bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zenker’s peroral endoscopic myotomy for management of large Zenker’s diverticulum
Authors: Zhang Linda Y. , Hernández Mondragón Oscar , Pioche Mathieu , Steinway Steven N. , Nieto Jose , Ujiki Michael B. , VanDruff Vanessa N. , Kim Raymond E. , Canakis Andrew , Tantau Marcel , Tantau Alina , Pop Anamaria , Jacques Jérémie , Lajin Michael , Desai Pankaj , Shrigiriwar Apurva , Bejjani Michael , Kumta Nikhil A. , Khashab Mouen A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Zenker’s diverticulum peroral endoscopic myotomy (zPOEM) is a minimally invasive treatment strategy for Zenker’s diverticulum, with excellent results for management of small-to-moderate Zenker’s diverticulum. We evaluated its use in the management of large Zenker’s diverticulum.
Methods This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study across 11 international centers including adult patients with large Zenker’s diverticulum ≥ 40 mm treated by zPOEM between March 2017 and March 2022. The primary outcome was clinical success (dysphagia score ≤ 1 without need for further intervention). Secondary outcomes included technical success (complete myotomy as intended), adverse events (AEs), and rate of recurrence.
Results 83 patients (male 62.7 %, mean age 72.6 [SD 11.5] years) underwent zPOEM for treatment of large Zenker’s diverticulum (median size 50 mm, interquartile range [IQR] 41–55 mm, range 40–80 mm). The zPOEM procedure was technically successful in 82 patients (98.8 %), with a mean procedure time of 48.7 (SD 23.2) minutes. Clinical success was achieved in 71 patients (85.5 %). Median (IQR) symptom scores improved significantly from baseline for dysphagia (2 2
3 vs. 0 [0–2]; P < 0.001), regurgitation (3 2
3
4 vs. 0 [0–0]; P < 0.001), and respiratory symptoms (2 [0–3] vs. 0 [0–0]; P < 0.001). Among patients achieving clinical success, only one recurrence (1.4 %) was recorded during a median follow-up of 12.2 months (IQR 3–28). Post-procedure AEs, all mild to moderate, occurred in four patients (4.8 %).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated safe and effective use of zPOEM in the management of large Zenker’s diverticulum.
Tissue Damage Caused by Diclofenac Intramuscular Injection: The Nicolau Syndrome
Authors: Anees Afzal , Hassan Yaqoob , Motiwala Zainab Yusufali , Khan Isna Rafat 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction Nicolau syndrome is an extremely rare complication following intramuscular administration of drugs leading to tissue damage and necrosis.
Case Report In this case, the patient received the injection from an untrained quack surgeon (Jarrah) due to an improper intramuscular injection technique. A 45-year-old female complained of pain and blackish discoloration of the skin over the left buttock after receiving an intramuscular diclofenac injection.4 The patient was managed by administering intravenous antibiotics and analgesics, followed by surgical debridement. Flap reconstruction was done after granulation tissue formation.
Conclusion Healthcare should be sought from appropriately trained and licensed professionals. Patients should be well educated on this. Pain, erythema, and discoloration should be recognized as red flags of the Nicolau syndrome so that it can be addressed promptly to avoid complications.
High Rate of Pulmonary Cement Embolism after Cement-Augmented Pedicle Screw Fixation: A 12-Year Single-Center Study
Authors: Lenga Pavlina , Bajwa Awais Akbar , Schneider Till , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane , Kiening Karl L. , Unterberg Andreas W. , Ishak Basem 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background The global trend toward increased life expectancy because of remarkable improvements in health care quality has drawn increased attention to osteoporotic fractures and degenerative spine diseases. Cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation has been established as the mainstay treatment for patients with poor bone quality. This study aimed to determine the number of patients with cement leakage and pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) as detected on thoracic computed tomography (CT), and to assess the potential risk factors for PCE.
