bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective de Sitter space, quantum behaviour and large-scale spectral dimension (3+1)
Authors: Trugenberger C. A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
De Sitter space-time, essentially our own universe, is plagued by problems at the quantum level. Here we propose that Lorentzian de Sitter space-time is not fundamental but constitutes only an effective description of a more fundamental quantum gravity ground state. This cosmological ground state is a graph, appearing on large scales as a Riemannian manifold of constant negative curvature. We model the behaviour of matter near this equilibrium state as Brownian motion in the effective thermal environment of graph fluctuations, driven by a universal time parameter. We show how negative curvature dynamically induces the asymptotic emergence of relativistic coordinate time and of leading ballistic motion governed by the isometry group of an “effective Lorentzian manifold” of opposite, positive curvature, i.e. de Sitter space-time: free fall in positive curvature is asymptotically equivalent to the leading behaviour of Brownian motion in negative curvature. The local limit theorem for negative curvature implies that the large-scale spectral dimension of this “effective de Sitter space-time” is (3+1) independently of its microscopic topological dimension. In the effective description, the sub-leading component of asymptotic Brownian motion becomes Schrödinger quantum behavior on a 3D Euclidean manifold.
A note on the admissibility of complex BTZ metrics
Authors: Basile Ivano , Campoleoni Andrea , Raeymaekers Joris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We perform a nontrivial check of Witten’s recently proposed admissibility criterion for complex metrics. We consider the ‘quasi-Euclidean’ metrics obtained from continuing the BTZ class of metrics to imaginary time. Of special interest are the overspinning metrics, which are smooth in this three-dimensional context. Their inclusion as saddle points in the gravitational path integral would lead to puzzling results in conflict with those obtained using other methods. It is therefore encouraging that the admissibility criterion discards them. For completeness, we perform an analysis of smoothness and admissibility for the family of quasi-Euclidean BTZ metrics at all values of the mass and angular momentum.
Scalar, fermionic and supersymmetric field theories with subsystem symmetries in d + 1 dimensions
Authors: Honda Masazumi , Nakanishi Taiichi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study various non-relativistic field theories with exotic symmetries called subsystem symmetries, which have recently attracted much attention in the context of fractons. We start with a scalar theory called ϕ-theory in d + 1 dimensions and discuss its properties studied in literature for d ≤ 3 such as self-duality, vacuum structure, ’t Hooft anomaly, anomaly inflow and lattice regularization. Next we study a theory called chiral ϕ-theory which is an analogue of a chiral boson with subsystem symmetries. Then we discuss theories including fermions with subsystem symmetries. We first construct a supersymmetric version of the ϕ-theory and dropping its bosonic part leads us to a purely fermionic theory with subsystem symmetries called ψ-theory. We argue that lattice regularization of the ψ-theory generically suffers from an analogue of doubling problem as previously pointed out in the d = 3 case. We propose an analogue of Wilson fermion to avoid the “doubling” problem. We also supersymmetrize the chiral ϕ-theory and dropping the bosonic part again gives us a purely fermionic theory. We finally discuss vacuum structures of the theories with fermions and find that they are infinitely degenerate because of spontaneous breaking of subsystem symmetries.
Choose the appropriate implantation position of the Femoral Neck System in the femoral neck: a finite-element analysis
Authors: Kuang Ximu , Jian Guojian , Xie Desheng , Chen Xiaolin , Liu Haoyuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is no specific literature on the best implantation position of the Femoral Neck System (FNS) for treating Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture in young adults.

Methods
Use finite-element analysis to compare the mechanical properties of implantation positions: FNS in the central position, FNS in the low position, and FNS in the low position combined with cannulated screw (CS). The CT data of the femur were imported into the mimics20.0 to obtain the three-dimensional model of the femur; imported into geomagic2017 and SolidWorks 2017 for optimizations; models of FNS and CS are built on the basis of the device manuals. Grouping is as follows: FNS group, FNS-LOW group, and FNS-CS group. Assemble and import them into abaques6.14 for load application. The displacement distribution and von Mises Stress value of them were compared.

