bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to T1 slope: spinopelvic balance and thoracic compensation
Authors: Liu Chengxin , Li Xiangyu , Shi Bin , Lu Shibao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective.
To identify factors associated with T1 slope (T1S).
Methods.
A total of 215 patients over 18 years old who underwent whole-spine X-rays to evaluate lower back pain were enrolled in this study. T1S, pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), cervical lordosis (CL), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured. Patients were divided into balance, compensatory balance, thoracic compensation, and thoracic decompensation groups.
Results.
TK (p < 0.001), SVA (p < 0.001), and CL (p = 0.020) were significantly related to high T1S. The balance group had the smallest PT, largest SS and largest LL of the four groups (p < 0.001). The thoracic compensation group had the smallest TK of all groups (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in T1S between the balance and thoracic compensation groups (p = 0.099). The thoracic decompensation group had a larger T1S than the balance group (p = 0.023).
Conclusions.
Caudal spine segments had a sequential effect on cranial spine segments. T1S reflected the compensation ability of the spine. The absence of balance tended to increase the T1S. Pelvic posterior rotation and thoracic compensation were two crucial factors protecting against increased T1S in patients with ASD.
Predictors for surgical site infection after fasciotomy in patients with acute leg compartment syndrome
Authors: Yang Shuo , Long Yubin , Wang Tao , Hou Zhiyong , Guo Junfei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications of orthopedic surgery, which can result in fever, pain, and even life-threatening sepsis. This study aimed to determine the predictors of SSI after fasciotomy in patients with acute leg compartment syndrome (ALCS).
Methods: We collected information on ALCS patients who underwent fasciotomy in two hospitals between November 2013 and January 2021. Patients with SSI were considered as the SSI group and those without SSI as the non-SSI group. Univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate patient demographics, comorbidities, and admission laboratory examinations.
Results: In our research, the rate of SSI (26 of 125) was 20.8%. Several predictors of SSI were found using univariate analysis, including body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.001), patients with open fractures (p = 0.003), and patients with a history of smoking (p = 0.004). Besides, the levels of neutrophil (NEU) (p = 0.022), glucose (p = 0.041), globulin (GLOB) (p = 0.010), and total carbon dioxide (TCO2) were higher in the SSI group than in the non-SSI group. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, patients with open fractures (p = 0.023, OR = 3.714), patients with a history of smoking (p = 0.010, OR = 4.185), and patients with a higher BMI (p = 0.014, OR = 1.209) were related predictors of SSI. ROC curve analysis indicated 24.69 kg/m2 as the cut-off value of BMI to predict SSI. Furthermore, the combination of BMI, smoking history, and open fractures had the greatest diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions: Our results revealed open fractures, BMI, and smoking history as independent risk factors for SSI following fasciotomy in patients with ALCS and determined the cut-off value of BMI, enabling us to individualize the evaluation of the risk for SSI to implement early targeted treatments.
Overcoming Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles Mosquitoes by Using Faster-acting Solid Forms of Deltamethrin
Authors: Carson Jessica , Erriah Bryan , Herodotou Stephanie , Shtukenberg Alexander , Smith Leilani , Ryazanskaya Svetlana , Ward Michael D. , Kahr Bart , Lees Rosemary 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Controlling malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes with pyrethroid insecticides is becoming increasingly challenging because of widespread resistance amongst vector populations. The development of new insecticides and insecticidal formulations is time consuming and costly, however. A more active crystalline form of deltamethrin, prepared by heating the commercial crystalline form, previously was reported to be 12-times faster acting against susceptible North American Anopheles quadrimaculatusmosquitoes. Herein we investigate whether heat-activated deltamethrin dispersed on chalk can overcome various resistance mechanisms amongst five West African Anophelesstrains and evaluate its long-term sustained lethality.
Methods: The more active deltamethrin form was generated in a commercial dust containing deltamethrin by heating the material as purchased. Tarsal contact bioassays were conducted to investigate its efficacy, potency, and speed of action against resistant Anophelespopulations compared to the commercially available form of deltamethrin dust.
