bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns, mechanisms, and consequences of homoeologous exchange in allopolyploid angiosperms: a genomic and epigenomic perspective
Authors: Deb Sontosh K. , Edger Patrick P. , Pires J. Chris , McKain Michael R. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryAllopolyploids result from hybridization between different evolutionary lineages coupled with genome doubling. Homoeologous chromosomes (chromosomes with common shared ancestry) may undergo recombination immediately after allopolyploid formation and continue over successive generations. The outcome of this meiotic pairing behavior is dynamic and complex. Homoeologous exchanges (HEs) may lead to the formation of unbalanced gametes, reduced fertility, and selective disadvantage. By contrast, HEs could act as sources of novel evolutionary substrates, shifting the relative dosage of parental gene copies, generating novel phenotypic diversity, and helping the establishment of neo‐allopolyploids. However, HE patterns vary among lineages, across generations, and even within individual genomes and chromosomes. The causes and consequences of this variation are not fully understood, though interest in this evolutionary phenomenon has increased in the last decade. Recent technological advances show promise in uncovering the mechanistic basis of HEs. Here, we describe recent observations of the common patterns among allopolyploid angiosperm lineages, underlying genomic and epigenomic features, and consequences of HEs. We identify critical research gaps and discuss future directions with far‐reaching implications in understanding allopolyploid evolution and applying them to the development of important phenotypic traits of polyploid crops.
Tinospora cordifolia modulates the seminal parameters, leakage of intracellular enzymes and seminal antioxidants in equilibrated and cryopreserved semen of Sahiwal bulls
Authors: Prashant  , Tomar P. , Rajoriya J. S. , Ojha B. K. , Singh A. K. , Deshpande D. , Choubey P. , Raje A. , Mishra G. K. , Perumal P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to assess the effects of stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy or Guduchi) in the semen extender on seminal parameters, leakage of intracellular enzymes and antioxidants in semen of Sahiwal bull. A total of 48 ejaculates from four bulls were selected for the study. Spermatozoa of 25 × 106 were incubated in 100, 300 and 500 μg of stem extract of Guduchi as Gr II, III and IV, respectively, and pre‐freeze and post‐thaw semen samples were analysed for seminal parameters [motility, viability, total sperm abnormality (TSA), plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and acrosomal integrity (AcI)], intracellular enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] and seminal antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase] in comparison with an untreated control group (Gr I). The results revealed that stem extract‐treated semen had significantly (p < .05) higher motility, viability, PMI, AcI, SOD and catalase and had significantly (p < .05) lower TSA, AST and LDH compared to those in untreated control group at pre‐freeze and post‐thaw stages. Semen treated with 100 μg stem extract/25 × 106 spermatozoa had significantly (p < .05) higher motility, viability, PMI, AcI, SOD and catalase and had significantly (p < .05) lower TSA, AST and LDH compared to those in control, 300‐ and 500‐μg‐treated groups at pre‐freeze and post‐thaw stages. Further, these seminal parameters and antioxidants were showing decreasing trend and TSA and leakage of intracellular enzymes were showing increasing trend from Gr II to Gr IV at pre‐freeze and post‐thaw stages. Thus, 100 μg/25 × 106 spermatozoa were optimum or suitable dose for cryopreservation of Sahiwal bull semen. The study concluded that T. cordifolia stem extract 100 μg/25 × 106 spermatozoa in the semen extender can be effectively utilized to reduce the oxidative stress and improve the pre‐freeze and post‐thaw seminal parameters in Sahiwal bull. However, further studies on effects of different concentrations of stem extract on in vitro or in vivo fertility trials are to be conducted to assess the impact of the stem extract supplementation in the semen extender on field pregnancy outcomes in bovine species.
A Trifolium repens flavodoxin‐like quinone reductase 1 (TrFQR1) improves plant adaptability to high temperature associated with oxidative homeostasis and lipids remodeling
Authors: Cheng Bizhen , Zhou Min , Tang Tao , Hassan Muhammad Jawad , Zhou Jianzhen , Tan Meng , Li Zhou , Peng Yan 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYMaintenance of stable mitochondrial respiratory chains could enhance adaptability to high temperature, but the potential mechanism was not elucidated clearly in plants. In this study, we identified and isolated a TrFQR1 gene encoding the flavodoxin‐like quinone reductase 1 (TrFQR1) located in mitochondria of leguminous white clover (Trifolium repens). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that amino acid sequences of FQR1 in various plant species showed a high degree of similarities. Ectopic expression of TrFQR1 protected yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from heat damage and toxic levels of benzoquinone, phenanthraquinone and hydroquinone. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and white clover overexpressing TrFQR1 exhibited significantly lower oxidative damage and better photosynthetic capacity and growth than wild‐type in response to high‐temperature stress, whereas AtFQR1‐RNAi A. thaliana showed more severe oxidative damage and growth retardation under heat stress. TrFQR1‐transgenic white clover also maintained better respiratory electron transport chain than wild‐type plants, as manifested by significantly higher mitochondrial complex II and III activities, alternative oxidase activity, NAD(P)H content, and coenzyme Q10 content in response to heat stress. In addition, overexpression of TrFQR1 enhanced the accumulation of lipids including phosphatidylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and cardiolipin as important compositions of bilayers involved in dynamic membrane assembly in mitochondria or chloroplasts positively associated with heat tolerance. TrFQR1‐transgenic white clover also exhibited higher lipids saturation level and phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity during a prolonged period of heat stress. The current study proves that TrFQR1 is essential for heat tolerance associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain, cellular reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and lipids remodeling in plants. TrFQR1 could be selected as a key candidate marker gene to screen heat‐tolerant genotypes or develop heat‐tolerant crops via molecular‐based breeding.
