bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Climatic Drivers of Hybridization with a New Ancestral Niche Reconstruction Method
Authors: Folk Ryan A , Gaynor Michelle L , Engle-Wrye Nicholas J , O’Meara Brian C , Soltis Pamela S , Soltis Douglas E , Guralnick Robert P , Smith Stephen A , Grady Charles J , Okuyama Yudai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Applications of molecular phylogenetic approaches have uncovered evidence of hybridization across numerous clades of life, yet the environmental factors responsible for driving opportunities for hybridization remain obscure. Verbal models implicating geographic range shifts that brought species together during the Pleistocene have often been invoked, but quantitative tests using paleoclimatic data are needed to validate these models. Here, we produce a phylogeny for Heuchereae, a clade of 15 genera and 83 species in Saxifragaceae, with complete sampling of recognized species, using 277 nuclear loci and nearly complete chloroplast genomes. We then employ an improved framework with a coalescent simulation approach to test and confirm previous hybridization hypotheses and identify one new intergeneric hybridization event. Focusing on the North American distribution of Heuchereae, we introduce and implement a newly developed approach to reconstruct potential past distributions for ancestral lineages across all species in the clade and across a paleoclimatic record extending from the late Pliocene. Time calibration based on both nuclear and chloroplast trees recovers a mid- to late-Pleistocene date for most inferred hybridization events, a timeframe concomitant with repeated geographic range restriction into overlapping refugia. Our results indicate an important role for past episodes of climate change, and the contrasting responses of species with differing ecological strategies, in generating novel patterns of range contact among plant communities and therefore new opportunities for hybridization. The new ancestral niche method flexibly models the shape of niche while incorporating diverse sources of uncertainty and will be an important addition to the current comparative methods toolkit. [Ancestral niche reconstruction; hybridization; paleoclimate; pleistocene.]
Gender as a social and structural variable: research perspectives from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Authors: Barr Elizabeth , Popkin Ronna , Roodzant Erik , Jaworski Beth , Temkin Sarah M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gender is a social and structural variable that encompasses multiple domains, each of which influences health: gender identity and expression, gender roles and norms, gendered power relations, and gender equality and equity. As such, gender has far-reaching impacts on health. Additional research is needed to continue delineating and untangling the effects of gender from the effects of sex and other biological variables. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) vision for women’s health is a world in which the influence of sex and/or gender are integrated into the health research enterprise. However, much of the NIH-supported research on gender and health has, to date, been limited to a small number of conditions (e.g., HIV, mental health, pregnancy) and locations (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa; India). Opportunities exist to support transdisciplinary knowledge transfer and interdisciplinary knowledge building by advancing health-related social science research that incorporates best practices from disciplines that have well-established methods, theories, and frameworks for examining the health impacts of gender and other social, cultural, and structural variables.
Exposure to quasi-ultrafine particulate matter accelerates memory impairment and Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathology in the AppNL-G-F knock-in mouse model
Authors: Kilian Jason G , Mejias-Ortega Marina , Hsu Heng-Wei , Herman David A , Vidal Janielle , Arechavala Rebecca J , Renusch Samantha , Dalal Hansal , Hasen Irene , Ting Amanda , Rodriguez-Ortiz Carlos J , Lim Siok-Lam , Lin Xiaomeng , Vu Joan , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C , Kleinman Michael T , Kitazawa Masashi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution consisting of particulate matter (PM) is associated with cognitive decline leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we sought to examine the neurotoxic effects of exposure to ultrafine PM and how it exacerbates neuronal loss and AD-like neuropathology in wildtype (WT) mice and a knock-in mouse model of AD (AppNL-G-F/+-KI) when the exposure occurs at a prepathologic stage or at a later age with the presence of neuropathology. AppNL-G-F/+-KI and WT mice were exposed to concentrated ultrafine PM from local ambient air in Irvine, California, for 12 weeks, starting at 3 or 9 months of age. Particulate matter-exposed animals received concentrated ultrafine PM up to 8 times above the ambient levels, whereas control animals were exposed to purified air. Particulate matter exposure resulted in a marked impairment of memory tasks in prepathologic AppNL-G-F/+-KI mice without measurable changes in amyloid-β pathology, synaptic degeneration, and neuroinflammation. At aged, both WT and AppNL-G-F/+-KI mice exposed to PM showed a significant memory impairment along with neuronal loss. In AppNL-G-F/+-KI mice, we also detected an increased amyloid-β buildup and potentially harmful glial activation including ferritin-positive microglia and C3-positive astrocytes. Such glial activation could promote the cascade of degenerative consequences in the brain. Our results suggest that exposure to PM impairs cognitive function at both ages while exacerbation of AD-related pathology and neuronal loss may depend on the stage of pathology, aging, and/or state of glial activation. Further studies will be required to unveil the neurotoxic role of glial activation activated by PM exposure.
A Global Review of the Perioperative Care of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Undergoing Microsurgical Repair of Ruptured Intracerebral Aneurysm
Authors: Lele Abhijit V. , Shiferaw Ananya Abate , Theard Marie Angele , Vavilala Monica S. , Tavares Cristiane , Han Ruquan , Assefa Denekew , Dagne Alemu Mihret , Mahajan Charu , Tandon Monica S. , Karmarkar Neeta V. , Singhal Vasudha , Lamsal Ritesh , Athiraman Umeshkumar ,   Global-SAH project collaborators
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
To describe the perioperative care of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) who undergo microsurgical repair of a ruptured intracerebral aneurysm.

