bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithium‐Oxygen Chemistry at Well‐Designed Model Interface Probed by In Situ Spectroscopy Coupled with Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Guo Limin , Peng Zhangquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aprotic lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) battery has an extremely high theoretical specific energy and potentially provides a tantalizing solution to the renewable energy storage challenge encountered by contemporary and future societies. Nevertheless, the realization of practical Li‐O2 batteries currently meets with substantial challenges that include, but are not limited to, low energy capability and short longevity. To address these obstacles, unveiling the reaction processes and degradation mechanisms of Li‐O2 batteries is crucially important. Over recent years, the research paradigm of in situ spectroscopy coupled with theoretical calculations performed on well‐designed model interfaces, has proved to be indispensable for the fundamental study and performance optimization of various energy storage devices. In this contribution, first representative illustrations of this research paradigm are offered in the study of both primary and parasitic reactions of Li‐O2 batteries, which significantly simplifies, but not degrade, the complex reaction conditions and decouples multiple processes occurring simultaneously in Li‐O2 cells. Then, the perspective is provided on the remaining issues as well as uncertainties and discuss future research directions. Finally, wider research community is encouraged to tailor‐design versatile model interfaces to better bridge in situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations for the research and development of better Li‐O2 batteries and beyond.
High‐performance Poly(biphenyl piperidinium) Type Anion Exchange Membranes with Interconnected Ion Transfer Channels: Cooperativity of Dual Cations and Fluorinated Side Chains
Authors: Xu Guodong , Pan Ji , Zou Xiuyang , Jin Zhiyu , Zhang Jiale , Fang Pengda , Zhang Qiuhuan , Sun Zhe , Yan Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe performance of alkaline fuel cells is severely limited by substandard anion exchange membranes (AEMs) due to the lower ionic conductivity compared to the proton exchange membranes. The ionic conductivity of AEMs can be effectively improved by regulating the microphase structure, but it still cannot meet the practical use requirements. Here, enhanced microphase‐separated structures are constructed by the cooperativity of highly hydrophilic dual cations and highly hydrophobic fluorinated side chains. Meanwhile, the introduction of O enhances the flexibility of side chains and facilitates the formation of ion transport channels. The dual piperidinium cation functionalized membrane (PB2Pip‐5C8F) which is grafted with the ultra‐hydrophobic fluorocarbon chain exhibits a high conductivity of 74.4 mS cm−1 at 30 °C and 168.46 mS cm−1 at 80 °C. Furthermore, the PB2Pip‐5C8F membrane achieves the highest peak power density of 718 mW cm−2 at 80 °C under a current density of 1197 mA cm−2 without back pressure. A long‐term life cell test of this AEM shows a low voltage decay rate of 1.68 mV h−1 over 70 h of operation at 80 °C.
Polyphenol‐Mediated Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoclusters for Highly Stable Magnetically Responsive Photonic Crystals
Authors: Liu Yun , Luo Wei , Fan Qingsong , Ma Huiru , Yin Yadong , Long Yi , Guan Jianguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAchieving high stability and excellent optical performance in complex environments is crucial for practical applications of magnetically responsive photonic crystals (MRPCs). It, however, remains a great challenge. This study demonstrates a polyphenol‐mediated strategy for synthesizing size‐controllable superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) colloid nanocrystal clusters (CNCs) that can be stably dispersed in various polar solvents to form MRPCs with brilliant structural colors for a long term. As tannic acid (TA) functions as a linker to robustly bind polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) chains to Fe3O4 surfaces, the MRPCs can maintain nearly constant diffraction wavelength and high reflectance for up to 4 years. The strong coordination between TA and Fe3+ inhibits crystal growth, ensuring the small primary crystal size and superparamagnetism of Fe3O4@TA‐PVP CNCs. Partial oxidation of TA accelerates the crystal nucleation and growth, reducing the overall CNC particle size, which can be utilized for controlling the particle size. Additionally, enhancing the dissolution of PVP before the solvothermal reaction improves the size monodispersity of the products, making the as‐constructed MRPCs ideal for practical applications in color display, sensors, anti‐counterfeiting, and camouflage. The Fe3O4@TA‐PVP CNCs with high stability and versatility for surface‐functionalization are also promising for magnetic resonance imaging, targeting drug delivery, recyclable catalysis, and magnetic nanomotors.
