bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of type II primordial black hole formation
Authors: Uehara Koichiro , Escrivà Albert , Harada Tomohiro , Saito Daiki , Yoo Chul-Moon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) resulting from extremely large amplitudes of initial fluctuations in a radiation-dominated universe.
We find that, for a sufficiently large initial amplitude, the configuration of trapping horizons shows characteristic structure due to the existence of bifurcating trapping horizons.
We call this type of configuration of the trapping horizons type B PBH, while the structure without a bifurcating trapping horizon type A PBH.
As shown in ref. [1], in the matter-dominated universe, the type B PBH can be realized by the type II initial fluctuation, which is characterized by a non-monotonic areal radius as a function of the radial coordinate (throat structure) in contrast with the standard case, type A PBH with a monotonic areal radius (type I fluctuation).
Our research reveals that a type II fluctuation does not necessarily result in a type B PBH in the radiation-dominated case.
We also find that for an initial amplitude well above the threshold value, the resulting PBH mass may either increase or decrease with increasing the initial amplitude, depending on
its specific profile rather than its fluctuation type.
Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo method for frustrated spin systems
Authors: Cai 蔡 Ning 凝 , Gao 高 Yuan 源 , Li 李 Wei 伟 , Qi 戚 Yang 扬 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We extend a semiclassical numerical method, bosonic auxiliary-field Monte Carlo, to quantum spin systems. This method breaks the lattice into clusters, solves each cluster precisely and couples them with classical auxiliary fields through classical Monte Carlo simulation. We test the method with antiferromagnetic spin models in one-dimensional chains, square lattices and triangular lattices, and obtain reasonable results at finite temperatures. This algorithm builds a bridge between classical Monte Carlo method and quantum methods. The algorithm can be improved with either progress in classical Monte Carlo sampling or the development of quantum solvers, and can also be further applied to systems with different lattices or interactions.
Atelocollagen-based hydrogel loaded with Cotinus coggygria extract for treatment of type 2 diabetic wounds
Authors: Yilmaz Ozdogan Candan , Kenar Halime , Uzuner Huseyin , Karadenizli Aynur 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease, causes complications such as chronic wounds, which are difficult to cure. New treatments have been investigated to accelerate wound healing. In this study, a novel wound dressing from fibroblast-laden atelocollagen-based hydrogel with Cotinus coggygria extract was developed for diabetic wound healing. The antimicrobial activity of C. coggygria hexane (H), dichloromethane (DCM), dichloromethane:methanol (DCM-M), methanol (M), distilled water (DW) and traditional (T) extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, as well as their cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts were determined. While fibroblast growth was significantly (p< 0.05) promoted with DCM (121.41 ± 1.04%), M (109.40 ± 5.89%) and DW (121.83 ± 6.37%) extracts at their lowest concentrations, 2000 μg ml−1 DCM and 7.8 μg ml−1 T extracts had both non-cytotoxic and antifungal effects. An atelocollagen-based hydrogel was produced by thermal crosslinking, and its pore size (38.75 ± 7.67 μm), water content (96.63 ± 0.24%) and swelling ratio (27.21 ± 4.08%) were found to be suitable for wound dressings. A significant increase in the deoxyribonucleic acid amount (28.27 ± 1.41%) was observed in the plain hydrogel loaded with fibroblasts after 9 d of incubation, and the hydrogel had an extensively interconnected cellular network. The hydrogels containing DW and T extracts were applied to wounds generated in an in vitro 3D type-2-diabetic human skin model. Although the incubation period was not sufficient for closure of the wounds in either of the treatments, the hydrogel with T extract stimulated more fibroblast migration. In the fibroblast-laden version of the hydrogel with T extract, no wound closure was observed but more keratinocytes migrated to the wound region. These positive outcomes underline the potential of the developed wound dressing as a powerful alternative to improve diabetic wound healing in clinical practice.
Non-Markovian reduced models to unravel transitions in non-equilibrium systems
Authors: Chekroun Mickaël D , Liu Honghu , McWilliams James C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work proposes a general framework for analyzing noise-driven transitions in spatially extended non-equilibrium systems and explaining the emergence of coherent patterns beyond the instability onset. The framework relies on stochastic parameterization formulas to reduce the complexity of the original equations while preserving the essential dynamical effects of unresolved scales. The approach is flexible and operates for both Gaussian noise and non-Gaussian noise with jumps. Our stochastic parameterization formulas offer two key advantages. First, they can approximate stochastic invariant manifolds when these manifolds exist. Second, even when such manifolds break down, our formulas can be adapted through a simple optimization of its constitutive parameters. This allows us to handle scenarios with weak time-scale separation where the system has undergone multiple transitions, resulting in large-amplitude solutions not captured by invariant manifolds or other time-scale separation methods. The optimized stochastic parameterizations capture then how small-scale noise impacts larger scales through the system’s nonlinear interactions. This effect is achieved by the very fabric of our parameterizations incorporating non-Markovian (memory-dependent) coefficients into the reduced equation. These coefficients account for the noise’s past influence, not just its current value, using a finite memory length that is selected for optimal performance. The specific memory function, which determines how this past influence is weighted, depends on both the strength of the noise and how it interacts with the system’s nonlinearities. Remarkably, training our theory-guided reduced models on a single noise path effectively learns the optimal memory length for out-of-sample predictions. This approach retains indeed good accuracy in predicting noise-induced transitions, including rare events, when tested against a large ensemble of different noise paths. This success stems from our hybrid approach, which combines analytical understanding with data-driven learning. This combination avoids a key limitation of purely data-driven methods: their struggle to generalize to unseen scenarios, also known as the ‘extrapolation problem.’
Boundary Bethe ansatz in massless AdS3
Authors: Bielli Daniele , Moustakis Vasileios , Torrielli Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We construct the boundary algebraic Bethe ansatz for the

