bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localizing the UNGPs – An Afrocentric Approach to Interpreting Pillar II
Authors: Ogunranti Akinwumi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an alternative epistemic worldview of the corporate responsibility to respect human rights (CR2R) as a norm. It examines how an Afrocentric interpretation of the CR2R norm can contribute to a relational system where corporations promote human rights in African host communities. It uses an African norm — Ubuntu — to reframe and reinterpret Pillar II in Afrocentric terms. It argues that this reframing is important for three reasons. First, Ubuntu reframing increases the CR2R norm’s intelligibility in Africa because it clarifies and contextualizes the term ‘respect’ used in Pillar II. Second, reframing the CR2R norm through Ubuntu fills the ethical gap in the interpretation of the CR2Rnorm. Third, an Ubuntu-inspired interpretation insulates the CR2R norm from some scholars’ critique that the CR2R norm’s scope is narrow because it only encourages MNCs to avoid infringing on the human rights of others without prescribing positive obligations. This paper then examines channels through which Ubuntu can influence the CR2R norm.
Progress, challenges and opportunities in early modern gender history, c.1550–1720
Authors: Tait Clodagh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFollowing some of the themes of the original ‘An agenda for women's history in Ireland, 1500–1900’ and others that were not as prominent, this article considers progress since 1992 and highlights opportunities for the further development of Irish early modern women's and gender history. It considers aspects of the life cycle of women and men, especially birth, youth and marriage; the economic roles of women, especially when it came to work and property; and the importance of movement to and from Ireland in both personal biographies and wider contexts. It also reflects on some of the ways in which understandings of early modern politics and of religion and belief for the period c.1550–1720 have been transformed by consideration of the role of women. While the ‘Agenda’ noted the potential of buildings and spaces, there has been a new emphasis on ‘things’ as remnants of lives and labour, expressions of cultural norms and tools in the construction of gender, selfhood and social status. Very early on, the ‘Agenda’ strongly stated that ‘the history of women is also the history of men’, and this article also notes the green shoots of the history of masculinity in early modern Ireland.
Networking early modern Irish women
Authors: Bourke Evan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, network analysis has developed as an approach within digital humanities as a wider array of tools has become available to humanities scholars, and these approaches are now beginning to make an impact on the disciplines of history and English. This article presents an overview of different ways of approaching network analysis. It assesses recent projects to see how they accounted for gender in their datasets and what can be learnt about early modern women from these projects. It then looks at how projects in Ireland are engaging with network analysis, discussing the approaches used by RECIRC and introducing MACMORRIS's analysis of the Dictionary of Irish biography (D.I.B.) and the Bardic Poetry Database (B.P.D.), looking at how the latter is attempting to overcome the unconscious gender bias inherent in the D.I.B.'s selection of early modern lives from the period between 1541 and 1660. Finally, it points to some of the wider issues we as scholars face when engaging with this methodology, such as access to the required training and collaboration, arguing that while these are not unique challenges to the study of gender history in Ireland, they are important debates that can enhance scholarship in the field.
REFLECTION IN SECOND-ORDER SET THEORY WITH ABUNDANT URELEMENTS BI-INTERPRETS A SUPERCOMPACT CARDINAL
Authors: HAMKINS JOEL DAVID , YAO BOKAI 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAfter reviewing various natural bi-interpretations in urelement set theory, including second-order set theories with urelements, we explore the strength of second-order reflection in these contexts. Ultimately, we prove that second-order reflection with the abundant atom axiom is bi-interpretable and hence also equiconsistent with the existence of a supercompact cardinal. The proof relies on a reflection characterization of supercompactness, namely, a cardinal
$\kappa $
is supercompact if and only if every
$\Pi ^1_1$
sentence true in a structure M (of any size) containing
$\kappa $
in a language of size less than
$\kappa $
is also true in a substructure
$m\prec M$
of size less than
$\kappa $
with
$m\cap \kappa \in \kappa $
.
Modes of Extraction in Latin America’s Lithium Triangle: Explaining Negotiated, Unnegotiated, and Aborted Mining Projects
Authors: González Lucas I. , Snyder Richard 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTMitigating climate change requires a global transition from fossil fuels to a “green economy” driven by renewable energies. This shift has fostered massive investments in mining resources, notably lithium in South America, needed to store renewable energies. These mining ventures often produce harmful externalities where lithium is located. In Argentina, a major producer, striking variation has occurred in the fortunes of lithium-mining projects. In some instances, mining companies offered concessions that mitigated environmental damage and improved local socioeconomic conditions. In others, companies made minimal concessions, and in a third set they halted projects in response to local resistance. Why do mining ventures result alternatively in negotiated, unnegotiated, or aborted extraction? The article proposes a new typology of modes of extraction together with a multilevel explanatory framework that centers on the strengths and strategies of transnational mining companies, subnational governments, and local communities in setting the terms for extracting lithium.
