bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of and future prospects for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Naito Yoichi , Nishida Toshirou , Doi Toshihiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgery is the standard treatment for localised disease, but the risk of relapse and progression to more advanced disease is substantial. Following the discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying GISTs, targeted therapies for advanced GIST were developed, with the first being the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib. Imatinib is recommended in international guidelines as first-line therapy to reduce the risk of GIST relapse in high-risk patients, and for locally advanced, inoperable and metastatic disease. Unfortunately, imatinib resistance frequently occurs and, therefore, second-line (sunitinib) and third-line (regorafenib) TKIs have been developed. Treatment options are limited for patients with GIST that has progressed despite these therapies. A number of other TKIs for advanced/metastatic GIST have been approved in some countries. Ripretinib is approved as fourth-line treatment of GIST and avapritinib is approved for GIST harbouring specific genetic mutations, while larotrectinib and entrectinib are approved for solid tumours (including GIST) with specific genetic mutations. In Japan, pimitespib, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, is now available as a fourth-line therapy for GIST. Clinical studies of pimitespib have indicated that it has good efficacy and tolerability, importantly not displaying the ocular toxicity of previously developed HSP90 inhibitors. Additional approaches for advanced GIST have been investigated, including alternative uses of currently available TKIs (such as combination therapy), novel TKIs, antibody–drug conjugates, and immunotherapies. Given the poor prognosis of advanced GIST, the development of new therapies remains an important goal.
MiR-124-3p inhibits tumor progression in prostate cancer by targeting EZH2
Authors: Song Bao-feng , Xu Li-zhe , Jiang Kun , Cheng Fan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is widespread cancer with significant morbidity and mortality rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as important post-transcriptional modulators in various malignancies. This study investigated the miR-124-3p effect on PCa cell proliferation, infiltration, and apoptosis. EZH2 and miR-124-3p expression levels were measured in PCa tissues. PCa cell lines DU145 and PC3 were transfected with miR-124-3p inhibitors or analogs. EZH2 and miR-124-3p linkage was validated by conducting the luciferase enzyme reporter test. The cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry and MTT test. Cell movement was noted during infiltration using transwell assays. EZH2, AKT, and mTOR contents were assessed using qRT-PCR and western blotting. In clinical PCa specimens, miR-124-3p and EZH2 contents were inversely correlated. Further research has demonstrated that EZH2 is the miR-124-3p direct target. Furthermore, miR-124-3p overexpression reduced EZH2 levels and lowered cell viability, infiltration, and promoted cell death, whereas miR-124-3p silencing had the opposite effect. Overexpression of miR-124-3p decreased the phosphorylation level of AKT and mTOR, whereas miR-124-3p downregulation produced the opposite result. Our findings depict that miR-124-3p prevents PCa proliferative and invasive processes while promoting apoptosis by targeting EZH2.
The incidence of malignancy in the residual rectum of IBD patients after colectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Georganta I. , McIntosh S. , Boldovjakova D. , Parnaby C. N. , Watson A. J. M. , Ramsay G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who have had a total colectomy remain with their rectum in situ, and are therefore at risk of rectal carcinoma. It is not clear how high the incidence of rectal cancer is in this cohort. The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the incidence of rectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease who have undergone colectomy but have a residual rectum, and to identify the risk factors for its development. In doing so, we explore the current recommendations for screening processes for these patients.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed. Five databases (Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Scopus) were searched from inception to 29 October 2021, to identify studies adhering to the population, intervention, control and outcomes (PICO) criteria. The included studies were critically appraised, and the relevant data was extracted. Cancer incidence was estimated from the reported information. Risk stratification was analysed using RevMan. A narrative approach was undertaken for the exploration of the existing screening guidelines.

Results
Data from 23 of the 24 identified studies was suitable for analysis. The pooled incidence of rectal carcinoma was calculated to be 1.3%. Subgroup analysis showed an incidence of 0.7% and 3.2% for patients with a de-functioned rectal stump and ileorectal anastomosis, respectively. Patients with a history of a colorectal carcinoma were more likely to have a subsequent diagnosis of rectal carcinoma (RR 7.2, 95% CI 2.4–21.1). Patients with previous colorectal dysplasia were also at higher risk (RR 5.1, 95% CI 3.1–8.2). No universal standardised guidance regarding screening for this cohort could be identified in the available literature.

