bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro‐inflammatory cytokines mediating senescence of vascular endothelial cells in atherosclerosis
Authors: Shang Dongsheng , Liu Hanqing , Tu Zhigang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease, and aging is a major risk factor. The accumulation of senescent vascular endothelial cells (VECs) often leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress and induces endothelial dysfunction, contributing to the occurrence and development of AS. Senescent cells can secrete a variety of pro‐inflammatory cytokines to induce the senescence of adjacent cells in a paracrine manner, leading to the transmission of signaling of cellular senescence to neighboring cells and the accumulation of senescent cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that several pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐17, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ, can induce the senescence of VECs. This review summarizes and focuses on the pro‐inflammatory cytokines that often induce the senescence of VECs and the molecular mechanisms of these pro‐inflammatory cytokines inducing senescence of VECs. Targeting the senescence of VECs induced by pro‐inflammatory cytokines may provide a potential and novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of AS.
Assessment on anisotropy degree and fracture modes for weakly anisotropic sandstone using the acoustic emission technique
Authors: Zheng Kun , Wang Chaolin , Zhao Yu , Bi Jing , Zhang Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComprehensive understanding of anisotropy characteristics and fracture modes for weakly anisotropic rocks is required for engineering safety and energy exploitation. To investigate the fracture mechanisms, the uniaxial compression testing with AE (acoustic emission) technique is implemented on the weakly anisotropic sandstone because of its capability to provide the essential and frequently‐used mechanical parameters. This research first adopts the longitudinal wave velocity and T2 spectrum to validate the weak anisotropy of the bedded sandstone. The results experimentally indicate that both uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus have a negligible dependence on different bedding orientation angles, but both permeability and macroscopic failure patterns are considerably controlled by the bedding direction. The conventional AE index analysis indicates that the tension‐dependent failure occurs in the bedded sandstone under the uniaxial compression. Interestingly, the developed k‐means clustering method is consistent with both the latest crack classification concept and macroscopic failure patterns.
Analysis on fatigue behavior of water hydraulic artificial muscles under different elastic loads in underwater environment
Authors: Zhang Zengmeng , Zhang Dewen , Che Jinkai , Xie Yuqing , Yang Yong , Gong Yongjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a novel and flexible actuator, the water hydraulic artificial muscle (WHAM) has become at the forefront of bionic robot research. In order to explore the fatigue behavior of WHAM, the lifetime of WHAM was analyzed based on the crack propagation of neoprene rubber and the S‐N curve of aramid fiber. Meanwhile, WHAM's fatigue tests were carried out, and the fatigue life exceeded 56,000 cycles under the pressure of 2 MPa and the elastic load of 1030.7 N/mm. In addition, WHAM's fatigue failure is represented as the burst of the rubber tube after fiber fracture. Moreover, heavy load aggravates fibrillation that leads to severe fracture of fibrils under similar friction, and the fatigue life of WHAM is aggravatingly shortened by the coupling of fibrillation and friction. Finally, an empirical model of fatigue life was obtained, which can predict the lifetime of WHAM.
CATCHMENT AREAS, STRATIFICATION, AND ACCESS TO BETTER SCHOOLS
Authors: Calsamiglia Caterina , Miralles Antonio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSchool Choice provides students with the opportunity to attend better schools than those in their neighborhood. This is crucial for students from disadvantaged areas where schools may be of lower quality. Our theoretical model and numerical simulations show that the widely used Deferred Acceptance (DA) algorithm has limitations in providing access to better schools (ABS). When schools have varying levels of quality and when there are priorities linked to neighborhood schools, the DA algorithm experiences significant limitations in providing ABS. Top Trading Cycles, when compared to DA, offers greater ABS, particularly for disadvantaged students.
Infections in inflammatory bowel disease patients on immunomodulator and biologic therapy are not associated with high serum drug levels
Authors: Gazelakis Kathryn , Chu Isabel , Martin Catherine , Sparrow Miles P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies now utilise higher doses of immunomodulatory and biologic therapies, predisposing patients to an increased risk of infections.AimsWe aimed to determine whether infections were associated with high anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drug levels in IBD and to quantify the risk and consequences of infections.MethodsTwo retrospective studies were performed, a descriptive cohort study and a matched case–control study. For the matched case–control study, cases of infection occurring on anti‐TNF agents were matched in a 1:2 ratio to controls of anti‐TNF treated patients without infections.ResultsIn the descriptive study, 76 infections occurred in 60 patients, including 49 bacterial, 24 viral, four fungal and four parasitic. Of these, 61 (80.3%) were on biologics, 49 (64.5%) on immunomodulators and 11 (14.5%) on corticosteroids. Thirty‐four (44.7%) were on combination therapy, 27 (35.5%) on biologic monotherapy and 15 (19.7%) on immunomodulator monotherapy. Median anti‐TNF drug levels in infection cases were 3.9 μg/mL for infliximab and 6.0 μg/mL for adalimumab. In the case–control study, 32 cases of infection in 27 anti‐TNF treated patients were matched with 64 anti‐TNF treated controls without infections. Among infection cases, 59.5% were on combination therapy versus 40.6% on biologic monotherapy (P = 0.59). Median drug levels for cases and controls respectively were 3.9 μg/mL versus 5.5 μg/mL for infliximab (P = 0.72) and 6.0 μg/mL versus 9.9 μg/mL for adalimumab (P = 0.34).ConclusionInfections in patients with IBD were common, and the risk was highest with combination therapy. Infections were not associated with high serum anti‐TNF levels.
