bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low serum dehydroepiandrosterone levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Huang Yadi , Xu Ning , Feng Wenli , Qiao Jingting , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAimsThis cross‐sectional study assessed the association of serum dehydroepiandrosterone levels with the risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the association of dehydroepiandrosterone with diabetic retinopathy after adjusting for confounding factors. A restricted cubic spline was also used to model the association of serum dehydroepiandrosterone level with the risk of diabetic retinopathy and to describe the overall dose–response correlation. Additionally, an interaction test was conducted in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on diabetic retinopathy among age, sex, obesity status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glycosylated hemoglobin level subgroups.ResultsIn total, 1,519 patients were included in the final analysis. Low serum dehydroepiandrosterone was significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after adjustment for confounding factors (odds ratio [quartile 4 vs quartile 1]: 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.32–0.81; P = 0.012 for the trend). Additionally, the restricted cubic spline indicated that the odds of diabetic retinopathy decreased linearly as the dehydroepiandrosterone concentration increased (P‐overall = 0.044; P‐nonlinear = 0.364). Finally, the subgroup analyses showed that the dehydroepiandrosterone level stably affected diabetic retinopathy (all P for interaction >0.05).ConclusionsLow serum dehydroepiandrosterone levels were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that dehydroepiandrosterone contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird
Authors: Nafstad Ådne M. , Rønning Bernt , Aase Kenneth , Ringsby Thor Harald , Hagen Ingerid J. , Ranke Peter S. , Kvalnes Thomas , Stawski Clare , Räsänen Katja , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Muff Stefanie , Jensen Henrik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn organism's energy budget is strongly related to resource consumption, performance, and fitness. Hence, understanding the evolution of key energetic traits, such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), in natural populations is central for understanding life‐history evolution and ecological processes. Here we used quantitative genetic analyses to study evolutionary potential of BMR in two insular populations of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). We obtained measurements of BMR and body mass (Mb) from 911 house sparrows on the islands of Leka and Vega along the coast of Norway. These two populations were the source populations for translocations to create an additional third, admixed ‘common garden’ population in 2012. With the use of a novel genetic group animal model concomitant with a genetically determined pedigree, we differentiate genetic and environmental sources of variation, thereby providing insight into the effects of spatial population structure on evolutionary potential. We found that the evolutionary potential of BMR was similar in the two source populations, whereas the Vega population had a somewhat higher evolutionary potential ofMbthan the Leka population. BMR was genetically correlated withMbin both populations, and the conditional evolutionary potential of BMR (independent of body mass) was 41% (Leka) and 53% (Vega) lower than unconditional estimates. Overall, our results show that there is potential for BMR to evolve independently ofMb, but that selection on BMR and/orMbmay have different evolutionary consequences in different populations of the same species.
Effect of a combination of pemafibrate and a mild low‐carbohydrate diet on obese and non‐obese patients with metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Suzuki Yuichiro , Maekawa Shinya , Yamashita Kohji , Osawa Leona , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Nakakuki Natsuko , Takada Hitomi , Muraoka Masaru , Sato Mitsuaki , Takano Shinichi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Funayama Satoshi , Morisaka Hiroyuki , Onishi Hiroshi , Enomoto Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimRecently, pemafibrate and a low‐carbohydrate diet (LCD) have each been reported to improve fatty liver disease. However, it is unclear whether their combination improves fatty liver disease and is equally effective in obese and non‐obese patients.MethodsIn 38 metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) patients, classified by baseline body mass index (BMI), changes in laboratory values, magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and magnetic resonance imaging‐proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) were studied after 1 year of combined pemafibrate plus mild LCD.ResultsThe combination treatment resulted in weight loss (P = 0.002), improvement in hepatobiliary enzymes (γ‐glutamyl transferase, P = 0.027; aspartate aminotransferase, P < 0.001; alanine transaminase [ALT], P < 0.001), and improvement in liver fibrosis markers (FIB‐4 index, P = 0.032; 7 s domain of type IV collagen, P = 0.002; M2BPGi, P < 0.001). Vibration‐controlled transient elastography improved from 8.8 to 6.9 kPa (P < 0.001) and MRE improved from 3.1 to 2.8 kPa (P = 0.017) in the liver stiffness. MRI‐PDFF improved from 16.6% to 12.3% in liver steatosis (P = 0.007). In patients with a BMI of 25 or higher, improvements of ALT (r = 0.659, P < 0.001) and MRI‐PDFF (r = 0.784, P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with weight loss. However, in patients with a BMI below 25, the improvements of ALT or PDFF were not accompanied by weight loss.ConclusionsCombined treatment with pemafibrate and a low‐carbohydrate diet resulted in weight loss and improvements in ALT, MRE, and MRI‐PDFF in MAFLD patients. Although such improvements were associated with weight loss in obese patients, the improvements were observed irrespective of weight loss in non‐obese patients, indicating this combination can be effective both in obese and non‐obese MAFLD patients.
