bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of silicone double-lumen tube and polyvinyl chloride single-lumen tube in fiberoptic tracheal intubation on a difficult airway model: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Kang Seyoon , Chae Yun Jeong , Kim Dae Hee , Bae Se Young , Yoo Ji Young 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe management of patients with history or suspicion of difficult intubation can be challenging, especially in surgical procedures requiring one-lung ventilation. The ease of insertion of silicone double lumen tube (DLT) have previously been shown to be comparable to polyvinyl single lumen tube (SLT) in fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) tracheal intubation. Hence, in difficult airway situation, we hypothesized that the performance of insertion of silicone DLT would also be non-inferior to polyvinyl SLT in FOB intubation. We used a neck collar to mimic patients with difficult airway. 80 patients who required one-lung ventilation were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, non-inferiority trial. Patients were randomly allocated to the DLT or SLT groups (SLT with bronchial blocker). Neck collar was supplied to all patients before FOB intubation. The time of insertion for FOB, railroading, tracheal intubation, and total procedure were measured. The difficulty of railroading was evaluated in 4 grades. In the DLT group, the railroading was significantly shorter and easier comparing to the SLT group. The total procedure was also simpler and faster in the DLT group. While simulated difficult airways may not fully replicate actual difficult airways, we suggest that fiberoptic intubation with silicone DLT could be a feasible first-line option for patients with expected difficult airways requiring lung separation, unless the size of the DLT relative to the patient’s airway is problematic.Trial registration: NCT03392766.
Investigation of resonance-stabilized radicals associated with soot particle inception using advanced electron paramagnetic resonance techniques
Authors: Elias Jessy , Faccinetto Alessandro , Vezin Hervé , Mercier Xavier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn order to tackle the climate emergency, it is imperative to advance cleaner technologies to reduce pollutant emission as soot particles. However, there is still a lack of complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their formation. In this work, we performed an investigation devoted to the study of persistent radicals potentially involved in the formation of soot particles, by continuous wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance. This work provides experimental evidence of the presence in nascent soot of highly branched, resonance-stabilized aromatic radicals bearing aliphatic groups, linked together by short carbon chains, and reinforced by non-covalent π-π interactions. These radicals appear to be highly specific of nascent soot and quickly disappear with the increasing soot maturity. Their presence in nascent soot could represent an underestimated health risk factor in addition to the already well documented effect of the high specific surface and the presence of harmful adsorbates.
Satellite-observed strong subtropical ocean warming as an early signature of global warming
Authors: Yang Hu , Lohmann Gerrit , Stepanek Christian , Wang Qiang , Huang Rui Xin , Shi Xiaoxu , Liu Jiping , Chen Dake , Wang Xulong , Zhong Yi , Yang Qinghua , Bao Ying , Müller Juliane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSatellite observations covering the last four decades reveal an ocean warming pattern resembling the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. This pattern has therefore been widely interpreted as a manifestation of natural climate variability. Here, we re-examine the observed warming pattern and find that the predominant warming over the subtropical oceans, while mild warming or even cooling over the subpolar ocean, is dynamically consistent with the convergence and divergence of surface water. By comparison of observations, paleo-reconstructions, and model simulations, we propose that the observed warming pattern is likely a short-term transient response to the increased CO2 forcing, which only emerges during the early stage of anthropogenic warming. On centennial to millennial timescales, the subpolar ocean warming is expected to exceed the temporally dominant warming of the subtropical ocean. This delayed but amplified subpolar ocean warming has the potential to reshape the ocean-atmosphere circulation and threaten the stability of marine-terminating ice sheets.
A longitudinal study of the association between attending cultural events and coronary heart disease
Authors: Johansson Sven-Erik , Jansåker Filip , Sundquist Kristina , Bygren Lars Olov 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe experiences of art and music are an essential part of human life and this study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between cultural participation and coronary heart disease.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study on a randomly selected representative adult cohort (n = 3296) of the Swedish population. The study period was over 36 years (1982–2017) with three separate eight-year interval measurements of cultural exposure (for example, visiting theatres and museums) starting in 1982/83. The outcome was coronary heart disease during the study period. Marginal structural Cox models with inverse probability weighting were used to account for time-varying weights of the exposure and potential confounders during the follow-up. The associations were also examined through a time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsCultural participation shows a graded association, the higher the exposure the lower the risk of coronary heart disease; the hazard ratio was 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.86) for coronary heart disease in participants with the highest level of cultural exposure compared with the lowest level.ConclusionAlthough causality cannot be determined due to the remaining risk of residual confounding and bias, the use of marginal structural Cox models with inverse probability weighting strengthens the evidence for a potentially causal association with cardiovascular health, which warrants further studies.
Pd-catalyzed imine-directed one-pot access to polysubstituted pyrrolesviatandem triple isocyanide insertion/aza-Nazarov cyclization reactions
Authors: Li Jun , Zhao Zhi-Wen , Zheng Shuang , He Ping , Qiu Ji-Ying , Zhou Quan-Quan , Ren Zhi-Lin 
Published: May 2023

