bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating cancer treatment with pictogram-based timeline visualizations
Authors: Jambor Helena Klara , Ketges Julian , Otto Anna Lea , von Bonin Malte , Trautmann-Grill Karolin , Teipel Raphael , Middeke Jan Moritz , Uhlig Maria , Eichler Martin , Pannasch Sebastian , Bornhäuser Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluated the legibility, comprehension, and clinical usability of visual timelines for communicating cancer treatment paths. We examined how these visual aids enhance participants’ and patients’ understanding of their treatment plans.

Materials and Methods
The study included 2 online surveys and 1 in-person survey with hematology cancer patients. The online surveys involved 306 and 160 participants, respectively, while the clinical evaluation included 30 patients (11 re-surveyed) and 24 medical doctors. Participants were assessed on their ability to understand treatment paths provided with audio information alone or with visual aids. The study also evaluated the comprehensibility of key treatment terms and the ability of patients to recall their cancer treatment paths.

Results
Visual representations effectively communicated treatment terms, with 7 out of 8 terms achieving over 85% transparency as pictograms, compared to 5 out of 8 for comics and 4 out of 8 for photos. Visual treatment timelines improved the proportion of correct responses, increased confidence, and were rated higher in information quality than audio-only information. In the clinical evaluation, patients showed good comprehension (mean proportion correct: 0.82) and recall (mean proportion correct: 0.71 after several weeks), and both patients and physicians found the visual aids helpful.

Discussion
We discuss that visual timelines enhance patient comprehension and confidence in cancer communication. We also discuss limitations of the online surveys and clinical evaluation. The importance of accessible visual aids in patient consultations is emphasized, with potential benefits for diverse patient populations.

Conclusion
Visual aids in the form of treatment timelines improve the legibility and comprehension of cancer treatment paths. Both patients and physicians support integrating these tools into cancer treatment communication.
First-line pembrolizumab-axitinib versus sunitinib in metastatic RCC: subgroup analysis of patients enrolled in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-426 in Eastern Asia
Authors: Chung Hsiao-Jen , Kondoh Chihiro , Bae Woo Kyun , Tamada Satoshi , Matsubara Nobuaki , Lee Hyo Jin , Mizuno Ryuichi , Anai Satoshi , Kimura Go , Tomita Yoshihiko , Chang Chao-Hsiang , Chang John Wen-Cheng , Lin Jianxin , Perini Rodolfo F , Molife L Rhoda , Powles Thomas , Rini Brian I , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The phase 3 open-label KEYNOTE-426 study demonstrated that first-line pembrolizumab plus axitinib improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in a global population. This subgroup analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab-axitinib versus sunitinib in patients enrolled in KEYNOTE-426 in East Asia (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan).

Methods
Adults with clear cell mRCC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks with oral axitinib 5 mg twice daily or oral sunitinib 50 mg once daily (4 weeks on/2 weeks off). Dual primary endpoints were OS and PFS, assessed by blinded independent central review. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and safety.

Results
The East Asian subgroup comprised 130 patients (pembrolizumab-axitinib, n = 62; sunitinib, n = 68; 15.1% of the global intention-to-treat population). Compared with sunitinib, pembrolizumab-axitinib OS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–1.44; 36-month rates, 62.9% and 58.8%, respectively] and PFS HR was 0.59 (95% CI 0.38–0.92) in favor of pembrolizumab-axitinib. ORR favored pembrolizumab-axitinib (64.5% vs 44.1% for sunitinib). The results were generally consistent with the intention-to-treat population. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 69.4% of patients on pembrolizumab-axitinib and 74.6% on sunitinib; 16 (25.8%) patients on pembrolizumab-axitinib and 17 (25.4%) patients on sunitinib discontinued due to adverse events. No deaths from TRAEs occurred.

