bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering Improves Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Older Patients with Hypertension: The STEP Trial
Authors: Deng Yue , Liu Wei , Yang Xinchun , Guo Zihong , Zhang Juyan , Huang Rongjie , Yang Xiaomin , Yu Chunli , Yu Jing , Cai Jun ,   on behalf of the STEP Study Group
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering has been increasingly used; however, its effect on cardiac remodeling remains not fully understood. This secondary analysis of the Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients trial aims to determine the changes in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) that occur in the context of intensive SBP lowering.

METHODS:
A total of 7141 older patients with hypertension were randomly assigned to intensive treatment (SBP target, 110–130 mm Hg) or standard treatment (130–150 mm Hg). LVH was defined according to the Peguero-Lo Presti criteria on a standard 12-lead ECG.

RESULTS:

At baseline, the prevalence of LVH (16.6% versus 16.5%) and the mean Peguero-Lo Presti value (1811 versus 1808 μV) were comparable between the treatment groups. During a median follow-up of 3.24 years, intensive SBP lowering was associated with a significantly lower risk of new LVH occurrence (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66–0.89];
P
=0.001) and slower progression of the mean Peguero-Lo Presti index value by −23.47 μV/y (95% CI, −34.93 to −12.01;
P
=0.000). However, the rates of regression of baseline LVH did not differ significantly. Notably, the beneficial effect of intensive SBP lowering in terms of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.59–0.97]) was not markedly attenuated after adjusting for LVH as a time-varying covariate (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.59–0.97]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Intensive SBP lowering protects against LVH development in older hypertensive patients, however, this favorable effect could not explain most of the reduction in cardiovascular events associated with intensive SBP lowering.
Piezo1 Mediates Vasodilation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia in Mouse Renal Arteries and Microvessels
Authors: Fei Lingyan , Xu Minze , Wang Honghong , Zhong Cheng , Jiang Shan , Lichtenberger Falk-Bach , Erdoğan Cem , Wang Han , Bonk Julia S. , Lai En Yin , Persson Pontus B. , Kovács Richard , Zheng Zhihua , Patzak Andreas , Khedkar Pratik H. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Acute hyperglycemia is a risk factor for developing acute kidney injury and poor renal outcome in critically ill patients, whereby the role of renal vasculature remains unclear. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia-associated hyperosmolarity facilitates vasodilation through Piezo1-mediated eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) activation.

METHODS:
Vasoreactivity was analyzed using wire myography in isolated mouse mesenteric arteries and renal interlobar, and using microvascular perfusion in renal afferent arterioles and efferent arterioles, and vasa recta. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used for molecular analyses of isolated mouse blood vessels and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

RESULTS:

Pretreatment with hyperglycemia (44 mmol/L glucose; 4 hours) increased acetylcholine-induced relaxation in interlobar arteries and mesenteric arteries, which was prevented by eNOS inhibition using Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester hydrochloride. Hyperosmotic mannitol solution had a similar effect. Hyperglycemia induced an immediate, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester hydrochloride–inhibitable dilation in afferent arterioles, efferent arterioles, and vasa recta, whereby stronger dilation in afferent arterioles compared to efferent arterioles. Hyperglycemia also increased glomerular filtration rate in mice. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, hyperglycemia, and the Piezo1 activator Yoda-1 increased levels of Piezo1 protein, p-CaMKII (phosphorylated Ca
2+
/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II), Akt (protein kinase B), and p-eNOS (phosphorylated eNOS). The hyperglycemia effect could be prevented by inhibiting Piezo1 using GsMTx4 (
Grammostola spatulata
mechanotoxin 4) and CaMKII using KN93 (N-[2-[[[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-propenyl]-methylamino]-methyl]-phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulphonamide). Furthermore, in arteries and microvessels, inhibition of Piezo1 using GsMTx4 prevented the hyperglycemia –effect, while Yoda-1 caused relaxation and dilation, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Results reveal that Piezo1 mediates renal vasodilation induced by hyperosmolarity in acute hyperglycemia. This mechanism may contribute to the pathogenesis of renal damage by acute hyperglycemia.
Exercise Capacity and Ventilatory Efficiency in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Tobita Kazuki , Goda Ayumi , Teruya Koji , Nishida Yuichiro , Takeuchi Kaori , Kikuchi Hanako , Inami Takumi , Kohno Takashi , Tashiro Syoichi , Yamada Shin , Satoh Toru , Soejima Kyoko 
Published: June 2023