Bendable Silicene Membranes
Authors: Martella Christian , Massetti Chiara , Dhungana Daya Sagar , Bonera Emiliano , Grazianetti Carlo , Molle Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to their superior mechanical properties, 2D materials have gained interest as active layers in flexible devices co‐integrating electronic, photonic, and straintronic functions altogether. To this end, 2D bendable membranes compatible with the technological process standards and endowed with large‐scale uniformity are highly desired. Here, it is reported on the realization of bendable membranes based on silicene layers (the 2D form of silicon) by means of a process in which the layers are fully detached from the native substrate and transferred onto arbitrary flexible substrates. The application of macroscopic mechanical deformations induces a strain‐responsive behavior in the Raman spectrum of silicene. It is also shown that the membranes under elastic tension relaxation are prone to form microscale wrinkles displaying a local generation of strain in the silicene layer consistent with that observed under macroscopic mechanical deformation. Optothermal Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal a curvature‐dependent heat dispersion in silicene wrinkles. Finally, as compelling evidence of the technological potential of the silicene membranes, it is demonstrated that they can be readily introduced into a lithographic process flow resulting in the definition of flexible device‐ready architectures, a piezoresistor, and thus paving the way to a viable advance in a fully silicon‐compatible technology framework.
Neonatal‐Tissue‐Derived Extracellular Vesicle Therapy (NEXT): A Potent Strategy for Precision Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Lou Peng , Liu Shuyun , Wang Yizhuo , Lv Ke , Zhou Xiyue , Li Lan , Zhang Yong , Chen Younan , Cheng Jingqiu , Lu Yanrong , Liu Jingping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicle (EV)‐based therapies have emerged as a promising means in regenerative medicine. However, the conventional EV therapy strategy displays some limitations, such as inefficient EV production and lack of tissue‐specific repair effects. Here, it is reported that neonatal‐tissue‐derived EV therapy (NEXT) is a potent strategy for precision tissue repair. In brief, large amounts of EVs with higher yield/purity can be readily isolated from desired tissues with less production time/cost compared to the conventional cell‐culture‐based method. Moreover, source factors, such as age and tissue type, can affect the repair efficacy of such tissue‐derived EVs in different tissue injury models (skin wounds and acute kidney injury), and neonatal‐tissue‐derived EVs show superior tissue repair potency compared with adult‐tissue‐derived EVs. Different age‐ or tissue‐type‐derived EVs have distinct composition (e.g., protein) signatures that are likely due to the diverse metabolic patterns of the donor tissues, which may contribute to the specific repair action modes of NEXT in different types of tissue injury. Furthermore, neonatal‐tissue‐derived EVs can be incorporated with bioactive materials for advanced tissue repair. This study highlights that the NEXT strategy may provide a new avenue for precision tissue repair in many types of tissue injury.
Quantifying Charge Extraction and Recombination Using the Rise and Decay of the Transient Photovoltage of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Krückemeier Lisa , Liu Zhifa , Kirchartz Thomas , Rau Uwe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe extraction of photogenerated charge carriers and the generation of a photovoltage belong to the fundamental functionalities of any solar cell. These processes happen not instantaneously but rather come with finite time constants, e.g., a time constant related to the rise of the externally measured open circuit voltage following a short light pulse. Herein, a new method to analyze transient photovoltage measurements at different bias light intensities combining rise and decay times of the photovoltage. The approach uses a linearized version of a system of two coupled differential equations that are solved analytically by determining the eigenvalues of a 2 × 2 matrix. By comparison between the eigenvalues and the measured rise and decay times during a transient photovoltage measurement, the rates of carrier recombination and extraction as a function of bias voltage are determined, and establish a simple link between their ratio and the efficiency losses in the perovskite solar cell.
