bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of snow and meteorological conditions on snow‐avalanche deposit volumes and consequences for road‐network vulnerability
Authors: Kern Hippolyte , Jomelli Vincent , Eckert Nicolas , Grancher Delphine , Deschatres Michael , Arnaud‐Fassetta Gilles 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSnow avalanches are a major component of the mountain cryosphere that frequently create road obstructions. Deposit characteristics determine the extent of damage to the road infrastructures and the period of disruption of the road network, but the factors controlling snow‐deposit volumes remain largely unknown. This study investigates the influence of meteorological and snowpack conditions on snow‐avalanche deposits and road‐network vulnerability based on 1986 deposit volumes from 182 paths located in two regions of the French Alps between 2003 and 2017: the Guil and Haute‐Maurienne valleys. During the period, 195 avalanches impacted the road network in these areas, leading to major disruptions. In the Haute‐Maurienne, correlations between deposit volumes and meteorological and snowpack conditions are high in winter. However, the relationships differ with path elevation and orientation. Results do not show any significant relationship between volumes and meteorological or snowpack conditions for the spring season. Focusing on deposits that disturbed the road network in winter and spring reveals a distinct influence of meteorological and snow variables compared to the overall dataset, with snowfall intensity as the predominant control variable of deposit volumes leading to road cuts. When the same analysis is conducted by considering Guil valley separately or by aggregating the Haute‐Maurienne with Guil valley area data, results do not show any significant relationship, highlighting the specific local nature of relations between deposit volumes and meteorological and snowpack conditions.
High Porosity Poly(ether ketone ketone): Influence of Solvents on Foam Properties
Authors: Rusakov Dmitrii , Menner Angelika , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) is a semicrystalline high‐performance polymer with exceptional mechanical properties, high continuous operation temperature, and is insoluble in most common solvents. Porous PEKK, desired for biomedical applications, is produced by a high‐temperature thermally induced phase separation process using PEKK solutions in two high boiling aprotic solvents, 4‐phenylphenol and 9‐fluorenone, with concentrations up to 20 wt.%. It is demonstrated that the solvent choice has a pronounced influence on the phase separation behavior, which determines the foam morphology, physical and mechanical properties of PEKK foams. Porous PEKK with porosities ranging from 70% to 90%, specific surface areas up to 194 m2 g−1 and elastic moduli ranging from 35 to 100 MPa are produced.
TMT's technical orientation and ambidextrous innovation capability in digital transformation age
Authors: Yang Zhong‐hai , Xu Meng , Xiu Xue , Li Gao‐bo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines the effects of technical orientation of the top management team (TMT) on ambidextrous innovation capability in the digital transformation age. Our baseline results document a positive relationship between TMTs' technical orientation and ambidextrous innovation capability. While digital transformation significantly enhances the positive relationship between TMTs' technical orientation and radical innovation capability, it is not correlated with the positive relationship between TMTs' technical orientation and incremental innovation capability. We discuss the heterogeneity of state ownership, revealing that while TMTs' technical orientation enhances the ambidextrous innovation capability in Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), it is not correlated with Chinese non‐SOEs. In Chinese SOEs, digital transformation enhances the positive relationship between TMTs' technical orientation and ambidextrous innovation capability, but no correlation is observed in Chinese non‐SOEs.
Automated isocenter optimization approach for treatment planning for gyroscopic radiosurgery
Authors: Stapper Carolin , Gerlach Stefan , Hofmann Theresa , Fürweger Christoph , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadiosurgery is a well‐established treatment for various intracranial tumors. In contrast to other established radiosurgery platforms, the new ZAP‐X® allows for self‐shielding gyroscopic radiosurgery. Here, treatment beams with variable beam‐on times are targeted towards a small number of isocenters. The existing planning framework relies on a heuristic based on random selection or manual selection of isocenters, which often leads to a higher plan quality in clinical practice.PurposeThe purpose of this work is to study an improved approach for radiosurgery treatment planning, which automatically selects the isocenter locations for the treatment of brain tumors and diseases in the head and neck area using the new system ZAP‐X®.MethodsWe propose a new method to automatically obtain the locations of the isocenters, which are essential in gyroscopic radiosurgery treatment planning. First, an optimal treatment plan is created based on a randomly selected nonisocentric candidate beam set. The intersections of the resulting subset of weighted beams are then clustered to find isocenters. This approach is compared to sphere‐packing, random selection, and selection by an expert planner for generating isocenters. We retrospectively evaluate plan quality on 10 acoustic neuroma cases.ResultsIsocenters acquired by the method of clustering result in clinically viable plans for all 10 test cases. When using the same number of isocenters, the clustering approach improves coverage on average by 31 percentage points compared to random selection, 15 percentage points compared to sphere packing and 2 percentage points compared to the coverage achieved with the expert selected isocenters. The automatic determination of location and number of isocenters leads, on average, to a coverage of 97 ± 3% with a conformity index of 1.22 ± 0.22, while using 2.46 ± 3.60 fewer isocenters than manually selected. In terms of algorithm performance, all plans were calculated in less than 2 min with an average runtime of 75 ± 25 s.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of an automatic isocenter selection by clustering in the treatment planning process with the ZAP‐X® system. Even in complex cases where the existing approaches fail to produce feasible plans, the clustering method generates plans that are comparable to those produced by expert selected isocenters. Therefore, our approach can help reduce the effort and time required for treatment planning in gyroscopic radiosurgery.
