bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of multi-mineral-component digital core based on Res-Unet
Authors: Sun Pengxiao , Ge Lizhen , Liu Yingxian , Li Bingke , Nie Xin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As the exploration of oil and gas moves further into less conventional reservoirs, effective methods are required for the fine evaluation of complex formations, particularly digital core models with multiple mineral components. The current technology cannot directly produce digital core images with multiple minerals. Therefore, image segmentation has been widely used to create digital multi-mineral core images from computed tomography (CT) images. The commonly used image segmentation methods do not provide satisfactory CT images of complex rock formations. Consequently, deep learning algorithms have been successfully applied for image segmentation. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to develop an accurate digital core model with multiple mineral components based on the Res-Unet neural network. CT images of glutenite and the corresponding results of quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy are used as a training dataset for the automatic segmentation of CT core images. The used quantitative metrics show that compared with the multi-threshold and U-Net segmentation methods, the Res-Unet network leads to better results of mineral morphology and distribution recognition. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposed Res-Unet-based segmentation model is an effective tool for creating three-dimensional digital core models with multiple mineral components.
A case of perforated Meckel’s diverticulitis tethered to the umbilicus associated with a urachal remnant
Authors: Woods Christopher , Whitehead-Clarke Thomas , Stevenson Benita , Patel Nirav , Kulendran Myutan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMeckel’s diverticulum (MD) occurs in 2% of the population and is often asymptomatic. It is an embryological remnant of the oomphalomesenteric duct and can be associated with another embryonic structure—the urachus. A 23-year-old male presented with generalized abdominal pain and fever on a background of chronic abdominal pain and recurrent urinary infections. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed an inflamed MD. Next day, the patient deteriorated and was taken to theatre. The MD was found to be both perforated and tethered to the umbilicus, which itself was directly related to an abnormal extra-peritoneal structure—shown to be a urachal remnant. Such cases pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Young males with chronic abdominal pain and recurrent urinary infections should be thoroughly investigated for such pathology. Laparoscopic approach to such cases should be undertaken with caution due to possible umbilical tethering.
Constraining νΛCDM with density-split clustering
Authors: Paillas Enrique , Cuesta-Lazaro Carolina , Zarrouk Pauline , Cai Yan-Chuan , Percival Will J , Nadathur Seshadri , Pinon Mathilde , de Mattia Arnaud , Beutler Florian 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe dependence of galaxy clustering on local density provides an effective method for extracting non-Gaussian information from galaxy surveys. The two-point correlation function (2PCF) provides a complete statistical description of a Gaussian density field. However, the late-time density field becomes non-Gaussian due to non-linear gravitational evolution and higher-order summary statistics are required to capture all of its cosmological information. Using a Fisher formalism based on halo catalogues from the Quijote simulations, we explore the possibility of retrieving this information using the density-split clustering (DS) method, which combines clustering statistics from regions of different environmental density. We show that DS provides more precise constraints on the parameters of the νΛCDM model compared to the 2PCF, and we provide suggestions for where the extra information may come from. DS improves the constraints on the sum of neutrino masses by a factor of 7 and by factors of 4, 3, 3, 6, and 5 for Ωm, Ωb, h, ns, and σ8, respectively. We compare DS statistics when the local density environment is estimated from the real or redshift-space positions of haloes. The inclusion of DS autocorrelation functions, in addition to the cross-correlation functions between DS environments and haloes, recovers most of the information that is lost when using the redshift-space halo positions to estimate the environment. We discuss the possibility of constructing simulation-based methods to model DS clustering statistics in different scenarios.
Local stellar formation history from the 40 pc white dwarf sample
Authors: Cukanovaite E , Tremblay P-E , Toonen S , Temmink K D , Manser Christopher J , O’Brien M W , McCleery J 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We derive the local stellar formation history from the Gaia-defined 40 pc white dwarf sample. This is currently the largest volume-complete sample of white dwarfs for which spectroscopy is available, allowing for classification of the chemical abundances at the photosphere, and subsequently accurate determination of the atmospheric parameters. We create a population synthesis model and show that a uniform stellar formation history for the last ≈10.5 Gyr provides a satisfactory fit to the observed distribution of absolute Gaia G magnitudes. To test the robustness of our derivation, we vary various assumptions in the population synthesis model, including the initial mass function, initial-to-final mass relation, kinematic evolution, binary fraction, and white dwarf cooling time-scales. From these tests, we conclude that the assumptions in our model have an insignificant effect on the derived relative stellar formation rate as a function of look-back time. However, the onset of stellar formation (age of Galactic disc) is sensitive to a variety of input parameters including the white dwarf cooling models. Our derived stellar formation history gives a much better fit to the absolute Gaia G magnitudes than most previous studies.
A journey from the hard to the soft state: How do QPOs evolve in the 2021 outburst of GX 339–4?
Authors: Stiele H , Kong A K H 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTWe investigated the snapshots of five NICER observations of the black hole transient GX 339–4 when the source transited from the hard state into the soft state during its outburst in 2021. In this paper, we focused our study on the evolution of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and noise components using power-density spectra. In addition, we derived hardness ratios by comparing count rates above and below 2 keV. The evolution from the hard to the soft state was a somewhat erratic process, showing several transitions between states that are dominated by top-flat noise and can show type-C QPOs; those that are dominated by red noise and can show type-B QPOs. From the parameters that we studied, we only found a strong correlation between the hardness ratio and the type of QPO observed. This implies that the appearance of type-B QPOs is related to a change in the accretion geometry of the system that also reflects in altered spectral properties. We also observed that the type-B QPO forms from or disintegrates into a broad peaked feature when the source comes out of or goes to the hard intermediate state, respectively. This implies some strong decoherence in the process that creates this feature.
Spatial distributions and kinematics of shocked and ionized gas in M17
Authors: Zhu Feng-Yao , Wang Junzhi , Yan Yaoting , Zhu Qing-Feng , Li Juan 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTMassive stars are formed in molecular clouds, and produce H ii regions when they evolve onto the main sequence. The expansion of H ii region can both suppress and promote star formation in the vicinity. M17 H ii region is a giant cometary H ii region near many massive clumps containing starless and protostellar sources. It is an appropriate target to study the effect of feedback from previously formed massive stars on the nearby star-forming environments. Observations of SiO 2-1, HCO+ 1-0, H13CO+ 1-0, HC3N 10-9, and H41 α lines are performed toward M17 H ii region with ambient candidates of massive clumps. In the observations, the widespread shocked gas surrounding M17 H ii region is detected: it probably originates from the collision between the expanding ionized gas and the ambient neutral medium. Some massive clumps are found in the overlap region of the shock and dense-gas tracing lines while the central velocities of shocked and high-density gases are similar. This suggests that part of massive clumps are located in the shell of H ii region, and may be formed from the accumulated neutral materials in the shell. In addition, by comparing the observations towards M17 H ii region with the simulation of cometary H ii region, we infer the presence of one or more massive stars travelling at supersonic velocity with respect to the natal molecular cloud in the H ii region.
2317. Persistent Bacterial Carriage and Hospital Transmission Detected by Whole Genome Sequence Surveillance
Authors: Sundermann Alexander , Griffith Marissa , Waggle Kady , Snyder Graham , Van Tyne Daria , Marsh Jane , Harrison Lee 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Healthcare-associated infections can be acquired via transmission of pathogens within the healthcare setting. Often, patients are assumed to have short duration (&lt; 90 days) of transmissibility with bacterial pathogens after developing a clinical infection. This assumption may wrongly exclude patients as sources of transmission when they have persistent bacterial carriage. We studied patients with persistent carriage and associated transmission using whole genome sequencing surveillance.

