bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic investigation of a NbTi-Bi2223 hybrid low-resistive joint
Authors: Sun Wanshuo , Wang Yaohui , Zhang Zili , Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Lei , Cheng Junsheng , Suo Hongli , Wang Qiuliang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, a NbTi-Bi2223 hybrid low-resistive joint fabricated by the superconducting solder method was systematically investigated. The joint is a necessary component of gigahertz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with Bi2223 as the insert coil. The joint resistance and current capability under different applied magnetic fields were measured, and the resistance exhibited a near-linear relationship with the applied field. Beyond the superconducting properties, the allowed mechanical criteria for the Bi2223 tape in the joint were also briefly studied. Based on the above two properties, a 1.3 GHz NMR design with a NbTi-Bi2223 hybrid low-resistive joint was shown as an application demonstration. Although the current resistance can fit the magnetic-field decay criteria, obtaining a lower resistance value was attempted by extending the joint length but failed. The main source of the resistance in NbTi-Bi2223 was studied. We attempt to show an engineering-feasible NbTi-Bi2223 hybrid low-resistive joint to help improve the development of gigahertz NMR.
Temperature-dependent optical dispersion spectra for a single CeO2 thin-film layer in UV–vis and its reflection and transmission in the IR region
Authors: Lee Changkyun , Kortge David , Zhu Jie , Song Jiawei , Wang Haiyan , Ruan Xiulin , Bermel Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
CeO2 is a rare-earth refractory material with high refractive index, high thermal stability and infrared transparency; this knowledge can be utilized to develop practical thin films for high temperature thermophotovoltaics (TPVs) and thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Here, we report ellipsometric measurements of a CeO2 thin film in the wavelength range 210 nm–2500 nm from room temperature to 500 ∘C. Because most previous spectroscopic studies of CeO2 evaluated its optical properties only at room temperature, our findings provide insights into the potential impacts of temperature change on the aforementioned applications, induced by the changes in its electronic structure. We also provide the reflectance and transmittance measurements of the same CeO2 thin film at room temperature using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This knowledge can be leveraged to develop TPV and TBC designs. Finally, we used a software package called Stanford Stratified Structure Solver (S4) to simulate the angle-dependent reflectance spectrum. The optical properties of CeO2 films measured by ellipsometry are used as inputs to predict reflectance spectra. Comparison of the experimental FTIR reflectance with simulated reflectance in S4 shows strong agreement at three different angles.
Symmetry-adapted encodings for qubit number reduction by point-group and other Boolean symmetries
Authors: Picozzi Dario , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A symmetry-adapted fermion-to-spin mapping or encoding that is able to store information about the occupancy of the n spin-orbitals of a molecular system into a lower number of n − k qubits in a quantum computer (where the number of reduced qubits k ranges from 2 to 5 depending on the symmetry of the system) is introduced. This mapping reduces the computational cost of a quantum computing simulation and at the same time enforces symmetry constraints. These symmetry-adapted encodings (SAEs) can be explicitly seen as a block-diagonalization of the Jordan–Wigner qubit Hamiltonian, followed by an orthogonal projection. We provide the form of the Clifford tableau for a general class of fermion-to-qubit encodings, and then use it to construct the map that block-diagonalizes the Hamiltonian in the SAEs. The algorithm proposed does not require any further computations to obtain this map, which is derived directly from the character table of the molecular point group. An implementation of the algorithm is presented as an open-source Python package, QuantumSymmetry, a user guide and code examples. QuantumSymmetry uses open-source quantum chemistry software PySCF for Hartree–Fock calculations, and is compatible with quantum computing toolsets OpenFermion and Qiskit. QuantumSymmetry takes arbitrary user input such as the molecular geometry and atomic basis set to construct the qubit operators that correspond in the appropriate SAE to fermionic operators on the molecular system, such as the second-quantized electronic structure Hamiltonian. QuantumSymmetry is used to produce numerical examples of variational quantum algorithm simulations to find the ground state energy for a number of example molecules, for both Unitary Coupled Clusters with Singles and Doubles and Adaptive Derivative Assembled Pseudo-Trotter Variational Quantum Eigensolver ansätze. We show that, beyond the advantage given by the lower qubit count, the proposed encodings consistently result in shallower and less complex circuits with a reduced number of variational parameters that are able to reach convergence faster and without any loss of computed accuracy.
