bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid bridgeless AC‐DC converter topology
Authors: Zakaria Ahmed , Abdelsalam Ibrahim , Marei Mostafa I. , Mashaly Hussein M. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryBridgeless ac‐dc converters are the optimal choice for many applications, as they offer many advantages such as low distorted supply current, high power factor, and improved efficiency. This paper presents a new topology for a single‐phase bridgeless ac‐dc converter. The proposed hybrid topology is based on integrating the inverting and non‐inverting buck‐boost dc‐dc converters that are connected to the ac supply through an LC filter. To insure sinusoidal supply current, the proposed hybrid bridgeless ac‐dc converter is operated in discontinuous current mode. The proposed converter has many merits, such as a reduced number of components, enhanced efficiency, and soft start‐up capability. The operation modes and design of the proposed converter are presented. In addition, a design method is proposed for the input LC filter to minimize the voltage stress across switches. Moreover, a small signal model for the proposed converter is developed. The proposed converter topology is simulated to evaluate the dynamic behavior and verify the accuracy of the presented small signal model. Furthermore, an 850 W prototype is developed to validate the features of the proposed converter experimentally. Tight voltage regulation, sinusoidal supply current, and near‐to‐unity power factor operation are observed from the results, regardless of supply or load disturbances.
Hydrophilic solvent recovery from switched‐on microdroplet dissolution
Authors: Billet Romain , Zeng Binglin , Wu Hongyan , Lockhart James , Gattrell Mike , Zhao Hongying , Zhang Xuehua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSwitchable hydrophilicity solvents (SHSs) are a unique class of chemical compounds that can be switched between their hydrophobic and hydrophilic forms. The switchable characteristics allow SHSs to be used as emerging, green solvents for sustainable extraction and separation technology. In the production of polymeric microparticles from recycled plastics, SHSs are used to dissolve the polymer and then are switched to the hydrophilic form for separation from the generated polymeric microparticles. However, it is extremely difficult to fully recover the SHS residue from the mixtures. In this work, we will identify the key parameters that determine the level of the solvent residue during the switched‐on dissolution of emulsion microdroplets. The SHS N,N‐dimethylcyclohexylamine from solvent–polymer binary emulsion droplets was switched to the hydrophilic, water‐soluble form, triggered by addition of an acid in the surrounding aqueous phase. By applying a sensitive detection method developed in this work, we compared the levels of SHS residue in polymer microparticles obtained under 30 different dynamical and chemical conditions for the switching processes. The quantitative analysis revealed that residue levels remained constant at varied addition rates and concentration of the trigger solution, but decreased with the increase in organic phase fractions or the decrease in the emulsion temperature. Trapped water in the drops during switched‐on dissolution may have contributed to the high level of solvent residue. The understanding of the new possible mechanism for residual solvent reported in this work may help develop effective approaches for the recovery of switchable solvents in environmentally friendly separation processes.
New insights into the interactions between two‐dimensional ice and two‐dimensional materials
Authors: Thi Quoc Huy , Zhao Jiong , Ly Thuc Hue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater is one of the most essential substances for life on Earth and plays a vital role in both natural and technological processes. Recently, there has been growing interest in studying the behavior of water molecules in confined spaces, particularly in low‐dimensional materials and structures. Regardless of whether it is in the form of gas, liquid, or solid, water can interact and form interfaces with many low‐dimensional structures. Given the current controversial understanding of two‐dimensional (2D) ice and the increasing interplay between water/ice and 2D materials such as graphene and transition‐metal dichalcogenides, we provide a brief overview of recent progresses on the interfaces of 2D ice and 2D van der Waals layered materials. This review highlights their potential contributions to the breakthroughs in tribology, membrane technology, nanofluidic, and nanodevice applications. Of particular interest is the recent discovery of ultrahigh lubricity between 2D ice and 2D layered materials, as well as the ability to modulate the surface adhesion between layers. These findings have the potential to enable new technological advances in both electronics and various industries. Meanwhile, this rapidly evolving field presents its own challenges, and we also discuss future directions for exploiting the interactions between 2D ice and 2D layered materials.
