bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of small groups on pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection in polyandrous populations
Authors: McDonald Grant C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSexual selection is a key evolutionary force but varies widely between populations. Two key factors that influence sexual selection are the extent to which females copulate with multiple males (polyandry) and variation in the social environment. Increasing research demonstrates populations are structured by complex socio‐sexual networks, and the structure of these networks can influence sexual selection by shaping the relationship between male precopulatory mating success and the intensity of postcopulatory competition. However, comparatively less attention has been dedicated to the influence of group structure on sexual selection and how differences in the size of groups may impact on the relative force of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection in polyandrous populations. The presence of groups (i.e., group structure) and the size of groups varies widely in nature and forms an implicit part of much experimental sexual selection research under laboratory conditions. Here I use simulations of mating competition within populations that vary in the size of groups they contain, to show that variation in group size, and in particular small groups, can influence sexual selection. Specifically, I show that null expectations for the operation of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection is governed by the size of groups within populations because smaller group sizes constrain the structure of sexual networks leading to reinforcing episodes of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection. Given broad variation in group structure in nature and the tendency for experimental sexual selection research to study replicate small groups, these effects have implications for our understanding of the operation of sexual selection in polyandrous populations.
BF2‐Chelates of N‐Acylhydrazones as Versatile Coupling Partners in Photoredox Promoted Reactions
Authors: Rubanov Zakhar M. , Supranovich Vyacheslav I. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFive‐membered difluoroboryl chelate complexes are competent substrates for radical reactions with various radical precursors including potassium trifluoroborates, bis(catecholato)siliconates, 4‐alkyl‐substituted Hantzsch esters, dihydroquinazolinones, esters of N‐hydroxyphthalimide, Katritzky salts, alkyl iodides and thiols. Using these reagents, primary, secondary, and tertiary radicals can be generated under oxidative or reductive conditions and add at the C=N bond of the difluoroboryl chelates leading to hydrazide products.
Mental disorder prevalence in chronic pain patients using opioid versus non‐opioid analgesics: A registry‐linkage study
Authors: Gjerde L. C. , Skurtveit S. , Handal M. , Nesvåg R. , Clausen T. , Lid T. G. , Hamina A. , Borchgrevink P. C. , Odsbu I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain and mental disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide. Individuals with chronic pain are more likely to experience mental disorders compared to individuals without chronic pain, but large‐scale estimates are lacking. We aimed to calculate overall prevalence of mental health diagnoses from primary and secondary care among individuals treated for chronic pain in 2019 and to compare prevalence among chronic pain patients receiving opioid versus non‐opioid analgesics, according to age and gender.MethodsIt is a population‐based cohort study. Linked data from nationwide health registers on dispensed drugs and diagnoses from primary (ICPC‐2) and secondary (ICD‐10) health care. Chronic pain patients were identified as all patients over 18 years of age filling at least one prescription of an analgesic reimbursed for non‐malignant chronic pain in both 2018 and 2019 (N = 139,434, 69.3% women).ResultsPrevalence of any mental health diagnosis was 35.6% (95% confidence interval: 35.4%–35.9%) when sleep diagnoses were included and 29.0% (28.8%–29.3%) when excluded. The most prevalent diagnostic categories were sleep disorders (14% [13.8%–14.2%]), depressive and related disorders (10.1% [9.9%–10.2%]) and phobia and other anxiety disorders (5.7% [5.5%–5.8%]). Prevalence of most diagnostic categories was higher in the group using opioids compared to non‐opioids. The group with the highest overall prevalence was young women (18–44 years) using opioids (50.1% [47.2%–53.0%]).ConclusionsMental health diagnoses are common in chronic pain patients receiving analgesics, particularly among young individuals and opioid users. The combination of opioid use and high psychiatric comorbidity suggests that prescribers should attend to mental health in addition to somatic pain.SignificanceThis large‐scale study with nation‐wide registry data supports previous findings of high psychiatric burden in chronic pain patients. Opioid users had significantly higher prevalence of mental health diagnoses, regardless of age and gender compared to users of non‐opioid analgesics. Opioid users with chronic pain therefore stand out as a particularly vulnerable group and should be followed up closely by their physician to ensure they receive sufficient care for both their mental and somatic symptoms.
