bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It takes more than a machine: A pilot feasibility study of point-of-care HIV-1 viral load testing at a lower-level health center in rural western Uganda
Authors: Boyce Ross M. , Ndizeye Ronnie , Ngelese Herbert , Baguma Emmanuel , Shem Bwambale , Rubinstein Rebecca J. , Rockwell Emmanuel , Lotspeich Sarah C. , Shook-Sa Bonnie E. , Ntaro Moses , Nyehangane Dan , Wohl David A. , Siedner Mark J. , Mulogo Edgar M. 
Published: March 2023

Barriers continue to limit access to viral load (VL) monitoring across sub-Saharan Africa adversely impacting control of the HIV epidemic. The objective of this study was to determine whether the systems and processes required to realize the potential of rapid molecular technology are available at a prototypical lower-level (i.e., level III) health center in rural Uganda. In this open-label pilot study, participants underwent parallel VL testing at both the central laboratory (i.e., standard of care) and on-site using the GeneXpert HIV-1 assay. The primary outcome was the number of VL tests completed each clinic day. Secondary outcomes included the number of days from sample collection to receipt of result at clinic and the number of days from sample collection to patient receipt of the result. From August 2020 to July 2021, we enrolled a total of 242 participants. The median number of daily tests performed on the Xpert platform was 4, (IQR = 2–7). Time from sample collection to result was 51 days (IQR = 45–62) for samples sent to the central laboratory and 0 days (IQR = 0–0.25) for the Xpert assay conducted at the health center. However, few participants elected to receive results by one of the expedited options, which contributed to similar time-to-patient between testing approaches (89 versus 84 days, p = 0.07). Implementation of a rapid, near point-of-care VL assay at a lower-level health center in rural Uganda appears feasible, but interventions to promote rapid clinical response and influence patient preferences about result receipt require further study.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04517825, Registered 18 August 2020. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04517825.
Wayfinding artificial intelligence to detect clinically meaningful spots of retinal diseases: Artificial intelligence to help retina specialists in real world practice
Authors: Shiihara Hideki , Sonoda Shozo , Terasaki Hiroto , Fujiwara Kazuki , Funatsu Ryoh , Shiba Yousuke , Kumagai Yoshiki , Honda Naoto , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: March 2023

Aim/background
To aim of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) that aids in the thought process by providing retinal clinicians with clinically meaningful or abnormal findings rather than just a final diagnosis, i.e., a “wayfinding AI.”

Methods
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography B-scan images were classified into 189 normal and 111 diseased eyes. These were automatically segmented using a deep-learning based boundary-layer detection model. During segmentation, the AI model calculates the probability of the boundary surface of the layer for each A-scan. If this probability distribution is not biased toward a single point, layer detection is defined as ambiguous. This ambiguity was calculated using entropy, and a value referred to as the ambiguity index was calculated for each OCT image. The ability of the ambiguity index to classify normal and diseased images and the presence or absence of abnormalities in each layer of the retina were evaluated based on the area under the curve (AUC). A heatmap, i.e., an ambiguity-map, of each layer, that changes the color according to the ambiguity index value, was also created.

Results
The ambiguity index of the overall retina of the normal and disease-affected images (mean ± SD) were 1.76 ± 0.10 and 2.06 ± 0.22, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The AUC used to distinguish normal and disease-affected images using the ambiguity index was 0.93, and was 0.588 for the internal limiting membrane boundary, 0.902 for the nerve fiber layer/ganglion cell layer boundary, 0.920 for the inner plexiform layer/inner nuclear layer boundary, 0.882 for the outer plexiform layer/outer nuclear layer boundary, 0.926 for the ellipsoid zone line, and 0.866 for the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch’s membrane boundary. Three representative cases reveal the usefulness of an ambiguity map.

Conclusions
The present AI algorithm can pinpoint abnormal retinal lesions in OCT images, and its localization is known at a glance when using an ambiguity map. This will help diagnose the processes of clinicians as a wayfinding tool.
Mitigation behavior prior to COVID-19 vaccination availability is associated with COVID-19 infection and time to vaccination
Authors: Neighbors Coralei E. , Sloane Richard , Pieper Carl F. , Wixted Douglas , Woods Christopher W. , Newby L. Kristin 
Published: March 2023

Background
Mitigation behaviors reduce the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Determining characteristics of groups defined by mitigation behaviors compliance may be useful to inform targeted public health policies and interventions. This study aimed to identify groups of individuals according to self-reported compliance with COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, define compliance class characteristics, and explore associations between compliance classes and important study and public health outcomes.

