bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the role of colonic and other anatomical sites uptake by [18F]FDG‐PET/CT and immune‐inflammatory peripheral blood indexes in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer treated with first‐line immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Rizzo Alessio , Cantale Ornella , Mogavero Andrea , Garetto Lucia , Racca Manuela , Venesio Tiziana , Anpalakhan Shobana , Novello Silvia , Gregorc Vanesa , Banna Giuseppe Luigi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundInflammation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may impair the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and can be indicated by peripheral blood inflammatory indexes. 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F] FDG‐PET/CT) may be used as a marker of inflammation by measuring glucose metabolism in different colonic sites.MethodsThis retrospective analysis aimed to investigate the correlation between [18F] FDGPET/CT SUVratio in six gastrointestinal districts, the spleen, the pharynx and the larynx alongside the most avid tumor lesion with peripheral blood inflammatory indexes, including the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune‐inflammatory index (SII, i.e., NLR times platelets) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in patients with [18F] FDG‐PET/CT staged IV NSCLC who received first‐line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The role of SUVratios and peripheral blood inflammatory indexes in predicting overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) was then explored.ResultsA total of 43 patients were treated with first‐line ICI alone (58%) or in combination with chemotherapy (42%). A significant correlation was only found between the rectosigmoid SUVratio and NLR (p = 0.0465). NLR >5.5 and LDH > 333.5 were associated with a worse OS (p = 0.033 and p = 0.009, respectively). The SII was associated with a worse PFS in patients treated with ICI alone (p = 0.033). None of the SUVratios were significantly associated with OS or PFS, although a high left colon SUVratio showed a trend toward a worse PFS.ConclusionThere was no significant correlation between [18F]FDG PET/CT uptake in different anatomical sites, and in the tumor, and systemic immune‐inflammatory indexes. The prognostic role of high left colon SUVratio deserves further investigation.
Safety and feasibility of preferential manual bronchoplasty in 2–3 cm single‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Qi Kang , Lin Gang , Liu Haibo , Zhang Xining , Huang Weiming , Chen Zhimao , Li Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study aimed to compare preferential manual bronchoplasty (PMB) and mechanical stapler closure (MSC) of the bronchial stump after 2–3 cm single‐port (SP) video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy in patients with pathological T1 (pT1) stage lung cancer.MethodsBetween January 2019 and March 2022, patients with pulmonary neoplasms who underwent 2–3 cm SP VATS lobectomy were retrospectively screened. After propensity‐matched analysis, we compared perioperative outcomes and analyzed the safety and feasibility of PMB and MSC of the bronchial stump while performing VATS lobectomy.ResultsIn this study, 280 and 832 patients were enrolled in the PMB and MSC groups, respectively. Propensity score matching produced 280 pairs. The operation time was shorter in the PMB group, whereas the average number of lymph nodes dissected was higher in the PMB group. The conversion rate was significantly lower in the PMB group. The following were similar between the PMB and MSC groups, respectively: average blood loss volume, postoperative hospital stay, and chest tube removal time. Postoperatively, the incidence of atelectasis was significantly higher in the MSC group. As per subgroup analyses, PMB was associated with a shorter operation time in left and right upper lobectomies. Particularly in left upper lobectomy, PMB had more lymph node dissections and less conversion to open and postoperative atelectasis.ConclusionsIn comparison with MSC of the bronchial stump, PMB showed better safety and feasibility in 2–3 cm SP VATS left and right superior lobectomies in patients with pT1 stage lung cancer.
Implementation of geriatric screening in the emergency department using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Southerland Lauren T. , Gulker Peg , Van Fossen Jenifer , Rine‐Haghiri Lorri , Caterino Jeffrey M. , Mion Lorraine C. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Cardone Michael S. , Hill Michael , Hunold Katherine M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveImplementation of evidence‐based care processes (EBP) into the emergency department (ED) is challenging and there are only a few studies of real‐world use of theory‐based implementation frameworks. We report final implementation results and sustainability of an EBP geriatric screening program in the ED using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).MethodsThe EBP involved nurses screening older patients for delirium (Delirium Triage Screen), fall risk (4‐Stage Balance Test), and vulnerability (Identification of Seniors at Risk score) with subsequent appropriate referrals to physicians, therapy specialists, or social workers. The proportions of screened adults ≥65 years old were tracked monthly. Outcomes are reported January 2021–December 2022. Barriers encountered were classified according to CFIR. Implementation strategies were classified according to the CFIR‐Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC).ResultsImplementation strategies increased geriatric screening from 5% to 68%. This did not meet our prespecified goal of 80%. Change was sustained through several COVID‐19 waves. Inner setting barriers included culture and implementation climate. Initially, the ED was treated as a single inner setting, but we found different cultures and uptake between ED units, including night versus day shifts. Characteristics of individuals barriers included high levels of staff turnover in both clinical and administrative roles and very low self‐efficacy from stress and staff turnover. Initial attempts with individualized audit and feedback were not successful in improving self‐efficacy and may have caused moral injury. Adjusting feedback to a team/unit level approach with unitwide stretch goals worked better. Identifying early adopters and conducting on‐shift education increased uptake. Lessons learned regarding ED culture, implementation in interconnected health systems, and rapid cycle process improvement are reported.ConclusionsThe pandemic exacerbated barriers to implementation in the ED. Cognizance of a large ED as a sum of smaller units and using the CFIR model resulted in improvements.
