bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authenticity study of commercial samples of St. John's wort by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry and chemometric tools
Authors: Miguita Ana Gabriella Carvalho , Augusti Rodinei , Sena Marcelo Martins , Nascentes Clésia Cristina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is one of the world's most consumed medicinal plants for treating depression and psychiatric disorders. Counterfeiting can occur in the medicinal plant trade, either due to the lack of active ingredients or the addition of substances not mentioned on the labels, often without therapeutic value or even harmful to health. Hence, 43 samples of St. John's wort commercially acquired in different Brazilian regions and other countries were analyzed by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PS‐MS) and modeled by principal component analysis. Hence, samples (plants, capsules, and tablets) were extracted with ethanol in a solid–liquid extraction. For the first time, PS‐MS analysis allowed the detection of counterfeit H. perforatum samples containing active principles typical of other plants, such as Ageratum conyzoides and Senna spectabilis. About 52.3% of the samples were considered adulterated for having at least one of these two species in their composition. Furthermore, out of 35 samples produced in Brazil, only 13 were deemed authentic, having only H. perforatum. Therefore, there is a clear need to improve these drugs' quality control in Brazil.
Optimal heat stress metric for modelling heat‐related mortality varies from country to country
Authors: Lo Y. T. Eunice , Mitchell Dann M. , Buzan Jonathan R. , Zscheischler Jakob , Schneider Rochelle , Mistry Malcolm N. , Kyselý Jan , Lavigne Éric , da Silva Susana Pereira , Royé Dominic , Urban Aleš , Armstrong Ben ,   Multi‐Country Multi‐City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network, Gasparrini Antonio , Vicedo‐Cabrera Ana M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCombined heat and humidity is frequently described as the main driver of human heat‐related mortality, more so than dry‐bulb temperature alone. While based on physiological thinking, this assumption has not been robustly supported by epidemiological evidence. By performing the first systematic comparison of eight heat stress metrics (i.e., temperature combined with humidity and other climate variables) with warm‐season mortality, in 604 locations over 39 countries, we find that the optimal metric for modelling mortality varies from country to country. Temperature metrics with no or little humidity modification associates best with mortality in ~40% of the studied countries. Apparent temperature (combined temperature, humidity and wind speed) dominates in another 40% of countries. There is no obvious climate grouping in these results. We recommend, where possible, that researchers use the optimal metric for each country. However, dry‐bulb temperature performs similarly to humidity‐based heat stress metrics in estimating heat‐related mortality in present‐day climate.
Food quality profile of pounded yam and implications for yam breeding
Authors: Otegbayo Bolanle , Oluyinka Oroniran , Tanimola Abiola R. , Bisi Fawehinmi , Ayomide Alamu , Tomilola Bolaji , Madu Tessy , Okoye Benjamin , Chijioke Ugo , Ofoeze Miriam , Alamu Emmanuel Oladeji , Adesokan Michael , Ayetigbo Oluwatoyin , Bouniol Alexandre , DJibril‐Mousa Imayath , Adinsi Laurent , Akissoe Noël , Cornet Denis , Agre Parterne , Asfaw Asrat , Obidiegwu Jude , Maziya‐Dixon Busie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAssessment of the key preferred quality traits in pounded yam, a popularly consumed yam food product in West Africa, is often done through sensory evaluation. Such assessment is time‐consuming and results may be biased. Therefore, there is a need to develop objective, high‐throughput methods to predict the quality of consumer‐preferred traits in pounded yam. This study focused on how key quality traits in pounded yam proposed to yam breeders were determined, measured by biophysical and biochemical methods, in order to shorten the breeding selection cycle through adoption of these methods by breeders.RESULTSConsumer tests and sensory quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) validated that preferred priority quality traits in pounded yam were related to textural quality (smooth, stretchable, moldable, slightly sticky and moderately hard) and color (white, cream or light yellow). There were significant correlations between sensory textural quality