bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does stress affect maternal and paternal perceptions of relationship strain after a preterm birth? Results of a retrospective survey study
Authors: Reimer Alinda , Mause Laura , Hoffmann Jan , Hagemeier Anna , Dresbach Till , Scholten Nadine ,   Neo‐CamCare
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimStrain on couple relationships is associated with a lower well‐being. As premature birth is known to pose stress to parents, this study explores whether interparental relationship strain comes to pass within mothers and fathers during their infant's stay in a neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional survey was conducted with parents who experienced a preterm birth (September to December 2020). Linear regression was used to analyse associations between stress and relationship strain.ResultsThe study included 437 mothers and 301 fathers. Fathers experienced lower relationship strain (M = 2.49, SD = 1.00) than mothers (M = 3.37, SD = 1.04). Overall, a significant association between relationship strain and stress due to the infant's behaviour and appearance was found for mothers (β = 0.16, p = 0.02) and fathers, with a significantly higher association for fathers (β = 0.27, p ≤ 0.002). With regard to parental role alterations, only mothers showed a significant association (β = 0.21, p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionAlthough mothers showed higher levels of stress and relationship strain, stress may also have an impact on fathers. Therefore, research should focus on stress prevention measures to meet both maternal and paternal needs.
Respiratory outcomes after delivery room stabilisation with a new respiratory support system using nasal prongs
Authors: Baldursdottir Sonja , Donaldsson Snorri , Palleri Elena , Drevhammar Thomas , Jonsson Baldvin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo study if stabilisation using a new respiratory support system with nasal prongs compared to T‐piece with a face mask is associated with less need for mechanical ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.MethodsA single‐centre follow‐up study of neonates born <28 weeks gestation at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm included in the multicentre Comparison of Respiratory Support after Delivery (CORSAD) trial and randomised to initial respiratory support with the new system versus T‐piece. Data on respiratory support, neonatal morbidities and mortality were collected up to 36 weeks post‐menstrual age.ResultsNinety‐four infants, 51 female, with a median (range) gestational age of 25 + 2 (23 + 0, 27 + 6) weeks and days, were included. Significantly fewer infants in the new system group received mechanical ventilation during the first 72 h, 24 (52.2%) compared with 35 (72.9%) (p = 0.034) and during the first 7 days, 29 (63.0%) compared with 39 (81.3%) (p = 0.045) in the T‐piece group. At 36 weeks post‐menstrual age, 13 (28.3%) in the new system and 13 (27.1%) in the T‐piece group were diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.ConclusionStabilisation with the new system was associated with less need for mechanical ventilation during the first week of life. No significant difference was seen in the outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Moving well‐being well: Using machine learning to explore the relationship between physical literacy and well‐being in children
Authors: Britton Úna , Onibonoje Oluwadurotimi , Belton Sarahjane , Behan Stephen , Peers Cameron , Issartel Johann , Roantree Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhysical literacy provides a foundation for lifelong engagement in physical activity, resulting in positive health outcomes. Direct pathways between physical literacy and health have not yet been investigated thoroughly. Associations between physical literacy and well‐being in children (n = 1073, mean age 10.86 ± 1.20 years) were analysed using machine learning. Motor competence (TGMD‐3 and BOT‐2) and health‐related fitness (PACER and plank) were assessed in the physical competence domain. Motivation (adapted‐Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire) and confidence (modified‐Physical Activity Self‐Efficacy Scale) were assessed in the affective domain. Well‐being was measured using the KIDSCREEN‐27. Accuracy of predicting well‐being from physical literacy was investigated using five machine learning classifiers (decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, k‐nearest neighbour) in the full sample and across subgroups (sex, socioeconomic status [SES], age). XGBoost predicted well‐being from physical literacy with an accuracy of 87% in the full sample. Predictive accuracy was lowest in low SES participants. Contribution of physical literacy features differed substantially across subgroups. Physical literacy predicts well‐being in children but the relative contribution of physical literacy features to well‐being differs substantially between subgroups.
Reduction of oocyte shedding and cecal inflammation by 5‐aminolevulinic acid daily supplementation in laying hens infected with Eimeria tenella
Authors: Hatabu Toshimitsu , Pham Hung Hoang Son , Aota Wataru , Fujino Shota , Nishihara Rio , Kawamura Go , Sakogawa Yuudai , Taniguchi Shin , Matsubayashi Makoto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) on Eimeria tenella infection in laying hens. Oocyst shedding and histopathology were evaluated. A reduced oocyst shedding was observed 5 and 7 days post‐infection (dpi) in the 5‐ALA‐administered group, but the total number of oocysts during the first infection period was not different between control and 5‐ALA‐treated groups. After E. tenella attack infection, the period of oocyst shedding in the 5‐ALA‐administered group lasted less long than that in controls. During the attack infection period, the total number of fecal oocysts in the 5‐ALA‐treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, the parasite burden score in hens receiving 5‐ALA was higher than that in controls after E. tenella attack infection. The lesion scores at 5 and 30 dpi in the control group were significantly lower than those in the 5‐ALA‐administered group. Therefore, 5‐ALA administration might be beneficial against E. tenella infection in laying hens.
