bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesson‐drawing under authoritarianism: generosity and cost control in China's hospital payment reforms
Authors: Mueller Armin , ten Brink Tobias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLocal policy experimentation was a driving force behind China's economic progress, but its results in the field of social policy are more ambiguous. This article takes a lesson‐drawing perspective on the transfer of international hospital payment reforms to Chinese cities, focusing on the Urban Employees' Basic Medical Insurance. We distinguish two waves of reform. The first wave was driven by local government initiatives dominated by simplified versions of international models which lacked strong prospective payment components (inspirations) and protected local bureaucratic and hospital interests. The second wave was driven by central government intervention dominated by syntheses and adaptations with strong prospective payment components and was more oriented toward patients' interests. Data were collected via expert interviews, administrative documents, academic studies, and newspaper articles. We find that elements of social policy are transferred depending on central–local interaction, with pressure from the center needed to overcome local bureaucratic self‐interest.
Drivers affecting habitat use in Afrotropical hipposiderid and pteropodid bats
Authors: Mande Claude , Van Cakenberghe Victor , Kirkpatrick Lucinda , Laudisoit Anne , De Bruyn Luc , Gembu Guy‐Crispin , Verheyen Erik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAssessing how bats respond to habitat attributes requires an integrative approach to reliably predict direct community‐level effects. We focused on hipposiderid and pteropodid bats because of their diverse resource use patterns, body size ranges, and dispersal abilities. We combined an array of bat species‐level characteristics with key forest stand characteristics that may covary with habitat use. Twelve stations were sampled in the Lomami and Yangambi landscapes, Democratic Republic of the Congo. We investigated whether species‐level flight ability of bats and forest stand characteristics can affect bat commuting flights and community‐level estimates of both species detection and habitat occupancy. We captured bats for 108 trap‐nights. Three sampling events (early evening, middle of the night, and early morning) were replicated for each survey night. Hipposiderids showed an early evening flight peak, while flight activity of pteropodids was constant throughout the night, but increased around the middle of the night. Species capture probability decreased with higher wing loading in hipposiderids and was negatively correlated with higher wing aspect ratio in pteropodids. Forest occupancy of hipposiderids increased along the gradient towards waterways, while pteropodid occurrence was not directly linked to measured forest stand variables. This suggests a consequence of habitat patterns at larger spatial scales, which would need clarifying through additional data collection. We discuss these findings in terms of resource‐use strategies of clutter‐tolerant and clutter‐intolerant species. We argue that the occurrence of specific bat species and their habitat use patterns can serve as surrogate measures of ecosystem health.
You can't play with us: First‐person ostracism affects infants' behavioral reactivity
Authors: Quadrelli E. , Mermier J. , Nazzari S. , Bulf H. , Turati C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOstracism negatively affects fundamental psychological needs, induces physiological and behavioral changes, and modulates the processing of social information in adults. Yet little is known about children and preverbal infants' responses to first‐person experiences of ostracism. The current study aimed to explore the efficacy of a triadic ball‐tossing game in manipulating social inclusion and ostracism with 13‐month‐old infants (N = 84; 44% males; mostly White; tested from 2019 to 2022) by developing an observational coding system. Infants' behaviors were recorded while participating in a ball‐tossing game where they were either included or ostracized from the game. Ostracized, but not included, infants showed an increase in negative emotionality and involvement behaviors, thus suggesting that behavioral responses to being ostracized emerge early in life.
