bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous optimization of design and maintenance for systems using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and discrete simulation
Authors: Cacereño Andrés , Greiner David , Galván Blas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhen projecting and building new industrial facilities, getting integrated design alternatives and maintenance strategies are of critical importance to achieve the physical assets optimal performance, which is needed to be competitive in the actual global markets. Coupling Evolutionary Algorithms with Discrete Event Simulation has been explored both in relation to systems design and their maintenance strategy. However, it was not simultaneously considered when both the corrective and the preventive maintenance—consisting of achieving the optimum period of time to carry out a preventive maintenance activity—are taken into account before being considered by the authors of the present paper. This work couples Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms with Discrete Event Simulation in order to enhance the knowledge and efficiency of the methodology presented, which consists of exploring and optimizing simultaneously systems design alternatives and their preventive maintenance strategies. The aim consists of finding the best set of non-dominated solutions by using the system availability (first maximized objective function) with taking into consideration associated operational cost (second minimized objective function), while automatically selecting the system devices. Each solution proposed by the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm is analyzed by using Discrete Event Simulation in a procedure that looks at the effect of including periodic preventive maintenance activities all along the mission time. An industrial application case study is solved, and a comparison of the performance of five state-of-the-art and three more recently developed Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms is handled; moreover, the gap in the literature reviewed about the analysis regarding the effect of the discrete event simulation sampling size is faced with useful insights about the synergies of Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms and Discrete Event Simulation. Finally, the methodology is expanded to more complex systems which are successfully solved.
Why Health-enhancing Nudges Fail
Authors: Schramme Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNudges are means to influence the will formation of people to make specific choices more likely. My focus is on nudges that are supposed to improve the health condition of individuals and populations over and above the direct prevention of disease. I point out epistemic and moral problems with these types of nudges, which lead to my conclusion that health-enhancing nudges fail. They fail because we cannot know which choices enhance individual health—properly understood in a holistic way—and because health-enhancing nudges are often themselves bad for our health. They can be bad for our health because they assume inferior agency in their targets and accordingly regularly lead to appropriate resentment and anger—strong emotions which go along with an increased risk of health impairments. Briefly, health-enhancing nudges fail because they are based on persistent ignorance and on a presumptuous attitude.
Divergent selection and climate adaptation fuel genomic differentiation between sister species of Sphagnum (peat moss)
Authors: Piatkowski Bryan , Weston David J , Aguero Blanka , Duffy Aaron , Imwattana Karn , Healey Adam L , Schmutz Jeremy , Shaw A Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
New plant species can evolve through the reinforcement of reproductive isolation via local adaptation along habitat gradients. Peat mosses (Sphagnaceae) are an emerging model system for the study of evolutionary genomics and have well-documented niche differentiation among species. Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that the globally distributed species Sphagnum magellanicum is a complex of morphologically cryptic lineages that are phylogenetically and ecologically distinct. Here, we describe the architecture of genomic differentiation between two sister species in this complex known from eastern North America: the northern S. diabolicum and the largely southern S. magniae.

Methods
We sampled plant populations from across a latitudinal gradient in eastern North America and performed whole genome and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. These sequencing data were then analyzed computationally.

Key Results
Using sliding-window population genetic analyses we find that differentiation is concentrated within ‘islands’ of the genome spanning up to 400 kb that are characterized by elevated genetic divergence, suppressed recombination, reduced nucleotide diversity and increased rates of non-synonymous substitution. Sequence variants that are significantly associated with genetic structure and bioclimatic variables occur within genes that have functional enrichment for biological processes including abiotic stress response, photoperiodism and hormone-mediated signalling. Demographic modelling demonstrates that these two species diverged no more than 225 000 generations ago with secondary contact occurring where their ranges overlap.

Conclusions
We suggest that this heterogeneity of genomic differentiation is a result of linked selection and reflects the role of local adaptation to contrasting climatic zones in driving speciation. This research provides insight into the process of speciation in a group of ecologically important plants and strengthens our predictive understanding of how plant populations will respond as Earth’s climate rapidly changes.
Extent of intraspecific trait variability in ecologically central and marginal populations of a dominant alpine plant across European mountains
Authors: Turtureanu Pavel Dan , Pușcaș Mihai , Podar Dorina , Balázs Zoltán Robert , Hurdu Bogdan-Iuliu , Novikov Andriy , Renaud Julien , Saillard Amélie , Bec Stéphane , Șuteu Dana , Băcilă Ioan , Choler Philippe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Studying trait variability and restricted gene flow between populations of species can reveal species dynamics. Peripheral populations commonly exhibit lower genetic diversity and trait variability due to isolation and ecological marginality, unlike central populations experiencing gene flow and optimal conditions. This study focused on Carex curvula, the dominant species in alpine acidic meadows of European mountain regions. The species is sparser in dry areas such as the Pyrenees and Balkans, compared to the Central–Eastern Alps and Carpathians. We hypothesized that distinct population groups could be identified based on their mean functional trait values and their correlation with the environment; we predicted that ecologically marginal populations would have stronger trait correlations, lower within-population trait variability (intraspecific trait variability, ITV) and lower genetic diversity than populations of optimal habitats.

