bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep phenotyping approach to assess the association of handedness, early life factors and mental health
Authors: Pfeifer Lena Sophie , Schmitz Judith , Schwalvenberg Maike , Güntürkün Onur , Ocklenburg Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of handedness and other form of functional asymmetries is not yet understood in its critical determinants. Early life factors (e.g., birth weight, birth order) have been discussed to contribute to individual manifestations of functional asymmetries. However, large-scale data such as the UK Biobank suggest that the variance in handedness that is explained by early life factors is minimal. Additionally, atypical handedness has been linked to clinical outcomes such as neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Against the background of this triad, the current study investigated associations between different forms of functional asymmetries and (a) early life factors as well as (b) clinical outcomes. Functional asymmetries were determined by means of a deep phenotyping approach which notably extends previous work. In our final sample of N = 598 healthy participants, the different variables were tested for associations by means of linear regression models and group comparisons (i.e., ANOVAs and Chi-squared tests). Confirming previous findings from larger cohorts with shallow phenotyping, we found that birth factors do not explain a substantial amount of variance in functional asymmetries. Likewise, functional asymmetries did not seem to have comprehensive predictive power concerning clinical outcomes in our healthy participants. Future studies may further investigate postulated relations in healthy and clinical samples while acknowledging deep phenotyping of laterality.
Ecological and subject-level drivers of interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus exposure in humans and livestock in Northern Kenya
Authors: Muturi Mathew , Mwatondo Athman , Nijhof Ard M. , Akoko James , Nyamota Richard , Makori Anita , Nyamai Mutono , Nthiwa Daniel , Wambua Lilian , Roesel Kristina , Thumbi S. M. , Bett Bernard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNearly a century after the first reports of Rift Valley fever (RVF) were documented in Kenya, questions on the transmission dynamics of the disease remain. Specifically, data on viral maintenance in the quiescent years between epidemics is limited. We implemented a cross-sectional study in northern Kenya to determine the seroprevalence, risk factors, and ecological predictors of RVF in humans and livestock during an interepidemic period. Six hundred seventy-six human and 1,864 livestock samples were screened for anti-RVF Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Out of the 1,864 livestock samples tested for IgG, a subset of 1,103 samples was randomly selected for additional testing to detect the presence of anti-RVFV Immunoglobulin M (IgM). The anti-RVF virus (RVFV) IgG seropositivity in livestock and humans was 21.7% and 28.4%, respectively. RVFV IgM was detected in 0.4% of the livestock samples. Participation in the slaughter of livestock and age were positively associated with RVFV exposure in humans, while age was a significant factor in livestock. We detected significant interaction between rainfall and elevation's influence on livestock seropositivity, while in humans, elevation was negatively associated with RVF virus exposure. The linear increase of human and livestock exposure with age suggests an endemic transmission cycle, further corroborated by the detection of IgM antibodies in livestock.
Paired ATAC- and RNA-seq offer insight into the impact of HIV on alveolar macrophages: a pilot study
Authors: Staitieh Bashar S. , Hu Xin , Yeligar Samantha M. , Auld Sara C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeople with HIV remain at greater risk for both infectious and non-infectious pulmonary diseases even after antiretroviral therapy initiation and CD4 cell count recovery. These clinical risks reflect persistent HIV-mediated defects in innate and adaptive immunity, including in the alveolar macrophage, a key innate immune effector in the lungs. In this proof-of-concept pilot study, we leveraged paired RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses of human alveolar macrophages obtained with research bronchoscopy from people with and without HIV to highlight the potential for recent methodologic advances to generate novel hypotheses about biological pathways that may contribute to impaired pulmonary immune function in people with HIV. In addition to 35 genes that were differentially expressed in macrophages from people with HIV, gene set enrichment analysis identified six gene sets that were differentially regulated. ATAC-seq analysis revealed 115 genes that were differentially accessible for people with HIV. Data-driven integration of the findings from these complementary, high-throughput techniques using xMWAS identified distinct clusters involving lipoprotein lipase and inflammatory pathways. By bringing together transcriptional and epigenetic data, this analytic approach points to several mechanisms, including previously unreported pathways, that warrant further exploration as potential mediators of the increased risk of pulmonary disease in people with HIV.
