bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel and ultra-compact plasmonic filter with a fully controlled rejection band
Authors: Aziz Asad , Aziz Arsalan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, we propose a novel approach to develop an ultra-compact spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) band-rejection filter by loading T-shaped grooves on the SSPP transmission line (TL). This scheme is based on the interaction between two types of grooves, i.e. rectangular grooves of the SSPP TL and T-shaped grooves. This form of interaction has never been addressed before in order to achieve a highly efficient SSPP band-rejection filter. The working principle of this band-rejection filter is clearly revealed via investigation of the dispersion behavior of the SSPP TL in the presence and absence of T-shaped groove loading. Meanwhile, we simulate an SSPP TL loaded with T-shaped grooves. As proof of concept, we fabricate the filter in the microwave regime and perform an experiment which characterizes its functionality. The simulated and experimental results confirm the excellent filtering phenomena exhibited by our structure. The isolation of the filter can be less than −15 dB at rejection frequencies with excellent transmission efficiency in both passbands, before and after the rejection band. Furthermore, simulated near-electric-field results are also presented to demonstrate the authenticity of the filter. When the question of generating a highly efficient SSPP band-rejection filter arises, the proposed method facilitates us with T-shaped grooves, which are declared as an excellent alternative to metamaterial particles in this regard. The proposed band-rejection filter based on SSPPs demonstrates an outstanding capability to take part in the progress and the advancement of integrated plasmonic structures and systems at microwave frequencies.
Drilling of cylindrical holes in Crown glass by a short-pulse flat-top CO2 laser beam
Authors: Rahaman Md. Ekhlasur , Uno Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigated cylindrical hole drilling in a crown glass with a high thermal expansion coefficient of 94 × 10–7 K−1 and a low melting point of 724 °C using a short-pulse CO2 laser with a flat-top beam, and also examined the drilling characteristics. The short laser pulse consisted of a pulse spike with a pulse width of 276 ns and a pulse tail with a length of 56.9 µs at a repetition rate of 200 Hz. The laser beam had a flat-top profile with an estimated M2 parameter of 13.5 and a diameter of 12.5 mm before a focusing lens. The flat-top beam was focused by the focusing lens, which had a focal length of 12.7 mm, on the glass surface at a focus offset of −0.20 mm to +0.40 mm. The incident flat-top beam produced conical holes at focus offsets of −0.20 mm to 0.00 mm and produced cylindrical holes at focus offsets of +0.20 mm to +0.40 mm. The hole depth of the cylindrical holes was 109 μm to 434 μm, the surface hole diameter was 150 μm to 366 μm, and the aspect ratio, defined as the ratio of the hole depth to the surface hole diameter, was 0.30 to 2.89. The hole depth was influenced by the focus offset and the total irradiation fluence, whereas the surface hole diameter, the taper angle and the ratio of the surface hole diameter to the irradiation diameter were influenced by the focus offset only. The ratio of the surface HAZ (Heat affected zone) diameter to the irradiation diameter was influenced by both the focus offset and the total irradiation fluence.
Direct current measurements of the SPIDER beam: a comparison to existing beam diagnostics
Authors: Shepherd A. , Patton T. , Pimazzoni A. , Pouradier Duteil B. , Rigoni Garola A. , Sartori E. , Ugoletti M. , Serianni G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For negative ion beam sources there are several methods of measuring the accelerated beam
current, most commonly electrical measurements at the power supply and calorimetric
measurements. On SPIDER, the ITER Heating Neutral Beam full-scale beam source prototype,
electrical measurements at the acceleration grid power supply (AGPS) are complemented by
polarizing the diagnostic calorimeter STRIKE to provide an additional electrical measurement of
the accelerated current. This is in addition to the calorimetric measurements provided by
STRIKE. These diagnostics give differing measurements of the beam current. Exploiting the reduced
number of open apertures on SPIDER a new beam diagnostic has been installed to measure the
individual beamlet currents directly. The so called Beamlet Current Monitor (BCM) has been used to
measure the current of five beamlets during the most recent SPIDER campaign. This work compares
the BCM current to the electrical measurements at the AGPS and STRIKE. The average BCM current
agrees well with the STRIKE electrical measurements, indicating that the AGPS overestimates the
beam current. The individual beamlets are compared to the STRIKE calorimetric measurements,
showing similar current trends with the source parameters.
Use of FBG sensors in advanced civil engineering applications
Authors: Caponero M.A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) in civil engineering structures has gained a key role to provide early warning for the occurrence of conditions leading to potential damage and unsafe service. Among the various available technologies, fiber optic ones have proved to be reliable and convenient to perform permanent monitoring in both static and dynamic regimes. Fiber optic sensing solutions based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology are very versatile and they can be effectively used to provide multipoint sensing systems distributed on large structures. FBG sensors have a point-like form factor, but they can be easily packaged in solid housings in order to fit the necessary measuring gauge and sensitivity, shape and size, mechanical and environmental requirements. As key advantages over electric technologies, FBG sensors offer immunity to electromagnetic interference, in-series cabling of sensors for different physical parameters, stable response to both quasi-static phenomena and fast response transitory phenomena. This paper presents some monitoring solutions developed in ENEA with FBG sensors for civil engineering applications.
