bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake of a patient‐centred dynamic choice model for HIV prevention in rural Kenya and Uganda: SEARCH SAPPHIRE study
Authors: Kabami Jane , Kakande Elijah , Chamie Gabriel , Balzer Laura B. , Petersen Maya L. , Camlin Carol S. , Nyabuti Marilyn , Koss Catherine A. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Kamya Moses R. , Havlir Diane V. , Ayieko James 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionPerson‐centred HIV prevention delivery models that offer structured choices in product, testing and visit location may increase coverage. However, data are lacking on the actual uptake of choices among persons at risk of HIV in southern Africa. In an ongoing randomized study (SEARCH; NCT04810650) in rural East Africa, we evaluated the uptake of choices made when offered in a person‐centred, dynamic choice model for HIV prevention.MethodsUsing the PRECEDE framework, we developed a persont‐centred, Dynamic Choice HIV Prevention (DCP) intervention for persons at risk of HIV in three settings in rural Kenya and Uganda: antenatal clinic (ANC), outpatient department (OPD) and in the community. Components include: provider training on product choice (predisposing); flexibility and responsiveness to client desires and choices (pre‐exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]/post‐exposure prophylaxis [PEP], clinic vs. off‐site visits and self‐ or clinician‐based HIV testing) (enabling); and client and staff feedback (reinforcing). All clients received a structured assessment of barriers with personalized plans to address them, mobile phone access to clinicians (24 hours/7 days/week) and integrated reproductive health services. In this interim analysis, we describe the uptake of choices of product, location and testing during the first 24 weeks of follow‐up (April 2021−March 2022).ResultsA total of 612 (203 ANC, 197 OPD and 212 community) participants were randomized to the person‐centred DCP intervention. We delivered the DCP intervention in all three settings with diverse populations: ANC: 39% pregnant; median age: 24 years; OPD: 39% male, median age 27 years; and community: 42% male, median age: 29 years. Baseline choice of PrEP was highest in ANC (98%) vs. OPD (84%) and community (40%); whereas the proportion of adults selecting PEP was higher in the community (46%) vs. OPD (8%) and ANC (1%). Personal preference for off‐site visits increased over time (65% at week 24 vs. 35% at baseline). Interest in alternative HIV testing modalities grew over time (38% baseline self‐testing vs. 58% at week 24).ConclusionsA person‐centred model incorporating structured choice in biomedical prevention and care delivery options in settings with demographically diverse groups, in rural Kenya and Uganda, was responsive to varying personal preferences over time in HIV prevention programmes.
Clients in Uganda accessing preferred differentiated antiretroviral therapy models achieve higher viral suppression and are less likely to miss appointments: a cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Nkolo Esther K. Karamagi , Ejike Jessica Clinkscales , Sensalire Simon , Ssali Juliana Nabwire , Ddumba Immaculate , Calnan Jacqueline , Gonzalez Carolina , Maina Nelly , Dessie Melaku , Bailey Lauren , Amanyeiwe Ugochukwu , Minior Thomas , Srikanth Karishma , Kadama Herbert , Patel Khushi , Patel Dina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe Uganda Ministry of Health recommends facility‐ and community‐based differentiated antiretroviral therapy (DART) models to support person‐centred care for eligible clients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Healthcare workers assess client eligibility for one of six DART models upon initial enrolment; however, client circumstances evolve, and their preferences are not routinely adjusted. We developed a tool to understand the proportion of clients accessing preferred DART models and compared the outcomes of clients accessing preferred DART models to the outcomes of clients not receiving preferred DART models.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study. A sample of 6376 clients was selected from 113 referrals, general hospitals and health centres purposely selected from 74 districts. Clients receiving ART accessing care from the sampled sites were eligible for inclusion. Healthcare workers interviewed clients (caretakers of clients under 18), over a 2‐week period between January and February 2022 using a client preference tool to elicit whether clients were receiving DART services through their preferred model. Treatment outcomes of viral load test, viral load suppression and missed appointment date were extracted from clients’ medical files before or immediately after the interview and de‐identified. The descriptive analysis determined the interaction between client preferences and predefined treatment outcomes by comparing outcomes of clients whose care aligned with their preferences to outcomes of clients whose care misaligned with their preferences.ResultsOf 25% (1573/6376) of clients not accessing their preferred DART model, 56% were on facility‐based individual management and 35% preferred fast‐track drug refills model. Viral load coverage was 87% for clients accessing preferred DART models compared to 68% among clients not accessing their preferred model. Viral load suppression was higher among clients who accessed the preferred DART model (85%) compared to (68%) clients who did not access their preferred DART model. Missed appointments were lower at 29% for clients who accessed preferred DART models compared to 40% among clients not enrolled in the DART model of their choice.ConclusionsClients who accessed their preferred DART model have better clinical outcomes. Preferences should be integrated throughout health systems, improvement interventions, policies and research efforts to ensure client‐centred care and client autonomy.
