bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of cannabinoids content in light cannabis inflorescences sold in France
Authors: Fabresse Nicolas , Faltot Marc , Roux Perrine , Becam Jenny , Doudon Emilie , Lacarelle Bruno , Solas Caroline , Pelissier‐Alicot Anne‐Laure 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the last 2 years, the number of shops selling CBD‐rich THC‐deprived cannabis flowers (CrTd) has increased considerably in France as in many European countries. The objective of this study was to determine the actual composition of the samples sold in these stores and to discuss regulatory consequences that may affect users. Samples were provided from shops in the region Provence‐Alpes Cote d'Azur (PACA), France. Pictures of the samples were taken before they were weighed then crushed. Twenty milligrams were diluted in 10 ml heptane ethyl acetate (7:1; v:v) for analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The method was validated according to SWGTOX guidelines for the quantification of cannabidiol (CBD), delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN). Thirty‐nine samples obtained between November 2021 and January 2022 in the PACA region were analyzed in this study. Mean content was 0.32% (0.03%–0.77%; STDV = 0.17%; n = 39) for THC, 2.23% (0.01%–5.97%; STDV = 1.29%; n = 39) for CBD and 0.01% (0.004%–0.025%; STDV = 0.01%; n = 19) for CBN. THC content over the threshold defined by the European legislation (>0.3%) was found in 18 of the 39 samples analyzed together with a CBD content <1% in nine samples (23%). None of the products analyzed had health risk messages on the packaging. The consumption of these products may lead to the presence of THC in biological fluids, which can be detected by screening. Users may then find themselves in breach of the law particularly when driving. Consumers should therefore be informed both about the actual composition of these products and about the legal and health risks they run.
The role of reed management and habitat quality on brood parasitism and chick survival of the brood parasitic Common Cuckoo
Authors: Mérő Thomas Oliver , Žuljević Antun , Lengyel Szabolcs 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite efforts on ecosystem restoration and management, biodiversity loss remains one of the major environmental concerns of our time. Beyond the focus on threatened species, animals that indicate regional biodiversity hotspots and population trends, such as brood parasites, should also be targeted by conservation actions. We studied how reed habitat quality and management influence brood parasitism rate and offspring survival in Common Cuckoos Cuculus canorus parasitizing nests of Great Reed Warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus in six reed habitats in an intensive agricultural landscape. Data collected from 45 sites over 13 years showed that the brood parasitism rate was highest on large canals and was positively influenced by the availability of potential perches (Cuckoo vantage points) and the height where host nests were built. Cuckoo chick survival decreased with water depth and was not affected by other factors. Our results suggest that the habitat‐dependent detectability of host nests was central in brood parasitism rate and that water level was central in Cuckoo chick survival. Our study shows that a maintenance of intermediate water levels is the most optimal for maintaining Cuckoo populations in intensive agricultural landscapes. Because brood parasites are excellent bioindicators as their presence predicts regional hotspots of taxonomic and functional diversity as well as population trends in bird communities, knowledge on their habitat requirements is relevant in management targeting diverse bird communities.