Methods and findings
We studied 1,410 participants in the Cabarrus County COVID-19 Prevalence and Immunity longitudinal cohort study (June 2020 to December 2021) who were asked 10 questions regarding compliance with recommended COVID-19 mitigation behaviors. By Latent Class Analysis, 1,381 participants were categorized into 3 classes (most [49.4%], moderately [45.0%], and least [5.6%] compliant). Compared with the most compliant class, the least and moderately compliant classes were younger (mean = 61.9 v. 59.0 v. 53.8 years), had fewer medical conditions per individual (1.37 v. 1.08 v. 0.77), and differed in Hispanic ethnicity (6.2% v. 2.8% v. 9.1%) and COVID-19 vaccine intention (65.8% v. 59.8% v. 35.1%). Compared to the most compliant class, the least compliant class had fewer women (54.6% v. 76.3%), fewer insured individuals (92.2% v. 97.4%), and more withdrew from study participation early (28.6% v. 16.0%). Relative to the most compliant class, the least compliant class had a higher likelihood of COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.08 [95% CI 1.13, 3.85]), lower rate of COVID-19 vaccination (72.6% v. 95.1%), and longer time to 50% COVID-19 vaccination following eligibility (8–9 vs 16 days).

Conclusions
Classes defined by mitigation behaviors compliance had distinct characteristics, including age, sex, medical history, and ethnicity, and were associated with important study and public health outcomes. Targeted public health policies and interventions according to the compliance group characteristics may be of value in current and future pandemic responses to increase compliance.
Factors associated with PTSD symptoms and quality of life among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Cian-Cian , Yeh Chin-Bin 
Published: March 2023

Background
Healthcare workers, especially nurses, were one of the most vulnerable groups for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which also affected their quality of life. However, only limited research has investigated the individual psychological factors as well as the environmental factors responsible for these effects of the pandemic. Demoralization is a state of loss of meaning and anhedonia, which we thought to be an important mediator between fear and PTSD among frontline nurses during the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the role of demoralization in the mechanisms of posttraumatic stress symptoms of nurses facing different infection risks and influencing factors on their well-being.

Method
A cross sectional study was conducted from September 16, 2021 to October 8, 2021 in a medical center in Northern Taiwan. Online questionnaires were used to collect data, including age, sex, vaccination status, working years, previous quarantine experiences, psychiatric history, traumatic events and scales for measuring fear of COVID-19, demoralization, symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety and stress, burnout level, teamwork performance and quality of life. Hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analysis were utilized to identify associated risk factors and mechanisms.

Result
Among 351 included nurses, 148 worked in high-risk areas directly exposed to COVID-19 patients or patients with respiratory symptoms, while 203 nurses worked in low-risk areas. Overall, nurses in the low-risk group had greater fear of COVID-19, and greater demoralization and burnout level, along with poorer teamwork and quality of life. Demoralization was found to have mediating effect in both the high-risk group and low-risk group on the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Levels of burnout and teamwork may serve as mediators between depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life.

Conclusion
Hospital-based nurses appear to be at high risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study findings demonstrated specific associated factors that should be the focus of nursing administration and hospital management while employing preventive measures, psychological resilience of nurses or systematic managements. Future longitudinal research is needed to improve management in pandemic conditions.
Structural equation modeling analysis of determinants of barriers to breast self-examination among Eastern Chinese women
Authors: Yu Jianwei , Gao Yizheng , Wang Hairuo , Liu Binghao , Zhang Shunhua 
Published: March 2023

Background
This study aimed to establish a structural equation model to determine the associations among knowledge of breast cancer, beliefs about breast self-examination (BSE), BSE practice, socio-economic status (SES), and barriers to BSE among Eastern Chinese women.

Methods
An online cross-sectional correlational survey of 2026 women from Eastern China was undertaken by a self-administered questionnaire in 2020. Structural equation modeling was utilized for examining the interrelationships between BSE barriers and other variables.