Fitting South Korea in the United Kingdom's Indo‐Pacific tilt
Authors: Kim Saeme 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs the UK seeks to build stronger relations with countries in the Indo‐Pacific, an important factor for its relations with South Korea will be the extent to which South Korea can clarify its own geopolitical orientation, including how it grapples with issues linked to China's rise. As the UK projects its leadership in a post‐Brexit era, it is identifying, through the Indo‐Pacific tilt, aspects where it can exercise influence in the region. Through the process, it will orient itself in new and existing networks and seek to identify reliable partners. There is potential for South Korea to be a bigger partner, but it will depend on how far South Korea can move out of its comfort zone and how deeply it is willing to imbed itself in the transforming networked architecture.
Which firms opt for corporate social responsibility assurance? A machine learning prediction
Authors: Thompson Ephraim Kwashie , Buertey Samuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOn the background of voluntary assurances made by corporations in line with the assertions in their corporate social responsibility disclosures, we investigate which types of firms will obtain an independent certification of their corporate social responsibility disclosures. The study is based on firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 2015 to 2019. Deviating from traditional regression approaches, we employ machine learning techniques and show that machine learning techniques obtain superior performance compared to traditional logistic regression at predicting the likelihood of corporate social responsibility assurance by a corporation. The result also shows that large firms with high CSR score, independent board, highly leveraged and belonging to finance industry are the most likely to assure their CSR disclosures.
Combining Observational and Experimental Datasets Using Shrinkage Estimators
Authors: Rosenman Evan T.R. , Basse Guillaume , Owen Art B. , Baiocchi Mike 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the problem of combining data from observational and experimental sources to draw causal conclusions. To derive combined estimators with desirable properties, we extend results from the Stein shrinkage literature. Our contributions are threefold. First, we propose a generic procedure for deriving shrinkage estimators in this setting, making use of a generalized unbiased risk estimate. Second, we develop two new estimators, prove finite sample conditions under which they have lower risk than an estimator using only experimental data, and show that each achieves a notion of asymptotic optimality. Third, we draw connections between our approach and results in sensitivity analysis, including proposing a method for evaluating the feasibility of our estimators.
The promise and harms of screening for plasma cell dyscrasias
Authors: Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Cliff Edward R. Scheffer 
Published: January 2023

SummaryIn this perspective, we highlight both the promise and harms of screening for plasma cell dyscrasias, as well as the implications of the use of mass spectrometry for diagnosing monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in routine practice.
Oral immunotherapy using boiled peanuts for treating peanut allergy: An open‐label, single‐arm trial
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Tao Billy , Aliakbari Kamelya , Chegeni Nusha , Morris Scott , Chataway Tim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeanut allergy affects 1%–3% of children in Western countries. Boiling peanuts has been demonstrated to result in a hypoallergenic product that may provide a safer way of inducing desensitization in peanut‐allergic patients by first inducing tolerance to boiled peanut. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy (OIT) using sequential doses of boiled peanuts followed by roasted peanuts for treating peanut allergy in children.MethodsIn this open‐label, phase 2, single‐arm clinical trial, children aged 6–18 years with a positive history of peanut allergy and positive peanut skin prick test ≥ 8 mm and/or peanut‐specific IgE ≥ 15 kU/L at screening underwent OIT involving sequential up‐dosing with 12‐hour boiled peanut for 12 weeks, 2‐hour boiled peanut for 20 weeks and roasted peanut for 20 weeks, to a target maintenance dose of 12 roasted peanuts daily. Primary outcome: proportion of children passing open‐label oral food challenge involving cumulative administration of 12 roasted peanuts (12 g peanuts; approximately 3000 mg peanut protein) 6–8 weeks after reaching the target maintenance dose. Secondary outcomes included treatment‐related adverse events and use of medications for treating allergy symptoms.ResultsBetween 1 July 2017 and 22 June 2018, 70 participants were enrolled and commenced OIT. Desensitization was successfully induced in 56 of 70 (80%) participants. Withdrawal due to treatment‐related adverse events was infrequent (n = 3). Treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 43 (61%) participants, corresponding to a rate of 6.58 per 1000 OIT doses. Medication use associated with treatment‐related adverse events was infrequent, with rescue epinephrine use reported by three (4%) participants (0.05 per 1000 doses).ConclusionOral immunotherapy using boiled followed by roasted peanuts represents a pragmatic approach that appears effective in inducing desensitization and is associated with a favourable safety profile.
