bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES: BITS AND PIECES GAME
Authors: Usman Sriati , Budi Budi , Kamaruddin Abdul , Faradila Ayu 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThis research analyzes the implementation of the "bits and pieces" game on students' learning outcomes in writing English descriptive texts. A quasi-experimental design with Junior High School students as the population and a cluster random sampling technique used to draw the sample. Furthermore, two groups were administered pre- and post-test to collect the data. According to the data analysis, a noteworthy disparity existed in the post-test outcomes between the two groups. The experimental group had an average score of 86.60, whereas the control group had 62.43 score. By setting a significance level of 0.05 and degree of freedom (df) of 40 (21+21-2), the t-test demonstrated that the calculated t-value (6.487) surpassed the critical value (1.684), thereby indicating the acceptance of the research hypothesis. This implied that bits and pieces games have an effect on enhancing students’ learning outcomes. Therefore, the game can be a great contribution for English teachers in teaching English descriptive text, in terms of improving content, mechanics, organization, sentence structure, and grammar. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis implementasi permainan bits dan pieces terhadap hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif dalam bahasa Inggris. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu. Populasinya siswa SMP dan teknik pengambilan sampel melalui cluster random sampling. Data diambil dari hasil pre- dan post-test pada kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen yang menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh atau peningkatan pada kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen. Nilai rata-rata dari post-test pada kelompok eksperimen sebesar 86.60 dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 62.43 dengan menerapkan tingkat signifikansi 0.05 dan derajat kebebasan (df) 40 (21+21-2), hal ini menunjukkan nilai t-hitung (6.487) lebih besar dari nilai t- tabel (1.684) yang bermakna bahwa hipotesa penelitian ini diterima. Dengan demikian permainan bits dan pieces berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini sangat berkontribusi kepada guru Bahasa Inggris yang mengajarkan keterampilan menulis teks deskriptif Bahasa Inggris yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan isi, penggunaan tanda baca, huruf besar dan kecil, pengorganizatian teks deskriptif, dan aturan kata dalam kalimat.How to Cite: Hairul, M.A., Nurhayati. (2023). Exploring Teacher Educators’ Understanding of Critical Pedagogy and its Implementation in the English Reading Class. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(1), 207-220. doi:10.15408/ijee.v10i1.32312
Dagkirurgi for økonomien sin del
Authors: Dahl Miriam , Boge Jeanne Helene , Eide Petrin Hege , Horne Rolf 
Published: August 2023

I 2020 ble bortimot 70% av alle kirurgiske inngrep i Norge utført som dagkirurgi. Ved dagkirurgi kommer pasienten til sykehuset og reiser hjem samme dag, og pasienten er sin egen sykepleier før og etter operasjonen.
Denne artikkelen handler om hvordan den norske regjeringen har posisjonert seg til dagkirurgi. Artikkelen er basert på analyser av regjeringsdokumenter om dagkirurgi fra perioden 1995-2020. Den franske sosiologen Pierre Bourdieu sin praktikkteori og praxeologiske konstruksjoner av regjeringsdokumentenes habitus, er brukt som analytiske verktøy.
Analysene viser at den dominerende argumentasjonen i regjeringsdokumentene handler om at dagkirurgi er kostnads- og ressursbesparende. Argumenter som at dagkirurgi kan være et gode for pasientene, benyttes for å legitimere gjeldende praksis.
Regjeringens argumentasjon for mer dagkirurgi er i samsvar med selvhjelpsideologien som oppstod i sykepleiefaget på 1960-tallet og med LEON-prinsippet som oppstod på 1970-tallet, om omsorg på lavest mulig omsorgsnivå. Argumentasjonen samsvarer også med New Public Management-ideologien som fikk innpass i offentlig sektor i Norge på 1990-tallet.
