bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida
Authors: Murawski Allison , Fabrizio Thomas , Ossiboff Robert , Kackos Christina , Jeevan Trushar , Jones Jeremy , Kandeil Ahmed , Walker David , Turner Jasmine , Patton Christopher , Govorkova Elena , Hauck Helena , Mickey Suzanna , Barbeau Brittany , Bommineni Y Reddy , Torchetti Mia , Lantz Kristina , Kercher Lisa , Allison Andrew , Vogel Peter , Walsh Michael , Webby Richard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Since late 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (H5N1) lineage have continued to cause widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry in the United States. Concomitant with the spread of HPAI viruses in birds are increasing numbers of mammalian infections, including wild and captive mesocarnivores and carnivores with central nervous system involvement. Here we report the first known case of HPAI, A(H5N1) of clade 2.3.4.4b, in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from Florida, United States. Pathological findings included neuronal necrosis and inflammation of the brain and meninges, and quantitative real time RT-PCR revealed the brain carried the highest viral load of tissues tested. Virus isolated from the brain contained a S246N neuraminidase substitution which led to reduced inhibition by the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir. The increased prevalence of A(H5N1) viruses in atypical avian hosts and its cross-species transmission into mammalian species highlights the public health importance of continued disease surveillance and biosecurity protocols.
Metabolomics of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) antixenosis to the Mexican weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus Boh.)
Authors: Piedra Alexis Lamz , Jiménez-Galindo José Cruz , Olivas-Orozco Guadalupe Isela , Molina-Corral Francisco Javier , Florido-Bacallao Marilyn , Suris-Campos Moraima , Delgado-Oramas Belkis Peteira , Pino Jorge A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) is one of the main pests of storage beans, affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in tropical world regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate antixenosis of two P. vulgaris genotypes to Z. subfasciatus and the emission of volatile compounds from seeds of these genotypes. Antixenosis in adults and oviposition was evaluated using the obligate antibiosis test, on ‘G11051’ and ‘ICA Pijao’ genotypes of common bean to Z. subfasciatus. The volatile compounds of their seeds related to antixenosis were also evaluated. The number of adult insects away from seeds, the percentage of eggs in seeds and the container and the number of total eggs were counted. The presence of volatile compounds was determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Genotype ‘G11051’ showed higher adult antixenosis (80 % non-preference) and antixenosis by oviposition on their seeds than ‘ICA Pijao’ genotype which showed only 11 % repellency. Significant statistical differences were found in the volatile compounds detected. ‘G11051’ showed 65 compounds and 22 specific to this genotype, while in ‘ICA Pijao’, 53 compounds were detected, eight of which were specific to this genotype. Of these, dimethyl disulfide, limonene, (E)-2-hexenal and hexanal showed known antixenotic activity.
Effectiveness and safety of digital rectal stimulation and abdominal massage for neurogenic bowel dysfunction in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Ma Sumin , Fan Xiaoyan , Li Chengjuan , Man Yanli , Qu Dandan , He Ying 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is a prevalent complication among stroke patients, significantly affecting their quality of life, hospitalization duration, medical expenses, and even mortality. Although current guidelines suggest a conservative approach to managing bowel dysfunction, incorporating techniques such as digital rectal stimulation (DRS) and abdominal massage, the availability of other interventions remains limited in healthcare facilities. Therefore, it’s crucial to develop accessible and targeted rehabilitation programs that can improve both bowel function and quality of life for stroke patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-week rehabilitation program for stroke patients with NBD.
Methods
This study employs a prospective randomized controlled parallel-group clinical trial design. The control group will receive standard care, while the intervention group will undergo a program that combines DRS and abdominal massage in addition to standard care. The duration of the intervention for both groups will be a period of 6 weeks. To assess the efficacy of the intervention, participants from both groups will be evaluated at four time points: baseline, week 2, week 6, and week 12. The primary outcome will be the Wexner score. Additionally, secondary outcomes will be assessed, including the Bristol score, Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QoL), and Fecal Incontinence-Quality of Life (FI-QoL).
