bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Testing Banks’ Digital Capabilities: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kwan Alan , Lin Chen , Pursiainen Vesa , Tai Mingzhu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBanks’ information technology (IT) capabilities affect their ability to serve customers during the COVID-19 pandemic, which generates an unexpected and unprecedented shock that shifts banking services from in-person to digital. Amid mobility restrictions, banks with better IT experience larger reductions in physical branch visits and larger increases in website traffic, implying a larger shift to digital banking. Stronger IT banks are able to originate more Paycheck Protection Program loans to small business borrowers, especially in areas with more severe COVID-19 outbreaks, higher internet use, and higher bank competition. Those banks also attract more deposit flows and receive better mobile customer reviews during the pandemic.
Factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes of maternal syphilis in Henan, China, 2016–2022
Authors: Zhang Meng , Qu Huimin , Xu Feng , Xia Junfen , Hui Xiaoqing , Zhang Hongyan , Shi Cannan , He Junjian , Cao Yuan , Hu Mengcai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Maternal syphilis not only seriously affects the quality of life of pregnant women themselves but also may cause various adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). This study aimed to analyse the association between the related factors and APOs in maternal syphilis. 7,030 pregnant women infected with syphilis in Henan Province between January 2016 and December 2022 were selected as participants. Information on their demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment status, and pregnancy outcomes was collected. Multivariate logistic regression models and chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree models were used to analyse the factors associated with APOs. The multivariate logistic regression results showed that the syphilis infection history (OR = 1.207, 95% CI, 1.035–1.409), the occurrence of abnormality during pregnancy (OR = 5.001, 95% CI, 4.203–5.951), not receiving standard treatment (OR = 1.370, 95% CI, 1.095–1.716), not receiving any treatment (OR = 1.313, 95% CI, 1.105–1.559), and a titre ≥1:8 at diagnosis (OR = 1.350, 95%CI, 1.079–1.690) and before delivery (OR = 1.985, 95%CI, 1.463–2.694) were risk factors. A total of six influencing factors of APOs in syphilis-infected women were screened using the CHAID decision tree model. Integrated prevention measures such as early screening, scientific eugenics assessment, and standard syphilis treatment are of great significance in reducing the incidence of APOs for pregnant women infected with syphilis.
From simple row of dots to the rain god calendar: Interpretation of the pecked cross petroglyph from the Late Postclassic Tetzcotzinco
Authors: Prusaczyk Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article presents and analyzes a newly discovered petroglyph from Tetzcotzinco (mun. Texcoco, Mexico) in the form of arranged pecked dots. Based on what is known about Mesoamerican divinatory systems, calendars, and the perception of space, the interpretation takes into account both the encoded numerical values and the layout of the dots. The main argument is that this and similar representations’ function was not limited to simple counting of days or serving as a kind of astronomical marker, in which the arms of the cross indicated, for example, equinoxes, which is by far their most common interpretation in academic literature. Instead, it represented calendrical cycles through the numbers, as suggested by some scholars. Based on this hypothesis, the article explores the possible connection between numbers registered in Tetzcotzinco's “pecked cross” and specific diagrams from indigenous divinatory books. Therefore, the plausible interpretation of the symbolism of this petroglyph is that it either expressed a series of meanings related to the agrarian period(s) and rain god(s) or less-known Mesoamerican calendrical cycles, such as half trecenas or seven- and nine-day periods.
The role of oral vocabulary when L2 speakers read novel words: A complex word training study
Authors: Behzadnia Ali , Wegener Signy , Bürki Audrey , Beyersmann Elisabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present study asked whether oral vocabulary training can facilitate reading in a second language (L2). Fifty L2 speakers of English received oral training over three days on complex novel words, with predictable and unpredictable spellings, composed of novel stems and existing suffixes (i.e.,vishing,vishes,vished). After training, participants read the novel word stems for the first time (i.e., trained and untrained), embedded in sentences, and their eye movements were monitored. The eye-tracking data revealed shorter looking times for trained than untrained stems, and for stems with predictable than unpredictable spellings. In contrast to monolingual speakers of English, the interaction between training and spelling predictability was not significant, suggesting that L2 speakers did not generate orthographic skeletons that were robust enough to affect their eye-movement behaviour when seeing the trained novel words for the first time in print.
