bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel histotypes of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease linked to 129MV genotype
Authors: Cracco Laura , Puoti Gianfranco , Cornacchia Antonio , Glisic Katie , Lee Seong‑Ki , Wang Zerui , Cohen Mark L. , Appleby Brian S. , Cali Ignazio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe MV1 and MV2 subtypes of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) are linked to the heterozygous methionine (M)/valine (V) polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein (PrP) gene. MV2 is phenotypically heterogeneous, whereas MV1, due to its low prevalence, is one of the least well characterized subtypes. In this study, we investigated the biochemical properties of PrPSc and phenotypic expression of cases diagnosed as sCJD MV1 and MV2. We describe four MV2 histotypes: 2C, with cortical (C) coarse pathology; 2K, with kuru (K) plaque deposits; 2C-K, with co-existing C and K histotypic features; and the novel histotype 2C-PL that mimics 2C in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, but exhibits plaque-like (PL) PrP deposits in subcortical regions (e.g., basal nuclei, thalamus and midbrain). Histotype prevalence is highest for 2C-K (55%), intermediate for 2C (31%), and lowest for 2C-PL and 2K (7%). Nearly every MV2 case expressed both PrPSc types, with T2 being the predominant type (“MV2-1”). MV1 cases typically show a rapid disease course (≤ 4 months), and feature the 1C histotype, phenotypically identical to sCJDMM1. Co-existing PrPSc types, with T1 significantly exceeding T2 (“MV1-2”), are detected in patients diagnosed as MV1 with longer disease courses. We observed four histotypes among MV1-2 cases, including two novel histotypes: 1V, reminiscent of sCJDVV1; 1C-2C, resembling sCJDMM1-2 with predominant MM1 histotypic component; and novel histotypes 1C-2PL and 1C-2K, overall mimicking 1C in the cerebral cortex, but harboring T2 and plaque-like PrP deposits in subcortical regions (1C-2PL), and T2 and kuru plaques in the cerebellum (1C-2K). Lesion profiles of 1C, 1V, and 1C-2C are similar, but differ from 1C-2PL and 1C-2K, as the latter two groups show prominent hippocampal and nigral degeneration. We believe that the novel “C-PL” histotypes are distinct entities rather than intermediate forms between “C” and “C-K” groups, and that 1C-2PL and 1C-2K histotypes may be characterized by different T1 variants of the same size.
Big data decision tree for continuous-valued attributes based on unbalanced cut points
Authors: Ma Shixiang , Zhai Junhai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe decision tree is a widely used decision support model, which can quickly mine effective decision rules based on the dataset. The decision tree induction algorithm for continuous-valued attributes, based on unbalanced cut points, is efficient for mining decision rules; however, extending it to big data remains an unresolved. In this paper, two solutions are proposed to solve this problem: the first one is based on partitioning instance subsets, whereas the second one uses partitioning attribute subsets. The crucial of these two solutions is how to find the global optimal cut point from the set of local optimal cut points. For the first solution, the calculation of the Gini index of the cut points between computing nodes and the selection of the global optimal cut point by communication between these computing nodes is proposed. However, in the second solution, the division of the big data into subsets using attribute subsets in a way that all cut points of an attribute are on the same map node is proposed, the local optimal cut points can be found in this map node, then the global optimal cut point can be obtained by summarizing all local optimal cut points in the reduce node. Finally, the proposed solutions are implemented with two big data platforms, Hadoop and Spark, and compared with three related algorithms on four datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can not only effectively solve the scalability problem, but also have lowest running time, the fastest speed and the highest efficiency under the premise of preserving the classification performance.
Early-stage sigmoid colon cancer resection followed by liver metastasis recurrence 1 year later and mesenteric recurrence more than 5 years later: a case report
Authors: Mikuni Yumeto , Tani Michio , Ichikawa Nobuki , Matsui Hiroki , Emoto Shin , Yoshida Tadashi , Otsuka Takuya , Homma Shigenori , Norihiko Takahashi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) is often treated endoscopically, but additional surgical resection may be considered depending on pathological findings.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old man was found to have early-stage sigmoid colon cancer by colonoscopy during a medical examination, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed. The lesion was a 7-mm-sized sessile polyp, and the pathological diagnosis was well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, pT1 (submucosal invasion of 400 μm), with no lymphovascular invasion, low budding grade, and negative horizontal and vertical margins. Therefore, the patient was observed without postoperative treatment. One year later, a computed tomography (CT) scan showed multiple liver metastases. After five courses of preoperative chemotherapy with folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and panitumumab, liver metastases were reduced. The patient underwent extended right hepatic lobectomy. The pathological finding was well-to-moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with liver metastases from sigmoid colon cancer. Postoperatively, the patient received five courses adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX. Although the patient had been recurrence-free for 5 years after liver resection, a CT scan revealed a nodular lesion in the sigmoid mesentery. Positron emission tomography (PET) showed abnormal accumulation in the same lesion. Therefore, the mesenteric nodules diagnosed as lymph metastasis and recurrence of sigmoid colon cancer and performed laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection with lymph node dissection. The pathological findings showed that the recurrent lesion in the mesentery formed a nodular infiltrate with venous, lymphatic, and neural invasion, but lymph node structures were not found, and it was assumed to be metastasis or recurrence due to lymphovascular invasion. The pathologic specimen of the sigmoid colon had no neoplastic lesions, which are considered to be a local recurrence on the mucosal surface. After sigmoid colectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy with CapeOX was conducted, and the patient has been recurrence-free for 13 months at present.

