bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-fair Capacitated Students-Topics Grouping Problem
Authors: Le Quy Tai , Friege Gunnar , Ntoutsi Eirini 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGroup work is a prevalent activity in educational settings, where students are often divided into topic-specific groups based on their preferences. The grouping should reflect students’ aspirations as much as possible. Usually, the resulting groups should also be balanced in terms of protected attributes like gender, as studies suggest that students may learn better in mixed-gender groups. Moreover, to allow a fair workload across the groups, the cardinalities of the different groups should be balanced. In this paper, we introduce a multi-fair capacitated (MFC) grouping problem that fairly partitions students into non-overlapping groups while ensuring balanced group cardinalities (with a lower and an upper bound), and maximizing the diversity of members regarding the protected attribute. To obtain the MFC grouping, we propose three approaches: a greedy heuristic approach, a knapsack-based approach using vanilla maximal knapsack formulation, and an MFC knapsack approach based on group fairness knapsack formulation. Experimental results on a real dataset and a semi-synthetic dataset show that our proposed methods can satisfy students’ preferences and deliver balanced and diverse groups regarding cardinality and the protected attribute, respectively.
The classical dynamics of gauge theories in the deep infrared
Authors: Flanagan Éanna É. , Shehzad Ibrahim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gauge and gravitational theories in asymptotically flat settings possess infinitely many conserved charges associated with large gauge transformations or diffeomorphisms that are nontrivial at infinity. To what extent do these charges constrain the scattering in these theories? It has been claimed in the literature that the constraints are trivial, due to a decoupling of hard and soft sectors for which the conserved charges constrain only the dynamics in the soft sector. We show that the argument for this decoupling fails due to the failure in infinite dimensions of a property of symplectic geometry which holds in finite dimensions. Specializing to electromagnetism coupled to a massless charged scalar field in four dimensional Minkowski spacetime, we show explicitly that the two sectors are always coupled using a perturbative classical computation of the scattering map. Specifically, while the two sectors are uncoupled at low orders, they are coupled at quartic order via the electromagnetic memory effect. This coupling cannot be removed by adjusting the definitions of the hard and soft sectors (which includes the classical analog of dressing the hard degrees of freedom). We conclude that the conserved charges yield nontrivial constraints on the scattering of hard degrees of freedom. This conclusion should also apply to gravitational scattering and to black hole formation and evaporation.In developing the classical scattering theory, we show that generic Lorenz gauge solutions fail to satisfy the matching condition on the vector potential at spatial infinity proposed by Strominger to define the field configuration space, and we suggest a way to remedy this. We also show that when soft degrees of freedom are present, the order at which nonlinearities first arise in the scattering map is second order in Lorenz gauge, but can be third order in other gauges.
A counterexample to the CFT convexity conjecture
Authors: Sharon Adar , Watanabe Masataka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the weak gravity conjecture, [Phys. Rev. D104 (2021) 126005] conjectured that in any CFT, the minimal operator dimension at fixed charge is a convex function of the charge. In this letter we construct a counterexample to this convexity conjecture, which is a clockwork-like model with some modifications to make it a weakly-coupled CFT. We also discuss further possible applications of this model and some modified versions of the conjecture which are not ruled out by the counterexample.
Probabilistic Descriptions of Fluid Flow: A Survey
Authors: Gallenmüller Dennis , Wagner Raphael , Wiedemann Emil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFluids can behave in a highly irregular, turbulent way. It has long been realised that, therefore, some weak notion of solution is required when studying the fundamental partial differential equations of fluid dynamics, such as the compressible or incompressible Navier–Stokes or Euler equations. The standard concept of weak solution (in the sense of distributions) is still a deterministic one, as it gives exact values for the state variables (like velocity or density) for almost every point in time and space. However, observations and mathematical theory alike suggest that this deterministic viewpoint has certain limitations. Thus, there has been an increased recent interest in the mathematical fluids community in probabilistic concepts of solution. Due to the considerable number of such concepts, it has become challenging to navigate the corresponding literature, both classical and recent. We aim here to give a reasonably concise yet fairly detailed overview of probabilistic formulations of fluid equations, which can roughly be split into measure-valued and statistical frameworks. We discuss both approaches and their relationship, as well as the interrelations between various statistical formulations, focusing on the compressible and incompressible Euler equations.
