bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Encryption
Authors: Stohrer Christian , Lugrin Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn asymmetric encryption scheme uses two different keys, a private one and a public one. While the public key is used for encryption and may be known by others, the private key is used for decryption and must be kept secret. The widespread public critical systems are based on the integer factorization problem or the discrete logarithm problem over finite fields and elliptic curve. The minimal key length and the required size of the involved parameters should be chosen according to the current regulation or best practice advice. Current public cryptosystems are considered secure against classical computers, but most of those commonly used today will be broken by attacks from not yet existing powerful quantum computers.
Secure Payment
Authors: Ding Sophia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSecure payment is an essential element of digital commerce in a world where cash is becoming redundant, credit cards are becoming less and less critical, and mobile devices are becoming means of payment. Therefore, it must be considered through the lens of various payment methods: Credit cards have been around since the 1950s, but the introduction of chip technology and contactless payment raises new challenges for the security of payments. Commercial payment service providers, such as credit card issuers or infrastructure operators, typically implement secure payment. Additionally, there are open-source payment gateways that facilitate the transfer of payment information. The providers of these open-source solutions claim that their products facilitate integration with existing systems on the client side and provide better customization due to their modularity and adaptability.
Disk, File and Database Encryption
Authors: Gasser Linus , Aad Imad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDisk, file, and database encryption are technologies that protect data confidentiality when stored. Full disk encryption encrypts all data on a disk except the part containing the code to unlock the rest of the disk, which is usually not encrypted. File-based encryption operates at the file level and can be done by the operating system or an application. Database encryption can be done using transparent database encryption, column-level encryption, or field-level encryption. Both full disk encryption and File-based encryption allow good protection against data leakage in the case of device theft or loss. However, due to their nature, they cannot protect against an attacker who gets her hands on a device turned on or any other intruders who can run programs on the computer.
Random Number Generator
Authors: Lugrin Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost modern encryption and authentication methods rely on generating random numbers for key generation, initial vectors, or nonces. A Random Number Generator is cryptographically secure if the sequences of numbers that it generates are unpredictable. They are typically grouped into two categories: Pseudo-Random Number Generators and True Random Number Generators. Small-size, low-cost true Random Number Generators have already been integrated into off-the-shelf devices such as smartphones, computers, and hardware security modules. In addition, applications involving particularly sensitive data can combine the output from two or more independent sources of randomness for improved security.
Wrinkle-Free Sewing with Robotics: The Future of Soft Material Manufacturing
Authors: Fontana E. , Farajtabar M. , Marchello G. , Lahoud M. , Abidi H. , Meddahi A. , Baizid K. , D’Imperio M. , Cannella F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSewing flexible materials such as textiles and clothing can be challenging due to their tendency to wrinkle easily and their non-linear mechanical behaviour. Conventional methods in industrial plants are performed by workers and can be labour-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, the interest in robotic solutions has grown in the last decade. In this paper, we propose a flexible and reliable robotic solution that can autonomously remove wrinkles from fabric. This method was designed as a part of a robotic cell capable of sewing together two different textiles, used in the manufacturing of cyclist garments. The robotic system employs two compliant soft fingers to stretch the fabric and a vision system to identify the wrinkles to flatten. The design of the fingers is bio-inspired, mimicking the adaptability and dexterity of biological systems, hence improving the gripping performance while reducing the risk of damage to the fabric. The developed vision system performs instance segmentation to identify the wrinkles on the fabric, and then identifies the best places to apply the gripper to flatten the tissue. This two-step process is iterated until wrinkles on the surface do not affect the final sewn product. Such a methodology is highly flexible and has no hard requirements, as the vision system requires only an RGB camera, and the fingers are 3D-printed, an affordable and common manufacturing process. Consequently, the system proposed in this paper can be easily employed in a wide variety of industrial scenarios, improving the productivity and the welfare of the workers.
Miniature Soil Moisture Sensors for a Root-Inspired Burrowing Growing Robot
