bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut mycobiota changes in liver diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Perlin Cássio Marques , Longo Larisse , Keingeski Melina Belén , Picon Rafael V , Álvares-da-Silva Mário Reis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Intestinal fungi play an important role in the health-disease process. We observed that in liver diseases, fungal infections lead to high mortality. In this review, we were able to gather and evaluate the available scientific evidence on intestinal mycobiota and liver diseases. We searched PubMed and Embase, using a combination of several entry terms. Only studies in adults ≥ 18 years old with liver disease and published after 2010 were included. We observed that individuals with liver disease have an altered intestinal mycobioma, which accompanies the progression of these diseases. In cirrhotic patients, there are a high number of Candida sp. strains, especially Candida albicans. In early chronic liver disease, there is an increase in alpha diversity at the expense of Candida sp. and conversely, in advanced liver disease, there is a negative correlation between alpha diversity and model for end-stage liver disease score. On the other hand, patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrate greater diversity compared to controls. Our study concluded that the evidence on the subject is sparse, with few studies and a lack of standardization of outcome measures and reporting, and it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis capable of synthesizing relevant parameters of the human mycobiotic profile. However, certain fungal genera such as Candida play an important role in the context of liver disease and that adults with liver disease have a distinct gut mycobiotic profile from healthy controls.
Correlated short time-scale hard-soft X-ray variability of the blazars Mrk 421 and 1ES 1959+650 using AstroSat
Authors: Das Susmita , Chatterjee Ritaban 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We study simultaneous soft (0.7–7 keV) and hard (7–20 keV) X-ray light curves at a total of eight epochs during 2016–2019 of two TeV blazars Mrk 421 and 1ES 1959+650 observed by the SXT and LAXPC instruments on-board AstroSat. The light curves are 45–450 ks long and may be sampled with time bins as short as 600–800 s with high signal-to-noise ratio. The blazars show a harder when brighter trend at all epochs. Discrete cross-correlation functions indicate that the hard and soft X-ray variability are strongly correlated. The time lag is consistent with zero in some epochs, and indicates hard or soft lag of a few hours in the rest. In the leptonic model of blazar emission, soft lag may be due to slower radiative cooling of lower energy electrons while hard lag may be caused by gradual acceleration of the high energy electrons emitting at the hard X-ray band. Assuming the above scenario and the value of the Doppler factor (δ) to be 10–20, the hard and soft lags may be used to estimate the magnetic field to be ∼0.1 Gauss and the acceleration parameter to be ∼104 in the emission region. Due to the availability of the high time resolution (∼ minutes to hours) light curves from AstroSat, the value of the illusive acceleration parameter could be estimated, which provides a stringent constraint on the theories of particle acceleration in blazar jets.
Gaia21bty: An EXor light curve exhibiting a FUor spectrum
Authors: Siwak Michał , Hillenbrand Lynne A , Kóspál Ágnes , Ábrahám Péter , Giannini Teresa , De Kishalay , Moór Attila , Szilágyi Máté , Janík Jan , Koen Chris , Park Sunkyung , Nagy Zsófia , Cruz-Sáenz de Miera Fernando , Fiorellino Eleonora , Marton Gábor , Kun Mária , Lucas Philip W , Udalski Andrzej , Szabó Zsófia Marianna 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Gaia21bty, a pre-main-sequence star that previously had shown aperiodic dips in its light curve, underwent a considerable ΔG ≈ 2.9 mag brightening that occurred over a few months between 2020 October and 2021 February. The Gaia light curve shows that the star remained near maximum brightness for about 4–6 months, and then started slowly fading over the next 2 yr, with at least three superimposed ∼1 mag sudden rebrightening events. Whereas the amplitude