bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Endobronchial Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosing Lung Cancer in Bronchoscopically Visible Tumors
Authors: Patil Shital , Acharya Abhijit , Narwade Ganesh 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of lung cancer, and various techniques have documented increase in diagnostic sensitivity. In this study, we have analyzed the role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis of lung cancer with special emphasis on endobronchial needle aspiration cytology (EBNA) in comparison to other conventional diagnostic techniques (CDTs) such as bronchial wash (BW) and forcep biopsy (FB).

Materials and Methods:
Prospective, observational study screened 1564 cases with suspected lung malignancy on clinical and radiological basis. Bronchoscopy-guided techniques such as EBNA, BW, and FB are used in exophytic endobronchial lesions (EELs) in confirming the diagnosis of lung cancer and to find additive yield over other techniques such as BW and FB. Rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) analysis of all EBNA samples done in pathology lab allied center. Finally, histopathology proven 917 lung malignancy cases are included in this study. Statistical analysis is done by using chi-test.

Results:
In this study, 917 diagnosed lung cancer patients between 29 and 85 age group predominant 61.83% (567/917) and smokers by addiction in 52.12% (478/917) cases. Presented with cough in 80.80% (741/917), clubbing in 55.83% (512/917) cases, and mass lesion in chest radiograph in 53.10% (487/917) cases. Anatomical location is documented on the right side of tracheobronchial in 58.66% (538/917) cases during bronchoscopy. Yield of FB and FB plus BW in EEL is 86.69% (795/917) and 90.94% (834/917), respectively. Yield of EBNA, EBNA plus BW, and EBNA plus FB in EEL is 70.22% (644/917), 75.13% (689/917), and 97.16% (891/917), respectively. Overall yield of all bronchoscopy-guided techniques (EBNA + FB + BW) in our study in EEL is 100%. Additional yield of EBNA in EEL over other CDTs (FB plus BW) is 9.06%. Sensitivity of FB and EBNA in diagnosing lung malignancy in EEL is 86.69% and 70.22%, respectively. FB is more sensitive technique than EBNA in EEL (P < 0.00001). Sensitivity of FB plus BW in EEL is 90.94% (834/917). Sensitivity of EBNA plus BW in EEL is 75.13% (689/917). Sensitivity of EBNA plus FB in EEL is 97.16% (891/917) (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:
EBNA is underutilized bronchoscopic technique in visible endobronchial lesions (exophytic endobronchial type) in spite of satisfactory diagnostic yield as compared with other CDTs. Although FB is most commonly preferred technique in bronchoscopically visible tumors, the addition of EBNA has improved overall diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy and decreased need for repeat bronchoscopy procedure.
Role of nanoparticles loaded with pirfenidone after bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in adult male albino rats
Authors: Kamel Asmaa K.R. , Mahmoud Mamdouh A. , Haiba Doaa A. , Azzam Asmaa R. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Lung fibrosis is a severe form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Targeting cells is a good approach in drug delivery. Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic drug ‘used’ for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Aim
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of nanoparticles (niosomes) loaded with pirfenidone on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in adult male albino rats with different histological techniques.

Material and methods
A total of 40 rats were divided into six groups: group I, control (five rats); group II pirfenidone treated (five rats); group III, encapsulated-pirfenidone treated (five rats); group IV, bleomycin treated (five rats); group V, bleomycin-pirfenidone treated (10 rats), which was then subdivided into two subgroups, that is, subgroup Va (five rats) and subgroup Vb (five rats); and group VI, bleomycin-encapsulated-pirfenidone treated (10 rats), which was then subdivided into two subgroups, that is, subgroup VI a (five rats) and subgroup VIb (five rats). Lung specimens were stained using hematoxylin and eosin-stained, Masson’s trichrome, anti-transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and toluidine blue for light microscopic examination and transmission electron microscopy. Assessments of mean area % of the stained collagen fibers and intensity of TGF-β1 and the mean thickness of blood–air barrier of ultrathin sections were performed and then subjected to statistical analysis.

Results
Encapsulated pirfenidone-treated subgroups showed more patent alveoli, sacs, and ducts; patent bronchioles; blood vessels; and more type I pneumocytes and less type II. The blood–air barrier had thin basal lamina. There were better results in collagen deposition and TGF-β1 in lung tissues with encapsulated pirfenidone treatment.

