bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance enhancement of coated conductor magnet with double-layer metal insulation
Authors: Wang Ruichen , Zhou Pengbo , Li Songlin , Gong Tianyong , Zhao Yue , Huang Zhen , Wang Lei , Liu Boqiang , Li Jing , Ma Guangtong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A double-layer metal-insulation method using brass sheets as the double-layer insulators is proposed in this paper. It can enhance the contact resistivity while preserving greater thermal conductivity merit. The underlying mechanism of the contact resistivity enhancement is to increase the number of contact surfaces and to degrade the contact quality between the insulators. Then, we wound a single-layer brass-insulation coil and a double-layer brass-insulation coil to compare their contact resistivities, and confirmed the effectiveness of the double-layer metal-insulation method. Furthermore, since the capacity to withstand the overcurrent is weakened with the increasing contact resistance of the metal-insulation coil, we further investigated the influence of the contact surface resistivity distribution on the coil performance under different scenarios to optimize the double-layer metal-insulation coil for receiving superior thermal stability. The simulation results indicate that dominant second contact surface resistivity and minimal first and third contact resistivity is the optimal design for the double-layer metal-insulation coil to receive the best thermal stability, irrespective of the cooling environment, contact resistivity magnitude, operating current and coil dimension. In addition, with regard to the thermal performance differences caused by the contact surface resistivity distribution, we found that the increment of contact surface resistivity and the overcurrent enlarged the distinctions at different levels.
Mechanism of ion track formation in silicon by much lower energy deposition than the formation threshold
Authors: Amekura H , Narumi K , Chiba A , Hirano Y , Yamada K , Yamamoto S , Ishikawa N , Okubo N , Toulemonde M , Saitoh Y 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Mechanism of the ion track formation in crystalline silicon (c-Si) is discussed, particularly under 1–9 MeV C60 ion irradiation. In this energy region, the track formation was not expected because the energy E was much lower than the threshold of E
th = 17 MeV determined by extrapolation from higher energy data in the past literature. The track formation is different between irradiations of C60 ions and of monoatomic ions: The tracks were observed under 3 MeV C60 ion irradiation but not under 200 MeV Xe ions, while both the irradiations have the same electronic stopping (S
e) of 14 keV nm−1 but much higher nuclear stopping (S
n) for the former ions. The involvement of S
n is suggested for the C60 ions. While the inelastic thermal spike (i-TS) calculations predict that the high energy monoatomic ion irradiation forms the tracks, the tracks have never been experimentally detected, suggesting quick annihilation of the tracks by highly enhanced recrystallization in c-Si. Exceptions are C60 ions of 1–9 MeV, where the track radii are well reproduced by the i-TS theory with assuming the melting transition. Collisional damage induced by the high S
n from C60 ions obstructs the recrystallization in c-Si. Then the tracks formed by the melting transition survive against the recrystallization. This is a new type of the synergy effect between S
e and S
n, different from the already-known mechanisms, i.e., the pre-damage effect and the unified thermal spike. While c-Si was believed as a radiation-hard material in the S
e regime with high S
e threshold, this study suggests that c-Si has a low S
e threshold but with efficient recrystallization.
The assessment of the atmospheric air breakdown voltage generated by the interaction between microwaves and metallic wires
Authors: Mogîldea George , Mogîldea Marian , Zgura Sorin I , Craciun Doina , Popa Cristina , Prepelita Petronela , Bazavan Marian C , Craciun Valentin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research is to understand the plasma initiation process generated by metallic wires when interacting with high energy density microwaves. Lead (Pb) and molybdenum (Mo) wires of 0.5 mm diameter were investigated in this experiment. The tip of the metallic wire was placed into the nodal point of a waveguide cavity attached to a microwave generator, where it was exposed to the high energy density of the microwave field. Following the interaction between microwaves and the metallic wire, a plasma was initiated having as effect the wire vaporization. The experiments were conducted in atmospheric air at ∼1 bar pressure. From optical emission spectroscopy investigations it was observed that electronic excitation of the plasma has high values and it is in a local thermal equilibrium. The theoretical calculation of the voltages induced in the metallic wires when exposed to high energy density microwave field are similar to those measured in air breakdown experiments. The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the tips of the metallic wires showed that the field emission process is responsible for the ignition of the metallic wires and plasma generation.
