bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winter is coming? University teachers' and students' views on the value of learning English in China
Authors: Fan Hongming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChina released two new policies in 2021, the ‘double reduction’ and a Gaokao (National College Entrance Examination) regulation, which have significantly impacted English learning and Languages other than English (LOTEs) learning respectively. This has intensified the existing dispute over ‘English fever’ and made people question whether the ‘winter’ of English education in China has come. In this article, findings from a multiple‐case study exploring teachers' and students' opinions on the value of English learning in Chinese higher education are discussed under the circumstances of such new policies. This study employs the Bourdieusian approach and involves English major, non‐English major learners as well as their teachers in Yunnan and Shanghai, two socio‐economically different areas, to see diversity. The participants reported a cooling down of the ‘English fever’ in the universities and the wider society, yet an increasing demand for a higher level of English proficiency in particular industries or disciplines. The findings also demonstrate the tension between the standardised national curriculum and regionally different language needs along with the influence of an incoherent national curricula for different educational stages regarding foreign language education. This paper concludes with suggestions to modify the curriculum and teaching practices for multilingual and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) education in China as well as other English as a Foreign Language contexts.
Context and implications
Rationale for this study
The ‘double reduction’ and the new Gaokao regulation have a top‐down effect on English learning and the learning of LOTEs in China, while individual stakeholders' opinions have drawn little attention.
Why the new findings matter
This study provides a timely insight into English teachers' and learners' changes in thinking against the backdrop of recent policy changes.
Implications for English teachers and policy makers
This research revealed a trend away from the English‐only approach towards multilingual learning along with an increasing demand for ESP teaching and learning. English teachers can draw on the findings to design ESP pedagogical activities to accommodate their students' demands. This study also presents a refreshing new perspective on the curriculum by identifying the inconsistency in the national curriculum about foreign language subjects and the tension between the standardised national curriculum and regionally different language needs. Policy makers are suggested to use the findings to improve the curriculum for the greater continuity of language learning and the greater satisfaction of learners' demands.
Event‐based joint estimation for unknown inputs and states: A distributed recursive filtering method
Authors: Fu Miaomiao , Liu Shuai , Wei Guoliang , Li Hui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of distributed joint estimation for a class of discrete‐time time‐varying systems subject to random nonlinearities and unknown inputs over sensor networks. For the purpose of energy‐saving, the dynamic event‐triggering mechanism is adopted to govern the signal transmission between the sensor and the local estimator. First, some constraint conditions are introduced to decouple the unknown input to eliminate their impact. Then, by means of mathematical induction, an upper bound of the filtering error covariance is individually obtained for the state and the unknown input by solving coupled Riccati‐like difference equations. Subsequently, the matrix simplification method is adopted to tackle the sparsity problem caused by sensor networks. In addition, the required distributed estimator gains are acquired by minimizing the obtained upper bounds of filtering error covariances. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed joint estimator design scheme.
Aplasia Cutis Congenita in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Lai Hui-Jun , Lai Mei-Yan , Ma Ping-Ping , Guo Hong-Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is defined as complete or partial loss or absence of skin at birth and it can occur on any part of the body, but most commonly on the scalp. Single offspring with ACC have been reported in most case reports, but cases in twins are rarely reported. Here, we report two cases of ACC, monozygotic twin boys presented with scattered skin absence over the scalp vertex after birth. All the lesions presented as ulcers with no hair and healed with scars, otherwise, the twins were well developed mentally and physically. In addition, the whole exome sequencing of the twins and their parents might provide diagnosis and classification assistance.