Preparation and Characterization of N,N′‐Dialkyl‐1,3‐propanedialdiminium Chlorides, N,N′‐Dialkyl‐1,3‐propanedialdimines, and Lithium N,N′‐Dialkyl‐1,3‐propanedialdiminates
Authors: Schmit Claire E. , Girolami Gregory S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe describe convenient preparations of N,N′‐dialkyl‐1,3‐propanedialdiminium chlorides, N,N′‐dialkyl‐1,3‐propanedialdimines, and lithium N,N′‐dialkyl‐1,3‐propanedialdiminates in which the alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or tert‐butyl. For the dialdiminium salts, the N2C3 backbone is always in the trans‐s‐trans configuration. Three isomers are present in solution except for the tert‐butyl compound, for which only two isomers are present; increasing the steric bulk of the N‐alkyl substituents shifts the equilibrium away from the (Z,Z) isomer in favor of the (E,Z), and (E,E) isomers. For the neutral dialdimines, crystal structures show that the methyl and isopropyl compounds adopt the (E,Z) form, whereas the tert‐butyl compound is in the (E,E) form. In aprotic solvents all four dialdimines (as well as the lithium dialdiminate salts) adopt cis‐s‐cis conformations in which there presumably is either an intramolecular hydrogen bond (or a lithium cation) between the two nitrogen atoms.
Herd immunity in older adults from a middle‐income country: A time‐series trend analysis of community‐acquired pneumonia mortality 2003–2017
Authors: Sanchez Carlos A. , Rivera‐Lozada Oriana , Lozada‐Urbano Michelle , Best‐Bandenay Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsCommunity‐acquired pneumonia is responsible for substantial mortality, and pneumococcus is commonly accepted as a major cause of pneumonia, regardless of laboratory confirmation. Child immunization programs have reported success in decreasing pneumonia mortality: directly in young children and indirectly (herd immunity) in unvaccinated adult populations in some countries. We assess changes in mortality trends for all‐cause pneumonia in older adults associated with the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination for children in Peru.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis on administrative data collected periodically by the Peruvian Ministry of Health. An observational retrospective time series analysis was conducted using longitudinal population‐based data from death certificates in Peru between 2003 and 2017. The time series includes 6 years before and 9 years after the introduction of the pneumococcal‐conjugated vaccines in the national child immunization program in 2009. Monthly frequencies and annual rates for all‐cause pneumonia deaths in children under 5 years of age and adults over 65 years of age are presented. Linear and quadratic trends are analyzed.ResultsDeaths among older adults accounted for 75.6% of all‐cause pneumonia mortality in Peru, with 94.4% of these reporting “pneumonia due to unspecified organism” as the underlying cause of death. Comparing pre‐ and post‐child immunization program periods, annual average mortality rates from unspecified pneumonia decreased by 22.7% in young children but increased by 19.6% in older adults. A linear trend model supports this overall tendency, but a quadratic curve explains the data better.ConclusionPneumococcal‐conjugated vaccines are developed using serotypes prevalent in selected countries from less common (invasive) pneumococcal disease and expected to prevent mortality worldwide from widespread (noninvasive) pneumonia. Our results do not support the presence of herd immunity from pneumococcal vaccination of children for community‐acquired pneumonia in the increasingly ageing population of Peru. This should direct future research and could influence public health policy.
