bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Implementation of Family-Centered Care Within the Neonatal Care Unit
Authors: McDonald Rebecca , Moloney Willoughby 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Internationally, approximately 15 million babies are born prematurely every year. In New Zealand, 1 neonatal ward may care for 1000 infants annually. Family-centered care (FCC) is a philosophy used in neonates to enhance positive outcomes for infants, parents, and staff by recognizing the strengths and needs of infants and their families.

Objective:
This research assessed how a neonatal environment could be improved to ensure parents feel welcomed and empowered to participate in their infant's care.

Participants:
Survey data from 67 health professionals and 51 parents of infants who received neonatal care for more than 7 days. Four in-depth interviews with parents and 5 with health professionals.

Methods:
A mixed-methods research design was used. Phase 1 collected quantitative data using the Family-Centered Care Questionnaire. Phase 2 composed of face-to-face interviews with health professionals and parents.

Results:
Implementing FCC practices to improve health outcomes for infants, parents, and staff is important. Recommendations for improvement were formulated from the themes.

Conclusion:
The perspectives of parents and health professionals have enabled the development of recommendations to improve the implementation of FCC practice in the neonatal environment. These may lead to better parental experience and improved infant health outcomes.
The Pursuing Excellence Collaborative: Engaging First-Year Residents and Fellows in Patient Safety Event Investigations
Authors: Paull Douglas E. , Newton Robin C. , Tess Anjala V. , Bagian James P. , Kelz Rachel R. , Weiss Kevin B. 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
Resident and fellow engagement in patient safety event investigations (PSEIs) can benefit both the clinical learning environment’s ability to improve patient care and learners’ problem-solving skills. The goals of this collaborative were to increase resident and fellow participation in these investigations and improve PSEI quality.

Methods
This collaborative involved 18 sites—8 sites that had participated in a similar previous collaborative (cohort I) and 10 “new” sites (cohort II). The 18-month collaborative included face-to-face and virtual learning sessions, check-ins, and coaching calls. A validated assessment tool measured PSEI quality, and sites tracked the percentage of first-year residents and fellows included in a PSEI.

Results
Sixteen of the 18 sites completed the 18-month collaborative. Baseline was no first-year resident or fellow participation in a PSEI. Among these 16 clinical learning environments, 1237 early learners participated in a PSEI by the end of the collaborative. Six of these 16 sites (38%) reached the goal of 100% participation of first-year residents and fellows. As a percentage of total first-year residents and fellows, larger institutions had less resident and fellow participation. Six of the 9 cohort II sites submitted PSEIs for independent review at 6 months and again at the end of the collaborative. The PSEI quality scores increased from 5.9 ± 1.8 to 8.2 ± 0.8 (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions
It is possible to include all residents and fellows in PSEIs. Patient safety event investigation quality can improve through resident and fellow participation, use of standardized processes during training and investigations, and review of PSEI quality scores with a validated tool.
Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Breast MRI
Authors: Lo Gullo Roberto , Marcus Eric , Huayanay Jorge , Eskreis-Winkler Sarah , Thakur Sunitha , Teuwen Jonas , Pinker Katja 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Primary systemic therapy (PST) is the treatment of choice in patients with locally advanced breast cancer and is nowadays also often used in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Although imaging remains pivotal to assess response to PST accurately, the use of imaging to predict response to PST has the potential to not only better prognostication but also allow the de-escalation or omission of potentially toxic treatment with undesirable adverse effects, the accelerated implementation of new targeted therapies, and the mitigation of surgical delays in selected patients. In response to the limited ability of radiologists to predict response to PST via qualitative, subjective assessments of tumors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), artificial intelligence–enhanced MRI with classical machine learning, and in more recent times, deep learning, have been used with promising results to predict response, both before the start of PST and in the early stages of treatment. This review provides an overview of the current applications of artificial intelligence to MRI in assessing and predicting response to PST, and discusses the challenges and limitations of their clinical implementation.
Tips and Tricks to Avoid Complications With Scapula Tip-Free Flap
Authors: Imanol Zubiate Illarramendi , Paolo Cariati , Ángel Martínez-Sahuquillo , Fernando Monsalve , Jose Fernández Solís , Ildefonso Martínez Lara 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
Create a practical step-by-step guide to harvesting this flap, highlighting the critical points that can create problems during surgery and the postoperative period.

Methods:
The tips and tricks to harvesting the scapula tip-free flap are described in different points, describing the patient preparation and skin incision, identification of the anterior border of the latissimus dorsi, dissection of the pedicle, bone osteotomy, flap inset, and closure.

