bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human gingival mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes cross‐regulate the Wnt/β‐catenin and NF‐κB signalling pathways in the periodontal inflammation microenvironment
Authors: Hu Yingzhe , Wang Zhiguo , Fan Chun , Gao Pengyu , Wang Wenxuan , Xie Yutong , Xu Quanchen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the immunomodulatory effect of exosomes originating from gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC‐Exo) on periodontal bone regeneration and its role in the regulation of the nuclear‐factor kappaB (NF‐κB) and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways in the periodontal inflammatory microenvironment.Materials and MethodsFirst, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were treated with GMSC‐Exo or Porphyromonas gingivalis‐derived lipopolysaccharide (P.g‐LPS) in vitro. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blot were carried out to detect the expressions of osteogenic differentiation‐related factors in cells. Further, PDLSCs were treated with P.g‐LPS or inhibitors. The expression of NF‐κB pathway‐related factors as well as of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related factors were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot.ResultsGMSC‐Exo treatment promoted the expression of osteogenic differentiation‐related factors within PDLSCs in both normal and inflammatory environments. Further investigations showed that GMSC‐Exo could also inhibit the P.g‐LPS‐induced activation of the NF‐κB pathway, leading to the up‐regulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. When the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling was blocked, the inhibitory effect of GMSC‐Exo on the NF‐κB pathway was abolished.ConclusionsGMSC‐Exo could promote the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. There could be mutually exclusive regulatory roles between the NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathways in a periodontal inflammatory environment. GMSC‐Exo exhibited an effective cross‐regulation ability for both pathways.
The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean
Authors: Mitra Aditee , Caron David A. , Faure Emile , Flynn Kevin J. , Leles Suzana Gonçalves , Hansen Per J. , McManus George B. , Not Fabrice , do Rosario Gomes Helga , Santoferrara Luciana F. , Stoecker Diane K. , Tillmann Urban 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtist plankton are major members of open‐water marine food webs. Traditionally divided between phototrophic phytoplankton and phagotrophic zooplankton, recent research shows many actually combine phototrophy and phagotrophy in the one cell; these protists are the “mixoplankton.” Under the mixoplankton paradigm, “phytoplankton” are incapable of phagotrophy (diatoms being exemplars), while “zooplankton” are incapable of phototrophy. This revision restructures marine food webs, from regional to global levels. Here, we present the first comprehensive database of marine mixoplankton, bringing together extant knowledge of the identity, allometry, physiology, and trophic interactivity of these organisms. This mixoplankton database (MDB) will aid researchers that confront difficulties in characterizing life traits of protist plankton, and it will benefit modelers needing to better appreciate ecology of these organisms with their complex functional and allometric predator–prey interactions. The MDB also identifies knowledge gaps, including the need to better understand, for different mixoplankton functional types, sources of nutrition (use of nitrate, prey types, and nutritional states), and to obtain vital rates (e.g. growth, photosynthesis, ingestion, factors affecting photo’ vs. phago’ ‐trophy). It is now possible to revisit and re‐classify protistan “phytoplankton” and “zooplankton” in extant databases of plankton life forms so as to clarify their roles in marine ecosystems.
The Pollution Premium
Authors: HSU PO‐HSUAN , LI KAI , TSOU CHI‐YANG 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the asset pricing implications of industrial pollution. A long‐short portfolio constructed from firms with high versus low toxic emission intensity within an industry generates an average annual return of 4.42%, which remains significant after controlling for risk factors. This pollution premium cannot be explained by existing systematic risks, investor preferences, market sentiment, political connections, or corporate governance. We propose and model a new systematic risk related to environmental policy uncertainty. We use the growth in environmental litigation penalties to measure regime change risk and find that it helps price the cross section of emission portfolios' returns.
The bruxism screener (BruxScreen): Development, pilot testing and face validity
Authors: Lobbezoo Frank , Ahlberg Jari , Verhoeff Merel C. , Aarab Ghizlane , Bracci Alessandro , Koutris Michail , Nykänen Laura , Thymi Magdalini , Wetselaar Peter , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo assess awake and sleep bruxism, the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) is currently being developed. The STAB will be a comprehensive tool for the detailed assessment of bruxism behaviour itself as well as of its possible consequences, causes, and comorbid conditions.ObjectiveSince the STAB cannot fully meet the ‘A4 principle’ for a bruxism assessment tool, i.e., being Accurate (reliable and valid), Applicable (feasible), Affordable (cost‐effective), and Accessible (suitable for everyday clinical use), the Bruxism Screener (BruxScreen) has been developed to be used in large‐scale epidemiological research projects and, especially, in general, dental practices.MethodsThe BruxScreen consists of two parts: a questionnaire (BruxScreen‐Q) to be completed by patients, and a clinical assessment form (BruxScreen‐C) to be completed by dentists.ResultsThis paper describes the development of the BruxScreen and provides the outcomes of the pilot testing phase and the face validity assessment (i.e. that the first impressions of the tool indicate that it adequately reflects the construct to be measured).ConclusionThe resulting BruxScreen is considered ready for more profound psychometric testing in the general dental setting.
Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya After the Arab Spring
Authors: Oztig Lacin Idil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes the political transitions in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya after the Arab Spring. While they share similarities regarding the overthrow of their long‐lasting regimes, each country followed different trajectories. Early in the process, Tunisia underwent a smooth transformation, while Egypt witnessed intense polarization following the electoral success of the Muslim Brotherhood—and authoritarianism with the military coup two years later. Different from those two, Libya came to the brink of failure with a civil war, and the country still suffers from rampant violence. The article contends that Tunisia's success in the transition toward democracy lies in its relative homogeneity, consensus‐building, and civil‐military relations. The focus of the article is on the initial transitions. Tunisia's process appears to have stalled, and future study will be required to understand how such states can consolidate their democratic transitions.
Creating theory: Encouragement for using creativity and deduction in qualitative nursing research
Authors: Bergdahl Elisabeth , Berterö Carina M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTexts about theory in nursing often refer to theory construction by using inductive methods in a rigid way. In this paper, it is instead argued that theories are created, which is in line with most philosophers of science. Theory creation is regarded as a creative process that does not follow a specific method or logic. As in any creative endeavour, the inspiration for theory creation can come from many sources, including previous research and existing theory. The main idea put forward is that deductive qualitative research approaches should play a key role in theory creation. Furthermore, there is a need to differentiate between theory creation and theory justification. A model that emphasizes the creative aspects of theory creation and theory justification using qualitative approaches is presented. The model suggests that knowledge development is a deductive trial‐and‐error process where theory creation is followed by testing. Scientific theory creation and justification are presented as an iterative process that is deductive in that a testable hypothesis is derived from the theory. If the hypothesis is falsified, then the theory needs modification or might be altogether wrong. Several factors can block the creative process, both in theory development and in finding ways to test a theory in the justification phase. Some of these blockers are the idea of ‘building blocks’ and the inductive view of science often brought forward in nursing. Other blockers include striving for consensus and adherence to existing nursing philosophies and existing theories. Research and knowledge development are creative processes, and following predefined methods is not enough to ensure scientific rigour in qualitative nursing research.
Can we predict orthodontic extraction patterns by using machine learning?
Authors: Leavitt Landon , Volovic James , Steinhauer Lily , Mason Taylor , Eckert George , Dean Jeffrey A. , Dundar M. Murat , Turkkahraman Hakan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the utility of machine learning (ML) in accurately predicting orthodontic extraction patterns in a heterogeneous population.Materials and MethodsThe material of this retrospective study consisted of records of 366 patients treated with orthodontic extractions. The dataset was randomly split into training (70%) and test sets (30%) and was stratified according to race/ethnicity and gender. Fifty‐five cephalometric and demographic input data were used to train and test multiple ML algorithms. The extraction patterns were labelled according to the previous treatment plan. Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were used to predict the patient's extraction patterns.ResultsThe highest class accuracy percentages were obtained for the upper and lower 1st premolars (U/L4s) (RF: 81.63%, LR: 63.27%, SVM: 63.27%) and upper 1st premolars only (U4s) extraction patterns (RF: 61.11%, LR: 72.22%, SVM: 72.22%). However, all methods revealed low class accuracy rates (<50%) for the upper 1st and lower 2nd premolars (U4/L5s), upper 2nd and lower 1st premolars (U5/L4s), and upper and lower 2nd premolars (U/L5s) extraction patterns. For the overall accuracy, RF yielded the highest percentage with 54.55%, followed by SVM with 52.73% and LR with 49.09%.ConclusionAll tested supervised ML techniques yielded good accuracy in predicting U/L4s and U4s extraction patterns. However, they predicted poorly for the U4/L5s, U5/L4s, and U/L5s extraction patterns. Molar relationship, mandibular crowding, and overjet were found to be the most predictive indicators for determining extraction patterns.
