bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Myasthenia Gravis and Higher Extrathymic Cancer Risk
Authors: Khateb Mohamed , Zant Mai Abu , Bsoul Alaa , Karny Tomer , Yarnitsky David , Shelly Shahar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) is strongly associated with thymic tumors, but whether it is also associated with extrathymic cancers is debatable or whether MG can be considered a paraneoplastic disorder for extrathymic cancers.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the MG cohort for 23 years' time (January 2000 to May 2023), extracting cancer rates with clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical cancer associations and the effect of chronic medications.ResultsWe identified 436 patients with MG and 3924 controls. The median age at symptom onset was 64 (5–93 years) for males and 54 (1–87 years) for females. MG symptoms at onset were recorded as ocular (60%), strictly bulbar (10%), or generalized (23%). Extrathymic cancer was found in 32% of MG patients. In 3%, thymic and extrathymic cancers co‐occurred. Compared to controls, neurology (12.2%, 159/1308), internal medicine (24.4%, 319/1308), or rheumatology (12%, 157/1308), MG patients had significantly higher rates of extrathymic cancers (p < 0.001). Compared to the rheumatology group, the cancer relative risk of 2.97, CI = 2.5–3.4. Furthermore, the prevalence of extrathymic cancers was significantly increased within the paraneoplastic time window, defined as ±5 years from cancer diagnosis to myasthenia onset (p < 0.01).ConclusionMG was significantly associated with an increased risk of extrathymic cancers, particularly within the paraneoplastic time window. These findings suggest that MG might potentially behave as a paraneoplastic disorder.
Cortical Gyrification and Cognitive Decline in the Human Brain With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lu Weiye , Chen Yuna , Cao Zidong , Sun Zhizhong , Qiu Wenbin , Ge Limin , Tan Xin , Liang Yi , Qiu Shijun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to abnormal brain structure and cognitive dysfunction. However, there is a lack of studies conducted to assess the impact of diabetes on cortical gyrification and cognition. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the potential negative effects of glucose metabolism levels on cognition and cortical gyrification in T2DM.MethodsThe current study comprised 83 patients with T2DM and 60 individuals with normal glucose metabolism (NGM). The calculation of the local gyrification index (LGI) was performed utilizing the FreeSurfer software. Subsequently, between‐group differences were examined through the utilization of analysis of covariance. Multivariable linear regression and mediation models were employed to investigate the relationships among LGI, glucose metabolism and cognition.ResultsOur study found that the mean LGI of the entire brain in individuals with T2DM was lower than that of NGM, and these significant hypogyria were mainly located in the bilateral temporal lobes, including the left superior temporal cortex, left transverse temporal cortex, and bilateral temporal pole, with the greatest effect size in the left temporal pole (p = 5.7×10−7, Cohen's f2 = 0.169). In addition, the relationship between fasting blood glucose and working memory was mediated by the LGI in the right temporal pole.ConclusionOur experiment suggests that the decreased LGI in the right temporal pole explains poorer working memory performance in patients with T2DM.
Intimate Partner Violence and Subsequent Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Watson Christopher B. , Bitsika Vicki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) and depression are global health concerns with high prevalence rates and substantial negative impacts on individuals and the wider community. Women are particularly vulnerable to both IPV victimization and depressive disorders, and both are recognized worldwide as priorities for women's health. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine whether recent longitudinal empirical evidence supports exposure to IPV as a contributing factor to the subsequent onset of depression in women.MethodsA search was performed in August 2024 of the Medline, PsychInfo, and EBSCOHost databases for longitudinal studies published after the year 2013, and 1193 studies were identified. Studies were included if they were written in English and measured IPV as an independent variable with depression as a dependent variable. Studies were excluded if depression was not measured separately from other variables or did not report primary quantitative data. Eleven studies with 118,544 female participants met the inclusion criteria for review.ResultsTen of the 11 reviewed studies reported a statistically significant positive association between exposure to IPV and depression in women. A random effects meta‐analysis was used to generate pooled odds ratios from nine estimates, which demonstrated that female IPV survivors have significantly increased odds of developing subsequent depression (OR = 1.92, (95% CI: 1.28, 2.86); although, there was high heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 98.3%, p < 0.001). Ten of the 11 studies were from high‐income, industrialized countries, which limits the global application of these findings.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that IPV may be one of many contributing factors for depression in women. However, variability in the definition of IPV and inconsistent adjustment for confounders across studies limits firm conclusions. The findings of this review suggest that strategies to prevent IPV could play a role in reducing the prevalence of depression. They also support the inclusion of depression screening for survivors of IPV in clinical approaches and a review of the effectiveness of IPV‐related depression intervention strategies.
