bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a cage‐side agglutination card for Dal blood typing in dogs
Authors: Véran Emilie , Blais Marie‐Claude 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough 98% of the canine population is Dal‐positive, Dal‐negative dogs are more common in some breeds such as Doberman Pinschers (42.4%) and Dalmatians (11.7%), and finding compatible blood for these breeds may be challenging, given limited access to Dal blood typing.ObjectivesTo validate a cage‐side agglutination card for Dal blood typing and determine the lowest packed cell volume (PCV threshold) at which interpretation remains accurate.AnimalsOne‐hundred fifty dogs, including 38 blood donors, 52 Doberman Pinschers, 23 Dalmatians and 37 anemic dogs. Three additional Dal‐positive canine blood donors were included to establish the PCV threshold.MethodsDal blood typing was performed on blood samples preserved in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) <48 hours using the cage‐side agglutination card and a gel column technique (gold standard). The PCV threshold was determined using plasma‐diluted blood samples. All results were read by 2 observers, blinded to each other's interpretation and to the sample's origin.ResultsInterobserver agreement was 98% and 100% using the card and gel column assays, respectively. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the cards were 86%‐87.6% and 96.6%‐100%, respectively, depending on the observer. However, 18 samples were mistyped using the agglutination cards (15/18 by both observers): 1 false‐positive (Doberman Pinscher), and 17 false‐negative samples including 13 anemic dogs (PCV range, 5%‐24%; median, 13%). The PCV threshold allowing reliable interpretation was determined to be >20%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDal agglutination cards are reliable as a cage‐side test, but results should be interpreted cautiously in severely anemic patients.
Australian soil microbiome: A first sightseeing regional prediction driven by cycles of soil temperature and pedogenic variations
Authors: Pino Vanessa , Fajardo Mario , McBratney Alex , Minasny Budiman , Wilson Neil , Baldock Chris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeclines in soil multifunctionality (e.gsoil capacity to provide food and energy) are closely related to changes in the soil microbiome (e.g., diversity) Determining ecological drivers promoting such microbiome changes is critical knowledge for protecting soil functions. However, soil‐microbe interactions are highly variable within environmental gradients and may not be consistent across studies. Here we propose that analysis of community dissimilarity (β‐diversity) is a valuable tool for overviewing soil microbiome spatiotemporal changes. Indeed, β‐diversity studies at larger scales (modelling and mapping) simplify complex multivariate interactions and refine our understanding of ecological drivers by also giving the possibility of expanding the environmental scenarios. This study represents the first spatial investigation of β‐diversity in the soil microbiome of New South Wales (800,642 km2), Australia. We used metabarcoding soil data (16S rRNA and ITS genes) as exact sequence variants (ASVs) and UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) as the distance metric. β‐Diversity maps (1000‐m resolution)—concordance correlations of 0.91–0.96 and 0.91–0.95 for bacteria and fungi, respectively—showed soil biome dissimilarities driven primarily by soil chemistry—pH and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC)—and cycles of soil temperature—land surface temperature (LST‐phase and LST‐amplitude). Regionally, the spatial patterns of microbes parallel the distribution of soil classes (e.g., Vertosols) beyond spatial distances and rainfall, for example. Soil classes can be valuable discriminants for monitoring approaches, for example pedogenons and pedophenons. Ultimately, cultivated soils exhibited lower richness due to declines in rare microbes which might compromise soil functions over time.
Does allowing access to electronic differential diagnosis support threaten the reliability of a licensing exam?