Does patent infringement litigation affect stock price crash risk? Evidence from China
Authors: Deng Hui , Xiong Lingyun , Xiao Lijuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have examined the determinants of stock price crash risk. However, extant literature overlooks the relationship between patent infringement litigation and stock price crash risk. Based on a dataset of Chinese firm‐year observations for the period 2007–2021, we fill the gap by examining how patent infringement litigation affects stock price crash risk and the underlying channels through which this effect occurs. We provide robust evidence that corporate patent infringement litigation increases its risk of one‐year‐ahead stock crash. This unfavourable effect is more pronounced in firms that were involved with invention patent infringement lawsuits, lost a patent litigation case, suffered from larger litigation costs and are defendant firms. The channel analysis confirms that increased information risks and exacerbated financial constraints are two plausible channels explaining how patent infringement litigation leads to stock price crash risk. Finally, we find that effective corporate governance and risk‐taking level are conducive to mitigate the unfavourable effect of patent infringement litigation on stock crash risk. This study enriches the literature on stock price crash risk from the perspective of patent infringement litigation.
Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction
Authors: Mules Thomas C. , Inns Stephen , Le Gros Graham 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe intestinal barrier is a dynamic multi‐layered structure which can adapt to environmental changes within the intestinal lumen. It has the complex task of allowing nutrient absorption while limiting entry of harmful microbes and microbial antigens present in the intestinal lumen. Excessive entry of microbial antigens via microbial translocation due to ‘intestinal barrier dysfunction’ is hypothesised to contribute to the increasing incidence of allergic, autoimmune and metabolic diseases, a concept referred to as the ‘epithelial barrier theory’. Helminths reside in the intestinal tract are in intimate contact with the mucosal surfaces and induce a range of local immunological changes which affect the layers of the intestinal barrier. Helminths are proposed to prevent, or even treat, many of the diseases implicated in the epithelial barrier theory. This review will focus on the effect of helminths on intestinal barrier function and explore whether this could explain the proposed health benefits delivered by helminths.
Correlation between erectile dysfunction and serum B12 levels: a 136‐case cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Keleş Mevlüt , Çırakoğlu Abdullah , Benli Erdal , Yazıcı İbrahim , Kadim Nurullah , Durmuş Hasan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) involves the inability to initiate or sustain penile erection with sufficient hardness to ensure satisfying sexual relations. Many causes are blamed in the etiology.ObjectivesIn this study, the correlation between serum vitamin B12 (vit B12) levels with ED was researched in a homogeneous case group after exclusion of all other predisposing conditions causing ED.MethodsThe study included male patients attending the urology clinic from 2015 to 2022. Patients were prospectively registered to the study. Cases were divided into two groups as low and normal according to vit B12 levels. In the study, vit B12 levels ≤200 mg/dL were accepted as low. The Sexual Health Inventory for Men‐5 (SHIM‐5) was used to assess the erectile function. The SHIM‐5 scores for the groups were compared. All patients with comorbid diseases, medication use, or previous surgical history predisposing toward ED and organic and/or psychogenic causes for ED were excluded from the study.ResultsThe study included 136 patients abiding by the study criteria among 957 patients. The mean age of cases was 63.35 ± 7.83 years. Mean vit B12 value was 320.74 ± 184.74 mg/dL and 32 cases (23.5%) had inadequate vit B12 (< 200 mg/dL). The mean SHIM‐5 value in the group was 15.48 ± 6.71. In the inadequate vit B12 and normal vit B12 groups, the mean SHIM‐5 values were 15.30 ± 6.85 and 16.06 ± 6.28, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (t = 0.562, p = 0.575). Vit B12 deficiency was identified in 26.7% of patients with sexual desire disorder (SDD) (n = 90) and 17.4% of those without SDD (X2 = 1.46, p = 0.228).DiscussionContrary to the general trend in the literature, we found no significant correlation between vit B12 levels and ED.ConclusionThere is a need for prospective randomized controlled studies for detailed analysis of the correlation between erectile dysfunction and vit B12.
