bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese Investments in the Special Economic Zones in the Gulf Region: New Structural Economics Perspective
Authors: Zhou Luyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Gulf countries have shifted to a new development paradigm, pursuing economic diversification by constructing special economic zones (SEZs). By investing overseas, China has been involved in the development of SEZs in the Gulf region, especially since China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In this chapter, through the analytical framework of New Structural Economics (NSE), I examine three projects of Chinese investments in the SEZs in the Gulf region — China-Oman Industrial Park in Duqm, the petrochemical and chemical fibre integrated project in Saudi Arabia’s Jazan City for Primary and Downstream Industries, and China-UAE Industrial Capacity Cooperation Demonstration Zone. By analysing how the projects grow and how they affect the development of the investment recipient countries, I argue that the “hard” and “soft” infrastructure provided by the recipient countries and the comparative advantages of the recipient countries have motivated the projects to grow. The three projects demonstrate the potential to contribute to the development of infrastructure in the SEZs where the projects are located and have assisted the investment recipient countries in striving for economic diversification and sustainable development.
Political Power and Material Identity: Saudi Women in Real and Virtual Societies
Authors: Al Derham Reem Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReal “material” societies differ from one society to another; and therefore, the impact of the globalized virtual society on them varies according to whether they are conservative, and subject to political authority, or open and liberal. This chapter attempts to link the economic factor in Saudi society and its positive impact on the economic and social rights granted to Saudi women in the Saudi Vision 2030, as well as on the Saudi leadership’s decisions related to Saudi women. The analysis focuses on the reduction of restrictions on their material identity, the “Black Abaya”. It then examines how these decisions were reflected in changing the colour and shape of the Saudi Abaya in material society first, before changing appearances in virtual society, and not the other way around.
Technologies, Care and Repatriations: 1926–1966
Authors: McCulloch Jock , Miller Pavla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUntil 1950, there was no effective chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Treatment consisted of an enhanced diet, isolation, and skilled nursing—methods which were expensive and not greatly effective. The centrepiece of the mines’ management of tuberculosis was repatriation of sick miners, without notification of local authorities, isolation of those with infective disease, or education of those around them on how to avoid infection. This approach enhanced the mines’ profitability but confounded every principle of public health. In the 1950s, the development of mass miniature radiography and the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis radically changed the available technologies of care. In discussing international standards of compensation for occupational lung disease, ILO held that the worker’s history of dust exposure, a clinical examination and radiographic findings had to be considered. The Chamber of Mines used mass miniature radiography for a different purpose: those with dusted lungs were identified at entry medicals and then repatriated without compensation. Where chemotherapy was provided to sick miners, the treatment rarely lasted more than a month; as a result, most patients developed drug resistant tuberculosis. Today, South Africa and its labour-sending regions have one of the world’s highest rates of multi-drug-resistant TB.
Mapping and Resolving a Health Crisis: 1902–1929
Authors: McCulloch Jock , Miller Pavla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe history of gold mining in South Africa was marked by several profound crises. This chapter traces the emergence and resolution of the first one. Following official recognition of the disproportionate mortality of miners from North of latitude 22 South, in 1913 the South African government banned further recruitment of ‘Tropical’ labour. Several commissions of enquiry, a series of pioneering Mines and Miners’ Phthisis Acts, the creation of a state supported research community, the commissioning of vaccine for pneumonia and the establishment of a system of compulsory medical examinations helped resolve the crisis politically. Living and working conditions on the mines improved, and deaths from pneumonia were reduced. However, the risk of silicosis and TB infection remained, and repatriations of sick and dying men continued. The first health crisis became a model for how the mining houses would respond to occupational disease. The industry captured the science, framed the legislation and externalised the principal costs of occupational disease onto labour-sending communities.
The Rapidly Changing Teaching and Research Landscape: The Future of SoTL and the Teaching-Research Nexus
Authors: Waller Karena L. , Prosser Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) as a scholarly field of study has been rapidly developing since Ernest Boyer published Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate in 1990. In that Boyer drew the distinction between four scholarships—Discovery, Integration, Application, and Teaching & Learning (Boyer in Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1990). In this chapter, we aim to introduce readers to SoTL by:

briefly reviewing these four scholarships;

illustrating how SoTL may be differentiated from the other forms of scholarship, and its relationship with the teaching-research nexus;

commenting on the sorts of inquiry problems, questions and issues common to SoTL; and finally,

commenting on the range of methodologies adopted in such inquiries.

