bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of Wnt4‐modified neural stem cells mediate M2 polarization to improve inflammatory micro‐environment of spinal cord injury
Authors: Pan Baiqi , Wu Xiaoyu , Zeng Xiaolin , Chen Jiewen , Zhang Wenwu , Cheng Xing , Wan Yong , Li Xiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been considered as a potential strategy to reconnect the neural circuit after spinal cord injury (SCI) but the therapeutic effect was still unsatisfied because of the poor inflammatory micro‐environment of SCI. Previous study reported that neuroprotection and inflammatory immunomodulation were considered to be most important mechanism of NSCs transplantation. In addition, Wnt4 has been considered to be neurogenesis and anti‐inflammatory so that it would be an essential assistant agent for NSCs transplantation. Our single cells sequence indicates that macrophages are the most important contributor of inflammatory response after SCI and the interaction between macrophages and astrocytes may be the most crucial to inflammatory microenvironment of SCI. We further report the first piece of evidence to confirm the interaction between Wnt4‐modified NSCs and macrophages using NSCs‐macrophages co‐cultured system. Wnt4‐modified NSCs induce M2 polarization and inhibit M1 polarization of macrophages through suppression of TLR4/NF‐κB signal pathway; furthermore, M2 cells promote neuronal differentiation of NSCs through MAPK/JNK signal pathway. In vivo, transplantation of Wnt4‐modified NSCs improves inflammatory micro‐environment through induce M2 polarization and inhibits M1 polarization of macrophages to promote axonal regeneration and tissue repair. The current study indicated that transplantation of Wnt4‐modified NSCs mediates M2 polarization of macrophages to promote spinal cord injury repair. Our novel findings would provide more insight of SCI and help with identification of novel treatment strategy.
Model‐informed precision dosing of teicoplanin for the rapid achievement of the target area under the concentration‐time curve: A simulation study
Authors: Oda Kazutaka , Yamada Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Hanai Yuki , Ueda Takashi , Samura Masaru , Shigemi Akari , Jono Hirofumi , Saito Hideyuki , Kimura Toshimi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTeicoplanin, a glycopeptide antimicrobial, is recommended for therapeutic drug monitoring, but it remains unclear how to target the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC). This simulation study purposed to demonstrate the potential of the Bayesian forecasting approach for the rapid achievement of the target AUC for teicoplanin. We generated concordant and discordant virtual populations against a Japanese population pharmacokinetic model. The predictive performance of the Bayesian posterior AUC in limited sampling on the first day against the reference AUC was evaluated as an acceptable target AUC ratio within the range of 0.8–1.2. In the concordant population, the probability for the maximum a priori or Bayesian posterior AUC on the first day (AUC0–24) was 61.3% or more than 77.0%, respectively. The Bayesian posterior AUC on the second day (AUC24–48) was more than 75.1%. In the discordant population, the probability for the maximum a priori or Bayesian posterior AUC0–24 was 15.5% or 11.7–80.7%, respectively. The probability for the maximum a priori or Bayesian posterior AUC24–48 was 23.4%, 30.2–82.1%. The AUC at steady‐state (AUCSS) was correlated with trough concentration at steady‐state, with a coefficient of determination of 0.930; the coefficients on days 7 and 4 were 0.442 and 0.125, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that early sampling could improve the probability of AUC0–24 and AUC24–48 but did not adequately predict AUCSS. Further studies are necessary to apply early sampling‐based model‐informed precision dosing in the clinical settings.
A realist review of residential treatment for adults with substance use disorder
Authors: De Salis Henry F. , Martin Rachelle , Mansoor Zara , Newton‐Howes Giles , Bell Elliot 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIssuesCompletion of residential treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) relates to improvements in substance use and mental health. Findings from systematic reviews have been equivocal about which interventions work best for clients. There has been limited attention to the theories that explain the effectiveness of residential treatment.ApproachWe conducted a realist review of the literature to identify program theories that would explain successful and unsuccessful outcomes from residential treatment for SUD. The unit of analysis was context–mechanism–outcome (CMO). Inclusion criteria were studies of residential treatment of more than 30 days for adults with SUD. Pharmacological studies were excluded.Key FindingsWe identified 24 studies from 5748 screened. The studies were from settings comprising Indigenous programs, faith‐based programs, psycho‐social interventions and therapeutic communities and were conducted in North America, Scandinavia, Continental Europe and Australasia. We chose six CMO configurations as the best explanations for outcomes from residential treatment. Theories that best explained the mechanisms of change were the need to belong, meaning in life, and self‐determination theory.ImplicationsPrevious research has noted similar outcomes from different residential treatment interventions, but has not been able to explain these similarities. In contrast, our findings suggest that the outcomes can be explained by causal mechanisms that apply across all programs, regardless of the philosophy of treatment.ConclusionWe identified six CMO configurations whose mechanisms of change could be explained by three overarching theories—the need to belong, meaning in life and self‐determination theory. The findings apply across ethnicities and genders.
