bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational interviews in Negev Arabic
Authors: Henkin Roni 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Communication strategies used for conversational repair in Negev Arabic are examined here in a 170,000-word corpus
of intergenerational interviews, with university students interviewing their relatives, over age 55, in the Bedouin community in
the Negev, southern Israel. Since the traditional language and narrative style of the elderly are largely unfamiliar to the young
generation in terms of lexicon, discourse structure and cultural norms, progressivity was often interrupted for purpose of repair.
Other-initiated self-repair sequences were particularly frequent: the student asks a metalinguistic or referent-tracking question,
or inquires about past customs, and the interviewee explains; additional turns may contain candidate understanding moves and
confirmation, before resuming progressivity of the narrative sequence. Gaps were sometimes mediated by a middle-generation
‘broker’ interlocutor. Conversational repair was found to be frequent in facilitating both intelligibility and comprehensibility
in these intergenerational conversations.
UV/blue/green converted efficient red-NIR photoluminescence in Cr incorporated MgAl2O4 nanocrystals: Site selective emission tailored through cation inversion and intrinsic defects
Authors: Savita  , Vashishtha Pargam , Gupta Govind , Vij Ankush , Thakur Anup 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The UV/visible activated near-infrared (NIR) phosphors have many applications in solid state lighting, night vision devices and bio-imaging. The early research reported the red-NIR emitting phosphors doped with Cr3+ centers upon visible light excitation. Here, in this work the intense red-NIR emission and color tuning is achieved for broad excitation range (UV/blue/green) through Cr dopant induced defect centers and cation inversion in Mg

