bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of and factors associated with multimorbidity among 18 101 adults in the South East Asia Community Observatory Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Malaysia: a population-based, cross-sectional study of the MUTUAL consortium
Authors: Tan Michelle M C , Prina A Matthew , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Mohan Devi , Ismail Roshidi , Assefa Esubalew , Keinert Ana Á M , Kassim Zaid , Allotey Pascale , Reidpath Daniel , Su Tin Tin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity in a community-dwelling general adult population on a large Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) scale.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingSouth East Asia Community Observatory HDSS site in Malaysia.ParticipantsOf 45 246 participants recruited from 13 431 households, 18 101 eligible adults aged 18–97 years (mean age 47 years, 55.6% female) were included.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome was prevalence of multimorbidity. Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions per individual. A total of 13 chronic diseases were selected and were further classified into 11 medical conditions to account for multimorbidity. The conditions were heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, musculoskeletal disorder, obesity, asthma, vision problem, hearing problem and physical mobility problem. Risk factors for multimorbidity were also analysed.ResultsOf the study cohort, 28.5% people lived with multimorbidity. The individual prevalence of the chronic conditions ranged from 1.0% to 24.7%, with musculoskeletal disorder (24.7%), obesity (20.7%) and hypertension (18.4%) as the most prevalent chronic conditions. The number of chronic conditions increased linearly with age (p<0.001). In the logistic regression model, multimorbidity is associated with female sex (adjusted OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.40, p<0.001), education levels (primary education compared with no education: adjusted OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.74; secondary education: adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.70; tertiary education: adjusted OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.80; p<0.001) and employment status (working adults compared with retirees: adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.82, p<0.001), in addition to age (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.05, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe current single-disease services in primary and secondary care should be accompanied by strategies to address complexities associated with multimorbidity, taking into account the factors associated with multimorbidity identified. Future research is needed to identify the most commonly occurring clusters of chronic diseases and their risk factors to develop more efficient and effective multimorbidity prevention and treatment strategies.
Clinical outcome using a modified treat-and-extend protocol for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Vofo Brice Nguedia , Cnaany Yaacov , Chowers I 
Published: December 2022

AimTo compare outcome between patients treated using a modified treat-and-extend (mT&E) protocol and patients treated using a conventional T&E protocol.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of two groups of treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients within a single centre were evaluated. One group treated using the conventional T&E protocol, with visual acuity, dilated fundus examination (DFE) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) performed at each visit. The second group treated using the mT&E protocol in which visual acuity and DFE were performed only every three visits. The main outcome measures were time spent per clinical visit, visual and anatomical outcomes measured for 36 months.ResultsThe T&E and mT&E groups included 135 eyes in 116 patients and 119 eyes in 94 patients, respectively, with similar baseline characteristics. At 36 months, the number of injections administered (7.9±2.9 vs 8.1±2.3 injections, respectively; p=0.55), the percentage of eyes that gained ≥15 Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters (23% vs 25.2%, respectively; p=0.39) and the percentage of eyes that lost ≥15 ETDRS letters (21.5% vs 17.7%; p=0.43, respectively) were similar between the T&E and mT&E groups. However, waiting and contact time were reduced during the OCT-only visits compared with the full visits, with an average of 41 min saved per patient encounter.ConclusionsBoth protocols yielded similar visual and anatomical outcomes. However, the mT&E protocol reduced the number of full visits, with considerably less time spent at the clinic.
Adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Central Sensitisation Inventory in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Liang Dongfeng , Yu Xiangli , Guo Xiaojie , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe 25-item Central Sensitisation Inventory (CSI-25) is a patient-reported instrument used to screen patients at risk of central sensitisation, a pathophysiological mechanism implicated in many chronic pain syndromes.AimsTo adapt and validate a Chinese version of the CSI-25 in the Chinese population.MethodsThe Chinese CSI-25 was developed by the translation of the original English version, back translation, cultural adaptation and revision using the Delphi method. The Chinese CSI-25 was administered to 237 patients with chronic pain and 55 healthy controls. Structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis), construct validity (correlations with other instruments), test–retest reliability and internal consistency were evaluated.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis extracted four main factors (‘physical symptoms’, ‘emotional distress’, ‘headache/jaw symptoms’ and ‘urological symptoms’). The Chinese CSI-25 score was positively correlated with the Pain Catastrophic Scale (PCS) total score (r=0.709), PCS subscale scores (r=0.630–0.695), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) mean item score (r=0.773), BPI total score (r=0.773) and the number of painful sites (r=0.636). The Chinese CSI-25 had excellent test–retest reliability (intragroup correlation coefficient=0.975) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.930 in the overall population and 0.882 in the chronic pain population).ConclusionsThe Chinese CSI-25 had excellent test–retest reliability and satisfactory structural validity and construct validity. This instrument could potentially be used in China as a self-report questionnaire in both clinical practice and research settings.
Badminton-related eye injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Hoskin Annette K , Watson Stephanie , Kamalden Tengku A 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo report the nature of badminton-related eye injuries in the published literature.MethodsA review of the literature with key word and MeSH terms: ‘Eye injury’, ‘Ocular trauma’, ‘Badminton’ ‘Shuttlecock’ using CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Informit Health Collection databases. Papers were reviewed to assess the circumstances of the injury, patient demographics and clinical data.Results19 studies from 1974 to 2020 from 12 countries reported 378 monocular badminton-related eye injuries from 378 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. A closed globe injury was sustained in 97% of eyes and a shuttlecock responsible for 85% of injuries. Doubles play, the shuttlecock and a lack of eye protection were associated with eye injury.ConclusionVision impairment was associated with the majority of badminton-related eye injuries, and doubles play, the shuttlecock and a lack of eye protection were risk factors.
Addressing a gap: a qualitative analysis of Scotland’s Drowning and Incident Review process
Authors: McAvoy Carlene , Jagnoor Jagnoor , Hoe Connie 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesDrowning is a leading cause of fatalities worldwide and Scotland carries a disproportionate number of drownings compared with its UK neighbours. Drowning data captured in Scotland are often incomplete and the Drowning and Incident Review (DIR) is a new process designed to help improve the capture of data and help inform future preventative measures. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives and views of key stakeholders on the facilitators and barriers of implementing the DIR as well as areas for its future sustainability.MethodsA qualitative approach was used with in-depth interviews using key participants. Participants were identified using purposive sampling, through use of a stakeholder analysis. Participants watched a hypothetical DIR and then participated in a semistructured interview. Questions focused on DIR facilitators, barriers and areas for future sustainability. Qualitative data were then analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 14 participants took part in the study. Results found: three facilitator themes (addresses a gap, design of DIR, safe space), four barrier themes (representation, resource, legal concerns, control concerns) and four areas for future sustainability (the voluntary nature, framework agreement, political prioritisation and the human element). These themes were then discussed within this paper in relation to findings from research on similar review processes.ConclusionThe research was the first of its kind and the findings are therefore extremely important to provide a first exploration and insight into facilitators and barriers of the DIR as well as areas for its future sustainability.
