bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QSAR‐Guided Study for the Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 4‐Methylquinoline Derivatives with Antimycobacterial Activity
Authors: Luczywo Ayelen , Soto Mauricio , Muscia Gisela C. , Romanelli Gustavo P. , Sathicq Gabriel , González César , Mella Jaime , Mellado Marco , Asís Silvia E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTuberculosis was discovered more than a century ago, and it is still a disease that presents difficulties in its treatment due to the appearance of new resistant strains. To design new antituberculosis agents with a quinoline structure, our group developed three‐dimensional structure‐activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) models, based on Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Index Analysis (CoMSIA). Statistically robust models (q2>0.6; r2ncv>0.8; r2pred>0.7) and with good external predictability were obtained. We found that positions 2, 3, and 4 of the quinoline nucleus are directly related to the modulation of the growth inhibitory activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. To validate the models, we synthesized twelve quinolines through the Friëdlander reaction and three indolinones. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in the growth inhibition of resistant H37Rv tuberculosis strains (rpoBS450L, katGdel, and gyrAD94K) and in nontuberculous strains (M. avium and M. abscessus). We found that the compound (Z)‐4‐((2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)amino)‐N‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)benzenesulfonamide was active in all resistant strains; the compound 2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐4‐methylquinoline was active on M. avium; and the compound 10‐methyl‐11H‐indeno[1,2‐b]quinoline was active on M. abscessus. These models are useful for the discovery of new compounds with inhibitory properties of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and with potential applications in resistant and nontuberculous strains.
Structure‐Property Relationships Governing Membrane‐Penetrating Behaviour of Complex Coacervates
Authors: Lu Tiemei , Hu Xinyu , van Haren Merlijn H. I. , Spruijt Evan , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComplex coacervates are phase‐separated liquid droplets composed of oppositely charged multivalent molecules. The unique material properties of the complex coacervate interior favours the sequestration of biomolecules and facilitates reactions. Recently, it is shown that coacervates can be used for direct cytosolic delivery of sequestered biomolecules in living cells. Here, it is studied that the physical properties required for complex coacervates composed of oligo‐arginine and RNA to cross phospholipid bilayers and enter liposomes penetration depends on two main parameters: the difference in ζ‐potential between the complex coacervates and the liposomes, and the partitioning coefficient (Kp) of lipids into the complex coacervates. Following these guidelines, a range of complex coacervates is found that is able to penetrate the membrane of living cells, thus paving the way for further development of coacervates as delivery vehicles of therapeutic agents.
Conceptualizing CSR as innovative adoption by MNCs from emerging Asian economies
Authors: Al‐Mamun Abdullah , Zaman Sawlat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo frequently researched fundamental factors in the recent business arena are corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Though the earlier is globalized in various aspects, the latter is still traditionally identified as a Western practice for corporations. This research paper argues that Multi‐national Corporations (MNCs) from emerging economies contribute to their parent country's business dynamics including CSR through “reverse knowledge innovation.” To some extent, CSR is prioritized and implemented in these emerging economies, as their MNCs adopt and diffuse CSR practices domestically through reverse knowledge flows. Based on 10 economies from Asia in terms of CSR adoption, we find that CSR is largely considered a Western business innovation among the emerging economies and their home‐grown multinationals are the main vehicle of transfer in this case. This study identifies that there are three different levels of CSR adoption depending on a country's phase of economic development: Luxury, diffusion, and institutionalized. The study thus contributes in terms of a multi‐level theory by highlighting a source of CSR variation at the national level in the domain of Asian emerging economies.
TRIM29 facilitates proliferation and malignancy of cholangiocarcinoma cells by activating MAPK and β‐catenin pathways
Authors: Yang Jing , Bao Wenqing , Diao Haiyan , Yang Shaofei , Qiu Lin , Xu Chunjing , Zhao Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTripartite motif‐containing 29 (TRIM29) has been found to be involved in the regulation of cancer progression and its function varies depending on the type of cancer. However, the role of TRIM29 in cholangiocarcinoma has yet to be revealed.PurposeThis study initially explored the role of TRIM29 in cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsTRIM29 expression in cholangiocarcinoma cells were scrutinized by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The function of TRIM29 on cholangiocarcinoma cell viability, proliferation, migration and sphere formation abilities were studied by cell count kit‐8, clone formation, Transwell and sphere formation assays. TRIM29 effect on the expression of proteins associated with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell characteristics were researched by Western blot. TRIM29 effect on MAPK and β‐catenin pathway activity was researched through Western blot.ResultsTRIM29 was overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma cells. TRIM29 silencing mitigated the viability, proliferation, migration and sphere formation abilities of cholangiocarcinoma cells, increased E‐cadherin expression and decreased the expression of N‐cadherin, Vimentin, CD33, Sox2 and Nanog proteins in cholangiocarcinoma cells. The loss of TRIM29 suppressed the expression of p‐MEK1/2/MEK1/2 and p‐ERK1/2/ERK1/2 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. The inhibition of the MAPK and β‐catenin signaling pathways abrogated the promotion of TRIM29 on cholangiocarcinoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, EMT, and cancer stem cell characteristics.ConclusionTRIM29 plays an oncogenic role in cholangiocarcinoma. It may promote the malignancy of cholangiocarcinoma via inducing the activation of the MAPK and β‐catenin pathways. Thus, TRIM29 may aid in the creation of innovative treatment strategies for cholangiocarcinoma.