Results:
As the scapula tip-free flap provides skin, muscle, and bone tissue, it is a valid option for the reconstruction of the defects maxillary and mandibular region for facial reconstruction. The complications are minimal, with some cases of seroma and postoperative shoulder pain.

Conclusion:
Thanks to the surgical technique described, harvesting the scapula tip-free flap with the patient in the supine position makes it a valid option for working in 2 fields, shortening surgical time and being a very interesting option for maxillofacial reconstruction.
KNOCKDOWN OF CIRC_0001379 ATTENUATES HYPOXIA/REOXYGENATION-INDUCED CARDIOMYOCYTE APOPTOSIS AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE BY MIR-98-5P/SOX6 AXIS
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Huifeng , Zhang Qiang , Liu Feijun 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: Aberrant expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been revealed to have crucial roles in the pathological processes of cardiovascular disease. Here, this study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_0001379 in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury to explore the potential action of circ_0001379 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Levels of genes and proteins were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell counting kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect cardiomyocyte proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The activity of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was determined by ELISA analysis. The target relationship between miR-98-5p and circ_0001379 or SOX6 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 6) was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Results: Circ_0001379 was highly expressed in AMI mouse model and H/R-induced cardiomyocytes. Functionally, circ_0001379 silencing attenuated H/R-evoked cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response. Mechanistically, circ_0001379 functioned as a sponge for miR-98-5p, which directly targeted SOX6. Moreover, circ_0001379 could regulate SOX6 expression via sponging miR-98-5p. Further rescue experiments showed that inhibition of miR-98-5p reversed the protective effects of circ_0001379 silencing on H/R-induced cardiomyocytes. Besides that, miR-98-5p overexpression abolished H/R-evoked cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response, while this condition was abated by SOX6. Conclusion: Circ_0001379 silencing protects cardiomyocytes from H/R-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response by miR-98-5p/SOX6 axis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for AMI prevention.
Splenic invariant Natural Killer T-cells (iNKT-cells) play a significant role in the response to polymicrobial sepsis
Authors: Heffernan Daithi S. , Chung Chun-Shiang , Ayala Alfred 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is marked by a dysregulated immune response to an infection. Invariant Natural Killer T-cells (iNKT-cells) are a pluripotent lymphocyte subpopulation capable of affecting and coordinating the immune response to sepsis. The spleen is an important site of immune interactions in response to an infection. Splenic iNKT-cells have emerged as important potential front-line mediators of chronic immune response. There is little data addressing the role splenic of iNKT-cells in response to intra-abdominal polymicrobial sepsis.

Methods
The Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP) model was used to create intraabdominal sepsis in 8-12 week old WT, iNKT-/-, or PD-1-/- mice. 24 hours later spleens were harvested. Flow cytometry was used for phenotyping using monoclonal antibodies. Cell sort was used to isolate iNKT-cells. A macrophage cell line was used to assess iNKT-cell:phagocyte interactions. ELISA was used for cytokine analysis.

Results
Splenic iNKT-cell populations rapidly declined following induction of sepsis.
Within iNKT-cell-/- mice, a distinct baseline hyper-inflammatory environment was noted. Within WT, sepsis induced an increase in splenic IL-6 and IL-10, whereas in iNKT-/- mice, there was no change in elevated IL-6 levels and a noted decrease in IL-10 expression. Further, following sepsis, PD-1 expression was increased upon spleen iNKT-cells. With respect to PD-1 ligands upon phagocytes, PD-L1 expression was unaffected whereas PD-L2 expression was significantly affected by the presence of PD-1.

Conclusions
Invariant Natural Killer T-cells play a distinct role in the spleen response to sepsis, an effect mediated by the checkpoint protein PD-1. Given that modulators are available in clinical trials, this offers a potential therapeutic target in the setting of sepsis induced immune dysfunction.
Women’s Experiences of Urinary Tract Infections and Impact on Life: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Krishnaswamy Priyanka H. , Middleton Eilidh , Hagen Suzanne , Guerrero Karen Lesley , Booth Jo 
Published: July 2023

Importance
Despite high incidences of urinary tract infections (UTIs), little is known about how bothersome symptoms are and the effects on women's life and sexual activity, leaving a gap in our understanding of the physical and emotional effects of UTIs on women.

Objectives
This initial exploratory and descriptive study analyzes women's experiences of UTI and their perceived impact on quality of life.

Study Design
Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 23 women who had experienced at least 1 UTI, recruited from different settings—primary care, general gynecology clinics, urogynecology clinics, and online via social media. Data were analyzed thematically.

