bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel and Simplified Parameter for Mandible Angle Asymmetry Evaluation in Chinese Females
Authors: Zhong Yehong , Chen Zhewei , Lei Bowen , Sun Tiecheng , Li Binghang , Ma Hengyuan , Yang Bin 
Published: March 2023

Aim:To develop a novel and simplified parameter for mandible angle asymmetry (MAA) evaluation for facial countering surgeries in Chinese females.Materials and Methods:A total of 250 craniofacial computer tomography of healthy Chinese individuals were collected in this retrospective study. Mimics 21.0 was applied for 3-dimensional anthropometry. The Frankfort and Green planes were set as referenced vertical and horizontal planes for measuring the distances to gonions. The differences in both orientations were analyzed to verify the symmetry. Mandible angle asymmetry (∠Go-N-ANS, MAA) which comprehensively represented horizontal and vertical placements was defined qas the novel parameter for asymmetric evaluation and quantitative analysis was conducted to generate referenced materials.Results:Mandible angle asymmetry was divided into horizontal and vertical asymmetry. No significant differences were found in either horizontal or vertical orientations. The horizontal difference was 3.09±2.52 mm, the reference range was (0.28, 7.54) mm, whereas the±ertical difference was 2.59±2.48 mm, the reference range was (0.12, 6.34) mm. The difference of MAA was 1.74±1.30 degrees, and the reference range was (0.10,4.32）degrees.Conclusion:This study provided a novel parameter for asymmetric evaluation in the mandible angle region through quantitative 3-dimensional anthropometry, arousing plastic surgeons’ attention to both aesthetics and symmetry in facial contouring surgery.
Using a Delphi Method Approach to Select Theoretical Underpinnings of Crowdsourcing and Rank Their Application to a Crowdsourcing App
Authors: Clarke Krystina M. , Barari Ahmad , Hogue Andrew , Dubrowski Adam 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Since the catapult of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, most simulation laboratories are now completed virtually, leaving a gap in skills training and potential for technical skills decay. Acquiring standard, commercially available simulators is prohibitively expensive, but three-dimensional (3D) printing may provide an alternative. This project aimed to develop the theoretical foundations of a crowdsourcing Web-based application (Web app) to fill the gap in health professions simulation training equipment via community-based 3D printing. We aimed to discover how to effectively leverage crowdsourcing with local 3D printers and use these resources to produce simulators via this Web app accessed through computers or smart devices.

Methods
First, a scoping literature review was conducted to discover the theoretical underpinnings of crowdsourcing. Second, these review results were ranked by consumer (health field) and producer (3D printing field) groups via modified Delphi method surveys to determine suitable community engagement strategies for the Web app. Third, the results informed different app iteration ideas and were then generalized beyond the app to address scenarios entailing environmental changes and demands.

Results
A scoping review revealed 8 crowdsourcing-related theories. Three were deemed most suitable for our context by both participant groups: Motivation Crowding Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Transaction Cost Theory. Each theory proposed a different crowdsourcing solution that can streamline additive manufacturing within simulation while applicable to multiple contexts.

Conclusions
Results will be aggregated to develop this flexible Web app that adapts to stakeholder needs and ultimately solves this gap by delivering home-based simulation via community mobilization.
FasterRib: A deep learning algorithm to automate identification and characterization of rib fractures on chest computed tomography scans
Authors: Edamadaka Sathya , Brown David W. , Swaroop Roshan , Kolodner Matthew , Spain David A. , Forrester Joseph D. , Choi Jeff 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Characterizing and enumerating rib fractures are critical to informing clinical decisions, yet in-depth characterization is rarely performed because of the manual burden of annotating these injuries on computed tomography (CT) scans. We hypothesized that our deep learning model, FasterRib, could predict the location and percentage displacement of rib fractures using chest CT scans.

METHODS
The development and internal validation cohort comprised more than 4,700 annotated rib fractures from 500 chest CT scans within the public RibFrac. We trained a convolutional neural network to predict bounding boxes around each fracture per CT slice. Adapting an existing rib segmentation model, FasterRib outputs the three-dimensional locations of each fracture (rib number and laterality). A deterministic formula analyzed cortical contact between bone segments to compute percentage displacements. We externally validated our model on our institution's data set.