Nature of the Himalayan Seismicity Belt in the Garhwal–Kumaun Segment and Its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Kanaujia Jyotima , Ravi Kumar M. , Sunilkumar T. C. , Naresh B. , Devi Arti , Vijayaraghavan R. , Suresh G. , Saha Satish , Srinivas D. , Solomon Raju P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High-quality data recorded by a dense network of 53 seismic stations in the Garhwal–Kumaun Himalaya between February 2017 and December 2021 is analyzed. A total of 813 local earthquakes are relocated using a newly developed regional 1D velocity model incorporating station corrections. In addition, focal mechanism solutions of M ≥ 3.8 events are estimated using waveform inversion. The relocated seismicity patterns along with the focal mechanism solutions are utilized to present a seismotectonic scenario of the region. Almost 95% of the relocated seismicity is found to be clustered along the Himalayan seismic belt (HSB), down to ∼24 km depth. Seismicity in this belt is interpreted to be caused due to interseismic stress loading associated with the ongoing India–Eurasia collision tectonics. A few scattered hypocenters in the deeper crust between 30 and 50 km depth attest the strength of the downgoing Indian plate. Focal mechanisms in the seismogenic upper crust reveal thrusting of the Indian plate beneath the Lesser Himalaya, with compression normal to the strike of the Main Central Thrust (MCT). The north-dipping thrust mechanisms can be associated with a near-horizontal Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). In addition, more steeply dipping faults above it define the Lesser Himalayan duplex systems, similar to those in western and Nepal Himalaya. A prominent ∼50 km wide seismicity gap region observed within the HSB is probably due to (1) a locally varying locking width of the MHT; (2) an unruptured, ductile segment at the eastern end of the rupture zone of the great 1803 earthquake (Mw 7.8 ± 0.2); and (3) a slab tear in the MHT, similar to those in subduction zones.
Antifungal Activity of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Emulsion Gel Compared to Nystatin on Candida albicans Stored Isolate from HIV/AIDS Patients with Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Wardiana Maya , Astindari  , Ervianti Evy , Afif Nurul Hidayati  , Diah Mira Indramaya  , Pepy Dwi Endraswari  , Budi Utomo  , Dwi Murtiastutik  
Published: August 2023

Background: Oral candidiasis (OC), frequently caused by Candida albicans, is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients. Topical treatment for OC is limited. In vitro study revealed rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil has an antifungal effect. However, the essential oil is volatile and is not recommended to be applied to the skin and mucosa; therefore, emulsion gel (emulgel) is made. Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity of rosemary emulgel 6.25%, 25%, 37.5%, and 50% compared to nystatin. Methods: This study is an in vitro test using the disk diffusion method to d etermine the antifungal activity shown by the inhibitory zones of rosemary emulgel at 6.25%, 25%, 37.5%, and 50% compared to nystatin to stored isolates of C. albicans from HIV/AIDS patients with OC. Result: Rosemary emulgel 6.25% dan 25% did not show antifungal activity because no inhibitory zone was shown. The inhibitory zone diameter provided by rosemary emulgel 37.5%; 50%; and nystatin against C. albicans isolates were 3.17±3.763 mm; 7.00±4.107 mm; and 30.13±5.319 mm respectively. Significant differences in antifungal activity were shown by the inhibitory zone diameter provided between rosemary emulgel 37.5%, 50%, and nystatin (p<0,05). Conclusion: Rosemary emulgel 37.5% dan 50% had antifungal activity showed by the formation of inhibitory zone against Candida species isolates in disk diffusion method even though it was weaker compared to nystatin as a standard antifungal.
A New Simple Passage Culture to Improve the Viability of Bifidobacteria
Authors: Li Cuiqin , Dong Lidan , Zhang Ling , He Laping , Qiao Shunbin 
Published: August 2023

Bifidobacterium is the most beneficial flora of the human gastrointestinal tract, but there is a concentration threshold for Bifidobacterium to exert its beneficial properties. In this work, the effect of several simple culture methods on the number of viable bifidobacteria was discussed to improve its viable concentrations, and we unexpectedly discovered that bifidobacteria have inert growth. The concentration of viable bacteria of two isolated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BZ11 and BZ25 and Lactobacillus plantarum SQ-4 were investigated using solid-liquid-liquid circulation subculture, solid-liquid-liquid subculture and solid-liquid-liquid circulation subculture. These 3 subculture methods increase the viable cell concentration, and the best is the solid-liquid-liquid subculture. The highest concentrations of third-generation BZ11 and BZ25 were 9.62 × 109 CFU/mL and 1.21 × 1010 CFU/mL in order by solid-liquid-liquid subculture method, which was 10.38 times and 42.31 times higher (P&lt;0.05) than those of the first generation, respectively. However, none of these three subculture methods increased the concentration of SQ-4. These results suggested that Bifidobacterium has growth inertia and Solid-liquid-liquid passage culture inhibiting the growth inertia. This finding is valuable in promoting the industrial application of probiotic bifidobacteria to potential probiotic food production.
