bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune disease and the risk of anal cancer in the US population aged 66 years and over
Authors: Song Minkyo , Engels Eric A , Clarke Megan A , Kreimer Aimée R , Shiels Meredith S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
In the United States, anal squamous cell carcinoma rates have increased rapidly, particularly among women 50 or older than 66 years of age. As immunosuppression is associated with increased risk, autoimmune conditions may be associated with greater risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
We conducted a population-based, case-control study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data (2000-2017). Anal squamous cell carcinoma cases (n = 4505) were matched to 200 000 cancer-free controls. Using multivariable logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between 47 autoimmune conditions diagnosed before selection, identified using Medicare claims, and anal squamous cell carcinoma. The Bonferroni threshold was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Population attributable fractions were calculated for conditions nominally associated with anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Results
In total, 18% of anal squamous cell carcinoma cases and 15% of cancer-free controls had a diagnosed autoimmune condition. Any autoimmune condition was associated with an increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.21; population attributable fraction = 1.8%). Anal squamous cell carcinoma was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.42; population attributable fraction = 0.4%) and nominally associated (P &lt; .05) with sarcoidosis (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.30 to 3.37; population-attributable fraction = 0.2%) and psoriasis (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.56; population attributable fraction = 0.5%). Stratified by sex, only women showed statistically significant associations for systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.46 to 2.68). Statistically significant interaction was observed by sex for psoriasis (men vs women: OR = 1.68 [95% CI = 1.03 to 4.28] vs OR = 1.12 [95% CI = 0.88 to 1.43]) and polymyalgia rheumatica (OR = 0.33 [95% CI = 0.12 to 0.89] vs OR = 0.99 [95% CI = 0.75 to 1.30]).

Conclusion
Systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, and psoriasis were associated with a moderately increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Given these conditions’ rarity and moderate associations with anal squamous cell carcinoma, autoimmune diseases cannot explain the rising trend in this disease.
Osteochondral autologous transplantation for large steroid-induced osteonecrosis lesion of the knee in a young patient yielding satisfactory results despite only partial coverage: a case report
Authors: Akai Shunsuke , Iseki Tomoya , Kanto Ryo , Iseki Takuya , Onishi Shintaro , Nakao Yoshitaka , Yoshiya Shinichi , Tachibana Toshiya , Nakayama Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) is one of the most common surgical options for osteochondral disorders of the knee. In cases where OAT is performed for steroid-induced osteonecrosis, there are several problems potentially affecting the surgical outcomes such as large chondral damage area and compromised host bone. In addition, steroid administration for a long period of time may lead to extensive lesion, which poses difficulty in obtaining sufficient donor tissue. Those factors affect the prognosis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis resulting in inferior treatment outcomes. We present a young female with a large steroid-induced osteonecrosis lesion repaired only with two osteochondral plugs harvested from the healthy area. The reported case indicates that only partial osteochondral grafting limiting to the weight-bearing area may yield satisfactory outcome when OAT is performed for large steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the knee.
Ring the yield: regulation of spike architecture by an E3 ubiquitin ligase in crops
Authors: Zhao Yusheng , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: September 2023

This article comments on:Zhang J, Li C, Li L, Xi Y, Wang J, Mao X, Jing R. 2023. RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase gene TaAIRP2-1B controls spike length in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 5014–5025.
