bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El camino para abolir el sempiterno tratado Uribe-Vargas Ozores
Authors: Chávez Rodríguez Yovani Edgar 
Published: August 2023

El Tratado Uribe-Vargas Ozores de 1979, también conocido como Tratado de Montería, es un tratado internacional entre la República de Panamá y la República de Colombia. Este tratado concede el pasaje sin costo para los buques de guerra colombianos, los productos básicos y el derecho legal de cruzar el Canal de Panamá sin pagar, así como el derecho a usar los sistemas ferroviarios en caso de cualquier interrupción de la vía fluvial. De manera anormal, este tratado no estableció un día de vencimiento, lo que lo hace interminable.
Sin embargo, la República de Panamá, con base en la Convención de Viena de 1969 sobre el Derecho de los Tratados, puede iniciar los trámites judiciales para cambiar esta prerrogativa para Colombia. En ese sentido, es muy probable que Colombia recurra a sanciones comerciales y una intensa guerra batalla legal que infligiría graves daños a la industria aérea y al sistema bancario de Panamá, dada la interpretación de Colombia de sus derechos históricos percibidos sobre el Canal de Panamá.
Principles of law: Methodological approaches to understanding in the context of modern globalization transformations
Authors: Leheza Yevhen , Nalyvaiko Larysa , Sachko Oleksandr , Shcherbyna Victor , Chepik-Trehubenko Olha 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the research is to highlight methodological approaches to understanding principles of law in the context of modern globalization transformations. Their ontological, epistemological and axiological nature are revealed, in particular, links of the principles of law with human existence, science and other ways of world perception are being traced. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, through the application of this method considered were legal, functional, organizational and procedural aspects of methodological approaches to understanding of principles of law in the context of modern globalization transformations. Conclusions. The classification of the principles of law was singled out and a brief description of their types — universal principles, civilizational principles, and right-family principles and possibilities of separating principles of the national legal system was provided.
Key words: principles of law, ontological nature, epistemological nature, axiological nature, science, classification, universal principles.
Knowledge of Oral Biopsy Procedure among Dental Interns at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Keshwar Shashi , Shrestha Ashish , Sarraf Deependra Prasad 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Various diagnostic procedures are available to reach a diagnosis in case of oral lesions. Biopsy is one of the important tools for confirmatory diagnosis. It becomes imperative not only for dentists but future dentists to have adequate knowledge regarding oral biopsy procedures.
Objective: To assess the knowledge of oral biopsy procedure among dental interns.
Methodology: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among interns at College of Dental Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. A questionnaire was prepared and Google Form link was shared with the signed-up participants via messaging apps; Viber and WhatsApp. The descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016.
Results: Out of 54 participants, 53 (98.15%) and 50 (92.5%) of the interns knew about incisional and excisional biopsy respectively. Only 27 (50%) of them responded that every lesion should be sent for histopathological examination. Only 25 (46.3%) of the interns were aware that the removal of tissue by laser or electrosurgery can introduce artefacts or tissue distortion and 27 (50%) responded that punch biopsy generally produces few artefacts within the biopsied sample. Seventy seven percent of the interns responded that volume of the fixative should be two times the volume of the biopsy specimen, while 15 (27.78%) responded that normal saline could be used as a fixative.
Conclusion: The present study revealed, dental interns had a good understanding regarding oral biopsy and also highlighted the need for further training and modifications in curriculum.
Pattern and Outcome of Otolaryngological and Facial Injury in Road Traffic Accidents at a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Thakur Sanjeev Kumar , Aryal Gyan Raj , Thakur Rishikesh , Ghimire Nisha 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Otolaryngological trauma is prevalent in road traffic accidents (RTA), with or without multiple organ injuries.
Objective: The aim was to report the number and pattern of otolaryngological injuries in cases of road traffic accidents (RTA) and their outcome.
Methodology: A prospective study over one year of cases of RTA was done. The pattern and outcome of the otolaryngological and facial injury was recorded.
