bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal spatial view cells, place cells, and concept cells: View representations
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA commentary is provided on issues raised in the Special Issue of Hippocampus (2023) on hippocampal system view representations. First, the evidence for hippocampal and parahippocampal spatial view cells in primates including humans shows that the allocentric representations provided by at least some of these cells are very useful for human memory in that where objects and rewards are seen in the world “out there” is a key component of episodic memory and navigation. Spatial view cell representations provide for memory and navigation to be independent of the place where the individual is currently located and of the egocentric coordinates of the viewed location and the facing direction of the individual. Second, memory and navigation in humans are normally related to the visual cues encoded by spatial view cells that define a location “out there” such as a building, hill, and so forth, not to an unmarked place without local cues and identified only by distant environmental/room cues. Third, “mixed” representations, for example of particular combinations of spatial view and place, can arise if the training has been for only some combinations of place and view, for that is what can then be learned by the hippocampus. Fourth, rodents, with their much less good visual acuity (~1 cycle/° in rats, compared with ~60 cycles/° for the human fovea), and rodents' very wide viewing angle for the world (~270°) might be expected, when using the same computational mechanisms as in primates, to use widely spaced environmental cues to define a place where the rodent is located, supported by inputs about place using local olfactory and tactile cues. Fifth, it is shown how view‐point dependent allocentric representations could form a view‐point independent allocentric representation for memory and navigation. Sixth, concept cells in humans and primates with connectivity to the hippocampus are compared.
Machine learning approach to predict the thermal performance of closed‐loop thermosyphon
Authors: Birajdar Mahasidha R. , Sewatkar C. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the machine learning (ML) algorithm to predict the thermal performance of closed‐loop thermosyphon (CLT). The experimentation is carried out on the acetone‐charged CLT at different test conditions such as heat inputs, filling ratios, and adiabatic lengths. The test data is used to calculate the performance parameters such as thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, and effectiveness of the system. Based on the experimental dataset, the ML algorithms are developed to predict the performance parameters of the CLT system. The ML algorithms such as linear regression, decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and lasso regression are used for the development of the prediction model. The hyperparameters are well‐tuned and optimized. The prediction measuring parameters (mean absolute error, R2) are analyzed carefully. It is noticed that the DT model outperformed the prediction of the other used models. The R2 score of the DT model was 98.504; whereas, the R2 scores of the RF model and linear regression model were about 94.76 and 92.17, respectively. This study will become a roadmap to the ML approach in the thermosyphon system.
Protective effect of maternal immunization on birth outcomes: A data linkage study
Authors: Gunatilaka Ahinsa , Rolnik Daniel L. , Giles Michelle L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the impact of maternal immunization on adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth (PTB) and stillbirth.MethodsThe authors performed a data linkage study for women who delivered a singleton baby between January 2017 and May 2021. They used Poisson models to estimate incidence rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), accounting for the time‐dependent nature of the exposure and adjusting for confounders.ResultsThis study included 10 938 women who received at least one vaccine, and 4029 unvaccinated women. Influenza vaccine was associated with a significant reduction in stillbirth (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.55 [95% CI, 0.33–0.94]), but not in PTB (aHR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77–1.10]). Pertussis vaccine was associated with a significant reduction in PTB (aHR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.64–0.94]) and a similar point estimate for reduction in stillbirth (aHR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.31–1.10]), although not significant.ConclusionReductions in PTB and stillbirth associated with maternal immunization suggest possible protective effects beyond pathogen‐specific protection. These findings may strengthen justification for scaling up maternal immunization in low‐income settings where there remains a high burden of these adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Impact of HPV molecular testing with partial genotyping as a feasibility study in cervical cancer community screening program in South India
