bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measures of Food Inadequacy and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Black Individuals in the US From the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Zierath Rani , Claggett Brian , Hall Michael E. , Correa Adolfo , Barber Sharrelle , Gao Yan , Talegawkar Sameera , Ezekwe Edith I. , Tucker Katherine , Diez-Roux Ana V. , Sims Mario , Shah Amil M. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceFood insecurity disproportionately affects Black individuals in the US. Its association with coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of economic food insecurity and proximity with unhealthy food options with risk of incident CHD, HF, and stroke and the role of diet quality and stress.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was a time-to-event analysis of 3024 Black adult participants in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) without prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) at visit 1 (2000-2004). Data analysis was conducted from September 1, 2020, to November 30, 2021.ExposuresEconomic food insecurity, defined as receiving food stamps or self-reported not enough money for groceries, and high frequency of unfavorable food stores (&amp;gt;2.5 unfavorable food stores [fast food restaurants, convenience stores] within 1 mile).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were incident CVD including incident CHD, stroke, and HF with preserved ejection fraction and with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). During a median follow-up of 13.8 (IQR, 12.8-14.6) years, the associations of measures of food inadequacy with incident CVD (CHD, stroke, and HF) were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsAmong the 3024 study participants, the mean (SD) age was 54 (12) years, 1987 (66%) were women, 630 (21%) were economically food insecure, and 50% (by definition) had more than 2.5 unfavorable food stores within 1 mile. In analyses adjusted for cardiovascular risk and socioeconomic factors, economic food insecurity was associated with higher risk of incident CHD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06-2.91) and incident HFrEF (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.16-3.70), but not stroke. These associations persisted after further adjustment for diet quality and perceived stress. In addition, economic food insecurity was associated with higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and renin concentrations. High frequency of unfavorable food stores was not associated with CHD, HF, or stroke.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that economic food insecurity, but not proximity to unhealthy food options, was associated with risk of incident CHD and HFrEF independent of socioeconomic factors, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, diet quality, perceived stress, and other health behaviors. Economic food insecurity was also associated with markers of inflammation and neurohormonal activation. Economic food insecurity may be a promising potential target for the prevention of CVD.
Disparities in Wait Times for Care Among US Veterans by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Gurewich Deborah , Beilstein-Wedel Erin , Shwartz Michael , Davila Heather , Rosen Amy K. 
Published: January 2023

ImportancePrior studies indicate that Black and Hispanic vs White veterans wait longer for care. However, these studies do not capture the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused care access disruptions, nor implementation of the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks Act (MISSION), which is intended to improve care access by increasing veterans’ options to use community clinicians.ObjectiveTo determine whether wait times increased differentially for Black and Hispanic compared with White veterans from the pre–COVID-19 to COVID-19 periods given concurrent MISSION implementation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the VA’s Corporate Data Warehouse for fiscal years 2019 to 2021 (October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2021). Participants included Black, Hispanic, and White veterans with a new consultation for outpatient cardiology and/or orthopedic services during the study period. Multivariable mixed-effects models were used to estimate individual-level adjusted wait times and a likelihood ratio test of the significance of wait time disparity change over time.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall mean wait times and facility-level adjusted relative mean wait time ratios.ResultsThe study included 1 162 148 veterans (mean [SD] age, 63.4 [14.4] years; 80.8% men). Significant wait time disparities were evident for orthopedic services (eg, Black veterans had wait times 2.09 [95% CI, 1.57-2.61] days longer than those for White veterans) in the pre–COVID-19 period, but not for cardiology services. Mean wait times increased from the pre–COVID-19 to COVID-19 periods for both services for all 3 racial and ethnic groups (eg, Hispanic wait times for cardiology services increased 5.09 [95% CI, 3.62-6.55] days). Wait time disparities for Black veterans (4.10 [95% CI, 2.44-5.19] days) and Hispanic veterans (4.40 [95% CI, 2.76-6.05] days) vs White veterans (3.75 [95% CI, 2.30-5.19] days) increased significantly from the pre–COVID-19 to COVID-19 periods (P &amp;lt; .001). During the COVID-19 period, significant disparities were evident for orthopedic services (eg, mean wait times for Hispanic vs White veterans were 1.98 [95% CI, 1.32-2.64] days longer) but not for cardiology services. Although there was variation in wait time ratios across the 140 facilities, only 6 facility wait time ratios were significant during the pre–COVID-19 period and 26 during the COVID-19 period.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that wait time disparities increased from the pre–COVID-19 to COVID-19 periods, especially for orthopedic services for both Black and Hispanic veterans, despite MISSION’s goal to improve access. Facility-level analyses identified potential sites that could be targeted to reduce disparities.