Conflict or Coordination? The Spatiotemporal Relationship Between Humans and Nature on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liu Haimeng , Cheng Yi , Liu Zhifeng , Li Qirui , Zhang Haiyan , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs the Earth's Third Pole and the Asian water tower, the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) plays a key role in global climate regulation and biodiversity maintenance. Living in harmony with nature is vital for local and global sustainable development. Current research on the conflicted or coordinated relationship between humans and nature on the QTP at a fine spatial scale remains limited. To fill the gap, we developed the human activity intensity index (HAI) and eco‐environmental quality index (EQI) at 1‐km resolution and proposed a four‐quadrant diagram approach to explore the dynamics between them. The results show a coordinated development on the QTP as the HAI and EQI both increased from 2000 to 2020, and the ratio of coordinated areas to conflicted areas was 5:1. High HAI areas were mainly in big cities such as Xining, Lhasa, Haidong, Xigaze, and along traffic lines. The significant conflicted areas were mainly outside the Lhasa metropolitan, south of the Hengduan Mountains, and along some new roads, and reduced by 8% between 2000–2010 and 2010–2020. The area of high HAI but low EQI was the smallest proportion, mainly in southern Qinghai Lake, southern Brahlung Zangbo River, Gobi oases, and western transport lines, but it implies the highest risk of ecosystem degradation. This research expands the fundamental methodology to address complex human‐natural relationships and provides implications for the sustainable development of fragile ecosystems.
Robust Weakening of the Gulf Stream During the Past Four Decades Observed in the Florida Straits
Authors: Piecuch Christopher G. , Beal Lisa M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Gulf Stream is a vital limb of the North Atlantic circulation that influences regional climate, sea level, and hurricane activity. Given the Gulf Stream's relevance to weather and climate, many studies have attempted to estimate trends in its volumetric transport from various data sets, but results have been inconclusive, and no consensus has emerged whether it is weakening with climate change. Here we use Bayesian analysis to jointly assimilate multiple observational data sets from the Florida Straits to quantify uncertainty and change in Gulf Stream volume transport since 1982. We find with virtual certainty (probability P > 99%) that Gulf Stream volume transport through the Florida Straits declined by 1.2 ± 1.0 Sv in the past 40 years (95% credible interval). This significant trend has emerged from the data set only over the past ten years, the first unequivocal evidence for a recent multidecadal decline in this climate‐relevant component of ocean circulation.
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) oncolysis using coxsackievirus B5 and synergistic DNA-damage response inhibitors
Authors: Cui Bopei , Song Lifang , Wang Qian , Li Kelei , He Qian , Wu Xing , Gao Fan , Liu Mingchen , An Chaoqiang , Gao Qiushuang , Hu Chaoying , Hao Xiaotian , Dong Fangyu , Zhou Jiuyue , Liu Dong , Song Ziyang , Yan Xujia , Zhang Jialu , Bai Yu , Mao Qunying , Yang Xiaoming , Liang Zhenglun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the continuous in-depth study of the interaction mechanism between viruses and hosts, the virus has become a promising tool in cancer treatment. In fact, many oncolytic viruses with selectivity and effectiveness have been used in cancer therapy. Human enterovirus is one of the most convenient sources to generate oncolytic viruses, however, the high seroprevalence of some enteroviruses limits its application which urges to exploit more oncolytic enteroviruses. In this study, coxsackievirus B5/Faulkner (CV-B5/F) was screened for its potential oncolytic effect against non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) through inducing apoptosis and autophagy. For refractory NSCLCs, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) or ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) inhibitors can synergize with CV-B5/F to promote refractory cell death. Here, we showed that viral infection triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pro-apoptosis and autophagy signals, whereas repair for double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) contributed to cell survival which can be antagonized by inhibitor-induced cell death, manifesting exacerbated DSBs, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mechanistically, PERK pathway was activated by the combination of CV-B5/F and inhibitor, and the irreversible ER stress-induced exacerbated cell death. Furthermore, the degradation of activated STING by ERphagy promoted viral replication. Meanwhile, no treatment-related deaths due to CV-B5/F and/or inhibitors occurred. Conclusively, our study identifies an oncolytic CV-B5/F and the synergistic effects of inhibitors of DNA-PK or ATM, which is a potential therapy for NSCLCs.
