bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active surveillance and clinical analysis of anaphylaxis based on the China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System
Authors: Wang Chengcheng , Li Zejing , Yu Yingying , Feng Maoyan , Liu Anchang 
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop active surveillance programs (ASPs) for anaphylaxis using the China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System (CHPS) and analyze the characteristics, allergens, and management strategies for anaphylaxis within a tertiary hospital setting in China.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the anaphylaxis cases reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System in our hospital from 2014 to 2021. Characteristic medical orders, progress notes, and diagnoses in these cases were recorded to identify initial anaphylaxis trigger entries. Based on these initial entries, the questionnaire was developed, and the Delphi method was used to establish consensus entries for anaphylaxis triggers. The CHPS was used to program these trigger entries and construct ASPs, which were then tested on the 238,194 discharged patients to evaluate their performance and analyze the related clinical data.Results: Ten anaphylaxis triggers and three ASPs were ultimately identified. The ASPs captured 309 cases, out of which 94 cases were confirmed as anaphylaxis following manual screening. After removing duplicates, we noted 76 patients who experienced anaphylaxis 79 times. The positive rate of triggers and the positive predictive value of the programs were 0.13% and 30.42%, respectively. The incidence of anaphylaxis in our study was 0.03%, and the number of anaphylaxis cases detected by the ASPs was 5.64 times higher than those detected by the spontaneous reporting system. Anaphylaxis was more common among female patients. Antibacterial drugs, antineoplastic drugs, and contrast media were the most prevalent allergens in clinical practice. Anaphylaxis to antineoplastic drugs had the highest incidence (0.6%) when compared with patients admitted during the same period. Our study revealed a significant underuse of epinephrine and overuse of second-line therapy (glucocorticoids and antihistamines) in the management of anaphylaxis. Furthermore, we found the use and dosage of epinephrine to be inappropriate.Conclusion: The CHPS can effectively utilize both structured and unstructured data to construct anaphylaxis ASPs, and this could counteract the under-reporting by the spontaneous reporting system, the primary adverse reaction monitoring method in China. The treatment and management of anaphylaxis are currently inadequate and require improvement to reduce mortality risk.
Development of a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of triamcinolone acetonide in human plasma and evaluation of its bioequivalence after a single intramuscular injection in healthy volunteers
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Qi Ying 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is commonly used in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions. To ensure its efficacy and safety, it is important to accurately determine its concentration in human plasma and evaluate its bioequivalence. In this study, an efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of TA in human plasma after a single intramuscular injection. The internal standard used in this method was cortisone acetate (CA).Methods: TA and CA were extracted from plasma using ethyl acetate and N-hexane (4:1, v/v), separated on a C18 reverse-phase column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water containing 1% formic acid (55:45, v/v), and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Multiple-reaction monitoring was performed using the transitions m/z 435.4→397.3 for TA and m/z 403.4→163.1 for CA.Results: The developed UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method demonstrated linearity over a concentration range of 0.53–21.20 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.53 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-run precision values ranged from 3.007% to 9.960% and 3.528% to 11.26%, respectively. The intra- and inter-run accuracy ranges were −1.962% to −6.577% and −3.371% to 0.348%, respectively. The matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability of TA all met the acceptance criteria recommended by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for bioassays. In healthy volunteers who received a single intramuscular injection of 80 mg of either the test or reference formulation of TA, various pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Cmax was found to be 8.616 ± 1.232 and 8.285 ± 1.218 ng/mL for the test and reference formulations, respectively. Tmax was approximately 1.833 ± 0.243 and 1.861 ± 0.230 h. The t1/2 was calculated to be 181.249 ± 78.585 and 201.782 ± 83.551 h. AUC0-720 was 835.642 ± 297.209 and 830.684 ± 331.168 ng h/mL, AUC0-∞ was 991.859 ± 355.939 and 1018.665 ± 420.769 ng h/mL for the test and reference formulations, respectively. The average relative bioavailability of TA, determined using AUC0-720, was 105.4 ± 26.9%. Bioequivalence was evaluated through variance analysis and a double unilateral test, and the 90% confidence intervals of AUC0-720, Cmax, and AUC0-∞ were 92.8%–113.4%, 99.1%–109.1%, and 89.7%–110.9%, respectively (all p &gt; 0.05).Discussion: These results met the bioequivalence criteria set by the NMPA, indicating that the developed UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method accurately determined TA concentrations in the plasma of healthy Chinese volunteers and that the test and reference formulations exhibited bioequivalence in these individuals.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of implementing polygenic risk score in a workplace cardiovascular disease prevention program