Promoting sleep in hospitals: An integrative review of nurses' attitudes, knowledge and practices
Authors: Mohedat Heba , Somayaji Darryl 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to improving hospitalized patients' sleep.DesignIntegrative review.Data SourcesWe searched CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo electronically including a manual search of references listed within the relevant studies. Original, peer‐reviewed studies published in English between 2000 and 2022 evaluating nurses' sleep knowledge, attitudes, or practices to improve inpatients’ sleep were reviewed.Review MethodsThis review was guided by Whittemore and Knafl method and followed PRISMA guidelines to search the literature. Fifteen articles reporting nurses' sleep knowledge, attitudes or practices to improve inpatients’ sleep were included. The quality appraisal was done using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018.ResultsInadequate training of nurses regarding sleep hygiene and insufficiency in sleep‐promoting practices were apparent. Most studies reported that nurses hold positive attitudes about sleep. The acuity of patients' health conditions affected their perception of sleep priorities. Lack of organizational sleep policies/protocols and coworkers' attitudes negatively impacted nurses' motivation to implement sleep hygiene interventions. Interventions reported in the studies were reducing noise and nursing interventions at night, using a clock for time orientation, earplugs, reducing light, keeping patients awake during the daytime, maintaining comfortable room temperature and managing patients' stress. These practices were hindered by poor knowledge, negative attitudes, patients' acuity and lack of sleep assessment tools.ConclusionIt is essential to support nursing practice to improve patients' sleep in hospitals through interventions that target nurses' knowledge, attitudes and confidence towards implementing sleep hygiene interventions to improve patients' sleep and, consequently, their health outcomes during hospitalization.ImpactThis integrative review explored nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices to improve patients' sleep during hospitalization. It revealed that expanding nurses' sleep knowledge and empowering them to implement sleep promotion practices are needed. Nursing educators and leaders need to be involved.No Patient or Public ContributionThis paper is an integrative review and does not include patient or public contribution.
Embryo survival and fertility differ in lines divergently selected for birth weight homogeneity in mice
Authors: Formoso‐Rafferty Nora , El‐Ouazizi El‐Kahia Laila , Arias‐Álvarez María , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Cervantes Isabel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe selection of animals for lower environment sensitivity around the optimum trait value can also provide benefits in productivity and welfare. A divergent selection experiment for birth weight environmental variability in mice was successfully conducted over 17 generations. Animals from low variability selected line (L‐line) were more robust by having a higher litter size and survival at weaning in a common breeding environment, than those from high variability line (H‐line). The objective of this study was to analyze the differences between those divergently selected lines for embryo and fetal survival and for fertility and prolificacy rate. To study embryo survival and ovulation rate, a total of 98 females (34 H‐line and 50 L‐line) were studied in four generations of the divergent experiment. To analyze fetal survival and fertility rate, 378 female mice (138 H‐line and 240 L‐line) in 10 generations or the divergent experiment were studied. Ultrasound scans were performed at day 14 of gestation to establish the number of total fetal and the embryo absorptions. Mortality was addressed as the difference between litter size at birth and the number of fetuses at 14 days of gestation. The number of pregnant females in the first 3 days after mating was used to measure fertility. A linear model was also fitted to analyze embryo mortality, litter size, and the number of embryos at 14 days of gestation. A categorical model was then used to study fertility, including line, generation, and its interaction as effects. Despite the fact that there were no significant differences in the ovulation rate, litter size at birth was significantly higher in the L‐line than in the H‐line (9.82 vs. 8.36 pups, p < 0.001). Moreover, embryo mortality was significantly lower in the L‐line than in the H‐line (1.39 vs. 2.87 fetuses, p < 0.001). L‐line females were more fertile (53.49% vs. 23.26% for the H‐line). According to these results, the line selected for low environmental variance would be preferable for robustness and animal welfare.
