bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EU carbon prices signal high policy credibility and farsighted actors
Authors: Sitarz Joanna , Pahle Michael , Osorio Sebastian , Luderer Gunnar , Pietzcker Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The EU emissions trading system (EU ETS) is a key driver behind Europe’s decarbonization. Coinciding with two major reforms to tighten the cap, prices have increased tenfold between 2017 and 2021 to 80 €/tCO2 and above, completely changing the investment decisions in electricity and industry sectors. But can price movements be explained through these reforms alone? We here argue that the emission cap changes are not sufficient to explain the price jumps and offer a more comprehensive explanation: Our results suggest that the price increase was strongly driven by actors becoming more farsighted when policymakers signaled high long-term commitment to climate targets by implementing ambitious reforms. With these assumptions, our model reproduces the historic price path and shows present prices to be consistent with EU reduction targets. To underline the role of credibility, we test what would happen if a crisis undermines policy credibility such that actors become myopic again, demonstrating that carbon prices could plummet and endanger the energy transition.
Disruptions to HIV Services Due to the COVID Pandemic in the USA: A State-Level Stakeholder Perspective
Authors: Pinto Rogério , Hall Evan , Im Vitalis , Lee Carol Ann , Park Sunggeun (Ethan) 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background: The United States envisions a 90% reduction in HIV infections by 2030. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the HIV continuum and disproportionately affected access to social and health services for people at the highest vulnerability. This study shows how COVID disrupted the HIV continuum in the state of Michigan, how stakeholders handled disruptions, and key recommendations. As a case study, this study adds to the literature about preparedness for future pandemics.
Methods: We used semi-structured interviews with 33 statewide Michigan HIV/AIDS Council members—practitioners, researchers, community representatives guiding service planning, improvement, and resource allocations. We asked: (1) how the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the HIV continuum; (2) how disruptions were handled; and (3) recommendation to help address disruptions now and in the future. Using thematic analysis, we coded the interviews. We measured group cohesiveness as a proxy for how individual opinions reflected those of the Council as a group.
Results: We found a high degree of cohesiveness among participants. Participants agreed that the pandemic disrupted all HIV continuum services (e.g., HIV testing, PrEP education, referrals to primary care, etcetera) offered by community organizations, hospital clinics, and health departmentsacross the state. In response, they developed online and curbside services to maintain HIV continuum services, abate social isolation, and address structural issues like lack of food and public transportation. We organized results in four categories: (1) HIV continuum disruptions (e.g., “Housing for women and children who are fleeing a legal situation”); (2) Responses to disruptions (e.g., “Some of them, we would say, hey, weather permitting, we’ll come out to your car”); (3) Minoritized groups disproportionately affected (e.g., “Especially in my community, to get people if there's ever a vaccine, Black people are going to be the last people to take it”); and Recommendations (below).
Conclusions: The pandemic unsettled and further exacerbated every aspect of HIV service provisions. The main recommendation was to overhaul communication systems between government and organizations offering HIV services to mitigate disruptions and improve the chances of achieving a 90% reduction.
The anterior transmuscular intrapelvic approach for the treatment of acetabular fractures - a new anterior surgical strategy
Authors: Lippross Sebastian , Wehrenpfennig Clara , Wedel Thilo , Seekamp Andreas , Osmonov Daniar , Moradi Babak , Fitschen-Oestern Stefanie , Finn Joerg , Klueter Tim , Kurz Bodo , Alkatout Ibrahim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The anterior ilioinguinal and the posterior Kocher-Langenbeck approach have long been the standard surgical approaches to the acetabulum. The last decade has witnessed the development of so-called intrapelvic approaches for anterior pathologies because they provide better exposure of the quadrilateral plate. Currently, the modified Stoppa approach and the pararectus approach are frequently used by surgeons for the treatment of acetabular fractures. We investigated an even more direct access to the entire anterior column and the quadrilateral plate via the abdominal wall muscles, between the incisions for the ilioinguinal and the pararectus approach.
After intensive study of anatomic specimens, a cadaver dissection was performed prior to clinical application. The approach was then used in 20 patients who were assessed retrospectively.
Postoperative CT scans showed that, according to the Matta scoring system, the quality of fracture reduction was “anatomical” (≤1 mm) in 12 (60%), “imperfect” (2-3 mm) in four (20%), and “poor” (>3 mm) in four (20%) patients. Numerous minor complications were observed; the majority of these had resolved at the time of discharge.
In conclusion, the anterior transmuscular intrapelvic approach (ATI) is a safe and effective alternative to the ilioinguinal and pararectal approaches, and may be regarded as an evolutionary advancement of traditional procedures.
