bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma – was ist neu?
Authors: Westhölter Dirk , Reuter Sebastian , Taube Christian 
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?
Grundzüge der Therapie Eine bedarfsweise Monotherapie mit kurzwirksamen Beta-2-Sympathomimetika (SABA) stellt nicht mehr die bevorzugte Therapie in der Stufe 1 dar. Sie ist mit einem Verlust an Asthma-Kontrolle und einem Anstieg der asthmabezogenen Mortalität assoziiert. Die bedarfsweise Anwendung einer Fixkombination aus einem inhalativen Kortikosteroid mit einem Beta-2-Sympathomimetikum (ICS-Formoterol) zeigte eine höhere Effektivität und Sicherheit gegenüber der SABA-Monotherapie. Insgesamt wird der Stellenwert antiinflammatorischer Therapien in den aktualisierten Leitlinien gestärkt.
Biologika bei schwerem Asthma Tezepelumab wurde als mittlerweile 6. Biologikum zur Therapie von Patient*innen mit schwerem Asthma zugelassen. Tezepelumab richtet sich gegen das Zytokin TSLP, welches eine Rolle in der initialen Entzündungsreaktion bei Asthma spielt. Eine Verordnung ist unabhängig von erhöhten Biomarkern als „Add-on“ zur Basistherapie möglich.
Asthma und Virusinfektionen Akute Atemwegserkrankungen, meist viraler Genese, gelten als der Hauptauslöser für Asthma-Exazerbationen. Die zu Beginn der Erkältungssaison 2022/23 vom RKI gemeldeten Fallzahlen an Influenza- sowie RSV-Infektionen waren im Vergleich zu den Pandemiejahren zuvor deutlich erhöht. Im weiteren Verlauf hat sich die Aktivität akuter Atemwegserkrankungen auf einem hohen Niveau stabilisiert. Ein vermehrtes Auftreten von Asthma-Exazerbationen lässt sich daher auch für Deutschland vermuten.
Asthma-Remission als neues Therapieziel Verbesserte Therapiekonzepte führen zu einem neuen Therapieziel. Die Ziele einer Asthma-Therapie sind nicht die Symptombehandlung, sondern die langfristige Prävention von asthmabezogenen Symptomen, der Erhalt der Lungenfunktion und der fehlende Bedarf an systemischen Kortikosteroiden im Sinne einer Remission der Erkrankung.
Ultrasonographic Vasospasm and Outcome of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy and Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndromes
Authors: Pinto Maria João , Schon Miguel , Sousa João André , Filipe João , Costa Andreia , Azevedo Elsa , Sargento-Freitas João , Silva Fernando , Fonseca Ana Catarina , Castro Pedro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) are often complicated by vasospasm and ischemia. Monitoring with transcranial color-coded Doppler (TCCD) could be useful, but its role is not established. We studied the incidence of ultrasonographic vasospasm (uVSP) in PRES/RCVS and its relationship with ischemic lesions and clinical outcome.
Materials and Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of all patients with PRES/RCVS from 2008 to 2020 who underwent TCCD and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TCCD exams were analyzed for uVSP. Diffusion-weighted MRI was analyzed for positive lesions (DWI-positive). Functional outcome was assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days. The associations with outcomes were determined by logistic regression.
Results We included 80 patients (mean age of 46 (standard deviation, 17) years; 66% females; 41 with PRES, 28 with RCVS and 11 with overlap phenotype). uVSP was detected in 25 (31%) patients. DWI-positive lesions were more often detected in uVSP-positive than uVSP-negative patients (36% vs. 15%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.05 [95% CI 1.06 – 15.5], P=0.04). DWI-positive lesions were independently associated with worse functional prognosis (mRS 2–6, 43% vs. 10%; aOR, 10 [95% CI 2.6 – 43], P<0.01). Having additional uVSP further increased the odds of a worse outcome (P interaction=0.03).
Conclusion Ultrasonographic vasospasm was detected in a third of patients with PRES/RCVS and was associated with brain ischemic lesions. TCCD bedside monitoring can help to stratify patients at risk for cerebral ischemia, a strong predictor of functional outcome.
Management of Gastric Varices: GI Perspective
Authors: Vozzo Catherine , Chittajallu Vibhu , Glessing Brooke , Faulx Ashley , Chak Amitabh , Wong Richard C.K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is a paucity of literature on the management of gastric varices and current guidelines rely heavily on expert opinion. Optimal treatment of gastric varices requires a multidisciplinary team including gastrointestinal endoscopist, hepatologist, and interventional radiologists. Initial management relies on endoscopic diagnosis followed by therapeutic modalities based on the experience of the endoscopist and the institution. Definitive management may be endoscopic, endovascular, or a combination of the two disciplines. In this review, we discuss endoscopic management of gastric varices with direct endoscopic glue injection, endoscopic ultrasound-guided management, limitations, and adverse events. We conclude by describing a case of gastric variceal bleeding managed with endoscopy when interventional radiographic techniques were not feasible.
The Use of Muscle Flaps in Surgery for Chronic Osteomyelitis*
Authors: Jena S. K. , Parida S. K. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryMuscle tissue because of its bulk and vascularity forms an ideal material to fill up defects and obliterate dead spaces. 10 muscle flaps were used in chronic osteomyelitis of lower limb after sequestrectomy and saucerization. The results were better as compared to those obtained following the standard procedure of debridement alone.
Islamic commercial arbitration and private international law: mapping controversies and exploring pathways towards greater coordination
Authors: El Maknouzi Mohammed El Hadi , Jadalhaq Iyad Mohammad , Abdulhay Imad Eldin , Alqodsi Enas Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article maps the main fault lines between the concerns for Shari’ah compliance, which are central to Islamic commercial arbitration and the categories of private international law. While issues such as applicable law, public order and the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards are routinely addressed in private international law, questions remain as to the extent to which the latter is able to accommodate additional concerns, which would be relevant for Shari’ah compatibility of an Islamic commercial arbitral award. This study is based on the qualitative methodology that is standard in legal analysis. This methodology consists, first, of desk-based research to compare the formulations found in a variety of textual sources: national and international legal sources, doctrinal opinions and the rulings of different courts. Second, the implications of different formulations are drawn out by considering actual and possible ‘limit cases’ in which the different wordings would translate into incompatible solutions. Third, proposals are made to help address the ensuing incompatibilities. Establishing a common operational ground between international private law and Shari’ah compliance in commercial arbitration would enable the two systems to function in a more coordinated fashion, reducing the legal uncertainties that are otherwise present when they are treated as parallel, mutually incommunicable systems. Through a focus on the specific misalignment between Islamic commercial arbitration and private international law, our article makes targeted suggestions that would materially address some of the concerns posed by the increasing internationalisation of Islamic finance—and by its attendant need for cross-border dispute resolution respectful of the ethical goals of Shari’ah compliance.
High temperature decomposition of polymeric carbon monoxide at pressures up to 120 GPa
Authors: Scelta Demetrio , Ceppatelli Matteo , Bini Roberto , Pakhomova Anna , Garbarino Gaston , Mezouar Mohamed , Santoro Mario 
Published: August 2023