A boot camp translation of Alzheimer's disease in Hispanic/Latino communities
Authors: Medina Luis D. , Woods Steven Paul , Mullen Rebecca , John Samantha E. , Kunik Mark , Pressman Peter , Moeller Stacey , Martinez Michelle , Arroyo Miranda Mirna , Stocker Michelle , Lopez‐Esquibel Natalie , Vardeman Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionHispanics/Latinos (H/Ls) are significantly underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research participant samples. This exclusion limits our interpretation of research findings and understanding of the causes of brain health disparities. The Engaging Communities of Hispanics/Latinos for Aging Research (ECHAR) Network was created to engage, educate, and motivate H/Ls for participation in brain aging research by addressing several barriers to inclusion, including health literacy and AD‐related communication.MethodsWe used a novel community‐engaged method—Boot Camp Translation (BCT)—to translate medical jargon into action‐based, community‐relevant messages. H/L community members (n = 39) were recruited from three cities to work with local research teams and co‐develop culturally responsive AD‐related messaging. BCT meetings leveraged various techniques to identify key messages, the target audience for the messages, and methods to disseminate these messages. Themes were constructed collaboratively between BCT facilitators and community members as the group iteratively refined the conceptual framework and language for the main messages, with the goal to make AD messaging accessible for H/L community members.ResultsH/L community members showed significant improvements in subjective understanding (Cohen's d = 0.75; P < 0.001) and objective knowledge of Alzheimer's disease (Cohen's d = 0.79; P < 0.001) at BCT completion. H/L community members identified key messages that converged for all three cities. These were related to reducing stigma, emphasizing brain health and risk mitigation, and acknowledging the impact of AD on multi‐generational families/households. Participants also recommended sharing these messages with H/Ls across the lifespan using multi‐media avenues.DiscussionThe collaborative efforts identified culturally responsive and community‐relevant messaging that may help address health literacy barriers contributing to AD‐related disparities in H/L communities.HIGHLIGHTS
Hispanics/Latinos are underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research despite increased risk.
Limited ADRD health literacy may act as a recruitment barrier.
Boot Camp Translation (BCT) is a process that targets health communication.
We carried out BCT in three cities to co‐develop ADRD messaging.
Results highlight regional similarities and differences in ADRD communication.
The impact of irrigation with treated wastewaters on soil and kikuyu grass nutrient compositions
Authors: Shahrivar Alireza A. , Hagare Dharmappa , Maheshwari Basant , Rahman Muhammad M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA lysimeter study was conducted for 1 year to examine how the source of wastewater for irrigation impacted soil physicochemical properties and kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) nutrient composition. The wastewater used included treated wastewater produced by a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and intermittently decanted aerated lagoon (IDAL) treatment systems. No significant differences were observed between the treatments regarding total nitrogen and total phosphorus across the depths of the columns. However, highly significant differences were observed for Na content of the soils at various depths. Remarkable differences were recorded for soil exchangeable K and Na at different depths. In contrast, soil exchangeable Ca and Mg experienced no significant differences concerning the depth of the columns. For kikuyu grass, sodium contents of the grasses irrigated with MBR and IDAL treated wastewaters increased more than 200% and 100%, respectively, when compared with the grass irrigated with tap water. Over the period of monitoring considered in this study, there was no sign of excessive soil salinity/sodicity issues. The MBR treated wastewater has the potential to supply the grass with a constant dosage of valuable nutrients such as N and P without the requirement of using chemical fertilizers. This reduces the risk of contamination of receiving waters and groundwater and enhances the recycling of the nutrients in the wastewater to achieve a circular economy of nutrients.Practitioner PointsApplication of treated wastewaters revealed no harmful effects on soil and plant nutritional properties over the study period.The membrane bioreactor (MBR) treated wastewater potentially supplies the grass with constant dosage of valuable nutrients in the absence of chemical fertilisers.Sodium contents of the grasses irrigated with MBR and IDAL treated wastewaters increased more than 200% and 100%, respectively.Soil soluble and exchangeable cations showed very similar trends of changes versus the depth of the soil over the study period.
Welfare State in a Fair Society? Post-Industrial Finland as a Case Study
Authors: Saari Juho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFinland is among the most advanced welfare states in the world. However, many surveys show that Finns are worried about the state of the Finnish welfare state and are experiencing various inequalities. This study argues that contrary to earlier studies, one can claim that the Finnish welfare state has a strong legitimacy and Finns think of their society as just. Opinion polls taken since 1993 show steady and even increasing support. Furthermore, comparative analysis indicates that both in terms of resources and perceived experience, Finland seems to be quite a just/fair country. This result indicates that by asking different questions and highlighting different experiences, one can obtain different results.
Social History of Experiences: A Theoretical-Methodological Approach