Efficient Synthesis of Fully Substituted and Diversely Functionalized Pyrazoles through p‐TSA Catalyzed One‐Pot Condensation of Cyclic β‐Diketones, Arylglyoxals and Arylhydrazones
Authors: Dhurey Arun , Mandal Subhro , Pramanik Animesh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component, and atom economic synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically important fully substituted and functionalized pyrazole derivatives has been accomplished under metal‐catalyst‐free benign conditions. The strategy involves early condensation of readily available cyclic β‐diketones (dimidone, 4‐hydroxycoumarin and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone) and arylglyoxals to generate a chalcone type intermediate which upon acid catalyzed condensation with ambident nucleophile arylhydrazones produces various aryl and cyclic β‐diketone substituted pyrazole derivatives. The synthesis embraces high functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, excellent yield of the products, short reaction time and operationally simple and mild reaction conditions. The synthesis provides an easy opportunity of incorporating biologically important N‐diarylsulfide/selenide functionality, various enolisable cyclic β‐diketones and other bioactive heterocycles concurrently to pyrazole, which may help in designing and development of pyrazole derivatives of pharmacological significance.
Three‐Dimensional Scaffolds for Light Emission
Authors: Xu Jiayi , Zhang Yahui , Wang Menghan , Gao Yu , Chen Haijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic fluorophores with highly efficient luminescence in both solution and solid states have attracted significant attention due to their ability to circumvent the limitations of aggregation‐caused quenching and aggregation‐induced emission type molecules. However, their development and wide‐range applications are hampered by extremely complex synthetic methodologies and limited frameworks with dual‐state emission (DSE) structural characteristics. In sharp contrast to the reported luminogens with big and planar π systems or highly conjugated and twisted structures, we discovered novel three‐dimensional scaffolds in one molecule to achieve DSE. These molecules allowing for rapid access showed completely different molecular packing manners from those of planar conjugated molecules and exhibited excellent optoelectronic properties with diminished intermolecular π−π stacking interactions due to steric hindrance. Our findings should open new avenues for designing DSE molecules with new frameworks, which will enable more successful development of dual‐state emitters for their broad applications in the future.
Unravelling fluvial versus glacial legacy controls on boulder‐bed river geomorphology for semi‐alluvial rivers in Fennoscandia
Authors: Mason Richard J. , Polvi Lina E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRiver management is founded on predictable self‐organisation between river form and catchment controls in alluvial rivers. However, a substantial proportion of rivers are not fully alluvial. In previously glaciated landscapes, boulder‐rich glacial till influences river channel form and process. Increasing interest in nature‐ and process‐based river restoration requires knowledge of pre‐disturbance natural processes, which does not exist for semi‐ and non‐alluvial rivers in Fennoscandia. We aimed to determine the role of Pleistocene glaciation and subsequent deglaciation versus Holocene fluvial processes in controlling channel form of boulder‐bed rivers in Fennoscandia. We quantified morphological characteristics of northern Swedish boulder‐bed rivers, in which channel morphology was minimally impacted by humans, and used the degree of alluvial signatures to infer fluvial and legacy glacial controls. We conducted surveys of reach‐scale channel geometry, boulder and wood distributions and catchment characteristics for 20 reference reaches (drainage area: 11–114 km2). Reaches ranged in slope from 1% to 8% and were extremely diverse in channel geometry. Rivers showed little self‐organisation at the reach scale; no association exists between channel width and channel slope or bed sediment size. Boulders were rarely clustered into bedforms (e.g., step‐pools) typical of boulder‐bed mountain rivers. Drainage area was positively correlated with channel capacity but not channel width, slope or sediment size. Channel boulder density was best predicted by surveys of terrestrial boulders. Consequently, channel geometry, boulder size and the distribution of boulders were primarily controlled by legacy glacial conditioning rather than current fluvial processes, with some alluvial adjustment of smaller particles within the boulder template. Therefore, restoration of semi‐alluvial rivers should take into account local sediment and geomorphic conditions rather than use management principles built for fully alluvial rivers.
Combination of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor array and solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for odour classification of brewed coffee
Authors: Hardoyono Fajar , Windhani Kikin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOdour analysis of coffee using low‐cost and portable instruments in coffee shops, restaurants and bars is essential to keep the loyalty of coffee consumers. This paper aimed to analyse the performance of a gas sensor array for odour classification of brewed coffee. Five grams of ground coffee sample from five different brands was brewed in 80 mL of hot water at a temperature of 90°C. The gas sensor array then measured the sensor's response to the brewed coffee odour. The recorded data were analysed using a principal component analysis (PCA), a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and a support vector machine (SVM). Solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC‐MS) was used to identify the five coffee samples' volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The visualisation of the PCA score plot shows that the gas sensor array efficiently classifies the brewed coffee based on different odours. The SVM classification using a polynomial kernel obtained an accuracy of 95.21% using training data sets and an accuracy of 96.94% using testing data sets. Meanwhile, for SVM classification using radial basis function kernel, the SVM obtained an accuracy of 100% for training data sets and 93.06% for testing data sets. The SPME‐GC‐MS analysis showed that the abundance of 2‐furanmethanol; 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinyl phenol; phenol, 4‐ethyl‐2‐methoxy‐ and acetic acid contributed to the separation of the first and the second clusters in the principal components coordinate. Based on data analysis, the gas sensor showed high performance as a low‐cost and portable instrument for odour analysis of coffee based on sensory technique.
