bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of trachoma in the non-indigenous Baixo Jaguaribe micro-region, Ceará State, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Maciel Adjoane Maurício Silva , Ramos Junior Alberto Novaes , Ferreira Anderson Fuentes , de Almeida Nádia Maria Girão Saraiva , de Almeida Paulo César , Szwarcwald Célia Landmann , Favacho Joana da Felicidade Ribeiro , Franco Filho Luciano Chaves , Gomes Vivian da Silva , Damasceno Lisandra Serra , Maciel Manuella Maurício Silva , Delerino Antônio Lucas , Pires Neto Roberto da Justa 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The aim of the current study was to estimate the population prevalence of trachoma in non-indigenous populations in the Baixo Jaguaribe micro-region, in the state of Ceará, northeast region of Brazil, 2021–2022.

Methods
A population-based prevalence survey focusing on detecting cases of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 1−9 y and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) ‘unknown to the health system’ in people aged ≥15 y, was conducted in rural areas of the Baixo Jaguaribe micro-region in the state of Ceará. Indigenous populations will be further researched.

Results
There was no detection of cases of TF and TT. In 900 households, 2234 people were examined. In the Baixo Jaguaribe micro-region, females (54.6%; 1219/2234) and the mixed/Pardo-Brazilian ethnicity (68.1%; 1521/2234) predominated. The most commonly reported educational level was elementary and middle school (41.8%; 702/1679). In 56.2% (506/900) of households, there was a source of water within the household. The monthly income range of 50%−100% of the minimum wage predominated in the families of the Baixo Jaguaribe micro-region (43.1%; 388/900).

Conclusions
Although no cases of TF and TT were detected in the Baixo Jaguaribe micro-region in the state of Ceará during the study period, considering the historical endemicity, we emphasise the need for monitoring and sustainability of surveillance actions in areas at risk for trachoma, common contexts for neglected populations.
The Social Protection Engel Curve
Authors: Lokshin Michael , Ravallion Martin , Torre Iván 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Why do richer countries spend a higher share of their income on social protection than poor countries? A newly assembled dataset on social protection spending for 142 countries since 1995 allows an exploration of alternate hypotheses, treating the pandemic period separately, as it entailed a large expansion in social protection efforts. While the mean income share devoted to social protection rises with income, this is attributable to multiple confounders, including relative prices, weak governance in low-income countries, and access to information-communication technologies. Controlling for these, social protection spending is similar between rich and poor countries. This was also true during the pandemic.
Multiorgan talks in the presence of brain injury
Authors: Farag Ehab , Machado Sandra , Argalious Maged 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The brain is the command center of the rest of the body organs. The normal multiorgan talks between the brain and the rest of the body organs are essential for the normal body homeostasis. In the presence of brain injury, the disturbed talks between the brain and the rest of body organs will result in several pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to present the most recent findings for the pathological conditions that would result from the impaired multiorgan talks in the presence of brain injury.

Recent findings
The brain injury such as in acute ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury will result in cascade of pathological talks between the brain and the rest of body organs. These pathological talks could result in pathological conditions such as cardiomyopathy, acute lung and kidney injuries, impaired liver functions, and impaired gut barrier permeability as well.

Summary
Better understanding of the pathological conditions that could result from the impaired multiorgan talks in the presence of brain injury will open the doors for precise targeted therapies in the future for myriad of pathological conditions.
Modulating anesthetic emergence with pathway-selective dopamine signaling
Authors: Vincent Kathleen F. , Solt Ken 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
To summarize the recent preclinical findings investigating dopaminergic circuits for their involvement in reversing anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.

Recent findings
The release of dopamine from the ventral tegmental area onto dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens promotes emergence following general anesthesia. Two relevant targets of dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens include the lateral hypothalamus and ventral pallidum. Activating mesocortical dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area to the prelimbic cortex has also been shown to hasten emergence from general anesthesia. In contrast, the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway is not involved in regulating anesthetic emergence. The role of the tuberoinfundibular endocrine dopamine pathway remains to be tested; however, recent studies have identified an important function of neuroendocrine signaling on modulating general anesthesia.

Summary
Potential avenues for accelerating anesthetic emergence may be found through targeting specific arousal-promoting pathways in the brain. Accumulating evidence from rodent studies manipulating cell type- and circuit-specific signaling pathways have identified dopamine as a potent modulator of general anesthesia. Specifically, dopamine signaling along the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways plays a fundamental role in regulating consciousness.
Management strategies for patients with neurologic stimulators during nonneurologic surgery: an update and review
Authors: Morano Jacqueline M. , Uejima Jamie L. , Tung Avery , Rosenow Joshua M. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The goal of this review is to summarize the perioperative management of noncardiac implanted electrical devices (NCIEDs) and update the anesthesiologist on current recommendations for management when a NCIED is encountered during a nonneurosurgical procedure.

