bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaporation and information puzzle for 2D nonsingular asymptotically flat black holes
Authors: Cadoni M. , Oi M. , Sanna A. P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate the thermodynamics and the classical and semiclassical dynamics of two-dimensional (2D), asymptotically flat, nonsingular dilatonic black holes. They are characterized by a de Sitter core, allowing for the smearing of the classical singularity, and by the presence of two horizons with a related extremal configuration. For concreteness, we focus on a 2D version of the Hayward black hole. We find a second order thermodynamic phase transition, separating large unstable black holes from stable configurations close to extremality. We first describe the black-hole evaporation process using a quasistatic approximation and we show that it ends in the extremal configuration in an infinite amount of time. We go beyond the quasistatic approximation by numerically integrating the field equations for 2D dilaton gravity coupled to N massless scalar fields, describing the radiation. We find that the inclusion of large backreaction effects (N ≫ 1) allows for an end-point extremal configuration after a finite evaporation time. Finally, we evaluate the entanglement entropy (EE) of the radiation in the quasistatic approximation and construct the relative Page curve. We find that the EE initially grows, reaches a maximum and then goes down towards zero, in agreement with previous results in the literature. Despite the breakdown of the semiclassical approximation prevents the description of the evaporation process near extremality, we have a clear indication that the end point of the evaporation is a regular, extremal state with vanishing EE of the radiation. This suggests that the nonunitary evolution, which commonly characterizes the evaporation of singular black holes, could be traced back to the presence of the singularity.
The graviton four-point function in de Sitter space
Authors: Bonifacio James , Goodhew Harry , Joyce Austin , Pajer Enrico , Stefanyszyn David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We compute the tree-level late-time graviton four-point correlation function, and the related quartic wavefunction coefficient, for Einstein gravity in de Sitter spacetime. We derive this result in several ways: by direct calculation, using the in-in formalism and the wavefunction of the universe; by a heuristic derivation leveraging the flat space wave-function coefficient; and by using the boostless cosmological bootstrap, in particular the combination of the cosmological optical theorem, the amplitude limit, and the manifestly local test. We find agreement among the different methods.
On egalitarian values for cooperative games with level structures
Authors: Alonso-Meijide J. M. , Costa J. , García-Jurado I. , Gonçalves-Dosantos J. C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper we extend the equal division and the equal surplus division values for transferable utility cooperative games to the more general setup of transferable utility cooperative games with level structures. In the case of the equal surplus division value we propose three possible extensions, one of which has already been described in the literature. We provide axiomatic characterizations of the values considered, apply them to a particular cost sharing problem and compare them in the framework of such an application.
Metabolic Profiling of Endophytic Bacteria in Relation to Their Potential Application as Components of Multi-Task Biopreparations
Authors: Woźniak Małgorzata , Tyśkiewicz Renata , Siebielec Sylwia , Gałązka Anna , Jaroszuk-Ściseł Jolanta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Agricultural crops are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses that can constrain crop productivity. Focusing on a limited subset of key groups of organisms has the potential to facilitate the monitoring of the functions of human-managed ecosystems. Endophytic bacteria can enhance plant stress resistance and can help plants to cope with the negative impacts of stress factors through the induction of different mechanisms, influencing plant biochemistry and physiology. In this study, we characterise endophytic bacteria isolated from different plants based on their metabolic activity and ability to synthesise 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD), the activity of hydrolytic exoenzymes, the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and iron-complexing compounds (ICC). Test GEN III MicroPlate indicated that the evaluated endophytes are highly metabolically active, and the best used substrates were amino acids, which may be important in selecting potential carrier components for bacteria in biopreparations. The ACCD activity of strain ES2 (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) was the highest, whereas that of strain ZR5 (Delftia acidovorans) was the lowest. Overall, the obtained results indicated that ∼91.3% of the isolates were capable of producing at least one of the four hydrolytic enzymes. In addition, most of the tested strains produced ICC and TPC, which play a significant role in reducing stress in plants. The results of this study suggest that the tested endophytic bacterial strains can potentially be used to mitigate climate change-associated stresses in plants and to inhibit plant pathogens.

