bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabic‐speaking male immigrants' perceptions of preventive initiatives: An interview study
Authors: Dahl Marie , Søndergaard Susanne F. , Al‐Allaq Rafel Salman , Diederichsen Axel , Lindholt Jes S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundArabic‐speaking men are a sparsely investigated population in health promotion and disease prevention. This may hamper their ability to achieve the highest obtainable health due to less accessibility and acceptability of preventive measures.AimWe explored Arabic‐speaking (Palestinian, Iraqi and Somali) male immigrants' perceptions of preventive initiatives in general and such initiatives for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in particular to understand how to address inequalities in engagement in prevention.MethodsThis qualitative study employed content analysis of semistructured interviews with 60–66‐year‐old Arabic‐speaking men living in Denmark. Supplementary, structured data, for example, health data, were collected. From June to August 2020, 10 men were interviewed.FindingsPreventive initiatives were found ethically and culturally acceptable alongside personally and socially relevant; they were perceived as humanitarian and caring for the participants' health, respecting of their self‐determination and enabling their empowerment. Thus, the participants entreated that their fellow countrymen be assisted in achieving the prerequisite coping capabilities to address inequality in access, perceived acceptance and relevance. This led us to define one main category ‘Preventive initiatives ‐ Caring and humanitarian aid empower us’ with the underlying subcategories: ‘We are both hampered and strengthened by our basic assumptions’ and ‘We need help to achieve coping capabilities enabling us to engage in preventive initiatives’.ConclusionPrevention was perceived as acceptable and relevant. Even so, Arabic‐speaking men may be a hard‐to‐reach group due to their basic assumptions and impaired capabilities for engaging in prevention. Addressing inequality in accessibility, acceptability and relevance in regard to prevention may be promoted through a person‐centred approach embracing invitees' preferences, needs and values; and by strengthening invitees' health literacy through efforts at the structural, health professional and individual levels.Public ContributionThis study was based on interviews. The interviewees were recruited as public representatives to assist us in building an understanding of Arabic‐speaking male immigrants' perceptions of preventive initiatives in general and preventive initiatives for CVD in particular.
Success rate of orthograde endodontic retreatment after failed apicectomy – A retrospective study
Authors: Appel David , Schäfer Edgar , Appel Carsten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimOrthograde retreatment after failed apicectomy maybe a treatment alternative to endodontic resurgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical outcome of orthograde endodontic retreatment after failed apicectomy.MethodologySuccess was rated radiographically in 191 cases of orthograde retreatment after failed apicectomy that were treated in a private practice with a documented recall of at least 12 months. The radiographs were rated individually by two observers, in cases of disagreement a consensus was reached by joint discussion with a third observer. Success or failure were evaluated according to previously described criteria. The success rate and the median survival were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The log rank test was used to evaluate the effect of prognostic factors/predictors. Hazard ratios of predictors were analysed using Univariate Cox Proportional Hazard regression analysis.ResultsThe mean follow‐up of the included 191 patients (124 females, 67 males) was 32.13 (±23.68) months and the median was 25 months. The overall recall rate was 54%. Cohen Kappa analysis revealed nearly perfect agreement between both observers (k = 0.81; p = 1.0). The overall percentage of success was 84.82% (complete healing 79.06%, incomplete healing 5.76%). The median survival was 86 months (95% CI: 56–86). None of the selected predictors had an influence on the treatment outcome (p > .05).ConclusionsOrthograde retreatment should be considered a valuable treatment option after failed apicectomy. A surgical endodontic retreatment can still be a treatment option after orthograde retreatment to obtain outcome for the patient.
