bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Experiential training course on spirituality for multidisciplinary palliative care teams in a hospital setting: a mixed-method evaluation”
Authors: Tanzi Silvia , Artioli Giovanna , Bertocchi Elisabetta , Balestra Giulietta Luul , Ghirotto Luca , Cagna Mario , Laurenti Filippo , Sacchi Simona 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: There is widespread agreement about the importance of Spiritual Training Programs (STPs) for healthcare professionals caring for cancer patients, and that reflecting on one’s own spirituality is the first step. Health Professionals (HPs) working in hospitals must develop this dimension to guarantee quality of life as well as spiritual and emotional support. In this paper, we propose a possible training format and assess its implementation.
Methods: This is a Phase 0-I study that follows the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. The program was implemented for hospital palliative care health professionals. The study included one theory lesson, three spiritual interactions, four pieces of reflective writing, and two individual follow-up sessions for each participant. The evaluation was performed according to Moore’s framework using data triangulation from 3 rounds of semi-structured interviews, reflective writing, and a meeting to validate the results from the whole group.
Results: The program was implemented according to the plan and the program components were highly appreciated by the participants. Analysis of the interviews confirmed a shift in meaning in what we defined as (1) What is spirituality?, (2) Getting spiritual experience at work, (3) Spirituality and the need for nourishment, (4) Self-reflection on one’s own spirituality. Reflective journals written by the participants confirmed the results and highlighted a) the value of time dedicated to spirituality, b) the role of other colleagues, and c) the transferability to care relationships.The training had an impact on Moore’s Level 3B.
Conclusions: Spiritual training for hospital professionals working in different disciplines is feasible. Reflecting on their own spirituality spontaneously raised the need for health professionals to have spiritual tools to care for patients. Having time dedicated to spirituality and the ongoing mentorship of Spiritual Care Professionals (SCPs) were suggested as key elements for success and to gain support from management. Future research will need to expand this Spiritual Care Training (SCT) to other Specialist Palliative Care Services (SPCSs) in a hospital setting.
Notoginsenoside R1 prevents EMT of BEAS-2B cells via suppressing the TGF-β1/Smad pathway
Authors: Bi Hui , Wang Gui , Li Zhiying , Yan Tingzan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) is a main effective component of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen, which can inhibit lung fibroblast cell inflammatory injury. In the present study, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model of BEAS-2B cells treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was established in vitro to investigate the effects of NR1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results revealed that the expression levels of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA, a mesenchymal marker) were increased, and the levels of E-cadherin (an epithelial marker) were decreased due to exposure to CSE, which was significantly reversed by NR1. Moreover, the components of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway, including TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 induced by CSE, were also downregulated through NR1. In addition, NR1 inhibited the binding activity of phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and p-Smad3 complexes to plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. In conclusion, NR1 relieves EMT caused by CSE in BEAS-2B cells via suppressing the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
Identification and Classification of Skin Diseases using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Pai Venkatesh R , Pai Soujanya G , Suhasi P M , Rekha P M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Health is the most important aspect of a human’s life. Humans are covered by the largest organ of their body, the skin. Protecting the body from germs and regulating body temperature are the basic functionalities of the skin. If the skin is not protected, then it may lead to skin diseases caused by bacterial infections, fungal infections, etc. The cost involved in diagnosing skin diseases may not seem cost-effective to everyone. Moreover, dermatologists need to use their professional experience and may have to invest more time in diagnosing skin diseases which usually involves the use of images captured using a dermoscope. The proposed methodology adopts Deep Learning techniques for identifying and classifying skin diseases caused by bacteria and fungi by making use of non-dermoscopic images. The problem statement is an image classification task. The dataset consists of five classes which include two classes of bacterial skin disease namely Cellulitis and Impetigo, and two classes of fungi skin diseases namely Ringworm and Sporotrichosis. Healthy Skin images are the fifth class in the dataset. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is known to be the most suitable deep learning algorithm for image processing applications. The power of the transfer learning technique is utilized by applying the fine-tuned version of VGG16 architecture. A web application is developed using Streamlit to provide a smooth user interface for displaying the predicted result of a skin image. The web app facilitates a user to either upload an image or captures a real-time image. The developed solution achieves an accuracy of 86% and an F1-score of 85%. Such a deep learning model will assist dermatologists in decision making, reduce the time required for diagnosis, and also minimizes the cost involved by a significant amount.
