bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Periodically Updated Adaptive Sampling Framework for Marine Mobile Observation Platforms
Authors: Zhao Yuxin , Zhao Hengde , Deng Xiong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While numerical models have been developed for several years, some of these have been applied to ocean-state sampling. Adaptive sampling deploys limited assets using prior information; then, observation assets are concentrated in areas of greater sampling value, which is very suitable for an extensive and dynamic marine environment. The improved resolution allows numerical models to be used on mobile platforms. However, the existing adaptive sampling framework for mobile platforms lacks regular interaction with the numerical model. And the observation scheme is easy to deviate from the optimal. This study sets up a closed-loop adaptive sampling framework for mobile platforms that realizes the optimization of model → sampling → model. Linking a coupled model with the sampling points of the mobile platforms, the adaptive method configures key sampling locations to determine when and where the sampling schemes are adjusted. With the aid of a coupled model, we selected an optimization algorithm for the framework and simulated the process under the twin experimental framework. This research provides theoretical technical support for the combination of model and mobile sampling platforms.

Significance Statement
The ocean is very difficult to observe because it is so vast. How to deploy observing assets is a question worth investigating. We designed an adaptive sampling framework for mobile observing platforms to improve the prediction accuracy of numerical models. This framework uses the prediction to design the observation scheme, then the observation to update the prediction, and then the updated prediction to adjust the sampling scheme, which achieves closed-loop optimization. We first selected an optimization algorithm for this framework by comparing experiments. Based on the optimization algorithm, we simulated the closed-loop optimization process. Simulation results show that this framework can significantly increase the efficiency of long-term ocean observations with mobile devices.
The Vagus Nerve Mediates Gut-Brain Response to Duodenal Nutrient Administration
Authors: Ross Robert C. , He Yanlin , Townsend R. Leigh , Schauer Philip R. , Berthoud Hans-Rudolph , Morrison Christopher D. , Albaugh Vance L. 
Published: March 2023