Results: In all cases, D-Fense Dust heated to generate the more active form of deltamethrin was substantially more effective than the commercially available formulation. 100% of both Banfora and Kisumu populations were knocked down 10 minutes post-exposure with no recovery afterwards. Gaoua-ara and Tiefora strains exhibited 100% knockdown within 15 minutes, and the VK7 2014 strain exhibited 100% knockdown within 20 minutes. In all cases, 100% mortality was observed 24 hours post-exposure. Conversely, the commercial formulation (unheated) resulted in less than 4% mortality amongst VK7, Banfora, and Gaoua-ara populations by 24 hours, and Tiefora and Kisumu mosquitoes experienced 14 and 47% mortality by 24 hours, respectively. The heat-activated dust maintained comparable efficacy 6 months after heating.
Conclusions: The heat-activated form of commercial deltamethrin D-Fense Dust outperformed the material as purchased, dramatically increasing efficacy against all tested pyrethroid-resistant strains. This increase in lethality was retained for six months of storage under ambient conditions in the laboratory. Higher energy forms of commonly used insecticides may be employed to overcome various resistance mechanisms seen in African Anopheles mosquitoes through more rapid uptake of insecticide molecules from their respective solid surfaces. That is, resistant mosquitoes can be killed with an insecticide to which they are resistant without altering the molecular composition of the insecticide.
Advancements in rock block volume calculation by analytical method for geological engineering applications
Authors: Koulibaly Aboubacar Sidiki , Shahbazi Alireza , Saeidi Ali , Rouleau Alain , Quirion Marco , Chesnaux Romain 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The shape, the volume, and the distribution of the rock blocks represent important geomechanical factors of a rock mass behavior in engineering works. Several methods have been developed for estimating these parameters, including numerical models, as well as analytical and empirical methods. However, their determination in actual in-situ conditions can be quite challenging. The existing analytical methods show limitations in determining the in-situ rock blocks volume. Numerical models provide more reliable estimates of these parameters, but they are not accessible to all, and they require a good working knowledge. Increasing the accuracy of existing analytical methods, or developing more reliable and accessible methods, are more realistic approaches to obtain better estimates of rock block volumes. This paper presents a new method to obtain more accurate estimates of in-situ rock block volume. The method is developed for rock a mass consisting of three persistent joint sets, each set having constant spacing and orientation values. It is based on vector products to obtain exact block volumes, an improvement as compared to previous methods. The volumes of the rock blocks are calculated through the multiplication of the blocks’ edge vector. The results of the developed equation are validated with the output of numerical simulations using 3DEC version 7.0 software, and the results indicate that the developed method makes it possible to determine in-situ rock block volume more reliably than the existing methods.
Real Wave Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Ewins Ron 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Real Wave Quantum Mechanics (RWQM) shows that quantum wave functions can arise naturally from the interaction of acoustic waves in an underlying medium, provided these exhibit a small degree of nonlinearity characterized by a dimensionless number, α. Small vortices called Field Rotators (FRs) containing angular momentum can form where there is a correlation between the phase of incoming waves and their direction of arrival. Interaction between FRs arranged in grids in a stochastic wave field can lead to self-sustaining structures which can be interpreted as charged leptons. FRs within the structures are described by their phase, amplitude and spin, thus mapping onto the wave functions of quantum mechanics. Calculations of small stationary state models in 1, 2 and 3 dimensions agree well with Schrödinger wave functions, except that the phases of neighbouring FRs alternate by π radians, a fact which is shown to be essential to the agreement and leads to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Stable structures have internal phase variation not predicted by the Schrödinger equation, which is associated with internal energy flow and is lost when taking ψ∗ψ. It is hypothesized that orbital ’motion’ is a similar energy flow. Motion of whole structures through the medium leads directly to Special Relativity. The theory illuminates many ’difficult’ features of Quantum Mechanics. Quantitative confirmation of the theory is computationally difficult because of the huge number of interactions involved.
