bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An active dose-measuring device for X-rays generated by ultra-short, ultra-intense laser pulses
Authors: Wang Fengdie , Wang Zhonghai , Wu Yuchi , Wang Shaoyi , Yan Yonghong , Yu Minghai , Zhang Xiaohui , Wen Jiaxing , Tan Fang , Yang Yue , Zhang Jie , Zhou Rong , Yang Chaowen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ultra-short, ultra-intense laser pulses can create extreme
physical conditions for a wide range of applications in atomic and
molecular physics, materials chemistry, and inertial-confinement
fusion. However, laser-matter interactions can be accompanied by
significant X-ray emission that introduces radiation risks to the
nearby environment and personnel. It is usually to monitor the
radiation dose during in high-intensity laser-target interactions
with optically stimulated luminescence and thermo-luminescence
devices. However, these passive methods cannot measure the radiation
dose in real time, while most active dosimeters cannot accurately
measure pulsed radiation doses. Here, transient pulse X-ray
radiation doses are converted by CdWO4 crystals into slow
signals. Because the crystals have a 14-μs luminescence decay
time, they can absorb sub-nanosecond X-ray pulses and release the
energy at a 100-μs rate, thus reducing the linear-response
pressure of subsequent devices. A pulse detector based on a
CdWO4 crystal, a phototube, and a custom signal-processing
circuit was developed. Experiments were performed at the 45-TW
femtosecond laser facility of the Laser Fusion Research Center. The
detector deviation was less than ±20% relative to that of an
ionization-chamber detector. This initially verified its feasibility
for real-time pulsed X-ray radiation detection.
The Natural Robotics Contest: crowdsourced biomimetic design
Authors: Siddall Robert , Zufferey Raphael , Armanini Sophie , Zhang Ketao , Sareh Sina , Sergeev Elisavetha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Biomimetic and bioinspired design is not only a potent resource for roboticists looking to develop robust engineering systems or understand the natural world. It is also a uniquely accessible entry point into science and technology. Every person on Earth constantly interacts with nature, and most people have an intuitive sense of animal and plant behaviour, even without realizing it. The Natural Robotics Contest is novel piece of science communication that takes advantage of this intuition, and creates an opportunity for anyone with an interest in nature or robotics to submit their idea and have it turned into a real engineering system. In this paper we will discuss the competition’s submissions, which show how the public thinks of nature as well as the problems people see as most pressing for engineers to solve. We will then show our design process from the winning submitted concept sketch through to functioning robot, to offer a case study in biomimetic robot design. The winning design is a robotic fish which uses gill structures to filter out microplastics. This was fabricated into an open source robot with a novel 3D printed gill design. By presenting the competition and the winning entry we hope to foster further interest in nature-inspired design, and increase the interplay between nature and engineering in the minds of readers.
Federal incentives for community-level climate adaptation: an evaluation of FEMA’s Community Rating System
Authors: Gourevitch Jesse D , Pinter Nicholas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In response to growing threats of climate change, the US federal government is increasingly supporting community-level investments in resilience to natural hazards. As such federal programs become more widespread, evaluating their efficiency and equity is essential. The Community Rating System (CRS), which is part of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), is a promising example of a federal policy designed to reduce flood losses by providing financial incentives for local climate adaptation. In exchange for community engagement in a range of risk communication and risk reduction activities, CRS provides discounts on NFIP premiums ranging from 5% to 45%. Using national-scale NFIP claims, policies, and CRS data between 1998 and 2020, we assess the program, asking whether it has been effective in reducing flood losses, how it can be improved, and what lessons it holds for similar programs. We find that participation in CRS is associated with reduced flood damage, with the percent reduction in claims roughly proportional to NFIP premium discounts. Among CRS activities, those related to ‘Flood Damage Reduction’ are most effective in reducing flood losses and are associated with a 20%–30% decrease in NFIP claims. Between 1998 and 2020, cumulative damage reductions attributable to CRS were $11.4 billion; over the same period, cumulative NFIP premium discounts were $12.1 billion. This close match is an endorsement of CRS historically and supports its future continuation. To improve the efficiency and equity of CRS, we recommend that Federal Emergency Management Agency: (a) reexamine the surcharge levied on NFIP premiums that cross-subsidizes premium discounts, and (b) allocate greater resources towards supporting participation among smaller, under-resourced communities. In general, CRS serves as an effective model for other federal market-based programs seeking to stimulate community-level investment in climate resilience.
Are we ready for ocean acidification? A framework for assessing and advancing policy readiness
Authors: Albright Rebecca , Hansson Lina , Cooley Sarah R , Gattuso Jean-Pierre , Marshall Paul , Marshall Nadine , Fletcher Stephen , Haraldsson Gunnar , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Effective climate policy that addresses carbon dioxide emissions is essential to minimizing and addressing the impacts of ocean acidification (OA). Here we present a framework to assess the readiness of OA policy, using coral reefs as a focal system. Six dimensions encompass comprehensive preparation by ecosystems and societies for the impacts of OA and other anthropogenic hazards: (1) climate protection measures, (2) OA literacy, (3) area-based management, (4) research and development, (5) adaptive capacity of dependent sectors, and (6) policy coherence. We define standardized indicators, identify leading countries, and evaluate the case study of Australia, the country with the largest coral reef system. The framework provides a rubric for a government unit to self- assess strengths and weaknesses in policy preparedness and to prioritize future endeavors.
Newton’s identities and positivity of trace class integral operators
Authors: Homa G , Balka R , Bernád J Z , Károly M , Csordás A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We provide a countable set of conditions based on elementary symmetric polynomials that are necessary and sufficient for a trace class integral operator to be positive semidefinite, which is an important cornerstone for quantum theory in phase-space representation. We also present a new, efficiently computable algorithm based on Newton’s identities. Our test of positivity is much more sensitive than the ones given by the linear entropy and Robertson-Schrödinger’s uncertainty relations; our first condition is equivalent to the non-negativity of the linear entropy.
Alcohol Consumption and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yue Yihua , Wang Siyi , Smith Ella , Goyal Divya , Zhu Kexin , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Smith Beth , Niu Zhongzheng , Lei Lijian , Freudenheim Jo L , Cao Ying , Mu Lina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
To examine the association between alcohol consumption and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
An anonymous online survey was distributed among US adults during May–August 2020 through social networks and ResearchMatch. We collected information on demographic, lifestyles and mental health symptoms including anxiety, depression, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Logistic regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional association between alcohol consumption and mental health symptoms. We also examined effect modification by race, age, gender, social support, financial insecurity and quarantine status.

