bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, regional, and national burden of oral cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Sun Rongyin , Dou Weijie , Liu Weiliang , Li Jin , Han Xiangxiang , Li Shunhang , Wu Xueqian , Wang Fei , Xu Xin , Li Jing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of oral cancer by analyzing the epidemiological trends of oral cancer.Materials and MethodsThe data on oral cancer from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. The incidence, mortality, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), and age‐standardized rate as well as attributable risk factors of oral cancer were used for the analysis. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to describe the changes in age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age‐standardized DALYs rate (ASDR).ResultsThe global ASIR of oral cancer showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019. ASIR in high SDI regions showed a decreasing trend during the studied period, with high SDI regions having the lowest ASMR in 2019. In 2019, the highest ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR were detected in South Asia. At the national level, Pakistan had the highest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. The increasing disease burden was observed in younger populations aged below 45 during the studied period. Smoking and alcohol use still exerted profound impacts on the oral cancer burden, with South Asia having the greatest increase in the percentage of deaths due to oral cancer attributable to chewing tobacco from 1990 to 2019.ConclusionIn conclusion, there is a large variability in the temporal and spatial burden of oral cancer, and it is essential for priority countries to take targeted intervention policies and measures to reduce the disease burden of oral cancer. In addition, the oral cancer burden caused by attributable risk factors should also receive close attention.
Laboratory methods: A concise review and update for COVID‐19 diagnosis
Authors: Nemati Mohadeseh , Jafari Ameneh , Ebrahimi Yaser , Golchin Ali , Pouya Fahima Danesh , Rezaei‐Tavirani Mostafa , Rasmi Yousef 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince late December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been rapidly spread across the globe. The early, safe, sensitive, and accurate diagnosis of viral infection is required to decrease and control contagious infection and improve public health surveillance. The diagnosis generally is made by detecting SARS‐CoV‐2‐related agents, including a range of nucleic acid detection‐based, immunoassay‐based, radiographic‐based, and biosensor‐based methods. This review presents the progress of various detection tools for diagnosing COVID‐19 and addresses the advantages and restrictions of each detection method. Given that diagnosis of a contagious various like SARS‐COV‐2 can improve patient survival rates and break the transmission chain, there is no surprise that significant efforts should be made to reduce the limitations of tests that lead to false‐negative results and to develop a substantial test for COVID‐19 diagnosis.
Constrictive pericarditis heart failure in a patient with atrial fibrillation: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Muñoz‐Rodríguez Rebeca , Igareta‐Herraiz Aída T. , Izquierdo‐Gómez María Manuela , Marí‐López Belén , Duque‐González María Amelia , Baeza‐Garzón Flor , Barragán‐Acea Antonio , Miranda‐Bacallado Julio , Bosa‐Ojeda Francisco , Lacalzada‐Almeida Juan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConstrictive pericarditis is an infrequent cause of heart failure. Diagnosis is challenging and requires a high level of suspicion. Subtle echocardiographic findings, as the pericardial bounce, could be the clue to diagnosis.
Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Functionalisation of Glycine Schiff Base Aryl Esters via 1,6‐ and 1,4‐Additions
Authors: Stockhammer Lotte , Craik Rebecca , Monkowius Uwe , Cordes David B. , Smith Andrew D. , Waser Mario 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe enantioselective α‐functionalisation of glycine Schiff base aryl esters through isothiourea catalysis is successfully demonstrated for 1,6‐additions to para‐quinone methides (21 examples, up to 95 : 5 dr and 96 : 4 er) and 1,4‐ additions to methylene substituted dicarbonyl or disulfonyl Michael acceptors (17 examples, up to 98 : 2 er). This nucleophilic organocatalysis approach gives access to a range of α‐functionalised α‐amino acid derivatives and further transformations of the activated aryl ester group provide a straightforward entry to advanced amino acid‐based esters, amides or thioesters.
