bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well-being of artisanal fishing communities and children’s engagement in fisheries amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a case in Aklan, Philippines
Authors: Maliao Ronald J. , Fernandez Pepito R. , Subade Rodelio F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study describes and explains the multifaceted effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic and psychosocial well-being of the artisanal fishing communities in Central Philippines. The state of child labour and their education amidst the COVID-19 lockdown were also explored. Four hundred artisanal fishing households, with 792 children, from the 10 coastal municipalities in Aklan province were surveyed in May–December 2020 through face-to-face household interviews. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened poverty in these highly vulnerable fishing communities primarily through severe disruptions in their fishing and marine tourism-related livelihoods. The proportion of households living below the Philippine poverty threshold of PHP12,030 (USD232.7) monthly for a family of five members increased from 78% pre-COVID to 91% peri-COVID. This economic impoverishment was more pronounced in larger families with limited income, as in the survey sites, where 41% of the households have more than five family members. Furthermore, 57% of the surveyed households believed that learning difficulty increased by 81% among children due to the blended online education modality. Amidst increased impoverishment, child labour intensified, and children stopped schooling. A significant decline in happiness index peri-COVID was also observed in the study sites indicating extreme socio-economic challenges. Contrary to expectations, however, interpersonal relations in most households improved, underscoring women’s stabilising and nurturing role. This latter phenomenon signifies that cooperative and nurturing actor relationships can be generated even in a crisis. Policies that mainstreamed local communities’ reproductive health, family planning, and programmes that diversify socio-economic, environmental, and technological assets must be renewed and promoted. The goal is to holistically improve human well-being by increasing or sustaining stocks of these assets to promote resilience and sustainability amidst crisis and complexity.
Simple measurement of the pressure dependence of density for fatty acid esters
Authors: Yamawaki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2023

A simple variable-volume method using a polytetrafluoroethylene capsule as a sample cell was applied to measure the pressure dependence of liquid density (ρ). The method was applied to 2-ethylhexyl benzoate at 313, 333, and 353 K, and the reproducibility of its volume change was confirmed at pressures of up to 400 MPa. A correction term for the apparatus was also estimated. The uncertainty in the high-pressure ρ measurements was estimated to be ∼±1%. Using the developed method, the ρ values of methyl laurate at pressures of up to 400 MPa at 313 and 333 K, as well as those of methyl linoleate at pressures of up to 400 MPa at 313, 333, and 353 K, were measured. The results were in good agreement with the literature values in the low-pressure range. The proposed method enables the determination of the high-pressure ρ of liquids with greater ease than previously possible.
Gβγ
activates
PIP2
hydrolysis by recruiting and orienting
PLCβ
on the membrane surface
Authors: Falzone Maria E. , MacKinnon Roderick 
Published: May 2023

Phospholipase C-βs (PLCβs)
catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5–bisphosphate

(
P
I
P
2
)

into

inositoltriphosphate

(
IP3
)

and

diacylglycerol

(
DAG
)

.

P
I
P
2

regulates the activity of many membrane proteins, while
IP3
and
DAG
lead to increased intracellular Ca
2+
levels and activate protein kinase C, respectively.
PLCβs
are regulated by G protein–coupled receptors through direct interaction with

G
α

q

and

G
β
γ

and are aqueous-soluble enzymes that must bind to the cell membrane to act on their lipid substrate. This study addresses the mechanism by which

G
β
γ

activates
PLCβ
3. We show that
PLCβ
3 functions as a slow Michaelis–Menten enzyme (

k

cat

∼
2

s

-
1

,

K

M

∼
0.43

m
o
l
%

) on membrane surfaces. We used membrane partitioning experiments to study the solution-membrane localization equilibrium of
PLCβ
3. Its partition coefficient is such that only a small quantity of
PLCβ
3 exists in the membrane in the absence of

G
β
γ

. When

G
β
γ

is present, equilibrium binding on the membrane surface increases
PLCβ
3 in the membrane, increasing

