bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on health experiences of asylum seekers to the United States
Authors: Singer Elizabeth , Molyneux Kevin , Gogerly-Moragoda Mahalya , Kee Dustin , Baranowski Kim A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated preexisting barriers to accessing healthcare and social services faced by asylum seekers to the United States. This study aimed to uncover the impact of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic on asylum seekers, including socio-economic stressors and access to medical information, healthcare, and testing.

Method
We conducted 15 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with adult asylum seekers to the U.S. and systematically analyzed the resulting transcripts using a consensual qualitative research approach.

Results
The transcripts yielded six domains: (1) knowledge and understanding of COVID-19; (2) attitudes and practices relating to COVID-19 precautions; (3) experience of COVID-19 symptoms; (4) current physical and mental health; (5) access to and interaction with health care; (6) discrimination based on asylum status.

Conclusions
Although participants had knowledge about COVID-19’s communicability and regularly used masks, their living conditions frequently hindered their ability to quarantine and isolate, and their lack of insurance was often a deterrent to them seeking medical care. Notably, immigration status was not a significant factor discouraging participants from seeking care during the pandemic. The findings build on existing knowledge about this community and may help define areas where support and services can be expanded in current and future pandemics.
Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and proinsulin by bone marrow-derived cells for fracture healing in long-term diabetic mice
Authors: Fujikawa Hitomi , Kojima Hideto , Terashima Tomoya , Katagi Miwako , Yayama Takafumi , Kumagai Kosuke , Mori Kanji , Saito Hideki , Imai Shinji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes bone dysfunction due to poor bone quality, leading to severe deterioration in patient of quality of life. The mechanisms of bone metabolism in DM remain unclear, although chemical and/or mechanical factors are known to disrupt the homeostasis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The purpose of this study was to identify the changes of osteoblasts and osteoclasts under long-term hyperglycaemic conditions, using a mouse fracture model of long-term hyperglycemia (LT-HG).

Methods
C57BL/6J mice and green fluorescent protein (GFP) -positive bone marrow transplanted C57BL/6J mice with LT-HG, maintained under a state of hyperglycaemia for 2 months, were used in this study. After the experimental fracture, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of proinsulin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α at the fracture site. C57BL/6J fracture model mice without hyperglycaemia were used as controls.

Results
In the LT-HG mice, chondrocyte resorption was delayed, and osteoblasts showed an irregular arrangement at the callus site. The osteoclasts were scattered with a decrement in the number of nuclei. The expression of proinsulin was confirmed in bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) with neovascularization 2 and 3 weeks after fracture. Immunopositivity for TNF-α was also confirmed in immature chondrocytes and BMDCs with neovascularization at 2 weeks, and the number of positive cells was not decreased at 3 weeks. Examination of GFP-grafted hyperglycaemic mice showed that the majority of cells at the fracture site were GFP-positive. Immunohistochemistry showed that the rate of double positives was 15% for GFP and proinsulin and 47% for GFP and TNF-α.

Conclusion
LT-HG induces an increase in the number of proinsulin and TNF-α positive cells derived from BMDCs. We suggest that proinsulin and TNF-α positive cells are involved in both bone formation and bone resorption after fracture under hyperglycaemic conditions, resulting in the delay of bone healing.
Support for relatives in the intensive care unit: lessons from a cross-sectional multicentre cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Renckens Sophie C. , Pasman H. Roeline , Klop Hanna T. , du Perron Chantal , van Zuylen Lia , Steegers Monique A. H. , ten Tusscher Birkitt L. , Abbink Floor C. H. , de Ruijter Wouter , Vloet Lilian C. M. , Koster Stephanie C. E. , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Support for relatives is highly important in the intensive care unit (ICU). During the first COVID-19 wave support for relatives had to be changed considerably. The alternative support could have decreased the quality and sense of support. We aimed to evaluate how support for relatives in Dutch ICUs was organised during the first COVID-19 wave and how this was experienced by these relatives in comparison to relatives from pre-COVID-19 and the second wave. Additionally, we aimed to investigate which elements of support are associated with positive experiences.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional multicentre cohort study in six Dutch ICUs in the Netherlands. Written questionnaires were distributed among relatives of ICU patients from pre-COVID-19, the first wave and the second wave. The questionnaire included questions on demographics, the organisation of support, and the experiences and satisfaction of relatives with the support.

