bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Controls on the Tropical Island Diurnal Cycle in the Context of Intraseasonal Variability
Authors: Natoli Michael B. , Maloney Eric D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The mechanisms regulating the relationship between the tropical island diurnal cycle and large-scale modes of tropical variability such as the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) are explored in observations and an idealized model. Specifically, the local environmental conditions associated with diurnal cycle variability are explored. Using Luzon Island in the northern Philippines as an observational test case, a novel probabilistic framework is applied to improve the understanding of diurnal cycle variability. High-amplitude diurnal cycle days tend to occur with weak to moderate offshore low-level wind and near to above average column moisture in the local environment. The transition from the BSISO suppressed phase to the active phase is most likely to produce the wind and moisture conditions supportive of a substantial diurnal cycle over western Luzon and the South China Sea (SCS). Thus, the impact of the BSISO on the local diurnal cycle can be understood in terms of the change in the probability of favorable environmental conditions. Idealized high-resolution 3D Cloud Model 1 (CM1) simulations driven by base states derived from BSISO composite profiles are able to reproduce several important features of the observed diurnal cycle variability with BSISO phase, including the strong, land-based diurnal cycle and offshore propagation in the transition phases. Background wind appears to be the primary variable controlling the diurnal cycle response, but ambient moisture distinctly reduces precipitation strength in the suppressed BSISO phase and enhances it in the active phase.
Observations of Surface Gravity Wave Spectra from Moving Platforms
Authors: Colosi Luke , Pizzo Nick , Grare Laurent , Statom Nick , Lenain Luc 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Surface waves play an important role in the ocean–atmosphere coupled climate system by mediating the exchange of momentum, heat, and gas between the atmosphere and the ocean. Pseudo-Lagrangian autonomous platforms (e.g., Boeing Liquid Robotics Wave Gliders) have been used to investigate the underlying physical dynamics involved in these processes to better parameterize the air–sea exchange occurring at the scale of the surface waves. This requires accurate measurements of directional surface waves down to short scales [O(1) m], as these shorter waves support most of the stress between the atmosphere and the ocean. A challenge to overcome for pseudo-Lagrangian autonomous vehicles is that the platform’s velocity causes the observed frequency of the waves to be Doppler shifted. This leads to a modulation of the wave spectrum, particularly at high frequencies, that depends on the platform’s speed, the wave frequency, and the relative angle between the direction of wave and platform propagation. In this work, we propose a method to account for Doppler effects that considers the full directionality of the wave field. The method is validated using a unique dataset collected from a fleet of two Wave Gliders off the coast of Southern California in September 2019 operating on the perimeter of a tight square (500-m edge length) track over a 3-day deployment. This technique can be used to estimate wave spectra derived from other slow-moving surface vehicles such as Saildrones that use platform motion to characterize the surface wave field. MATLAB routines to implement this method are publicly available.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to introduce a general approach that corrects observations of ocean surface waves collected on board autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) for the effects on the wave period due to the vehicle’s forward motion. This is important because improving climate models requires accurate measurements of short-wavelength waves, which can be readily obtained from ASVs. Our method provides the tools for ASVs to better understand air–sea physics and the larger role ocean surface waves play in Earth’s climate system.
Exchange Rate Uncertainty and India’s Bilateral Trade: A Gravity Model Approach
Authors: Majumdar Devleena , Basu Soumyabrata 
Published: August 2023

Through a gravity model, the paper attempts to analyse the impact of exchange rate uncertainty on India’s gross bilateral trade flows between its top five trading partners and its SAARC partners. Categorising the industries into five segments, namely, agricultural raw materials, chemicals, textile and clothing, metals and all other commodities, over 18 years (2000–2018), a panel data technique has been applied to examine the effect. The empirical result suggests that even though an exchange rate uncertainty shrinks the bilateral trade flows of agricultural raw materials for SAARC members, it enhances the trade flows across all industry verticals for the top five trading partners. Following the gravity model of trade, the study further suggests that the volume of bilateral trade between countries is proportional to the product of each country’s economic growth and inversely proportional to the distance between them.JEL: F10, F14,O24,D81
Enhanced sound absorption performance of stepped-type multi-cavity acoustic absorbers using a hybrid particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Yan Hongyu , Xie Suchao , Li Zhen , Feng Zhejun , Jing Kunkun , Zhang Fengyi 
Published: August 2023