Psilocin suppresses methamphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion and acquisition of conditioned place preference via D2R‐mediated ERK signaling
Authors: Wang Jing , Liang Min , Shang Qing , Qian Hongyan , An Ran , Liu Hua , Shao Gaojie , Li Tao , Liu Xinshe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimPsilocin is an active metabolite form of psilocybin and exerts psychoactive effects. Recent studies suggest that psilocin may have regulatory effects on abuse drugs, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we want to explore the effects of psilocin on methamphetamine (METH)‐induced alterations of behavior in mice and its molecular mechanisms.MethodsAcute METH administration model and conditioned place preference (CPP) model were used to investigate the effects of psilocin on METH‐induced alterations of behavior. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins.ResultsIn the acute 2 mg/kg METH administration model, 1 mg/kg psilocin counteracted METH‐induced elevation of activity. In the 1 mg/kg METH‐induced CPP model, 1 mg/kg psilocin inhibited CPP formation during the acquisition phase. However, psilocin did not impact METH extinction and relapse. Molecular results showed that the regulatory effect of psilocin on METH was underscored by altered expression of dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and phosphorylated extra‐cellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Trifluoperazine (TFP)‐2HCl is a D2R inhibitor, and SCH772984 is a selective extra‐cellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor that effectively inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The results indicated that 2 mg/kg TFP‐2HCl and 10 mg/kg SCH772984 blocked METH‐induced hyperactivity and acquisition of METH‐induced CPP.ConclusionPsilocin has regulatory effects on METH‐induced alterations of behavior in mice via D2R‐mediated signal regulation of ERK phosphorylation.
Alpinetin inhibits neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in spinal cord injury
Authors: Xiao Shining , Zhang Yu , Liu Zihao , Li Anan , Tong Weilai , Xiong Xu , Nie Jiangbo , Zhong Nanshan , Zhu Guoqing , Liu Jiaming , Liu Zhili 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of research shows that drug monomers from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects that can significantly improve the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we explore the role and molecular mechanisms of Alpinetin on activating microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after SCI.MethodsStimulation of microglia with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate neuroinflammation models in vitro, the effect of Alpinetin on the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators in LPS‐induced microglia and its mechanism were detected. In addition, a co‐culture system of microglia and neuronal cells was constructed to assess the effect of Alpinetin on activating microglia‐mediated neuronal apoptosis. Finally, rat spinal cord injury models were used to study the effects on inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, axonal regeneration, and motor function recovery in Alpinetin.ResultsAlpinetin inhibits microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation and activity of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Alpinetin can also reverse activated microglia‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in PC12 neuronal cells. In addition, in vivo Alpinetin significantly inhibits the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, improves axonal regeneration, and recovery of motor function.ConclusionAlpinetin can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases and is a novel drug candidate for the treatment of microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation.
Timing of operation for poor‐grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Relationship with delayed cerebral ischemia and poor prognosis
Authors: Lu Junlin , Wang Liang , Li Runting , Lin Fa , Chen Yu , Yan Debin , Yang Jun , Li Ruinan , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Haibin , Han Heze , Yuan Kexin , Wang Ke , Ren Yihang , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Yuanli , Zhao Jizong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo assess differences in the clinical prognosis between different treatment timings in poor‐grade (Hunt and Hess grade 4–5) aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.MethodsThe treated 127 poor‐grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were divided into three groups: early treatment within 2 days, treatment on days 3 to 10, and treatment for more than 10 days after the hemorrhage. Odd ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated in logistic regression for different timing strategies regarding delayed cerebral ischemia and poor prognosis at 3 months. Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether the different timing strategies affect the prognosis.ResultsPatients who received the treatment on days 3 to 10 were prone to develop delayed cerebral ischemia and poor prognosis at 3 months. Postponing treatment in patients older than 55 years or diagnosed with an intraventricular hematoma on the initial computed tomography scan may lead to poor prognosis, with the early intervention group as a reference.ConclusionsEarly intervention in poor‐grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is suggested to be implemented. The treatment on 3 to 10 days harbored the highest risk of poor prognosis; patients might benefit more from early intervention, especially for ones older than 55 years or diagnosed with an intraventricular hematoma.