Conclusion
Even early-stage CRCs that have no pathological indications for additional resection have risks of metastases and recurrences, and we may need to consider that the criteria for additional resection should not be limited to pathological findings alone.
Commissioning and optimal load dispatch for supplying base and peak loads from Satellite Solar Power Station (SSPS) Using Microwave Wireless Power Transfer (MWPT)
Authors: Rathod Prasad , Mahamud Abdullah Al , Talele Utkarsh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolar power on Earth is characterized by its intermittent nature, limiting its practical application to peak loads only. However, this limitation can be overcome by implementing a concept known as Satellite Solar Power Station (SSPS), which involves deploying solar panels in space. Nevertheless, this approach poses various challenges that need to be addressed. One of the primary obstacles lies in determining the feasibility of this plan. This research emphasizes the importance of exploring economically viable methods for establishing SSPS in space, utilizing a Reusable Launch Vehicle and Hohmann’s Transfer technique. To support these proposals, optimization techniques involving multi-stage impulsive maneuvers are employed. Moreover, a comprehensive load dispatch algorithm is mathematically derived and developed to adapt to the changing demands on Earth, achieving a balance between load requirements and antenna size. In addition, discussions are conducted regarding the potential implementation of frequency reconfigurable Microwave systems for future applications. The overall objective of this study revolves around the future deployment and efficient load dispatch from SSPS to meet the energy demands of base loads on Earth, thereby making solar power a viable option.
Students or internationals? Divergent patterns of governing international student mobility in Germany and the United Kingdom
Authors: Bitschnau Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article investigates how Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) have governed international student mobility (ISM) over the last two decades. While both are among the most popular destinations for international students and have experienced similar political trajectories during this period, they have pursued divergent education and immigration policies in regulating ISM. Driven by a mix of educational universalism and fear of future labor shortages, Germany offers financial benefits and generous right to stay opportunities. The UK, by contrast, combines high tuition fees with restrictive immigration policies, favoring students who will leave the country upon graduation. Drawing on a variety of parliamentary reports, policy documents, and interviews with politicians and civil servants, I argue that this divergence is rooted primarily in the different politicizability of ISM: international students are discursively treated as students (belonging to the non-politicized field of education) in Germany but as internationals (belonging to the hyperpoliticized field of immigration) in the UK.
Long-term functional and structural outcomes after large chorioretinectomy for ruptured globe following blunt trauma
Authors: Mura Marco , Iannetta Danilo , Pellegrini Marco , Engelbrecht Leonore A , Sarti Laura , Parmeggiani Francesco , Badawi Abdulrahman , Dhibi Hassan , Al Sulaiman Sulaiman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to present a modified surgical technique involving pars plana vitrectomy with large chorioretinectomy for eyes with rupture of the globe due to severe ocular blunt trauma.

Methods
This retrospective study included consecutive patients with rupture of the globe due to blunt trauma who were treated at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). All patients underwent 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with large chorioretinectomies involving all the tissue around the posterior scleral wounds. Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anatomical success and globe survival, rates of complications.

Results
15 eyes of 15 patients were included. Mean BCVA was 2.88 ± 0.13 logMAR at presentation, and significantly improved to 0.83 ± 0.28 logMAR (P < 0.001), with 10 patients (67%) achieving a final BCVA ≥ 20/200. Anatomical success and globe survival were achieved in 11 (73%) and 15 (100%) of eyes, respectively. Postoperative complications included retinal detachment in 6 eyes (40%), epiretinal membrane in 6 (40%), hypotony in 4 (26%), PVR in 2 (13%).

