bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The art of plucking the goose: Chinese urban residents' tax consciousness
Authors: Zhang Changdong , Dickson Bruce 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPublic finance lies at the heart of politics. It shapes citizens' political attitudes and behaviors. While the expenditure side has been studied very extensively, the income side has been neglected, especially in authoritarian regimes. Taking China as an ideal case, we use a nation‐wide random sample of urban residents to study how citizens under strong authoritarian states perceive their tax burdens. We find that Chinese citizens have low tax consciousness, defined as the perception of fairness both in comparison to people they know and to the amount of public goods they receive. Citizens' income, the amount of public goods they receive, and media consumption have important effects on their tax perception. We argue that there are three mechanisms used by China's “half‐tax state” to reduce their citizens' tax perception: (1) reduce the salience of people's tax burden, conditional on their income level, (2) generate fiscal illusion effects while providing public services in return for taxes paid, and (3) use propaganda to shape the ideology of tax compliance.
TO FLY THE PLANE: LANGUAGE GAMES, HISTORICAL NARRATIVES, AND EMOTIONS
Authors: Reddy William M. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe common Western distinction between reason and emotion (which is not found outside Western‐influenced traditions) tends to obscure an important distinction between two kinds of thinking: logical and mathematical reasoning, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, what is sometimes called “situational awareness,” a kind of thinking that involves striving to take into account multiple simultaneously true descriptions of a situation. Emotion, as understood in appraisal theory (that is, as inherently cognitive and intentional), is one kind of thinking that contributes to—indeed, is crucial to—situational awareness in this sense. Intention also belongs to situational awareness. Whatever long‐term goals we pursue, present action must be attuned to immediate circumstances. One is faced with an indefinite number of ways to describe what is going on at any moment, and this second kind of thinking involves striving to identify a crucial subset of these true descriptions that one can respond to via an intentional action, procedure, or plan. Maintaining situational awareness in this sense is the goal of “crew resource management” (CRM), a flight crew teamwork strategy and emotional regime aimed at ensuring airline safety. The philosophical works of Wittgenstein, Anscombe, Austin, Habermas, and Danto, among others, help explain the remarkable successes of crew resource management. This article tests this explanation's applicability to nonmodern contexts by briefly discussing the letters of Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne d'Albret between 1551 and 1562.
Associations between alcohol and cigarette use and type 1 and 2 myocardial infarction among people with HIV
Authors: Drumright Lydia N. , Nance Robin M. , Ruderman Stephanie A. , Ma Jimmy , Whitney Bridget M. , Hahn Andrew , Fredericksen Rob J. , Luu Brandon , Lober William B. , Moore Richard D. , Budoff Matthew J. , Keruly Jeanne C. , Christopoulos Katerina , Puryear Sarah , Willig Amanda , Cropsey Karen , Mathews William C. , Cachay Edward , Bamford Laura , Eron Joseph J. , Napravnik Sonia , Mayer Kenneth H. , O'Cleirigh Conall , Mccaul Mary E. , Chander Geetanjali , Feinstein Matthew J. , Saag Michael S. , Kitahata Mari M. , Heckbert Susan R. , Crane Heidi M. , Delaney Joseph A. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesPeople with HIV have a higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI) than the general population, with a greater proportion of type 2 MI (T2MI) due to oxygen demand–supply mismatch compared with type 1 (T1MI) resulting from atherothrombotic plaque disruption. People living with HIV report a greater prevalence of cigarette and alcohol use than do the general population. Alcohol use and smoking as risk factors for MI by type are not well studied among people living with HIV. We examined longitudinal associations between smoking and alcohol use patterns and MI by type among people living with HIV.Design and MethodsUsing longitudinal data from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort, we conducted time‐updated Cox proportional hazards models to determine the impact of smoking and alcohol consumption on adjudicated T1MI and T2MI.ResultsAmong 13 506 people living with HIV, with a median 4 years of follow‐up, we observed 177 T1MI and 141 T2MI. Current smoking was associated with a 60% increase in risk of both T1MI and T2MI. In addition, every cigarette smoked per day was associated with a 4% increase in risk of T1MI, with a suggestive, but not significant, 2% increase for T2MI. Cigarette use had a greater impact on T1MI for men than for women and on T2MI for women than for men. Increasing alcohol use was associated with a lower risk of T1MI but not T2MI. Frequency of heavy episodic alcohol use was not associated with MI.ConclusionsOur findings reinforce the prioritization of smoking reduction, even without cessation, and cessation among people living with HIV for MI prevention and highlight the different impacts on MI type by gender.