Study on the Therapeutic Effects of Bisdemethoxycurcumin on a Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Mouse Model Established via Chronic Treatment With Five Vascular Risk Factors
Authors: Lin Shudong , Zhu Guanghua , Xie Juan , Wen Xuanwei , Deng Limin , Li Sijing , Liu Guozhi , Wang Feiyan , Chen Shuangxi , Xiao Zijian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is recognized as a major contributor to progressive cognitive decline and cerebral hemorrhages in the elderly population. Currently, there is a global shortage of safe and effective treatments for this condition. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) has been demonstrated to exhibit pharmacological effects with anti‐Aβ toxicity properties. Thus, the present study mainly focused on the potential therapeutic effects of BDMC on CAA.MethodThe 30 male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to chronic treatment with five vascular risk factors (lipopolysaccharide, social stress, streptozotocin, high‐cholesterol diet, and copper‐containing drinking water) for 35 weeks to establish a CAA mouse model. Of these, 15 CAA mice received oral administration of BDMC (50 mg/kg) for two consecutive weeks as an intervention, while the remaining 15 CAA mice received an equal volume of physiological saline by gavage. The study observed the levels of Aβ40 and proinflammatory factors in brain tissue and plasma, Aβ deposition in cerebral blood vessels, microbleeds in brain tissue, expression of proteins related to the cGAS/STING signaling pathway in brain tissue, as well as the contents of p‐RIPK‐1, p‐RIPK‐3, p‐MLKL, neuronal morphology, and learning and memory abilities in mice.ResultThe therapeutic administration of BDMC demonstrates a pronounced efficacy in alleviating Aβ burden and cerebral microbleeding in CAA mice, concurrently enhancing learning and memory capabilities. Interestingly, BDMC may inhibits neuroinflammatory responses by reducing the expression of cGAS/STING signaling pathway proteins and suppresses necroptosis.ConclusionOur research findings demonstrate that BDMC exerts therapeutic effects in a mouse model of CAA established through chronic treatment involving five vascular risk factors.
Causal Relationship Between Emotional Disorders and Thyroid Disorders: A Bidirectional Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Fan Jiaying , Zhou Kai , Yu Cuiwen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe interplay between emotional disorders and thyroid disorders has been subject to numerous observational studies, which have consistently reported associations but have failed to establish clear causal links due to the multifactorial etiology and influences. We conducted a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the genetic causal association between emotional disorders and thyroid disorders.MethodsWe employed several methods, including inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger regression. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted using MR‐Egger, MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR‐PRESSO), Cochran's Q, and leave‐one‐out methods.ResultsIVW results showed negative causal relationships between bidirectional emotional disorders and hypothyroidism, toxic single thyroid nodules in thyrotoxicosis, and hyperthyroidism/toxicity. Additionally, there was a positive causal relationship between anxiety disorders and hypothyroidism. IVW results of reverse MR analysis estimates revealed a positive causal relationship between hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, and recurrent or chronic depression. Additionally, there was a negative causal relationship between hyperthyroidism/toxicity and bipolar disorder.ConclusionThis bidirectional two‐sample MR study preliminarily reveals a complex, bidirectional causal relationship between emotional disorders and thyroid disorders, particularly highlighting the role of thyroid dysfunction in the development of certain emotional disorders and vice versa.
The Impact of Long‐Term Tai Chi Practice on the Trust Behavior of Middle‐Aged People
Authors: Hong Hao , Yu Xin , Li Qiaoling , Li Bing , Zhang Panpan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTrust behavior is of fundamental importance for social stability and development. Middle‐aged people, owing to their abundant social resources and extensive experience, have a significant impact through their trust behavior. However, research on enhancing their trust behavior is relatively scarce. Tai Chi, as an activity that combines physical and mental exercise characteristics, may potentially influence the trust behavior of middle‐aged people, yet direct research in this regard is lacking. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of Tai Chi on the trust behavior of middle‐aged people and its underlying neural mechanisms.MethodThis study recruited two groups of middle‐aged individuals as research participants. Specifically, the Tai Chi group consisted of 37 middle‐aged people with long‐term Tai Chi practice experience, while the control group comprised 29 middle‐aged individuals without any Tai Chi practice background. The behavioral performance and EEG data of the participants in both groups were recorded during their participation in the trust game.ResultsAt the behavioral level, the trust rate of the Tai Chi group was higher than the random level (50%), and they made decisions more quickly. The event‐related potential (ERP) data revealed that there were interaction effects between the Tai Chi group and the control group in the P2 and N2 components, which are ERP indicators during the decision‐making stage. Moreover, in the feedback stage, the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) amplitude evoked in the Tai Chi group was smaller than that in the control group.ConclusionLong‐term practice of Tai Chi can enhance decision‐making speed and influence brain activity. It provides important reference for understanding the relationship between Tai Chi and the trust behavior of middle‐aged people. Although there are limitations in this study, it lays a foundation for future research.
