bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of pulmonary function with mild cognitive impairment, its progression to dementia and brain pathologies: A community‐based cohort study
Authors: Wang Jiao , Dove Abigail , Song Ruixue , Qi Xiuying , Ma Jun , Bennett David A , Xu Weili 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association of pulmonary function (PF) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the association of PF with MCI and its progression to dementia, and brain pathologies.MethodWithin the Rush Memory and Aging Project, the 1,312 dementia‐free participants (mean age: 79.41±7.77 years) included a cognitively intact group (n = 985) and an MCI group (n = 327). The two groups were followed for up to 21 years to detect incident MCI and dementia. PF was assessed with a composite score based on forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1s, and peak expiratory flow measured at baseline, and further divided into tertiles (i.e., lowest, middle, and highest). MCI and dementia were diagnosed following standard criteria. During the follow‐up, 540 participants died and underwent autopsies for neuropathological assessment (including Alzheimer’s disease [AD], and vascular brain pathologies). Data were analyzed using Cox regression, Laplace regression, and logistic regression.ResultDuring the follow‐up (median 7 years, interquartile range 4‐10 years), 461 participants developed MCI in the cognitively intact group, and 324 had dementia among participants with MCI. Compared to the highest PF, the multi‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.95 (1.43‐2.66) for MCI in the cognitively intact group, and 1.55 (1.03‐2.33) for dementia in the MCI group, respectively. The median time from MCI to dementia development was 2.75 (95% CI: 2.15‐3.34) years shorter in people with the lowest PF than those with the highest PF. In the pathological data analysis, the lowest PF was significantly related to higher AD pathology (odds ratio [OR]: 1.32, 95% CI 1.19‐1.47) and vascular brain pathologies (OR: 3.05, 95% CI 1.49‐6.25) compared to the highest PF.ConclusionThe lowest PF is associated with nearly 2‐fold risk of MCI and accelerates progression from MCI to dementia by almost 3 years. Both neurodegenerative and vascular mechanisms may underlie this association.
Tau influences the severity of delusions in older persons with early‐stage cognitive decline
Authors: Khoury Marc A , Bahsoun Mohamad‐Ali , Fahdel Ayad , Shunbuli Shukrullah , Venkatesh Saanika , Ghazvanchachi Abdollah , Mitha Samir , Chan Karissa , Fornazzari Luis R , Churchill Nathan W , Ismail Zahinoor , Munoz David G. , Schweizer Tom A. , Moody Alan R. , Fischer Corinne E. , Khademi April 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between delusional severity and structural brain changes in patients with cognitive decline is unclear. In prior work by our group, we conducted texture and volume analysis of Normal Appearing Brain Matter (NABM) using FLAIR MRI sequences in a cognitively impaired delusional cohort. Our results demonstrated that with more severe delusions, greater global brain disease burden and tissue degeneration in NABM is apparent. In this study we examined the relationship between our findings and neurodegenerative biomarkers, ApoE4 and plasma tau.MethodsA total of 42 patients with Alzhiemer’s disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) with delusions as identified by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Quick version (NPI‐Q) were selected from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). From fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, Brain extraction and intensity standardization alghorthims were applied to extract the normal‐appearing brain matter (NABM). Three biomarkers were measured from the NABM region, which included volume and two texture features called integrity and damage that measure the structural integrity of tissue and tissue damage. Statistical analysis included a multivariable stepwise regression of each biomarker as a dependent variable across delusional severity groups 1 (lowest severity) to 3 (highest severity) and the inclusion of sex, age, education, ApoE4 and plasma tau as co‐variates.ResultsData were gathered on the 42 participants representing 164 MRI scans. Significant associations were found between baseline plasma tau, delusional severity group 3 for the NABM integrity and volume biomarkers (p<.05). Additionally, ApoE4 homozygotes were signficantly associated to NABM volume, integrity and damage, though no association was found with delusional severity.ConclusionThese findings suggest that plasma tau may be linked to both delusional severity and structural alterations within the NABM while ApoE4 status is more strongly associated with structural alterations in the NABM with no effect on delusional severity. Further longitudinal studies are required to establish plasma tau associated mechanisms of delusional severity.