A place‐based risk appraisal model for exploring residents’ attitudes toward nature‐based solutions to flood risks
Authors: Han Sungju , Bubeck Philip , Thieken Annegret , Kuhlicke Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNature‐based solutions (NBS) have gained popularity as a sustainable and effective way of dealing with increasing flood risks. One of the key factors that often hinders the successful implementation of NBS is residents’ opposition to their implementation. In this study, we argue that the place where a hazard exists should be considered a critical contextual factor alongside flood risk appraisals and perceptions of NBS themselves. We have developed a theoretical framework—the “Place‐based Risk Appraisal Model (PRAM)”—that draws on constructs inspired by theories of place and risk perception. A citizen survey (n = 304) was conducted in five municipalities in Saxony‐Anhalt, Germany, where dike relocation and floodplain restoration projects have been conducted along the Elbe River. Structural equation modeling was adopted to test the PRAM. Attitudes toward the projects were assessed in terms of “perceived risk‐reduction effectiveness” and “supportive attitude.” With regard to risk‐related constructs, well‐communicated information and perceived co‐benefits were consistently positive factors for both perceived risk‐reduction effectiveness and supportive attitude. Trust in local flood risk management was a positive and threat appraisal a negative predictor of perceived risk‐reduction effectiveness affecting “supportive attitude” only through “perceived risk‐reduction effectiveness.” Regarding place attachment constructs, place identity was a negative predictor of a supportive attitude. The study emphasizes that risk appraisal, pluralities of place contexts to each individual, and their relations are key for determining attitudes toward NBS. Understanding these influencing factors and their interrelationships enables us to provide theory‐ and evidence‐based recommendations for the effective realization of NBS.
Is higher physical fitness associated with better psychological health in young pediatric cancer survivors? A cross‐sectional study from the iBoneFIT project
Authors: Rodriguez‐Solana Andrea , Gracia‐Marco Luis , Llorente‐Cantarero Francisco J. , Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Marmol‐Perez Andres , Gil‐Cosano Jose J. , Moliner‐Urdiales Diego , Ubago‐Guisado Esther 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of self‐perceived and objectively‐measured physical fitness with psychological well‐being and distress indicators in young pediatric cancer survivors.Materials and MethodsA total of 116 participants (12.1 ± 3.3 years, 56.9% boys) from the iBoneFIT project participated in this cross‐sectional study. Objectively‐measured physical fitness (muscular fitness) was obtained by handgrip strength and standing long jump tests for the upper and lower body, respectively. Self‐perceived physical fitness was obtained by the International Fitness Scale (IFIS). Positive and negative affect were assessed by the positive affect schedule for children (PANAS‐C), happiness by Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), optimism by Life Orientation Test‐Revised (LOT‐R), self‐esteem by the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSE), anxiety by State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC‐R), and depression by Children Depression Inventory (CDI). Multiple linear regressions adjusted by key covariates were performed to analyze associations.ResultsNo associations were found between objectively‐measured muscular fitness and any of the psychological well‐being and distress indicators (p > 0.05). Self‐perceived overall fitness and flexibility were positively associated with positive affect (β ≥ 0.258, p < 0.05). Self‐perceived cardiorespiratory fitness, speed/agility, and flexibility were negatively associated with depression (β ≥ −0.222, p < 0.05). Finally, self‐perceived cardiorespiratory fitness was also negatively associated with anxiety and negative affect (β ≥ −0.264, p < 0.05).ConclusionsPerceived physical fitness, but not objectively physical fitness, seems to be inversely related to psychological distress variables and to less extent positively related to psychological well‐being. The findings from this study highlight the importance of promoting self‐perceived fitness in the pediatric oncology population.
Faithful invariant random subgroups in acylindrically hyperbolic groups
Authors: Glasner Yair , Hase Anton 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBuilding on work from Sun and Kechris‐Quorning, we prove that every acylindrically hyperbolic group admits a weakly mixing probability measure preserving action which is faithful but not essentially free. In other words, admits a weakly mixing nontrivial faithful IRS. We also prove that every nonelementary hyperbolic group admits a characteristic random subgroup with the same properties.
A Novel Algorithm for Fast Measurement of Material Density in Symmetrical Objects Using X-Ray Radiography
Authors: Sinha Vaibhav , Strantz Frank Angelo , Lee Hyoung Koo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractX-ray radiography has proved to be essential in medical imaging and examination of material structures because it is noninvasive and generates images based on well-understood attenuation characteristics of materials. For radiographs of multiple overlapping materials, unraveling the individual attenuation contributions poses a problem that is commonly handled by either taking many radiographs at different object orientations for computed tomography or multiple images with different photon energies for Multiple Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (MEXA). Alternatively, to perform faster measurements, a novel algorithm has been developed to determine multimaterial systems' density. The algorithm can be effectively applied to perform measurements using only one to four radiographs of the object. A case study has been presented for a layered cylindrical object that involved sensitivity studies on image noise, X-ray generator voltage fluctuations, layer thickness measurement perturbations, and X-ray generator photon energy distribution fluctuations using simulated radiographs and density calculations using actual radiographs. The results from the simulated and experimental results were found to agree with actual density values.