Results
On femoral stability and stress distribution, the FNS-CS group performs best, followed by the FNS-LOW group, and finally FNS group. The FNS-LOW group has an improvement over the FNS group but not by much.

Conclusion
In operations, when the implantation position of the central guide wire is not at the center of the femoral neck but slightly lower, it is recommended not to adjust the wire repeatedly in pursuit of the center position; for femoral neck fractures that are extremely unstable at the fracture end or require revision, the insertion strategy of FNS in the low position combined with CS can be adopted to obtain better fixation effects.
The impact of COVID-19 related adversity on the course of mental health during the pandemic and the role of protective factors: a longitudinal study among older adults in The Netherlands
Authors: Holwerda Tjalling J. , Jaarsma Eva , van Zutphen Elisabeth M. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Pan Kuan-Yu , van Vliet Majogé , Stringa Najada , van den Besselaar Judith H. , MacNeil-Vroomen Janet L. , Hoogendijk Emiel O. , Kok Almar A. L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Many studies report about risk factors associated with adverse changes in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic while few studies report about protective and buffering factors, especially in older adults. We present an observational study to assess protective and buffering factors against COVID-19 related adverse mental health changes in older adults.

Methods
899 older adults (55 +) in the Netherlands were followed from 2018/19 to two pandemic time points (June–October 2020 and March–August 2021). Questionnaires included exposure to pandemic-related adversities (“COVID-19 exposure”), depressive and anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and pre-pandemic functioning. Linear regression analyses estimated main effects of COVID-19 exposure and protective factors on mental health changes; interaction effects were tested to identify buffering factors.

Results
Compared to pre-pandemic, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms and loneliness increased. A higher score on the COVID-19 adversity index was associated with stronger negative mental health changes. Main effects: internet use and high mastery decreased depressive symptoms; a larger network decreased anxiety symptoms; female gender, larger network size and praying decreased loneliness. COVID-19 vaccination buffered against COVID-19 exposure-induced anxiety and loneliness, a partner buffered against COVID-19 exposure induced loneliness.

Conclusion
Exposure to COVID-19 adversity had a cumulative negative impact on mental health. Improving coping, finding meaning, stimulating existing religious and spiritual resources, network interventions and stimulating internet use may enable older adults to maintain mental health during events with large societal impact, yet these factors appear protective regardless of exposure to specific adversities. COVID-19 vaccination had a positive effect on mental health.
Effective Guessing Has Unlikely Consequences
Authors: Salamon András Z. , Wehar Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA classic result of Paul, Pippenger, Szemerédi and Trotter states that ${\textsf {DTIME}}(n) \subsetneq {\textsf {NTIME}}(n)$
DTIME
(
n
)
⫋
NTIME
(
n
)
. The natural question then arises: could the inclusion ${\textsf {DTIME}}(t(n)) \subseteq {\textsf {NTIME}}(n)$
DTIME
(
t
(
n
)
)
⊆
NTIME
(
n
)
hold for some superlinear time-constructible function t(n)? If such a function t(n) does exist, then there also exist effective nondeterministic guessing strategies to speed up deterministic computations. In this work, we prove limitations on the effectiveness of nondeterministic guessing to speed up deterministic computations by showing that the existence of effective nondeterministic guessing strategies would have unlikely consequences. In particular, we show that if a subpolynomial amount of nondeterministic guessing could be used to speed up deterministic computation by a polynomial factor, then ${\textsf {P}}~ \subsetneq {\textsf {NTIME}}(n)$
P