While polymeric carbon monoxide (pCO) has been experimentally found to remain amorphous and undecomposed at room temperature up to 50 GPa, the question of whether crystalline counterparts of it can be obtained naturally raises. From different computational studies, it can be inferred that either the crystallization of amorphous pCO (a-pCO) or its decomposition into a mixture of CxOy suboxides (x &gt; y) or carbon and CO2 may occur. In this study, we report experimental investigations of the high temperature (700–4000 K) transformation of a-pCO in the 47–120 GPa pressure range, conducted by x-ray diffraction in laser heated diamond anvil cells. Our results show the formation of no crystalline phases other than CO2 phase V, thus indicating the decomposition of the pristine a-pCO into CO2 and, likely, a mixture of amorphous CxOy suboxides and amorphous carbon hardly detectable at extreme conditions. These results support the theoretical picture of the pCO decomposition. We also show that the pressure-temperature kinetic border for this decomposition is very steep, thus indicating a strongly pressure-dependent kinetic barrier.
Assessing Biopesticides for Managing Fall Armyworm
(Spodoptera frugiperda)
in Africa
Authors: Bateman Melanie , Day Roger , Rwomushana Ivan , Subramanian Sevgan , Wilson Kenneth , Babendreier Dirk , Luke Belinda , Edgington Steve 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the last 6 years, the fall armyworm (FAW) has spread to the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific, as well as most nations in Africa. This case focuses on sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 300 million people depend on maize, as a staple crop, and the preferred host plant of FAW. Synthetic pesticides against FAW are not always used safely or effectively. Here we assess work on the current state of knowledge on biopesticides for FAW in Africa, document information gaps, including compatibility with other recommended management practices, and list biopesticides that are a priority for research, development and promotion.