Fundamental to the discussion will be the idea that SoTL is a research informed, evidence based, critical yet collegial reflection on teaching and learning practice with the aim of improving practice within the aligned disciplines and professions. Most often SoTL-based research projects are conducted by discipline-based staff inquiring into and reflecting on their own practice to improve their teaching and students’ learning.Since Boyer’s publication, numerous scholarly societies, conferences, journals, and other forms of scholarly communication have evolved. A recent thematic review of the SoTL literature will be used as the basis for highlighting how the communication of SoTL inquiries, and their findings are being, and can be, fostered.
The Z7 model of three-component scalar dark matter
Authors: Bélanger Geneviève , Pukhov Alexander , Yaguna Carlos E. , Zapata Óscar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate, for the first time, a scenario where the dark matter consists of three complex scalar fields that are stabilized by a single Z7 symmetry. As an extension of the well-known scalar Higgs-portal, this Z7 model is also subject to important restrictions arising from the relic density constraint and from direct detection experiments. Our goal in this paper is to find and characterize the viable regions of this model, and to analyze its detection prospects in future experiments. First, the processes that affect the relic densities are identified (they include semiannihilations and conversions) and then incorporated into the Boltzmann equations for the dark matter abundances, which are numerically solved with micrOMEGAs. By means of random scans of the parameter space, the regions consistent with current data, including the recent direct detection limit from the LZ experiment, are selected. Our results reveal that the Z7 model is indeed viable over a wide range of dark matter masses and that both conversions and semiannihilations play an important role in determining the relic densities. Remarkably, we find that in many cases all three of the dark matter particles give rise to observable signals in future direct detection experiments, providing a suitable way to test this scenario.
Fingerprinting CP-violating New Physics with B → Kμ+μ−
Authors: Fleischer Robert , Malami Eleftheria , Rehult Anders , Vos K. Keri 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The B → Kℓ+ℓ− system is particularly interesting to explore physics beyond the Standard Model. Such effects could provide new sources of CP violation, thereby giving rise to Wilson coefficients which could not only be real, as assumed in most analyses, but also be complex. We propose a new strategy to extract the complex C9μ, C10μ from the data, utilising the complementarity of direct CP violation in B+ → K+μ+μ− and mixing-induced CP violation arising — in addition to direct CP violation — in $$ {B}_d^0\to {K}_S{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-} $$

B
d
0

→

K
S

μ
+

μ
−

, as well as the differential rate in appropriate q2 bins. The long-distance effects, which play a key role to generate the direct CP asymmetries, cannot be reliably calculated due to their non-perturbative nature. In order to describe them, we apply a model by the LHCb Collaboration employing experimental data. Assuming specific scenarios, we demonstrate the fingerprinting of CP-violating New Physics and the distinction between ambiguities in the model of the long-distance contributions. Finally, New Physics could couple differently to muons and electrons, as probed through the lepton flavour universality ratio RK. We discuss these effects in the presence of CP violation and present a new way to measure the direct CP asymmetries of the B → Ke+e− channels.
Non-linear stability of α′-corrected Friedmann equations
Authors: Bernardo Heliudson , Chojnacki Jan , Comeau Vincent 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the non-linear stability of fixed-point solutions to the α′-exact equations from O(d, d) invariant cosmology, with and without matter perturbations. Previous non-linear analysis in the literature is revisited, and its compatibility with known linear perturbation results is shown. Some formal aspects of cosmological perturbations in duality invariant cosmology are discussed, and we show the existence of time-reparameterization invariant variables for perturbations.
Charged dilatonic spacetimes in string theory
Authors: Porfyriadis Achilleas P. , Remmen Grant N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We construct and study general static, spherically symmetric, magnetically charged solutions in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity in four dimensions. That is, taking Einstein gravity coupled to a U(1) gauge field and a massless dilaton — e.g., the action in the low-energy limit of string theory or Kaluza-Klein reduction — with arbitrary dilaton coupling, we build a three-parameter family of objects characterized by their mass, charge, and dilaton flux, generalizing the well known Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black hole. We analyze the near-extremal and near-horizon behavior in detail, finding new warped geometries. In a particular limit, where the geometry reduces to the recently discovered customizable AdS2 × S2 of Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity, we compute the static s-wave linearized solutions and characterize the anabasis relating the horizon perturbations to their nonlinear completions within our generalized family of spacetimes.
Taming the 11D pure spinor b-ghost
Authors: Guillen Max 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We provide an alternative compact expression for the 11D pure spinor b-ghost by introducing a new set of negative ghost number operators made out of non-minimal pure spinor variables. Using the algebraic properties satisfied by these operators, it will be straightforwardly shown that $$ \left\{Q,b\right\}=\frac{P^2}{2} $$

