bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the pre-treatment protocol required to produce an effective carbonized waste adsorbent for organic pollution control
Authors: Priyanka  , Vashisht Devika , Taylor Martin J. , Mehta Surinder K. 
Published: July 2023

With the goal of fostering the circular economy, the present work was devised to minimize and manage agricultural waste by transforming it into biochar; a versatile dye removal adsorbent. Waterways across the globe are frequently fouled and contaminated with organic materials, especially via unregulated industrial effluents, producing toxic water supplies. Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene blue (MB) dyes were used as model organic pollutants in water. The contaminants were then readily extracted from environmental samples using sustainable wheat straw derived biochars. These materials were utilized in an effort to link the circular economy directly to environmental protection, reducing organic contamination by using a low carbon solution. Herein, two methods were adopted to refine a low temperature carbonized material, dependent on initial pre-treatment; leaching followed by milling (method-I) and milling followed by leaching (method-II). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), nitrogen physisorption, proximate and ultimate analysis and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to examine the properties of the synthesized materials. It was found that by altering the process of initial waste pre-treatment, an increase in available surface area (6.284 m2g−1–20.754 m2g−1) and pore structure can be found post feedstock pyrolysis. Additionally, FTIR of the biochar post extraction supported the adsorption process of both dyes, demonstrating a change in dye-adsorbent bonding, depending on the initial waste pre-treatment for the biochar. In batch mode, several operating parameters including pH, concentration, duration, and dose were optimized. Kinetics and adsorption isotherm studies for biochar synthesized by method-II pre-treatment (BC-II) revealed that the system follows Pseudo-first-order kinetics and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model with the relative R2 of 0.9989 and 0.9880 for RhB, comparing with 0.9933 and 0.9932 for MB. The optimal produced biochar, BC-II effectively removed 91.06% of RhB from solution at pH 4 and 92.43% for MB at pH 8. This study brings forth a solution to enhance waste management by creating a circular scenario and alleviate environmental contamination by utilizing wheat straw as a biochar adsorbent, produced under controlled and low temperature conditions.
Comorbidity and polypharmacy impact neurobehavioral symptoms and symptom validity failure among post-9/11 veterans with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Swan Alicia A. , Kennedy Eamonn , Cooper Douglas B. , Amuan Megan E. , Mayo Jamie , Tate David F. , Song Kangwon , Eapen Blessen C. , Van Cott Anne C. , Lopez Maria R. , Pugh Mary Jo 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveThe study aimed to examine the association between post-concussive comorbidity burdens [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or headache] and central nervous system (CNS) polypharmacy (five or more concurrent medications) with reported neurobehavioral symptoms and symptom validity screening among post-9/11 veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).SettingAdministrative medical record data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) were used in the study.ParticipantsPost-9/11 veterans with mTBI and at least 2 years of VA care between 2001 and 2019 who had completed the comprehensive traumatic brain injury evaluation (CTBIE) were included in the study.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional design was used in the study.Main measuresNeurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and Clinical Modification diagnosis codes were included in the study.ResultsOf the 92,495 veterans with a history of TBI, 90% had diagnoses of at least one identified comorbidity (PTSD, depression, and/or headache) and 28% had evidence of CNS polypharmacy. Neurobehavioral symptom reporting and symptom validity failure was associated with comorbidity burden and polypharmacy after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Veterans with concurrent diagnoses of PTSD, depression, and headache were more than six times more likely [Adjusted odds ratio = 6.55 (99% CI: 5.41, 7.92)]. to fail the embedded symptom validity measure (Validity-10) in the NSI.ConclusionTBI-related multimorbidity and CNS polypharmacy had the strongest association with neurobehavioral symptom distress, even after accounting for injury and sociodemographic characteristics. Given the regular use of the NSI in clinical and research settings, these findings emphasize the need for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation for individuals who screen positively for potential symptom overreporting, the importance of multidisciplinary rehabilitation to restore functioning following mTBI, and the conscientious utilization of symptom validity measures in research efforts.
Neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic hepatitis C patients after receiving interferon or direct-acting antivirals: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Fang Yu , Chen Chung-Yu , Yu Hsien-Chung , Lin Pei-Chin 
Published: July 2023