Fabrication of Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Barium Hydroxide Nanocomposite as an Effective Anticancer Agent against MCF‐7 Cell Lines
Authors: Saumya  , Imtiyaz Khalid , Rizvi Moshahid A. , Nenavathu Bhavani P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride/Barium hydroxide (g‐C3N4/Ba(OH)2) nanocomposites (NCs) are synthesized using chemical precipitation method. Scanning Electron Microscopic images revealed nanoneedle‐like formation of Ba(OH)2 in addition to g‐C3N4 nanosheets. MTT assay confirmed that g‐C3N4/Ba(OH)2 NC exhibited more anticancer activity against MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line, compared to pristine Ba(OH)2 NPs. The % cytotoxicity of Ba(OH)2 NPs, g‐C3N4 (5 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs, g‐C3N4 (10 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs and g‐C3N4 (20 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs against MCF‐7 cell line was found to be 0.79 %, 22.77 %, 6.97 and 9.44 % respectively at the lowest dose of concentration 2 μg mL−1 after 24 h. At 64 μg/mL concentration, the cell viability in pristine Ba(OH)2 NPs and g‐C3N4 (10 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs were found to be 25 % and 6.38 % respectively. The corresponding IC −50 values Ba(OH)2 NPs: 3.71 μg/mL; g‐C3N4 (5 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs: 3.60 μg/mL; g‐C3N4 (10 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs: 3.26 μg/mL; g‐C3N4 (20 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs: 4.04 μg/mL are observed. The mechanism behind the killing of tumor cells by the synthesized nanocomposites is through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The hydroxyl radicals formation in the solution treated with nanocomposites is confirmed through Terephthalic acid assay.
Integrating multiple energy storage in 1D–2D bridged array carbon‐based phase change materials
Authors: Chen Xiao , Xu Jianhang , Li Yang , Gao Yan , Wang Ge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn response to global energy scarcity, frontiers in multifunctional composite phase change materials (PCMs) with photo‐/electro‐/magnetothermal triggers show great potential in multiple energy utilization. However, most available composite PCM candidates are inadequate for multiple energy storage applications simultaneously. Herein, a green synthetic route is proposed to develop bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐derived 1D–2D bridged array carbon‐based composite PCMs for simultaneous photo‐/electro‐/magnetothermal energy storage applications. As graphitization‐induced catalyst, Co nanoparticles greatly boost the formation of ZIF‐derived 1D–2D bridged array carbon framework with high graphitization and low interface electrical/thermal resistance. Benefiting from the broadband intense photon capture, fast photon/electron/phonon transport, and surface plasma resonance effect of Co nanoparticles, the resulting composite PCMs integrate advanced photo‐, electro‐, and magnetothermal storage functions. Furthermore, composite PCMs also exhibit long‐lasting shape stability, structural stability, thermal storage stability, and photo‐/electro‐/magnetothermal storage stability after undergoing multiple heating–cooling cycles. This study is promising to accelerate the major breakthroughs of advanced multifunctional carbon‐based composite PCMs toward multiple energy utilization.
ATM participates in fine particulate matter‐induced airway inflammation through regulating DNA damage and DNA damage response
Authors: Jin Yan , Li Yiting , He Shiyi , Ge Yijun , Zhao Yun , Zhu Ke , He Andong , Li Siyu , Yan Siyu , Cao Chao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and chronic airway inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, have garnered public attention, while the detailed mechanisms of PM2.5‐induced airway inflammation remain unclear. This study reveals that PM2.5 induces airway inflammation both in vivo and in vitro, and, moreover, identifies DNA damage and DNA damage repair (DDR) as results of this exposure. Ataxia telangiectasia‐mutated heterozygous (ATM+/−) and wild‐type C57BL/6 (WT) mice were exposed to PM2.5. The results show that, following exposure to PM2.5, the number of neutrophils in broncho alveolar lavage fluid and the mRNA expression of CXCL‐1 in lung tissues of the ATM+/− mice were lower than those of the WT mice. The mRNA expression of FANCD2 and FANCI were also down‐regulated. Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were transfected with ATM‐siRNA to induce down‐regulation of ATM gene expression and were subsequently stimulated with PM2.5. The results show that the mRNA expression of TNF‐α decreased in the ATM‐siRNA‐transfected cells. The mRNA expression of CXCL‐1 and CXCL‐2 in peritoneal macrophages, derived from ATM‐null mice in which experiments showed that the protein expression of FANCD2 and FANCI decreased, were also decreased after PM2.5 exposure in ATM‐siRNA‐transfected HBE cells. In conclusion, PM2.5‐induced airway inflammation is alleviated in ATM+/− mice compared with WT mice. ATM promotes PM2.5‐induced airway inflammation, which may be attributed to the regulation of DNA damage and DDR.
Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., Isolated from Steinernema Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Authors: Machado Ricardo A. R. , Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Castaneda-Alvarez Carlos , Askary Tarique Hassan , Půža Vladimir , Pagès Sylvie , Abolafia Joaquín 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree bacterial strains, XENO-2T, XENO-7T, and XENO-10T, isolated fromSteinernemaentomopathogenic nematodes, were found to represent novelXenorhabdusspecies. In this study, we describe these new species by whole-genome and whole-proteome phylogenomic reconstructions, by calculating sequence identity scores using core genome sequences, and by phenotypic characterization. Phylogenomic reconstructions using ribosomal and house-keeping genes, and whole-genome and whole-proteome sequences show that XENO-2Tand XENO-10Tare closely related toXenorhabdus japonicaDSM 16522Tand that XENO-7Tis closely related toXenorhabdus bovieniisubsp.africanaXENO-1Tand toX. bovieniisubsp.bovieniiT228T. The dDDH values between XENO-2Tand XENO-10Tand between XENO-2TandX. japonicaDSM 16522Tare 56.4 and 51.8%, respectively. The dDDH value between XENO-10TandX. japonicaDSM 16522Tis 53.4%. The dDDH values between XENO-7TandX. bovieniisubsp.africanaXENO-1Tand between XENO-7TandX. bovieniisubsp.bovieniiT228Tare 63.6 and 69.4%, respectively. These dDDH values are below the 70% divergence threshold for prokaryotic species delineation. The newly described species are highly pathogenic toG. mellonellalarvae, grow at pH between 5 and 9 (optimum 5–7), at salt concentrations of 1–3% (optimum 1–2%), and temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum 28–30 °C). Biochemical tests such as lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, gelatinase, citrate utilization, indole and acetoin production, and cytochrome oxidase tests allow to differentiate the novel species from their more closely related species. Considering these genetic and phenotypic divergencies, we propose the following new species:Xenorhabdus aichiensissp. nov. with XENO-7T(= CCM 9233T = CCOS 2024T) as the type strain,Xenorhabdus anantnagensissp. nov., with XENO-2T(= CCM 9237T = CCOS 2023T) as the type strain, andXenorhabdus yunnanensissp. nov., with XENO-10T(= CCM 9322T = CCOS 2071T) as the type strain. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of entomopathogenic bacteria associated with insect parasitic nematodes.
Processing and storage of tree fruits, cereals and pulses at PPNA Sharara, southern Jordan
Authors: Whitlam Jade , Finlayson Bill , Bogaard Amy , Charles Michael , Makarewicz Cheryl A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent excavations at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A site of Sharara (ca. 9250 calbc) in southern Jordan have yielded a rich assemblage of charred macrobotanical remains. The bulk of this assemblage was recovered from a single structure at the settlement that was destroyed by fire and which appears to have functioned as an area for processing and possibly also for storing plant foods. Among the charred plant remains recovered from this space were nearly 700 fig fruits. Based on detailed archaeobotanical and contextual analyses, we infer that these were laid out to dry on the roof of the structure when it burnt down. We also demonstrate that plant exploitation and processing strategies at Sharara focused on a range of wild cereals, pulses and tree fruits (fig and pistachio), including several taxa that are not part of the canonical ‘Neolithic founder crop package’. We discuss our findings in relation to broader understandings of pre-agricultural plant management in southwest Asia and within the southern Levant specifically.
