bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MST1 mediates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by SIRT3 downregulation
Authors: Schirone Leonardo , Vecchio Daniele , Valenti Valentina , Forte Maurizio , Relucenti Michela , Angelini Annalisa , Zaglia Tania , Schiavon Sonia , D’Ambrosio Luca , Sarto Gianmarco , Stanzione Rosita , Mangione Elisa , Miglietta Selenia , Di Bona Anna , Fedrigo Marny , Ghigo Alessandra , Versaci Francesco , Petrozza Vincenzo , Marchitti Simona , Rubattu Speranza , Volpe Massimo , Sadoshima Junichi , Frati Luigi , Frati Giacomo , Sciarretta Sebastiano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeart failure is a major side effect of doxorubicin (DOX) treatment in patients with cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of DOX-induced heart failure need to be addressed. This study aims to test whether the serine/threonine kinase MST1, a major Hippo pathway component, contributes to the development of DOX-induced myocardial injury. C57BL/6J WT mice and mice with cardiomyocyte-specific dominant-negative MST1 (kinase-dead) overexpression received three weekly injections of DOX, reaching a final cumulative dose of 18 mg/kg. Echocardiographic, histological and biochemical analyses were performed six weeks after the first DOX administration. The effects of MST1 inhibition on DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury were also tested in vitro. MST1 signaling was significantly activated in cardiomyocytes in response to DOX treatment in vitro and in vivo. Wild-type (WT) mice treated with DOX developed cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial abnormalities. However, these detrimental effects were abolished in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of dominant-negative MST1 (DN-MST1) or treated with XMU-MP-1, a specific MST1 inhibitor, indicating that MST1 inhibition attenuates DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. DOX treatment led to a significant downregulation of cardiac levels of SIRT3, a deacetylase involved in mitochondrial protection, in WT mice, which was rescued by MST1 inhibition. Pharmacological inhibition of SIRT3 blunted the protective effects of MST1 inhibition, indicating that SIRT3 downregulation mediates the cytotoxic effects of MST1 activation in response to DOX treatment. Finally, we found a significant upregulation of MST1 and downregulation of SIRT3 levels in human myocardial tissue of cancer patients treated with DOX. In summary, MST1 contributes to DOX-induced cardiomyopathy through SIRT3 downregulation.
A Friedlander-Suslin Theorem over a Noetherian Base Ring
Authors: van der Kallen Wilberd 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLet k be a noetherian commutative ring and let G be a finite flat group scheme over k. Let G act rationally on a finitely generated commutative k-algebra A. We show that the cohomology algebra $$H^*(G,A)$$

H
∗

(
G
,
A
)

