bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a geometric combination of functions related to Prékopa–Leindler inequality
Authors: Crasta Graziano , Fragalà Ilaria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce a new operation between nonnegative integrable functions on , that we call geometric combination; it is obtained via a mass transportation approach, playing with inverse distribution functions. The main feature of this operation is that the Lebesgue integral of the geometric combination equals the geometric mean of the two separate integrals; as a natural consequence, we derive a new functional inequality of Prékopa–Leindler type. When applied to the characteristic functions of two measurable sets, their geometric combination provides a set whose volume equals the geometric mean of the two separate volumes. In the framework of convex bodies, by comparing the geometric combination with the 0‐sum, we get an alternative proof of the log‐Brunn–Minkowski inequality for unconditional convex bodies and for convex bodies with n symmetries.
Hybrid Message-Passing Interface-Open Multiprocessing Accelerated Euler–Lagrange Simulations of Microbubble Enhanced HIFU for Tumor Ablation
Authors: Ma Jingsen , Deng Xiaolong , Hsiao Chao-Tsung , Chahine Georges L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicrobubble enhanced high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is of great interest to tissue ablation for solid tumor treatments such as in liver and brain cancers, in which contrast agents/microbubbles are injected into the targeted region to promote heating and reduce prefocal tissue damage. A compressible Euler–Lagrange coupled model has been developed to accurately characterize the acoustic and thermal fields during this process. This employs a compressible Navier–Stokes solver for the ultrasound acoustic field and a discrete singularities model for bubble dynamics. To address the demanding computational cost relevant to practical medical applications, a multilevel hybrid message-passing interface (MPI)-open multiprocessing (OpenMP) parallelization scheme is developed to take advantage of both scalability of MPI and load balancing of OpenMP. At the first level, the Eulerian computational domain is divided into multiple subdomains and the bubbles are subdivided into groups based on which subdomain they fall into. At the next level, in each subdomain containing bubbles, multiple OpenMP threads are activated to speed up the computations of the bubble dynamics. For improved throughput, the OpenMP threads are more heavily distributed to subdomains where the bubbles are clustered. By doing this, MPI load imbalance issue due to uneven bubble distribution is mitigated by OpenMP speedup locally for those subdomains hosting more bubbles than others. The hybrid MPI-OpenMP Euler–Lagrange solver is used to conduct simulations and physical studies of bubble-enhanced HIFU problems containing a large number of microbubbles. The phenomenon of acoustic shadowing caused by the bubble cloud is then analyzed and discussed. Efficiency tests on two different machines with 48 processors are conducted and indicate 2–3 times speedup with the same hardware by introducing an OpenMP parallelization in combination with the MPI parallelization.
Light-Weight Design of Five-Degree-of-Freedom Hybrid Robot for Assembling in the Cabin
Authors: Lian Binbin , Feng Pan , Wu Jin , Ma Jintao , Zhang Yuan , Song Yimin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterior assembling inside the cabin of an aircraft requires assembling robot to be light-weight and able to carry heavy payload. This paper proposed a hybrid robot and carried out its optimal design and experiments. The robot consists of a 1T2R parallel module and a 2T serial module. In the parallel module, the first limb is composed of a slider crank mechanism and a RS link. The other two limbs are PRS limbs. Herein, R, S, P are revolute, spherical, and actuated prismatic joints. Optimization of the robot concerns motion/force transmissibility, total mass, and stiffness. Hence, kinematic, stiffness, and mass modeling are implemented, and then the Pareto-based multi-objective optimization. Objective arrangements are discussed by concerning (1) the conflicting relation between mass and the minimal linear stiffness along z-axis and (2) the overall stiffness performance. After comparing six multi-objective optimizations, it is found that simultaneously regarding mass and minimal linear stiffness along z-axis as objectives is beneficial for obtaining large payload-to-mass ratio, moreover having overall stiffness as objectives would lower the values of motion/force transmissibility and payload-to-mass ratio. Finally, optimization model having motion/force transmissibility, total mass, and minimal linear stiffness along z-axis as objectives is selected. The optimal payload-to-mass ratio is up to 13.2837. The five degrees-of-freedom hybrid robot is machined and assembled. Experiments on the workspace, repeatability, and load carrying capacity confirm the performances of the designed robot.