Inflammasome activation occurs in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Talley Sarah , Rademacher David J. , Campbell Edward M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA severe complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a reaction that occurs following the transfer of donor immune cells (the graft) into an allogeneic host. Transplanted cells recognize host alloantigens as foreign, resulting in the activation of donor T cells and migration of these pathological cells into host tissues. In this study, we found that caspase-1 is activated in alloreactive murine and human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells early during acute GvHD (aGvHD). The presence of inflammasome-bound active caspase-1 (p33) and ASC-speck formation confirmed inflammasome activation in these cells. We further measured gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage and IL-18 secretion from alloreactive T cells ex vivo. Isolated T cells with high levels of active caspase-1 had a strong inflammatory transcriptional signature and a metabolic phenotype similar to inflammatory myeloid cells, including the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. We also observed oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death phenotypes consistent with inflammatory cell death in alloreactive T cells. For the first time, this study characterizes caspase-1 activation in transplanted T cells during aGvHD, using mouse and human models, adding to a body of literature supporting inflammasome function in cells of the adaptive immune system.
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor suppresses renal injury in rats with renal congestion
Authors: Endo Akari , Hirose Takuo , Sato Shigemitsu , Ito Hiroki , Takahashi Chika , Ishikawa Risa , Kamada Ayaka , Oba-Yabana Ikuko , Kimura Tomoyoshi , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Mori Takefumi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRenal congestion is an issue of cardiorenal syndrome in patients with heart failure. Recent clinical and basic studies suggest a renoprotective potential of sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors. However, the effect on renal congestion and its mechanism is not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to clarify the effect of SGLT inhibition in a renal congestion model. Renal congestion was induced in the left kidney of male Sprague-Dawley rats by ligation of the inferior vena cava between the renal veins. The SGLT2 inhibitor tofogliflozin or vehicle was orally administered daily from the day before IVC ligation until two days after surgery. On the third postoperative day, both the right control kidney and the left congested kidney were harvested and analyzed. Kidney weight and water content was increased, and renal injury and fibrosis were observed in the left congested kidney. Kidney weight gain and hydration were improved with tofogliflozin treatment. Additionally, this treatment effectively reduced renal injury and fibrosis, particularly in the renal cortex. SGLT2 expression was observed in the congested kidney, but suppressed in the damaged tubular cells. Molecules associated with inflammation were increased in the congested kidney and reversed by tofogliflozin treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction provoked by renal congestion was also improved by tofogliflozin treatment. Tofogliflozin protects against renal damage induced by renal congestion. SGLT2 inhibitors could be a candidate strategy for renal impairment associated with heart failure.
A Glycolipidated-liposomal peptide vaccine confers long-term mucosal protection against Streptococcus pyogenes via IL-17, macrophages and neutrophils
Authors: Ozberk Victoria , Zaman Mehfuz , Lepletier Ailin , Eskandari Sharareh , Kaden Jacqualine , Mills Jamie-Lee , Calcutt Ainslie , Dooley Jessica , Huo Yongbao , Langshaw Emma L. , Ulett Glen C. , Batzloff Michael R. , Good Michael F. , Pandey Manisha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMucosally active subunit vaccines are an unmet clinical need due to lack of licensed immunostimulants suitable for vaccine antigens. Here, we show that intranasal administration of liposomes incorporating: the Streptococcus pyogenes peptide antigen, J8; diphtheria toxoid as a source of T cell help; and the immunostimulatory glycolipid, 3D(6-acyl) PHAD (PHAD), is able to induce long-lived humoral and cellular immunity. Mice genetically deficient in either mucosal antibodies or total antibodies are protected against S. pyogenes respiratory tract infection. Utilizing IL-17-deficient mice or depleting cellular subsets using antibodies, shows that the cellular responses encompassing, CD4+ T cells, IL-17, macrophages and neutrophils have important functions in vaccine-mediated mucosal immunity. Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of a mucosal vaccine platform to deliver multi-pronged protective responses against a highly virulent pathogen.
