bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Broadband Optical Absorption Performance of Rod‐Based Hyperbolic Metamaterials in Cuboidal Patterns
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Fu Ming , Jiang Jingwen , Li Jiefeng , Yang Rui , Wu Zheli , He Dawei , Wang Yongsheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of metamaterials for advanced optical functions, especially optical metamaterials that can be synthesized through a colloidal assembly route, holds significance in nanophotonic research. A broadband absorber based on hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) with cuboidal patterns, constructed using 3D assembled nanorod arrays, is fabricated with the assistance of SU‐8 photoresist filling, photolithography, and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Pt. The formation of cuboidal patterns creates a rod‐based metamaterial waveguide, enabling slow‐light dispersion in the visible frequency range. Slow light frequencies can be adjusted by varying the metal thickness and metal type, while they are minimally influenced by the width of each cuboidal framework. In addition to the absorption attributed to the rod metamaterial waveguides, the gap between the neighboring cuboidal frameworks induces a coupling effect that enhances light capture. The presence of curving morphologies on the side of each cuboidal framework further enhances optical absorption. The optimized broadband rod metamaterial absorber in cuboidal patterns can achieve an average absorptivity of 96.9% in the 400–1100 nm wavelength range.
Nonlinear Optical Mechanism of β‐BaB2O4 Revealed by Experimental Electron Density
Authors: Yang Long‐Qi , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Chen Yu , Liu Bin‐Wen , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) materials are of immense scientific and technological importance. However, debate has long prevailed theoretically regarding the structural origin of the second harmonic generation (SHG) effect. In this work, the experimental electron density (ED) of controversial β‐BaB2O4 (BBO) is studied by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction, indicating that the [B3O6]3− motif dominates two large non‐zero SHG tensors (d222 and d311) while Ba atoms contribute mostly to the smallest one (d333), and the atomic SHG contributions of terminal O atoms in [B3O6]3− motifs are much larger than those of B and bridged O atoms, clarifying the disputes on its NLO response mechanism. Besides, the contraction of inner electron shells (5s25p6) of the Ba atom and partial covalent behavior of the Ba─O interaction are first observed experimentally. Furthermore, the SHG coefficients of BBO derived from experimental ED are in excellent agreement with those from bulk crystals, providing a high‐efficient and low‐cost method of screening high‐performance NLO materials with just an easy‐to‐obtain tiny crystal.
18F‐Fluorination of 2‐Methyl‐6‐nitrobenzenesulfonate Ester and its Application for the Synthesis of an 18F‐Labeled Amino Acid**
Authors: Iida Shogo , Tago Tetsuro , Tada Masatoshi , Toyohara Jun , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the development of an efficient 18F‐labeling method for the synthesis of PET tracers, it is essential not only to improve the efficiency of [18F]fluorine incorporation into a carrier but also to minimize non‐radioactive side products from the precursor. Highly reactive sulfonate esters are promising precursors for 18F‐nucleophilic fluorination under mild conditions. However, the expected labeling efficiency from the precursor is often hampered by its competitive degradation due to coexisting bases during 18F‐fluorination. In this report, we designed a 2‐methyl‐6‐nitrobenzenesulfonate (2‐MeNs) ester as a precursor for 18F‐fluorination, in which the methyl group suppresses hydrolysis of the sulfonate ester via steric hindrance. An increase in labeling efficiency in the 18F‐labeling of a neopentyl labeling group was observed for the neopentyl 2‐MeNs ester compared with that of the 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonate ester. Ultimately, we achieved the automated synthesis of an 18F‐labeled amino acid using a neopentyl labeling group by using a 2‐MeNs ester as a precursor.
