bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The SciQA Scientific Question Answering Benchmark for Scholarly Knowledge
Authors: Auer Sören , Barone Dante A. C. , Bartz Cassiano , Cortes Eduardo G. , Jaradeh Mohamad Yaser , Karras Oliver , Koubarakis Manolis , Mouromtsev Dmitry , Pliukhin Dmitrii , Radyush Daniil , Shilin Ivan , Stocker Markus , Tsalapati Eleni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKnowledge graphs have gained increasing popularity in the last decade in science and technology. However, knowledge graphs are currently relatively simple to moderate semantic structures that are mainly a collection of factual statements. Question answering (QA) benchmarks and systems were so far mainly geared towards encyclopedic knowledge graphs such as DBpedia and Wikidata. We present SciQA a scientific QA benchmark for scholarly knowledge. The benchmark leverages the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) which includes almost 170,000 resources describing research contributions of almost 15,000 scholarly articles from 709 research fields. Following a bottom-up methodology, we first manually developed a set of 100 complex questions that can be answered using this knowledge graph. Furthermore, we devised eight question templates with which we automatically generated further 2465 questions, that can also be answered with the ORKG. The questions cover a range of research fields and question types and are translated into corresponding SPARQL queries over the ORKG. Based on two preliminary evaluations, we show that the resulting SciQA benchmark represents a challenging task for next-generation QA systems. This task is part of the open competitions at the 22nd International Semantic Web Conference 2023 as the Scholarly Question Answering over Linked Data (QALD) Challenge.
Green synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of gold and silver nanoparticles using Mentha spicata essential oil
Authors: Moosavy Mir-Hassan , de la Guardia Miguel , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Khatibi Seyed Amin , Hosseinzadeh Neda , Hajipour Nasser 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGreen synthesis of bioactive nanoparticles (NPs) is getting more attractive in various fields of science including the food industry. This study investigates the green synthesizing and characterization of gold NPs (AuNPs) and silver NPs (AgNPs) produced using Mentha spicata L. (M. spicata) essential oil as well as their antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro cytotoxic effects. The essential oil was mixed with both Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) solutions separately and incubated at room temperature for 24 h. The chemical composition of the essential oil was identified by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector (GC–MS). Au and Ag nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The cytotoxicity of both types of nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT assay on cancerous HEPG-2cell line by exposing them to various concentrations of both NPs for 24 h. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated by the well-diffusion technique. The antioxidant effect was determined by DPPH and ABTS tests. According to the results of GC–MS analysis, 18 components were identified, including carvone (78.76%) and limonene (11.50%). UV–visible spectroscopy showed a strong absorption peak of 563 nm and 485 nm, indicating the formation of Au NPs and Ag NPs, respectively. TEM and DLS demonstrated that AuNPs and AgNPs were predominantly spherical shaped with average sizes of 19.61 nm and 24 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis showed that biologically active compounds such as monoterpenes could assist in the formation and stabilization of both types of NPs. Additionally, XRD provided more accurate results, revealing a nano-metal structure. Silver nanoparticles exhibited better antimicrobial activity against the bacteria than AuNPs. Zones of inhibition ranging 9.0–16.0 mm were recorded for the AgNPs, while zones of 8.0–10.33 mm were observed AuNPs. In the ABTS assay, the AuNPs and AgNPs showed a dose-dependent activity and synthesized nanoparticles exhibited higher antioxidant activity than MSEO in both assays. Mentha spicata essential oil can be successfully used for the green production of Au NPs and Ag NPs. Both green synthesized NPs show antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro cytotoxic activity.
