bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prebiotics from algae as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Avni Dorit 
Published: January 2023

Prebiotics from algae as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease
The Algae4IBD project is studying the potential of probiotics and algae-derived prebiotics as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe a group of autoimmune disorders, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which cause long-term inflammation in the gut. Symptoms such as persistent diarrhoea, abdominal pain and rectal bleeding can be distressing and the impact on patient quality of life is often substantial. IBD already affects millions of patients worldwide, and this number is expected to grow significantly in the coming decades. While traditionally a disease of western industrialised nations, IBD is now growing in newly industrialised and developing countries, likely reflecting the widespread adoption of a westernised diet.
Remyelinating versus neuroprotective therapies for multiple sclerosis
Authors: DeSilva Tara M 
Published: January 2023

Remyelinating versus neuroprotective therapies for multiple sclerosis
Reducing clinical relapses and improving quality of life is at the heart of MS treatment; here, Tara M. DeSilva explores the benefits of remyelinating versus neuroprotective therapies for tackling MS. Clinical relapses in the demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterised by neurological symptoms resulting from damage to the myelin sheath that surrounds axons. This damage is perpetrated by immune cells that extravasate into the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves and are a key underlying pathogenesis of lesion formation. Current therapies for MS reduce the infiltration of immune cells, thereby reducing clinical relapses and improving quality of life. However, inflammatory lesions in the CNS can occur even during remission leading to "silent" lesions that damage myelin and axons. This may explain why current immunomodulatory therapies are effective early in the disease course but do not prevent long-term progressive disease. Therefore, strategies are being developed to promote direct protection of the axon and recovery of the myelin sheath. These strategies, in combination with immunomodulatory therapies, may help to prevent long-term disease progression and promote recovery in MS.
The WATCH project: Tanycytes in health and disease
Authors: Prevot Vincent , Schwaninger Markus , Nogueiras Ruben 
Published: January 2023

The WATCH project: Tanycytes in health and disease
In our aging societies, maintaining health and limiting age-related metabolic or cognitive disorders are of primordial importance not only for the well-being of the individual but also from the economic and societal points of view. The Synergy project Well-Aging and the Tanycytic Control of Health (WATCH), funded by the European Research Council (ERC), is a high-impact project conducted by Vincent Prévot, a neuroendocrinologist working for the French national health research institute (Inserm), in Lille, France; Markus Schwaninger, a neurologist at the University of Lübeck, Germany; and Ruben Nogueiras, an expert in molecular metabolism at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain. Together, these three teams aim to understand how a small and highly specialized population of brain cells called tanycytes regulate a variety of physiological processes, and the implications of their function or dysfunction for healthy aging.
Corrosion protection for sustainability – watching paint dry
Authors: Lyon Stuart 
Published: January 2023

Corrosion protection for sustainability – watching paint dry
Stuart Lyon, AkzoNobel Professor of Corrosion Control, looks at corrosion's cost to industrialised economies and the importance of corrosion protection – where car vehicle bodies suffer from rust perforation within a few years of purchase. Now manufacturers offer anti-perforation warranties for up to 12 years. Corrosion – the deterioration and loss of materials and their functional properties by environmental exposure – remains a significant cost to industrialised economies. Therefore the most practical and effective means of protection is to apply a coating, and the most widely used are paint coatings. Corrosion-protective organic coatings are engineered to optimise application (onto challenging surfaces) and lifetime performance. They comprise many ingredients including functional pigments that chemically inhibit the corrosion process, components that provide desired physical properties including hardness, wetting agents, rheology modifiers to enable correct surface flow from spray or brush application, etc. Overall, high-resolution analytical tools to probe the structure and chemistry of coatings and the interfaces between their constituent parts are being explored in the University of Manchester.
Challenges bringing CB₂R medicine to bedside
Authors: Pacher Pal , Grether Uwe 
Published: January 2023

Challenges bringing CB₂R medicine to bedside
Here Drug hunters explain how to overcome pitfalls on the way to CB₂R medicine and therapeutics. Type-2 cannabinoid receptor (CB₂R) is a key element of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and an important pharmacological target which was referred to as a ‘hidden treasure trove for treating inflammatory diseases' [1]. Preclinical data suggest that activation of this G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) holds great potential for treating a plethora of pathological conditions in humans e.g. cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, kidney, lung, neurodegenerative/ neuroinflammatory, skin pathologies, rheumatoid arthritis, endometriosis, and eye diseases [2]. Despite this enormous therapeutic potential, no selective CB₂R agonist has reached the market so far as CB₂R medicine.
Materials for fusion reactors: Containing a star on Earth
Authors: Knowles Sandy 
Published: January 2023