Numerical and Experimental Analyses of a Partially Water-Filled Inclined Floating Body
Authors: Ji Song , Huang Heng , Chen Xujun , Liu Junyi , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Floating bodies are widely used in the field of offshore engineering. Existing studies show that the motion responses of a floating body in waves will change with the internal water in the cabins, and it is essential to analyze its hydrodynamic performance under various potential operating conditions. However, most of the research only considers the interaction between the floating body and the internal water in the upright position, and there has been little research on the inclined floating body caused by water partially filled in the broadside. In this study, a floating body with a plurality of longitudinal and transverse cabins was designed. The regular wave model test was carried out in a wave basin, and the numerical results were compared with the experimental results, which verified the accuracy of the model. The effects of wave direction, wave frequency, water-filling depth, and cabin division on the motion responses of the floating body are analyzed. The results show that the water inside the cabins has a significant impact on the roll motion. With the increase of the water-filling depth, the natural frequency of the roll motion decreases. Special attention should be paid to the impact on the wave direction and cabin division on the partially water-filled inclined floating body.
Developing Elastic–Plastic Material Models for Pressure Measurement Films in a Steel–Steel Contact for Smooth and Rough Surfaces
Authors: Stratmann Ina , Goersch Jannik , Neuser Moritz , Schindler Christian , Stratmann Tanja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe contact zone between two steel components can be identified by utilizing a pressure measurement film in the contact between them. To reduce the number of necessary experiments, it is possible to simulate the contact situation using “finite element analysis.” This analysis requires material models for the contact partners and for the pressure measurement films. It is known that the pressure measurement film deforms not only elastically but also plastically. Taking this plastic deformation into account requires an appropriate material model such as the Drucker–Prager model. Based on published data of experiments with pressure measurement films that had been inserted between smooth and rough Hertzian bodies, we developed material models for three pressure measurement films. The roughness of a Hertzian body was studied by determining multiple pressure–clearance curves for three different surface roughnesses and for three different pressure measurement films. These curves were developed with micromodels, which represented a small section of the rough contact surface. An average curve for each material was then implemented in the macromodel for each roughness representing the contact situation. Subsequently, the resulting contact areas were compared with the published experimental data. This comparison showed that the material model for the smooth contact was able to emulate the experimentally determined contact areas. Including the pressure–clearance curves in the material model allowed the simulation of the rough contact situation. However, the deviation between the simulated and the experimental data was slightly larger for the rough surface than for the smooth surface.
Sensitive detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms by conjugated polymers for personalized treatment of hypertension
Authors: Shen Qi , Zhang Honghong , Huang Yiming , Li Mingyu , Zhao Hao , Yang Zhiwen , Zhao Haijing , Liu Qi , Fu Zihao , Di Yufei , Liu Libing , Bai Haotian , Lv Fengting , Chen Yundai , Liu Yuqi , Wang Shu 
Published: March 2023

Genetic variants among individuals have been associated with ineffective control of hypertension. Previous work has shown that hypertension has a polygenic nature, and interactions between these loci have been associated with variations in drug response. Rapid detection of multiple genetic loci with high sensitivity and specificity is needed for the effective implementation of personalized medicine for the treatment of hypertension. Here, we used a cationic conjugated polymer (CCP)–based multistep fluorescence resonance energy transfer (MS-FRET) technique to qualitatively analyze DNA genotypes associated with hypertension in the Chinese population. Assessment of 10 genetic loci using this technique successfully identified known hypertensive risk alleles in a retrospective study of whole-blood samples from 150 patients hospitalized with hypertension. We then applied our detection method in a prospective clinical trial of 100 patients with essential hypertension and found that personalized treatment of patients with hypertension based on results from the MS-FRET technique could effectively improve blood pressure control rate (94.0% versus 54.0%) and shorten the time duration to controlling blood pressure (4.06 ± 2.10 versus 5.82 ± 1.84 days) as compared with conventional treatment. These results suggest that CCP-based MS-FRET genetic variant detection may assist clinicians in rapid and accurate classification of risk in patients with hypertension and improve treatment outcomes.