Authors: Sibbald Matthew , Pugh Debra , Sherbino Jonathan , Morin Maxim , Norman Geoffrey R. , Monteiro Sandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionNewer electronic differential diagnosis supports (EDSs) are efficient and effective at improving diagnostic skill. Although these supports are encouraged in practice, they are prohibited in medical licensing examinations. The purpose of this study is to determine how using an EDS impacts examinees' results when answering clinical diagnosis questions.MethodThe authors recruited 100 medical students from McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario) to answer 40 clinical diagnosis questions in a simulated examination in 2021. Of these, 50 were first‐year students and 50 were final‐year students. Participants from each year of study were randomised into one of two groups. During the survey, half of the students had access to Isabel (an EDS) and half did not. Differences were explored using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and reliability estimates were compared for each group.ResultsTest scores were higher for final‐year versus first‐year students (53 ± 13% versus 29 ± 10, p < 0.001) and higher with the use of EDS (44 ± 28% versus 36 ± 26%, p < 0.001). Students using the EDS took longer to complete the test (p < 0.001). Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) increased with EDS use among final‐year students but was reduced among first‐year students, although the effect was not significant. A similar pattern was noted in item discrimination, which was significant.ConclusionEDS use during diagnostic licensing style questions was associated with modest improvements in performance, increased discrimination in senior students and increased testing time. Given that clinicians have access to EDS in routine clinical practice, allowing EDS use for diagnostic questions would maintain ecological validity of testing while preserving important psychometric test characteristics.
Risk factors for progression of chronic kidney disease: An investigation in prepubertal children
Authors: van Biljon Gertruida , Meintjes Cornelius J. , Becker Piet J. , Karusseit Victor O. L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimPrevious studies on progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children have included older post‐pubertal subjects. This study attempted to evaluate risk factors for progression of CKD in pre‐pubertal children.MethodsAn observational study of children aged 2–10 years with an eGFR within the limits of >30 and <75 mL/min/1.73 m2 was performed. Presenting clinical and biochemical risk factors, as well as diagnosis, were analysed for their association with progression to kidney failure, time to kidney failure and for the rate of decline of kidney function.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐five children were studied of whom 42 (34%) had progressed to CKD stage 5 during the median period of follow up of 3.1 (IQR = 1.8–6) years. Hypertension, anaemia and acidosis at entry were associated with progression but they did not predict reaching the end point. Only glomerular disease, proteinuria and stage 4 kidney disease were independent predictors of kidney failure and the time to kidney failure. The rate of kidney function decline was greater in patients with glomerular than non‐glomerular disease.ConclusionsCommon modifiable risk factors, when present at initial evaluation, were not independently associated with CKD progression to kidney failure in prepubertal children. Only non‐modifiable risk factors and proteinuria predicted eventual stage 5 disease. The physiological changes of puberty may be the major precipitator of kidney failure during adolescence.
Physical intradialytic patient‐reported outcome measures in haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration: A cross‐over study
Authors: Wijngaarden Gertrude , Rootjes Paul A. , Nubé Menso J. , de Roij van Zuijdewijn Camiel L. M. , Grooteman Muriel P. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimStandard haemodialysis (sHD) is associated with a poor survival and marked adverse intradialytic patient‐reported outcome measures (ID‐PROMs). Whereas physical ID‐PROMs (PID‐PROMs) are alleviated by cool dialysate (cHD), survival is prolonged by haemodiafiltration (HDF). So far, PID‐PROMs are not prospectively compared between HD and HDF.MethodsTo assess whether PID‐PROMs and thermal perception differ between sHD, cHD, low volume HDF (lvHDF) and high volume HDF (hvHDF), 40 patients were cross‐over randomized to each modality for 2 weeks. Dialysate temperature (Td) was 36.5°C, except in cHD (Td 35.5°C). Target convection volumes were 15 L in lvHDF and ≥ 23 L in hvHDF. PID‐PROMs were evaluated with a modified Dialysis Symptom Index (mDSI) and thermal perception with the Visual Analogue Scale Thermal Perception (VAS‐TP). Tb and room temperature were measured as well.ResultsExcept for the item ‘feeling cold’ during cHD (p = .01), PID‐PROMs did not differ between modalities, but varied markedly between patients (11/13 items, p < .05). Tb increased in sHD, lvHDF, and hvHDF (+0.30, 0.35, 0.38°C, respectively, all p < .0005), but remained stable in cHD (+0.04°C, p = .43). Thermal perception remained unaltered in sHD and both HDF modalities, but shifted towards cold in cHD (p = .007).Conclusion(1) PID‐PROMs did not differ between modalities, but varied markedly between patients. Hence, PID‐PROMs are largely patient‐dependent. (2) While Tb increased in sHD, lvHDF and hvHDF, thermal perception did not change. Yet, whereas Tb remained unaltered in cHD, cold perception emerged. Hence, as for bothersome cold sensations, cHD should be avoided in perceptive individuals.
