bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accommodating Nutopia: The nuclear ban treaty and the developmental interests of Global South countries
Authors: Futter Andrew , Samuel Olamide 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article argues that the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) would not have been possible without protecting the inalienable rights of states to pursue nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. While some Western states and NGOs have pushed to ban all applications of nuclear technology, this was unacceptable to a large number of disarmament-supporting states from the Global South and the Non-Aligned Movement. Without support from states across the Global South, the TPNW would not have achieved the required number of signatories to be adopted. Thus, we argue that to properly understand the TPNW, an appreciation of states’ interests and motivations beyond their more widely discussed frustrations with the pace of nuclear disarmament is essential. We also argue that nuclear weapons scholarship must pay more attention to perspectives from the Global South and the concept of Nutopia – a belief in both the dystopian potential of nuclear weapons and the utopian possibilities of nuclear energy – in its understanding of nuclear politics, past and present. Global South perspectives are often overlooked, and as such, current regimes of nuclear arms control and disarmament remain only partially understood in Western literature.
A systematic review of the evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition
Authors: Jennings Sydney , Corrin Tricia , Waddell Lisa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) refers to persistent or recurring symptoms (>8 weeks) occurring ≤12 weeks following acute COVID-19. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on the risk of PCC with vaccination before or after COVID-19 or after developing PCC, and the safety of vaccination among those already experiencing PCC. A search was conducted up to 13 December 2022 and standard systematic review methodology was followed. Thirty-one observational studies were included. There is moderate confidence that two doses of vaccine given pre-infection reduced the odds of PCC (pooled OR (pOR) 0.67, 95% CI 0.60–0.74, I2 = 59.9%), but low confidence that one dose may not reduce the odds (pOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.31#x2013;1.31, I2 = 99.2%), and the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of three doses (pOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.10#x2013;1.99, I2 = 30.9%). One of three studies suggested vaccination shortly after COVID-19 may offer additional protection from developing PCC compared to unvaccinated individuals, but this evidence was very uncertain. For those with PCC, vaccination was not associated with worsening PCC symptoms (10 studies) and appears safe (3 studies), but it is unclear if vaccination may change established PCC symptoms.
Differential public support and the independence of anti-corruption agencies
Authors: Xu Jian , Xu Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpecialized anti-corruption agencies (ACAs) aim to address corruption problems when conventional institutional mechanisms are dysfunctional. Yet, we still lack thorough understanding of the conditions that enable ACAs to withstand undue influences of the overarching political regime. Informed by the judicial politics literature, we examine the value of public opinion in empowering ACAs. Leveraging the evolving political conditions of Hong Kong, we argue that a lack of public support for other government organs offers opportunities for an ACA to distinguish itself from the rest of the regime and establish operational independence. We find that a signature ACA of Hong Kong, created by the British colonial government, has been uniquely sensitive to public complaints of corruption. The agency is the most responsive when other government branches are perceived to be lacking integrity. Also, negative appraisals of the political regime encourage the ACA’s institutional functions and increase the degree of enforcement discretion entrusted to it. Our findings suggest a mechanism of ACA empowerment whereby the public is committed to sustaining agency independence because of their distrust and the unpopularity of other government organs. Therefore, potential institutional threats posed by an unpopular regime to the ACA may actually strengthen the latter’s power and autonomy.
Immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies: achievements, challenges and future prospects
Authors: Tang Lu , Huang Zhongpei , Mei Heng , Hu Yu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe immune-cell origin of hematologic malignancies provides a unique avenue for the understanding of both the mechanisms of immune responsiveness and immune escape, which has accelerated the progress of immunotherapy. Several categories of immunotherapies have been developed and are being further evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of blood cancers, including stem cell transplantation, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antigen-targeted antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, tumor vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies. These immunotherapies have shown the potential to induce long-term remission in refractory or relapsed patients and have led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment with great clinical success. Different immunotherapeutic approaches have their advantages but also shortcomings that need to be addressed. To provide clinicians with timely information on these revolutionary therapeutic approaches, the comprehensive review provides historical perspectives on the applications and clinical considerations of the immunotherapy. Here, we first outline the recent advances that have been made in the understanding of the various categories of immunotherapies in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. We further discuss the specific mechanisms of action, summarize the clinical trials and outcomes of immunotherapies in hematologic malignancies, as well as the adverse effects and toxicity management and then provide novel insights into challenges and future directions.
