bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicare Advantage Enrollment Among Beneficiaries With End-Stage Renal Disease in the First Year of the 21st Century Cures Act
Authors: Nguyen Kevin H. , Oh Eunhae G. , Meyers David J. , Kim Daeho , Mehrotra Rajnish , Trivedi Amal N. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceBefore 2021, most Medicare beneficiaries with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were unable to enroll in private Medicare Advantage (MA) plans. The 21st Century Cures Act permitted these beneficiaries to enroll in MA plans effective January 2021.ObjectiveTo examine changes in MA enrollment among Medicare beneficiaries with ESRD after enactment of the 21st Century Cures Act overall and by race or ethnicity and dual-eligible status.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional time-trend study used data from Medicare beneficiaries with ESRD (both kidney transplant recipients and those undergoing dialysis) between January 2019 and December 2021. Data were analyzed between June and October 2022.Exposures21st Century Cures Act.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were the proportion of Medicare beneficiaries with prevalent ESRD who switched from traditional Medicare to MA between 2020 and 2021 and those with incident ESRD who newly enrolled in MA in 2021. Individuals who stayed in traditional Medicare were enrolled in 2020 and 2021 and those who switched to MA were enrolled in traditional Medicare in 2020 and MA in 2021.ResultsAmong 575 797 beneficiaries with ESRD in 2020 or 2021 (mean [SD] age, 64.7 [14.2] years, 42.2% female, 34.0% Black, and 7.7% Hispanic or Latino), the proportion of beneficiaries enrolled in MA increased from 24.8% (December 2020) to 37.4% (December 2021), a relative change of 50.8%. The largest relative increases in MA enrollment were among Black (72.8% relative increase), Hispanic (44.8%), and dual-eligible beneficiaries with ESRD (73.6%). Among 359 617 beneficiaries with TM and prevalent ESRD in 2020, 17.6% switched to MA in 2021. Compared with individuals who stayed in traditional Medicare, those who switched to MA had modestly more chronic conditions (6.3 vs 6.1; difference, 0.12 conditions [95% CI, 0.10-0.16]) and similar nondrug spending in 2020 (difference, $509 [95% CI, −$58 to $1075]) but were more likely to be Black (difference, 19.5 percentage points [95% CI, 19.1-19.9]) and have dual Medicare-Medicaid eligibility (difference, 20.8 percentage points [95% CI, 20.4-21.2]). Among beneficiaries who were newly eligible for Medicare ESRD benefits in 2021, 35.2% enrolled in MA.Conclusions and RelevanceResults suggest that increases in MA enrollment among Medicare beneficiaries with ESRD were substantial the first year after the 21st Century Cures Act, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and dual-eligible individuals. Policy makers and MA plans may need to assess network adequacy, disenrollment, and equity of care for beneficiaries who enrolled in MA.
Ascent adaptive energy management method for solid rocket‐powered hypersonic vehicle under uncertainties
Authors: Fu Wenzhe , Liu Lei , Wang Bo , Cheng Zhongtao , Wang Yongji 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe solid rocket booster is widely used in the launch mission for hypersonic vehicles nowadays, whose ascent energy management is still a challenging problem due to the inherent dynamic nonlinearity. This paper casts the problem into an equivalent ascent guidance one and proposes a model predictive static programming (MPSP) based solution. The MPSP‐based method is a computationally efficient solver that adapts to different energy demands while guaranteeing the satisfaction of terminal constraints. To further improve the performance of MPSP in this problem, a Bézier spline guidance method is proposed to generate high‐quality reference trajectories such that the MPSP can converge with high accuracy while satisfying the real‐time requirement. Additionally, an online parameter estimation based on the extended Kalman filter is employed to avoid large terminal state deviations incurred by parametric uncertainties during the Bézier curve computation and linearization in MPSP. Numerical simulations with different hard terminal constraints and uncertainties are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can guide the hypersonic vehicle to a given terminal state under uncertainties and outperforms several existing ascent energy management methods.
