bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood trajectories of internalising and externalising problems associated with a polygenic risk score for neuroticism in a UK birth cohort study
Authors: Costantini Ilaria , Sallis Hannah , Tilling Kate , Major‐Smith Daniel , Pearson Rebecca M. , Kounali Daphne‐Zacharenia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroticism represents a personality disposition towards experiencing negative emotions more frequently and intensely. Longitudinal studies suggest that neuroticism increases risk of several psychological problems. Improved understanding of how this trait manifests in early life could help inform preventative strategies in those liable to neuroticism.MethodsThis study explored how a polygenic risk score for neuroticism (NEU PRS) is expressed from infancy to late childhood across various psychological outcomes using multivariable linear and ordinal regression models. In addition, we employed a three‐level mixed‐effect model to characterise child internalising and externalising trajectories and estimate how a child PRS associated with both their overall levels and rates of change in 5279 children aged 3–11 in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.ResultsWe found evidence that the NEU PRS was associated with a more emotionally sensitive temperament in early infancy in addition to higher emotional and behavioural problems and a higher risk of meeting diagnostic criteria for a variety of clinical disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, in childhood. The NEU PRS was associated with overall levels of internalising and externalising trajectories, with a larger magnitude of association on the internalising trajectory. The PRS was also associated with slower rates of reduction of internalising problems across childhood.ConclusionsOur findings using a large, well‐characterised birth cohort study suggest that phenotypic manifestations of a PRS for adult neuroticism can be detected as early as in infancy and that this PRS associates with several mental health problems and differences in emotional trajectories across childhood.
Synthesis of novel amide/amino acid functionalized pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives; their anticancer activity and docking studies
Authors: Bhukya Bhadru , Korra Rajashekar , Guguloth Hanmanthu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractimageA series of novel pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine amide/amino acid functionalized derivatives 5a–h, 6a–d, and 7a, 7b were synthesized, respectively, from 6‐thiophenyl‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐amine 1. Compound 1 reacted with chloroacetamide in the presence of K2CO3 to form compound 2 (O‐tagged acetamide derivative), compound 2 on reaction with hydrazine hydrate in refluxing condition to afford cyclized pyrazolopyridine derivatives 3, compound 3 on reaction with bromoethyl acetate to get ester derivative of pyrazolopyridine 4, compound 4 on reaction with different primary amines and amino acids like (aliphatic amines, cyclic secondary amines, or L‐amino acids) under different set of conditions to obtain title compounds. All the final synthesized compounds 5a–h, 6a–d, and 7a, 7b were screened for anticancer activity against four cancer cell lines, such as ‘A549—Lung cancer (CCL‐185), MCF7—Breast cancer (HTB‐22), DU145—Prostate cancer (HTB‐81), and HeLa—Cervical cancer(CCL‐2)’ promising 5c, 5e, and 5h compounds have been identified. For compounds 5c, 5e, and 5h molecular docking interactions have been identified.
Assessing the impact of phyllosphere microbiota on dynamics of in‐silo fermentation of Italian ryegrass harvested at heading and blooming stages
Authors: Wang Siran , Wang Yuxin , Li Junfeng , Dong Zhihao , Zhao Jie , Nazar Mudasir , Kaka Niaz Ali , Shao Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the phyllosphere microbiota of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) harvested at heading (H) [> 50% earing rate or 216 g kg−1 fresh weight (FW)] and blooming (B) (> 50% bloom or 254 g kg−1 FW) stages and in‐silo fermentation products, and the composition, abundance, diversity and activity of bacterial community. In total, 72 (4 treatments × 6 ensiling durations × 3 replicates) laboratory scale (400 g) silages of Italian ryegrass were prepared: (i) irradiated heading stage silages (IRH) (n = 36) were inoculated with phyllosphere microbiota inoculum (2 mL) eluted from fresh Italian ryegrass at either heading (IH) (n = 18) or blooming (IB) (n = 18) stages; (ii) irradiated blooming stage silages (IRB) (n = 36) were inoculated with either IH (n = 18) or IB (n = 18). Triplicate silos of each treatment were analyzed after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of ensiling.RESULTSIn fresh forage, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium and Pantoea were the three major genera at heading stage, and Rhizobium, Weissella and Lactococcus were the most abundant genera at blooming stage. Higher metabolic activity was found in IB. After 3 days of ensiling, the large amounts of lactic acid in IRH‐IB and IRB‐IB can be attributed to the higher abundances of Pediococcus and Lactobacillus, 1‐phosphofructokinase, fructokinase, l‐lactate dehydrogenase and glycolysis I, II and III.CONCLUSIONThe composition, abundance, diversity and functionality of the phyllosphere microbiota of Italian ryegrass at different growth stages could remarkably affect silage fermentation characteristics. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Slanted TiO2 Metagratings for Large‐Angle, High‐Efficiency Anomalous Refraction in the Visible
