bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensified Induction Therapy for Newly Diagnosed, Localized Skeletal Ewing Sarcoma (ISG/AIEOP EW‐1): A Randomized, Open‐Label, Phase 3, Non‐Inferiority Trial
Authors: Luksch Roberto , Palmerini Emanuela , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Paioli Anna , Asaftei Sebastian , Barretta Francesco , Puma Nadia , Cesari Marilena , Tirtei Elisa , Podda Marta , Pierobon Marta , Manzitti Carla , Ferraresi Virginia , Tamburini Angela , Bertulli Rossella , Di Pinto Daniela , Mascarin Maurizio , Grignani Giovanni , Coccoli Luca , Rabusin Marco , De Leonardis Francesco , Gambarotti Marco , Parafioriti Antonina , Cammelli Silvia , Vennarini Sabina , Ferrari Stefano , Donati Davide Maria , Bastoni Stefano , Massimino Maura , Fagioli Franca , Ibrahim Toni 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeveral studies have shown that the intensity of treatment in Ewing sarcoma has an impact on outcome. The present trial tested the non‐inferiority of intensive, shorter, induction chemotherapy (25 weeks total treatment time) compared to the standard treatment (37 weeks) in non‐metastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES) at onset.ProcedureThis national, multicenter, parallel, randomized, controlled, open‐label, non‐inferiority, phase III trial was conducted in 14 specialized hospitals in Italy. Patients aged 2‐40 years with newly diagnosed localized ES were randomized to receive four courses of induction therapy (one every 21 days) either with a standard arm (Arm A) or with an intensive arm (Arm B). For consolidation therapy, good responders (GRs) in Arm A received nine courses (37 weeks), while Arm B patients received five courses (25 weeks). Poor responders for both arms received four courses followed by high‐dose busulfan/melphalan + autologous stem cell rescue. Follow‐up was 5 years.ResultsIn the study period 2009–2018, 274 patients with ES at onset were screened, 248 were eligible, 15 refused randomization, and 233 were randomized (Arm A: 113; Arm B: 120). Median age was 14 years. Arm B was not inferior to Arm A: 5‐year EFS was 77.5% and 71.6%, respectively (HR vs. Arm A: 0.74, 90% CI: 0.49–1.14). GRs were 54.9% in Arm A and 62.5% in Arm B. Hematological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular Grade ≥3 toxicities had higher frequencies in Arm B.ConclusionsIntensive induction therapy showed non‐inferiority in 5‐year EFS when compared with the standard induction therapy. Higher toxicity was reported in Arm B with similar outcome, counterbalanced in GRs with a shorter treatment plan. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02063022.
The Utility and Impact of Telemedicine in Childhood Cancer Care: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ganguly Shuvadeep , Sasi Archana , Sra Manraj Singh , Sharma Swetambri , Sharma Shubhangi , Kumari Mamta , Pushpam Deepam , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile teleconsultation has proven feasible for adult cancer patients, its utility in childhood cancer care in India is unknown. This study assesses caregiver satisfaction, feasibility, and the economic impact of teleconsultation for children with cancer.ProcedureThis mixed methods study was conducted in the pediatric cancer outpatient service at a tertiary care cancer center in India. Routine care teleconsultations were performed via telephone or email. Caregivers who received teleconsultations during the study period or 6 months prior were interviewed by phone. Data collected included demographic details, teleconsultation usage patterns, caregiver satisfaction, reasons for satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and cost savings. Logistic regression identified baseline characteristics associated with satisfaction. In‐depth interviews were conducted in a separate cohort till thematic saturation.ResultsCaregivers of 465 children were included for telephonic and eight for in‐depth interviews Among the respondents, 72.8% (n = 339) were satisfied with teleconsultation, and 85.4% (n = 397) of those planned to continue using it. Significant reasons for satisfaction were cost and time savings, while difficulty explaining issues caused dissatisfaction. Multivariable analysis showed parental education above high school [OR: 1.59, p = 0.035] increased satisfaction likelihood, while a residential distance of greater than 100 km from the hospital [OR: 0.62, p = 0.033] decreased it. Median cost savings per visit was $24.2 (range: $1–$846). Cost savings did not determine satisfaction magnitude. Frequently cited themes included cost and time savings and the need for literacy to benefit from teleconsultation.ConclusionsTeleconsultation is feasible and effective for routine childhood cancer care, even in resource‐constrained settings.