Result: Out of 90 cases, 69(76.66%) were male, 21 (23.33%) were female. The mean age was 32.33 ±13Yrs.The mean time of presentation to emergency was 16.24 ±19.61hrs. Motor vehicle accident was more common, 75 (83.33%). Multiple injury was found in 68(75.55%) cases. Among 89 cases with ear problem, common complaints were hearing loss, 20(22.47%), otalgia, 17(19.1%) and laceration of pinna 13(14.6%). Ear complications were seen in16 (17.97 %) cases . Among 55 cases of nose/face injury, common presentation were epistaxis, 20 (36.36%) and nasal bone fracture, 12 (21.81%). Nasal complications were found in 8 (14.54%) cases. In 32 cases of neck/throat trauma, laceration was found in 11 (34.37%) cases. 4(12.5%) cases had undergone tracheostomy. Complications (stenosis and hoarseness) were found in 6(18.75%) cases. Patients who required admission were 81(90%).
Conclusion: Motor vehicle accidents were more common. It was commoner in male. Ear was most commonly affected by injury and complications. The complication of nose and neck/throat was associated with prolonged admission.
Quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury treated in tertiary care centers in Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Bikash , Acharya Khagendra , Shrestha Jemina , Dhakal Raju 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes a significant challenge to the quality of life (QoL). People with SCI perceive the overall QoL at a lower level in comparison to normal individuals.
Objective: This study aims to access the QoL among individuals with SCI and identify factors affecting the QoL.
Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was done in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital (DH, KUH), and Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Center (SIRC), Sanga, Nepal. All the individuals above 18 years with SCI of at least 3 months from trauma seeking treatment in DH, KUH, or SIRC from June 2019 to May 2021 were included. We utilized the WHO quality of life questionnaires (WHOQOL–BREF) for assessing the QoL.
Result: The mean age was 32.95 ± 11.7 years with the majority being males (74.5%). The majority had ASIA Impairment Scale grade A. The social health domain had the highest mean raw and transformed score (13.87 ± 3.13 and 61.7 ± 19.59 respectively). The transformed total QoL score was 50.76±29.76. Only 22 individuals (15.6%) had a transformed total score of > 60 signifying good/ satisfactory QoL.
Conclusion: There is a high rate of poor/ unsatisfactory QoL in individuals with SCI in Nepal. Female gender, married status, loss of relative during trauma, ASIA injury severity (AIS) A or B during admission, and no improvement in AIS grade after treatment are significant predictors of poor/ unsatisfactory QoL. Physical health, compared to psychological, social, and environmental health, correlates highest with the transformed total score.
Periodontal Practice and Referral of Patients by General Dental Practitioners in Province No.1 Nepal
Authors: Acharya Pujan , Gautam Ujwal 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: General dental practitioners and periodontists working in a close alliance is considered to bestow effective outcome in the context of diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases. Recently, general practitioners are inclined to render the majority of non-surgical procedures by themselves and avoid surgical part. This obscures functional as well as esthetic demand contributing to periodontally challenged conditions. In advanced stages, no matter how efficiently a skilled periodontist handles the case, redemption is not possible.
Objectives: To assess the periodontal practice and referral of patients by general dental practitioners to periodontists.
Methodology: An online survey using Google Forms was conducted among the general dental practitioners working in private clinics in province no.1, Nepal from November 2021 to January 2022. A total of 64 general dental practitioners were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated.
Results: The response rate for the present study was 51.2% out of which only 17.2% referred patients to periodontists for non-surgical periodontal therapy and scaling was the most performed procedure by all the practitioners themselves. However, 92.2% referred patients to periodontists for surgical procedures and a majority of the referrals were for mucogingival surgeries. Majority of them expressed satisfaction regarding the number of continuing dental education programs being conducted despite minimum participation.
Conclusion: Majority of the general dental practitioners seemed to perform non-surgical periodontal therapy by themselves while considering referral for surgical interventions. Also, minimum participation despite remarkable satisfaction in the conduction of continuing education programmes calls for a need to explore the inadequacy.
Comparative analysis of Azardica indica, Mentha piperita and Camellia sinensis aqueous leaf extract against Enterococcus faecalis (oral pathogen)
Authors: Habib Atoofa 
Published: August 2023

