bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversion of local earthquake data for site response in San Diego, California
Authors: van de Vrugt H. , Day S. , Magistrale H. , Weddberg J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPortable seismic stations were deployed in the San Diego area to investigate local site effects on weak ground motion. We analyzed horizontal S-wave recordings from 161 local and near-regional earthquakes, using a least-squares matrix factorization (LSMF) inversion algorithm to separate the site effects from the combined effects of the source and path. Recording sites included stations underlain by Holocene fill, alluvium, bay sediments and artificial fill, Quaternary and Tertiary formational deposits, and crystalline rock exhibiting various degrees of weathering. Spectral ratios of S-wave coda were also used to estimate site response at two of the study sites. The coda analysis results were consistent with the results obtained from the inversion analysis. Results indicate that severe amplifications are present at some sites underlain by holocene deposits but demonstrate that surface geology alone provide an inadequate foundation for microzonation. Site-response amplifications up to a factor of 15, relative to a crystalline rock reference site, were observed at one site underlain by artificial fill and bay sediments. Yet a second site underlain by bay sediments exhibited a site response nearly 75% lower than the other bay sediment site, consistent with the site response observed at sites underlain by more indurated deposits. The site response observed at the Quaternary and Tertiary sedimentary sites was fairly consistent with the response of the younger alluvial sites, which may be attributable to the relatively shallow burial of the formational deposits in San Diego. The site responses at all five crystalline rock sites included in the study were very similar at frequencies below 4 Hz, and four of the five were similar up to 10 Hz, becoming more distinct at higher frequency. Seismic P-wave and S-wave refraction data collected at the crystalline rock sites demonstrate that deviations in response at higher frequencies are attributable to the presence of weathered horizons in the near surface at these sites.
Application of ground-penetrating radar to investigation of near-surface fault properties in the San Francisco Bay region
Authors: Cai Jun , McMechan George A. , Fisher Michael A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In many geologic environments, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) provides high-resolution images of near-surface Earth structure. GPR data collection is nondestructive and very economical. The scale of features detected by GPR lies between those imaged by high-resolution seismic reflection surveys and those exposed in trenches and is therefore potentially complementary to traditional techniques for fault location and mapping. Sixty-two GPR profiles were collected at 12 sites in the San Francisco Bay region. Results show that GPR data correlate with large-scale features in existing trench observations, can be used to locate faults where they are buried or where their positions are not well known, and can identify previously unknown fault segments. The best data acquired were on a profile across the San Andreas fault, traversing Pleistocene terrace deposits south of Olema in Marin County; this profile shows a complicated multi-branched fault system from the ground surface down to about 40 m, the maximum depth for which data were recorded.
Regional event discrimination without transporting thresholds
Authors: Fisk Mark D. , Gray Henry L. , McCartor Gary D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on assessing discrimination performance for regional seismic events using a multivariate statistical method for outlier detection. The approach is motivated by the lack of seismic calibration data for underground nuclear explosions in most regions and the difficulty associated with transporting regional discriminants. The procedure is fully automated to flag events warranting special attention. It also allows control of the false alarm rate and a natural way to rank events. Regional data sets, consisting of nuclear explosions, mining blasts, and earthquakes, recorded by the ARCESS and GERESS arrays in Norway and Germany, respectively, station WMQ in China, and stations KNB and MNV in the western United States, are presented and compared. The outlier-test procedure is applied in each region, using Pn/Lg, Pn/Sn, and Pg/Lg in several frequency bands from 3 to 8 Hz. Identification and false alarm rates are estimated for each region using a standard set of discriminants, provided measurements were available for the events. At 0.01 significance level, between 87% and 100% of the nuclear explosions and quarry blasts are identified as outliers of the respective earthquake groups in the various regions. Overall, 209 of 229 (91%) explosions were identified as outliers, and there were only two false alarms out of 143 earthquakes (1.4%), slightly higher than the target rate of 1%. These results were obtained for diverse geological regions, for a wide range of epicentral distances and magnitudes, and for single stations and arrays.
Modeling the effect of San Andreas fault structure on receiver functions using elastic 3D finite difference
Authors: Hammer John K. , Langston Charles A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Teleseismic P-wave data collected at the San Andreas Observatory (SAO) seismic station show strong frequency-dependent, nonrectilinear particle motions consisting of off-azimuth horizontal displacements that are sometimes larger than the vertical displacements. The azimuthal dependence of the horizontal components amplitude is directly related to the symmetry of the fault zone. A 3D finite-difference program (Frankel and Vidale, 1992) is used to examine the response of the San Andreas fault-zone velocity structure to incident teleseismic P waves. Synthetic seismograms are formed using a 3D representation of an assumed 2D fault-zone structure. The fault-zone velocity model produces large-amplitude phases that contain combinations of refracted and internally reflected P-to-S converted phases, diffractions, and possible P-to-Rayleigh converted phases. The largest-amplitude phases observed in the data are nondispersive and have complicated particle motions confined to the vertical plane perpendicular to the fault zone. The data are fit best by synthetic receiver functions for field points similar to the location of SAO relative to the San Andreas fault zone. Since the velocity model used in the computations is nonunique, sensitivity studies were performed by modifying the structure. Synthetics match the timing and nature of the observed phases at SAO showing that assumption of plane-layered structure is invalid in the area of this station.
