bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights on the Sun Birth Environment in the Context of Star Cluster Formation in Hub–Filament Systems
Authors: Arzoumanian Doris , Arakawa Sota , Kobayashi Masato I. N. , Iwasaki Kazunari , Fukuda Kohei , Mori Shoji , Hirai Yutaka , Kunitomo Masanobu , Kumar M. S. Nanda , Kokubo Eiichiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cylindrical molecular filaments are observed to be the main sites of Sunlike star formation, while massive stars form in dense hubs at the junction of multiple filaments. The role of hub–filament configurations has not been discussed yet in relation to the birth environment of the solar system and to infer the origin of isotopic ratios of short-lived radionuclides (SLR, such as 26Al) of calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) observed in meteorites. In this work, we present simple analytical estimates of the impact of stellar feedback on the young solar system forming along a filament of a hub–filament system. We find that the host filament can shield the young solar system from stellar feedback, both during the formation and evolution of stars (stellar outflow, wind, and radiation) and at the end of their lives (supernovae). We show that a young solar system formed along a dense filament can be enriched with supernova ejecta (e.g., 26Al) during the formation timescale of CAIs. We also propose that the streamers recently observed around protostars may be channeling the SLR-rich material onto the young solar system. We conclude that considering hub–filament configurations as the birth environment of the Sun is important when deriving theoretical models explaining the observed properties of the solar system.
JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05–014350.4
Authors: Calissendorff Per , De Furio Matthew , Meyer Michael , Albert Loïc , Aganze Christian , Ali-Dib Mohamad , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Baron Frederique , Beichman Charles A. , Burgasser Adam J. , Cushing Michael C. , Faherty Jacqueline Kelly , Fontanive Clémence , Gelino Christopher R. , Gizis John E. , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Leggett Sandy K. , Martinache Frantz , Mary David , N’Diaye Mamadou , Pope Benjamin J. S. , Roellig Thomas , Sahlmann Johannes , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Thorngren Daniel Peter , Ygouf Marie , Vandal Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the discovery of the first brown dwarf binary system with a Y dwarf primary, WISE J033605.05−014350.4, observed with NIRCam on JWST with the F150W and F480M filters. We employed an empirical point-spread function binary model to identify the companion, located at a projected separation of 0.″084, position angle of 295°, and with contrasts of 2.8 and 1.8 mag in F150W and F480M, respectively. At a distance of 10 pc based on its Spitzer parallax, and assuming a random inclination distribution, the physical separation is approximately 1 au. Evolutionary models predict for that an age of 1–5 Gyr, the companion mass is about 4–12.5 Jupiter masses around the 7.5–20 Jupiter mass primary, corresponding to a companion-to-host mass fraction of q = 0.61 ± 0.05. Under the assumption of a Keplerian orbit the period for this extreme binary is in the range of 5–9 yr. The system joins a small but growing sample of ultracool dwarf binaries with effective temperatures of a few hundreds of Kelvin. Brown dwarf binaries lie at the nexus of importance for understanding the formation mechanisms of these elusive objects, as they allow us to investigate whether the companions formed as stars or as planets in a disk around the primary.
Three-dimensional Dynamics of Strongly Twisted Magnetar Magnetospheres: Kinking Flux Tubes and Global Eruptions
Authors: Mahlmann J. F. , Philippov A. A. , Mewes V. , Ripperda B. , Most E. R. , Sironi L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The origins of the various outbursts of hard X-rays from magnetars (highly magnetized neutron stars) are still unknown. We identify instabilities in relativistic magnetospheres that can explain a range of X-ray flare luminosities. Crustal surface motions can twist the magnetar magnetosphere by shifting the frozen-in footpoints of magnetic field lines in current-carrying flux bundles. Axisymmetric (2D) magnetospheres exhibit strong eruptive dynamics, i.e., catastrophic lateral instabilities triggered by a critical footpoint displacement of ψ
crit ≳ π. In contrast, our new three-dimensional (3D) twist models with finite surface extension capture important non-axisymmetric dynamics of twisted force-free flux bundles in dipolar magnetospheres. Besides the well-established global eruption resulting (as in 2D) from lateral instabilities, such 3D structures can develop helical, kink-like dynamics, and dissipate energy locally (confined eruptions). Up to 25% of the induced twist energy is dissipated and available to power X-ray flares in powerful global eruptions, with most of our models showing an energy release in the range of the most common X-ray outbursts, ≲1043 erg. Such events occur when significant energy builds up while deeply buried in the dipole magnetosphere. Less energetic outbursts likely precede powerful flares, due to intermittent instabilities and confined eruptions of a continuously twisting flux tube. Upon reaching a critical state, global eruptions produce the necessary Poynting-flux-dominated outflows required by models prescribing the fast radio burst production in the magnetar wind—for example, via relativistic magnetic reconnection or shocks.
Absence de reconnaissance d’un « sexe neutre » : la Cour européenne des droits l’Homme joue la carte de la prudence
Authors: Boisgontier Audrey 
Published: April 2023