Association between patterns of nutrient intake and circulating vitamin D with sleep status among Iranian adults
Authors: Rouhani Parisa , Lotfi Keyhan , Anjom-Shoae Javad , Hajhashemi Zahra , Mokhtari Elahe , Heidari Zahra , Saneei Parvane 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNutrient pattern analysis is an easy way to compare nutrient intakes across different nations due to the universality of nutrients nature. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary nutrient patterns (NPs) and circulating 25(OH)D concentrations with sleep duration and sleep quality among Iranian adults. We used a multistage cluster random sampling method to enroll 535 adults in this cross-sectional investigation. A validated food frequency questionnaire was applied to evaluate typical dietary intakes. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine levels of circulating 25(OH)D. Sleep characteristics were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants had a mean age of 42.57 years and 51.2% of them had insufficient or deficient levels of serum vitamin D. Three NPs were identified: "high animal protein", "high vegetable" and "high carbohydrate". After adjustments for potential confounders, no significant associations were observed between "high animal protein" pattern and short sleeping or sleep quality. Greater adherence to "high vegetable" NP was associated with lower odds of short sleeping (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.10, 0.54) and poor sleep quality (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.20, 1.05). Stratified analysis revealed that these associations were stronger in normal-weight participants. Greater adherence to "high carbohydrate" NP, on the other hand, was connected to higher odds of short sleeping (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.20, 6.72). Low adherence to "high vegetable" pattern and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency were jointly associated with increased odds of short sleeping (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.42, 6.64). High adherence to pattern comprising mainly of vegetable nutrients was associated with a reduced likelihood of being short sleepers and having poor sleep quality in Iranian adults, especially among those with a normal weight. Lower adherence to vegetable NP and insufficient/deficient vitamin D levels were synergistically associated with greater likelihood of being short sleepers. Greater adherence to carbohydrate NP was associated with an increased likelihood of short sleeping.
Efficacy of cell-free DNA as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer patients
Authors: Khurram Iqra , Khan Muhammad Umer , Ibrahim Saooda , Saleem Ayman , Khan Zaman , Mubeen Muhammad , Khawar Arooj , Ali Qurban 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is the most prevalent and leading cause of mortality worldwide among women. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis is an alternative quantitative approach to conventional methods for cancer diagnosis. The current research project aimed to determine the efficacy of cfDNA as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer patients in Pakistan. Eighty-four female breast cancer patients were selected as cases, and 152 healthy females as controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify tumor biomarkers along with clinical profiling. cfDNA was extracted from serum using the phenol–chloroform method. The cfDNA level in the serum was estimated using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Nanodrop. SPPS version 25.0 was used to perform statistical analyses. The results showed that the cancer biomarkers were significantly associated with breast cancer. The changes in hematological parameters were insignificant, whereas the biochemical parameter variations between the cases and controls were statistically significant. A significant association of cfDNA level with breast cancer was observed. Further cfDNA levels and cancer biomarkers were not statistically significant. A significant correlation was observed between cfDNA and biochemical parameters, except for creatinine, whereas hematological parameters showed no significant correlation.ROC analysis declared cfDNA as an authentic diagnostic marker for breast cancer. It was concluded that the level of cfDNA is significantly increased in breast cancer patients and can be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker.