Results
The analytical sample consists of 3623 adults. Stable drinking habits and regular drinking behaviors were found to co-exist with better mental health status. Participants who increased their alcohol use had higher odds of developing mental health disorders than those who maintained their pre-pandemic drinking habits. Additionally, participants who engaged in binge drinking during the pandemic had higher odds of depression and stress than those who did not. The associations regarding increased drinking and binge drinking in relation to adverse mental health outcomes were stronger among females, racial minorities, and individuals with financial concerns, poor social support and restricted quarantine status than their counterparts.

Conclusions
During the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, increased alcohol use and binge drinking are cross-sectionally associated with higher odds of mental health disorders, which highlighted the need for targeted intervention to address the mental health needs of individuals who have engaged in these behaviors, especially among females, minorities, those with insecurities or with restricted quarantine status.
Guidelines for Optimal Patient Outcomes Using Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Jawline Contour
Authors: Moradi Amir , Green Jeremy B , Kwok Gideon P , Nichols Kim , Rivkin Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA(+); Radiesse(+) [Merz North America, Inc., Raleigh, NC]) is the first FDA-approved injectable filler for subdermal and/or supraperiosteal injection to improve moderate-to-severe loss of jawline contour. CaHA has been recognized in the past for its ability to provide contour and support overlying tissues and utilized for jawline augmentation well before this recent indication; however, with recent FDA approval of CaHA(+) for jawline contour improvement, it is important that clinicians are aware of best practices for patient selection, treatment planning and injection, as well as safety considerations and postprocedure care.

Objectives
To provide guidance on best practices for patient assessment and on-label use of CaHA(+) for jawline rejuvenation and augmentation.

Methods
As part of a 2-h roundtable discussion, 5 clinicians with expertise in both the use of CaHA(+) and jawline treatment discussed patient selection, CaHA(+) injection technique, and important safety measures, with the purpose of developing guidance to support optimal clinical use.

Results
The most common applications of CaHA(+) in the jawline are rejuvenation of the prejowl sulcus, recontouring the jawline, and providing definition to the gonial angle. Improving the gonial angle is of particular interest as it is a procedure sought by patients of all genders and ages. Variations in technique are discussed and case studies are presented.

