bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Near Full-length Genome of a Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinant with a Complex Genomic Structure Isolated in Hebei Province, China
Authors: Fan Weiguang , Jia Jianru , Shi Haoxi , Su Miaomiao , Meng Juan , An Weina 
Published: August 2023

Background:
During HIV genotypic drug resistance testing of patient samples in Baoding,
Hebei Province, China, in 2022, a recombinant fragment was detected in the pol region of an
HIV-1 strain.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to analyze the near full-length genome of a novel HIV-1
CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant with a complex genomic structure.

Methods:
Viral RNA was extracted from the blood of the infected individual and reverse transcribed
to cDNA. Two overlapping segments of the HIV-1 genome were amplified using a nearendpoint
dilution method and sequenced. Recombinant breakpoints were determined using RIP,
jpHMM, and SimPlot 3.5.1 software. MEGA 6.0 software was used to construct a neighbor-joining
phylogenetic tree.

Results:
We obtained the near full-length genome sequence (8680 bp) of a novel HIV-1
CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant. Recombination analysis showed that the genome comprised
at least 12 overlapping segments, including six CRF07_BC and six CRF01_AE segments, with
CRF07_BC as the backbone. The emergence of CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant strains indicated
that HIV-1 co-infection is common. However, the increasing genetic complexity of the HIV-1
epidemic in China warrants continued investigation.

Conclusion:
The increase in CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant viruses suggests that HIV-1 has
a high genetic mutation rate in Hebei, China. This highlights the need for close monitoring of HIV-1
molecular epidemiologic changes to provide accurate, up-to-date information for effective disease
control.
A Recent Update on the Visible Light-promoted Organic Transformations -
A Mini-review
Authors: Dinodia Monica 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Visible light-induced reactions are a rapidly developing and powerful technique to pro-mote organic transformations. They provide green and sustainable chemistry and have recently re-ceived increasing attention from chemists due to their wide application in organic synthesis. Light energy is eco-friendly, cheap, green, and inexhaustible with potential industrial and pharmaceutical applications. In this review, the most recent advances in visible light-induced reactions (2021-till date) have been highlighted.
Design, Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory Evaluation and In silico Molecular Docking of Novel Furan-based Derivatives as Potential TNF-α Production Inhibitors
Authors: Bhoge Satish , Singh Prabal Pratap , Das Deepak , Ali Yakub , Dhulap Abhijeet 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Inflammation is the first response and an alarming signal for the onset of chronic
disease. Most of the anti-inflammatory drugs available in the market are reported to have undesirable
gastrointestinal toxicities. Therefore, it is of urgent significance to develop anti-inflammatory drugs with
low toxicity and good efficacy.

Methods:
We created a targeted scaffold based on a literature review by combining the different structural
characteristics of furan and benzyl amides into a single pharmacophore. A series of eighteen furanbased
derivatives (1-18) were designed, synthesized for in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
The characterization of synthesized compounds was elucidated by techniques like 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR,
FT-IR and MS.

Results:
The synthetic compounds were examined through molecular docking studies on TNF-α for probable
binding mode and interactions with hydrophilic and hydrophobic pocket of TNF-α in comparison to
standard drug (Indomethacin).

Conclusion:
When compared to the standard treatment, compounds 18, 15 and 9 displayed a remarkable
inhibitory effect on the production of TNF-α and in vivo inflammatory activity with no damage to stomach
and reduction of LPO. The compounds 18, 15 and 9 might be a good consideration for potential antiinflammatory
agents.
Investigating the Synthesis Methods of 3,5-dione Pyrazolidine and 3,5-dione
1-phenylpyrazolidine in the Presence and Absence of Ultrasound Bath and
their Anticancer Effects on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Nadipour Fatemeh , Salahvarzi Sabah , Dadgar Zeynab 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Pyrazolidine 5,3-dione derivatives have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities and play an important role in the sub-structures of various drugs. They also have inhibitory and antimicrobial properties, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tuberculosis, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, and anti-Alzheimer. The purpose of the current study was to investigate a number of synthesis methods of pyrazolidine-3,5-dione and 1 phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione in the presence and absence of ultrasound bath and their anti-cancer effects on mcf-7 breast cancer cells.