Neurovascular coupling is optimized to compensate for the increase in proton production from nonoxidative glycolysis and glycogenolysis during brain activation and maintain homeostasis of pH, pCO2, and pO2
Authors: DiNuzzo Mauro , Dienel Gerald A. , Behar Kevin L. , Petroff Ognen A. , Benveniste Helene , Hyder Fahmeed , Giove Federico , Michaeli Shalom , Mangia Silvia , Herculano‐Houzel Suzana , Rothman Douglas L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring transient brain activation cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases substantially more than cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) resulting in blood hyperoxygenation, the basis of BOLD‐fMRI contrast. Explanations for the high CBF versus CMRO2 slope, termed neurovascular coupling (NVC) constant, focused on maintenance of tissue oxygenation to support mitochondrial ATP production. However, paradoxically the brain has a 3‐fold lower oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) than other organs with high energy requirements, like heart and muscle during exercise. Here, we hypothesize that the NVC constant and the capillary oxygen mass transfer coefficient (which in combination determine OEF) are co‐regulated during activation to maintain simultaneous homeostasis of pH and partial pressure of CO2 and O2 (pCO2 and pO2). To test our hypothesis, we developed an arteriovenous flux balance model for calculating blood and brain pH, pCO2, and pO2 as a function of baseline OEF (OEF0), CBF, CMRO2, and proton production by nonoxidative metabolism coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Our model was validated against published brain arteriovenous difference studies and then used to calculate pH, pCO2, and pO2 in activated human cortex from published calibrated fMRI and PET measurements. In agreement with our hypothesis, calculated pH, pCO2, and pO2 remained close to constant independently of CMRO2 in correspondence to experimental measurements of NVC and OEF0. We also found that the optimum values of the NVC constant and OEF0 that ensure simultaneous homeostasis of pH, pCO2, and pO2 were remarkably similar to their experimental values. Thus, the high NVC constant is overall determined by proton removal by CBF due to increases in nonoxidative glycolysis and glycogenolysis. These findings resolve the paradox of the brain's high CBF yet low OEF during activation, and may contribute to explaining the vulnerability of brain function to reductions in blood flow and capillary density with aging and neurovascular disease.image
Association between HIF‐1α, BNIP3, and autophagy in the chorionic villi of missed abortion
Authors: Kou Junna , Yuan Enwu , Yan Guangwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the expression of autophagy mediated by the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α)/BNIP3 signaling pathway in villus tissues of missed abortion and HTR‐8/SVneo cells and to elucidate the association of HIF‐1α and BNIP3 in autophagy of missed abortion.MethodsVillus tissues from 30 healthy women with induced abortion and 35 patients with missed abortion were collected, and HTR‐8/SVneo cells were cultured under hypoxia and transfected with HIF‐1α‐siRNA. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to measure the mRNA levels of HIF‐1α and BNIP3; Western blotting was performed to determine the protein levels of HIF‐1α, BNIP3, LC3 II/I, and Beclin 1 in villus tissues and HTR‐8/SVneo cells. Cellular invasion activity was detected by transwell matrigel assay. The level of autophagy was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of autophagosome formation.ResultsThe mRNA levels of HIF‐1α and BNIP3 were significantly lower in the missed abortion villi than in the induced abortion samples. The protein levels of HIF‐1α, BNIP3, Beclin 1, and LC3II/I were significantly decreased in villus tissues from missed abortion, and autophagosomes were significantly decreased in villus tissues from missed abortion. Under hypoxia, the mRNA expression of HIF‐1α and BNIP3 was inhibited after silencing HIF‐1α by RNAi, while the protein expression of HIF‐1α, BNIP3, Beclin1, and LC3II/I was significantly downregulated. The number of invading cells was significantly decreased, and autophagosomes were significantly decreased after silencing HIF‐1α by RNAi in HTR‐8/SVneo cells.ConclusionsAutophagy mediated by the HIF‐1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway in villous trophoblast cells may be associated with the progression and development of missed abortion.
