bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering routine admission for children under age 3 undergoing partial tonsillectomy: A prospective study
Authors: Biadsee Ameen , Nathanson Craig , Dagan Or , Kassem Firas , Stahl Avishai , Mishali Tova , Ebner Yaniv , Rotenberg Brian 
Published: September 2023

Background Partial Tonsillectomy (PT) is an alternative method to treat sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and/or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The current guidelines do not differentiate it from traditional tonsillectomy. Thus, children younger than 3 years old undergoing PT are admitted for surveillance similar to traditional tonsillectomy due to possible postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to assess the risks of PT in children 3 years old and younger, compared to older children. Methods Children underwent inpatient partial tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, due to SDB/OSA, from 2018 to 2020. A special protocol was designed, including follow-up at 2-, 4-, 6-, 8- and 24-h after surgery. Variables analyzed included visual analogue pain score, oral intake, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, postoperative hemorrhage, urine output, temperature, analgesics and fluid administration. Furthermore, major interventions were recorded. Comparison of all variables between children younger than 3 years old with older children was performed. Results Ninety-two children were included; mean age of the whole cohort was 44.5 ± 21.9 months. Thirty-five (38%) children were 3-years old or younger and n = 57 (62%) were older than 3 years old, with no significant statistical difference in sex ( p = 0.22). Mean age in the younger group was 25.7 ± 6.9 months, and 56.1 ± 20.1 months in the older group. In total we had 7 children with post-operative complications; 4 with fever, 3 with low intake. There were no major interventions recorded in either group. The complications were more common in the older group (n = 5) than the younger group (n = 2) without a statistical significance ( p = 0.59). There were no differences in VAS, use of painkillers, oral intake, urine output, oxygen saturation and tachycardia among the two groups. Conclusion This study supports that children undergoing ambulatory PT may be at low risk of complications, regardless of age. Graphical Abstract
Laser-activatable oxygen self-supplying nanoplatform for efficiently overcoming colorectal cancer resistance by enhanced ferroptosis and alleviated hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Jiang Hao , Tian Hailong , Wang Zhihan , Li Bowen , Chen Rui , Luo Kangjia , Lu Shuaijun , Nice Edouard C. , Zhang Wei , Huang Canhua , Zhou Yuping , Zheng Shaojiang , Gao Feng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer worldwide, with chemo-resistance remaining a major obstacle in CRC treatment. Notably, the imbalance of redox homeostasis-mediated ferroptosis and the modulation of hypoxic tumor microenvironment are regarded as new entry points for overcoming the chemo-resistance of CRC.

Methods
Inspired by this, we rationally designed a light-activatable oxygen self-supplying chemo-photothermal nanoplatform by co-assembling cisplatin (CDDP) and linoleic acid (LA)-tailored IR820 via enhanced ferroptosis against colorectal cancer chemo-resistance. In this nanoplatform, CDDP can produce hydrogen peroxide in CRC cells through a series of enzymatic reactions and subsequently release oxygen under laser-triggered photothermal to alleviate hypoxia. Additionally, the introduced LA can add exogenous unsaturated fatty acids into CRC cells, triggering ferroptosis via oxidative stress-related peroxidized lipid accumulation. Meanwhile, photothermal can efficiently boost the rate of enzymatic response and local blood flow, hence increasing the oxygen supply and oxidizing LA for enhanced ferroptosis.

Results
This nanoplatform exhibited excellent anti-tumor efficacy in chemo-resistant cell lines and showed potent inhibitory capability in nude mice xenograft models.

Conclusions
Taken together, this nanoplatform provides a promising paradigm via enhanced ferroptosis and alleviated hypoxia tumor microenvironment against CRC chemo-resistance.

Graphical Abstract
Insights into sublethal effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on the biotic potentials of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Irfan , Qadeer Muqadas , Arshad Muhammad , Khalid Samina , Saleem Usman , Riaz Muhammad Asam , Mumtaz Amina , Rizwan Muhammad , Sayed Samy M. , Alhelaify Seham Sater , Alharthy Ohoud Muslat , Mushtaq Muntazir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Entomopathogenic fungi are an important biological agent in integrated pest management, playing a critical role in controlling insect populations. In the present study, the sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), were investigated on the biotic potential of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is a major pest of economically important crops.

