bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the FOCUS ADHD App in monitoring adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Roberto , Haas Letícia M. , Zeni Gregory , Victor Marcelo M. , Techele Stefania P. , Marrone Castanho Júlia , Meneghetti Coimbra Isabel , de Freitas de Sousa Anthony , Ceretta Nathalia , Garrudo Alia , Grevet Eugenio Horacio , Rohde Luis Augusto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The current investigation assessed a) the performance of the FOCUS ADHD mobile health application (App) in increasing pharmacological treatment adherence and improving patients’ knowledge of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and b) the impact of implementing a financial incentive for using the App (i.e., a discount on medication).

Methods
In a randomized, blind, parallel-group clinical trial, 73 adults diagnosed with ADHD were allocated into three groups for 3 months: a) Pharmacological treatment as usual (TAU); b) TAU and the App (App Group); and c) TAU and the App + a commercial discount on the purchase of medication prescribed for ADHD treatment (App + Discount Group).

Results
There was no significant difference in mean treatment adherence between groups, assessed as a medication possession ratio (MPR). However, the App + Discount Group exhibited greater medication intake registrations compared with the App Group during the initial phase of the trial. The financial discount also produced a 100% App adoption rate. App use did not increase ADHD knowledge, though knowledge scores were high at baseline. The usability and quality of the App were rated favorably.

Conclusions
The FOCUS ADHD App achieved a high adoption rate and positive evaluations by users. Use of the App did not increase adherence to treatment as measured by MPR, but, for App users, the addition of a financial incentive to use the App produced an increase in treatment adherence in terms of medication intake registrations. The present results offer encouraging data for combining incentives with mobile digital health solutions to positively impact treatment adherence in ADHD.
Clinical Validation of Plasma-Based Genotyping for RAS and BRAF V600E Mutation in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: SCRUM-Japan GOZILA Substudy
Authors: Aoki Yu , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Denda Tadamichi , Ohta Takashi , Esaki Taito , Shiozawa Manabu , Yamaguchi Kensei , Yamazaki Kentaro , Sunakawa Yu , Kato Takeshi , Okano Naohiro , Taniguchi Hiroya , Sato Taro , Oki Eiji , Nishina Tomohiro , Komatsu Yoshito , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Goto Masahiro , Yasui Hisateru , Ohtsubo Koushiro , Moriwaki Toshikazu , Takahashi Naoki , Horita Yosuke , Boku Shogen , Wakabayashi Masashi , Ikeno Takashi , Mitani Ryuta , Yuasa Mihoko , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) genotyping on the basis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) may guide targeted therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the validity of NGS-based ctDNA genotyping for RAS/BRAF V600E mutation assessment and the efficacy of anti-EGFR and BRAF-targeted therapies on the basis of ctDNA results remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS The performance of NGS-based ctDNA genotyping for RAS/BRAF V600E mutation assessment was compared with that of a validated polymerase chain reaction–based tissue testing in patients with mCRC enrolled in the GOZILA study, a nationwide plasma genotyping study. The primary end points were concordance rate, sensitivity, and specificity. The efficacy of anti-EGFR and BRAF-targeted therapies on the basis of ctDNA were also evaluated. RESULTS In 212 eligible patients, the concordance rate, sensitivity, and specificity were 92.9% (95% CI, 88.6 to 96.0), 88.7% (95% CI, 81.1 to 94.0), and 97.2% (95% CI, 92.0 to 99.4) for RAS and 96.2% (95% CI, 92.7 to 98.4), 88.0% (95% CI, 68.8 to 97.5), and 97.3% (95% CI, 93.9 to 99.1) for BRAF V600E, respectively. In patients with a ctDNA fraction of ≥1.0%, sensitivity rose to 97.5% (95% CI, 91.2 to 99.7) and 100% (95% CI, 80.5 to 100.0) for RAS and BRAF V600E mutations, respectively. In addition to a low ctDNA fraction, previous chemotherapy, lung and peritoneal metastases, and interval between dates of tissue and blood collection were associated with discordance. The progression-free survival of anti-EGFR therapy and BRAF-targeted treatment was 12.9 months (95% CI, 8.1 to 18.5) and 3.7 (95% CI, 1.3 to not evaluated) months, respectively, for matched patients with RAS/BRAF V600E results by ctDNA. CONCLUSION ctDNA genotyping effectively detected RAS/BRAF mutations, especially with sufficient ctDNA shedding. Clinical outcomes support ctDNA genotyping for determining the use of anti-EGFR and BRAF-targeted therapies in patients with mCRC.
Neurologic Manifestations of Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Disorders
Authors: Diesing T. Scott 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
A tie between nutritional or gastrointestinal and neurologic disease has been recognized for centuries. Many gastrointestinal disorders are associated with neurologic disease through nutritional, immune-mediated, or degenerative pathophysiologies. This article reviews neurologic disorders in patients with gastrointestinal disease and gastrointestinal manifestations in their own neurologic patients.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Development of new gastric and bariatric surgical procedures and the widespread use of over-the-counter gastric acid–reducing medications continue to create vitamin and nutritional deficiencies despite modern diet and supplementation. Some supplements, such as vitamin A, vitamin B6, and selenium, themselves are now found to cause disease. Recent work has shown extraintestinal and neurologic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Chronic brain damage in liver disease has been recognized, and the opportunity to intervene may exist in the covert beginning stages. The characterization of gluten-related neurologic symptoms and differentiation from those of celiac disease is an evolving body of work.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Gastrointestinal and neurologic diseases related to common immune-mediated, degenerative, or infectious mechanisms are common and can coexist in the same patient. Furthermore, gastrointestinal disease may cause neurologic complications because of nutritional inadequacies, malabsorption, and hepatic dysfunction. In many cases, the complications are treatable but have subtle or protean presentations. Therefore, the consulting neurologist must be current in knowledge of the growing ties between gastrointestinal and neurologic disease.
Neurologic Manifestations of Rheumatologic Disease
Authors: Toledano Michel 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
This article describes the neurologic manifestations of systemic rheumatologic disorders.