Potential of MnO2‐based composite and numerous morphological for enhancing supercapacitors performance
Authors: Diantoro Markus , Istiqomah Istiqomah , Fath Yusril Al , Nasikhudin Nasikhudin , Alias Yatimah , Meevasana Worawat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of materials and electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies are currently taking the lead and showing excellent performance in the global effort to tackle the issues of sustainable energy supply. Supercapacitors have been widely studied among the EES technologies as they exhibit quick charging rates under high‐power conditions. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) has attracted renewed interest as a promising material due to its high theoretical capacitance and high energy density. However, the widespread application is immediately impacted by low conductivity. Hence, combining nanomaterials and various morphologies of MnO2 can improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. This paper presents a review based on the composites of nanomaterials/MnO2 with various morphologies. Their mechanism and practical applications in supercapacitors are introduced in detail. Finally, the challenges and next steps in developing MnO2 electrode materials are proposed.
Investigating young adults' use of Internet credit services: A reflective‐impulsive dual‐process model
Authors: Ma Long , Yao Kai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile Internet credit services are proliferating fast, they bring serious debt problems, especially to young adults, and further result in negative psychological and social issues. The present study aims to investigate the influential factors underlying the usage of Internet credit services among young adults. Particularly, a dual‐process model is proposed by integrating both the reflective and impulsive decision‐making process. While the reflective process is modelled based on the theory of planned behaviour, the impulsive process is manifested by examining the antecedents of impulse to use Internet credit services, including immediate gratification, materialism, and self‐control. A survey was administered among young adults and 992 valid questionnaires were collected. PLS‐SEM methods were applied to analyse the data. It was revealed that the reflective decision‐making process exerts significant influence on young adults' usage of Internet credit services, and the impulsive process plays important role in impacting people's usage of Internet credit services among the lower income group. In addition, immediate gratification and materialism were found to positively affect the impulse to use, whereas self‐control was identified as an inhibitor of impulse to use Internet credit services. Implications of the finding are discussed at the end of the paper.
Trispecific antibodies for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yao Yin , Hu Yiyin , Wang Fei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the clinical success of monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, there are still limitations in the therapeutic effect of malignant tumours, such as low response rate, treatment resistance, and so on, inspiring the exploration of trispecific antibodies (TsAbs). TsAbs further improve the safety and efficacy and has great clinical potential through three targets combination and formats optimization. This article reviews the development history and the target combination features of TsAbs. Although there are still great challenges in the clinical application of TsAbs, it is undeniable that TsAbs may be a breakthrough in the development of antibody drugs.
