bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENGINEERING GRAPH AS AN APPROACH TO SUPPORT DESIGN DECISIONS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Schweitzer Gregor , Bitzer Michael , Vielhaber Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe requirements space is increasing due to non-functional areas such as security, resilience and sustainability gaining in importance. This creates a complex and dynamic space which makes it hard for engineers to take good data driven design decisions. Increasing the quality of design decisions allows to better set up development projects and develop more successful products and services. The design can most heavily be influenced in the early design phases, where design flexibility is high and resource commitment is low. Unfortunately, the system knowledge is also low in early phases. The Engineering Graph is a concept that connects data from different internal and external sources. It allows to connect product data stored in Product Lifecycle Management systems with system models and also add external sources from the Wikimedia Knowledge Graph, World Health Organization and World Bank. This interconnected data allows the support of engineers in managing the complex and dynamic requirement space and provide high system knowledge in the early design phases to support design decisions.
A FRAMEWORK FOR SMART EXPERIENCE DESIGN BASED ON ZERO-PARTY CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE DATA
Authors: Kim Yong Se 
Published: June 2023

AbstractData about customer experiences would be critical in smart product-service systems. Research is desired on how to establish a framework for Smart Experience Design based on customer experience data so that determining what kinds of customer data are needed and how these data are acquired effectively can be supported. This paper presents a framework and a method to design customer experience personalization services based on customer experience evaluation data obtained in real time and accumulated together with context data. Two illustrative cases are provided to demonstrate the validity of the framework of smart experience design based on customer experience data.
EVOLUTION OF INNOVATION IN INDUSTRY LIFE CYCLES: A COMPLEX NETWORK PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Padhee Soumyakant , Heydari Babak 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTechnological life cycles are driven by the changes in the shape and level of innovation, yet innovation rate is not directly observable and is difficult to trace. Innovation measured by patent-citation networks (PCN) cannot be estimated solely by quantity, whereas quality-adjusted quantity measurements are still prone to bias. Our paper complement PCN data analysis with an agent-based simulation (ABS) on networks to uncover the latent innovation that automatically accounts for the quality and quantity components instead of decoupling them. We build dynamic PCN for radio frequency 'CMOS' technology and subsequently develop ABS to replicate underlying innovation network formation. Comparing the real and synthetic data, we isolate latent innovation rate in PCN and by mapping pivotal patent assignees — innovators, we calculate the diversity of innovators in the technology market. Identifying innovation patterns, we show that, early on, innovation structures are less diverse and exploratory, but this grows and matures eventually until value creation become an expensive endeavor. Contrary to what is observed, we show how the abundance that appears are less significant publications mostly driven by exploitation in the technology market.
EXPANDING USER NEED FINDING THROUGH ABDUCTIVE REASONING
Authors: Bruggeman Ryan , Ciliotta Chehade Estefania , Ciuccarelli Paolo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrior research has shown the importance of latent user needs for enabling innovation in early product development phases. The success of a product is largely dependent on to what extent the product satisfies customer needs, and latent user needs play a significant role in impacting the way the product or service unexpectedly delights the user. Complications arise because traditional need finding methods are not able to account for the nuances of latent user needs. A user's need is multidimensional while traditional methods are built on deductive reasoning. The traditional method isolates parts of the user's needs, only pointing to what is deducible within its search space. To address this, we introduce abduction as a way to broaden traditional need finding methods. From a logic based argument it is shown that abduction accounts for the dimensionality of user needs by integrating various traditional need finding theories using design knowledge to isolate the latent need. This theoretical development shows that latent need finding must go beyond a deductive focus, to developing methods that are able to conjecture with the deduced facts in order to abduce the latent user need.
EXPERIENCE OF CREATIVITY AND INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL VALUES IN IDEATION
Authors: Gong Zhengya , Nanjappan Vijayakumar , Georgiev Georgi V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe influence of culture on design is reflected in many aspects, such as design creativity, communication within design groups, and individuals' creative performance. Culture has a profound impact on design. For example, studies have identified the positive effect of a higher individualism-collectivism value on design team performance. To examine the influence of individual cultural values on the experience of creativity in ideation, we experimented by recruiting participants from different counties to complete two ideation tasks. Moreover, we collected their cultural values and experiences of creativity through two questionnaires. We also examined the connections between individuals' cultural values and their experiences of creativity in ideation. The results show five correlations between individuals' cultural values and their experiences of creativity when the country setting was a control variable. Recommendations based on the findings include that explorations of cultural influence and the relationship between culture and design or other fields irrelated to the country or society level have to measure individual cultural values (with the country setting as a control variable) instead of adopting country cultural scores.