Background: Data on the neuropsychological outcomes after receiving direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients have not been well-documented.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in incidence of neuropsychological disorders (NPDs) after treatment completion between CHC patients receiving interferon (IFN) therapy and DAA therapy.Methods: A nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) between 2010 and 2018. CHC patients without pre-existing mental disorders were included and divided into the treatment (Tx)-naïve DAA group, retreatment (re-Tx) DAA group, and Tx-naïve IFN group based on their HCV therapy. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline differences between groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of NPDs during 6 months after completion of therapy.Results: After one-to-one matching, there were 6,461 pairs of patients selected from the Tx-naïve DAA group and Tx-naïve IFN group and 3,792 pairs from the re-Tx DAA group and Tx-naïve IFN group. A lower incidence of NPDs was observed in the Tx-naïve DAA group than in the Tx-naïve IFN group (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55–0.94, and p = 0.017). The risk of NPDs did not differ between the re-Tx DAA group and the Tx-naïve IFN group (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.52–1.05, and p = 0.092).Conclusion: DAA therapy was associated with lower risk of NPDs when compared with IFN therapy among Tx-naïve CHC patients in a 6-month period after treatment completion, especially among the patients less than 65 years, male gender, and cirrhosis.
Mismatch negativity generation in subjects at risk for psychosis: source analysis is more sensitive than surface electrodes in risk prediction
Authors: Aeberli Tina , Müller Mario , Theodoridou Anastasia , Hagenmuller Florence , Seifritz Erich , Walitza Susanne , Rössler Wulf , Kawohl Wolfram , Heekeren Karsten 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDeficits of mismatch negativity (MMN) in patients with schizophrenia have been demonstrated many times and there is growing evidence that alterations of MMN already exist in individuals at risk for psychosis. The present study examines differences in MMN between subjects fulfilling ultra-high risk (UHR) or only basic symptoms criteria and it addresses the question, if MMN source analysis can improve prediction of transition to psychosis.MethodsThe MMN to duration, frequency, and intensity deviants was recorded in 50 healthy controls and 161 individuals at risk for psychosis classified into three subgroups: only basic symptoms (n = 74), only ultra-high risk (n = 13) and persons who fulfill both risk criteria (n = 74). Based on a three-source model of MMN generation, we conducted an MMN source analysis and compared the amplitudes of surface electrodes and sources among the three groups.ResultsSignificant differences in MMN generation among the four groups were revealed at surface electrodes Cz and C4 (p &lt; 0.05) and at the frontal source (p &lt; 0.001) for duration deviant stimuli. The 15 subjects from the risk groups who subsequently developed a manifest psychosis had a significantly lower MMN amplitude at frontal source (p = 0.019) without showing significant differences at surface electrodes. Low activity at frontal MMN source increased the risk of transition to manifest disease by the factor 3.12 in UHR subjects.ConclusionMMN activity differed significantly between subjects presenting only basic symptoms and subjects which additionally meet UHR criteria. The largest differences between groups as well as between individuals with and without transition were observed at the frontal source. The present results suggest that source analysis is more sensitive than surface electrodes in psychosis risk prediction by MMN.
Pneumonia knowledge and care seeking behavior for children under-five years in Jigawa, Northwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bakare Ayobami A. , King Carina , Salako Julius , Bakare Damola , Uchendu Obioma C. , Burgess Rochelle Ann , Shittu Funmilayo , Iuliano Agnese , Isah Adamu , Ahmed Tahlil , Ahmar Samy , Valentine Paula , Olowookere Temitayo Folorunso , McCollum Eric D. , Colbourn Tim , Falade Adegoke G. , Graham Hamish R. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundBetween 2013 and 2022, Nigeria did not meet globally defined targets for pneumonia control, despite some scale-up of vaccinations, oxygen and antibiotics. A deliberate focus on community-based programs is needed to improve coverage of protective, preventive and treatment interventions. We therefore aimed to describe caregiver knowledge and care seeking behaviour for childhood pneumonia, in a high child mortality setting in Nigeria, to inform the development of effective community-based interventions for pneumonia control.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional household survey in Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria between December 2019 and March 2020. We asked caregivers about their knowledge of pneumonia symptoms, prevention, risks, and treatment. A score of 1 was assigned for each correct response. We showed them videos of pneumonia specific symptoms and asked (1) if their child had any respiratory symptoms in the 2-weeks prior; (2) their subsequent care-seeking behaviour. Multivariate regressions explored socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with care seeking.ResultsWe surveyed 1,661 eligible women, with 2,828 children under-five. Only 4.9% of women could name both cough and difficulty/fast breathing as pneumonia symptoms, and the composite knowledge scores for pneumonia prevention, risks and treatment were low. Overall, 19.0% (536/2828) of children had a report of pneumonia specific symptoms in the prior two-weeks, and of these 32.3% (176/536) were taken for care. The odds of care seeking was higher among children: with fever (AOR:2:45 [95% CI: 1.38–4.34]); from wealthiest homes (AOR: 2:13 [95% CI: 1.03–4.38]) and whose mother first married at 20–26 years compared to 15–19 years (AOR: 5.15 [95% CI: 1.38–19.26]). Notably, the caregiver’s knowledge of pneumonia was not associated with care seeking.ConclusionWhile some socio-demographic factors were associated with care seeking for children with symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), caregiver’s knowledge of the disease was not. Therefore, when designing public health interventions to address child mortality, information-giving alone is likely to be insufficient.
Du sujet de droit à l'hyper-sujet du droit : Une analyse anthropologique comparée du droit des entités de la nature en Bolivie et en Équateur
Authors: Landivar Diego , Ramillien Émilie 
Published: July 2023

