bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of physical activity level on orthodontic pain perception after separator placement in adult patients managed at a tertiary care teaching public sector hospital in Lahore
Authors: Fatima Zainab , Shaheen Asmi , Ahsan Waqar , Illyas Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

Background: Different behavioral therapies are used to reduce pain severity in patients undergoing separator placement apart from pharmacological treatments. However, there is limited local data.This study aimed to determine the frequency of high and low levels of activity in adult patients who needed separator placement and compared the mean pain scores with respect to baseline physical activity level following the intervention.
Subjects and methods: It was a descriptive case series carried out at the Orthodontics Department, De’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, for a period of 3 months from 15.7. 2022 to 15.9.2022. Total 120 patients aged 18 to 40 years of both genders, who needed separator placement were included in the study. Patients were excluded if they had medical conditions or systemic diseases that was a contraindication for usage of fixed orthodontic appliances, had chronic pain or pain in the orofacial or dental region, had maxillary or mandibular fracture and who had previous history of mandibular or maxillary surgery. Baseline physical activity level was noted down as per clinical history. Patients then underwent separator placement.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 28.67±6.312 years. There were 62 (51.7%) males and 58 (48.3%) females. Baseline low physical activity was found in 77 (64.2%) patients while high activity was found in 43 (35.8%) patients. Mean pain scores in the low physical activity group were 3.9±2.056 and in the high physical activity group were 2.26±2.094 and the difference was statistically significant i.e. p=0.001 as assessed by independent t-test.
Conclusion: Frequency of low physical activity level was higher in patients and it was found to be associated with higher mean pain scores compared to patients who had high baseline level of physical activity.
Knowledge, attitude and issues in practicing kangaroo mother care at home after discharge from a kangaroo mother care ward of a tertiary care hospital in central Lahore
Authors: Khan Humayun Iqbal , Masood Najaf , Hanif Ayesha , Masood Muhammad Khalid , Omer Riffat , Tahira Fatima 
Published: March 2023

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is well known intervention in preterm care. Mothers gets training from health professionals to provide skin to skin care, breast feeding which helps in infections prevention and early discharge. It is required to inquire the mothers experience during home environment to promote this technique after discharge from hospital. This study focused on gaining the knowledge, attitude of unsupervised mothers practicing KMC at home and determine the most common issues faced by them.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted at KMC ward of the Department of Pediatrics, Unit-1, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Lahore from March 2020 to April 2021 after ethical approval. Hospitalized mothers of stable pre-term infants were taught KMC techniques by trained health care provider. After two weeks of discharge from hospital mothers were interviewed according to structured questionnaire by the trained doctor about their KMC knowledge, experience and issues faced at home.
Results: Out of 156 mothers 145 (92.9%) conducted KMC at home and 93 (59.6%) performed intermittent KMC during nighttime (p=0.001). 152 (97.4%) mothers felt good, 133 ( 85.3%) were comfortable and 122 (78.2% ) deemed the process safe for their babies. 82 (52.6%) felt ease with provided kits (p=0.032).120 (76,9%) husbands felt KMC was essential for their babies. 102 (65.4%) mothers were allowed by their husbands to do KMC at home (p=0.000) and 68 (43.6%) fathers sometimes performed KMC themselves (p=0.001). Family and friends were also supportive in 104 (66.7%) cases while 112 (71.8%) mothers felt the positive attitude of the community (p=0.000). 127 (81.4%) mothers were willing to recommend KMC to new mothers (p=0.019).
Conclusion: Most of the mothers performed intermittent KMC at home. They were assisted by husband and family members to carryout KMC at home. They are willing to recommend it to new mothers.
Comparison of dermatosis acne vulgaris in obese and non-obese patients
Authors: Qasim Malik Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Sikander Ghsyas , Agha Qasima , Sikander Madiha , Agha Farida , Sultana Azima 
Published: March 2023

Background: Obesity is a disorder characterized by increase fat deposition in human body. Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease, affecting approximately 9.4% of the world’s population, with considerable effect on the quality of life. According to a previously conducted study, the prevalence rate of acne in Pakistan was found to be 5%. Obesity is increasing rapidly in developed and developing world. Acne vulgaris is commonly associated with obesity. The objective of this study is to compare the acne vulgaris in obese and non-obese patients.
Patients and methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive survey in which 300 obese and 300 non-obese patients were included respectively. Dermatosis, acne vulgaris was observed in the patients selected through inclusion criteria. This study was conducted in The University of Lahore Pakistan. Data was collected from outdoor Patients of skin Department of The University of Lahore Hospital during April 2020 to October 2020, by using questionnaire. Consent was taken before data collection. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 20.
Results: Mean age of obese group was 37.4±13.0 years and non obese group was 30.9±15.6 years. In obese group 161(53.7%) were females, while 139(46.3%) were males respectively. In non-obese patients 193(64.3%) were males and 107(35.7%) were females respectively. In obese group, 115 (38.3%) had acne vulgaris, while in non-obese group 41 (13.7%) were affected with acne (P value ˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: It is concluded that dermatosis acne vulgaris is significantly greater in obese patients as compared to non-obese patients. Obese persons should be given special consideration in terms of proper referral and management.
Effect of caffeine consumption on sleep quality of undergraduate medical students of Multan
Authors: Nasir Ghulam Mujtaba , Ahmad Jawad , Aziz Arooma , Hussain Hamza , Zafar Rehab , Iqbal Arfa 
Published: March 2023

