bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19-specific adult basic life support guideline strategies for chiropractors and other healthcare providers to maximize the safety and efficacy of resuscitation: a commentary
Authors: Woo Chun-Cheung 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The emergence of an unprecedented novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-C0V-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has created new scenarios in basic life support (BLS) management. According to current evidence, SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted airborne in aerosol particles during resuscitation. Research evidence found an alarming global increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers are legally obliged to respond to cardiac arrest as soon as possible. Chiropractors will likely encounter potential exercise-related and non-exercise-related cardiac emergencies at some point in their professional lives. They have a duty of care to respond to emergencies such as cardiac arrest. Chiropractors are increasingly involved in providing care, including emergency care, for athletes and spectators at sporting events. Also, exercise-related cardiac arrest in adult patients may occur during exercise testing or rehabilitation with exercise prescriptions in chiropractic and other healthcare settings. Little is known about the COVID-19 BLS guidelines for chiropractors. Knowledge of the current COVID-19-specific adult BLS guidelines is essential to developing an emergency response plan for the on-field and sideline management of exercise-related cardiac arrest and non-athletic, non-exercise-related cardiac arrest.

Main text
Seven peer-reviewed articles on the COVID-19-specific BLS guidelines, including two updates, were reviewed for this commentary. Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, the national and international resuscitation organizations recommended interim COVID-19-specific BLS guidelines with precaution, resuscitation, and education strategies. BLS safety is paramount. A precautionary approach with the bare minimum of appropriate personal protective equipment for resuscitation is recommended. There was disagreement among the COVID-19 BLS guidelines on the level of personal protective equipment. All healthcare professionals should also undergo self-directed BLS e-learning and virtual skill e-training. The summarized COVID-19-specific adult BLS guideline strategies and protocols are tabled, respectively.

Conclusions
This commentary provides a practical overview and highlights current evidence-based intervention strategies of the COVID-19-specific adult BLS guidelines that may help chiropractors and other healthcare providers reduce BLS-related exposures to SARS-CoV-2 and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and maximize the efficacy of resuscitation. This study is relevant to and impacts future COVID-19-related research in areas such as infection prevention and control.
The influence of prosthetic positioning and proximal femoral morphology on leg length discrepancy and early clinical outcomes of cementless total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Zhenchao , Zhang Zian , Lu Xinzhe , Liu Yikai , Zhang Haining 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a common complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the relationship between femoral prosthesis filling, proximal femoral morphology, and acetabular prosthesis positioning with postoperative LLD and clinical outcomes is unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of canal flare index (CFI), canal fill ratio (CFR), center of rotation (COR), and femoral offset (FO) on (1) postoperative LLD; and (2) clinical outcomes in the two stem designs with different coating distribution.

Methods
The study cohort included 161 patients who underwent primary cementless THA between January 2021 and March 2022 with either proximal coating or full coating stems. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of CFI, CFR, COR, and FO on postoperative LLD, and linear regression to assess their effect on clinical outcomes.

Results
No statistical difference was found in clinical outcomes or postoperative LLD between the two groups. High CFI (p = 0.014), low ΔVCOR (p = 0.012), and Gender (p = 0.028) were found independent risk factors for LLD one day postoperative. High CFI was also an independent risk factor for postoperative subjectively perceived LLD (p = 0.013). CFR at the level of 2 cm below the LT (p = 0.017) was an independent risk factor for Harris Hip Score.

Conclusions
Proximal femoral morphology and acetabular prosthesis positioning but not femoral prosthesis filling affected the LLD. High CFI was an independent risk factor for postoperative LLD and subjectively perceived LLD, and low ΔVCOR was also an independent risk factor for postoperative LLD. Women were susceptible to postoperative LLD.
Assessment of the WHO non-communicable diseases kit for humanitarian emergencies in South Sudan: a retrospective, prospective, observational study
Authors: Alani Ahmad Hecham , Miller Laura , Darji Bhavika , Waweru Isaac , Atwiine Aston Benjamin , Tonelli Marcello , Mogga Joseph Lou Kenyi , Adams Ali , Ndinda Lilian , Jongo Said , Kiapi Lilian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The WHO Non-Communicable Diseases Kit (NCDK) was developed to support care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in humanitarian settings. Targeting primary healthcare, each kit contains medicines and supplies that are forecasted to meet the needs of 10,000 people for 3 months. This study aimed to evaluate the NCDK deployment process, contents, usage and limitations, and to explore its acceptability and effectiveness among healthcare workers (HCWs) in South Sudan.

