bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sponge‐phase Lipid Droplets as Synthetic Organelles: An Ultrafast Study of Hydrogen Bonding and Interfacial Environments
Authors: Xu Cong , Fracassi Alessandro , Baryiames Christopher P. , Bhattacharya Ahanjit , Devaraj Neal K. , Baiz Carlos R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBottom‐up design of biomimetic organelles has gained recent attention as a route towards understanding the transition between non‐living matter and life. Despite various artificial lipid membranes being developed, the specific relations between lipid structure, composition, interfacial properties, and morphology are not currently understood. Sponge‐phase droplets contain dense, nonlamellar lipid bilayer networks that capture the complexities of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), making them ideal artificial models of such organelles. Here, we combine ultrafast two‐dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interfacial H‐bond networks in sponge‐phase droplets composed of glycolipid and nonionic detergents. In the sponge phase, the interfacial environments are more hydrated and water molecules confined to the nanometer‐scale aqueous channels in the sponge phase exhibit dynamics that are significantly slower compared to bulk water. Surfactant configurations and microscopic phase separation play a dominant role in determining membrane curvature and slow dynamics observed in the sponge phase. The studies suggest that H‐bond networks within the nanometer‐scale channels are disrupted not only by confinement but also by the interactions of surfactants, which extend 1–2 nm from the bilayer surface. The results provide a molecular‐level description for controlling phase and morphology in the design of synthetic lipid organelles.
Transneuronal Circuit Analysis with Pseudorabies Viruses
Authors: Engel Esteban A. , Card J. Patrick , Enquist Lynn W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOur ability to understand the function of the nervous system is dependent upon defining the connections of its constituent neurons. Development of methods to define connections within neural networks has always been a growth industry in the neurosciences. Transneuronal spread of neurotropic viruses currently represents the best means of defining synaptic connections within neural networks. The method exploits the ability of viruses to invade neurons, replicate, and spread through the intimate synaptic connections that enable communication among neurons. Since the method was first introduced in the 1970s, it has benefited from an increased understanding of the virus life cycle, the function of viral genomes, and the ability to manipulate the viral genome in support of directional spread of virus and the expression of transgenes. In this article, we review these advances in viral tracing technology and the ways in which they may be applied for functional dissection of neural networks. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Retrograde infection of CNS circuits by peripheral injection of virusBasic Protocol 2: Transneuronal analysis by intracerebral injectionAlternate Protocol 1: Transneuronal analysis with multiple recombinant strainsAlternate Protocol 2: Conditional replication and spread of PRVAlternate Protocol 3: Conditional reporters of PRV infection and spreadAlternate Protocol 4: Reporters of neural activity in polysynaptic circuitsSupport Protocol 1: Growing and titering a PRV viral stockSupport Protocol 2: Immunohistochemical processing and detectionSupport Protocol 3: Dual‐immunofluorescence localization
Systematic Approach to Constructing Safe and High‐Performance Supercapacitors with Nonflammable Electrolytes
Authors: Van T. Nguyen Hoai , Lee Kyung‐Koo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe successful implementation of supercapacitors in large‐scale applications necessitates careful consideration of safety aspects, along with factors such as energy density, power density, working voltage, and cycling performance. One effective method for ensuring safety is the utilization of nonflammable trimethyl phosphate (TMP) electrolyte in supercapacitors. However, this approach suffers from the drawback of low power density due to its low ionic conductivity. To overcome this limitation, we propose the addition of co‐solvents, namely propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, and propionitrile (PN), to enhance limited electrochemical properties of TMP‐based electrolytes. We systematically investigate the impact of incorporating TMP into various organic solvents on physical and electrochemical properties. Binary electrolytes show improved ionic conductivity, capacitance, power density, energy density, and working voltage compared to the single TMP‐based electrolyte. Notably, our result highlights that the carbon‐based supercapacitors using TMP‐PN with 70 : 30 volume ratio electrolyte provide the best compromise between ionic conductivity (13.5 mS cm−1), capacitance (24.0 F g−1), energy density (13.2 Wh kg−1), power density (2.3 kW kg−1), working voltage (3.5 V), and safety. By combining the nonflammable properties of TMP with co‐solvents, we can overcome the trade‐off between safety and electrochemical performances, presenting advancement in the development of supercapacitors for energy storage applications.
