bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Municipal administrative sanctions in Brussels in the face of the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Tatti Diletta 
Published: May 2023

Les mesures adoptées lors du premier confinement, de mars à juin 2020, ont été caractérisées par leur impact inédit sur la possibilité même de jouir de l’espace public. Des comportements jusqu’alors anodins ont été érigés en infractions. Dès le départ, la répression de ces dernières a constitué une priorité pour les autorités belges. En Région bruxelloise, les sanctions administratives communales (SAC) ont assuré ce rôle de répression, dans une articulation originale avec la répression pénale. À partir de l’analyse de données empiriques quantitatives et qualitatives, l’article se penche sur les contours et les applications de cette « exception bruxelloise », à l’aune d’enjeux liés à la jouissance de l’espace public dans une ville caractérisée par d’importantes inégalités sociospatiales.
High-Frequency Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation at the Sacrum Alleviates Chronic Constipation in Parkinson’s Patients
Authors: Huang Mei , Zheng Bofang , Zhou Wanfei , Fu Huaili , Chen Xinrun , Wu Heyong , Zhang Jianguo , Zhou Xianju 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation (HF-rMS) at the sacrum for chronic constipation in Parkinson’s patients (PD).

Materials and Methods:
Eventually 48 PD patients were enrolled from July 2019 to October 2020, and randomly divided into the HF-rMS group (the intervention group, n = 24) and the sham HF-rMS group (the control group, n = 24). The intervention group received HF-rMS at the sacrum, whereas the control group received ineffective magnetic stimulation. We performed clinical evaluation before and after HF-rMS treatment, including constipation score scale (KESS questionnaire), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III exercise examination), Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage of motor function; simple mental status scale (MMSE), anxiety/depression table (HAD-A/HAD-D), the activity of daily living (ADL), and quality of life scale for patients with constipation (PAC-QOL) to evaluate symptoms and satisfaction of PD patients with chronic constipation.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics between the two groups. As compared to the control group, the HF-rMS group displayed a larger change (pre and posttreatment) in the KESS scores of PD patients with chronic constipation, suggesting a significant improvement. Moreover, HF-rMS significantly promoted the mood, activity of daily living, and quality of life of PD patients when comparing the alteration of HAD-A/HAD-D scores, ADL scores, and PAC-QOL scores between the two groups. Finally, there was no significant difference in the change of the UPDRS III score and the MMSE score between the two groups.

Conclusion:
HF-rMS at the sacrum can improve chronic constipation in PD patients.
Comparison between Epley and Gans Repositioning Maneuvers for Posterior Canal BPPV: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dhiman Neetu R. , Joshi Deepika , Gyanpuri Vyom , Pathak Abhishek , Kumar Anand 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a condition in which a patient gets severe vertigo on moving his head from one position to another. This study aims at comparing the traditional maneuver-Epley repositioning maneuver (ERM) and the newly emerged maneuver-Gans Repositioning maneuver (GRM).

Design:
A randomized controlled trial.

Settings:
Tertiary care teaching University Hospital.

Participants:
Posterior canal BPPV.

Intervention:
Two hundred and thirty-four patients with BPPV (PC-BPPV) of the posterior canal, diagnosed using the Dix-hallpike test (DH test), were recruited for the study as per random allocation. Two groups were divided by the random allocation method. One group was treated with the Epley maneuver and the other with Gans maneuver by two separate physiotherapists.

Main Outcome Measures:
DH test negativity (absence of vertigo and nystagmus), Vertigo Analogue Scale (VAS), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Twenty-four hours post-treatment assessments and data analysis were conducted by another (third) therapist. A one month follow-up subjective assessment was performed.

Results:
Results of one-variable Chi-square tests revealed significant improvement (P < .0001) in maximum (95%) patients of both groups whether subjects were given GRM or ERM. Also, objective improvement (DH test) was found in the Epley group (n = 118, 82.20%) and the Gans group (n = 116, 78.44%). Patients in both groups improved significantly with no dizziness on the VVAS scale (n = 118, 82.20%) in the Epley group and (n = 116, 78.44%) in the Gans group.

Conclusion:
GRM is as easy, effective, and safe maneuver as the ERM with the absence of recurrence for the treatment of posterior canal BPPV.