Authors: Liu Yilin , Qu Geyang , Jiang Xiong , Han Jing , Ji Ziheng , Liu Zhengtong , Song Qinghai , Yu Shaohua , Xiao Shumin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiffractive gratings are crucial elements for optical systems but suffer from rapid power drop at large angles. Recently, metagratings have shown their capability of deflecting light in an arbitrary direction. However, the experimental efficiency at large‐angle is still low and the zeroth‐order crosstalk is difficult to suppress. Here a new approach for large‐angle and high‐efficiency anomalous refraction in the visible spectrum is demonstrated. By introducing out‐of‐plane asymmetry, it is shown that meta‐atoms with simple configurations have similar degrees of freedom as their topologically optimized counterparts. Consequently, the slanted titanium dioxide (TiO2) metagratings can steer light to 80° with high relative efficiency (98.5%) and absolute efficiency (89.5%), which represents the ratio of the energy in target diffraction order to the total transmittance energy and to the total incident energy, respectively. Most importantly, the simple configurations make the TiO2 metagratings easy to fabricate, and the experimental efficiency for large (80°) angle of refraction is preserved at a considerably high value of 94.0% (relative) and 83.6% (absolute). This approach represents an effective route in meta‐devices and shall trigger new classes of high‐performance nanophotonic systems.
Peptide Self‐Assembly into Amyloid Fibrils at Hard and Soft Interfaces—From Corona Formation to Membrane Activity
Authors: John Torsten , Martin Lisandra L. , Abel Bernd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeptides and proteins are exposed to a variety of interfaces in a physiological environment, such as cell membranes, protein nanoparticles (NPs), or viruses. These interfaces have a significant impact on the interaction, self‐assembly, and aggregation mechanisms of biomolecular systems. Peptide self‐assembly, particularly amyloid fibril formation, is associated with a wide range of functions; however, there is a link with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. This review highlights how interfaces affect peptide structure and the kinetics of aggregation leading to fibril formation. In nature, many surfaces are nanostructures, such as liposomes, viruses, or synthetic NPs. Once exposed to a biological medium, nanostructures are coated with a corona, which then determines their activity. Both accelerating and inhibiting effects on peptide self‐assembly have been observed. When amyloid peptides adsorb to a surface, they typically concentrate locally, which promotes aggregation into insoluble fibrils. Starting from a combined experimental and theoretical approach, models that allow for a better understanding of peptide self‐assembly near hard and soft matter interfaces are introduced and reviewed. Research results from recent years are presented and relationships between biological interfaces, such as membranes and viruses, and amyloid fibril formation are proposed.
A combined non‐enhanced CT radiomics and clinical variable machine learning model for differentiating benign and malignant sub‐centimeter pulmonary solid nodules
Authors: Lin Rui‐Yu , Zheng Yi‐Neng , Lv Fa‐Jin , Fu Bin‐Jie , Li Wang‐Jia , Liang Zhang‐Rui , Chu Zhi‐Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadiomics has been used to predict pulmonary nodule (PN) malignancy. However, most of the studies focused on pulmonary ground‐glass nodules. The use of computed tomography (CT) radiomics in pulmonary solid nodules, particularly sub‐centimeter solid nodules, is rare.PurposeThis study aims to develop a radiomics model based on non‐enhanced CT images that can distinguish between benign and malignant sub‐centimeter pulmonary solid nodules (SPSNs, <1 cm).MethodsThe clinical and CT data of 180 SPSNs confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. All SPSNs were divided into two groups: training set (n = 144) and testing set (n = 36). From non‐enhanced chest CT images, over 1000 radiomics features were extracted. Radiomics feature selection was performed using the analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The selected radiomics features were fed into a support vector machine (SVM) to develop a radiomics model. The clinical and CT characteristics were used to develop a clinical model. Associating non‐enhanced CT radiomics features with clinical factors were used to develop a combined model using SVM. The performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe radiomics model performed well in distinguishing between benign and malignant SPSNs, with an AUC of 0.913 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.862–0.954) in the training set and an AUC of 0.877 (95% CI, 0.817–0.924) in the testing set. The combined model outperformed the clinical and radiomics models with an AUC of 0.940 (95% CI, 0.906–0.969) in the training set and an AUC of 0.903 (95% CI, 0.857–0.944) in the testing set.ConclusionsRadiomics features based on non‐enhanced CT images can be used to differentiate SPSNs. The combined model, which included radiomics and clinical factors, had the best discrimination power between benign and malignant SPSNs.