Low yield from imaging after non-E. coliurine tract infections in children treated in primary care and emergency department
Authors: Tse Yincent , Pickles Charlie , Owens Stephen , Malina Michal , Peace Richard , Gopal Milan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundImaging is recommended for selected children following urinary tract infections (UTIs) to look for actionable structural abnormalities. Non-E. coliis considered high risk in many national guidelines, but evidence is mainly drawn from small cohorts from tertiary centres.ObjectiveTo ascertain imaging yield from infants and children <12 years diagnosed with their first confirmed UTI (pure single growth >100 000 cfu per ml) in primary care or an emergency department without admission stratified by bacteria type.Design, setting, patientsData were collected from an administrative database of a UK citywide direct access UTI service between 2000 and 2021. Imaging policy mandated renal tract ultrasound and Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scans in all children, plus micturating cystourethrogram in infants <12 months.Results7730 children (79% girls, 16% aged <1 year, 55% 1–4 years) underwent imaging after first UTI diagnosed by primary care (81%) or emergency department without admission (13%).E. coliUTI yielded abnormal kidney imaging in 8.9% (566/6384).Enterococcusand KPP (Klebsiella,Proteus,Pseudomonas) yielded 5.6% (42/749) and 5.0% (24/483) with relative risks 0.63 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.86) and 0.56 (0.38 to 0.83)), respectively. No difference was found when stratified by age banding or imaging modality.ConclusionIn this largest published group of infants and children diagnosed in primary and emergency care not requiring admission, non-E. coliUTI was not associated with a higher yield from renal tract imaging.
Centile reference chart for resting metabolic rate through the life course
Authors: Watson Laura , Cole Tim J , Lyons Greta , Georgiou Christopher , Worsley Jieniean , Carr Katherine , Murgatroyd Peter , Moran Carla , Chatterjee Krishna , Venables Michelle 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveReference centile charts are widely used for the assessment of growth and have progressed from describing height and weight to include body composition variables such as fat and lean mass. Here, we present centile charts for an index of resting energy expenditure (REE) or metabolic rate, adjusted for lean mass versus age, including both children and adults across the life course.Design, participants and interventionMeasurements of REE by indirect calorimetry and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were made in 411 healthy children and adults (age range 6–64 years) and serially in a patient with resistance to thyroid hormone α (RTHα) between age 15 and 21 years during thyroxine therapy.SettingNIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, UK.ResultsThe centile chart indicates substantial variability, with the REE index ranging between 0.41 and 0.59 units at age 6 years, and 0.28 and 0.40 units at age 25 years (2nd and 98th centile, respectively). The 50th centile of the index ranged from 0.49 units (age 6 years) to 0.34 units (age 25 years). Over 6 years, the REE index of the patient with RTHα varied from 0.35 units (25th centile) to 0.28 units (<2nd centile), depending on changes in lean mass and adherence to treatment.ConclusionWe have developed a reference centile chart for an index of resting metabolic rate in childhood and adults, and shown its clinical utility in assessing response to therapy of an endocrine disorder during a patient’s transition from childhood to adult.
