bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DRL based binary computation offloading in wireless powered mobile edge computing
Authors: Shen Guanqun , Chen Wenchao , Zhu Bincheng , Chi Kaikai , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the wireless powered mobile edge computing combining wireless power transmission (WPT) and mobile edge computing, where the hybrid access point (HAP) uses multiple radio beams to charge multiple wireless devices (WDs) and WD adopts the binary offloading mode to offload computation workload to HAP via FDMA. It is aimed to maximize the sum computation rate (SCR) of WDs by jointly optimizing the binary offloading decision, transmit power of each radio beam, and WPT duration. Due to the strong coupling between the offloading decision and other optimization variables, the SCR maximization is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. To address this challenging problem, an online DRL‐based decoupling optimization algorithm is proposed. Specifically, the original problem is first split into a top‐problem of optimizing binary offloading decision and a sub‐problem of optimizing transmit powers and WPT duration under given offloading decision. Then a self‐learning DRL framework is designed to output the near‐optimal offloading decisions. Finally, for the sub‐problem, based on the Lagrangian dual theory, an efficient approach to fast obtain the closed‐form expression of the optimal solution is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed DRL‐based algorithm can achieve the near‐maximal SCR with low computational complexity.
Identity, status and role in UK foreign policy: Brexit and beyond
Authors: Webber Mark 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrexit—the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union—is at the same time historic, controversial and of enduring significance. That description applies to both the UK’s domestic politics and (the focus here) its external relations. This article introduces the special issue ‘Adapting to Brexit: Identity, Status and Role in UK Foreign Policy’. It suggests that Brexit has had a dual character–being a source of both anxiety and opportunity for the UK—and, in consequence, can be usefully analysed through the concept of role adaptation. A focus on national ‘roles’ is a well-established way to think about what drives foreign policy. But role only makes sense when linked to the parallel concepts of status and identity. Insofar as Brexit has challenged (or, for some, has boosted), the status and identity of the UK, then so role adaptation becomes necessary. This piece outlines all three concepts—role, identity and status—placing them at the service of an analysis of Brexit’s effects on British foreign policy. That framing is then deployed in the thematic articles which follow.
Beyond the neoconservative legacy in American counterterrorism policy: from George W. Bush to forever war
Authors: Biegon Rubrick , Watts Tom F. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMore than two decades after the 9/11 attacks, the militarised approach to counterterrorism initiated by the George W. Bush Administration remains firmly in place. Growing frustration with these actions has prompted debates on ‘forever war’. This article traces the origins of ‘forever war’ to the interplay of neoconservatism and conservative nationalism in the George W. Bush Administration, which aimed at preserving American primacy through the cultivation of overwhelming military power. The Administration’s support for the revolution in military affairs contributed to the development of a more remote counterterrorism approach, which helps explain the continuities in US counterterrorism policies across the latter Bush administration as well as the Obama and Trump presidencies. By helping embed a ‘common sense’ understanding that further 9/11-style attacks could only be prevented by enduring and aggressive military action against transnational terrorist organisations, neoconservatism shaped the evolution of American counterterrorism policy. The specific influence of neoconservatism must be qualified and contextualised, however, because the strategic commitment to primacy had wider support within the Bush Administration.
Speed of extirpation of the huemul in the history of human occupation in Patagonia
Authors: Zuliani Melina E. , Smith-Flueck Jo Anne M. , Flueck Werner T. , Monjeau Adrian J. 
Published: July 2023