Ces dernières années, une intuition remarquable a eu un retentissement important : le droit serait capable d’accueillir des visions du monde, des cosmologies autres que naturalistes, c’est-à-dire autres que celles qui voient le monde fait de discontinuités entre humains et non humains, entre humains et entités de la nature. La plasticité de la personnalité juridique, les fictions et opérations que le droit promeut permettraient non seulement d’accueillir des entités non humaines en tant que sujets de droit, mais aussi de proposer de nouvelles régulations face à la crise écologique. Cet «animisme juridique » revêt pourtant diverses formes qu’il faut savoir mettre en tension pour bien comprendre la portée des reconfigurations ontologiques en jeu. Cet article opère cette mise en tension en comparant, grâce à une analyse anthropologique, les cas de l’Équateur et de la Bolivie afin de montrer qu’il y a au moins deux manières de penser ces types d’excursions juridiques. La première – celle de l’Équateur – montre un animisme juridique fonctionnant comme une jonction entre des conceptions traditionnelles/ autochtones de la nature et des opérations techniques/ modernes du droit, débouchant alors sur un droit de la nature technique, opérationnel et atomisé. La deuxième – celle de la Bolivie – bien qu’elle soit moins techniquement opérationnelle, instaure un hyper-sujet, la Pachamama,
qui fonctionne comme architecture de diplomatie cosmologique, instaurant un tiers garant sacré et dessinant de nouveaux territoires d’inaliénabilité.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA FILM ANIMASI KARTUN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 2 TANJUNG KERANG
Authors: Popiyanti Zalika , Lian Bukman , Hetilaniar  
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of animated cartoon film media on the ability to listen to Indonesian language subjects in class IV students at SD Negeri 2 Tanjung Kerang. The research method used in this research is an experimental method with the form of Pre-Experimental Designs and using the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research sample was 22 students of class IV A. The instruments in this study were pre-test and post-test. The data analysis technique in this study was to analyze the data by means of a paired sample t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The results of this study indicated that the posttest average value was greater than the pretest average value (81.50 > 63.27 ). Then the value is greater than (14.029 > 2.080), with a sig (2 t-tailed) value less than 0.05 of 0.000 <0.05 with the results of the hypothesis = rejected and = accepted. So it can be concluded that this study shows that the use of animated cartoon film media has an effect on the ability to listen to Indonesian language subjects in class IV SD Negeri 2 Tanjung Kerang.
TUBERCULOSE E EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE: A ESCOLA COMO VIVÊNCIA DA PREVENÇÃO
Authors: Andrade Patricia Costa , Sá-Silva Jackson Ronie , Costa Bianca dos Santos , Souza Jéssica Pereira , Carvalho Athina da Silva , Melo Thiago Anchieta de , Sá Jaqueline Pereira , Souza Karen Bianca de Matos 
Published: July 2023

