bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence at what cost? How graduate engineering students consider the costs of persistence within attrition considerations
Authors: Sallai Gabriella M. , Bahnson Matthew , Shanachilubwa Kanembe , Berdanier Catherine G. P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile previous work in higher education documents the impact of high tuition costs of attending graduate school as a key motivator in attrition decisions, in engineering, most graduate students are fully funded on research fellowships, indicating there are different issues causing individuals to consider departure. There has been little work characterizing nonfinancial costs for students in engineering graduate programs and the impact these costs may have on persistence or attrition.Purpose/HypothesisFramed through the lens of cost as a component of the expectancy–value theory framework and the graduate attrition decisions (GrAD) model conceptual framework specific to engineering attrition, the purpose of this article is to characterize the costs engineering graduate students associate with attending graduate school and document how costs affect students' decisions to persist or depart.Design/MethodData were collected through semistructured interviews with 42 engineering graduate students from R1 engineering doctoral programs across the United States who have considered, are currently considering, or have chosen to depart from their engineering PhD programs with a master's degree.ResultsIn addition to time and money, which are costs previously captured in research, participants identified costs to life balance, costs to well‐being, and identify‐informed opportunity costs framed in terms of what “could have been” if they had chosen to not go to graduate school. As these costs relate to persistence, students primarily identified their expended effort and already‐incurred costs as the primary motivator for persistence, rather than any expected benefits of a graduate degree.ConclusionThe findings of this work expand the cost component of the GrAD model conceptual framework, providing a deeper understanding of the costs that graduate students relate to their persistence in engineering graduate programs. It evidences that motivation to persist may not be due to particularly strong goals but may result from costs already incurred. Through this research, the scholarly community, students, advisors, and university policymakers can better understand the needs of engineering graduate students as they navigate graduate study.
Prophylaxis with low dose tranexamic acid in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Bønløkke Søren Thorgaard , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Ommen Hans Beier , Eriksen Christian Fenger , Hvas Anne‐Mette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carry a high risk of serious bleeding complications due to severe thrombocytopenia for long periods of time during treatment. Prior to prophylactic platelet transfusion becoming the standard of care, intracranial bleeding was a major contributor to death in AML patients. However, despite prophylactic platelet transfusions, up to 79% of patients with AML experience clinically significant bleeding during treatment. Antifibrinolytics are effective and well tolerated hemostatic agents widely used in many patient groups, and in this study, we investigated the effect of low dose tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with AML and thrombocytopenia. We compared bleeding and thrombosis between 113 thrombocytopenic AML patients receiving TXA 500 mg three times daily (n = 36) versus no‐TXA (n = 77). Clinical information was obtained systematically from electronic medical records, and laboratory data were collected from the laboratory information system. No difference was demonstrated in number of patients with at least one bleeding episode (TXA: 89% vs. no‐TXA: 93%, p = 0.60), median number of bleeding days (TXA: 2.5 days vs. no‐TXA 2.0 days, p = 0.30), bleeding location or transfusion needs between the two groups. However, platelet count was found to be a significant risk factor for bleeding, with a probability of bleeding of 35% with a platelet count below 5 × 109/L (logistic regression, p < 0.01). We found no difference in thromboembolic events between the two groups (TXA: 8% vs. no‐TXA 10%, p = 0.99). In conclusion, treatment with low dose TXA is safe, but we found no evidence to suggest that it reduces bleeding in AML patients with thrombocytopenia.
Völkerpsychologie as a field science: José Miguel de Barandiarán and Basque ethnology
Authors: Anduaga Aitor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJosé Miguel de Barandiarán considered the central figure of Basque anthropology, played a prominent role in the Basque people's cultural rescue (material and spiritual). His dual status as an ethnologist and priest prepared him to study collective mentalities and rural societies. However, the scientific approach of the Völkerpsychologie (roughly translated as ethnic psychology), as proposed by Wilhelm Wundt, greatly influenced him and aroused broad interests of ethnological and sociological–religious concerns. This essay examines the scope and depth of Wundt's influence on Barandiarán, and suggests that, by combining the techniques of folklore with those of ethnography, Barandiarán stamped Basque anthropology with a unique defining quality in Europe.
