bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Peer-Assisted and Learning Together Techniques on 6th Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension Achievement and Attitudes towards Reading
Authors: Yı̇ğı̇t Fadime , Durukan Erhan  
Published: February 2023

The research aims to examine the effect of peer assisted learning and learning together techniques on 6th grade female students’ reading comprehension achievements and attitudes towards reading. The research employed a quasi-experimental model with pretest – post-test control group. Data collection tools of the research were Reading Attitude Scale, Reading Comprehension Achievement Test, Reading Habit Questionnaire, student interview forms and student journals. Results suggested that peer assisted learning affected 6th grade female students’ reading comprehension achievement positively at a high level, learning together positively at a moderate level, but the current practices in Turkish course did not make a significant difference in reading comprehension achievement. Learning together and current practices were observed to be effective in ensuring the permanence of students’ reading comprehension achievements, while peer assisted learning was not. No significant difference was found between the effects of techniques used in the research on the students’ reading comprehension achievements or on the permanence of their reading comprehension achievements. No significant difference was found between the effects of peer assisted learning, learning together and current practices on students’ attitudes towards reading; while a significant difference was found in the permanence of students’ attitudes towards reading resulting from (against) learning together technique. The students expressed generally positive opinions on peer assisted learning and learning together techniques.
Exposure to Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits During the First Year of Life Among Preterm and Full-term Infants
Authors: Teyton Anaïs , Baer Rebecca J. , Benmarhnia Tarik , Bandoli Gretchen 
Published: February 2023

ImportancePrevious studies have focused on exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) and on birth outcome risks; however, few studies have evaluated the health consequences of PM2.5 exposure on infants during their first year of life and whether prematurity could exacerbate such risks.ObjectiveTo assess the association of PM2.5 exposure with emergency department (ED) visits during the first year of life and determine whether preterm birth status modifies the association.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis individual-level cohort study used data from the Study of Outcomes in Mothers and Infants cohort, which includes all live-born, singleton deliveries in California. Data from infants’ health records through their first birthday were included. Participants included 2 175 180 infants born between 2014 and 2018, and complete data were included for an analytic sample of 1 983 700 (91.2%). Analysis was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022.ExposuresWeekly PM2.5 exposure at the residential ZIP code at birth was estimated from an ensemble model combining multiple machine learning algorithms and several potentially associated variables.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes included the first all-cause ED visit and the first infection- and respiratory-related visits separately. Hypotheses were generated after data collection and prior to analysis. Pooled logistic regression models with a discrete time approach assessed PM2.5 exposure and time to ED visits during each week of the first year of life and across the entire year. Preterm birth status, sex, and payment type for delivery were assessed as effect modifiers.ResultsOf the 1 983 700 infants, 979 038 (49.4%) were female, 966 349 (48.7%) were Hispanic, and 142 081 (7.2%) were preterm. Across the first year of life, the odds of an ED visit for any cause were greater among both preterm (AOR, 1.056; 95% CI, 1.048-1.064) and full-term (AOR, 1.051; 95% CI, 1.049-1.053) infants for each 5-μg/m3 increase in exposure to PM2.5. Elevated odds were also observed for infection-related ED visit (preterm: AOR, 1.035; 95% CI, 1.001-1.069; full-term: AOR, 1.053; 95% CI, 1.044-1.062) and first respiratory-related ED visit (preterm: AOR, 1.080; 95% CI, 1.067-1.093; full-term: AOR,1.065; 95% CI, 1.061-1.069). For both preterm and full-term infants, ages 18 to 23 weeks were associated with the greatest odds of all-cause ED visits (AORs ranged from 1.034; 95% CI, 0.976-1.094 to 1.077; 95% CI, 1.022-1.135).Conclusions and RelevanceIncreasing PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased ED visit risk for both preterm and full-term infants during the first year of life, which may have implications for interventions aimed at minimizing air pollution.
Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitor Use for Type 2 Diabetes and the Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Taiwan
Authors: Chung Mu-Chi , Hung Peir-Haur , Hsiao Po-Jen , Wu Laing-You , Chang Chao-Hsiang , Hsiao Kai-Yu , Wu Ming-Ju , Shieh Jeng-Jer , Huang Yu-Chuen , Chung Chi-Jung 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceThe association between sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) remains controversial. The benefits of SGLT2i use in patients to reduce AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) and concomitant diseases with AKI as well as improve AKI prognosis have not yet been established.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between SGLT2i use and AKI incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide retrospective cohort study used the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The study analyzed a propensity score–matched population of 104 462 patients with T2D treated with SGLT2is or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) between May 2016 and December 2018. All participants were followed up from the index date until the occurrence of outcomes of interest, death, or the end of the study, whichever was earliest. Analysis was conducted between October 15, 2021, and January 30, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of AKI and AKI-D during the study period. AKI was diagnosed using International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes, and AKI-D was determined using the diagnostic codes and dialysis treatment during the same hospitalization. Conditional Cox proportional hazard models assessed the associations between SGLT2i use and the risks of AKI and AKI-D. The concomitant diseases with AKI and its 90-day prognosis, ie, the occurrence of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 4 and 5), end-stage kidney disease, or death, were considered when exploring the outcomes of SGLT2i use.ResultsIn a total of 104 462 patients, 46 065 (44.1%) were female patients, and the mean (SD) age was 58 (12) years. After a follow-up of approximately 2.50 years, 856 participants (0.8%) had AKI and 102 (&amp;lt;0.1%) had AKI-D. SGLT2i users had a 0.66-fold risk for AKI (95% CI, 0.57-0.75; P &amp;lt; .001) and 0.56-fold risk of AKI-D (95% CI, 0.37-0.84; P = .005) compared with DPP4i users. The numbers of patients with AKI with heart disease, sepsis, respiratory failure, and shock were 80 (22.73%), 83 (23.58%), 23 (6.53%), and 10 (2.84%), respectively. SGLT2i use was associated with lower risk of AKI with respiratory failure (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.69; P &amp;lt; .001) and shock (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23-0.99; P = .048) but not AKI with heart disease (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.58-1.07; P = .13) and sepsis (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.03; P = .08). The 90-day AKI prognosis for the risk of advanced CKD indicated a 6.53% (23 of 352 patients) lower incidence in SGLT2i users than in DPP4i users (P = .045).Conclusions and RelevanceThe study findings suggest that patients with T2D who receive SGLT2i may have lower risk of AKI and AKI-D compared with those who receive DPP4i.
Early sowing increases nitrogen use efficiency of sunflower in wet clay soils
Authors: Sarker Bidhan Chandro , Kabir Md. Enamul , Bell Richard W. , Ali Md. Yasin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly sowing increases yield potential of sunflower on wet, saline clay soils but the effects on nitrogen (N) requirements have not been determined. In a 2‐year study on a drainable field with wet, saline clay soils in southwestern coastal Bangladesh, we investigated nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield responses to N rates (0, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 kg ha−1) for zero‐till sunflower cv. Hysun‐33 sown from November 30 (early) to December 30 (late). Early sowing produced highest seed yield (3.59 ton ha−1) and oil yield (1400 kg ha−1) at 150 kg N ha−1. Delayed sowing (December 15–December 30) reduced seed and oil yields by 4%–15% and 7%–18%, respectively. In late sowing, crops suffered from multiple stresses (soil–water deficit, salinity, and heat), which decreased yields. The N fertilizer requirement in late sowing was higher (180 kg ha−1) to achieve maximum yield, yet the yield was lower than from earlier sowing. Compared with nil N supply, the rates of 60–150 kg N ha−1 increased seed and oil yields of the early‐sown sunflower by 1.3–3.3 times and 1.2–2.9 times, respectively, whereas the rates of 180–210 kg N ha−1 decreased seed and oil yields by 2%–5% and 7%–14%, respectively. Higher net profit (US$764) was also achieved from earlier sowing with 150 kg N ha−1. We conclude that under wet and saline clay soils, higher sunflower yield in early sowing is attributable to lower stress that increased NUE and decreased N requirement.
