bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac rehabilitation for outpatients aged over 80 years with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Someya Ryoko , Matsuzawa Yasushi , Shimizu Yoshitaka , Nakahashi Hidefumi , Konishi Masaaki , Akiyama Eiichi , Hanajima Yohei , Kondo Hisaya , Yoshii Tomohiro , Sato Ryosuke , Hayashi Kazuko , Okada Kozo , Sugano Teruyasu , Hibi Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn 2023, Japan had the highest proportion of the elderly in the world, with one in 10 individuals aged ≥80 years. Consequently, the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases is increasing. Older patients often have comorbidities such as frailty, sarcopenia, and cognitive decline that leads to a decreased quality of life (QOL). We analyzed the effects of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR) in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease.MethodsThe comprehensive OCR had been provided by a multidisciplinary team. We analyzed data from 49 patients with cardiovascular diseases, aged ≥80 years, who received cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) tests based OCR. Frailty, physical function, QOL, exercise tolerance, and vascular endothelial function were assessed before and after OCR.ResultsAll 49 patients had completed the OCR program. The mean patients’ age was 84.1 ± 3.6 years and 32.7% were male. The proportion of frailty and pre-frailty participants significantly decreased from 92% to 67% following OCR. The QOL (KCCQ: 76.8 ± 18.4 vs. 81.4 ± 20.4; P = 0.0196), exercise tolerance (peak VO₂: 14.1 ± 4.0 vs. 15.4 ± 3.9 mL/min/kg; P = 0.0017), and vascular endothelial function (Ln-RHI: 0.48 ± 0.39 vs. 0.57 ± 0.3; P = 0.027) significantly improved after OCR.ConclusionsThe comprehensive OCR with CPX-based exercise therapy and the multidisciplinary approach significantly improved frailty, the QOL, physical function, exercise tolerance, and vascular endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular diseases aged ≥80 years.
Kinase interplay centered on two regulatory elements confines the checkpoint protein Lte1 to the bud cell cortical compartment
Authors: Geymonat Marco , Peng Qiuran , Chen Hanlu , Parmar Sneha , Mott Helen , Owen Darerca , Segal Marisa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn budding yeast, Lte1, a component of the spindle position checkpoint, must be confined to the bud for correctly coupling chromosomal segregation across the bud neck with mitotic exit. Bud compartmentalization involves a phospho-dependent program with Ras-GTP acting as the ultimate cortical anchor. Here we have dissected this program by identifying an Lte1 domain participating in Ras binding and two phospho-regulatory motifs, the N- and C-LREs (Lte1 Regulatory Elements). The C-LRE mediates control of Lte1 cortical recruitment by the p21-activated kinase, Cla4. The N-LRE modulates Lte1 binding to Ras more directly and is phosphorylated by the yeast MARK/PAR-1 protein kinases, Kin1/2. Along with previously described CDK phosphorylation sites, the N- and C-LREs were required for Lte1 localization and timely mitotic exit. These studies uncover the coordinated interplay between multiple protein kinases allowing Lte1 to integrate cell polarity and cell cycle cues for strict compartmentalization at the bud cell cortex.
Genomic Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a New England Hospital System, 2024
Authors: LaVerriere Emily , Behar Sasha , Sher-Jan Cole , Liang Yan Mei , Sagar Manish , Connor John H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main seasonal respiratory pathogens in the United States and causes up to 240,000 hospitalizations per year among children under five and adults over 60. RSV is classified into two subtypes, RSV-A and RSV-B. Although several RSV vaccines and a preventative monoclonal antibody, nirsevimab, were recently approved by the FDA, vaccination and prevention measures remain low even among age groups at higher risk for hospitalization. To better understand the epidemiology of RSV, we analyzed RSV-positive nasopharyngeal swabs from Boston Medical Center and its satellite clinics from January to June 2024 using amplicon-based whole-genome sequencing. Of the 59 samples collected, 19 were from children under five years of age, and 17 were from adults over the age of 60. Fifty-four samples sequenced successfully, with over 90% of the genome at a minimum of 20-fold coverage.We found that over 80% of the samples were RSV-B; 48 RSV-B samples and 6 RSV-A samples. This represents a major switch from 2022, when Boston RSV samples were ~90% RSV-A. 45 of 48 RSV-B samples mapped into a single clade (B.D.E.1). These samples do not cluster to a single source within the B.D.E.1 clade, suggesting that the predominance of RSV-B is multifactorial, not the selective expansion of a single variant. We also found examples of identical/highly related genomes among our samples, suggesting clustered transmission. One infant had documented nirsevimab therapy forty days prior to RSV isolation. None of the adults had documented RSV vaccination, and mutations associated with nirsevimab resistance or vaccine escape were not observed. Our work highlights the importance of genomic surveillance for respiratory pathogens as a means to monitor transmission dynamics, such as the unexpected switch from RSV-A to RSV-B subtype dominance, to identify examples of superspreading events, and to understand the epidemiological changes that may be associated with nirsevimab and RSV vaccines.