Methods:
In this study, pyrazolidine-3,5-dione and 1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione were synthesized using hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, and diethyl malonate by different methods. The advantage of this research compared to other studies is the use of different methods (3 methods and each method were performed in two different conditions, toalling 6 methods) for the synthesis of these two derivatives. The effect of two synthesized derivatives on MCF-7 cell line breast cancer cells was also investigated using MTT (methylthiazole tetrazolium) test. IR, 13CNMR, and HNMR spectroscopy methods have also been used to determine the structure of products.

Results:
The results of FT-IR and NMR spectrum analysis confirm the synthesized pyrazolidine-3,5-dione and 1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione. Based on the results in zero doses (control group) and 10 μM of all Samples after 24 hours, no significant difference in the number of cells was observed. However, the number of cells significantly decreased after treatment with 20 μM dose of both pyrazolidine-3,5-dione and 1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione. Also, there was no significant difference in reducing cancer cell proliferation between pyrazolidine-3,5-dione and 1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione samples. In addition, treatment of cancer cells with 40 μM of both hydrazine and phenylhydrazine samples after 24 hours caused approximately 50% cell death and reduced the number of cancer cells by approximately half compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, treatment of cancer cells with a dose of 40 μM in both samples of pyrazolidine-3,5-dione and 1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione after 24 hours caused cell death in approximately 50% of cells and the number of cancer cells is almost half that of the control group.
Hypothyroidism in Older Adults: A Narrative Review
Authors: Fiore Vincenzo , Barucca Alessandra , Barraco S. , Triggiani Domenico , Carbotta Giovanni , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Piazzolla Giuseppina , Lisco Giuseppe , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
The prevalence of hypothyroidism increases along with aging, resulting in
one of the most common comorbidities among patients over 75 years. The leading causes of hypothyroidism
in older adults are iatrogenic, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and medications. The narrative review
aimed to discuss the clinical characteristics of hypothyroidism in older adults and the impact of hormonal
replacement therapy on survival rates. Thyroid function declines over time due to physiological
changes in the thyroid stimulating hormone signaling, iodine absorption and metabolism, thyroid hormone
metabolism, and activity at peripheral sites. A serum TSH value over the upper limit of the normal
reference range is not necessarily attributable to hypothyroidism. However, an appropriate diagnostic
work-up is required to rule out true hypothyroidism and discriminate the etiology (i.e., thyroid
autoimmune diseases, iodine deficiency, drug-induced hypothyroidism). Levothyroxine treatment
should be considered in cases of overt hypothyroidism. A complete risk-to-benefit assessment, particularly
considering the overall health status, life expectancy, cognitive function, mood, and cardiovascular
and neurological background, should be considered before treating subclinical hypothyroidism
with more potential benefits in patients under 75 years old. Levothyroxine formulations facilitating
hormone absorption and increasing compliance to long-term treatment should be preferred. TSH
target should usually be set over 3 mIU/ml. Defining optimal diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic
strategies should be considered in the personalized management of aged patients with hypothyroidism.

Results:
Thyroid function declines over time due to physiological changes in the thyroid stimulating hormone signaling, iodine absorption and metabolism, thyroid hormone metabolism, and activity at peripheral sites. A serum TSH value over the upper limit of the normal reference range is not necessarily attributable to hypothyroidism. However, an appropriate diagnostic work-up is required to rule out true hypothyroidism and discriminate the etiology (i.e., thyroid autoimmune diseases, iodine deficiency, drug-induced hypothyroidism). Levothyroxine treatment should be considered in cases of overt hypothyroidism. A complete risk-to-benefit assessment, particularly considering the overall health status, life expectancy, cognitive function, mood, and cardiovascular and neurological background, should be considered before treating subclinical hypothyroidism with more potential benefits in patients under 75 years old. Levothyroxine formulations facilitating hormone absorption and increasing compliance to long-term treatment should be preferred. TSH target should usually be set over 3 mIU/ml.
Does Vitamin E Supplementation Alter Hormonal Levels in Polycystic
Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Begum Rukaiah Fatma , Suresh Swathi , Devi V Sharmila , Moka Murali Krishna , Mohan Sumithra 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Vitamin E influences hormonal parameters in women, but the evidence concerning its effectiveness in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are constrained.