Coherent multipolar amplification of chiroptical scattering and absorption from a magnetoelectric nanoparticle
Authors: Wu Hsin-Yu , Vollmer Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground-free detection of inherently weak chiroptical signals remains one of the great challenges in research communities and industries. We demonstrate coherent multipolar amplification of chiroptical responses via a magnetoelectric nanoparticle capped with an optically active monolayer encapsulated in a lossless background medium. Such an achiral nanoparticle can simultaneously support both electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances. We show how the combined excitation of orthogonal multipolar modes of the same order boosts the magnetoelectric coupling induced by the adsorbed chiral molecules, thus enabling coherently enhanced chiroptical responses from the ligand-capped magnetoelectric nanoparticle and allowing for absolute chirality measurements, in comparison with non-magnetoelectric nanoparticles. Furthermore, we develop rigorous expressions to separate relative contributions of chiral and nonchiral portions of circular differential absorption cross section, and analyzed the chirality-dependent far-field radiation patterns at different overlapped multipolar modes, providing a theoretical framework to understand the underlying enhancement mechanism of the magnetoelectric-assisted sensing of molecular chirality.
Mediation of the association between disadvantaged neighborhoods and cortical microstructure by body mass index
Authors: Kilpatrick Lisa A. , Zhang Keying , Dong Tien S. , Gee Gilbert C. , Beltran-Sanchez Hiram , Wang May , Labus Jennifer S. , Naliboff Bruce D. , Mayer Emeran A. , Gupta Arpana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with worse health outcomes, including brain health, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and cortical microstructure, assessed as the T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio (T1w/T2w) on magnetic resonance imaging, and the potential mediating roles of body mass index (BMI) and stress, as well as the relationship between trans-fatty acid intake and cortical microstructure.

Methods
Participants comprised 92 adults (27 men; 65 women) who underwent neuroimaging and provided residential address information. Neighborhood disadvantage was assessed as the 2020 California State area deprivation index (ADI). The T1w/T2w ratio was calculated at four cortical ribbon levels (deep, lower-middle, upper-middle, and superficial). Perceived stress and BMI were assessed as potential mediating factors. Dietary data was collected in 81 participants.

Results
Here, we show that worse ADI is positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.27, p = .01) and perceived stress (r = 0.22, p = .04); decreased T1w/T2w ratio in middle/deep cortex in supramarginal, temporal, and primary motor regions (p < .001); and increased T1w/T2w ratio in superficial cortex in medial prefrontal and cingulate regions (p < .001). Increased BMI partially mediates the relationship between worse ADI and observed T1w/T2w ratio increases (p = .02). Further, trans-fatty acid intake (high in fried fast foods and obesogenic) is correlated with these T1w/T2w ratio increases (p = .03).

Conclusions
Obesogenic aspects of neighborhood disadvantage, including poor dietary quality, may disrupt information processing flexibility in regions involved in reward, emotion regulation, and cognition. These data further suggest ramifications of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood on brain health.
SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in children attending daycare versus adults in Germany between October 2020 and June 2021
Authors: Kubisch Ulrike , Sandoni Anna , Wurm Juliane , Schienkiewitz Anja , Schlaud Martin , Kuttig Tim , Finkel Bianca , Jordan Susanne , Loss Julika 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background:
Data on seroconversion rates after SARS-CoV-2 infection in young children (<6 years) is scarce. The present study compares seroconversion rates between young children and adults and identifies associated factors.

Methods:
The COALA study (“Corona-outbreak-related examinations in daycare centers”) investigated transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in daycare centers and associated households (10/2020-06/2021). 114 individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 through PCR either prior to the study period by health authorities or in PCR testing during the study period. Two capillary blood samples were obtained within five weeks consecutively and tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG-antibodies (second sampling depending on positive PCR). Results from 91 participants (38 young children 1–6 years, 53 adults) were included in the analyses.

Results:
Seroconversion rate in young children is significantly higher than in adults (97.4% versus 66%). High viral load and longer time interval between the probable date of infection and antibody testing are associated with seroconversion.

Conclusions:
Our findings depict substantial development of specific antibodies in young children after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This may provide temporary protection from re-infection for young children or severe disease for this age group.