The case incorporates two earlier assessments, one from 2018 on the status of biopesticide options against FAW, and one from 2020 that led to recommendations for field trials for eight active ingredients –
Bacillus thuringiensis
subsp.
kurstaki
,
Beauveria bassiana
,
Dysphania ambrosioides
, ethyl palmitate, eugenol, garlic extract,
Metarhizium anisopliae
and
Steinernema
spp. Field trials for some of these pesticides have now been carried out but other trials are still ongoing. The team also recommended bioassays to determine the effectiveness of four active ingredients against FAW – GS-omega/kappa-Hx-tx-Hv1a, canola oil, capsaicin and D-limonene.

Information
© CAB International 2023
Electron impact resonances of uracil in an aqueous environment from anion photoelectron imaging
Authors: Cooper Graham A , Clarke Connor J , Verlet Jan R R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The effect that solvation has on electron attachment to uracil, U, was studied by probing the electronic resonances of the uracil radical anion, U−, in gas-phase water clusters, U−(H2O)
n
, using photoelectron imaging across a range of photon energies. Specifically, the π
3* shape resonance was probed in detail and the spectral signatures following excitation to this resonance are considered. Several new methods for analysis are provided to capture the different actions of the resonance on the photoelectron emission, which in turn provide insight into the location of the π
3* resonance and its subsequent dynamics. The effect of solvation on each action observed through the photoelectron emission is studied for n ⩽ 10. We find that the actions—be they related to statistical emission, prompt autodetachment, or the photoelectron angular distributions—all become less sensitive as the cluster size increases, suggesting that their use for very large clusters may be limited. Additionally, we consider the correlation between electron detachment from the anion, as probed in the experiments, and electron attachment to the neutral. Specifically, they are linked through the reorganisation energy in a linear response picture and we show how the cluster approach developed here allows one to decompose the total reorganisation energy into intramolecular (associated with the anion to neutral geometry change in U) and intermolecular (associated with the change in hydration sphere) contributions. For U in a bulk aqueous environment, we find that the total reorganisation energy, λ ∼ 1.2 eV, shows equal contributions from both intra- and intermolecular changes.
Highly sensitive DS-CSRR based microwave sensor for permittivity measurement of liquids
Authors: Buragohain Akash , Das Gouree Shankar , Beria Yatish , Kalita Partha Protim , Mostako Abu Tahir Talat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, a low-cost double split complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) microwave sensor has been designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate for permittivity characterization of liquids. This modified CSRR structure is proposed to make use of the benefits of the dielectric resonator technique compared to other types of microwave methods. The resonator structure comprises two slits in each of the rings normal to each other while maintaining one slit in each ring along the feed line for maximum excitation of the resonator. The resonator with substrate dimensions of

20

mm

×
30

mm

acts like an inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) circuit and operates at

2.501

GHz

of the industrial scientific and medical band. Eleven different liquid samples (each with

150
μ
l

of volume) covering a wide permittivity range of

1
−
111

have been used to measure the transmission coefficient

S

21

using vector network analyzer. In comparison with many recently reported works, the sensitivity of the sensor is found to be higher with average and normalized sensitivity of

35.07

MHz/unit

permittivity and

1.4
%

respectively. Fit equations are developed for both real and imaginary parts of permittivity, and using the fit equations the permittivity of three unknown samples are determined with less than