Conclusions
Pars plana vitrectomy with large chorioretinectomy is an effective treatment for globe rupture following severe blunt trauma, yielding good visual outcomes and anatomical success rates.
Establishing gaze markers of perceptual load during multi-target visual search
Authors: Harris Anthony M. , Eayrs Joshua O. , Lavie Nilli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHighly-automated technologies are increasingly incorporated into existing systems, for instance in advanced car models. Although highly automated modes permit non-driving activities (e.g. internet browsing), drivers are expected to reassume control upon a ‘take over’ signal from the automation. To assess a person’s readiness for takeover, non-invasive eye tracking can indicate their attentive state based on properties of their gaze. Perceptual load is a well-established determinant of attention and perception, however, the effects of perceptual load on a person’s ability to respond to a takeover signal and the related gaze indicators are not yet known. Here we examined how load-induced attentional state affects detection of a takeover-signal proxy, as well as the gaze properties that change with attentional state, in an ongoing task with no overt behaviour beyond eye movements (responding by lingering the gaze). Participants performed a multi-target visual search of either low perceptual load (shape targets) or high perceptual load (targets were two separate conjunctions of colour and shape), while also detecting occasional auditory tones (the proxy takeover signal). Across two experiments, we found that high perceptual load was associated with poorer search performance, slower detection of cross-modal stimuli, and longer fixation durations, while saccade amplitude did not consistently change with load. Using machine learning, we were able to predict the load condition from fixation duration alone. These results suggest monitoring fixation duration may be useful in the design of systems to track users’ attentional states and predict impaired user responses to stimuli outside of the focus of attention.
A rare case report of non-syndromic unilateral cerebellar dysplasia and hypoplasia: a diagnostic enigma
Authors: Babal Ruchika , Aggarwal Abhishek 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Cerebellar malformations are broadly categorized into hypoplasias and dysplasias, which are further divided based on focal or diffuse involvement. Both hypoplasias and dysplasias are usually associated with cerebral involvement or as a part of syndromes. Isolated unilateral cerebellar dysplasia is, however, extremely unusual.

Case presentation
We present a rare case of isolated unilateral cerebellar dysplasia, in a 25-year-old male patient, who came to the Neurology clinic with complaints of infrequent seizure episodes since childhood.

Conclusion
Notable isolated unilateral cerebellar dysplasia is a rare entity requiring symptomatic treatment, with an anomalous development process being the likely aetiology.
Role of personality, health beliefs and fear of COVID-19 in engagement of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors among Egyptians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fouad Eman , Bassiony Medhat , Atta Samar , Elrafey Dina , Said Mervat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Social distancing and hand hygiene were highly recommended by WHO as an effective preventive strategy for the COVID-19 pandemic. However, people differ in their adherence to safety recommendations and may respond in maladaptive ways but the origins of these differences are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between, personality traits, health beliefs, and adaptive or maladaptive behaviors.

Methods
The sample consisted of 1002 Egyptian adults who answered an online survey, which included: the health belief model, Big Five Personality Inventory, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale.

Results
The results showed that females and workers in the medical field were more adherent to adaptive behaviors, while highly educated, and young adults were more liable to maladaptive behaviors. Conscientiousness as a personality trait was directly proportionate with practicing of adaptive behaviors among Egyptians, while higher openness trait was a risk factor for practicing maladaptive behaviors. High perceived hand hygiene and social distance barriers were significant risk factors that decrease the practicing of adaptive behaviors. There was a significant positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and practicing adaptive behaviors.

Conclusions
Personality traits play an important role in adaptive or maladaptive behavior towards the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings might help in planning prevention programs in the future.
The impact of ontology-based knowledge management on improving tax accounting procedures and reducing tax risks
Authors: Elsayed Raghda Abdellatif Abdelkhalik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the impact of ontology-based knowledge management on improving tax accounting procedures and reducing tax risks, specifically focusing on the income tax system in a developing country. To achieve this objective, a mixed methodology approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. The data were gathered through document analysis, interviews, and questionnaires administered to stakeholders in the Egyptian Income Tax Authority. The findings of this study hold significance for both academic researchers and accounting practitioners. The results demonstrate numerous advantages associated with the utilization of ontology in tax management. It has the potential to reduce costs in tax advisory services, minimize errors in tax calculations, and enhance tax revenue generation by promoting transparency and accountability. The empirical analysis further confirms a positive correlation between ontology-based knowledge management and improved accountability procedures, as well as a positive correlation with the reduction of tax risks. These statistically significant relationships (r = 0.85, p < 0.01 and r = 0.79, p < 0.01, respectively) provide empirical evidence of the actual effects of implementing ontology-based knowledge management in improving tax accounting procedures and mitigating tax risks.
Uneven burden of cardiac amyloidosis in people of African descent — global imbalance in resources and access
Authors: Madu Ernest C. , Mezue Kenechukwu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (TTR-CA) is now increasingly becoming recognized as an important cause of heart failure, and some studies have shown that as much as a third of diastolic heart failure could be attributed to TTR-CA. Black populations are particularly at risk for TTR-CA as the most common form of the disease (hereditary TTR-CA) has a genetic basis and the gene responsible is most prevalent among people with West African ancestry. This perspective piece explores the challenges that individuals of African and Caribbean populations face when confronted with the burden of TTR-CA. Key issues include the absence of rigorous disease registries, deficits in human resources, a lack of infrastructure for testing and treatment, poor awareness and health literacy, financial limitations including an inadequate public health budget, and the absence of social safety nets. To address these challenges, proactive strategies are needed to build infrastructure and local capacity which will provide the framework for an effective response. Interventions should include healthcare financing mechanisms to protect and care for vulnerable and at-risk populations with a long-term strategy of increasing the financial remuneration for health workers in developing countries to prevent the brain drain. Additionally, pharmaceutical companies need to play an active role in promoting inclusive access and global health equity in the access to the new treatments for TTR-CA which predominantly affects Black populations. Collaborative ventures with international centers of excellence can help improve access in these communities, leveraging their expertise and resources.
The development and validation of the Discrimination and Stigma Scale Ultra Short for People Living with Dementia (DISCUS-Dementia)
Authors: Bhatt Jem , Brohan Elaine , Blasco Drew , Oliveira Déborah , Bakolis Ioannis , Comas-Herrera Adelina , D'Amico Francesco , Farina Nicolas , Knapp Martin , Stevens Madeleine , Thornicroft Graham , Wilson Emma , Salcher-Konrad Maximilian , Yang Lawrence H. , Evans-Lacko Sara 
Published: August 2023