A stepped-type multi-cavity combined sound absorber (SMCSA) was developed to improve the low and mid-frequency sound absorption capabilities of micro-perforated panels. The sound absorption characteristics of the SMCSA were thoroughly investigated using experimental methods, theoretical calculations, and numerical simulation. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to optimize the SMCSA parameters. The findings revealed that the board thickness, hole size, and cavity depth significantly influenced the sound absorption properties of the SMCSA. When the hole size ranged from 0.4–0.6 mm, the sound absorption coefficient of the SMCSA reached 0.9, and the resonance frequency was 600–800 Hz. After optimization utilizing the hybrid particle swarm algorithm, the maximum sound absorption coefficients at the resonance frequency of the two-step, four-step, and eight-step structures were all 0.99.
Transvenous coil embolization of a Cognard V transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Baker Amanda , Hemphill Kafi , Smith Eric R , Cooke Daniel L , Hetts Steven W , Amans Matthew R , Higashida Randall T , Narsinh Kazim H 
Published: August 2023

Dural arteriovenous fistulas with drainage into the spinal veins, classified as Cognard type 5, can be challenging to diagnose and treat. Brainstem and cervical spinal cord signal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging result from venous congestion, and can mimic tumor, infection, or inflammation.1–3 Transarterial and transvenous embolization techniques can be used to treat dural arteriovenous fistulas endovascularly. Efficacious transvenous treatment relies on the ability to safely catheterize the draining vein at the dural arteriovenous fistula site. Transvenous access options may seem limited in the setting of occluded venous sinuses. This case highlights the technical aspects of the transvenous approach to embolization of a transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula within an isolated sinus,4,5 demonstrating traversal of the occluded venous sinus from a contralateral approach.6,7 [Media: see text]
2b Or 2c-3? A meta-analysis of first pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b vs multiple pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2c-3 following mechanical thrombectomy for stroke
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Ghozy Sherief , Amoukhteh Melika , Arul Santhosh , Bilgin Cem , Yigit Can Senol , Orscelik Atakan , Elfil Mohamed , Dmytriw Adam , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F. 
Published: August 2023

Background Procedural success following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke is assessed using the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether outcomes differed between first pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b and multiple pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2c-3. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included original studies in which outcomes were stratified based on first pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b and multiple pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2c-3. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of modified Rankin Scale 0-2. Secondary outcomes of interest were rates of modified Rankin Scale 0-1, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality. We calculated odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results Four studies with 1554 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. Rate of modified Rankin Scale 0–2 (odds ratio = 0.91, 95% confidence interval = 0.70–1.18; P-value = 0.49), modified Rankin Scale 0–1 (odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 0.86–1.71; P-value = 0.27), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.47–3.98; P-value = 0.57), and mortality (odds ratio = 0.91, 95% confidence interval = 0.67–1.25; P-value = 0.56) did not differ between first pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b and multiple pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2c-3. There was no heterogeneity among included studies for modified Rankin Scale 0–2, modified Rankin Scale 0–1, or mortality; however, there was moderate heterogeneity among studies for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage ( I2 = 53%, P-value = 0.12). Conclusions Clinical and safety outcomes did not differ between first pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b and multiple pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2c-3. Future prospective studies and clinical trials should determine whether first pass thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b is a viable endpoint to thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2c-3.
Factors Associated With Achievement of Blood Pressure, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and Glycemic Targets for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases Among High Cardiovascular Risk Malaysians in Primary Care
Authors: Baharudin Noorhida , Ramli Anis Safura , Ramland Siti Syazwani , Badlie-Hisham Nurul Izzaty , Mohamed-Yassin Mohamed-Syarif 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the world’s leading cause of death. About half of Malaysian adults have at least 2 risk factors; thus, rigorous primary preventions are crucial to prevent the first cardiovascular (CV) event. This study aimed to determine the achievement of treatment targets and factors associated with it among high CV risk individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 390 participants from a primary care clinic in Selangor, Malaysia, between February and June 2022. The inclusion criteria were high-CV risk individuals, that is, Framingham risk score >20%, diabetes without target organ damage, stage 3 kidney disease, and very high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >4.9 mmol/L or blood pressure (BP) >180/110 mmHg. Individuals with existing CVD were excluded. The treatment targets were BP <140/90 mmHg (≤135/75 for diabetics), LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L, and HbA1c ≤6.5%. Multiple logistic regressions determined the association between sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, health literacy, and medication adherence with the achievements of each target. Results: About 7.2% achieved all treatment targets. Of these, 35.1% reached systolic and diastolic (46.7%) BP targets. About 60.2% and 28.2% achieved optimal LDL-C and HbA1c, respectively. Working participants had lower odds of having optimal systolic (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.90) and diastolic (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17-0.96) BP. Those who adhered to treatments were more likely to achieve LDL-C and HbA1c targets; (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10-2.69) and (aOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.25-4.83), respectively. Conclusions: The control of risk factors among high CV risk patients in this study was suboptimal. Urgent measures such as improving medication adherence are warranted.
Five-Year Outcomes After Implantation of a Scaffold-Free Tissue-Engineered Construct Generated From Autologous Synovial Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Repair of Knee Chondral Lesions
Authors: Shimomura Kazunori , Ando Wataru , Hart David A. , Yonetani Yasukazu , Horibe Shuji , Nakamura Norimasa 
Published: August 2023

