bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Embryo 3D Surface Geometry Using Multiple Macroscope Images
Authors: Brodland G. Wayne , Veldhuis Jim H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An algorithm for reconstructing the surface geometry of a developing embryo using macroscope images taken from at least two viewing angles is presented. A feature of the method is that it can correct for translational camera errors. To implement the method, point correspondences must be established between feature points that are visible in two or more views. If the embryo surface has sufficient optical texture, this can be done by computer using image processing techniques (Veldhuis and Brodland, 1996). A system of linear equations that determine the three-dimensional point locations and camera translations that minimize the total squared error are derived. These can be solved directly for each reconstruction case.
Multi-Body Contact Analysis of the Tibiofemoral Joint in Varus-Valgus
Authors: Bendjaballah M. Z. , Shirazi-Adl A. , Zukor D. J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The passive stability of the human knee joint under various loads and motions is provided by the multi-body articulations, menisci, and ligaments. In this study we sought to investigate the articulation response of the joint under varus-valgus moments and determine the influence of sectioning collaterals on the joint biomechanics. For this purpose, a nonlinear 3-D finite element (FE) model of the human knee [1] is used in which, the multi-body articulation between cartilage layers as well as the intervening menisci are treated as a frictionless nonlinear contact problem. The mechanical response of the intact joint at full extension is investigated in varus-valgus moments of up to 15N-m followed by two analyses that simulate MCL and LCL-deficient human knees under valgus and varus moments, respectively. Attention is focused on the mechanism of contact and load transmission across the tibiofemoral articulation and the overall biomechanics of the joint including joint kinematics, ligament forces, and stress/strain states in various components for the intact and collateral-deficient knee models.
A Telemetry System for In-Vivo Temperature Measurement in Orthopaedic Implants
Authors: Shetty Devdas , Kondo Jun , Fast Avital 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The need for a miniaturized, telemetrized and light weight implantable device to monitor the human and animal bio-parameters has been increasing in recent years as more researchers try to understand the cause and effects of various diseases that lend themselves to human and animal disability. This paper highlights a methodology of monitoring the temperature variations over a period of time in large animals. This research has focussed on the design and development of a miniaturized sensing and transmission mechanism to acquire the temperature data. The system uses a real time visual simulation based data acquisition system which has advantages while monitoring the healing parameters in animals. The visual simulation system can also be used for the modeling of the sensing methodology in addition to the monitoring of the data. Simulated in vitro studies in the laboratory were conducted. The results from a canine knee joint implant indicate the presence of lower temperature under normal activities. The paper, which describes the scientific objectives of the design problems, highlights the test results.
Investigation Into a Miniaturized Sensing Device for Angular Measurement in Hip Implants
Authors: Soni M. K. , Shetty D. , Leone D. J. , Nowak M. D. , Lewis C. G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper looks at a methodology of precision measurement of angular micro-motion in a hip prosthesis. This research involved investigating various types of angular sensing devises such as potentiometric sensors, capacitive sensors, inductance transducers, variable reluctance transducers, optical encoders and hall effect sensors. After considering their feasibility, a hall effect sensor was designed for a model of an implant and a femur. A brief description of the design procedure is given. The results of the experiment show that the usage of hall sensors for micro-motion measurement are promising.
Finite Element Mesh Generation Using Skeleton-Based Decomposition of Sliced Biomedical Image Data: Application to Limb Prosthetics
Authors: Zachariah Santosh G. , Sanders Joan E. , Turkiyyah George M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A systematic method to generate hexahedral meshes for finite element (FE) analysis of residual limbs and similar biomedical geometries is presented. It utilizes skeleton-based subdivision of parallel cross-sections into geometrically simple regions onto which structured meshes are easily mapped. Tubular surfaces, defined using B-splines, were chosen to describe component geometries. Application to a below-knee (BK) residual limb is described. Automated hexahedral meshing of sliced data is an advancement in prosthetic stress analysis allowing rapid generation and iterative optimization of the mesh.