Methods
Patient culture positive isolates for select bacterial pathogens between 11/2016 and 11/2019 were collected if the patient was housed in the hospital for ≥3 days or had a recent healthcare exposure in the prior 30 days. Isolates were considered genetically related with ≤15 SNPs for all organisms except C. difficile (≤2 SNPs). Patients with serial isolates separated by &gt;100 days were examined for other patients with related isolates and epidemiological commonalities between the first and last culture dates.

Results
There were 779 related isolates from 369 unique patients (range 2-11 isolates/patient). The mean time from first to last culture date was 81.9 days (median 33 days, range 1-899 days) (Figure 1). 77 patients had isolates that were related to another patient of which 18 (23%) patients had &gt;100 days between their first and last isolate (median 216, range 103-899). Of these, 9 (50%) patients had epidemiological links with another patient between their first and last isolate culture dates. The median time from exposure to positive culture date of the exposed patient was 14 days (mean 34, range 2-115). An example of potential transmission is shown in Figure 2.
Days between the first and last related isolates within the same patient
Example of patient with persistent carriage of K. pneumoniae and evidence of transmission to another patient

Conclusion
Some patients had persistent carriage with the same strain for over two years and appear to be a potential source of ongoing transmission to other patients. WGS surveillance, in addition to detecting outbreaks, can identify patients with persistent colonization as potential a transmission source. Healthcare outbreak investigations should include patients with persistent carriage as potential sources based upon temporal restrictions.

