bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A System of Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe will introduce numerical methods for systems of ODEs by considering the celebrated FitzHugh-Nagumo model published by FitzHugh [1] in 1961 and, independently, by Nagumo et. al. [2] in 1962. The model is a system of ordinary differential equations with two unknowns, and is commonly used as a simple model for the action potentials of excitable pacemaker cells.
Membrane Models
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the previous chapters, we introduced techniques that can be used to find numerical solutions of differential equations. The examples we considered were simple, theoretical differential equations without units. From this point forwards, we will look at how to apply the methods introduced in the previous chapters to differential equations that are set up to model aspects of electrophysiology.
The Cable Equation
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn Chapter 6, we studied a simple version of the cable equation, where a diffusion term was added to the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. In this chapter, we will revisit the cable equation and go through a simple derivation of the model. In addition, we will consider the numerical solution of the cable equation for a neuronal axon with membrane dynamics modeled by the Hodgkin-Huxley model.
Multi-Augmentation Contrastive Learning as Multi-Objective Optimization for Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Li Xu , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently self-supervised learning is gaining popularity for Graph Neural Networks (GNN) by leveraging unlabeled data. Augmentation plays a key role in self-supervision. While there is a common set of image augmentation methods that preserve image labels in general, graph augmentation methods do not guarantee consistent graph semantics and are usually domain dependent. Existing self-supervised GNN models often handpick a small set of augmentation techniques that limit the performance of the model.In this paper, we propose a common set of graph augmentation methods to a wide range of GNN tasks, and rely on the Pareto optimality to select and balance among these possibly conflicting augmented versions, called Pareto Graph Contrastive Learning (PGCL) framework. We show that while random selection of the same set of augmentation leads to slow convergence or even divergence, PGCL converges much faster with lower error rate. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets of different domains and scales demonstrate superior or comparable performance of PGCL.
Zielstellung und Lösungsansatz: Kommunikative Chancen für Energie- und Rohstoffakzeptanz in Sachsen
Authors: Walter Stefanie 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAuf die kritische Reflexion des Stands des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses folgend, gilt es eine interdisziplinäre Thematik zu bearbeiten und die bestehenden Forschungslücken zu schließen. Dabei werden konkrete Zielstellungen verfolgt und anhand dieser das methodische Vorgehen abgeleitet. Dabei ist abzugrenzen, wie der Terminus Akzeptanz in dieser Arbeit verwendet und sein Ausprägungsgrad ermittelt wird. Um die Akzeptanzgenese positiv zu beeinflussen, müssen Kommunikationsmaßnahmen gruppiert und bewertet werden. Dies ermöglicht die systematische Aufbereitung der Ergebnisse und den Wissenstransfer in die Wirtschaft, der durch die Entwicklung einer Webapplikation geleistet werden soll.
Der Gründungsmythos der Interdisziplinarität und die Asymmetrie der Reflexionstheorie
Authors: Bora Alfons 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAus den bisherigen Überlegungen ist mit Blick auf die wenig erfolgreiche Entwicklung der Rechtssoziologie nach 1945 eine wissenschaftssoziologische These hervorgegangen. Sie besagt in ihrer vorläufigen und allgemeinen Form, dass die schwierige institutionelle Lage der Rechtssoziologie im deutschsprachigen Raum unter anderem ein Resultat spezifischer reflexionstheoretischer Konfigurationen ist. Das interdisziplinäre Feld der Rechtssoziologie, so war angenommen worden, hat keine reflexionstheoretisch nachhaltige Beschreibung seiner System-Umwelt-Relation hervorgebracht.
Responsive Interdisziplinarität – Aufbrüche und ungenutzte Chancen
Authors: Bora Alfons 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungWie Kap. 3 gezeigt hat, erwuchs aus der Jurisprudenz des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts ein reflexionstheoretisches Konzept doppelter Autonomie, das sich in Interdisziplinaritätsdiskursen der Indifferenz (Ehrlich), der sachlichen Hierarchie als Dominanz entweder der Jurisprudenz (Kantorowicz) oder der Soziologie (Marx, Durkheim, Tönnies) niederschlug, aber auch schon Ansätze stärker responsiven Denkens zu Tage förderte (Weber, Geiger). Während die von der Autonomisierung der Rechtswissenschaft geprägten Diskurse die Frage nach deren gesellschaftlicher Praxis auf die Soziologie externalisierten – die gerade dadurch ihrerseits an Autonomie gewann –, mündete diese neue Autonomie der Soziologie als Erfahrungswissenschaft überraschend schnell in die Auslagerung der rechtstheoretischen Praxisbezüge (Weber) oder blieb theoriegeschichtlich ohne nachhaltigen Einfluss (Geiger). Die Gründungsphase der Rechtssoziologie, das sollte in den bisherigen Überlegungen deutlich geworden sein, war deshalb geprägt von einer Gemengelage widersprüchlicher Reflexionsdiskurse, aus der sich keine Identität des interdisziplinären Feldes bilden konnte.
