bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Prevention of Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study among Pregnant Females in Varanasi, India
Authors: Maheshwari Kalika , Kansal Sangeeta 
Published: July 2023

Background:
300 million individuals worldwide suffer from chronic HBV infection. India, an intermediate endemicity zone, has a 3-4% HBsAg prevalence in the general population and 0.9-11.2% among pregnant women. As 95% of infantile infections progress to chronicity, vertical transmission is a vital intervention area. To assess the knowledge of pregnant women and post-natal mothers concerning Hepatitis-B infection transmission and prevention.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 143 participants (124 pregnant females and 19 postnatal mothers) attending the antenatal clinic at the rural block primary health center. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Blood samples were evaluated for HBsAg using RAPIKIT. SPSS-22 was utilized for descriptive statistical analysis.

Results:
91.6% of respondents had heard of Hepatitis. 1.4% stated that it can be caused by a virus, whereas 40% identified consumption of oily, spicy, and unhygienic food as causative. 67.1% of respondents underwent blood tests but could not specify what they were screened for. 5.2% were HBsAg positive. ~40% were aware of vertical transmission. 59.4% of respondents were unaware of any preventive modality, and 7.7% said vaccination is preventive. 97.9% had never been counseled during their antenatal period by health workers. 41.1% said that their newborns were vaccinated within 24 hours of birth.

Conclusion:
Findings emphasize the paucity of knowledge possessed by pregnant women and post-natal mothers concerning Hepatitis B causation, transmission, and prevention regardless of age, education, or socioeconomic status. Misconceptions were prevalent, and counseling was inadequate.
Prevalence, Pattern, and Predictors of Ever Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Diabetes and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Walia Parteek , Kumari Ranjeeta , Singh Mahendra 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as a pandemic globally and the situation is worse for developing nations. The four major NCDs that are responsible for a major proportion of mortality across the globe are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes. For a country with limited resources, an integrated approach toward the management of NCDs is of particular importance. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are those health-care and medical practices that are not currently an integral part of conventional medicine system. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of CAM use among patients with NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, or both).

Materials and Methods:
A health-facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at different levels of government health-care facilities in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. CAM categories included alternative medical systems, mind–body intervention, biologically based therapies, manipulative and body-based methods, and energy therapies. Additionally, jhaad phook/local healers were also included in our study.

Results:
The study showed that 41% of all the study participants were ever users of CAM. While most of the users were practicing more than one type of CAM, the most common type of CAM practiced was alternative medicine system (83.3%) followed by mind–body medicine (40.2%). Except religion and place of residence of the study participant, no other factor showed a significant association with ever usage of CAM.

Conclusion:
CAM use was popular among study participants as almost half of them were using/consuming it and alternative medicine system was the most common type of CAM practiced.
The Out-of-pocket Expenditures Incurred during Neonatal Hospitalization in a Public Hospital in Tamil Nadu - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumaravel K. S , Anurekha V , Palanivelraja T , Gobinathan S , Gowri M , Ramya S 
Published: July 2023

Background:
For effective policy making, it is important to understand out of pocket costs incurred in neonatal admissions in public hospitals. This cross sectional study was conducted with an objective to estimate out of pocket expenses expended on neonates and attenders during neonatal hospitalizations in a tertiary care referral hospital.

Material and Methods:
The data were collected using a pretested and semi structured questionnaire in 298 neonates during July’2022. Expenditures were reported as median values with interquartile range (IQR) and compared using the Kruskal Wallis test.

Result:
On analyzing the results, there were no direct medical costs. The median cost spent on food per day, transport during the stay, non medical expenses per day, and total expenses per day were Rs. 300 (IQR 200, 500), Rs. 1000 (500, 1500), Rs. 500 (333, 896), and Rs. 1080 (800, 1533), respectively. Higher expenses were associated with preterm, low birth weight, neonatal seizures, and longer stay (P values <0.001, 0.028, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). About 9.39% and 1% of the families were found to be catastrophic health expenditures at 10% and 25% threshold levels, respectively.

Conclusion:
To conclude, all the direct medical costs were borne by the caregiver. However, some non medical and indirect costs are associated with neonatal hospitalizations in public hospitals and cash benefit schemes can offset them.
Smokeless Tobacco as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South East Asia Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sawane Harshawardhan B. , Shetiya Sahana H. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder of which prevalence has been increasing steadily all over the world. There is a need of understanding the role of tobacco products in diabetes mellitus, especially smokeless tobacco (ST) products.