Deficiency of angiopoietin‐like 4 enhances CD8+ T cell bioactivity via metabolic reprogramming for impairing tumour progression
Authors: Ding Shizhen , Lin Zhijie , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Jia Xiaoqing , Li Hualing , Fu Yi , Wang Xuefeng , Zhu Guoqiang , Lu Guotao , Xiao Weiming , Gong Weijuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAngiopoietin‐like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted metabolism‐modulating glycoprotein involved in the progression of tumours, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and infectious diseases. In this study, more CD8+ T cells were activated to be effector T cells in ANGPTL4−/− mice. Impaired growth of tumours implanted in 3LL, B16BL6 or MC38 cells and reduced metastasis by B16F10 cells were observed in ANGPTL4−/− mice. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation experiments displayed that deficiency of ANGPTL4 in either host or BM cells promoted CD8+ T cell activation. However, ANGPTL4 deficiency in CD8+ T cells themselves showed more efficient anti‐tumour activities. Recombinant ANGPTL4 protein promoted tumour growth in vivo with the less CD8+ T cell infiltration and it directly downregulated CD8+ T cell activation ex vivo. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolism analysis identified that ANGPTL4−/− CD8+ T cells increased glycolysis and decreased oxidative phosphorylation, which was dependent on the PKCζ‐LKB1‐AMPK‐mTOR signalling axis. Reverse correlation of elevated ANGPTL4 levels in sera and tumour tissues with activated CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood was displayed in patients with colorectal cancer. These results demonstrated that ANGPTL4 decreased immune surveillance in tumour progression by playing an immune‐modulatory role on CD8+ T cells via metabolic reprogramming. Efficient blockade of ANGPTL4 expression in tumour patients would generate an effective anti‐tumour effect mediated by CD8+ T cells.
Senescent T cells: Beneficial and detrimental roles
Authors: Laphanuwat Phatthamon , Gomes Daniel Claudio Oliveira , Akbar Arne N. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryAs the thymus involutes during aging, the T‐cell pool has to be maintained by the periodic expansion of preexisting T cells during adulthood. A conundrum is that repeated episodes of activation and proliferation drive the differentiation of T cells toward replicative senescence, due to telomere erosion. This review discusses mechanisms that regulate the end‐stage differentiation (senescence) of T cells. Although these cells, within both CD4 and CD8 compartments, lose proliferative activity after antigen‐specific challenge, they acquire innate‐like immune function. While this may confer broad immune protection during aging, these senescent T cells may also cause immunopathology, especially in the context of excessive inflammation in tissue microenvironments.
RETRACTED: Effect of diabetic foot ulcers and other risk factors on the prevalence of lower extremity amputation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Huiling , Huang Chuanwang , Bai Jie , Wang Jing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis study was conducted to measure the consequence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and other risk factors (RFs) on the prevalence of lower extremity amputation (LEA). A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 2765 interrelated studies were reviewed. Of the 32 chosen studies enclosed, 9934 subjects were in the chosen studies' starting point, and 2906 of them were with LEA. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the effect of DFUs and other RFs on the prevalence of LEA by the continuous and dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random effect model. Male gender (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17–1.44, P < .001), smoking (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53, P = .04), previous foot ulcer (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.93–3.74, P < .001), osteomyelitis (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.28–6.57, P < .001), gangrene (OR, 14.45; 95% CI, 7.03–29.72, P < .001), hypertension (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.33, P = .01), and white blood cells count (WBCC) (MD, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.37–2.74, P < .001) were significantly shown to be an RF in LEA in subjects with DFUs. Age (MD, 0.81; 95% CI, −0.75 to 2.37, P = .31), body mass index (MD, −0.55; 95% CI, −1.15 to 0.05, P = .07), diabetes mellitus type (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.63–1.56, P = .96), and glycated haemoglobin (MD, 0.33; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.81, P = .17) were not shown to be an RF in LEA in subjects with DFUs. Male gender, smoking, previous foot ulcer, osteomyelitis, gangrene, hypertension, and WBCC were significantly shown to be an RF in LEA in subjects with DFUs. However, age and diabetes mellitus type were not shown to be RF in LEA in subjects with DFUs. However, caused of the small sample sizes of several chosen studies for this meta‐analysis, care must be exercised when dealing with its values.
