bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for the Detection of Oral Cancers: Deep Learning
Authors: Özmen Elif Esra , Kölüş Türkay , İçen Veysel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background:Oral cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide. Deep learning (DL) represents a technology that emulates human characteristics through programmed algorithms. In our study, oral cancer photographs were presented to dental professionals and artifical intelligence (AI) systems for diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: Verified photographs of oral lesions and healthy oral tissues were obtained from scientific publications, internet search engines, and personal archives. AI systems were trained using DL networks. The trained models were tested on a test set of photographs that were not used for training. The objective was to detect and categorize the lesions. Dental professionals were also asked to categorize the lesions based on the test set photographs. The performances of AI systems and dental professionals were compared.
Results:The survey included responses from 154 dentists, with an average score of 0.871 ± 0.110. Among dentists, periodontists had the highest success rate, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.937 ± 0.083. However, no significant differences were observed in the success rates among the dentists based on their specialty, years of professional experience, or previous experience with oral cancer monitoring (p <0.05). Based on the test conducted on 32 images, the most successful models were ResNet-101 and Inception v3, with an AUC value of 0.958.
Conclusion: The rapid advancements in DL are associated with numerous advantages in various fields, including healthcare, especially with regard to achieving accurate diagnoses. These benefits also extend to oral cancers. We found that data-driven AI systems can make a reliable and objective diagnosis of oral cancer.
The impact of outworking on the health status of rural residents - An empirical analysis based on propensity score matching-difference-in-differences model
Authors: Ma Ximin , He Jiahui , Li Chunsheng , Song Mingsha , Wang Youyun , Li Peiwen , Chen Kexin , Qiao Hui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Since China's reform and opening up, rural labor mobility has become increasingly evident. In this study, we measured the effect of outworking on the health status of rural residents and tested the net effect of outworking on the health status of rural residents based on a propensity score matching-difference-in-differences model.
Methods: Based on panel data from the Ningxia Household Health Enquiry Survey for Rural Residents 2019 and 2022, 26,738 rural residents were analyzed using a propensity score matching-difference-in-differences model to analyze the changes in the health status of rural residents before and after outworking, and robustness tests were conducted by different matching methods.
Results: Outworking had a significant positive effect (P<0.05) on the health of rural residents. Robustness tests found that the sign of the estimated coefficients (β>0) and the level of significance (P<0.05) were consistent across the matching methods. The analysis of heterogeneity found that the impact of outworking on health had lower significant coefficients for women, for those aged 45 to 60, and for low and middle-income and high-income households.
Conclusion:The human capital of the rural workforce should be enhanced and encouraged to go out to promote employment, which will also play a positive role in improving the health of the rural population.
An Efficient and Lightweight Chaotic Function with Key Exchange Protection For Man in the Middle Attack in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET)
Authors: Soni Ashish Kumar , Gupta Rajendra , Khare Ankur 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Independent communication in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks is widely recommended in Ad-hoc Networks to easily transmit data in undefined situations and make strong connections between sensors directly without any extra infrastructure. The MANET network's security issues are explored and solved by using high-security features by chaotic function. The chaotic cryptographic security can make help by generating highly complex pseudo-random numbers. The complexity is the first feature of the chaotic cryptosystem to get high-level security applications for the MANETs communication. In this paper, the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protection is used to establish the identification of user access links, and a chaotic function is added to generate highly complex situations for attackers to read the encrypted information. The lightweight speed of chaotic functions can also prevent protection without giving time to attackers. So both security features are combined as an Efficient and Lightweight Chaotic function with Key Exchange Protection (EL-CKP). The Efficient protection and lightweight speed of EL-CKP are analyzed better than existing AES and RSA security algorithms by comparative analysis of encryption time and the avalanche effect.
Retain strength, gain ductility: tough and transparent nanopapers by mercerisation
Authors: Mayer Florian , Prado-Roller Alexander , Mautner Andreas , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nanocellulose papers offer high tensile strength and modulus but suffer from drawbacks such as their brittle nature. Many attempts to alleviate these disadvantages were reported, with most of them being time and/or resource-intensive or requiring additional chemical or mechanical (pre)treatments, modification, or the use of additives. We show that mercerisation of cellulose nanopapers in strong alkaline media for 2 min to 24 h results in the (partial) transformation of native cellulose I into the more ductile cellulose II allomorph. The strain to failure of mercerised nanopapers tripled compared to the original nanopapers while retaining their tensile strength in excess of 100 MPa at the expense of a slight drop in modulus resulting in a significant increase in toughness (total work of fracture). An additional advantage of mercerisation is a reduction in porosity of the nanopapers and increased transparency.
