bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Search for the evaporation of primordial black holes with H.E.S.S.
Authors: Aharonian F. , Ait Benkhali F. , Aschersleben J. , Böttcher M. , Backes M. , Barbosa Martins V. , Batzofin R. , Becherini Y. , Berge D. , Bi B. , Boisson C. , Bolmont J. , de Bony de Lavergne M. , Borowska J. , Bradascio F. , Brose R. , Brun F. , Bruno B. , Bulik T. , Burger-Scheidlin C. , Caroff S. , Casanova S. , Celic J. , Cerruti M. , Chand T. , Chen A. , Chibueze O. , Cotter G. , Damascene Mbarubucyeye J. , Djannati-Ataï A. , Egberts K. , van Eldik C. , Ernenwein J.-P. , Füßling M. , Fiasson A. , Fichet de Clairfontaine G. , Fontaine G. , Gabici S. , Ghafourizadeh S. , Giavitto G. , Glawion D. , Glicenstein J.F. , Grolleron G. , Grondin M.-H. , Haerer L. , Haupt M. , Hinton J.A. , Hofmann W. , Holler M. , Horns D. , Huang Z.-Q. , Jamrozy M. , Jankowsky F. , Joshi V. , Jung-Richardt I. , Kasai E. , Katarzyński K. , Khélifi B. , Klepser S. , Kluźniak W. , Komin N. , Kosack K. , Kostunin D. , Holch T.L. , Lang R.G. , Le Stum S. , Leitl F. , Lemière A. , Lenain J.-P. , Leuschner F. , Lohse T. , Luashvili A. , Lypova I. , Mackey J. , Malyshev D. , Marandon V. , Marchegiani P. , Marinos P. , Martí-Devesa G. , Marx R. , Mitchell A. , Moderski R. , Mohrmann L. , Montanari A. , Moulin E. , Muller J. , Nakashima K. , de Naurois M. , Niemiec J. , O'Brien P. , Ohm S. , Olivera-Nieto L. , de Ona Wilhelmi E. , Ostrowski M. , Pühlhofer G. , Panny S. , Panter M. , Parsons R.D. , Peron G. , Priyana Noel A. , Prokhorov D.A. , Prokoph H. , Punch M. , Quirrenbach A. , Reichherzer P. , Reimer O. , Rieger F. , Rowell G. , Rudak B. , Rueda Ricarte H. , Sahakian V. , Salzmann H. , Sanchez D.A. , Santangelo A. , Sasaki M. , Schutte H.M. , Schwanke U. , Shapopi J.N.S. , Sol H. , Specovius A. , Spencer S. , Stawarz Ł. , Steenkamp R. , Steinmassl S. , Steppa C. , Sushch I. , Suzuki H. , Takahashi T. , Tanaka T. , Tavernier T. , Thorpe-Morgan C. , Tsuji N. , Uchiyama Y. , Vecchi M. , Veh J. , Venter C. , Vink J. , Wagner S.J. , White R. , Wierzcholska A. , Wong Y.W. , Zacharias M. , Zargaryan D. , Zdziarski A.A. , Zech A. , Zouari S. , Żywucka N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes predicted to have been formed from density fluctuations in the early Universe.
PBHs with an initial mass around 1014–1015 g are expected to end their evaporation at present times in a burst of particles and very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays.
Those gamma rays may be detectable by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes.
This paper reports on the search for evaporation bursts of VHE gamma rays with H.E.S.S., ranging from 10 to 120 seconds, as expected from the final stage of PBH evaporation and using a total of 4816 hours of observations.
The most constraining upper limit on the burst rate of local PBHs is
2000 pc-3 yr-1 for a burst interval of 120 seconds, at the 95% confidence level. The implication of these measurements for PBH dark matter are also discussed.
LitePIG: a lite parameter inference system for the gravitational wave in the millihertz band
Authors: Wang Renjie , Hu Bin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present a Python based parameter inference system for the gravitational wave (GW) measured in the millihertz band. This system includes the following features: the GW waveform originated from the massive black hole binaries (MBHB), the stationary instrumental Gaussian noise, the higher-order harmonic modes, the full response function from the time delay interferometry and the Gaussian likelihood function with the dynamic nested parameter sampler. In particular, we highlight the role of higher-order modes. By including these modes, the luminosity distance estimation precision can be improved roughly by a factor of 50, compared with the case with only the leading order (ℓ = 2, ∣m∣ = 2) mode. This is due to the response functions of different harmonic modes on the inclination angle are different. Hence, it can help to break the distance-inclination degeneracy. Furthermore, we show the robustness of testing general relativity (GR) by using higher-order harmonics. Our results show that the GW from MBHB can simultaneously constrain four of the higher harmonic amplitudes (deviation from GR) with 95% confidence level of