Conclusions
The overall risk of malignancy was estimated to be 1.3%, which is lower than previously reported. There is a need for clear and standardised screening guidance for this group of patients.
Clinical characteristics of phenotypes of fecal incontinence
Authors: Knol M. E. , Bastiaannet E. , DeRuiter M. C. , Snijders H. S. , van der Heyden J. T. M. , Baeten C. I. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Fecal incontinence (FI) is common, but its etiology is complex with large knowledge gaps. Several phenotypes of FI are known, but the phenotype is often not decisive in the chosen therapy. In this study we aimed to assess the association of the clinical characteristics of patients with FI and the various phenotypes, in order to establish a targeted clinical treatment decision tree.

Methods
We retrospectively studied the charts of patients with FI, who visited our institute from January 2018 until December 2020. Patients were divided into the following groups: passive fecal loss, urge incontinence, combined fecal incontinence with predominantly passive fecal loss, and combined fecal incontinence with predominantly urge incontinence. We compared the characteristics between the passive and urge incontinence groups, the passive and combined mainly passive groups, and the urge and combined mainly urge groups.

Results
Patients with passive incintinence were older, more often had a flaccid anus with presence of a mucosal prolapse, and had a lower resting pressure on anorectal manometry. Patients with urge incontinence were younger and more often had a history of birth trauma. The combined groups showed characteristics of both of the main types of FI.

Conclusion
Differentiating into phenotypes of FI can be clinically meaningful. The patient history and clinical judgement of the consulting specialist, rather than the physical characteristics, seem to be decisive in the categorization. Additional diagnostic testing can be helpful in complicated cases, but should not be used routinely.
Natural nutraceuticals for enhancing yogurt properties: a review
Authors: Rashwan Ahmed K. , Osman Ahmed I. , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractYogurt is a major fermented milk product providing probiotics, lactic acid bacteria, vitamins, calcium, and proteins, yet health-beneficial phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and iron are absent in plain yogurt. These compounds could provide antidiabetic, antiobesity, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Here, we review the effect of adding natural functional ingredients in dairy and non-dairy yogurts, with focus on the properties and biological activity of functional yogurts. Properties include color, pH, acidity, water-holding capacity, syneresis, viscosity, structure, fats, microbiology, and flavor. Biological activities comprise antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antibacterial, and anticancer. We found that yogurt from plant-based milk, such as common bean and soy milk, and the addition of functional ingredients, enhanced biological activities of yogurts and improved properties. Functional ingredients provide polysaccharides, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and amino acids. Functional ingredients are both natural stabilizers and texturizing materials. The incorporation of functional ingredients improved the contents of phenolics and flavonoids by 96.52 and 97.72%, respectively, increased water-holding capacity by 20–25%, and improved the number of viable cells of lactic acid bacteria. Incorporation reduced syneresis by 15–32% and decreased the loss of fat globules. Moreover, apparent viscosity, texture, microstructure, and sensory properties were enhanced. Biological activities strongly increased, especially antioxidants, which increased from 4.88 to 15.03 mg trolox equivalent per 100 g of yogurt.
Decrease of visits and hospital admissions for cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Angelini Marco , Teglia Federica , Casolari Giulia , Astolfi Laura , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many nonurgent oncologic services were postponed. The aim of the present study was to estimate the impact of the pandemic on visits and hospital admissions for cancer patients worldwide.

Methods
In our systematic review and meta-analysis, databases such as Pubmed, Proquest, and Scopus were searched comprehensively for articles published between January 1, 2020, and December 12, 2021. We included articles reporting data comparing the number of visits and hospital admissions for oncologic patients performed before and during the pandemic. Two pairs of independent reviewers extracted data from the selected studies. The weighted average of the percentage change was calculated and compared between pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. Stratified analysis was performed by geographic area, time interval, and study setting.

Findings
We found a mean relative change throughout January–October 2020 of –37.8% (95% CI –42.6; –32.9) and –26.3% (95% CI –31.4; –21.1) compared to pre-pandemic periods for oncologic visits and hospital admission, respectively. The temporal trend showed a U-shaped curve with nadir in April for cancer visits and in May 2020 for hospital admissions. All geographic areas showed a similar pattern and the same was observed when stratifying the studies as clinic-based and population-based.