3.7
%

error. The sensor adopts a unique orientation of the slits to enhance the E-field intensity for better interaction of the samples with the sensor. A compact form factor, low production cost, future integration possibilities, and high sensitivity are the distinct highlights of the sensor. The sensor promises to be a potential candidate for situations that demands low-cost and highly accurate measurements and may be a good alternative to commercial sensors for dielectric characterization, concentration analysis, and impurity measurement of liquids.
Particle charging during pulsed EUV exposures with afterglow effect
Authors: Chaudhuri M , Heijmans L C J , van de Kerkhof M , Krainov P , Astakhov D , Yakunin A M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nanoparticle charging processes along with background spatial–temporal plasma profile have been investigated using 3D particle-in-cell simulations in a pulsed extreme ultraviolet (EUV) exposure environment. The particle charge polarity (positive or negative) strongly depends on its size, location, and background transient plasma conditions. The particle (100 nm diameter in size and conducting material) charge reaches a steady state in a single pulse (20 µs) within the EUV beams compared to particles outside the beam requiring multiple pulses. The larger the particle size, the lower the number of pulses required to reach a steady state. The charge of a particle decreases with pressure at a faster rate outside the beam compared to inside. These results are crucial for particle contamination (defectivity) control strategies for EUV lithography machines.
Effect of the magnetic field on the electron kinetics under AC/DC electric fields: benchmark calculations and electron cyclotron resonance
Authors: Dias Tiago C , Pintassilgo Carlos D , Guerra Vasco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work presents a numerical study of the electron kinetics under AC/DC electric fields and DC magnetic fields crossed at arbitrary angles. The physical phenomena are studied both in model gases (Reid-ramp and Lucas–Saelee) and in real gases (N2 and Ar). The simulations are carried out with an upgraded version of the Monte Carlo open-source code LoKI-MC. The code is compared against several independent benchmark calculations available in the literature. In addition, new benchmark calculations for electron kinetics solvers are produced in conditions of coexistent AC electric and DC magnetic fields, accounting for the effect of the crossing angle between the fields and discriminating the evolution along the AC cycle. The role of the magnetic field is discussed, distinguishing the configurations with DC and AC electric fields. In DC electric fields, the oscillatory motion caused by the magnetic field decreases the efficiency of the electron acceleration, which manifests on the power absorbed by the electric field and on the electron mean energy. Notably, an exceptional behavior is found in Ar for small regions of