Results
Obtained results revealed that exposure to LC50 concentration of M. anisopliae resulted in a significantly longer larval developmental time (3.25–6.45 days) than the control group (2.42–5.49 days). Similarly, pupal duration was longer in the LC50 treatment (8.24 days) than in the control (6.91 days). Adult longevity was also significantly reduced in the LC50 (9.64 days) and LC30 (10.49 days) treatments compared to the control group (11.7 days). The number of eggs laid by female S. frugiperda exposed to LC50 value of M. anisopliae during the immature stages was significantly lower (464.79 eggs) than that in the control groups (696.93 eggs). Furthermore, all population and age-stage-specific parameters were significantly affected by the sublethal exposure to M. anisopliae at LC30 and LC50 values.

Conclusion
These results suggest that sublethal exposure to M. anisopliae negatively impacts the life table parameters of S. frugiperda. However, the use of M. anisopliae at sublethal levels may have potential benefits for integrated pest management strategies seeking to reduce the use of chemicals.
Investigating the importance of EGFR (− 216G/T), Exo1 (K589E) and LEP (− 2548G/A) gene polymorphisms with risk of lung cancer as potential diagnostic biomarker in Iranian population
Authors: Pezeshki Milad , Hosseini Sayed Mostafa , Ansari Jamshid , Ahmadi Azam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
In Iran, lung cancer is the third most common type of cancer and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. Identification informative genetic polymorphisms in cancer causing genes including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as key gene in control of cellular proliferation via intrinsic tyrosine/kinase activity, exonuclease 1 (EXO1) as one of the upregulated gene in different human malignancies and leptin (LEP) participate in carcinogenesis in lung cancer appears to be used as potential genetic markers for predicting lung cancer risk. There is no study about investigate association of the EGFR (− 216G/T), Exo1 (K589E) and LEP (− 2548G/A) gene polymorphisms with risk of lung cancer in Iranian population. The aim of this study was investigating the association of EGFR (− 216G/T), Exo1 (K589E) and LEP (− 2548G/A) gene polymorphisms with risk of lung cancer as a potentially diagnostic biomarker in Iranian population.

Methods
In this case–control study, A total of 100 patients with lung cancer and 100 age and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited into this study and the association between EGFR (− 216G/T), Exo1 (K589E) and LEP (− 2548G/A) gene polymorphisms with the risk of lung cancer was investigated by using PCR–RFLP technique and bioinformatics approach.

Results
The rs712829 of EGFR gene show that a significant statistical difference between G allele and risk of lung cancer (P = 0.001, OR = 2.976, CI = 95%, 1.557–5.691), in contrast, the T allele and TT genotype show a protective role against the risk of lung cancer. Result of in silico analysis indicated that the rs712829 alter splicing and promoter regulation of EGFR gene and associated with the risk of lung cancer. PCR–RFLP result for rs1047840 of Exo1 gene showed that the AA genotype and A allele of this polymorphism associated with risk of lung cancer, whereas the GG genotype show a protective effect against the risk of lung cancer (P = 0.004, OR = 5.391, CI = 95%, 1.690–17.200). On the other hand, in silico analysis showed that the existence of rs1047840 in Exo1 gene influence lung cancer susceptibility. For rs7799039 of LEP gene, PCR–RFLP analysis showed that, there is no significant association between this polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer.

Conclusion
The rs712829 of EGFR gene and rs1047840 of Exo1 are associated with risk of lung cancer among Iranian population and can be used as a potentially candidate biomarker for early detection and primary prevention.
The effect of radioactive iodine therapy on anti-Müllerian hormone changes in women with thyroid cancer at reproductive age: a prospective study
Authors: Hosseini Ali , Lavasani Zohreh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Thyroid cancer is one of the common cancers that, depending on the need for treatment, patients are treated with radioactive iodine after thyroidectomy surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of iodine therapy on the ovarian reserve of women at reproductive ages.