Sentiments analysis of fMRI using automatically generated stimuli labels under naturalistic paradigm
Authors: Mahrukh Rimsha , Shakil Sadia , Malik Aamir Saeed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur emotions and sentiments are influenced by naturalistic stimuli such as the movies we watch and the songs we listen to, accompanied by changes in our brain activation. Comprehension of these brain-activation dynamics can assist in identification of any associated neurological condition such as stress and depression, leading towards making informed decision about suitable stimuli. A large number of open-access functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets collected under naturalistic conditions can be used for classification/prediction studies. However, these datasets do not provide emotion/sentiment labels, which limits their use in supervised learning studies. Manual labeling by subjects can generate these labels, however, this method is subjective and biased. In this study, we are proposing another approach of generating automatic labels from the naturalistic stimulus itself. We are using sentiment analyzers (VADER, TextBlob, and Flair) from natural language processing to generate labels using movie subtitles. Subtitles generated labels are used as the class labels for positive, negative, and neutral sentiments for classification of brain fMRI images. Support vector machine, random forest, decision tree, and deep neural network classifiers are used. We are getting reasonably good classification accuracy (42–84%) for imbalanced data, which is increased (55–99%) for balanced data.
Influence of load partial factors adjustment on reliability design of RC frame structures in China
Authors: Cheng Kaikai , Weng Guangyuan , Cheng Zhengjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe partial factor method has been widely used in building design and the partial factors to ensure the safety of structures are specified in the adopted codes. The load partial factors in the design expressions have been increased in the lasted code in China, which leads to theoretically increment in reliability and a growth in the consumption of construction materials. However, the influence of load partial factors adjustment on design of building structures arises different points among scholars. Some believe that it has a great impact on the design, some think the influence is small. This makes designers have doubts in the safety of structures and investors are also confused about the cost. In order to illustrate the influence of load partial factor adjustment on safety level and material consumption of RC (Reinforced Concrete) frame structures, reliability analysis and material consumption analysis are performed using First Order Reliability Method (FORM). The approach is carried out according to the load partial factors in Chinese codes of (GB50153-2008) and (GB50068-2018), respectively. Then, the influence of load partial factors adjustment is demonstrated with a case design of RC frame structures with different load partial factors in codes. The results show that the partial factor has a noticeable influence on the reliability index. The adjustment of load partial factors in design leads to an increase of the reliability index, which is about 8–16%. The increase of material consumption used in RC structures is about 0.75–6.29%. And the case indicated that the adjustment of load partial factors mainly result in the increase of reinforcement consumption, while have little effect on the concrete consumption. This study provides an analytical and conclusive insight into the influence of load partial factor adjustment on safety level and material consumption, which is can be applied to a wide range of structures.
Study on web pillar failure mechanism during auger mining and its associated risk assessment
Authors: Jiang Juyu , Sun Jianxiong , Wang Dong , Lu Ye , Cai Mingxiang , Li Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo safely and efficiently recover trapped coal under final endwalls in open cut mines, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation were used to study the stability of web pillar during auger mining. The partial ordered set (poset) evaluation model was used to develop a risk assessment methodology, and auger mining at Pingshuo Antaibao open cut coal mine was used as a field example for validation. Based on the catastrophe theory, the failure criterion of web pillar was established. From the limit equilibrium theory, the maximum allowable plastic yield zone width and minimum web pillar width were proposed under various Factor of Safety (FoS) thresholds. This in turn provides a new method for web pillar design. Based on the poset theory and combining with the risk evaluation and proposed hazard levels, input data were standardized and weighted. Subsequently, the comparison matrix, HASSE matrix and HASSE diagram were established. The study shows that: when the width of the plastic zone of web pillar exceeds 88% of the total width, web pillar may be unstable. Based on the calculation formula for the required width of web pillar, the required pillar width was 4.93 m and it was deemed as “mostly stable”. This was consistent with the field condition on site. Such that this method was validated.