One year longitudinal change of tau accumulation on [18F]PI‐2620 PET in Alzheimer spectrum
Authors: Oh Minyoung , Oh Seung Jun , Lee Sang Ju , Oh Jungsu S. , Roh Jee Hoon , Lee Jae‐Hong , Kim Jae Seung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated longitudinal changes in cortical tau accumulation and their association with cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum using [18F]PI‐2620 PET.MethodWe enrolled 54 (69.9±8.5 y, M:F = 16:38) participants (8 cognitively normal [NC], 28 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], 18 AD) who completed [18F]PI‐2620 PET scans at baseline and 1 y follow up. Subject also underwent [18F]florbetaben PET (baseline only), MRI and neuropsychological tests. Aβ PET images were visually scored as positive or negative. Aβ+ MCI & AD were classified into early onset (<65 y, EO+) and late onset (≥65, LO+) group. Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVr) of [18F]PI‐2620 PET were determined by cerebral to inferior cerebellar ratio and corrected for partial volume effect. Cortical volumes were calculated from 3D T1‐weighted MR images. We also investigated a correlation between the progression of tau accumulation and cognitive decline.ResultThirty eight out of 57 participants showed Aβ+ (1 NC, 20 MCI, 17 AD). Global SUVr values of [18F]PI‐2620 PET were 0.96±0.07 in 7 Aβ‐ NC, 1.23±0.41 in 17 LO+ (76.7±3.8y) and 1.86±0.87 in 20 EO+ (63.4±5.4y) (p<0.001). It increased by 0.09±0.14 (7.0%) in LO+ and 0.14±0.27 (11.6%) in EO+ in contrast to no change in NC‐. EO+ showed abundant tau accumulation in Braak III‐V areas at baseline with rapid accumulation in Braak V area (0.33±0.41 [13.9%] vs. 0.08±0.14 [6.7%], p = 0.010) than LO+ group. It showed abundant and rapid accumulation on Braak 3 areas in LO+ group (1.61±0.53 at baseline, change: 0.15±0.25 [8.2%]). Deterioration of the visuospatial function and verbal memory was associated with the progression of tau accumulation in Braak III‐V areas in EO+ group. Progressive atrophy in Braak III‐V areas were associated with the progression of tau accumulation in LO+ group whereas hippocampal atrophy did in EO+ group.ConclusionTau accumulation measured by [18F]PI‐2620 in EO+ showed rapid accumulation in Braak III‐V areas and correlated with deterioration of the visuospatial function and verbal memory. It suggests that [18F]PI‐2620 PET is potential biomarker for selecting therapeutic target and monitoring treatment effect for tau targeting treatment.
Leveraging natural language processing to identify social determinants of health for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias from electronic medical records
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Najarian Cyrus , Vydiswaran V. G. Vinod , Bynum Julie , Mahmoudi Elham 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial determinants of health (SDoH) have a significant impact on the well‐being of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). ADRD patients from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are generally subject to higher risks of adverse health events than those from advantaged groups. However, information related to SDoH is not collected systematically in most medical institutions. Unstructured electronic medical records (EMRs), including free‐text clinical narratives and nurse and social worker notes, may include salient information that can be used to identify individuals who may need assistance. In this study, we sought to develop a rule‐based, natural language processing (NLP) algorithm that identifies from patients’ unstructured EMRs their housing instability, transportation problems, food and medication insecurity, solitariness, and financial exploitation.MethodWe randomly selected 1,000 medical notes from Michigan Medicine between 2016 and 2019 and partitioned them into 750 notes for training and 250 notes for testing. Training notes were preprocessed by a prototype algorithm and annotated by registered nurses. We then trained the algorithm by resolving all human and machine disagreements. The post‐training NLP algorithm was evaluated on the testing notes. The most promising medical notes that found information about SDoH were social worker notes.ResultThe NLP algorithm achieved 85.3% of note‐wise accuracy. Determinant‐wise accuracy scores were 88.6% (housing), 91.1% (transportation), 86.7% (food), 92.0% (medication), 87.4% (solitariness) and 95.3% (financial exploitation). Determinant‐wise F1‐scores were 90.6% (housing), 86.9% (transportation), 91.3% (food), 95.7% (medication), 82.3% (solitariness) and 93.8% (financial exploitation).ConclusionOur NLP algorithm is a stand‐alone module that can run on real‐time EMRs and extract information about SDoH with a high level of accuracy. Findings can be used by clinicians, care managers, and social workers to pragmatically and efficiently reach out to ADRD patients who may need assistance with food, transportation, or housing. In doing this, adverse health events may be reduced among this vulnerable patient population. Future efforts will focus on making this algorithm generalizable for use at other institutions.