Help! I need somebody: Help-seeking among workers with work-related mental disorders
Authors: Rutherford Kara , Hiseler Lara , O’Hagan Fergal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Purpose: Worker mental health has emerged as one of the most significant challenges in contemporary workplaces. Knowing what intervention is effective is important to help workers adapt to mental health problems but connecting workers to helpful resources is just as important and perhaps more of a challenge. With the multiple stakeholders involved, mental health problems arising in the workplace poses specific challenges to help-seeking. The present study sought to understand the personal and contextual influences on help-seeking among workers with work-related mental health problems.
Methods: A qualitative methodology was employed utilizing purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured interviews with individuals (n=12) from various occupational backgrounds who had experienced a work-related (self-declared) mental health injury. Interpretative phenomenological analysis and thematic content analysis were combined to analyze the data.
Results: Three main themes emerged including: 1) self-preservation through injury concealment and distancing themselves from workplace stressors to minimize/avoid internal and external stigma, 2) fatigue relating to complex help-seeking pathways, accumulation of stressors, eroding the worker’s ability to make decisions regarding supports, and 3) (mis)trust in the people and processes involving dual relationships with help providers and the workplace and trust in peer referrals and networks for help.
Conclusions: Findings suggest the need to educate workplace parties such as supervisors on mental health and pathways to help, simplifying pathways to service and removing barriers to help seeking including stigmatizing behaviours. Future quantitative and intervention research on workplace mental health should integrate pathways to help into models and frameworks.
SpO2/FIO2 ratio 3 days after treatment with tocilizumab is a prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kurosawa Yusuke , Kozu Yutaka , Soda Kaori , Itoda Yasunori , Furusho Naho , Ozoe Ryosuke , Jinno Yusuke , Nomoto Masayuki , Hirata Akifumi , Hoshi Mamiko , Yamada Shiho , Nishizawa Tsukasa , Sugaya Kenichi , Shikano Sotaro , Hayashi Kentaro , Hiranuma Hisato , Shimizu Tetsuo , Takayama Tadateru , Chin Kazuo , Gon Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background:
Tocilizumab is considered a critical treatment for severe COVID-19. Thus far, there are no established means of predicting outcomes of administering tocilizumab. Our goal was to determine the factors that predict the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 receiving tocilizumab.
Methods:
All patients admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to July 2021 who had received tocilizumab for COVID-19 were retrospectively identified from hospital charts. We identified 92 patients who were eligible for this observational cohort study. We assessed age, dyspnoea, number of comorbidities, history of cancer, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin. We also analysed the relationship between mortality and oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FIO2) and ratio of oxygen concentration to respiratory rate (ROX index). We assessed these data using the Cox proportional hazard and ROC curve models.
Results:
Survivors (n = 56; mean age 65 years) were younger than those who died (n = 36; mean age 78 years). According to multivariable analysis, multiple comorbidities, history of cancer, CURB-65 score, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and lactate dehydrogenase were all greater in those who died than in those who survived. There were no significant differences in dyspnoea and total bilirubin. The SpO2/FIO2 ratio 3 days after treatment with tocilizumab was strongly associated with subsequent mortality. According to multivariate analysis, of the variables analysed, only the SpO2/FIO2 ratio 3 days after treatment with tocilizumab was significantly associated with mortality rate (p = 0.029; hazard ratio = 0.987, 95% confidence interval 0.977–0.997).
Conclusions:
The SpO2/FIO2 ratio 3 days after treatment with tocilizumab is a useful prognostic indicator in patients with COVID-19. Our findings indicate that aggressive respiratory therapy and/or additional treatment should be instigated when the SpO2/FIO2 ratio has not improved 3 days after treatment with tocilizumab.