Thin film charged particle detectors
Authors: Kim Sungjoon , Berry Vikas , Metcalfe Jessica , Sumant Anirudha V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Silicon tracking detectors have grown to cover larger surface areas up to hundreds of
square meters, and are even taking over other sub-detectors, such as calorimeters. However,
further improvements in tracking detector performance are more likely to arise from the ability to
make a low mass detector comprised of a high ratio of active sensor to inactive materials, where
dead materials include electrical services, cooling, mechanical supports, etc. In addition, the
cost and time to build these detectors is currently large. Therefore, advancements in the
fundamental technology of tracking detectors may need to look at a more transformative approach
that enables extremely large area coverage with minimal dead material and is easier and faster to
build. The advancement of thin film fabrication techniques has the potential to revolutionize the
next-to-next generation of particle detector experiments. Some thin film deposition techniques
have already been developed and widely used in the industry to make LED screens for TVs and
monitors. If large area thin film detectors on the order of several square meters can be
fabricated with similar performance as current silicon technologies, they could be used in future
particle physics experiments. This paper aims to review the key fundamental performance criteria
of existing silicon detectors and past research to use thin films and other semi-conductor
materials as particle detectors in order to explore the important considerations and challenges to
pursue thin film detectors.
Calibration of the FY-3E particle sensors: High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD)
Authors: Hou Donghui , Zhang Xiaoxin , Wang Jinhua , Huang Cong , Li Jiawei , Zong Weiguo , Zhang Shenyi , Shen Guohong , Zhang Xianguo , Yuan Bin , Quan Zida , Ji Wentao , Zhou Ping , Yang Yong , Zhang Pengfei , Sun Yueqiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The FY-3 satellites are China's second generation
polar-orbiting meteorological satellites. The high-energy particle
detector (HEPD) suite of FY-3 satellites measures protons and
electrons in different energy ranges. As the fifth satellite of the
FY-3 series, FY-3E continues to observe polar-orbiting high-energy
protons and electrons. Here, we use Monte Carlo simulations based on
GEANT4 code to model the high-energy electron detector and calibrate
the high-energy electron/proton detector campaigns at the Space
Electron Facility, National Space Science Center (NSSC-SEF) and
100 MeV high intensity proton cyclotron at the China Institute of
Atomic Energy (CYCIAE-100). Due to the energy limitation of the
accelerator, the electronic calibration results are also
provided. Overall, the findings of this study can serve as a useful
reference for characterizing the performance of FY-3E HEPD and
verifying the feasibility of on-orbit data.
Exposure to air pollution and risk of haematological malignancies: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence
Authors: Lin Kangqian , Zhou Guoxiu , Guo Hong , Niu Qiang , Guo Heng , Song Guanling , Hu Yunhua , Liu Jiaming , Yan Yizhong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Quantifying the potential association between air pollutants exposure and haematological malignancies (HM) risk can provide more direction for its prevention. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, case-control and cohort studies looked at the association between air pollution and the risk of HM in the general population were included. PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched as of 14 April 2022. The Mantel–Haenszel random effects model was used to calculate the meta-analysis relative risk (meta-RR). A two-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was performed to estimate the degree of the associations and a dose-response curve was fitted using a restricted cubic spline model, as well as assessed publication bias. This review was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022325677). The literature search yielded 7260 articles, and 41 studies were included. Benzene exposure significantly increased the risk of leukaemia (meta-RR 1.24, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.01–1.54). The meta-RR of traffic density, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and leukaemia were 1.08 (95%CI 0.99–1.17), 1.02 (95%CI 0.96–1.09), 1.05 (95%CI 0.99–1.11), 1.04 (95%CI 0.69–1.56). 1.07 (95%CI 0.93–1.22), 1.01 (95%CI 0.96–1.06), 1.06 (95%CI 0.98–1.14) were the meta-RR of traffic density, NO2, PM2.5 and lymphoma. The meta-RR of NO2 and multiple myeloma was 1.00 (95%CI 0.92–1.09). Disease subtype, age and region appeared to modify these associations. When residential distance from a main road was less than 300 m, the risk was relatively high and gradually increased with the decrease of the distance; with the increase of NO2 exposure concentration, the risk of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) gradually increased, increasing rapidly once NO2 concentration reached 40 μg m−3; with increasing benzene exposure concentration, the risk of AML and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia gradually increased, particularly after the concentration reached 3 μg m−3. These findings can be used as epidemiological evidence for the causal relationship between air pollutants and HM.