A novel one-pot method for synthesizing polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives via three-component reactions of alkenyl bromides, amines, and isocyanides is reported by Pd catalysis, without additional ligands, with the orderly insertion of three isocyanide molecules.
Electrochemical four-component aminochlorination tuned by benzimidazoles
Authors: Zhan Xuan , Gao Guiqi , Liang Yating , Li Fengyi , Liu Ke , Fan Weigang , Zhang Sheng , Li Man-Bo 
Published: May 2023

We herein reported an electrochemical four-component aminochlorination, in which benzimidazole was demonstrated to be a reactivity modulator for chlorine radicals by in situ forming various N-chlorobenzimidazole species.
Catechol exerts anin situsurface oxygen vacancy effect on BiOI: an innovative signal transduction mode for cathodic photoelectrochemistry
Authors: Wang Hong , Gu Mengmeng , Yan Menghua , Wu Xiuming , Dong Yuming , Wang Guang-Li 
Published: May 2023

The study constructs a unique PEC bioassay by the generation of surface oxygen vacancyvia in situ surface reaction, which might create fresh vistas for the construction of competitive photoelectric/PEC applications involved with surface vacancies.
Implications of time-dependent molecular chemistry in metal-poor dwarf stars
Authors: Deshmukh S. A. , Ludwig H.-G. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Binary molecules such as CO, OH, CH, CN, and C2 are often used as abundance indicators in stars. These species are usually assumed to be formed in chemical equilibrium. The time-dependent effects of hydrodynamics can affect the formation and dissociation of these species and may lead to deviations from chemical equilibrium.
Aims. We aim to model departures from chemical equilibrium in dwarf stellar atmospheres by considering time-dependent chemical kinetics alongside hydrodynamics and radiation transfer. We examine the effects of a decreasing metallicity and an altered C/O ratio on the chemistry when compared to the equilibrium state.
Methods. We used the radiation-(magneto)hydrodynamics code CO5BOLD and its own chemical solver to solve for the chemistry of 14 species and 76 reactions. The species were treated as passive tracers and were advected by the velocity field. The steady-state chemistry was also computed to isolate the effects of hydrodynamics.
Results. In most of the photospheres in the models we present, the mean deviations are smaller than 0.2 dex, and they generally appear above log τ = −2. The deviations increase with height because the chemical timescales become longer with decreasing density and temperature. A reduced metallicity similarly results in longer chemical timescales and in a reduction in yield that is proportional to the drop in metallicity; a decrease by a factor 100 in metallicity loosely corresponds to an increase by factor 100 in chemical timescales. As both CH and OH are formed along reaction pathways to CO, the C/O ratio means that the more abundant element gives faster timescales to the constituent molecular species. Overall, the carbon enhancement phenomenon seen in very metal-poor stars is not a result of an improper treatment of molecular chemistry for stars up to a metallicity as low as [Fe/H] = −3.0.
Characterizing an odd [1, b]-factor on the distance signless Laplacian spectral radius
Authors: Zhou Sizhong , Liu Hongxia 
Published: May 2023