c

21

=

0.54

−
1.05

+
0.82

,

c

32

=
−

0.65

−
1.42

+
3.02

,

c

33

=

0.56

−
0.96

+
0.79

and

c

44

=

1.57

−
2.19

+
3.22

, respectively.
Temperature-insensitive reading of a flash memory cell
Authors: Zhang Weiyan , Yu Tao , Zhu Zhifeng , Li Binghan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The temperature characteristics of the read current of the NOR embedded flash memory with a 1.5T-per-cell structure are theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. We verify that for a cell programmed with a “10” state, the read current is either increasing, decreasing, or invariable with the temperature, essentially depending on the reading overdrive voltage of the selected bitcell, or its programming strength. By precisely controlling the programming strength and thus manipulating its temperature coefficient, we propose a new setting method for the reference cells that programs each of reference cells to a charge state with a temperature coefficient closely tracking tail data cells, thereby solving the current coefficient mismatch and improving the read window.
The effect of elevated initial vortex shapes on its evolution
Authors: Elikashvili A , Golbraikh E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The formation and evolution of helical vortices in various media is an important hydrodynamic problem. A separate problem is the study of the behavior of the initial vortex, which is elevated above the surface. The evolution of such vortices is a complex multiparameter phenomenon. Based on a simple hydrodynamic model (or minimal model) in Elikashvili et al (2017 Phys. Fluids
29 026602) have been studied the formation of vorticity near the surface as a function of the initial height of the vortex and the Reynolds number. However, the influence of the parameters of the initial vortex profile on its evolution was not considered. In this paper, based on a simple hydrodynamic model, we study the evolution and formation of vortices near a solid surface for various initial vorticity profiles. The most widespread vortex profiles of Rankine, Burgers, and Vatistas were chosen for research. The simulation shows that the evolution of the vortex depends on its initial profile.
Research on TA1 mesh low-melting-point alloy filling incremental forming process for cranial prosthesis
Authors: Ruxiong Li , Tao Wang , Feng Li 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is a flexible and progressive manufacturing technique in the monolithic molding domain of heterogeneous metal pressing panels, which can contribute to the monolithic molding of metal pressing panels with complex contour and applicable to the fabrication of a small amount of titanium mesh plates for cranial prosthesis. A sandwich construction of titanium mesh was proposed in this paper for the purpose of inhibiting the indentation on the product surface and the deformation extent of mesh opening, as well as the forming accuracy of titanium mesh. The method of finite element modelling was applied to analyze the influence rules of low-melting-point alloy/synergistic deformation mechanism of titanium mesh as well as low-melting-point alloy layer on titanium mesh incremental forming quality. At last, the horizontal arrangement of significance regarding process parameters on sandwich titanium mesh wall thickness and rebound ratio effects was confirmed.
Low-cost thin film patch antennas and antenna arrays with various background wall materials for indoor wireless communications
Authors: Kerminen Juho , Xie Boxuan , Mela Lauri , Karakoç Alp , Ruttik Kalle , Jäntti Riku 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The present study introduces an inkjet-printed flexible coplanar waveguide patch antenna array concept. Single antenna and four-element antenna arrays were characterized, which were attached to a subminiature version A connector via an innovative solderless, 3D-printed ‘plug-and-play-type’ tightener. Furthermore, indoor wireless communication and Internet of Things scenarios with commonly used wall materials including gypsum and plywood boards, on which patch antennas and antenna arrays can be attached, were also presented. In order to validate the concept, design and fabrication iterations in parallel with numerical and experimental investigations were executed. To elaborate, single antenna and antenna array configurations without and with wall materials were characterized to see their functionality at 2.4 GHz resonance frequency and beyond 300 MHz bandwidth, respectively. The results demonstrate that the investigated configurations fulfill short-range radio transmission and can be utilized, e.g., for indoor backscattering-type communications and wireless sensing applications, as an affordable and versatile alternative to their conventional counterparts. Being attached to their corresponding background materials, single-antenna specimens were measured to have return losses beyond 18 dB and peak gains around 1 dBi, while higher peak gains above 6 dBi were detected for antenna arrays. Moreover, the antenna arrays can enable multiple-input and multiple-output communication. The proposed arrays had diversity performance in terms of return losses higher than 15 dB, isolation of more than 20 dB, envelope correlation coefficient

