bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VERBAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NURSING HOME STAFF AND RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA AND APATHY: LANGUAGE ANALYSIS
Authors: Jao Ying-Ling , Liao Yo-Jen , Berish Diane , Boltz Marie , Liu Wen , Mogle Jacqueline , Kales Helen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Communication is fundamental in daily caregiving activities in nursing homes and impacts the quality of care. This study examined the verbal communication of nursing home staff and residents with dementia and apathy during daily caregiving activities. This study used a repeated measures design. Participants included 13 residents with dementia and apathy and 13 staff from two nursing homes. A total of 39 videos were recorded to capture staff-resident interactions during caregiving activities (3 videos for each resident). All video-recorded communication was transcribed and segmented into phrases. Bivariate correlations were used for preliminary analysis. The average length of each interaction was 7.5 minutes (range=1.5-12.5). On average, staff verbalized 46.6 words (range=9.3-121.9) with 11.3 phrases (range=3.7-23.4) per minute. Residents verbalized an average of 18.9 words (range=0-83.8) with 4.8 phrases (range=0-17.1) per minute. Unadjusted correlations demonstrated that residents’ phrases per minute were significantly negatively associated with apathy (r=-0.36, p =0.0239), while being significantly positively associated with age (r=0.42, p=0.0071), cognitive function (r=0.42, p=0.0114), caregivers’ words per minute (r=0.44, p=0.0055), and phrases per minute (r=0.42, p=0.0077). After adjusting for clustering by residents, caregivers’ words and phrases remained significantly positively associated with residents’ phrases. Findings suggest that higher resident apathy and cognitive impairment are associated with fewer verbalizations. When caregivers verbalize more phrases and words, residents are also likely to use more phrases. Findings identify the high-risk population for lack of verbal expression and emphasize the importance of staff verbal communication to promote verbal communication in nursing home residents with dementia and apathy.
FUNCTIONAL HEARING AND VISION IMPAIRMENT AND SOCIAL ISOLATION OVER 8 YEARS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Huang Alison , Rebok George , Reed Nicholas , Suen Jonathan , Swenor Bonnielin , Cudjoe Thomas , Deal Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One in four older adults experience social isolation. Sensory impairment is a potentially modifiable risk factor for social isolation. Little is known about the long-term impact of sensory impairment on social well-being. This study quantifies the longitudinal associations between hearing, vision, and concurrent hearing and vision impairment (dual sensory impairment) and social isolation over 8 years among older adults. Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative longitudinal study (2011- 2019) of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Social isolation was measured by a composite that incorporated four domains: living arrangement, core discussion network size, religious services attendance, and social participation. Baseline hearing and vision were measured by self-report. Associations between sensory impairments and odds of overall social isolation over 8 years were assessed using multivariate generalized logistic mixed models adjusted for demographic and health characteristics. Among 5,552 participants, 18.9% reported hearing impairment, 4.8% reported vision impairment, and 2.3% reported dual sensory impairment. Over 8 years, hearing impairment was associated with 28% greater odds of social isolation. Specifically, participants with hearing impairment were more likely to live alone and limit engagement in social activities. A similar pattern of association was observed for dual sensory impairment; however, estimates did not reach statistical significance. No association was observed between vision impairment and social isolation. Older adults with hearing impairment may be a clinically important subgroup to monitor for social isolation. Interventions for increasing social support and social participation may be especially valuable for older adults with hearing impairment.
CREATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS WITH LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER (LGBTQ+) OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Oswald Austin , Bybee Sara , Oswald Austin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The voices of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) older adults are very often overlooked in research contexts. Creative qualitative methods have been utilized to study populations who have been neglected, empowering marginalized communities, and fostering equitable research processes and outcomes (Archibald & Blines, 2021; Jen & Paceley, 2021; McGarry & Bowden, 2017). This innovative symposium explores creative qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, such as creative writing and poetry, which have been employed in research about LGBTQ+ aging and also describes how each method may provide a unique contribution to the research process and literature. The first presentation describes the process of facilitating a weekly creative writing group with LGBTQ+ older adults and how creative writing can facilitate the retelling of life events and reimaging of new futures. The second presentation describes the process of analyzing pieces of creative writing in order to elucidate the potential and possibility of queer futurities and their implications for research on aging trajectories and imaginings. The third presentation details how found poetry created from dyadic semi-structured interviews sheds new light on the relationships of LGBTQ+ couples facing cancer. Through these three presentations, we will illustrate how creative methods contribute strengths of generating evocative and poignant narratives, illuminating not-yet-possible futures, and inspiring equally creative interventions. The overall objective of this symposium is to explore creative qualitative research methods for their utility in research with LGBTQ+ older adults, ultimately fostering more inclusive and nuanced research processes and products.