A General Method for the Large‐Scale Preparation of Multifunctional Magnetic Sm‐Fe/Co Nanomaterials
Authors: Ma Zhenhui , Liu Hu , Luo Zhikun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA general method is reported to prepare single crystal Sm‐Fe/Co nanoparticles (NPs) on a tens of grams scale without Ca‐reduction process. The preparation starts with the fabrication of size‐controllable SmH2 NPs via evaporation‐condensation route, and then Co NPs produced from solvothermal approach are assembled with SmH2 to form SmH2/Co nanocomposites, which are directly annealed at 700 °C for 1.5 h, yielding 160 ± 15 nm SmCo5 single crystal NPs. Compared with conventional Ca‐reduction process, the method allows more low annealing temperature, and avoids the employment of Ca and the corresponding water washing process, leading to the stable SmCo5 NPs without obvious oxidation. The SmCo5 NPs show a large coercivity of 35.4 kOe and high saturated magnetic moment of 86.2 emu g−1. Furthermore, the method is extended to synthesize Sm2Fe17 NPs, which exhibits good electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of −45.2 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth of 5.61 GHz (9.22–14.83 GHz) at 1.2 mm. More importantly, the method is very suitable to large‐scale synthesis. One synthesis can generate ≈ 42.25 g of SmCo5 or 43.30 g of Sm2Fe17 NPs, which demonstrates a promising novel strategy to scale up preparation of RE‐Co/Fe NPs for multifunction magnetic applications.
Silk Fibroin and Sericin Differentially Potentiate the Paracrine and Regenerative Functions of Stem Cells Through Multiomics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Sheng Renwang , Chen Jialin , Wang Hongmei , Zhu Yue , Cao Zhicheng , Zhao Xinyi , Wang Zhimei , Liu Chuanquan , Chen Zhixuan , Zhang Po , Kuang Baian , Zheng Haotian , Shen Chuanlai , Yao Qingqiang , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF) and sericin (SS), the two major proteins of silk, are attractive biomaterials with great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their biochemical interactions with stem cells remain unclear. In this study, multiomics are employed to obtain a global view of the cellular processes and pathways of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) triggered by SF and SS to discern cell–biomaterial interactions at an in‐depth, high‐throughput molecular level. Integrated RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis confirm that SF and SS initiate widespread but distinct cellular responses and potentiate the paracrine functions of MSCs that regulate extracellular matrix deposition, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation through differentially activating the integrin/PI3K/Akt and glycolysis signaling pathways. These paracrine signals of MSCs stimulated by SF and SS effectively improve skin regeneration by regulating the behavior of multiple resident cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages) in the skin wound microenvironment. Compared to SS, SF exhibits better immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, indicating its greater potential as a carrier material of MSCs for skin regeneration. This study provides comprehensive and reliable insights into the cellular interactions with SF and SS, enabling the future development of silk‐based therapeutics for tissue engineering and stem cell therapy.
Coordination Chemistry of Large‐Sized Yttrium Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ji Bifa , Gou Jiali , Zheng Yongping , Pu Xiuhao , Wang Yehai , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Tang Yongbing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough being transition metals, the Fenton‐inactive group 3–4 elements (Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, and Hf) can easily lose all the outermost s and d electrons, leaving behind ionic sites with nearly empty outermost orbitals that are stable but inactive for oxygen involved catalysis. Here, it is demonstrated that the dynamic coordination network can turn these commonly inactive ionic sites into platinum‐like catalytic centers for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Using density functional theory calculations, a macrocyclic ligand coordinated yttrium single‐atom (YN4) moiety is identified, which is originally ORR inactive because of the too strong binding of hydroxyl intermediate, while it can be activated by an axial ligand X through the covalency competition between YX and YOH bonds. Strikingly, it is also found that the binding force of the axially coordinated ligand is an effective descriptor, and the chlorine ligand is screened out with an optimal binding force that behaves self‐adaptively to facilitate each ORR intermediate steps by dynamically changing its YCl covalency. These experiments validate that the as‐designed YN4‐Cl moieties embedded within the carbon framework exhibit a high half‐wave potential (E1/2 = 0.85 V) in alkaline media, the same as that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst .
Thermally Latent Bases in Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks and their Emerging Applications
Authors: Reisinger David , Kriehuber Matthias Udo , Bender Marcel , Bautista‐Anguís Daniel , Rieger Bernhard , Schlögl Sandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel strategy allowing temporal control of dynamic bond exchange in covalently crosslinked polymer networks via latent transesterification catalysts is introduced. Obtained by a straightforward air‐ and water‐tolerant synthesis, the latent catalyst is designed for an irreversible temperature‐mediated release of a strong organic base. Its long‐term inactivity at temperatures below 50 °C provides the unique opportunity to equip dynamic covalent networks with creep resistance and high bond‐exchange rates, once activated. The presented thermally latent base catalyst is conveniently introducible in readily available building blocks and, as proof of concept, applied in a radically polymerized thiol–ene network. Light‐mediated curing is used for 3D‐printing functional objects, on which the possibility of spatially controlled reshaping and welding based on dynamic transesterification is illustrated. Since the catalyst is thermally activated, limitations regarding sample geometry and optical transparency do not apply, which facilitates a transfer to well‐established industrial technologies. Consequently, fiber‐reinforced and highly filled magneto‐active thiol–ene polymer composites are fabricated by a thermal curing approach. The on‐demand activation of dynamic transesterification is demonstrated by (magneto‐assisted) reshaping experiments, highlighting a wide range of potential future applications offered by the presented concept.
Highlighting the Rich Chemistry of the Allenone Moiety
Authors: Alonso José M. , Almendros Pedro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConjugated and non‐conjugated allenones appear as recurring motifs in organic synthesis, natural products and mechanistic investigations showing unique properties and applications. The ability of allenones to build cycles has provided a direct access to strained systems, medium‐sized rings, arenes, heterocycles and complex polycycles. In addition, allenones have served as models in mechanistic investigations and catalysis. The critic compilation herein presented will provide an exhaustive overview of the synthetic possibilities allenones may offer, which certainly will inspire our community in their search of more efficient synthetic methodologies, preparation of biological and pharmaceutical targets, and improve our knowledge in theoretical organic chemistry. Great part of this review will discuss synthetic aspects, catalysis innovation and mechanistic insights of the chemical transformations implying the allenone motif. In addition, many examples on total synthesis and pharmacologically active compounds will be described. We hope that this overview will be attractive to the organic chemistry, synthetic chemistry, catalysis, theoretical chemistry, natural products and medicinal chemistry communities.magnified image
Ohio grain crop response to sulfur fertilization
Authors: Fleuridor Louceline , Fulford Anthony , Lindsey Laura E. , Lentz Ed , Watters Harold , Dorrance Anne , Minyo Richard , Richer Erich , Chaganti Vijayasatya , Subburayalu Sakthi , Culman Steven W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContinuous declines in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition along with increased S removal rates with crop harvest has the potential to lead to S deficiency in Ohio field crops. As a result, S fertilization has become more common over the past decade. However, the extent of S deficiency is unknown, as inherent soil properties and management practices influence S availability and uptake. We conducted 96 replicated trials, from 2013 to 2021 to (1) examine the response of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to S application on a wide range of Ohio soils and differing management practices and (2) determine the ability of Mehlich‐3 extractable S in soil, leaf S, and grain S concentrations to predict grain yield response to S fertilizer. Our results showed limited grain yield increases to S fertilization with an overall response rate of 7.3% (4 of 50 corn trials, 3 of 34 soybean trials, and 0 of 12 wheat trials). Sulfur fertilization increased leaf and grain S concentrations by 19.4% and 12% in corn, by 22.2% and 7.7% in soybean, and by 41.7% and 0% in wheat, respectively. These increases in leaf or grain S concentrations were not directly related to yield responses. Diagnostic tools of Mehlich‐3 soil S, leaf S, and grain S concentrations failed to predict yield response to S. We conclude that S deficiency is not widespread in Ohio soils and that optimizing grain crop production does not currently require S fertilization.
