bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular Supply Chain Management in the Wind Energy Industry – A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kramer Kathrin Julia , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe shift to a circular economy and the use of wind energy are key components in achieving the climate goals that some governments like Germany have set for themselves. Nevertheless, the wind energy industry is still predominantly organized as a linear system. Therefore, this paper outlines the existing research on the wind energy supply chain and embeds it in the context of a circular economy. The results show that some aspects of the circular economy have recently gained attention. For instance, the recycling of wind turbine blades is often discussed in literature. However, circular thinking is still underrepresented in supply chain management research. For example, studies on return, recover and deliver processes are rare. By presenting a structured overview of the current state of research, an agenda for future investigations can be derived. Hence, this publication makes a clear contribution towards becoming more circular in the wind energy supply chain.
Simulation-Based Analysis of (Reverse) Supply Chains in Circular Product-Service-Systems
Authors: Grosse Erdmann Julian , Koller Jan , Amir Saman , Mihelič Aleš , Döpper Frank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith an expected growth of global waste to 3.40 billion tonnes by 2050 and a circularity today of only 8.6% of the world, the earth’s sustainable resources are being exploited beyond their regeneration capacity. Hence, it is necessary to step away from a take – make – dispose principal and transform from a linear towards a circular economy to close product cycles to optimize resource consumption and reduce waste. Product-Service-Systems (PSSs), based on multiple product life cycles combined with remanufacturing, offer a solution to close product cycles. In such PSS, the responsibility for returning, remanufacturing, and repairing used products remains with the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and increases its need in (reverse) supply chain activities. Essential factors for (reverse) supply chains are, e.g., determining the distribution network, the location of recovery facilities, the geographical dispersion of the customers, and the information flows between the different stakeholders. In this context, this work proposes a multi-method simulation model to support practitioners in determining the optimal infrastructure for storing, remanufacturing, and repairing the used products regarding economic and ecological target criteria. The applicability of the proposed approach is illustrated through a case study of a white goods manufacturing company. This case study highlights the importance of determining the optimal infrastructure in a (reverse) supply chain in PSS business models.
Designing a Reverse Supply Chain Network for Smartphones with Material-Based GHG Emissions and Costs Using Linear Physical Programming
Authors: Ijuin Hiromasa , Nagao Takaki , Tsunezawa Masakuni , Sugiyama Kohei , Tasaka Kazuyuki , Yamada Tetsuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrently, levels of production and disposal for communication devices such as smartphones are continuing to increase. In the life cycle of a smartphone, the majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are generated in the material production stage. To recover the GHG emissions from end-of-life (EOL) products such as smartphones, manufacturers have to recycle EOL products. However, smartphones on the market undergo little recycling because costs related to recycling, transportation, and facilities are very high. Therefore, the decision maker (DM) has to design a reverse supply chain network for collecting EOL products from users and transporting them to recovery or disposal facilities not only environmentally friendly but also economically feasible. This study applies a bi-objective reverse supply chain network design to material-based GHG volumes and related costs applying a multi-criteria decision-making methods as linear physical programming (LPP) to design a reverse supply chain network in the case of smartphones. First, the reverse supply chain network is modeled for recycling EOL smartphones, and a case study based on literatures and life cycle assessment are prepared. Next, the objective functions are set and formulated to minimize the total volume of material-based GHG volume and the total cost using LPP and integer programming. Finally, numerical experiments on the reverse supply chain are conducted and evaluated.
revolPET®: An Innovative “Back-to-Monomer” Recycling Technology for the Open Loop Value Chain of PET and Polyester Composite Packaging and Textiles
Authors: Franco Renan Louro Cardoso , Eichert Carsten , Lücking Charlotte , Biermann Lars , Paschetag Mandy , Scholl Stephan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNowadays there is a need for innovative solutions for composite materials in the packaging and textile sectors. These are formed by multilayer structures that improve technical performance however complicates recycling. Consequently, they are mostly sent to energy recovery or downgrade recycling processes. To avoid this, new recycling technologies are needed.The innovative “back-to-monomer” recycling technology “revolPET®” represents a solution for this challenge. In the process, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is selectively depolymerized to recover the monomers ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalic acid (TA) for a new PET production. By an alkaline hydrolysis, the PET reacts continuously with a strong base in a twin-screw extruder. The average residence time in the extruder is less than one minute with a process yield up to 95%. Due to the mild depolymerization conditions, the other polymers remain chemically unchanged and can be easily separated. The produced monomers are regained in virgin quality and can achieve a 33% reduction on the greenhouse gases emissions if compared with the crude oil production route.In this contribution, the technology on a pilot scale as well as the results of the first scale-up investigations are presented and discussed with respect to technical maturity and environmental benefit.
