bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using probiotics in paediatric populations
Authors: Schneider Rilla , Sant’Anna Ana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This statement defines probiotics and reviews the most recent literature on their use in paediatrics. Many studies have examined the potential benefit of probiotics, but significant variation in the strains and doses of probiotics used, the patient populations studied, and in study design, have led to heterogeneous results. Present evidence suggests that probiotics can decrease mortality and lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates. Probiotics may also be beneficial in reducing feeding intolerance. In infants, probiotics may be considered to reduce symptoms of colic. In older children, probiotics can be considered to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Probiotic supplements used in conjunction with standard therapy can help with Helicobacter pylori eradication and decrease the side effects of treatment. Lactobacillus species can be considered to treat irritable bowel syndrome. Probiotics can also be considered to help prevent atopic dermatitis and eczema. To optimize paediatric policy and practice, large, quality studies are needed to determine what types and combinations of probiotics are most efficacious.
The diversity of substrates for plant respiration and how to optimize their use
Authors: Le Xuyen H , Millar A Harvey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant respiration is a foundational biological process with the potential to be optimized to improve crop yield. To understand and manipulate the outputs of respiration, the inputs of respiration—respiratory substrates—need to be probed in detail. Mitochondria house substrate catabolic pathways and respiratory machinery, so transport into and out of these organelles plays an important role in committing substrates to respiration. The large number of mitochondrial carriers and catabolic pathways that remain unidentified hinder this process and lead to confusion about the identity of direct and indirect respiratory substrates in plants. The sources and usage of respiratory substrates vary and are increasing found to be highly regulated based on cellular processes and environmental factors. This review covers the use of direct respiratory substrates following transport through mitochondrial carriers and catabolism under normal and stressed conditions. We suggest the introduction of enzymes not currently found in plant mitochondria to enable serine and acetate to be direct respiratory substrates in plants. We also compare respiratory substrates by assessing energetic yields, availability in cells, and their full or partial oxidation during cell catabolism. This information can assist in decisions to use synthetic biology approaches to alter the range of respiratory substrates in plants. As a result, respiration could be optimized by introducing, improving, or controlling specific mitochondrial transporters and mitochondrial catabolic pathways.
Abscisic acid increases hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria to facilitate stomatal closure
Authors: Postiglione Anthony E , Muday Gloria K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) drives stomatal closure to minimize water loss due to transpiration in response to drought. We examined the subcellular location of ABA-increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in guard cells, which drive stomatal closure, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ABA-dependent increases in fluorescence of the generic ROS sensor, dichlorofluorescein (DCF), were observed in mitochondria, chloroplasts, cytosol, and nuclei. The ABA response in all these locations was lost in an ABA-insensitive quintuple receptor mutant. The ABA-increased fluorescence in mitochondria of both DCF- and an H2O2-selective probe, Peroxy Orange 1, colocalized with Mitotracker Red. ABA treatment of guard cells transformed with the genetically encoded H2O2 reporter targeted to the cytoplasm (roGFP2-Orp1), or mitochondria (mt-roGFP2-Orp1), revealed H2O2 increases. Consistent with mitochondrial ROS changes functioning in stomatal closure, we found that guard cells of a mutant with mitochondrial defects, ABA overly sensitive 6 (abo6), have elevated ABA-induced ROS in mitochondria and enhanced stomatal closure. These effects were phenocopied with rotenone, which increased mitochondrial ROS. In contrast, the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, dampened ABA effects on mitochondrial ROS accumulation and stomatal closure in Col-0 and reversed the guard cell closure phenotype of the abo6 mutant. ABA-induced ROS accumulation in guard cell mitochondria was lost in mutants in genes encoding respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) enzymes and reduced by treatment with the RBOH inhibitor, VAS2870, consistent with RBOH machinery acting in ABA-increased ROS in guard cell mitochondria. These results demonstrate that ABA elevates H2O2 accumulation in guard cell mitochondria to promote stomatal closure.
Dark accumulation of downstream glycolytic intermediates initiates robust photosynthesis in cyanobacteria
Authors: Tanaka Kenya , Shirai Tomokazu , Vavricka Christopher J , Matsuda Mami , Kondo Akihiko , Hasunuma Tomohisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotosynthesis must maintain stability and robustness throughout fluctuating natural environments. In cyanobacteria, dark-to-light transition leads to drastic metabolic changes from dark respiratory metabolism to CO2 fixation through the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle using energy and redox equivalents provided by photosynthetic electron transfer. Previous studies have shown that catabolic metabolism supports the smooth transition into CBB cycle metabolism. However, metabolic mechanisms for robust initiation of photosynthesis are poorly understood due to lack of dynamic metabolic characterizations of dark-to-light transitions. Here, we show rapid dynamic changes (on a time scale of seconds) in absolute metabolite concentrations and 13C tracer incorporation after strong or weak light irradiation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Integration of this data enabled estimation of time-resolved nonstationary metabolic flux underlying CBB cycle activation. This dynamic metabolic analysis indicated that downstream glycolytic intermediates, including phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate, accumulate under dark conditions as major substrates for initial CO2 fixation. Compared with wild-type Synechocystis, significant decreases in the initial oxygen evolution rate were observed in 12 h dark preincubated mutants deficient in glycogen degradation or oxidative pentose phosphate pathways. Accordingly, the degree of decrease in the initial oxygen evolution rate was proportional to the accumulated pool size of glycolytic intermediates. These observations indicate that the accumulation of glycolytic intermediates is essential for efficient metabolism switching under fluctuating light environments.
Evaluation of the agreement between the ACR 1990 fibromyalgia tender points and an enthesitis score in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Hamitouche Faten , Lopez-Medina Clementina , Gossec Laure , Perrot Serge , Dougados Maxime , Moltó Anna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Coexistence of FM represents a challenge in the evaluation of enthesitis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) due to a possible overlap between the tender points (TP) due to enthesitis and those of FM. The objective was to assess the agreement between the MASES enthesitis score and the tender points of the ACR 1990 criteria in patients with axSpA.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional ancillary analysis of the Predict-SpA study (NCT03039088). Patients had a diagnosis of axSpA according to their rheumatologist and an indication to start a TNFα blocker. All patients were screened for FM according to the FiRST questionnaire. A physician was asked to assess 31 anatomically described sites in a random order without knowing to which instrument the site belonged (i.e. the 18 ACR 1990 TP and the 13 MASES sites). Agreement between the MASES and the ACR 1990 TPs by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), also stratified by the presence/absence of concomitant FM according to the FiRST.

