bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing load-bearing bio-inspired materials for simultaneous static properties and dynamic damping: multi-objective optimization for micro-structure
Authors: Dong Bo , Jia Yun-Fei , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Biological load-bearing materials, like the nacre in shells, have a unique staggered structure that supports their superior mechanical properties. Engineers have been encouraged to imitate it to create load-bearing bio-inspired materials which have excellent properties not present in conventional composites. To create such materials with desirable mechanical properties, the optimum structural parameters combination must be selected. Moreover, the optimal design of bio-inspired composites needs to take into account the trade-offs between various mechanical properties. In this paper, multi-objective optimization models were developed using structural parameters as design variables and mechanical properties as optimization objectives, including stiffness, strength, toughness, and dynamic damping. Using the NSGA-II optimization algorithm, a set of optimal solutions were solved. Additionally, three different structures in natural nacre were introduced in order to utilize the better structure when design bio-inspired materials. The range of optimal solutions that obtained using results from previous research were examined and explained why this collection of optimal solution ranges is the best. Also, optimal solutions were compared with the structural features and mechanical properties of real nacre and artificial biomimetic composites to validate our models. Finally, the optimum design strategies can be obtained for nacre-like composites. Our research methodically proposes an optimization method for achieving load-bearing bio-inspired materials with excellent properties and creates a set of optimal solutions from which designers can select the one that best suits their preferences, allowing the fabricated materials to demonstrate preferred performance in every respect.
A multi-objective optimized fuzzy back-stepping controller for a nonlinear unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Mahmoodabadi Mohammad Javad , Babak Nima Rezaee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a multi-objective optimized fuzzy back-stepping (FBS) controller to stabilize an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) having nonlinear dynamics. At first, the back-stepping (BS) technique is carried out as the main approach to determine the control efforts of the quadcopter. Next, fuzzy systems are appropriately designed to tune the gains of the BS and to reach robustness. Afterwards, to simultaneously minimize the control efforts and system errors, the parameters of the fuzzy formulations are ascertained via multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO). This strategy is eventually applied on a nonlinear UAV model designed and fabricated in the department of mechanical engineering at Sirjan university of technology. The obtained results are illustrated to prove the effectiveness of the introduced strategy for stabilization of the considered UAV system.
A novel polygenic risk score model based on the protein interactions: An application on psoriasis
Authors: Antonatos Charalabos , Koskeridis Fotios , Ralliou Christiana M. , Vasilopoulos Yiannis , Evangelou Evangelos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) have been widely applied for predicting an individual’s genetic risk to a phenotype. Here, we develop a biologically-driven PRS in the UK BioBank cohort through validated protein interactions (PPI) and network construction for psoriasis, incorporating variants mapped to the interacting genes. We compare our PPI-PRS approach to conventional PRS calculations through liberal P-value thresholds.
Results
We show that our novel PPI-PRS approach provides similar results to conventional methods, despite the incorporation of a limited number of variants which have not reached genome-wide significance (GWS). Exclusion of confirmed risk loci for psoriasis resulted in highly similar associations compared to our primary model, indicating the contribution of the genetic variability mapped to non-GWS variants in PRS computations.
Conclusions
Our findings support the implementation of biologically-driven approaches in PRS calculation in psoriasis that can be expanded to other complex diseases highlighting their potential clinical utility in risk assessment and treatment management.
Machine Learning framework to predict sepsis disease using stacking ensemble algorithm
Authors: Lydia Laxmi , kumar vijaya , Anupama C S S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Today, sepsis affects several individuals in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)because the death rate is increasing dramatically and it has become a huge concern in the area of healthcare. Due to the scarcity of resources, such persons require significant upkeep; this increases the expense of therapy by consuming a large number of resources. In early stages of sepsis, therapy is accessible; however, if treatment is not initiated at the appropriate time, sepsis progresses to an advanced stage, increasing deaths. Several investigations are conducted in order to establish early detection models for sepsis in patients. Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) comprise several applications in the medical area, thanks to breakthroughs in these domains. In this paper, five recent ML approaches, including Decision Tree (DT),Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR),Nave Bayes (NB)and-Nearest Neighbour (KNN)is engaged to improve the prediction of model performance utilizing a suggested Stacking Ensemble Meta (SEM) algorithm. Then the suggested SEM combines the best of the two base model prediction accuracy to produce the final prediction. The model is trained using data from the 2019 Physio Net/ Computing in Cardiology Challenge. The model is fine-tuned to get the optimal hyper parameters for training. Accuracy, Recall, Precision, F1-score and ROC-AUC curve are few performance measures utilized to assess the model. The experimental findings showed that the suggested SEM classifier has 0.94 accuracy when compared to the ensemble voting classifier, which has 0.93 accuracy.
Integrated multi-omics and bioinformatic methods to reveal the mechanisms of sinomenine against diabetic nephropathy
Authors: li Yan , Wang Lei , Xu Bojun , Zhan Huakui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, the diagnosis and treatment of DN is still limited. Sinomenine (SIN) is an active extract of herbal medicine and has been applied into the therapy of DN.
Methods
