bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of the multiple self states model
Authors: Westacott Mark C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The chapter introduces the multiple self states model (MSSM) and describes its elaboration alongside developments in mapping and sequential diagrammatic reformulation (SDRs). It examines early applications of the model to working with people with complex emotional and interpersonal problems and the role of early trauma and dissociation in the development of complex health problems. Reference is made to research studies examining the efficacy of the model with a range of different clinical presentations. The chapter describes cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) concepts of states, self states, state shifts, and metaprocedures and the central role of partial dissociation in many of the difficulties experienced by people with diagnoses of personality disorder, such as borderline and narcissistic personality disorder. It explores different kinds of state shift and the view of the self as comprising a multiplicity of different aspects, selves, or voices. It goes on to highlight the usefulness of CAT tools, such as sequential self state diagrams (SSSDs), the personality structure questionnaire (PSQ), and the state description procedure (SDP) and their application is further explored through a clinical case vignette. The vignette also describes processes of engagement in the therapy, use of the therapeutic relationship and countertransference, mapping and the importance of developing awareness of state shifts and their triggers. Finally, the chapter looks at the application of the model to team work and the reformulation of team processes through contextual reformulation.
Creativity in CAT and the contributions of arts therapies to its theory and practice
Authors: Stevens Yvonne J. , Petratou Vicky 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Anthony Ryle welcomed many therapists and mental health professionals, like the authors, to cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) with experience and skills from other therapeutic modalities, and he generously encouraged these therapists to creatively integrate these skills and techniques into the CAT processes of recognition, reformulation, and revision. In this chapter we will show how CAT’s practice can be enriched by attending to our clients’ creative potential within their zone of ‘playful’ proximal development, at all stages of therapy. We will demonstrate the use of imaginative and creative therapeutic approaches and how this can encourage the ability of both therapists and clients to contain and express cut-off and fragmented states, trauma, and unexpressed emotion. We will show how the use of the creative therapeutic projective and performative arts experiences and techniques can help in promoting experimentation, playfulness, and improvisation with developing helpful reciprocal roles and expanding flexibility in relating to oneself and others. We will point to particular considerations that therapists need to have in mind when using creative approaches and some thoughts about the place of creativity in mental health services. We will address the following issues: creativity and working with problematic relational procedures; creativity within the CAT framework; offering guidance on creative resources in the therapy room and encouraging self-authoring through reflective writing; the contributions of arts therapies to the theory and practice of CAT including dramatherapy, arts therapy, and cognitive analytic music therapy (CAMT); and reflections on the role of creativity in CAT training.
The asymmetric sunrise effect on Thales’ alleged measurement of the Sun angular size
Authors: Cuadra Jorge 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Reports from the second and third centuries AD attribute the first measurement of the angular size of the Sun to Thales of Miletus, in the sixth century BC. Cleomedes, also in the second century AD, described a method to perform the measurement based on timing the duration of the sunrise. Several modern authors have suggested that Thales used Cleomedes’ method, but others are skeptical of the connection. Here I present an objection that has not been discussed in the literature, namely, that the proportionality between the size of the Sun and the duration of sunrise is not constant, but changes with latitude and the time of the year, due to what I call the “asymmetric sunrise effect.” I show that this effect is large enough to have prevented Thales from obtaining the roughly accurate recorded value.
Pain Linguistics: A Case for Pluralism
Authors: Coninx Sabrina , Willemsen Pascale , Reuter Kevin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The most common approach to understanding the semantics of the concept of pain is third-person thought experiments. By contrast, the most frequent and most relevant uses of the folk concept of pain are from a first-person perspective in conversational settings. In this paper, we use a set of linguistic tools to systematically explore the semantics of what people communicate when reporting pain from a first-person perspective. Our results suggest that only a pluralistic view can do justice to the way we talk about pain from a first-person perspective: The semantic content of the folk concept of pain consists of information about both an unpleasant feeling and a disruptive bodily state. Pain linguistics thus provides new insights into ordinary pain language and poses an interesting challenge to the dominant unitary views of pain.
Regulation of nerve cells using conductive nanofibrous scaffolds for controlled release of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and nerve growth factor
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yuan , Lv Minmin , Zhao Xiaoli , So Kwok Fai , Li Hui , EL-Newehy Mohamed , EL-Hamshary Hany , Morsi Yosry , Mo Xiumei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Currently, more and more patients suffer from peripheral nerve injury due to trauma, tumor and other causes worldwide. Biomaterial-based nerve conduits are increasingly recognized as a potential alternative to nerve autografts for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. However, an ideal nerve conduit must offer topological guidance and biochemical and electrical signal transduction mechanisms. In this work, aligned conductive nanofibrous scaffolds comprising polylactic-co-glycolic acid and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated via coaxial electrospinning, and nerve growth factor (NGF) and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) purified from the wolfberry were loaded on the core and shell layers of the nanofibers, respectively. LBP were confirmed to accelerate long-distance axon regeneration after severe peripheral nerve injury. In addition, the synergistic promotion of LBP and NGF on nerve cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth was demonstrated. MWCNTs were introduced into the aligned fibers to further increase the electrical conductivity, which promoted the directional growth and neurite extension of neurons in vitro. Further, the combination of conductive fibrous scaffolds with electrical stimulation that mimics endogenous electric fields significantly promoted the differentiation of PC12 cells and the axon outgrowth of neurons. Based on robust cell-induced behaviors, conductive composite fibers with optimized fiber alignment may be used for the promotion of nerve recovery.
Macroscale Thalamic Functional Organization Disturbances and Underlying Core Cytoarchitecture in Early-Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Fan Yun-Shuang , Xu Yong , Bayrak Şeyma , Shine James M , Wan Bin , Li Haoru , Li Liang , Yang Siqi , Meng Yao , Valk Sofie L , Chen Huafu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Schizophrenia is a polygenetic mental disorder with heterogeneous positive and negative symptom constellations, and is associated with abnormal cortical connectivity. The thalamus has a coordinative role in cortical function and is key to the development of the cerebral cortex. Conversely, altered functional organization of the thalamus might relate to overarching cortical disruptions in schizophrenia, anchored in development.