Methods
Sampling was conducted in 34 populations that spanned the entire distribution range of C. curvula. We used hierarchical clustering to identify emergent functional groups of populations, defined by combinations of multiple traits associated with nutrient economy and drought tolerance (e.g. specific leaf area, anatomy). We contrasted the geographical distribution of these groups in relation to environment and genetic structure. We compared pairwise trait relationships, within-population trait variation (ITV) and neutral genetic diversity between groups.

Key Results
Our study identified emergent functional groups of populations. Those in the southernmost ranges, specifically the Pyrenees and Balkan region, showed drought-tolerant trait syndromes and correlated with indicators of limited water availability. While we noted a decline in population genetic diversity, we did not observe any significant changes in ITV in ecologically marginal (peripheral) populations.

Conclusions
Our research exemplifies the relationship between ecological marginality and geographical peripherality, which in this case study is linked to genetic depauperation but not to reduced ITV. Understanding these relationships is crucial for understanding the biogeographical factors shaping trait variation.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis With Liver Fibrosis as Predictors of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in People With HIV: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Han Win Min , Apornpong Tanakorn , Lwin Hay Mar Su , Thammapiwan Siwat , Boonrungsirisap Jedsadakorn , Gatechompol Sivaporn , Ubolyam Sasiwimol , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Kerr Stephen J , Avihingsanon Anchalee 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
We investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) plus or minus a concurrent diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk factors associated with NAFLD or NASH development.

Methods
In this prospective study, we analyzed people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) aged ≥18 years without excessive alcohol consumption or hepatitis coinfections. NAFLD was defined as controlled attenuation parameter ≥248 dB/m, whereas NASH with significant disease activity and liver fibrosis was defined as a FibroScan-AST score ≥0.67. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to investigate the association between NAFLD with or without NASH and new-onset DM.

Results
Of 847 PWH, the median age at baseline was 45 years (interquartile range, 38–51; 43% female). Baseline NAFLD was associated with 2.8-fold higher risk of new-onset DM after adjusting for age, sex, family history of DM, antiretroviral therapy duration, smoking, statin use, stavudine/didanosine/zidovudine exposure, time-updated body mass index, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Combined NAFLD and NASH at baseline had 3.1-fold higher new-onset DM risk. In separate analyses, baseline DM did not predict progression to NAFLD or NASH, but tenofovir alafenamide use was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–4.02) or NASH development (2.31; 95% CI, 1.12–5.11).

Conclusions
NAFLD alone or combined with NASH strongly predicts new-onset DM. This highlights the need for systematic risk assessments and management of NAFLD/NASH, as it may contribute to metabolic complications such as DM and subsequent cardiovascular diseases in PWH.
Efficacy of acupuncture versus rehabilitation therapy on post-stroke shoulder pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhan Jie , Luo Ying , Mao Wenjin , Zhu Leying , Xu Fanfeng , Wang Yuan , Chen Hongxia , Zhan Lechang 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy (RT) have been widely used for post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP), but the efficacy of acupuncture versus RT remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of acupuncture versus RT for PSSP.

Methods:
Six databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese biological medicine database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and WAN FANG were searched from their inception to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acupuncture with RT on PSSP were included. Primary outcome was shoulder pain. Secondary outcomes were upper limb motor function, activities of daily living (ADL), and adverse events (AEs). We used RevMan Version 5.3 to pool data. We conducted data synthesis of all outcomes using the random effects model. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed by 2 independent reviewers using the risk of bias (ROB) assessment tool. We also performed subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. We assessed the publication bias using the Egger test and funnel plots.

