bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bowel habits in healthy infants and the prevalence of functional constipation, infant colic and infant dyschezia
Authors: Gatzinsky Cathrine , Sillén Ulla , Thornberg Sarah , Sjöström Sofia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimDuring infancy bowel habits change. Most infants with gastrointestinal problems have a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), a major reason for visiting paediatricians. This study aims to provide data on stool frequency and consistency during the first year, prevalence rates for functional constipation (FC) and to establish associations with relevant demographic data. The occurrence of infant colic (IC) and infant dyschezia (ID) was also reported.MethodsThis prospective observational birth‐cohort study enrolled 122 healthy full‐term infants. Questionnaires were completed at 2 weeks and 2, 6 and 12 months.ResultsStool frequency decreased with age and consistency changed, with fewer runny stools. At 2 weeks, 24.3% had at least one of the studied FGID. FC was found in 2.6%–14.3% (up to 12 months), IC was found in 4.9%–3.4% (up to 2 months) and ID in 22.1%–3.9% (up to 6 months). Infants with an FGID had a lower weight and more healthcare visits than infants without. Breastfeeding and a high percentage of runny stools at 2 weeks of age decreased the odds of developing FC.ConclusionData on bowel habits and the prevalence of FC, IC and ID are presented. FGID during infancy is common and affects children's well‐being, while their families need support and advice.
Accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer by combining Proclarix with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Morote Juan , Pye Hayley , Campistol Miriam , Celma Anna , Regis Lucas , Semidey Maria , de Torres Ines , Mast Richard , Planas Jacques , Santamaria Anna , Trilla Enrique , Athanasiou Alcibiade , Singh Saurabh , Heavey Susan , Stopka‐Farooqui Urszula , Freeman Alex , Haider Aiman , Schiess Ralph , Whitaker Hayley C. , Punwani Shonit , Ahmed Hashim U. , Emberton Mark 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo assess of the clinical performance of Proclarix® (a novel Conformité Européenne [CE]‐marked biomarker test aiding in the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer [csPCa]) alone or in combination with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to predict csPCa (International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group ≥2).Patients and MethodsThe study included blood samples from 721 men undergoing mpMRI followed by biopsy at University College London, London, and Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona. Samples were tested blindly. The Proclarix‐MRI model combining prostate volume, Proclarix and mpMRI results was trained using the UCL cohort (n = 159) and validated in the Vall d’Hebron cohort (n = 562). Its diagnostic performance was established in correlation to biopsy outcome and compared to available clinical parameters and risk calculators.ResultsClinical performance of the Proclarix‐MRI model in the validation cohort did not significantly differ from the training cohort and resulted in a sensitivity for csPCa of 90%, 90% negative predictive value and 66% positive predictive value. The Proclarix‐MRI score's specificity (68%) was significantly (P < 0.001) better than the MRI‐European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer risk score (51%), Proclarix (27%) or mpMRI (28%) alone. In addition, Proclarix by itself was found to be useful in the MRI Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score 3 subgroup by outperforming prostate‐specific antigen density in terms of specificity (25% vs 13%, P = 0.004) at 100% sensitivity.ConclusionWhen combined with mpMRI and prostate volume, Proclarix reliably predicted csPCa and ruled out men with no or indolent cancer. A large reduction of two thirds of unneeded biopsies was achieved. Proclarix can further be used with high confidence to reliably detect csPCa in men with an indeterminate PI‐RADS score 3 mpMRI. Despite these encouraging results, further validation is needed.
