bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pope Francis, climate message, and meat tax: evidence from survey experiment in Italy
Authors: Mrchkovska Nela , Dolšak Nives , Prakash Aseem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe livestock sector accounts for 14.5% of global greenhouse emissions. Using an online survey experiment (n = 1200) in Italy, we examine respondents’ willingness to support a public petition for a meat tax sponsored by a nongovernmental organization (NGO) after priming them with information on the environmental impact of meat and an embedded moral message. Aiming to test whether institutional authority enhances the appeal of the moral message, we include Pope Francis (a religious authority) and a Professor of Philosophy (a secular authority) as the treatment frames along with a no-messenger (control) frame. Overall, support for meat tax is not significant in any of the treatment frames. However, highly religious individuals (those that practice and intensely believe in religion) across denominations and frames are more supportive of the meat tax. Moreover, we also find that there is a slight backlash among highly religious individuals when they receive the message with the Pope as messenger.
Prognostic early snapshot stratification of autism based on adaptive functioning
Authors: Mandelli Veronica , Landi Isotta , Busuoli Elena Maria , Courchesne Eric , Pierce Karen , Lombardo Michael V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA major goal of precision medicine is to predict prognosis based on individualized information at the earliest possible points in development. Using early snapshots of adaptive functioning and unsupervised data-driven discovery methods, we uncover highly stable early autism subtypes that yield information relevant to later prognosis. Data from the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA) (n = 1,098) was used to uncover three early subtypes (<72 months) that generalize with 96% accuracy. Outcome data from NDA (n = 2,561; mean age, 13 years) also reproducibly clusters into three subtypes with 99% generalization accuracy. Early snapshot subtypes predict developmental trajectories in non-verbal cognitive, language and motor domains and are predictive of membership in different adaptive functioning outcome subtypes. Robust and prognosis-relevant subtyping of autism based on early snapshots of adaptive functioning may aid future research work via prediction of these subtypes with our reproducible stratification model.
NBS-induced intramolecular annulation reactions for the divergent synthesis of fused- and spirocyclic indolines
Authors: Luo Xian , Xu Meng-Meng , Xu Xiao-Ping , Ji Shun-Jun 
Published: May 2023

An NBS-induced intramolecular annulation of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propanamide is described. The C2-substituents on indole ring have great influence upon the generation of fused- and spirocyclic indolines.
SiamCCF: Siamese visual tracking via cross‐layer calibration fusion
Authors: Chen Si , Huang Huang , Zhu Shunzhi , Xu Huarong , He Yifan , Wang Da‐Han 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSiamese networks have attracted wide attention in visual tracking due to their competitive accuracy and speed. However, the existing Siamese trackers usually leverage a fixed linear aggregation of feature maps, which does not effectively fuse the different layers of features with attention. Besides, most of Siamese trackers calculate the similarity between the template and the search region through a cross‐correlation operation between the features of the last blocks from the two branches, which might introduce the redundant noise information. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes a novel Siamese visual tracking method via cross‐layer calibration fusion, termed SiamCCF. An attention‐based feature fusion module is employed using local attention and non‐local attention to fuse the features from the deep and shallow layers, so as to capture both local details and high‐level semantic information. Moreover, a cross‐layer calibration module can use the fused features to calibrate the features of the last network blocks and build the cross‐layer long‐range spatial and inter‐channel dependencies around each spatial location. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has achieved competitive tracking performance compared with state‐of‐the‐art trackers on challenging benchmarks, including OTB100, OTB2013, UAV123, UAV20L, and LaSOT.
An unconstrained relaxation digital‐to‐analog converter using optimal bit sequence
Authors: Li Mingze , Ma Guojun , Zhang Long , Zhu Jin , Zhu Qinhua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on the relaxation digital‐to‐analog converter (ReDAC) architecture and the capacitor charge/discharge function under discrete time conditions, this paper proposes a new mathematical model for the output voltage of the ReDAC to implement the unconstrained relaxation DAC (Uc‐ReDAC). The system clock calibration is not required. An adaptive probabilistic binary particle swarm optimization (AP‐BPSO) algorithm is proposed for solving the binary coding configuration problem under the Uc‐ReDAC model. Simulation results show that the 8‐bit (10‐bit) Uc‐ReDAC has an average sampling rate of 7.9 MS/s (6.76 MS/s).
