bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of ventricular arrhythmias following implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator generator change in patients with recovered ejection fraction: Implications for shared decision‐making
Authors: Chang Donald D. , Pantlin Peter G. , Benn Francis A. , Ryan Gullatt T. , Bernard Michael L. , Elise Hiltbold A. , Khatib Sammy , Polin Glenn M. , Rogers Paul A. , Velasco‐Gonzalez Cruz , Morin Daniel P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionGuidelines indicate primary‐prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) for most patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%. Some patients' LVEFs improve during the life of their first ICD. In patients with recovered LVEF who never received appropriate ICD therapy, the utility of generator replacement upon battery depletion remains unclear. Here, we evaluate ICD therapy based on LVEF at the time of generator change, to educate shared decision‐making regarding whether to replace the depleted ICD.MethodsWe followed patients with a primary‐prevention ICD who underwent generator change. Patients who received appropriate ICD therapy for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) before generator change were excluded. The primary endpoint was appropriate ICD therapy, adjusted for the competing risk of death.ResultsAmong 951 generator changes, 423 met inclusion criteria. During 3.4 ± 2.2 years follow‐up, 78 (18%) received appropriate therapy for VT/VF. Compared to patients with recovered LVEF > 35% (n = 161 [38%]), those with LVEF ≤ 35% (n = 262 [62%]) were more likely to require ICD therapy (p = .002; Fine‐Gray adjusted 5‐year event rates: 12.7% vs. 25.0%). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the optimal LVEF cutoff for VT/VF prediction to be 45%, the use of which further improved risk stratification (p < .001), with Fine‐Gray adjusted 5‐year rates 6.2% versus 25.1%.ConclusionFollowing ICD generator change, patients with primary‐prevention ICDs and recovered LVEF have significantly lower risk of subsequent ventricular arrhythmias compared to those with persistent LVEF depression. Risk stratification at LVEF 45% offers significant additional negative predictive value over a 35% cutoff, without a significant loss in sensitivity. These data may be useful during shared decision‐making at the time of ICD generator battery depletion.
Efficacy of adjunctive measures in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review
Authors: Liñares Antonio , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Dopico José , Molina Ana , Blanco Juan , Montero Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of patient‐performed or administered adjunctive measures to non‐surgical peri‐implantitis therapy in terms of probing depth (PD) and/or bleeding on probing (BoP) reductions.Materials and MethodsRandomized and controlled clinical trials with at least 6 months of follow‐up were searched in three databases. Secondary outcomes included implant loss, disease resolution, recurrence of peri‐implantitis, need of re‐treatment, changes in marginal bone levels, patient‐reported outcomes and adverse effects.ResultsOf 567 titles, 10 publications, reporting 9 investigations, were included. Three types of adjunctive measures were found (local/systemic antimicrobials and probiotics). Four studies evaluated the effects of local antimicrobials (i.e., minocycline microspheres, chlorhexidine chips or a metronidazole + amoxicillin gel), three studies evaluated systemic antimicrobials (either amoxicillin + metronidazole or metronidazole alone) and two studies evaluated probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri strains). The addition of local antimicrobials led to modest improvements in PD reduction. Systemic antimicrobials showed significantly greater reductions in PD and BoP, especially at initially deep sites (PD > 6 mm). Due to the large heterogeneity among included studies, no meta‐analyses were performed.ConclusionsDifferent adjunctive measures in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis have different impact in terms of PD and BoP reductions. Improved PD reductions result after the use of systemic antimicrobials, and to a lesser extent, after the use of local antimicrobials.