Seeking consultation for urinary incontinence: Behaviours and barriers among Jordanian women
Authors: Mahfouz Ismaiel Abu , Blanker Marco H. , Asali Fida , Mehaisen Lama Al , Mahfouz Salem Abu , Siyam Samaa , Al‐Attar Mais 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe rates of seeking consultation for urinary incontinence (UI) and the barriers against consultations vary among countries and study populations and are influenced by various factors such as embarrassment, perception of illness, resources and culture.ObjectivesTo study healthcare‐seeking behaviours and barriers among Jordanian women.MethodsBetween 1 March 2020 and 15 April 2020, we conducted a cross‐sectional online survey among women 18 years of age or more who have UI and have access to the internet. We collected women's characteristics, UI types, severity, bother, seeking consultation behaviours and barriers. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the variables associated with seeking consultation.ResultsThe data of 1454 women with a mean age (SD) of 41.5 (11.5) years were analysed. Mixed UI was the most common type (56.3%), while 43.8% of the participants sought consultation, and 33.8% waited 1 year before seeking consultation. The most common barriers were embarrassment (52.2%), considering UI as a normal occurrence with ageing (41.5%), and limited expectations of improvement from treatment (42.0%). The most common barriers vary according to UI type. Embarrassment was the most commonly reported barrier by women with mixed UI (29.4%), UI as normal with ageing was mostly considered by women with stress UI (11.5%) and treatment for UI is going to be expensive was expressed by women with mixed UI (19.4%).Seeking consultation decreased among women with more educational achievement (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.87) with university graduates doing so less than women with high school or less educational achievement. Additionally, seeking consultation was more among women who were aware of a family member with UI (aOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.03–2.01) compared to women who were not. Also, multiparous women (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.19–2.77) sought consultation more than nulliparous women.Seeking a consultation was more among women who were bothered by the impact of UI on various daily activities, namely, household activities (aOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.85–2.37), prayers (aOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.07–2.71) and sex life (aOR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.45–4.21) compared to women who were not bothered. Seeking a consultation was less among women who reported embarrassment as a barrier (aOR: 0.534; 95% CI: 0.34–0.84) compared to women who were not embarrassed.ConclusionFour in 10 women with UI sought care, but with a considerable delay between the onset of symptoms and actual care seeking. These outcomes could be explained by the impact of various barriers. Additionally, barriers might vary in different cultures and countries, so culture‐sensitive questionnaires should be considered when healthcare‐seeking consultations and barriers are studied.
Femtosecond Spectroscopy on a Dibenzophenazine‐Cored Macrocycle Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Thom Kristoffer A. , Nolden Oliver , Weingart Oliver , Izumi Saika , Minakata Satoshi , Takeda Youhei , Gilch Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe photophysics of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitting macrocycle consisting of two dibenzo[a,j]phenazine acceptor moieties bridged by two N,N,N’,N’‐tetraphenylene‐1,4‐diamine donor units was scrutinized in solution by steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy. The fluorescence lifetime of the compound proved to be strongly solvent‐dependent. It ranges from 6.3 ns in cyclohexane to 34 ps in dimethyl sulfoxide. In polar solvents the fluorescence decay is predominantly due to internal conversion. In non‐polar ones radiative decay and intersystem crossing contribute. Contrary to the behaviour in polymer matrices (S. Izumi et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1482) the excited state decay is not predominantly due to prompt and delayed fluorescence. The solvent‐dependent behaviour is analyzed with the aid of quantum chemical computations.