Rezidivierende Livedo-artige Hautveränderungen nach einer Vektor-basierten COVID-19-Impfung
Authors: Kränke Teresa , Cerpes Urban , Legat Franz , Arbab Emad , Kränke Birger 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie stellt das weltweite Gesundheitssystem seit 2020 vor einzigartige Herausforderungen. Faszinierend und v. a. von besonderer gesundheitspolitischer Bedeutung ist es, dass es kaum 1 Jahr nach den ersten Berichten über COVID-19-Infektionen mehreren Forschungsgruppen gelungen ist, Impfstoffe gegen das Coronavirus zu entwickeln. Derzeit sind 3 Klassen von Impfstoffen verfügbar (mRNA-Impfstoffe, Vektorimpfstoffe und Impfstoffe, die das gesamte inaktivierte Virus enthalten). Wir berichten über eine Patientin, die kurz nach der ersten Gabe des Coronaimpfstoffes von AstraZeneca/Oxford (ChAdOx1) rötliche, teilweise urtikarielle Hautveränderungen am rechten Arm und der rechten Flanke entwickelte. Die Läsionen waren flüchtig, rezidivierten allerdings in loco und anderen Lokalisationen über einige Tage. Das klinische Bild war ungewöhnlich. Eine Unterscheidung zwischen einer – für uns am ehesten wahrscheinlichen – Impfstoff-getriggerten akuten Urtikaria und einem urtikariellen Exanthem war uns nicht sicher möglich.
Modulation of cellular transcriptome and proteome composition by azidohomoalanine—implications on click chemistry–based secretome analysis
Authors: Kirschner Friederike , Arnold-Schild Danielle , Leps Christian , Łącki Mateusz Krzysztof , Klein Matthias , Chen Yannic , Ludt Annekathrin , Marini Federico , Kücük Can , Stein Lara , Distler Ute , Sielaff Malte , Michna Thomas , Riegel Kristina , Rajalingam Krishnaraj , Bopp Tobias , Tenzer Stefan , Schild Hansjörg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe analysis of the secretome provides important information on proteins defining intercellular communication and the recruitment and behavior of cells in specific tissues. Especially in the context of tumors, secretome data can support decisions for diagnosis and therapy. The mass spectrometry–based analysis of cell-conditioned media is widely used for the unbiased characterization of cancer secretomes in vitro. Metabolic labeling using azide-containing amino acid analogs in combination with click chemistry facilitates this type of analysis in the presence of serum, preventing serum starvation-induced effects. The modified amino acid analogs, however, are less efficiently incorporated into newly synthesized proteins and may perturb protein folding. Combining transcriptome and proteome analysis, we elucidate in detail the effects of metabolic labeling with the methionine analog azidohomoalanine (AHA) on gene and protein expression. Our data reveal that 15–39% of the proteins detected in the secretome displayed changes in transcript and protein expression induced by AHA labeling. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses indicate that metabolic labeling using AHA leads to induction of cellular stress and apoptosis-related pathways and provide first insights on how this affects the composition of the secretome on a global scale.Key messagesAzide-containing amino acid analogs affect gene expression profiles.Azide-containing amino acid analogs influence cellular proteome.Azidohomoalanine labeling induces cellular stress and apoptotic pathways.Secretome consists of proteins with dysregulated expression profiles.
Cooling channel free surface optimisation for additively manufactured casting tools
Authors: Zeng Tongyan , Abo-Serie Essam , Henry Manus , Jewkes James 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present study, an algorithm has been developed using the adjoint method to optimise the position and cross-section of an internal cooling channel for a 3D printed tool steel insert for use in the aluminium die-casting process. The algorithm enables the development of an optimised complex industrial mould with relatively low computational cost. A transient model is validated against multiple experimental trials, providing an adapted interface heat transfer coefficient. A steady state thermal model, based on the casting cycle and thermal behaviour at the mould surface, is developed to evaluate the spatial distribution of temperature and to serve as the initial solution for the subsequent optimisation stage. The adjoint model is then applied to optimise the cooling channel emphasising the minimisation of the temperature standard deviation for the mould surface. The original transient model is applied to the optimised mould configuration via calibration using experimental data obtained from a dedicated aluminium furnace. The optimised cooling channel geometry, which uses a non-uniform cross-section across the entire pipe surface region, improves the pressure drop and cooling uniformity across the mould/cast interface by 24.2% and 31.6%, respectively. The model has been used to optimise cooling channels for a range of industrial high-pressure aluminium die-casting (HPADC) inserts. This has yielded a significant improvement in the mould operational lifetime, rising to almost 130,000 shots compared to 40,000 shots for prior designs.