Background
The symptom for identification of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is dyspnea on exertion, with a concomitant decrease in exercise capacity. Even patients with hemodynamically improved PAH may have impaired exercise tolerance; however, the effect of central and peripheral factors on exercise tolerance remains unclear. We explored the factors contributing to exercise capacity and ventilatory efficiency in patients with hemodynamically normalized PAH after medical treatment.

Methods and Results

In total, 82 patients with PAH (age: median 46 [interquartile range, 39–51] years; male:female, 23:59) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≤30 mm Hg at rest were enrolled. The exercise capacity, indicated by the 6‐minute walk distance and peak oxygen consumption, and the ventilatory efficiency, indicated by the minute ventilation versus carbon dioxide output slope, were assessed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing with a right heart catheter. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 21 (17–25) mm Hg, and the 6‐minute walk distance was 530 (458–565) m, whereas the peak oxygen consumption was 18.8 (14.8–21.6) mLꞏmin
−1
ꞏkg
−1
. The multivariate model that best predicted 6‐minute walk distance included peak arterial mixed venous oxygen content difference (β=0.46,
P
<0.001), whereas the best peak oxygen consumption predictors included peak cardiac output (β=0.72,
P
<0.001), peak arterial mixed venous oxygen content difference (β=0.56,
P
<0.001), and resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure (β=−0.25,
P
=0.026). The parameter that best predicted minute ventilation versus carbon dioxide output slope was the resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure (β=0.35,
P
=0.041). Quadriceps muscle strength was moderately correlated with exercise capacity (6‐minute walk distance; ρ=0.57,
P
<0.001; peak oxygen consumption: ρ=0.56,
P
<0.001) and weakly correlated with ventilatory efficiency (ρ
=
−0.32,
P
=0.007).

Conclusions
Central and peripheral factors are closely related to impaired exercise tolerance in patients with hemodynamically normalized PAH.
Rationale and Design of the ORCCA (Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes) Study
Authors: Moulson Nathaniel , Petek Bradley J. , Ackerman Michael J. , Churchill Timothy W. , Day Sharlene M. , Kim Jonathan H. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Lampert Rachel , Levine Benjamin D. , Martinez Matthew W. , Patel Manesh R. , Phelan Dermot , Harmon Kimberly G. , Baggish Aaron L. , Drezner Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Clinical practice recommendations for participation in sports and exercise among young competitive athletes with cardiovascular conditions at risk for sudden death are based largely on expert consensus with a paucity of prospective outcomes data. Recent guidelines have taken a more permissive approach, using a shared decision‐making model. However, the impact and outcomes of this strategy remain unknown.

Methods
The ORCCA (Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes) study is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal, observational cohort study designed to monitor clinical outcomes in athletes with potentially life‐threatening cardiovascular conditions. The study will assess sports eligibility decision‐making, exercise habits, psychosocial well‐being, and long‐term cardiovascular outcomes among young competitive athletes with cardiovascular conditions. Competitive athletes aged 18 to <35 years diagnosed with a confirmed cardiovascular condition or borderline finding with potential increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events are eligible. Outcomes will be monitored for an initial 5‐year follow‐up period or until age 35, and metrics of psychosocial well‐being and composite adverse cardiovascular events including arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest/sudden cardiac death, and evidence of disease progression will be compared among athletes who continue versus discontinue competitive sports participation.