Methods
This mixed-method observational study captured data from pre-and-post NCDK deployment. Six data collection tools included: (i) contextual analysis, (ii) semi-structured interviews, in addition to surveys measuring/assessing (iii) healthcare workers’ knowledge about NCDs, and healthcare workers’ perceptions of: (iv) health facility infrastructure, (v) pharmaceutical supply chain, and (vi) NCDK content. The pre- and post-deployment evaluations were conducted in four facilities (October-2019) and three facilities (April-2021), respectively. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data and content analysis for open-ended questions. A thematic analysis was applied on interviews findings and further categorized into four predetermined themes.

Results
Compared to baseline, two of the re-assessed facilities had improved service availability for NCDs. Respondents described NCDs as a growing problem that is not addressed at a national level. After deployment, the same struggles were intensified with the COVID-19 pandemic. The delivery process was slow and faced delays associated with several barriers. After deployment, poor communications and the “push system” of inventories were commonly perceived by stakeholders, leading to expiry/disposal of some contents. Despite being out-of-stock at baseline, at least 55% of medicines were found to be unused post-deployment and the knowledge surveys demonstrated a need for improving HCWs knowledge of NCDs.

Conclusions
This assessment further confirmed the NCDK role in maintaining continuity of care on a short-term period. However, its effectiveness was dependent on the health system supply chain in place and the capacity of facilities to manage and treat NCDs. Availability of medicines from alternative sources made some of the NCDK medicines redundant or unnecessary for some health facilities. Several learnings were identified in this assessment, highlighting barriers that contributed to the kit underutilization.
A pregnant lady with compound bowel obstruction managed with thoracic epidural as sole anesthesia in a resource-restricted setting: a case report
Authors: Wonte Mesay Milkias , Bantie Abere Tilahun , Tadesse Muhiddin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Preserving the mother’s safety, sustaining the pregnancy state, and achieving the optimal fetal outcome are the major priorities when managing obstetric patients for non-obstetric surgery. Only necessary and urgent surgeries are carried out during pregnancy due to the effects of anesthesia and surgery on the fetus. Compound bowel obstruction (small and large bowel obstruction) is rare, especially during the third trimester of pregnancy. Besides this, the procedure (laparotomy) was done with awake opioid-based thoracic epidural anesthesia as the sole anesthesia. This case report of awake laparotomy for major abdominal surgery is the first of its kind with an excellent feto-maternal outcome.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old African pregnant lady presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and vomiting for an 8-hour duration; associated with this, she had a history of blurred vision, lightheadedness, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, and constipation. Later, she was diagnosed with large bowel obstruction and underwent an emergency laparotomy, managed with a thoracic epidural sole anesthesia.

Conclusion
A multidisciplinary team approach is greatly recommended to safeguard a sufficient standard of care for both the mother and fetus. The provision of regional anesthesia for patients with high risks in perioperative periods is crucial for a better postoperative outcome. We have confidence that thoracic epidural anesthesia can be used as another anesthetic option for major abdominal surgery in a resource-restricted setting for patients who are expected to have a significant risk of perioperative adverse events under general anesthesia.
Succession and determinants of the early life nasopharyngeal microbiota in a South African birth cohort
Authors: Claassen-Weitz Shantelle , Gardner-Lubbe Sugnet , Xia Yao , Mwaikono Kilaza S. , Mounaud Stephanie Harris , Nierman William C. , Workman Lesley , Zar Heather J. , Nicol Mark P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBacteria colonizing the nasopharynx play a key role as gatekeepers of respiratory health. Yet, dynamics of early life nasopharyngeal (NP) bacterial profiles remain understudied in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where children have a high prevalence of risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection. We investigated longitudinal changes in NP bacterial profiles, and associated exposures, among healthy infants from low-income households in South Africa.MethodsWe used short fragment (V4 region) 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize NP bacterial profiles from 103 infants in a South African birth cohort, at monthly intervals from birth through the first 12 months of life and six monthly thereafter until 30 months.ResultsCorynebacteriumandStaphylococcuswere dominant colonizers at 1 month of life; however, these were rapidly replaced byMoraxella-orHaemophilus-dominated profiles by 4 months. This succession was almost universal and largely independent of a broad range of exposures. Warm weather (summer), lower gestational age, maternal smoking, no day-care attendance, antibiotic exposure, or low height-for-agezscore at 12 months were associated with higher alpha and beta diversity. Summer was also associated with higher relative abundances ofStaphylococcus,Streptococcus,Neisseria, or anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, whilst spring and winter were associated with higher relative abundances ofHaemophilusorCorynebacterium, respectively. Maternal smoking was associated with higher relative abundances ofPorphyromonas. Antibiotic therapy (or isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis) was associated with higher relative abundance of anerobic taxa (Porphyromonas,Fusobacterium, andPrevotella) and with lower relative abundances of health associated-taxaCorynebacteriumandDolosigranulum. HIV-exposure was associated with higher relative abundances ofKlebsiellaorVeillonellaand lower relative abundances of an unclassified genus within the family Lachnospiraceae.ConclusionsIn this intensively sampled cohort, there was rapid and predictable replacement of early profiles dominated by health-associatedCorynebacteriumandDolosigranulumwith those dominated byMoraxellaandHaemophilus, independent of exposures. Season and antibiotic exposure were key determinants of NP bacterial profiles. Understudied but highly prevalent exposures prevalent in LMICs, including maternal smoking and HIV-exposure, were associated with NP bacterial profiles.
Nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding mixing medications with food: a multicenter cross-sectional study from a developing country
Authors: Daibes Marah A. , Qedan Rawan I. , Al-Jabi Samah W. , Koni Amer A. , Zyoud Sa’ed H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Different pharmaceutical characteristics of the dosage form (DF) have a direct effect on how easily oral solid medicine is swallowed. The practice of crushing tablets or opening the capsule occurs daily in the hospital, and most nurses are unknowledgeable regarding these issues. Coadministration of medications with food can cause changes in drug absorption and lead to an alteration in gastrointestinal motility, which can cause an unexpected effect on the dissolution and absorption of the drug. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate nurses' knowledge and practices regarding the mixing of medications with food or drink in Palestine.

