bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
xOpat: eXplainable Open Pathology Analysis Tool
Authors: Horák J. , Furmanová K. , Kozlíková B. , Brázdil T. , Holub P. , Kačenga M. , Gallo M. , Nenutil R. , Byška J. , Rusňák V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHistopathology research quickly evolves thanks to advances in whole slide imaging (WSI) and artificial intelligence (AI). However, existing WSI viewers are tailored either for clinical or research environments, but none suits both. This hinders the adoption of new methods and communication between the researchers and clinicians. The paper presents xOpat, an open‐source, browser‐based WSI viewer that addresses these problems. xOpat supports various data sources, such as tissue images, pathologists' annotations, or additional data produced by AI models. Furthermore, it provides efficient rendering of multiple data layers, their visual representations, and tools for annotating and presenting findings. Thanks to its modular, protocol‐agnostic, and extensible architecture, xOpat can be easily integrated into different environments and thus helps to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice. To demonstrate the utility of xOpat, we present three case studies, one conducted with a developer of AI algorithms for image segmentation and two with a research pathologist.
GO‐Compass: Visual Navigation of Multiple Lists of GO terms
Authors: Harbig T. , Paz M. Witte , Nieselt K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnalysis pipelines in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics commonly produce lists of genes, e.g., differentially expressed genes. Often these lists overlap only partly or not at all and contain too many genes for manual comparison. However, using background knowledge, such as the functional annotations of the genes, the lists can be abstracted to functional terms. One approach is to run Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses to determine over‐ and/or underrepresented functions for every list of genes. Due to the hierarchical structure of the Gene Ontology, lists of enriched GO terms can contain many closely related terms, rendering the lists still long, redundant, and difficult to interpret for researchers.In this paper, we present GO‐Compass (Gene Ontology list comparison using Semantic Similarity), a visual analytics tool for the dispensability reduction and visual comparison of lists of GO terms. For dispensability reduction, we adapted the RE‐VIGO algorithm, a summarization method based on the semantic similarity of GO terms, to perform hierarchical dispensability clustering on multiple lists. In an interactive dashboard, GO‐Compass offers several visualizations for the comparison and improved interpretability of GO terms lists. The hierarchical dispensability clustering is visualized as a tree, where users can interactively filter out dispensable GO terms and create flat clusters by cutting the tree at a chosen dispensability. The flat clusters are visualized in animated treemaps and are compared using a correlation heatmap, UpSet plots, and bar charts. With two use cases on published datasets from different omics domains, we demonstrate the general applicability and effectiveness of our approach. In the first use case, we show how the tool can be used to compare lists of differentially expressed genes from a transcriptomics pipeline and incorporate gene information into the analysis. In the second use case using genomics data, we show how GO‐Compass facilitates the analysis of many hundreds of GO terms. For qualitative evaluation of the tool, we conducted feedback sessions with five domain experts and received positive comments. GO‐Compass is part of the Tue‐Vis Visualization Server as a web application available at https://go‐compass‐tuevis.cs.uni‐tuebingen.de/
Unfolding Edges: Adding Context to Edges in Multivariate Graph Visualization
Authors: Bludau M.‐J. , Dörk M. , Tominski C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExisting work on visualizing multivariate graphs is primarily concerned with representing the attributes of nodes. Even though edges are the constitutive elements of networks, there have been only few attempts to visualize attributes of edges. In this work, we focus on the critical importance of edge attributes for interpreting network visualizations and building trust in the underlying data. We propose ‘unfolding of edges’ as an interactive approach to integrate multivariate edge attributes dynamically into existing node‐link diagrams. Unfolding edges is an in‐situ approach that gradually transforms basic links into detailed representations of the associated edge attributes. This approach extends focus+context, semantic zoom, and animated transitions for network visualizations to accommodate edge details on‐demand without cluttering the overall graph layout. We explore the design space for the unfolding of edges, which covers aspects of making space for the unfolding, of actually representing the edge context, and of navigating between edges. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we present two case studies in the context of historical network analysis and computational social science. For these, web‐based prototypes were implemented based on which we conducted interviews with domain experts. The experts' feedback suggests that the proposed unfolding of edges is a useful tool for exploring rich edge information of multivariate graphs.