Association between vaginal microbiota and the progression of ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Chanyuan , Feng Yanling , Yang Cai , Wang Dachi , Zhang Dailiang , Luo Xiaolin , Zhang Han , Huang He , Zhang Hongyu , Jiang Yanhui , Tan Weihong , Liu Jihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOvarian cancers, especially high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), are one of the most lethal age‐independent gynecologic malignancies. Although pathogenic microorganisms have been demonstrated to participate in the pathogenesis of multiple types of tumors, their potential roles in the development of ovarian cancer remain unclear. To gain an insight into the microbiome‐associated pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers, we applied different techniques to analyse the microbiome and serum metabolome of different resources. We found that the vaginal microbiota in ovarian cancer mouse models was under dysbiosis, with altered metabolite configurations that may result from amino acid or lysophospholipid metabolic processes. Local therapeutic intervention with a broad spectrum of antibiotics was effective in reversing microbiota dysbiosis and suppressing carcinogenic progression. As the ovary is situated deeply in the pelvis, it is difficult to directly monitor the ovarian microbial community. Our findings provide alternative options for utilizing the vaginal bacteria as noninvasive biomarkers, such as Burkholderia (area under the curve = 0.8843, 95% confidence interval: 0.743–1.000), which supplement the current invasive diagnostic methods for monitoring ovarian cancer progression and contribute to the development of advanced microbe‐based diagnosis and adjuvant therapies.
The in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of aloperine against Zika virus infection
Authors: Zhou Peiwen , Lao Zizhao , Long Haishan , Pan Pan , Liao Feng , Zheng Wenjiang , Li Zonghui , Dai Jianfeng , Liu Helu , Jiang Yong , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Wenbiao , Wu Jianguo , Li Geng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection poses a significant threat to global public health and is associated with microcephaly. There are no approved ZIKV‐specific vaccines or drugs for the clinical treatment of the infection. Currently, there are no approved ZIKV‐specific vaccines or drugs for the clinical treatment of the infection. In this study, we investigated the antiviral potential of aloperine, a quinolizidine alkaloid, against ZIKV infection in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that aloperine effectively inhibits ZIKV infection in vitro, with a low nanomolar half maximal effective concentration (EC50). Specifically, aloperine strongly protected cells from ZIKV multiplication, as indicated by decreased expression of viral proteins and virus titer. Our further investigations using the time‐of‐drug‐addition assay, binding, entry, and replication assays, detection of ZIKV strand‐specific RNA, the cellular thermal shift assay, and molecular docking revealed that aloperine significantly inhibits the replication stage of the ZIKV life cycle by targeting the domain RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) of ZIKV NS5 protein. Additionally, aloperine reduced viremia in mice and effectively lowered the mortality rate in infected mice. These findings highlight the potency of aloperine and its ability to target ZIKV infection, suggesting its potential as a promising antiviral drug against ZIKV.