Surgical Apgar Score can Accurately Predict Post-Operative Complication Following Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Kyaruzi Victor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) describes a feasible and objective tool for predicting surgical outcomes. However, the accuracy and applicability of the score has not been widely tested in majority of low resource settings.
Objective
To determine the accuracy of Surgical Apgar Score in predicting post-operative complications among patients undergoing emergency laparotomy at Muhimbili National Hospital.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted for a period of 12 months; SAS and CCI outcomes were recorded and analyzed according to the risk level and degree of severity. Spearman correlation and simple linear regression were employed to establish the relationship between SAS and CCI, the Accuracy of SAS was evaluated by determining its discriminatory capacity on ROC, data normality was tested by Shapiro-Wilk statistic 0.929 (p < 0.001) .Analysis was done using IBM –SPSS.
Results
Among 111 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy, 71 (64%) were male, the mean age was 49 (± 17). The mean SAS was 4.86 (± 1.29) and mean CCI 44.46 (± 25.77), patients in high-risk group SAS (0–4) were more likely to develop severe and life threatening complications with mean CCI 53.3 (47. 2- 63.4, 95% CI) than the low risk group SAS (7–10) mean CCI of 21.0 (5.3–36.2, 95% CI). There was a negative correlation between SAS and CCI, spearman r -0.575 (p < 0.001) and regression coefficient b − 11.5 (p < 0.001). SAS revealed a good accuracy for prediction of post-operative complication on ROC, Area under Curve 0.712 (0.523–0.902, 95% CI, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
We have demonstrated that SAS can accurately predict the occurrence of complications following emergency laparotomy at Muhimbili National Hospital.
The edible tomato COVID-19 vaccine, TOMAVAC, induces neutralising IgGs
Authors: Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim , Buriev Zabardast , Shermatov Shukhrat , Usmanov Dilshod , Mirzakhmedov Mukhammadjon , Ubaydullaeva Khurshida , Kamburova Venera , Rakhmanov Bakhtiyor , Ayubov Mirzakamol , Abdullaev Adkham , Eshmurzaev Jakhongir , Mamajonov Behzod , Tulanov Akmal , Ismailova Adolat , Petrova Tatyana , Rozumbetov Ramazan , Aripova Tamara , Muminov Muzaffar , Ermatova Khusnora , Dalimova Dilbar , Turdikulova Shahlo , Abdukarimov Abdusattor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Plant-based edible vaccines that provide two-layered protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outweigh the currently used parenteral type of vaccines, predominantly causing a systemic immune response. Here we engineered and selected the transgenic tomato genotype (TOMOVAC), stably synthesising an antigenic S1 protein of SARS-COV-2. Two-course spaced force-feeding of mice with ≈5.4 µg/ml TOMAVAC increased up to 16-fold synthesis of RBD-specific NAbs in blood serums. TOMAVAC-induced NAbs had 15-25% viral neutralising activity in a surrogate virus neutralisation test. Results suggested early evidence of immunogenicity and protectivity of TOMAVAC against COVID-19 infection. Further, we observed a positive trend of statistically significant 1.2-fold (average of +42.28 BAU/ml) weekly increase in NAbs in the volunteers’ serum relative to the initial day. No severe side effects were observed, supporting the safety of TOMAVAC. TOMAVAC should be a cost-effective, ecologically friendly, and widely-applicable novel-generation COVID-19 vaccine, providing two-layered protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Toxicity of natural and organic insecticidal products to greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera)
Authors: Kumari Shalika , Sood A.K. , Sharma P.K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lethal toxicity of six natural and organic insecticidal products namely, Darekastra, Dashparni, fermented buttermilk, fermented cow urine, Tamarlassi and vermiwash to second instar nymphs of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum was evaluated using leaf dip method of bioassay. The insecticidal products evaluated at six concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 40.00% proved to be progressively more lethal to second instar nymphs with an increase in concentration resulting in mortality varying from 1.67 to 7.33% and 43.33 to 62.96 at concentrations of 1.25 and 40.00%, respectively. Tamarlassi proved most toxic against the nymphs. The order of toxicity was Tamarlassi = fermented buttermilk ≥ fermented cow urine ≥ Dashparni ≥ Darekastra ≥ vermiwash.
A Novel Switched Hybrid-Voltage Doubler High Gain DC-DC Converter
for Renewable Energy Applications
Authors: Siva Asapu , Vanitha Rajendran 
Published: January 2023