Silver Supported Nanoparticles on [Mg4Al‐LDH] as an Efficient Catalyst for the α‐Alkylation of Nitriles, Oxindoles and Other Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Alcohols
Authors: Izquierdo‐Aranda Luis , Adam Rosa , Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn efficient heterogeneous silver‐catalyzed α‐alkylation of nitriles and oxindoles using alcohols via borrowing hydrogen strategy has been developed for the first time. The active nanostructured material, namely [Ag/Mg4Al‐LDH], composed by silver nanoparticles (3‐4 nm average particle size) homogeneously stabilized onto a [Mg4Al‐LDH] support with suitable Brønsted basic properties, constitutes a stable catalyst for the sustainable building of novel C−C bonds from alcohols and C‐nucleophiles. By applying this catalyst, a broad range of α‐functionalized nitriles and oxindoles has been accessed with good to excellent isolated yields and without the addition of external bases. Moreover, the novel silver nanocatalyst has also demonstrated its successful application to the cyclization of N‐[2‐(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]‐2‐phenylacetamides to afford 3‐arylquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones, through a one‐pot dehydrogenation and intramolecular α‐alkylation. Control experiments, kinetic studies, and characterization data of a variety of [Ag/LDH]‐type materials confirmed the silver role in the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation steps, while [Mg4Al‐LDH] matrix is able to catalyze condensation. Interestingly, these studies suggest as key point for the successful activity of [Ag/Mg4Al‐LDH], in comparison with other [Ag/LDH]‐type nanocatalysts, the suitable acid‐base properties of this material.
Consummate change agent
Authors: Elfman Lois 
Published: July 2023

In April, Rev. Dr. LaKeesha Walrond, the first Black female president of New York Theological Seminary (NYTS), was honored by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra at the agency's Women on the Frontlines: Celebrating Women Faith Leaders event. Her work and personal mission centers on social justice and inclusion.
Synthesis and structure determination of a synthetic cannabinoid CUMYL‐THPINACA metabolite with differentiation between the ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐hydroxyl positions of the cumyl moiety
Authors: Azuma Yuki , Doi Takahiro , Asada Akiko , Tanaka Misa , Tagami Takaomi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids, a type of new psychoactive substances, are likely to be rapidly metabolized; thus, the detection of their metabolites, rather than the parent compound, is a common method used to prove drug consumption. Although the analysis of metabolites is generally performed by mass spectrometry, it is limited to structural estimation because of few commercially available standards. In particular, distinguishing between positional isomers is difficult. Synthetic cannabinoids with a cumyl moiety can be hydroxylated at the cumyl moiety during metabolism, but it remains unclear whether the hydroxylation occurs at the ortho, meta, or para position. This study determined the structures of a metabolite formed by mono‐hydroxylation at the cumyl moiety of the synthetic cannabinoid CUMYL‐THPINACA, used as a model compound. Chemical synthesis was performed to create possible metabolites with one hydroxyl group at the ortho, meta, or para positions of the cumyl moiety. Using the synthesized metabolites and liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, the metabolite detected in the microsomal reaction of CUMYL‐THPINACA was identified as a compound mono‐hydroxylated at the para position based on retention time and product ion spectra. Moreover, the rapid metabolism of CUMYL‐THPINACA was demonstrated with an in vitro half‐life of 4.9 min and the identified metabolite could be detected for a relatively long time in vitro. The synthesized metabolite may be utilized as a good reference standard for proof of CUMYL‐THPINACA consumption. These findings have potential applications in the synthesis of metabolites of other synthetic cannabinoids bearing a cumyl moiety.