Background: In an earlier study, a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct (TEC) derived from autologous synovial membrane mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was developed and demonstrated to be safe and effective for cartilage repair at 2 years postoperatively. Purpose: To investigate clinical outcomes and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings at 5 years after implantation. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This was an observational first-in-human study limited to 5 patients (age, 28-46 years) with symptomatic knee chondral lesions (size, 1.5-3.0 cm2) on the medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, or femoral groove. Synovial MSCs were isolated from arthroscopic biopsy specimens and cultured to develop a TEC that matched the lesion size. The TECs were then implanted into chondral defects without fixation and assessed at up to 5 years postoperatively. The patients were clinically evaluated using the visual analog scale for pain, Lysholm score, Tegner score, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. An MRI scan evaluation was also performed for morphologic and compositional quality of the repair tissue at both 2 and 5 years of follow-up. Results: All clinical scores were significantly improved from the preoperative evaluation to the 2- and 5-year follow-ups and the results were stable over time. The MRI scan evaluation showed cartilage defects filled with newly generated tissues with good tissue integration to adjacent host cartilage over time. The cartilage thickness and surface smoothness of the repair cartilage were maintained up to 5 years postoperatively. The MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) 2.0 Knee Scores remained high at 5 years, although the total points decreased slightly. Conclusion: The results highlight the efficacy and feasibility of autologous scaffold-free TEC derived from synovial MSCs for regenerative cartilage repair via a sutureless and simple implantation procedure, showing good clinical outcomes and MRI findings with stable results at midterm follow-up. Further follow-up will be needed to assess the long-term quality of the repair tissue.
The Effect of a Flipped Classroom Learning Model Versus Traditional Lecture Model on Resident's Knowledge Acquisition for Atraumatic Back Pain in the Emergency Department
Authors: Dubey Elizebeth , Paxton James H. , Smylie Laura , Welch Robert D. , Messman Anne 
Published: August 2023

Objective The effectiveness of lecture-based (LB) formats for residency education has recently been challenged as the gold standard. Studies suggest a flipped classroom (FC) lecture improves resident satisfaction, but evidence that showing improved knowledge acquisition is lacking. To determine whether the flipped classroom model improves knowledge acquisition compared to traditional LB model. Methods Emergency medicine resident physicians at 2 academic programs were included in December 2019; at Sinai-Grace Hospital, a traditional lecture was the teaching method and at Detroit Receiving Hospital, FC was utilized. Residents completed prelecture and postlecture content tests. The primary outcome was change in test results (pretest to post-test). A noninferiority design comparing the changes between intervention and control groups was utilized (1-sided t-test, noninferiority margin of −0.5; 1-sided alpha = 0.05). Results Results were available for 31 residents (17 controls and 14 interventions) out of 83 enrolled. There were 14 postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1), 9 PGY-2, and 8 PGY-3 residents. The mean difference in score was +0.71 (SD 1.38) and +0.77 (SD 1.48) for the FC and LB groups, respectively. This resulted in a mean difference between groups of −0.05 (lower bound of the upper 95% confidence interval −0.93 and therefore crossing the noninferiority margin of −0.05; P = .20). Conclusions This study of resident education at 2 training programs was unable to demonstrate noninferiority of an FC format compared to standard lecture. Surprisingly, there was little improvement in test results after both teaching formats. Larger studies are needed to power results.
Magmatic and post-magmatic evolution of the Newania carbonatite complex, Rajasthan, north-western India
Authors: Singh Amritpaul , Mitchell Roger H. , Kaur Gurmeet , Sarma D. Srinivasa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work describes the mineralogy of dolomite carbonatite occurring at the Newania carbonatite complex, Rajasthan, north-western India. The mineralogy records the textural and compositional features of magmatic and post-magmatic stages of carbonatite evolution. Ferroan dolomite is the principal constituent and displays variable degrees of deformation, ranging from brittle-to-ductile deformation regimes. Apatite exhibits textural and compositional evolutionary trends from early-to-late stages of carbonatite evolution. Two varieties of amphibole are reported for the first time from this complex, ferri-winchite and cummingtonite; the former is magmatic and the latter is metamorphic in origin. The columbite–tantalite-series minerals are columbite-(Fe), and their paragenesis evolves from composite grains with pyrochlore to individual crystals. Pyrochlore is magmatic with U–Ta–Ti-rich compositions and shows evolution from calciopyrochlore to kenopyrochlore, followed by alteration during late-stages of carbonatite evolution. Monazite and baryte constitute the post-magmatic mineral assemblage; the former is hydrothermal and crystallised after precursor apatite, whereas the latter is associated exclusively with columbite–pyrochlore composites. On the basis of the mineralogy of the carbonatite, it is concluded that the parent magma was generated by low-degree partial melting of magnesite–phlogopite-bearing peridotite.
Mechanisms of initiation of cortical spreading depression
Authors: Vitale Marina , Tottene Angelita , Zarin Zadeh Maral , Brennan KC , Pietrobon Daniela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
There is increasing evidence from human and animal studies that cortical spreading depression (CSD) is the neurophysiological correlate of migraine aura and a trigger of migraine pain mechanisms. The mechanisms of initiation of CSD in the brain of migraineurs remain unknown, and the mechanisms of initiation of experimentally induced CSD in normally metabolizing brain tissue remain incompletely understood and controversial. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of CSD initiation by focal application of KCl in mouse cerebral cortex slices.