Best practices for conducting person‐centered life story assessments for people living with dementia: A scoping review
Authors: Gholizadeh Shadi , Popolizio Elizabeth M. , Wile Michelle , Smith Erica C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a growing commitment to incorporating the life stories of people with dementia as part of their person‐centered care. Although there has been some research exploring the role of life story work and reminiscence therapy on various dementia‐related outcomes, there has been relatively little scholarly work examining best practices for the incorporation of the life stories of people with dementia as part of a person‐centered assessment. The aim of this scoping review is to examine the themes and gaps associated with undertaking life history/life story assessment (LSA).MethodTwo databases (PubMed and PsychINFO) were searched from inception through October 1st, 2021 for English‐language articles and books using keywords relating to life story and dementia. The search returned 119 articles after removal of duplicates with 28 selected for inclusion into the review.ResultSix key themes emerged, including 1) the lack of a standardized approach or best practices in LSA, 2) differing goals in LSA (e.g., the creation of a life story book for reminiscence therapy versus the collection of data to help guide carer interactions), 3) the importance of flexibility in collecting information, 4) the role of close others as collateral sources of information, 5) the potential for one’s own biases and context to influence how and what information is collected, and 6) the role of technology in facilitating LSA.ConclusionIncorporating LSA is an important aspect of person‐centered care for people with dementia, yet there is little guidance on how to best approach the assessment. There are gaps in understanding the administration and mechanisms of LSA and the role of LSA in guiding daily care interactions and carer impacts (e.g., self‐efficacy in caring). There is a need for tools and guidance to enable individuals with varied professional backgrounds and disparate cultural contexts to collect life stories that are inclusive and encompass the many salient identities that a person with dementia might hold.
A scoping review of social media use as a form of engagement among people with dementia
Authors: Gholizadeh Shadi , Popolizio Elizabeth M. , Wile Michelle , Smith Erica C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are an estimated 50 million adults living with dementia worldwide, a number that is projected to triple by 2050 (Patterson, 2018). Because there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, maintaining and supporting quality life are among the most important care targets. Engagement in meaningful and purposeful activities is a cornerstone of quality of life, however opportunities for participation in meaningful activities can be limited for people with dementia (Wenborn et al., 2008). Although social media has the potential to be a source of engagement and connectivity for people with dementia, there is little known about the impacts of social media use on engagement‐related outcomes in people with dementia.MethodTwo databases (PubMed and PsychINFO) were searched from 2000 through November 12st, 2021 for English‐language articles with search terms relating to dementia and social media in the title. The search returned 23 articles after removal of duplicates with 7 selected for inclusion into the review.ResultAlthough there has been an increase in the scholarly exploration of using social media as a tool or raising awareness about dementia and providing a space for connection for carers, there is little research examining social media use in people with dementia. The research that does exist has primarily explored Twitter use and people with early‐onset dementia. Themes that emerged from the articles reviewed included 1) social media use as a tool to counter loss of identity, 2) social media as a forum for support following a diagnosis, 3) a need for greater accessibility, 4) the presence and lack of consideration regarding safety and privacy risks, and 5) dementia activism as a source of engagement and purpose.ConclusionThe potential for social media to be a tool for social engagement for people living with dementia is relatively unexplored as are the considerations for safety and privacy. There is a need to more broadly understand the patterns and context of social media use among people with dementia. There are also opportunities for interventions using social media as a pathway to intergenerational and social connection, meaningful engagement, and cognitive stimulation.