Results
Our results suggested that BSE barriers were significantly and negatively related to SES, BSE beliefs, and BSE practices (β = -0.176, p < 0.001 and β = -0.118, p < 0.001 and β = -0.435, p < 0.001, respectively). Among them, participants’ BSE practices had the strongest effects on BSE barriers, while the effect of breast cancer knowledge on BSE barriers was in an opposite direction (β = 0.177, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
BSE barriers were influenced by SES, breast cancer knowledge, BSE beliefs and BSE practices. Our results warn that breast cancer prevention education should strengthen knowledge of practical methods rather than general knowledge. Therefore, intervention strategies designed to develop BSE and breast cancer prevention should take into account multiple factors, in particular finding more effective ways for the public to turn knowledge into a motivator rather than a barrier.
Serial Murder as Modernist Ritual
Authors: McCann Bryan J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This essay argues that the serial murderer's rituals are homologous to those that structure the more quotidian or administrative, but equally sadistic, forms of violence against fungible bodies in US civil society. At stake in this homology is recognizing that the sadism publics so readily associate with the depraved serial killer are present in the many cruelties that such publics enthusiastically condone and enjoy. Serial murder is a modernist ritual among many others, and its capacity to induce affective investment from consuming publics, just as surely as the killer himself, is a function of what I am calling sadistic form. To clarify this argument, the essay reads serial killer Ted Bundy's many crimes as ritualistic enactments of sadistic form, as well as the varied responses during his 1989 execution. In so doing, I illustrate how different rituals function to obscure or amplify the sadism to which they give expression.
Violence and Nonviolence in the Rhetoric of Social Protest
Authors: Murray Billie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The nonviolence so heralded in studies of protest has lost its strategic effectiveness; nonviolence has become, not a strategy in the pursuit of justice, but an end in itself, a telos. In order to better conceptualize violence and nonviolence in the contemporary rhetoric of social protest, this essay provides a review and critique of prominent rhetorical studies of protest violence that have placed violent tactics solely in the service of nonviolence. Rhetorical scholars are in a unique position to reconsider and reframe understandings of violence and nonviolence in social protest that persist both in rhetorical studies and in the popular imagination about how social change can and should happen. Violence and nonviolence have too often been divorced from the white supremacist history and context in which they operate, particularly in the United States—creating meaning structures that make the violent protest tactics deployed by non-dominant groups culturally illegible. This essay works to reframe the violent tactics most commonly deployed in the current moment by arguing that the looting, property destruction, and even the direct physical violence that is most often associated with various Leftist and anti-racist activists can work strategically to challenge the police-State's monopoly on violence. Drawing out the implications of these interconnected points, the essay provides a more nuanced understanding of violent tactics that can both help restore the disruptive function of protest rhetoric and better challenge white supremacy in the service of justice.
Ricardo Correa e a arte queer do fracasso
Authors: Cristóvão Assunção , Prado Arthur Cristovão 
Published: March 2023

Ricardo e Vânia: o maquiador, a garota de programa, o silicone e uma história de amor, do jornalista Chico Felitti (2019), é um livro-reportagem sobre a história de Ricardo Correa, que se tornou conhecido como o Fofão da Augusta, descrito pelo autor como alguém “diferente por ser ambicioso, gay, artista e esquizofrênico. Não necessariamente nessa ordem”. A vida de Ricardo ilustra o que Jack Halberstam define no livro A arte queer do fracasso como aquela atitude e modo de estar no mundo que vai na contramão da normatividade hétero que tem o “sucesso” como objetivo de vida (2020, p. 20-21). Retrata também as consequências de uma construção discursiva histórica em torno de uma sexualidade desviante, a partir da visão de Michel Foucault (2012). O objetivo deste texto é, então, relacionar a história de Ricardo, contada por Felitti, com as características de fracasso teorizadas por Halberstam.
On some dense sets in the space of dynamical systems
Authors: Pawlak Ryszard J. , Poprawa Justyna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The natural consequence of the existence of different kinds of chaos is the study of their mutual dependence and the relationship between these concepts and the entropy of systems. This observation also applies to the local approach to this issue. In this article, we will focus on this problem in the context of “points focusing chaos.” We aim to show their mutual independence by considering the sets of appropriate periodic dynamical systems in the space of discrete dynamical systems.
Mechanochemistry as a green method in organic chemistry and its applications
Authors: Margetić Davor 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Activation of chemical reactions in the solid state by mechanical energy represents a novel method with a high potential to be used in organic chemistry and various applications. There are several advantages over the classical reactions which are carried out in solution. Green aspects are in the avoidance of organic solvents, which diminishes environmental impact, whereas shortening of reaction times and room temperature conditions reduce the energy input. Furthermore, mechanochemical reactions could lead to products which cannot be obtained by solution chemistry or are produced by higher atom efficiency. The realization of the simplicity of the method and its advantages by chemists has led to increased application. The basics of the method and selected reactions are illustrated, in order to introduce this environmentally friendly method and to widen its use by the organic science community.
Study of Laser Welding Process Parameter on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Joining of Dual-Phase DP780 and Cold-Rolled CR340 Steel
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Maity Tapabrata , Arora Kanwer Singh , Shajan Nikhil , Hembrom Sagram , Roy Debdas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Laser welding was performed in dual-phase steel (DP780) and cold-rolled steel (CR340) at a series of weld parameters (series I up to series VII): power input, heat input, weld velocity, and focus offset. The study was aimed at improvement of joint performance on the laser welding process parameter settings on the weld bead morphology and thereby evaluating their microstructure and mechanical properties. Optical and scanning electron microscopy and uniaxial tensile tests were performed to observe the microstructural changes, phase formation, and evaluate the mechanical properties, respectively. Tensile strength, microhardness, and strain localization using a digital image correlation technique were investigated for acquainting the local strain mapping associated with the loading. Microstructure characterization revealed that the fusion zone consisted of martensitic structure, and the heat affected contained newly formed martensite in both steels. Vickers hardness revealed that during welding, there was a softening phenomenon at the CR340 end. The DP/CR welds show a mechanical behavior that is driven by both the DP780 and CR340 steel. The joints showed strength up to ∼410 MPa and fracture strain up to ∼16 %, however the weld join failed from CR340 steel end weld during tensile tests. The larger heat input at series VI guarantees joints with an adequate strength but wider weld seams and a lower energy efficiency.
Film Dokumenter Sejarah Materi Peran Gereja Katolik Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Indonesia bagi Peserta Didik SMA
Authors: Prakoso Eling Kris , Raharjo Yoel Kurniawan , Printina Brigida Intan 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to develop a learning medium documentary film based on material on the Catholic Church's role in maintaining Indonesia's independence, which is suitable to be used by the XII grade senior high school students in history subjects specializing in basic competence 3.11 concering responeses to Indonesia independence. The conducted research is the type of R&D (Research and Development) using the Borg & Gall model modified by Nana Syodih Sukmadinata The product has gone through the validation stage by two material experts, two media experts, and two film expert. Field trials were conducted trough response interviews with one History teacher and two grade XII students. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and questionnaires with quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of the material expert validation 1 obtained a score of 4.6 with the "Very Good" criterion. The results of the material expert validation 2 obtained a score of 4.5 with the "Very Good" criterion. The validation results of film experts 1 obtained a score of 4.5 with the "Very Good" criterion. The validation results of film experts 2 obtained a score of 3.8 with the "Good" criteria. The results of the validation of learning media experts 1 obtained a score of 4.7 with the "Very Good" criterion. The results of the validation of learning media experts 1 obtained a score of 4.9 with the "Very Good" criterion. The results of interviews with teachers' and students' responses concluded that the product was good and feasible to use.
Factores que influyen en la adopción de Buenas Prácticas Ganaderas en pequeñas lecherías de Pamplona
Authors: MENDOZA COLLAZOS DIANA CAROLINA 
Published: March 2023