A High‐Performance n‐Type Thermoelectric Polymer from C−H/C−H Oxidative Direct Arylation Polycondensation
Authors: Shi Yibo , Zhang Xuwen , Du Tian , Han Yang , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou 
Published: March 2023

Abstractn‐Type conjugated polymers (CPs) are crucial in the applications of organic electronics. Direct coupling of electron‐deficient C−H monomer via selective C−H activation, namely C−H/C−H oxidative direct arylation polycondensation (Oxi‐DArP), is an ideal approach toward such CPs. Herein, Oxi‐DArP is firstly adopted to synthesize a high‐performance n‐type CP using a newly developed monomer, i.e., 3,6‐di(thiazol‐5‐yl)‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (Tz‐5‐DPP). Tz‐5‐DPP based homopolymer PTz‐5‐DPP with a molecular weight of 22 kDa has been synthesized via Oxi‐DArP. After n‐doping, PTz‐5‐DPP films exhibited electric conductivity values up to 8 S cm−1 and power factors (PFs) up to 106 μW m−1 K−2. Notably, this PF value is the highest for n‐type polymer thermoelectric materials to date. The Oxi‐DArP synthesis and the excellent n‐type performance of the polymer make this work an important step toward the straightforward and sustainable preparation of high‐performance n‐type polymer semiconductors.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Orthorhombic Sn3O4 Polymorph
Authors: Liu Yang‐Shin , Yamaguchi Akira , Yang Yue , Aisnada An Niza El , Uchida Sho , Abe Hideki , Ueda Shigenori , Yamaguchi Kenji , Tanabe Toyokazu , Miyauchi Masahiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn unexplored tin oxide crystal phase (Sn3O4) was experimentally synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. After tuning the often‐neglected parameters for the hydrothermal synthesis, namely the degree of filling of the precursor solution and the gas composition in the reactor head space, an unreported X‐ray diffraction pattern was discovered. Through various characterization studies, such as Rietveld analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and first‐principles calculations, this novel material was characterized as orthorhombic mixed‐valence tin oxide with the composition SnII2SnIVO4. This orthorhombic tin oxide is a new polymorph of Sn3O4, which differs from the reported conventional monoclinic structure. Computational and experimental analyses showed that orthorhombic Sn3O4 has a smaller band gap (2.0 eV), enabling greater absorption of visible light. This study is expected to improve the accuracy of hydrothermal synthesis and aid the discovery of new oxide materials.
Protein‐based Nanoparticles: From Drug Delivery to Imaging, Nanocatalysis and Protein Therapy
Authors: Kaltbeitzel Jonas , Wich Peter R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProteins and enzymes are versatile biomaterials for a wide range of medical applications due to their high specificity for receptors and substrates, high degradability, low toxicity, and overall good biocompatibility. Protein nanoparticles are formed by the arrangement of several native or modified proteins into nanometer‐sized assemblies. In this review, we will focus on artificial nanoparticle systems, where proteins are the main structural element and not just an encapsulated payload. While under natural conditions, only certain proteins form defined aggregates and nanoparticles, chemical modifications or a change in the physical environment can further extend the pool of available building blocks. This allows the assembly of many globular proteins and even enzymes. These advances in preparation methods led to the emergence of new generations of nanosystems that extend beyond transport vehicles to diverse applications, from multifunctional drug delivery to imaging, nanocatalysis and protein therapy.
Structure and Bonding in Amorphous Red Phosphorus**
Authors: Zhou Yuxing , Elliott Stephen R. , Deringer Volker L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmorphous red phosphorus (a‐P) is one of the remaining puzzling cases in the structural chemistry of the elements. Here, we elucidate the structure, stability, and chemical bonding in a‐P from first principles, combining machine‐learning and density‐functional theory (DFT) methods. We show that a‐P structures exist with a range of energies slightly higher than those of phosphorus nanorods, to which they are closely related, and that the stability of a‐P is linked to the degree of structural relaxation and medium‐range order. We thus complete the stability range of phosphorus allotropes [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 11629] by now including the previously poorly understood amorphous phase, and we quantify the covalent and van der Waals interactions in all main phases of phosphorus. We also study the electronic densities of states, including those of hydrogenated a‐P. Beyond the present study, our structural models are expected to enable wider‐ranging first‐principles investigations—for example, of a‐P‐based battery materials.