Influence of domain walls and defects on the electrocaloric effect
Authors: Grünebohm Anna , Teng Sheng-Han , Marathe Madhura 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The electrocaloric (EC) effect is the adiabatic temperature change of a material in a varying external electric field, which is promising for novel cooling devices. While the fundamental understanding of the caloric response of defect-free materials is well developed, there are important gaps in the knowledge about the reversibility and time-stability of the response. In particular, it is not settled how the time-dependent elements of microstructure that are always present in real materials act on the field-induced temperature changes. Ab initio based molecular dynamics simulations allow us to isolate and understand the effects arising from domain walls (DWs) and defect dipoles and to study their interplay. We show that DWs in cycling fields do not improve the response in either the ferroelectric (FE) phase or at the FE phase transition, but may result in irreversible heat losses. The presence of defect dipoles may be beneficial for the EC response for proper field protocols, and interestingly this benefit is not too sensitive to the defect configuration.
3D/4D printed bio-piezoelectric smart scaffolds for next-generation bone tissue engineering
Authors: Chen Annan , Su Jin , Li Yinjin , Zhang Haibo , Shi Yusheng , Yan Chunze , Lu Jian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Piezoelectricity in native bones has been well recognized as the key factor in bone regeneration. Thus, bio-piezoelectric materials have gained substantial attention in repairing damaged bone by mimicking the tissue’s electrical microenvironment (EM). However, traditional manufacturing strategies still encounter limitations in creating personalized bio-piezoelectric scaffolds, hindering their clinical applications. Three-dimensional (3D)/four-dimensional (4D) printing technology based on the principle of layer-by-layer forming and stacking of discrete materials has demonstrated outstanding advantages in fabricating bio-piezoelectric scaffolds in a more complex-shaped structure. Notably, 4D printing functionality-shifting bio-piezoelectric scaffolds can provide a time-dependent programmable tissue EM in response to external stimuli for bone regeneration. In this review, we first summarize the physicochemical properties of commonly used bio-piezoelectric materials (including polymers, ceramics, and their composites) and representative biological findings for bone regeneration. Then, we discuss the latest research advances in the 3D printing of bio-piezoelectric scaffolds in terms of feedstock selection, printing process, induction strategies, and potential applications. Besides, some related challenges such as feedstock scalability, printing resolution, stress-to-polarization conversion efficiency, and non-invasive induction ability after implantation have been put forward. Finally, we highlight the potential of shape/property/functionality-shifting smart 4D bio-piezoelectric scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Taken together, this review emphasizes the appealing utility of 3D/4D printed biological piezoelectric scaffolds as next-generation BTE implants.
Adam Smith on Aesthetic Imagination and Scientific Enquiry
Authors: Zuckert Rachel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In two posthumously published essays, ‘History of Astronomy’ and ‘Of the Nature of that Imitation which takes place in what are called The Imitative Arts’, Adam Smith suggests provocatively that philosophy is an ‘art of imagination’ and that we take the same ‘very high intellectual pleasure’ in appreciating systematic scientific theories and in listening to musical ‘systems’, i.e., complex works of non-programmatic instrumental music. In this paper, I reconstruct the view of imagination, as the cognitive faculty primarily responsible for perception and appreciation of such ‘systems’, that undergirds these claims, and argue that it is to be understood as aiming at ideal ends – in the first instance, at beauty or an order among variety (systematicity). Smith thus offers a distinctive view of aesthetic imagination, as neither freely playing nor imitative (two common views of imagination both in his time and ours) but rather as aiming at, and progressively realizing non-rational norms of order (again, at least in the first instance, an ideal of beauty).
