bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in environmental enteropathy and stunting in Zambian children: A pilot genome wide association study using the H3Africa chip
Authors: Mweetwa Monica N. , Haritunians Talin , Dube Shishir , Chandwe Kanta , Amadi Beatrice , Zyambo Kanekwa , Liu Ta-Chiang , McGovern Dermot , Kelly Paul 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Stunting is known to be heavily influenced by environmental factors, so the genetic contribution has received little attention. Here we report an exploration of genetic influences in stunted Zambian children with environmental enteropathy.

Method
Children with stunting (LAZ < -2) were enrolled and given nutritional therapy. Those that were non-responsive to therapy were designated as cases, and children with good growth (LAZ > -1) from the same community as controls. Blood and stool samples were taken to measure biomarkers of intestinal inflammation, epithelial damage, and microbial translocation. Single nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping was carried out on saliva samples using the H3Africa consortium array.

Results
Genome wide associations were analysed in 117 cases and 41 controls. While no significant associations with stunting were observed at P<5x10-8, likely due to the small sample size, interesting associations were observed at lower thresholds. SNPs associated with stunting were in genomic regions known to modulate neuronal differentiation and fatty acid biosynthesis. SNPs associated with increased microbial translocation were associated with non-integrin membrane ECM interactions, tight junctions, hemostasis, and G-alpha signalling events. SNPs associated with increased inflammation were associated with, ECM interactions, purine metabolism, axon guidance, and cell motility. SNPs negatively associated with inflammation overlapped genes involved in semaphoring interactions. We explored the existing coeliac disease risk HLA genotypes and found present: DQ2.5 (7.5%), DQ8 (3.5%) and DQ2.2 (3.8%); however, no children were positive for coeliac antibodies. We detected HLA-DRB:1301 and HLA-C:1802 with high odds ratios and P<0.05 in stunted children compared to controls.

Conclusion
Genetic variations associated with stunting and the enteropathy underlying it, include variants associated with multiple pathways relating to gene expression, glycosylation, nerve signalling, and sensing of the nutritional and microbiological milieu.
The distribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cells subsets and up-regulation of programmed death-1/PD-L1 axis in peripheral blood of adult CAP patients
Authors: Gong Haihong , Zhao Jingquan , Xu Wenshuai , Wan Yinghua , Mu Xiangdong , Zhang Mingqiang 
Published: September 2023

Background
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been reported to expand and have a potent ability in the expansion of regulatory T cells in malignant and infectious disease. The current study was performed to investigate the role of MDSCs and possible immune mechanisms in dampening immune responses of community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods
This was a single-center cross-sectional study. The distribution of MDSCs subsets, the PD-1/PD-L1(L2) level of MDSCs subsets and Tregs in the peripheral blood of adult CAP patients and healthy control were measured by flow cytometry analysis.

Results
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 63 adult CAP patients contained an elevated frequency of both G-MDSC (4.92±0.30 vs 2.25±0.21,p<0.0001) and M-MDSC (19.40±1.30 vs 9.64±0.57,p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. Treg in the peripheral blood of CAP patients exhibited increased expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4, accompanied by no difference of their frequency. Moreover, up-regulated expression of PD-L1 on MDSC subsets in the peripheral blood of CAP patients was also revealed. Of note, the frequency of circulating MDSCs subset displayed a positive correlation with neutrophil count percentage in blood in CAP patients.

Conclusions
In summary, the significant expansion of circulating MDSCs subsets and the up-regulated expression of PD-1/PD-L1 level in CAP patients may suggest the possible involvement of PD-1/PD-L1axis in MDSCs mediated immune regulation on Treg at least partially in CAP patients.
Attitudes and current practice in alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment among staff working in urgent and emergency settings: An open, cross-sectional international survey
Authors: Blake Holly , Yildirim Mehmet , Premakumar Vinishaa , Morris Lucy , Miller Philip , Coffey Frank 
Published: September 2023

Background
The aim of the study was to ascertain the views and experiences of those working in urgent and emergency care (UEC) settings towards screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for alcohol, to inform future practice.

