bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of two circulations in a COVID‐19 patient with secondary superinfection
Authors: Stadlen Rachael , Singhal Arun K. , Reed Robert M. , Hasday Jeffrey D. , Bates Melissa L. , Schmidt Gregory A. , Eberlein Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptimal oxygenation in the intensive care unit requires adequate pulmonary gas exchange, oxygen‐carrying capacity in the form of hemoglobin, sufficient delivery of oxygenated hemoglobin to the tissue, and an appropriate tissue oxygen demand. In this Case Study in Physiology, we describe a patient with COVID‐19 whose pulmonary gas exchange and oxygen delivery were severely compromised by COVID‐19 pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. His clinical course was complicated by a secondary superinfection with staphylococcus aureus and sepsis. This case study is provided with two goals in mind (1) We outline how basic physiology was used to address life‐threatening consequences of a novel infection—COVID‐19. (2) We describe a strategy of whole‐body cooling to lower the cardiac output and oxygen consumption, use of the shunt equation to optimize flow to the ECMO circuit, and transfusion to improve oxygen‐carrying capacity when ECMO alone failed to provide sufficient oxygenation.
Steady‐state cerebral blood flow and dynamic cerebral autoregulation during neck flexion and extension in seated healthy young adults
Authors: Kato Tomokazu , Konishi Toru , Kurazumi Takuya , Ogawa Yojiro , Iwasaki Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeck flexion and extension show differences in various physiological factors, such as sympathetic nerve activity and intracranial pressure (ICP). We hypothesized that differences would exist in steady‐state cerebral blood flow and dynamic cerebral autoregulation between neck flexion and extension in seated, healthy young adults. Fifteen healthy adults were studied in the sitting position. Data were collected during neck flexion and extension in random order for 6 min each on the same day. Arterial pressure at the heart level was measured using a cuff sphygmomanometer. Mean arterial pressure at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) level (MAPMCA) was calculated by subtracting the hydrostatic pressure difference between heart and MCA levels from mean arterial pressure at the heart level. Non‐invasive cerebral perfusion pressure (nCPP) was estimated as the MAPMCA minus the non‐invasive ICP as determined from transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Waveforms of arterial pressure in the finger and blood velocity in the MCA (MCAv) were obtained. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was evaluated by transfer function analysis between these waveforms. The results showed that nCPP was significantly higher during neck flexion than during neck extension (p = 0.004). However, no significant differences were observed in mean MCAv (p = 0.752). Likewise, no significant differences were observed in any of the three indices of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in any frequency range. Although non‐invasively estimated cerebral perfusion pressure was significantly higher during neck flexion than during neck extension, no differences in steady‐state cerebral blood flow or dynamic cerebral autoregulation were evident between neck flexion and extension in seated healthy adults.
Magnetic fields with random initial conditions in discs with Kepler rotation curve
Authors: Grachev Denis A. , Mikhailov Evgeny A. , Zhikhareva Ekaterina N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMagnetic fields of various astrophysical objects are described using the dynamo mechanism. Corresponding equations in the three-dimensional case are quite difficult to be solved. So, the two-dimensional models can be useful for such problems. For galactic and accretion discs, it is convenient to use the no-zzapproximation. The initial conditions for the magnetic field have a special interest. It seems that the seed field is generated by the Biermann mechanism, and after that they are transformed by the small-scale dynamo which gives a random structure of the field. Previously it has been shown that random initial conditions can lead to generation of large-scale magnetic field structures which correspond to the galaxies at the moment. In this work, we have studied generation of the magnetic field for the case of Kepler rotation curve, which is mostly suitable to the accretion discs. Here, we have studied the field generation in the thin disc for rapidly changing angular velocity in the case of simple model assumptions.
Trade Policies and FDI with an Endogenous Market Structure
Authors: Hsu Chih-Yi , Hwang Hong , Lin Yan-Shu , Peng Cheng-Hau 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Given an endogenous market structure, this research investigates the effects of tariff and equivalent quota policies on foreign firms’ FDI decisions. Findings show that foreign firms have symmetric (asymmetric) decisions in terms of FDI versus export under a tariff (quota) policy. Furthermore, FDI is more likely to occur under the tariff than the quota regime, but the former is definitely more (less) desirable than the latter in terms of domestic (world) welfare. Finally, a more cost-efficient firm is more likely to engage in FDI under either the tariff or the quota regime.