Weaving Evidence into Action for Veterans with Dementia (WEAVE): Evaluation of implementation into long‐term care practice
Authors: Meyer Claudia , Golenko Xanthe , Cyarto Elizabeth V. , O'Keefe Fleur , Bonney Gwen , Min Mina , Alrababah Safa , Robinson Elizabeth , Lowthian Judy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRationaleVeterans living with dementia in long‐term care have complex needs, with variable manifestation of symptoms of dementia that interact with their lived experience. Best practice dementia care prioritises nonpharmacological interventions; of which few have strong evidence. Implementation of evidence is complex, with evaluation of outcomes and processes necessary.Aims and ObjectivesThis paper details the evaluation of implementation, at veteran and organisational level, of the Weaving Evidence into Action for Veterans with Dementia (WEAVE) programme.MethodsA Type 2 hybrid effectiveness‐implementation design was used, underpinned by the Implementation Framework for Aged Care (IFAC). Programme intervention incorporated music therapy, exercise, reminiscence therapy and/or sensory modulation, offered over a 24‐week period. Evaluation components included: (1) programme effectiveness for veterans with dementia for responsive behaviour, physical wellbeing, cognitive status, emotional state, medications and falls (at baseline, 8‐week, 16‐week and 24‐week); and (2) implementation outcomes of reach and adoption, feasibility and acceptability, fidelity (via interviews) and a preliminary cost analysis.ResultsThirty‐eight veterans participated in the 24‐week programme, with high levels of engagement in interventions of their choice. Statistically significant improvements were seen across all veteran‐level outcome measures, for functional capacity and reduced neuro‐psychiatric and depressive symptoms. Ten staff members were interviewed, highlighting co‐designed core elements were feasible and acceptable, and the momentum generated by resident and staff enthusiasm. Cost analysis included costs of programme set‐up and running the 24‐week intervention.ConclusionKey components of programme success were the therapeutic leaders, adherence to core elements of programme design, and veterans' choice in meaningful activity. Cost analysis supports deliberations for upscale across further care homes.
Open‐label, single‐arm, single‐center clinical study on the effectiveness and safety of a moisturizer containing tocotrienol‐rich composition in children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: How Kang Nien , Chang Hon Weng , Lai Oi Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about antioxidant efficacy of topical vitamin E on atopic dermatitis (AD) due to lack of controlled clinical studies.AimThe study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of a topical moisturizer containing tocotrienol‐rich composition over 12 weeks on patients aged between 1 month and 12 years with mild to moderate AD.MethodsWe conducted a 12 weeks, prospective, open‐label clinical study on the effect of tocotrienol as an adjunct to conventional treatment. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subject. JKEUPM‐2019‐274 (NMMR‐19‐1588‐49234).ResultsThirty AD patients with a mean age of 2.77 ± 3.05 were enrolled in the study. At week‐12, significant reduction of investigator global assessment (63.4%), Patient‐Oriented Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index (PO‐SCORAD) (65%), and SCORAD (52.3%) was noted (p < 0.05). There was also a significant decreased in pruritus intensity (46%, p < 0.05). Similarly at week‐12, Infant's Dermatitis Quality of Life Index and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index were found to improve significantly compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Instrumental assessment revealed improvement in TEWL and erythema index, 49.7% and 17.4%, respectively. No adverse reaction was observed. 95% of patients were satisfied with the moisturizer and 90% perceived it to be better than the one in the market. There was a 55.07% reduction in the use of hydrocortisone 1% cream toward the end of the study (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results suggested that tocotrienol‐rich moisturizer is safe and effective in the management of AD in young children.