Embracing and denouncing the ‘Mecca uniform’ in Nigerian mass media, 1950s–1970s
Authors: Katz Sara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNigerian Muslims have undertaken the hajj for centuries. As Nigeria approached independence in the 1950s, Muslims began to discuss and debate this practice on a national scale, through Islamic associations and political committees and in the Nigerian press. At the same time, Muslim politicians began to publicly don the ‘Mecca uniform’, the white robe (thawb) and black cord (‘iqāl) common to Saudi Arabia. While Nigerian pilgrims had worn these garments for decades, their conspicuous adoption by the political elite was novel. This sartorial link between politicians and the East was amplified by photographs and commentary circulating nationally in the press, and generated a mix of admiration and concern. Christians (and some Muslims) questioned whether a secular state ought to oversee the hajj. Within roughly a decade, politicians ceased their official use of the Mecca uniform as the press became saturated with exaggerated stories of ‘corrupt’ pilgrims engaged in smuggling and other crimes. The proliferation of other mass media, such as radio and novels, contributed to this critique. This was not the end of the Mecca uniform’s public life, however, as others – such as Yoruba women in the south-west – continued to employ it in self-fashioned public images, including obituary notices. The transformation of the Mecca uniform into an object of national discourse engaging a range of Muslims and also Christians speaks to the complex dynamics shaping Islam in modern Nigeria.
The clash of sound, image and light: inter- and intra-religious entanglements and contestations during Mawlūd celebrations in the city of Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Murtala 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores recent inter- and intra-religious entanglements and contestations between Sufi Muslims, members of the Izala and Christianity, which have emerged as a result of a new way of celebrating Mawlūd in the Nigerian city of Jos. Through the adept use of loudspeakers, Izala projects a sense of dominance over the public sphere of the city and uses this as a platform to critique the Sufis. In part as a response, and as a counter-critique of Izala, the Sufis have rejuvenated their Mawlūd celebrations as a mass public spectacle, involving the use of Christmas lights to decorate the city and the construction at the entrance to major streets of temporary wooden arches decorated with flowers, Christmas lights, wreaths and images of Shaykh Ibrahim Nyass. This article argues that the Sufis, who are at a disadvantage in the practice of organized preaching and the use of sound media, have transformed the Mawlūd celebrations into a mechanism to counterbalance Izala’s dominance of the public sphere and to reassert their presence in the city. The Sufis’ incorporation of decorative Christmas objects reveals the fluid boundaries between Christians and Muslims in Nigeria, which sometimes generate dynamics of interreligious borrowing and mutual influence. This article attempts to remap and push the boundaries of studying Islam and Christianity in Nigeria, because focusing on one religion in isolation downplays the intertwining and intersection of practices between the two religious groups.
SIN, COS, EXP AND LOG OF LIOUVILLE NUMBERS
Authors: CHALEBGWA TABOKA PRINCE , MORRIS SIDNEY A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor any Liouville number$\alpha $, all of the following are transcendental numbers:${e}^\alpha $,$\log _{e}\alpha $,$\sin \alpha $,$\cos \alpha $,$\tan \alpha $,$\sinh \alpha $,$\cosh \alpha $,$\tanh \alpha $,$\arcsin \alpha $and the inverse functions evaluated at$\alpha $of the listed trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, noting that wherever multiple values are involved, every such value is transcendental. This remains true if ‘Liouville number’ is replaced by ‘U-number’, whereUis one of Mahler’s classes of transcendental numbers.
Bilateral collaboration between the Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) and United States Research Communities – from a vision to everyday practice
Authors: Mercer Jennifer L. , Nymand Josephine , Culler Lauren E. , Lynge Rebecca , Lund Sten , Gregersen Bo , Makens Brett , Virginia Ross A. , Moore Kristian G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Each year, hundreds of international researchers enter Greenland to conduct scientific fieldwork. Historically, they have had little interaction with local communities and scientists at Greenland research institutes. Recognising that collaboration between Greenland and the United States can yield better research, consider more diverse perspectives, articulate the benefits of research to Greenland society, and train the next generation in a collaborative framework, representatives from both countries have been engaged in a series of events to cultivate bilateral relationships. Here, we describe the process of these events (workshops, conference sessions, and public dialogues), the findings, and the outcomes that have followed. Prior to this focused engagement, United States and Greenland scientists typically pursued their research independently. Since the engagement, more researchers from both countries have successfully partnered to obtain funding for collaborative research. Furthermore, development of a bilateral collaboration network is underway. The focused approach on bilateral engagement also proved essential for maintaining research and other activities during the global pandemic. When United States researchers were prevented from entering Greenland, their Greenland partners were able to continue the fieldwork, ensuring that progress was not lost. Future international projects can build on these successes to expand collaborative and interdisciplinary research in Greenland.
