bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Interferon-Stimulated gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment, and Drug Candidates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhou Zhonghan , Du Weimin , Wang Zhongxia , Jiang Chunping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) play critical roles not only in antiviral defense and adaptive immunity but also in the progression of cancer and the immune response. However, there is limited research delineating the relationship between ISGs and HCC prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and response to immunotherapy.
Methods
The transcriptional and relevant clinical data of HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases, which were used for internal and external validation, respectively. First, ISGs that were differentially expressed in HCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues and were also associated with prognosis were screened. Second, the prognostic model based on ISGs was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. Next, we analyzed the relationship between the prognosis model and clinical outcomes, clinical and pathological features, immune microenvironment, and response to immunotherapy. Finally, the expression levels of three ISGs were validated by real-time PCR in normal and HCC cell lines.
Results
Three ISGs (BUB1, NDC80, and SOCS2) were selected to establish the prognostic model. The model has good predictive power for clinical outcomes, clinical and pathological features, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment, and response to immunotherapy. The ROC curve analysis confirmed the predictive efficacy of the model. Furthermore, the results of real-time PCR showed that BUB1 and NDC80 were highly expressed in tumor cell lines, and SOCS2 was highly expressed in normal liver cell lines.
Conclusion
The prognostic model based on three ISGs can accurately predict the clinical outcomes, clinical and pathological features, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment, and response to immunotherapy in HCC patients.
A Novel Method for Predicting Plant Leaf Disease Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: A Dinesh , P Balakannan S. , M Maragatharajan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Plants are valued for their practical purposes (food, medicine, etc.) and are thus considered indispensable. Diseases that attack the plant's leaves might strike at any time among plantings, wreaking havoc on the crop and its economic value. Consequently, the ability to recognize leaf diseases is extremely important in the agricultural sector. Nonetheless, it calls for a lot of work, additional time for planning, and an in-depth understanding of plant pathogens. Both “deep learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML)” algorithms for diagnosing leaf diseases have been created and evaluated by several researchers, with generally favorable results for both categories of techniques. However, they still have certain issues when it comes to covering large regions to detect leaf diseases. We offer a new method for disease prediction in leaves, which we name Multi-Gradient Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Adaptive Support Vector Machine (M-D-C-A-S). We were able to cover he largest area with the greatest accuracy, and our technique outperformed other more conventional approaches. To evaluate the efficacy of the prediction of leaf diseases, a variety of measures are used, like accuracy, precision, f1-score, and recall. Experiments that predicted plant leaf diseases demonstrated the viability and efficacy of our technique.
Implementation of a Graphene-Based RGW Coupler for THz Applications
Authors: Kiani Narges , Hamedani Farzad Tavakkol , Rezaei Pejman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ridge gap waveguide is one of the new technologies in the field of waveguides. Their advantages include being planar, low cost of construction, shielding by metal without the need for problems related to packaging, the formation of a narrow gap enclosed between two metal plates, realization of the texture on one of the metal plates and lower losses. These structures have no mechanical connection. While electric currents must flow in them. In this article, two graphene-based ridge gap waveguide coupler structures are presented. The designed structures are used in the THz band. By using graphene in the THz frequency band, frequency reconfigurable can be achieved. S-parameters curves, phase difference diagrams and e-field distributions are reported for two graphene-based ridge gap waveguide couplers.
Sand Fineness Modulus Prediction in Construction Sector Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: FAHAD AL , NAYEM NAYMUL HASAN , HOSSAIN MD. NASHIB , RABBANI MD. LITON , OPU RAIHAN KHAN , SHUAEB S M ABDULLAH AL 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The construction industry relies heavily on the sand. In construction, the fineness modulus of sand is an important parameter. It impacts the relative proportions in the mix, the workability, the economy, the porosity, and the strength of the concrete. This standard specifies that sand's fineness modulus should not be less than 2.3 and not more than 3.1. Sand's fineness modulus refers to the mean size of its particles.
Methods/Analysis/Findings:
There is a remarkable success in predicting various fruits images, grains, vegetables, and soils using convolutional neural networks. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are introduced here as a deep learning-based approach to sand fineness modulus value prediction. The CNN algorithm extracts automatic features, so this research was conducted on the latest CNN architecture, ResNet-50. Currently, the sand (FM) is calculated based on laboratory sieve analysis, which is an accurate but time-consuming process. For that, the instance method is necessary to determine the sand's fineness modulus. We have proposed a novel image-based model to predict sand FM values. However, sand the fineness modulus (FM) can be quickly determined using images, but with low accuracy.
