bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and projected incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in 43 countries: an analysis of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database
Authors: Shou Songting , Liu Rui , He Jie , Jiang Xiaochen , Liu Fudong , Li Yi , Zhang Xiyuan , En Geer , Pu Zhiqing , Hua Baojin , Pang Bo , Zhang Xing 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe aetiology of pancreatic cancer is complex, and there is limited research on its incidence. We aimed to investigate the incidence trends of pancreatic cancer in 43 countries and predict trends up to 2030.MethodsThe annual incidence of pancreatic cancer was obtained from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database, which comprises 108 cancer registries from 43 countries. Based on available data, we calculated age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100 000 people for 1988–2012. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the number of new cases and incidence rates up to 2030.ResultsFrom 1988 to 2012, the global incidence rate of pancreatic cancer showed a continuously increasing trend, with the ASR increasing from 5.89 in 1988 to 6.78 in 2012, representing an overall average annual percentage change of 8.45%. This increasing trend is expected to persist in most selected countries, whereas a few countries are projected to exhibit a declining trend by 2030.ConclusionIt appears that the future global incidence of pancreatic cancer is on the rise, but the rate of increase varies among different countries, with some showing a declining trend.
Acceptance of multiple micronutrient supplementations (MMS) and iron and folic acid supplement utilisation among pregnant and lactating women in the rural part of Ethiopia, 2022: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abebe Finina , Kidanemariam Yordanos Tadesse , Tsegaw Menen , Birhanu Zewdie , Abdi Ahmednasir , Chitekwe Stanley , Sharma Rachana , Getachew Hiwot , Noor Ramadhani , Aden Asli Hassan , Chuko Tesfaye , Dejene Tariku , Dawd Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo assess the acceptance of multiple micronutrient supplements and current iron and folic acid supplement utilisation among pregnant and lactating women in rural Ethiopia.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study using a mixed method.SettingThis study was carried out in five regions (Oromia, Gambela, Sidama, SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region) and Somali) of Ethiopia, 2022. A multistage random sampling technique was employed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 410 pregnant and lactating women. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for the five Focused Group Discussions and fifteen Key Informant Interviews. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted with a p value<0.05, and a 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were coded and analysed thematically.ParticipantsA total of 410 pregnant and lactating women.ResultsThe overall level of iron-folic acid utilisation was 59.3%. The odds of using iron-folic acid among pregnant and lactating women in the Sidama region are significantly lower compared with Oromia (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.12, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.38). Lactating women have significantly lower odds of using iron-folic acid compared with pregnant women (AOR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.17). Taking medication or supplements significantly increases the odds of iron-folic acid use (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.95). Recommending a new nutrition supplement significantly increases the odds of iron-folic acid use (AOR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.68).ConclusionsThe consumption of iron-folic acid supplements among pregnant and lactating women in Ethiopia is lower than in other studies. Factors associated with iron-folic acid utilisation include region, taking medication/supplements, recommending nutrition and being a lactating mother. To ensure accessibility, the product should be sold in all town shops, pharmacies and through home delivery. Additionally, a strategy should be developed to provide access to the product in each adjacent community centre. Awareness creation should be a priority for community members to avoid misconceptions about pregnancy-related supplements.
IoC2 monitoring versus standard practice in reducing opioid consumption in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Zhe , Cai Huamei , Yan Yun , Liu Xiaowen , Zhao Jing 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionNociception monitoring has recently gained recognition as a valuable tool for guiding intraoperative opioid administration. Several nociception monitors, including the Surgical Pleth Index, the Index of Consciousness (IoC) and the Nociception Level, have been introduced for managing intraoperative analgesia. While these technologies show promise in initial applications, the effectiveness of IoC2 in guiding pain management during anaesthesia, particularly in elderly patients who require precise opioid use, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of IoC2 in guiding intraoperative opioid use in elderly patients.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a prospective, randomised, controlled, single-blind, single-centre study with recruitment carried out from 1 February to 30 November 2025. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the IoC2 group or the control group. In the IoC2 group, sufentanil dosing will be guided by intraoperative IoC2 measurements, while in the control group, it will be guided by haemodynamic parameters. The primary outcome will be to compare intraoperative sufentanil consumption between the two groups to assess the potential role of IoC2 in optimising perioperative analgesia in elderly patients.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the ethics committee of China-Japan Friendship Hospital (2024-KY-148-3) and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400089115). The findings will be disseminated through academic presentations and peer-reviewed journal publications, providing valuable data and insights into the role of IoC2 in guiding intraoperative pain management.Trial registration numberChiCTR2400089115.