Conclusions
The ORCCA study aims to assess the process and results of return to sport decision‐making and to monitor major adverse cardiovascular events, exercise habits, and the psychosocial well‐being among young competitive athletes diagnosed with confirmed cardiovascular conditions or borderline findings with potential increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. The results of this work will generate an evidence base to inform future guidelines.
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: Fetal Diagnosis, Associations, and Postnatal Outcome: A Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative Study
Authors: Cohen Jennifer , Arya Bhawna , Caplan Richard , Donofrio Mary T. , Ferdman Dina , Harrington Jamie K. , Ho Deborah Y. , Hogan Whitnee , Hornberger Lisa K. , Jhaveri Simone , Killen Stacy A. S. , Lindblade Christopher L. , Michelfelder Erik , Moon‐Grady Anita J. , Patel Sheetal , Quezada Emilio , Ronai Christina , Sanchez Mejia Aura A. , Schidlow David N. , Stiver Corey , Thakur Varsha , Srivastava Shubhika 
Published: June 2023

Background
Fetal diagnosis of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) has been increasingly reported; however, predictors of clinical outcomes remain underexplored. We undertook a multicenter, retrospective study to investigate natural history, associated anomalies, and outcomes of fetal ccTGA.

Methods and Results
Fetuses with ccTGA diagnosed from January 2004 to July 2020 within 20 North American programs were included. Fetuses with severe ventricular hypoplasia thought to definitively preclude biventricular repair were excluded. We included 205 fetuses diagnosed with ccTGA at a median gestational age of 23 (interquartile range, 21–27) weeks. Genetic abnormalities were found in 5.9% tested, with extracardiac anomalies in 6.3%. Associated cardiac defects were diagnosed in 161 (78.5%), with atrioventricular block in 23 (11.3%). On serial fetal echocardiogram, 39% demonstrated a functional or anatomic change, most commonly increased tricuspid regurgitation (6.7%) or pulmonary outflow obstruction (11.1%). Of 194 fetuses with follow‐up, 26 were terminated, 3 experienced fetal death (2 with atrioventricular block), and 165 were live‐born. Of 158 with postnatal data (median follow‐up 3.7 years), 10 (6.6%) had death/transplant before 1 year. On univariable analysis, fetal factors associated with fetal death or death/transplant by 1 year included ≥ mild tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary atresia, aortic obstruction, fetal arrhythmia, and worsening hemodynamics on serial fetal echocardiogram (defined as worse right ventricular function, tricuspid regurgitation, or effusion).

