bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated detection of learning stages and interaction difficulty from eye-tracking data within a mixed reality learning environment
Authors: Ogunseiju Omobolanle Ruth , Gonsalves Nihar , Akanmu Abiola Abosede , Abraham Yewande , Nnaji Chukwuma 
Published: January 2023

PurposeConstruction companies are increasingly adopting sensing technologies like laser scanners, making it necessary to upskill the future workforce in this area. However, limited jobsite access hinders experiential learning of laser scanning, necessitating the need for an alternative learning environment. Previously, the authors explored mixed reality (MR) as an alternative learning environment for laser scanning, but to promote seamless learning, such learning environments must be proactive and intelligent. Toward this, the potentials of classification models for detecting user difficulties and learning stages in the MR environment were investigated in this study.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted machine learning classifiers on eye-tracking data and think-aloud data for detecting learning stages and interaction difficulties during the usability study of laser scanning in the MR environment.FindingsThe classification models demonstrated high performance, with neural network classifier showing superior performance (accuracy of 99.9%) during the detection of learning stages and an ensemble showing the highest accuracy of 84.6% for detecting interaction difficulty during laser scanning.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study revealed that eye movement data possess significant information about learning stages and interaction difficulties and provide evidence of the potentials of smart MR environments for improved learning experiences in construction education. The research implication further lies in the potential of an intelligent learning environment for providing personalized learning experiences that often culminate in improved learning outcomes. This study further highlights the potential of such an intelligent learning environment in promoting inclusive learning, whereby students with different cognitive capabilities can experience learning tailored to their specific needs irrespective of their individual differences.Originality/valueThe classification models will help detect learners requiring additional support to acquire the necessary technical skills for deploying laser scanners in the construction industry and inform the specific training needs of users to enhance seamless interaction with the learning environment.
From efficiencies to transformation – tapping the full potential of process mining
Authors: Higgins Lisa , Marshall Anthony , Crysel Kirsten , Dencik Jacob 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Because of its effectiveness, process mining is rapidly becoming ubiquitous. A recent IBM Institute for Business Value (IBV) survey found that 65 percent of organizations report actively using process mining to improve processes. And in partnership with software-as-a-service (SaaS) providers to add even greater insight into their processes, 69 percent compare their organization’s data with other SaaS customers. And as many as 77 percent of supply chain executives say they are at least at the implementation stage of process and task mining.

Design/methodology/approach
The IBM Institute for Business Value and APQC, in cooperation with Oxford Economics, surveyed 2,000 C-level executives in first half of 2022 from 13 countries in all major geographies and across 22 industries. The IBV and APQC implemented an in-depth analysis of how organizations use benchmarking and process mining tools, the benefits they gain from use of these tools and how they anticipate using them in the future.

Findings
Big data and digital technologies also creates new possibilities for measuring performance and revealing process improvement opportunities through process mining ? a relatively new discipline that applies data science to discover, validate and improve workflows in real time.

Practical/implications
By utilizing data from IT systems to create a process model and then examining the end-to-end process, process mining enables root causes of variations from norms to be identified using specialized algorithms, and these insights enable management to see if processes are functioning as intended and identify new opportunities to optimize them.

Originality/value
More recently, the scope of process mining initiatives has widened to encompass more sophisticated mission-critical functions, notably human capital, cybersecurity and sales. Organizations that embrace process mining outperform others across key business measures, including profitability, innovation, agility, customer satisfaction and technological sophistication. 10;
Roots originating from different shoot parts are functionally different in running bamboo, Phyllostachys glauca
Authors: Wang Guangru , Yu Fen , Wu Hongyan , Hu Shuzhen , Wu Shujin , Pei Nancai , Shi Jianmin , Lambers Hans 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Running bamboos are a group of clonal plants exhibiting rapid and widespread expansion. They possess two root subsystems, arising from different shoot parts, culm roots and rhizome roots. To date, it remains unclear what the functional differences are between the two root subsystems and what their relation is to the remarkably competitive ability of running bamboos.

