bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors of posttraumatic hydrocephalus and its association with outcome following intensive care unit treatment for traumatic brain injury: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Lindfors Matias , Vehviläinen Juho , Bendel Stepani , Reinikainen Matti , Laitio Ruut , Ala-Kokko Tero , Hoppu Sanna , Siironen Jari , Skrifvars Markus B. , Raj Rahul 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE
Posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a recognized long-term complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The authors assessed the incidence and risk factors of PTH and its association with outcome in patients with TBI who were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU).

METHODS
The authors used the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium (FICC) database to retrospectively identify all adult patients with TBI treated in 4 Finnish tertiary ICUs during 2003–2013. All patients were followed up from hospital discharge to a diagnosis of PTH, death, or the end of 2016. PTH was defined as a need for a postdischarge ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculoatrial shunt. The authors collected data on shunt-insertion procedures, mortality, and disability status from nationwide registries cross-linked to the FICC database. The authors calculated the occurrence and incidence rates of PTH and used multivariable logistic regression modeling to determine risk factors for PTH and its association with outcome.

RESULTS
Sixty-one of 2882 patients (2.1%) developed PTH during a median follow-up time of 4.6 years, with a median of 102 days (interquartile range 54–220 days) between hospital discharge and PTH. Risk factors for PTH were increasing age (OR 1.02 per year, 95% CI 1.01–1.04); a midline shift of > 5 mm (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.01–3.48); traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.79–7.21); external ventricular drainage (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.68–7.46); and decompressive craniectomy (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.37–9.88). PTH was independently associated with permanent disability after case-mix adjustment (OR 3.62, 95% CI 2.11–6.22).

CONCLUSIONS
PTH is an uncommon long-term complication of TBI, with several risk factors that are identifiable early during neurointensive care. The development of PTH is independently associated with poor functional outcome. Whether earlier detection and treatment of PTH leads to improved outcomes remains unknown, highlighting the importance of adequate follow-up and prompt detection and treatment of the condition.
Comparison of the Risk Analysis Index and the modified 5-factor frailty index in predicting 30-day morbidity and mortality after spine surgery
Authors: Bowers Christian A. , Varela Samantha , Conlon Matthew , Kazim Syed Faraz , Thommen Rachel , Roster Katie , Hall Daniel E. , Schmidt Meic H. 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE
Frailty’s role in preoperative risk assessment in spine surgery has increased in association with the increasing size of the aging population. However, previous frailty assessment tools have significant limitations. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive ability of the Risk Analysis Index (RAI) with the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) for postoperative spine surgery morbidity and mortality.

METHODS
Data were collected from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for adults > 18 years who underwent spine surgery between 2015 and 2019. Multivariate modeling and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, including area under the curve/C-statistic calculations, were performed to evaluate the comparative discriminative ability of RAI and mFI-5 on postoperative outcomes.

RESULTS
In a cohort of 292,225 spine surgery patients, multivariate modeling showed that increasing RAI scores, and not increasing mFI-5 scores, were independent predictors of increased postoperative mortality for the trauma, tumor, and infection subcohorts. In the overall spine cohort, both increasing RAI and increasing mFI-5 scores were associated with increased mortality, but C-statistics indicated that the RAI (C-statistic 0.802 [95% CI 0.800–0.803], p < 0.0001, DeLong test) had superior discrimination compared with the mFI-5 (C-statistic 0.677 [95% CI 0.675–0.679], p < 0.0001, DeLong test). In subgroup analyses, the RAI had superior discriminative ability to mFI-5 for mortality in the trauma and infection groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The RAI demonstrates superior discrimination to the mFI-5 for predicting postoperative mortality and morbidity after spine surgery and the RAI maintains conceptual fidelity to the frailty phenotype. Patients with high RAI scores may benefit from knowing the possibility of increased surgical risk with potential spine surgery.
Medical complications following adult spinal deformity correction in patients with autoimmune disease
Authors: Madelar Rina Therese R. , Oe Shin , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Banno Tomohiro , Arima Hideyuki , Ide Koichiro , Yamada Tomohiro , Kurosu Kenta , Nakai Keiichi , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE
An aberrant inflammatory response, which plays a role in the development of postoperative complications, is observed in autoimmune diseases, Yet, there is a paucity of literature regarding the effects of autoimmune diseases after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) on postoperative medical complications, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and radiographic alignment in patients who underwent ASD surgery.

