bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TorS ‐ Reframing a rational for type 2 diabetes treatment
Authors: Bar‐Tana Jacob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 syndrome (Tors), paradigm implies an exhaustive cohesive disease entity driven by a hyperactive mTORC1, and which includes obesity, type 2 diabetic hyperglycemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, some cancers, neurodegeneration, polycystic ovary syndrome, psoriasis and other. The TorS paradigm may account for the efficacy of standard‐of‐care treatments of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in alleviating the glycaemic and non‐glycaemic diseases of TorS in T2D and non‐T2D patients. The TorS paradigm may generate novel treatments for TorS diseases.
Exploration of orthorexia nervosa and diagnostic overlap with eating disorders, anorexia nervosa andobsessive‐compulsivedisorder
Authors: Cosh Suzanne M. , Olson Jemma , Tully Phillip J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveOrthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized as obsessional healthy eating that results in malnutrition and/or psychosocial impairment. Yet, ON shares theoretical overlap with eating disorders (EDs), especially anorexia nervosa (AN), as well as obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to further understand ON and its overlap with related disorders by assessing the ability of ON for detecting the presence/absence of threshold ED, AN, and OCD symptoms.MethodAn observational survey was completed by 197 participants recruited through eating disorder, dieting, and mental health support groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses determined the predictive ability of ON symptoms (assessed by Eating Habits Questionnaire [EHQ] orthorexia nervosa [OrNe] and healthy orthorexia [HeOr] subscales, and the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory [ONI]) for detecting disordered eating symptoms (determined by Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire [EDE‐Q] global cut‐scores), probable AN (determined by EDE‐Q cut‐scores and body mass index [BMI] <18.5), and OCD symptoms and obsessional thinking (assessed by the Revised Obsessive‐Compulsive Inventory [OCI‐R]).ResultsResults showed both the ONI and EHQ OrNe measures are able to adequately predict ED symptoms and AN; however, both were poor to moderate at detecting OCD symptoms and obsessional thinking. Healthy orthorexia was poor to moderate at detecting outcomes.DiscussionThese results suggest that ON, as it is currently operationalized, may be more closely related to EDs than OCD, and that ON may represent a subtype of AN. Results also support healthy orthorexia as a distinct construct to ON. While results are limited by the lack of definitive ON diagnostic criteria, findings suggest that treatments developed for EDs might be most suited to ON.Public SignificanceON has been proposed as a psychiatric disorder, and it shares theoretical overlap with several existing disorders. This study adopts a novel approach to assessing and exploring the overlap of ON with EDs, AN and OCD. Results suggest that ON shares more overlap with EDs and might best be understood as a subtype of EDs or AN.
Different patterns of introgression in a three species hybrid zone among European cave salamanders
Authors: Bruni Giacomo , Chiocchio Andrea , Nascetti Giuseppe , Cimmaruta Roberta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHybrid zones occur where genetically distinct populations meet, mate and produce offspring with mixed ancestry. In Plethodontid salamanders, introgressive hybridization is a common phenomenon, where hybrids backcross with parental populations leading to the spread of new alleles into the parental genomes. Whereas many hybrid zones have been reported in American Plethodontid salamanders, only a single hybrid zone has been documented in European plethodontids so far, which is located at the Apuan Alps in the Italian Peninsula. Here, we describe a previously unreported hybrid zone in the Northern Apennines involving all the three Plethodontid salamander species inhabiting the Italian Peninsula. We found 21 new Speleomantes sites of occurrence, from a hitherto unexplored area located at the boundaries between three Speleomantes species ranges. Using mitochondrial (Cytb and ND2 genes) and nuclear markers (two diagnostic SNPs at the NCX1 gene), we revealed a three‐way contact zone where all the three mainland species hybridize: S. strinatii, S. ambrosii and S. italicus. We observed a strong mitonuclear discordance, with mitochondrial markers showing a conspicuous geographic pattern, while diagnostic nuclear SNPs coexisted in both the same populations and individuals, providing evidence of hybridization in many possible combinations. The introgression is asymmetric, with S. italicus mitogenome usually associated with S. a. ambrosii and, to a lesser extent, to S. strinatii nuclear alleles. This finding confirms that Plethodontid are a group of choice to investigate hybridization mechanisms and suggests that behavioural, genetic and ecological components may concur in determining the direction and extent of introgression.