Azardica indica has been widely used in Ayurvedic and unani medicines worldwide especially in Indian subcontinent for treatment and prevention of various diseases. Mentha pipetita commonly known as mint is cultivated all over the world due to its domestic as well as therapeutic value. Camellia sinensis on the other hand has become essential for weight management because of presence of certain phytochemicals. Clinical studies have suggested that active compounds present in all these plants possess a positive impact in reducing the bacterial growth caused by Enterococcus faecalis in tooth. Different concentration of extracts and zones of inhibition were measured. Among all the three extract the maximum zone of inhibition was shown by Azardica indica hence proved to be the best antibiotic against oral pathogen.
Importance of Yoga Asana
Authors: Gill Dorthy , Singh Damanpreet 
Published: August 2023

In routine, yoga is an exercise system comprised of eight levels of accomplishment in the areas of physical, mental, social, and spiritual intelligence. When we are physiologically healthy, our minds are clear, focused, and under control of stress. When you are healthy, you have a deeper connection with your inner self, with others, and with your surroundings, which contributes to your spiritual intelligence. "Yoga" is a Sanskrit word that means "to join, to unite." Yoga exercises have a holistic and natural effect, balancing the body, mind, consciousness, and spirit. Yoga asanas are more efficient and advantageous for humans. Yogic actions are simple, which are beneficial for the body's organs, eliminate body rigidity, and make our bodies flexible. It revitalises the body and eliminates maladies related to the body. Yoga is not merely an exercise; it is a way of life that strives for 'a healthy mind in a healthy body' The human body is a tool that is based on the secular and spiritual actions of the soul; therefore, it is necessary to use it correctly for the advancement of our selves; otherwise, problems in the human body may impede spiritual advancement. Yoga influences both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Asana is most essential for physical, mental, and spiritual rehabilitation functions. Yoga facilitates adaptation at the physical, psychological, and social levels of an individual's functioning. Asana eliminates maladies of the body and mental transgressions.
The relationship between COPD attack applications and air pollution and temparature in the emergency department
Authors: YILMAZ BAŞER Hülya , CAN Hale Nur 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the relationship between air pollution, temperature and COPD attacks in two different centers.
Materials and methods: Two centers, Bandırma and Van, were included in the study. In addition, temperature grouping was also done. Air pollution and temperature values were obtained from official sites. COPD data were scanned retrospectively from hospital information management systems.
Results: In the first 3 months (Group 1) included in the study, the PM10 value, the number of COPD treatment in the emergency department (ED) and the number of COPD hospitalizations in the ED were also found to be high in Van (p=0.05, p=0.05 and p=0.034, respectively). In the last 3 months (Group 2) period included in the study, it was observed that the mean temperature was lower in Van, and the rate of hospitalizations and hospitalizations due to COPD were higher in Van (p=0.05, p=0.05, and p=0.05, respectively). In the correlation analysis, a strong positive correlation was found between PM10 value and COPD treatment and hospitalization for COPD in Group 1 (r;0.986, p
Peramalan Angka Kelahiran Total di Indonesia dengan Menggunakan Metode Double Exponential Smoothing Brown
Authors: Sulantari Sulantari , Islahi Balqis Aabidah , Alifia Fitriyatul 
Published: August 2023

Indonesia adalah salah terbesar keempat dengan penduduk terbanyak yakni mencapai 274.790.244 Jiwa. Negara wajib mengelola jumlah penduduknya, salah satu caranya yakni dengan melihat dan mengelola angka kelahiran total (TFR). Angka kelahiran total (TFR) menggambarkan rata-rata jumlah anak yang dilahirkan hidup oleh satu orang wanita selama masa reproduksinya (15 - 49 th). Angka TFR Indonesia selama tahun 1990 – 2022 telah mengalami penurunan sebesar 30.64%. pada tahun 1990 angka TFR Indonesia sebesar 3.1, dan pada tahun 2022 angka TFR Indonesia menjadi 2.19. penurunan angka TFR ini perlu menjadi perhatian negara Indonesia, jangan sampai angka TFR Indonesia terus mengalami menurun sampai berada dibawah nilai ideal angka TFR sebesar 2.1. penurunan angka TFR bisa berakibat penurunan jumlah penduduk pada masa mendatang. Saat ini, banyak negara maju di dunia mengalami resesi seks, yang berakibat kepada jumlah kehiran total yang menurun. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilkukan peramalan data pada angka TFR Indonesia, sehingga bisa diketahui prediksi angka TFR untuk masa depan. Metode Exponential Smoothing satu Parameter Brown Salah satu metode peramalan yang dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan angka kelahran total (TFR). dari penelitian ini, siperoleh hasil bahwa metode yang tepat digunakan adalah metode Double Expoenntial Smoothing Satu Parameter Brown (?=0.9). Dengan nilai peramalan pada tahun 2023 adalah sebesar 2.13, dan angka TFR ini diramalkan akan terus mengalami penurunan, bahakn sampai tahun 2050 angka TFR Indonesia sebesar 1.59. Metode ini menghasilkan nilai MAE sebesar 0.02272, SSE sebesar 0.03058, MSE sebesar 0.00099, dan MAPE sebesar 0.88940.
Peerless Dulcinea, Love of God, and Shoah
Authors: Postoutenko Kirill 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Building upon the extended notion of conceptual history as a diachronic study of conceptual interactions, the article begins with deconstructing the paradoxical semantic core of incomparability statements that, it is claimed, endows them with a capacity of stabilizing social semantics. By declaring certain foundational values—positive (Shoah) or negative (God)—“incomparable” and thus immune to the challenges of cross-evaluation, the users of discourse uphold the boundaries of civilized society. On a smaller scale, this exclusion of competitive valuation is undergirded by the ascription of “incomparability” to the small pool of political and cultural figures, literary artifacts, social events, and representative allegories. The conclusion outlines the social contingency of conventions regulating the ascriptions of “incomparability” against the backdrop of their discursive stability across genres, epochs, and languages.
Psychological Well Being Perilaku Anorexia Nervosa pada Mahasiswi
Authors: Nurulita Nia , Fadillah Galih Fajar 
Published: August 2023