Background:
In renewable energy system applications, the power converter is essential
for transferring energy into the load centre. The AC network voltage is much higher than the renewable
energy source voltage; therefore, a transformer is commonly used to step up the voltage. However,
the size and cost of the system are larger due to the presence of a bulky transformer, and also
the efficiency is deteriorated due to PWM voltage being applied to the transformer.

Objective:
To eliminate the requirement of the transformer, DC link voltage is boosted up to a higher
level using a high-gain converter. Various DC-DC converters have been proposed in recent studies;
however, the involvement of the active switches is high to produce higher voltage gain, which
reduces efficiency. In order to overcome this limitation, this particular paper proposes a novel
switched hybrid-voltage doubler high gain DC-DC converter, which helps to achieve higher gain
with a minimum number of components count compared to other reported converters. It also reduces
the device's stress, thereby increasing its efficiency.

Method:
This paper describes the detailed operational studies along with CCM and DCM modes.
The mathematical analysis under each operating state is reported in this paper. A detailed comparative
study on the performance merits of the proposed converter, along with other recently reported
converters, is presented.

Results:
Finally, the simulation results are presented to validate the operation of the proposed converter.
Furthermore, a 500 W laboratory setup is developed to verify the operation details and practical
feasibility of the converter through experimental results and presented in this paper.

Conclusion:
From the measured results, it is concluded that the proposed converter can play the
most promising role in the transmission phase in renewable energy system implementations since it
boosts the voltage to the adequate point as required by the system.
Factors Affecting the Successful Implementation of a Digital Intervention for Health Financing in a Low-Resource Setting at Scale: Semistructured Interview Study With Health Care Workers and Management Staff
Authors: Schuetze Leon , Srivastava Siddharth , Missenye Abdallah Mtiba , Rwezaula Elizeus Josephat , Stoermer Manfred , De Allegri Manuela 
Published: January 2023

Background
Digital interventions for health financing, if implemented at scale, have the potential to improve health system performance by reducing transaction costs and improving data-driven decision-making. However, many interventions never reach sustainability, and evidence on success factors for scale is scarce. The Insurance Management Information System (IMIS) is a digital intervention for health financing, designed to manage an insurance scheme and already implemented on a national scale in Tanzania. A previous study found that the IMIS claim function was poorly adopted by health care workers (HCWs), questioning its potential to enable strategic purchasing and succeed at scale.

Objective
This study aimed to understand why the adoption of the IMIS claim function by HCWs remained low in Tanzania and to assess implications for use at scale.

Methods
We conducted 21 semistructured interviews with HCWs and management staff in 4 districts where IMIS was first implemented. We sampled respondents by using a maximum variation strategy. We used the framework method for data analysis, applying a combination of inductive and deductive coding to organize codes in a socioecological model. Finally, we related emerging themes to a framework for digital health interventions for scale.

Results
Respondents appreciated IMIS’s intrinsic software characteristics and technical factors and acknowledged IMIS as a valuable tool to simplify claim management. Human factors, extrinsic ecosystem, and health care ecosystem were considered as barriers to widespread adoption.

Conclusions
Digital interventions for health financing, such as IMIS, may have the potential for scale if careful consideration is given to the environment in which they are placed. Without a sustainable health financing environment, sufficient infrastructure, and human capacity, they cannot unfold their full potential to improve health financing functions and ultimately contribute to universal health coverage.