bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for non-merger co-evolution of galaxies and their supermassive black holes
Authors: Smethurst R J , Beckmann R S , Simmons B D , Coil A , Devriendt J , Dubois Y , Garland I L , Lintott C J , Martin G , Peirani S 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent observational and theoretical studies have suggested that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) grow mostly through non-merger (‘secular’) processes. Since galaxy mergers lead to dynamical bulge growth, the only way to observationally isolate non-merger growth is to study galaxies with low bulge-to-total mass ratio (e.g. $B/T\lt 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$). However, bulge growth can also occur due to secular processes, such as disc instabilities, making disc-dominated selections a somewhat incomplete way to select merger-free systems. Here we use the Horizon-AGN simulation to select simulated galaxies which have not undergone a merger since z = 2, regardless of bulge mass, and investigate their location on typical black hole-galaxy scaling relations in comparison to galaxies with merger dominated histories. While the existence of these correlations has long been interpreted as co-evolution of galaxies and their SMBHs driven by galaxy mergers, we show here that they persist even in the absence of mergers. We find that the correlations between SMBH mass and both total mass and stellar velocity dispersion are independent of B/T ratio for both merger-free and merger-dominated galaxies. In addition, the bulge mass and SMBH mass correlation is still apparent for merger-free galaxies, the intercept for which is dependent on B/T. Galaxy mergers reduce the scatter around the scaling relations, with merger-free systems showing broader scatter. We show that for merger-free galaxies, the co-evolution is dominated by radio-mode feedback, and suggest that the long periods of time between galaxy mergers make an important contribution to the co-evolution between galaxies and SMBHs in all galaxies.
Long-term forcing of the Sun’s coronal field, open flux, and cosmic ray modulation potential during grand minima, maxima, and regular activity phases by the solar dynamo mechanism
Authors: Dash Soumyaranjan , Nandy Dibyendu , Usoskin Ilya 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields generated in the Sun’s interior by the dynamo mechanism drive solar activity over a range of time-scales. Direct sunspot observations exist for a few centuries; reconstructed variations based on cosmogenic isotopes in the solar open flux and cosmic ray flux exist over thousands of years. While such reconstructions indicate the presence of extreme solar activity fluctuations in the past, causal links between millennia scale dynamo activity, consequent coronal field, solar wind, open flux and cosmic ray flux variations remain elusive; a lack of coronal field observations compounds this issue. By utilizing a stochastically forced solar dynamo model and potential field source surface extrapolation, we perform long-term simulations to illuminate how dynamo generated magnetic fields govern the structure of the solar corona and the state of the heliosphere – as indicated by variations in the open flux and cosmic ray modulation potential. We establish differences in the nature of the large-scale structuring of the solar corona during grand maximum, minimum, and regular solar activity phases and simulate how the open flux and cosmic ray modulation potential vary across these different phases of activity. We demonstrate that the power spectrum of simulated and observationally reconstructed solar open flux time series are consistent with each other. Our study provides the theoretical foundation for interpreting long-term solar cycle variations inferred from cosmogenic isotope based reconstructions and establishes causality between solar internal variations to the forcing of the state of the heliosphere.
Starbursts in low-mass haloes at Cosmic Dawn. I. The critical halo mass for star formation
Authors: Nebrin Olof , Giri Sambit K , Mellema Garrelt 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The first stars, galaxies, star clusters, and direct-collapse black holes are expected to have formed in low-mass (∼105–109 M⊙) haloes at Cosmic Dawn (z ∼ 10–30) under conditions of efficient gas cooling, leading to gas collapse towards the centre of the halo. The halo mass cooling threshold has been analysed by several authors using both analytical models and numerical simulations, with differing results. Since the halo number density is a sensitive function of the halo mass, an accurate model of the cooling threshold is needed for (semi-)analytical models of star formation at Cosmic Dawn. In this paper, the cooling threshold mass is calculated (semi-)analytically, considering the effects of H2-cooling and formation (in the gas phase and on dust grains), cooling by atomic metals, Lyman-α cooling, photodissociation of H2 by Lyman–Werner photons (including self-shielding by H2), photodetachment of H− by infrared photons, photoevaporation by ionization fronts, and the effect of baryon streaming velocities. We compare the calculations to several high-resolution cosmological simulations, showing excellent agreement. We find that in regions of typical baryon streaming velocities, star formation is possible in haloes of mass ≳ 1–2 × 106 M⊙ for z ≳ 20. By z ∼ 8, the expected Lyman–Werner background suppresses star formation in all minihaloes below the atomic cooling threshold (Tvir = 104 K). The halo mass cooling threshold increases by another factor of ∼4 following reionization, although this effect is slightly delayed (z ∼ 4–5) because of effective self-shielding.