Results:
Eighteen studies were included in qualitative synthesis, fifteen (83%) studies with 978 patients were included in meta-analysis (MA) because of the outcomes of 3 studies were inappropriate. Nine (50%) studies were considered as moderate to high quality according to ROB assessment tool. The effectiveness of acupuncture for patients with PSSP was similar to that of RT on shoulder pain alleviation (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.91 to 0.08, P = .10), improvement of upper limb motor function (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.80, 95% CI: −1.19 to 2.79, P = .43), and ADL (WMD: −0.83, 95% CI: −3.17 to 1.51, P = .49). Two (11%) studied reported no acupuncture-related AEs, and fourteen (78%) studies did not mention AEs resulting from acupuncture.

Conclusions:
Acupuncture is similar to RT in relieving shoulder pain, improving upper limb motor function and ADL in patients with PSSP. Either acupuncture or RT might be the optimal treatment of PSSP. More well-designed RCTs of this topic are needed in the future.
Schizophrenia polygenic risk score and type 2 diabetes onset in older adults with no schizophrenia diagnosis
Authors: Shamsutdinova Diana , Ajnakina Olesya , Roberts Angus , Stahl Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
An association between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and schizophrenia has long been observed, and recent research revealed presence of shared genetic factors. However, epidemiological evidence was inconsistent, some reported insignificant contribution of genetic factors to T2DM-schizophrenia comorbidity. Prior works studied people with schizophrenia, particularly, antipsychotic-naive patients, or those during the first psychotic experience to limit schizophrenia-related environmental factors. In contrast, we controlled such factors by utilizing a general population sample of individuals undiagnosed with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that if schizophrenia genetics impact T2DM development and such impact is not fully mediated by schizophrenia-related environment, people with high polygenic schizophrenia risk would exhibit elevated T2DM incidence.

Methods
Using a population-representative sample of adults aged ≥50 from English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 5968, 493 T2DM cases, average follow-up 8.7 years), we investigated if schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PGS-SZ) is associated with T2DM onset. A proportional hazards model with interval censoring was adjusted for age and sex (Model 1), and age, sex, BMI, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, exercise, smoking, depressive symptoms and T2DM polygenic risk score (Model 2). According to the power calculations, hazard rates > 1.14 per standard deviation in PGS-SZ could be detected.

Results
We did not observe a significant association between PGS-SZ and T2DM incidence (hazard ratio 1.04; 95% CI 0.93–1.15; and 1.01, 95% CI 0.94–1.09).

Conclusion
Our results suggest low contribution of the intrinsic biological mechanisms driven by the polygenic risk of schizophrenia on future T2DM onset. Further research is needed.
Perspectives of registered nurses towards communication with family members of hospitalized older people with a tracheostomy: a qualitative study
Authors: Tabootwong Watchara , Chantakeeree Chonticha , Pokasem Boonyapa , Piboon Kanchana , Niemtest Jaturada Jariyarattanakul , Karuna Sasithorn 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the perspectives of registered nurses towards communication with family members of older people with a tracheostomy.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative design was used. Ten participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were used in collecting data. Data were analysed by thematic analysis.

Findings
The four themes identified were as follows: communication by considering time difference; considering factors related to effective communication, either family member–related factors or registered nurse–related factors; strategies of communicating to support family members, such as giving an opportunity to ask for accurate information, communicating to build self-confidence and communicating through cases; and using the art of communication by speaking slowly and clearly, using colloquialisms, being steady and calm, as well as using positive language.

Practical implications
Having strategies and using the art of communication are important to help family members in obtaining accurate information and in building self-confidence in the care of older people.