The archerfish predictive C-start
Authors: Schuster Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA very quick decision enables hunting archerfish to secure downed prey even when they are heavily outnumbered by competing other surface-feeding fish. Based exclusively on information that is taken briefly after the onset of prey motion, the fish select a rapid C-start that turns them right towards the later point of catch. Moreover, the C-start, and not later fin strokes, already lends the fish the speed needed to arrive at just the right time. The archerfish predictive C-starts are kinematically not distinguishable from escape C-starts made by the same individual and are among the fastest C-starts known in teleost fish. The start decisions allow the fish—for ballistically falling prey—to respond accurately to any combination of the initial variables of prey movement and for any position and orientation of the responding fish. The start decisions do not show a speed–accuracy tradeoff and their accuracy is buffered against substantial changes of environmental parameters. Here, I introduce key aspects of this high-speed decision that combines speed, complexity, and precision in an unusual way.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy in pediatric malignant arterial ischemic stroke: a case-based review
Authors: Carlhan-Ledermann Audrey , Bartoli Andrea , Gebistorf Fabienne , Beghetti Maurice , Sologashvili Tornike , Rebollo Polo Monica , Fluss Joel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Malignant stroke is a life-threatening emergency, with a high mortality rate (1–3). Despite strong evidence showing decreased morbidity and mortality in the adult population, decompressive hemicraniectomy (DCH) has been scarcely reported in the pediatric stroke population, and its indication remains controversial, while it could be a potential lifesaving option.

Methods and results
We performed an extensive literature review on pediatric malignant arterial ischemic stroke (pmAIS) and selected 26 articles reporting 97 cases. Gathering the data together, a 67% mortality rate is observed without decompressive therapy, contrasting with a 95.4% survival rate with it. The median modified Rankin score (mRS) is 2.1 after surgery with a mean follow-up of 31.8 months. For the 33% of children who survived without surgery, the mRS is 3 at a mean follow-up of 19 months. As an illustrative case, we report on a 2-year-old girl who presented a cardioembolic right middle cerebral artery stroke with subsequent malignant edema and ongoing cerebral transtentorial herniation in the course of a severe myocarditis requiring ECMO support. A DCH was done 32 h after symptom onset. At the age of 5 years, she exhibits an mRS of 3.

Conclusion
Pediatric stroke with malignant edema is a severe condition with high mortality rate if left untreated and often long-lasting consequences. DCH might minimize the vicious circle of cerebral swelling, increasing intracranial pressure and brain ischemia. Our literature review underscores DCH as an efficient therapeutic measure management of pmAIS even when performed after a significant delay; however, long-lasting morbidities remain high.
Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-aided capsule endoscopy (TOP100) in overt small bowel bleeding
Authors: Giordano Antonio , Escapa Miriam , Urpí-Ferreruela Miquel , Casanova Gherzon , Fernández-Esparrach Gloria , Ginès Àngels , Llach Josep , González-Suárez Begoña 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the first-choice exploration in case of overt small bowel bleeding (SBB). An early CE is known to increase diagnostic yield, but long reading times may delay therapeutics. The study evaluates the diagnostic performance of the artificial intelligence tool TOP100 in patients with overt SBB undergoing early CE with Pillcam SB3.

Methods
Patients who underwent early CE (up to 14 days from the bleeding episode) for suspected overt SBB were included. One experienced endoscopist prospectively performed standard reading (SR) and a second blind experienced endoscopist performed a TOP100-based reading (TR). The primary endpoint was TR diagnostic accuracy for lesions with high bleeding potential (P2).