Applications/Improvements:
In experiments using our proposed method, we achieved 94.6% accuracy. There is also evidence that the proposed image-based system performs better on each of the five standard assessment metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and the F-score, when predicting Fineness Modulus (FM) values.
Identifying Missing Data Handling Methods with Text Mining
Authors: Boros Krisztián , Kmetty Zoltán 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Missing data is an inevitable aspect of every empirical research. Researchers developed several techniques to handle missing data to avoid information loss and biases. Over the past 50 years, these methods have become more and more efficient and also more complex. Building on previous review studies, this paper aims to analyze what kind of missing data handling methods are used among various scientific disciplines. For the analysis, we used nearly 50.000 scientific articles that were published between 1999 and 2016. JSTOR provided the data in text format. Furthermore, we utilized a text-mining approach to extract the necessary information from our corpus. Our results show that the usage of advanced missing data handling methods such as Multiple Imputation or Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation is steadily growing in the examination period. Additionally, simpler methods, like listwise and pairwise deletion, are still in widespread use.
Void Growth and Coalescence in Sigmoidal Hardening Porous Plastic Solids under Tensile and Shear Loading
Authors: Datta Showren , Joshi Shailendra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work examines the void growth and coalescence in isotropic porous elastoplastic solids with sigmoidal material hardening via finite element three-dimensional unit cell calculations. The investigations are carried out for various combinations of stress triaxiality ratio T and Lode parameter L and considers a wide range of sigmoidal hardening behaviors with effective hardening rates spanning two decades. The effect of L is considered in the presence and in the absence of imposed shear stress. Our findings reveal that depending on the rate of sigmoidal hardening the cell stress-strain responses may exhibit two distinct transitions with respect to stress triaxiality T. Further, the sigmoidal hardening rate also influences porosity evolution which may show stagnation before a runaway growth up to final failure. For a given T-L combination, an imposed shear stress exacerbates the onset of coalescence relative to its counterpart with no imposed shear stress. We find that the residual cell ductility beyond the onset of coalescence is strongly influenced by the effective material hardening rate at high triaxiality levels.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) MSC code1 · MSC code2 · more
Comparison of risk factors and complications in patients with myocardial infarction of two types, STEMI and NSTEMI, between the age groups greater than 40 years and less than 40 years.
Authors: Khurjia Mohammad Al l , Al-Kosere Mahmoud , Fawares Maamoun AL- , Nabulsi Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background: AMI, commonly referred to in general terms as a heart attack, is often caused by reduced or interrupted blood flow to a part of the heart, leading to myocardial necrosis. This is generally the result of a blood clot in the coronary artery that supplies that area of the heart muscle.
Methods: An observational study of the type of cross-sectional study. This study targeted the patients of Damascus Hospital. Where the sample was randomly selected, about (200) patients were selected who met specific acceptance criteria, the most important of which is the presence of adequate information in the file, while all patients were excluded according to specific exclusion criteria.
- Admission Criteria: Patients admitted to the ambulance or internal department at Al-Mujtahid Hospital, who were treated within the hospital and were not referred to other hospitals.
- Exclusion criteria: Patients whose information important for conducting the research was not explicitly documented in the files or who had a lack of basic study information.
- Place of study: Damascus Hospital (Al-Mujtahid).
- Study time: between 1/12/2023 and 4/15/2023.
Results: The most important factors and determinants associated with a higher risk of developing myocardial infarction in a certain age group (under 40 years) than the corresponding ones (over 40 years) according to the conducted statistical analysis:
- Under 40 years of age: alcoholism and a family history of death from heart disease.
- Over 40 years: BMI, low physical and physical activity, unhealthy diet, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure.
conclusion: Through our study that compared the risk factors for myocardial infarction, we recommend avoiding all risk factors for myocardial infarction, especially before the age of 40 years, as these factors accelerate the risk of myocardial infarction and the risk of life-threatening complications or even death. Therefore, we recommend the following:
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption at a young age because of its current and cumulative effect on the risk of myocardial infarction.