Background: Caffeine is extensively utilized as a stimulant of the central nervous system by more than 80% of the world’s population. About 94% of medical students are reported using caffeine which is likely to have a detrimental impact on sleep quality. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep quality among non-obese. undergraduate medical students
Subjects and methods: An Observational cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at Nishtar Medical University, Multan during the months of November and December 2022.Total 83, both male and female, non-obese undergraduate medical students (18-23 years old, BMI=18.5-24.9) selected by simple random sampling were included in this study, and they were divided into 3 groups on the basis of low (58 ± 29 mg/day), moderate (143±25 mg/day) or high (351±139 mg/day) caffeine consumption daily. Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (CCQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) were used to assess the daily caffeine consumption (mg/day) and sleep quality, respectively. IBM SPSS-26 was used for data analysis. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearsman’s rho correlation were applied.
Results: PSQI scores were high [11(8─16)] in highly caffeinated participants, moderate [7(5─9)] in moderately caffeinated participants, and low [3(1─6)] in low caffeinated [3(1─6)] participants (p=0.000). Low-caffeinated subjects had lower PSQI scores compared to moderately and highly caffeinated subjects (p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively). PSQI scores in moderately caffeinated were also less as compared to highly caffeinated (p=0.000). Within the low caffeinated, moderately caffeinated, and highly caffeinated subjects caffeine consumption was positively correlated to PSQI scores (r=0.529, p=0.004), (r=0.579, p=0.002), (r=0.592, p=0.001) respectively.
Conclusion: Increase in Caffeine consumption reduces sleep quality, implying that caffeine consumption and sleep quality are inversely related to each other.
Perception of undergraduate medical students regarding civic responsibility through service learning by visiting persons with different abilities
Authors: Sajida Naseem, Syeda Hanaa Fatima, Saima Rafi, Lubna Meraj  
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Addressing various attitudes of students, can be a challenging task for educationists, so it is generally
embedded in the hidden curriculum in most Medical Institutes. The purpose of this study was to build up civic
duty among undergraduates, rooted in their learning objectives of the curriculum through a visit to the school of
children with different abilities (CFSPF).
Materials and Methods: In year 4, students of Shifa College of Medicine during the clerkship of Community
Medicine, were taken on a field visit which is part of the curriculum. CFSP is privately run by an NGO, it has 45
enrolled individuals with different mental and physical abilities. The medical students visited CFSPF in small
groups for 8 months (Sep 2019 to April 2020) where they interacted with the individuals with special needs in
their environment. Students were able to practice empathy through the general physical examination and other
entertaining activities. In this qualitative study, this strategy was assessed by exploring the medical student’s
perceptions.
Results: Focus Group discussions were conducted with the medical students and themes identified were:
interaction with children having different abilities, being thankful to the Almighty, philanthropy, learning to
empathize, the feeling of including them in our society, selfless smile, the contribution of services, and developing
various attributes.
Conclusion: Students found the visit to a school for children with different abilities useful. The interaction in a
different environment has revealed opportunities for a wider scope of learning.
Keywords: Civic responsibility, Empathy, Persons with different abilities, Service learning.
Unusual Hard X-Ray Flares Caught in NICER Monitoring of the Binary Supermassive Black Hole Candidate AT2019cuk/Tick Tock/SDSS J1430+2303
Authors: Masterson Megan , Kara Erin , Pasham Dheeraj R. , D’Orazio Daniel J. , Walton Dominic J. , Fabian Andrew C. , Lucchini Matteo , Remillard Ronald A. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Burkhonov Otabek , Choi Hyeonho , Ehgamberdiev Shuhrat A. , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Guolo Muryel , Im Myungshin , Kim Yonggi , Mirzaqulov Davron O. , Paek Gregory S. H. , Sung Hyun-Il , Yoon Joh-Na 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The nuclear transient AT2019cuk/Tick Tock/SDSS J1430+2303 has been suggested to harbor a supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary near coalescence. We report results from high-cadence NICER X-ray monitoring with multiple visits per day from 2022 January to August, as well as continued optical monitoring during the same time period. We find no evidence of periodic/quasiperiodic modulation in the X-ray, UV, or optical bands; however, we do observe exotic hard X-ray variability that is unusual for typical active galactic nuclei (AGN). The most striking feature of the NICER light curve is repetitive hard (2–4 keV) X-ray flares that result in distinctly harder X-ray spectra compared to the nonflaring data. In its nonflaring state, AT2019cuk looks like a relatively standard AGN, but it presents the first case of day-long, hard X-ray flares in a changing-look AGN. We consider a few different models for the driving mechanism of these hard X-ray flares, including (1) corona/jet variability driven by increased magnetic activity, (2) variable obscuration, and (3) self-lensing from the potential secondary SMBH. We prefer the variable corona model, as the obscuration model requires rather contrived timescales and the self-lensing model is difficult to reconcile with a lack of clear periodicity in the flares. These findings illustrate how important high-cadence X-ray monitoring is to our understanding of the rapid variability of the X-ray corona and necessitate further high-cadence, multiwavelength monitoring of changing-look AGN like AT2019cuk to probe the corona-jet connection.
First Constraints on Growth Rate from Redshift-space Ellipticity Correlations of SDSS Galaxies at 0.16 < z < 0.70
Authors: Okumura Teppei , Taruya Atsushi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We report the first constraints on the growth rate of the universe, f(z)σ
8(z), with intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxies. We measure the galaxy density-intrinsic ellipticity cross-correlation and intrinsic ellipticity autocorrelation functions over 0.16 < z < 0.7 from luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and LOWZ and CMASS galaxy samples in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and SDSS-III BOSS survey. We detect clear anisotropic signals of IA due to redshift-space distortions. By combining measured IA statistics with the conventional galaxy clustering statistics, we obtain tighter constraints on the growth rate. The improvement is particularly prominent for the LRG, which is the brightest galaxy sample and known to be strongly aligned with underlying dark matter distribution; using the measurements on scales above 10 h
−1 Mpc, we obtain

