bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressor Appraisals and Moderating Role of Forgiveness, Social Support, and Resilience as Adaptive Coping in Stress and Depression Among Older Sexual Minorities
Authors: Dejanipont Bunyong , Wang Chiachih , Jenkins Sharon , Ta Anh , Prybutok Victor , Vosvick Mark 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Compared to straight people, older sexual minorities are at a higher risk of experiencing depression because they encounter additional stressors related to sexual minority status. Nonetheless, the stressor appraisal process and the coping mechanism employed by sexual minority older adults remain understudied. Additionally, research on forgiveness in sexual minorities is scant, especially among older populations. This study examines the extent to which negative social interactions and shame about sexual minority identity explain perceived stress that underlines depression and the relative importance of forgiveness, social support, and resilience in forming adaptive coping, which moderates between stress and depression among sexual minority older adults.

Methods
We used hierarchical component models in structural equation modeling to analyze data—collected in 2017—from a sample of 50 lesbian women and 50 gay men older than 50 years.

Results
Negative social interactions and shame due to heterosexism significantly predict perceived stress, which in turn significantly predicts depressive symptoms. Also, forgiveness is more powerful at forming adaptive coping than social support, while resilience is the most powerful. Moreover, adaptive coping significantly moderates between stress and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Forgiveness and resilience are more important than social support in buffering between stress and mental health problems among older lesbian women and gay men.