A Nomogram for Individualized Preoperative Prediction of Microvascular Invasion Risk in Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Different Clinical Stages
Authors: Cao Momo , Gu Junming , Fang Feng , Xiao Shuai , Zuo Chaohui , Yang LianYue 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: To develop a nomogram to predict the risk of microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (LHCC) in different clinical stages.
Background:
Accurately predicting the risk of MVI in LHCC patients before surgery can helps us make appropriate clinical decisions. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to preoperatively predict MVI risk of LHCC patients in different staging systems.
Methods
A total of 545 LHCC patients were assigned to training (n=358) and validation (n=187) cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to reveal independent risk factors of MVI, which were then incorporated into the predictive nomogram. The C-index, calibration curves, and ROC curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of nomogram. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to analyze the LHCC patients’ survival time according to MVI status and nomogram prediction.
Results
Histopathologically identified MVI was found in 167 and 84 patients in the training cohort and validation cohorts. The independent preoperative factors associated with MVI were serum AFP level ≥ 400ng/L, platelet (PLT) < 140.5×109/L, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 2.94, incomplete tumor capsule and multiple tumors. Based on our nomogram, we found the risk of MVI in LHCC patients with BCLC stage 0/A or TNM I/II was lower than BCLC stage B/C or TNM III.
Conclusions
This study developed and validated a nomogram to predict MVI risk in LHCC patients before surgery, which had well consistency with postoperative histopatholgy. The nomogram was also valuable for clinical classification and tumor staging in LHCC.
Prediction of Chatter Stability of Thin-walled Parts during High-speed Milling Considering Variation of Dynamic Characteristics based on Surface Roughness Measurement
Authors: DAMOUS Mohamed , ZEROUDI Nasreddine , CHELLIL Ahmed , IKKACHE Kamel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In high-speed milling, the machining system is affected by chatter resulting from the dynamic interaction between the tool and the part. Which can cause a harmful effect on the tool and the machined surface of the part. Chatter occurs more frequently for the milling of thin-walled parts due to their low stiffness. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of thin-walled parts vary along the tool path. The dynamics of the part is therefore the dominant factor that should be considered in the modeling and the study of milling process must be performed in 3D where the third dimension is the tool position. This paper studies the milling stability of Al 7075-T6 thin-walled parts during high-speed milling considering the variation of dynamic characteristics and develops three-dimensional stability lobe diagrams of the spindle speed, axial depth of cut and tool position. The dynamic equations of motion are solved numerically using semi-discretization method. Modal parameters of the tool and the part were extracted experimentally by model tests. Then, cutting tests were conducted to validate the established model by measuring the machined surface roughness which is used as criterion for detecting instability. The experimentally obtained results correspond well with the predicted stability limits. Moreover, influence of different cutting parameters on the machining stability along the tool path was investigated. It is found that the variable speed improves significantly the cutting process, and the best selection of feed per tooth impacts positively on the machined surface quality.
Comparison of antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activity of γ-oryzanol and gallic acid by inhibiting tyrosinase activity in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells
Authors: Andalib Mahdieh , Asnaashari Maryam , Emami Seyed Ahmad , Hadipour Elham , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The beneficial effects of rice bran consumption must consider the synergic interaction of all these bioactive constituents.
Rice bran is abundant in gallic acid due to the tannins which upon hydrolysis yields gallic acid. Also, hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids were also found in the extracts. γ-Oryzanol comprises a mixture of ferulic acid esters and phytosterols (sterols and triterpenic alcohols). At least 10 steryl ferulates were determined in γ-oryzanol.
To better understand the mechanisms of the two important bioactive compounds of rice bran, we compared the antioxidant and anti melanogenic activities of gallic acid and γ-oryzanol for the treatment of disorders caused by hyperpigmentation. The antioxidant activity was measured by 2, 2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Then, its effects on viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mushroom tyrosinase and melanin content as well as amount of MITF and tyrosinase proteins was investigated on B16F10 murine melanoma cell line.
The antioxidant effects of were γ-oryzanol higher than gallic acid in DPPH and FRAP tests. Concentrations of 0.001 to 100 μM γ-oryzanol and gallic acid did not show significant cytotoxic effect at all concentrations after 24 and 48 h, and also reduced the amount of ROS, but did not have a significant effect in comparison with each other. In addition, the reduction of mushroom tyrosinase activity in γ-oryzanol was more than gallic acid and the concentrations of 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM showed significant effects. A decrease in melanin content was observed in different concentrations of γ-oryzanol and gallic acid, but this decrease in two compounds was not significant in comparison to each other. Finally, western blotting results showed that the decrease in the expression of MITF and tyrosinase proteins in γ-oryzanol is higher than in gallic acid, and this decrease was significant in concentrations of 01, 5 and 10 μM. According to the obtained results and the comparison of measured parameters between γ-oryzanol and gallic acid compounds, it can be concluded that γ-oryzanol has more antioxidant effects than gallic acid. In addition, γ-oryzanol shows higher inhibitory effects in the expression pathway of proteins involved in melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells.
