bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis secondary to acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report
Authors: Li Chunmiao , Yi Huanhuan , Wei Bei , Song Dandan , Han Fugen , Seng Dongjie , Zhao Jing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Case presentation
An 8-year-old boy was admitted to the Department of Hematology and Oncology of Henan Children’s Hospital on January 25, 2021, with generalized fatigue and pallor for 3 weeks. He was diagnosed with rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) secondary to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He was put on medication, and a surgical debridement was performed. The patient was followed up for treatment.
Objective: This study aimed to improve the understanding of RCM secondary to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Methods: The clinical data of a patient with RCM secondary to ALL admitted to Henan Children’s Hospital in January 2021 were analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed.
Result: RCM secondary to ALL is rare and difficult to diagnose and has a suboptimal prognosis.
Conclusions: For fever, nasal mucosal ulceration, and formation of black scab skin in the nasal cavity and oral mucosa in ALL, the possibility of hair mold infection should be considered. Antifungal drugs and surgical treatment should be started as soon as possible.
Histopathologic patterns of salivary gland lesions and associated factors in Jimma university medical center, Jimma, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Ulfata Roba Elala , Getahun Habtamu Abebe , Kedir Abdo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Tumors of salivary gland are morphologically and clinically diverse group of neoplasms, which may present considerable diagnostic and management of challenges to the pathologist or surgeons.It account’s about 4% of all epithelial neoplasms in head and neck region. These comprise a wide variety of benign and malignant neoplasms, and non-neoplastic lesions which exhibit a difference in biological behaviors. Therefor it is important to study the morphological patterns of salivary gland neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions.
Methods and Materials: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was applied for Salivary gland lesions patients diagnosed at Jimma university medical center from September 2016 to August 2020.
Results: from the total of 176 patients 135(76.7%) were neoplastic and the remaining 41(23.3%) were non-neoplastic lesions. Being in the age group of 21-40[odds ratio=5.172, 41-60[odds ratio =4.534], and having the lesions for duration >24 months [odds ratio 12.479] and the size of the mass >5 cm [odds ratio =19.486]were associated increased odds of neoplastic lesions, while the site of the lesions being in major groups of salivary glands [odds ratio=0.056] was associated with decreased likelihood of neoplastic Salivary gland lesions.
Conclusion: The prevalence of neoplastic salivary lesions was three times more common than non-neoplastic ones and malignancies were slightly more common than benign lesions. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest malignant while Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest benign Salivary gland lesions both in females and males. The neoplastic Salivary gland lesions were highly associated with age, duration, tumor size and minor groups of salivary glands.
p53 isoform expression promotes a stemness phenotype and inhibits doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer
Authors: Reinhardt Luiza Steffens , Groen Kira , Zhang Xiajie , Morten Brianna , Wawruszak Anna , Avery-Kiejda Kelly 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

In breast cancer, dysregulatedTP53expression signatures are a better predictor of chemotherapy response and survival outcomes thanTP53mutations. Our previous studies have shown that high levels of Δ40p53 are associated with worse disease-free survival and disruption of p53-induced DNA damage response in breast cancers. Here, we further investigated thein vitroandin vivoimplications of Δ40p53 expression in breast cancer. We have shown that genes associated with cell differentiation are downregulated whilst those associated with stem cell regulation are upregulated in invasive ductal carcinomas expressing high levels of Δ40p53. In contrast to p53, endogenous ∆40p53 co-localised with the stem cell markers Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog in MCF-7 and ZR75-1 cell lines. ∆40p53 and Sox2 co-localisation was also detected in breast cancer specimens. Further, in cells expressing a high ∆40p53:p53 ratio, increased expression of stem cell markers, greater mammosphere and colony formation capacities, and downregulation ofmiR-145andmiR-200(p53-target microRNAs that repress stemness) were observed compared to the control subline.In vivo, a high ∆40p53:p53 ratio led to increased tumour growth, Ki67 and Sox2 expression, and blood microvessel areas in the vehicle-treated mice. High expression of ∆40p53 also reduced tumour sensitivity to doxorubicin compared to control tumours. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin was observed when transiently targeting Δ40p53 or when treating cells with OTSSP167 with concomitant chemotherapy. Taken together, high Δ40p53 levels induce tumour growth and may promote chemoresistance by inducing a stemness phenotype in breast cancer; thus, targeting Δ40p53 in tumours which have a high Δ40p53:p53 ratio could enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care therapies such as doxorubicin.
