bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐onset smoking and vaping of cannabis: Prevalence, correlates and trends in New Zealand 14–15‐year‐olds
Authors: Ball Jude , Zhang Jane , Stanley James , Boden Joseph , Waa Andrew , Hammond David , Edwards Richard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionInitiating cannabis use at an early age elevates risk of harm. Cannabis vaping is an emerging issue, and it is unknown whether the patterning and correlates of early‐onset cannabis vaping differ from those of cannabis smoking.MethodsWe used repeat cross‐sectional data from a nationally representative biennial survey (2012–2018) of students aged 14–15 years in New Zealand (N = 11,405), response rate 65% (2012), 64% (2014–2016) and 59% (2018).ResultsBetween 2012 and 2018 lifetime cannabis use decreased, but regular use (past month, weekly, daily) was stable. Prevalence of past month, weekly and daily use in 2016–2018 (pooled) was 8.6%, 3.4% and 1.5%, respectively. Cannabis vaping was reported by 24% of past month cannabis users. The demographic profile of early‐onset cannabis smokers and vapers was similar, with elevated use of both modes among Māori (Indigenous), same‐ or both‐sex attracted students and those in low decile (high‐deprivation) schools. Correlates were similar for both modes. Cannabis use was strongly associated with tobacco and alcohol use. The next strongest associations (after adjustment) were exposure to second‐hand smoke at home, student income >$50/week and low parental monitoring of whereabouts. Past week social media use, psychological distress and low parental monitoring of spending were also associated with both modes.Discussion and conclusionsEarly‐onset cannabis use is much higher in structurally disadvantaged groups, and among those who use tobacco and alcohol. Comprehensive multisubstance approaches to prevention are indicated in this age group. Efforts to reduce socio‐economic inequity and exposure to other risk factors may reduce cannabis‐related harm.
The dopamine effect on sea urchin larvae depends on their age
Authors: Kalachev Alexander V. , Tankovich Alina E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractActivation of the dopamine type‐D2 receptor in late gastrula of sea urchins is known to decrease the growth rate of post‐oral arms of larvae, and, as a result, the phenotype of these larvae mimics that of larvae developing in the abundance of food. Our data indicate that the effect of dopamine on sea urchin larvae is stage‐dependent. In our experiment, the early four‐armed plutei (96 hours post fertilization, hpf) of Strongylocentrotus intermedius had substantially shorter post‐oral arms if they developed from the larvae treated with dopamine at the early pluteus stage (48 hpf), when they had already formed the first dopaminergic neurons, as compared to the plutei from the larvae treated with dopamine at the mid to late gastrula stage (24 hpf), when they did not have any neurons yet. The pre‐treatment of larvae in 6‐hydroxydopamine, a neurotoxic analog of dopamine that specifically disrupts activity of dopaminergic neurons, prevented the development of the short post‐oral arms phenotype in larvae. These results confirm the assumption that dopaminergic neurons play an important role in the development of the short post‐oral arms phenotype in sea urchin larvae. Another finding of our study is that the dopamine treatment also affects the growth of the body rods and the overall larval body growth. Based on these observations, we suggest researchers to carefully select the developmental stage, pharmacological agents, and incubation time for experimental manipulation of sea urchin larvae phenotypes through dopaminergic nervous system.