Economy, Religion and
Authors: McCleary Rachel M. 
Published: January 2023

The modern study of religion and economics begins with Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). Smith applied his economic analysis to several aspects of religion that researchers have since developed with quantitative research. Smith's fundamental contribution to the study of religion was that religious beliefs and activities are rational choices. As in commercial activity, people respond to religious costs and benefits in a predictable, observable manner. People choose a religion and the degree to which they participate and believe (if at all).
Pollution Zones, Linear and Planar
Authors: Hasegawa Koichi 
Published: January 2023

The concept of linear and planar pollution zones refers to the geographic figurations of the polluted areas caused by, especially, high‐speed transportation pollution. Where bullet trains and high‐speed expressways create linear pollution zones, airplanes produce planar pollution zones along all their takeoff and landing routes. In the former case, the number of victims suffering severe noise pollution may be relatively limited – at most, several thousands of residents. In the latter case, though, people affected may number more than 10,000 residents spread over several cities and towns.
In general, the planar pollution zone imposes similar sufferings on the residents of whole neighborhoods. The linear pollution zone, however, does not always include whole neighborhoods, but can run through many of them. These different social impacts mean that, in the case of the planar pollution zone, organizing and mobilizing based on the neighborhood association and existing local community is relatively easy and quick: similarity of suffering makes for common interests and strong solidarity among the residents. But in the case of linear pollution zones, organizing and mobilizing in the same way is more difficult.
Hospitalized Infections in Patients With Rheumatic Disease Hospitalizations in Alaska, 2015‐2018
Authors: Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Holck Peter 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveRheumatic diseases are associated with increased rates of hospitalized infection, but few studies have included Indigenous North American populations. Our objective was to evaluate the association of rheumatic disease diagnosis during a hospitalization with odds of hospitalized infections in Alaska and assess differences by race.MethodsWe used hospital discharge data from the Alaska Health Facilities Data Reporting Program from 2015 to 2018. We identified people with a rheumatic disease diagnosis based on any hospital discharge diagnosis of a set of rheumatic diseases and compared them to people hospitalized but without a rheumatic disease diagnosis. We determined odds of hospitalized infection by rheumatic disease diagnosis status and type, race, and type of infection. Using multivariable modeling, we determined factors associated with hospitalized infection.ResultsHaving a rheumatic disease diagnosis other than osteoarthritis was associated with 1.90 higher odds of hospitalized infection overall, whereas people of Alaska Native/American Indian (AN/AI) race with rheumatic disease had 2.44 higher odds. The odds varied by rheumatic disease and were increased in all rheumatic diseases except osteoarthritis (0.73). The most common type of hospitalized infection was sepsis, but opportunistic infections and pneumonia were most associated with a rheumatic disease diagnosis. On multivariable analysis, having a rheumatic disease diagnosis other than osteoarthritis, being of older age, and being of AN/AI race were associated with increased odds of hospitalized infection, with an interaction between race and rheumatic disease status.ConclusionThis study confirmed the association of hospitalized infections with rheumatic disease diagnosis (other than osteoarthritis) during hospitalization and identified disparities by race.
