bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with Divergence: Intra-party Dynamics and Spoiler Management in Civil Wars
Authors: Nilsson Desirée , Kovacs Mimmi Söderberg 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCivil war peace processes are frequently accompanied by spoiler behavior relating to intra-party divergence, such as leadership struggles or breakaway groups, which risk undermining the implementation of a peace accord. However, previous literature has not sufficiently explored how third-party actors can address spoiler behavior linked to such intra-party aspects. This study addresses this gap by providing an empirical analysis of a few illustrative cases of spoiler behavior by armed actors in two peace processes in West Africa—Sierra Leone after the 1999 Lomé peace accords and Liberia after the 2003 Accra peace agreement. We find that in contexts where there is a vertical divergence between the leader and the rest of the group, divisive strategies—aimed to divide and rule or marginalize—are effective. In contrast, in situations of horizontal divergence between different factions that are more equal in power, integrative strategies—aimed at unifying the ranks or reconciling a divided leadership—are more appropriate. This study enhances our understanding of how third-party strategies can be devised to manage intra-party divisions that otherwise may threaten a transition from war to peace.
Determining the accuracy of a medication history at the point of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments (CGA) within an inpatient setting on a Frailty Assessment Unit
Authors: Stratton Lucy , Thayer Nick , Channa Kiran 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This retrospective analysis aims to determine the accuracy of medication histories undertaken during a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) (at the point of admission) in an inpatient setting within an acute hospital. The CGA can be completed by a range of healthcare professionals, which will be directly compared. Medication reviews are an integral part of the CGA, therefore the accuracy of the history is integral to the review.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patient electronic records between October 2018 and February 2020 was conducted. The accuracy of medication histories recorded as part of the CGA completed by Advanced Nurse Practitioners, Advanced Pharmacist Practitioners and Doctors was compared. This was done using electronic records, any discrepancies were captured. Descriptive statistics were applied.

Key findings
Across the 50 patients and 421 medicines identified, there were 59 discrepancies; 24 (48%) patients were noted with at least one discrepancy in their medication history. An omission of current medication was the most common error (49%), followed by incorrect dose (19%) and a record of a medication not taken pre-admission (15%). The total number of prescribed medications was found to positively correlate with the rate of error (Pearson’s correlation 0.455, P &gt; 0.001). An independent t-test determined a significant difference between the rate of errors between pharmacists and nurses (t-test: −4.48, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
This study re-confirmed risks of medication errors when patients change care settings. This is more prevalent with higher numbers of medications, requiring greater care in instances of polypharmacy, particularly in frail patients. This can support risk stratification of patients. A difference in outcomes between pharmacists and nurses warrants further exploration to determine the reasons for this and structuring multi-disciplinary teams accordingly. Consideration to ensure that medication history taking is included as part of the Advanced Clinical Practitioner is important, particularly with the expansion of these roles in the UK.
Bayesian matrix completion for hypothesis testing
Authors: Jin Bora , Dunson David B , Rager Julia E , Reif David M , Engel Stephanie M , Herring Amy H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We aim to infer bioactivity of each chemical by assay endpoint combination, addressing sparsity of toxicology data. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical framework which borrows information across different chemicals and assay endpoints, facilitates out-of-sample prediction of activity for chemicals not yet assayed, quantifies uncertainty of predicted activity, and adjusts for multiplicity in hypothesis testing. Furthermore, this paper makes a novel attempt in toxicology to simultaneously model heteroscedastic errors and a nonparametric mean function, leading to a broader definition of activity whose need has been suggested by toxicologists. Real application identifies chemicals most likely active for neurodevelopmental disorders and obesity.
