bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carvacrol reduces abnormal and dead sperm counts by attenuating sodium arsenite‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in the testicular tissues of rats
Authors: Gur Cihan , Akarsu Serkan Ali , Akaras Nurhan , Tuncer Sibel Cigdem , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArsenic (As) is a highly toxic metalloid. Carvacrol (CAR) is the active ingredient of Lamiaceae plants and has various biological and pharmacological properties. The present study investigated the protective effects of carvacrol (CAR) against testicular toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (SA). Rats were given SA (10 mg/kg) and/or CAR (25 or 50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Semen analyzes showed that CAR increased sperm motility and decreased the percentage of abnormal and dead sperm. It was determined that the oxidative stress induced by SA decreased with the increase of Nrf‐2 and HO‐1 expressions, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH levels, and MDA levels decreased after CAR treatment. It was observed that autophagy and inflammation triggered by SA in testicular tissue were alleviated by suppressing the expressions of LC3A, LC3B, MAPK‐14, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, iNOS, and COX‐2 biomarkers in rats given CAR. Also, CAR treatment suppressed SA‐induced apoptosis by inhibiting Bax and Caspase‐3 expressions in testicles and up‐regulating Bcl‐2 expression. Histopathological analyzes showed that rats given SA had deterioration in tubule structure and spermatogenesis cell line, especially a serious loss of spermatogonia cells, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and deterioration of germinal epithelium. In the group given CAR, the germinal epithelium and connective tissue were in normal morphological structure and an increase in seminiferous tubule diameters was observed. As a result, it was determined that oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis induced by SA were suppressed by CAR, thus protecting the testicular tissue from damage and increasing semen quality.
Integrated fecal microbiome and metabolome analysis explore the link between polystyrene nanoplastics exposure and male reproductive toxicity in mice
Authors: Fu Xufeng , Liu Ling , Han Hang , Li Yuanyuan , Si Shengbin , Xu Bo , Dai Wenjie , Yang Hong , He Tiantian , Du Xing , Pei Xiuying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are novel environmental pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment and everyday life. NPs can easily enter the tissues and have more significant potential health risks due to their smaller diameter. Previous studies have shown that NPs can induce male reproductive toxicity, but the detailed mechanisms remain uncertain. In this study, intragastric administration treated mice with polystyrene NPs (PS‐NPs, 50, and 90 nm) at 3 and 15 mg/mL/day doses for 30 days. Then, the fresh fecal samples were collected from those mice that the exposure doses of 50 nm PS‐NPs at 3 mg/mL/day and 90 nm at 15 mg/mL/day for subsequent investigations of 16S rRNA and metabolomics according to significant toxicological effects (Sperm number, viability, abnormality, and testosterone level). The conjoint analysis findings indicated that PS‐NPs disrupted the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, metabolism, and male reproduction, suggesting that abnormal gut microbiota‐metabolite pathways may be important in PS‐NPs‐induced male reproductive toxicity. Meanwhile, the common differential metabolites such as 4‐deoxy‐Erythronic acid, 8‐iso‐15‐keto‐PGE2, apo‐10′‐violaxanthin, beta‐D‐glucosamine, isokobusone, oleamide, oxoadipic acid, sphingosine induced by 50 and 90 nm PS‐NPs might be used as biomarkers to explore PS‐NPs‐induced male reproductive toxicity. In addition, this study systematically demonstrated that nano‐scale PS‐NPs induced male reproductive toxicity via the crosstalk of gut microbiota and metabolites. It also provided valuable insights into the toxicity of PS‐NPs, which was conducive to reproductive health risk assessment for public health prevention and treatment.