Been There, Seen That: Visualization of Movement and 3D Eye Tracking Data from Real‐World Environments
Authors: Pathmanathan N. , Öney S. , Becher M. , Sedlmair M. , Weiskopf D. , Kurzhals K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe distribution of visual attention can be evaluated using eye tracking, providing valuable insights into usability issues and interaction patterns. However, when used in real, augmented, and collaborative environments, new challenges arise that go beyond desktop scenarios and purely virtual environments. Toward addressing these challenges, we present a visualization technique that provides complementary views on the movement and eye tracking data recorded from multiple people in real‐world environments. Our method is based on a space‐time cube visualization and a linked 3D replay of recorded data. We showcase our approach with an experiment that examines how people investigate an artwork collection. The visualization provides insights into how people moved and inspected individual pictures in their spatial context over time. In contrast to existing methods, this analysis is possible for multiple participants without extensive annotation of areas of interest. Our technique was evaluated with a think‐aloud experiment to investigate analysis strategies and an interview with domain experts to examine the applicability in other research fields.
The State of the Art in Visualizing Dynamic Multivariate Networks
Authors: Kale Bharat , Sun Maoyuan , Papka Michael E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMost real‐world networks are both dynamic and multivariate in nature, meaning that the network is associated with various attributes and both the network structure and attributes evolve over time. Visualizing dynamic multivariate networks is of great significance to the visualization community because of their wide applications across multiple domains. However, it remains challenging because the techniques should focus on representing the network structure, attributes and their evolution concurrently. Many real‐world network analysis tasks require the concurrent usage of the three aspects of the dynamic multivariate networks. In this paper, we analyze current techniques and present a taxonomy to classify the existing visualization techniques based on three aspects: temporal encoding, topology encoding, and attribute encoding. Finally, we survey application areas and evaluation methods; and discuss challenges for future research.
Altered gray‐to‐white matter tissue contrast in preterm‐born adults
Authors: Schmitz‐Koep Benita , Menegaux Aurore , Zimmermann Juliana , Thalhammer Melissa , Neubauer Antonia , Wendt Jil , Schinz David , Daamen Marcel , Boecker Henning , Zimmer Claus , Priller Josef , Wolke Dieter , Bartmann Peter , Sorg Christian , Hedderich Dennis M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate cortical organization in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of preterm‐born adults using percent contrast of gray‐to‐white matter signal intensities (GWPC), which is an in vivo proxy measure for cortical microstructure.MethodsUsing structural MRI, we analyzed GWPC at different percentile fractions across the cortex (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) in a large and prospectively collected cohort of 86 very preterm‐born (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight <1500 g, VP/VLBW) adults and 103 full‐term controls at 26 years of age. Cognitive performance was assessed by full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.ResultsGWPC was significantly decreased in VP/VLBW adults in frontal, parietal, and temporal associative cortices, predominantly in the right hemisphere. Differences were pronounced at 20%, 30%, and 40%, hence, in middle cortical layers. GWPC was significantly increased in right paracentral lobule in VP/VLBW adults. GWPC in frontal and temporal cortices was positively correlated with birth weight, and negatively with duration of ventilation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, GWPC in right paracentral lobule was negatively correlated with IQ (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWidespread aberrant gray‐to‐white matter contrast suggests lastingly altered cortical microstructure after preterm birth, mainly in middle cortical layers, with differential effects on associative and primary cortices.