Results
Three themes described women's experiences of UTI: Women in all groups reported a wide range of physical symptoms and described the financial and psychological effects of UTIs. These effects seemed worse in women recruited via social media who also reported experiencing strong emotions and worries about close family members. Urinary tract infection support groups were considered useful, with women being grateful for consultations with alternative health practitioners and presuming safety of natural products.

Conclusions
Having a UTI appeared to affect women in a variety of ways, ranging from having different physical symptoms to being psychologically affected by these symptoms, which affected their quality of life in different ways. This research contributes to the growing evidence on how UTIs affect women, specifically further expanding on the impact on women in a range of settings—in the community and different health care settings.
MHC Tetramers Specifically Identify High- and Low-avidity Donor-specific B Cells in Transplantation Tolerance and Rejection
Authors: Durgam Samarth S. , Khiew Stella H.W. , Sayin Ismail , Jain Dharmendra , Yin Dengping , Cavazzoni Cecilia B. , Sage Peter T. , King R. Glenn , Chong Anita S. 
Published: July 2023

Background.
Although donor-specific antibody pre- and posttransplantation is routinely assessed, accurate quantification of memory alloreactive B cells that mediate recall antibody response remains challenging. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramers have been used to identify alloreactive B cells in mice and humans, but the specificity of this approach has not been rigorously assessed.

Methods.
B-cell receptors from MHC tetramer-binding single B cells were expressed as mouse recombinant immunoglobulin G1 (rIgG1) monoclonal antibodies, and the specificity was assessed with a multiplex bead assay. Relative binding avidity of rIgG1 was measured by modified dilution series technique and surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions of 50 individual B-cell receptors were sequenced to analyze the rate of somatic hypermutation.

Results.
The multiplex bead assay confirmed that expressed rIgG1 monoclonal antibodies were preferentially bound to bait MHC class II I-Ed over control I-Ad and I-Ab tetramers. Furthermore, the dissociation constant 50 binding avidities of the rIgG1 ranged from 10 mM to 7 nM. The majority of tetramer-binding B cells were low avidity, and ~12.8% to 15.2% from naive and tolerant mice and 30.9% from acute rejecting mice were higher avidity (dissociation constant 50 <1 mM).

