bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic changes in cell size throughout the body of Drosophila melanogaster associated with mutations in molecular cell cycle regulators
Authors: Privalova Valeriya , Labecka Anna Maria , Szlachcic Ewa , Sikorska Anna , Czarnoleski Marcin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlong with different life strategies, organisms have evolved dramatic cellular composition differences. Understanding the molecular basis and fitness effects of these differences is key to elucidating the fundamental characteristics of life. TOR/insulin pathways are key regulators of cell size, but whether their activity determines cell size in a systemic or tissue-specific manner awaits exploration. To that end, we measured cells in four tissues in genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster (rictorΔ2 and Mnt1) and corresponding controls. While rictorΔ2 flies lacked the Rictor protein in TOR complex 2, downregulating the functions of this element in TOR/insulin pathways, Mnt1 flies lacked the transcriptional regulator protein Mnt, weakening the suppression of downstream signalling from TOR/insulin pathways. rictorΔ2 flies had smaller epidermal (leg and wing) and ommatidial cells and Mnt1 flies had larger cells in these tissues than the controls. Females had consistently larger cells than males in the three tissue types. In contrast, dorsal longitudinal flight muscle cells (measured only in males) were not altered by mutations. We suggest that mutations in cell cycle control pathways drive the evolution of systemic changes in cell size throughout the body, but additional mechanisms shape the cellular composition of some tissues independent of these mutations.
Sound waves for solving the problem of recrystallization in cryopreservation
Authors: Alcalá Enrique , Encabo Laura , Barroso Fatima , Puentes Adriana , Risco Isabel , Risco Ramon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrgan biobanking is the pending subject of cryopreservation. Although the problem is multifaceted, advances in recent decades have largely related it to achieving rapid and uniform rewarming of cryopreserved samples. This is a physical challenge largely investigated in past in addition to cryoprotectant toxicity studies, which have also shown a great amount of advancement. This paper presents a proof-of-principle, based on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, of a technology capable of performing such a function: high intensity focused ultrasound. Thus, avoiding the problem of recrystallization, this worm, in its adult state, preserved at − $$80\;^\circ{\rm C}$$

80

∘

C

, has been systematically brought back to life after being heated with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) waves. The great advantage of this technology is that it is scalable; in addition, rewarming can be monitored in real time by MRI thermography and can be controlled by acoustic interferometry. We anticipate that our findings are the starting point for a possible approach to rewarming that can be used for cryopreservation of millimeter scale systems: either alone or in combination with other promising ways of heating, like nanowarming or dielectric heating, the present technology provides new ways of solving the physical aspects of the problem of recrystallization in cryopreservation, opening the door for the long-term storage of larger samples.
Aeolus winds impact on volcanic ash early warning systems for aviation
Authors: Amiridis Vassilis , Kampouri Anna , Gkikas Antonis , Misios Stergios , Gialitaki Anna , Marinou Eleni , Rennie Michael , Benedetti Angela , Solomos Stavros , Zanis Prodromos , Vasardani Olympia , Eleftheratos Konstantinos , Paschou Peristera , Georgiou Thanasis , Scollo Simona , Mona Lucia , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Retscher Christian , Parrinello Tommaso , Straume Anne Grete 
Published: May 2023

AbstractForecasting volcanic ash atmospheric pathways is of utmost importance for aviation. Volcanic ash can interfere with aircraft navigational instruments and can damage engine parts. Early warning systems, activated after volcanic eruptions can alleviate the impacts on aviation by providing forecasts of the volcanic ash plume dispersion. The quality of these short-term forecasts is subject to the accuracy of the meteorological wind fields used for the initialization of regional models. Here, we use wind profiling data from the first high spectral resolution lidar in space, Aeolus, to examine the impact of measured wind fields on regional NWP and subsequent volcanic ash dispersion forecasts, focusing on the case of Etna’s eruption on March 2021. The results from this case study demonstrate a significant improvement of the volcanic ash simulation when using Aeolus-assimilated meteorological fields, with differences in wind speed reaching up to 8 m/s when compared to the control run. When comparing the volcanic ash forecast profiles with downwind surface-based aerosol lidar observations, the modeled field is consistent with the measurements only when Aeolus winds are assimilated. This result clearly demonstrates the potential of Aeolus and highlights the necessity of future wind profiling satellite missions for improving volcanic ash forecasting and hence aviation safety.