Probabilistic assessment of concurrent tornado and storm‐related flash flood events
Authors: Ngui Yeu Deck , Najafi Mohammad Reza , de Souza Camila , Sills David M. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe concurrent occurrence of extreme events can significantly impact societies and infrastructure systems, especially when the instructions provided to the exposed communities demand conflicting responses. In this study, a probabilistic assessment of concurrent tornado and storm‐related flash flood (TORFF) events is performed across southern Canada. We quantify the interdependencies between tornadoes and flash floods (extreme precipitation as proxy) using ground‐based and reanalysis datasets. Windspeed values corresponding to tornado events, categorized based on the recorded Fujita rating, are derived through a resampling approach. The TORFF events are clustered and the corresponding bivariate probability distributions of the resampled windspeed and associated precipitation are characterized based on Copula framework. The individual and joint return periods of concurrent tornadoes and flash floods are then assessed under the AND (when both variables exceed predefined thresholds), OR (when either one of the two variables exceeds predefined thresholds), and conditional hazard scenarios across Canada. Results show positive strong dependencies between resampled windspeed and associated precipitation in Saskatchewan, and weaker dependencies followed by Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. The Saskatchewan region shows the highest risk underestimation considering the independence scenario compared to the other regions. Higher precipitation is also expected during extreme windspeed, as observed in the conditional assessment of precipitation given windspeed. This study provides insights for more robust recurrence interval estimation for tornadoes and flash floods to aid in emergency planning of evacuation decision‐making process.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant radiation for trunk and extremity soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Tortorello Gabriella N. , Sharon Cimarron E. , Ma Kevin L. , Perry Nikhita , Shabason Jacob E. , Maki Robert G. , Miura John T. , Karakousis Giorgos C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionMany patients with high‐risk soft tissue sarcoma (STS) develop distant metastases. Meta‐analyses suggest that chemotherapy confers a small survival benefit, though few studies focus on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). There has been more frequent use of neoadjuvant radiation therapy (NRT) in STS, but the utility of NCT for these patients remains unclear.MethodsPatients with stage II−III trunk/extremity STS who underwent NRT and resection were identified using the National Cancer Database (2006−2019). Predictors of NCT were analyzed using logistic regression. Change in rate of NCT use over time was assessed using log‐linear regression modeling. Survival was examined using Kaplan−Meier (KM) and Cox proportional hazard modeling.ResultsOf 5740 patients, 25% underwent NCT. The overall median age was 62, 55% of patients were male, and 67% had stage III disease. The most common histological subtypes were fibrosarcoma/myxofibrosarcoma (39%) and liposarcoma (16%). Use of NCT decreased by 4.0% per year throughout the study period (p < 0.01). Predictors of NCT included younger age (median 54, IQR 42−64 vs. median 65, IQR 53−75, p < 0.01), treatment at an academic center (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, p < 0.01), and stage III disease (OR 2.2, p < 0.01). Histologic predictors of NCT included synovial sarcoma (52%) and angiosarcoma (45%). With a median follow‐up time of 77 months, NCT was associated with improved 5‐year survival compared to NRT alone on KM analysis (70% vs. 63%, p < 0.01). This difference persisted on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.86, p = 0.027) and after propensity matching (70% vs. 65%, p = 0.0064).ConclusionDespite risk of distant failure in high‐risk STS, use of NCT has decreased over time in patients receiving NRT. In this retrospective analysis, NCT was associated with a modestly improved overall survival.
A simple ion chromatography‐mass spectrometry method for amino acid analysis in beer
Authors: Schmitt Matthias , Fillsack Florian , Seubert Andreas 
Published: May 2023

The amino acid footprint of different beer samples was analyzed using ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A tailor‐made polymer‐based cation‐exchange resin was operated with a mass spectrometry‐compatible eluent under isocratic conditions on a standard high‐performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer using formic acid as a volatile eluent ion source. The partially separated peaks of the isomeric pair isoleucine/leucine were processed according to their area response ratio using vertical peak splitting or Gaussian fit. Additionally, the chromatographic resolution of the isomers was optimized with an adjusted, solely aqueous mobile phase from 0.85 to 2.92. Ion suppression in the electrospray ion source was investigated for the derivatization‐free method and found to be insignificant (recovery value 100 ± 15%) for 15 out of the 20 analytes. Quantitative results for various beer and mixed‐beer beverages were found to be in high agreement with existing methods. Simultaneous photometric detection demonstrated the method's ability to successfully remove most of the interfering matrix compounds.
