bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of trace metals in Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) grown under wastewater irrigation conditions
Authors: Ahmed Dalia Abd El-Azeem , Slima Dalia Fahmy , Al-Yasi Hatim M. , Hassan Loutfy M. , Galal Tarek M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeavy
metal contamination of food crop plants is viewed as a global issue. Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), and mercury (Hg) are poisonous. Depending on their concentration and capacity for bioaccumulation, they can provide a range of health risks.This research sought to investigate the effects of toxic metals (TMs) on the growth characteristics of produced tomatoes grown under wastewater irrigation. Additionally, it looked into the potential repercussions of both domestic and foreign individuals consuming this plant. In south Cairo, Egypt, two study locations were looked into: a control site in Abu Ragwan, which received water from tributaries of the Nile River, and a contaminated site in El-Shobak El-Sharky, which had raw industrial wastewater. The nutrients of soil and tomato plants (N, P, and K) decreased (P < 0.01), while TMs increased (P < 0.001) significantly as a result of using wastewater for irrigation. Except for Cu, all examined TM accumulating in tomato plants’ roots as opposed to shoots had a bioaccumulation factor (BF) > 1. However, the tomato plant’s shoot had solely undergone Pb and Ni translocation and storage, with a translocation factor (TF) > 1. A significant amount of Fe (5000.1 mg kg−1), Pb (360.7 mg kg−1), and Mn (356.3 mg kg−1) were present in the edible fruits. The ingestion of contaminated crops increases the daily intake rate of metals (DIR). The values of the high hazard quotient (HQ) were obtained (2073.8 and 2558.9 for Pb, 574.0 and 708.3 for Cd, and 41.1 and 50.7 for Fe for adults and children, respectively). Therefore, tomato plants grown in soils irrigated with untreated wastewater may offer a greater danger to human health, indicating that they should not be grown as a crop for human consumption.
The reciprocal relationship among Chinese senior secondary students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and cognitive engagement in learning mathematics: a three-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Yang Xinrong , Sun Xiaojian , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the present longitudinal study, cross-lagged path models were applied to investigate the potential reciprocal relationships between senior secondary school students’ motivation and their cognitive engagement, using data from 623 Chinese senior secondary school students across 2 years. The 623 students completed self-reported measures of motivation and engagement at three time points within 2 years. The results suggest that the participants held a mixed type of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to learn mathematics and did not hold a deep level of cognitive engagement in mathematics learning. Compared with their extrinisic motivation, their intrinsic motivation to learn mathematics was more closely related to their cognitive engagement in mathematics learning, which points to a stronger reciprocal effect between their cognitive engagement and intrinsic motivation. The findings suggest that societal and cultural factors, such as the strong examination culture and high external expectations might be influential factors affecting the reciprocal relationships among students’ motivation and cognitive engagement.
Summer Clinical Oncology Research Experience (SCORE) Program: Engaging Undergraduates from Diverse Backgrounds in Cancer Research
Authors: Liberman Laura , Singh Priya , Tan Kay See , Gotian Ruth 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Diversifying the future cancer research workforce requires that students engage in cancer research, persist in paths toward science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) fields, and choose cancer research careers. The Summer Clinical Oncology Research Experience (SCORE) Program at Memorial Sloan Kettering, designed in 2010 to engage undergraduate (U) and post-baccalaureate (PB) students from diverse backgrounds in cancer research, is an 8-week summer program pairing an U or PB student with a faculty mentor to conduct cancer research. We report demographics and career paths for 2010–2019 SCORE students. Of 116 students, 112 (97%) attended public universities, and 75 (64%) were in their first 2 years of college. Race/ethnicity was Black/African American, 20 (17%); Hispanic/Latinx, 15 (13%); multiracial, five (4%); Asian, 40 (34%); White/Caucasian, 36 (31%). A total of 112 (97%) identified as female; 47 (41%) were first-generation college students, and 85 (73%) were from immigrant families. As of 2021, 114 (98%) persisted in paths toward STEMM careers: 44 (38%) medical school (MS) students, 14 (12%) residents, two (2%) practicing physicians, 12 (10%) pursuing non-MD STEMM advanced degrees, 21 (18%) working in non-MD STEMM fields, 17 (15%) applying to MS, and 4 (3%) U science majors. Cancer research participation significantly increased from 5% pre- to 84% post-SCORE. A total of 63/116 (54%) students subsequently co-authored 152 peer-reviewed publications, including 105 (69%) in oncology. SCORE engaged underrepresented U and PB students in cancer research, and 98% of these students persisted in paths toward STEMM careers. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the enduring engagement of these underrepresented students in cancer research.
Performance of real-time neutron/gamma discrimination methods
Authors: Liu Shi-Xing , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zi-Han , Lin Shuang , Cao Hong-Rui , Song Cheng-Xin , Zhao Jin-Long , Zhong Guo-Qiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNuclear security usually requires the simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays. With the development of crystalline materials in recent years, Cs2LiLaBr6 (CLLB) dual-readout detectors have attracted extensive attention from researchers, where real-time neutron/gamma pulse discrimination is the critical factor among detector performance parameters. This study investigated the discrimination performance of the charge comparison, amplitude comparison, time comparison, and pulse gradient methods and the effects of a Sallen–Key filter on their performance. Experimental results show that the figure of merit (FOM) of all four methods is improved by proper filtering. Among them, the charge comparison method exhibits excellent noise resistance; moreover, it is the most suitable method of real-time discrimination for CLLB detectors. However, its discrimination performance depends on the parameters $${t}_\text{s}$$