Q
b

=

P
2

2

, as well as {b, b} = QΩ. As an application of this novel formulation, the ghost number two vertex operator will easily be obtained in a completely covariant manner from a standard descent relation, the ghost number three vertex operator will be shown to satisfy the generalized Siegel gauge condition, and the 11D supergravity two-particle superfield will be constructed in a quite simple way.
Type IIB parabolic (p, q)-strings from M2-branes with fluxes
Authors: García del Moral M. P. , las Heras C. , Restuccia A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We extend the work of Schwarz [1] to show that bound states of type IIB supersymmetric (p, q)-strings on a circle are associated with M2-branes irreducibly wrapped on T2, or equivalently with nontrivial worldvolume fluxes. Beyond this extension we consider the Hamiltonian of an M2-brane with C± fluxes formulated on a symplectic torus bundle with monodromy. In particular, we analyze the relevant case when the monodromy is parabolic. We show that the Hamiltonian is defined in terms of the coinvariant module. We also find that the mass operator is invariant under transformations between inequivalent coinvariants. These coinvariants classify the inequivalent classes of twisted torus bundles with nontrivial monodromy for a given flux. We obtain their associated (p, q)-strings via double dimensional reduction, which are invariant under a parabolic subgroup of SL(2, ℚ). This is the origin of the gauge symmetry of the associated gauged supergravity. These bound states could also be related to the parabolic Scherk-Schwarz reductions of type IIB string theory.
Integrable crosscaps in classical sigma models
Authors: Gombor Tamas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the integrable boundaries and crosscaps of classical sigma models. We show that there exists a classical analog of the integrability condition and KT-relation of the boundary and crosscap states of quantum spin chains. We also classify the integrable crosscaps for various sigma models including examples which are relevant in the AdS/CFT correspondence at strong coupling.
Testing non-standard neutrino interactions in (anti)-electron neutrino disappearance experiments
Authors: Chaves M. E. , de Holanda P. C. , Peres O. L. G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We search for scalar and tensor non-standard interactions using (anti)-electron neutrino disappearance in oscillation data. We found a slight preference for non-zero CP violation, coming from both tensor and scalar interactions. The preference for CP violation is led by Daya Bay low-energy data with a significance that reaches ~ 1.7σ in the global analysis (and ~ 2.1σ when considering only medium baseline reactors data) compared to the standard neutrino oscillation scenario. In some cases, our results indicate that the atmospheric mass squared difference falls outside the range allowed by accelerator long baseline experiments. This suggests the need for further investigation in future work.
Dimensional Reduction of Cobordism and K-theory
Authors: Blumenhagen Ralph , Cribiori Niccolò , Kneißl Christian , Makridou Andriana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It has been proposed that cobordism and K-theory groups, which can be mathematically related in certain cases, are physically associated to generalised higher-form symmetries. As a consequence, they should be broken or gauged in any consistent theory of quantum gravity, in accordance with swampland conjectures. We provide further support to this idea by showing that cobordism and K-theory groups of a general manifold X reproduce the pattern of symmetries expected from the dimensional reduction of the theory on X, as well as their breaking and gauging. To this end, we employ the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence to compute such groups for common choices of X in string compactifications.
Four-loop large-nf contributions to the non-singlet structure functions F2 and FL
Authors: Basdew-Sharma A. , Pelloni A. , Herzog F. , Vogt A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have calculated the $$ {n}_f^2 $$

n
f
2

and $$ {n}_f^3 $$

n
f
3

contributions to the flavour non-singlet structure functions F2 and FL in inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at the fourth order in the strong coupling αs. The coefficient functions have been obtained by computing a very large number of Mellin-N moments using the method of differential equations, and then determining the analytic forms in N and Bjorken-x from these. Our new $$ {n}_f^2 $$

n
f
2

terms are numerically much larger than the $$ {n}_f^3 $$

n
f
3

leading large-nf parts which were already known; they agree with predictions of the threshold and high-energy resummations. Furthermore our calculation confirms the earlier determination of the four-loop $$ {n}_f^2 $$

n
f
2

part of the corresponding anomalous dimension. Via the no-π2 theorem for Euclidean physical quantities, we predict the $$ {\zeta}_4{n}_f^3 $$