Authors: Del Dottore Emanuela , Mondini Alessio , Bray Davide , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper shows the implementation of miniature sensors for soil moisture measurement and their integration in a root-inspired burrowing growing robot. Three kinds of sensors are combined to estimate the water content in soil: a resistivity sensor composed of two brass electrodes, a commercial air humidity sensor interfaced with the soil by a filter membrane of PTFE with polyester scrim, and an RGB sensor used for visible reflectance spectroscopy. We show their integration and embeddability in a burrowing growing robot based on additive manufacturing with a 4 cm probe diameter. The multimodal sensing strategy has been characterized and tested in clay and sand medium at different water content. Results show that the resistive sensor works in all the tested ranges but is prone to failure due to electrode-soil contact issues. The air humidity sensor works accurately in a range of water content less than 5% (dry conditions), and the RGB sensor works in the 5–20% range. We propose a statistical approach for soil moisture estimation that combines all three technologies and demonstrate that we can accurately predict the water content in our experimental soils, clay and sand, with better performance in clay (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE = 0.38). The proposed miniaturized multimodal sensing strategy can enable long-term, in-situ soil moisture monitoring functionalities in self-deployable robots for precision agriculture and forestry applications.
Robotic Active Tactile Sensing Inspired by Serotonergic Modulation Using Active Inference
Authors: Novicky Filip , Offergeld Joshua , Janssen Simon , Lanillos Pablo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhen faced with uncertainty in the world, biological agents actively sense the environment to acquire the most informative input to fulfil their tasks. Actions are performed to adjust bodily sensors to maximize the collected information, which is usually known as active sensing. For instance, rodents continuously adjust the speed and amplitude of whisking to better identify objects and body location in space, which ultimately regulates navigation. Whilst, the internal mechanism that drives active sensing in humans is still under research, recent evidence points towards neuromodulators, such as serotonin, that influence whether the habitual behaviour is preferred over sensor adjustments to trigger exploration. Here, we present an active tactile-sensing model for a robot inspired by the serotonergic function viewed from the uncertainty minimization perspective. To mechanistically explain this neuromodulatory function, we associated it with precision parameters regulating habitual behaviour and tactile encoding based on previous findings. We qualitatively evaluated the model using an experiment inspired by the gap-crossing paradigm but tailored to a humanoid with tactile sensing. Behavioural switch timing results show the strong dependencies between active sensing and precision regulation. Ultimately, this work discusses how the neural microcircuitry regulates active sensing, hence opening future research of such neuromodulatory processes translated to robotics active sensing and perception.
Die Gesellschafterstellung der Erbengemeinschaft
Authors: Kowalski Philipp 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Gesellschafterrechte sind mit der Mitgliedschaft verknüpft. Diese bestimmt die Stellung einer Person infolge der Zugehörigkeit zu einem Verband. Sie steckt in der Beteiligung selbst und ist über § 1922 BGB vererblich.
Die erbrechtliche Verwaltung des Gesellschaftsanteils
Authors: Kowalski Philipp 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Vorschriften, die die Handlungsmöglichkeiten der Erbengemeinschaft regeln, sind knapp gefasst und differenzieren gemäß den §§ 2038 und 2040 BGB danach, ob es sich um eine Verwaltungsmaßnahme oder eine Verfügung handelt. Gemeinhin wird dieser Aufbau als missglückt bewertet, da er keine präzise Differenzierung nach Geschäftsführung und Vertretung vornimmt, wie es etwa die Vorschriften zur Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts in den §§ 705 ff. BGB tun. Das Recht der Erbengemeinschaft folgt damit gerade nicht dem formell separierten Aufbau, sondern einer materiellen Unterscheidung.
Die Geltendmachung gegenüber der Gesellschaft
Authors: Kowalski Philipp 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Mitgliedschaftsrechte sind die aus der Mitgliedschaft in der Körperschaft folgenden Befugnisse der Gesellschafter in Abgrenzung zu den Drittrechten wie etwa den Gläubigerrechten. Ihre Ausübung stellt begrifflich eine Maßnahme der formellen Einflussnahme auf die Gesellschaft dar. Wie macht die Erbengemeinschaft nun ein spezifisches Mitgliedschaftsrecht im Verhältnis zur Körperschaft geltend?
Vesicle-mediated transport of ALIX and ESCRT-III to the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis
Authors: Pust Sascha , Brech Andreas , Wegner Catherine Sem , Stenmark Harald , Haglund Kaisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCellular abscission is the final step of cytokinesis that leads to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. The scaffold protein ALIX and the ESCRT-I protein TSG101 contribute to recruiting ESCRT-III to the midbody, which orchestrates the final membrane scission of the intercellular bridge. Here, we addressed the transport mechanisms of ALIX and ESCRT-III subunit CHMP4B to the midbody. Structured illumination microscopy revealed gradual accumulation of ALIX at the midbody, resulting in the formation of spiral-like structures extending from the midbody to the abscission site, which strongly co-localized with CHMP4B. Live-cell microscopy uncovered that ALIX appeared together with CHMP4B in vesicular structures, whose motility was microtubule-dependent. Depletion of ALIX led to structural alterations of the midbody and delayed recruitment of CHMP4B, resulting in delayed abscission. Likewise, depletion of the kinesin-1 motor KIF5B reduced the motility of ALIX-positive vesicles and delayed midbody recruitment of ALIX, TSG101 and CHMP4B, accompanied by impeded abscission. We propose that ALIX, TSG101 and CHMP4B are associated with endosomal vesicles transported on microtubules by kinesin-1 to the cytokinetic bridge and midbody, thereby contributing to their function in abscission.
Evaluation of a 3D-printed hands-on radius fracture model during teaching courses
Authors: Neijhoft Jonas , Sterz Jasmina , Rüsseler Miriam , Britz Vanessa , Bepler Lena , Freund Verena , Horz Christian , Henrich Dirk , Marzi Ingo , Janko Maren 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3D-printed hands-on radius fracture model for teaching courses. The model was designed to enhance understanding and knowledge of radius fractures among medical students during their clinical training.

