bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous data sovereignty in the context of big data
Authors: McLester‐Davis Lauren W. Y. , Gleason Carey E. , Blazel Hanna M. , Zuelsdorff Megan , Lambrou Nickolas H. , Parker Tassy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence that 1 of every 3 American Indian / Alaska Native (AI/AN) elders will develop dementia, they remain substantially underrepresented in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) research. In our partnership with the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin, scientists from the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC) find ourselves at the intersection of two influential and opposing movements: 1) a movement to ensure Tribal data sovereignty, driven by abuse stemming from unrestricted access to AI/AN data and samples; and 2) researchers' push toward free and unfettered access to big datasets, including genetic data. National ADRD datasets include information from AI/AN participants for whom Tribal affiliation is unknown and there is little to no guidance on how to conduct research with datasets where AI/AN race is identified but Tribal affiliation is unknown. We see a need to establish guidelines for researchers utilizing ADRD big datasets and repositories containing data and samples from AI/AN of unknown Tribal affiliation.MethodWe have contacted stakeholders of ADRD research using AI/AN data of unknown Tribal affiliation, including the National Institute of Aging (NIA) Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers Program, the NIA Office of Special Populations, the National Alzheimer’s Coordinations Center, the National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias, the National Institute of Health Tribal Health Research Office, and AI/AN scientists who are stakeholders in the use of AI/AN data. Future efforts will involve Alzheimer’s Disease genetic, biomarker sample, and data repositories, and AI/AN elders, youth, and Tribal members.ResultWe plan to develop a process through which proposed analyses that include AI/ANN data will be culturally informed and reviewed by AI/AN scientist ‐ e.g., an AI/AN Advisory Committee. This would ensure that proposals to use AI/AN data and samples from ADRD big datasets and repositories do not inflict further harm to this historically marginalized group. Moreover, the review would ensure that data sovereignty measures are addressed prior to analysis and publication.ConclusionWe propose to convene an AI/AN Advisory Committee to guide ADRD researchers on culturally responsible management of data, samples, and genetic information collected from AI/AN participants, their Tribes, and their Nations.
68969: Comparative Study Of Neuropsychology、MRI and 18F‐FDG PET in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Semantic Dementia
Authors: Ding Cong , Chen Jianwen , Zhan Yu , Zhao Li , Dong Chunbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundConfusion between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and semantic dementia (SD) in early diagnosis is common, and most previous studies have been based on clinical diagnoses without a pathological diagnosis by biomarkers.Method15 patients 18F‐AV 45 PET (+) with AD and 9 patients 18F‐AV 45 PET (‐) with SD enrolled. All patients underwent the following examinations: (1) Neuropsychological tests, including Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Boston Nomenclature Test (BNT), and Neuropsychiatric Scale table (NPI). (2) 3.0 head MRI examination, the imaging results were evaluated by MTA‐Scale, Koedam scale, and Kipps scale. (3) 18F‐FDG PET examination, PET images were quantitatively analyzed by Neuro Q software.ResultADL score increased in both groups, and the ADL score in the AD group was higher than that in the SD group (P = 0.035). BNT score decreased in both groups, but the BNT score in the SD group was lower than that in the AD group (P = 0.013). There were differences between the two groups in several psycho‐behavioral symptoms; delusions symptoms in the AD group were more prominent than those in the SD group (P = 0.009), and euphoria and disinhibition symptoms in the SD group were more pronounced than AD group (P = 0.015 and 0.015, respectively). The MRI atrophy rating scale showed that the left hippocampus, left frontal lobe, left anterior, and posterior temporal lobe atrophy in the SD group was more severe than that of the AD group (P = 0.018, 0.018, 0.022, and 0.044, respectively). Compared with the two groups of patients, the brain regions with significantly decreased metabolism in the AD group included the right inferior parietal lobule, right posterior cingulate gyrus, and left posterior cingulate gyrus (P = 0.037, 0.014, and 0.037, respectively); the brain regions with significantly decreased metabolism were left inferior frontal gyrus, left medial anterior temporal lobe, right medial anterior temporal lobe, left inferior lateral temporal lobe and left caudate nucleus (P = 0.017, 0.003, 0.037, 0.003, and 0.017, respectively).ConclusionNeuropsychology, brain structure, and brain metabolism aid in AD and SD differential diagnosis.