Effect of dietary krill oil supplementation on horse red blood cell membrane fatty acid composition and blood parameters
Authors: Nyquist Nicole Frost , Burri Lena , Jensen Rasmus Bovbjerg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSupplementation with marine‐derived n−3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n−3) is linked to beneficial health effects in both humans and horses. Krill oil (KO), which is extracted from the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), is well documented as a safe and biologically available dietary supplement in humans and several animal species, but there is a lack of documentation regarding its effect as a dietary ingredient for horses. The objective of this study was to test whether KO as a dietary supplement had the ability to raise horse red blood cell (RBC) membrane EPA and DHA, expressed as the n−3 index. Five nonworking Norwegian cold‐blooded trotter horse geldings (body weight [BW]: 567 ± 38 kg) were supplemented with KO (10 mL/100 kg BW) for 35 days in a longitudinal study. Blood samples were analysed for RBC membrane fatty acid (FA) profile, haematology and serum biochemistry every 7th day. KO was well accepted by all horses, and no adverse health effects were observed during the 35‐day trial period. KO supplementation affected the RBC membrane FA profile by increasing the n−3 index from Day 0 to 35 (Day 0: 0.53% vs. Day 35: 4.05% of total RBC FAs). The observed increase in the sum of EPA and DHA (p < 0.001), total n−3 FAs (p < 0.001) and the reduction of n−6 FAs (p < 0.044) resulted in a lower n–6:n−3 ratio (p < 0.001) by Day 35 of KO supplementation. In conclusion, the RBC n−3 index was increased and the general n−6:n−3 ratio was decreased in horses receiving 35‐day dietary KO supplementation.
Reasons for Leaving: Causes and Initial Triggers for Disaffiliation from Orthodox Judaism
Authors: Miles Rona , Chavarga Alla , Hirsch Estee , Eisen Pesach , Keller Yehudis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvestigating both the causes and initial triggers for disaffiliation from Orthodox Judaism is an important part of understanding the complex lived experiences of exiters. This study documents an extensive number of causes for leaving Orthodox Judaism, as well as initial triggers, a less‐often investigated, yet important component of disaffiliation. Using an online survey, over 700 open‐ended responses were collected from 303 participants who self‐identified as having grown up practicing Orthodox Judaism but had since stopped practicing. Content analysis was used to organize responses, resulting in distinct categories that fit into two themes: intellectual and social‐emotional, the former more often reported by males and the latter by females. The most commonly reported causes and initial triggers, respectively, were issues with the community and lack of belief in Torah and Orthodoxy. Our results give voice to exiters by documenting nuanced accounts of the full disaffiliation journey, beginning with the initial trigger.
An interview with Professor Barbara Comber
Authors: Comber Barbara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs part of this special issue on ‘Literacy for social justice’, and at this moment of post‐pandemic transitions in education, we invited Professor Barbara Comber to reflect on the needs for and trends in critical literacy education, both in her local context, in Australia, and internationally. In September 2022, we met with Barbara online to discuss her thoughts about what critical literacy educators need, how scholars and educators can work together to produce change, and where we can see hope in critical literacy and social justice education right now, as part of promising anti‐racist, decolonizing, and intersectional literacy frameworks and practices.
Evolutionary consequences of loss of sexual reproduction on male‐related traits in parthenogenetic lineages of the pea aphid
Authors: Defendini Hélène , Rimbault Maud , Mahéo Frédérique , Cloteau Romuald , Denis Gaëtan , Mieuzet Lucie , Outreman Yannick , Simon Jean‐Christophe , Jaquiéry Julie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransition from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis constitutes a major life‐history change with deep evolutionary consequences for sex‐related traits, which are expected to decay. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum shows intraspecific reproductive polymorphism, with cold‐resistant cyclically parthenogenetic (CP) lineages that alternate sexual and asexual generations and cold‐sensitive obligately parthenogenetic (OP) lineages that produce only asexual females but still males. Here, the genotyping of 219 pea aphid lineages collected in cold‐winter and mild‐winter regions revealed contrasting population structures. Samples from cold‐winter regions consisted mostly of distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) usually represented by a single sample (101 different MLGs for 111 samples) and were all phenotyped as CP. In contrast, fewer MLGs were found in mild‐winter regions (28 MLGs for 108 samples), all but one being OP. Since the males produced by OP lineages are unlikely to pass on their genes (sexual females being rare in mild‐winter regions), we tested the hypothesis that their traits could degenerate due to lack of selection by comparing male production and male reproductive success between OP and CP lineages. Male production was indeed reduced in OP lineages, but a less clear pattern was observed for male reproductive success: females mated with OP males laid fewer eggs (fertilized or not) but OP and CP males fertilized the same proportion of eggs. These differences may stem from the type of selective forces: male production may be counter‐selected whereas male performances may evolve under the slower process of relaxed selection. The overall effective reproductive capacity of OP males could result from recent sex loss in OP lineages or underestimated reproductive opportunities.