Imitating Architectural Mortise‐Tenon Structure for Stable Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes
Authors: Tan Xinghua , Chen Zhefeng , Liu Tongchao , Zhang Yongxin , Zhang Mingjian , Li Shunning , Chu Weiguo , Liu Kang , Yang Peihua , Pan Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNi‐rich layered oxides are the most promising cathodes for Li‐ion batteries, but chemo‐mechanical failures during cycling and large first‐cycle capacity loss hinder their applications in high‐energy batteries. Herein, by introducing spinel‐like mortise‐tenon structures into the layered phase of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), the adverse volume variations in cathode materials can be significantly suppressed. Meanwhile, these mortise‐tenon structures play the role of the expressway for fast lithium‐ion transport, which is substantiated by experiments and calculations. Moreover, the particles with mortise‐tenon structures usually terminate with the most stable (003) facet. The new cathode exhibits a discharge capacity of 215 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 97.5%, and capacity retention of 82.2% after 1200 cycles at 1 C. This work offers a viable lattice engineering to address the stability and low initial Coulombic efficiency of the Ni‐rich layered oxides, and facilitates the implementation of Li‐ion batteries with high‐energy density and long durability.
Shift‐Current Photovoltaics Based on a Non‐Centrosymmetric Phase in In‐Plane Ferroelectric SnS
Authors: Chang Yih‐Ren , Nanae Ryo , Kitamura Satsuki , Nishimura Tomonori , Wang Haonan , Xiang Yubei , Shinokita Keisuke , Matsuda Kazunari , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Nagashio Kosuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe shift‐current photovoltaics of group‐IV monochalcogenides has been predicted to be comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art Si‐based solar cells. However, its exploration has been prevented from the centrosymmetric layer stacking in the thermodynamically stable bulk crystal. Herein, the non‐centrosymmetric layer stacking of tin sulfide (SnS) is stabilized in the bottom regions of SnS crystals grown on a van der Waals substrate by physical vapor deposition and the shift current of SnS, by combining the polarization angle dependence and circular photogalvanic effect, is demonstrated. Furthermore, 180° ferroelectric domains in SnS are verified through both piezoresponse force microscopy and shift‐current mapping techniques. Based on these results, an atomic model of the ferroelectric domain boundary is proposed. The direct observation of shift current and ferroelectric domains reported herein paves a new path for future studies on shift‐current photovoltaics.
The History of Electrospinning: Past, Present, and Future Developments
Authors: Keirouz Antonios , Wang Zhe , Reddy Vundrala Sumedha , Nagy Zsombor Kristóf , Vass Panna , Buzgo Matej , Ramakrishna Seeram , Radacsi Norbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectrospinning has rapidly progressed over the past few decades as an easy and versatile way to fabricate fibers with diameters ranging from micrometers to tens of nanometers that present unique and intricate morphologies. This has led to the conception of new technologies and diverse methods that exploit the basic electrohydrodynamic phenomena of the electrospinning process, which has in turn led to the invention of novel apparatuses that have reshaped the field. Research on revamping conventional electrospinning has principally focused on achieving three key objectives: upscaling the process while retaining consistent morphological traits, developing 3D nanofibrous macrostructures, and formulating novel fiber configurations. This review introduces an extensive group of diverse electrospinning techniques and presents a comperative study based on the apparatus type and output. Then, each process's advantages and limitations are critically assessed to identify the bona fide practicability and relevance of each technological breakthrough. Finally, the outlook on future developments of advanced electrospinning technologies is outlined, with an emphasis on upscaling, translational research, sustainable manufacturing and prospective solutions to current shortcomings.
Enhanced Energy Transfer between Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers and 2D MoS2 Films Accurately Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Zeng Shuai‐Shuai , Xing You‐Qiang , Wu Ze , Li Bing‐Jue , Huang Peng , Liu Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnergy transfer between 2D MoS2 films and fluorescent emitters is widely used in biological detection and imaging. In this paper, by regulating the thickness of the MoS2 film on the diamond surface through the number of atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles, the energy transfer efficiency between the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center and the MoS2 film is improved and precisely controlled. When the number of ALD cycles is 8, the energy transfer efficiency between the 2D MoS2 film and the NV center is 86.35%. Furthermore, when the number of ALD cycles is more significant than 140, compared with 2D and 3D graphene structures, the energy transfer efficiency of the NV center is increased by 126.55% and 24.60%, respectively. Meantime, the fluorescence lifetime of the NV center is reduced in the presence of the MoS2 film, indicating that the MoS2 film provides a new, additional fluorescence decay channel for the NV center in the MoS2 film and the NV center system. Moreover, ALD can also effectively improve the tightness of the contact interface between the MoS2 film and the diamond. This paper provides a new method and experimental basis for regulating the photon emission behavior of emitters.
