bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GFR estimated with creatinine rather than cystatin C is more reflective of the true risk of adverse outcomes with low GFR in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Keddis Mira T , Howard Matthew R , Galapia Leyton , Barreto Erin F , Zhang Nan , Butterfield Richard J , Rule Andrew D 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Serum cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) generally associates with clinical outcomes better than serum creatinine–based eGFR (eGFRcr) despite similar precision in estimating measured GFR (mGFR). We sought to determine whether the risk of adverse outcomes with eGFRcr or eGFRcys was via GFR alone or also via non-GFR determinants among kidney transplant recipients.

Methods
Consecutive adult kidney transplant recipients underwent a standardized GFR assessment during a routine follow-up clinic visit between 2011 and 2013. Patients were followed for graft failure or the composite outcome of cardiovascular (CV) events or mortality through 2020. The risk of these events by baseline mGFR, eGFRcr and eGFRcys was assessed unadjusted, adjusted for mGFR and adjusted for CV risk factors.

Results
There were 1135 recipients with a mean baseline mGFR of 55.6, eGFRcr of 54.8 and eGFRcys of 46.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 and a median follow-up of 6 years. Each 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease in mGFR, eGFRcr or eGFRcys associated with graft failure [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 1.68 and 2.07, respectively; P &lt; .001 for all) and CV events or mortality outcome (HR 1.28, 1.19 and 1.43, respectively; P &lt; .001 for all). After adjusting for mGFR, eGFRcys associated with graft failure (HR 1.57, P &lt; .001) and CV events or mortality (HR 1.49, P &lt; .001), but eGFRcr did not associate with either. After further adjusting for CV risk factors, risk of these outcomes with lower eGFRcys was attenuated.

Conclusion
eGFRcr better represents the true relationship between GFR and outcomes after kidney transplantation because it has less non-GFR residual association. Cystatin C is better interpreted as a nonspecific prognostic biomarker than is eGFR in the kidney transplant setting.
The Crown and Anchor Tavern
Authors: Bourke Joanna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Birkbeck College was born in the Crown and Anchor Tavern, a centre of urban conviviality, in 1823. It was an unorthodox political space, renowned for its radical politics. The original call to establish the institution was made in the Mechanics’ Magazine. Its founders were Joseph Clinton Robertson (patent agent and editor), Thomas Hodgskin (economist), Henry Brougham (leading lawyer, politician, and founder of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge), Francis Place (radical political activist and atheist), and George Birkbeck (physician and philanthropist). All five had expansive personalities, with powerful egos and preoccupations. Differences, even bitter confrontations, were inevitable. They all championed workers’ education and were immersed in a range of radical causes. For George Birkbeck, the Institution was a political as well as philanthropic project. He moved in politically radical circles. Although he was a middle-class liberal, he was the friend of working-class agitators and labour leaders, especially those working for the abolition of newspaper tax, the corn laws, and tithes. George Birkbeck was also impelled by a profound sense of social service. For others—especially Place, Hodgskin, and Brougham—politically radical ideas fired their enthusiasm for workers’ education while for Robertson the enterprise had probably as much to do with propagating his magazine and patent work as with any political objective.
Consciousness and the Collapse of the Wave Function
Authors: Chalmers David J. , McQueen Kelvin J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDoes consciousness collapse the quantum wave function? This idea was taken seriously by John von Neumann and Eugene Wigner but is now widely dismissed. We develop the idea by combining a mathematical theory of consciousness (integrated information theory) with an account of quantum collapse dynamics (continuous spontaneous localization). Simple versions of the theory are falsified by the quantum Zeno effect, but more complex views remain compatible with empirical evidence. In principle, versions of the theory can be tested by experiments with quantum computers. The upshot is not that consciousness-collapse interpretations are clearly correct, but that there is a research program here worth exploring.
Divine Foreknowledge and Human Free Will (1985)
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper, published in 1985, is Zagzebski’s first full-length journal article. The paper reviews and evaluates the burgeoning literature on the topic of divine foreknowledge and human free will, distinguishes pseudo-problems from real problems, and defends the logical compatibility of foreknowledge and human freedom. God’s foreknowledge of an event does not prevent either its logical or its causal contingency. The paper argues that there is nothing incoherent about backwards contingency or the idea that an event is contingent upon an event occurring after it in time, and it argues that even if God knows what a person freely does in every possible world, that is not the same as knowing problematic counterfactuals. The relation between divine foreknowledge and a free act requires an asymmetrical explanation, whether or not such an explanation is called causal. The paper concludes that even though infallible foreknowledge and free will are logically consistent, they will be in tension until there is a broader theory in theological metaphysics that shows that divine foreknowledge and human freedom are mutually plausible.
Why does creative self-expression matter?
Authors: Kaimal Girija 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Why does self-expression matter? What pushes us humans uniquely toward imagination and expression of this instinct? In this chapter I provide an overview of why creative and artistic expression is fundamental to our survival and to our desire to thrive. I introduce evolutionary perspectives on human self-expression and creativity and innate attributes, including how they relate to narrative storytelling and art-making. This chapter provides an overview of the rest of the chapters to come, including the neurobiology of self-expression; the role of narrative; differences between art-making by oneself versus art-making with others; insights from indigenous and traditional art forms; developmental aspects of self-expression; trauma, adversity, and self-expression; contemporary perspectives; and, finally, reflections on the future.
Ultrasonography in the assessment of disease activity in cranial and large-vessel giant cell arteritis: a prospective follow-up study
Authors: Nielsen Berit Dalsgaard , Therkildsen Philip , Keller Kresten K , Gormsen Lars C , Hansen Ib T , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluated sensitivity to change and discriminative abilities of vascular US scores in disease monitoring in the follow-up of a prospective cohort of new-onset cranial and large-vessel (LV) GCA patients.

