bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Osimertinib in Patients with Lung Cancer Positive for Uncommon EGFR Exon 19 Deletion Mutations
Authors: Grant Michael J. , Aredo Jacqueline V. , Starrett Jacqueline H. , Stockhammer Paul , van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh Iris K. , Wurtz Anna , Piper-Valillo Andrew J. , Piotrowska Zofia , Falcon Christina , Yu Helena A. , Aggarwal Charu , Scholes Dylan , Patil Tejas , Nguyen Christina , Phadke Manali , Li Fang-Yong , Neal Joel , Lemmon Mark A. , Walther Zenta , Politi Katerina , Goldberg Sarah B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The uncommon EGFR exon 19 deletion (ex19del), L747_A750&gt;P, demonstrates reduced sensitivity to osimertinib compared with the common ex19del, E746_A750del in preclinical models. The clinical efficacy of osimertinib in patients with non–small cell lung cancer harboring L747_A750&gt;P and other uncommon ex19dels is not known.

Experimental Design:
The AACR GENIE database was interrogated to characterize the frequency of individual ex19dels relative to other variants, and a multicenter retrospective cohort was used to compare clinical outcomes for patients with tumors harboring E746_A750del, L747_A750&gt;P, and other uncommon ex19dels who received osimertinib in the first line (1L) or in second or later lines of therapy and were T790M+ (≥2L).

Results:
ex19dels comprised 45% of EGFR mutations, with 72 distinct variants ranging in frequency from 28.1% (E746_A750del) to 0.03%, with L747_A750&gt;P representing 1.8% of the EGFR mutant cohort. In our multi-institutional cohort (N = 200), E746_A750del was associated with significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) with 1L osimertinib versus L747_A750&gt;P [median 21.3 months (95% confidence interval, 17.0–31.7) vs. 11.7 months (10.8–29.4); adjusted HR 0.52 (0.28–0.98); P = 0.043]. Osimertinib efficacy in patients with other uncommon ex19dels varied on the basis of the specific mutation present.