A Measure of Swallow Effort Using the Borg Category Ratio 10 Perceived Exertion Scale
Authors: Cortez-Aoyagi Mari , Gufstason Erin , Murphy Amanda , van Mersbergen Miriam 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
With the emphasis on patient-centered care, tools to adequately measure the experience of swallowing are an important part of clinical care. Swallowing effort is one such experience. However, few measurement tools capture swallowing effort in the moment of swallowing to quantify effort. The Borg Category Ratio 10 Perceived Exertion Scale (Borg CR 10), designed to track effort in a variety of tasks from lifting, breathing, and running, appears to be a likely candidate to measure swallowing effort in the moment of swallowing.

Method:
In a quasi-random design, 32 healthy individuals, ages 40–80 years (average age: 63 years), consumed seven bolus consistencies in both small and large quantities, three times. Following each individual swallow, they rated the amount of effort it took to swallow each bolus using an adapted Borg CR 10 for swallowing effort.

Results:
Results showed significantly greater reports of swallowing effort on the Borg CR 10 for more adhesive consistencies, larger quantities, and increased number of swallows.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that the Borg CR 10 is a reasonable measurement tool to capture patient-perceived effort in swallowing.
Meropenem extraction by ex vivo extracorporeal life support circuits
Authors: Honeycutt Christopher Cole , McDaniel Charles Griffin , McKnite Autumn , Hunt J. Porter , Whelan Aviva , Green Danielle J. , Watt Kevin M. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Meropenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem-type antibiotic commonly used to treat critically ill patients infected with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. As many of these patients require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and/or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), it is important to understand how these extracorporeal life support circuits impact meropenem pharmacokinetics. Based on the physicochemical properties of meropenem, it is expected that ECMO circuits will minimally extract meropenem, while CRRT circuits will rapidly clear meropenem. The present study seeks to determine the extraction of meropenem from ex vivo ECMO and CRRT circuits and elucidate the contribution of different ECMO circuit components to extraction. Methods: Standard doses of meropenem were administered to three different configurations (n = 3 per configuration) of blood-primed ex vivo ECMO circuits and serial sampling was conducted over 24 h. Similarly, standard doses of meropenem were administered to CRRT circuits (n = 4) and serial sampling was conducted over 4 h. Meropenem was administered to separate tubes primed with circuit blood to serve as controls to account for drug degradation. Meropenem concentrations were quantified, and percent recovery was calculated for each sample. Results: Meropenem was cleared at a similar rate in ECMO circuits of different configurations (n = 3) and controls (n = 6), with mean (standard deviation) recovery at 24 h of 15.6% (12.9) in Complete circuits, 37.9% (8.3) in Oxygenator circuits, 47.1% (8.2) in Pump circuits, and 20.6% (20.6) in controls. In CRRT circuits (n = 4) meropenem was cleared rapidly compared with controls (n = 6) with a mean recovery at 2 h of 2.36% (1.44) in circuits and 93.0% (7.1) in controls. Conclusion: Meropenem is rapidly cleared by hemodiafiltration during CRRT. There is minimal adsorption of meropenem to ECMO circuit components; however, meropenem undergoes significant degradation and/or plasma metabolism at physiological conditions. These ex vivo findings will advise pharmacists and physicians on the appropriate dosing of meropenem.
Unilateral Platysma Muscle Rupture as an Effect of Using a Hard Wooden Block for Facial Massage
Authors: Jung Kyu Hwa , Yang Eun-Jung , Lee Won 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFacial massages are frequently performed to achieve a feeling of freshness, rejuvenation, skin tightening, and delayed onset of wrinkles. However, vigorous massages can induce unexpected symptoms. Here, we present a case of a woman who complained of an asymmetric facial appearance and a mass-like lesion following a long-term facial massage intervention. A facelift incision was performed. Platysma muscle rupture was observed intraoperatively, which was then repaired. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a vigorous facial massage-induced ipsilateral platysma rupture.