Objective:
To analyze if ST is a determinant for T2DM among patients in South East Asia Region (SEAR) and secondly to obtain the pooled prevalence of use of ST in T2DM patients/participants from these studies.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Scopus are the databases that were searched to find desired manuscripts, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria to undertake this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA). Meta-analysis was carried out to determine the pooled effect size for the odds ratio of ST use in T2DM with 95% CI. MedCalc statistical software was used followed by the DerSimonian and Laird method under the random effect model.

Results:
A total of 8 manuscripts were involved in the systematic review and 7 in the meta-analysis. Odds of 1.39 indicating increased frequency of using ST among T2DM patients or survey participants was observed, which was not significant with C.I. 95% (0.843–2.288) and P < 0.001 with high heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of use of ST in T2DM is 24.08% (CI 15.67 to 33.64) under random effect model with I2 inconsistency of 97.16% in 8 studies from India and Bangladesh.

Conclusion:
This pooled analysis shows that ST use is not a risk factor for T2DM. The number of studies included in the SRMA from SEAR is limited having no representation from Myanmar, Bhutan, Timor Leste, and Sri Lanka.
The Impacts of Heat Stress on the Cognitive Performance Parameters of Taxi Drivers
Authors: Dabaghi Elahe , Dehghan Habibollah , Shakerian Mahnaz 
Published: July 2023

Aim:Cognitive function factors have been reported as an effective factor in the incidence of traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on the cognitive performance parameters of taxi drivers.Materials and Methods:This prospective cohort study was performed on 29 taxi drivers in both winter and summer. The parameters studied in this study were precision, speed of work, attention, short-term auditory memory, concentration skills, mental fatigue, the wet bulb glob temperature index, and the thermal comfort parameters.Results:The mean and standard deviation of drivers age was 52.24 ± 8.28 years. People's performance in terms of speed, precision, number of errors, and attention in the summer morning shift was better than the winter evening shift, but these parameters dropped sharply in the evening shift in the summer. There was a statitistically significant difference between these parameters in the morning and evening of summer (P< 0.05).Conclusion:The results of this study showed that heat stress reduces the precision, speed of work and attention and increases the number of errors and mental fatigue of drivers. Therefore, it is necessary to plan to improve the working conditions of drivers to prevent the reduction of drivers' cognitive performance and improve driving conditions.
Predictors, prevalence, and patterns of cyberbullying among school-going children and adolescents
Authors: Ranjith Prabhu James , Vranda Mysore Narasimaha , Kishore M. Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Background:Cyberbullying is a major health issue across the globe as it affects the mental health and well-being of the victims, especially children and adolescents, since there is a dearth of studies in the Indian setting. This study aimed to understand the predictors, patterns, prevalence, mental health problems, and coping of cyberbullying among adolescents.Methods:The study adopted a cross-sectional explorative design with 484 adolescents studying in 8thto 12thstandards recruited through convenient sampling. The Cyberbullying Online Aggression Survey Instrument (COASI), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Coping with Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CWCBQ), and Internet usage pattern were administered to collect the data. Multinomial logistic regression was used to find the predictors of the only cyber-victim, only cyber-offending, and both cyber-victim and cyber-offending.Results:The findings showed that 14.5% of teenagers were victims of cyberbullying, 5.8% were offenders, and 13.8% were both victims and offenders. The predictors for “cyber-victimization” were father’s education and religion. The predictors of “cyber-offenders” were grade, Internet usage, and father’s occupation. Adolescents identified as both cyber-victims and cyber-offenders were predicted by gender, grade, religion, and father’s employment.Conclusion:The study indicated a high prevalence of cyber-victimization and cyber-offending among adolescents with many psychosocial risk factors. The findings highlighted the need for a school-based cyberbullying intervention program to address the issues using a whole-school approach.
Lived-in experiences of health care professionals affected with COVID-19
Authors: Govindan Radhakrishnan , Gandhi Sailaxmi , Nattala Prasanthi , Rajeswari Bingi 
Published: July 2023

Background and Objective:
Healthcare providers (HCPs) were vital during the COVID-19 pandemic. The healthcare providers affected by COVID-19 underwent various life changing events while continuing their profession during the pandemic. This study is aimed to explore the lived-in experiences of HCPs affected by COVID-19 at a tertiary care Mental Health Institute in India.

Materials and Methods:
The sampling method was purposive. Twenty two HCPs (eight nursing educators, seven nursing officers, five contractual cleaning workers, and two laboratory technicians) participated in the interviews conducted by the researchers to obtain the lived-in experiences of HCPs who have recovered from COVID-19. Researchers used a sociodemographic form and an interview guide to collect the data. Interviews were audio recorded and analyzed by using Atlas-ti-9 software.