Conclusion
Encapsulated pirfenidone resulted in better improvement than using pirfenidone only.
Serum B-cell maturation antigen level in multiple myeloma
Authors: El Shewaikh Hend S. , El-Shahat Dina A. , Taha Atef M. , Abdo Nagwa M.B.-E. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of plasma cells that accumulate in the bone marrow producing excessive amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins (Ig) and suppression of other normal polyclonal Igs, leading to bone destruction and marrow failure. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is known to bind to B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) or a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), leading to the activation of cell proliferation pathways and upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins, which is considered the main step in the pathogenesis of MM.

Aim
This study was planned to evaluate serum BCMA levels in MM patients and its clinical significance.

Patients and methods
This study was carried out on 40 newly diagnosed MM patients and 40 apparently healthy individuals served as the control. The two studied groups were compared as regards serum BCMA levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results
Results showed that there was a statistically significant increase in MM patients when compared with the control group, and there was a significant positive correlation between BCMA level and plasma cells in bone marrow, M protein, number of bone lesions, and beta-2 microglobulin. However there was no correlation between BCMA level and age, creatinine, and hemoglobin.

Conclusion
Serum BCMA level was significantly elevated in MM patients compared with healthy controls that may suggest the role of BCMA in the pathogenesis of MM. The high sensitivity of BCMA suggests that it may be a novel diagnostic marker, and its level was positively correlated with other prognostic markers. It may be used as a prognostic marker in MM patients.
Serum osteoprotegerin level in relation to ankle-brachial index among type 2 diabetic patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Shoaeeb Ghada A. , Atef Marwa M. , Ezzat Sherif E. , Elahwal Loai M. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundOsteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as an important regulatory molecule in vascular disease. The presence of diabetes mellitus greatly increases the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD), and also both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism have been clearly linked with dyslipidemia, which is a known risk factor for peripheral arterial disease.AimWe aimed to evaluate the relation between serum OPG and PAD among type 2 diabetic patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).Patients and methodsA total of 60 participants were enrolled in the study who were divided into three groups: group 1 included 20 type 2 diabetic patients with normal thyroid function, group 2 included 20 type 2 diabetic patients with SCH, and group 3 included 20 healthy participants. They were subjected to complete history taking, complete clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, serum OPG level, neck ultrasound, and Doppler study for ankle-brachial index (ABI).ResultsWe found that OPG levels were statistically elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with SCH group compared with type 2 diabetic patients with euthyroidism (P=0.040). Also there was lower ABI in type 2 diabetic patients with SCH compared with those with euthyroidism, showing an increased incidence of PAD in group 2 than group 1 and nondiabetic patients, with statistically significant results in between groups.ConclusionsOur results found that diabetic patients with SCH revealed an independent association between thyroid-stimulating hormone and serum level of OPG. Likewise, we found a statistically significant difference between OPG level and ABI among type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, OPG can act as a marker of PAD among diabetic patients with SCH.
Effect of vitamin D replacement therapy on laboratory parameters in hepatitis C virus cirrhotic patients
Authors: Radwan Amira M. , Tawfik Mohammed A. , Nagy Hala M. , Kotb Nesreen A. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Liver is a crucial organ for vitamin D metabolism, so vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in liver cirrhosis patients. Hepatitis C is also a global infective disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and chronic hepatitis leads to liver cirrhosis.

Aim
To evaluate vitamin D replacement therapy effect through laboratory parameters in HCV cirrhotic patients.

Patients and methods
Actual enrollment of 25 HCV cirrhotic patients (compensated and decompensated) with a 25(OH)D level of less than 30 ng/ml. All study population are subjected to be investigated at the baseline visit for 25(OH)D, ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, complete blood count, random blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), renal function tests, and liver function tests. Study participants received appointments for follow-up visits during the 12 weeks of vitamin D replacement therapy.

Results
After 3 months of vitamin D replacement therapy, the vitamin D level significantly improved (P=0.001), with significant increase in ionized calcium (P=0.001) and HbA1C (P=0.001). Vitamin D was significantly decreased as the Child score progressed from A to C (P=0.001). There was a significantly negative correlation among vitamin D level, Child score, and prothrombin time. However there was significant positive correlation among vitamin D level, platelet count, albumin, and ionized calcium. These correlations were before and after treatment.