Cytokine transcriptome profiling in acute experimental canine atopic dermatitis skin lesions afterIL‐31 inhibition with lokivetmab
Authors: Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Crawford Natalie , Eder Jordan M. , Gonzales Andrea J. , Olivry Thierry 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe caninised monoclonal antibody lokivetmab (LKV), directed at interleukin (IL)‐31, is very effective at controlling pruritus in most dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, evidence exists that IL‐31 is not required for the induction of acute allergic skin inflammation, which might explain why this treatment is less efficacious in some dogs with AD.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare the comprehensive transcriptome analysis of house dust mite (HDM)‐sensitised dogs with and without treatment with LKV to attest our hypothesis that LKV does not majorly affect acute cytokine/chemokine production.AnimalsSix HDM‐sensitised atopic Maltese‐beagle dogs.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐over study, the cytokine profiling of acute AD skin lesions was compared by RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq), with or without LKV‐induced inhibition of IL‐31. Skin biopsies were obtained from each dog at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after epicutaneous HDM allergen provocation.ResultsMacroscopic and microscopic skin lesion scores were not significantly different between the LKV‐ and nontreatment groups at any time points. Likewise, the results of RNA‐Seq analysis revealed no significant difference in the messenger (m)RNA expression of the major cytokines between these two groups. In LKV‐treated dogs,IL6,IL9,IL13,IL33,CCL17,andCCL22were significantly upregulated compared to their baseline expression levels, suggesting that these cytokines are unaffected by IL‐31 inhibition.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIL‐31 inhibition is insufficient to prevent the expression of other proinflammatory mediators in acute AD and these could be considered as other potential therapeutic targets.
FENGSHUI: SCIENCE, RELIGION, SUPERSTITION, OR TRADE?
Authors: Guo Yuanlin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFengshui (also called Chinese geomancy) is a pre‐modern tradition rooted in Chinese civilization. Chinese civilization is pre‐modern and practice‐oriented due to the domination of political power in China. In contrast, Western civilization is modernized. It witnessed the development of religion in ancient times, and the growth of science through reason (logic) and experiment in modern times. It is both rational and transcendental. It seems that Fengshui is an intermediate between science and religion. It is not science although its focus is on this world, for it does not seek knowledge and truth. It is not religion although it is mystical, for it does not seek transcendence and good. It is not only superstition (or magic), but also a mystical trade that centers on secular benefits.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Social Science Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2
Authors: Young James 
Published: April 2023

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 2Ayşegül Sili Kalem, Necmettin Erbakan Universitesi, TurkeyE.Ozan Aksoz, Anadolu University, TurkeyFroilan Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesGülsüm Depeli, Hacettepe University, TurkeyLingkai Kong, Izmir University of Economics, TurkeyMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanSana Ali, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, PakistanShyue Chuan CHONG, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, MalaysiaYaghoob Foroutan, The University of Waikato, New ZealandYusramizza Md Isa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Hyperglycaemia, pregnancy outcomes and maternal metabolic disease risk during pregnancy and lactation in a lean gestational diabetes mouse model
Authors: Tol Angela J. C. , Hribar Kaja , Kruit Janine , Bongiovanni Laura , Vieira‐Lara Marcel A. , Koster Mirjam H. , Kloosterhuis Niels J. , Havinga Rick , Koehorst Martijn , de Bruin Alain , Bakker Barbara M. , Oosterveer Maaike H. , van der Beek Eline M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) is a pregnancy complication characterized by mild to moderate hyperglycaemia that negatively impacts short‐ and long‐term health of mother and child. However, relationships between severity and timing of pregnancy hyperglycaemia and postpartum outcomes have not been systemically investigated. We investigated the impact of hyperglycaemia developing during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) or already present pre‐mating (pre‐gestational diabetes mellitus, PDM) on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. GDM and PDM were induced in C57BL/6NTac mice by combined 60% high fat diet (HF) and low dose streptozotocin (STZ). Animals were screened for PDM prior to mating, and all underwent an oral glucose tolerance test on gestational day (GD)15. Tissues were collected at GD18 or at postnatal day (PN)15. Among HFSTZ‐treated dams, 34% developed PDM and 66% developed GDM, characterized by impaired glucose‐induced insulin release and inadequate suppression of endogenous glucose production. No increased adiposity or overt insulin resistance was observed. Furthermore, markers of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were significantly increased in PDM at GD18 and were positively correlated with basal glucose levels at GD18 in GDM dams. By PN15, NAFLD markers were also increased in GDM dams. Only PDM affected pregnancy outcomes such as litter size. Our findings indicate that GDM and PDM, resulting in disturbances of maternal glucose homeostasis, increase the risk of postpartum NAFLD development, related to the onset and severity of pregnancy hyperglycaemia. These findings signal a need for earlier monitoring of maternal glycaemia and more rigorous follow‐up of maternal health after GDM and PDM pregnancy in humans.
