bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zeta diversity differentiates factors driving community assembly of rare and common ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: van Galen Laura G. , Orlovich David A. , Lord Janice M. , Bohorquez Julia , Nilsen Andy R. , Summerfield Tina C. , Larcombe Matthew J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA fundamental goal in community ecology is to understand what factors drive community assembly processes. The factors affecting ectomycorrhizal fungal communities are unknown in many regions, particularly in the southern hemisphere. We investigate community assembly using ITS2 metabarcoding of ectomycorrhizal fungi sampled from 3943 hyphal ingrowth bags buried in 81 Nothofagus forests across New Zealand's South Island. By applying zeta diversity analysis and multisite generalized dissimilarity modelling (MS‐GDM) we quantify the effects of 43 biotic and environmental variables on community turnover. Unlike traditional beta diversity analyses that are heavily influenced by rare species, the zeta diversity framework differentiates between factors driving turnover of rare and common species, providing a more complete picture of community dynamics. We found that community assembly was dominated by deterministic rather than stochastic processes and identified ecological factors affecting all taxa, as well as others that were specifically important to rare or common taxa. Soil variables were important drivers of turnover for all species, whereas ground cover variables, forest patch size, precipitation and host tree identity had greater effects on rarer species, and tree size and temperature effects were specific to more common species. Interestingly, the effect of temperature on common species is in line with recent evidence from other Kingdoms, pointing to possible generality, and highlighting the importance of considering common species. Applying these methods to fungi has allowed us to identify the distinct ecological processes that structure rare and common taxa during community assembly. This has important implications for understanding the functional effects of community responses to environmental change.
Biogeographic inferences across spatial and evolutionary scales
Authors: Wishingrad Van , Thomson Robert C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe field of biogeography unites landscape genetics and phylogeography under a common conceptual framework. Landscape genetics traditionally focuses on recent‐time, population‐based, spatial genetics processes at small geographical scales, while phylogeography typically investigates deep past, lineage‐ and species‐based processes at large geographical scales. Here, we evaluate the link between landscape genetics and phylogeographical methods using the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) as a model species. First, we conducted replicated landscape genetics studies across several geographical scales to investigate how population genetics inferences change depending on the spatial extent of the study area. Then, we carried out a phylogeographical study of population structure at two evolutionary scales informed by inferences derived from landscape genetics results to identify concordance and conflict between these sets of methods. We found significant concordance in landscape genetics processes at all but the largest geographical scale. Phylogeographical results indicate major clades are restricted to distinct river drainages or distinct hydrological regions. At a more recent timescale, we find minor clades are restricted to single river canyons in the majority of cases, while the remainder of river canyons include samples from at most two clades. Overall, the broad‐scale pattern implicating stream and river valleys as key features linking populations in the landscape genetics results, and high degree of clade specificity within major topographic subdivisions in the phylogeographical results, is consistent. As landscape genetics and phylogeography share many of the same objectives, synthesizing theory, models and methods between these fields will help bring about a better understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes structuring genetic variation across space and time.
The logical structure of Michael Williams's response to skepticism
Authors: Eichorn Roger E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to reconstruct the overarching logical structure of Michael Williams's response to philosophical skepticism. One goal is to forestall overhasty dismissals of his position based on failures to understand the logical relations among his various anti‐skeptical claims and arguments. In many places, Williams suggests that the strategy he calls “theoretical diagnosis” is sufficient to defuse the skeptical challenge and that, accordingly, his anti‐skeptical strategy consists solely in developing theoretical diagnoses. According to the account developed here, this claim is misleading—in need of significant qualification, if not outright false. Even so, the paper concludes that, in its essentials, Williams's response is structurally sound, given his understanding of the problem posed by skepticism. The paper ends with a brief assessment of the merits of that response.
