bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DELAYED GREENING 409 encodes a dual-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein required for chloroplast and mitochondrial development
Authors: Wang Huiying , Liu Jing , Zhao Wei , Terzaghi William , Deng Linbin , Liu Hongfang , Zheng Qiwei , Fan Shihang , Hua Wei , Zheng Ming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In ﬂowering plants, hundreds of RNA editing events occur in the chloroplasts and mitochondria during posttranscriptional processes. Although several pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been shown to form the editosome core, the precise interactions between the different editing factors are still obscure. Here, we isolated an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PPR protein, designated DELAYED GREENING 409 (DG409), that was dually targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria. This protein consists of 409 amino acids with 7 PPR motifs but lacks a C-terminal E, E+, or DYW domain. A mild dg409 knockdown mutant displays a sickly phenotype. In this mutant, the young leaves are pale green and turn green at maturity, and the development of chloroplasts and mitochondria is severely disrupted. Complete loss of DG409 function results in defective embryos. Transcriptomic analysis of the dg409 knockdown plants showed some editing defects in genes from both organelles, including CASEINOLYTIC PROTEASE P (clpP)-559, RNA POLYMERASE SUBUNIT ALPHA (rpoA)-200, ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE CARBOXYL TRANSFERASE SUBUNIT BETA (accD)-1568, NADH DEHYDROGENASE SUBUNIT 7 (nad7)-1505, and RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S3 (rps3)-1344. RNA immunoprecipitation showed that DG409 was associated with the targeted transcripts in vivo. Interaction assays revealed that DG409 directly interacted with 2 DYW-type PPR proteins (EARLY CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS2 [AtECB2] and DYW DOMAIN PROTEIN2 [DYW2]) and 3 multiple organellar RNA editing factors (MORF2, MORF8, and MORF9). These results indicate that DG409 is involved in RNA editing via protein complexes and is therefore essential for chloroplast and mitochondrial development.
Complex Patterns of Diversification in the Gray Zone of Speciation: Model-Based Approaches Applied to Patagonian Liolaemid Lizards (Squamata: Liolaemus kingii clade)
Authors: Sánchez Kevin I , Diaz Huesa Emilce G , Breitman María F , Avila Luciano J , Sites Jack W , Morando Mariana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study we detangled the evolutionary history of the Patagonian lizard clade Liolaemus kingii, coupling dense geographic sampling and novel computational analytical approaches. We analyzed nuclear and mitochondrial data (restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and cytochrome b) to hypothesize and evaluate species limits, phylogenetic relationships, and demographic histories. We complemented these analyses with posterior predictive simulations to assess the fit of the genomic data to the multispecies coalescent model. We also employed a novel approach to time-calibrate a phylogenetic network. Our results show several instances of mito-nuclear discordance and consistent support for a reticulated history, supporting the view that the complex evolutionary history of the kingii clade is characterized by extensive gene flow and rapid diversification events. We discuss our findings in the contexts of the “gray zone” of speciation, phylogeographic patterns in the Patagonian region, and taxonomic outcomes. [Model adequacy; multispecies coalescent; multispecies network coalescent; phylogenomics; species delimitation.]
Effect of Host-Switching on the Ecological and Evolutionary Patterns of Parasites
Authors: D’Bastiani Elvira , Princepe Débora , Marquitti Flavia M D , Boeger Walter A , Campião Karla M , Araujo Sabrina B L 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpeciation via host-switching is a macroevolutionary process that emerges from a microevolutionary dynamic where individual parasites switch hosts, establish a new association, and reduce reproductive contact with the original parasite lineage. Phylogenetic distance and geographic distribution of the hosts have been shown to be determinants of the capacity and opportunity of the parasite to change hosts. Although speciation via host-switching has been reported in many host-parasite systems, its dynamic on the individual, population and community levels is poorly understood. Here we propose a theoretical model to simulate parasite evolution considering host-switching events on the microevolutionary scale, taking into account the macroevolutionary history of the hosts, to evaluate how host-switching can affect ecological and evolutionary patterns of parasites in empirical communities at regional and local scales. In the model, parasite individuals can switch hosts under variable intensity and have their evolution driven by mutation and genetic drift. Mating is sexual and only individuals that are sufficiently similar can produce offspring. We assumed that parasite evolution occurs at the same evolutionary time scale as their hosts, and that the intensity of host-switching decreases as the host species differentiate. Ecological and evolutionary patterns were characterized by the turnover of parasite species among host species, and parasite evolutionary tree imbalance respectively. We found a range of host-switching intensity that reproduces ecological and evolutionary patterns observed in empirical communities. Our results showed that turnover decreased as host-switching intensity increased, with low variation among the model replications. On the other hand, tree imbalance showed wide variation and non-monotonic tendency. We concluded that tree imbalance was sensitive to stochastic events, whereas turnover may be a good indicator of host-switching. We found that local communities corresponded to higher host-switching intensity when compared to regional communities, highlighting that spatial scale is a limitation for host-switching. [Dispersal of parasites, opportunity and capacity of interaction, phylogenetic conservatism, and community structure.]