is a finitely generated k-algebra. This unifies some earlier results: If G is a constant group scheme, then it is a theorem of Evens (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 101, 224–239, 1961, Theorem 8.1), and if k is a field of finite characteristic, then it is a theorem of Friedlander and Suslin (Invent. Math. 127, 209–270, 1997). If k is a field of characteristic zero, then there is no higher cohomology, so then it is a theorem of invariant theory.
Convergence of measures after adding a real
Authors: Sobota Damian , Zdomskyy Lyubomyr 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove that if $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
is an infinite Boolean algebra in the ground model V and $$\mathbb {P}$$
P
is a notion of forcing adding any of the following reals: a Cohen real, an unsplit real, or a random real, then, in any $$\mathbb {P}$$
P
-generic extension V[G], $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
has neither the Nikodym property nor the Grothendieck property. A similar result is also proved for a dominating real and the Nikodym property.
Systemic inflammatory effects of zinc oxide particles: is a re-evaluation of exposure limits needed?
Authors: Monsé Christian , Merget Rolf , Bünger Jürgen , Pallapies Dirk , Brüning Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExposure to airborne substances such as gases, vapours, and particles remains a relevant health risk in many workplaces. A current topic and cause for discussion is the investigation of the health effects of particles containing zinc oxide (ZnO). Among other data, those collected from our study on human exposure data of ZnO in 2018 prompted the National Research Centre for the Working Environment 2021 to formulate a new, sharply lowered proposed occupational exposure limit (OEL) for zinc in workplaces. Since the publication of the Danish report, further studies have been conducted with ZnO. In the following text, all arguments for deriving this new limit value for zinc from the report are discussed, extended with the more recent data since 2018. It should be noted that especially the application of time extrapolation factors needs further discussion and harmonization between regulatory authorities. From our point of view, the data situation can justify a higher OEL for zinc than that proposed by the Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment.
A Machine Learning-Based Image Segmentation Method to Quantify In Vitro Osteoclast Culture Endpoints
Authors: Davies Bethan K. , Hibbert Andrew P. , Roberts Scott J. , Roberts Helen C. , Tickner Jennifer C. , Holdsworth Gill , Arnett Timothy R. , Orriss Isabel R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantification of in vitro osteoclast cultures (e.g. cell number) often relies on manual counting methods. These approaches are labour intensive, time consuming and result in substantial inter- and intra-user variability. This study aimed to develop and validate an automated workflow to robustly quantify in vitro osteoclast cultures. Using ilastik, a machine learning-based image analysis software, images of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-stained mouse osteoclasts cultured on dentine discs were used to train the ilastik-based algorithm. Assessment of algorithm training showed that osteoclast numbers strongly correlated between manual- and automatically quantified values (r = 0.87). Osteoclasts were consistently faithfully segmented by the model when visually compared to the original reflective light images. The ability of this method to detect changes in osteoclast number in response to different treatments was validated using zoledronate, ticagrelor, and co-culture with MCF7 breast cancer cells. Manual and automated counting methods detected a 70% reduction (p < 0.05) in osteoclast number, when cultured with 10 nM zoledronate and a dose-dependent decrease with 1–10 μM ticagrelor (p < 0.05). Co-culture with MCF7 cells increased osteoclast number by ≥ 50% irrespective of quantification method. Overall, an automated image segmentation and analysis workflow, which consistently and sensitively identified in vitro osteoclasts, was developed. Advantages of this workflow are (1) significantly reduction in user variability of endpoint measurements (93%) and analysis time (80%); (2) detection of osteoclasts cultured on different substrates from different species; and (3) easy to use and freely available to use along with tutorial resources.
Stability and Welfare in (Dichotomous) Hedonic Diversity Games
Authors: Darmann Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a hedonic diversity game (HDG) there are two types of agents (red and blue agents) that need to form disjoint coalitions, i.e., subgroups of agents. Each agent’s preferences over the coalitions depend on the relative number of agents of the same type in her coalition. In the special case of a dichotomous hedonic diversity game (DHDG) each agent distinguishes between approved and disapproved fractions only. We aim at outcomes that are stable against agents’ deviations, and at outcomes that maximize social welfare. In particular, we show that the strict core of a DHDG may be empty even in instances with only three agents, while each HDG with two agents has a non-empty strict core. We also provide several computational complexity results for DHDGs with respect to the number of fractions approved per agent. For instance, we prove that deciding whether a DHDG has a non-empty strict core is $$\textsf {NP}$$
NP
-complete even when each agent approves of at most three fractions. In addition, we show that deciding whether a DHDG admits a Nash stable outcome is $$\textsf {NP}$$
NP
-complete even in restricted settings with only two approved fractions per agent—therewith, improving a result in the literature. For the task of maximizing social welfare, we apply approval scores and Borda scores from voting theory. For DHDGs and approval scores, we draw the sharp separation line between polynomially solvable and $$\textsf {NP}$$
NP
-complete cases with respect to the fixed number of approved fractions per agent. We complement these findings with an $$\textsf {NP}$$
NP
-completeness result for HDGs under Borda scores.
Reverse Isoperimetric Inequality for the Lowest Robin Eigenvalue of a Triangle
Authors: Krejčiřík David , Lotoreichik Vladimir , Vu Tuyen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider the Laplace operator on a triangle, subject to attractive Robin boundary conditions. We prove that the equilateral triangle is a local maximiser of the lowest eigenvalue among all triangles of a given area provided that the negative boundary parameter is sufficiently small in absolute value, with the smallness depending on the area only. Moreover, using various trial functions, we obtain sufficient conditions for the global optimality of the equilateral triangle under fixed area constraint in the regimes of small and large couplings. We also discuss the constraint of fixed perimeter.
SSR white paper: guidelines for utilization and performance of direct MR arthrography
Authors: Chang Eric Y. , Bencardino Jenny T. , French Cristy N. , Fritz Jan , Hanrahan Chris J. , Jibri Zaid , Kassarjian Ara , Motamedi Kambiz , Ringler Michael D. , Strickland Colin D. , Tiegs-Heiden Christin A. , Walker Richard E.A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
Direct magnetic resonance arthrography (dMRA) is often considered the most accurate imaging modality for the evaluation of intra-articular structures, but utilization and performance vary widely without consensus. The purpose of this white paper is to develop consensus recommendations on behalf of the Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR) based on published literature and expert opinion.

