bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size-dependent vitrification in metallic glasses
Authors: Di Lisio Valerio , Gallino Isabella , Riegler Sascha Sebastian , Frey Maximilian , Neuber Nico , Kumar Golden , Schroers Jan , Busch Ralf , Cangialosi Daniele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReducing the sample size can profoundly impact properties of bulk metallic glasses. Here, we systematically reduce the length scale of Au and Pt-based metallic glasses and study their vitrification behavior and atomic mobility. For this purpose, we exploit fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) allowing to study glassy dynamics in an exceptionally wide range of cooling rates and frequencies. We show that the main α relaxation process remains size independent and bulk-like. In contrast, we observe pronounced size dependent vitrification kinetics in micrometer-sized glasses, which is more evident for the smallest samples and at low cooling rates, resulting in more than 40 K decrease in fictive temperature, Tf, with respect to the bulk. We discuss the deep implications on how this outcome can be used to convey glasses to low energy states.
Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination (BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5) increases neutralization of matched Omicron variants
Authors: Springer David N. , Bauer Michael , Medits Iris , Camp Jeremy V. , Aberle Stephan W. , Burtscher Clemens , Höltl Eva , Weseslindtner Lukas , Stiasny Karin , Aberle Judith H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in sera of triple-vaccinated individuals who received a booster dose of an original monovalent or a bivalent BA.1- or BA.4/BA.5-adapted vaccine or had a breakthrough infection with Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2 or BA.4/BA.5. A bivalent BA.4/BA.5 booster or Omicron-breakthrough infection induced increased Omicron-neutralization titers compared with the monovalent booster. The XBB.1.5 variant effectively evaded neutralizing-antibody responses elicited by current vaccines and/or infection with previous variants.
A microfluidic platform for the controlled synthesis of architecturally complex liquid crystalline nanoparticles
Authors: Pilkington Colin P. , Contini Claudia , Barritt Joseph D. , Simpson Paul A. , Seddon John M. , Elani Yuval 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSoft-matter nanoparticles are of great interest for their applications in biotechnology, therapeutic delivery, and in vivo imaging. Underpinning this is their biocompatibility, potential for selective targeting, attractive pharmacokinetic properties, and amenability to downstream functionalisation. Morphological diversity inherent to soft-matter particles can give rise to enhanced functionality. However, this diversity remains untapped in clinical and industrial settings, and only the simplest of particle architectures [spherical lipid vesicles and lipid/polymer nanoparticles (LNPs)] have been routinely exploited. This is partially due to a lack of appropriate methods for their synthesis. To address this, we have designed a scalable microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (MHF) technology for the controllable, rapid, and continuous production of lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) nanoparticles (both cubosomes and hexosomes), colloidal dispersions of higher-order lipid assemblies with intricate internal structures of 3-D and 2-D symmetry. These particles have been proposed as the next generation of soft-matter nano-carriers, with unique fusogenic and physical properties. Crucially, unlike alternative approaches, our microfluidic method gives control over LLC size, a feature we go on to exploit in a fusogenic study with model cell membranes, where a dependency of fusion on particle diameter is evident. We believe our platform has the potential to serve as a tool for future studies involving non-lamellar soft nanoparticles, and anticipate it allowing for the rapid prototyping of LLC particles of diverse functionality, paving the way toward their eventual wide uptake at an industrial level.
