bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroceuticals for Neurogastroenterology and Motility Disorders
Authors: Jiang Yan , Soffer Edy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review
To provide an updated overview on use of electrostimulation in gastrointestinal motility disorders and obesity, with a focus on gastric electrical stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation.

Recent Findings
Recent studies on gastric electrical stimulation for chronic vomiting showed a decrease in frequency of vomiting, but without significant improvement in quality of life. Percutaneous vagal nerve stimulation shows some promise for both symptoms of gastroparesis and IBS. Sacral nerve stimulation does not appear effective for constipation. Studies of electroceuticals for treatment of obesity have quite varied results with less clinical penetrance of the technology.

Summary
Results of studies on the efficacy of electroceuticals have been variable depending on pathology but this area remains promising. Improved mechanistic understanding, technology and more controlled trials will be helpful to establish a clearer role for electrostimulation in treatment of various GI disorders.
Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D Levels as Predictors of Hypocalcemia after Total/ Near Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Dugani Priya , Sharma Poorvi V , Krishna Sunil M , Reddy Krishna Kalyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground: Post-operative Hypocalcaemia is the most-common complication of total and near-total thyroidectomy which is a selective treatment for benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Incidence ranges from 0.5-50%. Objectives: The role of vitamin-D and Parathyroid hormone(PTH) in incidence of Hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy has been taken into consideration. Methods: This is a prospective interventional study is conducted in Kasturba Medical College and hospital, Manipal after taking written informed consent from the participants. It aimed at surveying the serum level of preoperative Vitamin D, PTH and calcium before total-thyroidectomy surgery and its relationship with the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia after the surgery. The study was done on 70 patients who were-planned for total/near total thyroidectomy. Preoperative Vitamin D, PTH, calcium and Postoperative 4 hours-PTH, Calcium were measured on POD-1, POD-2-4, the results obtained were then analysed. Results: Considering the cut-off of calcium as 8.6mg/dl, 42 patients developed hypocalcemia on POD-1, 28 patients on POD-2. Preoperative calcium and postoperative PTH levels in people having hypocalcaemia where significantly less compared to the patients having normal calcium. 4-hours post-operative PTH measurements showed 51% sensitivity, 100% specificity and strong co-relation between postoperative hypocalcemia and drop in PTH levels- (p=<0.001). Out of 42 patients who developed hypocalcemia 28- (65%) patients had vitamin-D deficiency(p=0.5) on POD-1 and out of 51 patients with hypocalcemia on POD 2-4, 33(78%) had-vitamin-D-deficiency(p=0.3852). Which was not statically significant. Conclusion:4 hours post-operative PTH level is a predictor of early postoperative hypocalcemia, by detecting this we can effectively manage postoperative hypocalcemia
Workers’ whole day workload and next day cognitive performance
Authors: Hernandez Raymond , Jin Haomiao , Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Roll Shawn C. , Schneider Stefan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWorkload experienced over the whole day, not just work periods, may impact worker cognitive performance. We hypothesized that experiencing greater than typical whole day workload would be associated with lower visual processing speed and lower sustained attention ability, on the next day. To test this, we used dynamic structural equation modeling to analyze data from 56 workers with type 1 diabetes. For a two-week period, on smartphones they answered questions about whole day workload at the end of each day, and completed cognitive tests 5 or 6 times throughout each day. Repeated smartphone cognitive tests were used, instead of traditional one- time cognitive assessment in the laboratory, to increase the ecological validity of the cognitive tests. Examples of reported occupations in our sample included housekeeper, teacher, physician, and cashier. On workdays, the mean number of work hours reported was 6.58 (SD 3.5). At the within-person level, greater whole day workload predicted decreased mean processing speed the next day (standardized estimate=-0.10, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.01) using a random intercept model; the relationship was not significant and only demonstrated a tendency toward the expected effect (standardized estimate= -0.07, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.01) in a model with a random intercept and a random regression slope. Whole day workload was not found to be associated with next-day mean sustained attention ability. Study results suggested that just one day of greater than average workload could impact next day processing speed, but future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to corroborate this finding.
The specific psychosocial modulator factors of emotional adjustment in infertile individuals compared to fertile people
