bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MIMO approach for longitudinal sensing and control noise projections of Advanced Virgo gravitational wave detector
Authors: Tapia San Martín E N , Valentini M , Bersanetti D , Was M , Maggiore R , van Dael M , Perry J W , Swinkels B L , Mantovani M , Freise A , Tacca M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
So far, the sensitivity of gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, in the low-frequency and mid-frequency regions of its bandwidth, has been limited by technical noises. The re-injection of sensing and control noises can be one of the main limitations. After the end of the third observing run O3, in preparation for the fourth observing run O4, an upgrade phase started among all the km-scale GW detectors, namely LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA, with the aim of improving their sensitivity. In particular, for the case of Advanced Virgo, one of the most significant upgrades is the installation of a signal recycling (SR) mirror, introducing the SR cavity. The main target of this SR mirror is to shape the sensitivity curve of the detector. The installation of a SR mirror adds an extra optical cavity and, thus, extra DoFs (longitudinal and angular), that should be controlled to keep its working point, ultimately increasing the complexity of the whole control strategy. In order to have an accurate description of the interferometer, we have implemented a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) model in the frequency domain. The target of this paper, after showing the Advanced Virgo configuration for the next observing run, is to describe the control scheme used for the main longitudinal degrees of freedom using a MIMO approach. In particular, we detail a useful matrix representation for the modeled system. Finally, we use the implemented model to project the sensing and control noises on the sensitivity curve. Following the obtained results, we propose noise subtraction filters to achieve the low control noise target in the low-frequency region of the sensitivity curve. Additionally, using this model, we have implemented the core of a noise budget tool, which will allow to estimate the contribution of all the known sources of noise on the measured sensitivity.
On the stability of homogeneous equilibria in the Vlasov–Poisson system on R3
Authors: Ionescu A D , Pausader B , Wang X , Widmayer K 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe goal of this article is twofold. First, we investigate the linearized Vlasov–Poisson system around a family of spatially homogeneous equilibria inR3(the unconfined setting). Our analysis follows classical strategies from physics (Binney and Tremaine 2008Galactic Dynamics(Princeton University Press); Landau 1946Acad. Sci. USSR. J. Phys.1025–34; Penrose 1960Phys. Fluids3258–65) and their subsequent mathematical extensions (Bedrossianet al2022SIAM J. Math. Anal.544379–406; Degond 1986Trans. Am. Math. Soc.294435–53; Glassey and Schaeffer 1994Transp. Theory Stat. Phys.23411–53; Grenieret al2021Math. Res. Lett.281679–702; Han-Kwanet al2021Commun. Math. Phys.3871405–40; Mouhot and Villani 2011Acta Math.20729–201). The main novelties are a unified treatment of a broad class of analytic equilibria and the study of a class of generalized Poisson equilibria. For the former, this provides a detailed description of the associated Green’s functions, including in particular precise dissipation rates (which appear to be new), whereas for the latter we exhibit explicit formulas. Second, we review the main result and ideas in our recent work (Ionescuet al2022 (arXiv:2205.04540)) on the full global nonlinear asymptotic stability of the Poisson equilibrium inR3.
Estimation of the cell membrane permeability for gas transport from surface pH measurements
Authors: Bocchinfuso A , Calvetti D , Somersalo E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bayesian particle filters (PFs) are a viable alternative to sampling methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate model parameters and related uncertainties when the forward model is a dynamical system, and the data are time series that depend on the state vector. PF techniques are particularly attractive when the dimensionality of the state space is large and the numerical solution of the dynamical system over the time interval corresponding to the data is time consuming. Moreover, information contained in the PF solution can be used to infer on the sensitivity of the unknown parameters to different temporal segments of the data. This, in turn, can guide the design of more efficient and effective data collection procedures. In this article the PF method is applied to the problem of estimating cell membrane permeability to gases from pH measurements on or near the cell membrane. The forward model in this case comprises a spatially distributed system of coupled reaction–diffusion differential equations. The high dimensionality of the state space and the need to account for the micro-environment created by the pH electrode measurement device are additional challenges that are addressed by the solution method.
