bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discontinuities in the Age-Victimisation Profile and the Determinants of Victimisation
Authors: Bindler Anna , Hjalmarsson Randi , Ketel Nadine , Mitrut Andreea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dutch victimisation rates increase by 9%–15% immediately upon reaching ages 16 and 18. We disentangle the role of the many rights granted at these ages using offence location data, cross-cohort variation in the minimum legal drinking age driven by a 2014 reform and survey data of alcohol/drug consumption and mobility behaviours. We conclude that access to weak alcohol, bars/clubs and smoking increases victimisation at 16 and that age-18 rights (hard alcohol, marijuana coffee shops) exacerbate this risk; vehicle access does not play an important role. We find no evidence of systematic spillovers onto individuals still ineligible for these rights.
PIEZO1 promotes ATP release from periodontal ligament cells following compression force
Authors: Horie Seiwa , Nakatomi Chihiro , Ito-Sago Misa , Morii Aoi , Orimoto Ai , Ikeda Hiroshi , Hsu Chia-Chien , Naniwa Mako , Mizuhara Masahiro , Gunjigake Kaori , Kawamoto Tatsuo , Ono Kentaro 
Published: August 2023

Summary

Objectives
Orthodontic mechanical force on the periodontal ligament induces extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. However, mechanosensitive molecules have not been confirmed functionally in periodontal ligament cells. In the present study, we examined the roles of mechanosensitive PIEZO channels in the mechanically stimulated release of ATP in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs).

Materials and methods
To examine PIEZO expression in HPdLFs, we performed reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent immunostaining, and Ca2+ imaging. ATP concentrations were measured in culture medium after applications of the PIEZO1 agonist Yoda1 and compression force in a newly developed in vitro weight-loaded cell model (IVWLC) using balance weights and a 48-well plate. The mechanosensitive channel inhibitor GsMTx4 and the ATP-releasing route inhibitors clodronic acid, meclofenamic acid, and probenecid were used. To suppress PIEZO1 expression, short interference RNA (siRNA) treatment of the PIEZO1 gene was performed.

Results
PIEZO1 mRNA was expressed more abundantly than PIEZO2 mRNA in HPdLFs. HPdLF cell bodies were immunoreactive to anti-PIEZO1 antibody. Yoda1 increased intracellular Ca2+ and extracellular ATP concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. ATP release was inhibited by GsMTx4 and inhibitors of ATP release routes. In the IVWLC, HPdLFs released ATP in response to compression force but not in response to hypoxic stimulation that was simultaneously applied to cells. Mechanically stimulated ATP release was inhibited by GsMTx4, inhibitors of ATP-releasing routes and siRNA treatment of PIEZO1.

Conclusions
PIEZO1 on the cell membranes of HPdLFs is activated by compression force and then induces ATP release via intracellular Ca2+-dependent exocytosis and ATP-permeable channels.
Critical limb-threatening ischaemia and microvascular transformation: clinical implications
Authors: Tarvainen Santeri , Wirth Galina , Juusola Greta , Hautero Olli , Kalliokoski Kari , Sjöros Tanja , Nikulainen Veikko , Taavitsainen Jouni , Hytönen Jarkko , Frimodig Crister , Happonen Krista , Selander Tuomas , Laitinen Tomi , Hakovirta Harri H , Knuuti Juhani , Laham-Karam Nihay , Hartikainen Juha , Mäkinen Kimmo , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Korpisalo Petra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Clinical management of critical limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) is focused on prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic arterial occlusions. The role of microvascular pathology in disease progression is still largely unspecified and more importantly not utilized for treatment. The aim of this explorative study was to characterize the role of the microvasculature in CLTI pathology.

Methods
Clinical high-resolution imaging of CLTI patients (n = 50) and muscle samples from amputated CLTI limbs (n = 40) were used to describe microvascular pathology of CLTI at the level of resting muscle blood flow and microvascular structure, respectively. Furthermore, a chronic, low arterial driving pressure-simulating ischaemia model in rabbits (n = 24) was used together with adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor A gene transfers to study the effect of microvascular alterations on muscle outcome.