Authors: Ramshankar Vijayalakshmi , Ravindran Soundharya , Arun Komathi , Albert Kanchana , Sri Sakthi Lalitha , Ramasubramanian Lalitha , Satyaseelan Banumathy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCervical cancer can be eradicated by 2030 by the implementation of a global strategy involving the vaccination of young girls against human papillomavirus (HPV), screening 70% of women in 30–69 years of age and treating 90% of the women with precancerous lesions. For a country with a large population like India, all the three strategies can be a challenge. There is a need for implementation of a high throughput technology that can be scalable. Cobas 4800, a multiplexed assay based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology, identifies HPV 16 and HPV 18 along with the concurrent detection of 12 pooled other high‐risk HPV infections. This technology was used to test 10 375 women from the South Indian community for the first time as a feasibility program. Upon testing, high‐risk HPV was found in 595 (5.73%) women. A total of 127 women (1.2%) were found to be infected with HPV 16, 36 women (0.34%) with HPV 18 and 382 women (3.68%) with the 12 pooled high‐risk HPV and multiple mixed infections were found in 50 women (0.48%). It was observed that there was a high prevalence of high‐risk HPV in younger women, 30–40 years of age and a second peak was observed at 46–50 years of age. The second peak had higher mixed infections in the 46–50 years of age and this association was statistically significant. We found that 24/50 (48%) of the multiple mixed high‐risk HPV infections were in the age group 46–50 years. The current study is the first attempt from India, on a completely automated platform using Cobas 4800 HPV test in a community screening program. This study shows HPV 16 and HPV 18 infections, when differentiated, can be valuable for risk stratification in community screening program. Women in the perimenopausal age (46‐50yrs) showed a higher prevalence of multiple mixed infections, signifying a higher risk.
Essential domains, core outcome sets, and measurements to capture benefits and harms of implant dentistry interventions: The ID‐COSM initiative*
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa , Papapanou Panos N. , Sanz Mariano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConsensus on a valid and comprehensive set of outcomes to capture the full benefits and harms of implant dentistry interventions is key for progress towards better clinical guidelines and policy. In this field, outcome research remains fragmented and uses too many different outcomes. Accordingly, such efforts are still unable to cover the full breadth necessary to properly evaluate benefits, harms, and costs. Best practice examples from medicine have inspired the Implant Dentistry Core Outcome Set and Measurements (ID‐COSM) initiative that identified four core outcome domain areas (pathophysiology, implant/prosthesis lifespan, life impact, and access to care) and five essential outcomes mandatory for all trials, plus six others that are mandatory in specific circumstances. The innovative multistep approach has combined input from scientific evidence, patients from multiple countries, methodologists, and industry representatives. It is an important step. The ID‐COSM consensus aspires to contribute to better adoption of relevant and valid outcomes in trials and enable combining their results in high‐quality meta‐analyses to support better informed care and policy.
Perspectives of the Fritz‐Scheffer Awardee 2021: Profile‐ to ecosystem‐scale perspectives on soil organic matter formation as demonstrated by woody debris in forest dynamics
Authors: Stutz Kenton P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) forms along a continuum from individual particles, pores, and aggregates to litter–soil profiles and larger ecosystems such as forests. However, forest management of SOM stocks and the carbon therein requires knowledge on which processes and factors at which scales determine SOM formation from forest biomass. As evident from woody debris at the profile scale, SOM forms through additions, transformations, translocations, and removals of litter by soil organisms and environmental components. Yet SOM stocks only increase if litter additions‐to‐removals are out of steady state or enter a new steady state that ignores older litter. Both happen through disturbance and self‐selecting feedback processes in ecosystems consisting of autotrophs, heterotrophs, and their physical environment. One such positive feedback process is litter‐SOM transformation by heterotrophs that releases nutrients that promote plant productivity and thus litter input. Stocks of litter‐SOM, heterotrophs, nutrients, and plants thus exhibit Lotka–Volterra dynamics (i.e., predator–prey interactions) and only increase when attractor states (i.e., steady series or sets of states) change due to disturbance. Evidence of evolving feedback processes and disturbance in SOM would help identify limits, potentials, and precariousness of ecosystems in light of global change, but remains to be found.
