bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting of scar outcomes in the hand and wrist; a state-of-the-art literature review
Authors: Kennedy Donna L. , Chism-Balangue Tracy , Furniss Dominic 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this literature review was to synthesise and report current practice in evaluation and reporting of scar outcomes in hand and wrist clinical research.MethodsA systematic search from inception to 2022 was conducted using three electronic databases. English language randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies reporting standardised scar outcome measures and/or scar symptoms, appearance, impairment, function, or mental health outcomes in patients with hand and wrist scars were included. Two independent reviewers determined study eligibility and performed data extraction of a priori identified scar outcome domains. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and identification of discordance in taxonomy.ResultsFifty-nine studies were included. Elective surgery cohorts were the most frequently included clinical population (n = 28; 47%) followed by burns (n = 16; 27%). Six different standardised scar outcome measures were reported by 25% of studies however only 7% of studies utilised a patient-reported measure. Scar symptoms were the most frequently reported outcome domain (81%); but taxonomy was incongruous, constructs lacked working definitions required for generalisability and outcome measurement was variable and unreported. Nineteen different measures of scar appearance and structure were reported by 30 (51%) of studies however only nine (23%) were patient-reported. Seven different hand function PROMs were reported by 25 (43%) studies. Person-centred domains including scar acceptability (12%), mental health impact (5%), and social participation (4%) were rarely reported.ConclusionsThis review highlights that evaluation and reporting of hand and wrist scar outcomes is not standardised, assessment methods and measures are under-reported and there is discordance in taxonomy. Evaluation is not person-centred, rather it is dependent on clinician assessment. Domains including scar acceptability, mental health, and social participation are rarely addressed. A stakeholder consensus derived hand and wrist scar core outcome measurement set will promote standardisation and underpin improvements in clinical research quality, transparency, and rigour.
Outcomes of fixation of Vancouver B periprosthetic fractures around cemented versus uncemented stems
Authors: Barghi Ameen , Hanna Philip , Merchan Nelson , Weaver Michael J. , Wixted John , Appleton Paul , Rodriguez Edward 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The incidence of periprosthetic femur fracture (PPFF) in the setting of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is steadily increasing. We seek to address whether there is a difference in outcomes between Vancouver B fracture types managed with ORIF when the original stem was a press-fit stem versus a cemented stem.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study at a level 1 trauma center, we identified 136 patients over 65 years-of-age with Vancouver B-type fractures sustained between 2005 and 2019. Patients were treated by ORIF and had either cemented or press-fit stems prior to their injury. Outcomes were subsidence of the femoral implant, time to full weight bearing, rate of the hip implant revision, estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative complications, and the one-year mortality rate.

Results
A total of 103 (75.7%) press-fit and 33 (24.3%) cemented patients were reviewed. Patient baseline characteristics, Vancouver fracture sub-types, and implant characteristics were not found to be significantly different between groups. The difference in subsidence rates, postoperative complications, and time to weight bearing were not significantly different between groups. EBL and one-year mortality rate were significantly higher in the cemented group.

Conclusions
In geriatric patients with Vancouver B type periprosthetic fractures managed with ORIF, patients with an originally press fit stem may have lower mortality, lower estimated blood loss, and similar subsidence and hospital length of stays when compared to those with a cemented stem.
Progressive osseous heteroplasia in a 5-year-old boy with a novel mutation in exon 2 of GNAS: a case presentation and literature review
Authors: Ma Jing , Mo Wenxiu , Sun Jiapeng , Li Yan , Han Tongxin , Mao Huawei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is a rare genetic condition that causes progressive ossification. This usually results from an inactivating mutation of the paternal GNAS gene. Herein, we report a case of POH caused by a novel mutation in exon 2 of the GNAS gene.

Case presentation
A 5-year-old Chinese boy was referred to our hospital for a growing mass in his right foot. Although laboratory findings were normal, radiographic imaging revealed severe ossification in his right foot and smaller areas of intramuscular ossification in his arms and legs. A de novo mutation (c.175C > T, p.Q59X) in exon 2 of the GNAS gene was identified, prompting a diagnosis of POH. We conducted a systematic literature review to better understand this rare disease.