Context The Patagonian huemul, an endangered Odocoilinedeer, has an estimated 350–500 individuals remaining in Argentina. Today’s population size, representing a numerical reduction of >99% of original estimates, is fragmented into small groups along ~2000 km of Andean mountains. The species’ numbers were heavily reduced by past overexploitation and they disappeared in areas of high anthropogenic activity, predominantly the fertile valley bottoms. Aims This research delineates the current potential distribution of Patagonian huemul by using climatic indicators, topographic and vegetational proxies, and anthropogenic pressure, to determine the relevance of the climatic envelope on current distribution. Methods Occurrence records (latitude and longitude) were compiled (n = 159) by consulting the literature. Twenty environmental variables were used (WorldClim database) and two other representative environmental variables (normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI)) were added to test their predictive power. We added the human footprint index (HFP) as a variable to control for model bias. Using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt), we modelled the species’ potential distribution. We designated the historical distribution as area M. Additionally, we calculated three areas of distribution: current, historical and potential. Finally, we calculated distributional retraction of the species and area lost per year. Key results The model showed good predictive power (AUCTest = 0.764 ± 0.091). However, low values were obtained for AUCtrain and AUCprom for the different predictor scenarios. Although the model shows the interaction among several climatic, environmental, and topographic variables, the human footprint index (39.9%) was the variable that most influenced the current potential distribution of this species. Conclusion Our model shows that most of Patagonia’s surface is climatically suitable for huemul. This suggests that the causes of distributional retraction are not related to limitations imposed by the climate envelope, but rather concur with recent research showing impact owing to the species’ behavioural response to anthropogenic activity. Implications Current populations are small, fragmented, and confined to poor-quality sites. Although the species is currently found mainly within protected areas, management actions must be initiated that promote innovative strategies in unprotected areas, as well as high-value habitats, particularly as protected areas contain limited fertile lower-valley habitats.
TAGAP activates Th17 cell differentiation by promoting RhoA and NLRP3 to accelerate rheumatoid arthritis development
Authors: Sun Hong-Gang , Jiang Qi , Fan Wen-Jing , Shen Xu-Yan , Wang Zhao-Wei , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can give rise to joint swelling and inflammation, potentially affecting the entire body, closely linked to the state of T cells. The T-cell activation Rho GTPase activating protein (TAGAP) is associated with many autoimmune diseases including RA and is directly linked to the differentiation of Th17 cells. The present study intends to investigate the influence of TAGAP on the RA progression and its mechanism to empower new treatments for RA. A collagen-induced-arthritis (CIA) rat model was constructed, as well as the extraction of CD4+ T cells. RT-qPCR, H&E staining and safranin O/fast green staining revealed that TAGAP interference reduced TAGAP production in the ankle joint of CIA rats, and joint inflammation and swelling were alleviated, which reveals that TAGAP interference reduces synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion in the rat ankle joint. Expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17) revealed that TAGAP interference suppressed the inflammatory response. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix-degrading enzymes, and anti-inflammatory cytokines at the mRNA level was detected by RT-qPCR and revealed that TAGAP interference contributed to the remission of RA. Mechanistically, TAGAP interference caused a significant decrease in the levels of RhoA and NLRP3. Assessment of Th17/Treg levels by flow cytometry revealed that TAGAP promotes Th17 cells differentiation and inhibits Treg cells differentiation in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, TAGAP interference may decrease the differentiation of Th17 cells by suppressing the expression of RhoA and NLRP3 to slow down the RA progression.
Connectome-based predictive modeling of fluid intelligence: evidence for a global system of functionally integrated brain networks
Authors: Wilcox Ramsey R , Barbey Aron K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience continues to advance our understanding of the neural foundations of human intelligence, with significant progress elucidating the role of the frontoparietal network in cognitive control mechanisms for flexible, intelligent behavior. Recent evidence in network neuroscience further suggests that this finding may represent the tip of the iceberg and that fluid intelligence may depend on the collective interaction of multiple brain networks. However, the global brain mechanisms underlying fluid intelligence and the nature of multi-network interactions remain to be well established. We therefore conducted a large-scale Connectome-based Predictive Modeling study, administering resting-state fMRI to 159 healthy college students and examining the contributions of seven intrinsic connectivity networks to the prediction of fluid intelligence, as measured by a state-of-the-art cognitive task (the Bochum Matrices Test). Specifically, we aimed to: (i) identify whether fluid intelligence relies on a primary brain network or instead engages multiple brain networks; and (ii) elucidate the nature of brain network interactions by assessing network allegiance (within- versus between-network connections) and network topology (strong versus weak connections) in the prediction of fluid intelligence. Our results demonstrate that whole-brain predictive models account for a large and significant proportion of variance in fluid intelligence (18%) and illustrate that the contribution of individual networks is relatively modest by comparison. In addition, we provide novel evidence that the global architecture of fluid intelligence prioritizes between-network connections and flexibility through weak ties. Our findings support a network neuroscience approach to understanding the collective role of brain networks in fluid intelligence and elucidate the system-wide network mechanisms from which flexible, adaptive behavior is constructed.
Low heritability of social phenotypes in a nonpasserine waterbird
Authors: Minias Piotr , Drzewińska-Chańko Joanna , Włodarczyk Radosław 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Most behavioral traits are known to be weakly heritable, possibly due to their extreme complexity and flexibility. Despite this general pattern, within-species variation in avian colony size choice has been reported to have a strong additive genetic component, but we are aware of no attempts to assess the heritability of avian sociality at the finer spatial scale. Here, we used an animal model and parent–offspring regression to quantify additive genetic variance in social phenotype (local nesting density) in a nonpasserine waterbird, the common tern Sterna hirundo. For this purpose, we used a novel experimental framework, where variation in the social environment was generated by providing birds with artificial patches of attractive nesting substrate that markedly varied in size. During 2011–2019, we collected data on social preferences for either low or high nesting density in over 250 individuals, either kin (mostly parent–offspring relationships) or non-kin recorded breeding multiple times across years. All heritability estimates of local nesting density were low (&lt;0.10), irrespectively of fixed effects (sex and year) included in the models, data used in the modeling (all individuals vs. early recruits), or methodological approach (animal model vs. parent–offspring regression). We conclude that avian sociality, as measured at the local scale, may be much less heritable than colony size choice, as measured at the landscape level. Our study adds to the understanding of additive genetic variance in avian behavior, and it underlines a scale dependency in the heritability of behavioral traits.
Self-correction of posterior crossbite in childhood: a systematic review of long-term follow-up studies
Authors: Nascimento Bianka Costa do , Santos Cibelle Cristina Oliveira dos , Santos Milena Cristina Costa dos , Normando David 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Background
The concept that posterior crossbite is not self-correcting has been controversial in the literature.