Membrane receptors mediate the rapid facilitation of short‐term memory by estradiol in the dorsal hippocampus of female mice
Authors: Kuun‐Hadden Talya , Brar Ramneek , Klemens Melissa N. , MacLusky Neil J. , Choleris Elena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstrogens play a key role in learning and memory via delayed genomic and early‐onset rapid mechanisms. Systemic treatment with 17β‐estradiol (E2) rapidly facilitates object recognition, social recognition and object placement short‐term memory in ovariectomized female mice within a timescale of only 40 min following administration. The dorsal hippocampus is one critical site of rapid estrogenic effects. Estrogen receptors (ER) are located in the cell nucleus, cytoplasm and membrane. Membrane ERs alone can mediate the rapid facilitation of long‐term memory consolidation by estrogens. This study determined the role of membrane ERs in the rapid effects of 17‐β estradiol (E2) on short‐term memory within the dorsal hippocampus of ovariectomized mice. We infused E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA‐E2) that prevents it from crossing the cell membrane and found that the rapid facilitation by E2 of short‐term memory in the social recognition, object recognition and object placement tasks is mediated by membrane ERs, independently of intracellular receptors.
Safeguarding survival: Older persons with multiple chronic conditions' unplanned readmission experiences: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Coatsworth‐Puspoky Robin , Dahlke Sherry , Duggleby Wendy , Hunter Kathleen F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to create a holistic understanding of the psychosocial processes of older persons with multiple chronic conditions' experience with unplanned readmission experiences within 30 days of discharge home and identify factors influencing these psychosocial processes.DesignMixed methods systematic review.Data SourcesSix electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE (R) All 1946‐present, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO and Web of Science).Review MethodsPeer‐reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2021 and addressed study aims (n = 6116) were screened. Studies were categorised by method: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data synthesis used a meta‐synthesis approach and applied thematic analysis. Quantitative data synthesis used vote counting. Data (qualitative and quantitative) were integrated through aggregation and configuration.ResultsTen articles (n = 5 qualitative; n = 5 quantitative) were included. ‘Safeguarding survival’ described older persons' unplanned readmission experience. Older persons experienced three psychosocial processes: identifying missing pieces of care, reaching for lifelines and feeling unsafe. Factors influencing these psychosocial processes included chronic conditions and discharge diagnosis, increased assistance with functional needs, lack of discharge planning, lack of support, increased intensity of symptoms and previous hospital readmission experiences.ConclusionsOlder persons felt more unsafe as their symptoms increased in intensity and unmanageability. Unplanned readmission was an action older persons required to safeguard their recovery and survival.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurses play a critical role in assessing and addressing factors that influence older persons' unplanned readmission. Identifying older persons' knowledge about chronic conditions, discharge planning, support (caregivers and community services), changes in functional needs, intensity of symptoms and past readmission experiences may prepare older persons to cope with their return home. Focusing on their health‐care needs across the continuum of care (community, home and hospital) will mitigate the risks for unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge.Reporting MethodPRISMA guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution due to design.
Clinical practice guideline appraisal and algorithm development to identify recommendations related to nursing practice for post‐stroke dysphagia
Authors: Jiang Li , Zhang Wei , Qian Lan , Wang Cong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo assess the methodological quality of current clinical practice guidelines related to post‐stroke dysphagia and develop an algorithm using nursing process as a framework for clinical nursing.BackgroundDysphagia is a serious complication of stroke. Yet the recommendations related to nursing in guidelines have not been systematically sorted out, so they are difficult for nurses to use to guide clinical nursing practice.DesignSystematic review.MethodsA systematic review of literature was performed using the PRISMA Checklist. A systematic search for relevant guidelines published between 2017 and 2022 was conducted. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument was used to assess methodological quality. Recommendations related to nursing practice from high‐quality guidelines were summarised and developed into an algorithm to provide reference for the standardised construction of nursing practice scheme.Results991 records were initially identified from database searches and other sources. Finally, 10 guidelines were included, of which 5 were rated as high quality. A total of 27 recommendations from the 5 highest‐scoring guidelines were summarised and used to develop an algorithm.ConclusionsThis study indicated deficiencies and variability in current available guidelines. Based on five high‐quality guidelines, we developed an algorithm to facilitate nurses' adherence to guidelines and contribute to evidence‐based nursing. In the future, high‐quality guidelines, together with large‐sample and multi‐centre clinical researches are suggested to give more scientific and convincing evidence to nursing of post‐stroke dysphagia.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings indicate that nursing process may provide a unified framework for standardised nursing of different diseases. Nursing leaders are recommended to adopt this algorithm in their units. In addition, nursing administrators and educators should promote the application of nursing diagnosis to help nurses foster nursing thinking mode.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement in this review.