Materials and methods
The Standards and Guidelines Committee of the SSR identified guidelines for utilization and performance of dMRA as an important topic for study and invited all SSR members with expertise and interest to volunteer for the white paper panel. This panel was tasked with determining an outline, reviewing the relevant literature, preparing a written document summarizing the issues and controversies, and providing recommendations.

Results
Twelve SSR members with expertise in dMRA formed the ad hoc white paper authorship committee. The published literature on dMRA was reviewed and summarized, focusing on clinical indications, technical considerations, safety, imaging protocols, complications, controversies, and gaps in knowledge. Recommendations for the utilization and performance of dMRA in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle/foot regions were developed in group consensus.

Conclusion
Although direct MR arthrography has been previously used for a wide variety of clinical indications, the authorship panel recommends more selective application of this minimally invasive procedure. At present, direct MR arthrography remains an important procedure in the armamentarium of the musculoskeletal radiologist and is especially valuable when conventional MRI is indeterminant or results are discrepant with clinical evaluation.
Immersive virtual reality in orthopaedics—a narrative review
Authors: Combalia A. , Sanchez-Vives M. V. , Donegan T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This narrative review explores the applications and benefits of immersive virtual reality (VR) in orthopaedics, with a focus on surgical training, patient functional recovery, and pain management.

Methods
The review examines existing literature and research studies on immersive VR in orthopaedics, analyzing both experimental and clinical studies.

Results
Immersive VR provides a realistic simulation environment for orthopaedic surgery training, enhancing surgical skills, reducing errors, and improving overall performance. In post-surgical recovery and rehabilitation, immersive VR environments can facilitate motor learning and functional recovery through virtual embodiment, motor imagery during action observation, and virtual training. Additionally VR-based functional recovery programs can improve patient adherence and outcomes. Moreover, VR has the potential to revolutionize pain management, offering a non-invasive, drug-free alternative. Virtual reality analgesia acts by a variety of means including engagement and diverting patients’ attention, anxiety reduction, and specific virtual-body transformations.