Artificial Intelligence-Powered Discovery of Small Molecules Inhibiting CTLA-4 in Cancer
Authors: Sobhani Navid , Tardiel-Cyril Dana Rae , Chai Dafei , Generali Daniele , Li Jian-Rong , Vazquez-Perez Jonathan , Lim Jing Ming , Morris Rachel , Bullock Zaniqua Nysha , Davtyan Aram , Cheng Chao , Decker William , Li Yong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors, which generate durable responses in many cancer patients, have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited, and immune-related adverse events are very sever, especially for monoclonal antibody treatment directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which plays a pivotal role in preventing autoimmunity and fostering anticancer immunity by interacting with the B7 proteins CD80 and CD86. Small molecules impairing the CTLA-4/CD80 interaction have been developed; however, they directly target CD80, not CTLA-4. In this study, we performed artificial intelligence (AI)-powered virtual screening of approximately ten million compounds to identify those targeting CTLA-4. We validated primary hits with biochemical, biophysical, immunological, and experimental animal assays. We then optimized lead compounds and obtained inhibitors (inhibitory concentration, 1 micromole) that disrupted the CTLA-4/CD80 interaction without degrading CTLA-4. Several compounds inhibited tumor development prophylactically and therapeutically in syngeneic and CTLA-4–humanized mice. Our findings support using AI-based frameworks to design small molecules targeting immune checkpoints for cancer therapy.
Federated Transfer Learning for Soalr Flare Forecasting
Authors: Fu Junfeng , Wan Jie , Huang Xin , Han Ke , Peng E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The critical role of solar flare forecasting in shielding space-based systems and essential infrastructures from potential hazards is universally acknowledged. Most research in solar flare forecasting predominantly utilizes machine learning techniques, primarily focusing on the development and optimization of a single, comprehensive model. This strategy, however, tends to overlook the intrinsic variability amongst individual sunspots located on the solar photosphere. Such sunspot variations, which are manifested in distinct flare progression patterns and other unique physical parameters, play a pivotal role in the forecasting process. Ignoring these nuances while training machine learning models can unintentionally compromise the precision of solar flare predictions. To mitigate this issue, we propose a methodology rooted in federated transfer learning. This approach commences with the segregation of the acquired dataset using NOAA numbers, thereby enabling the tailored training of models based on these subdivisions. Subsequently, these individually trained models are integrated into a unified ”global model”. The parameters of this global model are then redistributed to each sub-model, facilitating additional training in an iterative cycle. This iterative process culminates when the output deviations between the global and sub-models satisfy a predetermined boundary. Our proposed methodology has yielded a commendable Area Under the Curve (AUC) score of 93.6%, underscoring its superior predictive performance relative to traditional techniques. These results underscore the importance and accuracy of factoring in the regional differences of sunspots in solar flare forecasting, thereby validating the effectiveness of our federated transfer learning approach.
Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) through Bivalve Mollusk (Meretrix meretrix) and Microalgae (Chlorella spp.)
Authors: Kumar S. Satheesh , Bharathi R. Ananda , Rajan J. J.S. , Thangarasu Selvam , Balasubramanian C. P. , Alavandi S. V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is the most virulent viral pathogen, which causes severe economic losses to the shrimp culture industry. The major obstacle in the control and prevention of WSSV is its broad host range and wide geographical distribution. WSSV transmission can occur via hosts in which the virus is amplified (active hosts) or through hosts in which the viral DNA just accumulates (carrier or passive host). The bivalve mollusk Meretrix meretrix is routinely used as live feed for shrimp brooders, and occasionally co-cultured with shrimp in culture ponds. Earlier study showed virus can efficiently trapped by bivalve mollusks due to their filter feeding mechanisms. The microalgae play an important role in nutrition of shrimp larval cycle. There is no proper study on WSSV accumulation and their replication in mollusks and microalgae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of bivalve mollusk (Meretrix meretrix) and microalgae (Chlorella spp) as a vector in WSSV transmission. Clams and shrimp were reared in WSSV spiked water and examined for the WSSV accumulation. Clam gill were tested negative initially for two days and become nested PCR positive after 6th day and progressed as first step positive after 8th day of introduction in to the WSSV spiked sea water. The infection of WSSV in clam were confirmed by PCR, histopathology and in-situ DNA hybridization assay. WSSV was spiked in Chlorella culture @ 1000 WSSV mL− 1 of Chlorella cells. The Chlorella WSSV mixture at different time duration from 1 to 10 days were co cultured along with protozoae and the mortality was monitored. Dead and moribund protozoae were regularly collected and screened for WSSV infection by PCR. Shrimp larval mortality was observed from day one to six days, and there was no mortality of protozoae from the seventh day to the tenth day. These results revealed that Chlorella spp can carry WSSV for six days in the condition of 1000 WSSVmL− 1 of Chlorella cells. The results of this study indicated that the bivalve mollusks may filter and accumulate WSSV from water column and might prevent horizontal transmission pathway of WSSV and microalgae could carry WSSV and infect shrimp larva. These observations may imply that clam and chlorella were potential carriers of WSSV.