V

max

in proportion. Atomic structures on membrane vesicle surfaces show that two

G
β
γ

anchor
PLCβ
3 with its catalytic site oriented toward the membrane surface. Taken together, the enzyme kinetic, membrane partitioning, and structural data show that

G
β
γ

activates

PLCβ

by increasing its concentration on the membrane surface and orienting its catalytic core to engage

P
I
P
2

. This principle of activation explains rapid stimulated catalysis with low background activity, which is essential to the biological processes mediated by

P
I
P
2

, IP3
, and
DAG
.
The variable use of first-person-singular subject forms during an
academic year abroad
Authors: Gudmestad Aarnes , Edmonds Amanda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The goal of the current study was to investigate
the variable use and development of first-person-singular subject
forms in additional-language Spanish before and at the end of an
academic year in Spain. Our data came from the LANGSNAP corpus (http://langsnap.soton.ac.uk). We examined oral
semi-guided interviews from 16 participants. We coded all contexts
of first-person-singular subject forms, either the personal pronoun
yo or an unexpressed subject
(K = 3,571), for 11 independent variables. Our
mixed-effects model showed that a range of linguistic factors
(polarity, clause type, referent continuity, and perseveration) and
individual characteristics (engagement with English and placement
type) impacted the variable use of first-person-singular subjects
and that the use of these subject forms changed over the course of
an academic year in Spain.
From the spatial ego to cognitive control
Authors: Leon Guerrero Sibylla , Luk Gigi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ellen Bialystok’s early work from 1976–1988 has
had a lasting influence on the fields of bilingualism and
linguistics. This chapter reviews her seminal work establishing
bilingualism as a cross-disciplinary area of study in 1976. It then
explores Bialystok’s language processing research of the 1980’s,
articulating two of her crucial, yet often overlooked achievements.
First, Bialystok’s early information processing models for
word-level representations set the stage for an explosion of
cognitive bilingualism research by identifying cognitive processes
involved in second language acquisition. Second, her work set a
precedent for understanding the spectrum of language experiences and
their complexities, providing essential insight into why even subtle
distinctions should be considered and reported when describing
bilinguals. Presciently, Bialystok’s early work anticipated current
understandings and future directions for bilingualism research,
making her sustained contributions to the area an invaluable asset
for continued exploration.
Bilingual cognitive differences within the context of
socioeconomic status
Authors: Brito Natalie H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates bilingualism and
cognitive skills, specifically memory, for infants and young
children. For the young developmental samples, memory is not a
unitary construct, but one that requires attention and cognitive
flexibility as they navigate through the complex environments around
them. Bilingualism, being a language and social experience, also
interacts with broader contexts, such as socioeconomic status (SES)
in some communities. In this chapter, I examine how exposure to
language(s) and SES is associated with broader memory generalization
during infancy. The unique and interacting contribution of
bilingualism and SES on cognition reveals the need to consider
multiple experiences in order to gain a realistic and more
comprehensive understanding of cognitive development.
Metalinguistic awareness in bilinguals
Authors: Friesen Deanna C. , Lamoureux Chastine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to outline Ellen
Bialystok’s contribution to our understanding of metalinguistic
awareness development. We start by describing both her work in the
field and her cognitive framework that outlines the components
(i.e., linguistic analysis & control) needed to successfully
perform metalinguistic tasks. We then describe the impact of this
theoretical approach on subsequent research on metalinguistic
awareness in bilinguals and monolinguals. Finally, we outline how
direct instruction in metalinguistic awareness can be informed by
considering the importance of developing both linguistic analysis
and control in the classroom.
Bilingualism and functional connectivity