Alternating current microgrid protection method utilizing photovoltaic low-voltage ride-through characteristics
Authors: Jing Liuming , Zhao Tong , Xia Lei , Zhou Jinghua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe increasingly popular inverter distributed generation in microgrids is leading to changes in system fault characteristics. The fault behaviors of inverter distributed generation are closely related to the control mode. Here, a photovoltaic power supply in constant power mode enters a low-voltage ride-through state when there is a fault in the microgrid. The output current phase in the ride-through state is analyzed, and a local protection method based on the phase difference of the feeder positive-sequence current is proposed. The method is used to avoid interpreting voltage surges as faults, and to detect and locate faults rapidly and accurately. Electromagnetic transient simulation software is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed protection scheme.
From Alien Species to Alien Communities: Host- and Habitat-Associated Microbiomes in an Alien Amphibian
Authors: Leonhardt Franziska , Keller Alexander , Arranz Aveces Clara , Ernst Raffael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlien species can host diverse microbial communities. These associated microbiomes may be important in the invasion process and their analysis requires a holistic community-based approach. We analysed the skin and gut microbiome of Eleutherodactylus johnstonei from native range populations in St Lucia and exotic range populations in Guadeloupe, Colombia, and European greenhouses along with their respective environmental microbial reservoir through a 16S metabarcoding approach. We show that amphibian-associated and environmental microbial communities can be considered as meta-communities that interact in the assembly process. High proportions of bacteria can disperse between frogs and environment, while respective abundances are rather determined by niche effects driven by the microbial community source and spatial environmental properties. Environmental transmissions appeared to have higher relevance for skin than for gut microbiome composition and variation. We encourage further experimental studies to assess the implications of turnover in amphibian-associated microbial communities and potentially invasive microbiota in the context of invasion success and impacts. Within this novel framework of “nested invasions,” (meta-)community ecology thinking can complement and widen the traditional perspective on biological invasions.
Juvenile social play predicts docility in Belding’s ground squirrels
Authors: Hurst-Hopf James S. , Monroy Montemayor Martha P. , Leonardi Nyla N. , Nunes Scott 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the hypothesis that social play behavior influences the development of temperament in young animals, using docility as a measure of temperament. We observed the play behavior of juvenile Belding’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) during the developmental period in which play primarily occurs and conducted behavioral tests measuring docility at the beginning and toward the end of the play interval. Tests involved handling squirrels and recording their responses. We observed a significant but weak association between body mass and docility at the beginning of the play period, suggesting that docility may vary with size or energetic variables. Docility decreased significantly among juveniles over the play interval, and rates of social play were reliable predictors of change in docility. Juveniles who played at higher rates tended to have greater decreases in docility over the play interval, suggesting that social play might refine temperament toward more active responses in U. beldingi. Rates of social play among juveniles were reliable predictors of their scores on docility tests as yearlings, suggesting that possible effects of juvenile play on docility may extend beyond the juvenile period. Among mothers of juveniles in the study, docility during gestation and lactation were reliable predictors of docility after emergence of young from the natal burrow. However, docility of mothers decreased significantly between gestation and emergence of young, suggesting that although squirrels have individual tendencies toward docility, the expression of these tendencies may be influenced by behavioral context.