A prospective study evaluating perioperative quality metrics of cancer surgery: Experience from a tertiary care cancer centre in India
Authors: Gupta Prashant , Deo Suryanarayana , Ray Mukur Dipi , Kumar Sunil , Khan Mahroof Ahmed , Bhatnagar Sushma , Mishra Seema 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWell‐defined quality metrics were studied at this high‐volume tertiary care academic oncology centre to evaluate surgical quality and outcomes.MethodsA prospective cohort of 691 patients undergoing major surgeries for all cancers was observed between 1 September 2018 and 30 August 2019 and predefined quality indicators in three categories: namely, optimal hospital resource utilisation, quality of surgery and perioperative outcomes were recorded during their admission period. Surgical procedures were divided into group I versus group II involving simple/moderate complexity versus high complexity procedures for analysis done using appropriate tests in STATA v14.0.FindingsThere were 373 versus 318 patients in group I versus group II with a mean of 48 years of age and 459 (66.43%) being females. Mean BMI was 24.58 kg/m2, haemoglobin 12.12 g/dL and mean serum albumin of 4.25 g (SD ± 0.6). A total of 667(96.53%) patients had an Eastern Co‐Operative Oncology Group performance score of 1 with 271 (39.22%) having comorbidities and 195 (28.22%) having tobacco/alcohol addictions. A total of 393 (56.87%) patients underwent prehabilitation. 83% of patients belonged to lower‐middle socioeconomic status and 32% of patients had some prior surgical intervention. Neoadjuvant therapy was administered in 44.5% versus 37.42%, mean preoperative hospital stay was 3.65 versus 6.16 days whereas postoperative was 2.6 versus 6.09 days with total stay being 6.27 versus 12.21 days, mean surgical duration was 132 versus 268 min with mean blood loss of 100 versus 245 mL (group I vs. group II, respectively). Intraoperative events, namely, unexpected bleeding and hypotension occurred in 144 (20.84%) patients while packed red blood cells and/or fresh frozen plasma transfusion was required in 56 (8.1%) patients. 40% of patients needed intensive care unit care postoperatively with 45 (6.51%) patients having some event (hypotension, sepsis, acute kidney injury, etc.). A total of 29 (<4%) patients had ≥grade 3 surgical complications while ≥grade 2 medical complications occurred in 6.43% versus 12.58% of patients (group I vs. group II). A total of 90 (13.02%) patients were readmitted, 15 (2.17%) re‐explored and 5 (0.72%) patients died.ConclusionOptimal surgical outcomes in this study compared to international standards underpin the need for well‐defined multidisciplinary perioperative pathways to be followed for each organ system and this framework can be adopted by other cancer centres in LMIC to achieve good surgical outcomes.
Electro‐Optic Frequency Combs: Theory, Characteristics, and Applications
Authors: Zhuang Rongjin , Ni Kai , Wu Guanhao , Hao Ting , Lu Longzhao , Li Yang , Zhou Qian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptical frequency combs (OFCs) are a unique kind of light source, which are represented as a series of equally spaced coherent spectral lines in the frequency domain. OFCs can mainly be divided into mode‐locked lasers, Kerr frequency combs, and electro‐optic frequency combs (E‐O combs), which have broad applications in optical communications, frequency metrology, atomic clocks, distance ranging, spectroscopy, and arbitrary waveform generation. Among them, E‐O combs feature some unique advantages, such as fast tunable repetition rate, high sidebands power, and reconfigurability of the comb spectrum. Especially in recent years, with the development of micro–nano processing technology, on‐chip E‐O combs have become a dynamic research topic with many fundamental scientific problems as well as engineering applications for further exploration. To summarize the past development and envision the prosperous future of E‐O combs, the area of E‐O combs is reviewed from the following aspects: development of E‐O combs; theory including the generation process of E‐O combs and the electro‐optic modulation models; important techniques including flattening, broadening, noise, and stability controlling; applications including communications, ranging, spectroscopy, wavelength calibration of astronomical spectrographs, and microwave generation; and pros and cons when compared with other OFCs.
