bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Economic Efficiency and Total Productivity of Effective Inputs for Wheat Farms in Nineveh Governorate for the Agricultural Season (2019-2020)
Authors: Zaidan Aswan Abdel Qader , Hamdoun Amna Abdel Elah , Younis Ahmed Abdel Aziz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Wheat is the food of the era and every era that has passed and every era will come and the need for it increases and worsens annually with the high population growth rate in developing countries, including Iraq, so the research aims to study a comparative study of technical efficiency (TE) and economic efficiency (EE) of wheat in Nineveh governorate for the 2019-agricultural season. 2020) as well as achieving growth in the total productivity (TFP) of the effective inputs involved in the production process for a number of (60) farms, Both technical and specialized competence was estimated and then access to economic efficiency, where the estimation of these two efficiencies was made using the DEAP data envelope method with input directive assuming constant volume returns to the capacity of the CRS, and from which it was found that the average technical efficiency reached (0.735) and the average economic efficiency reached (0.575). And that the full technical efficiency has been achieved at a rate of 26.66% and the remaining 83.14% has been distributed between less than 100% and more than 20%, and this is a large percentage indicating the farmers’ negligence in using economic resources efficiently. Less than 100% and more than 20%, and this indicates that there is a waste in the resources used, As for economic efficiency, it has been achieved at a rate of 21.8% and the rest is 89.4% distributed between 100% and more than 20% and this percentage is large and the reason for this is the high production costs of the resources used because of the high prices, which led to a decrease in Allocative efficiency, which was reflected in the economic efficiency, as for the total productivity. (TFP) The analysis was done using the Malquist Productivity Index, and from it it was found that (TFP) lies between a maximum of (0.992) for farm No. (14) and a minimum of (0.301) for farm No. (42), while the average total productivity of a farmer reached (0.688). It is the result of the great effect of the change in technical efficiency (TEC), which reached (1,000) and the technical change that reached (0.688). Therefore, the research recommends increasing the unit area for this crop by using effective resources in the quantities recommended by specialists after carefully studying the properties of the soil and the extent of its needs for those resources.
Comparative Study of Income of Organic and Conventional Cabbage Farming in Getasan, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Winahyu W. , Rahayu E.S. , Darwanto D. H. , Harisudin M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The impacts of climate change, such as high rainfall, threaten the sustainability of cabbage crops, as they can slow down the growth and development of cabbage plants. This study aims to analyze the differences in income and feasibility of organic and conventional cabbage farming in Getasan, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The research location was determined purposively in the cabbage production center of Semarang Regency, namely the Getasan District. The sample number was 120 respondents, consisting of 73 organic cabbage farmers and 47 conventional cabbage farmers from 4 villages, namely Batur, Wates, Kopeng, and Tajuk. The data obtained are analyzed descriptively and financial feasibility. The results showed that the income of the organic cabbage farming business is higher than conventional cabbage. The feasibility of organic cabbage farming is more elevated than conventional cabbage by 1.16 and 1.01, respectively. Both cabbage farming businesses are worth working on because they have R/C > 1. In the future, organic cabbage farming needs to be developed in Semarang, Indonesia, because it is worth trying and profitable.
The Potency of Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Profiling and Classify the Common Rice Flour
Authors: Amdani R Z , Rahmawati L , Zahra A M , Susanti N D , Hariadi H , Listanti R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Visible and Near Infrared (Vis-NIR) is a rapid and non-destructive technology has a potential to profiling and classify the four rice flour (brown rice flour, white rice flour, red rice flour, and black rice flour) by means the wavelength 400-1000nm for measurement. Chemometrics analysis (PCA, PCA-DA, and PLS-DA) were used to preprocessing spectra. The wavelengths responsible for profiling and classifying the samples were found 410-450nm, 570-600nm, 660-680 nm, and 970-990nm in the PCA and PCA-DA model. The result showed that using Vis-NIR with the PCA, PCA-DA and PLS-DA model was able to be profiling with a recognition rate 98-100% was achieved.
Application of boron fertilizer and topping on female parent seed production of watermelon
Authors: Rahayu S , Firdhauzy Y L , Prasetyo H , Setyohadi D P S , Cahyaningrum D G 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
High quality watermelon fruit can be influenced by the quality of the seeds planted. The purpose of this research was to obtain the dose of Boron fertilizer and topping on the seed production of watermelon female parent. The research was conducted from September 2021 to December 2021. This research was conducted using a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors (Boron fertilizer dose and topping) which was repeated 4 times. Treatment of Boron Fertilizer consisted of 3 levels (0 kg.ha-1, 2 kg.ha-1, and 4 kg.ha-1). Topping treatment consists of 2 levels, without topping and using topping. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD at 5%. The results showed that the dose of Boron fertilizer 2 kg.ha−1 gave the best effect on flowering age of male flower (20 DAP), flowering age of female flower (23 DAP), fruit weight (1.13 kg), seed weight per fruit (5.46 g), seed production per hectare (182.04 kg), and weight of 1000 seeds (39.50 g). The dose of Boron fertilizer 4 kg.ha−1 gave the best effect on seed germination (97%) and seed vigor (79%). Topping treatment did not affect all the parameters observed.
