bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blocking Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channel TREK-1 Inhibits the Activation of A1-Like Reactive Astrocyte Through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Cong Ting , Sun Ye , Zhou Yitong , Wu Haikuo , Li Liya , Chu Zhenchen , Chen Xue , Li Jinying , Zhao Danmei , Wang Yanfang , Liu Yingxin , Yin Shengming , Xiao Zhaoyang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) refers to a widespread psychiatric disorder. Astrocytes play a pivotal role in regulating inflammation which is a well-acknowledged key component in depression pathogenesis. However, the effects of the neuroinflammation-inducing A1-like astrocytes on MDD are still unknown. TWIK-related K+ channel 1 (TREK-1) has been demonstrated to regulate the action of antidepressants. Nevertheless, its mechanisms and effects on A1-like astrocyte stimulation in MDD are not clear. Therefore, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments using TREK-1 specific inhibitor spadin. In vivo, rats were subjected to a 6-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) followed by spadin treatment. Behavioral tests were employed to surveil depressive-like behaviors. Hippocampal proteomic analysis was carried out with the purpose of identifying differentially expressed proteins after CUMS and spadin treatments. In vitro, astrocyte-conditioned medium and spadin were used to treat rat astrocyte cell line. The activated microglia, inflammatory factors, A1 astrocyte markers, and activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were later analyzed using immunofluorescence, western blot, and RT-qPCR. Our findings indicated that blockage of TREK-1 reduced CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior in rats, inhibited the microglial stimulation, reduced inflammatory factor levels, and suppressed the activation of A1-like reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus. We also verified that the suppression of A1-like astrocytes by spadin necessitated the NF-κB pathway. According to the findings, blocking TREK-1 inhibited the activation of A1-like reactive astrocytes via the NF-κB signaling pathway in MDD. Our study preliminarily identifies a novel antidepressant mechanism of TREK-1 action and provides a therapeutic path for MDD.
The Inferential Meaning of Controversial Terms: The Case of “Terrorism”
Authors: Gascón José Ángel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe international community has not been able to agree on a definition of “terrorism,” which has been a controversial term for decades. In order to understand the controversy, here the meaning of “terrorism” is analysed by means of the inferentialist framework developed by Robert Brandom. It will be shown that there is wide agreement about (at least some of) the consequences of application of the term, whereas the conditions of application are precisely what is at issue. Three consequences of application will be distinguished: epistemic, evaluative, and programmatic. Evaluative and programmatic consequences of application of the term “terrorism” are widespread and very serious, even in the absence of a precise definition, and that explains why the conditions of application are a controversial matter. In the end, the controversy is best understood as a clash of interests regarding when the consequences of the term should apply.
Jamming-aware optimization for UAV trajectory design and internet of things devices clustering
Authors: Almasoud Abdullah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRadio jamming represents a serious threat in wireless networks that can cause denial of service (DoS) attacks for the network users. The jammer transmits jamming signals to disrupt the normal operation of the wireless networks. With proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based wireless networks and Internet of Things technologies, jamming attacks have become a major challenge to the practical adoption of these technologies. In this paper, we investigate the problem of optimizing the performance of the UAV data collection from ground IoT devices in presence of a malicious jammer. The IoT devices are clustered, and the UAV collects the data from the cluster heads (CHs) such that the harmful effect of the jammer is mitigated. The objective is to minimize the flight time of the UAV while collecting the data from the ground IoT devices in presence of the jamming attack. We modeled our problem mathematically as an integer linear program (ILP). Due to the difficulty of solving the optimization problem when the scale of the problem is large, we proposed Jamming-Aware UAV Routing and IoT Devices Clustering Algorithm (JA-RC). This algorithm is Genetic-based and can solve the original optimization problem in a more efficient way. Then, we investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm under different settings and scenarios.