Identification of novel hypermethylated or hypomethylated CpG sites and genes associated with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Singh Purnima , Zhou Liting , Shah Disheet A. , Cejas Romina B. , Crossman David K. , Jouni Mariam , Magdy Tarek , Wang Xuexia , Sharafeldin Noha , Hageman Lindsey , McKenna Donald E. , Horvath Steve , Armenian Saro H. , Balis Frank M. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Keller Frank G. , Hudson Melissa M. , Neglia Joseph P. , Ritchey A. Kim , Ginsberg Jill P. , Landier Wendy , Burridge Paul W. , Bhatia Smita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of late morbidity in childhood cancer survivors. Aberrant DNA methylation plays a role in de novo cardiovascular disease. Epigenetic processes could play a role in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy but remain unstudied. We sought to examine if genome-wide differential methylation at ‘CpG’ sites in peripheral blood DNA is associated with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. This report used participants from a matched case–control study; 52 non-Hispanic White, anthracycline-exposed childhood cancer survivors with cardiomyopathy were matched 1:1 with 52 survivors with no cardiomyopathy. Paired ChAMP (Chip Analysis Methylation Pipeline) with integrated reference-based deconvolution of adult peripheral blood DNA methylation was used to analyze data from Illumina HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip arrays. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) was performed, and the model was adjusted for GrimAge, sex, interaction terms of age at enrollment, chest radiation, age at diagnosis squared, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs: diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia). Prioritized genes were functionally validated by gene knockout in human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. DNA-methylation EPIC array analyses identified 32 differentially methylated probes (DMP: 15 hyper-methylated and 17 hypo-methylated probes) that overlap with 23 genes and 9 intergenic regions. Three hundred and fifty-four differential methylated regions (DMRs) were also identified. Several of these genes are associated with cardiac dysfunction. Knockout of genes EXO6CB, FCHSD2, NIPAL2, and SYNPO2 in hiPSC-CMs increased sensitivity to doxorubicin. In addition, EWAS analysis identified hypo-methylation of probe ‘cg15939386’ in gene RORA to be significantly associated with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. In this genome-wide DNA methylation profile study, we observed significant differences in DNA methylation at the CpG level between anthracycline-exposed childhood cancer survivors with and without cardiomyopathy, implicating differential DNA methylation of certain genes could play a role in pathogenesis of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.
The search for spontaneous edge currents in Sr2RuO4 mesa structures with controlled geometrical shapes
Authors: Curran P. J. , Bending S. J. , Gibbs A. S. , Mackenzie A. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScanning Hall microscopy has been used to search for spontaneous edge fields in geometrically shaped mesa structures etched into the ab surface of Sr2RuO4 single crystals in order to test recent theories of the direction of edge current flow as a function of facet orientation and band filling. We find no evidence for spontaneous edge fields in any of our mesa structures above our experimental noise floor of ± 25 mG. We do, however, observe pronounced vortex clustering at low fields and temperatures, consistent with the established semi-Meissner scenario whereby a long range attractive component to the vortex-vortex interaction arises due, for example, to the multiband nature of the superconductivity. We also see clear evidence for the formation of a square vortex lattice inside square mesa structures above 1.3 K. Our results are discussed in terms of recent relevant experimental results and theoretical predictions.
Measurement of the $$ ^{181} $$Ta($$n,\gamma $$) cross sections up to stellar s-process temperatures at the CSNS Back-n
Authors: An Zhendong , Qiu Weiwei , Jiang Wei , Yang Gaole , Li Xiankai , Liao Zhengfa , Zhuang Ziyue , Zhang Xiaoping , Chen Shengli , Guo Chenchen , Xiao Erxi , Fang Xiao , Li Xinxiang , Wang Hongwei , Hu Xinrong , Jiang Bing , Shen Wenqing , Wang Jincheng , Ren Jie , Ruan Xichao , Wang Dexin , Zhang Su-Yalatu , Luo Wen , Zhu Zhichao , Lan Haoyang , Cao Zongwei , Ma Xu , Liu Yingdu , Wang Pusen , Yang Yi , Su Ping , Deng Xiangai , He Wanbing , Ma Yugang , Ma Chunwang , Wang Yuting , He Pengqin , Tang Renguang , Zhou Tao , Wang Jing , Yi Han , Zhang Yue , Chen Yonghao , Fan Ruirui , Gao Keqing , Li Qiang , Sun Kang , Tan Zhixin , Gu Minhao , Jing Hantao , Tang Jingyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe neutron capture cross section of $$ ^{181} $$