A framework for linking hemispheric, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds
Authors: DeLuca William V. , Seavy Nathaniel E. , Grand Joanna , Velásquez‐Tibatá Jorge , Taylor Lotem , Bowler Cat , Deppe Jill L. , Knight Erika J. , Lentijo Gloria M. , Meehan Timothy D. , Michel Nicole L. , Saunders Sarah P. , Schillerstrom Nolan , Smith Melanie A. , Witko Chad , Wilsey Chad B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe conservation of migratory birds poses a fundamental challenge, their conservation requires coordinated action across the hemisphere, but those actions must be designed and implemented locally. To address this challenge, we describe a multilevel framework for linking broad‐scale, full annual cycle prioritizations to local conservation actions for migratory birds. We developed hemisphere‐scale spatial prioritizations for the full annual cycle of migratory birds that breed in six different ecosystems in North America. The full annual cycle prioritizations provide a hemispheric context within which regional priorities can be identified. Finer resolution, regional prioritizations can then inform local conservation actions more effectively. We describe the importance of local conservation practitioner contributions at each level of the process and provide two examples of regional spatial prioritizations that were developed to guide local action. The first example focused on coastal North and South Carolina, USA, and used information on marsh birds, shorebirds, ecological integrity, and co‐benefits for people to identify Cape Romain, South Carolina as a high‐priority site for conservation action. The second example in Colombia used information on migrant and resident birds to identify the Cauca Valley as a high‐priority site. The multilevel conceptual framework we describe is one pathway for identifying sites for implementation of local conservation actions that are guided by conservation priorities for migratory birds across their full annual cycle.
Striking a balance between ecological, economic, governance, and social dimensions in marine protected area network evaluations
Authors: Meehan Mairi C. , Singh Gerald G. , Ban Natalie C. , Devillers Rodolphe , Claudet Joachim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMarine protected area networks (MPANs) are promised as tools for protecting biodiversity and contributing to sustainable development. The variety of expected social‐ecological outcomes associated with MPANs underscores a need to consider ecological, economic, governance, and social dimensions in MPAN design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. However, little is known about how these four dimensions are considered or shaped by objectives. We conducted an online survey with MPAN managers, technical staff, and academics from across the globe (77 survey responses that described 48 MPANs located in 59 countries). Our findings confirmed that most MPANs have various co‐occurring, potentially conflicting objectives. MPANs with biodiversity and societal objectives considered attributes (e.g., human well‐being and economic distribution, institutional partnerships, and network‐specific ecological attributes) among all dimensions, with greater frequency than MPANs with only biodiversity objectives. Nonetheless, ecological attributes were always perceived as important irrespective of the MPAN objective. Reaching synergies between the multiple dimensions of MPANs can be challenging if dimensions get overlooked in MPAN evaluations. Identifying the important attributes considered in MPANs offers insight into the practice of MPAN design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation and can help improve MPAN success.
Surgical treatment of cervical (C7‐T1) instability caused by discospondylitis in a horse
Authors: Santos Marina M. , Martinez Javier , Mollenhauer Linda , Schulze‐Gronover Bernd , Lescun Timothy B. , Gudehus H. Timm 
Published: June 2023

SummaryDiscospondylitis is an inflammatory condition involving the vertebral bodies and is rarely reported in horses. Clinical signs are associated with neck stiffness and forelimb ataxia. In other species, treatment consists mainly of antibiotics coupled with non‐steroidal analgesics for a period of 3–12 weeks. An inadequate response to conservative treatment requires surgical intervention, but there is limited information in the literature regarding surgical management in large animals. A 3‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented for an approximately 4‐week history of generalised stiffness and reluctance to move. Computed tomography with myelogram revealed abnormalities consistent with discospondylitis at the level of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae (C7‐T1). The patient underwent cervical vertebral interbody fusion using a combination of compression of the vertebral bodies using cortical screws in lag fashion and a 4‐hole locking compression plate (LCP). The patient was discharged from the hospital with marked improvement. At the time of this report, 4 months after the procedure, the horse continues to show marked improvement in mobility and range of motion.
