bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation beyond boundaries: using animal movement networks in protected area assessment
Authors: Nightingale J. , Gill J. A. , Þórisson B. , Potts P. M. , Gunnarsson T. G. , Alves J. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) are a core component of conservation policy and practice. However, many species for which they are designated are highly mobile, and may move among sites within and beyond PA boundaries. Environmental impacts on sites beyond those boundaries could thus impact the PA's protected populations, with the risk of adversely affecting its conservation objectives. Conservationists therefore urgently need tools to assess impacts on PAs and their populations of developments beyond their boundaries. We present a framework for using network analysis of observations of marked individuals to assess the protection footprint of PAs in the wider landscape and the impact footprint of developments within or neighboring PAs. We illustrate the use of this framework by assessing the impact of a current airport development proposal on a partially protected wetland, the Tagus estuary in Portugal, specifically by evaluating the extent of noise disturbance on the PA's population of Black‐tailed Godwits, a protected migratory wader species. By analyzing individual movements between sites and across seasons, we find disturbance impacts on up to 68.3% of individual Black‐tailed Godwits overall, greatly exceeding the estimates of 0.46–5.5% in the airport's Environmental Impact Assessments which derived from count data. We then compared the pre‐development network with simulated networks that represented two levels of site avoidance by removing sites predicted to receive noise in excess of two thresholds, 55 or 65 dB(A). Avoidance by Godwits of the potentially‐impacted sites is predicted to have a larger effect on network structure than removing the same number of sites at random, suggesting that an airport in the proposed location would operate as a barrier to connectivity in this wetland. We also highlight the role that network analyses of locations of marked individuals can play in assessing environmental impacts on protected sites and populations.
Bird and insect pollinators differ in specialization and potential pollination services along disturbance and resource gradients
Authors: Neu Alexander , Cooksley Huw , Esler Karen J. , Pauw Anton , Roets Francois , Schurr Frank M. , Schleuning Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCombined studies of the communities and interaction networks of bird and insect pollinators are rare, especially along environmental gradients. Here, we determined how disturbance by fire and variation in sugar resources shape pollinator communities and interactions between plants and their pollinating insects and birds. We recorded insect and bird visits to 21 Protea species across 21 study sites and for 2 years in Fynbos ecosystems in the Western Cape, South Africa. We recorded morphological traits of all pollinator species (41 insect and nine bird species). For each site, we obtained estimates of the time since the last fire (range: 2–25 calendar years) and the Protea nectar sugar amount per hectare (range: 74–62 000 g/ha). We tested how post‐fire age and sugar amount influence the total interaction frequency, species richness and functional diversity of pollinator communities, as well as pollinator specialization (the effective number of plant partners) and potential pollination services (pollination service index) of insects and birds. We found little variation in the total interaction frequency, species richness and functional diversity of insect and bird pollinator communities, but insect species richness increased with post‐fire age. Pollinator specialization and potential pollination services of insects and birds varied differently along the environmental gradients. Bird pollinators visited fewer Protea species at sites with high sugar amount, while there was no such trend for insects. Potential pollination services of insect pollinators to Protea species decreased with increasing post‐fire age and resource amounts, whereas potential pollination services of birds remained constant along the environmental gradients. Despite little changes in pollinator communities, our analyses reveal that insect and bird pollinators differ in their specialization on Protea species and show distinct responses to disturbance and resource gradients. Our comparative study of bird and insect pollinators demonstrates that birds may be able to provide more stable pollination services than insects.
Postoperative pain perception and associated risk factors in children after continuous rotation versus reciprocating kinematics: A randomised prospective clinical trial
Authors: Elheeny Ahmad Abdel Hamid , Sermani Dania Ibrahem , Abdelmotelb Mahmoud Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo compare the postoperative pain of continuous rotation and reciprocating movements after pulpectomy of non‐vital primary molars and determine associated risk factors. 146 children aged 4–8 years with one primary molar indicated for pulpectomy were randomly assigned to two equal groups: those instrumented with continuous rotation motion (Hyflex EDM Coltene/Whaledent) and reciprocating motion (Reciproc R25 (VDW)). A 4‐point pain scale was used to assess postoperative pain frequencies, which were compared at different intervals using the Chi‐square test. Postoperative pain risk factors were determined using logistic regression analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the follow‐ups. Gender, pulp status, and radiographic radiolucency increased the risk of postoperative pain incidence. Postoperative pain likelihood in children with chronic apical periodontitis was 8.72 times that of children with necrotic pulps. Postoperative pain after instrumentation with both kinematics was comparable. Postoperative pain incidence is increased by preoperative pulp condition, radiographic radiolucency, and gender.
