bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid integrated quantum key distribution transceiver chip
Authors: Dolphin Joseph A. , Paraïso Taofiq K. , Du Han , Woodward Robert I. , Marangon Davide G. , Shields Andrew J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantum photonic technologies, such as quantum key distribution, are already benefiting greatly from the rise of integrated photonics. However, the flexibility in design of these systems is often restricted by the properties of the integration material platforms. Here, we overcome this choice by using hybrid integration of ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides with indium phosphide electro-optic modulators to produce high-performance quantum key distribution transceiver chips. Access to the best properties of both materials allows us to achieve active encoding and decoding of photonic qubits on-chip at GHz speeds and with sub-1% quantum bit error rates over long fibre distances. We demonstrate bidirectional secure bit rates of 1.82 Mbps over 10 dB channel attenuation and positive secure key rates out to 250 km of fibre. The results support the imminent utility of hybrid integration for quantum photonic circuits and the wider field of photonics.
Genome sequence and annotation of Periconia digitata a hopeful biocontrol agent of phytopathogenic oomycetes
Authors: Bovio Elena , Rancurel Corinne , Seassau Aurélie , Magliano Marc , Gislard Marie , Loisier Anaïs , Kuchly Claire , Ponchet Michel , Danchin Etienne G. J. , Van Ghelder Cyril 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Periconia fungal genus belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, order Pleosporales, family Periconiaceae. Periconia are found in many habitats, but little is known about their ecology. Several species from this genus produce bioactive molecules. Periconia digitata extracts were shown to be deadly active against the pine wilt nematode. Furthermore, P. digitata was shown to inhibit the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica. Because P. digitata has great potential as a biocontrol agent and high quality genomic resources are still lacking in the Periconiaceae family, we generated long-read genomic data for P. digitata. Using PacBio Hifi sequencing technology, we obtained a highly-contiguous genome assembled in 13 chromosomes and totaling ca. 39 Mb. In addition, we produced a reference transcriptome, based on 12 different culture conditions, and proteomic data to support the genome annotation. Besides representing a new reference genome within the Periconiaceae, this work will contribute to our better understanding of the Eukaryotic tree of life and opens new possibilities in terms of biotechnological applications.
A chromosome-level genome assembly of the parasitoid wasp Eretmocerus hayati
Authors: Zhong Yu-Wei , Fan Yun-Yun , Zuo Zhang-Qi , Shu Run-Guo , Liu Yin-Quan , Luan Jun-Bo , Li Fei , Liu Shu-Sheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHymenoptera is an order accounting for a large proportion of species in Insecta, among which Chalcidoidea contains many parasitoid species of biocontrol significance. Currently, some species genomes in Chalcidoidea have been assembled, but the chromosome-level genomes of Aphelinidae are not yet available. Using Illumina, PacBio HiFi and Hi-C technologies, we assembled a genome assembly of Eretmocerus hayati (Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera), a worldwide biocontrol agent of whiteflies, at the chromosome level. The assembled genome size is 692.1 Mb with a contig N50 of 7.96 Mb. After Hi-C scaffolding, the contigs was assembled onto four chromosomes with a mapping rate of > 98%. The scaffold N50 length is 192.5 Mb, and Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologues (BUSCO) value is 95.9%. The genome contains 370.8 Mb repeat sequences and total of 24471 protein coding genes. P450 gene families were identified and analyzed. In conclusion, our chromosome-level genome assembly provides valuable support for future research on the evolution of parasitoid wasps and the interaction between hosts and parasitoid wasps.
Surface albedo measurements and surface type classification from helicopter-based observations during MOSAiC
Authors: Sperzel Tim R. , Jäkel Evelyn , Pätzold Falk , Lampert Astrid , Niehaus Hannah , Spreen Gunnar , Rosenburg Sophie , Birnbaum Gerit , Neckel Niklas , Wendisch Manfred 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlobal climate change poses significant societal and political challenges. The rapid increase in the near-surface air temperatures and the drastic retreat of the Arctic sea ice during summer are not well represented by climate models. The data sets introduced here intend to help improving the current understanding of the ongoing Arctic climate changes. In particular, this study considers observations from 24 helicopter flights (June–September 2020) and 5 flights with the helicopter-towed probe HELiPOD (May–July 2020) during MOSAiC. Distributions of various surface types (white ice/snow, bright melt ponds, dark melt ponds, open water, and bare ice) were determined using fisheye camera images. They were related to collocated broadband irradiance measurements to analyse the temporal and spatial changes of the surface albedo. Multiple linear regression was applied to assign the measured areal albedo to the corresponding surface-types. The resulting surface-type fractions, the albedo data and respective upward and downward broadband solar irradiances of several flights throughout the melting and refreezing season are provided.