HIV‐related mortality in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A population‐based study
Authors: He Xinyuan , Lv Fan , Fox Marissa , Yeo Yee Hui , Zou Biyao , Liu Jinli , Zhao Yunyu , Zu Jian , Li Yan , Tang Weiming , Zhang Lei , Ji Fanpu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundUS progress toward ending the HIV epidemic was disrupted during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ObjectivesTo determine the impact of the pandemic on HIV‐related mortality and potential disparities.MethodsUsing data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States (US) Census Bureau, HIV‐related mortality data of decedents aged ≥25 years between 2012 and 2021 were analyzed. Excess HIV‐related mortality rates were estimated by determining the difference between observed and projected mortality rates during the pandemic. The trends of mortality were quantified with joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsOf the 79,725 deaths documented in adults aged 25 years and older between 2012 and 2021, a significant downward trend was noted in HIV‐related mortality rates before the pandemic, followed by a surge during the pandemic. The observed mortality rates were 18.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.1%–25.5%) and 25.4% (95%CI: 19.9%–30.4%) higher than the projected values in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Both of these percentages were higher than that in the general population in 2020 (16.4%, 95%CI: 14.9%–17.9%) and 2021 (19.8%, 95%CI: 18.0%–21.6%), respectively. Increased HIV‐related mortality was observed across all age subgroups, but those aged 25–44 years demonstrated the greatest relative increase and the lowest COVID‐19‐related deaths when compared to middle‐ and old‐aged decedents. Disparities were observed across racial/ethnic subgroups and geographic regions.ConclusionsThe pandemic led to a reversal in the attainments made to reduce the prevalence of HIV. Individuals living with HIV were disproportionately affected during the pandemic. Thoughtful policies are needed to address the disparity in excess HIV‐related mortality.
Antenatal depression risk under the NSW SAFE START Strategic Policy: Who is missing out on universal screening?
Authors: Dong Vanessa , Montgomery Alicia , Adily Pejman , Eastwood John 
Published: April 2023

AimTo examine antenatal depression risk screening coverage under the NSW SAFE START Strategic Policy and to explore maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with under‐screening.MethodsCompletion rates for the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) were examined in a retrospective dataset of routinely collected antenatal care data including all women who birthed at public health facilities in Sydney Local Health District from 1 October 2019 to 6 August 2020. Potential sociodemographic/clinical factors associated with under‐screening were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Free‐text responses regarding reasons for EDS non‐completion were examined using qualitative thematic analysis techniques.ResultsA total of 4810 women (96.6%) in our sample (N = 4980) completed antenatal EDS screening; only 170 (3.4%) were not screened or lacked data to indicate that screening had occurred. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that women under certain models of antenatal care (public hospital care, private midwife/obstetrician or no formal care), non‐English speaking women who required an interpreter, and women whose smoking status during pregnancy was unknown had a higher odds of missing screening. The reasons for EDS non‐completion indicated in the electronic medical record revealed language and time/practical constraints to be the most commonly‐reported barriers.ConclusionsAntenatal EDS screening coverage was high in this sample. Refresher training for staff involved can emphasise the need to ensure appropriate screening for women who access shared care in external services (particularly private obstetric care). Additionally, at the service level, improved access to interpreter services and foreign language resources may help minimise EDS under‐screening for culturally and linguistically diverse families.
