bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic status and training needs of aesthetic plastic surgeons in government and private hospitals: evidence from Guangdong, China
Authors: Yi Yanhua , Wang Zhifeng , Hu Guijie , Zhao Shiwei , Li Yongbin , Chen Bo , Xiang Zhen , Zhang Qiaojun , Lu Wei , Liu Jian , Xue Yongping , Li Hongmian , Wu Cimin , Shi Wuxiang , Gong Zhenyu 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This study aims to survey the demographic status of aesthetic plastic surgeons in an economically developed region and to investigate their continuing training needs in contents, training methods, and barriers in private and government hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a self-administered questionnaire was conducted from January to December, 2022 in Guangdong, China. In-depth interviews were conducted with key informants to gain insights on the current demographic status. Demographic data and training needs assessment were collected and compared with the chi-square test, Fisher’s test, Mann-Whitney U-test using R software. Results: The disparity of surgeons’ demographic data between private and government hospitals was small. Over 60% of practicing aesthetic plastic surgeons transferred from other specialties, and one third of them had less than three years of working experience. Half of surgeons attended training less than three times with an affordable expense of 1000-5000RMB. Almost 80% of them had strong willingness to attend a continuing training program. They prefer to attend further study in a tertiary hospital, with a short topic-focused training course and operation demonstrations. Their favorable training contents were rhinoplasty, eye surgery, and new technologies. Our questionnaire survey revealed the likelihood that the surgeons had a graduate degree in government hospitals outweighed those in private hospitals (P<0.05). Results also showed that the government hospitals focused more on repair and reconstructive surgery and academic research, whereas, private hospitals focused on market needs and were more profit-driven, where the organizational needs had influence on their different training needs for aesthetic plastic surgeons. Conclusion: It would be favorable to take the demographic status of aesthetic plastic surgeons and organizational needs into consideration in designing a continuing training program in plastic surgery.
Protocol for evaluation and correlation of CD44 immunoexpression in tumor tissue and surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma with three-year survival: A retrospective study
Authors: Tehzeeb Husna , Gawande Madhuri , Hande Alka , Patil Swati , Sonone Archana , Pakhale Aayushi 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The commonest type of cancer in the head and neck region is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) due to its high rates of occurrence and mortality. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a surface glycoprotein present on tumor cells. It regulates cell proliferation, adhesion, migration an invasion of cancer stem cell. Immunoexpression of CD44 in surgical margins indicates poor prognosis of disease and increased risk of local recurrence.[4] Objectives: To evaluate and correlate CD44 immunoexpression in tumor tissue and surgical margins OSCC with three-year survival. Methodology: All tissue sections will be processed for CD44 immunohistochemistry. After that, light microscopic evaluation of CD44 expression will be done. A dark brown color of membranous staining of neoplastic cells will be considered for CD44 positivity; this must be observed in the tumor core, in the basal layer because most stem cells are present in the basal layer of oral mucosa and in the invasive front of tumor. Expected results: The present study will find the immunohistochemical expression of CD44 tumor tissue and surgical margins of OSCC, in order to evaluate the prognosis of OSCC. Immunoexpression may vary in according to their different grades. Conclusions: We hypothesize that, as the disease stage advances, intensity of CD44 expression immunohistochemically increases and it can adversely affect overall survival; hence it is considered as an independent predictor of prognosis of OSCC.
Managing Multirooming: Why Uniform Price Can Be Optimal for a Monopoly Retailer and Can Be Uniformly Lower
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Dai Yue , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Kun 
Published: July 2023

Retailers managing both online and offline channels have to decide whether to adopt the uniform (i.e., charging the same price online and offline) or dual (i.e., charging different prices online and offline) pricing strategy. This decision is made even more challenging as consumers are increasingly multirooming as they may search offline and then purchase online (showrooming) or the other way around (webrooming). In this paper, we develop an analytical model to examine such a decision. The model takes into consideration (1) consumers’ uncertainty about digital and nondigital product attributes, (2) consumers’ costs of showrooming as well as webrooming, and (3) the prevalence of costly product return. We show that uniform pricing can be optimal for a monopoly retailer even though consumers have different costs for shopping online versus offline and there is no intrinsic disutility against price discrimination by consumers. In addition, when the uniform price is optimal, it can be lower than both the offline and online prices under optimal dual pricing. This is because, compared with dual pricing, uniform pricing eliminates consumers’ uncertainty about the offline store’s price so that they are more likely to search the nondigital attribute at the offline store and buy the fitted product. Moreover, a relatively higher online price has to be used under dual pricing to encourage consumers to search offline for the purpose of reducing the product return costs. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71922008, 71972043, 72025102, and 72091211] and the Sci-Tech Innovation Foundation of School of Management at Fudan University [Grant 20210202]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4849 .
Decoding Culture: Tools for Behavioral Strategists
Authors: Koçak Özgecan , Puranam Phanish 
Published: July 2023