Controllable and large‐area growth of ZnO nanosheet arrays under ambient condition as superior anodes for scalable aqueous batteries
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Fu Yanqing , Wei Qiliang , Zheng Yapeng , Wang Lin , Teng Jie , Yang Weiyou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) oxides have been the focus of substantial research interest recently, owing to their fascinating physico‐chemical properties. However, fabrication of large‐area 2D oxide materials in a controlled manner under mild conditions still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we develop a facile and universal strategy based on the sonochemistry approach for controllable and large‐area growth of quasi‐aligned single‐crystalline ZnO nanosheets on a Zn substrate (Zn@SC‐ZnO) under ambient conditions. The obtained ZnO nanosheets possess the desired exclusively exposed (00) facets, which have been confirmed to play a critical role in significantly reducing the activation energy and facilitating the stripping/plating processes of Zn. Accordingly, the constructed Zn@SC‐ZnO||Zn@SC‐ZnO symmetric cell has very low polarization overpotential down to ~20 mV, with limited dendrite growth and side reactions for Zn anodes. The developed Zn@SC‐ZnO//MnO2 aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) show a voltage efficiency of 88.2% under 500 mA g−1 at the stage of 50% depth of discharge, which is state of the art for ZIBs reported to date. Furthermore, the as‐assembled large‐size cell (5 cm × 5 cm) delivers an open circuit potential of 1.648 V, and can be robustly operated under a high current of 20 mA, showing excellent potential for future scalable applications.
Symmetrically Functionalized Copper and Silver Corrole‐Bis‐Tetracyanobutadiene Push‐Pull Conjugates: Efficient Population of Triplet States via Charge Transfer
Authors: Yadav Inderpal , Sharma Jatan K. , Sankar Muniappan , D'Souza Francis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCopper and silver tritolylcorroles (TTC) are symmetrically functionalized to carry two tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) entities via [2+2] cycloaddition‐retroeletrocyclization reaction involving ethynyl functionalized corroles with an electron acceptor, tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in excellent yields, as the first examples of corrole‐TCBD push‐pull systems. The strong push‐pull effect resulted in charge polarization in the ground state resulting in a considerable hypsochromic shift of the spectrum extending it into the near‐IR region. Electrochemical studies coupled with computational studies revealed considerable interactions between the two TCBD entities via the corrole π‐system and the degree of such interactions was found to depend on the metal ion present in the corrole cavity. Energy considerations suggested charge transfer (CT) from the S2 or vibrationally hot S1 state but not the relaxed S1 state in the case of CuTTC(TCBD)2 while CT to occur from all these states in the case of AgTTC(TCBD)2. Additionally, the high‐energy CT states populate the low‐lying triplet states. Systematic femtosecond pump‐probe studies provided the ultimate proof for the occurrence of excited CT as a function of excitation wavelength followed by the efficient population of the triplet states. The present study brings out the significance of charge transfer in efficiently populating the triplet states in rather unusual copper and silver corroles carrying two TCBD entities.
Disposition and Mass Balance of Etrasimod in Healthy Subjects and In Vitro Determination of the Enzymes Responsible for Its Oxidative Metabolism
Authors: Lee Caroline A. , Oh D. Alexander , Tang Yong , Yi Ping , Bashir Mohammad , English Stephen , Croft Marie , Blackburn Anthony , Bloom Steve , Gilder Kye , Grundy John S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEtrasimod (APD334) is an investigational, once‐daily, oral, selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor 1,4,5 modulator (S1P1,4,5) in development for treatment of various immune‐mediated inflammatory disorders. The disposition and mass balance of a single 2‐mg [14C]etrasimod dose were evaluated in 8 healthy males. An in vitro study was also conducted to identify etrasimod's oxidative metabolizing enzymes. Peak concentrations of etrasimod and total radioactivity in plasma and whole blood were typically reached 4–7 hours postdose. Etrasimod constituted 49.3% of total radioactivity plasma exposure, with multiple minor/trace metabolites making up the remainder. Etrasimod was slowly cleared mainly via biotransformation, predominantly by oxidative metabolism, with unchanged etrasimod recovered in feces accounting for only 11.2% of the dose and none in urine. The mean apparent terminal half‐lives of etrasimod and total radioactivity in plasma were 37.8 and 89.0 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative recovery of radioactivity in excreta over 336 hours was 86.9% of the dose, mostly in feces. The prevalent metabolites eliminated in feces were M3 (hydroxy‐etrasimod) and M36 (oxy‐etrasimod sulfate), accounting for 22.1% and 18.9% of the dose, respectively. From in vitro reaction phenotyping, the predominant enzymes involved in the oxidation of etrasimod were CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, with minor contributions from CYP2C19 and CYP2J2.