Le 31 janvier 2023, la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme s’est prononcée sur la possibilité pour une personne intersexuée et non-binaire de demander à l’État français l’inscription de la mention « sexe neutre » sur son acte de naissance. S’appuyant sur des mécanismes classiques tels que l’existence ou non d’un consensus européen, le juge n’a pas constaté de violation de l’article 8 de la Convention, laissant ainsi le choix aux États parties de reconnaître ou non une alternative à la binarité des sexes dans leur manière d’identifier les individus. Cette solution s’inscrit dans la lignée habituelle de la jurisprudence de la Cour, où une marge d’appréciation élargie est accordée aux États lorsqu’il est question de « sujets de société » comme en l’espèce.
An assessment of training needs for accessing electronic resources among health professionals in Sri Lanka: a qualitative study
Authors: Sritharan T. 
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to assess the training needs for accessing electronic resources among health professionals in Sri Lanka. Thirty two (32) postgraduate medical trainees from 32 medical specialties who were attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine (PGIM) were selected as study population. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used as the research instrument. Thirty two (32) trainees were divided into four groups; each group consisted of eight (08) participants. Data was analyzed by using QDA Miner lite open software. The major themes and sub themes were developed from the FGDs with postgraduate medical trainees. Results revealed that postgraduate trainees need information primarily for the purpose of research and publications (78.5% or 22). They also added that they need information for their clinical practices (60.7% or 17) during their PG education. Moreover, almost 100% of the trainees agreed that they need information for writing literature reviews. Majority of the respondents (89.3%) claimed that they search the internet to obtain the required information in view of enhancing and updating their medical knowledge. Most of the respondents (n=16) said that they prefer electronic journals and internet resources because they felt that electronic resources are more convenient and up to date. Further the importance of Evidence Based Medicine and the need for systematic reviews were highlighted at the FGDs. Regarding the format of sources 78% of them preferred to read electronic resources. All the trainees highly impressed that they need training on information literacy skills especially in searching techniques. Almost all trainees accepted that they need professional training in accessing electronic resources. In each group very few trainees (25%) had attended once or twice in the library orientations and hands on workshops on accessing electronic information which were conducted by the PGIM library. From the results of the FGDs, it is concluded that all trainees expect a high skill training programme during their postgraduate medical education. Therefore, this study recommends a well-organized training program including basic computer skills and searching techniques for medical postgraduate trainees.
Comparison of the Effects of Special Care Enhanced Recovery and Conventional Recovery mEthods after Mini Omega Gastric Bypass
Authors: Mahmoudieh Mohsen , Kalidari Behrooz , Sayadi Shahraki Masoud , Mellali Hamid , Mirzaie Hamid , Salamati Majid 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Bariatric surgery is a surgical procedure for patients with extreme obesity. Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) is a method that provides special peri- and post-operation care. Here, we aimed to compare the effects of ERAS and standard recovery cares.

Materials and Methods:
This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2020-2021 in Isfahan on 108 candidates for mini gastric bypass. Patients were then randomly divided into two equal groups receiving ERAS and standard recovery protocols. Patients were examined and visited after one month regarding the average number of hospitalization days, the average days required to return to normal activity or work, occurrence of pulmonary thromboemboli (PTE) and the rate of readmission.

Results:
Patients that received ERAS had significantly lower frequencies of nausea and vomiting (P = 0.032). Patients that received ERAS had significantly lower hospitalization duration (P < 0.001) compared to controls. No other significant differences were observed between two groups regarding surgery complication, re-admission rate and occurrence of PTE (P > 0.99 for all).

Conclusion:
Patients that received ERAS protocol after gastric bypass had significantly lower hospitalization duration and lower incidence of nausea and vomiting. They also had similar post-operative outcomes compared to the standard protocol.
A Comparative Study on the Usefulness of Fractional CO2 and Fractional Er:YAG in Acne Scars: A Split-Face Trial
Authors: Mokhtari Fatemeh , Safavi Zahra , Faghihi Gita , Asilian Ali , Shahmoradi Zabihollah 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Acne is a dermatologic condition with a high burden in terms of psychosocial consequences as a result of scars remaining on the skin. Its effects are severe in adolescence and finding treatments with short therapy courses, superior results, and fewer adverse effects are of high importance.

Materials and Methods:
We included 30 individuals with acne vulgaris scars in Al-Zahra academic training hospital from June 2018 to Jan 2019. Each individual received both fractional CO2 and fractional Er:YAG lasers on right and left sides of the face, respectively. Three sessions of laser treatment were applied to each side with one-month intervals. Results were evaluated by patients according to subjective satisfaction and physicians' assessment and photo evaluation by two blinded dermatologists. Improvement was graded by a quartile grading scale: less than 25%: mild, 25% to 50%: moderate, 51% to 75%: good, and 76% to 100%: excellent response. Assessments were obtained at baseline and one month after the last visit.