Genetic prion diseases presenting as frontotemporal lobar degeneration: clinical features and diagnostic challenge
Authors: Chen Zhongyun , Wu Liyong , Chu Min , Kong Yu , Xie Kexin , Cui Yue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundElucidate the clinical and ancillary feature of genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) presenting with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in order to aid early identification, diagnosis, and referral for genotype testing.MethodGlobal data of gPrDs presenting with FTLD caused by prion protein gene (PRNP) mutations were collected from literature review and our records. Fifty‐one cases of typical FTLD and 136 of prion diseases admitted to our institution were included as controls. Clinical and ancillary data of the different groups were compared.ResultForty‐nine cases of gPrDs presenting with FTLD were identified, 23 of which were female. Twenty‐three mutations in PRNP have been reported to be associated with the FTLD, with P39L being the most commonly reported, seen in 4 families with 5 cases. Compared to FTLD or prion diseases, gPrDs presenting with FTLD is characterized by earlier onset age (median: 45 vs. 61/60 years) and stronger family history (81.6% vs. 27.5/13.2%). In addition, gPrDs presenting with FTLD exhibited shorter duration (median: 5 vs. 8 years), and a higher rate of clinical and ancillary features of prion diseases compared to FTLD. Compared to prion diseases, gPrDs presenting with FTLD had a longer duration of symptoms (median: 5 vs. 1.1 years), higher rates of frontotemporal atrophy (89.7% vs. 3.3%), lower rates of periodic short‐wave complexes on EEG (0% vs. 29.4%), and hyperintensity on MRI (25.0% vs. 83.0%). The frequency of the Val allele for codon 129 in PRNP carriers with FTLD was significantly higher than that reported in literature for gPrDs (33.3% vs. 19.2%).ConclusionGPrDs presenting with FTLD is characterized by early‐onset, strong family history, high frequency of the Val allele for codon 129 in PRNP. The clinical features of GPrDs presenting with FTLD is intermediate of the two distinct conditions, while the auxiliary features were closer to that of FTLD. Patients with these characteristics need to be considered for PRNP genotype testing.
Cerebrospinal fluid lipid signature as an indicator of risk and rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dakterzada Faride , Jové Mariona , Pamplona Reinald , Piñol‐Ripoll Gerard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLipids and lipid intermediates are essential for brain functions. Lipid dysregulation and its role in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis is well documented. However, little is known about the role of lipids in progression and the rate of progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to AD. Our objective was to determine Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) lipids that could be implicated in the progression or rate of progression from MCI to AD.MethodWe analyzed the CSF lipid profile of patients with MCI (N = 92) by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The association of lipids with progression was studied by logistic regression and a Cox regression model was used to assess lipids associated with the speed of progression from MCI to AD. We adjusted our analyses for age, sex, core CSF AD biomarkers, APOE4 status, and MMSE.ResultForty‐eight (53%) MCI patients progressed to AD during follow‐up (58 ± 12.5 months). Two lipids were associated with progression, of which one as a risk factor (OR 9.288, 95% CI [1.67 – 51.65], p = 0.011) and one as protector (OR 0.048, 95% CI [0.048 – 0.989], p = 0.048). Five lipids were associated with the rate of progression, of which three were associated with a shorter time to progression (OR 2.449, 99% CI [1.226 – 4.892], p = 0.011; OR 2.227, CI 99% [1.119 – 4.430], p = 0.023; and OR 2.542, 99% CI [1.184 – 5.455], p = 0.017) and two with a longer time to progression (OR 0.173, 99% CI [0.066 – 0.449], p < 0.001; and OR 0.442, CI 99% [0.231 – 0.845], p = 0.014).ConclusionOur results suggest that lipid dysregulation could have an important role in progression and rate of progression from MCI to AD. Our data also indicate that CSF lipid alterations could have clinical implications as biomarkers of progression and speed of progression.
