bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Chitosan Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Ridha Ali Mousa 
Published: July 2023

The use of biopolymer material Chitosan impregnated granular activated carbon CHGAC as adsorbent in the removal of lead ions pb.2+ from aqueous solution was studied using batch adsorption mode. The prepared CHGAC was characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and atomic-absorption pectrophotometer. The adsorption of lead ions onto Chitosan-impregnated granular activated carbon was examined as a function of adsorbent weight, pH andcontact time in Batch system. Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to analyze the resulting experimental data demonstrated that better fitted by Langmuir isotherm model than Freundlich model, with good correlation coefficient. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the pseudo second order model in conformity to the experimental values. This means that the adsorption performance of lead ions onto CHGAC follows a pseudo second order model, which illustrates that the adsorption of Pb2+ onto CHGAC was controlled by chemisorption. The granular activated carbon GAC impregnated by Chitosan was effectively applied as adsorbent for the elimination of lead ions from aqueous solution.
Experimental Measurements of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Single Layer Graphene Based DI-water Nanofluid
Authors: Abdullah Najdat N. , Ibrahim Hussein A. 
Published: July 2023

Experimental measurements of viscosity and thermal conductivity of single layer of graphene . based DI-water nanofluid are performed as a function of concentrations (0.1-1wt%) and temperatures between (5 to 35ºC). The result reveals that the thermal conductivity of GNPs nanofluids was increased with increasing the nanoparticle weight fraction concentration and temperature, while the maximum enhancement was about 22% for concentration of 1 wt.% at35ºC. These experimental results were compared with some theoretical models and a good agreement between Nan’s model and the experimental results was observed. The viscosity of the graphene nanofluid displays Newtonian and Non-Newtonian behaviors with respect to nanoparticles concentration and temperature, and about 111% enhancement was obtained compared to the base fluid with GNPs weight fraction concentration of 1wt.% at 35ºC. Based onthe experimental data, correlations were developed for predicting thermophysical properties of the GNPs based DI-water nanofluid.
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics of Single Layer Graphene Based DI-water Nanofluid in a Circular Tube under Laminar Flow and Different Heat Fluxes as Boundary Conditions
Authors: Abdullah Najdat N. , Ibrahim Hussein A. 
Published: July 2023

An experimental study was performed to estimate the forced convection heat transfer performance and the pressure drop of a single layer graphene (GNPs) based DI-water nanofluid in a circular tube under a laminar flow and a uniform heat flux boundary conditions. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid at weight concentrations of (0.1 to 1 wt%) were measured. The effects of the velocity of flow, heat flux and nanoparticle weight concentrations on the enhancement of the heat transfer are examined. The Nusselt number of the GNPs nanofluid was enhanced as the heat flux and the velocity of flow rate increased, and the maximum Nusselt number ratio (Nu nanofluid/ Nu base fluid) and thermal performance factor was (1.45) and (1.24) respectively, by using (1wt%) concentration and q=6104W/m2 heat flux. Finally, an analysis of the thermal performance factor shows that the GNPs nanofluids could work as a good alternative conventional working fluid in thermal heat transfer applications.
Compatibility between Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Water Filters
Authors: Al Zubaidy Riyadh Z. , Al-Khafaji Mahmoud S. , Al-Saadi Riyadh J. M. 
Published: July 2023

In this paper, ceramic water filters were produced by using ten mixtures of different ratios of red clay and sawdust under different production conditions. The physical properties of these filters were tested. The production conditions include five press pressures ranged from 10 to 50MPa and a firing schedule having three different final temperatures of 1000, 1070, and 1100˚C. The tests results of the physical properties were used to obtain best compatibility between the hydraulic and the mechanical properties of these filters. Results showed that as the press pressure and the firing temperature are increased, the bulk density and the compressive and bending strengths of the produced filters are increased, while, the porosity and absorption are decreased. As the sawdust content is increased the bulk density and the compressive and bending strengths are decreased, while, the porosity and absorption are increased. High hydraulic conductivity is obtained at a firing temperature of 1070˚C when the sawdust content is less than 10%. Otherwise, it is increased as sawdust content and the firingtemperature are increased. Filters made of mixture 92.5% red clay and 7.5% sawdust formed . under a press pressure of 20MPa and a firing temperature of 1070˚C gave the best compatibility between hydraulic and mechanical properties. In this case, the hydraulic conductivity was 50mm/day, the compressive strength was 14MPa, and the bending strength was 10.8MPa.
Improvement of Gypseous Soil Using Cutback Asphalt
Authors: Shakir Zainab Hassan 
Published: July 2023

