bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On hybrid tree-based methods for short-term insurance claims
Authors: Quan Zhiyu , Wang Zhiguo , Gan Guojun , Valdez Emiliano A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo-part framework and the Tweedie generalized linear model (GLM) have traditionally been used to model loss costs for short-term insurance contracts. For most portfolios of insurance claims, there is typically a large proportion of zero claims that leads to imbalances, resulting in lower prediction accuracy of these traditional approaches. In this article, we propose the use of tree-based methods with a hybrid structure that involves a two-step algorithm as an alternative approach. For example, the first step is the construction of a classification tree to build the probability model for claim frequency. The second step is the application of elastic net regression models at each terminal node from the classification tree to build the distribution models for claim severity. This hybrid structure captures the benefits of tuning hyperparameters at each step of the algorithm; this allows for improved prediction accuracy, and tuning can be performed to meet specific business objectives. An obvious major advantage of this hybrid structure is improved model interpretability. We examine and compare the predictive performance of this hybrid structure relative to the traditional Tweedie GLM using both simulated and real datasets. Our empirical results show that these hybrid tree-based methods produce more accurate and informative predictions.
An RDoC-based approach to adolescent self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: The interactive role of social affiliation and cardiac arousal
Authors: Nelson Benjamin W. , Pollak Olivia H. , Clayton Matthew G. , Telzer Eva H. , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent theoretical models have posited that increases in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) during adolescence may be linked to failures in biological stress regulation in contexts of social stress. However, there is a lack of data examining this hypothesis during the transition to adolescence, a sensitive period of development characterized by changes across socioaffective and psychophysiological domains. Building on principles from developmental psychopathology and the RDoC framework, the present study used a longitudinal design in a sample of 147 adolescents to test whether interactions among experiences of social (i.e., parent and peer) conflict and cardiac arousal (i.e., resting heart rate) predicted adolescents’ engagement in SITBs (i.e., nonsuicidal self-injury, NSSI; and suicidal ideation; SI) across 1-year follow-up. Prospective analyses revealed that adolescents experiencing a combination of greater peer, but not family, conflict and higher cardiac arousal at baseline showed significant longitudinal increases in NSSI. In contrast, social conflict did not interact with cardiac arousal to predict future SI. Findings indicate that greater peer-related interpersonal stress in adolescents may increase risk for future NSSI among youth with physiological vulnerabilities (i.e., higher resting heart rate) that may be markers of maladaptive stress responses. Future research should examine these processes at finer timescales to elucidate whether these factors are proximal predictors of within-day SITBs.
Prognostic significance of pre- and post-treatment hematological biomarkers in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Iwasa Yoh-ichiro , Shimizu Moeka , Matsuura Kazuki , Hori Kentaro , Hiramatsu Ken , Sugiyama Kenjiro , Yokota Yoh , Kitano Tomohiro , Kitoh Ryosuke , Takumi Yutaka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of hematological biomarkers measured before and after treatment in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). This study reviewed 124 patients with HNC who received chemoradiotherapy. Hematological biomarkers assessed before and after treatment were investigated. The pretreatment C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (pre-CAR) and post-treatment prognostic nutritional index (post-PNI) showed the highest area under the curve with cutoff values of 0.0945 and 34.9, respectively. Patients in the high pre-CAR group showed significantly worse prognosis than those in the low pre-CAR group with respect to the progression-free survival (PFS) (3-year PFS: 44.8% vs. 76.8%, p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (3-year OS: 65.8% vs. 94.0%, p < 0.001). Patients in the low post-PNI group showed significantly worse prognosis than those in the high post-PNI group with respect to the PFS (3-year PFS: 58.6% vs. 77.4%, p = 0.013) and OS (3-year OS: 75.2% vs. 96.9%, p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced N stage (p = 0.008), high pre-CAR (p = 0.024), and low post-PNI (p = 0.034) were significantly associated with poorer OS. We suggest that the evaluation of hematological markers before and after treatment is useful for predicting disease progression and survival.