Quantification of the Kinetic Energy Conversion to Temperature Increase in Metal-on-Metal Impacts up to Hypervelocity Conditions by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Signetti S. , Heine A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe dynamic impact loading of metals goes along with energy conversion from kinetic energy to internal energy and, ultimately, temperature increase. The fraction of the kinetic energy partitioned into heating is strongly dependent on the impact velocity. Limiting cases are already well characterized, both experimentally and numerically. At low velocities, plastic work is the main source of internal energy increase and contributes to approximately 100% to material heating. Toward high velocities, approaching a hydrodynamic-like condition but still below the threshold for material melting or vaporization, about 50% of the kinetic energy is converted to internal energy. The current work addresses the intermediate regime of mixed phenomenology, where analytical descriptions are hardly feasible and typical simulation methods of impact engineering, namely hydrocodes, fail to make reliable numerical predictions. For this purpose, we here alternatively apply molecular dynamics simulations at the nanometer scale, taking iron as exemplary test case. The results complement early findings by extending them to a broader range of validity.
Can We Talk About Pay Discrimination/Equal Pay/Strategic Compensation Practices? An Exploratory Study on Framing Gender Pay Inequity
Authors: Raile Amber N. W. , Austin Caroline Graham , Bratton Virginia K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSituated within the public will and political will framework, this paper explores frames to address the social issue of gender pay inequity. Specifically, the authors examine whether demographic characteristics affect perceived acceptability of different frames describing gender pay inequity and perceptions of this social issue. First, the authors identified 26 terms used to discuss gender pay inequity; this list was narrowed to 12, representing four categories. Next, the authors solicited sentiment reactions to those frames and perceptions of gender pay inequity. Taken together, the results indicated that although respondents had consistently positive reactions to the frames fair pay, equal pay, and pay fairness, perceptions varied across demographic groups. The biggest effects were consistently for political party-related variables. One frame, strategic compensation practices, emerged as a value-neutral frame that could potentially be used to reframe the issue and re-engage business and political stakeholders who do not perceive gender pay inequity as problematic.
Clostridioides difficile colonization and the frequency of subsequent treatment for C. difficile infection in critically ill patients
Authors: MacKenzie Erica L. , Murillo Cynthia , Bartlett Allison H. , Marrs Rachel , Landon Emily M. , Ridgway Jessica P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:To determine risk factors for Clostridioides difficile colonization and C. difficile infection (CDI) among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).Design:Retrospective observational cohort study.Setting:Tertiary-care facility.Patients:All adult patients admitted to an ICU from July 1, 2015, to November 6, 2019, who were tested for C. difficile colonization. Patients with CDI were excluded.Methods:Information was collected on patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and prescriptions. We defined C. difficile colonization as a positive nucleic acid amplification test for C. difficile up to 48 hours before or 24 hours after intensive care unit (ICU) admission without evidence of active infection. We defined active infection as the receipt of an antibiotic whose only indication is the treatment of CDI. The primary outcome measure was the development of CDI up to 30 days after ICU admission. Logistic regression was used to model associations between clinical variables and the development of CDI.Results:The overall C. difficile colonization rate was 4% and the overall CDI rate was 2%. Risk factors for the development of CDI included C. difficile colonization (aOR, 13.3; 95% CI, 8.3–21.3; P < .0001), increased ICU length of stay (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03–1.05; P < .0001), and a history of inflammatory bowel disease (aOR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.3–11.1; P = .02). Receipt of any antibiotic during the ICU stay was associated with a borderline increased odds of CDI (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0–3.4; P = .05).Conclusion:C. difficile colonization is associated with the development of CDI among ICU patients.
