bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed matrix metal–organic framework membranes for efficient CO2/N2 separation under humid conditions
Authors: Geng Chenxu , Sun Yuxiu , Zhang Zhengqing , Qiao Zhihua , Zhong Chongli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMixed matrix metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes show excellent application prospects in gas separation. However, their stability in various practical application scenarios is poor, especially under humid conditions. Herein, we encapsulated a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) into the cavity of MOFs, which effectively mitigated the competition between H2O and CO2 in humid gas mixtures, leading to stable and high‐performance gas separation. For this reason, the resulting membranes using polymer of intrinsic miroporosity‐1 (PIM‐1) as a polymer matrix show good CO2/N2 separation performance and long‐term test stability under humid environment. In particular, the 20 wt% IL‐UiO/PIM‐1 shows a high permeability of 13,778 Barrer and competitive CO2/N2 separation factor of ~35.2, transcending the latest upper bound. Besides, the according membrane module exhibits slightly decreased CO2 permeability and selectivity, promoting the application of self‐supporting membranes. This work provides a reliable strategy for the rational design of MOF‐based hybrid membranes under extreme conditions.
MULT: New height references and their efficiency in multi‐ethnic populations
Authors: de Oliveira Mariane Helen , Araújo Joana , Ramos Elisabete , Conde Wolney Lisboa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo develop new height references (MULT) based on longitudinal data of multi‐ethnic populations and to compare them to the height references from the Dutch Growth Study, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and from the World Health Organization (WHO).MethodsThe MUL height references were developed through the LMS method and the Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape. They were constructed based on 2611 subjects (15 292 measurements) from the advantaged quintile of the Young Lives (Younger Cohort), Millennium Cohort Study, Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study, and Epidemiological Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto studies. The M, S curves were described to compare the growth trajectory of the MULT, DUTCH, CDC and WHO height references. For the population comparative analysis, we used the total sample of the studies (91 063 observations, 17 641 subjects). The Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Cohen's kappa coefficient (K) were used to verify the agreement between MULT, WHO and CDC height references.ResultsThe MULT height references showed taller boys for the periods of 61–174 months and 196–240 months and taller girls for 61–147 and 181–240 months, when compared to CDC and WHO height references. There was an almost perfect agreement between WHO and MULT height references (CCC >0.99) for the subjects aged 2 to 5 years.ConclusionsMULT height references presented a taller population and a high agreement with WHO growth charts, especially for children under 5 years, indicating that it could be useful to assess nutritional status of multi‐ethnic populations.
Arylethanolamines in Ritter reaction: Synthesis of 2,4‐Diarylimidazole Core
Authors: Smorodina Anastasia A. , Buev Evgeny M. , Moshkin Vladimir S. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Y. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA three‐step synthesis of imidazole core from arylethanolamines was achieved. A key to this sequence is a Ritter reaction of arylethanolamines promoted by perchloric acid, allowing the formation of 2‐methylamino‐1‐(acylamino)‐1‐arylethanes in 33–82% yields. The latter were subjected to thermal cyclization into 4‐arylimidazolines by simple heating in n‐butanol in 51–95% yields or to one‐pot cyclization‐oxidation sequence to produce 2,4‐diarylimidazoles in 73–93% yields. The efficiency of this approach was demonstrated on a straightforward one‐pot synthesis of 2,4‐diarylimidazoles from readily available starting materials: aromatic aldehydes, sarcosine, paraformaldehyde and benzonitriles, in 42–49% total yields.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the mortality of patients who received emergency transportation: a population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nakao Shota , Masui Jun , Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Matsuoka Tetsuya 
Published: January 2023

AimThe spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has a widespread impact on emergency medical care systems. However, its effects on the mortality of emergency transportation patients are unclear. This population‐based, cross‐sectional study investigated how COVID‐19 impacted the mortality and outcomes of emergency transportation patients.MethodsWe compared mortality in the emergency department and at day 21 after an emergency visit for patients transported by ambulance to medical facilities in the Osaka Prefecture, Japan, between January 29 and December 31, 2020 (first pandemic year) and between January 29 and December 31, 2019 (immediate pre‐pandemic year; 804,718 patients in total), using multivariable analysis to adjust for potential confounders.ResultsDuring the first pandemic year, 50,446 fewer patients received emergency transportation compared with the immediate prepandemic year. Emergency department deaths increased by 603 during the first pandemic year (4,922 versus 4,319 deaths) and 640 within 21 days (14,569 versus 13,929 deaths). Multivariable analysis revealed an association between the first pandemic year and increased mortality rates among patients given emergency transportation compared with the immediate prepandemic year (odds ratio for emergency department deaths 1.31; 95% confidence interval 1.26–1.38; odds ratio for deaths within 21 days 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.20).ConclusionsThe study results indicate that the spread of COVID‐19 impacted the mortality of patients who received emergency transportation. Further studies are expected to clarify the impact of COVID‐19 on emergency medical care systems.