Structural upcycling of thermoplastic composite recyclates through continuous fiber printed preforms
Authors: Kim Garam , Barocio Eduardo , Choi Sungjun , Eichenhofer Martin , Kalman Jordan , Pipes R. Byron 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo enhance the structural characteristics of recycled composites, this paper demonstrates a process that incorporates additively manufactured continuous fiber preforms in a geometry that is compression molded with recyclates. The continuous fiber preform is designed to serve as the primary structural reinforcement whereas the recycled material serves as a secondary reinforcement in the composite part. Continuous fiber preforms were manufactured with 60% by volume of carbon fiber‐reinforced Poly Ether Ketone Ketone (PEKK) using Additive Fusion Technology (AFT) with account for reshaping during the molding process and ensure the continuous fiber is located where required. The performance of the upcycled composite pin bracket was evaluated by analyzing the onset of failure and the ultimate load under tensile loading of the bracket. The results demonstrated the potential of this upcycling method to enhance the structural characteristics of recycled composite materials and compensate for the loss of structural characteristics associated with fiber attrition.Highlights
Continuous carbon fiber PEEK composite preforms were additively manufactured.
Preforms (17% by weight) were integrated into the recycled composite part.
The upcycled part showed significantly increased structural performance.
Ultimate failure load improved by 57%–61% in the upcycled composite part.
Onset failure load improved by 100% in the upcycled composite part.
Effect of ε‐polylysine on properties of chitosan‐anthocyanin films for food packaging
Authors: Li Yana , Qi Yangyang , Ahmad Faseeh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, the chitosan (CS) was combined with purple tomato anthocyanin (ATH) and ε‐polylysine (PL) to prepare CS/ATH/PL films with PL concentrations of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, or 7%. In which, ATH and PL were used as the pH indicator and the antimicrobial agent, respectively. The effect of PL content on the physiochemical properties of CS/ATH/PL films, as well as the application in pork packaging, was investigated. Adding PL improved the color stability of ATH in the films. For instance, at 40°C, the retention index of ATH increased from 82.13% (for CS/ATH/0%‐PL) to 91.01% (for CS/ATH/7%‐PL); under UV radiation, it increased from 62.56% (for CS/ATH/0%‐PL) to 88.23% (for CS/ATH/7%‐PL). The doped PL significantly improved the elongation at break, antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and barrier properties against water vapor, while PL had no significant effect on the water content of the films. Compared with the control, the pH, total viable count (TVC), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) of pork packaged by CS/ATH/PL films were effectively delayed during storage. The CS/ATH/7%‐PL film had the best preservative effect on the pork, and the most significant visual color change for monitoring the pork freshness on 0–4 days. Therefore, the CS/ATH/PL films with higher content of PL content have potential application prospects in active and intelligent packaging.Highlights
ε‐Polylysine (PL) improved the color stability of anthocyanins in chitosan‐based films.
Barrier, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of films increased with PL content.
PL‐7% films are promising for active and intelligent packaging for pork.