Latest Developments
Although most have historically been classified as autoimmune disorders, rheumatologic diseases are increasingly conceptualized as distributed along a spectrum with various contributions of autoimmune (adaptive immune dysregulation) and autoinflammatory (innate immune dysregulation) mechanisms. Our evolving understanding of systemic immune-mediated disorders has been accompanied by an expansion in our differential diagnoses and therapeutic options.

Essential Points
Rheumatologic disease involves both autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms. Neurologic symptoms can be the first manifestation of these disorders, and familiarity with the systemic manifestations of specific diseases is essential to establish the correct diagnosis. Conversely, knowledge of the neurologic syndromes that are most likely to be associated with specific systemic disorders can help narrow the differential and increase confidence when attributing a neuropsychiatric symptom to an underlying systemic disorder.
Neurologic Complications of COVID-19
Authors: Gill Christine , Cho Tracey A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article describes the spectrum of neurologic complications occurring in acute or postacute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as the neurologic risks and benefits of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, reports of neurologic complications of COVID-19 began to surface. A variety of neurologic conditions have since been reported in association with COVID-19. Understanding of the underlying mechanism of COVID-19 neurologic involvement continues to evolve; however, the evidence seems to suggest that aberrant inflammatory responses may play a role. In addition to neurologic symptoms in acute COVID-19, neurologic post–COVID-19 conditions are increasingly recognized. The development of COVID-19 vaccines has been essential in preventing the spread of COVID-19. With increasing numbers of vaccine doses administered, various neurologic adverse events have been reported.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Neurologists must be aware of the potential acute, postacute, and vaccine-associated neurologic complications associated with COVID-19 and be poised to serve as integral members of multidisciplinary care teams for patients with COVID-19–related conditions.
Neurologic Complications of Cardiac and Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Mainali Shraddha 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
The heart and lungs work as a functional unit through a complex interplay. The cardiorespiratory system is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and energy substrates to the brain. Therefore, diseases of the heart and lungs can lead to various neurologic illnesses. This article reviews various cardiac and pulmonary pathologies that can lead to neurologic injury and discusses the relevant pathophysiologic mechanisms.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
We have lived through unprecedented times over the past 3 years with the emergence and rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the effects of COVID-19 on the lungs and heart, an increased incidence of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and stroke associated with cardiorespiratory pathologies has been observed. Newer evidence has questioned the benefit of induced hypothermia in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Further, global collaborative initiatives such as the Curing Coma Campaign are underway with the goal of improving the care of patients with coma and disorders of consciousness, including those resulting from cardiac and pulmonary pathologies.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
The neurologic complications of cardiorespiratory disorders are common and present in various forms such as stroke or hypoxic and anoxic injury related to cardiac or respiratory failure. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologic complications have increased in recent years. Given the intimate and interdependent dynamics of the heart, lungs, and brain, it is crucial for neurologists to be aware of the interplay between these organs.
“The Coast Is Not Kenya”:Mwambaoin a “Moment of Danger” in Lamu
Authors: Mahajan Nidhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article examines the multiple, diverse renderings of the past that came to the fore in the Indian Ocean port city of Lamu at the groundbreaking of the Lamu Port, South Sudan, Ethiopia Transport and Economic Development Corridor (LAPSSET) project in 2012. This infrastructural project includes a megaport and a freight corridor that would make Lamu the Indian Ocean terminus for a rail-land bridge. In Lamu, the LAPSSET project produced anxieties and questions about the past, where different historical narratives—of belonging, sovereignty, and autochthony—bubbled up to the surface. Focusing on two groups in Lamu and the wider Swahili coast, the first a coalition of civil society organizations called Save Lamu and second, the Mombasa Republican Council, a secessionist group, this essay examines the resurgence of older modes of coastal nationalism or mwambao. This article argues that coastal nationalism enshrined notions of Indian Ocean belonging, where the “nation” was defined by the coast's history in the larger Indian Ocean rather than the Kenyan nation-state. These Indian Ocean imaginaries were at the center of cleavages between state and society when construction for LAPSSET began in 2012, gesturing to how sovereignty remains unsettled in coastal East Africa.
Prevalence, causes and impacts of human trafficking in Asian countries: A scoping review
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Kamaluddin Mohammad Rahim , Meyappan Saravanan , Manap Jamiah , Rajamanickam Ramalinggam 
Published: June 2023