Sleep duration and brain MRI measures: Results from the SOL‐INCA MRI study
Authors: González Kevin A. , Tarraf Wassim , Stickel Ariana M. , Kaur Sonya , Agudelo Christian , Redline Susan , Gallo Linda C. , Isasi Carmen R. , Cai Jianwen , Daviglus Martha L. , Testai Fernando D. , DeCarli Charles , González Hector M. , Ramos Alberto R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSleep duration has been associated with dementia and stroke. Few studies have evaluated sleep pattern–related outcomes of brain disease in diverse Hispanics/Latinos.METHODSThe SOL‐INCA (Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study recruited diverse Hispanics/Latinos (35–85 years) who underwent neuroimaging. The main exposure was self‐reported sleep duration. Our main outcomes were total and regional brain volumes.RESULTSThe final analytic sample included n = 2334 participants. Increased sleep was associated with smaller brain volume (βtotal_brain = −0.05, p < 0.01) and consistently so in the 50+ subpopulation even after adjusting for mild cognitive impairment status. Sleeping >9 hours was associated with smaller gray (βcombined_gray = −0.17, p < 0.05) and occipital matter volumes (βoccipital_gray = −0.18, p < 0.05).DISCUSSIONWe found that longer sleep duration was associated with lower total brain and gray matter volume among diverse Hispanics/Latinos across sex and background. These results reinforce the importance of sleep on brain aging in this understudied population.Highlights
Longer sleep was linked to smaller total brain and gray matter volumes.
Longer sleep duration was linked to larger white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and smaller hippocampal volume in an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk group.
These associations were consistent across sex and Hispanic/Latino heritage groups.
Organometallic N‐acylhydrazones of 5‐nitrofuran and 5‐nitrothiophene based: Synthesis, electrochemical, antiparasitic evaluation, and computational study
Authors: Saldías Marianela , Acuña Alejandra , Mellado Marco , Wilkinson Shane R. , Moncada‐Basualto Mauricio , Artigas Vania , Fuentealba Mauricio , Lucero Andrea , Oyarzo Juan , Toro Patricia M. 
Published: September 2023

In searching for new therapeutic agents for treating American trypanosomiasis and Human African trypanosomiasis, four nitroheterocyclic acylhydrazones of general formulae [R1‐CH=N‐NH‐C(O)‐(5‐C4H2X)] (where R1 = ferrocenyl or cyrhetrenyl, and X = O or S) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Comparative studies of their stability by 1H‐NMR and UV–Vis experiments were reported. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction confirmed the molecular structures of NF‐1 and NT‐2. Their X‐ray crystal structures reveal that both adopt an E‐configuration on the C=N moiety. Regarding the ‐NH‐C(O)‐ bond, the structure of NF‐1 confirmed a trans conformation, while NT‐2 exhibited a cis‐amide conformation. The cyclic voltammetry and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments were conducted to study the electrochemical behavior of N‐acylhydrazones. The antiparasitic activities of compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi (epimastigotes) and Trypanosoma brucei (trypomastigotes) revealed that cyrhetrenyl complexes were more effective than their ferrocenyl analogs. The cyrhetrenyl derivative NT‐2 (EC50 = 2.25 μM) showed activity against T. brucei comparable to the standard drug nifurtimox (Nfx, EC50 = 3.56 μM). The ferrocenyl compound NT‐1 (>200 μM) was at least two times less cytotoxic than the Nfx (88.7 μM) against the L6 rat skeletal myoblast cell line and exhibited a selectivity like Nfx toward T. brucei. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized as an approximation to explain the impact of organometallic and heterocyclic rings on antiparasitic activities. This study supported the experimental results, confirming that the cyrhetrenyl fragment in N‐acylhydrazone derivatives plays a significant role in the antitrypanosomal activity, which can be attributed to an increase in positive charge on the metal.
Physico‐mechanical properties of poly(ethylene glycol)‐based polymer networks
Authors: Bilal Muhammad Humayun , Mahmood Nasir , Samiullah Muhammad Haris , Busse Karsten , Kressler Jörg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based networks have been used extensively for biomedical applications and as solid state electrolytes. In this work, a series of PEG networks was prepared using bifunctional PEG of molar mass 400, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 g mol−1 and star shaped PEG (Mn = 1000 g mol−1) cross‐linker using copper‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition or “click” chemistry. The end‐group modification of the bifunctional polymers and the star shaped cross‐linker with alkyne and azide groups, respectively, was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The coupling reaction between azide and alkyne functionalities for the network formation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties of polymer network were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Swelling studies of the networks were performed to correlate the network structure with the physical properties. The molar mass between the cross‐links was determined using the Bray‐Merill modified Flory‐Rehner equation. The effect of molar mass between the cross‐linking points on the strength of the networks was compared. Additionally, the effect of the stoichiometry of the precursors on the network strength was also studied. Finally, thickness‐dependent tensile testing was performed to investigate the stress oscillation phenomenon.
