bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHALLENGES OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN LIBERIA AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Sumaworo Mory 
Published: March 2023

Liberia is confronted with lots of challenges such as preparing a productive human capital to run its abundant natural resources that have been either mismanaged or left discarded without anticipated development dividends. Thus, this migration left an adverse effect on the tertiary education. However, despite the international and national efforts reform the system, the situation seems to still be facing multiple challenges. Besides, the weakness in the Liberian education system has led the former President Sirleaf herself to describe it as a mess. Moreover, poor implementation of educational policies, ill-financial supports for institutions of higher learning and poor educational infrastructures, etc., are some of major practices that constitute challenges to higher education in the country. Nonetheless, there have been some attempts and endeavors to reform and refine the system. These efforts had been done by the government itself and its local and international partners, such as USAID, the World Bank, the (IMF), the AFDB, A.S Charitable Society with its Heritage School Union System (a local Islamic leading educational and humanitarian NGO) Catholic Schools System, Methodist Schools, and others. The research is qualitatively conducted and observatory in nature. Hence, this article aims at looking into challenges that Liberia’s tertiary education is confronted with, and how could they be mitigated and properly addressed. The study conclude that a radical reform and implementation of the policies are the’ ways to meet the market-driven education system in Liberia.
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of sorghum flour with two amilaceouos enzymes
Authors: Gallardo Aguilar Irenia , Rodríguez Padrón Yedier , Pérez Milian Yisel , Sarría Quesada Fernando , Hernández Touset Juan P. 
Published: March 2023

In the production process of glucose syrup, the conversion of corn starches to sugars occurs through acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. Corn has been the traditional raw material in its preparation. The use of other cereals, such as sorghum, is reported for its similar properties to corn. The objective of the work is to study the kinetic behavior in the hydrolysis of sorghum flour, using two enzymes: Bialfa-T and Glucozyme 2X in the production of syrup. The sorghum used was UDG 110. Two experimental screening designs 22 to study the effect of enzymes on sorghum flour were performed. The variables studied were: substrate concentration and enzyme concentration and as response variables reducing sugars (RS) (g/L), conversion (%) and enzymatic activity (UI). The regression models for the three response variables were significant for the Bialfa-T enzyme, while for Glucozyme 2X, only the enzymatic activity model was significant, since this enzyme acts on already transformed starches and the variable with the highest influence turned out to be the substrate concentration, followed by the enzyme concentration.
Role of National Service Scheme (NSS) Programs in Developing Moral Values among College Students
Authors: Kumar Sonber Basant , Kumar Patel Suresh , Makhija Mona 
Published: March 2023

Values are an integral element of our existence. Values connect each individual to
the social, cultural, and philosophical climate of the society and represent the culture’s
dynamic nature. There are different kinds of values, including universal, social, cultural,
spiritual, and aesthetic values. The present study examines the role of the National
Service Scheme (NSS) programs in developing moral values among college students.
The sample selected for the present study consisted of 250 students from 11 colleges in
different blocks of Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India. The subjects’ moral values were
measured by the Moral Values Test constructed by Dubey(2009). Results indicated that
NSS students are better at moral values than non-NSS students.
AGENDA DO TRABALHO DOMÉSTICO: O CONTEXTO DA LUTA PELA PARIDADE DE DIREITOS
Authors: Da Silva Pedro Igor Nascimento 
Published: March 2023

O artigo apresenta um panorama de como se deu a luta das domésticas pela paridade de direitos trabalhistas e por condições dignas de trabalho. Neste sentido, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, apresenta-se o processo de construção da Convenção nº 189 da OIT, bem como as condições que levaram o Brasil a promover uma mínima equidade de direitos trabalhistas às domésticas mediante a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional nº 72/2013. Deste levantamento, extraiu-se que, em razão da secular invisibilidade deste trabalho, a luta das domésticas na formação da agenda, além de seus próprios esforços, necessitou da confluência de outros fatores favoráveis.
Design System of Integrated Management Platform for Smart Park and Project Case
Authors: Zhang Jianwen , Jingchao ZHANG  , Lu YANG  , Ang LI  , Yan ZONG  
Published: March 2023