Conclusions:
The ex19del L747_A750&gt;P is associated with inferior PFS compared with the common E746_A750del mutation in patients treated with 1L osimertinib. Understanding differences in osimertinib efficacy among EGFR ex19del subtypes could alter management of these patients in the future.
Diets of Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (Decapoda, Portunidae) from the Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: Tadi-Beni Fatemeh , Pazooki Jamileh , Safaie Mohsen , Nazari Fatemeh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The food habits of the blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) were investigated using specimens collected from trawl catches in the north-east of the Persian Gulf, from June 2018 to May 2019. Feeding habits of 304 adult female crabs, ranging from 2.6 to 8.7 cm in carapace length, were analysed. The stomach content of examined crabs showed to consist of crustaceans, fish, molluscs, unidentifiable material, sea grass and foraminiferans. We realized that the vacuity index did not show significant differences between ovigerous and non-ovigerous females (). Nevertheless, there was a significant difference in the vacuity index between barnacle-carrying crabs — Chelonibia testudinaria — and crabs without barnacles (). There was no significant difference observed in the quantity of the eaten foods between large and medium-sized groups of crabs. But a significant difference was observed between large- and small-sized crabs, and small- and medium-sized crabs. Moreover, significant differences were observed in food items between barnacle-carrying crabs and crabs without barnacles. Also, the percentage of empty stomachs was higher in ovigerous females than in non-ovigerous females.
Parenchyma is not the sole site of storage: storage in living fibres
Authors: Plavcová Lenka , Olson Mark E. , Jandová Veronika , Doležal Jiří 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Storage of nutrients and water are important functions of secondary xylem that have received much attention lately. In most of these studies, the storage role has been attributed to the fraction and arrangement of ray and axial parenchyma. However, in the current article, we show that in many species, especially those from tropical and subtropical regions (where most of the world’s plant species are found), nutrient and water storage is carried out by living imperforate tracheary elements (ITEs), colloquially termed “living fibres”. The occurrence of living fibres has been long recognized by anatomists, and especially emphasized in the work of Sherwin Carlquist. In spite of this, living fibres have remained largely unacknowledged by most plant physiologists and ecologists. To raise awareness about the existence of living fibres and to celebrate the illuminating work of Sherwin Carlquist, we summarize our current understanding of the structure, function, and occurrence of living fibres and emphasize that they should receive more attention when studying storage in wood.
Climatology and Composite Evolution of Flash Drought over Australia and Its Vegetation Impacts
Authors: Nguyen Hanh , Wheeler Matthew C. , Otkin Jason A. , Nguyen-Huy Thong , Cowan Tim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study describes flash drought (FD) inferred from the evaporative stress index (ESI) over Australia and its relationship to vegetation. During 1975–2020, FD occurrence ranges from less than 1 per decade in the central arid regions to 10 per decade toward the coasts. Although FD can occur in any season, its occurrence is more frequent in summer in the north, winter in the southern interior and southwest, and across a range of months in the far southeast and Tasmania. With a view toward real-time monitoring, FD “declaration” is defined as the date when the ESI declines to at least −1, i.e., drought conditions, after at least 2 weeks of rapid decline. Composite analysis shows that evaporative demand begins to increase about 5–6 weeks before declaration with an increase in solar radiation, while evapotranspiration initially increases with evaporative demand but then decreases in response to the soil moisture depletion. Solar radiation increases simultaneously with precipitation deficit, both reaching their peak around declaration. FD intensity peaks with soil moisture depletion, 2–3 weeks after declaration. The composite wind speed only shows a modest increase around declaration. The composite FD ends 4 weeks after rapid decreases in solar radiation and increases in precipitation. Satellite-derived vegetation health composites show pronounced decline in the nonforested regions, peaking about 4–8 weeks after FD declaration, followed by a recovery period lasting about 12 weeks after flash drought ends. The forest-dominated regions, however, are little impacted. Modeled pasture growth data show reduced values for up to 3 months after the declaration month covering the main agricultural areas of Australia.