Nimodipine accelerates the restoration of functional hyperemia during spreading oligemia
Authors: Menyhárt Ákos , Bálint Armand Rafael , Kozák Péter , Bari Ferenc , Farkas Eszter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpreading depolarization (SD) is assumed to be the pathophysiological correlate of migraine aura, leading to spreading depression of activity and a long‐lasting vasoconstriction known as spreading oligemia. Furthermore, cerebrovascular reactivity is reversibly impaired after SD. Here, we explored the progressive restoration of impaired neurovascular coupling to somatosensory activation during spreading oligemia. Also, we evaluated whether nimodipine treatment accelerated the recovery of impaired neurovascular coupling after SD. Male, 4–9‐month‐old C57BL/6 mice (n = 11) were anesthetized with isoflurane (1%–1.5%), and SD was triggered with KCl through a burr hole made at the caudal parietal bone. EEG and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were recorded minimally invasively with a silver ball electrode and transcranial laser‐Doppler flowmetry, rostral to SD elicitation. The L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel blocker nimodipine was administered i.p. (10 mg/kg). Whisker stimulation‐related evoked potentials (EVPs) and functional hyperemia were assessed under isoflurane (0.1%)–medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) anesthesia before, and repeatedly after SD, at 15‐min intervals for 75 minutes. Nimodipine accelerated the recovery of CBF from spreading oligemia (time to full recovery, 52 ± 13 vs. 70 ± 8 min, nimodipine vs. control) and exhibited a tendency to shorten the duration of the SD‐related EGG depression duration. The amplitudes of EVP and functional hyperemia were markedly reduced after SD, and progressively recovered over an hour post‐SD. Nimodipine exerted no impact on EVP amplitude but consistently increased the absolute level of functional hyperemia from 20 min post‐CSD (93 ± 11% vs. 66 ± 13%, nimodipine vs. control). A linear, positive correlation between EVP and functional hyperemia amplitude was skewed by nimodipine. In conclusion, nimodipine facilitated CBF restoration from spreading oligemia and the recovery of functional hyperemia post‐SD, which were linked to a tendency of an accelerated return of spontaneous neural activity after SD. The use of nimodipine in migraine prophylaxis is suggested to be re‐visited.image
The social reproduction of natural resource extraction and gendered labour regimes in rural Turkey
Authors: Çelik Coşku 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, rural livelihood has been restructured dramatically in the Global South as a result of neoliberal transformations such as the removal of state subsidies for small‐scale farmers, privatization of agricultural state economic enterprises, rising control of global agribusiness firms on agricultural production, expropriation of rural commons and private farmland for mega‐investments in natural resources. Under the Justice and Development Party (AKP) governments, Turkey has been a prime example of these patterns of accumulation and dispossession. Additionally, the country has been facing coal rush policies of the AKP governments with the aim of utilizing domestic coal to overcome the problem of energy supply security. In this paper, I argue that rural change and patterns of proletarianization in the rural extractive regions are inherently gendered and women assume a central role in the production and social reproduction of the classes of extractive labour. Drawing on 3‐year research conducted in the Soma Coal Basin, Western Anatolia, Turkey, the paper examines the transformation of women's (i) petty commodity production as unpaid family farmers, (ii) agricultural wage work and (iii) reproductive work as miners' wives and subsistence farmers as a result of rising private sector coal investments since the mid‐2000s.