Results
Among the 526 patients, 53% were men and 202 (38%) had FM. Radiographic sacroiliitis and MRI sacroiliitis were present in 56% and 68% patients, respectively. Patients were mostly men (53.4%) with radiographic and MRI sacroiliitis in 56% and 68% patients, respectively. Mean number of ACR 1990 TP was 5.4 (s.d. 4.6) and mean MASES was 4.2 (s.d. 3.6). ICC between both scores was 0.7 [95% CI (0.6, 0.8)]. ICC between both scores was 0.6 [95% CI (0.3, 0.8)] and 0.7 [95% CI (0.6, 0.7)] for patients with and without FM, respectively.

Conclusion
These results suggest a significant overlap between both scores in patients with axSpA, including in those without concomitant FM.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03039088
Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for monogenic autoinflammatory diseases presenting with recurrent fevers among adults
Authors: Delplanque Marion , Fayand Antoine , Boursier Guilaine , Grateau Gilles , Savey Léa , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are defined as disorders of innate immunity. They were initially defined in contrast to autoimmune diseases because of the lack of involvement of the adaptive immune system and circulating autoantibodies. The four monogenic AIDs first described are called the ‘historical’ AIDs and include FMF (associated with MEFV mutations), cryopyrinopathies (associated with NLRP3 mutations), TNF receptor–associated periodic syndrome (associated with TNFRSF1A mutations) and mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD; associated with MVK mutations). In the last 10 years, &gt;50 new monogenic AIDs have been discovered due to genetic advances. The most important discovery for adult patients is VEXAS syndrome associated with somatic UBA1 mutations leading to an AID affecting mostly elderly men. Diagnosis of monogenic AIDs is based on personal and family history and detailed analysis of symptoms associated with febrile attacks in the context of elevated peripheral inflammatory markers. This review proposes a practical approach for the diagnosis of the main monogenic AIDs among adult patients.
A Phosphate Uptake System Is Required for Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines Virulence in Soybean
Authors: Sattrapai Nutthakan , Chaiprom Usawadee , Lindow Steven E. , Chatnaparat Tiyakhon 
Published: December 2022