On determination of elastic modulus and indentation hardness by instrumented spherical indentation: influence of surface roughness and correction method
Authors: Peng Guangjian , Liu Yu , Xu Fenglei , Jiang Hanyang , Jiang Weifeng , Zhang Taihua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although, surface roughness can influence the determination of elastic moduli and indentation hardness to some extent by instrumented spherical indentation test, limited work has been done to quantitatively reveal and minimize these influences. In the present work, through a large number of finite element (FE) simulations and analyses, we clarified the evolution trend of determined elastic moduli and indentation hardness corresponding to different normalized indentation depths (h/R) and normalized roughness (S
q/R). On this basis, an area correction method was proposed to improve the measurement accuracy in the elastic moduli and indentation hardness. The FE results show that, with the newly proposed correction method, the maximum relative error in determined elastic moduli is reduced from about ±7% to ±2%, and that in the determined indentation hardness is reduced from about ±13% to ±5%, when S
q/R ≤ 2.2 × 10−3 and h/R = 5%. Applications were then illustrated on four typical metallic materials (i.e., AA 7075, AA 2014, steel 316 L, and copper T2). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed correction method is able to mitigate the effects of surface roughness on the determination of elastic moduli and indentation hardness to obtain more correct results.
Skin models of cutaneous toxicity, transdermal transport and wound repair
Authors: Vilela de Sousa Inês , Ferreira Miguel J S , Bebiano Luís B , Simões Sandra , Matos Ana Filipa , Pereira Rúben F , Granja Pedro L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Skin is widely used as a drug delivery route due to its easy access and the possibility of using relatively painless methods for the administration of bioactive molecules. However, the barrier properties of the skin, along with its multilayer structure, impose severe restrictions on drug transport and bioavailability. Thus, bioengineered models aimed at emulating the skin have been developed not only for optimizing the transdermal transport of different drugs and testing the safety and toxicity of substances but also for understanding the biological processes behind skin wounds. Even though in vivo research is often preferred to study biological processes involving the skin, in vitro and ex vivo strategies have been gaining increasing relevance in recent years. Indeed, there is a noticeably increasing adoption of in vitro and ex vivo methods by internationally accepted guidelines. Furthermore, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip devices are nowadays emerging as valuable tools for functional and behavioural skin emulation. Challenges in miniaturization, automation and reliability still need to be addressed in order to create skin models that can predict skin behaviour in a robust, high-throughput manner, while being compliant with regulatory issues, standards and guidelines. In this review, skin models for transdermal transport, wound repair and cutaneous toxicity will be discussed with a focus on high-throughput strategies. Novel microfluidic strategies driven by advancements in microfabrication technologies will also be revised as a way to improve the efficiency of existing models, both in terms of complexity and throughput.
A Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Method for Determination of Bisoprolol in Rat Serum after Pre-Column Derivatization
Authors: Shaheen Huda A , Bahaffi Saleh O , Khedr Alaa M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Two derivatization regents were reacted with bisoprolol (BIS), followed by liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. 3-Bromomethyl-propyphenazone (BMP) and dansyl-chloride (Dns-Cl) were reacted via the secondary amino group using a catalyst to accelerate the reaction progress and completeness with minimal reaction byproducts. The sensitivity and the ionization efficiency of both BIS-methyl-propyphenazone (BIS-MP) and BIS-Dns via electrospray ionization were studied. The sensitivity of BIS-MP was superior to BIS-Dns. The derivatization procedure, extraction procedure, and LC-MS method were optimized and validated to achieve the monitoring of BIS in rat serum at a picogram scale. The calibration curve showed a regression coefficient value of 0.999 within a concentration spanning a range of 10–500 pg/mL. The detection limit and quantitation were 4 and 10 pg/mL, respectively. The intraday and inter-day precision values (% relative standard deviation) ranged from 0.53 to 6.91%, whereas the accuracy values (expressed as % error) ranged from −4.20 to −0.77%. The pharmacokinetic parameters were: 15,280 pg/mL for a maximum concentration of BIS (Cmax) at the maximum time (Tmax) of 1 h. BIS’s elimination half-life (t1/2) was determined to be 3 h. The value of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0 − t) was 34,370 pg/mL h.
Cumulative complexity: a qualitative analysis of patients' experiences of living with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Forsyth F , Sowden E , Hossain M , Blakeman T , Chew-Graham C A , Deaton C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): NIHR, Evelyn Trust, Burdett Trust.