Trial Registration:
Clinical Trials Registry (CTRI/2019/10/021681).
Adult Onset Episodic Encephalopathy Due to Citrin Deficiency—A Case Report
Authors: Baskar Dipti , Lakshmi Vathsala , Nalini Atchayaram , Arunachal Gautham , Bhat Maya Dhattatraya , Nanjaiah Nandakumar Dalavaikodihalli , Yadav Ravi , Chowdary Ravindranadh , Raja Pritam , Mounika Ambati , Sharath PS , Vengalil Seena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hyperammonemia is a rare cause of adult episodic encephalopathy. Citrin deficiency resulting in citrullinemia type 2 (CTLN2) can lead to recurrent delirium in adults. Here we report a case of adult onset episodic encephalopathy due to citrin deficiency. A 40 years old male presented with one-year history of episodic encephalopathy triggered by high protein and fat diet. He also had chronic pancreatitis and subacute intestinal obstruction which is a novel manifestation of CTLN2. Evaluation showed elevated blood liver enzymes, ammonia, and citrulline. MRI brain showed frontal hyperintensities and bulky basal ganglia which have not been reported. Diagnosis was confirmed by next-generation sequencing which showed a novel variant c. 1591G > A in exon15 of SLC25A13. Hyperammonemic syndromes should be considered in differential diagnosis of episodic encephalopathy in adults. This report shows novel features of subacute intestinal obstruction and MRI findings in CTLN2 expanding spectrum of manifestation.
The High Value of External Anal- and Urethral-Sphincter Electromyography in Differential Diagnosis with MSA-P, PD, and PSP
Authors: Jia Shuangshuang , Sun Chenjing , Zhong Xiaoling , Wang Kunyu , Wang Zhiwei , Qi Xiaokun , Qiu Feng 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
It is a challenge to differentiate multiple system atrophy parkinsonism (MSA-P), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We aimed to explore the value of external anal-sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) and urethral-sphincter electromyography (US-EMG) in differential diagnosis with MSA-P, PD, and PSP.

Methods:
A total of 149 subjects, including 27 MSA-P, 100 PD, and 22 PSP, were recruited. The average duration and amplitude of motor unit potentials (MUPs), percentage of polyphasic MUPs, amplitude during strong contraction, and recruitment pattern during maximal voluntary contraction were recorded. The differences in EAS-EMG and US-EMG results between MSA-P, PD, and PSP were analyzed.

Results:
In EAS-EMG examination, the average duration of MUPs of MSA-P was significantly longer than that of PD and PSP; the percentage of polyphasic MUPs and the ratio of simple phase and simple-mix phase of MSA-P and PSP were significantly higher than that of PD; the amplitude during strong contraction of MSA-P was significantly lower than that of PD. In US-EMG examination, the average duration of MUPs in male MSA-P was significantly longer than that in male PD and PSP; the ratio of simple phase and simple-mix phase in male MSA-P was significantly higher than that in male PD; there was no statistical difference in US-EMG indexes between male PD and PSP male. And because only one female PSP was examined, only female MSA-P and PD were compared, the average duration of MUPs in female MSA-P was significantly longer than that in female PD; the ratio of simple phase and simple-mix phase in female MSA-P was significantly higher than that in female PD.

Conclusion:
The average duration of MUPs and the ratio of the simple phase and simple-mix phase of EAS-EMG and US-EMG all can provide the basis for the differential diagnosis between MSA-P and PD. US-EMG can be used as a supplement to differentiate MSA-P from PD when EAS-EMG is limited. The only discriminating indicator between MSA-P and PSP seems to be the average duration of MUPs of EAS-EMG and US-EMG. There is still a lack of diagnostic electromyography indicators between PD and PSP.
NIMHANS Neuropsychological Battery for Elderly in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Validation and Diagnosis using MDS PD-MCI Task Force Criteria in Indian Population
Authors: Botta Ragasudha , Keshav Kumar J , Kutty Bindu , Mahadevan Anita , Pal Pramod Kumar , Yadav Ravi 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor feature of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment is challenging and routinely missed in clinical practice. Our study aimed to study the efficacy of NIMHANS Neuropsychological Battery for Elderly (NNB-E) in diagnosing subtle cognitive deficits in PD patients.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to validate NNB-E and evaluate cognitive impairment in PD patients in comparison with healthy controls.

Methods:
We recruited 31 PD patients and 31 healthy controls in the current study. We validated NNB-E using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Crohnbach’s alpha, principal component analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlation, and studied the cognitive impairments using NNB-E in the non-demented PD patients and controls who scored ≥24 on HMSE.

Results:
Cognitive performance of PD patients was poor compared to controls. NNB-E showed good internal consistency and construct validity with Crohnbach’s alpha of 0.861 and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.878. The battery was able to detect mild cognitive impairment in 74.1% of patients and 6.4% of controls. The ROC curve showed that the overall sensitivity of the battery was 73.2% and specificity was 92.6% at an optimal cutoff score. Different cutoff values set for defining PD-MCI as per MDS task force criteria resulted in varying frequencies of MCI ranging from 25.8% to 71%.