Improved cochlear implant electrode localization using coregistration of pre‐ and postoperative CT
Authors: Farnsworth Paul J. , Benson John C. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Carlson Matthew L. , Larson Nicholas B. , Lane John I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeArtifact from cochlear implant electrodes degrades image resolution on CT. Here, we describe the use of coregistered pre‐ and postoperative CT images to reduce metallic artifact from the electrodes to assess its position more accurately within the cochlear lumen.MethodsPre‐ and postoperative CTs were reviewed after coregistration/overlay of both exams. Images were evaluated by two neuroradiologists for scalar location of electrodes tip (± scalar translocation), tip fold over, and angular depth of insertion.ResultsThirty‐four patients were included in the final cohort. Transscalar migration was present in three (8.8%) cases (one case demonstrated tip fold over), with initial disagreement regarding transscalar migration in 1 out of 34 patients (2.9%). Agreement regarding depth of insertion was present in 31 (91.1%) cases. Five‐point Likert scales were used to compare the ability to resolve the proximity of electrodes to the lateral/outer cochlear wall without and with overlay, which is a qualitative measure of artifact from the array. Likert scores showed definitive benefit of metal artifact reduction using overlayed images with an average score of 4.34.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a novel technique of using fused coregistration of pre‐ and postoperative CTs for the purpose of artifact reduction/electrode localization. It is anticipated that this technique will permit more accurate localization of the electrodes for improvement in surgical technique and electrode array design.
Point‐of‐care Analysis for Non‐invasive Diagnosis of Oral cancer (PANDORA): A technology‐development proof of concept diagnostic accuracy study of dielectrophoresis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia
Authors: Hughes Michael P. , Labeed Fatima H. , Hoettges Kai F. , Porter Stephen , Mercadante Valeria , Kalavrezos Nicholas , Liew Colin , McCaul James A. , Kulkarni Raghav , Cymerman James , Kerawala Cyrus , Barber Julie , Lewis Mark P. , Fedele Stefano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelays in the identification and referral of oral cancer remain frequent. An accurate and non‐invasive diagnostic test to be performed in primary care may help identifying oral cancer at an early stage and reduce mortality. Point‐of‐care Analysis for Non‐invasive Diagnosis of Oral cancer (PANDORA) was a proof‐of‐concept prospective diagnostic accuracy study aimed at advancing the development of a dielectrophoresis‐based diagnostic platform for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and epithelial dysplasia (OED) using a novel automated DEPtech 3DEP analyser.MethodsThe aim of PANDORA was to identify the set‐up of the DEPtech 3DEP analyser associated with the highest diagnostic accuracy in identifying OSCC and OED from non‐invasive brush biopsy samples, as compared to the gold standard test (histopathology). Measures of accuracy included sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. Brush biopsies were collected from individuals with histologically proven OSCC and OED, histologically proven benign mucosal disease, and healthy mucosa (standard test), and analysed via dielectrophoresis (index test).Results40 individuals with OSCC/OED and 79 with benign oral mucosal disease/healthy mucosa were recruited. Sensitivity and specificity of the index test was 86.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.9%–95.6%) and 83.6% (95% CI, 73.0%–91.2%). Analysing OSCC samples separately led to higher diagnostic accuracy, with 92.0% (95% CI, 74.0%–99.0%) sensitivity and 94.5% (95% CI, 86.6%–98.5%) specificity.ConclusionThe DEPtech 3DEP analyser has the potential to identify OSCC and OED with notable diagnostic accuracy and warrants further investigation as a potential triage test in the primary care setting for patients who may need to progress along the diagnostic pathway and be offered a surgical biopsy.