Sabatolimab (MBG453) model‐informed drug development for dose selection in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors
Authors: Xu Siyan , Zhang Na , Rinne Mikael L. , Sun Haiying , Stein Andrew M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSabatolimab is a novel immunotherapy with immuno‐myeloid activity that targets T‐cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain‐3 (TIM‐3) on immune cells and leukemic blasts. It is being evaluated for the treatment of myeloid malignancies in the STIMULUS clinical trial program. The objective of this analysis was to support the sabatolimab dose‐regimen selection in hematologic malignancies. A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was fit to patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, which included acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (including intermediate‐, high‐, and very high‐risk per Revised International Prognostic Scoring System), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The PopPK model, together with a predictive model of sabatolimab distribution to the bone marrow and binding to TIM‐3 was used to predict membrane‐bound TIM‐3 bone marrow occupancy. In addition, the total soluble TIM‐3 (sTIM‐3) kinetics and the pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure‐response relationship in patients with hematologic malignancies were examined. At intravenous doses above 240 mg Q2w and 800 mg Q4w, we observed linear PK, a plateau in the accumulation of total sTIM‐3, and a flat exposure‐response relationship for both safety and efficacy. In addition, the model predicted membrane‐bound TIM‐3 occupancy in the bone marrow was above 95% in over 95% of patients. Therefore, these results support the selection of the 400 mg Q2w and 800 mg Q4w dosing regimens for the STIMULUS clinical trial program.
Molecular mechanisms of action and chemosensitization of tumor cells in ovarian cancer by phytochemicals: A narrative review on pre‐clinical and clinical studies
Authors: Barboza Josianne Rocha , Pereira Francisco Assis Nascimento , Vasconcelos Cleydlenne Costa , de Sousa Ribeiro Maria Nilce , Lopes Alberto Jorge Oliveira 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer is the second‐leading cause of death among women with cancer of the genital tract. Currently, drugs derived from platinum and taxanes constitute the majority of ovarian cancer treatments. Patients undergoing this chemotherapy are susceptible to cumulative toxic effects and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, it is crucial to identify treatment options that are both more effective and better tolerated by patients. Phytochemicals in this context are plant‐derived chemicals with antitumor activity that can be used as therapeutic or adjuvant agents in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Consequently, the purpose of this literature review is to demonstrate through existing pre‐clinical and clinical trials the potential of phytochemicals in the treatment of ovarian cancer, the mechanisms of action involved, and to contribute to the development of new therapeutic options for ovarian cancer. For this review, the databases PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried between 2010 and 2022 using terms such as “ovarian cancer,” “phytochemicals,” “phenolic compounds,” “terpenes,” and “alkaloids.” The present review summarized the possible molecular mechanisms of action by which phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, and alkaloids, inhibit this type of cancer, specifically the ability of phytochemicals to induce cell growth regulation, apoptosis, oxidative stress reduction, anti‐angiogenesis, and chemosensitization of tumors in ovarian cancer. As their action and cellular mechanism have already been demonstrated in several pre‐clinical trials, the phytochemicals identified in our study have the potential to be investigated for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Through pre‐clinical and clinical trials, our study demonstrates the potential of phytochemicals in the treatment of ovarian cancer, contributing to the development of novel therapeutic options for ovarian cancer.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the birth experiences of women attending a postnatal discussion service in the UK
Authors: Capatina Nadejda , Parker‐Farthing Claire , Gillings Daniella , Aiken Catherine E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the perinatal mental health of women. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on birth experiences of women attending postnatal discussions.MethodsRetrospective cohort of 434 women attending postnatal discussion appointments at a single obstetrics centre in Cambridge, UK. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. Pre‐COVID (January 2019–October 2019) and COVID (January 2021–October 2021) periods were designated.ResultsThe percentage of women seeking postnatal discussion appointments was not different between the COVID 4.1% vs. 3.9% pre‐COVID period (relative risk [RR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.88, 1.27), nor was the percentage of women reporting negative birth experiences during COVID 75% vs. 77% pre‐COVID (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.09). There was a higher rate of mental health issues antenatally during the COVID period 27.1% vs. 16.6% (RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.37) in the pre‐COVID period, but not postnatally COVID 24.9% vs. 30.2% pre‐COVID (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.12). There was an increase in the number of women giving birth without their partner present during COVID 6.1% vs. 2.4% during pre‐COVID (RR = 2.51, 95% CI: 0.92, 6.85) and reduced birth‐related trauma rates reported by partners during COVID 4.8% vs. 11.7% pre‐COVID (RR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.82).ConclusionThere was no increase in the rate of women attending our service who reported negative birth experiences or postnatal mental health issues. However, there were important impacts of the pandemic on antenatal mental health and partner involvement. Our findings could help guide maintenance of safe and considerate maternity services under exceptional conditions.