Wear of Acetabular Component in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Parametric Mathematical Model
Authors: Pietrabissa Riccardo , Di Martino Elena , Brugnolotti Gloria , Chichi Marcella , Grappiolo Guido 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a parametric mathematical model to evaluate the dependence of acetabular component wear upon characteristic parameters of the patient and the total hip prosthesis.
On the Biaxial Mechanical Coupling Behavior of Chemically Treated Bovine Pericardium
Authors: Sacks Michael S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Characterization of the non-linear biaxial mechanical properties of chemically treated bovine pericardium (BP) is necessary of proper bioprosthetic heart valve design. New chemical treatment technologies such as photo-oxidation (Moore, et al., 1994), whose aim is to reduce calcification, produce new biomaterials with unknown mechanical behaviors. Further, the state of tension during fixation can profoundly affect the mechanical properties chemically treated BP. In this work we performed biaxial mechanical testing on free-fixed glutaraldehyde treated BP and photo-oxidized tissue that was free-fixed and pre-stretched during fixation. BP biaxial mechanical behavior was modeled using an exponential strain energy function. This strain energy function allowed comparisons of the coupling responses using the globally derived material constants.
Acoustic Emission Detection of Microdamage in Cortical Bone
Authors: Kohn David H. , Rajachar Rupak M. , Thompson Thomas M. , Wcissman Neil A. , Curtis Christopher E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It has been hypothesized that microdamage is a precursor to bone remodeling, regeneration, repair and osseointegration into implants. If damage occurs at a slow enough rate, bone remodeling serves to repair the damage. However, if damage accumulates faster than repair, the microdamage propagates, larger cracks are formed, and catastrophic fracture can occur. Structural damage in bone is associated with stress fractures, pathological fractures, and degenerative diseases. Many of these fractures are not detected until catastrophic fracture occurs, and are thought to be fatigue fractures. By detecting microdamage at an early stage, material failure mechanisms can be related to microstructural and mechanical parameters, yielding insight into potential mechanisms causing microdamage and governing failure.
The Mechanics of the Mechanosensory System in Bone
Authors: Cowin Stephen C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A candidate for the mechanosensory mechanism by which living bone senses its applied mechanical loading and subsequently adapts its tissue structure to accommodate the loading is presented. The emphasis in the presentation will be on ideas and mechanisms — the underlying equations will be described but not presented. The work presented is to be that accomplished jointly with my colleague Shelly Weinbaum and our students, but it is dependent on the work of many others, particularly Sol Pollack and his students, and Clint Rubin, Ken MeLeod and their associates.
Variation of Young’s Modulus and Hardness in Human Lumbar Vertebrae Measured by Nanoindentation
Authors: Roy Marcel , Rho Jae-Young , Tsui Ting Y. , Pharr George M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The nanoindentation technique was used to characterize the variation of the intrinsic mechanical properties of human lumbar vertebral cortical and trabecular bone. Significant differences in mechanical properties between various orientations were revealed. Longitudinal sections of vertically aligned trabeculae have a hardness and elastic modulus higher than other directions of cortical and trabecular bone.
Biomechanics-Based Pre-Operative Planning in THR: Application of Fictitious Domain Method
Authors: Kallivokas Loukas F. , Jaramaz Branislav , Ghattas Omar , Shah Sameer V. , DiGioia Anthony M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Typical pre-operative planner in total hip replacement (THR) surgeries includes only geometric templating capabilities that are used, invariably, to find an appropriate match between the femoral and acetabular implants and their respective receiving bones. Such systems lack the predictive capabilities that could conceivably be offered by pre-operative planners enhanced with biomechanical evaluation modules. For the augmented pre-operative planners to be of clinical use, the underlying analysis tools need be reliable, fast and accurate. However, most analysis tools are designed and tested outside the context of a pre-operative planner and in an ad-hoc way that is difficult to automate, if one were to meet the severe demands of a patient-specific pre-operative planning environment. Furthermore, the typical modeling pipeline that is the backbone of the analysis part of a biomechanical evaluation module, is burdened by the introduction of approximation errors. We report here on a novel approach that greatly simplifies the typical modeling pipeline.