Comparison of the forward and sideways locomotor patterns in children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Cappellini Germana , Sylos-Labini Francesca , Avaltroni Priscilla , Dewolf Arthur H. , Assenza Carla , Morelli Daniela , Lacquaniti Francesco , Ivanenko Yury 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSwitching locomotion direction is a common task in daily life, and it has been studied extensively in healthy people. Little is known, however, about the locomotor adjustments involved in changing locomotion direction from forward (FW) to sideways (SW) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The importance of testing the ability of children with CP in this task lies in the assessment of flexible, adaptable adjustments of locomotion as a function of the environmental context. On the one hand, the ability of a child to cope with novel task requirements may provide prognostic cues as to the chances of modifying the gait adaptively. On the other hand, challenging the child with the novel task may represent a useful rehabilitation tool to improve the locomotor performance. SW is an asymmetrical locomotor task and requires a differential control of right and left limb muscles. Here, we report the results of a cross-sectional study comparing FW and SW in 27 children with CP (17 diplegic, 10 hemiplegic, 2–10 years) and 18 age-matched typically developing (TD) children. We analyzed gait kinematics, joint moments, EMG activity of 12 pairs of bilateral muscles, and muscle modules evaluated by factorization of EMG signals. Task performance in several children with CP differed drastically from that of TD children. Only 2/3 of children with CP met the primary outcome, i.e. they succeeded to step sideways, and they often demonstrated attempts to step forward. They tended to rotate their trunk FW, cross one leg over the other, flex the knee and hip. Moreover, in contrast to TD children, children with CP often exhibited similar motor modules for FW and SW. Overall, the results reflect developmental deficits in the control of gait, bilateral coordination and adjustment of basic motor modules in children with CP. We suggest that the sideways (along with the backward) style of locomotion represents a novel rehabilitation protocol that challenges the child to cope with novel contextual requirements.
Research on the performance of modified blue coke in adsorbing hexavalent chromium
Authors: Wang Hua , Wang Wencheng , Zhang Guotao , Gao Xuchun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo solve the issue of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in water bodies, blue coke powder (LC) was chemically changed using potassium hydroxide to create the modified material (GLC), which was then used to treat a Cr(VI)-containing wastewater solution. The differences between the modified and unmodified blue coke’s adsorption characteristics for Cr(VI) were studied, and the impact of pH, starting solution concentration, and adsorption period on the GLC's adsorption performance was investigated. The adsorption behavior of the GLC was analyzed using isothermal adsorption models, kinetic models, and adsorption thermodynamic analysis. The mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption by the GLC was investigated using characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). With the biggest difference in removal rate at pH = 2, which was 2.42 times that of LC, batch adsorption experiments revealed that, under the same adsorption conditions, the GLC always performed better than LC. With a specific surface area that was three times that of LC and an average pore diameter that was 0.67 times that of LC, GLC had a more porous structure than LC. The alteration significantly increased the number of hydroxyls on the surface of GLC by altering the structural makeup of LC. The ideal pH for removing Cr(VI) was 2, and the ideal GLC adsorbent dosage was 2.0 g/L. Pseudo-second-order kinetic (PSO) model and Redlich-Peterson (RP) model can effectively describe the adsorption behavior of GLC for Cr(VI). Physical and chemical adsorption work together to remove Cr(VI) by GLC in a spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-increasing process, with oxidation–reduction processes playing a key role. GLC is a potent adsorbent that can be used to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Profiling of adrenal corticosteroids in blood and local tissues of mice during chronic stress
Authors: Vagnerová Karla , Jágr Michal , Mekadim Chahrazed , Ergang Peter , Sechovcová Hana , Vodička Martin , Olša Fliegerová Kateřina , Dvořáček Václav , Mrázek Jakub , Pácha Jiří 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStress increases plasma concentrations of corticosteroids, however, their tissue levels are unclear. Using a repeated social defeat paradigm, we examined the impact of chronic stress on tissue levels of corticosterone (CORT), progesterone (PROG), 11-deoxycorticosterone (11DOC) and 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11DHC) and on gut microbiota, which may reshape the stress response. Male BALB/c mice, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 16S RNA gene sequencing were used to screen steroid levels and fecal microbiome, respectively. Stress induced greater increase of CORT in the brain, liver, and kidney than in the colon and lymphoid organs, whereas 11DHC was the highest in the colon, liver and kidney and much lower in the brain and lymphoid organs. The CORT/11DHC ratio in plasma was similar to the brain but much lower in other organs. Stress also altered tissue levels of PROG and 11DOC and the PROG/11DOC ratio was much higher in lymphoid organs that in plasma and other organs. Stress impacted the β- but not the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and LEfSe analysis revealed several biomarkers associated with stress treatment. Our data indicate that social defeat stress modulates gut microbiota diversity and induces tissue-dependent changes in local levels of corticosteroids, which often do not reflect their systemic levels.