Metamaterial as perfect absorber for high sensitivity refractive index based biosensing applications at infrared frequencies
Authors: Mostufa Shahriar , Yari Parsa , Rezaei Bahareh , Xu Kanglin , Sun Jiajia , Shi Zongqian , Wu Kai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a novel design of a metamaterial unit cell absorber, which is based on a metal/insulator/metal sandwich structure. The design is subjected to comprehensive finite element method computational analysis to ensure accurate and reliable results. The proposed metamaterial sandwich structure demonstrates exceptional absorption performance, achieving a nearly perfect absorption rate of 99.996% at the resonance infrared frequency of 39.8 THz. To provide a detailed theoretical explanation of nearly perfect absorption, we employ the effective medium theory, impedance matching, and field distribution analysis. Additionally, we have optimized the structural parameters of the sensor to maximize its absorption peak. This includes optimizing the thickness of the gold (Au) layer (from 0.03 to 0.28 μm), the distance between the L shape corners (from 0.60 to 0.90 μm), and the thickness of SiC dielectric spacer (from 0.20 to 0.45 μm). Furthermore, we showcase the remarkable sensitivity of the proposed metamaterial unit cell in detecting subtle changes in the refractive index through the implementation of a sensing medium setup in our model. Remarkably, we achieve a frequency shift sensitivity of 3.74 THz/RIU, along with a quality factor of 10.33, for a wide range of refractive indices (1.0–2.0). Moreover, for cancer detection, we attain a sensitivity of 3.5 THz/RIU. These findings highlight the exceptional performance of our approach in accurately detecting changes in refractive index, making it a promising candidate for various sensing applications. The novelty of our work lies in the design of a metamaterial unit cell structure. This configuration exhibits several noteworthy features, including wide incident angle (

θ

) coverage up to 60°, polarization insensitivity, exceptional frequency shift sensitivity, high absorption peaks across a wide range of refractive indices, and the ability to distinguish cancer cells from healthy ones.
Mid-infrared pyroelectric detector with metasurface electrode for broadband enhanced absorption
Authors: Zou Yongtu , Chen Shanri , Sun Jigeng , Zhou Shaolin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pyroelectric photodetectors have continuously been an attractive candidate due to their noncryogenic and easy-to-fabricate specifics. Because the detectivity or resolution of the pyroelectric detector is closely related to the absorptivity to incident radiation, we propose a scheme for a metasurface-based pyroelectric detector (MPPD) by constructing its top electrode with an absorptive metasurface composed of nanogrid-patch units. The resonance modes of Fabry–Perot cavity, magnetic dipole and electric dipole are collectively leveraged for the mid-infrared MPPD with optimal broadband absorption plus three absorptive peaks at 3.13 μm, 3.94 μm and 4.8 μm. The mechanisms and field distributions of these resonance peaks are intensively explored and verified for configuration of the metasurface top electrode with optimized geometries. Finally, our scheme achieves an average absorptivity of 94.2% in the mid-infrared range of 3–5 μm, with its thermal response enhanced by 2.6 times that results in a significantly improved pyroelectric current for the detector.
Atomistic designing of 2D quantum materials heterostructures CdF/CrI3 for Berry curvature driven tunable intrinsic anomalous Hall state
Authors: Sadhukhan Surasree , Kanungo Sudipta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The coupling between topology and magnetism can explore rich physics with fundamental interest. Passing through the phase of Bismuth-based topological insulators magnetized by the 3d/4f transition metal doping, currently the fabrication of quantum heterostructures by suitable new-generation 2D materials, has emerged as a prospective alternative. Following the current trends, the present investigation deals with the atomistic designing and investigation of the quantum heterostructures of the newly predicted massive Dirac semimetal CdF and well-known layered ferromagnetic insulator CrI3 using the first-principles density functional theory calculations supplemented by the low energy tight-binding model Hamiltonian. The designed strategy ensures the lattice mismatch should be within the permissible range. We have addressed the physical characteristics of heterostructures in terms of the non-trivial topological band inversion between Cd-5s and I-2p orbitals. Proximity effect induces magnetic interactions, breaks the time-reversal symmetry at the interface, and leads to Berry curvature-driven tunable intrinsic anomalous Hall conductance (AHC) at the Fermi energy. Our analysis reveals the electrons with high Fermi velocity (

≈

106 m s−1) in the heterostructures and the band topology at the Fermi level can be tuned effectively using very small external gate voltage or homogeneous electric field. Our investigation can open up new avenues for designing new topological phases in the heterostructure community and possible tailoring routes of the intrinsic AHC in moderate temperature.