Cotton production areas are at high risk of invasion by Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera): potential distribution under climate change
Authors: Azrag Abdelmutalab AG , Niassy Saliou , Bloukounon‐Goubalan Adin Y , Abdel‐Rahman Elfatih M , Tonnang Henri EZ , Mohamed Samira A 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton jassid, Amrasca biguttula, a dangerous and polyphagous pest, has recently invaded the Middle East, Africa and South America, raising concerns about the future of cotton and other food crops including okra, eggplant and potato. However, its potential distribution remains largely unknown, posing a challenge in developing effective phytosanitary strategies. We used an ensemble model of six machine‐learning algorithms including random forest, maxent, support vector machines, classification and regression tree, generalized linear model and boosted regression trees to forecast the potential distribution of A. biguttula in the present and future using presence records of the pest and bioclimatic predictors. The accuracy of these algorithms was assessed based on the area under the curve (AUC), correlation (COR), deviance and true skill statistic (TSS).RESULTSAll algorithms showed good performance in forecasting the distribution of A. biguttula (AUC ≥ 0.91, COR ≥ 0.72, TSS ≥ 0.77 and deviance ≤ 0.65). Mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of driest quarter and precipitation of the wettest month were the key variables that contributed to predicting A. biguttula occurrence. Projection of the model showed that cotton production areas in Asia, sub‐Saharan Africa, and South America are at threat of invasion by A. biguttula under the current climatic scenario. Additionally, range expansion for A. biguttula is projected in the future in sub‐Saharan Africa, South America and China, indicating a suitable ecological niche for A. biguttula to thrive.CONCLUSIONOur results provide early warning and decision‐making information that can guide efforts to prevent this pest's further spread and invasion into new areas. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Special Issue: Scientific Advances in River Restoration
Authors: Prady Jane , Austin Sam , Dodd Jennifer , White James , Wilkes Martin , Naura Marc 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn September 2023, the River Restoration Centre (RRC) hosted the inaugural Scientific Advances in River Restoration (SARR) conference in collaboration with the University of Liverpool, UK. As we confront the twin crises of climate change and biodiversity loss, this event underscored the importance of global collaboration among river restoration scientists to help inform evidence‐led solutions. Fluvial systems are particularly vulnerable to global climatic pressures, with droughts and floods exacerbating the impacts of human‐induced river modifications. River restoration is a crucial tool in addressing these pervasive challenges, capable of benefiting both people (e.g., flood mitigation, community engagement) and nature (e.g., ecological recovery, ecosystem functionality). The SARR conference aimed to unite scientists from various disciplines and countries, foster collaborations, and highlight new advancements to enhance global progress in river restoration science. This river restoration special issue features a diverse selection of papers presented at the SARR conference, showcasing the multidisciplinary nature of contemporary river restoration.
Sequence Outlier Detection and Application of Gated Recurrent Unit Autoencoder Gaussian Mixture Model Based on Various Loss Optimization
Authors: Xu Ting , Tian Yuzhu , Wu Chunho , Mian Zhibao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the era of big data, detecting outliers in time series data is crucial, particularly in fields such as finance and engineering. This article proposes a novel sequence outlier detection method based on the gated recurrent unit autoencoder with Gaussian mixture model (GRU‐AE‐GMM), which combines gated recurrent unit (GRU), autoencoder (AE), Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and optimization algorithms. The GRU captures long‐term dependencies within the sequence, while the AE measures sequence abnormality. Meanwhile, the GMM models the relationship between the original and reconstructed sequences, employing the Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation to calculate the likelihood of each hidden variable belonging to each Gaussian mixture component. In this article, we first train the model with mean‐squared error loss (MSEL), and then further enhanced by substituting it with quantile loss (QL), composite quantile loss (CQL), and Huber loss (HL), respectively. Next, we validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model through Monte Carlo experiments conducted under different error terms. Finally, the method is applied to Amazon stock data for 2022, demonstrating its significant potential for application in dynamic and unpredictable market environments.
Introducing the New ESG‐Based Sustainability Uncertainty Index (ESGUI)
Authors: Ongan Serdar , Gocer Ismet , Işık Cem 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRising uncertainties can affect countries' sustainability efforts. Therefore, this study develops and introduces a new ESG‐based sustainability uncertainty index (metric) called ESGUI for the first time. This new index is necessary to better analyze how uncertainties based on ESG (environmental, social, governance) factors, increasingly prominent in the modern business world, are reflected in investment processes. Accurate ESG risks are critical for investors and policymakers. To create this index, we employed text mining techniques on the Economist Intelligence Unit's monthly country reports, analyzing the frequency of ESG‐related keywords and uncertainty indicators. Specifically, the world uncertainty index was integrated into the ESG for 25 countries between 2002M11 and 2024M09. The index's reliability was validated through a vector autoregression model and cross‐referenced with control variables graphically. The findings indicate that the ESGUI exhibits significant correlations with existing measures such as the World Uncertainty Index (WUI) and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index, thus evidencing the index's robustness. This new index will help policymakers better manage sustainability uncertainties, develop sustainable economic policies, and help investors evaluate ESG‐related risks and opportunities more effectively.
Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Mediated 1,2‐Aryl Migration in 3‐Arylideneindolin‐2‐ones: A Route to 3‐Aryloxindole Derivatives
Authors: Walke Prashik M. , Narnawre Aditya R. , Shahani Karuna H. , Karade Nandkishor N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA new and effective metal‐free method for synthesizing 3‐aryloxindole derivatives through hypervalent iodine(III)‐mediated 1,2‐aryl migration in 3‐arylideneindolin‐2‐ones is presented in this study. The reaction utilizes (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (DIB) in methanol to trigger skeletal oxidative rearrangement, resulting in the formation of all‐carbon quaternary centers at the C3 position of oxindoles. This approach provides a mild and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional metal‐catalyzed processes, offering broad substrate tolerance. Furthermore, this method provides a valuable synthetic route for constructing biologically significant 3‐aryloxindole derivatives with potential pharmaceutical applications.
Statistical Reliability of Data‐Driven Science and Technology
Authors: Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the rapid development of AI and machine learning, the use of data‐driven approaches has been expanding across various fields of science and technology. In data‐driven approaches, unlike traditional scientific research and technological development, hypotheses are generated based on data, requiring the consideration of data dependency when evaluating hypotheses. As a result, conventional statistical tests, which have served as the foundation for reliability assessments in scientific research and technological development, are inadequate for properly evaluating the reliability of data‐driven hypotheses. In this paper, we introduce the framework known as selective inference, which has gained attention as a statistical reliability evaluation method for data‐driven science and technology. We provide an overview of recent research trends in selective inference and present our recent studies on statistical tests for deep learning models based on selective inference. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Data‐driven discovery of associations between prescribed drugs and dementia risk: A systematic review
Authors: Underwood Benjamin R. , Lourida Ilianna , Gong Jessica , Tamburin Stefano , Tang Eugene Yee Hing , Sidhom Emad , Tai Xin You , Betts Matthew J. , Ranson Janice M. , Zachariou Margarita , Olaleye Olajide E. , Das Saswati , Oxtoby Neil P. , Chen Shanquan , Llewellyn David J. ,   for the Deep Dementia Phenotyping (DEMON) Network
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent clinical trials on slowing dementia progression have led to renewed focus on finding safer, more effective treatments. One approach to identify plausible candidates is to assess whether existing medications for other conditions may affect dementia risk. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies adopting a data‐driven approach to investigate the association between a wide range of prescribed medications and dementia risk. We included 14 studies using administrative or medical records data for more than 130 million individuals and 1 million dementia cases. Despite inconsistencies in identifying specific drugs that may modify Alzheimer's or dementia risk, some themes emerged for drug classes with biological plausibility. Antimicrobials, vaccinations, and anti‐inflammatories were associated with reduced risk, while diabetes drugs, vitamins and supplements, and antipsychotics were associated with increased risk. We found conflicting evidence for antihypertensives and antidepressants. Drug repurposing for use in dementia is an urgent priority. Our findings offer a basis for prioritizing candidates and exploring underlying mechanisms.Highlights
We present a systematic review of studies reporting association between drugs prescribed for other conditions and risk of dementia including 139 million people and 1 million cases of dementia.
Our work supports some previously reported associations, for example, showing decreased risk of dementia with drugs to treat inflammatory disease and increased risk with antipsychotic treatment.
Antimicrobial treatment was perhaps more surprisingly associated with decreased risk, supportive of recent increased interest in this potential therapeutic avenue.
Our work should help prioritize drugs for entry into adaptive platform trials in Alzheimer's disease and will serve as a useful resource for those investigating drugs or classes of drugs and risk of dementia.