Using an app for COVID-19 contact tracing costs less per person traced than manual tracing: microcosting analysis of a randomised trial in Cameroon
Authors: Songane Mario , Tchakounte Youngui Boris , Mambo Albert , Bonabe Georges , Djikeussi Tatiana , Epee Emilienne , Tsigaing Philippe Narcisse , Ndongo Marie Louise Aimée , Mayap Njoukam Christelle , Kana Rogacien , Tenkeu Sylvain Zemsi , Simo Leonie , Kouatchouang Adrienne Vanessa , Machekano Rhoderick , Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Anne-Cecile , Tchendjou Patrice , Tiam Appolinaire , Guay Laura , Suleiman Khairunisa , Akinwusi Olukunle , Kadam Rigveda , Akugizibwe Paula , Mukherjee Sushant , Woelk Godfrey , Tchounga Boris 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 contact tracing in Cameroon has been done manually using paper forms and phone calls. However, there were reports of inaccurate contact details, resulting in delays in identifying and testing contacts. A recently introduced digital contact-tracing module using the Mamal Pro app automatically sends SMS messages to notify all reported contacts and the district unit. We assessed the total costs, cost per contact reached, tested and found SARS-CoV-2-positive for both manual (standard of care, SOC) and app-based (intervention, ITV) contact-tracing approaches.MethodsA cluster randomised trial comparing the SOC and ITV was implemented across eight health districts in Cameroon between October 2022 and March 2023. The cost per contact reached, tested and found SARS-CoV-2-positive was calculated by dividing the total cost of each approach by the number of contacts reached, tested and found SARS-CoV-2-positive, respectively. We also estimated the minimum number of SARS-CoV-2-positive contacts that need to be found and the maximum total cost of ITV in order to equal the SOC’s cost per SARS-CoV-2-positive contact.ResultsIn the SOC, of 849 contacts identified, 463, 123 and 5 were reached, tested and found SARS-CoV-2-positive, respectively. In the ITV, of the 854 contacts identified, 801, 182 and 4 were reached, tested and found SARS-CoV-2-positive, respectively. In the SOC, the cost per contact reached was US$70, per contact tested was US$262 and per SARS-CoV-2-positive contact was US$6437. In the ITV, the cost per contact reached was US$48, per contact tested was US$210 and per SARS-CoV-2-positive contact was US$9573. The minimum number of SARS-CoV-2-positive contacts the ITV needs to find and the maximum total cost of the ITV to equal the SOC’s cost per SARS-CoV-2-positive were 6 and US$25 748, respectively.ConclusionUsing the Mamal Pro digital contact tracing app module increased the number of clients’ contacts reached and tested for SARS-CoV-2 and reduced the cost per contact reached and tested.Trial registration numberNCT05684887.