Towards Making Polymer Food Packaging Suitable for the Circular Economy: Cleanliness is Next to Godliness
Authors: Woolley Elliot , Sian Mala , Nahar Samsun , Clark Nikki , Hatton Fiona L. , Larder Ryan , Trimingham Rhoda , Wilson Garrath T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSingle use plastic packaging and its environmental impacts have received much attention over the last few years from governments, businesses and consumers. One option to reduce plastic packaging waste and its associated environmental impacts is to shift towards circular business models, supplying reusable packaging options that are used many times before being recycled. One technical barrier to the implementation of plastic food packaging reuse is the need to effectively clean the packs and provide cleaning assurance to prevent the possibility of product crossover. This research investigated the feasibility of using Ultraviolet Fluorescence imaging to optically detect residual food fouling and thus assuring cleanliness in the case example of margarine spread tubs. Processing of obtained images was carried out using MATLAB® applying Otsu’s thresholding method. It was established that for the current setup the minimum detectable quantity of fouling was of the order 10–4 g/mm2. The assessment process was correlated against that of Adenosine Triphosphate assay, an industry-standard process for assessing the cleanliness of food contact surfaces. The implications of the investigated technique overcome one barrier to plastic food packaging reuse on an industrial scale. Fast and reliable fouling evaluation of every pack will underpin business and consumer trust in such a circular material flow. The established technique has the potential to form part of the wider reuse system for polymer packaging. Implications on optical detection optimization, packaging design, and suitability for automation are discussed alongside wider food supply chain considerations.
A Comparative Sustainability Assessment of Cutting Fluids Usage in Band Sawing
Authors: Rangasamy Nithin , Kirwin Roan , Rakurty C. S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCutting fluids used in machining have received a lot of attention due to their adverse environmental and economic effects. Researchers have studied cutting fluid usage in traditional machining processes such as turning, facing, milling, etc. However, few studies focused on the cutting fluid used in band sawing applications. This study reports a literature review of the usage of the cutting fluid in band sawing and their sustainable and economic aspects. A review of the literature and industrial data has shown that the majority of band saw blades use high-speed steel as the cutting tool material for cutting metal. This study presents a metric-based sustainability assessment and a detailed analysis of recent economic factors such as the cost of the cutting fluids used in band sawing through industrial case studies. A global survey of the cutting fluid usage in the bandsawing application has shown that the majority of the industry is employing flood coolant application. The flood coolant application cost can be as high as 8% of the total consumables cost of the band sawing process.
Potential Analysis for the Use of Bio-Based Plastics with Natural Fiber Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Friedel Andreas , Junk Stefan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlastics are used today in many areas of the automotive, aerospace and mechanical engineering industries due to their lightweight potential and ease of processing. Additive manufacturing is applied more and more frequently, as it offers a high degree of design freedom and eliminates the need for complex tools. However, the application of additively manufactured components made of plastics have so far been limited due to their comparatively low strength. For this reason, processes that offer additional reinforcement of the plastic matrix using fibers made of high-strength materials have been developed. However, these components represent a composite of different materials produced on the basis of fossil raw materials, which are difficult to recycle and generally not biodegradable.Therefore, this paper will explore the potential for new composite materials whose matrix consists of a bio-based plastic. In this investigation, it is assumed that the matrix is reinforced with a fibrous material made of natural fiber to significantly increase the strength. This potential material should offer a lightweight yet strong structure and be biodegradable after use under controlled conditions. Therefore, the state of the art in the use of bio-based materials in 3D printing is first presented. In order to determine the economic boundary conditions, the growth potentials for bio-based materials are analyzed. Also, the recycling prospects for bio-based plastics will also be highlighted. The greenhouse gas emissions and land use to be expected when using bio-based materials are also estimated. Finally, the degradability of the composites is discussed.