Authors: Mujwara Deo , Kintzle Jen , Di Domenico Paolo , Busby George B. , Bottà Giordano 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPolygenic risk score for coronary artery disease (CAD-PRS) improves precision in assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and is cost-effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases in a health system and may be cost-effective in other settings and prevention programs such as workplace cardiovascular prevention programs. Workplaces provide a conducitve environment for cardiovascular prevention interventions, but the cost-effectiveness of CAD-PRS in a workplace setting remains unknown. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of integrating CAD-PRS in a workplace cardiovascular disease prevention program compared to the standard cardiovascular workplace program without CAD-PRS and no-workplace prevention program.MethodsWe developed a cohort simulation model to project health benefits (quality-adjusted life years gained) and costs over a period of 5 years in a cohort of employees with a mean age of 50 years. The model health states reflected the risk of disease (coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke) and statin prevention therapy side effects (diabetes, hemorrhagic stroke, and myopathy). We considered medical and lost productivity costs. Data were obtained from the literature, and the analysis was performed from a self-insured employer perspective with future costs and quality-adjusted life years discounted at 3% annually. Uncertainty in model parameter inputs was assessed using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Three programs were compared: (1) a workplace cardiovascular program that integrated CAD-PRS with the pooled cohort equation—a standard of care for assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CardioriskSCORE); (2) a workplace cardiovascular prevention program without CAD-PRS (Standard-WHP); and (3) no-workplace health program (No-WHP). The main outcomes were total costs (US $2019), incremental costs, incremental quality-adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.ResultsCardioriskSCORE lowered employer costs ($53 and $575) and improved employee quality-adjusted life years (0.001 and 0.005) per employee screened compared to Standard-WHP and No-WHP, respectively. The effectiveness of statin prevention therapy, employees' baseline cardiovascular risk, the proportion of employees that enrolled in the program, and statin adherence had the largest effect size on the incremental net monetary benefit. However, despite the variation in parameter input values, base case results remained robust.ConclusionPolygenic testing in a workplace cardiovascular prevention program improves employees' quality of life and simultaneously lowers health costs and productivity monetary loss for employers.
Health promoting sports federations: theoretical foundations and guidelines
Authors: Van Hoye Aurélie , Geidne Susanna , Vuillemin Anne , Dowd Kieran , Glibo Iva , Heck Sandra , Ibsen Bjarne , Johnson Stacey , Kingsland Melanie , Kokko Sami , Lane Aoife , Ooms Linda , Overbye Marie , Woods Catherine , Zeimers Geraldine , Whiting Stephen , Winand Mathieu 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundResearchers and policy-makers have highlighted that the potential for organized sports to promote health has been underexploited. Sports clubs have limited capacity to promote health due to their voluntary nature and have called for support from their national sports federations. The present article provides guidelines, based on the theoretical principles of health promoting sports clubs and an analysis of practical tools and proven strategies, to support national sports federations to invest in health promotion (HP).MethodsA qualitative iterative study was undertaken, based on five 2-h meetings of a group of 15 international researchers in HP in sports clubs. Notes and minutes from meetings, as well as shared outputs were analyzed based on the health promoting sports club framework.ResultsGuidelines developed for national sports federations to promote health includes a definition of a health promoting sports federation (HPSF), a description of how the settings-based approach to HP adapts to national sports federations, as well as practical applications of health promoting sports club’s intervention strategies. The analysis of existing tools also demonstrated that most tools are centered on a single dimension of health (social, mental, physical, spiritual or community), and often on a specific health topic. Furthermore, they do not cover HP as a continuous long-lasting process, but are generally short-term programs. The HPSF clarifies theoretical concepts, their practical implementation via case studies and outlines intervention components and tools useful for sports federations in their implementation of HP.ConclusionThe guidelines developed in this study are intended to facilitate national sports federations to acknowledge/understand, reinforce/underpin and foster current and further investment in HP.
