bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weird Brownian motion
Authors: Eliazar Iddo , Arutkin Maxence 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents and explores a diffusion model that generalizes Brownian motion (BM). On the one hand, as BM: the model’s mean square displacement grows linearly in time, and the model is Gaussian and selfsimilar (with Hurst exponent

1
2

). On the other hand, in sharp contrast to BM: the model is not Markov, its increments are not stationary, and its non-overlapping increments are not independent. Moreover, the model exhibits a host of statistical properties that are dramatically different than those of BM: aging and anti-aging, positive and negative momenta, correlated velocities, persistence and anti-persistence, aging Wiener–Khinchin spectra, and more. Conventionally, researchers resort to anomalous-diffusion models—e.g. fractional BM and scaled BM (both with Hurst exponents different than

1
2

)—to attain such properties. This model establishes that such properties are attainable well within the realm of diffusion. As it is seemingly Brownian yet highly non-Brownian, the model is termed Weird BM.
Bifurcation analysis of spontaneous flows in active nematic fluids
Authors: Marzorati Arsène , Turzi Stefano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContinuum models of active nematic gels have proved successful to describe a number of biological systems consisting of a population of rodlike motile subunits in a fluid environment. One of the prominent features of active systems is their ability to sustain, above a critical threshold of the active parameter, an autonomous collective motion that results in a spontaneous flow of particles. In this paper we show that in a simple channel geometry, the characteristics of this spontaneous motion are largely independent of the model that is used to describe the dynamics of the active system, but are dictated by material symmetry. The natural symmetry for active nematics in a channel is found to be described by the Klein four-groupK4≃Z2×Z2. We perform a Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction and an equivariant bifurcation analysis to show that theK4-equivariance of the problem generically results in two pitchfork bifurcations with four solution branches.
Optimization of Microalgae Biomass Yield using Chlorella Sp. and Spirulina Sp. Cultivation in secondary treated wastewater effluent
Authors: Rassman N H K , Abd Razak N A E , Mohamed R M S R , Al-Gheethi A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Conventional method for domestic wastewater treatment could be inefficient due to active organic loadings and high population. Thus, the treated wastewater still contains high nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia that can lead to the eutrophication and threaten biodiversity in long run. This study is aimed to concentrate on the capability of microalgae, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. cultivated with secondary treated wastewater effluent for nutrients removal and biomass yield. The secondary treated wastewater effluent sample was collected and analysed the nutrient characterization of total nitrogen (TN = 2.78 mg/L) and total phosphorus (TP = 2.13 mg/L) using standard method by APHA. The optimization of the best dilution of secondary treated wastewater effluent and the microalgae ratio of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. were run by Research Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimum results were found which 100% of Chlorella sp. mixed with 50% of Spirulina sp. cultivated with 70% of secondary treated wastewater effluent dilution. The highest results obtained from microalgae biomass yield was 0.22 g/L. While the NPK were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) obtained 0.6 wt% and 0.3 wt% for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) respectively. Subsequently, the potential traits as a biofertilizer was positively observed based on these responses. This study shows Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. was able to grow in wastewater and have ability to become biofertilizer with phosphorus and potassium content.
Enhancement of distillate quantity and quality of a hybrid solar desalination system
Authors: Isah A S , Shafiai S H , Takaijudin H , Singh B S M , Gilani S I U 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Clean water is a necessity, yet it is scarce due to the increase in demand. Desalination is the most reliable way of getting clean water. The commonest desalination process used and suitable in rural areas is solar still distillation. Although it faces low clean water production and requires enhancements alongside quality checks. This study aims to develop an improved solar desalination system with improved quantity and quality. This was achieved by introducing a heating water element powered by a photovoltaic system and a pre-treatment system using granulated charcoal with different dosages because of its adsorption properties to reduce pollutant strength before desalination. The results showed a 300% increase in freshwater yield from the conventional system. The pre-treatment system reduces pollutant strength by 25.08%. This indicates significant water quantity and quality improvement. In that regard, the work significantly will contribute to improving water quantity and quality in solar still.
Determination of Silt and Clay soil particle distribution using new Silt-Clay Separation Quick method
Authors: Ibrahim A , Ismail B N , Abdul Razak U K , Osman M H , Akbar N A , Jalil M J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hydrometer method is the standard method that normally used to determine fine particle size distributions for soil classification purposes. This study aims to develop new method that enable quick determination of silt-clay particle distribution compared to the hydrometer method that requires procedure of pretreatment and additional 24 hours required for the complete procedure of the test. The various soil samples were collected from seven different locations including Sunway Carnival (Marine Clay), Suling Hills (Residual Clay), Jawi Quarry (Residual Clay), Kelantan River (River Clay), Batu Kawan (Marine Clay), Kaolin Clay and Sungai Petani (Residual Clay). Three soil samples from each site were prepared for the hydrometer method and additional three samples for the new method silt-clay separation. Sample preparation and testing is repeated for all samples from seven site locations. The results of silt clay particle distribution obtained from both experimental works were compared to analyze the compatibility of data. The data analysis shows that there are no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the two methods in all examined soil samples. This indicates strong evidence to support this research that the silt-clay separation new method is comparable to the standard hydrometer method. Regression analysis between the two methods produced a coefficient of determination (R-square) values of 0.9912 respectively. The straight-line equation generated for all data produced the gradient equal to 0.8465, which is close to 1 indicates stronger evidence to supports the accuracy of the new method. In conclusion, the preliminary results of new method silt-clay separation confirmed its reliability to analyze the particle soil distribution in silt-clay fraction with 99.12% data accuracy compared to the standard hydrometer method.