A
d

S
3

×

S
3

×

T
4

integrable reflection problem restricted to the massless sector. We derive the double-row monodromy and find the appropriate formulation of the dual equation of Sklyanin’s. We perform the algebraic Bethe ansatz and obtain the RTT (more properly RTRT) relations, from which the spectrum is obtained by repeated action of the B operator on the pseudovacuum. We obtain the Bethe equations by cancelling the unwanted terms, and prove the exact formulae for any number of quantum particles and magnonic excitations.
Learning to classify quantum phases of matter with a few measurements
Authors: Khosrojerdi Mehran , Pereira Jason L , Cuccoli Alessandro , Banchi Leonardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the identification of quantum phases of matter, at zero temperature, when only part of the phase diagram is known in advance. Following a supervised learning approach, we show how to use our previous knowledge to construct an observable capable of classifying the phase even in the unknown region. By using a combination of classical and quantum techniques, such as tensor networks, kernel methods, generalization bounds, quantum algorithms, and shadow estimators, we show that, in some cases, the certification of new ground states can be obtained with a polynomial number of measurements. An important application of our findings is the classification of the phases of matter obtained in quantum simulators, e.g. cold atom experiments, capable of efficiently preparing ground states of complex many-particle systems and applying simple measurements, e.g. single qubit measurements, but unable to perform a universal set of gates.
Human motor performance assessment with lower limb exoskeletons as a potential strategy to support healthy aging—a perspective article
Authors: Moeller Tobias , Beyerlein Melina , Herzog Michael , Barisch-Fritz Bettina , Marquardt Charlotte , Dežman Miha , Mombaur Katja , Asfour Tamim , Woll Alexander , Stein Thorsten , Krell-Roesch Janina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With increasing age, motor performance declines. This decline is associated with less favorable health outcomes such as impaired activities of daily living, reduced quality of life, or increased mortality. Through regular assessment of motor performance, changes over time can be monitored, and targeted therapeutic programs and interventions may be informed. This can ensure better individualization of any intervention approach (e.g. by considering the current motor performance status of a person) and thus potentially increase its effectiveness with regard to maintaining current performance status or delaying further decline. However, in older adults, motor performance assessment is time consuming and requires experienced examiners and specific equipment, amongst others. This is particularly not feasible in care facility/nursing home settings. Wearable robotic devices, such as exoskeletons, have the potential of being used to assess motor performance and provide assistance during physical activities and exercise training for older adults or individuals with mobility impairments, thereby potentially enhancing motor performance. In this manuscript, we aim to (1) provide a brief overview of age-related changes of motor performance, (2) summarize established clinical and laboratory test procedures for the assessment of motor performance, (3) discuss the possibilities of translating established test procedures into exoskeleton-based procedures, and (4) highlight the feasibility, technological requirements and prerequisites for the assessment of human motor performance using lower limb exoskeletons.
Ultrafast laser welding of transparent materials: from principles to applications
Authors: Jia Xianshi , Luo Jinlin , Li Kai , Wang Cong , Li Zhou , Wang Mengmeng , Jiang Zhengyi , Veiko Vadim P , Duan Ji’an 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ultrafast laser-matter interaction is explored to induce new pioneering principles and technologies into the realms of fundamental science and industrial production. The local thermal melting and connection properties of the ultrafast laser welding technology offer a novel method for welding of diverse transparent materials, thus having wide range of potential applications in aerospace, opto-mechanical systems, sensors, microfluidic, optics, etc. In this comprehensive review, tuning the transient electron activation processes, high-rate laser energy deposition, and dynamic evolution of plasma morphology by the temporal/spatial shaping methods have been demonstrated to facilitate the transition from conventional homogeneous transparent material welding to the more intricate realm of transparent/metal heterogeneous material welding. The welding strength and stability are also improvable through the implementation of real-time, in-situ monitoring techniques and the prompt diagnosis of welding defects. The principles of ultrafast laser welding, bottleneck problems in the welding, novel welding methods, advances in welding performance, in-situ monitoring and diagnosis, and various applications are reviewed. Finally, we offer a forward-looking perspective on the fundamental challenges within the field of ultrafast laser welding and identify key areas for future research, underscoring the imperative need for ongoing innovation and exploration.
Biofabrication of brain-like living tissue: structure to intelligence
