bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition, morbidity and mortality status in a cohort of children (0-14 years) exposed to maternal HIV in south India
Authors: Washington Reynold , Sinha Anju , Sethumadhavan Rajeev , Potty Rajaram Subramanian , Joy Melvin , Mathur Apoorva , khare smriti , Isac Shajy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: India has a substantial HIV disease burden in children. Karnataka state in south India has prevalence higher than the national average. About 6.3% of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) are children.
Methods: The present study is a prospective community-based open cohort study among children aged 0-14 years, exposed to maternal HIV in Belgaum district of Karnataka between the years 2014-2018. The study compares the nutrition (age 0-59 months) and morbidity patterns in HIV infected and non-infected children, while also estimating the risk of death and survival estimates in these cases during the follow-up period. Data was analysed using changes in Z scores for the indices, linear regression analysis; univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for differences in the prevalence of morbidity between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the risk of death.
Results: Study results demonstrate that the nutrition status of HIV positive children deteriorated more severely than that among HIV negative children as is evident from statistically significant difference (p value 0.045 and 0.028) in Z scores for anthropometric indices of weight for height and weight for age.
HIV positive and HIV negative children indicate that HIV positive children had 3.27 (95% CI: 2.35-4.56) and 2.86 (95% CI:1.83, 4.45) times higher risk of having skin diseases. Mortality analysis indicated that the hazard of dying during the follow-up period is almost five times higher for HIV positive children than the HIV negative children.
Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of scaling up diagnosis, and treatment for children within families with an index person living with HIV to increase improve the provision of nutrition and social support to both HIV positive and negative children at a family level. In particular, the impact of tuberculosis (TB) among children living with HIV needs focused priority and attention. These measures can reduce the high rates of under-nutrition, mortality and morbidity and improve the overall survival of children impacted by HIV.
Examining gender and sexual orientation differences in physical intimate partner violence experienced and perpetrated by youth living in eThekwini district South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Closson Kalysha , Zulu Bongiwe , Jesson Julie , Dietrich Janan J. , Pakhomova Tatiana , Basham C. Andrew , Beksinska Mags , Kaida Angela 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Young women and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Non-binary/no gender, or Questioning (LGBTQ+) youth in South Africa face some of the highest global levels of intimate partner violence (IPV). Given limited evidence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has fuelled IPV globally, we aimed to describe and compare experiences and perpetration of IPV of youth aged 16-24 by sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI).
Methods: December 2021-May 2022, youth aged 16-24 years from eThekwini district, South Africa completed an online survey to understand multilevel impacts of the pandemic on youth. Participants were asked about experiences and perpetration of physical IPV since the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics and adjusted logistic regressions compared the likelihood of experiencing and/or perpetrating physical IPV between heterosexual men; heterosexual women; gay, bisexual, or questioning men [GBQM; lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning women [LGBQW]; or gender/sexual non-conforming youth [non-conforming].
Results: Of 1,584 youth (mean age=21.7 [SD=2.3]; 71.7% Black) with non-missing SOGI and physical IPV data, 239 (15.1%) were LGBTQ+ (40.6% LGBQW and 36.0% non-conforming). The proportion of youth both experiencing and perpetrating physical IPV differed by SOGI (13.3% of heterosexual men, 14.1% of heterosexual women, 23.2% of GBQM, 20.8% of LGBQW, and 25.6% of non-conforming youth experienced and 10.9% of heterosexual men; 7.7% of heterosexual women; 10.7% of GBQM; 16.5% of LGBQW; and 16.3% of non-conforming youth perpetrated). In adjusted models, compared to heterosexual women, non-conforming youth had increased odds of experiencing (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.73; 95%CI, 1.57-5.06) physical IPV and non-conforming youth (aOR=3.02; 95%CI, 1.42-6.41), LGBQW (aOR=2.09; 95%CI, 1.06-4.09), and heterosexual men (aOR=1.55; 95%CI, 1.01-2.37) all had greater odds of perpetrating physical IPV during the pandemic.
