bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness, depression and sleep quality among the type 2 diabetic patients during COVID‐19 local epidemic: A mediation analysis
Authors: Lu Yidan , Gao Mengzhao , Zhang Lin , Shi Min , Zhou Helian , Zhou Haoran , Che Hengying , Fei Xiaoyun , Chen Jingtao , Li Yuanzhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate loneliness, depression and sleep quality in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and to examine the mediating role of depression between loneliness and sleep quality among this group of patients with T2DM.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA group of T2DM patients was recruited from a tertiary hospital affiliated with a university in Wuhu City, Anhui Province from May to October 2021 by convenient sampling. Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modelling were used for data analysis in this study.ResultsThe direct effect of loneliness on sleep quality was not statistically significant, but the indirect effect of depression on sleep quality was statistically significant. Depression mediated the relationship between loneliness and sleep quality. Depression can affect emotional health and reduce sleep quality. We should reduce the loneliness of patients, prevent the occurrence of depression and improve the quality of sleep.
The role of prenatal violence exposure in the development of disparities in children's adiposity from birth to middle childhood
Authors: Rudd Kristen L. , Zhao Qi , Lisha Nadra E. , Graff J. Carolyn , Norona‐Zhou Amanda , Roubinov Danielle S. , Barrett Emily S. , Juarez Paul , Carroll Kecia N. , Karr Catherine J. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Mason W. Alex , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Bush Nicole R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether women's exposure to multiple types of violence during childhood and pregnancy was associated with children's BMI trajectories and whether parenting quality moderated those associations.MethodsA cohort of 1288 women who gave birth between 2006 and 2011 self‐reported their exposure to childhood traumatic events, intimate partner violence (IPV), and residential address (linked to geocoded index of violent crime) during pregnancy. Children's length/height and weight at birth and at age 1, 2, 3, 4 to 6, and 8 years were converted to BMI z scores. Observed mother–child interactions were behaviorally coded during a dyadic teaching task.ResultsCovariate‐adjusted growth mixture models identified three trajectories of children's BMI from birth to 8 years old: Low‐Stable (17%), Moderate‐Stable (59%), and High‐Rising (22%). Children whose mothers experienced more types of IPV during pregnancy were more likely to be in the High‐Rising than the Low‐Stable (odds ratio [OR] = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.27–5.41) trajectory. Children whose mothers lived in higher crime neighborhoods were more likely to be in the High‐Rising than the Low‐Stable (OR = 1.11; 95% CI:1.03–1.17) or Moderate‐Stable trajectories (OR = 1.08; CI: 1.03–1.13). Main effects of childhood traumatic events and moderation by parenting were not detected.ConclusionsMaternal experiences of violence during pregnancy increase children's risk for developing overweight, highlighting intergenerational transmission of social adversity in children's health.
Disparities in household material hardship, financial toxicity, and income loss in pediatric cancer
Authors: Evans Erica M. , Lin Jackie , Sanchez‐Alvarez Jacklyn , Agrawal Anurag K. , Winestone Lena E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBased on previous reports of disparities in financial burden following a cancer diagnosis, this study aims to characterize mechanisms of disparities experienced by caregivers of children with cancer, including the impact of work flexibility and social support.MethodsCross‐sectional survey (in English or Spanish) of caregivers of children with cancer that assessed household material hardship (HMH), financial toxicity, and income change.ResultsOf 156 caregivers surveyed, 32% were Hispanic and 32% were low income. Hispanic caregivers were more likely to report HMH and financial toxicity compared to non‐Hispanic White and Asian (HMH: 57% vs. 21% vs. 19%, p < .001; financial toxicity: 73% vs. 52% vs. 53%, p = .07). Low‐ and middle‐income caregivers were more likely to experience HMH and financial toxicity compared to high‐income caregivers (HMH: 68% low vs. 38% middle vs. 8.7% high, p < .001; financial toxicity: 81% vs. 68% vs. 44%, p < .001). All income categories demonstrated significant increases in HMH 1 year after diagnosis. Seventeen percent reported more than 40% income loss, more of whom were low income than high income (27% vs. 12%, p = .20). Work flexibility and social support were associated with income and financial toxicity.ConclusionHMH, financial toxicity, and income loss are prevalent after a child's cancer diagnosis, suggesting that screening should be incorporated into routine care. This financial burden disproportionately affects low‐income and Hispanic caregivers. Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of work flexibility and social support, how safety net services are utilized by families, and how best to support families with HMH.