Policy Implications
Access to forgiveness interventions should be readily available within mental health settings to promote the mental wellbeing and adaptive coping of clients who experienced interpersonal transgressions or negative self-thoughts.
Spatio-functional organization in virocells of small uncultivated archaea from the deep biosphere
Authors: Banas Indra , Esser Sarah P , Turzynski Victoria , Soares André , Novikova Polina , May Patrick , Moraru Cristina , Hasenberg Mike , Rahlff Janina , Wilmes Paul , Klingl Andreas , Probst Alexander J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite important ecological roles posited for virocells (i.e., cells infected with viruses), studying individual cells in situ is technically challenging. We introduce here a novel correlative microscopic approach to study the ecophysiology of virocells. By conducting concerted virusFISH, 16S rRNA FISH, and scanning electron microscopy interrogations of uncultivated archaea, we linked morphologies of various altiarchaeal cells to corresponding phylogenetic signals and indigenous virus infections. While uninfected cells exhibited moderate separation between fluorescence signals of ribosomes and DNA, virocells displayed complete cellular segregation of chromosomal DNA from viral DNA, the latter co-localizing with host ribosome signals. A similar spatial separation was observed in dividing cells, with viral signals congregating near ribosomes at the septum. These observations suggest that replication of these uncultivated viruses occurs alongside host ribosomes, which are used to generate the required proteins for virion assembly. Heavily infected cells sometimes displayed virus-like particles attached to their surface, which agree with virus structures in cells observed via transmission electron microscopy. Consequently, this approach is the first to link genomes of uncultivated viruses to their respective structures and host cells. Our findings shed new light on the complex ecophysiology of archaeal virocells in deep subsurface biofilms and provide a solid framework for future in situ studies of virocells.
Homoeopathy in Psoriasis Vulgaris with Special Emphasis on Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Purkait Rajib , Banerjee Abhiram , Choubey Gurudev 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease with predominantly skin and joint involvement. Ample evidences suggest that psoriasis patients improve under homoeopathic treatment. The main objective of this documentation is to find out whether such improvement can be attributable to the homoeopathic treatment.
Method A case of psoriasis vulgaris with the complaint of dry, scaly itching eruption on the extensor surface of both legs is presented here. Outcome-related to impact on daily living (ORIDL) was used to evaluate the patient-reported outcome related to his daily living, disease severity in the involved area was assessed by PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) scale and PDI (Psoriasis Disability Index) scale was used to assess the disease-specific quality of life. Photographs were taken as objective evidence after obtaining consent from the patient. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) was used to find out the possible causal attribution of the treatment provided.
Result The ORIDL score of (+4) showed the major improvement from patient and physician's perspective. PASI score reduced from ‘11.2 to 0’ (documented in photographs) within a plausible timeframe. The duration of remission of the skin lesion continued for six months. Each domain of PDI score reduced (from ‘25 to 3′) imparting improved quality of life. The high total score (+9 in ‘−6 to 13’ scale) of MONARCH suggested the likelihood of improvement was attributable to the homoeopathic intervention. This case has evidently shown its marked improvement with validated outcome measures.
Fundamental insights into the correlation between chromosome configuration and transcription
Authors: Senapati Swayamshree , Irshad Inayat Ullah , Sharma Ajeet K , Kumar Hemant 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomes exhibit a hierarchical organization that spans a spectrum of length scales, ranging from sub-regions known as loops, which typically comprise hundreds of base pairs, to much larger chromosome territories that can encompass a few mega base pairs. Chromosome conformation capture experiments that involve high-throughput sequencing methods combined with microscopy techniques have enabled a new understanding of inter- and intra-chromosomal interactions with unprecedented details. This information also provides mechanistic insights on the relationship between genome architecture and gene expression. In this article, we review the recent findings on three-dimensional interactions among chromosomes at the compartment, topologically associating domain, and loop levels and the impact of these interactions on the transcription process. We also discuss current understanding of various biophysical processes involved in multi-layer structural organization of chromosomes. Then, we discuss the relationships between gene expression and genome structure from perturbative genome-wide association studies. Furthermore, for a better understanding of how chromosome architecture and function are linked, we emphasize the role of epigenetic modifications in the regulation of gene expression. Such an understanding of the relationship between genome architecture and gene expression can provide a new perspective on the range of potential future discoveries and therapeutic research.
Emergent dynamics in an astrocyte-neuronal network coupled via nitric oxide