Conclusion
Pembrolizumab-axitinib improved efficacy for East Asian patients with untreated clear cell mRCC, consistent with results from the global population. Safety was manageable.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02853331.
Far-side helioseismology with Sun-as-a-star data: the solar cycle as seen with 7-d-long BiSON time series
Authors: Howe R , Chaplin W J , Elsworth Y P , Hale S J , Hatt E , Nielsen M B 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present results from fitting p-mode spectra derived from 7-d segments of Sun-as-a-star helioseismic observations from the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network covering 32 yr. The results show a clear dependence of the mode frequencies on solar activity, and the frequency dependence of the sensitivity to activity can also be seen. Because we use data segments that cover less than half of a solar rotation, we are able to test for the effect of activity on the solar far side. By fitting with a model that takes into account activity on the far side of the Sun, we show that the frequency shifts are sensitive to activity from the whole Sun, not just the side facing the observer. Our results suggest that there is potential to investigate activity-related asteroseismic frequency shifts in solar-like oscillators using short time series of observations.
Constructing the Cretaceous Highly Silicic Plutons in SE China through the Magmatic Plumbing System
Authors: Chen Jing-Yuan , Yang Jin-Hui , Zhang Ji-Heng , Sun Jing-Feng , Zhu Yu-Sheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High-silica plutons (SiO2 &gt; 75 wt %) play a key role in deciphering the evolution and origin of the upper continental crust. Therefore, studying vertical cross sections of high-silica plutons is essential for gaining new insights into magmatic evolution and the thermal and material processes that shape the Earth's crust during pluton formation. In this study, we present extensive data on the bulk-rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopes, and trace elements for a range of high-silicic rocks from top-to-bottom cross-section in the Jiuzhen batholith and Yunhe pluton in southeastern China. Geochemical and zircon trace element features of the granitic rocks from the Jiuzhen batholith and Yunhe pluton indicate that these high-silica rocks originated from middle- to upper-crustal magma reservoirs via crystal-melt segregation. In the Jiuzhen batholith, the coarse-grained porphyritic granite in the upper unit originated from the reactivation of a pre-existing, highly evolved, water-rich magma reservoir with lower crystallinity, while the coarse-grained porphyritic granite in the lower unit was segregated from the same magma reservoir with higher crystallinity and involved a higher proportion of mantle material in its formation. The fine-grained granite was later extracted from the nearby magma reservoir of coarse-grained porphyritic granite in the upper unit, indicating they were formed through in situ differentiation of the silica magma reservoir in the shallow crust. Similarly, the geochemical characteristics of granites from different units of the Yunhe pluton suggest they were produced by the solidification of high-silica melts extracted from a common water-poor magma reservoir. As the high-silica magmas accumulated to form a magma reservoir in the shallow crust and subsequently underwent further cooling and crystallization, the proportion of melt decreased, leading to an enrichment of volatiles and silica in the residual melt. The upward migration of these residual melts within the high silicic magma reservoir resulted in vertical compositional variations within the Yunhe pluton. Our research on the Jiuzhen batholith and Yunhe pluton has revealed that the composition of high-silica magmas is influenced not only by crystal-melt segregation within deep magma reservoir but also by in situ crystal-melt segregation occurring within magma reservoirs formed through the aggregation of felsic melts in the shallow crust.
King George II as an Ass: The Dunciad Variorum Engravings and Their Consequences
Authors: McLaverty James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This essay explores the significance of the Dunciad Variorum engravings (1729) and their role in the antagonism between Pope and the court in the years 1729 to 1735. It argues that the images of a burdened ass and of asses’ ears have been correctly interpreted by J. Paul Hunter as representations of the king, and that recognition of that insult (planned with William Kent and the Earl and Countess of Burlington) lay behind the attacks on Pope in subsequent years. The motto engraved alongside the title-page ass should be interpreted as a reference to Horace’s warning of the power of poor writing to degrade the poet and the ruler, while Leonard Welsted, prominent in that engraving, should be identified as a flatterer of the king and Robert Walpole. The subsequent attacks on Pope’s friend, Charles Jervas, on the imitation of Horace Satire 2.1, and on Pope’s To Burlington (led by Welsted), are shown to be disproportionate and motivated by resentment of the engravings. Pope’s attempted replies to the court and to Lord Hervey (identified as his leading opponent) in two prose pieces were hampered by his inability to identify his offence. Instead he moved into attack and outed his engravings in To Arbuthnot.
From forests to farming: identification of photosynthetic limitations in breadfruit across diverse environments
Authors: Dow Graham J , Lincoln Noa Kekuewa , Autufuga Dolly , Paull Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) is a prolific tropical tree producing highly nutritious and voluminous carbohydrate-rich fruits. Already recognized as an underutilized crop of high potential, breadfruit could ameliorate food insecurity and protect against climate-related productivity shocks in undernourished equatorial regions. However, a lack of fundamental knowledge impedes widespread agricultural adoption, from modern agroforestry to plantation schemes. Here, we used a multi-environment breadfruit variety trial across the Hawaiian Islands to determine photosynthetic limitations, understand the role of site conditions or varietal features, and define their contributions to agronomic efficiency. Photosynthetic rates were dependent on location and variety, and strongly correlated with fruit yield (r2 = 0.80, P &lt; 0.001). Photochemistry was suitable to full-sunlight conditions, with a saturation point of 1545 photosynthetically active radiation, Vcmax of 151 μmol m−2 s−1 and Jmax of 128 μmol m−2 s−1, which are high-end compared with other tropical and temperate tree crops. However, limitations on CO2 assimilation were imposed by stomatal characteristics, including stomatal density (P &lt; 0.05) and diurnal oscillations of stomatal conductance (&gt;50% reductions from daily maxima). These constraints on CO2 diffusion are likely to limit maximum productivity more than photochemistry. Our results comprise the first comprehensive analysis of breadfruit photosynthesis, successfully link ecophysiology with fruit yield, and identify vital traits for future research and management optimization.
Postpartum Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis and Venous Thromboembolism in a U.S. Cohort
Authors: Bruno Ann M. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Saad Antonio , Subramaniam Akila , Saade George R. , Benson Meagan , Szychowski Jeff M. , Jauk Victoria , Kim Dhong Jin , Larrea Nicole , Kennedy Stephanie , Silver Robert M. , Scharfstein Daniel , Metz Torri D. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effect of administering postpartum heparin-based pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis on the incidence of postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE) and complications.

