bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Venice’s hotels competition networks from dynamic pricing digital market
Authors: Armillotta Mirko , Fokianos Konstantinos , Guizzardi Andrea 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the dynamic price competition of hotels in Venice using publicly available data scraped from an online travel agency. This study poses two main challenges. First, the time series of prices recorded for each hotel encompasses a twofold time frame. For every single asking price for an overnight stay on a specific day, there is a corresponding time series of asking prices along the booking window on the online platforms. Second, the competition relations between different hoteliers is clearly unknown and needs to be discovered using a suitable methodology. We address these problems by proposing a novel Network Autoregressive model which is able to handle the peculiar threefold data structure of the data set with time-varying coefficients over the booking window. This approach allows us to uncover the competition network of the market players by employing a quick data-driven algorithm. Independent, mixed, and leader–follower relationships are detected, revealing the competitive dynamics of the destination, useful to managers and stakeholders.
The Experiences of LGBTQ Healthcare Professionals within Military Medical Culture
Authors: Aldahondo Ricardo , Cole Rebekah 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Creating a positive workplace culture affects patient outcomes and force readiness. An inclusive workplace culture is especially important for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) military healthcare professionals, who have historically faced discrimination within the United States military. While research has examined LGBTQ service members’ experiences in the military as a whole, there is a gap in the professional literature regarding LGBTQ healthcare workers’ experiences within military medicine.

Methods
This qualitative phenomenological study explored the experiences of ten LGBTQ military healthcare professionals. We interviewed each participant for one hour. Our research team then coded each interview and came to a consensus on how to organize these codes into emerging themes. We used reflexivity and member checking to increase the credibility of our results.

Results
Four themes emerged from our data analysis: (1) implicit bias; (2) explicit bias; (3) response to discrimination; and (4) recommendations for improving workplace culture. The participants described both the underlying and outright discrimination they faced at work. They made recommendations for reducing this discrimination through education, training, and increased leadership representation.