It is uncontroversial for strategy scholars that culture matters for both strategy formulation and execution. Yet, the diversity of approaches and concepts for thinking about culture can prove daunting for operationalizing this insight. We introduce the concept of a “code”—a fuzzy mapping between two distinct sets of cognitive constructs—as a fundamental construct to study culture. The concept of a code, and the distinction between using a code versus expectations about the code others use, can be applied to study many different elements of culture both in terms of theorizing about them with precision and for empirical applications. Furthermore, we argue that a code-based perspective on culture is particularly useful from the normative, design-oriented stance that is characteristic of strategy. Using an example of creating stakeholder alignment around the problem of sustainability, a first-order challenge for business and society today, we show that the perspectives of culture as shared values and culture as a toolkit point to different interventions that are each likely to work under different conditions.Funding: P. Puranam thanks The Desmarais Fund at INSEAD for supporting the Organizations & Algorithms project.
Recovery of autonomic dysfunction assessed by heart rate variability after acute stroke: an observational study
Authors: Hoshino Takashi , Oguchi Kazuyo , Hoshino Aiko , Hoshiyama Minoru 
Published: July 2023

Background/Aims Early mobilisation after acute stroke is recommended worldwide, and autonomic dysfunction is a common complication. However, little is known about autonomic adaptation to postural changes during early mobilisation. The aim of the present study was to clarify the recovery process of autonomic dysfunction after acute stroke regarding adaptation to postural changes. Methods A total of 23 patients (mean age 60 ± 11 years) were included in this observational study. Those with a history of arrhythmia, heart failure and diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathy were excluded. Autonomic functions were assessed using heart rate variability. Electrocardiograms were recorded when the patients were lying down, sitting up and then lying back down again for 5 minutes in each position. The indices of heart rate variability, total power, high frequency band and low frequency/high frequency ratio, which correspond to total, parasympathetic and sympathetic activity respectively, were calculated to evaluate participants’ autonomic function during the 7 days after the onset of stroke. Results From days 3 to 7 after stroke onset, the low frequency/high frequency ratio was significantly higher, and the total power and high frequency were reciprocally lower in the sitting position than in the supine position. On day 7, the total power and high frequency were significantly higher while the low frequency/high frequency ratio was lower than the total power and high frequency values that were recorded on the second and third days after stroke. Blood pressure levels and heart rates also changed, corresponding to changes in heart rate variability. Conclusions The patients’ autonomic function, as well as heart rate and blood pressure levels, changed gradually during the first 7 days after onset of stroke. The results could lead to optimised clinical practice in safe early stroke rehabilitation.
Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary programme to improve functional outcomes of patients following severe COVID-19 infection in Malaysia: a retrospective study
Authors: Zamli Akmal Hafizah , Lim Su-Yin , Na Amitha Sherng Lhung , Mahmud Fatnin Faqiha Azmi , Rapieng Reginald Valentino , Yeong Chai Hong , Chua Li-Shun 
Published: July 2023

Background/AimsEvidence-based, specialised rehabilitation interventions are key to improving functional outcomes for patients with complications caused by severe COVID-19 infection, who often have complex needs and a wide range of functional impairments. The aims of this study were to determine the effectiveness of a structured inpatient, personalised, interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme, namely the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Inpatient Specialised Services, and to identify clinical predictors of rehabilitation effectiveness in patients after contracting COVID-19.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 154 patients who underwent rehabilitation under the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Inpatient Specialised Services programme at a single centre between 1 July and 31 October 2021. The modified Barthel Index, Post-COVID-19 Functional Scale, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale scores, and actual effectiveness derived from the modified Barthel Index scores were used to measure outcomes.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 49.8 ± 14.3 years. Overall 48.1% (n=74) had required intubation, 70.1% (n=108) had been critically ill, and 21.4% (n=33) remained dependent on oxygen therapy beyond discharge. There was a statistically significant improvement in mean modified Barthel Index scores (45.2 vs 66.3, P<0.001), median post-COVID-19 Functional Scale score (4 vs 3, P<0.001) and median modified Medical Research Council scores (4 vs 3, P<0.001) following the rehabilitation intervention. Acute kidney injury, oxygen therapy dependency, neurological complications and initial modified Barthel Index scores were significant predictors of rehabilitation effectiveness (adjusted R2=0.23, P<0.001).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 Rehabilitation Inpatient Specialised Services programme was effective in improving functional outcomes of hospitalised patients with severe to critical COVID-19 infection. By identifying factors that predict rehabilitation effectiveness, allied healthcare professionals can administer more focused rehabilitation efforts tailored to the specific needs of patients, thereby enabling them to achieve their maximum potential functional outcomes.
The effect of transverse friction massage on pain and quality of life in women with chronic pelvic pain: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ersin Aybüke , Tarhan Fatih , Başol Gülfem , Şakul Bayram Ufuk , Algun Zeliha Candan 
Published: July 2023