Methods
The 3D models of radius fractures were generated using CT scans and computer-aided design software. The models were then 3D printed using Fused-Filament-Fabrication (FFF) technology. A total of 170 undergraduate medical students participated in the study and were divided into three groups. Each group was assigned one of three learning aids: conventional X-ray, CT data, or a 3D-printed model. After learning about the fractures, students completed a questionnaire to assess their understanding of fracture mechanisms, ability to assign fractures to the AO classification, knowledge of surgical procedures, and perception of the teaching method as well as the influence of such courses on their interest in the specialty of trauma surgery. Additionally, students were tested on their ability to allocate postoperative X-ray images to the correct preoperative image or model and to classify them to the AO classification.

Results
The 3D models were well received by the students, who rated them as at least equal or better than traditional methods such as X-ray and CT scans. Students felt that the 3D models improved their understanding of fracture mechanisms and their ability to explain surgical procedures. The results of the allocation test showed that the combination of the 3D model and X-ray yielded the highest accuracy in classifying fractures according to the AO classification system, although the results were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The 3D-printed hands-on radius fracture model proved to be an effective teaching tool for enhancing students' understanding of fracture anatomy. The combination of 3D models with the traditional imaging methods improved students' ability to classify fractures and allocate postoperative images correctly.
Fine dust after sanding untreated and thermally modified spruce, oak, and meranti wood
Authors: Sydor Maciej , Majka Jerzy , Hanincová Luďka , Kučerka Martin , Kminiak Richard , Kristak Lubos , Pędzik Marta , Očkajová Alena , Rogoziński Tomasz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAirborne wood dust poses health and safety risks in the construction and furniture industry. The study verified whether the thermal modification affects the share of fine wood dust particles (< 10 μm) generated during spruce, oak, and meranti wood sanding. The experimental research involved nine material variants, including three wood species in three states: untreated, thermally modified at 160 °C, and thermally modified at 220 °C). To collect at least 200 g of each dust sample, a belt sander with P80 sandpaper and a belt speed of 10 m/s was used, along with a dust collector. The collected dust was then separated into fractions using a set of sieves with aperture sizes of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, and 125 μm. A laser particle sizer was employed to measure the sizes of dust particles in the under-sieve fraction (dust with particle sizes smaller than 125 μm). The under-sieve fraction was decomposed into three subfractions, with particle sizes: <2.5, 2.5-4.0, and 4.0–10 μm. Surprisingly the results indicate that sanding dust from thermally modified wood generates a lower average mass share of potentially harmful fine particle fractions than dust from untreated wood. Oak dust contained a higher mass share of fine particles compared to the spruce and meranti dust samples. Dust from thermally modified oak and meranti wood had a lower content of harmful particle fractions than dust from untreated wood. The average mass shares of these dust fractions for modified wood at 160 and 220 °C showed no statictically significant differences (p < 0.05). Conversely, spruce dust had a low content of fine fractions because spruce particles exhibit a more irregular elongated shape. The study considered the extreme temperatures of 160 and 220 °C used in the thermal modification of wood. Therefore, the above statements are assumed to be valid for all intermediate thermo-modification temperatures.
Analysis of manufacturing and material parameters in 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts filled with glass powder: mechanical, economic, and environmental assessment
Authors: Castanon-Jano Laura , Palomera-Obregon Paula , Blanco-Fernandez Elena , Indacoechea-Vega Irune 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of the addition of glass powder, nozzle size, and infill density on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) pieces. To do so, a factorial design of experiments was accomplished. The specimens were tested under tensile and bending conditions. Regression equations were extracted from the maximal strength, strain at maximal strength and modulus, and an analysis of the significance of the terms was carried out. All the factors influence the output variables, independently and in combination. As for the environmental impact, a cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis (LCA) of the printing material with different glass powder additions, including the manufacturing process and transportation of the raw materials, was performed. Additionally, a cost assessment of each alternative was calculated for each case. Since the concurrence of mechanical, environmental, and cost performance is needed to enter a new product in the industry, a multicriteria decision-making analysis was performed to select the best combination. The criteria considered were the material and printing costs and the environmental impact, all normalized with maximal strength. Two different alternatives were found to be the best solution depending on the strength selected. Both of them were printed using a 1.2-mm nozzle with 100% infill and different glass percentages.
AMPK-mediated autophagy is involved in the protective effect of canagliflozin in the vitamin D3 plus nicotine calcification model in rats
Authors: Hewedy Wafaa A. , Abdulmalek Shaymaa A. , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Habiba Esraa S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVascular calcification (VC) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. A mutual interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy is implicated in its development. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of canagliflozin in a vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) model of VC, and to explore potential mechanisms. VC was induced by VDN in adult male Wistar rats on day one. Then, rats were randomly assigned into three groups to receive canagliflozin (10 mg or 20 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle for 4 weeks. Age-matched normal rats served as a control group. After euthanization, aorta and kidneys were harvested for biochemical and histopathological evaluation of calcification. Aortic markers of oxidative stress, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, runt-related transcription factor (Runx2) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) levels were determined. Additionally, the protein expression of autophagic markers, LC3 and p62, and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) were also assessed in aortic homogenates. Canagliflozin dose-dependently improved renal function, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of aortic tissues and reduced calcium deposition in rat aortas and kidneys. Both doses of canagliflozin attenuated ALP and osteogenic markers while augmented the expression of autophagic markers and AMPK. Histopathological examination of aortas and kidneys by H&E and Von Kossa stain further support the beneficial effect of canagliflozin. Canagliflozin could alleviate VDN-induced vascular calcification, in a dose dependent manner, via its antioxidant effect and modulation of autophagy. Further studies are needed to verify whether this effect is a member or a class effect.
Quantum Unique Ergodicity for Cayley Graphs of Quasirandom Groups
Authors: Magee Michael , Thomas Joe , Zhao Yufei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA finite groupGis calledC-quasirandom (by Gowers) if all non-trivial irreducible complex representations ofGhave dimension at leastC. For any unit$$\ell ^{2}$$ℓ2function on a finite group we associate thequantum probability measureon the group given by the absolute value squared of the function. We show that if a group is highly quasirandom, in the above sense, then any Cayley graph of this group has an orthonormal eigenbasis of the adjacency operator such that the quantum probability measures of the eigenfunctions put close to the correct proportion of their mass on suitably selected subsets of the group that are not too small.
Bound States and Heat Kernels for Fractional-Type Schrödinger Operators with Singular Potentials
Authors: Jakubowski Tomasz , Kaleta Kamil , Szczypkowski Karol 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider non-local Schrödinger operators $$H=-L-V$$

