bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid natural language processing tool for semantic annotation of medical texts in Spanish
Authors: Campillos-Llanos Leonardo , Valverde-Mateos Ana , Capllonch-Carrión Adrián 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Natural language processing (NLP) enables the extraction of information embedded within unstructured texts, such as clinical case reports and trial eligibility criteria. By identifying relevant medical concepts, NLP facilitates the generation of structured and actionable data, supporting complex tasks like cohort identification and the analysis of clinical records. To accomplish those tasks, we introduce a deep learning-based and lexicon-based named entity recognition (NER) tool for texts in Spanish. It performs medical NER and normalization, medication information extraction and detection of temporal entities, negation and speculation, and temporality or experiencer attributes (Age, Contraindicated, Negated, Speculated, Hypothetical, Future, Family_member, Patient and Other). We built the tool with a dedicated lexicon and rules adapted from NegEx and HeidelTime. Using these resources, we annotated a corpus of 1200 texts, with high inter-annotator agreement (average F1 = 0.841% ± 0.045 for entities, and average F1 = 0.881% ± 0.032 for attributes). We used this corpus to train Transformer-based models (RoBERTa-based models, mBERT and mDeBERTa). We integrated them with the dictionary-based system in a hybrid tool, and distribute the models via the Hugging Face hub. For an internal validation, we used a held-out test set and conducted an error analysis. For an external validation, eight medical professionals evaluated the system by revising the annotation of 200 new texts not used in development.

Results
In the internal validation, the models yielded F1 values up to 0.915. In the external validation with 100 clinical trials, the tool achieved an average F1 score of 0.858 (± 0.032); and in 100 anonymized clinical cases, it achieved an average F1 score of 0.910 (± 0.019).

Conclusions
The tool is available at https://claramed.csic.es/medspaner . We also release the code (https://github.com/lcampillos/medspaner) and the annotated corpus to train the models.
Effective BCDNet-based breast cancer classification model using hybrid deep learning with VGG16-based optimal feature extraction
Authors: P. Meenakshi Devi , A. Muna , Ali Yasser , V. Sumanth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Problem
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women, and early detection is crucial for improving survival rates. The manual breast cancer diagnosis utilizes more time and is subjective. Also, the previous CAD models mostly depend on manmade visual details that are complex to generalize across ultrasound images utilizing distinct techniques. Distinct imaging tools have been utilized in previous works such as mammography and MRI. However, these imaging tools are costly and less portable than ultrasound imaging. Also, ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive method commonly used for breast cancer screening. Hence, the paper presents a novel deep learning model, BCDNet, for classifying breast tumors as benign or malignant using ultrasound images.

Aim
The primary aim of the study is to design an effective breast cancer diagnosis model that can accurately classify tumors in their early stages, thus reducing mortality rates. The model aims to optimize the weight and parameters using the RPAOSM-ESO algorithm to enhance accuracy and minimize false negative rates.

Methods
The BCDNet model utilizes transfer learning from a pre-trained VGG16 network for feature extraction and employs an AHDNAM classification approach, which includes ASPP, DTCN, 1DCNN, and an attention mechanism. The RPAOSM-ESO algorithm is used to fine-tune the weights and parameters.

Results
The RPAOSM-ESO-BCDNet-based breast cancer diagnosis model provided 94.5 accuracy rates. This value is relatively higher than the previous models such as DTCN (88.2), 1DCNN (89.6), MobileNet (91.3), and ASPP-DTC-1DCNN-AM (93.8). Hence, it is guaranteed that the designed RPAOSM-ESO-BCDNet produces relatively accurate solutions for the classification than the previous models.

