditäre Stoffwechselerkrankungen. Hier beschreiben wir den Fall einer 25-jährigen Patientin mit einer schweren, therapierefraktären Hyperammonämie und betonen die Relevanz der extrakorporalen Elimination des Ammoniaks.
Gibt es eine „europäische Pädiatrie“?
Authors: Dornbusch Hans Jürgen , Trobisch Andreas , Sauseng Werner , Kurz Ronald 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 1961 wurde die Confederation of European Specialists in Paediatrics (CESP) als Berufsverband für Kinderärztinnen und -ärzte und andere Fachleute im Bereich der Kinderheilkunde in Europa gegründet.Im Jahr 2001 wurde die CESP in European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP; www.eapaediatrics.eu) umbenannt, entsprechend ihrer Vision und ihrem Auftrag, als „Gesellschaft“ engagierter Pädiater durch Bildung und Forschung optimale Standards für die Gesundheit und das Wohlergehen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in ganz Europa zu fördern und aufrechtzuerhalten sowie v. a. für die Gesundheit und die Rechte der Kinder in der gesamten europäischen Region einzutreten, so wie es durch die American Academy of Pediatrics für die Kinder in den 50 Vereinigten Staaten geschieht.Die EAP bietet Pädiater/innen und anderen Fachleuten aus dem Bereich der Kindergesundheit ein Forum für den Wissens- und Ideenaustausch sowie für die Zusammenarbeit bei Forschungs- und klinischen Projekten an, des Weiteren Ausbildungsrichtlinien und Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten, darunter Online-Kurse, Workshops und jährliche internationale Konferenzen (EAP Congress and Mastercourse, alternierend mit dem Meeting der European Academy of Paediatric Societies, EAPS).Außerdem ist die EAP maßgeblich an einer Reihe von gesundheitsfördernden Initiativen beteiligt, wie Information über den Wert des Impfens, die Prüfung von Medizinprodukten mit hohem Risiko, die Unterstützung des Stillens und das Eintreten für eine Politik, die eine gesunde Lebensweise für Kinder und Familien fördert.Die EAP, mit Hauptsitz in Brüssel, repräsentiert die pädiatrische Sektion der European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS PS), ist in der International Pediatric Association (IPA, www.ipa-world.org) vertreten und arbeitet eng mit der European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians (ECPCP) zusammen sowie mit anderen europäischen und internationalen Organisationen, die sich für die Gesundheit und Entwicklung von Kindern einsetzen, wie European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), WHO und UNICEF.In der Einigkeit liegt die Kraft. Daher ist ein wichtiges Ziel der EAP, verschiedene pädiatrische Gesellschaften zusammenzubringen, um eine einheitliche und starke Stimme zu bilden, die sich für die Gesundheit und die Bedürfnisse von Kindern in ganz Europa einsetzt.
Animals evoking fear in the Cradle of Humankind: snakes, scorpions, and large carnivores
Authors: Frynta Daniel , Elmi Hassan Sh Abdirahman , Rexová Kateřina , Janovcová Markéta , Rudolfová Veronika , Štolhoferová Iveta , Král David , Sommer David , Berti Daniel Alex , Frýdlová Petra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTheories explain the presence of fears and specific phobias elicited by animals in contemporary WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations by their evolutionary past in Africa. Nevertheless, empirical data about fears of animals in the Cradle of Humankind are still fragmentary. To fill this gap, we examined which local animals are perceived as the most frightening by Somali people, who inhabit a markedly similar environment and the region where humans have evolved. We asked 236 raters to rank 42 stimuli according to their elicited fear. The stimuli were standardized pictures of species representing the local fauna. The results showed that the most frightening animals were snakes, scorpions, the centipede, and large carnivores (cheetahs and hyenas). These were followed up by lizards and spiders. Unlike in Europe, spiders represent less salient stimuli than scorpions for Somali respondents in this study. This conforms to the hypothesis suggesting that fear of spiders was extended or redirected from other chelicerates.
Social isolation in the oldest-old: determinants and the differential role of family and friends
Authors: Moormann Katharina Isabelle , Pabst Alexander , Bleck Franziska , Löbner Margrit , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , van der Leeden Carolin , Hajek André , Brettschneider Christian , Heser Kathrin , Kleineidam Luca , Werle Jochen , Fuchs Angela , Weeg Dagmar , Bickel Horst , Pentzek Michael , Weyerer Siegfried , Wiese Birgitt , Wagner Michael , Maier Wolfgang , Scherer Martin , König Hans-Helmut , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the association of sociodemographic and health-related determinants with social isolation in relation to family and friends in the oldest-old.