RESULTS
FasterRib predicted precise rib fracture locations with 0.95 sensitivity, 0.90 precision, 0.92 f1 score, with an average of 1.3 false-positive fractures per scan. On external validation, FasterRib achieved 0.97 sensitivity, 0.96 precision, and 0.97 f1 score, and 2.24 false-positive fractures per scan. Our publicly available algorithm automatically outputs the location and percent displacement of each predicted rib fracture for multiple input CT scans.

CONCLUSION
We built a deep learning algorithm that automates rib fracture detection and characterization using chest CT scans. FasterRib achieved the highest recall and the second highest precision among known algorithms in literature. Our open source code could facilitate FasterRib's adaptation for similar computer vision tasks and further improvements via large-scale external validation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Tests/Criteria; Level III.
Multicompartmental traumatic injury induces sex-specific alterations in the gut microbiome
Authors: Munley Jennifer A. , Kelly Lauren S. , Park Gwoncheol , Gillies Gwendolyn S. , Pons Erick E. , Kannan Kolenkode B. , Whitley Elizabeth M. , Bible Letitia E. , Efron Philip A. , Nagpal Ravinder , Mohr Alicia M. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Previous preclinical studies have demonstrated an altered gut microbiome after traumatic injury; however, the impact of sex on dysbiosis remains unknown. We hypothesized that the “pathobiome” phenotype induced by multicompartmental injuries and chronic stress is host sex specific with unique microbiome signatures.

METHODS
Male and proestrus female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8/group) aged 9 weeks to 11 weeks were subjected to either multicompartmental injury (PT) (lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, cecectomy, bifemoral pseudofractures), PT plus 2 hours daily chronic restraint stress (PT/CS) or naive controls. Fecal microbiome was measured on Days 0 and 2 using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology bioinformatics analyses. Microbial alpha-diversity was assessed using Chao1 (number of different unique species) and Shannon (species richness and evenness) indices. Beta-diversity was assessed using principle coordinate analysis. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by plasma occludin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Histologic evaluation of ileum and colon tissues was scored for injury by a blinded pathologist. Analyses were performed in GraphPad and R, with significance defined as p < 0.05 between males versus females.

