bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choice of treatment evaluated after trial periods with bone conduction devices and contralateral routing of sound systems in patients with single‐sided deafness
Authors: Wendrich Anne W. , van Heteren Jan A. A. , Peters Jeroen P. M. , Cattani Guido , Stokroos Robert J. , Versnel Huib , Smit Adriana L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesPatients with single‐sided deafness (SSD) may experience difficulties with speech perception in noise, sound localization, have tinnitus and experience a reduced quality of life (QoL). contralateral routing of sound hearing aids (CROS) or bone conduction devices (BCD) may partly improve subjective speech communication and QoL in SSD patients. A trial period with these devices can help in making a well‐informed choice of treatment. Our aim was to evaluate factors influencing the choice of treatment made after a BCD and CROS trial period in adult SSD patients.MethodsPatients were randomized in the: “first BCD, then CROS” or “first CROS, then BCD” trial period group. After the BCD on headband and CROS were tested for 6 weeks each, patients choose for BCD, CROS or no treatment. Primary outcome was the distribution of choice of treatment. Secondary outcomes included the association between the choice of treatment and patient characteristics, reasons for treatment acceptance or rejection, device usage during the trial periods, and disease‐specific QoL outcomes.ResultsOf 91 patients randomized, 84 completed both trial periods and made their choice of treatment: 25 (30%) BCD, 34 (40%) CROS, and 25 (30%) no treatment. No characteristics were found to be related to choice of treatment. Top three reasons for acceptance or rejection were: device (dis)comfort, sound quality and (dis)advantage of subjective hearing. Average daily device use during the trial periods was higher for CROS than for BCD. Choice of treatment was significantly related with both duration of device usage and greater improvement of QoL after the corresponding trial period.ConclusionThe majority of SSD patients preferred BCD or CROS over no treatment. Evaluating device usage, discussing treatment (dis)advantages and disease‐specific QoL outcomes after trial periods are to be considered during patient counseling and could facilitate whether to choose one of these treatments.Level of evidence1B.
Bound States in the Continuum in Asymmetric Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhou Chaobiao , Huang Lujun , Jin Rong , Xu Lei , Li Guanhai , Rahmani Mohsen , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is well established that for symmetry‐protected bound states in the continuum (BICs), introducing the broken geometry symmetry in a dielectric metasurface transforms such a BIC into a quasi‐BIC (QBIC) with high‐quality factor (Q‐factor). Typically, the smaller the asymmetry parameter, the larger the Q‐factor. However, it is very challenging to fabricate such nanostructures with an ultra‐small asymmetry parameter, thus limiting the measured Q‐factor of QBIC. In this work, the authors demonstrated that BICs can be sustained at Γ‐point in an asymmetric dielectric metasurface, whose unit cell is composed of a dielectric cuboid with an off‐centre hole inside it. Multipole decompositions and near‐field distributions indicate that the toroidal dipole dominates the nature of such a QBIC. Furthermore, the authors found that such a BIC is robust against the shape of the hole. Besides, two BICs at different wavelengths can be achieved by applying either a rectangular hole or a rectangular lattice. Finally, the authors presented experimental verifications of BIC types by fabricating asymmetric silicon metasurfaces. Measurement results show that the Q‐factor of QBIC can reach almost 5,000. The results may enrich the library of BICs and find exciting applications in developing high‐performance photonics devices, such as nanolasers, biosensors and enhanced nonlinear harmonic generation.
