bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Cs3Bi2Br9 to Cs2AgBiBr6 Lead‐Free Perovskite Microcrystals Through Cation Exchange
Authors: Clinckemalie Lotte , Saha Rafikul Ali , Valli Donato , Fron Eduard , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Hofkens Johan , Pradhan Bapi , Debroye Elke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAll‐inorganic lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskites have gained significant attention due to their potential as stable and nontoxic photoactive semiconductors. Currently, it remains challenging to synthesize homogeneous microcrystals (MCs) exhibiting excellent properties, which are necessary for large‐area device integration. This work proposes a two‐step synthesis approach involving the introduction of a foreign silver cation to transform the 0D layered Cs3Bi2Br9 to 3D Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite structure. This work has studied the cation exchange (CE) transformation mechanism by isolating intermediates to be able to follow the evolution of the crystal lattice as well as the structural and optical properties over time. Moreover, complete CE results in phase‐pure, highly crystalline Cs2AgBiBr6 MCs exhibiting excellent photonic properties, superior to their counterparts synthesized by anti‐solvent precipitation. These findings highlight the potential of CE‐induced transformation as a means of synthesizing novel, stable perovskites.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Aryl‐N2BF4 through One‐pot Tricomponent Reaction
Authors: Giang Luu Truong , Kim Hee‐Kwon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA method for preparing sulfonamides using visible light is described. In this approach, an aryl diazo tetrafluoroborate salt, 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) (DABSO), and amino benzoate as substrates, CuBr2 as a catalyst, and 3‐methyl‐3‐pentanol as an additive were employed for a one‐pot multicomponent reaction to provide sulfonamides under mild reaction conditions. A variety of aryl diazo tetrafluoroborate salts and O‐benzoyl hydroxylamines were tolerated in this process to provide products with yields up to 96%.magnified image
Smart Roller: Soft Sensor Array for Automated Fiber Placement
Authors: Yin Xiulun , Chen Ziqiang , Bakhshi Nima , Tong Oliver , Xiong Xiaoxiao , Chen Yizhong , Li Ying , Gao Jian , Sarwar Mirza Saquib , Poursartip Anoush , Madden John DW 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRollers and wheels are widely used in industry and transportation, but there is seldom direct information about contact forces. A smart roller is introduced which provides real‐time pressure measurements from a soft, elastomer‐coated cylinder. The roller is designed for automated fiber placement (AFP) machines, which are widely used in the aerospace industry to manufacture complex composite parts. For optimum process performance, real‐time feedback is highly desirable for detecting flaws during manufacturing. The sensor replaces the elastomer outer layer of a standard roller with 4 by 13 tactile pixels (taxels) of soft capacitive sensors, which provide more than 1 pF of change in capacitance per taxel over a pressure range of 1 MPa. Sensors are made of silicone and mounted on a flexible printed circuit board on which a microcontroller with Bluetooth‐Low‐Energy collects and transmits capacitance data. The sensor dielectric layer is composed of pillars that increase layer compliance and sensitivity while also providing the stiffness of typical industrial rollers. The ability of the roller to measure real‐time local compaction pressure at typical manufacturing speeds enables the monitoring of spatially‐resolved pressure‐time curves, which can be used to predict and control adhesion.
Structurally Dimensional Engineering in Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Yulin , Yuan Songyang , Zheng Huiqun , Wu Min , Zhang Shiting , Lan Jing , Li Wenzhe , Fan Jiandong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe low‐dimensional (LD) perovskites are proven to be capable of blocking moisture erosion and thereby improving the photovoltaic device stability. In this review, the low‐dimensional (LD) perovskite materials are carefully summarized that are induced by A‐position organic substituents, starting from the crystal microstructure and electronic structure of LD (2D, 1D, and 0D) perovskite materials with regulating dimensions, combined with first principles calculation (DFT). By further studying the thermodynamics and dynamics of crystallization nucleation and growth of LD–3D perovskite thin films in the heterojunction region, LD–3D heterojunction perovskite thin films and solar cells with controllable dimensions can be in situ prepared. Various LD–3D perovskite structure photovoltaic devices are systematically summarized, which shows flexible regulation of the energy band structure and carrier transport characteristics, locks the water oxygen corrosion channel with close‐fitting conjugated structure, and improves the long‐term stability of the LD–3D perovskite solar cells. This review is expected to provide some guidance for the perovskite development and multipurpose use through in depth understanding of the structurally dimensional engineering in perovskite photovoltaics.