Background Obesity contributes significant disease burden worldwide, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. While bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable obesity treatment, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown. Although neuro-hormonal mechanisms have been suspected to mediate at least some of the gut-brain axis changes following bariatric surgery, studies examining the intestine and its regionally specific post-gastric alterations to these signals remain unclear. Materials and methods Vagus nerve recording was performed following the implantation of duodenal feeding tubes in mice. Testing conditions and measurements were made under anesthesia during baseline, nutrient or vehicle solution delivery, and post-delivery. Solutions tested included water, glucose, glucose with an inhibitor of glucose absorption (phlorizin), and a hydrolyzed protein solution. Results Vagus nerve signaling was detectable from the duodenum and exhibited stable baseline activity without responding to osmotic pressure gradients. Duodenal-delivered glucose and protein robustly increased vagus nerve signaling, but increased signaling was abolished during the co-administration of glucose and phlorizin. Discussion Gut-brain communication via the vagus nerve emanating from the duodenum is nutrient sensitive and easily measurable in mice. Examination of these signaling pathways may help elucidate how the nutrient signals from the intestine are altered when applied to obesity and bariatric surgery mouse models. Future studies will address quantifying the changes in neuroendocrine nutrient signals in health and obesity, with specific emphasis on identifying the changes associated with bariatric surgery and other gastrointestinal surgery.
An observational study of replicate faecal immunochemical tests in the urgently referred symptomatic cohort
Authors: Farkas Nicholas G , O’Brien James , Whyte Martin , Jourdan Iain , Rockall Tim , Benton Sally C 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Triage of patients with suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) utilises a single faecal immunochemical test (FIT) at a defined threshold. Limited evidence exists regarding whether replicate FIT improves the positive and negative predictive value in symptomatic patients. This study examines urgently referred symptomatic patients undergoing replicate FIT. Primary aim is to assess two FITs and CRC/serious bowel disease. Secondary aims are to determine correlation and utility of replicate FIT. Methodology Patients carried out one additional FIT during COVID-19 pandemic. FIT 1 and FIT 2 (the replicate sample) were analysed in relation to symptoms, diagnoses, investigations, future colonoscopy and missed CRC. Study period was 01/03/2020–31/07/2020. Three subgroups were compared; double positive (≥10 μg Hb/g faeces), double negative, and discordant FIT (one positive). Results 111 patients had replicate FIT (50 male, 61 female). 43 (38.7%) patients had double negative, 32 (28.8%) double positive and 36 (32.4%) had discordant FITs. Median time between FITs was 14 days (IQR = 11–19). 83% of double positive patients underwent colonoscopy/virtual colonoscopy (61% in double negative patients). Six CRC and one high-risk polyp were in double positive patients (none in other groups). One discordant patient was not investigated and a CRC missed. Conclusions Replicate FIT as a triage strategy appears most effective where both FITs are negative. CRC risk is low when FIT results are discordant. Double negative FITs are reassuring given benign associated diagnoses, or for patients where endoscopic investigation is high-risk. Larger studies are required to evaluate discordant FITs, enabling refinement of urgent investigation pathways.
Immobilization in External Rotation Versus Arthroscopic Stabilization After Primary Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Systematic Review of Level 1 and 2 Studies
Authors: Potyk Andrew G. , Belk John W. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Seidl Adam J. , Frank Rachel M. , McCarty Eric C. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Arthroscopic stabilization has been established as a superior treatment option for primary glenohumeral instability when compared with immobilization in internal rotation. However, immobilization in external rotation (ER) has recently gained interest as a viable nonoperative treatment option for patients with shoulder instability. Purpose: To compare the rates of recurrent instability and subsequent surgery in patients undergoing treatment for primary anterior shoulder dislocation with arthroscopic stabilization versus immobilization in ER. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify studies that’evaluated patients being treated for primary anterior glenohumeral dislocation with either arthroscopic stabilization or immobilization in ER. The search phrase used various combinations of the keywords/phrases “primary closed reduction,”“anterior shoulder dislocation,”“traumatic,”“primary,”“treatment,”“management,”“immobilization,”“external rotation,”“surgical,”“operative,”“nonoperative,” and “conservative.” Inclusion criteria included patients undergoing treatment for primary anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation with either immobilization in ER or arthroscopic stabilization. Rates of recurrent instability, subsequent stabilization surgery, return to sports, positive postintervention apprehension tests, and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated. Results: The 30 studies that met inclusion criteria included 760 patients undergoing arthroscopic stabilization (mean age, 23.1 years; mean follow-up time, 55.1 months) and 409 patients undergoing immobilization in ER (mean age, 29.8 years; mean follow-up time, 28.8 months). Overall, 8.8% of operative patients experienced recurrent instability at latest follow-up compared with 21.3% of patients who had undergone ER immobilization ( P < .0001). Similarly, 5.7% of operative patients had undergone a subsequent stabilization procedure at latest follow-up compared with 11.3% of patients who had undergone ER immobilization ( P = .0015). A higher rate of return to sports was found in the operative group ( P < .05), but no other differences were found between groups. Conclusion: Patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment for primary anterior glenohumeral dislocation with arthroscopic stabilization can be expected to experience significantly lower rates of recurrent instability and subsequent stabilization procedures compared with patients undergoing ER immobilization.
Preparation of phthalonitrile resins containing siloxane linkages with improved processability
Authors: Yin Weihao , Sang Xiaoming , Dong Jinghui , Chen Zhen , Chen Xinggang 
Published: March 2023

To improve the processability of biphenyl phthalonitrile resin, a flexible siloxane structure was introduced into the phthalonitrile monomer through molecular design, which was then blended with a biphenyl monomer to prepare phthalonitrile alloy resins. When the ratio of phthalonitrile monomer containing flexible siloxane to biphenyl phthalonitrile monomer was 1:1, the processing window widened from 58 to 110°C, as compared to that of biphenyl phthalonitrile. Due to the introduction of the biphenyl structure into the phthalonitrile alloy resins, the initial decomposition temperature of the silicon-containing phthalonitrile resin increased from 385 to 516°C. More importantly, the phthalonitrile alloy resin exhibited a high bending strength (66 MPa) and bending modulus (3762 MPa), indicating that it could be potentially applied as high temperature structural composite matrices. Furthermore, it provides a new strategy for processing phthalonitrile resins with a high melting point and narrow processing window.
The state-of-the-art of practice of traffic noise regulations in Ghana
Authors: Ibili Fidelma , Adams Charles A , Adebanji Atinuke O , Andam-Akorful Samuel A 
Published: March 2023

