bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Study of the Protective Effect of Exogenous Creatine Phosphate on Ischemic Myocardium during Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Dong Peiqing , Yang Jing , Pan Yuchun , Guan Yulong , He Meiling 
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the myocardial protective effect of exogenous creatine phosphate (CP) added to cardioplegic solution for use in open heart surgery.
Ninety-eight patients were divided into a control group (n = 44) and a CP group (n =54). The spontaneous recovery rate of heart beat after aortic declamping was recorded and changes of serum enzymes including CPK, LDH, CPK-MB, HBDH, and AST were evaluated. The ultrastructural alterations of the myocardial tissue were observed in 4 patients (2 cases from each group) who had cardiac valve replacement.
The spontaneous recovery rate of heart beat in the CP group was significantly higher than the control group (39/54 versus 22/44 ), and the peak values of leakage of serum enzymes of the control group appeared earlier and receded later than those of the CP group. Electron microscope examination revealed better preservation of the ultrastructures of the myocardial tissue in the CP group than that of the control group. This data indicates that exogenous creatine phosphate added to the cardioplegic solution offers a better protective effect on the ischemic myocardium during open heart surgery.
Post Cardiopulmonary Bypass Bleeding: An Introductory Review
Authors: McCusker Kevin , Lee Soomyung 
Published: August 2023

Cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has increased in both number and safety over the past four decades. Postoperative bleeding continues to be a major cause of perioperative morbidity. The reported incidence varies from 4-32%.
This paper reviews the preoperative evaluation and specific hemostasis defects associated with cardiac surgery and extracorporeal circulation. Monitoring of anticoagulation and coagulation, methods to decrease the alterations of the coagulation system, as well as the specific therapy for and risks of post-CPB bleeding are also discussed.
Activated Clotting Time (ACT) Testing: Analysis of Reproducibility
Authors: Zucker Marcia L. , Jobes Christopher , Siegel Matt , Jobes David , LaDuca Frank M. 
Published: August 2023

Activated Clotting Time (ACT) has been the standard for monitoring heparin anticoagulation in cardiac surgery for three decades. Although a 10% coefficient of variation (CV) is the referenced standard for the test, no recent reports of precision are available. The precision of Hemochron FTCA510 (celite) and KACT (kaolin) ACT test tubes was evaluated using a retrospective analysis of results from both laboratory studies and routine clinical usage.
Laboratory studies of reproducibility included analysis of the CV from repetitive testing using multiple lots of ACTs. Substrates used included 40 consecutive lots of control plasma and freshly heparinized donor blood. Across the lots of control plasma, the celite ACT yielded an average CV of 5.4% for the normal control level and 4.0% in the abnormal control level (range 3.6–9.7% and 2.7–6.3%, respectively). The KACT showed similar performance for the normal (mean = 4.5%, range 2.2–7.8%) and abnormal (mean = 3.8%, range 2.0–10.0%). These values, significantly less than 10%, reflect the combined variability of both the ACT tests and the lyophilized, single use vial, control material. Fresh whole blood samples exhibited improved ACT precision when compared to this artificial substrate. CVs for the celite ACT ranged from 0.6–6.0% at one unit heparin/ml blood to 2.4–11.6% at 5 units/ml where clotting times exceed 650 sec. The KACT showed even lower CVs at all heparin levels, with values of 2.4–7.0%.
Clinical evaluations included samples (N = 56) collected from cardiac surgery patients with celite ACT values ranging to 744 sec. Duplicate values differed by an average of 7.5 sec or 1.8%. There was only one clinically significant difference in paired values; a 376 sec paired with a 406 sec, 400 sec being the clinical target time. This retrospective data analysis demonstrates that Hemochron ACT variability is significantly less than 10%.
Factors Affecting Perfusionists′ Decisions on Equipment Utilization: Results of a United States Survey
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Mejak Brian L. , Rauch Eric D. , Vang See N. , Viessman Thomas W. 
Published: August 2023

The decision to utilize extracorporeal equipment is influenced by a number of factors, including clinical efficacy, cost effectiveness, and personal judgment. The purpose of this study was to report the results of a national survey that examined factors affecting perfusionists’ decisions on equipment utilization.