Photocatalytic Oxidation in Few‐Layer Tellurene for Loss‐Invariant Integrated Photonic Resonance Trimming
Authors: Mao Dun , Wang Yixiu , Lee Hwaseob , Chang Lorry , Wang Feifan , Wu Darren , Xiao Yahui , Sun Boshu , Ullah Kaleem , Booksh Karl , Wu Wenzhuo , Gu Tingyi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials with unique physicochemical properties promote photocatalytic activities. As the 2D material composites research studies the statistical average of complex catalytic behaviors, an integrated photonic platform allows for clean and single flake level photo‐catalytic investigations with precisely quantified photocatalytic activities. In this paper, fluence‐dependent photo‐oxidation in two‐dimensional Tellurene (2D Te) is tracked by the evanescently coupled micro‐resonator. Nearly 32% of oxidation is achieved in ≈10 nm 2D Te flake, compared to only 4.5% oxidation in a 30 nm sample, probed by the resonance shift in silicon micro‐ring resonators substrate. The wider bandgap in the few layers of 2D Te allows faster charge transfer to adsorbed oxygen for a more efficient photocatalytic redox reaction. The photo‐oxidation in hybrid 2D Te results in invariant lineshapes of optical transmission resonance for wavelength trimming (more than 3× resonance bandwidth). The low threshold power, near‐infrared, and in‐waveguide resonance trimming scheme is compatible with most integrated photonic setups for easy fixing of the nanofabrication‐induced random resonance deviation for integrated photonic circuit applications in wavelength‐division‐multiplexing systems and spin qubits quantum computing.
Regulating the Distance Between Donor and Acceptor in Space‐Confined Through‐Space Charge Transfer Emitters for Fast Radiative Decays and High‐Efficiency Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes With Low Efficiency Roll‐Offs
Authors: Song Yongjun , Li Yibo , Yu Renyou , Zhang Ke , He Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThrough‐space charge transfer (TSCT) emitters featuring thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are extensively researched but suffer from low radiative decay rates (kr,s) due to insufficient through‐space donor/acceptor interactions. Here, space‐confined TSCT TADF emitters 1–3 with a chemically fixed benzophenone acceptor and a triphenylamine donor on different bridges, that is, 1‐methyl‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene for 1, 4‐methyl‐9H‐xanthene for 2 and 4‐methyl‐9H‐thioxanthene for 3, which exhibit reinforced donor/acceptor interactions with shortened donor–acceptor distances, are reported. It is unveiled that there exists an optimal distance between the fixing sites of donor and acceptor. The emitter 2 with such an optimal distance shows both strong donor/acceptor interactions and high molecular rigidity, whereas the emitter 3 with a too short distance exhibits a twisted molecular structure and increased non‐radiative deactivation. In solution, 1–3 shows high kr,s up to 3.0 × 107 s−1. In doped films, 1–3 exhibits green emission with high kr,s up to 8.3 × 106 s−1 and photoluminescent efficiency up to 0.96. Organic light‐emitting diodes based on 1–3 afford high external quantum efficiencies up to 23.1% and largely alleviated efficiency roll‐offs. The work demonstrates that using rigid bridges that render an optimal donor–acceptor distance is crucial to the development of highly efficient TSCT emitters with fast radiative decays for electroluminescence applications.
