bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Philosophy
Authors: Bruskin Signe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Theoretically, the phenomenon of micro change stems from process philosophy and is the primary theoretical approach throughout the book. This chapter unfolds the process philosophical approach highly inspired by Heraclitus and his view of the world as everything is always in a state of becoming and flux. He inspired, among others, Whitehead, who further developed the philosophy of becoming. This perspective is permeated by the idea of change as fluid, ever changing, pervasive, and existing in the micro processes of the organization. Thus, change must be understood as a matter of experience, always in an ever-changing position as it can be reinterpreted in time.
Computing Paul
Authors: White Benjamin L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes how the development of inferential statistics and complex computing algorithms contributed to the scientificity of stylometric inquiries into the authorship of the Pauline Epistles. It shows how, over time, the measurement of univariate features gave way to complex multivariate features that were being measured in multidimensional space. In the computer era, fewer and fewer biblical scholars were engaged with the developments in computational stylistics. Rather, the older, simpler, and outdated studies of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were often referenced by biblical scholars, while novel work was pursued by mathematicians and computer scientists proficient enough to harness the new tools. The chapter describes how even with shinier, flashier tools many of the ideological and historiographical problems that beset the studies described in the previous chapter have continued into the computer era, where there is no consistent finding on the Pauline authorship question.
How States Die
Authors: Lemke Douglas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In How States Die, Douglas Lemke investigates patterns associated with the deaths of states. He broadens the focus from sovereign states to include territorial contenders, and from externally imposed deaths to include states dying from internal processes. How States Die tests hypotheses about state death from a wide range of theories: state making theory, theories about international norms, geopolitics, realism, and the English school. Some of the findings support the conventional wisdom (power politics are unrelated to state death but buffer states are especially likely to die), some force reformulations of the conventional wisdom (the norm against conquest is associated with longer life only for territorial contenders), and some are completely new (conflict experiences are powerful correlates of state death). In addition to offering a new way to study state death, Lemke’s combination of types of states and consideration of both internal and external political processes offers a new way to study international relations more broadly.
Moderate Deflationism
Authors: Salje Léa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 proposes, motivates, and defends a moderate deflationist view of articulatory self-knowledge. It begins by considering and rejecting radical deflationism, a view that denies the existence of any content-bearing mental state at the start of the process altogether. This leaves us with an apparent dilemma: either there is a thought at the start of the process (which lands us with the inflationist views already rejected) or there isn’t (which lands us with radical deflationism). The rest of the chapter works out the details of a moderate deflationist account of the target phenomenon that gets us out of this dilemma. What is posited at the outset is not a complete and determinate thought, but neither is it denied that there is a thought there at all. I elucidate this ‘middle-way’ view, and show how it meets the deflationist challenge of Chapter 1.
Authority, Obedience, and Defiance
Authors: Eisaman Maus Katharine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The nature and extent of authority—the question of who gets to govern whom, and why—is one of the most pressing concerns of the period. The first part of this chapter discusses the cultural importance of these matters: the commonplaces about natural and political hierarchies, and the challenges to those commonplaces. This overview serves as an introduction to the discussion, later in the chapter, of masque, tragedy, and tragicomedy: three genres which reach a peak of achievement in the early seventeenth century, and which engage deeply with the issues of rule and subjection. While masque tends to celebrate royal power and other related forms of dominion, tragedy typically critiques them; tragicomedy combines the two forms to interesting and complex effect. The chapter discusses masques by Ben Jonson, George Chapman, Aurelian Townshend, Thomas Carew, and John Milton; tragedies by William Shakespeare, Thomas Middleton, Ben Jonson, George Chapman, John Webster, James Shirley, John Ford, Cyril Tourneur, John Fletcher, and Elizabeth Cary; and tragicomedies by John Marston, William Shakespeare, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, and William D’Avenant.
Intellect and Expression
Authors: Eisaman Maus Katharine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The early seventeenth century saw a burgeoning of writing in prose. There is not really a single ‘tradition’ of English prose in this period, but instead a very diverse and sprawling array of works. This chapter provides an overview of some of the more ‘literary’ kinds of early seventeenth-century prose. It is organized with several subheadings. ‘Intellectual Prose’ includes works by Francis Bacon, Robert Burton, John Donne, Thomas Browne, and Isaak Walton. ‘A Tale of Three Romances’ considers James Barclay’s Argenis, Mary Wroth’s Urania, and Kenelm Digby’s Loose Fantasies. ‘The Prose of Everyday Life’ discusses Thomas Dekker’s pamphlets and the ‘characters’ of Joseph Hall and Thomas Overbury. ‘Memoir and Biography’ discusses memoirs by Edward Herbert, Ann Clifford, Samuel Rogers, Tobie Matthew, and Dorothy Waugh, and biographies by Fulke Greville and Isaak Walton.
Sorry, Not Sorry?
Authors: Salomone-Sehr Jules 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Denying blameworthiness after apologizing seems fishy. “Sorry, not sorry” is what this might sound like. Yet, this fact conflicts with another fact about apologies, namely, that we routinely apologize for blameless conduct. There is, thus, a puzzle regarding what it is that an apology must admit about one’s involvement in the apologized-for conduct for the apology to be fitting. This chapter solves this puzzle by arguing that in cases where our agency is blamelessly implicated in harmful conduct, apologies are fitting only if they involve an admission of responsibility—where the responsibility in question does not entail blameworthiness.
26 Topical antimicrobial treatment of mesh for the reduction of surgical site infections after hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bontekoning Nathan , Huizing Nathalie J , Timmer Allard S , Groenen Hannah , de Jonge Stijn W , Boermeester Marja A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Use of mesh is essential in hernia repair. A common complication after hernia repair is surgical site infection (SSI), which poses a risk in spreading to the mesh, possibly causing mesh infection. Topical antimicrobial pretreatment of mesh may potentially reduce SSI risk in hernia repair and has shown promising results in in vitro and in vivo studies. Clinical evidence, however, is more important. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of available clinical evidence for antimicrobial pretreated mesh in hernia repair surgery to reduce SSI.