GREEN BOUGHS ON THE GRAVES: UNMOORING HERAT FROM IMPERIAL TIME
Authors: AHMED TANVIR 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to explore how popular historical knowledge disrupts the spacetimes produced by imperial power. To this end, I present my reading of a shrine guide that was composed by Asil al‐Din Waʿiz in 1460 and that documents the city of Herat's blessed dead. This work, the Maqsad al‐Iqbal, anchors Herat to space and time by both the graves of the city's myriad saints and the tales told about them locally. I investigate the ways in which the popular historical knowledge recorded in the Maqsad al‐Iqbal offers a counterpoint to the ideas of Herat's past that have been generated by dynastic chronicles, luxurious visual arts, and the grandeur of royal construction projects. I am interested not only in alternative historical visions themselves but in how nonelite productions of history resist easy adaptation into a hegemonic scheme and how the dead themselves are constantly at work in our narratives, breaking down every attempt at a singular, coherent past.
Doing family: Imprisoned parents as collaborators
Authors: Knutz Eva , Markussen Thomas , Minke Linda Kjær 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe focal point of this article is the design of a game‐based tool for dialogue (‘Dads’ Round’) developed in collaboration with the Danish Prison and Probation Service for a Parenting Program. The tool is unique insofar as it includes stories collected from prisoners’ children about their troubled relationship with their fathers. By evaluating the tool through interviews with incarcerated fathers, we demonstrate how they work together as peers to assess how such a tool works to help assume parenting roles during incarceration. Through the fathers’ statements, the stories they share and their collaborative scaffolding, we are able to identify the tool's potential effect on parenting practices as well as pinpoint strengths and weaknesses of the tool. Our study suggests that new notions of parenting and doing family must be carefully considered in the design of parenting programmes.
MnOx‐supported geopolymer pellets catalysts for low temperature NH3‐SCR: The effect of synthesized temperature
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Zhang Haohao , Zhang Huakang , Wang Yifei , Yang Lirong , Liu Zhigang , Feng Xiaoxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMnOx‐supported geopolymer pellets catalysts with 10 wt.% MnOX were prepared by hydrothermal impregnation method at different temperatures. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, BSEM/EDS, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2‐temperature programmed reduction, NH3‐temperature programmed desorption, in‐situ Diffuse reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the deNOx performances for low‐temperature NH3‐SCR were tested. The results show that the catalyst synthesized at 120°C (named as MG‐120°C) displays more excellent SCR activity than other catalysts. The NOx conversion efficiency of MG‐120°C catalyst is ∼90% at 120°C and ∼98% at 280°C, and more than 85% N2 selectivity of MG‐120°C catalyst can be obtained in the temperature range of 120–200°C. The MG‐120°C catalyst possesses better dispersion of MnOx, multivalent oxidation state of manganese on the surface, higher content of surface chemisorbed oxygen, and more Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites, which promote the reduction of NOx efficiently to proceed simultaneously by the Eley‐Rideal mechanism and the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanisms.
Additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fiber–reinforced silicon carbide ceramic composites
Authors: Liu Kai , Qiu Lei , Zhang Yuzhen , Du Yanying , Sun Ce , Zhang Song , Tu Rong , Wu Yanjiao , Sun Huajun , Shi Yusheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA material extrusion (MEX) technology has been developed for the additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fiber–reinforced silicon carbide ceramic (Cf/SiC) composites. By comparing and analyzing the rheological properties of the slurries with different compositions, a slurry with a high solid loading of 48.1 vol% and high viscosity was proposed. Furthermore, several complex structures of Cf/SiC ceramic composites were printed by this MEX additive manufacturing technique. Phenolic resin impregnation–carbonization process reduces the apparent porosity of the green body and protects the Cf. Finally, the reactive melting infiltration (RMI) process was used to prepare samples with different Cf contents from 0 to 2 K (a bundle of carbon fibers consisting of 1000 fibers). Samples with Cf content of 1 K show the highest bending strength (161.6 ± 10.5 MPa) and fracture toughness (3.72 ± 0.11 MPa·m1/2) while the thermal conductivity of the samples with the Cf content of 1 K reached 11.0 W/(m·K). This study provides a strategy to prepare Cf/SiC composites via MEX additive manufacturing and RMI.