Celebrating Synodality: Synodality as a Fundamental Aspect of Christian Liturgy
Authors: O'Loughlin Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA synodal church makes assumptions about our basic ecclesial experience which takes place when we assemble liturgically, especially when we act eucharistically. The basic assumption is that we are a genuine human community knowing and relating to one another as brothers and sisters in baptism. Only real communities can authentically image the church's nature. This is a ‘bottom – up’ activity. If we wish this, then we must rediscover our liturgy and celebrate it in a new way as flowing out from a community and helping it to discover its own nature. This, in turn, makes demands on our understanding of ministry and its structures. While many Catholics endorse synodality, their willingness to change the shape of the presbyterate is uncertain.
Integrating plant physiology into simulation of fire behavior and effects
Authors: Dickman L. Turin , Jonko Alexandra K. , Linn Rodman R. , Altintas Ilkay , Atchley Adam L. , Bär Andreas , Collins Adam D. , Dupuy Jean‐Luc , Gallagher Michael R. , Hiers J. Kevin , Hoffman Chad M. , Hood Sharon M. , Hurteau Matthew D. , Jolly W. Matt , Josephson Alexander , Loudermilk E. Louise , Ma Wu , Michaletz Sean T. , Nolan Rachael H. , O'Brien Joseph J. , Parsons Russell A. , Partelli‐Feltrin Raquel , Pimont François , Resco de Dios Víctor , Restaino Joseph , Robbins Zachary J. , Sartor Karla A. , Schultz‐Fellenz Emily , Serbin Shawn P. , Sevanto Sanna , Shuman Jacquelyn K. , Sieg Carolyn H. , Skowronski Nicholas S. , Weise David R. , Wright Molly , Xu Chonggang , Yebra Marta , Younes Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

SummaryWildfires are a global crisis, but current fire models fail to capture vegetation response to changing climate. With drought and elevated temperature increasing the importance of vegetation dynamics to fire behavior, and the advent of next generation models capable of capturing increasingly complex physical processes, we provide a renewed focus on representation of woody vegetation in fire models. Currently, the most advanced representations of fire behavior and biophysical fire effects are found in distinct classes of fine‐scale models and do not capture variation in live fuel (i.e. living plant) properties. We demonstrate that plant water and carbon dynamics, which influence combustion and heat transfer into the plant and often dictate plant survival, provide the mechanistic linkage between fire behavior and effects. Our conceptual framework linking remotely sensed estimates of plant water and carbon to fine‐scale models of fire behavior and effects could be a critical first step toward improving the fidelity of the coarse scale models that are now relied upon for global fire forecasting. This process‐based approach will be essential to capturing the influence of physiological responses to drought and warming on live fuel conditions, strengthening the science needed to guide fire managers in an uncertain future.
Evaluation of a barley (Hordeum vulgare) chromosome 2 drought tolerance quantitative trait locus in genomic backgrounds of two cultivars
Authors: Kandemir Nejdet , Saygili Ibrahim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA barley drought tolerance Quantitatif Trait Locus (QTL) on chromosome 2 was transferred from tolerant cultivar ‘Tadmor’ to susceptible ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’. Effects of this QTL on drought tolerance and other traits were studied using near‐isogenic lines under controlled environments and field trials for two years. This QTL resulted in 5.0% and 9.1% improvement in leaf relative water content of ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’ cultivars, respectively, under controlled environments. The QTL accelerated heading and maturity by 2.5 days in ‘Baronesse’ and by 5–6 days in ‘Aydanhanım’. It was associated with shorter stature and more ears. This QTL region increased grain yields by 1.1 and 0.6 t/ha in ‘Baronesse’ and ‘Aydanhanım’, respectively, mainly by increasing the number of tillers. There were previous reports related to yield promoting effects of this region harbouring flowering locus eps2 (barley HvCEN gene). However, sequencing of 1025 bp fragment encompassing HvCEN coding region revealed that our parents and near‐isogenic lines had no Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) variation, ruling out direct involvement of eps2. These findings pointed to the possible effect of another flowering locus in the QTL region.
