bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERSIAPAN GURU SD UNTUK MENERAPKAN KURIKULUM MERDEKA TAHUN 2022: SEBUAH STUDI FENOMENOLOGI
Authors: Muhafid Ervian Arif , Retnawati Heri 
Published: January 2023

Perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi mengisyaratkan perlu diperbaikinya kurikulum di sekolah. Di Indonesia, tahun 2022 akan diterapkan kurikulum baru yang dinamai dengan kurikulum Merdeka. Pada kurikulum ini, difasilitasi pembelajaran yang melatihkan kemampuan siswa sesuai kebutuhannya atau yang dikelan dengan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memotret/menganalisis kesiapan guru dalam mengujicoba/mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis fenomenologi. Partisipan penelitian ini diwakili oleh guru SD dari wilayah Indonesia Bagian Barat, Tengah dan Timur Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket dengan bantuan google form yang dilanjutkan dengan wawancara untuk partisipan yang terpilih. Teknik Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif bodgan dan bliken dengan tiga langkah,yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Temuan menunjukan pemahaman guru berkaitan dengan kurikulum merdeka sebagai kurikulum yang didesain lebih focus dan fleksibel sesuai dengan pontensi siswa menyesuaikan dengan kondisi satuan Pendidikan. Sedikit guru yang belum memahami dan mengerti adanya kurikulum merdeka. Persiapan yang dilakukan guru sejauh ini mengenal kurikulum merdeka secara mendalam melalui berbagai media serta mengikuti sosialisasi secara luring maupun daring. Hambatan yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam mempersiapkan penerapan kurikulum merdeka adalah kurangnya perangkat pendukung, motivasi dan kompetensi diri guru serta dukungan dari ekosistem sekolah. Ekosistem sekolah secara bergotong royong dengan adil bersama-sama mempersiapkan segala sesuatunya sesuai dengan tugas dan peranya masing masing mempersiapkan penerapan kurikulum merdeka.
Factors Affecting Oxygen Saturation and Length of Care in COPD Patients With Semifowler Positions at Hermina Ciputat Hospital
Authors: Rasmiyani Desy , Alkaff Khodijah , Surwaningsih  , Huda Mega Hasanul , Rahman Muhammad Fauzi , Putra Yuhendri , Nurani Intan Asri 
Published: January 2023

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lung disease which has a chronic obstruction in airway that can interefere normal respiration led to death. Patients with COPD usually show symptoms such as dyspnea that are most frustrating in patients with COPD that can trigger the appearance of tightness and decreased saturation. The semi-fowler position is a position that can be chosen by patients who have difficulty breathing and in COPD patients is expected to optimize lung development so that oxygen saturation becomes increased. Given the many factors that contribute to oxygen saturation in patients, it is important to control the factors that affect oxygen saturation in patients who get a semi-fowler position. In addition, given the high prevalence of COPD, it is important for hospitals to identify factors that affect the length of day of treatment of patients with COPD. Identification of these factors can help health workers to plan treatment programs to plan the length of the day of treatment of patients who enter the hospital. The study aimed to identify factors that influence oxygen saturation and the length of days of treatment in COPD patients who get semi-fowler positions at Hermina Ciputat Hospital. Data collection was carried out from January 2020 to October 2021 using the cross-sectional method, namely by taking data at once at the same time through medical record data on 84 inpatients. The analysis test used in this study is the T-test and subsequently multivariate analysis is carried out using linear regression tests. Based on the analysis test, the factors that affect oxygen saturation are gender, smoking history, and initial saturation value. While the factors that affect the length of treatment are the history of smokers and the history of comorbid. Respondents who had a history of smoking would experience a decrease in oxygen saturation by 0.3888. Preventive interventions through smoking-related health education need to be done to reduce the severity in patients with COPD who are hospitalized.