Conclusions.
Collectively, these studies demonstrate that donor MHC tetramers, under stringent binding conditions with decoy self-MHC tetramers, can specifically identify a broad repertoire of donor-specific B cells under conditions of rejection and tolerance.
Correlation analysis of heart rate variations and glucose fluctuations during sleep
Authors: Kajisa Taira , Kuroi Toshiya , Hara Hiroyuki , Sakai Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe body’s glucose concentration is influenced by carbohydrate intake, insulin-induced carbohydrate reduction, and hepatic glycogen breakdown induced by stress hormones. This study investigated the potential of employing glucose fluctuations as a measure of stress by examining the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) data and glucose levels during sleep in healthy subjects.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a chest-worn electrocardiogram (ECG) and continuous glucose monitoring device (CGM) were respectively used to monitor the heart rate intervals and glucose fluctuations of five subjects (two males, three females) during sleep. A time-series correlation analysis was performed on the HRV data extracted from heart rate intervals and the corresponding glucose fluctuation data.ResultsThe time-series analysis of ECG and CGM data collected from subjects during sleep (n = 25 nights) revealed a moderate negative correlation between glucose levels and HRV, with a cross-correlation coefficient of r = –0.453.ConclusionSimilar to HRV, changes in stress levels can be detected by observing glucose fluctuations, particularly during sleep when the impact of food intake can be eliminated. Our findings highlight a significant correlation between glucose levels and HRV, indicating that glucose fluctuations can be used as an indicator of autonomic nervous system activity.
GENDERED GAPS TO TB PREVENTION AND CARE IN KENYA: A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS STUDY
Authors: Abdullahi Leila , Oketch Sandra , Komen Henry , Mbithi Irene , Millington Kerry , Mulupi Stephen , Chakaya Jeremiah , Zulu Eliya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern despite the massive global efforts towards ending TB. Kenya is among the high burdened countries globally with the TB prevention and care efforts hampered by poor health systems, resource limitations and other socio-political contexts that inform policy and implementation. Notably, TB cases are much higher in men than women, and therefore, the political economy analysis study provides in-depth contexts and understanding of the gender gaps to access and successful treatment for TB infection.MethodsThe Political Economy Analysis (PEA) adopted a qualitative in-depth approach that targeted 16 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). The Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were distributed among government entities, academia, non-state actors, and community TB groups.ResultsThe themes identified were mapped onto the applied PEA analysis framework domains. The contextual and institutional issues included gender concerns related to the disconnect between TB policies and gender inclusion aspects, such as low prioritization for TB programs, limited use of evidence to inform decisions and poor health system structures. The broad barriers influencing the social contexts for TB programs were social stigma and cultural norms such as traditional interventions that negatively impact health-seeking behaviors. The themes around the economic situation were poverty and unemployment, food insecurity, and malnutrition. The political context centered around the systemic and governance gaps in the health system from the national and devolved health functions.ConclusionOverall, broad contextual factors identified from the political economy analysis widens the disparity in targeted gender efforts toward men. Following the development of effective TB policies and strategies, it is important to have well-planned gendered responsive interventions with a clear implementation plan and monitoring system to enhance access to TB prevention and care.Strength and limitationsThe study provides insights into the political, economic, and social contexts influencing TB prevention and care efforts. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, this will be the first PEA to evaluate the TB program from a gendered perspective.As a limitation, the study is missing the voices and lived experiences of men leaving with TB as this was not part of the study scope. As such, we do not have their perspectives as they may better articulate some barriers faced with access and uptake of TB prevention and management programs.
Delay Discounting and Family History of Psychopathology in Children Ages 9-11: Results from the ABCD Study
Authors: Sloan Matthew E. , Sanches Marcos , Tanabe Jody , Gowin Joshua L. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTDelay discounting is a tendency to devalue delayed rewards compared to immediate rewards. Evidence suggests that steeper delay discounting is associated with psychiatric disorders across diagnostic categories, but it is unclear whether steeper delay discounting is a risk factor for these disorders. We examined whether children at higher risk for psychiatric disorders, based on family history, would demonstrate steeper delay discounting behavior. We examined the relationship between delay discounting behavior and family history of psychopathology using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a nationally representative sample of 11,878 children. Participants completed the delay discounting task between the ages of 9 and 11. We computed Spearman’s correlations between family pattern density of psychiatric disorders and delay discounting behavior. We conducted mixed effects models to examine associations between family pattern density of psychiatric disorders and delay discounting while accounting for sociodemographic factors. Correlations between family history of psychopathology and delay discounting behavior were small, ranging from ρ = –0.02 to 0.04. In mixed effects models, family history of psychopathology was not associated with steeper delay discounting behavior. Sociodemographic factors played a larger role in predicting delay discounting behavior than family history of psychopathology. Race, ethnicity, sex, parental education, and marital status were all significantly associated with delay discounting behavior. These results do not support the hypothesis that children with greater risk for psychopathology display steeper delay discounting behavior. Sociodemographic factors play a larger role in determining delay discounting behavior in this age group.
Socio-cultural practices, dietary and nutrition patterns, economic and vitamin-D deficiency status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB) of tribal and urban population of India: An Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC)
Authors: Barik Sushanta Kumar , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Singh Meenu , Giri Sidhartha , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study emphasizes on the implication and benefits of an Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) on the collective information of the socio-cultural status, diet and nutrition pattern, economic status, and treatment options through proper counselling of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB) during the acquiring of the tuberculosis (TB) in tribal and urban population. TB is one of leading cause of death in India. It is necessary to find out progression of PTB associated with socio-cultural practices, dietary and nutrition patterns, economic status, and Vitamin-D deficiency among TB patients of tribal and urban population for better management of tuberculosis patients.Therefore, EMIC developed will be applied for collection of details on diet and nutrition, types of occupation, social status, types of complementary consumable additives, economic status, types of community and languages, Vitamin-D status, treatment details, quality of life in newly diagnosed PTB patients in state level, district level hospitals and medical research institutions.
scPathoQuant: A tool for efficient alignment and quantification of pathogen sequence reads from 10x single cell sequencing data sets
Authors: Whitmore Leanne S. , Tisoncik-Go Jennifer , Gale Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrently there is a lack of efficient computational pipelines/tools for conducting simultaneous genome mapping of pathogen-derived and host reads from single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) output from pathogen-infected cells. Contemporary options include processes involving multiple steps and/or running multiple computational tools, increasing user operations time. To address the need for new tools to directly map and quantify pathogen and host sequence reads from within an infected cell from scRNAseq data sets in a single operation, we have built a python package, called scPathoQuant. scPathoQuant extracts sequences that were not aligned to the primary host genome, maps them to a pathogen genome of interest, here as demonstrated for viral pathogens, quantifies total reads mapping to the entire pathogen, quantifies reads mapping to individual pathogen genes, and finally reintegrates pathogen sequence counts into matrix files that are used by standard single cell pipelines for downstream analyses with only one command. We demonstrate that scPathoQuant provides a scRNAseq viral and host genome-wide sequence read abundance analysis that can differentiate and define multiple viruses in a single sample scRNAseq output.