Evolutionary signatures of human cancers revealed via genomic analysis of over 35,000 patients
Authors: Fontana Diletta , Crespiatico Ilaria , Crippa Valentina , Malighetti Federica , Villa Matteo , Angaroni Fabrizio , De Sano Luca , Aroldi Andrea , Antoniotti Marco , Caravagna Giulio , Piazza Rocco , Graudenzi Alex , Mologni Luca , Ramazzotti Daniele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecurring sequences of genomic alterations occurring across patients can highlight repeated evolutionary processes with significant implications for predicting cancer progression. Leveraging the ever-increasing availability of cancer omics data, here we unveil cancer’s evolutionary signatures tied to distinct disease outcomes, representing “favored trajectories” of acquisition of driver mutations detected in patients with similar prognosis. We present a framework named ASCETIC (Agony-baSed Cancer EvoluTion InferenCe) to extract such signatures from sequencing experiments generated by different technologies such as bulk and single-cell sequencing data. We apply ASCETIC to (i) single-cell data from 146 myeloid malignancy patients and bulk sequencing from 366 acute myeloid leukemia patients, (ii) multi-region sequencing from 100 early-stage lung cancer patients, (iii) exome/genome data from 10,000+ Pan-Cancer Atlas samples, and (iv) targeted sequencing from 25,000+ MSK-MET metastatic patients, revealing subtype-specific single-nucleotide variant signatures associated with distinct prognostic clusters. Validations on several datasets underscore the robustness and generalizability of the extracted signatures.
Genome-wide enhancer-gene regulatory maps link causal variants to target genes underlying human cancer risk
Authors: Ying Pingting , Chen Can , Lu Zequn , Chen Shuoni , Zhang Ming , Cai Yimin , Zhang Fuwei , Huang Jinyu , Fan Linyun , Ning Caibo , Li Yanmin , Wang Wenzhuo , Geng Hui , Liu Yizhuo , Tian Wen , Yang Zhiyong , Liu Jiuyang , Huang Chaoqun , Yang Xiaojun , Xu Bin , Li Heng , Zhu Xu , Li Ni , Li Bin , Wei Yongchang , Zhu Ying , Tian Jianbo , Miao Xiaoping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified numerous variants associated with human complex traits, most of which reside in the non-coding regions, but biological mechanisms remain unclear. However, assigning function to the non-coding elements is still challenging. Here we apply Activity-by-Contact (ABC) model to evaluate enhancer-gene regulation effect by integrating multi-omics data and identified 544,849 connections across 20 cancer types. ABC model outperforms previous approaches in linking regulatory variants to target genes. Furthermore, we identify over 30,000 enhancer-gene connections in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. By integrating large-scale population cohorts (23,813 cases and 29,973 controls) and multipronged functional assays, we demonstrate an ABC regulatory variant rs4810856 associated with CRC risk (Odds Ratio = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.05–1.16, P = 4.02 × 10−5) by acting as an allele-specific enhancer to distally facilitate PREX1, CSE1L and STAU1 expression, which synergistically activate p-AKT signaling. Our study provides comprehensive regulation maps and illuminates a single variant regulating multiple genes, providing insights into cancer etiology.