First report of eprinomectin-resistant isolates ofHaemonchus contortusin 5 dairy sheep farms from thePyrénées Atlantiques départementin France
Authors: Jouffroy S. , Bordes L. , Grisez C. , Sutra J. F. , Cazajous T. , Lafon J. , Dumont N. , Chastel M. , Vial-Novella C. , Achard D. , Karembe H. , Devaux M. , Abbadie M. , Delmas C. , Lespine A. , Jacquiet P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInfection of sheep by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in pastoral systems such as those found in the South Western area of France, thePyrénées Atlantiques, is one of the main reasons for economic loss and degradation of their welfare. In the present study, the efficacy of eprinomectin (EPN) was monitored on farms from this area following suspicion of lack of anthelmintic efficacy. Suspicions were raised by veterinarians, based on clinical signs ranging from milk and body condition loss, to anaemia, and mortality. Resistance was evaluated according to the World Association for the Advancement for Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines using fecal egg count reduction tests reinforced by individual analysis of drug concentration in the serum of all treated ewes by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). EPN was administered by subcutaneous (SC) and topical (T) route according to manufacturer's requirements, as well as by the oral route (O) with the topical solution according to off-labelled practices in the field. For the first time in France, the presence of resistant isolates ofHaemonchus contortusto EPN was observed in 5 dairy sheep farms. The HPLC dosages showed exposure of worms to concentrations compatible with anthelmintic activity for animals treated by the SC and O routes. By contrast, they showed under exposure to the drug of most individuals treated by the T route. EPN is the only null milk withdrawal anthelmintic molecule currently available. The presence of resistant isolates of the pathogenicH. contortusto EPN in this important dairy region requires an urgent change in grazing, and sometimes production, systems.
Cold Gas in Outflow: Evidence for Delayed Positive AGN Feedback
Authors: Qiu Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiphase outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) have a profound impact on the evolution of their host galaxies. The effects of AGN feedback are especially prominent in the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) of cool-core clusters, where there is a concentration of gas in all phases, ranging from cold molecular gas to hot, >107 K ionized plasma. In this proceeding I describe recent simulation efforts to understand the formation and evolution of the 10-kpc-scale Hα-emitting filaments driven by AGN activities. Combined with observed star formation regions co-spatial with the filaments, this feedback mechanism can directly contribute to the growth of the central galaxy, albeit delayed by the characteristic radiative cooling timescale, ∼10 Myr, of the outflowing plasma.
Absorption spectra from galactic wind models: a framework to link PLUTO simulations to TRIDENT
Authors: Casavecchia Benedetta , Banda-Barragán Wladimir E. , Brüggen Marcus , Brighenti Fabrizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGalactic winds probe how feedback regulates the mass and metallicity of galaxies. Galactic winds have cold gas, which is mainly observable with absorption and emission lines. Theoretically studying how absorption lines are produced requires numerical simulations and realistic starburst UV backgrounds. We use outputs from a suite of 3D PLUTO simulations of wind-cloud interactions to first estimate column densities and temperatures. Then, to create synthetic spectra, we developed a python interface to link our PLUTO simulations to TRIDENT via the YT-package infrastructure. We produce UV backgrounds accounting for the star formation rate of starbursts. For this purpose, we use fluxes generated by STARBURST99, which are then processed through CLOUDY to create customised ion tables. Such tables are subsequently read into TRIDENT to generate absorption spectra. We explain how the various packages and tools communicate with each other to create ion spectra consistent with spectral energy distributions of starburst systems.
Stellar activity effects on the atmospheric escape of hot Jupiters
Authors: Mitani Hiroto , Nakatani Riouhei , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransit observations have revealed the existence of atmospheric escape in several hot Jupiters. High energy photons from the host star heat the upper atmosphere and drive the hydrodynamic escape. The escaping atmosphere can interact with the stellar wind from the host star. We run radiation hydrodynamics simulations with non-equilibrium chemistry to investigate the wind effects on the escape and the transit signature. Our simulations follow the planetary outflow driven by the photoionization heating and the wind interaction in a dynamically coupled, self-consistent manner. We show that the planetary mass-loss rate is almost independent of the wind strength, which however affects the Ly-α transit depth considerably. But the Hα transit depth is almost independent of the wind strength because it is largely caused by the lower hot layer. We argue that observations of both lines can solve the degeneracy between the EUV flux from the host and the wind strength.