Functional characterization of stap2b in zebrafish vascular development
Authors: Wang Yi‐Shan , Chen Yi‐Ting , Wu Chang‐Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe genetic control and signaling pathways of vascular development are not comprehensively understood. Transcription factors Islet2 (Isl2) and nr2f1b are critical for vascular growth in zebrafish, and further transcriptome analysis has revealed potential targets regulated by isl2/nr2f1b. In this study, we focused on the potential activation gene signal‐transducing adaptor protein 2b (stap2b) and revealed a novel role of stap2b in vascular development. stap2b mRNA was expressed in developing vessels, suggesting stap2b plays a role in vascularization. Knocking down stap2b expression by morpholino injection or Crispr‐Cas9‐generated stap2b mutants caused vascular defects, suggesting a role played by stap2b in controlling the patterning of intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and the caudal vein plexus (CVP). The vessel abnormalities associated with stap2b deficiency were found to be due to dysregulated cell migration and proliferation. The decreased expression of vascular‐specific markers in stap2b morphants was consistent with the vascular defects observed. In contrast, overexpression of stap2b enhanced the growth of ISVs and reversed the vessel defects in stap2b morphants. These data suggest that stap2b is necessary and sufficient to promote vascular development. Finally, we examined the interaction between stap2b and multiple signaling. We showed that stap2b regulated ISV growth through the JAK–STAT pathway. Moreover, we found that stap2b was regulated by Notch signaling to control ISV growth, and stap2b interacted with bone morphogenetic protein signaling to contribute to CVP formation. Altogether, we demonstrated that stap2b acts downstream of the isl2/nr2f1b pathway to play a pivotal role in vascular development via interaction with multiple signaling pathways.
A DNA damage response‐like phenotype defines a third of colon cancers at onset
Authors: Mauro Stefania , Bolognesi Maddalena M. , Villa Nicoletta , Capitoli Giulia , Furia Laura , Mascadri Francesco , Zucchini Nicola , Totis Mauro , Faretta Mario , Galimberti Stefania , Bovo Giorgio , Cattoretti Giorgio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractColon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has a limited range of diversified, personalized therapeutic opportunities, besides DNA hypermutating cases; thus, both new targets or broadening existing strategies for personalized intervention are of interest. Routinely processed material from 246 untreated COADs with clinical follow‐up was probed for evidence of DNA damage response (DDR), that is, the gathering of DDR‐associated molecules at discrete nuclear spots, by multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining for DDR complex proteins (γH2AX, pCHK2, and pNBS1). We also tested the cases for type I interferon response, T‐lymphocyte infiltration (TILs), and mutation mismatch repair defects (MMRd), known to be associated with defects of DNA repair. FISH analysis for chromosome 20q copy number variations was obtained. A total of 33.7% of COAD display a coordinated DDR on quiescent, non‐senescent, non‐apoptotic glands, irrespective of TP53 status, chromosome 20q abnormalities, and type I IFN response. Clinicopathological parameters did not differentiate DDR+ cases from the other cases. TILs were equally present in DDR and non‐DDR cases. DDR+ MMRd cases were preferentially retaining wild‐type MLH1. The outcome after 5FU‐based chemotherapy was not different in the two groups. DDR+ COAD represents a subgroup not aligned with known diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic categories, with potential new targeted treatment opportunities, exploiting the DNA damage repair pathways.
Pin Fracture in Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods: Influence of the Year of Manufacture
Authors: Tognini Martina , Hothi Harry , Dal Gal Elisabetta , Henckel Johann , Shafafy Masood , Broomfield Edel , Tucker Stewart , Skinner John , Hart Alister 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) have a known issue with fracture of the internal locking pin resulting in early revisions. The manufacturer reported that rods manufactured before March 26, 2015, had a 5% risk of locking pin fracture. Locking pins made after this date are thicker in diameter and of a tougher alloy; their rate of pin fracture is not known. The aim of this study was to better understand the impact of the design changes on the performance of MCGRs.

