bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bispecific antibodies and its applications: a novel approach for targeting SARS-Cov-2
Authors: Shukla Ajay Kumar , Misra Saurav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a severe global threat, with the world engulfed in the struggle against the disease’s second or third waves, which are approaching frightening proportions in terms of cases and mortality in many nations. Despite the critical need for effective therapy, there is still uncertainty about the optimal practices for treating COVID-19 with various pharmaceutical approaches. This being third year, global immunity and eradication of SARS-CoV-2 is currently seems to be out of reach. Efforts to produce safe and effective vaccinations have shown promise, and progress is being made. Additional therapeutic modalities, as well as vaccine testing in children, are required for prophylaxis and treatment of high-risk individuals. As a result, neutralising antibodies and other comparable therapeutic options offer a lot of promise as immediate and direct antiviral medications. Bispecific antibodies offer a lot of potential in COVID-19 treatment because of their qualities including stability, small size and ease of manufacture. These can be used to control the virus’s infection of the lungs because they are available in an inhalational form. To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, innovative approaches with effective nanobodies, high-expression yield and acceptable costs may be required.
Influence on compressive and tensile strength properties of fiber-reinforced concrete using polypropylene, jute, and coir fiber
Authors: Tariq Khawaja Adeel , Ahmad Jamil , Husnain Syed Ali , Ijaz Muhammad Sufyan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This research work is related to the use of environment friendly materials like fibers of coir, polypropylene and jute in concrete. An economical reinforced concrete is produced by reducing the diameter of steel bar by using fiber ropes. We have examined the compressive and flexural strength of fiber-reinforced concrete. In this study, concrete mix is prepared by using coir fibers. Although instead of using only conventional steel bars, reinforced concrete behavior was investigated with the combination of polypropylene fiber and jute fiber ropes along with steel bars for a constant water binder ratio. These fiber ropes are wound around steel bar with the help of Zepoxy 300 for proper bonding of fiber ropes and steel bar. The results demonstrate that properties of concrete are enhanced by using fibers. Fiber ropes with steel bar in coir concrete increased the flexural strength and compressive strength by 6 and 7%, respectively. Furthermore, it is observed that the addition of fibers in concrete changes the cracking pattern of reinforced concrete beams.
Early onset of puberty during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: experience from two Pediatric Endocrinology Italian Centers
Authors: Goffredo Martina , Pilotta Alba , Parissenti Ilaria , Forino Concetta , Tomasi Cesare , Goffredo Paolo , Buzi Fabio , Badolato Raffaele 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
During COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, reports of evaluations for suspected precocious puberty significantly raised. We aimed to assess the increase of precocious puberty in patients referred to Pediatric Endocrinology Units of Brescia (Italy), to determine clinical characteristics of patients undergoing a GnRH stimulation test before and during lockdown and evaluate the role of environmental factors in pubertal development.

Methods
Clinical and biochemical data of patients undergoing GnRH stimulation test were collected and stratified in two groups: March 2019 – February 2020 (Period 1) and March 2020 – February 2021 (Period 2).

Results
A total number of 391 evaluations for suspected precocious puberty were identified in the two study periods: 183 (46.8%) first visits during Period 1, and 208 (53.2%) in Period 2. Sixty-one patients underwent a GnRH stimulation test (4.1% of first consultations) before the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, and 93 children (8.7%) after the lockdown. Thirty-four new diagnoses of central precocious puberty were registered during Period 1 (2.3%), vs. 45 new cases (4.2%) in Period 2. During lockdown patients evaluated for suspected precocious puberty underwent a stimulation test at younger age than those evaluated before pandemic (median age of 8.2 years vs. 8.4, p=0.04). In Period 2, children showed a median bone age advancement of 0.61 years vs. 1.06 of Period 1 (p=0.03).