Discussion
This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a bowel rehabilitation program for stroke patients with NBD. Results will provide valuable information for developing optimal treatment strategies.
Trial registration
ChiCTR2300071709. Registered on 23 May 2023
Positional Dynamics in Competition: Introducing Targeted Position Games
Authors: Farshi Esmaeil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Modern competitive scenarios often demand more nuanced strategies than merely winning or losing. This has given rise to Targeted Position Games (TPGs), which shift the focus from outright maximization to achieving specific targeted rankings. In this paper, we formalize the concept of TPGs and delve into their intricate dynamics. We derive foundational theorems, establishing the existence of mixed strategy equilibria and exploring the influence of strategic foresight. Particularly interesting is the parallel between TPGs and the quantum world, where the Pauli Exclusion Principle dictates electron behavior, providing a unique equilibrium that echoes the results from our TPGs framework. We also extend the TPGs analysis into areas of information asymmetry, emphasizing the role of prediction in strategy formulation. Further, we shed light on how TPGs can offer valuable insights for artificial intelligence and the digital economy, shaping the way we think about ranking, competition, and strategic decision-making. This work paves the way for a new understanding of competitive positioning and its extensive potential applications.
Forest Guard: An Integrated Sensor cum AI-based Fire-prone Area Mapping and Early Forest Fire Detection System
Authors: Agnihotri Rudransh , Mittal Utkarsh , Dhammi Rakesh Kumar , Gaur Charu , Gupta Arun , Khan Mumtaz Ahmad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ever-increasing global warming and human disruptions have resulted in unprecedented frequency, spread and intensity of destructive wildfires across continents. Thus, effective systems to tackle this are the need of the hour. “Forest Guard” is an integrated dispersed multi-variable sensor network cum AI-based system that promises pre-emptive prediction of fire-prone areas and proactive detection of wildfires. A deep learning AI model classifies the forest area on the basis of a numerical % probability of forest fire occurrence, calculated according to value intensity and degree of correlation between moving averages of parameters like Atmospheric. Temperature, Humidity and Soil Moisture gathered from sensors and other static variables. It then plots a color encoded percentage risk assessment map after extrapolating individual sensor node results to an area of 0.031km2. As this is a novel approach, the model was trained on reinforcement learning and tested on 3 simulations of 10000 data points each. It received accuracy of 98% ± 2%. Forest Guard detects distinctive wildfire and bird (distress-callings) sounds through analyzing and differentiating sounds recorded every 2 minutes by running them through a short Fast-Fourier-Transformation Deep Learning model and then raises a preliminary alarm. A confirmatory fire alarm is raised after the algorithm detects simultaneous sudden deviations with respect to the calibrated baseline in continuously monitored parameters (Atmospheric. Temperature, Humidity, Smoke, Soil Temperature and Moisture). As tested in 3 different control burns of 2500m2 each(avg.), the fire was detected within 2-3minutes (Minimum- time recorded- Preliminary-Alarm- 2:23 minutes, Confirmatory-Alarm- 3:58 minutes from ignition). All simulations/ experiments proved the hypothesis of using localized/ on-ground parameters for detection/prediction.
Anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody levels predict outcome in diabetic patients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mink Sylvia , Saely Christoph H. , Leiherer Andreas , Frick Matthias , Plattner Thomas , Drexel Heinz , Fraunberger Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Diabetic patients constitute one of the most vulnerable subgroups in COVID-19. Despite high vaccination rates, a correlate of protection to advise vaccination strategies for novel SARS-CoV2 variants of concern and lower mortality in this high-risk group is still missing. It is further unclear what antibody levels provide protection and whether pre-existing organ damage affects this threshold. To address these gaps, we conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study on 1152 patients with COVID-19 from five hospitals. Patients were classified by diabetes and vaccination status. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike-antibodies, creatinine and NTproBNP were measured on hospital admission. Pre-specified endpoints were all-cause in-hospital-mortality, ICU admission, endotracheal intubation, and oxygen administration. Propensity score matching was applied to increase comparability. We observed significantly lower anti-SARS-CoV2-spike-antibodies in diabetic non-survivors compared to survivors (mean, 95%CI; 351U/ml, 106–595 vs. 1123, 968–1279, p < 0.001). Mortality risk increased two-fold with each standard deviation-decrease of antibody levels (aHR 1.988, 95%CI 1.229–3.215, p = 0.005). Diabetic patients requiring oxygen administration, endotracheal intubation and ICU admission had significantly lower antibody levels than those who did not (p < 0.001, p = 0.046, p = 0.011). While diabetic patients had significantly worse outcomes than non-diabetic patients, the differences were less pronounced compared to propensity-score-matched non-diabetic patients. Anti-SARS-CoV2 spike antibodies on hospital admission are inversely associated with oxygen administration, endotracheal intubation, intensive care and in-hospital mortality in diabetic COVID-19 patients. Pre-existing comorbidities may have a greater impact on outcome than diabetes status alone.
Submerged Photosynthesis of TiO2-CuO Hetero-nanoparticles for the Solar Photo-electrolysis of Multiple Environmental Hazardous Substances
Authors: Yu Zhehan , Zhu Shilei , Zhang Lihua , Watanabe Seiichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Environmental challenges have become a matter of great concern, requiring immediate attention. Agricultural pollution, such as ammonia discharge, and industrial pollution, including the abuse of organic dyes, present significant dilemmas for humanity. In response to these challenges, we propose an approach by synthesizing TiO2-CuO hetero-nanoparticles capable of degrading multiple hazardous environmental substances. Submerged photosynthesis of crystallites (SPSC) can synthesize or assist in the synthesis of metal oxides due to its simplicity and environmentally friendly nature. TiO2-CuO hetero-nanoparticles with varying Cu-Ti molar ratios were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for performance. The dispersion of CuO within TiO2 was found to be relatively uniform. Increasing the amount of added Cu resulted in an increase in CuO content until reaching the upper limit. Despite minor variations, all hetero-nanoparticle samples exhibited excellent solar light absorption performance. The simultaneous utilization of solar light illumination and electrochemical techniques synergistically enhanced the degradation process of these hazardous substances. The hetero-nanoparticle with a Cu-Ti molar ratio of 0.17 demonstrated the optimal photo-electrochemical degradation performance, exhibiting a 150% increase in degradation efficiency under solar light illumination compared to dark condition. Furthermore, it exhibited superior efficiency in the electrochemical degradation of RhB under solar light, degrading 32% more than solar light alone, and 2% more than electrochemistry alone. The mechanisms behind the fabrication and degradation processes were also discussed, elucidating the underlying principles driving the observed performance. In conclusion, our research highlights the potential of TiO2-CuO hetero-nanoparticles for solar light-assisted degradation of NH3 and RhB, showcasing their environmental applications.
Diabetes mellitus modifies the association between chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder biomarkers and aortic stiffness in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Huang Hsiang-Jung , Hsu Bang-Gee , Wang Chih-Hsien , Tsai Jen-Pi , Chen Yi-Hsin , Hung Szu-Chun , Lin Yu-Li 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship of four chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) biomarkers, including intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), soluble klotho, and fetuin-A, with aortic stiffness in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, comparing those with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 213 patients (mean age 58 ± 14 years; 81 (38.0%) patients with DM) were enrolled. Their aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured using pressure applanation tonometry, while serum intact PTH, FGF23, α-klotho, and fetuin-A levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, patients with DM had higher aortic PWV than those without (9.9 ± 1.8 versus 8.6 ± 1.4 m/s, p < 0.001). Among the four CKD–MBD biomarkers, FGF23 levels were significantly lower in DM group (462 [127–1790] versus 1237 [251–3120] pg/mL, p = 0.028) and log-FGF23 independently predicted aortic PWV in DM group (β: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.06–1.16, p = 0.029 in DM group; β: 0.10, 95% confidence interval: −0.24–0.45, p = 0.546 in nonDM group; interaction p = 0.016). In conclusion, the association between FGF23 and aortic PWV was significantly modified by DM status in PD patients.
