bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Japanese Encephalitis: Emergence in Australia
Authors: McGuinness Sarah L. , Muhi Stephen , Britton Philip N. , Leder Karin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Recent changes in Japanese encephalitis (JE) distribution, including its emergence in mainland Australia, call for a review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this important disease.

Recent Findings
Climate change, urbanisation and changes in vector ecology have driven changes in JE epidemiology including expansion to new areas. Residents of and travellers to endemic areas face potential exposure risks. Surveillance gaps and diagnostic challenges lead to under-appreciation of the true disease burden. Treatment is supportive, but modern vaccines are safe and efficacious.

Summary
The recent emergence of JE in south-eastern Australia highlights its changing epidemiology and the threat this disease poses to other areas with largely naive human populations and with competent mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts. Awareness of disease features and diagnostic approaches is critical to case detection in travellers and endemic populations, and preventive measures including vaccination should be advised for those with exposure risk.
Localization and Registration of 2D Histological Mouse Brain Images in 3D Atlas Space
Authors: Sadeghi Maryam , Ramos-Prats Arnau , Neto Pedro , Castaldi Federico , Crowley Devin , Matulewicz Pawel , Paradiso Enrica , Freysinger Wolfgang , Ferraguti Francesco , Goebel Georg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo accurately explore the anatomical organization of neural circuits in the brain, it is crucial to map the experimental brain data onto a standardized system of coordinates. Studying 2D histological mouse brain slices remains the standard procedure in many laboratories. Mapping these 2D brain slices is challenging; due to deformations, artifacts, and tilted angles introduced during the standard preparation and slicing process. In addition, analysis of experimental mouse brain slices can be highly dependent on the level of expertise of the human operator. Here we propose a computational tool for Accurate Mouse Brain Image Analysis (AMBIA), to map 2D mouse brain slices on the 3D brain model with minimal human intervention. AMBIA has a modular design that comprises a localization module and a registration module. The localization module is a deep learning-based pipeline that localizes a single 2D slice in the 3D Allen Brain Atlas and generates a corresponding atlas plane. The registration module is built upon the Ardent python package that performs deformable 2D registration between the brain slice to its corresponding atlas. By comparing AMBIA’s performance in localization and registration to human ratings, we demonstrate that it performs at a human expert level. AMBIA provides an intuitive and highly efficient way for accurate registration of experimental 2D mouse brain images to 3D digital mouse brain atlas. Our tool provides a graphical user interface and it is designed to be used by researchers with minimal programming knowledge.
Reflection on China’s higher vocational education entrance examination: lessons from the imperial examination in modern China
Authors: Yang Yijun , Chia Yeow-Tong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe higher vocational education entrance examination is crucial not only for improving China’s vocational education system but also for promoting economic development. Although China has placed an unprecedented emphasis on reforming the higher vocational education entrance examination in recent years, this reform is still fraught with many challenges. Very few studies have attempted to draw lessons from history for China’s current reform of the higher vocational education entrance examination. This study fills this gap by examining the connections between the imperial examination and China’s vocational education during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic period to shed light on China’s current reform of higher vocational education entrance examination. The institutional logics theory has provided useful tools for this study. Drawing lessons from the past, this study makes the following suggestions: (1) the need to transform a social environment dominated by academic and official oriented institutional logics into a one that is more influenced by the logics of craftsmanship spirit; (2) the need to readjust the examination content for the higher vocational education entrance examination; and (3) the need to establish a national unified higher vocational education entrance examination system to ensure students’ equity and fairness. This study calls for more research on the imperial examination to shed light on the reform of China’s contemporary higher vocational education entrance examination.
Petrographic Studies of a Part of East Coast Bauxite Deposits, Odisha, Eastern India and Implication on their Genesis