Noise pollution is one of Ghana’s environmental risks and it has become the norm in metropolitan areas to the point where residents in these locations experience noise nuisance and may be at risk of hearing loss. Most developed and developing countries have established traffic noise standards as a control mechanism to reduce traffic noise exposure emissions. This study aims to investigate current practices of traffic noise regulations and policy. Various agencies responsible for the control of noise pollution and the urban road sector were interviewed about traffic noise standards and practices, and it was observed that these agencies’ noise practices were based on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established guidelines, which did not include transportation noise regulation. Except for a Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA), regulation that allows a certain vehicle horning system for specific vehicle users, this study discovered that this policy is not fully implemented. A preliminary survey was conducted to collect traffic field data and inhabitants’ perceptions of traffic noise. Of the 30 respondents, 26 respondents (86.7%) affirmed that they experience traffic noise pollution at various locations, while 23 respondents (76.7%) reported various health effects due to exposure to traffic noise. This can be related to the observed noise levels which exceeded the dissatisfaction score of 5 (89 dB(A)), and also Leq value (109.1 dB(A)) was greater than the environmental permissible limit of the EPA standard of 70 dB(A). This indicates that roadside residents suffer from noise annoyance. It is recommended that transport, and environmental-related agencies work unanimously to ensure that effective control of traffic noise pollution is developed, enforced, and implemented.
Bringing personality disorder in from the cold: Why personality disorder is a fundamental concern for youth mental health
Authors: Chanen Andrew M 
Published: March 2023

Objective Personality disorder (PD) has its peak incidence between puberty and young adulthood. By any measure, it is among the most severe mental health problems occurring in young people, uniquely predicting debilitating current problems and acting as a ‘gateway’ to diverse and serious future problems. Yet, PD still struggles for legitimacy and parity of access to services, including early intervention. Conclusion Addressing PD is fundamental to youth mental health, and early intervention for PD has reached ‘proof of concept’. Yet, reform is hindered by bigotry and sectarianism. Successful early intervention calls for a shift in the culture of services, countering damaging myths, addressing bigotry, and fostering hope. Such reforms are well within the reach of youth mental health.
Urinary tract trauma in cats: stabilisation, diagnosis and management
Authors: Robakiewicz Paula , Halfacree Zoë 
Published: March 2023

Practical relevance: Traumatic injury of the urinary tract may be caused by external accidental trauma or due to iatrogenic injury (typically as a result of catheterisation procedures). Thorough patient assessment and careful attention to patient stabilisation are essential, with diagnosis and surgical repair delayed until the patient is stable, if necessary. Treatment depends on the location and severity of the trauma. If diagnosed and treated promptly, the chance of survival of a patient without other concurrent injuries is good. Clinical challenges: Following accidental trauma, at the initial presentation urinary tract injury can be overshadowed by other injuries, but if left undiagnosed or untreated it can lead to serious morbidity and potentially mortality. Many of the surgical techniques described for management of urinary tract trauma can be associated with complications, and so comprehensive communication with the owners is necessary. Patient group: The main population affected by urinary tract trauma is young, adult male cats, owing to their roaming behaviour, as well as their anatomy and the resulting increased risk of urethral obstruction and its associated management. Aims: This article aims to serve as a guide to all veterinarians who treat cats for the diagnosis and management of urinary tract trauma in cats. Evidence base: This review summarises the current knowledge available from a number of original articles and textbook chapters in the literature that cover all aspects of feline urinary tract trauma, and is supported by the authors’ own clinical experience.
Experimental and finite element analysis: Out-of-plane mechanical performance of infill walls with flexible connection
Authors: Zhou Xiao-jie , Zhao Wen-de , Chen Pei-qi , Jin-peng Du , Chang-yun Cheng , Kang Chen 
Published: March 2023

Flexible connection between the wall and the frame can improve the seismic performance of the structure, thus minimizing the pushing effect of the infill wall on the main frame. Masonry infill walls with flexible connection have lower out-of-plane stability than walls with rigid connection. However, local collapses are more likely to occur. A comparative study was conducted on the load-carrying capacity, initial stiffness, deformation and ductility of different wall structures based on a monotonous static load test, and the out-of-plane mechanical properties exhibited by flexible masonry infill walls were investigated. A simplified separated finite element model of masonry infill wall was built in accordance with the test results, and then the monotone out-of-plane static loading was performed. The structural configuration, the wall-frame connection method, and the spacing between structural columns were found to have significant effects on the out-of-plane mechanical behavior of the infill wall. The wall structural configuration was found to have the strongest effect, followed by the wall-frame connection method. Under the conditions of flexible connection, when the wall structure was in the “grid-beam” form, and the spacing between structuring columns was 2.5–3.0 m, the frame-infill wall was found with the best restraint effect, so the optimal out-of-plane comprehensive mechanical performance would be achieved.
The Perceived Support From Light and Color Before and After an Evidence-Based Design Intervention in an Emergency Department Environment: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Lindahl Jeanette , Thulesius Hans , Wijk Helle , Edvardsson David , Elmqvist Carina 
Published: March 2023