RESULTS
At baseline, females had significantly elevated alpha-diversity (Chao1, Shannon indices) compared with males (p < 0.05) which was no longer present 2 days postinjury in PT and PT/CS. Beta-diversity also differed significantly between males and females after PT (p = 0.01). At Day 2, the microbial composition in PT/CS females was dominated by Bifidobacterium, whereas PT males demonstrated elevated levels of Roseburia (p < 0.01). The PT/CS males had significantly elevated ileum injury scores compared with females (p = 0.0002). Plasma occludin was higher in PT males compared with females (p = 0.004); plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein was elevated in PT/CS males (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSION
Multicompartmental trauma induces significant alterations in microbiome diversity and taxa, but these signatures differ by host sex. These findings suggest that sex is an important biological variable that may influence outcomes after severe trauma and critical illness.
A unique gene expression signature in visceral adipose tissue identifies a high blood pressure group in patients with Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Stifel Ulrich , Vogel Frederick , Caratti Giorgio , Reincke Martin , Tuckermann Jan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disease caused by excess cortisol levels with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is a frequent feature of Cushing’s syndrome, promoting hypercortisolism-associated cardiovascular events. Adipose tissue is a highly plastic tissue with most of the major cell types strongly affected in their function by the excess cortisol exposure. We hypothesized that the molecular and cellular changes of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in response to cortisol excess can impact on systemic blood pressure levels in patients with CS. We, therefore, investigated gene expression signatures in VAT from patients with CS collected during curative adrenal surgery identifying significant alterations. During active CS we observed a strong downregulation of gene programs associated with immunity and inflammation in the VAT. In addition, we observed an clustering of the patients based on VAT gene expression profiles into two groups (CSLowand CSHigh) according to blood pressure levels. The two clusters showed significant differences in gene expression pattens of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS). Renin (REN) was the strongest regulated gene compared to control patients and its expression correlated with increased blood pressure observed in our patients while systemic renin plasma levels were suppressed indicative of an abnormal blood pressure and volume status in response to VAT RAAS activation. Here we show for the first time a relevant contribution of the local RAAS system on systemic blood pressure levels in patients with CS. Patients from the CSHighgroup had still a significant increased blood pressure levels 6 months into remission, highlighting the importance of local tissue effects on long-term systemic effects observed in CS.
Management of Risk Factors for Health Care Workers After Initial Contact with Patients Infected with SARS-COV-2 in Niamey, The Center of the Epidemic in Niger
Authors: Ramatoulaye Hamidou Lazoumar , Abdal-Kader Aliou Sanda , Lagare Adamou , Maiga Mahamadou A , Aliane Fakani Aboutalib , Sylviane François Comlan Aida , Issa Idi , Sidikou Bibata Abdou , Oumarou Garda Idé , sidiki Ali , Aouta Zeinabou Abdou , Moussa Amina , Alassan Zeinabou Dioffo , Karidjo Ibrahim , Bachir Goni Alhassan Maman , Djibo Issifou , Moussa Salia , Laminou Ibrahim Maman , Jambou Ronan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe covid-19 pandemic is caused by a new corona virus called SARS Cov-2. Health care workers are particularly exposed target.Aimthis study aims to analyze the risk factors of SARS-Cov-2 infection in health workers who have been in contact with positive patient.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort conducted among health workers from March 2022 to January 2021 in health care facilities in Niamey. A questionnaire was administrated at inclusion. rRT-PCR was performed if clinical signs were present. ELISA testing was performed at baseline, day15 and day 30. The chi-square or Fisher test, Kaplan-Meir survival model, Cow regression and logistic regression were used as statistical test.Results259 health workers were included. More than half of the respondents were female. 45.95% of the participants were nurses and 36.68% were physicians. The prevalence of Covid-19 was 28.8%. 56.4% of the participants had positive serology at day 30. The risk factors associated with Covid-19 were professional category (p=0.024). Membership structure (p<0.001) and the chronic liver disease (p=0.034). Hand hygiene (p=0.019) and alcohol-based hand cleaning (p<0.001) protects against the occurrence of SARS-Cov-2 infection. According to the characterization of the preventive measures those who practiced them rarely were associated with a positive rRT-PCR and those who practice them occasionally or most of the time were associated with negative serology and rRT-PCR.ConclusionComorbidities, function and affiliation are the main risk factors for Covid-19 and hand hygiene is a protective factor.