Research on natal and neonatal teeth in Africa: A systematic scoping review of empirical evidence
Authors: Amzat Jimoh , Kanmodi Kehinde K. , Aminu Kafayat , Egbedina Eyinade A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsIn Africa, natal and neonatal teeth is a culture‐bound phenomenon which is associated with several sociocultural connotations which might affect child survival. Different empirical studies have been conducted in Africa on natal and neonatal teeth; however, no known scoping review has been conducted to map the empirical evidence. This systematic scoping review (SSR) aims to document the available empirical evidence, research gaps, and hotspots on neonatal and natal teeth in Africa.MethodsThe methodology of this SSR was informed by the Joanna Brigg's Institute guidelines for SSRs, and it was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Eleven research databases were systematically searched to scooped out all literatures relevant to the scoping review question, after which they were screened for eligibility based on the review's selection criteria. Only the eligible literatures were included in the review. Data were extracted from the included literatures, after which the extracted data were collated, summarized, and presented as results.ResultsThis review included only three journal articles. All the reviewed articles revealed knowledge gaps about natal/neonatal teeth. These articles also found misconceptions around natal/neonatal teeth; for example, nurses' and traditional birth attendants' beliefs about these teeth are contrary to scientifically known facts. Multiple myths associated with natal/neonatal teeth, as indicated in the reviewed studies, point to a poor understanding of the condition.ConclusionNeonates and infants are highly vulnerable persons; they require care and safeguarding from dental myths that could threaten their survival. Educative information concerning natal/neonatal teeth should be included in public health education programs to address the observed knowledge gaps among African populations and correct wrong beliefs on neonatal and natal teeth.
Performance of discrete wavelet transform‐based method in the detection of influenza outbreaks in Iran: An ecological study
Authors: Minaeian Sara , Alimohamadi Yousef , Eshrati Babak , Esmaeilzadeh Firooz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimTimely detection of outbreaks is one of the main purposes of the health surveillance system. The presence of appropriate methods in the detection of outbreaks can have an important role in the timely detection of outbreaks. Because of the importance of this issue, this study aimed to assess the performance of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based methods in detecting influenza outbreaks in Iran from January 2010 to January 2020.MethodsAll registered influenza‐positive virus cases in Iran from January 2010 to January 2010 were obtained from the FluNet web base tool, the World Health Organization website. The combination method that includes DWT and Shewhart control chart was used in this study. All analyses were performed using MATLAB software version 2018a Stata software version 15.ResultsThe Mean ± SD and median of reported influenza cases from January 2010 to January 2020 was 36 ± 108 and four cases per week. The combination of the DWT and Shewhart control chart with K = 0.25 had the most sensitivity. The most specificity in the detection of nonoutbreak days was seen in the combination of DWT and Shewhart control chart with K = 1.5, K = 1.75, and K = 2, respectively. The combination of DWT and Shewhart control chart with K = 0.5 had the best performance in the detection of outbreaks (sensitivity = 0.64, specificity: 0.90, Youden index: 0.54, and area under the curve [AUC]: 0.77).ConclusionThe DWT‐based method in detecting influenza outbreaks has acceptable performance, but it is recommended that this method's performance be assessed in detecting outbreaks of other infectious diseases.
QCBO‐WSVM: Quantum chaos butterfly optimization‐based weighted support vector machine for neuropathic pain detection from EEG signal
Authors: Sofia Bobby J. , Suresh Chander Kapali B. , Kumar Ushus S. , Femina M. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic pain is a common problem among stroke patients, resulting from neurological damage to the central nervous system. This discomfort is primarily caused by the improper use of unaffected limbs or musculoskeletal issues. It can be challenging to differentiate neuropathic pain resulting from central nervous system damage. To address these challenges, researchers have developed a cutting‐edge technology called a Brain‐Computer Interface (BCI) based on electroencephalogram (EEG) data. In this paper, a novel BCI classifier has been developed using the Weighted Incremental‐Decremental Support Vector Machine (WIDSVM) classification method. The classifier has been trained using EEG‐based motor images from patients with central nervous system damage. The Quantum Chaos Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (QCBOA) has been used to enhance the performance of the WIDSVM classifier by creating a new dataset. The efficiency of the proposed model has been evaluated by comparing the results obtained from normal participants and those who developed chronic pain. The classification accuracy has been calculated for different regions, including the left hand, right hand, and feet, among the different participant groups. A total of 28 participants have been separated into three groups with pain in different regions, such as the lower abdomen and legs. The classifier has been tested using both 3‐channel bipolar montages and Common Spatial Patterns (CSPs). The results have shown that the proposed model offers higher classification accuracy and statistical significance in identifying the patient's risk of developing central neuropathic pain. However, it is important to note that further studies with larger sample sizes and different types of chronic pain are needed to validate the efficacy of the proposed model.