Graphical Abstract
Public Attitudes Toward Policy Instruments for Flood Risk Management
Authors: Raikes Jonathan , Henstra Daniel , Thistlethwaite Jason 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEffective flood risk management (FRM) requires a mix of policy instruments that reduces, shares, and manages flood risk. The social acceptability of these policy instruments—the degree of public support or opposition to their use—is an important consideration when designing an optimal mix to achieve FRM objectives. This paper examines public attitudes toward FRM policy instruments based on a national survey of Canadians living in high-risk areas. Respondents were asked their views on flood maps, disaster assistance, flood insurance, flood risk disclosure and liability, and property buyouts. The results indicate that all five policy instruments have high social acceptability, but they must be calibrated to ensure access to flood risk information and achieve a fair distribution of FRM costs among key stakeholders.
Loose Edge-Connection of Graphs
Authors: Brause Christoph , Jendrol’ Stanislav , Schiermeyer Ingo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the last years, connection concepts such as rainbow connection and proper connection appeared in graph theory and obtained a lot of attention. In this paper, we investigate the loose edge-connection of graphs. A connected edge-coloured graph G is loose edge-connected if between any two of its vertices there is a path of length one, or a bi-coloured path of length two, or a path of length at least three with at least three colours used on its edges. The minimum number of colours, used in a loose edge-colouring of G, is called the loose edge-connection number and denoted $${{\,\textrm{lec}\,}}(G)$$

lec

(
G
)

. We determine the precise value of this parameter for any simple graph G of diameter at least 3. We show that deciding, whether $${{\,\textrm{lec}\,}}(G) = 2$$

lec

(
G
)
=
2

for graphs G of diameter 2, is an NP-complete problem. Furthermore, we characterize all complete bipartite graphs $$K_{r,s}$$

K

r
,
s

with $${{\,\textrm{lec}\,}}(K_{r,s}) = 2$$

lec

(

K

r
,
s

)
=
2

.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus systemic chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy alone in locally advanced gastric cancer after D2 radical resection: a randomized-controlled study
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Huang Xingmao , Huang Ling , Dai Gaiguo , Xu Qi , Fang Jingquan , Ye Zeyao , Chai Tengjiao , Du Yian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Currently, there is a lack of an effective strategy for the prevention of peritoneal metastasis (PM) from locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This randomized-controlled study aimed to evaluate the outcome of D2 radical resection with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus systemic chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy alone in locally AGC patients.

Methods
All enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive HIPEC plus systemic chemotherapy (HIPEC group) or systemic chemotherapy alone (non-HIPEC group) after radical gastrectomy. HIPEC was performed intraperitoneally with cisplatin (40 mg/m2) within 72 h after surgery, while systemic chemotherapy based on the SOX regimen (S-1 combined with oxaliplatin) was administered 4–6 weeks after radical surgery. Patterns of recurrence, adverse events, 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.

Results
A total of 134 patients were enrolled in the present study. The 3-year DFS rate was 73.8% in the HIPEC group, which was significantly higher than that in the non-HIPEC group (61.2%, P = 0.031). The 3-year OS rate was 73.9% in the HIPEC group and 77.6% in the non-HIPEC group, with no significant difference (P = 0.737). PM was the most common distant metastasis in both groups. The occurrence rate of PM in the HIPEC group was statistically lower than that in the non-HIPEC group (20.9% vs. 40.3%, P = 0.015). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 19 (14.2%) patients, and there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion
Radical surgery followed by HIPEC combined with systemic chemotherapy is a safe and feasible strategy for locally AGC patients and could effectively improve DFS and reduce the occurrence of PM. However, more prospective randomized studies with a large sample size are warranted.

Trial registration
This study was registered with www.medresman.org.cn as ChiCTR2200055966 on 10/12/2016.
Perfectly Packing a Square by Squares of Nearly Harmonic Sidelength
Authors: Tao Terence 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA well-known open problem of Meir and Moser asks if the squares of sidelength 1/n for $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

can be packed perfectly into a rectangle of area $$\sum _{n=2}^\infty n^{-2}=\pi ^2/6-1$$

∑

n
=
2

∞

n

-
2

=

π
2

/
6
-
1

. In this paper we show that for any $$1/2<t<1$$

1
/
2
<
t
<
1

, and any $$n_0$$

n
0

that is sufficiently large depending on t, the squares of sidelength $$n^{-t}$$

n

-
t

for $$n\ge n_0$$

n
≥

n
0

can be packed perfectly into a square of area $$\sum _{n=n_0}^\infty n^{-2t}$$

∑

n
=

n
0

∞

n

-
2
t

. This was previously known (if one packs a rectangle instead of a square) for $$1/2<t\le 2/3$$