1
−
x

Cr

x

Al2O4 (

x

= 0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 mol%) nanocrystals. The Cr3+ doped MgAl2O4 nanocrystals were synthesized by combustion method through stoichiometric substitution of Mg by Cr, while most of the Cr3+ ions occupied the octahedral sites of spinel host with the formation of antisite defects, Cr3+ clusters, magnesium and oxygen vacancies. These defect centers were probed through Rietveld refinement, photoluminescence (PL), x-ray photoelectron and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra analyses. At UV excitation, the intrinsic defects played an interesting role in exhibiting the blue-violet emission attributed to host lattice defects and red-NIR emission attributed to strong/weak ligand field octahedral Cr3+ sites, via charge transfer to Cr3+ ions. The PL spectra evinced the enhanced red-NIR emission intensity upon 266 nm excitation than upon blue and green light excitation. Further, the weak ligand field site emission is found to be dominating with increase in doping concentration. Thus, Cr doped MgAl2O4 nanocrystals showed their potency of exhibiting the intense red-NIR emission and color tuning (from red purple to bluish purple and then to red color) upon UV/blue/green excitation.
Force and stability mechanism analysis of two types of nonlinear mono-stable and multi-stable piezoelectric energy harvesters using cantilever structure and magnetic interaction
Authors: Sun Shuailing , Leng Yonggang , Hur Sunghoon , Sun Fei , Chen Xiaoyu , Song Hyun-Cheol , Kang Chong-Yun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear mono-stable and multi-stable piezoelectric energy harvesters have attracted a lot of attention owing to their broadband frequency spectra and excellent energy harvesting performance. Herein, two types of nonlinear mono-stable, bi-stable, tri-stable, and quad-stable piezoelectric energy harvesters using cantilever structure and magnetic interaction are compared and analyzed. Based on the magnetizing current method, the magnetic force equations are obtained. Calculation results demonstrate that the stability of these harvesters is dependent on the equivalent linear elastic force and the vertical magnetic force. The equilibrium point occurs when the equivalent linear elastic force equals to the vertical magnetic force. The relationship between the number of stable equilibrium points E
S and the number of the intersections of the two force curves N
I is that E
S= (N
I + 1)/2. Experiments are carried out to verify the equivalent linear elastic force, vertical magnetic force, and the number of stable equilibrium points of the fabricated prototypes. The experimental results are consistent with the calculated results, which verifies the correctness of the stability mechanism. Moreover, it is found that the stability mechanism is also applicable to the harvesters with more stable equilibrium points, such as penta-stable and hexa-stable harvesters. This work reveals the stability mechanism of nonlinear mono-stable and multi-stable energy harvesters using cantilever structure and magnetic interaction, and provides technical methods for the design of multi-stable energy harvesters.
Effects of static magnetic field, driving laser strength and polarization on the coherent properties of a microwave mediated four-level tripod-type atomic system
Authors: Das Aparajita , Hossain Md Mabud 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this theoretical work, we study the optical behaviour of a microwave driven four-level tripod-type atomic system, configured by Zeeman sub-levels in D
1 line of 87
Rb atom. The non-optical microwave field (L) reasonably assists the optical pumping by a linearly polarized (π) laser field (P1) and a right-handed circularly polarized (σ
+) laser field (P2), in presence as well as absence of a static magnetic field (MF). The optical responses of the system to the left-handed circularly polarized (σ
−) optical probe laser field (Pr) under three specific P1-P2 strength conditions depict substantial variations in the Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened absorption peaks, accompanied with single EIT or double EIT windows. The origin of Doppler-free Pr absorption peaks are explained by analyzing the resonant poles for the scanning Pr which attribute to the decaying-dressed-states. Perceptible changes of resonant pole positions on the complex planes of the poles w. r. t. the applied MF and L signify that one can externally alter the optical responses of the medium. The related Pr dispersion and its controllability are discussed as well. It is found that the interaction length of the Doppler-free medium has a prominent effect on the Pr absorption and transmission when both MF and L are present in the medium. Furthermore, we have shown the modifications in the Doppler-free Pr absorption profiles in presence of MF and L by considering P2 as an elliptically polarized laser field. Interestingly, Pr absorption turns into Pr gain at suitable polarization rotation angles of the elliptically polarized P2 field for different P1-P2 strength ratios.
Optimization of phase prediction for brain-state dependent stimulation: a grid-search approach
Authors: Bigoni Claudia , Cadic-Melchior Andéol , Morishita Takuya , Hummel Friedhelm C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Sources of heterogeneity in non-invasive brain stimulation literature can be numerous, with underlying brain states and protocol differences at the top of the list. Yet, incoherent results from brain-state-dependent stimulation experiments suggest that there are further factors adding to the variance. Hypothesizing that different signal processing pipelines might be partly responsible for heterogeneity; we investigated their effects on brain-state forecasting approaches. Approach. A grid-search was used to determine the fastest and most-accurate combination of preprocessing parameters and phase-forecasting algorithms. The grid-search was applied on a synthetic dataset and validated on electroencephalographic (EEG) data from a healthy (n = 18) and stroke (n = 31) cohort. Main results. Differences in processing pipelines led to different results; the grid-search chosen pipelines significantly increased the accuracy of published forecasting methods. The accuracy achieved in healthy was comparably high in stroke patients. Significance. This systematic offline analysis highlights the importance of the specific EEG processing and forecasting pipelines used for online state-dependent setups where precision in phase prediction is critical. Moreover, successful results in the stroke cohort pave the way to test state-dependent interventional treatment approaches.
Design optimization of backscatter X-ray security scanner based on pencil-beam scanning
Authors: An G. , Park J. , Seo H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
At national borders and high-security facilities, security screening is conducted to block the entrance of illicit goods such as weapons, explosives, and drugs. In the Republic of Korea, the Korea Customs Service currently conducts transmission X-ray security screening using fixed energy. However, the detection efficiency of this system for drugs or explosives composed of organic substances is rather low. Alternatively, the backscatter X-ray detection system is sensitive to materials of low atomic number; therefore, it can play an essential, complementary role in security screening. In the present study, the design of a pencil-beam-based backscatter X-ray security scanner was optimized and, subsequently, its performance was evaluated under various conditions using the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique. As for the X-ray generator, we optimized the tube voltage and the geometry of the chopper wheel collimator. Detector parameters including length, distance between detectors, and thickness also were optimized for detection efficiency. Finally, the performance of the optimized system was evaluated for various object conditions and postal phantoms.
An analytical model for fluorescent and scattering X-ray beam monitor designing
Authors: Sacchetti E. , Desjardins K. , Medjoubi K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
