bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Water Quality of the Tigris River and Producing Maps to Determine the Locations of Turbidity in the Water for the Year 2022 in Baghdad Governorate
Authors: Al-Ramahi Fouad K. Mashee , Mohammed Samaa B. , Hasan Mazin H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Interest has recently increased in the sustainable development of the natural resources of the land cover, including the water resources stored in natural catchments such as lakes and marshes and flowing from the sources to the rivers, and in increasing human activities from cultivating and fertilizing the land, to establishing factories and throwing industrial waste into rivers to throwing bore water in addition to Clay silt as a result of weathering and erosion of the soil. The purpose of the study is to monitor and determine the quality of the Tigris River water from turbidity, industrial waste and the rest of the materials that pollute the Tigris River. The section of the Tigris River passing through the city of Baghdad was selected as a sample for the study, and the data were used. Remote sensing techniques in the investigation of the polluted area in the Tigris River in Baghdad. The Landsat 8 (OLI) image of Baghdad was used as the best sensor to measure the spectral reflectivity of land features, including water, with a spatial resolution of 30 m on October 18, 2020. The Arc GIS v10.8 application software package was used to process the image data and measure the normalized turbidity index using the green band (3) and the red band (4). Turbidity was calculated using Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), and then classified based on the high and low values of (NDTI). The results indicated that three categories of water quality succeeded in assessing and mapping the turbidity of the water that pollutes the Tigris River. The study is worthwhile. I can be deal with the rest of the pollutants using remote sensing data as the best technology and results at the fastest costs.
Monitoring Changes in the Spectral Reflectivity of Baghdad City and the Impact of the Atmospheric Elements on it using R.S and GIS
Authors: Hassan Eman S. , Hasson Ahmed F. , Khanjer Ebtesam F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Climate change in recent years has greatly affected the distribution of ground covers. Monitoring these changes has become very easy due to the development of remote sensitivity science and the use of satellites to monitor these changes. The aim of this research is to monitor changes in the spectral reflectivity of the Baghdad governorate center for the month (March, June, September, December) of the year 2021 using remote sensing and satellite images Sentinel 2 and knowing the climate imact on them. Fifty-one samples were selected for four types of ground cover (agricultural land, water, buildings and open space) and their spectral reflectivity was calculated using satellite images. Sentinel 2, where it was processed and analyzed, and then the spectral reflectivity values were calculated using the ArcGIS program. The effect of climate on the spectral reflectivity comes through its impact on the ground covers and thus changing the spectral signature of them. The relationship between temperature, spectral reflectivity, humidity, spectral reflectivity, and knowledge of the type of the relationship between them by means of mathematical equations. The results showed that the spectral reflection of the plant at the near-infrared beam has the most change than the rest of the ground covers.
Modis Satellite Data Evaluation for Detecting the Dust Storm Using Remote Sensing Techniques Over Iraq
Authors: Al-Khudhairy Aws A. , Shaban Auday H. , Al-Timimi Yaseen K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe phenomena of Dust storm take place in barren and dry regions all over the world. It may cause by intense ground winds which excite the dust and sand from soft, arid land surfaces resulting it to rise up in the air. These phenomena may cause harmful influences upon health, climate, infrastructure, and transportation. GIS and remote sensing have played a key role in studying dust detection. This study was conducted in Iraq with the objective of validating dust detection. These techniques have been used to derive dust indices using Normalized Difference Dust Index (NDDI) and Middle East Dust Index (MEDI), which are based on images from MODIS and in-situ observation based on hourly wind speed and visibility during May 4-5 2022 and 25-26 June 2022. In this study, the appropriateness of two various MODIS-based techniques to discover dust in 13 stations in Iraq was examined. The results suggest NDDI index is the most appropriate index to identifying dust storms across Iraq. Also, the MEDI index has impairment to discover dust through multiple land-cover forms. Beside that MEDI consider an ineffective index to detect and discover dust storms throughout whole kinds of land cover over Iraq.
Calculating the Quantity and Cost of Distilled Water Produced by Solar Plants to Desalinate Drain Water and use it in Irrigation
Authors: Ibraheem Nagham T. , Ibrahim Ruaa M. , Hussain Hazim H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Industrial and agricultural growth, population explosion, as well as climate change all over the world have led to a significant increase in demand for fresh water, so obtaining it in the simplest, cheapest and most appropriate way has become a challenge for many countries, including Iraq. The aim of the study is to invest free solar energy through the use of solar stills to desalinate water and use it in agricultural production through mixing and drip techniques. The results showed the possibility of obtaining arable water through the construction of a network of virtual solar stills, and through the process of mixing distilled water with an equal amount of drainage water and using drip irrigation, it was found that the cost of one liter of water used in agriculture is (1.077 IQD) (0.0007 $, i.e. 0.0007 $ Less than one cent) within 20 years (the lifespan of the project), where a group of agricultural crops can be grown according to the amount of water produced and according to the default design of the distillers and the amount of salt in produced water, such as chickpeas, cabbage and lentils.