Wortbildung, Syntax oder Flexion? Hinweise auf die Entstehung einer neuen Verbalkategorie im Deutschen
Authors: Hentschel Elke 
Published: January 2023

In German, non-finite forms of verbs that are traditionally labelled as "nominalized infinitives", but are better categorized as gerunds, can show very unusual features. Although they carry a definitive article and therefore clearly seem to belong to the class of nouns, they still govern objects and adverbials in exactly the same way the verb does. It is therefore argued that in spite of the determiners, these forms are essentially verbal in nature. The syntactic functions they fulfil can be anything from subject or object to adverbial or attributive modifier, i. e. functions that are usually fulfilled by subordinate clauses. Since this is the same kind of behavior that converbs in languages like Turkish show, this leads to the suggestion that they can indeed be considered as a functionally similar to converbs.

Dieser Beitrag ist ursprünglich im Peter-Lang-Verlag erschienen (https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/plg/jwf/2017/00000001/00000002/art00003)
تطبيق المقاصد الشرعية في القوانين الإندونيسية للاحتكار الدراسة المقاصدية
Authors: Maulana Iqbal Husein Muhammad , Rosyadi Imron , Ichsan Muchammad 
Published: January 2023

تهدف الدراسة معرفة إلى تطبيق المقاصد الشرعية في القوانين الإندونيسية للاحتكار من خلال دراسة القانون الإندونيسي رقم 5 لسنة 1999و القانون الإندونيسي رقم 7 لسنة 2014 و المرسوم الرئاسي رقم 71 لسنة 2015 يرجو الباحث أن تكون هذه الدراسة لها فوائد كثيرة وذات أهمية كبيرة نظرية كانت أو عملية تشارك في التقدم العلمي الإسلامي، تعتمد هذه الدراسة منهج البحث المكتبي الوصفي التحليلي الاستقرائي. وأما المصادر البيانات الأولية مأخوذة من كتاب القانون الإندونيسي خاصة ما يتعلق بالاحتكار وكذالك يرجع الباحث إلى كتاب المقاصد الشرعية لمحمد الطاهر ابن عاشور، وقد لاحت نتائج الدراسة أن القوانين الإندونيسي التي تبين الممارسة الاحتكارية أن كلها مطبقة عليها المقاصد الشرعية خاصة في المقصد الشرعي في حفظ المال وحفظ النفس
منهج السخاوي والسيوطي في إيراد الأحاديث المشتهرة بين ألسنة الناس في كتابيهما
Authors: Bin Kurdian Nur Kholis , Noor Ikhsan Silviantoro  , Fatahilah Aly  
Published: January 2023

من أهم المباحث في علوم الحديث الشيقة والمناسبة لمر الدهور هو مبحث الحديث المشهور. والشهرة هنا الشهرة اللغوية التي بمعنى ما اشتهر على ألسنة الناس. قد ألف كثير من العلماء في جمع الأحاديث المشتهرة في زمانهم لبيان درجتها، منهم الإمام السخاوي والإمام السيوطي، وهما عاشيا في عصر واحد، وكتاباهما يعتبر من أشهر كتب في هذا الباب و أوسعه، لذا اخترناهما ليكونا موضعي الدراسة. والغرض منها معرفة مناهجهما المثلى في كتابيهما، ليتمكن من بعدهما الاستفادة منها واتباعها في جمع الأحاديث المشتهرة على الألسنة أو المشتهرة على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في عصرنا الحاضر مع بيان درجتها.
وهذا البحث بحث مكتبي، ومنهجه كيفي مقارن، بحيث إننا نستقرئ منهج الإمام السخاوي من كتابه المقاصد الحسنة و منهج الإمام السيوطي من الدرر المنتثرة ثم نقارن بينهما حتى نقف على أوجه الشبه والاختلاف منهما.
النتيجة: من أوجه الشبه بينهما ما يلي: أنهما قدما كتابيهما بمقدمة بينا فيها سبب التأليف وشروطهما وبعض مناهجهما. وذكرا درجة الحديث غالبا عقب الحديث. وأحالا الحديث إلى كتب الحديث غالبا.