⫋
NTIME
(
n
)
. Furthermore, even achieving a logarithmic speedup at the cost of making every step nondeterministic would show that SAT ∈NTIME(n) under appropriate encodings. Of possibly independent interest, under such encodings we also show that SAT can be decided in O(nlogn) steps on a nondeterministic multitape Turing machine, improving on the well-known O(n(logn)c) bound for some constant but undetermined exponent c ≥ 1.
Physicomechanical properties of raw and comminuted pine and poplar shavings: energy consumption, particle size distribution and flow properties
Authors: Tryjarski Paweł , Lisowski Aleksander , Gawron Jakub , Obstawski Paweł 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the energy consumption during milling and cutting-milling of pine and poplar shavings and the determination of particle size distribution (PSD) characteristics and mechanical properties of these materials. Cutting-milling process required less energy (in kJ·kg–1) than milling but maximum mass flow rate of shavings was significantly higher and thus the effective power requirement of the knife mill during cutting also was higher. Comminution of plastic poplar shavings was more energy-consuming than harder pine shavings. These features influenced PSD, which was approximated with four mathematical models: Rosin–Rammler-Sperling-Bennett (RRSB), normal, logistic and lognormal. On the basis of the best fitting (Radj2) for RRSB, detailed PSD parameters were calculated and all PSDs were described as ‘mesokurtic’, ‘fine skewed’ and ‘well-graded’. In comparison to milled shavings, cut-milled shavings had higher density, but were less compressible and had lower unconfined yield strength. However, cut-milled shavings had higher flowability because of lower cohesion and internal friction angles, because after cutting-milling particles were more spherical than elongated particles after milling. Cut-milled poplar shavings had more favourable mechanical parameters and better PSD characteristics, but required more energy for comminution than pine shavings.
Anatomical Position of the Pancreas as a Risk Factor for Pancreatic Fistula after Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kumagai Koshi , Nunobe Souya , Hiki Naoki , Hayami Masaru , Ishizuka Naoki , Ida Satoshi , Makuuchi Rie , Jiang Xiaohua , Ohashi Manabu , Sano Takeshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic gastrectomy is more frequently associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula than is open gastrectomy. We assumed that compression of the pancreas with various devices to obtain a proper operative view is associated with the higher incidence of PF in LG and that the extent of the compression differs depending on the anatomical position of the pancreas. The present study aimed to elucidate the correlation between the anatomical position of the pancreas and PF after LG for gastric cancer.MethodsPatients who underwent LG for gastric cancer from 2005 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Two anatomical parameters representing the height of the slope looking down the celiac artery from the top of the pancreas (P‐A length) and the steepness of the slope (UP‐CA angle) were measured in computed tomography sagittal projections. The correlation between PF and (1) P‐A length, (2) UP‐CA angle, and (3) other clinicopathological factors was analyzed using a logistic regression model.ResultsAmong 3485 patients, grade ≥ II PF was observed in 140 (4.0%) patients. The UP‐CA angle [odds ratio (OR), 2.472; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.725–3.543; P < 0.001], a high BMI (OR 2.339; 95% CI 1.634–3.348; P < 0.001), and male sex (OR 2.602; 95% CI 1.590–4.257; P < 0.001) were independently correlated with grade ≥ II PF.ConclusionsThe present study identified a significant correlation between anatomical position of the pancreas and PF after LG. High BMI and male sex were also significantly correlated with PF after LG.
Minimizing total weighted latency in home healthcare routing and scheduling with patient prioritization