Integrating Nowcasts into an Ensemble of Data-Driven Forecasting Models for SARI Hospitalizations in Germany
Authors: Wolffram Daniel , Bracher Johannes ,   The RESPINOW Study Group, Schienle Melanie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPredictive epidemic modeling can enhance situational awareness during emerging and seasonal outbreaks and has received increasing interest in recent years. A common distinction is between nowcasting, which corrects recent incidence data for reporting delays, and forecasting, which predicts future trends. This paper presents an integrated system for nowcasting and multi-model short-term forecasting of hospitalizations from severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Germany (November 2023–September 2024). We propose a modular approach combining a statistical nowcasting model with various data-driven forecasting methods, including a time series model, a gradient boosting approach, and a neural network. These are combined into an ensemble approach, which achieves the best average performance. The resulting forecasts are overall well-calibrated up to four weeks ahead, but struggled to capture the unusual double peak which occurred during the test season. While the presented analysis is retrospective, it serves as a blueprint for a collaborative real-time forecasting platform for respiratory diseases in Germany (theRESPINOW Hub). We conclude with an outlook on this system, which was launched in the fall of 2024 and covers a broader range of data sources and modeling approaches.
A novel decision modeling framework for health policy analyses when outcomes are influenced by social and disease processes
Authors: Cusick Marika M. , Alarid-Escudero Fernando , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Rose Sherri 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeHealth policy simulation models incorporate disease processes but often ignore social processes that influence health outcomes, potentially leading to suboptimal policy recommendations. To address this gap, we developed a novel decision-analytic modeling framework to integrate social processes.MethodsWe evaluated a simplified decision problem using two models: a standard decision-analytic model and a model incorporating our social factors framework. The standard model simulated individuals transitioning through three disease natural history states–healthy, sick, and dead–without accounting for differential health system utilization. Our social factors framework incorporated heterogeneous health insurance coverage, which influenced disease progression and health system utilization. We assessed the impact of a new treatment on a cohort of 100,000 healthy, non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic white 40-year-old adults. Main outcomes included life expectancy, cumulative incidence and duration of sickness, and health system utilization over the lifetime. Secondary outcomes included costs, quality-adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.ResultsIn the standard model, the new treatment increased life expectancy by 2.7 years for both non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic white adults, without affecting racial/ethnic gaps in life expectancy. However, incorporating known racial/ethnic disparities in health insurance coverage with the social factors framework led to smaller life expectancy gains for non-Hispanic Black adults (2.0 years) compared to non-Hispanic white adults (2.2 years), increasing racial/ethnic disparities in life expectancy.LimitationsThe availability of social factors and complexity of causal pathways between factors may pose challenges in applying our social factors framework.ConclusionsExcluding social processes from health policy modeling can result in unrealistic projections and biased policy recommendations. Incorporating a social factors framework enhances simulation models’ effectiveness in evaluating interventions with health equity implications.
Comparing AI- versus clinician-authored summaries of simulated primary care electronic health records
Authors: Shemtob Lara , Nouri Abdullah , Sullivan Adam , Qiu Connor S , Martin Jonathan , Martin Martha , Noden Sara , Rob Tanveer , Neves Ana Luisa , Majeed Azeem , Clarke Jonathan , Beaney Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Structured abstractObjectiveTo compare clinical summaries generated from simulated patient primary care electronic health records (EHRs) by ChatGPT-4 to summaries generated by clinicians on multiple domains of quality including utility, concision, accuracy and bias.Materials and MethodsSeven primary care physicians generated 70 simulated patient EHR notes, each representing 10 appointments with the practice over at least two years. Each record was summarised by a different clinician and by ChatGPT-4. AI- and clinician-authored summaries were rated blind by clinicians according to eight domains of quality and an overall rating.ResultsThe median time taken for a clinician to read through and assimilate the information in the EHRs before summarising, was seven minutes. Clinicians rated clinician-authored summaries higher than AI-authored summaries overall (7.39 versus 7.00 out of 10; p=0.02), but with greater variability in clinician-authored summary ratings. AI and clinician-authored summaries had similar accuracy and AI-authored summaries were less likely to omit important information and more likely to use patient-friendly language.DiscussionAlthough AI-authored summaries were rated slightly lower overall compared with clinician-authored summaries, they demonstrated similar accuracy and greater consistency. This demonstrates potential applications for generating summaries in primary care, particularly in the context of the substantial time taken for clinicians to undertake this work.ConclusionThe results suggest the feasibility, utility and acceptability of using AI-authored summaries to integrate into EHRs to support clinicians in primary care. AI summarisation tools have the potential to improve healthcare productivity, including by enabling clinicians to spend more time on direct patient care.