Materials for fusion reactors: Containing a star on Earth
Sandy (Alexander) Knowles, the Associate Professor in Nuclear Materials at the University of Birmingham, explores experimental metallurgy research and its structural materials to withstand the extreme temperatures inside nuclear fusion reactors. Fusion Energy provides near limitless energy without generating carbon emissions, or long-live radioactive waste. This entails it can be used for its energy density and small land usage, making it capable of providing stable base-load electricity, making it an ideal solution to our present energy challenges. Companies globally are currently seeking new approaches to fusion energy with development and fast deployment timelines, ultimately seeking to bring fusion to market sooner, potentially before 2040. Representing a ‘moonshot' innovation – with equivalence to the moon landing in terms of the pace and scale of developments needed, this collaborative societal grand challenge of fusion energy is a new opportunity for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), at all levels.
Robot evolution: Artificial intelligence by artificial evolution
Authors: Eiben A.E. 
Published: January 2023

Robot evolution: Artificial intelligence by artificial evolution
Most people think of evolution as a biological phenomenon that produced Life on Earth, plants, animals, and us, the Homo Sapiens. Within Computer Science, however, there is another view: evolution is seen as a metaphor for problem-solving, in particular, as a special approach to optimization, working with a ‘population' of solutions and improving them over time through repeated selection-reproduction cycles. This is the research of A.E. Eiben, the Professor of Computational Intelligence at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He notes that the vision of robot evolution foresees a radically new robotic technology where robots can reproduce, evolve, and learn. Robot evolution and development require significant efforts from highly trained experts which is not scalable. This world has an increasing need for novel algorithmic approaches and research tools to explore the space of bodies and brains together and solve the design problem (good body) and the control problem (good brain).In his team, he is discovering new methods needed to tackle complex environments without good models, not only simple, well-known conditions, such as, factories or living rooms.
Evaluating a novel treatment for opioid use disorder based on dual-brain psychology and photobiomodulation
Authors: Schiffer Fredric 
Published: January 2023

Evaluating a novel treatment for opioid use disorder based on dual-brain psychology and photobiomodulation
Opioid Use Disorder or opioid addiction is a devastating illness that leads to failed lives, overdoses and other medical catastrophes, family agony, crime, and social dysfunction. Although we have medications such as methadone, buprenorphine and naloxone) and self-help associations (such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous), still the epidemic is only growing with a skyrocketing number of overdose deaths. In this article, Dr. Fredric Schiffer, founder and CEO of MindLight, LLC, looks at treatments for opioid use disorder based on Dual-Brain Psychology and photobiomodulation. Dr. Schiffer is also a part-time assistant professor in psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.
Managing chronic disease with individualized metabolomics & artificial intelligence
Authors: Gerner Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Managing chronic disease with individualized metabolomics & artificial intelligence
Christopher Gerner from the Joint Metabolome Facility at the University of Vienna, Austria, walks us through what we need to know about managing chronic disease by individualized metabolomics & artificial intelligence. Gerner discusses both the promise and challenge of developing such biomedical methods, a new methodology termed Metabo-tip, and what the future holds for managing chronic disease. Many acute life-threatening conditions, such as severe injury or bacterial infections, have remained well under control for almost a century. However, chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, endometriosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, etc. and the increasing numbers of patients suffering from them still pose a major challenge.
The value of adult relationships in preventing youth suicide attempts
Authors: Fullerton Lynne 
Published: January 2023

The value of adult relationships in preventing youth suicide attempts
Suicide is the third leading killer of teens in the U.S., after unintentional injury (including drug overdose) and homicide, and suicide death rates have increased in this age group relatively steadily for 20 years (1). In 2019, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) biennial Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) indicated that in the previous year, suicide was attempted by 8.9% of high school (HS) students. However, the percentage varied widely by race and ethnicity: American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) 25.5%; Asian 7.7%; Black or African American (AfAmer) 11.8%; Hispanic or Latino (Hisp) 8.9%, White 7.9%, and multiple races 12.9% (2). Here Associate Professor Lynne Fullerton, PhD, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, examines the results of a recent study exploring the link between positive adult relationships and the impact on youth suicide attempt resilience.
The haplogroup gap: The ticking time bomb of cardiometabolic disease in developing nations
Authors: Dunham-Snary Kimberly 
Published: January 2023

The haplogroup gap: The ticking time bomb of cardiometabolic disease in developing nations
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) greatly increases an individual's risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or Type II diabetes (2), with the former being a leading cause of death worldwide. Decades of research efforts have significantly improved our understanding of cardiometabolic disease as a multifactorial ‘whole-body' pathology caused not only by common ‘modifiable' risk factors (such as exercise and dietary choices), but also increased inflammation within our muscles and fat, as well as inherited genetic risk. The genetic aspect of cardiometabolic disease has proven vexing to the medical and research communities – hundreds of genes have been associated with the hallmarks of CMD, yet none occur at a frequency that would explain the explosion in obesity and CMD rates documented worldwide over the past 25 years.
The Standard Model (SM) and the goal of force unification
Authors: Vayenas Constantinos G 
Published: January 2023