Cementum protein 1 gene‐modified adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets enhance periodontal regeneration in osteoporosis rat
Authors: Wang Meijie , He Mengjiao , Xu Xiongcheng , Wu Zekai , Tao Jing , Yin Fan , Luo Kai , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOsteoporosis (OP) and periodontitis are both diseases with excessive bone resorption, and the number of patients who suffer from these diseases is expected to increase. OP has been identified as a risk factor that accelerates the pathological process of periodontitis. Achieving effective and safe periodontal regeneration in OP patients is a meaningful challenge. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and biosecurity of human cementum protein 1 (hCEMP1) gene‐modified cell sheets for periodontal fenestration defect regeneration in an OP rat model.Materials and MethodsRat adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rADSCs) were isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats. After primary culture, rADSCs were subjected to cell surface analysis and multi‐differentiation assay. And rADSCs were transduced with hCEMP1 by lentiviral vector, and hCEMP1 gene‐modified cell sheets were generated. The expression of hCEMP1 was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry staining, and transduced cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8. The hCEMP1 gene‐modified cell sheet structure was detected by histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Osteogenic and cementogenic‐associated gene expression was evaluated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, an OP rat periodontal fenestration defect model was used to evaluate the regeneration effect of hCEMP1 gene‐modified rADSC sheets. The efficacy was assessed with microcomputed tomography and histology, and the biosecurity of gene‐modified cell sheets was evaluated by histological analysis of the spleen, liver, kidney and lung.ResultsThe rADSCs showed a phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells and possessed multi‐differentiation capacity. The gene and protein expression of hCEMP1 through lentiviral transduction was confirmed, and there was no significant effect on rADSC proliferation. Overexpression of hCEMP1 upregulated osteogenic and cementogenic‐related genes such asrunt‐related transcription factor 2,bone morphogenetic protein 2,secreted phosphoprotein 1 and cementum attachment proteinin the gene‐modified cell sheets. The fenestration lesions in OP rats treated with hCEMP1 gene‐modified cell sheets exhibited complete bone bridging, cementum and periodontal ligament formation. Furthermore, histological sections of the spleen, liver, kidney and lung showed no evident pathological damage.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrates that hCEMP1 gene‐modified rADSC sheets have a marked ability to enhance periodontal regeneration in OP rats. Thus, this approach may represent an effective and safe strategy for periodontal disease patients with OP.
Sclerostin deficiency effectively promotes bone morphogenetic protein‐2‐induced ectopic bone formation
Authors: Nakamura Keigo , Koide Masanori , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Yamashita Teruhito , Matsushita Mai , Yasuda Hisataka , Ishihara Yuichi , Yoshinari Nobuo , Udagawa Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSevere periodontitis causes alveolar bone resorption, resulting in tooth loss. Developments of tissue regeneration therapy that can restore alveolar bone mass are desired for periodontal disease. The application of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) has been attempted for bone fractures and severe alveolar bone loss. BMP‐2 reportedly induces sclerostin expression, an inhibitor of Wnt signals, that attenuates bone acquisition. However, the effect of sclerostin‐deficiency on BMP‐2‐induced bone regeneration has not been fully elucidated. We investigated BMP‐2‐induced ectopic bones in Sost‐knockout (KO) mice.MethodsrhBMP‐2 were implanted into the thighs of C57BL/6 (WT) and Sost‐KO male mice at 8 weeks of age. The BMP‐2‐induced ectopic bones in these mice were examined on days 14 and 28 after implantation.ResultsImmunohistochemical and quantitative RT‐PCR analyses showed that BMP‐2‐induced ectopic bones expressed sclerostin in osteocytes on days 14 and 28 after implantation in Sost‐Green reporter mice. Micro‐computed tomography analysis revealed that BMP‐2‐induced ectopic bones in Sost‐KO mice showed a significant increased relative bone volume and bone mineral density (WT = 468 mg/cm3, Sost‐KO = 602 mg/cm3) compared with those in WT mice on day 14 after implantation. BMP‐2‐induced ectopic bones in Sost‐KO mice showed an increased horizontal cross‐sectional bone area on day 28 after implantation. Immunohistochemical staining showed that BMP‐2‐induced ectopic bones in Sost‐KO mice had an increased number of osteoblasts with osterix‐positive nuclei compared with those in WT mice on days 14 and 28 after implantation.ConclusionSclerostin deficiency increased bone mineral density in BMP‐2‐induced ectopic bones.
Impact of sleep chronotype on in‐laboratory polysomnography parameters
Authors: Colelli David R. , Dela Cruz Gio R. , Kendzerska Tetyana , Murray Brian J. , Boulos Mark I. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryMorningness–eveningness preference, also known as chronotype, is the tendency for a person to sleep during certain hours of the day and is broadly categorised into morning and evening types. In‐laboratory polysomnography (iPSG) is the gold‐standard to assess sleep, however, an individual's chronotype is not accounted for in current protocols, which may confound collected sleep data. The objective of our study was to assess if chronotype had an association with sleep physiology. Patients who completed the diagnostic iPSG and the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), which categorises patients into morning type, neither or evening type, were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess if chronotype was associated with sleep quality, duration, and physiology during iPSG. The study sample included 2612 patients (mean age of 53.6 years, 48% male) recruited during 2010–2015. Morning type, compared with neither type, was significantly associated with an increase in total sleep time and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and a decrease in sleep onset latency and the arousal index. Evening type, compared with neither type, was significantly associated with a decrease in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and REM sleep, and an increase in sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. Additionally, iPSG lights out time was significantly different between the different chronotypes. Overall, a morningness chronotype was associated with favourable sleep quality and duration while an eveningness chronotype was associated with reduced sleep quality. Our study quantifies the association of chronotype with iPSG metrics and suggests that laboratory protocols should consider chronotype in their evaluations.