Effects of enzymatic extrusion on the structure and physicochemical properties of oat flour and its application in oat milk production
Authors: Ren Xiaoru , Yang Yueyue , Liu Qing , Wang Yihui , Jin Zhengyu , Jiao Aiquan 
Published: June 2023

SummaryOat milk has received increasing attention because of its health benefits, however, the problems of easy sedimentation and deterioration of taste during storage are common problems faced by the industry. Enzymatic extrusion is a technology that combines high‐temperature, high‐pressure and high‐shear extrusion with enzymatic hydrolysis for rapid biological transformation of materials. To evaluate the feasibility of enzymatic extrusion to overcome these disadvantages, the effects of this technology on the physicochemical properties of oat flour and on the stability and sensory score of oat milk have been studied. The results showed that the water solubility index of the enzymatic extrusion sample (2‰ α‐amylase) increased by 37.64% (from 5.99% to 43.63%) and the reducing sugar content increased about 11 times (from 11.61 to 128.31 mg g−1) compared with original oat flour. The enzymatic extrusion samples were almost completely gelatinised and their viscosity and degree of order were significantly reduced. The rheological results indicated that the enzymatic extrusion samples exhibited greater viscous fluid characteristics. After enzymatic extrusion treatment, the stability of oat milk was significantly enhanced, sensory evaluation indicated a highest score of 7.29 on the 9‐point hedonic scale (2‰ α‐amylase). This study provides a new way to produce high‐quality oat milk.
Electrical property optimization of BaTiO3‐based lead‐free piezoceramics by chemical doping
Authors: Cai Enpei , Gu Huaizhang , Liu Qibin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPb‐free piezoceramics have become an inevitable trend in the development of piezoelectric materials due to their non‐toxic and environmentally friendly characteristics. In this work, theoretical designs combined with phase‐field simulations were used to prepare a novel lead‐free system, that is, a type of A‐site donor and B‐site donor‐acceptor compound dopant (Nd0.5Li0.5)(Li0.25Nb0.75)O3, which was added to the matrix of Ba(Hf0.02Ti0.98)O3 to tune its composition and optimize its electrical properties. The experimental results showed that the phase transition temperature between orthorhombic and tetragonal (TO‐T) was regulated near room temperature (RT), benefitting their electrical properties. Furthermore, improvements in piezoelectricity were related not only to the O‐T phase boundary constructed around RT but also to the enhancements in dielectricity and ferroelectricity. Excellent integrated electrical properties were obtained, which were accompanied by an increase in Curie temperature (TC) in the 0.10 mol% sample.
The usage and utility of body‐worn camera footage in courts: A survey analysis of state prosecutors
Authors: Petersen Kevin , Papy Donald , Mouro Alejandro , Ariel Barak 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite substantial recent developments in body‐worn camera (BWC) research, little is known about the effect of BWC footage on downstream criminal justice actors and agencies. Analyzing both quantitative and qualitative survey responses taken from state prosecutors in Miami‐Dade County (FL) in 2019, this study provides one of the most detailed examinations of prosecutors' experiences with BWC footage to date. Using descriptive analyses, ordinary least squares regressions, and structural equation modeling, we examine how the operational challenges associated with BWC footage affect the degree to which prosecutors use the footage and perceive it to be useful. Our results suggest that poor footage quality and delayed video transfer may limit the utility of BWC footage—and in turn—that lower perceptions of utility may reduce the formal usage of BWC footage in court. These findings differ across case‐processing stages, however, with transfer delay affecting the utility of BWC video for charging decisions and footage quality affecting the utility of BWC video across multiple case processing stages. Implications and policy recommendations based on these results are discussed.