Fault identification method based on generative adversarial network in distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Shang Ying , Wang Jiawen , Huang Sheng , Qu Shuai , He Qiujie , Wang Meikun , Li Di , Wang Weitao , Liu Guangqiang , Yao Chunmei , Wang Chen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of machine learning and deep learning, neural-network-based pattern recognition techniques have become a trend for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems. However, in some cases, certain types of data are difficult to obtain, which leads to imbalanced sample sets. To solve this problem, a data augmentation method based on a generative adversarial network is proposed in this study. First, normal operation samples, including the normal operation training and testing sets are collected using the DAS system. The cyclegan algorithm is then used to generate fault operation samples, a part of which can be selected as the fault operation training set, whereas the others can be viewed as the fault operation testing set. Furthermore, an effective method of data augmentation, called k-means clustering-synthetic minority oversampling technique deep convolutional generative adversarial network, is proposed to enhance the fault operation training set. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the on-load tap-changer, and the experimental results show that the average accuracy of the validation set for the classification task can reach 97%.
Granular metals with SiN
x
dielectrics
Authors: Gilbert Simeon J , Meyerson Melissa L , Kotula Paul G , Rosenberg Samantha G , Kmieciak Thomas G , McGarry Michael P , Siegal Michael P , Biedermann Laura B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding and controlling nanoscale interface phenomena, such as band bending and secondary phase formation, is crucial for electronic device optimization. In granular metal (GM) studies, where metal nanoparticles are embedded in an insulating matrix, the importance of interface phenomena is frequently neglected. We demonstrate that GMs can serve as an exemplar system for evaluating the role of secondary phases at interfaces through a combination of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical transport studies. We investigated SiN
x
as an alternative to more commonly used oxide-insulators, as SiN
x
-based GMs may enable high temperature applications when paired with refractory metals. Comparing Co-SiN
x
and Mo-SiN
x
GMs, we found that, in the tunneling-dominated insulating regime, Mo-SiN
x
had reduced metal-silicide formation and orders-of-magnitude lower conductivity. XPS measurements indicate that metal-silicide and metal-nitride formation are mitigatable concerns in Mo-SiN
x
. Given the metal-oxide formation seen in other GMs, SiN
x
is an appealing alternative for metals that readily oxidize. Furthermore, SiN
x
provides a path to metal-nitride nanostructures, potentially useful for various applications in plasmonics, optics, and sensing.