A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Os principais locais de transmissão são ambientes fechados com grande aglomeração de pessoas, tais como igrejas, espaço de trabalho, ambientes familiares e principalmente a escola, tendo em vista que é um lugar com grande quantidade de pessoas. As escolas podem ser locais de prevenção ao tratar sobre o tema a partir de ações de educação em saúde. Este artigo materializa-se como resultado de uma pesquisa de caráter extensionista em que foram realizadas cinco ações didático-pedagógicas em um projeto cuja centralidade foi a discussão do tema da tuberculose na escola: aplicação de questionários para 180 alunos, realização de rodas de conversa, exibição de vídeos, palestras e confecção de murais. Percebeu-se que os alunos foram receptivos ao projeto e participaram ativamente de todas as atividades. Ao se desenvolver as metodologias propostas foi possível sensibilizar os alunos para o tema da prevenção da tuberculose. Entende-se que a pesquisa de intervenção realizada foi produtiva no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos ao abordar-se sistematicamente o tema da tuberculose. As rodas de conversa, exibição de vídeos e confecção de murais se constituíram como didáticas ativas para a reconstrução de conhecimento sobre a tuberculose e sua prevenção na escola.
The Effect of breastfeeding training on TIB in a Baby-Friendly Hospital in Turkey
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Mehmet Semih , KILIÇARSLAN Cengizhan 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Although it is known that timely initiation of breastfeeding (TIB) has beneficial effects on newborn and maternal health as well as increasing exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months, global and regional desired TIB rates have not been reached yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the “Neonatal Baby Service” (NBS) on TIB.
Material and Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at NBS and obstetrics and gynecology service (OGS) of Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital in Turkey between September 01 and December 31, 2021. A total of 486 newborns who were born between 32-40 weeks, weighed over 2000 g and were not separated from their mothers during the first 2 hours were included in the study
Results: The overall rate of TIB was in the study was 80.5% (n=391). TIB rate were found to be significant as 83.1% (n=296) in the NBS, and 73.1% (n=95) in the OGS (p=0.013). When breastfeeding problem were analysed, it was found to be 46.9% in OGS and 28.9% in the NBS (p
Clustering U-14 Portuguese regional team football players by lower limb strength, power, dynamic balance, speed and change of direction: understanding the field position factor
Authors: Sampaio Tatiana , Marinho Daniel , Teixeira José Eduardo , Oliveira João , Morais Jorge 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The aim of this study was to cluster U-14 Portuguese regional team football players based on variables related to lower limb strength and power, dynamic balance, linear sprint, and change of direction.

Method
The sample consisted of 22 young male soccer players (13.83 ± 0.44 years). A set of variables related to lower limb strength and power, dynamic balance, linear sprint, and change of direction was measured.

Results
Overall, a non-significant field position was observed. The countermovement jump (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.73), squat jump (p < 0.001), and 30 m linear sprint (p = 0.001) were the main variables responsible for establishing the clusters. Cluster 1 was characterized by a high slalom, i.e., it took longer to complete the test (speed and change of direction) and a low composite score in the dynamic balance. Cluster 2 was characterized by high squat jump, countermovement jump, and reactive strength ratio (lower limb strength and power). Cluster 3 was characterized by low squat jump and countermovement jump (lower limb strength and power), and a high 30 m sprint, i.e., it took longer to complete the test (speed and change of direction). Based on the results of the territorial map, the clusters consisted of: (i) cluster 1: two forwards, one midfielder, and five defenders; (ii) cluster 2: three forwards, two midfielders, and two defenders, and; (iii) cluster 3: four midfielders and three defenders.

