bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to update a living systematic review and keep it alive during a pandemic: a practical guide
Authors: Heron Leonie , Buitrago-Garcia Diana , Ipekci Aziz Mert , Baumann Rico , Imeri Hira , Salanti Georgia , Counotte Michel Jacques , Low Nicola 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of living systematic reviews. The speed of evidence generated during the covid-19 pandemic accentuated the challenges of managing high volumes of research literature.
Methods
In this article, we summarise the characteristics of ongoing living systematic reviews on covid-19 and we follow a life cycle approach to describe key steps in a living systematic review.
Results
We identified 97 living systematic reviews on covid-19, which focused mostly on the effects of pharmacological interventions (n = 46, 47%) or the prevalence of associated conditions or risk factors (n = 30, 31%). The scopes of several reviews overlapped considerably. Most living systematic reviews included both observational and randomised study designs (n = 45, 46%). Only one third of the reviews has been updated at least once (n = 34, 35%). We address practical aspects of living systematic reviews including how to judge whether to start a living systematic review, methods for study identification and selection, data extraction and evaluation, and give recommendations at each step, drawing from our own experience. We also discuss when it is time to stop and how to publish updates.
Conclusions
Methods to improve the efficiency of searching, study selection, and data extraction using machine learning technologies are being developed, their performance and applicability, particularly for reviews based on observational study designs should improve, and ways of publishing living systematic reviews and their updates will continue to evolve. Finally, knowing when to end a living systematic review is as important as knowing when to start.
WNT and VEGF/PDGF signaling regulate self-renewal in primitive mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Mazzella Matteo , Walker Keegan , Cormier Christina , Kapanowski Michael , Ishmakej Albi , Saifee Azeem , Govind Yashvardhan , Chaudhry G. Rasul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Therapeutic use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is hampered due to poor growth and limited self-renewal potential. The self-renewal potential of MSCs is also affected during propagation and changes are poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the self-renewal of primitive (p) MSCs.
Methods
pMSCs were cultured to low passage (LP), P3, and high passage (HP), P20, in fetal bovine serum medium (FM) and xeno-free medium (XM). The characteristics of LP and HP pMSCs were evaluated for morphology, expression of cell surface markers, doubling time (DT), colony forming efficiency (CFE), proliferation by BrdU assay, telomerase activity and trilineage differentiation. We then examined transcriptome and nucleosome occupancies using RNA-seq and MNase-seq, respectively analyses.
Results
pMSCs grown in FM gradually changed morphology to large elongated cells and showed a significant reduction in the expression of CD90 and CD49f, CFE, proliferation, and telomerase activity. In addition, cells had a greater propensity to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage. In contrast, pMSCs grown in XM maintained small fibroblastoid morphology, self-renewal, and differentiation potential. Transcriptomic analysis showed upregulation of genes involved in self-renewal, cell cycle, and DNA replication in XM-grown pMSCs. Whereas senescence genes were upregulated in cells in FM. MNase-seq analysis revealed less nucleosomal occupancies in self-renewal genes and senescence genes in pMSCs grown in XM and FM, respectively. The expression of selected genes associated with self-renewal, cell cycle, DNA replication, differentiation, and senescence was confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results led us to propose signaling pathways involved in the self-renewal and senescence of pMSCs.
Conclusion
We conclude that the self-renewal potential of pMSCs is controlled by WNT and VEGF/PDGF, but TGFβ and PI3K signaling induce senescence.
Unique Properties of Clinical Manifestation and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Differential Diagnosis of Optic Nerve Hemangioblastoma
Authors: Liu Hongjuan , Yang Bentao , Chen Yue , Guo Sitong , jiang libin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
To investigate the unique properties of clinical manifestation and radiological imaging for differential diagnosis of optic nerve hemangioblastoma (ONH) from adult optic nerve glioma (ONG) prior to surgical resection.
Methods
ONH and adult ONG patients were recruited from 2012 to 2022.
