bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium structure of Intoshia linei (Orthonectida)
Authors: Skalon Elizaveta K. , Starunov Viktor V. , Bondarenko Natalya I. , Slyusarev George S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrthonectids are enigmatic parasitic bilaterians whose exact position on the phylogenetic tree is still uncertain. Despite ongoing debate about their phylogenetic position, the parasitic stage of orthonectids known as “plasmodium” remains underexplored. There is still no consensus on the origin of the plasmodium: whether it is an altered host cell or a parasitic organism that develops in the host extracellular environment. To determine the origin of the orthonectid parasitic stage, we studied in detail the fine structure of the Intoshia linei orthonectid plasmodium using a variety of morphological methods. The orthonectid plasmodium is a shapeless multinucleated organism separated from host tissues by a double membrane envelope. Besides numerous nuclei, its cytoplasm contains organelles typical for other bilaterians, reproductive cells, and maturing sexual specimens. Reproductive cells, as well as developing orthonectid males and females, are covered by an additional membrane. The plasmodium forms protrusions directed to the surface of the host body and used by mature individuals for egress from the host. The obtained results indicate that the orthonectid plasmodium is an extracellular parasite. A possible mechanism for its formation might involve spreading parasitic larva cells across the host tissues with subsequent generation of a cell‐within‐cell complex. The cytoplasm of the plasmodium originates from the outer cell, which undergoes multiple nuclear divisions without cytokinesis, while the inner cell divides, giving rise to reproductive cells and embryos. The term “plasmodium” should be avoided and the term “orthonectid plasmodium” could be temporarily used instead.
Studies on the synthesis, spectroscopy, thermal properties, docking, and biology of new Schiff base and its mono‐ and binuclear complexes
Authors: Abou‐Melha Khlood 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel Schiff base has been synthesized from the condensation of the 3‐formyl‐2‐hydroxybenzoic acid and 4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diamine. The new ligand was found to have two coordination sites. So, it has the capability to form mono‐ and binuclear complexes with different metal ions. The free ligand and its mono‐ and binuclear cobalt(II) complexes have been characterized by UV–Visible spectra, IR, elemental analyzes, H1 NMR, conductimetric, thermal, and magnetic measurements. Results indicated that the cobalt(II) ion is attached to the inside coordination site and the second metal ion attached to the outside coordination site. The complexes are all non‐electrolytes, as demonstrated by the molar conductance tests. The thermodynamic parameters of the metal complexes are calculated using Horowitz Metzger and Coats‐Redfern methods. The complexes' bonding properties have also been estimated. Molecular docking was employed to forecast the interaction of the prepared with the Candida‐albicans receptor (1zap). The biological activities of these metal complexes were tested against some bacteria and fungi. It is evident from the biological screening data that the prepared Co(II) binuclear complexes exhibit predominant activity against Candida albicans, Penicillium oxalicum and Escherichia coli, while they have no activity against Micrococcus roseus and Micrococcus luteus.
Antibody response to the third dose of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH): A longitudinal cohort
Authors: Zeng Guang , He Fei , Zhang Xiaomin , Li Guilian , Wang Xiaohui , Gan Yongxia , Zheng Chenli , Tang Jie , Xu Liumei , Zhao Jin , Feng Shuidong , Yang Zhengrong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe immunogenicity induced by the third dose of inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) is unclear, and relevant literature is extremely scarce. It is important to add evidence on the humoral immune response induced by the third dose of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in PLWH. We collected peripheral venous blood for spike receptor binding domain‐protein specific immunoglobulin G (S‐RBD‐IgG) antibody tests at 28 days after the second dose (T1), 180 days after the second dose (T2) and 35 days after the third dose (T3) of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines in PLWH. The differences in S‐RBD‐IgG antibody levels and specific seroprevalence among T1, T2, and T3 time periods were analyzed, and the effects of age, vaccine brand, and CD4+T cell count on the levels and specific seroprevalence of S‐RBD‐IgG antibody induced by the third dose in PLWH were examined. The third dose of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines induced strong S‐RBD‐IgG antibody responses in PLWH. The levels and specific seroprevalence of S‐RBD‐IgG antibody were significantly higher than those at 28 and 180 days after the second dose and were not affected by vaccine brand or CD4+T cell count. Younger PLWH produced higher levels of S‐RBD‐IgG antibody. The third dose of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine showed good immunogenicity in PLWH. It is necessary to popularize the third dose in the PLWH population, especially PLWH who do not respond to two doses of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines. Meanwhile, the durability of the protection provided by the third dose in PLWH must be continuously monitored.