Inhibin-A as a Useful Biomarker for Detecting Chromosomal Abnormalities in Prenatal Screening Programs
Authors: Momeni Kavoos 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the accuracy of various biochemical markers, including inhibin-A, in detecting chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses.
Methods
This retrospective study included 52 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis due to abnormal results on prenatal screening tests. The study measured the levels of inhibin-A, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) in maternal serum.
Results
Inhibin-A was the only biomarker that showed a significant difference in mean value between the groups with normal and abnormal amniocentesis results. Specifically, inhibin-A had a significantly higher mean value in the group with abnormal results compared to the group with normal results. Inhibin-A also had the highest sensitivity and positive predictive value among all the biomarkers studied. The combined first-trimester screening test using nuchal translucency, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, and free beta-hCG had the highest specificity and negative predictive value.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that inhibin-A is a useful biomarker for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses, with a high sensitivity and positive predictive value. The findings may have important implications for prenatal screening programs, although further research is needed to confirm the usefulness of inhibin-A and other biomarkers in screening for chromosomal abnormalities.
A difference between inner Pasch and outer Pasch and outer Pasch is not independent in Tarskian Geometry
Authors: Li Dafa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tarski originally took outer Pasch as an axiom. Later, Szmielew chose to take inner Pasch as an axiom instead of outer Pasch. Outer Pasch can be written as the form ∀[∃A→∃B]. In this paper, we can show that outer Pasch itself is equivalent to ∀[∃B→∃A], where ∃B→∃A is the converse of ∃A→∃B, without using the symmetry of the betweenness (SB) or other Tarskian axioms. And then, we show that ∀[∃A↔∃B] is a theorem. Inner Pasch can also be written as the form ∀[∃C→∃D]. But, ∀[∃D→∃C], where ∃D→∃C is the converse of ∃C→∃D, is not true. Of course, ∀[∃C↔∃D] is not a theorem. Thus, we find a property which outer Pasch axiom possesses while inner Pasch axiom does not. The property suggests a reason to prefer to take outer Pasch as an axiom to inner Pasch. In [ 4], Tarski and Givant indicated that the independence of outer Pasch axiom in FG⁽²⁾ is still an open question while by modifying FG⁽²⁾ by replacing Ax.10₁ with Ax. 10₂, then outer Pasch is independent. However, we show that outer Pasch is not independent, specially in FG⁽²⁾ or the modified FG⁽²⁾. For the independence of outer Pasch, we suggest a new version of outer Pasch.
A Meta-Analysis of Whole Blood Transcriptome Reveals Association of Increased Neutrophil Activity and T cell Suppression in Sepsis
Authors: N Shruthi T , Kolandaswamy Anbazhagan , Somanna Prabakara 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction due to an uncontrolled host-response to pathogens, a leading cause of mortality in (Intensive care unit) ICUs. Currently, diagnosis of sepsis is a challenging task, due to lack of specific markers. Understanding underlying mechanism associated with sepsis is essential for marker discovery. We employed meta-analysis approach to study the key genes associated with sepsis pathogenesis and immune regulation. We considered six publically available GEO datasets and analyzed using GEO2R to identify differentially expressed genes. Significant (p-value ≤ 0.05 and log fold change ≤ -1.5 or ≥ + 1.5) common genes from six studies were subjected to network analysis and functional enrichment analysis to identify enriched GO terms, KEGG pathways and hub genes. Gene expression data resulted in 233 DEGs, 146 genes were upregulated and 87 genes were downregulated. Through network and functional enrichment analysis 20 hub genes were identified, 11 genes were upregulated, and nine genes were downregulated. The upregulated genes (CD177, MMP8, ARG1, IL18R1, RETN, LTF, S100A12, S100A8, S1000A9, MMP9 and ELANE) are associated with innate immune system and regulates neutrophil activity. Down-regulated genes (FCERIA, IL7R, CCR7, CX3CR1, CD3G, CD40LG, CD247, CD3E and GZMK) are associated with adaptive immune response, T cell function and antigen processing and presentation. Dysregulation of these genes are found to be associated with immunosuppression and increased inflammatory reaction during sepsis. These genes could be used as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for sepsis condition.