Near‐surface temperatures and potential for frost weathering in blockfields in Norway and Svalbard
Authors: Peter Maria , Andersen Jane Lund , Nixon Francis Chantel , Etzelmüller Bernd , Westermann Sebastian , Fredin Ola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBlockfields remain enigmatic regarding their origin, internal structure, surface processes, and glaciological implications. In Scandinavia, blockfields are found on high‐elevation, low‐relief mountains (plateaus) across the Arctic and Subarctic. In this study, we present a 1D numerical model that uses near‐surface temperatures measured between summer 2018 and summer 2020 to calculate frost‐cracking intensities (FCI) within the ground column in three different blockfields in Norway and Svalbard. Eighty‐nine miniature temperature loggers were distributed on Tron Mountain (1650 m a.s.l.) in Alvdal, Gamlemsveten (780 m a.s.l.) near Ålesund in southwestern Norway and on Platåberget (460 m a.s.l.) near Longyearbyen, Svalbard. We modelled FCI by scaling the time spent in the frost cracking window (between −3 and −8°C) with the temperature gradient and a penalty function for distance to available water. At Tron and Gamlemsveten, ground temperatures never reached the frost cracking window at one third of our sites due to insulation by a thick snow cover in depressions and on the lee sides of summits. The highest FCI (0.05–0.4 K m) are obtained where the subsurface consists of boulders and stones in a matrix of relatively fine sediment (sand, silt, gravel). In contrast, very low FCI (0.003–0.02 K m) were modelled for blocky layers with large air‐filled pores because of the low water availability. On Platåberget, all sensors reached the frost‐cracking window during the annual temperature cycle, but FCI are extremely low (0.0004–0.15 K m) as water availability is limited due to (i) permafrost and (ii) near‐surface temperatures remaining below the frost‐cracking window for 3/4 of the year. This indicates that boulder‐rich blockfields with air‐filled hollows are preserved in very cold climates, whereas warmer, maritime settings with higher availability of fine interstitial material place blockfields in the fast lane for frost weathering.
Toxicity of Zinc to Aquatic Life in Tropical Freshwaters of Low Hardness
Authors: Trenfield Melanie A. , Walker Samantha L. , Tanneberger Claudia , Harford Andrew J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a metal of potential concern for a uranium mine whose receiving waters are in the World-Heritage listed Kakadu National Park in northern Australia. The chronic toxicity of Zn was assessed using seven tropical species in extremely soft freshwater from a creek upstream of the mine. Sensitivity to Zn was as follows (most sensitive to least sensitive based on 10% effect concentrations [EC10s]): mussel Velesunio angasi &gt; gastropod Amerianna cumingi &gt; fish Mogurnda mogurnda &gt; cladoceran Moinodaphnia macleayi &gt; green hydra Hydra viridissima &gt; green alga Chlorella sp. &gt; duckweed Lemna aequinoctialis, with EC10s (&lt;0.45 µm filtered fraction) ranging from 21 to 320 µg/L Zn and EC50s ranging from 52 to 1867 µg/L Zn. These data were used to inform the risk assessment for the rehabilitation of the mine-site and contribute to the global Zn dataset. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:679–683. © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry © 2023 SETAC.
Technologies of protest in Irish abortion activism
Authors: McCaffrey Brenna 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIn the decades before the historic legalization of abortion in the Republic of Ireland in 2018, activists used creative methods to educate, agitate, and advocate for changes in abortion law and access. In the 2000s, the availability of the “abortion pills,” mifepristone and misoprostol, began to affect patterns of illegal abortion access, as well as the methods of protest used by those advocating for legal abortion. This article examines protest actions orchestrated by Irish abortion activists from 2014 to 2018 that used abortion pills as technologies of protest. I argue that abortion pill protests introduced a new “protest logic” to abortion activism, both in Ireland and around the world (De Zordo, Mishtal, and Anton 2017). By using abortion pills as a central object in public protests, activists repackaged abortion pills from “technologies of access” to “technologies of protest.” These new tactics were not without controversy. I suggest that the conflicts that emerged from abortion pill protests helped shape new activist claims about abortion access and ultimately led to positive social and legislative change. As abortion pill use increases globally in the face of growing restrictions, the use of pills as technologies of protest will continue to affect abortion activism and other social movements.
