bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KIR channel regulation of electrical conduction along cerebrovascular endothelium: Enhanced modulation during Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hakim Md A. , Behringer Erik J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveEndothelial cell (EC) coupling occurs through gap junctions and underlies cerebral blood flow regulation governed by inward‐rectifying K+ (KIR) channels. This study addressed effects of KIR channel activity on EC coupling before and during Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsIntact EC tubes (width: ~90–100 μm; length: ~0.5 mm) were freshly isolated from posterior cerebral arteries of young Pre‐AD (1–3 months) and aged AD (13–18 months) male and female 3xTg‐AD mice. Dual intracellular microelectrodes applied simultaneous current injections (±0.5–3 nA) and membrane potential (Vm) recordings in ECs at distance ~400 μm. Elevated extracellular potassium ([K+]E; 8–15 mmol/L; reference, 5 mmol/L) activated KIR channels.ResultsConducted Vm (∆Vm) responses ranged from ~−30 to 30 mV in response to −3 to +3 nA (linear regression, R2 ≥ .99) while lacking rectification for charge polarity or axial direction of spread. Conduction slope decreased ~10%–20% during 15 mmol/L [K+]E in Pre‐AD males and AD females. 15 mmol/L [K+]E decreased conduction by ~10%–20% at lower ∆Vm thresholds in AD animals (~±20 mV) versus Pre‐AD (~±25 mV). AD increased conducted hyperpolarization by ~10%–15% during 8–12 mmol/L [K+]E.ConclusionsBrain endothelial KIR channel activity modulates bidirectional spread of vasoreactive signals with enhanced regulation of EC coupling during AD pathology.
Erythropoietin induces odontoblastic differentiation of human‐derived pulp stem cells via EphB4‐Mediated MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Gu Deao , Liu Hanxiao , Qiu Xinyi , Yu Yijun , Tang Xuna , Liu Chao , Miao Leiying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesHuman‐derived pulp stem cells play key roles during dentinogenesis. Erythropoietin is reportedly involved in osteoblastogenesis and facilitates bone formation. However, the mechanism is still unknown. This research was to study the potential of erythropoietin in enhancing odontoblastic differentiation of human‐derived pulp stem cells and to determine the underlying mechanism.MethodsThe human‐derived pulp stem cells were treated with erythropoietin, EphB4 inhibitor, and MAPK inhibitors, and the odontoblastic differentiation was measured by ALP staining, ALP activity assay, alizarin red S staining, and their quantitative analysis, and RT‐qPCR of DSPP, DMP1, OCN, and RUNX2. The direct pulp capping model was established to evaluate the formation of tertiary dentin after treatment with erythropoietin. Western blot assay was conducted to assess relevant protein expressions in the phosphorylated EphB4 and MAPK pathway.ResultsThe results showed that erythropoietin promoted odontoblastic differentiation of human‐derived pulp stem cells at 20 U/ml. Erythropoietin induced tertiary dentin formation in vivo. The potential mechanism of this was upregulating phosphorylated EphB4 and phosphorylated MAPK; furthermore, this effect could be decreased by EphB4 inhibitors, which inhibited MAPK phosphorylation. Blockage of MAPK pathways attenuated human‐derived pulp stem cells’ odontoblastic differentiation, suggesting that MAPK pathways are involved.ConclusionErythropoietin induced tertiary dentin formation in vivo. And erythropoietin enhanced human‐derived pulp stem cells' odontoblastic differentiation via the EphB4‐mediated MAPK signaling pathway.
Terrestrial laser scanning for 3D mapping of an alpine ice cave
Authors: Pfeiffer Jan , Rutzinger Martin , Spötl Christoph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPerennial ice deposits in caves are an underexplored component of the cryosphere preserving a largely untapped archive of long‐term changes in landscape and climate whose existence is threatened by climate change. This study demonstrates how terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can be used to fully and accurately (registration accuracy < 1 cm standard deviation of point differences) assess the geometry of an ice‐bearing cave in the Eastern Alps (Tyrol, Austria). Three TLS campaigns and 255 scan positions were used to acquire point clouds with a high sampling density (2 cm average point spacing) in order to minimise shading effects and to assure a precise and highly resolved 3D documentation of the cave. A semi‐automated registration and point cloud‐processing approach adapted to the site‐specific demands ensured a complete and error‐minimised assessment of the cave's geometry serving as a solid basis for future quantifications of snow and ice content dynamics. Dominant cave surface structures were investigated by performing a multiscale principal component analysis (PCA) to identify a detailed and computationally efficient basis for future airflow modelling tasks.