Neutron transport calculation for the BEAVRS core based on the LSTM neural network
Authors: Ren Changan , He Li , Lei Jichong , Liu Jie , Huang Guocai , Gao Kekun , Qu Hongyu , Zhang Yiqin , Li Wei , Yang Xiaohua , Yu Tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of computer technology, artificial intelligence and big data technology have undergone a qualitative leap, permeating into various industries. In order to fully harness the role of artificial intelligence in the field of nuclear engineering, we propose to use the LSTM algorithm in deep learning to model the BEAVRS (Benchmark for Evaluation And Validation of Reactor Simulations) core first cycle loading. The BEAVRS core is simulated by DRAGON and DONJON, the training set and the test set are arranged in a sequential fashion according to the evolution of time, and the LSTM model is constructed by changing a number of hyperparameters. In addition to this, the training set and the test set are retained in a chronological order that is different from one another throughout the whole process. Additionally, there is a significant pattern that is followed when subsetting both the training set and the test set. This pattern applies to both sets. The steps in this design are very carefully arranged. The findings of the experiments suggest that the model can be altered by making use of the appropriate hyperparameters in such a way as to bring the maximum error of the effective multiplication factor keff prediction of the core within 2.5 pcm (10–5), and the average error within 0.5266 pcm, which validated the successful application of machine learning to transport equations.
A cross-lingual analysis on the spread of misinformation using the case of Ivermectin as a treatment for Covid-19
Authors: Lai Cameron , Toriumi Fujio , Yoshida Mitsuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe spread of misinformation transgresses international boundaries, between languages and cultures. This is especially evident in times of global crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic. This study observes misinformation on Twitter in the Japanese and English languages regarding false claims that the drug Ivermectin is an effective treatment for Covid-19. Our exploratory cross-lingual analysis identifies key themes of discussion and influential users in both languages, finding English misinformation to be highly popular amongst Japanese users. Significantly, an analysis of the timing of retweets between languages reveals that Japanese users find and widely share English misinformation often before English users themselves. This contradicts expectations that users from other languages tend to pick up on popular misinformation in English. Instead, they seek out English language sources irrespective of their popularity to support their agenda. These results emphasise the importance of cross-lingual mitigation strategies for organizations trying to combat misinformation, and that they must look beyond their own language spheres.
Clot embolization studies and computational framework for embolization in a canonical tube model
Authors: Tobin Nicolas , Li Menghan , Hiller Gretchen , Azimi Arash , Manning Keefe B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite recent advances in the development of computational methods of modeling thrombosis, relatively little effort has been made in developing methods of modeling blood clot embolization. Such a model would provide substantially greater understanding of the mechanics of embolization, as in-vitro and in-vivo characterization of embolization is difficult. Here, a method of computationally simulating embolization is developed. Experiments are performed of blood clots formed in a polycarbonate tube, where phosphate-buffered saline is run through the tube at increasing flow rates until the clot embolizes. The experiments revealed embolization can be initiated by leading edge and trailing edge detachment or by non-uniform detachment. Stress-relaxation experiments are also performed to establish values of constitutive parameters for subsequent simulations. The embolization in the tube is reproduced in silico using a multiphase volume-of-fluid approach, where the clot is modeled as viscoelastic. By varying the constitutive parameters at the wall, embolization can be reproduced in-silico at varying flow rates, and a range of constitutive parameters fitting the experiments is reported. Here, the leading edge embolization is simulated at flow rates consistent with the experiments demonstrating excellent agreement in this specific behavior.