Gut-specific telomerase expression counteracts systemic aging in telomerase-deficient zebrafish
Authors: El Maï Mounir , Bird Malia , Allouche Asma , Targen Seniye , Şerifoğlu Naz , Lopes-Bastos Bruno , Guigonis Jean-Marie , Kang Da , Pourcher Thierry , Yue Jia-Xing , Ferreira Miguel Godinho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTelomere shortening is a hallmark of aging and is counteracted by telomerase. As in humans, the zebrafish gut is one of the organs with the fastest rate of telomere decline, triggering early tissue dysfunction during normal zebrafish aging and in prematurely aged telomerase mutants. However, whether telomere-dependent aging of an individual organ, the gut, causes systemic aging is unknown. Here we show that tissue-specific telomerase expression in the gut can prevent telomere shortening and rescues premature aging of tert−/−. Induction of telomerase rescues gut senescence and low cell proliferation, while restoring tissue integrity, inflammation and age-dependent microbiota dysbiosis. Averting gut aging causes systemic beneficial impacts, rescuing aging of distant organs such as reproductive and hematopoietic systems. Conclusively, we show that gut-specific telomerase expression extends the lifespan of tert−/− by 40%, while ameliorating natural aging. Our work demonstrates that gut-specific rescue of telomerase expression leading to telomere elongation is sufficient to systemically counteract aging in zebrafish.
The association of prokaryotic antiviral systems and symbiotic phage communities in drinking water microbiomes
Authors: Huang Dan , Yuan Mengting Maggie , Chen Juhong , Zheng Xiaoxuan , Wong Dongsheng , Alvarez Pedro J J , Yu Pingfeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Prokaryotic antiviral systems are important mediators for prokaryote-phage interactions, which have significant implications for the survival of prokaryotic community. However, the prokaryotic antiviral systems under environmental stress are poorly understood, limiting the understanding of microbial adaptability. Here, we systematically investigated the profile of the prokaryotic antiviral systems at the community level and prokaryote-phage interactions in the drinking water microbiome. Chlorine disinfectant was revealed as the main ecological driver for the difference in prokaryotic antiviral systems and prokaryote-phage interactions. Specifically, the prokaryotic antiviral systems in the microbiome exhibited a higher abundance, broader antiviral spectrum, and lower metabolic burden under disinfectant stress. Moreover, significant positive correlations were observed between phage lysogenicity and enrichment of antiviral systems (e.g., Type IIG and IV restriction-modification (RM) systems, and Type II CRISPR-Cas system) in the presence of disinfection, indicating these antiviral systems might be more compatible with lysogenic phages and prophages. Accordingly, there was a stronger prokaryote-phage symbiosis in disinfected microbiome, and the symbiotic phages carried more auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) related to prokaryotic adaptability as well as antiviral systems, which might further enhance prokaryote survival in drinking water distribution systems. Overall, this study demonstrates that the prokaryotic antiviral systems had a close association with their symbiotic phages, which provides novel insights into prokaryote-phage interactions and microbial environmental adaptation.
De novo priming: driver of immunotherapy responses or epiphenomenon?