Consilience Across Multiple, Independent Genomic Data Sets Reveals Species in a Complex with Limited Phenotypic Variation
Authors: Wootton Lara M , Forest Félix , Verboom G Anthony 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Species delimitation in the genomic era has focused predominantly on the application of multiple analytical methodologies to a single massive parallel sequencing (MPS) data set, rather than leveraging the unique but complementary insights provided by different classes of MPS data. In this study, we demonstrate how the use of two independent MPS data sets, a sequence capture data set and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data set generated via genotyping-by-sequencing, enables the resolution of species in three complexes belonging to the grass genus Ehrharta, whose strong population structure and subtle morphological variation limit the effectiveness of traditional species delimitation approaches. Sequence capture data are used to construct a comprehensive phylogenetic tree of Ehrharta and to resolve population relationships within the focal clades, while SNP data are used to detect patterns of gene pool sharing across populations, using a novel approach that visualizes multiple values of K. Given that the two genomic data sets are independent, the strong congruence in the clusters they resolve provides powerful ratification of species boundaries in all three complexes studied. Our approach is also able to resolve a number of single-population species and a probable hybrid species, both of which would be difficult to detect and characterize using a single MPS data set. Overall, the data reveal the existence of 11 and five species in the E. setacea and E. rehmannii complexes, with the E. ramosa complex requiring further sampling before species limits are finalized. Despite phenotypic differentiation being generally subtle, true crypsis is limited to just a few species pairs and triplets. We conclude that, in the absence of strong morphological differentiation, the use of multiple, independent genomic data sets is necessary in order to provide the cross-data set corroboration that is foundational to an integrative taxonomic approach. [Species delimitation; genotyping-by-sequencing; population structure; integrative taxonomy; cryptic species; Ehrharta (Poaceae).]
Hybridization and Transgressive Evolution Generate Diversity in an Adaptive Radiation ofAnolisLizards
Authors: Wogan Guinevere O U , Yuan Michael L , Mahler D Luke , Wang Ian J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInterspecific hybridization may act as a major force contributing to the evolution of biodiversity. Although generally thought to reduce or constrain divergence between 2 species, hybridization can, paradoxically, promote divergence by increasing genetic variation or providing novel combinations of alleles that selection can act upon to move lineages toward new adaptive peaks. Hybridization may, then, play a key role in adaptive radiation by allowing lineages to diversify into new ecological space. Here, we test for signatures of historical hybridization in the Anolis lizards of Puerto Rico and evaluate 2 hypotheses for the role of hybridization in facilitating adaptive radiation—the hybrid swarm origins hypothesis and the syngameon hypothesis. Using whole genome sequences from all 10 species of Puerto Rican anoles, we calculated D and f-statistics (from ABBA-BABA tests) to test for introgression across the radiation and employed multispecies network coalescent methods to reconstruct phylogenetic networks that allow for hybridization. We then analyzed morphological data for these species to test for patterns consistent with transgressive evolution, a phenomenon in which the trait of a hybrid lineage is found outside of the range of its 2 parents. Our analyses uncovered strong evidence for introgression at multiple stages of the radiation, including support for an ancient hybrid origin of a clade comprising half of the extant Puerto Rican anole species. Moreover, we detected significant signals of transgressive evolution for 2 ecologically important traits, head length and toepad width, the latter of which has been described as a key innovation in Anolis. [Adaptive radiation; introgression; multispecies network coalescent; phenotypic evolution; phylogenetic network; reticulation; syngameon; transgressive segregation.]
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in an Online Faculty Development Course for Anesthesia Educators in East Africa
Authors: Kejela Edosa , Tesfaye Gosa , Getachew Adane , Rose Elizabeth S. , Winful Taiye , Eyayu Zemene , Martin Marie H. , Sileshi Bantayehu 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Faculty in low-resourced communities often have limited training on teaching and learning. An innovative, online, 13-week course using a flipped classroom model was developed for junior faculty anesthesiologists at teaching hospitals in East Africa and piloted in Ethiopia and Tanzania.