With the continuous development of 5G, big data, the Internet of Things (IOT) and other technologies, the smart park will realize data sharing, information processing and transmission, and finally tend to be smart city. There are some problems such as unclear design dimensions, poor interactivity of subsystems and high expansion costs in the development of smart park. In the face of these problems, an application-oriented comprehensive management platform system of intelligent park is designed. It is built on a digital twin software-defined campus which is scalability and flexibility with wisdom in the cloud and application at the end as the core service concept. The overall system architecture and management platform module composition are introduced in which the software defined network (SDN) technology is used to separate the control plane and data plane and the four dimensions of people, things, affairs and space are digitalization in the smart Park. One application carries a variety of park services such as production, official business handling, property administration and so on to realize the effective application of the underlying network facilities. The project of high-tech information intelligent park of the Chinese Sixth Design and Research Institute of Machinery Industry Company Limited has been implemented. As an engineering case the platform system can provide personalized design for the park and carry out multi-professional and multi-terminal integrated management, application and display so as to improve the intelligent management level and the service experience to create greater economic and social value.
Species of Russula subgenera Archaeae, Compactae and Brevipedum (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Xie Xiu-Chao , Buyck Bart , Song Yu 
Published: March 2023

Three novel species collected from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (DHSBR) in southern China, Russula cylindrica Y.Song sp. nov. and R. lacteocarpa Y.Song sp. nov. in subgenus Archaeae and R. reticulofolia Y.Song sp. nov. in subg. Compactae, are described based on morphological and molecular data. In addition, Russula leucobrunnea Y.Song nom. nov. is proposed in replacement of R. leucocarpa nom. illeg. in subg. Brevipedum, as R. leucocarpa (T.Lebel) T.Lebel had been described earlier. Differences between the three novel species and their closely related taxa were analyzed. Another two known species in subg. Brevipedum, R. callainomarginis J.F.Liang & J.Song and R. japonica Hongo were also identified among specimens from DHSBR and are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and a five-locus phylogeny (concatenated LSU, mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1) support the recognition of these taxa.
The Advanced Dietetics Module Development in Improving the Nutrition Diploma III Students’ Learning Outcomes of Kendari Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health
Authors: Rosnah Rosnah , P Petrus  , Fonnie E. Hasan  , Teguh Faturrahman  , Rita Irma  , Evi Kusumawati  , I Made Rai Sudarsono  
Published: March 2023

A successful learning process at schools must be supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure, including up-to-date learning resources and teaching materials that can support the learning process. The appropriate method in development research is a mixed method, which ensures that all research procedures are collected. Data analysis at the stage of the advanced dietetics module development process used analytical techniques in the forms of reviewing suggestions and corrections to the module content, presentation, language, and graphics. These processes were further conducted through a qualitative descriptive analysis. Material validation questionnaire sheets, linguists, and media were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. In this case, calculation of the Likert Scale score was used to calculate this percentage. In addition, quantitative and descriptive analysis was carried out on student response questionnaires. The effectiveness of the advanced Dietetics module was evaluated quantitatively through quasi-experimental and non-equivalent control group research design. The expert team's assessment on the aspects of cover, content feasibility, presentation, module layout, graphics, and language aspects showed that all aspects were categorized as very feasible. Furthermore, in terms of appearance, presentation of material, and benefits, the results of the student's assessment on the module were categorized as very understandable. This study showed that the group of students who were given the dietetics module advanced had a higher average score. The researchers suggest that advanced dietetic modules need further development with regard to the media used to support teaching materials, for example interactive computer-based modules and multimedia products in digital formats (e-learning)
Pelayanan Prima Pembuatan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (KTP-EL) Di Kecamatan Ujung Berung Kota Bandung
Authors: Kushendar Deden Hadi , Nugraha R. Bucky Agung 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasikan pelayanan prima terkait faktor sikap, perhatian, tindakan, kemampuan, penampilan dan tanggung jawab. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan desain studi kasus pada pelayanan administrasi kependudukan dalam pembuatan Kartu Tanda Penduduk atau disingkat KTP-el, data dikumenggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi foto dan video. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran untuk memaksimalkan pelayanan terutama dari segi sikap harus profesional, meskipun ada beberapa masyarakat yang masih belum menerima dengan kenyataannya yang harus menunggu lebih lama penyelesaian KTP-el tersebut, harus bisa memberi pengertian dan memahami apa yang pelanggan butuhkan saat itu dan bisa memberikan penjelasan sebaik-baiknya dan pintar dalam menutupi rasa kekesalan kepada masyarakat, harus memberikan aksi nyata dan inovatif, menambah pegawai yang mempunyai kemampuan khusus atau pelayanan, harus selalu ingat dengan hal kecil seperti atribut yang dipakai, dan komitmen terhadap apa yang dijanjikan sebelumnya.
KIMYO DARSLARINING SIFAT VA SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISHDA DIDAKTIK O’YINLARDAN FOYDALANISHNING O’RNI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, N  Xasanova X 
Published: March 2023