Subarctic-scale transport of 134Cs to ocean surface off northeastern Japan in 2020
Authors: Inoue Mutsuo , Mashita Kaisei , Kameyama Hiroaki , Mitsunushi Hayata , Hatakeyama Yota , Taniuchi Yukiko , Nakanowatari Takuya , Morita Takami , Nagao Seiya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe studied the spatiotemporal variations in134Cs,137Cs, and228Ra concentrations at the sea surface off southeastern Hokkaido, Japan (off-Doto region) from 2018 to 2022 using low-background γ-spectrometry. The134Cs concentrations in the off-Doto region, decay-corrected to the date of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, exhibited wide lateral variation each year (e.g., 0.7–1.1 mBq/L in 2020). By studying the228Ra concentrations and salinity, this variation was explained based on the current mixing patterns. Furthermore, the134Cs concentrations in the waters highly affected by the Oyashio Current (OYC) gradually increased from 2018 to 2020, and subsequently decreased in 2022. This implies that the water mass maximally contaminated with134Cs was transported back to the side of the Japanese islands 10 years after the FDNPP accident along with counter-clockwise currents (e.g., the OYC) in the northern North Pacific Ocean. The134Cs concentrations in the OYC-affected waters in the off-Doto region in 2020 were ~ 1/6 times those in the134Cs-enriched core of waters off the western American Coast in 2015, which can be ascribed to dilution via spatial dispersion during subarctic current circulation. Overall, we elucidated the ocean-scale subarctic current systems in the northwestern North Pacific Ocean, including water circulation timespans.
Anti-human-TIGIT agonistic antibody ameliorates autoimmune diseases by inhibiting Tfh and Tph cells and enhancing Treg cells
Authors: Kojima Marenori , Suzuki Katsuya , Takeshita Masaru , Ohyagi Masaki , Iizuka Mana , Yamane Humitsugu , Koga Keiko , Kouro Taku , Kassai Yoshiaki , Yoshihara Tomoki , Adachi Ryutaro , Hashikami Kentarou , Ota Yuichiro , Yoshimoto Keiko , Kaneko Yuko , Morita Rimpei , Yoshimura Akihiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractT cells play important roles in autoimmune diseases, but it remains unclear how to optimally manipulate them. We focused on the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), a coinhibitory molecule that regulates and is expressed in T cells. In autoimmune diseases, the association between TIGIT-expressing cells and pathogenesis and the function of human-TIGIT (hu-TIGIT) signalling modification have not been fully elucidated. Here we generated anti-hu-TIGIT agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and generated hu-TIGIT knock-in mice to accurately evaluate the efficacy of mAb function. Our mAb suppressed the activation of CD4+ T cells, especially follicular helper T and peripheral helper T cells that highly expressed TIGIT, and enhanced the suppressive function of naïve regulatory T cells. These results indicate that our mAb has advantages in restoring the imbalance of T cells that are activated in autoimmune diseases and suggest potential clinical applications for anti-hu-TIGIT agonistic mAbs as therapeutic agents.