Role of antigen‐presenting cells in non‐ulcerated skin lesions caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi
Authors: Sandoval Pacheco Carmen M. , Araujo Flores Gabriela V. , Ferreira Aurea F. , da Matta Vânia L. R. , de Castro Gomes Claudia M. , Sosa‐Ochoa Wilfredo H. , Zúniga Concepción , Silveira Fernando T. , Corbett Carlos E. P. , Laurenti Márcia D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Central America, infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi causes visceral leishmaniasis and non‐ulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL). This work aimed to evaluate the participation of subpopulations of antigen‐presenting cells in skin lesions of patients affected by NUCL through double‐staining immunohistochemistry using cellular and intracellular markers. Twenty‐three skin biopsies from patients affected by NUCL were used. Histological sections stained by HE were used for histopathological study. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using primary antibodies against Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and the cytokines IL‐12, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, iNOS, and IL‐10. The histopathological lesions were characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphohistiocytic, of variable intensity, with a diffuse arrangement associated with epithelioid granulomas and discreet parasitism. Double‐staining immunohistochemistry showed higher participation of dendritic cells producing the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐12 in relation to the other evaluated cytokines. Activation of the cellular immune response was marked by a higher density of CD8 Tc1‐lymphocytes followed by CD4 Th1‐lymphocytes producing mainly IFN‐γ. The data obtained in the present study suggest that antigen‐presenting cells play an important role in the in situ immune response through the production of proinflammatory cytokines, directing the cellular immune response preferentially to the Th1 and Tc1 types in NUCL caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi.
Identification of novel and stable genomic regions associated with barley resistance to spot form net blotch disease under different temperature conditions during the reproductive stage
Authors: Sabouri Hossein , Taliei Fakhtak , Kazerani Borzo , Ghasemi Shahram , Katouzi Mahnaz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpot form net blotch (SFNB) is one of the most important barley diseases in the world; abiotic stresses caused by climate change are also a problem for cultivation of cereals, including barley, on a global level. Identifying stable genomic regions associated with resistance to SFNB in different temperature conditions at the reproductive stage can accelerate the process of producing new cultivars resistant to this disease. In this study, 103 F8 lines, resulting from the cross of cultivars Kavir and Badia, were cultivated in three years on three different dates. After artificial inoculation with Pyrenophora teres f. maculata Gonbad Kavous isolate, the plants were evaluated at the adult stage. The planting dates were chosen so that during early, conventional and delayed planting dates, the reproductive stage of the lines coincided with cold, non‐thermal and heat stress conditions, respectively. A genome‐wide composite interval mapping method was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling SFNB and estimate the effect of each of them. In the cold, non‐thermal and heat stress conditions at the reproductive stage, three (three major), four (two major) and six (one major) stable resistance QTLs against SFNB were detected, respectively. The stable QTLs of resistance including QRPtma‐2H, QRPtma‐3H and QRPtma‐7H were located on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 7H, respectively. After flanking markers confirm the resistance of QTLs to SFNB, the SCoT7‐C, ISJ17‐B and Bmac0144k markers can be used in the screening resistance of cultivars under non‐thermal and heat stress conditions. Moreover, the Bmac0282b and Ebmatc0016 markers can be used for screening resistance of cultivars under cold stress conditions in marker‐assisted selection projects.
Prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus and the risk of anal co‐infection in kidney transplant recipients: Results from a Danish clinical study
Authors: Ring Linea Landgrebe , Thomsen Louise T , Hædersdal Merete , Sørensen Søren Schwartz , Bonde Jesper Hansen , Lok Trine Thorborg , Larsen Helle K , Kjær Susanne K 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancers, including cervical and anal cancer. In this cross‐sectional clinical study, we investigated the prevalence of cervical high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) and low‐risk (lrHPV), risk factors for cervical hrHPV infection, and the prevalence of cervical and anal hrHPV co‐infection in KTRs and immunocompetent controls.MethodsDuring 2016–2017, we recruited 125 female KTRs and 125 female immunocompetent controls from one dermatology department (KTRs and controls) and five nephrology departments (KTRs) in Denmark. Liquid‐based cervical and anal cytology samples were tested for HPV DNA using the INNO‐LiPA test and participants answered a questionnaire on lifestyle. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, lifetime sexual partners, smoking, and (in models concerning anal HPV) receptive anal sex.ResultsKTRs had higher prevalence of cervical hrHPV than controls (35.5% vs. 18.2; ORadjusted = 2.9, 95% CI, 1.5–5.5). In contrast, the prevalence of lrHPV was similar in KTRs and controls (25.6% vs. 23.1; ORadjusted = 1.2, 95% CI, 0.7‒2.3). KTRs were more likely than controls to have cervical and anal hrHPV co‐infection (27.3% vs. 6.6%, ORadjusted = 6.3, 95% CI, 2.7–15.0).ConclusionsFemale KTRs had high prevalence of cervical hrHPV, and co‐infection with anal and cervical hrHPV was common. Our results underline that KTRs are an important target group for preventive efforts against HPV‐related diseases.
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Chloroplast dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione cooperatively determine the capacity for ascorbate accumulation under photooxidative stress conditions
Authors: Hamada Akane , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Ishikawa Takahiro , Maruta Takanori 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYAscorbate is an indispensable redox buffer essential for plant growth and stress acclimation. Its oxidized form, dehydroascorbate (DHA), undergoes rapid degradation unless it is recycled back into ascorbate by glutathione (GSH)‐dependent enzymatic or non‐enzymatic reactions, with the enzymatic reactions catalyzed by dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs). Our recent study utilizing an Arabidopsis quadruple mutant (∆dhar pad2), which lacks all three DHARs (∆dhar) and is deficient in GSH (pad2), has posited that these GSH‐dependent reactions operate in a complementary manner, enabling a high accumulation of ascorbate under high‐light stress. However, as Arabidopsis DHAR functions in the cytosol or chloroplasts, it remained unclear which isoform played a more significant role in cooperation with GSH‐dependent non‐enzymatic reactions. To further comprehend the intricate network of ascorbate recycling systems in plants, we generated mutant lines lacking cytosolic DHAR1/2 or chloroplastic DHAR3, or both, in another GSH‐deficient background (cad2). A comprehensive comparison of ascorbate profiles in these mutants under conditions of photooxidative stress induced by various light intensities or methyl viologen unequivocally demonstrated that chloroplastic DHAR3, but not cytosolic isoforms, works in concert with GSH to accumulate ascorbate. Our findings further illustrate that imbalances between stress intensity and recycling capacity significantly impact ascorbate pool size and tolerance to photooxidative stress. Additionally, it was found that the absence of DHARs and GSH deficiency do not impede ascorbate biosynthesis, at least in terms of transcription or activity of biosynthetic enzymes. This study provides insights into the robustness of ascorbate recycling.
Seroprevalence of scrub typhus and other rickettsial diseases among the household rodents of Mizoram, North‐East India
Authors: Pautu Lalfakzuala , Lalmalsawma Pachuau , Vanramliana  , Balasubramani Karuppusamy , Balabaskaran Nina Praveen , Rosangkima Gabriel , Sarma Devojit Kumar , Malvi Yogesh , Hunropuia  
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, scrub typhus, a zoonotic disease has emerged as a major health concern in Mizoram, a North‐East Indian state that shares international borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh. Mizoram is a biodiversity hotspot and >85% of the state is under forest cover, which provides an ideal ecological niche for the rodents and mites to transmit scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections. Using the Weil‐Felix test, a serosurvey of household rodents from 41 villages spread across all the 11 districts in Mizoram was undertaken to gather important insights on their role in disease transmission. Furthermore, the chigger and flea indexes were calculated from the captured rodents. The 163 rodents captured belonged to five species; the highest numbers were from Rattus tanezumi (87), followed by Rattus rattus (41), Mus musculus (17), Suncus murinus (16), and Bandicota bengalensis (2). The rickettsial seropositivity of the captured rodents was 66.26% (108 out of 163 were positive). Among the 163 rodents, sera of 75 (46.01%), 61 (37.42%), and 73 (44.78%) were reactive to OXK, OX19, and OX2 antigens, respectively. The chigger and flea index were 17.92 and 0.16, respectively. Overall, the study has given important insights into the risk of multiple rickettsial infections that household rodents could transmit in Mizoram. These findings indicate the need for the urgent implementation of effective rodent control strategies in Mizoram.