METHODS
Propensity-score matching for age and sex was performed for patients with autoimmune disease (group A) and nonautoimmune patients (group NA1). Postoperative medical complications, preoperative and 2-year follow-up PROMs, and preoperative, immediate postoperative, and 2-year follow-up radiographic alignment were evaluated.

RESULTS
Among 386 patients (27 in group A and 359 in group NA1), autoimmune patients had a higher incidence of respiratory complications (11.1% vs 2.2%, p = 0.036), gastrointestinal complications (14.8% vs 3.1%, p = 0.016), urinary tract infections (14.8% vs 3.1%, p = 0.016), cholecystitis (7.4% vs 0%, p = 0.005), and fever of unknown origin (14.8% vs 0%, p < 0.001). Autoimmune patients had worse preoperative ODI (54.2 vs 44.7, p = 0.004) and 2-year follow-up Scoliosis Research Society 22-item Questionnaire (SRS-22) scores (3.1 vs 3.5, p = 0.039), with higher preoperative sacral slope (23.4° vs 17.8°, p = 0.020). Propensity-score matching for age and sex yielded 27 pairs (group A and group NA2). Having at least one medical complication (group A 74.1% vs group NA2 22.2%, p < 0.001), total complications per person (1.3 vs 0.3, p = 0.010), prognostic nutrition index (44.8 vs 48.6, p = 0.034), steroid use (51.9% vs 0%, p < 0.001), immunosuppressant use (48.1% vs 0%, p < 0.001), length of hospital stay (38 vs 27 days, p = 0.018), and discharge to care facility (29.6% vs 7.4%, p = 0.036) were higher in group A. Preoperative ODI (54.2 vs 43.2, p = 0.011) and 2-year follow-up SRS-22 scores (3.1 vs 3.6 p = 0.019) were worse in group A. No differences were observed in radiographic alignment.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with autoimmune disease had higher complication rates and worse PROMs following ASD surgery in this study. There was no difference in spinal alignment compared with controls. Multidisciplinary planning and full disclosure of possible adverse effects should be completed prior to correction of ASD in patients with autoimmune disease.
Strategi Kerjasama Dalam Memberikan Layanan Lapangan Kerja Bagi Lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Rifa’i Moh , Hakim Moh 
Published: April 2023

Penggangguran merupakan permasalahan yang sangat penting dan berdampak terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Demi kesejahteraan masyarakat pengangguran harus benar-benar diperhatikan dan diatasi melalui organisasi tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang strategi kerjasama dalam memberikan layanan lapangan kerja bagi lulusan SMK Nurul Jadid, dengan menggunakan metodelogi penelitian Kualitatif jenis studi kasus di SMK Nurul Jadid tahun 2021 dengan 140 alumni, instrumen yang peneliti gunakan data dokumen, penggunaan recorder ketika wawancara berlangsung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut strategi yang digunakan SMK Nurul Jadid dalam memberikan layanan lapangan kerja yaitu melakukan bimbingan karir lewat bimbingan konseling, serta memperbanyak Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) dengan perusahaan. Baik perusahan yang ada di daerah kabupaten probolinggo maupun yang berada di jawa timur, salah satu contohnya adalah dengan PT Indo Bismar Surabaya yang bergerak dalam IT. Ada tiga Strategi yang dilakukan SMK Nurul Jadid untuk memberikan layanan lapangan kerja bagi lulusan, yaitu, Bursa kerja khusus/BKK, Teaching Factory (TEFA), Pelaksanaan Prakerin.
Perilaku Agresif Dan Sopan Santun Anak Orang Tua Tunggal di SDS IT Cinta Islam Padang
Authors: Nasution Dina Erina , Wahyuni Elsa , Miranda Miranda , Fitria Yanti 
Published: April 2023

