bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using passive acoustic monitoring to estimate northern spotted owl landscape use and pair occupancy
Authors: Appel Cara L. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Duarte Adam , Davis Raymond J. , Weldy Matthew J. , Levi Taal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractManaging forests for biodiversity conservation while maintaining economic output is a major challenge globally and requires accurate and timely monitoring of imperiled species. In the Pacific Northwest, USA, forest management is heavily influenced by the status of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), which have been in continued population decline for the past four decades. The monitoring program for northern spotted owls is transitioning from mark–resight surveys to a passive acoustic framework, requiring development of alternative analysis approaches. To maintain relevance for conservation and management, these analyses must accurately track underlying population changes, identify responses to disturbance, and estimate occupancy of owl pairs. We randomly selected and surveyed 5‐km2 hexagons for 6 weeks using passive acoustic monitoring in the Olympic Peninsula of Washington and the Oregon Coast Range during the 2018 spotted owl breeding season. We used a convolutional neural network to identify spotted owl calls, followed by logistic regression to determine the sex of vocalizing owls to assign pair status. We implemented multistate occupancy models to estimate probabilities of detection, species‐level landscape use, and pair occupancy of spotted owls. We also quantified detections of barred owls (Strix varia), a congeneric competitor and important driver of spotted owl population declines. The overall rate of hexagon use by spotted owls was estimated at 0.21 (SD 0.04) after adjusting for imperfect detection, and pair occupancy was 0.07 (SD 0.02). The probability of detecting a pair (i.e., both female and male) during a weekly occasion was relatively low (0.03, SD 0.01), indicating that true pair occupancy was between 1.3 and 4.1 times greater than the proportion of hexagons with observed pair detections. Barred owls were ubiquitous, with a naïve occupancy rate of 0.97. The intensity of calling by barred owls had a weak, negative effect on the probability of spotted owls being paired when present but had little measurable effect on their detectability. This work establishes a framework that may be effective for spotted owl population monitoring and illustrates that pairs have very low detection probability, which—combined with increasingly low numbers of spotted owl pairs—is an important consideration for conservation and management.
Mycorrhizal fungal and tree root functional traits: Strategies for integration and future directions
Authors: Schaffer‐Morrison Samuel A. Z. , Zak Donald R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlant functional traits offer ecologists quantifiable characteristics that may be used to determine the underlying mechanisms and drivers of processes at scales ranging from individual plants to entire ecosystems. While research on belowground functional traits has increased in recent years, most of this work has not fully considered the traits of mycorrhizal fungi, key symbionts responsible for much nutrient uptake and soil exploration in trees. We argue that, because of the important role of mycorrhizae in resource uptake, the measurement of belowground plant traits without the inclusion of mycorrhizal fungal traits potentially misses key mechanistic factors affecting plant performance, which has implications across ecological scales. In doing so, we provide a synopsis of current and past work on plant root traits and mycorrhizal fungal traits. Finally, we suggest potential key fungal traits to be measured and possible methods for measurement as ways to address the current gaps in our knowledge.
High‐frequency trading and market quality: Evidence from account‐level futures data
Authors: Coughlan John , Orlov Alexei G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe use rich regulatory data on intraday transactions and end‐of‐day positions to study how high‐frequency traders (HFTs) affect futures market quality. Panel estimation evidence shows that greater participation by HFTs is strongly associated with improvements in market quality (as measured by traded bid–ask spreads and the Amihud price impact), whereas higher rates of aggressive trading, such as those observed when HFTs trade directionally to reduce their positions, produce a partially offsetting effect. We find that while futures contracts are sensitive to market uncertainty (as measured by VIX), they are more sensitive to their own price volatility. We take advantage of the 2015 change in Chicago Mercantile Exchange's daily settlement methodology for agricultural commodities to address potential endogeneity using a fixed‐effects difference‐in‐difference setup. Our results are robust to relying on alternative estimation techniques, using overly conservative (clustered) standard errors, modeling various forms of cross‐sectional and temporal dependence, and studying each market separately.