Methods:
Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed to evaluate potential change in participants' knowledge, skills, and attitudes as well as the feasibility of e-learning in the region.

Results:
Analysis of data revealed that top areas of change in participants' knowledge were in the flipped classroom approach (increased by 79%), effective mentoring practices (67%), and elements of effective course goals and objectives (58%). Leading areas of change in skills were in developing goals and objectives (72%), using case-based learning (67%), and engaging learners through PowerPoint (64%). Change in attitudes was largest in the areas of effective mentoring and strong leadership (27%), using course and lecture learning objectives (26%), and student-centered learning theory (26%). Qualitative data revealed that participants were satisfied with the course; found the structure, presentations, and delivery methods to be effective; and appreciated the flexibility of being online but experienced challenges, particularly in connectivity.

Discussion:
This evaluation demonstrated the efficacy of using e-learning in East Africa and highlights the innovation of online faculty development in a region where it has not been done before. By using participants as future instructors, this course is scalable in the region and worldwide, and it can help address limited access to training by providing a critical mass of trainers competent in teaching, mentoring, and leading.
The immediate effects of lavender-based essential oil inhalation on subsequent polysomnography in people with poor sleep quality
Authors: Yang Chun-Pai , Yang Cheng-Chia , Tsai I-Ju , Lin Tsung-Hsing , Chiou Ya-Ling , Wang Hsiao-Fen , Chang Ching-Mao , Yih Kuang-Hway 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Although aromatherapy is considered an adjuvant therapy to promote sleep quality, few objective sleep testing instruments can confirm the effects of aromatherapy on sleep physiology. The purpose of this study was to confirm and compare the immediate effects of a single lavender essential oil (SLEO) group to a complex lavender essential oil (CLEO) group by objective polysomnography (PSG) recordings.

Methods:
Participants were randomly divided into the SLEO group and CLEO group in this single-blind trial to explore the sleep effect of essential oil aroma. All the participants completed the sleep-related questionnaires and underwent two consecutive nights of PSG recordings, who had one night without aromatherapy and one night with one of the two aromas randomly assigned to them.

Results:
Total of 53 participants were recruited for this study, 25 participants were in the SLEO group, and 28 were in the CLEO group. Baseline characteristics and sleep-related questionnaires were similar in both groups. Both SLEO and CLEO extended the total sleep time (TST) (Δ = 43.42 and 23.75 minutes, respectively) and sleep period time (SPT) (Δ = 38.86 and 24.07 minutes, respectively). The SLEO group further improved sleep efficiency and increased the amounts of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and decreased spontaneous arousals. However, there was no significant difference in PSG parameters between the SLEO and CLEO groups.

Conclusion:
Both SLEO and CLEO extended TST and SPT, with no significant differences between these two groups. These results warrant practical applications and merit future studies (Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03933553).
How to recognize and treat rumination syndrome
Authors: Sawada Akinari , Sifrim Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Rumination syndrome (RS) is a functional gastroduodenal disorder characterized by repeated effortless regurgitation or vomiting of recently ingested food without retching. RS generally has been considered a rare entity. However, it has been increasingly recognized that many RS patients are likely to be underdiagnosed. This review discusses how to recognize and manage RS patients in clinical practice.