Epigenetic entropy, social disparity, and health and lifespan in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Mozhui Khyobeni , Starlard-Davenport Athena , Sun Yangbo , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Casanova Ramon , Thomas Fridtjof , Wallace Robert B , Fowke Jay H , Johnson Karen C 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe pace of aging varies between individuals and is marked by changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) including an increase in randomness or entropy. Here, we computed epigenetic scores of aging and entropy using DNAm datasets from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). We investigated how different epigenetic aging metrics relate to demographic and health variables, and mortality risk. Income and education, two proxies of socioeconomics (SE), had consistent associations with epigenetic aging and entropy. Notably, stochastic increases in DNAm at sites targeted by the polycomb proteins were significantly related to both aging and SE. While higher income was associated with reduced age-related DNAm changes in White women, the protective effect of income was diminished in Black and Hispanic women, and on average, Black and Hispanic women had relatively more aged epigenomes. Faster pace of aging, as estimated by the DunedinPACE, predicted higher mortality risk, while the maintenance of methylation at enhancer regions was associated with improved survival. Our findings demonstrate close ties between social and economic factors and aspects of epigenetic aging, suggesting potential biological mechanisms through which societal disparities may contribute to differences in health outcomes and lifespan across demographic groups.
EEG responses to auditory cues predict fluency variability and stuttering intervention outcome
Authors: Rocha Monica Filipa , Carmona Jaqueline , Correia João Mendonça 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStuttering is a variable speech disorder whose brain mechanisms remain unknown. Sensorimotor brain circuits, critical for motor-speech control, including auditory processing necessary for speech prediction and monitoring, have been linked to the disorder. Despite considerable advances, it remains unclear whether auditory circuits relate to stuttering variability, and whether the panoply of interventions for persons who stutter can lead to brain changes within these circuits. We employed electroencephalography (EEG), in a group of persons who stutter, in combination with auditory probes to tap onto the importance of auditory cortical regions in stuttering variability. Participantsproduced flexible speech (i.e., describing visual scenes) and non-flexible speech (i.e., reading syllables), following an auditory cue. More pronounced P200 auditory evoked potentials were observed in participants with higher dysfluency rates, mainly in the spontaneous speech task. Interestingly, speech therapy intervention led to a reduction of the P200 potential, which was in turn significantly related to fluency improvements. Furthermore, EEG response patterns discriminative of cue frequency (400 or 800 Hz tones) were also predictive of dysfluency scores. Our study highlights the involvement of auditory cortical processing and that of auditory attention in stuttering variability. We support that a higher state of auditory alertness may be implicated in the sensorimotor mechanisms of stuttering, and that speech therapy interventions promoting more self-confident communication can restraint auditory alertness, and potentially reduce speech dysfluencies.HighlightsAuditory probes can assess the auditory cortex in speech production and stuttering.Stuttering severity correlates to EEG auditory responses during speech preparation.Higher states of auditory alertness in stuttering may be reduced by speech therapy.Graphical abstractSpeaking requires orchestrating several brain processes at a time. The auditory system assumes a central role, not only in waiting for the right moment to initiate speech, listening to self-produced speech, predicting the consequence of future speech, but also adjusting these processes to the intermittent nature of stuttering.
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents in Nigeria since 2010: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ogunlade Samuel Busayo , Abioye Ajibola Ibraheem , Kuyebi Moshood Abiodun , Musa Jolaade , Abubakar Aminu Kende , Yisa Mohammed Nakodi , Olukorode Sarah Oreoluwa , Oyadiran Oluwafemi Temitayo , Okusanya Temitayo Rebecca , Olofin Daniel Oluwafemi , Igho-Osagie Ebuwa , Omotayo Moshood Olanrewaju , Adewuya Abiodun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric disorders significantly impact pediatric populations globally, affecting individual development, education and societal integration. In Nigeria, where nearly half of the population is under the age of 15, there remains a substantial gap in our understanding of the burden of these disorders within this demographic. This systematic review was conducted to quantify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Nigerian children and adolescents in clinical and community settings.MethodsWe identified and examined original research articles available in PUBMED/Medline, EMBASE, and AJOL from January 2010 to August 2024, and selected studies that evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents (<18 y) in Nigeria. We pooled the prevalence estimates across different study settings using random effects models We assessed the risk of bias using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool and the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE framework.ResultsThe meta-analysis included data from 27 studies with a total population of 47,451 participants. The best evidence of the prevalence was 12% for major depression (95% CI: 5.3, 25.0; I2= 99.5%; seven studies; 14,534 children and adolescents; very low certainty), and 9.2% for generalized anxiety disorder (95% CI: 4.5, 17.9; I2= 95.9%; five studies among 2,395 individuals; very low certainty). Meta-regression indicated that the prevalence of major depression was related to age among children (p-heterogeneity = 0.0004). The pooled prevalence of ADHD among primary school pupils was 2.8% (95% CI: 2.0, 3.8%; I² = 0%; two studies; 1,374 individuals). Overall, the pooled prevalence estimates of psychiatric disorders among Nigerian pediatric populations indicated considerable heterogeneity across most studies (I² > 75%). The most common psychiatric disorders across the different settings were major depression among children and adolescents attending primary care (prevalence = 7.6%; 95% CI: 1.0; 40.5; three studies; 1,278 individuals), separation anxiety disorder among primary school children (prevalence = 14%; 95% CI: 9.5, 19.6; one study; 200 pupils), and behavioral disorders among secondary school students (prevalence = 15.1%; 95% CI: 14.4, 15.8; one study; 9,450 adolescents).ConclusionThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Nigerian children and adolescents is substantial, underscoring the critical need for enhanced mental health services.