The effects of pharmaceutical interventions on potentially inappropriate medications in older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Li Rui , Zhang Xiaolin , Zong Yutong , Lei Lili , Tao Zhenhui , Sun Minxue , Liu Hua , Zhou Ying , Cui Yimin 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionPotentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is a particular concern in older patients and is associated with negative health outcomes. As various interventions have been developed to manage it, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of pharmaceutical interventions on outcomes of PIMs in older patients.MethodsMeta-analysis of eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to report the outcomes of pharmaceutical interventions in older patients searching from the databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, SinoMed and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). The PRISMA guidelines were followed and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019134754). Cochrane bias risk assessment tool and the modified Jadad scale were used to assess the risk bias. RevMan software was used for data processing, analysis and graphical plotting.ResultsSixty-five thousand, nine hundred seventy-one patients in 14 RCTs were included. Of the primary outcomes, pharmaceutical interventions could significantly reduce the incidence of PIMs in older patients (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.62; p &lt; 0.001), and the number of PIMs per person (MD = -0.41, 95%CI: −0.51, −0.31; p &lt; 0.001), accompanying by a low heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed that the application of computer-based clinical decision support for pharmacological interventions could remarkably decrease the incidence of PIMs and two assessment tools were more effective. Of the secondary outcomes, the meta-analysis showed that pharmacological interventions could reduce the number of drugs used per person (MD = -0.94, 95%CI: −1.51, −0.36; p = 0.001) and 30-day readmission rate (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.92; p = 0.02), accompanying by a low heterogeneity. However, the pharmaceutical interventions demonstrated no significant improvement on all-cause mortality and the number of falls.ConclusionOur findings supported the efficacy of pharmaceutical interventions to optimize the use and management of drugs in older patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, CRD42019134754.
The relationship between dominant Western discourse and personal narratives of female genital cutting: exploring storytelling among Swedish-Somali girls and women
Authors: Palm Camilla , Elmerstig Eva , Holmström Charlotta , Essén Birgitta 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionA dominant narrative, referred to as “the standard tale,” prevails in popular representations about female genital cutting (FGC) that often contrast with how cut women traditionally narrate their FGC experience as meaningful in contexts where FGC is customary. However, scholarship has increasingly highlighted how global eradication campaigns and migration to countries where FGC is stigmatized provide women with new frames of understanding which may lead to a reformulation of previous experiences. This article subjects the storytelling itself to analysis and explores how participants narrate and make sense of their FGC experience in a post-migration setting where FGC is stigmatized.MethodsSemi-structured focus groups (9) and individual interviews (12) with Swedish-Somali girls and women (53) were conducted.ResultsThe article highlights how the participants navigate their storying in relation to "the standard tale" of FGC in their efforts to make sense of their experiences. Navigation was conducted both at an intrapersonal level through continuous identity work, and in relation to the social context in interpersonal encounters, i.e., with service providers and others, among whom the standard tale has become a truth.DiscussionThe article places the analysis within broader discussions about anti-FGC work and considers the implications in relation to efforts to end FGC.
Detection and quantification of pesticide residues in tomatoes sold in urban markets of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Dione Michel Mainack , Djouaka Rousseau , Mbokou Serge Foukmeniok , Ilboudo Guy Sidwatta , Ouedraogo Abdoul Aziz , Dinede Getachew , Roesel Kristina , Grace Delia , Knight-Jones Theodore J. D. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction“What people worry about, and what makes them sick and kills them, are not the same” is maxim for risk communication experts. In Burkina Faso, pesticides are used by vegetable producers to improve productivity. However, consumer concern over pesticide use is high. Of course, if over-used pesticides could have serious health consequences for producers and consumers and also cause ecological damage.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted to detect and quantify the levels of residues of pesticides in tomatoes sold in urban markets of Ouagadougou. Two samples were collected from each vendor (n = 328 vendors) making a total of 656 tomato samples from 26 markets. Samples were subjected to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for detection and quantification of six pesticide residues commonly used in West Africa including acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and permethrin.ResultsOverall, 62.2% of tomato samples contained at least one pesticide residue including acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT. Deltamethrin and permethrin were however not detected in any samples. The highest proportions of samples were contaminated with DDT (32.9, 95%CI: 27.9–38.3%), followed by acetamiprid (31.1, 95%CI: 26.2–36.5%), lambda-cyhalothrin (28.4, 95%CI: 23.6–33.6%) and chlorpyrifos (10.7, 95%CI, 7.6–14.6%). 21.3% of samples exceeded Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) including Acetamiprid (13.1%), DDT (7.3%), lambda-cyhalothrin (2.1%) and chlorpyrifos (0.3%); while 61.3% of sample exceeded European Union (EU) MRLs. Multiple pesticide residues (up to 4) were detected simultaneously in 27.7% of the total samples.ConclusionThe study suggests that producers and consumers may be exposed to pesticides that can be highly toxic to them and to the environment. We recommend further quantitative risk assessment for consumer exposure and identification of best procedures to reduce residues in vegetables. Meanwhile, monitoring and regulating pesticide use, with the promotion of good agricultural practices, are warranted to prevent consumers, producers and environmental exposure. However, given this may not be effective, promotion of consumer washing and peeling of vegetables may be warranted to at least empower consumers to protect themselves. Moreover, where resources are scarce they should be directed to the highest burden hazards and in Burkina Faso, these are not likely to be pesticides.