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Sen , Liu Yingjie , Zhang Bowen , Pan Zhaoyu , Bai Luge , Yao Siqi , Zhang Chenrui , Xie Huangfan , He Jiankang , Li Dichen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Brain, the material foundation of human intelligence, is the most complex tissue in the human body. Brain diseases are among the leading threats to human life, yet our understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms and drug development remains limited, largely due to the lack of accurate brain-like tissue models that replicate its complex structure and functions. Therefore, constructing brain-like models—both in morphology and function—possesses significant scientific value for advancing brain science and pathological pharmacology research, representing the frontiers in the biomanufacturing field. This review outlines the primary requirements and challenges in biomanufacturing brain-like tissue, addressing its complex structures, functions, and environments. Also, the existing biomanufacturing technologies, strategies, and characteristics for brain-like models are depicted, and cutting-edge developments in biomanufacturing central neural repair prosthetics, brain development models, brain disease models, and brain-inspired biocomputing models are systematically reviewed. Finally, the paper concludes with future perspectives on the biomanufacturing of brain-like tissue transitioning from structural manufacturing to intelligent functioning.
Graphene quantum dots as hole transport material in lead free perovskite solar cell: a SCAPS-1D numerical study
Authors: Amanullah Saifee Md , Khan Fareha Feroz Alam , Ali Javid , Khan Mohammad Ajmal , Khan Mohd Shahid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The environment friendly, lead-free perovskite materials show significant promise for high-performance solar cells. We have conducted numerical simulations of the proposed solar cell structure using SCAPS-1D software. The analysed solar cell structure comprises of FTO/ZnO/MASnI3/GQD/C, where FTO serves as the transparent conducting oxide, ZnO as the electron transport layer (ETL), methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3; MA = CH3NH3) as the absorbing material, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as the hole transport layer (HTL), and carbon as the back contact. In this study, we examined various factors influencing solar cell performance, including thickness, Mott- Schottky and shallow acceptor density of the absorber layer. Additionally, we analysed the band energy, defect density at the GQD/MASnI3 and MASnI3/ZnO interfaces, carrier generation, recombination, and concentrations throughout the device layers. The optimized solar cell structure demonstrated an efficiency of 10.57%, a short-circuit current density of 34 mA cm−12, an open-circuit voltage of 0.9 V, and a fill factor of 88%. These simulation results could provide valuable guidelines for fabricating higher-efficiency, low-cost solar cells.
Land-use and land-cover changes and emerging non-tuberculous and tuberculous infectious diseases in humans and animals: a mixed-methods review of research findings from global and spatio-temporal perspectives
Authors: Guégan Jean-François , Vargas Campos Carlos A , Chevillon Christine , Sylla Ahmadou , Dogbe Magdalene , Fast Kayla M , Pechal Jennifer , Rakestraw Alex , Scott Matthew E , Sandel Michael W , Jordan Heather , Benbow M Eric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite recent interest in land-use and land-cover (LULC) change effects on emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), the debate on global potential health threats remains polarizing. These depend on diverse LULC changes, different types of infectious disease systems, and spatio-temporal scales of studies. Here, using both a bibliometric and scoping review method, we summarize the reliability and availability of published relevant studies on LULC effects on mycobacteria, an important group of infectious bacteria that affect humans and both wild and domestic animals. We make connections of LULC with environmental changes (e.g. soils) that likely lead to an increased risk of mycobacteria spillover to human and other animal populations. An important feature of our review is a focus on research from the richest countries of the world, though some studies have been done in Africa, Asia and South America. Geographically, regions experiencing important LULC transformations, such as many tropical regions of Meso- and South America and Southeast Asia, have been given little or no attention in this important topic. Research on Mycobacterium bovis, and to a larger extent on M. ulcerans, constitutes convincing illustrations of the importance of acknowledging shifts in spatio-temporal scales, from local to global and inter-annual to decadal ones, when evaluating responses of mycobacteria to LULC changes. However, studies on other pathogenic mycobacteria remain very much confined to local and dispersed scales. To date, the role of LULC change effects has not been adequately studied for many human and animal pathogens, and more research and attention to this issue is clearly needed. This review provides a comprehensive set of data on the updates of LULC change and their impact on animal and human mycobacterial infections. It also proposes several research recommendations, in particular to better understand the emergence of mycobacteria in context, by multiplying study sites in different regions of the world and in adopting an ecosystem-based perspective, in order to encourage interdisciplinary research better linking environmental microbiology, veterinary science and medical research.