Interpretation
Our results showed a decrease in the number of visits and hospital admission during the January–October 2020 period after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The postponement or cancellation of these oncologic services may negatively affect the patient’s outcome and the future burden of disease.
The Influence of Minor Aortic Branches in Patient-Specific Flow Simulations of Type-B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Stokes C. , Haupt F. , Becker D. , Muthurangu V. , von Tengg-Kobligk H. , Balabani S. , Díaz-Zuccarini V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractType-B aortic dissection (TBAD) is a disease in which a tear develops in the intimal layer of the descending aorta forming a true lumen and false lumen (FL). Because disease outcomes are thought to be influenced by haemodynamic quantities such as pressure and wall shear stress (WSS), their analysisvianumerical simulations may provide valuable clinical insights. Major aortic branches are routinely included in simulations but minor branches are virtually always neglected, despite being implicated in TBAD progression and the development of complications. As minor branches are estimated to carry about 7–21% of cardiac output, neglecting them may affect simulation accuracy. We present the first simulation of TBAD with all pairs of intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries, using 4D-flow MRI (4DMR) to inform patient-specific boundary conditions. Compared to an equivalent case without minor branches, their inclusion improved agreement with 4DMR velocities, reduced time-averaged WSS (TAWSS) and transmural pressure and elevated oscillatory shear in regions where FL dilatation and calcification were observedin vivo. Minor branch inclusion resulted in differences of 60-75% in these metrics of potential clinical relevance, indicating a need to account for minor branch flow loss if simulation accuracy is sought.
Quantifying over information change with common knowledge
Authors: Ågotnes Thomas , Galimullin Rustam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPublic announcement logic (PAL) extends multi-agent epistemic logic with dynamic operators modelling the effects of public communication. Allowing quantification over public announcements lets us reason about theexistenceof an announcement that reaches a certain epistemic goal. Two notable examples of logics of quantified announcements are arbitrary public announcement logic (APAL) and group announcement logic (GAL). While the notion of common knowledge plays an important role in PAL, and in particular in characterisations of epistemic states that an agent or a group of agents might make come about by performing public announcements, extensions of APAL and GAL with common knowledge still haven’t been studied in detail. That is what we do in this paper. In particular, we consider both conservative extensions, where the semantics of the quantifiers is not changed, as well as extensions where the scope of quantification also includes common knowledge formulas. We compare the expressivity of these extensions relative to each other and other connected logics, and provide sound and complete axiomatisations. Finally, we show how the completeness results can be used for other logics with quantification over information change.
Intelligent energy management systems: a review
Authors: Mischos Stavros , Dalagdi Eleanna , Vrakas Dimitrios 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change has become a major problem for humanity in the last two decades. One of the reasons that caused it, is our daily energy waste. People consume electricity in order to use home/work appliances and devices and also reach certain levels of comfort while working or being at home. However, even though the environmental impact of this behavior is not immediately observed, it leads to increased CO2 emissions coming from energy generation from power plants. It has been shown that about 40% of these emissions come from the electricity consumption and also that about 20% of this percentage could have been saved if we started using energy more efficiently. Confronting such a problem efficiently will affect both the environment and our society. Monitoring energy consumption in real-time, changing energy wastage behavior of occupants and using automations with incorporated energy savings scenarios, are ways to decrease global energy footprint. In this review, we study intelligent systems for energy management in residential, commercial and educational buildings, classifying them in two major categories depending on whether they provide direct or indirect control. The article also discusses what the strengths and weaknesses are, which optimization techniques do they use and finally, provide insights about how these systems can be improved in the future.
A valuation of a corn ethanol plant through a compound options model under skew-Brownian motions
Authors: Biancardi Marta , Bufalo Michele , Di Bari Antonio , Villani Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the last decades, the production of fuel ethanol from corn has spread as a valid renewable alternative to pursue sustainability goals. However the uncertain nature of both input (corn) and output (gasoline) prices, together with price dependent operational decisions, combine to make this difficult plant valuation require a real options approach. Moreover, this project is characterized by various sequential stages that contribute to increase its valuation difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reliable valuation methodology of a corn ethanol plant project able to consider the characteristics of the project. We apply the compound Real Options Approach to price a corn ethanol plant project considering that the corn and gasoline prices both follow a skew-geometric Brownian motion. We also propose a case study to show a real implementation of our theoretical model. The results show that the corn ethanol plant is financially attractive as renewable investment since the uncertainties inherent in the project add value, via managerial flexibility, to the real option valuation.