Conclusion
We have discovered that a de novo nonsense mutation in exon 2 of GNAS can lead to POH. Our literature review revealed that ankylosis of the extremities is the primary clinical outcome in patients with POH. Unlike other conditions such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), patients with POH do not experience respiratory failure. However, much remains to be learned about the relationship between the type of GNAS gene mutation and the resulting POH symptoms. Further research is needed to understand this complex and rare disease. This case adds to our current understanding of POH and will contribute to future studies and treatments.
Association between obesity and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: results from a case control study in south western Uganda
Authors: Ssedyabane Frank , Ngonzi Joseph , Kajabwangu Rogers , Najjuma Josephine Nambi , Tusubira Deusdedit , Randall Thomas C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Though obesity has been said to be associated with a number of malignancies including cervical cancer, its association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is still a contentious issue. This study was designed to determining the prevalence and association between obesity and CIN.

Methods
This was an unmatched case control study, involving women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cases) and those negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (controls) at the cervical cancer clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, in south-western Uganda, between April and November 2022. Cases and controls provided written informed consent and were recruited in a ratio of 1:1. Cases were identified by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and subsequent confirmation with cytology and/or histology. Demographic information was collected using an enrolment form and height, weight and waist circumference were recorded. We calculated body mass index (BMI) and identified obese women as those with body mass index of ≥ 30 kg/m2 from both case and control groups. Central obesity was defined as waist: height ration of ≥ 0.5. Data was analysed using STATA version 17. Categorical variables were analysed using proportions, chi-square and logistic regression analysis to determine association between obesity and CIN. Our level of statistical significance was set at ≤ 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of general and central obesity among cases was 25.5% (24/94) and 0% (0/94) respectively while the prevalence of general and central obesity among controls was 33.3% (37/111) and 0% (0/111) respectively. There was an increased prevalence of general obesity among women with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). However, there was no statistically significant association between general obesity and CIN. Factors associated with general obesity included residing in Mbarara city (AOR 2.156, 95%CI 1.085–4.282, P-value 0.028), age group of 31–45 years (AOR 2.421, 95%CI 1.577–9.705, P-value 0.003) and ≥ 46 years (AOR 1.971, 95%CI 1.022–11.157, P-value 0.046).

Conclusion
We observed an increased prevalence of general obesity among women with LSIL. However, there was no association between obesity and CIN. Factors associated with general obesity included residing in Mbarara city, and being in the age groups of 31–40 and ≥ 46 years. This highlights the need to rethink management of CIN to control other non-communicable diseases that could arise due to general obesity.
Are students performing the same in E-learning and In-person education? An introspective look at learning environments from an Iranian medical school standpoint
Authors: Mastour Haniye , Emadzadeh Ali , Hamidi Haji Abadi Omid , Niroumand Shabnam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated medical students’ intended learning outcomes based on e-learning and in-person education.

Methods
In this cross-sectional comparative analytical study, a group of 126 undergraduate medical students’ intended learning outcomes under two different teaching methods, including e-learning and in-person, were repeatedly measured based on the census sampling method. Participants were in the preclinical curriculum phase (physiopathology) at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Iran. Due to expert panel opinion, the same medical teachers and similar difficulty of lessons were considered in two investigated academic semesters. In addition, difficulty and discrimination indexes of formative and summative assessments were controlled for two study groups. The students’ learning outcome index was the knowledge test scores participants received in the relevant lessons of the General Medicine (GM) curriculum preclinical courses.