Authors: Young Alexander L. , Lorimer Tara , Al-Khalidi Sarwah K. , Roberts Edward W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The introduction of immunotherapy, in particular immune checkpoint inhibition, has revolutionised the treatment of a range of tumours; however, only a minority of patients respond to these therapies. Understanding the mechanisms by which different immune checkpoint inhibitors work will be critical for both predicting patients who will respond and to developing rational combination therapies to extend these benefits further. The initiation and maintenance of anti-tumour T cell responses is a complicated process split between both the tumour microenvironment and the tumour draining lymph node. As understanding of this process has increased, it has become apparent that immune checkpoint inhibitors can act both within the tumour and in the draining lymph node and that they can target both already activated T cells as well as stimulating the priming of novel T cell clones. Currently, it seems likely that immune checkpoint inhibition acts both within the tumour and in the tumour draining lymph node both reinvigorating existing clones and driving further de novo priming of novel clones. The relative contributions of these sites and targets may depend on the type of model being used and the timeline of the response. Shorter models emphasise the effect of reinvigoration in the absence of recruitment of new clones but studies spanning longer time periods examining T cell clones in patients demonstrate clonal replacement. Ultimately, further work is needed to determine which of the diverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors are the fundamental drivers of anti-tumour responses in patients.
The quest for Magrathea planets
Authors: Ledda Sebastiano , Danielski Camilla , Turrini Diego 
Published: May 2023

Context. The formation of planets around binary stars is the subject of ongoing investigations focusing on the early stages of stellar life. The evolution of binaries that become double white dwarfs (DWDs), however, can cause the ejection of high amounts of dust and gas. This material can give rise to circumbinary discs and become the cradle of new planets, yet no studies to date have focused on the formation of circumbinary planets around DWDs. These binaries will be the main sources of gravitational waves (GWs) detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission from the European Space Agency (ESA), opening the possibility to detect circumbinary planets around short-period DWDs everywhere in the Milky Way and in the Large Magellanic Cloud via the modulation of their GW signal.
Aims. We investigated the formation process and characteristics (e.g. formation times, masses, and final locations) of Magrathea planets within circumbinary discs around detached DWDs, paying particular attention to the formation of gas giant (GG) planets.
Methods. We simulated multiple planet formation tracks to explore how the planetary formation processes typical of pre-main sequence (pre-MS) discs are affected by the disc environments surrounding DWDs. We investigate the mass and orbital evolution of planetary seeds growing first through pebble accretion, then by gas accretion. Our growth tracks account for both the disc accretion rate onto the central binary and the disc photoevaporation rate caused by stellar irradiation.
Results. We present both planetary formation tracks taking place in steady-state discs, and formation tracks taking place in discs evolving as a function of time. Our simulations show that planetary formation should be common in circumbinary discs around DWDs, but the formation of GG planets can be hindered by the temperatures of the disc and the rapid disc depletion.
Conclusions. Our results show that planetary formation in circumbinary discs around DWDs can be possible. In particular, the extreme planetary formation environment implies three significant results: (i) the accretion rate and the metallicity of the disc should be high in order to form sub-stellar objects with masses up to ~31 MJ, this is achieved only if planet formation starts soon after the onset of the disc and if first-generation seeds are present in the disc; (ii) seeds formed within 0.1 Myr, or within 1 Myr, of the onset of the disc can only produce sub-Neptunian (SN) planets and Neptunian (N) planets, unless the disc accommodates first-generation seeds with mass 10 M⊕; (iii) most of the planets are finally located within 1 au of the disc centre, while they are still undergoing the gas accretion phase.
Direkt gedruckte Aligner – der heilige Gral in der
Kieferorthopädie?
Authors: Graf Simon 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDirekt gedruckte Aligner! Um diesen Begriff kommt man in der
Kieferorthopädie fast nicht mehr herum. Doch was bedeutet er, und was
bedeutet er für den Kieferorthopäden und seine Patienten? In
diesem Artikel beleuchtet das Potential von Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der
direkt gedruckten Aligner. Viele bestehende Schwierigkeiten in der
Schienentherapie können durch die Vielseitigkeit der druckbaren Elemente
auf den Schienen behoben oder wenigstens reduziert werden.