Conclusions
Associated cardiac lesions and arrhythmias are common in fetal ccTGA, and functional changes commonly occur through gestation. Worse outcomes are associated with fetal tricuspid regurgitation (≥mild), any arrhythmia, pulmonary atresia, aortic obstruction, and worsening hemodynamics on serial echocardiograms. These findings can inform prenatal counseling and perinatal management planning.
The Great Evasion: Human Mobility & Organized Crime in Mexico
& Its Borders
Authors: Aguayo Sergio , Sepúlveda Sandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mexico finds itself at the epicenter of unprecedented migration flows. Governments, international organizations, and civil society institutions, however, choose to ignore the current weight of organized crime in the matter. I shape the central thesis of this essay through an account of the phenomenon's evolution, starting in the 1970s. I conclude by analyzing the ongoing migration issue along Mexico's borders with Central America and the United States, while offering recommendations to improve conditions of a migratory problematic made worse by the denial of its existence.
Governing Data: Relationships, Trust & Ethics in Leveraging
Data & Technology in Service of Humanitarian Health
Delivery
Authors: Fast Larissa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Across the humanitarian sector, “data”permeate and inform responses to violence, disaster, and health-related crises. Delivering health care in humanitarian emergencies or conflict contexts requires many types of data: numbers and narratives about patients, staff, disease, treatment, and services. Multiple demands drive data collection at various levels, too often resulting in a mismatch between the tenets of data minimization (collect only what you need) and usage (use all you collect). Donors mandate specific data collection via both official reporting and ad hoc, informal requests, and humanitarians share data with other humanitarians and with donors. In this essay, I examine the specific issue of sharing data between and among humanitarians and donor governments. I pay particular attention to governance and the often-overlooked relational dimension of data, their implications for trust, as well as the ethical questions that arise in light of existing debates about localization and decolonizing the humanitarian sector.
Is Mobile Money Changing Rural Africa? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Batista Cátia , Vicente Pedro C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rural areas in Sub-Saharan Africa are typically underserved by financial services. Mobile money brings a substantial reduction in the transaction costs of remittances. We follow the introduction of mobile money for the first time in rural villages of Mozambique using a randomized field experiment. We find that mobile money increased migration out of these villages, where we observe lower agricultural activity and investment. At the same time, remittances received and welfare of rural households increased, particularly when facing geo-referenced village-level floods and household-level idiosyncratic shocks. Our work suggests that mobile money can accelerate urbanization and structural change in Sub-Saharan Africa.
How Important Is Editorial Gatekeeping? Evidence from Top Biomedical Journals
Authors: Krieger Joshua L. , Myers Kyle R. , Stern Ariel D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We examine editors' influence on the scientific content of academic journals by unpacking the role of three major forces: journals' stated missions, the aggregate supply of and demand for specific topics, and scientific homophily via editorial gatekeeping. In a sample of top biomedical journals, we find the first two forces explain the vast majority of variation in published content. The upper bound of the homophily effect is statistically significant but practically much less important. Marginal changes to the composition of editorial boards do not meaningfully impact journals' content in the short run. However, we cannot rule out persistent or pervasive frictions in the publication process.
Complementary Pathways: Pledging Protection at the Edges of EU Law
Authors: Loxa Alezini 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In September 2020, the EU Commission published the New Pact on Migration and Asylum in order to offer ‘fresh start’ for EU migration law and policy. Complementary pathways for admission to EU territory were among the proposals set out in the Pact. This article takes stock of the different measures suggested by the Commission to create such complementary pathways. It suggests that the aim of creating complementary pathways remains to a large extent declaratory, it is devised in discretionary operational measures with loose grounding in EU law, and reproduces systemic deficiencies that have characterized EU asylum law in the past decades.
Marine Spatial Planning in Canadian Arctic Shipping Governance: Exploring Its Application in the Northern Low-impact Shipping Corridors Initiative
Authors: Wang Weishan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines different integrated management frameworks and area-based measures in Canada’s integrated ocean management regime, including their definitions, features and practices. It explicitly analyzes ma-rine spatial planning (MSP) and its practice in Canada’s Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic coasts. Case studies, including the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) initiative, Pacific North Coast Integrated Manage-ment Area (PNCIMA) initiative, and Marine Plan Partnership (MaPP), show that MSP has brought additional value to comprehensive ocean planning and facilitated integrated shipping governance. Arctic marine traffic gov-ernance requires an integrated and holistic framework to address the inti-mate relationship and complex interaction between humans and the envi-ronment. The potential application of MSP in developing and governing the Northern Low Impact Shipping Corridors initiative is examined. MSP is con-sidered as a framework or an approach to inform better decision-making for the Corridors initiative from five perspectives: 1) improving interdepart-mental and cross-jurisdictional collaboration; 2) enhancing Inuit engage-ment; 3) encouraging knowledge co-production; 4) supporting data collec-tion and spatial analysis; and 5) facilitating implementation and adaptation of the Corridor initiative.
Ufanano wa Mtoto wa Laana Kumuua Babaye katika Nyakiiru Kibi na Mfalme Edipode: Dhihiriko la Umageuko au Msambao?
Authors: Mnenuka Angelus 
Published: June 2023