Mpox virus and coinfections: An approach to rapid diagnosis
Authors: Derrick Kristina M. , Marson Justin W. , Chakka Srita , Heilman Edward R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report a case of a 42‐year‐old immunocompromised (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], CD4 count 86 cells/μL) Black male who presented with fever, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and phimosis, followed by eruption of umbilicated papulovesicles most concentrated on the face. The patient was diagnosed with Mpox (MPXV, formerly monkeypox), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), and late latent syphilis. Tzanck smear of a Mpox lesion proved a useful and rapidly obtained pertinent negative test, lacking the typical changes of HSV/VZV (multinucleation, margination, and molding). A biopsy specimen showed viral changes consistent with both Mpox (ballooning degeneration and multinucleated keratinocytes) and herpesvirus (multinucleated epithelial giant cell within a zone of follicular necrosis). Lesion PCR was positive for HSV1 and MPXV, and negative for HSV2 and VZV. Immunohistochemistry was positive for VZV and orthopoxvirus. Empiric treatment for HSV/VZV in patients with suspected or confirmed Mpox should be considered for patients with HIV or other immunocompromised patients. It is important to recognize that MPXV, HSV, and VZV may all be present and difficult to distinguish clinically. More than one test modality (PCR, H&E, immunohistochemistry, and Tzanck) and multiple lesion samples may be required to thoroughly evaluate widespread papulovesicular eruptions, especially in immunocompromised patients.
A Whole‐School Approach to Address Youth Radicalization
Authors: Gereluk Dianne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSchools are increasingly being asked to identify and monitor youth who may be susceptible to recruitment toward radical groups. Rather than asking teachers to identify at‐risk behaviors, Dianne Gereluk argues here that a whole‐school approach may help to foster belonging and connection among youth that is not additive, but a central component of safe and inclusive schools. Whole‐school approaches attend to the different power relationships that occur within the school community, focusing on the classroom environment, the school organization, and the broader school environment. Insofar as radicalization is partly a response to the perception of exclusion and oppression, these factors may go some way toward mitigating the appeal of extremism.
Recasting “Fundamental ‘British’ Values”: Education, Justice, and Preventing Violent Extremism
Authors: Stevens David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSocieties concerned with preventing acts of violent extremism often target the ideas that are thought to motivate such acts. The state's use of educational institutions is one mechanism by which those ideas are subjected to challenge. Teaching liberal democratic values to students is one method. Here, David Stevens argues that this model is misguided. First, commitment to violent methods is not primarily driven by the attractiveness of radical ideas themselves, but by material facts and circumstances. Second, an education that ignores the teaching of various socioeconomic values, such as a commitment to a certain degree of material equality and welfare provision, is inadequate as a conception of citizenship. These criticisms are related. Citizens are owed certain resources and commitments as citizens, and grounds for dissatisfaction and violence are reduced when citizens receive the holdings to which they are entitled, and when their fellow citizens recognize and endorse this. Consequently, it is the role of education to teach directively toward the adoption of such socioeconomic values and commitments.
Learning to Avoid Extremism
Authors: Ben‐Porath Sigal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDemocracies are calling on schools to respond to a rise in extremist ideologies and actions. In this article Sigal Ben‐Porath situates the rise in extremism within the broader context of political polarization. She suggests that the latter is a more appropriate target for school intervention than the former. She further suggests that addressing polarization can result in a reduction in extremism, and that polarization can be addressed by refocusing the use of existing teaching and learning tools, rather than by instituting new forms of intervention such as the Prevent strategy used in the UK. Tackling polarization through media literacy and the development of democratic habits can help rectify false beliefs, which contribute both to broad political polarization and to individuals' slide toward extremism. Focusing on strengthening knowledge as well as social ties can fortify individuals' and communities' resilience against extremism, as well as build bridges and connect people to a sense of shared fate across political divides. These practices are more effective and more justified than targeting individual students who are suspected of holding radical beliefs.
Where does working from home “work”?
Authors: Peretz Hilla 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 outbreak forced many organizations to shift to work from home (WFH) arrangements, many are now considering whether to continue these arrangements post‐pandemic. To make informed decisions, understanding the environmental factors that influence employees' capacity to WFH effectively is crucial. This study contributes to this understanding by drawing on neo‐institutional theory to develop a model that characterizes how employees' WFH outcomes are shaped by their national institutional environment. The model was tested using data from multiple national‐level sources and individual‐level data obtained via a survey. The findings reveal that employees from high competency (cognitive institutions), meritocratic (normative institutions), and more labor‐regulated (regulatory institutions) contexts demonstrate higher levels of perceived productivity and satisfaction with WFH. Moreover, the link between the institutional context and WFH effectiveness is more pronounced when employees' capacity to adjust to WFH is high. Theoretical and practical implementations for organizations, especially multinational ones, are being discussed.