ATHENA Main Heat Exchanger Conceptual Design and Thermal-Hydraulic Assessment With RELAP5 Code
Authors: Del Moro Tommaso , Lorusso Pierdomenico , Giannetti Fabio , Tarantino Mariano , Caramello Marco , Mazzi Daniele , Constantin Marin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Among the envisaged experimental infrastructures supporting ALFRED reactor development, Fostering Alfred Construction consortium identified ATHENA as one of the facilities to address the pool thermal-hydraulic challenges and demonstrate the feasibility of the revised ALFRED configuration, along with the thermal-hydraulic performances of its main components. ATHENA is a large pool-type lead-cooled multipurpose experimental facility featuring a large size vessel (3.2 m diameter, 10 m in height), conceived to host almost 800 tons of lead to test ALFRED relevant scaled components. The test section to be installed in the main vessel includes an electrically heated core simulator (CS), made of 7 FAs, which delivers to the primary coolant a nominal thermal power of 2210 kW, a main coolant pump for lead circulation, and a countercurrent shell and tubes main heat exchanger, which tube bundle is fed by pressurized water by a dedicated secondary circuit. A preliminary analytical calculation has been performed to identify the most suitable configuration for the ATHENA heat exchanger, as well as to achieve a preliminary sizing of the component. The final layout foresees a bundle of 91 bayonet tubes, arranged in a cylindrical geometry, having an active length of 3000 mm and adopting an external double wall tube with a pressurized helium gap. A numerical model of the heat exchanger has been developed using the thermal-hydraulic system code RELAP5/Mod3.3, and a numerical sensitivity analysis on the geometrical and operating parameters has been carried out to verify the performances of the component.
Hydrogen Loading System for Thin Films for Betavoltaics
Authors: Cheu Darrell , Adams Thomas , Revankar Shripad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Betavoltaics are direct conversion energy devices that are ideal for low power and long-lasting, uninterruptable applications. Betavoltaics operate similarly to photovoltaics where a radio isotope irradiates beta particles into a semiconductor p-n junction that converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy. Betavoltaics are limited by their power output from the radio isotope. However, the source power density can be increased by the selection of solid-state substrates. While tritium absorbing substrates can be simulated to estimate tritium absorption levels and surface emission energies, their viability has to be physically evaluated. A state-of-the-art hydrogen loading system developed by our research group was used to evaluate different film types to understand how they perform during the hydrogen/tritium loading process. The hydrogen loading system utilizes the Sievert technique, where the temperature and volume is constant and pressure drop of the system is used to determine hydrogen uptake of a film substrate. The hydrogen loading system procedure was verified using 250 nm thick palladium films at three loading temperatures. Results clearly show uptake of hydrogen by the thin palladium films accurate to the ideal stoichiometric ratio of one hydrogen atom to host palladium atom.
High Gain and Wideband Antenna-in-Package Solution Using Fan-Out Technology
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Wang Qian , Xia Chenhui , Zhou Chaojie , Wang Gang , Cai Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe technology of fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) has been widely adopted for millimeter wave antenna-in-package (AiP) system integration with low interconnection parasitic parameters. Present AiP solutions using FOWLP technology generally form antenna pattern on redistribution layer, which brings design inconvenience. In our work, a low-cost printed circuit board RO4350B laminate for substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna with a relatively large size is integrated, forms a three-dimensional stacked structure. The AiP employs a right-angle transition board embedded in epoxy molding compound (EMC), which transmits millimeter-wave signal to the SIW antenna stacked on the backside of EMC. The SIW antenna consists of 4 × 4 radiation slots with modified magneto-electric dipole for bandwidth enhancement. The measured gain is 14dBi at 60 GHz with bandwidth beyond 55–65 GHz. The three-dimensional AiP structure improves heat dissipation, no extra thermal design is needed for applications under 0.5 W mm-wave chip power consumption. The AiP module is manufactured and measured on the test board. The proposed approach is a convenient solution for wide band and high gain millimeter wave AiP system integration.
Data-Driven Dynamical System Models of Roughness-Induced Secondary Flows in Thermally Stratified Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Hansen Christoffer , Yang Xiang I. A. , Abkar Mahdi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe goal of this work is to investigate the feasibility of constructing data-driven dynamical system models of roughness-induced secondary flows in thermally stratified turbulent boundary layers. Considering the case of a surface roughness distribution which is homogeneous and heterogeneous in the streamwise and spanwise directions, respectively, we describe the streamwise averaged in-plane motions via a stream function formulation, thereby reducing the number of variables to the streamwise velocity component, an appropriately introduced stream function, and the temperature. Then, from the results of large eddy simulations, we perform a modal decomposition of each variable with the proper orthogonal decomposition and further utilize the temporal dynamics of the modal coefficients to construct a data-driven dynamical system model by applying the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy). We also present a novel approach for enforcing spanwise reflection symmetry within the SINDy framework to incorporate a physical bias.