<
0.001

, diversity gain

>
9.95

dB, mean effective gain

<
−
3

dB, power ratio factor

<
0.5

dB, and channel capacity loss

<
0.4

bits/s/Hz.
Extended-charge-transfer excitations in crystalline non-fullerene acceptors
Authors: Liu Zhixing , Zhang Chunfeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In organic solar cells with non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), an intra-moiety excited state, originating from intermolecular interactions in the acceptor domain, acts as a key immediate for charge separation. However, the nature of the intra-moiety state remains elusive. Here, we employ a model Hamiltonian with parameters derived from a model system of Y6 crystal to study the nature of low-lying excited states in NFAs. We find the intra-moiety excited state is mixed with local excitation and charge-transfer excitation (CTE) characters with nonnegligible contributions from extended CTEs with spatially-separated electrons and holes. The spatial extent of such a loosely bound state is susceptible to the intermolecular electronic interaction and electron–vibration interaction, which may be promoted by molecule engineering and morphology control. The findings provide an alternative strategy towards device optimization by manipulating the delocalization of intra-moiety state in organic photovoltaic materials.
Machine learning integrated laser speckle image analysis for the simultaneous extraction of flow and scatterer concentration from capillary phantoms
Authors: Hegde Anoosha Venkatraman , Unni Sujatha Narayanan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Laser speckle imaging is one of the powerful non-invasive imaging techniques to monitor and assess microcirculation parameters. Qualitative analysis of perfusion parameters has been carried out in the recent past. But the quantitative estimation of tissue perfusion parameters like flow velocity and scatterer concentration simultaneously from laser speckle images remains challenging. The introduction of machine learning methods into laser speckle image analysis can help meet these challenges to a great extent. This paper presents an approach for the simultaneous extraction of perfusion parameters, using multi-target regression techniques applied to the extracted features from acquired laser speckle images after Eigen-decomposition filtering. The multi-target regression trees are identified as an effective tool for the simultaneous extraction of flow velocity and scatterer concentration with adequate mean absolute percentage error. Besides the achieved speed and computational efficiency, our work demonstrates the viability of this approach in quantifying perfusion parameters simultaneously. Due to its simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective nature, the proposed technique could be used in the real-time assessment of tissue health.
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics in a single-molecule quantum system
Authors: Pyurbeeva E , Thomas J O , Mol J A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Thermodynamic probes can be used to deduce microscopic internal dynamics of nanoscale quantum systems. Several direct entropy measurement protocols based on charge transport measurements have been proposed and experimentally applied to single-electron devices. To date, these methods have relied on (quasi-)equilibrium conditions between the nanoscale quantum system and its environment, which constitutes only a small subset of the experimental conditions available. In this paper, we establish a thermodynamic analysis method based on stochastic thermodynamics, that is valid far from equilibrium conditions, is applicable to a broad range of single-electron devices and allows us to find the difference in entropy between the charge states of the nanodevice, as well as a characteristic of any selection rules governing electron transfers. We apply this non-equilibrium entropy measurement protocol to a single-molecule device in which the internal dynamics can be described by a two-site Hubbard model.
Mechanism of the wintertime subseasonal surface air temperature variability over Eurasia
Authors: Guan Weina , Wang Lin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The formation mechanism responsible for the leading mode of the subseasonal variability of wintertime surface air temperature (SAT) over Eurasia is investigated. The leading SAT mode over Eurasia is characterized by a triple pattern with strong cold anomalies centered over northern Eurasia and weaker warm anomalies over the Arctic and East Asia, respectively, which has a deep barotropic structure and extends from the surface to the upper troposphere. It is tightly coupled to a wave-like atmospheric circulation, which stretches from the North Atlantic to East Asia and resembles the Scandinavia teleconnection pattern. Its formation mechanism is further revealed through the analysis of the temperature budget. The atmospheric circulation-induced horizontal advection is found to be the primary driver of the cold anomalies over northern Eurasia associated with the leading SAT mode in two steps. First, the advection of the climatological temperature by the mode-associated meridional wind anomalies triggers the cooling in the western part of Eurasia. Second, the advection of the above cold anomalies by background westerly winds from west Eurasia to the east further redistributes the cold anomalies. The meridional and zonal advection eventually causes the mode-associated strong cold anomalies over northern Eurasia.
Expanding Access to 3D Technology in Plastic Surgery of the Breast: Validation of the Iphone X 3D Camera Against the Vectra M1
Authors: Rudy Hayeem , Lu Yi-Hsueh , Tepper Oren , Weichman Katie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Goals/Purpose
The iPhone X is the first mainstream smartphone to be released that contains a high-fidelity 3D scanner and is already in the hands of tens of millions of individuals in the United States. At the present time, the vast majority of 3D analysis of the breast necessitates ownership of expensive cost-prohibitive camera and software packages. The most popular of these is the Canfield Vectra M1 system. In an effort to expand access to 3D technology in plastic surgery of the breast, the purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the iPhone X 3D scanner against the Canfield Vectra M1 in obtaining 3D scans of the breast.