It takes two to tango: cardiac fibroblast-derived NO-induced cGMP enters cardiac myocytes and increases cAMP by inhibiting PDE3
Authors: Menges Lukas , Giesen Jan , Yilmaz Kerem , Mergia Evanthia , Füchtbauer Annette , Füchtbauer Ernst-Martin , Koesling Doris , Russwurm Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of NO/cGMP signalling in cardiac cells is a matter of debate. Recent measurements with a FRET-based cGMP indicator in isolated cardiac cells revealed NO-induced cGMP signals in cardiac fibroblasts while cardiomyocytes were devoid of these signals. In a fibroblast/myocyte co-culture model though, cGMP formed in fibroblasts in response to NO entered cardiomyocytes via gap junctions. Here, we demonstrate gap junction-mediated cGMP transfer from cardiac fibroblasts to myocytes in intact tissue. In living cardiac slices of mice with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of a FRET-based cGMP indicator (αMHC/cGi-500), NO-dependent cGMP signals were shown to occur in myocytes, to depend on gap junctions and to be degraded mainly by PDE3. Stimulation of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase enhanced Forskolin- and Isoproterenol-induced cAMP and phospholamban phosphorylation. Genetic inactivation of NO-GC in Tcf21-expressing cardiac fibroblasts abrogated the synergistic action of NO-GC stimulation on Iso-induced phospholamban phosphorylation, identifying fibroblasts as cGMP source and substantiating the necessity of cGMP-transfer to myocytes. In sum, NO-stimulated cGMP formed in cardiac fibroblasts enters cardiomyocytes in native tissue where it exerts an inhibitory effect on cAMP degradation by PDE3, thereby increasing cAMP and downstream effects in cardiomyocytes. Hence, enhancing β-receptor-induced contractile responses appears as one of NO/cGMP’s functions in the non-failing heart.
Magnonic Klein and acausal tunneling enabled by breaking the anti parity-time symmetry in antiferromagnets
Authors: Yuan Shaohua , Sui Chaowei , Fan Zhengduo , Berakdar Jamal , Xue Desheng , Jia Chenglong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKlein tunneling associated with particle-antiparticle pair productions across a potential barrier is a key prediction of quantum-field theory for relativistic particles. Yet, a direct experimental realization is hampered by the particles large rest mass resulting in high potential barrier. Here, for non-Hermitian antiferromagnets, at the verge of the anti-parity-time symmetry transition, chiral magnons are demonstrated to offer a bosonic platform to access Klein tunneling at meV energies in experimentally feasible settings. Our analytical and numerical simulations evidence that magnetic damping renders a low energy mechanism for the breakdown of the magnonic vacuum and for creating particle-antiparticle pairs in strong magnetic fields. Adopting Feynman’s picture for antiparticles, the tunneling time of an incident magnon wave packet across a supercritical barrier is found to be negative. The uncovered aspects point to the potential of chiral magnons for addressing fundamental physics in a conceptually simple setup with the potential for use in chirality-dependent magnonic computing.
Structured air lasing of N2+
Authors: Gao Jingsong , Zhang Xiang , Wang Yang , Fang Yiqi , Lu Qi , Li Zheng , Liu Yi , Wu Chengyin , Gong Qihuang , Liu Yunquan , Jiang Hongbing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAir lasing is a simple and promising technique to efficiently produce coherent light in the atmosphere. Yet, its capability to obtain structured light like optical vortices or vector beams is still unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the generation of vortex superfluorescent radiation with the same orbital angular momentum as the pump beam, obtained via N2+ lasing by focusing a vortex pump beam on N2 gas. The vortex superfluorescence is amplified without altering the vorticity when seeded by a Gaussian beam, in which the vortex pump beam transfers the spatial spiral phase into the N2+ gain medium and the N2+ lasing obtains the phase information. The same mechanism is applied for a vector pump beam, turning the Gaussian seed into an amplified cylindrical vector beam. We corroborate our mechanism for generating vectorially structured light via air lasing with numerical calculations. This work provides a promising approach to generating structured light via superfluorescence.
Post-annealing optimization of the heteroepitaxial La-doped SrSnO3 integrated on silicon via ALD
Authors: Zhang Yu , Hu Shen , Chen Pei-Yu , Zhu Jiyuan , Chen Bojia , Bai Rongxu , Zhu Hao , Chen Lin , Zhang David W. , Lee Jack C. , Sun Qingqing , Ekerdt John G. , Ji Li 
Published: May 2023

This study demonstrated the successful epitaxy of La-SrSnO3/BaTiO3 on SrTiO3-buffered Si (001) with ALD-deposited La-SrSnO3 and explored the optimization of post-annealing to enhance the capacitance properties of heterostructure.