Preimplantation embryo gene expression: 56 years of discovery, and counting
Authors: Latham Keith E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe biology of preimplantation embryo gene expression began 56 years ago with studies of the effects of protein synthesis inhibition and discovery of changes in embryo metabolism and related enzyme activities. The field accelerated rapidly with the emergence of embryo culture systems and progressively evolving methodologies that have allowed early questions to be re‐addressed in new ways and in greater detail, leading to deeper understanding and progressively more targeted studies to discover ever more fine details. The advent of technologies for assisted reproduction, preimplantation genetic testing, stem cell manipulations, artificial gametes, and genetic manipulation, particularly in experimental animal models and livestock species, has further elevated the desire to understand preimplantation development in greater detail. The questions that drove enquiry from the earliest years of the field remain drivers of enquiry today. Our understanding of the crucial roles of oocyte‐expressed RNA and proteins in early embryos, temporal patterns of embryonic gene expression, and mechanisms controlling embryonic gene expression has increased exponentially over the past five and a half decades as new analytical methods emerged. This review combines early and recent discoveries on gene regulation and expression in mature oocytes and preimplantation stage embryos to provide a comprehensive understanding of preimplantation embryo biology and to anticipate exciting future advances that will build upon and extend what has been discovered so far.
A novel hydro‐mechanical coupled multiphysics model for slurry penetration in sand with application to face stability analysis of shield tunnel
Authors: Yang Jie , Yin Zhen‐Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe slurry penetration in tunnels driven by the slurry TBM in the highly permeable water‐bearing ground is a complicated multiphysics process, which significantly affects the stability of the excavation face but has not been fully modelled. This study establishes a novel hydro‐mechanical coupled multiphysics modelling approach for face stability analysis. Different from existing methods, the proposed one is able to quantify simultaneously the spatial and temporal variation of slurry concentration, viscosity, stagnation gradient, soil porosity and pore pressure, as well as the soil skeleton deformation induced by the transferred slurry pressure in two or three‐dimension. The spatial and temporal pressure transfer from slurry suspension to soil skeleton during slurry penetration can be obtained. The coupled formulations are implemented into a finite element package for initial and boundary value problems at the engineering scale and enhanced by the Petrov‐Galerkin weighted residual stabilisation technique. After being validated through the experimental slurry infiltration tests, it is applied to a field case analysis to predict the excess pore pressure in front of the tunnel face, which shows good agreement with the field measurement. The efficiency of the applied slurry pressure and the pressure transfer mechanism are thus verified. Comparative calculations about the influence of the pressure transfer model are presented to further improve the understanding of the pressure transfer mechanism. The proposed approach is also verified applicable to estimate the optimum slurry pressure.
Effects of body composition on early postoperative discharge and postoperative complications in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Okada Genya , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Habu Daiki , Matsuda Yasunori , Lee Shigeru , Osugi Harushi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with esophageal cancer are prone to nutrition deterioration during the perioperative period and have a high incidence of postoperative complications, prolonging hospitalization. Decreased muscle mass is a known contributor to this deterioration, but there is insufficient evidence on the effects of preoperative maintenance and improvement of muscle mass. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between body composition, early postoperative discharge, and postoperative complications in patients with esophageal cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into an early discharge group and a control group, who were discharged ≤21 days postoperatively and >21 days, respectively. The relationship of body composition to postoperative complications and discharge time in patients was evaluated via multivariate logistic regression using isotemporal substitution (IS) models.ResultsThe early discharge group comprised 31 of the 117 patients (26%) included. This group had significantly lower incidences of sarcopenia and postoperative complications than the control group. In logistic regression analyses estimating the effect of changes in body composition using the IS models, preoperative replacement of 1 kg of body fat with 1 kg of muscle mass was associated with significantly higher odds of early discharge (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03–1.59) and lower odds of postoperative complications (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66–0.98).ConclusionIn patients with esophageal cancer, a preoperative increase in muscle mass may reduce postoperative complications and hospital stay duration.
Factors associated with the moral courage of nurses in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Huang Mingtao , Dong Wenhong , Zhao Qianqian , Mo Nan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to assess the level of moral courage among nurses in China, and to explore related influential factors, to help nursing managers take measures to improve nurses' moral courage.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe data adopted a convenient sampling method. From September to December 2021, 583 nurses from five hospitals in Fujian Province completed the Chinese version of the Nurses' Moral Courage Scale (NMCS). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square test, T‐test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe Chinese nurses perceived themselves, on average, as morally courageous. The mean NMCS score was 3.64 ± 0.692. The six factors showed statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) with moral courage. Regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing nurses' moral courage were active learning of ethics knowledge and nursing was a career goal.ConclusionThis study provides the self‐evaluation level and related influencing factors of Chinese nurses' moral courage. There is no doubt that nurses still need strong moral courage to face unknown ethical problems and challenges in the future. Nursing managers should pay attention to the cultivation of nurses' moral courage, using various forms of educational activities to help nurses alleviate moral problems and improve their moral courage, to maintain patients' access to high‐quality nursing.