Significance Statement
Flash drought describes a fast intensification or rapid development of drought conditions with potential severe impacts on agriculture and ecosystems. This study describes the climatology and typical evolution of flash drought over Australia for the period 1975–2020. An objective definition of flash drought, using high-resolution observational-based datasets, is proposed and its spatiotemporal variability is provided, as well as its relationship with vegetation health and pasture growth. This constitutes a guideline for understanding flash drought in Australia and its impacts on vegetation.
Damages Associated with Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (ERO) and Missed Flash Floods
Authors: Williamson Meirah , Ash Kevin , Erickson Michael J. , Mullens Esther 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Flash flooding is the most damaging and deadly type of flooding event in the continental United States (CONUS), and one of the deadliest hazards worldwide. The Weather Prediction Center’s (WPC) Excessive Rainfall Outlook (ERO) is used to highlight regions at risk of receiving excessive rainfall that can lead to flash flooding. While EROs have been validated by the WPC across several metrics, an analysis of flash floods that were not forecast by EROs, which we define as missed flash floods, has not been performed, nor have damages associated with missed flash floods been examined. Using EROs, flash flood data from the Unified Flooding Verification System (UFVS), and flash flood damage data from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Storm Events Database, this research investigates the characteristics of missed flash floods. We find that missed damages occur most frequently in summer and least frequently in winter, but that only 9.2% of flash flood damages and 23.2% of damaging events are missed by the ERO. Missed damaging flash flood events occur frequently in the U.S. Southwest. In this region, missed damages and missed events are primarily attributed to the North American monsoon (NAM). We also investigate forecast flash floods by ERO risk category. High risks incur the most damages despite having the fewest number of damaging events, indicating that the ERO is able to distinguish higher-impact events. The ERO predicts damaging flash floods well, although the Southwest and urban areas broadly could be investigated further to ensure that the potential of damaging flash floods are accurately forecast.
A Rare Self-Inflicted Stabbing to the Neck Injuring the Distal Trachea and Proximal Esophagus
Authors: Enciso Benjamin M. , Fox Elizabeth D. , Lawson Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Penetrating neck trauma poses a significant risk to multiple vital structures, which if not treated immediately may lead to devastating consequences. Our patient presented after sustaining self-inflicted stab wounds to the neck. He was taken to the operating room for a left neck exploration and median sternotomy, revealing a distal tracheal injury. Following repair of the tracheal injury, an intraoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated a full-thickness esophageal injury 15 cm proximal to the tracheal injury. Both injuries were the result of separate stab entries originating from the same external midline wound. To our knowledge, this case report is unique in bringing this circumstance to the literature, demonstrating the importance of full intraoperative examination to assess for concomitant wounds in stab injuries after the initial pathology has been found and the initial stab trajectory understood.
Hypofibrinogenemic Massive Transfusion Trauma Patients Experience Worse Outcomes
Authors: Parker Mitchell J. , Crowder Elizabeth W. , Miles M. Victoria P. , Harrell Kevin N. , Maxwell Robert A. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Uncontrolled hemorrhage accounts for up to 40% of trauma-related mortality. Previous reports demonstrate that decreased fibrinogen levels during traumatic hemorrhage are associated with worse outcomes. Cryoprecipitate is used to replace fibrinogen for patients in hemorrhagic shock undergoing massive transfusion (MT), though the optimal ratio of cryoprecipitate to fresh frozen plasma (FFP), packed red blood cells (PRBCs), and platelets remains undefined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of admission fibrinogen level and the use of cryoprecipitate on outcomes in trauma patients undergoing MT. Methods A prospective practice management guideline was established to obtain fibrinogen levels on adult trauma patients undergoing MT at a level I trauma center from December 2019 to December 2021. Ten units of cryoprecipitate were administered every other round of MT. Thromboelastography (TEG) was also obtained at the initiation and completion of MT. Patient demographic, injury, transfusion, and outcome data were collected. Hypofibrinogenemic (<200 mg/dL) patients at initiation of MT were compared to patients with a level of 200 mg/dL or greater. Results A total of 96 out of 130 patients met criteria and underwent MT with a median admission fibrinogen of 170.5 mg/dL. Hypofibrinogenemia was associated with elevated INR (1.26 vs 1.13, P < .001) and abnormal TEG including decreased alpha angle (68.1 vs 73.3, P < .001), increased K time (1.7 vs 1.1, P < .001), and decreased max amplitude (58 vs 66, P < .001). Patients with hypofibrinogenemia received more PRBC (10 vs 7 U, P = .002), FFP (9 vs 6 U, P = .003), and platelets (2 vs 1 U, P = .004) during MT. Hypofibrinogenemic patients demonstrated greater mortality than patients with normal levels (50% vs 23.5%, P = .021). Older age, decreased GCS, and elevated injury severity score (ISS) were risk factors for mortality. Increased fibrinogen was associated with lower odds of mortality ( P = .001). Age, ISS, and fibrinogen level remained significantly associated with mortality in a multivariable analysis. Overall, fibrinogen in post-MT survivors showed an increase in median level compared to admission (231 vs 177.5 mg/dL, P < .001). Conclusion Trauma patients undergoing MT with decreased admission fibrinogen demonstrate increased mortality. Other mortality risk factors include older age, decreased GCS, and higher ISS. Patients with increased fibrinogen levels had lower odds of mortality in a multivariable model. Post-MT survivors demonstrated significantly higher fibrinogen levels than pre-MT patients. Hypofibrinogenemic patients also had worse TEG parameters and required more PRBCs, FFP, and platelets during MT. Further studies are needed to assess the optimal volume of fibrinogen replacement with cryoprecipitate during MT to improve trauma patient mortality.
An Empirical Analysis of Supply Response of Food Grains to Changes in Price: Evidence from India
Authors: M. Jincy Mathew , Vishwanatha  
Published: March 2023