The impact of undergoing surgical margin evaluation during endoscopic surgery for early‐stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gilja Shivee , Kumar Arvind , Vasan Vikram , Roof Scott A. , Genden Eric M. , Kirke Diana N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of evaluating versus not evaluating surgical margins for early‐stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not been evaluated.MethodsOverall survival was compared between patients who underwent endoscopic surgery for cT1‐2, N0, M0 LSCC and had surgical margins evaluated versus not evaluated versus unevaluable in the National Cancer Database (2010–2019) using multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyses.Results7597 patients met study eligibility criteria. 4123 (54.3%) patients underwent margin evaluation, 1631 (21.5%) did not undergo margin evaluation, and 1843 (24.3%) had unevaluable margins. Patients undergoing margin evaluation had better overall survival than patients who did not undergo margin evaluation (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–1.00, p = 0.044) and patients with unevaluable margins (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.98, p = 0.021). Patients undergoing margin evaluation received significantly less adjuvant radiation.ConclusionsSurgical margin evaluation is an important prognostic factor for patients receiving endoscopic surgery for early‐stage LSCC and should be conducted whenever possible.
Health‐related quality of life, functional outcomes, and complications after sentinel lymph node biopsy and elective neck dissection in early oral cancer: A systematic review
Authors: McDonald Christopher , Kent Samuel , Schache Andrew , Rogers Simon , Shaw Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundElective neck dissection improves survival in early oral cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may also do this with less morbidity. This systematic review compared health‐related quality of life, functional outcomes, and complications after sentinel lymph node biopsy and elective neck dissection in early oral cancer.MethodsPRISMA guidelines were followed. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria.ResultsResults favoring sentinel lymph node biopsy were found in complications, scar length and appearance, length of hospital stay, time to drain removal, and objective shoulder measures at timepoints up to 12 months. Where differences in health‐related quality of life were found, methodological issues make their clinical significance questionable.ConclusionsSentinel lymph node biopsy was associated with fewer complications and statistically better outcomes in a number of physical measures. There is as yet no strong evidence to suggest it is associated with better health‐related quality of life outcomes. While a number of health‐related quality of life outcome measures show promise, their interpretation is hampered by methodological concerns. Further rigorous research is required to address this.
Retroperitoneal capillary arteriovenous malformation mimicking a malignant neoplasm
Authors: Yanagida Kazuki , Kaneko Tomoyuki , Saito Koji , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Yamamoto Asako , Yamada Yukio , Nakagawa Tohru 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionRetroperitoneal tumors account for 0.2% of all neoplasms. Among these tumors, retroperitoneal vascular malformations are particularly rare, with most previously reported cases being venous malformations.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with a retroperitoneal tumor on abdominal computed tomography. The 27‐mm diameter tumor was located away from the right kidney and major vessels in the right perirenal adipose tissue. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed a heterogeneously enhanced tumor with well‐defined borders. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed rapid enhancement in the arterial phase and a progressive filling‐in pattern in the delayed phase. Although vascular malformation was suspected, a definitive diagnosis could not be established. The retroperitoneal tumor was excised laparoscopically for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, and the histopathological diagnosis confirmed it as a capillary arteriovenous malformation.ConclusionHerein, we presented a rare case of retroperitoneal capillary arteriovenous malformation that was difficult to definitively diagnose preoperatively.
Strategies for water productivity enhancement in maize—A comprehensive review
Authors: Ray Lala Iswari Prasad , Jyothi Kona Sai , Singh Aditya Kumar , Bharti Vijay , Pandey Pramod Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal crop produced globally after wheat and rice and provides the basic raw materials for starch, oil, protein, alcoholic beverages, food sweeteners and fuel. It is grown on an area of 201.98 Mha worldwide, with an average productivity of 5.75 t ha−1. Maize is mostly grown during the rainy season, but it performs better during the winter season with irrigation and resource conservation techniques. The average productivity of maize during the rainy and winter seasons is 4.3 and 6.2 t ha−1, respectively. The total production is as low as 2.7 Mt in Nepal to 362.78 Mt in the USA. Maize performs better under the furrow and drip irrigation methods, and the range of water requirements is between 425–789 and 351–685 mm, respectively. Plastic and straw mulching has enhanced irrigation water use efficiency up to 34.0–47.2 and 15.3–24.1 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively. The crop coefficients, Kc values, for maize crops ranges between 0.2 and 1.2. Of the different methods of irrigation, the drip irrigation method enhances the maize yield by 28% and plays a great role in corn yield. This paper discusses various strategies for enhancing global maize yield.