and duration of the maximum is typical for EX Lupi-type stars, optical and near-infrared spectra obtained at the maximum are dominated by features which are typical for FU Ori-type stars (FUors). Modelling of the accretion disc at the maximum indicates that the disc bolometric luminosity is 43 L⊙ and the mass accretion rate is 2.5 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1, which are typical values for FUors even considering the large uncertainty in the distance ($1.7_{-0.4}^{+0.8}$ kpc). Further monitoring is necessary to understand the cause of the quick brightness decline, the rebrightening, and the other post-outburst light changes, as our multicolour photometric data suggest that they could be caused by a long and discontinuous obscuration event. We speculate that the outburst might have induced large-scale inhomogeneous dust condensations in the line of sight leading to such phenomena, whilst the FUor outburst continues behind the opaque screen.
A Sun-like star orbiting a boson star
Authors: Pombo Alexandre M , Saltas Ippocratis 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The high-precision astrometric mission GAIA recently reported the remarkable discovery of a Sun-like star closely orbiting a dark object with a semimajor axis and period of 1.4 au and 187.8 d, respectively. While the plausible expectation for the central dark object is a black hole, the evolutionary mechanism leading to the formation of such a two-body system is highly challenging. Here, we challenge the scenario of a central black hole and show that the observed orbital dynamics can be explained under fairly general assumptions if the central dark object is a stable clump of bosonic particles of spin-0 or spin-1, known as a boson star. Aside from possible formation mechanisms leading to a star orbiting a boson star, we show that the theory space of boson stars allows for a fairly natural mimicker of binary observations such as the recent one by GAIA. We further explain how future astrometric measurements of similar systems will provide an exciting opportunity to probe the fundamental nature of compact objects and test compact alternatives to black holes.
Landscape of semi-extractable RNAs across five human cell lines
Authors: Zeng Chao , Chujo Takeshi , Hirose Tetsuro , Hamada Michiaki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Phase-separated membraneless organelles often contain RNAs that exhibit unusual semi-extractability using the conventional RNA extraction method, and can be efficiently retrieved by needle shearing or heating during RNA extraction. Semi-extractable RNAs are promising resources for understanding RNA-centric phase separation. However, limited assessments have been performed to systematically identify and characterize semi-extractable RNAs. In this study, 1074 semi-extractable RNAs, including ASAP1, DANT2, EXT1, FTX, IGF1R, LIMS1, NEAT1, PHF21A, PVT1, SCMH1, STRG.3024.1, TBL1X, TCF7L2, TVP23C-CDRT4, UBE2E2, ZCCHC7, ZFAND3 and ZSWIM6, which exhibited consistent semi-extractability were identified across five human cell lines. By integrating publicly available datasets, we found that semi-extractable RNAs tend to be distributed in the nuclear compartments but are dissociated from the chromatin. Long and repeat-containing semi-extractable RNAs act as hubs to provide global RNA–RNA interactions. Semi-extractable RNAs were divided into four groups based on their k-mer content. The NEAT1 group preferred to interact with paraspeckle proteins, such as FUS and NONO, implying that RNAs in this group are potential candidates of architectural RNAs that constitute nuclear bodies.
Smokeless Tobacco Cessation Support in Dental Hospitals in Pakistan: Dentists and Dental Patients’ Perspectives on Current Practices, Support Needed, and Opportunities Available
Authors: Rasool Shaista , Dobbie Fiona , Ahmad Fayaz , Khan Zohaib , Holliday Richard , Bauld Linda 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Despite evidence on the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions in dental settings, the implementation remains low, especially for smokeless tobacco (ST). The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of the influences governing the implementation of ST cessation support in dental hospitals.