Multicomponent Annulative SO2 Insertion of Heteroatom‐Linked 1,7‐Diynes for Accessing Tricyclic Sulfones
Authors: Wang Lu , Shen Yi‐Ting , Wang Yu‐Xin , Wang Hai‐Ying , Hao Wen‐Juan , Jiang Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA metal‐free radical multicomponent bicyclization of heteroatom‐linked 1,7‐diynes with aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates and DABCO‐bis(sulfurdioxide) (DABSO) is reported, enabling annulative SO2 insertion access to produce two types of skeletally diverse tricyclic sulfones, namely, thieno[3,4‐c]quinoline 2,2‐dioxides and thieno[3,4‐c]chromene 2,2‐dioxides, with moderate to good yields by simply tuning the linkers of the 1,7‐diynes. This protocol demonstrates remarkable compatibility regarding N‐ and O‐linked 1,7‐diynes with different substitution patterns and aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates.magnified image
Biological UV Photoreceptors‐Inspired Sn‐Doped Polycrystalline β‐Ga2O3 Optoelectronic Synaptic Phototransistor for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Yoon Youngbin , Kim Youngki , Hwang Wan Sik , Shin Myunghun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, the authors fabricate Sn‐doped 100‐nm thick polycrystalline β‐Ga2O3 synaptic field‐effect transistors (FETs) emulating optical and electrical spike stimulation. When stimulated by deep ultraviolet (UV) optical spikes or electric voltage spikes at the gate, the devices exhibit several essential synaptic functions of excitatory‐postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), inhibitory‐postsynaptic currents (IPSCs), paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), spike‐number‐dependent plasticity (SNDP), and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP). Following UV optical stimulation, the devices mimic synaptic plasticity with a photogate effect, and the gate voltage stimulation emulates the synaptic weights according to the state of the gate dielectric interface. The β‐Ga2O3 synaptic FET demonstrates synergistic functions in various optoelectronic stimulation modes and successfully mimics the visual memory formation in bees with UV photoreceptors. Moreover, to verify the translation of optoelectrical‐derived synaptic behaviors of β‐Ga2O3 synaptic FETs into artificial neuromorphic computing, handwritten digit image recognition of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset is performed using a convolutional neural network, and a learning accuracy of 96.92% is achieved. The realization of these fundamental functions of biological synapses suggests the utility of Ga2O3‐based optoelectronic devices for next‐generation neuromorphic computing.
Aggregation‐induced emission luminogens for in vivo molecular imaging and theranostics in cancer
Authors: Cen Peili , Huang Jiani , Jin Chentao , Wang Jing , Wei Yen , Zhang Hong , Tian Mei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCancer is one of the most fatal diseases for decades. Aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been recently used as molecular imaging or therapeutic agents in cancers, due to the advantages of large Stokes shift, high quantum yield, great biocompatibility, and strong photostability. AIEgens can specifically target different types of cancer via diverse targeting strategies. AIEgen‐based fluorescence imaging, especially near‐infrared imaging, demonstrated deep penetration and suitable signal‐to‐noise ratio, which allows reliable in vivo cancer imaging. Combined with other imaging modalities, AIEgen‐based multimodal imaging could provide multidimensional cancer hallmarks from different perspectives. In addition, AIEgen‐based phototherapy can be used for photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, which facilitate ablation of cancer cells with good biosafety and high therapeutic effects in vivo. AIEgens nanoparticles fabricated with some specific chemicals, drugs, or siRNA, could display synergistic therapeutic effects for cancers. This paper comprehensively describes the current status and future perspectives of AIEgens, which have showed a great potential for the future preclinical and clinical translation on in vivo molecular imaging and theranostics in cancer.
A First Application of Machine and Deep Learning for Background Rejection in the ALPS II TES Detector
Authors: Meyer Manuel , Isleif Katharina , Januschek Friederike , Lindner Axel , Othman Gulden , Rubiera Gimeno José Alejandro , Schwemmbauer Christina , Schott Matthias , Shah Rikhav ,   for the ALPS Collaboration
Published: May 2023

AbstractAxions and axion‐like particles are hypothetical particles predicted in extensions of the standard model and are promising cold dark matter candidates. The Any Light Particle Search (ALPS II) experiment is a light‐shining‐through‐the‐wall experiment that aims to produce these particles from a strong light source and magnetic field and subsequently detect them through a reconversion into photons. With an expected rate ≈1 photon per day, a sensitive detection scheme needs to be employed and characterized. One foreseen detector is based on a transition edge sensor (TES). Here, the machine and deep learning algorithms for the rejection of background events recorded with the TES are investigated. A first application of convolutional neural networks to classify time series data measured with the TES is also presented.