Genomic regions of durum wheat involved in water productivity
Authors: Zaïm Meryem , Sanchez-Garcia Miguel , Belkadi Bouchra , Filali-Maltouf Abdelkarim , Al Abdallat Ayed , Kehel Zakaria , Bassi Filippo M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Durum wheat is a staple food in the Mediterranean Basin, mostly cultivated under rainfed conditions. As such, the crop is often exposed to moisture stress. Therefore, the identification of genetic factors controlling the capacity of genotypes to convert moisture into grain yield (i.e., water productivity) is quintessential to stabilize production despite climatic variations. A global panel of 384 accessions was tested across 18 Mediterranean environments (in Morocco, Lebanon, and Jordan) representing a vast range of moisture levels. The accessions were assigned to water responsiveness classes, with genotypes ‘Responsive to Low Moisture’ reaching an average +1.5 kg ha–1 mm–1 yield advantage. Genome wide association studies revealed that six loci explained most of this variation. A second validation panel tested under moisture stress confirmed that carrying the positive allele at three loci on chromosomes 1B, 2A, and 7B generated an average water productivity gain of +2.2 kg ha–1 mm–1. These three loci were tagged by kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, and these were used to screen a third independent validation panel composed of elites tested across moisture stressed sites. The three KASP combined predicted up to 10% of the variation for grain yield at 60% accuracy. These loci are now ready for molecular pyramiding and transfer across cultivars to improve the moisture conversion of durum wheat.
Characteristics of gamma-ray burst afterglows in the context of non-axisymmetric structured jets
Authors: Li Jin-Da , Gao He , Ai Shunke , Lei Wei-Hua 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
As the most energetic explosions in the Universe, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are commonly believed to be generated by relativistic jets. Recent observational evidence suggests that the jets producing GRBs are likely to have a structured nature. Some studies have suggested that non-axisymmetric structured jets may be formed through internal non-uniform magnetic dissipation processes or the precession of the central engine. In this study, we analyze the potential characteristics of GRB afterglows within the framework of non-axisymmetric structured jets. We simplify the profile of the asymmetric jet as a step function of the azimuth angle, dividing the entire jet into individual elements. By considering specific cases, we demonstrate that the velocity, energy, and line-of-sight direction of each jet element can greatly affect the behaviour of the overall light curve. The radiative contributions from multiple elements may lead to the appearance of multiple distinct peaks or plateaus in the light curve. Furthermore, fluctuations in the rising and declining segments of each peak can be observed. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for future investigations into the structural characteristics of GRBs by leveraging GRB afterglow data.
The dust enrichment of early galaxies in the JWST and ALMA era
Authors: Mauerhofer Valentin , Dayal Pratika 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent observations with the JWST are yielding tantalizing hints of an early population of massive, bright galaxies at z &gt; 10, with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations indicating significant dust masses as early as z ∼ 7. To understand the implications of these observations, we use the delphi semi-analytic model that jointly tracks the assembly of dark matter haloes and their baryons, including the key processes of dust enrichment. Our model employs only two redshift- and mass-independent free parameters (the maximum star formation efficiency and the fraction of supernova energy that couples to gas) that are tuned against all available galaxy data at z ∼ 5–9 before it is used to make predictions up to z ∼ 20. Our key results are: (i) the model underpredicts the observed ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF) at z &gt; 12, observations at z &gt; 16 lie close to, or even above, a ‘maximal’ model where all available gas is turned into stars; (ii) UV selection would miss 34 per cent of the star formation rate density at z ∼ 5, decreasing to 17 per cent by z ∼ 10 for bright galaxies with ${M_{\rm UV}} \lt {-}19$; (iii) the dust mass (Md) evolves with the stellar mass (M*) and redshift as log (Md) = 1.194 log (M*) + 0.0975z − 5.433; (iv) the dust temperature increases with stellar mass, ranging between 30 and 33 K for M* ∼ 109–11 M⊙ galaxies at z ∼ 7. Finally, we predict the far-infrared LF at z ∼ 5–20, testable with ALMA observations, and caution that spectroscopic redshifts and dust masses must be pinned down before invoking unphysical extrema in galaxy formation models.