Pharmacokinetic Drug‐Drug Interaction With Coadministration of Cannabidiol and Everolimus in a Phase 1 Healthy Volunteer Trial
Authors: Wray Louise , Berwaerts Joris , Critchley David , Hyland Kerry , Chen Cuiping , Thai Ching , Tayo Bola 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen highly purified cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex) and the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus are used concomitantly in the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex, there is evidence of a pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction, leading to increased everolimus systemic exposure. We evaluated the effect of steady‐state CBD exposure following multiple clinically relevant CBD doses on everolimus PK in healthy adult participants in a single‐center, fixed‐sequence, open‐label, phase 1 study. All participants received oral everolimus 5 mg on day 1, followed by a 7‐day washout. On days 9–17, participants received CBD (100 mg/mL oral solution) at 12.5 mg/kg in the morning and evening. On the morning of day 13, participants also received a single dose of oral everolimus 5 mg. Medications were taken 30 or 45 minutes (morning or evening dose) after starting a standardized meal. Maximum concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration and extrapolated to infinity, of everolimus in whole blood were estimated using noncompartmental analysis, with geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of everolimus dosed with CBD to everolimus dosed alone. A single dose of everolimus 5 mg was well tolerated when administered with multiple doses of CBD. Log‐transformed everolimus maximum concentration, AUC from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration, and AUC extrapolated to infinity values increased by ≈2.5‐fold, and everolimus half‐life remained largely unchanged in the presence of steady‐state CBD relative to everolimus dosed alone. Everolimus blood concentration monitoring should be strongly advised with appropriate dose reduction when coadministered with CBD.
Proposed time‐mode wide fan‐in NAND and NOR gates
Authors: Sharroush Sherif M. , Badry Emad 
Published: May 2023

SummaryCMOS circuits usually operate either in the voltage, current, charge, or time domain. Each of these domains has its own features. As the fan‐in of CMOS circuits increases, the performance of circuits that operate in the voltage domain, the current domain, or the charge domain degrades. This is the case especially with scaling down the power‐supply voltage associated with technology scaling. In this paper, a time‐mode scheme that utilizes a floating‐gate MOSFET (FGMOS) transistor is proposed. The proposed scheme showed good performance for wide fan‐in NAND and NOR gates. The design issues of the proposed scheme like the speed and the power consumption are investigated quantitatively. The performance of the proposed scheme is confirmed through simulation using the 45‐nm CMOS predictive technology model (PTM) with a 1‐V power‐supply voltage. 64‐input NAND and NOR gates realized using this scheme have time delays of 0.375 and 0.25 ns, respectively, at a load capacitance of 5 fF. The application of the proposed scheme for realizing multiplexers required in register files is illustrated and compared with the conventional domino logic in the superthreshold, near‐threshold, and subthreshold regions.