Van der Waals Materials for Applications in Nanophotonics
Authors: Zotev Panaiot G. , Wang Yue , Andres‐Penares Daniel , Severs‐Millard Toby , Randerson Sam , Hu Xuerong , Sortino Luca , Louca Charalambos , Brotons‐Gisbert Mauro , Huq Tahiyat , Vezzoli Stefano , Sapienza Riccardo , Krauss Thomas F. , Gerardot Brian D. , Tartakovskii Alexander I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerous optical phenomena and applications have been enabled by nanophotonic structures. Their current fabrication from high refractive index dielectrics, such as silicon (Si) or gallium phosphide (GaP), pose restricting fabrication challenges while metals, relying on plasmons and thus exhibiting high ohmic losses, limit the achievable applications. An emerging class of layered, so‐called van der Waals (vdW), crystals is presented as a viable nanophotonics platform in this work. The dielectric response of 11 mechanically exfoliated thin‐film (20–200 nm) vdW crystals is extracted, revealing high refractive indices up to n = 5, pronounced birefringence up to Δn = 3, sharp absorption resonances, and a range of transparency windows from ultraviolet to near‐infrared. Nanoantennas are subsequently fabricated on silicon dioxide (SiO2) and gold, utilizing the compatibility of vdW thin films with a variety of substrates. Pronounced Mie resonances are observed due to the high refractive index contrast on SiO2, leading to a strong exciton‐photon coupling regime as well as largely unexplored high‐quality‐factor, hybrid Mie‐plasmon modes on gold. Additional vdW‐material‐specific degrees of freedom in fabrication are further demonstrated by realizing nanoantennas from stacked twisted crystalline thin‐films, enabling control of nonlinear optical properties, and post‐fabrication nanostructure transfer, important for nano‐optics with sensitive materials.
Pixelated NIR–VIS Spectral Routers Based on 2D Mie‐Type Metagratings
Authors: Shao Yifan , Guo Shuhan , Chen Rui , Dang Yongdi , Zhou Yi , Wang Yubo , Zhan Junjie , Yu Jiaqi , Ju Bing‐Feng , Ma Yungui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe out‐of‐band energy loss caused by in‐built color filters significantly degrades the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the dynamic range of conventional image sensors, which has restricted the attempt to develop ultrahigh‐density imaging devices by merely shrinking the pixel size. This issue will be more serious for security cameras, which need to collect both visible (VIS) and near‐infrared (NIR) light. The existing solutions mostly explore complex photonic nanostructures, which are often too complicated for production. In this work, a pixelated spectral router is demonstrated utilizing a 2D Si3N4 Mie‐type metagrating that can spatially divide NIR (850 nm) and VIS (400–700 nm) light to different pixels at high efficiencies. It has a minimum feature size larger than 360 nm, highly promising for massive production. Compared with the traditional filter design, this router can gain ≈42% and ≈30% signal enhancement for NIR and VIS bands, respectively. It is shown that it also has good polarization insensitivity and incident angle tolerance. The NIR–VIS simultaneous imaging is inspected without any complex reconstruction algorithm. Mode analysis indicates that the periodic interference of multipolar scattered fields caused by this metagrating provides the necessary degrees of freedom to spatially optimize the routing functions for broadband photons.
Let me take a #selfie #variety: How consumer selfie affects variety seeking
Authors: Jeong Haeyoung , Wang Chen , Suri Rajneesh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiven the proliferation of digital cameras on smartphones, selfies have become ubiquitous in consumers' daily lives, and many companies have employed consumer selfies in their marketing campaigns. However, research on selfies in the domain of consumer behavior is still lacking. This research investigates how consumer selfies, namely, self‐portrait photos featuring consumer faces and products, influence consumers' variety seeking. Through field, online, and laboratory studies and a content analysis of Instagram data, we show that if people will take a consumer selfie with the products they are going to purchase, their self‐presentational concern is heightened, which, in turn, increases their variety seeking in product choices. However, we also find that the consumer selfie effect on variety seeking diminishes when people will take a group (vs. an individual) consumer selfie. Finally, we also show that individual differences in self‐consciousness moderate the consumer selfie effect on variety seeking.
