bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONTRIBUTION OF FIRE INSURANCE TO THE GROWTH OF BUSINESSES IN KENYA
Authors: Kajwang Ben 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Loss of business because of fire damage can be financially debilitating. This damage can be difficult to recover from and the business owner may face a financial crisis. Nevertheless, cushion-like fire insurance can help can increase the ability of business owners to rebuild their businesses after experiencing fire damage. The purpose of this research work was to examine how fire insurance contributes to the growth of businesses and make recommendations for Kenyan business enterprises. This study therefore highlights the key opportunities and advantages that business owners in Kenya can utilize to grow their businesses when they have a working fire insurance.
Methodology: A desk-study method was adopted. Relevant book references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed papers that were not over five years old.
Findings: This study found out that having fire insurance is a key contributor to the growth of businesses. Fire insurance can help businesses to recover the cost of expensive business equipment. These include business buildings, machinery, furniture, electrical fittings, inventory, and other accessories. This is beneficial because the business owners can repurchase and restock the business as needed. This study concludes that fire insurance is useful to businesses as the security provided by the insurance motivates business operators to invest more into the business, creating more revenue for the economy.
Recommendations: The study recommends business owners in Kenya insure their business against fire and have working fire prevention measures on their business premises. The study also recommends business owners have a solid and practical disaster recovery plan. The purpose of a workable disaster recovery plan is to minimize financial losses, maintain the continuity of operation, ensure the integrity of data and restore normal operation in a timely and cost-effective manner. The study also recommends the establishment of a strong relationship between insured and insurers to enhance the fire insurance penetration in the business community. Awareness programs, public education, government involvement, encouragement for risk assessment, and risk-based premiums at affordable rates are some of the approaches that can be utilized to increase fire insurance penetration in the business community.
INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER COMPETENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
Authors: Wachiuri Elizabeth Wangu , Waiganjo Dr. Esther , Ismail Dr. Noor , Odhiambo Prof. Romanus 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of supplier competence on the performance of state corporations in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population was all the 187 state corporations in Kenya. The study employed a census approach. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. A pilot study was conducted to measure the research instruments reliability and validity. Descriptive statistics were used aided by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 24 to compute percentages of respondents’ answers. Inferential statistics using linear regression and correlation analysis were applied to assist examining relationship between the research variables. The results were presented using tables and graphs.Results: The findings revealed that supplier competence explained 44.1 % of the total variations in performance of state corporations in Kenya. Further, the results indicated that the overall model was statistically significant as supported by a p value of 0.000. This was supported by an F statistic of 111.904 and the reported p value (0.000) which was less than the conventional probability of 0.05 significance level. In addition, the findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between supplier competence and performance of state corporations in Kenya as supported by a p value of 0.000 and a beta coefficient of (0.903). This implies that an increase in supplier competence by 1 unit would increase the performance of state corporations by 0.903units.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommended that suppliers should develop competent technical abilities so as to provide high quality products or services. Some of the technical dimensions that suppliers should develop competence in include; compliance with quantity, compliance with due date, compliance with packaging standard, production planning systems of suppliers, and maintenance activities of suppliers, plant layout and material. It’s also recommended that state corporations in Kenya should check frequently if supplier organisation is abreast with the newer information technology developments as technology is very dynamic and changes regularly as the technology that was used in the past is not the one we using now and it will not be the one we will use tomorrow.
INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER EVALUATION CRITERIA ON PERFORMANCE OF METALS AND ALLIED FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: Kimani Mary Nyambura , Mwangangi Dr. Patrick 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study aimed at examining the influence of supplier evaluation on performance of metal and allied firms in Kenya by focusing on supplier’s financial capability, supplier’s regulatory compliance, supplier’s technical capability and supplier’s level of human resource competency. The study was guided by Lean Supplier Competence Model, Institutional Theory, Resource Based Theory and Social Exchange Theory.Methodology: The population target of the study comprised of 213 respondents drawn from managerial, supervisory and junior positions in procurement departments in all 71 metal and allied firms in Kenya. The study adopted a census method where it included all members of the target population. Questionnaires and data collection sheets were used to collect primary and secondary data respectively. The collected data was coded and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics where regression analysis was used to establish the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Descriptive and inferential results were presented in form of tables and figures. Pilot study was conducted prior data collection to test reliability and validity of data collection instruments.Results: The findings of the study revealed that supplier’s financial capability, supplier’s regulatory compliance, supplier’s technical capability and supplier’s level of human resource competence have a positive and significant influence on performance of metal and allied firms in Kenya.Recommendations: The study recommends that metal and allied firms should focus on supplier’s financial capability, supplier’s regulatory compliance, supplier’s technical capability and supplier’s level of human resource competence when conducting supplier’s evaluation since the practices have a positive and significant influence on performance of metal and allied firms.
INFLUENCE OF RISK MANAGEMENT ON SUPPLY CHAIN PROJECTS IN KENYA - A CASE OF DELOITTE KENYA
Authors: Ngaji Omuombo Arthur , Achuora Dr. John 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:This study examined the Influence of Risk Management on Supply Chain Projects in Kenya. Risk Management is a critical issue in the industry. The study sought to assess Influence of Risk Management on Supply Chain Projects in Kenya.Methodology:The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population of the study was all the completed (566) Supply Chain Projects in Deloitte within the 2013 to 2017 strategic year period. The study used self-structured questionnaires to collect primary data from respondents and the data collected was cleaned, pretested, validated, coded, summarized and analysed using statistical package of SPSS V23. The study findings were presented using bar charts and pie charts. . Results:The study found that the project managers had conceptual skills, technical skills, cost management skills, which positively influence Risk Management of supply chain projects. In addition, the study established that technological literacy and awareness, projects tools and equipment, skilled manpower, manpower training capacity, technological innovation, analytical and computational capacity and project team’s knowledge on ICT influence Risk Management in supply chain projects. Further, the study found that schedule development, schedule crashing, schedule compression, sequence of activities and schedule fast tracking influence Risk Management in supply chain projects. Also, the study found that factors such as the GDP cost of relocation of public utilities, inflation rates, variation of cost of labor, equipment hire rates, government debt service ratio, competing demands for government funds and unemployment rates influence Risk Management in supply chain projects.Contribution to policy and practice:Based on the study findings, the study concludes that risk planning influences Supply Chain Projects.The study also recommends that the government of Kenya should revise the current monitory policy governing inflation rates and foreign exchange rates so as to ensure the stability of foreign exchange rates and reduction in inflation rate.
EFFECT OF PROCUREMENT OUTSOURCING ON PERFORMANCE OF KENYA AIRWAYS LIMITED
Authors: Kabachia Sheila , Kihara Dr. Allan 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study sought to establish the effects of procurement outsourcing on performance of firms in the airline industry in Kenya with a focus on Kenya Airways Limited. The study specifically looked at the effect of purchasing functions outsourcing, transport and logistics services outsourcing, warehousing services outsourcing and procurement information systems management outsourcing on performance of firms in the airline industry with a focus on Kenya Airways Company Limited.Methodology: The study was guided by Transaction Cost Theory, SCOR Model, the Principal Agency Theory and Resource Dependency Theory. A case study was adopted in the study as a research design and targeted 75 employees in procurement and logistics departments at Kenya Airways Company departments. The study adopted a census technique with respect to the unit of analysis which was Kenya Airways Company Limited. The study used both descriptive as well as inferential statistics for analysis. Descriptive statistics of frequency distributions, percentages and frequency tables were used while inferential statistics of correlation and regression analysis were employed using SPSS version 24.0 to establish the relationship between procurement outsourcing practices and performance of firms in the airline industry.Results: The findings of the study revealed that purchasing functions outsourcing, transport and logistics services outsourcing, warehousing services outsourcing and procurement information system management outsourcing positively and significantly affect performance of firms in the airline industry.Contributions to policy and practice: The study recommends that Kenya Airways Limited should focus on outsourcing purchasing functions since the practice positively and significantly affects performance of the firm. The study also recommends that Kenya Airways Limited should enhance transport and logistics outsourcing since the practice positively and significantly affects performance of the firm. The study further recommends that Kenya Airways Limited should promote outsourcing of warehousing services since the practice positively and significantly affects performance of the firm. The study finally recommends that Kenya Airways Limited should enhance outsourcing of procurement information system management since the practice positively and significantly affects performance of the firm.