Results
A total of 329 relatives completed the questionnaire (52% partner, 72% woman and 63% ICU stay of 11 days or longer). Support for relatives of ICU patients during the first COVID-19 wave differed significantly from pre-COVID-19 and the second wave. Differences were found in all categories of elements of support: who, when, how and what. Overall, relatives from the three time periods were very positive about the support. The only difference in satisfaction between the three time periods, was the higher proportion of relatives indicating that healthcare professionals had enough time for them during the first wave. Elements of support which were associated with many positive experiences and satisfaction were: fixed timeslot, receiving information (e.g. leaflets) on ≥ 2 topics, discussing > 5 topics with healthcare professionals, and being offered emotional support.

Conclusions
Although, support for relatives in the ICU changed considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic, relatives were still positive about this support. The altered support gave insight into avenues for improvement for future comparable situations as well as for normal daily ICU practice: e.g. daily contact at a fixed timeslot, offering video calling between patients and relatives, and offering emotional support. ICUs should consider which elements need improvement in their practice.
Management of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a primer
Authors: Grotberg John C. , Reynolds Daniel , Kraft Bryan D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis narrative review explores the physiology and evidence-based management of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and refractory hypoxemia, with a focus on mechanical ventilation, adjunctive therapies, and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO). Severe ARDS cases increased dramatically worldwide during the Covid-19 pandemic and carry a high mortality. The mainstay of treatment to improve survival and ventilator-free days is proning, conservative fluid management, and lung protective ventilation. Ventilator settings should be individualized when possible to improve patient-ventilator synchrony and reduce ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Positive end-expiratory pressure can be individualized by titrating to best respiratory system compliance, or by using advanced methods, such as electrical impedance tomography or esophageal manometry. Adjustments to mitigate high driving pressure and mechanical power, two possible drivers of VILI, may be further beneficial. In patients with refractory hypoxemia, salvage modes of ventilation such as high frequency oscillatory ventilation and airway pressure release ventilation are additional options that may be appropriate in select patients. Adjunctive therapies also may be applied judiciously, such as recruitment maneuvers, inhaled pulmonary vasodilators, neuromuscular blockers, or glucocorticoids, and may improve oxygenation, but do not clearly reduce mortality. In select, refractory cases, the addition of V-V ECMO improves gas exchange and modestly improves survival by allowing for lung rest. In addition to VILI, patients with severe ARDS are at risk for complications including acute cor pulmonale, physical debility, and neurocognitive deficits. Even among the most severe cases, ARDS is a heterogeneous disease, and future studies are needed to identify ARDS subgroups to individualize therapies and advance care.
Elevated MMP-8 levels, inversely associated with BMI, predict mortality in mechanically ventilated patients: an observational multicenter study
Authors: Ruan Hang , Li Shu-sheng , Zhang Qin , Ran Xiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the correlation between weight status and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients and explore the potential mediators.MethodsThree medical centers encompassing 3301 critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation were assembled for retrospective analysis to compare mortality across various weight categories of patients using machine learning algorithms. Bioinformatics analysis identified genes exhibiting differential expression among distinct weight categories. A prospective study was then conducted on a distinct cohort of 50 healthy individuals and 193 other mechanically ventilated patients. The expression levels of the genes identified through bioinformatics analysis were quantified through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe retrospective analysis revealed that overweight individuals had a lower mortality rate than underweight individuals, and body mass index (BMI) was an independent protective factor. Bioinformatics analysis identified matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) as a differentially expressed gene between overweight and underweight populations. The results of further prospective studies showed that overweight patients had significantly lower MMP-8 levels than underweight patients ((3.717 (2.628, 4.191) vs. 2.763 (1.923, 3.753), ng/ml,P = 0.002). High MMP-8 levels were associated with increased mortality risk (OR = 4.249,P = 0.005), indicating that elevated level of MMP-8 predicts the mortality risk of underweight patients receiving mechanical ventilation.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for a protective effect of obesity in mechanically ventilated patients and highlights the potential role of MMP-8 level as a biomarker for predicting mortality risk in this population.
The application of Rumex abyssinicus based activated carbon for Brilliant Blue Reactive dye adsorption from aqueous solution