ومن أوجه الاختلاف : أن السخاوي ألف كتابه تأليفا لم يبنه على تأليف غيره بخلاف السيوطي أنه بنى كتابه على كتاب غيره تلخيصا وزيادة عليه. وعدد أحاديث كتاب السخاوي أكثر بكثير من عدد أحاديث كتاب السيوطي. وجمع السخاوي منهجين في إيراد أحاديثه: ترتيبها على حروف المعجم تارة و على الموضوعات أو تراجم الكتب تارة أخرى، بخلاف السيوطي فإنه رتبها على حروف المعجم فقط. والسخاوي يحكم على أحاديثه صحة أو ضعفا أو نقل الحكم عليها من غيره من المحدثين، وأما السيوطي قل أن يحكم على أحاديثه بل أنه نقل الحكم من كتاب الأصل في الغالب. والسخاوي يتكلم كثيرا في فقه الحديث ومعنى الحديث وذكر الشواهد له إن وجد، واستشهد بالشعر فيه أحيانا، بخلاف السيوطي أنه لا يتكلم عن فقه الحديث ولا عن معناه ولا يذكر الشواهد له إلا قليلا، و لم يستشهد بالشعر في فقه الحديث. والسخاوي أورد كلام شيخه ابن حجر العسقلاني كثيرا واستفاد منه تلقيا منه، وأما السيوطي فإنه قل أن يورد كلام ابن حجر العسقلاني وإن أورده واستفاد منه فإنه استفاد من كتبه.
Espectrogramas de registros de Ballenas Barbadas sintetizados a partir de arquitecturas de Autoenconders: CAE, VAE y CAE-LSTM
Authors: Cabedio María Celeste , Carnaghi Marco 
Published: January 2023

En este trabajo se analizan diferentes arquitecturas de redes convolucionales sencillas para generar espectrogramas sintéticos correspondientes a registros de audio de ballenas barbadas. La sencillez en el modelo juega un rol importante en las implementaciones de este tipo de redes sobre sistemas embebidos. Además, existe una necesidad de generar modelos eficientes frente a la escasez de datos disponibles para este tipo de aplicaciones. Con tal fin, se presentan arquitecturas de Autoencoders simples y de baja cantidad de parámetros asociados, se entrenan los modelos, se obtienen métricas adecuadas y se realizan las correspondientes comparaciones. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la arquitectura con una implementación más directa es, a su vez, la más conveniente. Finalmente, a partir de estos modelos, se generan espectrogramas sintéticos a partir de pocos datos de muestra, empleando una arquitectura de baja complejidad y asumiendo una distribución normal de los vectores reales.
ACERCAMIENTO SOCIO-EMOCIONAL DEL ESTUDIANTE ANTE LA PROBLEMÁTICA DE EMIGRACIÓN PARENTAL EN VENEZUELA
Authors: Dávila Belquis Molina 
Published: January 2023

Este artículo de investigación tiene como propósito describir las incidencias emocionales de un grupo de estudiantes de educación primaria cuyos padres emigraron, la investigación emplea el método fenomenológico que se ubica en el paradigma interpretativo, el análisis discursivo se da a través de las opiniones de tres informantes estudiantes, quienes entablan conversaciones espontáneas con la investigadora, lo que permite tener un acercamiento socio-emocional ante la situación del proceso de emigración parental. Los resultados permiten evidenciar la idealización del integrante familiar ausente, los estudiantes tienen una visión proyectiva hacia la unificación familiar, los cuidadores de los niños y jóvenes obvian la necesidad de afecto y acompañamiento escolar. Se concluye que no se trata solo de una pérdida del vínculo parental sino se trata de una separación parental que deja un vacío afectivo que aflige en lo emocional y en actitudes conductuales de los estudiantes, esto insta a los orientadores a brindar atención urgente.