Results:
All the participants were female, and they revealed various physical, psychological, and social issues faced by HCPs while balancing home and workplace. Thematic data analysis resulted in the emergence of two themes and 11 subthemes related to life changing events.

Conclusion:
The findings concluded that although the healthcare providers had working experience in the field of mental health, they too experienced mild psychological issues like anxiety, depression, and fear of death because of this pandemic situation.
Somatic symptoms in schizophrenia: Association with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, disability and quality of life
Authors: Sood Mamta , Ganesh Ragul , Mahapatra Ananya , Verma Rohit , Chadda Rakesh K. 
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims:There is lack of research on somatic symptoms in schizophrenia. We aimed at finding prevalence and types of somatic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and assessed their association with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.Methods:We assessed somatic symptoms using Patient Health Questionnaire–15 (PHQ-15) in 93 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed on ICD10-DCR. Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, WHO Quality of Life (BREF) Hindi version and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side-Effect Rating Scale were used to assess psychopathology, disability, quality of life and side effects.Results:Significant somatic symptoms (n ≥5 on PHQ-15) were present in 62 (67.7%) patients with schizophrenia. Forty three (69.4%) had mild (n= 5-9 on PHQ-15), 17 (27.4%) had moderate (n= 10-14 on PHQ-15), and only 2 (3.2%) had severe (n= ≥15 on PHQ -15) somatic symptoms. Mean somatic symptoms score on PHQ-15 was 7.28 (± 3.83); 96.8% reported feeling tired, 76.3% had constipation or diarrhoea, 67.7% trouble in sleeping, 61.3% nausea or indigestion, 52.7% back pain and 51.6% headache. Patients with somatic symptoms were older in age, had longer duration of illness and treatment, and had more negative symptoms. They had higher disability and poor quality of life especially in physical domain.Conclusion:Somatic symptoms are common in patients with schizophrenia and are associated with chronicity, refractoriness and negative symptoms, significant disability and poor quality of life. Thus during routine clinical practice, somatic symptoms should be assessed and managed in these patients.
Brief intervention to enhance cessation of smokeless tobacco use in newly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancers: A randomized controlled trial in patient-relative dyads
Authors: Tikka Sai Krishna , Shukla Avinash , Arora Ripu D. , Singh Sharda , Mahant Supriya , Verma Sachin , Singh Lokesh K. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:Tobacco use is a major causative factor for head and neck cancers (HNC). Continued use of tobacco even after cancer diagnosis is common and is associated with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality, cancer recurrence and poor treatment response. Evidence suggests that behavioral interventions, help achieve greater smoking cessation rates in HNC patients. However, intervention studies focussed on HNC patients using smokeless tobacco, which is more common than smoking in India, are sparse.Materials and Methods:We conducted a parallel arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) on dyads of patients with recently diagnosed HNC and a close relative. The experimental arm received a brief tobacco cessation intervention (BTCI) and the control arm received treatment as usual (TAU); 27 and 25 dyads in each arm completed the trial.Results:Overall for the dyads using SLT, the relative risk of continuing to use SLT was 3.23 times higher (odds ratio = 7.01) if BTCI was not undertaken at one-month follow-up and 4.43 times higher (odds ratio = 8.65) at 3-months follow-up. For patients only, the relative risk of continuing to use SLT at one-month and 3-months follow-ups was 4.99 and 12.04 times higher, respectively, if BTCI was not undertaken. For relatives only, the corresponding relative risk values were 2.14 and 2.2.Conclusion:We conclude that BTCI delivered to patient-relative dyads, compared to TAU, is effective in enhancing the discontinuation rates of the use of SLT in newly diagnosed patients with HNC. This form of intervention is significantly effective for discontinuing SLT use in the relatives too.
Disability and its correlates among persons with bipolar disorder: Exploratory findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study)
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Avasthi Ajit , Chakravarty Rahul , Dan Amitava , Chakraborty Kaustav , Neogi Rajarshi , Desouza Avinash , Nayak Omkar , Praharaj Samir Kumar , Menon Vikas , Deep Raman , Bathla Manish , Subramanyam Alka A. , Nebhinani Naresh , Ghosh Prasonjit , Lakdawala Bhavesh , Bhattacharya Ranjan 
Published: July 2023

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the disability and its correlates in persons with Bipolar Disorder during the remission phase.

Materials and Methods:
As part of the multicentric study, 773 patients with bipolar disorder, currently in clinical remission, were evaluated for disability on the Indian Disability Assessment Evaluation Scale.