Background: In Asian countries, human trafficking is often encountered as forced labor, forced marriage, sex trafficking, men, women, and children exploitation. This review points out how human trafficking activities are prevalent in Asian countries and also reveals different causes that are the basis of increasingly human trafficking in Asian countries such as poverty, unemployment, political uncertainty, war, natural disaster, corruption and weak policies. Human trafficking also creates huge health, physical, psychological and social implications on individuals and the overall society. Methods: The purpose of this study is to collect evidence on human trafficking in Asian countries. A scoping review methodology was used to systematically search online databases including Sage Journals Online, Wiley Online, Hein Online, Taylor & Francis Online, Web of Science, and Scopus literature to amalgamate information on this issue. For the purposes of this article, 64 studies met the inclusion criteria after searching and screening a total number of 1,278 studies. Results: The findings of this study were classified under three categories: prevalence of human trafficking in Asia, causes of human trafficking in Asia (poverty and unemployment, environmental and manmade disaster, weak policies and corruption), and impacts of human trafficking including social, health, physical, psychological impacts. Conclusion: Keeping in mind the prevalence and impacts of human trafficking, the author also recommends some meaningful and practical steps for policymakers and researchers to effectively tackle human trafficking in Asian countries.
Nigella sativa L. seed extracts promote wound healing progress by activating VEGF and PDGF signaling pathways: An in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Palanisamy Chella Perumal , Alugoju Phaniendra , Jayaraman Selvaraj , Poompradub Sirilux 
Published: June 2023