The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
Authors: Bozkurt Mehmet Fatih , Peşmen Günnur 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of sodium borate on hatching power, chick weight, chick length in fertile broiler eggs. A total of 256 fertile broiler eggs were incubated in the study. On Day 18 of incubation, two groups were injected with 0.1 mL of 0.5 mg and 1 mg of sodium borate dissolved in saline, and two groups were used as sham control (injected with 0.1 mL of saline) and uninjected control. Hatching power was apparently increased (P ≤ 0.05) by in ovo injection of sodium borate (0.5 mg) rather than control groups and sodium borate (1 mg) group. While there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of chick weights, a significant difference was found between group B and other experimental groups in terms of chick length (P < 0.05). In ovo sodium borate injection (0.5 mg) had a positive effect on villus length, crypt width, villus absorption surface (HASA), and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive crypt cells.
Experimental measurement and numerical predictions of thickness variation and transverse stresses in a concrete ring
Authors: Landry Djopkop Kouanang , Merlin Bodol Momha , Jean Chills Amba , Joseph Nkongho Anyi , Eric Fongho , Ambassa Zoa , Robert Nzengwa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Concrete shells are widespread in civil engineering constructions. Because of the moldability of concrete, special structures such as domes, bridge caissons, buried or raised reservoirs, and arch dams are built with concrete. In this study, we are particularly interested in the variation of the thickness and the resulting strains during a short-term mechanical loading of a concrete ring in its elastic phase. On the one hand, transverse stresses through the thickness are calculated numerically by implementing a particular family of finite elements (four degrees of freedom per summit node) with a two-dimensional shell model, which accounts for thickness variations and transverse distortions. On the other hand, an experimental device was mounted in order to validate numerical predictions.
Prediction of effect of wind speed on air pollution level using machine learning technique
Authors: Pandey Anuradha , Kumar Vipin , Rawat Anubhav , Rawal Nekram 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most challenging issues poses serious threat to human health and environment. The increasing influx of population in metropolitan cities has further worsened the situation. Quantifying the air pollution experimentally is quite a challenging task as it depends on many parameters viz., wind speed, wind temperature, relative humidity, temperature etc. It requires the investment of huge money and manpower for controlling air pollution. Machine learning technique-based computer modelling reduces both of the parameters. In the present work, the dependence of air pollution level on wind speed and temperature has been taken up using machine learning in the form of ANN and LSTM model. The recorded data of air pollution level (PM2.5) is collected from a measurement station of Lucknow city situated at Central School, CPCB. The data is used in an Artificial Neural based network and in an LSTM model to predict suitably the level of air pollution for a known value of average wind speed and temperature without experimental measurements. LSTM model is found to predict the pollution level better than ANN for the developed ANN networks.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of the thermal and mechanical properties of addition liquid silicone rubber modified by carbon nanotubes with different radii
Authors: Guo Lei , Xu Haiyun , Wu Nenghang , Yuan Shuai , Zhou Lijun , Wang Dongyang , Wang Lujia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For microscopic analysis of the effect of doping with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of different radii on the thermal and mechanical properties of addition liquid silicone rubber (ALSR) composites, models of pure silicone rubber and silicone rubber composites containing CNTs of different radii were constructed based on a molecular dynamics approach using vinyl-capped polydimethylsiloxane (VPDMS) as the base polymer and polyhydroxymethylsiloxane (PHMS) as the cross-linker. The thermal and mechanical properties and microstructures of the different models were analyzed and compared. It was found that the doping of CNTs could change the thermomechanical properties of the composites, and the doping of CNTs with small radius had a more positive effect on the material, the thermal conductivity, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties of the composites are improved. Due to the doping of CNTs, the free volume percentage and the mean square displacement of the composites are reduced. It is noteworthy that during the modeling and optimization process, there are molecular chains that pass through the large radius CNTs, and the structural properties of the composite CNTs themselves play a more critical role in the enhancement effect of the thermodynamic properties of the composites compared to the binding energy and free volume.
Do Sociocultural Factors Drive Civic Engagement? An Examination of Political Interest and Religious Attendance
Authors: Piatak Jaclyn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe U.S. simultaneously faces declining rates of and barriers to engagement, despite the importance to society and benefits to the participant. Research largely focuses on individual demographics, social, and economic characteristics, but what role do sociocultural factors play in civic engagement? This study examines the influence of political interest and religious attendance on five measures of civic engagement—formal volunteering, informal volunteering, public meeting attendance, voting, and blood donation. Religious attendance plays a greater role in volunteering while political interest plays a greater role in political participation. This work illustrates how different factors relate to different types of engagement. Findings demonstrate the need to move beyond socioeconomic factors to examine sociocultural factors that may influence civic engagement and the need for multiple measures of engagement.