Targeting SMYD2 inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by regulating c‐Myc signaling
Authors: Li Junhong , Wan Fangning , Zhang Junyu , Zheng Shengfeng , Yang Yunjie , Hong Zhe , Dai Bo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSMYD2 is a lysine histone methyl transferase involved in various cancers epigenetically via methylating histone H3K4, and H3K36. c‐Myc is one of the major drivers of prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression. The roles of SMYD2 in PCa and the regulators of c‐Myc activity in PCa are still under‐researched. SMYD2 expression and survival outcomes in PCa cohorts were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. SMYD2 protein levels were detected in PCa tissues by immunohistochemistry. SMYD2 knockdown cells were established to identify the effects of SMYD2 on cell growth in vitro and in vivo. GSEA and RNA sequencing were adopted to reconnoiter the signaling regulated by SMYD2 in PCa. The relationship between SMYD2 and c‐Myc was examined by western blot analysis, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. SMYD2 specific inhibitor‐AZ505 was used to pharmacologically inhibit SMYD2 function in vitro and in vivo. SMYD2 expression increased in PCa tissues compared with benign prostate tissues and higher SMYD2 expression was associated with a higher risk of biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy. SMYD2 knockdown inhibited the growth of PCa cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, high SMYD2 levels conduced to activated c‐Myc signaling in PCa cells. Importantly, the pharmacological intervention of SMYD2 by AZ505 significantly repressed PCa cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that SMYD2 inhibition restrains PCa cell proliferation by regulating c‐Myc signaling and provide evidence for the potential practice of SMYD2 targeting in the treatment of PCa.
Predictive significance of PRR11 in prognosis and immune infiltration of glioma patients
Authors: Han Wei , Chen Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlioma, characterized by invasive growth and high recurrence, is the main cause of brain‐tumor‐related deaths. Currently, proline rich 11 (PRR11) has served as a reliable predictor in diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapeutic response of several human cancers. However, the predictive significance of PRR11 in prognosis and immune infiltration of glioma patients is still uncertain. Therefore, glioma‐related information from multiple data sets and single‐cell sequencing (scRNA‐seq), including CGGA, TCGA_GTEx, GEO, 10x Genomics, and Smart‐seq, was included in this study. Then, clinical correlation analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, Kaplan−Meier survival analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were utilized to explore diagnostic and prognostic value of PRR11 in glioma. Besides, functional mechanisms of PRR11 in glioma were also carried out via Spearman's correlation, immune infiltration, scRNA‐seq, gene ontology enrichment, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis. Finally, we selected two glioma cell lines, U251 and LN229, for validation of oncogenic role of PRR11 in glioma. As a result, PRR11 is a promising and reliable predictor in diagnosis and prognosis of glioma patients, positively correlates with clinical malignancy, World Health Organization grades, IDH mutation status, 1p19q codeletion status, histology, and poor survival time. Mechanically, PRR11 is specifically overexpressed in Mano/Macro_C21 and CD8Tex cells and interferes with cell‐cycle, transcription factors, immune infiltration, MYC targets, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Further exploration of biological mechanisms of PRR11 in glioma patients reveals that PRR11 might exert its oncogenic effects via involvement with chromosome segregation, coenzyme binding, cell cycle, and pyruvate metabolism. Moreover, PRR11 knockdown suppressed cell viability, migration, cell‐cycle progression, and induced apoptosis and autophagy in glioma cells. In summary, our results suggest that PRR11 might be a novel and reliable diagnostic and prognostic predictor in glioma patients, providing a promising clinical therapeutic target for glioma.
Behavioral and functional assessment of mice inner ear after chronic exposure to an ultrahigh B0 field of 11.7 T or 17.2 T
Authors: Le Ster Caroline , Selingue Erwan , Poirier Rosline , Edeline Jean‐Marc , Mériaux Sébastien , Boulant Nicolas 
Published: April 2023

PurposeAssess short‐term and long‐term effects of chronic exposure to an ultrahigh static magnetic (B0) field on mice inner ear in the context of MR safety of human scanning at 11.7 T.MethodsMice were chronically exposed to a B0 field of 11.7 T or 17.2 T during ten 2‐h exposure sessions evenly distributed over a period of 5 weeks, resulting in a total of 20 h of exposure per mouse. During exposure sessions, mice were anesthetized and positioned either parallel or antiparallel to B0. Before, during, and 2 weeks after the magnetic‐field exposure period, mice performed behavioral tests (balance beam, rotarod, and swim tests) to evaluate their short‐term and long‐term motor coordination and balance. An auditory brainstem response (ABR) test was finally performed to assess the functional integrity of mice cochlea, 2 weeks after the last exposure.ResultsAfter awaking from anesthesia following B0 exposures at 11.7 Tor 17.2 T, mice displayed a transient (<5 min) rotating behavior. The behavioral tests did not show any difference between the exposed and the control mice at any time point. Determination of ABR thresholds did not reveal an impairment of cochlea hair cells resulting from chronic B0 exposure.ConclusionDespite the transient disturbance of mice vestibular system observed immediately after B0 exposure, no short‐term nor long‐term alteration was detected with behavioral and ABR tests.