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A METHOD FOR SYSTEMATIC NEW DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kuechenhof Jan , Krause Dieter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCreativity is an essential factor in the development of innovative products. 4 Step Creation (4SC) is a method for systematic ideation and can be used to enhance the new product development process. It aims to promote creativity in interdisciplinary teams and provides a framework for collaboration so that original ideas can emerge, laying the foundation for innovation. At the same time, the method can be used for continuous improvement of existing systems. In this contribution 4SC is used in a design method experiment following the Design Method Validation System (DMVS) to validate design methods in product development. The experiment was carried out at PAD2022 International Summer School on the example of a vacuum cleaner robot. Findings show, that the developed method promotes transparency, traceability of ideas and thus communication in the team. It also facilitates the integration of different stakeholders in the ideation phase. The experiment also shows that the DMVS is well suited for planning, conducting, and evaluating design experiments.
A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING MENTAL IMAGERY IN DESIGN COGNITION RESEARCH
Authors: Macfie Rebecca Louise , Hay Laura Anne , Rodgers Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMental imagery is the experience of perceiving an object within one's own mind and is a subjective experience, leading to difficulties in the research and understanding of the phenomenon. This paper documents the development and verification of a framework for researching the elements of mental imagery. The framework was developed following a review of both psychology and design literature which signified three fundamental conceptual viewpoints of mental imagery: imagery modalities, dimensions of imagery ability, and imagery processes. The aim of this framework is to allow for structured research on mental imagery in any given research field. This is verified through discussion for the product design engineering discipline and provides a base for future work on this topic. The conclusions made in this paper reveal that mental imagery, and particularly visual mental imagery, is largely considered to be integral in design overlooking the different realities of designers and confirming a greater need to understand mental imagery experiences in product design engineering.
FLOW HEURISTICS FOR FUNCTIONAL MODELLING IN MODEL-BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Authors: Yildirim Unal , Campean Felician , Korsunovs Aleksandr , Doikin Aleksandr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModel-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is increasingly used across industries for the integrated modelling of complex systems to support model-based development and provide enhanced traceability between requirements and verification and validation of the system. This paper seeks to strengthen the function modelling methodology in MBSE by introducing an approach based on flow heuristics guided by the System State Flow Diagram schema. This provides function representations with an enhanced integrity in MBSE facilitating the solution-agnostic architecture modelling, and supports integrated simulation and function failure reasoning based on MBSE. The approach is illustrated with a case study of an electric bicycle implemented in the MathWorks System Composer environment.
FOSTERING DIVERGENCE DURING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN WITH INDUSTRIAL-BASED STUDENTS
Authors: Vuletic Tijana , Holliman Alexander “Freddie” , Thomson Avril 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTeaching the same design module to two different cohorts, traditional design students and industry-based students, the outcomes of the conceptual design stage has shown differences in divergence achieved, looking at both number and quality of concepts. The activities of both cohorts across two years are explored, combining on campus studio based teaching and online teaching, through comparison of teaching approaches for both cohorts and their effect on the design outcomes. Findings show that the traditional design students create significantly larger number of concepts, discussed in more detail and engage more fully in the divergence-convergence design process. Then the recommendations are provided for approaches and techniques that could be implemented to the industry-based student teaching to encourage divergence during idea generation. These include increased levels of studio work focused design work separated from industry needs, more structure and mandatory use of all instructed design techniques by inclusion in the assessment, increased focus on intermediate tasks and contextualisation of design terms to the fields they are familiar with.
FROM EXPERIENCE-BASED TO KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN DESIGN: A CASE STUDY OF A 3D-PRINTED PRODUCT
Authors: Højeng-Swensson Jakob , Pisinger Victor Mathias , Juul-Nyholm Herle Kjemtrup , Legarth Brian Nyvang , Eifler Tobias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a case study of a redesign process for 3D-printed parts has been analysed. The purpose was to compare the implementation of specialist knowledge in hands-on engineering tasks with the previous experience-based approach. Here, specialist knowledge refers to systematic experimental work as a basis for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). The case involves a set of compliant arms for an oil extraction device developed by a start-up company. Tensile tests of 3D printed dog-bone were performed to characterise the Young's modulus, tensile strength, and orthotropic behaviour of the material to build a material model based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA). With the material characteristics and three simple tests to estimate the optimisation constraints, the existing solution was disproven. Then, new solution candidates were generated and evaluated with input from the start-up company. The process resulted in a feasible solution as well as a reduction of maximum stress from 54MPa to 20MPa. The case highlights the value of specialist knowledge for characterisation of new technologies and design space constraints to reduce and improve iterations to solve a practical design problem.