Background/Aims Chronic pelvic pain is defined as pain located to the pelvis or lower abdominal region, lasting for at least 6 months, and not associated with menstruation, coitus or pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of transverse friction massage on pain and quality of life in women with chronic pelvic pain. Methods A total of 20 women participated in this study. Eight sessions of transverse friction massage were performed twice a week for 4 weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Pelvic floor muscles (in terms of tenderness, trigger point, spasm and scar presence) were evaluated by digital palpation by an expert physiotherapist. The outcome measures used were the visual analogue scale, the 36-item Short Form-36 Survey and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants were evaluated before treatment, at the end of the treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of the treatment. Results Participants' mean age was 49.7 ± 0.31 years. There was a decrease in pain intensity and an increase in quality of life scores (P<0.001), but no statistically significant improvement in depression status at the end of the treatment (P>0.001). Four weeks after the end of the treatment, significant decreases in pain severity, quality of life and depression were observed (P<0.001). Conclusions Transverse friction massage is a feasible treatment option that can safely be used by physiotherapists to treat patients with chronic pelvic pain. It is inexpensive and can help to reduce pain and increase patients' quality of life. Randomised controlled trials are recommended to further confirm the findings from this study.
Haematological effect of chlorfenapyr-exposed freshwater African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
Authors: Esenowo Imeh K. , Chukwu Maureen N. , Nelson Akwaowo U. , Alimba Chibuisi G. , Johnson Micheal , Effiong Mmandu U. , Akpan Akaninyene U. , Ugwumba Adiaha A.A. , Udoidung Nsima I. , Ukpong Nsikakabasi C. , Ugwumba Alex O. , Ogidiaka Efe , Ale Adeyemi O.A. , Sunday Godsgift 
Published: July 2023

The effects of chlorfenapyr pesticide were investigated on juvenile of Clarias gariepinus. Sub-lethal test was carried out using 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 mgL-1 of chlorfenapyr pesticide for 96 hours, and peripheral blood was collected through the caudal vein and examined for haematological changes. There was significant reduction (P0.05) in WBC when compared to the control. RBC increase was directly proportional to increase in chlorfenapyr dose and significantly differed from control (p0.05). HGB increased in a dose-dependent manner. MCV values of all treatment groups, except 15 mgL-1, were higher when compared to control. MCH was not significantly different from control. PLT decreased with increase in concentration and was lower for all treatment when compared with control. Results obtained in this study suggest that exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorfenapyr can alter the haematological indices of non-target organisms.
Fiber and ash content of fermented palm oil fronds using liquid organic supplements as potential feed ingredients for ruminant
Authors: Pratama Said Mirza , Dahlan Abdullah , Annisa Yulia , Izzati Raichan , Resthu Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Inadequate feed causes low productivity of livestock, which is indicated by a slow rate of development and low body weight. Alternative non-conventional feed ingredients derived from oil palm waste have shown the potential to be used as livestock feed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fiber and ash content of palm fronds fermented with liquid organic supplements. The waste raw material was obtained after grinding the palm fronds and followed by a fermentation process using liquid organic supplements. This process was continued with fiber and ash analysis at the Laboratory of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. A complete randomized design was employed with four treatments using liquid organic supplements at levels of 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, with four replications. The measured parameters were water content, crude fiber, ash, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The results showed that the addition of liquid organic supplements had no significant effect (P0.05) on the levels of crude fiber, ash, NFE, and water content. Among all treatments, the results were observed in the P3 treatment (8%) which had the lowest crude fiber content and ash content, namely 22 ± 0.589 and 3.72 ± 0.112, as well as had the highest NFE and water content of 78.15 ± 0.501 and 57.9 ± 0.304, respectively. This indicated that the use of liquid organic supplements had the potential to improve the quality of oil palm midrib fiber and positively impact animal feed.
A partner‐specific critique of mistimed and unwanted fertility: Results from an analysis of the 2017–2019 United States National Survey of Family Growth
Authors: Yeatman Sara , Sennott Christie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContextDespite substantial critiques of retrospective measures of fertility intentions, researchers widely use the metrics of unwanted and mistimed pregnancies as tools for monitoring patterns and trends in reproductive health. However, in focusing exclusively on the timing and numeric elements of fertility these constructs ignore partner‐specific desires, which may lead to considerable measurement error and threaten their validity.MethodologyWe use data on births in the last 5 years from the 2017–2019 United States National Survey of Family Growth to compare responses to the standard retrospective measure of fertility intentions with responses to a partner‐specific question that asks respondents about whether they had ever desired a child with that partner.ResultsWe find that women's responses to questions on retrospective fertility desires with and without reference to a particular partner vary in ways that suggest that women and researchers interpret these questions differently.DiscussionDespite a long history in fertility research, the standard approach to measuring mistimed and unwanted fertility is both conceptually and operationally flawed. In the context of complicated sexual and reproductive lives that do not start and end with a single partner, researchers should reevaluate the usefulness of the constructs of mistimed and unwanted fertility. We conclude by offering recommendations for analysts and survey designers as well as by calling for a move away from the terms entirely to focus instead on the pregnancies that women themselves view as most problematic.
Umbrella-frame silicon nanorod arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles as recyclable SERS substrates
Authors: Liao Zekun , Hu Xiaofeng , Chu Jiao , Wu Yu , Ji Te , Zhu Huachun , Peng Weiwei , Wang Jie , Zhao Hongwei , Chen Min 
Published: July 2023