Single stage surgical management of a sigmoid gallstone ileus case
Authors: Tonog Paul , Clar Derek T , Ebalo Nicole , Appresai Ovie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBowel obstruction/ileus is a relatively common occurrence in surgical practice with a predictable clinical presentation and management course. Rarely are these cases found consistent with gallstone etiology. Known as gallstone ileus (GI), this uncommon presentation is found primarily in elderly females (age &gt; 65 years old) with multiple comorbid conditions; usually with coinciding presence of a cholecystoenteric fistula. Surgical management remains controversial due to the rarity of presentation and complexity of related pathological process. We present a case of a 69-year-old female who presented with typical signs/symptoms of bowel obstruction but found to have sigmoid GI on computed tomography imaging evaluation. A single stage exploratory laparotomy with simple enterolithotomy was performed with a positive outcome and uncomplicated postoperative recovery. The primary goal in reporting this case is to continue emphasizing the efficacy of a single stage simple enterolithotomy as the most ideal surgical management of this rare condition.
Displacement of maxillary third molar into the infratemporal fossa. A case report
Authors: Tilaveridis Ioannis , Karakostas Panagiotis , Tilaveridis Vasilios , Tilaveridis Stavros 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur study aims to present a new case of maxillary third molar dislodgement into the infratemporal fossa during the effort of extraction and the surgical approach performed to retrieve the tooth. Guidelines to prevent this complication are presented. We describe a new case of maxillary third molar displacement into the infratemporal fossa following an unsuccessful surgical procedure of tooth removal by a general dentist. The location of the displaced tooth was confirmed with computed tomography (CT) scanning with a 3D reconstruction. The tooth was removed under general anesthesia through an intraoral approach. It took less than 10 min for the whole procedure to be accomplished. CT examination is of paramount importance to precisely locate the dislodged tooth. Removal can be successfully accomplished via an intraoral approach with meticulous manipulations. An incision of adequate length and a long Langebeck retractor are valuable to ensure a wide surgical field.
Dynamic association of the plastid localized cysteine synthase complex is vital for efficient cysteine production, photosynthesis, and granal thylakoid formation in transgenic tobacco
Authors: Wirtz Markus , Leemhuis Wiebke , Hell Ruediger 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cysteine biosynthesis is essential for translation and represents the entry point of reduced sulfur into plant metabolism. The two consecutively acting enzymes serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and O-acetylserine-thiol-lyase catalyse cysteine production and form the cysteine synthase complex, in which SAT is activated. Here we show that tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) expressing active SAT in plastids (referred to as PSA lines) shows substantial cysteine accumulation in plastids. Remarkably, enhanced cysteine production in plastids entirely abolished granal stack formation, impaired photosynthesis capacity, and decreased the number of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells of the PSA lines. A transgenic tobacco line expressing active SAT in the cytosol accumulated comparable amounts of thiols but displayed no phenotype. To dissect the consequences of cysteine synthase complex formation from enhanced SAT activity in tobacco plastids, we expressed an enzymatically inactive SAT that can still form the cysteine synthase complex in tobacco plastids (PSI lines). The PSI lines were indistinguishable from the PSA lines, although the PSI lines displayed no increase in plastid-localized SAT activity. Neither PSA lines nor PSI lines suffered from an oxidized redox environment in plastids that could have been causative for the disturbed photosynthesis. From these findings, we infer that the association of the plastid cysteine synthase complex itself triggers a signaling cascade controlling sulfur assimilation and photosynthetic capacity in leaves.
Large-Scale Atom Probe Tomography Data Mining: Methods and Application to Inform Hydrogen Behavior
Authors: Meier Martin S , Bagot Paul A J , Moody Michael P , Haley Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A large number of atom probe tomography (APT) datasets from past experiments were collected into a database to conduct statistical analyses. An effective way of handling the data is shown, and a study on hydrogen is conducted to illustrate the usefulness of this approach. We propose to handle a large collection of APT spectra as a point cloud and use a city block distance–based metric to measure dissimilarity between spectra. This enables quick and automated searching for spectra by similarity. Since spectra from APT experiments on similar materials are similar, the point cloud of spectra contains clusters. Analysis of these clusters of spectra in this point cloud allows us to infer the sample materials. The behavior of contaminant hydrogen is analyzed and correlated with voltage, electric field, and sample base material. Across several materials, the H2+ /H+ ratio is found to decrease with increasing field, likely an indication of postionization of H2+ ions. The absolute amounts of H2+ and H+ are found to frequently increase throughout APT experiments.