Improving Design Efficiency and Reducing Manufacturing Time through DFMA Implementation: A Case Study of LED Bulb Design
Authors: Shukla Prashant 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To maintain market competitiveness, reducing product development time and costs is crucial. The DFMA methodology offers a structured approach for designers to assess manufacturing aspects, minimizing expenses. This study investigates DFMA implementation in producing an LED light bulb and its assembly procedure. Few studies have focused on this specific product category. The goal is to identify cost-saving strategies for a reputable company's LED light bulb development. DFMA involves prioritizing manufacturing cost reduction in design concepts. The study shows significant improvements in product architecture, assembly time, and design efficiency through DFMA. Empirical data shows a 68% reduction in manual assembly time and an increase in the DFA index from 14.6 to 75. These results demonstrate the potential of DFMA to enhance similar products and reduce expenses. Applying DFMA in product design allows manufacturers to improve market competitiveness while maintaining quality standards.
The Effects of Intravenous Diuretics on the Use of Mechanical Ventilation on Covid 19 Patients requiring Supplemental Oxygen: A Propensity Score Matched Observational Study
Authors: Choi Kwang Jin , Baccile Rachel , Soo Jackie , Meltzer David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To examine the effects of intravenous diuresis on the use of mechanical ventilation in Covid patients requiring supplemental oxygen.
Methods
983 hospitalized adult patients with Covid 19 infections needing supplemental oxygen at XXX between March 2020 to February 2022 were included in the study. The primary outcome was the use of mechanical ventilation. We compared the outcome in patients who were exposed to intravenous furosemide before mechanical ventilation to those patients who were not exposed to intravenous furosemide during hospitalization using propensity-score matching analysis.
Results
Among the 983 patients who received intravenous furosemide, 186 (18.9%) patients required mechanical ventilation. Of the 491 patients who did not receive intravenous furosemide during hospitalization, 102 (20.7%) required mechanical ventilation. There was a significant negative association between patients exposed to intravenous furosemide who required mechanical ventilation than those who did not receive intravenous furosemide who required mechanical ventilation. (Odds Ratio of 0.37; 95% Confidence Interval 0.21 to 0.66; P value < 0.01)
Conclusions
In this retrospective cohort study involving a moderately sized sample of hospitalized Covid 19 patients who required supplemental oxygen, intravenous diuresis was significantly associated with lower use of mechanical ventilation compared to those that were not exposed to intravenous diuresis (adjusted Odds Ratio 0.37; 95% Confidence Interval 0.21 to 0.66; P value < 0.01)
Vitamin D and Hypophosphatemia in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Case Control Study
Authors: Kells Meredith R. , Roske Chloe , Watters Ashlie , Puckett Leah , Wildes Jennifer E. , Crow Scott J. , Mehler Philip 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Refeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is a common complication of nutritional restoration in malnourished individuals, yet clear risk stratification remains elusive. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may be deficient in vitamin D, an important component of dietary phosphorus absorption in the gut. The relationship between vitamin D and RH in AN and ARFID is unknown. Therefore, the aims of this of this study were to 1) describe the prevalence of low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and RH in AN and ARFID 2) report associations between nadir phosphorus level and variables associated with RH in extant literature and 3) examine the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and serum phosphorus nadir in AN and ARFID.
Method
Analyses included retrospective chart review of 307 individuals admitted to the ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Severe Malnutrition with a diagnosis of AN or ARFID. Variables of interest included admission laboratory values (vitamin D level, comprehensive metabolic panel, hemoglobin, point-of-care blood glucose), anthropometric measures (weight, body mass index [BMI], % ideal body weight [IBW]), age, duration of illness, length of stay, feeding method, and serum phosphorus nadir. Pearson and Spearman rank correlation, one-way ANOVA, and regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between variables and serum phosphorus.