Methods
Baseline and follow-up (8 weeks, 24 weeks and 15 months) US of temporal arteries (TA), carotid and axillary arteries (LV) included assessment of halo and measurement of the intima media complex (IMC). Max IMC, max halo IMC, sum IMC, sum halo IMC, mean IMC, halo count and the Southend halo score were calculated. The provisional OMERACT US score, OGUS, was obtained, taking the average of temporal arteries and axillary arteries IMCs divided by their normal cut-off values.

Results
Baseline US was positive in 44/47 patients (72% TA, 72% LV). Sensitivity to change of all composite US scores containing TAs was evident by week 8 onward. LVs responded poorly and new axillary US lesions emerged in six patients despite clinical remission. The OGUS showed a large magnitude of change and is considered the score least prone to potential bias. All TA-based US scores showed moderate–strong correlation with disease activity markers. OGUS, TA halo count, Southend TA halo score, TA sum IMC and TA mean IMC showed potential to discriminate remission and relapse with area under the curve ≥0.8.

Conclusions
The OGUS is suggested as an outcome measurement for the assessment of treatment response in clinical trials. The abilities of US scores to discriminate remission and relapse are encouraging and should be further explored.
The Many Faces of Josefa Jaramillo: (Mis)identifications and Historical Longing in the Colonial Present
Authors: Johnson Susan Lee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Before 1970, the public had never seen a picture of Josefa Jaramillo, the Taoseña who married frontiersman Kit Carson in 1843 and stayed with him until they both died in 1868. Then, within six months, two such images crossed the portal of the Carson museum in Taos, each from a different donor. For fifty years since, historians, curators, and descendants have embraced the photos as authentic. But they are not pictures of the same person and it is possible that neither of them is an image of Jaramillo. The provenance of the pictures tells the story of a New Mexico still in the grip of colonialisms that had been unfolding for centuries, producing by 1970 a place that often ranked with southern states at the bottom of lists measuring economic and social well-being. It tells the story of a state that did not yet acknowledge what it had in common with the South: a history of slavery. It tells a story of women deemed indistinguishable from and interchangeable with one another. It tells a story of generational pain rooted in the trauma of continental empire. It tells a story of the desire for history, for connection and belonging. It tells a story of mistaken identification.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Anastomotic Recurrence After Curative Resection for Colorectal Cancer: Comparison with Non-Anastomotic Local Recurrences
Authors: Matsunaga Keigo , Sasaki Kazuhito , Nozawa Hiroaki , Kawai Kazushige , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Kishikawa Junko , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Abe Shinya , Nagai Yuzo , Anzai Hiroyuki , Sonoda Hirofumi , Hata Keisuke , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Anastomotic recurrence is thought to be caused by implantation of tumor cells to the anastomotic line; however, its risk factors and prognostic significance remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to clarify the risk factors for anastomotic recurrence in colorectal cancer and assess the prognosis in comparison to non-anastomotic local recurrence.

DESIGN:
A single-center retrospective observational study.

SETTINGS:
The medical records of the study participants were retrospectively collected from the Department of Surgical Oncology at the University of Tokyo Hospital database.

PATIENTS:
This study included 1584 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection between January 2005 and December 2017. We focused on 15 patients who had anastomotic recurrence.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The main outcome measures were the risk factors of anastomotic recurrence at the primary resection, and prognosis data in comparison to non-anastomotic local recurrence.