Development of frequency measurement circuit for soil moisture content and electric conductivity measurement system with detection of soil transient response characteristics for on‐site measurement
Authors: Takimoto Sohei , Shigemasu Ryuki , Fujisono Motoki , Ota Satoshi , Futagawa Masato 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn agricultural field, compact sensors that can measure both water content and electric conductivity are needed. Focusing on the fact that water content and conductivity depend on soil impedance, our group has been developing a new compact and noise‐resistant driving circuit that measured soil impedance by detecting transient characteristics of the voltage obtained by injecting current through the soil and converting it to frequency information. In order to realize agricultural field measurements with sensors using this new driving circuit, it had been necessary to miniaturize the part that detected the output from the driving circuit, but it hadn't been achieved in our previous work. In this research, a microcomputer‐based frequency counter was developed to downsize the system for on‐site measurement. In general, there are two methods of frequency measurement: direct counting and reciprocal. The direct‐counting method is suited for high‐frequency measurements, while the reciprocal method is suited for low‐frequency measurements. The developed frequency counter could measure with an error of 0.005% over the assumed frequency range by switching between those two measurement methods according to the measured frequency. Using this driving circuit and frequency counter, we measured the model soil and succeeded in capturing changes in water content as changes in impedance.
Efficient Solution Phase Synthesis of PPII Helix Mimicking Ena/VASP EVH1 Inhibitors from Proline‐Derived Modules (ProMs)
Authors: Albat Dominik , Chiha Slim , Dohmen Stephan , Engelhardt Pascal M. , Sebode Hanna , Soicke Arne , Barone Matthias , Müller Matthias , Kühne Ronald , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the search for efficient inhibitors for the enabled/vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein homology 1 (EVH1) domain to reduce cell motility in metastatic cancer, we previously developed a toolkit of proline‐derived modules (ProMs), which mimic the PPII helix found in the natural −FPPPP− binding motif of EVH1. In this work, we describe the modular assembly of these ProM‐based pentapeptidic EVH1 ligands through liquid phase peptide synthesis. We initially used pentafluorophenyl (Pfp) active esters for amide bond formation and built up the growing peptide chain from the C‐ to the N‐terminus. Switching to HATU/DIPEA coupling conditions and changing the directionality of the synthesis from the N‐ to the C‐terminus afforded the target ligands with improved overall yields and purity. Employing a Fmoc‐protected (instead of the N‐acetylated) phenylalanine derivative as N‐terminal building block significantly reduced epimerization. In contrast to the originally used solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), the developed solution phase method allowed for a facile alteration of the C‐terminal ProM unit and the production of various pentapeptidic ligands in an efficient fashion even on a multigram scale.
A new method for single‐phase high resistance grounding fault protection in low resistance grounded distribution networks
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Liyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe neutral point of the distribution network is grounded with low resistance, which can quickly remove single‐phase grounding fault and effectively suppress overvoltage. However, the existing zero‐sequence overcurrent protection has a high setting value. In the case of large fault resistance and weak fault current, the existing protection methods may refuse to operate. Based on the waveform characteristics of the zero‐sequence current of each outgoing line in the distribution network, this article proposes a new method for single‐phase high resistance grounding fault protection in low resistance grounded distribution network, which combines cosine distance and improved K‐means algorithm. First, the cosine distance between zero‐sequence current of every two outgoing lines is obtained, and the cosine distance matrix used to describe the fault characteristics is constructed. Then the improved K‐means algorithm is used to cluster the row vectors of the cosine distance matrix to obtain the convergent cluster center and cluster label, so that the fault line can be determined. This protection method does not need to set the threshold value manually, and has strong ability to handle large fault resistance. It can effectively deal with noise interference and intermittent arc grounding fault, and still has good adaptability in scenarios such as change of fault initial phase angle, change of fault location, access of distributed generations and occurrence of two outgoing lines in phase to grounding fault. Finally, a model is built, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the simulation of grounding fault.
Unlocking the potential of metal halide perovskite thermoelectrics through electrical doping: A critical review
Authors: Kim Yongjin , Choi Hyeonmin , Lee Jonghoon , Jung Young‐Kwang , Jung Joonha , Cho Jaeyoon , Lee Takhee , Kang Keehoon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have received great attention, triggered by the tremendous success of their record‐breaking power conversion efficiency values in solar cells. Recently, there have been significant interests in fully utilizing their unique properties by exploring other device applications including thermoelectrics, which is promising due to their ultralow thermal conductivity and high mobility relative to their competitors among solution‐processable materials. However, the performance of MHP thermoelectrics reported so far falls significantly short of theoretical predictions, as the doping levels achieved to date are typically below the optimum values for maximizing the thermoelectric power factor, indicating the need for effective electrical doping strategies. In this critical review, recent studies aimed at enhancing the thermoelectric properties of MHPs are discussed, with a focus on the relatively under‐explored area of electrical doping in MHPs. The underlying charge transport mechanism and doping effect on transport are also examined. Finally, the challenges facing MHP thermoelectrics are highlighted, and potential research visions for achieving highly efficient thermoelectric conversion based on MHPs are offered.image
ILAE Genetics Literacy series: Progressive myoclonus epilepsies
Authors: Cameron Jillian M. , Ellis Colin A. , Berkovic Samuel F. ,   for the ILAE Genetics Commission,   the ILAE Genetic Literacy Task Force
Published: August 2023

AbstractProgressive Myoclonus Epilepsy (PME) is a rare epilepsy syndrome characterized by the development of progressively worsening myoclonus, ataxia, and seizures. A molecular diagnosis can now be established in approximately 80% of individuals with PME. Almost fifty genetic causes of PME have now been established, although some remain extremely rare. Herein, we provide a review of clinical phenotypes and genotypes of the more commonly encountered PMEs. Using an illustrative case example, we describe appropriate clinical investigation and therapeutic strategies to guide the management of this often relentlessly progressive and devastating epilepsy syndrome. This manuscript in the Genetic Literacy series maps to Learning Objective 1.2 of the ILAE Curriculum for Epileptology (Epileptic Disord. 2019;21:129).