Background: A significant area of clinical research is the development of natural wound healing products and the management of chronic wounds. Healing wounds with medicinal plants has been a practice of ancient civilizations for centuries. Nigella sativa L (N. sativa) is a medicinal plant that has several pharmacological properties. Methods: The present study evaluated the wound healing properties of Nigella sativa L. (N. sativa) seed extracts using normal cell lines such as normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were analyzed through western blot analysis. Furthermore, computational analyses were carried out to screen the potential bioactive compounds for wound healing applications. Results: The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay revealed that, all the tested solvent extracts of N. sativa seeds (including ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and petroleum ether) did not exert any cytotoxic effects at the tested concentrations. Furthermore, the western blot analysis showed elevated levels of VEGF and PDGF upon treatment with N. sativa seed extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of N. sativa extracts identified 268 phytocompounds. Molecular docking studies revealed that three phytocompounds of N. sativa extracts, including tricyclo[20.8.0.0(7,16)]triacontane, 1(22),7(16)-diepoxy-, adaphostin and obeticholic acid had strong binding affinity with wound healing-related target proteins, showing docking scores ranging from -5.5 to -10.9 Kcal/mol. These compounds had acceptable Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) properties. Conclusions: Based on these results, N. sativa seed extracts might possess potential wound healing properties owing to the presence of a wide range of bioactive components.
Integrative transcriptomic and proteomic study of Zika viral infection reveals potential mechanisms for oncolytic therapy in neuroblastoma
Authors: Sherwood Matt , Zhou Yilu , Sui Yi , Wang Yihua , Skipp Paul , Kaid Carolini , Gray Juliet , Okamoto Keith , Ewing Rob M. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Paediatric neuroblastoma and brain tumours account for a third of all childhood cancer-related mortality. High-risk neuroblastoma is highly aggressive and survival is poor despite intensive multi-modal therapies with significant toxicity. Novel therapies are desperately needed. The Zika virus (ZIKV) is neurotropic and there is growing interest in employing ZIKV as a potential therapy against paediatric nervous system tumours, including neuroblastoma. Methods: Here, we perform extensive analysis of ZIKV infection studies to identify molecular mechanisms that may govern the oncolytic response in neuroblastoma cells. We summarise the neuroblastoma cell lines and ZIKV strains utilised and re-evaluate the infection data to deduce the susceptibility of neuroblastoma to the ZIKV oncolytic response. Integrating transcriptomics, interaction proteomics, dependency factor and compound datasets we show the involvement of multiple host systems during ZIKV infection. Results: We identified that most paediatric neuroblastoma cell lines are highly susceptible to ZIKV infection and that the PRVABC59 ZIKV strain is the most promising candidate for neuroblastoma oncolytic virotherapy. ZIKV induces TNF signalling, lipid metabolism, the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and downregulates cell cycle and DNA replication processes. ZIKV is dependent on sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-regulated lipid metabolism and three protein complexes; V-ATPase, ER Membrane Protein Complex (EMC) and mammalian translocon. We propose ZIKV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B) as a likely mediator of ZIKVs interaction with IRE1-mediated UPR, lipid metabolism and mammalian translocon. Conclusions: Our work provides a significant understanding of ZIKV infection in neuroblastoma cells, which will facilitate the progression of ZIKV-based oncolytic virotherapy through pre-clinical research and clinical trials.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling of compounds similar to paracetamol from zinc database: an in silico analysis
Authors: Kamakia Faith , Ouma Stephen , Kagia Richard 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Paracetamol is the most used drug for the management of pain and as an antipyretic through its mechanism of action on Cox 1,2 and 3 receptors. Paracetamol is a lipid-soluble molecule that can pass through the Blood Brain Barrier. Paracetamol has been formulated differently to ensure the optimal onset and duration of action as both analgesic and as antipyretic. Paracetamol overdose is associated with major side effects such as liver damage through its metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone Imine. Methods: This study generated zinc compounds that are similar in structure to Paracetamol through Ligand-based virtual screening. Molecular docking of these compounds to Cox 1, 2, and 3 receptors followed through Structure-based virtual screening. Compounds with better docking scores to these receptors were analyzed for pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles. Results: ZINC01714506; 0.986; ZINC01714507; 0.986; and ZINC00394165; 0.987 showed the highest docking scores to cox 3 receptor with probability scores of -6.7kcal/mol, -6.4 and -6.2 kcal/ mol as compared to Paracetamol with -5.3kcal/mol. ZINC01714507; 0.986; ZINC01714506; 0.986; and ZINC00394165; 0.987; showed higher docking scores to Cox 2 with docking scores of -8.3kcal.mol, -8.1kcal/mole and -8.0 kcal/mol compared to paracetamol with -6.6kcal/mol. ZINC00394165; 0.987; ZINC00406627; 0.980; and ZINC01714506; 0.986; showed highest docking scores to Cox-1 than paracetamol with scores of -7.7kcal/mol, -7.6 and-7.6kcal/mol. ZINC01714506; 0.986 was predicted the safest with oral LD50 of 2000mg/kg as compared to paracetamol’s 338mg/kg. ZINC00294715; 0.980, ZINC01747085; 0.985, ZINC00394165; 0.987, ZINC00406627; 0.980, ZINC01557001; 0.987 and ZINC19281575; 0.992 were predicted hepatoactive. ZINC00294715; 0.980; ZINC01557001; 0.987; and ZINC19281575; 0.992; lack Blood Brain Barrier permeation. All compounds showed high GIT absorption and all conform to Lipinski’s rule of five. Conclusion: ZINC01557001; 0.987; ZINC01714506; 0.986; ZINC34120167; 0.994; ZINC00394165; 0.987, ZINC01714507; 0.986; and ZINC01747085; 0.985; are promising in drug discovery for new analgesic and antipyretic drugs, based on better docking scores and better oral LD50
Formação, docência e autoria: pensando o ensino-aprendizagem de história – Entrevista com Ilmar Rohloff de Mattos
Authors: Silva Daniel Pinha , Rangel Marcelo De Mello 
Published: June 2023

Entrevista. Revista Maracanan, PPGH/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, n. 32 - Dossiê "Teoria da história, ensino de história e universidade: diálogos e perspectivas", p. 16-35, jan.-abr. 2023.
‘Into the fire’: a focus group study of redeployed staff during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Green Laura , Murphy Fiona , Davies Alice 
Published: June 2023

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, redeployed staff whose services were temporarily suspended were offered a range of opportunities for work to support efforts to manage the impact of the pandemic. A new team, known as the Cygnets was established within an existing team SWAN, to provide non-specialist end of life and bereavement care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to evaluate new services and one important component of this is understanding the perceptions of those staff who took on the new role. Aim: To evaluate the service from the perspectives of staff. Method: A purposive sample of 14 NHS staff who had worked as Cygnets during the COVID-19 pandemic took part in three focus groups. Results: The themes identified broadly followed the focus group schedule. Participants considered that overall, they had benefited greatly from the challenge of taking on the Cygnet role, and that this had been a learning experience. Conclusions: This was a rapid response to a need for increased provision of compassionate end-of-life care and was a beneficial experience for staff. More research is required into the broader value of the role within the hospital infrastructure.