Cytoophidium complexes resonate with cell fates
Authors: Li Yi-Lan , Liu Ji-Long 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental characteristic of life. In 2010, we discovered that the metabolic enzyme CTP synthase (CTPS) can assemble a snake like structure inside cells, which we call the cytoophidium. Including CTPS, an increasing number of metabolic enzymes have been found to form cytoophidia in cells. However, the distribution and relationship among cytoophidia formed by different metabolic enzymes remain elusive. Here we investigate five metabolic enzymes that can form cytoophidia, namely Asn1, Bna5, CTPS (i.e. Ura7), Glt1, and Prs5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that multiple cytoophidia can be assembled into cytoophidium complexes by docking one after another. Glt1 cytoophidia tend to assemble in non-quiescent cells, while CTPS cytoophidia are more abundant in quiescent cells and form complexes with Prs5 and Asn1 cytoophidia. Blocking CTPS cytoophidium assembly can lead to a non-quiescent phenotype and increase the assembly of Glt1 cytoophidia, Bna5 cytoophidia, and a cytoophidium complex of them. Blocking CTPS cytoophidium assembly also inhibits the NAD biosynthesis pathway, which includes Bna5 and Sir2. Consistent with this result, the non-quiescent phenotype caused by blocking CTPS cytoophidium assembly can be rescued by blocking Glt1 cytoophidium assembly, supplementing nicotinic acid, or overexpressing Sir2. Our results indicate that the assembly of cytoophidium complexes with different compositions resonates with distinct cell fates.

Graphical Abstract
Tranexamic acid: single topical application for femoral neck fractures treated with arthroplasty results in lowest blood loss
Authors: Anna Kurnoth , Röttinger Timon , Lisitano Leonhard , Koenemann Nora , Förch Stefan , Mayr Edgar , Fenwick Annabel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Tranexamic acid is widely accepted for hip fractures but there is no agreement about dose or application method and the use is still off label for hip fractures. The aim of our study was to find the best application method of tranexamic acid in patients with femoral neck fractures comparing total blood loss, hemoglobin and transfusion rate.

Methods
A retrospective single centre cohort study (level I trauma centre) with 2008 patients treated operatively for a proximal femur fracture between January 2016 and January 2022 was performed. 1 g of tranexamic acid was applied in 314 cases (systemic, topic or combined application) if patients consented. Patient data, surgical procedure, complications, and mortality were assessed. Haemoglobin levels, blood loss and transfusion rates were compared amongst application methods.

Results
For 884 femoral neck fractures treated with arthroplasty blood loss was significantly reduced by tranexamic acid which 314 had received in total (1151.0 ml vs 738.28 ml; p < 0.001). 151 patients received 1 g of tranexamic acid systemically which reduced blood loss from 1151 to 943.25 ml. Combined application of 1 g i.v. and 1 g topically reduced blood loss even further to 869.79 ml and topical application achieved the lowest total blood loss at 391.59 ml (average reduction of 759.41 ml compared to without tranexamic acid), p < 0.001. Transfusion rate and amount of RBC units transfused were the lowest for topical use and showed the highest hemoglobin levels postoperatively. Complication rates did not differ for adverse vascular events.

Conclusion
Tranexamic acid effectively reduces blood loss and transfusion rates and shows higher hemoglobin levels postoperatively, without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events after proximal femoral fractures. Single topic application of 1 g for arthroplasty treatment of femoral neck fractures has better results for blood loss reduction than single i.v. or combined application.
In silico and in vitro evaluation of the potential genotoxic impurities of vildagliptin
Authors: Hamitoğlu Muhammed , Tugcu Gulcin , Kılıç Ayşe Gökçen , Esen Gülşah , Aydin Ahmet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Establishing the safety of impurities in drug substances or products is crucial. The assessment of genotoxicity for these impurities and determining the acceptable limits pose considerable challenges, as recognized in recent guidelines. While the genotoxicity profile of vildagliptin—an oral hypoglycemic drug—is well established, there is limited knowledge about the genotoxic potential of its impurities. In this study, vildagliptin cyclic amidine, vildagliptin diketopiperazine, and vildagliptin amide were assessed in silico and in vitro for mutagenic and clastogenic/aneugenic potential using Ames and micronucleus tests. None of the investigated impurities showed mutagenic or clastogenic potential, thus, are considered non-mutagenic and non-clastogenic/aneugenic in vitro. These findings are consistent with negative in silico predictions for mutagenicity and clastogenicity/aneugenicity in vitro, indicating a good correlation between in silico and in vitro data. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information for the safety assessment of vildagliptin, confirming that its impurities are neither clastogenic/aneugenic nor mutagenic.