Excited State Absorption Upconversion Induced by Structural Defects for Photocatalysis with a Breakthrough Efficiency
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Liu Qian , Li Xiaolei , Li Hui , Shen Zhurui , Ji Huiming , Ma Tianyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe nitrogen‐deficient graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been prepared, a new excited state absorption (ESA) up‐conversion mode is discovered, which is directly induced by structural defects, showing distinct chemical characteristics from those based on lanthanide ions and triplet states chromophores. The abundant N2C vacancies in g‐C3N4 nanosheets work as the crucial intermediate excitation states, which lead to g‐C3N4 upconverted emitting at the wavelength of 436 nm excited by the light with the wavelength of 800 nm. This process is proven to proceed via a two‐photon involved ESA mode with a breakthrough quantum efficiency of 0.64 %. Further, we combine N2C vacancies enriched g‐C3N4 with In2S3 and CdS, and successfully achieved an infrared light driven photocatalytic reactions. These findings offered a new family of up‐conversion materials; more semiconductors with various structural defects are potential complementary members.
The Chemistry of the Cyaphide Ion
Authors: Görlich Tim , Coburger Peter , Yang Eric S. , Goicoechea Jose M. , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Müller Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe review the known chemistry of the cyaphide ion, (C≡P)−. This remarkable diatomic anion has been the subject of study since the late nineteenth century, however its isolation and characterization eluded chemists for almost a hundred years. In this mini‐review, we explore the pioneering synthetic experiments that first allowed for its isolation, as well as more recent developments demonstrating that cyaphide transfer is viable in well‐established salt‐metathesis protocols. The physical properties of the cyaphide ion are also explored in depth, allowing us to compare and contrast the chemistry of this ion with that of its lighter congener cyanide (an archetypal strong field ligand and important organic functional group). Recent studies show that the cyaphide ion has the potential to be used as a versatile chemical regent for the synthesis of novel molecules and materials, hinting at many interesting future avenues of investigation.
Exited State Absorption Upconversion Induced by Structural Defects for Photocatalysis with a Breakthrough Efficiency
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Liu Qian , Li Xiaolei , Li Hui , Shen Zhurui , Ji Huiming , Ma Tianyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe nitrogen‐deficient graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been prepared, a new excited state absorption (ESA) up‐conversion mode is discovered, which is directly induced by structural defects, showing distinct chemical characteristics from those based on lanthanide ions and triplet states chromophores. The abundant N2C vacancies in g‐C3N4 nanosheets work as the crucial intermediate excitation states, which lead to g‐C3N4 upconverted emitting at the wavelength of 436 nm excited by the light with the wavelength of 800 nm. This process is proven to proceed via a two‐photon involved ESA mode with a breakthrough quantum efficiency of 0.64 %. Further, we combine N2C vacancies enriched g‐C3N4 with In2S3 and CdS, and successfully achieved an infrared light driven photocatalytic reactions. These findings offered a new family of up‐conversion materials; more semiconductors with various structural defects are potential complementary members.
Cerebellar gamma‐aminobutyric acid: Investigation of group effects in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Pang Elizabeth W. , Hammill Chris , Taylor Margot J. , Near Jamie , Schachar Russell , Crosbie Jennifer , Arnold Paul D. , Anagnostou Evdokia , Lerch Jason P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are thought to arise in part from the disruption in the excitatory/inhibitory balance of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in the brain. Recent evidence has shown the involvement of the cerebellum in cognition and affect regulation, and cerebellar atypical function or damage is reported frequently in NDDs. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have reported decreases in GABA in cortical brain areas in the NDDs, however, GABA levels in the cerebellum have not been examined. To determine possible group effects, we used a MEGA‐PRESS acquisition to investigate GABA+ levels in a cerebellar voxel in 343 individuals (aged 2.5–22 years) with ASD, ADHD, OCD and controls. Using a mixed effects model, we found no significant differences between groups in GABA+ concentration. Our findings suggest that cerebellar GABA+ levels do not differentiate NDD groups.
Trichoderma asperellum as a novel source to prepare chitooligosaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis and its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Wang Siqiang , Zhang Jinyu , Cui Yidan , Li Tengda , Pan Lichao , Li Kun , Wang Liuya , Zhu Zhenyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChitooligosaccharides (COS), an important biological functional component, are mainly extracted from marine products, but its raw materials are currently facing challenges such as marine resources pollution and demineralization. This study aimed to explore Trichoderma asperellum as a novel source to prepare COS. The COS were prepared by the enzymatic degradation of chitosan from T. asperellum, and single factor experiment and orthogonal designs were used to optimize the enzymatic conditions for the preparation of COS. The composition of COS was performed by thin‐layer chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation of T. asperellum chitosan was 87.59%, and its enzymatic hydrolysis yield was 89.37 % under optimized extraction conditions. Moreover, the composition of COS in T. asperellum included chitotriose, chitopentaose, and chitohexaose. Compared with shrimp shells, COS prepared from T. asperellum showed stronger antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella bacilli.