Conclusion
The BCDNet model, with its sophisticated feature extraction and classification techniques optimized by the RPAOSM-ESO algorithm, shows promise in accurately classifying breast tumors using ultrasound images. The study suggests that the model could be a valuable tool in the early detection of breast cancer, potentially saving lives and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.
Changes in the composition of urine over six hours using urine dipstick analysis and automated microscopy
Authors: Parikh Pranav C. , Souza Serena D. , Obeid Wassim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Urinalysis is a commonly performed test for the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney disease in hospitalized patients. It involves examining the chemical composition of the urine and microscopy to examine the cells and casts. In clinical settings, urinalysis is frequently delayed by several hours after sample collection and held at room temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in urine composition over set time intervals to confirm the reliability of urinalysis when there are delays in performing the tests.

Methods
We obtained 15 mL of urine from the Foley catheters of five patients in the intensive care unit. We utilized the state-of-the-art IDEXX SediVue Dx ® machine to perform urine microscopy and the Siemens CLINITEK Status + Urine Analyzer to perform the dipstick tests. We performed microscopy and dipstick tests at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. Between the two testing methods, 30 individual components were tested in the urine. We calculated the %CV for each component by taking four repeated measurements at one time period for multiple samples.

Results
After calculating the %CV for each component, we analyzed the trend for each constituent over the 6 h. If the percent change over the six-hour interval was ± twofold than the %CV, we determined time to influence the results. Significant changes were seen in bacteria as the levels increased, red blood cells and pathological casts where the level decreased, and crystal levels were determined inconclusive due to fluctuations in the results. All other components were found to remain unchanged.

Conclusions
Timely urine analysis is necessary for accurate results as delayed analysis can considerably change the makeup of urine, which can affect clinical decisions and patient management.
Exploring the experiences of women and people with diabetes in pregnancy in metropolitan and rural Australia: a national survey
Authors: Payne Ellen , Heaney Susan , Collins Clare , Rollo Megan , Brown Leanne J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Women and people diagnosed with diabetes in pregnancy, are recommended to have frequent monitoring and careful management for optimal pregnancy outcomes. This health care management should be supported by a multidisciplinary healthcare team. For individuals living in rural areas, there are increased barriers to healthcare access, with subsequent worse health outcomes compared to those in metropolitan regions. Despite this, there remains a lack of research into the experiences of healthcare delivery for rural women and people with diabetes in pregnancy.

Methods
Survey invitations were sent via the National Diabetes Services Scheme email list. The survey included multiple choice and open-ended questions. Responses from the open-ended question asking participants the changes they would want made to their care delivery were interpreted using qualitative content analysis. Responses were separated into metropolitan and rural categories using the Modified Monash Model criteria.

Results
There were 668 survey responses, with 409 responding to the open-ended qualitative survey question/s. 71.6% of respondents were metropolitan and 27.6% lived rurally. A total of 31 codes were established from the open-ended responses, with the five overarching themes of ‘quality of care’, ‘practice & communication’, ‘individual’s experience’, ‘access’ and ‘burden of care’ identified. The most frequently occurring codes irrespective of location included education or information (n = 45), frequency and timeliness of care (n = 42), no changes (n = 42) and improved health professional communication (n = 40). Local care options was the only code with more rural quotes compared to metropolitan.

Conclusions
The most frequently occurring codes had strong representation from metropolitan and rural respondents, indicating that those with previous diabetes in pregnancy had similar priorities for changes in their healthcare delivery regardless of location. Rural respondents identifying local care options as a priority for change is likely indicative of the rural healthcare landscape with limited access to care options. Recommendations from this study supported by previous research include focusing on improving health professional communication both with women and people with diabetes in pregnancy and with other relevant professionals. Recommendations for rural locations should focus on improving local care options whilst considering resource limitation, such as telehealth clinics.
“They were sort of in the room with me”: a qualitative study about callers’ experience of video streaming during medical emergency calls
Authors: Idland Siri , Häikiö Kristin , Kramer-Johansen Jo , Hjortdahl Magnus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
During the recent years, emergency services in several countries have integrated video streaming into medical emergency calls, and research on the topic has gained increased focus. Video streaming during medical emergency calls may change dispatcher’s perspective of the call and can be a helpful tool for supervising bystanders’ first aid. Little research exists, however, about the caller’s perspective of video streaming during a medical emergency call. With this study, we explore the caller’s experiences with video streaming.