f

σ

8

=

0.5196

−
0.0354

+
0.0352

(68% confidence level) from the clustering-only analysis and

f

σ

8

=

0.5322

−
0.0291

+
0.0293

with clustering and IA, meaning 19% improvement. The constraint is in good agreement with the prediction of general relativity, f
σ
8 = 0.4937 at z = 0.34. For LOWZ and CMASS samples, the improvement of constraints on f
σ
8 is found to be 10% and 3.5%, respectively. Our results indicate that the contribution from IA statistics for cosmological constraints can be further enhanced by carefully selecting galaxies for a shape sample.
What Do Bachelor of Indigenous Knowledge Systems Graduates Say About Their Curriculum? A Qualitative Tracer Study at the University of Venda
Authors: Nevhudoli Nyadzani Dolphus , Olive Netshandama Vhonani 
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of any degree, in any institution of higher learning is to create graduates with competent knowledge and abilities to deal with vital challenges that affect the country; any deviations to this purpose requires a review and rethinking of the whole system, such as a curriculum transformation. Grounded in a critical post humanist paradigm, qualitative reflective semi-structured interviews were held with 12 graduates to ascertain their experiences with the Bachelor of Indigenous Knowledge System (BIKS) programme delivery and content during their 4 years stay at the University of Venda. Responses from graduates indicated that BIKS’s strength depend within its multidisciplinary method. It also exposed the graduates to the work environment through integrated learning program, although, there were also sentiments that such exposure was insufficient and at times irrelevant. The experience of the students provided insights into what could be the focus of the revision of the curriculum to ensure global citizenship competencies, employability and or entrepreneurial acumen amongst graduates. One of the challenges of IKS, that the students drew attention to, was a lack of the curriculum’s capacity to beneficiate, as its focus was not sufficiently business oriented. Work-based learning and other forms of exposure might have to be revamped to enhance entrepreneurial skills and to ensure that students learn how to create thriving IKS inspired businesses to create employment opportunities amongst others.
Von Aromaten und Heterocyclen zur Bio- und Nanotechnologie
Authors: Effenberger Franz 
Published: March 2023