Gradient H‐Bonding Supports Highly Adaptable and Rapidly Self‐Healing Composite Binders with High Ionic Conductivity for Silicon Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Lili , Luo Peng , Bai Haomin , Huang Yiwu , Lai Pengyuan , Yuan Yuan , Wen Jianwu , Xie Changqiong , Li Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn ideal binder for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) should effectively inhibit volume effects, exhibit specific functional properties (e.g., self‐repair capabilities and high ionic conductivity), and require low‐cost, environmentally friendly mass production processes. This study adopts a synergistic strategy involving gradient (strong‐weak) hydrogen bonding to construct a hard/soft polymer composite binder with self‐healing abilities and high battery cell environments adaptability in LIBs. The meticulously designed 3D network structure comprising continuous electron transport pathways buffers the mechanical stresses caused by changes in silicon volume and improves the overall stability of the solid electrolyte interphase film. The Si‐based anode with a polymer composite binder poly(acrylic acid‐g‐ureido pyrimidinone5%)/polyethylene oxide (Si/PAA‐UPy5%/PEO) achieves a reversible capacity of 1245 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, which is 6.6 times higher than that of the Si/PAA anode. After 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1, a half‐cell comprising Si/C anode with a polymer composite binder (Si/C/PAA‐UPy5%/PEO) has a remaining specific capacity of 420 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 79%. The corresponding full cell with a Li‐based cathode (LiFePO4/Si/C/PAA‐UPy5%/PEO) has an initial area capacity of 0.96 mAh cm−2 and retains an area capacity of 0.90 mAh cm−2 (capacity retention rate = 93%) after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Robust Fluorescent Nanocomposite Gel via Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Nian‐Xiang , Liu Chang , He Zi‐Liang , Li Qing , Chen Su 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFluorescent nanocomposite gels have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent optical properties, as well as enhanced mechanical strength originating from the nanoparticles. At present, two‐step methods are usually employed, where fluorescent nanoparticles are firstly prepared, followed by mixing with gel precursor to achieve the final products after gelation, which suffer from the disadvantages of a tedious and time‐consuming process. Thus, the development of a facile strategy is highly desirable, which still remains an obstacle. Herein, a new one‐pot synthesis method towards robust fluorescent nanocomposite gels via frontal polymerization (FP) is proposed, where small molecular precursors (citric acid (CA) and urea, or L‐cysteine) and gel precursor (vinyl monomers) are mixed together as co‐reactants. During the FP process, a lot of heat release gives rise to the generation of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). Thus, companying with the propagating of the polymerization, the production of fluorescent CPDs/gel composite is completed. In addition, as a nanofiller, CPDs dramatically enhance the mechanical property of the CPDs/gel composite. This work proposes a new fast and efficient one‐pot strategy for the production of CPDs/gel composite, which will guide the development of high‐performance polymer nanocomposites through an in situ synchronous reaction fashion.
Urine flow acceleration in healthy children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Martonosi Ágnes Rita , Pázmány Piroska , Kiss Szabolcs , Földi Mária , Zsákai Annamária , Szabó László 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsTo establish normal reference values of urine flow acceleration (Qacc) in healthy children, as there is a lack of nomograms for normative reference values of Qacc by voided volumes in the pediatric population so far. Qacc might be an early indicator of autonomic neuropathy in children and adolescents.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from healthy children who underwent uroflowmetry between 1990 and 1992. Exclusion criteria were voided volume less than 20 ml, and postvoid residual more than 15%. Baseline characteristics and uroflowmetry parameters were collected from girls and boys aged between 6 and 18 years. Voided volume, voiding time, time to maximum flow rate, and maximum and average flow rates of urine were measured, and Qacc was calculated. Postvoid bladder diameter was measured by ultrasonography and converted to volume.ResultsUroflowmetry parameters of 208 children (≤18 years old, 45.2% girls, mean age 9.68 ± 3.09 years) who performed 404 micturition were analyzed. Median voided volume, voiding time, time to Qmax, Qave, Qmax, Qacc, and postvoid residual volume were 130 [20–460] ml, 10 [3–56] s, 3 [1–14] s, 11.7 [2.5–36.6] ml/s, 20.5 [5–50] ml/s, 6 [0.81–25] ml/s2, and 1.83 [0–38.62] ml, respectively. Qacc nomograms were given in centile forms for girls and boys separately, which show an inversely proportional correlation between voided volumes.ConclusionsThese are the first nomograms for normative reference values of Qacc in the pediatric population (girls and boys separately) by voided volumes in centile forms. These may be useful to interpret abnormal Qacc values and diagnose lower urinary tract diseases over a wide range of voided volumes.
Effect of graphene on tribology, mechanical, and thermal properties of flax/E‐glass/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Shanmugam Srinivasan , Meenakshisundaram Omkumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites have received significant attention in the tribology and mechanical application due to their exceptional wear resistance, which cannot be expected in polymers. This study, involves preparation and fabrication of graphene hybrid (flax/E‐glass/epoxy) fiber‐reinforced polymer (HFRP) composites using compression molding. A study of the effect of graphene on the microhardness and wear behavior of HFRP composites was made using pin‐on‐disk tests at three different loads of 5, 10, and 15 N as per ASTM standards. Compared to HFRP composites, graphene in HFRP composites exhibits a distinguished enhancement in thermal stability, microhardness and tribological performance due to the formation of strong covalent bonds between graphene and epoxy matrix. Surface features were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The addition of graphene (0.0–1.2 wt%) to the matrix, especially 0.6 wt% of graphene in HFRP composites revealed extraordinary tribological properties, with a 35% decrease in the friction coefficient and wear rate under abrasive wear conditions. The result of the graphene in HFRP composites looks promising in wear‐resistant materials and other high‐performance areas in the automobile and aerospace industry.