A false decrease in the automatically measured atrial pacing threshold when using the automatic pacing threshold adjustment algorithm
Authors: Ishihara Yu , Noma Takahisa , Takeuchi Masaki , Shimokawa Kohei , Shiraishi Yoji , Inoue Tomoko , Ohara Minako , Ishikawa Kaori , Minamino Tetsuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutomatic pacing threshold adjustment algorithms and remote monitoring are widely used to improve the utility of pacemakers and ensure patient safety. However, healthcare providers involved in the management of permanent pacemakers should know the potential pitfalls of these functions. In this report, we present a case of atrial pacing failure induced by the automatic pacing threshold adjustment algorithm that went unnoticed even under remote monitoring.
New approach to undergraduate quality improvement
Authors: Robertson Callum , Smith Keenan , McGowan Andrew , Sammut Thomas , Boyle James G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile quality improvement (QI) is an essential component to modern day clinical practice, some foundation doctors fail to engage. This is compounded by a lack of formalised undergraduate QI teaching. We trial an undergraduate active learning workshop and evaluate it using a concurrent triangulation mixed methods design.ApproachWe constructed a 2‐hour interactive QI workshop utilising near‐peer educators for third year undergraduate medical students. Our workshop demonstrated an exemplary project and a template featuring evidenced‐based QI tools to grasp key concepts. Informal support was provided for student QI projects, undertaken in small peer groups. Utility was assessed using linked pre‐and‐post event questionnaires with Likert scales, free text thematic analysis and project completion rates.EvaluationWe recruited 74 students to attend our workshops delivered over 3 months. We achieved high event satisfaction and significant improvements on baseline confidence. Free text comments suggested students perceive QI as an important part of the undergraduate curriculum, described barriers to engagement and the value they place on project autonomy. The workshop eased student feelings of anxiety and intimidation regarding change ideas. Nine projects were completed with one winning a poster prize at a regional conference.ImplicationsWe demonstrate a popular resource light model that can be scaled up to a variety of centres. Targeting QI teaching at the undergraduate level may be instrumental in developing QI culture in health care systems and address barriers to postgraduate involvement. Our study furthers the understanding of undergraduate students' perspectives of QI and demand for further sessions.
Deregulation of ζ‐carotene desaturase in Arabidopsis and tomato exposes a unique carotenoid‐derived redundant regulation of floral meristem identity and function
Authors: McQuinn Ryan P. , Leroux Julie , Sierra Julio , Escobar‐Tovar Lina , Frusciante Sarah , Finnegan E. Jean , Diretto Gianfranco , Giuliano Giovanni , Giovannoni James J. , León Patricia , Pogson Barry J. 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYA level of redundancy and interplay among the transcriptional regulators of floral development safeguards a plant's reproductive success and ensures crop production. In the present study, an additional layer of complexity in the regulation of floral meristem (FM) identity and flower development is elucidated linking carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolism to the regulation of determinate flowering. The accumulation and subsequent cleavage of a diverse array of ζ‐carotenes in the chloroplast biogenesis 5 (clb5) mutant of Arabidopsis results in the reprogramming of meristematic gene regulatory networks establishing FM identity mirroring that of the FM identity master regulator, APETALA1 (AP1). The immediate transition to floral development in clb5 requires long photoperiods in a GIGANTEA‐independent manner, whereas AP1 is essential for the floral organ development of clb5. The elucidation of this link between carotenoid metabolism and floral development translates to tomato exposing a regulation of FM identity redundant to and initiated by AP1 and proposed to be dependent on the E class floral initiation and organ identity regulator, SEPALLATA3 (SEP3).