Methods/Technique
Twenty breasts (n=20) in patients undergoing breast reconstructive surgery were 3D photographed using both the iPhone X and the Canfield Vectra M1. The accuracy of the iPhone 3D image was compared with the Vectra image using color map analysis and surface distances across the 3D model between key anatomical landmarks. These included distances between sternal notch to nipple (SN-N), mid-chest to nipple (M-N), nipple to mid-inframammary fold (N-IMF), and inframammary fold width (IMF).

Results/Complications
When comparing absolute differences in distances between key anatomical landmarks, the average discrepancy in measurements between iPhone and Vectra image pairs were the following: SN-N: 0.84mm, M-N: 0.70mm, N-IMF 0.81mm, and IMF 0.91mm. Colormap analysis demonstrated an average root mean square error of 1.85mm, with a mean of 0.57mm and standard deviation of ±1.88mm.

Conclusion
The iPhone X is capable of capturing 3D photographs of the breast with an average discrepancy of approximately 1.0 to 2.0 millimeters as determined by landmark to landmark surface distance analysis and color map analysis. These data demonstrate that the 3D scans obtained with the iPhone may be useful for determining nipple position, measuring the breast footprint, choosing implants, and performing other functions using 3D technology are typically performed using the more expensive systems. These are early data and additional studies should compare volumetric analysis and clinical outcomes between using the iPhone and more established 3D technology systems in breast reconstructive surgery.
Female foraging strategy co-evolves with sexual harassment intensity in the Trinidadian guppy
Authors: Yang Yusan , Grant Eleanor , López-Sepulcre Andrés , Gordon Swanne P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sexual harassment is a widespread evolutionary outcome of sexual conflict over mating rates. Male harassment can impose costs on females, and females often change their behaviors to avoid unwanted attention. In Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), males use either sneak mating behavior or courtship displays as reproductive tactics. Both behaviors can be sources of sexual harassment, but sneak behavior is likely more harmful. Males adapted to low-predation habitats use more courtship and fewer sneak tactics than their high-predation ancestors. Here, we tested whether female foraging strategy co-evolves with less severe male harassment as guppies colonize low-predation environments. We set up outdoor stream mesocosms with common-garden-reared males and females from either a high- or a low-predation population in a 2 × 2 design, and tested whether populations diverge in female response to male harassment. We found that both sneak behavior and courtship display reduced female foraging, but the effect of sneak behavior was more extensive. Furthermore, the negative effect of sneak behavior was more pronounced on high-predation females. Our results suggest that female foraging strategy coevolved with divergence in male mating strategy: females under more severe sexual harassment evolved a foraging strategy that is more sensitive to varying harassment levels.
Temporal–spatial analysis of cyromazine in cowpea using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Tang Xuemei , Huang Congling , Huang Jianxiang , Wang Jiale , Chen Zhiting , Chen Yan , Xiao Zemiao , Wan Kai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an economically important crop. It is nutritious and popular with consumers. However, it has been listed as one of the agricultural products of critical concern about safety in China and cyromazine is the major risk factor.