Large-amplitude Moho reflections (SmS) from Landers aftershocks, southern California
Authors: Mori Jim , Helmberger Donald 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Closely spaced aftershocks of the 28 June 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw 7.3) were used to make event record sections that show the transverse components of S and SmS arrivals at a distance of 70 to 170 km. For the data recorded toward the north in the Mojave desert, large SmS phases are observed with amplitudes 2 to 5 times greater than the direct S. For similar distances to the south, the SmS arrival is comparable to or smaller than the S. Comparisons to synthetic seismograms indicate that the large-amplitude SmS phases are produced by the simple crustal structure of the Mojave desert that allows a large Moho reflection. In contrast, the more complex geologic structure to the south partitions the seismic energy into a more complicated set of seismic phases, so that the Moho reflection is diminished in amplitude. The large SmS phases observed in the Mojave enhance the overall ground motions by a factor of 2 to 3. This suggests that when damaging earthquakes occur in other regions of simple crustal structures, Moho reflections will produce amplified strong motions at distance ranges around 100 km depending on the local structure.
Nonlinear soil response—A reality?
Authors: Beresnev Igor  A. , Wen Kuo-Liang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Geotechnical models consistently indicate that the stress-strain relationship of soils is nonlinear and hysteretic, especially at shear strains larger than ∼10−5 to 10−4. Nonlinear effects, such as an increase in damping and reduction in shear-wave velocity as excitation strength increases, are commonly recognized in the dynamic loading of soils. On the other hand, these effects are usually ignored in seismological models of ground-motion prediction because of the lack of compelling corroborative evidence from strong-motion observations. The situation is being changed by recently obtained data. Explicit evidence of strong-motion deamplification, accompanied by changes in resonant frequencies, are found in the data from the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico, and the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquakes, the events recorded by the vertical and surface accelerograph arrays in Taiwan, as well as a number of other events throughout the world. Evidence of nonlinear behavior becomes apparent beyond a threshold acceleration of ∼100 to 200 gal. Nonlinearity is considerable in cohesionless soil but may be negligible in stiff soils. The findings of recent years indicate that nonlinear site effects are more common than previously recognized in strong-motion seismology.
Latinas’ Identity Exploration in STEM During COVID-19
Authors: Contreras Aguirre Hilda Cecilia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Latina students’ challenges as a minoritized group in Science, Engineering, Technology, and Mathematics (STEM) programs call for a deeper understanding of their social and academic identities, which are crucial aspects in successfully navigating rigorous STEM programs. Through a qualitative approach, seven Latina college students were interviewed at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) during COVID-19, to gain insight into their experiences as they develop their social and academic identities. The findings of the study revealed three key factors influencing Latinas’ social and science identity formation: 1) culture and gender experiences prior to and during the pandemic; 2) the ongoing search for a science identity through female role models despite the inadequate representation of Latina STEM faculty; and 3) the participants’ self-advocacy to achieve academic success. Lastly, the continued challenges the students experienced related to the global pandemic, rigorous STEM academic programs, and the need for a coherent science identity were explored.
Responsibility of Digital-Based Complain Services at the Honor Board of Election Organizers of the Republic of Indonesia (DKPP RI) During Pandemic
Authors: Agani Muh. Hasbi Azis , Mustari Nuryanti , Harakan Ahmad , Hartaman Nursaleh 
Published: July 2023

In public services, responsiveness or responsiveness is one of the benchmarks for good governance. Enforcement of the code of ethics against violations of election administration (KPU and Bawaslu) committed by the DKPP RI as an institution for enforcing the code of ethics for election organizers. Data from the DKPP stated that from 2018 to 2021 there were 1,546 complaints that came in through digital media, peaking in 2020 during the pandemic so that in the service of complaints carried out by the DKPP RI RI, it is necessary to have service responsiveness in receiving reports/complaints from reporters, which makes DKPP RI an institution that integrity. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data analysis using NVivo 12 Plus. By using 6 indicators of responsiveness of the results obtained. The successful achievement of digital-based complaint services at the Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu Republik Indonesia (DKPP RI) during the pandemic uses 6 indicators, namely “the ability to respond to the community, officers have provided good attitudes and communication; speed of service, officers have shown alertness and sincerity in serving; accuracy of service, officers have been focused and serious in their work; service accuracy, officers have worked in accordance with the SOP; timeliness of service, officers work in accordance with incoming reports; the ability to respond to complaints, officers are able to respond to complaints and provide the best solutions.
