bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous Core‐membrane Microstructured Nanomaterial Composed of Deep Eutectic Solvents and MOF‐808 for CO2 Capture
Authors: Zhang Chen , Su Tingyu , Zhang Xinqi , Zhang Duoyong , Xuan Tao , Wang Liwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA series of porous core‐membrane microstructured nanomaterials, constructed of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) membrane and porous MOF‐808 core via liquid surface tensions and electrostatic interactions, are introduced for carbon dioxide capture with the sorption mechanism coupling diffusion, physisorption, and chemisorption. MOF‐808 as the porous core considerably improves the diffusion interactions for DES membranes, hence significantly enhancing the sorption performance of DESs. Although the DES consisted by monoethanolamine and tetrapropylammonium chloride (MEA‐TPAC‐7) has the highest sorption capacity among all DESs, it is only 4.39 mmol g−1 at 2.4 bar and further attenuates by fastidious diffusion interactions when increasing viscosity or dose. The sorption capacities of DES@MOF‐120 are 5.18 mmol g−1 at 3.0 bar and 4.78 mmol g−1 at 2.4 bar without apparent sorption hysteresis in pressure swing sorption, which are substantially improved contrasted to MEA‐TPAC‐7. The sorption isotherms are reconstructed via Sips models considering surface heterogeneity with regression correlation coefficients over 0.9454 to forecast maximum sorption capacity over 6.33 mmol g−1.
Capacitor‐voltage‐balancing control for isolated medium‐voltage AC‐DC modular matrix converter
Authors: Budo Kohei , Takeshita Takaharu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a capacitor‐voltage‐balancing control scheme for an isolated medium‐voltage AC‐DC converter using level‐shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) control of a modular matrix converter (MMxC). The proposed isolated AC‐DC converter is composed of the primary MMxC with level‐shifted PWMcontrol, high‐frequency transformer, and secondary H‐bridge circuits. The high‐frequency transformer of the proposed circuit can be downsized because the level‐shifted PWM control scheme makes the rated frequency of the high‐frequency transformer equal to the switching‐frequency. The proposed capacitor‐voltage‐balancing control can compensate for the capacitor voltage imbalance of the MMxC using the positive‐sequence and negative‐sequence circulating‐currents with a power supply frequency and high‐frequency voltage. In the proposed control system, the three feedback control systems with DC control variables can be developed to compensate for the capacitor voltage imbalance. The effectiveness of the proposed capacitor‐voltage‐balancing control scheme and the control systems is verified by experiments using a 200 V, 5‐kW laboratory prototype.
Energy‐efficient machine type communication in HetNets under statistical QoS guarantees
Authors: Waqas Haider Shah Syed , Qaraqe Marwa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere has been an unprecedented rise in the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) in the past decade. One of the underlying reasons for this exponential growth is that IoT allows for massive machine‐type communication (mMTC), which facilities machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communication with minimal human intervention. However, mMTC devices are characterized by resource and energy limitations, and thus require powerful and efficient power allocation methods that do not jeopardize quality‐of‐service (QoS) performance. In this work, a statistical QoS analysis of M2M communication in heterogeneous wireless networks is performed. We propose a communication mode selection (CMS) scheme that selects an uplink transmission link from the available candidate links based on pathloss criteria. The closed‐form expressions for the Effective Capacity and effective energy efficiency (Effective‐EE) of the M2M communication in the heterogeneous wireless network are derived and verified via simulations. The optimal fixed transmission rate that maximizes the Effective Capacity and Effective‐EE is also analytically analyzed. Furthermore, four scenarios are adopted to study the overall Effective Capacity and Effective‐EE of a two‐hop M2M communication link where the transmitter and access point operate under independent and identical QoS constraints. This article also investigates the impact of circuit power and the efficiency of the power amplifier on the achievable Effective‐EE of the communication link.