Objectives
To explore i) views towards health promotion, ii) views towards and practice of SBIRT, iii) facilitators and barriers to delivering SBIRT, iv) training needs to support future SBIRT practice, and v) comparisons in views and attitudes between demographic characteristics, geographical regions, setting and occupational groups.

Methods
This was an open cross-sectional international survey, using an online self-administered questionnaire with closed and open-ended responses. Participants were ≥18 years of age, from any occupational group, working in urgent and emergency care (UEC) settings in any country or region.

Results
There were 362 respondents (aged 21–65 years, 87.8% shift workers) from 7 occupational groups including physicians (48.6%), nurses (22.4%) and advanced clinical practitioners (18.5%). Most believed that health promotion is part of their role, and that SBIRT for alcohol prevention is needed and appropriate in UEC settings. SBIRT was seen to be acceptable to patients. 66% currently provide brief alcohol advice, but fewer screen for alcohol problems or make alcohol-related referrals. The most common barriers were high workload and lack of funding for prevention, lack of knowledge and training on SBIRT, lack of access to high-quality resources, lack of timely referral pathways, and concerns about patient resistance to advice. Some views and attitudes varied according to demographic characteristics, occupation, setting or region.

Conclusions
UEC workers are willing to engage in SBIRT for alcohol prevention but there are challenges to implementation in UEC environments and concerns about workload impacts on already-burdened staff, particularly in the context of global workforce shortages. UEC workers advocate for clear guidelines and policies, increased staff capacity and/or dedicated health promotion teams onsite, SBIRT education/training/resources, appropriate physical spaces for SBIRT conversations and improved alcohol referral pathways to better funded services. Implementation of SBIRT could contribute to improving population health and reducing service demand, but it requires significant and sustained commitment of time and resources for prevention across healthcare organisations.
Timely initiation of breastfeeding among women who gave birth by cesarean section in central Ethiopia, 2022: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lonsako Arega Abebe , Mezmur Haymanot , Gebreyesus Arsema , Tolosa Gadissa , Girma Sagni 
Published: September 2023

Background
Timely initiation of breastfeeding reduces the risk of neonatal mortality. However, there was paucity of literature on the timely initiation of breastfeeding among women who gave birth by cesarean section (CS) in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of timely initiation of breastfeeding and factors associated with it among women who gave birth by CS in central Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 women who gave birth by CS. Data were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and observation checklist, entered into EpiData 4.6, and exported to statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26.Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed and statistical significance is declared at p<0.05.

Results
The magnitude of timely initiation of breastfeeding was 47.4% [95% CI: (42.5, 52.6)]. Attending four or more antenatal care visits [(AOR): 2.27, 95%CI: (1.28, 4.02)], counseling during antenatal care [AOR: 4.78, 95% CI: (2.66, 8.60)], early skin to skin contact with newborn [AOR: 2.83, 95% CI: (1.60, 5.02)], post-delivery counseling [AOR: 2.93, 95% CI: (1.56, 5.50)], and getting assistance from health professionals [AOR: 3.07, 95% CI: (1.64, 5.75)] were factors associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding.

Conclusions
The magnitude of timely initiation of breastfeeding in the study area was low. Strengthening counseling by health care practitioners during ANC and post-natal period should be prioritized to support women in initiating early skin-to-skin contact within one hour of birth is mandatory.
Feasibility and acceptability of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnancy for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes: A single-centre prospective mixed methods study
Authors: Kusinski Laura C. , Brown Joanne , Hughes Deborah J. , Meek Claire L. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Undiagnosed diabetes in pregnancy is associated with stillbirth and perinatal complications, but standard testing for gestational diabetes using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is impractical and exacerbates healthcare inequalities. There is an urgent need to improve the accuracy, acceptability and accessibility of glucose testing in pregnancy. We qualitatively assessed the feasibility and acceptability of two alternative home-based methods of glucose testing in pregnant women, using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), with or without a home-based OGTT.