Computer and Robot Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Fadda Marco , Marcacci Maurilio , La Palombara Francesco , Bertelli Daniele , Visani Andrea , Dario Paolo , Paggetti Cristiano 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Total Knee Arthroplasty (T.K.A) is a complex intervention aimed at restoring a good level of patient’s activity by substituting damaged knee articular surfaces by a compound prosthesis. As a matter of fact, the intervention is not very repeatable, because of the large amount of variables influencing it and for this reason, long term positive results are achieved only in a limited number of patients which do not need to be reoperated during their life (Hungerford et al. 1993).
Computer Assisted Planning for Knee Surgery: A Patient Specific Approach
Authors: Heegaard Jean H. , Hovey Chad B. , Kaplan Matt L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Current medical imaging technology provides orthopaedic surgeons with powerful tools to diagnose knee joint disorders. However, after having planned a corrective procedure, surgeons are confronted with the problem of transposing a pre-operative protocol based on medical images to the patient. Furthermore, this planning all to often bears an inherent qualitative character resulting from the current impossibility to fully appreciate the complexity of the joint’s biomechanics.
Computational Models for Cardiac Looping
Authors: Taber Larry A. , Perucchio Renato 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Early in development, the initially straight heart tube bends (loops) into a curved tube. Two theoretical models are proposed for the mechanism of cardiac looping. In one model, a residual stress in the dorsal mesocardium drives looping, while in the other model, microfilament contraction drives the deformation. The results show that the models are consistent with most of the available experimental data, but further studies are necessary.
Measurement of Friction Properties at the Bone-Metal Interface for Various Porous Metal Surfaces
Authors: Dammak M. , Shirazi-Adl A. , Schwartz M. , Gustavson L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In joint arthroplasty, adequate initial and long-term fixation of implant components to host bone represents a great challenge as a stable fixation is a prerequisite to its satisfactory performance. In a cementless implant, bone-prosthesis interface friction plays an important role in the transfer of shear stresses and, hence, in the fixation stability of the system, particularly in the immediate post-operative period when no bony ingrowth has yet occurred. The friction properties at the interface between tibial cancellous bone and a number of metal plates (ie, a beaded porous surface, a fibre mesh porous surface, and a smooth surface) have previously been measured under single and repetitive loadings [1,2]. In this investigation, friction properties of four different metal surfaces on polyurethane and cancellous bone specimens are measured and compared. Three different normal stresses of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.25 MPa are used. Bone cubes are obtained from different proximal regions of resurfaced cadaveric tibiae. Both monotonic and cyclic fatigue loadings of up to 4000 cycles at one Hz are considered.
Efficient Finite Element Method for Contact Analysis of Articular Joints
Authors: Stone James J.-S. , Ju Shen-Haw , Chao Edmund Y. S. , Morrey Bernard F. , An Kai-Nan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An efficient 2-D continuum finite element method (FEM), including the rigid body algorithm and our previously developed contact element, was formulated for the contact stress analysis of articular joints. This FEM can calculate the contact pressure distribution on articular surfaces and stress distribution inside of cartilage. This method can model geometric and material nonlinearities for both the static and dynamic situations. The major advantage of this method is that only the soft cartilage requires finite element (FE) mesh, while the bony structure can be modeled as a rigid body due to its relatively rigid nature. Since much less degrees of freedom are now required in FEM, much faster computing speed can be achieved.
Efficient Parametrization of the Configuration Space for Rigid Multi-Body Contact and Impact
Authors: Heegaard Jean H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Contact and impact problems are routinely encountered in joint biomechanics and computer generated gait analyses. Reduction of the system’s configuration space dimensions by inequality constraints is one of the main difficulty when solving such problems. Much effort has been devoted, especially by the finite element community, to the formulation of contact constraints which are easy to compute (Laursen and Simo, 1993; Heegaard, 1995; Wriggers and Imhof, 1993).