Examining the associations between the food environment and dietary intake in British Columbia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Bill , Cohen Tamara R. , Sutherland Jason , Meza Rafael , Bhatti Parveen , Murphy Rachel A 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize neighbourhood food environments in British Columbia (BC) and to determine if food environment characteristics were associated with fruits and vegetables (FV) intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted using geospatial food environment (Can-FED) and neighbourhood environment measures from the BC Generations Project, a cohort of males and females aged 35-69. Food environment measures (chain grocery stores, fast food outlets, convenience stores, and two relative measures of food outlets) were categorized according to density: class 0 (no presence) to class 4 (highest density). Multivariable mixed-effect models adjusted for sociodemographics and neighbourhood characteristics were constructed to assess the associations between food environments and FV intakes as a continuous variable and as <5 or ≥ 5 servings of FV/day. Approximately 50% of participants lived in neighbourhoods without chain grocery stores, fast food outlets or convenience stores within walking distance. An inverse association between neighbourhoods with the highest density of fast-food restaurants and FV consumption was observed (Odds ratio (OR) =0.89, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98). Associations between chain grocery stores, convenience stores and FV consumption were attenuated with adjustment for neighbourhood characteristics: walkability, material and social deprivation. The findings suggest the presence of food deserts across urban areas in BC. Participants living in neighbourhoods with greater density of fast-food restaurants were less likely to consume ≥5 servings of FV per day. Further studies are needed to understand the lack of associations between other characteristics of the food environment and dietary intake.
Cell size regulation in bacteria: a tale of old regulators with new mechanisms
Authors: Khan Ezza , Mera Paola E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYProper function in a bacterial cell relies on intrinsic cell size regulation. The molecular mechanisms underlying how bacteria maintain their cell size remain unclear. The conserved regulator DnaA, the initiator of chromosome replication, is associated to size regulation by controlling the number of origins of replication (oriC) per cell. In this study, we identify and characterize a new mechanism in which DnaA modulates cell size independently oforiC-copy number. By altering the levels of DnaA without impacting chromosome replication, we demonstrate that DnaA’s activity as a transcription factor can slow down cell elongation rate resulting in cells that are ∼20% smaller. We identify the peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzyme MurD as a key player of cell size regulation inCaulobacter crescentusand in the evolutionarily distant bacteriumEscherichia coli. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights to the complex regulation of cell size in bacteria.
An updated catalogue of split-GAL4 driver lines for descending neurons inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zung Jessica L. , Namiki Shigehiro , Meissner Geoffrey W. , Costa Marta , Eichler Katharina , Stürner Tomke , Jefferis Gregory S.X.E. , Managan Claire ,   FlyLight Project Team, Korff Wyatt , Card Gwyneth M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDescending neurons (DNs) occupy a key position in the sensorimotor hierarchy, conveying signals from the brain to the rest of the body below the neck. InDrosophila melanogasterflies, approximately 480 DN cell types have been described from electron-microscopy image datasets. Genetic access to these cell types is crucial for further investigation of their role in generating behaviour. We previously conducted the first large-scale survey ofDrosophila melanogasterDNs, describing 98 unique cell types from light microscopy and generating cell-type-specific split-Gal4 driver lines for 65 of them. Here, we extend our previous work, describing the morphology of 137 additional DN types from light microscopy, bringing the total number DN types identified in light microscopy datasets to 235, or nearly 50%. In addition, we produced 500 new sparse split-Gal4 driver lines and compiled a list of previously published DN lines from the literature for a combined list of 738 split-Gal4 driver lines targeting 171 DN types.