Polyaniline‐coated V2O5 as a high‐performance cathode material for Zn‐ion batteries
Authors: Fan Fengxia , Zeng Ting , Xu Haoyang , Wen Xiaojuan , Liu Sheng , Wang Xinxiang , Tian Guilei , Shu Chaozhu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionDue to the advantages of environmental compatibility, low cost, and safety, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have stood out as the emerging energy storage devices among metal‐ion batteries. However, most cathode materials suffer from slow Zn2+ diffusion rates, resulting in poor charge–discharge rates and cycle life of state‐of‐the‐art ZIBs.Objective and MethodIn this work, a polyaniline (PANI) coating method is proposed to improve the Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and stability of the V2O5 cathode. The coating of PANI can maintain the structural stability of V2O5. Moreover, PANI is conducive to improving the electronic conductivity and increasing the intercalation/deintercalation capacity of V2O5 by promoting the diffusion process of Zn2+ ions, thereby increasing the charge–discharge capacity of ZIBs.ResultsEventually, the electrochemical performance of the PANI‐coated V2O5 electrode is significantly improved, delivering a high discharge specific capacity of 0.374 mAh cm−2 at the current density of 2 mA cm−2 and improved capacity retention of 83% after 500 cycles. This work demonstrates the positive effect of the PANI‐coating strategy on improving the electrochemical performance of V2O5 electrodes.
SH3 domain‐binding kinase 1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of cervical cancer via activating the Wnt/β‐catenin and Raf/ERK1/2 signaling pathways
Authors: Chen Xin , Sun Zhengwei , Zhou Shengjie , Jiang Wenxiao , Li Jieyi , Song Gendi , Zhu Xueqiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSH3 domain‐binding kinase 1 (SBK1), is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinases family, and was confirmed to be upregulated in cervical cancer in our previous study. Nonetheless, the role of SBK1 in regulating cancer occurrence and development is unclear. In this study, the stable SBK1‐knockdown and ‐overexpressed cell models were constructed by plasmid transfection technology. Cell viability and growth were assessed through CCK‐8, colony formation, and BrdU methods. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The JC‐1 staining assay was used to explore mitochondrial membrane potential. The scratch and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the cell metastatic ability. The nude mice models were utilized to explore the SBK1 expression affecting tumor growth in vivo. Our research indicated a high expression of SBK1 both in tissues and cells of cervical cancer. The proliferative, migratory, as well as invasive capacities of cervical cancer cells, were suppressed, and apoptosis was enhanced after SBK1 silence, whereas SBK1 upregulation led to opposite results. In addition, Wnt/β‐catenin and Raf/ERK1/2 pathways were activated by SBK1 upregulation. Furthermore, downregulation of c‐Raf or β‐catenin, reversed the proliferation promotion and apoptosis inhibition effects in SBK1‐overexpressed cells. The same results were observed with the use of the specific Raf inhibitor. SBK1 overexpression also contributed to tumor growth in vivo. Overall, SBK1 played a vital role in cervical tumorigenesis via activating the Wnt/β‐catenin and Raf/ERK1/2 pathways.