FROM SKETCHES TO GRAPHS: A DEEP LEARNING BASED METHOD FOR DETECTION AND CONTEXTUALISATION OF PRINCIPLE SKETCHES IN THE EARLY PHASE OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Bickel Sebastian , Goetz Stefan , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe digitalization trend is finding its way more and more into product development, resulting in new frameworks to enhance product engineering. An integral element is the application of new techniques to existing data, which offers an enormous potential for time and cost savings, because duplicate work in product design and subsequent steps is avoided. The reduction of costs can be further increased through the application as early as possible in the product development process. One solution is outlined in this publication, where the source of available data is principle sketches from engineering design. These represent the basic solution for technical products in a simplified way and are often deployed in the early stages of the development process. This representation enables not only a search of similar sketches but also other fields of interest such as product optimization or the search of CAD-geometries. To utilize this data in a practical way, a procedure is presented which recognizes the symbols of the sketches and subsequently converts them into graphs. An exemplary dataset from different gearbox layouts is used to present the application opportunities by performing similarity searches with multiple input formats.
A HIERARCHICAL EXPLORATION OF HOW DESIGN MARGINS ENABLE ADAPTABILITY
Authors: Jacobson Lindsey , Ferguson Scott 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOur society is built on engineered systems. Engineers are becoming increasingly concerned with the sustainability of systems, particularly their ability to adapt to a changing world. Recently, there has been increased interest in exploring how design margins provide opportunities for a system change. There have been great developments in determining how design margins can absorb change at a system level, but it is still not clear how design margins might provide change opportunities at a decision variable level. In this paper, we show how system-level margins could be deconstructed to explore what change opportunities they may provide at a decision variable level. We also investigate how the coupling of functional requirements limits how system-level margins can be operationalized. Our analysis suggests that design margins can provide meaningful change opportunities at the decision variable level, but the mechanisms that produce these opportunities are complex. These insights lay the groundwork for future research on mapping and representing design margins in the context of system adaptability.
FUNCTION INTEGRATION IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A REVIEW OF APPROACHES
Authors: Tüzün Gregory-Jamie , Roth Daniel , Kreimeyer Matthias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of established approaches for function integration in additive manufacturing and critically compares their capabilities. One of the decisive factors is how functions and structures are addressed. This is necessary because function integration - among many others - affects material decisions and the manufacturing process chain. It is one of many reasons to rethink the product architecture and a way to support the design of resource-efficient products. Various strategies for function integration exist. However, there are currently no approaches in additive manufacturing that provide systematic support for early function integration.A systematic literature review identified 21 unique approaches. All approaches were categorized according to their abstraction level within a product architecture and their design type to be supported. They were then compared on the basis of their categorization, design objective and strategy for function integration to allow for a better understanding of when to use the approaches in research and practice. Key findings and considerations for adapting function integration approaches to early design stages are presented. In addition, several research gaps were identified.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN PROCESS FOR HYBRID INDIVIDUAL IMPLANTS
Authors: Pendzik Martin , Holtzhausen Stefan , Heinemann Sascha , Paetzold Kristin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AF) is characterised by a high degree of individuality and flexibility with regard to design and product layout. This enables the integration of different functions in a component. Due to these properties, AM has established itself in medical technology for the production of implants. Depending on the application, parameters such as resilience, biocompatibility and manufacturing restrictions play a varying role. So far, however, only limited research has been done on the design, manufacturing and application of hybrid implants (use of several materials). Although initial design and manufacturing guides exist, the problem of removing the hybrid implant from the shaping negative is hardly addressed.The aim is to analyse and evaluate an existing procedure for the design of hybrid implants depending on individual requirements and to further develop it regarding the removability from the shaping negative. In this context, the extent to which the adhesive properties between the elements can be influenced by design changes is to be investigated.