RESULTS:
There were 15 patients (0.95%) with anastomotic recurrence and 35 (2.21%) with non-anastomotic local recurrence. Univariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis and advanced T stage are the risk factors for anastomotic recurrence. The prognosis of patients with anastomotic recurrence was similar to that of those with non-anastomotic local recurrence who underwent resection.

LIMITATIONS:
The small number of patients with anastomotic recurrence is a major limitation of this study. Additionally, the retrospective study design may have increased the risk of selection bias.

CONCLUSIONS:
Lymph node metastasis and advanced T stage were associated with anastomotic recurrence. The prognosis of patients with anastomotic recurrence was similar to that with resected non-anastomotic local recurrence. Thus, surveillance should be carefully continued while considering the poor prognosis of patients with anastomotic recurrence. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C92.
Comparison of Robotic, Laparoscopic, and Open Resections of Nonmetastatic Colon Cancer
Authors: Yuval Jonathan B. , Thompson Hannah M. , Verheij Floris S. , Fiasconaro Megan , Patil Sujata , Widmar Maria , Wei Iris H. , Pappou Emmanouil P. , Smith J. Joshua , Nash Garrett M. , Weiser Martin R. , Paty Philip B. , Garcia-Aguilar Julio 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Laparoscopic resection for colon cancer has not been associated with improvements in oncological outcomes in comparison to open resection. Robotic resections are associated with increased lymph node yield and radicality of mesenteric resection in patients with right-sided tumors. It is unclear whether lymph node yield is higher in robotic resections in other parts of the colon and whether higher lymph node yield is associated with improved survival.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare survival rates between robotic, laparoscopic, and open resections in a large cohort of patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer.

DESIGN:
This is a retrospective observational study.

SETTING:
This study was conducted at a single comprehensive cancer center.

PATIENTS:
Patients who underwent resection of nonmetastatic primary colon cancer between January 2006 and December 2018.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Univariable and multivariable models were used to identify predictors of disease-free and overall survival. Lymph node yield and perioperative outcomes were compared between operative approaches.

RESULTS:
There were 2398 patients who met the inclusion criteria: 699 (29%) underwent open, 824 (34%) underwent laparoscopic, and 875 (36%) underwent robotic resection. Median follow-up was 3.8 years (45.4 months). Robotic surgery was associated with higher lymph node yield and radicality of mesenteric resection. On multivariable analysis, surgical approach was not associated with a difference in disease-free or overall survival. Minimally invasive colectomy was associated with fewer complications and shorter length of stay in comparison to open surgery. In a direct comparison between the two minimally invasive approaches, robotic colectomy was associated with fewer complications, shorter length of stay and lower conversion rate than laparoscopy.

LIMITATIONS:
This was a single-center retrospective study.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data indicate that the three surgical approaches are similarly effective in treating primary resectable colon cancer and that differences in outcomes are seen primarily in the early postoperative period. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C115.
Feasibility, Indications, and Prognostic Significance of Selective Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection after Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Middle/Low Rectal Cancer: Results of a Multicenter Lateral Node Study in China
Authors: Zhou Sicheng , Zhang Hong , Liang Jianwei , Fu Wei , Lou Zheng , Feng Bo , Yang Yingchi , Xie Zhongshi , Liu Qian ,   on behalf of the Chinese Lateral Node Collaborative Group
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy can decrease local recurrence to lateral compartments, thereby bringing survival benefits.

OBJECTIVE:
The safety of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy was investigated, and the surgical indications and survival benefits of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection were established based on preoperative characteristics.

DESIGN:
A multicenter retrospective study.

SETTINGS:
Three hospitals in China.

PATIENTS:
Four hundred nine patients with clinical evidence of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients who received lateral pelvic lymph node dissection were divided into two groups depending on whether they received chemoradiotherapy (n = 139) or not (n = 270).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The safety, indications, and survival benefits of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy were investigated.

RESULTS:
The surgery times were significantly prolonged by preoperative chemoradiotherapy (291.3 vs. 265.5 min, p = 0.021). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that poor/mucinous/signet-ring adenocarcinoma (odds ratio=4.42, 95% confidence interval, 2.24–11.27; p = 0.031) and post-chemoradiotherapy lateral pelvic lymph node short-axis diameter ≥7 mm (odds ratio=15.2, 95% confidence interval, 5.89–53.01; p < 0.001) were independent predictive factors for lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis. Multivariate prognostic analysis showed that swollen lateral pelvic lymph nodes beyond the obturator or internal iliac as well as the involvement of three or more lateral pelvic lymph nodes were independent adverse prognostic factors.