Sema3A alleviates viral myocarditis by modulating SIRT1 to regulate cardiomyocyte mitophagy
Authors: Lin Lin , Wei Jin , Zhu Canzhan , Hao Guanghua , Xue Jiahong , Zhu Yanhe , Wu Ruiyun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractViral myocarditis (VMC) is a common myocardial inflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiomyocyte necrosis. Sema3A was reported to reduce cardiac inflammation and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction, but its role in VMC remains to be explored. Here, a VMC mouse model was established by infection with CVB3, and Sema3A was overexpressed in vivo by intraventricular injection of an adenovirus‐mediated Sema3A expression vector (Ad‐Sema3A). We found that Sema3A overexpression attenuated CVB3‐induced cardiac dysfunction and tissue inflammation. And Sema3A also reduced macrophage accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the myocardium of VMC mice. In vitro, LPS was used to stimulate primary splenic macrophages to mimic the macrophage activation state in vivo. Activated macrophages were co‐cultured with primary mouse cardiomyocytes to evaluate macrophage infiltration‐induced cardiomyocyte damage. Ectopic expression of Sema3A in cardiomyocytes effectively protected cardiomyocytes from activated macrophage‐induced inflammation, apoptosis, and ROS accumulation. Mechanistically, cardiomyocyte‐expressed Sema3A mitigated macrophage infiltration‐caused cardiomyocyte dysfunction by promoting cardiomyocyte mitophagy and hindering NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, NAM (a SIRT1 inhibitor) reversed the protective effect of Sema3A against activated macrophage‐induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction by suppressing cardiomyocyte mitophagy. In conclusion, Sema3A promoted cardiomyocyte mitophagy and suppressed inflammasome activation by regulating SIRT1, thereby attenuating macrophage infiltration‐induced cardiomyocyte injury in VMC.
Critical review for the quantification of leachate production: Evaluation example for the “Oum Azza” public landfill in Rabat city, Morocco
Authors: Bouyakhsass Roukaya , Bouaouda Soukaina , Taleb Abdeslam , Madinzi Abdelaziz , Baudu Michel , Souabi Salah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe estimation of leachate quantities produced in landfills is necessary to dimension the treatment plants allowing to reduce the polluting load of these effluents and consequently avoid their negative impacts on the environment. Different leachate quantification methods were used in this study to assess the leachate volume produced at the Oum Azza landfill. The water balance method give comparable estimations of leachate production to the Ouled Berjal landfill ratio. The first method showed average values between 487 and 495 m3/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019, and at the same time, the second method gave values between 470 and 477 m3/day for the same years. In contrast, the World Bank ratio showed high values that vary between 2260 and 2295 m3/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019. The on‐site data and the statistical analysis showed us that the World Bank ratio is not adapted for the estimation of the leachates produced in Oum Azza landfill, while the water balance and the ratio of Ouled Berjal landfill allowed to give comparable results to reality.
General Concepts in Ecology
Authors: Huntley Brian John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis Chapter details the hierarchy of ecological assembly, from organismic, to population, to community, to ecosystem and to landscape levels. The processes of evolution by natural selection, genetic differentiation and speciation are described. Measures of species richness, evenness, diversity, endemism and categories of threat are important to conservation needs assessment and are illustrated with examples from Africa. The use of models of life history patterns (such as r- and K-strategies), and of the concepts of the ecological niche and guild are explained. Interactions between consumers and their food source provides a basis for their classification into herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and decomposers. To these are added interactions between two species with reciprocal effects—predation, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism. At landscape scales, interactions within and between populations and communities of existing and immigrant species, and the rates of immigration and extinction, are explored using the theories of island biogeography and of metapopulations. The impact of invasive species on rural livelihoods is used to demonstrate the fragility of natural communities to anthropogenic disturbance.
Identifying and Assessing Self-Management Behaviours
Authors: Henriques Helga Rafael , Camolas José , Pimenta Nuno , Mendes Anabela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter firstly describes target behaviours for chronic diseases, chosen based on their prevalence and potential for self-management: type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, heart failure, obesity, asthma and ischaemic heart disease. High-level target behaviours (e.g. diet, physical activity, medication adherence, smoking cessation, symptom monitoring and management) are presented for each of these diseases when applicable, accompanied by low-level target behaviours. Next, we address ways of assessing these target behaviours – diet, physical activity, medication adherence and smoking cessation – a necessary first step for understanding these behaviours and identifying needs.