Statistical analysis of the effect of varying material and manufacturing conditions on the mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene/layered double hydroxide composites
Authors: Botha Natasha , Coetzer Roelof , Inglis Helen M. , Labuschagne F. J. W. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolymers are used in various industrial applications due to their ease of production, light weight, and ductility. Fillers such as clays are added to polymers to improve a range of factors such as material processing, thermal properties, fire retardance and cost. However, adding clays may negatively impact the mechanical performance of the composite. In addition, manufacturing parameters, for example, number of extrusions, press time, and so forth may also have an influence on the resulting composite system. This study performs a statistical analysis on a set of previously obtained experimental results, which investigated the influence of various manufacturing, material, and testing parameters on the composite mechanical properties. Exploratory data and statistical analysis techniques are applied to the historical tensile test data to gain insight into the influence on mechanical properties as well as the relationships and interactions between the parameters. Specifically, it is shown that clay loading does not have a statistically significant effect on the composite mechanical properties, which is contrary to literature. Another surprising result is the poor performance of the clay that is compatible with high‐density polyethylene compared to the clay that is compatible with poly vinyl chloride. The contribution of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of applying statistical analysis on a large volume of data to understand the diverse correlations between the different variables.
Structure of plasma deposited acrylic acid‐allyl alcohol copolymers
Authors: Fahmy Alaa , Omar Hassan , Szymoniak Paulina , Schönhals Andreas , Friedrich Jörg Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCopolymer thin films with two types of functional groups have excellent performance as sensors, for example. The formation and deposition of allyl alcohol‐acrylic acid copolymer films by pulsed high frequency plasma is a complex process. As usual, the chemical composition of the top surface of the films was investigated by XPS and FTIR measurements. Furthermore, contact angle measurements with water were used to characterise the hydrophilicity and wettability of the polymer films. After plasma deposition, a significant decrease in functional groups (OH and COOH) was observed compared to the classically copolymerised equivalent. The remaining functional groups, i.e. the majority of these groups, were sufficient for application as sensor layers. Segmental mobility and conductivity, important for sensor applications, were analysed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy.
Measuring transversus abdominis activity using pressure biofeedback unit—A technical report
Authors: Raj Vijay Samuel , Thomas Mincy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposePressure biofeedback is a tool that can detect the movement of a structure and may be used as an indicator of muscle function. It's widely used to measure the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle activity. Pressure biofeedback (PBU) monitors the abdominal wall movement by measuring the pressure change during abdominal hollowing and can indirectly evaluate the TrA muscle function, which is considered as a valuable tool. The evaluation of the training of core muscles, including the transversus abdominis, requires a reliable outcome. Various methods using different positions are used to evaluate the transversus abdominis muscle function. However, it is noted that a standard way of evaluation and training still needs to be improved in research and clinical practice. This technical report discusses the optimal position and technique to measure the TrA muscle activity using PBU, with discussions on the merits and demerits of the body positions.MethodsThe technical report is presented with a literature review of the PBU measurement of TrA and through observation in the clinical practice. The evaluation methods of TrA, including the position to activate and isolate, are discussed in detail.ResultsTraining core muscles does not imply TrA activation, and evaluating isolated TrA and multifidus is essential before intervention. The abdominal drawing‐in maneuver effectively activates TrA in various evaluation positions of the body, but when using PBUs, it would be valid in a prone position.DiscussionDifferent body positions are practiced to train TrA and core muscles using PBU, commonly adopted by practice are in supine. It's noted that most of the studies lack in establishing the effectiveness of the position in evaluating the TrA muscle activity using PBU. The need for insight into an appropriate technique for evaluating TrA activity is addressed in this technical report. This report presents key points on the complete technique and concludes that the prone position is superior to other positions and recommended for measuring and recording the TrA activity using a PBU.
The impact of previous inguinal mesh hernioplasty on oncological and patient‐reported outcomes following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Westhofen Thilo , Bensel Moritz , Schlenker Boris , Becker Armin , Stief Christian G. , Kretschmer Alexander , Buchner Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of previous inguinal mesh hernioplasty (MH) with non‐resorbable mesh prostheses on surgical performance of radical prostatectomy (RP) has been controversially discussed, with unknown impact of MH on oncologic outcomes and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) following RP. We therefore aimed to assess the influence of previous MH on metastasis‐free survival (MFS), biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BRFS), and HRQOL following RP.MethodsWe identified 344 patients with previous MH prior RP within our prospectively assessed institutional database of 6275 patients treated with RP for PC (2008–2019). A 1:3 propensity‐score matched analysis of 1345 men (n = 319 previous MH, n = 1026 no previous MH) was conducted. Primary endpoint was MFS and secondary endpoints were BRFS and HRQOL (based on EORTC QLQ‐C30). Binary logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier, and Cox regression models tested the effect of previous MH on MFS, BRFS, and HRQOL (p < 0.05).ResultsMedian follow‐up was 47 months. Patients with previous MH had significantly lower 5‐year MFS (72% vs. 85%, p < 0.001) and 5‐year BRFS estimates (43% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, previous MH was confirmed as an independent predictor for impaired MFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.772, 95% CI 1.12–12.64, p = 0.031) and BRFS (HR: 1.862, 95% CI: 1.22–2.85, p = 0.004). These results held true if stratified for surgical approach or limited to patients with successful PLND. We found significantly shorter median time to continence recovery for patients without previous MH (p = 0.001) without significant differences in total continence recovery rates, erectile function recovery, and HRQOL.ConclusionsOur findings show an impaired oncologic outcome for patients with previous MH following RP with no significant differences regarding continence recovery, erectile function recovery, and general HRQOL.