Fission yeast Cdc14-like phosphatase Flp1/Clp1 modulates the transcriptional response to oxidative stress
Authors: Canete Juan A. , Andrés Sonia , Muñoz Sofía , Zamarreño Javier , Rodríguez Sergio , Díaz-Cuervo Helena , Bueno Avelino , Sacristán María P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important source of cellular damage. When ROS intracellular levels increase, oxidative stress takes place affecting DNA stability and metabolic functions. To prevent these effects, stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) delay cell cycle progression and induce a transcriptional response that activates antioxidant mechanisms ensuring cell adaptation and survival. Fission yeast Cdc14-like phosphatase Flp1 (also known as Clp1) has a well-established role in cell cycle regulation. Moreover, Flp1 contributes to checkpoint activation during replication stress. Here, we show that Flp1 has a role in fine-tuning the cellular oxidative stress response. Phosphorylation-dependent nucleolar release of Flp1 in response to oxidative stress conditions plays a role in the cellular transcriptional response. Thus, Flp1 ablation increases the transcriptional response to oxidative stress, in both intensity and duration, upregulating both Atf1/Pcr1- and Pap1-dependent stress induced genes. Remarkably, we found that Flp1 interacts with the Atf1/Pcr1 complex with Pcr1 acting as a direct substrate. Our results provide evidence that Flp1 modulates the oxidative stress response by limiting the Atf1/Pcr1-mediated transcription.
Reconfigurable integrated structures with functions of Fabry–Perot antenna and wideband liquid absorber for radar system stealth
Authors: Zou Yukun , Kong Xiangkun , Cao Zuwei , Zhang Xinyu , Zhao Yongjiu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a functionally reconfigurable integrated structure of a Fabry–Perot (FP) antenna and wideband liquid absorber. First, a two-layer partial reflecting surface (PRS) has been designed. Then, a patch antenna is used to act as the source antenna. By combining the source antenna with the PRS, an FP antenna has been designed. What’s more, taking full advantage of the reflective properties of PRS, a liquid broadband absorber is then designed. Last, the integrated structure with two functions has been realized. It can be used as the FP antenna or the liquid absorber through the extraction and injection of ethanol. In this way, it is effective to switch between stealth and detection states which can be used in different electromagnetic environments. The PRS is elaborately tailored to serve as both a component of the FP antenna and the metal ground of the broadband liquid absorber. Then the integrated structure is realized by combining the FP antenna with the liquid absorber. The PRS is composed of patches on the top layer of the substrate and the square loop on the bottom. The liquid absorber is composed of a 3-D printed container, 45% ethanol layer and the PRS is used to serve as the metal ground. The formula of Mie resonance theory has been extended and used to design the liquid absorber. The gain of the antenna is 19.7 dBi when the ethanol is extracted. When the ethanol is injected, a wideband liquid absorber is achieved. The absorption band (S11 < − 10 dB) ranges from 4 to 18 GHz. The absorption bandwidth is over 133%. The monostatic RCS reduction bands of the structure with ethanol range from 4 to 18 GHz and the average RCS reduction is 28.4 dBsm. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.
Unravelling molecular mechanisms involved in resistance priming against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Vigneron Nicolas , Grimplet Jérôme , Remolif Eric , Rienth Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDowny mildew (DM; Plasmopara viticola) is amongst the most severe fungal diseases in viticulture and the reason for the majority of fungicide applications. To reduce synthetic and copper-based fungicides, there is an urgent need for natural alternatives, which are being increasingly tested by the industry and the research community. However, their mode of action remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic changes induced by oregano essential oil vapour (OEOV) in DM-infected grapevines. OEOV was applied at different time points before and after DM infection to differentiate between a priming effect and a direct effect. Both pre-DM treatment with OEOV and post-infection treatment resulted in a significant reduction in DM sporulation. RNA-seq, followed by differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, identified co-expressed gene modules associated with secondary metabolism, pathogen recognition and response. Surprisingly, the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficiency of OEOV against DM appear to be independent of stilbene synthesis, and instead involve genes from a putative signalling pathway that has yet to be characterized. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular regulation of innate plant immunity and provides new insights into the mode of action of alternative natural antifungal agents.
Conceptions and Misconceptions: What Do School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists Think About Dyslexia?