Zirconia nanocomposites and their applications as transparent advanced optical materials with high refractive index
Authors: Lee Deunchan , Cho Hanjun , Yoon Ilsun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites, prepared by incorporating functional nanoparticles (NPs) into a polymer matrix, have advantages of utilizing functionalities of polymers and NPs. Among them, transparent high‐refractive‐index polymer nanocomposites (THPNs), prepared by incorporating highly refractive NPs into polymer matrices, are advantageous for effectively manipulating light. This review focuses on the introduction of fabrication of THPN prepared by incorporating inorganic‐oxide NPs, especially zirconia (ZrO2), and its characteristics as an optical material. ZrO2 NPs have a high refractive index and high transmittance in visible light regions with high and narrow optical bandgap energy. Since ZrO2 NPs are harmless to humans and physically and chemically stable, they are suitable for applications of advanced optical materials for display and energy devices. Various fabrication methods of THPN with ZrO2 NPs and surface modifications of ZrO2 NPs to prevent agglomeration are introduced. Principles and specific applications, which THPN could work with and for, are introduced as well.
In vivo overexpression of synaptogyrin‐3 promotes striatal synaptic dopamine uptake in LRRK2R1441G mutant mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ho Philip Wing‐Lok , Li Lingfei , Liu Hui‐Fang , Choi Zoe Yuen‐Kiu , Chang Eunice Eun Seo , Pang Shirley Yin‐Yu , Malki Yasine , Leung Chi‐Ting , Kung Michelle Hiu‐Wai , Ramsden David Boyer , Ho Shu‐Leong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation is a common genetic risk factor of Parkinson's disease (PD). Presynaptic dysfunction is an early pathogenic event associated with dopamine (DA) dysregulation in striatum of the brain. DA uptake activity of DA uptake transporter (DAT) affects synaptic plasticity and motor and non‐motor behavior. Synaptogyrin‐3 (SYNGR3) is part of the synaptogyrin family, especially abundant in brain. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated interaction between SYNGR3 and DAT. Reduced SYNGR3 expression was observed in human PD brains with unclear reasons.MethodsHere, we further explored whether inducing SYNGR3 expression can influence (i) cellular DA uptake using differentiated human SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells, (ii) striatal synaptosomal DA uptake in a mutant LRRK2R1441G knockin mouse model of PD, and (iii) innate rodent behavior using the marble burying test.ResultsYoung LRRK2 mutant mice exhibited significantly lower SYNGR3 levels in striatum compared to age‐matched wild‐type (WT) controls, resembling level in aged WT mice. SYNGR3 is spatially co‐localized with DAT at striatal presynaptic terminals, visualized by immuno‐gold transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Their protein–protein interaction was confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation. Transient overexpression of SYNGR3 in differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells increased cellular DA uptake activity without affecting total DAT levels. Inducing SYNGR3 overexpression by adeno‐associated virus‐7 (AAV7) injection in vivo into striatum increased ex vivo synaptosomal DA uptake in LRRK2 mutant mice and improved their innate marble burying behavior.ConclusionBrain SYNGR3 expression may be an important determinant to striatal DA homeostasis and synaptic function. Our preliminary behavioral test showed improved innate behavior after SYNGR3 overexpression in LRRK2 mutant mice, advocating further studies to determine the influence of SYNGR3 in the pathophysiology of DA neurons in PD.
Missing Pieces in Structure Puzzles: How Hyperpolarized NMR Spectroscopy Can Complement Structural Biology and Biochemistry
Authors: Negroni Mattia , Kurzbach Dennis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStructure determination lies at the heart of many biochemical research programs. However, the “giants”: X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and nuclear magnetic resonance, among others, leave quite a few dark spots on the structural pictures drawn of proteins, nucleic acids, membranes, and other biomacromolecules. For example, structural models under physiological conditions or of short‐lived intermediates often remain out of reach of the established experimental methods. This account frames the possibility of including hyperpolarized, that is, dramatically signal‐enhanced NMR in existing workflows to fill these spots with detailed depictions. We highlight how integrating methods based on dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization can provide valuable complementary information about formerly inaccessible conformational spaces for many systems. A particular focus will be on hyperpolarized buffers to facilitate the NMR structure determination of challenging systems.