Public Health Word of the Year 2022 – New Normal
Authors: Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Ramazanu Sheena , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Duarte Jude Altiveros , Azanza Patrick Alain , Wong Martin C. S. , Kouwenhoven M. B. N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused significant disruption and forced the global community to adapt to a new way of life. The term ‘new normal’ encapsulates the notion that the pandemic has triggered radical changes, requiring rapid adaptation from the global community. The article focuses on examining the practical implications of the new reality in 2022, the challenges it presented, and the opportunities it offers for shaping the future of global health. The article also highlights significant public health stories that emerged in 2022, including the mpox surge, the impact of climate change, and reproductive health issues and their impact in shaping the ‘new normal’. It argues that the ‘new normal’ provides a unique opportunity to rebuild our world more responsively and sustainably. It emphasizes the need for global communities to maintain adaptability and foster innovation in the face of ongoing challenges. Making informed choices becomes crucial for achieving success within this shifting landscape. Conclusively, the article advocates for embracing the ‘new normal’ as a catalyst for positive change, both individually and collectively. By doing so, global communities can navigate the challenges ahead and create a world that is better prepared for future health crises.
Automated calculation of ontology‐based planning proposals: An application in reconstructive oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Hagen Niclas , Weichel Frederic , Kühle Reinald , Knaup Petra , Freudlsperger Christian , Eisenmann Urs 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundStructured modelling of surgical knowledge and its automated processing is still challenging. The aim of this work is to introduce a novel approach for automated calculation of ontology‐based planning proposals in mandibular reconstruction and conduct a feasibility study.MethodsThe presented approach is composed of an RDF(S) ontology, a 3D mandible template and a calculator‐optimiser algorithm to automatically calculate reconstruction proposals with fibula grafts. To validate the viability of the approach, a feasibility study was conducted on 164 simulated mandibular reconstructions.ResultsThe ontology defines 244 different reconstruction variants and 80 analyses for optimization. In 146 simulated cases, a proposal could be automatically calculated (average time 8.79 ± 4.03 s). The assessments of the proposals by three clinical experts indicate the viability of the approach.ConclusionsDue to the modular separation between computational logic and domain knowledge, the developed concepts can be easily maintained, reused and adapted for other applications.
Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Biological Evaluation of ROS‐Generating Phenanthridin‐trione‐Epoxide Conjugates as Agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Mamgain Ritu , Swami Sagar , Sarkar Dhiman , Srivastava Pratibha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is one of the devasting infectious diseases and continues to spread among people despite having several specific drugs. Total eradication of TB is one of the shared interests of both the World Health Organization (WHO) and India globally. A library of antitubercular 6‐((1‐(aryl/heteroaryl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)oxireno[2,3‐b] phenanthridine‐5,7,9(6H,7aH,8aH)‐trione (6 a–e) has been prepared in five steps including click chemistry and tested against active and dormant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra using XRMA protocol. The result showed the inhibitory potential of 6 d IC50 at 0.74 μg/mL concentration against active strain and at 0.9 μg/mL against the dormant strain of Mtb. ROS generating ability of the compounds has been confirmed by luminol, H2O2, and glutathione assays. The molecular docking with the thioredoxin protein of Mtb showed a docking score of −9.6 Kcal/mol. To understand the mechanism with the thioredoxin protein of Mtb, the adduct formation of compounds with cystine was confirmed with HPLC. The involvement of lead molecules with existing drugs can be helpful in the eradication of tuberculosis.
Visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics by newly molding g‐C3N4/graphitized biochar composites
Authors: Chen Hanyu , Fang Yanying , Duan Peiyu , Zhang Xueqi , Zhang Kunfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNewly molding g‐C3N4/graphitized biochar (g‐C3N4/GSBC) molding composites photocatalytic material with superior photocatalytic activity were successfully synthesized by the impregnation‐roasting process. The photocatalytic behavior of g‐C3N4/GSBC was assessed in the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic pollutants, including sulfamethoxazole(SMZ), ciprofloxacin(CIP), and tetracycline(TC), under visible light illumination. The successful composited of g‐C3N4 with GSBC was demonstrated by various characterization results, in which the 5 : 1 mass loading ratio showed the best performance. g‐C3N4/GSBC possessed a larger specific surface area (71.09 m2/g), suitable band gap (2.66 eV), more catalytically active species, and higher utilization efficiency of visible light than powdered g‐C3N4. The removal efficiency of the new composite was higher than that of g‐C3N4 for the three antibiotics, with removal efficiencies of 87.2 %, 83.2 %, and 72.2 % for SMZ, TC, and CIP, respectively. The analysis of its photodegradation mechanism revealed that h+ and ⋅O2− are responsible for the antibiotics′ decomposition. According to the HPLC‐MS results, the possible photocatalytic mechanism and reaction pathways have been proposed. This work provided a new way for the synthesis of molding photocatalysts as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of organic contaminants.
Two‐dimensional MXenes as Emerging Materials: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shahzad Umer , Marwani Hadi M. , Saeed Mohsin , Asiri Abdullah M. , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBecause of their peculiar two‐dimensional layered microstructure, the existence of numerous functionalities on the surface and excellent electrical, thermal and optical features, MXenes are regarded as promising candidates for solving energy and environment related problems. It is noted that energy conversion and storge capability of MXenes could be raised by altering their dimensions, structure, surface chemistry and chemical composition. Therefore, it is critical to recognize how one can boost the relationship between structure and property from applied viewpoint. In the present study, we reviewed the synthesis, properties and potential applications of MXenes. Furthermore, several properties of MXenes including structural, chemical, optical, mechanical and thermal have been explored. In addition, the potential applications of MXenes in various areas such as photocatalysis, gas sensing, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis and environmental remediation have also been discussed. Based on reported works, it can clearly be noticed that features and potential applications of MXenes may be further improved by applying many alteration and functionalization strategies. This study also focuses on the current progresses and future prospective relating to MXene based composites, which will surely assist the scientists who are doing work in areas of academia and material sciences.
Helices in Peptides Containing Differentially Geminally Di‐substituted γ Amino Acid Residues
Authors: Debnath Swapna , Kumar Dinesh , Vasudev Prema G. , Chatterjee Sunanda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe have explored the relative propensity of the three differentially di‐substituted γ amino acid residues, to be accommodated in all α helical conformations. We have established that small chiral hybrid peptides Boc‐Aib‐γx,x‐Aib‐Leu‐Aib‐Val‐OMe (x,x=2,2/3,3/4,4) containing single geminally di‐substituted γ amino acid residue, can adopt both handedness of helical conformation in crystals and solution. The relative ease of being accommodated in helical structures decreased in the order γ4,4>γ3,3>γ2,2. γ4,4 and γ3,3 readily adopted C12 helical conformations unlike γ2,2. γ2,2 and γ3,3 containing peptides, adopted either handedness of the helical conformation in crystals while in solution, they adopted right‐handed helical conformation. Peptide, containing γ4,4 only adopted right‐handed helical conformation both in the solid and solution states. Our studies established that position of di‐substitution along the backbone of γ amino acid residues determined their conformational preference, and thus might be used to generate diversity in the peptide conformations.
All‐Graphene Quantum Dot‐Derived Battery: Regulating Redox Activity Through Localized Subdomains
Authors: Ham Youngjin , Kim Chungryeol , Shin Donghan , Kim Il‐Doo , Kang Kisuk , Jung YounJoon , Lee Dongwhan , Jeon Seokwoo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the quest for materials sustainability for grid‐scale applications, graphene quantum dot (GQD), prepared via eco‐efficient processes, is one of the promising graphitic‐organic matters that have the potential to provide greener solutions for replacing metal‐based battery electrodes. However, the utilization of GQDs as electroactive materials has been limited; their redox behaviors associated with the electronic bandgap property from the sp2 carbon subdomains, surrounded by functional groups, are yet to be understood. Here, the experimental realization of a subdomained GQD‐based anode with stable cyclability over 1000 cycles, combined with theoretical calculations, enables a better understanding of the decisive impact of controlled redox site distributions on battery performance. The GQDs are further employed in cathode as a platform for full utilization of inherent electrochemical activity of bio‐inspired redox‐active organic motifs, phenoxazine. Using the GQD‐derived anode and cathode, an all‐GQD battery achieves a high energy density of 290 Wh kgcathode−1 (160 Wh kgcathode+anode−1), demonstrating an effective way to improve reaction reversibility and energy density of sustainable, metal‐free batteries.