An 80-question survey was mailed to chief perfusionists at 1030 U.S. hospitals performing open-heart surgery. 524 completed surveys were returned, which represented 797 hospitals (78.8%) and 671,290 procedures over a 2-year period (July 1996–June 1998). Within the survey, 36 questions pertained to equipment utilization and served as the basis for this report.
The perfusion equipment that had seen the greatest reduction in use were; heparin-coated circuits (HCC) (12.0%), in-line blood gas monitors (9.7%), soft-shell venous reservoirs (SSVR) (7.2%), and in-line arterial hemoglobin monitors (6.3%). Cost was the major determinant affecting the decision for the following devices: in-line blood gas monitors (82.4%), cardioplegia in-line delivery filters (75.0%), in-line arterial hemoglobin monitors (69.7%), HCC (55.6%), and SSVR (43.2). Ineffectiveness was the major reason reported for discontinuation of arterial-line bubble traps (64.7%), venous reservoir level detectors (50.0%), and arterial-line pressure manometers with pump shutdown (50.0%). 438 respondents discontinued use of one or more of 29 different devices during the past 2 years. Cost was the major reason in 52.7% of the cases, ineffectiveness in 33.1%, and 14.2% were in a category labeled “other.”
The pressures brought upon by the changing healthcare structure have influenced perfusionists’ equipment selection, with cost being a major factor affecting clinical decisions for certain device utilization.
The Effects of Continuous Blood Gas Monitoring During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective, Randomized Study—Part I
Authors: Trowbridge Cody C. , Vasquez Marco , Stammers Alfred H. , Glowgowski Kimberly , Tremain Kimberly , Niimi Kevin , Muhle Michelle , Yiang Tianyu 
Published: August 2023

The use of continuous in-line blood gas management (CILBGM) is steeped in controversy concerning its potential utility and impact on patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of CILBGM results in improved quality of patient care.
Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in a Institutional Review Board-approved, prospective, randomized study. An in-line blood gas monitor (CDI 500) was placed into the arterial and venous lines for all patients. Blood gas monitoring in the control group was managed by intermittent sampling (every 20–30 min), while the treatment group was managed with continuous monitoring.
There were no differences between groups in preoperative, surgical, anesthetic, or perfusion variables. The accuracy of the in-line monitor was comparable to laboratory analysis for arterial blood gas parameters (N = 160; pH bias = 0.00; PaCO2 bias = −1.1 mmHg; and PaO2 bias = 0.7 mmHg). There was less deviation from target values (pH = 7.40, PaCO2 = 40 mmHg, PaO2 = 150–200 mmHg) when in-line monitoring was used versus intermittent sampling (N = 784; pH deviation = 0.05 ± 0.03 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01, p < 0.0001; PaCO2 deviation 44.0 ± 2.9 mmHg vs. 2.0 ± 0.9 mmHg, p < 0.0001; and PaO2 deviation = 22.7 ± 16.9 mmHg vs. 11.7 ± 8.3 mmHg, p < 0.0001).
In conclusion, the results of part I of this study demonstrate that the use of CILBGM results in more accurate blood gas management during CPB.
In Vitro Comparison of Inhibitors of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in a Macrophage Model
Authors: Hunter Kyler , Sanders D. Bradford , Larson Douglas F. 
Published: August 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to decrease cardiac performance, induce global hypotension, and generate oxygen free-radicals. Nitric oxide is produced from the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and is a component of many cellular second messenger systems. It is not clearly understood if NO and iNOS are compensatory mechanisms or pathological processes in heart failure, and this study was designed to understand better inhibition of iNOS in a cell culture model.
Inhibitors of iNOS were compared for in vitro capability of inhibiting the production of NO. Ethanol and S-methylisothiourea (MITU) were applied to macrophage populations in 120 μM and 1 μM, 100 and 10 nM for an 8-h incubation. Level of iNOS expression was measured in the ethanol-treated populations using an anti-iNOS primary antibody with a fluorescent labeled secondary antibody. Serum nitrites were measured in both treatment groups by the nonenzymatic Griess method to determine enzyme function.