The Evolution of Excess Deaths in the United States During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ruhm Christopher J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic requires information on the excess mortality resulting from it. Multiple studies have examined excess deaths during the pandemic’s initial stages, but how these have changed over time is unclear. National- and state-level death counts and population data from 2009 to 2022 were used in this analysis to evaluate excess fatalities from March 2020 to February 2021 and March 2021 to February 2022, with deaths from earlier years used to project baseline counts. The outcomes were total, group-specific, cause-specific, and age-by-cause excess fatalities, and numbers and percentages directly involving COVID-19. Excess deaths declined from 655,735 (95% confidence interval: 619,028, 691,980) during the first pandemic year to 586,505 (95% confidence interval: 532,823, 639,205) in the second. The reductions were particularly large for Hispanics, Blacks, Asians, seniors, and residents of states with high vaccination rates. Excess deaths increased from the first to second year for persons younger than 65 years and in low-vaccination states. Excess mortality from some diseases declined, but those from alcohol, drug, vehicle, and homicide causes likely increased between the first and second pandemic year, especially for prime-age and younger individuals. The share of excess fatalities involving COVID-19 decreased modestly over time, with little change in its role as an underlying versus contributing cause of death.
A co-adaptive duality-aware framework for biomedical relation extraction
Authors: Zhang Weiyan , Chen Chuang , Wang Jiacheng , Liu Jingping , Ruan Tong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Biomedical relation extraction is a vital task for electronic health record mining and biomedical knowledge base construction. Previous work often adopts pipeline methods or joint methods to extract subject, relation, and object while ignoring the interaction of subject–object entity pair and relation within the triplet structure. However, we observe that entity pair and relation within a triplet are highly related, which motivates us to build a framework to extract triplets that can capture the rich interactions among the elements in a triplet.

Results
We propose a novel co-adaptive biomedical relation extraction framework based on a duality-aware mechanism. This framework is designed as a bidirectional extraction structure that fully takes interdependence into account in the duality-aware extraction process of subject–object entity pair and relation. Based on the framework, we design a co-adaptive training strategy and a co-adaptive tuning algorithm as collaborative optimization methods between modules to promote better mining framework performance gain. The experiments on two public datasets show that our method achieves the best F1 among all state-of-the-art baselines and provides strong performance gain on complex scenarios of various overlapping patterns, multiple triplets, and cross-sentence triplets.

Availability and implementation
Code is available at https://github.com/11101028/CADA-BioRE.
Genome–phenome wide association study of broadly defined headache
Authors: Hsu Wan-Ting , Lee Yu-Ting , Tan Jasmine , Chang Yung-Han , Qian Frank , Liu Kuei-Yu , Hsiung Jo-Ching , Yo Chia-Hung , Tang Sung-Chun , Jiang Xia , Lee Chien-Chang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Until recently, most genetic studies of headache have been conducted on participants with European ancestry. We therefore conducted a large-scale genome-wide association study of self-reported headache in individuals of East Asian ancestry (specifically those who were identified as Han Chinese). In this study, 108 855 participants were enrolled, including 12 026 headache cases from the Taiwan Biobank. For broadly defined headache phenotype, we identified a locus on Chromosome 17, with the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism rs8072917 (odds ratio 1.08, P = 4.49 × 10−8), mapped to two protein-coding genes RNF213 and ENDOV. For severe headache phenotype, we found a strong association on Chromosome 8, with the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism rs13272202 (odds ratio 1.30, P = 1.02 × 10−9), mapped to gene RP11-1101K5.1. We then conducted a conditional analysis and a statistical fine-mapping of the broadly defined headache-associated loci and identified a single credible set of loci with rs8072917 supporting that this lead variant was the true causal variant on RNF213 gene region. RNF213 replicated the result of previous studies and played important roles in the biological mechanism of broadly defined headache. On the basis of the previous results found in the Taiwan Biobank, we conducted phenome-wide association studies for the lead variants using data from the UK Biobank and found that the causal variant (single-nucleotide polymorphism rs8072917) was associated with muscle symptoms, cellulitis and abscess of face and neck, and cardiogenic shock. Our findings foster the genetic architecture of headache in individuals of East Asian ancestry. Our study can be replicated using genomic data linked to electronic health records from a variety of countries, therefore affecting a wide range of ethnicities globally. Our genome–phenome association study may facilitate the development of new genetic tests and novel drug mechanisms.