t
s

, $${t}_\text{m}$$

t
m

, and $${t}_\text{e}$$

t
e

. When $${t}_\text{s}$$

t
s

corresponds to the moment at which the pulse is at 10% of its peak value, $${t}_\text{e}$$

t
e

requires a delay of only 640–740 ns compared to $${t}_\text{s}$$

t
s

, at which time the potentially optimal FOM of the charge comparison method at 3.1–3.3 MeV is greater than 1.46. The FOM obtained using the $${t}_\text{m}$$

t
m

value calculated by a proposed maximized discrimination difference model (MDDM) and the potentially optimal FOM differ by less than 3.9%, indicating that the model can provide good guidance for parameter selection in the charge comparison method.
Grievance Mechanisms in Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives: Providing Effective Remedy for Human Rights Violations?
Authors: Harrison James , Wielga Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article presents an empirical study of six grievance mechanisms in multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs). It argues that key characteristics of each grievance mechanism as well as the contexts in which they operate significantly affect human rights outcomes. However, even the most successful mechanisms only manage to produce remedies in particular types of cases and contexts. The research also finds that it is prohibitively difficult to determine whether ‘effective’ remedy has been achieved in individual cases. Furthermore, the key intervention by the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), to prescribe a set of effectiveness criteria for designing or revising MSI grievance mechanisms, itself appears ineffective in stimulating better outcomes for rights-holders. Drawing on these findings, the article reflects on the future potential and limitations of MSI grievance mechanisms within broader struggles to ensure business respect for human rights.
Eppur si Muove! Young People, Issue Salience and Volatility in Nine European Countries
Authors: Kiess Johannes , Portos Martín 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolitical participation and party attachment in Western democracies have become more and more volatile. In turn, political campaigns seem increasingly dependent on short-term discursive windows of opportunity opened by dynamic debates on issues such as migration, climate, employment and economic policies. Based on panel data from nine European countries, we investigate how patterns and changes in the materialist and postmaterialist concerns of respondents affect electoral turnout and party switching. By relating these variables, we aim to uncover whether and to what extent underlying concerns – and thus short-term politicization – account for short-term patterns of electoral volatility. We pay special attention to young respondents, who are often framed as being particularly dynamic and less bound to traditional political loyalties. Our findings offer insights into short-term change in discursive opportunities for political mobilization and broader democratic engagement.
PROOF OF A CONJECTURE OF BANERJEE AND DASTIDAR ON ODD CRANK
Authors: TANG DAZHAO 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, when studying intricate connections between Ramanujan’s theta functions and a class of partition functions, Banerjee and Dastidar [‘Ramanujan’s theta functions and parity of parts and cranks of partitions’, Ann. Comb., to appear] studied some arithmetic properties for
$c_o(n)$
, the number of partitions of n with odd crank. They conjectured a congruence modulo
$4$
satisfied by
$c_o(n)$
. We confirm the conjecture and evaluate
$c_o(4n)$
modulo
$8$
by dissecting some q-series into even powers. Moreover, we give a conjecture on the density of divisibility of odd cranks modulo 4, 8 and 16.
Is dieting a risk for higher weight gain in normal-weight individual? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pélissier Léna , Bagot Sarah , Miles-Chan Jennifer Lynn , Pereira Bruno , Boirie Yves , Duclos Martine , Dulloo Abdul , Isacco Laurie , Thivel David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile there is an increasing prevalence of dieting in the overall population, weight loss (WL) practices could be a risk factor for weight gain (WG) in normal-weight (NW) individuals. The aim of the present work was to systematically review all the studies implicating diet restriction and body weight (BW) evolution in NW people. The literature search was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021281442) and was performed in three databases from April 2021 to June 2022 for articles involving healthy NW adults. From a total of 1487 records initially identified, eighteen were selected in the systematic review. Of the eight dieting interventional studies, only one found a higher BW after weight recovery, but 75 % of them highlighted metabolic adaptations in response to WL favouring weight regain and persisting during/after BW recovery. Eight of the ten observational studies showed a relationship between dieting and major later WG, while the meta-analysis of observational studies results indicated that ‘dieters’ have a higher BW than ‘non-dieters’. However, considering the high methodological heterogeneity and the publication bias of the studies, this result should be taken with caution. Moreover, the term ‘diet’ was poorly described, and we observed a large heterogeneity of the methods used to assess dieting status. Present results suggest that dieting could be a major risk factor for WG in the long term in NW individuals. There is, however, a real need for prospective randomised controlled studies, specifically assessing the relationship between WL induced by diet and subsequent weight in this population.