In the part of bioinformatic analyses, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were conducted to predict the important pathway of SIN treatment for DN. In-vivo study, DN rats were randomized to be treated with vehicle or SIN (20mg/kg or 40 mg/kg) daily by gavage for 8 weeks. Then, the pharmacological effect of SIN on DN and the potential mechanisms were also evaluated by 24h albuminuria, histopathological examination, transcriptomics, and metabolomics.
Results
Firstly, network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to show that SIN might improve DN via AGEs/RAGE, IL-17, TNF pathways. Urine biochemical parameters showed that SIN treatment could significantly reduce 24h albuminuria of DN rats. Transcriptomics analysis found SIN could affect DN progression via inflammation and EMT pathways. Metabolic pathway analysis found SIN would mainly involve in arginine biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism to affect DN development.
Conclusions
We confirmed that SIN could inhibit the progression of DN via affecting multiple genes and metabolites related pathways.
High-speed two-color scanning volumetric laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Silva Diega Tapia , Cooper Cole J. , Mandel Tracy L. , Khatri Shilpa , Kleckner Dustin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many problems in fluid mechanics require single-shot 3D measurements of fluid flows, but are limited by available techniques. Here, we design and build a novel flexible high-speed two-color scanning volumetric laser-induced fluorescence (H2C-SVLIF) technique capable of simultaneous measurement of 3D velocity fields and a secondary tracer in the flow. This is paired with a custom, open source, software package, which allows for real time playback with correction of perspective defects while simultaneously overlaying arbitrary 3D data. The technique is demonstrated with two experiments: (1) the flow past a sphere, and (2) vortices embedded in laminar pipe flow. In the first experiment, two channel measurements are taken at a resolution of 512 × 512 × 512 with volume rates of 65.1 Hz. In the second experiment, a single color SVLIF system is integrated on a moving stage, providing imaging at 1280 × 304 × 256 with volume rates of 34.8 Hz. Although this second experiment is only single channel, it uses identical software and much of the same hardware to demonstrate the extraction of multiple information channels from single channel volumetric images.
Assessing Human Settlement Suitability in the Global South Using Modified Grey Relational Approaches and Remote Sensing Algorithms
Authors: Ghosh Bhaskar , Farouque Md. Zunaid , Gupta Sudipta Das , Haque Md. Nazmul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rapid urbanization in Bangladesh affects people's way of life, so finding safe places to settle is essential. A spatial analysis of Land Surface Temperature (LST) for nine districts of Bangladesh between 2000 and 2020 using Landsat Data (L5 and L8) has been conducted to gain insight into the LST, the impact of urban heat islands, and the livability scenario. Using the Living Index, which takes into account important variables underlying land surface temperature variance and the Urban Heat Island Index (UHIindex), the study ranks districts based on how physically comfortable their residents report them to be. Images from both the Landsat 5 satellite (2000–2010), and the Landsat 8 satellite (2015–2020), were used to compile remote sensing indices updated every five years. Grey Relational Modeling indicated that two of the five indices, the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and the Normalized Multi-band Drought Index (NMDI), had the most decisive impact on LST. It implies that urbanization and other human activity will alter land usage, affecting the Earth's average surface temperature. In eight of the twenty-two districts, the average UHI index value was more significant than 0.5, with 0.70 being the worst result. Rangpur ranked lowest in the UHI index but first in the NDBI and NMDI, as measured by the Living Index. The UHIindex value was highest in Rajshahi. Dhaka and Chattogram are popular places for lower-class citizens to call home. Sustainable urban planning techniques and environmental regulations can benefit from this study's conclusions.
Burnout in junior doctors in palliative care - a qualitative study on culture, identity, and systems
Authors: Ong Eng-Koon , Divinaflor Claire Anne Ricafort , Yeoh Ting-Ting , Lim Kai-Chong Daniel , Sim Wen-Shan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context: Burnout in palliative care practitioners (PCPs) is a significant problem. Junior doctors (JDs) who may be particularly vulnerable have largely been under-represented in existing literature. Objectives: The is an exploratory qualitative study that investigates the influence of the culture of palliative care (PC) and systemic policies on the risk of burnout for JDs at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS). The data presented will guide strategies that foster wellbeing for junior staff.. Methods: A total of 13 JDs who have completed at least one month of their rotation at the Division of Supportive and Palliative Care at NCCS between 2020 to 2022 were recruited. Individual semi-structured interviews each lasting about one hour were completed and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected. Results: A total of three themes and subthemes were elucidated. These include the nature of PC as described by the type of patients encountered and the working and learning environment, stressors as a junior doctor due to self-perceived professional identity and frequent rotations, and tensions between culture, service needs, and staff support programs. These aspects interact in a multi-dimensional manner and can both support and predispose JDs to burnout. Conclusion: The impact of working in PC as JDs on burnout risks is complex. The relationship between culture, identity and systemic policies needs to be further investigated to provide insight on how we may foster wellbeing as a community of practice.
Scholte Wave Field and Dispersion Curve in Porous Multi-layered Media Filled with Fluid