Authors: Antequera-Jurado Rosario , Moreno-Rosset Carmen , Ramírez-Uclés Isabel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Certain psychological and social factors modulate emotional adjustment in infertility. The aims of this study were: analyse whether there are sex and group differences (infertile vs. fertile) in emotional adjustment, and personality, dispositional optimism, coping strategies, personal and interpersonal resources; observe the modulating role of these psychosocial variables in the emotional adjustment of infertile individuals compared to fertile ones; and determine if the modulator variables associated with emotional adjustment are specific to infertile people. Method: A cross-sectional study design was used with a sample of 139 heterosexual Spanish participants (84 infertile, 55 fertile). For the data analysis we performed correlations, multiple regression analysis, MANOVAS and ANOVAS. Results: The multivariate and univariate analyses showed that the infertile group exhibited greater emotional maladjustment, more personal resources, lesser degree of confrontive coping, social support seeking, positive reappraisal, and lower marital satisfaction than the fertile group. In addition, women (infertile and fertile) sought more social support seeking and the infertile ones made more use of self-controlling strategies. Multiple regression analyses showed that for all subjects the emotional adjustment was modulated by dispositional optimism and escape/avoidance. For infertile participants, the remaining significant modulating factors were personal resources and marital satisfaction, whereas, for the fertile group, they were openness and interpersonal resources. Conclusion: Infertile women and men showed no differences in emotional maladjustment, but levels were higher than in the fertile group. We found differences between infertile and fertile subjects in terms of modulating variables of emotional adjustment. For infertile participants, the development of personal resources and increased marital satisfaction are particularly important.
Quantification of surface changes and volume losses of selected rock types due to different cleaning processes
Authors: Koch Tobias , Fischer Cornelius , Schad Frank , Siegesmund Siegfried 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe restorative cleaning of natural stones has a special significance for the preservation of important cultural assets or the slowing of their deterioration. Organisms such as fungi, lichens or mosses, but also emission dirt such as soot soften and otherwise damage both the surface and the internal structure of the building stone. In order to quantify the effects and in particular the abrasiveness of selected cleaning methods, cleaning experiments were carried out on six different naturally and artificially weathered rocks using cold water under high pressure, hot water under high pressure as well as hot-water steam. The types of rocks studied include marble, limestone, granite, sandstone and tuff. Surface changes in roughness and topography were quantified using two surface-sensitive methods: confocal microscopy as well as 3D shadow triangulation. The two high-pressure cleaning methods were found to have a significantly stronger abrasive effect than steam cleaning when the distances were too small. The cleaning performance, which was compared using biologically weathered samples, was lowest for steam cleaning. However, the high temperatures of the steam also permanently eliminate much of the biological matter on and under the surface, as observed in the field test. The results presented should make it possible for the conservator to assess, which cleaning procedures to use for the different rock varieties depending on the degree of weathering.
Physical and chemical effect of impurities in carbon capture, utilisation and storage
Authors: A. Razak Ahmad Amirhilmi , M. Saaid Ismail , Md. Yusof Muhammad Aslam , Husein Norhafizuddin , Zaidin M. Fakrumie , Mohamad Sabil Khalik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeployment of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) technologies to mitigate climate change and overturn CO2 emissions growth would require transformational changes comprehensively. The primary focus of this manuscript is on the impurities standards and limitation that can ensure project feasibility in the long run. There is a need in the industry for guidance on purity analysis prior to capture, shipment, and storage of carbon dioxide. This is because the cost to capture and separate the stream is proving to be very costly that can make the project to be unfeasible to operate. Following this further, this manuscript discusses the previous research and best practices that establish standards for acceptable impurities that might present in the stream and its effects towards the CCUS system. Consequently, this manuscript also provides better understanding on the impurities effects towards CCUS technology system in general. Understanding these limitations, may provide cost effective solution for CCUS problems that revolves around the impurities in CO2 stream. Impurities can affect some components of the carbon capture and storage process. It is clear that even a little number of impurities can cause the carbon dioxide stream properties to change. There are two primary factors discussed in this manuscript that affect how a CCUS system responds to a CO2 stream that contains impurities: a physical and chemical effects.
Emergency surgery for hiatus hernias: does technique affect outcomes? A single-centre experience
Authors: Alasmar Mohamed , McKechnie Iona , Chaparala Ramakrishna P. C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Emergency surgery for a hiatus hernia is usually a high-risk procedure in acutely unwell patients. Common surgical techniques include reduction of the hernia, cruropexy then either fundoplication or gastropexy with a gastrostomy. This is an observational study in a tertiary referral centre for complicated hiatus hernias to compare recurrence rates between these two techniques.