Supplementary Online Resources for the Development of Behaviour Change Support Competencies
Authors: Štiglic Gregor , Braam Katja , Carmo Maria Beatriz , Correia Luís , Gosak Lucija , Lorber Mateja , Pimenta Nuno , Cláudio Ana Paula 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe final chapter presents open-access educational products that supplement this book: case studies and a web application to simulate behaviour change support in persons with chronic disease. The former is of particular interest for academic educators, while the latter may interest students independently pursuing training outside the classroom. These products can also be useful for professionals aiming to enhance behaviour change competencies in practice.First, we address key aspects of product development , including hallmarks such as the incorporation of behaviour change science and transnational co-production with users. Then, the main features of case studies and the web application with 2D virtual humans are described.
Completeness and the Finite Model Property for Kleene Algebra, Reconsidered
Authors: Kappé Tobias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKleene Algebra (KA) is the algebra of regular expressions. Central to the study of KA is Kozen’s (1994) completeness result, which says that any equivalence valid in the language model of KA follows from the axioms of KA. Also of interest is the finite model property (FMP), which says that false equivalences always have a finite counterexample. Palka (2005) showed that, for KA, the FMP is equivalent to completeness.We provide a unified and elementary proof of both properties. In contrast with earlier completeness proofs, this proof does not rely on minimality or bisimilarity techniques for deterministic automata. Instead, our approach avoids deterministic automata altogether, and uses Antimirov’s derivatives and the well-known transition monoid construction.Our results are fully verified in the Coq proof assistant.
Black hole interiors in holographic topological semimetals
Authors: Gao Ling-Long , Liu Yan , Lyu Hong-Da 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the black hole interiors in holographic Weyl semimetals and holographic nodal line semimetals. We find that the black hole singularities are of Kasner form. In the topologically nontrivial phase at low temperature, both the Kasner exponents of the metric fields and the proper time from the horizon to the singularity are almost constant, likely reflecting the topological nature of the topological semimetals. We also find some specific behaviors inside the horizon in each holographic semimetal model.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 higher spins: superfield equations of motion, the hypermultiplet supercurrents, and the component structure
Authors: Buchbinder Ioseph , Ivanov Evgeny , Zaigraev Nikita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As a continuation of our previous papers arXiv:2109.07639 and arXiv:2202.08196, we study the linearized structure of the manifestly 4D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric theory of the cubic couplings of the higher spin gauge superfields to the matter hypermultiplets. We consider in detail the superfield equations of motion, construct the conserved hypermultiplet superfield currents, explore their component structure (basically in the bosonic sector) and compare it with the corresponding currents in the conventional higher-spin bosonic theory. We thoroughly study the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 spin 2 and 3 models as instructive examples.
Intermittent and temporally variable bioturbation by some terrestrial invertebrates: implications for ichnology
Authors: Hsieh Shannon , Łaska Weronika , Uchman Alfred 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBedding planes and vertical sections of many sedimentary rock formations reveal bioturbation structures, including burrows, produced by diverse animal taxa at different rates and durations. These variables are not directly measurable in the fossil record, but neoichnological observations and experiments provide informative analogues. Comparable to marine invertebrates from many phyla, a captive beetle larva burrowing over 2 weeks showed high rates of sediment disturbance within the first 100 h but slower rates afterwards. Tunnelling by earthworms and adult dung beetles is also inconstant—displacement of lithic material alternates with organic matter displacement, often driven by food availability with more locomotion when hungry. High rates of bioturbation, as with locomotion generally, result from internal and external drives, slowing down or stopping when needs are filled. Like other processes affecting sediment deposition and erosion, rates can drastically differ based on measured timescale, with short bursts of activity followed by hiatuses, concentrated in various seasons and ontogenetic stages for particular species. Assumptions of constant velocities within movement paths, left as traces afterward, may not apply in many cases. Arguments about energetic efficiency or optimal foraging based on ichnofossils have often overlooked these and related issues. Single bioturbation rates from short-term experiments in captivity may not be comparable to rates measured at an ecosystem level over a year or generalized across multiple time scales where conditions differ even for the same species. Neoichnological work, with an understanding of lifetime variabilities in bioturbation and their drivers, helps connect ichnology with behavioural biology and movement ecology.