attributes cohesiveness/moldability, hardness, and adhesiveness/stickiness, with textural quality measurements from instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA). Color measurement parameters (L*, a*, and b*) with chromameter agreed with that of sensory evaluation and can replace the sensory panel approach. The smoothness (R2 = 1.00), stickiness (R2 = 1.00), stretchability (R2 = 1.00), hardness (R2 = 0.99), and moldability (R2 = 0.53) of pounded yam samples can be predicted by the starch, amylose, and protein contents of yam tubers estimated by near‐infrared spectroscopy.CONCLUSIONTPA and Hunter colorimeter can be used as medium‐high throughput methods to evaluate the textural quality and color of pounded yam in place of the sensory panelists. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigation of the corrosion behavior of 6082 aluminum alloy in deicing salt
Authors: Yang Li , Wang Dongxu , Bai Di , Zhang Chi , Liu Chaojie , Huang Genzhe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of 6082 aluminum alloy in deicing salt was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectra combined with an X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscope. The experiment results showed that the corrosion tendency of 6082 aluminum alloy in deicing salt strongly depends on its different matrix and grain boundary precipitates, which also show the characteristics of transformation during the corrosion process. The Nyquist plot exhibits the characteristics of double capacitive resistance arcs, and the capacitive resistance arcs were affected by corrosion characteristics and corrosion products on aluminum alloy surface. The nucleation and development of pitting and the formation of a passive film were closely related to the Si phase in the 6082 aluminum alloy.
Definition of dose rate for FLASH pencil‐beam scanning proton therapy: A comparative study
Authors: Deffet Sylvain , Hamaide Valentin , Sterpin Edmond 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundFLASH proton therapy has the potential to reduce side effects of conventional proton therapy by delivering a high dose of radiation in a very short period of time. However, significant progress is needed in the development of FLASH proton therapy. Increasing the dose rate while maintaining dose conformality may involve the use of advanced beam‐shaping technologies and specialized equipment such as 3D patient‐specific range modulators, to take advantage of the higher transmission efficiency at the highest energy available. The dose rate is an important factor in FLASH proton therapy, but its definition can vary because of the uneven distribution of the dose over time in pencil‐beam scanning (PBS).PurposeHighlight the distinctions, both in terms of concept and numerical values, of the various definitions that can be established for the dose rate in PBS proton therapy.MethodsIn an in silico study, five definitions of the dose rate, namely the PBS dose rate, the percentile dose rate, the maximum percentile dose rate, the average dose rate, and the dose averaged dose rate (DADR) were analyzed first through theoretical comparison, and then applied to a head and neck case. To carry out this study, a treatment plan utilizing a single energy level and requiring the use of a patient‐specific range modulator was employed. The dose rate values were compared both locally and by means of dose rate volume histograms (DRVHs).ResultsThe PBS dose rate, the percentile dose rate, and the maximum percentile dose are definitions that are specifically designed to take into account the time structure of the delivery of a PBS treatment plan. Although they may appear similar, our study shows that they can vary locally by up to 10%. On the other hand, the DADR values were approximately twice as high as those of the PBS, percentile, and maximum percentile dose rates, since the DADR disregards the periods when a voxel does not receive any dose. Finally, the average dose rate can be defined in various ways, as discussed in this paper. The average dose rate is found to be lower by a factor of approximately 1/2 than the PBS, percentile, and maximum percentile dose rates.ConclusionsWe have shown that using different definitions for the dose rate in FLASH proton therapy can lead to variations in calculated values ranging from a few percent to a factor of two. Since the dose rate is a critical parameter in FLASH radiation therapy, it is essential to carefully consider the choice of definition. However, to make an informed decision, additional biological data and models are needed.