Single‐center real‐world treatment outcomes of ablative fractional laser‐assisted photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis
Authors: Kim Dong Chan , Han Hee Jeong , Kim Seung Il , Park Bumhee , Kim You Chan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmong various treatment modalities of actinic keratosis (AK), ablative fractional laser‐assisted photodynamic therapy (fractional PDT) has shown higher efficacy despite shorter incubation time. However, there are lack of real‐world studies on the therapeutic response of ablative PDT for AK and the factors that can predict the therapeutic response.PurposeThe aim of this study was to analyze the association between clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of fractional PDT.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐six patients who were histologically diagnosed with AK and treated with fractional PDT were retrospectively reviewed. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare treatment session differences according to grades.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, the grade 2 category tended to be more clinically nonresponders than the grade 1 (OR, 5.17; 95% CI, 1.011–26.439; p = .048) and the group treated four or more times with ablative fractional laser‐assisted PDT were more likely to show no response compared with the single treatment session group (OR, 8.78; 95% CI, 1.355–56.874; p = .023). Treatment sessions were significantly lower in grade 1 (1.72 ± 0.63, mean ± SD) when compared to grades 2 and 3, respectively (2.17 ± 0.76; 2.60 ± 1.60, mean ± SD). Recurrence was highest in grade 2, and most of them occurred after 1 year.ConclusionOn average, two treatment sessions are sufficient for AK lesions, but the thicker the lesion, the more treatment sessions may be required. Although there are relatively smaller number of grade 3 patients were included, recurrence was more frequent in higher grade of AK category, which needs special attention to thicker lesions.
Modeling of interventions for reducing external Enterobacteriaceae contamination of broiler carcasses during processing
Authors: Correia Carreira Guido , Projahn Michaela , Langkabel Nina , Becker Evelyne , Käsbohrer Annemarie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article presents a mathematical model for the Enterobacteriaceae count on the surface of broiler chicken during slaughter and how it may be affected by different processing technologies. The model is based on a model originally developed for Campylobacter and has been adapted for Enterobacteriaceae using a Bayesian updating approach and hitherto unpublished data gathered from German abattoirs. The slaughter process in the model consists of five stages: input, scalding, defeathering, evisceration, washing, and chilling.The impact of various processing technologies along the broiler processing line on the Enterobacteriaceae count on the carcasses’ surface has been determined from literature data. The model is implemented in the software R and equipped with a graphical user interface which allows interactively to choose among different processing technologies for each stage along the processing line. Based on the choice of processing technologies the model estimates the Enterobacteriaceae count on the surface of each broiler chicken at each stage of processing. This result is then compared to a so‐called baseline model which simulates a processing line with a fixed set of processing technologies.The model calculations showed how even very effective removal of bacteria on the exterior of the carcass in a previous step will be undone by the cross‐contamination with leaked feces, if feces contain high concentrations of bacteria.
Causal attributions and OCD treatment response: A linguistic analysis of OCD patients' self‐reported etiological explanations in intensive residential treatment
Authors: Ching Terence H. W. , Pinciotti Caitlin M. , Farrell Nicholas R. 
Published: December 2022

In the present study, 43 obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients receiving cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT)/exposure and response prevention (ERP) in an intensive residential treatment program responded to an open‐ended question about causal attributions (i.e., personal explanations for the etiology of their OCD) at baseline and the Yale‐Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS) at baseline and treatment discharge. Baseline self‐reported responses about causal attributions were qualitatively coded to derive predictors (biological/genetic, environmental, psychological, and interactional attributions). Predictors were entered into a binary logistic regression with Y‐BOCS responder status (at least partial response [≥25% pre‐post reduction] vs. no response) as the outcome. After controlling for length of stay and number of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, only biological/genetic attributions uniquely predicted increased odds of treatment response, odds ratio = 10.04, p = 0.03. Biological/genetic attributions may reduce self‐blame for symptoms or increase expectancy violation likelihood during treatment, thereby improving odds of response. Clinicians should assess OCD patients' causal attributions as part of routine clinical care to hopefully optimize treatment outcomes.
Parenthood and changes in physical activity from early adulthood to mid‐life among Finnish adults
Authors: Palomäki Sanna , Kukko Tuomas , Kaseva Kaisa , Salin Kasper , Lounassalo Irinja , Yang Xiaolin , Rovio Suvi , Pahkala Katja , Lehtimäki Terho , Hirvensalo Mirja , Raitakari Olli , Tammelin Tuija H. 