Authors: Krimm Hannah , McDaniel Jena , Schuele C. Melanie 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') conceptions and misconceptions about dyslexia.

Method:
Participants were 86 school-based SLPs. They completed an online survey on which they rated their agreement and disagreement with true and false statements related to the scientific evidence about the nature of dyslexia and interventions for dyslexia, as well as common misconceptions about dyslexia.

Results:
There was considerable variability among SLPs' agreement and disagreement with the statements. Critically, despite abundant contrary evidence in the literature, many SLPs believe that dyslexia involves a visual processing deficit.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that many school-based SLPs hold misconceptions about dyslexia, especially those related to dyslexia being a visual disorder. The identified misconceptions may contribute to some SLPs' reluctance to incorporate reading and prereading skills into speech-language assessment and intervention. SLPs need greater knowledge of dyslexia to provide more effective evaluations and intervention services.
Transferable driver facial expression recognition based on joint discriminative correlation alignment network with enhanced feature attention
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Du Jian , Deng Fuwen , Zhao Feng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFacial expression is closely related to the emotions of drivers, thus facilitating safe driving detection in advanced driving assistance system (ADAS). Recently, deep learning techniques have become prevalent for facial expression recognition. However, for driving scenarios, the facial expression recognition is mainly challenged by the problems of small sample size as well as effective feature representation. To address the above issues, this paper puts forward a transfer learning‐based method for driver facial expression recognition by fully exploiting the other sources of facial expression data that may obey different distributions. Specifically, an enhanced feature attention module is firstly devised such that affluent features with multi‐scales can be extracted and refined based on the spatial and channel attention mechanisms. Then, a joint correlation alignment loss is presented ensuring that the samples in the source and target domains are transformed into the shared common subspace to reduce difference of both the marginal and conditional distributions. Multiple transfer learning tasks on real‐world data are carried out to evaluate the proposed method. The experimental results show that our model achieves better recognition accuracy for driver facial expression compared with several traditional and deep learning‐based transfer learning algorithms.
Die aktuellen Sicherheitswarnungen zu JAK-Inhibitoren
Authors: Fiehn Christoph 
Published: September 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGJanuskinase-Inhibitoren (JAKi) sind wirksame und den biologischen (b)DMARD in ihrer Wirkstärke teilweise überlegene Substanzen zur Behandlung der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA). Derzeit sind 4 Substanzen in Deutschland zur Behandlung der RA zugelassen: Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, Upadacitinib und Filgotinib. Die prospektive, kontrollierte Sicherheitsstudie ORAL-SURVEILLANCE, in der Tofacitinib mit TNF-alpha-Inhibitoren verglichen wurde, hat nun Ergebnisse erbracht, welche darauf hinweisen, dass unter der Therapie mit dem JAKi ein erhöhtes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse, Thomboembolien und auch bestimmte Malignome, insbesondere Bronchial-Karzinome, bestehen könnte. Betroffen sind davon aber nur Patient*innen > 65 Jahre, aktuelle und ehemalige Raucher*innen sowie im Falle der kardiovaskulären Ereignisse Patient*innen mit einem solchen Ereignis in der Vorgeschichte. Auf der Basis dieser Studie hat der Ausschuss für Humanarzneimittel (CHMP) der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) aktuelle Empfehlungen zur Verordnung von JAKi formuliert, um das Risiko von schwerwiegenden unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen zu minimieren. Diese gelten nicht nur für Tofacitinib, sondern für alle oben genannten JAKi, da ein Klasseneffekt vermutet wurde. Die Daten sowie deren Konsequenzen werden in der hier vorliegenden Arbeit diskutiert und bewertet.
Therapie in den Vorstufen der rheumatoiden Arthritis
Authors: Schulz Nils , Lange Uwe , Klemm Philipp 
Published: September 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDurch moderne Therapien und Therapiealgorithmen konnten in der letzten Dekade die Therapieergebnisse in der Behandlung der rheumatoiden Arthritis maßgeblich verbessert werden. Dennoch führt die Erkrankung zu individuellen chronisch-progredienten Einschränkungen und somit auch zu einer sozioökonomischen Belastung. Ein neuer Therapieansatz verspricht hier eine Lösung. Durch Behandlung in Vorstufen der rheumatoiden Arthritis soll die Erkrankung langfristig aufgehalten bis verhindert werden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst aktuelle Erkenntnisse und Studien zusammen und gibt einen Überblick über die medikamentöse Therapie in den Vorstufen der rheumatoiden Arthritis.