A typical running bamboo, Phyllostachys glauca, which dominates in a highly heterogeneous habitat of limestone hills, was sampled to compare the morphology, architecture, anatomy, chemical composition, mechanics and nutrient acquisition of the two root subsystems to explore their differences in functional traits.

Compared with rhizome roots, culm roots possessed greater tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, stele diameter to root diameter ratio, root tissue density, root length density, rooting depth, basal diameter of shoot‐borne roots and more lignified cells. Culm roots also had a higher phosphorus (P) concentration (>0.4 mg g−1), which was nearly twice that of rhizome roots. By contrast, rhizome roots exhibited a greater specific root area, specific root length, cortex thickness to root radius ratio, total branch order and greater P‐uptake capacity than culm roots.

Our findings revealed distinct differences in functional traits between culm roots and rhizome roots in P. glauca. Culm roots are considered to primarily provide anchorage, but also function in resource acquisition and nutrient storage, while rhizome roots mainly play a role in resource acquisition. Except for the anchorage and resource acquisition of culm roots, the extra resource acquisition by rhizome roots and the high concentration of a limiting nutrient (P) in culm roots enhance the performance in a highly heterogeneous habitat which offers a physiological explanation for P. glauca dominating on limestone hills.

The functional differentiation between culm roots and rhizome roots provides insight into the mechanism underpinning the remarkable expansion of running bamboos and offers a new perspective to explain the strong competitive ability of clonal plants with dimorphic roots.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Marine protected areas' positive effect on fish biomass persists across the steep climatic gradient of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Frid Ori , Malamud Shahar , Di Franco Antonio , Guidetti Paolo , Azzurro Ernesto , Claudet Joachim , Micheli Fiorenza , Yahel Ruth , Sala Enric , Belmaker Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The positive effect of fully protected marine protected areas (MPAs) on marine biodiversity, and specifically on fishes, has been widely documented. In contrast, the potential of MPAs to mitigate the impact of adverse climatic conditions has seldom been investigated.

Here, we assessed the effectiveness of MPAs, quantified as increasing fish biomass, across wide geographic and environmental gradients across the Mediterranean Sea. We performed underwater visual surveys within and outside MPAs to characterize fish assemblages in 52 rocky reef sites across an extent of over 3300 km. We used the steep spatial temperature gradient across the Mediterranean as a ‘space‐for‐time’ substitution to infer climate‐driven temporal changes.

We found that, as expected, Mediterranean MPAs increased fish biomass. At the same time, higher seawater temperatures are associated with decreased fish biomass, changes in species composition, and shifts towards more thermophilic species. Importantly, we found that the rate of decrease in fish biomass with temperature was similar between protected and fished sites.

Taken together, these results suggest that the capacity of MPAs to harbour higher fish biomass, compared to surrounding areas, is maintained across a broad temperature range. At the same time, MPAs will not be able to offset larger‐scale biotic alterations associated with climate change.