Pilot study of the association between microbiome and the development of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae after traumatic stress exposure
Authors: Zeamer Abigail L , Salive Marie-Claire , An Xinming , House Stacey L , Beaudoin Francesca L , Stevens Jennifer S , Zeng Donglin , Neylan Thomas C , Clifford Gari D , Linnstaedt Sarah D , Rauch Scott L , Storrow Alan B , Lewandowski Christopher , Musey Paul I , Hendry Phyllis L , Sheikh Sophia , Jones Christopher W , Punches Brittany E , Swor Robert A , Hudak Lauren A , Pascual Jose L , Seamon Mark J , Harris Erica , Pearson Claire , Peak David A , Merchant Roland C , Domeier Robert M , Rathlev Niels K , O’Neil Brian J , Sergot Paulina , Sanchez Leon D , Bruce Steven E , Kessler Ronald C , Koenen Karestan C , McLean Samuel A , Bucci Vanni , Haran John P 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients exposed to trauma often experience high rates of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS). The biologic mechanisms promoting APNS are currently unknown, but the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers an avenue to understanding mechanisms as well as possibilities for intervention. Microbiome composition at the time of trauma exposure has been poorly examined regarding neuropsychiatric outcomes. We aimed to determine whether baseline the gut microbiomes of trauma-exposed emergency department patients who later develop APNS have dysfunctional gut microbiome profiles and discover potential associated mechanisms.MethodsWe performed metagenomic analysis on stool samples (n=51) from a subset of adults enrolled in the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA (AURORA) study. Twelve-week post-trauma outcomes for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD checklist for DSM-5), normalized depression scores (PROMIS Depression Short Form 8b) and somatic symptom counts were collected. Generalized linear models were created for each outcome using microbial abundances and relevant demographics. Mixed-effect random forest machine learning models were used to identify associations between APNS outcomes and microbial features and metabolic pathways.ResultsMicrobial species, includingFlavonifactor plauttiandRuminococcus gnavus,which are associated with inflammation and poor health outcomes, were found to be important in predicting worse APNS outcomes. Notably, worse APNS outcomes were highly predicted by decreased L-arginine related pathway genes and increased citrulline and ornithine pathways.ConclusionsPro-inflammatory microbes that are enriched in individuals who develop APNS. More notably, we identified a biological mechanism through which the gut microbiome reduces global arginine bioavailability, which also has been demonstrated in patients with PTSD.
Hip joint space width is causally related to hip osteoarthritis risk via distinct protective and susceptibility mechanisms: findings from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis
Authors: Frysz Monika , Faber Benjamin G. , Boer Cindy G. , Evans Daniel S. , Ebsim Raja , Flynn Kaitlyn A. , Lundberg Mischa , Southam Lorraine , Hartley April , Saunders Fiona R. , Lindner Claudia , Gregory Jennifer S. , Aspden Richard M. , Lane Nancy E. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Evans David M. , Zeggini Eleftheria , Smith George Davey , Cootes Timothy , Van Meurs Joyce , Kemp John P. , Tobias Jonathan H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveMinimum joint space width (mJSW) from 2-dimensional images provides a proxy for cartilage thickness. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of mJSW to (i) identify new genetic determinants of mJSW and use them to (ii) examine causal effects of mJSW on hip osteoarthritis (HOA) risk.MethodsGWAS meta-analysis of hip mJSW derived from plain X-rays (four cohorts) or DXA (one cohort) was performed, stratified by sex and adjusted for age and ancestry principal components. Mendelian randomisation (MR) and cluster analyses were used to examine causal effect of mJSW on HOA.Results50,745 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. 42 SNPs, which mapped to 39 loci (35 novel), were identified. Mendelian randomisation (MR) revealed little evidence of a causal effect of mJSW on HOA (βIVW-0.01 [95% CI -0.19, 0.17]). However, MR-Clust analysis suggested the null MR estimates reflected the net effect of two distinct causal mechanisms cancelling each other out, one of which was protective, whereas the other increased HOA susceptibility. For the latter mechanism, all loci were positively associated with height, suggesting mechanisms leading to greater height and mJSW increase the risk of HOA in later life.ConclusionsGWAS and MR analyses suggested one group of mJSW loci reduces HOA risk via increased mJSW, suggesting possible utility as targets for chondroprotective therapies. The second group of mJSW loci increased HOA risk, despite increasing mJSW, but were also positively related to height, suggesting they contribute to mJSW and HOA risk via a growth-related mechanism.
Cerebral blood flow pattern in patients with carotid artery stenosis with low trans-stenotic blood flow