Methods:
This study involves 46 patients with 76 removed MCGRs. Forty-six rods were manufactured before March 26, 2015, and 30 rods after that date. Clinical and implant data were collected for all MCGRs. Retrieval analysis comprised plain radiographs evaluations, force and elongation testing, and disassembly.

Results:
The 2 patient groups were statistically comparable. We found that 14 of 27 patients implanted with rods manufactured before March 26, 2015 (group I) had a fracture of their locking pins. Three of the 17 patients with rods manufactured after this date (group II) were also found to have a fractured pin.

Conclusions:
Retrieved rods collected at our center and made after March 26, 2015, had far fewer locking pin fractures than those made before this date; this may be due to the change in pin design.
Preoperative Frailty Risk in Cranioplasty Patients: Risk Analysis Index Predicts Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Moya Addi N. , Owodunni Oluwafemi P. , Harrison Joshua L. , Shahriari Shawhin R. , Shetty Anil K. , Borah Gregory L. , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Cranioplasty is a common surgical procedure used to repair cranial defects, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although frailty is a strong predictor of poor postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties, little is known about frailty’s impact on cranioplasty outcomes. This study examined the association between frailty and cranioplasty by comparing the effect of the Risk Analysis Index-Administrative (RAI-A) and the Modified Frailty Index-5 (mFI-5) on cranioplasty outcomes.

Methods:
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for patients undergoing cranioplasty between 2012 and 2020. Receiver operating characteristics and multivariable analyses were used to assess the relationship of postoperative outcomes and the RAI-A, mFI-5, and increasing patient age.

Results:
There were 2864 included study patients with a median age of 57 years (IQR, 44-67), and a higher proportion of patients were women (57.0%) and White (68.5%). The RAI-A had a more robust predictive ability for 30-day mortality (C-Statistic, 0.741; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.678‐0.804) compared with mFI-5 (C-Statistic, 0.574; 95% CI, 0.489‐0.659) and increasing patient age (C-Statistic, 0.671; 95% CI, 0.610‐0.732). On multivariable analyses, frailty was independently associated with mortality and other poor postoperative outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The RAI-A demonstrated superior discrimination than the mFI-5 and increasing patient age in predicting mortality. Additionally, the RAI-A showed independent associations with nonhome discharge and postoperative complications (CDII, CDIIIb, and CDIV). The high rates of operative morbidity (5.0%–36.5%) and mortality (0.4%–3.2%) after cranioplasty highlight the importance of identifying independent risk factors for poor cranioplasty outcomes.
Lymphatic Improvement after Suction-assisted Lipectomy in a Lipedema Patient
Authors: Vitorasso Carolina de Souza Ribeiro , Silva Anna Carolina Borges , Batista Bernardo Pinheiro de Senna Nogueira , Kamamoto Fábio 
Published: June 2023