Ushbu maqolada bo’shliqlarni bartaraf etish uchun qo’llash mumkin bo’lgan

didaktik materiallardan namunalar keltirilgan.
KOMMUNIKATIV KOMPETENTLIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISH ASOSIDA O‘QITUVCHILARNI PROFESSIONAL FAOLIYATGA TAYYORLASH TIZIMI
Authors:   Samarqand davlat universiteti, I  Yadgarova O 
Published: March 2023

Ushbu maqolada mutaxassislarni (o‘qituvchilarni) professional faoliyatga

tayyorlashda uning kommunikativ kompetentligini rivojlantirish masalalari bayon qilingan. Ko‘plab

tadqiqotchilarning professional-kommunikativ faoliyatga tayyorlash borasidagi fikr-mulohazalari tahlil

qilingan.
Soil water depletion patterns in rainfed apple orchards and wheat fields
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Yiquan , Sun Zenghui 
Published: March 2023

Agricultural production in the Weibei rainfed highland, Northwest China, is challenged by severe drought and water shortages. While the land use pattern has shifted gradually from crop production to orchard farming in Weibei, little is known about the influence of fruit industry development on regional water resources and the rationality of planting orchards. Here, we characterized soil water depletion patterns in rainfed orchards and farmlands to evaluate the occurrence of soil desiccation under land use conversion from farmlands to orchards in Weibei. Soil moisture dynamics were monitored in the 0–150 cm soil profiles of different aged Red Fuji apple orchards (young: 7 years, mature: 13 years, old: 22 years) and long-term cultivated winter wheat fields. We measured soil moisture content by oven-drying method in the middle of each month during the growing season of apple trees (March–September 2019). The over-depletion and depletion of soil water were analyzed to evaluate water stress and differential water depletion by distinct vegetation, respectively. The soil desiccation index was used to determine the occurrence of dry soil layers. Water stress was only observed at the 0–70-cm soil depths in the old orchards (mid-June) and farmlands (mid-May–mid-July). Water depletion took place at deeper depths for longer periods in the older orchards than in the younger orchards. Soil desiccation was absent in the young orchards, with mild desiccation at the 0–80-cm soil depths in the mature and old orchards in mid-June. The desiccation intensity was mild at the 0–60-cm soil depths in mid-April–mid-May, intense at the 0–150-cm soil depths in mid-June, and moderate at the 20–150-cm soil depths in mid-July. Results of this study demonstrate the mitigation of water stress and soil desiccation following conversion from wheat fields to apple orchards, which verifies the rationality of planting orchards in the rainfed highland area. Our findings provide strong support for developing a novel model of agro-industrial development, ecological construction, and sustainable economy in the vast arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China.
Agricultura familiar e a exploração do petróleo: o olhar do agricultor
Authors: De Oliveira Tiago Alencar , De Freitas Júlia Maria dos Santos , Siqueira Elisabete Stradiotto , Siqueira Filho Valdemar 
Published: March 2023