Synthesis and characterization of semi‐alicyclic transparent polyimide films containing benzanilide and fluorene units with improved high‐temperature dimensional stability and low‐optical retardations
Authors: Ren Xi , He Zhibin , Wang Zhenzhong , Pan Zhen , Qi Yuexin , Han Shujun , Yu Haifeng , Liu Jingang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo solution‐processable semi‐alicyclic transparent polyimide (PI) films with improved high‐temperature dimensional stability and low‐optical retardations were prepared from the stereo‐isomeric alicyclic dianhydrides, 1S,2R,4S,5R‐hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride (ccHPMDA) and 1R,2S,4S,5R‐hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride (ctHPMDA) and an aromatic diamine, 9,9‐bis[4‐(4‐aminobenzamide)phenyl]fluorene (FDAADA), respectively. The alicyclic cyclohexane units in the dianhydride moiety endowed the derived PI‐1 (ccHPMDA‐FDAADA) and PI‐2 (ctHPMDA‐FDAADA) films good optical transparency, the rigid‐rod benzanilide units provided the PI films low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), and the fluorene units resulted in good solution processability and low‐optical retardations (Rth) for the PI films. The PI films exhibited the glass transition temperatures over 400°C and the CTE value of 33.2 × 10−6/K for PI‐1 and 29.0 × 10−6/K for PI‐2 in the temperature range of 50 ~ 250°C, respectively. In addition, the PI films showed good optical transparency in the ultraviolet–visible light region with the optical transmittances higher than 80% for PI‐1 film at the wavelength of 500 nm. The PI films exhibited the average refractive indices of 1.6505 for PI‐1 and 1.6485 for PI‐2 film, respectively. The birefringence values of the PI films were all lower than 0.01, resulting in the low‐optical anisotropies with the optical retardation (Rth) of 77 nm for PI‐1 film and 84 nm for PI‐2 film.
Long‐term and fast‐bactericidal activity of methacrylamide‐based copolymer for antibiofilm coatings and antibacterial wipes applications
Authors: Prajapati Deepak G. , Mishra Abhijit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBacterial‐related infections can be hazardous for human health and the surrounding environment. Traditional antibiotic‐based treatments for these infections are increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptide mimics have emerged as promising replacements owing to their potency against bacteria and lack of susceptibility to generate resistant cells. Thus, we synthesized a random copolymer, consisting of aminopropyl methacrylamide and benzyl methacrylamide (AB polymer) by random co‐polymerization that mimics host–defense antimicrobial peptides. For its use as a coating, the AB polymer is drop‐casted onto a cleaned glass substrate and tested for its antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, wherein almost 99% of antibacterial activity was observed within 5 min. The prepared coating also possessed excellent longevity characteristics of up to 5 weeks. The AB polymer is also able to inhibit biofilm formation as well as disrupt a mature biofilm and can also be employed as an antibacterial wipe for cleaning bacterial contaminated surfaces. Mechanism study through SEM analysis showed that the AB polymer ruptures the bilayer membrane of both bacterial strains, thereby leading to pore formation causing cell death. Cell viability study depicted that 71% of the A549 lung carcinoma epithelial cells are viable compared to 80% on bare glass substrate. Thus, the synthesized AB polymer may be used in a variety of antibacterial applications directly in the form of solution (wipes) or forming a coating (drop casted/spray coated) for battling bacterial colonization.