A new cheese population in Penicillium roqueforti and adaptation of the five populations to their ecological niche
Authors: Crequer Ewen , Ropars Jeanne , Jany Jean‐Luc , Caron Thibault , Coton Monika , Snirc Alodie , Vernadet Jean‐Philippe , Branca Antoine , Giraud Tatiana , Coton Emmanuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDomestication is an excellent case study for understanding adaptation and multiple fungal lineages have been domesticated for fermenting food products. Studying domestication in fungi has thus both fundamental and applied interest. Genomic studies have revealed the existence of four populations within the blue‐cheese‐making fungus Penicillium roqueforti. The two cheese populations show footprints of domestication, but the adaptation of the two non‐cheese populations to their ecological niches (i.e., silage/spoiled food and lumber/spoiled food) has not been investigated yet. Here, we reveal the existence of a new P. roqueforti population, specific to French Termignon cheeses, produced using small‐scale traditional practices, with spontaneous blue mould colonisation. This Termignon population is genetically differentiated from the four previously identified populations, providing a novel source of genetic diversity for cheese making. The Termignon population indeed displayed substantial genetic diversity, both mating types, horizontally transferred regions previously detected in the non‐Roquefort population, and intermediate phenotypes between cheese and non‐cheese populations. Phenotypically, the non‐Roquefort cheese population was the most differentiated, with specific traits beneficial for cheese making, in particular higher tolerance to salt, to acidic pH and to lactic acid. Our results support the view that this clonal population, used for many cheese types in multiple countries, is a domesticated lineage on which humans exerted strong selection. The lumber/spoiled food and silage/spoiled food populations were not more tolerant to crop fungicides but showed faster growth in various carbon sources (e.g., dextrose, pectin, sucrose, xylose and/or lactose), which can be beneficial in their ecological niches. Such contrasted phenotypes between P. roqueforti populations, with beneficial traits for cheese‐making in the cheese populations and enhanced ability to metabolise sugars in the lumber/spoiled food population, support the inference of domestication in cheese fungi and more generally of adaptation to anthropized environments.
Dentine surface modification and remineralization induced by bioactive toothpastes
Authors: Gandolfi Maria Giovanna , Taddei Paola , Zamparini Fausto , Ottolenghi Livia , Polimeni Antonella , Prati Carlo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, dentine surface was analysed through Environmental‐scanning‐electron‐microscopy (ESEM) with energy‐dispersive‐X‐ray‐spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier‐transform‐infrared‐spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total‐reflectance (ATR) to assess the morpho‐chemical changes and variations in mineralization degree after demineralizing treatment, after five toothpastes application (HA & Citrate toothpaste, Zinc‐HA toothpaste, Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate toothpaste, Arginine & Calcium carbonate toothpaste, Colgate‐Triple‐Action, and Control toothpaste), after soaking in artificial saliva and after citric acid attack.MethodsCa/P, Ca/N and P/N ratios were calculated from EDX atomic data to evaluate the mineralization degree of dentine surface. The IR calcium phosphate (CaP)/collagen and carbonate/collagen ratios has been evaluated to assess the remineralization changes in dentine; the carbonate/collagen IR ratio was calculated to identify the nucleation of B‐type‐carbonated apatite and calcium carbonate.ResultsESEM–EDX and ATR–FTIR showed residuals of toothpastes after the treatments in all cases, with a general increase in the mineralization degree after soaking in artificial saliva and a decrease after acid attack.Treatment with Arginine & Calcium carbonate toothpaste showed the highest Ca/P value after treatment (Ca/P 1.62) and acid attack (Ca/P 1.5) in confirmation, IR showed the highest amount of carbonate after treatment and soaking in artificial saliva.Arginine and calcium carbonate toothpaste and HA and citrate toothpaste remained to a higher extent on the dentine surface and revealed a higher remineralization activity. These formulations showed higher resistance to demineralization attack, as demonstrated by a higher ICaP/IAmide II intensity ratio than those obtained after EDTA treatment.ConclusionsToothpastes that remained to a higher extent on dentine surface (arginine and calcium carbonate toothpaste in particular) were more able to promote remineralization. The formed calcium phosphate (CaPs) phase was intimately bound to dentine rather than a simple deposit.