Game Clash of Klungkung Kingdom Sebagai Media Pengenalan Sejarah Kerta Gosa Berbasis Android
Authors: Ayu Sukma Shintyaningsih  , I Gede Suardika  , Ketut Gus Oka Ciptahadi  
Published: January 2023

Klungkung merupakan sebuah kerajaan yang sangat terkenal di Bali dan merupakan pusat pemerintahan Bali kuno. Klungkung mengalami sebuah peristiwa besar yaitu peristiwa perang puputan. Kerajaan Klungkung di zaman dahulu meninggalkan warisan bangunan dengan benda bersejarah yang sekarang dikenal dengan Kerta Gosa. Berdasarkan periodisasinya, Situs Kerta Gosa tergolong dalam zaman Bali Baru yakni masa penjajahan Belanda (Kolonial), merupakan tempat peradilan warisan dari Keraton atau Puri Semarapura (1686-1908). Akan tetapi, di zaman sekarang warisan kerajaan Klungkung yaitu Kertagosa kurang diperhatikan dan banyak yang tidak tahu akan keberadaan Kerta Gosa. Agar generasi muda dapat mengenal sejarah pembangunan Kerta Gosa, dibuatlah “Game Clash of Klungkung Kingdom sebagai Media Pengenalan Sejarah Kerta Gosa Berbasis Android.” Tujuan dari game ini adalah memberikan pengenalan secara umum bangunan Kerta Gosa dan sejarah dari Kerta Gosa. Game ini dibangun dengan metode GDLC (Game Development Life Cycle). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Black-box testing, dapat disimpulkan bahwa game dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan baik sesuai dengan rancangan. Berdasarkan jawaban 30 responden yang diberi kuesioner dengan 10 pertanyaan diolah dan didapatkan hasil skor System Usability Scale sebanyak 82,67 dengan predikat “Excellent ”.
Methods in the Quantitation of Antigen-Antibody Reactions Measured by Radioimmunoassay: Application to the Gastrin System Revealing Large and Restricted Binding Energies
Authors: Goldenberg Kim , Berkowitz Jesse M. , Praissman Melvin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Quantitative methods are presented for defining antigen-antibody interactions in the radioimmunologic assay system when only the bound to free ratio of labeled antigen and the concentration of unlabeled antigen are known. From these methods the equilibrium constant (K), the antibody site concentration (AbT), the number of binding sites (n), and the extent of binding energy heterogeneity (α) are derived for the gastrin-antiporcine gastrin antibody interaction by using human synthetic gastrin for both the labeled and unlabeled antigen. In one method, models of various orders of interaction are applied to the data and suggest a univalent homogeneous gastrin-antibody reaction. In two other methods a form of the Scatchard equation and Sips distribution are applied to the experimental data to obtain an n of one and an α close to one, respectively. Values for K are found by all three methods. The interaction was studied at six different antibody dilutions and the equilibrium constant and effective antibody site concentration at the largest dilution were 2.71 × 1011 M-1 and 1.09 × 10-12 M, respectively.
Induction of Cellular Immunity to Herpes Simplex Virus: Relationship to the Humoral Immune Response
Authors: Rosenberg Gary L. , Notkins Abner Louis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In vitro lymphocyte stimulation and virus-neutralization techniques were employed to study the relationship between the cellular and humoral immune responses to herpes simplex virus (HSV) in rabbits. Lymphocytes specifically sensitized to HSV were detected as early as 3 days after infection, generally before the appearance of neutralizing antibody. Neutralizing antibody levels continued to rise over the next several weeks, whereas the ability of sensitized lymphocytes to respond to viral antigens markedly decreased. Reinfection 60 days after the primary infection resulted in a sharp increase in the responsiveness of the lymphocytes to viral antigens.
The induction of cell-mediated immunity and the responsiveness of sensitized lymphocytes to viral antigens appears to be intimately related to the physical state of the virus. Animals inoculated with infectious HSV developed both cellular and humoral immunity; animals inoculated with UV-inactivated HSV developed a cellular immune response, but little if any neutralizing antibody; animals inoculated with HSV complexed with anti-HSV antibody developed neither a cellular nor a humoral immune response. In vitro, specifically sensitized lymphocytes could be stimulated by virus and by virus bound to cells, but not by cell-bound virus that had been incubated with antiviral antibody. These observations suggest that antiviral antibody can affect both the induction of cell-mediated immunity and the responsiveness of specifically sensitized lymphocytes to viral antigens bound to cells.