Delayed nitrogen application after straw and charred straw addition altered the hot moment of soil N2O emissions
Authors: Ye Xin , Ran Hongyu , Wang Xiao , Li Guitong , Ambus Per , Wang Gang , Zhu Kun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe combination of nitrogen (N) fertilization and straw incorporation has complex influences on soil N transformations and derived nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. This study aimed to reveal the coupled effects of straw returning forms and N fertilizer management on soil N2O emissions. Here, carbon (C) sources with varied availabilities were supplied by different straw returning forms, including straw, charred straw, and combined application of straw and charred straw. The time gaps between additions of exogenous N and C sources were carried out by managing the timing of N fertilization, including N application simultaneous with or delayed after straw return. Soil N2O emissions under different straw returning forms and their response relationships to soil C, N, microbial biomass, as well as soil pH and oxygen (O2) were explored. Co‐application of straw and N fertilizer provided sufficient C and N sources, enhanced the microbial biomass, and consequently increased N2O emissions. Delayed N fertilization could decouple the response of N2O emissions to straw addition, because of constrained N availability and limited pH decline, which decreased the cumulative N2O emissions significantly. Possibly due to straw induced N immobilization coupled with charred straw induced pH elevation, the combined application of straw and charred straw constrained soil N2O emissions compared with straw only application, regardless of N fertilizer management. By shaping the microbial biomass and soil C, N, and O2 dynamics, delayed application of N fertilizer could further enhance the inhibition effect of the charred straw and straw combination on soil N2O emissions. Therefore, the varied straw returning forms and the timing of N fertilization could affect the supply of available C and N, influencing the hot moments of N2O emissions, and the joint addition of straw and charred straw with a few weeks delayed N application could possibly reduce the risk of soil N2O emissions from straw return systems. Such mitigation potential should be evaluated further under field conditions.Highlights
Delayed N fertilization attenuated the magnitude of N2O emissions after straw additions.
Combination of charred straw with straw mitigated N2O emissions, further enhanced by delayed N fertilization.
Soil pH was the chief regulator for N2O emissions under different straw returning forms and N application.
An examination of different types of parental control on the well‐being of Turkish emerging adults
Authors: Taşkın Sayıl Dilara , Erdem Gizem 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study explored the association between emerging adults' perceptions of different types of parental control and their well‐being.BackgroundThere is a lack of research investigating parental control in Turkey during emerging adulthood. The current study addresses the gap by examining the role of basic psychological needs frustration (BPNF), guided by the self‐determination theory.MethodThe sample included 714 participants who were unmarried, aged 18 to 24 years, and Turkish. Participants answered self‐report questionnaires on parental control, BPNF, and mental and sexual well‐being.ResultsPerceived parental psychological and sexual control were positively and behavioral control was negatively associated with BPNF. The BPNF mediated the relationship between perceived parental psychological and behavioral control, mental well‐being, and the relationship between perceived parental sexual control and sexual well‐being. The association between perceived parental sexual control and sexual well‐being was moderated by gender and religiosity.ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of examining parental control while investigating the well‐being of Turkish emerging adults.ImplicationsInterference with meeting basic psychological needs may be linked to distress for emerging adults. Future research should explore the long‐term consequences of parental control on youth development, taking gender and religiosity into account.
A thickness‐sensitive and orientation‐related creep lifetime prediction method of nickel‐based single crystal superalloy
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wang Rongqiao , Liu Haiyan , Chen Xiaosheng , Hu Dianyin , Jiang Kanghe , Jing Fulei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConsidering the anisotropy of nickel‐based single crystal superalloy, an anisotropic creep lifetime prediction model based on slip plane damage is developed. The predicted results indicate that the lifetime prediction model could predict the creep lifetimes of nickel‐based single crystal superalloy with different orientations accurately. Furthermore, in order to reveal the damage mechanism of nickel‐based single crystal thin‐walled specimen, creep experiment and failure analysis of thin‐walled specimen are conducted, and there are obvious differences in damage mechanisms between surface and interior of the thin‐walled specimen. In this paper, both thickness debit effect and abnormal thickness debit effect are considered to be caused by the damage differences between surface and interior of the thin‐walled specimen, and zone‐based failure criteria considering thickness debit effect and abnormal thickness debit effect are proposed. Finally, combining the anisotropic creep lifetime prediction model and zone‐based failure criteria, the creep lifetime prediction of DD6 specimen with different thickness is conducted. The predicted lifetimes are within a scatter band of factor 2.26, and the predicted laws between creep lifetimes and thicknesses of the specimens are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the rationality and accuracy of the thickness‐sensitive creep lifetime prediction method established in this paper.
Prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients with autoimmune diseases: A case‐control study
Authors: Allihaibi Marwa , Niazi Sadia Ambreen , Farzadi Samira , Austin Rupert , Ideo Francesca , Cotti Elisabetta , Mannocci Francesco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of this case–control study was to compare the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in patients affected by autoimmune disorders (AD) (inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and psoriasis [Ps]) with the prevalence of AP in subjects without AD. The prevalences of AP in patients taking biologic medications, conventional medications and no medication were also compared.MethodologyEighty‐nine patients (2145 teeth) with AD were investigated and the control group included 89 patients (2329 teeth) with no systemic diseases. Full dental panoramic tomograms were used to determine the periapical status of the teeth. Additional variables investigated included patient's socio‐demographic characteristics, medications taken by AD patients, the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The chi‐square test and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between AD and AP. p‐Values lower than .05 were considered to be statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of AP was 89.9% in AD patients and 74.2% in control subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 3.75, p = .015). The DMFT score was found to be significantly higher in the AD group (p = .004). Patients with RA had the highest risk of being affected by AP, whereas those with IBD had the lowest risk. Multiple binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the teeth of AD patients who were not taking any medication or were being treated with biologic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) had a higher risk of being affected by AP than did the teeth of the control subjects (OR = 1.42 and OR = 2.03, respectively; p = .010). The teeth of patients taking conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs) were less affected by AP compared with those of patients taking bDMARDs.ConclusionsPatients with AD, whether treated or not with biologic medications, showed a higher prevalence of AP than did those in the control group. The DMFT index score, which was higher in AD patients compared with controls was identified as a significant predictor of AP prevalence.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for kidney cancer. Where do we stand?
Authors: Sosa‐Fajardo Paloma , Blanco‐Suarez Jesús M. , Pineda‐Munguía Álvaro , Rubí‐Olea Luz , Peleteiro‐Higuero Paula , Gajate Pablo , Zafra‐Martín Juan , Siva Shankar , Bossi Alberto , López‐Campos Fernando , Couñago Felipe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAt present, surgery is still the gold standard for the local treatment of renal cancer. Nonetheless, in several clinical scenarios, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) also known as stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is emerging as a highly effective ablative technique in fragile patients and those with significant comorbidities, as well as in cases where percutaneous therapy (cryoablation or radiofrequency) is not viable. However, considering the intrinsic radioresistance of renal tumors, the optimal treatment schemes have not been established. In oligometastatic patients, it has been reported that the control of the oligometastases can be a potentially curable approach. Being a technique than can be administered exclusively or in combination with systemic therapy, treatment individualization based on patient characteristics is key. Another scenario under investigation is oligoprogression, where SBRT offers the possibility of delaying further lines of systemic therapy by eliminating subclones of resistant tumor with ablative doses, with the additional opportunity of stimulating the immune system (immunomodulatory role). In this review, we have conducted an analysis of recently published studies that test the role of this technique in different clinical scenarios of this disease. We have found promising results that make SBRT a potent therapeutic approach with low toxicity. We also comment on ongoing studies that will generate the necessary evidence needed for the implementation of this technique in our daily clinical practice.
Wogonin attenuates the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae by double‐target inhibition of Pneumolysin and Sortase A
Authors: Gu Kuan , Ding Lizhong , Wang Zhongtian , Sun Yingying , Sun Xiaozhou , Yang Wenbo , Sun Haihang , Tian Ye , Wang Zeyu , Sun Liping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a major causative agent of respiratory disease in patients and can cause respiratory distress and other symptoms in severe cases. Pneumolysin (PLY) is a pore‐forming toxin that induces host tissue injury and inflammatory responses. Sortase A (SrtA), a catalytic enzyme that anchors surface‐associated virulence factors, is critical for S. pneumoniae virulence. Here, we found that the active ingredient of the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, wogonin, simultaneously inhibited the haemolytic activity of PLY and SrtA activity. Consequently, wogonin decreased PLY‐mediated cell damage and reduced SrtA‐mediated biofilm formation by S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, our data indicated that wogonin did not affect PLY expression but directly altered its oligomerization, leading to reduced activity. Furthermore, the analysis of a mouse pneumonia model further revealed that wogonin reduced mortality in mice infected with S. pneumoniae laboratory strain D39 and S. pneumoniae clinical isolate E1, reduced the number of colony‐forming units in infected mice and decreased the W/D ratio and levels of the inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β in the lungs of infected mice. Thus, wogonin reduces S. pneumoniae pathogenicity by inhibiting the dual targets PLY and SrtA, providing a treatment option for S. pneumoniae infection.