Characteristics of circulating small noncoding RNAs in plasma and serum during human aging
Authors: Xiao Ping , Shi Zhangyue , Liu Chenang , Hagen Darren E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveAging is a complicated process that triggers age‐related disease susceptibility through intercellular communication in the microenvironment. While the classic secretome of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) including soluble factors, growth factors, and extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes are known to impact tissue homeostasis during the aging process, the effects of novel SASP components, extracellular small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), on human aging are not well established.MethodsHere, by utilizing 446 small RNA‐seq samples from plasma and serum of healthy donors found in the Extracellular RNA (exRNA) Atlas data repository, we correlated linear and nonlinear features between circulating sncRNAs expression and age by the maximal information coefficient (MIC) relationship determination. Age predictors were generated by ensemble machine learning methods (Adaptive Boosting, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest) and core age‐related sncRNAs were determined through weighted coefficients in machine learning models. Functional investigation was performed via target prediction of age‐related miRNAs.ResultsWe observed the number of highly expressed transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) showed positive and negative associations with age respectively. Two‐variable (sncRNA expression and individual age) relationships were detected by MIC and sncRNAs‐based age predictors were established, resulting in a forecast performance where all R2 values were greater than 0.96 and root‐mean‐square errors (RMSE) were less than 3.7 years in three ensemble machine learning methods. Furthermore, important age‐related sncRNAs were identified based on modeling and the biological pathways of age‐related miRNAs were characterized by their predicted targets, including multiple pathways in intercellular communication, cancer and immune regulation.ConclusionIn summary, this study provides valuable insights into circulating sncRNAs expression dynamics during human aging and may lead to advanced understanding of age‐related sncRNAs functions with further elucidation.
A likely pathogenic ACTG1 variant in a child showing partial phenotypic overlap with Baraitser‐Winter syndrome
Authors: Graziani Ludovico , Cinnirella Giacomo , Ferradini Valentina , Conte Chiara , Bascio Federica Lo , Bengala Mario , Sangiuolo Federica , Novelli Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBaraitser‐Winter syndrome (BRWS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease (AD) caused by heterozygous variants in ACTB (BRWS1) or ACTG1 (BRWS2) genes. BRWS features developmental delay/intellectual disability of variable degree and craniofacial dysmorphisms. Brain abnormalities (especially pachygyria), microcephaly, epilepsy, as well as hearing impairment, cardiovascular and genitourinary abnormalities may be present. We report on a 4‐year‐old female, who was addressed to our institution because of psychomotor delay associated with microcephaly and dysmorphic features, short stature, mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, mild cardiac septal hypertrophy, and abdominal swelling. Clinical exome sequencing detected a c.617G>A p.(Arg206Gln) de novo variant in ACTG1 gene. Such variant has been previously reported in association with a form of AD nonsyndromic sensorineural progressive hearing loss and we classified it as likely pathogenic according to ACMG/AMP criteria, despite our patient's phenotype only partially overlapped BWRS2. Our finding supports the extreme variability of the ACTG1‐related disorders, ranging from classical BRWS2 to nuanced clinical expressions not fitting the original description, and occasionally featuring previously undescribed clinical findings.
Achieving High Single‐Pass Carbon Conversion Efficiencies in Durable CO2 Electroreduction in Strong Acids via Electrode Structure Engineering
Authors: Li Le , Liu Zhaoyang , Yu Xiaohan , Zhong Miao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcidic CO2 reduction (CO2R) holds promise for the synthesis of low‐carbon‐footprint chemicals using renewable electricity. However, the corrosion of catalysts in strong acids causes severe hydrogen evolution and rapid deterioration of CO2R performance. Here, by coating catalysts with an electrically nonconductive nanoporous SiC‐NafionTM layer, a near‐neutral pH was stabilized on catalyst surfaces, thereby protecting the catalysts against corrosion for durable CO2R in strong acids. Electrode microstructures played a critical role in regulating ion diffusion and stabilizing electrohydrodynamic flows near catalyst surfaces. This surface‐coating strategy was applied to three catalysts, SnBi, Ag, and Cu, and they exhibited high activity over extended CO2R operation in strong acids. Using a stratified SiC‐NafionTM/SnBi/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) electrode, constant production of formic acid was achieved with a single‐pass carbon efficiency of >75 % and Faradaic efficiency of >90 % at 100 mA cm−2 over 125 h at pH 1.