Significance statement
This study helps to elucidate ways in which juvenile social play influences the development of young animals. Various studies have suggested that juvenile play influences motor, social, and cognitive development. Here, we show an association between juvenile social play and development of temperament in Belding’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi). Juveniles who engaged in play at higher rates across the play interval had greater behavioral shifts from passive toward active responses. Refinements in temperament toward more proactive behavior might have benefits for young animals such as better preparing them to explore, investigate, and gather information about their social and physical environments as they venture away from their natal areas.
Long-term safety and efficacy of renal sympathetic denervation in atrial fibrillation: 3-year results of the AFFORD study
Authors: Zeijen Victor J. M. , Theuns Dominic A. , Feyz Lida , Saville Kari A. , Bhagwandien Rohit , Kardys Isabella , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Daemen Joost 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia which has been associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity and hypertension. Recent evidence indicated that renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) could safely contribute to an improvement in AF burden.

Objective
To investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of radiofrequency RDN in hypertensive patients with symptomatic AF.

Methods
This pilot study included patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF (European Hearth Rhythm Association class ≥ II) despite optimal medical therapy, office systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 2 antihypertensive drugs. AF burden was measured using an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM), implanted 3 months prior to RDN. ICM interrogation and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring were performed at baseline and at 3/6/12/24/36 months post RDN. The primary efficacy outcome was daily AF burden. Statistical analyses were performed using Poisson and negative binomial models.

Results
A total of 20 patients with a median age [25th–75th percentiles] of 66.2 [61.2–70.8] years (55% female) were included. At baseline, office BP ± standard deviation (SD) was 153.8/87.5 ± 15.2/10.4 mmHg, while mean 24-h ambulatory BP was 129.5/77.3 ± 15.5/9.3 mmHg. Baseline daily AF burden was 1.4 [0.0–10.9] minutes/day and throughout a 3-year follow-up period, no significant change was observed (− 15.4%/year; 95% confidence interval (CI) − 50.2%, + 43.7%; p = 0.54). The number of defined daily doses of antiarrhythmic drugs and antihypertensive drugs remained stable over time, while mean 24-h ambulatory systolic BP decreased with − 2.2 (95% CI − 3.9, − 0.6; p = 0.01) mmHg/year.

Conclusions
In patients with hypertension and symptomatic AF, stand-alone RDN reduced BP but did not significantly reduce AF burden up until 3 years of follow-up.

Graphical abstract
Safety and efficacy of continuous renal replacement therapy for children less than 10 kg using standard adult machines
Authors: Kedarnath Manju , Alexander Emma C. , Deep Akash 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContinuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) machines are used off-label in patients less than 20 kg. Infant and neonates-dedicated CRRT machines are making their way into current practice, but these machines are available only in select centres. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of CRRT using adult CRRT machines in children ≤ 10 kg and to determines the factors affecting the circuit life in these children. Design: Retrospective cohort study of children ≤ 10 kg who received CRRT (January 2010-January 2018) at a PICU in a tertiary care centre in London, UK. Primary diagnosis, markers for illness severity, CRRT characteristics, length of PICU admission and survival to PICU discharge were collected. Descriptive analysis compared survivors and non-survivors. A subgroup analysis compared children ≤ 5 kg to children 5–10 kg. Fifty-one patients ≤ 10 kg received 10,328 h of CRRT, with median weight of 5 kg. 52.94% survived to hospital discharge. Median circuit life was 44 h (IQR 24–68). Bleeding episodes occurred with 6.7% of sessions and hypotension for 11.9%. Analysis of efficacy showed a reduction in fluid overload at 48 h (P = 0.0002) and serum creatinine at 24 and 48 h (P = 0.001). Blood priming was deemed to be safe as serum potassium decreased at 4 h (P = 0.005); there was no significant change in serum calcium. Survivors had a lower PIM2 score at PICU admission (P < 0.001) and had longer PICU length of stay (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Pending neonatal and infant dedicated CRRT machines, CRRT can be safely and effectively applied to children weighing ≤ 10 kg using adult-sized CRRT machines.