Ikisiri
Kisa kinachoelezwa katika simulizi ya Edipode katika tamthilia ya Mfalme Edipode (Sofokile, 1971) kinafanana kwa karibu sana na kisa kinachosimuliwa katika Utenzi wa Nyakiiru Kibi (Mulokozi, 1998). Sababu kubwa zilizochangia kufanana kwa simulizi hizi mbili zinaweza kuelezwa kwa kuzingatia misingi ya kinadharia, hususan Nadharia ya Mageuko na Nadharia ya Msambao. Wakati Nadharia ya Mageuko ikidai kuwa simulizi yoyote ile ni matokeo ya mabadiliko ya ndani ya jamii yanayochagizwa na mazingira, Nadharia ya Msambao inasisitiza kuwa simulizi huenea kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine; kamwe haiwezekani simulizi mbili zinazofanana kuibuka katika jamii mbili ambazo hazijawahi kukutana. Makala hii imechunguza sababu za kufanana kwa visa katika simulizi teule kwa kutumia misingi ya nadharia hizo mbili. Kwa kuzingatia hoja mbalimbali, imehitimishwa kuwa simulizi ya Nyakiiru Kibi, pamoja na kutungwa takribani karne 24 baada ya ile ya Edipode, si kiatani cha Edipode. Simulizi hii imechimbuka katika eneo la Maziwa Makuu na inaonekana ni tukio linalofungamana na historia ya jamii husika huku ikijumuisha visakale hapa na pale.
Surface Solar Extremes in the Most Irradiated Region on Earth, Altiplano
Authors: Cordero Raúl R. , Feron Sarah , Damiani Alessandro , Sepúlveda Edgardo , Jorquera Jose , Redondas Alberto , Seckmeyer Gunther , Carrasco Jorge , Rowe Penny , Ouyang Zutao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Satellites have consistently pointed to the Altiplano of the Atacama Desert as the place on Earth where the world’s highest surface irradiance occurs. This region, near the Tropic of Capricorn, is characterized by its high elevation, prevalent cloudless conditions, and relatively low concentrations of ozone, aerosols, and precipitable water. Aimed at studying the variability of the surface solar irradiance and detecting atmospheric composition changes in the Altiplano, an atmospheric observatory was set up in 2016 at the northwestern border of the Chajnantor Plateau (5,148 m MSL, 22.95°S, 67.78°W, Chile). Here, we report on the first 5 years of measurements at this observatory that establish the Altiplano as the region that receives the highest-known irradiation on Earth and illuminate the unique features of surface solar extremes at high-altitude locations. We found that the global horizontal shortwave (SW) irradiance on the plateau is on average 308 W m−2 (equivalent to an annual irradiation of 2.7 MWh m−2 yr−1, the highest worldwide). We also found that forward scattering by broken clouds often leads to intense bursts of SW irradiance; a record of 2,177 W m−2 was measured, equivalent to the extraterrestrial SW irradiance expected at approximately 0.79 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. These cloud-driven surface solar extremes occur on the Chajnantor Plateau at a frequency, intensity, and duration not previously seen anywhere in the world, making the site an ideal location for studying the response of photovoltaic (PV) power plants to periods of enhanced SW variability.
Supercell Low-Level Mesocyclones: Origins of Inflow and Vorticity
Authors: Coffer Brice E. , Parker Matthew D. , Peters John M. , Wade Andrew R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development and intensification of low-level mesocyclones in supercell thunderstorms have often been attributed, at least in part, to augmented streamwise vorticity generated baroclinically in the forward flank of supercells. However, the ambient streamwise vorticity of the environment (often quantified via storm-relative helicity), especially near the ground, is particularly skillful at discriminating between nontornadic and tornadic supercells. This study investigates whether the origins of the inflow air into supercell low-level mesocyclones, both horizontally and vertically, can help explain the dynamical role of environmental versus storm-generated vorticity in the development of low-level mesocyclone rotation. Simulations of supercells, initialized with wind profiles common to supercell environments observed in nature, show that the air bound for the low-level mesocyclone primarily originates from the ambient environment (rather than from along the forward flank) and from very close to the ground, often in the lowest 200–400 m of the atmosphere. Given that the near-ground environmental air comprises the bulk of the inflow into low-level mesocyclones, this likely explains the forecast skill of environmental streamwise vorticity in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere. The low-level mesocyclone does not appear to require much augmentation from the development of additional horizontal vorticity in the forward flank. Instead, the dominant contributor to vertical vorticity within the low-level mesocyclone is from the environmental horizontal vorticity. This study provides further context to the ongoing discussion regarding the development of rotation within supercell low-level mesocyclones.

Significance Statement
Supercell thunderstorms produce the majority of tornadoes, and a defining characteristic of supercells is their rotating updraft, known as the “mesocyclone.” When the mesocyclone is stronger at lower altitudes, the likelihood of tornadoes increases. The purpose of this study is to understand if the rotation of the mesocyclone in supercells is due to horizontal spin present in the ambient environment or whether additional horizontal spin generated by the storm itself primarily drives this rotation. Our results suggest that inflow air into supercells and low-level mesocyclone rotation are mainly due to the properties of the environmental inflow air, especially near the ground. This hopefully provides further context to how our community views the development of low-level mesocyclones in supercells.