Allotypes of Rat Immunoglobulins
Authors: Bazin Hervé , Beckers Andrée , Vaerman Jean-Pierre , Heremans Joseph F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The inheritance and strain distribution of a genetic marker of the α-chains of rat IgA, which we propose to call Iα(1a), was tested by means of a precipitating anti-allotype antiserum obtained by immunizing August rats with a monoclonal IgA protein from a LOU/Wsl rat immunocytoma.
The presence or absence of the Iα(1a) character appeared to be controlled by a single pair of codominant alleles, which appear to govern the biosynthesis of virtually all the rat serum IgA.
Isolation and Characterization of a Blood P1 Active Carbohydrate Antigen of Echinococcus Granulosus Cyst Membrane
Authors: Russi Serena , Siracusano Alessandra , Vicari Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A glycoprotein antigen was isolated from the membrane of hydatid cysts of sheep and human origin. The constituent sugars of the carbohydrate moiety of this antigen are galactose, galactosamine, and glucosamine. The antigen shows a high P1 blood group activity when tested by hemagglutination-inhibition assay with anti-P1 sera. Moreover, it precipitates 11 out of 21 sera of human patients with echniococcosis. However, none of these sera has complete or incomplete agglutinating anti-P1 antibodies. The immunochemical analysis shows that P1 determinants reactive with anti-P1 sera, and antigenic determinants reactive with human precipitating antibodies are on the same macromolecule. Patients with cyst pulmonary localization show a higher reactivity as compared with those with hepatic localization. The immunodominant group involved in the precipitin reaction appears to be an α-galactosyl residue.
In Vitro Study of Antiviral Activity of Immune Spleen Cells in Experimental Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Infection in Mice
Authors: Rabinowitz Stanley G. , Proctor Richard A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
VEE-immune spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice exert a potent inhibitory effect on VEE viral growth in vitro when co-cultivated with infected L cell cultures. This inhibitory effect is both immunologically specific and dependent on time of spleen cell harvest after donor immunization with attenuated VEE virus. Neither interferon nor neutralizing antibody appear to be responsible for this specific antiviral activity. Studies with purified spleen or peritoneal cell populations demonstrate that only immune macrophages alone, or the combination of immune lymphocytes with normal macrophages, are active in inhibiting VEE-virus growth in cell culture. Finally, treatment of VEE-immune spleen cells with cytotoxic antisera directed at eliminating T cells removes the inhibitory effect on VEE replication in cell culture. Hence a two-cell system involving immunocompetent T cells and activated macrophages is proposed for the inhibition of VEE viral growth.
Biosynthesis of the Second and Fourth Components of Complement: Inhibition in Vitro by Chemical Carcinogens
Authors: Colten Harvey R. , Borsos Tibor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Several chemical carcinogens and non-carcinogenic analogues were tested in vitro for their capacity to affect the biosynthesis of the second (C2) and fourth (C4) components of complement. Of the compounds tested, 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide, effective at 10-7 M, was the most potent inhibitor of C2 and C4 biosynthesis. Propriolactone and two nitroso-compounds also inhibited C2 and C4 synthesis, whereas their non-carcinogenic analogues had no effect. These findings suggest that some carcinogens interfere with at least one normal function of the immune system.