Drawdown‐induced consolidation of aquifer systems considering water‐table decline
Authors: Xu Jin , Liu Lei , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBoundary condition is an important factor in estimating land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal. In previous analytical studies, the upper boundaries are commonly assumed to be constant‐head, which could fail to reflect the declines in groundwater table during groundwater pumping. A one‐dimensional (1‐D) consolidation model of aquifer systems due to groundwater drawdown is considered in this study, in which the water‐table decline is taken into account. A mathematical model, which incorporates Neuman's model of unconfined flow into Terzaghi's theory of consolidation, is first presented. The analytical solutions for both hydraulic head drawdown and subsidence are developed in the Laplace domain. A more explicit solution to the elastic, single‐layered model is also derived. The validation of the presented solutions is verified by comparing with existing solutions in degenerated cases. The results show that the presented hydraulic drawdown solutions can be used to describe the water table decline. Moreover, the subsidence solutions are notably different from solutions based on the commonly‐used constant‐head boundary, and these previous models could severely underestimate the subsidence. The influences of specific yield, compressibility of the pore water, hydraulic conductivity, and viscosity of soil skeleton on the water table decline and long‐term deformation are also investigated using the presented solutions.
Expanded role of nurses in Swiss nursing homes and their engagement in quality improvement: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Favez Lauriane , Simon Michael , Serdaly Christine , Zúñiga Franziska 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo report on the engagement of Swiss nursing homes and of nurses in expanded roles in quality improvement.DesignA cross‐sectional study (2018–2019).MethodsSurvey data from a sample of 115 Swiss nursing homes and 104 nurses in expanded roles. Descriptive statistics were used.ResultsMost participating nursing homes reported carrying several quality improvement activities (median of eight out of 10 activities surveyed) but some were only engaged in five activities or less. Nursing homes working with nurses in expanded roles (n = 83) showed greater engagement in quality improvement than those working with none. Nurses with more advanced qualifications (Bachelor's or Master's degree) engaged more in quality improvement than nurses with standard training. Specifically, higher educated nurses were more involved in data‐focused activities. Using nurses in expanded roles can be a way forward for nursing homes seeking to actively carry out quality improvement in their facilities.ConclusionAlthough a large proportion of nurses in expanded roles surveyed were implementing quality activities, their level of engagement depended on their educational level. Our findings support the principle that higher level competencies are a key aspect of data‐based quality improvement in nursing homes. However, as Advance Practice Registered Nurses will remain difficult to recruit in nursing homes, using nurses in expanded roles might contribute to quality improvement.
Percentage of maximum weight lost as an optimal parameter of weight regain after bariatric surgery in Chinese patients with diabetes
Authors: Si Yiming , Zhang Hongwei , Han Xiaodong , Liu Weijie , Tu Yinfang , Han Junfeng , Ma Xiaojing , Bao Yuqian , Yu Haoyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to compare measures of weight regain (WR) and their association with the glucose metabolism deterioration within 3 years following bariatric surgery among Chinese patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsAmong a retrospective cohort of 249 patients with obesity and T2DM who underwent bariatric surgery and were followed up to 3 years, WR was assessed by weight changes, BMI changes, percentage of presurgery weight, percentage of nadir weight, and percentage of maximum weight lost (%MWL). Glucose metabolism deterioration was defined as a change from an absence of antidiabetic medication use to use, or absence of insulin use to use, or an increase in glycated hemoglobin by at least 0.5% to 5.7% or greater.ResultsA comparison of C‐index of glucose metabolism deterioration indicated %MWL had better discriminatory ability versus weight change, BMI change, percentage of presurgery weight, or percentage of nadir weight (all p < 0.01). The %MWL also had the highest prediction accuracy. The optimal %MWL cutoff point was 20%.ConclusionsAmong Chinese patients with obesity and T2DM who underwent bariatric surgery, WR quantified as %MWL predicted 3‐year postoperative glucose metabolism deterioration better than the alternatives; 20% MWL was the optimal cutoff point.