ζ
4

n
f
3

part of the fifth-order anomalous dimension for the evolution of non-singlet quark distributions.
Shannon information entropy, soliton clusters and Bose-Einstein condensation in log gravity
Authors: Mvondo-She Yannick 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We give a probabilistic interpretation of the configurational partition function of the logarithmic sector of critical cosmological topologically massive gravity, in which the Hurwitz numbers considered in our previous works assume the role of probabilities in a distribution on cycles of permutations. In particular, it is shown that the permutations are distributed according to the Ewens sampling formula which plays a major role in the theory of partition structures and their applications to diffusive processes of fragmentation, and in random trees. This new probabilistic result together with the previously established evidence of solitons in the theory provide new insights on the instability originally observed in the theory. We argue that the unstable propagation of a seed soliton at single particle level induces the generation of fragments of defect soliton clusters with rooted tree configuration at multiparticle level, providing a disordered landscape. The Shannon information entropy of the probability distribution is then introduced as a measure of the evolution of the unstable soliton clusters generated. Finally, based on Feynman’s path integral formalism on permutation symmetry in the λ-transition of liquid helium, we argue that the existence of permutation cycles in the configurational log partition function indicates the presence of Bose-Einstein condensates in log gravity.
Forward light-by-light scattering and electromagnetic correction to hadronic vacuum polarization
Authors: Biloshytskyi Volodymyr , Chao En-Hung , Gérardin Antoine , Green Jeremy R. , Hagelstein Franziska , Meyer Harvey B. , Parrino Julian , Pascalutsa Vladimir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lattice QCD calculations of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) have reached a precision where the electromagnetic (e.m.) correction can no longer be neglected. This correction is both computationally challenging and hard to validate, as it leads to ultraviolet (UV) divergences and to sizeable infrared (IR) effects associated with the massless photon. While we precisely determine the UV divergence using the operator-product expansion, we propose to introduce a separation scale Λ ~ 400 MeV into the internal photon propagator, whereby the calculation splits into a short-distance part, regulated in the UV by the lattice and in the IR by the scale Λ, and a UV-finite long-distance part to be treated with coordinate-space methods, thereby avoiding power-law finite-size effects altogether. In order to predict the long-distance part, we express the UV-regulated e.m. correction to the HVP via the forward hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering amplitude and relate the latter via a dispersive sum rule to γ∗γ∗ fusion cross-sections. Having tested the relation by reproducing the two-loop QED vacuum polarization (VP) from the tree-level γ∗γ∗→ e+e− cross-section, we predict the expected lattice-QCD integrand resulting from the γ∗γ∗→ π0 process.
Linear confinement in the partially-deconfined phase
Authors: Gautam Vaibhav , Hanada Masanori , Holden Jack , Rinaldi Enrico 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider the partially-deconfined saddle of large-N pure Yang-Mills theory lying between confined and deconfined phases, in which the color degrees of freedom split into confined and deconfined sectors. Based on the microscopic mechanism of deconfinement, we argue that a flux tube is formed in the confined sector and a linear confinement potential is generated. The string tension should not depend on the size of the confined sector. We provide evidence for the case of the finite-temperature strong-coupling lattice gauge theory. In particular, we make analytic predictions assuming linear confinement in the confined sector, and then confirm these by numerical simulations. We discuss some implications of the conjecture to QCD and holography.
Weiterbildung Urologie in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (DACH-Raum) unter der Lupe
Authors: Pohlmann Philippe-Fabian 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Facharzttitel werden im DACH-Raum (Deutschland, Österreich und Schweiz) gegenseitig anerkannt. Während der Weiterbildung bestehen jedoch deutliche Unterschiede in Struktur, Organisation und Inhalt.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Die Organisation, Formalitäten und Zuständigkeiten sowie Zulassungsbedingungen für die abschließende Prüfungen, insbesondere der Prüfungsformate in den DACH-Ländern, sollen untersucht werden. Zudem sollen diese kritisch aus dem Blickwinkel moderner medizinischer Ausbildung beleuchtet werden.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden öffentlich im Internet zugänglichen Dokumente der zuständigen Autoritäten für die Ärztliche Weiterbildung im DACH-Raum analysiert. Außerdem erfolgte eine narrative Durchsicht der Literatur in medizinischen Datenbanken zum Thema Ärztliche Weiterbildung in der Urologie.

Ergebnisse
Die Mindestweiterbildungsdauer beträgt 5 (D) bis 6 Jahre (A, CH). Eine (chirurgische) Basisausbildung ist in Österreich und der Schweiz obligat. In der Schweiz muss die Ausbildungsstätte mindestens einmalig gewechselt werden. Eine Weiterbildung in Teilzeit ist in allen Staaten möglich. Forschung und Teilnahme an Jahreskongressen sind nur in der Schweiz verpflichtend. Nur in der Schweiz sind formative Prüfungen vorgesehen. In allen Ländern ist mindestens eine summative Prüfung zur Erlangung des Facharzttitels notwendig. In Österreich und der Schweiz muss der schriftliche Teil der EBU-Prüfung (European Board of Urology) bestanden werden.

Diskussion
Die Schweiz bietet und fordert aus medizindidaktischer Sicht aktuell die meisten modernen Elemente in der Weiterbildung. Die zertifizierte strukturierte Weiterbildung nach Vorbild der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie (DGU; Weiterbildungscurriculum Urologie, WECU) integriert moderne Ansätze in Deutschland. Mit der zeitnahen Anwendung von z. B. EPA („entrustable professional activities“) könnte die deutschsprachige Urologie international zu den Vorreiternationen und -fachdisziplinen gehören.