Authors: Wang Wenkai , Qian Zhongping , Liu Xiaobo , Tan Maojin , Zhang Jianlei , Chen Haifeng , Zhang Hua , Wang Yanjiao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The Scholte wave is a kind of solid surface wave that propagates on the seabed. To study the influences of pore-fluid parameters on the propagation characteristics of Scholte waves, the recursive solution and dispersion equation of Scholte wave is derived for porous multi-layered media filled with fluid based on Biot-Gassmann equation. A direct relationship equation between pore-fluid parameters, Scholte wave velocities and densities of pore fluid media is established. The recursive solution of Scholte wave propagating along the interface of porous multi-layered media filled with fluid is derived by using the boundary conditions of seismic wave field. The influences of pore fluid parameters on Scholte wave field and its dispersion characteristics are studied through numerical analysis. The numerical results show that the oil and gas-bearing pores could affect the dispersion characteristics and displacement stress of Scholte wave. Therefore, the effect of pore fluid should be fully considered for the further seabed Scholte wave rich in porous multi-layered media filled with fluid. In this paper, it provides a theoretical method for solving dispersion equations of Scholte wave propagating in coastal porous multi-layered media filled with fluid.
Fast, Furious and Dubious? MDPI and the Depth of Peer Review Reports
Authors: Maddi Abdelghani , Boukacem-Zeghmouri Chérifa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Peer review is a central component of scholarly communication as it brings trust and quality control for scientific knowledge. One of its goals is to improve the quality of manuscripts and prevent the publication of work resulting from dubious or misconduct practices. In a context marked by a massification of scientific production, the reign of Publish or Perish rule and the acceleration of research, journals are leaving less and less time to reviewers to produce their reports. It is therefore is crucial to study whether these regulations have an impact on the length of reviewer reports. Here, we address the example of MDPI, a Swiss Open Access publisher, depicted as a Grey Publisher and well known for its short deadlines, by analyzing the depth of its reviewer reports and its counterparts. For this, we used Publons data with 61,197 distinct publications reviewed by 86,628 reviewers. Our results show that, despite the short deadlines, when they accept to review a manuscript, reviewers assume their responsibility and do their job in the same way regardless of the publisher, and write on average the same number of words. Our results suggest that, even if MDPI's editorial practices may be questionable, as long as peer review is assured by researchers themselves, publications are evaluated similarly.
JEL-codes
D8; L82; D43; L13.
Determinants of the severity of chronic illness of Patients with COVID-19 among patients at Eka Kottebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020/21
Authors: Etana Diriba , Wale Mamo Worku , Tesfaw Dejen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:Coronavirus is a zoonotic disease caused by coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome) which was discovered on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.Methodology:The study population was the patients of COVID-19 treated at Eka Kottebe General Hospital from March 2020 to December 2020. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and stereotype ordinal logistic regression model were used to analyze our data.Result:Out of the total (454) patients considered in the study, about 240 (52.86%), 60 (13.22%), 106 (23.35%), and 48 (10.57%) patients were in mild, moderate, severe, and critical stage, respectively. Independent variables like sex, presence of a symptom, fever, headache, chest pain, and shortness of breath, general weakness, cough, co-morbid, diabetes mullets, and hypertension had a significant association with the severity of illness at a 5% level of significance. The stereotype ordinal logistic regression result shows that sex, age, presence of symptoms, shortness of breath, general weakness, and co-morbidity had a significant effect on the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19.Conclusion:Being male, increasing in age, being symptomatic, having shortness of breath, having general weakness, and having any co-morbidity had led to more severe stage illness in patients.
Dynamics of trace and rare earth elements during long-term (over four years) decomposition in Scots pine and Norway
Authors: Gautam Mukesh K. , Berg Bjorn , Lee Kwang-Sik 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The temporal dynamics of 33 major, trace and rare earth elements (REEs) was studied in the Swedish Norway spruce-NSL (Picea abies) and Scots pine-SPL (Pinus sylvestris) litters with the aim to assess their release and accumulation dynamics. Litter bags (8×8cm) were incubated in paired monoculture stands of both the species for upto five years from 1979-1984 according to a randomized block design comprising 25 blocks (1×1 m) within an area of 625 m2. Decomposition rate was slightly higher for SPL (k = 0.315) compared to that of NSL (k= 0.217). During litter decomposition, until ~70% accumulated mass loss (AML), concentration of trace elements increased >50% in both litter types relative to initial concentrations. The pattern of concentration change was non-linear, and polynomial quadratic regression between concentration change and AML resulted in a significant relationships (adj R2= 0.20–0.97; P = 0.15–<0.0001). The changes in concentration and amount of trace elements resulted in two main types of dynamics; (i) both concentration and amount increased for Fe, Al, Ti, Cu, Mo, V, Zr, Sb, As, Cs, Pb, Th and U; (ii) concentration increased but amount decreased for Ni, Zn, Li and Sr. REEs’ amounts increased ~3-fold to 99-fold between the beginning and end of incubations suggesting accumulation during litter decomposition. Dynamics of different REEs were similar in their patterns of change in the two litters. Different REEs, had generally identical patterns of change during incubation, which is reflected in the high correlations among them (r2 = >0.95). A general upward convexity in the dynamics hints that if further incubated in the field, decomposing litter could have accumulated more REE in the organic matter. The results of this study can be useful for future studies in other ecosystems including metal-contaminated sites or element depleted sites. Plant litter accumulation, its decomposition and build-up of humic substances in the decomposing organic matter can act as sink for elements and can be used as a management tool for ecological amelioration of metal-contaminated sites as well as natural systems that are impoverished, especially recuperating ones. The study's findings have implications beyond such sites and can be useful in any research that seeks to understand the patterns of accumulation and release related to decomposition in different ecosystems.
Overexpression of BRD4 in Gastric Cancer and its Clinical Significance as
a Novel Therapeutic Target
Authors: Zhang Mengying , Huang Hong , Wei Meijiao , Sun Mengjia , Deng Guojin , Hu Shuiqing , Wang Hongbo , Gong Yanling 
Published: June 2023