Methods
Database was the multi-center prospective AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe cohort study assessed at follow-up wave 5 (N = 1148; mean age 86.6 years (SD 3.0); 67% female). Social isolation was assessed using the short form of the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). The LSNS-6 contains two sets of items establishing psychometrically separable subscales for isolation from family and friends (ranges 0–15 points), with lower scores indicating higher isolation. Cross-sectional linear (OLS) regression analyses were used to examine multivariate associations of sociodemographic and health-related determinants with social isolation from family and friends.

Results
Overall, n = 395 participants (34.6%) were considered socially isolated. On average, isolation was higher from friends (mean 6.0, SD 3.8) than from family (mean 8.0, SD 3.5). Regression results revealed that in relation to family, males were more socially isolated than females (β = − 0.68, 95% CI − 1.08, − 0.28). Concerning friends, increased age led to more isolation (β = − 0.12, 95% CI − 0.19, − 0.05) and functional activities of daily living to less isolation (β = 0.36, 95% CI 0.09, 0.64). Independent of the social context, depression severity was associated with more social isolation, whereas cognitive functioning was associated with less social isolation.

Conclusions
Different determinants unequally affect social isolation in relation to family and friends. The context of the social network should be incorporated more strongly regarding the detection and prevention of social isolation to sustain mental and physical health.
The minor chicken class I gene BF1 is deleted between short imperfect direct repeats in the B14 and typical B15 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes
Authors: Rocos Nicolas I. E. , Coulter Felicity J. , Tan Thomas C. J. , Kaufman Jim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC, also known as the BF-BL region of the B locus) is notably small and simple with few genes, most of which are involved in antigen processing and presentation. There are two classical class I genes, of which only BF2 is well and systemically expressed as the major ligand for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The other class I gene, BF1, is believed to be primarily a natural killer (NK) cell ligand. Among most standard chicken MHC haplotypes examined in detail, BF1 is expressed tenfold less than BF2 at the RNA level due to defects in the promoter or in a splice site. However, in the B14 and typical B15 haplotypes, BF1 RNA was not detected, and here, we show that a deletion between imperfect 32 nucleotide direct repeats has removed the BF1 gene entirely. The phenotypic effects of not having a BF1 gene (particularly on resistance to infectious pathogens) have not been systematically explored, but such deletions between short direct repeats are also found in some BF1 promoters and in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of some BG genes found in the BG region of the B locus. Despite the opposite transcriptional orientation of homologous genes in the chicken MHC, which might prevent the loss of key genes from a minimal essential MHC, it appears that small direct repeats can still lead to deletion.
Bioprospection of the bacterial β-myrcene-biotransforming trait in the rhizosphere
Authors: Soares-Castro Pedro , Soares Filipa , Reis Francisca , Lino-Neto Teresa , Santos Pedro M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The biocatalysis of β-myrcene into value-added compounds, with enhanced organoleptic/therapeutic properties, may be performed by resorting to specialized enzymatic machinery of β-myrcene-biotransforming bacteria. Few β-myrcene-biotransforming bacteria have been studied, limiting the diversity of genetic modules/catabolic pathways available for biotechnological research. In our model Pseudomonas sp. strain M1, the β-myrcene catabolic core-code was identified in a 28-kb genomic island (GI). The lack of close homologs of this β-myrcene-associated genetic code prompted a bioprospection of cork oak and eucalyptus rhizospheres, from 4 geographic locations in Portugal, to evaluate the environmental diversity and dissemination of the β-myrcene-biotransforming genetic trait (Myr+).
Soil microbiomes were enriched in β-myrcene-supplemented cultures, from which β-myrcene-biotransforming bacteria were isolated, belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Sphingobacteriia classes. From a panel of representative Myr+ isolates that included 7 bacterial genera, the production of β-myrcene derivatives previously reported in strain M1 was detected in Pseudomonas spp., Cupriavidus sp., Sphingobacterium sp., and Variovorax sp. A comparative genomics analysis against the genome of strain M1 found the M1-GI code in 11 new Pseudomonas genomes. Full nucleotide conservation of the β-myrcene core-code was observed throughout a 76-kb locus in strain M1 and all 11 Pseudomonas spp., resembling the structure of an integrative and conjugative element (ICE), despite being isolated from different niches.
Furthermore, the characterization of isolates not harboring the Myr+-related 76-kb locus suggested that they may biotransform β-myrcene via alternative catabolic loci, being thereby a novel source of enzymes and biomolecule catalogue for biotechnological exploitation.