Detection of human papillomavirus in fresh and dried urine through an automated system for cervical cancer screening in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Tanzi Elisabetta , Bianchi Silvia , Fappani Clara , Gori Maria , Colzani Daniela , Passera Ilaria , Tincati Camilla , Canuti Marta , Raviglione Mario , Amendola Antonella 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe majority of cervical cancer cases and associated deaths occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), where sociocultural barriers, poor access to prevention and care, and technical and practical difficulties hinder screening coverage improvement. Using urine specimens for human papillomaviruses (HPV) molecular screening through automated testing platforms can help to overcome these problems. We evaluated the high‐risk (HR) HPV detection performance of the Xpert® HPV test on GeneXpert® System (Cepheid), on fresh and dried urine (Dried Urine Spot [DUS]) samples as compared to an in‐house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping assay. Forty‐five concentrated urine samples collected from women with known cytological and HPV infection status, determined through in‐house PCR and genotyping assays, were tested “as is” and as DUS with the Xpert® HPV test. This system detected HR‐HPV in 86.4% of fresh and in 77.3% of dried urine samples collected from HPV+ women, correctly identifying HR‐HPV infection in 100% of women with low‐ and high‐grade lesions. High concordance (91.4%, k = 0.82) was found between PCR test and Xpert® HPV Test from urine. Urine‐based Xpert® HPV test seems to be a suitable screening test for detection of HR‐HPV infections associated with low‐ and high‐grade lesions requiring follow‐up monitoring or treatment. This methodology, relying on noninvasively collected samples and on available rapid testing platforms, could facilitate large, at‐scale screening programs, particularly in LMICs and rural areas, thus reducing adverse outcomes of HPV infection and facilitating achievement of the WHO cervical cancer elimination goal.
Application of creatinine height index in patients with trauma for the evaluation of psoas muscle mass: A clinical validation study
Authors: Stolarski Allan E. , Wee Katherine , Young Lorraine , LeBedis Christina , Kim Jiyoun , Remick Daniel G. , Bistrian Bruce , Burke Peter A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe creatinine height index (CHI) is an estimate of lean body mass. We hypothesize that a modified CHI estimate using serum creatinine (sCr) levels in patients with normal renal function when performed soon after injury would reflect preinjury protein nutrition status.MethodsThe urine CHI (uCHI) was calculated using the 24‐h urine sample. The serum‐derived estimated CHI (sCHI) was calculated using the sCr on admission. Correlation between abdominal computed tomography images at specific lumbar vertebral levels and total body fat and muscle content was used for comparison as an independent measurement of nutrition status unlikely to be substantially altered by trauma.ResultsA total of 45 patients were enrolled, all with a significant injury burden (median injury severity score [ISS] = 25; interquartile range, 17–35). The calculated sCHI on admission was 71.0% (SD = 26.9%) and likely underestimates the CHI when compared with uCHI (mean = 112.5%, SD = 32.6%). Stratifying by degree of stress demonstrated that in a group of 23 moderately and severely stressed patients, uCHI (mean = 112.7%, SD = 5.7%) and sCHI (mean = 60.8%, SD = 1.9%) were significantly different and without correlation (r = −0.26, P = 0.91). In patients without stress, there was a significant negative correlation between sCHI and psoas muscle area (r = −0.869, P = 0.03), and in patients with severe stress there was a significant positive correlation between uCHI and psoas muscle area (r = 0.733, P = 0.016).ConclusionThe CHI calculated from the initial sCr is not an appropriate estimate of uCHI in critically ill trauma patients and is not a valid measure of psoas muscle mass in this setting.