Real‐time precise orbit determination for FY‐3C and FY‐3D based on BDS and GPS onboard observation
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Wang Liang , Li Zishen , Hoque Mainul , Wang Ningbo , Wei Dongyan , Yuan Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe code multipath error associated with elevation in BDS‐2 is one of the main factors whose impact on the precision of real‐time reduced‐dynamic precise orbit determination (POD) using spaceborne multi‐global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observation data for FengYun‐3C (FY‐3C) and FengYun‐3D (FY‐3D) satellites. The aim is to construct a code multipath piece‐wise linear error model and analyse the contribution of BDS‐2 to the performance of low earth orbit POD. Conclusions are drawn out from the experimental results: (1) the real‐time POD average precision of FY‐3C and FY‐3D is improved by about 11% and 12% after the correction of BDS‐2 code multipath error; (2) Due to the small number of available BDS‐2 satellites and the limited accuracy of geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite real‐time orbit products, the precision of the real‐time overlapping comparison for FY‐3C/FY‐3D by using the BDS‐2 onboard observation data can only reach the decimetre level. However, with the BDS‐2 signal capture capability of the FY‐3D onboard GNSS Occultation Sounder upgraded, the average precision of the BDS‐2‐based POD for FY‐3D is better than that of FY‐3C in each direction and with 10% improvement in the average 3 dimensional‐root mean square (3D‐RMS); (3) Cases of onboard global positioning system (GPS), GPS + BDS‐2 (with GEO), and GPS + BDS‐2 (without GEO) for real‐time POD can meet 5–8 cm precision requirement. The average 3D‐RMS of the real‐time POD for FY‐3C/FY‐3D, which utilises onboard GPS + BDS‐2 data is inferior only to GPS data, owing to the influence of the orbit accuracy of GEO satellites. However, after excluding the influence of GEO satellites, the average result (3D‐RMS) of the real‐time POD for FY‐3C (6.11 cm) and FY‐3D (5.95 cm) is better than those of other cases.
Spin of protoplanets generated by pebble accretion: Influences of protoplanet-induced gas flow
Authors: Takaoka Kohsuke , Kuwahara Ayumu , Ida Shigeru , Kurokawa Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2023

Context. In the pebble accretion model, protoplanets accrete millimeter-to-centimeter-sized particles (pebbles). When a protoplanet grows, a dense gas envelope forms around it. The envelope affects accretion of pebbles and, in particular, the spin angular momentum transfer at the collision to the planet.
Aims. We aim to investigate the spin state of a protoplanet during the pebble accretion influenced by the gas flow in the gravitational potential of the protoplanet and how it depends on the planetary mass, the headwind speed, the distance from the host star, and the pebble size.
Methods. We performed nonisothermal three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations in a local frame to obtain the gas flow around the planet. We then numerically integrated three-dimensional orbits of pebbles under the obtained gas flow. Finally, assuming uniform spatial distribution of incoming pebbles, we calculated net spin by summing up specific angular momentum that individual pebbles transfer to the protoplanet at impacts.
Results. We find that a protoplanet with the envelope acquires prograde net spin rotation regardless of the planetary mass, the pebble size, and the headwind speed of the gas. This is because accreting pebbles are dragged by the envelope that commonly has prograde rotation. As the planetary mass or orbital radius increases, the envelope is thicker and the prograde rotation is faster, resulting in faster net prograde spin. When the dimensionless thermal mass of the planet, m = RBondi/H, where RBondi and H are the Bondi radius and the disk gas scale height, is larger than a certain critical mass (m ≳ 0.3 at 0.1 au or m ≳ 0.1 at 1 au), the spin rotation exceeds the breakup one.
Conclusions. The predicted spin frequency reaches the breakup one at the planetary mass miso,rot ~ 0.1 (a/1 au)−1/2 (where a is the orbital radius), suggesting that the protoplanet cannot grow beyond miso,rot. It is consistent with the Earth’s current mass and could help the formation of the Moon with a giant impact on a fast-spinning proto-Earth.