Recent findings
Indications for NCIEDs continue to expand, and increasing numbers of patients with NCIEDs are presenting for nonneurosurgical procedures. Recent case reports demonstrate that NCIEDs may meaningfully affect perioperative management including use of electrocautery and neuromonitoring. This review highlights the importance of evaluating NCIED function (including lead impedance) prior to surgery, provides an update on the MRI compatibility and safety of these devices, and reviews the management of patients with altered respiratory drive because of vagal nerve stimulators.

Summary
As the prevalence of NCIEDs in patients presenting for surgery increases, anesthesiologists will likely encounter these devices more frequently. To provide a well tolerated anesthetic, anesthesiologists should recognize the concerns associated with NCIEDs and how best to address them perioperatively.
Making chronic pain count: empirical support for the ICD-11 classification of chronic pain
Authors: Barke Antonia , Korwisi Beatrice 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose is to review the evidence that has been collected with regard to the new classification of chronic pain. In 2022, the World Health Assembly endorsed the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11), and with it a new classification of chronic pain.

Recent findings
The evidence from the formative field testing indicated that the categories were clearly delineated and the coverage of chronic pain excellent (<3% in remainder categories). Official WHO field tests showed that the classification works well within the technical parameters WHO classifications must conform to and outperformed the ICD-10 diagnoses in all respects. International field tests, in which clinicians diagnosed consecutive patients in settings of medium and high resources, showed substantial interrater reliability (κ = 0.596 to κ = 0.783) for the diagnoses and the clinicians rated their clinical utility as very high. Studies using complete hospital records demonstrated that with the information they contain, retrospective coding of the new diagnoses is possible and provides much more meaningful information than the ICD-10 diagnoses.

Summary
The evidence supports the use of the new classification and highlights its informational gains – using it will contribute to making chronic pain count in many contexts.
Prognostic models for chronic postsurgical pain-Current developments, trends, and challenges
Authors: Segelcke Daniel , Rosenberger Daniela C. , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther M. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Prognostic models for chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) aim to predict the likelihood for development and severity of CPSP in individual patients undergoing surgical procedures. Such models might provide valuable information for healthcare providers, allowing them to identify patients at higher risk and implement targeted interventions to prevent or manage CPSP effectively. This review discusses the latest developments of prognostic models for CPSP, their challenges, limitations, and future directions.

Recent findings
Numerous studies have been conducted aiming to develop prognostic models for CPSP using various perioperative factors. These include patient-related factors like demographic variables, preexisting pain conditions, psychosocial aspects, procedure-specific characteristics, perioperative analgesic strategies, postoperative complications and, as indicated most recently, biomarkers. Model generation, however, varies and performance and accuracy differ between prognostic models for several reasons and validation of models is rather scarce.

Summary
Precise methodology of prognostic model development needs advancements in the field of CPSP. Development of more accurate, validated and refined models in large-scale cohorts is needed to improve reliability and applicability in clinical practice and validation studies are necessary to further refine and improve the performance of prognostic models for CPSP.
Update on bi-specific monoclonal antibodies for blood cancers
Authors: Shouse Geoffrey 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to present updates in the field of bispecific antibodies focusing on those agents that have been recently approved for multiple myeloma, follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Recent findings
Teclistamab, the β-cell maturation antigen -targeted bispecific antibody has shown efficacy and tolerability in the fourth line setting for multiple myeloma. Mosunetuzumab, the CD20-targeted bispecific antibody has shown excellent response rates and durability in third line and beyond follicular lymphoma. Epcoritamab and glofitamab have both shown excellent response rates in heavily pretreated patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma including those with prior chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. The toxicity is significant but manageable for both agents. Epcoritamab is approved by the FDA in the United States, while glofitamab is approved for use in Canada for patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma refractory to 2 or more prior lines of therapy.

Summary
Bispecific antibodies represent a novel therapeutic resource that is poised to dramatically change the treatment landscape of many hematologic malignancies, but so far, initial successes include multiple myeloma, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma, where several agents have been recently approved.
Do Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms Moderate Medication Response in Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? A DBPNet Study
Authors: Blum Nathan J. , Shults Justine , Barbaresi William , Bax Ami , Cacia Jaclyn , Deavenport-Saman Alexis , Friedman Sandra , Loe Irene M. , Mittal Shruti , Vanderbilt Douglas , LaRosa Angela , Harstad Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine whether parent ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity or externalizing symptoms (EXT) or internalizing symptoms (INT) moderate response to stimulants (STIM) and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (A2As) in preschool ADHD.

Methods:
Health records for children treated with medication for ADHD and with parent rating scale data available (N = 309; age <72 months) were reviewed at 7 Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Research Network sites. Severity of ADHD was defined as the number of ADHD symptoms occurring often or very often on DSM-IV–based parent rating scales. EXT or INT from standardized rating scales were categorized as T score <60, 60 to <70, or ≥70. Ordinal logistic regression models predicting response to medication were calculated.