Methods
In this prospective study, 60 patients with thyroid cancer aged 18 to 35 who were undergoing iodine therapy for the first time in 2018–2019 were included in the study. Patients with underlying diseases and any ovarian disorders and patients who needed repeated iodine treatment were excluded from the study. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level of patients was evaluated 4 times before, 3, 6, and 12 months after iodine therapy. The significance level of the P-value study was considered less than 0.05.

Results
The average age of the patients was 29.53 ± 4.53 years. With aging, AMH level decreases significantly. No significant correlation was observed between smoking, menarche age, and abnormal uterine bleeding with AMH level. The average AMH before, 3, 6, and 12 months after iodine therapy was 2.25 ± 0.55 ng/ml, 1.15 ± 0.35 ng/ml, 1.58 ± 0.47 ng/ml, and 1.94 ± 0.58 ng/ml, which has a significant decrease respectively 49.05%, 29.55%, and 13.58% compared to the amount before iodine therapy (P-value < 0.001).

Conclusion
Considering the effect of iodine therapy on the reduction of AMH levels, it is recommended that women of reproductive age group should be evaluated prior to iodine therapy to determine their ovarian reserve level so that if their AMH level is not suitable, they may need to consult with a fertility preservation specialist.
Access and treatment: A national survey of mental health care of children and young people with long-term physical health conditions in England
Authors: Rojas Natalia K. , Ching Brian C. F. , Fifield Kate , Catanzano Matteo , Bennett Sophie D. , Heyman Isobel , Coughtrey Anna E. , Shafran Roz 
Published: September 2023

Background: Co-occurring mental and long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) are common in children and young people (CYP). Aims: To conduct a national survey to understand access to mental health services and treatment for CYP with mental health needs and LTCs. Methods: In July 2020, Freedom of Information requests were sent to 66 trusts. Findings: Average waiting times were slightly shorter in CYP with LTCs and they had more sessions than those without LTCs. Many services offered stepped care. There was insufficient useable data to draw meaningful comparisons between CYP with and without LTCs, with many failing to provide data. Conclusions: Young people with mental health needs and LTCs appear to be falling between gaps in service provision and data collection. Parity of esteem between physical and mental health needs to include parity in how data is collected and recorded.
SEXIT as a screening tool to identify adolescents exposed to or at risk of sexual ill-health and sexual risk taking
Authors: Wilhsson Marie , Törnqvist Lisen , Söderquist Ida , Larsson Margaretha 
Published: September 2023