Antiviral effect and mechanism of Phillyrin and its reformulated FS21 against influenza
Authors: Chen Yan , Wu Cunjin , Li Huifen , Powell Harrison , Chen Allison , Zhu Guodong , Cong Weihong , Fu Li , Pekosz Andrew , Leng Sean X. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza virus causes significant morbidity and mortality with pandemic threat. Oleaceae Fructus Forsythiae is a medicinal herb. This study aimed to investigate antiviral effect of Phillyrin, a purified bioactive compound from this herb, and its reformulated preparation FS21 against influenza and its mechanism.MethodsMadin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells were infected by one of six influenza viruses: five influenza A viruses (IAVs: three H1N1 and two H3N2) and one influenza B virus (IBV). Virus‐induced cytopathic effects were observed and recorded under microscope. Viral replication and mRNA transcription were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein expression by Western blot. Infectious virus production was assessed using TCID50 assay, and IC50 was calculated accordingly. Pretreatment and time‐of‐addition experiments with Phillyrin or FS21 added 1 h before or in early (0–3 h), mid (3–6 h), or late (6–9 h) stages of viral infection were performed to assess their antiviral effects. Mechanistic studies included hemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition, viral binding and entry, endosomal acidification, and plasmid‐based influenza RNA polymerase activity.ResultsPhillyrin and FS21 had potent antiviral effects against all six IAV and IBV in a dose‐dependent manner. Mechanistic studies showed that both suppressed influenza viral RNA polymerase with no effect on virus‐mediated hemagglutination inhibition, viral binding or entry, endosomal acidification, or neuraminidase activity.ConclusionsPhillyrin and FS21 have broad and potent antiviral effects against influenza viruses with inhibition of viral RNA polymerase as the distinct antiviral mechanism.
Does a black light lens aid in composite removal?
Authors: Teer Kelly R. , Kisling Annabel C. , Tantbirojn Daranee , Callahan William R. , Nordin Jeffery S. , Levey Bard J. , Versluis Antheunis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a black light lens as visual aid in composite restoration removal. Lost tooth structure, residual composite, and removal time were compared for operators with different levels of experience.MethodsOcclusal preparations in 24 matched‐pair extracted molars were etched, bonded, restored with composite, and thermocycled. The restored teeth were radiographed and two faculty and two student doctors removed the restorations with or without a black light lens while time was recorded. Digital scans of the cavity before and after restoration removal were used to calculate lost tooth structure and residual composite.ResultsRemoval of restorations resulted in tooth structure loss and left residual composite. The use of the black light lens had no significant effect (two‐way ANOVA; p value >0.05). However, operator experience significantly affected operating times and average depth of tooth structure loss (two‐way ANOVA; p value <0.05). Student doctors assisted by the black light lost less tooth structure than experienced operators and improved their operating times (multiple comparisons; p value <0.05).ConclusionsThe black light lens did not conserve tooth structure or avoid composite remnants compared to routine operation, nor affected the operating time. However, less‐experienced operators did benefit from the black light in conserving tooth structure and time.Clinical SignificanceReplacement of defective composite restorations is a regular practice in restorative dentistry. When existing composite restorations are removed, loss of tooth structure is unavoidable. A black light lens might improve the ability of operators with less experience to conserve tooth structure even though it did not provide benefits for the experienced operators.
Bidirectional sex change and plasticity of gonadal phases in the goby Lubricogobius exiguus
Authors: Oyama Takumi , Sonoyama Takayuki , Kasai Miku , Sakai Yoichi , Sunobe Tomoki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOf the ca. 500 known hermaphroditic fish species, bidirectional sex change and simultaneous hermaphroditism are currently known in 69 and 57 species, respectively. Both bidirectional sex change and simultaneous hermaphroditism are predicted to evolve when mating opportunities are limited, such as in cases of low‐density distribution and low mobility of individuals. However, the plasticity of sex is adaptive in obtaining mating opportunities, especially when there is mate loss. Pair‐rearing experiments and histological observations of gonads of the goby Lubricogobius exiguus, which has low‐density distributions and low mobility, showed bidirectional sex change. The male‐role individuals in pairs had gonads in which only the testis was functional (male‐phase), whereas the female‐role individuals had two types of gonads: only the ovary was functional (female‐phase) or both testis and ovary were functional (simultaneously hermaphroditic phase, SH‐phase). In addition, single‐rearing experiments showed SH‐phase gonads in all individuals, and some cyclic spawning but no self‐fertilization occurred. These results revealed that L. exiguus has an unusual sexual pattern among hermaphroditic fishes because they undergo bidirectional sex change and some maintain SH‐phase gonads. These findings indicate that the low‐density distribution and low mobility of L. exiguus in their natural habitat may have influenced the evolution of this unique sexual pattern.