Results:
About one-fifth of the participants had some level of disability in the domain of self-care, one-third had some level of disability in the interpersonal domain, one-fourth had some level of disability in communication and understanding, and a maximum proportion (43.7%) had some disability in the domain of work. Overall, about one-fifth (18.4%) were considered to have a benchmark disability (i.e., disability >40%). In terms of correlates, those with a disability had a short duration of current remission, a higher number of manic and mixed episodes, a higher mean number of total episodes, spent more time in the episodes, had lower severity of the depressive episodes, higher residual depressive and manic symptoms, had overall higher manic affective morbidity, had a higher level of cognitive deficits, and had poorer insight.

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of patients with bipolar disorder have disability in work domain, and the presence of residual symptoms of either polarity are associated with higher level of disability.
Management of adnexal cyst in an adolescent through the principles of Mutravaha srotorodha: An experience
Authors: Prajitha P. K. , Dhiman Kamini 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Adnexal cysts are any fluid-filled sac-like structures involved in the adnexa. These may include ovarian cysts as well as paraovarian cysts. Often, these cysts are physiological and regress under conservative therapy. The persistence of cysts is an indication of surgery. According to Ayurveda, Granthi (~nodular swelling) or sac like structures develop in female reproductive system due to accumulation of Kleda (~moistening). The improper excretion of Kleda is often due to Mutravaha srotorodha (~obstructive pathology of the urinary tract). Hence, Kledahara (~treatment for excess fluid accumulation), Lekhana (~therapeutic scrapping), and Shophahara (~treatment of swelling) drugs with specific action on Mutravaha srotas (~urinary tract) were found to be promising. In the present case report, an adolescent girl with an adnexal cyst (paraovarian cyst) of 5.3 cm × 4.8 cm (volume: 62.7 ml) non-responsive to allopathic treatment was diagnosed as Granthi in Sroni pradesha (~female pelvic region) associated with Mutravaha srotorodha. She was treated with internal medicines (Gokshuradi guggulu, Chandraprabha vati, Samshamani vati, Usheerasava, and Punarnavasava) for a period of four months from January 2, 2021 to April 13, 2021, and further from June 15, 2021 to July 05, 2021. Ultrasonography report after the completion of treatment showed no evidence of cyst. This case report provides some encouraging leads toward applying Ayurveda principles in the management of conditions such as adnexal cysts.
Shirodhara and Abhyanga for better sleep, reduced mental stress, and improved heart rate variability: A case report
Authors: Javed Danish , Anwar Sana , Gupta Divya , Dhama Yudhveer 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Mental stress and insomnia are very common complaints nowadays among young individuals. Stress not only impacts mental well-being but it is also responsible for poor cardiac activity. A 32-year-old male patient having mental stress, anxiety, fatigue, and insomnia was managed with Ayurvedic External Therapy Module (AETM) having Shirodhara (~therapeutic oil streaming over the scalp), Sarvanga abhyanga (~therapeutic massage), and Sarvanga swedana (~sudation therapy) sessions of one hour duration daily for ten days. The patient was evaluated for cardiovascular and autonomic changes in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) by HRV camera smartphone application, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Score for mental stress. The results found excellent changes in HRV time domain and frequency domain, a decrease in low-to-high frequency ratio suggesting parasympathetic activation, a 46.15% reduction in global PSQI score, and a 55.56% reduction in PSS score. This case study suggests that AETM sessions are not only effective in decreasing mental stress and improving sleep quality, but it also improves cardiac parameters.
Management and outcome of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bera Rathindra N. , Tandon Sapna , Singh Akhilesh K. , Boojar Fargol M. A. , Jaiswal Gaurav , Borse Shraddha , Pal Uma S. , Sharma Naresh K. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Management of locally advanced OSCC is multimodal. No single therapy has been proved to be efficacious. However there is a trend towards surgical intervention in operable disease. In this review we appraise the various therapies used for the management of locally advanced OSCC. We review the literature with regards to the various treatment options for locally advanced OSCC. We categorically divided the manuscript into resectable, unresectable and technically unresectable disease. Surgery is the ideal treatment modality for resectable disease. For unresectable disease concurrent chemoradiation appears to improve survival compared to radiotherapy alone. Induction therapy might downstage tumors in the unresectable category. Targeted and Immunotherapy is reserved for recurrent, metastatic or platinum refractory OSCC. Management of locally advanced OSCC is multimodal with surgery playing the primary role. In the event where the tumor is in operable concurrent chemoradiotherapy is regarded as the best treatment modality. Induction chemotherapy currently cannot be recommended for resectable or even unresectable oral squamous cell carcinomas. However for technically unresectable disease it might play a role in improving respectability but it depends on the response of the tumor. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy is currently used for recurrent, metastatic and/or platinum refractory Head and Neck cancers. Currently it is not recommended for initial management of locally advanced disease.