Policy implications. Our results suggest that sustained warming will likely reduce fish biomass in the Mediterranean Sea and shift community structure, requiring more conservative targets for fishery regulations. At the same time, protection from fishing will remain an important management tool even with future high‐water temperatures, and MPAs are expected to continue to provide local‐scale benefits to conservation and fisheries.
EXPERIENCING URBAN SMELLS WHEN WALKING: Kastamonu City Case
Authors: Çeven Elif Ayan , Belkayali Nur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUrban experiences are increasing in popularity every day. In these experiences sensory elements are significant, and a review of the urban environment, in which visual perceptions have prevailed in the past, would demonstrate that other senses are important as well. As Le Corbusier remarked, urban experiences can be achieved by walking with a wide perspective. In the present study scent walks were conducted to reveal the significance of the scent factor in urban experience. As a result of these walks, the existing scents in Kastamonu city, the role of the scents in urban memory, and their effects on individuals were determined, thus emphasizing the significance of scents for urban planning and design.
The development of ankylosing spondylitis in a patient with familial hemophilia
Authors: Cüre Osman , Ilkkilic Kadir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHemophilia is a rare inherited disease which causes bleeding due to Factor VIII or Factor IX deficiency. It is usually X‐linked recessive and typically affects males. Arthropathy occurs as a result of cartilage damage and chronic synovitis due to recurrent intra‐articular bleeding in hemophilic patients and is mostly seen in the knee, shoulder, hip and ankle joints. There are many other diseases that cause chronic synovitis ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which is a subtype of spondyloarthropathies that cause chronic low back pain, more common in men younger than 45 years of age. In addition to axial involvement, peripheral arthritis, uveitis, enthesitis and dactylitis can be seen. Although the etiology is not fully known, genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to present congenital hemophilia and AS coexistence in a 22‐year‐old male patient.
Unprecedented long‐term survival in a patient with malignant pleural mesothelioma treated with subsequent systemic chemo‐ and immunotherapeutic regimens
Authors: Cerbone Luigi , Delfanti Sara , De Angelis Antonina M. , Crivellari Stefania , Boccuzzi Francesco , Cimorelli Angela , Bertolotti Marinella , Righi Luisella , Bertino Pietro , Grosso Federica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPleural mesothelioma is a rare disease with a dismal prognosis and few therapeutic options. Until recently the median overall survival for a pleural mesothelioma patient was up to 2 years, with few exceptional cases of patients achieving a longer survival. Here, we report the clinical case of a patient whose survival spanned over 10 years. The patient underwent several systemic treatments, including three different chemotherapy lines (cisplatin‐pemetrexed, vinorelbine and platinum rechallenge) and two immunotherapy regimens using immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti CTLA‐4 tremelimumab and anti PD‐1 nivolumab). At the time this report was written, the patient was off‐treatment, asymptomatic and with a stable radiological disease. Our case demonstrates that a prolonged survival with a preserved quality of life may be reached in selected patients through the exploitation of the available treatments in an expertise setting.
A randomised controlled trial of the non‐inferiority of erector spinae plane block vs. thoracic paravertebral block for laparoscopic nephro‐ureterectomy
Authors: Xu Z.‐Z. , Li X. , Chen B.‐L. , Yang K.‐L. , Wang J. , Li X.‐Y. , Zhang H. , Wang D.‐X. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryErector spinae plane block and paravertebral block can provide analgesia for abdominal surgery. It is unclear whether erector spinae block is inferior to paravertebral block. We aimed to determine whether sufentanil dose and pain intensity (11‐point scale) to 24 h after erector spinae block exceeded those after paravertebral block by no more than 5 μg and 1 point, respectively. We randomly allocated 166 adults to 0.4 ml.kg−1 ropivacaine 0.375% before scheduled laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, 83 each to erector spinae or paravertebral injection. We measured incision pain and intra‐abdominal pain at rest and on movement 0.5 h, 2 h, 6 h, 18 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgery. Median (IQR [range]) cumulative sufentanil dose after erector spinae block was 15 (5–30 [0–105]) μg vs. 20 (10–50 [0–145]) μg after paravertebral block, median (95%CI) difference 5 μg (0–10), erector spinae non‐inferiority p < 0.001. Median (IQR [range]) pain were 1.5 (1.0–2.0 [0.0–5.3]) after erector spinae block vs. 2.0 (1.0–2.5 [0.0–6.0]) after paravertebral block, median (95% CI) difference 0.3 (0.0–0.5), erector spinae non‐inferiority p < 0.001. Adverse events did not differ between groups. Erector spinae block analgesia was not inferior to paravertebral block analgesia after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.