From Arenes and Heterocycles to Bio- and Nanotechnology A University Rector without high school diploma, an accomplished professor without postdoc experience, a ski instructor and top advisor of the Prime Minister – that is Franz Effenberger! At age 16 in 1946 he arrived as a refugee in Swabia, Germany, by the most fantastic coincidence. The region suited his nature and from there he made the most out of his talents. His career at the University of Stuttgart started with inventing new synthetic methods and applying them to produce important arenes and heterocycles. Based on his deep understanding of reaction mechanisms he made pioneering contributions to bio- and nanotechnology. Application of his chemistry was dear to him. Out of the Effenberger lab came many leaders in industry and academia. A secret of his success is the cultivation of a team spirit and an encouragement of individual’s creativity. This was also key to his manyfold contributuions to the modernization and reorganization of chemical education worldwide.
Penerapan ILO Convention Nomor 111 Ke dalam Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan Di Indonesia
Authors: Murni Layla , HZ Evi Deliana , Diana Ledy 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Discrimination in employment and occupation through the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 1999 concerning Ratification of the ILO Convention No. 111 Concerning Discrimination In Respect Of Employment And Occupation by implementing it in Article 5 of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment. However, Article 5 Law 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower have not specifically defined discrimination so that there is still discrimination against job seekers in company job vacancies.
Purposes of the Research: To find out how the implementation of ILO Convention No. 111 into the Indonesian Manpower Act regarding legal protection for job seekers from discriminatory work requirements and find out what Indonesia's policies are after ratifying ILO Convention No. 111.
Methods of the Research: The type of research used is normative legal research, namely using literature studies in searching the data.
Results Originality of the Research: The results showed the application of the ILO Convention No. into the Indonesian Manpower Law regarding Legal Protection for Job Seekers. Indonesia's labor regulations are still not specific in terms of discrimination in the field of employment, so it is necessary to make more detailed and specific rules regarding this matter which can later become a clear legal basis in terms of discrimination in the field of employment and protect the rights of Indonesian job seekers.
Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Pengelolaan Pertambangan Mineral Batubara
Authors: Baura Lineke , Saptenno Marthinus Johanes , Pietersz Jemmy Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Based on Act Number 4 of 2009 and Act Number 23 of 2014, Local Governments have authority in the management of minerals and coal mining. But with the determined by Act Number 3 of 2020, domination of minerals dan coals mining is held by Central Government.
Purposes of the Research: For this reason, it is necessary to review the constitutional right and authority of Local Goverment to held minerals and coals mining.
Methods of the Research: The type of research used in this study is a normative juridical research that is descriptive analytical by using statute approach and conceptual approach. Sources of legal materials are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials through literature studies.
Results of the Research: Based on the results of the study, minerals and coals mining is one of government affairs that is distributed to Local Government in accordance with Act Number 3 of 2020. The authority cannot be removed by the regulations contained of Act No. 3 of 2020. This is contrary to Local Government’s constitutional rights and The 1945 Constitution of State of Republic of Indonesia.
Levels of Participation of Men, Women and Youth in Alternative Livelihoods in Turkana County, Kenya
Authors: Lydiah Miriti , Juster Gitonga , Margaret Karienyeh , Kamau Marian 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: In many ASALS areas in Kenya, the frequency and magnitude of droughts, floods and famine have increased significantly in the recent past. This has impacted negatively on communities especially women whose vulnerability is increased further by cattle raids that are prevalent in these areas. In Turkana County, women lack the capacity to participate in resource management due to lack of access to information and skills. The County government through gender department has a good will to minimize challenges women and youth are facing. However, political will should be enhanced for women and youth to participate in raising the community’s living standards. This study therefore sought to explore the levels of participation of men, women and youth in alternative livelihoods in Turkana County.
Methodology: The study used cross sectional data gathered through questionnaires and administered on the men, women and youth including selected key informants. The study was conducted in Turkana west, Turkana East, Turkana North, and Turkana South of Turkana County, Kenya.
Findings: Men, women and youth, are embracing alternative livelihoods to earn extra income. However, men exclusively control land and also makes most decisions concerning sale and purchase of livestock and their products. Access to information on livestock production is limited for both genders. The main challenges in transportation of livestock and their products, including farm produce are; long distance, bad roads, lack of security, high transportation cost and spoilage of products.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study presumed that in order for women and youth to participate in alternative livelihoods, for instance, agribusiness, small businesses and crop farming, there is need for enhanced access to information, skills, and household empowerment, including good political will. The assumption was validated and ratified during visits to key political leaders, gender office and key community leaders. The county government and other development partners should support the community’s alternative livelihood by encouraging formation of groups in order to be assisted through capacity building to improve their business skills, value addition and marketing of their products. Capacity building should be conducted in their localities to enhance attendance hence, increase the living standard of the community.
TRANSFORMATION OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS OF SLOPE AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF THE MINSK HILLS
Authors: Tsyrybka V. B. , Lаhachou I. A. , Tsybulka M. M. , Ustsinava H. M. , Yarotau A. Ya. 
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the change in soils of sloping lands. Under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, the soil profile is simplified: the eluvial horizon on non-eroded soil and the illuvial-humus horizon on strongly eroded soil disappear, and
washed-out horizons form at the foot of the slope. The structural condition and erosion resistance deteriorate, especially on soils subject to intensive agricultural use.
RAPESEED – THE MAIN OILSEED CROP IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Mezentseva E. G. 
Published: March 2023

The analytical overview information on rapeseed as one of the most promising multifunctional agricultural crops in the article is presents. The ways of using rapeseed are shown. The current state and promising ways to increase its productivity of the main
oilseed crop in the Republic of Belarus are shown to.