Results:
Based on subjective satisfaction (p < 0.05) and physicians' assessment (p < 0.01), fractional CO2 laser was significantly more effective than Erbium:YAG laser. Also, Post-treatment side effects were mild and transient in both groups.

Conclusion:
Laser therapies are common in the treatment of scars and each modality has special advantages and disadvantages. Choosing among them should be based on various criteria. Fractional CO2 lasers have been revealed favorable results in most reports. Large comprehensive trials could help experts in choosing among alternatives for different subgroups.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Movahedi Minoo , Khanjani Somayeh , Shahshahan Zahra , Hajihashemi Maryam , Farahbod Farinaz , Shahsavandi Elaheh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the association between pregnancy-related plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels measured in the first trimester and pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed in 2019--2021 on 1061 pregnant women in their first trimester. Demographic and basic information of all women were collected. These data included age, weight, parity, and date of delivery. Then the quantity of PAPP-A was recorded in three groups including less than 0.5 MOM, 0.5 to 2.5 MOM, and more than 2.5 MOM.

Results:
Data of 1061 women were analyzed. 900 women (84.8%) had term delivery and 155 women (14.6%) had pre-term deliveries. PAPP-A levels were normal in 83.4% of women. BMI and number of pregnancies had significant relationships with PAPP-A (p < 0.001, P = 0.03 respectively). The mean BMI in mothers with PAPP-A higher than 2.5 was significantly more than mothers with normal or lower PAPP-A levels (26.2 ± 31, P = 0.04). The frequency of term labor in mothers with normal PAPP-A was higher than other mothers (86.3%, P = 0.04). The frequency of preeclampsia in recent pregnancies in mothers with normal PAPP-A was significantly lower than other mothers (p < 0.001) and the frequency of abortions in recent pregnancies in mothers with PAPP-A less than 0.5 was significantly higher than mothers with normal or elevated PAPP-A (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Mothers with low PAPP-A levels are more likely to have poor pregnancy outcomes such as abortion, pre-term labor, and preeclampsia.
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aquatic Exercises on Muscle Strength in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study
Authors: Esmailiyan Mehrnoosh , Marandi Seyed Mohamad , Darvishi Maryam , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh , Amerizadeh Atefeh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Cerebral palsy in children is considered a non-progressive brain injury due to abnormal brain development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aquatic exercises on muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy.

Materials and Methods:
This study was performed on three boys with cerebral palsy with a mean age of 6.5 years. In this research, a single case study method with A1-B-A2 design has been used. After determining the position of the baseline, the intervention began and during 24 sessions of individual intervention, aquatic exercises were presented to the subjects and all three subjects were followed up for 2 consecutive weeks and one month after the end of the intervention. The strength of the flexor muscles of the arms and legs was measured by a power track dynamometer made by JTECK with a threshold of 4.4 N.

Results:
Based on the indicators of descriptive statistics and visual analysis, the intervention was effective for all three participants in muscle strength, and the strength of individuals after the intervention has improved compared to the baseline stage (percentage). Information overlap for the first and second participant in the strength of right thigh flexors was 75% and for the third participant was 100%. The strength of the upper and lower torso muscles improved after the end of the training compared to the basic stage.

Conclusion:
Aquatic exercises can increase the strength of children with cerebral palsy and provide a favorable environment for children with cerebral palsy.
Clinical Study between Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Release and Open Classic Surgery in Treating Multiple Trigger Fingers
Authors: Yavari Masoud , Modaresi Seyed Masoud , Hassanpour Seyed Esmail , Moosavizadeh Seyed Mehdi , Tabrizi Ali 
Published: April 2023

Background:
A trigger finger is recognized as the most common hand tendinopathies that reduce functional ability. The present study compares the clinical outcomes of open classic release surgery with ultrasound-guided percutaneous surgery in cases of multiple finger involvement.

Materials and Methods:
A cohort study has been performed from March 2019 to December 2020 by participating 34 trigger finger patients with multiple involvements. These patients were treated using classical open release and ultrasound-guided percutaneous release methods and both methods were compared in patients. The pain severity and functional ability obtained from the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (Quick-DASH) test scores were compared.