Assessing the Causal Relationship Between Various Immune Cells and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ge Qian , Li Zhongyan , Meng Weijing , Cai Chen , Qiu Mengdi , Liu Yafei , Zhu Haibo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmune system modulation has been shown to have a significant impact on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used in this study to investigate the potential role of different immune cells in the development of ADHD to provide therapy and preventative alternatives.MethodsIn this study, 731 immune cells and the risk of ADHD were examined using publicly accessible genetic data and a two‐sample MR analysis. Included were four different types of immunological profiles: determinate cells (DC), proportional cells (PC), median brightness level (MBL), and morphological characteristics (MA). It was discovered that single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are linked to ADHD. To evaluate the dependability of the results, we conducted sensitivity analysis (heterogeneity and pleiotropy) and employed supplementary MR techniques, such as the inverse variance weighted (IVW) and MR‐Egger. Graphs are used to display the final findings of the pertinent analyses.ResultsFollowing MR analysis, immune cells associated with a few low p value phenotypes may influence ADHD, and these immune cells may serve as an inspiration for clinical treatment practices that aim to prevent and cure ADHD. Immune cell phenotypes that may both increase and worsen the likelihood of having ADHD were identified by IVW results. These included CD27 on memory B cells (OR = 1.066, 95% CI = 1.024–1.109, p = 2E−3) and CD27 on IgD−CD38− (OR = 1.059, 95% CI = 1.018–1.103, p = 5E−3), among others. Immune cell phenotypes that may act as a safeguard against ADHD included CD3 on resting Treg (OR = 0.925, 95% CI = 0.888–0.963, p = 1.5E−4) and SSC‐A on monocytes (OR = 0.951, 95% CI = 0.924–0.980, p = 8.5E−4), among others. The primary findings and the outcomes of the sensitivity analysis matched.ConclusionsThis study provides a broad theoretical foundation for the development of immune‐oriented therapeutic strategies in future clinical practice by demonstrating a potential genetic relationship between immune cells and ADHD. This study also advances our understanding of how to use the immune pathway to prevent and treat ADHD.
Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Association Between Mitochondrial Proteins and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Jing Zhou , Wang Qingyi , Li Minghe , Lu Bingqi , Huo Ao , Zhao Chenglin , Zhou Huanyu , Liang Wulong , Hu Weihua , Fu Xudong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeurodegenerative diseases involve progressive neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline, posing substantial global challenges. Although the precise causes remain unclear, several studies highlight the role of protein metabolism abnormalities in disease development. This study investigates the causal links between variations in mitochondrial protein genes and neurodegenerative diseases, aiming to elucidate their potential contributions to disease progression and identify novel therapeutic strategies.MethodsHerein, we utilized data from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on mitochondrial proteins and neurodegenerative diseases. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR), employing instrumental variables (IVs), was used to assess causal relationships. The primary method for estimating causal effects was the inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) method, supplemented by additional MR approaches.ResultsBidirectional MR revealed significant associations between mitochondrial protein gene variants and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, associations were found with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (three proteins), Parkinson's disease (PD) (four proteins), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (six proteins), multiple sclerosis (two proteins), and dementia with Lewy bodies (four proteins). Conversely, analyses indicated significant associations of neurodegenerative diseases with mitochondrial protein gene variants, notably with AD, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple sclerosis, affecting multiple mitochondrial protein levels. Bidirectional causality was observed between dementia with Lewy bodies and C21orf33.ConclusionsUsing MR, we identified significant links between mitochondrial protein gene mutations and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. These results highlight reciprocal relationships where certain neurodegenerative diseases influence mitochondrial protein expression levels. These findings underscore the pivotal role of mitochondrial proteins in neurodegenerative diseases, offering critical insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues.
Influence of Water Content on Electrochemical CO2 Reduction in Acetonitrile Solution on Cu Electrodes
Authors: Deacon-Price Connor , Chen Nina , Lal Ashique , Broersen Pim , Meijer Evert Jan , Garcia Amanda C. 
Published: January 2025

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) on copper electrodes in acetonitrile (MeCN) solutions offers a promising route for converting CO2 into valuable products, but it competes with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study systematically explores the impact of varying water content in MeCN on the selectivity and efficiency of CO2RR and HER. Through cyclic voltammetry, we observe that increasing water content shifts onset potentials and Tafel slopes, indicating changes in reaction mechanisms and rate‐determining steps. In dry MeCN, CO2RR is predominant due to high CO2 solubility and limited proton availability. As water content increases, HER kinetics improve significantly, eventually dominating the reaction at higher water concentrations.