The issue of food production is very important as it affects growth, food security and poverty. Stable food grain price is also important to have a stable food grain market. This article attempts to study the impact of food price fluctuations on food production based on the annual data from 1962 to 2019 by using Non-linear Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model. The results show that changes in food grain price affects grain production and it is statistically significant. Furthermore, the result of asymmetric cointegration test shows that there is a long-run asymmetric relationship that exists between food production and food grain price. JEL Codes: Q11, C01, C32
Low velocity impact response of non-traditional double-double laminates
Authors: Dantas da Cunha Rayane , Targino Talita Galvão , Cardoso Cristiano , Paiva da Costa Ferreira Evans , Freire Júnior Raimundo Carlos Silverio , Daniel Diniz Melo José 
Published: March 2023

A novel family of composite laminates with a simplified stacking sequence and double-double layup [±ϕ/±ψ] n has significant potential to reduce weight and increase strength, while facilitating design optimization and simplifying the manufacturing process. In this study, the low-velocity impact response of a double-double (DD) laminate and a quadriaxial (Quad) laminate of equivalent stiffness and thickness were compared. Carbon/epoxy laminates were produced with stacking sequences of [±0/±50]10 and [03/90/±45/02/±45]2S corresponding to double-double and quadriaxial varieties, respectively. Low velocity impact tests were conducted at 74 J of energy and damage areas were examined using X-ray computed tomography. Compressive strength and compression after impact (CAI) strength were equivalent for the two laminates. However, differences in impact damage morphology were observed and are discussed.
Stigma, Outsider Status and Mothers in Prison
Authors: Morgan Julia , Leeson Caroline 
Published: March 2023

Drawing on Elias’s work on established-outsider figurations, stigmatisation and the civilising process, this study explores the narratives of women, who are mothers of children under the age of 18 years old, in one female prison in England, United Kingdom. We conducted 31 in-depth interviews as well as three focus groups with 26 different women, exploring their experiences of being an imprisoned mother as well as staying in contact with their children from prison. Moreover, we interviewed 15 members of staff. Our findings highlight the stigmatised ‘outsider’ nature that is ascribed to mothers in prison which is reinforced by the prison environment and figurations between mothers and prison staff. By highlighting the stigmatised and outsider positioning of mothers in prison, this research has significance for practice and policy. Improving support for imprisoned mothers and the development of non-stigmatising, more inclusive, compassionate institutions and compassionate responses are thus required.
Fracture toughness and progressive damage mechanisms of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites
Authors: Han Niudong , Duan Yadi , Zhang Zhuhui , Yang Yingxue , Zhang Diantang 
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the effects of matrix and interface on the fracture toughness and progressive damage mechanisms of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites. Third-generation SiC fibers were selected. 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites with four interfacial layers PyC, PyC/SiC, BN, BN/SiC and two matrix polycarbosilane (PCS) and liquid hyperbranched polycarbosilane with vinyl groups (VHPCS) were prepared by a combination of chemical vapour deposition (CVD), chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), and precursor infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) processes, respectively. Single edge notch bending (SENB) tests were carried out to investigate the fracture toughness. Moreover, acoustic emission (AE) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) techniques were employed to analyze the progressive mechanical properties and failure mechanism. Results showed that the matrix and interface have significant effects on the fracture toughness. Moreover, 2.5D woven composites with PyC/SiC interfacial layers and VHPCS matrix have the highest fracture toughness (16.93 ± 1.20 Mpa • m1/2). Furthermore, during progressive damage, the pores can influence the crack expansion path, and effectively regulate the stress concentration and increase the toughness of the composites.
Integrated analysis and clinical correlation analysis of hub genes, immune infiltration, and potential therapeutic agents related to lupus nephritis
Authors: Lin Weiyi , Lin Zien , Lin Xiaobing , Peng Zhishen , Liang Xiaofeng , Wei Shanshan 
Published: March 2023