Environmental drivers of tropical forest snake phenology: Insights from citizen science
Authors: Jesus Letízia M. G. , Guedes Jhonny J. M. , Moura Mario R. , Feio Renato N. , Costa Henrique C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMuseum specimens and citizen science initiatives are valuable sources of information on how anthropogenic activities affect biodiversity and how species respond to rapid global change. Although tropical regions harbor most of the planet's biodiversity, investigations on species' phenological changes are heavily biased toward temperate regions. Such unevenness in phenological research is also taxonomically biased, with reptiles being the least studied group among tetrapod species regarding animal phenology. Herein, we used long‐term time‐series data to investigate environmentally driven changes in the activity pattern of tropical forest snakes. We gathered natural history collection and citizen science data for 25 snake species (five venomous and 20 non‐venomous) from an Atlantic Forest region in southeastern Brazil. Using circular mixed‐effects models, we investigate whether snake activity patterns followed the variation in environmental variables over a decade. Our results show that the activity pattern of Atlantic Forest snakes was seasonal and largely driven by average temperature and relative humidity. Since snakes are ectothermic animals, they are particularly sensitive to temperature variations, especially at small scales. Moreover, relative humidity can affect snake's seasonal activities through physiological constraints and/or prey availability. Most specimens were registered during the rainy season, with highly venomous snakes (lanceheads and coral snakes) emerging as the most abundant taxa. We highlight the importance of citizen science and natural history collections in better understanding biodiversity. Furthermore, our data obtained from local collectors underscore the need for environmental education programs and collaboration between researchers and local decision‐makers to raise awareness and reduce conflicts between people and snakes in the region.
Diverse Reactivity of a Ca(I) Synthon
Authors: Mai Jonathan , Rösch Bastian , Langer Jens , Grams Samuel , Morasch Michael , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLow‐valent MgI complexes like (BDI)Mg−Mg(BDI) have found wide‐spread application as specialty reducing agents (BDI=β‐diketiminate). Also their redox reactivity was extensively investigated. In contrast, attempts to isolate similar CaI complexes led to reduction of the aromatic solvents or N2. Complex (DIPePBDI)Ca(μ6,μ6‐C6H6)Ca(DIPePBDI) (VIII) should be regarded a CaII complex with a bridging C6H62− dianion (DIPePBDI=HC[C(Me)N‐DIPeP]2, DIPeP=2,6‐C(H)Et2‐phenyl). It can react as a CaI synthon by releasing benzene and two electrons. Herein we describe the reactivity of VIII with benzene, biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, COT, Ph3SiCl, PhSiH3, a (BDI)AlI2 complex, H2, PhX (X=F, Cl, Br, I), tBuOH and tBuCH2I. The C6H62− dianion in VIII can react as a 2e− source, a nucleophile or a Brønsted base. In some cases radical reactivity cannot be excluded. Crystal structures of (DIPePBDI)Ca(μ8,μ8‐COT)Ca(DIPePBDI) (1) and [(DIPePBDI)CaX ⋅ (THF)]2 (X=F, Cl, Br, I) (2–5) are described.
Biotransformations with Imine Reductases: Design of a Practical Process Avoiding an Extractive Work‐Up by Entrapment of Water and Enzymes in an Immobilized Phase
Authors: Nastke Alina , Gröger Harald 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA process concept for the asymmetric biocatalytic reduction of heterocyclic imines addressing the efficiency of the reaction as well as downstream‐processing steps was studied by utilizing a “heterogenized aqueous phase”, which contains the needed enzymes and cofactor within a superabsorber (polyacrylate) network, for the biotransformation. The immobilized biocatalytic system, which comprises an imine reductase (IRED), NADPH and an alcohol dehydrogenase for cofactor‐recycling, enables to run the reaction in pure organic medium. Thus, instead of an extractive work‐up as typical solution for biotransformations in aqueous medium, which, however, can be tedious due formation of emulsions, this type of IRED‐catalyzed process leads to a simplified work‐up consisting only of a decantation of the liquid organic reaction medium with the product from the heterogenized aqueous biocatalyst system. Exemplified for the (R)‐enantioselective reduction of 1‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline by the IRED of Streptomyces viridochromogenes as a model reaction, a process was developed leading to 98 % conversion, 88 % yield and >99 % ee at a substrate concentration of 40 mM.