Results
Resting microvascular blood flow was not depleted but displayed decreased capillary transit time (P &lt; .01) in CLTI muscles. Critical limb-threatening ischaemia muscle microvasculature also exhibited capillary enlargement (P &lt; .001) and further arterialization along worsening of myofibre atrophy and detaching of capillaries from myofibres. Furthermore, CLTI-like capillary transformation was shown to worsen calf muscle force production (P &lt; .05) and tissue outcome (P &lt; .01) under chronic ischaemia in rabbits and in healthy, normal rabbit muscle.

Conclusions
These findings depict a progressive, hypoxia-driven transformation of the microvasculature in CLTI muscles, which pathologically alters blood flow dynamics and aggravates tissue damage under low arterial driving pressure. Hypoxia-driven capillary enlargement can be highly important for CLTI outcomes and should therefore be considered in further development of diagnostics and treatment of CLTI.
Ethnic differences in multimorbidity after accounting for social-economic factors, findings from The Health Survey for England
Authors: Ng Fat Linda , Patil Priyanka , Mindell Jennifer S , Manikam Logan , Scholes Shaun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial-economic factors and health behaviours may be driving variation in ethnic health inequalities in multimorbidity including among distinct ethnic groups.MethodsUsing the cross-sectional nationally representative Health Surveys for England 2011–18 (N = 54 438, aged 16+), we performed multivariable logistic regression on the odds of having general multimorbidity (≥2 longstanding conditions) by ethnicity [British White (reference group), White Irish, Other White, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, African, Caribbean, White mixed, Other Mixed], adjusting for age, sex, education, area deprivation, obesity, smoking status and survey year. This was repeated for cardiovascular multimorbidity (N = 37 148, aged 40+: having ≥2 of the following: self-reported diabetes, hypertension, heart attack or stroke) and multiple cardiometabolic risk biomarkers (HbA1c ≥6.5%, raised blood pressure, total cholesterol ≥5mmol/L).ResultsTwenty percent of adults had general multimorbidity. In fully adjusted models, compared with the White British majority, Other White [odds ratio (OR) = 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.74], Chinese (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.93) and African adults (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.42–0.69), had lower odds of general multimorbidity. Among adults aged 40+, Pakistani (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.97–1.66; P = 0.080) and Bangladeshi (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.16–2.65) had increased odds, and African adults had decreased odds (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.83) of general multimorbidity. Risk of cardiovascular multimorbidity was higher among Indian (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 2.56–4.28), Pakistani (OR = 3.48, 95% CI 2.52–4.80), Bangladeshi (OR = 3.67, 95% CI 1.98–6.78), African (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.05–2.47), Caribbean (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.59–2.99) and White mixed (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.14–3.44) adults. Indian adults were also at risk of having multiple cardiometabolic risk biomarkers.ConclusionEthnic inequalities in multimorbidity are independent of social-economic factors. Ethnic minority groups are particularly at risk of cardiovascular multimorbidity, which may be exacerbated by poorer management of cardiometabolic risk requiring further investigation.
Does previous sickness absence affect work participation after vocational labour market training? A difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach
Authors: Salonen Laura , Solovieva Svetlana , Kauhanen Antti , Hartikainen Elli , Viikari-Juntura Eira , Leinonen Taina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Reduced work ability is relatively common among job seekers and it can hinder future labour market attachment. A commonly used measure to increase employability is the use of active labour market programmes. While vocational labour market training (LMT) has been shown to be an effective way to increase work participation among job seekers, there is still uncertainty about how LMT works in different population groups, for example, among persons with a work disability history.

Methods
We used nationally representative Finnish register data on 16 062 LMT participants in 2008–2015 aged 25–59 with a history of sickness absence (SA) and propensity score matched participants without such history. For matching, we used information on sociodemographic and work-related factors. We used difference-in-differences analysis to investigate the differential changes in work participation before and after LMT between those with and those without SA history.