An Interactive Model of the Human Thigh for Simulating Surgical Procedures in Virtual Environments
Authors: Basdogan Cagatay , Loan Peter , Rosen Joseph M. , Delp Scott L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We have developed an interactive 3D model of the human thigh along with a set of surgical tools to simulate surgical procedures in virtual environments. The project will have applications in the training of medical personnel to treat traumatic injuries. Our current simulation system uses a graphics workstation, stereo glasses, and a 6-degree-of-freedom positioning device. Future versions of the system will provide a more realistic training environment by employing force-feedback devices.
Influence of Q Angle on Patellofemoral Tracking During a Simulated Walking Cycle
Authors: Pavlovic Jennifer L. , Bourgeault Craig A. , Bechtold Joan E. , Gustilo Ramon B. , Durfee William K. , Kirstukas Steven J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The angle between the line of application of the quadriceps force and the direction of the patellar ligament is commonly called the Q angle. A large Q angle, with an excessive lateral pull by the quadriceps muscles on the patella, may cause pain and lateral patellar dislocation. Three-dimensional (3D) patellofemoral (p-f) tracking, as a function of a 5° increase (+) and decrease (−) in Q angle, was measured in vitro during a dynamic walking cycle on a knee simulation machine to determine the effects of change in Q angle on patellar shift (medial-lateral translation), rotation (in the frontal plane) and tilt (in the transverse plane) during walking. One objective of this study was to assess whether these effects could be emulated with an acceptable degree of realism on our knee simulation machine. Full details about this study can be found in [Pavlovic, 1996].
Effect of Learning and Training in the Post-Acute Stroke Phase
Authors: Krebs Hermano Igo , Hogan Neville , Aisen Mindy L. , Volpe Bruce T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We are investigating the application of robotic and automation technology to assist in stroke rehabilitation. Cerebral vascular accident (stroke) annually affects over a quarter of a million people in the U.S. and is the most common diagnosis of patients admitted to rehabilitation hospitals. Current therapeutic practices are labor intensive and consist of a series of individualized sensory-motor exercise routines conducted in one-on-one sessions between the patient and the therapist. Whether this individualized sensory-motor therapy is important for a patient’s functional recovery remains controversial. Our effort have been concentrated on a) evaluating the safety and acceptability of robots in a clinical setting; b) evaluating the effectiveness of robot-aided neuro-rehabilitation; c) increasing our understanding of the process of post-traumatic recovery of sensory-motor function. Preliminary results of the pilot clinical trial can be found elsewhere [2][3].
Fluoroscopic Particle Tracking in a Model Aneurysm Using Traceable Droplets
Authors: Lieber B. B. , Rudin S. , Wakhloo A. K. , Stancampiano A. P. , Bednarek D. R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Conventional angiographic techniques are limited by their ability to provide only streaklines of flow patterns and does not render quantitative analysis of the flow. In this study we examined the possibility of obtaining quantitative flow information by injecting insoluble droplets of contrast material into an aneurysm phantom. The phantom was connected to a recirculating flow apparatus. Pulsatile flow was employed with a working fluid mixture of 1:1 water glycerine solution. The flow patterns in the phantom were investigated using a fluoroscopic unit. Calibrated droplets of insoluble contrast media, Ethiodol, were injected at different locations in the channel carrying the aneurysm. Droplet paths were recorded at a rate of 30 frames per second. Peak flow velocity of the droplets was determined from displacement of the droplets between successive video frames and the known geometry of the model. The results of the video velocity analysis compared reasonably well with velocity values calculated from the measured flow rate by an electromagnetic flow meter.
Accuracy of Axial Wall Shear Stress Measurements From a Three Dimensional Particle Tracking System
Authors: Thacker Monica , Tsao RayChang , Jones Steven A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An automated three-dimensional particle tracking system has been evaluated for its ability to measure axial wall shear stress in a biologically relevant flow system. The flow system and particles modeled the conditions of monocytes in a large artery stenosis. It is shown that wall shear stress can be accurately obtained and that the error is a function of shear rate, shear rate gradient, and distance from the wall.