Definition der Hüftdysplasie im Jahr 2023
Authors: Heimann Alexander Frank , Zurmühle Corinne Andrea , Stetzelberger Vera Marie , Galley Julien , Schwab Joseph M. , Tannast Moritz 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Hüftdysplasie ist eine komplexe statisch-dynamische Pathologie, welche zu chronischer Gelenkinstabilität und Arthrose führt. Das Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Pathomorphologie hat sich weiterentwickelt, sodass eine Aktualisierung der Definition erforderlich ist.

Fragestellung
Wie lautet die Definition der Hüftdysplasie im Jahr 2023?

Methoden
Durch Zusammenfassung und Aufarbeitung der relevanten Literatur wird eine aktuelle Definition der Hüftdysplasie mit konkreten Angaben zur Diagnostik bereitgestellt.

Ergebnisse
Neben pathognomonischen sind supportive und deskriptive Parameter, sowie sekundäre Veränderungen von zentraler Bedeutung zur Diagnose der Hüftinstabilität. Die diagnostische Basis ist die konventionelle Beckenübersichtsaufnahme, welche bei Bedarf durch Zusatzuntersuchungen (Arthro-MRT der Hüfte; CT) ergänzt wird.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Komplexität, Subtilität und Vielfalt der Pathomorphologie residueller Hüftdysplasien erfordert eine sorgfältige, mehrstufige Diagnostik und Therapieplanung in spezialisierten Zentren.
A grounded theory about how teachers communicated high expectations to their secondary school students
Authors: Johnston Olivia , Wildy Helen , Shand Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh teachers’ expectations are associated with improved student academic achievement. However, no research explains how students experience their teachers’ expectations, from their points of view. A new theory was developed to achieve the study’s aim of accounting for how high expectations were experienced by 25 students in Western Australia. The findings offer educators student-focused perspectives of how to convey high teacher expectations that lead to improved student academic outcomes. Straussian grounded theory (Strauss, 1990) methods were used to generate substantive theory together with the Year 10 students in three Western Australian public schools, through data including more than 100 classroom observations and 175 interviews. The theory generated from the data provides a lens for understanding how teachers communicated high expectations through confidence, approach, relationship, and environment. Students identified practices that communicated high expectations that add to existing knowledge in the literature. The students recognised high expectations, then described how they responded by becoming motivated, engaged in learning, and acting to improve their academic outcomes. Teachers might draw on the substantive theory to inform classroom interactions that communicate high expectations in their own teaching contexts.
Integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome reveals key candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Pinellia ternata under heat stress
Authors: Guo Lianan , Tan Jun , Deng Xiaoshu , Mo Rangyu , Pan Yuan , Cao Yueqing , Chen Daxia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb and very sensitive to high temperatures. To gain a better understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis under heat stress in P. ternata, we performed integrated analyses of metabolome and transcriptome data. P. ternata plants were subjected to a temperature of 38 °C, and samples were collected after 10 d of treatment. A total of 502 differential accumulated metabolites and 5040 different expressed transcripts were identified, with flavonoid biosynthesis predominantly enriched. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis showed that high temperature treatment upregulated the expression of CYP73A and downregulated the expression of other genes (such as HCT, CCoAOMT, DFR1, DFR2), which might inhibit the biosynthesis of the downstream metabolome, including such metabolites as chlorogenic acid, pelargonidin, cyanidin, and (-)-epigallocatechin in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The transcription expression levels of these genes were validated by real-time PCR. Our results provide valuable insights into flavonoid composition and accumulation patterns and the candidate genes participating in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways under heat stress in P. ternata.