Potenziale einer responsiven Rechtssoziologie
Authors: Bora Alfons 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungWir haben bisher die diskursiven Entwicklungen rekonstruiert, die einerseits zur Schwäche der Rechtssoziologie in Deutschland mit beigetragen haben. Andererseits haben wir in diesen Diskursen die Spuren einer responsiven Rechtssoziologie identifizieren können, die sich aus nachvollziehbaren Gründen zunächst nicht durchgesetzt hat. Diese Gründe liegen, wie wir gesehen haben, in einer Konstellation konkurrierender Reflexionsdiskurse, welche die Ausformulierung einer responsiven Reflexionstheorie, eines symmetrischen Modells interdisziplinärer Kooperation, auch für die systemtheoretische Rechtssoziologie erschweren, obwohl diese über die theoriearchitektonischen Mittel dafür verfügt.
Subregion entropy for the doubly-holographic global black string
Authors: Karch Andreas , Perez-Pardavila Carlos , Riojas Marcos , Youssef Merna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the growth of entanglement entropy in a doubly holographic model of gravity for a spherical AdS black hole. Compared to previous work, which was limited to the case of planar black holes, this introduces an extra scale to the problem. This allows us to analyze the interplay between the reorganization of entanglement entropy due to island formation and the onset of the Hawking-Page phase transition and to find the appearance of a new critical black hole radius unrelated to the thermodynamics. We also find that the geometry of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface capturing the physics of islands exhibits drastically different behavior than in the planar case.
Towards a nonperturbative construction of the S-matrix
Authors: Henning Brian , Murayama Hitoshi , Riva Francesco , Thompson Jedidiah O. , Walters Matthew T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a nonperturbative recipe for directly computing the S-matrix in strongly-coupled QFTs. The method makes use of spectral data obtained in a Hamiltonian framework and can be applied to a wide range of theories, including potentially QCD. We demonstrate the utility of this prescription in the specific example of the 2+1d O(N) model at large N, using energy eigenstates computed with Hamiltonian truncation to reproduce the full 2 → 2 scattering amplitude for arbitrary (complex) center-of-mass energy.
Entanglement and expansion
Authors: Boutivas K. , Pastras G. , Tetradis N. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the entanglement entropy resulting from tracing out local degrees of freedom of a quantum scalar field in an expanding universe. It is known that when field modes become superhorizon during inflation they evolve to increasingly squeezed states. We argue that this causes the entanglement entropy to grow continuously as successive modes cross the horizon. The resulting entropy is proportional to the total duration of inflation. It is preserved during a subsequent radiation or matter dominated era, and thus it may be relevant for today’s universe. We demonstrate explicitly these features in a toy model of a scalar field in 1+1 dimensions.
Accelerating cosmology from Λ < 0 gravitational effective field theory
Authors: Antonini Stefano , Simidzija Petar , Swingle Brian , Van Raamsdonk Mark , Waddell Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A large class of Λ < 0 cosmologies have big-bang/big crunch spacetimes with time-symmetric backgrounds and asymptotically AdS Euclidean continuations suggesting a possible holographic realization. We argue that these models generically have time-dependent scalar fields, and these can lead to realistic cosmologies at the level of the homogeneous background geometry, with an accelerating phase prior to the turnaround and crunch. We first demonstrate via explicit effective field theory examples that models with an asymptotically AdS Euclidean continuation can also exhibit a period of accelerated expansion without fine tuning. We then show that certain significantly more tuned examples can give predictions arbitrarily close to a ΛCDM model. Finally, we demonstrate via an explicit construction that the potentials of interest can arise from a superpotential, thus suggesting that these solutions may be compatible with an underlying supersymmetric theory.
Universal thermal corrections to symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy and full counting statistics
Authors: Ghasemi Mostafa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the presence of a global symmetry, the entanglement entropy of a quantum system can be decomposed among the individual symmetry sectors, dubbed symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy. For a conformal field theory with Abelian symmetry, it obeys the equipartition theorem in the scaling limit, i.e., at the leading order, the entanglement is distributed equally between different symmetry sectors. In this work, we examine the thermal corrections to a single interval symmetry-resolved Rényi and entanglement entropies for two-dimensional conformal field theories on a circle. Using a low-temperature expansion of the thermal density matrix, we find that in addition to the mass gap and the degeneracy of the first excited state, these universal corrections depend also on the four-point correlation function of the primary fields. We also obtain thermal corrections to the full counting statistics of the ground state and define the probability fluctuations function which scales as $$ {e}^{-2\pi {\Delta}_{\psi}\beta /L} $$