Results
Having a history of SA was associated with a lower gain in work participation after LMT, but the magnitude varied by sex, employment history and follow-up time. In women, having a history of SA contributed to 3.9–6.2 percentage points smaller increase in work participation 1–3 years after LMT, depending on the employment history. In men, the corresponding numbers were 2.0–4.3 percentage points. The results were more pronounced if the SA was due to mental disorders.

Conclusions
The results indicate that work disability, especially due to mental disorders, can hamper work participation after LMT and should be considered when planning employment-enhancing measures for job seekers.
Exploring missed opportunities for influenza vaccination and influenza vaccine co-administration patterns among Italian older adults: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Domnich Alexander , Orsi Andrea , Ogliastro Matilde , Trombetta Carlo-Simone , Scarpaleggia Marianna , Ceccaroli Chiara , Amadio Carla , Raffo Anna , Berisso Luca , Yakubovich Alla , Zappa Giacomo , Amicizia Daniela , Panatto Donatella , Icardi Giancarlo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Missed opportunities constitute a main driver of suboptimal seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) coverage in older adults. Vaccine co-administration is a way to reduce these missed opportunities. In this study, we quantified missed opportunities for SIV, identified some of their socio-structural correlates and documented SIV co-administration patterns.

Methods
In this registry-based retrospective cohort study, we verified the SIV status of all subjects aged ≥65 years who received at least one dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pneumococcal or herpes zoster vaccines during the 2022/23 influenza season. The frequency of concomitant same-day administration of SIV with other target vaccines was also assessed.

Results
Among 41 112, 5482 and 3432 older adults who received ≥1 dose of COVID-19, pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccines, missed opportunities for SIV accounted for 23.3%, 5.0% and 13.2%, respectively. Younger, male and foreign-born individuals were generally more prone to missing SIV. The co-administration of SIV with other recommended vaccines was relatively low, being 11.0%, 53.1% and 17.1% in COVID-19, pneumococcal and herpes zoster cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions
A sizeable proportion of older adults who received other recommended vaccines during the last influenza season did not receive SIV. This share of missed opportunities, which are subject to some social inequalities, may be addressed by increasing vaccine co-administration rates and implementing tailored health promotion interventions.
Influence of cyclic di-GMP metabolism to T3SS expression, biofilm formation and symbiosis efficiency in Mesorhizobium japonicum MAFF303099
Authors: Escobar Mariel R , Lepek Viviana C , Basile Laura A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A link between the T3SS and inhibition of swimming motility by the transcriptional regulator TtsI in Mesorhizobium japonicum MAFF303099 has been previously reported. Here, we show that mutants in T3SS components display impaired biofilm formation capacity, indicating that a functional T3SS, or at least pili formation, is required for this process. As a first approach to the cdiG regulation network in this bacterium, we started a study of the second messenger cdiG by overexpressing or by deleting some genes encoding cdiG metabolizing enzymes. Overexpression of two putative PDEs as well as deletion of various DGCs led to reduced biofilm formation on glass tubes. Mutation of dgc9509 also affected negatively the nodulation and symbiosis efficiency on Lotus plants, which can be related to the observed reduction in adhesion to plant roots. Results from transcriptional nopX- and ttsI-promoter-lacZ fusions suggested that cdiG negatively regulates T3SS expression in M. japonicum MAFF303099.
Control Beliefs Mediate the Within-Person Relationship Between Everyday Activity Volition and Daily Subjective Age
Authors: Zhang Shenghao , Neupert Shevaun D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Appraisal and interpretation of personal experiences resulting from interaction with situational contexts might play an important role in shaping subjective age at the within-person level, but it is unclear how this process unfolds. We propose that older adults evaluate situational contexts and reflect on their general psychological resources when determining their subjective age, and tested this proposal with volition of daily activities as a proxy for appraisal of situational contexts and control beliefs as a proxy for psychological resources. We hypothesize that appraising daily activities one engaged in as obligatory would deplete one’s perceived control and concomitantly make one feel older.