Methods
We recruited women with a singleton pregnancy at 28 weeks’ gestation with ≥1 risk factor for gestational diabetes attending antenatal glucose testing. A Dexcom G6 CGM device was sited and women were asked to take a 75g OGTT solution (Rapilose) on day 4 after an overnight fast. Qualitative interviews were performed with 20 participants using video conferencing according to a semi-structured interview schedule and thematically analysed using NVIVO software.

Results
92 women were recruited; 73 also underwent a home OGTT. Women had an average of 6.9 days of glucose monitoring and found the CGM painless, easy to use with few or no adverse events. During the qualitative study, the main themes identified were reassurance and convenience. All women interviewed would recommend CGM and a home OGTT for diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

Conclusions
CGM with or without a home OGTT is feasible and acceptable to pregnant women for diagnosis of gestational diabetes and offered advantages of convenience and reassurance. Further work is needed to clarify diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes using CGM metrics.
Floating Test (Rossipal) for Screening Patients with Fat Malabsorption
Authors: Mustadjab I. , Soeparto Pitono , Karyadi Karyadi 
Published: September 2023

Floating test for fat malabsorption as outlined by Rossipal et al. has been done in 20 malnourished infants and in 25 infants suffering from minor illnesses who served as control.
Concomitant lipiodol absorption tests were also performed in the malnourished group.
Floating test seemed to be of use as screening test to establish the presence or absence of a definite steatorrhoea, but failed to determine the variations of abnormal fat absorption.
It can be used as an alternate to lipiodol absorption test where lipiodol is not available or difficult to obtain.
Diseases of the Teeth of Children Attending the Outpatient Department in the Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan
Authors: Siregar Zakaria , Siregar Helena , Aldy Dachrul 
Published: September 2023

Two surveys were conducted on children attending the Child Outpatient Department in the Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan, to know about the spectrum and prevalence of the diseases of the teeth, and also the comparison of carious teeth formation between breastfed with bottlefed infant and children.
The first survey was done in 1971 - 1973 on 18720 children, where 3000 (1 6.03%) of them had various dental diseases and abnormalities. We found that dental decay is prevailing at the age group of 3-8 years.
The second survey was done in December 1977 on 100 children under five year of age, of whom 54 had caries while 46 of them had caries resembling bottlefeeding caries. No dental caries were found on children who got breastfeeding until the age of 41 months; bottlefeeding in infancy influences carious teeth formation.
The production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus parasiticus in peanuts and walnuts under the influence of controlled temperature and water activity
Authors: Bukhari Syeda Hira , Asghar Muhammad Asif , Ahmed Farman , Jabeen Suraiya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The current study was designed to predict the response of Aspergillus parasiticus and AFB1 production as a function of temperature (25, 30, 35, 40 °C), water activity (a
w = 0.57, 0.90, 0.94, 0.96) and growth medium in peanuts and walnuts. The fungal growth, counted as infected nut kernels and AFB1 content was determined using HPLC. About 100 % kernels of peanut and walnut were infected with A. parasiticus at 30 °C with 0.96a
w. The maximum toxin was quantified at optimal 25 °C × 0.96a
w (4780 μg/kg) in walnuts and 30 °C × 0.96a
w (9100 μg/kg) in peanuts. Whereas, the temperatures (<20 °C or >40 °C) and a
w (<0.90) doesn’t provide a sufficient environment for the growth of these entities. Additionally, the sample growth medium was found another major factor that affects toxin production, along with environmental conditions. The regression model and two-way ANOVA indicate that temperature, a
w and commodity are the significant predictors (p < 0.05) for fungal growth and AFB1 production.
The Structure of Hippocampal CA1 Interactions Optimizes Spatial Coding across Experience
Authors: Nardin Michele , Csicsvari Jozsef , Tkačik Gašper , Savin Cristina 
Published: September 2023