Causal effects of body mass index, education, and lifestyle behaviors on intervertebral disc disorders: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Chanyuan , Ran Jun , Hou Bowen , Li Yitong , Morelli John N. , Li Xiaoming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the causal risk factors for intervertebral disc disorders (IVDD) to help establish prevention strategies for IVDD‐related diseases. We performed two‐sample Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the causal effects of body mass index (BMI), education, and lifestyle behaviors (sedentary behavior, smoking, and sleeping) on thoracic/thoracolumbar/lumbosacral IVDD (TTL‐IVDD) and cervical IVDD. The inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method was conducted as the primary model to pool effect sizes using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. The strength of causal evidence was evaluated from the effect size and different Mendelian randomization methods (MR‐Egger/weighted median/weighted mode method, Cochran's Q test, leave‐one‐out analysis, MR Steiger, MR‐PRESSO and radial IVW analyses). We found strong evidence for the causal associations between IVDD and BMI (TTL‐IVDD, 1.27 [1.18, 1.37], p = 2.40 × 10−10; cervical IVDD, 1.24 [1.12, 1.37, p = 6.58 × 10−5), educational attainment (TTL‐IVDD, 0.57 [0.51, 0.64], p = 9.64 × 10−21; cervical IVDD, 0.58 [0.49, 0.68], p = 1.78 × 10−10), leisure television watching (TTL‐IVDD, 1.54 [1.29, 1.84], p = 7.80 × 10−6; cervical IVDD, 1.65 [1.29, 2.11], p = 0.0001), smoking initiation (TTL‐IVDD, 1.37 [1.25, 1.50], p = 1.78 × 10−10; cervical IVDD, 1.32 [1.16, 1.51], p = 6.49 × 10−5), short sleep (TTL‐IVDD, 1.28 [1.09, 1.49], p = 0.0027; cervical IVDD, 1.53 [1.21, 1.94], p = 0.0008), or frequent insomnia (TTL‐IVDD, 1.20 [1.11, 1.30], p = 1.54 × 10−5; cervical IVDD, 1.37 [1.20, 1.57], p = 7.80 × 10−6). This study provided genetic evidence that increased BMI, low educational attainment, sedentary behavior by leisure television watching, smoking initiation, short sleep, and frequent insomnia were causal risk factors for IVDD. More efforts should be directed toward increasing public awareness of these modifiable risk factors and mobilizing individuals to adopt healthy lifestyles.
Lack of skeletal muscle contraction disrupts fibrous tissue morphogenesis in the developing murine knee
Authors: Tsinman Tonia K. , Huang Yuming , Ahmed Saima , Levillain Aurelie L. , Evans Mary K. , Jiang Xi , Nowlan Niamh C. , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Mauck Robert L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExternally applied forces, such as those generated through skeletal muscle contraction, are important to embryonic joint formation, and their loss can result in gross morphologic defects including joint fusion. While the absence of muscle contraction in the developing chick embryo leads to dissociation of dense connective tissue structures of the knee and ultimately joint fusion, the central knee joint cavitates whereas the patellofemoral joint does not in murine models lacking skeletal muscle contraction, suggesting a milder phenotype. These differential results suggest that muscle contraction may not have as prominent of a role in the growth and development of dense connective tissues of the knee. To explore this question, we investigated the formation of the menisci, tendon, and ligaments of the developing knee in two murine models that lack muscle contraction. We found that while the knee joint does cavitate, there were multiple abnormalities in the menisci, patellar tendon, and cruciate ligaments. The initial cellular condensation of the menisci was disrupted and dissociation was observed at later embryonic stages. The initial cell condensation of the tendon and ligaments were less affected than the meniscus, but these tissues contained cells with hyper‐elongated nuclei and displayed diminished growth. Interestingly, lack of muscle contraction led to the formation of an ectopic ligamentous structure in the anterior region of the joint as well. These results indicate that muscle forces are essential for the continued growth and maturation of these structures during this embryonic period.