MARITAL SEQUENCING ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE: RACE AND COHORT INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Iveniuk James , Gupta Riddhi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we undertake an analysis of marital/cohabitation sequences over a person’s entire life course, examining intersections between race and cohort. We draw upon data from a nationally representative survey of older Americans (collected in 2005/2006; N=3005). Using optimal matching and cluster analysis, we find three clusters: those who have been without a partner for many years (10%), those who recently lost a spouse (27%), and those who are still married (62%). All three clusters tended to marry young; only 2% never married or cohabited. Non-Hispanic Black respondents were far less likely than Non-Hispanic White respondents to be in the still-married cluster. The oldest Hispanic respondents were also more likely to be in the recently-unpartnered cluster, compared to younger Hispanic respondents. Cluster membership was also associated with being married ten years later (2015/2016; 1535 retained), with the longstanding-unpartnered cluster less likely to be married, compared to the recently-unpartnered cluster.
TOWARD STRUCTURAL CHANGE: ADVANCING PRAXIS ON AGE-FRIENDLY CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
Authors: Greenfield Emily 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The global age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC) movement has inspired leaders across the public, private, and academic sectors to re-imagine how environments can better support long and healthy lives. There is growing recognition, however, of structural and other constraints that impede the translation of AFCC aspirations into systematic, comprehensive, impactful, and sustainable action. This paper will describe the importance of researchers’ engagement in AFCC praxis to better support the movement toward structural change for aging equity and healthy aging. The paper will present a case example of academic researchers’ long-standing involvement in collaborative efforts toward the development and sustainability of age-friendly community initiatives in New Jersey. The case will emphasize the importance of creating synergies across research, teaching, and service activities; cultivating coordinated AFCC efforts across the mico, meso, and macro levels; and developing sustainable structures for deliberate inter-organizational and multi-sectoral partnerships toward short- and long-term goals.
FROM STRESSED CAREGIVERS TO HEALTHY CAREGIVING: THE IMPLICATIONS OF BALANCED PERSPECTIVES AND UPDATED FINDINGS
Authors: Roth David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research on family caregiving continues to evolve and stress process models are now frequently balanced by perspectives of benefits emanating from prosocial behaviors including caregiving and volunteering. Initial findings that caregivers have elevated inflammation levels and shorter life expectancies than non-caregivers have been contradicted by numerous more recent findings from larger, population-based, epidemiological studies. In many ways, the caregiving literature shows a bias pattern that is sometimes found in other areas, where initial studies with relatively small samples and alarming results are widely cited, whereas subsequent studies with larger samples and contradicting results are given much less attention. A minority of caregivers are highly stressed, but most caregivers are resilient and face other challenges besides stress-related health problems. Caregivers are the backbone of long-term care, and interventions and policy initiatives to support caregivers are vital, but should be based on replicable findings of verifiable challenges to vulnerable caregiving subgroups.
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS FOR CANCER-RELATED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN OLDER CANCER SURVIVORS: LESSONS LEARNED
Authors: Von Ah Diane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer survivors (BCS) face a myriad of late and long-term symptoms including cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). In fact, up to 75% of the 3.8 million BCS report concerns with memory, processing information speed, and decision-making. It is hypothesized that a subset of vulnerable BCS incur ‘accelerated aging’ resulting in CRCI with older BCS at greatest risk. CRCI has many downstream negative effects on everyday functioning and health-related quality of life. Despite considerable need, there are currently no effective treatments which have been sufficiently validated for CRCI. Cognitive training, which is based on the principles of neuroplasticity (brain’s ability to reorganize and form new neural connections to accomplish tasks), may be a therapeutic option. Clinical trials from our lab and others offer insights into the needs of BCS with CRCI and considerations (facilitators, barriers, acceptability and satisfaction) for older BCS will be highlighted to address this potentially debilitating symptom.