Although much is known about how single neurons in the hippocampus represent an animal's position, how circuit interactions contribute to spatial coding is less well understood. Using a novel statistical estimator and theoretical modeling, both developed in the framework of maximum entropy models, we reveal highly structured CA1 cell-cell interactions in male rats during open field exploration. The statistics of these interactions depend on whether the animal is in a familiar or novel environment. In both conditions the circuit interactions optimize the encoding of spatial information, but for regimes that differ in the informativeness of their spatial inputs. This structure facilitates linear decodability, making the information easy to read out by downstream circuits. Overall, our findings suggest that the efficient coding hypothesis is not only applicable to individual neuron properties in the sensory periphery, but also to neural interactions in the central brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLocal circuit interactions play a key role in neural computation and are dynamically shaped by experience. However, measuring and assessing their effects during behavior remains a challenge. Here, we combine techniques from statistical physics and machine learning to develop new tools for determining the effects of local network interactions on neural population activity. This approach reveals highly structured local interactions between hippocampal neurons, which make the neural code more precise and easier to read out by downstream circuits, across different levels of experience. More generally, the novel combination of theory and data analysis in the framework of maximum entropy models enables traditional neural coding questions to be asked in naturalistic settings.
MODELO DE CLASE DE ÁTOMOS HELIOIDES - ANÁLISIS DE UNA REGULARIDAD EN LA ENERGÍA DEL ESTADO BASE DE LOS ÁTOMOS DE LA SERIE HELIOIDE
Authors: Martínez Tamayo Gustavo 
Published: September 2023

Cuando se aplicó anteriormente el modelo de Bohr para predecir la energía de estado fundamental de sistemas atómicos de dos electrones, se encontraron valores en exceso negativos de los reales, particularmente en las especies más livianas: ion negativo de hidrógeno y el helio. Inspirándose en el popular juego de las tronadoras y basándose en un comportamiento regular revelado por los datos experimentales, se propone una nueva interpretación ampliada del modelo de Bohr. Según éste, los electrones giran a una misma frecuencia mientras mantienen una posición angular relativa rígida entre sí, en el momento en que se espera que se produzca una resonancia electrónica entre posiciones simétricas en la estructura atómica. Como resultado, se obtiene una separación angular independiente de Z de 106° para los iones similares al helio, con una de discrepancia energética inferior al 0,04 % en el intervalo Z ≤ 12. La simplicidad de la imagen atómica que emerge anima a utilizar el modelo como ayuda didactica en física moderna, química-física y otros cursos universitarios de ciencia e ingeniería.
Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en gatos: una mirada molecular en ambientes urbanos de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Ríos–Usuga C. , Arias A. , Gómez D. , Pérez D. , Muñoz–Cadavid C. , Jaramillo–Delgado I. L. 
Published: September 2023

Los patógenos transmitidos por vectores en gatos, son agentes infecciosos que varían desde nematodos, protozoos y bacterias. El presente estudio retrospectivo de las bases de datos de 1418 felinos donde se evaluaron 9 agentes hemotrópicos mediante qPCR en la ciudad de Medellín entre julio 2021 y marzo 2022, se evidencia una frecuencia del 70%, con un porcentaje de animales infectados con uno, dos, o tres agentes del 56%, 14%, y 2.3%, respectivamente. Con una frecuencia para cada agente de: Ricketssia spp. 0.21%, Babesia spp. 0.35%, Erlichia spp. 0.49%, Dirolifaria spp. 0.64%, Anaplasma spp 0.7%, Hepatozoon spp 5.4%, Mycoplasma spp 24.4% y Bartonella spp. 37.9%. Las coinfecciones evidenciadas de dos agentes hemotrópicos fueron: Bartonella spp. y Mycoplasma spp. 7.9%, Bartonella spp. y Hepatozoon spp. 2.1%, Mycoplasma spp. y Hepatozoon spp. 2% y Ehrlichia spp. y Anaplasma spp. 0.5%. De los 15 hemogramas de felinos infectados, 11 de ellos presentaron hemogramas sin alteraciones significativas. Dos de los felinos positivos, evidencian anemia moderada y severa, y reticulocitos de 0.9% y 0.4%, respectivamente. Sólo un individuo positivo para Mycoplasma spp presentó trombocitopenia, y tres plaquetas en limites inferiores. Se concluye que la PCR es la prueba más confiable para el diagnóstico de hemotrópicos.
Sándor Petőfi es de todos: una reflexión a la hora de intentar traducir Nemzeti dal
Authors: Sánchez Alfonso Lombana , Lakatos-Báldy Zsuzsanna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Hungarian writer Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849) achieved the union of the Hungarian people thanks to the verses of his National Song (Nemzeti dal), which have always been quoted and recited with great interest. Therefore, the following paper aims to analyse some problems with the poem's translation into Spanish and present a new version of this emblematic poem for the Hungarians.
Peculiarities of suction, extraction and assignment of calcium in experimental chronic hepatitis in rats
Authors: Mogilevskaya Tatiana , Makarenko Olga , Khromagina Larissa 
Published: September 2023