A three‐dimensional spheroid co‐culture system of neurons and astrocytes derived from Alzheimer's disease patients for drug efficacy testing
Authors: Park HyunJung , Kim Jaehyeon , Ryou Chongsuk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCell culture systems derived from the progenitor cells of human patients have many advantages over animal models for therapeutic drug testing and studies of disease pathogenesis. Here we describe a three‐dimensional (3D) spheroid co‐culture system of neurons and astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells–neural precursor cells (iPSCs–NPCs) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients or healthy individuals that can provide information on drug efficacy unobtainable by 2D co‐culture or monoculture approaches. iPSCs–NPCs of healthy controls or AD patients were seeded onto 96‐well U‐bottom plates and incubated with neuronal differentiation medium for one week and with astrocytic medium for two weeks to replicate the temporal order of cell maturation during brain development. These 3D spheroid models expressed marker proteins for mature neurons and astrocytes. In particular, patient‐derived spheroids showed beta‐amyloid (Aβ) accumulation as revealed by thioflavin T (ThT) staining and ELISA. Aggregation of Aβ induced caspase activation and cell death, while the neuroprotectants nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and curcumin (CU) reduced the levels of both ThT and caspase staining. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of our 3D spheroids combined with ThT and caspase staining as a patient‐based anti‐AD drug screening platform.
Wildlife institutions highly salient to human attitudes toward wildlife
Authors: Merz Leandra , Pienaar Elizabeth F. , Fik Timothy , Muyengwa Shylock , Child Brian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEfforts to promote human‐wildlife coexistence may be overly focused on wildlife‐related costs and benefits. We conducted research in Mozambique to gain insights into how governance of wildlife influences potential for human‐wildlife coexistence. Mozambique is an under‐studied region with a unique history of Portuguese rule, extended civil unrest, substantial wildlife trafficking, and current re‐wilding efforts. We conducted surveys, logistic regression, and hotspot analysis to assess which variables are correlated with positive attitudes toward living with wildlife. Most respondents (61%) expressed positive attitudes toward living with wildlife. Attitudes were positively correlated with age, gender, distance from the park, wildlife benefits, restricted access to natural resources, and agreement with wildlife rules. Conflict with wildlife (i.e., livestock predation, human harm, and crop loss) were not significant predictors of attitudes. Respondents who agreed with the rules governing wildlife were 30‐times more likely to have positive attitudes. This new and important finding highlights the possibility that institutions that address environmental justice, including the devolution of wildlife to local communities, may be more salient than the conventional measures of costs and benefits for understanding human‐wildlife coexistence. Our results suggest that much more attention should be dedicated to the role of local institutions in promoting human‐wildlife coexistence.
Donor specific antibodies association with survival and adverse events after heart transplantation: A single center retrospective study between 2006 and 2021
Authors: Akhtar Waqas , Peterzan Mark A. , Banya Winston , Olwell Brian , Aghouee Farveh Vakilian , Brookes Paul , Dunning John , Dar Owais 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveNewly detected donor HLA‐specific antibodies (DSA) are historically known to be associated with reduced survival in heart transplant patients. Our objective is to clarify the modern incidence of DSA and determine its relationship with survival and MACE.MethodsThis retrospective study included all patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation at Harefield Hospital, London between January 1, 2006 and May 31, 2021. We identified patients who developed DSA at any point post heart transplantation and its effect on survival and MACE (defined as rejection, coronary event, stroke, and arrhythmia.ResultsIn total of 232 patients were included with a median follow up time of 4.7 years post heart transplantation. 23.7% of patients included developed DSA post heart transplantation. There was a significantly increased risk of death in patients developing DSA versus not (sub distribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.03–3.24, p = .04). At the time of detection of DSA, 38.2% of the cohort had rejection necessitating treatment. A MACE event had occurred in 48.1% by 2 years and 53.7% by 3 years in the DSA cohort. There was a significantly increased risk of MACE in patients developing DSA versus not (SHR 2.48 [1.58–3.89, p < .0001]).ConclusionsThis study showed an increased risk of death and MACE in patients developing DSA post heart transplantation. Further research is required into the optimal management of these patients
Power and respect in global health research collaboration: Perspectives from research partners in the United States and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Green Corrinne , Scharf Jodi , Jiménez‐Bautista Ana , Halpern Mina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch partnerships between institutions in the Global North and institutions in the Global South have many potential benefits, including sharing of knowledge and resources. However, such partnerships are traditionally exploitative to varying degrees. In order to promote equity in South‐North research partnerships, it is necessary to learn from the experiences of researchers collaborating internationally. This study analyzed transcripts from eleven semi‐structured qualitative interviews with researchers working at Clínica de Familia La Romana, an institution in the Dominican Republic with decades of experience with research and research partnerships with institutions from the Global North. The findings of this study suggest that respect for resources invested in research, as well as for the researchers and institutions themselves, are vital components to a successful global health research partnership. These findings have implications for individual research partnerships, as well as the policies of journals and institutions providing funding that affect these partnerships.