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed an increased proportion of consultations for suspected precocious puberty. These children showed lower bone age advancement than observed in pre-lockdown suggesting the influence of pandemic-related lifestyle changes on pubertal development.
Use of a pocket-device point-of-care ultrasound to assess cervical dilation in labor: correlation and patient experience
Authors: Connell Phillip , Turrentine Mark , Antoniewicz Leah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the correlation of cervical dilation between pocket-device point-of-care transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) and digital cervical examination (DCE).

Methods
Laboring pregnant individuals ≥37 weeks of gestation presenting were prospectively evaluated for cervical dilation with a handheld pocket-sized ultrasound (Butterfly iQ+®) applied to the perineum, with a blinded DCE directly following. Subjects completed a survey to rate pain and for any preference from the examinations. To detect a moderate correlation (r=0.5) between TPUS and DCE, with an alpha of 0.05 and power of 80%, a sample size of 30 examinations were needed.

Results
From April 2022 to July 2022, 30 pregnant individuals were assessed. The median cervical dilation by TPUS vs. DCE was 5.1 and 5 cm, respectively, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r=0.86 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.93), p<0.001. Transperineal ultrasound had a significantly less pain score than DCE, median pain score 0 vs. 2 for TPUS and DCE respectively, p<0.001. All individuals preferred the TPUS over the DCE.