Controlling nutritional status score in predicting International Society of Urological Pathology score upgrading and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Arslan Burak , Ekinci Suat , Avci Mustafa Asım , Ozalevli Mehmet , Bulut Berk , Kecebas Arif Burak , Kinik Abdullah Harun , Kardas Sina , Gonultas Serkan , Ozdemir Enver 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of our study was to assess the predictive value of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score for the prognosis of prostate cancer.MethodsA total of 257 patients’ characteristics, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values, biopsy, and pathological specimen features were all recorded. The CONUT score was calculated for each patient from three blood parameters: total lymphocyte count (TLC), serum albumin, and cholesterol concentrations. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the total CONUT score and the variables including age, body mass index, prostate volume, PSA, biopsy and pathological specimen features, and PSA‐recurrence free survival (PSA‐RFS) time. The Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test were used for PSA‐RFS analysis. Regression analyses were performed to assess the association between clinicopathological factors, the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) upgrading, and biochemical recurrence (BCR).ResultsStatistically significant differences were determined in pathologic ISUP grade, and total tumor volume between low and high CONUT score groups. Additionally, the high CONUT score group had a significantly higher BCR rate and lower PSA‐RFS when compared with the low CONUT score group. A strong positive correlation between total CONUT score and pathologic ISUP grade and a moderate negative correlation between total CONUT score and PSA‐RFS was determined. In multivariate analysis, a total CONUT score ≥2 had a statistically significant association with ISUP upgrading (odds ratio [OR] = 3.05) and BCR (3.52).ConclusionPreoperative CONUT score is an independent predictive factor for ISUP score upgrading and BCR in patients who undergo radical prostatectomy.
Redefining radiocarpal fracture‐dislocations with injury specific management and a clinical classification system: a retrospective review
Authors: Bamal Rahul , Bindra Randy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnlike articular shear fractures of the distal radius, radiocarpal fracture‐dislocations defined as complete dislocation of the lunate from its articular facet of the radius are relatively uncommon. The management principles of these fractures have not been defined and there is no consensus on approach to management of these injuries. The aim of this study is to review our series of radiocarpal fracture‐dislocations and propose a radiographic classification to guide surgical management.MethodsThis study is reported based on STROBE guidelines. A total of 12 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation. All the fracture‐dislocations were dorsal and satisfactory objective outcomes achieved were comparable to literature. Injury morphology‐specific management approach was used based on the size of dorsal lip fragment and the volar teardrop fragment attached to the short radiolunate ligament assessed by preoperative CT scans.ResultsAll patients with known outcome (n = 10) went on to resume their prior occupation and hobbies that included high‐demand activities and manual labour at mean follow‐up of 27 weeks. Average wrist flexion was 43° and wrist extension was 41° while radial and ulnar deviation were 14° and 18° respectively. Average forearm pronation was 76° and supination was 64° at final follow‐up.ConclusionWe describe four injury patterns of radiocarpal fracture‐dislocations based on preoperative CT scans that guide fixation. We believe that early recognition of radiocarpal fracture‐dislocations and appropriate management can yield satisfactory outcomes.
No impact of parental singing during the neonatal period on cognition in preterm‐born children at 2–3 years
Authors: Kostilainen Kaisamari , Hugoson Pernilla , Haavisto Anu , Partanen Eino , Mikkola Kaija , Huotilainen Minna , Pakarinen Satu , Furmark Catarina , Ådén Ulrika , Fellman Vineta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimStudies examining the long‐term effects of neonatal music interventions on the cognition of children born preterm are scarce. We investigated whether a parental singing intervention before term age improves cognitive and language skills in preterm‐born children.MethodsIn this longitudinal, two‐country Singing Kangaroo, randomised controlled trial, 74 preterm infants were allocated to a singing intervention or control group. A certified music therapist supported parents of 48 infants in the intervention group to sing or hum during daily skin‐to‐skin care (Kangaroo care) from neonatal care until term age. Parents of 26 infants in the control group conducted standard Kangaroo care. At 2–3 years of corrected age, the cognitive and language skills were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.ResultsThere were no significant differences in cognitive and language skills between the intervention and control groups at the follow‐up. No associations between the amount of singing and the cognitive and language scores were found.ConclusionParental singing intervention during the neonatal period, previously shown to have some beneficial short‐term effects on auditory cortical response in preterm infants at term age, showed no significant long‐term effects on cognition or language at 2–3 years of corrected age.