Objetivou-se analisar a percepção dos proprietários de terras que construíram relação com a Petrobras. O trabalho é realizado através de dois olhares: o agricultor que vivenciou o período “pré-Petrobras”; e o agricultor que se instala depois da mesma. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório e natureza qualitativa. Os participantes da pesquisa totalizam quatro produtores rurais localizados no município de Mossoró - RN, mais precisamente no assentamento Canto do Amaro - RN. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um roteiro semiestruturado de entrevista, tendo questões abertas e complementares. Após a transcrição de todas as falas gravadas no aparelho celular, o material foi organizado juntamente com as percepções de ambiente por parte dos pesquisadores. Logo após, foram definidas categorias de análise a serem desmembradas para posterior análise de dados. As categorias foram: Acompanhamento e Instalações da Petrobras; Mudanças sociais. Cada uma delas carregava subtópicos. A partir da análise, os pesquisadores perceberam alguns fatores gerais que determinavam, naturalmente, a visão dos agricultores para com a Organização. A quantidade de terra – que pode variar de agricultor para agricultor – atrelada à questão ambiental e, principalmente, o fator histórico. Esse último, por sua vez, é capaz de alterar totalmente a percepção e o olhar do agricultor.
Effect of Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Periods on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum l.) First Ratoon
Authors: Elbasheir Haitham A. M. , Yagoub Samia O. , Mukhtar Salaheldin A. , Farah Gafar Ali , Khalil Nahid 
Published: March 2023