Lattice gauge theory and topological quantum error correction with quantum deviations in the state preparation and error detection
Authors: Zhao Yuanchen , Liu Dong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Quantum deviations or coherent noise are a typical type of noise when implementing gate operations in quantum computers, and their impact on the performance of quantum error correction (QEC) is still elusive. Here, we consider the topological surface code, with both stochastic noise and coherent noise on the multi-qubit entanglement gates during stabilizer measurements in both initial state preparation and error detection. We map a multi-round error detection protocol to a three-dimensional statistical mechanical model consisting of Z_2 gauge interactions and related the error threshold to its phase transition point. Specifically, two error thresholds are identified distinguishing different error correction performances. Below a finite error threshold, in stark contrast to the case with only stochastic errors, unidentifiable measurement errors can cause the failure of QEC in the large code distance limit. This problem can only be fixed at the perfect initial state preparation point. For a finite or small code with distance d, we find that if the preparation error rate is below a crossover scale ~1/log(d), the logical errors can still be suppressed. We conclude that this type of unavoidable coherent noise has a significant impact on QEC performance, and becomes increasingly detrimental as the code distance increases.
Indole-3-methanol alleviates cisplatin-induced ovarian damage by inhibiting ovarian fibrosis through the TGF-β1/Smad pathway
Authors: Zhu Fengyu , Li Fangfang , Hu Huiqing , Wang Siyuan , Chen Jiaqi , He Zhuoying , Kang Yumiao , Li Xuqing , Li Hongyan , Zhong Fei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Ovarian injury is one of the side effects of chemotherapy in female patients, which seriously endangers female reproductive health. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural substance abundant in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to attenuate tissue damage. This study aimed to investigate whether I3C could prevent from ovarian damage induced by chemotherapy.
Methods A mouse model of ovarian damage was established by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin or co-treatment with I3C. Then the ovarian index and estrous cycle was assessed. Meanwhile, follicles counting was conducted to evaluate the effect of I3C in follicular development. Also, we performed the TUNEL and IHC staining to analyze the level of apoptosis and fibrosis, respectively. Western blot and qRT-PCR was used as quantitative methods to evaluate the expression of relative markers and TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Hela cells and Caski cells was used to investigate the anti-tumor activity of I3C by cell counting kit-8, the wound healing assay and colony formation assay in vitro.
Results Our results showed that administration of I3C restored the ovary index and improved estrous cycle disorders. Follicle counting results showed that I3C is able to inhibit primordial follicles over-activation caused by cisplatin treatment, and maintained primordial follicle pool. We also found that I3C can down-regulate the levels of Bax and γH2ax, and inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. In addition, I3C also reduced ovarian fibrosis and inhibited α-SMA and Collagen I expression levels. Further research revealed that I3C treatment significantly down-regulated the activity of the TGF-β1/smad signaling pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that I3C could inhibit the proliferation, migration and colony formation of cervical cancer cells in vitro.
Conclusions In summary, I3C alleviates primordial follicular over-activation, granulosa cell apoptosis and ovarian fibrosis induced by cisplatin, and exhibits antitumor activity. Our study provides an innovative therapeutic strategy for preventing ovarian function from chemotherapy in female cancer patients.
Place Generator &amp; Place Interpreter: A new methodology to understand regular mobility patterns
Authors: Calvo Benjamin Gramsch , Axhausen Kay W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

When observing the temporal trajectory of an individual, there is a high probability of visiting a known place; this is due to the central component of habit and routine in human mobility behavior. To understand those routine activities, we propose a new survey method: the Place Generator & the Place Interpreter, based on the name generator and name interpreter survey methodology for ego-centric social networks. In the survey, we asked the participants to name the locations they regularly visit for leisure, by category. This methodology captures the characteristics of the locations and the reasons to be chosen. We tested the methodology in the Zurich Metropolitan Area in Switzerland, focusing on urban leisure activities and the social environment of the locations. Hence, we ask the individuals to describe the reasons for choosing that specific location and the socio-demographic characteristics of the other visitors. This methodology worked well when compared with earlier long-duration GPS tracking surveys. Respondents report, on average, 9.85 locations for nine types of locations, mainly supermarkets and restaurants or cafes, and respondents can describe their similarities with other visitors to that location. The survey is complemented with a survey of sociodemographic characteristics and the respondent's ego-centric social network to get information on social connections and their impact on leisure activity.
The Role of Malnutrition on Outocomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Due to Covid-19 in Children
Authors: Soyer Tutku , Aykaç Kübra , Özer Gözde , Özsürekçi Yasemin , Özcan H , Yorganci Kaya , Abbasoglu Osman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition increases the complications and mortality in critically-ill children. A retrospective study was performed to define the role malnutrition on outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) due to COVID-19 in children.