Tuning the properties of breathable polyurethanes through chemical crosslinking
Authors: Kerketta Anjlina , Meena Mahipal , Dwivedi Shivangi , Yadav Raju , Roy Prasun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present work aims at improving the properties of waterproof breathable polyurethane membranes by introducing chemical crosslinks. A series of crosslinked polyurethanes were prepared by chain extension of prepolymer containing varying amounts of a triisocyanate‐based crosslinker (0–15% wt/wt). Thin polyurethane films (~40 μm) were prepared by a solution casting technique and the effect of introducing the crosslinker on thermal, mechanical characteristics was established. Crosslinking led to an increase in glass transition temperature. All crosslinked polyurethanes exhibited a sub‐ambient Tg. Both tensile and tear strengths were found to improve with crosslinking. Crosslinking (15% wt/wt) led to an increase in waterproofness from 112 ± 11 mbar to 574 ± 23 mbar, while the breathability reduced from 1246 ± 52 g/m2/day to 678 ± 32 g/m2/day. Polyurethane membranes containing 10% crosslinker exhibited an optimal balance of waterproofness and breathability, where the film was found to possess a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 834 ± 37 g/m2/day with a hydrostatic pressure of 490 ± 18 mbar. This was subsequently coated on a cotton–polyester fabric to fabricate a breathable textile which was found to exhibit a WVTR of 663 ± 18 g/m2/day and a hydrostatic pressure of >3 bar, which was suitable for practical applications.
Coloration and branching of polypropylene by reactive processing
Authors: Schmidt Lucia N. , Guapacha Jorge , Quinzani Lidia M. , Failla Marcelo D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReactive melt processing is a known technique used to produce long‐chain branched polypropylene. It involves polyfunctional substances that act as chain‐linking agents (CA). In this work, polyfunctional amine dyes are used as CA in a novel method for simultaneously improving melt strength and fade resistance of polypropylene. Colored long‐chain branched polymer is synthesized by reactive processing of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPg) in the molten state using glycerol, basic fuchsin and disperse blue 1. Selected CA concentrations avoid gel‐like structures and impart good color intensity. FT‐IR spectroscopy confirms the reaction between PPg and the CAs while rheological characterization supports the synthesis of long‐chain branched structures. Covalent bonding of dye molecules to PPg is confirmed by both UV–visible spectroscopy and colorimetry. A maximum total color difference, ∆E*, of about 20 was measured after xylene purification. New materials show good color homogeneity and transparency with minimum bleeding after 48 hours exposure to water and ethanol.
Evaluation safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) and radiotherapy combination versus ICB in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with recurrence or metastasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zeng Yichun , Zhang Liying , Liang Yichen , Zhang Xian , Li Lei , Wang Maoqi , Guo Jingliang , Li Qiuxian , Cao Jin , Gu Juan J. , Wang Buhai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) and radiotherapy (RT) combination therapy is broadly applied in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, meta‐analysis about safety and efficacy of RT + ICB versus ICB has not yet been reported. To evaluate safety and efficacy of the combination therapy of ICB and RT in patients with recurrent or metastatic NSCLC and explore factors related to higher response rates, longer lifetime, and lower toxicity, meta‐analysis of previous clinical data will be presented in this article.MethodsA literature search on patients with recurrent or metastatic NSCLC treated with RT + ICB versus ICB was performed using the Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed up to December 10, 2022. Suitable quality assessment checklists were selected corresponding to various types of research studies. Comparative and single‐arm studies were analyzed using Stata 14.0.Results10 comparative studies and 15 arms of combination therapy were included for this meta‐analysis. RT significantly improved objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) of ICB (I‐square value (I2) = 0.00%, odds ratio (OR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.49, I2 = 0.00%, OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00–1.25, I2 = 42.1%, OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72–0.92, I2 = 34.5%, OR 0.80, and 95% CI 0.71–0.89, respectively). Toxicity between combination therapy and ICB monotherapy did not significantly differ in any grade or in ≥3 grade of tr‐AEs (I2 = 0.00%, OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.91–1.22, I2 = 0.00%, OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.90–2.37, respectively). Subgroup analyses based on single‐arm studies showed that applications of SRS/SBRT, PD‐1 inhibitor, and administration of ICB after RT were conducive to a better DCR, longer OS and mild adverse events (heterogeneity between groups (HBG) all p < 0.05).ConclusionRT can significantly improve ORR, DCR, OS, and PFS of ICB in patients with recurrent or metastatic NSCLC without increasing toxicity. PD‐1 inhibitor following SRS/SBRT could be the best option to maximally benefit the patients.