Objective
To evaluate the incidence of self-correction of crossbite in different stages of dentition in childhood.

Search methods and selection criteria
A bibliographic search using the acronym PECOS was performed in five databases and in partial grey literature. Studies evaluating children with posterior crossbite in the deciduous or mixed dentition at initial examination and followed for at least 3 years were included.

Data collection and analysis
The data extraction of the studies included presents information on authorship, clinical characteristics, main results, and conclusions. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated through the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool.

Results
Among the 3045 references identified, seven cohort studies met the eligibility criteria. The studies evaluated patients in transition from deciduous to mixed, mixed to permanent, and deciduous to mixed dentition. Two studies had a low risk of bias, three had a moderate risk, and two had a high risk of bias. The results showed posterior crossbite self-correction frequencies ranging from 12.2 to 77.1% during the transition from primary to mixed dentition, approximately 16% from mixed to permanent dentition, and a range from 20 to 82.8% from deciduous to permanent dentition. The level of certainty of the evidence generated ranged from very low to moderate.

Limitations
The observational design of the studies, without adequate control for confounding factors, and non-classification of the samples considering the types or the severity of the posterior crossbite.

Conclusion
The self-correction of posterior crossbite in childhood is possible. However, the results of this research do not allow to affirm how often the self-correction of posterior crossbite can occur. New studies that assess factors associated with the occurrence of self-correction of this malocclusion, including oral habits, may increase the certainty of the evidence.

Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022311935
A potential osteogenic role for microRNA-181a-5p during palatogenesis
Authors: Schoen Christian , Bloemen Marjon , Carels Carine E L , Verhaegh Gerald W , Van Rheden Rene , Roa Laury A , Glennon Jeffrey C , Von den Hoff Johannes W 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Background
In a previous study, we found that the highly conserved hsa-miR-181a-5p is downregulated in palatal fibroblasts of non-syndromic cleft palate-only infants.

Objectives
To analyze the spatiotemporal expression pattern of mmu-miR-181a-5p during palatogenesis and identify possible mRNA targets and their involved molecular pathways.

Material and methods
The expression of mmu-miR-181a-5p was analyzed in the developing palates of mouse embryos from E11 to E18 using qPCR and ISH. Mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells from E13 were used to analyze mmu-miR-181a-5p expression during osteogenic differentiation. Differential mRNA expression and target identification were analyzed using whole transcriptome RNA sequencing after transfection with a mmu-miR-181a-5p mimic. Differentially expressed genes were linked with underlying pathways using gene set enrichment analysis.

Results
The expression of mmm-miR-181a-5p in the palatal shelves increased from E15 and overlapped with palatal osteogenesis. During early osteogenic differentiation, mmu-miR-181a-5p was upregulated. Transient overexpression resulted in 49 upregulated mRNAs and 108 downregulated mRNAs (adjusted P-value &lt; 0.05 and fold change &gt; ± 1.2). Ossification (Stc1, Mmp13) and cell-cycle-related GO terms were significantly enriched for upregulated mRNAs. Analysis of possible mRNA targets indicated significant enrichment of Hippo signaling (Ywhag, Amot, Frmd6 and Serpine1) and GO terms related to cell migration and angiogenesis.

Limitations
Transient overexpression of mmu-miR-181a-5p in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells limited its analysis to early osteogenesis.