Structural Analysis of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> Hexokinase Provides Novel Information about Catalysis Due to a Plasmodium-Specific Insertion
Authors: Dillenberger Melissa , Werner Anke-Dorothee , Velten Ann-Sophie , Rahlfs Stefan , Becker Katja , Fritz-Wolf Karin 
Published: August 2023

The protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the causative pathogen of the most severe form of malaria, for which novel strategies for treatment are urgently required. The primary energy supply for intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium is the production of ATP via glycolysis. Due to the parasite’s strong dependence on this pathway and significant structural differences of its glycolytic enzymes compared to their human counterpart, glycolysis is considered as a potential drug target. In this study, we provide the first three-dimensional protein structure of P. falciparum hexokinase (PfHK), containing novel information about the mechanisms of PfHK. We identified for the first time a Plasmodium-specific insertion which lines the active site. Moreover, we propose that this insertion plays a role upon ATP binding. Residues of the insertion further seem to affect the tetrameric interface and therefore suggest a special way of communication among the different monomers. In addition, we confirmed that PfHK is targeted and affected by oxidative posttranslational modifications (oxPTMs). Both Sglutathionylation and Snitrosation revealed an inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of PfHK.
MILLENIAL-SCALE TIME AVERAGING INFERRED BY DISCOLORED SHELLS IN BEACH DEATH ASSEMBLAGES
Authors: MARTÍNEZ SERGIO , ROJAS ALEJANDRA 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Molluscan death assemblages occurring on present-day beaches frequently consist of secondary-colored shells, with yellow to brown and gray to black colors. It is hypothesized that this secondary coloration can be related to postmortem age and to conditions in the taphonomically active zone, altering shells to black and gray tones in reducing conditions, and then becoming yellowish or brownish in oxidizing settings. In this study, we assessed whether the variability in the degree of shell discoloration of two species of the infaunal bivalve Mactra collected in beach death assemblages from a temperate siliciclastic beach in Uruguay is a function of postmortem age, and whether this variability in discoloration can be linked to differences in their elemental composition, microstructure, and provenance. Although we did not detect any differences in mineralogy or elemental composition among shells differing in discoloration, we show that modern (younger than a century) beach shells are not secondary-colored, but have remained white, but some white shells are also old (millennial). In contrast, yellow and gray shells are consistently older than 1,000 years, indicating that this degree of discoloration requires millennial residence times in the taphonomically active zone and suggesting that discoloration can be used as an indicator of time averaging. Discolored shells are derived from subtidal death assemblages.
Fundamental Insights Into Recrosslinkable Granular Hydrogels for Fracture Remediation
Authors: Tang Jian , Liu Xing , Chen Quan , Wang Lizhu 
Published: August 2023

Summary
The concentration of prior recrosslinkable granular hydrogels was based on the assessments of their properties and petrophysical performance. However, there is no reported correlation of microstructural information of the hydrogels with their macroscopic bulk properties, hindering the deployments of such hydrogels to complex geological reservoirs. Herein, we report that the relationship of elastic modulus with angular frequency can assess the crosslinking nature of hydrogels from our reliable experiments. The covalently crosslinked hydrogels showed independence from angular frequency, whereas the ionically crosslinked sample had a strong dependence. We established a robust database of commonly used chemical crosslinkers for hydrogel synthesis with their thermal stabilities, where organic covalently crosslinked hydrogels showed much better thermal robustness than their physically bridged counterparts. Moreover, we found that oven aging is a more appropriate strategy to analyze structural integrity compared with thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, we demonstrated structural differences between the heterogeneous interlinking approach and homogeneous void-free regenerative strategy and their influences on petrophysical properties of the in-situ reformed bulk materials. We give an in-depth analysis of fundamental insights into crosslinking assessments, thermal stabilities, and recrosslinking approaches for laboratory studies and field applications. The fundamentals illustrated herein offer a robust method to appraise granular hydrogels with crosslinkable function for fracture treatments in the petroleum industry.