Aim: To evaluate patients’ and family members’ perceived support from light and color before, compared with after an evidence-based design (EBD) intervention at an emergency department (ED) using a validated instrument—the Light and Color Questionnaire (LCQ). Background: EDs offer acute care day and night. Thus, a supportive physical environment where light and color is crucial for how the milieu is experienced is vital. Research is limited on how care settings are perceived as supportive by users. Methods: Quasi-experimental evaluation of the refurbishing and remodeling of an ED by an expert group of nurse managers, nursing staff, nursing researchers and architects in south Sweden. LCQ includes dimensions “maximizing awareness and orientation,” “maximizing safety and security,” “supporting functional abilities,” “providing privacy,” “opportunities for personal control” (not for LCQ-Color), and “regulation and quality of stimulation.” LCQ was analyzed and compared in 400 surveys from 100 patients and 100 family members before the intervention and 100 patients and 100 family members after the intervention. Results: The LCQ total score significantly improved after the intervention for both patients and family members. Four of the six dimensions of LCQ Light subscale scores were significantly higher for family members, and three of the six dimensions were significantly higher for patients after the intervention. The LCQ Color subscale score showed significant improvements for all five dimensions for both patients and family members after the intervention. Conclusion: This study showed improved perceived support from light and color in the physical environment for patients and family members after an EBD intervention at an emergency department using a validated instrument—the Light and Color Questionnaire.
COVID-19 topics and emotional frames in vaccine hesitation: A social media text and sentiment analysis
Authors: Sussman Kristen L. , Bouchacourt Lindsay , Bright Laura F. , Wilcox Gary B. , Mackert Michael , Norwood Aliza Steinberg , Allport Altillo Brandon Shaun 
Published: March 2023

Objective Addressing gaps in COVID-19 vaccine-hesitancy research, the current study aimed to add depth and nuance to the exploratory research examining vaccine-hesitant groups. Using a larger, but more focused conversation occurring on social media, the results can be used by health communicators to frame emotionally resonant messaging to improve COVID-19 vaccine advocacy while also mitigating negative concerns for vaccine-hesitant individuals. Methods Social media mentions were collected using a social media listening software, Brandwatch, to examine topics and sentiments in COVID-19 hesitancy discourse during a period of September 1, 2020, through December 31, 2020. The results from this query included publicly available mentions on two popular social media sites, Twitter and Reddit. The dataset of 14,901 global, English language messages were analyzed using a computer-assisted process in SAS text-mining and Brandwatch software. The data revealed eight unique topics before being analyzed by sentiment. Results Among the COVID-19 hesitancy data, trust-related topics emerged that included declining vaccine acceptance, a parallel pandemic of distrust, and a call for politicians to let the scientific process work, among others. Positive sentiment revealed interest in the sources which included healthcare professionals, doctors, and government organizations. Pfizer was found to elicit both positive and negative emotions in the vaccine-hesitancy data. The negative sentiment tended to dominate the hesitancy conversation, accelerating once vaccines hit the market. Conclusions Relevant topics were identified to help support targeted communication, strategically accelerate vaccine acceptance, and mitigate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the public. Strategic methods of online and offline messaging tactics are suggested to reach diverse, malleable populations of interest. Topics of personal anecdotes of safety, effectiveness, and recommendations among families are identified as persuasive communication opportunities.
Congenital Mitral Regurgitation Repair Based on Carpentier's Classification: Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Miwa Koji , Iwai Shigemitsu , Kanaya Tomomitsu , Kawai Shota 
Published: March 2023

Background There are few reports of the outcomes of standardized surgical management addressing the etiologic and morphologic aspects of mitral valve malformation according to Carpentier's classification. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of mitral valve repair in children according to Carpentier's classification. Methods Patients who underwent mitral valve repair at our institution between 2000 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative data, surgical techniques, and outcomes were analyzed according to Carpentier's classification. The proportion of patients free of mitral valve replacement and reoperation was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Twenty-three patients (median operative age, four months) were followed up for 10 (range, 2-21) years. Preoperative mitral regurgitation was severe in 12 patients and moderate in 11 patients. Eight, five, seven, and three patients had Carpentier's type 1, 2, 3, and 4 lesions, respectively. Ventricular septal defect (N = 9) and double outlet of the great arteries from the right ventricle (N = 3) were the most commonly associated cardiac malformations. There were no cases of operative mortality or deaths during the follow-up. The overall five-year rate of freedom from mitral valve replacement was 91%, whereas the five-year rates of freedom from reoperation were 74%, 80%, 71%, and 67% in type 1, 2, 3, and 4 lesions, respectively. Postoperative mitral regurgitation at the last follow-up was moderate in three patients and less than mild in 20 patients. Conclusions Current surgical management of congenital mitral regurgitation is generally considered adequate; however, more complicated cases required a combination of various surgical techniques.