Authors: Sharma Bhanu , Kumar Spandan , Ghosh Subhendu , Singh Vikram 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the brain, both neurons and glial cells work in conjunction with each other during information processing. Stimulation of neurons can induce calcium oscillations in astrocytes which in turn can affect neuronal calcium dynamics. The ‘glissandi’ effect is one such phenomenon, associated with a decrease in infraslow fluctuations, in which synchronized calcium oscillations propagate as a wave in hundreds of astrocytes. Nitric oxide molecules released from the astrocytes contribute to synaptic functions based on the underlying astrocyte–neuron interaction network. In this study, by defining an astrocyte–neuronal (A–N) calcium unit as an integrated circuit of one neuron and one astrocyte, we developed a minimal model of neuronal stimulus-dependent and NO-mediated emergence of calcium waves in astrocytes. Incorporating inter-unit communication via NO molecules, a coupled network of 1000 such A–N calcium units is developed in which multiple stable regimes were found to emerge in astrocytes. We examined the ranges of neuronal stimulus strength and the coupling strength between A–N calcium units that give rise to such dynamical behaviors. We also report that there exists a range of coupling strength, wherein units not receiving stimulus also start showing oscillations and become synchronized. Our results support the hypothesis that glissandi-like phenomena exhibiting synchronized calcium oscillations in astrocytes help in efficient synaptic transmission by reducing the energy demand of the process.
Beam dynamic design and study of a linac with variable output energy for an AB-BNCT facility
Authors: Li H.P. , Su H.Q. , Chen Y.Q. , Kong G.Q. , Wang F.Y. , Wang S. , Lu Y.R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (AB-BNCT) is being established worldwide as a future modality to start an era of in-hospital facilities. The most popular reaction for AB-BNCT is 7Li(p, n)7Be and high-flux neutron beams can be produced by bombarding lithium targets with low-energy proton beams. We chose the combined acceleration structure of Radio Frequency Quadrupole linac (RFQ) and Cross-bar H-mode DTL (CH-DTL) considering the compactness of the structure and the adjustment of output energy. The CW proton beam could be accelerated to 1.8 MeV by one RFQ cavity, and then to the final energy by one CH-DTL cavity. The output beam energy can be adjusted in the range of 2.2 MeV to 3.0 MeV with small beam loss and high beam quality, which could be achieved by controlling the feed power and RF phase of the CH-DTL. The variation of beam energy can meet requirements of the BNCT in treating tumors of different depths without adjusting structure of beam shaping assembly (BSA). The beam dynamics of the RFQ and DTL were completed to meet all requirements and the energy stability and adjustment method of output beam were investigated. In addition, we also performed the start-to-end beam tracking and error sensitivity analysis at last.
Entropic contribution to phenotype fitness
Authors: Catalán Pablo , Antonio García-Martín Juan , Aguirre Jacobo , Cuesta José A , Manrubia Susanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
All possible phenotypes are not equally accessible to evolving populations. In fact, only phenotypes of large size, i.e. those resulting from many different genotypes, are found in populations of sequences, presumably because they are easier to discover and maintain. Genotypes that map to these phenotypes usually form mostly connected genotype networks that percolate the space of sequences, thus guaranteeing access to a large set of alternative phenotypes. Within a given environment, where specific phenotypic traits become relevant for adaptation, the replicative ability of a phenotype and its overall fitness (in competition experiments with alternative phenotypes) can be estimated. Two primary questions arise: how do phenotype size, reproductive capability and topology of the genotype network affect the fitness of a phenotype? And, assuming that evolution is only able to access large phenotypes, what is the range of unattainable fitness values? In order to address these questions, we quantify the adaptive advantage of phenotypes of varying size and spectral radius in a two-peak landscape. We derive analytical relationships between the three variables (size, topology, and replicative ability) which are then tested through analysis of genotype-phenotype maps and simulations of population dynamics on such maps. Finally, we analytically show that the fraction of attainable phenotypes decreases with the length of the genotype, though its absolute number increases. The fact that most phenotypes are not visible to evolution very likely forbids the attainment of the highest peak in the landscape. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the relative fitness loss due to this limited accessibility is largely inconsequential for adaptation.
More than a spiny morphology: plastome variation in the prickly pear cacti (Opuntieae)
Authors: Köhler Matias , Reginato Marcelo , Jin Jian-Jun , Majure Lucas C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Plastid genomes (plastomes) have long been recognized as highly conserved in their overall structure, size, gene arrangement and content among land plants. However, recent studies have shown that some lineages present unusual variations in some of these features. Members of the cactus family are one of these lineages, with distinct plastome structures reported across disparate lineages, including gene losses, inversions, boundary movements or loss of the canonical inverted repeat (IR) region. However, only a small fraction of cactus diversity has been analysed so far.