Authors: Nayak Prasanta Kumar , Sinha Shailender Kumar , Sahoo Sudakshina , Mishra P.P. , Khaoash Somnath , Mohapatra Birendra Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The East coast bauxite deposits of Odisha are well known in the mineral map of India. Some such deposits exposed at Nunapaimali, Sasubohumali and Baphlimali overlying khondalite of the Precambrian Eastern Ghats belt have been studied in respect of petrology, mineralogy and microstructure with a view to find out their genetic evolution. Bore hole samples from two former deposits and mine profile samples from Baphlimali revealed a good profile differentiation, in terms of three horizontal zones of variable thickness, which in descending order are: 1 to 29m laterite zone, 2 to 28m bauxite zone, 9 to 36m saprolite zone, comprising of lithomarge and partially lateritised khondalite [PLK] developed over host khondalite. Petrographic and mineralogical difference between these three zones, brought out through optical microscopy and XRD studies, further confirms the differentiation. Genetic evolution of bauxite is interpreted from the study of a large number of samples and results are collated from the photomicrographs appended in the paper.
The authigenic bauxitisation was brought about by gradual dissociation of Al-silicate to Al-hydroxide minerals through different weathering cycles as indicated from their microstructural manifestations and mineral assemblages. Primary gibbsite is formed in the initial stage of weathering directly from Al-silicate minerals. Advanced stage of prolonged weathering converts the Al-silicate to kaolinite and then to secondary gibbsite. Grain size enlargement and recrystallisation showing mosaic habit, grain boundary migration and grain orientation are the outcome of digenesis. The weathering / lateritisation process continues, resulting in colloidal precipitation of gibbsite from pore water of lateritic residuum and is in progress even in recent period
The Fe-oxide phases, represented by goethite and hematite are youngest in the paragenesis, and formed due to solution, precipitation and dehydration. Iron is mostly contributed by almandine garnet present in the host khohdalite. During chemical leaching, Fe gets released from garnet and occur either as FeOOH along its fractures or fill the weak planes / inter-granular space as secondary goethite. The goethite dehydrates to hematite during digenesis. Goethitisation and limonitisation particularly in the laterite zone are the results of supergene alteration.
Spatiotemporal Analysis and Trend Detection of Groundwater Levels Using Gis Techniques in Nadia District of West Bengal, India
Authors: Aniket Baishya , Alivia Chowdhury , Rahul Chakrabarty , Sengupta Sudip , Das Anupam , Ambarnil Panda , Bhadoriya Uday Pratap Singh , Dipankar Mandal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Groundwater (GW) resources are influenced by several factors like over exploitation, geological formation, climate etc. A long-term GW level trend detection is necessary for sustainable groundwater usage planning in future. In the present study, long-term (1990-2013) spatio-temporal analysis of GW levels during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon was done to elucidate the GW level variation trends in Nadia. Results show that the groundwater levels dropped more than 2.5 m below ground level (bgl) in the central part of the district, however, this drop was less than 2.5 m (bgl) in the northern and southern part of the district. According to pre- and post-monsoon data, the average annual water level decreased beyond 3 m (bgl) in blocks of Tehatta II, Chapra and Chakdah. Average GW level at Krishnaganj and Chakdah, in pre-monsoon were 6.84 m (bgl) and 7.55 m (bgl) respectively, which was higher than the post-monsoon (4.20 m (bgl) and 4.43 m (bgl)). During post-monsoon except Karimpur-I, Krisnaganj (both negative trend) and Hashkali (no trend) and in pre-monsoon except Krisnaganj (negative trend) and Hashkali (no trend), all the other blocks had positive trend. The study reveals that the groundwater levels in the southeastern and northeastern regions of the district drops by more than 5 m bgl in pre-monsoon and more than 4 m bgl in post-monsoon. Such fluctuations of groundwater levels may have serious bearing on agricultural operations in this intensively cultivated and irrigated area.
Investigation of the Factor Structure and Differential Item Functioning of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM): Analysis of Data from a School-Based Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Sanders Amy , Gains Hayley , Baer Ruth , Ball Susan , Jones Benjamin , Banks Hazel , Melendez-Torres G. J. , Ukoumunne Obioha C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study used data from a randomised controlled trial of a school-based mindfulness programme in the UK to investigate the structure and performance of the 10-item Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM).