Forecast Study on the Overall Coefficient for Passage of Single-Phase and Passage of Single-Phase in an Annular to Plain Tubes Heat Stream
Authors: Alsulaiei Zaher Mohammed Abed , Abid Haider Jabaur , Shakir R. , Ajimi Hawra Salah Hamid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To prevent buoyancy effects from increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient due to low heat flux, smooth vertical circular tubes require forced convection conjectures. Previous research has focused on mixed convection in turbulent regions and has limited studies on forced convective heat transfer. This study aims to investigate the predictable overall coefficients of heat transfer performance under specific conditions of forced convection, considering both vertical up flow and down flow through the smooth circular test section. The recommended Reynolds numbers for water are (7201.6–14577.4) and (3186.7–6396.75) for single-phase and single-phase annular passages, respectively, with a heat application range of (50–500 W). The overall coefficient of heat transfer is (333.91 - 432.95 W/m2.K) and (169.76 - 251.20 W/m2.K) for single-phase and single-phase annular passages, respectively. The flow was turbulent for all heat fluxes.
Propagation property of the abruptly auto-focusing multi-focus beam
Authors: Lin Danping , Tao Shaohua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The auto-focusing property of the optical beams plays an important role in contemporary optics. In this work, we introduce a method of abruptly auto-focusing multi-focus beam (AAMB) along the optical axis. The simulation results show that the AAMB can flexibly adjust the normalized focusing intensity, focal length, and the number of focus points by controlling different beam parameters. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieved a beam with double equal-intensity focus or three equal-intensity focus during propagation. The AAMB enriches the existing multi-focal beam. In addition, the flexible and controllable focusing properties of the beam may broaden the potential applications.
PredLLPS_PSSM: a novel predictor for liquid–liquid protein separation identification based on evolutionary information and a deep neural network
Authors: Zhou Shengming , Zhou Yetong , Liu Tian , Zheng Jia , Jia Cangzhi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The formation of biomolecular condensates by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has become a universal mechanism for spatiotemporal coordination of biological activities in cells and has been widely observed to directly regulate the key cellular processes involved in cancer cell pathology. However, the complexity of protein sequences and the diversity of conformations are inherently disordered, which poses great challenges for LLPS protein calculations and experimental research. Herein, we proposed a novel predictor named PredLLPS_PSSM for LLPS protein identification based only on sequence evolution information. Because finding real and reliable samples is the cornerstone of building predictors, we collected anew and collated the LLPS proteins from the latest versions of three databases. By comparing the performance of the position-specific score matrix (PSSM) and word embedding, PredLLPS_PSSM combined PSSM-based information and two deep learning frameworks. Independent tests using three existing independent test datasets and two newly constructed independent test datasets demonstrated the superiority of PredLLPS_PSSM compared with state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we tested PredLLPS_PSSM on nine experimentally identified LLPS proteins from three insects that were not included in any of the databases. In addition, the powerful Shapley Additive exPlanation algorithm and heatmap were applied to find the most critical amino acids relevant to LLPS.
Digital Ritual: Police–Public Social Media Encounters and ‘Authentic’ Interaction
Authors: Henry Alistair 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article formulates the concept of digital ritual to characterize the continuum of symbolic encounters enabled by social media affordances, and to explain their solidarity-enhancing potential. Applying digital ritual to police uses of social media confirms this promise but also reveals risks of mediated authenticity. The article cautions against influencer styles of engagement that risk privileging popularity over probity in ways dangerous for police legitimacy. It is argued that insights from conceptualizing online encounters as digital rituals can instead be marshalled to support an alternative ‘working personality of the digital cop’; one reflecting principles of candour and democratic policing that provide a sounder basis for establishing what ‘authentic’ online police–public interactions ought to look like.
The impact of interpersonal reporting heterogeneity on cross-country differences in Healthy Life Years in Europe
Authors: Luy Marc , Di Giulio Paola , Minagawa Yuka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The European Union has used Healthy Life Years (HLY) as an indicator to monitor the health of its aging populations. Scholarly and popular interest in HLY across countries has grown, particularly regarding the ranking of countries. It is important to note that HLY is based on self-assessments of activity limitations, raising the possibility that it might be influenced by differences in health reporting behaviours between populations, a phenomenon known as differential item functioning (DIF).