Results:
The median (interquartile range) age at ADHD diagnosis was 59 (54–65) months. One hundred eighty-three participants had ADHD symptom severity, and 195 had EXT or INT data. ADHD severity was not associated with medication response. Both EXT and INT were associated with medication response but with significant medication class by EXT/INT interactions. Children with higher EXT were less likely to respond to STIM, with percentage of nonresponders for T-score categories <60, 60 to <70, and ≥70 being 3.6%, 25.7%, and 33.3% (p = 0.016) and, for A2As, being 60%, 50%, and 33.3% (p = 0.55), respectively. A similar pattern was observed for INT categories: STIM 19.4%, 22.5%, and 50.0% (p = 0.002) and A2As 42.3%, 30%, and 42.3% (p = 0.48), respectively.

Conclusion:
For preschool ADHD, low ratings of EXT or INT are associated with a high likelihood of response to STIM. By contrast, response rates to STIM and A2As are more similar for children with high levels of EXT or INT.
A phase 1/2, open-label, parallel group study to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and usability DARE-HRT1 (80 μg estradiol/4 mg progesterone and 160 μg estradiol/8 mg progesterone intravaginal RinGSM) over 12 weeks in healthy postmenopausal women
Authors: Thurman Andrea , Hull M. Louise , Stuckey Bronwyn , Hatheway Jessica , Zack Nadene , Mauck Christine , Friend David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The exploratory objectives of this study were to evaluate the usability and acceptability and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of DARE-HRT1. DARE-HRT1 is an intravaginal ring (IVR) that releases 17β2-estradiol (E2) with progesterone (P4) over 28 days. It is the first combination E2 and P4 IVR being developed for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in healthy postmenopausal women with an intact uterus.

Methods
This was a randomized, open-label, 2-arm, parallel group study in 21 healthy postmenopausal women. Women were randomized (1:1) to either DARE-HRT1 IVR1 (E2 80 μg/d with P4 4 mg/d) or DARE-HRT1 IVR2 (E2 160 μg/d with P4 8 mg/d). They used the assigned IVR for three 28-day cycles, inserting a new IVR monthly. Preliminary genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) treatment efficacy was estimated by measuring changes from baseline in vaginal pH, vaginal maturation index (VMI), and changes in the severity of GSM symptoms. Preliminary systemic VMS efficacy was measured by changes in responses to the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. Acceptability was assessed by product experience surveys.

Results
Preliminary local GSM treatment efficacy was supported by significant decreases in vaginal pH and % parabasal cells, and significant increases in the overall VMI and % superficial cells for both IVR groups (all P values <0.01). Preliminary VMS efficacy was supported by significant decreases in all domains of the MENQOL questionnaire from baseline for both dosing groups (all P values <0.01).

Conclusions
Data from this study support further development of DARE-HRT1 for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
Effective VTE prophylaxis with enoxaparin after elective THR or TKR: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Nóbrega Catelas Diogo , Cordeiro Filipa , Loureiro Luís , Vilaça Adélio , Silva Ivone 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Orthopedic patients are at the highest risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Nowadays, with VTE prophylaxis as a routine in patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR), fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) is rare and the rates of symptomatic VTE within 3 months dropped to 1.3%–10%, compared with the rates of 50%–70% before VTE prophylaxis implementation. In this study, we aim to evaluate the VTE prophylaxis and incidence in patients who underwent THR and TKR in Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António (CHUdSA).

Methods:
We included 483 patients who underwent elective THR or TKR in CHUdSA from March 2019 to February 2020 and who were under enoxaparin as a VTE prophylaxis drug. All data related to prescribed enoxaparin were collected from the nationwide common electronic drug prescription system (PEM).

Results:
Of the 483 eligible patients, 192 (39.75%) underwent elective THR and 291 (60.25%) underwent TKR. Enoxaparin was prescribed for 31.86 ± 5.98 and 30.28 ± 5.97 days, on average, for the THR and TKR groups, respectively (P = .005). Patients completed, on average, 29.38 ± 8.12 days and 28.20 ± 7.32 days of VTE prophylaxis with enoxaparin in the THR and TKR groups, respectively (P = .098). The incidence of VTE was approximately 3.13% and 0.69% in the THR and TKR groups, respectively (P = .064).

Conclusion:
In CHUdSA, we usually prescribe enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for up to 35 days for VTE prophylaxis after THR or TKR. High therapeutic compliance rates resulted in very few events.
Scoping Review of Measures of Comorbidities in Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Jihyang , Oh Oonjee , Park Da-In , Nam Gyumi , Lee Kyoung Suk 
Published: August 2023

Background
Comorbidities are risk factors for poor clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, no consensus has been reached on how to assess comorbidities related to clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.

