bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of SUDEP forensic autopsies leading to preventable events
Authors: Argo Antonina , Puntarello Maria , Malta Ginevra , Buscemi Roberto , Scalzo Giovanni , Triolo Valentina , Albano Giuseppe Davide , Zerbo Stefania 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe diagnosis of unexpected death by excluding non-natural causes, particularly in subjects with epilepsy, is a topic of interest and it is difficult to identify in the forensic field. Health professionals sometimes are faced with cases of sudden death, generally in young adults with a long history of epilepsy that require, for judicial purposes, an explanation in terms of cause and means to determine the death. SUDEP is an entity diagnosed by the exclusion of other causes that may have led to death, and then for forensic purposes, it requires particular attention and knowledge, and there is difficulty in identifying it. Our contribution aims to illustrate the scientific community pathological findings, medical history, and circumstantial evidence of four cases of sudden death in epileptic subjects.MethodWe illustrated four cases of judicial autopsies from the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Palermo, Italy; the purpose was to exclude the criminal intervention in determining the death as non-natural. The study of victims’ medical history, the toxicological investigations, and the autopsy findings analyzed both from macroscopic and microscopic aspects have made it possible to highlight some findings that can be traced back to SUDEP despite the small sample of subjects studied.ResultsThese presented findings of four SUDEP cases could help forensic pathologists in recognizing this entity, by highlighting its characteristics, and allowing for a pathological classification, also in relation to the use of drugs for epilepsy treatment and circumstances of death.DiscussionTo obtain a definite diagnosis of SUDEP, a complex investigation process is required in a multidisciplinary approach. Considering the literature review with criticism, it could allow health professionals to select the characteristics of epileptic patients at risk of sudden death. Processing human behaviors, molecular and histopathological findings of the autopsies, but also the physiological, and pathological human body system functions thanks to Artificial Intelligence, could be the key to explaining SUDEP mechanisms and the future results to prevent it.
Olfaction and neurocognition after COVID-19: a scoping review
Authors: Vilarello Brandon J. , Jacobson Patricia T. , Tervo Jeremy P. , Waring Nicholas A. , Gudis David A. , Goldberg Terry E. , Devanand D. P. , Overdevest Jonathan B. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionCOVID-19 induces both acute and chronic neurological changes. Existing evidence suggests that chemosensory changes, particularly olfactory loss, may reflect central neurological dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and mark progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s. This scoping review summarizes the available literature to evaluate the relationship between neurocognition and olfaction in young to middle-aged adults with minimal comorbidities following COVID-19 infection.MethodsA literature search of PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies underwent title/abstract and full text screening by two reviewers, with a third reviewer resolving any conflicts. Remaining studies underwent data extraction.ResultsSeventeen studies were eligible for data extraction after the review process, where 12 studies found significantly poorer cognition in those suffering from olfactory dysfunction, four studies showed no association between cognition and olfaction, and one study reported lower anosmia prevalence among patients with cognitive impairment.ConclusionThe majority of studies in this review find that olfactory dysfunction is associated with poorer cognition. More rigorous studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between olfaction and cognition after COVID-19.
Physiological synchrony in electrodermal activity predicts decreased vigilant attention induced by sleep deprivation
Authors: Stuldreher Ivo V. , Maasland Emma , Bottenheft Charelle , van Erp Jan B. F. , Brouwer Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionWhen multiple individuals are presented with narrative movie or audio clips, their electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate show significant similarities. Higher levels of such inter-subject physiological synchrony are related with higher levels of attention toward the narrative, as for instance expressed by more correctly answered questions about the narrative. We here investigate whether physiological synchrony in EDA and heart rate during watching of movie clips predicts performance on a subsequent vigilant attention task among participants exposed to a night of total sleep deprivation.MethodsWe recorded EDA and heart rate of 54 participants during a night of total sleep deprivation. Every hour from 22:00 to 07:00 participants watched a 10-min movie clip during which we computed inter-subject physiological synchrony. Afterwards, they answered questions about the movie and performed the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) to capture attentional performance.ResultsWe replicated findings that inter-subject correlations in EDA and heart rate predicted the number of correct answers on questions about the movie clips. Furthermore, we found that inter-subject correlations in EDA, but not in heart rate, predicted PVT performance. Individuals' mean EDA and heart rate also predicted their PVT performance. For EDA, inter-subject correlations explained more variance of PVT performance than individuals' mean EDA.DiscussionTogether, these findings confirm the association between physiological synchrony and attention. Physiological synchrony in EDA does not only capture the attentional processing during the time that it is determined, but also proves valuable for capturing more general changes in the attentional state of monitored individuals.