An atomistic study on tensile behaviors of nanocrystalline copper
Authors: Zhang Yaoxuan , Li Lili , Xiong Liping , He Zhongyi , Zhang Renhui , Wan Diqing , Tian Chuang , He Jiehong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the present work, tensile behaviors of nanocrystalline copper influenced by size evenness of nanograins, crystallographic orientation, grain sizes, temperature, and strain rates are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that Young’s modulus decreases with decreasing grain sizes when grain sizes are smaller than 9.8 nm, which agrees well with the inverse Hall-Petch relation. It is also demonstrated that both strength and modulus of nanocrystalline copper with random-sized grains are slightly higher than those with even-sized nanograins. With increasing temperatures, the modulus generally decreases, while the deteriorate slope of random-sized grains is slightly steeper than that of even-sized grains and the modulus of random-sized presents higher when temperature is below 900 K. This work sheds deep insights into tensile behaviors of nanocrystalline coppers at the nanoscale.
Structural, morphological, and non-linear optical properties of thermally evaporated neodymium doped zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Yadav Sunny , Barala Monika , Dhar Rakesh , Mohan Devendra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The thermal evaporation procedure has been used in the current work to synthesize various compositions of neodymium-doped zinc oxide thin films with varied thicknesses on glass substrates. The Films have a hexagonal wurtzite structure, according to x-ray Diffraction (XRD) study, and the structure has not changed after doping of Neodymium. Raman spectroscopy revealed peaks at 100.49, 331, 434,574, and 581 cm−1 that supported the ZnO phase, and the intensity of the peaks reduced as the number of dopants rose. FTIR analysis verified that Nd had completely dispersed in ZnO. The calculations of the bandgap (Eg) and absorption coefficient (α) are done using absorption spectra. The Z-Scan method has been employed to assess nonlinear optical characteristics for all Nd-doped ZnO thin films. The samples show the change from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA), the process of focusing to self-defocusing, and vice versa. This is due to the fact that the two-photon process is more potent than the one-photon process. The acquired value of the third-order optical non-linear susceptibility χ
(3) is of the order of 10−5 to 10 −6 (e.s.u.) that makes the samples suitable for use in various photonic applications like using as an optical limiter and/or optical switch due to higher values of optical non-linear parameters.
Quantifying continuity of characteristics of composite quantum systems
Authors: Shirokov M E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We describe the most general form of the Alicki–Fannes–Winter method for obtaining uniform continuity bounds for characteristics of composite quantum systems and consider several modifications of this method, which make it applicable to a wide class of characteristics in both finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional cases. We present uniform continuity bounds for the most important characteristics of composite quantum systems. Along with the results obtained earlier by various authors, we describe a number of new results proved by the proposed methods. In particular, we obtain new continuity bounds for the quantum discord, one-way classical correlation and its regularization in finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional bipartite quantum systems.
New measurement of 4He and proton decays from resonant states in 19Ne*
Authors: Ma 马 Kai 凯 , Ye 叶 Yan-Lin 沿林 , Lin 林 Cheng-Jian 承键 , Chen 陈 Jia-Hao 家豪 , Wang 王 Dong-Xi 东玺 , Han 韩 Jia-Xing 家兴 , Jia 贾 Hui-Ming 会明 , Yang 杨 Lei 磊 , Yang 阳 Li-Sheng 黎升 , Hu 胡 Zi-Yao 梓瑶 , Chen 陈 Ying 莹 , Pu 蒲 Wei-Liang 伟良 , Li 李 Gen 根 , Tan 谭 Zhi-Wei 智威 , Huang 黄 Da-Hu 大湖 , Luo 骆 Tian-Peng 天鹏 , Zhong 钟 Shan-Hao 善豪 , Lou 楼 Jian-Ling 建玲 , Yang 杨 Xiao-Fei 晓菲 , Li 李 Zhi-Huan 智焕 , Li 李 Qi-Te 奇特 , Xu 许 Jin-Yan 金艳 , Yang 杨 Zai-Hong 再宏 , Wei 魏 Kang 康 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A