Parental effects in a filamentous fungus: Phenotype, fitness and mechanism
Authors: Villalba de la Peña Mariana , Summanen Pauliina A. M. , Moghadam Neda N. , Kronholm Ilkka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn nature, organisms have to cope with constantly changing environments. In certain conditions, it may be advantageous for the parents to pass on information about the environment, or resources to their offspring. Such transfers are known as parental effects, and they are well documented in plants and animals, but not in other eukaryotes, such as fungi. Many fungi disperse through spores, and fungal spores can potentially carry information or resources to the next generation. Understanding parental effects and their evolutionary consequences in fungi is of vital importance as they perform crucial ecosystem functions. In this study, we investigated whether parental effects are present in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, how long do they last, whether the effects are adaptive, and what is their mechanism. We performed a fully factorial match/mismatch experiment for a good and a poor quality environment, in which we measured the initial growth of strains that experienced either a matched or mismatched environment in their previous generation. We found a strong silver‐spoon effect in initial mycelium growth, which lasted for one generation, and increased fitness during competition experiments. By using deletion mutants that lacked key genes in epigenetic processes, we show that epigenetic mechanisms are not involved in this effect. Instead, we show that spore glycogen content, glucose availability and a radical transcription shift in spores are the main mechanisms behind this parental effect.
Learning new words via feedback—Association between feedback‐locked ERPs and recall performance—An exploratory study
Authors: Albrecht Christine , van de Vijver Ruben , Bellebaum Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFeedback learning is thought to involve the dopamine system and its projection sites in the basal ganglia and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), regions associated with procedural learning. Under certain conditions, such as when feedback is delayed, feedback‐locked activation is pronounced in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which is associated with declarative learning. In event‐related potential research, the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) has been linked to immediate feedback processing, while the N170, possibly reflecting MTL activity, has been related to delayed feedback processing. In the current study, we performed an exploratory investigation on the relation between N170 and FRN amplitude and memory performance in a test for declarative memory (free recall), also exploring the role of feedback delay. To this end, we adapted a paradigm in which participants learned associations between non‐objects and non‐words with either immediate or delayed feedback, and added a subsequent free recall test. We indeed found that N170, but not FRN amplitudes, depended on later free recall performance, with smaller amplitudes for later remembered non‐words. In an additional analysis with memory performance as dependent variable, the N170, but not the FRN amplitude predicted free recall, modulated by feedback timing and valence. This finding shows that the N170 reflects an important process during feedback processing, possibly related to expectations and their violation, but is distinct from the process reflected by the FRN.
The perils of embedded experiments
Authors: Drèze Jean 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is growing interest in experiments conducted by researchers and policymakers as a team. The attraction of these ‘embedded experiments’ is that they seem to facilitate speedy translation of research into policy. This approach, however, can trivialise public policy and compromise the independence of the researchers. It is also a fountain of ethical dilemmas including consent issues, conflicts of interest and compensation norms. The perils of embedded experiments, and possible safeguards, are discussed with the help of a case study.