Curvature Changes of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery During the Cardiac Cycle
Authors: Gross Mark F. , VanFossen Douglas B. , Friedman Morton H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A system was developed to track the position and curvature of the human coronary arteries during a cardiac cycle using bi-plane angiography. The system uses a time interpolation technique on one image plane to create simultaneous image pairs. The image pairs are then used to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) axes of the vessels over the cardiac cycle. From the axes, curvature measurements have been made on a portion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) at approximately 30 different times during the cardiac cycle. Results show that the changes in curvature over the cardiac cycle vary considerably from point to point.
Flow and Particle Paths in Three-Dimensional Model Skeletal Muscle Ventricles
Authors: Iudicello F. , Henry F. S. , Collins M. W. , Shortland A. , Black R. , Jarvis J. C. , Salmons S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional simulations of the flow in a model Skeletal Muscle Ventricle (SMV) were performed. Predicted flow patterns during ventricular filling were compared with experimental data from a physical model under identical conditions. The reliability of the numerical predictions was established by validation against in vitro data. Good agreement with the experiments was achieved. Particle pathlines in the three-dimensional model were also generated, and these will be used to estimate residence times in more realistic three-dimensional models.
Distal Anastomotic Intimal Hyperplasia in Human Aortocoronary Vein Grafts
Authors: Ojha Matadial , Butany Jagdish 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a common way of treating the occlusive disease, atherosclerosis. However, these grafts tend to fail due to thrombosis from (i) surgical techniques and the diseased state of the native coronary artery a few months post-surgery[Lesperance et al., 1972; Campeau et al., 1975], and (ii) the development of intimal hyperplasia that acts a precursor for atherosclerosis and plaque rupture one or more years post-operatively [Grodin et al., 1979; Campeau et al., 1983]. Coronary vein grafts tend to occlude preferentially at the distal end-to-side anastomosis and less frequently at sites along the graft itself (i.e. the graft body) and at the proximal anastomosis [FitzGibbon et al., 1978, 1986].
The Influence of Muscle Contraction on the Kinematics of the Knee Joint
Authors: Andriacchi Thomas P. , Toney M. Kent , Dyrby Chris , Conley Arthur 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the interaction between muscle contraction and the kinematics of the knee. In particular, the anterior-posterior (AP) movement of the femur on the tibia has been described primarily from passive testing (2). The dynamic action of the extensor and flexor muscle groups at the knee can have a substantial influence on the AP movement of the femur on the tibia. This dynamic information is important for understanding a number of issues related to ligament reconstruction as well as the designs of total knee replacement. However, most knowledge of six degree of freedom knee kinematics is based on passive testing.
Markerless Three Dimensional Measurement of Knee Kinematics Using Single-Plane Fluoroscopy
Authors: Banks Scott A. , Banks Anne Z. , Cook Frank F. , Hodge W. Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Kinematics of the normal, injured, or prosthetically replaced knee joint are a complex combination of rolling, gliding and rotational motions which are significantly influenced by the activity undertaken, the integrity of the ligaments and capsular structures, muscle activity, and articular geometry. Accurate kinematic information is critical to understanding the function and pathogenesis of the knee, particularly during weight bearing dynamic activities. The present study was undertaken to characterize the accuracy of a non-invasive fluoroscopic technique for measuring dynamic three-dimensional (3D) knee motions in individuals whose knees have not been prosthetically replaced. This technique utilizes orthogonal planar radiographic views of the knee to create a 3D contour model of consistently identifiable bony features for both the tibia and femur. The measurement technique is implemented by projecting the contour model onto digitized fluoroscopic images of the moving knee, and determining the translations and rotations which give the best correspondence between the projected contour model and the radiographic projection of the bone. Controlled in vitro assessment of the technique resulted in a rotational accuracy of 1.8 degrees and a sagittal plane translational accuracy of 1.2 mm.