Identifying patterns of neurocognitive dysfunction through direct comparison of children with leukemia, central nervous system tumors, and sickle cell disease
Authors: Fraley Claire E. , Neiman Jamie S. , Feddersen Charlotte R. , James Claire , Jones Taylor G. , Mikkelsen Margit , Nuss Rachelle , Schlenz Alyssa M. , Winters Amanda C. , Green Adam L. , Compas Bruce E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo quantify and compare the magnitude and type of neurocognitive dysfunction in at‐risk children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and sickle cell disease (SCD) using a common instrument and metric to directly compare these groups with each other.MethodsFifty‐three participants between the ages of 7 and 12 years (n = 27 ALL, n = 11 CNS tumor, n = 15 SCD) were enrolled and assessed using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTCB). Participants with ALL or CNS tumor were 0–18 months posttherapy, while participants with SCD possessed the SS or Sβ0 genotype, took hydroxyurea, and had no known history of stroke.ResultsIndependent sample t‐tests showed that participants with ALL and CNS tumor experienced greatest deficits in processing speed (ALL d = −0.96; CNS tumor d = −1.2) and inhibitory control and attention (ALL d = −0.53; CNS tumor d = −0.97) when compared with NIHTCB normative data. Participants with SCD experienced deficits in cognitive flexibility only (d = −0.53). Episodic memory was relatively spared in all groups (d = −0.03 to −0.32). There were no significant differences in function when groups were compared directly with each other by analysis of variance.ConclusionsUse of a common metric to quantify the magnitude and type of neurocognitive dysfunction across at‐risk groups of participants by disease shows that participants perform below age‐expected norms in multiple domains and experience dysfunction differently than one another. This approach highlights patterns of dysfunction that can inform disease‐ and domain‐specific interventions.
Revaccination of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following completion of chemotherapy
Authors: Anafy Adi , Gilad Gil , Michaan Nadav , Elhasid Ronit , Rosenfeld‐Kaidar Hila , Arad‐Cohen Nira , Cohen Moran Szwarcwort , Shachor‐Meyouhas Yael , Grisaru‐Soen Galia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntensive chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may affect the immune system and potentially the immune memory causing antibodies provided by vaccination to disappear. There are disagreements regarding the guidelines for posttreatment immunization strategy.MethodsNinety‐six children (aged 1–18 years at diagnosis) who completed chemotherapy for ALL were recruited. Antibody levels in the patient's serum against measles, varicella, polio, pertussis, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B were tested after completion of chemotherapy in patients who were fully vaccinated against these agents. Children who did not have positive serology to specific agents were revaccinated with a single dose accordingly. Antibody concentrations were measured again at least 4 weeks after revaccination.ResultsPositive antibody levels varied between the different agents. The highest percentage of positive serology was against polio (87%) and the lowest against pertussis (4%) (p < .001). There were significant differences between patients with high risk (HR) and non‐HR ALL regarding serology status for some vaccines. After revaccination, the levels of response to each booster dose were significantly different: 100% after booster dose for varicella and polio, and only 34% after pertussis booster.ConclusionsLoss of humoral protection for vaccine preventable diseases is a common finding among patients with ALL. Revaccination with one dose of vaccine after completion of chemotherapy achieved seroconversion in 34–100% of the patients depending on the type of vaccine. We recommend this revaccination schedule to all children who completed ALL therapy and were previously fully vaccinated.