A novel head network and group normalisation help track more accurately
Authors: Wang Jian , Tang Xinyi , Hao Yifan , Wu Dongjie , Ye Xiangzhou , Li Zheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost existing Siamese Network trackers rely on a predefined anchor box to predict object position. However, they require complicated hyperparameter settings. The authors directly forecast the object boundary by using the fully convolutional network as the head of the tracking network to solve this issue and simplify the application. The end‐to‐end design avoids the setting of hyperparameters and candidate boxes. The authors also discovered that the validation loss decreased less than the training loss throughout Siamese training. The authors changed the normalisation layer from batch normalisation to group normalisation to solve this issue. It solved the problem that the loss function is difficult to decrease and increased training efficiency. Test experiments on the tracking dataset, including VOT2019 and GOT10k, show that the authors’ network outperforms DaSiamRPN and SiamFC regarding precision under the same network size and runs at 24 FPS on an AMD 4800 CPU. It also runs at 306 FPS on a 3090 GPU.
Fast computation of voltage/VAR feasible boundaries of wind farms: An adaptive parameter aggregation dimensionality reduction equivalence method
Authors: Xue Lin , Niu Tao , Fang Sidun , Huang Tianen , Li Fan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEfficient voltage/VAR feasible boundary (VVFB) assessments for large‐scale wind farms can help reduce cascading trip risks. An accurate VVFB assessment result for such large‐scale wind farms, which is essentially a transient security constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) problem, may involve dynamic characteristics of all wind turbines in a whole wind farm, and the TSCOPF scale of VVFB assessment is quite huge and difficult to use directly for online computations. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive parameter aggregation dimensionality reduction equivalence (APA‐DRE) method to efficiently and accurately solve the VVFB problem. First, the core parameters are combined into an adjacency matrix as an input aggregation sample based on automatic weighting factors. The proposed between‐within proportion index is used to evaluate the aggregation result and determine the optimal aggregation number of input samples. Then, the original VVFB model is accurately transformed into a small‐scale problem represented by equivalent wind turbines with optimal numbers based on the principle of equal voltage differences. Finally, actual wind farm results validate that the proposed approach reduces the computation scale of the VVFB and improves the computation efficiency of the original model by approximately three times while ensuring accuracy.
Statistical study of extreme-ultraviolet nanoflares in the quiet-Sun transition region
Authors: Fludra A. 
Published: May 2023

Aims. We carried out a large statistical study of ubiquitous small-scale extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings in the nanoflare energy range in the quiet-Sun transition region to derive their properties, estimate their contribution to the heating of the solar atmosphere, and compare their numbers to the coronal events published in the literature. This is the first study of this magnitude at temperatures of about 2 × 105 K.
Methods. We applied a numerical method for detecting small-scale transient events in long 1D image time series. We used data recorded by the SOHO Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) in the transition region line O V 62.97 nm (220 000 K) and analysed 702 h of sit-and-stare time series obtained with a cadence of 15.6 s and 50 h with a cadence of 20.5 s in different quiet-Sun areas at a fixed slit position. These data span from 1996 to 2011. This analysis used a different method and a vastly larger number of data than the previous high-cadence CDS study of small events.
Results. We derive histograms of event durations, of the rise and decay time, of the peak intensity and thermal energy, and we obtain a continuous spectrum of their distributions for 117 000 events, spanning the nanoflare energy range with a linear spatial extent of 2−10 arcsec and with durations between 45 s and 40 min. The event peak intensity varied by a factor of 60. We demonstrated that all categories of small-scale events in the transition region are part of a continuum of activity. We obtain a total event rate of 460 s−1 on the entire surface of the Sun. This is more than four times greater than the coronal rate. The maximum value of the duration distribution occurs at 235 s, which is twice the duration of the coronal events. The decay time and rise time difference seen from the shortest to the longest events is symmetrical. We find two event populations: the power law of the smallest events that are confined to one pixel is far steeper for the peak count rates (index of −4.1) and thermal energy (index of −7) than the power law for combined larger events that extend over two or more pixels along the slit (thermal energy power-law index from −2.1 to −3.4).