Our data indicate that ethanol demonstrates a stimulation and simultaneous inhibition of iNOS during an 8-h incubation. No dose-dependent correlation between amount of serum nitrites produced and ethanol treatment was observed. However, MITU demonstrated a clear inhibition of iNOS at 120 μM with a serum nitrite value of 25.7002 ± 0.0647, with control values of 24.3421 μM. Lower concentrations of MITU also demonstrated no correlation. Although both agents display inhibitory effects upon iNOS, MITU seems to have no apparent simultaneous stimulation and may hold more potential as a post-translational inhibitor of iNOS.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With and Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Comparison Analysis
Authors: Kirk Kelly C. , Aldridge Ruth A. , Sistino Joseph J. , Zellner James L. , Crumbley Arthur J. , Kratz John M. , Crawford Fred A. , Reeves Scott T. 
Published: August 2023

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using stabilization devices in place of the heart–lung machine is being performed on a wide range of patients. This study retrospectively compared the performance of off-pump coronary artery grafting bypass (OPCAB) with conventional bypass patients over the same 6-month period at The Medical University of South Carolina. Data were collected and compared from the National Cardiac Database of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Parameters studied included age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), previous myocardial infarction (MI), disease severity, number of grafts, complications, blood usage, ventilation times, operating room (OR) time, and hospital length of stay (LOS).
There were no significant difference between the patient groups with regard to age, gender, LVEF, previous MI, predicted mortality, and LOS. Operative mortality was also similar in the two groups: conventional bypass 4/117 (3%) and OPCAB 2/86 (2%). The conventional bypass patients (CPB) had significantly (p < 0.05) more diseased vessels (2.9 vs. 2.6) and distal grafts (4.1 vs. 2.7), as compared to the OPCAB group. OPCAB procedures resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower mean OR time (365 min vs. 406 min) and reduced mean postoperative ventilation hours (3.4 vs. 8.3 hours), as compared to conventional bypass. There were significantly (p < 0.05) fewer blood transfusions in the OPCAB group (1.1 units vs. 2.4 units), and the percentage of patients transfused blood was significantly less (34.9% vs. 57.3%). Nine out of 95 (9.5%) of patients who presented for OPCAB were converted to conventional bypass. Although there may be potential benefits to OPCAB, further studies must be directed at determining those patients who would benefit most from CABG using the off-pump technique.
Seltene vaskuläre Erkrankungen der Netzhaut – Teil 1
Authors: Heimann Heinrich , Schüler Andreas , Kellner Ulrich , Lommatzsch Albrecht , Krause Lothar 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungNeben der diabetischen Retinopathie und den arteriellen und venösen
Verschlusserkrankungen existiert eine Reihe weiterer Ursachen für vaskuläre
Netzhauterkrankungen, deren Früherkennung für die Differenzialdiagnose und
Therapie bedeutsam sind. Diese Übersicht stellt wichtige generalisierte oder
periphere vaskuläre Netzhauterkrankungen vor. Der zweite Teil fasst vaskuläre
Netzhauterkrankungen mit vorwiegend makulärer Symptomatik zusammen.
CD68 in Cerebral Aneurysms of Smokers and Nonsmokers: An Immunohistochemical Analysis
Authors: Crusius Cassiano Ughini , Cambruzzi Eduardo , Crusius Marcelo Ughini , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de , Tognon Alexandre Pereira , Crusius Paulo Sérgio , Stefani Marco Antônio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background There is some evidence indicating that inflammation of the aneurysmal wall is related to aneurysmal growth and rupture. The presence of CD68 may indicate greater inflammatory activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate CD68 immunoexpression in surgically resected brain aneurysms and its association with smoking.
Methods The resected brain aneurysmal walls after microsurgical clipping were envoyed to immunohistochemistry investigation. The objective was to evaluate the expression of CD68 and CD34 antibodies. The associations between inflammatory markers, smoking, and rupture were tested using Fischer's exact test.
Results CD68 immunoexpression in the tunica media was associated with larger aneurysms: 7.0 mm (7.0–9.0 mm) versus 5.0 mm (3.5–5 mm; p = 0.011). There was no statistically significant association between smoking and CD68 expression in the tunica media (p = 0.234) or in either the tunica media or the tunica intima (p = 0.628). There was also no statistically significant association between hemorrhagic presentation of the aneurysm and CD68 expression in the tunica media (p = 0.689) or in either the tunica media or the tunica intima (p = 0.348). Therefore, the presence of CD68-positive cells in the aneurysmal walls indicates an association with size, especially if the tunica media is exclusively compromised (p = 0.011).