Results
A total of seven ONH patients (8 eyes) and 23 adult ONG patients (24 eyes) were assessed. The median onset age of ONH patients (39 years) was older than that of adult ONG patients (27 years) (p = 0.007). 42.9% of ONH patients were closely associated with the diagnosis of VHL syndrome. Notably in MRI, the retrobulbar hemangioblastomas in all ONH patients were primarily intraorbital (100%) and canalicular (87.5%), and anterior intracranial (12.5%), especially concentrated in the orbital apex, with little posterior optic pathway involvement. Nearly all affected parts of optic nerve in the ONH group (6/8, 75.0%) presented with circumscribed cyst-solid components, characterized by cystic lesions in the front (peritumoral edema) and solid tumors in the back. The tumor presented typically with hypo- or isointense on the non-contrast T1-weighted images, and hyper- or isointense on the T2-weighted images (hyperintense pretumor cystic lesion, slight hyper-/isointense solid lesion), and the solid part appeared with significant heterogeneous enhancement.
Conclusion
Optic nerve tumors in those with older ages (> 30 years) or those diagnosed with VHL syndrome are more likely to be indicative of ONH. In the absence of associated VHL syndrome, MRI images presenting with circumscribed cyst-solid components (peritumoral edema and posterior solid tumor) especially concentrated in the orbital apex, with a heterogeneous enhancement of the solid part in the postcontrast study, is the unique property of ONH for differentiation.
Chromosomal polymorphisms and susceptibility to menstrual disorders: a retrospective analysis of 24,578 wemen
Authors: Cheng Ran , Luo Xiaoyan , Zhou Wenjie , Zhou Xiaoyang , Nie Ying , Qiao Xiaoyong , Yang Zhilan , Xu Liang zhi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the association between the polymorphic variants of chromosomes and menstrual disorders.Methods The data from our previous retrospective, single-center cohort study were re-analyzed. Women with regular menstruation were included as controls. Women with menstrual cycle abnormalities were subgrouped according to reproductive causes. Frequency of chromosomal polymorphisms were compared between groups. Regression analysis were used to adjust for potential confounding variables.Result A total of 24,578 women composing of 8,062 women with regular cycles as the control group and 16,516 women as the menstrual cycle irregularity group were included. When compared with control group, the incidence of chromosomal polymorphisms in the total menstrual cycle irregularity group, Polycystic ovary syndrome group and Primary ovarian insufficiency group were significantly higher (4.49% versus 5.34%, P = 0.004, 4.49% versus 5.35%, P = 0.018 and 4.49% versus 5.94%, P = 0.002, respectively). The incidences of inv(9) in Primary ovarian insufficiency group were significantly higher than that in the control individuals (1.0% versus 1.6%, P = 0.024). Logistic regression analysis showed an effect of chromosomal polymorphisms on menstrual cycle irregularity (OR: 1.62, 95%CI: 1.234–2.187, P = 0.007; adjusted OR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.153–1.819, P < 0.001). The result demonstrated an effect of chromosomal polymorphisms on Primary ovarian insufficiency group (OR: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.307–5.177, P < 0.001; adjusted OR: 2.61, 95%CI: 1.371–4.605, P < 0.001).Conclusion The study suggests chromosomal polymorphisms adversely affect female menstrual cycle irregularity.
Estimating and displaying population attributable fractions using the R package graphPAF
Authors: Ferguson John , O'Connell Maurice 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

graphPAF is a comprehensive R package designed for estimation, inference and display of population attributable fractions (PAF)s and impact fractions. In addition to allowing inference for standard PAFs and impact fractions, graphPAF facilitates display of PAFs over multiple risk factors using fan plots and nomograms, calculations of PAFs for continuous exposures, inference for PAFs appropriate for specific risk factor → mediator → outcome pathways (pathway-specific PAFs) and Bayesian network based calculations and inference for joint, sequential and average PAFs in scenarios where multiple risk factors are of interest. In summary, graphPAF extends and consolidates existing packages for PAF estimation in multiple ways. This article serves as a broad overview of theory and estimation approaches appropriate for attributable fractions, as well as a guide regarding how to use the graphPAF package in practice.