Characterization of five local varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in east java, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati Dwi , Santika Putri , Fauzi Divanda Rifka Ramadhan , Rosyadi Adnan dan Moch 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSome regions in Indonesia, especially East Java, have abundant local varieties of rice. However, these germplasms have not been optimally developed in plant breeding. Characterization ranked as the first step in plant breeding to identify morphological and agronomic characteristics of the germplasms. This study aims to characterize several local rice varieties in East Java, including ‘Ketan Genjah’ (V1), ‘PIM’ (V2), ‘Pendok’ (V3), ‘Padi Hitam’ (V4), and ‘Padi Merah’ (V5) to point out each strength in several parameters to be used as a potential gene source for plant breeding. The results of this study indicated that the varieties studied have several distinct morphological and agronomic characters with each other. In terms of plant height, leaf length, pithy grain percentage, grain loss percentage, and the weight of 1000 grain, ‘Pendok’ showed superiorities compared to other varieties. In addition, ‘Pendok’ also had the highest yield per clump together with ‘Ketan Genjah’ at 151.32 g and 150.82 g, respectively. ‘PIM’ had the longest panicle length, whereas in terms of number of tillers, ‘Ketan Genjah’, ‘Padi Hitam’, and ‘Padi Merah’ were the highest among the varieties studied.
The physical and chemical characteristics of eco-enzyme fermentation liquids from several compositions of local fruits and vegetables in banyuwangi
Authors: Indraloka A B , Istanti A , Utami S W 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The high population and horticultural production in Banyuwangi indirectly contribute to the number of landfills, where as much as 60% of the waste in the dump is organic, such as vegetables, fruit, and food. Therefore, a solution is needed to utilize waste from human activities as a helpful product and valuable, such as eco-enzymes. Eco-enzyme is the product of fermentation from organic waste such as vegetable, fruit, and sugar. Eco-enzyme can be used in agriculture, medicine, and others. This study aimed to analyze the compositions of fruit and vegetable that produce the highest quality eco-enzyme. The experimental design used Complete Randomized Design with four fruits and vegetables compositions replicated three times. The treatments were vegetable waste + orange peel; vegetable waste + dragon fruit peel, vegetable waste + mangosteen peel; and vegetable waste only as control. The results showed that the composition of vegetable waste + orange peel produced an eco-enzyme solution with the highest nitrogen content, amylase enzyme activity, and acidic pH. The color of eco-enzymes varied from light to dark brown. Meanwhile, the aroma of eco-enzymes has produced the smell of acid, which indicates that the fermentation process is taking place correctly.
Agronomy characteristics of samurai sorghum as feed crop harvested with the ratoon management system
Authors: Harahap A E , Abdullah L , Karti P D M H , Despal  
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sorghum is a forage plant that can improve the ability to high temperatures, dry resistance, and the ability of ratoons. Ratoon is the ability of sorghum to regrowth due to being cut several times at different periods. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of samurai I sorghum harvested in each harvest period until the 1st ratoon. The research method used in each harvest period was utterly randomized with a factorial design (3 x 3) with 4 replications. Factor A is the age of harvest consisting of 80, 85 and 90 days of treatment and Factor B is the dose of fertilization consisting of 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha. The research area is 3 x 3 m2 in each experimental plot. The results showed that up to the 1st ratoon, samurai sorghum produced better plant height, leaf width and length than the primary and first ratoon cuttings, although there was a decrease in stem diameter in the first ratoon. The conclusion is that samurai I have good stability of agronomic characteristics up to the first ratoon so that it has the potential to be harvested in the next ratoon.
The nutrient quality of edamame (Glycine max L. Merill) waste as a potential local feedstuff with using the different drying processes
Authors: Andriani M , Syahniar T M , Lestari D , Ratri P R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study purposed to evaluate the effect of both different drying processes on the nutrient content of edamame waste (Glycine max L. Merill). The level treatment of the drying process was divided into sun drying or control (P0) and oven drying at 70°C (P1). Every single level treatment has been dried for 48 hours. The variables observed were DM, CP, EE, and CF content of edamame waste. The results presented that the drying process had no significant effect on DM, CP, EE, and CF content of edamame waste by both sun drying and oven drying at 70°C. These results concluded that both drying process of edamame waste were very applicable for smallholder farmers and livestock industries. Smallholder farmers can apply sun drying processes for drying and preserving edamame waste without worrying about nutritional damage and used during times of famine, especially which were in tropical region. Additionally, livestock industries can exploit the nutritional value of edamame waste using thermal processing up to 70°C by example through oven drying.