Ninety-degree angled collimator: a dosimetric study related to dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: SERARSLAN Alparslan , DASTAN Yalcın , AKSU Telat , YILDIZ Rana Elif , GURSEL Bilge , Meydan Deniz , OKUMUS Nilgün OZBEK 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground Our purpose was to ensure that the dose constraints of the organs at risk (OARs) were not exceeded while increasing the prescription dose to the planning target volume (PTV) from 45 Gy to 50.4 Gy with the dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique. While trying for this purpose, a new dynamic IMRT technique that named 90° angled collimated dynamic IMRT (A-IMRT) planning was developed by us. Methods This study was based on the computed tomography data sets of 20 patients with postoperatively diagnosed International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage 2 endometrial carcinoma. For each patient, conventional dynamic IMRT (C-IMRT, collimator angle of 0° at all gantry angles), A-IMRT (collimator angle of 90° at gantry angles of 110°, 180°, 215°, and 285°), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were planned. Planning techniques were compared with parameters used to evaluate PTV and OARs via dose-volume-histogram analysis using the paired two-tailed Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test;p< 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance. Results All plans achieved adequate dose coverage for PTV. Conformality was best obtained with VMAT, whereas homogeneity was best obtained with C-IMRT. The conformality of A-IMRT was inferior to the conformality of C-IMRT; A-IMRT had similar homogeneity to VMAT. The bone marrow dose constraint was exceeded in 4 (20%), 16 (80%), and 18 (90%) patients with VMAT, A-IMRT, and C-IMRT, respectively. The bladder dose constraint was exceeded in no patients with A-IMRT or VMAT, but it was exceeded in 19 (95%) patients with C-IMRT. Dose constraints of the rectum and bilateral femoral heads were exceeded in no patients with A-IMRT or VMAT, but they were exceeded in 20 (100%) patients with C-IMRT. The dose constraint of the bowel (for V40 as in the RTOG 0418 trial) was exceeded in 4 (20%), 5 (25%), and 8 (40%) patients with VMAT, A-IMRT, and C-IMRT, respectively. Conclusions OARs are better protected when external beam radiotherapy is applied to the pelvis at a dose of 50.4 Gy by turning the collimator angle to 90° at some gantry angles with the dynamic IMRT technique in the absence of VMAT.
Broadband circular polarization conversion metasurface with half-transmission and half-reflection simultaneously for full-space wavefront manipulation application
Authors: Li Bingzhen , Chen Yuhua , Yu Songlin , Zhou Xiao , Wu Qingqing , Wang Jijun , Li Yan , Li Fangyuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a single-layer metasurface (MS) composed of a S-shaped resonator structure surrounded by circular cover is proposed and investigated, which can realize the broadband circular polarization (CP) conversion with half-transmission and half-reflection simultaneously, and full-space wavefront manipulation in microwave region. Both simulation and experiment results indicate that the orthogonal CP coefficients of both transmission and reflection are over 0.35 for the normal incident both left/right-handed circular polarization (LCP/RCP) wave, and yielding a polarization conversion efficiency of about 22% (approaching the theoretical limit) from 6.2 GHz to 15 GHz. In addition, the full 2π phase-shift of orthogonal CP wave for both transmission and reflection can be achieved based on the geometrical phase modulation principle by only varying the orientation angle of the unit-cell. As proof of concept for the full-space wavefront manipulation, anomalous reflection and refraction, vortex beam generation and planar focusing are demonstrated numerically. Our design will provide an important reference for the practical applications for ultra-broadband full-space CP and wavefront manipulation.
Downregulation of HHLA2 inhibits ovarian cancer progression via the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppresses the expression of CA9
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan , Zheng Panpan , Zheng Xiao , Chen Lujun , Kong Caixia , Liu Wenzhi , Li Shuping , Jiang Jingting 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: HHLA2 has been recently demonstrated to play multifaceted roles in several types of cancers. However, its underlying mechanism in the progression of human ovarian cancer (OC) remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether downregulation of HHLA2 inhibited malignant phenotypes of human OC cells and explore its specific mechanism.