Covid‐19: Medical Decisions, Mandates, and High‐Risk Minors
Authors: Will Jonathan F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKensey Dishman was unvaccinated when she contracted Covid‐19 at thirteen years old. She also had asthma and is now dead. Her divorced parents disagreed about whether Kensey should be vaccinated, and her father suggested that it was Kensey's own choice to refuse vaccination. This situation is as complicated as it is tragic, and it raises a number of legal and ethical issues regarding medical decision‐making for minors, parental rights, vaccination mandates, and individual freedom versus government interests in protecting minors as well as public health. This commentary explores these issues and highlights potential sources of liability for those involved in Kensey's treatment decisions given her high‐risk for complications from Covid‐19.
What Happened to Consent? Rationalizing Its Breaches
Authors: Wilson Yolonda , Vinarcsik Lou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHarriet Washington's latest book, Carte Blanche: The Erosion of Medical Consent, examines several cases of exploitation within different U.S. populations involved in medical experimentation. She argues that “consent has been whittled away not by successful ethical argument or by persuasion but because the U.S. medical research system maintains subjects in a voiceless and uninformed state.” Protections promised by the early medico‐legal ideal of consent were never universal, and exceptions favoring the aims of researchers over the well‐being of vulnerable groups have become the norm. Carte Blanche explores how ever‐growing categories of people are vulnerable to becoming unwitting subjects of medical research as consent is overridden in the name of emergencies, military utility, and scientific progress.
The effect of scaling and root planning on the periodontal condition in hemodialysis patients: A clinical trial study
Authors: Raeesi Vajehallah , Mohammadi Moghaddam Marzieh , Naghavi Ali , Mozafari Ghazale 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPeriodontitis is very common in kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. The two diseases interact with each other so that kidney failure exacerbates periodontal disease and periodontal disease increases the severity of the renal failure. This study aimed to compare the effect of scaling and root planning on the periodontal status of hemodialysis patients and the healthy control group.MethodsA clinical trial study of 60 subjects, 30 subjects in the dialysis group with chronic periodontitis, and 30 with chronic periodontitis who were systemically healthy was conducted. After a health education session, gingival pocket depth (PD) measurement, and clinical attachment level (CAL), scaling was performed for both groups. Then, the mentioned indices were measured consequently, at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Improvement in both groups was analyzed by Mann–Whitney and paired sample t‐test at the significance level of 0.05 by SPSS software.ResultsIn both groups, the decrease in PD and CAL was steadily observed from the first to the third time and the changes from the first to the second and the first to the third time were significant however it was not significant between the second and third time. Mean PD and CAL in the dialysis group were higher than in the nondialysis group, which was significant (p < 0.001) for the mean PD. The mean improvement of PD and CAL in dialysis patients was 14.31 ± 10.48 and 17.60 ± 7.83%, respectively, and the mean improvement of PD in the nondialysis group was significantly higher than in the dialysis group (p = 0.008).ConclusionPeriodontal treatment (scaling) causes more improvement in periodontal clinical parameters in healthy people with periodontitis than in dialysis patients.