Trust‐aware task load balancing in multi‐access edge computing based on blockchain and a zero trust security capability framework
Authors: Ali Belal , Gregory Mark A. , Li Shuo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe need for low‐latency service support at the network edge has increased due to new applications such as autonomous vehicles, facial recognition, and augmented reality. Multi‐access edge computing (MEC) has emerged as a promising component of next‐generation 5G and 6G networks that provides additional storage and computing capacity at the network edge to enhance application performance, load balancing, and reduce latency. Security challenges remain, and a zero trust security framework has the potential to reduce risk and improve visibility. A zero trust management module is introduced to authenticate users after a successful registration. This article presents a three‐layer MEC model implementing a trust‐aware load balancing decision process. A Q‐learning algorithm is used to estimate trust values. Task trust and indirect trust relationships are recorded using blockchain technology. Blockchain will enable a transparent and secure mechanism that contributes to secure resource management in an MEC environment. The results provided by a framework simulation highlight the improved security outcome.
Setting Risk Limits and Ensuring Fairness in Learning Health Care
Authors: Wendler David , Sullivan Connor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHistorical abuses resulted in the segregation of clinical research and clinical care. While this approach has protected participants, it is extremely inefficient, leading commentators to propose (re)integrating research and care into learning health care systems. Previous commentators have argued that, in these systems, it could be appropriate to condition care on patients’ consent to participation in research, but only when the added research risks are minimal. In the article “Compulsory Research in Learning Health Care: Against a Minimal Risk Limit,” Robert Steel agrees about making research participation a condition for receiving care in these systems, but he argues that the limit to minimal risks is unfounded, and he offers compelling reasons to think that, in principle, permitting greater research risks could be fair and consistent with individual rights. Unfortunately, the nature of current institutions suggests that this approach is unlikely to be implemented fairly. We conclude that, to ensure fair learning health care systems, research and care may need to be reformed in more fundamental ways.
Lifespan neurodegeneration of the human brain in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Coupé Pierrick , Planche Vincent , Mansencal Boris , Kamroui Reda A. , Koubiyr Ismail , Manjòn José V. , Tourdias Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtrophy related to multiple sclerosis (MS) has been found at the early stages of the disease. However, the archetype dynamic trajectories of the neurodegenerative process, even prior to clinical diagnosis, remain unknown. We modeled the volumetric trajectories of brain structures across the entire lifespan using 40,944 subjects (38,295 healthy controls and 2649 MS patients). Then, we estimated the chronological progression of MS by assessing the divergence of lifespan trajectories between normal brain charts and MS brain charts. Chronologically, the first affected structure was the thalamus, then the putamen and the pallidum (around 4 years later), followed by the ventral diencephalon (around 7 years after thalamus) and finally the brainstem (around 9 years after thalamus). To a lesser extent, the anterior cingulate gyrus, insular cortex, occipital pole, caudate and hippocampus were impacted. Finally, the precuneus and accumbens nuclei exhibited a limited atrophy pattern. Subcortical atrophy was more pronounced than cortical atrophy. The thalamus was the most impacted structure with a very early divergence in life. Our experiments showed that lifespan models of most impacted structures could be an important tool for future preclinical/prodromal prognosis and monitoring of MS.