Reliability evaluation of a new method developed for DSC curing kinetic model of epoxy resin
Authors: Jia Hongli , Zhu Yingdan , Yan Chun , Chen Mingda , Chen Gang , Liu Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe curing kinetic model of epoxy resin is crucial for understanding reaction mechanism and accurately describing curing behavior of fiber reinforced polymer composites. In the investigations related to kinetic models of epoxy, much attention is payed to the curing characterizations of modified or mixed materials for the desired field of application in the case that the initial curing degree for calculating kinetic parameters is generally constant. In this paper, a new method by specifying the initial curing degree for kinetic parameters is developed to improve the accuracy of fitting models based on the resin systems and methods for activation energy. The curing kinetics of resin systems including Epoxy 4330, Epoxy 5212, and diglycidyl ether pentaerythritol vanillin diacetal‐bisphenol‐A epoxy resin‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DEPVD‐E51‐DDS) are examined utilizing differential scanning calorimetric technique at five different heating rates. Additionally, Kissinger, Starink, and Friedman methods, and piecewise models are adopted to fit the experimental data. The predictions from fitting models using different initial curing degrees are subsequently compared with experimental data. It is concluded that the utilization of initial curing degree promotes the accuracy of fitting models.
Structural modification of UHMWPE fiber through hybridization and CNT reinforcement for ballistic applications
Authors: Mahfuz Hassan , Carlsson Leif A. , Masory Oren , Langston Tye , Correia Vitor Prado , Irons Tristan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the construction of an armor for ballistic protection, fibers are used in the form of a laminated composite bonded to the back of the frontal ceramic layer. The composite layer dissipates energy transmitted through the ceramic layer and controls the spall. To absorb energy locally and to spread it out fast, fibers in the composite layer must have high toughness and tensile wave speed as quantified by a primary performance index called normalizing velocity. The goal of this investigation is to increase the normalizing velocity of ultra‐high molecular weight (UHMWPE) fiber that is widely used in ballistic protection. The structure of UHMWPE is modified by hybridizing with nylon and reinforcing with carbon nanotubes. Fibers are extruded by melt‐spinning. The concentration of nylon and nanotubes is 18 and 2 wt%, respectively. After extrusion, fibers are strain‐hardened by cyclic loading to align UHMWPE molecules and nanotubes along the fiber axis. Tensile properties are determined to calculate normalizing velocity. Normalizing velocities up to 1270 m/s were obtained for the modified fiber which outperforms Spectra‐2000 and Dyneema‐SK75 by 44%–57%. Materials chemistry and structure of the fiber are investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman Spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that micro‐droplet formation by the nylon phase during hybridization promotes interface sliding of UHMWPE ligaments and elevates the fracture strain. Raman and SEM examination demonstrates that embedded nanotubes get aligned along the fiber axis due to strain hardening and co‐continuously deform with UHMWPE sharing the load.