Methods: In this study, lentivirus was used to establish individual stable cell lines. In vitro tumorigenesis assays, including cell proliferation, invasion, and wound healing assays were performed to evaluate the biological functions of the target genes in ovarian carcinoma cells. Dual-Luciferase assay was performed to identify the CA9 promoter activity. Animal studies were performed to analyze the effect of HHLA2/CA9 on ovarian cancer progression.
Results: Downregulation of HHLA2 significantly suppressed the viability, invasion, and migration of OC cells. Downregulation of HHLA2 in OC cells reduced the expression of CA9 and increased the expressions of p-IKKβ and p-RelA. Conversely, the viability, invasion, and migration of HHLA2-depleted OC cells were increased when CA9 was upregulated. In vivo, we found that downregulation of HHLA2 significantly inhibited tumor growth, which was reversed by CA9 overexpression. In addition, downregulation of HHLA2 inhibited the OC progression via activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and decreasing the expression of CA9.
Conclusion: Our data suggested a link between HHLA2 and NF-κB axis in the pathogenesis of OC, and these findings might provide valuable insights into the development of novel potential therapeutic targets for OC.
FruitPhenoBox – a device for rapid and automated fruit phenotyping of small sample sizes
Authors: Kirchgessner Norbert , Hodel Marius , Studer Bruno , Patocchi Andrea , Broggini Giovanni AL 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Fruit appearance of apples is cultivar-specific and one of the main criteria for consumer choice. Consequently, appearance is an important selection criterion in the breeding of new cultivars. It is also used for the description of older varieties or landraces. In commercial apple production, sorting devices are used to classify a high number of fruits from a few cultivars. In contrast, the description of fruits from germplasm collections or for breeding is based on a few fruits from many cultivars and is mostly performed visually by pomology experts. Therefore, such visual ratings are laborious, often difficult to compare and remain subjective.
Results: Here we report on a morphometric device, called the FruitPhenoBox, for automated fruit weighting and appearance description using computer-based analysis of five images per fruit. The recording of approximately 100 fruits each from 15 apple cultivars using the FruitPhenoBox was achieved rapidly, with an average handling and recording time below eleven seconds per fruit. The comparison of the fruits from the 15 apple cultivars identified significant differences in shape index, fruit width, height and weight. Fruit shape was characteristic for each cultivar, while fruit coloration showed larger variation within sample sets. Assessing a subset of 20 randomly selected fruits per cultivar, fruit height and width were described with a relative margin of error of 2.6% and 2.1% and 6.2%, respectively, calculated from the mean value of all available fruits.
Conclusions: The FruitPhenoBox allows for the rapid and consistent description of fruits of a single apple genotype. By relating the relative margin of error for fruit width, height and weight description with different sample sizes, it was possible to determine an appropriate fruit sample size to efficiently and accurately describe the recorded traits. Therefore, the FruitPhenoBox is a useful tool for breeding and the description of apple germplasm collections.
Caveolin-1 alleviates angiotensin Ⅱ induced endothelial injury and cerebral microbleed via mitochondrial protection
Authors: Li Cheng-Cheng , Tang Xiao-Qin , Wang Jie , Duan Hai-jun , Xia Min , Guo Chao , Chen Yu-jie , Wang Bo , Chen Yong-jie , Yin Yi , Chen Wei-Xiang , Feng Hua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds are a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and a predictor of cerebral hemorrhage. However, the causes of cerebral microbleeds remain unclear. Research on the mechanism of cerebral microbleeds may provide new ideas for the treatment of CSVD. In a mouse model, we show cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment with increasing expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Mechanistically, in an in vitro study, we find that Cav-1 knockdown significantly affects the mitochondrial pathway in the cytoplasm and decreases the endothelial viability. Moreover, Cav-1 knockdown induces mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization and mitochondria reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By contrast, overexpression of Cav-1 alleviates the decrease of cell viability, MMP depolarization and mitochondria ROS production induced by angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ). Furthermore, Cav-1 activation significantly improves cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment in CSVD mice. We identify Cav-1 as an endogenous protective molecule via mitochondrial protection, and activation of Cav-1 resists microbleeds and cognitive impairment in an animal model of CSVD. Cav-1 might be a candidate therapeutic target for CSVD.
Double Muscling
Authors: Sutherland Tom 
Published: March 2023