Authors: Kokko Heikki , Harjula Minna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow should we analyse experiences as societal phenomena? This chapter develops a historical-theoretical approach by building on the social theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann with Reinhart Koselleck’s temporal structures of experiencing. We first theorize how experiences are socially constructed and how experiences themselves construct the historically changing social reality. Second, we introduce analytic tools for approaching experiences in socio-historical research. The chapter conceptualizes the temporal and spatial structures of experience as layers of experience and scenes of experience, and indicates how they can be traced by exploring the sediments—shared meanings of experience—that are stored in different sign systems in a given historical context.
Voices of the Poor: Negotiations of Social Rights in Denmark, 1849–1891
Authors: Rasmussen Leonora Lottrup 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates negotiations of social rights in Denmark, from the first democratic constitution in 1849 to the social reforms of the 1890s. By drawing on newer citizenship studies and key studies on pauper agency, it focuses on the everyday practice of citizenship and the actions and experiences of those citizens who relied on public support in the city of Aarhus. Through the examination of applications written by the poor to the municipality, the chapter shows how the poor themselves played an active role in shaping the local poor relief system. These local negotiations in turn shaped the content of national citizenship, which indicates that the municipalities preceded the national legislation, functioning as a point of reference for the social reforms of the 1890s.
Between Gift and Entitlement: Experiencing Public Social Services and Charitable Food Aid in 2020s Finland
Authors: Salonen Anna Sofia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this chapter I analyze how the ideals of the Finnish welfare state are experienced in the 2020s by people who live in weak social and economic situations. Charitable food aid and public social services are often seen to epitomize the unreconciled ideals of the charitable ethos versus welfare universalism. This chapter voices grassroots experiences of people who use services from both charitable and public social service institutions. By exploring people’s everyday encounters with these services, the demonstrations of agency within these services, navigations of social hierarchy, and expressions of gratitude in the welfare state context, the chapter highlights both contrasts and connections between food aid and the welfare state institutions. It shows how experienced social rights of people in weak positions are entangled with their individual agency.
Introduction
Authors: Paaß Gerhard , Giesselbach Sven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the development of efficient Deep Learning models about a decade ago, many Deep Neural Networks have been used to solve pattern recognition tasks such as natural language processing and image recognition. An advantage of these models is that they automatically create features arranged in layers which represent the content and do not require manually constructed features. These models rely on Machine Learning employing statistical techniques to give machines the capability to ‘learn’ from data without being given explicit instructions on what to do. Deep Learning models transform the input in layers step by step in such a way that complex patterns in the data can be recognized. This chapter first describes how a text is pre-processed and partitioned into tokens, which form the basis for natural language processing. Then we outline a number of classical Machine Learning models, which are often used as modules in advanced models. Examples include the logistic classifier model, fully connected layers, recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks.
Foundation Models for Information Extraction
Authors: Paaß Gerhard , Giesselbach Sven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the chapter we consider Information Extraction approaches that automatically identify structured information in text documents and comprise a set of tasks. The Text Classification task assigns a document to one or more pre-defined content categories or classes. This includes many subtasks such as language identification, sentiment analysis, etc. The Word Sense Disambiguation task attaches a predefined meaning to each word in a document. The Named Entity Recognition task identifies named entities in a document. An entity is any object or concept mentioned in the text and a named entity is an entity that is referred to by a proper name. The Relation Extraction task aims to identify the relationship between entities extracted from a text. This covers many subtasks such as coreference resolution, entity linking, and event extraction. Most demanding is the joint extraction of entities and relations from a text. Traditionally, relatively small Pre-trained Language Models have been fine-tuned to these task and yield high performance, while larger Foundation Models achieve high scores with few-shot prompts, but usually have not been benchmarked.
Impact of high-scale Seesaw and Leptogenesis on inflationary tensor perturbations as detectable gravitational waves
Authors: Berbig Maximilian , Ghoshal Anish 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We discuss the damping of inflationary gravitational waves (GW) that re-enter the horizon before or during an epoch, where the energy budget of the universe is dominated by an unstable right handed neutrino (RHN), whose out of equilibrium decay releases entropy. Starting from the minimal Standard Model extension, motivated by the observed neutrino mass scale, with nothing more than 3 RHN for the Seesaw mechanism, we discuss the conditions for high scale leptogenesis assuming a thermal initial population of RHN. We further address the associated production of potentially light non-thermal dark matter and a potential component of dark radiation from the same RHN decay. One of our main findings is that the frequency, above which the damping of the tensor modes is potentially observable, is completely determined by successful leptogenesis and a Davidson-Ibarra type bound to be at around 0.1 Hz. To quantify the detection prospects of this GW background for various proposed interferometers such as AEDGE, BBO, DECIGO, Einstein Telescope or LISA we compute the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This allows us to investigate the viable parameter space of our model, spanned by the mass of the decaying RHN $$ {M}_1\gtrsim 2.4\times {10}^8\textrm{GeV}\cdot \sqrt{2\times {10}^{-7}\textrm{eV}/{\tilde{m}}_1} $$

