bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of brain tumour based on texture and deep features of magnetic resonance images
Authors: Mishra Hare Krishna , Kaur Manpreet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccording to the world health organization report, brain cancer has the highest death rate. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting brain tumours is adopted these days due to several advantages over other detection techniques. This paper presents a novel methodology to classify MR images based on texture and deep features, z‐score normalization, and, Comprehensive learning elephant herding optimization (CLEHO) based feature optimization and classification. Deep features of brain MR images have been extracted through DenseNet121 convolutional neural network and texture features have been extracted by using the Gabor 2D filter, Haralick texture feature, edge continuity texture feature, first order statistical texture feature, local binary pattern feature, difference theoretic texture feature, and spectral texture feature techniques. Normalization has been done using three normalization techniques that is, z score, mean median absolute deviation (MMAD), and Tanh‐based after aggregating the features extracted from the previous step. z‐score normalization has been suggested for feature normalization after comparing the results attained from the three techniques. Lastly, binary CLEHO has been proposed for selecting an optimal feature set and also optimizing the ‘k’ value of the k‐NN classifier. The outcome of this proposed work is compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods for a publicly available magnetic resonance image Fighshare dataset of 3064 slices from 233 patients. The proposed work has a brain tumour average classification accuracy of 98.97%, which is better than the other state‐of‐the‐art methods. The proposed work can be used to assist the radiologist in the screening of multi‐class brain tumours.
Experimental warming and browning influence autumnal pelagic and benthic invertebrate biomass and community structure
Authors: Koizumi Shuntaro , Hamdan Mohammed , Puts Isolde Callisto , Bergström Ann‐Kristin , Karlsson Jan , Byström Pär 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Globally, lakes are warming and browning with ongoing climate change. These changes significantly impact a lake's biogeochemical properties and all organisms, including invertebrate consumers. The effects of these changes are essential to understand, especially during critical periods after and before the growing season, that is, autumn and spring, which can determine the composition of the invertebrate consumer community.

In this study, we used a large‐scale experimental pond system to test the combined effect of warming (+3°C) and increased input of terrestrial and coloured dissolved organic carbon (gradient of 1.6–8.8 mg/L in the ambient and 1.6–9.3 mg/L in the warm)—which causes browning—on zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrate biomass and composition during the autumn and the following spring.

Total zooplankton biomass decreased with warming and increased with browning, while total zoobenthos did not respond to either treatment. Warming and browning throughout the autumn had no overall interactive effects on zooplankton or zoobenthos. Autumnal warming decreased total pelagic consumer biomass, caused by a decrease in both Rotifera and Copepoda. In contrast, there was no effect on overall benthic consumer biomass, with only Asellus sp. biomass showing a negative response to warming. An autumnal increase in dissolved organic carbon led to increased total pelagic consumer biomass, which was related to increases in Daphnia sp. biomass but did not affect zoobenthos biomass. While we expected zooplankton and zoobenthos biomass to follow responses in primary and bacterial production to treatments, we did not find any relationship between consumer groups and these estimates of resource production.

Our results suggest that consumer responses to warming and browning during autumn may lead to less overarching general changes in consumer biomass, and responses are mostly taxon‐specific.

This study gives novel insights into the effects of warming and browning on consumer biomass during autumn and spring and increases the understanding of the effects of climate change on invertebrate community biomass in the different habitats.
The recent natural history of human papillomavirus cervical infection in women living with HIV: A scoping review of meta‐analyses and systematic reviews and the construction of a hypothetical model
Authors: Gilles Christine , Konopnicki Déborah , Rozenberg Serge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWomen with HIV are more often infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) and are more prone to develop precancerous cervical lesions (squamous intraepithelial lesions, SIL) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) than HIV‐negative women.ObjectiveThis scoping‐review analyses the impact of HIV on HPV prevalence, incidence and evolution to SIL and ICC.MethodsWe selected all PubMed systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published between January 2000 and July 2021 reporting data about HPV, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), SIL and ICC prevalence, incidence and evolution in women with HIV. A hypothetical model comparing the history of HPV infection in HIV‐negative, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)‐treated and ‐untreated women with HIV was built.ResultsData from 11 meta‐analyses and 10 systematic reviews were selected, which included between 770 and 236 127 women with HIV. Women with HIV have a 3 to 6 times higher risk of being infected by HPV, of progression to high‐grade SIL (HSIL) and to ICC. These risks are exacerbated when the CD4 cell counts are low and when they are not using cART, whereas these risks are reduced by 20%–30% when they are optimally treated with cART and have had a suppressed HIV viral load for at least 2 years. In our model, we illustrated that optimal HIV treatment and preventing HIV reduce the number of ICC cases by 2.5 and 6 times, respectively.ConclusionsOptimal treatment and care of HIV patients are essential to reduce their prevalence of ICC, as are preventive strategies which include HPV vaccination, cervical cancer screening strategies and treatment of HSIL.