The role of tribbles homolog 2 in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: Takaguri Akira , Ishizaka Rena , Maki Shota , Satoh Kumi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) functions as an adapter protein that regulates signal transductions involved in a variety of cellular functions, including tumorigenesis. However, the role of TRIB2 in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the underlying expression mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigated the role of TRIB2 in VSMC proliferation and revealed that TRIB2 expression increases following vascular injury and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB‐stimulated VSMCs. We found that pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor), U0126 (an inhibitor of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1 [MEK1]), or siRNA targeting the gene encoding early growth response 1 (EGR‐1) significantly inhibits PDGF‐BB‐induced TRIB2 expression in VSMCs. Furthermore, TRIB2 knockdown significantly inhibits PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation of VSMCs but does not affect the phosphorylation of AKT. However, phosphorylation of ERK1 and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antibody are significantly suppressed in VSMCs by PDGF‐BB stimulation. Thus, PDGF‐BB‐induced TRIB2 expression is mediated by ROS/ERK/EGR‐1 pathways and plays a critical role in VSMC proliferation via modulation of ERK activity. We propose TRIB2 as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of neointima formation and vascular disease.
Ultrasound‐guided distal transradial access for cardiac catheterization: Technical notes for the interventionalist
Authors: Zuin Marco , Turchetta Stefano , Drudi Alessandro , Gasparetto Marco , Rubin Lorenzo , Rigatelli Gianluca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the latest years, the use of distal radial access (dTRA), also called “snuffbox,” has become more and more popular for cardiac catheterization. Indeed, dTRA has several advantages compared to the traditional proximal radial approach, such as a lower risk of hand ischemia, radial artery occlusion (RAO) and faster post‐procedural hemostasis. However, due to the presence of different muscular‐skeletal structures, as well as to the small diameter of the distal radial artery (dRA), an ultrasound‐guided cannulation would be preferred since a blind puncture increases the risk of tendon damage and/or the irritation of the underlying periosteum. The present article is aimed to provide the key tips for performing US‐guided access using the dRA in patients undergoing percutaneous cardiac procedures.
Challenges and Strategies of Anion Exchange Membranes in Hydrogen‐electricity Energy Conversion Devices
Authors: Li Jinsheng , Liu Changpeng , Ge Junjie , Xing Wei , Zhu Jianbing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlkaline hydrogen‐electricity energy conversion technologies, involving anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) are more appealing than the acidic counterparts due to the elimination of precious metal catalysts. However, the physicochemical properties of anion exchange membrane (AEMs), i.e., ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, stability, etc., are inferior to that of proton exchange membranes (PEMs), thus hindering these alkaline technologies from practical employment. To promote their development, we summarize the main challenges and the corresponding strategies of AEMs for the application of AEMFCs and AEMWEs in this review. The hydroxide transportation mechanism, ion exchange capacity, hydration and microscopic morphology that are relevant to the ionic conductivity are discussed firstly. Following the ionic conductivity, another obstacle, stability of AEMs is comprehensively described in terms of alkaline stability, mechanical stability and electrochemical stability. Upon integrating into the devices, water management, carbonation effect and membrane‐electrode interface that are critical to the cell performance are highlighted as well. This review is anticipated to provide insights into the AEM design for hydrogen‐electric energy conversion devices, thus accelerating the widespread commercialization of these promising technologies.
Bimetallic Synergies Help the Application of Sodium Vanadyl Phosphate in Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Wensheng , Wang Xinhai , Lu Shengshang , Gao Yue , Gao Tinghong , Guo Tong , Xie Quan , Ruan Yunjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIB) offer many potential applications in large‐scale power grids since they are inexpensive, safe, and environmentally friendly. Sodium superionic conductors (NASICON), especially carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP), have attracted much attention due to the full use of their high ion migration speed. However, the poor cycle lifespan and capacity retention of NVP hinder its application in ASIB. Herein, a novel bimetal‐doped Na3V1.3Fe0.5W0.2(PO4)3 (NV1.3Fe0.5W0.2P) cathode is designed and synthesized to achieve outstanding cycling stability (95 % of initial capacity at 50th cycle). The electrochemical behavior and charge storage mechanism of NV1.3Fe0.5W0.2P are systematically investigated by various in situ and ex situ characterizations. The Fe and W codoping could stabilize the NASICON framework to suppress the proton attack on the Na site in the aqueous electrolyte, thus resulting in excellent cycling stability. DFT calculations show that bimetallic doping increases the structural stability of NVP. Moreover, an ASIB fabricated using a NV1.3Fe0.5W0.2P cathode and a NaTi2(PO4)3 anode delivers 64 mAh g−1 at room temperature, 95 % capacity retention after 50 cycles (1 A g−1).