LIMITATIONS:
The retrospective nature of the study and the small sample size.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy combined with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection is a practicable procedure with acceptable morbidity. Post-chemoradiotherapy lateral pelvic lymph node short-axis diameter ≥7 mm and poor/signet/mucinous adenocarcinoma could be used for predicting lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis after chemoradiotherapy. However, lateral pelvic lymph node dissection should be carefully considered in patients with swollen lateral pelvic lymph nodes beyond the obturator or internal iliac region or involvement of multiple lateral pelvic lymph nodes. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C133.
Clinical Significance of Preoperative and Postoperative Serum CEA and CA19-9 Levels in Patients Undergoing Curative Resection of Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer
Authors: Paku Masakatsu , Uemura Mamoru , Kitakaze Masatoshi , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Takahashi Hidekazu , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Local recurrence is common after curative resection for rectal cancer. Although one expects radical resection of locally recurrent rectal cancer to be curative, the postoperative re-recurrence rate is relatively high. Therefore, identifying risk factors for recurrence may improve the prognosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer with early therapeutic intervention.

OBJECTIVE:
We evaluated the relationship between perioperative serum CEA/CA19-9 levels and prognosis in locally recurrent rectal cancer to validate their usefulness for postoperative surveillance in locally recurrent rectal cancer.

DESIGN:
This was a single-center retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
The study is based on data obtained from procedures at Osaka University Hospital.

PATIENTS:
Ninety patients underwent radical resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer between January 2000 and January 2015.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
We evaluated the correlation between perioperative serum CEA/CA19-9 levels and prognosis after complete resection of locally recurrent rectal cancer and the serum CEA and CA19-9 levels at the diagnosis of postoperative re-recurrence.

RESULTS:
The median preoperative serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were 4 ng/mL and 12 U/mL, respectively. Of the 90 patients, 43.3% had serum CEA ≥5 ng/mL, and 15.6% had serum CA19-9 ≥37 U/mL. Preoperatively, this serum CA19-9 level strongly correlated with poorer prognoses regarding cancer-specific survival. Postoperatively, serum CEA ≥5 ng/mL significantly correlated with a worse prognosis. At the time of diagnosis of re-recurrence after resection of locally recurrent rectal cancer, 53.2% of patients had serum CEA ≥5 ng/mL, and 23.4% of patients had serum CA19-9 ≥37 U/mL.

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by its single-center retrospective design, an insufficient sample size, and relatively long study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
High serum levels of CA19-9 preoperatively and CEA postoperatively are associated with poor prognosis after locally recurrent rectal cancer. Furthermore, we found a high rate of serum CEA elevation in the diagnosis of postoperative re-recurrence. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/Bxxx
Efficacy and safety of ciprofol vs. propofol for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia
Authors: Liang Peng , Dai Meng , Wang Xiao , Wang Dongxin , Yang Mengchang , Lin Xuemei , Zou Xiaohua , Jiang Ke , Li Yalan , Wang Liangrong , Shangguan Wangning , Ren Jinghua , He Hefan 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND
HSK3486 (ciprofol) is a 2,6-disubstituted phenol derivative that acts like propofol as an agonist at the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of HSK3486 for general anaesthesia induction and maintenance.

DESIGN
A single-blinded, randomised, parallel-group, phase 3 trial.

SETTING
Involving 10 study centres, from November 24, 2020 to January 25, 2021.

PATIENTS
A total of 129 patients undergoing nonemergency, noncardiothoracic, and nonneurosurgical elective surgery.

INTERVENTION
Patients were randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio into HSK3486 or propofol groups, to receive HSK3486 (0.4 mg kg−1) or propofol (2.0 mg kg−1) for induction before a maintenance infusion at initial rates of 0.8 and 5.0 mg kg−1 h−1, and were adjusted to maintain a bispectral index (BIS) of 40–60 until the end of surgery.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Noninferiority between the drugs was evaluated as the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the between-group difference in the success rate of anesthetic maintenance (primary outcome) >−8%. Secondary outcomes included successful anaesthetic induction, full alertness and spontaneous breathing recovery, time until leaving the postanaesthesia care unit and changes in BIS. Safety profiles were also measured.

RESULTS
Of 129 enrolled patients, 128 completed the trial, with 86 in the HSK3486 group and 42 in the propofol group. The success rate for the maintenance of general anaesthesia was 100% for both groups, and noninferiority of HSK3486 was confirmed (95% CI −4.28% to 8.38%). No significant differences were found between the two groups of patients with regard to secondary outcomes (all P > 0.05). There appeared to be a comparable incidence of treatment for emergency adverse events (TEAEs) (80.2% vs. 81.0%, P = 1.000) and drug-related TEAEs (57.0% vs. 64.3%, P = 0.451) in the HSK3486 and propofol groups.

CONCLUSION
HSK3486 had a noninferior efficacy profile compared to propofol, exhibiting excellent tolerance.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT04511728.