Model‐free prescribed performance fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode control with practical finite‐time stability of uncertain robot manipulators
Authors: Song Tangzhong , Fang Lijin , Wang Huaizhen , Zhang Yue , Qian Yian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of robust and high precision trajectory tracking control of uncertain robot manipulators with prescribed performance. Time delay estimation (TDE) technique is employed to estimate system model, then a new self‐adjusting strategy (SAS) is designed to adjust TDE gain online. Prescribed performance control (PPC) method is used to guarantee transient response speed and steady‐state accuracy. Moreover, the transform function of PPC employed in this paper has unlimited domain, which greatly improves the robustness and stability of system. An improved fixed‐time dynamical system is firstly deduced and analyzed, then a new fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is designed to accelerate convergence rate of tracking errors. Finally, the whole system is strictly proven to be practical finite‐time stable, which means that tracking errors can converge to a small neighborhood of zero within a uniformly bounded convergence time. Main advantages of the proposed approach include model‐free, robust, singularity‐free, faster transient response and higher steady‐state tracking precision. Experimental results carried out on the Rethink Sawyer Robot also verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A literature‐engaged Delphi approach for water quality management in building water systems
Authors: Rasheduzzaman Md , Singh Rajveer , Haas Charles N. , Olson Mira S. , Gurian Patrick L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe used the Delphi method to identify areas of consensus and disagreement in managing building water systems. One hundred and six experts were invited, 25 of whom completed both rounds. More than 95% of experts agreed that current plumbing codes are not adequate and return loop temperature should be monitored. A notably low percentage of experts agreed on the required level of chloramine (i.e., 32%) and flushing frequency (22%), despite these being common control strategies. Consensus was not achieved for temperature and disinfectant residuals, but a plurality of respondents indicated that a temperature of 55°C was appropriate and that low but detectable levels of disinfectant residuals are appropriate. After Round 2, a majority of the experts agreed that the knowledge syntheses provided were helpful and unbiased. Findings from this study will help stakeholders by providing helpful insights on plumbing code, design factors, operational factors, and water quality monitoring practices.
3D Printing Enables Customizable Batteries
Authors: Shi Huifa , Cao Jiakai , Sun Zhenhua , Ghazi Zahid Ali , Zhu Xiaoyang , Han Sa , Ren Danyang , Lu Guixia , Lan Hongbo , Li Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract3D printing, as a new technology, brings great freedom in the design and manufacturing of batteries. It offers unique advantages by the production of more advanced batteries with specific properties, such as good internal structural controllability, high shape conformability, and enhanced power capability and energy density. In this review, we provide an overview of 3D printing technologies in the field of customizable batteries. First, we introduce fundamental concepts of customizable batteries and the distinct advantages of 3D printing. Then, five representative 3D printing techniques are discussed along with their operating mechanisms, requirements for printing materials, manufacturing accuracy, and technical features. In addition, from the perspective of the three basic levels (pore structure, component architecture and interface, as well as battery appearance and mechanical deformability) of customizable batteries, a detailed overview is provided to gain an in‐depth understanding. The state‐of‐the‐art developments and current major challenges are summarized and discussed. Finally, potential research area is proposed to utilize 3D printed customizable batteries for practical applications.
High prevalence of vaccine‐preventable anal human papillomavirus infections is associated with HIV infection among gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Oo Myo Minn , Moore Samantha , Gibbons Suzanne , Adhiambo Wendy , Muthoga Peter , Siele Naomi , Akolo Maureen , Gebrebrhan Henok , Sivro Aida , Ball Blake T. , Lorway Robert R. , Severini Alberto , Kimani Joshua , McKinnon Lyle R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with anal cancers and is more prevalent in gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (gbMSM), partly due to their vulnerability to HIV infection. Baseline HPV genotype distributions and risk factors can inform the design of next‐generation HPV vaccines to prevent anal cancer.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among gbMSM receiving care at a HIV/STI clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Anal swabs were genotyped using a Luminex microsphere array. Multiple logistic regression methods were used to identify risk factors for four HPV outcomes (any HPV, any HR‐HPV, and 4‐ and 9‐valent vaccine‐preventable HPVs).ResultsAmong 115 gbMSM, 51 (44.3%) were HIV‐infected. Overall HPV prevalence was 51.3%; 84.3% among gbMSM living with HIV and 24.6% among gbMSM without HIV (p < 0.001). One‐third (32.2%) had HR‐HPV and the most prevalent vaccine‐preventable HR‐HPV genotypes were 16, 35, 45, and 58. HPV‐18 was uncommon (n = 2). The 9‐valent Gardasil vaccine would have prevented 61.0% of HPV types observed in this population. In multivariate analyses, HIV status was the only significant risk factor for any HPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:23.0, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 7.3–86.0, p < 0.001) and for HR‐HPV (aOR: 8.9, 95% CI: 2.8–36.0, p < 0.001). Similar findings were obtained for vaccine‐preventable HPVs. Being married to a woman significantly increased the odds of having HR‐HPV infections (aOR: 8.1, 95% CI: 1.6–52.0, p = 0.016).ConclusionsGbMSM living with HIV in Kenya are at higher risk of anal HPV infections including genotypes that are preventable with available vaccines. Our findings support the need for a targeted HPV vaccination campaign in this population.