Investigating on sensing mechanism of MoS2-FET biosensors in response to proteins
Authors: Ji Ziheng , Wei Junqing , Luo Fengting , Liu Zihao , Lu Haotian , Chen Ruibing , Wang Yong , Qin Guoxuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors based on two-dimensional materials have gained extensive attention due to their high sensitivity, label-free detection capability, and fast response. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), with tunable bandgap, high surface-to-volume ratio, and smooth surface without dangling bonds, is a promising material for FET biosensors. Previous reports have demonstrated the fabrication of MoS2-FET biosensors and their high sensitivity detection of proteins. However, most prior research has focused on the realization of MoS2-FETs for detecting different kinds of proteins or molecules, while comprehensive analysis of the sensing mechanism and dominant device factors of MoS2-FETs in response to proteins is yet to investigate. In this study, we first fabricated MoS2-FET biosensor and detected different types of proteins (immunoglobulin G (IgG), β-actin, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)). Secondly, we built the model of the device and analyzed the sensing mechanism of MoS2-FETs in response to proteins. Experimental and modeling results showed that the induced doping effect and gating effect caused by the target protein binding to the device surface were the major influential factors. Specifically, the channel doping concentration and gate voltage (V
g) offset exhibited monotonic change as the concentration of the protein solution increases. For example, the channel doping concentration increased up to ∼37.9% and the V
g offset was ∼−1.3 V with 10−7
μg μl−1 IgG. The change was less affected by the device size. We also investigated the effects of proteins with opposite acid–base properties (β-actin and PSA) to IgG on the device sensing mechanism. β-actin and PSA exhibited behavior opposite to that of IgG. Additionally, we studied the response behavior of MoS2-FETs with different dimensions and dielectric materials (channel length, MoS2 thickness, dielectric layer thickness, dielectric layer material) to proteins. The underlying mechanisms were discussed in details. This study provides valuable guidelines for the design and application of MoS2-FET biosensors.
Unveiling the efficient state of Pd catalyst for robust electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination
Authors: Xu Shuyuan , Mei Bingbao , Li Fengjiao , Mao Jianing , Huang Changxing , Yan Yufeng , Chen Ningning , Xu Yinghua , Shi Meiqin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The application of electrochemical hydrodechlorination has been impeded due to the low utilization and activity of Pd catalyst. Herein, a series of Pd catalysts were prepared via the controllable evolution of Zn state during the pyrolysis of ZIF-8 nanosheet. Various forms of Pd with different chemical surroundings were generated upon the combined use of galvanic displacement and ion exchange process. Electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol was performed and the electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination efficiency of Pd/CN reaches 100% within 3 h at extra low Pd concentration. The coexistence of zero-valent Pd (Pd0) and nitrogen coordinated Pd (Pd–N) was verified by XAFS which provide multiple active sites for focusing on adsorbing H* and cracking C–Cl respectively. The synergetic effect between different chemical state of Pd for efficient hydrodechlorination of chloroaromatics and scheme for dexterous preparation of Pd based electrocatalyst are proposed and discussed.
Comprehensive evaluations of a prototype full field-of-view photon counting CT system through phantom studies
Authors: Zhan Xiaohui , Zhang Ruoqiao , Niu Xiaofeng , Hein Ilmar , Budden Brent , Wu Shuoxing , Markov Nicolay , Clarke Cameron , Qiang Yi , Taguchi Hiroki , Nomura Keiichi , Muramatsu Yoshihisa , Yu Zhou , Kobayashi Tatsushi , Thompson Richard , Miyazaki Hiroaki , Nakai Hiroaki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Photon counting CT (PCCT) has been a research focus in the last two decades. Recent studies and advancements have demonstrated that systems using semiconductor-based photon counting detectors (PCDs) have the potential to provide better contrast, noise and spatial resolution performance compared to conventional scintillator-based systems. With multi-energy threshold detection, PCD can simultaneously provide the photon energy measurement and enable material decomposition for spectral imaging. In this work, we report a performance evaluation of our first CdZnTe-based prototype full-size PCCT system through various phantom imaging studies. Approach. This prototype system supports a 500 mm scan field-of-view and 10 mm z-coverage at isocenter. Phantom scans were acquired using 120 kVp from 50 to 400 mAs to assess the imaging performance on: CT number accuracy, uniformity, noise, spatial resolution, material differentiation and quantification. Main results. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that PCCT, under the tested conditions, has superior imaging performance with lower noise and improved spatial resolution compared to conventional energy integrating detector (EID)-CT. Using projection domain material decomposition approach with multiple energy bin measurements, PCCT virtual monoenergetic images have lower noise, and good accuracy in quantifying iodine and calcium concentrations. These results lead to increased contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for both high and low contrast study objects compared to EID-CT at matched dose and spatial resolution. PCCT can also generate super-high resolution images using much smaller detector pixel size than EID-CT and greatly improve image spatial resolution. Significance. Improved spatial resolution and quantification accuracy with reduced image noise of the PCCT images can potentially lead to better diagnosis at reduced radiation dose compared to conventional EID-CT. Increased CNR achieved by PCCT suggests potential reduction in iodine contrast media load, resulting in better patient safety and reduced cost.