LetGbe a connected graph of even ordern. An odd [1, b]-factor ofGis a spanning subgraphFofGsuch thatdF(v) ∈ {1, 3, 5, ⋯,b} for anyv ∈ V(G), wherebis positive odd integer. The distance matrixƊ(G) ofGis a symmetric real matrix with (i, j)-entry being the distance between the verticesviandvj. The distance signless Laplacian matrixQ(G) ofGis defined byQ(G), whereTr(G) is the diagonal matrix of the vertex transmissions inG. The largest eigenvalueη1(G) ofQ(G) is called the distance signless Laplacian spectral radius ofG. In this paper, we verify sharp upper bounds on the distance signless Laplacian spectral radius to guarantee the existence of an odd [1, b]-factor in a graph; we provide some graphs to show that the bounds are optimal.
Ästhetische Ergebnisse nach Nasenspitzenrekonstruktionen mit
dem Frontonasallappen und anderen lokoregionären Lappen
Authors: Andresen Julian Ramin , Scheufler Oliver 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Ergebnisse der
Nasenspitzenrekonstruktion mit dem frontonasalen Lappen im Vergleich zu anderen
lokoregionären Lappen.
Material und Methoden Eingeschlossen wurden alle
Nasenspitzenrekonstruktionen mit lokoregionären Lappen, die
während eines Zeitraums von 10 Jahren durchgeführt wurden. Die
Defektgröße, Lappenart, Risikofaktoren, Komorbiditäten
sowie Komplikationen, Revisionen und Sekundäroperationen wurden
retrospektiv untersucht. Klinische Nachuntersuchungen erfolgten nach 12 Monaten.
Digitale Fotografien wurden präoperativ und zum Zeitpunkt der letzten
Nachuntersuchung in Standardprojektionen erstellt und die ästhetischen
Ergebnisse von drei unabhängigen Untersuchern beurteilt, wobei die
Nasenkontur, Symmetrie, Narbenbildung und Übereinstimmung der Hautfarbe
zwischen Lappenplastik und Nasenhaut auf einer 4-Punkte-Skala bewertet wurden.
Abschließend wurde die Patientenzufriedenheit erfragt.
Ergebnisse Bei 68 Frauen und 44 Männern mit einem mittleren Alter
von 71,4±10,2 Jahren wurden 112 Rekonstruktionen der Nasenspitze
durchgeführt. Unter Berücksichtigung der
Defektgröβe, individueller Faktoren und dem Patientenwunsch,
erfolgte die Rekonstruktion mit 58 frontonasalen Lappen, 23 Rintala-Lappen, 20
paramediane Stirnlappen und 11 Bilobed-Lappen. Das Durchschnittsalter und die
Komorbiditäten der Patienten waren zwischen den Lappenarten
vergleichbar, mit Ausnahme einer höheren Inzidenz der arteriellen
Hypertonie und einer niedrigeren Inzidenz des Diabetes mellitus bei Patienten,
die mit frontonasalen Lappen behandelt wurden. Die Defektgröße
war bei den Rekonstruktionen mit frontonasalen Lappen und Rintala-Lappen gleich,
bei den Bilobed-Lappen geringer und den Stirnlappen ausgedehnter. Die
Komplikationsrate wies zwischen den verschiedenen Lappentechniken keine
Unterschiede auf. Unter Berücksichtigung der geplanten Zweiteingriffe
(Lappenstieldurchtrennungen) bei den paramedianen Stirnlappen war die
Häufigkeit ungeplanter Korrekturen bei allen Lappentechniken
vergleichbar. Die ästhetischen Ergebnisse und die Patientenzufriedenheit
wurden mit allen Techniken in über 90% als sehr gut oder gut
bewertet.
Schlussfolgerungen Im Vergleich zum paramedianen Stirnlappen vermeidet der
frontonasale Lappen einen geplanten Zweiteingriff und größeren
Hebedefekt. Er erlaubt die Deckung zumindest gleich großer Defekte wie
der Rintala-Lappen und größerer Defekte als der
Bilobed-Lappen.
The Impact of Maternal Obesity on Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Whelan Anna R. , Esposito Matthew , Lord Megan G. 
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to characterize the relationship between maternal obesity, fetal abdominal size, and neonatal morbidity in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Study Design Pregnancies complicated by FGR, which resulted in delivery of a live, singleton, nonanomalous infant at a single center between 2002 and 2013 were identified in a large, National Institutes of Health–funded database of detailed pregnancy and delivery information extracted by trained research nurses. Pregnancies complicated by diabetes were excluded. Fetal biometry measurements from third trimester ultrasounds performed at the same institution were extracted from another institutional database. Pregnancies were divided into cohorts based on fetal abdominal circumference (AC) gestational age percentile (<10th centile, 10–29th centile, 30–49th centile, and ≥50th centile) at the ultrasound closes to the date of delivery. Obesity was defined by prepregnancy body mass index >30 kg/m2. The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal morbidity (CM) including 5-minute Apgar < 7, arterial cord pH <7.0, sepsis, respiratory support, chest compressions, phototherapy, exchange transfusion, hypoglycemia requiring treatment, or neonatal death. Outcomes were compared between women with versus without prepregnancy obesity overall and then stratified by AC cohort.
Results A total of 379 pregnancies met criteria; CM occurred in 136 (36%). Overall, there was no difference in CM between infants born to women with versus without obesity (risk ratio (RR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.79–1.56). When stratified according to AC at ultrasound closest to delivery, there was higher prevalence of CM occurring among women with prepregnancy obesity than those without prepregnancy obesity when the fetal AC was >50th or 30 to 49th centile However, these differences did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion Our study identified no significant difference in risk of CM among growth-restricted infants of obese versus nonobese mothers, including among infants with very small AC. More research is needed to further examine the potential relationships postulated here.
Key Points
Synthetic Studies toward the C1–C12 Fragment of Amphidinolide U
Authors: Ferrié Laurent , Ciss Ismaila , Seck Matar , Figadère Bruno 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmphidinolide U is a cytotoxic marine macrolide isolated from Amphidinium sp., sharing 75% of the amphidinolide C backbone. We report here a synthetic study of the C1–C12 fragment of amphidinolide U. The C6–C12 pattern was built using consecutive regioselective ring opening of epoxides, a directed reaction to control newly formed stereogenic centers. In parallel, the C1–C5 moiety was constructed by taking advantage of a symmetrical diol. Attempts to cross-couple the C1–C5 and C6–C12 fragments by using a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction led to poor conversion rates. The same transformation on a close substrate model used during past studies on the total synthesis of amphidinolides F and C2 was successful. These contrasting results could be explained by a presumed steric hindrance of the protecting group adjacent to the vinyl function involved in the cross-coupling reaction. Our investigations will stimulate the optimization of C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling reactions with bulky substrates, with the aim of achieving a total synthesis of amphidinolide U.
Highly accurate CCSD(T) homolytic Al–H bond dissociation enthalpies – chemical insights and performance of density functional theory
Authors: O’Reilly Robert J. , Karton Amir 
Published: May 2023