Objectives
This study analyzed the dissipation and permeation kinetics of cyromazine residue in cowpea, to offer a scientific basis for the rational use of pesticide and ensure the safety of agricultural products.

Materials and methods
The dissipation and residue level of the systemic insecticide cyromazine on cowpea under field and stored conditions were investigated. Subsequently, the spatial distribution of cyromazine was studied using mass spectrometry imaging to visualize the dynamic processes of permeation and migration in the tissues post pesticide application.

Results
The dissipation processing of cyromazine in cowpea was shown to follow the first-order kinetics and half-life was 7.76 d in the field. In cowpea, the permeation and migration rate of cyromazine was faster than that in kidney beans and accumulation was mainly in the pulp. It is not safe to apply cyromazine to cowpeas with reference to the application method on kidney beans.

Conclusions
These findings present vital data for the determination of risks linked with cowpea consumption and pesticide intake.
Acoustic full waveform inversion for 2-D ambient noise source imaging
Authors: Datta Arjun , Shekar Bharath , Kumar Pushp L 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe present a method for estimating seismic ambient noise sources by acoustic full waveform inversion (FWI) of interstation cross-correlations. The method is valid at local scales for laterally heterogeneous media, and ambient noise sources confined to the Earth’s surface. Synthetic tests performed using an actual field array geometry, are used to illustrate three unique aspects of our work. First: the method is able to recover noise sources of arbitrary spatial distribution, both within and outside the receiver array, with high fidelity. This holds true for complex velocity models and does not require a good initial guess for inversion, thereby addressing an outstanding issue in the existing research literature. Second: we analyse the extent of biases in source inversion that arise due to inaccurate velocity models. Our findings indicate that source inversion using simplified (e.g. homogeneous) velocity models may work reliably when lateral variations in velocity structure are limited to 5 or 10 per cent in magnitude, but is vitiated by strong variations of 20 per cent or higher, wherein the effect of strong scattering and/or phase distortions become significant. Finally, our technique is implemented without the adjoint method, which is usually inextricably linked to FWI. Inversions are performed using source kernels computed for each receiver pair, and this approach is computationally tractable for real-world problems with small aperture seismic arrays.
Explaining the Impact of Legal Access to Cannabis on Attitudes toward Users
Authors: Queirolo Rosario , Repetto Lorena , Sotto Belén , Álvarez Eliana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLaws and public policies can change social norms by signaling which behaviors are legal or illegal. Recent cannabis legalization policies might have this effect. Does cannabis legalization increase social acceptance toward its users? This article focuses on understanding the impact of Uruguayan cannabis legalization on attitudes toward cannabis users by taking advantage of having legal and illegal mechanisms for getting cannabis under the same national context. To do so, we conducted a conjoint experiment in a national face-to-face survey (N = 2,181). Participants were presented with two different profiles of potential neighbors and asked to choose one. These profiles randomized attributes such as being a registered user, mechanism of cannabis acquisition, frequency of cannabis use, as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Participants rated each profile from 1 to 7 based on how much they would like to have them as neighbors. Subsequently, we estimated the average marginal component effect as the critical causal quantity of interest. Results reveal that users who access cannabis through a legal mechanism are more preferred as neighbors than those who do not. Thus, the evidence presented in this article indicates that regulation, by proving legal access, increases the social acceptance of cannabis users.