Li(

O,

Ne

)

H multi-nucleon transfer-reaction experiment was performed to populate the highly excited states in

Ne. The subsequent decay particles,

He or protons from the

Ne resonant states, were detected in coincidence with the recoil

H. The excitation-energy spectra of

Ne were reconstructed using the detected proton or

He and the deduced

F or

O data, respectively. A broad resonance at about 7.85 MeV (1/2

) was observed, with partial decay widths different from the previously reported values, which may have a significant impact on the destruction of

F in astrophysical processes. Several resonances up to very high excitation energies have been identified with a large α-clustering strength, which confirm the formation of the cluster structure with a one-hole configuration in light nuclei and encourage further systematic studies of the cluster structure in

Ne.
Stabilization of trapped electron mode through effective diffusion in electron temperature gradient turbulence
Authors: Watanabe T.-H. , Maeyama S. , Nakata M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Multi-scale gyrokinetic theory and simulations of a toroidal magnetized plasma have revealed the existence of cross-scale interactions of the trapped electron mode (TEM) and the electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence. Reduction of the TEM instability growth rate in the ETG turbulence is clearly identified, and is well represented in the form of effective diffusion. A theoretical model based on the stochastic forcing by the ETG turbulence well describes the turbulent diffusion coefficient observed in multi-scale turbulence simulations.
Knee Flexion/Extension Angle Measurement for Gait Analysis Using Machine Learning Solution “MediaPipe Pose” and Its Comparison with Kinovea®
Authors: Gupta Amit , Shrestha Pratisthit Lal , Thapa Bhola , Silwal Raman , Shrestha Raju 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Human Gait Analysis is crucial in diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and rehabilitation. It requires the measurement of gait parameters like joint angles, angular motion, ground reaction force (GRF), momentum, step width, step length, velocity, etc. This study introduces a markerless, easy-to-use approach for measuring one of the gait parameters i.e., knee flexion/extension angle, and verifies it with an existing standard marker-based approach. Knee flexion/extension angle is calculated via Machine Learning (ML) pose estimation model “MediaPipe Pose” and Computer vision (CV) without the use of markers. For the verification of accuracy, the obtained values are compared with the data on each video frame obtained from Kinovea® which is a marker-based motion analysis software. A correlation of 0.941 was observed between the results from Kinovea® and MediaPipe Pose. Similarly, the mean absolute error of knee angles was 5.88 degrees. The research shows that knee flexion/extension angle can be accurately measured using ML solution for high-fidelity body pose tracking. Professionals involved in the field of biomechanics, sports medicine, physiotherapy as well as other medical fields can use this method as an alternative markerless approach for knee flexion/extension angle measurement for gait analysis.
Parametric Modelling and Optimization of Alkaline Electrolyzer for the Production of Green Hydrogen
Authors: Niroula S , Chaudhary C , Subedi A , Thapa B S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Electrolysis is the process of decomposition of the liquid, containing ions by passing electricity through it. This process is achieved by an electrolyzer. An alkaline water electrolyzer uses electrical energy to break the chemical bond between hydrogen and oxygen in an alkaline electrolytic medium. The performance of the electrolyzer depends upon various parameters like temperature, pressure, ohmic overpotential, activation overpotential, etc. In this study, various parameters that affect the performance of the electrolyzer are identified and integrated using fundamental thermodynamics and electrochemical equations. A mathematical model is created in MATLAB/SIMULINK to analyse the voltage vs current density plot of the electrolyzer. An attempt is made to optimize the performance of the electrolyzer through the variation of the parameters. It was observed that increasing the operating temperature and decreasing the operating pressure favours the electrolysis process. Also, 30 wt% of KOH solution as electrolyte exhibits the optimal cell voltage as compared to 20 and 40 wt% solutions.
Green finance: current status, development, and future course of actions in China
Authors: Feng Wenfang , Bilivogui Pierre , Wu Jichao , Mu Xiaoyang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study explores China’s implementation of a green financial system to combat the urgent climate emergency and achieve sustainable development amid rapid industrial and urban development. The research examines the current state of green finance in China, including its development, challenges, and future directions. The study finds that China has made significant progress in establishing green finance, being a leader in green financial products like green bonds and credits. Moreover, as suggested by some literature, green finance products could lead to CO2 reductions. However, challenges still remain, such as promoting green insurance, establishing a unified green financial system, and addressing the lack of asymmetry in green financial information. This research provides an essential contribution to the growing body of knowledge on green finance, offering useful insights into China’s unique approach to sustainable development through green finance.
Balancing performance of active magnetic regenerators: a comprehensive experimental study of aspect ratio, particle size, and operating conditions