Population outcomes, trends and the future of pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis: a 19‐year New South Wales data linkage study
Authors: Giddings Hugh L. , Ng Kheng‐Seong , Solomon Michael J. , Steffens Daniel , Van Buskirk Joe , Young Jane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIleal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) is considered the gold standard reconstructive option in ulcerative colitis (UC). Recent efforts to improve pouch outcomes have seen a push towards centralisation of surgery. This study aimed to document outcomes following pouch surgery at a population level within New South Wales (NSW), and identify factors associated with, and temporal trends of these outcomes.MethodsA retrospective data linkage study of the NSW population over a 19‐year period was performed. The primary outcome was pouch failure in patients with UC who underwent IPAA. The influence of hospital level factors (including annual volume) and patient demographic variables on this outcome were assessed using Cox proportional hazards modelling. Temporal trends in annual volume and evidence for centralisation over the studied period were assessed using Poisson regression analysis.ResultsThe annual volume of UC pouches reduced over the study period. The pouch failure rates were 8.6% (95% CI 6.3–10.8%) and 10.6% (95% CI 8.0–13.1%) at 5‐ and 10‐years, respectively. Increasing age and non‐elective admission were associated with higher failure rates. One‐third of UC pouches (31.6%) were performed in a single institution, which averaged 6.5 pouches/year throughout the study period. Three‐quarters (19/25) of NSW public hospitals who performed pouches performed less than one UC pouch annually.ConclusionsThe outcomes following UC pouch surgery in NSW are comparable with global standards. Concentrating IBD pouch surgery with the aim of producing specialist surgical teams may be a reasonable way forward in NSW and would ensure equity of access and facilitate research and training collaboration.
Semi‐supervised classification to determine the provenance of archaeological obsidian samples
Authors: López‐García Pedro A. , García‐Gómez Víctor H. , Acosta‐Ochoa Guillermo , Argote Denisse L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn archaeometry, the correct assignment of archaeological artefacts with their original geological sources continues to be an indispensable tool for determining exploitation patterns, trade routes, tool production and the movement of goods in ancient times. Statistically, Mahalanobis distance has been an integral part of the artefact provenance methodology. However, this method presents disadvantages when some of the theoretical assumptions are not fulfilled. In this way and with a focus on the veracity of the correct assignment of archaeological samples to their geological sources, we present a technique that employs a semi‐supervised classification based on finite mixture models. This procedure uses labelled and unlabelled data to assign samples to groups with the advantage that it does not depend on the sample size of the groups as required by Mahalanobis distance. This procedure was first applied in a controlled experiment where the exact origin of the samples is known in order to verify the accuracy of the method; afterwards, it was applied to artefacts recovered from the archaeological site of Xalasco, Tlaxcala (Mexico), from both surface and excavation collections and analysed with a portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer. The resulting groups defined that the ancient dwellers of Xalasco exploited six supply sources located in Central Mexico.
Why ethical frameworks fail to deliver in a pandemic: Are proposed alternatives an improvement?
Authors: Degeling Chris , Williams Jane , Gilbert Gwendolyn L. , Johnson Jane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the past decade, numerous ethical frameworks have been developed to support public health decision‐making in challenging areas. Before the COVID‐19 pandemic began, members of the authorship team were involved in research programmes, in which the development of ethical frameworks was planned, to guide (a) the use of new technologies for emerging infectious disease surveillance; and (b) the allocation of scarce supplies of pandemic influenza vaccine. However, as the pandemic evolved, significant practical challenges emerged that led to our questioning the value of these frameworks. We now believe that a normative instrument, such as a framework, cannot adequately or reliably provide the ethical guidance that needs to be incorporated into public health decision‐making during natural disasters or infectious disease emergencies. Recently it has been suggested that there are potentially more dynamic, flexible, and effective ways to navigate decisions involving complex considerations entailed in policies and practices during a public health emergency. In this paper, we first outline the key functions of a public health ethics framework, before describing why we believe it would not be fit for purpose during a crisis. We end by considering whether proposed alternative methods to promote ethical public health decision‐making goals have the potential to meet these objectives.
Telepresence robotic technology support for social connectedness during treatment of children with cancer
Authors: Weibel Mette , Hallström Inger Kristensson , Skoubo Sofie , Bertel Lykke Brogaard , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Larsen Hanne Bækgaard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChildren with cancer experience fragmented school attendance during treatment. Telepresence robots that connect them with school during treatment periods were explored through an intervention involving participant observation followed by semi‐structured interviews from 2020–22 with children with cancer, their class teachers, and classmates. We used an abductive approach, inspired by the Agential Realism theory and Situational Analysis. The use of telepresence robots in education enables hospitalized children to actively participate in real‐time social activities with their classmates. However, consistent monitoring is necessary to ensure the success of this integration process as the classmates can lose interest in providing support to a child with cancer.