Methods
We report in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL and PubMed were searched up to October 2023 for studies that investigated the use of antimicrobial (pre)treated mesh on SSI incidence in adults undergoing hernia repair. The primary outcome was SSI incidence. We also collected data on pathogen involvement, hernia recurrence, and mesh infection. A meta-analysis on SSI risk and GRADE-assessment was performed of eligible studies.

Results
We identified 11 eligible studies (n = 2660 patients); five randomized trials and six cohort studies. Investigated interventions included pre-coated mesh, antibiotic carriers, mesh soaked or irrigated with antibiotic or antiseptic solution. Meta-analysis showed no significant reduction in SSI for antibiotic pretreated polypropylene mesh (RR 0.76 [95% c.i. 0.27; 2.09]; I2 50%).

Conclusions
Data on topical mesh (pre)treatment to reduce SSI risk after hernia repair is limited. Very low certainty evidence from randomized trials shows no significant benefit for antibiotic mesh pretreatment for SSI reduction, but data are imprecise due to optimal information size not being met.
34 Colonic perforation and ischemia in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Gergel Michal , Kucera Adam , Lancz-Klikacova Anita 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Management of complicated acute pancreatitis (AP) has changed significantly in the last decades, especially in terms of step-up approach introduction, delayed surgery, early enteral feeding, restrictions in antibiotic prophylaxis and volume therapy. Severe colonic complications—ischemia and perforation—remain a rare but extremely challenging complication of severe acute pancreatitis. World literature reports mostly about individual case reports, and there is no current guideline for treatment of this complication.

Methods
Records of Bratislava University Hospital were searched for all treated cases of acute pancreatitis in a 15 years period (2009–2023). In the next step, all patients who required major abdominal surgery for complications of acute pancreatitis were selected, and their surgery records were analyzed for signs of colon ischemia and/or colon perforation. Data on surgical therapy, previous surgeries, outcome, interval since the onset of AP and hospital length were collected.