Systematic review to evaluate algorithms for REBOA use in trauma and identify a consensus for patient selection
Authors: Maiga Amelia Walling , Kundi Rishi , Morrison Jonathan James , Spalding Chance , Duchesne Juan , Hunt John , Nguyen Jonathan , Benjamin Elizabeth , Moore Ernest E , Lawless Ryan , Beckett Andrew , Russo Rachel , Dennis Bradley M 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundPatient selection for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has evolved during the last decade. A recent multicenter collaboration to implement the newest generation REBOA balloon catheter identified variability in patient selection criteria. The aims of this systematic review were to compare recent REBOA patient selection guidelines and to identify current areas of consensus and variability.MethodsIn accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for REBOA patient selection in trauma. Published algorithms from 2015 to 2022 and institutional guidelines from a seven-center REBOA collaboration were compiled and synthesized.ResultsTen published algorithms and seven institutional guidelines on REBOA patient selection were included. Broad consensus exists on REBOA deployment for blunt and penetrating trauma patients with non-compressible torso hemorrhage refractory to blood product resuscitation. Algorithms diverge on precise systolic blood pressure triggers for early common femoral artery access and REBOA deployment, as well as the use of REBOA for traumatic arrest and chest or extremity hemorrhage control.ConclusionAlthough our convenience sample of institutional guidelines likely underestimates patient selection variability, broad consensus exists in the published literature regarding REBOA deployment for blunt and penetrating trauma patients with hypotension not responsive to resuscitation. Several areas of patient selection variability reflect individual practice environments.Level of evidenceLevel 5, systematic review.
Anyonic defect branes and conformal blocks in twisted equivariant differential (TED) K-theory
Authors: Sati Hisham , Schreiber Urs 
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate that twisted equivariant differential K-theory of transverse complex curves accommodates exotic charges of the form expected of codimension[Formula: see text]2 defect branes, such as of [Formula: see text]-branes in IIB/F-theory on [Formula: see text]-type orbifold singularities, but also of their dual 3-brane defects of class-S theories on M5-branes. These branes have been argued, within F-theory and the AGT correspondence, to carry special [Formula: see text]-monodromy charges not seen for other branes, at least partially reflected in conformal blocks of the [Formula: see text]-WZW model over their transverse punctured complex curve. Indeed, it has been argued that all “exotic” branes of string theory are defect branes carrying such U-duality monodromy charges — but none of these had previously been identified in the expected brane charge quantization law given by K-theory.Here we observe that it is the subtle (and previously somewhat neglected) twisting of equivariant K-theory by flat complex line bundles appearing inside orbi-singularities (“inner local systems”) that makes the secondary Chern character on a punctured plane inside an [Formula: see text]-type singularity evaluate to the twisted holomorphic de Rham cohomology which Feigin, Schechtman and Varchenko showed realizes [Formula: see text]-conformal blocks, here in degree 1 — in fact it gives the direct sum of these over all admissible fractional levels [Formula: see text]. The remaining higher-degree [Formula: see text]-conformal blocks appear similarly if we assume our previously discussed “Hypothesis H” about brane charge quantization in M-theory. Since conformal blocks — and hence these twisted equivariant secondary Chern characters — solve the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equation and thus constitute representations of the braid group of motions of defect branes inside their transverse space, this provides a concrete first-principles realization of anyon statistics of — and hence of topological quantum computation on — defect branes in string/M-theory.