A quasi‐experimental study on the effectiveness of a standardized comprehensive sexuality education curriculum for primary school students
Authors: Wang Kai , Xu Shebe Siwei , Liu Zongchao , Wang Wen , Hee Jiayi , Tang Kun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the importance of sexuality education has been recognized, Chinese rural students have limited access to sexual and reproductive information. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized comprehensive sexuality education curriculum package featuring cartoon animation on sexuality‐related knowledge and skills, attitudes, and practices of primary school students.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study recruited 1725 students in grades 4–6 (aged 9–13) from eight primary schools sampled as school clusters in 2020 in China. Internet‐based questionnaires from three intervention schools' participants were collected after trained schoolteachers had conducted six 45‐min sexuality education sessions. We performed optimal full matching and treatment effects were estimated in the matched sample by outcome regression models that further adjusted the covariates.ResultsCompared with the control group, intervention group students achieved significantly higher scores by 3.35 out of 38 and 2.02 out of 34 in knowledge‐ and skill‐based tests and attitudinal tests, respectively. For the five self‐reported practices on genital care, the experimental group showed significantly better performance than the control group in genital hygiene, by 6.92%, 22.45%, and 30.66% higher rates in the overall prevalence of three proper practices of genital hygiene, with effect sizes larger for boys than girls.ConclusionsOur sexuality education package effectively improved primary school students' sexuality‐related knowledge, skills, attitudes, and hygiene practices. Our study suggests that the standardized curriculum package could be a promising approach to improving the quality and accessibility of sexuality education in underdeveloped rural China.
Lipid content evaluation of Drosophila tumour associated haemocytes through Third Harmonic Generation measurements
Authors: Mari Meropi , Voutyraki Chrysanthi , Zacharioudaki Eva , Delidakis Christos , Filippidis George 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNon‐linear microscopy is a powerful imaging tool to examine structural properties and subcellular processes of various biological samples. The competence of Third Harmonic Generation (THG) includes the label free imaging with diffraction‐limited resolution and three‐dimensional visualization with negligible phototoxicity effects. In this study, THG records and quantifies the lipid content of Drosophila haemocytes, upon encountering normal or tumorigenic neural cells, in correlation with their shape or their state. We show that the lipid accumulations of adult haemocytes are similar before and after encountering normal cells. In contrast, adult haemocytes prior to their interaction with cancer cells have a low lipid index, which increases while they are actively engaged in phagocytosis only to decrease again when haemocytes become exhausted. This dynamic change in the lipid accrual of haemocytes upon encountering tumour cells could potentially be a useful tool to assess the phagocytic capacity or activation state of tumour‐associated haemocytes.
Diabetes noninvasive diagnostics and monitoring through volatile biomarkers analysis in the exhaled breath using optical absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Kistenev Yury V. , Borisov Alexey V. , Zasedatel Vyacheslav S. , Spirina Liudmila V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe review is aimed on the analysis the abilities of noninvasive diagnostics and monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM‐associated complications through volatile molecular biomarkers detection in the exhaled breath. The specific biochemical reactions in the body of DM patients and their associations with volatile molecular biomarkers in the breath are considered. The applications of optical spectroscopy methods, including UV, IR, and terahertz spectroscopy for DM‐associated volatile molecular biomarkers measurements, are described. The applications of similar technique combined with machine learning methods in DM diagnostics using the profile of DM‐associated volatile molecular biomarkers in exhaled air or “pattern‐recognition” approach are discussed.
Temperature behavior modeling based on resilient BPNN for a GaAs pHEMT high gain MMIC PA
Authors: Lin Qian , Jia Li‐ning , Wu Hai‐feng , Wang Xiao‐zheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs the key component of transceiver, power amplifier (PA) plays an extremely important role in wireless communication system. In order to accurately characterize the performance variation of PA at any temperature, the temperature behavior of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) high gain monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) PA is modeled in this paper. In this modeling, the resilient back propagation neural network (BPNN) is utilized to do the temperature behavior modeling for this PA. The investigation shows that the minimum mean square error (MSE) of the prediction results is 4.9607 × 10−4, which implies that it is feasible to use this modeling method to characterize the temperature behavior of PA. This modeling not only theoretically overcomes the problem of slow convergence speed of BPNN, but also solves the limitation of experimental devices and time setting. It will provide a more convenient guidance for test engineers.