Development ofLacuna pallidula(da Costa, 1778) from the White Sea (Caenogastropoda: Littorinimorpha) with emphasis on radula formation
Authors: Vortsepneva Elena , Herbert David G , Kantor Yuri 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe gastropod radula is highly diverse in structure in comparison with that of other mollusсs. The main radular types in the different phylogenetic groups of gastropods differ not only in the general morphology and configuration of the teeth but also in the mode of tooth synthesis and the ultrastructure of the formation zone. Previously, the formation and anlage of the radula in the ontogeny of radulae of all major phylogenetic gastropods groups have been studied, with the exception of the taenioglossan radula of Caenogastropoda. The data obtained in this study on the radular anlage and synthesis in one littorinimorph species Lacuna pallidula supplement the existing knowledge of diversity in gastropod radula formation. The radula is initially formed at the stage of the post-torsion veliger, with five teeth in each transverse row, and acquires the adult morphology before hatching from the egg mass. The larval radula is synthesized by a few morphologically uniform cells in the radular sac. Synthesis of the adult radula also occurs at the blind end of the radular sac, where groups of numerous odontoblasts each form one tooth, and membranoblasts, located on the ventral side, form the membrane. Characteristic features of the adult radular sac are an additional supporting cartilage-like structure at the radula curve in the middle of the radular sac, a well-defined proliferation zone in the zone of radula formation and the presence of an additional extracellular matrix around the teeth in the maturation zone.
GCNA is a histone binding protein required for spermatogonial stem cell maintenance
Authors: Ribeiro Jonathan , Crossan Gerry P 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecycling and de-novo deposition of histones during DNA replication is a critical challenge faced by eukaryotic cells and is coordinated by histone chaperones. Spermatogenesis is highly regulated sophisticated process necessitating not only histone modification but loading of testis specific histone variants. Here, we show that Germ Cell Nuclear Acidic protein (GCNA), a germ cell specific protein in adult mice, can bind histones and purified GCNA exhibits histone chaperone activity. GCNA associates with the DNA replication machinery and supports progression through S-phase in murine undifferentiated spermatogonia (USGs). Whilst GCNA is dispensable for embryonic germ cell development, it is required for the maintenance of the USG pool and for long-term production of sperm. Our work describes the role of a germ cell specific histone chaperone in USGs maintenance in mice. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the male infertility observed in patients carrying GCNA mutations.
Discovering cryptic splice mutations in cancers via a deep neural network framework
Authors: Teboul Raphaël , Grabias Michalina , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Letouzé Eric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Somatic mutations can disrupt splicing regulatory elements and have dramatic effects on cancer genes, yet the functional consequences of mutations located in extended splice regions is difficult to predict. Here, we use a deep neural network (SpliceAI) to characterize the landscape of splice-altering mutations in cancer. In our in-house series of 401 liver cancers, SpliceAI uncovers 1244 cryptic splice mutations, located outside essential splice sites, that validate at a high rate (66%) in matched RNA-seq data. We then extend the analysis to a large pan-cancer cohort of 17 714 tumors, revealing &gt;100 000 cryptic splice mutations. Taking into account these mutations increases the power of driver gene discovery, revealing 126 new candidate driver genes. It also reveals new driver mutations in known cancer genes, doubling the frequency of splice alterations in tumor suppressor genes. Mutational signature analysis suggests mutational processes that could give rise preferentially to splice mutations in each cancer type, with an enrichment of signatures related to clock-like processes and DNA repair deficiency. Altogether, this work sheds light on the causes and impact of cryptic splice mutations in cancer, and highlights the power of deep learning approaches to better annotate the functional consequences of mutations in oncology.