In or out of sync? Concordance between parent and adolescent sleep varies by family context
Authors: Sasser Jeri , Oshri Assaf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEvidence suggests significant interrelations among parent and adolescent sleep (i.e., concordance). However, less is known regarding how parent–adolescent sleep concordance varies as a function of the family context. This study examined daily and average concordance between parent and adolescent sleep and explored adverse parenting and family functioning (e.g., cohesion, flexibility) as potential moderators. One hundred and twenty‐four adolescents (Mage = 12.90) and their parents (93% mothers) wore actigraphy watches assessing sleep duration, efficiency, and midpoint across 1 week. Multilevel models indicated daily (within‐family) concordance between parent and adolescent sleep duration and midpoint. Average (between‐family) concordance was found for sleep midpoint only. Family flexibility was linked with greater daily concordance in sleep duration and midpoint, whereas adverse parenting predicted discordance in average sleep duration and efficiency.
Dimensions of social trust and national identity: Addressing a multifaceted relationship
Authors: Wamsler Steffen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial trust is crucial for the functioning of societies and states as well as for the wellbeing of individuals. In this article, I expand on previous literature and scrutinise the role of definitions of group membership in the form of national belonging as a key predictor of three distinct dimensions of social trust: particularised trust, trust in strangers and identity‐based trust. Drawing on recent data from the European Values Study, I find that stronger ethnic conceptions of nationhood are related to higher identity‐based trust, whereas the reverse holds for trust in strangers. The latter relationship, however, must be qualified regarding majority conceptions at the respective national level. Results for particularised trust, however, point towards a more complex relationship than outlined in the theoretical expectations. Thus, this article contributes to extant literature by presenting a comprehensive argument linking all three dimensions to conceptions of nationhood challenging simplified notions of generalised trust. Further, I go beyond extant studies by combining conceptions of nationhood at the individual level with several country‐level variables to demonstrate the robustness of the results.
A partner's smile is not per se a safety signal: Psychophysiological response patterns to instructed threat and safety
Authors: Morato Cristina , Guerra Pedro , Bublatzky Florian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent studies on fear conditioning and pain perception suggest that pictures of loved ones (e.g., a romantic partner) may serve as a prepared safety cue that is less likely to signal aversive events. Challenging this view, we examined whether pictures of smiling or angry loved ones are better safety or threat cues. To this end, 47 healthy participants were verbally instructed that specific facial expressions (e.g., happy faces) cue threat of electric shocks and others cue safety (e.g., angry faces). When facial images served as threat cues, they elicited distinct psychophysiological defensive responses (e.g., increased threat ratings, startle reflex, and skin conductance responses) compared to viewing safety cues. Interestingly, instructed threat effects occurred regardless of the person who cued shock threat (partner vs. unknown) and their facial expression (happy vs. angry). Taken together, these results demonstrate the flexible nature of facial information (i.e., facial expression and facial identity) to be easily learned as signals for threat or safety, even when showing loved ones.
‘I was Born in One City, but Raised in Another’: Aretino's Perugian Apprenticeship
Authors: Rossiter William T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccording to his apocrypha, Aretino was forced to flee his hometown of Arezzo after penning some anti‐papal verses. Similarly, it is claimed that he fled Perugia ten years later after painting a lute into the hands of a depiction of the Maddalena, which stood in one of the town's piazze. Neither anecdote is true, but they point to Aretino's early reputation for both poetry and painting. In 1512, the Opera nova del fecondissimo giovene Pietro pictore Arretino was published in Venice. It was the first work by Aretino to appear in print, and the fruit of the formative time he spent in Perugia, where he was part of an urban circle of poets, artists and scholars. It was a circle and a metropolitan environment he sought to recreate in Rome and Venice. This article draws together Aretino's letters to his lifelong Perugian friends and the poems in the 1512 volume in order to examine the correspondence between their rhetorical and discursive modes. This examination shows that Perugia was the crucible of Aretino's self‐fashioning. It was in Perugia that Aretino became a poet. Where also, it would appear, he almost became a painter (pictore); a training that would equip him to become one of the most significant writers on art of the sixteenth century. The Opera nova shows Aretino mastering the vernacular poetic traditions available to him before, ultimately, rejecting them all in favour of himself. Perugia was the city where, with a little help from his friends, Aretino became Aretino.
