bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using PCR and Gel Electrophoresis Techniques to Molecular Confirm and Detection for Flowering Gene Presence in Maize Hybrids
Authors: Al-Baidhani Hadi Hussein , Hadi Banan Hassan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The laboratory experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the Musayyib Bridge Company for Molecular Analyzes in the year 2021-2022 to study the molecular analysis of the inbreed lines and their hybrids F1 to estimate the genetic variation at the level of DNA shown by the selected pure inbreed lines and the resulting hybrids F1 of the flowering gene. Five pure inbreed lines of maize were selected (ZA17WR) Late, ZM74, Late, ZM19, Early ZM49WZ (Zi17WZ, Late, ZM49W3E) and their resulting hybrids, according to the study objective, from fifteen different inbreed lines with flowering time. The five inbreed lines were planted for four seasons (spring and fall 2019) and (spring and fall 2020) in the spring season 2019 the inbreed lines were crossed and flowering time were recorded and in the fall season 2019 they were crossed according to the study objective (late × late), (late × early) and (early) × late) and (early × early) in the third season, The results indicated that the two initiators used with the target flowering gene are highly efficient in diagnosing genetic variations and genetic divergence between the selected inbreed lines and their resulting hybrids F1 according to the different flowering time using PCR Poly Chain Reaction and Gel electrophoresis techniques. ) and the fourth hybrid (early×early) was superior in most of its field traits. It was found that inbreed line No. 15 (ZA17WR) did not show any bands in the interaction of the PCR and the flowering gene, and this is evidence that this inbreed line is counted as being optimal for the target gene and therefore genes or genetic sites may influence the early or delayed flowering time trait Therefore, it needs future studies. The aim of the current study is to know the genetic structures that contain the flowering gene and according to the planting date, whether fall or spring, to take advantage of those results in choosing and determining the appropriate and most appropriate method in the maize crop breeding programs to obtain promising genetic structures in terms of flowering time, whether was early or late. Additionally using two techniques to gather leads to increase the usefulness of these two techniques as the number of examined hybrids and inbred lines continues to increase rapidly.
Detection of some Resistance Genes of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) in some Wheat Cultivars using DNA Marker
Authors: Hasoon Maryem Akbal , Mohmed Ahmed Saeed , Kadhim Jamaal Hussein 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSchizaphis graminumis one of the most important pests that infect wheat, causing great losses to the crop, This study included the detection of sensitive and resistant of some cultivars wheat to greenbug infestation as well as, the detection Gb 8 gene and Gb 3 gene which are responsible for the appearance of resistance in some wheat cultivars against wheat greenbug using two DNA primers. Four cultivars of wheat were used in the study, which is as follows Jehan, Oneha, Wafih, and Babil, The results showed that Oneha variety was the most sensitive cultivars, also the resistance gene Gb 8 gene was presented in Jehan and Babil cultivars while, DNA bands of Gb 3 gene appeared in Jehan, Wafih and Babil cultivars. The detection of greenbug resistance genes in wheat will help in accelerating the breeding program in the future.
Test the Ability of Some Plant Extracts to Resist Aspergillus flavus and Reduce the Production of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Al-Fahdawi Sarah T. A. , Al-Warshan Salim H. S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted in the Plant Pathology Laboratory / College of Agriculture / University of Anbar to study and test the effectiveness of plant extracts (turmeric, pomegranate peel, banana peel) in inhibiting the growth of the fungusAspergillus flavusand test its ability to reduce aflatoxin B1 from liquid media. The plant materials (powders and extracts) were used in three concentrations (0.1, 0.15, 0.2) mg/ml. The results showed that all plant materials were significantly effective in inhibiting the growth ofA. flavusand their ability to reduce aflatoxin B1 from liquid media. Turmeric powder showed its superiority in its inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi on PDA culture medium, as it achieved the highest percentage of inhibition at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml, which amounted to 87.41%. Whereas, banana peel powder gave the lowest inhibition rate at 0.1 mg/ml concentration (64.07%). While the aqueous extract of turmeric achieved inhibition in the growth of the fungus at a concentration of 0.2 mg / ml by 87.41%, outperformed the aqueous extract of pomegranate and banana, where the rates of inhibition reached 86.66% and 82.96%, respectively at the same concentration. In addition, the alcoholic extract of turmeric showed the highest rate of inhibition of fungi growth at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml, which amounted to 94.07%, followed by the alcoholic extract of banana and pomegranate with a percentage of 93.3% and 88.14%, respectively, at the same concentration. The results of adsorption or binding of aflatoxin B1 from liquid media indicated that pomegranate peel powder at a concentration of 0.15 and 0.2 mg/ml showed a high efficiency in reducing aflatoxin reaching 100% compared to the control treatment (166.66 ppb), which is the same as the result of adding banana peel powder at the same concentration. While turmeric powder showed a lower reduction rate of 93.99%. Also, the results of using aqueous extracts showed the superiority of aqueous extracts of turmeric and pomegranate peels on the reduction of aflatoxin B1 by 93.99% at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml for both and 84.99% for banana peels. The results of these ratios did not differ in the ability to absorb aflatoxin when using alcoholic extracts of plants at the same concentration.
Mycosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation as Insecticidal Against the Sunn Pest Eurygaster testudinaria in Vitro
Authors: Jabbar Ahmed Sh. , Mohmed Ahmed Saeed , Hussein Ahmad Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fungi are used to synthesize metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) because of their specifications as lower toxicity and eco-friendly behavior. Extracellular mycosynthesis of Lecanicillium lecanii silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed, which was done by a redox reaction, where the filtrate crude of L. lecanii acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of nanoparticles. The green synthesized AgNPs were evaluated as insecticidal against the adults of sunn pest Eurygaster testudinaria. The AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FITR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption peak at 418.5 nm due to surface plasma resonance. FESEM analysis showed that synthesized AgNPs were semi-spherical with an average size of 39.45 nm. The AgNPs showed strong activity in mortality of adults of E. testudinaria under conditions during different periods of time to recorded 100% at concentration 100 ppm compared with 0.00% in control treatment after 10 days from treatment.
The Relationship Between the Presence of Sunn Pest Eurygaster testudinaria Geoffroy and Its Egg Parasitoids in Najaf Province
Authors: Al-Hadrawi Tamkin I. , AllAllah Anwar Jassam , Abdullah Layth Hamdi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field study was carried out to find presence egg parasitoids on egg masses of sunn pest Eurygaster testudinaria Geoffroy and effect of some climatic conditions such as temperature and relative humidity in Kufa/Najaf province during 2017-2020 seasons. the results showed difference in the prevalence of parasitoids according to the species of parasitoids. The parasitoid O. telenomicida is the most common egg parasitoid in region of study and percentage parasitism ranged 6.06 -18.80% in March and 32.24-55.04% in April for all season. The results also showed that egg parasitoids activity begin in the early spring. The time of presence of parasitoid in the field has varied from year to year depending on the presence of Sunn pest and prevailing weather conditions of temperatures and relative humidity.
Identification agronomic character of local durian parent trees as a step to develop a durian center in Sukowono and Sumberjambe
Authors: Sugiyarto S , Kurniasari L , Harlianingtyas I , Wijayanti R R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Most of the durian plants in Indonesia come from old and grow wild trees, not from tree selection. The durian developed by farmers in Sukowono and Sumberjambe is a local durian trees. This is a factor causing the erosion of germplasm, so that the existence and sustainability of local durian plants is threatened. This fact certainly requires attention from all parties in preserving the parent tree of germplasm, especially by knowing the diversity of durian variants and planting in collection gardens. The parent tree is an individual tree that has the requirements as a seed-producing tree. Steps to determine the diversity of durian can be done by mapping and identifying the character of the durian parent tree. The mapping was carried out through a series of exploration, inventory and characterization activities for durian plants. This activity will help efforts to develop durian fruit that has commercial value while also preserving its genetic resources from extinction. Activities will be held from August to December 2022 in Sukowono and Sumberjambe, Jember Regency. The parameters observed in this activity were tree age, tree height, stem circumference, petiole length, leaf shape, leaf length, leaf width, leaf color, and plant productivity in fruiting each season.
Development of low carbon agriculture and animal husbandry in Thekelan Hamlet, Indonesia using the participatory rural appraisal approach method
Authors: Syafrudin  , Hardyanti N , Juliani H , Octaviani Y N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Thekelan Hamlet has residents with the majority working in the agricultural and livestock sector. Village development through agricultural education and low-carbon animal husbandry is a strategy for utilizing natural potential. Biomasses of livestock manure can be used as liquid organic fertilizer which will increase the selling price of agricultural products and be beneficial to the environment. The potential for the use of livestock manure has not been fully exploited because of the low education, knowledge, and capital that residents have. The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method is used to develop agriculture and low-carbon farms in Thekelan Hamlet. There are three aspects; biogas as the treatment of livestock gas waste, the use of liquid organic fertilizer from livestock manure, and the use of organic pesticides. The results of this study indicate that the community in Thekelan District can apply agriculture and low-carbon farms. The technology used by utilizing livestock manure can reduce household gas emissions in the production process, increase production yields, and increase the level of the community economy. Therefore, the community agrees to contribute and join the development of this program because this can improve the welfare of farmers and benefit the environment.