Conclusion: In the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, over one in six youth in our study experienced and one in ten perpetrated physical IPV, with gender and sexual non-conforming youth experiencing and perpetrating IPV at significantly greater rates than cisgender/heterosexual peers. Our findings highlight the need for gender transformative efforts that move beyond the gender binary to support healthy relationships and IPV prevention for LGBTQ+ youth in South Africa and globally.
A loss-of-function variant in canine GLRA1 associates with a neurological disorder resembling human hyperekplexia
Authors: Heinonen Tiina J , Flegel Thomas , Müller Hanna , Kehl Alexandra , Hundi Sruthi , Matiasek Kaspar , Lohi Hannes , Hytönen Marjo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hereditary hyperekplexia is a rare neuronal disorder characterized by an exaggerated startle response to sudden tactile or acoustic stimuli. In this study, we present a Miniature Australian Shepherd family showing clinical signs which have genetic and phenotypic similarities with human hereditary hyperekplexia: episodes of muscle stiffness that could occasionally be triggered by acoustic stimuli. Whole genome sequence data analysis of two affected dogs revealed a 36-bp deletion spanning the exon-intron boundary in the glycine receptor alpha 1 (GLRA1) gene. Further validation in pedigree samples and an additional cohort of 45 Miniature American Shepherds and 74 Australian Shepherds demonstrated complete segregation of the variant with the disease, according to an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The protein encoded by GLRA1 is a subunit of the glycine receptor, which mediates postsynaptic inhibition in the brain stem and spinal cord. The canine GLRA1 deletion is located in the signal peptide and is predicted to cause exon skipping and subsequent premature stop codon resulting in a significant defect in glycine signaling. Variants in GLRA1 are known to cause hereditary hyperekplexia in humans; however, this is the first study to associate a variant in canine GLRA1 with the disorder, establishing a spontaneous large animal disease model for the human condition.
New-Onset Diabetes and COVID-19: Evidence from a Global Clinical Registry
Authors: Rubino Francesco , McIntyre Robert , Chai Zhonglin , Amiel Stephanie , Alberti George , Bornstein Stefan , Eckel Robert , Herman William , Khunti Kamlesh , Mingrone Geltrude , Mbanya Jean Claude , Mohan Viswanathan , Tan Meng , Zhang Lei , Al-Mulla Fahd , Al-Abdulrazzaq Dalia. , Naimi Tamara Al , Alessa Thamer , Chamseddine Ghassan , Chandrasekaran Sruti , Hinduja Anand , Rhee Sang Youl , Sathish Thirunavukkarasu , Zimmet Paul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Mounting evidence shows association between COVID-19 and new diagnoses of diabetes. It is unclear, however, if COVID-19 increases detection of pre-existing diabetes or if it can induce new-onset of the disease.

Methods

We established a global online registry of COVID-19-related diabetes (CoviDIAB) using a web-enabled data capture system (Dendrite Clinical Systems). In this study we aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 can induce new-onset diabetes, its subtypes and clinical manifestations. To this end, we analyzed clinical and laboratory data from cases of newly-diagnosed diabetes occurring during or within four weeks from an episode of COVID-19. To exclude pre-existing hyperglycaemia, new-onset diabetes was defined as: blood sugar levels above diabetes thresholds (fasting glycaemia ≥ 126 mg/dL or non-fasting glycemia > 200 mg/dL), no prior history of the disease or use of glucose-lowering medications, and HbA1c < 6·5% at presentation.

Results

Between October 2020 and April 2022, 67 contributors from 61 hospitals in 25 countries entered data on 537 eligible cases of newly-diagnosed diabetes. New-onset diabetes was identified in 102 of 473 newly-diagnosed cases with recorded HbA1c (22%). Among adults, diabetes subtypes were type 2 (59%) and “not-yet known” (41%). There were two cases of new-onset type 1 diabetes among children. Hyperglycaemia persisted beyond resolution of the infection in 39 of 89 (45%) patients with new-onset diabetes who survived the episode of COVID-19. Further follow-up data beyond 3-months was available for 28 such cases, showing remission of diabetes in five and persistent diabetes in 23 cases (82%).