Retrospective cross-sectional study on bronchiectasis in adult Aboriginal Australians: disease characteristics and comparison with ethnically diverse global bronchiectasis registry cohorts
Authors: Heraganahally Subash , Gibbs Claire , J Ravichandran Shiidheshwar , Erdenebayar Davaadorj , Chen Winnie , Abeyaratne Asanga , Jersmann Hubertus , Jayaram Lata , Howarth Timothy 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundGlobally, adult Indigenous people, including Aboriginal Australians, have a high burden of chronic respiratory disorders, and bronchiectasis is no exception. However, literature detailing bronchiectasis disease characteristics among adult Indigenous people is sparse. This study assessed the clinical profile of bronchiectasis among adult Aboriginal Australians and compared against previously published international bronchiectasis registry reports.MethodsAboriginal Australians aged >18 years with chest CT confirmed bronchiectasis between 2011 and 2020 in the Top End Northern Territory of Australia were included. Demographics, chest CT findings, pulmonary function results, sputum microbiology, coexistent medical comorbidities, and pharmacotherapy use were assessed and compared against five published international bronchiectasis registry reports (Australian (ABR), European (European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC)-Europe), Indian (EMBARC-India), Korean (KMBARC) and the USA (USBRR)).ResultsA total of 459 patients were assessed. In comparison with international and non-Aboriginal Australian national cohorts, Aboriginal Australians were younger (median 56 years (IQR (48, 65)); however, sex distribution (55% female) and body mass index (23 kg/m2(IQR 19.4–27)) were comparable . Smoking rates were higher at 85% compared with other registry cohorts (22–46%) as was the prevalence of comorbidities (97%): cardiovascular diseases (73%), diabetes mellitus (50%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (83%) compared with other registry cohorts (4–32%; 6–14%; and 14–37%, respectively). Spirometry demonstrated forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 38% predicted in comparison with 61–77% in other cohorts. Sputum microbiology showedHaemophilus influenzae(57%) isolated at 3.4 to 6 times the rate of other registry cohorts andPseudomonas aeruginosain 31%. Chest CT demonstrated multilobar and lower lobes involvement in 73% and inhaled pharmacotherapy use was recorded in up to 62% and long-term antibiotics in 5%.ConclusionThe overall bronchiectasis disease burden is higher in Aboriginal Australian adults in comparison with global ethnically diverse non-Indigenous populations. Further efforts are required to address this disparity secondary to bronchiectasis among Indigenous people.
Effect of home environment on neuropsychiatric development in preterm infants discharged from NICU at 18 months corrected age
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhang Chuncao , Liu Feng , Hong Xia , Shen Li , Chen Jinjin , Jiang Haifeng 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThere have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants, but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in preterm infants. The aspects and extent to which the home environment affects the early (18 months corrected age) neuropsychological development of preterm infants are still unclear.AimsThis study aimed to analyse the effect of the home environment on the neuropsychiatric development of preterm infants at 18 months corrected age after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It also sought to provide a basis for promoting neuropsychiatric development among preterm infants by improving the home environment.MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, 275 preterm infants born between January 2019 and January 2022 were followed up for systematic management after discharge from the NICU at Shanghai Children’s Hospital. The Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the home environment of the infants and analyse its impact on the developmental quotient (evaluated by the Gesell Developmental Scale) and the rate of developmental delays at 18 months corrected age.ResultsA total of 41.454% of the infants were extremely preterm. The developmental quotient scores at 18 months corrected age were in the middle of the scale. The language domain had the highest rate of developmental delay (46.182%), followed by the adaptive domain (37.091%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that compared with infants in supportive home environments, infants with moderate/unsupportive home environments had significantly elevated risks of development delay: 2.162-fold for global (odds ratio (OR) 2.162, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.274 to 3.665, p=0.004), 2.193-fold for fine motor (OR 2.193, 95% CI 1.161 to 4.140, p=0.016), 2.249-fold for language (OR 2.249, 95% CI 1.336 to 3.786, p=0.002) and 2.042-fold for personal-social (OR 2.042, 95% CI 1.149 to 3.628, p=0.015).ConclusionsA supportive home environment is a crucial protective factor for the neuropsychological development of preterm infants. It is associated with higher developmental quotient scores and protects against neuropsychiatric delays. Incorporating evaluation and continuous improvement of the home environment into the management framework for preterm infants to promote optimal neurodevelopment is essential.