Environment‐tolerant ionic hydrogel–elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces, high transparence, and biocompatibility for a mechanical–thermal multimode sensor
Authors: Lu Ya , Yue Yiying , Ding Qinqin , Mei Changtong , Xu Xinwu , Jiang Shaohua , He Shuijian , Wu Qinglin , Xiao Huining , Han Jingquan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe human skin, an important sensory organ, responds sensitively to external stimuli under various harsh conditions. However, the simultaneous achievement of mechanical/thermal sensitivity and extreme environmental tolerance remains an enormous challenge for skin‐like hydrogel‐based sensors. In this study, a novel skin‐inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrid with a sandwich structure and strong interfacial bonding for mechanical–thermal multimode sensing applications is developed. An inner‐layered ionic hydrogel with a semi‐interpenetrating network is prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a nanofiller, lithium chloride (LiCl) as an ionic transport conductor, and polyacrylamide (PAM) as a polymer matrix. The outer‐layered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers fully encapsulating the hydrogel endow the hybrids with improved mechanical properties, intrinsic waterproofness, and long‐term water retention (>98%). The silane modification of the hydrogels and elastomers imparts the hybrids with enhanced interfacial bonding strength and integrity. The hybrids exhibit a high transmittance (~91.2%), fatigue resistance, and biocompatibility. The multifunctional sensors assembled from the hybrids realize real‐time temperature (temperature coefficient of resistance, approximately −1.1% °C−1) responsiveness, wide‐range strain sensing capability (gauge factor, ~3.8) over a wide temperature range (from −20°C to 60°C), and underwater information transmission. Notably, the dual‐parameter sensor can recognize the superimposed signals of temperature and strain. The designed prototype sensor arrays can detect the magnitude and spatial distribution of forces and temperatures. The comprehensive performance of the sensor prepared via a facile method is superior to that of most similar sensors previously reported. Finally, this study develops a new material platform for monitoring human health in extreme environments.image
β‐Ionone represses renal cell carcinoma progression through activating LKB1/AMPK‐triggered autophagy
Authors: Hou Tao , Wang Yuzhao , Dan Weichao , Wei Yi , Liu Bo , Que Taotao , Lei Yuzeshi , Yu Bixin , Zeng Jin , Fan Yizeng , Li Lei 
Published: February 2023

Abstractβ‐Ionone, the end ring analog of β‐carotenoids, has been proven to have an antitumor effect in a variety of cancers. In this study, we investigated the impact of β‐ionone on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines (786‐O and ACHN) using colony formation assays, flow cytometry analysis, and western blot analysis. We found that β‐ionone effectively inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells in vitro, which was also confirmed in a xenograft model. Moreover, we found that β‐ionone could induce autophagy, as indicated by LC3 puncta in 786‐O and ACHN cell lines and the expression of LC3 in β‐ionone‐treated RCC cells. To further explore the underlying mechanism, we assessed liver kinase B1/AMP‐activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) signaling pathway activity, and the results showed that β‐ionone inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells by inducing autophagy via the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. In summary, our findings provide a new therapeutic strategy of β‐ionone‐induced autophagy in RCC.
Prenatal patient perceptions of receiving difficult news over the telephone
Authors: Douglas Tinsley Claire , May Caitlyn , Dent Karin , Carey John C. , Mladucky Janessa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDifficult news has been described as any news that adversely and seriously affects an individual's view of their future. Research in oncology genetic counseling demonstrated that individuals do not prefer in‐person or telephone delivery of their genetic test results. However, in the prenatal setting, there is limited research examining how patients prefer news related to their pregnancies be disclosed. This study aimed to assess the experiences and preferences of prenatal patients who received difficult news by telephone. A semi‐structured interview guide was developed to assess patients' personal definitions of difficult news and their experiences receiving the news by telephone. Fifteen patients seen prenatally by a genetic counselor were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed and consensus‐coded, using inductive content analysis to identify several themes. The most common definition of difficult news included unexpected, life‐changing, or devastating information. Participants described aspects of their experience and strategies employed by their genetic counselor that was helpful when receiving the news, which was found to align with the SPIKES protocol, a six‐step process of delivering difficult news to patients. Additional techniques that participants identified as beneficial and satisfactory included the genetic counselor's use of empathy, non‐directiveness, and continuity and coordination of care. Participants also provided recommendations for improvement, including a discussion of the mode of result disclosure during pretest counseling, an option to follow up with their genetic counselor, personalized resources, and a summary of the results call. The findings of this study demonstrate that a patient‐centered approach is preferred by patients who receive difficult news by telephone in the prenatal setting. Patients' identification of beneficial communication techniques and suggestions for improvement can be implemented by any healthcare provider responsible for delivering difficult news to prenatal patients.