Two‐pore channel protein TPC1 is a determining factor for the adaptation of proximal tubular phosphate handling
Authors: Just Armin , Mallmann Robert T. , Grossmann Sonja , Sleman Faten , Klugbauer Norbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTwo‐pore channels (TPCs) constitute a small family of cation channels expressed in endo‐lysosomal compartments. TPCs have been characterized as critical elements controlling Ca2+‐mediated vesicular membrane fusion and thereby regulating endo‐lysosomal vesicle trafficking. Exo‐ and endocytotic trafficking and lysosomal degradation are major mechanisms of adaption of epithelial transport. A prime example of highly regulated epithelial transport is the tubular system of the kidney. We therefore studied the localization of TPC protein 1 (TPC1) in the kidney and its functional role in the dynamic regulation of tubular transport.MethodsImmunohistochemistry in combination with tubular markers were used to investigate TPC1 expression in proximal and distal tubules. The excretion of phosphate and ammonium, as well as urine volume and pH were studied in vivo, in response to dynamic challenges induced by bolus injection of parathyroid hormone or acid–base transitions via consecutive infusion of NaCl, Na2CO3, and NH4Cl.ResultsIn TPC1‐deficient mice, the PTH‐induced rise in phosphate excretion was prolonged and exaggerated, and its recovery delayed in comparison with wildtype littermates. In the acid–base transition experiment, TPC1‐deficient mice showed an identical rise in phosphate excretion in response to Na2CO3 compared with wildtypes, but a delayed NH4Cl‐induced recovery. Ammonium‐excretion decreased with Na2CO3, and increased with NH4Cl, but without differences between genotypes.ConclusionsWe conclude that TPC1 is expressed subapically in the proximal but not distal tubule and plays an important role in the dynamic adaptation of proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption towards enhanced, but not reduced absorption.
Tissue‐specific effects of exercise as NAD+‐boosting strategy: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Walzik David , Jonas Wiebke , Joisten Niklas , Belen Sergen , Wüst Rob C. I. , Guillemin Gilles , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an evolutionarily highly conserved coenzyme with multi‐faceted cell functions, including energy metabolism, molecular signaling processes, epigenetic regulation, and DNA repair. Since the discovery that lower NAD+ levels are a shared characteristic of various diseases and aging per se, several NAD+‐boosting strategies have emerged. Other than pharmacological and nutritional approaches, exercise is thought to restore NAD+ homeostasis through metabolic adaption to chronically recurring states of increased energy demand. In this review we discuss the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on tissue‐specific NAD+ metabolism of rodents and humans to highlight the potential value as NAD+‐boosting strategy. By interconnecting results from different investigations, we aim to draw attention to tissue‐specific alterations in NAD+ metabolism and the associated implications for whole‐body NAD+ homeostasis. Acute exercise led to profound alterations of intracellular NAD+ metabolism in various investigations, with the magnitude and direction of changes being strongly dependent on the applied exercise modality, cell type, and investigated animal model or human population. Exercise training elevated NAD+ levels and NAD+ metabolism enzymes in various tissues. Based on these results, we discuss molecular mechanisms that might connect acute exercise‐induced disruptions of NAD+/NADH homeostasis to chronic exercise adaptions in NAD+ metabolism. Taking this hypothesis‐driven approach, we hope to inspire future research on the molecular mechanisms of exercise as NAD+‐modifying lifestyle intervention, thereby elucidating the potential therapeutic value in NAD+‐related pathologies.
Cranberry‐lingonberry juice affects the gut and urinary microbiome in children ‐ a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hakkola Mikael , Vehviläinen Pekka , Muotka Janita , Tejesvi Mysore V. , Pokka Tytti , Vähäsarja Päivi , Hanni Anna‐Maija , Renko Marjo , Uhari Matti , Salo Jarmo , Tapiainen Terhi 
Published: January 2023