Use of a new device for inversion of the necrotic ileal stump in the caecum in four horses
Authors: Gandini Marco , Giusto Gessica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn jejunocaecal anastomosis leaving a necrotic ileal stump has been implicated in complications and poor outcomes. Elective inversion of the necrotic stump using a nasogastric tube has been previously described, although this procedure can be cumbersome and can cause caecocolic orifice occlusion.ObjectiveTo describe the use of a new device for elective inversion of necrotic ileal stumps.Study designCase report.MethodsDetails of the four horses that underwent intestinal resection and anastomosis with elective inversion of the ileal stump were retrieved from their medical records. For each case, a device was constructed by securing 0.7 m of hemp tape to a 0.5 m long electrical cable puller. The device was inserted into the ileum and passed through the caecum. The ileal lumen was closed using sutures or staples, and the tape was simultaneously secured to the intestine. The ileum was then resected. A small typhlotomy was performed at the proposed site for jejunocaecal anastomosis. The device was retrieved, the hemp tape was cut, and jejunocaecal anastomosis was completed.ResultsThe device was easily secured to the intestines. Small enterotomies were sufficient for device insertion and removal. In four clinical cases the procedure was effective in inverting the stump, and three out of the four horses recovered uneventfully and were discharged from the hospital. One horse was euthanised due to colic 27 months following discharge.Main limitationsSmall number of cases admitted to single tertiary hospital.ConclusionsThe device was effective in inverting the ileal stump in the included clinical cases. By leaving a short, inverted stump, this method may help improve the prognosis for jejunocaecal anastomosis, possibly avoiding certain undesired effects of the procedure. Further studies with large numbers of cases are required.
Brain MRI findings in patients with bullous pemphigoid: A case–control study
Authors: Ganji Raziyeh , Mahboubi‐Fooladi Zahra , Shahidi‐Dadras Mohammad , Tehranchinia Zohreh , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , Ghalamkarpour Fariba , Robati RM , Gheisari Mehdi , Mozafari Nikoo , Dadkhahfar Sahar , Nasiri Soheila 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvidence suggests that bullous pemphigoid (BP) is associated with multiple neurological disorders. We aimed to compare brain magnetic resonance (MRI) findings between BP patients and a control group. This case–control study included patients with BP referred to two dermatology clinics during a two‐year period. A group of individuals attending the same clinics for cosmetic procedures were selected as controls. First, participants' general information including age, gender, education, weight and underlying disease was recorded. For BP patients, the drugs and the BP Disease Area Index (BPDAI) were recorded as well. Then, all participants underwent brain MRI without contrast. The Fazekas scale, the general cerebral atrophy (GCA) score, and the Medial Temporal lobe Atrophy (MTA) score were used to assess MRI images. Overall, 24 BP patients and 24 controls were evaluated in this study. Both groups were comparable regarding age, gender and education. However, diabetes and hypertension were more frequent in the control group. The mean BPDAI total score was 51.39 ± 68.92 in BP patients and most of them used rituximab (41.7%). None of the participants had MS or Alzheimer MRI patterns. There was no difference between groups in terms of GCA and MTA scores. Furthermore, the frequency of partially empty sella did not differ significantly between BP patients and controls (p = 0.461); nevertheless, grade‐3 Fazekas was significantly higher in BP patients compared to controls (25% vs. 0%, p = 0.019). Of note, one BP patient had an epidermoid cyst and another had moderate enlargement of three ventricles. Also, new infarcts were observed in two and old infarcts in four BP patients. Although the majority of abnormal brain MRI findings were more frequent in BP patients compared to controls, only grade‐3 Fazekas was significantly higher and acute infarcts were exclusively observed in BP patients.
Influence of dynamic disturbed frequency on rock failure characteristics under triaxial cyclic and multistage unloading confining pressure loads
Authors: Wang Yu , Tang Pufeng , Han Jianqiang , Li Peng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work aims to reveal the influence of disturbed frequency on the failure of deeply buried granodiorite under triaxial cyclic and multistage unloading confining pressure (CMSUCP) conditions. Testing results show that volumetric deformation is obviously influenced by the disturbed frequency. The volumetric strain was characterized as an early dilatancy‐dominant behavior for a sample under low disturbed frequency. The deformation development at the unloading confining pressure stage is larger than at the cyclic loading stage. The hysteresis damping decreases with increasing disturbed frequency indicating that much energy loss occurs due to damage accumulation. A first slow followed by accelerated damage propagation is expressed using a radial irreversible strain‐based damage evolution model. Macro‐meso failure pattern analysis reveals that rock dominant failure changes from mixed tensile‐shear failure to pure shear failure and a transmission from softening to hardening characteristics. It is suggested that failure develops fully for rock subjected to low disturbed frequency.