Aims and Methods
A multicenter qualitative study was conducted at two tertiary-care dental hospitals, in Pakistan. Semi-structured interview guide, guided by the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, were used to capture the views of dentists (n = 12) and dental patients (n = 12), regarding ST cessation support in dental hospitals. Framework approach was used to thematically analyze the data.

Results
Screening of ST users in routine dental practice was seldom practiced and the cessation support offered was brief advice. Barriers identified by dentists included: Fear of offending and stereotyping patients; lack of knowledge and skills; lack of privacy; lack of belief in the effectiveness of behavioral support; lack of time and workload pressure; ST use amongst dentists; lack of referral systems and; the absence of a mandatory requirement of offering ST cessation support. Facilitators included: Delivering support through junior dentists and the length of interaction between the dentist and the patient. Naswar was the most common ST product used by dental patients. Patients reported receiving negligible cessation support from any healthcare provider.

Conclusions
A range of influences governing the implementation of ST cessation support in dental hospitals were identified. These findings can inform the implementation of behavioral interventions for ST cessation in dental and other clinical settings, in low and middle-income countries.

Implications
Smokeless tobacco control considerably lags, in comparison to the control of combustible tobacco. This is the first study that qualitatively explores the implementation of ST cessation support in dental settings in Pakistan. Utilizing the “Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior” model, it provides an in-depth understanding of the inability of dentists in implementing effective behavioral interventions for ST cessation support in routine dental practice. Highlighting the striking discrepancy between the patient’s need for and receptivity towards cessation support and the dentists’ concerns over their patients’ receptivity towards cessation support, it calls for the need for effective implementation strategies to optimize dentist-led tobacco cessation interventions in low-resource settings.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial of sarilumab for the treatment of glucocorticoid-dependent sarcoidosis
Authors: Baker Matthew C , Horomanski Audra , Wang Yiwen , Liu Yuhan , Parsafar Shima , Fairchild Robert , Mooney Joshua J , Raj Rishi , Witteles Ronald , Genovese Mark C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Effective steroid-sparing therapies for the treatment of sarcoidosis are lacking; IL-6 antagonists may reduce sarcoidosis disease activity. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of the IL-6 receptor antagonist, sarilumab, in subjects with glucocorticoid-dependent sarcoidosis.

Methods
This phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial enrolled 15 subjects with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis at Stanford University from November 2019 to September 2022. In period 1, subjects were treated with open-label s.c. sarilumab 200 mg every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, with predefined tapering of prednisone. Subjects who completed period 1 without a sarcoidosis flare entered period 2 and were randomized to continue sarilumab or to receive matching placebo for 12 weeks. The end points included flare-free survival, as well as changes in pulmonary function tests, chest imaging, patient-reported outcomes, and laboratory values.

Results
Fifteen subjects were enrolled in the study (median age 57 years, 80% male, 73.3% White), and 10 subjects successfully completed period 1. During period 1, 4 of the 15 subjects (26.7%) discontinued due to worsening of their sarcoidosis, and CT chest imaging worsened in 5 of the 15 subjects (35.7%). During period 2, 0 of 2 subjects in the sarilumab group and 1 of 8 subjects (12.5%) in the placebo group had a flare. Treatment with sarilumab 200 mg was generally well tolerated in subjects with sarcoidosis.

Conclusion
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial, a meaningful signal of improvement in subjects with sarcoidosis treated with sarilumab was not observed. Given the small numbers in this study, no definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04008069.
What is PFAPA syndrome? Genetic clues about the pathogenesis
Authors: Manthiram Kalpana 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in childhood. Recent studies report genetic susceptibility variants for PFAPA syndrome and the efficacy of tonsillectomy in a broader cohort of patients with recurrent stereotypical fever. In this review, we highlight the findings of these studies and what they may reveal about the pathogenesis of PFAPA.

Recent findings
Newly identified genetic susceptibility loci for PFAPA suggest that it is a complex genetic disorder linked to Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous ulcers. Patients who have PFAPA with some features of Behçet's disease have been reported. Moreover, the efficacy of tonsillectomy has now been described in patients who do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for PFAPA, although the immunologic profile in the tonsils is different from those with PFAPA. Factors that predict response to tonsillectomy are also reported.