Pre‐ and post‐examination reflections of first‐year medical students in an integrated medical anatomy course
Authors: Cale Andrew S. , Hoffman Leslie A. , McNulty Margaret A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the rigor and pace of undergraduate medical anatomy courses, it is not uncommon for students to struggle and fail initially. However, repetition of coursework places an additional burden on the student, instructor, and institution. The purpose of this study was to compare the exam preparation strategies of repeating and non‐repeating students to identify areas where struggling students can be supported prior to course failure. As part of their integrated anatomy course, first‐year medical students at Indiana University completed a metacognitive Practice‐Based Learning and Improvement (PBLI) assignment prior to and after their first exam. In the PBLIs, students were asked to reflect on their exam preparation strategies, confidence, and satisfaction, as well as their predicted and actual exam performance. PBLI responses from non‐repeating and repeating students were then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. A total of 1802 medical students were included in this study, including 1751 non‐repeating and 51 repeating students. Based on their PBLI responses, non‐repeating students were appropriately confident, somewhat satisfied, and more accurate when predicting their exam performance. Repeating students were overconfident, dissatisfied, and inaccurate when predicting their first exam performance on their initial, unsuccessful attempt but were more successful on their second, repeat attempt. Qualitative analysis revealed that repeating students aimed to improve their studying by modifying their existing study strategies and managing their time more effectively. In conjunction with other known risk factors, these insights into repeater and non‐repeater exam preparation practices can help anatomy educators better identify and support potential struggling students.
The effect of time ambiguity on choice depends on delay and amount magnitude
Authors: Ikink Iris , Roelofs Karin , Figner Bernd 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTime ambiguity—that is, having partially/fully incomplete information about when an outcome will occur—is common in everyday life. A recent study showed that participants preferred options with time‐exact delays over options with time‐ambiguous delays, a phenomenon they called time‐ambiguity aversion. However, the empirical robustness and boundaries of this phenomenon remain unexplored. We conducted three online studies: Study 2 (n = 118) was a replication of Study 1 (n = 76) using preregistered analyses; Study 3 (n = 202; preregistered) was a follow‐up study suggested during review. In Studies 1 and 2, participants completed hypothetical choices between €5 today versus later‐but‐larger (LL) rewards that systematically varied in their amount, delay, and time‐ambiguity level (e.g., for a 180 day delay, time ambiguity varied from 179 to 181 to 0–360 days). Effects of time ambiguity on choice were best encoded in an absolute, dose‐dependent manner and depended on delays and amounts: Increasing time ambiguity led to more time‐exact LL choices at shorter delays but more time‐ambiguous LL choices at longer delays. Additionally, time‐ambiguity ranges including today were chosen more frequently than ranges excluding today, akin to the present bias in intertemporal choice. Lastly, evidence suggested that more time ambiguity was preferred for smaller LL amounts yet disliked for larger LL amounts. Study 3 demonstrated that time‐risk and time‐ambiguity preferences are differentiable by giving participants choices involving hypothetical time‐exact, time‐ambiguous, and time‐risky options. Taken together, our results extend the nascent literature on time ambiguity by showing that (i) time‐ambiguity preferences are distinguishable from both time‐risk and delay preferences and (ii) time ambiguity is not generally aversive, but its impact depends on delay and amount magnitude.
Is Research Reproducibility the New Data Management for Libraries?
Authors: Vitale Cynthia R.H. 
Published: September 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYWith reproducibility of research becoming a leading issue in academia, libraries are examiningtheir role in promoting data and information transparency. The National Science Foundation's requirement for data management plans in research projects, grant applications stressing evidence of unbiased results and scholars' demands for standards for reproducibility together highlight the need for attention to the issue.Libraries increasingly seek staff with skills to support their data repositories, curation and data management services, and library and information science programs are responding to the growing need for specialization, including courses in research reproducibility. A ready solution may be for librarians to develop best practices for research transparency and methods to document research workflow. As the demand grows for evidence that research can be replicated, libraries are well positioned not only to manage research data properly but also to enable it to be analyzed for reproducibility.