Cost-Effective and Scalable Synthesis of 4-Bromo-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole: A Key Building Block for Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Vetrichelvan Muthalagu , Lanke Veeranjaneyulu , Chandu Bellam , Mathur Arvind , Gupta Anuradha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA cost-effective, scalable, high-yielding, and commercially viable synthesis of 4-bromo-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole (1), an important building block to construct various bioactive molecules has been established. The main feature of this method includes the selection of appropriate starting material 1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole in which the existing issue of regioisomer formation is circumvented and the selective debromination is accomplished by using isopropyl magnesium chloride.
Comparison of Clinical and Pathological Staging in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer After Neck Dissection
Authors: Pinto João Viana , Sousa Mafalda Martins , Silveira Helena , Vales Fernando , Moura Carla Pinto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction Clinical and pathological staging plays an important role on the prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.
Objective The present study aims to compare clinical and pathological T, N and overall staging in patients with HNC, to identify factors associated with these discrepancies, and to analyze and compare survival or disease-free survival in staging disagreements.
Methods Retrospective cohort including every patient submitted to neck dissection from January 2010 to December 2020 in the department of Otorhinolaryngology of a tertiary hospital center.
Results A total of 79 patients were analyzed; their mean age was 58.52 ± 13.15 years old and 88.9% were male. Assessing overall staging, discrepancies were noted in 53% (36.4% upstaging and 16.6% downstaging) and were significantly associated with clinical overall staging (p = 0.006). Regarding T staging, differences were noted in 45.5% (30.3% upstaging and 15.2% downstaging) and were significantly associated with imaging modality (p = 0.016), clinical T staging (p = 0.049), and histology (p = 0.017). Discrepancies in N staging were noted in 38% (25.3% upstaging and 12.7% downstaging) and were significantly associated with age (p = 0.013), clinical N staging (p < 0.001), and presence of extranodal invasion (p < 0.001). Both in Overall, T, and N staging, the aforementioned disagreements were not associated with either higher mortality or higher disease relapse.
Conclusion Overall, T, and N staging disagree in an important number of cases, and the overall stage can disagree in up to 53% of the cases. These disagreements do not seem to influence overall and disease-free survival.
Extracorporeal Life Support in Pulmonary Hypertension: Practical Aspects
Authors: Hoeper Marius M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtracorporeal life support (ECLS), in particular veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, has emerged as a potentially life-saving treatment modality in patients presenting with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure refractory to conventional treatment. Used mainly as a bridge to lung transplantation, ECLS is also being used occasionally as a bridge to recovery in patients with treatable causes of right heart failure. This review article describes indications, contraindications, techniques, and outcomes of the use of ECLS in patients with PH, focusing on practical aspects in the management of such patients.
A pragmatic and discourse analysis of hate words on social media
Authors: Retta Mattia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper studies some pragmatic and discursive properties of hate words employed in the comment chains of two Italian right-wing politicians’ social media accounts. The analysis focuses on hate speech directed towards two ethnic groups – African migrants and the Chinese – and an individual, the former minister of Agriculture Teresa Bellanova. Hate words are divided into two macrocategories: slurs and insulting epithets. Slurs are expressions that are consistently associated with derogatory attitudes against a group of people based on their origin/descent; insulting epithets are either offensive terms that do not attack specific identity traits or neutral words that, in certain contexts, can be offensive. Data indicate that the use of hate words is guided by pragmatic factors and discursive elements, and it changes according to the individual(s) or the groups being attacked. Hate speech on social media occurs mainly through insulting epithets, thus allowing the authors to avoid moderation and any responsibility for their utterance. The results support the idea that hate speech is a complex speech act that aims not only at derogating or expressing negative emotions but works within the framework of racist discourses as a means of creating and reinforcing political polarisation and in-group values.