Methods Patients undergoing cement-augmented pedicle screw placement in our institution between May 2008 and December 2020 were included. Data regarding baseline characteristics, complications, and cement leakage rates were collected. Indications for the performance of a postoperative thoracic CT due to the suspicion of PCE were intra- or postoperative complications, or postoperative oxygen supplementation. Moreover, PCE was accidently diagnosed because the thoracic CT was performed for medical reasons other than the suspicion of PCE (tumor staging, severe pneumonia, or exacerbated chronic pulmonary obstructive disease).
Results A total of 104 patients with a mean age of 72.8 years (standard deviation of 6.7) were included. Of 802 screws, 573 were cement augmented. Of the 104 patients, 44 (42.3%) underwent thoracic CT scans to diagnose PCE; additionally, 67 (64.4%) demonstrated cement leakage, of whom 27 developed PCE and 4 were symptomatic. Cement-augmented thoracic screws were a risk factor for PCE (odds ratio: 1.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–2.1; p = 0.004).
Conclusions This study showed a high prevalence of cement leakage after cement-augmented pedicle screw insertion, with a relatively frequent incidence of PCE, as tracked by thoracic CT scans. Cement-augmented thoracic screw placement was a unique risk factor for PCE.
Fibrosis as a Risk Factor for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Azevedo Brenda Lamônica Rodrigues , Roni Gabriel Marim , Torrelio Rosalie Matuk Fuentes , da Gama-de-Souza Letícia Nogueira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe subtype of epidermolysis bullosa caused by changes in collagen VII with a high risk of early development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). This review aimed to discuss the relationship between the recurrent healing process, the appearance of fibrosis, and malignant epithelial transformation in RDEB. We searched PubMed, the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library, and Embase for articles on the relationship between blistering, recurrent scarring, and fibrosis in the context of cSCC and RDEB. That alterations of collagen VII result in blister formation, scar deficiency associated with inflammation, and increased expression of transforming growth factor β. These events promote the differentiation of myofibroblasts and the expression of profibrotic proteins, leading to structural changes and the establishment of a microenvironment favorable to carcinogenesis. Patients with RDEB and areas of recurrent scarring and fibrosis may be more prone to the development of cSCC.
Detection performance of pixelated lutetium–yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillators for high-resolution photon-counting CT imaging
Authors: Mahani Hojjat , Taheri Ali , Askari Mojtaba 
Published: February 2023

High-resolution photon-counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) imaging is increasingly used for several applications. Recent technological advances in CT instrumentation have introduced various types of radiation detectors. Therefore, this work aims at evaluating the lutetium–yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillator for use in PCD CT from a detector point of view. To do so, a mini-CT prototype was designed and constructed based on the pixelated LYSO blocks. The detector comprises four 10 × 10 linearly arranged LYSO blocks coupled with four position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. The prototype utilizes a point gamma-ray source along with a cone-beam collimator. An in-home MATLAB-based data processing software package was also developed for storing the list-mode data, event positioning, and energy windowing. A set of experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the constructed energy-resolved LYSO:Ce detector for mini-CT imaging. The results show good crystal identification for all blocks with a maximum peak-to-valley ratio of 3.48. In addition, the findings confirm that the developed detector is position-sensitive. The 20% energy window provides an optimal performance by simultaneously providing good crystal identification and a scatter removal factor of 0.71. A 96% uniformity was also observed when the detector was irradiated with a uniform flood. The spatial resolution of the mini-CT prototype in the x- and y-directions was calculated to be 0.9 and 0.93 mm, respectively, corrected for a magnification factor of 2.5. It is concluded that the pixelated LYSO crystal is a promising alternative to the current detectors and would be the scintillator of choice for high-resolution PCD CT imaging tasks.