Hyperthermic intrathoracic extracorporeal chemotherapy for secondary malignant pleural disease
Authors: Miller Daniel L. , Parks Christopher S. , Ange Brittany , Bonta Ioana R. , Rich Patricia T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesPleural metastasis has extremely poor prognosis. Resection of pleural implants with infusion of intrathoracic hyperthermic chemotherapy may offer a survival advantage in selected patients. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of hyperthermic intrathoracic extracorporeal chemotherapy (HITEC) in patients who underwent pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) for secondary malignant pleural disease (SPD).MethodsA total of 101 patients were evaluated over 72 months, with 35 patients electing to proceed with P/D and 60 minutes of HITEC with cisplatin at 42°C. Inclusion criteria were adults 18–79 years with unilateral pleural dissemination. Exclusion criteria were patients without control of primary site, extrathoracic metastatic disease, significant comorbidities, and a history of adverse reaction to cisplatin.ResultsMedian age was 56 years (36–73); 60% were women. SPD was thymoma in 13, breast cancer in 9, lung cancer in 6, colon cancer in 2, renal cell in 2, and esophageal, anal, and thymic cancers in one each. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative complications occurred in 18 patients (51%). No patient developed renal failure. Median follow‐up was 24 months (4–60). The overall survival rate was 61%; 17 patients (49%) developed recurrent disease at a median of 12 months (6–36). There were no recurrences after 36 months Eleven patients (31%) died of metastatic disease at a median of 17 months (7–25).ConclusionsSurgical cytoreduction of SPD followed by HITEC with cisplatin was well tolerated. No patient developed cisplatin‐related toxicities. Long‐term follow‐up is warranted to determine survival advantage and refinement of inclusion criteria.
Influence mechanisms of N addition on the concentration of soil dissolved organic matter in China
Authors: Xu Peidong , Shi Lei , Yang Xin , Yang Haoming , Dong Kuanhu , Wang Changhui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoil dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in regulating the cycling of terrestrial biogeochemistry. However, the influence mechanisms of nitrogen (N) addition on soil DOM concentration are not well understood at the regional scale. We performed a meta‐analysis of 1004 paired observations from 115 literature to explore how N addition affected the soil DOM concentration, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), in China. Overall, N addition markedly stimulated the soil DOC and DON concentrations by 5.2% and 33.1%, respectively. This implied that the stimulation by increased N availability than the suppression by decreased soil pH played a more important role in the soil DOM concentration under N addition. The N addition level showed a significantly positive correlation with the soil DOC and DON concentrations under N addition. The N addition influence on soil DOC concentration was decreased along with the increase in initial soil total nitrogen (TN). This demonstrated the microbial N mining theory in the low N soils and the stoichiometric decomposition theory in the high N soils at the regional scale. The mean annual precipitation (MAP) potentially facilitated the leaching out of soil DON and displayed a negative impact on the soil DON concentration under N addition. The increased soil depth and initial soil pH depressed the soil DOC concentration whereas stimulated the soil DON concentration under N addition. This indicated that DOC mostly accumulated in the top soil and DON largely leached to the deep soil. And the initial soil pH with high value perhaps promoted the uptake of DOC for microbes and the solubility of DON, and thus resulted in the opposite influences on the soil DOC and DON concentrations. Our study provided a mechanistic understanding on N addition influence on the C and N dynamics of terrestrial ecosystem at the regional scale.
Migraine management for the otolaryngologist
Authors: Brooks Kaitlyn A. , Tawk Karen , Djalilian Hamid R. , Hobson Candace E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize migraine pathophysiology, presentation, and current treatment strategies, specifically in regard to vestibulocochlear manifestations of migraine.MethodsNarrative review of available literature.ResultsMigraine disorder can be described as a spectrum of otologic manifestations, with vestibular migraine now recognized with fully‐fledged diagnostic criteria. Otologic manifestations are theorized to be due, in part, to trigeminal innervation of the inner ear structures and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) expression within the labyrinth. Patients can experience vertigo, aural fullness, enhanced tinnitus, and hearing loss without the characteristic migraine headache, leading to under recognition of these symptoms as migraine‐related. Meniere's disease, mal de débarquement syndrome, persistent postural perceptual dizziness, and recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo have close associations to migraine and may exist on the migraine spectrum. Migraine treatment consists of two goals: halting acute attacks (abortive therapy) and preventing attacks (prophylactic therapy). Abortive medications include triptans, corticosteroids, anti‐histamines, and anti‐emetics. Pharmacologic prophylaxis in conjunction with lifestyle modifications can decrease frequency and severity of symptoms and include tricyclic antidepressants, calcium channel blockers, anti‐epileptic medications, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, beta‐blockers, gepants, and monoclonal antibodies to CGRP. Promising evidence is emerging regarding the ability of migraine medications to positively treat the various otologic symptoms of migraine.ConclusionMigraine disorder manifesting with primarily cochleovestibular symptoms can be challenging to diagnose and manage for practicing clinicians. Patients with various vestibulopathies that are closely related to migraine may benefit from migraine treatment. Lifestyle choices and prophylactic medications are key to satisfactorily preventing acute migrainous attacks and improve function.