Results
The findings indicated that students learning outcomes were significantly higher during e-learning than in in-person education for all examined variables (P < 0.05). Moreover, the difference between students’ Grade Point Average (GPA) categories among the two groups was significant (P = 0.022). Students with a GPA of less than 14 experienced higher increments in their average scores after the e-learning compared to in-person education. Compared to face-to-face courses, improvements in pharmacology, theoretical semiology, and pathology scores after e-learning courses were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The differences in mean scores related to practical pathology and semiology in the two approaches were not statistically significant, P = 0.624 and P = 0.149, respectively. Furthermore, the overall students’ average scores increased significantly during e-learning versus in-person education (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
We concluded that e-learning could be appreciated as a successful method of medical education and can be used as an alternative educational method. However, considering the importance of practical or clinical courses in medical education, further research about the efficacy of the e-learning approach is highly recommended.
Measurement of person-centred consultation skills among healthcare practitioners: a systematic review of reviews of validation studies
Authors: van Dongen Anne , Stewart Duncan , Garry Jack , McCambridge Jim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerson-centred care is integral to high-quality health service provision, though concepts vary and the literature is complex. Validated instruments that measure person-centred practitioner skills, and behaviours within consultations, are needed for many reasons, including in training programmes. We aimed to provide a high-level synthesis of what was expected to be a large and diverse literature through a systematic review of existing reviews of validation studies a of instruments that measure person-centred practitioner skills and behaviours in consultations. The objectives were to undertake a critical appraisal of these reviews, and to summarise the available validated instruments and the evidence underpinning them.MethodsA systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL was conducted in September 2020. Systematic reviews of validation studies of instruments measuring individual practitioner person-centred consultation skills or behaviours which report measurement properties were included. Review quality was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Details of the reviews, the included validation studies, and the instruments themselves are tabulated, including psychometric data, and a narrative overview of the reviews is provided.ResultsFour reviews were eligible for inclusion. These used different conceptualisations of person-centredness and targeted distinct, sometimes mutually exclusive, practitioners and settings. The four reviews included 68 unique validation studies examining 42 instruments, but with very few overlaps. The critical appraisal shows there is a need for improvements in the design of reviews in this area. The instruments included within these reviews have not been subject to extensive validation study.DiscussionThere are many instruments available which measure person-centred skills in healthcare practitioners and this study offers a guide to what is available to researchers and research users. The most relevant and promising instruments that have already been developed, or items within them, should be further studied rigorously. Validation study of existing material is needed, not the development of new measures.
How to choose a preceptor: aspects to consider based on a grounded theory study
Authors: Amaral Guida , Figueiredo Amélia Simões 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Nurses in clinical practice settings share responsibility with academy teachers in the education of nursing students in clinical teaching. This dynamic is essential for the students’ learning and their skill development. During preceptorship, the nurse has to mobilize the available resources to act competently and effectively. The purpose of this article is to identify the aspects that should be considered when selecting a nurse preceptor.

Methods
A qualitative study was carried out based on Grounded Theory using Strauss and Corbin’s version. The study took place in a medicine ward and a surgery ward of a hospital in the Lisbon metropolitan area. The authors conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews with nurses who were at different stages of Benner’s Professional Development Model and with different outlooks on nursing preceptorship. The initial script was reorganized after the pilot test. It was also adjusted after the first exploratory interviews and after the in-depth interviews in order to reflect the interviewees’ work experience and outlooks on preceptorship. The interviews had an average duration of 45 min and were audio recorded. Theoretical sampling was conducted considering the needs identified in data coding until we reached theoretical saturation. Data analysis began after the first interview, first by open coding, followed by axial and selective coding, always in a logic of constant comparison with theory. Ethical principles, scientific integrity and methodological rigour were ensured throughout the study.

Results
Two categories emerged that were supported by all nurses: skills and individual characteristics. The former includes communication skills, relational skills, reflective skills, technical-scientific skills, and emotional skills, while the latter includes perceptiveness, responsibility, motivation, and professional initiative.

Conclusion
Nurses value both the individual characteristics they possess and the skills they have developed throughout their career. The recognition of the aspects found in this study for the selection of nurse preceptors allows for an informed and reasoned decision making, with a view to the success of the preceptorship and to the improvement of the quality of nursing education.
Association of pain management and positive expectations with psychological distress and spiritual well‑being among terminally ill cancer patients admitted to a palliative care unit
Authors: Yang Yilong , Cui Meng , Zhao Xinxin , Wang Simeng , Wang Yumei , Wang Xiaohe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Although palliation of psycho-spiritual distress is of great importance in terminally ill cancer patients, there is a little information about screening patients who benefit from palliative care and identifying the cancer care targets. This study explored the relationship of pain management and positive expectations with depression, anxiety and spiritual well-being (SWB) in terminal cancer patients admitted to a palliative care unit.