Thermodynamic Processes of Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices: Mechanisms, Simulation, and Manipulation
Authors: Ma Tianshu , An Yidan , Yang Zhenhai , Ai Zhenhai , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Changlei , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPerovskite‐based single‐junction and tandem solar cells have recently attracted considerable attention due to their remarkable advantages in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fabrication cost; however, their commercialization remains challenging. One crucial limiting factor is the incompetent thermal management, which is inclined to degrade the PCE and stability of the device. Here, a rigorous opto–electro–thermal (OET) simulation is performed to disclose the internal energy conversion and heat mechanisms within devices. Taking a low‐bandgap PSC as an example, the microscopic energy conversion processes concerning the contributions from thermalization, Joule, Peltier, and bulk/interface recombination heats are quantitatively identified. Then various thermal manipulation strategies are proposed, including external (cooling effect) and internal (transport layer materials, photoluminescence colorants, and tandem strategy) methods with the purposes of reducing the heat generation and device temperature. Through the joint OET optimization, the predicted temperature of the considered single‐junction (tandem) PSC is reduced to 44.3 °C (33.5 °C) with the possible PCE up to 22.35% (29.08%). Based on the simulation, a tandem PSC (under two‐terminal configuration) is fabricated and a PCE of 25.03% is realized. This study offers an effective approach for energy analysis and manipulation to realize higher‐performance PSCs with lower operation temperatures.
Thermal Shrinkage Engineering Enables Electrocatalysts for Stable Hydrogen Evolution at 2000 mA cm−2
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Li Zijian , Hou Liqiang , Liu Xien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConstructing highly‐active and robust electrodes is vital for the industrialized application of water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen. Nevertheless, the strong disturbance of gas bubbles, especially under ampere‐level current densities, would bring about the exfoliation of catalytically active materials and performance deterioration. Herein, a Ru‐doped Ni(OH)2ultrathin nanosheet array vertically grown on nickel foam with a mechanically‐robust interface is first constructed by a facile corrosive engineering strategy. Subsequently, thermal shrinkage engineering inspired by heat shrinkable film is applied to avoid the region away from the interface in ultrathin nanosheets from being damaged by the impact of intensive gas evolution. As a result, the final self‐supported electrode has plentiful features including robust binding at the electrocatalyst/support interface and amorphous/crystalline heterophase. These features promote the achievement of superior catalytic activity of a small overpotential of 400 mV and activity retention for over 100 h at 2000 mA cm−2current density.
Joint‐Inspired Liquid and Thermal Conductive Interface for Designing Thermal Interface Materials with High Solid Filling yet Excellent Thixotropy
Authors: Xie Zilong , Dou Zhengli , Wu Die , Zeng Xiangtong , Feng Yuan , Tian Yunfei , Fu Qiang , Wu Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs), massive inorganic addition for high isotropic thermal conductivities conflicts with suitable rheological viscosity for low contact thermal resistance. Traditional strategies rarely resolve such a contradiction, and it remains an academic and industrial challenge. Herein, inspired by the structure and function of the bone joint, a best‐of‐both‐worlds approach is reported that endows a standard polydimethylsiloxane/alumina (PDMS/Al2O3) TIM with simultaneously enhanced rheological mobility and thermal conductivity. It is conducted by employing morphology‐controllable gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) to the surface of Al2O3by a scalable mechanochemical process. At the typical polymer‐LM‐Al2O3interface, LM droplets with low cohesive energy can release the freedom for macromolecular chain relaxation and reduce the viscosity, successfully allowing the high‐loading TIMs (79 vol.%) to keep the thixotropic state and effectively reducing its contact thermal resistance with a copper substrate by 65%. At the same time, adjacent LMs merge to thermally bridge separate Al2O3particles, which facilitates the interfacial thermal conduction and enhances the thermal conductivity from 5.9 to 6.7 W m−1 K−1. Along with additional electrical insulation, this filler modification strategy is believed to inspire others to develop high‐performance polymer‐based TIMs for future advanced electronics.