Gypseous soils are widely distributed and especially in Iraq where arid area of hot climatic is present. These soils are considered as problematic soils; therefore this work attends to improve the geotechnical properties of such soil and reduce the dangers of collapse due to wetting process. In this research, undisturbed soil sample of 30 % gypsum content from Karbala city is used. The Single Oedometer collapse test is used in order to investigate the collapse characteristics of natural soil and after treatment with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% of Cutback Asphalt. Moreover, two selected additive percentages (9% and 12%) are used to evaluate the suitability of using the Cutback Asphalt for improvement of the bearing capacity of gypseous soils. A steel model box is used for this purpose, the treatment depth is equal to one and twice the footing width. The tests results showed that the total settlement of 25 mm of treated soil with (MC-30) material can be achieved at vertical stress lower than that value required for natural soil. Also, thickness of treated layer with (MC-30) material below the proposed foundation has a significant effect on the value of bearing capacity of the soil. The rate of salt dissolved (C.V) is extremely decreased especially at all percentages of Cutback Asphalt. The best bearing improvement ratio is found at 9% asphalt and at a depth equal to foundation width. However, the Cutback Asphalt can be successfully used by 12% for collapse potential treatment while it is not suitable for improvement of the bearing capacity of gypseous soils.
Optimization of Surface Roughness for Al-alloy in Electro-chemical Machining (ECM) using Taguchi Method
Authors: Abdullah Mostafa Adel , Aghdeab Shukry Hammed , Ghazi Safaa Kadhim 
Published: July 2023

Electro-chemical Machining is significant process to remove metal with using anodic dissolution. Electro-chemical machining use to removed metal workpiece from (7025) aluminum alloy using Potassium chloride (KCl) solution .The tool used was made from copper. In this present the optimize processes input parameter use are( current, gap and electrolyte concentration) and surface roughness (Ra) as output .The experiments on electro-chemical machining with use current (30, 50, 70)A, gap (1.00, 1.25, 1.50) mm and electrolyte concentration (100, 200, 300) (g/L). The method (ANOVA) was used to limited the large influence factors affected on surface roughness and found the current was the large influence factors with (72.17%) . The results of the optimization of comparison of experimental and prediction conditions current at level-1(30 A) , gap at level-1 (1.00mm ) and electrolyte concentration at level-1(100(g/L)) shown the average experiments and prediction surface roughness (1.352) and (1.399) respectively..
Bit Record Analysis for Bits Evaluating and Selection
Authors: Assi Amel Habeeb 
Published: July 2023

The bit record is a part from the daily drilling report which is contain information about the type and the number of the bit that is used to drill the well, also contain data about the used weight on bit WOB ,revolution per minute RPM , rate of penetration ROP, pump pressure ,footage drilled and bit dull grade. Generally we can say that the bit record is a rich brief about the bit life in the hole. The main purpose of this research is to select the suitable bit to drill the next oil wells because the right bit selection avoid us more than one problems, on the other hand, the wrong bit selection cause more than one problem. Many methods are related to bit selection, this research is familiar with four of those methods, which they are: specific energy method, bit dullness way, cost per foot method, offset well bit record and geological information way. Five oil wells have been studied in Rumaila Oil Field in South of Iraq which they are R-531, R-548, R-536, R-544 and R-525. The wells R-531, R-536 and R-525 are vertical wells; the wells R-548 and R-544 are directional wells at angle of inclination 8.79◦ and 16.62◦ respectively.
Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure Changes Post- Phacoemulsification Surgery in Glaucoma Patients with Cataract
Authors: Hong-Kee Ng , Ahmad-Marwan Abdul-Aziz , Julieana Muhammed , Mei Fong Chong , Vivian-Gong Hee-Ming , Liza-Sharmini Ahmad Tajudin , Azhany Yaakub 
Published: July 2023