Methods
Older adults (n = 116) ranging in age from 60 to 90 (M = 64.84) completed a 9-day daily diary study online, resulting in 743 total days. Participants reported their sociodemographic characteristics on Day 1 and major daily activities, volition of every reported activity, felt age, and control beliefs on Days 2–9.

Results
On days when older adults felt that activities they engaged in were of their own volition, they also felt more in control. A lower-level mediation result suggested that within-person control beliefs mediated the relationship between volition of daily activities and subjective age.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that older adults evaluate situational contexts and reflect on their control beliefs as a general psychological resource when determining their subjective age. These findings show the important role psychological resources play in determining subjective age from a within-person perspective and extended the within-person process proposed in previous theoretical models.
Newton optimization and the Hessian matrix in scale-separation waveform inversion problems with reflected and transmitted waves
Authors: Aaker Ole Edvard , Raknes Espen Birger , Pedersen Ørjan , Arntsen Børge 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is often utilized for determining the medium parameters of the Earth by minimizing the misfit between observed and modelled waves. The conventional formulation of FWI is well suited to utilize transmitted waves to determine long-to-intermediate wavelength properties of the medium. Hovewer, the penetration depth of transmitted waves may be limited for a given acquisition. As a remedy, reflection waveform inversion (RWI) exploits the kinematic information in reflected waves to retrieve these long-wavelength properties, particularly below the maximum illumination depth of transmitted waves. Previous works have demonstrated the benefits of utilizing both transmitted and reflected waves, thereby considering a reconciliation of conventional FWI and RWI. One such formulation is known as joint full waveform inversion (JFWI), where reflected and transmitted waves are separately compared in the misfit functional. A disadvantage of gradient-based optimization schemes in RWI and JFWI is the presence of strong crosstalk due to mapping of reflected data residuals along the entire reflection wavepaths. Because RWI and JFWI require frequent least-squares migration, we are incentivized to determine well-focused search directions that allow large movements between the migration steps. Thus, we propose an improvement to RWI and JFWI by utilizing Newton methods to directly account for crosstalk between parameters. The crosstalk effects are described by the second-order sensitivities of the misfit functional, i.e. the Hessian matrix. We adopt the adjoint-state method to compute the first- and second order sensitivities of the misfit functional for any of these waveform inversion procedures in a unified framework and for arbitrary misfit functionals. Furthermore, we conceptually study the Hessian matrix in least-squares based full-, reflection- and joint full waveform inversion from a data-domain point of view. Synthetic examples and a three-dimensional field data example demonstrate that the truncated Gauss-Newton method is effective in attenuating artefacts due to crosstalk between spatially separated variables, thus substantially improving the spatial focusing of the search directions.
Monitoring seismicity triggered by geothermal site shutdown with a surface DAS array at Brady Hot Springs
Authors: Lv Hao , Zeng Xiangfang , Chi Benxin , Zhang Gongbo , Thurber Clifford 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
Seismicity induced by fluid injection including wastewater injection, hydrofracking and enhanced geothermal system (EGS) site production draws public attention. Dense arrays have been deployed to improve monitoring capability. In 2016 March, the PoroTomo experiment deployed an 8.6-km-long fibre-optic cable for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in the geothermal field at Brady Hot Springs, Nevada, covering an area of 1.5 by 0.5 km. The goal was to assess an integrated technology for characterizing and monitoring temporal changes in the rock mechanical properties of an EGS reservoir in three dimensions. We applied a neural network designed for earthquake detection called ADE-Net2 to the DAS data set to detect seismic events in continuous records. We were able to detect a total of 90 earthquakes, which included 21 events that had not been reported by a previous template-matching study. Additionally, we were able to successfully detect almost all of the active source signals, with only seven events being missed. We used the STA/LTA (short-/long-term average) method to pick arrivals and a clustering method to remove outliers. We initially tried a standard event location algorithm, but the low signal-to-noise ratio resulted in significant picking uncertainty that is up to ∼0.5 s, leading to large location uncertainty. Therefore, we developed a new location method based on the similarity between the theoretical traveltime curve and picked moveout. A grid search scheme was adopted to find the optimal point at which the traveltime curve is most similar to the picked one. Most newly detected earthquakes locate southwest of the DAS array, where five earthquakes were reported by a local seismic network. The plant began shutting down at 19:15 UTC on the March 13, and most earthquakes occurred on the March 14, indicating a relationship between the seismicity and the pressure changes caused by the shutdown of the plant. The pressure changes at epicentres obtained from a simplified model range from 71 to 157 kPa, exceeding a typical earthquake trigger threshold of 10 kPa.