Methods:
An English language survey examined 138 areas of the perioperative care of patients with aSAH. Reported practices were categorized as those reported by <20%, 21% to 40%, 41% to 60%, 61% to 80%, and 81% to 100% of participating hospitals. Data were stratified by Worldbank country income level (high-income or low/middle-income). Variation between country-income groups and between countries was presented as an intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
Forty-eight hospitals representing 14 countries participated in the survey (response rate 64%); 33 (69%) hospitals admitted ≥60 aSAH patients per year. Clinical practices reported by 81 to 100% of the hospitals included placement of an arterial catheter, preinduction blood type/cross match, use of neuromuscular blockade during induction of general anesthesia, delivering 6 to 8 mL/kg tidal volume, and checking hemoglobin and electrolyte panels. Reported use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was 25% (41% in high-income and 10% in low/middle-income countries), with variation between Worldbank country-income group (ICC 0.15, 95% CI 0.02–2.76) and between countries (ICC 0.44, 95% CI 0.00–0.68). The use of induced hypothermia for neuroprotection was low (2%). Before aneurysm securement, variable in blood pressure targets was reported; systolic blood pressure 90 to 120 mm Hg (30%), 90 to 140 mm Hg (21%), and 90 to 160 mmHg (5%). Induced hypertension during temporary clipping was reported by 37% of hospitals (37% each in high and low/middle-income countries).

Conclusions:
This global survey identifies differences in reported practices during the perioperative management of patients with aSAH.
High Complication Rate After Percutaneous Screw Fixation for Valgus-Impacted Femoral Neck Fractures Without Sagittal Malalignment
Authors: Gaski Greg E. , Altman Kyle , Lear Taylor , Prodoehl Julia , Tanner Stephanie , Wang Angela , Hymes Robert A. , Hunter Brett , Adams John D. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
To evaluate the rate of reoperation in patients without sagittal plane malalignment who underwent percutaneous screw fixation of a valgus-impacted femoral neck fracture.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Two Level 1 academic trauma centers.

Patients and Intervention:
Two hundred seven patients >50 years of age with valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures treated with at least 3 large-diameter (>6.5 mm) cancellous screws from 2013 to 2019. Patients were excluded if there was a sagittal plane fracture deformity.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The primary outcome was reoperation. Secondary outcomes considered “major complications” included: avascular necrosis, varus collapse or implant cutout, nonunion, deep infection, and hematoma requiring reoperation. Surgical fixation strategies (screw configuration, aim) and implant type (partial vs. fully threaded cancellous screws) were secondarily compared.

Results:
Average patient age was 77 years, and median clinical follow-up was 658 days. Thirty-one patients (15%) required reoperation, and the major complication rate was 17.3% (36 complications in 33 patients). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a higher risk of reoperation with constructs consisting of all partially threaded screws (17.0%) compared with the use of at least 1 fully threaded screw (7.5%) when an inverted triangle configuration was used (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% CI, 0.81–7.77).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated a relatively high rate of reoperation and major complications in patients with valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures without sagittal malalignment treated with in situ percutaneous screw fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of Fixation Techniques for Lower Extremity Rotationplasty
Authors: Sullivan Mikaela H. , Arguello Alexandra M. , Stans Anthony A. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Rose Peter S. , Shaughnessy William J. , Houdek Matthew T. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Rotationplasty is a reconstructive, limb-sparing surgery indicated for patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal tumors. The procedure involves rotation of the distal lower extremity to allow the ankle to function as the new knee joint and provide an optimum weight-bearing surface for prosthetic use. Historically there is limited data comparing fixation techniques. The purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes between intramedullary nailing (IMN) and compression plating (CP) in young patients undergoing rotationplasty.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 28 patients with a mean age of 10±4 years undergoing a rotationplasty for either a femoral (n=19), tibial (n=7), or popliteal fossa (n=2) tumor was performed. The most common diagnosis was osteosarcoma (n=24). Fixation was obtained with either an IMN (n=6) or CP (n=22). Clinical outcomes of patients undergoing rotationplasty were compared between the IMN and CP groups.