Lateral behaviour of unreinforced masonry walls with different types of opening and effect of strengthening measures: A computational approach
Authors: Debnath Pranoy , Dutta Sekhar Chandra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The present paper addresses a sophisticated numerical modeling technique using a plasticity-based simplified micro-model method and the extended finite element method (XFEM) for simulating the nonlinear behaviour of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls with different types of sizes and positions of openings. The validity of this model has been proven by comparing the results subjected to a similar loading obtained by the experimental approach. Thereafter, the validated computational model is used to study the behaviour of the 3D URM wall model with different opening percentages. The effect of the position of the openings is also studied. Further, the load-displacement curves are drawn to provide a clear idea about the load-carrying capacity of the same URM walls. The hysteretic behaviour obtained in each models under cyclic loading gives an idea about the energy dissipation capacity of each of the models studied. The same walls are analyzed by strengthening the walls with two cost-effective materials, wire mesh and polypropylene bands. Since the study on lateral behaviour of masonry walls, particularly regarding the effect of area and the position of the opening, is extremely terse, the present detailed study is believed to be helpful in reducing the seismic vulnerability of actual masonry structures, which always have openings with different sizes and positions.
Dynamics and embedded solitons of stochastic quadratic χ(2) and cubic χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities with multiplicative white noise in the Itô sense
Authors: Li Zhao , Peng Chen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics and embedded solitons of stochastic quadratic χ(2) and cubic χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities in the Itˆo sense. Firstly, two-dimensional dynamics system and its perturbation system are obtained by using travelling wave transformation. Secondly, phase portraits of two-dimensional dynamics system are plotted. What’s more, chaotic behaviors, two-dimensional phase portraits, three-dimensional phase portraits and sensitivity of the perturbation system are analyzed by using the Maple software. Finally, the embedded solitons of stochastic quadratic χ(2) and cubic χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities are obtained. Moreover, three-dimensional and two-dimension of stochastic quadratic χ(2) and cubic χ(3) nonlinear susceptibilities are plotted.
Impact of Healthcare System and Patient Factors on Telemedicine Adoption
Authors: Cesar Trevor C. , Goharderakshan Nathan , Li Qiaowu , Tovar Stephanie , Chien Gary W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Telemedicine has become one of the standards in healthcare delivery, particularly since onset of the COVID pandemic. However, healthcare disparities in telemedicine care delivery among historically disadvantaged groups remains unclear with most studies demonstrating its persistence. We aim to evaluate patient and healthcare system factors in telemedicine utilization in a large, diverse population.
Methods:
Retrospective study of patient visits across Kaiser Permanente Southern California between January 1, 2019, and June 30, 2021. Patient factors included age, gender, ethnicity, median household income, primary spoken/written language, marital status, and registration on kp.org. Healthcare factors included type of visit, provider age, gender, specialty, number of years in practice and primary language. Rates of utilization compared between office and virtual visits, prior to and after March 2020, with an interrupted time series and slope analysis.
Results:
There were 177,171,288 visits during the study period. There was a decrease in patient visits after March 2020 (lockdown), driven by a sharp decline in office visits. Within three months of lockdown, total visits increased until the end of study, at 2.8 million/month, compared to 2.5 million/month prior to lockdown, driven by office visits that approached pre-lockdown and high telemedicine visits. In a multivariate regression analysis, there were no significant differences in patient age, race, gender, income, marital status, language, and kp.org registration in telemedicine utilization. Providers with 6-10 years in practice, aged < 30 utilized the most telemedicine (p=.01). General surgery, medical specialties, OBGYN, pediatrics and psychiatry utilized more telemedicine compared to primary care, but podiatry and surgical specialties utilized less (p < 0.01).
Conclusions:
Our study of over 177 million patient visits in an integrated healthcare system of a large, diverse population shows sustained high utilization of telemedicine after the pandemic lockdown, with an increase of office visits, and overall increase of total patient visits. No significant healthcare disparities across various populations were found in telemedicine utilization, contrary to most current literature demonstrates. Results of this study may prompt more investigation to the role of telemedicine in various populations.