Methods
The study is a qualitative interview study. During a period of five weeks, we recruited respondents from the region of Oslo who had called the medical emergency number 113 and where video streaming had been used by the dispatcher during the call. We conducted 14 semi-structured individual interviews, in-person or digitally on Zoom/Teams, from October to December 2023. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and we analyzed them drawing on Malterud’s systematic text condensation.

Results
Our material was sorted into three category headings: Increased sense of safety, the unexpected option of video streaming, and emotional discomfort. Most respondents felt comforted knowing that the dispatcher could see and assess the situation visually. Several were also positively surprised that video streaming was an option during the call. Some respondents however felt increased stress during the call due to video streaming. Other respondents reflected on the societal taboo of filming ill or injured persons.

Conclusion
Most respondents experienced video streaming as a positive addition to the medical emergency call and felt comforted knowing that the dispatcher could see the situation. Knowledge of the integration between video streaming and basic communication in a call is nonetheless of great importance, as to not increase stress experienced by the caller. The dispatcher should be sensitive for how the caller will handle video streaming for each call.
Clinical characteristics of hospitalized male adolescents and young adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Chaphekar Anita V. , Low Patrick , Vargas Ruben , Ganson Kyle T. , Nguyen Anthony , Buckelew Sara M. , Garber Andrea K. , Downey Amanda E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may result in significant medical sequelae. Compared to youth with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa (AN), youth with ARFID tend to be younger and are more likely to be male. We aim to describe sex differences in clinical characteristics of youth hospitalized for medical complications of ARFID and compare their characteristics with youth hospitalized for anorexia nervosa.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of electronic medical records for youth with ARFID (N = 36; 13 male and 23 female) and AN (N = 355; 40 male and 315 female), including restricting and binge-eating/purging subtypes, aged 9–25 admitted to the inpatient UCSF Eating Disorders Program (2012–2020).

Results
A greater proportion of youth with ARFID were male compared to youth with AN (36.1% vs. 11.2%). Male youth with ARFID (mean age 15.5 ± 2.8) had lower heart rate nadir (49.2 vs. 57.6 beats per minute, p = .019) and lower total cholesterol (129.8 vs. 159.3 mg/dL, p = .008), but higher hemoglobin (13.9 vs. 13.0 g/dL, p = .015) and prescribed calories at discharge (3323 vs. 2817 kcal, p = .001) compared to females with ARFID. Males with AN, who on average had higher admission BMI than males with ARFID (17.3 vs. 15.5 kg/m2, p = .013), required more (3785) kcal on discharge to restore medical stability than males with ARFID (3323 kcal). Compared to all youth with AN, youth with ARFID had lower body mass index (BMI, 15.7 vs. 17.0 kg/m2, p = .001) and lower vitamin D (26.5 vs. 33.0 ng/mL, p = .003).