A voltage waveform design method for shortening current response time of a coil
Authors: Dou Minfeng , Long Linshuang , Yao Hongxin , Wang Yue , Wang Xiyao , Zhao Guozhu , Dang Saichao , Ye Hong 
Published: May 2023

SummaryCoils are widely used in magnetorheological dampers, solenoid valves, and electron guns, where a quick response of the magnetic induction to the excitation voltage is needed. To achieve a quick response, the response time of the magnetic induction relative to the current and that of the current relative to the voltage should be shortened as much as possible. The latter is dominant in the total response time and can be shortened by using voltage control with an increased resistance or current control. The current time responses of the Helmholtz coils based on voltage control with an increased resistance and current control are measured. The results indicate that the current response times of the coils based on voltage control with resistances of 23.7 and 162 Ω and current control with a resistance of 23.7 Ω are 235.3, 42.3, and 62.1 μs, respectively. The current time responses of the voltage control are smooth, while those of the current control have large oscillations. Based on Kirchhoff's equilibrium equation, an overshoot voltage waveform design method is proposed to shorten the current response time and eliminate the current oscillations. The experimental results show that the current time response is smooth, and the current response time can be shortened by 91.8%, 54.4%, and 68.9% in comparison with those of the former three control cases. The demonstration experiments of the effect of the different control methods on the electron‐beam scanning path and hot spot distribution show that the scanning path and dwell duration are closer to the expected ones with the proposed method. The proposed method is of great value for improving the damping performance of a magnetorheological damper, the accuracy of the fluid injection of a solenoid valve, and the accuracy of the electron‐beam thermal assessment.
Classification of foot ulcers in people with diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Monteiro‐Soares Matilde , Hamilton Emma J. , Russell David A. , Srisawasdi Gulapar , Boyko Edward J. , Mills Joseph L. , Jeffcoate William , Game Fran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundClassification and scoring systems can help both clinical management and audit the outcomes of routine care.AimThis study aimed to assess published systems used to characterise ulcers in people with diabetes to determine which should be recommended to (a) aid communication between health professionals, (b) predict clinical outcome of individual ulcers, (c) characterise people with infection and/or peripheral arterial disease, and (d) audit to compare outcomes in different populations. This systematic review is part of the process of developing the 2023 guidelines to classify foot ulcers from the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles published up to December 2021 which evaluated the association, accuracy or reliability of systems used to classify ulcers in people with diabetes. Published classifications had to have been validated in populations of >80% of people with diabetes and a foot ulcer.ResultsWe found 28 systems addressed in 149 studies. Overall, the certainty of the evidence for each classification was low or very low, with 19 (68%) of the classifications being assessed by ≤ 3 studies. The most frequently validated system was the one from Meggitt‐Wagner, but the articles validating this system focused mainly on the association between the different grades and amputation. Clinical outcomes were not standardized but included ulcer‐free survival, ulcer healing, hospitalisation, limb amputation, mortality, and cost.ConclusionDespite the limitations, this systematic review provided sufficient evidence to support recommendations on the use of six particular systems in specific clinical scenarios.
Incidence of shark‐inflicted bite injuries on Australian snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and Australian humpback (Sousa sahulensis) dolphins in coastal waters off east Queensland, Australia
Authors: Nicholls Caitlin R. , Peters Katharina J. , Cagnazzi Daniele , Hanf Daniella , Parra Guido J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ecology and evolution of prey populations are influenced by predation and predation risk. Our understanding of predator–prey relationships between sharks and dolphins is incomplete due to the difficulties in observing predatory events directly. Shark‐inflicted wounds are often seen on dolphin bodies, which can provide an indirect measure of predation pressure. We used photographs of Australian humpback and snubfin dolphins from north, central, and south Queensland to assess the incidence of shark‐inflicted bite injuries and to examine interspecific differences in bite injuries and their relationship with group sizes, habitat features, and geographical locations characteristic of where these individuals occurred. The incidence of shark‐inflicted scarring did not differ between species (χ2 = 0.133, df = 1, p = .715), with 33.3% of snubfin and 24.1% of humpback dolphins showing evidence of shark bites when data were pooled across all three study sites. Generalized additive models indicated that dolphins closer to the coast, with greater photographic coverage, and in north Queensland were more likely to have a shark‐inflicted bite injury. The similar incidence of shark‐inflicted wounds found on snubfin and humpback dolphins suggests both are subject to comparable predation pressure from sharks in the study region. Results highlight the importance that habitat features such as distance to the coast and geographical location could have in predation risk of dolphins from sharks, as well as the importance of considering photographic coverage when assessing the incidence of shark‐inflicted bites on dolphins or other marine animals. This study serves as a baseline for future studies on shark‐dolphin interactions in Queensland and into how predation may influence dolphin habitat usage, group living, and behavior.