Poly(A) polymerase 1 contributes to competence acquisition of pollen tubes growing through the style inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ramming Anna , Kappel Christian , Kanaoka Masahiro M. , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Lenhard Michael 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYPolyadenylation of mRNAs is critical for their export from the nucleus, stability, and efficient translation. TheArabidopsis thalianagenome encodes three isoforms of canonical nuclear poly(A) polymerase (PAPS) that redundantly polyadenylate the bulk of pre‐mRNAs. However, previous studies have indicated that subsets of pre‐mRNAs are preferentially polyadenylated by either PAPS1 or the other two isoforms. Such functional specialization raises the possibility of an additional level of gene‐expression control in plants. Here we test this notion by studying the function of PAPS1 in pollen‐tube growth and guidance. Pollen tubes growing through female tissue acquire the competence to find ovules efficiently and upregulatePAPS1expression at the transcriptional, but not detectably at the protein level compared within vitrogrown pollen tubes. Using the temperature‐sensitivepaps1‐1allele we show that PAPS1 activity during pollen‐tube growth is required for full acquisition of competence, resulting in inefficient fertilization bypaps1‐1mutant pollen tubes. While these mutant pollen tubes grow almost at the wild‐type rate, they are compromised in locating the micropyles of ovules. Previously identified competence‐associated genes are less expressed inpaps1‐1mutant than in wild‐type pollen tubes. Estimating the poly(A) tail lengths of transcripts suggests that polyadenylation by PAPS1 is associated with reduced transcript abundance. Our results therefore suggest that PAPS1 plays a key role in the acquisition of competence and underline the importance of functional specialization between PAPS isoforms throughout different developmental stages.
Arthroscopic‐assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
Authors: Espinel Rupérez Jorge , Serrano Crehuet Tomas , Hoey Seamus , Arthurs Gareth I. , Mullins Ronan A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe arthroscopic‐assisted hip toggle stabilization (AA‐HTS) in cats, evaluate its feasibility and associated rate of iatrogenic injury, and assess deviations from planned surgical technique.Study designEx vivo study.AnimalsSkeletally mature cat cadavers (n = 7).MethodsPreoperative pelvic computed tomography (CT) was performed for surgical planning and to identify the ideal femoral bone tunnel projection. Ultrasound‐guided transection of ligament of head of femur was performed. Following exploratory arthroscopy, AA‐HTS was performed using a commercially available aiming device. Surgical time, intraoperative complications, and feasibility of technique were recorded. Iatrogenic injury and technique deviations were assessed by postoperative CT and gross dissection.ResultsDiagnostic arthroscopy and AA‐HTS were successfully performed in all 14 joints. Median (range) surgical time was 46.5 (29‐144) min, including 7 (3‐12) min for diagnostic arthroscopy and 40 (26‐134) min for AA‐HTS. Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 hips, related to bone tunnel creation (4) and toggle dislodgment (1). Toggle passage through the femoral tunnel was the most challenging component of technique, recorded as mildly difficult in 6 joints. No damage to periarticular/intrapelvic structures was identified. Minor articular cartilage damage (<10% total cartilage area) was identified in 10 joints. Thirteen deviations (8 major, 5 minor) in surgical technique from preoperative planning were identified in 7 joints.ConclusionIn feline cadavers AA‐HTS was feasible but was associated with a high rate of minor cartilage injury, intraoperative complications, and technique deviations.Clinical significanceHip toggle stabilization using an arthroscopic‐assisted approach may be an effective technique for management of coxofemoral luxation in cats.