Authors: Akbari Vahid , Sadati İhsan , Salman F. Sibel , Shiri Davood 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study a home healthcare routing and scheduling problem, where multiple healthcare service provider teams should visit a given set of patients at their homes. The problem involves assigning each patient to a team and generating the routes of the teams such that each patient is visited once. When patients are prioritized according to the severity of their condition or their service urgency, the problem minimizes the total weighted waiting time of the patients, where the weights represent the triage levels. In this form, the problem generalizes the multiple traveling repairman problem. To obtain optimal solutions for small to moderate-size instances, we propose a level-based integer programming (IP) model on a transformed input network. To solve larger instances, we develop a metaheuristic algorithm that relies on a customized saving procedure and a general variable neighborhood search algorithm. We evaluate the IP model and the metaheuristic on various small-, medium- and large-sized instances coming from the vehicle routing literature. While the IP model finds the optimal solutions to all the small- and medium-sized instances within three hours of run time, the metaheuristic algorithm achieves the optimal solutions to all instances within merely a few seconds. We also provide a case study involving Covid-19 patients in a district of Istanbul and derive insights for the planners by means of several analyses.
Cryogenic laser operation of a “mixed” Yb:LuYAG garnet crystal
Authors: Slimi Sami , Jambunathan Venkatesan , Pan Mingyan , Wang Yicheng , Chen Weidong , Loiko Pavel , Solé Rosa Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Smrz Martin , Mocek Tomas , Mateos Xavier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report on the continuous-wave and passively Q-switched operation of a compositionally “mixed” heavily doped 16.6 at.% Yb:(Y,Lu)3Al5O12 garnet crystal at cryogenic temperatures (100–200 K), pumped by a volume Bragg grating stabilized diode laser emitting at 969 nm. At 140 K, in the continuous-wave regime, a maximum output power of 10.65 W was achieved at ~ 1029 nm with a slope efficiency of 56% (versus the incident pump power), a laser threshold of 1.05 W and excellent beam quality. Using Cr4+:YAG as a saturable absorber, the passively Q-switched laser generated pulses with an energy/duration of 0.15 mJ/201 ns, respectively, at a repetition rate of 39.7 kHz, corresponding to a peak power of 0.39 kW.
Establishment and inheritance of minichromosomes from Arabidopsis haploid induction
Authors: Tan Ek Han , Ordoñez Benny , Thondehaalmath Tejas , Seymour Danelle K. , Maloof Julin N. , Maruthachalam Ravi , Comai Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMinichromosomes are small, sometimes circular, rearranged chromosomes consisting of one centromere and short chromosomal arms formed by treatments that break DNA, including plant transformation. Minichromosomes have the potential to serve as vectors to quickly move valuable genes across a wide range of germplasm, including into adapted crop varieties. To realize this potential, minichromosomes must be reliably generated, easily manipulated, and stably inherited. Here we show a reliable method for minichromosome formation in haploids resulting from CENH3-mediated genome elimination, a process that generates genome instability and karyotypic novelty specifically on one parental genome. First, we identified 2 out of 260 haploids, each containing a single-copy minichromosome originating from centromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and 3, respectively. The chromosome 1 minichromosome we characterized did not pair at meiosis but displayed consistent transmission over nine selfing generations. Next, we demonstrated that CENH3-based haploid induction can produce minichromosomes in a targeted manner. Haploid inducers carrying a selectable pericentromeric marker were used to isolate additional chromosome-specific minichromosomes, which occurred in 3 out of 163 haploids. Our findings document the formation of heritable, rearranged chromosomes, and we provide a method for convenient minichromosome production.
Comparison of the quality of clinical forensic examination of victims of physical violence conducted by clinicians and forensic examiners
Authors: Walz Cleo , Schwarz Clara-Sophie , Imdahl Karla , Steffan Christian , Germerott Tanja 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The Istanbul Convention calls for comprehensive care for victims of violence while maintaining forensic standards. After violent crimes, court usable documentation of injuries and securing of evidence is essential to avoid disadvantages for those affected in criminal prosecution.