Charging forward: deploying EV infrastructure for Uber and Lyft in California
Authors: Jenn Alan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With recent policies such as the Clean Miles Standard in California and Lyft’s announcement to reach 100% electric vehicles (EVs) by 2030, the electrification of vehicles on ride-hailing platforms is inevitable. The impacts of this transition are not well-studied. This work attempts to examine the infrastructure deployment necessary to meet demand from electric vehicles being driven on Uber and Lyft platforms using empirical trip data from the two services. We develop the Widespread Infrastructure for Ride-hail EV Deployment model to examine a set of case studies for charger installation in San Diego, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area. We also conduct a set of sensitivity scenarios to measure the tradeoff between explicit costs of infrastructure versus weighting factors for valuing the time for drivers to travel to a charger (from where they are providing rides) and valuing the rate of charging (to minimize the amount of time that drivers have to wait to charge their vehicle). There are several notable findings from our study: (1) DC fast charging infrastructure is the dominant charger type necessary to meet ride-hailing demand, (2) shifting to overnight charging behavior that places less emphasis on daytime public charging can significantly reduce costs, and (3) the necessary ratio of chargers is approximately 10 times higher for EVs in Uber and Lyft compared to chargers for the general EV owning public.
Restoration of Well-Posedness of Infinite-Dimensional Singular ODE’s via Noise
Authors: Baños David , Bauer Martin , Meyer-Brandis Thilo , Proske Frank 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper we aim at generalizing the results of A. K. Zvonkin (That removes the drift, 22, 129, 41) and A. Y. Veretennikov (Theory Probab. Appl., 24, 354, 39) on the construction of unique strong solutions of stochastic differential equations with singular drift vector field and additive noise in the Euclidean space to the case of infinite-dimensional state spaces. The regularizing driving noise in our equation is chosen to be a locally non-Hölder continuous Hilbert space valued process of fractal nature, which does not allow for the use of classical construction techniques for strong solutions from PDE or semimartingale theory. Our approach, which does not resort to the Yamada-Watanabe principle for the verification of pathwise uniqueness of solutions, is based on Malliavin calculus.
Temperature sensitivity of carbon concentrating mechanisms in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Li Meng , Young Jodi N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMarine diatoms are key primary producers across diverse habitats in the global ocean. Diatoms rely on a biophysical carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) to supply high concentrations of CO2 around their carboxylating enzyme, RuBisCO. The necessity and energetic cost of the CCM are likely to be highly sensitive to temperature, as temperature impacts CO2 concentration, diffusivity, and the kinetics of CCM components. Here, we used membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and modeling to capture temperature regulation of the CCM in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt). We found that enhanced carbon fixation rates by Pt at elevated temperatures were accompanied by increased CCM activity capable of maintaining RuBisCO close to CO2 saturation but that the mechanism varied. At 10 and 18 °C, diffusion of CO2 into the cell, driven by Pt’s ‘chloroplast pump’ was the major inorganic carbon source. However, at 18 °C, upregulation of the chloroplast pump enhanced (while retaining the proportion of) both diffusive CO2 and active HCO3− uptake into the cytosol, and significantly increased chloroplast HCO3− concentrations. In contrast, at 25 °C, compared to 18 °C, the chloroplast pump had only a slight increase in activity. While diffusive uptake of CO2 into the cell remained constant, active HCO3− uptake across the cell membrane increased resulting in Pt depending equally on both CO2 and HCO3− as inorganic carbon sources. Despite changes in the CCM, the overall rate of active carbon transport remained double that of carbon fixation across all temperatures tested. The implication of the energetic cost of the Pt CCM in response to increasing temperatures was discussed.