A nodally bound-preserving finite element method
Authors: Barrenechea Gabriel R , Georgoulis Emmanuil H , Pryer Tristan , Veeser Andreas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work proposes a nonlinear finite element method whose nodal values preserve bounds known for the exact solution. The discrete problem involves a nonlinear projection operator mapping arbitrary nodal values into bound-preserving ones and seeks the numerical solution in the range of this projection. As the projection is not injective, a stabilisation based upon the complementary projection is added in order to restore well-posedness. Within the framework of elliptic problems, the discrete problem may be viewed as a reformulation of a discrete obstacle problem, incorporating the inequality constraints through Lipschitz projections. The derivation of the proposed method is exemplified for linear and nonlinear reaction-diffusion problems. Near-best approximation results in suitable norms are established. In particular, we prove that, in the linear case, the numerical solution is the best approximation in the energy norm among all nodally bound-preserving finite element functions. A series of numerical experiments for such problems showcase the good behaviour of the proposed bound-preserving finite element method.
Prevention vs treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Klareskog Lars , Alfredsson Lars 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Whether a yet chronic and not curable disease like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be subject to prevention or whether available resources should be focused on treatment is a classical dilemma. Similar to the case in most other chronic diseases, the focus in research as well as in clinical practice has been on the treatment of established diseases, resulting in drugs that are efficient in eliminating most joint damage but not able to cure the disease or stop needs for continuous treatment of the disease. Less effort has been spent on identifying and implementing ways to prevent the disease. We argue in this review that knowledge concerning the longitudinal evolvement of the major, ‘seropositive’ subset of RA has now come to a stage where prevention should be a large part of the research agenda and that we should prepare for prevention as part of clinical practice in RA. We describe briefly the knowledge basis for broad public health-based prevention as well as for a ‘precision prevention’ strategy. In the latter, individuals at high risk for RA will be identified, monitored, and ultimately provided with advice on how to change lifestyle/environment or be given treatment with drugs able to delay and ultimately stop the development of RA. Whether this potential of precision prevention for RA will change the broader clinical practice will depend on whether specific and long-lasting interference with disease-inducing immunity, ultimately ‘tolerance therapy’, will become a reality.
Does Labour Law Trust Workers? Questioning Underlying Assumptions Behind Managerial Prerogatives
Authors: De Stefano Valerio , Durri Ilda , Stylogiannis Charalampos , Wouters Mathias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between modern labour law, trust-based management, and collective labour relations. It begins by examining the historical origins of labour law, which was established to give employers the means to govern their workforce, based on the assumption that workers were untrustworthy. We argue that this notion still persists, albeit in a refined form, and that advancements in technology can exacerbate the negative consequences of managerial prerogatives. The article highlights the need to re-examine the extent of managerial prerogatives and provides several examples of businesses that have adopted trust-based models of organization, leading to positive outcomes. However, the study cautions that trust-based models can be used as a guise for employers to retain greater control over their employees and emphasizes the critical role of collective labour relations in ensuring true trust. The article concludes by arguing that policymakers must challenge the hierarchy-centred model of the employment contract and promote practices that reinforce social dialogue and collective voice in order to reap the benefits of trust-based business practices. This study sheds light on the need to re-evaluate the current employment landscape and consider alternative models that prioritize trust, autonomy, and social dialogue in the workplace.