A prospective study on the efficacy of sequential treatment of technology Lipido‐Colloid Impregnated with Silver and Technology Lipido‐Colloid Nano‐Oligosaccharide Factor in the management of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Wong Natalie Shi Qi , Tan Audrey Hui Min , Chan Kai Siang , Goh Karine C. C. , Lai Peiting , Muthuveerappa Sivakami , Mohamed Nasir Mohamed Maliki Bin , Liang Shanying , Hong Qiantai , Yong Enming , Lo Zhiwen Joseph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsVenous leg ulcers (VLUs) are associated with significant morbidity and poor quality of life (QOL). Compression therapy and wound dressing are the mainstay treatment options. Technology Lipido‐Colloid Impregnated with Silver (TLC‐Ag) reduces bacterial load and Technology Lipido‐Colloid Nano‐Oligosaccharide Factor (TLC‐NOSF) reduces elevated matrix metalloproteinases and improve wound healing. However, evidence is scarce on the role of sequential therapy. This study aims to evaluate if sequential treatment with TLC‐Ag and TLC‐NOSF improves VLU wound healing and QOL.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study from May 2020 to October 2021 on patients with VLUs who received sequential therapy, consisting of 2 weeks of TLC‐Ag followed by two‐layer compression bandage (2LB) with TLC‐NOSF until complete wound healing. Participants were followed‐up with weekly dressing changes. Our primary outcomes were wound area reduction (WAR) and Pressure Ulcer Scale of Healing (PUSH) score. Our secondary outcomes were QOL measures.ResultsThere were 28 patients with 57.1% males (n = 16) with a mean age of 65.3 years. Mean duration of VLU was 13.9 ± 11.7 weeks before the initiation of sequential therapy. Mean baseline wound area was 8.44 cm2. Median time to wound healing was 10 weeks. 57.1% of patients achieved complete wound closure at 3 months. There was significant WAR after 1 month (mean area 8.44–5.81 cm2, 31.2% decrease) and after 3 months (mean area 8.44–2.53 cm2, 70.0% decrease). Mean monthly WAR was 28.9%. PUSH score also decreased at 1 month (16.5% decrease, p < 0.001) and 3 months (63.3% decrease, p < 0.001) marks following the sequential therapy. EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ‐VAS) improved following sequential therapy (baseline: 69.0 ± 15.0, week 13: 80.2 ± 13.2, p < 0.001).ConclusionSequential therapy with TLC‐Ag followed by TLC‐NOSF and 2LB is feasible, with good wound healing and improvement in QOL of patients with VLUs.
Artificial tears: Promising treatment or silent threat to public health?
Authors: Mughal Sanila , Sakina Syeda K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory condition of the corneal surface, attributed to insufficient or low‐quality production of tears, accounting for 5‐50% of the cases globally. Artificial tears are the first line of treatment as they reduce ocular surface tension, and improve film stability and optical quality. EzriCare Artificial Tears are preservative‐free, multi‐dose, readily accessible eye drops containing carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution (10 mg in 1 ml) aiming for relief against DED. This article discusses the public health challenges faced by the use of EzriCare Artificial Tears and emphasizes the need for alternative therapies for the effective management of DED.MethodsWe searched for articles documenting the incidence of the current multi‐drug resistant P. aeruginosa strain outbreak caused by the use of preservative‐free artificial tears and the challenges faced through the use of artificial tears on PubMed, and Google Scholar.ResultsEzriCare and other preservative‐free artificial tears have been reported to pose a serious public health risk as they have been found to be the commonly used product among the people infected with the current multi‐state outbreak of the multi‐drug resistant P. aeruginosa strain.ConclusionThe current multi‐state outbreak of the multi‐drug resistant P. aeruginosa strain has raised concerns about the safe use of other artificial products. It is high time that further trials should be conducted on other alternative strategies and evaluate the safety and efficacy of nanotechnology in the treatment of dry eye disease.
Stacked deep model‐based classification of the multiclass brain hemorrhages in CT scans
Authors: Malik Payal , Vidyarthi Ankit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) brain hemorrhages are life‐threatening medical conditions that require a prompt and accurate diagnosis to ensure timely intervention and treatment. Computed tomography (CT) scans play a vital role in diagnosing brain hemorrhages due to their ability to provide detailed cross‐sectional images of the brain. However, the manual interpretation of CT scans is time‐consuming and subjects to human error. To address these challenges, this study proposes a stacked deep model‐based classification approach for the automated identification and differentiation of multiclass brain hemorrhages in CT scans. The stacked deep model architecture consists of multiple layers of neural networks, each designed to learn specific levels of features, leading to enhanced representation learning and improved classification performance. Later, the stacked models are connected with the weighted approach that helps to get the ensemble models in the proper order based on their power of predicting correct samples. To build the stacked deep model, a large dataset of 7,52 000 annotated CT scans is utilized to train the model and optimize its parameters. Furthermore, transfer learning is employed to leverage pretrained models for feature extraction, which aids in handling limited data scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the stacked deep model achieves superior accuracy (98.56%), and other classification performance measures such as sensitivity (95.89%), specificity (99.58%), AUC‐ROC (98.47%), and weighted log loss (0.04967) as compared to conventional methods. The automated classification of multiclass brain hemorrhages in CT scans using the proposed model not only significantly reduces the time required for diagnosis but also enhances the reliability and consistency of results. This model has the potential to assist medical professionals in making more informed decisions and improve patient outcomes by enabling rapid and accurate diagnosis of brain hemorrhages.