Comparison of the effect of extraction methods on waste cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) flowers: metabolic profile, bioactive components, antioxidant, and α‐amylase inhibition
Authors: Ma Lei , Dong Ruidan , Peng Jun , Tian Xinquan , Fang Dan , Xu Shuangjiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDWaste cotton flowers, as a by‐product of cotton cultivation, are enriched with bioactive substances that render them a promising natural source of health‐promoting benefits. In this study, ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), and conventional extraction (CE) approaches were applied to extract bioactive compounds from waste cotton flowers, and the metabolic profiles, bioactive components, antioxidants, and α‐amylase inhibition of different extractions were systematically analyzed and compared.RESULTSIt was observed that UAE and CE extracts had similar metabolic profiles compared with SWE. The flavonoids and amino acids and derivatives were more prone to be extracted by UAE and CE, whereas phenolic acids tended to accumulate in SWE extract. The UAE extract had the highest amounts of total polyphenols (214.07 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram dry weight) and flavonoids (33.23 mg rutin equivalents per gram dry weight) as well as the strongest inhibition on oxidation (IC50 = 10.80 μg mL−1) and α‐amylase activity (IC50 = 0.62 mg mL−1), indicating that chemical composition was closely related to biological activity. Additionally, microstructures and thermal behaviors of the extracts were investigated and highlighted the ability of UAE.CONCLUSIONOverall, it can be concluded that UAE is an efficient, green, and economical extraction method to produce bioactive compounds from cotton flowers, and the UAE extracts could be used in food and medicine industries because of their high antioxidant and α‐amylase inhibitory activity. This study provides a scientific basis for the development and comprehensive utilization of cotton by‐products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Interior micro‐defect induced cracking mechanism and life prediction of carburized Cr−Ni steel based on double nonlinear damage under variable amplitude loading
Authors: Deng H. , Kang H. , Guo Y. , Guo Y. , He X. , Yu H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe constant/variable amplitude loading fatigue test with interior inclusion‐fine granular area‐fisheye induced failure under R=0 were carried out on carburized Cr−Ni steel. The results showed that the fatigue life under variable amplitude loading is longer than that under constant amplitude loading in very‐high‐cycle fatigue regime under same maximum stress level, and the surface morphology of fine granular area under variable amplitude loading is coarser than that under constant amplitude loading under same order of magnitude of fatigue life. Simultaneously, it can be determined that the formation micro‐mechanism of fine granular area is caused by the continuous deboning due to stress concentration around interior micro‐defects. Furthermore, the life prediction model based on double nonlinear fatigue damage, which considers the coupling effect of local equivalent stress (surface residual stress and local stress concentration effect), loading sequence, failure mechanism and nonlinear characteristics of fatigue damage under constant/variable amplitude loading is established, and predicted life has good accuracy within the factor‐of‐three lines.
Understanding and targeting resistance mechanisms in cancer
Authors: Lei Zi‐Ning , Tian Qin , Teng Qiu‐Xu , Wurpel John N. D. , Zeng Leli , Pan Yihang , Chen Zhe‐Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The reduced responsiveness of cancer cells is a multifaceted phenomenon that can arise from genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors. Various mechanisms have been discovered and extensively studied, including drug inactivation, reduced intracellular drug accumulation by reduced uptake or increased efflux, drug target alteration, activation of compensatory pathways for cell survival, regulation of DNA repair and cell death, tumor plasticity, and the regulation from tumor microenvironments (TMEs). To overcome cancer resistance, a variety of strategies have been proposed, which are designed to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment or reduce drug resistance. These include identifying biomarkers that can predict drug response and resistance, identifying new targets, developing new targeted drugs, combination therapies targeting multiple signaling pathways, and modulating the TME. The present article focuses on the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer and the corresponding tackling approaches with recent updates. Perspectives on polytherapy targeting multiple resistance mechanisms, novel nanoparticle delivery systems, and advanced drug design tools for overcoming resistance are also reviewed.
Non‐Motor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients withPRRT2‐Related Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia
Authors: Ekmen Asya , Doulazmi Mohamed , Méneret Aurélie , Jegatheesan Prasanthi , Hervé Anais , Damier Philippe , Gras Domitille , Roubertie Agathe , Piard Juliette , Mutez Eugenie , Tarrano Clément , Welniarz Quentin , Vidailhet Marie , Worbe Yulia , Gallea Cécile , Roze Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundMonoallelic pathogenic variants ofPRRT2often result in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Little is known about health‐related quality of life (HrQoL), non‐motor manifestations, self‐esteem, and stigma in patients with PKD.ObjectivesWe investigated non‐motor symptoms and how they related to HrQoL in a genetically homogeneous group ofPRRT2‐PKD patients. We paid special attention to perceived stigmatization and self‐esteem.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 21 consecutive PKD patients with a pathogenic variant ofPRRT2, and 21 healthy controls matched for age and sex. They were evaluated with dedicated standardized tests for non‐motor symptoms, HrQoL, anxiety, depression, stigma, self‐esteem, sleep, fatigue, pain, and psychological well‐being.ResultsPatients reported an alteration of the physical aspects of HrQoL, regardless of the presence of residual paroxysmal episodes. Non‐motor manifestations were frequent, and were an important determinant of the alteration of HrQoL. In addition, patients perceived a higher level of stigmatization which positively correlated with a delay in diagnosis (ρ = 0.615,P = 0.003) and the fear of being judged (ρ = 0.452,P = 0.04), but not with the presence of paroxysmal episodes (ρ = 0.203,P = 0.379).ConclusionsOur findings have important implications for care givers concerning patient management and medical education about paroxysmal dyskinesia.PRRT2‐PKD patients should be screened for non‐motor disorders in routine care. A long history of misdiagnosis may play a role in the high level of perceived stigmatization. Improving knowledge about diagnostic clues suggestive of PKD is mandatory.