Authors: Anderson John A.E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Four patterns describe how bilingualism affects
the functional connectivity of the brain. First, a general
observation across most of the studies I surveyed was that
bilinguals tended to have higher functional connectivity when
compared to monolinguals. Second, increased connectivity with the
salience network, a set of regions including the anterior cingulate
cortex, the bilateral insula, and subcortical regions is often
associated with language training or language
diversity where proactive attention to content is paramount. Third,
to the degree that individuals have greater exposure or mastery of a
second language, (greater proficiency and an earlier or simultaneous
age of acquisition) and can rely more on reactive control, studies
often show greater bilateral connectivity between the inferior
frontal gyri. This is also sometimes associated with decreased
activation of frontal regions implying distributed load and greater
neural efficiency. The distributed neural pattern in young adulthood
may also explain how bilingual older adults are able to sustain
their cognition at levels of neuropathology most monolinguals cannot
endure. Fourth, in studies that examined anticorrelations between
task and rest networks, bilinguals tended to have more distinct
(e.g., modular organization), and more strongly anticorrelated
task-positive and default-mode networks, and this was often
correlated with cognitive control.
Bilingualism and brain structure
Authors: Pliatsikas Christos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study of the effects of bilingualism on
brain structure has gained significant traction in the last decade,
naturally following the pioneering work by Ellen Bialystok and
others on the effects of bilingualism on cognition. However, despite
the general interest and enthusiasm about the related evidence, the
field of bilingualism-induced structural brain plasticity remains
young and relatively unexplored. At the same time, this field has
been largely limited to young and healthy populations. This chapter
revisits and reviews the evidence about bilingualism-induced
neuroplasticity and the contemporary theories that provide
explanations of the available evidence, with a particular focus on
the ageing and patient bilingual brain. Specifically, a full account
of the reported effects on healthy ageing bilinguals is provided,
followed by the limited findings from diseases that cause
progressive brain decline, such as mild cognitive impairment,
Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases, epilepsy, and multiple
sclerosis. The chapter concludes with some suggestions for future
directions for the field.
Determination of cooperatively rearranging regions in a binary glass former
Authors: Mizuguchi T , Odagaki T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cooperative motions are important for understanding the divergence of viscosity of glassy materials at a finite temperature, since the elementary process of the structural relaxation occurs within the smallest cooperative region as suggested by Adam and Gibbs. On the basis of the definition of a cooperatively rearranging region (CRR) by Adam and Gibbs and by Odagaki, we determine the size of CRR for the Kob–Andersen model as a function of temperature using molecular dynamics simulations. We first confine particles in a spherical region and, varying the radius of that region, we determine the CRR size as the smallest radius of the region in which particles can change their relative positions. The size of the CRR increases as the temperature is reduced and seems to diverge below the glass transition temperature. The temperature dependence of the number of particles in the CRR obeys the equation derived from the Adam–Gibbs relation and the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation.
Interaction potential of two nonidentical ground-state atoms
Authors: Peng Yan , Cheng Shijing , Zhou Wenting 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the interaction potential of two nonidentical ground-state atoms coupled to a scalar field in a vacuum by separately calculating the contributions of vacuum fluctuations and those of the radiation reaction of the atoms. Both cases of atoms in a free space and in parallel or vertical alignment to a reflecting boundary are considered. For the former case, we find that the leading-order interaction potential in the region λ