Prognostic role of con-/discordant coronary flow reserve and microvascular resistance in coronary microvascular disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Al-Gully Jin , Oliveri Federico , Forouzanfar Jessica Parisa , Montero-Cabezas Jose Manuel , Jukema Johan Wouter , den Haan Melina Cynthia , Al Amri Ibtihal , Bingen Brian Oscar 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCoronary microvascular disease (CMD) is defined as impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR) and/or increased microvascular resistance (MR) without significant epicardial coronary stenosis. This definition allows for discordant CFR and MR values within patients with CMD. The aim of this meta-analysis is to characterise the prognostic value and pathophysiological backgrounds of CFR and MR con-/discordance.MethodsA systematic search (PROSPERO CRD42024573004) identified studies determining CFR and MR in patients without significant epicardial coronary artery disease. Patients were divided into four groups: (1) normal CFR and MR, (2) abnormal CFR and MR, (3) abnormal CFR with normal MR and (4) normal CFR with abnormal MR and analysed for all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsWe identified four studies representing 2310 total participants. Group B had the highest MACE (OR: 3.23; 95% CI 1.95 to 5.36) and mortality rate (OR: 2.27; 95% CI 1.12 to 4.58) compared with group A. Group C, associated with female sex, showed significantly higher MACE (OR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.45) but not mortality (OR: 1.89; 95% CI 0.92 to 3.88) compared with group A. In group D, associated with high body mass index, MACE and mortality rates did not differ significantly from group A (OR: 1.19; 95% CI 0.67 to 2.11 and OR: 0.55; 95% CI 0.16 to 1.90, respectively).ConclusionsAbnormal CFR and MR are associated with a high risk of MACE and death. Abnormal CFR and normal MR are associated with an increased MACE—but not death. MACE and mortality risk in discordantly normal CFR and abnormal MR are low. Our findings show the need for tailoring CFR and MR diagnostic thresholds to patient characteristics and raise questions about the presence of CMD in patients with abnormal MR with normal CFR.
Systolic blood pressure response during exercise testing in symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Nilsson Henric , Bellander Carl , Carlén Anna , Nylander Eva , Hedman Kristofer , Tamás Éva 
Published: January 2025

AimsExercise testing remains underused in patients with aortic stenosis (AS), partly due to concerns about an exercise-induced drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP). We aimed to study the SBP response to exercise in patients with severe symptomatic AS prior to surgery and 1 year postoperatively.MethodsPatients scheduled for aortic valve replacement due to severe symptomatic AS were enrolled at a single centre in a prospective observational cohort study. Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed on a cycle ergometer at baseline and 1 year postoperatively, using standard termination criteria. The SBP response was categorised according to the last measurements of SBP during exercise, in relation to workload (the SBP/watt-slope) as ‘normal’ (>0.25 mm Hg/watt), ‘flat’ (0–0.25 mm Hg/watt) or ‘drop’ (<0 mm Hg/watt).Results45 patients (28 male, 66±9 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 59%±5%, aortic jet velocity 4.6±0.5 m/s) were included, with pairwise comparison available in 31 cases. There were no adverse events. Preoperatively, 4/45 patients were categorised as ‘drop’, 23 as ‘flat’ and 18 as ‘normal’. There was a change in the distribution of categories from preoperative to postoperative measurements (43% ‘normal’ vs 74% ‘normal’, p=0.0046). Maximal SBP and workload-indexed SBP were higher postoperatively than preoperatively (203±26 vs 182±28 mm Hg, p<0.001 and 0.43±0.14 vs 0.29±0.15 mm Hg/watt, p<0.001).ConclusionAs a drop in SBP was infrequent (<10%) in patients with severe symptomatic AS and no adverse events occurred, our results indicate that CPET may be performed under careful monitoring in AS patients. Postoperatively, the SBP reaction improved, with no patient having a drop in SBP.Trial registration numberNCT02790008.