Results:
The pain intensity in the classical open surgery patients was not significantly different from the ultrasound-guided group, and a one-month follow-up showed that the pain intensity in the ultrasound-guided patients was significantly less than in the other group (P = 0.02). Besides, no significant difference was observed between the functional abilities before and after the one-month follow-up. Indeed, the two groups had the same situations. Also, the recovery time in the ultrasound-guided percutaneous release group was significantly faster than in the other group. These cases had statistical differences as P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively. The surgical release was 100% successful in both groups. The patients' satisfaction rates in the ultrasound-guided and open classic surgery treatment methods were 94.1 and 76.4%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Classical open release and ultrasound-guided percutaneous surgery could successfully treat multiple trigger fingers. However, ultrasound-guided percutaneous surgery provided faster recovery and less pain intensity than the other method.
Characteristics and outcome of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Raykar Priyadarshini Shivaram , Banur Anup , Mahanthappa Gururaj , Ajith Eti , Bondade Kushal , Angadi Siddharth , Jith Jisna 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema are few of fatal complications noted in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Various studies have shown prevalence of pneumothorax ranging between 1% and 2% in COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials and methods:
A total of 10 inpatients admitted with COVID-19 disease confirmed by RT-PCR test who developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema during hospital stay by sequential sampling method were included in the study. Demographic data, duration of hospital stay, underlying comorbidities, predisposing factors, radiographic characteristics, and mode of oxygen delivery were collected and analyzed.

Results:
In our study, mean age group of patient who developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema was 39.8 years. Male to female ratio was 9:1. Mean time duration of onset of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema from the day of hospitalization was 17.3 (8–30) days. Nine patients were on NIV (non-invasive ventilation) while one patient was on NRBM. Right sided involvement was noted in five patients, three had left sided involvement, and two patients had bilateral pneumothorax. Five patients had pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema along with pneumothorax. All patients received antivirals (Inj. Remdesivir), systemic steroids along with other supportive treatment. Except for one patient, all patients who developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema succumbed. All patients’ chest radiograph was consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. One patient had pulmonary cyst on Computerized Tomography (CT) thorax which was done post intercostal drainage of pneumothorax. Mean time of death after development of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema was 4.3 days. Comorbidities observed were bronchial asthma, obesity, and status post Caesarian section.

Conclusion:
Development of pulmonary barotrauma in COVID-19 patients is associated with high mortality. Presence of pulmonary cyst, prexisting bronchial asthma, obesity, systemic steroids are possible poor determinants.
Aborto Legal e Seguro para meninas brasileiras em tempos de barbárie: um diálogo com Debora Diniz
Authors: Boiteux Luciana 
Published: April 2023

O texto de Debora Diniz intitulado: “A casa de uma menina: estupro, aborto e a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil” nos traz reflexões essenciais e sensíveis sobre o conhecido caso da menina de dez anos do Espírito Santo que engravidou vítima de um estupro de vulnerável (art. 217-A do Código Penal),[1] praticado por um parente dentro de casa e sua via-crúcis para ter acesso ao aborto legal e seguro. Em especial diante do conjunto de experiências terríveis que ela teve que passar até finalmente conseguir realizá-lo em um serviço localizado a mais de 1.480 km de sua casa. Isso garantiu a dignidade, o direito à vida e a um futuro, depois desse acesso ter-lhe sido negado no hospital universitário de seu estado sob a justificativa de “recusa consciente” pelos médicos.

[1] O crime de estupro de vulnerável, previsto no artigo 217-A do Código Penal prevê como crime: “Ter conjunção carnal ou praticar outro ato libidinoso com menor de 14 (catorze) anos”, ou seja, presume a violência nesses casos.
Implementasi Kontrol Lup Tertutup Multi Point Pada Pengatur Temperatur Oven Panggangan Roti
Authors: Parulian Sahat , Pangaribuan Timbang , Simamora Alfredo 
Published: April 2023

A designed temperature control system is a multi-channel closed lup control system. This design controls 2 objects at once, namely 2 separate toaster plants with different temperature sets. The output system controls 2 heaters on-off. Feedback comes from each LM35 temperature sensor that reads the temperature of each oven. Setpoin is given through input i.e. potentiometer with the value of each setpoin so that it allows to differ from each other. To program the work of the system used the C programming language with AVR code as a compiler. The circuit is equipped with an LCD display so that it can facilitate the setting setting. As a result, the system has been successfully assembled and tested with satisfactory results although there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses. The test results provide data on the performance of the tool to the time response and temperature stability.
Chlormethine Gel (Ledaga)
Authors: Reimbursement Team  
Published: April 2023

CADTH recommends that Ledaga should not be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of stage IA and IB mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (MF-CTCL) in adult patients who have received prior skin-directed therapy.
Although evidence from a clinical trial found that Ledaga was not inferior to chlormethine ointment, chlormethine ointment is not used in Canada. There was no evidence to show whether Ledaga works better than or similar to treatments for MF-CTCL that are currently used in Canada.
There is an unmet need for treatments with fewer side effects, but it remains unknown whether Ledaga has fewer side effects compared with other treatments for MF-CTCL used in Canada.