Optimal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis for oral microbiota to avoid the potential bias introduced by trimming length, primer, and database
Authors: Nagai Takahiko , Shiba Takahiko , Komatsu Keiji , Watanabe Takayasu , Nemoto Takashi , Maekawa Shogo , Kobayashi Ryota , Matsumura Shunsuke , Ohsugi Yujin , Katagiri Sayaka , Takeuchi Yasuo , Iwata Takanori 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis is widely used to investigate the diversity and complexity of bacterial communities in the environment. However, the bacterial composition estimated from the experimental data can differ from the original composition. Such a bias occurs depending on methodological stages, including trimming length, selected amplification regions, and referenced databases. The optimal condition to minimize the bias for oral bacterial analysis remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible bias in 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis using three bacterial DNA samples, namely mock1 community, which comprised 15 bacteria from various environments, mock2 community, which comprised 6 major oral bacteria, and dental calculus obtained from 5 patients, along with different trimming lengths, three databases, and nine primers targeting different hypervariable regions.
Results. Mock1 community analysis results at the genus level showed the highest similarity between the data using 300 bp paired-end (PE), primer targeting V3 region, and SILVA ribosomal RNA database (SILVA) and the theoretical value obtained from the bacterial species. Mock2 community analysis with 300 bp PE showed one of the highest similarities between the theoretical value and data using the V3–V4 region with the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) at the genus level and data using the V1–V2 region with HOMD at the species level. In the species analysis of the dental calculus samples with 300 bp PE, the Shannon index value was higher in the V1–V2 region with HOMD than that in other combinations of primers and databases. The composition of the relative bacterial abundance was more markedly influenced by the inter-individual variability in the samples than the selected amplified region and/or database.
Conclusion. The optimal conditions for analyzing oral microbiota with the most negligible bias were determined to be a combination of 300 bp PE, the primer targeting the V1–V2 region, and the HOMD database. Notably, this is the first report for such analyses of modern Japanese dental calculus. Furthermore, the methods of this study will be a guide for setting the appropriate sequence analysis conditions for each environment.
Multichromosomal Mitochondrial Genome of Punica granatum: Comparative Evolutionary Analysis and Gene Transformation from chloroplast genomes
Authors: Feng Lijuan , Wang Chuanzeng , Yang Xuemei , An Mengmeng , Yin Yanlei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground Punica granatum is an essentially important fruit tree that has important economic, medicinal and ornamental properties. At present, there are few reports on the mitochondrial genome of pomegranate. To further understand the organization, variation, and evolution of pomegranate mitogenomes, theP. granatummitogenome was sequenced and assembled in the study. Results The genome structure was multi-chromosomes with seven circular chromosomes, measuring 382,774 bp in length with a 45.91% GC content. It contained 74 genes, including 46 protein-coding genes, 25 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. There were 188 pairs of dispersed repeats with lengths greater than or equal to 30, which were mainly reverse complementary repeats. The mitogenome analysis identified 114SSRs and 466 RNA editing sites. Analyses of codon usage, nucleotide diversity and gene migration from chloroplast to mitochondrial were also conducted. The collinear and comparative analysis of mitochondrial structures betweenP. granatumand its proximal species indicated thatP. granatumwas closely related toLagerstroemia indica.Phylogenetic examination based on the mitogenome also confirmed the evolutionary relationship. Conclusion The results provided the predominant information for pomegranate evolutionary biology and to promote the species germplasm utilization.
Trans-sodium crocetinate suppresses apoptotic and oxidative response following myoglobin-induced cytotoxicity in HEK-2 cells
Authors: Aminifard Tahereh , Mehri Soghra , Rahbardar Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh , Rajabian Fatemeh , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is a serious fatal syndrome. The RM leads to acute kidney injury (AKI) as a fatal complication. The belief is that the RM-induced AKI is triggered by myoglobin (MB). MB activates oxidative and apoptotic pathways.Trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) isobtained from saffron and it has antioxidant andrenoprotective effects. This research was designed to assess the mechanisms of MB-induced cytotoxicity in HEK-2 cells (human embryonic kidney cells) as well as the possible effects of TSC against MB-induced cytotoxicity.
Methods: HEK-2 cells were exposed to diverse concentrations of TSC (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 µM) for 24 h. Then, MB (9 mg/ml) was added to the cells. After 24 h, cell viability was measured through MTT, and The values of ROS generation were calculated using DCFH-DA assay. Besides, using western blot autophagy and apoptosis markers in cells were assessed.
Results: MB decreased viability and increased ROS levels in HEK-2 cells. Furthermore, MB enhanced the apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) and autophagy markers (LC3II/I ratio and Beclin-1) in HEK-2 cells. However, pretreatment of HEK-2 cells with TSC for 24 h reduced the cytotoxicity and ROS production caused by MB. Additionally, TSC pretreatment condensed the levels of autophagy and apoptosis markers in response to MB cytotoxicity.
Conclusion:TSC has a positive effect in preventing MB-induced cytotoxicity in HEK-2 cells by increasing antioxidant activity and regulation of apoptotic and autophagy signaling pathways.