Kesejahteraan psikologis atau psychological well being merupakan atribut psikologi yang perlu dikenal dan diperhatikan bagi perkembangan mahasiswi dewasa ini. Psychological Well Being erat kaitannya dengan kemampuan mahasiswi untuk mengembangkan diri di lingkungan kampus melalui kemampuan yang dimilikinya, alih-alih mempermasalahkan kekurangan dalam dirinya. Sebagai seorang mahasiswi tentu memiliki hambatan dan tantangan yang berbeda-beda. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswi adalah perilaku anorexia nervosa. Pada studi pendahuluan peneliti menjumpai beberapa mahasiswi mengindikasikan berperilaku anorexia nervosa, dengan alasan untuk menjaga penampilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi psychological well being perilaku anorexia nervosa pada mahasiswi.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif fenomenologi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Wisma-wisma Desa Pucangan, Kartasura pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2020. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiwi yang berperilaku anorexianervosa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan observasi. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triagulasi teknik. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mahasiswi dengan perilaku anorexia nervosa cenderung kurang sejahtera secara psikologis akibat adanya tindakan body shaming yang menimbulkan mahasiswi tersebut kurang percaya diri di lingkungannya sehingga tidak dapat memaksimalkan potensinya. Mahasiswi dengan perilaku anorexia nervosa memiliki dimensi psychological well being yang sudah terbentuk pada aspek hubungan positif dengan orang lain dan tujuan hidup. Dimensi psychological well being pada kondisi berkembang yakni pada dimensi otonomi dan pertumbuhan pribadi. Dimensi psychological well being yang belum terbentuk pada penerimaan diri dan penguasaan terhadap lingkungan. Sehingga sangat diperlukan dukungan dari lingkungan untuk bisa meningkatkan penerimaan diri pada mahasiswa dengan perilaku anorexia nervosa.
Prevalence of immunological marker (Anti-GAD) in patients with type 1 diabetes : hospital based study
Authors: Thabit Maral F. , Abduljabbar Hana A. , Abid Shayma G. 
Published: August 2023

Background: type 1diabetes (T1DM) is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, leading to permanent insulin deficiency ,categorized as either being positive or negative for various auto antibodies related to pancreatic function .An anti glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody(Anti-GAD) is recognized as one of the major serological markers for type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Objectives: to determine the prevalence of the immunological marker (Anti-GAD) among a sample of type1diabetus mellitus patients and to identify some factors that might be associated with its seroposivity.
Method: A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out during February to May, 2011 in specialized diabetic clinic of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad .The study sample included 120 type1diabetus patients for whom(Anti-GAD) had been determined, patients reports were studied and analyzed statistically.
Results: The demographic characteristics of this studied sample with higher percentage 57.5% of females, 46.7%in the age group 10-14 years, 12.5% had family history of other autoimmune diseases and the majority 69.2% had healthy Body Mass Index (BMI).while the clinical characteristics revealed higher percentage 47% with onset of the disease (5-9) years, 64.2% having a duration of disease (1-4)years ,86.7% presented with classical type of presentation and 52.5% had good control of diabetes . The prevalence of Anti-GAD in this studied sample was 66.7%. Seropositivity of Anti-GAD was significantly associated with delayed age of patients at diagnosis with mean age (7.5± 3.25) years, short duration of the diseases with mean (3.85±2.57) years, female gender (65%) compared to (35%) of male gender had positive Anti-GAD test, while seropositivity of Anti-GAD was not related to other study variables (age of patients, control of diabetes mellitus, BMI, and family history of other autoimmune disease).
Conclusions: High prevalence of Anti-GAD and its titer in this studied sample, seropositivity was related mainly to female gender, delayed age at diagnosis and short duration of diabetes.
The Seven Sources of Information Technology and Its Role in the Development of Scientific Research
Authors: Borghosh Randa Moussa 
Published: August 2023

With the rapid technological development in various walks of life, Information Technology (IT) resources play an exceptional and key role in the advancement of the field of scientific research, as data sources and electronic content E-Data & E-Content transfer scientific and research resources in a digital (electronic) format to achieve communication and understanding. Among the researchers, the sources of the containers of storing electronic content in its various capacities and forms are indispensable for any researcher to save the research material in the short or long term, while the sources of software from operating systems, software and various applications play an essential role to help the researcher to collect the research material and see the continuous updates in the field of his research and facilitate his work whether before or during the writing of the research or even after writing the research and publishing and tracking its impact and impact, and these facilities provided to the researcher are more evident in the resources of electronics Microelectronics, which are represented by the size of the memory RAM & ROM and also CPU, and the researcher can only do the above through the sources of computers Computer HW of various sizes and types, network sources and communication technology (CT) systems, and all of the above sources of information technology are transmitted between users of End Users Information systems specialists, which represent the seventh source of information technology, namely the sources of specialized human resources for the system.