A Framework to Compute Carbon Emissions Generated from Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Vasiliki C. , Paraskevopoulou Aikaterini , Stavropoulos Panagiotis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is an emerging and promising technology increasingly adopted from Industry. However, Industry is responsible for the majority of global carbon emissions (CEs), heavily contributing to greenhouse effect. Therefore, it is important to define the environmental impact of all processes, including AM carbon footprint. This work aims at reviewing literature for the equations for CE calculations of AM and developing a framework for CEs calculations generated from all the types of AM. Literature was found for some AM types, with each type of AM described stepwise and categorized per Process, Machine and System level. At each step, the equations for CEs, based on carbon emission factor and energy spent, were allocated. At process level, CEs come exclusively from the energy spent for curing. At the machine level, CEs are related to the process, auxiliary equipment and consumables. At system level, additional CEs are derived from material used, pre-processing and post-processing steps. Total carbon emissions are the sum of CEs at machine level and additional CEs from system level. Generalization of this approach led to a framework that can be used for all types of AM, to calculate CEs of each AM type based on the steps included.
Competencies to Address the Industrial Additive Manufacturing Towards Sustainable Production
Authors: Melo Gustavo , Kies Alexander , Paluch Stefanie , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince the North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) region is currently undergoing a structural change towards a CO2 neutral energy supply, the use of additive manufacturing (AM) can offer great potential to produce in a more sustainable way. AM can also offer opportunities for industry with regard to other aspects, since production complexity can also be reduced, and time-to-market shortened at the same time. Against this background of increasing importance of AM, this study has the focus to find out what competencies an employee in AM should have in order to establish him/herself in this area in the future and successfully use AM in the industry. For this purpose, problem-centered and guided expert interviews were conducted with 19 experts from different industries. The interviews were then transcribed and evaluated using Mayring’s content analysis. A key finding of this work is that knowledge of technology and materials, the ability to part identification, and a basic understanding of the process chain in AM are among the most important hard skills for a future employee in AM. Regarding soft skills, the willingness to openly exchange ideas, the ability to work in a team in conjunction with good communication skills, a conscientious approach to work and the right mindset are emphasized. In conclusion, regarding structural change in NRW, it is clear from the interviews that the experts particularly suggest opportunities in the area of sustainability, but also greater collaboration within companies and universities involved in AM.
Simulation-Based Efficiency Comparison of Different Mains Configurations for DC Grid Branches for Supplying Production Plants Based on a Rule-Compliant Design
Authors: Gutwald Benjamin , Ndjiemeni Freddy Ngankam , Barth Martin , Franke Jörg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNumerous research projects are investigating direct current (DC) grids for supplying energy to production plants. The motivation is the higher efficiency and lower material requirements compared to conventional grid structures, as fewer electrical conversion processes occur, regenerative energies can be coupled in more efficiently and recuperation energy can be stored better. The grid form and the associated earthing concept require different protective devices. The publication simulates two possible grid forms and compares the efficiency with an approximated power curve of a production cell. The publication gives researchers and plant planners an impression of how such a network is designed and which components influence the efficiency. It serves as a decision-making aid for the selection of the grid form and helps with the design of the electrical components.
The Use of Gentani Approach for Benchmarking Resource Efficiency in Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Sarfraz Shoaib , Jolly Mark , Salonitis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe majority of today’s manufacturing processes are based on well-developed and well-established procedures that are characteristics of mature technologies. The manufacturing industries have not evolved significantly over time because of recent economic, environmental, and societal advances at an unprecedented rate. As a result, there are numerous challenges and opportunities available, especially regarding resource efficiency. The majority of industrial processes consume far more energy than the theoretical minimal process energy requirements. This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework utilising the Gentani approach whilst targeting the minimum resources needed to carry out a process for use by manufacturing industries. The resource efficiency (exergy) metric has also been discussed that can be used as a tool to evaluate the efficiency of industry, depicting a more holistic level of energy and material consumption. The framework will help manufacturing industries in lowering costs and remain competitive by improving resource efficiency, aimed at reducing resource use and providing value delivery. The study will also assist in transforming these industries into resource-efficient modern manufactories in line with the Net-Zero 2050 agenda.
Conceptual Framework of a Digital Twin Fostering Sustainable Manufacturing in a Brownfield Approach of Small Volume Production for SMEs
Authors: Krommes Sandra , Tomaschko Florian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSMEs are increasingly forced to shift to more sustainable manufacturing. Industry 4.0 can support the transformation and foster innovation. But, SMEs need solutions with a low barrier to entry in terms of investment, IT knowledge and capacities. A framework based on value and material flow analysis, low investments and user-oriented IT skills is proposed. As an example, it is implemented in the furniture industry and shows a digital twin in terms of monitoring the energy and material flows. In addition, a product-specific allocation of energy consumption, energy peak shaving and other applications are possible.