What is hidden in the luggage? First assessments of illegal seashells gathering inSardinia (Italy)
Authors: Coppa Stefania , Camedda Andrea , Massaro Giorgio , Vencato Sara , Murru Franco , Pinna Maria Tiziana , Urrai Davide , Casula Antonio , Riccitelli Maurizio , de Lucia Giuseppe Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNatural souvenirs collection has been identified as a driving force in biodiversity and habitat degradation of tropical marine ecosystems. This work considers this phenomenon in the Mediterranean region taking Sardinia (Italy), one of the most renowned tourism destinations, as a case study. The biological material seized at Cagliari‐Elmas Airport (years 2019–2020: 138 kg) was analyzed: 199 taxa were identified, gastropods (112 species, 7866 pieces) and bivalves (63 species, 34,218 pieces) resulted the most represented classes. Twenty‐two protected species were found in the tourists' luggage includingPatella ferrugineaandPinna nobilis, the invertebrates most threatened with extinction in the Mediterranean Sea. This study demonstrates that the illegal collection of natural mementos is common in Sardinia, thus its relevance is not limited to tropical regions. Regulation, enforcement and compliance shortcomings emerged, highlighting the importance of strengthening stakeholders' collaboration for a deeper insight on this phenomenon and implementing effective conservation strategies.
Simultaneous heart‐kidney transplant in patients with borderline estimated glomerular filtration rate without dialysis dependency
Authors: Chen Qiudong , Malas Jad , Gianaris Kevin , Esmailian Gabriel , Emerson Dominic , Megna Dominick , Catarino Pedro , Czer Lawrence , Bowdish Michael E. , Chikwe Joanna , Patel Jignesh , Kobashigawa Jon , Esmailian Fardad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate patient selection for simultaneous heart‐kidney transplantation (sHK) in patients with moderate renal dysfunction remains challenging.MethodsFrom the United Network for Organ Sharing database (2003–2020), we identified 5678 adults with an estimated pre‐transplant glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30 and 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and no pre‐transplant dialysis. Patients undergoing sHK (n = 293) were compared with those undergoing heart transplantation alone (n = 5385) using 1:3 propensity score matching.ResultsThe sHK utilization rate increased from 1.8% in 2003 to 12.2% in 2020 (p < .001). After matching, 1 and 5‐year survival was 87.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.3–91.0) and 80.0% (95% CI 74.2–84.6) after sHK, and 87.3% (95% CI 85.2–89.1) and 71.8% (95% CI 68.4–74.9) after heart transplant alone (p = .04). In the subgroup analysis, sHK was associated with a 5‐year survival benefit only in patients with 30 < eGFR ≤ 35 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = .05) but not in those with 35 < eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = .45). Patients who underwent heart transplants alone also had a higher incidence of becoming chronic dialysis‐dependent after transplant within 5‐year follow‐up (10.2%, 95% CI 8.0–12.6 vs. 3.8%, 95% CI 1.7–7.1, p = .004). The 5‐year incidence of subsequent kidney waitlisting and transplants after heart transplants alone was 5.6% and 1.9%, respectively.ConclusionAmong propensity‐matched patients without pre‐transplant dialysis, compared to heart transplants alone, sHK had improved 5‐year survival in those with 30 < eGFR ≤ 35 but not in those with 35 < eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. One‐year survival was similar irrespective of eGFR. Receiving a kidney after a heart transplant alone is rare under the current allocation system.
Invisible hurdles: Gender and institutional differences in the evaluation of economics papers
Authors: Ersoy Fulya Y. , Pate Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow might the visibility of an author's name and/or institutional affiliation allow bias to enter the evaluation of economics papers? We ask highly qualified journal editors to review abstracts of solo‐authored papers which differ along the dimensions of gender and institution of the author. We exogenously vary whether editors observe the name and/or institution of the author. We identify positive name visibility effects for female economists and positive institution visibility effects for economists at the top institutions. Our results suggest that male economists at top institutions benefit the most from non‐blind evaluations, followed by female economists (regardless of their institution).