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of registered dietitians and nutritionists regarding enteral and parenteral nutrition support in Ghana: a needs assessment study
Authors: Ayande Ruthfirst E. A. , Agordoh Percival D. , Salino Vanessa J. , Webster-Ariyan Clarisa , Collier Lindsay , Asante Matilda , Carbone Elena T. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThere is a paucity of data on enteral and parenteral (EN and PN) nutrition support (NS) provided by nutrition and dietetic practitioners in adult acute care settings in Ghana. Furthermore, gray literature suggests that Ghanaian clinical nutrition professionals (CNPs) are seldom involved in advanced nutrition care teams.ObjectivesTo assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Ghanaian CNPs regarding EN and PN.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was administered to Ghanaian CNPs ahead of a professional development workshop on EN and PN Support. Participants were asked questions about initiation and timing of NS, and knowledge on availability of commercial formula. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess self-efficacy in using EN and PN. To assess practical knowledge on EN and PN, participants were asked to identify whether EN or PN was indicated for seven short case scenarios. Open-ended questions were used to assess reasons for participant self-ratings.ResultsA total of 76 dietitians, nutritionists, students, and interns completed the survey. For EN, self-efficacy scores were lowest for the calculation of enteral goal rate, and goal volume (mean 3.20 ± 1.27), and writing of EN prescriptions (mean 3.07 ± 1.29). Self-efficacy scores for the formulation of alternative formulas in lieu of commercial formula were the highest (3.63 ± 1.36). For PN, self-efficacy scores for all domains were lower than 3, with the lowest scores observed for writing PN prescriptions (2.19 ± 1.14) and determining micronutrient additives (2.12 ± 1.04). We identified limited training and lack of practical exposure to NS, limited ability to effectively monitor tube feeds, and prohibitive cost and limited availability of EN and PN formula among the barriers impacting self-efficacy scores.ConclusionGiven the vital role that CNPs play in the delivery of EN and PN, it is important to develop professional training programs especially focused on PN to bridge knowledge and practice gaps.
Survival benefit of preoperative hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin followed by hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Zili , Yang Zhenyun , Pan Yangxun , Fu Yizhen , Wang Jiongliang , Zhou Zhongguo , Chen Minshan , Hu Dandan , Zhang Yaojun 
Published: June 2023

Background: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX) demonstrated promising efficacy against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as an alleviative treatment. We aimed to explore the survival benefit of preoperative FOLFOX-HAIC and establish a predictive nomogram.Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed data from 1251 HCC patients who underwent liver resection. 1027 patients received liver resection alone (LR group), and 224 patients were treated with FOLFOX-HAIC followed by liver resection (HLR group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted between the two groups. The nomogram was established based on the findings of the multivariable Cox regression analysis.Results: After Propensity score matching according to initial tumor characteristics, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 85.4, 72.0, and 67.2% in the LR group and 95.2, 84.7, and 75.9% in the HLR group, respectively (p = 0.014). After PSM according to preoperative tumor characteristics, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 87.9, 76.6, and 72.3% in the LR group and 95.4, 84.4, and 75.1% in the HLR group, respectively (p = 0.24). Harrell’s C-indexes of the nomogram for OS prediction in patients with preoperative FOLFOX-HAIC were 0.82 (95% CI 0.78–0.86) in the training cohort and 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.93) in the validation cohort and the nomogram performed well-fitted calibration curves.Conclusion: Preoperative FOLFOX-HAIC is associated with a longer survival outcome for HCC patients. The novel nomogram efficiently predicted the OS of patients who underwent preoperative FOLFOX-HAIC.
Toward a 3D physical model of diffusive polymer chains
Authors: Karsai Andras , Cassidy Grace J. , Rajanala Aradhya P. , Yang Lixinhao , Kerimoglu Deniz , Gumbart James C. , Kim Harold D. , Goldman Daniel I. 