A novel quantitative method to evaluate the contribution of platelet products to white thrombus formation in reconstituted blood under flow conditions
Authors: Fuchizaki Akihiro , Yasui Kazuta , Hayashi Tomoya , Tanaka Mitsunobu , Nagasato Tomoka , Ohnishi‐Wada Tomoko , Hosokawa Kazuya , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Shimogaki Kazushige , Hirayama Fumiya , Takihara Yoshihiro , Kimura Takafumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCurrently, the quality of platelet (PLT) products is evaluated using a series of in vitro tests, which only analyse PLTs as an inspection material. However, it would be ideal to assess the physiological functions of PLTs under conditions similar to the sequential blood haemostatic process. In this study, we attempted to establish an in vitro system where the thrombogenicity of PLT products was evaluated in the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma using a microchamber under constant shear stress (600/s).Materials and MethodsBlood samples were reconstituted by mixing PLT products, standard human plasma (SHP) and standard RBCs. Each component was serially diluted keeping the other two components fixed. The samples were applied onto a flow chamber system (Total Thrombus‐formation Analysis System [T‐TAS]), and white thrombus formation (WTF) was assessed under large arterial shear conditions.ResultsWe observed a good correlation between the PLT numbers in the test samples and WTF. The WTF of samples containing ≦10% SHP was significantly lower than those containing ≧40% SHP, and no difference was observed in WTF among samples containing 40%–100% SHP. WTF significantly declined in the absence of RBCs, whereas no change in WTF was observed in the presence of RBCs, over haematocrit range of 12.5%–50%.ConclusionThe WTF assessed on the T‐TAS using reconstituted blood may serve as a new physiological blood thrombus test to quantitatively determine the quality of PLT products.
Concise review of non‐invasive physical plasma as a promising treatment option for radiation injuries of the skin
Authors: Dejonckheere Cas Stefaan , Schmeel Leonard Christopher , Stope Matthias Bernhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRadiation injury has a complex pathophysiology and can result in long‐term impediment of the dermal barrier function. Historically, its treatment has been no different to that of thermal burns and it is not always possible to prevent an unpredictable and uncontrolled extension of the radiation‐induced reactions. Non‐invasive physical plasma (NIPP), a highly energised gas encompassing a combination of various reactive species, positively affects the key players involved in wound healing and proves to be a promising treatment option for chronic wounds and inflammatory skin disorders. Recent clinical evidence also suggests preliminary efficacy in radiation injury following therapeutic irradiation as a part of cancer therapy. Further research is warranted to also investigate the clinical value of NIPP in the context of unplanned or accidental radiation exposure, either as a topical treatment or possibly as an intraoperative procedure, to potentially improve the dermatological outcome and reduce symptoms in radiation victims.
Morphine‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice requires δ receptors, β‐arrestin2, and c‐Src activity
Authors: Singleton Samuel , Hales Tim G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMorphine diminishes pain, but its long‐term use is compromised by tolerance and hyperalgesia. Studies implicate δ receptors, β‐arrestin2 and Src kinase in tolerance. We examined whether these proteins are also involved in morphine‐induced hypersensitivity (MIH). A common pathway for tolerance and hypersensitivity may provide a single target to guide improved analgesic approaches. We examined mechanical sensitivity using automated von Frey in wild‐type (WT) and transgenic male and female C57Bl/6 mice before and after hind paw inflammation by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). CFA‐evoked hypersensitivity ceased on day 7 in WT but persisted for the 15‐day testing period in μ−/−. Recovery was delayed until day 13 in δ−/−. We explored the expression of opioid genes in the spinal cord using quantitative RT‐PCR. Restoration to basal sensitivity in WT occurred with increased δ expression. By contrast, κ expression was reduced, while μ remained unchanged. Daily morphine reduced hypersensitivity in WT on day 3 compared to controls; however, hypersensitivity recurred on day 9 and beyond. By contrast, WT had no recurrence of hypersensitivity in the absence of daily morphine. We used β‐arrestin2−/−, δ−/− and Src inhibition by dasatinib in WT to establish whether these approaches, which diminish tolerance, also attenuate MIH. While none of these approaches affected CFA‐evoked inflammation or acute hypersensitivity, all caused sustained morphine anti‐hypersensitivity, abolishing MIH. Like morphine tolerance, MIH in this model requires δ receptors, β‐arrestin2 and Src activity. Our findings suggest that MIH is caused by a tolerance‐induced reduction in endogenous opioid signalling.
imageKey points
Morphine is effective for treating severe acute pain, but tolerance and hypersensitivity often develop during its use in treating chronic pain.