Authors: Mengistu Ashagrie , Abewaa Mikiyas , Adino Eba , Gizachew Ebisa , Abdu Jemal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe environmental pollution and human health impacts associated with the discharge of massive dye-containing effluents necessitate a search for cost-effective treatment technology. Therefore, this research work is conducted with the objective of investigating the potential of Rumex abyssinicus-derived activated carbon (RAAC) for the adsorption of Brilliant Blue Reactive (BBR) dye from aqueous solutions. Chemical activation with H3PO4 followed by pyrolysis was used to prepare the adsorbent. Characterization of the developed adsorbent was done using proximate analysis, pH point of zero charge (pHpzc), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental design and the effect of independent variables including pH (2, 6, and 10), initial dye concentration (50, 100, and 150 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/100 mL), and contact time (20, 50, and 80 min) were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box Behnken design (BBD). The analysis results revealed the exitance of high specific surface area of 524 m2/g, morphological cracks, and the presence of multiple functional groups like –OH, C=C, alkene, and amorphous structure. Maximum removal efficiency of 99.98% was attained at optimum working conditions of pH 2, contact time of 50 min, dye concentration of 100 mg/L, and adsorbent dosage of 0.15 mg/100 mL, reducing the pollutant concentration from 100 to 0.02 mg/L. Evaluation of the experimental data was done using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips isotherm models, in which the Langmuir model was found to be the best fit with the experimental data at R2 0.986. This shows that the adsorbent surface is homogeneous and mono-layered. Furthermore, the kinetic study confirmed that the pseudo second-order model best describes the experimental data with R2 = 0.999. In general, the research work showed that the low cost, environmental friendliness and high adsorption capabilities of the activated carbon derived from Rumex abyssinicus could be taken as an effective nt for the removal of BBR dye from aqueous solutions.
Evaluation of the innate immune response of caprine neutrophils against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in vitro
Authors: Criado Miguel , Pérez Valentín , Arteche-Villasol Noive , Elguezabal Natalia , Molina Elena , Benavides Julio , Gutiérrez-Expósito Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeutrophils constitute an essential component of the innate immune response, readily killing most bacteria through phagocytosis, degranulation, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) among other mechanisms. These cells play an unclear role in mycobacterial infections such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, and its response is particularly understudied in ruminants. Herein, a wide set of techniques were adapted, or newly developed, to study the in vitro response of caprine neutrophils after Map infection. Immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate, simultaneously, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETs. The quantification of neutrophil phagocytic activity against Map at a 1:10 multiplicity of infection (MOI), through flow cytometry, showed values that varied from 4.54 to 5.63% of phagocyting neutrophils. By immunofluorescence, a 73.3 ± 14.5% of the fields showed NETs, and the mean release of DNA, attributable to NETosis, calculated through a fluorometric method, was 16.2 ± 3.5%. In addition, the RNA expression of TGF-β, TNF and IL-1β cytokines, measured through reverse transcription qPCR, was significantly higher in the two latter. Overall, neutrophil response was proportional to the number of bacteria. This work confirms that the simultaneous study of several neutrophil mechanisms, and the combination of different methodologies, are essential to reach a comprehensive understanding of neutrophil response against pathogens, demonstrates that, in vitro, caprine neutrophils display a strong innate response against Map, using their entire repertoire of effector functions, and sets the basis for further in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of neutrophils in paratuberculosis.
Joint inversion of ocean-bottom pressure and GNSS data from the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake
Authors: Kim SatByul , Saito Tatsuhiko , Kubota Tatsuya , Chang Sung-Joon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhen the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake generated a large tsunami off eastern Hokkaido, Japan, it was detected by cabled ocean-bottom pressure gauges (OBPs) installed within the seismic source region. The OBP records included characteristic features of tsunami waveforms in the source region, indicating significant offset due to the permanent sea-bottom displacement, which can provide critical information about the earthquake source. However, no studies have considered the OBP tsunami data observed in the focal region for the source inversion of the Tokachi-oki earthquake. Here, in order to better understand the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake source, we estimate the spatial distribution of fault slip by conducting a joint inversion using two different datasets: tsunami data from four OBPs, located in the focal region and about 300 km away to the south, as well as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data obtained throughout Hokkaido and northern Honshu. Through our joint inversion, we found that the most dominant slip peak is located 40 km northwest from the hypocenter with an abnormally large slip of $$\sim$$
∼
15 m. This large slip may result from releasing a high amount of slip deficit accumulated by a stick–slip patch surrounded by stable slip regions on the southernmost Kuril subduction zone. By comparing the OBP observations and the synthetic tsunami waveforms derived from our fault model and other fault models, we conclude that the OBP tsunami data recorded within the focal region better constrained the magnitude and the location of the slip compared to other geophysical data.
Graphical Abstract
An 8-gene predicting survival model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to pyroptosis and cuproptosis
Authors: Wang Hongjin , Wang Nian , Tang Ze , Liu Qiuyu , Nie Shiyu , Tao Wu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to establish a prognostic survival model with 8 pyroptosis-and-cuproptosis-related genes to examine the prognostic effect in patients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
We downloaded gene expression data and clinical information of HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The clustering analysis and cox regression with LASSO were used for constructing an 8 PCmRNAs survival model. Using TCGA, ICGC and GEO cohort, the overall survival (OS) between high- and low- risk group was determined. We also evaluated independent prognostic indicators using univariate and multivariate analyses. The relatively bioinformatics analysis, including immune cell infiltration, function enrichment and drug sensitivity analyses, was performed as well. The gene expression of 8 PCmRNAs in vitro were validated in several HCC cell lines by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The relationship between GZMA and Fludarabine were further checked by CCK-8 assay.