The topic for my presentation here is “Double Muscling.” I am sure that all of you have experienced a good deal of interest in this topic in your practice. There is a good deal of intrigue among purebred breeders particularly, and among commercial cattlemen as well.
First of all, we should make clear that the name is a misnomer. “Double muscling” is wrong. There are no double muscles present. It is a case of hypertrophy of the muscles.
Biochemistry of Ruminant Nutrition
Authors: Wass W. M. 
Published: March 2023

The ruminant animal has two special adaptations for which it is characteristically noted. The first of these is the adaptation of the digestive tract to the ingested nutrients. One part of this is anatomical in the form of the four-compartment stomach and one part is biochemical in the form of rumen fermentation.
The second is the adaptation of the tissues to the end products of digestion, notably the short chain, volatile fatty acids and the simultaneous production of large quantities of bacterial cell protein.
The animal thus has a capacity for utilization of feedstuffs not usable by other species. These include cellulose and inorganic nitrogen.
The large storage compartment made up mostly by the rumen also gives the animal a capacity for surviving comparatively long periods without feed or water.
Life Cycle Feeding of Dairy Cattle
Authors: Crowley James W. 
Published: March 2023

The title of this paper, “Life Cycle Feeding of Dairy Cattle,” implies that a total course or textbook on dairy feeding can be summarized in a few pages. Likewise, the time allotted on the program would indicate that the total subject of dairy feeding is going to be covered in less than one hour.
The major objective must be simply a summary of major points in feeding dairy animals of different ages and different stages of production and reproduction. Primarily then, this discussion could be called thumb rules for feeding. The discussion will largely be devoted to those thumb rules that are either changed, emphasized or developed because of new research or observations.
Treatment for Cattle Parasites
Authors: Poschel Gordon P. 
Published: March 2023

Historically, the original idea of therapeutic treatment was to alleviate the symptoms of a disease situation. As methods for testing drugs became more sophisticated and the drugs more active, the concept of treating against the causative agent of a disease or infection was established.
Using this concept in treating parasitic infections, one can easily see an economic gain in that those animals with clinical signs of parasitism can be successfully treated and possible mortality prevented. The one basic fault in this type of program was the frequent misdiagnosis of verminous pneumonia or gastrointestinal parasites as bacterial or viral pneumonia or gastroenteritis.
Toxic Pastures, Weeds and Chemicals
Authors: Bracken Frank 
Published: March 2023

I am going to hit some things that are of interest to me and some of them may be of use to you; some may seem a little bit provincial.
The first consideration about poisonings is the possibility of one being present. In acute poisoning, whether it is plant or chemical, the first tip-off, of course, is single or multiple death and illnesses that are unaccounted for. In just a matter of a few days you will have several animals involved and you cannot account for it for other reasons.
The next thing that I think is equally important, and you should start inquiring about it right away, is what change of management occurred? Has the feed been changed? Was the pasture changed? Was there something done about spraying recently? Handling is the next thing to be encountered or to investigate. Well, aside from these two basic principles, I think the only other thing to go on is a nagging suspicion that this can be a poisoning, and usually that is the way we end up; anyway, at least I do! The chronic type of poisoning is a little different problem. Luckily, for most chronic poisonings you have tissue changes that are suggestive—kidney damage related to mercury intake or liver damage related to some of the other damaging toxic agents.
Progress in Infectious Disease Control
Authors: Clarkson M. R. 
Published: March 2023

Dr. Jarrett, President Tharp, Dr. Allenstein, Com-missioner Irvin, mem hers and guests of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners.
It is a pleasure to be with you as you recognize our nation's bicentennial, and a special honor to be given this opportunity to reflect on some of your accomplishments as well as on some of the challenges of today and tomorrow in infectious disease control.
We in New England have been celebrating the bicentennial since the first of this year. As our forefathers were engaged in the struggle for in-dependence fully a year and a half before the Declaration of Independence, so their descendents also forged ahead with full confidence that once again the rest of the country eventually would catch up.
Feeding the Dry Cow
Authors: McCullough M. E. 
Published: March 2023

The practice of dividing the cow's year into periods depending upon the stage of the gestation-lactation cycle should now be discarded. Feeding the dry cow is as much a factor during the first stages of lactation as the last stage of lactation is a factor during the dry period. For this reason, we cannot isolate one period and call it the dry period from a purely nutritional point of view. In terms of nutrition for the high producing dairy cow, modern feeding programs should feed the cow on a total year basis. The concept of "gestation-lactation" feeding is illustrated in Figure 1.
Traditional dairy feeding programs involve a table of nutrient requirements and tables of feed composition. The two parts must be in the same unit of measurement and their usefullness is dependent upon the precision of both. The practice of stating energy values in different ways (starch equivalent, oat unit, barley unit, net energy, total digestible nutrients, etc.) has necessitated the development of many standards and tables of feed composition. Despite many attempts to develop values for equating measures of energy and recommendations for the use of a single standard, arguments for and against standards remain.
In addition to the problems of expressions of energy, conventional systems fail to consider other important points such as feed intake and the end-products of rumen fermentation. Armstrong (1) pointed out the necessity for considering these end-products of digestion, and Kleiber (5) maintained that studies of milk formation are more of a chemical problem than a problem of energestics. Despite the known short-comings of conventional systems for feeding dairy cows, they served the dariy industry well for so long as feeding was done by experienced dairymen willing to provide considerable attention to individual cows within herds.
In recent years, several changes in dairying have taken place which created the need for a new philosophy in feeding dairy cows. Among these changes were the following: 1) The use of large herds where individual feeding cannot be properly practiced. 2) The breeding of cows for levels of production high enough to create constant problems with borderline nutrient deficiencies. 3. Feeding program which create stress conditions and result in rumen health problems.
This paper will review the theory and practice of a system for feeding dairy cows which was designed to overcome many of the problems encountered in traditional programs. The reader who is interested in a detailed listing of literature citations and a point-by-point consideration of the factors used in the program is referred to the book "Optimum Feeding of Dairy Animals" (7). In this review, general principles will be outlined instead of a detailed literature review.