Methods
We estimated DIF-adjusted HLY at age 50 for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden to determine the extent to which differences in HLY might be influenced by reporting heterogeneity across countries. We used anchoring vignettes, taken from the 2004 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, to estimate DIF-adjusted prevalence rates of activity limitations measured by the Global Activity Limitations Indicator (GALI). The Sullivan method was used to calculate DIF-adjusted HLY.

Results
Changes in HLY before and after adjustment ranged from a 1.20-year decrease for men in Italy to a 1.61-year increase for women in Spain. Adjustment for DIF produced changes in the rankings of the countries by HLY, with upward and downward movements of up to three positions.

Conclusion
Our results show that DIF is likely to affect HLY estimates, thereby posing a challenge to the validity of comparisons of HLY across European countries. The findings suggest that HLY should be used to monitor population health status within a country, rather than to make comparisons across countries.
Symptom profiles and their risk factors in patients with post-COVID-19 condition: a Dutch longitudinal cohort study
Authors: van Zon Sander K R , Ballering Aranka V , Brouwer Sandra , Rosmalen Judith G M ,   for the Lifelines Corona Research Initiative, Marike Boezen H , Mierau Jochen O , Lude Franke H , Dekens Jackie , Deelen Patrick , Lanting Pauline , Vonk Judith M , Nolte Ilja , Ori Anil P S , Claringbould Annique , Boulogne Floranne , Dijkema Marjolein X L , Wiersma Henry H , Warmerdam Robert , Jankipersadsing Soesma A , van Blokland Irene , de Bock Geertruida H , Rosmalen Judith G M , Wijmenga Cisca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
To improve research and care for patients with post-COVID-19 condition more insight into different subtypes of post-COVID-19 condition and their risk factors is urgently needed. We aimed to identify risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition in general and for specific symptom profiles.

Methods
This study is based on data collected within the Lifelines Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cohort (N = 76 503). Mean pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 infection symptom scores were compared to classify post-COVID-19 condition. Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify symptom profiles. Logistic and multinomial regression analyses were used to examine the association between demographic, lifestyle and health-related risk factors and post-COVID-19 condition, and symptom profiles, respectively.

Results
Of the 3465 participants having had COVID-19, 18.5% (n = 642) classified for post-COVID-19 condition. Four symptom profiles were identified: muscle pain, fatigue, cardiorespiratory and ageusia/anosmia. Female sex was a risk factor for the muscle pain and fatigue profiles. Being overweight or obese increased risk for all profiles, except the fatigue profile. Having a chronic disease increased the risk for all profiles except the ageusia/anosmia profile, with the cardiorespiratory profile being only significant in case of multimorbidity. Being unvaccinated increased risk of the ageusia/anosmia profile.

Conclusions
Findings from this study suggest that Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may trigger different pathophysiological mechanisms that may result in different subtypes of post-COVID-19 condition. These subtypes have shared and unique risk factors. Further characterization of symptom profiles and quantification of the individual and societal impact of specific symptom profiles are pressing challenges for future research.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of β-sitosterol marker in virgin camellia oil and virgin olive oil
Authors: Li Yang , Wu Minyu , Zhai Liang , Zhang Hui , Shen Lirong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Camellia oil and olive oil with superior economic value are easily adulterated with other, cheaper oils. It is difficult to identify both oils by traditional methods because of their similar fatty acid profiles. In the present study, a novel method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of β-sitosterol using GC/MS and GC/FID was developed to identify camellia oil and olive oil. The method validation of β-sitosterol analysis showed good linearity and satisfactory values for recovery, accuracy, precision, and repeatability. The linear regression coefficient (R2) of the calibration curve was 0.9985. An acceptable limit of detection (0.36 mg/100 g) and limit of quantification (1.20 mg/100 g) were achieved. The spiked recoveries were 95.0% to 100.3%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of within-day precision was less than 3.26%, and the RSD of retention times and peak areas for repeatability were within 0.03% and 1.08%, respectively. The contents of β-sitosterol in virgin camellia oil and virgin olive oil were in the range of 14.1–30.2 mg/100 g and 94.3–173.2 mg/100 g, respectively, indicating that the β-sitosterol content in the former is seven times that in the latter, and β-sitosterol could be a potential marker for the authentication and adulteration detection of both oils.
Micronutrient Status and Prediction of Disease Outcome in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Biologic Therapy
Authors: Brownson Emily , Saunders Jayne , Jatkowska Aleksandra , White Bernadette , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Seenan John Paul , Macdonald Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Micronutrient deficiencies are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but whether they relate to disease outcomes remains unknown. This study assessed the micronutrient status of adults with IBD on treatment with biologic therapies and explored predictive relationships with disease outcomes.

Methods
Seventeen micronutrients were measured in the blood of 216 adults with IBD on biologic therapy. Of these, 127 patients (58%) had Crohn’s disease (CD), and the majority (70%) received treatment with infliximab. Patients were followed for 12 months and onset of adverse clinical outcomes (eg, requirement for treatment with corticosteroids, hospitalization, or surgical intervention) was recorded, and related to micronutrient status.