Effect of Ionic Strength on the Thermal Stability of DNA Origami Nanostructures
Authors: Hanke Marcel , Tomm Emilia , Grundmeier Guido , Keller Adrian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe stability of DNA origami nanostructures in aqueous media is closely tied to the presence of cations that screen electrostatic inter‐helix repulsion. Here, the thermal melting behavior of different DNA origami nanostructures is investigated in dependence on Mg2+ concentration and compared to calculated ensemble melting temperatures of the staple strands used in DNA origami folding. Strong deviations of the measured DNA origami melting temperatures from the calculated ones are observed, in particular at high ionic strength where the melting temperature saturates and becomes independent of ionic strength. The degree of deviation between the measured and calculated melting temperatures further depends on the superstructure and in particular the mechanical properties of the DNA origami nanostructures. This indicates that thermal stability of a given DNA origami design at high ionic strength is governed predominantly not by electrostatic inter‐helix repulsion but mostly by mechanical strain.
Frustrated Lewis Pairs Catalyse the Solvent‐Assisted Synthesis of Azoles from ortho‐Substituted Anilines, CO2 and H2
Authors: Paparakis Alexandros , Hulla Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSynthesizing azoles from ortho‐substituted anilines, CO2 and H2 has proved difficult due to the low nucleophilicity of anilines, which hinders their N‐formylation, i. e., the first step of the reaction. This study demonstrates that R3SnX Lewis acids (LA), N‐methylmorpholine (NMM) or DBU and polyethyleneimine (PEI) or N‐formylmorpholine efficiently catalyse the synthesis of benzimidazole and other azoles from ortho‐substituted anilines, CO2 and H2 by reductive coupling of CO2 to nucleophilic amine‐based solvents, PEI or morpholine, followed by in‐situ transfer of the formyl group to the appropriate ortho‐substituted aniline. Under these reaction conditions, spontaneous cyclization of the N‐formylated intermediate yields the corresponding azole in up to 98 % yield.
Heart failure outcomes in low‐risk patients with atrial fibrillation: a case–control study of 680 523 Swedish individuals
Authors: Basic Carmen , Hansson Per‐Olof , Sandström Tatiana Zverkova , Johansson Birgitta , Fu Michael , Mandalenakis Zacharias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsKnowledge of long‐term outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains limited. We sought to evaluate the risk of new‐onset heart failure (HF) in patients with AF and a low cardiovascular risk profile.Methods and resultsData from the Swedish National Patient Register were used to identify all patients with a first‐time diagnosis of AF without underlying cardiovascular disease at baseline between 1987 and 2018. Each patient was compared with two controls without AF from the National Total Population Register. In total, 227 811 patients and 452 712 controls were included. During a mean follow‐up of 9.1 (standard deviation 7.0) years, the hazard ratio (HR) for new‐onset HF was 3.55 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.51–3.60] in patients compared with controls. Women with AF (18–34 years) had HR for HF onset 24.6 (95% CI 7.59–80.0) and men HR 9.86 (95% CI 6.81–14.27). The highest risk was within 1 year in patients 18–34 years, HR 103.9 (95% CI 46.3–233.1). The incidence rate within 1 year increased from 6.2 (95% CI 4.5–8.6) per 1000 person‐years in young patients (18–34 years) to 142.8 (95% CI 139.4–146.3) per 1000 person‐years among older patients (>80 years).ConclusionsPatients studied had a three‐fold higher risk of developing HF compared with controls. Young patients, particularly women, carry up to 100‐fold increased risk to develop HF within 1 year after AF. Further studies in patients with AF and low cardiovascular risk profile are needed to prevent serious complications such as HF.