Results:
Surgical margins were negative in all patients. The mean time to union was 24 months (range 6 to 93). There was no difference in the meantime to the union between patients treated with an IMN versus those with a CP (14±16 vs. 27±26 mo, P=0.26). Patients undergoing fixation with an IMN were less likely to have a nonunion (odds ratio: 0.35, 95% confidence interval: 0.03-3.54, P=0.62). Postoperative fracture of the residual limb only occurred in patients undergoing CP fixation (n=7, 33% vs. n=0, 0%, P=0.28). Postoperative fixation complications occurred in 13 (48%) patients, most commonly a nonunion (n=9, 33%). Patients undergoing fixation with a CP were more likely to have a postoperative fixation complication (odds ratio: 20, 95% CI: 2.14-186.88, P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Rotationplasty is an option for limb salvage for young patients with lower extremity tumors. The results of this study reveal fewer fixation complications when an IMN can be used. As such, IMN fixation should be considered for patients undergoing a rotationplasty, though equipoise should be shown by surgeons when determining technique.
Bariatric Surgery Before Spine Surgery is Associated with Fewer Post-Surgical Complications
Authors: Gupta Sahil , Tao Xu , Matur Abhijith V. , Wu Andrew , Chilakapati Sai S. , Palmisciano Paolo , Conteh Fatu S. , Duah Henry O. , Shukla Geet , Vorster Phillip , Garcia-Vargas Julia , Kwan David , Adogwa Owoicho 
Published: April 2023

Study Design.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective.
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the rate of adverse events after spine surgery in patients who underwent bariatric surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Obesity is an established risk factor for post-operative complications after spine surgery. Bariatric surgery has been associated with improvements in health in patients with severe obesity. However, it is not known whether undergoing bariatric surgery prior to spine surgery is associated with reduced adverse outcomes.

Methods.
PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web-of-Science were systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines. The search included indexed terms and text words from database inception to the date of the search (May 27th, 2022). Data and estimates were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method for random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute risk of bias tool. The primary outcome was all-cause complication rate after surgery. Relative risks for surgical and medical complications were assessed.

Results.
A total of 4 studies comprising 177,273 patients were included. The pooled analysis demonstrated that all-cause medical complication rate after spine surgery was lower in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: [0.39, 0.74], P<0.01). There was no difference in rates of surgical complications and 30-day hospital readmission rate between the cohort undergoing bariatric surgery prior to spine surgery and the cohort that did not.

Conclusion.
These analyses suggest that obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery prior to spine surgery have significantly lower adverse events rates. Future prospective studies are needed to corroborate these findings.

Level of Evidence.
IV
Response to pre-operative Steroid Injections Predicts Surgical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Fusion for Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Turtle Joel , Randell Zane , Karamian Brian , Spiker Ryan , Lawrence Brandon , Brodke Darrel , Spina Nicholas 
Published: April 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective.
The decision to pursue operative intervention for patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis is complex. While steroid injections are a well-accepted therapeutic modality that may delay or obviate surgery, little is known regarding their ability to predict surgical outcomes.

Summary of Background Data.
Here we examine whether improvement following pre-operative steroid injections can accurately predict clinical outcomes after surgery.

Materials and Methods.
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on adult patients undergoing primary posterolateral lumbar fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis between 2013 and 2021. Data were stratified into a control (no pre-operative injection) group and an injection group (received a pre-operative diagnostic and therapeutic injection). We collected demographic data, peri-injection VAS pain scores, PROMIS pain interference (PI) and physical function (PF) scores, ODI, and VAS pain (back and leg). Student t test was utilized to compare baseline group characteristics. Linear regression was performed comparing changes in peri-injection VAS pain scores and post-operative measures.

Results.
73 patients did not receive a pre-operative injection and were included in the control group. 59 patients were included in the injection group. Of patients who received an injection, 73% had greater than 50% relief of their pre-injection VAS pain score. Linear regression revealed a positive interaction between the injection efficacy and post-operative pain relief as measured by VAS leg scores (P<0.05). There was also an association between injection efficacy and back pain relief, though this did not achieve statistical significance (P=0.068). No association was found between injection efficacy and improvement in ODI nor PROMIS measures.

Conclusions.
Steroid injections are often utilized in the non-operative therapeutic management of patients with lumbar spine disease. Here, we demonstrate the diagnostic value of steroid injections in predicting post-operative leg pain relief in patients undergoing posterolateral fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis.
Long COVID in Cancer
Authors: Fankuchen Olivia , Lau Jennifer , Rajan Mangala , Swed Brandon , Martin Peter , Hidalgo Manuel , Yamshon Samuel , Pinheiro Laura , Shah Manish A. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
The long-term effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) infection in patients with cancer are unknown. We examined 1-year mortality and prevalence of long COVID in patients with and without cancer after initial hospitalization for acute COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
We previously studied 585 patients hospitalized from March to May 2020 with acute COVID-19 infection at Weill Cornell Medicine (117 patients with cancer and 468 age, sex, and comorbidity-matched non-cancer controls). Of the 456 patients who were discharged, we followed 359 patients (75 cancer and 284 non-cancer controls) for COVID-related symptoms and death, at 3, 6, and 12 months after initial symptom onset. Pearson χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to determine associations between cancer, postdischarge mortality, and long COVID symptoms. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders were used to quantify the risk of death between patients with and without cancer.