The genes encoding the phosphate uptake system in Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines 12-2 were previously found to be upregulated when in soybean leaves. This study thus explored the role of the phosphate uptake system on its virulence to soybean. While phoB and pstSCAB mutants were greatly impaired in both inciting disease symptoms and growth in soybean, the virulence and growth in soybean of a phoU mutant was not reduced when compared with the wild-type strain. The expression of phoB and pstSCAB was highly induced in phosphate-deficient media. In addition, the expression of phoB, assessed with a fusion to a promoterless ice nucleation reporter gene, was greatly increased in soybean leaves, confirming that the soybean apoplast is a phosphorus-limited habitat for X. citri pv. glycines. Global gene expression profiles of phoB and phoU mutants of X. citri pv. glycines conducted under phosphate-limitation conditions in vitro, using RNA-seq, revealed that PhoB positively regulated genes involved in signal transduction, the xcs cluster type II secretion system, cell motility, and chemotaxis, while negatively regulating cell wall and membrane biogenesis, DNA replication and recombination and repair, and several genes with unknown function. PhoU also positively regulated the same genes involved in cell motility and chemotaxis. The severity of bacterial pustule disease was decreased in soybean plants grown under high phosphate fertilization conditions, demonstrating that high phosphate availability in soybean plants can affect infection by X. citri pv. glycines by modulation of the expression of phosphate uptake systems. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
A curious case of a blue finger
Authors: Trotter Kristine , Espinosa James , Lucerna Alan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
This article describes an unusual presentation of a blue finger in a middle-aged woman with no significant past medical history. The patient was diagnosed with Achenbach syndrome, a rare condition that is generally considered transient and benign. The underlying pathophysiology of this condition is unclear, but may be related to transient subcutaneous ecchymosis, possibly from microtrauma. If the condition recurs, a workup can include laboratory tests for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Clinician awareness of this presentation may reduce patient anxiety and unnecessary testing.
Early identification of Lyme disease complications
Authors: Eckenrode Kristin 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Complications of Lyme disease including Lyme arthritis, Lyme carditis, and Lyme neuroborreliosis, typically occur during the early disseminated and late phases of the disease. Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion so they can recognize and treat complications promptly. Early treatment with appropriate antibiotics often leads to improved clinical outcomes.
Which four medication classes have important pharmacogenetic considerations?
Authors: Smith Susan M. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Medications often are prescribed without knowledge of a patient's pharmacogenetic profile. Initial therapy may require subsequent modification due to adverse reactions or lack of efficacy. Although many variables, including changes in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or patient nonadherence, may account for these outcomes, information about a patient's ability to metabolize or transport drugs across membranes may be used to optimize therapy, resulting in improved medication outcomes.
New Zealand PA profession gains momentum with regulation in sight
Authors: deWolfe Lisa Fitzgerald 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
This article offers an update on physician associate (PA) growth and development in the New Zealand healthcare system. New Zealand has a shortage of healthcare workers and PAs offer a solution. Regulation is in process and will allow a full scope of practice for PAs. A New Zealand-based PA training program also is being considered when regulation has progressed.
35th Annual APRN Legislative Update
Authors: Haney Beth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) continue to make history by being at the forefront of legislative victories that have culminated in increased patient access to care. Modernization of APRN practice in various states, some influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in easing of regulations, including those relating to supervision, collaboration, license renewal, and portability, in reduced and restricted practice settings.
Autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Harmison Lauren E. , Beckham James W. , Adelman Deborah S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Patients with traumatic spinal cord injury have a vast array of secondary pathophysiologic effects, one of which is autonomic dysreflexia (AD). It can be triggered by noxious stimuli and cause severe and fatal consequences that require rapid intervention. This article examines AD and its implications for nursing care.
Creating a friendly healthcare environment for LGBTQIA+ patients
Authors: Bingham Karilee W. , Heavey Elizabeth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Persons who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) are diverse in gender, gender identification, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. They face unique disparities in healthcare. This article discusses how to create a welcoming healthcare environment for these individuals.
Seasonal Variation of Pediatric Septic Arthritis in the United States: A PHIS Database Study
Authors: Patankar Aneesh G. , Coene Ryan P. , Cook Danielle L. , Feldman Lanna , Hannon Megan , Yen Yi-Meng , Milewski Matthew D. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The presence of seasonal patterns in pediatric septic arthritis cases is a common orthopaedic teaching. Seasonal variation has been seen in centers outside of the United States and with other inflammatory and infectious joint-related conditions within the country, but it is unknown if a seasonal pattern exists among different regions of the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the seasonal variation of septic arthritis within specific regions across the United States.

Methods:
The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried for all patients 19 years or younger who were treated for septic arthritis. Data from 34 pediatric hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System initiative were included. Centers were organized by geographical region, and season of presentation was determined using equinoxes/solstices. χ2 tests were performed to detect seasonal differences in septic arthritis for the entire cohort and separated by geographical region. Proportion differences along with 95% CIs were provided.

