bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Assessment of Vancomycin Dosing Utilizing AUC/MIC Protocol in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD)
Authors: Ables Mary , Welch Ron W. , Walley Brittany 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Vancomycin is commonly prescribed for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, including patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving intermittent hemodialysis (IHD). Infection is the second-leading cause of mortality in this patient population; therefore, optimizing vancomycin dosing is essential. New guidelines recommend using the ratio of area under the curve (AUC)/minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) dosing with a target of 400-600 to maximize efficacy and minimize vancomycin nephrotoxicity. Summary: A retrospective chart review was performed to assess the current protocol for vancomycin dosing in ESRD patients on IHD at a community hospital in North Mississippi. A protocol was developed for dosing vancomycin utilizing AUC/MIC targets in this patient population. The study included all inpatient adults with ESRD receiving IHD at least 3 times weekly and receiving vancomycin. Data collection occurred in two phases. The first phase of data collection occurred before implementation of the new protocol and assessed the current vancomycin protocol effectiveness. In phase II of data collection, an assessment of the newly developed protocol utilizing similar data collected in phase I was conducted. Conclusions: It is thought that the difference in treatment outcomes and AUC/MIC targets is due to decreased immune function in this population. For this reason, we set our goal pre-dialysis level at 20-25 mg/dL, rather than 17-25 mg/dL, which correlates with an AUC/MIC of 480-600. It is important to quickly achieve therapeutic levels for the patients that do have MRSA to improve outcomes, to sustain these levels, and to reduce adverse events and costs.
Ginkgolide A downregulates transient receptor potential (melastatin) 2 to protect cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats through the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway: Ginkgolide A improve acute renal injury
Authors: He Haiyan , Ge Jun , Yi Shaona , Wang Yuhong , Liu Ye , Liu Ying , Liu Xiaoming 
Published: September 2023

Purpose In order to seek effective drugs for treating cisplatin-induced acute renal injury and explore the corresponding potential mechanism. Methods Mouse kidney injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin. The temporal expression of TRPM2 and the regulation of Ginkgolide A on its expression were analyzed by western blot. In order to perform the mechanical analysis, we used TRPM2-KO knockout mice. In this study, we evaluated the repair effect of GA on acute kidney injury through renal function factors, inflammatory factors and calcium and potassium content. Pathological injury and cell apoptosis were detected by H&E and TUNEL, respectively. Result Ginkgolide A inhibited inflammatory reaction and excessive oxidative stress, reduced renal function parameters, and improved pathological injury. Meanwhile, we also found that the repair effect of Ginkgolide A on renal injury is related to TRPM2, and Ginkgolide A downregulated TRPM2 expression and inactivated TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in cisplatin-induced renal injury model. We also found that inhibition of TWEAK/Fn14 pathway was more effective in TRPM2-KO mice than TRPM2-WT mice. Conclusion Ginkgolide A was the effective therapeutic drug for cisplatin-induced renal injury through acting on TRPM2, and TWEAK/Fn14 pathway was the downstream pathway of Ginkgolide A in acute renal injury, and Ginkgolide A inhibited TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in cisplatin-induced renal injury model.
Workplace incivility and the professional quality of life in nurses
Authors: Nazari Shima , Nikpeyma Nasrin , Haghani Shima , Fakhuri Fatemeh , Farokhnezhad Afshar Pouya 
Published: September 2023

Background Workplace Incivility is a common issue in the nursing profession. Nurses who are affected by such behaviors may experience distress. Objectives This study aimed to assess the relationship between workplace incivility and nurses’ professional quality of life. Research design This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2021 in “Tehran”. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS), and the Professional Quality Of Life scale (ProQOL). Data analysis was performed through the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, using the SPSS v.16. Participants and research context Participants were 200 nurses randomly recruited from selected hospitals of “TUMS”. Ethical considerations The study obtained research ethics approval and all participants were informed of the voluntary and anonymous nature of their participation. Findings The mean age of participants was 32.30 ± 7.22, and 76.5% were female. There was a significant correlation between the professional quality of life and workplace incivility ( r = −0.23, p = .001). Multiple regression analysis between the subscales of workplace incivility and professional quality of life demonstrated that the incivility from the supervisor ( β = −0.29, p = .001) and incivility from patients ( β = −0.27, p < .001) can predict the compassion satisfaction dimension. The incivility from the supervisor ( β = 0.24, p = .001) and incivility from patients ( β = 0.26, p < .001) can explain burnout. The incivility of the patients can explain secondary traumatic stress ( β = 0.14, p = .02). Conclusion This study showed that workplace incivility is significantly related to professional quality of life. Therefore, the reduction of behaviors of incivility can lead to the improvement of the professional quality of life.
Three-dimensional Anatomy of the Velopharyngeal Muscles in the Cleft Palate
Authors: Zhao Jiuli , Ma Hengyuan , Wang Yongqian , Song Tao , Wu Di , Yin Ningbei 
Published: September 2023