A surplus no more? Variation in krill availability impacts reproductive rates of Antarctic baleen whales
Authors: Pallin Logan J. , Kellar Nick M. , Steel Debbie , Botero‐Acosta Natalia , Baker C. Scott , Conroy Jack A. , Costa Daniel P. , Johnson Chris M. , Johnston David W. , Nichols Ross C. , Nowacek Doug P. , Read Andrew J. , Savenko Oksana , Schofield Oscar M. , Stammerjohn Sharon E. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Friedlaender Ari S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe krill surplus hypothesis of unlimited prey resources available for Antarctic predators due to commercial whaling in the 20th century has remained largely untested since the 1970s. Rapid warming of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) over the past 50 years has resulted in decreased seasonal ice cover and a reduction of krill. The latter is being exacerbated by a commercial krill fishery in the region. Despite this, humpback whale populations have increased but may be at a threshold for growth based on these human‐induced changes. Understanding how climate‐mediated variation in prey availability influences humpback whale population dynamics is critical for focused management and conservation actions. Using an 8‐year dataset (2013–2020), we show that inter‐annual humpback whale pregnancy rates, as determined from skin‐blubber biopsy samples (n = 616), are positively correlated with krill availability and fluctuations in ice cover in the previous year. Pregnancy rates showed significant inter‐annual variability, between 29% and 86%. Our results indicate that krill availability is in fact limiting and affecting reproductive rates, in contrast to the krill surplus hypothesis. This suggests that this population of humpback whales may be at a threshold for population growth due to prey limitations. As a result, continued warming and increased fishing along the WAP, which continue to reduce krill stocks, will likely impact this humpback whale population and other krill predators in the region. Humpback whales are sentinel species of ecosystem health, and changes in pregnancy rates can provide quantifiable signals of the impact of environmental change at the population level. Our findings must be considered paramount in developing new and more restrictive conservation and management plans for the Antarctic marine ecosystem and minimizing the negative impacts of human activities in the region.
Carbon for soils, not soils for carbon
Authors: Moinet Gabriel Y. K. , Hijbeek Renske , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Giller Ken E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe role of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a ‘win‐win’ solution to both climate change and food insecurity receives an increasing promotion. The opportunity may be too good to be missed! Yet the tremendous complexity of the two issues at stake calls for a detailed and nuanced examination of any potential solution, no matter how appealing. Here, we critically re‐examine the benefits of global SOC sequestration strategies on both climate change mitigation and food production. While estimated contributions of SOC sequestration to climate change vary, almost none take SOC saturation into account. Here, we show that including saturation in estimations decreases any potential contribution of SOC sequestration to climate change mitigation by 53%–81% towards 2100. In addition, reviewing more than 21 meta‐analyses, we found that observed yield effects of increasing SOC are inconsistent, ranging from negative to neutral to positive. We find that the promise of a win‐win outcome is confirmed only when specific land management practices are applied under specific conditions. Therefore, we argue that the existing knowledge base does not justify the current trend to set global agendas focusing first and foremost on SOC sequestration. Away from climate‐smart soils, we need a shift towards soil‐smart agriculture, adaptative and adapted to each local context, and where multiple soil functions are quantified concurrently. Only such comprehensive assessments will allow synergies for land sustainability to be maximised and agronomic requirements for food security to be fulfilled. This implies moving away from global targets for SOC in agricultural soils. SOC sequestration may occur along this pathway and contribute to climate change mitigation and should be regarded as a co‐benefit.