According to the obtained results γ-oryzanol was superior to gallic acid in case of antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activity in B16F10 cells and may has higher potential in treating disorders caused by hyperpigmentation compared to gallic acid.
Impact of COVID-19 on selected essential public health services – lessons learned from a retrospective record review in the Free State, South Africa
Authors: Heunis Christo , Chikobvu Perpetual , Muteba Michel , Kigozi-Male N. Gladys , Engelbrecht Michelle C. , Mushori Providence 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background In an attempt to discern lessons to improve future pandemic responses, this study measured the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on essential public health services (EPHSs) related to primary health care (PHC) and outpatient department (OPD) utilisation, antiretroviral treatment (ART) commencement, drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) confirmation and treatment commencement, and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) coverage, in the Free State province of South Africa during January 2019 to March 2021.
Methods A pre-post study design comparing EPHS performance between 2019 and 2020/21 was employed. Routinely collected data were analysed. An interrupted time series analysis was used to measure changes in service use and outcomes from January 2019 to March 2021. Median changes were compared using Wilcoxon sign ranked tests. A 5% statistical significance level was considered
Results Over the study period, the median values for the annual number of PHC visits was 1.8, 55.3% for unreferred OPD visits, 69.4% for ART commencement, 95.1% and 18.7% for DS-TB confirmation and treatment commencement respectively, and 93.7% for BCG coverage. While BCG coverage increased by 5.85% (p=0.0101), declines were observed in PHC utilisation (10.53%; p=0.0010), unreferred OPD visits (12.05%; p=0.0006), ART commencement (9.53%; p=0.0174), and DS-TB confirmation (5.24%; p≥0.050) and treatment commencement (3.80%; p≥0.050). Given the importance of PHC in addressing a new pandemic, along with the existing HIV and TB epidemics – as well as the entire quadruple burden of disease – in South Africa, the finding that the PHC utilisation rate statistically significantly decreased in the Free State post-COVID-19 commencement is particularly concerning.
Conclusions The lessons learned from this retrospective review attest to a measure of resilience in EPHS delivery in the Free State in as far as a significant hike in BCG vaccination over the study period, 2019-2020/21 was observed. As evidenced by a declines in PHC service utilisation, the decreased numbers of new patients commencing ART and lower confirmed DS-TB case and DS-TB treatment commencement rates, we also learned that EPHS delivery in the province was fragile.
Enabling giant thermopower by heterostructure engineering of hydrated vanadium pentoxide for zinc ion thermoelectrochemical cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaogang , Li Zhiwei , Xu Yinghong , Wu Langyuan , Cui Jiaxin , Dou Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Flexible power supply devices provide possibilities for wearable electronics in the Internet of Things. However, unsatisfying capacity or lifetime of typical batteries or capacitors seriously limit their practical applications. Different from conventional heat-to-electricity generators, zinc ion thermoelectrochemical cells has been a competitive candidate for the self-power supply solution, but the lack of promising cathode materials has restricted the achievement of promising performances. Herein, we propose an attractive cathode material by rational heterostructure engineering of hydrated vanadium pentoxide. Owing to the integration of thermodiffusion and thermoextraction effects, the thermopower is significantly improved from 9.1 mV K− 1 to 25.3 mV K− 1. Moreover, an impressive normalized power density of 2.7 mW m− 2 K− 2 is achieved in the quasi-solid-state cells. In addition, a wearable power supply constructed by three units can drive the commercial health monitoring system by harvesting body heat. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of electrodes design for wearable thermoelectric applications.
Endovascular retrograde tibial access for limb salvage in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: A Case Report
Authors: Isaza-Meza Mariana , Corso-Ramírez Julián Miguel , Flórez-Amaya Paula , Cabrales-Arévalo Jaime Ramón , Barrera-Carvajal Juan Guillermo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Peripheral artery disease is a chronic disorder characterised by stenosis and/or occlusion of peripheral large and medium-sized arteries. It most commonly affects the lower limbs, causing claudication, and foot ulcers/gangrene, which if not treated correctly can lead to Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. This condition requires revascularization to improve limb perfusion and limit the risk of amputation.