Results
A total of 111 patients were analyzed. The most common clinical presentation was melena (64%). CE showed angiodysplasias in 40.5% of patients (45/111). In per-patient analysis, TR showed a sensitivity of 90.48% (95% CI 82.09–95.80), specificity of 100% (95% CI 87.23–100) with a PPV of 100% (95% CI 94.01–100), NPV of 77.14% (95% CI 63.58–86.71) and diagnostic accuracy of 92.79 (86.29–96.84). At multivariate analysis, adequate intestinal cleansing was the only independent predictor of concordance between TR and SR (OR 2.909, p = 0.019). The median reading time for SR and TR was 23 min (18.0–26.8) and 1.9 min (range 1.7–2.1), respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
TOP100 provides a fast-reading mode for early CE in case of overt small bowel bleeding. It identifies most patients with active bleeding and angiodysplasias, aiding in the prioritization of therapeutic procedures. However, its accuracy in detecting ulcers, varices and P1 lesions seems insufficient.

Graphical abstract
Bilateral Asymmetry in Knee and Hip Musculoskeletal Loading During Stair Ascending/Descending in Individuals with Unilateral Mild-to-Moderate Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Sirui , Amiri Pouya , McGregor Alison H. , Bull Anthony M. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost cases of unilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) progress to bilateral OA within 10 years. Biomechanical asymmetries have been implicated in contralateral OA development; however, gait analysis alone does not consistently detect asymmetries in OA patient gait. Stair ambulation is a more demanding activity that may be more suited to reveal between-leg asymmetries in OA patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the between-leg biomechanical differences in patients with unilateral mild-to-moderate knee OA. Sixteen unilateral mild-to-moderate medial knee OA patients and 16 healthy individuals underwent kinematic and kinetic analysis of stair ascent and descent. Stair ascent produced higher loading and muscle forces in the unaffected limb compared to the OA limb, and stair descent produced lower loading on the OA limb compared to healthy subjects. These biomechanical differences were apparent in the ankle, knee, and hip joints. The implications of these findings are that OA patients rely more heavily on their unaffected sides than the affected side in stair ascent, a strategy that may be detrimental to the unaffected joint health. The reduction in affected limb loading in stair descent is thought to be related to minimizing pain.
Charitable food provision as a strategic action field: introducing a meso-level perspective on food support organizing
Authors: Oncini Filippo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBuilding on 42 semi-structured interviews with directors and stakeholders of food charities based in Greater Manchester (UK), alongside online data and Factiva references trends, I argue that the charitable food provision (CFP) sector can be effectively conceptualized as a strategic action field (SAF). To do so, I first focus on the shared rules, understandings and practices characterising the organizations that belong to the field and on the broader field environment that imposes constraints and provides opportunities to the field actors. Subsequently, I examine the characteristics of five particularly relevant charities to describe the social positions and position-takings of the incumbent, the challengers and the group I refer to as sideliners of the field. Hence, I briefly touch upon the Covid-19 outbreak as an exogenous shock to discuss the effect of the campaign carried out by a ‘socially skilled actor’ - football player Marcus Rashford. I conclude by suggesting future research directions to enhance the application of SAF theory as a tool for investigating food support organizing within and across countries.
Clothing and the Discovery of Science
Authors: Gilligan Ian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn addition to natural curiosity, science is characterized by a number of psychological processes and perceptions. Among the psychological features, scientific enquiry relates to uncovering—or discovering—aspects of a world perceived as hidden from humans. A speculative theoretical model is presented, suggesting the evolution of science reflects psychological repercussions of wearing clothes. Specifically, the natural world is perceived as hidden due to the presence of clothing. Three components of scientific enquiry may arise from clothing: detachment from sensual experience, a perception that the world is veiled in mystery, and an intellectual desire to uncover the hidden structure of nature. Rather than beginning with the emergence of Homo sapiens, the proposed connection with clothing implies that psychological foundations for science began to develop during the last ice age, with the invention of complex clothes that fully covered the human body. After the end of the last ice age, elements of scientific thinking began to emerge in societies where clothing was worn routinely for psychosocial reasons, including modesty. Notably, a scientific attitude was essentially absent in hunter-gatherer communities where nakedness remained the norm. This novel perspective aims to advance the history and philosophy of science, revealing the emergence of science as a situated phenomenon contingent on humans being covered.