Numerical 2D MHD simulations of the collapse of magnetic rotating protostellar clouds with the Enlil code
Authors: Khaibrakhmanov Sergey , Zamozdra Sergey , Kargaltseva Natalya , Zhilkin Andrey , Dudorov Alexander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe numerically investigate the gravitational collapse of rotating magnetic protostellar clouds. The simulations are performed using 2D MHD code ‘Enlil’. The code is based on TVD scheme of increased order of accuracy. We developed a model of the initially non-uniform cloud, which self-consistently treats gas density and large-scale magnetic field distribution. Simulation results for the typical parameters of a solar mass cloud are presented. In agreement with our previous results for the uniform cloud, the isothermal collapse of the non-uniform cloud results in formation of hierarchical structure of the cloud, consisting of flattened envelope and thin quasi-magnetostatic primary disk near its equatorial plane. The non-uniform cloud collapses longer than the uniform one, since the magnetic field is dynamically stronger at the periphery of the cloud in the former case.
Two-dimensional MHD model of gas flow dynamics near a young star with a jet and a protoplanetary disk
Authors: Grigoryev V. V. , Dmitriev D. V. , Demidova T. V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA numerical nonstationary two-dimensional MHD model of a protoplanetary disk near T Tauri star with a jet is developed. The model assumes consideration of pure gas ionization, optically thin cooling, anisotropic thermal conductivity and viscosity. The relaxation of gas-dynamic flows is analyzed. Based on the evolution of plasma flows, profiles of hydrogen spectral lines have been obtained.
Mass ejection from neutron-star mergers
Authors: Shibata Masaru , Fujibayashi Sho , Hayashi Kota , Kiuchi Kenta , Wanajo Shinya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMerger of binary neutron stars and black hole-neutron star binaries is the promising source of short-hard gamma-ray bursts, the most promising site for the r-process nucleosynthesis, and the source of kilonovae. To theoretically predict the merger and mass ejection processes and resulting electromagnetic emission, numerical simulation in full general relativity (numerical relativity) is the unique approach. We summarize our current understanding for the processes of neutron-star mergers and subsequent mass ejection based on the results of long-term numerical-relativity simulations. We pay particular attention to the electron fraction of the ejecta.
PION: Simulations of Wind-Blown Nebulae
Authors: Mackey Jonathan , Green Samuel , Moutzouri Maria , Haworth Thomas J. , Kavanagh Robert D. , Celeste Maggie , Brose Robert , Zargaryan Davit , O’Rourke Ciarán 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present an overview of PION, an open-source software project for solving radiation-magnetohydrodynamics equations on a nested grid, aimed at modelling asymmetric nebulae around massive stars. A new implementation of hybrid OpenMP/MPI parallel algorithms is briefly introduced, and improved scaling is demonstrated compared with the current release version. Three-dimensional simulations of an expanding nebula around a Wolf-Rayet star are then presented and analysed, similar to previous 2D simulations in the literature. The evolution of the emission measure of the gas and the X-ray surface brightness are calculated as a function of time, and some qualitative comparison with observations is made.
A radiation hydrodynamics scheme on adaptive meshes using the Variable Eddington Tensor (VET) closure
Authors: Menon Shyam H. , Federrath Christoph , Krumholz Mark R. , Kuiper Rolf , Wibking Benjamin D. , Jung Manuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a new algorithm to solve the equations of radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) in a frequency-integrated, two-moment formulation. Novel features of the algorithm include i) the adoption of a non-local Variable Eddington Tensor (VET) closure for the radiation moment equations, computed with a ray-tracing method, ii) support for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), iii) use of a time-implicit Godunov method for the hyperbolic transport of radiation, and iv) a fixed-point Picard iteration scheme to accurately handle the stiff nonlinear gas-radiation energy exchange. Tests demonstrate that our scheme works correctly, yields accurate rates of energy and momentum transfer between gas and radiation, and obtains the correct radiation field distribution even in situations where more commonly used – but less accurate – closure relations like the Flux-limited Diffusion and Moment-1 approximations fail. Our scheme presents an important step towards performing RHD simulations with increasing spatial and directional accuracy, effectively improving their predictive capabilities.