Methods
Patients with MIS-C due to COVID-19 were evaluated for demographic features, anthropometric parameters, clinical findings and outcomes. Patients with z scores of body mass index (> 5 years-of-age) and weight-for-age (< 5 years-of-age) < -2 were considered as malnourished. Sarcopenia was defined by total psoas muscle area (tPMA), calculated on abdominal computed tomography (CT) at the level of L3 and L4 vertebrae. The z scores <- 2 for tPMA were considered as sarcopenia. The results of patients with (M+) and without (M-) were compared.
Results
Twenty-seven patients were included. Forty-four percent (n = 12) of patients had malnutrition. Malnutrition was classified as mild to moderate (1/3), severe (1/3) and overweight (1/3). Eighty-two cases had acute malnutrition. Among MIS-C symptom criteria, rash was significantly higher in M + children (p<0.05). Laboratory investigations showed higher ferritin levels in M + patients (p<0.05). The median tPMA and sarcopenia is significantly higher in M + when compared to M- group (42% vs 7%, p<0.05). The oral feeding time, complication rates and length of hospital stay were similar in both groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion
Children with MIS-C due to COVID-19 already have mild to severe malnutrition at admission. Rash and higher ferritin levels are more common in patients with malnutrition. In addition to anthropometric parameters, sarcopenia calculated using tPMA can be used to predict malnutrition in critically-ill children.
Historical developments, hotspots and trends in tardive dyskinesia research: A scientometric review of 54 years of publications
Authors: Baminiwatta Anuradha , Correll Christoph U. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Since being recognized as an important drug-induced clinical entity during the 1960s, tardive dyskinesia (TD) has generated an extensive body of research seeking to understand its clinical characteristics, epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. Modern scientometric approaches enable interactive visualizations of large bodies of literature to identify the trends and hotspots within knowledge domains. This study thus aimed to provide a comprehensive scientometric review of the TD literature.
Methods
Web of Science was searched for articles, reviews, editorials and letters with the term “tardive dyskinesia” in the title, abstract or keywords, up to 12/31/2021. Altogether, 5,228 publications and 182,052 citations were included. Annual research output, prominent research areas, authors, affiliations and countries were summarized. VOSViewer and CiteSpace were used for bibliometric mapping and co-citation analysis. Structural and temporal metrics were used to identify key publications in the network.
Results
TD-related publications peaked in the 1990s, declined gradually after 2004, and showed another small surge after 2015. The most prolific authors were Kane JM, Lieberman JA and Jeste DV overall (1968-2021), and Zhang XY, Correll CU and Remington G in the last decade (2012-2021). The most prolific journal was the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry overall, and the Journal of Psychopharmacology in the last decade. Knowledge clusters in the 1960-1970s dealt with clinical and pharmacological characterization of TD. In the 1980s, epidemiology, clinical TD assessment, cognitive dysfunction and animal models predominated. During the 1990s, research diverged into pathophysiological studies, especially oxidative stress, and clinical trials on atypical antipsychotics, with a focus on clozapine and bipolar disorder. In the 1990-2000s, pharmacogenetics emerged. More recent clusters include serotonergic receptors, dopamine-supersensitivity psychosis, primary motor abnormalities of schizophrenia, epidemiology/meta-analyses, and advances in TD treatment, particularly vesicular monoamine transporter-2 inhibitors since 2017.
Conclusions
This scientometric review visualized the evolution of scientific knowledge on TD over more than five decades. These findings will be useful for researchers to find relevant literature when writing scientific articles, choosing appropriate journals, finding collaborators or mentors for research, and to understand the historical developments and emerging trends in TD research.
Effect of a short-term glutamine supplementation in inflammation and oxidative stress post-resistance exercise in HIV women: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study
Authors: Nunhes Pollyana , Souza Dayane , Marchini Kauana , Silva Junior da , Bazotte Roberto , Deminice Rafael , Ramos Solange , Trindade Michele , Avelar Ademar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We evaluate the effect of a short-term supplementation with glutamine dipeptide (GluD) on the inflammatory and oxidative stress response to an acute session of resistance exercise in women living with HIV and using antiretroviral therapy (ART). Tenwomen diagnosed with HIV under ART were allocated in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over manner to receive 20 g/day of GluD or maltodextrin (placebo) supplementation for seven days with seven-days wash-out period. The participants performed an acute session of resistance training composed by seven exercises. Blood samples were taken before (pre), 1 hour and 2 hours after the exercise session for oxidative stress and inflammation markers determinations. Generalized estimating equations model, followed by the post-hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis. The resistance exercise session increased the concentrations of TNF-α, but the supplementation with GluD prevents this increase. Also, resistance exercise did not change plasma levels of IL-6.Regarding IL-10, there was a small reduction in both groups. For the oxidative stress markers, both conditions showed no change. A short period of GluD supplementation partially reduces the acute inflammatory response, caused by a session of resistance exercise, without altering the response of oxidative stress markers, in women living with HIV and using ART.
