bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Biochemical and Morphological Constituents of Human Bone on Microdamage
Authors: Yeni Yener N. , Brown Christopher U. , Norman Timothy L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bone microdamage as a result of normal cyclic loading is believed to be a factor in cortical bone fractures. Evidence exists that an increase in the amount of microdamage results in a decrease in the ability of bone to resist fracture (Brown et al., 1996). Osteon morphological constituents including Haversian canals, cement lines, osteon size, and density have been proposed to play a role in microdamage initiation and propagation. Haversian canals were proposed to act as stress concentrators and therefore crack initiators whereas cement lines were believed to serve as crack arrestors (Burr et al., 1988; Wang and Norman, 1996).
The Effect of Ilio-Tibial Band Load on the Stress Distribution Pattern in a Human Femur With Hip Stem
Authors: Shareef Nazeer H. , Levine Danny L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A clear understanding of the strength, deformation characteristics and stress distribution pattern in human femur due to the joint and muscle forces will help in increasing the reliability of total hip replacement performance through improvement in design. Experimental as well as analytical techniques have been used by researchers (Rybicki et al. 1972, Wood et al. 1973, and Mcleish et al. 1973) to study the biomechanical behavior of the human femur.
Residual Strain Effects on the Stress Field in a Thick Finite Element Model of the Human Carotid Bifurcation
Authors: Delfino A. , Stergiopulos N. , Moore J. E. , Meister J.-J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A three-dimensional finite element model of the carotid artery bifurcation was constructed to determine the effects of prestrain on the stress field. The model takes into account the variation of the thickness along the bifurcation and the material is considered to be hyperelastic, incompressible, homogenous and isotropic. The results demonstrate that when prestrain is taken into account the distribution of principal stress along the inner wall and the circumferential stress throughout the wall is much more uniform than in a model without prestrain. The differences are most significant at the apex.
On the Nonlinear Bi-Directional Friction Properties of the Bone-Implant Interface
Authors: Hashemi A. , Shirazi-Adl A. , Dammak M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In cementless implants, the friction at the bone-implant interface plays an important role in the mechanical response of the system, particularly in the immediate post operative period when no bony ingrowth has yet occurred. Uni-directional friction properties at the interface between various porous- and smooth-surfaced metals and tibial cancellous bone have previously been measured [1,2]. In contrast to the idealized Coulomb’s friction law, nonlinear tangential load-displacement relations were found at the interface. These studies [1,2], however, treated the friction at the bone-implant interface only in one direction. In a 3-D contact situation, the articulating bodies undergo relative movements and develop shear forces in different directions on the common interface. The objectives of the current study are, therefore, set as: (a) to measure the nonlinear bi-directional friction properties of the porous coated metal-cancellous bone interface, and (b) to develop proper constitutive equations required to be implemented in the subsequent realistic finite element studies of knee joint cementless replacement systems.
Role of Facet Articulation in Mechanics of the Lumbar Spine: Significance of Facet Gap Distance
Authors: Shirazi-Adl A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Articulation between different bodies is a common phenomenon in the human musculoskeletal joints. Proper consideration of contact is of prime importance in biomechanical studies of such structures. An example is the facet joints that are known to play a significant role in spinal mechanics. While stiffening and stabilizing the spine, the facet joints degenerate and could be a source of the low-back pain. A number of experimental and numerical model studies have identified the load-bearing characteristics of the facet joints in lumbar motion segments under various loads. In this study, the mechanical role of facet joints in a model of the whole human lumbar spine is studied under different single and combined loads. This is done directly by computing the contact loads on facets in an intact lumbar spine or indirectly by removing the facet joints at a level and analysing the perturbed condition. In particular, the effect of facet gap distance on facet loads at different levels and on the lumbar mechanics is studied by altering the gap limit distance below which contact initiates. It is demonstrated that the interference gap distance between adjacent facets is of primary importance in the effectiveness of lumbar facet joints under different loads.
Contact Stresses in a Joint After Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Bonavito Nino L. , Gharpuray Vasanti M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hemiarthroplasty is an attractive alternative to total joint arthroplasty, and is used (in particular in the hip or the shoulder) when one side of the joint remains relatively healthy (Cofield, 1991, Chao et al., 1991). Its major advantages over total arthroplasty are that less foreign material is implanted into the body, and that less bone is removed from the joint. However, the procedure also has several drawbacks that are associated with the increase in contact stresses at the metal-cartilage interface and the resulting deterioration of the cartilage. Replacement of the bearing surface only, with a polymer component to reduce contact stresses introduces the problems of fatigue failure due to large cyclic stresses. It has been previously hypothesized that the use of a compliant coating with a metal backing would reduce contact stresses, and lower the high factional torque seen in an all-metal system (Feinberg and Fleming, 1987). However, the modulus mismatch between the metal backing and the coating may cause interfacial debonding induced by shear stresses.