M
1

≳
2.4
×

10
8

GeV
⋅

2
×

10

−
7

eV
/

m
~

1

(for leptogenesis) and the effective neutrino mass parameterizing its decay width $$ {\tilde{m}}_1 $$

m
~

1

< 2.9 × 10−7 eV (for RHN matter domination). Thus gravitational wave astronomy is a novel way to probe both the Seesaw and the leptogenesis scale, which are completely inaccessible to laboratory experiments in high scale scenarios.
Holographic duals of evaporating black holes
Authors: Emparan Roberto , Luna Raimon , Suzuki Ryotaku , Tomašević Marija , Way Benson 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We describe the dynamical evaporation of a black hole as the classical evolution in time of a black hole in an Anti-de Sitter braneworld. A bulk black hole whose horizon intersects the brane yields the classical bulk dual of a black hole coupled to quantum conformal fields. The evaporation of this black hole happens when the bulk horizon slides off the brane, making the horizon on the brane shrink. We use a large-D effective theory of the bulk Einstein equations to solve the time evolution of these systems. With this method, we study the dual evaporation of a variety of black holes interacting with colder radiation baths. We also obtain the dual of the collapse of holographic radiation to form a black hole on the brane. Finally, we discuss the evolution of the Page curve of the radiation in our evaporation setups, with entanglement islands appearing and then shrinking during the decreasing part of the curve.
Patients who undergo bilateral medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction return to sport at a similar rate as those that undergo unilateral reconstruction
Authors: Li Zachary I. , Triana Jairo , Lott Ariana , Rao Naina , Jazrawi Taylor , Montgomery Samuel R. , Buldo‐Licciardi Michael , Alaia Michael J. , Strauss Eric J. , Jazrawi Laith M. , Campbell Kirk A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeLateral patellar instability is a debilitating condition not only to athletes, but also to a wide range of highly active individuals. Many of these patients experience symptoms bilaterally, though it is unknown how these patients fair with return to sports following a second medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of return to sport following bilateral MPFLR compared to a unilateral comparison group.MethodsPatients who underwent primary MPFLR with minimum 2‐year follow‐up were identified from 2014 to 2020 at an academic center. Those who underwent primary MPFLR of bilateral knees were identified. Pre‐injury sport participation and Tegner score, Kujala score, Visual Analog Score (VAS) for pain, satisfaction, and MPFL‐Return to Sport after Injury (MPFL‐RSI) scale were collected. Bilateral and unilateral MPFLRs were matched in a 1:2 ratio based on age, sex, body mass index, and concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO). A sub‐analysis was performed regarding concomitant TTO.ResultsThe final cohort consisted of 63 patients, including 21 patients who underwent bilateral MPFLR, matched to 42 unilateral patients at mean follow‐up of 47 ± 27 months. Patients who underwent bilateral MPFLR returned to sport at a rate of 62% at a mean of 6.0 ± 2.3 months, compared to a unilateral rate of 72% at 8.1 ± 4.2 months (n.s.). The rate of return to pre‐injury level was 43% among bilateral patients and 38% in the unilateral cohort. There were no significant differences in VAS pain, Kujala, current Tegner, satisfaction, and MPFL‐RSI scores between cohorts. Approximately half of those (47%) who failed to return to sport cited psychological factors and had significantly lower MPFL‐RSI scores (36.6 vs 74.2, p = 0.001).ConclusionPatients who underwent bilateral MPFLR returned to sports at a similar rate and level compared to a unilateral comparison group. MPFL‐RSI was found to be significantly associated with return to sport.Level of evidenceIII.