Results
Over 1/3 of the sample (35.3%) had serum phosphorus levels ≤ 2.9 mg/dL. There were no significant differences between groups in phosphorus nadir (p = .17, η2 = 0.12) or hypophosphatemia (p = .16, ϕc = 0.11); 44% of individuals with ARFID and 33% of individuals with AN had hypophosphatemia. Nadir phosphorus showed a positive association with weight, BMI, %IBW, potassium, and calcium on admission, and a negative association with length of stay, hemoglobin, and total number of tube-fed days. Higher levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D moderated the relationship between serum phosphorus nadir and weight on admission (p = .0004).
Conclusion
Individuals diagnosed with ARFID are as nutritionally fragile as those with AN regarding vitamin D and RH. The negative feedback loop involving vitamin D that maintains phosphorus homeostasis may play a role in the development of RH in AN and ARFID.
Intercultural sensitivity in Chilean healthcare profession students
Authors: Pineda Patricia , Klenner Maura , Espinoza Gerardo , Mariño Rodrigo , Zaror Carlos 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Each culture has unique health care related values, habits, perceptions, expectations, norms, etc., that makes cultural competence an important attribute to be developed by healthcare professionals, to ensure they provide effective treatment. Intercultural sensitivity (IS) is the affective dimension of cultural competence. The objective of this study is to explore the self-perceived level of IS in first and last year students of three health sciences professions (i.e., Dentistry, Medicine, and Nursing) at the Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and a group comparison (e.g., year of study). The Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) was applied to a sample 314 students. Findings showed that overall ISS scores ranged from 1.83 to 4.94, with a mean score of 4.11 (s.d. 0.43). Group comparison between first and final year students showed statistically significant differences (4.18 vs. 4.00; p < 0.001). Medical and nursing students had a significantly higher overall mean IS score compared to dental students (4.21 and 4.16, respectively vs. 4.02; p < 0.01). There were also significant differences between three factors (interaction engagement; interaction confidence; and interaction enjoyment) by healthcare profession. These findings allow for discussion of the need for explicit incorporation and development of cultural competence in on health care professional curricula. Longitudinal research is needed to explore how IS changes over time, along with generating qualitative data from the student populations IS experiences and exposure.
Gravity Inversion and Modeling Using Multi and Single objective Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Asl Ramin Aramesh , Aghajani Hamid , Monfared Mehrdad Soleimani , Rezaie Mohamad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Studying the bedrock geometry in exploration operations to obtain its 2D pattern requires nonlinear inverse computations. The algorithms used in the present work included non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and single-objective genetic algorithm (GA), which were used to estimate the depth. One of the most important advantages of NSGA-II and GA methods are that it works independently of the regularization coefficient and initial mode.in the NSGA-II method, owing to the direct use of the regularization term as a separate objective function, which makes the results more acceptable and easier to interpret. In the present study, both algorithms were verified and validated using the data produced by synthetic model. In order for a more precise examination of the performance of both algorithms, the synthetic data were used both without noise and with up to 10% Gaussian white noise (GWN). Accordingly, the modeling results indicated a good consistence between the algorithms and the primary model; so that, the root mean square error parameter for the data obtained from the initial data of the synthetic model ranged from 0.05 to 0.35mGal for the NSGA-II and from 0.07 to 0.52mGal for the GA. Also, this parameter didn't exceed 72.4meter in the NSGA-II and didn't exceed 93.8meter in the GA. Based on the gravimetric data of the Atacama desert (Chile) and Western Anatolia (Turkey) the results obtained from both algorithms under similar conditions in terms of parameter settings and number of algorithm executions indicated good performance of the NSGA-II algorithm compared to the single-objective (GA) algorithm and the cost of calculations in the NSGA-II method is much lower than the GA method.