Functional Ionic Liquid Polymer Stabilizer for High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Shen Yunxiu , Xu Guiying , Li Jiajia , Lin Xia , Yang Fu , Yang Heyi , Chen Weijie , Wu Yeyong , Wu Xiaoxiao , Cheng Qinrong , Zhu Jian , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe stability‐related issues arising from the perovskite precursor inks, films, device structures and interdependence remain severely under‐explored to date. Herein, we designed an ionic‐liquid polymer (poly[Se‐MI][BF4]), containing functional moieties like carbonyl (C=O), selenium (Se+), and tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) ions, to stabilize the whole device fabrication process. The C=O and Se+ can coordinate with lead and iodine (I−) ions to stabilize lead polyhalide colloids and the compositions of the perovskite precursor inks for over two months. The Se+ anchored on grain boundaries and the defects passivated by BF4− efficiently suppress the dissociation and migration of I− in perovskite films. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of poly[Se‐MI][BF4], high efficiencies of 25.10 % and 20.85 % were exhibited by a 0.062‐cm2 device and 15.39‐cm2 module, respectively. The devices retained over 90 % of their initial efficiency under operation for 2200 h.
Square‐Planar Anionic Pt0Complexes
Authors: Kameo Hajime , Tanaka Yudai , Shimoyama Yoshihiro , Izumi Daisuke , Matsuzaka Hiroyuki , Nakajima Yumiko , Lavedan Pierre , Le Gac Arnaud , Bourissou Didier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA T‐shaped Pt0complex with a diphosphine‐borane (DPB) ligand was prepared. The Pt→B interaction enhances the electrophilicity of the metal and triggers the addition of Lewis bases to give the corresponding tetracoordinate complexes. For the first time, anionic Pt0complexes are isolated and structurally authenticated. X‐ray diffraction analyses show the anionic complexes [(DPB)PtX]−(X=CN, Cl, Br, I) to be square‐planar. The d10configuration and Pt0oxidation state of the metal were unambiguously established by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The coordination of Lewis acids as Z‐type ligands is a powerful mean to stabilize elusive electron‐rich metal complexes and achieve uncommon geometry.
A LDH Template Triggers the Formation of a Highly Compact MIL‐53 Metal‐Organic Framework Membrane for Acid Upgrading
Authors: Wang Yuecheng , Ban Yujie , Hu Ziyi , Yang Weishen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHighly compact metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes offer hope for the ambition to cope with challenging separation scenarios with industrial implications. A continuous layer of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoflakes on an alumina support as a template triggered a chemical self‐conversion to a MIL‐53 membrane, with approximately 8 hexagonal lattices (LDH) traded for 1 orthorhombic lattice (MIL‐53). With the sacrifice of the template, the availability of Al nutrients from the alumina support was dynamically regulated, which resulted in synergy for producing membranes with highly compact architecture. The membrane can realize nearly complete dewatering from formic acid and acetic acid solutions, respectively, and maintain stability in a continuous pervaporation over 200 h. This is the first success in directly applying a pure MOF membrane to such a corrosive chemical environment (lowest pH value of 0.81). The energy consumption is saved by up to 77 % when compared with the traditional distillation.
Electrochemiluminescence Distance and Reactivity of Coreactants Determine the Sensitivity of Bead‐Based Immunoassays
Authors: Wang Yafeng , Ding Jialian , Zhou Ping , Liu Jilin , Qiao Zhiyuan , Yu Kai , Jiang Jie , Su Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein we report the study of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) generation by tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium (Ru(bpy)32+) and five tertiary amine coreactants. The ECL distance and lifetime of coreactant radical cations were measured by ECL self‐interference spectroscopy. And the reactivity of coreactants was quantitatively evaluated in terms of integrated ECL intensity. By statistical analysis of ECL images of single Ru(bpy)32+‐labeled microbeads, we propose that ECL distance and reactivity of coreactant codetermine the emission intensity and thus the sensitivity of immunoassay. 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐2,2′,2′′‐nitrilotriethanol (BIS‐TRIS) can well balance ECL distance‐reactivity trade‐off and enhance the sensitivity by 236 % compared with tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA) in the bead‐based immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen. The study brings an insightful understanding of ECL generation in bead‐based immunoassay and a way of maximizing the analytical sensitivity from the aspect of coreactant.
Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrophosphinylation of 2‐Vinylazaarenes to Access P‐Chiral 2‐Azaaryl‐Ethylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Wang Binghui , Liu Yilin , Jiang Chenyang , Cao Zheng , Cao Shanshan , Zhao Xiaowei , Ban Xu , Yin Yanli , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA chiral Brønsted acid‐catalysed asymmetric hydrophosphinylation of 2‐vinylazaarenes by secondary phosphine oxides is described. A variety of P‐chiral 2‐azaaryl‐ethylphosphine oxides are synthesized with high yields and ees, of which both the substituents of phosphines and azaarenes can be flexibly modulated, underscoring an exceptionally broad scope of substrates. These adducts are valuable to asymmetric metal catalysis since the resultant P‐chiral tertiary phosphines from the reduction of them are verified as a kind of effective C1‐symmetric chiral 1,5‐hybrid P,N‐ligands. Importantly, this catalysis platform enables the generic and efficient kinetic resolution of P‐chiral secondary phosphine oxides. It thus provides an expedient approach to access the enantiomers of the P‐chiral tertiary phosphine oxides derived from asymmetric hydrophosphinylation, further improving the utility of the method.
Enantioselective Radical‐Type 1,2‐Alkoxy‐Phosphinoylation to Styrenes Catalyzed by Chiral Vanadyl Complexes
Authors: Chuang Chin‐Wei , Huang Guan‐Ru , Hung Shiang‐Fu , Hsu Chan‐Wei , Liu Yue‐Hua , Hwang Chiu‐Han , Chen Chien‐Tien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA series of vanadyl complexes bearing 3‐t‐butyl‐5‐bromo, 3‐aryl‐5‐bromo, 3,5‐dihalo‐, and benzo‐fused N‐salicylidene‐tert‐leucinates was examined as catalysts for 1,2‐alkoxy‐phosphinoylation of 4‐, 3‐, 3,4‐, and 3,5‐substituted styrene derivatives (including Me/t‐Bu, Ph, OR, Cl/Br, OAc, NO2, C(O)Me, CO2Me, CN, and benzo‐fused) with HP(O)Ph2 in the presence of t‐BuOOH (TBHP) in a given alcohol or cosolvent with MeOH. The best scenario involved the use of 5 mol % 3‐(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐5‐Br (i.e., 3‐DMP‐5‐Br) catalyst at 0 °C in MeOH. The desired catalytic cross coupling reactions proceeded smoothly with enantioselectivities of up to 95 % ee of (R)‐configuration as confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis of several recrystallized products. The origin of enantiocontrol and homolytic substitution of the benzylic intermediates by vanadyl‐bound methoxide and radical type catalytic mechanism were proposed.
Flammability and vibrational study of graphene incorporated epoxy/ramie/glass hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Thiyagu Chenniappan , NarendraKumar Uttamchand 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHybrid polymer composites are vastly used in aerospace, construction, and automotive fields. This study aims to analyze the flammability and vibrational behavior of graphene incorporated epoxy/ramie/glass (ERG) hybrid nanocomposite. The samples were prepared with different weight percentage of graphene (GR) through hand layup method, followed by vacuum bag technique. The samples were analyzed for water intake, porosity, mechanical strength, fractography, vibrational property together with flammability of the material. GR addition depletes water intake and porosity by 11.5% to 5.3% and 6.2% to 2.2%, respectively. It increases hardness and flexural strength up to 25% and 41%, with a reduction in tensile property of the composites. Besides, GR nanocomposites show improved damping properties, owing to stick‐slip mechanism exhibited at epoxy and GR interface. Also, GR addition declines burning rate of ERG at high concentrations since it does not score any grade in flammability test. This work found that the incorporation of GR in ERG composite enhances mechanical properties and decreases water intake. A decrease in the burning rate of the ERG composite could be achieved by incorporating graphene particles, which could be used for structural applications (car door‐panels, ballistic, and aerospace) leading to delay in burning rate of the developed composites when exposed to fire during accidents.