Effect of modified cassava flour and purple sweet potato flour formulations on the physical and sensory qualities of meses
Authors: Santoso A , Apriliyanti M W , Ardiyansyah M , Prastiwi D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tubers are one of the local commodities that must be developed and have several advantages. This study aims to determine the effect of the formulations of mocaf and purple sweet potato flour on the physical and sensory qualities of the meses. Physical qualities include color, hardness, fracture strenght, volume, while the sensory are color, taste, aroma, texture and aftertaste. The research designs used a completely randomized designs with a ratio of mocaf and purple sweet potato flour treatments. The results of the Analysis of Variance showed the effect of the formulations of mocaf and purple sweet potato flour had significant effects on color (L, a, and b values), hardness, fracture strength, color, taste, and texture. The results had no significant effects on volume, aroma, and aftertaste. Determination of the best treatment using the De Garmo methods is showed the formulation of Mocaf and purple sweet potato flour at 20:80.
Detection of borax on snacks for school children (cilok and siomay) in subang district
Authors: Putri D P , Yulianti L E , Susanti N D , A Putri S K D F 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cilok and siomay are popular snacks for primary to high school students. However, there have been many findings on the addition of harmful additives in these snacks. The aim of this study was identify borax on cilok and siomay qualitatively and quantitatively. The research was conducted using a survey method with a purposive sample. A total of 6 samples of cilok and 8 samples of siomay were obtained from merchants in various schools in Subang district. The detection of borax was carried out by qualitative tests (turmeric paper test, AgNO3 solution test, decay test), quantitative test (titration), texture analysis and color analysis. Based on turmeric paper and AgNO3 solution test, all samples showed positive results. Based on decay test, the cilok and siomay samples could only be stored at room temperature (28°C) for 24 hours. Titration analysis showed that the range of borax content in cilok 0.0907 to 0.5393 % and in siomay from 0.2906 to 1.0550 %. Based on the texture and color analysis, it was found that there was a change in the texture and color of the sample during storage.
Business Development Strategy for Porang Jember Seeds
Authors: Kurniawan B P Y , Galushasti A , Kurniawati Y I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The porang plant has great economic value and is a significant export product; nevertheless, seeds are scarce. Because the government has only provided one kind so far, not all demand for porang seedlings can be satisfied. This study includes exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research. Before proceeding with descriptive analysis, it is carried out to acquire in-depth information on weighing and ratings. They establish numerous company growth methods that may be adopted through theoretical studies and past research. The SWOT matrix is one of the data analysis tools used to discover alternative corporate growth plans. Five possible techniques for developing the porang seed industry on Indobreed Agro Nusantara are suggested. The technological formula is the industry’s major strength, but acquiring porang seeds is a crucial problem. The primary potential is increased demand, while the immediate danger from the sector is government control of porang product distribution. This study yielded various potential tactics that might be implemented to grow the porang seed business at Indobreed Agro Nusantara. People’s business loans can be used to increase business capital by applying to banks and developing manufacturing capability. Modifying the outside form of items into porang flour adheres to the existing porang product industry’s level of exclusivity.
Assessment of the impact of climate change and cultivation conditions on rice yield in Vietnamese Mekong Delta. A case study in Vinh Thanh District, Can Tho city
Authors: Dang L T T , Tran A H , Vu T L T , Nguyen T A T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There has been noticed that the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of extreme weather situations. Some underlying effects of global climate change may cause the hydrological conditions of this delta to shift, and this could eventually cause serious issues for the socio-economic and agricultural systems. Besides, a key part of agricultural productivity is also played by cultivation practices, particularly fertilizer management. Inadequate and inappropriate application of nitrogen will negatively impact the environment and affects the economic value of farmers. Crop simulation models demonstrate their effectiveness in simulating and evaluating nitrogen fertilizer management in order to increase nitrogen use efficiency and prevent environmental contamination. Our research intends to identify how farming and climate affect rice productivity. In this study, the ideal N ratio and the climate change’s impact on paddy rice growth stages in Vinh Thanh district, Can Tho City were determined by using the DSSAT-CERES-Rice. With the value of Correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.8 and index of agreement (d-value) = 0.96, the DSSAT-CERES-Rice model was suitable for simulating rice yield, according to research findings. Additionally, rice yield will alter as meteorological parameters change in the future, and temperature will have the greatest influence on rice output. When the nitrogen fertilization rate in the rice cultivation process is changed to 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha−1, the research results demonstrate that there is no noticeable distinction when comparing the efficiency of nitrogen use as well as the economic efficiency at the above nitrogen ratios. Nevertheless, research findings clearly indicated that fertilizing with nitrogen at a rate of about 80 kg ha−1 will be more effective economically and in terms of nitrogen utilization than other treatments.