OP04 Methodological Challenges Of Assessing An Evolving Technology: The Cochlear Implant For Deaf People
Authors: Nijmeijer Hugo , Groenewoud Hans , Mylanus Emmanuel , Goedegebure André , Huinck Wendy , van der Wilt Gert Jan 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionWhen Cochlear implants (CI) were first introduced, only postlingually, profoundly hearing impaired individuals were implanted unilaterally. As experience grew, eligibility was followed by prelingual deaf children, and a second contralateral CI was being considered. Due to surgical and technological improvements, eligibility criteria for CI are now shifting, encompassing patients with more residual hearing. We aimed to explore, ex ante, whether such shift is warranted.MethodsA dynamic, population-based Markov modeling study was conducted. Model parameters were based on available evidence, expert opinion, and calibration. The model mimics Dutch demographic development in three age categories over a period of 20 years. Impact of changing eligibility was explored in terms of number of CI recipients, costs, quality of life and cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective.ResultsIf those with severe hearing loss would qualify and opt for CI similar to those with profound hearing loss, this would lead to a fourfold increase of CI recipients (from 8,815 to 35,630) over a 20 year period, resulting in an increase in costs (EUR 550 million) and QALYs (54,000), with an Incremental Cost Utility Ratio of EUR 10,771/QALY (2.5–97.5 percentiles: 1,252–23,171).ConclusionsResults suggest that expected health gains could be such, that the investment may be considered cost-effective against the backdrop of currently prevailing criteria. However, for this, a substantial increase in operating capacity, follow-up care and rehabilitation are required. Further inquiries are needed to investigate whether such increased capacity can be achieved, to ensure equitable access to those services.
OP07 Dealing With Uncertainty In Early Health Technology Assessment: An Exploration Of Methods For Decision-Making Under Deep Uncertainty
Authors: Scholte Mirre , Marchau Vincent , Kwakkel Jan , Rovers Maroeska , Grutters Janneke 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionIn early stages, the consequences of innovations are often unknown or deeply uncertain. This complicates health economic modelling. The field of decision-making under deep uncertainty (DMDU) uses exploratory modelling (EM) to help decision-makers make sound decisions under conditions of deep uncertainty (i.e., when stakeholders do not know, or cannot agree on, the system model, the probability distributions to place over the inputs to these models, which consequences to consider, and their relative importance). The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of EM for the early evaluation of health technologies.MethodsEM and early health economic modelling (EHEM) were applied to an early evaluation of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for acute intracerebral hemorrhage, and were compared to derive differences, merits, and drawbacks of EM.ResultsThe approaches fundamentally differ in the way uncertainty is handled. Where in EHEM the focus is on the value of the technology, while accounting for the uncertainty, EM focuses on the uncertainty. EHEM aims to assess whether the innovative strategy is potentially cost-effective, often using assumptions. EM on the other hand focuses on finding robust strategies (i.e., strategies that give relatively good outcomes over a wide range of plausible futures). This was also reflected in our case study. For example, EHEM provided cost-effectiveness thresholds for MIS effectiveness, assuming fixed MIS costs. EM showed that a strategy with a population in which most patients had severe intracerebral hemorrhage was most robust, regardless of MIS effectiveness, complications, and costs.ConclusionsEM seems most suited in the very early phases of innovation (i.e., when a problem is signaled). Here, it can explore the robustness of many potential strategies under uncertainty. When potential strategies are selected, EHEM seems useful to optimize these strategies. Yet, EM methods are complex and might only be fully effective when a policy window exists that facilitates flexible research and adoption strategies.