Deformity or variation? Phenotypic diversity in the zebrafish vertebral column
Authors: Martini Arianna , Sahd Lauren , Rücklin Martin , Huysseune Ann , Hall Brian K. , Boglione Clara , Witten P. Eckhard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVertebral bodies are composed of two types of metameric elements, centra and arches, each of which is considered as a developmental module. Most parts of the teleost vertebral column have a one‐to‐one relationship between centra and arches, although, in all teleosts, this one‐to‐one relationship is lost in the caudal fin endoskeleton. Deviation from the one‐to‐one relationship occurs in most vertebrates, related to changes in the number of vertebral centra or to a change in the number of arches. In zebrafish, deviations also occur predominantly in the caudal region of the vertebral column. In‐depth phenotypic analysis of wild‐type zebrafish was performed using whole‐mount stained samples, histological analyses and synchrotron radiation X‐ray tomographic microscopy 3D reconstructions. Three deviant centra phenotypes were observed: (i) fusion of two vertebral centra, (ii) wedge‐shaped hemivertebrae and (iii) centra with reduced length. Neural and haemal arches and their spines displayed bilateral and unilateral variations that resemble vertebral column phenotypes of stem‐ward actinopterygians or other gnathostomes as well as pathological conditions in extant species. Whether it is possible to distinguish variations from pathological alterations and whether alterations resemble ancestral conditions is discussed in the context of centra and arch variations in other vertebrate groups and basal actinopterygian species.
Effectiveness of teen Mental Health First Aid in Improving Teen‐to‐Teen Support Among American Adolescents*
Authors: Wilcox Holly C. , Pas Elise , Murray Sarah , Kahn Geoffrey , DeVinney Aubrey , Bhakta Sanjana , Rosenbaum Lacey , Hart Laura M. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDteen Mental Health First Aid (tMHFA) is an Australian school‐based universal program for grade 10 to 12 students. tMHFA teaches teens how to recognize and respond to a peer in crisis or experiencing mental health concerns.METHODSSchools implementing tMHFA in 2019 and 2020 were propensity score matched, yielding a sample of instructors (n = 130) and students (n = 1915) in 44 high schools in 24 American states. Effectiveness and acceptability were assessed with student surveys at baseline and after implementation.RESULTSThere were significant findings for primary outcomes, including improved helpful first aid intentions (Cohen ds = 0.57 to 0.58), confidence supporting a peer (ds = 0.19 to 0.31); the number of adults rated as helpful (ds = 0.37 to 0.44); and reductions in stigmatizing beliefs (ds = 0.21 to 0.40) and “harmful first aid intentions” (ds = 0.11 to 0.42). Instructors and students rated the program favorably with students sharing improvements on their recognition and responses to mental health problems and crises.CONCLUSIONtMHFA is an effective, feasible, and scalable training program for increasing mental health literacy and decreasing mental health stigma in adolescents in the short term, consistent with trials of tMHFA in Australian adolescents.