Contributions towards variable temperature shielding for compact NMR instruments
Authors: Bornemann‐Pfeiffer Martin , Meyer Klas , Lademann Jeremy , Kraume Matthias , Maiwald Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe application of compact NMR instruments to hot flowing samples or exothermically reacting mixtures is limited by the temperature sensitivity of permanent magnets. Typically, such temperature effects directly influence the achievable magnetic field homogeneity and hence measurement quality. The internal‐temperature control loop of the magnet and instruments is not designed for such temperature compensation. Passive insulation is restricted by the small dimensions within the magnet borehole. Here, we present a design approach for active heat shielding with the aim of variable temperature control of NMR samples for benchtop NMR instruments using a compressed airstream which is variable in flow and temperature. Based on the system identification and surface temperature measurements through thermography, a model predictive control was set up to minimise any disturbance effect on the permanent magnet from the probe or sample temperature. This methodology will facilitate the application of variable‐temperature shielding and, therefore, extend the application of compact NMR instruments to flowing sample temperatures that differ from the magnet temperature.
Multigeneration Pedigrees to Monitor Hatchery Broodstock Composition and Genetic Variation of Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin
Authors: Horn Rebekah L. , Hess Maureen , Harmon Stephanie , Hess Jon , Delomas Thomas A. , Campbell Matthew R. , Narum Shawn 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hatchery production of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Columbia River basin comprises most of the anadromous salmonid production in this region. Hatchery facilities and programs serve to mitigate for impacts to salmonids due to the construction and operation of hydropower dams and habitat impacts from development in addition to the conservation and restoration of natural populations. A genetic method referred to as parentage-based tagging (PBT) enables highly reliable detection of hatchery-origin fish and inference of multigeneration pedigrees. This study compiles 11 years of PBT data from nearly 125,000 interior stream-type Chinook Salmon from 24 spawning hatcheries located on tributaries of the mid- and upper Columbia River and in the Salmon, Clearwater, and Grande Ronde River subbasins. Multigenerational pedigrees allowed for investigation of the proportions of natural- and hatchery-origin broodstock (pNOB and pHOB, respectively) for each hatchery and enumeration of the scale of production between segregated and integrated programs. We then compared how pHOB and the scale of production influenced the number of stray fish observed, genetic diversity, relatedness, and age-class compositions within broodstocks. Over 91.0% of hatchery broodstock could be assigned back to their parents, and overall less than 1.0% of broodstock consisted of fish that were unintentionally incorporated into nonnatal hatchery programs. We evaluated 11 segregated programs with 0.0–10.0% pNOB, 9 intermediate programs (10.1–50.0% pNOB), and 3 integrated programs (&gt;50.0% pNOB). There was no correlation between the scale of production or pNOB with the level of genetic diversity, but as production size increased, so did the effective number of breeders. This study demonstrates the utility of PBT as a monitoring tool for hatchery broodstocks, and results suggest that segregated and integrated programs have tradeoffs that generally align with their intended broodstock management purpose of providing fish for harvest and/or fish for supplementation or reintroduction.
Combining expert knowledge of a threatened trout distribution with sparse occupancy data for climate-related projection
Authors: Chelgren Nathan D. , Dunham Jason B. , Gunckel Stephanie L. , Hockman-Wert David P. , Allen Chris S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the vulnerability of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus to potential climate changes across its range in Oregon, we compiled disparate expert knowledge of the distribution of spawning and rearing and combined these probabilistic statements as data along with documented records of breeding and rearing in a joint occupancy model.

Methods
The joint expert knowledge–occupancy model, which was based on discrete patches of cold water (≤13°C) suitable for spawning and rearing, permitted the association of true occupancy with climate and other explanatory variables while accounting for variation in detection probability. We then applied estimated relationships of patch occupancy with explanatory variables to projected coldwater patch configurations in the years 2040 and 2080.

Result
Projections of the kilometers of occupied coldwater patch in future decades suggest precipitous declines if current relationships of occupancy with environmental variables are maintained. Impacts of climate changes in future decades manifest directly through the outright loss of coldwater patches and increases in winter high flows but also indirectly by increased isolation.