Identification of volatile and nonvolatile compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride using GC–MS, UPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap‐MS, and HPLC‐PDA
Authors: Li Jingxuan , Zou Shiqi , Yang Wanling , Peng Mengdie , Chen Baizhong , Deng Jinji , Wei Minyan , Zheng Guodong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC–MS), ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatograph‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap‐MS), and high‐performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC–PDA) were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the chemical component of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride “Geqingpi” (GQP). First of all, the volatile components of GQP are identified by GC–MS. Totally 56 volatile components were determined, and γ‐Terpinene (33.39%) and D‐Limonene (22.95%) were the main terpenes. Secondly, UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap‐MS was used for identifying nonvolatile compositions and 42 compositions were identified totally, including 23 flavonoids, nine organic acids, three coumarins, two alkaloids compounds, and five other compounds, among which nine of the determined constituents were detected for the first time in GQP. Thirdly, the content of seven main constituents in GQP was quantitatively analyzed via HPLC‐PDA, which were synephrine, hesperidin, limonin, nobiletin, HMF, tangeretin, and 5‐HPMF. Further investigation for quantitative analysis of seven bioactive compounds suggested that the concentration of hesperidin in GQP approximately was 16.0% (160.78 ± 0.95 mg·g−1), which was far higher than the standard for identification and quality control of CRPV in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) that “the content of hesperidin shall not be less than 5.0%.” The phytochemicals of GQP were elucidated in this study, which might be supporting information for identification between GQP and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride “Sihuaqingpi” (SHQP) and provided a scientific basis for the further active ingredient for pharmacological research and development prospects of GQP.
Mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is an essential regulator in cell cycle progression of optic nerve head astrocytes
Authors: Wan Yue , Wang Haiping , Fan Xiaowei , Bao Jiayu , Wu Shen , Liu Qian , Yan Xuejing , Zhang Jingxue , Jin Zi‐bing , Xiao Bailong , Wang Ningli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOptic nerve head (ONH) astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support to neuronal axons in developmental, physiological, and pathological progression. Mechanosensitive properties of astrocytes allow them to sense and respond to mechanical cues from the local environment. We confirmed that ONH astrocytes express the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in vivo. By manipulating Piezo1 knockdown or overexpression in vitro, we found that Piezo1 is necessary but insufficient for ONH astrocyte proliferation. Loss of Piezo1 can lead to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, a possible mechanism involving decreased yes‐associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization and downregulation of YAP‐target cell cycle‐associated factors, including cyclin D1 and c‐Myc. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of differential expression genes from RNA‐seq data indicates that the absence of Piezo1 affects biological processes involving cell division. Our results demonstrate that Piezo1 is an essential regulator in cell cycle progression in ONH astrocytes.
On the solution of games with arbitrary payoffs: An application to an over‐the‐counter financial market
Authors: Kollias Iraklis , Leventides John , Papavassiliou Vassilios G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper defines a variety of game theoretic solution concepts in the language of soft set theory. We begin by defining the Nash equilibrium in pure strategies. We assume that the gains of the players are totally ordered and non‐desirable alternatives are absent. Moreover, we introduce the notions of strong and semi‐strong utility. These two completely new notions, serve as a mechanism for converting non‐ordered gains into totally ordered ones. We define the Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies in a general framework by introducing the notion of an extended game and strategy space. We finally define the Nash solution to cooperative bargaining games within the framework of soft set theory, illustrate a practical application to an over‐the‐counter financial market, and provide a detailed numerical example.
Charting a new path forward for pharmacy residency expansion
Authors: McFarland M. Shawn , Stover Kayla R. , Bhat Shubha , Coon Scott , Cooper Mandelin , DiDomenico Robert , Herbert Sophia , Kessler Sarah , Lee Michelle , Maddox Mary Margaret , Quidley April Miller , Rhoney Denise , Wooten Leslie , Zhou Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA core component of the vision of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) for the profession is that most pharmacists will provide direct patient care. Residency training programs are considered a prerequisite to meet the standards and competencies required for pharmacists providing direct patient care. Barriers to residency training expansion are numerous and include, but are not limited to, lack of funding, challenges in meeting accreditation standards for residency programs, limited practice sites, and lack of qualified preceptors. The demand for postgraduate year one (PGY1) and postgraduate year two (PGY2) pharmacy residency training has exceeded position availability over the past 10 years. The American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) Foundation Pharmacy Forecast 2021 predicts pharmacy expansion within ambulatory care, population health, specialty pharmacy, and home care. To promote pharmacy residency expansion and maintenance of pharmacy residency quality, this commentary makes four recommendations with specific actions for consideration: develop preceptors and promote board certification, promote and foster innovation in residency training, expand residency training to address health equity with a focus on rural/underserved areas, and expand nontraditional residency training programs.