Deterministic Optimization Approach for High-Performance Externally Fired Biomass-Fueled Micro-Gas Turbines
Authors: Bollas Konstantinos D. , Efstathiadis Theofilos G. , Kalfas Anestis I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work focuses on a dual-objective optimization of a 100 kWe externally fired micro-gas turbine utilizing the producer gas from a biomass gasifier. Although externally fired micro-gas turbines are convenient for resolving operability issues in biomass combined heat and power applications, these configurations are still lacking in efficiency compared to the commercial natural-gas fired microturbines. The main cause is the material temperature limitations in the recuperator and the current uneconomical use of high-temperature resistance materials. Toward the achievement of higher efficiency by keeping system economic viability, an optimization process is followed based on the Normal Constraint Method, which generates evenly distributed solutions of a Pareto front. The selected method can determine high-performance solutions, being unidentified by one-dimensional approaches, providing information about the distribution of critical cycle parameters, across the complete objective space by the evaluation of a relatively small set of Pareto points. These critical parameters are the pressure ratio, the recuperator temperature difference, and maximum temperature. The exergetic efficiency and the relative recuperator cost are the optimization objectives. The deterministic Nelder–Mead algorithm is used for the acquisition of Pareto solutions, along with a penalty-based method to perform the constrained optimization. The implemented optimization method can identify superior solutions compared to one-dimensional approaches, as the latter result in higher recuperator costs around 41–112% at the same exergetic efficiency, revealing that high-performance is not only restricted by the recuperator but also by the compressor operating range.
Effects of High Rotational Speed on Leakage and Windage Heating of Staggered Labyrinth Seals With Smooth and Honeycomb Lands
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Guoqing , Li Ang , Zhang Shen , Li Hui , Lu Xingen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Being an important component of aero-engines, the labyrinth seal has always been the focus of research for leakage characteristics. Rotation is usually neglected or taken for minimal effect on seal leakage in previous studies. However, the effect of high rotational speed is inevitable to understand the leakage characteristics of labyrinth seal accurately. Meanwhile, due to high rotational speed, viscous heat is generated massively to result in the rapid temperature rise of leakage flow. Also, the influence of rotational speed on windage heating inside the seal clearance has not been indicated completely. Therefore, the leakage and windage heating of staggered labyrinth seals with smooth and honeycomb lands were experimentally and numerically studied. The large-scale and multifunctional sealing test rig were employed to carry out the experiments with rotational speed 12,000 rpm and pressure ratio range 1.1–2.2. The simulation data obtained by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics methodology show great agreement with experimental results. Notably, the leakage coefficient is not monotonically decreasing with increased rotational speed, but exists a maximum peak at RPM = 8000. The variation of axial kinetic energy in seal clearance entrances provides a clear explanation of the phenomenon. Rotational speed plays an important role in windage heating, and honeycomb cell size is of secondary importance. Based on simulation data, the calculating formula of windage heating is fitted and shows great performance. This study can provide theory and data support for the follow-up structural optimum design of the labyrinth seal.
Peeling of Finite-Length Plates From an Elastomeric Foundation: A 1D Cylindrical Bending Solution
Authors: Plaut Raymond H. , Dillard David A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Quasi-static peeling of a finite-length, flexible, horizontal, one-dimensional (1D) plate (strip, thin film) from a horizontal, thin, elastomeric layer (foundation) is considered. The displaced end of the plate is subjected to an upward deflection or to a rotation. The top of the interlayer is perfectly bonded to the plate, and its lower surface is bonded to a rigid, flat substrate. A transversality (debonding) condition is derived for peeling, based on the common fracture mechanics approach. Whereas debonding from a Winkler foundation can be expressed in terms of the displacement (or equivalently the foundation stress2) at the bond termination, the sixth-order formulation required for elastomeric foundations involves a more complex debonding criterion. Transversality relationships are used to describe this limit state (here the onset of debonding) in terms of co-state variables, herein the deflection and slope at the peel front. In the analysis, bending is assumed to be paramount, linear Kirchhoff–Love (classical) plate theory is used to model the deformation, and therefore displacements are assumed to be small. The foundation is linearly elastic and incompressible. The effects of the work of adhesion, the length of the plate, and the initial nonbonded length of the plate are investigated. The results are compared to those for a Winkler foundation. By replacing the shear modulus of the interlayer by viscosity, and displacements by their time derivatives, the results are expected to apply to viscous liquid interlayers as well.