Conclusion
Combining probabilistic statements of species distributions from knowledgeable experts with sparse occupancy data may be a robust and timely alternative when large numbers of repeated occupancy surveys are infeasible.
Devices to measure calf raise test outcomes: A narrative review
Authors: Fernandez Ma. Roxanne , Hébert‐Losier Kim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe calf raise test (CRT) is commonly administered without a device in clinics to measure triceps surae muscle function. To standardise and objectively quantify outcomes, researchers use research‐grade or customised CRT devices. To incorporate evidence‐based practice and apply testing devices effectively in clinics, it is essential to understand their design, applicability, psychometric properties, strengths, and limitations. Therefore, this review identifies, summarises, and critically appraises the CRT devices used in science.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched in April 2022. Studies that used devices to measure unilateral CRT outcomes (i.e., number of repetitions, work, height) were included.ResultsThirty‐five studies met inclusion, from which seven CRT devices were identified. Linear encoder (n = 18) was the most commonly used device, followed by laboratory equipment (n = 6) (three‐dimensional motion capture and force plate). These measured the three CRT outcomes. Other devices used were electrogoniometer, Häggmark and Liedberg light beam device, Ankle Measure for Endurance and Strength (AMES), Haberometer, and custom‐made. Devices were mostly used in healthy populations or Achilles tendon pathologies. AMES, Haberometer, and custom‐made devices were the most clinician‐friendly, but only quantified repetitions were completed. In late 2022, a computer vision mobile application appeared in the literature and offered clinicians a low‐cost, research‐grade alternative.ConclusionThis review details seven devices used to measure CRT outcomes. The linear encoder is the most common in research and quantifies all three CRT outcomes. Recent advances in computer‐vision provide a low‐cost research‐grade alternative to clinicians and researchers via a n iOS mobile application.
Study on statistical indicators of economic loss of major chemical accidents
Authors: Dai Caiyan , Xu Ming , Wang Wenkun , Ma Chenglong , Yang Lianqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper summarizes the economic loss caused by chemical accidents in China, as well as the outstanding problems that need to be urgently solved. The affected parties of a major chemical accident are personnel, property, resources, the environment, and the social economy from the perspective of an accident target and emergency management. Economic losses of each type of accidental target include property losses, emergency disposal costs, and recovery/reconstruction costs. Based on this idea, a statistical system composed of 12 indicators for economic losses of major chemical accidents is established. The new statistical indicator of economic loss of major chemical accidents is more reasonable than the current statistical method of China's GB 6721‐86 “Standard,” and can fully reflect the harm due to major chemical accidents.
Population dynamics and molecular adaption of Tetranychus cinnabarinus to long‐term thermal stress
Authors: Chen Li , Ma Ting , Liu Jie , He Lin , Luo YanJie , Shen GuangMao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlobal warming is a general trend in the current era. Temperature is one of the most important nonbiological factors that affects the development, life cycle and distribution of arthropods, which are a major component of agriculture pests. This study focused on life‐table parameters and the molecular adaption of Tetranychus cinnabarinus under long‐term thermal stress.RESULTSThe life tables of T. cinnabarinus were constructed at room temperature (26 °C) and high temperature (34 °C). Results showed that although the lifespan of the mites was shortened, the developmental periods of egg, larva and nymph stages were accelerated, and the peak egg‐laying period came earlier at high temperature, which resulted in faster expansion of pest mite population. RNA‐seq was used to reveal the thermal adaption mechanism according to differentially expressed genes. Combined with transcriptome data and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) verification, MAPK, CAT, HSP20 and HSP70 were found highly expressed at 34 °C, which were associated with thermal adaption of T. cinnabarinus. RNAi analysis proved that expression of HSP20 was closely related to the survival of mites at high temperature.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that long‐term high temperature treatment was beneficial to the expansion of the T. cinnabarinus population. The genes involved in heat tolerance of T. cinnabarinus such as MAPK‐HSP pathway provides ideas for subsequent control measures. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