The effect of solvent on determining highest occupied molecular orbital energies of semiconducting organic molecules: Insight from a combined computational approach
Authors: Kramer Aaron , Pachter Ruth , Hsu Julia W. P. , Vandenberghe William G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in solution have been widely used to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO) of semiconducting organic molecules, an understanding of the experimentally observed discrepancies due to the solvent used is lacking. To explain these differences, we investigate the solvent effects on EHOMO by combining density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations for four donor molecules with a common backbone moiety. We compare the experimental EHOMO values to the calculated values obtained from either implicit or first solvation shell theories. We find that the first solvation shell method can capture the EHOMO variation arising from the functional groups in solution, unlike the implicit method. We further applied the first solvation shell method to other semiconducting organic molecules measured in solutions for different solvents. We find that the EHOMO obtained using an implicit method is insensitive to solvent choice. The first solvation shell, however, produces EHOMO values that are sensitive to solvent choices and agrees with published experimental results. The solvent sensitivity arises from a hierarchy of three effects: (1) the solute electronic state within a surrounding dielectric continuum, (2) ambient temperature or solvent atoms changing the solute geometry, and (3) electronic interactions between the solute and solvents. The implicit method, on the other hand, only captures the effect of a dielectric environment. Our findings suggest that EHOMO obtained by CV measurements should account for the influence of solvent when the results are reported, interpreted, or compared to other molecules.
Dynamic loading leads to increased metabolic activity and spatial redistribution of viable cell density in nucleus pulposus tissue
Authors: Salzer Elias , Mouser Vivian H. M. , Bulsink Jurgen A. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Ito Keita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNucleus pulposus (NP) cell density is orchestrated by an interplay between nutrient supply and metabolite accumulation. Physiological loading is essential for tissue homeostasis. However, dynamic loading is also believed to increase metabolic activity and could thereby interfere with cell density regulation and regenerative strategies. The aim of this study was to determine whether dynamic loading could reduce the NP cell density by interacting with its energy metabolism.MethodsBovine NP explants were cultured in a novel NP bioreactor with and without dynamic loading in milieus mimicking the pathophysiological or physiological NP environment. The extracellular content was evaluated biochemically and by Alcian Blue staining. Metabolic activity was determined by measuring glucose and lactate in tissue and medium supernatants. A lactate‐dehydrogenase staining was performed to determine the viable cell density (VCD) in the peripheral and core regions of the NP.ResultsThe histological appearance and tissue composition of NP explants did not change in any of the groups. Glucose levels in the tissue reached critical values for cell survival (≤0.5 mM) in all groups. Lactate released into the medium was increased in the dynamically loaded compared to the unloaded groups. While the VCD was unchanged on Day 2 in all regions, it was significantly reduced in the dynamically loaded groups on Day 7 (p ≤ 0.01) in the NP core, which led to a gradient formation of VCD in the group with degenerated NP milieu and dynamic loading (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionIt was demonstrated that dynamic loading in a nutrient deprived environment similar to that during IVD degeneration can increase cell metabolism to the extent that it was associated with changes in cell viability leading to a new equilibrium in the NP core. This should be considered for cell injections and therapies that lead to cell proliferation for treatment of IVD degeneration.