Effect of carbon nanotubes on curing characteristics of low energy electron beam curing CFRPs
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Liang Sen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow energy electron beam (E‐Beam) curing process has been considered a promising fabrication technology in high‐efficiency and low‐cost OOA curing, but still not been widely used in industrial applications, mainly limited by the poor mechanical properties of the CFRP resulting from the poor toughness of the low‐energy E‐Beam curable resin. This paper extended the excellent effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) toughened resin to the E‐Beam curable resin system, and focused on the influence law and mechanism of CNTs on the curing characteristics of the resin. Theoretical analysis showed that the carboxylated CNTs affect the curing characteristics by participating in the chain transfer link of the cationic curing process. According to the DSC experimental results, the activation energy of the curing reaction of the resin were reduced from 136.2 kJ·mol−1 without adding CNTs to 123.9 kJ·mol−1, 118.3 kJ·mol−1, 112.8 kJ·mol−1 and 105.8 kJ·mol−1 at 0.25 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.75 wt.% and 1 wt.% of CNTs adding amount respectively, due to which the curing degree of the E‐Beam curable CFRPs were improved with the increase of CNTs contents. Considering the E‐Beam dose attenuation and its influence on curing characteristics, prepregs were irradiated single‐sided or both sided for efficient preparation of E‐Beam cured CFRP components subsequently, for which the curing degree along the prepreg thickness were investigated through the curing reaction kinetic models and DSC experiments. This study will provide research basis for parameter optimization of CNTs contents, and performance improvement of E‐Beam cured CNTs/CFRP.
Economic growth and poverty reduction: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries
Authors: Mogess Yohannes Kefale , Eshete Zerayehu Sime , Alemaw Abadi Teferi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries have registered outstanding economic growth in recent decades. However, poverty is still pervasive, deep, and severe in the region. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the recent economic growth on poverty reduction in 27 SSA countries using a new dynamic panel data set. Adopting System GMM estimation, this study found that economic growth has been associated with poverty reduction. Also, the previous level of poverty had an intense impact on the prevalent poverty status in the region. Moreover, although nonmonetary measures and income measures of poverty produce similar results (showing a reduction in poverty), nonincome poverty, especially destitution data, suggest that SSA countries are poorer even than previously understood. We suggest that SSA countries should promote a policy of income‐enhancing (i.e., economic growth) to ramp up poverty reduction.
The effect of medicinal plants on cirrhosis: A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Amini Sepide , Bagherniya Mohammad , Butler Alexandra E. , Askari Gholamreza , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMedicinal plants with minimal side effects, low cost, and liver‐protective effects can be a suitable treatment option for cirrhosis. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of herbal medicines on cirrhosis, a life‐threatening liver disease. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for clinical trials that investigated the effect of medicinal plants on cirrhosis. This review includes 11 clinical trials, of which eight studies including 613 patients assessed the effect of silymarin on cirrhosis. Three of six studies showed the beneficial effects of silymarin on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Two studies including 118 patients investigated the effect of curcumin on cirrhosis, one showing improvement in quality of life and the other showing improvements in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), and the international normalized ratio (INR). An article including four patients investigated the effect of ginseng on cirrhosis; two patients reported improvement in the Child‐Pugh score, and ascites decreased in two. All studies included here reported no or negligible side effects. Results showed that medicinal plants including silymarin, curcumin, and ginseng have beneficial effects on cirrhosis. However, due to the limited number of studies, further high‐quality studies are warranted.
RumexWeeds: A grassland dataset for agricultural robotics
Authors: Güldenring Ronja , van Evert Frits K. , Nalpantidis Lazaros 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComputer vision can lead toward more sustainable agricultural production by enabling robotic precision agriculture. Vision‐equipped robots are being deployed in the fields to take care of crops and control weeds. However, publicly available agricultural datasets containing both image data as well as data from navigational robot sensors are scarce. Our real‐world dataset RumexWeeds targets the detection of the grassland weeds: Rumex obtusifolius L. and Rumex crispus L. RumexWeeds includes whole image sequences instead of individual static images, which is rare for computer vision image datasets, yet crucial for robotic applications. It allows for more robust object detection, incorporating temporal aspects and considering different viewpoints of the same object. Furthermore, RumexWeeds includes data from additional navigational robot sensors—GNSS, IMU and odometry—which can increase robustness, when additionally fed to detection models. In total the dataset includes 5510 images with 15,519 manual bounding box annotations collected at three different farms and four different days in summer and autumn 2021. Additionally, RumexWeeds includes a subset of 340 ground truth pixels‐wise annotations. The dataset is publicly available at https://dtu-pas.github.io/RumexWeeds/. In this paper we also use RumexWeeds to provide baseline weed detection results considering a state‐of‐the‐art object detector; in this way we are elucidating interesting characteristics of the dataset.