River restoration works design based on the study of early‐stage vegetation development and alternate bar dynamics
Authors: Li Jiaze , Claude Nicolas , Tassi Pablo , Cordier Florian , Crosato Alessandra , Rodrigues Stéphane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractActive geomorphological interventions, such as reprofiling of river bars, are often used to increase bar dynamics and prevent vegetation encroachment. River restoration management should be planned based on the knowledge of what processes will follow the intervention and on the anticipation of the consequences. However, in many cases, the associated physical processes are not clearly identified whereas their consequences on bar morphodynamics are still not fully understood. This study aims to bring new insights into the biomorphodynamics evolution of the riverbed after restoration works by using a 2D biomorphodynamic model developed in the TELEMAC‐MASCARET system. It seeks to compare and evaluate the performance of five bar reprofiling scenarios in which the bar elevation is lowered to just below the water level at specified design discharges. The study area is located in the channelized and regulated alpine gravel‐bed Isère River (France). Bar dynamics and early stages of vegetation establishment are analyzed for the first 2 years after each restoration scenario. The results indicate that plant colonization would occur in all cases. Overall, maximizing the reduction of bar height is the most effective way to improve the bar dynamics and limit future vegetation encroachment.
Psychiatric Comorbidities on an Inpatient Dermatology Consultation Service: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Norman Thomas , Guenther Jana , Vecerek Natalia , Adler Brandon L. , Crew Ashley , Worswick Scott 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of psychiatric illness in hospitalised dermatology patients, characterisation of psychiatric comorbidities on an inpatient dermatology consultation service in the United States has yet to be performed. To fill this gap in knowledge, we investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with psychiatric illness on the inpatient dermatology consultation service at the University of Southern California. Of the 429 patients seen by the dermatology consultation service between June 2021 to July 2022, 147 (34%) had psychiatric illness (defined as having at least 1 psychiatric diagnosis). Increasing age was associated with a decreased likelihood of psychiatric illness, while housing instability, chronic dermatologic disease, drug reaction, and pruritus without rash were associated with an increased likelihood of psychiatric illness. The high prevalence of psychiatric illness observed in hospitalised dermatology patients emphasises the importance of collaboration between consultant dermatologists and mental health specialists, particularly when specific sociodemographic or disease factors are present.
Ganciclovir-Induced Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Kitayama Shohei , Makino Teruhiko , Fujita Kuniko , Mori Shuichi , Furukawa Fumina , Kagoyama Ko , Mizawa Megumi , Shimizu Tadamichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction involving multiorgan failure, with a complex interaction of various drugs, human herpesvirus reactivation and immune abnormalities suggested as the aetiology. We herein present the case of a 70-year-old man with a one-week history of fever, facial oedema, erythematous macules and purpura on his trunk and extremities. He had anti-TIF1γ antibody-positive dermatomyositis and was treated with prednisolone sodium succinate (20 mg/day). Three weeks earlier, he was treated with ganciclovir (250 mg/day) for 7 days to treat asymptomatic cytomegalovirus viraemia. Laboratory investigations revealed eosinophilia with atypical lymphocytes and elevated liver enzyme levels. A histological examination showed interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes, perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the upper dermis and erythrocyte extravasation without vasculitis. A lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was positive for ganciclovir (stimulation index: 260%; normal: &lt;180%). We diagnosed DRESS caused by ganciclovir on the basis of clinical findings and course (Definite; RegiSCAR score: 7). He was treated with prednisolone sodium succinate (40 mg/day) and topical clobetasol propionate (0.05%) ointment twice daily. After the initiation of treatment, the skin lesions and laboratory abnormalities gradually improved. To our knowledge, this is the first case of DRESS caused by ganciclovir. The patients in whom ganciclovir is used are often immunosuppressed and may be overlooked as the causative drug for DRESS by conventional skin tests. We considered that LTT is useful for identifying causative drugs of DRESS, especially in immunosuppressed patients, such as the present case.