Advanced Silk Fibroin Biomaterials‐Based Microneedles for Healthcare
Authors: Lu Huihui , Wang Jiale , Li Jun , Gao Bingbing , He Bingfang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicroneedles are a promising transdermal drug delivery system that has the advantages of minimal invasiveness, painlessness, and on‐demand drug delivery compared with commonly used medical techniques. Natural resources are developed as next‐generation materials for microneedles with varying degrees of success. Among them, silk fibroin is a natural polymer obtained from silkworms with good biocompatibility, high hardness, and controllable biodegradability. These properties provide many opportunities for integrating silk fibroin with implantable microneedle systems. In this review, the research progress of silk fibroin microneedles in recent years is summarized, including their materials, processing technology, detection, drug release methods, and applications. Besides, the research and development of silk fibroin in a multidimensional way are analyzed. Finally, it is expected that silk fibroin microneedles will have excellent development prospects in various fields.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Flexible EVA/EG@PW Phase Change Composites with High Thermal Conductivity for Thermal Management
Authors: Quan Bingqing , Wang Mingchao , Hu Xinpeng , Zhu Chuanbiao , Liu Shuang , Wu Hao , Wu Lei , Li Xiaolong , Chen Xin , Lu Xiang , Qu Jinping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe working electronic devices and batteries generate a lot of heat, if this heats not release quickly, it will not only have a great impact on the performance of the devices, but also cause certain safety hazards. The passive thermal management based on organic phase change materials (PCMs) stands out due to its excellent temperature regulation capability as well as the buffer protection capability for device overload. In view of these, a series of flexible EVA/EG@PW (EE@P) phase change composites (PCCs) with high thermal conductivity are prepared by efficiently constructing porous skeletons and thermal conductive pathways through sacrificial template method, and introducing paraffin wax (PW) by simple vacuum impregnation technique. The PCC exhibits high thermal conductivity (2.6 W m−1 K−1), high enthalpy (153.5 J g−1), and good flexibility. In addition, the PCC possesses excellent cycling stability and thermal stability. In practical application, the PCC shows good temperature control ability for LED and shows great potential application in the field of thermal management.
Holmstedt's formula for the K‐functional: the limit case θ0=θ1$\theta _0=\theta _1$
Authors: Ahmed Irshaad , Fiorenza Alberto , Gogatishvili Amiran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider K‐interpolation spaces involving slowly varying functions, and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a Holmstedt‐type formula to be held in the limiting case . We also study the case . Applications are given to Lorentz–Karamata spaces, generalized gamma spaces, and Besov spaces.
Being unconventional: The impact of unconventional packaging messages on impulsive purchases
Authors: Das Manish , Balaji M. S. , Paul Subhrajit , Saha Victor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe visual and textual elements of packaging significantly impact consumer product evaluations. This study examines how unconventional packaging messages—a textual packaging element—influence impulsive product purchases. We also investigate the mediating role of curiosity and the moderating role of emoji (i.e., a visual packaging element). We conduct five studies to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that unconventional packaging messages are more effective for impulsive products than for planned purchases. Furthermore, unconventional packaging messages increase both healthy and nonhealthy impulsive product purchases. We find that consumer curiosity explains the enhanced impulsive product purchasing when unconventional packaging messages are used. When unconventional packaging messages are employed for impulsive products, the use of emojis increases customer curiosity. The results extend an understanding of unconventional elements in consumer evaluations of products and inform packaging and marketing strategies regarding how to promote impulsive product purchases in competitive markets.