Resonance Raman spectra and excited state properties of methyl viologen and its radical cation from time‐dependent density functional theory
Authors: Ozuguzel Umut , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Nieman Reed , Minteer Shelley D. , Korzeniewski Carol 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was applied to gain insights into the electronic and vibrational spectroscopic properties of an important electron transport mediator, methyl viologen (MV2+). An organic dication, MV2+ has numerous applications in electrochemistry that include energy conversion and storage, environmental remediation, and chemical sensing and electrosynthesis. MV2+ is easily reduced by a single electron transfer to form a radical cation species (MV•+), which has an intense UV–visible absorption near 600 nm. The redox properties of the MV2+/MV•+ couple and light‐sensitivity of MV•+ have made the system appealing for photo‐electrochemical energy conversion (e.g., solar hydrogen generation from water) and the study of photo‐induced charge transfer processes through electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopic measurements. The reported work applies leading TDDFT approaches to investigate the electronic and vibrational spectroscopic properties of MV2+ and MV•+. Using a conventional hybrid exchange functional (B3‐LYP) and a long‐range corrected hybrid exchange functional (ωB97X‐D3), including with a conductor‐like polarizable continuum model to account for solvation, the electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectra predicted are in good agreement with experiment. Also analyzed are the charge transfer character and natural transition orbitals derived from the TDDFT vertical excitations calculated. The findings and models developed further the understanding of the electronic properties of viologens and related organic redox mediators important in renewable energy applications and serve as a reference for guiding the interpretation of electronic absorption and Raman spectra of the ions.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator in non‐ischemic and ischemic patients for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death: Analysis of the Japan cardiac device treatment registry database
Authors: Yokoshiki Hisashi , Shimizu Akihiko , Mitsuhashi Takeshi , Ishibashi Kohei , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Yoshiga Yasuhiro , Kondo Yusuke , Abe Haruhiko , Shimizu Wataru ,   Members of the Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator (ICD) Committee of the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPanoramic studies in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT‐D) focusing on the etiology and indication are scarce. Besides, a controversy exists regarding requirement of a defibrillator in non‐ischemic patients for primary prevention with CRT.MethodsAnnual trends of de novo CRT‐D implantations from 2011 to 2020 and outcomes of those between January 2011 and August 2015 were analyzed from the Japan cardiac device treatment registry (JCDTR) and New JCDTR database.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2020, 8062 CRT‐D recipients were registered, whose dominant indication was primary prevention of sudden cardiac death with a steady rate of about 70%. There was no significant temporal change of the proportion of non‐ischemic patients being about 70% and 65% for primary and secondary prevention, respectively. Non‐ischemic patients for primary prevention were associated with increased odds of appropriate ICD therapy [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.75; p = .047] and reduced odds of any death (aHR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44–0.99; p = .046) as compared to ischemic patients.ConclusionsProportion of non‐ischemic etiology was much higher than that of ischemic one in the CRT‐D cohort. Based on the higher odds of appropriate ICD therapy, non‐ischemic patients for primary prevention appear to be prudently selected in Japan.
Interdecadal variability of meridional tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific and associated modulating processes
Authors: Tu Jien‐Yi , Chen Jau‐Ming , Tan Pei‐Hua , Tsai Mei‐Yuan , Lai Tzu‐Ling , Chen Ching‐Huang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring the period 1970–2020, evident interdecadal variability of meridional tropical cyclone (TC) genesis occurs in the western North Pacific (WNP) from September through October (SO). From the periods 1970–1996 (IP1) to 1998–2020 (IP2), TC genesis during SO is enhanced (suppressed) in the region north (south) of 20°N. The large‐scale modulating processes feature a general warming of sea surface temperature (SST) over the WNP and systematic northward displacement in atmospheric circulations. The northward‐shifted Pacific subtropical high and monsoon trough result in an anomalous anticyclone across the subtropical region and an anomalous cyclone across the South China Sea and the northern WNP east of Taiwan. This anomalous cyclone facilitates TC genesis to increase in the northern WNP. Meanwhile, the southeastward‐extending monsoon trough retreats northwestward, leading to an anomalous anticyclone over the tropical eastern WNP and a decrease in TC genesis over the southern region. Correlation analyses indicate that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is more effective than global warming in modulating interdecadal increases of TC genesis in the northern region due to inclusions of both trend and oscillation features. Interdecadal decreases of TC genesis in the southern region exhibit a major oscillation feature and are thus mainly affected by interdecadal oscillation components of PDO. More TCs forming in the oceans east of Taiwan are steered by the overlying anomalous cyclone to recurve northward toward oceans to the northeast and north of Taiwan. TC‐induced rainfall over Taiwan thus increases by 25% from IP1 to IP2, which accounts for about 82% of increased total rainfall in Taiwan, showing the notable impact of interdecadal TC genesis on local climate in the WNP.