Conclusion
Immersive virtual reality holds significant promise in orthopaedics, demonstrating potential for improved surgical training, patient functional recovery, and pain management but further research is needed to fully exploit the benefits of VR technology in these areas.
Becoming an Actionable Scientist: Challenges, Competency, and the Development of Expertise
Authors: Goolsby Julia B. , Cravens Amanda E. , Rozance Mary Ann 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDemand has grown for actionable science to support real-world decision-making around climate change and related environmental management challenges. Producing actionable science requires scientists to hold a distinct set of competencies, yet relatively little is known about what these competencies are or how to train scientists to develop them. We conducted interviews with mid- and late-career scientists to empirically identify competencies they used when producing actionable science and to understand how they developed those competencies. We describe expertise in terms of 18 competencies—categorised as cognitive, interpersonal, or intrapersonal—that scientists integrated and applied to address the challenges associated with actionable science. We argue that scientists must engage in the social process of producing actionable science (i.e., learning by doing) to become an expert. Expert actionable scientists discussed the importance of learning through different contexts, processes, interactions, and relationships. By naming the competencies that constitute expertise, as well as methods for expertise development, our findings facilitate greater conscious awareness of the process of becoming an actionable scientist, a gradual process that starts during graduate training and continues as a career proceeds. Our results can inform the development of formal learning opportunities as well as the informal learning process that occurs whereby scientists take charge of their own learning.
Cryophilic Tardigrada have disjunct and bipolar distribution and establish long-term stable, low-density demes
Authors: Zawierucha Krzysztof , Kašparová Eva Štefková , McInnes Sandra , Buda Jakub , Ambrosini Roberto , Devetter Miloslav , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Franzetti Andrea , Takeuchi Nozomu , Horna Patrik , Jaroměřská Tereza Novotná , Ono Masato , Šabacká Marie , Janko Karel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlaciers are inhabited by various cryophilic organisms ranging from single celled to multicellular, like Tardigrada (water bears). Owing to their scattered distribution, glaciers represent extremely fragmented habitats, and it remains unclear how their inhabitants survive and disperse among such isolated patches. This study investigates the biogeography of the tardigrade genus Cryoconicus, whose distribution, population stability, and interregional connectivity are examined by screening the collections from ~ 60 glaciers worldwide and by a phylogeographic analysis. We found that two Cryoconicus species occur at low densities on two Arctic glaciers in Svalbard, far from their previously reported Antarctic and Central Asian ranges. Screening of worldwide databases and DNA metabarcoding indicated that these species are absent or rare in the intermediate areas, suggesting large disjunctions in their ranges. In particular, the genetic data and multiyear resampling showed that Cryoconicus kaczmareki established a stable population on the Ebba Glacier (Svalbard), which has been isolated from its Asian core range since before the last glacial maximum. Our findings suggest that glacial invertebrates may possess wide yet largely disjunctive ranges. Interpolar- or intercontinental-scale movements of cryophilic meiofauna may occur, but migration connectivity is not sufficient to mitigate the differentiation of the local population. Revealed biogeographic patterns further demonstrate that inhabitants of extreme environments may establish isolated and highly fragmented populations that persist long term, even if at very low densities.
Are there distribution patterns and population structure differences among demersal fish species in relation to Antarctic benthic communities? A case study in the Weddell Sea
Authors: Baena Patricia , Santín Andreu , La Mesa Mario , Riginella Emilio , Owsianowski Nils , Gili Josep-Maria , Ambroso Stefano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the general belief that the Southern Ocean harbors low fish biodiversity, the Weddell Sea hosts one of the richest fish communities in the region. Parallelly, the Weddell Sea is also known for the presence of dense and diverse macrobenthos. Most macrobenthic invertebrates, such as gorgonians, sponges and bryozoans, are considered ecosystem engineers as they generate a three-dimensional structure that increases habitat heterogeneity. This structural complexity serves as a refuge against predators as well as a nursery ground for many organisms, including fish species. By analyzing video transects recorded by a Remotely Operated Vehicle, we investigated density, spatial distribution and size-frequency of populations of the demersal fish species inhabiting macrobenthic communities in the southernmost part of the Weddell Sea. We also attempted to unveil whether there is any relationship between benthic and fish communities and substrate, as well as some fish behavioral patterns. The dominance of juveniles in the surveyed fish assemblages provides evidence that, at this life stage, some fish species appear to be positively associated with complex benthic communities conformed by bryozoans, sponges and gorgonians which are more common in sand matrix with sparse rocks substrates. Moreover, about 37% of all specimens recorded were resting on benthic invertebrates or were using them to hide, implying that Antarctic benthic communities might offer suitable habitat. As such, it can be concluded that there was an apparent relationship between certain species of fish and the different benthic communities, yet the exact triggers and/or factors behind such an association remain partially elusive.
Magnetic resonance imaging of pilonidal sinus disease: interobserver agreement and practical MRI reporting tips
Authors: Abdelatty Mohamed A. , Elmansy Noha , Saleh Mahmoud M. , Salem Amany , Ahmed Sara , Gadalla Amr A. , Osman Mohamed F. , Mohamed Shady 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the interobserver agreement for the features of natal cleft pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and propose a standardized checklist for reporting PSD on MRI.

Materials and methods
Forty MRI studies of 39 discrete patients with PSD were retrospectively evaluated by five independent radiologists using a standardized checklist. Fleiss’ Kappa (k) coefficients of agreement were used to test the agreement between categorical variables. The MRI features of the natal cleft sepsis associated with PSD were classified into four main categories: morphology, branching and extensions, external skin openings, and the relationship of the PSD to the coccyx. A survey was created and disseminated online among general surgeons who treat patients with PSD to assess the relevance of the MRI features proposed in the standardized checklist.

Results
The overall agreement regarding the identification of morphology of the natal cleft sepsis was moderate (k = 0.59). Lateral and caudal extensions interobserver agreement was substantial (k = 0.64 and 0.71, respectively). However, the overall agreement regarding the individual parts of anal sphincter involved was moderate (k = 0.47). Substantial interobserver agreement was found in assessing the proximity of the PSD to the coccyx (k = 0.62).

Conclusion
Preoperative MRI can delineate the extensions and branching of PSD with substantial agreement. MRI is superior in describing the deep extensions of PSD with better reliability than assessing the number and locations of the external openings. Expert consensus agreement is needed to establish the MRI features necessary for optimal reporting of PSD.

Clinical relevance statement
MRI can offer valuable information about the extent of sepsis associated with pilonidal sinus disease, particularly in cases with involvement of critical anatomical structures such as the coccyx and anal triangle. MRI can potentially contribute to more accurate patient stratification and surgical planning.

Key Points
• The interobserver agreement for assessing PSD’s lateral and caudal extension on MRI is substantial.
• MRI can describe deep extensions and branching of PSD with superior reliability than assessing the number and site of external openings.
• Reporting the relationship between natal cleft sepsis in PSD and the anal region may influence the surgical approach and postoperative healing.