Method
The study included 7924 children and adolescents aged 11 to 14 years. Participants provided CAMM data at pre-intervention, 7 months (post-intervention) and 1 year. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of pre-intervention data was undertaken. Multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) models were fitted to pre-intervention responses to investigate differential item functioning across groups defined by gender, year group and ethnicity. Response shift resulting from receiving the mindfulness programme was investigated by fitting MIMIC models to compare item functioning between the intervention and control arms.

Results
EFA results indicated that the 2-factor model was a good fit. Eight items were associated with the first factor, while the remaining two items, which specifically addressed avoiding unwanted thoughts and feelings, were associated with the second factor. MIMIC model findings indicated that girls scored lower (ostensibly less mindful) on 4 items than boys that had the same latent level of mindfulness; as a result of receiving the mindfulness programme, participants scored lower on one item (“At school, I walk from class to class without noticing what I’m doing”) after holding latent level of mindfulness constant.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that the CAMM has a 2-factor structure in the UK in late childhood and early adolescence. While we did observe some differences in how individual items performed across groups, these differences were small compared to the overall variability in the CAMM scores.

Preregistration
Current controlled trials ISRCTN86619085.
Der rheumatologische Patient auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Schneeweiß-Gleixner Mathias , Bécède Manuel 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit systemischen rheumatischen Erkrankungen haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, im Laufe ihrer Erkrankung eine intensivmedizinische Betreuung in Anspruch nehmen zu müssen. Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden stellen dabei die häufigsten Krankheitsentitäten dar.Oft ist unklar, ob die Grunderkrankung per se im Rahmen einer Krankheitsexazerbation oder eine infektiologische Komplikation beispielsweise als Folge der laufenden Immunsuppression ursächlich für die akute Verschlechterung ist. Eine respiratorische Insuffizienz und der Kreislaufschock repräsentieren hierbei die häufigsten Aufnahmegründe, was sich auch in den zur Anwendung kommenden intensivmedizinischen Therapien (invasive Beatmung, Kreislaufunterstützung, extrakorporale Verfahren) widerspiegelt.Aufgrund der reduzierten Datenlage, der damit einhergehenden schlechten Charakterisierung dieses Patientengutes und wegen der Komplexität ihrer Erkrankung stellen Patienten mit systemischen rheumatologischen Erkrankungen eine große Herausforderung in der Behandlung auf der Intensivstation dar. Nur die Betreuung im multidisziplinären Setting mit Rheumatologen, Intensivmedizinern und Infektiologen kann hierbei zum besten Behandlungsergebnis führen.
Systematic comparison of advanced models of two- and three-parameter equations to model the imbibition recovery profiles in naturally fractured reservoirs
Authors: Zarin Taha , Sufali Ali , Ghaedi Mojtaba 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe imbibition process can be considered one of the most important mechanisms during the production of naturally fractured formations. In this process, the hydrocarbon production in the matrix blocks surrounded by water-filled fractures can be described by a recovery curve. Different equations have been proposed to describe the recovery process during the imbibition. This work presents a detailed analysis of the performance of two- and three-parameter models including Weibull, Probit, Logit-Hill, one-hit-multi-target (1HMT), and all-hit-multi-target (AHMT). These models were tested against different experimental and numerical simulation data in a wide range of rock and fluid properties and matrix dimensions. Particularly, the functionality of these models was examined in early, mid, and late times. It should be highlighted that the three-parameter models (1HMT and AHMT) have not been used previously to describe the imbibition data. The results show that the three-parameter models are more accurate to describe the imbibition recovery trends compared to the two-parameter models. Moreover, the analysis revealed that the AHMT model is better for the early-time data (Error = 0.5), the Logit-Hill model is more accurate for the mid-time data (Error = 0.075), and the Weibull model can best fit the late-time imbibition data (Error = 0.04). Finally, the best model for predicting the recovery factor in fractured reservoirs is model 1HMT because the lowest average RMSE (Root-Mean-Square Error) value of 0.0165 was obtained. The findings of this work can be used to more precisely select the model to curve fit the imbibition data.
Evaluation and assessment of clique arrangements for the estimation of omnipolar electrograms in high density electrode arrays: an experimental animal model study
Authors: Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel , Crespo Marina , Tormos Álvaro , Guill Antonio , Cebrián Antonio , Alberola Antonio , Heimer Jakob , Chorro Francisco J. , Millet José , Castells Francisco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh-density catheters combined with Orientation Independent Sensing (OIS) methods have emerged as a groundbreaking technology for cardiac substrate characterisation. In this study, we aim to assess the arrangements and constraints to reliably estimate the so-called omnipolar electrogram (oEGM). Performance was evaluated using an experimental animal model. Thirty-eight recordings from nine retrospective experiments on isolated perfused rabbit hearts with an epicardial HD multielectrode were used. We estimated oEGMs according to the classic triangular clique (4 possible orientations) and a novel cross-orientation clique arrangement. Furthermore, we tested the effects of interelectrode spacing from 1 to 4 mm. Performance was evaluated by means of several parameters that measured amplitude rejection ratios, electric field loop area, activation pulse width and morphology distortion. Most reliable oEGM estimations were obtained with cross-configurations and interelectrode spacings $$\le 2$$