Conclusions
Our results revealed that LGBTQ healthcare professionals continue to face discrimination in the workplace. This discrimination must be addressed to create an inclusive workplace environment within military medicine, which will enhance force readiness.
Depthwise convolutional neural network for multiband automatic quasars classification in ATLAS
Authors: San-Martín-Jiménez Astrid E , Pichara Karim , Barrientos Luis Felipe , Rojas Felipe , Moya-Sierralta Cristobal 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the astronomical scientific community has made significant efforts to automate quasars’ detection. Automatic classification of these objects is challenging since they are very distant and appear as point sources, outnumbered by other sources. Thus, performing automatic morphological classification is not straightforward; colour dimension seems better as a key concept. Previous work using machine learning tools has proposed classifiers that use features such as magnitude and colour, working only for quasar representation, which requires high-quality observational data that is not always available. Those features are computationally costly in extensive image surveys like VST ATLAS (Shanks et al. 2015). With the continuous developments in deep-learning architectures, we find a powerful tool to perform automatic classification from images, where capturing information from different bands takes relevance in this kind of approach. In this work, we developed a new quasar selection method that we hope to apply to the complete ATLAS survey in subsequent papers, where the completeness and efficiency of depthwise architecture will be compared to more standard methods such as selection on the colour–colour diagrams and machine-learning feature-based methods. This automatic quasar classification tool uses images in u, g, i, z bands available in ATLAS, heading towards new survey requirements facing the big data era. We propose a deep-learning architecture based on depthwise convolutional units that work directly with ATLAS images, reduced by the VST pipeline. Our model reaches an accuracy of 96.53 per cent with a quasar classification f1-score of 96.49 per cent, a very competitive benchmark compared to previous unscalable approaches.
Is there an excess of black holes around 20 M⊙? Optimizing the complexity of population models with the use of reversible jump MCMC.
Authors: Toubiana A , Katz Michael L , Gair Jonathan R 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Some analyses of the third gravitational wave catalogue released by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration (LVK) suggest an excess of black holes around $15\!-\!20 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. In order to investigate this feature, we introduce two flexible population models, a semiparametric one and a non-parametric one. Both make use of reversible jump Markov chain Monte-Carlo to optimise their complexity. We also illustrate how the latter can be used to efficiently perform model selection. Our parametric model broadly agrees with the fiducial analysis of the LVK, but finds a peak of events at slightly larger masses. Our non-parametric model shows this same displacement. Moreover, it also suggests the existence of an excess of black holes around $20 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. We assess the robustness of this prediction by performing mock injections and running simplified hierarchical analyses on those (i.e. without selection effects and observational uncertainties). We estimate that such a feature might be due to statistical fluctuations, given the small number of events observed so far, with a 5 per cent probability. We estimate that with a few hundreds of observations, as expected for O4, our non-parametric model will be able to robustly determine the presence of this excess. It will then allow for an efficient agnostic inference of the properties of black holes.
Pushing the limits of detectability: mixed dark matter from strong gravitational lenses
Authors: Keeley Ryan E , Nierenberg Anna M , Gilman Daniel , Birrer Simon , Benson Andrew , Treu Tommaso 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
One of the frontiers for advancing what is known about dark matter lies in using strong gravitational lenses to characterize the population of the smallest dark matter haloes. There is a large volume of information in strong gravitational lens images – the question we seek to answer is to what extent we can refine this information. To this end, we forecast the detectability of a mixed warm and cold dark matter scenario using the anomalous flux ratio method from strong gravitational lensed images. The halo mass function of the mixed dark matter scenario is suppressed relative to cold dark matter but still predicts numerous low-mass dark matter haloes relative to warm dark matter. Since the strong lensing signal receives a contribution from a range of dark matter halo masses and since the signal is sensitive to the specific configuration of dark matter haloes, not just the halo mass function, degeneracies between different forms of suppression in the halo mass function, relative to cold dark matter, can arise. We find that, with a set of lenses with different configurations of the main deflector and hence different sensitivities to different mass ranges of the halo mass function, the different forms of suppression of the halo mass function between the warm dark matter model and the mixed dark matter model can be distinguished with 40 lenses with Bayesian odds of 30:1.
Shallow-water modelling of the atmospheric circulation regimes of brown dwarfs and their observable features
Authors: Hammond Mark , Mayne Nathan J , Seviour William J M , Lewis Neil T , Tan Xianyu , Mitchell Dann 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTObservations of time-varying thermal emission from brown dwarfs suggest that they have large-scale atmospheric circulation. The magnitude of this variability ranges from a few per cent to tens of per cent, implying a range of sizes of atmospheric perturbations. Periodograms of phase curves of the thermal emission reveal a range of peaks with different periods and widths, suggesting different atmospheric flow speeds and directions. This implies a variety of atmospheric circulations in the different brown dwarfs observed to date, but there is no general theoretical understanding of the circulation regimes these objects can support, and the resulting sizes and velocities of their atmospheric features. We therefore use an idealized 2D shallow-water model of a brown dwarf atmosphere to understand their potential large-scale circulation regimes. We non-dimensionalize the model to reduce the number of input parameters to two non-dimensional numbers: the thermal Rossby number and the non-dimensional radiative time-scale. This allows us to define a parameter space that bounds the entire range of brown dwarf behaviour possible in our model. We analyse the resulting height, velocity, and potential vorticity fields in this parameter space, and simulate observed phase curve and periodograms for comparison with real observations. We use our results to qualitatively define four circulation regimes, which we hope will be useful for interpreting observations and for guiding simulations with more detailed physical models.
Predictions of the 21 cm global signal in the JWST and ALMA era
Authors: Chatterjee Atrideb , Dayal Pratika , Mauerhofer Valentin 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We calculate the redshift evolution of the global 21 cm signal in the first billion years using an advanced semi-analytical galaxy formation model delphi. Employing only two redshift- and mass-independent free parameters, our model predicts galaxy populations in accord with data from both the JWST and the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) at z ∼ 5–12. In addition to this ‘fiducial’ model, which fully incorporates the impact of dust attenuation, we also explore an unphysical ‘maximal’ model wherein galaxies can convert a 100 per cent of their gas into stars instantaneously (and supernova feedback is ignored) required to explain JWST data at z &gt; =13. We also explore a wide range of values for our 21 cm parameters that include the impact of X-ray heating (fX,h = 0.02–2.0) and the escape fraction of Lyman Alpha photons (fα = 0.01–1.0). Our key findings are (i) the fiducial model predicts a global 21 cm signal, which reaches a minimum brightness temperature of Tb, min ∼ −215 mK at a redshift zmin ∼ 14; (ii) since the impact of dust on galaxy properties only becomes relevant at z &lt; = 8, dust does not have a sensible impact on the global 21 cm signal; (iii) the ‘maximal’ model predicts Tb, min = −210 mK as early as zmin ∼ 18; and (iv) galaxy formation and 21 cm parameters have a degenerate impact on the global 21 cm signal. A combination of the minimum temperature and its redshift will therefore be crucial in constraining galaxy formation parameters and their coupling to the 21 cm signal at these early epochs.
Impact of Rapid Identification and Stewardship Intervention on Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Goshorn Eli S , Viehman J Alex , Bariola J Ryan , Khadem Tina , Potoski Brian A , Shields Ryan K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigated the impact of rapid diagnostic testing with and without algorithm-based stewardship recommendations on antibiotic use for bloodstream infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci. A significant reduction in antibiotic days of therapy was achieved in the stewardship intervention group that was not seen with rapid diagnostic testing alone.
On 10-dimensional Exceptional Drinfeld algebras
Authors: Kumar Sameer , Musaev Edvard T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Based on Mubarakzyanov’s classification of four-dimensional real Lie algebras, we classify ten-dimensional Exceptional Drinfeld algebras (EDAs). The classification is restricted to EDAs whose maximal isotropic (geometric) subalgebras cannot be represented as a product of a 3D Lie algebra and a 1D abelian factor. We collect the obtained algebras into families depending on the dualities found between them. Despite algebras related by a generalized Yang–Baxter deformation we find two algebras related by a different Nambu–Lie U-duality transformation. We show that this duality relates two Type IIA backgrounds.
Institutional Design of Pension Systems Versus Labor Market Structure: What Matters Most?
Authors: Herrerias Renata , Zamarripa Guillermo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Since the 1980s, policy makers have favored Defined Contribution (DC) pension systems as the alternative to address the unsustainability of Defined Benefit systems. While DC schemes offer benefits and economic advantages, they also present challenges and limitations. We evaluate the mandatory DC pension system for workers in the private formal sector in Mexico, introduced in 1997. We intend to determine for which workers the design of the system is effective and for which workers it is not. The Mexican labor market has high levels of informality and workers constantly flow in and out of the formal sector. Our findings support the view that workers’ personal characteristics place them in the structure of the labor market that in turn determines pension benefits. We analyze involvement with the formal sector and the pension system and identify 3 groups of pension participants that reflect the structure of the local labor market: occasional workers, frequent interruptions, and workers with high participation rates. We conclude that frictions in the labor market prevail over the good intentions of the pension design, like reducing informality and encouraging saving for retirement. Our results show that the system properly serves only 36% of affiliated workers. We explain why very few workers report behaviors consistent with high participation, and why most affiliates have insufficient participation to receive pension benefits. We shed light on the relationship between the structure of the labor market and the design of the pension system and their impact on workers’ future pension benefits.
Mycobiome Shifts in Ulmus minor Stems After Infection with Beneficial and Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Martínez-Arias C. , Sobrino-Plata J. , Rodríguez-Calcerrada J. , Martín J. A. 
Published: July 2023