A Sustainable Wood‐Based Iron Photocatalyst for Multiple Uses with Sunlight: Water Treatment and Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Guo Xiaolin , Zhao Xinpeng , Luo Xiongfei , Pang Yulian , Tian Bing , Liu Shouxin , Li Shujun , Li Jian , Strehmel Bernd , Chen Zhijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA sustainable photocatalyst for use with multiple purpose comprising demethylated lignin (Fe3O4@D‐wood) was made by treatment of wood and iron oxide. Characterization followed by XRD, UV/Vis, photo‐current studies, and electrochemical measurements. This material became subject of photocatalytic explorations for water treatment and material synthesis by radical photopolymerization. Exposure ofFe3O4@D‐woodwith artificial sunlight showed an improved activity considering photochemical oxidation of organic pollutants in the presence of H2O2. The efficient generation of reactive radicals brought this system also to photopolymerization. Here, radicals based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the catalytic cycle can be seen as the dominating species to initiate radical polymerization. A mixture ofUDMAandTPGDAshowed good reactivity with cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Photocatalyst used for water treatment facilitates reuse for photopolymerization.
Investigation of recycling effects on the mechanical properties of short carbon and glass fiber reinforced polyetherimide composites
Authors: Hu Jin‐Ming , Zhou Zhi‐Mao , Guo Fang‐Liang , Sun Zheng , Zhang Li , Wang Zi‐Ming , Yin Peng‐Gang , Li Yuan‐Qing , Fu Shao‐Yun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConsidering the increasing composite waste accumulation, this work explores the feasibility of replacing virginal carbon fibers (VCFs) and virginal glass fibers (VGFs) with recycled fibers for injection molded polyetherimide (PEI) composites. Extensive characterizations were conducted to reveal effects of sulfuric acid recycling process on mechanical properties of fibers and their composites. It was shown that strength retention rates of recycled carbon fibers (RCFs) and recycled glass fibers (RGFs) were 81.6% and 55.7%. The reinforcing factor of RCFs increased from 0.120 of VCFs to 0.147 due to the enhanced interfacial bonding while the reinforcing factor of RGFs decreased from 0.080 of VGFs to 0.065 owing to the glass fiber strength reduction. As a result, the composite tensile strength (152.8 MPa) of RCF/PEI was comparable to that (155.3 MPa) of VCF/ PEI and RGF/PEI tensile strength (102.5 MPa) was lower than that (112.3 MPa) of VGF/PEI. Moreover, the tensile modulus of RCF/PEI and RGF/PEI were also approximatively comparable to those of VCF/PEI and VGF/PEI since recycling process showed a slight effect on fiber modulus. Although there exists an impact of recycling on fiber mechanical properties, the introduction of recycled fibers (especially RCFs) by injection molding process can promisingly enhance PEI composites.
Introducing sorghum DREB2 gene in maize (Zea mays L.) to improve drought and salinity tolerance
Authors: Izadi‐Darbandi Ali , Alameldin Hussien , Namjoo Nima , Ahmad Khalil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSalinity and drought are significant abiotic stresses causing a considerable loss of seed and biomass yield in most commercial crops. Some of the most critical players in the abscisic acid pathway are drought responsive element binding (DREB) proteins that are a part of AP2/ethylene response factor transcription factors that bind to promoters of some family genes needed to be expressed under abiotic stresses. In this study, salt‐ and drought‐tolerant maize plants were produced from immature maize embryos bombarded by the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) DREB2 gene that is linked to hygromycin resistance (hpt) genes. The putative transgenic calli were transferred to an N6 medium containing 1 mg/L benzylaminopurine and 50 mg/L hygromycin. Regeneration was completed after 4 weeks on selective media under a 16/8 h light/dark condition at 25°C. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription‐PCR approved the existence of upstream promoter (rd29a), hpt gene, and the expression of the DREB2 in transgenes up to the third generation (T2). It was found that the K+/Na+ ratio and the amount of proline as a screening indicator were higher in transgenic plants compared to their wild types. This result is a promising model to enhance maize tolerance to abiotic stressors.