Conclusions. The power law of the thermal energy of the smallest events, extrapolated to lower energies (picoflares), may provide a huge amount of energy for heating the entire transition region plasma at temperatures of about 220 000 K. An extrapolation of only the flatter power law of the larger events can also account for the entire observed emission.
Temperature and density dependence of line profiles of sodium perturbed by helium
Authors: Allard N. F. , Myneni K. , Blakely J. N. , Guillon G. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Ultracool stellar atmospheres and hot exoplanets show absorption by alkali resonance lines severely broadened by collisions with neutral perturbers. In the coolest and densest atmospheres, such as those of T dwarfs, Na I and K I broadened by molecular hydrogen and helium can come to dominate the entire optical spectrum. The effects of Na–He collision broadening are also central to understanding the opacity of cool DZ white dwarf stars.
Aims. In order to be able to construct synthetic spectra of brown dwarfs and cool DZ white dwarfs, where helium density can reach several 1021 cm−3, Na–He line profiles of the resonance lines have been computed over a wide range of densities and temperatures.
Methods. Unified line profiles that are valid from the core to the far wings at high densities are calculated in the semiclassical approach using up-to-date molecular data including electronic spin-orbit coupling from the sodium atom. Far wings are extended to more than 4000 cm−1 from the line center when the helium density can reach 1021 cm−3 at 5000 K.
Results. We present a comprehensive study of Na–He collisional profiles at high density, and temperatures from 5000 K, which is the temperature prevailing in the atmosphere of ultra-cool DZ white dwarf stars, down to 1 K, which is the temperature in liquid helium clusters. Collision broadening and shift parameters within the impact approximation obtained in the semiclassical and quantum theory using our new accurate molecular data are presented.
Therapie der eosinophilen Ösophagitis - Fortschritte und Perspektiven
Authors: Miehlke Stephan , Arnim Ulrike von , Schlag Christoph , Labenz Joachim , Madisch Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn jüngster Zeit wurden in der Therapie der eosinophilen Ösophagitis (EoE) und insbesondere im Bereich der topischen Corticosteroide erhebliche Fortschritte erreicht. Neue EoE-spezifische Darreichungsformen wurden entwickelt und haben in Form der orodispersiblen Budesonid-Tablette zu der ersten in Deutschland und anderen europäischen und außereuropäischen Ländern zugelassenen Therapie der EoE bei Erwachsenen geführt. In den USA steht eine EoE-spezifische orale Budesonid-Suspension kurz vor der Zulassung. Dagegen bleibt die wissenschaftliche Datenlage zur Wirksamkeit von Protonenpumpeninhibtoren weiterhin limitiert. Auch im Bereich der Biologika konnten nach langer Zeit Substanzen identifiziert werden, die erstmals in Phase 2 sehr vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt haben und sich derzeit in klinischen Prüfungen der Phase 3 befinden. In diesem Artikel sollen die aktuellen Fortschritte und Perspektiven in der Therapie der EoE dargestellt und diskutiert werden.
Behandlung extremer maxillärer Retrognathien
Authors: Handschel Jörg , Nienkemper Manuel 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungExtreme maxilläre Retrognathien die häufig eingebettet sind in eine Mittelgesichtshypoplasie stellen ganz besondere Herausforderungen an mögliche Therapieverfahren. Neben den eher seltenen syndromalen Formen der Hypoplasie (z.B. M. Crouzon) stellen die Retrognathien bei Patienten mit Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten (LKG) sicherlich die häufigste Gruppe dar.