Conclusions
Measurement of cervical dilation using a pocket-device point-of-care TPUS has a strong positive correlation with DCE and offers a non-invasive, convenient alternative to traditional digital exams in term, laboring patients.
Diachronic phonological typology: understanding inventory structure through sound change dynamics
Authors: Easterday Shelece , Bybee Joan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe advocate for a diachronic typological approach to phonology, arguing that explanation for phonological structure must appeal to dynamic processes. We outline basic assumptions and explanatory mechanisms of this framework and demonstrate its utility by applying it to aspects of consonant phoneme inventory structure. Examining sound change paths through which palatal(ized) and ejective consonants emerge, we show that initial conditions in a language influence the likelihood of a sound change occurring, and that sound change trajectories may differ in their lifespans and the ease with which they are entered into. Regarding more general theoretical issues, we find that focusing on the dynamic processes that create inventories is more likely to produce accurate predictions about the patterns observed than structural generalizations such as feature economy. We conclude that further elucidating the details of sound change will lead to a fuller and more explanatory phonological typology.
Surface quality improvement at selective laser melting AlSi10Mg by optimizing single point diamond turning parameters
Authors: Wang Yifan , Yu Jun , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSelective laser melting allows aluminum-silicon alloy mirrors further lightweight for aerospace applications. The reflective surfaces based on Selective laser melting aluminum-silicon alloy substrates are commonly machined by single point diamond turning. However, many surface defects on single point diamond turning machined surfaces may limit their direct applications in optical system. In the paper, single point diamond turning parameters (cutting depth, feed rate, and cutting speed) are optimized orderly to improve its surface quality. The single point diamond turning machined surface morphologies are measured by using white light profilometer. In our selective laser melting AlSi10Mg substrate, scratches and holes mainly damaged single point diamond turning surface. Scratches are caused by inclusions while holes are generated by gas pores and inclusions. Single point diamond turning parameters optimization reduces the density of such surface defects, but these defects cannot be eliminated totally.
Nanoparticle effects on post-buckling behaviour of patched hybrid composites
Authors: Erdem Serkan , Gur Mustafa , Kaman Mete Onur 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, the effect of particle additive on buckling behaviour in laminated hybrid composite plates was investigated numerically and experimentally for patched samples. In the experimental study, carbon-aramid woven fabric was chosen as the hybrid material and composite plate production was carried out in a temperature-controlled vacuum infusion production unit. The circular holed specimens were patched on one face with the wet patch and the adhesion performance under buckling load was investigated. The buckling test results for composite plates with and without nanoparticle added to patch matrix material were compared. In numerical study, the buckling analysis of composite plates patched with nano-additive and without nano-additive wet patch method was performed with the finite element method. The numerical results obtained in the nonlinear buckling analysis for plates and the experimental results were compatible with each other. Addition of 1 wt% carbon nano tube (CNT) and graphene to the patch material with fiber angle parallel to the loading direction increased the damage loads by 22.5 and 12.6 wt%, respectively, compared to the non-additive patch. Adding 2 wt% CNT increased damage loads by 50%, while adding 2 wt% graphene reduced damage loads only 1%.
Influence of pulsed laser beam welding in vacuum on the mechanical properties of non-grain oriented electrical steel sheets
Authors: Reisgen Uwe , Olschok Simon , Rasbach Erik , Krichel Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Major components of electrical machines are iron cores made of stacked electrical steel sheets. In this paper, pulsed laser beam welding in vacuum is used to join the individual electrical steel sheets. Three different non-grain-oriented electrical steel alloys are investigated and joined by individual spot welds. The influence of pulsed laser beam welding in atmosphere as well as in vacuum on the welding result and the tensile strength of the welded joint is discussed. The results show that the insulation coating of the electrical sheets has significant effects on the grain structure as well as the hardness of the weld spots. These effects can be reduced with decreased working pressure, which reduces the power loss of iron cores. The reduction of the working pressure and the associated reduction of the vapor plume, which appears to reduce the energy input into the component depending on the material and coating, results in an increase of the melt volume and the joint cross sectional area. The tensile strength of the performed welds was tested and interpreted with respect to the influencing process parameters.
Eastern European Perspectives on the Restitution of Nazi-Looted Jewish Cultural Property: Gershom Scholem in Prague, 1946
Authors: Holzer-Kawalko Anna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article offers a critical examination of the travel diaries written by Gershom Scholem (1897–1982), a well-known pioneer scholar of Jewish mysticism and a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1946, Scholem was sent to Prague on behalf of the Hebrew University to retrieve the Nazi-looted Jewish libraries from Czechoslovakia to Palestine. In recent years, at the same time as a significant rise of scholarly interest in the fate of the plundered Jewish books and manuscripts, Scholem’s accounts have come to serve as a main source of information on the Jewish cultural property in the Bohemian lands. Where most of the currently available studies take his description of the Czechoslovak restitution affairs almost for granted, this article seeks to adopt a more distant approach to these materials, by undertaking a comparison with the documentation produced by the local Jewish bodies and the archival sources of the Czechoslovak authorities responsible for the management of Jewish assets. Zooming in on the encounter between Scholem and the leaders of the Jewish community in Prague, the paper points especially to the multiple misunderstandings that arose between the two parties during his visit. It then explores the difference between his and the Prague protagonists’ perspectives on the Nazi-looted Jewish cultural property.
Singular states of resonant nanophotonic lattices
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Lee Kyu Jin , Simlan Fairooz Abdullah , Magnusson Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFundamental effects in nanophotonic resonance systems focused on singular states and their properties are presented. Strongly related to lattice geometry and material composition, there appear resonant bright channels and non-resonant dark channels in the spectra. The bright state corresponds to high reflectivity guided-mode resonance (GMR) whereas the dark channel represents a bound state in the continuum (BIC). Even in simple systems, singular states with tunable bandwidth appear as isolated spectral lines that are widely separated from other resonance features. Under moderate lattice modulation, there ensues leaky-band metamorphosis, merging modal bands and resulting in offset dark states and reflective BICs along with transmissive BICs within a high-reflectance wideband. Rytov-type effective medium theory (EMT) is shown to be a powerful means to describe, formulate, and understand the collective GMR/BIC fundamentals in resonant photonic systems. Particularly, the discarded Rytov analytical solution for asymmetric fields is shown here to predict the dark BIC states essentially exactly for considerable modulation levels. The propagation constant of an equivalent EMT homogeneous film provides a quantitative evaluation of the eminent, oft-cited embedded BIC eigenvalue. The work concludes with experimental verification of key effects.
Strip waveguides in Yb3+-doped silicate glass formed by combination of He+ ion implantation and precise ultrashort pulse laser ablation
Authors: Bai Jing , Wang Jin , Li Ji , Long Xue-Wen , Liu Chun-Xiao , Xie Peng , Wang Wei-Qiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Strip optical waveguides were realized in Yb3+-doped silicate glass with ultrashort pulse laser ablation assisted He+ ion implantation. Planar waveguides were first prepared near the glass surface by He+ ion implantation (450 keV + 500 keV + 550 keV), followed by annealing at 260℃. After that, under the processing parameters of 3 μJ energy and 50 μm/s ablation velocity, two parallel tracks with separation of 15, 20, and 25 μm were, respectively, inscribed on the sample, which confine the light in lateral direction to form a strip waveguide. The near-field intensity measurement indicates that the strip waveguides maintain the single-mode propagation characteristics with 976 nm laser injection, and present the multi-mode characteristics with 632.8 nm laser injection, showing that the guided modes are well supported in the strip waveguides. The minimum propagation loss of strip waveguide is 1.35 dB/cm. Fluorescence emission spectra indicate that the gain properties of waveguide core were maintained well after waveguide preparation, revealing that the strip waveguide device in Yb3+-doped silicate glass has the potential to become an active device as waveguide laser or waveguide amplifier.
Serum homocysteine level was elevated in ulcerative colitis and can be applied as diagnostic biomarker
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Wang Shanshan , Wang Hongmin , Wu Junxia , Tan Qihua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the correlation between serum level of homocysteine (Hcy) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and evaluate its diagnostic performance by pooling the open published data.