Value of high‐resolution full‐field optical coherence tomography and dynamic cell imaging for one‐stop rapid diagnosis breast clinic
Authors: Simon Alexis , Badachi Yasmina , Ropers Jacques , Laurent Isaura , Dong Lida , Da Maia Elisabeth , Bourcier Agnès , Canlorbe Geoffroy , Uzan Catherine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFull‐field optical coherence tomography combined with dynamic cell imaging (D‐FFOCT) is a new, simple‐to‐use, nondestructive, quick technique that can provide sufficient spatial resolution to mimic histopathological analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate diagnostic performance of D‐FFOCT for one‐stop rapid diagnosis breast clinic.MethodsDynamic full‐field optical coherence tomography was applied to fresh, untreated breast and nodes biopsies. Four different readers (senior and junior radiologist, surgeon, and pathologist) analyzed the samples without knowing final histological diagnosis or American College of Radiology classification. The results were compared to conventional processing and staining (hematoxylin–eosin).ResultsA total of 217 biopsies were performed on 152 patients. There were 144 breast biopsies and 61 lymph nodes with 101 infiltrative cancers (49.27%), 99 benign lesions (48.29%), 3 ductal in situ carcinoma (1.46%), and 2 atypias (0.98%). The diagnostic performance results were as follow: sensitivity: 77% [0.7;0.82], specificity: 64% [0.58;0.71], PPV: 74% [0.68;0.78], and NPV: 75% [0.72;0.78]. A large image atlas was created as well as a diagnosis algorithm from the readers' experience.ConclusionWith 74% PPV and 75% NPV, D‐FFOCT is not yet ready to be used in clinical practice to identify breast cancer. This is mainly explained by the lack of experience and knowledge of this new technic by the four lectors. By training with the diagnosis algorithm and the image atlas, radiologists could have better outcomes allowing quick detection of breast cancer and lymph node involvement. Deep learning could also be used, and further investigation will follow.
The potential protective effect of liraglutide on valproic acid induced liver injury in rats: Targeting HMGB1/RAGE axis and RIPK3/MLKL mediated necroptosis
Authors: Atef Marwa Mohamed , Abou Hashish Nourhan A. , Hafez Yasser Mostafa , Selim Ahmed Fawzy , Ibrahim Hoda A. , Eltabaa Eman Fawzy , Rizk Fatma H. , Shalaby Amany Mohamed , Ezzat Nadia , Alabiad Mohamed Ali , Elshamy Amira M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractValproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used drug for management of epilepsy. Prolonged VPA administration increases the risk of hepatotoxicity. Liraglutide is a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist that act as a novel antidiabetic drug with broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study tested the protective effect of liraglutide against VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity elucidating the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Forty adult male rats were allocated in to four equally sized groups; Group I (control group) received oral distilled water and subcutaneous normal saline for 2 weeks followed by subcutaneous normal saline only for 2 weeks. Group II (liraglutide group) received subcutaneous liraglutide dissolved in normal saline daily for 4 weeks. Group III (valproic acid‐treated group) received sodium valproate dissolved in distilled water for 2 weeks. Group IV (Combined valproic acid & liraglutide treated group) received valproic acid plus liraglutide daily for 2 weeks which was continued for additional 2 weeks after valproic acid administration. The hepatic index was calculated. Serum AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP activities were estimated. Hepatic tissue homogenate MDA, GSH, SOD, HMGB1, MAPK, RIPK1, and RIPK3 levels were evaluated using ELISA. However, hepatic RAGE and MLKL messenger RNA expression levels using the QRT‐PCR technique. Hepatic NF‐κB and TNF‐α were detected immunohistochemically. Results proved that liraglutide coadministration significantly decreased liver enzymes, MDA, HMGB1, MAPK, RIPK1 RIPK3, RAGE, and MLKL with concomitant increased GSH and SOD in comparison to the correspondent values in VPA‐hepatotoxicity group. Conclusions: Liraglutide's protective effects against VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity are triggered by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis.
Thrombus or tumor?
Authors: Wakasa Shiho , Hayashi Hiroya , Yamazaki Takanori , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Fukuda Daiju 
Published: September 2023

Key clinical messageContrast defects in veins are often diagnosed as benign thrombi, but depending on the patient’s background it is necessary to differentiate between tumor thrombi. It is difficult to differentiate between these using contrast‐enhanced CT alone, but with angioscopy it is easy to visually distinguish between a benign and tumor thrombi.AbstractContrast‐enhanced computer tomography (CT) performed on a male patient being treated for de‐differentiated chondrosarcoma revealed contrast defects in the pulmonary artery and right femoral vein, and a diagnosis of pulmonary artery thromboembolism and venous thromboembolism was made, and oral anticoagulant therapy was started. However, a follow‐up CT showed that the contrast defect had extended to the inferior vena cava. Observation using an angioscope revealed that it was not a benign thrombi but a tumor.