e

−
2
π

Δ
ψ

β
/
L

, where ∆ψ is the scaling dimension of the lowest weight states. As an example, we explicitly evaluate the thermal corrections to the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy and FCS for the spinless fermions and find a term breaking entanglement equipartition at order (log l)−2.
On the universal behavior of $$ T\overline{T} $$-deformed CFTs: single and double-trace partition functions at large c
Authors: Apolo Luis , Song Wei , Yu Boyang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study universal properties of the torus partition function of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed CFTs under the assumption of modular invariance, for both the original version, referred to as the double-trace version in this paper, and the single-trace version defined as the symmetric product orbifold of double-trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed CFTs. In the double-trace case, we specify sparseness conditions for the light states for which the partition function at low temperatures is dominated by the vacuum when the central charge of the undeformed CFT is large. Using modular invariance, this implies a universal density of high energy states, in analogy with the behavior of holographic CFTs. For the single-trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation, we show that modular invariance implies that the torus partition function can be written in terms of the untwisted partition function and its modular images, the latter of which can be obtained from the action of a generalized Hecke operator. The partition function and the energy of twisted states match holographic calculations in previous literature, thus providing further evidence for the conjectured holographic correspondence. In addition, we show that the single-trace partition function is universal when the central charge of the undeformed CFT is large, without needing to assume a sparse density of light states. Instead, the density of light states is shown to always saturate the sparseness condition.
Investigation of the Immunogenic Properties of Ovalbumin Modified by Urban Airborne Particulate Matter
Authors: Nowak Bernadeta , Wądołek Anna , Mazuryk Olga , Poznańska Anna , Majzner Katarzyna , Majka Grzegorz , Oszajca Maria , Barańska Małgorzata , Stochel Grażyna , Marcinkiewicz Janusz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExposure to air particulate matter (PM) is linked to the blood oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether oxidative PM modification of ovalbumin (OVA), the major antioxidant serum protein, may alter its antigenicity and/or immunogenicity. Ovalbumin was exposed via dialysis to the standard urban PM (SRM 1648a) or to PM with removed organic content (encoded as LAP). Both structural changes and biological properties of PM-modified OVA were measured. T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (the major antigen-presenting cells) isolated from C57BL/6 and OT-II (323–339 epitope) OVA-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice were used to test the effect of PM on OVA immunogenicity. The immunogenicity of both SRM 1648a and LAP-modified OVA was significantly higher than that of control OVA, as measured by the epitope-specific T cell proliferation and interferon γ production by the stimulated cells. This effect was associated with mild oxidative changes in the carrier molecule outside the structure of the OVA epitope and with increased resistance to proteolysis of PM-modified OVA. Interestingly, dendritic cells showed enhanced capacity for the uptake of proteins when the cells were cultured with PM-modified OVA. Our results suggest that the enhanced immunogenicity of PM-modified OVA is not associated with altered antigenicity or antigen presentation. However, it may result from slower degradation and longer persistence of modified antigens in dendritic cells. Whether this phenomenon is associated with enhanced risk prevalence of autoimmune diseases observed in the areas with high urban PM pollution needs to be explained.
Analysis of stress development during kiln drying of beech timber
Authors: Majka Jerzy , Sydor Maciej 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBefore use, timber must have reduced moisture content. Kiln drying causes cracking risk. This study aims to evaluate the risk of cracking during the drying of beech wood samples using the response surface methodology. Additionally, we aim to develop an empirical model that describes critical tensile stress during the early drying stages and the air parameters commonly used in kiln-drying schedules for beech timber, specifically, the effects of dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and wet-bulb depression (WBD). Nine options of drying conditions were analyzed in the study according to the Central Composite Design assumptions; they were combinations of three options of DBT (30, 40, and 50 °C) and three options of WBD (4, 5, and 6 °C). During the experiments, tangential shrinkage of the wood samples was completely restrained with a load cell that measured generated tensile drying stresses. The results of the ANOVA analysis confirmed that the DBT is the only factor significantly influencing the tensile stress at failure (σf). The second-order effect between DBT and WBD has also been confirmed. The drying condition causing the highest risk of cracking was shown using the multiple contour plots of tensile stresses and the moisture content at failure (MCf). Reliability theory was used to predict the cracking risk of wood tissue. The analysis confirmed the dependence of the cracking risk of wood tissue on drying conditions. When DBT is equal to 30 °C, the cracking risk increases as the air relative humidity (RH) decreases. However, during the drying of beech wood samples at a temperature of 50 °C, decreasing the RH in a range corresponding to the increase of WBD from 4 to 6 °C reduces the cracking risk, which is indicated by the lower moisture content at failure (MCf) of the wood samples.
Graphical Abstract
Pilot study of a manualised mental health awareness and stigma reduction intervention for Black faith communities in the UK: ON TRAC project
Authors: Codjoe Louisa , N’Danga-Koroma Joelyn , Henderson Claire , Lempp Heidi , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Building partnerships between mental health services and Black faith communities to co-produce culturally tailored interventions is an essential step towards improving access to services and reducing stigma among the Black population. Given that Black faith organisations are considered a primary source of emotional and psychological support they are well positioned as ‘gatekeepers’ for services, to overcome barriers to engagement and build trusting relationships with the Black community. The aim of this paper is to pilot a manualised mental health awareness and stigma reduction intervention for Black faith communities in the UK, and to make an initial assessment of feasibility, acceptability and outcomes.