Temporal order of atrial fibrillation and acute myocardial infarction and associated prognosis in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort
Authors: Frederiksen Tanja Charlotte , Christiansen Morten Krogh , Benjamin Emelia J , Olsen Anja , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf , Dahm Christina C 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) share risk factors and are bidirectionally associated. Several studies found higher risks of outcomes in individuals with both conditions. Whether the risks of outcomes differ according to temporal order of AF and AMI is unclear.MethodsThe study was based on the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. We assessed the risk of heart failure (HF), ischaemic stroke (IS) and all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up in participants with both AF and AMI compared with only one and according to the temporal order of AF and AMI in participants with both conditions.ResultsWe identified 5816 participants with newly diagnosed AF only, 3448 with first AMI only, 348 with AF before AMI and 721 participants with AMI before AF. The multivariable-adjusted risks of HF, IS and all-cause mortality were higher among participants with both AF and AMI compared with participants with only AF or AMI. In participants with both, there was no difference in risk of HF (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.17) or IS (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.66) between participants with AF before AMI compared with AMI before AF. AMI before AF was associated with lower all-cause mortality compared with AF before AMI (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.90).ConclusionsRisks of adverse outcomes were higher among participants with both AF and AMI compared with only AF or AMI. All-cause mortality, but not risk of HF or IS, differed according to temporal order with a lower mortality among participants with AMI before AF.
Improving smuon searches with neural networks
Authors: Cornell Alan S. , Fuks Benjamin , Goodsell Mark D. , Ncube Anele M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We demonstrate that neural networks can be used to improve search strategies, over existing strategies, in LHC searches for light electroweak-charged scalars that decay to a muon and a heavy invisible fermion. We propose a new search involving a neural network discriminator as a final cut and show that different signal regions can be defined using networks trained on different subsets of signal samples (distinguishing low-mass and high-mass regions). We also present a workflow using publicly-available analysis tools, that can lead, from background and signal simulation, to network training, through to finding projections for limits using an analysis and libraries to interface network and recasting tools. We provide an estimate of the sensitivity of our search from Run 2 LHC data, and projections for higher luminosities, showing a clear advantage over previous methods.
Vitreous Hemorrhage in Posterior Uveal Melanocytoma: Two Case Reports
Authors: Yeager Lauren B. , Li Chloe Y. , Bogolmony Dmitry , Debelenko Larisa , Marr Brian P. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: We describe the diagnostic challenge by melanocytomas originating from locations other than the optic nerve.Methods: This is a retrospective case report of two patients who presented with vitreous hemorrhage with underlying melanocytomas.Results: Both patients had hemorrhage obscuring indeterminant uveal masses; fine‐needle aspiration biopsies confirmed melanocytoma with necrosis and atypia and, in one case, concern for malignant transformation.Conclusion: Melanocytomas are rare, benign melanocytic lesions that resemble nevi. In contrast to optic nerve melanocytoma, those involving the choroid and ciliary body lack specific clinical characteristics. Vitreous hemorrhage is an underrecognized complication, and uveal melanocytoma must be included in the differential diagnosis of vitreous hemorrhage with associated ciliary body or choroidal mass. Biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis and to identify malignant transformation of the lesion, a rare but possible occurrence.
Intradermal Botulinum Toxin A for Melasma: A Randomized Split‐Face Study Trial and In Vitro Study of Its Antimelanogenic Effect
Authors: Thanasarnaksorn Wilai , Supasiri Thanan , Panich Uraiwan , Thanachaiphiwat Saowalak , Salakshna Nuntida 
Published: January 2025

Background: Melasma is a challenging hyperpigmentation disorder without absolute treatment.Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intradermal botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) on melasma and the protective effects of BoNT‐A on UVA‐induced melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells.Patients/Methods: This study is a split‐face randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in 12 melasma patients who received intradermal abobotulinumtoxinA injection into melasma lesions. An in vitro study was also conducted in B16F10 melanoma cells treated with different concentrations of BoNT‐A prior to exposure to UVA. Cell viability and cellular melanogenesis were determined.Results: The adjusted MASI scores on the BoNT‐A side were significantly lower than the control at 3 months after injection, 2.8 versus 4.5 (p < 0.001), respectively. BoNT‐A injection significantly reduced the MASI score at 2 and 3 months compared with the baseline of 4.1–3.2 (22%) (p < 0.001) and 2.8 (31.7%) (p < 0.001), respectively. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells with or without UVA irradiation were significantly reduced by treatment with BoNT‐A in a dose‐dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity.Conclusions: BoNT‐A has a potentially beneficial effect in the treatment of melasma due to its antimelanogenic effect.Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry identifier: TCTR20250118001