Objective We have used micro-computed tomography (CT) to elucidate the relationship between the muscle fibers in specimens with cleft palate. These findings could be useful for muscle reconstruction in cleft palate repair and to better understand cleft palate speech. Design Cadaveric anatomical study. Participants This study included three specimens with cleft palate Intervention The specimens were stained with phosphomolybdic acid and scanned by Micro-CT. Main Outcome Measure(s) The anatomy of the muscles. Results Using 2D projection images and 3D reconstruction models, subtle anatomical structures could be observed in the muscles. The attachment of the levator veli palatini (LVP) was not at the posterior edge of the hard palate or palatine aponeurosis (PA), but at the anterior 21.71-44.2% of the cleft edge. The palatopharyngeal (PP) was composed of two bundles: inferior and superior heads, which clasped the LVP. The uvularis was unevenly distributed, and located on both sides of the cleft edge, originating at the edge. The palatoglossus, superior constrictor of pharynx and anatomical structure around the pterygoid hamulus, were normal. The PA, PP and LVP were attached to the cleft edge from front to back, in that order. The position of the uvularis was not fixed. Conclusions With the help of Micro-CT technology, detailed anatomical features and the relationship between muscles could be visualized. In the specimen with cleft palate, muscles in the soft palate were associated with the pharyngeal muscles, which formed the 3D “velopharyngeal muscles complex.” These findings provide anatomical evidence for muscle reconstruction in cleft palate repair.
A Combination of Pathological Features Identifies Crohn's Disease in Surgical Bowel Resection Specimens
Authors: Fu Yujuan , Liu Xiuli , Xu Jiaqi , Zhong Tingting , Jiang Junchang , Fu Tianhong , Cao Qian , Jiang Zhinong 
Published: September 2023

Background Diagnosis of Crohn's disease is challenging. This study aims to compare the histological features of Crohn's disease and non-Crohn's disease (other intestinal inflammatory diseases) in surgical specimens to identify a set of histologic features distinguishing Crohn's disease from non-Crohn's disease. Methods Patients with Crohn's disease (N = 171) and patients with non-Crohn's disease (N = 215) diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 who had surgical bowel resection were identified. The frequency of histological features in surgical resection specimens was compared between these two groups. Results Univariate analysis revealed that transmural inflammation, subserosal lymphoid aggregates, fissures or sinus-like structures, granulomas or granuloma-like nodules, abnormalities of the enteric nervous system, and mucosa structure alterations ( muscularis mucosa thickening or mucosal atrophy with pseudopyloric gland metaplasia) were more frequent in Crohn's disease than non-Crohn's disease cases ( p < 0.001 for all). Some of the above histologic features were further grouped as chronic inflammatory change which includes granulomas or granuloma-like nodules, lymphoid aggregates in the muscularis propria or subserosa, fissures or sinus-like structures, and architectural abnormality which is defined as the presence of abnormal enteric nervous system and/or mucosa structural alterations ( muscularis mucosa thickening or mucosal atrophy with pseudopyloric gland metaplasia). A combination of transmural inflammation, chronic inflammatory change, and architectural abnormality had a sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 97.7% for Crohn's disease. Conclusions In surgical bowel resection specimens, a combination of transmural inflammation, chronic inflammatory change, and architectural abnormality help diagnose Crohn's disease.
Prognostic factors for visual acuity improvement after treatment of submacular hemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Barayev Edward , Tiosano Alon , Zlatkin Rita , Elul Rotem , Dotan Assaf , Hadayer Amir , Gal-Or Orly , Ehrlich Rita 
Published: September 2023

Purpose To recognize prognostic factors for better final visual acuity (VA) in patients presenting with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration. Methods This retrospective study included patients who presented to a tertiary ophthalmology department between 2012 and 2019 with SMH and were treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with pneumatic displacement. Baseline characteristics included demographic data, VA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of the SMH. Patients were divided into groups by improvement of at least 2 lines in BCVA (best corrected visual acuity), and by having a final BCVA better than 20/200. Results Forty-three eyes of 43 patients were included. Mean age was 86.72 ± 7.18. Prognostic factors for final VA better than 20/200 included better VA at presentation (1.25 vs 1.90 logMAR, p < 0.001), smaller area of SMH in the infra-red image (19.47 mm2 vs 38.45 mm2, p = 0.024), and lower height of SMH as measured by OCT (713.5 µm vs 962.5 µm, p = 0.03). Third of the patients improved in ≥2 lines from presentation, all in the group of the pneumatic and TPA displacement. Conclusion Smaller SMHs with good VA at presentation have a better chance for improvement and result in a better final VA. These patients may benefit the most from pneumatic displacement of the SMH with intravitreal tPA and gas.
Outcomes of Volar Plating Distal Radius Fractures Based on Surgical Timing
Authors: Campbell Benjamin R. , Reyes Ariana A. , Neustein Thomas M. , Miller Andrew J. 
Published: September 2023