Application of GIS and SWMM model to assess urban flooding in Metro Residential Area of Ninh Kieu District
Authors: Ngan Nguyen Thanh , Trung Nguyen Hieu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ninh Kieu District is an urban district with a rapid urbanization rate and a complex dimension. This factor has made urban flooding in this district very serious. Metro Residential Area is one of the areas currently being strongly affected by urban flooding in Ninh Kieu District. This research is conducted to apply GIS and SWMM model to assess urban flooding in Metro Residential Area. GIS is used to digitize the drainage system, while SWMM model is used to simulate urban flooding in the study area. Research results have shown the flood level, flood time, flood volume, flow velocity and frequently flooded locations in Metro Residential Area. This is an important basis for the development of solutions to reduce flooding, thereby reducing the impact of urban flooding and improving the quality of life of the residential community living in the study area.
Impacts of urbanization and climate change on surface runoff in Thu Duc City, Vietnam
Authors: Quang C N X , Giang N N H , Thinh N T P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Thu Duc City (TDC), a sub-city of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, has undergone rapid transformation in land use - land cover (LULC) over the past few decades. Flooding is one of the biggest challenges to the sustainable development of the city. Quantifying excess runoff induced by urbanization and climate change is essential for developing an efficient flood risk management strategy. This research aims to evaluate the effects of the impervious surface expansion (a key indicator of urbanization) and the rainfall increase caused by climate change on the excess runoff depth in TDC. The dataset derived from LANDSAT satellite images was used to explore the spatial-temporal dynamics of impervious surface areas from 1985 to 2020. The EPA-SWMM urban rainfall-runoff model was employed to investigate the effects of increased impervious surface and climate change on excess runoff depth. The satellite data showed that TDC has 24% of the impermeable surface area currently, much lower than 75.6% in areas located in the central districts such as Nhieu Loc – Thi Nghe (NL-TN) basin, and that impermeable areas have expanded rapidly in the north-south and west-east directions since 2010. The simulated results indicated that impervious surface development increased excess runoff depth by 14.0mm between 1985 and 2020. It also showed that increasing rainfall due to climate change could raise the average excess runoff depth by 18.2%, 64.0%, and 49.4%, respectively, at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the century compared to the current stage. It suggests mainstreaming stormwater retention and detention systems into urban development plans for adapting to the future uncertainties of urbanization and climate change. It also recommends that the impervious surface areas must be maintained within design thresholds to control runoff and mitigate floods in practice. The research findings could assist policymakers and stakeholders in formulating a long-term vision to propose an efficient urban stormwater management strategy in TDC and similar growing cities.
A Combination of Low-cost, Dual-frequency, Multi-GNSS Receiver and CORS Network for Precise Positioning Applications in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Nhut-Thanh , Nguyen Huynh-Nhu-Y , Le Vo-Quang-Thai , Nguyen Chanh-Nghiem , Nguyen Chi-Ngon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Although Real-time kinematic (RTK) is a positioning technique with high accuracy at the centimeter level, the investment cost for this positioning technique is relatively high. To reduce the investment cost, low-cost, dual-frequency, multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers can be considered. In Vietnam, the Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) network has operated and covered the whole country. Therefore, the combination of low-cost, dual-frequency, multi-GNSS receivers and the CORS network can make RTK positioning easier and less expensive. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of applying the RTK positioning technique using a low-cost, dual-frequency, multi-GNSS receiver and the CORS network in Vietnam. In this study, four positioning experiments were performed in static and kinematic modes, and at near and far locations in which the rover was about 3 km and 30 km from the CORS station, respectively. Experiments conducted near the CORS station gave good results with the average standard deviation of 0.2 cm for static positioning and average deviation of 2.2 cm for kinematic positioning, and the FIX rate of greater than 95%. Therefore, the experimental results show the excellent potential of RTK positioning using low-cost, dual-frequency, multi-constellation receivers with the CORS network in Vietnam.
Creating a database with information about Vietnam’s administrative boundaries
Authors: Phan T N Q , Dinh T B H , Hoang N L , Pham T D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study is based on the current state of management and legal documents in Vietnam. The documents related to national borders and territories, documents signed by Vietnam, and international treaties to which Vietnam is a member. Administrative boundaries on the mainland have documents guiding the determination of administrative boundaries. The administrative boundary consists of the land part and the sea part. There is no record of defining administrative boundaries at sea. This study proposes a number of options for determining maritime boundaries (internal waters) for the coastal provinces of Vietnam. Administrative boundary records, maps, and national geographic databases are used to build the administrative boundary database. The research results provide suitable technical solutions to determine the maritime boundary, taking into account the morphological features of the coast. The administrative boundary database is fully built, legal, unified, and included in the management system. The administrative boundary database management system is centrally managed and is capable of providing information to organizations and individuals in need.