Experimental and In-Service Observations of HIC Nucleation and Growth in Pipeline Steel
Authors: González Velázquez Jorge Luis , Entezari Ehsan , López Diego Rivas , Beltrán Zúñiga Manuel Alejandro , Szpunar Jerzy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental and in-service observations of the nucleation and growth of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in hydrocarbon transport pipelines made of type API 5L steel. The experimental work was done by inducing HIC on steel plates by electrochemical cathodic hydrogen charging and using a straight beam ultrasonic inspection technique to observe the crack growth behavior. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to observe the crack nucleation and propagation mechanisms. The study was complemented by the fractographic analysis of a pipe segment removed from a sour gas pipeline after an in-service rupture caused by HIC, so the pipe segment contained a significant group of blisters and laminations caused by HIC. The results of the cathodic charging indicated that HIC cracks nucleated in less than one hour of hydrogen charging at specific non-metallic inclusions and not necessarily the largest ones as commonly thought. It is observed that the HIC cracks propagated by a quasi-cleavage mechanism in transgranular paths, linking to other cracks by ductile tearing. However, after a few hours of hydrogen charging, the crack growth rate dropped to almost zero, and the overall HIC growth was due almost solely to the interconnection of previously formed individual cracks. The examination of the in-service failed pipe showed similar fractographic and growth characteristics as compared to the laboratory-induced ones. It showed that HIC was little affected by the primary stresses and the proximity of other defects and structural discontinuities.
Understanding compensable and non-compensable patient profiles, pathways and physical outcomes for transport and work-related injuries in Queensland, Australia through data linkage
Authors: Vallmuur Kirsten , McCreanor Victoria , Watson Angela , Cameron Cate , Cramb Susanna , Dias Shannon , Banu Shahera , Warren Jacelle 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionIn many jurisdictions, people experiencing an injury often pursue compensation to support their treatment and recovery expenses. Healthcare costs form a significant portion of payments made by compensation schemes. Compensation scheme regulators need accurate and comprehensive data on injury severity, treatment pathways and outcomes to enable scheme modelling, monitoring and forecasting. Regulators routinely rely on data provided by insurers which have limited healthcare information. Health data provide richer information and linking health data with compensation data enables the comparison of profiles, patterns, trends and outcomes of injured patients who claim and injured parties who are eligible but do not claim.Methods and analysisThis is a retrospective population-level epidemiological data linkage study of people who have sought ambulatory, emergency or hospital treatment and/or made a compensation claim in Queensland after suffering a transport or work-related injury, over the period 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2021. It will use person-linked data from nine statewide data sources: (1) Queensland Ambulance Service, (2) Emergency Department, (3) Queensland Hospital Admitted Patients, (4) Retrieval Services, (5) Hospital Costs, (6) Workers’ Compensation, (7) Compulsory Third Party Compensation, (8) National Injury Insurance Scheme and (9) Queensland Deaths Registry. Descriptive, parametric and non-parametric statistical methods and geospatial analysis techniques will be used to answer the core research questions regarding the patient’s health service use profile, costs, treatment pathways and outcomes within 2 years postincident as well as to examine the concordance and accuracy of information across health and compensation databases.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, and governance approval was obtained via the Public Health Act 2005, Queensland. The findings of this study will be used to inform key stakeholders across the clinical, research and compensation regulation area, and results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and reports/seminars with key stakeholders.