Sequential tariffs with increasing marginal costs
Authors: Choi Kangsik , Lim Seonyoung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines the superiority of the discriminatory and uniform tariff regimes under both simultaneous and sequential arrangements in terms of social and global welfare by considering asymmetrically increasing marginal costs among exporters. Under Cournot competition, the importing country has an incentive to manipulate the tariff structure using a sequential tariff arrangement, which implies that it prefers to impose tariff on a low‐cost exporter first and a high‐cost exporter later. Sequential discriminatory (uniform) tariffs can achieve Pareto superiority from the perspective of consumer surplus, and social and global welfare if product differentiation is low (high). It is mainly because high‐cost (low‐cost) exporters are handicapped (subsidized) under alternative tariff regimes. In contrast to previous research, our analysis suggests the possibility that preferences for tariff regimes will change in the same direction for consumer surplus, social welfare, and global welfare.
Indirect maternal effects via nest microbiome composition drive gut colonization in altricial chicks
Authors: Diez‐Méndez David , Bodawatta Kasun H. , Freiberga Inga , Klečková Irena , Jønsson Knud A. , Poulsen Michael , Sam Katerina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGut microbial communities are complex and heterogeneous and play critical roles for animal hosts. Early‐life disruptions to microbiome establishment can negatively impact host fitness and development. However, the consequences of such early‐life disruptions remain unknown in wild birds. To help fill this gap, we investigated the effect of continuous early‐life gut microbiome disruptions on the establishment and development of gut communities in wild Great tit (Parus major) and Blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings by applying antibiotics and probiotics. Treatment neither affected nestling growth nor their gut microbiome composition. Independent of treatment, nestling gut microbiomes of both species grouped by brood, which shared the highest numbers of bacterial taxa with both nest environment and their mother. Although fathers showed different gut communities than their nestlings and nests, they still contributed to structuring chick microbiomes. Lastly, we observed that the distance between nests increased inter‐brood microbiome dissimilarity, but only in Great tits, indicating that species‐specific foraging behaviour and/or microhabitat influence gut microbiomes. Overall, the strong maternal effect, driven by continuous recolonization from the nest environment and vertical transfer of microbes during feeding, appears to provide resilience towards early‐life disruptions in nestling gut microbiomes.
Ancient bears provide insights into Pleistocene ice age refugia in Southeast Alaska
Authors: da Silva Coelho Flavio Augusto , Gill Stephanie , Tomlin Crystal M. , Papavassiliou Marilena , Farley Sean D. , Cook Joseph A. , Sonsthagen Sarah A. , Sage George K. , Heaton Timothy H. , Talbot Sandra L. , Lindqvist Charlotte 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the Late Pleistocene, major parts of North America were periodically covered by ice sheets. However, there are still questions about whether ice‐free refugia were present in the Alexander Archipelago along the Southeast (SE) Alaska coast during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Numerous subfossils have been recovered from caves in SE Alaska, including American black (Ursus americanus) and brown (U. arctos) bears, which today are found in the Alexander Archipelago but are genetically distinct from mainland bear populations. Hence, these bear species offer an ideal system to investigate long‐term occupation, potential refugial survival and lineage turnover. Here, we present genetic analyses based on 99 new complete mitochondrial genomes from ancient and modern brown and black bears spanning the last ~45,000 years. Black bears form two SE Alaskan subclades, one preglacial and another postglacial, that diverged >100,000 years ago. All postglacial ancient brown bears are closely related to modern brown bears in the archipelago, while a single preglacial brown bear is found in a distantly related clade. A hiatus in the bear subfossil record around the LGM and the deep split of their pre‐ and postglacial subclades fail to support a hypothesis of continuous occupancy in SE Alaska throughout the LGM for either species. Our results are consistent with an absence of refugia along the SE Alaska coast, but indicate that vegetation quickly expanded after deglaciation, allowing bears to recolonize the area after a short‐lived LGM peak.