Familienplanung und Schwangerschaft bei rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Glaser Cornelia 
Published: September 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGUngewollte Kinderlosigkeit oder eine längere Zeitspanne bis zum Eintritt einer Schwangerschaft ist bei Paaren, bei denen einer der beiden an einer rheumatoiden Arthritis leidet, häufiger als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung, insbesondere wenn die Frau betroffen ist. Mit reproduktionsmedizinischen Maßnahmen kann der Kinderwunsch in vielen Fällen doch noch erfüllt werden. Ist die Arthritis in der Schwangerschaft entzündlich aktiv, treten erhöhte Raten an Frühgeburten, Schwangerschaftshypertonie, Geburtskomplikationen und kindlichen Wachstumsstörungen im Mutterleib auf. Anzustreben ist daher bereits vor der Schwangerschaft eine gute medikamentöse Krankheitskontrolle der Arthritis. Mit Hydroxychloroquin, Sulfasalazin + Folsäure, TNF-Blockern und Prednison stehen Medikamente zur Verfügung, die den Schwangerschaftsverlauf sicherer gestalten können und nicht zu Missbildungen führen. Es liegen für ihren Einsatz in der Schwangerschaft detaillierte internationale Empfehlungen vor. Auch in der Stillzeit können diese Medikamente fortgesetzt werden, ohne den Säugling zu gefährden.
Empfehlungen für ein körperliches Training zur
Sturzprävention bei älteren, selbständig lebenden
Menschen
Authors: Schoene Daniel , Gross Michaela , von Stengel Simon , Kohl Matthias , Kladny Bernd , Gosch Markus , Sieber Cornel C , Peters Stefan , Kiesswetter Eva , Becker Clemens , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungStürze sind der wichtigste Risikofaktor für Frakturen im Alter.
Epidemiologische Studien haben viele Risikofaktoren für Stürze
identifiziert, die durch strukturiertes körperliches Training
beeinflussbar sind. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Evidenz zu Inhalten, Methoden
und Belastungsdosierung eines körperlichen Trainings zur Vermeidung von
Stürzen und zur Reduktion des Sturzimpaktes.Die Ergebnisse zeigen hohe Evidenz, dass verglichen mit inaktiven
Kontrollgruppen, multimodale Programme, Gleichgewichts-&
Funktionstraining und Tai Chi wirksam sind, Stürze zu vermeiden.
Insbesondere die Rolle anspruchsvollen Gleichgewichtstrainings kommt hier zum
Tragen. Neuere Inhalte/Methodenvariationen sind auch wirksam. Hierzu
zählen Stepping und Perturbationstraining. Letzteres scheint auch in
kürzeren Zeiträumen beachtliche Effekte zu erzielen.
Während einige Programme supervidiert werden müssen, existieren
auch wirksame individuelle Heimtrainings. Mit Ausnahme von
Perturbationstraining, sollten Programme 3mal/Woche über mind. 3
Monate durchgeführt werden. Ein ggf. periodisiertes, dauerhaftes
Training gewährleistet langanhaltende Effekte. Für isoliertes
Kraft-, Ausdauer- oder Beweglichkeitstraining, Training im Wasser, Tanzen und
interaktive kognitiv-motorische Interventionen liegt keine hinreichende Evidenz
vor, um sie als wirksame Trainings in der Sturzprävention zu empfehlen.
Jedoch sind sie größtenteils effektiv, um Risikofaktoren zu
beeinflussen oder einen Einstieg ins Training zu unterstützen.Limitierte Evidenz existiert für die Beeinflussung des Sturzvorgangs
durch Training. Bei gesunden, älteren Menschen sind Sturz-, Abfang-,
Abrolltechniken sowie Stepping geeignet, den Impakt selbst-induzierter
Stürze zu reduzieren. Keine diesbezüglichen Daten existieren
für Verletzungen als Folge echter Stürze.