Keluarga bertanggung jawab terhadap pendidikan anak sejak dini. Fungsi pendidikan dan fungsi ekonomi dalam keluarga tidak dapat dipisahkan. Peneliti melakukan observasi dengan wali kelas IIIA di SDS IT Cinta Islam Padang Siswa tersebut merupakan korban perceraian dari orang tuanya. Dan juga siswa tidak tinggal dengan salah satu orang tuanya, namun tinggal dengan nenek. Sehingga ditemukan sikap penyimpangan oleh siswa tersebut. Selain itu peneliti juga menemukan tingkah laku agresif. Berdasarkan pertimbangan diatas peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti perilaku agresif anak sekolah dasar. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan atau field research. Penelitian ini, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk penelitian berkaitan dengan penilaian subyektif dari sikap, pendapat dan perilaku. Jenis penelitian studi kasus, metode untuk menghimpun dan menganalisis data berkenaan dengan sesuatu kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sopan santun anak, yaitu faktor orang tua, lingkungan,dan sekolah di SDS IT Cinta Islam Padang. Sedangkan bila pasangan suami istri yang bercerai sudah mempunyai anak yaitu dampak psikologisnya, apabila anak tersebut masih kecil maka tidak baik terhadap perkembangan jiwa si anak.
Hubungan Literasi dan Sikap Dengan Sensitivitas Lingkungan Masyarakat
Authors: Anandari Rahmaniar , Suama I Wayan , Amiruddin Amiruddin 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah literasi berhubungan dengan sensitivitas lingkungan masyarakat, untuk mengetahui apakah sikap berhubungan dengan sensitivitas lingkungan masyarakat dan untuk mengetahui literasi dan sikap dengan sensitivitas lingkungan masyarakat di Kawasan Teluk Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu korelasional atau observasional dengan teknik analisis korelasi. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 85 sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu instrumen non-tes dengan skala likert dan skala semantik diferensial. Teknik analisis data yaitu menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, disimpulkan Literasi lingkungan memiliki hubungan searah yang positif dengan sensitivitas lingkungan masyarakat dengan keeraatan hubungan yang sedang. Sikap lingkungan memiliki hubungan searah yang postif dengan sensitivitas lingkungan masyarakat dengan keeratan hubungan yang sangat lemah. Literasi dan sikap memiliki hubungan searah yang positif dengan sensitivitas lingkungan dengan keeratan hubungan yang sedang.
Bronchogenic carcinoma in sample of Iraqi patients, Fiber optic bronchoscope findings
Authors: Al,Jobouri Adnan M. , Sultan Kassim M. , Al.Obaidy Muhammed W. , Shihab Firas R. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths and its incidence is rising. The determination of histopathology and stage of primary lung carcinoma is crucial to develop appropriate treatment approach that affects morbidity and mortality. Fiber optic bronchoscope techniques for early detection of lung cancer are a promising tool as they might allow visualizing changes of early lung cancer and also permitting sampling for histological confirmation.Objective: This study was intended to compare the fiber optic bronchoscopy findings and their anatomical locations with the histopathology types in patients with lung cancer.Patient and Methods: A cross section study was conducted during the period from 1st February 2012 to the 31th of July 2013, 49 patients with clinical and radiological findings suggesting primary lung cancer and diagnose later by bronchoscope samples as cases of primary lung cancer chosen for analysis of their bronchoscope findings, at Baghdad teaching hospital / respiratory clinic.Results: Patients with squamous carcinoma (31%) had (67%) visible mass and (13%) presented invisibly as external compression. Patients with adenocarcinoma (41%) had (40%) visible mass and (35%) presented invisibly as external compression while normal bronchoscope was seen in (30%) of those patients so that adenocarcinoma mostly invisible. Patients with small cell carcinoma (28%) had (50%) visible mass and (21%) presented invisibly as external compression.The location of finding in (27%) of the patients with squam. ous carcinoma was in the right main bronchus and (20%) in right upper lobe bronchus while the carina affected in (47%). Patients with adenocarcinoma have vocal cord affected in (25%) and left upper lobebronchus lesion in (25%).Conclusion: There was no relationship between the fiber optic bronchoscope findings and their anatomical locations with the histological types of lung.
Dense breast as a risk factor in breast malignancy
Authors: Khalil Saabh Ismail , Khalel Enam A. , Sulaiman Tharwat I. 
Published: April 2023