E

/

N

and

B

/

N

, where: for constant

B

/

N

, the mean energy decreases with increasing

E

/

N

; and, for constant

E

/

N

, it increases with increasing

B

/

N

. These phenomena were firstly reported by Ness and Makabe in 2000 and are now confirmed by means of Monte Carlo simulations. In AC electric fields, when the magnetic field value is such that the electron cyclotron frequency is similar to the angular frequency of the electric field, the synchronization of the cyclotron motion with the electric field enhances electron acceleration, through the well-known electron cyclotron resonance. However, for conditions where the mean collision frequency is much higher than the cyclotron frequency, the synchronization tends to breakdown and the magnetic field is detrimental for the electron acceleration, as in the DC electric field case.
Influence of discharge voltage on the length of atmospheric argon plasma jet
Authors: Yang Huiyu , Chen Lei , Hu Guohua , Wang Baohuai , Wang Shiang , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Xingyu , Song Peng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to widely apply the high concentration of active substances in plasma jets in sterilization, material modification, environmental protection, etc It is necessary to continuously increase the length of the jet in the external environment of atmospheric pressure under certain conditions, to increase the contact area between the jet and the action object, and to better utilize the effect of plasma. In this demonstration, a needle-ring electrode argon plasma jet device was utilized. By measuring the discharge voltage during the discharge process and capturing images of the discharge, the effect of discharge voltage on plasma jet length was studied. At an argon volume flow rate of 30 l min−1, an electrode spacing of 80 mm, and a discharge voltage of 20.5 kV, a jet length of 81.96 mm in the surrounding air was produced. The results indicate that as the discharge voltage increases, the morphology of the plasma jet changes proportionately; as the discharge voltage increases, the jet morphology changes from a small, neutral discharge to a jet with a needle-like shape, and then to a violent ‘jump’ at the end of the plasma jet; correspondingly, the plasma jet length increases with the discharge voltage, exhibiting an overall trend of first increasing and then stabilizing, but the rate of increase changes from rapid to flat; the plasma jet length increases in the process of two peaks, and after reaching the second peak, it stabilizes and no longer grows significantly; the magnitude of the excitation voltage is proportional to the distance between the two electrodes under the initial test conditions, and the plasma excitation voltage grows with increasing distance between the electrodes while the argon gas flow rate remains constant; the excitation voltage produced by the plasma jet exceeds the minimum voltage necessary to sustain the plasma discharge.
Structural and magnetic properties of YIG thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition and RF magnetron sputtering technique
Authors: Satapathy S , Siwach P K , Singh H K , Pant R P , Maurya K K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) has been extensively explored for its potential avenues in spintronic applications. A majority of these studies employ thin films grown by PLD at high substrate temperature, which generally leads to an interfacial dead layer with cations interdiffusion hindering their technological implications. In this communication, we report the growth of YIG thin films at room temperature by PLD and RF sputtering techniques. Detailed structural investigation confirms the thin films’ single-phase growth and epitaxial nature. We have a further detailed investigation of magnetic properties by dc magnetization, magneto-optical Kerr effect and FMR techniques. Although our thin films exhibit a comparatively lower magnetic performance in terms of saturation magnetization and damping constant, we have obtained a significantly lower interfacial dead layer thickness of ∼1 nm, which is quite promising for spin transport applications. The present study, therefore, calls for future studies for simultaneous optimization of magnetic performance and interfacial dead layer with room temperature grown YIG thin films by both PLD and RF sputtering methods.
From decoupled integrable models to coupled ones via a deformation algorithm*
Authors: Du 杜 Wen-Ding 文鼎 , Kong 孔 De-Xing 德兴 , Lou 楼 S Y 森岳 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy using a reconstruction procedure of conservation laws of different models, the deformation algorithm proposed by Lou, Hao and Jia has been used to a new application such that a decoupled system becomes a coupled one. Using the new application to some decoupled systems such as the decoupled dispersionless Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) systems related to dispersionless waves, the decoupled KdV systems related to dispersion waves, the decoupled KdV and Burgers systems related to the linear dispersion and diffusion effects, and the decoupled KdV and Harry–Dym (HD) systems related to the linear and nonlinear dispersion effects, we have obtained various new types of higher dimensional integrable coupled systems. The new models can be used to describe the interactions among different nonlinear waves and/or different effects including the dispersionless waves (dispersionless KdV waves), the linear dispersion waves (KdV waves), the nonlinear dispersion waves (HD waves) and the diffusion effect. The method can be applied to couple all different separated integrable models.
The Impact of ENSO on the Precipitation in Iraq Regions
Authors: Mutar Aqeel Gh. , Abdulkareem Asraa K. , Hussain Hazim H. , Hassoon Ahmed F. , Rajab Jasim M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Precipitation is considered one of the important weather variables in determining the climate of any region in the world, and perhaps the precipitation in Iraq is witnessing an incomprehensible seasonal fluctuation. The work tries to identify the reasons for this fluctuation, from one season to another. The monthly average precipitation data in Iraq was obtained by Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPCP. Also, data for sea surface temperature anomalies (SST) for the four El Nino regions, as well as relative humidity and zonal wind speed were obtained from the National Centres for Environmental Prediction NCEP and National Centre for Atmospheric Research NCAR. The study period extended from 1980 to 2022, where the correlation of monthly precipitation average in Iraq with El Nino and La Niña events was tested, and it was found that there was a positive proportional effect of the El Nino event on the increase in rainfall rates in Iraq, the correlation coefficient R about 0.8 in North and Northern-East of Iraq. To explain this, the correlation between El Niño events, relative humidity, and zonal wind speed was tested. It was found that there is a proportional effect of El Nino on the relative humidity and an inverse effect on the zonal wind speed. Central and southern Iraq is less affected by El Niño and La Niña events, as the correlation coefficient of monthly precipitation average with El Niño phenomenon is approximately 0.5 to 0.6.