E-Governance and Public Services in Local Governments: Study of The Taspen Smart Card Programfor Pension Fund Services in Makassar City and Pinrang Regency
Authors: Saputra Lukman Nul Hakim Amran , Khaerah Nur , Abdillah Abdillah , Mustari Nuryanti 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-Government through Taspen Smart Card Program in pension fund services of State Civil Service. This study used a combination method of concurrent triangulation design (a balanced mix of quantitative and qualitative). The major instrument used was questionnaire and interview. There were participants of the Taspen Smart Card Program that involved as samples and informants in this study. The number of samples was 40 and 2 people as informants. The samples taken using probability sampling techniques. The data were analyzed using regression analysis technique. The results of this study indicated that the implementation of e- Government through Taspen Smart Card Program in pension fund services of State Civil Service in Pinrang and Makassar Regency is running very well. This is based on the average score obtained was 139.6 or 87.25% which indicates that the implementation of Taspen Smart Card fall into very good category. Furthermore, the study also shows that the implementation of Taspen Smart Card Program has a positive and significant effect in pension fund services of State Civil Service in Pinrang and Makassar Regency by 33.3% and the remaining 66.7% due to the existence of other programs issued by the government.
Changing trends of prevalence and presentation of ectopic pregnancy cases admitted in DMCH
Authors: Fatema Bushra , Begum Mahmuda , Zaman Faria , Aktar Shahida 
Published: July 2023

Background: An ectopic pregnancy occurs outside the uterus and is a relatively common condition among women of childbearing age. Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the Fallopian tube (so-called tubal pregnancies), but implantation can also occur in the cervix, ovaries, and abdomen. An ectopic pregnancy is a potential medical emergency, and, if not treated properly, can lead to death. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changing trends of prevalence and presentation of ectopic pregnancy cases admitted in DMCH.
Methods: This study was undertaken among the patients admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period from October 2012 to March 2013. Clinical evaluation of cases of ectopic pregnancy in terms of sociodemographic factors, presentations, risk factors, examination findings, per operative findings and management offered to the patients. The period from Data was entered in MS Excel and Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-24.
Results: Most of the patients were 20-30 years age group and mean age was 28.08±4.24 years. The frequency of ectopic pregnancy was 7.60%. High incidence was found among 0-1 parity (48%) and from a lower socioeconomic status. Commonest presentation was lower abdominal pain (94%), amenorrhoea (100%), P/V bleeding (38%) and syncopal attack (48%). Most of the cases was without contraceptic coverage (60%). Previous history of abortion/MR (50%), history of pelvic infection (30%) and history of D&C (16%) constitute the main bulk of risk factors. Most of the patients managed by laparotomy followed by salpingectomy which is still the standard treatment in many cases.
Conclusions: Study has found that previous abortions are major etiological factor for ectopic pregnancy than previous pelvic infection. Most of the patients were managed by laparotomy. The general public should be made aware the sign and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. Proper and modern diagnostic tools and training program for these should be made available in all tertiary level hospital.
Tobacco addiction and infertility in India: an overview
Authors: Patel Garima , Kashyap Aryan 
Published: July 2023

Tobacco addiction is one of the oldest known addictions with annual death toll of three million. And India is the second largest consumer of tobacco in the world because of easy availability of variety of smoking and smokeless tobacco products in the market. This has made the situating very complex in India, as the same tobacco generating billions of revenues for India is also a financial burden over the health care sector. Tobacco is a risk factor for approximately 50 serious health care diseases including infertility. But it is surprising that only 22% of the general population are familiar with the reproductive risks associated with smoking. This shear ignorance has led to increase in smoking among women too. Tobacco use not only decrease fecundity and reproductive potential of the individual, but also causes relationship disharmony among the already emotional wrecked infertile couple. Though this stress might be the contributory factor towards tobacco abuse but ironically this tobacco use further escalates the financial ‘stress’ in these couples. Multiple attempts may be required during the process of quitting and the likelihood of success increases with each attempt. The ultimate key is counselling, education, and encouragement at each clinical visit.
Intraoperative diagnosis of left-sided appendicitis in a patient with partial situs inversus and levocardia: a rare case report
Authors: Talreja Deep P. , Talreja Rani Bai , Elsayed Ahmed M. , Albatanony Ayman A. 