What is Known:• Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy can be used for a variety of renal and non-renal indications to improve outcomes for children in the paediatric intensive care unit. These include, persistent oliguria, fluid overload, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperlactatemia, hyperammonaemia, and hepatic encephalopathy.• Young children ≤ 10 kg are most often treated using standard adult machines, off-label. This potentially places them at risk of side effects due to high extracorporeal circuit volumes, relatively higher blood flows, and difficulty in achieving vascular access.

What is New:• This study found that standard adult machines were effective in reducing fluid overload and creatinine in children ≤ 10 kg. This study also assessed safety of blood priming in this group and found no evidence of an acute fall in haemoglobin or calcium, and a fall in serum potassium by a median of 0.3 mmol/L. The frequency of bleeding episodes was 6.7%, and hypotension requiring vasopressors or fluid resuscitation occurred with 11.9% of treatment sessions.• These findings suggest that adult CRRT machines are sufficiently safe and efficacious for routine use in PICU for children ≤ 10 kg and suggest that further research is undertaken, regarding the routine rollout of dedicated machines.
Clinical and biomechanical outcomes following patellar tendon repair with suture tape augmentation
Authors: Hinz Maximilian , Geyer Stephanie , Winden Felix , Braunsperger Alexander , Kreuzpointner Florian , Irger Markus , Imhoff Andreas B. , Mehl Julian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patellar tendon ruptures (PTR) occur predominantly in middle-aged patients following indirect trauma. The aim of this study was to quantify the short-term results using a suture tape augmentation technique for the repair of PTR.

Methods
All consecutive patients with acute (< 6 weeks) PTR who underwent suture tape augmentation between 03/2014 and 11/2019 at a single institution with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were retrospectively evaluated. Outcome measures included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, Tegner Activity Scale (TAS) and return to sport rates, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (IKDC) as well as Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Additionally, a standardized clinical examination and an isometric strength evaluation of knee extension and flexion were performed. It was hypothesized that high return to sport rates and good functional outcome would be observed and that the majority of patients would not present with a severe (> 20%) knee extension strength deficit when compared to the contralateral side.

Results
A total of 7 patients (mean age 37.0 ± SD 13.5 years; 6 male/1 female) were available for final assessment at a median follow-up of 17.0 (25–75% IQR 16.0–77.0) months. Three injuries occurred during ball sports, two injuries occurred during winter sports, and one injury each occurred during a motorcycling and skateboarding accident. The average time between trauma and surgery was 4.7 ± 2.6 days. At follow-up, patients reported little pain (VAS: 0 [0–0.4]). Return to sport was possible for all patients 8.9 ± 4.0 months postoperatively at a high level (TAS: 7.0 [6.0–7.0]). Five patients (71.4%) returned to the preinjury level of play, and 2 (28.6%) did not return to the preinjury level of play. Patient-reported outcome measures were moderate to good (Lysholm score: 80.4 ± 14.5; IKDC: 84.2 ± 10.6; KOOS subscales: pain 95.6 ± 6.0, symptoms 81.1 [64.9–89.1], activities of daily living 98.5 [94.1–100], sport and recreation function 82.9 ± 14.1 and knee-related quality of life 75.9 ± 16.3). All patients were very satisfied (57.1%) or satisfied (42.9%) with the postoperative result. No postoperative complications were reported. Strength measurements revealed a severe knee extension deficit in 3 patients (42.9%), but no significant deficit of isometric knee extension or flexion strength in comparison with the contralateral side was observed overall (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Suture tape augmentation in acute PTR repair leads to good functional outcome without major complications. Although a severe knee extension strength deficit may occur in some patients postoperatively, an excellent return to sports rate and high patient satisfaction can be expected nonetheless.

Level of evidence
Retrospective cohort study; III.