Aims: To compare the changes of central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) post-phacoemulsification between cataract patients with and without pre-existing glaucoma.
Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study of 86 patients with visually significant cataract: 43 with pre-existing glaucoma (GC group) and 43 without pre-existing glaucoma (CO group). CCT and IOP were evaluated at baseline (pre-phacoemulsification), as well as at 2 hours, 1 day, 1 week and 6 weeks post-phacoemulsification.
Results: The GC group have significantly thinner CCT pre-operatively (p = 0.003). There was a steady increase of CCT with the highest peak at 1 day post-phacoemulsification, followed by a steady decline of CCT and back to baseline at 6 weeks post-phacoemulsification in both groups. The GC group demonstrated a significant difference in CCT at 2 hours (mean difference 60.2 μm, p = 0.003) and 1 day (mean difference 70.6 μm, p = 0.002) post-phacoemulsification, compared to the CO group. There was a sudden increase in IOP at 2 hours post-phacoemulsification measured by GAT and DCT in both groups. This was followed by a gradual reduction of IOP, with significant reduction at 6 weeks post-phacoemulsification in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in IOP between the two groups. IOP measured by GAT and DCT showed strong correlation (r > 0.75, p < 0.001) in both groups. There was no significant correlation between GAT-IOP and CCT changes; nor between DCT-IOP and CCT changes in both groups.
Conclusions: CCT changes post-phacoemulsification in patients with pre-existing glaucoma were similar, in spite of having thinner CCT pre-operatively. IOP measurement was not affected by CCT changes in glaucoma patients post-phacoemulsification. IOP measurement using GAT is comparable with DCT post-phacoemulsification.
Pathogenesis and Current Methods of Treatment of Secondary Uveitic Glaucoma. A Review
Authors: Škrlová Eva , Svozílková Petra , Heissigerová Jarmila , Fichtl Marek 
Published: July 2023

Secondary uveitic glaucoma is a serious sight-threatening complication of intraocular inflammation (uveitis). It develops in approximately 10–20% of patients with uveitis (although this figure may be higher depending on the type of inflammation). It is more commonly associated with chronic forms of uveitis, especially anterior uveitis. Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and the development of secondary glaucoma arise as a direct or indirect consequence of uveitis, and may develop further in association with therapy for intraocular inflammation. Several types of uveitic glaucoma are distinguished according to the mechanism of development: open-angle secondary glaucoma (including steroid-induced secondary glaucoma), angle-closure secondary glaucoma, and a combination of both. It is necessary to determine the pathogenesis of uveitis and target the treatment of the inflammatory process according to it. Subsequently, it is necessary to determine the type of secondary glaucoma, which influences the choice of therapy. Compensation for IOP should be achieved as quickly as possible, before irreversible damage to the optic nerve and visual field occurs. In the first instance, we choose conservative pharmacological therapy. However, this therapy fails more often in secondary uveitic glaucoma than in primary open-angle glaucoma. For this reason, surgical or laser therapy is necessary for refractory glaucoma. Trabeculectomy remains the gold standard in surgical therapy for secondary uveitic glaucoma, but other surgical techniques can also be used (Ahmed drainage implants, goniotomy in the paediatric population, surgical iridectomy, and synechiae for angle closure etc.). The choice of method is individualised according to the clinical findings of the patient and previous ocular procedures. However, the main factor influencing the success and efficacy of filtration surgery is adequate therapy and control of the intraocular inflammatory process.
Superior discrimination of the Risk Analysis Index compared with the 5-item modified frailty index in 30-day outcome prediction after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Bowers Christian A. , Varela Samantha , Naftchi Alexandria F. , Kazim Syed Faraz , Hall Daniel E. , Ng Christina , Rawanduzy Cameron , Spirollari Eris , Vazquez Sima , Das Ankita , Graifman Gillian , Asserson Derek B. , Dominguez Jose F. , Kinon Merritt D. , Schmidt Meic H. 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this paper was to compare the predictive ability of the recalibrated Risk Analysis Index (RAI-rev) with the 5-item modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5) for postoperative outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