Background: While complexity of distal radius fractures varies, volar plating is the most prevalent surgical option in adult injuries. The time between date of injury and surgical intervention varies according to several factors, including the timing of presentation and the surgeon’s availability. This study aims to understand the impact of a delay in surgical intervention on operative time, patient-reported outcomes, and reoperation rates. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients treated with volar plating of distal radius fractures from 2017 to 2020 at a single institution by multiple surgeons. Perioperative medical records were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups using a cut-off date of surgery performed 12 days after injury. Descriptive analyses were used to compare demographics, fracture characteristics, operative information, and outcome data including postoperative Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores and reoperation rates between groups. Results: A total of 257 patients were included. There was no difference in age, gender, smoking status, fracture type, or postoperative QuickDASH scores between groups. Patients fixed at 12 days or more after injury had a higher rate of reoperation, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, and more surgeon experience. Conclusions: Volar distal radius fixation at 12 or more days after injury had no discernible differences with fracture type, operative time, or tourniquet time; however, a higher rate of reoperation was found in this group compared to earlier intervention. These data may provide important prognostic information that can be used to educate patients who present in a delayed fashion.
Using Text as Data to Reveal Changing Organizational Perspectives on Violence Against Women in the United States
Authors: Lee Sumin , Messamore Andrew , Paxton Pamela 
Published: September 2023

Public understanding of violence against women, and appropriate solutions to tackling gender-based violence, have changed enormously over the past 50 years. In this paper, we study how violence against women is practically understood through organizational efforts to frame and combat it in the United States. We use topic modeling and dictionary-based content analysis to explore the missions and programming of 918 service and advocacy nonprofits directly involved in anti-violence work between 1998 and 2016. We find that, in contrast to earlier foci on direct crisis intervention, anti-violence organizations increasingly understand violence against women as a multifaceted problem that must be addressed by comprehensive programming. We also find that nonprofits increasingly use medicalized, criminal-legal, and bureaucratic language to describe their work, underscoring the tensions of institutionalization.
Renal cell carcinoma on imaging unveiled as a primary Ewing’s sarcoma
Authors: Gupta Shivangi , Khullar Tamanna , Puri Sunil Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Ewing sarcoma represents a spectrum of aggressive malignancies with the poor outcome. Primary renal Ewing sarcoma is rare and accounts for less than 1% of renal masses.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 45-year-old male presented in OPD with complaint of right flank pain and hematuria. He underwent a contrast-enhanced CT abdomen which depicted a right renal mass with liver lesions. He underwent Robotic Right Radical Nephrectomy and a pathological diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma was made after which he was started on chemotherapy.