Published: December 2022

This study examined longitudinal associations between parenthood‐related factors and physical activity from young adulthood to midlife over a 19‐year follow‐up period. Participants (n = 761) at the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study responded to a self‐report questionnaire in their adulthood (in 1992, 2001, 2007, and 2011). Participants were classified as meeting or not meeting an aerobic physical activity recommendation. Parenthood‐related factors included the age of having their first child and the number and age of the children. Analyses of generalized estimation equations were performed and adjusted for several demographic and health‐related covariates. Both mothers and fathers with children under 6 years were less likely to be involved in physical activity than participants without children. However, meeting the aerobic physical activity recommendations did not differ between parents with a youngest child who was 6 years old or older as compared to the childless participants. The older the youngest child was, the more likely the parents were to be physically active. Participants who became a parent relatively late, at the age of 30 or older, seemed less likely to meet the aerobic physical activity recommendation during follow‐up than those who had their first child at the age of 26–29. The results indicate that parenthood does not seem to have a long‐lasting negative impact on adults' physical activity, and the individuals reached a similar level of physical activity in midlife than they had before parenthood.
Mastery‐orientedmotor competence intervention improves behavioral but not cognitiveself‐regulationin head start preschoolers: Randomized controlled trial results
Authors: Miller Alison L. , Palmer Kara K. , Wang Lu , Wang Chang , Riley Hurley O. , McClelland Megan M. , Robinson Leah E. 
Published: December 2022

Motor competence and self‐regulation develop rapidly in early childhood; emerging work suggests motor competence interventions as a promising way to promote self‐regulation (e.g., behavioral inhibition; cognitive flexibility) in young children. We tested the impact of a mastery‐focused motor competence intervention (Children's Health Activity Motor Program [CHAMP])1on behavioral and cognitive aspects of self‐regulation among children attending Head Start. Grounded in Achievement Goal Theory, CHAMP encourages children's autonomy to navigate a mastery‐oriented motor skill learning environment. Children (Mage = 53.4 months,SD = 3.2) were cluster‐randomized by classroom (6 per condition) to an intervention (n = 67) or control condition (n = 45). Behavioral self‐regulation skills were assessed using the Head‐Toes‐Knees‐Shoulders task (HTKS). Cognitive self‐regulation skills were assessed using working memory and dimensional card‐sorting executive function tasks. Random‐effects hurdle models accounting for zero‐inflated distributions indicated that children receiving CHAMP, versus not, were almost 3 times more likely to have non‐zero HTKS scores at post‐test; OR: 2.98 (CI 1.53, 5.81); however, there were no effects on any cognitive aspects of self‐regulation (allp's > 0.05). Mastery climate motor competence interventions are an ecologically valid strategy that may have a greater impact on preschoolers' behavioral than cognitive aspects of self‐regulation.
EMI (English‐medium instruction) in Singapore's major universities
Authors: Botha Werner , Bolton Kingsley , Bacon‐Shone John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article we report on the dynamics of English‐medium instruction (EMI) in Singaporean higher education, where we describe the context of EMI with reference to the multilingual background and multilingual practices of university students in their educational as well as personal lives. Our study surveyed over one thousand students from Singapore's six main universities, where we investigated the multilingual backgrounds of students at these universities, their language practices, and their experience of EMI education. Whereas our previous research has focused on the language policies and practices in just one of Singapore's universities, this project surveyed language use in all six major universities. It is hoped that the report presented here will serve as a record of current practices, as well as a benchmark for future research.
Competitive Advantage among Indigenous Construction Firms in Competing with Expatriate Contractors in Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Saheed Olanrewaju , Aribisala Ayooluwa Femi , Muhammed Abdulhaqq Onoruoyiza , Mobayo Jonathan Oluwapelumi , Belgore Usman 
Published: December 2022

In recent times, the preference for expatriates in the contractual process in Nigeria has become an issue of controversy and general public interest. As a result, the high presence of these foreign expatriates has raised competitiveness in the construction sector, which is partly caused by indigenous enterprises' incapacity to meet the demands placed on them in terms of construction project delivery. This paper, therefore, investigates the factors influencing clients’ choice of contractor, examines the performance index of both expatriate and indigenous construction firms (ICFs), and analyzes the key performance indicators (KPI) for ICFs to increase their competitive advantage. The methodology involved the administration of structured questionnaires to a paper population of 384 construction experts comprising engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, builders, and project managers in Nigeria. With a response rate of 69%, frequencies/percentages, mean values, relative importance index (RII), and regression model were employed for the analysis. The findings revealed that the most important factors influencing clients’ choice are past performance and experience, equipment capabilities, and quality specification/standards. Additionally, this paper used six (6) KPIs (human resource management, financial management practices client-based strategy, organizational culture practices, smart work methods, and quality management practices) to model the performances of ICFs to increase their competitive advantage in Nigeria. This paper concluded that there is a higher performance of foreign expatriates in terms of time, cost, scope, quality, and satisfaction over their indigenous counterparts. This paper recommended that there is a need for ICFs to increase their equipment capacity and ability to undertake mega projects, develop an effective funding strategy to execute projects and collaborate with international partners to boost their level of competitiveness.