Multiple transparency windows in an atom-assisted Laguerre–Gaussian rovibrational cavity
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Luqman Murtza Muhammad , Asghar Sobia , Ziauddin  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An atom-assisted Laguerre–Gaussian rovibrational cavity is proposed to demonstrate the characteristics of the output probe field. The cavity comprises a fixed and moving mirror with a two-level qubit inside it, and the moving mirror can vibrate and rotate simultaneously. The addition of the qubit affects the output probe field properties, and the study explores the impact of various parameters on transparency windows. The article reports a new discovery of triple-transparency windows in a single-cavity system. The study also investigates the slow and fast light propagation in the output probe field and discusses the Stokes and anti-Stokes powers in the proposed cavity system. The findings have implications for the development of future optical devices and quantum communication systems.
Nonlinear interactions of two-kink-breather solution in Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama equation by modulated phase shift
Authors: Chen Mi , Wang Zhen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The waveforms and nonlinear interactions of a two-kink-breather solution of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama (YTSF) equation are studied by modulated phase shift. First, we obtain the parameter relations that respective affect the amplitudes of the kink and the breather solutions in kink-breather solution. Then, it is proved that the solutions in the regions near the singular boundaries of the phase shift can be divided into three kinds of solutions with repulsive or attractive interactions, in addition to the two-kink-breather solution. Interestingly, a breather soliton acts as a messenger to transfer energy during the repulsive interaction between the two kink-breather solutions with small amplitudes.
Sunlight harvesting in thin-film silicon solar cells using latticed Al2O3 anti-reflection coating, Ag disk NPs, and Ag back-reflector
Authors: Abdi Ghazal , Bahador Hamid 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Solar energy is one of the renewable energy sources that has been made available to humans at no cost. Therefore, solar cells are a suitable alternative candidate for fossil fuels. Thin-film solar cells, despite being a cost-effective technology, have low efficiency. Therefore, in this research work, we provided a new architecture for a 200 nm Si solar cell, in which a latticed Al2O3 ARC is used as an antireflection, and Ag disk shape nanoparticles are placed on the front surface of the active layer in the center of the lattices. Furthermore, an Ag film is used as a back-reflector in the rear surface of the cell. By this design, because of the forward light scattering and near-field enhancement plasmonic effect of the Ag disk, reducing the Fresnel reflection from the cell surface by latticed ARC, and recycling the unabsorbed transmitted photons by BRS, the short-circuit current density and the efficiency can be reached to 14.67 mA cm−2, and 7.11%, respectively. These parameters equal 3.94 mA cm−2, and 1.78% for the bare cell, respectively.
Effects of f(R, G) gravity on anisotropic charged compact objects
Authors: Ilyas M , Athar A R , Khan F , Anfal Asma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present study provides an in-depth analysis of the anisotropic matter distribution and various physical aspects of compact stars in the context of a f(R, G)-gravity framework. In order to gain an exhaustive understanding of these aspects, our study focuses on three particular compact stars: VELA X-1 (CS1), SAXJ1808.4-3658 (CS2), and 4U1820-30 (CS3). We conducted calculations on the relevant characteristics of these compact stars by employing three different models of f(R, G)-gravity. As a convenient approach, the f(R, G)-gravity is organized into two distinct components, which include f
1(R) and f
2(G). The R dependent component is modeled similarly to the Hu-Sawicki approach, while for modeling the G dependent component, we chose logarithmic and power law-like approaches and suggested three viable gravity models. Graphical methods are used to analyze the physical properties of the compact stars in the domain of suggested models of gravity.