bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Disappearing ‘Minimum Rights’ of Article 6 ECHR: the Unfortunate Legacy of Ibrahim and Beuze
Authors: Goss Ryan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article critiques the European Court of Human Rights’ recent extensive case law on the right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and particularly the right to legal assistance in criminal trials. The article examines the significant and ongoing impact of the judgments in Ibrahim (2016) and Beuze (2018) and argues that the recent case law reflects buyer’s remorse on the part of the Court for its landmark judgment in Salduz (2008). Article 6 is among the most heavily litigated provisions of the ECHR, and this article is the first extended scholarly analysis of the post-Beuze case law. The article identifies two interrelated trends in the most recent case law: first, the Court taking a number of analytical steps that allow it to overlook the text of Article 6(3) in favour of an impressionistic assessment of the overall fairness of the proceedings; and, second, the Court providing Governments with multiple opportunities to advance public interest justification arguments despite continued pronouncements that Article 6 is an unqualified right. The article suggests that the jurisprudence is weakening the Article 6 guarantees.
The role of local colleagues in establishing international scientific collaboration: Social capital in emerging science systems
Authors: Müller Moritz , Cowan Robin , Barnard Helena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
International collaborations are important for developing science systems. Using a dataset of South African university scientists, we ask whether social capital relevant to international collaboration held by one scientist spills over to local colleagues. Distinguishing between different ways of acquiring foreign ties, we find that 20% of our cases resemble the most-studied form of international collaborations, via the unique ties of an individual with specific characteristics, e.g., foreign research training. In all other cases, both personal and local peers’ international social capital is relevant for foreign tie formation. Underlining the systemic functioning of science, international social capital is activated through scientific collaboration among local scientists. The mediating effect of local scientific collaboration is present across all scientific fields and holds for scientists trained locally or abroad. Our findings thus imply that local collaboration is a relevant mechanism to strengthen international collaboration and the formation of international social capital.
The Dimension of Thurston’s Spine
Authors: Fortier Bourque Maxime 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe show that for every ${\varepsilon }&gt;0$, there exists some $g\geq 2$ such that the set of closed hyperbolic surfaces of genus $g$ whose systoles fill has dimension at least $(5-{\varepsilon }) g$. In particular, the dimension of this set—proposed as a spine for moduli space by Thurston—is larger than the virtual cohomological dimension of the mapping class group.
Computational phenotyping with the All of Us Research Program: identifying underrepresented people with HIV or at risk of HIV
Authors: Yang Xueying , Zhang Jiajia , Cai Ruilie , Liang Chen , Olatosi Bankole , Weissman Sharon , Li Xiaoming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to identify the people living with HIV (PWH) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users in the All of Us (AoU) database by integrating information from both electronic health record (EHR)- and self-reported survey data.

Methods
We identified PWH and PrEP users if they met the inclusion criterion by conditions, lab measurements, or medications related to HIV in EHR data or confirmed questions in the Survey data.

Results
We evaluated the latest data release through July 1, 2022 in AoU. Through computational phenotyping, we identified 4575 confirmed and 3092 probable adult PWH and 564 PrEP users. PWH was most identified by a combination of medications and conditions (3324, 43.4%) and drug exposure alone (2191, 28.6%), then less commonly by survey data alone (608, 7.9%) and lab alone (81, 1.1%).

Discussion and conclusion
Our methods serve as an overall framework for other researchers using AoU data for conducting HIV-related research.
A Simple UV Spectrophotometric Method Based on Continuous Wavelet Transform and Multivariate Calibration Model for the Concurrent Analysis of Three Water-Soluble Vitamins in Fertility Supplements
Authors: Lohrdy Mahla , Sohrabi Mahmoud Reza , Davallo Mehran 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Owing to the presence of overlapping spectra in pharmaceutical components, classical spectrophotometry is hard for concurrent determination. The advance of chemometrics along with UV-Vis spectrophotometry has contributed to solving this problem.

Objective
In this study, a fast, easy, precise, accurate, low-cost, and eco-friendly spectrophotometric technique was introduced and validated for the simultaneous analysis of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin C in fertility supplements for men and women using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and partial least squares (PLS) techniques without using time-consuming extraction process and organic solvents.

Method
In the CWT method, the zero-crossing technique was applied to obtain the optimum points for plotting calibration curves for each component. The validation of both methods was evaluated by analyzing several mixtures with different concentrations. The efficiency of the proposed methods was also surveyed on commercial capsules.