Fecundity trends of Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Malick Michael J. , Losee James P. , Marston Gary , Agha Mickey , Berejikian Barry A. , Beckman Brian R. , Cooper Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFecundity is an important demographic parameter that contributes to the productivity of anadromous fish stock dynamics. Yet, studies on fecundity patterns in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchusspp.) often only include a few years of data, limiting our ability to understand spatio‐temporal trends. Here, we used data on 43 hatchery Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha, Salmonidae) populations in Washington State to evaluate whether average fecundity changed over the past three decades. We then used data from a subset of stocks (18) to evaluate the relationship between fecundity and body length. Our results revealed significant changes in fecundity across the 25‐year study period with most stocks showing declines in fecundity over the past decade. Results further showed that Chinook salmon have decreased in length over this same period and that annual variation in mean length explains a majority (62%) of annual variation in mean fecundity. Specifically, we estimated that a 1‐mm reduction in length results in 7.8 fewer eggs (95% CI = 6.6–8.9). Given that the majority of Pacific Northwest Chinook salmon in the environment and harvested in fisheries originate from hatchery releases and that nearby hatchery and wild populations generally have similar ocean distributions, these results likely reflect patterns for many populations not included. Combined, our results highlight the need to consider changes in body size and egg production when assessing the dynamics of anadromous fish populations and designing management or conservation plans, particularly for depressed populations.
Diagnostic utility of the lymphoid screening tube supplemented with TRBC1 for the assessment of T‐cell clonality
Authors: Blomme S. , Nollet F. , Boeckx N. , Cauwelier B. , Snauwaert S. , Emmerechts J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionFlow cytometric panels for the investigation of lymphoproliferative disorders, such as the EuroFlow Lymphoid Screening Tube (LST), often fail to demonstrate T‐cell clonality, as a suitable clonality marker was unavailable until recently. Aim of this study was to evaluate the added value of supplementing TRBC1, a flow cytometric T‐cell clonality marker, to the LST.MethodsFlow cytometric analysis was performed on 830 routine samples referred to our lab for suspicion of hematological malignancy. T‐cells with monotypic TRBC1‐expression were additionally characterized with a 12‐color T‐cell tube and molecular T‐cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement (TRG).ResultsLST analysis revealed 97 (11.7%) samples with the presence of a monotypic T‐cell population according to TRBC1, including 21 (2.5%) “high‐count” (≥500 cells/μL blood or ≥15% of lymphocytes) and 76 (9.2%) “low‐count” (<500 cells/μL blood or <15% of lymphocytes) populations. Clinical symptoms indicative for T‐CLPD could be correlated to 11/21 “high‐count” and 17/76 “low‐count” monotypic T‐cell populations. Molecular TRG analysis demonstrated a monoclonal result in 76% (16/21) of “high‐count” samples and in 64% (42/66; 10 samples not tested) of “low‐count” samples, but also in 9/20 samples with polytypic TRBC1 results.ConclusionAnalysis of an LST tube supplemented with TRBC1 led to the detection of a high number of monotypic T‐cell populations. The detection of numerous small monotypic T‐cell populations raises the question of their clinical significance. A possible flowchart for assessment of these populations, based on the available literature, is proposed. Molecular TRG analysis is complementary and cannot be omitted from T‐cell clonality assessment.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy can detect the invasive component of lentigo maligna melanoma: Prospective analysis and case–control study
Authors: Gouveia Bruna Melhoranse , Carlos Giuliana , Wadell Andreanne , Sinz Christoph , Ahmed Tasnia , Lo Serigne N. , Rawson Robert V. , Ferguson Peter M. , Scolyer Richard A. , Guitera Pascale 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLentigo maligna (LM), a form of melanoma in situ, has no risk of causing metastasis unless dermal invasive melanoma (LMM) supervenes. Furthermore, the detection of invasion impacts prognosis and management.ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of RCM for the detection of invasion component on LM/LMM lesions.MethodsIn the initial case–control study, the performance of one expert in detecting LMM at the time of initial RCM assessment of LM/LMM lesions was recorded prospectively (n = 229). The cases were assessed on RCM‐histopathology correlation sessions and a panel with nine RCM features was proposed to identify LMM, which was subsequently tested in a subset of initial cohort (n = 93) in the matched case–control study by two blinded observers. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to evaluate RCM features predictive of LMM. Reproducibility of assessment of the nine RCM features was also evaluated.ResultsA total of 229 LM/LMM cases evaluated by histopathology were assessed blindly and prospectively by an expert confocalist. On histopathology, 210 were LM and 19 were LMM cases. Correct identification of an invasive component was achieved for 17 of 19 LMM cases (89%) and the absence of a dermal component was correctly diagnosed in 190 of 210 LM cases (90%). In the matched case–control (LMM n = 35, LM n = 58), epidermal and junctional disarray, large size of melanocytes and nests of melanocytes were independent predictors of LMM on multivariate analysis. The interobserver analysis demonstrated that these three features had a fair reproducibility between the two investigators (K = 0.4). The multivariable model including those three features showed a high predictive performance AUC = 74% (CI 95% 64–85%), with sensitivity of 63% (95% CI 52–78%) and specificity of 79% (CI 95% 74–88%), and likelihood ratio of 18 (p‐value 0.0026).ConclusionThree RCM features were predictive for identifying invasive melanoma in the background of LM.