METHODS:
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of all individuals delivering at more than 20 weeks of gestation at four U.S. hospitals from 2016 to 2019. Individuals with a personal history of VTE or thrombophilia, with an antepartum diagnosis of VTE, or receiving therapeutic anticoagulation were excluded. The exposure was postpartum heparin-based pharmacologic prophylaxis (including unfractionated and low-molecular-weight formulations). The primary outcome was VTE identified within 12 weeks of delivery. Secondary outcomes included hospital readmission and wound complications among individuals undergoing cesarean delivery. Baseline characteristics were compared between those receiving and those not receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Augmented inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to estimate risk difference in outcomes among those who received prophylaxis. The effects are reported as a risk difference with 95% CIs. Positive and negative effects indicate benefit and harm, respectively.

RESULTS:
Of 64,886 deliveries included, the rate of heparin-based postpartum pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was 13.8% (95% CI, 13.5–14.1%), and the rate of VTE was 0.11% (95% CI, 0.09–0.14%). Individuals receiving thromboprophylaxis were more likely to be older, to deliver by cesarean, and to have a comorbid health condition. In propensity score analysis, pharmacologic prophylaxis compared with no pharmacologic prophylaxis resulted in no difference in VTE (risk difference 0.0%, 95% CI, 0–0.16%) but an increased risk for hospital readmission (risk difference −1.36%, 95% CI, −2.51 to −0.14%) and wound complications (risk difference −1.45%, 95% CI, −2.35 to −0.65%).