Published: July 2023

Acute appendicitis is common surgical conditions, requiring an emergency operation and accounting for 4% to 8% of all emergency department visits. The diagnosis depends on clinical manifestation, radiological findings, and surgeon experience. Appendicitis causing pain in the left lower quadrant is rare and can occur with congenital abnormalities that include a true left-sided appendix or as an atypical presentation of a right-sided, but long appendix, which projects into the left lower quadrant. Left-sided acute appendicitis develops in association with two types of congenital anomalies: situs in versus and mid-gut malrotation. Here we are reporting a case of right-side lower quadrant pain presentation of left appendicitis with partial situs inversus. A 28-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a one-day history of right lower quadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Physical examination revealed RLQ abdominal tenderness with localized guarding. Laboratory tests revealed raised levels of C-reactive protein and neutrophilic leukocytosis. Abdominal ultrasound report came as non-visualized appendix. Patient was taken for laparoscopic appendicectomy where the appendix was not found on the right iliac fossa. Laparoscopic exploration was done and revealed a swollen inflamed left-sided appendix attached to a healthy mobile left sided caecum. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was carried out and the postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged within 24 hours. Postoperative chest and abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a situs inversus with levocardia. Left-sided appendicitis is a rare condition characterized by the anatomical variation of the appendix with atypical presentation and is therefore easy to misdiagnose. Preoperative clinical diagnosis of left sided acute appendicitis is difficult and imaging may help determine the correct diagnosis. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is far more superior to the open method in these cases as it saves the patient a formal open surgical exploration.
Assessment of knowledge and attitude towards menstrual cup usage among adolescent girls
Authors: George Manju , Marath Usha , Rajan Eline , Shaju Jesna , George Jismol , Poulose Sandra , Jolly Tinku 
Published: July 2023

A woman is the essence of whole universe. If there would be no women, the human race is surely going to end. Women deserves more care and attention especially during the reproductive phase. Menstruation is a unique phenomenon of females of reproductive age group. Cultural, religious and traditional beliefs can lead to different restrictions that women face during their menstrual period. Menstrual cup is a device for menstrual flow management and is claimed to be a healthy and environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional menstrual sanitary protections.Even though menstrual cup is highly efficient it requires fair amount of self-confidence and assurance to insert into one’s own body. And the prevailing myths on breakage of hymen make the confusion of adolescents even worse. This study was aimed at assessing knowledge and attitude towards menstrual cup usage among adolescent girls. Descriptive survey design was used. A total of 100 adolescent girls were selected using convenient quota sampling methods. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire to assess knowledge and an attitude rating scale to assess attitude towards menstrual cup usage. The study results revealed that 50 % students had good knowledge, 35 % students had satisfactory knowledge, 8 % students had excellent knowledge, 6 % students had poor knowledge and one percent students had very poor knowledge about menstrual cup usage. Majority (81%) had a positive attitude towards menstrual cup usage, 19% had neutral attitude and none had negative attitude. Hence majority of the subjects had a good attitude towards menstrual cup usage. There was no relation between knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls towards menstrual cup usage. Women have lots of concerns about managing menstrual flow. Fear of spotting, stains, squishy, messy, smelling and annoying nature of sanitary pads is still a major dilemma. Other alternative measure to sanitary napkins is menstrual cup. Adolescent girls achieve their knowledge on menstrual cup through the social media.In a developing world, menstrual management is not only difficult but also may have serious adverse impact on the lives of women. Even when taboos are not a major problem, convenient or inexpensive menstrual collection materials are not available. Efforts to produce inexpensive materials are solely lacking. Women use clothes, absorbent pads or tampons to manage menstrual flow. Washing the clothes or disposing the pads hygienically is a challenge for most of the females. By interacting with other teens, investigators understood that women have lots of concerns about using sanitary pads. Other alternative measure to sanitary napkins is menstrual cup but females require self-confidence and assurance to insert it to one’s own body.
Pengetahuan Lokal Sub-Etnis Batak Toba dalam Memanfaatkan Tumbuhan Obat
Authors: Simamora Leimena , Ratnasih Rina , Dwiartama Angga , Irsam Arifin Surya 
Published: July 2023

Knowledge of the utility of medicinal plants in sub-ethnicity of Batak Toba has not been widely disclosed. This knowledge has been passed down from generation to generation orally and has very limited documentation so it has the potential to be lost. The result of this study are intended to reveal the local's knowledge of the utilization of medicinal plants by Batak Toba sub-etnicity in Desa Sipagabu. The methods of collecting the data were done by conducting semi-structured interviews and participatory observation with the informant. Descriptive statistics have been used to analyze the collected data. In this study, the informant consisted of 51 natives Batak Toba sub-ethnicity with previous knowledge of the utilization of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants that were used are 115 species which belong to 100 genus and 49 families. The main families of medicinal plants utilized by local comunities are Asteraceae, followed by Fabaceae and Zingiberaceae, and Poaceae. Medicinal plants were used to cure disease are grouped into natural diseases, supranatural disease, uncommon disease, and certain diseases that are cure using traditional concotion.