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation at different growth periods on the yield and quality of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) first ratoon.
Study Design: The study was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted during two seasons, 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Guneid Sugarcane Research Center Farm, Sudan.
Methodology: Irrigation deficit treatments were applied when available soil moisture content (ASMC) reached 25% in the root zone at eight different growth periods viz; DT1: first day to day 50th, DT2: day (5th - 100th), DT3: day (10th -150th), DT4: day (15th - 200th), DT5: day (20th - 250th), DT6: day (25th - 300th), DT7: day (30th - 350th) and DT8: day 35th to day 400th after ratoon establishment. These were compared with optimum irrigation (DT0) which was irrigated at 60% ASMC at the root zone.
Results: The results showed that all deficit irrigation treatments (DT1 to DT8) recorded significant cane and sugar yield reduction to the control (DT0) in the two growing seasons. In this sense, DT3, DT4 and DT5 treatments have recorded the highest cane and sugar yield reduction. Moreover, irrigation deficit affected negatively the sugarcane ratoon yield parameters with low cane water productivity in DT4 and DT5 treatments. Therefore, sugarcane first ratoon must be avoided to deficit irrigation at age of 3.3 months to 10.0 months.
Conclusion: According to the results sugarcane first ratoon (Variety Co 6806) established in December under the Central Sudan Agro-climatic zone (Gunied conditions) must be avoided to deficit irrigation at ratoon age of 3.3th month to age 10.0th month (at ratoon age 100 days to 300 days), because of high reduction on cane yield and sugar yield and low in water productivity.
Nontrivial Topological Surface States in Ru3Sn7 toward Wide pH‐Range Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Zongpeng , Lin Zhiping , Wang Yinglan , Shen Shijie , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Jiacheng , Zhong Wenwu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNontrivial topological surface states (TSSs), which possess extraordinary carrier mobility and are protected by the bulk symmetry, have emerged as an innovative platform to search for efficient electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, a Sn‐based nontrivial metal Ru3Sn7 is prepared using electrical arc melting method. The results indicate that the (001) crystal family of Ru3Sn7 possesses nontrivial TSSs with linear dispersion relation and large nontrivial energy window. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that nontrivial TSSs of Ru3Sn7 can significantly boost charge transfer kinetics and optimize adsorption of hydrogen intermediates due to bulk symmetry‐protected band structures. As expected, nontrivial Ru3Sn7 exhibits superior HER activity to Ru, Pt/C, and trivial counterparts (e.g., Ru2Sn3, IrSn2, and Rh3Sn2) with higher ratios of noble metals. Furthermore, the wide pH‐range activity of topologically nontrivial Ru3Sn7 implies the robustness of its TSSs against pH variation during the HER. These findings provide a promising approach to the rational design of topologically nontrivial metals as highly efficient electrocatalysts.
High Responsivity of Narrowband Photomultiplication Organic Photodetector via Interfacial Modification
Authors: Jiao Jia , Zhang Ye , Shi Linlin , Li Guohui , Ji Ting , Wang Wenyan , Wen Rong , Hao Yuying , Wang Kaiying , Zhu Furong , Cui Yanxia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNarrowband‐response organic photodetectors with high responsivity are widely demanded in areas of substance detection, industry automation, smart wearable devices, etc. Photomultiplication‐type organic photodetectors (PM‐OPDs) with high responsivity usually have a broadband photoresponse due to the broadband absorption nature of the photoactive materials. In this work, effort is made to develop a high‐performance filterless narrowband PM‐OPD using the charge injection narrowing (CIN) effect. A 0.8 nm thick Al2O3 interlayer is used to mitigate the dark current density (JD) in the narrowband PM‐OPD, prepared using a 2.8 µm thick blend layer of P3HT:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C70‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM), achieving a peak responsivity of 1334 A W−1 at 650 nm, with a full‐width at half‐maximum of 40 nm. The narrowband PM‐OPD also possesses an impressive high specific detectivity of 9.73 × 1013 Jones. It is shown that the use of a 0.8 nm thick Al2O3 interlayer significantly suppresses the JD, creating a high energy barrier at the anode/photoactive interface and achieving a narrowband photoresponse behavior due to the CIN effect. The results of this work provide an exciting option for a variety of applications for OPDs with low cost, flexibility, and high sensitivity.
Effect of Organic Molecular Volume on Organic Photodiodes
Authors: Choi Taejin , Lim Juhyung , Minami Daiki , Heo Chul‐Joon , Shin Jisoo , Yun Sungyoung , Sung Young Mo , Fang Feifei , Hong Hyerim , Kim Hyeong‐Ju , Lim Younhee , Yi Jeoungin , Park Jeong‐Il , Ham Cheol , Shibuya Hiromasa , Seo Hwijoung , Sul Soohwan , Choi Byoungki , Park Kyung‐Bae 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of light‐absorbing organic molecules with calculated oscillator strength (f) is widely investigated to improve the performances of organic photoelectric devices such as organic photodiodes (OPDs). The oscillator strength estimates the probability of radiative electronic transition of a single molecule. However, most photoelectric devices are composed of organic thin films rather than a single organic molecule. Herein, the molecular volume is considered the critical parameter for the design of organic molecules. Three novel organic molecules, Et‐H, Me‐Me, and Me‐H, with similar oscillator strengths and different molecular volumes, are designed and synthesized as proof‐of‐concept. Their experimental absorption properties and organic photodiode performances are investigated. Me‐H, which has the smallest molecular volume and highest molecular packing density, shows the highest absorption coefficient in organic thin films and the best OPD performance with the highest external quantum efficiency.
Infectious disease in the Pleistocene: Old friends or old foes?
Authors: Houldcroft Charlotte J. , Underdown Simon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe impact of endemic and epidemic disease on humans has traditionally been seen as a comparatively recent historical phenomenon associated with the Neolithisation of human groups, an increase in population size led by sedentarism, and increasing contact with domesticated animals as well as species occupying opportunistic symbiotic and ectosymbiotic relationships with humans. The orthodox approach is that Neolithisation created the conditions for increasing population size able to support a reservoir of infectious disease sufficient to act as selective pressure. This orthodoxy is the result of an overly simplistic reliance on skeletal data assuming that no skeletal lesions equated to a healthy individual, underpinned by the assumption that hunter‐gatherer groups were inherently healthy while agricultural groups acted as infectious disease reservoirs. The work of van Blerkom, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., vol. suppl 37 (2003), Wolfe et al., Nature, vol. 447 (2007) and Houldcroft and Underdown, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., vol. 160, (2016) has changed this landscape by arguing that humans and pathogens have long been fellow travelers. The package of infectious diseases experienced by our ancient ancestors may not be as dissimilar to modern infectious diseases as was once believed. The importance of DNA, from ancient and modern sources, to the study of the antiquity of infectious disease, and its role as a selective pressure cannot be overstated. Here we consider evidence of ancient epidemic and endemic infectious diseases with inferences from modern and ancient human and hominin DNA, and from circulating and extinct pathogen genomes. We argue that the pandemics of the past are a vital tool to unlock the weapons needed to fight pandemics of the future.