A patient with PLACK syndrome with a novel splicing mutation in CAST: the evidence for a loss-of-function mechanism through mis-splicing
Authors: Mamivand Ali , Zekri Ali , Maghrouni Abolfazl , Bayat Shiva , Mirzaei Ebrahim , Javadi Golroodbari Fatemeh , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Behrangi Elham , Tabrizi Mina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
PLACK syndrome is a relatively recently defined generalized peeling skin syndrome that has been reported with major skin manifestations and sometimes atypical features. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with PLACK manifestations. Whole exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing identified a putative splice variant c.1209+2T&gt;G in CAST (NM_001042440.5). Moreover, mRNA sequencing confirmed the abnormal alternative splicing of the CAST gene, leading to the addition of one nucleotide to the correct open-reading frame at the mRNA level. Segregation and expression analysis revealed that this loss-of-function via mRNA nonsense-mediated decay could be the causative pathogenic mechanism responsible for this patient’s phenotype. This study extends our understanding of the various phenotypic and genotypic features of PLACK syndrome.
Analysis of the rat chorda tympani nerve response to “super salty” sodium carbonate
Authors: Breza Joseph M , St. John Steven J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn behavioral experiments, rats perceive sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as super salty. In fact, when the dissociated Na+ ions are accounted for, rats perceive Na2CO3 as 5× saltier than equinormal concentrations of NaCl. The chorda tympani nerve (CT) responds to salts through at least two receptor mechanisms and is a model system for understanding how salt taste is transmitted to the brain. Here, we recorded CT nerve activity to a broad range of NaCl (3–300 mM) and Na2CO3 (3–300 mN) to investigate why Na2CO3 tastes so salty to rats. Benzamil, a specific epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) antagonist, was used to determine the relative contribution of apical ENaCs in Na2CO3 transduction. The benzamil-insensitive component of CT nerve responses was enhanced by increasing the adapted tongue temperature from 23°C to 30°C. Na2CO3 solutions are alkaline, so we compared neural responses (with and without benzamil) to 100 mM NaCl alone (6.2 pH) and at a pH (11.2 pH) that matched 100 mN Na2CO3. As expected, NaCl responses increased progressively with increasing concentration and temperature. Responses to 3 mN Na2CO3 were greater than 3 mM NaCl with and without benzamil, but the shape of the first log-fold range of was relatively flat. Adjusting the pH of NaCl to 11.2 abolished the thermal enhancement of 100 mN NaCl through the benzamil-insensitive pathway. Rinsing Na2CO3 off the tongue resulted in robust aftertaste that was concentration dependent, thermally sensitive, and benzamil-insensitive. Responses to alkaline NaCl did not recapitulate Na2CO3 responses or aftertaste, suggesting multiple transduction mechanisms for the cations (2Na+) and anion (CO3-2).
Frailty in hemodialysis patients: results of a screening program and multidisciplinary interventions
Authors: Arias-Guillén Marta , Romano Bárbara , Yuguero-Ortiz Anna , López-Lazcano Ana , Guerrero Sonia , Villegas Vanesa , Martínez Mar , Clemente Nuria , Gómez Miquel , Rodas Lida , Broseta José Jesús , Quintela Marta , Maduell Francisco , Bayés Beatriu 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The number of frail patients of advanced age with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing hemodialysis is increasing globally. Here we evaluated a frailty screening program of ESKD patients starting hemodialysis, and subsequent multidisciplinary interventions.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study of ESKD patients in a hemodialysis program. Patients were evaluated for frailty (Fried frail phenotype) before and after a 12-month period. Patients followed standard clinical practice at our hospital, which included assessment and multidisciplinary interventions for nutritional (malnutrition-inflammation score, protein-energy wasting), physical [short physical performance battery (SPPB)] and psychological status.