Determination of Radiation Exposure of Individuals in the Population by Patients after Radioiodine Therapy – Comparison of two Measurement Systems
Authors: Hartmann Holger , Andreeff Michael , Claußnitzer Jörg , Kotzerke Jörg , Brogsitter Claudia 
Published: May 2023

According to the requirements of radiation protection legislation, patients may only be discharged from the nuclear medicine therapy ward if it is ensured that the cumulative radiation exposure of the population is below 1 mSv per year. In the present study, dose measurements of patients after radioiodine therapy (RIT) and their relatives are to be used to prove that the radiation exposure resulting from the medical application is low and that the legal framework conditions are complied with. Furthermore, the results allow conclusions to be drawn about the measurement accuracy of the dosimeters used.Methods: In 147 patients after RIT and their relatives, the dosage was measured over 14 days with different measuring systems. Finger ring dosimeters (FRD) were worn during the whole day, furthermore the dose was determined by non-official OSL and TLD dosimeters during the sleep phase.Results: 88 data sets were used for the final analysis. With the FRD, dose values between 0.1–50 mSv were determined for the patients. As expected, the finger ring dose of the relatives was significantly lower, averaging 0.75 mSv compared to 10 mSv for the patient. For the TLD and OSL used in the sleep phase, the measured values were in the same range. The reproducibility of the measurement results was significantly better for the OSL than for the TLD.Conclusion: Despite method-related measurement uncertainties, it can be concluded that the exposure dose of patients’ relatives after radioiodine therapy is low and that the legal requirements are met. Moreover, the now official OSL dosimeters represent a more accurate and for the chosen measurement task better suited measurement system than the TLD.
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Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome Due to Fibrocartilaginous Embolism—Case Report and Treatment Options
Authors: Menke C. , Wieland I. , Bueltmann E. , Illsinger S. , Hartmann H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcute occlusion of the anterior spinal artery and subsequent spinal ischemic infarction leads to anterior spinal artery syndrome characterized by back pain and bilateral flaccid paresis with loss of protopathic sensibility. As a rare cause fibrocartilaginous embolism has been described and is associated with sports or unusual strain.Following gymnastic exercise the day before symptom-onset, a 11 years old girl presented with neck pain, paresis of arms and legs, and impaired deep tendon reflexes. She was unable to lift her arms, grasp, stand, walk and had urinary incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a longitudinal T2 hyperintense signal in the anterior spinal cord from C3 to C6 with accompanying bilateral diffusion restriction involving gray matter bilaterally at the level of C4 and C5 and unilaterally at the level of C3/4. The adjacent annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc showed a fissure without disc protrusion. Treatment with prednisolone and enoxaparin was started within 12 hours of symptom-onset and continued over 6 days and 8 weeks, respectively. After 2 months, her motor function gradually improved, spinal imaging showed persistent T2 signal hyperintense defects at the level of C4/5. After 5 months, there was only slight impairment affecting elevation and abduction of the right arm.Following physical exercise, the patient suffered from acute anterior spinal cord ischemia with imaging findings in line with a presumed fibrocartilaginous embolism. Unlike most cases, our patient showed almost complete recovery following treatment with prednisolone and enoxaparin. We speculate that the positive outcome is related to rapid treatment initiation.
The impact of perceived risk of online takeout packaging and the moderating role of educational level
Authors: Guo Meiwen , Wu Liang , Tan Cheng Ling , Cheah Jun-Hwa , Aziz Yuhanis Abdul , Peng Jianping , Chiu Chun-Hung , Ren Rongwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of e-commerce and the impact of COVID-19, online takeout has become the first choice of more and more consumers. Previous research has indicated that food packaging is of great significance to marketing performance, yet very little is known about the mechanisms through which food packaging pollution risk affects online takeout consumption. This study proposes an expanded model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by incorporating the Concept of Perceived Risk (CPR) to analyze the mechanism of consumers’ packaging pollution risk perception (PPRP) on their purchasing intention toward online takeout. Online survey was performed to collect data from 336 valid respondents in China, which was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The research findings verify the effectiveness of the TPB in the context of Chinese online takeout. Notably, the PPRP of online takeout was found to have a significant negative impact on consumers’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC). It was also confirmed that consumers’ attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC regarding online takeout partially mediate the negative relationship between PPRP and purchase intention. In addition, the findings corroborate the granular nuances among three groups concerning consumers’ education level. The results do not only provide suggestions to the online takeout industry but also contribute theoretical value and practical significance for the improvement of sustainable food consumption.