INFLUENCE OF CREDIT MANAGEMENT ON FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION EFFICIENCY OF DEPOSIT TAKING SACCOS’S IN KENYA
Authors: Muriithi Perminus Kariuki , Nasieku Tabitha , Memba Florence 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The regulation of Deposit Taking Saving and Credit Co-operative societies was expected to enhance transparency and accountability in the management of DT SACCO’s and thus protecting the interests of members. This was expected to lead to better service to members through provision of timely loans and advances with minimal risk exposures. SACCO’s have been identified as major financial player away from the Commercial Banks thus important in financial intermediation. Thus, the current study on the influence of credit management on financial intermediation efficiency of DT SACCO’s in Kenya.
Methodology: The study targeted 174 DT SACCO’s operating in Kenya as at 31st December 2019. Data analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics used in the study included measures of central tendency; mean; dispersion and standard deviation. Inferential statistics used included correlation and regression analysis.
Results: The study findings showed that there was a persistent increase in financial intermediation efficiency within the period under study and thus can be concluded that as DT SACCOs complied with credit managementon their financial intermediation efficiency improved.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Pure efficiency was lower than scale efficiency throughout the period under study, thus there is need for management to examine their performance inefficiencies so as to minimize wastages and spillage of performance opportunities.
REDEFINING PUNISHMENT AS A MEANS OF DISCIPLINE IN SCHOOLS: AN EXAMPLE FROM KOPANO MATLWA’S SPILT MILK
Authors: DARE S.O. , ADENIRANYE A.C. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Punishment has been used by authorities of schools as a means of instilling discipline in the school. The nature and type of punishment used vary from one school to another. Some are utilitarian while others are retributive. In most Nigerians schools, especially the public schools, the latter holds. As a result of this students have not shown any meaningful change in behaviour and this highlights the failure of the structure of discipline in our schools. This study aims to consider a redefinition of the nature of the punishment structure used in schools as presented in literary text.
Methodology: The data for the study were gathered from Kopano Matlwa’s Spilt Milk. Instances of punishment meted out to erring students in a school were descriptively analysed with a view to determining the nature and informing philosophy behind them. The study also seeks to seek the gains or otherwise of the nature of punishment used to discipline students in the text.
Findings: The study discovered that the nature of punishment given to students is reformative and utilitarian against the retributive nature of punishment used in the Nigerian structure. It is also more dignifying and less dehumanising for the student-offenders but of most importance is that students acquire more knowledge especially around the type of their offence. Parents are also more receptive of this type of punitive measures and encourage that it be used in the school.
Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that government should legislate on the present structure of punishment in most Nigerian schools to allow for punishments that are more reformative and utilitarian in nature. School authorities should adopt the positive-oriented methods that are philosophically utilitarian.
The Food Crisis in Egypt and the Decline and Fall of Germanicus
Authors: Graham Dr Daryn 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence-based and fully examined unique and original account of the decline and fall of Germanicus, and the role the food crisis of Egypt in the early years of the principate of Tiberius played in that decline and fall.