Methods
The case–control or cohort studies relevant to serum level of Hcy and UC, published in Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE, China Wanfang and CNKI databases, were systematically screened by using the text word of “homocysteine,” “hcy,” “UC,” “inflammatory bowel disease.” The standard mean difference (SMD) was pooled through random effect model. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of serum Hcy for UC were also calculated.

Results
Eighteen relevant case–control studies were identified by electronic searching the related databases. The pooled results indicated that the serum levels of Hcy were statical different between UC and healthy controls with SMD = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.87–1.04). The serum levels of Hcy were 14.30 ± 3.08 (range: 10.10–21.73) and 10.09 ± 1.57 (range: 6.80–12.47) μmol/L for UC and healthy controls, respectively, of the included 18 studies. Using serum Hcy as biomarker for UC identification, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 94.44% (95% CI: 72.71–99.86%), 72.22% (46.52–90.31%) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77–0.99, P < 0.05), respectively. Significant publication bias was identified in the present work.

Conclusion
Based on the present publications, serum Hcy was elevated in UC cases and can be applied as serological marker for UC diagnosis. However, due to significant publication bias, the diagnostic performance should be further validated by well-designed prospective diagnostic studies.
LA EVALUACIÓN DE LOS APRENDIZAJES A TRAVÉS DE UNA AUTOPREGUNTA DE CONTENIDOS
Authors: Delgrosso Adriana , Dimángano Patricia 
Published: January 2023

Resumen
La orientación metacognitiva de la educación pretende que el estudiante universitario sea protagonista de su crecimiento cognitivo y académico. Una de las estrategias para lograrlo son las autopreguntas ya que permiten indagar acerca de conceptos aprendidos. Los objetivos que nos proponemos responder en esta investigación están relacionados con la caracterización de las autopreguntas que se formulan los estudiantes, la descripción de los enunciados a través de los cuales las plantean y las respuestas que dan a las mismas, con el propósito de compararlos con las calificaciones que obtuvieron en la evaluación de resultados que se realiza en el primer examen parcial de la asignatura Psicolingüística. Se trata de un trabajo cuantitativo, cualitativo, descriptivo, trasversal y comparativo cuyos resultados demostraron que la autopregunta y la calificación obtenida por cada estudiante en la evaluación de resultados se encuentran estadísticamente vinculadas entre sí.
CORONAVÍRUS (COVID-19) E SEUS IMPACTOS E DESAFIOS PARA A ÁREA DA QUALIDADE: ESTUDO MULTICASOS EM INDÚSTRIAS DE ALIMENTOS DA CIDADE DE PELOTAS/RS
Authors: Gomes Venzke Gabriela , Pereira Aline , Fernandes de Avila David , Carolina Ojeda Elka 
Published: January 2023