Brix level on dragon fruit and moringa oleifera soft candy to prevent children dental caries
Authors: Elisanti A D , Ardianto E T , Rindiani R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Candy is more commonly referred to as “fun food,” in addition to known as confectionary food. Excessive consumption of candy has a negative impact, in which it can causes obesity and dental caries. This study aimed to identify the brix levels in soft candies made from dragon fruit and moringa oleifera using different sugars. In this case, a complete randomized design was applied into 3 treatments; T (cane sugar candy), Tl (cassava sugar candy), and E (erythritol sugar candy). Each treatment consisted of 3 levels of Brix (P1: 5, P2: 10, P3: 20 grams), mixed with 100 ml of aquades. Brix levels were further analyzed using a refractometer, and further using one-way ANOVA. The results obtained showed that the smallest brix of the first, second, and third levels were; T of 3 brix + 0.00 SD, Tl of 5.05 brix + 0.07 SD, and Tl of 10.3 brix + 0.28 SD. Furthermore, the one-way ANOVA test showed there were differences in the brix levels of cane, cassava, and erythritol sugar candy (p: 0.000). Hence, it is concluded that cassava sugar can be a choice of the basic ingredients for making low-sugar candy, but erythritol sugar is more recommended as a basic ingredient to prevent dental caries.
Enhancing of micro water management in dry season at Dadahup lowland irrigation area
Authors: Ansari H , Istiarto  , Wignyosukarto B S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Indonesian government in 2020 initiated a food estate program to revitalize Ex-PLG areas in order to strengthen national food security. Dadahup lowland irrigation area (DIR Dadahup) was part of the food estate program. Water insufficiency during the dry season has been Dadahup’s problem to date. The channel’s water level during the dry season drops to +0.48 m, which is lower than the average ground level of +1.00 m and +1.30 m at the left and right banks, respectively. This causes stunted growth of the cultivated paddy. The use of gates in secondary and tertiary channels serves to maintain the water level of the channels so that it is possible to irrigate paddy fields whose elevation is +1.00 to +1.20 m. This can be achieved by placing and regulating the opening and closing of the gates with the assistance of flow simulation using the HEC-RAS program.
Environmental awareness and intention to reduce food waste among urban people
Authors: Purwanto E , Yulianto A , Biasini N , Octavia J R , Wati V O 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Environmental issues and food waste are still crucial issues today. Indonesia, which is still facing problems of food security and stunting, is reported to be ranked second in the world as a contributor to food waste. This study aimed to measure the level of environmental awareness and intention to reduce food waste among urban people in Indonesia. One thousand ninety-eight samples were collected from five major provincial cities: Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya. The results show that environmental awareness and intention to reduce food waste are already high. The results also prove that the effect of environmental awareness on the intention to reduce food waste is positive and significant. The limitation of the report in this paper does not include actual behavior to see whether high environmental awareness and intention to reduce food waste automatically creates actual behavior to reduce food waste. The actual behavior to reduce food waste in Indonesia is still concerning. So the recommendation for future research is to include actual behavior to reduce food waste in the research model..
Analysis and Testing Using Boundary Value Analysis Methods for Geographic Information System
Authors: Puspitasari T D , Kurniasari A A , Puspitasari P S D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Perusahaan Daerah Perkebunan (PDP) Kahyangan is a Regional Owned Enterprise (BUMD) in Jember. It was formed to realize the welfare of the community. Based on interviews, PDP’s given profit contribution has declined in recent years due to the absence of good management of its potential. As a result of the challenges, it can be determined that PDP Jember requires a management system that can assist in acquiring data on the distribution of plantation and forestry land commodities in Jember, as well as mapping existing commodities using GIS. The method would test the suitability between the application’s purpose and the functions in the GIS. Software Testing is the process of implementing a program that aims to find an error in the application. The testing technique is called Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) method. BVA is a black box testing technique that aims to test the input value by determining the upper and lower limit values for each input data. Other diagrams in UML are considered to evaluate the application’s complete functionality. The test results give the GIS application a good standard and software quality before being launched or provided to users.
The climate change effects on agricultural drought in the Be River Basin
Authors: Sam Truong Thao , Nhi Pham Thi Thao , Mai Nguyen Thi Huynh , Linh Do Quang , Loi Pham Thi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Drought is one of the extreme weather events that has been occurring with increasing frequency and complexity as well as having negative effects on water resources and agricultural production. The focus of the present study is to investigate the climate change effects on agricultural drought in the Be River Basin. The SWAT model was applied to simulate the soil moisture content and Standardized Soil Water Index (SSWI) was utilized to estimate the characteristics of agricultural drought. In addition, the future climate conditions for the three periods (2022–2040, 2042–2060, and 2062–2080) were generated by the delta change method based on the outputs of five global climate models. The results show that agricultural drought is anticipated to increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration (up to 168.82%, depending on time and emission scenarios). Moreover, drought events and water shortage in the dry season tend to be more likely to happen soon in the Be River Basin. These results are consistent with the changing trends of related soil moisture. Besides, the results contribute reliable scientific evidence to help managers and policy makers having appropriate plans in the future.