Digitales Design und Herstellung gedruckter Titan-Platten für die kieferorthopädische Therapie: CAD/CAM Mentoplate
Authors: Küffer Maximilian , Wilmes Benedict , Drescher Dieter 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Knochenmorphologie jedes Menschen weist einzigartige Strukturen auf. Deshalb lassen sich Mini-Platten, wie beispielsweise die Mentoplate, nur in stark vereinfachter Form konfektioniert herstellen. Konfektionierte Platten benötigen deshalb eine zeitaufwendige intraoperative Anpassung, um annähernd den knöchernen Strukturen zu entsprechen. Durch Intraoralscans und dreidimensionale Bildgebung lässt sich die anatomische Situation so präzise wiedergeben, dass im CAD/CAM-Verfahren individualisierte Mini-Platten und kieferorthopädische Apparaturen hergestellt werden können. Dies reduziert Risiken und Komplikationen, die mit der Insertion einer Mini-Platte einhergehen können. Da die Mini-Platten zudem mithilfe einer Einsetzhilfe (Insertions-Guide) eingesetzt werden, ermöglicht dies eine präzise Umsetzung geplanter Zahnbewegungen und verringert die Operationsdauer bei der Insertion deutlich. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt mögliche digitale Herstellungsverfahren zur Anfertigung individuell gedruckter Mini-Platten und der auf diesen verankerten kieferorthopädischen Apparaturen.
A Case Report of COVID-19-Related Dactylitis Combined with
Chilblain-Like Acral Lesions
Authors: Kulyk Myroslava , Novytska Anna , Potemka Ruslana , Ivashkivskyi Oleksiy , Karasevska Tetyana , Mostbauer Halyna , Dzhus Marta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis case report describes the occurrence of symmetrical dactylitis of toes
combined with chilblain-like acral lesions in a 32-year-old female patient 19
days after a mild coronavirus infection. The article addresses existing problems
of managing patients after COVID-19 in daily clinical practice. Scientific
evidence is pointing to a growing number of cases of articular and skin
involvement associated with COVID-19. However, it remains unclear what
approaches to use in the treatment of such patients.
Reduction in Seroma Rate Following Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap with Umbilectomy Utilizing Progressive Tension Sutures
Authors: Lakatta Alexis C. , Steppe Cyrus , Teotia Sumeet S. , Haddock Nicholas T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Umbilectomy has been implemented in both abdominoplasties and deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps to improve abdominal wound healing and better control the location of the neoumbilicus; however, seroma rates are increased. The objective of this study is to compare the seroma rate following DIEP flap reconstruction with umbilectomy when progressive tension sutures (PTS) are implemented.
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate postoperative seroma rates in patients undergoing DIEP flap breast reconstruction at a single academic institution between January 2015 and September 2022. All procedures were performed by two senior surgeons. Patients were included if their umbilicus was removed intraoperatively. PTS were utilized in all abdominal closures beginning in late February 2022. Demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications were evaluated.
Results A total of 241 patients underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction with intraoperative umbilectomy. Forty-three consecutive patients received PTS. Overall complications were significantly lower in those who received PTS (p = 0.007). There were no abdominal seromas (0%) in patients who received PTS, whereas 14 (7.1%) occurred without PTS. The use of PTS conferred a decreased likelihood of abdominal seroma (5.687× lower risk, p = 0.017). Additionally, wound formation was significantly lower in those who received PTS (p = 0.031).
Conclusion The use of PTS in the abdominal closure during DIEP flap reconstruction addresses the previously seen rise in seroma rates when concomitant umbilectomy is performed. Decrease in both donor-site wounds and now seroma rates reaffirm the efficacy of removing the umbilicus to improve patient outcomes.
Treatment of Rat Lymphedema by Propeller Lymphatic Tissue Flap Combined with Nanofibrillar Collagen Scaffolds
Authors: Dionyssiou Dimitrios , Nguyen Dung , Topalis Anastasios , Deptula Peter , Paukshto Michael , Zaitseva Tatiana , Demiri Efterpi , Cheva Angeliki , Rockson Stanley 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The aim of our study was to evaluate a new propeller vascularized lymphatic tissue flap (pVLNT) combined with aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds (CS) (BioBridge) in reducing lymphedema in the rat lymphedema model.