Authors: Czernuszewicz Agata , Griffith Lucas , Slaughter Julie , Pecharsky Vitalij 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Effective and, at the same time, efficient active magnetic regenerator (AMR) performance requires balanced geometry and operating conditions. Here the influence of regenerator shape, magnetocaloric material size, operating frequency, and utilization on the performance of gadolinium packed-particle bed AMRs is demonstrated experimentally. Various metrics are applied to assess effectiveness and efficiency. Observed temperature spans and cooling powers across a wide range of operating conditions are used to evaluate system performance and estimate exergetic cooling power and exergetic power quotient. A new metric combining exergetic cooling power and pump power provides an estimate of the maximum achievable second law efficiency. Five regenerator geometries with equal volumes and the aspect ratio from 1.0 to 3.8, and four different ranges of Gd spherical particles between 182 and 354 µm, are investigated. Improvements in system performance are demonstrated by a boost in specific cooling power of gadolinium from 0.85 to 1.16 W g−1 and maximum temperature span from 8.9 to 15.1 K. The optimum exergetic cooling power is observed for 1.37 utilization and 3 Hz operating frequency, exergetic power quotient exhibits a maximum at the same utilization but at 2 Hz frequency, while the highest efficiency is recorded at 1 Hz and utilization of 0.5, demonstrating that multiple performance metrics must be balanced to achieve regenerator design meeting all performance targets.
Meta-silencer with designable timbre
Authors: Wang Nengyin , Zhou Chengcheng , Qiu Sheng , Huang Sibo , Jia Bin , Liu Shanshan , Cao Junmei , Zhou Zhiling , Ding Hua , Zhu Jie , Li Yong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Timbre, as one of the essential elements of sound, plays an important role in determining sound properties, whereas its manipulation has been remaining challenging for passive mechanical systems due to the intrinsic dispersion nature of resonances. Here, we present a meta-silencer supporting intensive mode density as well as highly tunable intrinsic loss and offering a fresh pathway for designable timbre in broadband. Strong global coupling is induced by intensive mode density and delicately modulated with the guidance of the theoretical model, which efficiently suppresses the resonance dispersion and provides desirable frequency-selective wave-manipulation capacity for timbre tuning. As proof-of-concept demonstrations for our design concepts, we propose three meta-silencers with the designing targets of high-efficiency broadband sound attenuation, efficiency-controlled sound attenuation and designable timbre, respectively. The proposed meta-silencers all operate in a broadband frequency range from 500 to 3200 Hz and feature deep-subwavelength sizes around 50 mm. Our work opens up a fundamental avenue to manipulate the timbre with passive resonances-controlled acoustic metamaterials and may inspire the development of novel multifunctional devices in noise-control engineering, impedance engineering, and architectural acoustics.
A review on modelling and numerical simulation of micro hot embossing process: fabrication, mold filling behavior, and demolding analysis
Authors: Datta Subir , Deshmukh Swarup S , Kar Tuhin , Goswami Arjyajyoti 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicro-hot embossing (micro-HE) of polymeric materials creates exact micro/nanoscale designs. Micro-HE processes include plate-to-plate (P2P), roll-to-roll (R2R), and roll-to-plate (R2P). Micro-HE is preferred for large-scale production of micro-patterns on polymer substrates. However, the lack of simulation models for optimization and component design prevents the broad use of this technology. As the size of the micro patterns decreases from micron to sub-micron, it improves performance features. Micro-HE cannot be analyzed using software tools like injection molding since there is no macroscopic equivalent. Commercial simulation software covers injection molding and associated processes. No commercial tool covers all micro-HE process steps, variations, and boundary conditions. According to the author, such review articles are not in the literature. This article summarizes the simulation work in the micro-HE process field related to replication accuracy, mold filling behaviour. In addition to this various models were discussed based on properties of material, based on various forces participate in the HE process, and gives a detailed idea about mold-filling behavior and demolding analysis. Finally, challenges and future scope related to modelling and simulation work in field of hot embossing has been presented.
Efficient resource utilization scheme for real-time IoT application for D2D communication: A distance and power-driven based approach
Authors: Pandey Krishna , Chandra Saurabh , Arya Rajeev 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication provides real-time functioning support for IoT applications using fifth-generation (5G) technologies. In an In-band underlay D2D model, resource allocation is a key issue. To overcome this issue, a distance and power-driven model is proposed. A mathematical problem is formulated with the main objective is to maximizing the spectral efficiency of the network. This work utilizes the concept of distributed processing for achieving our goal. First of all, we proposed a distance and power-driven based resource allocation mechanism (DPRAM) for the improvement in spectral efficiency by mitigating D2D and interference between the base station and D2D users. Then, the applicability of the proposed work has been checked by using the Sigmoidal and Logarithmic based utility functions for the delay tolerance device and real-time IoT application respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed work is capable of providing the best solution as compared to random allocation methods and pure ALOHA by 63.41% and 95.12% and 60% and 96% improvement in system capacity. Analysis of performance parameters such as sigmoidal and logarithmic utility function approves that our proposed approach may be suitable for delay tolerant and real-time applications, such as connected healthcare systems, smart farming, smart grid, etc.
The best constant for 𝐿^{∞}-type Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities
Authors: Liu Jian-Guo , Wang Jinhuan 
Published: March 2023