Quantitative proteomics analysis of chicken embryos reveals key proteins that affect right gonadal degeneration in females
Authors: Qin Haimei , Wang Jingyuan , Jia Xiaoxuan , Zhi Yifei , Sun Lingling , Zhang Jiale , Wang Junli , Lu Yangqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn birds, embryonic gonads of females develop in a way different from mammals, with the left one develops into a functional ovary, while the right one degenerates during embryogenesis. Here, we examined the proteomics profiles of the female and male left and right gonads at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) with the label free tandem mass spectrometry proteomics technique. The relative protein abundance of the left and right gonads of female and male embryos was determined to identify their differential proteins. Overall, a total of 7726 proteins were identified, of which 79 and 54 proteins were significantly different in female and male right gonads compared with female left gonads and male left gonads respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the proteins DMRT1, ZFPM2, TSHZ3 were potentially associated with the degeneration of the right gonads in female embryos. The proteomics in this study provide clues for further elucidation of the pathways of sex determination, sex differentiation, and right gonadal degeneration in birds.
Triplet carbene that is isolated as a solid and bottled for months
Authors: Hirai Katsuyuki , Yamaguchi Ryutaro , Gunshi Daisuke , Jinpo Takashi , Kitagawa Toshikazu , Tomioka Hideo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOur efforts to isolate a triplet carbene as a solid so that one can “see” and keep it in a bottle have resulted in the most persistent species, namely, bis[10‐(4‐tert‐butyl‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐9‐anthryl]carbene (31). This carbene was generated by photolysis of the corresponding diazo precursor (1‐N2) in toluene matrix at 77 K. The matrix was then warmed to −20°C in vacuo to evaporate the solvent to dryness, affording carbene 31 as a yellow solid. The isolated triplet carbene was shown to survive for several months at room temperature in a degassed and sealed tube.
Investigation of parameters affecting the high harmonic generation from monolayer WS2
Authors: Sadeghifaraz Amin , Irani Elnaz , Monfared Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effect of crystal symmetry in the high harmonic generation of monolayer WS2 is investigated using the three‐dimensional time‐dependent density functional theory. The role of linearly and elliptically polarized laser, as well as the crystall orientation in the enhancement of harmonics yield, is explored. Also, the wavelength dependence of the harmonic yield and the intensity dependence of cutoff harmonic order are studied. The former shows an exponential decay with increasing the driving laser wavelength, and the latter reveals a linear dependency of cutoff harmonic to the driving laser field. Moreover, a dual pulse system as a driving laser, a fundamental 1.3 μm laser pulse synthesized by its second harmonic, is proposed which could increase the cutoff harmonic order up to 24th (22 eV). Our results pave the way for controlling and enhancing high harmonic spectra from solids.
Dyslexia Seen Through the Eyes of Teachers: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: Dymock Susan , Nicholson Tom 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTArguably, the classroom teacher is an important factor, if not the most important factor, in helping students with dyslexia to read and write well, yet there is little known about whether teachers perceive that they have the knowledge and confidence to teach these students. The present study was a national online survey of schools in Aotearoa New Zealand to explore this issue through the eyes of teachers. The sample consisted of 594 school leaders and teaching staff (elementary and secondary). The design of the study and analysis of data was descriptive, combining numbers with teacher comments. They provide initial data on dyslexia in schools. On the one hand, the data indicated that teachers and leaders were generally very positive about teaching students with dyslexia, for example, many rated their classrooms as “dyslexia friendly”. Teachers rated themselves as confident to help students with dyslexia and make a difference. On the other hand, the data indicated that teachers and leaders were not satisfied with the level of training and resources available to them. Some said they were working in the dark, and largely left to their own devices. Another less positive result was that many schools did not screen for dyslexia, or have a dyslexia policy, or share information with parents. Taken together, these findings at the teacher and school level have important practical implications. Teachers and school leaders want to help. We identify teacher training as a necessary mechanism for improving outcomes for students with dyslexia.
Data everyday as community‐driven science: Athletes' critical data literacy practices in collegiate sports contexts
Authors: Clegg Tamara L. , Cleveland Keaunna , Weight Erianne , Greene Daniel , Elmqvist Niklas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the community‐driven science happening organically in elite athletics as a means of engaging a community of learners—collegiate athletes, many of whom come from underrepresented groups—in STEM. We aim to recognize the data literacy practices inherent in sports play and to explore the potential ofcritical data literacy practicesfor enabling athletes to leverage data science as a means of addressing systemic racial, equity, and justice issues inherent in sports institutions. We leverage research on critical data literacies as a lens to present case studies of three athletes at an NCAA Division 1 university spanning three different sports. We focus on athletes' experiences as they engage in critical data literacy practices and the ways they welcome, adapt, resist, and critique such engagements. Our findings indicate ways in which athletes (1) readily accept data practices espoused by their coaches and sport, (2) critique and intentionally disengage from such practices, and (3) develop their own new data productions. In order to support community‐driven science, our findings point to the critical role of athletics' organizations in promoting athletes' access to, as well as engagement and agency with data practices on their teams.