Accurate detection and grading of pterygium through smartphone by a fusion training model
Authors: Liu Yuwen , Xu Changsheng , Wang Shaopan , Chen Yuguang , Lin Xiang , Guo Shujia , Liu Zhaolin , Wang Yuqian , Zhang Houjian , Guo Yuli , Huang Caihong , Wu Huping , Li Ying , Chen Qian , Hu Jiaoyue , Luo Zhiming , Liu Zuguo 
Published: March 2023

Background/aimsTo improve the accuracy of pterygium screening and detection through smartphones, we established a fusion training model by blending a large number of slit-lamp image data with a small proportion of smartphone data.MethodTwo datasets were used, a slit-lamp image dataset containing 20 987 images and a smartphone-based image dataset containing 1094 images. The RFRC (Faster RCNN based on ResNet101) model for the detection model. The SRU-Net (U-Net based on SE-ResNeXt50) for the segmentation models. The open-cv algorithm measured the width, length and area of pterygium in the cornea.ResultsThe detection model (trained by slit-lamp images) obtained the mean accuracy of 95.24%. The fusion segmentation model (trained by smartphone and slit-lamp images) achieved a microaverage F1score of 0.8981, sensitivity of 0.8709, specificity of 0.9668 and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9295. Compared with the same group of patients’ smartphone and slit-lamp images, the fusion model performance in smartphone-based images (F1score of 0.9313, sensitivity of 0.9360, specificity of 0.9613, AUC of 0.9426, accuracy of 92.38%) is close to the model (trained by slit-lamp images) in slit-lamp images (F1score of 0.9448, sensitivity of 0.9165, specificity of 0.9689, AUC of 0.9569 and accuracy of 94.29%).ConclusionOur fusion model method got high pterygium detection and grading accuracy in insufficient smartphone data, and its performance is comparable to experienced ophthalmologists and works well in different smartphone brands.
Diabetes and infectious disease mortality in Mexico City
Authors: Bragg Fiona , Kuri-Morales Pablo , Berumen Jaime , Garcilazo-Ávila Adrián , Gonzáles-Carballo Carlos , Ramírez-Reyes Raúl , Santacruz-Benitez Rogelio , Aguilar-Ramirez Diego , Gnatiuc Friedrichs Louisa , Herrington William G , Hill Michael , Trichia Eirini , Wade Rachel , Collins Rory , Peto Richard , Emberson Jonathan R , Alegre-Diaz Jesus , Tapia-Conyer Roberto 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAlthough higher risks of infectious diseases among individuals with diabetes have long been recognized, the magnitude of these risks is poorly described, particularly in lower income settings. This study sought to assess the risk of death from infection associated with diabetes in Mexico.Research design and methodsBetween 1998 and 2004, a total of 159 755 adults ≥35 years were recruited from Mexico City and followed up until January 2021 for cause-specific mortality. Cox regression yielded adjusted rate ratios (RR) for death due to infection associated with previously diagnosed and undiagnosed (HbA1c ≥6.5%) diabetes and, among participants with previously diagnosed diabetes, with duration of diabetes and with HbA1c.ResultsAmong 130 997 participants aged 35–74 and without other prior chronic diseases at recruitment, 12.3% had previously diagnosed diabetes, with a mean (SD) HbA1c of 9.1% (2.5%), and 4.9% had undiagnosed diabetes. During 2.1 million person-years of follow-up, 2030 deaths due to infectious causes were recorded at ages 35–74. Previously diagnosed diabetes was associated with an RR for death from infection of 4.48 (95% CI 4.05–4.95), compared with participants without diabetes, with notably strong associations with death from urinary tract (9.68 (7.07–13.3)) and skin, bone and connective tissue (9.19 (5.92–14.3)) infections and septicemia (8.37 (5.97–11.7)). In those with previously diagnosed diabetes, longer diabetes duration (1.03 (1.02–1.05) per 1 year) and higher HbA1c (1.12 (1.08–1.15) per 1.0%) were independently associated with higher risk of death due to infection. Even among participants with undiagnosed diabetes, the risk of death due to infection was nearly treble the risk of those without diabetes (2.69 (2.31–3.13)).ConclusionsIn this study of Mexican adults, diabetes was common, frequently poorly controlled, and associated with much higher risks of death due to infection than observed previously, accounting for approximately one-third of all premature mortality due to infection.