Development and application of pH‐indicator film based on freeze‐dried purple‐fleshed sweet potato, starch, and CMC
Authors: Silva Mariá Toledo de Carvalho , Cunha Júnior Paulo Cezar da , Miranda Cristiane Grella , Sato Ana Carla Kawazoe , Machado Mariana Teixeira da Costa , Ferreira Elisa Helena da Rocha 
Published: April 2023

SummarySmart packaging is an emergent solution commonly used to indicate the current quality and freshness of the food. In this study, a pH indicator film without an anthocyanin‐extraction step was developed, based on purple‐fleshed sweet potato powder (SPP) prepared by freeze drying process, with starch or starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The colour of the powder and the films changed from pink to green with the pH change from 1 to 11. The effectiveness of the indicator films was assessed by the ground beef spoilage trial, which resulted in a colour change from purple to green when the pH of the meat raised from 5.54 to 7.92. The microbiological growth and the sensory changes of the meat confirmed the deterioration process. Therefore, developed indicator films could successfully indicate the spoilage of packaged ground beef.
Australian recommendations on perioperative use of disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs in people with inflammatory arthritis undergoing elective surgery
Authors: Buchbinder Rachelle , Glennon Vanessa , Johnston Renea V. , Brennan Sue E. , Fong Chris , Edward May Suzie , O'Neill Sean , Smitham Peter , Trevena Lyndal , Whittaker Glen , Wluka Anita , Whittle Samuel L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDisease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are effective treatments for inflammatory arthritis but carry an increased risk of infection. For patients undergoing surgery, there is a need to consider the trade‐off between a theoretical increased risk of infection with continuation of DMARDs perioperatively versus an increased risk of disease flare if they are temporarily withheld. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to develop recommendations for perioperative use of DMARDs for people with inflammatory arthritis undergoing elective surgery. The recommendations form part of the National Health and Medical Research Council‐endorsed Australian Living Guideline for the Pharmacological Management of Inflammatory Arthritis. Conditional recommendations were made against routinely discontinuing conventional synthetic and biologic (b) DMARDs in the perioperative period but to consider temporary discontinuation of bDMARDs in individuals with a high risk of infection or where the impact of infection would be severe. A conditional recommendation was made in favour of temporary discontinuation of targeted synthetic DMARDs in the perioperative period.
Influences of the COVID‐19 pandemic on admissions and clinical outcomes in mental health disorders and self‐poisoning: Age‐ and sex‐specific analysis
Authors: Fluck David , Fry Christopher H. , Robin Jonathan , Bull Ellen , Lewis Andrea , Rees Jacqui , Jones Gareth , Taylor Liz , Han Thang S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe measured rates of hospital admissions for mental health disorders and self‐poisoning during the pandemic in patients without COVID‐19, compared to those admitted before the pandemic. Data were collected from 01/04/2019 to 31/03/2021, including the pandemic period from 01/03/2020. There were 10 173 (47.7% men) from the pre‐pandemic and 11 019 (47.5% men) from the pandemic periods; mean age = 68.3 year. During the pandemic, admission rates for mental health disorders and self‐poisoning were higher for any given age and sex. Self‐poisoning was increased with toxic substances, sedatives and psychotropic drugs, but reduced with nonopioid analgesics. Patients admitted with mental health disorders had lower readmission rates within 28 days during the pandemic, but did not differ in other outcomes. Outcomes from self‐poisoning did not change between the two study periods.
Genomic surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 strains circulating in Iran during six waves of the pandemic
Authors: Sadeghi Kaveh , Zadheidar Sevrin , Zebardast Arghavan , Nejati Ahmad , Faraji Marziyeh , Ghavami Nastaran , Kalantari Shirin , Salimi Vahid , Yavarian Jila , Abedi Adel , Jandaghi Nazanin Zahra Shafiei , Mokhtari‐Azad Talat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 genomic surveillance is necessary for the detection, monitoring, and evaluation of virus variants, which can have increased transmissibility, disease severity, or other adverse effects. We sequenced 330 SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes during the sixth wave of the COVID pandemic in Iran and compared them with five previous waves, for identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, the genomic behavior of the virus, and understanding its characteristics.MethodsAfter viral RNA extraction from clinical samples collected during the COVID‐19 pandemic, next generation sequencing was performed using the Nextseq and Nanopore platforms. The sequencing data were analyzed and compared with reference sequences.ResultsIn Iran during the first wave, V and L clades were detected. The second wave was recognized by G, GH, and GR clades. Circulating clades during the third wave were GH and GR. In the fourth wave, GRY (alpha variant), GK (delta variant), and one GH clade (beta variant) were detected. All viruses in the fifth wave were in GK clade (delta variant). In the sixth wave, Omicron variant (GRA clade) was circulating.ConclusionsGenome sequencing, a key strategy in genomic surveillance systems, helps to detect and monitor the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, monitor the viral evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2, identify new variants for disease prevention, control, and treatment, and also provide information for and conduct public health measures in this area. With this system, Iran could be ready for surveillance of other respiratory virus diseases besides influenza and SARS‐CoV‐2.