Durante a pandemia do Coronavírus (Covid-19) países, seguindo os protocolos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), desenvolveram medidas adequadas a cada local, a fim de evitar um potencial surto e manter os serviços essenciais funcionando. A indústria, que responde a 20,9% do PIB do país, precisou adequar-se às medidas sanitárias impostas, evitando o fechamento das organizações e o desemprego em massa e prevenindo o contágio entre seus trabalhadores. A indústria alimentícia foi classificada como serviços essenciais, por produzirem insumos fundamentais à vida das pessoas e também para evitar o risco de desabastecimento. Pelo fato do ramo alimentício ser um dos mais importantes para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, este trabalho investigou quais os desafios e os impactos que o Covid-19 ocasionou em indústrias de alimentos na cidade de Pelotas. Sendo assim, foi realizado um estudo multicasos em quatro indústrias da cidade, de diferentes portes e ramos da alimentação, com levantamento de dados e informações através da aplicação de um questionário de pesquisa com os gestores das empresas. Como resultados, observou-se que os principais impactos foram em relação aos insumos, como aumento de preço e atrasos nas entregas, além de quedas nas vendas em duas empresas e em contrapartida, aumento das vendas em uma empresa. Outro impacto importante foi a manutenção dos postos de trabalho, visto que nenhuma organização diminuiu o seu quadro de funcionários e em uma das empresas houve um crescimento em consequência do aumento da demanda.
Editorial
Authors: Iriondo Otero Walter Ruben 
Published: January 2023

É com imenso prazer que apresentamos uma nova edição da Revista Prociências, com a finalidade de divulgar trabalhos científicos desenvolvidos por discentes, docentes, e pesquisadores que abordem a temática Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade, assim como a sua relação com a Inovação, Cidadania, Ética e a Responsabilidade Social, privilegiando a indissociabilidade do Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão.
Dentre os artigos que compõem esta edição da revista, destacamos contribuições vindas da Argentina, Brasil, e Cuba. Da Universidade Aberta Interamericana, na Argentina, nos chega um trabalho que aborda a avaliação da aprendizagem por meio de uma auto pergunta de conteúdo. De Cuba, recebemos uma contribuição proveniente da Universidade Agraria de La Habana, que aborda o modelo de educação a distância daquele país.
Os artigos provenientes do Brasil nesta edição representam uma mudança de paradigma no Centro de Engenharias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, caracterizada pela disseminação do conhecimento da unidade a partir do grau de maturidade adquirido pelos seus cursos. Os artigos abordam temas como a análise do efeito de diferentes disposições dos estais sobre os esforços que são gerados na estrutura de uma ponte estaiada; os desafios e os impactos que a pandemia do Covid-19 ocasionou em indústrias de alimentos na cidade de Pelotas/RS; o mapeamento de processos e a análise de tempos em uma indústria do setor da saúde do Rio Grande do Sul; as contribuições da técnica de gestão de ações 5W3H numa unidade de beneficiamento e armazenagem de grãos; e um mapeamento do processo de cadastro de gerador de resíduos químicos. Agradecemos aos colaboradores pelo envio dos artigos, e à Comissão Científica pela inestimável contribuição relativa às avaliações dos trabalhos.
Cabe destacar que a Revista Prociências recebe trabalhos em fluxo contínuo e aceita, também, propostas para Edições Especiais, no formato de Dossier ou Edição Temática. Encorajamos, portanto, a submissão de trabalhos inéditos e propostas de Edições Especiais para os próximos números da Revista Prociências.
Desejamos a todos uma proveitosa leitura!
Prof. Dr. Walter R. Iriondo Otero Editor