An examination of Leapfrog safety measures and Magnet designation
Authors: Tai Teresa Wai Chi , Mattie Angela , Miller Stephanie Monteiro , Yawson Robert M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLeapfrog Hospital Safety Grades and Magnet designation are two publicly available measures that serve as proxies for health care quality and safety. We examine whether hospitals with a better rating in one Leapfrog safety measure also have favorable ratings in other Leapfrog safety measures and whether Magnet‐designated hospitals have better Leapfrog safety scores related to outcomes, processes, and structures than non‐Magnet hospitals. Our study found that hospital‐associated infections (HAIs) were not strongly correlated with one another, but Leapfrog safety process and structural measures were significantly and strongly correlated with one another, suggesting hospitals that invest in processes/structures to improve quality tend to do so across many dimensions. Also, Magnet‐designated hospitals had higher Leapfrog grades for structural measures but not systematically better infection rates. Only one HAI (central line‐associated bloodstream infections) had lower rates in Magnet hospitals than non‐Magnet hospitals. These analyses suggest that improvements in process and structural measures do not necessarily translate into lower HAIs. Hospitals may need specific quality improvement strategies to target each HAI since HAIs are not strongly correlated with one another. Future research is needed to identify what process and structural measures can decrease HAIs and how this should be reflected in Magnet designation evaluation criteria.
Placental Area in the Lower Uterine Segment, Cervical Length, and Clinical Outcome in Pregnancies With Complete Placenta Previa
Authors: Zhou Liping , Zhao Xuepiao , Xu Duo , Pang Suhua , Mao Xiuzhen , Feng Shixiang , Yue Yongfei 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundComplete placenta previa is associated with a higher percentage of adverse clinical outcomes and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in the preoperative examination of patients with placenta previa.PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of the placental area in the lower uterine segment and cervical length in identifying the adverse maternal–fetal outcomes in women with complete placenta previa.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 141 pregnant women (median age, 32; age range, 24–40 years) with complete placenta previa were examined by MRI to evaluate the uteroplacental condition.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T with T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), and half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence.AssessmentThe association of the placental area in the lower uterine segment and cervical length measured using MRI with the risk of massive intraoperative hemorrhage (MIH) and maternal–fetal perinatal outcomes were determined. The adverse neonatal outcomes (preterm delivery, respiratory distress syndrome [RDS], admission to neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]) were analyzed in different groups.Statistical TestsThe t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, Chi‐square, Fisher's exact test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used, and a P < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.ResultsThe mean operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative blood transfusing were significantly higher in patients with large placental area and short cervix than in patients with the small placental area and long cervix, respectively. The incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes was significantly higher in the large placenta area group and short cervix group than in the small placenta group area and long cervix group, respectively, such as preterm delivery, RDS, and NICU. By combining placental area with cervical length sensitivity and specificity increased to 93% and 92%, respectively, for the identification of MIH > 2000 mL with area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) 0.941.Data ConclusionLarge placental area and short cervical length may be associated with a high risk of MIH and adverse maternal–fetal perinatal outcomes in patients with complete placenta previa.Level of Evidence3.Technical Efficacy Stage2.
Detailed investigation of the lesion formation with a novel contact force sensing catheter with a mesh‐shaped irrigation tip
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Kawano Daisuke , Sasaki Wataru , Tanaka Naomichi , Narita Masataka , Mori Hitoshi , Tsutsui Kenta , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Arai Takahide , Nakano Shintaro , Kato Ritsushi , Matsumoto Kazuo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a novel contact force (CF) sensing catheter with mesh‐shaped irrigation tip (TactiFlex SE, Abbott) was invented and is expected to be useful for safe and effective radiofrequency ablation. However, this catheter's detailed characteristics of the lesion formation are unknown.MethodsWith an in vitro model, TactiFlex SE and its predecessor, FlexAbility SE, were used. A cross‐sectional analysis of 60 s lesions (combination of various energy power settings [30, 40, and 50 W], and CFs [10, 30, and 50 g]) and longitudinal analysis (combination of various powers [40 or 50 W], CFs [10, 30, and 50 g] and ablation times [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 s]) of both catheters were analyzed and compared.ResultsOne hundred eighty RF lesions were created in protocol 1 and 300 in protocol 2. The lesion formation, impedance changes, and steam pops characteristics were similar between the two catheters. Higher CFs were related to higher incidences of steam pops. A nonlinear, time‐dependent increase in the lesion depth and diameter was observed for all power and CF settings, and linear, positive correlations between the RF delivery time and lesion volume were observed for all power settings. Compared with 40 W, a 50 W ablation created greater lesions. Longer durations with higher CF settings had a higher steam pop incidence.ConclusionsThe lesion formation and incidence of steam pops with TactiFlex SE and FlexAbility SE were similar. A 40 or 50 W ablation with careful CF control not to exceed 30 g in addition to monitoring impedance drops was required to safely create transmural lesions.