A Review on Fabrication and Application of Tunable Hybrid Micro–Nano Array Surfaces
Authors: Li Chao , Yang Junjun , He Wenjun , Xiong Mengyuan , Niu Xinsheng , Li Xiaoyan , Yu Deng‐Guang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe wettability and adhesion of biological surfaces often depend on their periodically arranged hybrid micro–nano array structures. Various fabrication processes are designed to mimic biomimetic micro–nano array surfaces. This review summarizes the types of micro–nano array structures and analyzes fabrication methods based on top‐down and bottom‐up construction, including templating, etching, self‐assembly, and electrospinning/electrospraying. This review focuses on the shape reconfiguration of surface micro–nano array structures under physical stimuli, as well as the changes in material surface properties during the reconfiguration process. In addition, the applications of biomimetic micro–nano array composite surfaces in the fields of droplet transport, adhesion properties, sensors, and soft robotics are also discussed, and the current challenges and prospects in this field are identified.
Lignin‐Derived Carbon Nanofibers Loaded with TiO2 Enables Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhai Gongxun , Zhou Jialiang , Xie Min , Jia Chao , Hu Zexu , Xiang Hengxue , Zhu Meifang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe high value‐added application of lignin is of great significance for the effective utilization of biomass and environmental protection. In this work, TiO2‐loaded lignin‐derived carbon nanofibers (TiO2@LCNFs) are developed by the process of electrospinning, per‐oxidation, and carbonization. The effects of TiO2 content, carbonization temperature, initial RhB concentration, and solution pH value on the photocatalytic efficiency are systematically studied. Up to 86% photocatalytic efficiency and excellent cycling stability of the TiO2@LCNFs to rhodamine B under optimized conditions are achieved. The superior catalytic property of the TiO2@LCNFs can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the uniform distribution of TiO2 on the fiber surface and the good electrical conductivity of LCNFs. It is expected that this work will provide some guidance for the preparation of efficient photocatalytic materials, especially those based on biomass‐derived fiber materials.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/Midline‐1 Axis Promotes T Lymphocyte Motility in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Rao Xiaoquan , Razavi Michael , Mihai Georgeta , Wei Yingying , Braunstein Zachary , Frieman Matthew B. , Sun Xiao Jian , Gong Quan , Chen Jun , Zhao Gang , Liu Zheng , Quon Michael J. , Dong Lingli , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Zhong Jixin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractT cells play a crucial role in atherosclerosis, with its infiltration preceding the formation of atheroma. However, how T‐cell infiltration is regulated in atherosclerosis remains largely unknown. Here, this work demonstrates that dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) is a novel regulator of T‐cell motility in atherosclerosis. Single‐cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing and flow cytometry show that CD4+ T cells in atherosclerotic patients display a marked increase of DPP4. Lack of DPP4 in hematopoietic cells or T cells reduces T‐cell infiltration and atherosclerotic plaque volume in atherosclerosis mouse models. Mechanistically, DPP4 deficiency reduces T‐cell motility by suppressing the expression of microtubule associated protein midline‐1 (Mid1) in T cells. Deletion of either DPP4 or Mid1 inhibits chemokine‐induced shape change and motility, while restitution of Mid1 in Dpp4−/− T cell largely restores its migratory ability. Thus, DPP4/Mid1, as a novel regulator of T‐cell motility, may be a potential inflammatory target in atherosclerosis.