The assembly of plant microbial communities is a complex process orchestrated by plant physiology and microbial interactions under changing environmental conditions. In this work we aim to disentangle how an aggressive vascular pathogen, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, affects the composition of the resident mycobiome of field elm ( Ulmus minor). We also aim to determine the extent to which the inoculation of beneficial endophytes buffers the changes induced by the pathogen in the resident mycobiome composition. Three U. minor genotypes, two resistant and one susceptible to O. novo-ulmi, were inoculated with (i) the pathogen, (ii) a consortium of three beneficial endophytes, or (iii) the endophyte consortium, followed by pathogen inoculation. Endophyte composition of stem samples was profiled by high-throughput sequencing of the first internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. A total of 365 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained, 61 of which were core members. Pathogen colonization reduced the ASV richness while endophyte inoculation increased the Shannon diversity. In most cases, the endophyte consortium inoculation prevented most of the changes in the mycobiome composition induced by the pathogen. At the genotype level, both alpha and beta diversity varied strongly, with latent pathogens being more abundant in the susceptible genotype. Overall, the results are evidence that inoculation of plant beneficial endophytes buffers the changes produced in the mycobiome by aggressive pathogens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Wound Care Adherence in Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Ryan , Krueger Steven , Flahive Julie , Mahmoud Bassel H. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND
Patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) are given detailed wound care instructions to prevent postoperative complications. Previous studies have revealed low treatment adherence in general dermatology, but adherence to postoperative wound care and its potential association with poor surgical outcomes remain largely unstudied.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency and causes of wound care nonadherence in patients who underwent MMS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A questionnaire containing a modified Eight-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Measure Scale was administered to Mohs patients at their 1 to 2 weeks postoperative visit.

RESULTS
Sixty-three patients were solicited and consented to completing the questionnaire. The average modified Eight-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Measure Scale score was 7.4 of 8, indicating high adherence. Old age and wound care assistance were associated with increased adherence. Factors contributing to nonadherence included feeling well, being too busy, wound care causing discomfort, and being with friends or family. One patient (1.6%) with high adherence developed an epidermal inclusion cyst within the scar. No other complications were observed.

CONCLUSION
Most MMS patients demonstrated high adherence to wound care instructions, and nonadherence was not associated with postoperative complications.
Effects on the Human Tear Film of Applying Skin Lipids to the Ocular Surface
Authors: Kokkinakis Jim , Schuett Burkhardt S. , Millar Thomas J. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
The effect of skin lipids on the formation and stability of the human tear film was investigated.