181

Ta is relevant to s-process of nuclear astrophysics, extraterrestrial samples analysis in planetary geology and new generation nuclear energy system design. The $$^{181}$$

181

Ta($$n,\gamma $$

n
,
γ

) cross section had been measured between 1 eV and 800 keV at the back-streaming white neutron facility (Back-n) of China spallation neutron source(CSNS) using the time-of-flight (TOF) technique and $$\hbox {C}_{6}\,\hbox {D}_{6}$$

C
6

D
6

liquid scintillator detectors. The experimental results are compared with the data of several evaluated libraries and previous experiments in the resolved and unresolved resonance region. Resonance parameters are extracted using the R-Matrix code SAMMY in the 1–700 eV region. The astrophysical Maxwell average cross section(MACS) from kT = 5 to 100 keV is calculated over a sufficiently wide range of neutron energies. For the characteristic thermal energy of an astrophysical site, at kT = 30keV the MACS value of $$^{181}$$

181

Ta is 834 ± 75 mb, which shows an obvious discrepancy with the Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars (KADoNiS) recommended value 766 ± 15 mb. The new measurements strongly constrain the MACS of $$^{181}$$

181

Ta($$n,\gamma $$

n
,
γ

) reaction in the stellar s-process temperatures.
Reliability of threshold determination using portable muscle oxygenation monitors during exercise testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sendra-Pérez Carlos , Sanchez-Jimenez Jose Luis , Marzano-Felisatti Joaquín Martín , Encarnación-Martínez Alberto , Salvador-Palmer Rosario , Priego-Quesada Jose I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the last few years, portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has been suggested for determining metabolic/ventilator thresholds. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the reliability of a portable muscle oxygenation monitor for determining thresholds during exercise testing. The proposed PICO question was: Is the exercise intensity of muscle oxygenation thresholds, using portable NIRS, reliable compared with lactate and ventilatory thresholds for exercise intensity determined in athletes? A search of Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science was undertaken and the review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Fifteen articles were included. The domains which presented the highest biases were confounders (93% with moderate or high risk) and participant selection (100% with moderate or high risk). The intra-class correlation coefficient between exercise intensity of the first ventilatory or lactate threshold and the first muscle oxygenation threshold was 0.53 (obtained with data from only 3 studies), whereas the second threshold was 0.80. The present work shows that although a portable muscle oxygenation monitor has moderate to good reliability for determining the second ventilatory and lactate thresholds, further research is necessary to investigate the mathematical methods of detection, the capacity to detect the first threshold, the detection in multiple regions, and the effect of sex, performance level and adipose tissue in determining thresholds.
A multi-omics analysis identifies molecular features associated with fertility in heifers (Bos taurus)
Authors: Marrella Mackenzie A. , Biase Fernando H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInfertility or subfertility is a critical barrier to sustainable cattle production, including in heifers. The development of heifers that do not produce a calf within an optimum window of time is a critical factor for the profitability and sustainability of the cattle industry. In parallel, heifers are an excellent biomedical model for understanding the underlying etiology of infertility because well-nourished heifers can still be infertile, mostly because of inherent physiological and genetic causes. Using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, we collected genotypic data, which were analyzed using an association analysis in PLINK with Fisher’s exact test. We also produced quantitative transcriptome data and proteome data. Transcriptome data were analyzed using the quasi-likelihood test followed by the Wald’s test, and the likelihood test and proteome data were analyzed using a generalized mixed model and Student’s t-test. We identified two SNPs significantly associated with heifer fertility (rs110918927, chr12: 85648422,P= 6.7 × 10−7; and rs109366560, chr11:37666527,P= 2.6 × 10−5). We identified two genes with differential transcript abundance (eFDR ≤ 0.002) between the two groups (Fertile and Sub-Fertile): Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Associated Protein (APMAP, 1.16 greater abundance in the Fertile group) and Dynein Axonemal Intermediate Chain 7 (DNAI7, 1.23 greater abundance in the Sub-Fertile group). Our analysis revealed that the protein Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO was more abundant in the plasma collected from Fertile heifers relative to their Sub-Fertile counterparts (FDR < 0.05). Lastly, an integrative analysis of the three datasets identified a series of molecular features (SNPs, gene transcripts, and proteins) that discriminated 21 out of 22 heifers correctly based on their fertility category. Our multi-omics analyses confirm the complex nature of female fertility. Very importantly, our results also highlight differences in the molecular profile of heifers associated with fertility that transcend the constraints of breed-specific genetic background.
The importance of the thickness of femoral lateral wall for treating intertrochanteric fractures: a finite elements analysis
Authors: Li Shuang , Su Zhi-hao , Zhu Jia-min , Sun Wan-ju , Zhu Yi-Chen , Wang Jian , Li Kai , Ni Ming , Han Shuai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo explore how the thickness of the femoral lateral wall influences the effectiveness of internal fixation systems used to treat intertrochanteric fractures. CT images of the pelvis and femur of a male adult were used to construct an intertrochanteric fracture model (AO/OTA 31-A2) with various thicknesses of the femoral lateral wall (FLW). Four finite element (FE) models were created with the lateral femoral walls being 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm thick. The fracture models were fixed with a dynamic hip screw (DHS), a proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA), and a proximal femoral locking compression plate (P-FLCP). A simulated vertical load was applied to the femoral head. The stress and displacement of the implant and femur in each model were recorded for comparison. The FE analysis of the intertrochanteric fracture models showed that the PFNA system could provide better stability than the DHS and P-FLCP with the same thickness of FLW. The FLW provided buttress support to the femoral head and neck when using a DHS and PFNA, and the buttress strength was proportional to the thickness of FLW. The maximum stress in the DHS model was recorded on the DHS plate which accommodated the lag screw. For the PFNA model, the maximum stress appeared at the connection between the nail and blade. In the P-FLCP model, the maximum stresses were highly concentrated at the connection between the cephalic nails and the proximal plate. The thickness of the femoral lateral wall should be considered an important factor when selecting a suitable internal fixation system for intertrochanteric fractures. Based on the FE analysis, intramedullary fixation, such as PFNA, experiences lower stress levels and a moderate displacement in comparison to DHS and P-FCLP when used to treat intertrochanteric fractures.