Consequences of early thyroid ultrasound on subsequent tests, morbidity and costs: an explorative analysis of routine health data from German ambulatory care
Authors: Hueber Susann , Biermann Valeria , Tomandl Johanna , Warkentin Lisette , Schedlbauer Angela , Tauchmann Harald , Klemperer David , Lehmann Maria , Donnachie Ewan , Kühlein Thomas 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate whether the use of thyroid ultrasound (US) early in the work-up of suspected thyroid disorders triggers cascade effects of medical procedures and to analyse effects on morbidity, healthcare usage and costs.Study designRetrospective analysis of claims data from ambulatory care (2012–2017).SettingPrimary care in Bavaria, Germany, 13 million inhabitants.ParticipantsPatients having received a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) test were allocated to (1) observation group: TSH test followed by an early US within 28 days or (2) control group: TSH test, but no early US. Propensity score matching was used adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, morbidity and symptom diagnosis (N=41 065 per group after matching).Primary and secondary outcome measuresUsing cluster analysis, groups were identified regarding frequency of follow-up TSH tests and/or US and compared.ResultsFour subgroups were identified: cluster 1: 22.8% of patients,mean (M)=1.6 TSH tests; cluster 2: 16.6% of patients,M=4.7 TSH tests; cluster 3: 54.4% of patients,M=3.3 TSH tests, 1.8 US; cluster 4: 6.2% of patients,M=10.9 TSH tests, 3.9 US. Overall, reasons that explain the tests could rarely be found. An early US was mostly found in clusters 3 and 4 (83.2% and 76.1%, respectively, were part of the observation group). In cluster 4 there were more women, thyroid-specific morbidity and costs were higher and the early US was more likely to be performed by specialists in nuclear medicine or radiologists.ConclusionPresumably unnecessary tests in the field of suspected thyroid diseases seem to be frequent, contributing to cascades effects. Neither German nor international guidelines provide clear recommendations for or against US screening. Therefore, guidelines on when to apply US and when not are urgently needed.
Cross-sectional survey and Bayesian network model analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in Austria: investigating public awareness, usage determinants and perception of scientific support
Authors: Eigenschink Michael , Bellach Luise , Leonard Sebastian , Dablander Tom Eric , Maier Julian , Dablander Fabian , Sitte Harald H 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesDespite the paucity of evidence verifying its efficacy and safety, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is expanding in popularity and political support. Decisions to include TCM diagnoses in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision and campaigns to integrate TCM into national healthcare systems have occurred while public perception and usage of TCM, especially in Europe, remains undetermined. Accordingly, this study investigates TCM’s popularity, usage and perceived scientific support, as well as its relationship to homeopathy and vaccinations.Design/SettingWe performed a cross-sectional survey of the Austrian population. Participants were either recruited on the street (in-person) or online (web-link) via a popular Austrian newspaper.Participants1382 individuals completed our survey. The sample was poststratified according to data derived from Austria’s Federal Statistical Office.Outcome measuresAssociations between sociodemographic factors, opinion towards TCM and usage of complementary medicine (CAM) were investigated using a Bayesian graphical model.ResultsWithin our poststratified sample, TCM was broadly known (89.9% of women, 90.6% of men), with 58.9% of women and 39.5% of men using TCM between 2016 and 2019. Moreover, 66.4% of women and 49.7% of men agreed with TCM being supported by science. We found a positive relationship between perceived scientific support for TCM and trust in TCM-certified medical doctors (ρ=0.59, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73). Moreover, perceived scientific support for TCM was negatively correlated with proclivity to get vaccinated (ρ=−0.26, 95% CI −0.43 to –0.08). Additionally, our network model yielded associations between TCM-related, homeopathy-related and vaccination-related variables.ConclusionsTCM is widely known within the Austrian general population and used by a substantial proportion. However, a disparity exists between the commonly held public perception that TCM is scientific and findings from evidence-based studies. Emphasis should be placed on supporting the distribution of unbiased, science-driven information.