Model-agnostic cosmological constraints from the baryon acoustic oscillation feature in redshift space
Authors: Paranjape Aseem , Sheth Ravi K 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We develop a framework for self-consistently extracting cosmological information from the clustering of tracers in redshift space, without relying on model-dependent templates to describe the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) feature. Our approach uses the recently proposed Laguerre reconstruction technique for the BAO feature and its linear point rLP, and substantially extends it to simultaneously model the multipoles ℓ = 0, 2, 4 of the anisotropic galaxy 2-point correlation function (2pcf). The approach is ‘model-agnostic’: it assumes that the nonlinear growth of structure smears the BAO feature by an approximately Gaussian kernel with a smearing scale σv, but does not assume any fiducial cosmology for describing the shape of the feature itself. Using mock observations for two realistic survey configurations assuming Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM), combined with Bayesian parameter inference, we show that the linear point rLP and smearing scale σv can be accurately recovered by our method in both existing and upcoming surveys. The precision of the recovery of rLP is always better than $1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, while σv can be recovered with $\lesssim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ uncertainty provided the linear galaxy bias b is separately constrained, e.g. using weak lensing observations. Our method is also sensitive to the linear growth rate f, albeit with larger uncertainties and systematic errors, especially for upcoming surveys such as DESI. We discuss how our model can be modified to improve the recovery of f, such that the resulting constraints on {f, σv, rLP} can potentially be used as a test of cosmological models including and beyond ΛCDM.
Evolution of fullerenes in circumstellar envelopes by carbon condensation: insights from reactive molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Meng Zhisen , Wang Zhao 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Fullerenes, including C60 and C70, have been detected in various astronomical environments. Understanding how their structures evolve over time is essential for gaining insights into their life cycle and making further observations. To address this, we conducted reactive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the evolution of fullerenes in the circumstellar envelopes surrounding carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars. Our simulations employed a bottom-up chemistry scheme, wherein fullerenes grow by absorbing and condensing small carbon-based molecules. The results revealed the formation of different structures through heterogeneous reactions based on hydrogen concentration, leading to the emergence of onion-like nanostructures or single-layer fullerenes. To examine the impact of these structural changes on the infrared emission characteristics of fullerenes, we performed quantum chemical calculations. The results indicate that as fullerenes grow larger, additional emission features are introduced in the infrared spectrum. Moreover, two-layered fullerenes show noticeable blueshift or weakening effects on the bands associated with out-of-plane vibration modes.
Two mini-Neptunes transiting the adolescent K-star HIP 113103 confirmed with TESS and CHEOPS
Authors: Lowson N , Zhou G , Huang C X , Wright D J , Edwards B , Nabbie E , Venner A , Quinn S N , Collins K A , Gillen E , Battley M , Triaud A , Hellier C , Seager S , Winn J N , Jenkins J M , Wohler B , Shporer A , Schwarz R P , Murgas F , Pallé E , Anderson D R , West R G , Wittenmyer R A , Bowler B P , Horner J , Kane S R , Kielkopf J , Plavchan P , Zhang H , Fairnington T , Okumura J , Mengel M W , Addison B C 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of two mini-Neptunes in near 2:1 resonance orbits (P = 7.610303 d for HIP 113103 b and P = 14.245651 d for HIP 113103 c) around the adolescent K-star HIP 113103 (TIC 121490076). The planet system was first identified from the TESS mission, and was confirmed via additional photometric and spectroscopic observations, including a ∼17.5 h observation for the transits of both planets using ESA CHEOPS. We place ≤4.5 min and ≤2.5 min limits on the absence of transit timing variations over the 3 yr photometric baseline, allowing further constraints on the orbital eccentricities of the system beyond that available from the photometric transit duration alone. With a planetary radius of Rp =  $1.829_{-0.067}^{+0.096}$ R⊕, HIP 113103 b resides within the radius gap, and this might provide invaluable information on the formation disparities between super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. Given the larger radius Rp = $2.40_{-0.08}^{+0.10}$ R⊕ for HIP 113103 c, and close proximity of both planets to HIP 113103, it is likely that HIP 113103 b might have lost (or is still losing) its primordial atmosphere. We therefore present simulated atmospheric transmission spectra of both planets using JWST, HST, and Twinkle. It demonstrates a potential metallicity difference (due to differences in their evolution) would be a challenge to detect if the atmospheres are in chemical equilibrium. As one of the brightest multi sub-Neptune planet systems suitable for atmosphere follow up, HIP 113103 b and HIP 113103 c could provide insight on planetary evolution for the sub-Neptune K-star population.