Methods:
Skin swab substances (SSSs) were applied to the eyes of volunteers and studied using fluorescein or with TearView, which records infrared emissivity showing tear film integrity in real time. Results were compared with similar experiments using castor oil, freshly collected meibum, or acetic acid, which simulated the low pH of the skin.

Results:
Fluorescein and TearView results were comparable. TearView showed the natural unaltered tear film over the whole eye, instant changes to the tear film, and meibomian gland activity. Minimal amounts of SSS destroyed the integrity of the film and caused pain. Corneal epithelial damage could be detected. TearView showed that SSS stimulated meibomian gland secretion if applied directly to the posterior eyelid margin. Excess meibum had no effect on the tear film spread or integrity. Castor oil formed floating lenses on the tear film which were spread by a blink but then condensed back toward themselves. There was no pain or surface damage with these oils.

Conclusions:
SSS contamination of the ocular surface disrupts the tear film, causes stinging, and fluorescein staining of the corneal epithelial cells after a blink. SSS stimulates meibomian gland activity. It is possible that various ocular conditions associated with dry eye, such as blepharitis and ocular rosacea, may compromise a meibomian lipid barrier of the eye lid margin. Skin lipids would then have access to the ocular surface and cause dry eye symptoms.
Three-Dimensional Assessment of Descemet Membrane Reflectivity by Optical Coherence Tomography in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Yamaguchi Takefumi , Yagi-Yaguchi Yukari , Kasamatsu Hirotsugu , Tomida Daisuke , Fukui Masaki , Shimazaki Jun 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate Descemet membrane reflectivity using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in eyes with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods:
We retrospectively assessed 144 eyes of 88 consecutive participants (41 FECD, 15 pseudophakic bullous keratopathies [BKs], and 32 healthy controls, 63.5 ± 16.5 years). FECD was graded 0 to 3 based on the guttae areas using specular microscopy. The sum of AS-OCT reflectivity of the 3-dimensional volume from 10 μm thickness from the endothelial surface of the cornea and residual stromal area was calculated as Dsum(endo) and Dsum(stroma) in the central area of 3- and 6-mm diameters, respectively. The DES ratio was defined as the ratio of Dsum(endo) to Dsum(stroma). The percentage of the guttae area in the specular images was calculated using MATLAB. Dsum(endo) and DES ratio were compared among FECD, BK, and healthy controls.

Results:
Dsum(endo) in FECD grade 3 was significantly higher than that in healthy control eyes, FECD patients with mild and moderate guttae, and BK (all P ≤ 0.040). The DES ratio in FECD patients with mild to severe guttae (grade 1–3) was significantly higher than that in healthy control eyes and BK (all P ≤ 0.035). The percentage of the guttae area was significantly correlated with Dsum(endo) (R = 0.488, P < 0.001 for 3 mm, R = 0.512, P < 0.001 for 6 mm) and DES ratio (R = 0.450, P < 0.001 for 3 mm, R = 0.588, P < 0.001 for 6 mm).

Conclusions:
Descemet membrane reflectivity in AS-OCT can be objective biomarkers for assessing guttae and FECD severity from early to end-stage FECD.
Estimate of the Prevalence of Vascular Malformations
Authors: Penington Anthony , Phillips Roderic J , Sleebs Nerida , Halliday Jane 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of vascular malformations using retrospective data collected from 1999 to 2020 in a specialty vascular anomalies service.

Methods:
The vascular anomalies service associated with the Royal Children’s Hospital provides a reference service to both adults and children, covering the entire state of Victoria, Australia, which has a population of 6.7 million and around 70,000 births per year. A database of patients was interrogated to identify those treated by the service over the study period with a diagnosis of vascular malformation, excluding capillary malformations. A total of 1501 patients were identified, including 1233 with slow-flow malformations and 147 with arteriovenous malformations. Prevalence was calculated as the number of cases born per year who attended the service plus those estimated as yet to attend for assessment, divided by the average number of live births each year. This was calculated for a selected period comprising the years when the numbers were expected to be most stable.

Results:
The prevalence of slow-flow malformations is estimated to be 1 case per thousand livebirths. Approximate estimates of cases per 100,000 births for individual lesions are: venous malformation 45, lymphatic malformation 35, intramuscular slow-flow malformation 10, complex malformations (Klippel-Trenaunay and CLOVES) 4, glomuvenous malformation 5, and verrucous venous malformation 2. The prevalence of extracranial arteriovenous malformation is estimated to be around one case per 10,000 population.

Conclusions:
An updated estimate, more accurate than those previously published, of the prevalence of vascular malformations has been obtained.