Lateral Deprotometallation‐Trapping Reactions on Methylated Pyridines, Quinolines and Quinoxalines Using Lithium Diethylamide
Authors: Hasyeoui Mohamed , Chapple Peter M. , Lassagne Frédéric , Roisnel Thierry , Cordier Marie , Samarat Ali , Sarazin Yann , Mongin Florence 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe functionalization of methylated azines and diazines has aroused the interest of chemists given the structural diversity that it affords. Hindered lithium dialkylamides have been used to deprotometallate these substrates chemoselectively. In contrast, it can be observed that, despite some promising work, lithium diethylamide has been used very little for this purpose. Our objective here is on the one hand to make an inventory of what reagents have been used to deprotometallate methylpyridines, ‐quinolines and ‐quinoxalines, and on the other hand to describe the results obtained by seeking to functionalize a series of substrates with lithium diethylamide (picolines, 2,4‐lutidine, methylquinolines and 2‐methylquinoxaline). Our efforts to take advantage of the use of an in‐situ trap (a zinc chloride chelate) in these reactions are also described.
An electrochemical biosensor for the determination of hormone Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) in human serum
Authors: Koterwa Adrian , Bojko Magdalena , Ryl Jacek , Łukaszuk Krzysztof , Kozłowska Kornelia , Sieklicki Wiktor , Rodziewicz‐Motowidło Sylwia , Niedziałkowski Paweł 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis work describes the modification of a gold electrode to create an electrochemical biosensor capable of detecting human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The biosensor was obtained by modifying the gold electrode with cysteamine and oligopeptide (PPLRINRHILTR). The modification steps of the gold electrode were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance electrochemical spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The conducted EIS experiments in 0.01 M PBS, pH 7.4 confirm that the biosensor exhibits sensitivity towards hCG in a range of concentrations from 1×10−12 to 1×10−7 M (0.5 mIU/mL – 50 000 mIU/mL) to solutions with a detection limit of 1. 91×10−14 M (0.0095 mIU/mL). The effectiveness of the investigated biosensor was also investigated in human serum. The EIS comparative investigations were performed in human serum containing a concentration of 1×10−12 M (0.5 mIU/mL) hCG and in human serum where the hCG was added. The obtained results indicate that the investigated biosensor is selective for the presence of hCG hormone in the human serum.
Vancomycin sensing using a phenylboronic acid‐modified nanopore pipette
Authors: Sato Fumiya , Nakano Haruka , Kamijo Toshio , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Fujimura Tsutomu , Takahashi Yasufumi , Sato Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanopore sensing measures the changes in charge and physical state around the nanopores as changes in ionic current. In this study, we performed vancomycin (VCM) sensing with nanopores modified via Au−S bonds with dithiobis(4‐butyrylamino‐m‐phenylboronic acid) (DTBA‐PBA), a derivative of phenylboronic acid (PBA) bearing a thiol. First, we modified a 3‐mm‐diameter Au electrode with a DTBA‐PBA self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) to confirm the VCM response of the PBA interface by cyclic voltammetry. DTBA‐PBA was then immobilized in the same manner on a nanopore pipette coated with an Au layer. We measured the VCM concentration from the change in ion current using the nanopore pipette. A VCM concentration‐dependent ionic current response was observed in the range of 0.01–1 mM. Many kinds of pharmaceuticals can bind to PBA; therefore, this method could be used for quick, easy, in situ quantification of not only VCM but also other pharmaceuticals with serious side effects.
A tooth crown morphology framework for interpreting the diversity of primate dentitions
Authors: Chapple Simon A. , Skinner Matthew M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVariation in tooth crown morphology plays a crucial role in species diagnoses, phylogenetic inference, and the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the primate clade. While a growing number of studies have identified developmental mechanisms linked to tooth size and cusp patterning in mammalian crown morphology, it is unclear (1) to what degree these are applicable across primates and (2) which additional developmental mechanisms should be recognized as playing important roles in odontogenesis. From detailed observations of lower molar enamel–dentine junction morphology from taxa representing the major primate clades, we outline multiple phylogenetic and developmental components responsible for crown patterning, and formulate a tooth crown morphology framework for the holistic interpretation of primate crown morphology. We suggest that adopting this framework is crucial for the characterization of tooth morphology in studies of dental development, discrete trait analysis, and systematics.