Acute regression of a melanocytic neoplasm
Authors: Hoskins Sidney , Vale Spencer M. , Moshiri Ata S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImmune‐mediated regression of melanocytic neoplasms is predominantly lymphocytic, driven by CD8+ anti‐tumoral T‐cells and, rarely, natural killer cells. Histopathologic features of regression include effacement of the epidermis, replacement of tumor cells by a fibrotic stroma, varying degrees of chronic inflammation (usually lymphocytes) and melanophages, as well as vascular ectasia and angioplasia. The understanding of regression and the complex immune response in melanoma has led to the development of targeted immunotherapy in melanoma. Here, we report a case of near‐complete regression of a melanocytic neoplasm associated with neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation, suggesting a non‐traditional pathway of regression that has yet to be explored.
Neurostimulation for childhood epilepsy
Authors: Mertens Ann , Boon Paul , Vonck Kristl 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe experience with neurostimulation for childhood epilepsy is far less extensive than for adults. Nevertheless, the implementation of these techniques could be of great value, especially considering the detrimental effects of ongoing seizures on the developing brain. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for neurostimulation for childhood epilepsy. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is the most studied neurostimulation modality in children. Based on mostly retrospective, open‐label studies, we can conclude that VNS has a similar safety and efficacy profile in children compared to adults. Although there is little available evidence for deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) in children, both DBS and RNS show promise in reducing seizure frequency with few complications. The implementation of non‐invasive techniques with a more appealing safety profile has gained interest. Small randomized control trials and open‐label studies have investigated transcranial direct current simulation for childhood epilepsy, demonstrating promising but inconsistent findings.
Assessing the effects of head modelling errors and measurement noise on EEG source localization accuracy in preterm newborns: A single‐subject study
Authors: Azizollahi Hamed , Aarabi Ardalan , Kazemi Kamran , Wallois Fabrice 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe accuracy of electroencephalogram (EEG) source localization is compromised because of head modelling errors. In this study, we investigated the effect of inaccuracy in the conductivity of head tissues and head model structural deficiencies on the accuracy of EEG source analysis in premature neonates. A series of EEG forward and inverse simulations was performed by introducing structural deficiencies into the reference head models to generate test models, which were then used to investigate head modelling errors caused by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exclusion, lack of grey matter (GM)–white matter (WM) distinction, fontanel exclusion and inaccuracy in skull conductivity. The modelling errors were computed between forward and inverse solutions obtained using the reference and test models generated for each deficiency. Our results showed that the exclusion of CSF from the head model had a strong widespread effect on the accuracy of the EEG source localization with position errors lower than 4.17 mm. The GM and WM distinction also caused strong localization errors (up to 3.5 mm). The exclusion of fontanels from the head model also strongly affected the accuracy of the EEG source localization for sources located beneath the fontanels with a maximum localization error of 4.37 mm. Similarly, inaccuracies in the skull conductivity caused errors in EEG forward and inverse modelling in sources beneath cranial bones. Our results indicate that the accuracy of EEG source imaging in premature neonates can be largely improved by using head models, which include not only the brain, skull and scalp but also the CSF, GM, WM and fontanels.
Alternative life‐history strategy contributions to effective population size in a naturally spawning salmon population
Authors: King Erika , McPhee Megan V. , Vulstek Scott C. , Cunningham Curry J. , Russell Joshua R. , Tallmon David A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlternative life‐history tactics are predicted to affect within‐population genetic processes but have received little attention. For example, the impact of precocious males on effective population size (Ne) has not been quantified directly in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., even though they can make up a large percentage of the total male spawners. We investigated the contribution of precocial males (“jacks”) to Ne in a naturally spawning population of Coho Salmon O. kisutch from the Auke Creek watershed in Juneau, Alaska. Mature adults that returned from 2009 to 2019 (~8000 individuals) were genotyped at 259 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for parentage analysis. We used demographic and genetic methods to estimate the effective number of breeders per year (Nb). Jack contribution to Nb was assessed by comparing values of Nb calculated with and without jacks and their offspring. Over a range of Nb values (108–406), the average jack contribution to Nb from 2009 to 2015 was 12.9% (SE = 3.8%). Jacks consistently made up over 20% of the total male spawners. The presence of jacks did not seem to influence Nb/N. The linkage disequilibrium Ne estimate was lower than the demographic estimate, possibly due to immigration effects on population genetic processes: based on external marks and parentage data, we estimated that immigrant spawners produced 4.5% of all returning offspring. Our results demonstrate that jacks can influence Nb and Ne and can make a substantial contribution to population dynamics and conservation of threatened stocks.