The Impact of Carpal Tunnel Release on Two-Point Discrimination, Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score and Distal Motor Latency – A Multi-centre Prospective Study
Authors: KAMIYA Yukinobu , MINAMI Akio , TOJO Yasuaki , MIKAMI Yoji , IWASAKI Norimasa , SAKAI Akinori 
Published: December 2022

Background: The authors conducted a prospective, multi-centre study to assess the impact of carpal tunnel release (CTR) on Two-Point Discrimination (2-PD), Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (Q-DASH), and Distal Motor Latency (DL). The primary aim was to determine the change in outcome measurements (2-PD, Q-DASH and DL) preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months and 1 year. The secondary aims of the study were to determine whether the postoperative outcomes were different at the 6-month and 1-year follow-up and if there was difference in outcomes based on the preoperative severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: A total of 205 hands in 171 patients underwent CTR at five hospitals over a 2-year period. A total of 110 hands in 94 patients were followed-up and analysed. The 2-PD, Q-DASH and DL were measured for all patients preoperatively and at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ based on pre-operative DL score (mild ≤ 8.1 msec). The change in preoperative and postoperative 2-PD, Q-DASH and DL values were compared. The change in pre-operative and post-operative 2-PD and Q-DASH values were also compared between the ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ groups. Results: The 2-PD, Q-DASH and DL showed significant improvement at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups compared to pre-operative values. However, there were no significant differences in all three parameters between the 6-month and 1-year measurements. There was significant improvement in preoperative and postoperative 2-PD and Q-DASH scores between the mild and severe groups. Conclusions: CTR is an effective treatment for patients with CTS with significant improvement in all three outcome parameters (2-PD, Q-DASH and DL). The improvement in outcome plateaus at 6 months and additional follow-up may not be useful. Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Students Report of ACM Multimedia System 2021
Authors: Nguyen Minh , A. Lucas Torrealba , Parastar Paniz , Cetinkaya Ekrem , Bartolec Ivan , Armijo Jesus Aguilar 
Published: December 2022

The 12th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys'21) happened from September 28th through October 1st, 2021. The MMSys conference is an important forum for researchers in multimedia systems. But, due to the ongoing pandemic, the event was held in a hybrid mode - onsite in Istanbul, Turkey, and online. Organizers and chairs (Özgü Alay, Cheng-Hsin Hsu, and Ali C. Begen) worked very hard to make sure the conference was successful, both for the on-site participants (around 50) and the online participants (with a peak of 330 concurrent viewers). For a small description of the event, take a look at the text written by Ali Begen, one of the general chairs.
To encourage student authors to participate on-site, SIGMM has sponsored a group of students with Student Travel Grant Awards. Students who wanted to apply for this travel grant needed to submit an online form before the submission deadline. Then, the selection committee chose 7 travel grant winners. The selected students received either 1,000 or 2,000 USD to cover their airline tickets as well accommodation costs for this event. We asked the travel grant winners to share their unique experiences attending MMSys'21. The following are their comments.
Complex Patterns of Genomic Heterogeneity Identified in 42 Tumor Samples and ctDNA of a Pulmonary Atypical Carcinoid Patient
Authors: Robb Tamsin J. , Tsai Peter , Fitzgerald Sandra , Shields Paula , Houseman Pascalene S. , Patel Rachna , Fan Vicky , Curran Ben , Tse Rexson , Ting Jacklyn , Kramer Nicole , Woodhouse Braden J. , Coats Esther , Le Quesne Stabej Polona , Reeve Jane , Parker Kate , Lawrence Ben , Blenkiron Cherie , Print Cristin G. 
Published: December 2022

Tumor evolution underlies many challenges facing precision oncology, and improving our understanding has the potential to improve clinical care. This study represents a rare opportunity to study tumor heterogeneity and evolution in a patient with an understudied cancer type.A patient with pulmonary atypical carcinoid, a neuroendocrine tumor, metastatic to 90 sites, requested and consented to donate tissues for research. 42 tumor samples collected at rapid autopsy from 14 anatomically distinct sites were analyzed through DNA whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing, and five analyzed through linked-read sequencing. Targeted DNA sequencing was completed on two clinical tissue biopsies and one blood plasma sample.Chromosomal alterations and gene variants accumulated over time, and specific chromosomal alterations preceded the single predicted gene driver variant (ARID1A). At the time of autopsy, all sites shared the gain of one copy of Chr 5, loss of one copy of Chr 6 and 21, chromothripsis of one copy of Chr 11, and 39 small variants. Two tumor clones (carrying additional variants) were detected at metastatic sites, and occasionally in different regions of the same organ (e.g., within the pancreas). Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing detected shared tumor variants in the blood plasma and captured marked genomic heterogeneity, including all metastatic clones but few private tumor variants.This study describes genomic tumor evolution and dissemination of a pulmonary atypical carcinoid donated by a single generous patient. It highlights the critical role of chromosomal alterations in tumor initiation and explores the potential of ctDNA analysis to represent genomically heterogeneous disease.Significance:DNA sequencing data from tumor samples and blood plasma from a single patient highlighted the critical early role of chromosomal alterations in atypical carcinoid tumor development. Common tumor variants were readily detected in the blood plasma, unlike emerging tumor variants, which has implications for using ctDNA to capture cancer evolution.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Testing Experiences in a Nationwide Sample of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults, June–December 2021
Authors: Wirtz Andrea L. , Adams Dee , Poteat Tonia C. , Beckham S. Wilson , Miller Marissa , Brown Carter , Reisner Sari L. 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: COVID-19 surveillance data are rarely collected or disaggregated by gender identity in the United States. We quantified COVID-19 testing experiences and SARS-CoV-2 infection history among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people to inform testing strategies and public health responses. Methods: From June 14 through December 16, 2021, TGD adults enrolled in a US nationwide online survey with optional SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We used multinomial regression analyses to identify correlates of suspected and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (vs no known infection). We identified correlates of inability to access COVID-19 testing when needed using generalized linear models for binomial variables. Results: Participants (N = 2092) reported trans masculine (30.5%), trans feminine (27.3%), and nonbinary (42.2%) gender identities. Ten percent of respondents had a confirmed history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 29.8% had a history of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonbinary gender (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.12-2.53), experiencing homelessness (aPR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.05-2.60), and food insecurity (aPR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03-2.04) were associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Food insecurity (aPR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10-1.72), chronic physical health condition (aPR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.15-1.80), chronic mental health condition (aPR = 3.65; 95% CI, 2.40-5.56), and increased anticipated discrimination scores (aPR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05) were associated with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thirty-four percent (n = 694 of 2024) of participants reported an inability to access COVID-19 testing when needed, which was associated with Latinx or Hispanic ethnicity, inconsistent telephone access, homelessness, disability, and transportation limitations. The majority (79.4%) reported a complete COVID-19 vaccine course at the time of participation. Conclusions: Inclusion of TGD people in public health surveillance and tailored public health strategies to address TGD communities’ social and structural vulnerabilities may reduce barriers to COVID-19 testing.
Thoraflex Hybrid vs. AMDS: To replace the arch or to stent it in type A aortic dissection?
Authors: Al-Tawil Mohammed , Jubouri Matti , Tan Sven ZCP , Bailey Damian M. , Williams Ian M. , Mariscalco Giovanni , Piffaretti Gabrielle , Chen Edward P. , Velayudhan Bashi , Mohammed Idhrees , Bashir Mohamad 
Published: December 2022

Background Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires urgent surgical intervention. The mainstay surgical approach to treating ATAAD with aortic arch involvement is total arch replacement (TAR). The frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure involves TAR with hybrid endovascular stenting of the DTA in a single step using a hybrid prosthesis (HP). The prime example of a FET HP is Thoraflex Hybrid Prosthesis (THP). Another treatment option is the novel Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS) that is deployed as a non-covered stent along with the aortic arch as an adjunct to prior hemi-arch replacement. Aims This comparative review highlights the clinical applications and outcomes of THP and AMDS in the treatment of ATAAD and discusses the main differences between both approaches. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Scopus and Embase. Results TAR with FET can be considered the superior approach to managing ATAAD with arch involvement relative to AMDS with hemi-arch replacement due to more optimal clinical outcomes. Upon comprehensively searching the literature, early mortality was substantially lower with FET ranging from 0–11% compared to 12.5–18.7% using AMDS, with more favourable long-term survival. The incidence of kidney injury and new stroke post-FET ranged from 3–20% and 5–16%, and 11–37.5% and 0–18.8% following AMDS implantation. However, evidence supporting the use of AMDS is extremely limited. Meanwhile, TAR with FET is a well-established and well-described procedure for ATAAD repair. Conclusion Despite the novel nature of AMDS, its clinical safety and effectiveness are yet to be proven. In conclusion, THP remains the best evidenced-based approach to treat ATAAD in this era.