- We recommend that all patients under the age of 40 and those with a family history of myocardial infarction visit a cardiologist regularly for examinations and reassurance.
- Maintain low-effort exercise on a daily basis, such as walking. And moderate-intensity sports twice a week for all age groups, especially for those under 40 years old.
Many of the risk factors for myocardial infarction do not often exist suddenly or without warning, but rather they are cumulative with age, so paying attention to heart and physical health before the age of 40 has the greatest impact in preventing or avoiding the risks of infection in the future.
The role of GABA in semantic memory and its neuroplasticity
Authors: Williams Stephen , Ralph Matthew Lambon , Jung JeYoung 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

A fundamental aspect of neuroscience is understanding neural functioning and plasticity of the brain. The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is a hub for semantic memory, which generates coherent semantic representations about the world. GABAergic inhibition plays a crucial role in shaping human cognition and plasticity, but it is unclear how this inhibition relates to human semantic memory. Here, we employed a combination of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), MR spectroscopy and fMRI to investigate the role of GABA in semantic memory and its neuroplasticity. Our results demonstrated that the inhibitory cTBS increased regional GABA levels in the ATL and decreased ATL blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity during semantic processing. Importantly, changes in GABA levels were strongly associated with changes in regional activity induced by cTBS. These results suggest that GABAergic activity may be the mechanism by which cTBS induces after effects on cortical excitability. Furthermore, individuals with better semantic performance exhibited selective activity in the ATL, attributable to higher concentrations of inhibitory GABA, which can sharpen distributed semantic representations, leading to more precise semantic processing. Our results revealed a non-linear, inverted-U-shape relationship between GABA levels in the ATL and semantic performance, thus offering an explanation for the individual differences in the cTBS effect on task performance. These results provide neurochemical and anatomical specificity in shaping task-related cortical activity and behaviour. Understanding the link between neurochemistry and semantic memory has important implications for understanding individual differences in semantic behaviour and developing therapeutic interventions for patients with semantic impairments.
The VR digital media visual design system based on the ecological environment characteristics of Yanyu in the south of the Yangtze River
Authors: Pan Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The virtual reality technology can simulate more pictures and bring people a certain visual enjoyment. In this regard, in the visual design of digital media technology, the application of virtual reality technology can change the traditional way of visual design, guide the extraction of ecological environment characteristics, and improve its own film and television production, enrich the content of the picture, and use diversification. Only by improving the experience visually and audibly can the design of digital media be further improved. In this paper, the use value and use method of computer virtualization technology are mainly analyzed, as well as the effect of its development and practical application, and the interpretation of the current development status. The rapid development of social and economic level has provided new demands and strong development impetus for the progress of science and technology. In this social background, information technology emerged as the times require. The application of information technology has changed the way of life and operation of an era. Bringing many changes to people's lives, at the same time, the development of information technology has also spawned other new science and technology, virtual reality technology (VR) and augmented reality technology (AR) are some of them. VR technology and AR technology are emerging technologies that can connect reality and virtual information world. Their application brings people a richer information experience, greatly improves people's sensory experience, and has very high practical application significance. This paper combines machine learning method and VR digital media technology to study the visual design system under the characteristics of Jiangnan Yanyu Shengtian environment, and illustrates the superiority of this method through examples.
Effect of three collagen crosslinkers on the shear bond strength of self – etch adhesive system to dentin at varying time intervals.
Authors: Chundi Bharathi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
When resin composite is bonded to dentin, the bond strength reduces with increase in depth of dentin. This is due to the increase in number of dentinal tubules, their diameter and less amount of intertubular dentin compared to “superficial dentin.21”
Objective:
This study proposes to improve bond strength of dentin to composite by biomodifying the dentin substrate prior to application of composite with three different crosslinking agents i;e Glutaraldehyde, Genipin and Riboflavin at varying time intervals.
Method:
42 extracted maxillary incisor teeth were selected. Teeth were sectioned to mesial and distal halves. (n=84). Specimens were divided into 4 groups. Group I was used as control group and Glutaraldehyde, Genipin and Riboflavin crosslinking agents were applied to other groups (II, III, IV) respectively before applying composite resin. These groups were further subdivided into A and B groups based on time of applying crosslinking agent. Shear bond strength was calculated for all specimens using universal testing machine. Results were analysed using Student t test for intra-group and inter-group comparison.