Developing the genotype‐to‐phenotype relationship in evolutionary theory: A primer of developmental features
Authors: Snell‐Rood Emilie C. , Ehlman Sean M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor decades, there have been repeated calls for more integration across evolutionary and developmental biology. However, critiques in the literature and recent funding initiatives suggest this integration remains incomplete. We suggest one way forward is to consider how we elaborate the most basic concept of development, the relationship between genotype and phenotype, in traditional models of evolutionary processes. For some questions, when more complex features of development are accounted for, predictions of evolutionary processes shift. We present a primer on concepts of development to clarify confusion in the literature and fuel new questions and approaches. The basic features of development involve expanding a base model of genotype‐to‐phenotype to include the genome, space, and time. A layer of complexity is added by incorporating developmental systems, including signal‐response systems and networks of interactions. The developmental emergence of function, which captures developmental feedbacks and phenotypic performance, offers further model elaborations that explicitly link fitness with developmental systems. Finally, developmental features such as plasticity and developmental niche construction conceptualize the link between a developing phenotype and the external environment, allowing for a fuller inclusion of ecology in evolutionary models. Incorporating aspects of developmental complexity into evolutionary models also accommodates a more pluralistic focus on the causal importance of developmental systems, individual organisms, or agents in generating evolutionary patterns. Thus, by laying out existing concepts of development, and considering how they are used across different fields, we can gain clarity in existing debates around the extended evolutionary synthesis and pursue new directions in evolutionary developmental biology. Finally, we consider how nesting developmental features in traditional models of evolution can highlight areas of evolutionary biology that need more theoretical attention.
Biodiversity mitigates trade‐offs among species functional traits underpinning multiple ecosystem services
Authors: Waldén Emelie , Queiroz Cibele , Plue Jan , Lindborg Regina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiodiversity loss and its effects on humanity is of major global concern. While a growing body of literature confirms positive relationships between biodiversity and multiple ecological functions, the links between biodiversity, ecological functions and multiple ecosystem services is yet unclear. Studies of biodiversity–functionality relationships are mainly based on computer simulations or controlled field experiments using only few species. Here, we use a trait‐based approach to integrate plant functions into an ecosystem service assessment to address impacts of restoration on species‐rich grasslands over time. We found trade‐offs among functions and services when analysing contributions from individual species. At the community level, these trade‐offs disappeared for almost all services with time since restoration as an effect of increased species diversity and more evenly distributed species. Restoration to enhance biodiversity also in species‐rich communities is therefore essential to secure higher functional redundancy towards disturbances and sustainable provision of multiple ecosystem services over time.
The business of biodiversity – What is needed for biodiversity markets to work
Authors: Lindenmayer David , Scheele Ben C. , Young Michelle , Vardon Michael 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThere has been considerable discussion in Australia about market‐based initiatives with the potential to bring effective incentives and greater investment for farmers and other land managers to promote biodiversity conservation. These initiatives include biodiversity trading markets (also termed the nature repair market), stewardship schemes, certification programmes, sustainability frameworks, and natural capital accounting. We welcome these discussions and believe these initiatives would be true advances if they bring much greater investment in conservation and stronger protection and recovery of biodiversity. However, we also have major concerns about the integrity and scientific credibility of some of these initiatives. In this article, we discuss why it is critical that such initiatives both carefully define biodiversity and determine what elements of biodiversity are to be targeted in conservation efforts. We also discuss the fundamental importance of appropriate and agreed biodiversity metrics, as well as the critical need for rigorous, well designed and independent biodiversity monitoring. To ensure that initiatives like biodiversity trading markets, stewardship schemes, certification programmes, sustainability frameworks and natural capital accounting are rigorous, non‐corruptible and actually deliver what they are intended to do, they will need to be underpinned by appropriate programme designs. This includes robust and transparent governance structures, high‐quality monitoring and timely reporting of key metrics.
Toward Gender Justice
Authors: Nadar Sarojini , Ueti Paulo , Jodamus Johnathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article reflects on our experiences of facilitating the Bible studies for the Just Community of Women and Men pre‐assembly gathering to the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches in August–September 2022. Working with the text of Acts 8:26‐40, commonly known as the baptism of an Ethiopian eunuch, the article reflects critically on our own facilitation as well as participant feedback from the workshop. It begins with a description of how the Bible studies were planned and developed, based on an adaptation of the contextual Bible study method. Thereafter, it reflects on how participants brought three aspects of the eunuch's identity – gender, race, and religion – to bear on the multiple and intersecting challenges faith communities experience in their various local contexts. The participants’ insights and the facilitation of the Bible study revealed the ongoing importance of embodied and lived experiences in the process of biblical interpretation. This article contributes to the ongoing reflections on the pedagogical and transformative underpinnings of contextual Bible study as a method of faith engagement in diverse ecumenical contexts.
Greeting of Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches
Authors: I Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis is the text of the greetings of His All‐Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches, meeting in Karlsruhe, Germany, from 31 August to 8 September 2022.