VEGF-B prevents excessive angiogenesis by inhibiting FGF2/FGFR1 pathway
Authors: Lee Chunsik , Chen Rongyuan , Sun Guangli , Liu Xialin , Lin Xianchai , He Chang , Xing Liying , Liu Lixian , Jensen Lasse D. , Kumar Anil , Langer Harald F. , Ren Xiangrong , Zhang Jianing , Huang Lijuan , Yin Xiangke , Kim JongKyong , Zhu Juanhua , Huang Guanqun , Li Jiani , Lu Weiwei , Chen Wei , Liu Juanxi , Hu Jiaxin , Sun Qihang , Lu Weisi , Fang Lekun , Wang Shasha , Kuang Haiqing , Zhang Yihan , Tian Geng , Mi Jia , Kang Bi-Ang , Narazaki Masashi , Prodeus Aaron , Schoonjans Luc , Ornitz David M. , Gariepy Jean , Eelen Guy , Dewerchin Mieke , Yang Yunlong , Ou Jing-Song , Mora Antonio , Yao Jin , Zhao Chen , Liu Yizhi , Carmeliet Peter , Cao Yihai , Li Xuri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough VEGF-B was discovered as a VEGF-A homolog a long time ago, the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B remains poorly understood with limited and diverse findings from different groups. Notwithstanding, drugs that inhibit VEGF-B together with other VEGF family members are being used to treat patients with various neovascular diseases. It is therefore critical to have a better understanding of the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B and the underlying mechanisms. Using comprehensive in vitro and in vivo methods and models, we reveal here for the first time an unexpected and surprising function of VEGF-B as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis by inhibiting the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway when the latter is abundantly expressed. Mechanistically, we unveil that VEGF-B binds to FGFR1, induces FGFR1/VEGFR1 complex formation, and suppresses FGF2-induced Erk activation, and inhibits FGF2-driven angiogenesis and tumor growth. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized novel function of VEGF-B in tethering the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway. Given the anti-angiogenic nature of VEGF-B under conditions of high FGF2/FGFR1 levels, caution is warranted when modulating VEGF-B activity to treat neovascular diseases.
Well-hidden methanogenesis in deep, organic-rich sediments of Guaymas Basin
Authors: Bojanova Diana P , De Anda Valerie Y , Haghnegahdar Mojhgan A , Teske Andreas P , Ash Jeanine L , Young Edward D , Baker Brett J , LaRowe Douglas E , Amend Jan P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Deep marine sediments (&gt;1mbsf) harbor ~26% of microbial biomass and are the largest reservoir of methane on Earth. Yet, the deep subsurface biosphere and controls on its contribution to methane production remain underexplored. Here, we use a multidisciplinary approach to examine methanogenesis in sediments (down to 295 mbsf) from sites with varying degrees of thermal alteration (none, past, current) at Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) for the first time. Traditional (13C/12C and D/H) and multiply substituted (13CH3D and 12CH2D2) methane isotope measurements reveal significant proportions of microbial methane at all sites, with the largest signal at the site with past alteration. With depth, relative microbial methane decreases at differing rates between sites. Gibbs energy calculations confirm methanogenesis is exergonic in Guaymas sediments, with methylotrophic pathways consistently yielding more energy than the canonical hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic pathways. Yet, metagenomic sequencing and cultivation attempts indicate that methanogens are present in low abundance. We find only one methyl-coenzyme M (mcrA) sequence within the entire sequencing dataset. Also, we identify a wide diversity of methyltransferases (mtaB, mttB), but only a few sequences phylogenetically cluster with methylotrophic methanogens. Our results suggest that the microbial methane in the Guaymas subsurface was produced over geologic time by relatively small methanogen populations, which have been variably influenced by thermal sediment alteration. Higher resolution metagenomic sampling may clarify the modern methanogen community. This study highlights the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach to capture microbial influences in dynamic, deep subsurface settings like Guaymas Basin.