imageKey points
We studied the impact of high‐fat diet/streptozotocin induced hyperglycaemia in pregnancy in mice and found that this impaired glucose tolerance and insulin release.
Litter size and embryo survival were compromised by pre‐gestational, but not by gestational, diabetes.
Despite postpartum recovery from hyperglycaemia in a majority of dams, liver disease markers were further elevated by postnatal day 15.
Maternal liver disease markers were associated with the severity of hyperglycaemia at gestational day 18.
The association between hyperglycaemic exposure and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease signals a need for more rigorous monitoring and follow‐up of maternal glycaemia and health in diabetic pregnancy in humans.
Multi-Physics Investigations on the Gas-Powder Flow and the Molten Pool Dynamics During Directed Energy Deposition Process
Authors: Duan Chenghong , Cao Xiankun , Luo Xiangpeng , Shang Dazhi , Hao Xiaojie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In order to establish a high-fidelity mechanism model for investigating the molten pool behaviors during directed energy deposition (DED) process, a molten pool dynamics model combined with the discrete element method is developed in the present study. The proposed model contains several newly added particle sources to further intuitively reproduce the interaction between the discrete powder particles and the molten pool. Meanwhile, the effects of the nozzle structure, carrier gas, and shielding gas on the feedstock feeding process are simulated in detail using the gas-powder flow model based on the multi-phase flow theory. The gas-powder flow model is used to provide the reasonable outlet velocities, focal distance, and radius of the focal point for the particle sources in the molten pool dynamics model, which solves the difficulty that the motion state of the powder streams obtained by the molten pool dynamics simulation is hard to reproduce the actual situation. Besides, relevant experiments are conducted to verify the developed models. The predicted parameters of the powder streams are consistent with the experiment, and the deviations of the predicted molten pool dimensions are less than 10%. The heat and mass transfer phenomena inside the molten pool are also revealed. Furthermore, the maximum size of the spherical pore defects is predicted to be 18.6 µm, which is underestimated by 7% compared to the microscopic observation. Altogether, the numerical methods developed in this study could further augment and improve the samples for the machine learning modeling of DED process.
Combined unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a young patient with post-traumatic arthritis
Authors: Madan Fatema , Alsooreti Ahmed , Guatteri Gianluca Cusma 
Published: April 2023

Post-traumatic arthritis can result in significant pain and difficulty in managing daily life activities. Multiple factors are weighed in selecting the proper surgical intervention, with patient age and level of activity being most important. Isolated osteoarthritis is a well-known indication for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, where a better range of motion, preservation of natural knee kinematics and less invasive resection of knee joint bone are used. Moreover, the high improvement rate and long-term results after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and restoration of knee stability can make the combined procedure favourable, particularly for young active patients.We report on an active man in his 30s presenting with isolated medial compartment advanced arthritis after sustaining distal femur intra-articular fracture. He was initially treated with partial unicompartmental knee replacement combined with ACL reconstruction, delivering a good short-term follow-up outcome.Though this case involves just a single patient, the positive outcome suggests that combined partial unicompartmental knee replacement with an ACL reconstruction should be considered for young and active patients diagnosed with isolated advanced medial compartment osteoarthritis.