Uracil-DNA glycosylase efficiency is modulated by substrate rigidity
Authors: Orndorff Paul B. , Poddar Souvik , Owens Aerial M. , Kumari Nikita , Ugaz Bryan T. , Amin Samrat , Van Horn Wade D. , van der Vaart Arjan , Levitus Marcia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUracil DNA-glycosylase (UNG) is a DNA repair enzyme that removes the highly mutagenic uracil lesion from DNA using a base flipping mechanism. Although this enzyme has evolved to remove uracil from diverse sequence contexts, UNG excision efficiency depends on DNA sequence. To provide the molecular basis for rationalizing UNG substrate preferences, we used time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR imino proton exchange measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations to measure UNG specificity constants (kcat/KM) and DNA flexibilities for DNA substrates containing central AUT, TUA, AUA, and TUT motifs. Our study shows that UNG efficiency is dictated by the intrinsic deformability around the lesion, establishes a direct relationship between substrate flexibility modes and UNG efficiency, and shows that bases immediately adjacent to the uracil are allosterically coupled and have the greatest impact on substrate flexibility and UNG activity. The finding that substrate flexibility controls UNG efficiency is likely significant for other repair enzymes and has major implications for the understanding of mutation hotspot genesis, molecular evolution, and base editing.
Association of smoking and osteoarthritis in US (NHANES 1999–2018)
Authors: Zhu Senbo , Ji Lichen , He Zeju , Zhang Wei , Tong Yu , Luo Junchao , Hong Zheping , Zhang Yin , Yu Dongsheng , Zhang Qiong , Bi Qing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLittle is currently known about the effect of smoking on osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and OA in the United States (US) general population. Cross-sectional study. Level of evidence, 3. 40,201 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 were included and divided into OA and non-arthritis groups. Participants demographics and characteristics were compared between the two groups. Then the participants were divided into non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers based on their smoking status, also demographics and characteristics among the three groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between smoking and OA. The current and former smoking rate in the OA group (53.0%) was significantly higher than that in the non-arthritis group (42.5%; p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis including body mass index (BMI), age, sex, race, education level, hypertension, diabetes, asthma and cardiovascular disease showed that smoking was an association for OA. This large national study highlights a positive association between smoking and OA prevalence in the general US population. It is necessary to further study the relationship between smoking and OA in order to determine the specific mechanism of smoking on OA.
Anomaly detection in railway bridges using imaging techniques
Authors: Russo Paolo , Schaerf Marco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe monitoring of the structural health of infrastructures is a very important topic in structural engineering, but unfortunately, there are few established techniques that are applicable in a wide range of situations. In this paper, we present a new method that adapts image analysis tools and methodologies, taken from the field of computer vision, and applies them to the monitoring signals of a railway bridge. We show that our method correctly identifies changes in the structural health of the bridge with very high precision, thus providing a better, simpler, and more general alternative to current methodologies used in the field.
The median eyes of trilobites
Authors: Schoenemann Brigitte , Clarkson Euan N. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArthropods typically possess two types of eyes—compound eyes, and the ocellar, so called 'median eyes'. Only trilobites, an important group of arthropods during the Palaeozoic, seem not to possess median eyes. While compound eyes are in focus of many investigations, median eyes are not as well considered. Here we give an overview of the occurence of median eyes in the arthropod realm and their phylogenetic relationship to other ocellar eye-systems among invertebrates. We discuss median eyes as represented in the fossil record e.g. in arthropods of the Cambrian fauna, and document median eyes in trilobites the first time. We make clear that ocellar systems, homologue to median eyes and possibly their predecessors are the primordial visual system, and that the compound eyes evolved later. Furthermore, the original number of median eyes is two, as retained in chelicerates. Four, probably the consequence of a gene-dublication, can be found for example in basal crustaceans, three is a derived number by fusion of the central median eyes and characterises Mandibulata. Median eyes are present in larval trilobites, but lying below a probably thin, translucent cuticle, as described here, which explains why they have hitherto escaped detection. So this article gives a review about the complexity of representation and evolution of median eyes among arthropods, and fills the gap of missing median eyes in trilobites. Thus now the number of median eyes represented in an arthropod is an important tool to find its position in the phylogenetic tree.