Search for particle acceleration in two massive Wolf–Rayet stars using uGMRT observations
Authors: Saha Anindya , Tej Anandmayee , del Palacio Santiago , De Becker Michaël , Benaglia Paula , Ishwara-Chandra C H , Prajapati Prachi 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Large wind kinetic power of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars make them ideal targets in low radio frequencies to search for non-thermal emission due to relativistic particle acceleration. In this paper, we present observations of two WR stars, WR 114 and WR 142, in Band 4 (550–950 MHz) and Band 5 (1050–1450 MHz) using the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope. Neither star is detected in the observed frequency bands, nor extended emission associated with them. The upper limit to the free–free radio emission from the stellar wind enables us to constrain the mass-loss rate of WR 114 to $\lesssim \rm 10^{-5}\, M_{ \odot }\, yr^{-1}$; this is a factor three smaller than previously estimated using spectroscopic modelling. If we further assume that the WR stars are binaries, the non-detection of synchrotron emission from the putative wind collision region implies that the stars are either in very wide binary systems away from periastron, or that the stars are in close binary systems with an orbital separation &lt;70 AU for WR 114 and &lt;20 AU for WR 142. The non-detection of low-frequency radio emission from these two systems thus provides evidence that narrows their nature, though it does not rule them out as bona fide particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries.
The kinematics, metallicities, and orbits of six recently discovered Galactic star clusters with Magellan/M2FS spectroscopy
Authors: Pace Andrew B , Koposov Sergey E , Walker Matthew G , Caldwell Nelson , Mateo Mario , Olszewski Edward W , Roederer Ian U , Bailey John I , Belokurov Vasily , Kuehn Kyler , Li Ting S , Zucker Daniel B 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present Magellan/M2FS spectroscopy of four recently discovered Milky Way star clusters (Gran 3/Patchick 125, Gran 4, Garro 01, and LP 866) and two newly discovered open clusters (Gaia 9 and Gaia 10) at low Galactic latitudes. We measure line-of-sight velocities and stellar parameters ([Fe/H], log g, Teff, and [Mg/Fe]) from high-resolution spectroscopy centred on the Mg triplet and identify 20–80 members per star cluster. We determine the kinematics and chemical properties of each cluster and measure the systemic proper motion and orbital properties by utilizing Gaia astrometry. We find Gran 3 to be an old, metal-poor (mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.83) globular cluster located in the Galactic bulge on a retrograde orbit. Gran 4 is an old, metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −1.84) globular cluster with a halo-like orbit that happens to be passing through the Galactic plane. The orbital properties of Gran 4 are consistent with the proposed LMS-1/Wukong and/or Helmi streams merger events. Garro 01 is metal-rich ([Fe/H] = −0.30) and on a near-circular orbit in the outer disc but its classification as an open cluster or globular cluster is ambiguous. Gaia 9 and Gaia 10 are among the most distant known open clusters at $R_{\mathrm{GC}}\sim 18,~21.2~\mathrm{\, kpc}$ and most metal-poor with [Fe/H] ∼−0.50, −0.34 for Gaia 9 and Gaia 10, respectively. LP 866 is a nearby, metal-rich open cluster ([Fe/H] = +0.10). The discovery and confirmation of multiple star clusters in the Galactic plane shows the power of Gaia astrometry and the star cluster census remains incomplete.
JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of z = 7–9 star-forming galaxies with CEERS: new insight into bright Lyα emitters in ionized bubbles
Authors: Tang Mengtao , Stark Daniel P , Chen Zuyi , Mason Charlotte , Topping Michael , Endsley Ryan , Senchyna Peter , Plat Adèle , Lu Ting-Yi , Whitler Lily , Robertson Brant , Charlot Stéphane 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We describe new JWST/NIRSpec observations of galaxies at z ≳ 7 taken from the CEERS survey. Previous observations of this area have revealed associations of Lyα emitters at redshifts (z = 7.5, 7.7, and 8.7) where the intergalactic medium (IGM) is thought to be mostly neutral, leading to suggestions that these systems are situated in large ionized bubbles. We identify 21 z ≳ 7 galaxies with robust redshifts in the CEERS data set, including 10 in the Lyα associations. Their spectra are indicative of very highly ionized and metal poor gas, with line ratios (O32 = 17.84 and Ne3O2 = 0.89, linear scale) and metallicity ($12+\log {(\rm {O/H})}=7.84$) that are rarely seen at lower redshifts. We find that the most extreme spectral properties are found in the six z ≳ 7 Lyα emitters in the sample. Each has a hard ionizing spectrum indicating that their visibility is likely enhanced by efficient ionizing photon production. Lyα velocity offsets are found to be very large (≳300 km s−1), likely also contributing to their detectability. We find that Lyα in z ≳ 7 galaxies is 6–12 × weaker than in lower redshift samples with matched rest-optical spectral properties. If the bubbles around the Lyα emitters are relatively small (≲0.5–1 pMpc), we may expect such significant attenuation of Lyα in these ionized regions. We discuss several other effects that may contribute to weaker Lyα emission at z ≳ 7. Deep spectroscopy of fainter galaxies in the vicinity of the Lyα emitters will better characterize the physical scale of the ionized bubbles in this field.
Detectability of microlensed gravitational waves
Authors: Yeung Simon M C , Cheung Mark H Y , Seo Eungwang , Gais Joseph A J , Hannuksela Otto A , Li Tjonnie G F 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Gravitational lensing describes the bending of the trajectories of light and gravitational waves due to the gravitational potential of a massive object. Strong lensing by galaxies can create multiple images with different overall amplifications, arrival times, and image types. If, furthermore, the gravitational wave encounters a star along its trajectory, microlensing will take place. Previously, it has been shown that the effects of microlenses on strongly-lensed type-I images could be negligible in practice, at least in the low magnification regime. In this work, we study the same effect on type-II strongly-lensed images by computing the microlensing amplification factor. As opposed to being magnified, type-II images are typically demagnified. Moreover, microlensing on top of type-II images induces larger mismatches with un-microlensed waveforms than type-I images. These results are broadly consistent with recent literature and serve to confirm the findings. In addition, we investigate the possibility of detecting and analysing microlensed signals through Bayesian parameter estimation with an isolated point mass lens template, which has been adopted in recent parameter estimation literature. In particular, we simulate gravitational waves microlensed by a microlens embedded in a galaxy potential near moderately magnified type-I and II macroimages, with variable lens masses, source parameters and macromagnifcations. Generally, an isolated point mass model could be used as an effective template to detect a type-II microlensed image but not for type-I images, demonstrating the necessity for more realistic microlensing search templates.
The impermanent fate of massive stars in AGN discs
Authors: Ali-Dib Mohamad , Lin Douglas N C 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Stars are likely to form or to be captured in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs. Their mass reaches an equilibrium when their rate of accretion is balanced by that of wind. If the exchanged gas is well mixed with the stellar core, this metabolic process would indefinitely sustain an ‘immortal’ state on the main sequence (MS) and pollute the disc with He byproducts. This theoretical extrapolation is inconsistent with the super-solar α element and Fe abundances inferred from the broad emission lines in AGNs with modest He concentration. We show this paradox can be resolved with a highly efficient retention of the He ashes or the suppression of chemical blending. The latter mechanism is robust in the geometrically thin dense sub-pc regions of the disc where the embedded-stars’ mass is limited by the gap-formation condition. These stars contain a radiative zone between their mass-exchange stellar surface and the nuclear-burning core. Insulation of the core lead to the gradual decrease of its H fuel and the stars’ equilibrium masses. These stars transition to their post-MS (PostMS) tracks on a chemical evolution time-scale of a few Myr. Subsequently, the triple-α and α-chain reactions generate α and Fe byproducts which are released into their natal discs. These PostMS stars also undergo core collapse, set off type II supernova, and leave behind a few solar-mass residual black holes or neutron stars.