We obtain gas-phase homolytic Al–H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) at the CCSD(T)/CBS level for a set of neutral aluminium hydrides (which we refer to as the AlHBDE dataset). The Al–H BDEs in this dataset differ by as much as 79.2 kJ mol−1, with (H2B)2Al–H having the lowest BDE (288.1 kJ mol−1) and (H2N)2Al–H having the largest (367.3 kJ mol−1). These results show that substitution with at least one –AlH2 or –BH2 substituent exerts by far the greatest effect in modifying the Al–H BDEs compared with the BDE of monomeric H2Al–H (354.3 kJ mol−1). To facilitate quantum chemical investigations of large aluminium hydrides, for which the use of rigorous methods such as W2w may not be computationally feasible, we assess the performance of 53 density functional theory (DFT) functionals. We find that the performance of the DFT methods does not strictly improve along the rungs of Jacob’s Ladder. The best-performing methods from each rung of Jacob’s Ladder are (mean absolute deviations are given in parentheses): the GGA B97-D (6.9), the meta-GGA M06-L (2.3), the global hybrid-GGA SOGGA11-X (3.3), the range-separated hybrid-GGA CAM-B3LYP (2.1), the hybrid-meta-GGA ωB97M-V (2.5) and the double-hybrid methods mPW2-PLYP and B2GP-PLYP (4.1 kJ mol−1).
Role of excitation in the electron rotational asymmetry in circularly polarized laser fields
Authors: Wen Liang-Cai , Jing Wen-Quan , Sun Chang-Ping , Gao Xuan-Hong , Jiao Zhi-Hong , Wang Guo-Li , Chen Jian-Hong , Zhao Song-Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We comparatively study electron rotational asymmetries in photoionization of excited hydrogen atoms and photodetachment of the fluorine anions in single circularly polarized laser fields by numerically solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We first show that single-photon ionization (or detachment) is more favorable as the electron initially corotates with respect to the direction of the laser field. More interestingly, we systematically demonstrate that the electron rotational asymmetry of the excited hydrogen atom is completely contrary to that of the fluorine anion in the multiphoton ionization (or detachment) regime, which can be attributed to the role played by excited bound states by analyzing the total excitation probability in the excited hydrogen atom. Furthermore, we also confirm that the electron rotational asymmetry of