Prediction model of Gleason score upgrading after radical prostatectomy based on a Bayesian network
Authors: Wang Guipeng , Wang Xinning , Du Haotian , Wang Yaozhong , Sun Liguo , Zhang Mingxin , Li Shengxian , Jia Yuefeng , Yang Xuecheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical value of the Gleason score upgrading (GSU)prediction model after radical prostatectomy (RP) based on a Bayesian network.
Methods The data of 356 patients who underwent prostate biopsy and RP in our hospital from January 2018 to May 2021 were retrospectively analysed. Fourteen risk factors,including age, body mass index (BMI), total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), prostate volume, total prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), the number and proportion of positive biopsy cores, PI-RADS score, clinical stage and postoperative pathological characteristics, were included in the analysis. Data were used to establish a prediction model for Gleason score elevation based on the tree augmented naive (TAN) Bayesian algorithm. Moreover, the Bayesia Lab validation function was used to calculate the importance of polymorphic Birnbaum according to the results of the posterior analysis and to obtain the importance of each risk factor.
ResultsIn the overall cohort, 110 patients (30.89%) had GSU. Based on all of the risk factors that were included in this study, the AUC of the model was 81.06%, and the accuracy was 76.64%. The importance ranking results showed that lymphatic metastasis, the number of positive biopsy cores, ISUP stage and PI-RADS score were the top four influencing factors for GSU after RP.
ConclusionsThe prediction model of GSU after RP based on a Bayesian network has high accuracy andcan more accurately evaluate the Gleason score of prostate biopsy specimens and guide treatment decisions.
Evaluation of Welding Defects with X-ray Digital Laminography for NDT inspection of Carbon Steel Plate
Authors: Ghandourah Emad E. , Hamidi Shahfuan A.hanif , Salleh Khairul Anuar Mohd , Wahab Mahamad Noor , Banoqitah Essam Mohammed , Fallatah Othman A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
X-ray imaging Digital Laminography (DL) is a well-known Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technique well suited for non-destructive examination of large and flat structures where traditional Computed Tomography (CT) is impractical. This technique provides 3D radiographic imaging and precise characterization with depth information of welding defects in welded components, ensuring component quality meets the standard criteria and safety purposes. Furthermore, determining the welding defect's location in fabrication, in-service, and maintenance is crucial for welding repair, resulting in the areas where the repair work needs to be started. This work highlights the characterization of welding defects by experimental digital radiographic testing (RT-D) and digital laminography (DL) techniques applied to welded carbon steel plates. A test specimen, specially prepared with artificial linear and volumetric flaws like lack of fusion, clustered porosities, and slag inclusions with varying dimensions, was tested, and the approaches were analyzed. Furthermore, a test phantom was fabricated with known geometry features that access the DL system's optimal detection accuracy to demonstrate a broad functionality and acceptance of the DL system for depth information in flat and plate structures. The digital laminography technique provides advantages for characterizing welding defects and testing phantom features with high contrast and acceptable image quality. The result is then confirmed by the advanced Ultrasonic Testing (UT) and RT-D. To ensure compliance with industry standards in RT-D, the exposure conditions, image sensitivity, and quality are analyzed according to ISO 17636-2.
A comprehensive evaluation on leaching of non-ferrous metals from polymetallic tailings
Authors: Javanshir Sepideh , Arasteh Aida , Mohebbi Mohsen , Gorgij Mahmood 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There is a significant deficit between the supply and demand of critical metals, leading to look for new ways to get high-value elements from mine tailings. In this study, the atmospheric leaching method was applied to extract valuable elements, including copper, zinc, and copper oxide, from a polymetallic ore that was considered a tailing in the mining site. The sample contained 3.28% copper, 13.74% iron, 1.7% zinc, 5.71% lead, and 1.98% oxidized copper. The effect of time, stirrer speed, acid concentration, particle size, and temperature were investigated on the leaching of Cu, CuO, and Zn. The optimum recommended conditions for leaching of polymetallic ore were: acid concentration 0.5 mol L− 1, %solid 25%, and leaching time 1 h. Leaching recoveries of 63.5% for Cut, 97.5% for CuO, 1% for Fe, and 100% for Zn can be achieved under the optimum conditions. The results for the dissolution of metals agreed with mineralogical studies.