Methods Unilateral left hindlimb lymphedema was created in 15 female Sprague–Dawley rats following inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes (LN) resection and radiation. An inguinal pVLNT was elevated from the contralateral groin and transferred through a skin tunnel to the affected groin. Four collagen threads were attached to the flap and inserted in the hindlimb at the subcutaneous level in a fan shape. The three study groups consisted of group A (control), group B (pVLNT), and group C (pVLNT + CS). Volumetric analysis of both hindlimbs was performed using micro-computed tomography imaging before the surgery (at initial time point) and then at 1 and 4 months, postoperatively, and the relative volume difference (excess volume) was measured for each animal. Lymphatic drainage was assessed by indocyanine green (ICG) fluoroscopy for number and morphology of new collectors and the time required for ICG to move from injection point to the midline.
Results Four months after the induction of lymphedema, an increased relative volume difference remained in group A (5.32 ± 4.74%), while there was a significant relative volume reduction in group B (−13.39 ± 8.55%) and an even greater reduction in group C (−14.56 ± 5.04%). ICG fluoroscopy proved the functional restoration of lymphatic vessels and viability of pVLNT in both B and C groups. Notably, only group C demonstrated statistically significant improvements in lymphatic pattern/morphology and in the number of lymphatic collectors as compared with the control group A.
Conclusion The pedicle lymphatic tissue flap combined with SC is an effective procedure for the treatment of lymphedema in rats. It can be easily translated into treatment of humans' lower and upper limb lymphedema and further clinical studies are warranted.
Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Cyclobutenes Using LED Technology
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Smyth Megan , Moody Thomas S. , Wharry Scott 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCyclobutenes are highly strained ring systems of considerable synthetic interest that can be accessed via cycloaddition reactions between alkenes and alkynes. However, their traditional preparation relies on photochemical [2+2] cycloadditions that exploit low-wavelength UV radiation emitted from inefficient medium-pressure Hg lamps. This paper reports on the development of a modern approach using a high-power LED set-up emitting at the boundary of UV-A and visible light in conjunction with a continuous-flow reactor. The resulting flow process renders a series of cyclobutenes from maleimides and various commercial alkynes. This provides a more energy-efficient approach that is readily scalable to access multigram quantities of cyclobutenes in high chemical yields and short residence times. The value of these products is exemplified by flow-based hydrogenations yielding highly substituted cyclobutanes which represent sought after building blocks in modern medicinal chemistry programs.
Enantioselective Formal Synthesis of (–)-Catharanthine through Enzyme-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of a meso-Azabicyclo [2.2.2]octane
Authors: Harada Shingo , Gröger Harald , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Ikeda Kotaro , Hashimoto Yoshinori , Homma Haruka , Kono Masato , Zumbrägel Nadine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIboga-type indole alkaloids are a promising compound group of potentially effective drugs. The common indole-fused pentacyclic skeleton is composed of an isoquinuclidine, and both enantiomers of this architecture are naturally present. In this study, we used enzymatic desymmetrization to obtain an optically active isoquinuclidine possessing four chiral carbon centers from a prochiral diester in one step. In addition, we synthesized a pentacyclic intermediate for catharanthine in an enantioenriched form through the late-stage construction of the common Iboga scaffold.
Synthesis of Trifunctional Thiazole-Fused Anthranilonitrile and Anthranilic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Besson Thierry , Broudic Nathan , Pacheco-Benichou Alexandra , Fruit Corinne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of trifunctional isomeric benzothiazoles derived from nitroanthranilic acids and their corresponding anthranilonitrile analogues is studied. Compared to previous work, the reaction sequence affords convenient access to hitherto undescribed 2-cyanobenzothiazoles. For further synthetic applications of these polyfunctional compounds, a hydrolysis–decarboxylation sequence is performed in an acidic medium (HCl or HBr), leading to an enlarged array of relevant building blocks.