Background: One of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer is high breast density, relatively little fat in the breast and more connective and glandular tissue.Objectives: this study aims to measure risk of increase breast density in correlation of CA breast & compare our results with results in other population, to compare the performance of ultrasonography and mammography in measuring breast density according to BIRDS systemMaterials &methods: The study included 45 females .Measuring risk of increase breast density in correlation of CA breast & comparing the performance of ultrasonography and mammography in measuring breast density according to BIRADS system.Results : there is strong influence of breast density as a risk factor of breast CA, according to mammography, it had been significantly found that mammographic density was the more prevalent among CA patients it found in According to mammography, also use of RI as significant and important way for estimation of density as use of 0.6 as a cutoff point, as 91% of dense breast had RI more than 0.6.Conclusions : increase breast density is associated with possible increase risk of CA breast and use of ultrasound, mammogram and RI play a role in estimating breast density.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Occupational Accidents Reported to the National Center for Occupational Safety and Health for the years 2011-2013
Authors: Abdulmahdi Isra’a S. , Aljuboori Suhair 
Published: April 2023

Background: Understanding the risk factors associated with injuries at workplace is an essential element to design and implement preventive measures for such injuries which are a significant source of disability, death and socioeconomic losses worldwide.Objectives: describe cases of occupational injuries with respect to person- place- time model.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study done from October 2013 to October 2014 carried on 467 records of occupational injuries kept in the National Center for Occupational Safety and Health for the years 2011-2013.Results: Ahigher proportion of reported occupational accidents occurred in young male workers, during day time and among primary school graduates.The leading cause of fatality/permanent disability was electrical shock. Work-related road accidents had the highest fatality/permanent disability rate.Missing data in the field:age, duration of service, length of sick leave constituted 22.5%, 43% and 69.4% respectively.Conclusion: Work accidents could be prevented through the application and the use of safety techniques and equipments.Improving the quality and the completeness of data on occupational injuries is an important step to promote the performance of occupational health services.
The Prevalence and Trends of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Impairments in the United States from 2008–2018
Authors: Knoll Kelly , Rhee Yeong , Hamm Jeremy M. , Hammer Kimberly D.P. , Heimbuch Halli , Holloway Jeremy , Jurivich Donald , Lahr Peyton , McGrath Brenda , Parker Kelly , Robinson-Lane Sheria , Stover Emily , Tomkinson Grant R. , McGrath Ryan 
Published: April 2023

Background: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are neuropsychological-driven tasks that are linked to cognitive dysfunction. Examining population-based IADL deficits may reveal insights for the presence of these impairments in the United States. Objective: This investigation sought to evaluate the prevalence and trends of IADL impairments in Americans. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the 2006–2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study was conducted. The overall unweighted analytic sample included 29,764 Americans aged≥50 years. Respondents indicated their ability to perform six IADLs: manage money, manage medications, use a telephone, prepare hot meals, shop for groceries, and use a map. Persons reporting difficulty or an inability to complete an individual IADL were considered as having a task-specific impairment. Similarly, those indicating difficulty or an inability to perform any IADL were classified as having an IADL impairment. Sample weights were utilized to generate nationally-representative estimates. Results: Having an impairment in using a map (2018 wave: 15.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 15.0–16.4) had the highest prevalence in individual IADLs regardless of wave examined. The overall prevalence of IADL impairments declined during the study period ( p < 0.001) to 25.4% (CI: 24.5–26.2) in the 2018 wave. Older Americans and women had a consistently higher prevalence of IADL impairments compared to middle-aged Americans and men, respectively. The prevalence of IADL impairments was also highest among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks. Conclusion: IADL impairments have declined over time. Continued surveillance of IADLs may help inform cognitive screening, identify subpopulations at risk of impairment, and guide relevant policy.
Cost Automata, Safe Schemes, and Downward Closures
Authors: Barozzini David , Clemente Lorenzo , Colcombet Thomas , Parys Paweł 
Published: April 2023