Conclusion
In HCV cirrhotic patients, supplementation with vitamin D significantly increased 25(OH)D level and ionized calcium. Also, this was associated with improvement of HbA1C, but there was no significant effect on liver function parameters.
Los gráficos, desde fuera de la redacción (7)
Authors: Clapers Jordi 
Published: May 2023

El grafista Jordi Clapers es sin duda uno de los infografistas españoles con más experiencia en salidas de la redacción, para tomar los bocetos de los hechos a infografiar y de ello escribe en este nuevo artículo sobre infoperiodismo.
Se trata de la séptima entrega del libro colectivo sobre infografía periodística, iniciado por Mario R. García, del Poynter Institute de Florida (USA), y continuado por Elio Leturia, grafista del diario norteamericano The Detroit Free Press; por el catedrático de Periodismo José Manuel de Pablos, de la Universidad de La Laguna (Canarias), y por el ex director de arte del diario Le Monde (París), Michel Gafré.
Impacts of Fines at Morupule Coal Mine, Botswana
Authors: Saubi Onalethata , S Suglo Raymond , Konka Bheemalingeswara 
Published: May 2023

Morupule Coal Mine (MCM) classifies fines as coal particles that are less than 3.35 mm in size. Fines are one of the problems MCM is facing and have occasionally led to penalties from some customers. This paper quantifies the fines generated in MCM from the working face to the run-of-mine stockpile and its economic and environmental impacts. Data about the wash plant's production losses were collected through an examination of missed deadlines, stoppages due to tail-end blockages, and conveyor belt breakdowns using company reports. Data on coal dust concentrations were obtained from the mine. It was found that the overall haulage system generates about 27% of the fines of the coal produced monthly. The total monetary loss per shift from production and the wash plant is BWP 418,285. Coal dust concentration underground is kept within acceptable limits due to strict engineering control measures while it exceeds the required levels on the surface and is difficult to control as it is exposed to the atmosphere. As a result, the vegetation around the mining concession is affected by coal dust.

Fine generation; Dust production; Coal degeneration; Economic impact; environmental impact.
Fashion-ology
Authors: Kawamura Yuniya 
Published: May 2023

This new edition of a classic work offers a concise introduction to the sociology of fashion, and demystifies the workings of the fashion system. From the origins of fashion studies and the difference between clothing and fashion, through to an examination of 21st century subcultures, and the impact of the digital age on designers, Fashion-ology explores fashion as a global, institutionalized system. With accessible overviews of key debates, issues and perspectives, Yuniya Kawamura provides a complete exploration of the field.
Two new chapters have been added for this third edition, covering ‘The Diversification and Changing Landscapes of Fashion Systems’ and ‘Ecological and Social Sustainability in Fashion’ respectively.
There’s also more on:
- the metaverse as the latest fashion system
- the de-Westernization of fashion
- postmodern discourse on fashion’s relationship to race, gender and class
- social media as consumption, production, evaluation, and marketing
- fashion weeks, including Modest Fashion Week, Black Fashion Week, the Global Sustainability Fashion Week, and Queer Fashion Week
There’s also a guide to sociological research in fashion, making this essential reading for anyone studying fashion, sociology, anthropology, or cultural studies.
Einstieg in den CO2-Zertifikatehandel
Authors: Zietz Rouven 
Published: May 2023

Frankfurt a.M. Im Mai 2022 wurde das Projekt auf dem Pilotbetrieb von Heinrich Esser in Erftstadt gestartet. Mit der Aussaat von Winterweizen im Herbst 2022 wurden auf acht Versuchsflächen verschiedene pflanzenbauliche Maßnahmen etabliert, um die CO₂-Emissionen zu reduzieren.
Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves on Bisphenol-A Induced Histological Changes of Hepatocytes in Albino Rats
Authors: Zaheer Attya , Nazir Shakeela , Sidiqque Nazia , Qamar Fatima , Hussain Ashiq , Ahmed Mushtaq 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To observe the effects of Moringa Oleifera leaves extract on BPA induced changes (Diameter of hepatocytes and vacuolization) in liver of rats.
Study Design: Experimental study, conducted at Post Graduate Medical Institute.
Methodology: This study was performed on 32 adult rats for seven weeks. They were divided into 4 equal groups A, B, C and D. Group A was control received corn oil only. Group B, received BPA only 50mg/kg/bw. Group C and D received BPA 50mg/kg along with MoLE 250mg and 500mg. Liver was removed and was fixed in 10% formalin. To observe the effect of BPA and MoLE, slides were prepared for histological examination. For Hepatocytes, diameter and vacuolization was observed. The statistical analysis of results was done by using SPSS 21.
Result: In group B, vacuolization (87.5% of animals) and statistical significant increase in mean diameter (19.7±1.3) of hepatocytes was seen. Presence of vacuoles has presumably lead to an increase in diameter . However in Groups C 50% of animals showed vacuolization and mean mean hepatocyte diameter was 17.0±1.1. In Group D 25% of animals showed vacuolization and mean mean hepatocyte diameter decreased to14.6±1 after administration of MoLE.
SERUM ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN LEVELS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Rasheed Chaudhry Sana , Rashid Chaudhry Zunnera , Iqbal Komal , Rashid Chaudhry Erum , Lodhi Hifza Noor , Yasmin Samita , Saeed Muniza 
Published: May 2023