Creating large Fock states and massively squeezed states in optics using systems with nonlinear bound states in the continuum
Authors: Rivera Nicholas , Sloan Jamison , Salamin Yannick , Joannopoulos John D. , Soljačić Marin 
Published: February 2023

The quantization of the electromagnetic field leads directly to the existence of quantum mechanical states, called Fock states, with an exact integer number of photons. Despite these fundamental states being long-understood, and despite their many potential applications, generating them is largely an open problem. For example, at optical frequencies, it is challenging to deterministically generate Fock states of order two and beyond. Here, we predict the existence of an effect in nonlinear optics, which enables the deterministic generation of large Fock states at arbitrary frequencies. The effect, which we call an
n
-photon bound state in the continuum, is one in which a photonic resonance (such as a cavity mode) becomes lossless when a precise number of photons
n
is inside the resonance. Based on analytical theory and numerical simulations, we show that these bound states enable a remarkable phenomenon in which a coherent state of light, when injected into a system supporting this bound state, can spontaneously evolve into a Fock state of a controllable photon number. This effect is also directly applicable for creating (highly) squeezed states of light, whose photon number fluctuations are (far) below the value expected from classical physics (i.e., shot noise). We suggest several examples of systems to experimentally realize the effects predicted here in nonlinear nanophotonic systems, showing examples of generating both optical Fock states with large
n
(
n
>  10), as well as more macroscopic photonic states with very large squeezing, with over 90% less noise (10 dB) than the classical value associated with shot noise.
If I testify about others, my testimony is valid
Authors: Zhao Xin , Mao Yansheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile trustworthiness has been found to exert a vital influence on the success of an online medical crowdfunding (Ba et al. 2021), scarce studies have investigated the concepts and culture of trust in Eastern scenarios like China (Wang 2020). This is the first study aiming to discursively analyze how other-justified discourses, i.e., enhancing objectivity and trustworthiness through other people’s comments, contribute to obtaining potential donors’ trust in Chinese online medical crowdfunding encounters. Through the discourse analysis of 496 other-justified comments on fifty pieces of fully-funded online medical crowdfunding projects, it is found that four different types of people (a family member, a person in the same business or occupation, a classmate, a friend) offer evidence through other-justified discourses oriented towards ethos, experience, and emotion. TheWu-Lun(five ethic orders) in the acquaintance society is the underlying theoretical rationale that supports the credibility of other-justified discourse, which provides a novel research perspective for the dissemination and transitivity of trust in online medical crowdfunding. The findings serve to offer commenters an array of other-justified orientations and identity choices to engage more prospective backers in a medical donative event. The results highlight that crowdfunders not only need to display a compelling narrative strength but also raise awareness to enhance the trustworthiness of their projects, especially focusing on shreds of evidence provided by a third-person comment.
The interface of in-situ grown single-layer epitaxial MoS2 on SrTiO3(001) and (111)
Authors: Haastrup Mark J , Bianchi Marco , Lammich Lutz , Lauritsen Jeppe V 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
SrTiO3 (STO) is a versatile substrate with a high dielectric constant, which may be used in heterostructures with 2D materials, such as MoS2, to induce interesting changes to the electronic structure. STO single crystal substrates have previously been shown to support the growth of well-defined epitaxial single-layer (SL) MoS2 crystals. The STO substrate is already known to renormalize the electronic bandgap of SL MoS2, but the electronic nature of the interface and its dependence on epitaxy are still unclear. Herein, we have investigated an in-situ physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, which could eliminate the need for ambient transfer between substrate preparation, subsequent MoS2 growth and surface characterization. Based on this, we then investigate the structure and epitaxial alignment of pristine SL MoS2 in various surface coverages grown on two STO substrates with a different initial surface lattice, the STO(001)(4 × 2) and STO(111)-(9/5 × 9/5) reconstructed surfaces, respectively. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that epitaxial alignment of the SL MoS2 is present for both systems, reflected by orientation of MoS2 edges and a distinct moiré pattern visible on the MoS2(0001) basal place. Upon increasing the SL MoS2 coverage, the presence of four distinct rotational domains on the STO(001) substrate, whilst only two on STO(111), is seen to control the possibilities for the formation of coherent MoS2 domains with the same orientation. The presented methodology relies on standard PVD in ultra-high vacuum and it may be extended to other systems to help explore pristine two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide/STO systems in general.