A Novel Bow-Tie Balun-Fed Dual-Polarized Crossed Dipole Antenna
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Yuan Naichang , Hu Xueyi , Xu Yixuan , Shi Tongtong 
Published: July 2023

A broadband dual-polarized crossed dipole antenna is proposed in this paper. To achieve a wide impedance bandwidth and low-profile configuration, a novel bow-tie balun is applied to this antenna. Firstly, the working mechanisms of both bow-tie baluns and the antenna are introduced. Then, the parametric study and design guidelines are presented. Finally, the optimized antenna is fabricated, measured, and analyzed. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth from 2.42 GHz to 6.48 GHz. The fractional bandwidth is 91.2%. Moreover, within the whole band, the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns are stable. The port isolation is greater than 20 dB, and the cross-polarization discrimination ratio is better than 25 dB. The proposed antenna achieves a realized gain of 7.5 dBi ± 0.5 dBi. It can be a good candidate for sub-6 GHz wireless communications or short-range radar applications.
Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Family A DNA Polymerase from Massilia aurea
Authors: Kuznetsova Aleksandra A. , Bedritskikh Ksenia S. , Bulygin Anatoly A. , Kuznetsov Nikita A. 
Published: July 2023

Mau DNA polymerase is a family A DNA polymerase isolated from Massilia aurea. In this study, a recombinant plasmid, His6-tagged Mau-pET28c, was constructed. His-tagged Mau was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosseta 2 (DE3) competent cells and, after optimization of purification conditions, was successfully isolated via a two-step purification system by Ni2+-chelating affinity chromatography followed by heparin affinity chromatography. The biochemical properties of Mau DNA polymerase were investigated next. This polymerase showed maximal polymerase activity at 30 °C, pH 8.4–8.8, 2–10 mM MgCl2, and 10–40 mM KCl. Kinetic parameters of correct and incorrect dNTP incorporation as well as DNA-binding affinity were determined too. KdNTPd,app values were found to be 16 µM for correct dNTP and 200–500 µM for incorrect dNTP. The kinetic parameter kcat turned out to be 0.2 s−1 for correct dNTP incorporation and an order of magnitude less for incorrect dNTP incorporation. It was demonstrated that Mau DNA polymerase has 5′→3′ and 3′→5′ exonuclease activities associated with the main activity.
Hypoxia Activates HIF-1α and Affects Gene Expression and Transcriptional Regulation of PHD in Tegillarca granosa
Authors: Peng Zhilan , Liu Xiaomin , Jin Ming , Zhan Yu , Zhang Xiaolin , Bao Yongbo , Liu Minhai 
Published: July 2023

Hypoxia is a common challenge faced by mollusks, and the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in regulating related target genes under hypoxia in Tegillarca granosa (Tg) remains unclear. In this study, we identified gene HIF-1α and further explored its function. qRT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of HIF-1α, prolyl 4-hydroxylases (PHD), hemoglobin (Hb), and myoglobin (Mb) in response to hypoxia. Dual-luciferase reporter analysis was used to assess the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α on the PHD and Hb genes during hypoxia. Results showed that the expression levels of HIF-1α and PHD mRNAs were highest in the gill and lowest in the adductor muscle. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α and PHD mRNAs were both induced, and their expression levels increased significantly, peaking at 8 h and gradually decreasing thereafter. The transcription of Tg-PHD was induced by hypoxia and was Tg-HIF-1α dependent. Notably, the expression of Hb decreased in hemocytes (p < 0.01) after 8 h at 0.5 mg/L, while the expression of MbI and MbII increased (p < 0.01) in the hepatopancreas after 24 h and 120 h, respectively. Moreover, Tg-HIF-1α could transactivate the PHD promoter but not that of Hb. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulatory role of Tg-HIF-1α on Tg-PHD, safeguarding it from degradation by PHD and offering significant contributions to the understanding of HIF-1α’s function. Nonetheless, the expression of Tg-HIF-1α protein was not detected under hypoxic conditions, and additional investigations are required to quantify Tg-HIF-1α protein dynamics and establish the correlation between mRNA expression and protein levels.