Results
Wavelet families, including Symlet (sym2) at 230, Biorthogonal (bior1.3) at 378 nm, and Daubechies (db2) at 261, were considered for vitamins B6, B12, and C, respectively. The linear range was found to be 8–20, 8–20, and 10–25 μg/mL with the coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.9982, 0.9978, and 0.9701 for B6, B12, and C, respectively. Low limit of detection (LOD) (&lt;0.09 μg/mL) and limit of quantification (LOQ) &lt;0.9 μg/mL were achieved. The mean recovery values in synthetic mixtures were from 98.38 to 98.89% and from 99.83 to 99.99%, where root-mean-square error (RMSE) of not more than 0.4 and 0.05 using the CWT and PLS methods, respectively.

Conclusions
The obtained results from the commercial capsules, applying the suggested techniques, were compared to those yielded by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. According to the results, there are no significant differences, and they were in good agreement. According to all the mentioned cases, the proposed approaches can replace the time-consuming and costly HPLC method in quality control laboratories.

Highlights
Green spectrophotometry coupling chemometrics methods were proposed. Simultaneous determination of three water-soluble vitamins in fertility supplements was done using these approaches. Rapidity, simplicity, low cost, and accuracy are the benefits of the proposed methods. A HPLC technique was used as a reference method to compare with the chemometrics methods.
Stability and Biosimilarity Assessment of Bevacizumab Monoclonal Antibody; Orthogonal Testing Protocol Coupled With Peptide Mapping–Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Abdelghaffar Sara H , Hegazy Maha A , Eltanany Basma M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Biologics are essential in cancer treatment because they stimulate the body’s natural response to fight cancer, but they are expensive. Biosimilars are more affordable compared to patent biologicals, but it must be verified that they are as effective as their innovators. Characterization of biosimilars and assessment of interchangeability requires many data points for verification.

Objective
The proposed study provides a quality assessment of two new bevacizumab (BVZ) biosimilars, produced by Amgen and Biocad, Inc., through the development and greenness assessment of an orthogonal testing protocol and purity indicating assay, including size-exclusion (SE-HPLC), reversed-phase (RP-HPLC), and cation exchange chromatography (CEX-HPLC) in addition to dynamic light scattering (DLS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

Methods
SE-HPLC method was performed and validated to screen the BVZ monomer and its aggregates and/or fragments. Peak purity and system suitability parameters were calculated. Results indicate that the orthogonal protocol is a useful tool for assessing monoclonal antibody stability. It is a key criterion for biosimilarity assessment. DLS and SDS-PAGE results were compared to each other to reveal close retention times and banding patterns between BVZ innovator and its biosimilars. These results showed that Avastin® and the investigated biosimilars have the same profile in terms of peak area of related compounds within the acceptance limit and apparent molecular weight, and the SDS-PAGE technique was found to be the most eco-friendly technique among others.

Conclusions
The results obtained highlighted the importance of assessing similarities and differences in ensuring the biosimilarity and interchangeability of the studied products.

Highlights
BVZ is one of the essential monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). BVZ biosimilars were evaluated by developing an orthogonal testing protocol and a purity-indicating assay. The size-exclusion (SE)-HPLC method was applied and validated to monitor the BVZ monomer and its aggregates. The results demonstrated the importance of assessing the stability and biosimilarity of BVZ.
Spontaneous epiglottic abscess: pathophysiology and airway management options
Authors: Alotaibi Fahad Z 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Laryngeal abscesses are rare in the modern antibiotic era. This report presents a novel case of an epiglottic abscess in a patient with diabetes who developed respiratory distress and was managed by awake intubation in the emergency room followed by transoral incision and drainage of the abscess and tracheostomy. Full recovery after 1 week of intravenous antibiotic treatment was observed. Surgical intervention is necessary for treatment and culture-directed antimicrobial therapy. Poorly controlled diabetes is a newly described risk factor for spontaneous epiglottic abscess development.
Analysis of Military–Civilian Patient Handoff at Vista Forge Multi-Agency Nuclear Disaster Exercise 2022
Authors: Davis Terri , Taubman Cara , Cheng Lenard , Pigeon Marc-Antoine , Storr Latoya , Nouaime Georgina , Shin Heejun , Vear Kathryn , Obernier Robert , Ciottone Gregory 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The leadership of Vista Forge 2022 requested evaluation of the handoff process between military assets and civilian emergency medical services (EMS) providers by the Beth Israel Deaconess Fellowship in Disaster Medicine (BIDMF). Vista Forge was a multi-agency military–civilian full-scale disaster exercise coordinated by the U.S. Military. The exercise, held in Atlanta, Georgia, simulated response to a nuclear bomb in an urban setting by military and civilian disaster teams.