Comparison of mechanical dermabrasion and CO2 laser in cultured epithelial sheets transplantation in the treatment of refractory stable vitiligo: A multicenter, prospective and self‐controlled comparative study
Authors: Tang Luyan , Luo Zhuyu , Li Jian , Zhang Qi , Chen Shujun , Lin Jinran , Shi Weimin , Mei Xingyu , Tang Yichen , Chen Yuchong , Wu Jinfeng , Wu Wenyu , Xu Jinhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is an acquired depigmented disorder that causes great damage to patient's appearance and mental health. Surgical treatment plays a vital role in patients with refractory vitiligo. Recipient‐site preparation (such as liquid nitrogen, mechanical dermabrasion, chemical peeling and laser) is a key step in surgical treatment. Among them, mechanical dermabrasion and CO2 laser can achieve accurate ablation in different parts and depths.ObjectivesTo compare the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical dermabrasion and CO2 laser and their preference for different parts in cultured epithelial sheets transplantation for the treatment of vitiligo.MethodsWe used a self‐controlled study to compare the efficacy of mechanical dermabrasion and CO2 laser in 120 stable vitiligo patients of different parts at different time points after cultured epithelial sheets transplantation.ResultsNo overall difference between the mechanical dermabrasion group and the CO2 laser group. While the recovery rate of different parts of the mechanical dermabrasion group was significantly different (p < 0.05). Two methods have distinct efficacy for different parts, and CO2 laser is better at treating uneven parts.ConclusionsBoth mechanical dermabrasion and CO2 laser have good results in cultured epithelial sheets transplantation for the treatment of vitiligo.
Ultrasound Screening After Cardiac Surgery Shows Vocal Fold Impairment and Predicts Aspiration
Authors: Siu Jennifer M. , Colyer Jessica , Horner Cassie , Bhat Aarti , Bohuta Lyubomyr , Chan Titus , Dahl John P. , Fridgen Jennifer , Johnson Kaalan , Yip Caitlin , Parikh Sanjay R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionVocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) is a known consequence after high‐risk cardiac surgery. We implemented a universal laryngeal ultrasound (LUS) screening protocol for VFMI after the Norwood and aortic arch surgery. We hypothesized that LUS would accurately identify VFMI and predict postoperative aspiration.MethodsWe implemented a screening algorithm with LUS for patients undergoing high‐risk cardiac surgery at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Positively screened patients underwent flexible nasolaryngoscopy (FNL). Patients with an abnormal FNL underwent a video‐fluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Patient demographics, length of stay, and swallowing outcomes were assessed. Two‐tailed chi square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to assess for differences.ResultsSixty‐seven patients underwent either Norwood or arch reconstruction over a 16‐month period and underwent universal LUS. The average birth weight was 3.24 kg (SD 0.57). Of the 67 patients, VFMI was identified by LUS and 100% confirmed on FNL in 58.21% (n = 39/67) of patients. Aspiration and penetration on VFSS were higher in the group with VFMI as compared with those without VFMI (53.8% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.008). There was no difference in length of stay between patients who did not have a diagnosis of VFMI and those found to have VFMI (41.0 days vs 45.3 days p = 0.73).ConclusionsUniversal LUS screening for patients following high‐risk cardiac surgery may lead to earlier identification of postoperative VFMI and aspiration. Recognition of VFMI through this universal screening program could lead to earlier interventions and possibly improved swallowing outcomes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:1939–1944, 2024
Graphitizability of Polymer Thin Films: An In Situ TEM Study of Thickness Effects on Nanocrystalline Graphene/Glassy Carbon Formation
Authors: Shyam Kumar C. N. , Possel Clemens , Dehm Simone , Chakravadhanula Venkata Sai Kiran , Wang Di , Wenzel Wolfgang , Krupke Ralph , Kübel Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolymer pyrolysis has emerged as a versatile method to synthesize graphenoid (graphene like) materials with varying thickness and properties. The morphology of the thin film, especially the thickness, greatly affects the graphitizability and the properties of the graphenoid material. Using in situ current annealing inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the thickness‐dependent structural evolution of the polymer film with a special focus on thickness effects is followed. At high temperatures, thin samples form large graphene layers oriented parallel to the substrate, whereas in thick samples multi‐walled cage‐like structures are formed. Moleclar Dynamics (MD) simulations reveal a film thickness of 40 Å below which, the carbonized layers align parallel to the surface. For thicker samples, the orientation of the layers becomes increasingly misoriented starting from the surface to the center. This structural change can be attributed to the formation of bonded multi‐layers from the initially unsaturated activated edges. The resulting cage‐like structures are stable even during simulated annealing at temperatures as high as 3500 K. An atomistic understanding of the formation of these structures is presented. The results clearly indicate the critical effect of thickness on the graphitizability of polymers and provide a new understanding of the structural evolution during pyrolysis.