Conclusions
ARFID in males is associated with lower heart rate nadirs than in females with ARFID. Clinicians should be aware of unique medical complications in youth with ARFID compared to youth with AN.
Effect of geocell height on behavior of sand under constant compaction energy evaluated by plate load testing in large-scale soil box
Authors: Kim Yeontae , Jafri Turab H. , Do Jinung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGeocell is a reinforcing material in civil engineering that creates cell structures with multiple bands filled with fill materials inside the cells, thereby providing a ground reinforcement effect. Due to the easiness of the construction and application, geocell is suitable for rapid and temporary installation on unpaved roads. Geocells have various heights depending on manufacturing conditions. In this study, the behavior of sand reinforced with geocells having various heights was evaluated. The stress-settlement relationships of the test grounds were analyzed with a large-scale soil box system and a series of plate load tests. For additional analysis, the unit weight of the reinforced ground was measured. The performance of the system was quantified using a subgrade reaction modulus (K30). As results, the K30 of sand reinforced with 10 cm height geocell showed higher than that of unreinforced sand. However, for 20 cm and 30 cm height geocells, the measured K30 were similar to or lower than that of unreinforced sand. It was discovered that as the geocell height increases, the compaction efficiency delivered to the fill material within the geocells decreases, causing lowering the engineering performance of the geocell-reinforced zone. At the end of the paper, possible scenarios of using geocells are discussed.
The impact of spray-induced gene silencing on cereal phyllosphere microbiota
Authors: Sundararajan Poorva , Ghosh Samrat , Kelbessa Bekele Gelena , Whisson Stephen C. , Dubey Mukesh , Chawade Aakash , Vetukuri Ramesh Raju 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease affecting cereal crops including wheat, barley, rye, oats and maize. Its predominant causal agent is the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum, which infects the spikes and thereby reduces grain yield and quality. The frequency and severity of FHB epidemics has increased in recent years, threatening global food security. Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) is an alternative technique for tackling this devastating disease through foliar spraying with exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence specific pathogen genes via RNA interference. This has the advantage of avoiding transgenic approaches, but several aspects of the technology require further development to make it a viable field-level management tool. One such existing knowledge gap is how dsRNA spraying affects the microbiota of the host plants.

Results
We found that the diversity, structure and composition of the bacterial microbiota are subject to changes depending on dsRNA targeted and host studied, while the fungal microbiota in the phyllosphere remained relatively unchanged upon spraying with dsRNA. Analyses of fungal co-occurrence patterns also showed that F. graminearum established itself among the fungal communities through negative interactions with neighbouring fungi. Through these analyses, we have also found bacterial and fungal genera ubiquitous in the phyllosphere, irrespective of dsRNA treatment. These results suggest that although rarer and less abundant microbial species change upon dsRNA spray, the ubiquitous bacterial and fungal components of the phyllosphere in wheat and barley remain unchanged.

Conclusion
We show for the first time the effects of exogenous dsRNA spraying on bacterial and fungal communities in the wheat and barley phyllospheres using a high-throughput amplicon sequencing approach. The results obtained further validate the safety and target-specificity of SIGS and emphasize its potential as an environmentally friendly option for managing Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley.
Morbidity in Males With 45,X/46,XY Resembles the Morbidity Pattern in Turner Syndrome: A National Population-Based Study
Authors: Berglund Agnethe , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg , Stochholm Kirstine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Few studies have reported on males with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. Most studies stem from pediatric settings, and knowledge of natural history and long-term health outcomes are therefore lacking.

Objective
To describe long-term health outcomes in males with 45,X/46,XY in comparison to the general population.

Design
A national population-based registry study.

Setting
A public uniform healthcare system.

Patients and Controls
All males in Denmark diagnosed with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism from 1960-2016 (n = 135) and 1:100 age-matched males from the background population.

Main Outcome Measures
Hospital diagnoses, prescribed medication, and surgery codes were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model yielding hazard ratios (HRs).

Results
45,X/46,XY was associated with an increased overall risk of being referred to the hospital [HR = 1.6, confidence interval (CI): 1.3-1.9], undergoing surgery (HR = 1.8, CI: 1.4-2.2), and being prescribed medication (HR = 1.2, CI: 1.03-1.5). This risk applied to 15/18 diagnostic groups, 6/14 medication groups, and 10/16 surgery groups. Diagnoses with increased HRs included diabetes, thyroid disorders, obesity, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, osteoporosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Half of all 45,X/46,XY males (69/135) had ≥1 diagnosis related to the genitourinary system, and nearly one-third (39/135) underwent urogenital surgery.