A Testing Apparatus for Cervical Load Simulation of C1-C2 Transarticular Screw Fixation Techniques
Authors: DiAngelo Denis J. , Jansen Thomas H. , Eckstein Eugene C. , Dull Scott T. , Foley K. T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Transarticular screw fixation is an accepted surgical treatment for pathologic C1-C2 instability due to trauma, ligamentous laxity or degenerative disorders. A testing apparatus and protocol were developed to replicate the physiologic loading at the C1-C2 transarticular surfaces and evaluate different transarticular fixation techniques. The testing system’s utility was demonstrated through trials on two surgical screw types with equal length but different root diameters. The screws with the smaller root diameter (i.e., lesser mechanical integrity) required only a small number of cycles before breakage occurred by a bending fatigue mechanism but served adequately when used with a modified Brooks construct.
Mechanical and Dimensional Adaptation of Rabbit Carotid Artery Cultured In Vitro
Authors: Matsumoto Takeo , Okumura Eijiro , Miura Yuichiro , Sato Masaaki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hypertension causes various changes in the artery wall, both morphologically and mechanically. Many of these responses can be viewed as adaptation process of soft tissues to increased load. For example, wall thickening may be caused by a mechanism maintaining intramural hoop stress at a constant level; decrease in the incremental elastic modulus compared at the same pressure suggests the restoration of elastic properties at physiological condition (Matsumoto and Hayashi 1994). These changes are, however, also attributable to other factors such as hormonal changes and altered nervous stimuli. For example, it has been reported that renal hypertension causes wall thickening of femoral artery even if its pressure was kept normal by aortic coarctation (Liu et al., 1988). It is very difficult to exclude such factors as long as mechanical adaptation is studied in vivo. In this study, we excised arterial segments, cultured them under controlled mechanical conditions, and observed changes following the culture.
Finite Element Analysis of Endovascular Graft Within the Diseased Aorta
Authors: Oh Seik , McIntyre John P. , Rhee Richard , Peterson Robert C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear finite element methods were used to analyze the plastic deformation of an endovascular graft stent and the interaction of the graft and the aortic wall. The stent was collapsed to the size of the catheter shaft and then re-expanded within the aorta to its original size. Interaction between the stent and the aortic wall was also simulated to determine the contraction force of the aortic wall when the stent distends the pressurized aorta. The compression force is regarded as the holding force of the graft positioned within the aorta. Stress, strain and deformation of the stent were obtained as a result and compared to the material strength for the determination of the stress failure with fatigue effects.
The Advantage of Robot-Assisted Knee Positioning for ACL Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Sakane M. , Li G. , Fox R. J. , Woo S. L.-Y. , Rudy T. W. , Livesay G. , Fu F. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The goal of ACL reconstruction surgery is to restore normal ligament function and knee kinematics. Multiple factors can contribute to its outcome. Studies using cadaveric knees have been conducted to examine the effect of surgical variables on ACL reconstruction (1–3,7). However, large inter-specimen variability, less-than-reproducible surgical techniques, difficulties in data collection, and so on have made it difficult to determine the effect of these surgical variables independently. In this study, we studied the effect of knee positioning during ACL reconstruction on in-situ graft force and anterior tibia displacement of the knee when subjected to anterior tibial load. We hypothesize that a robot-assisted positioning of a knee to its initial/intact state should result in better outcomes (5) when compared with the conventional (empirical) positioning by a surgeon.
Mild/Moderate Sprains Do Not Decrease Ligament Strength: A Theoretical Model
Authors: Crisco Joseph J. , Panjabi Manohar M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Unlike complete ligament ruptures, there is limited information on the injury and healing mechanisms of mild and moderate ligament sprains. These sprains comprise 85% or more of all ligament injuries. Previously we studied the effects of sprain (subfailure) injury on the in vitro mechanical properties of the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament (Panjabi et al., 1996). Stretching the ACL to 80% of the peak load increased subsequent deformations and decreased stiffness below 80%, but had no effect on any mechanical properties above 80%, including the peak load and its deformation. The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model that was capable of testing the hypothesis that subfailure loading sufficient to produce partial damage/injury does not decrease the peak load of a ligament.
Applications of Geometric Models in Orthopaedics
Authors: MacWilliams B. A. , Barrance P. J. , Chao E. Y. S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dynamic models of musculoskeletal joint systems developed from images of human specimens have many potential applications in orthopaedic research. Such models may be used for dynamic analysis, load/deformation and stress/strain of bone implant systems studies, and pre-treatment planning in orthopaedic surgery and rehabilitation. The models, the graphic database, and the simulation/animation software also serve as valuable educational tools to demonstrate the functional anatomy of musculoskeletal joint systems.