Development of a highly sensitive imaged cIEF immunoassay for studying AAV capsid protein charge heterogeneity
Authors: Ramírez Francisco , Wu Jiaqi , Haitjema Charles , Heger Chris 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) capsid proteins tune and regulate the AAV infective life cycle, which can impact the safety and efficacy of AAV gene therapy products. Many of these PTMs induce changes in protein charge heterogeneity, including deamidation, oxidation, glycation, and glycosylation. To characterize the charge heterogeneity of a protein, imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) has become the gold standard method. We have previously reported an icIEF method with native fluorescence detection for denatured AAV capsid protein charge heterogeneity analysis. Although well suited for final products, the method does not have sufficient sensitivity for upstream, low‐concentration AAV samples, and lacks the specificity for capsid protein detection in complex samples like cell culture supernatants and cell lysates. In contrast, the combination of icIEF, protein capture, and immunodetection affords significantly higher sensitivity and specificity, addressing the challenges of the icIEF method. By leveraging different primary antibodies, the icIEF immunoassay provides additional selectivity and affords a detailed characterization of individual AAV capsid proteins. In this study, we describe an icIEF immunoassay method for AAV analysis that is 90 times more sensitive than native fluorescence icIEF. This icIEF immunoassay provides AAV stability monitoring, where changes in individual capsid protein charge heterogeneity can be observed in response to heat stress. When applied to different AAV serotypes, this method also provides serotype identity with reproducible quantification of VP protein peak areas and apparent isoelectric point (pI). Overall, the described icIEF immunoassay is a sensitive, reproducible, quantitative, specific, and selective tool that can be used across the AAV biomanufacturing process, especially in upstream process development where complex sample types are often encountered.
Sediment transport and the freshwater modification of tidal hydraulics approaching a fjordic sill: The Falls of Lora, Loch Etive, western Scotland, UK
Authors: Armstrong Christian , Howe John A. , Inall Mark , Dale Andrew , Allen Christopher , Benjamins Steven , Wilson Ben , Lepper Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Falls of Lora (FoL), Loch Etive, illustrates a highly energetic tidal site across a shallow (mean depth = 8 m) fjordic sill. The FoL hydrodynamics have been investigated using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), a numerical flow model, water‐level data and meteorological data. Additionally, four bathymetric timeseries datasets (from February 2014, September 2020, November 2021 and June 2022) provided alternative indication of flow variability by monitoring the geometry of submarine sediment bedforms. A correlation of 0.22 (−0.2 < 97.5% confidence interval < 0.2) was found between catchment‐integrated precipitation and residual water height (with effects of tide and atmospheric pressure removed). Residual water height varied by 0.77 m. Artificially increasing the water height by up to 0.6 m at the model's up‐fjord open boundary to emulate the effects of precipitation increased (decreased) peak depth‐averaged flow speed of the ebb (flood) jet by 0.44 m/s (0.34 m/s) whilst modifying residual flow fields around the FoL. The freshwater‐modified residual flow correlated with the westward displacement of a flow transverse sediment ridge observed in two bathymetric surveys conducted after periods of relatively high precipitation. Additionally, in one of the surveys associated with increased precipitation, wavelength stretching in the sediment dunes was observed uniquely at the western approach to the FoL, dominated by the freshwater‐enhanced ebb flow. Increasing the water levels of the up‐fjord boundary from 0.1 to 0.6 m resulted in an increased mean bedload transport of 2.28 × 10−5 m3/s (370% increase) for these dunes dominated by the ebb current. Whereas Loch Etive has an anomalously high freshwater influence on sill flow compared with other Scottish fjords, it is predicted that freshwater inputs are a significant influence on sill hydrodynamics and nearby sediment transport pathways in other fjordic systems.