Background
Multiple investigations have explored the lived experience of heart failure (HF). However, studies have not interrogated whether differences exist according to HF phenotype and the lived experience of people with Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) remains unexplored. We hypothesised patients with HFpEF may articulate different experiences from those with other forms of HF, given established problems around awareness, diagnosis and management.

Purpose
To explore how HFpEF impacts upon patients’ lives and interrogate whether and how known challenges impact upon patient experience.

Methods
Secondary thematic analysis of interview transcripts from 77 people diagnosed with HFpEF and their carers. The analysis was informed by the Cumulative Complexity Model (CCM).

Results
Four themes underpinned by the CCM were generated. Theme 1: Shouldering a Heavy Workload, described the many health related tasks (patient work) people living with HFpEF were expected to perform. Theme 2: The Multiple Threats to Capacity described how patients tried to perform this work, however, were frequently hindered by challenges such as difficult to manage symptoms or mobility/age-related conditions. Patient work and ability to perform this work were complicated by problems synthesised under Theme 3: Deficient Illness Identity. This theme illustrated how healthcare providers sometimes perceived HFpEF to be a more benign or untreatable form of HF, which could lead to limited access or lower priority for supportive services. Together, themes one to three contributed to a range of negative outcomes captured within Theme 4: Spiralling Complexity.

Conclusions
HFpEF, multimorbidity and aging cumulatively create multiple demands that people with HFpEF must attend to, whilst they concurrently negotiate symptoms and physical limitations that make this challenging to achieve. Patient work and patient capacity to perform work are impeded by a system that undermines their candidacy for optimum HF care. Such conditions create unfavourable outcomes that will continue, unless system wide change is implemented.
Observational study of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) admitted with decompensation
Authors: Mclachlan A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
HFrEF is associated with significant negative patient outcomes and requires substantial health care resource.

Method
Using the hospital registry from 1st May 2021, 100 consecutive patients were identified, who attended the heart failure clinic following their first hospitalisation with decompensated heart failure with severe LV impairment (ejection fraction &lt;30%). Electronic records were reviewed manually. The first year is described.

Results
Mean age 56.8 yrs. (22-83 yrs.), 72% male, 63% were Maori/Pacific and the time to first contact was 35 days (2-177 days). Risk factors included smoking (19%), diabetes (35%), mean BMI 35.9 (17- 70), AF/AFL (33%), IHD (32%) and eGFR &lt;60 (33%).
By one year, medical therapy included beta-blocker (76% &gt;50% target dose), RAAS inhibitor (81% &gt;50% target dose), MRA (70%), SGLT2i (23%), diuretic (66%). The average number of outpatient contacts were 6.5 with 21% of patients having at least 1 HFrEF admission. At last review, 55% were asymptomatic with 10% receiving device therapy. Follow up imaging was performed in 83% with 78% reporting left ventricular improvement. Nine patients died, average age of 61.2 years.

Conclusion
Despite improving therapies, delivery by our heart failure service could be further optimised. A system co designed with our communities may provide additional advances.
Experiences of older vulnerable people with ischemic heart disease and their peer mentors: a qualitative process evaluation
Authors: Pedersen M , Bennich B B , Petersen R A , Boateng T , Egerod I , Overgaard D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): VELUX FONDEN

Background
Peer-mentoring is a low-cost intervention with the potential of improving self-efficacy and cardiac rehabilitation attendance among older vulnerable patients with cardiovascular disease. The present study is part of an ongoing research program, developing and testing the feasibility of a 24-week peer-mentor intervention.

Objectives
The objective was to understand the content and context of the realized peer-mentor intervention, and to explore how mentors and mentees experienced the intervention.

Methods
The study was designed as a qualitative process evaluation. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted in a purposeful sample of mentees (n=13), and peer-mentors (n=12), and thematic analysis was used to analyse, categorize, and interpret interview data.

Results
Five themes captured the content and context of the peer-mentor intervention as experienced by peer-mentors and mentees. ‘Takes one to know one’, stressing the importance of the mentor-mentee matching process; ‘Varying demand for mentors’, illustrating the difficulties in predicting who has the greatest need for mentoring; ‘Varying degree of familiarity’, describing the mentor-mentee relationship as a continuum from formal mentor to informal friend; ‘Putting the patient first’, illustrating how mentors support mentees based on their personal experiences of successful recovery while letting the mentee set the pace and goals; and ‘Varying view of success’, showing how intervention success is perceived differently by mentors and mentees.

Conclusions
The study provides new knowledge on how and under what circumstances a mentor intervention works. These findings are important to the implementation of future peer-mentor interventions to achieve successful peer-mentor support and improve cardiac rehabilitation attendance among older vulnerable patients with ischemic heart disease.