Evidence on economies of scale in local public service provision: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gómez‐Reino Juan Luis , Lago‐Peñas Santiago , Martinez‐Vazquez Jorge 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe standard theory of optimal jurisdictional size hinges on the existence of economies of scale in the provision of local public goods and services. However, despite its relevance for forced local amalgamation programs and related policies, the empirical evidence on the existence of such economies of scale remains elusive. The main goal of this paper is to produce an updated and comprehensive quantitative review of the existence of economies of scale in the provision of local public goods using a meta‐analysis approach to systematize the wide range of empirical approaches and modeling frameworks found in the previous literature. Our analysis confirms the presence of moderately increasing to constant returns to scale in the provision of local services with no reduction in the average costs of production in the delivery of most local public services beyond a certain, modest jurisdictional size, which many studies have estimated at 10,000 residents. Also, the potential for economies of scale differs at least across three traditional services: education, water and sanitation, and garbage collection, being highest for education and lowest for garbage collection. Our analysis also offers guidelines for future empirical research in this area. Physical output and production cost data should be used, together with translog specifications for the modeling of cost functions. Last, we find evidence that the determinants of output cost elasticity include bidirectional publication bias and population density but do not include the presence or absence of modern “lean” production technologies or the (perceived) capital intensity of the sector, contrary to conventional wisdom. These findings have significant policy implications for countries considering jurisdictional consolidation programs.
The diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus: A model alga to understand cold‐adapted life
Authors: Otte Antonia , Winder Johanna C. , Deng Longji , Schmutz Jeremy , Jenkins Jerry , Grigoriev Igor V. , Hopes Amanda , Mock Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiatoms are significant primary producers especially in cold, turbulent, and nutrient‐rich surface oceans. Hence, they are abundant in polar oceans, but also underpin most of the polar food webs and related biogeochemical cycles. The cold‐adapted pennate diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus is considered a keystone species in polar oceans and sea ice because it can thrive under different environmental conditions if temperatures are low. In this perspective paper, we provide insights into the latest molecular work that has been done on F. cylindrus and discuss its role as a model alga to understand cold‐adapted life.
Hepatitis D virus infection: Progress on the path toward disease control and cure
Authors: Sulkowski Mark S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the impact of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection as a major cause of liver‐related morbidity and mortality in people with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The article reviews the current knowledge and unanswered questions about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of HDV infection. Although effective treatments for HDV infection have been elusive, interferon alfa is recommended for at least 48 weeks. However, response rates with standard‐of‐care peginterferon alfa are suboptimal, leading to few patients with a sustained virologic response. The article proposes novel approaches to treating HDV and HBV, including targeting reduction or loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reduction, and discusses potential strategies for achieving HBsAg loss in patients with chronic HBV infection. Finally, the article discusses the landmark decision of accepting viral and biochemical surrogates by regulatory authorities, opening the door for the clinical development of drugs for patients with HDV infection.