1
/
2
<
t
≤
2
/
3

(in which case one can take $$n_0=1$$

n
0

=
1

).
The Association Between Heterosexual anal Intercourse and HIV Acquisition in Three Prospective Cohorts of Women
Authors: Silhol Romain , Nordsletten Ashley , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Elmes Jocelyn , Staunton Roisin , Owen Branwen , Shacklett Barbara , McGowan Ian , Feliciano Kailazarid Gomez , van der Straten Ariane , Eller Leigh Anne , Robb Merlin , Marrazzo Jeanne , Dimitrov Dobromir , Boily Marie-Claude 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe extent to which receptive anal intercourse (RAI) increases the HIV acquisition risk of women compared to receptive vaginal intercourse (RVI) is poorly understood. We evaluated RAI practice over time and its association with HIV incidence during three prospective HIV cohorts of women: RV217, MTN-003 (VOICE), and HVTN 907. At baseline, 16% (RV 217), 18% (VOICE) of women reported RAI in the past 3 months and 27% (HVTN 907) in the past 6 months, with RAI declining during follow-up by around 3-fold. HIV incidence in the three cohorts was positively associated with reporting RAI at baseline, albeit not always significantly. The adjusted hazard rate ratios for potential confounders (aHR) were 1.1 (95% Confidence interval: 0.8–1.5) for VOICE and 3.3 (1.6–6.8) for RV 217, whereas the ratio of cumulative HIV incidence by RAI practice was 1.9 (0.6-6.0) for HVTN 907. For VOICE, the estimated magnitude of association increased slightly when using a time-varying RAI exposure definition (aHR = 1.2; 0.9–1.6), and for women reporting RAI at every follow-up survey (aHR = 2.0 (1.3–3.1)), though not for women reporting higher RAI frequency (> 30% acts being RAI vs. no RAI in the past 3 months; aHR = 0.7 (0.4–1.1)). Findings indicated precise estimation of the RAI/HIV association, following multiple RVI/RAI exposures, is sensitive to RAI exposure definition, which remain imperfectly measured. Information on RAI practices, RAI/RVI frequency, and condom use should be more systematically and precisely recorded and reported in studies looking at sexual behaviors and HIV seroconversions; standardized measures would aid comparability across geographies and over time.
Effective data sampling strategies and boundary condition constraints of physics-informed neural networks for identifying material properties in solid mechanics
Authors: Wu W. , Daneker M. , Jolley M. A. , Turner K. T. , Lu L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMaterial identification is critical for understanding the relationship between mechanical properties and the associated mechanical functions. However, material identification is a challenging task, especially when the characteristic of the material is highly nonlinear in nature, as is common in biological tissue. In this work, we identify unknown material properties in continuum solid mechanics via physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). To improve the accuracy and efficiency of PINNs, we develop efficient strategies to nonuniformly sample observational data. We also investigate different approaches to enforce Dirichlet-type boundary conditions (BCs) as soft or hard constraints. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to a diverse set of time-dependent and time-independent solid mechanic examples that span linear elastic and hyperelastic material space. The estimated material parameters achieve relative errors of less than 1%. As such, this work is relevant to diverse applications, including optimizing structural integrity and developing novel materials.
Oxidative Stress-Involved Mitophagy of Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Retinal Degenerative Diseases
Authors: Zhang Si-Ming , Fan Bin , Li Yu- Lin , Zuo Zhao-Yang , Li Guang-Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized and polarized epithelial cell layer that plays an important role in sustaining the structural and functional integrity of photoreceptors. However, the death of RPE is a common pathological feature in various retinal diseases, especially in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mitophagy, as a programmed self-degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria, is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and cell survival under stress. RPE contains a high density of mitochondria necessary for it to meet energy demands, so severe stimuli can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and the excess generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can further trigger oxidative stress-involved mitophagy. In this review, we summarize the classical pathways of oxidative stress-involved mitophagy in RPE and investigate its role in the progression of retinal diseases, aiming to provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating retinal degenerative diseases.
Graphical Abstract
The role of mitophagy in AMD and DR. In AMD, excessive ROS production promotes mitophagy in the RPE by activating the Nrf2/p62 pathway, while in DR, ROS may suppress mitophagy by the FOXO3-PINK1/parkin signaling pathway or the TXNIP-mitochondria-lysosome-mediated mitophagy.
Mapping vessel traffic patterns in the ice-covered waters of the Pacific Arctic
Authors: Kapsar Kelly , Gunn Grant , Brigham Lawson , Liu Jianguo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent climate change has caused declines in ice coverage which have lengthened the open water season in the Arctic and increased access to resources and shipping routes. These changes have resulted in more vessel activity in seasonally ice-covered regions. While traffic is increasing in the ice-free season, the amount of vessel activity in the marginal ice zone (ice concentration 15–80%) or in pack ice (>80% concentration) remains unclear. Understanding patterns of vessel activities in ice is important given increased safety challenges and environmental impacts. Here, we couple high-resolution ship tracking information with sea ice thickness and concentration data to quantify vessel activity in ice-covered areas of the Pacific Arctic (northern Bering, Chukchi, and western Beaufort Seas). This region is a geo-strategically critical area that contains globally important commercial fisheries and serves as a corridor for Arctic access for wildlife and vessels. We find that vessel traffic in the marginal