Methods
This study employed a mixed methods pre–post-design, based upon the Medical Research Council Framework (MRC) for complex interventions, and the Implementation Science Research Development.

Results
The qualitative assessments indicate that the intervention was found overall to be acceptable and feasible to the Black faith community population. This pilot study did not find statistically significant changes for the Mental Health Knowledge schedule (MAKS), Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS), intended help-seeking or willingness to disclose (Attitudes to Mental Illness Survey) measures. However, the direction of all the non-significant changes in these measures suggests positive changes in mental health knowledge, a reduction in participants’ desire for social distance, and greater willingness to disclose personal experiences of mental health problems. A statistically significant improvement in the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) scale results indicated a lower level of stigmatising attitudes towards people with lived experience of mental health conditions (PWLE), and an increase in tolerance and support towards PWLE after the intervention. Significant improvement in the willingness to disclose measure suggests increased preparedness to seek help amongst participants, a lesser desire for social distance, and greater willingness to engage with PWLE after the intervention. Three key themes, including 9 subthemes were identified from the qualitative data analysis: (i) initial implementation and intention to adopt; (ii) perceived suitability and usefulness of intervention to address cultural issues relating to mental health in the Black community; and (iii) strengthening the capacity of faith leaders.

Conclusions
This ON TRAC pilot study shows that the intervention was feasible and acceptable, and that it has promising positive impacts and next requires larger scale evaluation. These results demonstrate that the intervention was a culturally acceptable way to potentially increase mental health awareness and reduce stigma in Black faith communities.

Trial registration
ISRCTN12253092.
ESSKA and EBJIS recommendations for the management of infections after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL‐R): prevention, surgical treatment and rehabilitation
Authors: Pérez‐Prieto Daniel , Totlis Trifon , Madjarevic Tomislav , Becker Roland , Ravn Christen , Monllau Juan C. , Renz Nora 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeInfection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL‐R) is a rare but severe complication. Despite an increase in articles published on this topic over the last decade, solid data to optimized diagnostic and therapeutic measures are scarce. For this reason, the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) and the European Society for Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA) collaborated in order to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and management of infections after ACL‐R. The aim of the workgroup was to perform a review of the literature and provide practical guidance to healthcare professionals involved in the management of infections after ACL‐R.MethodsAn international workgroup was recruited to provide recommendations for predefined clinical dilemmas regarding the management of infections after ACL‐R. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases were searched for evidence to support the recommended answers to each dilemma.ResultsThe recommendations were divided into two articles. The first covers etiology, prevention, diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment of septic arthritis following ACL‐R and is primarily aimed at infectious disease specialists. This article includes the second part of the recommendations and covers prevention of infections after ACL‐R, surgical treatment of septic arthritis following ACL‐R and subsequent postoperative rehabilitation. It is aimed not only at orthopedic surgeons, but at all healthcare professionals dealing with patients suffering from infections after ACL‐R.ConclusionThese recommendations guide clinicians in achieving timely and accurate diagnosis as well as providing optimal management, both of which are paramount to prevent loss of function and other devastating sequelae of infection in the knee joint.Level of evidenceV.
Temporary refugee protection and labor-market outcomes
Authors: Kilström Matilda , Larsen Birthe , Olme Elisabet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study a Danish reform in 2002 that lowered the ex-ante probability of refugees receiving permanent residency by prolonging the period before they were eligible to apply for such residency. Adherence to the new rules was determined by the date of the asylum application, and the reform was implemented retroactively. Using registry-based micro data, we study the effects on labor-market outcomes and investments in education. While proponents of temporary protection regimes argue that stronger incentives to qualify for residency based on labor-market attachment will speed up the labor-market integration, we find no evidence of positive effects on labor-market outcomes.