Introducción: En la producción primaria de leche, planificar estrategias de optimización juega un papel canalizador de desarrollo y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los habitantes rurales. La investigación fue realizada con pequeños productores de leche, quienes crearon la Asociación de Lecheros de Pamplona con el propósito de identificar los factores que influyen, tanto positiva como negativamente, en la adopción de Buenas Prácticas Ganaderas en sus fincas. Materiales y Métodos: La metodología es de tipo mixta y utilizó instrumentos de investigación como encuestas y lluvia de ideas a una muestra censal. Se tuvieron en cuenta factores estructurales, intervinientes, actitudinales, de gestión del predio, sanitarios y ambientales. Resultados y Discusión: factores estructurales como tenencia de tierra y servicios públicos son favorables, mientras que la capitalización es exigua. Intervinientes, como la educación son escasos, pero, cuentan con amplio conocimiento empírico; actitudinales como la participación femenina y el relevo generacional no son favorables, pero, el grado de aislamiento es positivo. La gestión del predio no es adecuada, mientras que el uso de suelos y suplementos alimenticios en temporadas de escasez son una fortaleza. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos revelan un rezago técnico y cultural en torno a la producción de la leche frente a las grandes industrias, por lo que entre las conclusiones se expresa que, para la adopción de las Buenas Prácticas de Ganaderas, es necesario tener en cuenta el contexto social, económico y cultural y, con base en ello, plantear de forma participativa e incluyente, estrategias de apropiación de manera gradual y de fácil cumplimiento.
El diseño de los resultados de aprendizaje utilizando las tecnologías de juego: un ejemplo de los elementos y procesos del diseño arqu
Authors: Lobanova Alina , Chiknoverova Karina , Tomina Irina 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: This article describes the possibilities of forecasting learning outcomes after using gamification methods. The analysis of data collected within the framework of one academic discipline is given. The development of a regulating program using game technologies for the course is proposed. Materials and Methods: The methodological part is concentrated on identifying the problem areas of the course and selecting gamification elements for specific tasks. Results and Discussion: The expected result after the implementation of the program is described. A hypothetical idea about the prospective use of individual game mechanics for educational purposes is described but requires further practical trial. The relevance of the development of complex motivational programs integrated into the educational process and solving the problem of improving the effectiveness of learning is identified. Conclusions: The use of various ways of involving students, and maintaining the balance between educational and game tasks is described.