Conclusions

This study shows clinical plausibility for a diabetogenic effect of COVID-19, supporting screening for diabetes in people who contract the infection. Further investigation is warranted to confirm mechanisms of viral interference with glucose metabolism.
The CoviDIAB registry is accessible online at http://covidiab.e-dendrite.com.
Nutritional status and associated factors among the elderly in Guinea (first national cross-sectional study)
Authors: MILLIMONO Thierno , Camara Alioune , Mabiama Gustave , Daffé Mamady , Boumédiène Farid , Preux Pierre-Marie , Desport Jean-Claude , Fayemendy Philippe , Jésus Pierre 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly subjects in the general Guinean population and the associated factors. A general population, cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample from urban and rural areas. Socio-demographic clinical and anthropometric data were collected. Oral status was determined using the University of Nebraska Oral Status Scale. Visual acuity was assessed using the Monoyer scale. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-squared test. The standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) of the nutritional status was calculated for each region. Sample included 1,698 subjects with a mean BMI 22.6±4.3 kg/m2. A total of 50.3% had an impaired oral status and 20.3% had moderately to severely impaired visual acuity. The prevalence of undernutrition was 14.4% and obesity was 5.7%. Differences were found in the prevalence of the nutritional status between regions (p≤0.0001) with an SPR >1 for undernutrition in the Labé region (SPR 1.9, 95% CI =1.5-2.5) and for obesity in the Conakry and Kindia regions (SPR of 2.90, 95% CI =2.0-4.05 and 2.32, 95% CI =1.5-3.3, respectively). In Guinea, the prevalence of nutritional disorders was approximately 20%.
Yiqi Huoxue decoction protects against intervertebral disc herniation through autophagy
Authors: DAI FENG , Yu Peng-fei , Ma Zhi-jia , Shen Xue-qiang , Jiang Hong , Liu Jintao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Backgrounds: Deficiency of autophagy causes alterations in articular cartilage that lead to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteoarthritis. In China, conservative treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a reasonably preferred choice for ruptured lumbar disc herniation (LDH). It has been reported that autophagy was activated by Yiqi Huoxue decoction (YHD) treatment. However, the role of YHD-induced autophagy in the prevention and treatment of IDH remains to be clarified.
Methods: The effect of YHD treatment on IDH rats was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Western blot and immunohistofluorescence (IHF) assay were used to detect the relative expressions of the autophagy-related proteins, and the changes of VPS34 mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: The YHD treatment significantly improved the resorption of interverbral disc along with the increased expression of autophagy related proteins, including VPS34, Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I in IDH rats. Western blot and IHF analyses showed increased level of USP13 in YHD treatment groups. In contrast, inhibition of USP13 by autophagy inhibitor spautin-1 promoted the ubiquitination of Beclin1, decreased the expressions of VPS34, Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I, which in turn blocked facilitative effect of YHD on discresorption.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that YHD activates autophagy by regulating the deubiquitination activity of USP13 to Beclin1, thereby promoting the resorption of interverbral disc.