Methods
Eighty-four terminal cancer inpatients were recruited from the Hospice Ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Optimism and general self-efficacy (GSE) were evaluated at admission. Patients completed self-report questionnaires on SWB, depression, anxiety and pain both on admission and one week later. The repeated designed analysis of variance was used to explore the correlates of depression, anxiety and SWB (meaning, peace, faith).

Results
In our sample, only cancer pain diminished significantly one week later. For depression (p = 0.041) and faith (p = 0.013), there was a significant pain group (relieved vs. not relieved) × time interaction effect, such that those with satisfied pain control experienced the improved psycho-spiritual outcomes at 1 week. The relationship between positive expectations, peace and faith was also statistically significant, indicating that the improvement of peace or faith was significant in the low group of optimism and GSE.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that pain management lied at the center of depression and SWB, meaning that effective pain management may reduce depression, and improve SWB among terminal cancer patients. Moreover, positive expectations, especially for optimism, may be the new target for SWB-related intervention research. Palliative care nurse should require the identification of terminal cancer patients who may more benefit from short-term palliative care, and target them with effective cancer care.
Overcoming the struggle of living with type 2 diabetes – diabetes specialist nurses’ and patients’ perspectives on digital interventions
Authors: Jarl Frida , Davelid Anna , Hedin Katarina , Stomby Andreas , Petersson Christina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) is a cornerstone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unclear whether delivering DSMES as a digital health intervention (DHI) might meet the needs experienced by patients with T2DM and diabetes specialist nurses (DSN) of the primary health care system in Sweden.

Methods
Fourteen patients with T2DM and four DSN participated in three separate focus groups: two groups comprised patients and one group comprised DSN. The patients discussed the questions: “What needs did you experience after your T2DM diagnosis?” and “How might these needs be met with a DHI?” The DSN discussed the questions: “What needs do you experience when treating a patient with newly diagnosed T2DM?” and “How might these needs be met with a DHI?”. Furthermore, data were collected in the form of field notes from group discussions at a meeting including 18 DSNs working with T2DM in PHCCs. The discussions from focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed together with the field notes from the meeting using inductive content analysis.

Results
The analysis yielded the overall theme: “Overcoming the struggle of living with T2DM”, which was summarized in two categories: “learning and being prepared” and “giving and receiving support”. Important findings were that, for success, a DHI for DSMES must be integrated into routine care, provide structured, high-quality information, suggest tasks to stimulate behavioral changes, and provide feedback from the DSN to the patient.

Conclusion
This study highlighted several important aspects, from the perspectives of both the patient with T2DM and the DSN, which should be taken into consideration for the successful development and use of a DHI for DSMES.
The willingness and attitudes of speech-language pathologists towards the use of mobile health technology: a survey study
Authors: Saeedi Soheila , Ghazisaeedi Marjan , Ebrahimi Maryam , Seifpanahi Mohammad-Sadegh , Bouraghi Hamid 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Mobile health (mHealth) technology could be used in different ways to treat various speech and language disorders. The attitude of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) towards this technology and their willingness to use it can play a significant role in the success of the therapies they provide. This study was conducted to investigate the willingness and attitude of SLPs towards the use of mHealth technology.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to April 2022 in Iran. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of three parts (information related to demographic variables, attitude and willingness) was designed based on the past studies, and then given to all SLPs throughout Iran. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency, mean, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of variance). Also, the SLPs’ willingness to use the desired technology was interpreted as a percentage as follows: 0–20% = not at all willing, 21–40% = slightly willing, 41–60% = moderately willing, 61–80% = highly willing, and above 80% = extremely willing.

Results
One hundred sixty speech-language pathologists from all over Iran participated in this study. The results showed that the willingness of 65.25% of SLPs to use the mentioned technology was at a good level, and according to the mentioned category, they had a high willingness to use this technology. In regard to the attitude of SLPs, the findings showed that SLPs believed that patients receive a higher quality of care during in-person visits than through mHealth technology. Also, this survey showed that SLPs were more inclined to use this technology to answer patients’ questions. Non-payment of services provided through mHealth technology and privacy concerns were the reasons for the lack of use of this technology by SLPs.

Conclusions
SLPs are willing to use mHealth technology after solving the related challenges, including payment of costs and privacy concerns. However, SLPs believed that this technology will not be a suitable alternative to face-to-face sessions.