Conclusions
Players from different field positions composed the three clusters. There was no cluster composed exclusively of players of the same field position. The development of individualized and specific enrichment training programs should consider a cluster analysis, as the positional effect can be overlooked.
Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wan Bangbei , Ma Ning , Zhou Zhi , Lv Cai 
Published: July 2023

Background
Obesity is a chronic disease with a high prevalence rate and is an established risk factor for human health. Body mass index (BMI) is a common and primary indicator used in assessing obesity. This work aims to investigate the putative causal relationship among BMI, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), bioavailable testosterone (BioT), and estradiol levels.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with BMI, SHBG, BioT, and estradiol as instrumental variables. All SNPs were identified from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of large sample studies recruiting more than 150,000 European adult male individuals. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) approach was used as a primary algorithm for putative causal estimation.

Results
Genetically predicted elevated BMI was associated with decreased SHBG (IVW, β = −0.103, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.113 to −0.092], P = 1.50 × 10−77) and BioT levels (IVW, β = −0.139, 95% CI [−0.165 to −0.113], P = 9.54 × 10−26) and high estradiol levels (IVW, β = 0.014, 95% CI [0.009–0.019], P = 2.19 × 10−7). Increased SHBG levels were causally associated with low BMI (IVW, β = −0.051, 95% CI [−0.098 to −0.005], P = 0.030) and BioT (IVW, β = −0.126, 95% CI [−0.175 to −0.077], P = 5.97 × 10−7) and high estradiol levels (IVW, β = 0.046, 95% CI [0.035–0.056], P = 6.51 × 10−17). Conversely, no evidence of an effect of estradiol imbalance on SHBG levels (IVW, β = 1.035, 95% CI [−0.854 to 2.926], P = 0.283) and BMI (IVW, β = 0.091, 95% CI [−0.094 to 0.276], P = 0.336) was obtained. However, increased BioT levels were causally associated with lower SHBG levels (IVW, β = −0.044, 95% CI [−0.061 to −0.026], P = 8.76 × 10−7), not BMI (IVW, β = −0.006, 95% CI [−0.035 to 0.023], P = 0.679).

Conclusions
The findings support a network putative causal relationship among BMI, SHBG, BioT, and estradiol. SHBG, BioT, and estradiol may partly mediate the effect of obesity on male health. Reasonably modulating BioT and estradiol, especially SHBG, facilitated the attenuation of the harmful effects of obesity on male health.
Refleksja wokół stoickiego pragmatyzmu Johna Lachsa
Authors: Pierzga Joanna 
Published: July 2023

Kluczowym celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie o proponowaną przez Johna Lachsa filozofię. Według niego, stoicki pragmatyzm łączy pełną akceptacji skromność stoików z poszukiwaniem ulepszeń propagowanym przez pragmatystów. Teoria ta odzwierciedla podejście ludzi, którzy dążą do lepszego życia ale gdy wszystko zawodzi gotowi są przyjąć zastaną rzeczywistość. Zdaniem Lachsa, stoicyzm i pragmatyzm uzupełniają się wzajemnie. Razem w zestawie mogą służyć jako poradnik cenny dla planowania społecznego i indywidualnego życia. W moim tekście skrótowo przedstawiona zostaje struktura książki Stoicki pragmatyzm, argumenty przemawiające za mariażem stoicyzmu z pragmatyzmem oraz zagadnienia z nim związane. Za przyjęciem stoickiego pragmatyzmu przemawiają błędy w podejściu pragmatycznym, niewłaściwe przeciwstawianie aktywnego pragmatyzmu pasywnemu stoicyzmowi oraz fakt, że każda zmiana na lepsze zakłada istnienie pewnych niezmiennych czynników. Wniosek płynący z tych rozważań jest taki, że zarówno stoicyzm, jak i pragmatyzm ujmuje tylko część prawdy o kondycji ludzkiej dlatego, by ująć ją w całości, potrzebują siebie nawzajem. Wolność, odpowiedzialność, miejsce jednostki w społeczeństwie i radość to pozostałe podejmowane przeze mnie problemy. Są to kwestie, które w moim przekonaniu pozwalają lepiej zrozumieć koncepcję stoickiego pragmatyzmu oraz znaczenie, jakie według Lachsa może mieć w życiu człowieka.