Structural and optical properties of gold nanosponges revealed via 3D nano-reconstruction and phase-field models
Authors: Grunert Malte , Bohm Sebastian , Honig Hauke , Wang Dong , Lienau Christoph , Runge Erich , Schaaf Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNanosponges are subject of intensive research due to their unique morphology, which leads among other effects to electrodynamic field localization generating a strongly nonlinear optical response at hot spots and thus enable a variety of applications. Accurate predictions of physical properties require detailed knowledge of the sponges’ chaotic nanometer-sized structure, posing a metrological challenge. A major goal is to obtain computer models with equivalent structural and optical properties. Here, to understand the sponges’ morphology, we present a procedure for their accurate 3D reconstruction using focused ion beam tomography. Additionally, we introduce a simulation method to create nanoporous sponge models with adjustable geometric properties. It is shown that if certain morphological parameters are similar for computer-generated and experimental sponges, their optical response, including magnitudes and hot spot locations, are also similar. Finally, we analyze the anisotropy of experimental sponges and present an easy-to-use method to reproduce arbitrary anisotropies in computer-generated sponges.
Simultaneous sulfate and nitrate reduction in coastal sediments
Authors: Bourceau O M , Ferdelman T , Lavik G , Mussmann M , Kuypers M M M , Marchant H K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The oscillating redox conditions that characterize coastal sandy sediments foster microbial communities capable of respiring oxygen and nitrate simultaneously, thereby increasing the potential for organic matter remineralization, nitrogen (N)-loss and emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. It is unknown to what extent these conditions also lead to overlaps between dissimilatory nitrate and sulfate respiration. Here, we show that sulfate and nitrate respiration co-occur in the surface sediments of an intertidal sand flat. Furthermore, we found strong correlations between dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and sulfate reduction rates. Until now, the nitrogen and sulfur cycles were assumed to be mainly linked in marine sediments by the activity of nitrate-reducing sulfide oxidisers. However, transcriptomic analyses revealed that the functional marker gene for DNRA (nrfA) was more associated with microorganisms known to reduce sulfate rather than oxidise sulfide. Our results suggest that when nitrate is supplied to the sediment community upon tidal inundation, part of the sulfate reducing community may switch respiratory strategy to DNRA. Therefore increases in sulfate reduction rate in-situ may result in enhanced DNRA and reduced denitrification rates. Intriguingly, the shift from denitrification to DNRA did not influence the amount of N2O produced by the denitrifying community. Our results imply that microorganisms classically considered as sulfate reducers control the potential for DNRA within coastal sediments when redox conditions oscillate and therefore retain ammonium that would otherwise be removed by denitrification, exacerbating eutrophication.
The terrestrial isopod symbiont ‘Candidatus Hepatincola porcellionum’ is a potential nutrient scavenger related to Holosporales symbionts of protists
Authors: Dittmer Jessica , Bredon Marius , Moumen Bouziane , Raimond Maryline , Grève Pierre , Bouchon Didier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The order Holosporales (Alphaproteobacteria) encompasses obligate intracellular bacterial symbionts of diverse Eukaryotes. These bacteria have highly streamlined genomes and can have negative fitness effects on the host. Herein, we present a comparative analysis of the first genome sequences of ‘Ca. Hepatincola porcellionum’, a facultative symbiont occurring extracellularly in the midgut glands of terrestrial isopods. Using a combination of long-read and short-read sequencing, we obtained the complete circular genomes of two Hepatincola strains and an additional metagenome-assembled draft genome. Phylogenomic analysis validated its phylogenetic position as an early-branching family-level clade relative to all other established Holosporales families associated with protists. A 16S rRNA gene survey revealed that this new family encompasses diverse bacteria associated with both marine and terrestrial host species, which expands the host range of Holosporales bacteria from protists to several phyla of the Ecdysozoa (Arthropoda and Priapulida). Hepatincola has a highly streamlined genome with reduced metabolic and biosynthetic capacities as well as a large repertoire of transmembrane transporters. This suggests that this symbiont is rather a nutrient scavenger than a nutrient provider for the host, likely benefitting from a nutrient-rich environment to import all necessary metabolites and precursors. Hepatincola further possesses a different set of bacterial secretion systems compared to protist-associated Holosporales, suggesting different host-symbiont interactions depending on the host organism.