PYK2 is overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: A potential new therapeutic target
Authors: Sbrana Francesca Vittoria , Fiordi Benedetta , Bordini Jessica , Belloni Daniela , Barbaglio Federica , Russo Luca , Scarfò Lydia , Ghia Paolo , Scielzo Cristina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is the most common adult B‐cell leukaemia and despite improvement in patients' outcome, following the use of targeted therapies, it remains incurable. CLL supportive microenvironment plays a key role in both CLL progression and drug resistance through signals that can be sensed by the main components of the focal adhesion complex, such as FAK and PYK2 kinases. Dysregulations of both kinases have been observed in several metastatic cancers, but their role in haematological malignancies is still poorly defined. We characterized FAK and PYK2 expression and observed that PYK2 expression is higher in leukaemic B cells and its overexpression significantly correlates with their malignant transformation. When targeting both FAK and PYK2 with the specific inhibitor defactinib, we observed a dose–response effect on CLL cells viability and survival. In vivo treatment of a CLL mouse model showed a decrease of the leukaemic clone in all the lymphoid organs along with a significant reduction of macrophages and of the spleen weight and size. Our results first define a possible prognostic value for PYK2 in CLL, and show that both FAK and PYK2 might become putative targets for both CLL and its microenvironment (e.g. macrophages), thus paving the way to an innovative therapeutic strategy.
Clinical significances of Bishop score and vaginal bleeding to controlled‐release dinoprostone delivery system (PROPESS) efficacy for cervical ripening: A retrospective single‐center study in Japan
Authors: Imai Kenji , Aoki Chieko , Tano Sho , Iitani Yukako , Nakamura Noriyuki , Ushida Takafumi , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kotani Tomomi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effect of vaginal bleeding on the efficacy of controlled‐release dinoprostone delivery system (PROPESS) for cervical ripening and the factors affecting the PROPESS efficacy in a Japanese clinical setting.MethodsA total of 100 term pregnant women in whom PROPESS was used due to an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score ≤ 6) were enrolled. We retrospectively investigated which factors, including vaginal bleeding, were associated with the success of cervical ripening using logistic regression analysis. Moreover, the effect of vaginal bleeding on vaginal acidity was examined in 24 selected cases (control, 11; rupture of membrane, 4; and vaginal bleeding, 8).ResultsA 25 women successfully ripened the cervix (effective group), and 75 were unsuccessful (noneffective group). Bishop score at insertion (adjusted odds ratio: 1.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–2.86; p = 0.004), and vaginal bleeding at PROPESS insertion (adjusted odds ratio 6.63; 95% confidence interval 1.21–36.36; p = 0.029) affected cervical ripening success. The cases with vaginal bleeding showed a significantly higher vaginal pH than the control cases (median value: 6.75 and 5.0, respectively). We identified no obvious adverse outcomes, such as tachysystole, fetal heart rate abnormality, or low Apgar/pH, associated with vaginal bleeding at insertion.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the PROPESS efficacy depends on Bishop score at insertion and that vaginal bleeding at PROPESS insertion might have a significantly positive effect on cervical ripening in term pregnant women.
Vaginal bleeding in children: A retrospective audit at a tertiary paediatric gynaecology service
Authors: Drever Natalie , Peek Sarah , Moussaoui Dehlia , Dkeidek Amira I , Grover Sonia R 
Published: February 2023

AimThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and investigations of vaginal bleeding in prepubertal children.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case series of children under the age of 10 who presented with vaginal bleeding to our institution between 2018 and 2019.ResultsThere were 32 cases identified during the timeframe, with a mean age of 5.5 years (standard deviation 3.2 years, range 5.5 days to 9.6 years). Vulvovaginitis was the most common diagnosis (n = 12, 37.5%), followed by precocious puberty (n = 5, 15.6%). Uncommon but serious causes were vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 1), and sexual abuse (one patient presenting with gonorrhoea and one with a non‐accidental injury). Vaginoscopy was performed in nine patients (28.1%) for various reasons, and a vaginal foreign body was identified in two patients (6.3%). All the patients who had a serious cause of bleeding (neoplasm or sexual assault) or who required specific treatment (precocious puberty, lichen sclerosus, urethral prolapse) presented with red flags on history and/or examination: recurrent episodes of vaginal bleeding, heavy bleeding, associated general symptoms (poor feeding and growth), presence of thelarche, abdominal mass, associated profuse vaginal discharge and abnormal genital examination (skin changes, urethral prolapse or protruding mass from the vagina).ConclusionsA thorough history‐taking and clinical examination aiming at identifying red flags may help to discriminate between benign causes of vaginal bleeding, where no further investigations are indicated, and alternative diagnoses with a poor outcome and/or requiring specific treatment and additional investigations.