Consistency of Violence: Implications for Effective Inpatient Psychiatric Care
Authors: McIvor Lucy , Payne-Gill James , Winter Helen , Pollard Clair , Beck Alison 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInstances of violence and aggression in acute psychiatric settings are common and highly distressing for service users and staff. They also incur financial costs. This study aimed to identify the proportion of service users at risk of consistent violence/aggression enactment. It also aimed to analyse associated service use to explore the potential need for specialised, targeted approaches. Five years’ worth of data were extracted from 2016 to 2020 on inpatient stays across South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) acute adult wards and Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). Service users were divided into cohorts based on relative number of violent/agressive incidents enacted. Differences in frequency of acute service use during the period 1st January-31st December 2020 were analysed. In total, 2524 service users had at least one inpatient stay during 2020. 679 were recorded as having enacted at least one incident of violence or aggression. Just 4% of all service users accounted for 50% of all violence/aggression enactment. Results further showed strong evidence of group differences between violence cohorts in the following domains: internal transfers, occupied bed days, admissions and Place of Safety (PoS) referrals. There was weaker evidence for group differences in referrals to Home Treatment teams (HTTs) and Psychiatric Liaison Teams. A small proportion of service users disproportionately account for the majority of violent and aggressive incidents and higher levels of violence and aggression are associated with more acute service use. The provision of targeted, personalised interventions for this cohort may reduce the enactment of violence and aggression, leading to improved quality life and a reduction in financial expenditure.
Sea transfer and net pen cleaning induce changes in stress-related gene expression in commercial Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gill tissue
Authors: Hoem Kine Samset , Tveten Ann-Kristin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStress is a major concern in aquaculture production and more knowledge is needed on physiological responses towards different operational events. Few studies have been performed on fish reared in an actual commercial setting. Transferring salmon from hatchery to sea involves handling, crowding, pumping, transport as well as adjusting to a new environment. This case study investigates the relative expression of selected stress related-genes in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts that were relocated from land-based breeding tanks with few environmental stressors to sea phase with numerous environmental stressors and major management operations e.g. net pen cleaning. Gill tissue for analysis (n = 60) was harvested at four distinct time points: before, during, and 3 and 6 weeks after sea transfer. RT-qPCR was performed on a panel of 12 genes involved in different cellular pathways (alox5, cyp1α, hif1α, il4/13a, muc2, muc5, muc18, nrf2, pcna, phb, p38 and tnfα). While the transport process itself did not appear to induce notable stress levels, metabolic gene markers showed significant changes in expression after transfer to sea, implying cellular adaptations to sea phase. The occurrence of net pen cleaning induced a strong upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (alox5, tnfα) and mucins (muc2, muc5 and muc18), suggesting their gene products to be relevant during this operational event. As p38 expression was significantly elevated during transport and after cage cleaning, we cautiously propose p38 as an interesting stress marker for future exploration. The study provides insight into the lives of farmed Atlantic salmon and demonstrates that timing of major operations is crucial to avoid accumulation of stress.
Visuo-haptic object perception for robots: an overview
Authors: Navarro-Guerrero Nicolás , Toprak Sibel , Josifovski Josip , Jamone Lorenzo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe object perception capabilities of humans are impressive, and this becomes even more evident when trying to develop solutions with a similar proficiency in autonomous robots. While there have been notable advancements in the technologies for artificial vision and touch, the effective integration of these two sensory modalities in robotic applications still needs to be improved, and several open challenges exist. Taking inspiration from how humans combine visual and haptic perception to perceive object properties and drive the execution of manual tasks, this article summarises the current state of the art of visuo-haptic object perception in robots. Firstly, the biological basis of human multimodal object perception is outlined. Then, the latest advances in sensing technologies and data collection strategies for robots are discussed. Next, an overview of the main computational techniques is presented, highlighting the main challenges of multimodal machine learning and presenting a few representative articles in the areas of robotic object recognition, peripersonal space representation and manipulation. Finally, informed by the latest advancements and open challenges, this article outlines promising new research directions.
Why Philosophy Makes No Progress
Authors: Dietrich Eric 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper offers an explanation for why some parts of philosophy have made no progress. Philosophy has made no progress because it cannot make progress. And it cannot because of the nature of the phenomena philosophy is tasked with explaining—all of it involves consciousness. Here, it will not be argued directly that consciousness is intractable. Rather, it will be shown that a specific version of the problem of consciousness is unsolvable. This version is the Problem of the Subjective and Objective. Then it is argued that the unsolvability of this latter problem is why there are other unsolvable philosophy problems.