It is unclear whether these detrimental effects share similar mechanisms; if so, it might be possible to develop a single approach to minimise both phenomena.
Mice deficient in μ receptors, δ receptors or β‐arrestin2 and wild type mice treated with the Src inhibitor dasatinib exhibit negligible morphine tolerance.
We show that these same approaches also prevent the development of morphine‐induced hypersensitivity during persistent inflammation.
This knowledge identifies strategies, such as the use of Src inhibitors, which may mitigate tolerance and morphine induced hyperalgesia.
A Numerical Analysis of Radio Frequency Heating of Coal With Different Ranks
Authors: Liu Rui , Dong Xuelin , Gao Deli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRadio frequency (RF) heating is a novel thermal stimulation method in developing coalbed methane (CBM). Various research has been conducted on the effect of electromagnetic (EM) heating on the physical properties of coal. However, few studies considered the working conditions of underground coal seam heating. This paper calculates the coal seam temperature distribution based on the coupling between electromagnetic wave propagation and heat transfer in a vertical well to study the influence of coal seam metamorphism and thermoelectric characteristics on temperature distribution. The reservoir thermophysical parameters related to temperature are considered in the heat transfer and wave equations, respectively. Numerical simulations reveal the influence of coal ranks and thermo-electrical properties on heating efficacy. Results indicate that the temperature in the vicinity of the RF heater is relatively high, and the whole heated zone forms an elliptical shape. Low-metamorphism coal, such as lignite, is more functional for RF heating and has a broad heating range, leading to a uniform diffusion coefficient enhancement and good thermal homogeneity. Higher thermal conductivity, lower specific heat capacity, and water saturation can expand the heating area and reduce the temperature near the borehole, benefiting the maintenance of wellbore integrity. The coal seam relative permittivity has little effect on the reservoir temperature when its value is between 2.4 and 6.4.
Speed-Related Abilities Are Similarly Improved After Sled Training Under Different Magnitudes of Velocity Loss in Highly Trained Soccer Players
Authors: Grazioli Rafael , Loturco Irineu , Veeck Filipe , Setuain Igor , Zandavalli Laura A. , Inácio Martinho , Pinto Ronei S. , Cadore Eduardo L. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: We examined the effects of two 8-week resisted-sprint training programs under different magnitudes of velocity loss (VL) on the speed-related performance of highly trained soccer players. Methods: Twenty-one soccer players (age: 25.9 [5.4] y) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: (1) the “moderate-load group,” players who trained with sled loads that induced 15%VL relative to unloaded sprint velocity (n = 11); and (2) the “heavy-load group,” players who trained with sled loads that induced 40% VL relative to unloaded sprint velocity (n = 10). Linear sprint (10 m), curve sprint, change-of-direction speed, resisted-sprint performance at 15% VL and 40% VL, and vertical jumping ability were tested pretraining and posttraining. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for differences between groups. In addition, percentage changes were calculated for speed-related abilities and compared with their respective coefficients of variation to determine whether individual changes in performance were greater than the test variance (ie, “true change”). Results: A main effect of time was detected for 10-m sprint, curve sprint, change-of-direction speed, and 15% VL and 40% VL resisted-sprint times, with significant decreases in sprint times (P = .003, P = .004, P = .05, P = .036, and P = .019, respectively). Jump variables did not change significantly over time. There were no group-by-time interactions for any tested variable (P > .05), but the “true change” analysis revealed meaningful individual changes in both groups. Conclusions: Both moderate- and heavy-sled loading conditions may optimize the development of speed-related abilities in highly trained soccer players. Nevertheless, resisted-sprint training responses may differ meaningfully when assessed on an individual basis.