Published: June 2023

Recent studies in polymer physics have created macro-scale analogs to solute microscopic polymer chains like DNA by inducing diffusive motion on a chain of beads. These bead chains have persistence lengths of O(10) links and undergo diffusive motion under random fluctuations like vibration. We present a bead chain model within a new stochastic forcing system: an air fluidizing bed of granular media. A chain of spherical 6 mm resin beads crimped onto silk thread are buffeted randomly by the multiphase flow of grains and low density rising air “bubbles”. We “thermalize” bead chains of various lengths at different fluidizing airflow rates, while X-ray imaging captures a projection of the chains’ dynamics within the media. With modern 3D printing techniques, we can better represent complex polymers by geometrically varying bead connections and their relative strength, e.g., mimicking the variable stiffness between adjacent nucleotide pairs of DNA. We also develop Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations to study the 3D motion of the bead chain, where the bead chain is represented by simulated spherical particles connected by linear and angular spring-like bonds. In experiment, we find that the velocity distributions of the beads follow exponential distributions rather than the Gaussian distributions expected from polymers in solution. Through use of the DEM simulation, we find that this difference can likely be attributed to the distributions of the forces imparted onto the chain from the fluidized bed environment. We anticipate expanding this study in the future to explore a wide range of chain composition and confinement geometry, which will provide insights into the physics of large biopolymers.
Transdermal tibial nerve optogenetic stimulation targeting C-fibers
Authors: Zhou Zhonghan , Wang Xuesheng , Li Xunhua , Liao Limin 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To explore whether stimulation of C-fibers in tibial nerves can induce bladder inhibition by optogenetic transdermal illumination.Methods: Ten rats were injected with AAV2/6-hSyn-ChR2(H134R)-EYFP into the tibial nerves. Transurethral cystometry was performed 4 weeks after the virus injection. Illumination (473-nm blue light at 100 mW) was performed with the fiber positioned above the right hind paw near the ankle. The light transmission efficiency was examined with a laser power meter. The effects on cystometry were compared before and after illumination with the bladder infused with normal saline and acetic acid, respectively.Result: Upon transdermal delivery of 473-nm light at a peak power of 100 mW, the irradiance value of 0.653 mW/mm2 at the target region was detected, which is sufficient to activate opsins. The photothermal effect of 473-nm light is unremarkable. Acute inhibitory responses were not observed during stimulation regarding any of the bladder parameters; whereas, after laser illumination for 30 min, a statistically significant increase in bladder capacity with the bladder infused with normal saline (from 0.53 ± 0.04 mL to 0.72 ± 0.05 mL, p &lt; 0.001) and acetic acid (from 0.25 ± 0.02 mL to 0.37 ± 0.04 mL, p &lt; 0.001) was detected. A similar inhibitory response was observed with pulsed illumination at both 10Hz and 50Hz. However, illumination did not significantly influence base pressure, threshold pressure, or peak pressure.Conclusion: In this preliminary study, it can be inferred that the prolonged bladder inhibition is mediated by the stimulation of C-fibers in the tibial nerves, with no frequency-dependent characteristics. Although the 473-nm blue light has limited penetration efficacy, it is sufficient to modulate bladder functions through transdermal illumination on the superficial peripheral nervous system.
Resilient, but for how long? The relationships between temperament, burnout, and mental health in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Gertler Joshua , Dale Lourdes , Tracy Natasha , Dorsett Joelle , Sambuco Nicola , Guastello Andrea , Allen Brandon , Cuffe Steven P. , Mathews Carol A. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDispositional traits of wellbeing and stress-reaction are strong predictors of mood symptoms following stressful life events, and the COVID-19 pandemic introduced many life stressors, especially for healthcare workers.MethodsWe longitudinally investigated the relationships among positive and negative temperament group status (created according to wellbeing and stress-reaction personality measures), burnout (exhaustion, interpersonal disengagement), COVID concern (e.g., health, money worries), and moral injury (personal acts, others’ acts) as predictors of generalized anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in 435 healthcare workers. Participants were employees in healthcare settings in North Central Florida who completed online surveys monthly for 8 months starting in October/November 2020. Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire subscale scores for stress-reaction and wellbeing were subjected to K-means cluster analyses that identified two groups of individuals, those with high stress-reaction and low wellbeing (negative temperament) and those with the opposite pattern defined as positive temperament (low stress-reaction and high wellbeing). Repeated measures ANOVAs assessed all time points and ANCOVAs assessed the biggest change at timepoint 2 while controlling for baseline symptoms.Results and DiscussionThe negative temperament group reported greater mood symptoms, burnout, and COVID concern, than positive temperament participants overall, and negative participants’ scores decreased over time while positive participants’ scores increased over time. Burnout appeared to most strongly mediate this group-by-time interaction, with the burnout exhaustion scale driving anxiety and depression symptoms. PTSD symptoms were also related to COVID-19 health worry and negative temperament. Overall, results suggest that individuals with higher stress-reactions and more negative outlooks on life were at risk for anxiety, depression, and PTSD early in the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas individuals with positive temperament traits became more exhausted and thus more symptomatic over time. Targeting interventions to reduce mood symptoms in negative temperament individuals and prevent burnout/exhaustion in positive temperament individuals early in an extended crisis may be an efficient and effective approach to reduce the mental health burden on essential workers.