Decolonizing inclusion in performing academia: Trans‐inclusion as phronetic border thinking/doing praxis
Authors: Jammulamadaka Nimruji , Faria Alexandre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, inspired by Gloria Anzaldúa, we draw upon our embodied experiences as non‐white scholars from different parts of the South to examine our complicity and responsibility for inclusion in performing a Western, neoliberal, diversity‐oriented, globalizing academia such as the United States' Academy of Management. We refer to the dominating practice of inclusion as universalist inclusion (uni‐inclusion), where a hegemonic includer includes diverse subaltern others while blind to colonial differences. We argue that uni‐inclusion has a dark shadow that perpetuates a “you are with us or against us” sentiment of white male superiority and violence, even as it elides the deep connectedness of epistemic, bodily, and material practices in the praxis of performing academia. Drawing upon our embodied and enacted experiences of tenures at Academy of Management as borderland scholars with relational reflexivity, we propose phronetic border thinking/doing praxis for trans‐inclusion as a non‐essentialist possibility of decolonizing inclusion. We share our understanding of how we have enacted border thinking/doing praxis so that it may provide pointers to pluriversalizing academia. Trans‐inclusion is a neologism we suggest to indicate a liberating praxis for all in an era of decolonization and empire where diverse includers beyond self/other dehumanizing binarism engage within an ethics of caring and co‐existence.
Cardia and non‐cardia gastric cancer risk associated with Helicobacter pylori in East Asia and the West: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction
Authors: Han Zhongxue , Liu Jing , Zhang Wenlin , Kong Qingzhou , Wan Meng , Lin Minjuan , Lin Boshen , Ding Yuming , Duan Miao , Li Yueyue , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the region‐specific relative risk of cardia/non‐cardia gastric cancer (CGC/NCGC) associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and quantify its contribution to gastric cancer burden using population attributable fraction (PAF).MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were searched by two reviewers until April 20, 2022. The association between H. pylori infection and NCGC/CGC was assessed using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). PAF was calculated using the formula of H. pylori prevalence and the pooled OR.ResultsOne hundred and eight studies were included. A significant association was observed between H. pylori infection and NCGC in East Asia (OR, 4.36; 95% CI: 3.54–5.37) and the West (OR, 4.03; 95% CI: 2.59–6.27). Regarding CGC, a significant association was found only in East Asia (OR, 2.86; 95% CI: 2.26–3.63), not in the West (OR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.61–1.05). For studies with a follow‐up time of ≥10 years, pooled ORs for NCGC and CGC in East Asia were 5.58 (95% CI: 4.08–7.64) and 3.86 (95% CI: 2.69–5.55), respectively. Pooled OR for NCGC was 6.80 (95% CI: 3.78–12.25) in the West. PAFs showed that H. pylori infection accounted for 71.2% of NCGC, 60.7% of CGC in East Asia, and 73.2% of NCGC in the West.ConclusionsGastric cancer burden associated with H. pylori infection exhibits important geographical differences. Prolonged follow‐up period could overcome the underestimation of the magnitude of the association between H. pylori infection and CGC/NCGC. Customized strategies for H. pylori screening and eradication should be implemented to prevent gastric cancer.
Implications of differences between point‐of‐care blood gas analyser and laboratory analyser potassium results on hyperkalaemia diagnosis & treatment
Authors: Pradhan Jasmin , Harding Andrew M. , Taylor Simone E. , Lam Que 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyperkalaemia is managed in the emergency department (ED) following measurement of potassium results by blood gas analysers (BGA) or laboratory analysers (LAB).AimsTo determine the prevalence of clinically significant differences between BGA and LAB potassium results and the impact on ED hyperkalaemia management.MethodsRetrospective analysis of time‐matched ED BGA and LAB potassium samples from 2019 to 2020 (taken within 15 min, one or both results ≥6.0 mmol/L). Mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were determined for pairs with one or both results ≥6.0 mmol/L and a separate 500 consecutive sample pairs.ResultsFour hundred eighty‐eight matched BGA and LAB samples met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 201 (41.2%) differed by ≤0.5 mmol/L, 169 (34.6%) included a haemolysed LAB sample, and 12 (2.5%) had an unreportable BGA sample. One hundred six (21.7%) pairs differed by >0.5 mmol/L, and 60/106 (57%) had normal LAB potassium results, but BGA indicated moderate/severe hyperkalaemia (two of these pairs received hyperkalaemia treatment). Of patients with a haemolysed LAB sample, or where pairs differed by >0.5 mmol, 48 were treated with insulin and five (10.4%) experienced hypoglycaemia. Mean differences and LoA for pairs with LAB results <6.0 mmol/L but BGA ≥6.0 mmol/L demonstrated unacceptable agreement, with 18 (25.7%) BGA results exceeding 8.0 mmol/L.ConclusionsPotentially significant discordance may occur between BGA and LAB potassium results. Clinicians need to be aware of factors impacting both analytical methods' accuracy (such as poor venepuncture or sample handling, (K) EDTA interference) and undetectable haemolysis with BGA measurements. We recommend BGA hyperkalaemia be confirmed with LAB results using a non‐haemolysed sample where time permits.