In vitro alternative for reactogenicity assessment of outer membrane vesicle based vaccines
Authors: Molenaar-de Backer Marijke W. A. , Doodeman Paulien , Rezai Fereshte , Verhagen Lisa M. , van der Ark Arno , Plagmeijer Els M. , Metz Bernard , van Vlies Naomi , Ophorst Olga , Raeven René H. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntrinsic or added immune activating molecules are key for most vaccines to provide desired immunity profiles but may increase systemic reactogenicity. Regulatory agencies require rabbit pyrogen testing (RPT) for demonstration of vaccine reactogenicity. Recently, the monocyte activation test (MAT) gained popularity as in vitro alternative, yet this assay was primarily designed to test pyrogen-free products. The aim was to adjust the MAT to enable testing of pyrogen containing vaccines in an early stage of development where no reference batch is yet available. The MAT and RPT were compared for assessing unknown safety profiles of pertussis outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine candidates to those of Bexsero as surrogate reference vaccine. Pertussis OMVs with wild-type LPS predominantly activated TLR2 and TLR4 and were more reactogenic than Bexsero. However, this reactogenicity profile for pertussis OMVs could be equalized or drastically reduced compared to Bexsero or a whole-cell pertussis vaccine, respectively by dose changing, modifying the LPS, intranasal administration, or a combination of these. Importantly, except for LPS modified products, reactogenicity profiles obtained with the RPT and MAT were comparable. Overall, we demonstrated that this pertussis OMV vaccine candidate has an acceptable safety profile. Furthermore, the MAT proved its applicability to assess reactogenicity levels of pyrogen containing vaccines at multiple stages of vaccine development and could eventually replace rabbit pyrogen testing.
Understanding plant pathogen interactions using spatial and single-cell technologies
Authors: Zhu Jie , Moreno-Pérez Alba , Coaker Gitta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlants are in contact with diverse pathogens and microorganisms. Intense investigation over the last 30 years has resulted in the identification of multiple immune receptors in model and crop species as well as signaling overlap in surface-localized and intracellular immune receptors. However, scientists still have a limited understanding of how plants respond to diverse pathogens with spatial and cellular resolution. Recent advancements in single-cell, single-nucleus and spatial technologies can now be applied to plant–pathogen interactions. Here, we outline the current state of these technologies and highlight outstanding biological questions that can be addressed in the future.
Zero- to low-field relaxometry of chemical and biological fluids
Authors: Alcicek Seyma , Put Piotr , Kubrak Adam , Alcicek Fatih Celal , Barskiy Danila , Gloeggler Stefan , Dybas Jakub , Pustelny Szymon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry is an analytical method that provides information about molecular environments, even for NMR “silent” molecules (spin-0), by analyzing the properties of NMR signals versus the magnitude of the longitudinal field. Conventionally, this technique is performed at fields much higher than Earth’s magnetic field, but our work focuses on NMR relaxometry at zero and ultra-low magnetic fields (ZULFs). Operating under such conditions allows us to investigate slow (bio)chemical processes occurring on a timescale from milliseconds to seconds, which coincide with spin evolution. ZULFs also minimize T2 line broadening in heterogeneous samples resulting from magnetic susceptibility. Here, we use ZULF NMR relaxometry to analyze (bio)chemical compounds containing 1H-13C, 1H-15N, and 1H-31P spin pairs. We also detected high-quality ULF NMR spectra of human whole-blood at 0.8 μT, despite a shortening of spin relaxation by blood proteomes (e.g., hemoglobin). Information on proton relaxation times of blood, a potential early biomarker of inflammation, can be acquired in under a minute using inexpensive, portable/small-size NMR spectrometers based on atomic magnetometers.
Magnetic super-structure and active surface role in the onset of magnetic excitons revealed in TbCu2 nanoparticles
Authors: Jefremovas Elizabeth M. , de la Fuente Rodríguez María , Alba Venero Diego , Echevarría–Bonet Cristina , Bender Philipp , Fåk Björn , Blanco Jesús A. , Fernández Barquín Luis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAntiferromagnetic materials are receiving renewed interest on behalf of their potential for information technologies. Recent reports have also revealed how the physics governing such magnetic arrangements and their excitations become more complex compared to traditional ferromagnetic materials, especially at the nanoscale. Here, we address two main issues that are of prime interest to their technological transfer. First, using small-angle neutron scattering, we show the existence of a magnetic helix-like super-structure in a polycrystalline TbCu2 alloy, preserved at both bulk and nanoparticle ensembles of 8 nm. Second, using inelastic neutron scattering, we elucidate the magnetic excitons and the crystalline electric field energy level schemes of TbCu2 in bulk and nanoparticle ensembles. This allows to understad the effect of the surface broken symmetry on the quantum energy levels at the nanoscale, so as the key role of interfacial effects on the propagation of magnetic excitations. Our research provides insights for the realization of magnetic moment dynamics models based on complex nanometric super-structures, and for nanoparticles to be integrated in spintronics and information technology applications.
Efficient algal lipid extraction via a green bio-electro-Fenton process and its conversion into biofuel and bioelectricity with concurrent wastewater treatment in a photosynthetic microbial fuel cell
Authors: Das Swati , Raj Rishabh , Ghangrekar Makarand M. 
Published: August 2023