2

p

+

and

2

p

−

degenerate orbitals in the excited hydrogen atom changes when the ionization mechanism switches from three-photon to over-the-barrier.
Use of secondary air kerma from dose area product and fluoroscopy time for preventive effective dose estimation in interventional radiology procedures for staff
Authors: Indovina Luca , Moretti Roberto , Breschi Laura , Cusumano Davide , Meffe Guenda , Placidi Lorenzo , Nardini Matteo , Reale Roberta , Quici Arturo , Placidi Elisa , Stimato Gerardina , Capotosti Amedeo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: interventional radiology workers are potentially exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation, therefore preventive dose estimation is mandatory for the correct risk classification of staff. Effective dose (ED) is a radiation protection quantity strictly related to the secondary air kerma (K
S), using appropriate multiplicative conversion factors (ICRP 106). The aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of K
S estimated from physically measurable quantities such as dose-area product (DAP) or fluoroscopy time (FT). Methods: radiological units (n = 4) were characterized in terms of primary beam air kerma and DAP-meter response, consequently defining a DAP-meter correction factor (CF) for each unit. K
S, scattered from an anthropomorphic phantom and measured by a digital multimeter, was then compared with the value estimated from DAP and FT. Different combinations of tube voltages, field sizes, current and scattering angles were used to simulate the variation of working conditions. Further measurements were performed to estimate the couch transmission factor for different phantom placements on the operational couch, defining a CF as the mean transmission factor. Results: when no CFs were applied, the measured K
S showed a median percentage difference of between 33.8% and 115.7% with respect to K
S evaluated from DAP, and between −46.3% and 101.8% for K
S evaluated from FT. By contrast, when previously defined CFs were applied to the evaluated K
S, the median percentage difference between the measured K
S and the value evaluated from DAP ranged from between −7.94% and 15.0%, and between −66.2% and 17.2% for that evaluated from FT. Conclusion: when appropriate CF are applied, the preventive ED estimation from the median DAP value seems to be more conservative and easier to obtain with respect to the one obtained from the FT value. Further measurements should be performed with a personal dosimeter during routine activities to assess the proper K
S to ED conversion factor.
Hydrogen iodide (HI) neutral beam etching characteristics of InGaN and GaN for micro-LED fabrication
Authors: Ohori Daisuke , Ishihara Takahiro , Wang Xuelun , Endo Kazuhiko , Hsieh Tsau-Hua , Li Yiming , Natori Nobuhiro , Matsui Kazuma , Samukawa Seiji 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigated the etching characteristics of hydrogen iodide (HI) neutral beam etching (NBE) of GaN and InGaN and compared with Cl2 NBE. We showed the advantages of HI NBE versus Cl2 NBE, namely: higher InGaN etch rate, better surface smoothness, and significantly reduced etching residues. Moreover, HI NBE was suppressed of yellow luminescence compared with Cl2 plasma. InCl
x
is a product of Cl2 NBE. It does not evaporate and remains on the surface as a residue, resulting in a low InGaN etching rate. We found that HI NBE has a higher reactivity with In resulting in InGaN etch rates up to 6.3 nm min−1, and low activation energy for InGaN of approximately 0.015 eV, and a thinner reaction layer than Cl2 NBE due to high volatility of In-I compounds. HI NBE resulted in smoother etching surface with a root mean square average (rms) of 2.9 nm of HI NBE than Cl2 NBE (rms: 4.3 nm) with controlled etching residue. Moreover, the defect generation was suppressed in HI NBE compared to Cl2 plasma, as indicated by lower yellow luminescence intensity increase after etching. Therefore, HI NBE is potentially useful for high throughput fabrication of μLEDs.