Key points
• The isolation of 150 Myr+bacteria hints the ubiquity of such trait in the rhizosphere.
• The Myr+trait is spread across different bacterial taxonomic classes.
• The core-code for the Myr+trait was detected in a novel ICE, only found in Pseudomonas spp.
A step forward to the optimized HlyA type 1 secretion system through directed evolution
Authors: Pourhassan Zohreh N. , Cui Haiyang , Muckhoff Neele , Davari Mehdi D. , Smits Sander H. J. , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Schmitt Lutz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Secretion of proteins into the extracellular space has great advantages for the production of recombinant proteins. Type 1 secretion systems (T1SS) are attractive candidates to be optimized for biotechnological applications, as they have a relatively simple architecture compared to other classes of secretion systems. A paradigm of T1SS is the hemolysin A type 1 secretion system (HlyA T1SS) from Escherichia coli harboring only three membrane proteins, which makes the plasmid-based expression of the system easy. Although for decades the HlyA T1SS has been successfully applied for secretion of a long list of heterologous proteins from different origins as well as peptides, but its utility at commercial scales is still limited mainly due to low secretion titers of the system. To address this drawback, we engineered the inner membrane complex of the system, consisting of HlyB and HlyD proteins, following KnowVolution strategy. The applied KnowVolution campaign in this study provided a novel HlyB variant containing four substitutions (T36L/F216W/S290C/V421I) with up to 2.5-fold improved secretion for two hydrolases, a lipase and a cutinase.

Key points
• An improvement in protein secretion via the use of T1SS
• Reaching almost 400 mg/L of soluble lipase into the supernatant
• A step forward to making E. coli cells more competitive for applying as a secretion host

Graphical Abstract
Multi-Instrumental Analysis Toward Exploring the Diabetic Foot Infection Microbiota
Authors: Złoch Michał , Maślak Ewelina , Kupczyk Wojciech , Pomastowski Paweł 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe polymicrobial nature of diabetic foot infection (DFI) makes accurate identification of the DFI microbiota, including rapid detection of drug resistance, challenging. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to apply matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) technique accompanied by multiply culture conditions to determine the microbial patterns of DFIs, as well as to assess the occurrence of drug resistance among Gram-negative bacterial isolates considered a significant cause of the multidrug resistance spread. Furthermore, the results were compared with those obtained using molecular techniques (16S rDNA sequencing, multiplex PCR targeting drug resistance genes) and conventional antibiotic resistance detection methods (Etest strips). The applied MALDI-based method revealed that, by far, most of the infections were polymicrobial (97%) and involved many Gram-positive and -negative bacterial species—19 genera and 16 families in total, mostly Enterobacteriaceae (24.3%), Staphylococcaceae (20.7%), and Enterococcaceae (19.8%). MALDI drug-resistance assay was characterized by higher rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases producers compared to the reference methods (respectively 31% and 10% compared to 21% and 2%) and revealed that both the incidence of drug resistance and the species composition of DFI were dependent on the antibiotic therapy used. MALDI approach included antibiotic resistance assay and multiply culture conditions provides microbial identification at the level of DNA sequencing, allow isolation of both common (eg. Enterococcus faecalis) and rare (such as Myroides odoratimimus) bacterial species, and is effective in detecting antibiotic-resistance, especially those of particular interest—ESBLs and carbapenemases.