Methods
Eighty patients are included in this study, from October 2012 to November 2020. This is a retrospective review and analysis of their management and follow-up. Recurrence of the hiatus hernia that mandates surgical repair was the primary outcome of this study. Secondary outcomes include morbidity and mortality.

Results
In total, 38% of the patients included in the study had fundoplication procedures, 53% had gastropexy, 6% had complete or partial resection of the stomach, 3% had fundoplication and gastropexy and one patient had neither (n = 30, 42, 5, 2,1, respectively). Eight patients had symptomatic recurrence of the hernia which required surgical repair. Three of these patients had acute recurrence and 5 after discharge. 50% had undergone fundoplication, 38% underwent gastropexy and 13% underwent a resection (n = 4, 3, 1) (p value = 0.5). 38% of patient had no complications and 30-day mortality was 7.5%

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the largest single centre review of outcomes following emergency hiatus hernia repairs. Our results show that either fundoplication or gastropexy can be used safely to reduce the risk of recurrence in the emergency setting. Therefore, surgical technique can be tailored based on the patient characteristics and surgeon experience, without compromising the risk of recurrence or post-operative complications. Mortality and morbidity rates were in keeping with previous studies, which is lower than historically documented, with respiratory complications most prevalent. This study shows that emergency repair of hiatus hernias is a safe operation which is often a lifesaving procedure in elderly comorbid patients.
Incidence of bloodstream infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens in ordinary wards and intensive care units before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a real-life, retrospective observational study
Authors: Segala Francesco Vladimiro , Pafundi Pia Clara , Masciocchi Carlotta , Fiori Barbara , Taddei Eleonora , Antenucci Laura , De Angelis Giulia , Guerriero Silvia , Pastorino Roberta , Damiani Andrea , Posteraro Brunella , Sanguinetti Maurizio , De Pascale Gennaro , Fantoni Massimo , Murri Rita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
SARS-COV-2 pandemic led to antibiotic overprescription and unprecedented stress on healthcare systems worldwide. Knowing the comparative incident risk of bloodstream infection due to multidrug-resistant pathogens in COVID ordinary wards and intensive care-units may give insights into the impact of COVID-19 on antimicrobial resistance.

Methods
Single-center observational data extracted from a computerized dataset were used to identify all patients who underwent blood cultures from January 1, 2018 to May 15, 2021. Pathogen-specific incidence rates were compared according to the time of admission, patient’s COVID status and ward type.

Results
Among 14,884 patients for whom at least one blood culture was obtained, a total of 2534 were diagnosed with HA-BSI. Compared to both pre-pandemic and COVID-negative wards, HA-BSI due to S. aureus and Acinetobacter spp. (respectively 0.3 [95% CI 0.21–0.32] and 0.11 [0.08–0.16] new infections per 100 patient-days) showed significantly higher incidence rates, peaking in the COVID-ICU setting. Conversely, E. coli incident risk was 48% lower in COVID-positive vs COVID-negative settings (IRR 0.53 [0.34–0.77]). Among COVID + patients, 48% (n = 38/79) of S. aureus isolates were resistant to methicillin and 40% (n = 10/25) of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to carbapenems.