Background: Mental ill health is increasing among adolescents, and self-injury is one expression of mental ill health. Sexual risk taking among adolescents is often associated with exposure to violence. Sex could be used as a strategy to regulate negative emotions and feelings of emptiness. The health promotion work of school nurses (SNs) can be one way to identify students who are exposed to or at risk of sexual ill-health and sexual risk taking. By using the SEXual health Identification Tool (SEXIT) in health dialogues, SNs can identify students exposed to or at risk of sexual ill-health and sexual risk taking. Aim: To describe SNs’ experience of using SEXIT in health dialogues with students. Methods: An exploratory design was used. Six SNs participated in semi-structured individual interviews, and the data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified: ‘SEXIT provides support and structure’, ‘SEXIT provides conditions for designing a good dialogue’, and ‘working with SEXIT includes managing challenges’. Conclusions: SNs have a critical role in the identification of students with sexual ill-health and sexual risk taking as well as those exposed to violence. SEXIT could be included and systematically used in the health dialogue as it enables a natural dialogue with students about a sensitive topic and creates the prerequisites to identify adolescents at risk of sexual ill health.
Transarterial Chemoembolization-Induced Ischemic Colitis: A Rare Complication Due to Nontarget Embolization
Authors: Selzman Jonathan , Gajendran Mahesh , El Kurdi Bara , Katabathina Venkata , Wright Randy , Umapathy Chandraprakash , Echavarria Juan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Nontarget embolization is a rare complication that may occur after a patient undergoes transarterial chemoembolization as a localized treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. This phenomenon can occur because of variations in arterial blood supply to the liver and ultimately can lead to ischemic complications in unintended locations. We describe a case of nontarget embolization during transarterial chemoembolization causing ischemic colitis because of anatomic variation in the origin of the right hepatic artery. This case highlights the importance of recognizing rare side effects associated with this procedure and the need for comprehensive imaging to assess for anatomical variation to avoid poor outcomes.
Successful Dissolution of a Large Gastric Phytobezoar Through Nonsurgical and Nonendoscopic Fragmentation
Authors: Shah Divya , Ali Qumber , Bernier Kaelin , Gutierrez Victor Arce , Harper Lise 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
A phytobezoar is the result of poorly digestible vegetable matter that accumulates in the gastrointestinal tract often forming a hard mass in the stomach. We present a case of a phytobezoar in a patient without predisposing risk factors, resulting in significant stomach distension initially believed to require high-risk surgical intervention but which ultimately resolved after 3 days of conservative treatment with prokinetic agents. The patient was discharged uneventfully and was recommended a low-fiber diet indefinitely while undergoing further workup for motility disorders.
Safe Use of POEM in a Patient With Decompensated Cirrhosis and Severe Achalasia
Authors: Loh Rebecca , Noverati Nicholas , Goldberg Ilana , Josloff Kevan , Schiavone Grace , Halegoua-DeMarzio Dina , Schlachterman Alexander 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Patients with both achalasia and decompensated cirrhosis can often present a therapeutic challenge because portal hypertension has generally been considered a contraindication to definitive therapies for achalasia. This case report depicts a patient who presented with progressive dysphagia, weight loss, and large-volume ascites; was diagnosed with type II achalasia and decompensated cirrhosis without esophageal varices; and underwent peroral endoscopic myotomy after preprocedural transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement. Our case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care and need for definitive therapies for these complex patients at high risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia.
Invasive Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis
Authors: Zhong Boris , Amundsen Tyson , Farmer Christopher 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Invasive mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that can be devastating in immunosuppressed patients. Gastrointestinal infection is rare, but carries among the highest mortality rates of its major clinical presentations. We present a case of invasive gastrointestinal mucormycosis in a patient who underwent recent chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant. Initial histopathology revealed cytomegalovirus infection, which was treated before subsequent diagnosis of mucormycosis on repeat bowel biopsy. Our case highlights a myriad of risk factors that increase the potential for serious infection by this pervasive fungus.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment and drug burden in elderly chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Erken Neziha , Erken Ertugrul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment, physical limitations, biochemical abnormalities, and vascular aging. The proportion of those with a diagnosis of CKD in the older is increasing. With comprehensive geriatric assessment, it could be possible to detect the disorders that are related to biological aging. The aim is to evaluate geriatric syndromes like frailty, cognitive dysfunction, malnutrition, and polypharmacy in an aged population with pre-dialytic CKD (stages 3a–5), and to investigate possible relations with biochemical features and anticholinergic drug burden (ADB).

Methods
One hundred and fifty-six CKD patients aged 60 and older and 164 healthy controls were included in the study. Geriatric parameters that were used for the evaluation of the groups were, Clinical Frailty Index; Charlson Comorbidity Index; Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form. Besides, biochemical parameters and ADB defined with 3 scales Anticholinergic Burden Classification (ABC), Chew’s scale, and Drug Burden Index were recorded.

Results
Despite being younger, CKD patients had higher comorbidity and frailty scores than the controls. Patients and controls had similar nutritional status, and cognitive function test results. Frailty was an important predictor for geriatric parameters and eGFR. ABC score was higher in the CKD group in ADB scale.