Determination of non-linear shear strength and volume changes on remolded granitic residual soil due to membrane penetration
Authors: Osman Muhammad Hafeez , Albar Aniza , Nyuin Joe Davylyn 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Membrane penetration is the term used to describe the displacement of the rubber membrane into the spaces between the cylindrical specimens during triaxial testing in the consolidation stage. Membrane penetration from elevated cell pressure during the consolidation stage might have a negative effect on the interpretation of stress-strain data and specimen volume calculations during the shearing stage. To assist engineers in making knowledgeable judgments, additional study is needed to examine membrane penetration in granitic residual soil. In this study, membrane penetration was investigated using a modified graphical technique. Triaxial tests on grade V granitic residual soil were conducted as part of the study at effective confining pressures of 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 300 kPa, and 400 kPa. In the tests, real specimens constructed of compacted granitic residual soil with initial diameters of 50mm and 100mm, and dummy specimens made of a thin soil layer containing a solid, rigid cylindrical core, were both employed. Without considering the impact of specimen compression, the behaviour of membrane penetration was only examined in the dummy specimens. The graphical method has to be altered as a result of the fines. The findings demonstrated that the effect of membrane penetration increased with a rise in effective confining pressure and became less relevant at confining pressures of 300 kPa or lower.
Mechanical and thermal characterization of additive manufactured fish scale powder reinforced PLA biocomposites
Authors: Joseph Arockiam A , Rajesh S , Karthikeyan S , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Padmanabhan R G , Hashem Mohamed , Fouad Hassan , Ansari AbuZar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This research work is aimed to convert fish scale wastes as an effective reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) as a new bio-composite filament for fused deposition-based 3D printing applications. Various concentrations of fish scale particles (0, 10, 20, and 30%) were used to make the filaments. The performance of the developed filaments was assessed by printing the filament into various test specimens to perform tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, and water absorption experiments as per the ASTM standards. The outcomes of the results show that the PLA/fish scale powder (20%) composite has performed well than the remaining composites. Furthermore, the adding 20% fish scale powder increased the tensile strength and flexural strength of the 3D printed PLA composite by 15% and 39.78% respectively. This is evident that the novel bio-composite exhibited better properties than the pure polymer making it a potential replacement as bone-grafting material and scaffolds for bio-engineering applications.
Automatic calibration of electrode arrays for dexterous neuroprostheses: a review
Authors: RaviChandran Narrendar , Aw Kean , McDaid Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background. Electrode arrays can simplify the modulation of shape, size, and position for customized stimulation delivery. However, the intricacy in achieving the desired outcome stems from optimizing for the myriad of possible electrode combinations and stimulation parameters to account for varying physiology across users. Objective. This study reviews automated calibration algorithms that perform such an optimization to realize hand function tasks. Comparing such algorithms for their calibration effort, functional outcome, and clinical acceptance can aid with the development of better algorithms and address technological challenges in their implementation. Methods. A systematic search was conducted across major electronic databases to identify relevant articles. The search yielded 36 suitable articles; among them, 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria were considered for the review. Results. Studies have demonstrated the realization of several hand function tasks and individual digit control using automatic calibration algorithms. These algorithms significantly improved calibration time and functional outcomes across healthy and people with neurological deficits. Also, electrode profiling performed via automated algorithms was very similar to a trained rehabilitation expert. Additionally, emphasis must be given to collecting subject-specific a priori data to improve the optimization routine and simplify calibration effort. Conclusion. With significantly shorter calibration time, delivering personalized stimulation, and obviating the need for an expert, automated algorithms demonstrate the potential for home-based rehabilitation for improved user independence and acceptance.
Ultrathin SrTiO3-based oxide memristor with both drift and diffusive dynamics as versatile synaptic emulators for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Nie Fang , Wang Jie , Fang Hong , Ma Shuanger , Wu Feiyang , Zhao Wenbo , Wei Shizhan , Wang Yuling , Zhao Le , Yan Shishen , Ge Chen , Zheng Limei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Artificial synapses are electronic devices that simulate important functions of biological synapses, and therefore are the basic components of artificial neural morphological networks for brain-like computing. One of the most important objectives for developing artificial synapses is to simulate the characteristics of biological synapses as much as possible, especially their self-adaptive ability to external stimuli. Here, we have successfully developed an artificial synapse with multiple synaptic functions and highly adaptive characteristics based on a simple SrTiO3/Nb: SrTiO3 heterojunction type memristor. Diverse functions of synaptic learning, such as short-term/long-term plasticity (STP/LTP), transition from STP to LTP, learning–forgetting–relearning behaviors, associative learning and dynamic filtering, are all bio-realistically implemented in a single device. The remarkable synaptic performance is attributed to the fascinating inherent dynamics of oxygen vacancy drift and diffusion, which give rise to the coexistence of volatile- and nonvolatile-type resistive switching. This work reports a multi-functional synaptic emulator with advanced computing capability based on a simple heterostructure, showing great application potential for a compact and low-power neuromorphic computing system.
Founder events and subsequent genetic bottlenecks underlie karyotype evolution in the Ibero-North African endemic Carex helodes
Authors: Escudero Marcial , Arroyo Juan Miguel , Sánchez-Ramírez Santiago , Jordano Pedro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Despite chromosomal evolution being one of the major drivers of diversification in plants, we do not yet have a clear view of how new chromosome rearrangements become fixed within populations, which is a crucial step forward for understanding chromosomal speciation.