Study Design
Here, we contrasted resting-state fMRI in 86 antipsychotic-naive first-episode early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients and 91 typically developing controls to study whether macroscale thalamic organization is altered in EOS. Employing dimensional reduction techniques on thalamocortical functional connectome (FC), we derived lateral–medial and anterior–posterior thalamic functional axes.

Study Results
We observed increased segregation of macroscale thalamic functional organization in EOS patients, which was related to altered thalamocortical interactions both in unimodal and transmodal networks. Using an ex vivo approximation of core-matrix cell distribution, we found that core cells particularly underlie the macroscale abnormalities in EOS patients. Moreover, the disruptions were associated with schizophrenia-related gene expression maps. Behavioral and disorder decoding analyses indicated that the macroscale hierarchy disturbances might perturb both perceptual and abstract cognitive functions and contribute to negative syndromes in patients.

Conclusions
These findings provide mechanistic evidence for disrupted thalamocortical system in schizophrenia, suggesting a unitary pathophysiological framework.
Determinants of zinc utilisation in the management of diarrhoea among under-five children in Nigeria: a population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Ogundele Olorunfemi Akinbode , Bello Olufunmilayo E , Ogundele Tolulope , Fagbemi Aderonke T , Fehintola Funmito O , Osunmakinwa Olugbenga O 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiarrhoea remains the foremost cause of sickness and death among children aged &lt;5 y (under-five) in low- and middle-income countries. The WHO and UNICEF recommend that any child with diarrhoea signs be given zinc tablets as part of the treatment within 24 h. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of zinc utilisation for diarrhoea among under-five children in Nigeria.MethodsThe Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 was used for this study. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. A multilevel analysis technique employing the generalised linear mixed model was used for analysing the data of 3956 under-five children with diarrhoea.ResultsOnly 29.1% of children who experienced diarrhoea received zinc combined with other forms of treatments during the diarrhoea episode. However, mothers with a secondary or higher level of education had a 40% higher likelihood of zinc utilisation during childhood diarrhoea (AOR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.22). Similarly, children whose mothers were exposed to media were more likely to receive zinc during diarrhoea than those whose mothers were not (AOR, 2.50; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.87).ConclusionsIn this study, the prevalence of zinc use among under-five children with diarrhoea in Nigeria was low. Therefore, appropriate strategies to improve zinc utilisation are needed.
Epinephrine-induced Effects on Cerebral Microcirculation and Oxygenation Dynamics Using Multimodal Monitoring and Functional Photoacoustic Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Dong , Wang Wei , Zhu Xiaoyi , Li Ran , Liu Wei , Chen Maomao , Vu Tri , Jiang Laiming , Zhou Qifa , Evans Cody L. , Turner Dennis A. , Sheng Huaxin , Levy Jerrold H. , Luo Jianwen , Yang Wei , Yao Junjie , Hoffmann Ulrike 
Published: April 2023

Background
The administration of epinephrine after severe refractory hypotension, shock, or cardiac arrest restores systemic blood flow and major vessel perfusion but may worsen cerebral microvascular perfusion and oxygen delivery through vasoconstriction. The authors hypothesized that epinephrine induces significant microvascular constriction in the brain, with increased severity after repetitive dosing and in the aged brain, eventually leading to tissue hypoxia.