Tailoring solid‐state synthesis routes for high confidence production of phase pure, low impedance Al‐LLZO
Authors: Heywood Stephen , Lessmeier Matt , Driscoll David , Sofie Stephen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) garnet is a solid‐state lithium ion conducting electrolyte promising all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSB) with high charge rates and good energy density due to its chemical stability against lithium metal anodes. LLZO has a high room temperature Li ion conductivity of ∼0.1–1 mS/cm in its cubic phase, but the stability of the cubic phase and ionic conductivity are highly sensitive to lithium stoichiometry. Stabilizing agents such as aluminum oxide and excess lithium are needed to preserve the cubic phase and compensate for lithium volatility. With the range of the end LLZO products spanning powders, porous membranes to dense membranes combined with sintering/calcination that often exceeds 1000°C, it is challenging to maintain an ideal lithium content given its high volatility from a single base powder. This study was designed to elucidate the sensitivities of aluminum doped LLZO powder synthesis and processing along its path to being utilized in a ceramic‐manufacturing optimized ASSB. By utilizing thermogravimetric analysis in conjunction with in situ X‐ray diffraction analysis of solid‐state LLZO synthesis, it was discovered that the sensitivity of the LLZO cubic phase to lithium volatility can be reduced via early incorporation of excess lithium carbonate during initial phase formation in direct combination with controlled surface‐to‐volume ratios of the powders. Isostatically pressed powders of our LLZO sintered at 1100°C for 2 h showed RT ionic conductivity of 0.3–0.4 mS/cm measured via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and an improvement in microstructural uniformity with lowered porosity. The improved suppression of lithium volatilization has important implications for the scalable production of LLZO powders and assembly of ASSBs.
Changes in genomic inbreeding and diversity over half a century in Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein dairy cattle
Authors: Eriksson Susanne , Strandberg Erling , Johansson Anna M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSwedish Red (SR) and Swedish Holstein (SH) are the dominating commercial dairy cattle breeds in Sweden. Both breeds have undergone substantial changes during the last half century due to intensive selection for breeding goal traits, but also resulting from increased international exchange of breeding animals and genetic drift. The aim of this study was to learn more about changes in genomic diversity and inbreeding in these two breeds over time. Therefore, semen samples from old bulls were genotyped using the 150K Genomic Profiler SNP array and combined with 50K SNP array genotype data, obtained for more recent bulls from the Nordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation. Different measures of level of homozygosity, genomic inbreeding, relatedness and changes in allele frequency were estimated for bulls born during different time periods from the 1950s until 2020. In total, more than 33,000 SNPs for 9737 SR and 5041 SH bulls were included in the analysis using PLINK v1.9. The results showed higher average homozygosity for SR than for SH bulls up to around 2000, but the difference was very small after that. The average inbreeding coefficients based on deviation from expected homozygosity as well as on runs of homozygosity decreased until the early 1980s in both breeds, whereafter they started to increase again for SH, but stayed more stable for SR. From the 1990s onwards, SH displayed higher average inbreeding coefficients than SR. In the last studied birth year group (2015–2020), the mean inbreeding coefficient based on runs of homozygosity was 5.9% for SH and 3.7% for SR. A principal component analysis showed a pattern of genetic relationships related to the birth year period of the bulls, illustrating the gradual change of the genetic material within each breed. The change in allele frequency over time was generally larger for SH than for SR. The results show that the inbreeding level was higher half a century ago than at present, and the inbreeding levels were lower than in some other studied populations. Still, the increase seen for inbreeding coefficients and homozygosity, especially in SH during recent years, should be considered in future breeding strategies.