Results:
Greater bond strengths were recorded in all the groups compared to the control group. Application of Glutaraldehyde and Genipin as crosslinking agents reported higher shear bond strength compared to application of Riboflavin. The mean shear bond strength values further increased with increased application time of crosslinking agent.
Conclusion:
Dentin surface pre-treatment with crosslinking agents at varying time intervals
substantially improved the bond strength.
Post Treatment Complications after Removal of impacted third molar: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rela Rathi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Removal of third molar is that the most typical intervention performed procedure related to an honest array of complications. the foremost commonly encountered complications are pain, paraesthesia, trismus, swelling and mandibular fractures.
Aim: The objective of this study was to study the complication associated with extraction of impacted third molar with age.
Materials and Method: All the surgical removal of third molars which were performed within a private clinic during 1-year period from October 2019 – October 2020 were retrospectively analysed and included within the study. Presence of post-operative complications like pain (more than 3 days), paraesthesia, mandibular fracture, Alveolar osteitis (dry socket), bleeding, trismus or edema in conjunction with demographic features and thus the type of impaction was noted. Data was arranged during a tabulated form and analyzed using Epi Info software. Result: There are 59 males and 56 females who underwent transalveolar extraction of third molar. The mean age of females was 47.21 12.2 years and males were 48.32 11.5 years. It had been found that pain was the foremost commonly encountered complication, seen in 57.4% of the patients. Pain was followed by swelling which was seen in 42.2% of the themes. Trismus ranked third, seen in 23.2% of subjects. It was found that pain was most frequently seen among the age group of 20(21.6%) and least frequently seen amongst 20-40 years aged (15.2%).
Conclusion: Pain was the foremost common complication followed by swelling and Trismus. Keywords: pain, paraesthesia, third, molar, complication.
Occurrence of bisphenol A, nonylphenol, octylphenol and heavy metals in groundwater from selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Adebesin Taiwo Nureni , Lateef Suraju Adekunle , Oloruntoba Elizabeth Omoladun , Adejumo Mumuni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and heavy metals in drinking water supply represent a significant threat to human health. In Nigeria, little is known about the presence of EDs in various environmental media. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of BPA, NP and OP in groundwater samples from selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from 30 different sites (26 hand-dug wells, 2 boreholes and 2 spring water sources), 15 from each of Ibadan North-West (IbNW) and Ido Local Government Area (LGA). Samples were collected in triplicate from all the sampling points and analysed for BPA, NP, OP and physicochemical parameters (including heavy metals) using a standard procedure. Bisphenol A and octylphenol were not detected in any samples, while NP was detected in spring water and the concentration (0.00279 mg/L) was less than the maximum allowable limit (0.015 mg/L). All (100.0%) boreholes in IbNW and 100.0% of the springs in Ido LGA showed iron concentrations that exceeded the permissible limit. There is a need for public awareness on the health risk of EDs in drinking water supply and appropriate preventive measures to be adopted.
Treatment of coking wastewater using a needle coke electro-Fenton cathode: optimizing of COD, NH4+-N, and TOC removal and characterization of pollutants
Authors: Chi Chen , Zhou Xinyu , Wang Yanqiu , Gao Xinyu , Bai Jinfeng , Guo Yuting , Ni Jianwen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Coking wastewater is a typical organic refractory wastewater characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, and total organic carbon (TOC). Herein, coking wastewater was treated using a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) system comprising a novel iron-loaded needle coke composite cathode (Fe-NCCC) and a dimensionally stable anode. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The predicted and actual COD removal rates were 92.13 and 89.96% under optimum conditions of an applied voltage of 4.92 V, an electrode spacing of 2.29 cm, and an initial pH of 3.01. The optimized removal rate of NH4+-N and TOC was 84.12 and 73.44%, respectively. The color of coking wastewater decreased from 250-fold to colorless, and the BOD5/COD increased from 0.126 to 0.34. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that macromolecular heterocyclic organic compounds decomposed into straight-chain small molecules and even completely mineralized. The energy consumption of the EF process was 23.5 RMB Yuan per cubic meter of coking wastewater. The EF system comprising the Fe-NCCC can effectively remove pollutants from coking wastewater, has low electricity consumption, and can simultaneously reduce various pollution indicators with potential applications in the treatment of high-concentration and difficult-to-degrade organic wastewater.