Results
A total of 167 patients (mean ± standard deviation age 67.8 ± 15.4 years) were screened for frailty, and 108 completed the program. At screening, 27.9% of the patients were frail, 40.0% pre-frail and 32.1% non-frail. Nutritional interventions (enrichment, oral nutritional supplements, intradialytic parenteral nutrition) resulted in stable nutritional status for most frail and pre-frail patients after 12 months. Patients following recommendations for intradialytic, home-based or combined physical exercise presented improved or stable in SPPB scores after 12 months, compared with those that did not follow recommendations, especially in the frail and pre-frail population (P = .025). A rate of 0.05 falls/patient/year was observed. More than 60% of frail patients presented high scores of sadness and anxiety.

Conclusions
Frailty screening, together with coordinated interventions by nutritionists, physiotherapists, psychologists and nurses, preserved the health status of ESKD patients starting hemodialysis. Frailty assessment helped in advising patients on individual nutritional, physical or psychological needs.
The effect of standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy, miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery on biomarkers of renal injury: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Memmos Dimitrios , Sarafidis Pantelis , Alexandrou Maria Eleni , Theodorakopoulou Marieta , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Dimitriadis Georgios , Hatzichristou Dimitrios 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Observational studies on the association of endourological procedures with renal parenchymal damage are lacking. This randomized trial examined the effect of standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (sPCNL) in comparison with miniaturized-PCNL (mini-PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for nephrolithiasis treatment on novel biomarkers of renal injury.

Methods
Seventy-five patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive sPCNL, mini-PCNL and RIRS for nephrolithiasis. The ratios of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) normalized for urinary creatinine (Cr) were calculated from urine samples collected at baseline (2-h preoperatively) and at 2-, 6-, 24- and 48-h postoperatively. Two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements was used to evaluate the effects of type of procedure and time on studied biomarkers.

Results
Between baseline and 2-h postoperatively, no significant differences were observed in NGAL/Cr changes between sPCNL [median (interquartile range) 9.46 (4.82–14.9)], mini-PCNL [12.78 (1.69–25.24)] and RIRS [6.42 (2.61–23.90)] (P = .902). Similarly, no between-group differences were observed for KIM-1/Cr (P = .853) and IL-18 (P = .980) at 2 h, and all biomarkers at any time-point postoperatively. Within-groups, significant increases from baseline were noted for NGAL/Cr (sPCNL, P &lt; .001; mini-PCNL, P &lt; .001; RIRS, P = .001), KIM-1/Cr and IL-18/Cr at 2 h; progressively lower increases from baseline were noted in all groups for KIM-1/Cr and IL-18/Cr at 6-, 24- and 48-h postoperatively. As such, a significant effect of time but not of type of procedure was evidenced with two-way mixed ANOVA. No significant between-group differences were observed in acute kidney injury incidence and complications.

Conclusions
The endourological procedures under study are associated with similar patterns of early tubular injury, detected by novel biomarkers, which is largely reduced within 48 h and no changes in glomerular function.
Network of compression networks to extract useful information from multivariate time series
Authors: Walker David M , Corrêa Débora C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Compression networks are the result of a recently proposed method to transform univariate time series to a complex network representation by using a compression algorithm. We show how a network of compression networks can be constructed to capture relationships among multivariate time series. This network is a weighted graph with edge weights corresponding to how well the compression codewords of one time series compress another time series. Subgraphs of this network obtained by thresholding of the relative compression edge weights are shown to possess properties which can track dynamical change. Furthermore, community structures—groups of vertices more densely connected together—within these networks can identify partially synchronized states in the dynamics of networked oscillators, as well as perform genre classification of musical compositions. An additional example incorporates temporal windowing of the data and demonstrates the potential of the method to identify tipping point behaviour through the analysis of multivariate electroencephalogram time series of patients undergoing seizure.