Methods
The authors investigated the effects of intravenous epinephrine administration in healthy young and aged C57Bl/6 mice on cerebral microvascular blood flow and oxygen delivery using multimodal in vivo imaging, including functional photoacoustic microscopy, brain tissue oxygen sensing, and follow-up histologic assessment.

Results
The authors report three main findings. First, after epinephrine administration, microvessels exhibited severe immediate vasoconstriction (57 ± 6% of baseline at 6 min, P < 0.0001, n = 6) that outlasted the concurrent increase in arterial blood pressure, while larger vessels demonstrated an initial increase in flow (108 ± 6% of baseline at 6 min, P = 0.02, n = 6). Second, oxyhemoglobin decreased significantly within cerebral vessels with a more pronounced effect in smaller vessels (microvessels to 69 ± 8% of baseline at 6 min, P < 0.0001, n = 6). Third, oxyhemoglobin desaturation did not indicate brain hypoxia; on the contrary, brain tissue oxygen increased after epinephrine application (from 31 ± 11 mmHg at baseline to 56 ± 12 mmHg, 80% increase, P = 0.01, n = 12). In the aged brains, microvascular constriction was less prominent yet slower to recover compared to young brains, but tissue oxygenation was increased, confirming relative hyperoxia.

Conclusions
Intravenous application of epinephrine induced marked cerebral microvascular constriction, intravascular hemoglobin desaturation, and paradoxically, an increase in brain tissue oxygen levels, likely due to reduced transit time heterogeneity.

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Medicaid and Fulfillment of Postpartum Permanent Contraception Requests
Authors: Arora Kavita Shah , Chua Arzice , Miller Emily , Boozer Margaret , Serna Tania , Bullington Brooke W. , White Kari , Gunzler Douglas D. , Bailit Jennifer L. , Berg Kristen 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association between Medicaid insurance and fulfillment of postpartum permanent contraception requests.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 43,915 patients across four study sites in four states, of whom 3,013 (7.1%) had a documented contraceptive plan of permanent contraception at the time of postpartum discharge and either Medicaid insurance or private insurance. Our primary outcome was permanent contraception fulfillment before hospital discharge; we compared individuals with private insurance with individuals with Medicaid insurance. Secondary outcomes were permanent contraception fulfillment within 42 and 365 days of delivery, as well as the rate of subsequent pregnancy after nonfulfillment. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used.

RESULTS:
Patients with Medicaid insurance (1,096/2,076, 52.8%), compared with those with private insurance (663/937, 70.8%), were less likely to receive desired permanent contraception before hospital discharge (P≤.001). After adjustment for age, parity, weeks of gestation, mode of delivery, adequacy of prenatal care, race, ethnicity, marital status, and body mass index, private insurance status was associated with higher odds of fulfillment at discharge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.17–1.87) and 42 days (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13–1.80) and 365 days (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.71) postpartum. Of the 980 patients with Medicaid insurance who did not receive postpartum permanent contraception, 42.2% had valid Medicaid sterilization consent forms at the time of delivery.