Nitrogen and phosphorous acquisition strategies drive coexistence patterns among archaeal lineages in soil
Authors: Zhao Jun , Huang Laibin , Chakrabarti Seemanti , Cooper Jennifer , Choi EunKyung , Ganan Carolina , Tolchinsky Bryn , Triplett Eric W , Daroub Samira H , Martens-Habbena Willm 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Soil represents the largest reservoir of Archaea on Earth. Present-day archaeal diversity in soils globally is dominated by members of the class Nitrososphaeria. The evolutionary radiation of this class is thought to reflect adaptations to a wide range of temperatures, pH, and other environmental conditions. However, the mechanisms that govern competition and coexistence among Nitrososphaeria lineages in soil remain poorly understood. Here we show that predominant soil Nitrososphaeria lineages compose a patchwork of gene inventory and expression profiles for ammonia, urea, and phosphate utilization. In contrast, carbon fixation, respiration, and ATP synthesis genes are conserved and expressed consistently among predominant phylotypes across 12 major evolutionary lineages commonly found in soil. In situ gene expression profiles closely resemble pure culture reference strains under optimal growth conditions. Together, these results reveal resource-based coexistence patterns among Nitrososphaeria lineages and suggest complementary ecophysiological niches associated with differential nutrient acquisition strategies among globally predominant archaeal lineages in soil.
Metabolic PET/CT analysis of aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphoma prior to Axicabtagene Ciloleucel CAR-T infusion: predictors of progressive disease, survival, and toxicity
Authors: Breen William G. , Young Jason R. , Hathcock Matthew A. , Kowalchuk Roman O. , Thorpe Matthew P. , Bansal Radhika , Khurana Arushi , Bennani N. Nora , Paludo Jonas , Bisneto Jose Villasboas , Wang Yucai , Ansell Stephen M. , Peterson Jennifer L. , Johnston Patrick B. , Lester Scott C. , Lin Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPET/CT is used to evaluate relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) prior to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) infusion at two time points: pre-leukapheresis (pre-leuk) and pre-lymphodepletion chemotherapy (pre-LD). We hypothesized that changes in PET/CT between these time points predict outcomes after CAR-T. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and other metrics were calculated from pre-leuk and pre-LD PET/CT scans in patients with NHL who received axicabtagene ciloleucel, and assessed for association with outcomes. Sixty-nine patients were analyzed. While single time point PET/CT characteristics were not associated with risk of PD or death, increases from pre-leuk to pre-LD in parenchymal MTV, nodal MTV, TLG of the largest lesion, and total number of lesions were associated with increased risk of death (p < 0.05 for all). LASSO analysis identified increasing extranodal MTV and increasing TLG of the largest lesion as strong predictors of death (AUC 0.74). Greater pre-LD total MTV was associated with higher risk of grade 3+ immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) (p = 0.042). Increasing metabolic disease burden during CAR-T manufacturing is associated with increased risk of progression and death. A two variable risk score stratifies prognosis prior to CAR-T infusion and may inform risk-adapted strategies.
Functional hydrogel-plastic hybrids inspired by the structural characteristics of mussels
Authors: Wen Zhixuan , Zhou Teng , Xu Qian , Chen Weipeng , Xin Weiwen , Kong Xiang-Yu , Jiang Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractShellfish with rigid shells prevent damage to their delicate internal cores, and their soft bonding muscles drive the opening and closing of the shells. This synergism of rigid and soft materials provides shellfish with unique environmental adaptation. Inspired by the structural characteristics of mussels, a riveting layer was introduced into hydrogel-plastic hybrids for bonding hydrogel networks and plastic substrates. The bonding strength of the hydrogel on the polypropylene (PP) substrate was approximately 1.52 MPa, and the interface toughness reached 1450 J m−2. Furthermore, the integration of plastics and microscale hydrogels, as well as abscised or prefabricated hydrogels, could also be fabricated through the same process. By using this strategy, a hydrogel-plastic hybrid-based device with temperature responsiveness and scratch resistance was fabricated and could mimic the basic activities of mussels. This work improves the functional materials used in programmable engineering systems and could facilitate the construction of intelligent robots.