Assessing the role of aerosol variability in governing the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Saxena Harshita , Pandey Vivek Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aerosols from both natural and anthropogenic play a significant role in affecting the regional radiation budget over northern India, which has an impact on the whole hydrological cycle and the climate. Numerous factors, including surface and atmospheric heating, aerosol-induced changes to clouds, and atmospheric circulation, all have an impact on the Indian summer monsoon. Using satellite data and reanalysis data, we demonstrate that aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Arabian Sea (AS), Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), and Central India (CI) region is correlated with the Indian summer monsoon. We have used long-term AOD which is derived by using MERRA2 reanalysis and Terra MODIS (Collection 6) for the domain 40°E-100°E and 0°N-40°N to investigate the aerosol variability and impact of aerosols on Indian summer monsoon. Northern India is a subtropical region with a high aerosol loading, is very inhabited. Over the entire domain, we found low AOD during monsoon season as compared to pre-monsoon season except over Arabian sea. Over IGP, the AOD ranges from 0.1 to 0.6 in MAM and 0.05 to 0.65 in JJAS and the precipitation varies from 2–27 mm/day. Over CI region, the AOD ranges from 0.35 to 0.6 in MAM and 0.25 to 0.5 in JJAS and precipitation varies from 3–15 mm/day. Over Arabian Sea, the AOD ranges from 0.05 to 0.65 in MAM and 0.1 to 0.8 in JJAS and precipitation varies from 0–25 mm/day. The near surface air temperature is decreased in monsoon season except over some parts of north western region. Here, we confirm that strong co-variability exists among aerosols, near surface air temperature and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. We find that aerosol loading affects warmer conditions and rainfall and conclude that the spatial pattern of AOD over IGP and AS is highly complex and require further investigations.
Multi-Descriptor Design of Ruthenium Catalysts for Durable Acidic Water Oxidation
Authors: Abed Jehad , Heras-Domingo Javier , Luo Mingchuan , Sanspeur Rohan , Alnoush Wajdi , Meira Debora , Wang Hsiao-Tsu , Wang Jian , Zhou Jigang , Zhou Daojin , Fatih Khalid , Higgins Drew , Ulissi Zachary , Sargent Edward 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Further improvements in the performance and cost-effectiveness of water electrolyzers are urgently needed to accelerate decarbonization of hydrogen production. Iridium-free oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts are needed that are active and durable under acidic conditions. Here we report Ru0.6Cr0.2Ti0.2O2, identified from a machine-learning aided density functional theory (DFT) model using Pourbaix decomposition energy and metal-oxygen covalency as descriptors for electrochemical stability. To screen the entire space of bimetallic oxides for stability under harsh acidic conditions, we employ a graph convolution neural network to predict the Pourbaix decomposition energy accurately from unrelaxed structures. This was accomplished with an accuracy of 32 meV/atom. Notably, utilizing an optimized hyperbolic tangent activation function and dropout algorithm reduced the prediction error by 90%. Experimentally, the catalyst has an overpotential of 267 mV at 100 mA/cm2, accompanied by 200 hours of operation with an overpotential increase of less than 5 mV. DFT calculations show that adding Ti into the structure increases the metal-oxygen covalency of the system, improving the stability of the mixed-metal-oxide. At the same time, adding Cr lowers the energy barrier of the HOO* formation rate-determining step, thus improving activity compared to RuO2. We investigate structural and chemical changes during the reaction using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and ptychography-scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. These evidence the evolution of a metastable structure compromised of a strong Ti-oxo network and a hydrous Cr-O passivation layer during the reaction – a structure that slows the dissolution of Ru by 20x while simultaneously suppressing lattice oxygen participation by > 60% compared to the case of RuO2.
Environmental-friendly regenerated lignocellulose functionalized cotton fabric to prepare multi-functional degradable membrane for efficient oil-water separation and solar seawater desalination
Authors: Li Jiangyi , Gao Junkai , Fang Jiangyu , Ling Tian , Xia Mengsheng , Cao Xue , Han Zhi , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Water shortage has aggravated the world-wide water crisis. Waste water purification and seawater desalination have become important means to alleviate fresh water shortage. In this work, the regenerated lignocellulose functionalized cotton fabric was developed as a novel, multi-functional, green and degradable membrane (named LCPT@CF) for efficient oil-water separation and solar seawater desalination. The fabrication method of LCPT@CF has the merits of simple, environmentally friendly and cost effective. The regenerated lignocellulose was adhered on the surface of cotton fabric by tannic acid and polyvinyl alcohol complexes tightly, and the multilayered structures of the LCPT@CF can be formed, which endowed the membranes with underwater superoleophobic property and durability. The LCPT@CF can purify oil-in-water emulsions with an efficiency of 99.90%, and moreover, benefiting from the excellent photothermal conversion capacity of regenerated lignocellulose, the LCPT@CF can achieve high evaporation rate of 1.39 kg m− 2 h− 1 under 1 sun illumination. More importantly, the LCPT@CF can be naturally degraded in soil within 3 months. Hence, the LCPT@CF has great potential for practical application in oil-water separation and solar desalination.