Clinical validity of a borderline group in CSF biomarker classification in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yosypyshyn Dariia , Costa Ana Sofia , Kučikienė Domantė , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEfforts to translate the NIA‐AA AT(N) dichotomic research framework of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) into clinical practice should evaluate how to deal with borderline cases. We characterise a peri‐threshold group of individuals regarding Aß classification, using the Aß42/Aß40 ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodWe conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients referred to a university hospital memory clinic for diagnostic evaluation of cognitive impairment. We identified individuals (n = 31) with a Aß42/Aß40 ratio within a prior defined borderline zone. Two additional groups, matched for clinical severity, age and sex, were used for comparisons: a low Aß42 (normal Aß42/Aß40 ratio >0,5; pathological Aß42, n = 23), and a typical AD reference group (A+T+(N+)), n = 50). We compared demographic, clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging characteristics between the groups.ResultsIncluded patients had a median age of 72 years and presented either with mild cognitive impairment (CDR 0.5) or mild dementia (CDR 1). Groups did not differ in demographic and clinical characteristics (education, disease duration, prevalence of vascular risk factors). In comparison to the typical AD reference group, patients in the borderline group were overall similar, except for better mean performance on the MMSE (26 vs. 21, p<0.05), verbal delayed recall (mean z‐score ‐1.9±1.6 vs. ‐3.1±1.9, p<0.05) and verbal recognition (mean z‐score ‐1.65±1.1 vs. ‐2.5±1.8, p< 0.05). They also showed a less severe degree of parietal atrophy (Koedam rating score, p<0.05). Compared with the individuals in the low Aß42 group, the borderline group only had a better performance in semantic fluency (mean z‐score ‐1.3±1.9 vs. ‐2.3, p<0.05), verbal learning (mean z‐score ‐2.0±2.2 vs. ‐2.93±2.6, p<0.05) and less severe score in the medial temporal lobe atrophy rating scale (median score 1 vs. 2, p<0.001). The presence of abnormal phosho‐Tau levels did not mediate the observed differences.ConclusionThese findings suggest that patients in the borderline group are at least partly similar to the typical AD group, as well as the low Aß42 group. Further information from longitudinal data to assess risk progression and cross‐validation in other cohorts is needed to better translation of the AT(N) classification and assist clinical decision regarding borderline cases.
Association between APOε4 allele and cognitive function in healthy Brazilians elderly from Baixada Santista
Authors: Ginsicke Danielle Cristine , Bomfim Larissa Gomes Peres , de Barros Vinícius Lucio , Souza Melyssa Alves , Zanesco Angelina , Colovati Mileny Esbravatti Stephano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe faster memory decline was associated with the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 (APOε4) allele, a genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies suggest that the relationship between cognitive decline and APOE ε4 allele in healthy elderly may reflect the preclinical risk to AD. This study examined the influence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOε4) genotype on the cognitive function of the older people from Baixada Santista (Brazil).MethodThis study was approved by the Ethical Committee Board from Medical School/UNIMES (Number: CAAE 20938619.4.0000.5509). Seventy‐two participants with ≥65 years old, both sexes. were eligible for the study. Cognitive function and the level of physical activity were assessed by the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and Baecke questionnaire for older, respectively. APOE genotyping was performed in 66 out of the 72 participants. Statistical analysis was performed by using the BioEstat version 5.0, Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, z‐score, student t or Mann‐Whitney test was applied according to the normality. The Chi‐square test was used for comparison between the sexes. Pearson correlation was also performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSeventy‐two older people were assessed (women = 52 and men = 20), and the mean age was 73±7 years old, Baecke score (3.74 ±3.82), MMSE (27±3), and educational status (8 ± 4 years). As expected, a positive correlation was detected between the education level and MMSE score (r = 0.359, p < 0.05). No difference was found between the sexes for age, level of physical activity, MMSE, and education status (p > 0.05). Regarding the APOE genotype, we found the following frequency ɛ2/ɛ2 (1.5%), ɛ2/ɛ3 (16.7%), ɛ2/ɛ4 (1.5%), ɛ3/ ɛ3 (59.1%), and ɛ3/ɛ4 (21.2%). No correlation was found between carriers (presence of the ɛ4 allele) and non‐carrier for the MMSE score, varying between 27 to 30.ConclusionOur preliminary data show that the less educational status influences the cognitive decline in the older Brazilian population. However, no differences between the sexes were observed for all parameters indicating a homogenous population. Additionally, the cognitive function score was not influenced by the presence of the APOɛ4 allele in this population.