Originality/value
The paper indicates that registered nurses consider factors related to communication, and they gave more information to family members using effective strategies and the art of communication. Therefore, effective communication training to nursing teams should be performed to promote adherence to treatment and family members’ satisfaction.
Political ranking in hierarchy and receipt of a comment letter: Evidence from China
Authors: Feng Xunan , Wei Dengxi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of political ranking in hierarchy on the probability that a firm will receive comment letters in China. We find that state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) are less likely to receive comment letters compared to non‐SOE firms, and the probability of receiving a letter is even lower for central government‐controlled firms. These results demonstrate that political hierarchy is a significant factor in determining the receipt of comment letters. In addition, alternative proxies for political ranking yield similar findings. Lastly, our further analysis suggest that the level of marketisation and media coverage can significantly influence the results, indicating that a highly developed market may alleviate the negative effect of political ranking.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging study during resting state and visual oddball task in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kemik Kerem , Ada Emel , Çavuşoğlu Berrin , Aykaç Cansu , Emek‐Savaş Derya Durusu , Yener Görsev 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a transitional state between normal aging and dementia, and identifying early biomarkers is crucial for disease detection and intervention. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to identify changes in neural activity in MCI.MethodsWe investigated neural activity changes in the visual network of the aMCI patients (n:20) and healthy persons (n:17) using resting‐state fMRI and visual oddball task fMRI. We used independent component analysis to identify regions of interest and compared the activity between groups using a false discovery rate correction.ResultsResting‐state fMRI revealed increased activity in the areas that have functional connectivity with the visual network, including the right superior and inferior lateral occipital cortex, the right angular gyrus and the temporo‐occipital part of the right middle temporal gyrus (p‐FDR = 0.008) and decreased activity in the bilateral thalamus and caudate nuclei, which are part of the frontoparietal network in the aMCI group (p‐FDR = 0.002). In the visual oddball task fMRI, decreased activity was found in the right frontal pole, the right frontal orbital cortex, the left superior parietal lobule, the right postcentral gyrus, the right posterior part of the supramarginal gyrus, the right superior part of the lateral occipital cortex, and the right angular gyrus in the aMCI group.ConclusionOur results suggest the alterations in the visual network are present in aMCI patients, both during resting‐state and task‐based fMRI. These changes may represent early biomarkers of aMCI and highlight the importance of assessing visual processing in cognitive impairment. However, future studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these findings.
Soil carbon sequestration in global working lands as a gateway for negative emission technologies
Authors: Almaraz Maya , Simmonds Maegen , Boudinot F. Garrett , Di Vittorio Alan V. , Bingham Nina , Khalsa Sat Darshan S. , Ostoja Steven , Scow Kate , Jones Andrew , Holzer Iris , Manaigo Erin , Geoghegan Emily , Goertzen Heath , Silver Whendee L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ongoing climate crisis merits an urgent need to devise management approaches and new technologies to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (GHG) in the near term. However, each year that GHG concentrations continue to rise, pressure mounts to develop and deploy atmospheric CO2 removal pathways as a complement to, and not replacement for, emissions reductions. Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) practices in working lands provide a low‐tech and cost‐effective means for removing CO2 from the atmosphere while also delivering co‐benefits to people and ecosystems. Our model estimates suggest that, assuming additive effects, the technical potential of combined SCS practices can provide 30%–70% of the carbon removal required by the Paris Climate Agreement if applied to 25%–50% of the available global land area, respectively. Atmospheric CO2 drawdown via SCS has the potential to last decades to centuries, although more research is needed to determine the long‐term viability at scale and the durability of the carbon stored. Regardless of these research needs, we argue that SCS can at least serve as a bridging technology, reducing atmospheric CO2 in the short term while energy and transportation systems adapt to a low‐C economy. Soil C sequestration in working lands holds promise as a climate change mitigation tool, but the current rate of implementation remains too slow to make significant progress toward global emissions goals by 2050. Outreach and education, methodology development for C offset registries, improved access to materials and supplies, and improved research networks are needed to accelerate the rate of SCS practice implementation. Herein, we present an argument for the immediate adoption of SCS practices in working lands and recommendations for improved implementation.
Health‐related quality of life (hrQoL) among patients with primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA): A systematic review
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Wilborn Doris , Lintzeri Dimitra‐Aikaterini , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCicatricial alopecia may lead to an enormous emotional burden, social distress, and psychological impairment affecting the quality of life. The objective of this review is to systematically describe the health‐related quality of life in adults with primary cicatricial alopecia and its subtypes. Studies that (i) reported quality of life in patients with primary cicatricial alopecia or its subtypes; (ii) were original research and not a conference abstract or review (iii) with patients >18 years of age were included in the review. The studies not mentioning quality of life specifically for the cicatricial alopecia cohort were excluded. We searched for literature via OVID in Medline and Embase, in Web of Science, CINAHL, EBSCO (APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, and PSYNDEX Literature), in the Cochrane Library and for grey literature from its inception date till 12 November 2022. The risk of bias was assessed by using the AXIS tool for cross‐sectional studies by two independent authors. Thirteen observational cross‐sectional and one single‐arm study, including 572 patients and eight different instruments, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results are descriptively synthesized, and associated factors of quality of life are presented. The data from studies that used the Dermatology Life Quality Index tool (DLQI) showed that more than 70% of the patients have an impaired life quality. While trichodynia and anxiety have a negative effect on the quality of life, disease duration, education, employment, and marital status have no effect. The findings were inconsistent for other factors. Most of these studies failed to justify the sample size. Furthermore, the risk of bias assessment could not surely rule out a non‐response bias. Our results suggest that cicatricial alopecia treatments must be integrated with psychosocial intervention and indicate the need for further research with homogenous and more comprehensive tools to identify and address this patient population's unmet mental health needs.