Conclusions
Owing to presentation in younger age group with poor prognosis, an integrated analysis including radiological imaging, histopathology, and immune-histological staining is essential for early detection of renal Ewing sarcoma.
Cost-effective approach to explore key impacts on the environment from agricultural tools to inform sustainability improvements: inversion tillage as a case study
Authors: Green Laura , Webb Elise , Johnson Elizabeth , Wynn Sarah , Bogen Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe United Nations Food Systems Summit and the European Green Deal have prompted various policy and regulatory initiatives aiming to transition agricultural practices to become more sustainable. An array of agricultural systems (e.g., regenerative, conservation agriculture, integrated crop management) have been lauded as potential solutions to improve food production sustainability. These systems use combinations of agricultural tools (e.g., crop rotation) to modify the crop environment to reduce weeds, pests and disease, alongside chemical (e.g., plant protection products) tools. Each tool has the potential to impact both the abiotic and biotic environment, with different combinations of tools having different overall outcomes. To improve the sustainability of agricultural practices it is important to understand, and where possible, quantify the environmental costs and benefits of the various tools that are applied within diverse cropping systems, as well as their potential interactions. While extensive literature exists, practical approaches are needed to cost-effectively synthesise key impacts and interactions to support decision making. A cost-effective methodology, adapting a rapid evidence assessment, was developed to review evidence and enable identification of the key environmental impacts for commonly applied agricultural tool options. The approach was applied to each tool individually (e.g., inversion tillage, crop rotation) to, where possible, isolate their specific impacts on the environment. Focused categories were assessed, considering biotic (insect, earthworms, etc.) and abiotic (soil, water, air quality, climate) impacts. This paper considers inversion tillage (also known as ploughing) as a case study to illustrate findings using the approach. Evidence is presented for direct and indirect impacts on the environment, selectivity of impacts and data gaps. The approach quickly provided robust evidence summaries of the key environmental implications of inversion tillage, facilitating identification of opportunities and trade-offs that can inform practice. The evidence highlighted how inversion tillage can offer effective weed control to reduce herbicide use, but carries increased risk to soil health, with connected implications for water, air and climate. This time-efficient review methodology can facilitate development of clear guidance to inform farmers in their decision making to improve on-farm sustainability, while serving as a useful starting point for conducting evidence reviews for policy development.
De novo genome assembly resolving repetitive structures enables genomic analysis of 35 European Mycoplasmopsis bovis strains
Authors: Triebel Sandra , Sachse Konrad , Weber Michael , Heller Martin , Diezel Celia , Hölzer Martin , Schnee Christiane , Marz Manja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMycoplasmopsis (M.) bovis, the agent of mastitis, pneumonia, and arthritis in cattle, harbors a small genome of approximately 1 Mbp. Combining data from Illumina and Nanopore technologies, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of 35 European strains and isolate DL422_88 from Cuba. While the high proportion of repetitive structures in M. bovis genomes represent a particular challenge, implementation of our own pipeline (available on GitHub www.github.com/sandraTriebel/mycovista) in a hybrid approach enabled contiguous assembly of the genomes and, consequently, improved annotation rates considerably. To put our European strain panel in a global context, we analyzed the new genome sequences together with 175 genome assemblies from public databases. Construction of a phylogenetic tree based on core genes of these 219 strains revealed a clustering pattern according to geographical origin, with European isolates positioned on clades 4 and 5. Genomic data allowing assignment of strains to tissue specificity or certain disease manifestations could not be identified. Seven strains isolated from cattle with systemic circular condition (SCC), still a largely unknown manifestation of M. bovis disease, were located on both clades 4 and 5. Pairwise association analysis revealed 108 genomic elements associated with a particular clade of the phylogenetic tree. Further analyzing these hits, 25 genes are functionally annotated and could be linked to a M. bovis protein, e.g. various proteases and nucleases, as well as ten variable surface lipoproteins (Vsps) and other surface proteins. These clade-specific genes could serve as useful markers in epidemiological and clinical surveys.
Molecular characterization and evolution of the resident population of some alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolates in Egypt
Authors: Amin Hala A. , Younes H. A. , Shafie Radwa M. , Fathallah Mervat M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is an important virus affecting many vegetable crops in Egypt. In this study, virus isolates were collected from naturally infected potato, tomato, alfalfa and clover plants that showed suspected symptoms of AMV in different locations of Beheira and Alexandria governorates during the 2019–2020 growing season. The relative incidence of the virus ranged from 11–25% based on visual observations of symptoms and ELISA testing. A total of 41 samples were tested by ELISA using polyclonal antisera for AMV. Four AMV isolates collected from different host plants, named AM1 from potato, AM2 from tomato, AM3 from alfalfa and AM4 from alfalfa, were maintained on Nicotiana glutinosa plants for further characterization of AMV.

Results
Electron micrographs of the purified viral preparation showed spheroidal particles with a diameter of 18 nm and three bacilliform particles with lengths of roughly 55, 68, and 110 nm and diameters identical to those of the spheroidal particles. The CP gene sequence comparisons of four AMV isolates (AM1, AM2, AM3 and AM4) showed the highest nucleotide identity of 99.7% with the Gomchi isolate from South Korea infecting Gomchi (Ligularia fischeri) plants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the present isolates were grouped together into a distinct separate clade (GPI) along with the Gomchi isolate from South Korea. Similarly, the deduced amino acid sequence comparisons of Egyptian AMV isolates revealed that amino acids Q29, S30, T34, V92 and V175 were conserved among the Egyptian isolates in GPI.

Conclusion
The present study found strong evolutionary evidence for the genetic diversity of AMV isolates by the identification of potential recombination events involving parents from GPI and GPII lineages. Additionally, the study found that Egyptian AMV isolates are genetically stable with low nucleotide diversity. Genetic analysis of the AMV population suggested that the AMV populations differ geographically, and AMV CP gene is under mild purifying selection. Furthermore, the study proposed that the Egyptian AMV population had common evolutionary ancestors with the Asian AMV population. Antioxidant enzymes activity was assessed on N. glutinosa plants in response to infection with each AMV isolate studied, and the results revealed that the enzyme activity varied.