OP14 Involving People With A Lived Experience When Developing A Proposed Health Technology Assessment Of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treatments
Authors: Johnson Eugenie , Pearson Fiona , Lally Joanne , Farnworth Allison 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPatient and public involvement (PPI) is an expectation when conducting a health technology assessment (HTA), but there is little guidance for those wishing to embed PPI when developing an HTA proposal. We wanted to ensure PPI was central in preparing a proposal for an HTA potentially of any intervention for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women.MethodsWe conducted an open process to recruit two PPI co-applicants who, after induction to the project, were jointly responsible for governance of PPI in partnership with the PPI Lead throughout project planning. We facilitated an online workshop with the PPI co-applicants and other women with a lived experience of POP to: develop our question and scope; decide interventions and outcomes for the evidence synthesis; discuss the care pathway for the economic evaluation component; and plan dissemination. The PPI co-applicants were encouraged to comment on the full proposal, while workshop attendees were invited to comment on the plain language summary. Our work adhered to United Kingdom (UK) Standards for Public Involvement. We obtained funding to facilitate PPI within the proposal and reimburse those with lived experience for their time.ResultsInvolving the co-applicants and workshop participants strengthened the HTA proposal by: solidifying the rationale based on lived experience; adding interventions to our evidence synthesis not previously considered; and highlighting dissemination outlets that appealed to the public. Comments on the full proposal and plain language summary ensured the proposal was accessible. However, we were unable to discuss everything we originally planned even though researcher time spent on embedding PPI into the proposal was substantial.ConclusionsIncluding PPI can be valuable for developing HTA proposals. However, research is required to explore the appropriate level of involvement at the HTA proposal stage, particularly given the large amount of researcher time and additional resource needed to incorporate meaningful PPI.
OP17 Robotic Versus Conventional Surgery: An Overview Of Systematic Reviews For Clinical Effectiveness With Quality Assessment Of Current Evidence
Authors: Lai Tzujung , Bouttell Janet , Boyd Kathleen 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionRobot-assisted surgery (RAS) is being adopted rapidly internationally across a wide range of surgical procedures. Although a great deal of evidence of the clinical effectiveness of RAS has been generated, it is possible that the evidence base is not complete or persuasive in some areas where adoption is being considered. This review seeks to summarize systematic reviews (SRs) undertaken to date to illustrate the weight of evidence across specialties. We then take an in depth look at the quality of evidence across several indications where the adoption of RAS is currently underway.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Systematic Reviews from January 2017 to April 2021 for SRs describing clinical effectiveness outcomes. The body of evidence was mapped across all specialties. For a selected number of indications currently under consideration in Scotland, results were comparatively summarized, and the quality of the reviews was evaluated with the AMSTAR-2 tool.ResultsA total of 451 SRs were found. Most were in urology (n = 130) where RAS is well established, followed by colorectal (n = 63), hepatology (n = 58), and gynecology (n = 41). From within these latter three specialties, we selected six indications in which RAS is currently being considered for adoption in Scotland for in depth review (colorectal cancer surgery, hysterectomy, gastrointestinal oncological resection, hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery). Evidence for the clinical effectiveness of RAS versus conventional laparoscopic surgery is mixed across indications and outcomes. In colorectal cancer surgery, for example, evidence was positive for conversion rate and neutral for length of hospital stays, blood loss and postoperative complication and negative for operative time. For hysterectomy, evidence was positive for the length of hospital stays and neutral for operative time, blood loss, conversion rate and postoperative complication. The quality of the included reviews was judged to be critically low.ConclusionsThe currently available evidence of clinical effectiveness is mixed across indications and of low quality.
OP18 Clinical Effectiveness And Safety Of Implantable Bulking Agents For Fecal Incontinence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gassner Lucia , Wild Claudia , Walter Melanie 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate whether implantable versus injectable bulking agents (second-line therapies) are equal/superior in terms of effectiveness (severity, quality of life [QoL], sustainability) and safety (adverse events) for fecal incontinence (FI).MethodsA systematic review was conducted and five databases were searched (Medline via Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment database). In-/exclusion criteria were predefined according to the PICOS scheme. The Institute of Health Economics risk of bias (RoB) tool assessed studies’ internal validity. According to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the strength of evidence for safety outcomes was rated. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was used to analyse the data.ResultsSix prospective uncontrolled trials (143 patients) were included. The evidence consists of six prospective single-arm, before-after studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria for assessing clinical effectiveness and safety for implantable bulking agents. FI severity (Cleveland Clinic FI Score) statistically significantly improved to three months (p<0.01) and six months (p<0.05) follow-up (five studies). Improvements in severity sustainability were reported after 12, 14 (p<0.01), and 36 (p<0.0001) months postoperatively. Improved disease-related QoL (FI QoL Score) was found (p<0.05) 12 months after surgery, and statistically significant improvements in QoL’s sustainability after 12 months (one study).Procedure-related adverse events (n=3) occurred, where prostheses extruded during surgery, and anal discomfort/pain was felt (n=11). Device-related adverse events, i.e., prostheses’ dislodgement (n=31) and removed/extruded prostheses (n=3), occurred. Studies were judged with moderate/high RoB. The strength of evidence for safety was judged to be very low.ConclusionsImplantable bulking agents might be an effective and safe minimally invasive option in FI treatment if conservative therapies fail. FI severity significantly improved, but not QoL, which needs to be explored in further studies. Due to the uncontrolled nature of the case series, comparative studies need to be awaited.