Conclusion
Mmu-miR-181-5p expression is increased in the developing palatal shelves in areas of bone formation and targets regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway.
Transformed ‘postmodern’ life courses? Continuity and change in young adults’ labour market trajectories in Norway
Authors: Heglum Mari Amdahl 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Accounts of contemporary youth often take increased variability in the young adult life course for granted. However, we lack studies examining variability in the labour market domain during the rapid globalization of the three most recent decades. Employing the theoretical concepts of differentiation and de-standardization, cross-cohort change is evaluated for young adults in Norway, separately by gender and social origin. Using high-quality registry data (N = 1,081,702), 20 complete birth cohorts are followed from age 22 to 31, spanning the years 1993–2017. Adding to the theoretical discussion of life-course change, variability is evaluated alongside changes in the specific valued content of trajectories—denoted as the quality of labour market attachment. Results show modestly declining trajectory variability. Simultaneously, the quality of male and female labour market attachment changes in opposing normative directions. Female trajectories remain more complex and insecure than men’s but show improvements across the 1990s. Among men, especially those of low social origin, labour market trajectories become more precarious. Results challenge the common notion that young adults generally go through increasingly insecure school-to-work trajectories. Instead, findings indicate that social origin interacts with historical time in differing ways among men and women, producing intersectional patterns of continuity and change.
Machine Learning-based Characterization of Longitudinal Health Care Utilization Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Limketkai Berkeley N , Maas Laura , Krishna Mahesh , Dua Anoushka , DeDecker Lauren , Sauk Jenny S , Parian Alyssa M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with increased health care utilization. Forecasting of high resource utilizers could improve resource allocation. In this study, we aimed to develop machine learning models (1) to cluster patients according to clinical utilization patterns and (2) to predict longitudinal utilization patterns based on readily available baseline clinical characteristics.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of adults with IBD at 2 academic centers between 2015 and 2021. Outcomes included different clinical encounters, new prescriptions of corticosteroids, and initiation of biologic therapy. Machine learning models were developed to characterize health care utilization. Poisson regression compared frequencies of clinical encounters.

Results
A total of 1174 IBD patients were followed for more than 5673 12-month observational windows. The clustering method separated patients according to low, medium, and high resource utilizers. In Poisson regression models, compared with low resource utilizers, moderate and high resource utilizers had significantly higher rates of each encounter type. Comparing moderate and high resource utilizers, the latter had greater utilization of each encounter type, except for telephone encounters and biologic therapy initiation. Machine learning models predicted longitudinal health care utilization with 81% to 85% accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.84-0.90); these were superior to ordinal regression and random choice methods.

Conclusion
Machine learning models were able to cluster individuals according to relative health care resource utilization and to accurately predict longitudinal resource utilization using baseline clinical factors. Integration of such models into the electronic medical records could provide a powerful semiautomated tool to guide patient risk assessment, targeted care coordination, and more efficient resource allocation.
NAFLD Is Associated With Quiescent Rather Than Active Crohn’s Disease
Authors: McHenry Scott , Glover Matthew , Ahmed Ali , Alayo Quazim , Zulfiqar Maria , Ludwig Daniel R , Ciorba Matthew A , Davidson Nicholas O , Deepak Parakkal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Crohn’s disease (CD) confers an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. We determined if active intestinal inflammation increases the risk of NAFLD in patients with CD.

Methods
Two cohorts (2017/2018 and 2020) with CD and no known liver disease were enrolled consecutively during staging magnetic resonance enterography. We quantified proton density fat fraction, MaRIA (Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity), and visceral adipose tissue. NAFLD was diagnosed when proton density fat fraction ≥5.5%. Synchronous endoscopy was graded by the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD and Rutgeerts score, while clinical activity was graded by the Harvey-Bradshaw index. Cytokine profiling was performed for the 2020 cohort. Transient elastography and liver biopsy were requested by standard of care.

Results
NAFLD was diagnosed in 40% (n = 144 of 363), with higher prevalence during radiographically quiescent disease (odds ratio, 1.7; P = .01), independent of body mass index/visceral adipose tissue (adjusted odds ratio, 7.8; P = .03). These findings were corroborated by endoscopic disease activity, but not by aggregate clinical symptoms. Circulating interleukin-8 was independent of body mass index to predict NAFLD, but traditional proinflammatory cytokines were not. NAFLD subjects had similar liver stiffness estimates regardless of CD activity. Definitive or borderline steatohepatitis was present in most patients that underwent liver biopsy.

Conclusions
Quiescent CD is associated with risk of NAFLD. These findings suggest potentially distinct pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD in patients with CD compared with the prevailing leaky gut hypothesis proposed for individuals without inflammatory bowel disease. Future validation and mechanistic studies are needed to dissect these distinct disease modifying factors.