Results
1386 cases of AP were treated in the analyzed period (735 males, 53%). 35 (2.53%) required major surgery. In seven of these (5 males, 2 females, age 27–71) AP associated colonic ischemia and/or perforation occurred. 5 of these patients died, 2 survived (female 27 years, male 40 years). Colonic resection with ileostomy was performed in 4 cases, simple ileostomy in 3 cases. 1 case was diagnosed by CT scan, the resting 6 were diagnosed during surgery. The period of occurrence since the onset of AP varied from 1day to 8 months. Hospital stay varied from 18 days to 230 and 256 days (both survivors). In 3 cases, colonic complication occurred in the early phase of AP (within the first 7 days). In 4 cases colonic complication was observed during the first surgery.

Conclusion
Our data underwrite huge variability and rareness of this issue, hindering statistical analysis and consensus on universal recommendation. Colonic perforation should be considered following sepsis outbreak during the early aseptic phase of AP, as well as following backsets during the course of the disease. Due to its rareness and severity, colonic perforation and ischemia remains a dark field in the management of AP. Early onset perforation might be a pitfall of strict guideline adherence—delayed CT staging, restriction of antibiotics and early enteral feeding, as well as delayed open surgery.
37 Do biological markers play a role on the postoperative early management of organ-space surgical site infections (OS-SSI)?: A systematic review
Authors: Castells Júlia , Juvany Montserrat , Guirao Xavier 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Considering postoperative OS-SSI, were there differences in terms of antibiotics initiation/source control/healing/morbidity-mortality between patients for whom biological markers (C-reactive protein: CRP, procalcitonin: PCT, and lactate: LAC) were applied as a clinical guide and those treated conventionally?

Methods
Systematic review on PubMed with Cochrane recommendations and PRISMA reporting method regarding the use of the three biological markers (CRP, PCT, LAC) on elective abdominal surgery and their correlation to OS-SSI/ intraabdominal infection: IAI/ anastomotic leakage: AL (the three terms were considered indistinctly) from 01 January 1990, to 12 December 2022.

Results
Sixty-four studies were initially included. Fifteen out of 64 were discarded due to poor initial screening related to the subject of the review. Surprisingly, only two out of the 49 studies answered the key question. Both studies were retrospective and considered CRP in the early management of OS-SSI on elective colorectal surgery. The first one demonstrated that patients followed by CRP protocols who developed anastomotic leakage (AL) had fewer requirements for a surgical procedure. The second study proved that patients with AL for whom CRP guidelines were applied were diagnosed and treated one day earlier. However, there were many studies (especially on elective colorectal surgery) that showed a correlation between biological markers and AL. Twenty-nine studies corresponded to higher postoperative CRP levels and AL. The best evidence was from three meta-analyses and one systematic review that identified CRP levels on the third postoperative day (less than 150 mg/l) as a marker to successfully rule out AL in 97% of patients, allowing for their safe discharge. Another meta-analysis correlated PCT levels on the fifth postoperative day to AL, suggesting that this biomarker might be somewhat delayed in the diagnosis of AL. There was preliminary evidence on lactate levels on discarding AL in combination with other biomarkers, suggesting inadequate intraoperative resuscitation of patients. There was less evidence on bariatric surgery, with five identified studies. The highest evidence was from two meta-analyses that correlated high levels of CRP on the first postoperative day on elective and laparoscopic surgery with AL; CRP levels less than 61 mg/l discarded AL in 98% of patients.