Summary:
Lipedema is a chronic and progressive disease that may compromise lymphatic function. Although suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) is considered a safe treatment for lipedema patients, the lymphatic repercussions of this surgical procedure are not fully understood. There is not enough evidence to support the role of SAL in lymphatic function treatment in lipedema. Here, we report a case of lymphatic drainage improvement after lipedema treatment with SAL. Tumescent SAL was performed in the deep subcutaneous layer, preserving the superficial and muscular lymphatic vessels. Pre- and postsurgical lymphoscintigraphy was equally documented under the Genoa protocol. A 34-year-old female patient presented with painful enlargement of the arms and lower limbs caused by lipedema. The patient had undergone conservative treatment with mild improvement in pain and heaviness. Lymphoscintigraphy showed slowed radiotracer progression on the left lower limb, collateral and tortuous lymphatic vessels on the right lower limb, and exuberant radiopharmaceutical concentration on the inguinal chain. Nine months after SAL was performed, the patient underwent another lymphoscintigraphy, which exhibited normalized radiopharmaceutical progression time and normal and symmetrical lymphatic vessel patterns. Collateral lymphatic paths and tortuosity vessels were no longer identified. Furthermore, the patient reported significant improvement in pain and the limb’s appearance. Tumescent SAL is not only efficient and safe in treating lipedema, but may also be responsible for improvement in lymphatic drainage in lipedema patients. Additional prospective studies are fundamental to reinforce the current evidence and possibly yield predicting information about the tumescent liposuction eligibility in the improvement of lymphatic drainage.
Left Atrial Dysfunction in Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Yingxia , Lu Minjie , Guan Xuechun , Zhao Shihua , Long Liling 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the left atrial (LA) function in participants with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT).

Materials and Methods:
Thirty typical AHCM (TAHCM) patients, 23 subclinical AHCM (SAHCM) patients and 32 normal healthy volunteers who underwent CMR exam were retrospectively analyzed. LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile function were quantified by volumetric and CMR-FT derived strain and strain rate (SR) parameters from 2-chamber and 4-chamber cine imaging.

Results:
Compared with healthy participants, both TAHCM and SAHCM patients had impaired LA reservoir function (total strain [%]: TAHCM 31.3±12.2, SAHCM 31.8±12.3, controls 40.4±10.7, P<0.01; total SR [/s]: TAHCM 1.1±0.4, SAHCM 1.1±0.5, controls 1.4 ± 0.4, P<0.01) and conduit function (passive strain [%]: TAHCM 14.4±7.6, SAHCM 16.4±8.8, controls 23.3±8.1, P<0.01; passive SR [/s]: TAHCM −0.5±0.3, SAHCM −0.6±0.3, controls −1.0±0.4, P<0.01). Regarding contraction function, although TAHCM and SAHCM patients had preserved active emptying fraction and strain (all P>0.05), patients with TAHCM had the lowest active SR value among the 3 groups (P=0.03). LA reservoir and conduit strain were both significantly associated with left ventricular mass index and maximal wall thickness (all P<0.05). A moderate correlation between LA passive SR and left ventricular cardiac index (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
The LA reservoir and conduit function are predominately impaired and appeared in both SAHCM and TAHCM patients.
EXTRACORPOREAL CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION WITH THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA MITIGATES KIDNEY INJURY AFTER CARDIAC ARREST IN RATS
Authors: Chen Shuhong , Yu Jie , Xue Pingfei , Hei Feilong , Guan Yulong 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Many patients with cardiac arrest (CA) experience severe kidney injury after the return of spontaneous circulation. This study aimed to compare the renal protective effect of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), and ECPR with therapeutic hypothermia (ECPR+T) in a CA rat model. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally allocated into the sham, CCPR, ECPR, and ECPR+T groups. The sham group underwent basic surgical procedures without asphyxia-induced CA. The other three groups were treated with asphyxiation to establish the CA model. Subsequently, they were rescued using three different therapeutic methods. The end points were 1 h after return of spontaneous circulation or death. Renal injury was evaluated by histopathology. Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, necroptosis, inflammatory, and apoptosis-related genes, and proteins were detected using western blotting, ELISA, and assay kit. Compared with CCPR, ECPR and ECPR+T alleviated oxidative stress by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and downregulating heme oxygenase-1, and malondialdehyde. Expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, glucose-regulated protein 78, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein was lower in ECPR and ECPR+T groups than that in the CCPR group, along with levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-β, and necroptosis proteins (receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinases 1 and 3). Furthermore, the ECPR and ECPR+T groups had significantly increased B-cell lymphoma 2 and decreased B-cell lymphoma 2–associated X levels compared with the CCPR group. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation and ECPR+T alleviate kidney damage after CA in rats compared with CCPR. Furthermore, ECPR+T had a better renal protective effect.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Liver Transplantation for Alcohol-associated Liver Diseases in the United States
Authors: Cotter Thomas G. , Mitchell Mack C. , Patel Mausam J. , Anouti Ahmad , Lieber Sarah R. , Rich Nicole E. , Arab Juan Pablo , Díaz Luis Antonio , Louissaint Jeremy , Kerr Thomas , Mufti Arjmand R. , Hanish Steven I. , Vagefi Parsia A. , Patel Madhukar S. , VanWagner Lisa B. , Lee William M. , O’Leary Jacqueline G. , Singal Amit G. 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Emerging data suggest disparities exist in liver transplantation (LT) for alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). As the incidence of ALD increases, we aimed to characterize recent trends in ALD LT frequency and outcomes, including racial and ethnic disparities.