Results:
The cancer cohort had higher mortality after hospitalization (23% vs 5%, P < 0.001), a hazard ratio of 4.7 (95% CI: 2.34-9.46) for all-cause mortality, after adjusting for smoking and oxygen requirement. Long COVID symptoms were observed in 33% of patients regardless of cancer status. Constitutional, respiratory, and cardiac complaints were the most prevalent symptoms in the first 6 months, whereas respiratory and neurological complaints (eg, “brain fog” and memory deficits) were most prevalent at 12 months.

Conclusions:
Patients with cancer have higher mortality after hospitalization for acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. The risk of death was highest in the first 3 months after discharge. About one-third of all patients experienced long COVID.
Melanocytic Matricoma With Atypical Histopathological Features: A Case Report of an Extremely Rare Entity and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nogales-Moro Adrián , Pinilla-Pagnon Ignacio , Silvestre-Torner Nicolás , Romero-Jiménez Belén , García de Casasola-Rodríguez Gonzalo , Chao-Crecente Montserrat 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Melanocytic matricoma with atypical features is a rare, biphasic adnexal neoplasm displaying hair matrix differentiation, with only 3 reported cases worldwide. Generally, the lesion comprised a solid matrical and supramatrical cell proliferation, admixed with intermediate cell aggregates with sparse anucleated “shadow cells” and a prominent pigmented melanocytic hyperplasia. We report the case of a 78-year-old man with a slow-growing crusted lesion on the frontal left scalp, which in a matter of 1–2 months became a 0.6 cm well-defined, black purplish exophytic nodule. Histopathologically, the lesion presented a well-circumscribed border with a nodular dermal growth pattern, presenting different architectural features varying from benign pilomatricoma-like changes to atypical features such as moderate-to-high nuclear pleomorphism in both basaloid (matrical/supramatrical) and epidermal (keratinous) components. Strong nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity for β-catenin was observed in matrical cells, whereas prominent cytoplasmic membrane positivity for Melan-A in dendritic melanocytes. Owing to the evidence of atypical cytological features, we propose the “atypical/borderline” category of melanocytic matricoma as part of a possible spectrum among matrical neoplasms. Pathologists should be aware of any atypical histopathological features while reporting cases due to their potential malignant transformation.
Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia Associated With PDL1 Loss and Increased Expression of Caspase 3: A Case Series
Authors: Smith Shane D. B. , Woddor Navitha , Cassarino David S. , Chen Wen , Clemetson Nashay , Nava Victor E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a scarring alopecia that disproportionately affects patients with skin of color. Genetic studies have revealed that approximately 30% of CCCAs are associated with peptidyl arginine deiminase 3 misfolding mutations. Patients with CCCA usually have a poor prognosis with progressive and permanent hair loss. To further characterize CCCA, we evaluated the inflammatory milieu, PDL1, and caspase 3 expression. The data support the idea of CCCA being a CD4-predominant T-cell process. The loss of PDL1 and increase in caspase 3 expression raises the possibility of involvement of the PD1/PDL1 pathway in CCCA.
Resilience Room Use and Its Effect on Distress Among Nurses and Allied Staff
Authors: Prendergast Virginia , Elmasry Sandra , Juhl Natasha A. , Chapple Kristina M. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nationwide nursing shortages have spurred nursing research on burnout and resiliency to better understand the emotional health of nurses and allied staff to retain talent. Our institution implemented resilience rooms in the neuroscience units of our hospital. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of resilience room use on emotional distress among staff. METHODS: Resilience rooms opened to staff in the neuroscience tower in January 2021. Entrances were electronically captured via badge readers. Upon exit, staff completed a survey containing items on demographics, burnout, and emotional distress. RESULTS: Resilience rooms were used 1988 times, and 396 surveys were completed. Rooms were most used by intensive care unit nurses (40.1% of entrances), followed by nurse leaders (28.8%). Staff with >10 years of experience accounted for 50.8% of uses. One-third reported moderate burnout, and 15.9% reported heavy or extreme burnout. Overall, emotional distress decreased by 49.4% from entrance to exit. The greatest decreases in distress were recorded by those with the lowest levels of burnout (72.5% decrease). CONCLUSION: Resilience room use was associated with significant decreases in emotional distress. The greatest decreases occurred with the lowest levels of burnout, suggesting that early engagement with resilience rooms is most beneficial.