Conclusions
Although CRP protocols in postoperative and elective abdominal surgeries have been widely used (especially on colorectal surgery), there is a lack of evidence about their efficacy on improving postoperative outcomes related to OS-SSI. More studies are needed on this field. However, CRP levels are correlated to AL not only on colorectal surgery but also on bariatric surgery.
16 Open abdomen: analysis of indications, relation with peritonitis, outcomes and prognostic factors for mortality in non-traumatic patients
Authors: Cazador-Labat Miriam , Pelegrina-Manzano Amalia , Morera-Grau Alex , García-Ron Adrián , González-Castillo Ana María , Membrilla-Fernández Estela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
The open abdomen (OA) is a surgical technique originally employed in critically traumatic patients, and later extended to other non-traumatic aetiologies, mostly peritonitis, vascular emergencies, or acute pancreatitis. Indications and results of OA in non-traumatic patients have not been rigorously described. The study aimed to analyse and report indications, prognostic factors of mortality, and the outcomes of OA in non-traumatic patients, with emphasis on peritonitis.

Methods
Single-center retrospective study of 94 OA patients from 2008 to 2021. The decision to perform OA relied either on the surgeon's judgment or mainly on the presence of at least one trauma OA criterion: hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤70 mmHg), massive transfusion, coagulopathy (INR ≥ 1.7), acidosis (pH &lt; 7.25), and hypothermia (&lt;35°C). Statistical tests were performed to analyse survival and identify morbidity and mortality prognostic factors. Observed outcomes were compared to those predicted by preoperative using the Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI) and postoperative using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA score).

Results
OA was performed for peritonitis (n = 54), vascular emergencies (n = 23), pancreatitis (n = 11), abdominal compartmental syndrome (n = 2), and intestinal fistulas (n = 4). The overall 90-day mortality was 55.3% (n = 52), 55.5% (n = 29) were from the peritonitis group. The multivariate analysis emphasizes the major role of altered physiology in mortality. Although 71.05% of peritoneal fluid cultures were positive, being E. faecium (n = 13, 14.3%), P. aeruginosa (n = 12, 13.2%) the most common germs. mortality did not seem to be associated with positive peritoneal cultures or to a particular group of germs. Even though there were not statistically significant differences in the distribution of mortality peritonitis and acute pancreatitis may benefit most from the damage control and OA. approach.

Conclusions
OA can be a reliable treatment for critically ill patients with non-traumatic abdominal emergencies, especially in peritonitis and pancreatitis. Age, comorbidities, multi-organ failure and altered physiology are parameters whose effects seem to be associated with a worse survival rate. High mortality does not appear to be associated neither to positive peritoneal cultures nor to any particular group of germs.
31 Concerning a case: innovative approach to managing sepsis from an infected breast prosthesis
Authors: Blay Lidia , Malagón Paloma , Vilà Jordi , Aranda Daniel , Pascual Iciar , Claret Rosa , Cardona Pere Joan , Carrasco Cristian , Humaran Daniel , Julián Joan Francesc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a 45-year-old patient with right breast neoplasia and BRCA2 genetic mutation. She is discussed in a multidisciplinary breast cancer committee and was considered to be a candidate for bilateral skin and nipple sparing mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgery was performed endoscopically through lateral incisions of 3.5 cm in the axillary midline. During surgery, the presence of retroareolar tumor cells was found, requiring a new retroareolar resection to ensure the anterior margin and to maintain the nipple-areola complex. The immediate postoperative course was favorable and the patient was discharged after 48 hours. In outpatient follow-ups, drainage is monitored, and necrotic tissue is observed exclusively in the nipple during ambulatory check-ups, with satisfactory progress. At 15 days drainage is removed in the right breast, but the patient reconsults at 48 hours due to pain in the breast, erythema in the drainage orifice and slight increase in volume in the lower outer quadrant and center of the breast. Drainage is performed by puncture and purulent material is analized and the patient is admitted with intravenous antibiotherapy. During 5 days the patient presented progressive worsening with increased erythema, pain, fever and sepsis in analytical (&gt;20 000 leukocytes and CRP &gt;400 mg/l) so it is proposed to explant the prosthesis. The patient refuses to have the prosthesis removed and requests conservative management, refusing the explant even with the vital risk involved. In front of a competent patient, an attempt of ‘prosthesis conservative’ management was decided, performing surgery with intense washing of the mastectomy cavity, Friedrich of necrotic plaque with direct suture and prosthesis placement with previous drainage, washed with betadine, prontosan and antibiotherapy + sensitive antifungals according to initial antibiogram. She was hospitalized for 10 days with antibiotics and endovenous antifungal well tolerated, with progressive improvement and discharge with oral antibiotics and control in external consultations. The patient maintains good evolution with normalization of her septic status and good aesthetic result. The pathological anatomy showed free surgical margins.
43 A challenging management of a Y graft mycotic pseudoaneurysm in a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Geropoulos Georgios , Colucci Nicola , Amin Irum , Russell Neil , Kosmoliapsis Vasilis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The incidence of allograft artery mycotic pseudoaneurysms after kidney and pancreas transplantation is less than 1%. Natural history of vascular mycotic aneurysms is characterized by their tendency to rupture causing major bleeding, leading to graft loss and increased mortality rate.