METHODS
This study was performed using data of adult (age > 18 years) ACDF patients obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database during the years 2015–2019. Multivariate modeling and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the curve/C-statistic calculation with the DeLong test, were performed to evaluate the comparative discriminative ability of the RAI-rev and mFI-5 for 5 postoperative outcomes.

RESULTS
Both the RAI-rev and mFI-5 were independent predictors of increased postoperative mortality and morbidity in a cohort of 61,441 ACDF patients. In the ROC analysis for 30-day mortality prediction, C-statistics indicated a significantly better performance of the RAI-rev (C-statistic = 0.855, 95% CI 0.852–0.858) compared with the mFI-5 (C-statistic = 0.684, 95% CI 0.680–0.688) (p < 0.001, DeLong test). The results were similar for postoperative ACDF morbidity, Clavien-Dindo grade IV complications, nonhome discharge, and reoperation, demonstrating the superior discriminative ability of the RAI-rev compared with the mFI-5.

CONCLUSIONS
The RAI-rev demonstrates superior discrimination to the mFI-5 in predicting postoperative ACDF mortality and morbidity. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to document frailty as an independent risk factor for postoperative mortality after ACDF. The RAI-rev has conceptual fidelity to the frailty phenotype and may be more useful than the mFI-5 in preoperative ACDF risk stratification. Prospective validation of these findings is necessary, but patients with high RAI-rev scores may benefit from knowing that they might have an increased surgical risk for ACDF morbidity and mortality.
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Russian version of the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ2.0)
Authors: Zaborovskii Nikita , Denisov Anton , Shapton John , Schlauch Adam , Ptashnikov Dmitrii , Masevnin Sergei , Smekalenkov Oleg , Murakhovsky Vladislav , Mytyga Pavel , Kondrashov Dimitriy 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE
The most validated health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) questionnaire specific to the metastatic spine cancer population is the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire version 2 (SOSGOQ2.0). The purpose of this study was to translate and validate a Russian version of the SOSGOQ2.0.

METHODS
The SOSGOQ2.0 was translated into Russian and cross-culturally adapted. In this study, 64 eligible patients completed the SOSGOQ2.0_RUS along with the EQ-5D 5 Level, SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaires, and visual analog scale for pain assessment scale (VAS). Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, in which a score of 0.65 or higher is acceptable. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by examining the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

RESULTS
Included in this study were 64 Russian-speaking patients (median age 59 years) with metastatic spine disease. The most common primary tumors were breast, kidney, and prostate cancers. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.87, indicating high internal consistency. The overall ICC for the SOSGOQ2.0_RUS was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81–0.93), indicating high reliability and consistency of the measure. The physical function, pain, and mental health domains of the SF-36 moderately correlated with the same domains of the SOSGOQ2.0_RUS, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.65 to 0.71.

CONCLUSIONS
The SOSGOQ2.0_RUS is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing the HRQOL in patients with metastatic spinal tumors. The questionnaire showed high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and good construct validity when compared with other established questionnaires.
THE EFFECT OF MAP LIBS TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN LEARNING PERSONAL PRONOUN
Authors: Veto Mortini Asti , Jaya Aswadi , Akbar Zam M. Ali 
Published: July 2023