Background
The recent World Health Organization (WHO) blueprint for dementia research and Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health has identified a gap around dementia-related measures of stigma and discrimination that can be used in different cultural, language and regional contexts.

Aims
We aimed to characterise experiences of discrimination, and report initial psychometric properties of a new tool to capture these experiences, among a global sample of people living with dementia.

Method
We analysed data from 704 people living with dementia who took part in a global survey from 33 different countries and territories. Psychometric properties were examined, including internal consistency and construct validity.

Results
A total of 83% of participants reported discrimination in one or more areas of life, and this was similar across WHO Regions. The exploratory factor analysis factor loadings and scree plot supported a unidimensional structure for the Discrimination and Stigma Scale Ultra Short for People Living with Dementia (DISCUS-Dementia). The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with most of the construct validity hypotheses being confirmed and qualitative responses demonstrating face validity.

Conclusions
Our analyses suggest that the DISCUS-Dementia performs well with a global sample of people living with dementia. This scale can be integrated into large-scale studies to understand factors associated with stigma and discrimination. It can also provide an opportunity for a structured discussion around stigma and discrimination experiences important to people living with dementia, as well as planning psychosocial services and initiatives to reduce stigma and discrimination.
Ultrasonography findings in diabetes and diabetes gastroparesis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Simadibrata Marcellus , Utari Amanda Pitarini , Siswoyo Alvita Dewi , Anastasia Elsha Stephanie , Siregar Trifonia Pingkan , Purnamasari Dyah 
Published: August 2023

Background: The gold standard for diagnosis of diabetes gastroparesis (DG) is with gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) examination. However, GES is not available in every healthcare center worldwide and the examination cost is rather expensive, unlike ultrasonography (USG) examination. This study aims to evaluate gastric changes monitored with USG in diabetes mellitus (DM) and DG. Methods: We performed searches from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Proquest, and Scopus in April 30 – May 6, 2022. Random-effect approach on outcomes, standardized mean-difference (SMD) and 95%-confidence interval (CI) was assessed. Results: Compared to healthy control; (1) Antral cross-sectional area (CSA) in DM is bigger in fasting (SMD=1.25cm2; 95%CI, 0.79 to 1.71, I2=81%, P<0.05) and postprandial (SMD=3.70 cm2; 95%CI, 1.45 to 5.34, I2=85%, P<0.05). (2) Gastric emptying time (GET) is longer with DG (SMD=75.44min; 95%CI, 31.61 to 119.27, I2=97%) and in DM (SMD=35.54min; 95% CI, 11.49 to 59.60, I2=94%). (3) Gastric half-emptying time (GE50) were found to be longer in DM (SMD=20.73 min; 95%CI, 14.69 to 26.77, I2=60%, P<0.05) and DG (SMD=7.46min; 95%CI, 5.06 to 9.86, I2=68.2%, P<0.05). (4) Smaller gastric emptying rate (GER) in DG (SMD=-31.95%; 95%CI, -42.22% to -21.69%, I2=84%, P<0.05) and DM (SMD=-16.14%; 95%CI, -30.88% to -1.39%, I2=78%, P<0.05). (5) Less antral contraction in DG (SMD=-1.47; 95%CI, -2.61 to -0.33, I2=82%, P<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with DM and DG have wider antral CSA, longer GET and GE50, reduced GER and reducing antral contraction. USG is useful for assessing gastric emptying in DM and DG. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022328695 (10/05/2022)