The birthplace bias of teleworking: Consequences for working conditions
Authors: Moreno Galbis Eva , Carranza Felipe Trillos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe massive shift towards teleworking during the COVID pandemic relatively deteriorated working conditions of people occupying positions that could not be teleworked because they were more exposed to the risk of infection. Exploiting French data, we analyse the differential changes in sorting across occupations of immigrants and natives during years preceding the pandemic. Immigrants sorted relatively more into occupations intensive in non‐routine manual tasks. These occupations cannot be teleworked. We find an increase in immigrants' sorting into occupations intensive in non‐routine interactive and analytical tasks. However, in contrast with natives, immigrants were moving away from occupations intensively using new technologies.
Rapid adaptation of recombining populations on tunable fitness landscapes
Authors: Li Juan , Amado André , Bank Claudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow does standing genetic variation affect polygenic adaptation in recombining populations? Despite a large body of work in quantitative genetics, epistatic and weak additive fitness effects among simultaneously segregating genetic variants are difficult to capture experimentally or to predict theoretically. In this study, we simulated adaptation on fitness landscapes with tunable ruggedness driven by standing genetic variation in recombining populations. We confirmed that recombination hinders the movement of a population through a rugged fitness landscape. When surveying the effect of epistasis on the fixation of alleles, we found that the combined effects of high ruggedness and high recombination probabilities lead to preferential fixation of alleles that had a high initial frequency. This indicates that positive epistatic alleles escape from being broken down by recombination when they start at high frequency. We further extract direct selection coefficients and pairwise epistasis along the adaptive path. When taking the final fixed genotype as the reference genetic background, we observe that, along the adaptive path, beneficial direct selection appears stronger and pairwise epistasis weaker than in the underlying fitness landscape. Quantitatively, the ratio of epistasis and direct selection is smaller along the adaptive path () than expected. Thus, adaptation on a rugged fitness landscape may lead to spurious signals of direct selection generated through epistasis. Our study highlights how the interplay of epistasis and recombination constrains the adaptation of a diverse population to a new environment.
Geology, mineralization and calcite‐rich potassic alteration at the Humpa Leu East (HLE) porphyry Cu‐Au prospect, Hu'u district, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia
Authors: Fadlin  , Takahashi Ryohei , Agangi Andrea , Sato Hinako , Idrus Arifudin , Sutopo Bronto , Pratiwinda Rachmat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Humpa Leu East (HLE) prospect is one of the newly discovered porphyry Cu‐Au prospects in the Hu'u district, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. The HLE prospect was formed by calc‐alkaline magmatic activity in an active continental margin setting. The prospect is typical calc‐alkaline porphyry Cu‐Au mineralization related to multiphase diorite and quartz diorite porphyry intrusions, which are hosted by andesitic crystalline tuff, volcanic breccia, and andesite lava. Hydrothermal alteration recognized at the surface includes potassic, propylitic, advanced argillic, intermediate argillic, and argillic alteration. Two styles of Cu‐Au mineralization were identified in the HLE prospect, that is, quartz‐sulfide veins and sulfide dissemination, formed in the early, intermediate, and late stages. The early stage is associated with M (magnetite ± bornite ± chalcopyrite), A (quartz + magnetite), and AB (quartz + magnetite + chalcopyrite ± pyrite) veins. These veins were mainly formed in the potassic alteration zone. The intermediate stage is characterized by B (quartz + chalcopyrite + pyrite) and C (chalcopyrite ± pyrite) veins and mainly associated with the chlorite‐sericite and sericite alteration zones. The late stage is mainly associated with D (calcite + gypsum + quartz + pyrite ± chalcopyrite ± sphalerite ± galena) veins with sericite‐chlorite alteration halo. Petrography and electron microprobe analyses indicate that calcite mainly replaced Ca‐rich plagioclase. Fluid inclusion petrography and Raman spectroscopy revealed that monophase vapor inclusions, as well as two‐phase (V + L) and multiphase (V + S + L) fluid inclusions contain CO2 gas. The potassic alteration with significant amounts of calcite is indicative of CO2‐rich fluids, which is uncommon in other porphyry Cu‐Au deposits. On the basis of textural and fluid inclusion analyses, calcite formed by a reaction between Ca‐rich plagioclase and CO2‐rich hydrothermal fluids. The CO2 in the hydrothermal fluids of the HLE prospect was likely derived from the magma.