Conclusions
Jawline augmentation is a procedure with wide-ranging appeal for a diverse array of patients. CaHA(+) is an ideal filler for jawline augmentation due to its rheologic properties (high G′) and ability to achieve defined contours and angles. Appropriate injection technique permits effective treatment and outcomes associated with high patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence: 5
iATMEcell: identification of abnormal tumor microenvironment cells to predict the clinical outcomes in cancer based on cell–cell crosstalk network
Authors: Sheng Yuqi , Wu Jiashuo , Li Xiangmei , Qiu Jiayue , Li Ji , Ge Qinyu , Cheng Liang , Han Junwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInteractions between Tumor microenvironment (TME) cells shape the unique growth environment, sustaining tumor growth and causing the immune escape of tumor cells. Nonetheless, no studies have reported a systematic analysis of cellular interactions in the identification of cancer-related TME cells. Here, we proposed a novel network-based computational method, named as iATMEcell, to identify the abnormal TME cells associated with the biological outcome of interest based on a cell–cell crosstalk network. In the method, iATMEcell first manually collected TME cell types from multiple published studies and obtained their corresponding gene signatures. Then, a weighted cell–cell crosstalk network was constructed in the context of a specific cancer bulk tissue transcriptome data, where the weight between cells reflects both their biological function similarity and the transcriptional dysregulated activities of gene signatures shared by them. Finally, it used a network propagation algorithm to identify significantly dysregulated TME cells. Using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma training set and two independent validation sets, we illustrated that iATMEcell could identify significant abnormal cells associated with patient survival and immunotherapy response. iATMEcell was further applied to a pan-cancer analysis, which revealed that four common abnormal immune cells play important roles in the patient prognosis across multiple cancer types. Collectively, we demonstrated that iATMEcell could identify potentially abnormal TME cells based on a cell–cell crosstalk network, which provided a new insight into understanding the effect of TME cells in cancer. iATMEcell is developed as an R package, which is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/hanjunwei-lab/iATMEcell).
Altered functional dynamics gradient in schizophrenia with cigarette smoking
Authors: Chen Yanchi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a high prevalence of cigarette smoking. Neural dynamics are spatially structured and shaped by both microscale molecular and macroscale functional architectures, which are disturbed in the diseased brain. The neural mechanism underlying the schizophrenia-nicotine dependence comorbidity remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to test whether there is an interaction between schizophrenia and smoking in brain neural dynamics, and how the main effect of the 2 factors related to the molecular architecture. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 4 groups: schizophrenia and healthy controls with/without smoking. We identified 2 dynamics gradients combined with over 5,000 statistical features of the brain region's time series. The interaction effect was found in the high-order functional network, and the main effect of schizophrenia was in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortices. Moreover, the disease- and smoking-related alteration in brain pattern was associated with spatial distribution of serotonin, cannabinoid, and glutamate. Collectively, these findings supported the self-medication hypothesis in schizophrenia-nicotine dependence with a neural intrinsic dynamics perspective.
A brain-wide genome-wide association study of candidate quantitative trait loci associated with structural and functional phenotypes of pain sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Li , Pan Yiwen , Huang Gan , Liang Zhen , Li Linling , Zhang Min , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndividual pain sensitivity is modulated by the brain’s structural and functional features, but its heritability remains unclear. This paper conducted a brain-wide genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore the genetic bases of neuroimage phenotypes of pain sensitivity. In total, 432 normal participants were divided into high and low pain sensitivity groups according to the laser quantitative test threshold. Then, the brain’s gray matter density (GMD) features correlated with pain sensitivity were identified. Next, GWAS was performed on each GMD phenotype using quality-controlled genotypes. Based on the heatmap and hierarchical clustering results, the right insula was identified for further refined analysis in terms of subregions GMD and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) phenotypes. The results indicate that the right insula GMD in the high sensitivity group is significantly lower than that in the low sensitivity group. Also, the TT/TC group at locus rs187974 has lower right insula GMD than the CC group. Further, loci at gene CYP2D6 may lead to a variation of rs-FC between the right insula and left putamen. In conclusion, our study suggests that the right insula and multiple candidate loci may be importantly involved in pain sensitivity modulation, which may guide the future development of precision pain therapeutics.
Impact of Treatment on Long-Term Survival of Patients With Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kim Joong-Yub , Choi Yunhee , Park JiWon , Goo Jin Mo , Kim Taek Soo , Seong Moon-Woo , Kwak Nakwon , Yim Jae-Joon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Whether antimicrobial treatment improves long-term survival in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is unclear.

Methods
We analyzed survival in patients aged ≥18 years who were treated for MAC-PD at a tertiary referral center in South Korea between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2020. Treatment exposure was divided into 4 time intervals: &lt;6, ≥6 to &lt;12, ≥12 to &lt;18, and ≥18 months. Time-varying multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the all-cause mortality risk in each time interval. The model was adjusted for major clinical factors related to mortality including age, sex, body mass index, presence of cavities, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, clarithromycin resistance, and comorbid conditions.