Report of the General Committee: 25
Authors: Wilson Karen L. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryDecisions of the General Committee are reported on proposals and requests in Reports 62 and 72 of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants (NCVP), Report 23 of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Algae (NCA), and Report 15 of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Fossils (NCFoss).
Heteroatom Doping Promoting CoP for Driving Water Splitting
Authors: Cheng Wenjing , Yang Huimin , Wang Tingjian , He Xiaoyan , Tian Lin , Li Zhao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoP nanomaterials have been extensively regarded as one of the most promising electrocatalysts for overall water splitting due to their unique bifunctionality. Although the great promise for future applications, some important issues should also be addressed. Heteroatom doping has been widely acknowledged as a potential strategy for improving the electrocatalytic performance of CoP and narrowing the gap between experimental study and industrial applications. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of heteroatom‐doped CoP electrocatalysts for water splitting. Aiming to provide guidance for the future development of more effective CoP‐based electrocatalysts, we herein organize a comprehensive review of this interesting field, with the special focus on the effects of heteroatom doping on the catalytic performance of CoP. Additionally, many heteroatom‐doped CoP electrocatalysts for water splitting are also discussed, and the structure‐activity relationship is also manifested. Finally, a systematic conclusion and outlook is well organized to provide direction for the future development of this interesting field.
Fabrication ofShearing‐Motion‐TypeTactile Display Mechanism UsingSMA Thick‐FilmActuators and Coil Springs Array
Authors: Sato Hayato , Maruyama Akira , Saito Ryo , Mineta Takashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA shearing‐motion‐type microelectromechanical system (MEMS) tactile display mechanism was fabricated to provide a shear vibration stimulus to the fingertip. It consisted of shrinking shape memory alloy (SMA) thick‐film actuators and a supporting coil spring array. The SMA actuator array was designed and fabricated using a flash‐evaporated SMA film (10 μm thick) on a mirror‐polished Cu substrate. The coil spring was successfully arrayed on a glass substrate with an SU‐8 circular array pattern. The glass substrate with the coils was bonded to the SMA substrate to complete the shearing‐motion mechanism. During the bonding process, the SMA actuators were initially elongated by the coil springs. The generated amplitude and force of the fabricated mechanism were characterized when the SMA actuator was heated by applying a pulsed current to be shrank by the shape recovery effect. The fabricated shearing‐motion mechanism successfully generated large amplitude of 41 μm (around 80 μm in reciprocal motion) and force of 22 mN at a driving frequency of 1 Hz. At 20 Hz, an amplitude of 23 μm and force of 10 mN were obtained even though they were reduced owing to the low thermal response. At both driving frequencies, the obtained amplitudes and forces seems to be sufficient for tactile stimulation to finger skin. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Study on the Generation of Carbon Particles in Oil and its Effect on the Breakdown Characteristics of Oil‐Paper Insulation
Authors: Zhang Zhanlong , Pan Xiaomei , Dong Zijian , Zhong Jiarong , Wang Xuemeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe partial discharge in the converter transformer will cause the carbonization of the insulating paper. The high concentration of free carbon particles generated from the insulating paper during the operation of the converter transformer will cause partial discharge, which will aggravate the insulation performance deterioration. For the bi‐directional interaction of carbon particles and partial discharge, the mechanism of insulating paper carbonization caused by partial discharge and the effect of carbon particles on the dielectric strength of oil paper are studied. In this paper, we construct a simulation system of amorphous cellulose to study the carbonization mechanism of insulating paper from the microscopic level. Furthermore, we build a DC voltage experimental platform to carry out partial discharge damage tests of oil‐paper insulation models and to measure the changes in the breakdown voltage with different carbon particle concentrations and diameters. The results show that partial discharge speeds up the cleavage rate of cellulose, generates low molecular hydrocarbon gas and water molecules, and the carbon atoms rearrange into PAH‐like molecules with aliphatic side chains. The surface of the insulating paper will carbonize, then form free carbon particles after peeling off. Afterward, the carbon particles in insulating oil accumulate in the high electric field area and attach to the insulating paper, which will cause electric field distortion and reduce the dielectric strength of oil‐paper insulation. With the increase of carbon particle concentration and diameter, the breakdown voltage of oil‐paper insulation decreases gradually. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.