Influence of cultivation practices on the metabolism of cytokinin and its correlation in rice production
Authors: Shah Saud , Cai Lijuan , Li Xiuling , Fahad Shah , Wang Depeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCytokinin (CTK) has an important regulatory effect on plant morphology, physiology, and yield, and is one of the main factors regulating nitrogen absorption, transport, and metabolism. This paper reviews the research progress in nitrogen absorption, transport and metabolism, cytokinin synthesis, transport and signal transduction, etc., focusing on the physiological mechanisms by which CTK and nitrogen collaborate to regulate the root–shoot relationship and its impact on agronomic traits of crops. The synthesis of trans‐zeatin (tZ) and trans‐zeatin riboside (tZR) is generally regulated by root nitrogen, which is transported them to the sprouts, regulates nitrogen allocation and metabolism, and affects photosynthetic characteristics and yield. In young shoots, nitrogen upregulates the synthesis of isopentenyl, adenine (iP), and iP‐nucleoside (iPR) and transports to roots through the phloem, reducing nitrogen uptake and transport, affecting root morphology. Based on this, the role of, CTK in coordinating relationships between source repositories and enhancing injection. We conducted an analysis on how various cultivation methods impact CTK metabolism and its relationship with plant growth. Additionally, we discussed the challenges associated with applying CTK functions to paddy field production and suggested future research directions.
The role of dietary polyphenols in the control of chronic noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Armas Díaz Yasmany , Ferreiro Cotorruelo Maria Soledad , Battino Maurizio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNoncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The most common NCDs are cancer, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Nowadays, they represent one of the greatest challenges health systems face worldwide. The increase in the consumption of polyphenol‐rich foods could contribute to the reduction of these pathologies, due to their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and cardiovascular protective properties, among others. This review aims to highlight some studies carried out in recent years to enhance the possible benefits of a diet rich in polyphenols in the prevention or treatment of NCDs.
Effects of isoflavone and probiotic intake on calcium transport and bone metabolism biomarkers in female rats
Authors: Harahap Iskandar Azmy , Kuligowski Maciej , Schmidt Marcin , Kołodziejski Paweł A. , Suliburska Joanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCalcium is essential for maintaining bone health as it contributes to bone formation, remodeling, strength, and density. This study investigated the effect of isoflavones and probiotics on calcium transporters' gene expression, serum calcium levels, and bone metabolism biomarkers in healthy female rats. Forty‐eight female Wistar rats were classified into six groups. Bone metabolism biomarkers (pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin) and serum calcium levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), respectively. Gene expression of calcium transporters (Trpv5 and Trpv6) was evaluated in duodenum and jejunum tissue samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Trpv5 and Trpv6, epithelial calcium channels, play a crucial role in calcium transport and homeostasis in the body. The study consisted of a1‐week adaptation period for the rats to adjust to the controlled conditions, followed by an 8‐week intervention phase. The daidzein and genistein group showed a significant increase in the gene expression of the Trpv6 transporter in the duodenum and a marked decrease in serum pyridinoline levels compared to the control group. The tempeh and soybean groups showed a significant decrease in the gene expression of the Trpv5 calcium transporter in the jejunum. However, no significant influence of the Lactobacillus acidophilus diet on calcium transport and bone metabolism biomarkers was observed in the L. acidophilus group. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between serum calcium, bone metabolism biomarkers, and calcium transporters. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the daidzein and genistein diet improves calcium transport in the duodenum and reduces pyridinoline serum concentrations, while tempeh and soybean diets reduce calcium transport in the jejunum. However, the combination of daidzein, genistein, and L. acidophilus did not demonstrate a synergistic effect on calcium transport and bone metabolism, suggesting that further investigations are needed to elucidate their potential interactions.