Authors: Zarrinkoob Laleh , Myrnäs Sanne , Wåhlin Anders , Eklund Anders , Malm Jan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundCompromised cerebral blood flow has been identified as a contributing risk factor for future ischemic events in patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. Nevertheless, the hemodynamic impact of carotid stenosis is rarely evaluated. The aim of this observational cross-section study was to investigate how a reduced internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow rate (BFR), rather than stenosis degree, relates to BFR in the cerebral arteries.MethodsFour-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D-PCMRI) was used to measure cerebral blood flow in 38 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (≥50%), being considered for carotid endarterectomy. The BFR in the cerebral arteries was compared between two subgroups that were based on the BFR in the symptomatic (ipsilateral) ICA: I. reduced ICA flow (<160 mL/min) i.e., 2 SD <normal ICA BFR; II. preserved ICA flow (≥160 mL/min). Furthermore, BFR laterality was defined as a difference in the paired ipsilateral-contralateral arteries within the groups.ResultsThe degree of stenosis was not significantly different between the two subgroups (72% vs. 80%;P=0.09). In the reduced group compared to the preserved ICA flow group, a reduced BFR was found in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) (108±32 vs. 136±24 mL/min;P<0.01) and anterior cerebral artery (A1 segment) (−6±47 vs. 81±27 mL/min;P<0.001), while the BFR was increased in the contralateral A1 segment (152±79 vs. 82±41 mL/min;P<0.001). There was also a reversed BFR in the posterior communicating artery and ophthalmic artery on the ipsilateral side in the group with reduced ICA flow. BFR laterality was observed in all paired arteries in the reduced ICA flow group (P<0.05), while there was no laterality in the preserved ICA flow group (P>0.05).Conclusions4D-PCMRI revealed compromised cerebral blood flow in patients with carotid stenosis, not possible to detect by solely analyzing the stenosis degree. In patients with reduced ICA flow, collateral recruitment was not sufficient to maintain symmetrical BFR distribution to the two hemispheres.
Human synaptic neoteny requires species-specific balancing of SRGAP2-SYNGAP1 cross-inhibition
Authors: Libé-Philippot Baptiste , Iwata Ryohei , Recupero Aleksandra J , Wierda Keimpe , Ditkowska Martyna , Gaspariunaite Vaiva , Vermaercke Ben , Peze-Heidsieck Eugénie , Remans Daan , Charrier Cécile , Polleux Franck , Vanderhaeghen Pierre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman-specific (HS) genes are potential drivers of brain evolution, but their impact on human neuron development and disease remains unclear. Here we studied HS genes SRGAP2B/C in human cortical projection neurons (CPNs) in vivo, using xenotransplantation in the mouse cortex. Downregulation of SRGAP2B/C in human CPNs greatly accelerated synaptic development, indicating their requirement for human-specific synaptic neoteny. SRGAP2B/C acted by downregulating their ancestral paralog SRGAP2A, thereby upregulating postsynaptic levels of SYNGAP1, a major intellectual deficiency/autism spectrum disorder (ID/ASD) gene. Combinatorial genetic invalidation revealed that the tempo of synaptogenesis is set by a balance between SRGAP2A and SYNGAP1, which in human CPNs is tipped towards neoteny by SRGAP2B/C. Our results demonstrate that HS genes can modify the phenotypic expression of ID/ASD mutations through regulation of synaptic neoteny.One-Sentence SummaryHuman-specific genes SRGAP2B/C control human cortical neuron neoteny by regulating the function of neurodevelopmental disorder gene SYNGAP1
Biosynthesis of plant papanridins -A group of novel oligomeric flavonoids
Authors: Zhu Yue , Yuzuak Seyit , Sun Xiaoyan , Xie De-Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiscovery of novel flavonoids and their biosynthesis are fundamental to understand their roles in plants and benefits to human and animal health. Herein, we report a new polymerization pathway of a group of novel oligomeric flavonoids in plants. We have engineered red cells for discovering genes of interest involved in the flavonoid pathway and identified a gene that encodes a novel flavanol polymerase (FP) localized in the central vacuole. FP catalyzes the polymerization of flavanols, such as epicatechin and catechin, to produce yellowish dimers or oligomers. Structural elucidation show that these compounds are featured with a novel oligomeric flaven-flavan (FF) skeleton linked by interflavan-flaven and interflaven bonds, which are different from proanthocyanidins and dehydrodicatechins. Detailed chemical and physical characterizations further demonstrate that FFs are novel flavonoids. Mechanistic investigations show that FP polymerizes flavan-3-ols and flav-2-en-3-ol carbocation to form dimeric or oligomeric flaven-4→8-flavans, termed as papanridins. Data from transgenic, mutation, metabolic profiling, and phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the biosynthesis of papanridins is prevalent in cacao, grape, blue berry, corn, rice, Arabidopsis and others in the plant kingdom. Given that these findings are the first report, many questions remain for answers. For instance, what are roles of papanridins in plants and what benefits do they have for human and animal health? We anticipate that these findings will promote investigations across plant, nutritional, and animal sciences to understand papanridins in plants and food products.TeaserPlant flavanol polymerase catalyzes the biosynthesis of novel oligomeric flavonoids in the plant kingdom.