Conclusion
45,X/46,XY mosaicism in males impacts long-term health significantly. The morbidity pattern includes a wide range of diseases, most known to occur at increased frequencies in Turner syndrome. The study underscores the importance of identifying these males and following them with systematic screening as in Turner syndrome.
Rabin8 phosphorylated by NDR2, the canine early retinal degeneration gene product, directs rhodopsin Golgi-to-cilia trafficking
Authors: Fresquez Theresa , Tam Beatrice M. , Eshelman Shannon C. , Moritz Orson L. , Robichaux Michael A. , Deretic Dusanka 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The Rab11–Rabin8–Rab8 ciliogenesis complex regulates the expansion of cilia-derived light-sensing organelles, the rod outer segments, via post-Golgi rhodopsin transport carriers (RTCs). Rabin8 (also known as RAB3IP), an effector of Rab11 proteins and a nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab8 proteins, is phosphorylated at S272 by NDR2 kinase (also known as STK38L), the canine early retinal degeneration (erd) gene product linked to the human ciliopathy Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Here, we define the step at which NDR2 phosphorylates Rabin8 and regulates Rab11-to-Rab8 succession in Xenopus laevis transgenic rod photoreceptors expressing human GFP–Rabin8 and its mutants. GFP–Rabin8 accumulated with endogenous Rabin8 at the Golgi-apposed exit sites (GESs), also known as the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Rabin8 mutants deficient in Rab11 binding prevented membrane association of GFP–Rabin8. GFP–Rabin8 and NDR2 kinase both interacted with the RTC-associated R-SNARE VAMP7 at the trans-Golgi and the GESs. Here, GFP–Rabin8 and the phosphomimetic GFP–Rabin8-S272E integrated into RTCs, which were subsequently functionalized by Rabin8 Rab8 GEF activity. Non-phosphorylatable GFP–Rabin8-S272A caused significant GES enlargement and deformation, possibly leading to unconventional membrane advancement toward the cilium, bypassing RTCs. Rabin8 phosphorylation loss due to an NDR2 gene disruption thereby likely causes dysfunctional rhodopsin Golgi-to-cilia trafficking underlying retinal degeneration and early-onset blindness.
Timing Complex News to Target Attention
Authors: Cuñat Vicente , Groen-Xu Moqi 
Published: January 2025

Investors have limited and time-varying attention. These constraints are heterogeneous across investors, which can create asymmetric information and adverse selection problems. We show how firms take these constraints into account: They release harder-to-process news in periods when investor attention is higher. We use an institutional discontinuity within the U.S. corporate filing system to measure these effects. Filings before 5:30 p.m. become available immediately, whereas filings after 5:30 p.m. only become visible the next morning and attract less attention. Firms release longer and more complex news just before the cutoff, giving investors the longest possible period to absorb the information before markets open. Firms experience faster price convergence and more liquidity after precutoff news despite their complexity, which is consistent with the additional attention that they attract. We outline a framework in which the need for investors to spread their attention across different ideas induces firms to file their more complex filings at times when investor attention is higher. Our results are consistent with an equilibrium in which investors pay more attention to complex news and in which firms with complex news time them to target investor attention. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03722 .
Significados das ações de trabalhadores de enfermagem em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica
Authors: Nasi Cíntia , Schneider Jacó  Fernando , Pinho Leandro Barbosa de , Camatta Marcio Wagner , Carvalho Savannah Leitzke , Souza Natália Klauck de 
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: compreender os significados das ações de trabalhadores de enfermagem em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica. Método: estudo qualitativo com referencial da sociologia fenomenológica de Alfred Schutz realizado em uma internação psiquiátrica em um hospital universitário no município de Porto Alegre, com 20 trabalhadores de enfermagem, por meio de entrevista fenomenológica, no período de maio a agosto de 2017. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: a análise compreensiva das falas originou três categorias concretas: ação orientada para relações interativas; ação orientada para a gestão do cuidado; e ação orientada pelo ensino e pesquisa. Considerações finais: a ambiência e a relação profissional/paciente são fundamentais no cuidado em saúde mental. A incorporação do ensino e pesquisa no cenário de estudo foi o diferencial no trabalho da equipe, pelo aprimoramento do cuidado em saúde mental na perspectiva da Atenção Psicossocial.