We act therefore we are: A theory of action‐driven strategy
Authors: Câmara Ana , Aime Federico , Petrenko Oleg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCompetitive dynamics and organizational learning are used to predict that competitive actions drive organizational strategy. Competitive actions expose the firm to the competitive environment, creating salient experience and knowledge and affording learning opportunities, which build market familiarity and narrow the managerial selection of strategic options. Findings reveal that characteristics of competitive behavior such as the scope of competitive actions and the use of a diverse mix of actions in competitive repertoires by firms are associated with the adoption of diversification strategies. These findings highlight the possible underlying mechanisms that link competitive behavior and strategy and indicate that firms might access knowledge and experience obtained in the marketplace when they decide to diversify.
A BEM broadband topology optimization strategy based on Taylor expansion and SOAR method—Application to 2D acoustic scattering problems
Authors: Chen Leilei , Zhao Juan , Lian Haojie , Yu Bo , Atroshchenko Elena , Li Pei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, an innovative method is proposed for broadband topology optimization of sound‐absorbing materials adhering to the surface of a sound barrier structure. Helmholtz equation for the acoustic problems is solved using the boundary element method, while sensitivities of the objective function with respect to a large number of design variables are calculated via a sensitivity analysis method originated from the adjoint variable method (AVM), and the optimal solution is obtained by the method of moving asymptotes (MMA). Since the traditional single‐frequency topology optimization is frequency dependent, that is, the optimal solution at a certain frequency may not be optimal at other frequencies, broadband topology optimization of sound‐absorbing materials is conducted in this work. To address the problem of tremendous computational cost due to repetitive calculations at each discrete frequency point during broadband optimization, Taylor expansion of the Hankel function is performed to decouple the frequency dependent and independent terms in the BEM equations. For large‐scale problems, a reduced‐order model that retains the essential structures and key properties of the original model is built using the second‐order Arnoldi (SOAR) method. The accuracy and feasibility of the proposed algorithms are finally validated via some two‐dimensional numerical examples.
Experience of patients with restraints in acute care hospitals and the view of their relatives: A qualitative study
Authors: Siegrist‐Dreier Sandra , Thomann Silvia , Barbezat Isabelle , Richter Dirk , Schmitt Kai‐Uwe , Hahn Sabine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the experiences of patients and relatives with any form of restraints in somatic acute care hospitals.DesignQualitative explorative design.MethodsQualitative research methods were used. Participants were recruited through clinical nursing specialists in participating departments of a university hospital between June and August 2020. Individual interviews were conducted and analysed using content analysis.ResultsFour interviews with patients and five interviews with relatives were conducted with a mean duration of 25 min. The following three topics emerged in the analysis as important: What was perceived as restraints, Assessing the experiences of restraint use on a continuum, and Lack of information about restrictive measures. Patients and relatives defined restraint very broadly and assessed the experiences of restraint on a continuum from positive to negative, with a more critical view from patients. Relatives clearly seemed to approve of the use of restraints in acute care hospitals because it provided them with a sense of security. In general, there seemed to be a lack of information about the use of restraint and its effects on patients and relatives alike.ConclusionThe involvement of patients and relatives in the decision‐making process about restraint use seems to be low. Healthcare professionals need to be better educated to be able to pass on adequate information and to involve patients and their relatives adequately in all processes of restraint use. However, when relatives are involved in decision‐making as proxies for patients, it is important to consider that patients' and relatives' opinions on restraints may differ.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and relatives agreed to participate in the study and shared their experiences with us.