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to explore biomarkers, mechanisms, and potential novel agents regarding LN through bioinformatic analysis. Method Four expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGGs) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed using the R software. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was developed using the STRING database. Additionally, five algorithms were used to screen out the hub genes. Expression of the hub genes were validated using Nephroseq v5. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells. Finally, The Drug-Gene Interaction Database was used to predict potential targeted drugs. Result FOS and IGF1 were identified as hub genes, with excellent specificity and sensitivity diagnosis of LN. FOS was also related to renal injury. LN patients had lower activated and resting dendritic cells (DCs) and higher M1 macrophages and activated NK cells than healthy control (HC). FOS had a positive correlation with activated mast cells and a negative correlation with resting mast cells. IGF1 had a positive correlation with activated DCs and a negative correlation with monocytes. The targeted drugs were dusigitumab and xentuzumab target for IGF1. Conclusion We analyzed the transcriptomic signature of LN along with the landscape of the immune cell. FOS and IGF1 are promising biomarkers for diagnosing and evaluating the progression of LN. The drug-gene interaction analyses provide a list of candidate drugs for the precise treatment of LN.
A 5–year follow-up of pulmonary function tests in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Altchek AJ , Moorthy LN , Ramagopal M , Salvant C , Uppaluri LP 
Published: March 2023

Significance Pulmonary involvement in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Manifestations include chronic interstitial pneumonitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, alveolar hemorrhage, and shrinking lung syndrome. However, many patients can be asymptomatic from a respiratory standpoint and still have pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities. Our aim is to describe PFT abnormalities in patients with cSLE. Methods We completed a retrospective review of 42 patients with cSLE followed at our center. These patients were at least 6 years old (so they could complete PFTs). We collected data from July 2015 to July 2020. Results Out of the 42 patients, 10 (23.8%) had abnormal PFTs. These 10 patients had a mean age at diagnosis of 13 ± 2.9 years. Nine were female. One-fifth (20%) self-identified as Hispanic, 20% as Asian, 10% as Black or African American, and the remaining 50% as “Other.” Of the 10, 3 had restrictive disease only, 3 with diffusion impairment only, and 4 with both restrictive lung disease and diffusion impairment. Patients with restrictive patterns had a mean total lung capacity (TLC) of 72.5 ± 5.8 throughout the study period. The average diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for hemoglobin (DsbHb) among patients with diffusion limitation during the study period was 64.8 ± 8.3. Conclusions The most common PFT abnormalities seen in patients with cSLE are alterations in diffusing capacity as well as restrictive lung disease.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Histological Chorioamnionitis and Funisitis in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Singh Brijdeep , Jain Suksham , Kundu Reetu , Punia Rajpal Singh 
Published: March 2023

Background Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) is present not only in women with clinical chorioamnionitis (CCA) but also in a large subset with silent chorioamnionitis which has a risk of developing complications of preterm labor, fetal, and maternal infection. Objectives To assess HCA and funisitis, and their correlation with the early neonatal outcome. Methods Of 778 preterm babies born over a period of 1 year at ≤34 weeks gestation, 100 placentae were analyzed as per the inclusion criteria in this prospective study. Sections from the placenta, membranes, and umbilical cord were examined for histopathology. Clinical parameters in mother and neonate were recorded and correlation with HCA was estimated. Results The incidence of HCA, funisitis, CCA was 35%, 7%, and 24%, respectively. Sixteen of 24 (66.7%) CCA had HCA and 19/35 (54%) of HCA had no CCA. History of preterm premature rupture of membranes was there in 73/100 cases, of which 41 had HCA. HCA cases having duration of rupture of membranes (DROM) <24 h were 22/41 (53.6%), 77.2% of which developed early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Odds of EONS with DROM <12 and 24 h was 1.3 and 2.9, respectively. EONS was suspected in 28/35 (80%) of HCA versus 13/24 (54%) of CCA. Culture positive sepsis was seen in (9/28) 32% cases with HCA and funisitis. In the absence of HCA, EONS was suspected in 30.7% cases. Conclusion HCA has a better diagnostic ability to detect EONS. Sepsis screen on the basis of CCA alone can miss about 50% of cases.