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for detection and identification of trace amounts of molecules with high specificity. A variety of two- and three-dimensional (3D) SERS substrates have been developed. Among these SERS substrates, to further develop new morphology of 3D SERS-active substrate with robust SERS functionality is still desired and necessary. In this paper, what we believe to be a novel and effective SERS-active substrate based on large-scale 3D Si hierarchical nanoarrays in conjunction with homogeneous Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) was proposed. Its building block shaped like the umbrella-frame structure was fabricated by a simple and cost-effective top-down nanofabrication method. Such umbrella-frame structure achieved excellent SERS performance with high sensitivity and spatial uniformity. For R6G molecules, the detection limit can be as low as 10-14 M, with an enhancement factor of up to 107. The relative standard deviation can reach about 11% above 30 positions across an area of 100×100 μm2. This is mainly attributed to much more active-sites provided by the umbrella-frame structure for adsorption of target molecules and AuNPs, and sufficient 3D hotspots generated by the coupling between the SiNRs guided mode and AuNPs localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), as well as that between AuNPs LSPR. Especially by introducing the umbrella-ribs SiNRs and AuNPs, the light field can be greatly confined to the structure surface, creating strongly enhanced and even zero-gap fields in 3D space. Moreover, the proposed SERS-active substrate can be erased and reused multiple times by plasma cleaning and exhibits typically excellent recyclability and stability for robust SERS activity. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed substrate may serve as a promising SERS platform for trace detection of chemical and biological molecules.
The effect of age on the induction dose of propofol for general anesthesia in dogs
Authors: Hampton Chiara E. , da Cunha Anderson , Desselle Amber , Queiroz-Williams Patricia , Hofmeister Erik H. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveIn people, the dose of propofol (DOP) required for procedural sedation and anesthesia decreases significantly with age. The objective of this study was to determine if the DOP required to perform endotracheal intubation decreases with age in dogs.Study designRetrospective case series.Animals1397 dogs.MethodsData from dogs anesthetized at referral center (2017–2020) were analyzed with three multivariate linear regression models with backward elimination using a combination of either absolute age, physiologic age, or life expectancy (ratio between age at the time of anesthetic event and expected age of death for each breed obtained from previous literature) as well as other factors as independent variables, and DOP as the dependent variable. The DOP for each quartile of life expectancy (<25%, 25–50%, 50–75%, 75–100%, >100%) was compared using one-way ANOVA. Significance was set at alpha = 0.025.ResultsMean age was 7.2 ± 4.1 years, life expectancy 59.8 ± 33%, weight 19 ± 14 kg, and DOP 3.76 ± 1.8 mg kg-1. Among age models, only life expectancy was a predictor of DOP (-0.37 mg kg-1;P= 0.013) but of minimal clinical importance. The DOP by life age expectancy quartile was 3.9 ± 2.3, 3.8 ± 1.8, 3.6 ± 1.8, 3.7 ± 1.7, and 3.4 ± 1.6 mg kg-1, respectively (P= 0.20). Yorkshire Terrier, Chihuahua, Maltese, mixed breed dogs under 10 kg, and Shih Tzu required higher DOP. Status of neutered male, ASA E, and Boxer, Labrador and Golden Retriever breeds decreased DOP, along with certain premedication drugs.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn contrast to what is observed in people, an age cut-off predictive of DOP does not exist. Percentage of elapsed life expectancy along with other factors such as breed, premedication drug, emergency procedure, and reproductive status significantly alter DOP. In older dogs, the dose of propofol can be adjusted based on their elapsed life expectancy.