Methods
Here, we investigated plastome features of the tribe Opuntieae, the remarkable prickly pear cacti, which represent one of the most diverse and important lineages of Cactaceae. We assembled de novo the plastome of 43 species, representing a comprehensive sampling of the tribe, including all seven genera, and analysed their evolution in a phylogenetic comparative framework. Phylogenomic analyses with different datasets (full plastome sequences and genes only) were performed, followed by congruence analyses to assess signals underlying contentious nodes.

Key Results
Plastomes varied considerably in length, from 121 to 162 kbp, with striking differences in the content and size of the IR region (contraction and expansion events), including a lack of the canonical IR in some lineages and the pseudogenization or loss of some genes. Overall, nine different types of plastomes were reported, deviating in the presence of the IR region or the genes contained in the IR. Overall, plastome sequences resolved phylogenetic relationships within major clades of Opuntieae with high bootstrap values but presented some contentious nodes depending on the dataset analysed (e.g. whole plastome vs. genes only). Congruence analyses revealed that most plastidial regions lack phylogenetic resolution, while few markers are supporting the most likely topology. Likewise, alternative topologies are driven by a handful of plastome markers, suggesting recalcitrant nodes in the phylogeny.

Conclusions
Our study reveals a dynamic nature of plastome evolution across closely related lineages, shedding light on peculiar features of plastomes. Variation of plastome types across Opuntieae is remarkable in size, structure and content and can be important for the recognition of species in some major clades. Unravelling connections between the causes of plastome variation and the consequences for species biology, physiology, ecology, diversification and adaptation is a promising and ambitious endeavour in cactus research. Although plastome data resolved major phylogenetic relationships, the generation of nuclear genomic data is necessary to confront these hypotheses and assess the recalcitrant nodes further.
Zero-shot-capable identification of phage–host relationships with whole-genome sequence representation by contrastive learning
Authors: Zhang Yao-zhong , Liu Yunjie , Bai Zeheng , Fujimoto Kosuke , Uematsu Satoshi , Imoto Seiya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Accurately identifying phage–host relationships from their genome sequences is still challenging, especially for those phages and hosts with less homologous sequences. In this work, focusing on identifying the phage–host relationships at the species and genus level, we propose a contrastive learning based approach to learn whole-genome sequence embeddings that can take account of phage–host interactions (PHIs). Contrastive learning is used to make phages infecting the same hosts close to each other in the new representation space. Specifically, we rephrase whole-genome sequences with frequency chaos game representation (FCGR) and learn latent embeddings that ‘encapsulate’ phages and host relationships through contrastive learning. The contrastive learning method works well on the imbalanced dataset. Based on the learned embeddings, a proposed pipeline named CL4PHI can predict known hosts and unseen hosts in training. We compare our method with two recently proposed state-of-the-art learning-based methods on their benchmark datasets. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method using contrastive learning improves the prediction accuracy on known hosts and demonstrates a zero-shot prediction capability on unseen hosts.
In terms of potential applications, the rapid pace of genome sequencing across different species has resulted in a vast amount of whole-genome sequencing data that require efficient computational methods for identifying phage–host interactions. The proposed approach is expected to address this need by efficiently processing whole-genome sequences of phages and prokaryotic hosts and capturing features related to phage–host relationships for genome sequence representation. This approach can be used to accelerate the discovery of phage–host interactions and aid in the development of phage-based therapies for infectious diseases.
Citizen scientists can help advance the science and management of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams
Authors: Truchy Amélie , Csabai Zoltán , Mimeau Louise , Künne Annika , Pernecker Bálint , Bertin Willy , Pellizzaro Florent , Datry Thibault 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntermittent rivers and ephemeral streams are the world's dominant type of river ecosystem and are becoming more common because of global change. However, the inclusion of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams in water policies and management plans remains largely limited because monitoring schemes and tools are designed for perennial rivers. In the present article, we discuss how smartphone applications used by citizen scientists can quantify the extent and occurrence of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams. We also introduce a new app, DRYRivERS, specifically designed to monitor intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams. After a year of use, we counted more than 3600 observations from more than 1900 river reaches across 19 countries and four continents. Through three case studies, we then show that citizen science can improve our knowledge of the prevalence of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams in the landscape, enhance hydrological modeling and calibration, and guide managers in setting water abstraction restrictions. Together, our approach demonstrates how citizen science can be incorporated into environmental monitoring to better inform river management and policy.
Etiology, morphology, and outcomes of adrenal calcifications in 540 adult patients—a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Kittithaworn Annop , Dogra Prerna , Rahimi Leili , Sandooja Rashi , Bancos Irina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sparse data are available on the etiology, morphology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of adrenal calcification. In this single-center retrospective study of 540 consecutive patients (median age 65 years, 45% women) with adrenal calcification on computed tomography (December 2017 to January 2021), most were discovered incidentally (472, 87%). The commonest etiology was idiopathic (389, 72%), followed by the adrenal tumor (113, 21%), hemorrhage (29, 5%), and infiltrative disease (7, 1%). Calcified adrenal tumors were predominantly benign (92, 81%) and primarily adenomas (63, 69%), whereas the most common calcified adrenal malignancy (16, 18%) was metastasis (12, 67%). Calcification (unilateral 94%, bilateral 6%) morphology varied from punctate (313, 58%) to coarse (165, 30%), linear/curvilinear (46, 9%), and rim-like (16, 3%). In summary, adrenal calcifications are usually incidentally discovered unilateral, punctate, or coarse lesions of unclear etiology. Most calcified adrenal tumors are benign and &lt;20% malignant or pheochromocytomas.
Assessing the influence of preconception diet on female fertility: a systematic scoping review of observational studies
Authors: Alesi Simon , Habibi Nahal , Silva Thais Rasia , Cheung Nicole , Torkel Sophia , Tay Chau Thien , Quinteros Alejandra , Winter Hugo , Teede Helena , Mousa Aya , Grieger Jessica A , Moran Lisa J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Preconception diet is a proposed modifiable risk factor for infertility. However, there is no official guidance for women in the preconception period as to which dietary approaches may improve fertility.

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
A comprehensive synthesis of the relevant evidence is key to determine the potentially effective dietary patterns and components as well as evidence gaps, and to provide information for nutritional recommendations for couples planning a pregnancy.

SEARCH METHODS
In this systematic scoping review, four electronic databases (Medline and EMBASE via Ovid processing, CAB Direct, and CINAHL via EBSCO) were searched for observational studies (prospective and retrospective cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies) from inception to 27 September 2021. Eligible studies included women of reproductive age during the preconception period, and evaluated exposures related to preconception diet and outcomes related to fertility. Results were synthesized using a descriptive approach.

OUTCOMES
A total of 36 studies were eligible for inclusion (31 prospective, 3 cross-sectional, and 2 case–control studies) and were published between 2007 and 2022. Of the assessed dietary exposures, increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet displayed the strongest and most consistent association with improved clinical pregnancy rates. Reducing trans fatty acids (TFAs), saturated fatty acids, and discretionary food intake (fast food and sugar-sweetened beverages) were associated with improvements in live birth, clinical pregnancy rates, and related ART outcomes. The dietary components of seafood, dairy, and soy demonstrated inconsistent findings across the few included studies.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Due to heterogeneity and the limited available literature on most exposures, there is insufficient evidence to support any specific dietary approach for improving fertility. However, following some of the dietary approaches outlined in this review (anti-inflammatory diets, reducing TFA, and discretionary food intake) are consistent with broad healthy eating guidelines, have little to no associated risk, and offer a plausible set of possible benefits. This warrants further exploration in randomized controlled trials.
A remark on the characteristic elements of anticyclotomic Selmer groups of elliptic curves with complex multiplication at supersingular primes
Authors: Lei Antonio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Let $p\ge5$ be a prime number. Let $E/\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication by an imaginary quadratic field K such that p is inert in K and that E has good reduction at p. Let $K_\infty$ be the anticyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of K. Agboola–Howard defined Kobayashi-type signed Selmer groups of E over $K_\infty$ and showed that exactly one of them is cotorsion over the corresponding Iwasawa algebra. In this short note, we discuss a link between the characteristic ideals of the cotorsion signed Selmer group and the fine Selmer group building on a recent breakthrough of Burungale–Kobayashi–Ota on the structure of local points.