Is age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for ADHD associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse?
Authors: McCabe Sean Esteban , Figueroa Olivia , McCabe Vita V. , Schepis Ty S. , Schulenberg John E. , Veliz Philip T. , Werner Kennedy S. , Wilens Timothy E. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundTo assess whether age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse during adolescence.MethodsNationally representative samples of US 10th and 12th grade students (N = 150,395) from the Monitoring the Future study were surveyed via self‐administered questionnaires from 16 annual surveys (2005–2020).ResultsAn estimated 8.2% of youth received stimulant therapy for ADHD during their lifetime (n = 10,937). More than one in 10 of all youth reported past‐year prescription stimulant misuse (10.4%)—past‐year cocaine (4.4%) and methamphetamine (2.0%) use were less prevalent. Youth who initiated early stimulant therapy for ADHD (≤9 years old) and for long duration (≥6 years) did not have significantly increased adjusted odds of cocaine or methamphetamine use relative to population controls (ie, non‐ADHD and unmedicated ADHD youth). Youth who initiated late stimulant therapy for ADHD (≥10 years old) and for short duration (<1 year) had significantly higher odds of past‐year cocaine or prescription stimulant misuse in adolescence than those initiating early stimulant therapy for ADHD (≤9 years old) and for long duration (≥6 years). Youth who initiated late stimulant therapy for ADHD (≥10 years) for short duration (<1 year) had significantly higher odds of past‐year cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse versus population controls during adolescence. No differences in past‐year cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse were found between individuals who only used non‐stimulant therapy for ADHD relative to youth who initiated early stimulant therapy (≤9 years old) and for long duration (≥6 years).ConclusionsAn inverse relationship was found between years of stimulant therapy and illicit and prescription stimulant misuse. Adolescents with later initiation and/or shorter duration of stimulant treatment for ADHD should be monitored for potential illicit and prescription stimulant misuse.
Deep ultraviolet fluorescence sensing with multispectral imaging to detect and monitor food‐borne pathogens on the leafy green phyllosphere
Authors: Johnson Nick , Kniel Kalmia , Bais Harsh , Ragone Anthony 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDemand for sustainable and safe raw agricultural commodities is growing rapidly worldwide. Reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses associated with fresh produce is a task which the industry and academic researchers have been struggling with for many years. There is an immediate need to devise a non‐invasive optical detection system to monitor the food‐borne pathogens on the leaf surface. The detection of foodborne pathogens on leafy produce is performed often too late because of the invasive techniques used to evaluate the pathogen colonization. Use of deep ultraviolet fluorescence (DUVF) sensing and visible–near infrared multispectral imaging (MSI) has previously been used to monitor plant interactions against both biotic and abiotic stress regimes. Using the patho‐system that we developed to monitor Salmonella sp. and Listeria sp. ingression in leafy greens such as lettuce/spinach, we show that plant response in terms of fluctuation of chlorophyll pigments post‐Salmonella/Listeria treatment is rapid. We also show that the mode of application of Salmonella/Listeria via foliar or root supplementation changes the ChlA response. Our data also reveals that the plant sentinel response in terms of early photosynthetic response may be critical to detect food‐borne pathogens on leafy greens. MSI demonstrated that plant stress was detectable and proportional to the bacterial inoculation rate on plants. Our research may lead to implementation of better strategies and technology to increase yield and reduce risks associated with contamination of foodborne bacterial pathogens.
Sexually differentiated microglia and CA1 hippocampal synaptic connectivity
Authors: Prengel Tim M. , Brunne Bianka , Habiballa Moataz , Rune Gabriele M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroglia have been shown to sculpt postnatal circuitry from birth up to adulthood due to their role in both synapse formation, synaptic pruning, and the elimination of weak, redundant synapses. Microglia are differentiated in a sex‐dependent manner. In this study, we tested whether sexual differentiation of microglia results in sex‐dependent postnatal reorganization of CA1 synaptic connectivity in the hippocampus. The stereological counting of synapses in mice using electron microscopy showed a continuous rise in synapse density until the fourth week, followed by a plateau phase and loss of synapses from the eighth week onwards, with no difference between sexes. This course of alteration in synapse numbers did not differ between sexes. However, selectively, on postnatal day (P) 14 the density of synapses was significantly higher in the female than in the male hippocampus. Higher synapse density in females was paralleled by higher activity of microglia, as indicated by morphological changes, CD68 expression, and proximity of microglia to synaptic sites. In Thy1‐GFP mice, consistent with increased synapse numbers, bouton density was also clearly increased in females at P14. At this time point, CD47 expression, the “don't eat me” signal of neurons, was similar in males and females. The decrease in bouton density thereafter in conjunction with increased synapse numbers argues for a role of microglia in the formation of multispine boutons (MSB). Our data in females at P14 support the regulatory role of microglia in synapse density. Sexual differentiation of microglia, however, does not substantially affect long‐term synaptic reorganization in the hippocampus.