Summary
These findings highlight the heterogeneous phenotypes that may be related to PFAPA due to common genetic susceptibility or response to therapy. These relationships raise questions about how to define PFAPA and highlight the importance of understanding of the genetic architecture of PFAPA and related diseases.
Symbolic and substantive legitimation: examining corporate commitments to sustainable development goal 12
Authors: Eng Nicholas , Troy Cassandra L.C. , Bortree Denise S. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess online corporate communication around commitments to sustainable development goal (SDG) 12, sustainable production and consumption.Design/methodology/approachGuided by legitimacy theory, a qualitative directed content analysis was conducted on 13 companies' webpages (81 webpages, 78,947 words).FindingsCompanies broadly failed to communicate about all 11 SDG 12 targets, neglected to consistently address multiple stakeholder groups, missed opportunities to provide concrete evidence of progress and relied on a mix of substantive and symbolic legitimation strategies.Originality/valueSDG 12 has been under-researched and this paper is one of the first to offer an in-depth analysis of corporate communication regarding SDG 12.
Implantoplasty and the risk of fracture of narrow implants with advanced bone loss: A laboratory study
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Bertl Kristina , Isidor Flemming , Vult von Steyern Per 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of implantoplasty (IP) on maximum implant failure strength of narrow diameter implants of different type/design and material, with simulated advanced bone loss.Materials and MethodsNarrow, parallel‐walled implants (3.3 mm in diameter × 10 mm long) with an internal connection of different type/design [bone level (BL), tissue level (TL)] and material [Titanium grade IV (Ti), Titanium‐Zirconium alloy (TiZr)] from one specific manufacturer were used. Half of the implants were subjected to IP in their coronal 5 mm; the remaining were used as controls (seven implants per group). Dynamic loading prior to maximum load strength testing was included.ResultsDuring dynamic loading, the fracture rate of BL implants was low and independent of IP, while that of TL implants increased significantly with IP compared with controls (p = .001). Maximum implant failure strength reduction (in %) due to IP, was 1.3%–25.4%; TiZr BL implants were least affected. Implants subjected to IP compared to those without IP as well as TL implants compared to BL implants showed a significantly lower maximum implant failure strength (p < .002); implant material was not significant (p = .845).ConclusionsBased on data from implants of one specific manufacturer, IP has a significant negative impact on the fracture strength of narrow implants suffering from advanced peri‐implantitis. TL implants have been more severely affected compared to BL implants and presented an increased risk for failure during normal chewing forces. In addition, this negative impact of IP on TL implants was independent of the implant material (i.e., Ti or TiZr).Clinical RelevanceNarrow single TL implants with advanced horizontal bone loss (e.g., 5 mm), when subjected to IP, appear to have an increased fracture risk during normal function.
Sustainable Development Frontiers: Is ‘Sustainable’ Cocoa Delivering Development and Reducing Deforestation?
Authors: Lock Will , Alexander Anthony 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTForest frontiers are important areas for sustainable development as they combine the need to halt deforestation with the challenges of rural poverty. In the region of San Martín, Peru, the ‘Production, Protection and Inclusion’ model combines narratives of conservation, economic development and social inclusion in what can be defined as a ‘sustainable development frontier’. This article asks how such sustainable development frontiers change social, economic and ecological outcomes in the localities where they are found. The authors examine the reality of sustainable cocoa production linked to conservation and development goals, as promoted by government bodies, international agencies, cooperatives and chocolate brands in Peru, and show how, paradoxically, sustainability goals intensify production and attract smallholders into forest frontier areas. In doing so, the boom in demand for sustainable commodities has inadvertently created conditions encouraging further colonization of forested areas leading to a continuing rise in deforestation, ecological degradation and economic instability. Narratives of sustainable development can thus reinforce commodity intensification, as they obscure alternative approaches and reproduce traditional frontier dynamics.
Triploid Pacific oysters exhibit stress response dysregulation and elevated mortality following heatwaves