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to perceive the mechanism behind the hormonal effects of vitamin E in PCOS and explore the effectiveness of vitamin E by analyzing the clinical studies.

Methods:
Electronic bibliographic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library, were searched for clinical studies scrutinizing the effect of vitamin E supplementation on PCOS. The systematic review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021272963) and was performed as per the PRISMA guidelines. Records analyzing the hormonal parameters were included. For individual study, the risk of bias was ascertained with NHLBI protocol for controlled randomized studies.

Results:
There were 1438 records identified, of which seven records were retrieved which met the inclusion criteria. Bibliographic details, number of participants, the dose of vitamin E, duration of the treatment and trial, parameters analyzed, and outcome of each study were extracted comprehensively. In the review, the majority of the studies embraced high-quality studies, which included double-blinded controlled trials, open-label controlled studies, and cohort studies.

Conclusion:
Vitamin E implies having a progesterone-like impression with estrogenic and androgenic properties. Furthermore, the ability of vitamin E as an antioxidant is also advantageous in PCOS women. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on its mechanism, and the inadequacy of large-scale concerns about different age groups against PCOS is requisite.
Mobile Phone Text Messages to Support People to Stop Smoking by Switching to Vaping: Codevelopment, Coproduction, and Initial Testing Study
Authors: Sideropoulos Vassilis , Vangeli Eleni , Naughton Felix , Cox Sharon , Frings Daniel , Notley Caitlin , Brown Jamie , Kimber Catherine , Dawkins Lynne 
Published: August 2023

Background
SMS text messages are affordable, scalable, and effective smoking cessation interventions. However, there is little research on SMS text message interventions specifically designed to support people who smoke to quit by switching to vaping.

Objective
Over 3 phases, with vapers and smokers, we codeveloped and coproduced a mobile phone SMS text message program. The coproduction paradigm allowed us to collaborate with researchers and the community to develop a more relevant, acceptable, and equitable SMS text message program.

Methods
In phase 1, we engaged people who vape via Twitter and received 167 responses to our request to write SMS text messages for people who wish to quit smoking by switching to vaping. We screened, adjusted, refined, and themed the messages, resulting in a set of 95 that were mapped against the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation–Behavior constructs. In phase 2, we evaluated the 95 messages from phase 1 via a web survey where participants (66/202, 32.7% woman) rated up to 20 messages on 7-point Likert scales on 9 constructs: being understandable, clear, believable, helpful, interesting, inoffensive, positive, and enthusiastic and how happy they would be to receive the messages. In phase 3, we implemented the final set of SMS text messages as part of a larger randomized optimization trial, in which 603 participants (mean age 38.33, SD 12.88 years; n=369, 61.2% woman) received SMS text message support and then rated their usefulness and frequency and provided free-text comments at the 12-week follow-up.

Results
For phase 2, means and SDs were calculated for each message across the 9 constructs. Those with means below the neutral anchor of 4 or with unfavorable comments were discussed with vapers and further refined or removed. This resulted in a final set of 78 that were mapped against early, mid-, or late stages of quitting to create an order for the messages. For phase 3, a total of 38.5% (232/603) of the participants provided ratings at the 12-week follow-up. In total, 69.8% (162/232) reported that the SMS text messages had been useful, and a significant association between quit rates and usefulness ratings was found (χ21=9.6; P=.002). A content analysis of free-text comments revealed that the 2 most common positive themes were helpful (13/47, 28%) and encouraging (6/47, 13%) and the 2 most common negative themes were too frequent (9/47, 19%) and annoying (4/47, 9%).