Conclusion:
Our study established the validity of NNB-E in PD patients, and this tool was suitable for diagnosing PD-MCI and discriminating PD patients from normal controls in the Indian population. This study also showed PD-MCI at various cutoff scores with greater impairment in executive and attention domains.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Followed by Covid-19 Infection, Vaccination and Other Precipitating Factors during the Pandemic
Authors: Martic Vesna , Fejzic Esmer , Danilovic Milos , Lazarevic Snezana , Rajic Sonja , Roganovic Milovan , Stojanov Aleksanar , Jovin Zita , Debeljevic Mladen , Raicevic Ranko 
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims:
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is usually triggered by an infection. Vaccination is mentioned as a possible trigger in a small number of GBS cases. The aim of this study was to notice GBS distinctness provoked by various triggers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and Methods:
A total of 109 GBS patients were divided into three groups, respectively: COVID-19 infection associated (19 patients), COVID-19 vaccination associated (16 patients) and precipitated by some other factors (74 patients). We compared the clinical, neurophysiological and laboratory characteristics of these three groups.

Results:
Neither were differences recorded in the age of the patients of these three groups at the time of illness, nor in the number of days from the precipitating factor to the onset of symptoms. There were no clinical differences between groups related to severity of the disease or patients’ recovery. The only clinical difference was observed in relation to facial nerve bilateral affection because it was significantly higher in the post-vaccination group. According to neurophysiological findings, demyelinating form dominated in all three groups.

Conclusion:
Clinical characteristics, electrophysiological findings and laboratory characteristics did not differ significantly in Guillain-Barre syndrome followed by COVID-19 infection, vaccination and other precipitating factors during the pandemic. The bilateral involvement of facial nerves was significantly higher in the post-vaccination group. Most of these cases had a mild form of the disorder—distal paresthesias GBS variant.
Toll-like receptor 2-mediated downstream cytokine levels as determinant of malaria pathogenesis
Authors: Kalita Manash Pratim , Basumatary Tarun Kumar , Medhi Subhash , Begum Ramie Husneara 
Published: May 2023

Background & objectives:
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins that recognize specific molecular patterns and activate downstream cytokine production usually for the eradication of invading pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphism of TLR2
Arg753Gln (rs 5743708) and soluble cytokines and TLR2 expression levels in malaria disease cases.

Methods:
The study included prospectively collected 2 ml blood samples from 153 individuals clinically suspected for malaria and confirmed by microscopy and RDT from Assam. Stratification of the study groups was done as healthy control (HC, n=150), uncomplicated malaria (UC-M, n=128) and severe malaria (SM, n=25). The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was applied for the analysis of TLR2
Arg753Gln polymorphism and following the ELISA for soluble serum TLR2 (sTLR2) and its associated downstream cytokines, viz. tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ levels.

Results:
Variation in TLR2
Arg753Gln gene showed no association with the susceptibility and the severity of malarial infection. Soluble TLR2 expression was significantly higher in uncomplicated malaria (UC-M) cases compared to healthy controls (P=0.045) and in terms of SM cases, the expression was also found to be higher in UC-M cases (P=0.078). The TNF-α expression was significantly higher in SM cases compared to both UC-M and control (P=0.003 and P=0.004). Similarly, significantly elevated expression of IFN-γ was noted in SM cases compared to both UC-M (P=0.001) and healthy controls (P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present study suggests the association of deregulated TLR2 pathway that leads to the deleterious downstream immune response in the development of malarial pathogenicity.
Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its effect on quality of work life in working women in South India
Authors: Maheshwari Prerna , Menon Bindu , Jith Arya , Bhaskaran Renjitha 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by physical and affective symptoms that start during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and improve on the onset of the menstrual cycle. The estimated prevalence in India of PMS is found to be 43%, but most studies have been done on adolescent and college-going females. There is a dearth of studies in India done on PMS in working women.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in working women and determine its association with the quality of their work life.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Kochi and five different groups of professional women were included in the sample population. A total of 600 participants were analyzed for sociodemographic data, premenstrual syndrome using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool and quality of their work life using the work-related quality of life scale. Chi-square test was applied to find the association of categorical demographic parameters with premenstrual syndrome and with quality of work life in women satisfying the criteria for PMS.

Results:
A total of 48% of the participants screened positive for PMS and 35% of working women with PMS had lower quality of work life (P < 0.001). Highest educational qualification, occupation, and sexual activity were significantly associated with PMS and with quality of work life in women with PMS.

Conclusion:
There is a high prevalence of PMS in working women, which significantly affects their quality of work life. There is a need for further research in this area that can propel improvement in policies in the workplace to boost productivity and growth.
Self-esteem among heinous and non-heinous male delinquent adolescents- A descriptive comparative study from East India
Authors: Srinivasan P , Rentala Sreevani , Kumar Pragya 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Adolescence is the most complex stage of development that causes the greatest difficulties in their life because of frequent physical and emotional issues including deviated character and behavioral disorders.