Methods
From June 2019 to April 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted, encompassing nurses working in government hospitals across various districts of Palestine. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, using questionnaires that assessed nurses' understanding and implementation of mixing medications with food. The sampling method employed was convenience sampling. To analyze the gathered information, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 (IBM-SPSS) was utilized.

Results
A total of 200 nurses participated in the study. The data show a significant difference between the median knowledge scores according to the department of work (p < 0.001). The highest median [interquartile] knowledge score of 15 [12–15] was found for nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit. In addition, nurses in the pediatric ward and the men’s medical ward had high scores of 13 [11.5–15] and 13 [11–14], respectively. In general, the results show that 88% of nurses modified oral DF prior to administration to patients. Regarding the type of food used, mixing medicine into juice was the most common procedure performed by nurses (approximately 84%); 35% of nurses used orange juice to mix with medicine. The most common reason for crushing was to administer medications to patients with a nasogastric tube (41.5%). In regard to medications, aspirin was the most frequently used drug that was crushed by the nurses (44%); however, 35.5% of nurses did not feel sufficiently trained to carry out this practice. Concerning the sources of information, 58% of nurses usually asked pharmacists for information about medications.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that crushing and mixing medications with food is common among nurses, and most nurses are unaware of the dangerous effect of this practice on patient health. Pharmacists, as medication experts, should participate in sharing knowledge about unnecessary crushing situations or when crushing should be avoided and try to find an alternative, when available, to aid administration.
Primary pilocytic astrocytoma of cerebello-pontine angle in the pediatric age group: literature review and case report
Authors: Mahakul Dibya Jyoti , Premsagar Ishwar Chandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Primary pilocytic astrocytoma of the CPA (Cerebello-pontine angle), in the pediatric age group is an extremely rare entity, with just three cases reported so far. It mostly arises from the root entry zone of the cranial nerves found in this cistern.

Case presentation
A 11-year boy presented with headache, hearing impairment in right ear. Pure tone audiogram and BAER (Brainstem auditory evoked response) suggested retro-cochlear sensori-neural hearing loss. MRI revealed a heterogeneously enhancing extra-axial lesion in the right CPA. Tumor was approached through right retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy. Intraoperatively it seemed to arise from the REZ (root entry zone) of CN VIII and histopathology confirmed it to be pilocytic astrocytoma. We have reported this as only the fourth case and reviewed the already existing literature. In the previous case reports an extensive immunohistochemical analysis was not done and the final diagnosis was not as per the Harlem consensus guidelines.

Conclusion
In this case, we have tried to report the final histopathology in accordance with the 5th edition of WHO classification of CNS tumors. In the current era of molecular diagnosis and layered structural format of reporting a histopathology, this case is the first of its kind and emphasizes the need to consider PA as one of the differentials for lesions in CPA.
Cut-off scores for mild and moderate dementia on the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III and the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination
Authors: McCarthy Louise , Rubinsztein Judy , Lowry Ellen , Flanagan Emma , Menon Vandana , Vearncombe Silvia , Mioshi Eneida , Hornberger Michael 
Published: June 2023