Conclusions
In this paper, we describe the initial coproduction and codevelopment of a set of SMS text messages to help smokers stop smoking by transitioning to vaping. We encourage researchers to use, further develop, and evaluate the set of SMS text messages and adapt it to target populations and relevant contexts.
PERANCANGAN BUKU ILUSTRASI INTERAKTIF "BELAJAR KOSAKATA ARAB" UNTUK ANAK USIA 6-8 TAHUN
Authors: Sumantri Eline Kusuma , Rahayu Hesti , Rochman M. Faizal 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRAKSebagai negara yang mempunyai mayoritas penduduk beragama Islam, penguasaan bahasa Arab penduduk Indonesia masih rendah. Pendidikan bahasa Arab ini sangat penting dimulai sejak anak-anak karena erat hubungannya dengan menjalankan syariat agama sejak dini. Anggapan bahwa bahasa Arab susah karena orang tua juga tidak menguasainya. Karena itu perlu dibuat strategi pembelajaran melalui perancangan buku ilustrasi interaktif yang tepat untuk membantu orang tua dalam mengenalkan kosakata bahasa Arab kepada anak usia 6-8 tahun. Tujuan kreatif perancangan adalah mengenalkan kosakata Arab dengan membuat buku ilustrasi interaktif sehingga mempermudah orang tua mengajarkannya dan menarik minat anak untuk mempelajarinya. Interaktifitas dalam buku berupa pop up, lift a flap, dan participation. Buku ilustrasi interaktif dibuat berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan metode 5W+1H yang didapat melalui kuisioner, studi pustaka, dan wawancara untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Hasil perancangan berupa dua buku berisi empat cerita dengan 44 kata benda dalam bahasa Arab. Warna pastel dan gaya ilustrasi kartun digunakan dalam perancangan. Gaya penulisan naskah menggunakan gaya naratif dan deskriptif. Sedangkan, jenis huruf sans serif diaplikasikan pada naskah berdasarkan penilaian anak bahwa jenis huruf tersebut mudah dibaca.Kata kunci : Ilustrasi, Buku Ilustrasi, Interaktif, Kosakata Bahasa Arab, Anak ABSTRACTAs a country with a majority Muslim population, the Indonesian population's mastery of Arabic is still low. Arabic language education is very important starting from childhood because it is closely related to practicing religious law from an early age. The assumption is that Arabic is difficult because parents also do not master it. Because of this, it is necessary to develop a learning strategy by designing appropriate interactive illustrated books to help parents introduce Arabic vocabulary to children aged 6-8 years. The creative design objective is to introduce Arabic vocabulary by creating interactive illustrated books so that it is easier for parents to teach and attract children's interest in learning it. Interactivity in the book is in the form of pop-ups, lift a flap, and participation. The interactive illustration book was created based on the results of data analysis using the 5W+1H method obtained through questionnaires, literature studies, and interviews to answer the problem formulation. The results of the design are two books containing four stories with 44 nouns in Arabic. Pastel colors and cartoon illustration style are used in the design. The scriptwriting style uses narrative and descriptive styles. Meanwhile, the sans serif typeface is applied to the script based on the child's assessment that the typeface is easy to read.Keywords : Illustration, Illustrattion Book, Interactive, Vocabulary Arabic, Children
Audible Obstacle Warning System for Visually Impaired Person Based on Image Processing
Authors: Yulianto Andik , Ma'muriyah Ni'matul , Lina Lina 
Published: August 2023

To be able to do their daily activities, a visually impaired person needs a guidance device to help him/her walk including to avoid obstacles on their way to the destination. The quick and clear instruction is given to the user is the most challenging problem to be solved. The visually impaired person should have simple guidance about the obstruction in front of him/her. Most guidance devices use simple sounds to give the warning without information about which direction the user should go. In this paper, an obstacle warning system based on image processing methods was developed. A guidance device for visually impaired persons using a single-board computer based on an image-processing algorithm has been designed. The main sensor of the guidance device is a NoIR camera. The distance measurement approximation model was developed with errors up to 4.3%. The test found that the proposed system can detect obstruction in the form of a person, the device also detects the stairs. The best detection obtains when the object position is less than 300 cm in front of the user. The stair detection was carried out by using the Hough line transform method. The output of the system is the sound of direction that can be heard through the headset.
Optical microscopy and cross anatomy for the intestinal wall of sheep infected with Tap worm
Authors: Hameed Badar Khatlan 
Published: August 2023