Results:
Between 2016 and 2019, there were 5764 cases of septic arthritis. Median age at diagnosis was 6.2 years (range: 0 to 19.0 y). Each season contributed 24% to 25% of the total septic arthritis cases, and there were no significant differences detected between the 4 seasons (P=0.66). There was no seasonal variation seen in the Midwest, South, or West (P=0.71, 0.98, 0.36, respectively). However, there was seasonal variation in the Northeast (P=0.05), with fall and summer having a higher percentage of cases (28%) than the winter (21%).

Conclusions:
This study showed no clear seasonal variation in septic arthritis in children across the United States using a national database of pediatric hospital centers. However, there is regional seasonal variation in the Northeast, which may relate to climate differences. With no clear seasonal variation across the United States, continued diligence is needed in diagnosing septic arthritis throughout the year.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic II.
Heart-Focused Anxiety Is Prevalent in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease and Associated With Reduced Exercise Capacity
Authors: Willinger Laura , Hock Julia , Hager Alfred , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Ewert Peter , Müller Jan 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
Psychological distress and anxiety are increased among adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, heart-focused anxiety (HFA) and its impact on peak oxygen uptake (V˙o
2peak) have not yet been studied in this patient cohort. This study investigates HFA in adults with CHD and whether HFA is associated with V˙o
2peak in these patients.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, HFA was assessed in 984 adults with various CHD (34.2 ± 11.2 yr, 44% female) by the cardiac anxiety questionnaire. In 708 of those (33.5 ± 10.6 yr, 42% female), additional cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to assess exercise capacity by measurement of V˙o
2peak.

Results:
Compared with the general population, this adult CHD population showed higher HFA in the total cardiac anxiety questionnaire score (z score; 1.32 ± 1.17; P < .001), as well as in the three subdomains anxiety, avoidance, and attention (all P < .001). The higher the HFA, the lower was the V˙o
2peak % predicted (r = −0.280, P < .001) independent of CHD diagnosis, CHD severity, and surgical status. The V˙o
2peak % predicted significantly differed between patients with no (85.9 ± 18.4% predicted), slight (80.4 ± 18.4% predicted), and severe HFA (74.2 ± 18.4% predicted) independent of CHD diagnosis, CHD severity, and surgical status (P < .001).

Conclusion:
This study shows that HFA is a common sequela in adults with CHD, and high HFA is associated with reduced V˙o
2peak. Psychological screening and counseling for HFA therefore seem indicated in the aftercare of adults with CHD.
Reliability and agreement of apparent chord mu measurements between static and dynamic evaluations
Authors: Martínez-Plaza Elena , Marcos Mario , López-de la Rosa Alberto , López-Miguel Alberto , Maldonado Miguel J. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To assess the repeatability and agreement of Cartesian coordinates and the length of apparent chord mu and pupil diameter measurements during static (Galilei G4) and dynamic (Topolyzer Vario) evaluations.

Setting:
IOBA-Eye Institute, Valladolid, Spain.

Design:
Case series.

Methods:
3 consecutive measurements per scenario (Galilei G4 and Topolyzer Vario under low mesopic and photopic conditions) were performed by the same clinician. The intrasession repeatability was assessed using the within-subject SD (Sw), the precision, the coefficient of variation, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement was analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Bland-Altman method.

Results:
Thirty-seven healthy participants were recruited. The Sw values for chord mu parameters and pupil diameter ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 and 0.08 to 0.21, respectively. The ICC was ≥0.89 for all parameters. Galilei G4 and Topolyzer Vario under low mesopic and photopic conditions provided significantly different measures of apparent chord mu length (0.23 ± 0.11 mm, 0.30 ± 0.10 mm, and 0.25 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, P ≤ .02), X-coordinate (−0.18 ± 0.12 mm, −0.27 ± 0.11 mm, and −0.21 ± 0.12 mm, respectively, P < .001), and pupil diameter (3.38 ± 0.50 mm, 6.29 ± 0.60 mm, and 3.04 ± 0.41 mm, respectively, P < .001). Y-coordinate values obtained by Galilei G4 and Topolyzer Vario under low mesopic conditions were significantly different (0.06 ± 0.13 mm vs 0.03 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, P = .02), in contrast to Galilei G4 and Topolyzer Vario under photopic conditions (0.05 ± 0.13 mm, P = .82) and both illumination conditions of Topolyzer Vario (P ≥ .23).

Conclusions:
Galilei G4 and Topolyzer Vario provide consistent measurements of apparent chord mu Cartesian coordinates and length, as well as pupil diameter; however, the measurements are not interchangeable. Ophthalmic surgeons should consider these findings when planning customized intraocular lens implantation and refractive surgery procedures.