Material and methods
This retrospective study compares forensic relevant aspects in clinical forensic examination of victims of physical and sexual violence conducted by clinicians and forensic examiners. Forensic medical reports based on clinical documentation of individuals of all ages in the period from 2015 to 2018 (n = 132) were evaluated in comparison to a control group of examinations conducted by forensic specialists. A comparative statistical evaluation was performed.

Results
The study revealed statistically significant differences in forensically relevant aspects. In the clinical examinations, full-body examination was performed in only 37.9%, and concealed body sites were examined in 9.8%. Photo documentation was often incomplete (62.4%), without scale (59.1%), blurred (39.7%), or poorly exposed (31.2%). Information on size, color, shape, and texture of injuries was often missing. In about every third examination, the findings were not described purely objective. A body scheme was used only in 8.3% of the clinical cases.

Discussion
In order to establish nationwide care structures and the forensic standard required in criminal proceedings, intensive involvement of forensic medicine is essential. Standardized examination materials, regular training of medical staff, and telemedical approaches can improve the care for victims of violence regarding criminal prosecution.
Are psychosocial work factors and work-home interference associated with time to first full return-to-work after sick leave due to common mental disorders?
Authors: Holmlund Lisa , Bültmann Ute , Bergström Gunnar , Warnqvist Anna , Björk Brämberg Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To (1) examine the time to first full return-to-work (RTW), and (2) investigate whether psychosocial work factors and work-home interference are associated with time to first full RTW after sick leave due to common mental disorders (CMDs).

Methods
The cohort study comprised 162 employees on sick leave due to CMDs participating in a two-armed cluster-randomised controlled trial in Sweden. Baseline data consisted of a web-based questionnaire and follow-up data of repeated text messages every fourth week for 12 months. The time to first full RTW was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier Estimator. Parametric Weibull survival models with interval-censored outcomes were used to determine associations between psychosocial work factors and work-home interference with time to first full RTW. In a post hoc analysis, time-interval differences in associations for 0– ≤ 6- versus > 6–12 months were tested.

Results
During the 12-month follow-up, n = 131 (80.9%) reported a first full RTW. The median time to this RTW was 16 weeks (95% CI 12; 20). High psychological job demands, high emotional job demands, high work-to-home interference (WHI), and low social job support were independently associated with a longer time to first full RTW. Time-interval differences were found for job control and emotional job demands.

Conclusions
Psychosocial work demands and WHI are associated with a longer time to RTW after sick leave due to CMDs. Work organisations and rehabilitation practices should include accommodations for high psychological and emotional job demands during RTW, as well as pay attention to the risk of spill-over of high job demands into employees’ private lives.
Characterization of electrical 1-phase transformer parameters with guaranteed hotspot temperature and aging using an improved dwarf mongoose optimizer
Authors: Rizk-Allah Rizk M. , El-Fergany Attia A. , Gouda Eid A. , Kotb Mohamed F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParameters identification of Electric Power Transformer (EPT) models is significant for the steady and consistent operation of the power systems. The nonlinear and multimodal natures of EPT models make it challenging to optimally estimate the EPT’s parameters. Therefore, this work presents an improved Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Algorithm (IDMOA) to identify unknown parameters of the EPT model (1-phase transformer) and to appraise transformer aging trend under hottest temperatures. The IDMOA employs a population of solutions to get as much information as possible within the search space through generating different solution’ vectors. Furthermore, the Nelder–Mead Simplex method is incorporated to efficiently promote the neighborhood searching with the aim to find a high-quality solution during the iterative process. At initial stage, power transformer electrical equivalent extraction parameters are expressed in terms of the fitness function and its corresponding operating inequality restrictions. In this sense, the sum of absolute errors (SAEs) among numerous factors from nameplate data of transformers is to be minimized. The proposed IDMOA is demonstrated on two transformer ratings as 4 kVA and 15 kVA, respectively. Moreover, the outcomes of the IDMOA are compared with other recent challenging optimization methods. It can be realized that the lowest minimum values of SAEs compared to the others which are 3.3512e−2 and 1.1200e−5 for 15 kVA and 4 kVA cases, respectively. For more assessment for the proposed optimizer, the extracted parameters are utilized to evaluate the transformer aging considering the transformer hottest temperature compared with effect of the actual parameters following the IEEE Std C57.91 procedures. It is proved that the results are guaranteed, and the transformer per unit nominal life is 1.00 at less than 110 °C as per the later-mentioned standard.