RETHINKING RISK-TAKING: THE DEATH OF VOLENTI?
Authors: Gardner Jodi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVolenti non fit injuria allows a negligent defendant to escape liability by showing that the claimant voluntarily and willingly accepted the risk in question. This article combines the theoretical limitations of the volenti defence with a case analysis of how its application has played out in the “real world”, and argues it is not fit for modern tort law. The defence has a controversial and chequered history, being described as a “so-called principle … of little help: indeed, it is confusing, unnecessary, and if we are not careful, it will lead us to the wrong outcome”. It is submitted that volenti is based on unjustified concepts of people agreeing to risks, leads to harmful outcomes and that the defence does not fit with current approaches to tort liability. This article therefore concludes that the harmful outcomes of the volenti defence far exceed any potential benefits provided, and the defence should therefore be abolished.
The development and usability of a web-based mobile application as a dairy intake screener for South African adults
Authors: Piderit Monique C. , White Zelda , Wenhold Friedeburg A. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPaper-based dietary assessment tools such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and especially dietary screeners are making way for versions that use technology. Amidst low intakes of dairy and dairy-related nutrients in South Africa, and to increase public awareness thereof, we aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of an application (app) to screen for dairy intake in higher income South African adults. In a consultative process, a dairy intake screener (‘Dairy Diary’) was developed as an eight-item quantitative FFQ with four types of commonly consumed local dairy products: milk, maas (fermented milk), yoghurt, and cheese. For each dairy product, usual frequency of consumption and portion size per eating occasion were scored resulting in three risk classes: <1 serving daily; 1≤2 servings daily; ≥2 servings daily. Digitalisation included product- and portion-specific graphics with linkage to risk class-relevant preliminary dairy-related guidance as part of a web-based mobile app. For the evaluation of the usability, the 26-item end-user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) was used in an online cross-sectional survey (Qualtrics; April 2020). Items were scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale, resulting in three final app scores. From a conveniently recruited sample of 1102, 703 (64%; 81% female; mean age 29.8 ± 11.0 years) were retained for analysis. uMARS-informed descriptive statistics summarise the findings. The uMARS app mean objective quality score (3.9 ± 0.85), app subjective quality score (3.5 ± 0.77), app-specific score (3.6 ± 0.94), and additional question on e-portion (4.3 ± 0.78) met the minimum acceptability score of ≥3.0. For the subscales, the mean score for aesthetics was the highest (4.4 ± 0.82), followed by information (4.3 ± 0.90) and functionality (4.0 ± 1.33). Engagement scored lowest (3.0 ± 1.55). The ‘Dairy Diary’ is a user-friendly screener for dairy intake.
Weakly institutionalized, heavily contested: Does support for contemporary welfare reforms rely on norms of distributive justice?
Authors: Van Hootegem Arno , Abts Koen , Meuleman Bart 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThree reforms each appealing to a different logic of (re)distribution are strongly politicized in contemporary welfare states: means-tested benefits, demanding activation policies and basic income schemes. While the policy design of means-tested benefits relies on the distributive justice principle of need, demanding activation policies are intrinsically related to the principle of equity and basic income schemes depend on equality. Based on the moral economy and policy feedback literatures, which assume that public opinion adapts to the normative conceptions of justice encapsulated by institutions, attitudes towards these welfare reforms are expected to be grounded on these distributive logics. However, as these reforms are weakly institutionalized and their underlying principles are politically contested, the normative foundation of their public support remains unclear. This study investigates how distributive justice preferences shape support for these proposals by applying structural equation modelling on data from the CRONOS panel linked to the European Social Survey round 8 (2016/2017). Results indicate that only basic income schemes and demanding activation policies are to some extent connected to each of the justice principles. Overall, this study nevertheless indicates that the justice principles have limited explanatory power, which confirms that attitudes towards contemporary welfare reforms rely weakly on justice norms.
Obstacle avoidance method for fixed trajectory of a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator
Authors: Quan Yuan , Wang Ke , Zhao Chong , Lv Congmin , Zhao Haifeng , Lv Hongyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper, based on the idea of redundancy angle discretisation, proposes an obstacle avoidance method for the fixed tip pose trajectory of a seven degrees-of-freedom (7-DOF) modular manipulator. First, for the case in which a specific redundancy angle is given, the analytical solutions of the redundant manipulator left 6-DOF subchain are found. Then, through the discretisation of the redundancy angle, the concept of the self-motion space of the tip pose is proposed and is extended to the concept of the self-motion space of the trajectory. Based on this discrete space, a path-planning algorithm is proposed to help select the appropriate redundancy angles to obtain the collision-free solution set of the fixed Cartesian trajectory. However, due to the large fluctuation of the obtained path, a path optimisation method based on the path cost is proposed to smooth the path, and the continuous and collision-free solution set of the manipulator tip’s trajectory is obtained. The method proposed in this paper provides a new thought for the problem of collision-free solution set planning for the Cartesian trajectory of a 7-DOF manipulator and it has great application potential in working environments with high accuracy requirements for the trajectory.
Body mass determines the role of mammal species in a frugivore-large fruit interaction network in a Neotropical savanna
Authors: Goebel Larissa Gabriela Araujo , Vitorino Breno Dias , Frota Angélica Vilas Boas , Santos-Filho Manoel dos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Frugivorous mammals play an important role in maintaining biodiversity and are considered one of the main dispersers of large seeds. In this study, we describe the structure of the interaction network between non-flying mammals and seven plant species with large fruits in a megadiverse savanna-forest mosaic in the Brazilian Cerrado. We also evaluated the individual contribution of each species to the organization of the interaction network and tested whether body mass determined the mammals’ role in the network. To record frugivory events of mammals with arboreal and terrestrial habits, camera traps were installed at ground and canopy levels. We identified 18 mammal species interacting with seven plant species in 515 frugivory events. Our observations highlight an interaction network with a modular and non-nested topology and the important role of large mammals in the network structure, which reflects the importance of the group in potential seed dispersal. The extinction of large frugivorous mammals can cause several damages to ecosystem services in the Brazilian Cerrado through changes in network structure, especially threatening the survival of plant species with large fruits.
Predicted Particle Properties (P3) Microphysics Scheme Coupled With WRF‐Chem Model: Evaluation With Convective and Stratiform Cases
Authors: Cao Qimin , Huang Yongjie , Zou Jianan , Lin Wenshi , Zhou Xu , Li Hao , Zhang Xiaotuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPredicted particle properties (P3) microphysics scheme was coupled with the weather research and forecasting (WRF)‐Chem model in this study. Cases of convective and stratiform mixed‐phase clouds were used to explore the differences and applicability of the simulation results of different types of clouds when different P3 configurations were coupled with WRF and WRF‐Chem models. For convective mixed‐phase clouds, configurations coupled with the WRF‐Chem model greatly improved the simulations of cloud properties and precipitation, which simulated more accurate magnitudes and extreme values of precipitation rate, areas of convective clouds, and more centralized distributions of heavy rainfall and high reflectivity (>45 dBZ) than WRF did compared with observations. Different configurations in WRF significantly overestimated the magnitudes and extreme values of hourly precipitation and produced dispersed rainfall distribution. Analysis showed that compared with WRF‐Chem, higher precipitation rates at the ground surface in WRF simulations were due to the overestimated mixing ratios of ice particles and stronger cold rain production processes of melting ice to raindrops. For stratiform mixed‐phase clouds, the configurations of one‐ and two‐ice categories in both WRF‐Chem and WRF models simulated the close ice macro‐ and micro‐physics properties to observations. However, little difference was observed in the ice simulations before and after the same configuration coupled with the WRF‐Chem model, which is caused by the close simulated air temperature and ice nucleation and deposition in different models.
Inhibition of CEMIP potentiates the effect of sorafenib on metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing the stiffness of lung metastases
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Xie Lulu , Zhang Yuying , Chen Jianning , Zhang Xiang , Chen Ye , Huang Wensou , Cai Mingyue , Liang Licong , Lai Miaoling , Huang Jingjun , Guo Yongjian , Lin Liteng , Zhu Kangshun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with lung metastasis is associated with poor prognosis and poor therapeutic outcomes. Studies have demonstrated that stiffened stroma can promote metastasis in various tumors. However, how the lung mechanical microenvironment favors circulating tumor cells remains unclear in metastatic HCC. Here, we found that the expression of cell migration-inducing hyaluronan-binding protein (CEMIP) was closely associated with lung metastasis and can promote pre-metastatic niche formation by increasing lung matrix stiffness. Furthermore, upregulated serum CEMIP was indicative of lung fibrotic changes severity in patients with HCC lung metastasis. By directly targeting CEMIP, pirfenidone can inhibit CEMIP/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and reduce lung metastases stiffening, demonstrating promising antitumor activity. Pirfenidone in combination with sorafenib can more effectively suppress the incidence of lung metastasis compared with sorafenib alone. This study is the first attempt to modulate the mechanical microenvironment for HCC therapy and highlights CEMIP as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of HCC lung metastasis.