Efficacy and safety of cilostazol in decreasing progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ip Bonaventure Y. M. , Lam Bonnie Y. K. , Hui Vincent M. H. , Au Lisa W. C. , Liu Mandy W. T. , Shi Lin , Lee Vivian W. Y. , Chu Winnie C. W. , Leung Thomas W. , Ko Ho , Mok Vincent C. T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is an important cause of dementia that lacks effective treatment. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of cilostazol, an antiplatelet agent with potential neurovascular protective effects, in slowing the progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in stroke‐ and dementia‐free subjects harboring confluent WMH on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsIn this single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, we randomized stroke‐ and dementia‐free subjects with confluent WMHs to receive cilostazol or placebo for 2 years in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was change in WMH volume over 2 years. Secondary outcomes were changes in brain volumes, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, perivascular space, and alterations in white matter microstructural integrity, cognition, motor function, and mood.ResultsWe recruited 120 subjects from October 27, 2014, to January 21, 2019. A total of 55 subjects in the cilostazol group and 54 subjects in the control group were included for intention‐to‐treat analysis. At 2‐year follow‐up, the changes in WMH volume were not statistically different between cilostazol treatment and placebo (0.3±1.0 mL vs −0.1±0.8 mL, p = 0.167). Secondary outcomes, bleeding and vascular events, were also not statistically different between the two groups.DiscussionIn this trial with stroke‐ and dementia‐free subjects with confluent WMHs, cilostazol did not impact WMH progression but demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. Future studies should address the treatment effects of cilostazol on subjects at different clinical stages of SVD.
β‐Lactam resistance genes present in UK pheasants and red‐legged partridges
Authors: Bain Charlotte , Rathor Getika , Jones Ben P. , Hassan Marwa M. , Papke Przemyslaw , South Ben , Elliott Mark , Jones Ian , La Ragione Roberto M. , Betson Martha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite considerable recent reductions in antimicrobial use, the UK gamebird industry continues to struggle with production diseases during the rearing season, necessitating significant antibiotic use. This observational study investigated the presence of genes conferring resistance to β‐lactam antibiotics within industry‐reared pheasants and red‐legged partridges in the UK.MethodsDNA was extracted from 60 pooled caecal samples collected from gamebirds at routine postmortem examinations during the rearing season. Genes encoding extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases (ESBL) were detected by PCR and the corresponding alleles were determined.ResultsOver half (53%) of the samples harboured genes encoding blaTEM resistance, with blaSHV identified in 20% of samples. The blaTEM gene was more common on sites with higher antibiotic use, whereas blaSHV was predominantly found in birds younger than 5 weeks. Genotyping of the identified resistance genes revealed the presence of blaTEM‐1, blaSHV‐1 and blaSHV‐11 alleles.LimitationsThis was a small‐scale study conducted at four sites in southern England.ConclusionThis is the first report of the presence of ESBL genes in gamebirds, highlighting the need for further research into antimicrobial resistance in UK gamebirds.
On the space of initial values strictly satisfying the dominant energy condition
Authors: Glöckle Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe dominant energy condition imposes a restriction on initial value pairs found on a spacelike hypersurface of a Lorentzian manifold. In this article, we study the space of initial values that satisfy this condition strictly. To this aim, we introduce an index difference for initial value pairs and compare it to its classical counterpart for Riemannian metrics. Recent non-triviality results for the latter will then imply that this space has non-trivial homotopy groups.
Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Bai Lei , Zhang Yi , Chen ShiKai , Bai Yan , Lu Jun , Xu JunKui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the correlation between the prognosis of osteochondral lesions of the talus and patient age, gender, duration of illness, and injury location, surface area, depth, and volume.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 44 patients who underwent talus osteochondral transplantation in the Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery of our hospital between January 2017 and December 2020 was performed. The clinical medical records of the patients were collected, and the location of the osteochondral lesion of the talus was determined according to the nine-division method. The surface area, depth, and volume of the osteochondral lesion of the talus were measured using mimics software in all patients. The visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), and the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire scores were evaluated before surgery and at the last follow-up, and correlation analysis was performed.

Results
Of 44 patients, 30 were followed up with a mean period of 24.33 ± 12.19 months. There were 18 men and 12 women, with an average age of 40.73 ± 10.57 years and an average disease duration of 28.30 ± 21.25 months. The VAS, AOFAS, and SF-36 scores of all patients at the last follow-up were significantly better than those before surgery. The degree of post-operative symptom improvement was not correlated with age, sex, duration of illness, and injury location, surface area, depth, and volume.

Conclusion
The prognosis of osteochondral lesion of the talus is not related to patient age, gender, duration of disease, or injury location, surface area, depth, and volume.