CONCLUSION:
Differences in fulfillment rates of postpartum permanent contraception are observable between patients with Medicaid insurance and patients with private insurance after adjustment for clinical and demographic factors. The disparities associated with the federally mandated Medicaid sterilization consent form and waiting period necessitate policy reassessment to promote reproductive autonomy and to ensure equity.
Continuing Education Evaluations of an Internal Medicine and a Pediatric Podcast
Authors: Kelly Jessica M. , Perseghin Andrea , Dow Alan , Chiu Christopher , Pereira Noah , Posner Jill , Berk Justin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:This study aimed to characterize practitioners who use podcasts as a form of continuing education (CE), evaluate attitudes regarding podcasting as a medium for CE, and assess intended practice change after listening to podcasts for CE.Methods:We examined CE data from a mandatory postpodcast evaluation collected between February 2021 and August 2021 for two free podcasts. We analyzed linked episode data containing podcast downloads.Results:Listeners downloaded 972,691 episodes and claimed 8182 CE credits (less than 1% of total downloads) over 7 months. CE credit was claimed by physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and pharmacists. Most listeners claiming CE credit were not affiliated with an academic institution. Motivation for listening to episodes included a topic of interest, relevance to a patient, and a topic of less comfort. Of individuals obtaining CE, 98% intended to implement change after listening.Discussion:Although only a small number of podcast listeners claim CE credit, those who claim credit represent a diverse and interprofessional audience. Listeners select podcasts to fill self-identified learning needs. Overwhelmingly, listeners report podcast CE changes intended practice. Podcasts may be an effective modality for CE and practice change; further research should focus on facilitators and barriers to CE uptake and on patient health outcomes.
Haikun Shenxi Capsule for Improving Renal Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Geng Yunling , Dong Zhaocheng , Jia Qi , Zhang Pingna , Tang Jingyi , Liu Yu Ning , Liu Wei Jing 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Haikun Shenxi capsule was widely used for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of the Haikun Shenxi capsule in the treatment of patients with CKD stages 3–5 (nondialysis-dependent) and provide a reference for clinical application. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chongqing VIP Database, and SinoMed Database were searched for randomized-controlled trials applying Haikun Shenxi capsule to treat CKD from their inception date to February 2022. Data extraction and quality assessment were assigned to two researchers, respectively. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane handbook, and Revman5.3 was used for data statistics and analysis. Heterogeneity tests were conducted, and the mean difference (MD) or relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the outcomes was presented. Eight randomized controlled trials with 522 patients diagnosed with CKD stages 3–5 (nondialysis-dependent) treated with Haikun Shenxi capsules were included. Compared with the control group, the Haikun Shenxi capsule group showed lower levels of serum creatinine (Scr; MD = −61.14, 95% CI = −68.13 to −54.16, P < 0.00001) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN; MD = −4.21, 95% CI = −5.59 to −2.84, P < 0.00001) and higher creatinine clearance (Ccr; MD = 3.94, 95% CI = 1.47 to 6.42, P = 0.002). No drug-related adverse effects of Haikun Shenxi were found in these studies. The Haikun Shenxi capsule could reduce Scr and BUN levels and increase the Ccr level, thereby improving renal functions of CKD stages 3–5 (nondialysis-dependent) patients without drug-related adverse effects based on conventional therapy.
Netarsudil-associated reticular epithelial corneal edema after phacoemulsification
Authors: Rodgers Cooper D. , Shah Ankit , Blake Charles R. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of netarsudil-associated reticular corneal edema noted shortly after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
A 68-year-old woman with a history of chronic angle-closure glaucoma with a long-term history of tolerance to netarsudil presented with “honeycomb” epitheliopathy shortly after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
Netarsudil was discontinued, and the patient's reticular corneal edema resolved shortly thereafter.

Conclusions:
Reticular corneal epitheliopathy can be seen in patients being treated with netarsudil after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Fortunately, this condition resolves shortly after the drug is discontinued.
Safety and effectiveness comparison of a new cohesive ophthalmic viscosurgical device
Authors: Packer Mark , Shultz Mitchell , Loden James , Lau George 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new cohesive ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) (StableVisc) compared with a marketed cohesive OVD (ProVisc) in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Setting:
22 sites in the United States.

Design:
Prospective multicenter controlled double-masked and randomized 1:1 (StableVisc:ProVisc; stratified by site, age group, and cataract severity).

Methods:
Adults (≥45 years) with age-related noncomplicated cataract considered amenable to treatment with standard phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation were included. Patients were randomized to receive either StableVisc or ProVisc during standard cataract surgery. Postoperative visits occurred at 6 hours, 24 hours, 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months. The primary effectiveness outcome was the change in endothelial cell density (ECD) from baseline to 3 months. The primary safety endpoint was the proportion of patients who experienced at least 1 intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement ≥30 mm Hg at any follow-up visit. Noninferiority between the devices was tested. Inflammation and adverse events were evaluated.

Results:
390 patients were randomized; 187 patients with StableVisc and 193 patients with ProVisc completed the study. StableVisc was noninferior to ProVisc in mean ECD loss from baseline to 3 months (17.5% and 16.9%, respectively). StableVisc was noninferior to ProVisc in the proportion of patients with postoperative IOP ≥30 mm Hg at any follow-up visit (5.2% and 8.2%, respectively).

Conclusions:
The StableVisc cohesive OVD, which provides both mechanical and chemical protection, was safe and effective when used in cataract surgery and provides surgeons with a new cohesive OVD.