Aims and methodWe aimed to establish cut-off scores to stage dementia on the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) and the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) compared with scores traditionally used with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Our cross-sectional study recruited 80 patients and carers from secondary care services in the UK.ResultsA score ≤76 on the ACE-III and ≤19 on the M-ACE correlated well with MMSE cut-offs for mild dementia, with a good fit on the receiver operating characteristic analysis for both the ACE-III and M-ACE. The cut-off for moderate dementia had lower sensitivity and specificity. There were low to moderate correlations between the cognitive scales and scales for everyday functioning and behaviour.Clinical implicationsOur findings allow an objective interpretation of scores on the ACE-III and the M-ACE relative to the MMSE, which may be helpful for clinical services and research trials.
Anthracycline-Free Protocol for Favorable-Risk Childhood ALL: A Noninferiority Comparison Between Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2003 and ALL 2010 Studies
Authors: Ariffin Hany , Chiew Edwynn Kean Hui , Oh Bernice Ling Zhi , Lee Shawn Hsien Ren , Lim Evelyn Huizi , Kham Shirley Kow Yin , Abdullah Wan Ariffin , Chan Lee Lee , Foo Koon Mian , Lam Joyce Ching Mei , Chan Yiong Huak , Lin Hai Peng , Quah Thuan Chong , Tan Ah Moy , Yeoh Allen Eng Juh 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE To investigate whether, for children with favorable-risk B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL), an anthracycline-free protocol is noninferior to a modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster ALL-IC2002 protocol, which includes 120 mg/m2 of anthracyclines. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred sixty-nine children with favorable-risk BCP-ALL (age 1-9 years, no extramedullary disease, and no high-risk genetics) who cleared minimal residual disease (≤0.01%) at the end of remission induction were enrolled into Ma-Spore (MS) ALL trials. One hundred sixty-seven standard-risk (SR) patients (34% of Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2003 study [MS2003]) were treated with the MS2003-SR protocol and received 120 mg/m2 of anthracyclines during delayed intensification while 202 patients (42% of MS2010) received an anthracycline-free successor protocol. The primary outcome was a noninferiority margin of 1.15 in 6-year event-free survival (EFS) between the MS2003-SR and MS2010-SR cohorts. RESULTS The 6-year EFS of MS2003-SR and MS2010-SR (anthracycline-free) cohorts was 95.2% ± 1.7% and 96.5% ± 1.5%, respectively ( P = .46). The corresponding 6-year overall survival was 97.6% and 99.0% ± 0.7% ( P = .81), respectively. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 3.6% and 2.6%, respectively ( P = .42). After adjustment for race, sex, age, presenting WBC, day 8 prednisolone response, and favorable genetic subgroups, the hazard ratio for MS2010-SR EFS was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.14; P = .79), confirming noninferiority. Compared with MS2003-SR, MS2010-SR had significantly lower episodes of bacteremia (30% v 45.6%; P = .04) and intensive care unit admissions (1.5% v 9.5%; P = .004). CONCLUSION In comparison with MS2003-SR, the anthracycline-free MS2010-SR protocol is not inferior and was less toxic as treatment for favorable-risk childhood BCP-ALL.
Gendering the Nador/Melilla Border
Authors: Gordillo Luz María 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This essay first analyzes the construction of a “Muslim Woman Other” as a particular social reality through the dissemination of academic and media discourses, militarization of the border, and the implementation of immigration policies and practices that allow “for the normalization of exclusionary practices,” which the Nijmegen school calls a process of “B/Ordering as Ordering and Othering.” Second, it positions porteadoras’ deaths and risks to their health within the political and the religious order; Muslim Moroccan women operate within strong religious and cultural spaces that dominate their everyday lives. The concept of “bordering and ordering” through “Othering” helps frame the Nador/Melilla border as the site where the “Muslim Woman Other” is constructed either as a de facto trope of victimhood in need of saving or as a national threat transgressing the management and ordering of the border and in need of violent discipline. The militarization of the Nador/Melilla border and implementation of immigration laws have served as major justifications to covertly exploit and cheapen the labor of Moroccan Muslim working-class women through globalized free market economies that erode welfare policies while supporting the free exchange of consumer goods.
Maintenance of neuronal fate and transcriptional identity
Authors: Aughey Gabriel N. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The processes that drive naive multipotent stem cells towards fully differentiated fates are increasingly well understood. However, once differentiated, the mechanisms and molecular factors involved in maintaining differentiated states and associated transcriptomes are less well studied. Neurons are a post-mitotic cell-type with highly specialised functions that largely lack the capacity for renewal. Therefore, neuronal cell identities and the transcriptional states that underpin them are locked into place by active mechanisms that prevent lineage reversion/dedifferentiation and repress cell cycling. Furthermore, individual neurons may be very long-lived, so these mechanisms must be sufficient to ensure the fidelity of neuronal transcriptomes over long time periods. This Review aims to provide an overview of recent progress in understanding how neuronal cell fate and associated gene expression are maintained and the transcriptional regulators that are involved. Maintenance of neuronal fate and subtype specification are discussed, as well as the activating and repressive mechanisms involved. The relevance of these processes to disease states, such as brain cancers and neurodegeneration is outlined. Finally, outstanding questions and hypotheses in this field are proposed.