In this paper we derive the best constant for the following

L

∞

L^{\infty }

-type Gagliardo-Nirenberg interpolation inequality

‖
u

‖

L

∞

≤

C

q
,
∞
,
p

‖
u

‖

L

q
+
1

1
−
θ

‖
∇
u

‖

L
p

θ

,

θ
=

p
d

d
p
+
(
p
−
d
)
(
q
+
1
)

,

\begin{equation*} \|u\|_{L^{\infty }}\leq C_{q,\infty ,p} \|u\|^{1-\theta }_{L^{q+1}}\|\nabla u\|^{\theta }_{L^p},\quad \theta =\frac {pd}{dp+(p-d)(q+1)}, \end{equation*}

where parameters

q
q

and

p
p

satisfy the conditions

p
>
d
≥
1

p>d\geq 1

,

q
≥
0

q\geq 0

. The best constant

C

q
,
∞
,
p

C_{q,\infty ,p}

is given by

C

q
,
∞
,
p

=

θ

−

θ
p

(
1
−
θ

)

θ
p

M
c

−

θ
d

,

M
c

≔

∫

R

d

u

c
,
∞

q
+
1

d
x
,

\begin{equation*} C_{q,\infty ,p}=\theta ^{-\frac {\theta }{p}}(1-\theta )^{\frac {\theta }{p}}M_c^{-\frac {\theta }{d}},\quad M_c≔\int _{\mathbb {R}^d}u_{c,\infty }^{q+1} dx, \end{equation*}

where

u

c
,
∞

u_{c,\infty }

is the unique radial non-increasing solution to a generalized Lane-Emden equation. The case of equality holds when

u
=
A

u

c
,
∞

(
λ
(
x
−

x
0

)
)

u=Au_{c,\infty }(\lambda (x-x_0))

for any real numbers

A
A

,

λ
>
0

\lambda >0

and

x

0

∈

R

d

x_{0}\in \mathbb {R}^d

. In fact, the generalized Lane-Emden equation in

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

contains a delta function as a source and it is a Thomas-Fermi type equation. For

q
=
0

q=0

or

d
=
1

d=1

,

u

c
,
∞

u_{c,\infty }

have closed form solutions expressed in terms of the incomplete Beta functions. Moreover, we show that

u

c
,
m

→

u

c
,
∞

u_{c,m}\to u_{c,\infty }

and

C

q
,
m
,
p

→

C

q
,
∞
,
p

C_{q,m,p}\to C_{q,\infty ,p}

as

m
→
+
∞

m\to +\infty

for

d
=
1

d=1

, where

u

c
,
m

u_{c,m}

and

C

q
,
m
,
p

C_{q,m,p}

are the function achieving equality and the best constant of

L
m

L^m

-type Gagliardo-Nirenberg interpolation inequality, respectively.