Aim:
This descriptive comparative study was intended to compare self-esteem between heinous and non-heinous male delinquent adolescents residing in observation homes.

Materials and Methods:
A quantitative research approach with a non-experimental descriptive comparative design was adopted. One hundred and seventy-nine male delinquent adolescents (Heinous = 74, Non-Heinous = 105) residing in two observation homes were selected by convenience sampling technique based on the type of crime committed. The standardized Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale was used to collect the data.

Results:
We analyzed the data with Chi-square for homogeneity of sample characteristics, an independent t test for comparison of self-esteem between groups, an independent t test, one-way ANOVA for the association, and stepwise regression for predictors. There was a statistically significant difference in self-esteem between groups, a significant association of self-esteem with age and duration of stay in the heinous group and with the father’s education in the non-heinous group, and the father’s education, mother’s occupation, substance use, and order of birth had predicted the self-esteem in non-heinous group.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that self-esteem significantly varied between heinous and non-heinous group delinquents. This study is the first of its kind and provided initial evidence by filling the gap in the literature to understand the difference in the level of self-esteem among delinquent adolescents according to the type of crime committed.
Delusional parasitosis: Report on response to olanzapine in a case series of 04 patients
Authors: Agrawal Mohit , Dangi Ankit , Yadav Prateek 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Delusional parasitosis (DP) is a type of delusional disorder which is characterised by single hypochondriacal delusion in which patient believes that he/she is infested with insects/worms/parasite. The authors present a case series of four cases of DP which were assessed in the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra. The patients with DP were predominantly women around 50 years of age who were treated successfully with Tab Olanzapine and psychotherapy with favourable response.
A prospective observational study of change in caregiver burden and psychological distress in caregivers of patients with alcohol dependence
Authors: Rajpurohit Surendra S. , Kaloiya Gauri Shanker , Sarkar Siddharth , Chadda Rakesh K. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Alcohol use disorder has a substantial impact on patients’ caregivers, leading to burden and adverse effects on their psychological health. Currently, there is limited literature which is available to suggest whether the burden and psychological distress of the family members change when patients with alcohol dependence undergo treatment. This study aimed to longitudinally examine the change in burden, depression, anxiety, and stress experienced by caregivers of patients with alcohol dependence undergoing treatment.

Subjects and Methods:
This prospective observational study recruited treatment-seeking men with alcohol dependence and their caregivers as dyads. The burden, depression, anxiety, and stress of caregivers were assessed at baseline and at six weeks, using the Family Burden Interview Schedule and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, respectively. Pre and post values were compared using paired t-test. Interaction effects of resumption of drinking were assessed using repeated measures test.

Results:
Of the 101 dyads recruited in the study, 60 could be followed up at six weeks. Significant decrements were seen in burden, depression, anxiety, and stress of caregivers at six weeks compared to baseline (mean 62.3%, 54.2%, 65.9%, and 53.4%, respectively, all P < 0.001). The decrement in burden and depression was lower in those caregivers where the patients had resumed alcohol use within the span of six weeks.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that engagement in treatment by patients with alcohol dependence may reduce the burden and psychological distress among their caregivers, more so in situations where the patients had quit alcohol. However, the change in burden and psychological distress could be due to several other factors as well.
Reliability and psychometric validity of the Marathi adaptation of coronavirus anxiety scale
Authors: Deshmukh Shrishti , Ali Tahoora , Chaudhury Suprakash , Diwan Chetan , Kumar Santosh , Prakash Jyoti 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The coronavirus anxiety scale (CAS) was developed and validated in 2020 as a psychometrically suitable measure of anxiety incurred by the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic. Since it is available only in the English language, it cannot be used in the general population, most of whom are not English speaking.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the validity and the reliability of the Marathi adaptation of CAS.

Materials and Method:
CAS was translated by bilingual experts, followed by forward and backward translation processes and pilot study. Final version was used. Eighty volunteers, who are versed in both English and Marathi languages, were included. The original English version of the scale was first applied, followed by the Marathi translation, after a hiatus of 14 days.

Result:
Mean score of the original English version was 2.950 (±2.773) and that of the Marathi version was 2.775 (±2.778), showing significant correlation (.001 level) with Kendall’s tau-b of 0.830. The Marathi version of CAS has a high degree of internal consistency as demonstrated by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.809. The scale has significant concurrent validity and acceptable split-half reliability. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation was performed on the CAS responses of the participants, which yielded one factors with an eigenvalue greater than one, representing 58.51% of the total variance. CAS was found to be easily understandable and capable of adequately evaluating and measuring various aspects of corona anxiety.

Conclusion:
The Marathi adaptation of CAS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess anxiety due to coronavirus in the Marathi-speaking population of India.