Enzymes for consumer products to achieve climate neutrality
Authors: Molina-Espeja Patricia , Sanz-Aparicio Julia , Golyshin Peter N , Robles-Martín Ana , Guallar Víctor , Beltrametti Fabrizio , Müller Markus , Yakimov Michail M , Modregger Jan , van Logchem Moniec , Corvini Philippe , Shahgaldian Patrick , Degering Christian , Wieland Susanne , Timm Anne , de Carvalho Carla C C R , Re Ilaria , Daniotti Sara , Thies Stephan , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Chow Jennifer , Streit Wolfgang R , Lottenbach Roland , Rösch Rainer , Ansari Nazanin , Ferrer Manuel ,   (The FuturEnzyme Consortium)
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Today, the chemosphere’s and biosphere’s compositions of the planet are changing faster than experienced during the past thousand years. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion are rising dramatically, including those from processing, manufacturing and consuming everyday products; this rate of greenhouse gas emission (36.2 gigatons accumulated in 2022) is raising global temperatures and destabilizing the climate, which is one of the most influential forces on our planet. As our world warms up, our climate will enter a period of constant turbulence, affecting more than 85% of our ecosystems, including the delicate web of life on these systems, and impacting socioeconomic networks. How do we deal with the green transition to minimize climate change and its impacts while we are facing these new realities? One of the solutions is to use renewable natural resources. Indeed, nature itself, through the working parts of its living systems, the enzymes, can significantly contribute to achieve climate neutrality and good ecological/biodiversity status. Annually they can help decreasing CO2 emissions by 1–2.5 billion-tons, carbon demand by about 200 million-tons, and chemical demand by about 90 million-tons. With current climate change goals, we review the consequences of climate change at multiple scales and how enzymes can counteract or mitigate them. We then focus on how they mobilize sustainable and greener innovations in consumer products that have a high contribution to global carbon emissions. Finally, key innovations and challenges to be solved at the enzyme and product levels are discussed.
Circulating metabolic signatures of heart failure in precision cardiology
Authors: Xie Huijing , Zhang Bowen , Xie Maodi , Li Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrecision cardiology aims to implement personalized health care and precise medical decisions based on the specific characteristics of individuals. Metabolic remodeling plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). Changes in metabolic pathways such as substrate preference, high-energy phosphate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, are involved in pathological structural remodeling and functional impairment. These metabolic alterations are usually not restricted in the cardiac tissue, but also manifest in circulation. In clinical practice, blood sample is routinely used for HF screening. Metabolomics is an emerging omics technology that provides an efficient way to acquire dynamic metabolic profiles in circulation. An increasing number of metabolic biomarkers have been implicated in disease progression, making it possible to fight HF in a more effective and precise way. This review summarizes the modern analytical techniques in metabolomics as well as emerging circulating metabolites during the pathogenesis of HF, aiming to provide new insights into the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HF in the era of precision medicine.
Efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a withdrawal and retreatment study (GO-BACK)
Authors: Weinstein Cindy L J , Sliwinska-Stanczyk Paula , Hála Tomas , Stanislav Marina , Tzontcheva Anjela , Yao Ruji , Berd Yuliya , Curtis Sean P , Philip George 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The GO-BACK study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of golimumab (GLM) treatment withdrawal in adults with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) who demonstrate inactive disease during a 10-month open-label (OL) GLM run-in.

Methods
Eligible participants received OL GLM in period 1. In period 2, participants who achieved inactive disease were randomized 1:1:1 to receive double-blind (DB) treatment with monthly placebo (PBO, treatment withdrawal) or continued GLM treatment given monthly (GLM QMT) or every 2 months (GLM Q2MT). Participants who did not have a disease flare continued DB treatment for ∼12 months. Participants with a disease flare discontinued DB treatment and resumed monthly OL GLM. Primary endpoint compared the proportion of participants without a disease flare in the continued GLM treatment groups (QMT or Q2MT) vs PBO in a multiplicity-controlled, step-down fashion. Safety follow-up continued for ∼3 months after last treatment.