The Standard Model (SM) and the goal of force unification
The unification of gravitational, Strong and Weak Forces has been a long-sought goal [1-3]. In general, force unification refers to the idea that it is possible to view all of the forces of nature as manifestations of one single, all-encompassing force. Today, within the context of the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particles, [7] scientists seek to unify Gravity with the Strong force under a Grand Unified Theory which binds quarks together and is responsible for the stability of atomic nuclei. These efforts have not been successful yet, most likely because the SM neglects neutrinos [8,9], gravity [4], special relativity [10] and quantum mechanics [11].
Artificial Intelligence test agents for automated testing of Extended Reality (XR)
Authors: Prada Rui 
Published: January 2023

Artificial Intelligence test agents for automated testing of Extended Reality (XR)
Extended Reality (XR) is an umbrella term for advanced interactive systems such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and systems with advanced 3D User Interfaces. These systems have emerged in various domains, from entertainment and education to combat training and mission-critical applications. XR systems typically involve a representation of a virtual world, are highly interactive and tend to be more immersive than other technologies.
Low Carbon Timber® - European best practice in climate-friendly chains
Authors:   Low Carbon Timber®
Published: January 2023

Low Carbon Timber® - European best practice in climate-friendly chains
The current reports of the IPCC on climate change are alarming and show that the development is not only far worse than feared but also that the efforts of the global community and the European Union must be drastically intensified to avert an existential threat to the environment, the economy, and the people. A considerable yet untapped reduction potential lies in a reduction of transport in the supply chains. With 22%, transport is the second highest cause of European greenhouse gas emissions, ahead of the "buildings" and "agriculture" sectors. Against this background, the avoidance of unnecessary transport is an essential instrument for reducing emissions in the transport sector. The transnational initiative and environmental label HOLZ VON HIER®, or LOW CARBON TIMBER® in non-German-speaking countries, represents a European best practice example that can be used directly by municipalities, companies, planners, and customers to make an immediate contribution to climate protection.
Credit and collateral: How central banks can spur a greening of finance
Authors: Vestergaard Jakob 
Published: January 2023

Credit and collateral: How central banks can spur a greening of finance
Central banks are increasingly called upon to take an active role in greening our financial system. Currently, the financial system is effectively funding temperature increases of over three degrees centigrade, so, Jakob Vestergaard, an Associate Professor at Roskilde University looks at how can central banks promote the greening of finance. It has been estimated that if global warming is to be limited to 1.5 degrees, global emissions will need to reach net- zero by 2050. A key objective of the Paris Agreement was to make financial flows consistent with a pathway towards low carbon emissions, but financial flows are not on that path at all. By deploying monetary policy to create relative incentives that favour ownership of ‘green' over ‘dirty' assets, allowing central banks to influence the investment decisions of private financial institutions, incentives towards green technology adoption and development of lower carbon-emission business models are being sought out. The greening of finance by the sector by governments and international organizations is an urgent necessity, which has only had modest progress so far.
Care homes: Data and digital readiness
Authors: Johnston Lucy 
Published: January 2023

Care homes: Data and digital readiness
Lucy Johnston, Senior Research Fellow from Edinburgh Napier University, looks at how data-driven innovative approaches to care could improve the lives of care home residents following the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital capabilities have improved greatly through various data challenges within the care home sector. With the increased use of digital tools, data analytics and services to support residents and staff, the digital transformation of care homes satisfies regulatory requirements while minimising intrusiveness and respecting privacy with appropriate ethical and governance standards. Lucy Johnston argues how important it is that there is a balance in what data are collected to support individual resident care and satisfy regulatory requirements while minimising intrusiveness and respecting privacy with appropriate ethical and governance standards.
Genetics and machine learning can improve blood transfusion outcomes
Authors: McDermott Samuel , Gleadall Nicholas , Trompeter Sara 
Published: January 2023

Genetics and machine learning can improve blood transfusion outcomes
The availability of blood for blood transfusion support is critical for the delivery of medical care. When a person donates blood, it is separated into different components: red cells, platelets, white cells and plasma. Better blood transfusion outcomes for patients and better protection of the NHS blood supply can be achieved with machine learning, argue Drs Samuel McDermott, Nicholas Gleadall and Sara Trompeter. Red cell transfusion is used to treat patients who have lost red cells due to trauma or surgery or who are unable to make healthy red cells. To support over 500,000 transfusions annually, NHSBT issues 1.4 million blood units collected from 800,000 donors.
Bamboo education: Learning the environmental benefits of bamboo
Authors: Kiyoshi Saijo 
Published: January 2023