Management of unspecified anxiety disorder: Expert consensus
Authors: Sakurai Hitoshi , Inada Ken , Aoki Yumi , Takeshima Masahiro , Ie Kenya , Kise Morito , Yoshida Eriko , Tsuboi Takashi , Yamada Hisashi , Hori Hikaru , Inada Yasushi , Shimizu Eiji , Mishima Kazuo , Watanabe Koichiro , Takaesu Yoshikazu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTreatment guidelines with respect to unspecified anxiety disorder have not been published. The aim of this study was to develop a consensus among field experts on the management of unspecified anxiety disorder.MethodsExperts were asked to evaluate treatment choices based on eight clinical questions concerning unspecified anxiety disorder using a nine‐point Likert scale (1 = “disagree” to 9 = “agree”). According to the responses from 119 experts, the choices were categorized into first‐, second‐, and third‐line recommendations.ResultsBenzodiazepine anxiolytic use was not categorized as a first‐line recommendation for the primary treatment of unspecified anxiety disorder, whereas multiple nonpharmacological treatment strategies, including coping strategies (7.9 ± 1.4), psychoeducation for anxiety (7.9 ± 1.4), lifestyle changes (7.8 ± 1.5), and relaxation techniques (7.4 ± 1.8), were categorized as first‐line recommendations. Various treatment strategies were categorized as first‐line recommendations when a benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug did not improve anxiety symptoms, that is, differential diagnosis (8.2 ± 1.4), psychoeducation for anxiety (8.0 ± 1.5), coping strategies (7.8 ± 1.5), lifestyle changes (7.8 ± 1.5), relaxation techniques (7.2 ± 1.9), and switching to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (7.0 ± 1.8). These strategies were also highly endorsed when tapering the dosage of or discontinuing benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs. There was no first‐line recommendation regarding excusable reasons for continuing benzodiazepine anxiolytics.ConclusionsThe field experts recommend that benzodiazepine anxiolytics should not be used as a first‐line option for patients with unspecified anxiety disorder. Instead, several nonpharmacological interventions and switching to SSRIs were endorsed for the primary treatment of unspecified anxiety disorder and as alternatives to benzodiazepine anxiolytics.
A durable and environmental friendly superhydrophobic coatings with self‐cleaning, anti‐fouling performance for liquid‐food residue reduction
Authors: Sun Yingchun , Liu Ru , Xu Jianfeng , Sun Yuhui , Gong Jingya , Long Ling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA durable and environmentally‐friendly superhydrophobic coatings for liquid‐food residue reduction were prepared by using stearic acid (SA) modified organic montmorillonite (SA@OMMT) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Due to the natural hydrophobicity of SAs, SA@OMMT provides low surface energy as well as roughness for the coating. PDMS not only provided low surface energy in the coating but also contributed to the bonding of SA@OMMT as a result of its high adhesive properties. In addition, PDMS has good physical properties after curing, which can effectively improve the physical properties and durability of a superhydrophobic coating by the self‐assembly method using a PDMS/n‐hexane solution. For 1 wt.% SA@OMMT and 5 wt.% PDMS, the resulting SA@OMMT/PDMS (SOP) coating showed the water contact angle (WCA) and water sliding angle (WSA) of 156.3°and 2°, respectively. The prepared coatings have good physical and chemical stability, and they still have superhydrophobicity after physical abrasion tests and exposure to the corrosion solutions. In the meanwhile, the prepared coating also has flexibility and superhydrophobicity after bending and folding. Finally, the coating surface shows highly effective antifouling ability to liquid and solid pollutants. The coating can be applied against different substrates and has potential application in the field of liquid‐food residue reduction.
Double‐sided nano‐textured surfaces for industry compatible high‐performance silicon heterojunction and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Harter Angelika , Mariotti Silvia , Korte Lars , Schlatmann Rutger , Albrecht Steve , Stannowski Bernd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNano‐textured surfaces are an intriguing approach for optimizing the optical characteristics for monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Here, the development of different textures of silicon surfaces using various commercial additives is presented and their performance in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) and SHJ–perovskite tandem solar cells is discussed. After optical and electrical characterization, we show that nano‐textured surfaces can easily compete with standard textured surfaces, yielding higher average efficiencies in single junctions. In addition, their compatibility with solution‐processed perovskite top cells is demonstrated, yielding a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell efficiency of >28% on a bottom cell with nano‐texture on both sides.