Objective
The aims of this study were to review (1) how comorbidities have been assessed, (2) what chronic conditions have been identified as comorbidities and (3) the rationale for choosing the comorbidity instruments and/or specific comorbidities when exploring clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.

Methods
The clinical outcomes of interest were mortality, hospitalization, quality of life, and self-care. Three electronic databases and reference list searches were used in the search.

Results
In this review, we included 39 articles using 3 different ways to assess comorbidities in the relationship with clinical outcomes: using an instrument (ie, Charlson Comorbidity Index), disease count, and including individual comorbidities. A total of 90 comorbidities were investigated in the 39 articles; however, definitions and labels for the diseases were inconsistent across the studies. More than half of the studies (n = 22) did not provide a rationale for selecting the comorbidity instruments and/or all of the specific comorbidities. Some of the rationale for choosing the instruments and/or specific comorbidities was inappropriate.

Conclusions
We found several issues related to measuring comorbidities when examining clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. Researchers need to consider these methodological issues when measuring comorbidities in patients with heart failure. Further efforts are needed to develop guidelines on how to choose proper measures for comorbidities.
The Influence of Caregiver Contribution to Self-care on Symptom Burden in Patients With Heart Failure and the Mediating Role of Patient Self-care
Authors: Locatelli Giulia , Iovino Paolo , Jurgens Corrine Y. , Alvaro Rosaria , Uchmanowicz Izabella , Rasero Laura , Riegel Barbara , Vellone Ercole 
Published: August 2023

Background
Patients with heart failure experience high symptom burden, which can be mitigated with adequate self-care. Caregiver contribution to self-care has been theorized to improve patient symptom burden. The mediating role of patient self-care in this relationship has not been tested yet.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to test whether (a) caregiver contribution to self-care influences patient self-care, (b) patient self-care influences symptom burden, and (c) patient self-care mediates the relationship between caregiver contribution to self-care and symptom burden.

Methods
In this study, the authors conducted a secondary analysis of the baseline and 3-month data from the MOTIVATE-HF trial, which enrolled 510 dyads (patient with heart failure and caregiver) in Italy. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to test measurement invariance. Autoregressive longitudinal path analysis with contemporaneous mediation was used to test our hypotheses.

Results
On average, caregivers were 54 years old and mainly female, whereas patients were 72.4 years old and mainly male. Better caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance was associated with better patient self-care maintenance (β = 0.280, P < .001), which, in turn, was associated with lower symptom burden (β = −0.280, P < .001). Patient self-care maintenance mediated the effect of caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance on symptom burden (β = −0.079; 95% bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence interval, −0.130 to −0.043). Better caregiver contribution to self-care management was associated with better patient self-care management (β = 0.238, P = .006). The model significantly accounted for 37% of the total variance in symptom burden scores (P < .001).

Conclusions
This study expands the situation-specific theory of caregiver contribution to heart failure self-care and provides new evidence on the role of caregiver contribution to self-care and patient self-care on symptom burden in heart failure.
Hearing Rehabilitation in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 2: The Quebec's Experience With Auditory Implants
Authors: Khneisser Edwina , Bussieres Richard , Côté Mathieu , Philippon Daniel , Fradet Gaétan , Côté Martin , Lessard Nathalie , Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Trudel Mathieu 
Published: August 2023

Objective
To review a single-center experience with hearing rehabilitation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and to describe the auditory outcomes of cochlear implants (CIs) and auditory brainstem implants (ABI) in this population.

Study design
Retrospective case series.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
Twelve adult patients with NF2 who received a CI (n = 10) and/or an ABI (n = 5) between 2000 and 2021.

Interventions
Insertion of a CI and/or an ABI in NF2 patients with bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs).

Main outcome measures
Patients' demographic data, treatment history, hearing evolution, hearing rehabilitation methods, implant details, and auditory outcomes after implantation.

Results
Among those who received a CI, five patients had a stable untreated VS, one patient underwent a cochlear nerve preserving surgery, and four patients received radiotherapy treatments. Six patients became regular users of their device. The median open-set sentence recognition scores were as follows: 0.5% preoperatively, 60% at 1 year postoperatively, and 80% on the most recent audiological evaluation. All patients with an ABI were implanted concomitantly with VS surgical excision, and three of them also received radiotherapy treatments. The median open-set sentence recognition scores were as follows: 4% preoperatively, 26% at 1 year postoperatively, and 0% on the most recent evaluation. Three patients became regular ABI users.

Conclusion
Despite major technological advances, auditory outcomes with ABIs remain deceiving. Considering the overall improvement in postoperative auditory performances provided by CIs compared with ABIs, cochlear implantation standouts as a primary mean of hearing rehabilitation in NF2 patients.