Results
A total of 486 patients treated for MAC-PD were included in the analysis. A significant inverse correlation was observed between mortality and duration of treatment (P for trend = .007). Long-term treatment (≥18 months) was significantly associated with reduced mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32 [95% confidence interval, .15–.71]). In subgroup analyses, patients with cavitary lesions (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.17 [95% confidence interval, .05–.57]) or positive AFB smears (0.13 [.02–.84]) at baseline maintained this significant inverse relationship between treatment duration and mortality.

Conclusions
Long-term antimicrobial treatment should be actively considered in patients with progressive MAC-PD, especially in the presence of cavities or positive AFB smears indicative of high mycobacterial burden.
Crisis and the welfare state: the role of public employment services for job placement and the Danish flexicurity system during COVID-19
Authors: Schmidt Torben Dall , Mitze Timo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDenmark is a Nordic welfare state with local government autonomy in public service provision related to workfare policies. We use a policy experiment that re-opened on-site public employment services after the first COVID-19 lockdown in a spatially staggered manner to provide evidence on the effect of public employment services on job placement during a crisis. Early re-opening of on-site public employment services is associated with a better local labour market performance. It particularly benefits low-skilled unemployed and rural areas with specific sector mixes and demographic structures, why workfare-oriented welfare state arrangements remain important to counter social and regional imbalances.
Prediction of heart transplant rejection from routine pathology slides with self-supervised deep learning
Authors: Seraphin Tobias Paul , Luedde Mark , Roderburg Christoph , van Treeck Marko , Scheider Pascal , Buelow Roman D , Boor Peter , Loosen Sven H , Provaznik Zdenek , Mendelsohn Daniel , Berisha Filip , Magnussen Christina , Westermann Dirk , Luedde Tom , Brochhausen Christoph , Sossalla Samuel , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
One of the most important complications of heart transplantation is organ rejection, which is diagnosed on endomyocardial biopsies by pathologists. Computer-based systems could assist in the diagnostic process and potentially improve reproducibility. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of using deep learning in predicting the degree of cellular rejection from pathology slides as defined by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grading system.

Methods and results
We collected 1079 histopathology slides from 325 patients from three transplant centres in Germany. We trained an attention-based deep neural network to predict rejection in the primary cohort and evaluated its performance using cross-validation and by deploying it to three cohorts. For binary prediction (rejection yes/no), the mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was 0.849 in the cross-validated experiment and 0.734, 0.729, and 0.716 in external validation cohorts. For a prediction of the ISHLT grade (0R, 1R, 2/3R), AUROCs were 0.835, 0.633, and 0.905 in the cross-validated experiment and 0.764, 0.597, and 0.913; 0.631, 0.633, and 0.682; and 0.722, 0.601, and 0.805 in the validation cohorts, respectively. The predictions of the artificial intelligence model were interpretable by human experts and highlighted plausible morphological patterns.

Conclusion
We conclude that artificial intelligence can detect patterns of cellular transplant rejection in routine pathology, even when trained on small cohorts.
Agl28 and Agl29 are key components of aHalobacterium salinarum N-glycosylation pathway
Authors: Vershinin Zlata , Zaretsky Marianna , Guan Ziqiang , Eichler Jerry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough Halobacterim salinarum provided the first example of N-glycosylation outside the Eukarya, only recently has attention focused on delineating the pathway responsible for the assembly of the N-linked tetrasaccharide decorating selected proteins in this haloarchaeon. In the present report, the roles of VNG1053G and VNG1054G, two proteins encoded by genes clustered together with a set of genes demonstrated to encode N-glycosylation pathway components, were considered. Relying on both bioinformatics and gene deletion and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis of known N-glycosylated proteins, VNG1053G was determined to be the glycosyltransferase responsible for addition of the linking glucose, while VNG1054G was deemed to be the flippase that translocates the lipid-bound tetrasaccharide across the plasma membrane to face the cell exterior, or to contribute to such activity. As observed with Hbt. salinarum lacking other components of the N-glycosylation machinery, both cell growth and motility were compromised in the absence of VNG1053G or VNG1054G. Thus, given their demonstrated roles in Hbt. salinarum N-glycosylation, VNG1053G and VNG1054G were re-annotated as Agl28 and Agl29, according to the nomenclature used to define archaeal N-glycosylation pathway components.