Assessment of the benefits from energy recovery based on the greenhouse gas emission reduction scenario in urban landfills – A case study in Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phong Hoang , Bui Long Ta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Bac Lieu is one of the provinces with the fastest rate of socio-economic development and urbanization in the Ca Mau Peninsula and the coastal areas of the Mekong Delta Region (MDR). Like many other urban regions in Vietnam, Bac Lieu has always faced significant challenges in the management and treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from landfills. This study was carried out to analyze and assess the profits gained from the scenario of minimizing GHG contributions in the Hoa Binh landfill, which is one of the largest landfills in Bac Lieu Province. On the basis of the circular economy orientation and planning MSW management with a vision to 2030, the EnLandFill 2019 software (ENvironmental information – model integrated system for air emission and dispersion estimation from LandFill) was applied. The highlight outcomes presented that from 2020 to 2035, the total GHG emission potential for the landfill gas recovery scenario was 19.270 thousand tonnes of CO2-eq, which was 7.978 times lower than the case of no recovery. Furthermore, the benefits achieved from the maximum capacity of electricity generation potential in 2032 are up to 1.932 million kWh/year with a power plant size of 220.540 MW. The research provided theoretical and practical implications, playing a crucial role as a driving force in promoting the development of provincial public policies and investments. Moreover, thereby oriented with a multi-objective approach to an integrated relationship of environment, economy, and society, as well as toward an urban of sustainable development.
Exploring relations between land use changes and agricultural policy implementation in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam: A case of An Giang province
Authors: Pham Van H T , Pham Tien D , Duong Trang H , Ho Hoa V 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The economy of Vietnam relies mainly on agriculture and the Mekong Delta contributes a crucial part. The region is facing to decline in water resources together with the demand for economic development. Land use changes and policies in agriculture have been implemented in response to natural risks. The study applied a mixed-approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data to explore relations between the status of land use (LU) changes and the implementation of agricultural policies. Multi-temporal Landsat image data including Landsat-5, 7, 8 collected from Google Earth Engine (GEE) database. LU change classification using the Random Forest (RF) method to examine changes in LU in An Giang province from 2000 to 2021. The qualitative data were gathered from individual and group discussions with local authorities, officers and farmers. The results expressed that LU in An Giang province has been changed toward reducing rice areas. Linkages existed between the agricultural policies and the types of LU related to policies of agricultural restructuring. Inappropriate areas for rice have been replaced by upland crops and fruit trees throughout the province. Ecological conditions and specificities of the region contribute to the difference from LU in the province. For agricultural development, value chain and cooperation are necessary to build adaptive and efficient agriculture.
Spatial and temporal morphological changes in the lower Mekong River under the influence of sediment load reduction in the upstream
Authors: Hang Nguyen Thị Thuy , Nga Tra Nguyen Quynh , Thi Kim Tran , Tung Ton That Thanh , Vuong Nguyen Dinh , Ky Phung Nguyen , Thi Bay Nguyen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Due to the natural and anthropogenic activities, especially the rapid development of hydropower dams in the upper Langcang Mekong, the sediment flux in the lower Mekong has declined alarmingly. This factor is one of the main reasons causing the river morphological changes in the lower Mekong. In this study, we used the MIKE 21 model to simulate the spatial and temporal morphological changes of the Hau River crossing Tra Vinh and Soc Trang, Hau Giang, and a part of Can Tho and Vinh Long provinces of Vietnam, considering the impact of sediment load decrease from the upper boundary. The models were calibrated and validated using the data of the year 2017, and the scenario of a fifty percent reduction of sediment flux from upstream was considered. The results show that the erosion occurrence in the flood season is more significant compared to that in the dry season. However, the spatial distribution tendency of erosion and accretion was similar in the two seasons. Under the impact of reduced sediment load entering the investigated region, the spatial distributions of erosion and accretion locations were estimated to significantly change during dry and flood seasons. However, the riverbed change level changed apparently. The change is more considerable in the flood season; especially, the erosion was estimated to be more severe in all zone of the study area. The erosion level was estimated to increase up to 0.15m in the flood season in zone 1 compared to that under the historical condition. The accretion level increases up to 0.09m in zone 2 and 0.07m in zone 3 under flood season. The erosion level increases up to approximately 0.1m over six months of the dry season and flood season. The results of the study can contribute to the future management strategy for the local governments in particular and for the whole Mekong region in general.