Methods.
Using United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data (2015 through 2021), we evaluated LT frequency, waitlist mortality, and graft survival among US adults with ALD (alcohol-associated hepatitis [AH] and alcohol-associated cirrhosis [AAC]) stratified by race and ethnicity. We used adjusted competing-risk regression analysis to evaluate waitlist outcomes, Kaplan–Meier analysis to illustrate graft survival, and Cox proportional hazards modeling to identify factors associated with graft survival.

Results.
There were 1211 AH and 26 526 AAC new LT waitlist additions, with 970 AH and 15 522 AAC LTs performed. Compared with non-Hispanic White patients (NHWs) with AAC, higher hazards of waitlist death were observed for Hispanic (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.32), Asian (SHR = 1.22, 95% CI:1. 01-1.47), and American Indian/Alaskan Native (SHR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.15-1.76) candidates. Similarly, significantly higher graft failures were observed in non-Hispanic Black (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09-1.61) and American Indian/Alaskan Native (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.15-2.38) patients with AAC than NHWs. We did not observe differences in waitlist or post-LT outcomes by race or ethnicity in AH, although analyses were limited by small subgroups.

Conclusions.
Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist for ALD LT frequency and outcomes in the United States. Compared with NHWs, racial and ethnic minorities with AAC experience increased risk of waitlist mortality and graft failure. Efforts are needed to identify determinants for LT disparities in ALD that can inform intervention strategies.
Common Design and Data Elements Reported on Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Bilgin Cem , Ghozy Sherief , Adusumilli Gautam , Thurnham Jade , Hardy Nicole , Xu Timothy , Tarchand Ranita , Kallmes Kevin M. , Brinjikji Waleed , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Chen John J. , Sinclair Alexandra , Mollan Susan P. , Kallmes David F. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
There are an increasing number of controlled clinical trials and prospective studies, ongoing and recently completed, regarding management options for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). We present a Common Design and Data Element (CDDE) analysis of controlled and prospective IIH studies with the aim of aligning essential design and recommending data elements in future trials and enhancing data synthesis potential in IIH trials.

Methods:
We used PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to screen for ongoing and published trials assessing treatment modalities in people with IIH. After our search, we used the Nested Knowledge AutoLit platform to extract pertinent information regarding each study. We examined outputs from each study and synthesized the data elements to determine the degree of homogeneity between studies.

Results:
The most CDDE for inclusion criteria was the modified Dandy criteria for diagnosis of IIH, used in 9/14 studies (64%). The most CDDE for outcomes was change in visual function, reported in 12/14 studies (86%). Evaluation of surgical procedures (venous sinus stenting, cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement, and others) was more common, seen in 9/14 studies (64%) as compared with interventions with medical therapy 6/14 (43%).

Conclusions:
Although all studies have similar focus to improve patient care, there was a high degree of inconsistency among studies regarding inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and outcomes measures. Furthermore, studies used different time frames to assess outcome data elements. This heterogeneity will make it difficult to achieve a consistent standard, and thus, making secondary analyses and meta-analyses less effective in the future. Consensus on design of trials is an unmet research need for IIH.