Intravascular Ultrasound in Imaging Diseased Arteries
Authors: Back Martin R. , White Rodney A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Development of miniaturized piezoelectric transducers positioned at the end of intraluminal catheters have allowed high resolution, ultrasonic imaging of various cardiac, vascular and hollow organ structures. Current intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheters provide real-time, luminal and transmural cross-sectional imaging in large vessels with dimensional accuracy. Present applications of IVUS include imaging in arterial occlusive disease, aneurysms and traumatic injuries. Intravascular ultrasound can delineate wall morphology, lesion shape, volume and length and branch configurations. Concomitant rapid expansion of minimally-invasive endovascular therapies in coronary and peripheral vasculature have added new role for IVUS. In addition to diagnostic information, IVUS enables choice of appropriate angioplasty technique, endovascular device guidance and controlled assessment of the efficacy of interventions. Real time IVUS imaging can only be utilized during invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures after vascular access is established. Further acceptance and implentation relies upon the effectiveness of IVUS in improving endovascular outcomes and minimizing periprocedural complications as compared to alternative imaging modalities.
Heat Transport in the Perpendicular Direction of Superlattices and Periodic Thin-Film Structures
Authors: Chen G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Superlattices consisting of alternating layers of extremely thin films often demonstrate strong quantum size effects, which have been utilized to improve conventional devices and to develop new ones. The interfaces in these structures also affect their thermophysical properties through reflection and transmission of heat carriers. This work studies heat transport in the direction perpendicular to the film plane of superlattices and other periodic thin-film structures. Starting from the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) and the first law of thermodynamics, boundary conditions based on diffuse interface scattering are established. Further treatment of the BTE leads to a set of integral equations describing the distribution of temperature gradient within each layer and thermal boundary resistance at interfaces. Numerical solution of these equations yields the temperature distribution and the thermal boundary resistance in the structure. Results show that the effective thermal conductivity of the structure in the perpendicular direction is controlled by both the size effects on heat transfer within each layer and the thermal boundary resistance between different layers. The thermal boundary resistance is no longer an intrinsic property of the interface but also depends on the layer thickness as well as the phonon mean free path. Comparison of the model predictions with available experimental data is favorable but also indicates the need for further theoretical and experimental studies.
Micromechanical Thermal Sensors for Gas Parameters Measurements
Authors: Frolov Gennadiy A. , Gendin Alexandr V. , Grudin Oleg M. , Katsan Ivan I. , Krivoblotskiy Sergey N. , Lupina Boris I. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Micromechanical thermal sensors for flow/pressure drop and gas heat capacity measurements are described. They are based on a unified sensing element containing 150 nm thick silicon nitride membrane with Ni thermoresistors placed on it. Electronic circuits of the sensors and experimental results in a wide range of flows arc presented. Thermal flow sensor has linear response in a four orders range and detects as small flow and pressure drop as 7·10−6 ml/s and 10−3 Pa. Thermal analysis and pilot tests of heat capacity sensor were performed. It is experimentally shown that small air density variations of about 2·10−7 gcm−3 caused by 0.2 mm Hg absolute pressure changes can be detected.
Heat Transfer From a Flush-Mounted Heat Source-Limiting Cases and the Conjugate Peclet Number
Authors: Cole K. D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study of a flush-mounted heat source on a flat plate cooled by a steady flow provides a new perspective on the electronic cooling problem by identifying the conditions under which the full conjugate analysis may be replaced by simple limiting cases. The three limiting cases discussed are fluid-only analysis, lumped-wall analysis, and solid-only analysis. The numerical results are obtained from integral equations based on Green’s functions, and the results are presented in a compact form with the use of the conjugate Peclet number, kf/ks(Pe)1/3. The results are also compared to experimental data from the literature.
Experiments and Simulations on a Micro-Mixer Fabricated Using a Planar Silicon/Glass Technology
Authors: Krog Jens Peter , Branebjerg Jens , Nielsen Claus Rye , Gravesen Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the major challenges in utilizing the recent advances in micro-fabrication technology for improvements in flow-based chemical analysis systems is to find efficient and reliable ways to mix fluids in microscopic flow systems. In this paper, we report on a mixer unit which ensures fast (milliseconds) mixing in such systems. Our silicon/glass fabrication technology is very suitable for integration of many different flow components in the same system, and furthermore, the transparent glass plate gives unique possibilities for detailed experimental characterization of the mixer performance. This paper also focuses on numerical simulations of flow and diffusion in the mixer which have proven to be very useful tools for the design and optimization of the mixer.