Operando study of mechanical integrity of high-volume expansion Li-ion battery anode materials coated by Al2O3
Authors: Zhou Xinwei , Stan Liliana , Hou Dewen , Jin Yang , Xiong Hui , Zhu Likun , Liu Yuzi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Group IV elements and their oxides, such as Si, Ge, Sn and SiO have much higher theoretical capacity than commercial graphite anode. However, these materials undergo large volume change during cycling, resulting in severe structural degradation and capacity fading. Al2O3 coating is considered an approach to improve the mechanical stability of high-capacity anode materials. To understand the effect of Al2O3 coating directly, we monitored the morphology change of coated/uncoated Sn particles during cycling using operando focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the Al2O3 coating provides local protection and reduces crack formation at the early stage of volume expansion. The 3 nm Al2O3 coating layer provides better protection than the 10 and 30 nm coating layer. Nevertheless, the Al2O3 coating is unable to prevent the pulverization at the later stage of cycling because of large volume expansion.
High-quality vertically aligned InAs nanowires grown by molecular-beam epitaxy using Ag–In alloy segregation
Authors: Liu Lei , Pan Dong , Wen Lianjun , Zhuo Ran , Zhao Jianhua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
InAs nanowires show important potential applications in novel nanoelectronic devices, infrared optoelectronic devices and quantum devices, and all these applications require controllable growth of the InAs nanowires. However, the growth direction of metal-assisted InAs nanowires on Si substrates is often random. Here, we develop a new approach to grow vertically aligned InAs nanowires on Si (111) substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy using Ag as catalysts. The vertically aligned one-dimensional InAs nanowires are grown on the parasitic two-dimensional InAs film on the Si substrates by using the Ag nanoparticles segregated from Ag–In alloy catalysts. The diameters of the vertically aligned InAs nanowires obtained by this method are mainly distributed between 20 and 50 nm. Detailed transmission electron microscope data show that the nanowires with thinner diameters tend to have less stacking faults and twin defects and high crystal quality pure wurtzite nanowires can be obtained. Using these vertically aligned InAs nanowires as the channel material of field effect transistors, we have obtained a field-effect mobility of ∼2800 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an I
on/I
off ratio of ∼104 at room temperature. Our work provides a new method for the controlled growth of high-quality vertically aligned InAs nanowires on Si substrates.
On the design and development of foamed GO-hydrogel nanocomposite surfaces by ultra-short laser processing
Authors: Mulko Lucinda E , Cuello Emma A , Baumann Robert , Ramuglia Anthony R , Weidinger Inez M , Acevedo Diego F , Barbero Cesar A , Molina Maria , Lasagni Andrés Fabián 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide have outstanding qualities that could be exploited as reinforcement and antibacterial agents in a plethora of biomedical applications. In this contribution, it is reported the deployment of a polyacrylamide GO-hydrogel composite (GO@pAAm) which was photo-converted and structured by ultra-short laser irradiation using a direct laser writing (DLW) approach. The materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. The laser structure generates a multi-photo-induced effect: surface foaming and patterning, microdomains with enhanced selective water-swelling and effective GO photo-reduction. A first laser scan seems likely to induce the photo-reduction of GO and subsequent laser pulses trigger the structure/foaming. The photo-reduction of GO is evidenced by Raman spectroscopy by the relatively changing intensities of the D to G signals. Macroscopically by an increase in conductivity (decrease in sheet resistance from R
S-GO@pAAm = 304 ± 20 kΩ sq−1 to R
S-rGO@pAAm-DLW = 27 ± 8 kΩ sq−1) suggesting a reduction of the material measured by 4-Point-Probe.
Continuous blood pressure monitoring by photoplethysmography - signal preprocessing requirements based on blood flow modelling
Authors: Poliński Artur 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the signal sampling frequency and low-pass filtering on the accuracy of the localisation of the fiducial points of the photoplethysmographic signal (PPG), and thus on the estimation of the blood pressure (i.e. the accuracy of the estimation). Approach. Statistical analysis was performed on 3,799 data samples taken from a publicly available database. Four PPG fiducial points of each sample signal were examined in the study. Main results. Simulation suggests that for noise-free data, cubic spline interpolation causes the sampling frequency (in the considered range of 62.5–500 Hz) to have only limited influence on localisation of the fiducial point. Better results were obtained for the pulse transit time (PTT) than pulse arrival time (PAT) approach. The acceptable filter band depends on the selected fiducial point and PAT or PTT approach. The best results were obtained for the tangent fiducial point. Significance. The presented results make it possible to estimate the minimum requirements for the sampling frequency and filtering of the PPG signal in order to obtain a reliable estimation of blood pressure.