Case Report
A 45-years old patient was transferred to the intensive care unit of our hospital following a massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding, pyrexia and hemodynamic compromise. Medical background included a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPK) back in 2020, followed by rejection and repeated pancreatic transplant (PTA) alone one year after. Abdominal computerized tomography imaging showed a thrombosed graft superior mesenteric artery, with concomitant active bleeding from the splenic limb of the arterial Y graft, due to a mycotic pseudoaneurysm ruptured into the bowel. The bleeding was initially managed with an endovascular stenting of the right common iliac artery, determining an inevitable graft ischemia. Blood cultures isolated Bacteroides sp. so, the patient was started on board spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin/tazobactam) based on the culture sensitivities. Following resuscitation, the patient went to theatre two days after for a graft pancreatectomy, including the aneurysmal Y graft. An iliac artery vascular repair was then performed. The endovascular stent was removed during the procedure. The cultures of the pancreatic graft, vessels and stent were positive for enterococcus faecium, leading to adding vancomycin to the already existed antibiotic regimen. The patient received in total four weeks of intravenous and oral antibiotics. His postoperative course was uneventful and was discharged on the 14th postoperative day.

Educational Highlights
Pancreatic graft arterial pseudoaneurysms is an uncommon as well as quite serious complication following a combined kidney and pancreas transplantation. Initial management of pseudoaneurysms should rely on early diagnosis while endovascular repair could be an acceptable bridging therapy along with long term antibiotics. Surgical management involve removing the infected vessels and perform arterial reconstruction aiming preservation of the graft. However, in some cases graft pancretectomy is deemed necessary to control the ongoing resistant sepsis or findings of ischemic graft.
Sequence-dependent predictive coding during the learning and rewiring of skills
Authors: Takács Ádám , Vékony Teodóra , Pedraza Felipe , Haesebaert Frederic , Tillmann Barbara , Beste Christian , Németh Dezső 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the constantly changing environment that characterizes our daily lives, the ability to predict and adapt to new circumstances is crucial. This study examines the influence of sequence and knowledge adaptiveness on predictive coding in skill learning and rewiring. Participants were exposed to two different visuomotor sequences with overlapping probabilities. By applying temporal decomposition and multivariate pattern analysis, we dissected the neural underpinnings across different levels of signal coding. The study provides neurophysiological evidence for the influence of knowledge adaptiveness on shaping predictive coding, revealing that these are intricately linked and predominantly manifest at the abstract and motor coding levels. These findings challenge the traditional view of a competitive relationship between learning context and knowledge, suggesting instead a hierarchical integration where their properties are processed simultaneously. This integration facilitates the adaptive reuse of existing knowledge in the face of new learning. By shedding light on the mechanisms of predictive coding in visuomotor sequences, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how the brain navigates and adapts to environmental changes, offering insights into the foundational processes that underlie learning and adaptation in dynamic contexts.