Recent findings
A recent epidemiological study that included over 50,000 individuals found that the prevalence of RS around the world is 3.1%. In patients with proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-refractory reflux symptoms, postprandial high-resolution manometry combined with impedance (HRM/Z) reveals that RS accounts for up to 20% of those cases. HRM/Z can be a gold standard for objective RS diagnosis. In addition, off-PPI 24-h impedance pH monitoring can suggest the possibility of RS when it reveals frequent postprandial, non-acid reflux with a high symptom index. Modulated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) targeting secondary psychological maintaining mechanisms almost eliminates regurgitation.

Summary
The prevalence of RS is higher than generally thought. For patients suspected of RS, HRM/Z is useful to distinguish RS from gastroesophageal reflux disease. CBT can be a highly effective therapeutic option.
Transgender and gender-diverse youth: an update on standard medical treatments for gender dysphoria and the sociopolitical climate
Authors: Arnold Jacob C. , McNamara Meredithe 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth experience a discordance between their binary sex assigned at birth and gender identity. All TGD youth benefit from compassionate care delivered by clinicians who are informed in matters of gender diversity. Some of TGD youth experience clinically significant distress, termed gender dysphoria (GD), and may benefit from additional psychological support and medical treatments. Discrimination and stigma fuel minority stress in TGD youth and thus many struggle with mental health and psychosocial functioning. This review summarizes the current state of research on TGD youth and essential medical treatments for gender dysphoria. These concepts are highly relevant in the current sociopolitical climate. Pediatric providers of all disciplines are stakeholders in the care of TGD youth and should be aware of updates in this field.

Recent findings
Children who express gender-diverse identities continue to express these identities into adolescence. Medical treatments for GD have a positive effect on mental health, suicidality, psychosocial functioning, and body satisfaction. The overwhelming majority of TGD youth with gender dysphoria who receive medical aspects of gender affirming care continue these treatments into early adulthood. Political targeting and legal interference into social inclusion for TGD youth and medical treatments for GD are rooted in scientific misinformation and have negative impacts on their well being.

Summary
All youth-serving health professionals are likely to care for TGD youth. To provide optimal care, these professionals should remain apprised of best practices and understand basic principles of medical treatments for GD.
Chronic Mucosal Inflammation in Pediatric Intestinal Failure Patients—A Unique Phenomenon
Authors: Moran-Lev Hadar , Kocoshis Samuel A. , Oliveira Stephanie B. , Helmrath Michael , Cole Conrad R. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction/Objectives:
As intestinal failure (IF) management improves and long-term survival rate increases, its physiological complications have become more apparent. The development of chronic intestinal inflammation resembling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in this population has been reported, but the literature describing it in detail is sparse. The present study was designed to characterize children with IF who developed chronic intestinal inflammation and identify the potential predisposing clinical factors.

Methods:
This retrospective study was based on the electronic medical records of pediatric patients seen at the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center between January 2000 and July 2022. Demographic and medical history data were collected and compared between children with IF that developed chronic intestinal inflammation and children with IF that did not develop chronic intestinal inflammation.

Results:
During the follow-up period, 23 children were diagnosed with chronic intestinal inflammation. Of these, 12 (52%) were males, with a median age of 4.5 (3–7) years at diagnosis. Nearly one-third of the patients had gastroschisis (31%), followed by necrotizing enterocolitis (26%), and malrotation and volvulus (21.7%). More children in the chronic intestinal inflammation group lacked an ileocecal valve (ICV) and adjoining distal ileum as compared to the short bowel syndrome (SBS)-IF control group (15 patients, 65% vs 8 patients, 33%). Moreover, more children in the chronic intestinal inflammation group had undergone a prior lengthening procedure than the SBS-IF control group (5 patients, 21.7% vs. 0, respectively).