Conclusion Immunohistochemistry investigation for CD68 antibodies was used to determine histiocytic infiltration. Adequately powered studies are necessary to further investigate the association between CD68-positive cells and both smoking history and hemorrhagic presentation of aneurysms.
Running Functional Threshold versus Critical Power: Same Concept but
Different Values
Authors: Ñancupil-Andrade Alberto A , Ruiz-Alias Santiago A. , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Jaén-Carrillo Diego , García-Pinillos Felipe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aims of this study were (i) to estimate the functional threshold power (FTP)
and critical power (CP) from single shorter time trials (TTs) (i. e. 10,
20 and 30 minutes) and (ii) to assess their location in the
power-duration curve. Fifteen highly trained athletes randomly performed ten TTs
(i. e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 60 minutes). FTP was
determined as the mean power output developed in the 60-min TT, while CP was
estimated in the running power meter platform according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations. The linear regression analysis revealed
an acceptable FTP estimate for the 10, 20 and 30-min TTs
(SEE≤12.27 W) corresponding to a correction factor of 85, 90 and
95%, respectively. An acceptable CP estimate was only observed for the
20-min TT (SEE=6.67 W) corresponding to a correction factor of
95%. The CP was located at the 30-min power output (1.0 [–5.1 to
7.1] W), which was over FTP (14 [7.0 to 21] W). Therefore, athletes and
practitioners concerned with determining FTP and CP through a feasible testing
protocol are encouraged to perform a 20-min TT and apply a correction factor of
90 and 95%, respectively.
The dose-related plateau effect of surviving fraction in normal tissue during the ultra-high-dose-rate radiotherapy
Authors: Hu Shuai , Lan Xiaofei , Zheng Jinfen , Bi Yuanjie , Ye Yuanchun , Si Meiyu , Fang Yuhong , Wang Jinghui , Liu Junyan , Chen Yuan , Chen Yuling , Xiang Pai , Niu Tianye , Huang Yongsheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Ultra-high-dose-rate radiotherapy, referred to as FLASH therapy, has been demonstrated to reduce the damage of normal tissue as well as inhibiting tumor growth compared with conventional dose-rate radiotherapy. The transient hypoxia may be a vital explanation for sparing the normal tissue. The heterogeneity of oxygen distribution for different doses and dose rates in the different radiotherapy schemes are analyzed. With these results, the influence of doses and dose rates on cell survival are evaluated in this work. Approach. The two-dimensional reaction–diffusion equations are used to describe the heterogeneity of the oxygen distribution in capillaries and tissue. A modified linear quadratic model is employed to characterize the surviving fraction at different doses and dose rates. Main results. The reduction of the damage to the normal tissue can be observed if the doses exceeds a minimum dose threshold under the ultra-high-dose-rate radiation. Also, the surviving fraction exhibits the ‘plateau effect’ under the ultra-high dose rates radiation, which signifies that within a specific range of doses, the surviving fraction either exhibits minimal variation or increases with the dose. For a given dose, the surviving fraction increases with the dose rate until tending to a stable value, which means that the protection in normal tissue reaches saturation. Significance. The emergence of the ‘plateau effect’ allows delivering the higher doses while minimizing damage to normal tissue. It is necessary to develop appropriate program of doses and dose rates for different irradiated tissue to achieve more efficient protection.
The quasi-reversibility regularization method for backward problems of the time-fractional diffusion-wave equation
Authors: Wen Jin , Wang Yong-Ping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper is devoted to two backward problems in a time-fractional diffusion-wave equation, with the aid of extra measurement data at a final time. Since these two problems are ill-posed, a quasi-reversibility method is obtained by employing eigenfunction expansion, and the existence, uniqueness and regularity of the regularized solutions are also proven. We can get order-optimal error estimates from the a-priori parameter choice rule. Finally, several numerical examples of both one- and two-dimension show that the proposed regularization method is effective and stable.