In situ FTIR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that water preferentially adsorbs onto the copper electrode surface, enhancing the stabilization of reaction intermediates and facilitating HER. Additionally, the clustering of water in MeCN plays a crucial role in the observed reaction dynamics, with water clusters influencing the availability and reactivity of surface‐bound species. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing electrochemical systems for selective CO2 reduction by controlling water content, offering a pathway for improved electrocatalytic performance.
A Boosting Strategy of Photovoltaics by Stacking Monolayer InSe and β‐Sb into Heterostructure
Authors: Lu Meihong , Gao Penghui , Su Xiaohui , Liu Pengcheng , Wang Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIdentifying two‐dimensional (2D) solar photovoltaic devices with high efficiency remains an urgent challenge in addressing current energy demands. Considering the limitations of isolated 2D systems in the photovoltaic applications, the most effective solution is stacking them into van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). However, the favorable factors for photovoltaics in vdWHs are still uncertain, nor is their intrinsic enrichment or enhancement mechanism on photovoltaics being clear. Here, based on the typical monolayer transition metal‐chalcogenide compound InSe and β‐phase antimonene (Sb), we propose a boosting strategy on photovoltaic performances by stacking them into the InSe/Sb vdWH. After confirming the feasibility of its experimental synthesis, several superior photovoltaic related characteristics are verified than its components. Including the more moderately sized indirect to direct band gap, the higher electron mobilities than those of monolayer InSe, the hindrance of carrier recombination due to the staggered type‐II band alignment, and the stronger and red‐shifted optical harvesting abilities because of the band redistribution. In addition, further researches are conducted on the additional superior characteristics of such stacked InSe/Sb vdWH in 2D photovoltaic devices. Such as the red‐shifted photocurrent into the infrared light range, the superior photoelectric conversion efficiencies in the visible light region, and the higher photovoltaic quality factors including the photon responsivity
and external quantum efficiency
than its components and many other typical vdWHs. Therefore, we have not only proposed a InSe/Sb vdWH with superior performances and potential applications in photovoltaics, but the formation principles of the type‐II band alignment in the vdWH accompany with its promotion mechanisms on solar photovoltaics can provide powerful theoretical guidances for future experimental design and preparation of 2D high‐efficiency photovoltaic devices.
35Cl NMR of Metal‐Organic Frameworks: What Can We Learn?
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Lucier Bryan E. G. , Willans Mathew J. , Huang Yining 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a diverse class of hybrid organic‐inorganic materials with a wide range of applications. Chlorine often plays a crucial role in MOF structures; the local environment about Cl significantly affects material properties and applications. It is shown that direct characterization of Cl local environments within MOFs using 35Cl wideline solid‐state NMR (SSNMR) provides unique insights into the local electronic and chemical structure, including the Cl bonding mode. 35Cl SSNMR provides clear information regarding hydrogen bonding within MOFs and also yields direct evidence of phase transitions. There is a strong correlation linking 35Cl quadrupolar interaction parameters to local bond lengths and angles. It is also shown that 35Cl SSNMR of MOFs can be effective when paramagnetic centers are directly bound to Cl, greatly expanding the applicability of this approach. Density functional theory calculations of quadrupolar interaction parameters are in good agreement with experimental values, particularly when dispersion corrections are used for geometry optimization. This work highlights the broad potential of 35Cl SSNMR for investigating MOFs and invites further applications in the field.
Production of Uniform Electrospun 2‐Cyanopyridinium Salicylate – Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibersusing Cylindrical Bar Collector for Nonlinear Optical Applications
Authors: Manohor Prasad Kintali , Divagar S. , Srinivasan P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe electrospinning technique was used to synthesize nanofibers of organic 2‐cynopyridinium salicylate (2‐CPSC) molecules embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer using both a drum collector and an indigenously made parallel bar cylindrical collector unit. The microscopical analysis was performed for the preliminary morphological study of the collected nanofibers using both a drum collector and a parallel bar collector. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis confirmed the formation of smooth, clear, cylindrical shape, and highly homogenous 2‐CPSC – PVA nanofibers collected from the parallel bar collector unit compared to the drum collector, and these homogenous nanofibers were selected for further characterization. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study demonstrates the preferred crystallographic orientation of organic 2‐CPSC molecules inside the host PVA polymer. The synthesized nanofibers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy to confirm the presence of different molecular vibrations. Using ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopic analysis, the complete transparency of the 2‐CPSC – PVA nanofiber throughout the visible region is observed, and from Tauc's plot, the obtained optical band gap energy (Eg) is 5.24 eV. The Z‐scan technique was employed to investigate the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), nonlinear refractive index (n2), and third‐order nonlinear susceptibility (
).