Methods
In this study, we test the role of genetic drift in the establishment of new chromosomal variants in the context of hybrid dysfunction models of chromosomal speciation. We genotyped 178 individuals from seven populations (plus 25 seeds from one population) across the geographical range of Carex helodes (Cyperaceae). We also characterized karyotype geographical patterns of the species across its distribution range. For one of the populations, we performed a detailed study of the fine-scale, local spatial distribution of its individuals and their genotypes and karyotypes.

Key Results
Synergistically, phylogeographical and karyotypic evidence revealed two main genetic groups: southwestern Iberian Peninsula vs. northwestern African populations; and within Europe our results suggest a west-to-east expansion with signals of genetic bottlenecks. Additionally, we inferred a pattern of descending dysploidy, plausibly as a result of a west-to-east process of post-glacial colonization in Europe.

Conclusions
Our results give experimental support to the role of geographical isolation, drift and inbreeding in the establishment of new karyotypes, which is key in the speciation models of hybrid dysfunction.
Analysis of the microbiome of the Bolivian high-altitude Lake Pastos Grandes
Authors: Daga-Quisbert Jeanett , Rajarao Gunaratna Kuttuva , Ugarte Felix , van Maris Antonius J A , Quillaguamán Jorge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLake Pastos Grandes in Bolivia is mainly composed of salt flats, which are sporadically and only partially submerged during the wet season. In the present study, the chemical composition of water samples of the lake and some influent rivers was determined. We found that it is likely that the lake was influenced by the dilution of metals from ancient evaporites. We performed the first metagenomic studies of this lake. Analyses of shotgun metagenomics revealed that the relative abundances of Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales were noteworthy in the water samples, whereas the archaea belonging to the Halobacteriales and Cyanobacteria from subsection III had high abundances in the salt flat. The eukaryotes Crustacea and Diatomea exhibited the highest abundances in the water samples. We investigated further the potential effect of human activities on the nitrogen cycle mobilization in the lake and the propagation of antimicrobial resistance genes. This is the first report about the cycle in the lake. Additionally, rifamycin resistance genes and genes related to efflux pumps, which are not considered a hazard when identified in metagenomes, had the uppermost relative abundances in all sampling points. We found that Lake Pastos Grandes hitherto does not show an appreciable influence by anthropogenic actions.
Leishmania amazonensis infection impairs VLA-4 clustering and adhesion complex assembly at the adhesion site of J774 cells
Authors: Brito Reginaldo , Hassegawa Erina Masayo , Camardelli Patrick , Elpídio Kalene , de Menezes Juliana , Figueira Cláudio Pereira , dos-Santos Washington L C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that may lead to a single or multiple disseminated cutaneous lesions. The mechanisms involved in Leishmania dissemination to different areas of the skin and the internal organs remain poorly understood. Evidence shows that Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4)-dependent phagocyte adhesion is impaired by Leishmania infection, which may be related to the mechanisms of parasite dissemination. We investigated factors potentially associated with decreased VLA-4-mediated adhesion in Leishmania-infected macrophages, including lipid raft-mediated VLA-4 mobilization along the cellular membrane, integrin cluster formation at the cell base (adhesion site), and focal adhesion complex assembly. Phagocytes treated with Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin (MβCD) demonstrated reduced adhesion, similarly to Leishmania amazonensis-infected J774 cells. Infected and MβCD-treated macrophages presented decreased VLA-4 mobilization to the adhesion plane, as well as reduced integrin clustering. Leishmania amazonensis-infected cells exhibited talin depletion, as well as a decreased mobilization of adhesion complex proteins, such as talin and viculin, which were associated with lower VLA-4 concentrations at the adhesion site and limited cell-spreading. Our results suggest that Leishmania infection may modulate the firm adhesion phase of the cell-spreading process, which could contribute to the bloodstream dissemination of infected cells.
Complete genome of the toxic mold Aspergillus pseudotamarii isolate NRRL 25517 reveals genomic instability of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster
Authors: Legan Andrew W , Mack Brian M , Mehl Hillary L , Wissotski Marina , Ching’anda Connel , Maxwell Lourena A , Callicott Kenneth A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fungi can synthesize a broad array of secondary metabolite chemicals. The genes underpinning their biosynthesis are typically arranged in tightly linked clusters in the genome. For example, ∼25 genes responsible for the biosynthesis of carcinogenic aflatoxins by Aspergillus section Flavi species are grouped in a ∼70 Kb cluster. Assembly fragmentation prevents assessment of the role of structural genomic variation in secondary metabolite evolution in this clade. More comprehensive analyses of secondary metabolite evolution will be possible by working with more complete and accurate genomes of taxonomically diverse Aspergillus species. Here, we combined short- and long-read DNA sequencing to generate a highly contiguous genome of the aflatoxigenic fungus, Aspergillus pseudotamarii (isolate NRRL 25517 = CBS 766.97; scaffold N50 = 5.5 Mb). The nuclear genome is 39.4 Mb, encompassing 12,639 putative protein-encoding genes and 74–97 candidate secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters. The circular mitogenome is 29.7 Kb and contains 14 protein-encoding genes that are highly conserved across the genus. This highly contiguous A. pseudotamarii genome assembly enables comparisons of genomic rearrangements between Aspergillus section Flavi series Kitamyces and series Flavi. Although the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster of A. pseudotamarii is conserved with Aspergillus flavus, the cluster has an inverted orientation relative to the telomere and occurs on a different chromosome.
The Effect of Methodological Considerations on the Construction of Gene-Based Plant Pan-genomes
Authors: Glick Lior , Mayrose Itay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pan-genomics is an emerging approach for studying the genetic diversity within plant populations. In contrast to common resequencing studies that compare whole genome sequencing data with a single reference genome, the construction of a pan-genome (PG) involves the direct comparison of multiple genomes to one another, thereby enabling the detection of genomic sequences and genes not present in the reference, as well as the analysis of gene content diversity. Although multiple studies describing PGs of various plant species have been published in recent years, a better understanding regarding the effect of the computational procedures used for PG construction could guide researchers in making more informed methodological decisions. Here, we examine the effect of several key methodological factors on the obtained gene pool and on gene presence–absence detections by constructing and comparing multiple PGs of Arabidopsis thaliana and cultivated soybean, as well as conducting a meta-analysis on published PGs. These factors include the construction method, the sequencing depth, and the extent of input data used for gene annotation. We observe substantial differences between PGs constructed using three common procedures (de novo assembly and annotation, map-to-pan, and iterative assembly) and that results are dependent on the extent of the input data. Specifically, we report low agreement between the gene content inferred using different procedures and input data. Our results should increase the awareness of the community to the consequences of methodological decisions made during the process of PG construction and emphasize the need for further investigation of commonly applied methodologies.
Semi-analytical simulation of seismic waves generated by a point source in 1-D layered half-space of double-porosity media
Authors: Jiang Yaochang , Gao Yongxin , Cheng Qianli , Song Yongjia 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYIn this study, we present a semi-analytical method to simulate the propagation of seismic waves in horizontally stratified double-porosity media. We solve the governing equations in the frequency–wavenumber domain and then compute the time–space domain solutions by Hankel and fast Fourier transforms. We conduct numerical simulations to study the properties of the seismic waves in the double-porosity media. The results show the existence of three P waves, one fast P wave and two slow P waves. The two slow P waves are highly attenuated and can be observed by assuming a low fluid viscosity. By comparing the fast P wave in a single-porosity medium and that in a double-porosity medium, we find that the double-porosity model predicts much higher attenuation of the fast P wave due to the local fluid flow between the background medium and the inclusions. We also study the parameters affecting the attenuation, such as the radius of the spherical inclusions, the viscosity of the pore fluid, the permeability of the background medium and the porosity of the inclusions. Finally, we present a cross-well survey model to investigate the seismic responses in the double-porosity media and compare them with the responses in the single-porosity media. We find that both the amplitude and velocity of the fast P wave decrease with the increase of the volume ratio of the inclusions.