Ten intestinal mucosa of sheep intestine were obtained for cross and microscopy examination, the specimens from those intestinal wall were taken at pieces half cm and washed well by running water, then processed by histological technique according to Bancoft & Steven 1987 including fixation, dehydration, clearing and embedding with paraffin wax also sectioning at six micrometer by microtome, finally stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin after that mounted with D. P. X and after drying in dry cabinet for 24 hour examined by light microscope , The intestinal wall was congested and patches of blood hemorrhage were seen. The histological examination revealed to sloughing of the intestinal villi from the luminal surface with presence of hyper secretion of mucus from the goblet cells and intestinal glands in the lamina properia also infiltration of white blood cells in the lamina properia in between the intestinal glands. In conclusion; the intestinal wall was damages after infection with Tape worm due to its effect on the villi of mucosa which are vital structures for absorption of nutritional elements in a animals.
“Amedrontado, acordei do sono”: o medo trágico na Exagoge de Ezequiel
Authors: Torres Milton 
Published: August 2023

O medo é uma emoção universal que funciona como síntese das atividades mentais que levam a reações de terror, pânico e angústia. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma leitura dos fragmentos da Exagoge, de Ezequiel Trágico, dramaturgo judaico que escrevia em grego, a fim de identificar como o drama helenístico trata a experiência estética do medo. Em cada um dos conjecturados cinco atos da Exagoge, o medo se faz presente com uma mesma marca de imponderabilidade. A tese do artigo é a de que a Exagoge demonstra que o medo é também uma reação a um perigo “imponderável” ou ponderável a partir não de experiências pessoais anteriores, mas de elementos externos que interagem com o estado emocional interior. Assim, o artigo pretende caracterizar a emoção do medo, em suas manifestações de caráter negativo e dissociadas do elemento estereotípico e cognitivo de experiências anteriores, a partir do exame da Exagoge, com base em cinco efeitos de amedrontamento: diante do desconhecido, o medo do imponderável; diante das divindades, o medo do sobrenatural; diante da exibição de força bruta, o medo do poderoso; diante da exibição de superioridade numérica, o medo do numeroso; e, diante do desproporcional, o medo do monstruoso.
Spectrum of cervicovaginal Pap smears in newly established tertiary care medical institute
Authors: Sethy Manas Ranjan , Nigam Jitendra Singh , Rath Ashutosh , Sharma Abhimanyu , Prabhala Shailaja , Pradeep Immanuel 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
We undertook this study to find out the spectrum of the cervical smear pattern along with the clinical profiles of patients who underwent cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear evaluation in our newly started tertiary care center. We also tried to find the possible clinical cause for unsatisfactory smears and factors for epithelial cell abnormality.

Material and Methods:
The present study was a retrospective observational study. Pap smears cases with their clinical findings mentioned on the requisition form and cytopathology observations were retrieved from the archives of the department of pathology. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Five hundred and ninety-four cases were included in the study. The most common age group was 36– 40 years. White discharge per vaginum was the most common clinical presentation. The negative for squamous intraepithelial lesions or malignancy was the most common interpretation (86.87%). Cervical erosion had statistically significant associations with unsatisfactory smears, while bacterial vaginosis had with satisfactory smears. Epithelial cell abnormality was seen in 4.62% patients. We observed a statistically significant association of cervical mucoid discharge, and inflammation with “no epithelial cell abnormality” cases, while postmenopausal bleeding was associated with “epithelial cell abnormality” cases.

Conclusion:
In the presence of clinical factors like cervical erosion, which may affect the quality of Pap smear, proper sampling techniques are to be used by health-care providers. The careful evaluation of Pap smears, especially in cases of cervical mucoid discharge, postmenopausal bleeding, and inflammatory smears is required to ensure that epithelial cell abnormalities are not overlooked.