The impact of pandemic-related stress on attentional bias and anxiety in alexithymia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Shu-Hui , Lee Kuan-Te 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 has introduced negative consequences for mental health. It is unknown whether the psychological outcomes of stressful events may be moderated by individual traits. Alexithymia was considered as a risk factor for psychopathology, and was thus likely to be the potential trait that determined individual differences in resilience or vulnerability to stressful events during the pandemic. This study explored the moderating role of alexithymia and the effect of pandemic-related stress on anxiety levels and attentional bias due to the pandemic. Participants were 103 Taiwanese individuals that completed a survey during the outbreak of the Omicron wave. Additionally, an emotional Stroop task preceded by pandemic-related or neutral pictures was used to measure attentional bias. Our results demonstrated that pandemic-related stress had a lesser impact on anxiety for individuals with a higher level of alexithymia. Moreover, we found that for individuals with higher exposure to pandemic-related stressors, a higher level of alexithymia indicated less attentional bias toward COVID-19-related information. It was plausible that alexithymics tended to avoid coping with pandemic-related information, which could temporarily relieve from stressors during the pandemic.
Function and wide distribution of DMSOP cleaving enzymes in marine organisms
Authors: Carrion Ornella , Li Chun-Yang , Peng Ming , Wang Jinyan , Pohnert Georg , Azizah Muhaiminatul , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Curson Andrew , Walsham Keanu , Zhang Xiaohua , Monaco Serena , Harvey James , Wang Qing , Chen Xiu-Lan , Gao Chao , Wang Ning , Wang Xiu-Juan , Wang Peng , Giovannoni Stephen , Lee Chih-Ping , Suffridge Christopher , Zhang Yu , Luo Ziqi , Wang Dazhi , Todd Jonathan , Zhang Yuzhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dimethylsulfoxonium propionate (DMSOP) is a recently identified and abundant marine organosulfur compound with purported roles in oxidative stress protection, global carbon and sulfur cycling1. Diverse algae and bacteria synthesise DMSOP from dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which potentially limits the production of climate-active gases e.g., dimethylsulfide (DMS) generated from microbial DMSP cleavage1. Here, DMSOP was found at mM levels in saltmarsh sediment, >10-fold higher than DMSP, and orders of magnitude higher than DMSOP levels previously reported in seawater1. Moreover, we showed bacteria could utilise DMSOP as an osmoprotectant. Some bacteria also cleave DMSOP liberating dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an ubiquitous marine metabolite and acrylate1, but the enzymes responsible and their environmental importance were unknown. Here, we elucidated the DMSOP cleavage mechanism/s in diverse heterotrophic bacteria, e.g., SAR11 clade and Roseobacters, and fungi and phototrophic algae, e.g., Emiliania huxleyi, not previously known to have this activity. All these diverse organisms utilised their DMSP lyase ‘Ddd’ or ‘Alma1’ enzymes, that span five protein families, to cleave DMSOP with similar specific activities to DMSP. Bacteria with DMSP lyases that used DMSP as a carbon source likewise used DMSOP. Furthermore, ddd gene transcription in these bacteria was induced by DMSOP, including dddK in SAR11 strain HTCC1062. We determined the structure of DddK bound to DMSOP and concluded that the catalytic mechanisms of DMSOP cleavage by Ddd enzymes were like those for DMSP. Given the predicted teragram DMSOP production budget1, its newly found abundance in marine sediments, and the abundance of microbial DMSP lyase genes and transcripts in marine environments, DMSOP cleavage is likely a globally significant process influencing global carbon and sulfur fluxes and marine ecological interactions.