Social factors related to depression during COVID-19
Authors: Aumer Katherine , Erickson Michael A. , Tsukayama Eli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Depression can impact both the administration and efficacy of vaccines. Identifying social factors that contribute to depression, especially during a pandemic, is important for both current and future public health issues. Publicly available data can help identify key social factors contributing to depression.

Method
For each US state, information regarding their change in depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire 2, predominant political affiliation, coronavirus disease 19 cases/100k, and lockdown severity were gathered. Structural equation modeling using latent change scores was conducted to assess the longitudinal relationships among depression, cases/100k, and state social restrictions.

Results
Higher initial levels of lockdown severity and depression predicted rank-order decreases in themselves over time. Correlations among the latent change variables reveal that changes in lockdown severity are negatively related to changes in cases/100k and changes in lockdown severity are positively related to changes in depression after controlling for the other variables.

Conclusion
Significant rank-order decreases in depression from T1 to T2 in blue states (who tend to vote for Democrats) vs red states (who tend to vote for Republicans) suggest that decreases in depression may be impacted by the population density and/or political views of that state. Rank-order increases in lockdown measures were negatively associated with rank-order increases in COVID-19 infections, demonstrating strong evidence that lockdown measures do help decrease the spread of COVID-19. Political affiliation and/or population density should be measured and assessed to help facilitate future public health efforts.
Twitter Interactions in the Era of the Virtual Academic Conference: A Comparison Between Years
Authors: Albertson Dan , Rogers Monica 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The goal of this study is to assess variations in interactions over social media at academic conferences when held onsite versus online. Here, Twitter activities from different years of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T AM) are analyzed and reported. Data elements of individual tweets were examined using both primary- and second-level analyses, showing overall participation levels and the number of actions across different variables. The activity level and relative impact on the overall results of users who appeared in both years emerged as a key finding. Twitter activities during both the 2018 (Vancouver) and 2020 (online) ASIS&T AM were collected and compared.
The vital use of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (MCR) in chemical synthesis
Authors: Mohlala Reagan Lehlogonolo , Coyanis Elena Mabel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Multicomponent (MCRs) reactions are classified as one-pot reaction where more than two starting materials are employed to form a single product that contains the building blocks of the starting components. MCRs are considered a convenient approach in synthetic chemistry and have many advantages over the traditional one or two-component reaction, by reducing the number of sequential multiple steps required and often producing better yields. This chapter dissects the use of isocyanide-based MCRs and the elegant chemistry that they offer to build useful scaffolds in the chemical synthetic field. In addition MCRs are considered as one of the recognisable options for increasing “greenness” during the synthesis of pharmaceutical and industrial products.
Associations between fine particulate matter and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Pengfei , Li Ruijin , Sze Stephen Cho Wing , Yung Ken Kin Lam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide. The impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on many diseases is a global concern, yet its association with CRC is unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of PM2.5 exposure on CRC. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for population-based articles published before September 2022, providing risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 85,743 articles, we identified 10 eligible studies across multiple countries and regions in North America and Asia. We calculated the overall risk, incidence and mortality and performed subgroup analyses according to countries and regions. The results revealed an association between PM2.5 and increased risk of CRC (total risk, 1.19 [95% CI 1.12–1.28]; incidence, OR=1.18 [95% CI 1.09–1.28]; mortality, OR=1.21 [95% CI 1.09–1.35]). The elevated risks of CRC associated with PM2.5 were different across countries and regions, at 1.34 [95% CI 1.20–1.49], 1.00 [95% CI 1.00–1.00], 1.08 [95% CI 1.06–1.10], 1.18 [95% CI 1.07–1.29], 1.01 [95% CI 0.79–1.30], in the United States, China, Taiwan, Thailand, and Hong Kong, respectively. Incidence and mortality risks were higher in North America than those in Asia. In particular, the incidence and mortality were highest in the United States (1.61 [95% CI 1.38–1.89] and 1.29 [95% CI 1.17–1.42], respectively) than those in other countries. This study is the first comprehensive meta-analysis to find a strong association between PM2.5 exposure and increased CRC risk.
Griechische Inschriften als Verstehenshilfe für Klage- und Dankpsalmen
Authors: Kellenberger Edgar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Greek inscriptions from Asia Minor (2nd century B.C. to 3rd century A.D.) offer opportunities for understanding the Psalms despite the great distance. No literary influences are to be assumed, but analogous life situations. While the texts of the Psalms can be changed by updating them, the unchangeable Asia Minor inscriptions show the original situation undistorted. The following are interesting for the understanding of the Psalms: more concrete naming of the human offence, illness as divine punishment, vows, consequences of reconciliation for the social environment, votive tablet or votive scroll, στηλογραφία and מכתם / מכתב.