Mitochondria are secreted in extracellular vesicles when lysosomal function is impaired
Authors: Liang Wenjing , Sagar Shakti , Ravindran Rishith , Najor Rita H. , Quiles Justin M. , Chi Liguo , Diao Rachel Y. , Woodall Benjamin P. , Leon Leonardo J. , Zumaya Erika , Duran Jason , Cauvi David M. , De Maio Antonio , Adler Eric D. , Gustafsson Åsa B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMitochondrial quality control is critical for cardiac homeostasis as these organelles are responsible for generating most of the energy needed to sustain contraction. Dysfunctional mitochondria are normally degraded via intracellular degradation pathways that converge on the lysosome. Here, we identified an alternative mechanism to eliminate mitochondria when lysosomal function is compromised. We show that lysosomal inhibition leads to increased secretion of mitochondria in large extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EVs are produced in multivesicular bodies, and their release is independent of autophagy. Deletion of the small GTPase Rab7 in cells or adult mouse heart leads to increased secretion of EVs containing ubiquitinated cargos, including intact mitochondria. The secreted EVs are captured by macrophages without activating inflammation. Hearts from aged mice or Danon disease patients have increased levels of secreted EVs containing mitochondria indicating activation of vesicular release during cardiac pathophysiology. Overall, these findings establish that mitochondria are eliminated in large EVs through the endosomal pathway when lysosomal degradation is inhibited.
Attaching protein-adsorbing silica particles to the surface of cotton substrates for bioaerosol capture including SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Collings Kieran , Boisdon Cedric , Sham Tung-Ting , Skinley Kevin , Oh Hyun-Kyung , Prince Tessa , Ahmed Adham , Pennington Shaun H. , Brownridge Philip J. , Edwards Thomas , Biagini Giancarlo A. , Eyers Claire E. , Lamb Amanda , Myers Peter , Maher Simon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has necessitated a global increase in the use of face masks to limit the airborne spread of the virus. The global demand for personal protective equipment has at times led to shortages of face masks for the public, therefore makeshift masks have become commonplace. The severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a spherical particle size of ~97 nm. However, the airborne transmission of this virus requires the expulsion of droplets, typically ~0.6–500 µm in diameter (by coughing, sneezing, breathing, and talking). In this paper, we propose a face covering that has been designed to effectively capture SARS-CoV-2 whilst providing uncompromised comfort and breathability for the wearer. Herein, we describe a material approach that uses amorphous silica microspheres attached to cotton fibres to capture bioaerosols, including SARS CoV-2. This has been demonstrated for the capture of aerosolised proteins (cytochrome c, myoglobin, ubiquitin, bovine serum albumin) and aerosolised inactivated SARS CoV-2, showing average filtration efficiencies of ~93% with minimal impact on breathability.
TIGIT can inhibit T cell activation via ligation-induced nanoclusters, independent of CD226 co-stimulation
Authors: Worboys Jonathan D. , Vowell Katherine N. , Hare Roseanna K. , Ambrose Ashley R. , Bertuzzi Margherita , Conner Michael A. , Patel Florence P. , Zammit William H. , Gali-Moya Judit , Hazime Khodor S. , Jones Katherine L. , Rey Camille , Jonjic Stipan , Rovis Tihana Lenac , Tannahill Gillian M. , Cruz De Matos Gabriela Dos Santos , Waight Jeremy D. , Davis Daniel M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTIGIT is an inhibitory receptor expressed on lymphocytes and can inhibit T cells by preventing CD226 co-stimulation through interactions in cis or through competition of shared ligands. Whether TIGIT directly delivers cell-intrinsic inhibitory signals in T cells remains unclear. Here we show, by analysing lymphocytes from matched human tumour and peripheral blood samples, that TIGIT and CD226 co-expression is rare on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Using super-resolution microscopy and other techniques, we demonstrate that ligation with CD155 causes TIGIT to reorganise into dense nanoclusters, which coalesce with T cell receptor (TCR)-rich clusters at immune synapses. Functionally, this reduces cytokine secretion in a manner dependent on TIGIT’s intracellular ITT-like signalling motif. Thus, we provide evidence that TIGIT directly inhibits lymphocyte activation, acting independently of CD226, requiring intracellular signalling that is proximal to the TCR. Within the subset of tumours where TIGIT-expressing cells do not commonly co-express CD226, this will likely be the dominant mechanism of action.