A molnupiravir-associated mutational signature in global SARS-CoV-2 genomes
Authors: Sanderson Theo , Hisner Ryan , Donovan-Banfield I’ah , Hartman Hassan , Løchen Alessandra , Peacock Thomas P. , Ruis Christopher 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMolnupiravir, an antiviral medication widely used against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), acts by inducing mutations in the virus genome during replication. Most random mutations are likely to be deleterious to the virus and many will be lethal; thus, molnupiravir-induced elevated mutation rates reduce viral load1,2. However, if some patients treated with molnupiravir do not fully clear the SARS-CoV-2 infections, there could be the potential for onward transmission of molnupiravir-mutated viruses. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 sequencing databases contain extensive evidence of molnupiravir mutagenesis. Using a systematic approach, we find that a specific class of long phylogenetic branches, distinguished by a high proportion of G-to-A and C-to-T mutations, are found almost exclusively in sequences from 2022, after the introduction of molnupiravir treatment, and in countries and age groups with widespread use of the drug. We identify a mutational spectrum, with preferred nucleotide contexts, from viruses in patients known to have been treated with molnupiravir and show that its signature matches that seen in these long branches, in some cases with onward transmission of molnupiravir-derived lineages. Finally, we analyse treatment records to confirm a direct association between these high G-to-A branches and the use of molnupiravir.
Dissecting key regulators of transcriptome kinetics through scalable single-cell RNA profiling of pooled CRISPR screens
Authors: Xu Zihan , Sziraki Andras , Lee Jasper , Zhou Wei , Cao Junyue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a combinatorial indexing method, PerturbSci-Kinetics, for capturing whole transcriptomes, nascent transcriptomes and single guide RNA (sgRNA) identities across hundreds of genetic perturbations at the single-cell level. Profiling a pooled CRISPR screen targeting various biological processes, we show the gene expression regulation during RNA synthesis, processing and degradation, miRNA biogenesis and mitochondrial mRNA processing, systematically decoding the genome-wide regulatory network that underlies RNA temporal dynamics at scale.
Interaction between estrogen receptor-α and PNPLA3 p.I148M variant drives fatty liver disease susceptibility in women
Authors: Cherubini Alessandro , Ostadreza Mahnoosh , Jamialahmadi Oveis , Pelusi Serena , Rrapaj Eniada , Casirati Elia , Passignani Giulia , Norouziesfahani Marjan , Sinopoli Elena , Baselli Guido , Meda Clara , Dongiovanni Paola , Dondossola Daniele , Youngson Neil , Tourna Aikaterini , Chokshi Shilpa , Bugianesi Elisabetta ,   EPIDEMIC Study Investigators, Ronzoni Luisa , Bianco Cristiana , Cerami Laura , Torcianti Veronica , Periti Giulia , Margarita Sara , Carpani Rossana , Malvestiti Francesco , Marini Ilaria , Tomasi Melissa , Lombardi Angela , Rondena Jessica , Maggioni Marco , D’Ambrosio Roberta , Vaira Valentina , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Rosso Chiara , Pennisi Grazia , Petta Salvatore , Liguori Antonio , Miele Luca , Tavaglione Federica , Vespasiani-Gentilucci Umberto , Dallio Marcello , Federico Alessandro , Soardo Giorgio , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Männistö Ville , Della Torre Sara , Prati Daniele , Romeo Stefano , Valenti Luca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFatty liver disease (FLD) caused by metabolic dysfunction is the leading cause of liver disease and the prevalence is rising, especially in women. Although during reproductive age women are protected against FLD, for still unknown and understudied reasons some develop rapidly progressive disease at the menopause. The patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) p.I148M variant accounts for the largest fraction of inherited FLD variability. In the present study, we show that there is a specific multiplicative interaction between female sex and PNPLA3 p.I148M in determining FLD in at-risk individuals (steatosis and fibrosis, P < 10−10; advanced fibrosis/hepatocellular carcinoma, P = 0.034) and in the general population (P < 10−7 for alanine transaminase levels). In individuals with obesity, hepatic PNPLA3 expression was higher in women than in men (P = 0.007) and in mice correlated with estrogen levels. In human hepatocytes and liver organoids, PNPLA3 was induced by estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) agonists. By chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays, we identified and characterized an ER-α-binding site within a PNPLA3 enhancer and demonstrated via CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing that this sequence drives PNPLA3 p.I148M upregulation, leading to lipid droplet accumulation and fibrogenesis in three-dimensional multilineage spheroids with stellate cells. These data suggest that a functional interaction between ER-α and PNPLA3 p.I148M variant contributes to FLD in women.