Global 3D model of mantle attenuation using seismic normal modes
Authors: Talavera-Soza Sujania , Cobden Laura , Faul Ulrich , Deuss Arwen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Seismic tomographic models based solely on wave velocities have limited ability to distinguish between a thermal or compositional origin for Earth’s 3D structure1. Complementing wave velocities with attenuation observations can make that distinction, which is fundamental for understanding mantle convection evolution. However, current global 3D attenuation models are only available for the upper mantle2–4. Here, we present a 3D global model of attenuation for the whole mantle made using whole Earth oscillations. In the upper mantle, we find high attenuation in low velocity regions, suggesting a thermal origin for spreading ridges, agreeing with previous studies5. In the lower mantle, we find the opposite, and observe the highest attenuation in the 'ring around the Pacific', which is seismically fast, and the lowest attenuation in the large low-seismic-velocity provinces (LLSVPs). Comparing our model to wave-speeds and attenuation predicted by a laboratory-based viscoelastic model5 suggests that the circum-Pacific is a colder and small grain-size region, surrounding the warmer and large grain-size LLSVPs. Grain-size is proportional to viscosity in diffusion creep, implying that the LLSVPs are long-lived stable features6.
Fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) - diagnosis, staging and management
Authors: Wang Huaijie , Xie Chong , Lin Weilong , Zhou Jinbang , Yang Weijia , Guo Zhengtuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis and treatment of fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) of the limb remains challenging since this entity is rare and complex. This paper is aimed to describe the clinical and imaging features, staging and management of this underrecognized disease of the limb.
Material and Method
Patients diagnosed with FAVA and managed between September 2019 and May 2022 in department of pediatric surgery of Xi’an international medical center hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Data extracted include age at presentation, previous diagnosis, affected muscles, symptoms, previous treatment, our management, and follow-up.
Results
Thirty-two patients with FAVA were diagnosed and managed in our center. There was a female sex predominance, with 23 female (72%) and 9 male (28%) in the cohort. Only one lesion was noticed during infancy; the remaining presented at age 1 to 20 years (median, 7 years). The most commonly involved muscles were gastrocnemius (14/32, 44%) and soleus (13/32, 40%). Swelling (mass), pain and contractures were the most common presentations. MRI featured a heterogeneous and ill-defined intramuscular high signal intensity. Diseases were staged according to clinical features: stage I (pain stage, n = 4), stage II (contracture stage, n = 20) and stage III (deformity stage, n = 8). Patients with stage I disease underwent radical resection and obtained a cure. Patients with stage II disease received radical resection and possible Achilles lengthening, having an outcome of cure. Personalized treatment was required in patients with stage III disease, including radical/partial/staged resection, Achilles lengthening/tenotomy, joint capsulotomy, neurolysis/neurectomy, tendon transfer, stretching exercises, and oral sirolimus/alpelisib. Significant improvement of symptoms was achieved in most.
Conclusion
The most distinct features of FAVA include enlarging mass, severe pain and contracture. Based on distinct clinical and radiologic features, it is not difficult to make the diagnosis of FAVA. Earlier awareness of this disease can reduce misdiagnoses. Surgery-based comprehensive management can typically improve pain and contracture. Oral sirolimus or alpelisib plays an important role in treatment of unresectable lesions and major nerve involvement. Surgery alone can be curative in early stage FAVA.