The aim. Study the degree of absorption, assimilation, and excretion of calcium in rats with chronic toxic hepatitis.
Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 1 month old Wistar rats. Toxic hepatitis in the experimental group was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of hydrazine sulfate at a dose of 50 mg / kg twice a week. Studies of the absorption of substances in rats were carried out under thiopental anesthesia according to the Tyri method after 3 months of pathology modelling. In the intestinal contents, the amount of unabsorbed calcium and amino acids was determined. To determine the amount of assimilated and excreted calcium metabolic chambers were used for daily collection of urine, faeces and food residues, in which the calcium content was determined (average for three days per animal). After removing the rats from the experiment, the level of calcium in the blood serum was determined, in the bone tissue – the degree of its resorption by the activity of acid phosphatase and the content of calcium.
Results and discussion. Toxic hepatitis reduced calcium absorption by 34.5 % in the small intestine of rats and did not have a significant effect on amino acids, the inhibition of absorption of which in hepatitis was only 5.5 %. The excretion of calcium in the urine of rats with toxic hepatitis was reduced by 1.8 times, and with faeces, on the contrary, increased by 1.5 times. As a result, calcium absorption in rats with hepatitis decreased by 24.2 %. Decreased absorption of calcium, and its increased excretion in the faeces, led to a decrease in the level of this element in the blood of animals with hepatitis by 14.7 %. Our studies found bone destruction in rats with hepatitis: an increase in bone acid phosphatase activity by 65.3 % and a decrease in calcium levels by 15.5 %.
Conclusion. The triggering mechanism for the development of hepatic osteodystrophy is the inhibition of calcium absorption in the small intestine of rats with hepatitis, consequently - a decrease in its absorption and level in the blood, which ultimately leads to the activation of bone resorption. The established patterns will form the basis of the pathogenetic scheme for the prevention of hepatic osteodystrophy
Study of temperature changes in mineral fertiliser granules after contact with air in a granulation tower
Authors: Nadhem Al-Khyatt Muhamad , Sklabinskyi Vsevolod , Ostroha Ruslan , Skydanenko Maksym , Yukhymenko Mykola , Bocko Jozef , Ostroha Denys , Zabitsky Dmitry , Moskalchuk Oleksii , Serhiienko Andrii 
Published: September 2023

The object of research is the process of granulation of nitrogen mineral fertilizers by the method of sprinkling. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of certainty regarding the dynamics of the temperature change of the granule when it is cooled by air in the granulation tower. The paper considers the process of urea granulation using a rotating vibrating granulator. The scheme of the rotating vibrating granulator as part of the experimental stand for granulating liquid urea is presented, the method of conducting experimental studies and the design parameters of the granulator are described. It is indicated that in the process of experimental research, the temperatures of the melt, granules and cooling air were recorded. It is emphasized that the contact of the cooling air with the flow of hot granules leads to a constant increase in air temperature due to the heat transferred from the granules, which makes it necessary to determine the final temperature of the air leaving the granulation tower. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed and calculation equations were obtained to determine the temperature of the air in contact with the surface of the pellet and the temperature profile inside the pellet. Numerical calculations of the calculation equations made it possible to obtain temperature profiles of the granule along its radius. It is emphasized that the theoretically obtained temperature profile cannot be an accurate indicator of the real temperature of the pellet when it falls in the granulation tower. Analysis of the calculated results shows that the temperature of the granules in the lower part of the granulation tower is 60–62 °C. This temperature corresponds to the practically confirmed final temperature of the granule, which was measured on the experimental stand.