Materials and Methods
BIDMF had several two-person teams who monitored handoff procedures between military assets after decontamination and civilian emergency medical services providers during the exercise evaluation.

Results
A verbal handoff between military and civilian entities was usually not done. Triage tags placed on mannequins before decontamination remained attached to the bodies and were sent with them to civilian hospitals. Triage tags were generic military forms without specific radiation or chemical exposure information. Not all decontamination groups had the same medical capabilities, and in a disaster it is unclear how these teams would manage medical emergencies.

Conclusions
Future studies should develop a standardized handoff procedure to be used in mass casualty situations, and trial it in future multi-agency disaster exercises. Radiation specific triage tags should be considered.
Return to Duty in Military Service Members Following Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion
Authors: Cognetti Daniel J , Anderson Kevin D , Handcox Jordan E , Jorgensen Anton Y 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
As the utilization of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion (SIJF) continues to expand, a better understanding of postoperative outcomes is needed, particularly in young and active individuals. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of this procedure in an active duty military population by examining return-to-duty (RTD) rates.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective review of the electronic medical record from a tertiary military medical center was performed for active duty service members undergoing SIJF from January 2013 to January 2019. The primary outcome measured was RTD at 6 months, with active duty status at 1 year, last follow-up, and revision surgery as secondary outcomes. Demographic and surgical variables recorded included patient age, gender, military rank, utilization of navigation, and implant type.

Results
Sixteen service members met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 40.5 ± 6.7 years. The mean follow-up after surgery was 24 ± 15 months. Patients received either cylindrical (n = 6) or triangular (n = 10) implants placed with (n = 6) or without (n = 10) navigation. Within 6 months of surgery, 56% of patients were able to RTD. Patients undergoing navigation-assisted procedures were significantly more likely to RTD at 6 months (100% vs. 30%, P = .011) compared to those undergoing surgery performed with orthogonal fluoroscopic imaging. Compared to those with cylindrical implants, patients with triangular implants were also more likely to RTD at 6 months (80% vs. 17%, P = .035).

Conclusions
Following SIJF, a small majority of service members were able to return to full active duty status by 6 months. Further studies are needed to assess the potential benefits of navigation and implant selection, as our retrospective review noted differences in outcomes based on these variables.
A novel EGFR variant EGFRx maintains glioblastoma stem cells through STAT5
Authors: Huang Wei , Li Jing , Zhu Hongtao , Qin Xuhui , Chen Chao , Wang Bing , Wei Jinxia , Song Yanyang , Lu Xia , Li Zhongyu , Xia Wenqing , He Aodi , Cheng Lidong , Yu Xingjiang , Shu Kai , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Glioblastomas are universally lethal brain tumors containing tumor-propagating glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). EGFR gene amplification or mutation is frequently detected in GBMs and is associated with poor prognosis. However, EGFR variants in GSCs and their role in the maintenance of GSCs and progression of GBM are unclear.

Methods
EGFR variants were detected through bioinformatic HISAT-StringTie-Ballgown pipeline and verified through 5ʹ RACE, RT-PCR, ribonuclease protection, and northern blotting assays. EGFRx function was investigated through neurosphere, cell viability, intracranial xenograft and RNA-seq assays. EGFRx-STAT5 signaling was investigated through western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter, RT-PCR and CUT&Tag assays.

Results
We identified a novel EGFR variant (EGFRx), that is specifically expressed in GSCs. Unlike the EGFRvIII variant, which lacks exons 2–7, EGFRx is characterized by the absence of exons 2–14, and encodes an EGFR protein that does not possess the entire extracellular ligand-binding domain. We observed that EGFRx exhibits significant glycosylation, is required for GSC self-renewal, proliferation, and tumorigenesis, and highly active in glioblastomas compared to normal brain tissue. Mechanistically, EGFRx constitutively and specifically activates STAT5 in GSCs through spontaneous asymmetric dimerization of the kinase domain.