H
=
-
L
-
V

in $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

, $$d \geqslant 1$$

d
⩾
1

, where the kinetic terms L are pseudo-differential operators which are perturbations of the fractional Laplacian by bounded non-local operators and V is the fractional Hardy potential. We prove pointwise estimates of eigenfunctions corresponding to negative eigenvalues and upper finite-time horizon estimates for heat kernels. We also analyze the relation between the matching lower estimates of the heat kernel and the ground state near the origin. Our results cover the relativistic Schrödinger operator with Coulomb potential.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis with aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes: a case-based literature review
Authors: Mo Jonathan Tomonaga , Darrow Morgan Angus , Sharma Julia Devi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a neoplastic transformation of myeloid precursors that commonly presents as an osteolytic lesion of the long or flat bones in children. Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign neoplasms that frequently affect the metaphysis of long bones and the spine, often revealing a rapidly expansile lesion with fluid-fluid levels. LCH with secondary ABC-like changes is a rare condition that has only been reported five times, with two presentations in the cranium. The aim of this paper is to review the etiology, clinical and radiographic presentations, and treatment of this condition, as well as to present a novel case on the topic.

Case description
We describe a 5-year-old boy with a rapidly growing head mass and eye pain resulting in a diagnosis of LCH with secondary ABC-like changes. Radiography demonstrated an expansile, lytic lesion of the left parietal bone with fluid-fluid levels. A confirmatory diagnosis was made through histopathology, demonstrating an inflammatory, histiocytic infiltrate staining positive for CD1a, CD68, CD207 (Langerin), and S-100. The lesion was surgically excised, and the patient recovered without any complications.

Conclusion
We present a novel case of LCH with secondary ABC-like changes managed with surgical excision. While a radiographic workup with multiple imaging modalities is helpful for diagnosis, a thorough immunohistochemical analysis is essential as imaging characteristics are variable and nonspecific. Furthermore, surgical excision should be considered first-line treatment for lesions involving the skull in surgically accessible areas as it is curative, alleviates symptoms, and allows for histopathological diagnosis.