Methodology: No doubt, that decline and fall may have arguably saved the Roman Empire from civil was between Tiberius and Germanicus in time, but this article finds that Germanicus’ swift intervention in Egypt saved Egypt, and perhaps parts of the empire, from potential acute food shortage and even famine and starvation. In terms of methodology, these issues are explored throughout this article, as are the relationship between Tiberius the Roman Senate, and the aftermath of the AD17 earthquake in the Roman province of Asia, and their relating influences over decline and fall of Germanicus, as well.
Findings: Still, this article finds that Germanicus’ swift salvation of Egypt from famine and starvation rivalled Tiberius’ rebuilding of the province of Asia after AD17 too closely, earning the emperor’s rebuff and rebuttals, leading to the young Prince’s fall from imperial favour, and hence, his premature death.
THE ROLE OF MILL HILL MISSIONARIES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KISUMU COUNTY: NYABONDO BOYS SECONDARY SCHOOL, 1935 TO 1985.
Authors: Ndenga Billians Sidwaka , Muyaka Jafred , Kirui Peter 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper describes the contribution of Mill Hill Missionaries (M.H.M) to the development of Secondary Education in Kisumu County, Kenya. The paper also deals with the nature of early education in the area, the relationship that existed among Mill Hill Mission schools and lastly, the educational developments at Nyabondo Boys Secondary School.
Methodology: Being a historical study, the historical method of inquiry into the past was adopted. Primary sources of data consulted included oral testimonies of actual participants or witnesses of events in Kisumu County. Other primary sources used were archival documents either personal or institutional such as correspondences, photographs, mission publications, minutes of meetings and colonial government annual reports. The main secondary sources utilized were published and unpublished articles and books. The oral interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative method.
Results: The study findings demonstrated that the spread of Western education and Christianity in Kisumu County led to social transformation of the Luo from traditional to modern practices. The findings further revealed that African catechists played a great role in the development of Western education and Christianity in Kisumu County. It can be concluded that, M.H.M played a vital role on the growth and development of secondary education in Kisumu County through the establishment of Nyabondo Boys Secondary School. The historical growth and development of the school from 1935 to 1985 can be greatly attributed to the activities of the M.H.M as well as the roles that Africans played in supporting the missionaries establish the school in the region. The establishment of the school in return was instrumental to a positive transformation of Nyabondo community and beyond to the Kenyan nation.
EVALUATION OF SELECTED DRINKING WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS USING CCME-WQI IN NAKURU MUNICIPALITY, KENYA
Authors: Keli Margaret Mwikali , Munyao Thomas Mutuku , Kipkorir Emmanuel C. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Reliable baseline information on overall quality status of drinking water at spatial and temporal scales is important in drinking water management systems, ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water. The study aimed at determining the suitability of natural and treated water for drinking in Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. An attempt was also made to explore the applicability of CCME-WQI (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index) in evaluation of groundwater quality data for drinking uses.
Methodology: The study adopted a stratified random sampling technique that was employed systematically in conjunction with point and line techniques to create stratas/sampling components while ensuring each water cluster was represented through the sampling process. Analytical values of electrical conductivity, pH, selenium, cadmium, chloride and fluoride were used to determine quality status of water sourced from river and boreholes and as input parameters in calculation of index values. The evaluation and characterization of natural borehole water quality for drinking purposes was made using the water quality index (WQI) of the Canadian Council of Ministries of the Environment (CCME).
Results: The quality of natural and treated drinking water was found to be fresh in pH, chloride and electrical conductivity but contaminated in selenium, cadmium and fluoride in line with respective regulatory standards for drinking water. Based on the CCME-WQI, index values for all sampled sites representing natural borehole water were calculated in a range of 29.83 to 37.71 with an average value of 31.05 and ranked as poor.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Considering the limitations associated with the conventional methods in water quality monitoring, there is need to utilize other scientific based methods that can fill in the gaps to improve the current state of governance and practice of drinking water management systems. The CCME-WQI method as applied in this study can be utilized in evaluation of water quality monitoring data to facilitate water resources operational management and their allocation for different uses.