The role of restrictive scope‐of‐practice regulations on the delivery of nurse practitioner‐delivered home‐based primary care
Authors: Osakwe Zainab Toteh , Liu Bian , Ankuda Claire K. , Ritchie Christine S. , Leff Bruce , Ornstein Katherine A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNurse practitioners (NPs) are the largest group of providers delivering home‐based primary care (HBPC) in the U.S. We examined the association of scope‐of‐practice regulations and NP‐HBPC rates.MethodsUsing the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Provider Utilization and Payment Data Public Use File for 2019, we conducted a state‐level analysis to examine the impact of scope‐of‐practice regulations on the utilization of NP‐HBPC. Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes were used to identify the HBPC visits in private residences (99341–99,345, 99,347–99,350) and domiciliary settings (99324–99,328, 99,334–99,337). We used linear regression to compare NP‐HBPC utilization rates between states of either restricted or reduced scope‐of‐practice laws to states with full scope‐of‐practice, adjusting for a number of NP‐HBPC providers, state ranking of total assisted living, the proportion of fee‐for‐service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries and neighborhood‐level socio‐economic status and race and ethnicity.ResultsNearly half of NPs providing HBPC (46%; n = 7151) were in states with a restricted scope of practice regulations. Compared to states with full scope‐of‐practice, states with restricted or reduced scope‐of‐practice had higher adjusted rates of NP‐HBPC per 1000 FFS Medicare beneficiaries. The average level of the utilization rate of NP‐HBPC was 89.9, 63, and 49.1 visits, per 1000 FFS Medicare beneficiaries in states with restricted, reduced, and full‐ scope‐of‐practice laws, respectively. The rate of NP‐HBPC visits was higher in states with restricted (Beta coefficient = 0.92; 95%CI 0.13–1.72; p = 0.023) and reduced scope‐of‐practice laws (Beta coefficient = 0.91; 95%CI 0.03–1.79; p = 0.043) compared to states with full scope‐of‐practice laws.ConclusionRestricted state NP scope‐of‐practice regulations were associated with higher rates of FFS Medicare NP‐HBPC care delivery compared with full or reduced scope‐of‐practice. Understanding underlying mechanisms of how scope‐of‐practice affects NP‐HBPC delivery could help to develop scope‐of‐practice regulations that improve access to HBPC for the underserved homebound population.
Financial stability, stranded assets and the low‐carbon transition – A critical review of the theoretical and applied literatures
Authors: Daumas Louis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransitioning to a low‐carbon economy will entail sweeping transformations of energy and economic systems. A growing research body has raised concerns about the effect of such strain on financial stability. This literature on “financial transition risk” has highlighted that the conjunction of climate policy, technological change and shifts in consumption patterns may propagate to financial markets. In extreme cases, these dynamics may result in a “Climate‐Minsky” moment with systemic implications. The field has developed quickly, covering many methods and research questions. While this expansion in literature is advantageous when studying a complex issue like the low‐carbon transition, it also comes with downsides. The large number of methods hampers result comparison, and the integration of research designs. It also makes it difficult to provide a synthetic view of results in the literature as well as identify remaining uncertainties. To bridge these gaps, I propose a critical review of the literature. I examine three sub‐fields: the asset stranding literature, the direct assessment of transition risks through prospective models and the financial empirics of the low‐carbon transition. I expound their main results, critically assess underlying methodologies and propose a framework to compare results. The review ends by suggesting some avenues for future research.