Big Five personality traits predict small but robust differences in civic engagement
Authors: Stahlmann Alexander G. , Hopwood Christopher J. , Bleidorn Wiebke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis preregistered study provides robust estimates of the links between Big Five personality traits and civic engagement across different samples and life stages.MethodsWe recruited two samples from the United States and United Kingdom (total N = 1593) and measured Big Five domains, Big Five aspects, and six civic engagement indicators: volunteerism, charitable giving, donating blood, posthumous organ donation, political voting, and vaccination. We compared the links between these measures across samples and tested moderation across life stages and several sociodemographic variables. We explored whether these links replicate between self‐ and peer‐reports.ResultsWe found small but robust effects. Agreeable, extraverted, and open/intellectual participants reported more civic engagement, especially volunteerism and charitable giving. Neurotic and conscientious participants mainly reported less civic engagement, especially blood and organ donations. One of the two Big Five aspects often drove these links, such as Compassion in the link between Agreeableness and volunteerism. We found some differences between younger and middle‐aged adults.ConclusionsBig Five personality traits predict civic engagement modestly but consistently, with adequate study power being critical to detecting these links. Lower‐order traits, such as Big Five aspects, clarify the relationships between traits and engagement. Life stages and sociodemographic variables have limited effects.
Rapid but narrow – Evolutionary adaptation and transcriptional response of Drosophila melanogaster to toxic mould
Authors: Trienens Monika , Kurtz Joachim , Wertheim Bregje 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInsects have adapted to a multitude of environmental conditions, including the presence of xenobiotic noxious substances. Environmental microorganisms, particularly rich on ephemeral resources, employ these noxious chemicals in a chemical warfare against predators and competitors, driving co‐evolutionary adaptations. In order to analyse how environmental microbes may be driving such evolutionary adaptations, we experimentally evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations by exposing larvae to the toxin‐producing mould Aspergillus nidulans that infests the flies' breeding substrate. To disentangle the effects of the mycotoxin Sterigmatocystin from other substrate modifications inflicted by the mould, we used the following four selection regimes: (i) control without fungus, (ii) A. nidulans wild type, (iii) a mutant of A. nidulans ΔlaeA with impaired toxin production, (iv) synthetic Sterigmatocystin. Experimental evolution was carried out in five independent D. melanogaster populations each, for a total of 11 generations. We further combined our evolution experiment with transcriptome analysis to identify evolutionary shifts in gene expression due to the selection regimes and mould confrontation. Populations that evolved in presence of the toxin‐producing mould or the pure mycotoxin rapidly adapted to the respective conditions and showed higher viability in subsequent confrontations. Yet, mycotoxin‐selected populations had no advantage in A. nidulans wild type confrontation. Moreover, distinctive changes in gene expression related to the selection‐regime contrast were only associated with the toxin‐producing‐fungus regime and comprised a narrow set of genes. Thus, it needs the specific conditions of the selection agent to enable adaptation to the fungus.
Understanding immunoactinopathies: A decade of research on WAS gene defects
Authors: Vieira Rhaissa Calixto , Pinho Lia Goncalves , Westerberg Lisa S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmunoactinopathies caused by mutations in actin‐related proteins are a growing group of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Immunoactinopathies are caused by a dysregulated actin cytoskeleton and affect hematopoietic cells especially because of their unique capacity to survey the body for invading pathogens and altered self, such as cancer cells. These cell motility and cell‐to‐cell interaction properties depend on the dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton. Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is the archetypical immunoactinopathy and the first described. WAS is caused by loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function mutations in the actin regulator WASp, uniquely expressed in hematopoietic cells. Mutations in WAS cause a profound disturbance of actin cytoskeleton regulation of hematopoietic cells. Studies during the last 10 years have shed light on the specific effects on different hematopoietic cells, revealing that they are not affected equally by mutations in the WAS gene. Moreover, the mechanistic understanding of how WASp controls nuclear and cytoplasmatic activities may help to find therapeutic alternatives according to the site of the mutation and clinical phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent findings that have added to the complexity and increased our understanding of WAS‐related diseases and immunoactinopathies.