The experience and impact of COVID-19 on a newly formed university medical office: A comparative survey
Authors: Benton Mark 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 had monumental effects on society and in particular medicine and medical education systems. Medical systems in the United States operate in multiple contexts with interrelated goals, and the context of work strongly influenced how organizations were able to respond to COVID-19 restrictions. This research examines the experience and impact of COVID-19 on the implementation of a Health Resources and Services Administration grant (HRSA) in a newly formed university medical office with the interrelated goals of health policy, health outreach, and health education.
Methods: We administered a survey about COVID-19 opportunities and challenges to work unit leaders and their key HRSA project collaborators, comparing responses from direct educational and non-direct educational work units.
Findings: While all units within the office were influenced by COVID-19 restrictions, medical education units had more experiences and challenges with statistical significance. In particular, while classroom-based learning is amenable to remoteness experiential learning may not be. COVID-19 restrictions increased the complexity of project work and presented challenges especially in terms of coordinating responses and access to locations.
Conclusions: While remoteness is appropriate for some medical education tasks it is less appropriate for others. Program administrators will have to integrate remoteness’ benefits and drawbacks into their organizing for the foreseeable future.
Development of a Deep Learning–Based Intracerebral Hemorrhage Segmentation Model and Glasgow Outcome Scale Prediction Model Using Brain CT Images
Authors: Park Wonjun , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Sumin , Yi Hyeong-Joong , Chun Hyoung-Joon , Na Minkyun , Choi Kyu-Sun , Lim Jongwoo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is life-threatening. The intraventricular extension of ICH (IVH) also frequently occurs, thus increasing the risk of disability or death. The site and amount of bleeding are important predictors of prognosis. This study aimed to predict Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOSs) by automatically segmenting hemorrhage sites from brain computed tomography data combined with clinical information. Data of 192 patients from Hanyang University Hospital with IVH and ICH from March 2016 to September 2020 were analyzed. To perform automatic segmentation through deep learning, two neurosurgeons manually generated correct answer values. Preprocessing was performed to capture more pathological tissue. Hemorrhagic sites were robustly predicted by feeding high-quality generated data to the HTransUNet that hierarchically combined a Convolution Neural Network and transformer; the predicted mask was combined with clinical information to predict GOSs. This model showed high performance and competitive performance in segmenting IVH and ICH compared with other segmentation models. Additionally, when predicting GOS, it performed better than the ICH score system. The predicted mask with clinical information performed better than clinical information alone. Using the cerebral hemorrhage segmentation and GOS prediction models in clinical settings, as auxiliary indicators for rapid decision-making, can contribute significantly to patient management.
Did faculty training on item construction and peer review improve the quality of MCQs? An observational study in a medical school
Authors: Hassan Bahaeldin , Alamri Abdulaziz A. , Alzahrani Hassan A. , Ahmad Mohammad Tauheed , Shati Ayed A. , Patel Ayyub A. , Khan Muhammad , Elfaki Omer A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: multiple choice questions (MCQs) test is the most popular assessment tool that used in medical schools, faculty training on construction of MCQs and peer review are the main factors that contributing to have a good quality MCQs test. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these two factors on the quality of MCQs test.
Methods: an extensive training program was conducted for the staff members who participated in teaching and assessment of undergraduate medical students of clinical biochemistry and psychiatric courses during the academic year 2020-2021. Post-test item analysis was used to compare pre-training with post-training item analysis parameters. The Chi-square test was applied, the level of significance was 5%.
Results: The difficulty index showed great improvement in the number of items which lie in the acceptable range of difficulty from 16% and 25% before the training program, to 61% and 42% after the training program for psychiatry and clinical biochemistry courses respectively. This is significantly different (P<0.05). In psychiatry course the number of questions with negative discrimination power decreased from 36% before training program to 10% after it (P value >0.05). No significant improvement was noticed in biochemistry course regarding this aspect.
The percentage of test items where all distracters were functioning was increased from 11% to 41% in psychiatry course (P value=0.0002), and from 12% to 46%, in biochemistry course (P value=0.0001). This is a significant improvement. Reliability after the training program and peer review processes also increased in both courses. However, this is not statistically significant.
Conclusions: A dramatic improvement was observed in the quality of MCQs after peer review and training program. We recommend adopting training program on construction of MCQs to be mandatory for all medical school staff members in Saudi Arabia.