GREEN PRODUCT PERSONALITY: DEVELOPING A PRODUCT CONCEPT MADE OF RECYCLED OCEAN PLASTIC BASED ON THE COLLECTION OF CONTEXT-RELATED PERSONALITY TRAITS
Authors: Kohllöffel Katharina , Luccarelli Martin , Carbon Claus-Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe replacement of conventional material with recyclates affects product personality, particularly regarding sustainability aspects influencing consumer behaviour. A definition of personality for products made of recyclates is missing in literature. As these products require appropriate aesthetics based on material origin to communicate the advantage concerning sustainability, there is a need for research in this regard. This paper aims to develop an adequate personality of a reusable water bottle made of ocean plastic by collecting personality traits that evoke associations related to the material's origin and sustainability. We conducted two quantitative field studies. Study 1 collected associated visual perceived attributes and context-related personality traits in order to develop and visualize a preliminary design. Study 2 evaluated the design regarding associated personality traits. The overall outcome was a product personality scale consisting of 23 items plus a concrete design recommendation for a water bottle made of recycled ocean plastic. The assessment of degree of sustainability was strongly influenced by participants’ associations with personal use, familiarity with usage and the factor of stability and resilience.
A HIERARCHICAL MACHINE LEARNING WORKFLOW FOR OBJECT DETECTION OF ENGINEERING COMPONENTS
Authors: Kent Lee , Snider Chris , Gopsill James , Goudswaard Mark , Kukreja Aman , Hick Ben 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMachine Learning (ML) techniques are showing increasing use and value in the engineering sector. Object Detection methods, by which an ML system identifies objects from an image presented to it, have demonstrated promise for search and retrieval and synchronised physical/digital version control, amongst many applications.However, accuracy of detection often decreases as the number of objects considered by the system increases which, combined with very high training times and computational overhead, makes widespread use infeasible.This work presents a hierarchical ML workflow that leverages the pre-existing taxonometric structures of engineering components and abundant digital models (CAD) to streamline training and increase accuracy. With a two-layer structure, the approach demonstrates potential to increase accuracy to >90%, with potential time savings of 75% and greatly increased flexibility and expandability.While further refinement is required to increase robustness of detection and investigate scalability, the approach shows significant promise to increase feasibility of Object Detection techniques in engineering.
HOW SHOULD WE PROTOTYPE? ESTABLISHING THE AFFORDANCES OF PROTOTYPING MEDIA AND APPROACHES
Authors: Snider Chris , Goudswaard Mark , Ranscombe Charlie , Hao Chaunpeng , Gopsill James , Hicks Ben 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe breadth of media and approaches used when prototyping are vast, with each holding inherent properties that vary their suitability for a given prototyping activity.While several have established classifications of types and purposes of prototypes, there is little by way of guidance for designers on how select and strategise prototyping given their activity needs, or how the prototype chosen may influence their process, success or efficiency.This paper presents nine affordances of prototypes derived from literature, together characterising the properties of prototyping media or approaches that affect their suitability across prototyping activities.The affordances are illustrated through application to physical and digital classes of prototypes and four real prototype cases, showing descriptive capability, inherent differences between the media, and enabling direct and consistent comparison.By mapping affordances across many media and approaches, this work enables better method selection to align with activity needs, better description and comparison of media and approaches, and the ability the broadly interrogate and direct future development of prototyping technologies.
A KANSEI-ENGINEERING-BASED ACTIVE LEARNING MODULE FOR FAMILIARIZING MIDDLE-SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH BASICS OF PRODUCT DESIGN
Authors: Papantonopoulos Sotiris 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper proposes a methodology for developing an active learning module adapted from the Kansei Engineering methodology that intends to engage and familiarize middle school students with basics of product design and the Kansei product design and culture, and develop design skills. The module includes an identification of the design elements of a selected product, the creation of an items/categories matrix, product clustering according to different criteria (shape, material, principle of operation), an analysis of product functions and main product characteristics, and an evaluation of products with a Kansei scale created by the students. This series of activities lead to a design-thinking-based product-design project culminating in the construction and evaluation of prototypes. It carefully considers how students can gradually learn by going from activity to activity leading to a design project. In doing so, important skills such as, among others, analytical thinking, divergent thinking, and critical thinking are intended to be practiced.
IDENTIFYING AND COMPARING SUBPROBLEMS IN FACTORY DESIGN PROCESSES
Authors: Herrmann Jeffrey W. , Gralla Erica , Fazelpour Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen a design team faces the problem of designing a complex system, they are required to make several decisions. Because such design problems are difficult to solve all at once, teams often decompose the design problem into several smaller subproblems. This paper discusses the results of a study designed to understand how design teams decompose a factory redesign problem into sets of related subproblems and compare the subproblems obtained for each design team. This exploratory study analyzed the design activities of eight teams of professionals and used clustering to group the variables that the design teams considered. We found that the design teams used different decomposition strategies and different subproblems, but they more often considered subproblems with design variables of the same type, and some teams followed a top-down design process.