≤
2

mm. Estimations from triangular cliques resulted in wider electric field loops and unreliable detection of the direction of the propagation wavefront. Moreover, increasing interelectrode distance resulted in increased pulse width and morphology distortion. The results prove that current oEGM estimation techniques are insufficiently accurate. This study opens a new standpoint for the design of new-generation HD catheters and mapping software.
Financing Disaster Risk Reduction: Exploring the Opportunities, Challenges, and Threats Within the Southern African Development Community Region
Authors: Coetzee Christo , Khoza Sizwile , Nemakonde Livhuwani D. , Shoroma Lesego B. , Wentink Gideon W. , Nyirenda Maynard , Chikuse Steven , Kamanga Tchaka , Maripe Kgosietsile , Rankopo Morenaogaufi J. , Mwansa Lengwe-Katembula , Van Niekerk Dewald 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, a regional economic body comprised of 16 member states, is one of our planet’s most vulnerable regions to natural hazards, and has a complex disaster risk profile. The region has sustained several disasters over the past decades. These events include annual floods in 2004–2019 and extreme droughts (1990–1993); other climate-induced disasters, such as cyclones, also have had devastating impacts, particularly on the Indian Ocean island states and east coast countries. To reduce the risk and impacts of disasters, governments must invest in disaster risk reduction (DRR). However, interventions aimed at reducing social and economic vulnerability and investing in long-term mitigation activities are often few, poorly funded, and insignificant in comparison with money spent on humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and post-disaster reconstruction. This study investigated whether DRR is adequately funded within SADC member states in light of the high stakes in human life, infrastructure, and economic losses and the potential savings involved. The study applied a qualitative research design with data collected through semistructured interviews and focus group discussions. Respondents were selected purposefully and through snowball sampling with a total of 67 respondents from Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe participating in the study. The study findings reveal that DRR is inadequately funded in all the member states consulted in comparison to funding allocated to disaster response. In light of the underfunding experienced by DRR activities, this study provides a platform for lobbying and advocacy for adequate funding for DRR.
Considerations for the Consumption of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in Athlete Populations
Authors: Peeling Peter , Sim Marc , McKay Alannah K. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVitamins and minerals are of fundamental importance to numerous human functions that are essential to optimise athlete performance. Athletes incur a high turnover of key vitamins and minerals and are therefore dependent on sufficient energy intake to replenish nutrient stores. However, many athletes are poor at servicing their energy replenishment needs, especially female athletes, and although a ‘food first approach’ to meeting nutrient requirements is the primary goal, it may be important for some athletes to consider a vitamin and/or mineral supplement to meet their daily needs. When working to determine if an athlete requires vitamin or mineral supplements, practitioners should use a robust framework to assess the overall energy requirements, current dietary practices and the biological and clinical status of their athletes. Of note, any supplementation plan should account for the various factors that may impact the efficacy of the approach (e.g. athlete sex, the nutrient recommended dietary intake, supplement dose/timing, co-consumption of other foods and any food–drug interactions). Importantly, there are numerous vitamins and minerals of key importance to athletes, each having specific relevance to certain situations (e.g. iron and B vitamins are significant contributors to haematological adaptation, calcium and vitamin D are important to bone health and folate is important in the female athlete); therefore, the appropriate supplement for a given situation should be carefully considered and consumed with the goal to augment an athlete’s diet.
Risk factors analysis and nomogram construction for postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures
Authors: Huang Jingbiao , Ge Heng’an , Zhu Xiaoping , Xue Chao , Su Qihang , Chen Xujuan , Cheng Biao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to predict the probability of postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures by developing and validating a precise model.

Methods
The clinical data of 1008 elderly hip fracture patients undergoing surgical treatment in Shanghai Tenth Peoples’ Hospital were retrospectively selected. A univariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to analyze the independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures. A risk prediction model was established, and a nomogram was drawn. The area under the ROC curve and Hosmer‒Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the predictive effect of the model.

Results
The multivariate regression analysis indicated that age > 73, time from fracture to surgery (d) > 4 days, smoking, ASA ≥ III level, COPD, hypoproteinemia, red cell distribution width > 14.8%, mechanical ventilation time > 180 min, and stay in the ICU were independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients. The AUCs of the model were 0.891 and 0.881, 0.843, respectively, in the two verification groups. For the Hosmer‒Lemeshow test, the P values were 0.726 in the modeling group and 0.497 and 0.231 in the verification group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Overall, this study uncovered different independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with hip fractures. The nomogram can effectively predict the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary infection.
Microbially Influenced Corrosion and its Control Measures: A Critical Review
Authors: Rao Padmalatha , Mulky Lavanya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCorrosion of materials, induced either by chemicals, or environmental factors or microbials is always a threat to industries. If remain unattended, it will have direct influence on environmental pollution. In recent years lot of work is reported on microbially influenced corrosion which is more prevalent in biotechnology and chemical engineering process industries. However, reports for preventive measures which are taken to mitigate microbially induced corrosion are highly limited. This review is an attempt to consolidate and make a systematic, up to date report on various control techniques that could be implemented to overcome microbially influenced corrosion. The review report opens up by highlighting the causes and concerns related to microbially influenced corrosion, and explains in detail mechanistic aspects of it. It provides in-depth view on attenuating microbially influenced corrosion by using synthetic compounds, green inhibitors, surface modifications, biofilm formation, and nano-particles. The review critically discusses the corrosion inhibition mechanism with merits and limitations of each microbially influenced corrosion inhibitors.