Conclusions
EGFRx plays essential roles in the maintenance of the GSC phenotype through constitutive activation of STAT5 and promotes GBM progression, suggesting that EGFRx-STAT5 signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for GBM.
Bio-based materials for antimicrobial films in food applications: beyond the COVID-19 pandemic era
Authors: Perumal Pillai Bharath , Balasubramaniam Bhuvaneshwari , Gupta Raju Kumar , Tyagi Ankit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 has increased awareness of the need for best practices to prevent the transmission of virus diseases. Antimicrobial films have been employed in packaging food items to minimize the spread of foodborne illnesses. However, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the demand for novel antimicrobial materials to prepare packaging films to minimize the virus spread through food items during processing and transportation. Considering the environmental pollution caused by single-use plastics, the demand for biodegradable polymers for packaging films has also increased in the current pandemic. This review aims to outline emerging bio-based antimicrobial materials and their incorporation into biopolymers as carriers for antimicrobial films, highlighting their potential as effective measures in preparing for future pandemics.
Transient anxiety-and depression-like behaviors are linked to the depletion of Foxp3-expressing cells via inflammasome in the brain
Authors: Yang Eun-Jeong , Rahim Md Al , Griggs Elizabeth , Iban-Arias Ruth , Pasinetti Giulio Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is a transcription factor that influences functioning of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that modulate peripheral immune response. Treg-mediated innate immunity and Treg-mediated adaptive immunity are receiving considerable attention for their implication in mechanisms associated with anxiety and depression. Here, we demonstrated that depletion of Foxp3-expressing cells causally promotes transient anxiety- and depression-like behaviors associated with inflammasome activation in “depletion of regulatory T cell” (DEREG) mice. We found that restoration of Foxp3-expressing cells causally reverses neurobehavioral changes through alteration of innate immune responses as assessed by caspase-1 activity and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release in the hippocampal formation of DEREG mice. Moreover, we found that depletion of Foxp3-expressing cells induces a significant elevation of granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages in the blood, which are associated with transient expression of the matrix metalloprotease-9. Similarly, we found that depletion of Foxp3-expressing cells in 5xFAD, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), exhibits elevated activated caspase-1 and promotion of IL-1β secretion and increased the level of amyloid-beta (Aβ)1–42 and Aβ plaque burden in the hippocampal formation that coincided with an acceleration of cognitive decline at a presymptomatic age in the 5xFAD mice. Thus, our study provides evidence supporting the idea that Foxp3 may have a causal influence on peripheral immune responses. This, in turn, can promote an innate immune response within the brain, potentially leading to anxiety- and depression-like behaviors or cognitive decline.
High-Hanging Fruit: How Gender Bias Remains Entrenched in Performance Evaluations
Authors: Wynn Alison T , Carian Emily K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Organizations are increasingly engaging in concerted efforts to mitigate bias in processes such as performance evaluations. However, little research examines what makes bias easier for organizations to address through formal initiatives and what makes bias more resistant to such change. When organizations shed light on the biases embedded in a particular organizational process, where are interventions successful, and where do they fall short? Using a longitudinal sample of performance evaluations from an elite professional services firm, we find that managers have an easier time reducing gender differences in the way they view employees’ behaviors, as compared to the way managers value those behaviors. Managers successfully decreased gendered descriptions of personality and communication style. However, when we examine the relationship between language patterns and rating, we find that the same behaviors correspond with a different payoff for women and men. Our findings add to the literature on organizational change by identifying the successes and challenges of bias mitigation efforts aimed at training managers, and we contribute to research on status and stereotypes by identifying new pathways through which cultural ideas about gender impact the evaluation of employees.
Circulating Osteoprogenitor Cells Have a Mixed Immune and Mesenchymal Progenitor Function in Humans
Authors: Feehan Jack , Jacques Macsue , Kondrikov Dmitry , Eynon Nir , Wijeratne Tissa , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Gimble Jeffrey M , Hill William D , Duque Gustavo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Circulating osteoprogenitors (COP) are a population of cells in the peripheral circulation that possess functional and phenotypical characteristics of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). This population has a solid potential to become an abundant, accessible, and replenishable source of MSCs with multiple potential clinical applications. However, a comprehensive functional characterization of COP cells is still required to test and fully develop their use in clinical settings.

Methods
This study characterized COP cells by comparing them to bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) through detailed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.

Results
We demonstrate that COP cells have a distinct gene and protein expression pattern with a significantly stronger immune footprint, likely owing to their hematopoietic lineage. In addition, regarding progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation pathways, COP cells have a similar expression pattern to BM-MSCs and ASCs.

Conclusion
COP cells are a unique but functionally similar population to BM-MSCs and ASCs, sharing their proliferation and differentiation capacity, thus presenting an accessible source of MSCs with strong potential for translational regenerative medicine strategies.