Methods
High KCl puffs of increasing duration up to the threshold duration eliciting a CSD were applied on layer 2/3 whilst the membrane potential of a pyramidal neuron located very close to the site of KCl application and the intrinsic optic signal were simultaneously recorded. This was done before and after the application of a specific blocker of either NMDA or AMPA glutamate receptors (NMDARs, AMPARs) or voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels. If the drug blocked CSD, stimuli up to 12–15 times the threshold were applied.

Results
Blocking either NMDARs with MK-801 or CaV channels with Ni2+ completely inhibited CSD initiation by both CSD threshold and largely suprathreshold KCl stimuli. Inhibiting AMPARs with NBQX was without effect on the CSD threshold and velocity. Analysis of the CSD subthreshold and threshold neuronal depolarizations in control conditions and in the presence of MK-801 or Ni2+ revealed that the mechanism underlying ignition of CSD by a threshold stimulus (and not by a just subthreshold stimulus) is the CaV-dependent activation of a threshold level of NMDARs (and/or of channels whose opening depends on the latter). The delay of several seconds with which this occurs underlies the delay of CSD initiation relative to the rapid neuronal depolarization produced by KCl.

Conclusions
Both NMDARs and CaV channels are necessary for CSD initiation, which is not determined by the extracellular K+ or neuronal depolarization levels per se, but requires the CaV-dependent activation of a threshold level of NMDARs. This occurs with a delay of several seconds relative to the rapid depolarization produced by the KCl stimulus. Our data give insights into potential mechanisms of CSD initiation in migraine.
Identification of radiomic biomarkers in a set of four skeletal muscle groups on Dixon MRI of the NAKO MR study
Authors: Fischer Marc , Küstner Thomas , Pappa Sofia , Niendorf Thoralf , Pischon Tobias , Kröncke Thomas , Bette Stefanie , Schramm Sara , Schmidt Börge , Haubold Johannes , Nensa Felix , Nonnenmacher Tobias , Palm Viktoria , Bamberg Fabian , Kiefer Lena , Schick Fritz , Yang Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, we propose a processing pipeline for the extraction and identification of meaningful radiomics biomarkers in skeletal muscle tissue as displayed using Dixon-weighted MRI. Diverse and robust radiomics features can be identified that may be of aid in the accurate quantification e.g. varying degrees of sarcopenia in respective muscles of large cohorts. As such, the approach comprises the texture feature extraction from raw data based on well established approaches, such as a nnU-Net neural network and the Pyradiomics toolbox, a subsequent selection according to adequate conditions for the muscle tissue of the general population, and an importance-based ranking to further narrow the amount of meaningful features with respect to auxiliary targets. The performance was investigated with respect to the included auxiliary targets, namely age, body mass index (BMI), and fat fraction (FF). Four skeletal muscles with different fiber architecture were included: the mm. glutaei, m. psoas, as well as the extensors and adductors of the thigh. The selection allowed for a reduction from 1015 available texture features to 65 for age, 53 for BMI, and 36 for FF from the available fat/water contrast images considering all muscles jointly. Further, the dependence of the importance rankings calculated for the auxiliary targets on validation sets (in a cross-validation scheme) was investigated by boxplots. In addition, significant differences between subgroups of respective auxiliary targets as well as between both sexes were shown to be present within the ten lowest ranked features by means of Kruskal-Wallis H-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests. The prediction performance for the selected features and the ranking scheme were verified on validation sets by a random forest based multi-class classification, with strong area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) of 73.03 ± 0.70 % and 73.63 ± 0.70 % for the water and fat images in age, 80.68 ± 0.30 % and 88.03 ± 0.89 % in BMI, as well as 98.36 ± 0.03 % and 98.52 ± 0.09 % in FF.