Weather resilience of the future Swiss electricity system with very high shares of variable renewable energy sources
Authors: Killenberger Collin , Zielonka Nik , Sasse Jan-Phillipp , Trutnevyte Evelina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To design weather-resilient electricity systems that rely on variable renewable energy sources (VRES), spatially-explicit modeling with several decades of historical weather data is necessary to avoid over-optimization to a single weather year. Here, we apply the electricity system model EXPANSE for Switzerland to search for resilient cost-optimal and near-optimal system designs in 2035 under various policy scenarios, using data from 25 historical weather years (1995–2019) for electricity demand, solar photovoltaics (PV), wind power, hydropower dams and run-of-river hydropower. In particular, we demonstrate how modeling to generate alternatives (MGA) could be used to define a range of potential system designs for reaching different levels of weather resilience. We find that solar PV capacity of 35 GW in Switzerland in 2035 without any wind power would allow the country to reach its target of 35 TWh yr−1 on new renewable electricity in 95% of the 25 historical weather years. Further limiting winter electricity import to a maximum of 5 TWh yr−1 as currently envisioned by policy, would require additional 10 GW of wind power to have a comparable level of weather resilience. Within the range of alternative MGA scenarios, such 95% resilience level could also be achieved using 12 GW of solar PV and 18 GW of wind power, 20 GW of solar PV and 13.5 GW of wind power. This methodology could be transferred to other countries and continents that intend to reach high shares of VRES in their electricity systems.
Introduction
Authors: Scheffler Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book’s organizing question: what is it to lead a life? It begins by rehearsing several commonsense convictions that bear on this question. These convictions, despite their commonsense character, seem to be rejected by traditions of thought that advocate a form of detachment from our ordinary perspective. Two kinds of reasons are often said to count in favor of detachment: epistemological reasons, or reasons to free ourselves from false beliefs, and ataraxic reasons, or reasons to free ourselves from suffering. The chapter raises a dilemma: either advocates of detachment repudiate forms of attachment normally taken to be part of a good life; or they merely repudiate attachment that is pathological, thereby reproducing common sense. After reviewing the place of detachment in recent philosophy, the chapter introduces the alternative that the book defends, an attachment-sensitive conception of leading a life. It ends with an outline of the book.
Interactional Ordering: Reconstructing Lon Fuller’s Theory of Private Law
Authors: Balganesh Shyamkrishna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While Lon Fuller is best remembered for his contributions to the fields of general jurisprudence and contract law, his work in each has long been seen as unrelated to the other. This Article shows that in a significantly underappreciated body of work, Fuller did connect the two and, in the process, developed the outlines of a robust theory of private law, best characterized as “interactional ordering.” Driven by Fuller’s efforts to develop a jurisprudence of form that was derived from conventionalism and natural law thinking, interactional ordering sees all normativity as originating in horizontal interactions between individuals in society, seeking to realize their freedom socially. This horizontal normativity forms the very substantive and structural basis for the common law as a mechanism of enforcement, and emerges as the principal end that all other forms of legal and social ordering are ultimately structured around. This Article reconstructs the central tenets of interactional ordering from Fuller’s work and shows how it represents a sophisticated account of how private law normativity operates, one that abjures commitments to both Legal Positivism and Legal Realism, a move that was central to Fuller’s overall jurisprudential worldview.
To disclose or not to disclose: Exploring the risk of being transparent about GenAI use in second language writing
Authors: Tan Xiao , Wang Chaoran , Xu Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the increasingly popular use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools in writing, a common policy regarding GenAI use requires students to self-disclose such use in writing. However, many students, especially second language (L2) writers, are concerned that disclosing GenAI use might negatively impact how teachers evaluate their work. This study, therefore, intends to investigate the potential impact of GenAI disclosure on L2 writing assessment. This study employs a mixed-method design to measure the statistical differences between grades received under different disclosure conditions and explore potential reasons for discrepancies. The quantitative analysis shows that teachers tend to score the essays lower when they are informed that GenAI tools are involved in the writing process. The interview data suggest that teachers might make assumptions about the student author’s writing ability and GenAI’s influence on writing, with some participants acknowledging their bias against GenAI use in writing. The study lends empirical evidence to the concern about GenAI disclosure and provides suggestions for improving mutual trust between teachers and students and rethinking L2 writing assessment in the age of GenAI.