In this work we prove decidability of the model-checking problem for safe recursion schemes against properties defined by alternating B-automata. We then exploit this result to show how to compute downward closures of languages of finite trees recognized by safe recursion schemes. Higher-order recursion schemes are an expressive formalism used to define languages of finite and infinite ranked trees by means of fixed points of lambda terms. They extend regular and context-free grammars, and are equivalent in expressive power to the simply typed λY-calculus and collapsible pushdown automata. Safety in a syntactic restriction which limits their expressive power. The class of alternating B-automata is an extension of alternating parity automata over infinite trees; it enhances them with counting features that can be used to describe boundedness properties.
Gα13-Mediated Signaling Cascade Is Related to the Tau Pathology Caused by Anesthesia and Surgery in 5XFAD Transgenic Mice
Authors: Zhang Junyao , Zhang Tong , Wang Yinuo , Yao Liangfang , Yao Junyan 
Published: April 2023

Background: Our previous studies indicated that anesthesia and surgery could aggravate cognitive impairment of 5XFAD transgenic (Tg) mice, and this aggravation was associated with tau hyperphosphorylation. We previously identified that GNA13 (the gene encoding Gα13) was a hub gene with tau hyperphosphorylation. Objective: This study aims to further investigate the mechanism that whether the Gα13-mediated signaling pathway acts as an instigator to regulate cofilin activation and autophagy impairment in this process. Methods: 5XFAD Tg mice and their littermate (LM) mice were randomly allocated into four groups: LM Control group, LM Anesthesia/Surgery group, AD Control group, and AD Anesthesia/Surgery group. For mice in the Anesthesia/Surgery groups, abdominal surgery was performed under 1.4% isoflurane anesthesia followed by sustaining anesthetic inhalation for up to 2 h. Results: Compared with the AD Control group, protein levels of Gα13, ROCK2, LPAR5, and p-tau/tau46 ratio were increased, while p-cofilin/cofilin protein expression ratio was decreased in the AD Anesthesia/Surgery group. However, the differences in these protein levels were not significant among LM groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that anesthesia and surgery might exacerbate p-tau accumulation in 5XFAD Tg mice but not in LM mice. And this might be closely related to cofilin activation via Gα13-mediated signaling cascade.
Assessment of the risk of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion based on the proportion and correlation of NK cells and T cells in peripheral blood
Authors: Du Mengxuan , Li Yanqiu , Gu Heng , Gao Mengge , Xu Hang , Zhong Wenyao , Liu Xiaohua , Zhong Xingming 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is difficult to diagnose and treat clinically due to its unknown cause OBJECTIVE: Changes in natural killer (NK) cells, T lymphocytes, and Th1(IFNγ)/Th2(IL-4) cytokines were investigated in the peripheral blood of patients with URSA to examine the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and inform potential treatment strategies for this condition. METHODS: For this study, we selected patients with URSA as the case group and included normal women in the control group. Flow cytometry was performed to detect lymphocytes and cytokines in the peripheral blood of all subjects. RESULTS: The proportion of NK cells, Th1 cells, and the Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly higher in the URSA group compared to the control group; whereas the proportion of CD3+T cells was lower. Pairwise correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the percentage of NK cells and CD3+T cells, as well as CD3+CD4+T cells. Canonical correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between NK cells and T cells, including their subgroups. CONCLUSION: Patients with URSA have immune balance disorders, characterised by an increased proportion of peripheral blood NK cells, Th1, and Th1/Th2 ratio along with a decreased proportion of CD3+T cells. The proportion of NK cells and CD3+T may serve as predictive factors for URSA, while NK cells are closely related to the regulation of CD3+T cells and their subsets. By regulating the level of IFN-γ, NK cells can influence the proportion of CD3+T cells and induce a Th1 (IFNγ)/Th2 (IL-4) imbalance.