Results
A total of 188 patients, out of the 323 enrolled, were eligible for participation in period 2. Both GLM QMT and GLM Q2MT were superior to treatment withdrawal (PBO) in preventing disease flare (P &lt; 0.001), with a treatment-difference vs PBO of 50.4% and 34.4% for the GLM QMT and GLM Q2MT groups, respectively. The time-to-first flare was significantly longer (log-rank P &lt; 0.0001) with GLM treatment compared with PBO. Of 53 participants (in Q2MT or PBO) who had a confirmed disease flare, 51 (96.2%) attained a clinical response within 3 months of restarting OL GLM. Adverse events were consistent with the known GLM safety profile.

Conclusion
Among participants with active nr-axSpA who attained inactive disease after 10 months of GLM treatment, continued GLM treatment is well tolerated and provides superior protection against disease flares compared with GLM withdrawal. (EudraCT: 2015-004020-65, registered on 30 March 2022; NCT: 03253796, registered on 18 August 2017.)
FETAL DOSE ESTIMATION DURING PREGNANCY USING GATE MONTE CARLO SIMULATION: APPLICATION OF HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Benameur Yassine , Tahiri Maroine , Mkimel Mounir , El Baydaoui Redouane , Najeh Mohammed , Sahraoui Souha , Benchekroun Nadia , Bougteb Mustapha , El Hariri Bouazza , Mesradi Mohammed Reda , Hilali Abderraouf , Saad El madani 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the fetal radiation dose for a pregnant patient treated for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Due to the supradiaphragmatic extensions, two plans are used for this treatment, one for supra-clavicular and the other for cervical lymph nodes, with beam energies of 18 and 6 MV, respectively. We model the ELEKTA accelerator (Versa HD Ltd, Crawly, UK) and the pregnant patient using GATE code. The accelerator is modelled based on the vendor-supplied data and the pregnant patient is modeled with a voxelized pregnant woman phantom (Katja, 29 years old) at the 24th week of pregnancy. In each plan, we estimate the absorbed dose of each fetus organ by delivering a 2 Gy for one fraction and then multiplying the result by 15 fractions to get the total prescribed dose, then we calculate the mean fetal absorbed dose. The results indicate that the mean absorbed fetal dose was 26.18 mGy.
Microstructural and Microvascular Alterations in Psychotic Spectrum Disorders: A Three-Compartment Intravoxel Incoherent Imaging and Free Water Model
Authors: McKenna Faye , Gupta Pradeep Kumar , Sui Yu Veronica , Bertisch Hilary , Gonen Oded , Goff Donald C , Lazar Mariana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and HypothesisMicrovascular and inflammatory mechanisms have been hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of psychotic spectrum disorders (PSDs). However, data evaluating these hypotheses remain limited.Study DesignWe applied a three-compartment intravoxel incoherent motion free water imaging (IVIM-FWI) technique that estimates the perfusion fraction (PF), free water fraction (FW), and anisotropic diffusion of tissue (FAt) to examine microvascular and microstructural changes in gray and white matter in 55 young adults with a PSD compared to 37 healthy controls (HCs).Study ResultsWe found significantly increased PF, FW, and FAt in gray matter regions, and significantly increased PF, FW, and decreased FAt in white matter regions in the PSD group versus HC. Furthermore, in patients, but not in the HC group, increased PF, FW, and FAt in gray matter and increased PF in white matter were significantly associated with poor performance on several cognitive tests assessing memory and processing speed. We additionally report significant associations between IVIM-FWI metrics and myo-inositol, choline, and N-acetylaspartic acid magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging metabolites in the posterior cingulate cortex, which further supports the validity of PF, FW, and FAt as microvascular and microstructural biomarkers of PSD. Finally, we found significant relationships between IVIM-FWI metrics and the duration of psychosis in gray and white matter regions.ConclusionsThe three-compartment IVIM-FWI model provides metrics that are associated with cognitive deficits and may reflect disease progression.