Bamboo education: Learning the environmental benefits of bamboo
Here, Professor Saijo Kiyoshi at Miyagi University of Education, examines bamboo education, discussing its useful advantages and how we need it to avert further environmental crises. Bamboo education in school curricula provides a lot of chances for teachers and students to recognize both the multifaceted uses of bamboo and the ongoing crisis of unattended bamboo forests. As stated, almost half a century has passed since Japanese people became estranged from bamboo. Along with this, bamboo is a very versatile material, with many kinds of handicrafts, toys, and musical instruments that can be made from bamboo. Using bamboo helps teach subjects like arts and crafts, music, life environment studies etc.
Whole-person integrative oncology – A path to improved outcomes and patient empowerment
Authors: Crudup Terri 
Published: January 2023

Whole-person integrative oncology – A path to improved outcomes and patient empowerment
"You have cancer" are three words no one wants to hear. Yet, thousands of people every day worldwide are faced with those exact words – and the fear, anxiety, and loss of control that comes with them. Cancer is a multi-faceted and complex disease, and given the uniqueness of individuals, it is safe to say that no two cancer patients are the same. Integrative oncology gives patients the tools to not only make the environment as inhospitable to cancer as possible – it also empowers patients to take some control back after receiving a cancer diagnosis.
Long Covid lessons: beyond winter and the COVID pandemic
Authors: Banerjee Amitava 
Published: January 2023

Long Covid lessons: beyond winter and the COVID pandemic
Paying attention to Long Covid lessons is key, states Amitava Banerjee, Professor of Clinical Data Science and Honorary Consultant Cardiologist at University College London, and chief investigator of the STIMULATE-ICP programme. The long-term consequences of COVID-19 have affected an estimated 1.9 million people with over 12 weeks of symptoms after infection with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID). Of these people, 1.2 million have had symptoms for at least one year and 594,000 for at least two years. Looking at the lessons which Long Covid has already provided for other long-term conditions and pandemics, Long Covid offers the opportunity for a system reset of research, practice and public health approaches to chronic diseases, pandemic preparedness and care delivery. Whether in terms of investigation strategies, ways of evaluating drugs, big data analyses using routine health records or methods to reduce inequalities, STIMULATE-ICP and other large-scale efforts to understand and better manage Long Covid can inform both science and care. Findings from Long Covid lessons may well have an application to the way we work in other disease areas.
HEAVY METAL TOXICITY, BIOACCUMULATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN FRESHWATER FISHES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: JAN AAREFA , BANERJEE SUCHITRA , CHOUHAN RAJENDRA 
Published: January 2023

Contamination by heavy metals is a significant concern for the environment owing to their cytotoxicity, endurance, biosorption, as well as biomineralization. Our ecosystem may be contaminated by heavy metals from a multitude of both anthropogenic and natural sources. The major anthropogenic sources of heavy metals are commercial, industrial and agricultural processes; the utilization of fossil fuels and gasoline; waste incinerators; mineral extraction; volcanic eruptions; and the degradation of metal-bearing rocks, the use of chemical inputs in tanneries, textiles, and cut flower industries among many other things. These heavy metals mobility into the water bodies affects the physicochemical properties of the water, endangering aquatic species. When a fish consumes food that has accumulated metals, the gastrointestinal organs, outer skin, and gills are indeed the primary entry points for toxic metals. The most frequent heavy metal pollutants that severely damage fish and have an impact on human health include aluminium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc. These pollutants were also characterized as systemic toxicants. At modest levels of exposure, each of these heavy metals induces organ dysfunction, and the US Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer have characterized them as oncogenic. The key chemical process underlying metal cytotoxicity is the production of peroxidation. Stress impairs regenerative capacity, damages tissues or organs, lowers the immune response, and results in morphological defects. The abundance of protein content found in fish, along with its high vitamin and fatty acid omega-3 content encourages people to eat fish as a main source of nutrients. As a result, built-up toxic substances in fish muscles are easily transferred to human’s biotransformation, where they have adverse effects that hasten the development of many disorders. As a result, it's indeed vital to explore specific causes of toxic metals as well as associated hazardous impact on fish production in order to implement the laws and legislation pertaining to their conservation in the water habitats, as well as to preserve human existence. The explanations addressed in this research are numerous and varied. For such grounds, this study was produced to enhance our knowledge of heavy metals involvement inside the ecosystem, hazardous mechanisms, including detrimental consequences in fishes.