The mechanism by which cranberry‐lingonberry juice (CLJ) prevents urinary tract infections (UTI) in children remains unknown. We hypothesized that it alters the composition of the gut or urinary microbiome. Altogether, 113 children with UTIs were randomly allocated to drink either CLJ or a placebo juice for 6 months. We collected urinary samples at 3 months and fecal samples at 3, 6 and 12 months and used next‐generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S gene. The children who consumed CLJ had a lower abundance of Proteobacteria (p = 0.03) and a higher abundance of Firmicutes phylum (p = 0.04) in their urinary microbiome at 3 months than did those in the placebo group. The abundance of Escherichia coli in the urinary microbiome was 6% in the CLJ group and 13% in the placebo group (p = 0.42). In the gut microbiome the abundance of Actinobacteria at 3 and 12 months was higher in the children receiving CLJ. The diversity of the urinary and gut microbiome did not differ between the groups. The children drinking CLJ had a different urinary and gut microbiome from those receiving a placebo juice. A healthy urinary microbiome may be important in preventing UTIs in children.
The neurovasculature as a target in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Reiss Yvonne , Bauer Sebastian , David Bastian , Devraj Kavi , Fidan Elif , Hattingen Elke , Liebner Stefan , Melzer Nico , Meuth Sven G. , Rosenow Felix , Rüber Theodor , Willems Laurent M. , Plate Karl H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a physiological barrier maintaining a specialized brain micromilieu that is necessary for proper neuronal function. Endothelial tight junctions and specific transcellular/efflux transport systems provide a protective barrier against toxins, pathogens, and immune cells. The barrier function is critically supported by other cell types of the neurovascular unit, including pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and interneurons. The dysfunctionality of the BBB is a hallmark of neurological diseases, such as ischemia, brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders. Moreover, BBB dysfunction is critically involved in epilepsy, a brain disorder characterized by spontaneously occurring seizures because of abnormally synchronized neuronal activity. While resistance to antiseizure drugs that aim to reduce neuronal hyperexcitability remains a clinical challenge, drugs targeting the neurovasculature in epilepsy patients have not been explored. The use of novel imaging techniques permits early detection of BBB leakage in epilepsy; however, the detailed mechanistic understanding of causes and consequences of BBB compromise remains unknown. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of BBB involvement in temporal lobe epilepsy with the emphasis on the neurovasculature as a therapeutic target.
RNAi screening reveals a synthetic chemical–genetic interaction between ATP synthase and PFK1 in cancer cells
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroki , Takase Shohei , Nishimura Haruna , Matsumoto Ken , Harada Hironori , Yoshida Minoru 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo meet cellular bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands, cancer cells remodel their metabolism to increase glycolytic flux, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect and believed to contribute to cancer malignancy. Among glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase‐1 (PFK1) has been shown to act as a rate‐limiting enzyme and to facilitate the Warburg effect in cancer cells. In this study, however, we found that decreased PFK1 activity did not affect cell survival or proliferation in cancer cells. This raised a question regarding the importance of PFK1 in malignancy. To gain insights into the role of PFK1 in cancer metabolism and the possibility of adopting it as a novel anticancer therapeutic target, we screened for genes that caused lethality when they were knocked down in the presence of tryptolinamide (TLAM), a PFK1 inhibitor. The screen revealed a synthetic chemical–genetic interaction between genes encoding subunits of ATP synthase (complex V) and TLAM. Indeed, after TLAM treatment, the sensitivity of HeLa cells to oligomycin A (OMA), an ATP synthase inhibitor, was 13,000 times higher than that of untreated cells. Furthermore, this sensitivity potentiation by TLAM treatment was recapitulated by genetic mutations of PFK1. By contrast, TLAM did not potentiate the sensitivity of normal fibroblast cell lines to OMA, possibly due to their reduced energy demands compared to cancer cells. We also showed that the PFK1‐mediated glycolytic pathway can act as an energy reservoir. Selective potentiation of the efficacy of ATP synthase inhibitors by PFK1 inhibition may serve as a foundation for novel anticancer therapeutic strategies.