Case presentation:
We describe the case of a 76-year-old Latin American male who presented to the emergency department with ischemic rest pain and ulceration of the left limb. Angiotomography showed severe stenosis in the left common femoral, superficial femoral, and popliteal left arteries. Percutaneous angioplasty intervention was made to restore the blood flow and limb salvage. A retrograde approach was obtained via ultrasonography-guided tibial anterior artery puncture. The post-procedural course was uneventful. The retrograde puncture technique allowed adequate blood flow without complications. Follow-up 2 months later showed resolution of foot ulcer.
Conclusions:
There are still limited studies available to evaluate the effectiveness and long-term success of tibio-pedal access for revascularization, nevertheless, it shows a promising option for patients with poor surgical options in need of urgent intervention.
A brain neoplasm follow-up in a tertiary public hospital of northeast of Brazil: 2014-2016 data.
Authors: Maia Rafael Costa Lima , Junior Howard Lopes Ribeiro ,   Maria Claudia dos Santos Luciano3, Fiorenza Natália Gindri , Ferraz Clarissa Perdigão Mello , de Azevedo Orleancio Gomes Ripardo , Junior Edson , Filho Stelio Araujo , Sobrinho Osvaldo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background. A brain neoplasm is a growth of abnormal cells in the brain. Brain tumors are dangerous because they can increase pressure on the brain and are associated to high mortality rates.
Methods. This study evaluated 669 patients; however, 42 patients were excluded from the study since they were diagnosed with conditions different from neoplasm. Thus, 627 were enrolled in the study. The patients were investigated for histologic type, localization, topography and laterality, the influence of early extubation and the diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus. All the patients enrolled on this study had diagnostic of at least brain dysplasia.
Results. Older patients (43±15.9) group significantly demonstrated the need for more urgency surgery compared to younger ones (30±14.6) (p<0.0001). Patients with previous surgery remained in the hospital, longer than patients that developed their first surgery (p=0.0171). This study demonstrated that the presence of hydrocephalus impacted in patients leading to increasing the duration of surgery (p<0.0001), length stay at intensive care unit (p=0.0023) and hospital (p<0.0001) respectively. This study found the early extubation protocol was associated to decreased duration of surgery (p<0.0001), also reduces length stay on intensive care unit (p<0.0001) and hospital stay (p<0.0001) respectively.
Conclusions. Low-grade gliomas were found in majority of females in the study, also, a male predominance among patients with craniopharyngioma. Early extubation was associated with a reduced duration of surgery and a shorter length of stay in the hospital and ICU. Hydrocephalus was associated with longer surgeries, increased length of stay in ICU and hospital.
Stat3 has a different role in axon growth during development than it does in axon regeneration after injury
Authors: Duan Qinwen , Zheng Hongfei , Qin Yanjun , Yan Jizhou , Wang Jian , Fan Chunxin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As a pleiotropic factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been implicated in both neural development and regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that Stat3 plays distinct roles in PLL axon embryonic growth and regeneration using zebrafish posterior lateral line (PLL) axons. Mutation of stat3 rather than Jak/Stat inhibition resulted in PLL axons truncation during embryonic growth. We found that Stat3 was co-localized with mitochondria in PLL axon and the ATPase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased in stat3 mutant and mitochondria agonist partially rescued PLL axon growth in stat3 mutant indicating Stat3 regulated PLL axon growth through mitochondrial Stat3 function. By contrast, Jak/Stat signaling inhibitors retarded PLL axon regeneration and Schwann cell migration. Stat3 promotes PLL axon regeneration mainly through regulating Schwann cell migration via Jak/Stat signaling. We provide a new mechanism of Stat3 in axon growth and regeneration and suggest that Stat3 is a promising therapeutic target for neural regeneration.
Effect of chemotherapy on prognosis in patients with primary pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Kun , Yuan Xinzhu , Jiang Ning , Zhao Pingwu , Du Cheng-You 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective Primary pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma (PSRCC) is an extremely rare histologic variant of pancreatic cancer with a worse prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of chemotherapy for patients with PSRCC.Methods Patients with PSRCC between 2000 and 2019 were identified Using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The main outcomes in our study were cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Patient baseline characteristics were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to generate the survival curves. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the prognostic variables on OS and CSS.Results A total of 588 patients with PSRCC were identified. Chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for OS and CSS, and significantly associated with OS (HR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.27–0.40, P < 0.001) and CSS (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.26–0.39, P < 0.001).Conclusions Patients with PSRCC can benefit from chemotherapy, so it should be recommended to patients with PSRCC, especially those not suitable for surgery.