Characteristics of Horizontal Frost Heave in Foundation Pits under Different Conditions and Anti–frost Heave Measures
Authors: Zhao Xiaolin , Shen Yupeng , Lin Yuanrong , Tang Tianxiao , Liu Xin , Liu Yue , Chen Mo , Guo Jingfu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Accidents induced by horizontal frost heave (HFH) occur frequently in foundation pits. Pit walls are unstable because of the deformation due to HFH. The effects of HFH have been ignored in the design and construction of foundation pits, and existing studies on the characteristics of HFH in foundation pits are limited. Therefore, research on HFH in foundation pits is necessary. To reveal the characteristics of HFH in foundation pits, field monitoring of water migration, temperature variation, and force variation in foundation pits under different water supplements and support types was carried out in Beijing. Furthermore, the numerical model of the foundation pit was established and solved by the finite element method. The model was verified by the monitored data. Based on the model, insulation materials were laid in the wall of the foundation pit in the seasonally frozen soil area to prevent frost heave (FH). Temperature and displacement were employed in the calculations to evaluate the effects of anti-FH measures with the different insulation materials, and the results indicate that the value of the polystyrene insulation board was best.
Influence of the learning curve on the immediate postoperative pain intensity after laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty
Authors: Élthes Etele Előd , Dénes Márton , Neagoe Mircea R , Dézsi-Benyovszki Annamária 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Inguinal hernia repairs represent one of the most commonly performed surgical operations worldwide. As more experience has been gained over the past decades with laparoscopic techniques, they are now widely used also for the repair of primary and unilateral inguinal hernias, representing a safe and effective alternative. One of the major concerns of patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair is postoperative pain and socio-professional reintegration.
Aim of study. This study started from the hypothesis that the learning curve could influence postoperative pain intensity after laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty.
Methods. A retrospective - comparative study was performed, including a general surgeon’s first consecutive cases (n=87) of TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal procedure) hernioplasty procedures with implantation of self-gripping surgical prosthesis were investigated.
Results. The evaluation of clinical and surgical aspects resulted in similar values in case of the studied groups. A reduction in surgical time was observed in case of patients operated after completing the learning curve (p = 0.0005) On the first postoperative day patients complained mostly about persistent and severe type of pain. Average Pain Index calculated with help of Simple Numeric Pain Scale resulted in similar values. Length of analgesic treatment showed no significant differences. Although higher intensity pain was mostly caracteristic in case of patients operated during the learning process, no significant relationship between learning curve and postoperative pain intensity were highlited.
Conclusion. TAPP can be a safe technique for young surgeons as well, with the right study program the procedure can be mastered safely.
Сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку кріобіології і кріомедицини
Authors: Петренко Олександр Юрійович 
Published: February 2023

Доповідь присвячено отриманим в Інституті проблем кріобіології і кріомедицини НАН України результатам комплексних досліджень з вивчення механізмів кріоушкоджень, природної стійкості біологічних об’єктів до дії холоду, створення ефективних засобів штучного захисту біологічних систем різного рівня організації, розроблення на їхній основі новітніх технологій кріоконсервування біологічних об’єктів, створення кріобанків довгострокового збереження генофонду людей, тварин і рослин. Одним із важливих завдань Інституту є одержання і кріоконсервування стовбурових клітин та розроблених на їх основі тканинно-інженерних конструкцій з метою подальшого застосування в медичній практиці.
Цитування: Петренко О.Ю. Сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку кріобіології і кріомедицини. Вісник НАН України. 2023. № 2. С. 75—78. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2023.02.075
Універсальна біотехнологія знешкодження токсичних органічних відходів і металів з отриманням цінних продуктів
Authors: Говоруха Віра Михайлівна 
Published: February 2023

Доповідь присвячено дослідженню закономірностей взаємодії мікроорганізмів з органічними відходами і токсичними металами та визначенню способів їх знешкодження. Розглянуто шляхи оптимізації та підвищення ефективності цього процесу. Запропоновано підхід до створення універсальної біотехнології одночасного зброджування багатокомпонентних органічних відходів та видалення розчинних токсичних металів з отриманням цінних продуктів: молекулярного водню, метану, твердого палива, біодобрива, концентрату металів та очищеної води.
Цитування: Говоруха В.М. Універсальна біотехнологія знешкодження токсичних органічних відходів і металів з отриманням цінних продуктів. Вісник НАН України. 2023. № 2. С. 85—90. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2023.02.085