Reviewing Original Research Articles Published in the International Sport Coaching Journal
Authors: Hirsch Katherine E. , Loughead Todd M. , Bloom Gordon A. , Gilbert Wade D. 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this commentary is to provide a broad overview of the empirical research-based articles published in the International Sport Coaching Journal from its inception in 2014 through 2020. Data from 101 publications were collected and analyzed using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage framework for conducting scoping reviews. Data were extracted on the size and scope of research, populations and perspectives studied, and methodologies and data collection methods used. The results show that empirical research publications grew more prominent over time (i.e., 24.0% of 2014 publications vs. 58.1% of 2020 publications) compared with other publication types. The most commonly researched topics included coach development and coach behaviors. The participants most studied were male coaches, performance sport coaches, and adult sport coaches, featuring primarily European and North American coaches. The majority of studies used a qualitative methodology with the most common research designs being phenomenological and case studies. A variety of data collection methods were used that involved one-on-one interviews and questionnaires. Several recommendations are advanced to stakeholders, including strategies to promote racial and gender diversity and to collect and report demographic data on race and coaching experience.
“Pirates Will More Pleasantly Accept the Patronage of His Imperial Majesty”: Colonial Projects of Peter the Great and Jacobite Conspiracies (1718–1725)
Authors: Kopelev D. N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article is devoted to the issues of the colonial policy of Peter the Great in 1718–1725. Drawing on new archival documents, the author analyzes the trends in the geopolitical development of the Russian Empire in the focus of the ideology of the Jacobite movement and connects the main trends of Russia’s imperial expansion in the World Ocean with the plans for the restoration of the Stuart dynasty, interpreting in a new way the geopolitical plans of Peter the Great regarding an alliance with the pirates of Madagascar and the organization of slave trade.
A Century of NEP Studies: Time to Take Stock?
Authors: Mukhin M. Yu. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chronicle of the study of the most important aspects of the history of the New Economic Policy (NEP) over the century that has elapsed since the beginning of the NEP reforms is analyzed. Three definite periods can be distinguished in the NEP historiography: the Soviet stage, the Perestroika period, and the post-Soviet phase. At the same time, each period is characterized by a specific political situation, which left an imprint both on the degree of relevance and the priority of certain subjects in the study of NEP and on the methodological approaches to the study of these subjects. The author believes that, in the future, the most promising NEP studies will focus on the interface of areas: economic history and social history, economic history and the history of state institutions, military history and social history, etc.
Financiers and Generals: Debates about Military Spending in the Ruling Circles of the Russian Empire (1860s–Early 1890s)
Authors: Stepanov V. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Debates in the ruling circles of the Russian Empire about its military spending from the 1860s to the early 1890s are considered. The positions of opposing government departments are examined and analyzed: the Ministry of Finance, the State Control, the Department of State Economy, and some other central institutions demanded to measure the costs of the army with limited Treasury resources, and the Ministry of War advocated a significant increase in allocations for the needs of state defense, appealing to the strengthening armed forces of Western powers. Particular attention is paid to economic and foreign policy factors that to varying degrees influenced the amount of funding for the army—crises in the national economy, crop sizes, the state of industry and trade, budget balance, the level of public debt, the threat of international conflicts, local hostilities on the outskirts of the empire, etc. The author concludes that ultimately the government failed to bring the army into full compliance with the requirements of time, which was especially evident in the wars of the early 20th century.
The Isady Hoard of 2021
Authors: Strikalov I. Yu. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article is a preliminary publication about a jewelry hoard found in the vicinity of the fortified settlement of Staraya Ryazan’ in 2021. The items of the hoard are described, the circumstances of its finding and characteristics of the site are presented, and a preliminary analysis of the hoard contents and its dating are provided. Based on analogies, primarily from hoard complexes found on the territory of Rus’, it is concluded that the date of the Isady hoard concealment falls within the late 11th–the first half of the 12th century. A preliminary analysis of technological and stylistic devices testifies to the uniqueness of the Isady hoard among synchronous finds, which is proved by a wide variety of objects representing samples of almost all known techniques and styles of the time of its concealment.
Was the 1958 Reform Ruinous for Collective Farms?
Authors: Tomilin V. N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The state of collective farms after the 1958 Reform is considered. Radical reconstruction occurred in the agricultural sector of the Soviet economy. The collective farms turned out to be the owners of machines and agricultural tools, but without the necessary infrastructure for their work and without any experience in the organization of tractor operations. The equipment procurement turned many collective farms into debtors of the State, and in the future their expenses for production needs only grew. The Government tried to solve the problem of economically weak collective farms by combining them with the strong farms and converting them into state farms. In the new economic conditions, collective farm production did not have sufficient resources for development. The first years of the work of collective farms in the new conditions showed the need for a serious adjustment of the State agricultural policy.