Co‐occurrence of fecal incontinence with constipation or irritable bowel syndrome indicates the need for personalized treatment
Authors: Sun Ge , Trzpis Monika , Ding Haibo , Gao Xianhua , Broens Paul M. A. , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare the prevalence and symptoms of fecal incontinence (FI) in relation to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐associated FI), constipation (constipation‐associated FI), and isolation (isolated FI).MethodsData were analyzed from 3145 respondents without organic comorbidities known to influence defecation function from the general Chinese population who filled in the online Groningen Defecation and Fecal Continence questionnaire. FI, IBS, and constipation were evaluated with the Rome IV criteria.Key ResultsThe prevalence of FI was 10.5% (n = 329) in the non‐comorbidity group. After multivariable logistic regression analysis, IBS (odds ratio [OR]: 12.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.06–17.36) and constipation (OR: 4.38, 95% CI: 3.27–5.85) were the most significant factors contributing to FI. Based on this finding, 106/329 (32.2%) had IBS‐associated FI, 119/329 (36.2%) had constipation‐associated FI, and 104/329 (31.6%) had isolated FI. Among the 329 FI respondents, there was a high prevalence of IBS and constipation‐related symptoms, including abdominal pain (81.5%) and abdominal bloating (77.8%) for IBS and straining during defecation (75.4%), incomplete defecation (72.3%), defecation blockage (63.2%), anal pain during defecation (59.3%), and hard stools (24%) for constipation. The patients with IBS‐associated FI asked for specialists' help less frequently than those with isolated FI. Interestingly, among the patients with constipation‐associated FI, 56.3% used anti‐diarrhea medicine.Conclusions and InferencesThe prevalence of IBS‐associated FI, constipation‐associated FI, and isolated FI is comparably high. It is important to diagnose and target the cause of FI to provide personalized and cause‐targeting care instead of treating only the FI symptoms.
The clinical effect of benesco™ on reflux symptoms: A double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Kuipers Thijs , Oude Nijhuis Renske A. B. , Schuitenmaker Jeroen M. , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases in the western world. Lifestyle modifications and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) form the basis of the management of GERD. A subset of patients seeks for (natural) alternative therapies besides PPIs. benesco™ is an over‐the‐counter nutrition based on quercetin which has a presumed positive effect on esophageal barrier function. Therefore we aim to assess the effect of benesco™ on reflux symptoms.MethodsWe performed a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial in participants with reflux symptoms. Participants were assigned randomly (1:1) to receive 6 weeks of benesco™ (three times daily one lozenge containing 200 mg of quercetin) or placebo. The primary outcome was treatment success (≥50% reduction in Reflux Disease Questionnaire Score). Secondary outcomes included GERD‐related quality of life, reflux‐free days and nights, and participant‐reported treatment success.Key ResultsOne hundred participants were randomized. Treatment success was seen in 18 (39%) of 46 participants in the intervention group versus 21 (47%) of 45 in the placebo group (p = 0.468). In the intervention group 10 (1–21) reflux‐free days were reported compared to 10 (2–25) in the placebo group (p = 0.673). In addition, 38 (34–41) versus 39 (35–42) reflux‐free nights were reported (p = 0.409).Conclusions & InferencesIn our trial benesco™ showed no significant benefit over placebo at group level.
The Early Bird Catches the Worm: The Effect of Birth Order on Old‐Age Mortality
Authors: Noghanibehambari Hamid , Fletcher Jason 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrevious studies explore the role of birth order in children's and adults’ outcomes. This literature usually provides evidence of disadvantage of children with higher birth order. A narrow strand of this literature explores the association between birth order and old‐age mortality. This study re‐visits the birth‐order‐longevity relationship using US data. We employ Social Security Administration death records between the years 1988 and 2005 linked to the 1940 full‐count census and implement family fixed effect strategy to compare within‐sibling differences in the outcome. The findings suggest that later‐born children live, on average, 1–3 fewer months of life. The observed associations are exclusively concentrated among whites. However, the results do not point to significant heterogeneity based on family socioeconomic status, maternal education, and gender. Additional analyses suggest that higher birth order is associated with negative early educational outcomes.