Tele-UPCAT: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of a home-based Tele-monitored UPper limb Children Action observation Training for participants with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Sgandurra Giuseppina , Cecchi Francesca , Beani Elena , Mannari Irene , Maselli Martina , Falotico Francesco Paolo , Inguaggiato Emanuela , Perazza Silvia , Sicola Elisa , Feys Hilde , Klingels Katrijn , Ferrari Adriano , Dario Paolo , Boyd Roslyn N , Cioni Giovanni 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionA new rehabilitative approach, called UPper Limb Children Action Observation Training (UPCAT), based on the principles of action observation training (AOT), has provided promising results for upper limb rehabilitation in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). This study will investigate if a new information and communication technology platform, named Tele-UPCAT, is able to deliver AOT in a home setting and will test its efficacy on children and young people with UCP.Methods and analysisA randomised, allocation concealed (waitlist control) and evaluator-blinded clinical trial with two investigative arms will be carried out. The experimental group will perform AOT at home for 3 weeks using a customised Tele-UPCAT system where they will watch video sequences of goal-directed actions and then complete the motor training of the same actions. The control group will receive usual care for 3 weeks, which may include upper limb training. They will be offered AOT at home after 3 weeks. Twenty-four children with UCP will be recruited for 12 participants per group. The primary outcome will be measured using Assisting Hand Assessment. The Melbourne Assessment 2, ABILHAND, Participation and Environment Measure-Children and Youth and Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire will be included as secondary measures. Quantitative measures from sensorised objects and participants worn Actigraphs GXT3+ will be analysed. The assessment points will be the week before (T0) and after (T1) the period of AOT/standard care. Further assessments will be at T1 plus, the week after the AOT period for the waitlist group and at 8 weeks (T2) and 24 weeks (T3) after AOT training.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Tuscany Paediatric Ethics Committee (169/2016). Publication of all outcomes will be in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registrationNCT03094455.
Aetiology of ear infection and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients attending otorhinolaryngology clinic at a tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Shangali Aminiel , Kamori Doreen , Massawe Willybroad , Masoud Salim , Kibwana Upendo , Mwingwa Anthony G , Manisha Anselmo , Mwandigha Ambele M , Mirambo Mariam M , Mshana Stephen E , Manyahi Joel , Majigo Mtebe 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the aetiological pathogens causing ear infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients with ear complaints at a tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam.DesignHospital-based cross-sectional study.SettingsOtorhinolaryngology clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ParticipantsPatients presenting with signs and symptoms of ear infection.Main outcome measureBacteria and fungi isolated from ear swab specimens of patients presenting with signs and symptoms of ear infection; and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty-five participants were enrolled, with a median age of 31 years and an IQR of 15–49. Otitis externa was the predominant type of ear infection, accounting for 45.1%. We observed positive bacteria culture in 53.3% of study participants, in which 41% of isolates were obtained from patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Moreover,Staphylococcus aureus(27.3%) andPseudomonas aeruginosa(24.2%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria, whileCandidaspp, 12 (63.8%) andAspergillusspp, 9 (36.2%) were the only isolated fungi. Furthermore, we report that 93% of isolatedEnterobacteraleswere resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 73% were resistant to ceftazidime. In addition, we detected 34.4% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producingEnterobacterales(ESBL-PE) and 44.4% methicillin-resistanceS. aureus(MRSA). We also found that 22% of the bacteria isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, a primary topical antibiotic used in managing ear infections.ConclusionsThe findings from this study reveal that the leading aetiological agent of ear infection is bacteria. Furthermore, our findings show a significant proportion of ESBL-PE and MRSA-causing ear infections. Hence, detecting multidrug-resistant bacteria is crucial to improving ear infection management.
Evaluating safety and effectiveness of the early-onset sepsis calculator to reduce antibiotic exposure in Dutch at-risk newborns: a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: van der Weijden Bo M , van der Weide Marijke C , Plötz Frans B , Achten Niek B 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionNewborns are at risk for early-onset sepsis (EOS). In the Netherlands, EOS affects less than 0.2% of newborns, but approximately 5% are treated with empirical antibiotics. These numbers form an example of overtreatment in countries using risk-factor based guidelines for administrating antibiotics. An alternative to these guidelines is the EOS calculator, a tool that calculates an individual EOS risk and provides management recommendation. However, validation outside the North-American setting is limited, especially for safety outcomes. We aim to investigate whether EOS calculator use can safely reduce antibiotic exposure in newborns with suspected EOS compared with the Dutch guideline.Methods and analysisThis protocol describes a cluster randomised controlled trial assessing whether EOS calculator use is non-inferior regarding safety, and superior regarding limiting overtreatment, compared with the Dutch guideline. We will include newborns born at ≥34 weeks’ gestation, with at least one risk factor consistent with EOS within 24 hours after birth. After 1:1 randomisation, the 10 participating Dutch hospitals will use either the Dutch guideline or the EOS calculator as standard of care for all newborns at risk for EOS. In total, 1830 newborns will be recruited. The coprimary non-inferiority outcome will be the presence of at least one of four predefined safety criteria. The coprimary superiority outcome will be the proportion of participants starting antibiotic therapy for suspected and, or proven EOS within 24 hours after birth. Secondary outcomes will be the total duration of antibiotic therapy, the percentage of antibiotic therapy started between 24 and 72 hours after birth, and parent-reported quality of life. Analyses will be performed both as intention to treat and per protocol.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam UMC (NL78203.018.21). Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05274776.