Discussion:
SBS patients are at risk of relatively early onset chronic intestinal inflammation. The absence of an ICV (and adjoin ileum) and prior lengthening procedures emerge as factors associated with the risk of IBD in these patients.
Accurate anatomic repair of obstetric anal sphincter damage or rectovaginal fistula aided by prior ultrasonograghy: a cohort study
Authors: Mokoena Taole , Abdool Zeelha 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Anorectal obstetric injuries resulting in anal sphincter damage (ASD) and rectovaginal fistula (RVF) remain a major problem. The resulting flatus or faecal incontinence is devastating. Surgical repair remains a challenge. Postpartum RVF primarily results from ischaemic pressure necrosis following obstructed labour. The fistula tract is surrounded by a fibrous scar. ASD usually results from precipitous labour. The injury heals by fibrous scar leading to varying degrees of anal incontinence. Contraction and retraction of muscles around the injury renders the defect and fibrous scar larger than the primary injury. Anorectal ultrasonography has been used to define RVF and ASD, and the associated fibrous scar.

Patients and methods:
A retrospective review of patients who underwent transvaginal surgical repair of RVF and ASD was undertaken. Patients were preoperatively assessed for pathology and incontinence degree. Anorectal ultrasonography was used to define ASD or RVF and the associated scar preoperatively. Repair of RVF or ASD entails total excision of the scar with accurate anatomical layers reconstruction of healthy tissues.

Results:
There were 23 patients, 8 RVF with a mean (SD) age 29 (6.78) years and 17 ASD with a mean (SD) age 35.25 (15.90). Twenty followed obstetric trauma (6RVF, 14 ASD), 1 prior rectocoele repair (ASD), 2 rape (1RVF + 1 ASD) and 1 was idiopathic (RVF). All patients had 1 or more prior repairs except for idiopathic RVF. Operative technique entailed transvaginal complete excision of the fibrous scar and accurate anatomical reconstruction of healthy tissue layers. A colostomy was not routinely used. There were three significant postoperative complications: ASD breakdown from an infected haematoma; perianal abscess, later a sinus after drainage; and RVF repair dehiscence during early coitus. All patients had full continence after 8 months minimum follow-up.

Conclusion:
Complete excision of the fibrous scar and accurate anatomical tissue layers reconstruction of the obstetric RVF or ASD, aided by prior ultrasonography, yielded good results.
Myopia Control Dose Delivered to Treated Eyes by a Dual Focus Myopia Control Contact Lens
Authors: Ramasubramanian Viswanathan , Logan Nicola S. , Jones Susie , Meyer Dawn , Jaskulski Matt , Rickert Martin , Chamberlain Paul , Arumugam Baskar , Bradley Arthur , Kollbaum Pete S. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Significance
Consistent with closed loop models of regulated eye growth, a successful dual-focus (DF) myopia control contact lens focused a significant proportion of light anterior to the central retina in eyes of treated children viewing near and distant targets.

Purpose
This study examined the optical impact of a DF contact lens during near viewing in a sample of habitual DF lens wearing children.

Methods
Seventeen myopic children aged 14 to 18 years who had completed 3 or 6 years of treatment with a DF contact lens (MiSight 1 day, CooperVision, Inc.) were recruited and fit bilaterally with the DF and a single vision (SV, Proclear 1 day, CooperVision, Inc.) contact lens. Right eye wavefronts were measured using a pyramidal aberrometer (Osiris, CSO) while children accommodated binocularly to high contrast letter stimuli at 5 target vergences. Wavefront error data were used to compute pupil maps of refractive state.

Results
During near viewing, children wearing SV lenses accommodated on average to achieve approximate focus in the pupil center but due to combined accommodative lag and negative spherical aberration experienced up to 2.00 D of hyperopic defocus in the pupil margins. With DF lenses, children accommodated similarly achieving approximate focus in the pupil center. When viewing three near distances (0.48, 0.31 and 0.23 m), the added +2.00 D within the DF lens treatment optics shifted the mean defocus from +0.75 D to -1.00 D. The DF lens reduced the % of hyperopic defocus (≥ +0.75 D) in the retinal image from 52% to 25% over these target distances, leading to an increase in myopic defocus (≤ -0.50 D) from 17% to 42%.

Conclusions
The DF contact lens did not alter the accommodative behavior of children. The treatment optics introduced myopic defocus and decreased the amount of hyperopically defocused light in the retinal image.