CMOS-compatible manufacturability of sub-15 nm Si/SiO2/Si nanopillars containing single Si nanodots for single electron transistor applications
Authors: von Borany J , Engelmann H-J , Heinig K-H , Amat E , Hlawacek G , Klüpfel F , Hübner R , Möller W , Pourteau M-L , Rademaker G , Rommel M , Baier L , Pichler P , Perez-Murano F , Tiron R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study addresses the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible fabrication of vertically stacked Si/SiO2/Si nanopillars (NPs) with embedded Si nanodots (NDs) as key functional elements of a quantum-dot-based, gate-all-around single-electron transistor (SET) operating at room temperature. The main geometrical parameters of the NPs and NDs were deduced from SET device simulations using the nextnano++ program package. The basic concept for single silicon ND formation within a confined oxide volume was deduced from Monte-Carlo simulations of ion-beam mixing and SiO
x
phase separation. A process flow was developed and experimentally implemented by combining bottom-up (Si ND self-assembly) and top-down (ion-beam mixing, electron-beam lithography, reactive ion etching) technologies, fully satisfying process requirements of future 3D device architectures. The theoretically predicted self-assembly of a single Si ND via phase separation within a confined SiO
x
disc of <500 nm3 volume was experimentally validated. This work describes in detail the optimization of conditions required for NP/ND formation, such as the oxide thickness, energy and fluence of ion-beam mixing, thermal budget for phase separation and parameters of reactive ion beam etching. Low-temperature plasma oxidation was used to further reduce NP diameter and for gate oxide fabrication whilst preserving the pre-existing NDs. The influence of critical dimension variability on the SET functionality and options to reduce such deviations are discussed. We finally demonstrate the reliable formation of Si quantum dots with diameters of less than 3 nm in the oxide layer of a stacked Si/SiO2/Si NP of 10 nm diameter, with tunnelling distances of about 1 nm between the Si ND and the neighboured Si regions forming drain and source of the SET.
Thermal thin shell approximation towards finite element quench simulation
Authors: Schnaubelt Erik , Wozniak Mariusz , Schöps Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Superconducting electromagnets commonly exhibit thin layers with high aspect ratio such as insulation layers or turn-to-turn contacts. A finite element (FE) analysis of these devices can lead to unfavorable meshes in these thin layers, either because of a high number of degrees of freedom or mesh elements of poor quality which decrease the accuracy of the simulation results. To mitigate these issues when conducting a thermal FE analysis solving the heat equation, this work proposes to collapse thin volume layers into surfaces by using a thermal thin shell approximation (TSA). The proposed method uses one-dimensional Lagrange elements across the thickness of the thin layer and can handle a variety of interface conditions, multi-layered structures, heat sources, nonlinear material behavior or coupling to physics other than heat transfer. The efficiency of the proposed approximation is highlighted by comparison with a reference model with a conventionally meshed insulation for a model problem exhibiting a brick wall structure where a stationary heat equation is solved. The formulation is then verified against reference models with meshed insulation solving a transient heat equation for an insulated high-temperature superconductor pancake coil exhibiting a local defect which causes a thermal runaway. The benefit of using the model with the TSA is studied by analyzing pancake coils with different ratios of the insulation layer to the coated conductor thickness. It is shown that the smaller the ratio, the shorter the solution time and the lower the number of unknowns of the thin shell model when compared to the conventionally meshed insulation in order to reach the same numerical accuracy. The method is implemented in an open-source FE framework and a reference implementation for a simple model problem is shared alongside this paper.