Conclusions
Frailty and polypharmacy are more prevalent than expected in older with CKD. In addition, anticholinergic burden and polypharmacy may form causal links with one and other and lead to increased mortality rates especially with frailty. Therefore, geriatric assessment and appropriate ADB evaluation may be recommended in CKD patients.
Microempreendedor Individual: empresário ou trabalhador “formal” e precário? Uma reflexão teórico-empírica
Authors: Muniz Cícero 
Published: September 2023

O empreendedorismo é um reconhecido fenômeno nas histórias das sociedades capitalistas, mas que vem sendo apontado enquanto um fenômeno “novo” atualmente, devido ao resgate da sua figura e de sua função social, além de sua adoção enquanto política pública para a inserção laboral. Nessa linha, há o estímulo a que trabalhadores se transformem em “empresas” como saída às crises (econômica, do trabalho etc.), desdobrando o empreendedorismo em muitas facetas (autoemprego, trabalho por conta própria, informalidade etc.), que desafiam a reflexão sociológica a respeito da natureza desse processo e de sua conceitualização. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um enquadramento dos empreendedores no mundo do trabalho, a partir de uma reflexão teórica crítica deles diante das figuras do “empresário” e do “trabalhador formal assalariado”. Para tanto, empregamos um enfoque multimétodos, por mobilizar revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, aplicação de questionários mistos exploratórios e realização de grupos focais. Como resultado, observa-se que compreender a natureza daqueles que trabalham no empreendedorismo atravessa esses impactos e traz um paradoxo: se de um lado eles são formalmente microempresários, contando inclusive com alguns direitos sociais, do outro observa-se que essa inserção também carrega um processo de ocultamento das formas de precarização do trabalho. Conclui-se que a consolidação do processo de microempreendedorização pode expressar um processo em curso de constituição de um “novo” tipo de trabalhador, mais flexível, precário e inseguro.
How We Can Travel Faster Than the Speed of Light
Authors: Alvandi Rezvan 
Published: September 2023

Traveling faster than the speed of light in this era is one of the biggest dreams of a human, and it is still unsolved problem, many articles were downloaded about it but all of them were impractical and impossible in my mind, so I started to think about it, and design an experiment, there was related to one of the unsolved problem physics about rest mass and relativity mass. This association illustrates that by converting rest mass to relative mass the speed of observed object could approach to the speed of light or maybe go further. This finding assists to come up with a method to pass milky galaxy and even find any undiscovered galaxy around. According to my research, negative germs are some bacteria that are useful for traveling faster than the speed of light, so by tolerating lots of pressure, once researcher converted herself to a negative germ to travel in time. After this experience, noticed that the time has gone back for 3 hours. This is a fact which was dreamed for many scientists for many years. Indeed, changing into black germ to be able to travel back in time needs a thorough and complicated process which is available at the followings. By producing industrial sample of negative germ, we can go through black hole inside milky galaxy and then link to another black hole in other galaxy. Then talking about Singularity and how these circumstances are fashioned, which is a term of very quick program and at the end it will be explained why maybe rose gold galaxy would be the next destination of human life
PROJECT LEARNDEMIC (Learning Assessment and Reading Development through Enhanced Modified Intervention and Collaboration)
Authors: D. Engada Johnny , Maguate Guarin 
Published: September 2023

The CoViD-19 pandemic has brought serious impact to the various sectors of society especially in education where teachers experience difficulties in the teaching-learning process with their learners. Due to lack of internet connection, teachers of Ansulag Elementay School opted to use modular distance learning delivery mode where learners have to answer every activity or learning task provided in their module at home and submit such to their teacher as scheduled without the usual teacher-learner interactions. This affect learners’ access to quality instruction that affect their learning outcome. Thus, the learning gap between the abilities that learners would have developed in the context of standard educational practice and their actual learning is significantly noted. In line with the 2021 National Reading Month was themed “Bawat Bata Bumabasa Sa Kabila ng Hamon ng Pandemya,” (Every Child Reading Despite the Challenge of the Pandemic) as per DepEd Memorandum No.348, s.2021, the innovators crafted a reading innovation which is the Project LEARNDEMIC (Learning Assessment and Reading Development through Enhanced Modified Intervention and Collaboration). This is aligned with ECARP- Every Child A Reader Program, 3Bs or Bawat Bata Bumabasa, the Regional Innovation banner program: LIBRO or Literacy Initiatives Bridging Reading Opportunities and the division banner program E-RENE (Enhancement of REading and Numeracy towards Excellence). All these initiatives is in support to the DepEd’s mission and vision as well as the regional mantra that every child a champion as per RM Order No.753 s.2021.