Multiple types of distress are prospectively associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer
Authors: Roberts Andrea L. , Ratanatharathorn Andrew , Chibnik Lori , Kubzansky Laura D. , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew modifiable risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer have been identified. We and other investigators have found that individual psychosocial factors related to distress are associated with higher risk of ovarian cancer. The present study examined whether co‐occurring distress‐related factors are associated with ovarian cancer risk.MethodsFive distress‐related factors were measured repeatedly over 21 years of follow‐up: depression, anxiety, social isolation, widowhood, and, in a subset or women, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cox proportional hazards models estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ovarian cancer for a time‐updated count of distress‐related factors, in age‐adjusted models, then further adjusted for ovarian cancer risk factors and behavior‐related health risk factors.ResultsAcross 1,193,927 person‐years of follow‐up, 526 incident ovarian cancers occurred. Women with ≥3 versus no distress‐related psychosocial factors demonstrated increased ovarian cancer risk (HRage‐adjusted = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.16, 2.52). No significant difference in ovarian cancer risk was observed in women with one or two versus no distress‐related psychosocial factors. In the subsample with PTSD assessed, ≥3 versus no distress‐related psychosocial factors was associated with twofold greater ovarian cancer risk (HRage‐adjusted = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.01, 4.29). Further analysis suggested that women at highest ovarian cancer risk had PTSD co‐occurring with any other distress‐related factor (HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.20, 4.01). Adjusting for cancer risk factors and health behaviors minimally impacted risk estimates.ConclusionsPresence of multiple indicators of distress was associated with risk of ovarian cancer. When including PTSD as an indicator of distress, the association was strengthened.
Predictive significance of lymphocyte level and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio values during radiotherapy in cervical cancer treatment
Authors: Zhao Mengli , Gao Zhongrong , Gu Xiaowei , Yang Xiaojing , Wang Shanshan , Fu Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this research was to analyze the prognostic significance of the minimum count of lymphocytes (LY) and the corresponding ratio of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte (NLR) in cervical cancer (CC) patients receiving radiotherapy.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from 202 CC patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone at our hospital. Statistical methods including the Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model were included to examine survival differences and identify independent factors that may affect overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsThe research enrolled a total of 202 patients. Patients with higher LY levels and lower NLR values during radiotherapy had significantly better survival prognosis than those with lower LY levels and higher NLR values. Multivariate COX regression analysis revealed that FIGO stage I, pathological types of SqCC, absence of lymph node metastasis, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, higher LY levels during radiotherapy, and lower NLR values before radiotherapy were independently associated with poorer PFS. Similarly, FIGO stage I, absence of lymph node metastasis and lower NLR values during and before radiotherapy were independently linked with poorer OS.ConclusionMinimum LY value and its corresponding NLR during radiotherapy serve as prognostic factors for CC.
Influence of pathogens on host genome and epigenome in development of head and neck cancer
Authors: Desai Sanket 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers, affecting multiple regions such as oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and nasal region, each showing a distinct molecular profile. HNSCC accounts for more than 6 million cases worldwide, soaring mainly in the developing countries.Recent findingsThe aetiology of HNSCC is complex and multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The critical role of microbiome, which includes bacteria, viruses, and fungi, is under spotlight due to the recent reports on their contribution in the development and progression of HNSCC. This review focuses on the effect of opportunistic pathogens on the host genome and epigenome, which contributes to the disease progression. Drawing parallels from the host‐pathogen interactions observed in other tumour types arising from the epithelial tissue such as colorectal cancer, the review also calls attention to the potential explorations of the role of pathogens in HNSCC biology and discusses the clinical implications of microbiome research in detection and treatment of HNSCC.ConclusionOur understanding of the genomic effects of the microbes on the disease progression and the mechanistic insights of the host‐pathogen interaction will pave way to novel treatment and preventive approaches in HNSCC.
Human mesenchymal stem‐derived extracellular vesicles improve body growth and motor function following severe spinal cord injury in rat
Authors: Nakazaki Masahito , Lankford Karen L. , Yamamoto Hideaki , Mae Yoshiyuki , Kocsis Jeffery D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) in young adults leads to severe sensorimotor disabilities as well as slowing of growth. Systemic pro‐inflammatory cytokines are associated with growth failure and muscle wasting. Here we investigated whether intravenous (IV) delivery of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) has therapeutic effects on body growth and motor recovery and can modulate inflammatory cytokines following severe SCI in young adult rats.MethodsContusional SCI rats were randomized into three different treatment groups (human and rat MSC‐sEVs and a PBS group) on day 7 post‐SCI. Functional motor recovery and body growth were assessed weekly until day 70 post‐SCI. Trafficking of sEVs after IV infusions in vivo, the uptake of sEVs in vitro, macrophage phenotype at the lesion and cytokine levels at the lesion, liver and systemic circulation were also evaluated.ResultsAn IV delivery of both human and rat MSC‐sEVs improved functional motor recovery after SCI and restored normal body growth in young adult SCI rats, indicating a broad therapeutic benefit of MSC‐sEVs and a lack of species specificity for these effects. Human MSC‐sEVs were selectively taken up by M2 macrophages in vivo and in vitro, consistent with our previous observations of rat MSC‐sEV uptake. Furthermore, the infusion of human or rat MSC‐sEVs resulted in an increase in the proportion of M2 macrophages and a decrease in the production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐6 at the injury site, as well as a reduction in systemic serum levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 and an increase in growth hormone receptors and IGF‐1 levels in the liver.ConclusionsBoth human and rat MSC‐sEVs promote the recovery of body growth and motor function after SCI in young adult rats possibly via the cytokine modulation of growth‐related hormonal pathways. Thus, MSC‐sEVs affect both metabolic and neurological deficits in SCI.