All the beamlines at modern synchrotron facilities are equipped with X-ray Beam Intensity or Position Monitors. Among those monitors, a relatively simple device is aiming at measuring the X-ray fluorescence and the X-ray scattering (elastic and inelastic) signal emitted from a thin foil with a punctual detector, a combination of several punctual detectors or a 2D detector. To improve the design of this kind of monitor, an analytical simulation has been developed to estimate the recording signal intensity according to the foil, the detector and the beam parameters. The mains X-ray interaction with matter processes involved in these monitors are simulated and several parameters of the incident X-ray beam are taken into account such as its intensity, energy, size and polarization. Furthermore, in contrast to the complex and time-consuming Monte-Carlo method, this analytical simulation is performed in few seconds and is implemented in a user-friendly interface. In order to validate our tool, the simulated results were compared to a series of measurements performed on the METROLOGIE beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron. The differences with the experimental results are less than 30% by using a metallic foil and less than 50% with a Kapton® foil. The performances of our tool in term of accuracy, computation time and ease of use are perfectly adapted for the design of X-ray monitors based on an X-ray fluorescence and scattering foil.
TDC with uncontrolled delay lines: calibration approaches and precision improvement methods
Authors: Zhang W. , Edwards C. , Gong D. , Huang X. , Liu C. , Liu T. , Liu T. , Olsen J. , Sun H. , Sun Q. , Wu J. , Ye J. , Zhang L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The time-to-digital-converter (TDC) using uncontrolled delay lines has a simple structure and finer measurement precision since the delay cells are pure digital gates that operate at maximum speed. For every incoming hit, two “snapshots” of the delay line are taken by the register array with two strobes separated with a known time interval. With two measurements, propagation delays of each cell in the delay line can be calibrated for the operating temperature and voltage. The two measurements can also be averaged to improve the TDC measurement precision. We will discuss various calibration approaches and present test results in this work.
Influence of high-frequency magnetic fields on the noise behavior of CMS 2S module prototypes
Authors: Dziwok C. , Feld L. , Klein K. , Lipinski M. , Pauls A. , Pooth O. , Röwert N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For the CMS tracker Phase-2 upgrade new modules with silicon strip sensors are being developed.Each module features a Service Hybrid (SEH), which is responsible for the distribution of low voltages to the module components using a two-stage DC-DC conversion scheme.For modules equipped with the latest generation of SEHs an increase in module noise has been observed.A setup for inducing radiative noise with external magnetic fields that are frequency- and location-dependent is presented.Measurements carried out on modules from different prototyping phases show that the sensitivity is similar across generations, which indicates that radiative coupling into the sensor or readout electronics is not responsible for the observed noise increase.
A novel wave-like crawling robot has excellent swimming capabilities
Authors: Guetta Omer , Shachaf Dan , Katz Rotem , Zarrouk David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Multiple animals ranging from micro-meter scale bacteria to meter scale vertebrates rely on undulatory motion to propel themselves on land and in the water. This type of locomotion also appears in amphibious animals such as sea snakes and salamanders. While undulatory motion can be used for both crawling and swimming, it requires the coordination of multiple joints so that only a few robots have the ability to mimic this motion. Here, we report a new minimalistic method for both crawling and swimming based on producing a wave motion in the sagittal (vertical) plane. A robotic prototype AmphiSAW was developed to demonstrate this methodology in a variety of scenarios. AmphiSAW (using its wave mechanism only) crawled at 1.5 B s−1 and swam at 0.74 B s−1. The robot can be fitted with legs or wheels at the front, which can further increase its performance especially when crawling on uneven terrains. In addition to its high speeds, the robot has the lowest cost of transport among all amphibious robots reported in literature.
Labor markets: A critical link between global-local shocks and their impact on agriculture
Authors: Ray Srabashi , Haqiqi Iman , Hill Alexandra E , Taylor J Edward , Hertel Thomas W 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLabor markets can shape the impacts of global market developments and local sustainability policies on agricultural outcomes, including changes in production and land use. Yet local labor market outcomes, including agricultural employment, migration and wages, are often overlooked in integrated assessment models (IAMs). The relevance of labor markets has become more important in recent decades, with evidence of diminished labor mobility in the United States (US) and other developed countries. We use the SIMPLE-G (Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land use, and the Environment) modeling framework to investigate the impacts of a global commodity price shock and a local sustainable groundwater use policy in the US. SIMPLE-G is a multi-scale framework designed to allow for integration of economic and biophysical determinants of sustainability, using fine-scale geospatial data and parameters. We use this framework to compare the impacts of the two sets of shocks under two contrasting assumptions: perfect mobility of agricultural labor, as generally implicit in global IAMs, and relatively inelastic labor mobility (‘sticky’ agricultural labor supply response). We supplement the numerical simulations with analytical results from a stylized two-input model to provide further insights into the impacts of local and global shocks on agricultural labor, crop production and resource use. Findings illustrate the key role that labor mobility plays in shaping both local and global agricultural and environmental outcomes. In the perfect labor mobility scenario, the impact of a commodity price boom on crop production, employment and land-use is overestimated compared with the restricted labor mobility case. In the case of the groundwater sustainability policy, the perfect labor mobility scenario overestimates the reduction in crop production and employment in directly targeted grids as well as spillover effects that increase employment in other grids. For both shocks, impacts on agricultural wages are completely overlooked if we ignore rigidities in agricultural labor markets.
Counterdiabatic driving for pseudo- and antipseudo- Hermitian systems
Authors: Song Y H , Wang Xin , Liu H D , Yi X X 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study the counterdiabatic (CD) driving scheme and population transfer in pseudo- and antipseudo-Hermitian systems. By discussing the adiabatic condition for non-Hermitian system and the relation between the adiabatic evolution and the real energy spectrum, we derive the CD driving scheme for pseudo- and antipseudo-Hermitian systems. Based on these, we derive the condition that an eigenstate of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is self-normalized to guarantee the normalized populations of the bare states in non-Hermitian systems. Our results are illustrated by studying the CD driving for a non-Hermitian three-level system. A scheme to realize the perfect population transfer between the bare states is proposed in the antipseudo-Hermitian case.
A generalised diffusion equation corresponding to continuous time random walks with coupling between the waiting time and jump length distributions
Authors: Cleland J D , Williams M A K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work outlines a transiently coupled continuous time random walk framework. The coupling is between the displacement probability density function (PDF) and the elapsed waiting time, and is of the form