Dual-comb optomechanical spectroscopy
Authors: Ren Xinyi , Pan Jin , Yan Ming , Sheng Jiteng , Yang Cheng , Zhang Qiankun , Ma Hui , Wen Zhaoyang , Huang Kun , Wu Haibin , Zeng Heping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOptical cavities are essential for enhancing the sensitivity of molecular absorption spectroscopy, which finds widespread high-sensitivity gas sensing applications. However, the use of high-finesse cavities confines the wavelength range of operation and prevents broader applications. Here, we take a different approach to ultrasensitive molecular spectroscopy, namely dual-comb optomechanical spectroscopy (DCOS), by integrating the high-resolution multiplexing capabilities of dual-comb spectroscopy with cavity optomechanics through photoacoustic coupling. By exciting the molecules photoacoustically with dual-frequency combs and sensing the molecular-vibration-induced ultrasound waves with a cavity-coupled mechanical resonator, we measure high-resolution broadband ( > 2 THz) overtone spectra for acetylene gas and obtain a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 1.71 × 10−11 cm−1·W·Hz−1/2 with 30 GHz simultaneous spectral bandwidth. Importantly, the optomechanical resonator allows broadband dual-comb excitation. Our approach not only enriches the practical applications of the emerging cavity optomechanics technology but also offers intriguing possibilities for multi-species trace gas detection.
Toughening self-healing elastomer crosslinked by metal–ligand coordination through mixed counter anion dynamics
Authors: Park Hyunchang , Kang Taewon , Kim Hyunjun , Kim Jeong-Chul , Bao Zhenan , Kang Jiheong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMechanically tough and self-healable polymeric materials have found widespread applications in a sustainable future. However, coherent strategies for mechanically tough self-healing polymers are still lacking due to a trade-off relationship between mechanical robustness and viscoelasticity. Here, we disclose a toughening strategy for self-healing elastomers crosslinked by metal–ligand coordination. Emphasis was placed on the effects of counter anions on the dynamic mechanical behaviors of polymer networks. As the coordinating ability of the counter anion increases, the binding of the anion leads to slower dynamics, thus limiting the stretchability and increasing the stiffness. Additionally, multimodal anions that can have diverse coordination modes provide unexpected dynamicity. By simply mixing multimodal and non-coordinating anions, we found a significant synergistic effect on mechanical toughness ( > 3 fold) and self-healing efficiency, which provides new insights into the design of coordination-based tough self-healing polymers.
Unconventional charge order and superconductivity in kagome-lattice systems as seen by muon-spin rotation
Authors: Guguchia Z. , Khasanov R. , Luetkens H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKagome lattices are intriguing and rich platforms for studying the intertwining of topology, electron correlation, and magnetism. These materials have been subject to tremendous experimental and theoretical studies not only due to their exciting physical properties but also as systems that may solve critical technological problems. We will review recent experimental progress on superconductivity and magnetic fingerprints of charge order in several kagome-lattice systems from the local-magnetic probe point of view by utilizing muon-spin rotation under extreme conditions, i.e., hydrostatic pressure, ultra low temperature and high magnetic field. The systems include: (1) The series of compounds AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) with V kagome lattice which form the first kagome-based family that exhibits a cascade of symmetry-broken electronic orders, including charge order and superconductivity. In these systems, we find a time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge ordered state and tunable unconventional time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconductivity. (2) The system LaRu3Si2 with distorted kagome layers of Ru, in which our experiments and calculations taken together point to nodeless moderate coupling superconductivity. It was also found that the electron-phonon coupling alone can only explain a small fraction of Tc from calculations, which suggests other factors enhancing Tc such as the correlation effect from the kagome flat band, the van Hove point on the kagome lattice, and the high density of states from the narrow kagome bands. (3) CeRu2 with a pristine Ru kagome lattice, which we classify as an exceedingly rare nodeless (with anisotropic s-wave gap symmetry) magnetic kagome superconductor.