TOUCH SENSATION IS AN UNDERSTUDIED PREDICTOR OF DEMENTIA RISK IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Brenowitz Willa , Robbins Nathaniel , Strotmeyer Elsa , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Few studies have focused on touch sensation as risk factor or marker of dementia, although other sensory impairments are associated with cognitive decline. We studied touch sensation as measured by peripheral sensory nerve function; impairment was defined as insensitivity to 10-g monofilament or vibration detection threshold &gt;130μm of the toe, in 2,174 Black and White participants (52% women; 35% black, aged 70-79 years) from Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study who were ambulatory and without dementia at enrollment. Incident dementia over the following 11 years was determined based on medical records, cognitive scores, and medications. Impaired touch sensation was associated with a 1.63-fold higher risk of dementia (95% CI 1.21, 2.19) after adjustment for demographics, health behaviors, and health conditions. Associations persisted even after additional adjustment for hearing, vision, and smell (HR: 1.45; 95%CI 1.09, 2.03). These findings highlight the underappreciated association between poor touch sensation and risk of dementia.
OLFACTORY IMPAIRMENT AND MICROSTRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF THE BRAIN IN THE ARIC STUDY
Authors: Shrestha Srishti , Zhu Xiaoqian , Sullivan Kevin , Windham Beverly Gwen , Deal Jennifer , Chen Honglei , Griswold Michael , Mosley Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We examined cross-sectional associations between microstructural integrity of the brain and olfaction in 1417 participants from the ARIC Study who completed MRI scans in 2011-2013 (mean age=76±2 years, 41% male). Microstructural integrity was measured by two diffusion tensor imaging measures, fractional anisotropy (FA, higher=better) and mean diffusivity (MD, higher=worse), and olfaction by a 12-item odor-identification test. In multivariable linear regression models, higher FA in several regions was associated with better olfaction, with the strongest association in the stria terminalis [β:0.333 (95%CI:0.188, 0.478) per standard deviation (SD) higher FA]. Higher MD was associated with lower olfaction in almost all regions, but associations were strongest for some temporal sub-regions [for example, hippocampus, β:-0.796 (95%CI: -0.942, -0.651) per SD higher MD]. Our findings suggest that neuronal microstructural integrity is an important predictor of olfaction; this may also have important implications in understanding early dementia neuropathology as olfaction is affected very early in dementia.
ASSOCIATIONS OF AUDIOMETRIC HEARING, BRAIN MRI, AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE WITH SPEECH-IN-NOISE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Jiang Kening , Coresh Josef , Hayden Kathleen , Jack, Jr. Clifford , Mosley Thomas , Pankow James , Lin Frank , Deal Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Speech-in-noise performance is fundamental to daily communications and comprehensive characterization is needed. We studied 590 dementia-free participants aged 70-84 years, including 428 hearing-impaired participants from the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) study baseline (2018-19), which is a randomized controlled trial partially nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, and 162 normal-hearing ARIC Visit 6/7 (2016-17/2018-19) participants. The Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN) test was used to measure speech-in-noise performance. Predictors included (1) Four-frequency better-ear pure-tone average (PTA); (2) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures (total and lobar volumes, diffusion tensor imaging, white matter hyperintensities); (3) Global and domain-specific (language, memory, executive function) cognitive performance. All predictors were standardized to Z-scores. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression, adjusting for demographic and disease covariates. PTA and cognitive performance, but not MRI measures, were independently associated with speech-in-noise performance, with PTA explaining the largest variance, indicating the promising role of hearing aids.
MULTILINGUAL THEMATIC ANALYSIS USING VARIED TRANSLATIONS AND LINGUISTIC VALIDATION OF CODES: ADVANCING INCLUSION
Authors: Tonkikh Orly , Siegel Elena O , Zisberg Anna , Gur-Yaish Nurit , Shulyaev Ksenya , Rogozinski Amos , Young Heather 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite the widely acknowledged cultural diversity among older adults and family caregivers, the representation of people from different linguistic backgrounds in a single study is rare. Single language is a common inclusion criterion, limiting the diversity of samples. Performing cross-cultural qualitative research using several languages within a study requires a systematic data harmonization approach to assure the trustworthiness of the analysis. This paper describes strategies used to establish trustworthiness in the multi-lingual thematic analysis of a dyadic qualitative descriptive study of older adults hospitalized in general hospitals and family members who accompanied them during the hospitalization. Participant interviews (n=22) were conducted in English, Hebrew, and Russian according to individual preferences. Four of the dyads (8 participants) were interviewed in different languages. Based on the template analysis approach, we performed multiple multi-lingual translations and linguistic validation of an inductively identified high-level coding scheme. Each linguistic validation process included a reconciliation of two forward translations and harmonization using back translation, performed for each pair of languages. We describe the rationale for decisions regarding the translation process (the timing of translation after establishing a high-level coding scheme, using a hermeneutic translation approach to achieve conceptual equivalence, variability in the socio-demographic context of the translators, recruitment of both translators and linguists). This study provides principles of a feasible systematic approach to overcome linguistic barriers in caregiving research, providing an avenue for inclusive research among multi-cultural and multi-lingual study samples.