Developing guidance for feeding tube administration of oral medications
Authors: Klang Mark G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrug administration through feeding tubes presents many challenges to the healthcare provider. There is little information available on medications than can be delivered safely when crushed and what efforts can be implemented to minimize clogging the feeding tube. Our institution requested a comprehensive examination of all oral medications for the feeding tube route.MethodsThis report is a synopsis of the physical evaluation of 323 different oral medications for their appropriateness for feeding tube administration with distal site in either the stomach or jejunum. A worksheet was created for each medication. This document contained a review of the chemical and physical properties that would contribute to delivery of the medication. Each medication was then studied for the degree of disintegration, pH, osmolality, and potential to form clogs. For drugs that needed to be crushed, the volume of water needed to dissolve the drug, time for that process, and volume needed to rinse the tube after administration was also studied.ResultsThe results of this review are summarized in a table and based on a composite of the documents cited, tests conducted, and author's judgements based all the data collected. Thirty‐six medications were identified as inappropriate for feeding tube administration, and an additional 46 medications were identified as inappropriate for direct jejunal administration.ConclusionThe information produced by this study will enable clinicians to make informed choices in selecting, compounding, and rinsing medications through feeding tubes. Using the template provided, they will be able to evaluate a drug not studied here for potential issues in feeding tube administration.
Comparison of the underlay and over‐underlay tympanoplasty: A randomized, double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Shishegar Mahmoud , Faramarzi Mohammad , Biniaz Dorna , Rabiei Nikta , Babaei Amirhossein 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to compare the graft success rate and hearing outcomes in patients with large tympanic membrane (TM) perforation in underlay and over‐underlay approaches.MethodsThis is a prospective double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial with a parallel design. Patients aged 15–75 years old with large TM perforation (more than 50% of TM) who operated at Khalili hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Science, Iran, were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were recent otorrhea, revision surgery, and pathologic intraoperative findings such as the presence of cholesteatoma, cholesterol granuloma, ear canal polyp, or damaged ossicle. In the first group, the underlay method and in the second group over‐underlay method were performed. Graft success rate, atelectasis, and audiology outcomes were evaluated after 6 months.ResultsThe investigation was conducted on 84 patients in the underlay and 67 patients in the over‐underlay group. Although there was a higher rate of graft failure (9%) in the over‐underlay group in comparison with the underlay group (4.8%), the difference was not statistically significant (p‐value = .34). No atelectasis was seen in both group. Although, between‐groups comparison of the preoperative and postoperative speech reception thresholds (SRT) and air‐bone gaps (ABG) values showed statistically significantly lower SRT and ABG in the over‐underlay technique, the difference was clinically negligible.ConclusionBoth techniques provide the same graft success rate, but SRT and ABG were significantly lower in the over‐underlay technique after the operation.Levels of Evidence1b
Contrasting impacts of warming and browning on periphyton
Authors: Puts Isolde Callisto , Ask Jenny , Myrstener Maria , Bergström Ann‐Kristin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe tested interactive effects of warming (+2°C) and browning on periphyton accrual and pigment composition when grown on a synthetic substrate (plastic strips) in the euphotic zone of 16 experimental ponds. We found that increased colored dissolved organic matter (cDOM) and associated nutrients alone, or in combination with warming, resulted in a substantially enhanced biomass accrual of periphyton, and a comparatively smaller increase in phytoplankton. This illustrates that periphyton is capable of using nutrients associated with cDOM, and by this may affect nutrient availability for phytoplankton. However, warming weakened the positive impact of browning on periphyton accrual, possibly by thermal compensation inferred from altered pigment composition, and/or changes in community composition. Our results illustrate multiple impacts of climate change on algal growth, which could have implications for productivity and consumer resource use, especially in shallow areas in northern lakes.
Effect of thermal spray coating cermets on superalloy to combat hot corrosion
Authors: Mysore Sadashiva Vinod Kumar , Ramappa Suresh , Natarajan Jagadeeswaran , Nisana Siddegowda Prema , Naik Prem Kumar , Puttaswamy Madhusudan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBurning coal emits contaminant gases that come into contact with turbine parts and speed up hot corrosion. To overcome the corrosion effect, it is necessary to opt for thermal spray coatings that offer resistance to hot corrosion. In the current study, hot corrosion investigations were done on both uncoated and high‐velocity oxygen fuel spray‐coated Superco‐650 alloys at 700°C for 50 cycles, in Na2SO4 + 60% V2O5 salt environment. At the end of each cycle, the weight gains or loss was recorded. We used powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to examine the hot corrosion impact. Our finding demonstrated that the uncoated Superco‐605 alloy was subjected to extensive spallation in the form of oxide scale remgoval due to the formation of an unprotected Fe2O3 oxide phase. Contrarily the coated Superco‐605 alloy gained less weight, and the oxide scales remained undamaged. The nickel, chromium oxides, and their sulfide phases were revealed by the EDS examination of the oxide scale over the coated sample, which is presumed to offer resistance to high‐temperature corrosion effects.