Spin-to-charge conversion in tantalum with structural phase transition
Authors: Yang Xia , Yu Rui , Cao Jiefeng , Long Zhipeng , Li Junqin , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tantalum (Ta), which is widely used as a spin sink material, especially for its β-phase with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) exhibits a high spin-charge interconversion efficiency. In this work, we investigate the spin-to-charge conversion (SCC) process of Ta/Permalloy (Ta/Py) bilayers with Ta having different crystalline phases. The structural phase transition of Ta film from tetragonal to body-centered cuboidal (BCC) which corresponds to β- and α-phases was obtained via high-temperature annealing in vacuum atmosphere. By applying ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements, the measured spin mixing conductance and SCC DC voltage show a strong correlation with the crystalline phase of Ta thin films in Ta/Py bilayers. A significant enhancement of spin mixing conductance in (β + α)-Ta/Py has been found and a higher SCC DC voltage was detected for α-phase Ta film with a weak SOC than β-phase Ta film with a strong SOC. These results reveal the significant role of the interfacial constitution in heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayers for spin current transportation, which can promote the development of high-efficiency spin-based devices through interfacial engineering.
Translation gauge field theory of gravity in Minkowski spacetime*
Authors: Li 李 Hang 航 , Wang 王 Ping 平 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The gravitational field

with spin-2 is introduced naturally by the requirement that the Lagrangian is locally translation invariant in Minkowski spacetime. The interactions between the

and spin-

, 0, 1 matter fields are obtained along with the Lagrangian for the gravitational field including self-interactions. The deflection angle of light when it passes through the sun is calculated with different gauge conditions as an example. Our leading-order result is the same as that from general relativity, although the basic ideas are different. It is interesting that gravity can be described in a similar way to other fundamental interactions in Minkowski spacetime, and it may provide a new scenario for the Universe.
Large deviation principle for a stochastic process with random reinforced relocations
Authors: Boci Erion-Stelios , Mailler Cécile 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Stochastic processes with random reinforced relocations have been introduced in a series of papers by Boyer and co-authors (Boyer and Solis Salas 2014, Boyer and Pineda 2016, Boyer, Evans and Majumdar 2017) to model animal foraging behaviour. Such a process evolves as a Markov process, except at random relocation times, when it chooses a time at random in its whole past according to some ‘memory kernel’, and jumps to its value at that random time. We prove a quenched large deviation principle for the value of the process at large times. The difficulty in proving this result comes from the fact that the process is not Markovian due to relocations. Furthermore, the random inter-relocation times act as a random environment.
Loewner time conversion for q-generalized stochastic dynamics
Authors: Shibasaki Yusuke , Saito Minoru , Judai Ken 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Generalized statistical mechanics based on q-Gaussian has been demonstrated to be an effective theoretical framework for the analysis of non-equilibrium systems. Since q-generalized (non-extensive) statistical mechanics reduces the nonlinearity in the system into deformed entropy and probability distributions, we introduce an alternative method based on the time conversion method using the Loewner equation by investigating the statistical physical properties of one-dimensional stochastic dynamics described by the Langevin equation with multiplicative noise. We demonstrate that a randomized time transformation using Loewner time enables the conversion of the multiplicative Langevin dynamics into an equilibrium system obeying a conventional microcanonical ensemble. For the equilibrium Langevin system after the Loewner time conversion, the fluctuation-dissipation relation and path integral fluctuation theorem were discussed to derive the response function under a nonlinear perturbation and an extended Jarzynski equality. The present results suggest the efficacy of the introducing randomized time for analyzing non-equilibrium systems, and indicate a novel connection between q-generalized (non-extensive) and Boltzmann–Gibbs statistical mechanics.
Epileptic Seizure Detection Based on Semi-supervised Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Liu Xiaojia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Since the manual diagnosis of electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings requires a lot of labor and material costs for clinical seizure detection, the annotation for seizure data is of great challenge for seizure detection. To tackle the issue of small samples of epilepsy-labeled data, we propose a semi-supervised generative adversarial network-based seizure detection method. To begin with, a Butterworth filter is used to preprocess the EEG, and the filtered EEG signal is input into the SGAN model. Finally, the output of the SGAN model is subjected to post-processing operations including averaging filtering and threshold comparison, and the discriminative result of whether the tested EEG is a seizure is output. The method achieved an average sensitivity of 90.36%, an average specificity of 93.72%, and an average accuracy of 93.72% in the CHB-MIT EEG dataset. Experiments demonstrate that the semi-supervised generative adversarial network has more accurate classification performance in epilepsy detection.