Results
The survival prognostic model was constructed with ATP7A, GLS, CDKN2A, BAK1, CHMP4B, NLRP6, NOD1 and GZMA using data from TCGA cohort. The ICGC and GEO cohort were used for model validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed a good survival prediction by this model. Risk scores had the highest predictable value for survival among Stage, Age, Gender and Grade. Most Immune cells and immune functions were decreased in high-risk group. Besides, function enrichment analyses showed that steroid metabolic process, hormone metabolic process, collagen − containing extracellular matrix, oxidoreductase activity and pyruvate metabolism were enriched. Potential drugs targeted different PCDEGs like Nelarabine, Dexamethasone and Fludarabine were found as well. ATP7A, GLS, CDKN2A, BAK1, CHMP4B, NOD1 were upregulated while NLRP6 and GZMA were downregulated in most HCC cell lines. The potential therapy of Fludarabine was demonstrated when GZMA was low expressed in Huh7 cell line.

Conclusion
We constructed a novel 8-gene (ATP7A, GLS, CDKN2A, BAK1, CHMP4B, NLRP6, NOD1 and GZMA) prognostic model and explored potential functional information and microenvironment of HCC, which might be worthy of clinical application. In addition, several potential chemotherapy drugs were screened and Fludarabine might be effective for HCC patients whose GZMA was low expressed.
Cultural Heritage Protection and Artificial Intelli-gence; The future of our historical past
Authors: Giannini Eugenia , Makri Evi 
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to present the existing regulatory framework, both at the level of the European Union and at the level of Greece, regarding the protection of cultural goods and the wider cultural heritage. The paper is a comprehensive overview of the conventions, agreements and legal texts adopted, at the international and regional level, for the protection of cultural heritage.
In particular, the paper begins with the presentation of the main terminology aiming to give the concept of cultural heritage as it has been shaped over time and the elements that define it.
Therefore, in the first part, the paper presents the main definitions as set through the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972.
Then, the paper, in the second part, analyzes the existing regulatory protection framework as it applies in the European Union. First, the basic pieces of European legislation aiming at protecting cultural heritage, at all levels and by any means, are presented. Then, the corresponding framework established at the national level, in Greece, is analyzed in a similar way.
In the third part, the connection with Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence and henceforth AI) is attempted. The connection focuses on two main areas: the first concerns the possibilities that Artificial Intelligence provides in the protection of Cultural Heritage and the second the possibilities offered through AI in improving the accessibility of the individual to cultural goods. Finally, the approach of developing that regulatory framework that will delimit the possibilities of AI within the framework of Ethics and the reliability of Artificial Intelligence methods is attempted.