The role of family composition in students' learning growth during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: de Leeuw Suzanne , Haelermans Carla , Jacobs Madelon , van der Velden Rolf , van Vugt Lynn , van Wetten Sanne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the role of family composition on children's development during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, net of family socioeconomic status (SES).BackgroundAt the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the first half of 2020, schools closed and children all around the world were sent home, providing a rare opportunity to study the association between family composition and children's educational performance.MethodThis study uses an extraordinary large‐scale dataset on learning growth in primary education combined with extensive family background information (Netherlands Cohort Study on Education [NCO]). Using a difference‐in‐differences design and school‐fixed effects, the association between family composition and learning growth before and during the school closure was compared, while controlling for family SES.ResultsWe find that during the pandemic, the effect of family composition on learning growth increased. Children in single‐parent families and children in large families suffered larger learning losses during the pandemic than children in two‐parent families and small families. Firstborn children experienced slightly less learning loss during the pandemic.ConclusionThe results indicated that the effect of family composition increased during the first school closure, even after controlling for family SES.ImplicationsThis study provides evidence of family composition effects net of family SES. This indicates that apart from family SES, family composition should be taken into account to identify students at risk of learning loss.
Behavioral influences on the relationship between firms' aspiration performance gap and innovation input: The moderating role of executives' vocational socialization
Authors: Zhu Chunling , Xiao Yihui , Wang Ruxi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile extant research shows a curvilinear relationship between aspiration performance gaps and innovation input, we know far less about how vocational experiences of key firm decisions makers may shift this relationship. We propose the concept of executives' vocational socialization and explore how it influences the relationship between firms' aspiration performance gaps and innovation input from the perspectives of the behavioral theory of the firm and upper echelons theory. We theorize that two aspects of executives' vocational socialization, namely, executives' technical career experience and firm tenure, strengthen the inverted U‐shaped relationship between the negative aspiration performance gap and innovation input and weaken the U‐shaped relationship between the positive aspiration performance gap and innovation input respectively. We test these hypotheses using a panel dataset of 1158 listed firms in China from 2008 to 2017, and the empirical results from switching regression and fixed‐effect models support our hypotheses. Our study contributes to research on the aspiration performance gap, innovation input, and behavioral theory of the firm.
Mucormycosis in Africa: Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment outcomes
Authors: Osaigbovo Iriagbonse I. , Ekeng Bassey E. , Davies Adeyinka A. , Oladele Rita O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMucorales fungi cause mucormycosis, an invasive and rapidly progressive disease which increasingly affects mostly immunocompromised but also immunocompetent individuals. The objective of this study was to highlight the epidemiology, diagnostic modalities, treatment and overall survival of mucormycosis in Africa. We searched for relevant publications in PubMed, Google Scholar and African Journal Online databases covering the period 1960–2022. A total of 147 articles were identified, of which 66 were included in the review, detailing 408 individual cases from 12 African countries; 330 (80.9%) from North Africa, 63 (15.4%) from Southern Africa, seven (1.7%) from East Africa, seven (1.7%) from West Africa and a single case (0.2%) from Central Africa. The most frequently described clinical forms were rhino‐orbital‐cerebral (n = 307, 75.2%) and gastrointestinal (n = 51, 12.5%). Diabetes mellitus, COVID‐19, malignancies and neutropaenia were the commonest underlying risks in 203 (49.8%), 101 (24.8%), 65 (15.9%) and 53 (13.0%) cases respectively. Most cases, 296 (72.5%) were diagnosed by histopathology. Fungal aetiology was identified in 38 (9.3%), of which the commonest was Rhizopus oryzae/arrhizus (27/38, 71.1%). Of the 408 cases, 334 (81.9%) patients received antifungal therapy, while 244 (59.8%) had surgery. In cases with a specified outcome, survival rate was 59.1% (228/386). Based on case reporting, a substantial burden of mucormycosis occurs in North Africa but the disease is rarely reported in most of the sub‐Saharan region. Establishing a comprehensive registry for standardised data collection could improve understanding of the epidemiology of mucormycosis in the region.