Disclosures
Graham Snyder, MD, SM, Infectious Diseases Connect: Advisor/Consultant Daria Van Tyne, PhD, Century Therapeutics, Inc: Advisor/Consultant
Licensing Investigations: Suggestions from Social Workers Who Received Sanctions
Authors: Barsky Allan Edward , Spadola Christine Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
When clients have concerns about licensed social workers, they may file complaints with their state licensing boards. Although prior research has explored the types of complaints made against social workers, there has been little research on the experiences of social workers who are being investigated. This phenomenological study is based on in-depth interviews designed to gain a better understanding of the lived experiences of 13 licensed social workers who participated in licensing investigations and received sanctions by a state licensing board for violating state laws, rules, or ethical standards. The researchers used an interpretive approach to analyze the interviews and identify common themes surrounding participant suggestions for improvement for licensing boards when investigating complaints and issuing sanctions. Research participants suggested that being investigated for licensing violations can cause significant levels of anxiety, stress, and embarrassment. Although some participants felt that the investigation process was fair, others expressed deep concerns about how they were treated. The participants’ suggestions for improving the investigation process centered around five primary themes: ensuring the process is fair, treating licensees with kindness and respect, using a collaborative approach, using a corrective approach, and hiring professional social workers as investigators.
Radon Exposure Concentrations in Finnish Workplaces
Authors: Kojo Katja , Turtiainen Tuukka , Holmgren Olli , Kurttio Päivi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain information on the radon concentrations to which Finnish workers are exposed. Radon measurements were conducted as integrated measurements in 700 workplaces, supplemented by continuous radon measurements in 334 workplaces. The occupational radon concentration was calculated by multiplying the result of the integrated measurements by the seasonal correction factor and the ventilation correction factor (ratio between the working time and the full-time radon concentration obtained from continuous measurement). The annual radon concentration to which workers are exposed was weighted by the actual number of workers in each province. In addition, workers were divided into three main occupational categories (working mainly outdoors, underground, or indoors above ground). Probability distribution of the parameters affecting radon concentration levels were generated to calculate a probabilistic estimate of the number of workers exposed to excessive radon levels. With deterministic methods, the geometric and arithmetic mean radon concentrations in conventional, above-ground workplaces were 41 and 91 Bq m−3, respectively. The estimated geometric and arithmetic mean annual radon concentrations that Finnish workers are exposed to were assessed as 19 and 33 Bq m−3, respectively. The generic ventilation correction factor for workplaces was calculated as 0.87. Assessed with probabilistic methods, there are approximately 34,000 workers in Finland whose exposure to radon exceeds the reference level of 300 Bq m−3. Although radon concentrations are generally low in Finnish workplaces, many workers are exposed to high levels of radon. Radon exposure in the workplace is the most common source of occupational radiation exposure in Finland.
Clinical Implications Surrounding the Challenges of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Novel Gram-Negative Agents
Authors: Kim Juliette , Lee Yuman , Bradley Nicole 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The rise in gram-negative antimicrobial resistance worldwide has led to the approval of novel gram-negative antimicrobial agents active against various multidrug-resistant pathogens. Despite this, clinical use of these agents is often limited by the lack of access to timely antimicrobial susceptibility results. Much of this has largely been due to challenges in performing and adopting antimicrobial susceptibility testing by clinical laboratories in accordance with strict regulatory requirements. The absence of antimicrobial susceptibility results can interfere with antimicrobial stewardship efforts in facilitating early, appropriate antimicrobial use to treat multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections, therefore compromising the outcomes of treatment. We advocate for a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to address realistic challenges involving access to antimicrobial susceptibility testing for these newly approved agents to ensure this data is available to guide clinical treatment decisions.
Outcome of topiramate in migraine prophylaxis
Authors: Ibrahim Etedal Ahmed A. , Abdalla Balla Elhardallo Wadia , Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab Abbasher , Abdalla Omer Mohammed E. , Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Topiramate is an antiepileptic medication originally and one of the first-line drugs for migraine prophylaxis. Herein, we aimed to assess the outcome of topiramate in migraine prophylaxis by evaluating the reduction in frequency and/or severity of attacks and addressing the most common adverse effects associated with it.