The objectives of this study are to find out whether or not; (1) There is a significant effect of Mad Libs technique on Students’ Learning Achievement in Learning Personal Pronouns (2) There is a significant contribution of the Mad Libs technique on Students’ Learning Achievement in Learning Personal pronouns? This research used factorial experimental designs. These designs are essentially modifications of either the posttest-only control group or pretest-posttest control group designs. The sample was the students of PGRI University of Palembang. Two classes were chosen in which first class was experimental with male students was applied and the second was the second experimental group trained by Mad Libs with female students. The results showed that the First, Mad Libs technique affected the students’ learning achievement in learning Personal Pronoun at PGRI University. The result of t independent test was the mean of the experimental group was higher than the mean of the control group. It could be concluded; the experimental group and control group were significantly different and the Mad Libs technique was effective to use in improving students’ achievement in learning personal pronouns. Second, there was an interaction effect of the Mad Libs technique and students’ learning achievement toward achievement in learning personal pronouns.
БОРГОВА БЕЗПЕКА УКРАЇНИ: КЛЮЧОВІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: СТЕЦЕНКО Богдан , БУРЯЧЕНКО Андрій , ЗАХОЖАЙ Костянтин , ПРІСНЯК Сергій 
Published: July 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню практичних засад управління державним боргом та формуванню підходів до боргової безпеки України в умовах воєнного стану. Артикульовано, що з початком відкритої агресії проти нашої держави в лютому 2022 року, катастрофічно знизилися ключові макроекономічні показники, а здатність держави наповнювати державний бюджет суттєво скоротилася. Поряд з цим, з метою виконання державних функцій у сфері національної безпеки та оборони виникла потреба у різкому збільшенні фінансування цих напрямів. Фактично, у 2022-2023 рр. постало питання про фінансову спроможність України не тільки фінансувати оборонні статті державного бюджету, але й на мінімально можливому рівні спрямовувати ресурси на інші напрямки. Аналіз даних засвідчив, що виконання цих завдань було б неможливим без допомоги зовнішніх донорів. Разом з тим, треба визнати, що проблеми у сфері боргової безпеки України виникли задовго до 2022 року. Дисбаланси політики у сфері публічних фінансів змушували постійно використовувати боргове фінансування, що в кінцевому варіанті призвело до формування численних загроз та ризиків. Враховуючи надзвичайно потужну підтримку України серед країн-лідерів глобальної економіки, можна припустити, що зазначений рівень фінансової підтримки буде збережено. Проте, немає підстав стверджувати, що час та обсяги зовнішнього фінансування будуть нескінченними. Навіть в умовах воєнного стану державі потрібно реалізувати комплекс заходів, які б дали можливість зменшити рівень боргового тиску на державний бюджет. А в поствоєнному періоді зазначені задачі матимуть першочергове значення. Зазначені кроки у сфері боргової безпеки мають опиратися на досвід інших держав та використовувати сучасні сучасні технології державного боргового менеджменту.
Uji Eksperimen Konfigurasi Lup pada Termoelektrik Generator Tipe TEG SP1848-27145 SA untuk Alat Penerangan Jalan
Authors: Fahriani Vera Pangni , Sahril Muhamad , Setiawan Reza , Pertiwi Suciani Rahma 
Published: July 2023

Majunya perkembangan zaman membuat kebutuhan akan energi listrik semakin meningkat. Berbagai usaha telah dilakukan untuk mencari sumber energi listrik terbarukan, salah satunya dengan pembangkit energi listrik kapasitas mikro yang memanfaatkan energi panas dari cahaya matahari. Pemanfaatan energi panas sebagai pembangkit energi listrik dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan elemen Termoleketrik Generator (TEG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan unjuk kerja dari termoelektrik generator sebagai pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 buah termoelektrik dan 12 buah termoelektrik tipe TEG SP1848-27145 SA serta menggunakan lup (lensa kaca pembesar) untuk mengumpulkan sinar matahari ke arah plat sehingga terdapat titik fokus yang dapat meningkatkan suhu pada plat yang langsung mengenai sisi panas dari elemen termoelektrik. Frekuensi pengambilan data dilakukan tiga kali pada setiap pengujian dengan eror pengambilan data kurang lebih 5%. Hasil dari pengujian tertinggi menunjukan bahwa dengan 12 buah modul termoelektrik generator yang disusun secara seri serta dengan menggunakan lup, dapat menghasilkan tegangan keluaran sebesar 1,54 V dengan perbedaan temperatur (∆T) sebesar 25°C. Sehingga diperoleh besaran daya sebesar 0,437 W.