The Production of Interferon by Malignant Plasma Cells from Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Epstein Lois B. , Salmon Sydney E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To help define the types of immunocytes capable of producing interferon, bone marrow cultures from patients with multiple myeloma were studied. Such cultures contained large numbers of plasma cells, the end stage in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived or B lymphocytes. Quantitative studies of in vitro interferon and immunoglobulin synthesis rates were performed. The results were as follows: a) Interferon was detected within 24 hr in supernatant fluids of cultures from 10 of 12 patients with myeloma studied. These included six patients with IgG myeloma, two with IgA myeloma, one Amyloid myeloma, and one κ light chain myeloma. b) The amount of interferon produced was unrelated to the immunoglobulin synthesis rate, total body tumor cell number, sensitivity of the tumor to chemotherapy, or the clinical status of the patient. c) The plasma cell origin of such interferon was demonstrated by a study in which enrichment of the myeloma cells by gradient techniques resulted in increased interferon production. No interferon was detected in cultures in which there were low or no plasma cells, i.e., those prepared from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with myeloma, or bone marrow from normal individuals. Interferon synthesis was not detected from bone marrow cells from two patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
Failure to Induce Tolerance to 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene Contact Sensitivity with a 2,4-Dinitrophenyl (DNP) Conjugate of a Copolymer of D-Glutamic Acid and D-Lysine, a Specific Tolerogen for DNP B Cells
Authors: Benacerraf Baruj , Katz David H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the ability of the non-metabolizable tolerogen, 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-d-glutamic acid-d-lysine (D-GL) to induce tolerance in normal and sensitized guinea pigs to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) contact sensitivity. The data show that treatment with DNP-D-GL, which very efficiently suppresses anti-DNP antibody responses in virgin and primed guinea pigs, does not affect the ability of these animals to develop and to display contact sensitivity to DNCB. These observations confirm the suggestions from earlier studies that important operational differences exist in the induction of tolerance in thymus derived and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes “presumed” to be concerned with the same DNP specificity.
The Purification of Detergent-Solubilized HL-A Antigens by Affinity Chromatography with the Hemagglutinin from Lens Culinaris
Authors: Dawson Jeffrey R. , Silver Jonathan , Sheppard Laura B. , Amos D. Bernard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The hemagglutinin from Lens culinaris (LcH) when covalently bound to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B is capable of binding 75 to 80% of the HL-A serologic activity solubilized from tissue culture cells with sodium deoxycholate (DOC). Serologically specific HL-A antigens may be recovered in highly purified form by elution of the bound antigens from LcH-Sepharose columns with buffer containing α-methylglucopyranose. In some experiments up to 25% of the serologic activity is not bound to the LcH-Sepharose columns and is also not bound when reapplied to freshly prepared or re-equilibrated LcH-Sepharose columns. This finding indicates that there may be an additional form of the HL-A antigen which lacks carbohydrate or contains a carbohydrate moiety not bound by LcH.
Aggregation and Release Reaction Induced in Human Blood Platelets by Zymosan
Authors: Zucker Marjorie B. , Grant Robert A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
When citrated platelet-rich plasma was shaken with zymosan particles, platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin release occurred within 15 min. The platelet response occurred much more rapidly if the zymosan was first incubated with heparinized or citrated plasma for 20 to 30 min. After such incubation, the activity was on the zymosan; the plasma had no effect on platelets and could not generate further activity when incubated with fresh zymosan. Plasma was not necessary for the reaction between washed active zymosan and platelets. However, albumin enhanced the response. The usual ratio of zymosan to platelets was 1:20, and mixed aggregates formed after a delay of a minute or more. ADP, ATP, and heparin neutralizing activity were released from the platelets but beta glucuronidase and lactic dehydrogenase were not. Aggregation and release were inhibited by aspirin or by enzymes which remove ADP, and did not occur with thrombasthenic platelets. The reaction between zymosan and plasma required magnesium ions, and failed to occur in plasma incubated with cobra venom factor or hydrazine or heated to 50°C for 30 min. A mixture of hydrazine-treated and heated plasma generated activity on zymosan as did plasma from a patient with congenital C6 deficiency. Serum was much less effective than plasma in generating activity on zymosan unless fibrinogen was added or more than 15 µg/ml of residual fibrinogenfibrin-related antigen was present. This antigen was detected on zymosan prepared from citrated plasma but not on that prepared from serum or EDTA plasma. Thus the release-promoting activity of zymosan particles depends on their exposure to both the properdin (complement-bypass) mechanism and to fibrinogen.