Smart Manufacturing Systems for Small Medium Enterprises: A Conceptual Data Collection Architecture
Authors: Kanakana-Katumba M. G. , Maladzi R. W. , Oyesola M. O. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSmart manufacturing is the future of sustainable manufacturing entities with the emergence of innovative technologies readily available to foster industrial production. It becomes imperative for Small Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to adopt the initiatives of the fourth industrial revolution termed Industry 4.0, to improve productivity and efficiency. SMEs are vital for the economic growth and social transformation of any nation, as such incorporating emerging technologies would generate more revenue and support sustainability. One of the major challenges facing the SMEs in a competitive and dynamic manufacturing environment is adapting the technique and implementation of smart enabled systems. The current manufacturing data information architecture for smart manufacturing is premeditated for big organisations with funding and skills to implement such systems, however SMEs struggles to cope with such advancement. This paper aim to propose a concept based data collection architecture to aid SME using the systems of smart manufacturing for internetwork communication, prediction and analysis. This study proposes a conceptual data architecture framework, which SMEs can utilise for data collection and integrate into any type of small-scale industrial production settings to enable effective decision-making. The successful demonstration of the concept is to gear manufacturing SMEs towards smart systems with no-need for high-level implementation techniques.
Model-Based Method for Low-Effort Part-Specific CO2-Accounting During the Production on Machine Tools Using PLC Data
Authors: Sarikaya Erkut , Weyand Astrid , Dück Dominik , Weigold Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of advancing climate change, the pressure on industry as the second largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide is increasing. Climate neutrality and the effects on the climate of products or services are gaining more and more political and social attention. Thus, this paper is dedicated to the investigation of the holistic influence of machined components on greenhouse gas emissions. Optimisations can only be achieved through a profound understanding of the important factors in relation to climate neutrality of industrial production. To this end, a method is developed that allows the low-effort quantification of part-specific greenhouse gases emitted during the production on a CNC machine tool. Validating experiments are conducted in a real industrial environment. Finally, potential for improvement is outlined.
Conversion of a Manufacturing Lab as a Learning Factory to Educate Factories of the Future Concept
Authors: Somaskantha Iyer Smirthya , Dissanayaka Nuwan , Kulatunga Asela K. , Dharmawardhana Mahanama 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe demand for enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of the manufacturing industry has rapidly increased over the years due to mass customization to cater to the needs of society. The conventional manufacturing industry could not survive these rapid changes. Though, the manufacturing sector is the forerunner to embrace technological paradigm shift, which paves the way for Industry 4.0 or the 4th industrial revolution. With Industry 4.0, now many world leaders are moving towards a new concept called “Factories of the Future” (FoF), which predominantly engages with the cyber-physical world to digitalize manufacturing while maintaining a strong link between hardware and the cyber-physical world. To perform any manufacturing, engineering teaching/learning programs should introduce these concepts with some practical exposure, which will enable students to contribute to the manufacturing industry all around the world. Therefore, this study focuses on converting an old manufacturing lab into a learning factory to promote FoF concept. This is achieved by enabling existing manufacturing machines to be digitally connected via Industry 4.0 while creating connections with the other machines to create flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). Competencies in integrated scheduling of machine centers and autonomous material handling systems were also explored. Furthermore, the study suggested that the conversion of the manufacturing lab needs to be done in many different integration platforms.
Evaluation of Competencies for a Sustainable Industrial Environment
Authors: Campana G. , Mele M. , De Bortoli L. , Cimatti B. , Kobayashi H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe organisation of worker activities in manufacturing shops have been differently conceived depending on political, societal, environmental and economic circumstances affecting industrial development. From Taylorism and Fordism through Lean Manufacturing to the innovative Cell Production system, the level and quality of abilities and competencies of workers have increasingly become the kernel of factory management models. Sustainability has increasingly become a crucial factor for product success. The design and manufacture of industrial products are conceived in circular loops within the 6R framework. The digitalisation of information has allowed significant advancements. Qualified and skilled operators have accompanied and led these evolutions, and their abilities and creativity have grown relevant, despite the continuous increase in automation.This work investigates the contribution of craftsmanship abilities in the industrial environment. For this purpose, the Craftsmanship Index has been proposed to assign a quantitative value to the craftsmanship skills contributing to the manufacturing activities. A customised questionnaire to be administered to workers is used to calculate this index, which is helpful to analyse worker abilities and the way they are learned and developed, being part of effective management and decision-making tools. A case study in the Japanese manufacturing environment expands on previous results achieved in Italy.The Craftsmanship Index allowed us to give a quantitative relevance to the level of abilities of operators depending on the analysed department. Some cultural differences have also emerged thanks to the comparison between the Japanese and the Italian culture.