Mode-dependent magnonic noise
Authors: Furukawa Ryo , Eguchi Takuro , Sekiguchi Koji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The performance of magnonic devices, such as converters, switches, and multiplexers, depends significantly on the magnonic noise. Although a peculiar discrete magnonic noise has been reported, concrete magnon dynamics under high-magnon density conditions have not been clarified. Therefore, this study performs zero-span measurements of the spectrum analyser to accurately detect magnonic noise as a fluctuation of the spin-wave amplitude. The results of low-frequency magnonic noise demonstrated spin-wave mode dependency, indicating the existence of a peculiar magnon surface state. Furthermore, the energy thresholds of four-magnon scattering and auto-oscillation were determined using magnonic white noise. We believe the noise data presented here can help promote and accelerate theoretical and experimental research on magnons.
Determination of Attitudes and Knowledge Levels of Pediatricians About Pediatric Medicolegal Problems in Turkey
Authors: Kurt Nevin Cambaz , Doğramacı Yakup Gökhan , Hakeri Hakan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, there has been an increase in allegations of medical errors, particularly related to issues of consent. The role of legal representatives in making decisions about children's medical treatment has resulted in various legal and ethical dilemmas. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of pediatricians on medicolegal issues.
Methods
The study was conducted prospectively and cross-sectionally. Participants were presented with 14 case examples and were asked 25 questions about their knowledge of the necessary information, consent, documents, and procedures required in each case. They were asked to score their adequacy on a scale of 1 to 5 points. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used statistically.
Results
A total of 209 pediatricians participated in the study, 66% of which are working in tertiary care hospitals. The results indicated pediatricians were unsure about their knowledge of necessary information, consent, documents, and procedures for children, with an average score of 3.19 out of 5. They also felt inadequate when faced with treatment refusal, with an average score of 2.77 out of 5. No significant differences were found in the results based on professional seniority or job title. Furthermore, only 2% of the pediatricians believed that children under 12 years old could understand their medical treatment options.
Conclusion
The study highlights that pediatricians need more knowledge on basic legal issues related to information, consent, and refusal of treatment. Legal education should be included in medical schools' curricula to prevent lawsuits and improve patient care, and pediatricians should receive legal training to enhance their knowledge of medicolegal issues.
Ameliorative effect of bofutsushosan (fangfengtongshengsan) extract on the progression of aging-induced obesity
Authors: Saeki Takafumi , Yamamoto Saya , Akaki Junji , Tanaka Takahiro , Nakasone Misaki , Ikeda Hidemasa , Wang Wei , Inoue Makoto , Manse Yoshiaki , Ninomiya Kiyofumi , Morikawa Toshio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This study aimed to compare fat accumulation in young and aged mice raised on a high-fat diet and to characterize the obesity-reducing effects of a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, bofutsushosan (BTS; fangfengtongshengsan in Chinese). Aged mice fed a high-fat diet containing 2% BTS extract for 28 days exhibited a significant reduction in weight gain and accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat, which were greater degree of reduction than those of the young mice. When the treatment period was extended to two months, the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels and accumulation of fat droplets in the hepatocytes decreased. The mRNA expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 in the brown adipose tissue was significantly reduced in the aged mice compared to the young mice but increased by 2% in the BTS-treated aged mice. Additionally, the effect of BTS extract on oleic acid-albumin-induced triglyceride accumulation in hepatoblastoma-derived HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Evaluation of the single crude drug extracts revealed that Forsythia Fruit, Schizonepeta Spike, and Rhubarb were the active components in BTS extract. These results suggest that BTS extract is effective against visceral, subcutaneous, and ectopic fats in the liver, which tend to accumulate with aging. Thus BTS extract is useful in preventing and ameliorating the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.