Authors: George Matthew N. , Cattau Olivia , Middleton Mollie A. , Lawson Delaney , Vadopalas Brent , Gavery Mackenzie , Roberts Steven B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolyploidy has been suggested to negatively impact environmental stress tolerance, resulting in increased susceptibility to extreme climate events. In this study, we compared the genomic and physiological response of diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to conditions present during an atmospheric heatwave that impacted the Pacific Northwestern region of the United States in the summer of 2021. Climate stressors were applied either singly (single stressor; elevated seawater temperature, 30°C) or in succession (multiple stressor; elevated seawater temperature followed by aerial emersion at 44°C), replicating conditions present within the intertidal over a tidal cycle during the event. Oyster mortality rate was elevated within stress treatments with respect to the control and was significantly higher in triploids than diploids following multiple stress exposure (36.4% vs. 14.8%). Triploids within the multiple stressor treatment exhibited signs of energetic limitation, including metabolic depression, a significant reduction in ctenidium Na+/K+ ATPase activity, and the dysregulated expression of genes associated with stress response, innate immunity, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Functional enrichment analysis of ploidy‐specific gene sets identified that biological processes associated with metabolism, stress tolerance, and immune function were overrepresented within triploids across stress treatments. Our results suggest that triploidy impacts the transcriptional regulation of key processes that underly the stress response of Pacific oysters, resulting in downstream shifts in physiological tolerance limits that may increase susceptibility to extreme climate events that present multiple environmental stressors. The impact of chromosome set manipulation on the climate resilience of marine organisms has important implications for domestic food security within future climate scenarios, especially as triploidy induction becomes an increasingly popular tool to elicit reproductive control across a wide range of species used within marine aquaculture.
Supranational Entrepreneurship Through the Administrative Backdoor: The Commission, the Green Deal and the CAP 2023–2027
Authors: Becker Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Green Deal, the European Commission's current economic and environmental flagship initiative, demands policy change in many fields. One of them is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which has a history of complex and controversial reforms. This raises a classic question of EU studies: To what extent and under what conditions can the Commission act as a policy entrepreneur? Analysing its efforts to align the latest CAP reform with the Green Deal, this article shows that, whilst struggling to make an impact in the legislative arena, the Commission used its implementation powers to pressure member states to engage with the Green Deal in their national CAP plans. In doing so, it effectively blended hard and soft law to strengthen its position. The case offers evidence how Commission entrepreneurship can materialize even under adverse conditions.
Evaluating the risk of infections under interleukin 23 and interleukin 17 inhibitors relative to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors – A population‐based study
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Zirpel Henner , Mruwat Noor , Ludwig Ralf J. , Thaci Diamant 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of infections among patients with psoriasis undergoing interleukin (IL)‐23 inhibitors (IL‐23i) and IL‐17 inhibitors (IL‐17i) is yet to be exhaustively determined.ObjectiveTo assess the risk of infectious complications in patients with psoriasis managed by IL‐23i and IL‐17i with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) as a comparator.MethodsA global cohort study comprised two distinct analyses comparing patients with psoriasis under different therapeutic modalities; (i) new users of IL‐23i (n = 5272) versus TNFi (n = 5272) and (ii) new users of IL‐17i (n = 15,160) versus TNFi (n = 15,160). Study groups were compared regarding the risk of 26 different infections. Propensity score matching was conducted to optimize between‐group comparability.ResultsPatients under IL‐23i had a lower risk of otitis media (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44–0.97), encephalitis (HR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04–0.78), herpes zoster (HZ; HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41–0.82), hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12–0.47), cytomegalovirus (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07–0.86), influenza (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38–0.71) and parasitic diseases (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.95). IL‐17i was associated with a decreased risk of pneumonia (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68–0.85), septicaemia (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.97), upper respiratory tract infection (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77–0.92), HZ (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67–0.92), HBV (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.46–0.76) and hepatitis C virus (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57–0.88) reactivation, cytomegalovirus (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36–0.93), Epstein–Barr virus (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19–0.75), influenza (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61–0.81) and parasitic diseases (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72–0.88).ConclusionCompared with TNFi, IL‐23i and IL‐17i are associated with decreased risk of several infectious diseases. These agents might be preferred in patients with susceptibility to infections.