A Bond Graph Model for the Sample Extraction / Injection System of a Micro-Sized Gas Chromatographic Instrument
Authors: Lin Jie , Wang Wanjun , Murphy Michael C. , Overton Edward 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A bond graph model of the sample extraction/injection system of a prototype portable gas chromatographic instrument has been developed. In addition to performing the same functions as current portable GCs, the new generation of GC instruments is designed to perform extraction of analytes from liquid and solid samples. A novel sample extraction/injection module is essential to the improved performance of the portable instrument, which will include microfabricated components such as inlets, interface chips, fluid channels, control valves, optimal heater/sensor combinations, and multi-port connectors. Predicting the performance of the system in this operating regime requires the modeling and analysis of system behavior in two interacting energy domains, fluid and thermal. Simulation results using the bond graph model closely match available experimental data, with differences typically less than 10%. This demonstrates that fluid dynamic theory for macro-scale systems, and the bond graph method based on it, can be readily applied to micro-scale systems with these dimensions.
Quasi-LIGA Technology for Micromachined Gyroscopes
Authors: Niu Mengnian , Wang Shubo , Wang Xiaodong , Xie Jianfang , Wang Weiyuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper reports the preliminary results on the two-gimbal micromachined gyroscopes. The micro-gyroscope structure was analyzed and designed by finite element method (FEM). Based on the designed dimension (gimbal dimension 0.8 × 0.9 mm2 and thickness 3.9 μm), both the intrinsic frequencies of inner and outer gimbals are equal to 2.51 kHz, far from the next resonant mode. The devices were fabricated using quasi-LIGA technology. The electroplated Cu as sacrificial layer and Ni as structural material were used. The whole process was carried out at temperature below 80 °C.
The Application of Micro Field Theory to MEMS Actuators
Authors: Cui T. H. , Zhou Z. Y. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a new basic concept which is the theory of micro field effect to analyze the actuation mechanism of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) actuators. First, the basic concept and fundamental principle of micro field have been put forward. Then, the micro field effect has been used to analyze the intrinsic quality of two kinds of microactuators, which include an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) micropump and a piezoelectric micromotor as typical examples. Finally, a new kind of piezoelectric micromotor model has been fabricated to carry out experiments. The basic principle of micro field effect has been tested and verified.
Awareness and related factors of depressive symptoms in breastfeeding people in South Korea: a survey-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Song Jiyoung , Lee Eunwon 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThis study identifies depressive symptoms and the factors that could explain its presence in breastfeeding people.DesignThis study is a cross-sectional study from national survey data.Setting and participantsData were derived from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey. The study subjects were breastfeeding people under the age of 50.Primary outcome measuresDepressive symptoms in breastfeeding people were classified according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score. Physical and health behaviours were considered as factors related to depressive symptoms. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsAmong 497 participants, 19.4% (n=97) of breastfeeding people were depressed. We found that depressive symptoms were associated with age (31–35, OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.94; 35–49, OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.56), rural setting (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.76), economic activity (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.91) and physical health (diabetus mellitus or hypertension, OR: 5.17, 95% CI: 3.78 to 7.06).ConclusionsThis study implies that socioeconomic factors, physical health and health behaviours may influence depressive symptoms in breastfeeding people. These findings should be used as descriptive data to support the development of education programmes to help breastfeeding people.
Ethics and legal requirements for data linkage in 14 European countries for children with congenital anomalies
Authors: Claridge Hugh , Tan Joachim , Loane Maria , Garne Ester , Barisic Ingeborg , Cavero-Carbonell Clara , Dias Carlos , Gatt Miriam , Jordan Susan , Khoshnood Babak , Kiuru-Kuhlefelt Sonja , Klungsoyr Kari , Mokoroa Carollo Olatz , Nelen Vera , Neville Amanda J , Pierini Anna , Randrianaivo Hanitra , Rissmann Anke , Tucker David , de Walle Hermien , Wertelecki Wladimir , Morris Joan K 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionLinking healthcare data sets can create valuable resources for research, particularly when investigating rare exposures or outcomes. However, across Europe, the permissions processes required to access data can be complex. This paper documents the processes required by the EUROlinkCAT study investigators to research the health and survival of children with congenital anomalies in Europe.MethodsEighteen congenital anomaly registries in 14 countries provided information on all the permissions required to perform surveillance of congenital anomalies and to link their data on live births with available vital statistics and healthcare databases for research. Small number restrictions imposed by data providers were also documented.ResultsThe permissions requirements varied substantially, with certain registries able to conduct congenital anomaly surveillance as part of national or regional healthcare provision, while others were required to obtain ethics approvals or informed consent. Data linkage and analysis for research purposes added additional layers of complexity for registries, with some required to obtain several permissions, including ethics approvals to link the data. Restrictions relating to small numbers often resulted in a registry’s data on specific congenital anomalies being unusable.ConclusionThe permissions required to obtain and link data on children with congenital anomalies varied greatly across Europe. The variation and complexity present a significant obstacle to the use of such data, especially in large data linkage projects. Furthermore, small number restrictions severely limited the research that could be performed for children with specific rare congenital anomalies.