Neuroblastoma in uncommon age group – A case series diagnosed on cytology
Authors: Dharmalingam Priya , Chenniappan Aparna Devi , Alashetty Soumya , Bidadi Lingappa Kavitha , Patil Okaly Geeta V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant neoplasm in early childhood. It is rare in the adult population.Aims and ObjectivesWe aimed to study the incidence of neuroblastoma in the uncommon age group diagnosed on cytology.Materials and MethodsA prospective descriptive study spanning 2 years from December 2020 to January 2022 was done, in which neuroblastoma cases diagnosed by Fine needle aspiration cytology aged >12 years were collected. The clinical, cytomorphological and immunohistochemical findings were studied. Histopathological correlation was done wherever available.ResultsWe identified three cases of neuroblastoma during this period. Two cases were middle‐aged adults, and one was an adolescent. All cases presented with abdominal masses and revealed small round cell tumor on cytology. Two cases fell into undifferentiated category and one case fell into the poorly differentiated subtype. All cases were positive for neuroendocrine markers. Histopathological correlation was available in two cases. MYC N amplification was absent in all cases.ConclusionIt differs from pediatric neuroblastoma due to the lack of classical histomorphological features and molecular alterations. Adult‐onset neuroblastomas carry a worse prognosis than childhood tumors.
Adoption and feeding of fieldfare nestlings and fledglings by European blackbird
Authors: Wysocki Dariusz , Wawryniuk Katarzyna , Cieślińska Karolina , Wojczulanis‐Jakubas Katarzyna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInterspecific adoption is an intriguing topic in behavioral and evolutionary ecology. As it is a rare phenomenon, seldom documented in the literature, reports of interspecific adoption based on solid data are particularly valuable. A long‐term and extensive monitoring programme involving a local population of European blackbirds (Turdus merula, hereafter blackbird) has yielded, among other things, observations of alloparental behavior exhibited by blackbirds toward fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) nestlings (a single nest, the first‐ever record) and fledglings (12 cases in all). We discuss the observations in the context of the available literature.
Current and preservice teachers' views and beliefs regarding martial arts and the inclusion of martial arts in Australian school settings: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Burt Louis , Riley Nicholas , Eather Narelle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates views and beliefs of current and preservice teachers regarding martial arts (MA) and the inclusion of martial arts in schools.MethodsParticipants completed an anonymous, 28‐item questionnaire made available online via Qualtrics (August–November 2020). Data was analysed using SPSS software to compare mean scores by sex, and between qualified teachers and preservice teachers. Qualitative data in the form of quotes was drawn upon and used to complement the quantitative results.ResultsResults indicate teachers and preservice teachers view MA as a worthwhile and beneficial activity for school‐aged students, and support the inclusion of MA into school settings.ConclusionThese findings may be useful to inform policy and practice in schools, and the development of teacher education programs, professional development courses, and school‐based education programs utilizing MA to meet physical education learning outcomes.
A case of retroperitoneal liposarcoma extending through the inguinal canal to the thigh and lesser trochanter
Authors: Maekawa Takahiro , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Imamura Ryoichi , Nonomura Norio 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionLiposarcoma is the most common retroperitoneal soft tissue tumor. Liposarcomas are often asymptomatic and are discovered after they become huge. Surgical resection is the first‐line treatment for retroperitoneal liposarcoma, but the surrounding organs are often resected with the liposarcoma.Case presentationA man saw a hospital with a complaint of left lower abdominal distention, and a left retroperitoneal mass was noted on imaging examination. The patient was referred to our hospital. The mass extended from the retroperitoneum through the inguinal canal to the thigh and involved the femoral nerve and psoas major muscle. A well‐differentiated liposarcoma was suspected, and an open surgical resection was performed. Complete resection of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma extending to the thigh was achieved without postoperative complications.ConclusionTreatment strategies for huge retroperitoneal liposarcomas are important to balance antitumor efficacy and postoperative quality of life.