1
−
exp

(

−
α
t

)

. Coupling of this kind generates larger displacements for longer waiting times, however, decouples on longer timescales. Such coupling is proposed to be physically relevant to systems in which diffusion is driven by the development of internal stresses which release and develop cyclically. This article outlines the associated generalised diffusion equation (GDE), which describes the time evolution of the position PDF,

P
(
x
,
t
)

. The solution for

P
(
x
,
t
)

is obtained using the properties of the Fox H function, both in terms of its transform properties but also its expansion theorems. The second moment and the asymptotic features of the solution are extracted. The relaxation of

P
(
x
,
t
)

back to the solution of a decoupled-type GDE is highlighted.
Analysis and determination of the stress field at the Olkiluoto site
Authors: Figueiredo B , Sjöberg J , Mattila J , Hakala M , Suikkanen J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hydraulic, overcoring and LVDT stress measurements have been conducted for characterizing the in situ stress state at the spent nuclear fuel repository at Olkiluoto site, located in Western Finland. The effect of foliation on the stress measurement data was investigated. The analysis of the hydraulic data conducted in foliated rock types shows that the hydraulically-induced fracture propagates along a foliation plane rather than developing along the true maximum horizontal stress direction as dictated by the theory of hydraulic fracturing. An integration of the stress measurement data considered to be reliable was conducted for establishing the most likely stress field and confidence intervals for the large (site) and small scales. At the depth of the planned repository, the stress magnitudes obtained for the two scales were found to be similar, thus concluding that the confidence in the derived stresses is high. The mean magnitudes of the major, intermediate and minor principal stresses are 22, 18, and 11 MPa, respectively. The estimated orientation of the major principal stress (WNW-ESE) agrees with the regional stress state.
Potential applications of deep learning in automatic rock joint trace mapping in a rock mass
Authors: Chiu J K , Li C C , Mengshoel O J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In blasted rock slopes and underground openings, rock joints are visible in different forms. Rock joints are often exposed as planes confining rock blocks and visible as traces on a well-blasted, smooth rock mass surface. A realistic rock joint model should include both visual forms of joints in a rock mass: i.e., both joint traces and joint planes. Imaged-based 2D semantic segmentation using deep learning via the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has shown promising results in extracting joint traces in a rock mass. In 3D analysis, research studies using deep learning have demonstrated outperforming results in automatically extracting joint planes from an unstructured 3D point cloud compared to state-of-the-art methods. We discuss a pilot study using 3D true colour point cloud and their source and derived 2D images in this paper. In the study, we aim to implement and compare various CNN-based networks found in the literature for automatic extraction of joint traces from laser scanning and photogrammetry data. Extracted joint traces can then be clustered and connected to potential joint planes as joint objects in a discrete joint model. This can contribute to a more accurate estimation of rock joint persistence. The goal of the study is to compare the efficiency and accuracy between using 2D images and 3D point cloud as input data. Data are collected from two infrastructure projects with blasted rock slopes and tunnels in Norway.
Predicting the geological condition beyond the tunnel excavation face using MSP monitoring data and LSTM algorithm
Authors: Lee Je-Kyum , Lee Sean Seungwon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The ground conditions beyond an excavation face, especially discontinuities in rock masses, have a significant influence on tunnel construction. However, the actual ground conditions observed during tunnel construction are often different from the ground conditions predicted in the geotechnical site explorations carried out in the design stage. Changes in ground conditions may require alterations in tunnel design, leading to substantial disruptions in the construction schedule and budget. In this regard, accurate ground evaluation prior to the design and construction stages are essential for successful tunnel construction projects. Machine learning models have been developed in order to evaluate the condition of rock discontinuities within 50 m of the tunnel face. Machine data (rotational pressure, feed pressure, and drilling (advance) speed) obtained from a large boring hole machine, called MSP, at an NATM construction site in a granite formation located in South Korea were logged, and the actual ground Discontinuity Score (DS) was appraised by analysing internal bore hole images taken after drilling. Then, the LSTM algorithm was applied to develop the machine learning model to determine DS based on the logged machine data. DS was most accurately predicted when the drilling speed was included in the input data, whereas those cases using only the rotational and feed pressure in the input data showed low prediction accuracy. Therefore, the drilling speed seems to have a higher correlation than hydraulic pressure with regard to ground conditions, including discontinuities. Once additional data is collected from various tunnel sites, the machine learning model could be further enhanced to become more robust and provide solutions to various engineering problems.