Background:
BRD4 is a member of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET)
family of proteins, containing two bromodomains and one extra terminal domain, and is overexpressed
in several human malignancies. However, its expression in gastric cancer has not yet been well illustrated.

Objective:
This study aimed to elucidate the overexpression of BRD4 in gastric cancer and its clinical
significance as a novel therapeutic target.

Methods:
Fresh gastric cancer tissues and paraffin-embedded specimens of gastric cancer patients
were collected, and the BRD4 expression was examined by Western Blot Analysis (WB) and Immunohistochemistry
Analysis (IHC), respectively. The possible relationship between BRD4 expression
and the clinicopathological features as well as survival in gastric cancer patients was analyzed. The
effect of BRD4 silencing on human gastric cancer cell lines was investigated by MTT assay, WB,
wound healing assay, and Transwell invasion.

Results:
The results showed that the expression level in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues was significantly
higher than that in normal tissues, respectively (P < 0.01). BRD4 expression level in gastric
cancer tissues was strongly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiated degree (P = 0.033), regional
lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.038), clinical staging (P = 0.002), and survival situation (P =
0.000), while the gender (P = 0.564), age (P = 0.926) and infiltrating depth (P = 0.619) of patients
were not associated. Increased BRD4 expression resulted in poor overall survival (P = 0.003). In in
vitro assays, BRD4 small interfering RNA resulted in significantly decreased BRD4 protein expression,
therefore inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

Conclusion:
BRD4 might be a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic target
in gastric cancer.
Prediction of Fragmentation Pathway of Azilsartan Protonated Ion Using
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS/MS) with Q-TOF Analyzer-
A Perspective Study
Authors: Alluri Chandramohan , Naramsetti Kiran Kumar , Sharma Ganapavarapu Veera Raghava 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
UPLC coupled with a high-resolution mass analyzer i.e, Q-TOF analyzer with
electrospray ionization (ESI) source using collision-induced dissociation (CID) method was applied to
study the characteristic product ions of azilsartan protonated ion.

Method:
The experimental results of high-resolution mass spectra explained the elemental compositions
of product ions accurately and reasonable fragmentation pathways were proposed for azilsartan protonated
ions. Calculated mass error in parts per million (ppm) for molecular ions and product ions and results
of mass error found from this study from 0.2 ppm to 3.5 ppm.

Result:
The characteristic fragmentation pathways were helpful to analyze and interpret the stability and
possible degradation pathway of the parent ion.

Conclusion:
The present study explains the significant role of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the
structural analysis of the protonated ion of azilsartan.