CONCLUSION:
Use of postpartum pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis did not reduce postpartum VTE in this U.S. cohort. Findings may reflect persistent confounding despite covariate adjustment or suggest that the current practice of administration of thromboprophylaxis (eg, dosing, timing of initiation, length of use) is ineffective.
Benefits of Cochlear Implantation and Hearing Preservation for Children With Preoperative Functional Hearing: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Park Lisa R. , Richter Margaret E. , Gagnon Erika B. , Culbertson Shannon R. , Henderson Lillian W. , Dillon Margaret T. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
This study was designed to (1) compare preactivation and postactivation performance with a cochlear implant for children with functional preoperative low-frequency hearing, (2) compare outcomes of electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) versus electric-only stimulation (ES) for children with versus without hearing preservation to understand the benefits of low-frequency acoustic cues, and (3) to investigate the relationship between postoperative acoustic hearing thresholds and performance.

Design:
This was a prospective, 12-month between-subjects trial including 24 pediatric cochlear implant recipients with preoperative low-frequency functional hearing. Participant ages ranged from 5 to 17 years old. They were recruited at their device activation and fit with EAS or ES based on their postoperative thresholds. Group outcomes were compared for single-word recognition, masked sentence recognition, perceived hearing abilities, speech production, receptive language, expressive language, and prosodic identification.

Results:
Children experienced improvements in word recognition, subjective hearing, speech production, and expressive language with EAS or ES as compared with their preoperative abilities. Children using EAS performed better on a prosodic identification task and had higher subjective hearing scores postactivation as compared with children using ES. There was a significant relationship between postoperative thresholds at 125 Hz and prosodic identification.

Conclusions:
The results of this study support cochlear implantation for children with normal-to-moderate low-frequency hearing thresholds and severe-to-profound high-frequency hearing loss. They also highlight the benefits of postoperative hearing preservation for language development.
Preferences for HIV PrEP care among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: a large discrete choice experiment
Authors: Patel Viraj V. , Andrade Eli A. , Zimba Rebecca , Mirzayi Chloe , Zhang Chenshu , Kharfen Michael , Doshi Rupali , Nash Denis , Grov Christian 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
We aimed to identify preferences for PrEP care among diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (BLGBM) in the US with discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Design:
We conducted two DCEs to elicit care delivery preferences for Starting and Continuing PrEP among 16–49 year-old HIV negative GBM not using PrEP from across the United States. DCEs assessed preferences for care options including location, formulation (pills, injectable), lab testing, and costs. Participants completed 16 choice tasks and utility scores and relative importance were estimated. We performed latent class analyses to identify groups within each DCE, and multivariable logistic regression to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with class membership.

Results:
Among 1514 participants, 46.5% identified as Latino, 21.4% Black, and 25.2 White. For Starting PrEP DCE, two latent classes were identified: “In-Person” (28.5%) which preferred in-person care and lab testing, and “Virtual” (71.5%) which preferred telehealth and at-home lab testing. For Continuing PrEP DCE, two latent classes were identified: “Pills” (23.6%) which preferred oral PrEP with low-cost options and “No Cost/Injectable” (76.4%) which strongly preferred no-costs and injectable PrEP. In multivariable models for Starting PrEP and for Continuing PrEP, latent class membership was significantly associated with a range of sociodemographic characteristics including race/ethnicity, income, housing instability, and provider and PrEP stigma.

Conclusions:
The preferences identified for PrEP care in this diverse GBM sample indicate the need for multiple care and formulation choices including elimination of costs to improve PrEP uptake. DCE findings can guide implementation efforts to improve equitable access to PrEP.
Exploiting the lock: leveraging MiG-V's logic locking for secret-data extraction
Authors: Reimann Lennart M. , Madhukumar Variyar Yadu , Huelser Lennet , Ghinami Chiara , Germek Dominik , Leupers Rainer 
Published: January 2025