A
≪ L ≪ λ

B
exhibits the same separation-dependence as that in the region L ≪ λ

A
≪ λ

B
, where L, λ

A
and λ

B
are respectively the interatomic separation and the transition wavelengths of two atoms with λ

A
≪ λ

B
. For the latter case, we find that boundary-induced modifications are very remarkable when L ≫ z, with z characterizing the separation between the two-atom system and the boundary. Particularly, when L further satisfies L ≫ λ

A
and L ≫ λ

B
, the interaction potential in the parallel- and the vertical-alignment cases respectively scales as z
4
L
−7 and z
2
L
−5, the L-dependence of which is one order higher than those of two atoms in regions where L ≫ z and meanwhile L ≪ λ

A
or/and L ≪ λ

B
. Our results suggest that retardation for the interaction potential of two nonidentical atoms with remarkably distinctive transition frequencies happens only when the interatomic separation is much greater than the transition wavelengths of both atoms.
Type II multiferroic order in two-dimensional transition metal halides from first principles spin-spiral calculations
Authors: Sødequist Joachim , Olsen Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a computational search for spin spiral ground states in two-dimensional transition metal halides that are experimentally known as van der Waals bonded bulk materials. Such spin spirals break the rotational symmetry of the lattice and lead to polar ground states where the axis of polarization is strongly coupled to the magnetic order (type II multiferroics). We apply the generalized Bloch theorem in conjunction with non-collinear density functional theory calculations to find the spiralling vector that minimizes the energy and then include spin–orbit coupling to calculate the preferred orientation of the spin plane with respect to the spiral vector. We find a wide variety of magnetic orders ranging from ferromagnetic, stripy anti-ferromagnetic, 120∘ non-collinear structures and incommensurate spin spirals. The latter two introduce polar axes and are found in the majority of materials considered here. The spontaneous polarization is calculated for the incommensurate spin spirals by performing full supercell relaxation including spinorbit coupling and the induced polarization is shown to be strongly dependent on the orientation of the spiral planes. We also test the effect of Hubbard corrections on the results and find that for most materials LDA + U results agree qualitatively with LDA. An exception is the Mn halides, which are found to exhibit incommensurate spin spiral ground states if Hubbard corrections are included whereas bare LDA yields a 120∘ non-collinear ground state.
Integrated modelling techniques to implication of demographic change and urban expansion dynamics on water demand management of developing city in Lake Hawassa Watershed, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassay Abreham Birhane , Tuhar Abraham Woldemichael , Ulsido Mihret Dananto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hawassa is a rapidly developing city in the Lake Hawassa watershed of Ethiopia that is a continuous change in the face of an urban environment. The urban development has been increasing the challenge to maintain urban services and surrounding environmental quality. These exert a new challenge to the growing gap between urban water demand and supply balance. Correlating urban growth and water demand to a rapidly growing population remains imperative to adaptive urban planning and decision-making. This study quantified urban development with demographic change and urban expansion dynamics. The population statistics and satellite imageries of historical years 1991–2021 and projections to the year 2051 were analysed using the exponential increase model and geospatial techniques. Multiple empirical modelling approaches were employed to link urban water demand with the explanatory variable. The study findings revealed the projected urban population reach more than one million and 79.2% of urbanization by 2051. With the current trend of 8.9% built-up growth rate, urban area will cover 73.6 km2 (45.9%) for the predicted period. The demographic variables and the sprawl of urban expansion jointly influence the water demand with statistically significant (f = 0.000, at α = 0.05) association. An increase in urban water use efficiency also reduces the water demand by increasing the availability of water supplies. Thus, the proposed model can be applied to reset the emerging relationship between the explanatory variables and water demand management. A detailed consideration of the spatially explicit effect on access to and optimization of the urban water supply system is vital to a local-specific solution. Integrating urban land planning with water demand management, therefore, has the potential to minimize the need to construct additional water supply infrastructure and cheer a sustainable urban environment.
Effect of flax fiber orientation in carbon-flax fiber composite on tensile and visco elastic behavior
Authors: Uppin Vinayak S , Gouda P S Shivakumar , Sridhar I , Vastrad Jyoti V 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the effect of Flax fiber orientations on the tensile and viscoelastic response of Carbon/Flax hybrid composite. The composite laminates were prepared by varying flax fiber orientations of [0°4F/0°1C]1, [+30°2F/0°1C/−30°2F]1,[+45°2F/0°1C/−45°2F]1,[+60°2F/0°1C/−60°2F]1,and [+75°2F/0°1C/−75°2F]1using the Hot press compression molding technique. The tensile and DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer) tests have been done for evaluating strength, strain to failure, toughness and storage and loss modulus, and also the damping factor of the laminates. The maximum tensile strength of 262 MPa was observed for 0-Degree oriented Flax fiber Carbon epoxy laminates. However, a decrease in tensile strength was noticed as the Flax fiber orientation increased from 0-Degree to 75-Degree. The maximum strain of 7.5% was induced in the 30-Degree Flax fiber carbon composite. Additionally, it was noticed that the rotation of fibers during load applied is the main cause for inducing additional strain to failure of Flax fibers. Changes in the storage modulus, loss modulus, and, damping factor were also observed for different flax fiber orientations.
Renal Medullary Overexpression of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Transgene Attenuates Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-Salt Hypertension
Authors: Hu Gaizun , Xie Dengpiao , Chen Chaoling , Wang Weili , Li Pin-Lan , Ritter Joseph K , Li Ningjun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Our previous studies showed that renal medullary sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) mediated sodium excretion, high salt intake increased S1PR1 level, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) blocked high salt-induced S1PR1 in the renal medulla, and that conditional knockout of S1PR1 in the collecting duct aggravated DOCA-salt hypertension. The present study tested the hypothesis that overexpression of S1PR1 transgene in the renal medulla attenuates the sodium retention and hypertension in DOCA-salt mouse model.