Background.
This study was planned determine and compare the levels of ischemia modified albumin in controls and diabetic patients with and without retinopathy.
Materials and Methods: Diabetic Clinic of Lahore General Hospital was selected the conduction of the study in collaboration with an opthalmologists from September 2014-May 2015. 60 subjects of either sex were chosen and were separated into 3 groups with 20 subjects in each group. Group 1 was of normal healthy controls, group 2 of diabetics without retinopathy and group 3 of diabetics with retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist by an indirect method using a 90D lens on slit lamp examination, and IMA levels were determined by rapid calorimetric method.
Results: The median (IQR) of serum levels of IMA in three groups were 0.51(0.43-0.54) in group I, 0.59(0.53-0.61) in group II and 0.63(0.59-0.71) ABSU .A significantly higher IMA levels in diabetics with retinopathy were seen as compared to diabetic without retinopathy and control with a p value of 0.00 respectively.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that serum IMA levels raise as the diabetes progresses in its complications.
Methane, ethane, and propane production in Greenland ice core samples and a first isotopic characterization of excess methane
Authors: Mühl Michaela , Schmitt Jochen , Seth Barbara , Lee James E. , Edwards Jon S. , Brook Edward J. , Blunier Thomas , Fischer Hubertus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Air trapped in polar ice provides unique records of the past
atmospheric composition ranging from key greenhouse gases such as methane
(CH4) to short-lived trace gases like ethane (C2H6) and
propane (C3H8). Recently, the comparison of CH4 records
obtained using different extraction methods revealed disagreements in the
CH4 concentration for the last glacial in Greenland ice. Elevated
methane levels were detected in dust-rich ice core sections measured
discretely, pointing to a process sensitive to the melt extraction technique. To shed light on the underlying mechanism, we performed targeted experiments and analyzed samples for methane and the short-chain alkanes ethane and propane covering the time interval from 12 to 42 kyr. Here, we report our findings of these elevated alkane concentrations, which scale linearly with the amount of mineral dust within the ice samples. The alkane production happens during the melt extraction step of the classic wet-extraction technique and reaches 14 to 91 ppb of CH4 excess in dusty ice samples. We document for the first time a co-production of excess methane, ethane, and propane, with the observed concentrations for ethane and propane exceeding their past atmospheric background at least by a factor of 10. Independent of the produced amounts, excess alkanes were produced in a fixed molar ratio of approximately 14:2:1, indicating a shared origin. The measured carbon isotopic signature of excess methane is (-47.0±2.9) ‰ and its deuterium isotopic signature is (-326±57) ‰. With the co-production ratios of excess alkanes
and the isotopic composition of excess methane we established a fingerprint
that allows us to constrain potential formation processes. This fingerprint
is not in line with a microbial origin. Moreover, an adsorption–desorption
process of thermogenic gas on dust particles transported to Greenland
does not appear very likely. Instead, the alkane pattern appears to be
indicative of abiotic decomposition of organic matter as found in soils and
plant leaves.
الفكر القومي العربي لدى ساطع الحصري
Authors: عواطف سعيد امحمد علي  
Published: May 2023