Antimalarial activity of the alkaloid, heptaphylline, and the furanocoumarin, imperatorin, from Clausena anisata against human Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Ex vivo trophozoitocidal, schizonticidal and gametocytocidal approach
Authors: Kumatia Emmanuel Kofi , Zoiku Felix , Asase Alex , Tung Nguyen Huu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: The erythrocytic stage life cycle of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, consists of trophozoite, schizont and gametocyte stages in humans. Various antimalarial agents target different stages of the parasite to produce treatment outcomes. This study reports on the stage specific antimalarial activity of heptaphylline and imperatorin against human P. falciparum in addition to their cytotoxicity and selectivity indices (SI).
Methods: The compounds were isolated from Clausena anisata using column chromatography and their structures elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. The antimalarial activity was determined by measuring the trophozoitocidal, schizonticidal and gametocytocidal activities of the compounds using the SYBR green assay. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay.
Results: Heptaphylline and imperatorin produced trophozoitocidal, schizonticidal and gametocytocidal activities with IC50s of 1.57 (0.2317) - 26.92 (0.3144) µM with those of artesunate (the standard drug) being 0.00024 (0.0036) - 0.0070 (0.0013) µM. In the cytotoxicity assay, the compounds produced CC50S greater than 350 µM and SI of 13.76 - 235.90. Also, the trophozoitocidal and schizonticidal activities of the compounds were more pronounced than their gametocytocidal activity. Imperatorin was 42.04% more trophozoitocidal than hepthaphyline. But, hepthaphyline has more schizonticidal and gametocytocidal properties than imperatorin.
Conclusion: Heptaphylline and imperatorin are therefore, promising antimalarial agents since, they possessed potent anti-malaria activity with weak cytotoxicity on RBCs. However, imperatorin is a better antimalaria prophylactic agent whereas heptaphylline is a better malaria treatment agent.
Spatiotemporal distributions and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface seawater of Laizhou Bay, China
Authors: shi di , Wu Fengchang , He Jia , Sun Yan , Qin Ning , Sun Fuhong , Su Hailei , Wang Beibei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The spatial-temporal distribution, source, and potential ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface seawater from Laizhou Bay were investigated. The total PAHs (ΣPAHs) concentration ranged from 277 to 4393 ng/L with an average of 1178 ng/L, thereby suggested a relatively moderate to high PAHs exposure level in Laizhou Bay in comparison to other bays in the world. The composition patterns and source apportionment results revealed that the coal, biomass burning, diesel emissions and petroleum combustion as well as the combination of these processes were the dominant sources of PAHs in the surface water, which were closely associated with sail process and sewage effluents. The ecological risk assessment indicated that BaP, Phe, Flua and Nap would exist ecological risks in most of surface seawater sites, but the Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) results showed that the current level of risk is not as severe as the Risk quotient (RQ) results revealed.
How do Saudi Board Orthopedic Surgery Residents perceive their residency learning experiences?
Authors: Mousa Ahmed Hafez , Alshreif Nouf Fahad , Nassar Jumanah , Alsuayri Razan , Alsayed Abdelrahman Waleed , Merdad Mahmoud Jamil , Alyami Ali H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background:
Learning in the context of residency education is built upon the foundational “premise that human beings have the ability to transfer what they have learned from one situation to another”. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of residents’ learning processes.
main objective is to provide a theoretical foundation that describes how residents learn while being part of a complex ecological context, that is the health care context.
Methods:
The number of participants recruited in this study are fourteen residents. While qualitative research is concerned with providing rich data rather than generalized findings, the number of participants is adequate to capture the depth and complexity of the phenomenon under investigation . The participants of the study are all Saudi Residents, enrolled in the Saudi Orthopedic Residency Program. Fourteen participants consented their participation in the study, two of which are females, and the other twelve are males. Upon IRB approval, participants consented to participate in the study in the Fall 2022. Pseudonyms are used to protect the identity of participants.
Results:
The conducted interview provided rich data, and, thus, the coding of the data resulted in generating multiple themes. The researchers focused on analyzing two themes relative to the research questions. The two major themes that the researchers will discuss are: learning through surgical experiences and learning through clinical experiences. These two major themes are related to subcategories that are interrelated and overlapped. In addition, these subcategories and themes were also analyzed in terms of their relevance given the complexity of the data.
Conclusion:
In our findings, we identified and shed light on major challenges residents face in their training