Economic burden of sickle cell disease in Sweden: a population-based national register study with 13 years follow up
Authors: Kjellander Christian , Hernlund Emma , Ivergård Moa , Svedbom Axel , Dibbern Therese , Stenling Anna , Sjöö Fredrik , Vertuani Simona , Glenthøj Andreas , Cherif Honar 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) describes a group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin. Globally, SCD occurs in approximately 300,000-400,000 births annually and is most prevalent in malaria-endemic countries. However, migration has impacted the epidemiology of SCD but data on the matter are scarce. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, treatment uptake, and economic burden of SCD in Sweden, a country with substantial immigration over the last decades.MethodsThis nationwide retrospective observational registry cohort study identified patients with SCD from 2001 to 2018 and followed them from 2006 to 2018. Using data from high-quality population-based Swedish registers, we estimated prevalence, treatment uptake, and SCD-related health care resource use, sick leave and disability pension.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2018 the number of patients with SCD increased from 504 to 670; inpatient hospital stays and outpatient visits increased by 200% and 300%, respectively. Patients with pain crises had approximately twice the number of inpatient episodes and outpatient visit per year, and had higher productivity losses compared to patients without crises.ConclusionIn an era of emerging treatments for SCD, we have, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time comprehensively described epidemiological and economic aspects of SCD in a country where the disease is still rare and not well recognized by the healthcare system.
Evaluación de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens en el control de Botrytis cinerea en Rosa sp.
Authors: Campués Cholca Sandra Verónica , Vásquez Hernández Lucia del Rocío , Basantes Vizcaíno Telmo Fernando , Pabón Garcés Galo Jacinto 
Published: June 2023

Las exportaciones de flores en el primer bimestre de 2022, alcanzaron USD 197 millones, esta cifra representa un incremento del 7 % en relación al mismo periodo en 2021; y, para mantener este ritmo de crecimiento es importante realizar un eficiente control de patógenos. Una plaga que amenaza el mantener una alta productividad, es Botrytis cinérea, esta causa una gran pérdida en cultivos de rosa. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar Bacillus amyloliquefaciens en el control de Botrytis cinerea en Rosa sp. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con 4 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones, se evaluó la frecuencia de aplicación de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens versus el manejo químico. El tratamiento A2 (aplicación de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens con frecuencia de aplicación cada 4 días) mostró diferencias significativas con relación al tratamiento A1 (control químico), el cual se mantuvo con un porcentaje de incidencia y severidad entre el 0 % y 2 %, mientras que el tratamiento A1 estuvo entre el 10 % y 14 %. En la variable vida en florero el tratamiento A2 obtuvo el 83 % de rosas buenas y del tratamiento A1 llego al 63 %; lo antes mencionado evidencia la efectividad del uso de productos biológicos.
Qualifying sign of petty bribery (Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Alafiev Mikhail 
Published: June 2023

In the field of countering corruption law enforcement agencies periodically face problems of qualifying the crimes under Articles 290, 291, 291.1, Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code.
These issues are the subject of ongoing discussions in the scientific community.
In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the validity of the recognition by the legislator as a qualifying sign of petty bribery such a characteristic as an individual’s criminal record for committing crimes under Articles 290, 291, 291.1 of the Criminal Code or Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Taking into account statistical data, indicating an increase in the number of persons sentenced under Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation over the past two years, as well as national legislative experience of establishing increased criminal responsibility for persons previously convicted of similar crimes, and analysing scientists’ opinions on the matter, the author justifies a positive answer to this question. In addition, the article focuses on the optimality of the existing legislative version of Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code. In order to implement the idea of enhancing criminal liability against persons with a criminal record for similar crimes, the author considers it possible to expand the list of articles indicated in Part 2 of Article 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, to include all acts related to taking and giving unlawful remuneration.
During the research the following methods were used: statistical, systematic, comparative, statutory interpretation, historical.
Results. As a result the following edition of qualifying elements of petty bribery is proposed: «The same acts committed by a person, having a criminal record for offences, provided by Articles 184, 200.5, 200.7, 204, 204.1, 204.2, 290, 291, 291.1, 291.2 of the present Code.