Effectiveness of various methods of manual scar therapy
Authors: Lubczyńska Agnieszka , Garncarczyk Agnieszka , Wcisło‐Dziadecka Dominika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe skin is a protective barrier of the body against external factors, and its damage leads to a loss of integrity. Normal wound healing results in a correct, flat, bright, and flexible scar. Initial skin damage and patient specific factors in wound healing contribute that many of these scars may progress into widespread or pathologic hypertrophic and keloid scars. The changes in cosmetic appearance, continuing pain, and loss of movement due to contracture or adhesion and persistent pruritis can significantly affect an individual's quality of life and psychological recovery post injury. Many different treatment methods can reduce the trauma and surgical scars. Manual scar treatment includes various techniques of therapy. The most effectiveness is a combined therapy, which has a multidirectional impact. Clinical observations show an effectiveness of manual scar therapy.Material and methodsThe aim of this work was to evaluate effectiveness of the scar manual therapy combined with complementary methods on the postoperative scars. Treatment protocol included two therapies during 30 min per week for 8 weeks. Therapy included manual scar manipulation, massage, cupping, dry needling, and taping.ResultsTreatment had a significant positive effect to influence pain, pigmentation, pliability, pruritus, surface area, and scar stiffness. Improvement of skin parameters (scar elasticity, thickness, regularity, color) was also noticed.ConclusionTo investigate the most effective manual therapy strategy, further studies are needed, evaluating comparisons of different individual and combined scar therapy modalities.
Subcutaneous fat infiltration into the dermal layer induces wrinkle formation
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWrinkles appear with aging, producing an aged impression, but the mechanism of wrinkle formation has not yet been fully elucidated. We recently reported that subcutaneous fat infiltrates into the dermal layer with aging and impairs skin elasticity, but the contribution of this process to wrinkle formation is still unclear.PurposeWe aimed to clarify the contribution of dermal fat infiltration to wrinkle formation by analyzing the relationship between them in the forehead of female volunteers.MethodsWe measured the severity of fat infiltration in the forehead of 29 middle‐aged female volunteers by means of ultrasonography. Fixed wrinkles present when the eyes were closed and wrinkles transiently formed when the eyes were open were evaluated using a photograph‐based 6‐grade evaluation system for each type of wrinkle.ResultsFat infiltration at the forehead area was observed similarly to that in the cheek area as we reported previously. We found that opening the eyes induced the formation of stable transient wrinkles, the grade of which was significantly related to fat infiltration severity. Furthermore, fat infiltration was also significantly related to the severity of fixed wrinkles. Moreover, the severity of transient wrinkles was significantly related to that of fixed wrinkles.ConclusionsOur results suggest that fat infiltration into the dermal layer enhances transient wrinkle formation during facial expression by impairing the ability of the skin to resist deformation, thereby promoting fixed wrinkle formation. Therefore, fat infiltration is a critical cause of wrinkle formation.
Firm‐level characteristics and the impact of COVID‐19: Examining the effects of foreign ownership and international trade
Authors: Jordaan Jacob A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing a large multi‐country firm‐level data set from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, we examine whether multinational corporations (MNCs) differ from domestic firms in the prevalence and size of the impact of COVID‐19 on sales. Our findings reveal significant differences between MNCs and domestic firms, especially when accounting for the interplay between foreign ownership and international trade. Exporting MNCs are significantly less likely to experience a negative sales impact; this finding is robust to controlling for firm characteristics including size, age and productivity and the use of a propensity score reweighting approach based on the likelihood that a firm was foreign owned prior to the onset of the pandemic. Regarding the impact of the pandemic on the level of sales decrease, trading MNCs experience a significantly smaller negative impact. However, MNCs with joint high levels of imports and exports sustain a larger negative effect. MNCs operating in countries and sectors characterised by a high degree of participation in international production networks are less affected by the pandemic. When controlling for the interaction between MNCs and international trade, we also find a direct positive effect of foreign ownership on the size of sales decrease, representing a liability of foreignness effect.