Exosome Release Delays Senescence by Disposing of Obsolete Biomolecules
Authors: Zou Wenchong , Lai Mingqiang , Jiang Yuanjun , Mao Linlin , Zhou Wu , Zhang Sheng , Lai Pinglin , Guo Bin , Wei Tiantian , Nie Chengtao , Zheng Lei , Zhang Jiahuan , Gao Xuefei , Zhao Xiaoyang , Xia Laixin , Zou Zhipeng , Liu Anling , Liu Shiming , Cui Zhong‐Kai , Bai Xiaochun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccumulation of obsolete biomolecules can accelerate cell senescence and organism aging. The two efficient intracellular systems, namely the ubiquitin‐proteasome system and the autophagy‐lysosome system, play important roles in dealing with cellular wastes. However, how multicellular organisms orchestrate the processing of obsolete molecules and delay aging remains unclear. Herein, it is shown that prevention of exosome release by GW4869 or Rab27a−/− accelerated senescence in various cells and mice, while stimulating exosome release by nutrient restriction delays aging. Interestingly, exosomes isolate from serum‐deprived cells or diet‐restricted human plasma, enriched with garbage biomolecules, including misfolded proteins, oxidized lipids, and proteins. These cellular wastes can be englobed by macrophages, eventually, for disintegration in vivo. Inhibition of nutrient‐sensing mTORC1 signaling increases exosome release and delays senescence, while constitutive activation of mTORC1 reduces exosome secretion and exacerbates senescence in vitro and in mice. Notably, inhibition of exosome release attenuates nutrient restriction‐ or rapamycin‐delayed senescence, supporting a key role for exosome secretion in this process. This study reveals a potential mechanism by which stimulated exosome release delays aging in multicellular organisms, by orchestrating the harmful biomolecules disposal via exosomes and macrophages.
Codelivery of BCL2 and MCL1 Inhibitors Enabled by Phenylboronic Acid‐Functionalized Polypeptide Nanovehicles for Synergetic and Potent Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Xie Jiguo , Zhao Xiaofei , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yueyue , Cheng Ru , Zhong Zhiyuan , Deng Chao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most refractory hematologic malignancy characterized by acute onset, rapid progression, and high recurrence rate. Here, codelivery of BCL2 (ABT199) and MCL1 (TW37) inhibitors using phenylboronic acid‐functionalized polypeptide nanovehicles to achieve synergetic and potent treatment of AML is adopted. Leveraging the dynamic boronic ester bonds, BN coordination, and π–π stacking, the nanovehicles reveal remarkably efficient and robust drug coencapsulation. ABT199 can induce a series of pro‐apoptotic reactions by promoting the dissociation of the pro‐apoptotic protein Bim from BCL2, while the released Bim is often captured by MCL1 protein overexpressed in AML. TW37 has a strong inhibitory ability to MCL1, thereby can restrain the depletion of Bim protein. Dual inhibitor‐loaded nanoparticles (NPAT) reveal excellent stability, acid/enzyme/H2O2‐triggered drug release, and significant cytotoxicity toward MOLM‐13‐Luc and MV‐411 AML cells with low half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1.15 and 7.45 ng mL−1, respectively. In mice bearing MOLM‐13‐Luc or MV‐411 AML cancer, NPAT reveal significant inhibition of tumor cell infiltration in bone marrow and main organs, potent suppression of tumor growth, and remarkably elevated mouse survival. With facile construction, varying drug combination, superior safety, synergetic efficacy, the phenylboronic acid‐functionalized smart nanodrugs hold remarkable potential for AML treatment.
A Blood‐Responsive AIE Bioprobe for the Ultrasensitive Detection and Assessment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Tao Maliang , Mao Jian , Bao Yun , Liu Fan , Mai Yiying , Guan Shujuan , Luo Shihua , Huang Yifang , Li Zixiong , Zhong Yuan , Wei Binbin , Pan Jun , Wang Qian , Zheng Lei , Situ Bo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe subtype of stroke caused by the rupturing of blood vessels in the brain. The ability to accurately assess the degree of bleeding in an SAH model is crucial for understanding the brain‐damage mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. However, current methods are unable to monitor microbleeding owing to their limited sensitivities. Herein, a new bleeding assessment system using a bioprobe TTVP with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics is demonstrated. TTVP is a water‐soluble, small‐molecule probe that specifically interacts with blood. Taking advantage of its AIE characteristics, cell membranes affinity, and albumin‐targeting ability, TTVP fluoresces in bleeding areas and detects the presence of blood with a high signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio. The degree of SAH bleeding in an endovascular perforation model is clearly evaluated based on the intensity of the fluorescence observed in the brain, which enables the ultrasensitive detection of mirco‐bleeding in the SAH model in a manner that outperforms the current imaging strategies. This method serves as a promising tool for the sensitive analysis of the degree of bleeding in SAHs and other hemorrhagic diseases.