Defining Clinical Meaningfulness in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Hamilton Jamie L. , Mills James A. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Long Jeffrey D. , Fuller Rebecca L.M. , Sathe Swati , Roché Matt , Sampaio Cristina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMinimal clinically important difference (MCID) represents the smallest within‐person change on an outcome measure considered meaningful to the patient. Anchor‐based MCID methods evaluate the relationship between changes in an outcome measure and the patient‐reported clinical importance of that change.ObjectiveThis study aims to estimate longitudinal MCID for clinically relevant outcome measures for individuals who have Stages 2 or 3 disease as measured by the Huntington's Disease Integrated Staging System (HD‐ISS).MethodsData were drawn from Enroll‐HD, a large global longitudinal, observational study and clinical research platform for HD family members. We analyzed HD participants (N = 11,070) by staging group using time frames ranging from 12 to 36 months. The anchor was the physical component summary score of the 12‐item short‐form health survey. HD‐relevant motor, cognitive, and functional outcome measures were independent, external criterion outcomes. Complex analysis was conducted using multiple, independent, linear mixed effect regression models with decomposition to calculate MCID for each external criterion by group.ResultsMCID estimates varied by progression stage. MCID estimates increased as stage progression increased and as the time frame increased. MCID values for key HD measures are provided. For example, starting in HD‐ISS stage 2, meaningful group change over 24 months equals an average increase of 3.6 or more points on the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Total Motor Score.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine MCID estimation thresholds for HD. The results can be used to improve clinical interpretation of study outcomes and enable treatment recommendations to support clinical decision‐making and clinical trial methodology. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Low Specificity of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaires: Need for Better Screening Methods
Authors: Stefani Ambra , Serradell Monica , Holzknecht Evi , Gaig Carles , Ibrahim Abubaker , Marrero Paula , Cesari Matteo , Pérez‐Carbonell Laura , Brandauer Elisabeth , Fernández‐Arcos Ana , Bergmann Melanie , Matos Nuria , Santamaria Joan , Högl Birgit , Iranzo Alex ,   for the Sleep Innsbruck Barcelona (SINBAR) group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCorrect diagnosis of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is critical due to its link to α‐synucleinopathies and risk of injuries and requires video‐polysomnography (V‐PSG). Usefulness of screening questionnaires outside the context of validation studies is limited.ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the performance of three validated RBD screening questionnaires compared with gold‐standard V‐PSG.MethodsIn this bicentric prospective study, 400 consecutive subjects referred to a sleep center for the first time filled three RBD questionnaires (RBD Screening Questionnaire, RBD Single Question, and Innsbruck RBD Inventory) in random order before sleep experts' interview. Subjects positive for at least one questionnaire were invited to undergo V‐PSG. Data from patients negative for all questionnaires undergoing V‐PSG for other reasons were also evaluated. Questionnaire performances were compared to gold‐standard V‐PSG RBD diagnosis.ResultsThree hundred ninety‐nine patients (median age: 51 [interquartile range: 37–64] years, 54.9% men) participated. Two hundred thirty‐eight (59.6%) were positive for at least one questionnaire, and RBD was diagnosed using V‐PSG in 30 patients (7.5%). Questionnaire specificity was 48.1% to 67.4%, sensitivity 80% to 92%, accuracy 51% to 68.3%, negative predictive value 94.2% to 98%, and positive predictive value 14.1% to 20.7%, with no relevant differences in performances among the evaluated questionnaires.ConclusionsRBD questionnaires have low specificity and low positive predictive value and should not be used as a standalone tool for the diagnosis of RBD. Further development of RBD screening methods is needed, particularly for upcoming neuroprotective trials. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
CAG Repeat Expansion in THAP11 Is Associated with a Novel Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Tan Dandan , Wei Cuijie , Chen Zhao , Huang Yu , Deng Jianwen , Li Jingjing , Liu Yidan , Bao Xinhua , Xu Jin , Hu Zhengmao , Wang Suxia , Fan Yanbin , Jiang Yizheng , Wu Ye , Wu Yuan , Wang Shuang , Liu Panyan , Zhang Yuehua , Yang Zhixian , Jiang Yuwu , Zhang Hong , Hong Daojun , Zhong Nanbert , Jiang Hong , Xiong Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMore than 50 loci are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), and the most frequent subtypes share nucleotide repeats expansion, especially CAG expansion.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to confirm a novel SCA subtype caused by CAG expansion.MethodsWe performed long‐read whole‐genome sequencing combined with linkage analysis in a five‐generation Chinese family, and the finding was validated in another pedigree. The three‐dimensional structure and function of THAP11 mutant protein were predicted. Polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity of THAP11 gene with CAG expansion was assessed in skin fibroblasts of patients, human embryonic kidney 293 and Neuro‐2a cells.ResultsWe identified THAP11 as the novel causative SCA gene with CAG repeats ranging from 45 to 100 in patients with ataxia and from 20 to 38 in healthy control subjects. Among the patients, the number of CAA interruptions within CAG repeats was decreased to 3 (up to 5–6 in controls), whereas the number of 3′ pure CAG repeats was up to 32 to 87 (4–16 in controls), suggesting that the toxicity of polyQ protein was length dependent on the pure CAG repeats. Intracellular aggregates were observed in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients. THAP11 polyQ protein was more intensely distributed in the cytoplasm of cultured skin fibroblasts from patients, which was replicated with in vitro cultured neuro‐2a transfected with 54 or 100 CAG repeats.ConclusionsThis study identified a novel SCA subtype caused by intragenic CAG repeat expansion in THAP11 with intracellular aggregation of THAP11 polyQ protein. Our findings extended the spectrum of polyQ diseases and offered a new perspective in understanding polyQ‐mediated toxic aggregation. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.