Algal biofuel production via a green bio-electro-Fenton process is a promising alternative to meet global energy demand.
ARDA‐UNIT recurrent dense self‐attention block with adaptive feature fusion for unpaired (unsupervised) image‐to‐image translation
Authors: Ghombavani Farzane Maghsoudi , Fadaeieslam Mohammad Javad , Yaghmaee Farzin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the most challenging topics in artificial intelligence is image‐to‐image translation, the purpose of which is generating images close to those in the target domain while preserving the important features of the images in the source domain. In this direction, various types of generative adversarial networks have been developed. ARDA‐UNIT, presented in this paper, seeks to meet the main challenges of these networks, that is, producing a high‐quality image in a reasonable amount of time, and transferring content between two images with different structures. The proposed recurrent dense self‐attention block, applied in ARDA‐UNIT's generator latent space, simultaneously increases its generating capability and decreases the training parameters. ARDA‐UNIT has a feature extraction module which feeds both the generator and the discriminator. This module uses a new adaptive feature fusion method which combines multi‐scale features in such a way that the characteristics of each scale are preserved. The module also uses a pre‐trained CNN that reduces the training parameters. Moreover, a feature similarity loss is introduced that guides the model to change the structure of the source domain in accordance with that in the target domain. Experiments performed on different datasets using FID, KID and IS evaluation criteria have shown that the model reduces computational loads, transfers structures well, and achieves better qualities.