OLDER ADULTS' PERSPECTIVES OF INDEPENDENCE THROUGH TIME: RESULTS OF A LONGITUDINAL INTERVIEW STUDY
Authors: Taylor Emily , Frost Julia , Goodwin Victoria , Ball Susan , Clegg Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding how older people experience, and adapt to maintain, independence through time has implications for person-centred care. Quantifiable measures can provide a gauge of change in practice. However, little is known about how older people themselves perceive independence through time, or whether measures used are commensurate with what matters to older people. This study aimed to identify whether and how older adults assimilate their perceptions of independence in response to change through time. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted longitudinally, one year apart, to explore the views of 12 community-dwelling older adults, aged 76-85 years. A constructionist approach using dramaturgical and descriptive codes, facilitated the data interpretation. Sixteen analytical questions guided exploration of participants’ perceptions of independence through time. Interview participants felt that common interpretations of independence underestimated, and omitted, important aspects of their experience through time. Some participants questioned the value of instruments that were insensitive to individual values and context. Changes in life trajectories required participants to adapt the form, or means of obtaining independence. The impact of change on participants’ sense of independence was value-dependent, informed by the function a participant ascribed to maintaining independence. This study builds on the understanding of independence as a complex and multifaceted construct. The findings challenge the congruence of common interpretations of independence with older people’s views, showing areas of commonality and discrepancy. Exploration of independence in terms of form and function provides important understanding about how continuity of function takes precedence to form in determining the maintenance of independence through time.
THE ROLE OF WORKPLACE POLICY ON EMPLOYED FEMALE CAREGIVERS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: McLaughlin Jessica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has indelibly impacted society over the past two years. This qualitative study explores how working female caregivers, in particular, experienced the pandemic and how the workplace supported them during this time. Findings from interviews with 29 working female caregivers revealed that many caregivers were unable to set boundaries around caregiving during the pandemic. Caregivers frequently found themselves on their own in providing care. This meant that caregivers had little time to themselves to rest and recharge. Whereas prior to the pandemic, caregivers may have had help with caregiving through services like respite and adult daycare, these services were no longer options. This reduced level of external support and care influenced caregivers’ socioemotional wellbeing. Workplace policies, such as the ability to work remotely and working flexible hours, helped to ease caregiver burden. These findings have implications for both caregivers and workplaces during future crises and disasters.
RECRUITING THE ULTRA-INVISIBLE: COMMUNITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FORMER DEMENTIA CAREGIVER RECRUITMENT
Authors: Baker Zachary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bereaved dementia caregivers often refer to themselves as “Ultra-Invisible” (contrasting with caregivers’ “Invisibility”). We report on a series of open-ended discussions with the “Supporting Dementia Caregivers After Death” community advisory board (CAB) about how best to recruit bereaved dementia caregivers for research. The 12-member CAB includes current and former caregivers of PLWD due to early- and normal-onset Alzheimer’s, Lewy body, and Parkinson’s, an Alzheimer’s Association senior program manager, the Indian Health Board of Minneapolis Spiritual Health leader, the Engaging communities of Hispanics/Latinos for Aging Research Network leader, and a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center Equity Director. Strategies included: partnering with local religious institutions who may be primary source of bereavement services across cultures, multiple survey formats (e.g., recruiting Latino caregivers by phone; written surveys for Indians on rural reservations with limited phone/internet access). 3) Broadened age group considerations (e.g., one African American CAB-member’s young children contribute meaningfully to caregiving).
IRVING S. WRIGHT AWARD, VINCENT CRISTOFALO AWARD, AND TERRIE FOX WETLE AWARD PRESENTATIONS AND LECTURES
Authors: Kirkland James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Irving S. Wright Award of Distinction Lecture will feature an address by the 2022 recipient Thomas M. Gill, MD of Yale University. The Vincent Cristofalo Rising Star Award in Aging Research lecture will feature an address by the 2022 recipient Jamie Nicole Justice, PhD, of Wake Forest University. The Terrie Fox Wetle Award lecture will feature an address by the 2022 recipient Benjamin H. Han, MD, MPH, of the University of California San Diego. These awards are given by the American Federation for Aging Research, Inc.