Identity of the holotype and type locality of Rhabdophis leonardi (Wall, 1923) (Colubridae: Natricinae), with notes on the morphology and natural history of the species in southwestern China
Authors: Yang Shi‐Jun , Savitzky Alan H. , Gower David J. , Deepak V. , Mori Akira , Khot Rahul , Shi Jing‐Song , Ding Li , Hou Mian , Xu Hai‐Yuan , Wang Qin , Zhu Guang‐Xiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe original description of Natrix leonardi (currently Rhabdophis leonardi) by Frank Wall in 1923, based on a specimen from the “Upper Burma Hills,” lacked important morphological details that have complicated the assignment of recently collected material. Furthermore, although the holotype was never lost, its location has been misreported in one important taxonomic reference, leading to further confusion. We report the correct repository of the holotype (Natural History Museum, London), together with its current catalog number. We also describe key features of that specimen that were omitted from the original description, and provide new details on the morphology of the species, including sexual dichromatism unusual for the genus, based upon specimens from southern Sichuan, China. Rhabdophis leonardi is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: 15 or 17 DSR at midbody and 6 supralabials; distinct annulus around the neck, broad and red in males, and narrow and orange with a black border in females; dorsal ground color light green or olive; some lateral and dorsal scales possessing black edges, the frequency of black edges gradually increasing from anterior to posterior, forming irregular and ill‐defined transverse black bands; eye with prominent green iris; black ventral spots with a red edge, most numerous at midbody but extending halfway down the length of the tail. In southwestern China, this species is frequently found at 1730–2230 m elevation. It has been documented to prey upon anuran amphibians, including toads. A recently published phylogenetic analysis showed this species to be deeply nested with the genus Rhabdophis, as a member of the R. nuchalis Group. That analysis also revealed the existence of two closely related but geographically distinct subclades in the molecular analysis, one of which may represent an unnamed taxon.
Empirical landscape genetic comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in three arid‐zone mammals with high dispersal capacity
Authors: Skey Ebony D. , Ottewell Kym M. , Spencer Peter B. , Shaw Robyn E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLandscape genetics is increasingly transitioning away from microsatellites, with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) providing increased resolution for detecting patterns of spatial‐genetic structure. This is particularly pertinent for research in arid‐zone mammals due to challenges associated with unique life history traits, such as boom‐bust population dynamics and long‐distance dispersal capacities. Here, we provide a case study comparing SNPs versus microsatellites for testing three explicit landscape genetic hypotheses (isolation‐by‐distance, isolation‐by‐barrier, and isolation‐by‐resistance) in a suite of small, arid‐zone mammals in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Using clustering algorithms, Mantel tests, and linear mixed effects models, we compare functional connectivity between genetic marker types and across species, including one marsupial, Ningaui timealeyi, and two native rodents, Pseudomys chapmani and P. hermannsburgensis. SNPs resolved subtle genetic structuring not detected by microsatellites, particularly for N. timealeyi where two genetic clusters were identified. Furthermore, stronger signatures of isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐resistance were detected when using SNPs, and model selection based on SNPs tended to identify more complex resistance surfaces (i.e., composite surfaces of multiple environmental layers) in the best‐performing models. While we found limited evidence for physical barriers to dispersal across the Pilbara for all species, we found that topography, substrate, and soil moisture were the main environmental drivers shaping functional connectivity. Our study demonstrates that new analytical and genetic tools can provide novel ecological insights into arid landscapes, with potential application to conservation management through identifying dispersal corridors to mediate the impacts of ongoing habitat fragmentation in the region.