METHODS
Male C57BL/6J mice received renal medullary transfection of control or S1PR1-expressing plasmids and then DOCA-salt treatment. Renal sodium excretion and arterial pressure were compared between control and S1PR1-overexpressed mice in response to high salt loading or pressure natriuresis.

RESULTS
S1PR1-transfected mice showed significantly enhanced urinary sodium excretion in response to acute sodium loading (0.93 ± 0.27 in control vs. 4.72 ± 1.12 µmol/min/gKW in S1PR1-overexpressed mice, P &lt; 0.05) and the pressure natriuresis (3.58 ± 1.77 vs. 9.52 ± 1.38, P &lt; 0.05), less positive sodium balance in response to chronic high-salt intake (3.05 ± 0.39 vs. 1.65 ± 0.39 mmol/72 hr, P &lt; 0.05), and consequently, the attenuation of DOCA-salt hypertension (134.2 ± 6.79 vs. 109.8 ± 3.54 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.05). The αENaC protein amount in the renal medulla was not changed, however, the βENaC was significantly decreased and the γENaC was significantly increased in S1PR1-overexpressed mice. The immunostaining showed apical membrane translocation of γENaC, while no change of αENaC and βENaC in control mice, and that the apical membrane translocation of γENaC was blocked in S1PR1-treasffected mice.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggested that activation of S1PR1 in the renal medulla attenuates DOCA-induced sodium retention and salt-sensitive hypertension associated with inhibition of ENaC.
AIONER: all-in-one scheme-based biomedical named entity recognition using deep learning
Authors: Luo Ling , Wei Chih-Hsuan , Lai Po-Ting , Leaman Robert , Chen Qingyu , Lu Zhiyong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Biomedical named entity recognition (BioNER) seeks to automatically recognize biomedical entities in natural language text, serving as a necessary foundation for downstream text mining tasks and applications such as information extraction and question answering. Manually labeling training data for the BioNER task is costly, however, due to the significant domain expertise required for accurate annotation. The resulting data scarcity causes current BioNER approaches to be prone to overfitting, to suffer from limited generalizability, and to address a single entity type at a time (e.g. gene or disease).

Results
We therefore propose a novel all-in-one (AIO) scheme that uses external data from existing annotated resources to enhance the accuracy and stability of BioNER models. We further present AIONER, a general-purpose BioNER tool based on cutting-edge deep learning and our AIO schema. We evaluate AIONER on 14 BioNER benchmark tasks and show that AIONER is effective, robust, and compares favorably to other state-of-the-art approaches such as multi-task learning. We further demonstrate the practical utility of AIONER in three independent tasks to recognize entity types not previously seen in training data, as well as the advantages of AIONER over existing methods for processing biomedical text at a large scale (e.g. the entire PubMed data).

Availability and implementation
The source code, trained models and data for AIONER are freely available at https://github.com/ncbi/AIONER.