إن هذا البحث المعنون بـ" الفكر القومي العربي لدى ساطع الحصري" هو محاولة لشرح وتحليل أحد مؤلفاته؛ فليس باستطاعتنا أن ندرس الفكر القومي لدى ساطع الحصري في مؤلفاته المتعددة، بل سنشير إلى إحداها الصادر في فترة ما بين الحربين، وهو أهمهما على الإطلاق: "آراء وأحاديث في الوطنية والقومية" والذي يعد المرتكز الأساسي لفكره القومي، وهو عبارة عن مجموعة محاضرات ومقالات تحوم حول الوطنية، والقومية بوجه عام، وحول الوطنية العربية، والقومية بوجه خاص وكان الحصري حريصًا على تحديد مفرداته، وأهمها الوطنية والقومية، وتعني الوطنية حب الوطن، والقومية هي حب الأمة، وحدد عوامل القومية، ويرى أنها تتركز في عاملين أساسيين هما: اللغة والتاريخ. ويحاول أن يشير إلى أهمية تقوية الإيمان القومي، وأن يبعد عن الشباب روح القنوط بسبب ما تواجهه الأمة من عقبات، ويرى أن الأمة العربية التي نهضت في الماضي لابد أن تستعيد المكانة اللائقة بها. ويوجه الحصري النظر إلى خطر انتشار النزعة الأممية على أبناء الضاد، ويدعو لمنع تسرب هذه النزعة إلى النفوس.
وعن الوحدة الإسلامية والوحدة العربية يرى أن الوحدة الإسلامية فكرة طوبائية، لا يمكن أن تتحقق في هذا العصر، وأن ما يمكن تحقيقه هو الأخوة الإسلامية، أما الوحدة العربية، فهي طبيعية تستمد وجودها من وجود الأمة العربية.
مستوى السلوك الإجرامي لدي المرأة (أسبابه وأثاره)من وجهة نظر رجال الأمن (مركز شرطة القرضة/ أقعيد)
Authors: ميز محمد خليفة ضو  
Published: May 2023

تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف علي مستوى السلوك الإجرامي لدي المرأة من وجهة نظر رجال الامن (مركز شرطة القرضة/ مديرية أمن سبها) و يرجع سبب اختياره إلى قلة الاهتمام العلمي به، حيث نحاول من خلال الدراسة بيان واقع السلوك الإجرامي عند المرأة ، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف قامت الباحثة بإعداد أداة لجمع المعلومات اللازمة بموضوع الدراسة كمقياس السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة في ضوء بعض المتغيرات (الجنس- المؤهل العلمي-المسمى الوظيفي– الحالة الاجتماعية- الخبرة- مركز الشرطة) وتم تطبيق اداة البحث المتكونة من اربعة أبعاد (عوامل شخصية (ذاتية)- عوامل ثقافية تربوية- عوامل اقتصادية- عوامل اجتماعية) وتكونت العينة من (60) رجل أمن، وتم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، واستخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم تحليل البيانات بواسطة الاساليب الاحصائية المناسبة ، وقد أسفرت نتائج البحث علي التالي: أن أفراد العينة بالمجمل أن يروا بأن السلوك الإجرامي لدى المرأة داخل مدينة سبها لديهم يصل لمستوى متوسط نسبيا، ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة من وجهة نظر رجال الأمن في (العوامل الشخصية (الذاتية)) و (العوامل الاقتصادية) و(العوامل الثقافية التربوية) والأداة ككل، وتوجد فروق في السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة من وجهة نظر رجال الأمن في (العوامل الاجتماعية)وفقا لمتغير الجنس وهذه الفروق كانت لصالح الإناث ، كما لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة من وجهة نظر رجال الامن وفقا لمتغير المؤهل العلمي، ايضا لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة من وجهة نظر رجال الامن وفقا لمتغير المسمى الوظيفي، لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة من وجهة نظر رجال الامن وفقا لمتغير الحالة الاجتماعية، ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة من وجهة نظر رجال الأمن في (العوامل الشخصية (الذاتية)) و (العوامل الاقتصادية) وتوجد فروق في السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة في و(العوامل الثقافية التربوية) و(العوامل الاجتماعية) والأداة ككل وفقا لمتغير الخبرة، وهذه الفروق لصالح رجال الأمن الذين خبرتهم (أقل من 5 سنوات)، كما لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في السلوك الاجرامي لدى المرأة من وجهة نظر رجال الامن وفقا لمتغير مركز الشرطة.