Results
Among all patients, the most common deficiencies were for vitamin C (n = 35 of 212 [16.5%]), ferritin (n = 27 of 189 [14.3%]), folate (n = 24 of 171 [14.0%]), and zinc (n = 27 of 210 [12.9%]). During follow-up, 22 (10%) of the 216 patients developed 1 or more adverse clinical outcomes. Patients with CD and zinc deficiency were significantly more likely to require surgery (P = .002) or treatment with corticosteroids (P &lt; .001). In contrast, patients with ulcerative colitis and selenium deficiency were significantly more likely to have a clinical flare of disease (P = .001), whereas those with CD were not. This relationship with selenium remained significant after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of adults with IBD present deficiencies for certain micronutrients, with selenium and zinc deficiency predicting adverse disease outcomes. For other micronutrients, deficiencies were less common and should not warrant routine screening. Intervention studies should explore the effect of micronutrient supplementation in modifying disease outcomes in IBD.
Corticosteroids but not Anti-TNF Are Associated With Increased COVID-19 Complications in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Long Millie D , Parlett Lauren , Lewis James D , Haynes Kevin , Adimadhyam Sruthi , Hou Laura , Wolfe Audrey , Toh Sengwee , Burris Jessica , Dorand Jennifer , Kappelman Michael D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Immunosuppressed individuals are at higher risk for COVID-19 complications, yet data in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are limited. We evaluated the risk of COVID-19- severe sequelae by medication utilization in a large cohort of patients with IBD.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing insurance claims data between August 31, 2019, and August 31, 2021.We included IBD patients identified by diagnosis and treatment codes. Use of IBD medications was defined in the 90 days prior to cohort entry. Study outcomes included COVID-19 hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and inpatient death. Patients were followed until the outcome of interest, outpatient death, disenrollment, or end of study period. Due to the aggregate nature of available data, we were unable to perform multivariate analyses.

Results
We included 102 986 patients (48 728 CD, 47 592 UC) with a mean age of 53 years; 55% were female. Overall, 412 (0.4%) patients were hospitalized with COVID-19. The incidence of hospitalization was higher in those on corticosteroids (0.6% vs 0.3%; P &lt; .0001; 13.6 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8-16.9) and lower in those receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy (0.2% vs 0.5%; P &lt; .0001; 3.9 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 2.7-5.4). Older age was associated with increased hospitalization with COVID-19. Overall, 71 (0.07%) patients required mechanical ventilation and 52 (0.05%) died at the hospital with COVID-19. The proportion requiring mechanical ventilation (1.9% vs 0.05%; P &lt; .0001; 3.9 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 2.5-5.9) was higher among users of corticosteroids.

Conclusions
Among patients with IBD, those on corticosteroids had more hospitalizations and mechanical ventilation with COVID-19. Anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization. These findings reinforce previous guidance to taper and/or discontinue corticosteroids in IBD.
Cancer risk in the siblings of individuals with major birth defects: a large Nordic population-based case-control study
Authors: Daltveit Dagrun Slettebø , Klungsøyr Kari , Engeland Anders , Ekbom Anders , Gissler Mika , Glimelius Ingrid , Grotmol Tom , Madanat-Harjuoja Laura , Ording Anne Gulbech , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Troisi Rebecca , Bjørge Tone 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Individuals with major birth defects are at increased risk of developing cancer, indicating a common aetiology. However, whether the siblings of individuals with birth defects are also at an increased risk of cancer is unclear.

Methods
We used nationwide health registries in four Nordic countries and conducted a nested case-control study. We included 40 538 cancer cases (aged 0–46 years) and 481 945 population controls (matched by birth year and country), born between 1967 and 2014. The relative risk of cancer among individuals whose siblings had birth defects was computed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using logistic regression models.

Results
In the total study population (aged 0–46 years), we observed no overall difference in cancer risk between individuals whose siblings had birth defects and those who had unaffected siblings (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.97–1.08); however, the risk of lymphoid and haematopoietic malignancies was elevated (1.16; 1.05–1.28). The overall risk of childhood cancer (0–19 years) was increased for siblings of individuals who had birth defects (1.09; 1.00–1.19), which was mainly driven by lymphoma (1.35; 1.09–1.66), neuroblastoma (1.51; 1.11–2.05) and renal carcinoma (5.03; 1.73–14.6). The risk of cancer also increased with the number of siblings with birth defects (Ptrend = 0.008).

Conclusion
Overall risk of cancer among individuals (aged 0–46 years) whose siblings had birth defects was not elevated, but the risk of childhood cancer (ages 0–19 years) was increased. Our novel findings are consistent with the common aetiologies of birth defects and cancer, such as shared genetic predisposition and environmental factors.