Black bear density and habitat use variation at the Sierra Nevada‐Great Basin Desert transition
Authors: Sultaire Sean M. , Kawai‐Harada Yuki , Kimmel Ashley , Greeson Emily M. , Jackson Patrick J. , Contag Christopher H. , Lackey Carl W. , Beckmann Jon P. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the first 2 decades of the twenty‐first century, American black bear (Ursus americanus) populations rebounded with range expansions into areas where the species was previously extirpated. While there are a number of factors that limit range expansion, habitat quality and availability are among the most important. Such factors may be particularly important in western Nevada, USA, at the transition zone of the Sierra Nevada and the Great Basin Desert. We deployed a multi‐faceted data collection system including motion‐sensitive cameras, noninvasive hair sampling and genotyping, and global positioning system (GPS) tracking. We analyzed data using spatial capture‐recapture to estimate population density and dynamic occupancy models to estimate habitat use. Black bear habitat use and density were substantially higher in the Sierra Nevada than the Great Basin Desert and had strong positive relationships with the presence of conifer land cover in the transition zone. The average black bear density was >4 times higher in the mixed‐conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada (12.4 bears/100 km2) than in desert mountain ranges with piñon (Pinus monophylla)‐juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodland (2.7 bears/100 km2). The low‐elevation shrub and grassland portions of the study area had even lower estimated black bear density (0.6 bears/100 km2) and probability of use (0.03, 95% CI = 0.00–0.09). Across these spatially variable configurations in black bear density, we estimated the population size to be 418 individuals (95% CI = 239–740). Declining density towards the range edge, coupled with a relatively stable range of black bears in Nevada observed since 2000, suggests that further species range expansion into the western Great Basin may be limited by habitat quality and availability.
Responses of root water uptake to soil water dynamics for three revegetation species on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Chen Guangjie , Meng Tingfang , Wu Wenjie , Zhang Ji‘na , Tao Ze , Wang Naijiang , Si Bingcheng , Li Min , Feng Hao , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn water‐limited ecosystems, soil water regulates root water uptake (RWU) strategies. However, RWU responses to soil water changes under different species are not well‐understood. We assessed RWU responses of three revegetation species [shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.), coniferous forest [Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco], and broad‐leaved forest (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) during the dry (May to June) and rainy (July to August) seasons in 2020 on the Loess Plateau using stable isotope methods. We sampled soil and xylem for each species at approximately weekly intervals and used the MixSIAR model to quantify RWU contribution with stable water isotopes. The results indicated that soil water in the shallow (0–40 cm) and middle (40–200 cm) soil layers fluctuated more strongly than the deep soil layer (200–300 cm) due to precipitation and evapotranspiration. Before precipitation in the dry season, most of the RWU for H. rhamnoides and R. pseudoacacia (97% and 98%) came from the middle layer under limited soil water. After precipitation in the dry season, the three species had similar RWU responses to soil water changes. After precipitation in the rainy season, the RWU change of H. rhamnoides and R. pseudoacacia with deep soil drying was more sensitive to soil water change than P. orientalis with sufficient deep water on August 3 and 11, while, the RWU of H. rhamnoides was more sensitive to soil water change than R. pseudoacacia on August 11 and 19. Thus, by switching its water‐use strategy, H. rhamnoides adapted better to the soil water environment than P. orientalis and R. pseudoacacia. This finding will help in selecting the optimal revegetation species for water use in a changing climate environment.
Public health reimagined
Authors: Abel Julian , Kellehear Allan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis essay offers a critical assessment and reflection on the field of public health based on policy directions and themes gleaned from the historical story of John Snow and the Broad Street pump in 19th century London and recent international responses to Covid‐19. Dominant public health strategies, especially for infectious disease emergencies, demonstrate a persistent tendency towards authoritarian claims about science that marginalise concerns about human rights, showing disregard for interprofessional and partnership working, antipathy toward critical voices and a retreat into old ideas about death and dying as medical failure. There is also neglect of the fundamental importance of social relationships as a primary source of health and well‐being. Recommendations for a more positive approach for the future of public health are made. These include restoration of, and recommitment to, partnership working with communities, experiential literacy, the prioritising of social support and incentives over negative sanctions, and the acknowledgement and support of end‐of‐life experiences as a focus for special and overdue public health attention. These suggestions advocate for the application of ‘new’ public health priorities to address and rebalance the limitations of the old, usual approach.