Methods:
A descriptive, prospective hospital-based study was conducted at Ibrahim Malik Hospital, National Center of Neurological Disease and Sciences from October 2018 to May 2019. A comprehensive, structural, close-ended questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, clinical, risk factors, treatment, side effects, and outcome.

Results:
This study covered 32 study participants; the mean age was 33±10 years, with a female predominance of 27 (84%). Nearly, half of them 15 (47%) migraine triggered by weather changes, and 13 (41%) had menstruation. About 17 (53%) was suffering from headache more than 24 months and most of them 26 (81%) used over-the-counter medications for acute pain headache. The mean frequency of attacks per month was reduced from 6.1 baselines to 3.2, in the severity means was 6.9 turns to 5. Reduction in frequency of attacks there was significant in both number and severity (P<0.001) with no significant difference in 50 and 100 mg doses. Concerning adverse effects, 5 (15.6%) did not complain of any, more than a third 12 (38%) experienced weight loss, 7 (22%) both abdominal/gastrointestinal symptoms and dizziness, 5 (16%) mood changes, 4 (13%) both paresthesia and decreased memory, 3 (9%) both anorexia and sleepiness.

Conclusion:
Topiramate is effective in reducing headache frequency and reasonably well tolerated in adult Sudanese patients with episodic migraine. This may provide good evidence to support its use in routine clinical management.
A confirmed COVID-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension and preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report
Authors: Bereda Gudisa 
Published: April 2023

Background and importance:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) aggravates preexisting diabetes mellitus and contributes to newly discovered hypertension by increasing blood pressure by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the rennin–angiotensin system. Diabetes patients may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 due to chronic comorbidities such as obesity and cardiovascular disease such as hypertension.

Case presentation:
On 23 March 2022, a retired black African woman in her 60s was taken into the emergency room with the chief complaints of frequent midnight urine, hazy vision, headache, fever, and tingling in her hands and feet. A throat swab PCR test that revealed positive results after 28 h was used to confirm COVID-19. Her electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 105 beats per minute. Fluid resuscitation (0.9% normal saline) of 1000 ml and drip insulin administration commenced as soon as she was brought to an ICU.

Clinical discussion:
In this case report, the patient had been previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. COVID-19 affects the beta cells, forcing them to release insulin and increasing insulin insufficiency, which leads to her blood glucose raising. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is therefore the most frequent comorbidity of COVID-19 in this case report.

Conclusion:
Poor blood glucose management in the case of COVID-19 may increase the pathogen’s susceptibility, the likelihood that patients will be admitted to the hospital, and the likelihood that mortality will be enhanced.
Retroperitoneal endoscopic median arcuate ligament incision with interventional radiology: a case report and literature review
Authors: Takayama Shoryu , Takayama Satoru , Kani Hisanori , Tanaka Akimitu , Ishikawa Ken , Yoshimoto Nobuyasu 
Published: April 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Compression of the celiac artery (CA) associated with median arcuate ligament compression syndrome can result in aneurysms at the pancreaticoduodenal arcade. If the aneurysm ruptures, treatment with interventional radiology (IVR) is recommended. Subsequently, the median arcuate ligament (MAL) should be incised to prevent the recurrence of the aneurysm. Retroperitoneal endoscopic MAL incision reduces the risk of adhesive bowel obstruction. However, there is few surgical landmark for retroperitoneal MAL incision. We used IVR to detect CA for MAL incision.

Case Presentation:
A 44-year-old man presented to our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and clouding of consciousness. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed contrast leakage from pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm, and the CA was compressed by MAL, leading to the diagnosis of pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm rupture associated with median arcuate ligament compression syndrome. IVR was performed to block the blood flow to the aneurysm. After 2 months from life-saving IVR, we performed retroperitoneal endoscopic MAL incision with IVR. The patient was discharged 8 days after surgery. Echocardiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography 2 months after discharge confirmed that the compression and flow of the CA had improved.

Clinical Discussion:
In retroperitoneal endoscopic MAL incision, there has been few landmark to identify MAL and CA. Retroperitoneal procedure with IVR can identify MAL easily. This is a useful technique, and it is important to accumulate more cases to standardize the technique.

Conclusion:
Retroperitoneal endoscopic MAL incision with IVR has not been reported, this procedure can make it easier to detect MAL.