The MiG-V was designed for high-security applications and is the first commercially available logic-locked RISC-V processor on the market. In this context, logic locking was used to protect the RISC-V processor design during the untrusted manufacturing process by using key-driven logic gates to obfuscate the original design. Although this method defends against malicious modifications, such as hardware Trojans, logic locking’s impact on the RISC-V processor’s data confidentiality during runtime has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, we evaluate the impact of logic locking on data confidentiality. By altering the logic locking key of the MiG-V while running SSL cryptographic algorithms, we identify data leakages resulting from the exploitation of the logic-locking hardware. We show that changing a single bit of the logic locking key can expose 100% of the cryptographic encryption key. This research reveals a critical security flaw in logic locking, highlighting the need for comprehensive security assessments beyond logic-locking key-recovery attacks.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms’.
Neural in-memory checksums: an error detection and correction technique for safe in-memory inference
Authors: Parrini Luca , Soliman Taha , Hettwer Benjamin , De La Parra Cecilia , Borrmann Jan Micha , Singh Simranjeet , Bende Ankit , Rana Vikas , Merchant Farhad , Wehn Norbert 
Published: January 2025

The advent of in-memory computing has introduced a new paradigm of computation, which offers significant improvements in terms of latency and power consumption for emerging embedded AI accelerators. Nevertheless, the effect of the hardware variations and non-idealities of the emerging memory technologies may significantly compromise the accuracy of inferred neural networks and result in malfunctions in safety-critical applications. This article addresses the issue from three different perspectives. First, we describe the technology-related sources of these variations. Then, we propose an architectural-level mitigation strategy that involves the coordinated action of two checksum codes designed to detect and correct errors at runtime. Finally, we optimize the area and latency overhead of the proposed solution by using two accuracy-aware hardware–software co-design techniques. The results demonstrate higher efficiency in mitigating the accuracy degradation of multiple AI algorithms in the context of different technologies compared with state-of-the-art solutions and traditional techniques such as triple modular redundancy. Several configurations of our implementation recover more than 95% of the original accuracy with less than 40% of the area and less than 30% of latency overhead.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Emerging technologies for future secure computing platforms’.
Patterns of viruses among the jaundice patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Biswas Rajat Sanker , Abdullah Sk Md Faisal , Waddadar Shemanta , Chowdhury Nabil Asgar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionJaundice is the commonest presenting features of hepatitis and it is a common clinical condition in Bangladesh. As a country of the Asia Pacific region Bangladesh is considered to be a high risk country for developing hepatitis by different hepatotropic viruses. This studyrepresents the patterns and types ofviruses among the patients admitted in a tertiary care hospitals inBangladesh who were presented with jaundice.MethodsPresent cross sectional observational study done during a one year study period from July 2022 to June 2023 in a tertiary care hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh among 114 patients. All patients who had clinical jaundice or having serum bilirubin > 2 mg/dl were recruited in the study. Clinical data were collected from all of them and viral serology were also done by ICT or ELISA. Informed written consent were taken from all patients and permission for the study were taken from ERB of the medical college.ResultsAmong 114 study subjects, male were 73(64%) and female were 41(36%) and male to female ratio was 1: 0.56. Among all, maximum were in the age range of <20 years and 21- 30 years which were 46(40.4%) and 44(38.6%) respectively. Regarding clinical features, 109(95.6%) had jaundice and 89(78.1%) had fever and 74(64.9%) had nausea and these were three dominant clinical features found. Viral serology study revealed frequency of HAV, HBV, HCV and HEV infection were 43(37.7%), 9(7.9%), 1(0.9%) and 26(22.8%) respectively. There were viral coinfections with (HAV+HEV), (HAV+HBV) and (HBV + HEV) and it were 8(7.0%), 4(3.5%) and 3(2.6%) respectively. Among all 20(17.5%) cases were tested negative for hepatotropic viruses. Again 6(5.3%) had Anti HBc Positivity and 2(1.8%) cases were found coinfected with HIV.ConclusionsIn a year round, HAV and HEV are two common viral infection causing jaundice among the locality. HBV had a significant level of infection with low level HCV causing jaundice. Two HIV coinfection is an alarming condition found among the jaundice patients which need further exploration and risk factor evaluations.