Conclusions
The data presented here indicate that the spectrum of pathogens causing BSI in ordinary wards and intensive care units varied during the pandemic, with the greatest shift experienced by COVID-ICUs. Antimicrobial resistance of selected high-priority bacteria was high in COVID positive settings.
Mathematical modeling and solution of nonlinear vibration problem of laminated plates with CNT originating layers interacting with two-parameter elastic foundation
Authors: Avey M. , Kadioglu F. , Ahmetolan S. , Fantuzzi N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGeneralizing the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FOPT) proposed by Ambartsumyan (Theory of anisotropic plates, Nauka, Moscow, 1967 (in Russian)) to the heterogeneous laminated nanocomposite plates and the nonlinear vibration problem is analytically solved taking into account an elastic medium in this study for the first time. The Pasternak-type elastic foundation model (PT-EF) is used as the elastic medium model. After creating the mathematical models of laminated rectangular plates with CNT originating layers on the PT-EF, the large amplitude stress–strain relationships and motion equations are derived in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) within FOPT. Then, by applying Galerkin's method to the derived equations, it is reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NL-ODE) containing the second- and third-order nonlinear terms of the deflection function for laminated rectangular plates composed of nanocomposite layers. The NL-ODE is solved by the semi-inverse method, and the nonlinear frequency–amplitude relationship for the laminated plates consisting of CNT originating layers resting on the PT-EF is established within FOPT for the first time. From these relations, similar relations can be obtained particularly for the unconstrained laminated and monolayer CNT patterns plates. After comparing the accuracy of the obtained formulas with the reliable results in the literature, comprehensive numerical analyses are performed.
Flexible Large-Area Graphene Films of 50–600 nm Thickness with High Carrier Mobility
Authors: Luo Shiyu , Peng Li , Xie Yangsu , Cao Xiaoxue , Wang Xiao , Liu Xiaoting , Chen Tingting , Han Zhanpo , Fan Peidong , Sun Haiyan , Shen Ying , Guo Fan , Xia Yuxing , Li Kaiwen , Ming Xin , Gao Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBulk graphene nanofilms feature fast electronic and phonon transport in combination with strong light–matter interaction and thus have great potential for versatile applications, spanning from photonic, electronic, and optoelectronic devices to charge-stripping and electromagnetic shielding, etc. However, large-area flexible close-stacked graphene nanofilms with a wide thickness range have yet to be reported. Here, we report a polyacrylonitrile-assisted ‘substrate replacement’ strategy to fabricate large-area free-standing graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanofilms (lateral size ~ 20 cm). Linear polyacrylonitrile chains-derived nanochannels promote the escape of gases and enable macro-assembled graphene nanofilms (nMAGs) of 50–600 nm thickness following heat treatment at 3,000 °C. The uniform nMAGs exhibit 802–1,540 cm2 V−1 s−1 carrier mobility, 4.3–4.7 ps carrier lifetime, and > 1,581 W m−1 K−1 thermal conductivity (nMAG-assembled 10 µm-thick films, mMAGs). nMAGs are highly flexible and show no structure damage even after 1.0 × 105 cycles of folding–unfolding. Furthermore, nMAGs broaden the detection region of graphene/silicon heterojunction from near-infrared to mid-infrared and demonstrate higher absolute electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness than state-of-the-art EMI materials of the same thickness. These results are expected to lead to the broad applications of such bulk nanofilms, especially as micro/nanoelectronic and optoelectronic platforms.
Vapour polishing of fused deposition modelling (FDM) parts: a critical review of different techniques, and subsequent surface finish and mechanical properties of the post-processed 3D-printed parts
Authors: Mathew Amal , Kishore S. Ram , Tomy Anchil Tona , Sugavaneswaran M. , Scholz Steffen G. , Elkaseer Ahmed , Wilson Vincent H. , John Rajan A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFused deposition modelling (FDM), one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing techniques in the industry, involves layer-by-layer deposition of melted material to create a 3D structure. The staircase and beading effect caused by the printing process and temperature variation cause delamination and poor surface finish in FDM-printed parts. This hinders the use of these specimens in various applications, which are then usually resolved using pre-processing and post-processing techniques. Higher surface finish in pre-processing is achieved by increasing the resolution, changing layer thickness and optimizing build orientation. However, this increases the processing time considerably. On the other hand, post-processing techniques involve different processes such as mechanical, chemical, thermal and hybrid methods but can affect the mechanical and structural properties of the printed components. This review paper analyses three different aspects in the area of improving the surface finish of FDM-printed parts. First, this article reviews the state-of-the-art attempts made to improve the surface finish of FDM-printed parts concentrated mainly on different vapour polishing techniques and their respective merits and demerits. Second, it focuses on the changes in mechanical properties before and after polishing. Finally, the paper explores the development in the 3D printing of thermosets and composite materials and their post-processing processes and process parameters.
Damper model identification using mixed physical and machine-learning-based approach
Authors: Zilletti M. , Fosco E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the identification of a time domain model of a helicopter main rotor lead-lag damper is discussed. Previous studies have shown that lead-lag dampers have a significant contribution to the overall aircraft dynamics, therefore an accurate damper model is essential to predict complex phenomena such as instabilities, limit cycles, etc. Due to the inherently nonlinear dynamics and the complex internal architecture of these components, the model identification can be a challenging task. In this paper, a hybrid physical/machine-learning-based approach has been used to identify a damper model based on experimental test data. The model, called grey box, consists of a combination of a white box, i.e. a physical model described by differential equations, and a black box, i.e. regression numerical model. The white box approximates the core physical behaviour of the damper while the black box improves the overall accuracy by capturing the complex dynamic not included in the white box. The paper shows that, at room temperature, the grey box is able to predict the damper force when either a multi-frequency harmonic or a random input displacement is imposed. The model is validated up to 20Hz and for the entire damper dynamic stroke.
Participant engagement to develop report-back materials for personal air monitoring
Authors: Ryan Patrick H. , Wolfe Chris , Parsons Allison , Brokamp Cole , Turner Ashley , Haynes Erin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Studies that measure environmental exposures in biological samples frequently provide participants their results. In contrast, studies using personal air monitors do not typically provide participants their monitoring results. The objective of this study was to engage adolescents who completed personal air sampling and their caregivers to develop understandable and actionable report-back documents containing the results of their personal air sampling.

Methods:
Adolescents and their caregivers who previously completed personal air sampling participated in focus groups to guide the development of report-back materials. We conducted thematic analyses of focus group data to guide the design of the report-back document and convened experts in community engagement, reporting study results, and human subjects research to provide feedback. Final revisions to the report-back document were made based on follow-up focus group feedback.

Results:
Focus groups identified critical components of an air-monitoring report-back document to include an overview of the pollutant being measured, a comparison of individual personal sampling data to the overall study population, a guide to interpreting results, visualization of individual data, and additional information on pollution sources, health risks, and exposure reduction strategies. Participants also indicated their desire to receive study results in an electronic and interactive format. The final report-back document was electronic and included background information, participants’ results presented using interactive maps and figures, and additional material regarding pollution sources.

Conclusion:
Studies using personal air monitoring technology should provide research participants their results in an understandable and meaningful way to empower participants with increased knowledge to guide exposure reduction strategies.