ice zone is widely distributed across the study area while vessel traffic in pack ice is concentrated along known shipping routes and in areas of natural resource development. Of the statistically significant relationships between vessel traffic and both sea ice concentration and thickness, over 99% are negative, indicating that increasing sea ice is associated with decreasing vessel traffic on a monthly time scale. Furthermore, there is substantial vessel traffic in areas of high concentration for bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), and traffic in these areas increased four-fold during the study period. Fishing vessels dominate vessel traffic at low ice concentrations, but vessels categorized as Other, likely icebreakers, are the most common vessel type in pack ice. These findings indicate that vessel traffic in areas of ice coverage is influenced by distant policy and resource development decisions which should be taken into consideration when trying to predict future vessel-ice interactions in a changing climate.
#WhatIsDemocracy: finding key actors in a Chinese influence campaign
Authors: Jacobs Charity S. , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rapid increase in China’s outward digital presence on western social media platforms highlights China’s priorities for promoting pro-Chinese narratives and stories in recent years. Simultaneously, China has increasingly been accused of launching information operations using bot activity, puppet accounts, and other inauthentic activity to amplify its messaging. This paper provides a comprehensive network analysis characterization of the hashtag influence campaign China promoted against the US-hosted Summit on Democracy in December 2021, in addition to methods to identify different types of actors within this type of influence campaign. China uses layers of state-sponsored accounts, bots, and non-bot accounts to promote its messaging. Lastly, we describe how China uses localized campaigns under a more extensive umbrella campaign for information diffusion toward targeted audiences.
Volatility Spillovers and Contagion During Major Crises: An Early Warning Approach Based on a Deep Learning Model
Authors: Sahiner Mehmet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the nature and characteristics of the volatility transmission channels of major crash events in international stock markets between 03 July 1997 and 09 March 2021. Using dynamic conditional correlations (DCC) for conditional correlations and volatility clustering, GARCH-BEKK for the direction of transmission of disturbances, and the Diebold-Yilmaz spillover index for the level of volatility contagion, the paper finds that the climbs in external shock transmissions have long-lasting impacts in domestic markets due to the contagion effect during crisis periods. The findings also reveal that the heavier magnitude of financial stress is transmitted between Asian countries via the Hong Kong stock market. Additionally, the degree of volatility spillovers between advanced and emerging equity markets is smaller compared to the pure spillovers between advanced markets or emerging markets, offering a window of opportunity for international market participants in terms of portfolio diversification and risk management applications. Furthermore, the study introduces a novel early warning system created by integrating DCC correlations with a state-of-the-art deep learning model to predict the global financial crisis and COVID-19 crisis. The experimental analysis of long short-term memory network finds evidence of contagion risk by verifying bursts in volatility spillovers and generating signals with high accuracy before the 12-month crisis period. This provides supplementary information that contributes to the decision-making process of practitioners, as well as offering indicative evidence that facilitates the assessment of market vulnerability for policymakers.
Discrimination and adherence in a cross-sectional study of Latino sexual minority men with HIV: Coping with discrimination as a mediator and coping self-efficacy as a moderator
Authors: Barreras Joanna L. , Bogart Laura M. , MacCarthy Sarah , Klein David J. , Pantalone David W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiscrimination is associated with antiretroviral therapy non-adherence and reduced well-being among people with HIV. We examined the potential for coping to mediate the associations between intersectional discrimination and non-adherence and coping self-efficacy (confidence in one’s ability to cope with discrimination) as a moderator that may buffer the negative effects of discrimination on non-adherence in a cross-sectional convenience sample of 82 Latino sexual minority men with HIV. In bivariate linear regressions, discrimination targeting Latino ethnic origin, undocumented residency status, and sexual orientation were each significantly associated with lower self-reported antiretroviral therapy non-adherence (percentage of prescribed doses taken in the last month) and greater use of disengagement coping (denial, substance use, venting, self-blame, behavioral disengagement). Associations between discrimination targeting Latino ethnicity and non-adherence, and discrimination targeting undocumented residency status and non-adherence, were each mediated by disengagement coping responses. Moderation analyses highlighted significant discrimination by coping self-efficacy interaction effects—both coping self-efficacy for problem solving and stopping unpleasant emotions/thoughts each moderated the associations between Latino discrimination and adherence, between undocumented residency status discrimination and adherence, and between HIV discrimination and adherence. Coping self-efficacy for getting social support moderated the association between undocumented residency status discrimination and adherence. Further, the interaction coefficients across models indicated that the negative effects of discrimination on adherence were attenuated at higher levels of coping self-efficacy. Findings highlight the need for structural interventions that reduce—and ultimately eliminate—discrimination, and interventions that address the harmful effects of discrimination and adherence improvement interventions to enhance coping skills among people faced with intersectional discrimination.