Favoured Inflationary Models by SFC Baryogenesis
Authors: Panayotova Mariana , Kirilova Daniela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe provide analysis of the baryon asymmetry generated in the Scalar Field Condensate (SFC) baryogenesis model obtained in new inflation, chaotic inflation, Starobinsky inflation, MSSM inflation, quintessential inflation, considering both cases of efficient thermalization after inflation and also delayed thermalization. We have found that baryon asymmetry generated in SFC baryogenesis model is considerably bigger than the observed one for the new inflation, new inflation model by Shafi and Vilenkin, MSSM inflation, chaotic inflation with high reheating temperature and the simplest Shafi-Vilenkin chaotic inflationary model. Therefore, strong diluting mechanisms are needed to reduce the baryon excess to its observational value today for these models. We have shown that for the SFC baryogenesis model a successful generation of the observed baryon asymmetry is possible in Modified Starobinsky inflation, chaotic inflation with low reheating temperature, chaotic inflation in SUGRA and quintessential inflationary model.
Modelling astrophysical fluids with particles
Authors: Rosswog Stephan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics is a crucial tool to theoretically explore the cosmos. In the last decade, we have seen a substantial methodological diversification with a number of cross-fertilizations between originally different methods. Here we focus on recent developments related to the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. We briefly summarize recent technical improvements in the SPH-approach itself, including smoothing kernels, gradient calculations and dissipation steering. These elements have been implemented in the Newtonian high-accuracy SPH code MAGMA2 and we demonstrate its performance in a number of challenging benchmark tests. Taking it one step further, we have used these new ingredients also in the first particle-based, general-relativistic fluid dynamics code that solves the full set of Einstein equations, SPHINCS_BSSN. We present the basic ideas and equations and demonstrate the code performance at examples of relativistic neutron stars that are evolved self-consistently together with the spacetime.
Hybrid magnetic structures around spinning black holes connected to a surrounding accretion disk
Authors: El Mellah I. , Cerutti B. , Crinquand B. , Parfrey K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe hot accretion flow around Kerr black holes is strongly magnetized. Magnetic field loops sustained by a surrounding accretion disk can close within the event horizon. We performed particle-in-cell simulations in Kerr metric to capture the dynamics of the electromagnetic field and of the ambient collisionless plasma in this coupled configuration. We find that a hybrid magnetic topology develops with a closed magnetosphere co-existing with open field lines threading the horizon reminiscent of the Blandford-Znajek solution. Further in the disk, highly inclined open magnetic field lines can launch a magnetically-driven wind. While the plasma is essentially force-free, a current sheet forms above the disk where magnetic reconnection produces macroscopic plasmoids and accelerates particles up to relativistic Lorentz factors. A highly dynamic Y-point forms on the furthest closed magnetic field line, with episodic reconnection events responsible for transient synchrotron emission and coronal heating.
Merging of spinning binary black holes in globular clusters
Authors: Sobolenko Margarita , Berczik Peter , Arca Sedda Manuel , Maliszewski Konrad , Giersz Mirek , Spurzem Rainer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBased on our current high resolution direct N-body modelling of the Milky Way typical Star Cluster systems dynamical evolution we try to numerically estimate the influence of individual spin values and orientations on gravitational wave (GW) waveforms and observed time-frequency maps during multiple cycles for binary black hole (BBH) mergers. In our up to date N-body dynamical simulations we use the high order relativistic post-Newtonian corrections for the BH binary particles (3.5 post-Newtonian (PN) terms including spin-spin and spin-orbit terms). In the current work, we present the GW waveforms catalogue which covers the large parameter space in mass ratios 0.05 - 0.82 and extreme possible individual spin cases.