Lithium in red novae and their remnants
Authors: Kamiński Tomek , Schmidt Mirek , Hajduk Marcin , Kiljan Aleksandra , Izviekova Inna , Frankowski Adam 
Published: March 2023

Context. Galactic red novae are thought to be produced in stellar mergers between non-compact stars, such as main-sequence stars and cool giants. It is hoped that they will help explain the physical processes involved in common-envelope evolution and stellar binary collisions.
Aims. We investigate the presence of lithium in the three best observed Galactic red nova remnants. Explaining the origin of lithium may point to a mixing mechanism present before, during, or after the merger.
Methods. We compared the lithium line at 6707.81 Å to a feature of Ca I] at 6572.78 Å to derive relative abundances in circumstellar gas. We next calculated absolute abundances, assuming the solar calcium-to-lithium abundance ratio.
Results. Our analysis yields the following lithium abundances: A(Li) = 2.3 for V838 Mon, A(Li) = 2.5 for CK Vul, and A(Li) = 1.8 for V1309 Sco.
Conclusions. The super-solar lithium abundances in red novae may suggest that at least some merger products activate mixing mechanisms capable of producing lithium, but other interpretations are possible. In particular, the merger product of V838 Mon may be enhanced in lithium by the matter of one of the progenitor stars. Early observations of lithium in V838 Mon and V1309 Sco hint that Li-producing mechanisms, if present, activate early, perhaps already in the common-envelope phase. Determining the origin of lithium in red novae requires further investigation and a larger sample of measured stars.
Chronology of the chemical enrichment of the old Galactic stellar populations
Authors: Giribaldi R. E. , Smiljanic R. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Over its history, the Milky Way has accreted several smaller satellite galaxies. These mergers added stars and gas to the Galaxy and affected the properties of the pre-existing stellar populations. Stellar chemical abundances and ages are needed to establish the chronological order of events that occur before, during, and after such mergers.
Aims. We report the precise ages (∼6.5%) and chemical abundances for the TITANS, a sample of old metal-poor dwarfs and subgiants with accurate atmospheric parameters. We also obtain ages with an average precision of 10% for a selected sample of dwarf stars from the GALAH survey. We use these stars, located within ∼1 kiloparsec of the Sun, to analyse the chronology of the chemical evolution of in situ and accreted metal-poor stellar populations.
Methods. We determined ages via isochrone fitting. For the TITANS, we determined Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Ni, Ba, and Eu abundances using spectrum synthesis. The [Mg/Fe] abundances of the GALAH stars were re-scaled to be consistent with the abundances of the TITANS. We separated stellar populations by primarily employing chemical abundances and orbits.
Results. We find that star formation in the so-called Gaia-Enceladus or Gaia-Sausage galaxy, the last major system to merge with the Milky Way, lasted at least 3 billion years and got truncated 9.6 ± 0.2 billion years ago. This marks with a very high level of precision the last stage of its merging process. We also identified stars of a heated metal-poor in-situ population with virtually null net rotation, probably disturbed by several of the early Milky Way mergers. We show that this population is more metal-rich than Gaia-Enceladus at any moment in time.
Conclusions. The sequence of events uncovered in our analysis supports the hypothesis that Gaia-Enceladus truncated the formation of the high-α disc and caused the gas infall that forms the low-α disc.
Comprendre la participation au para hockey : étude du rôle de l’identité sportive et les intentions de la pratique sportive
Authors: Laidet Marion , Lemoyne Jean , Trudeau François 
Published: March 2023

L’inactivité physique chez les personnes avec limitations fonctionnelles est une préoccupation importante de santé publique. La pratique d’un sport peut être un moyen d’augmenter le niveau d’activité physique des personnes avec handicap. Ce projet vise à : (1) définir le profil identitaire des adeptes de para hockey, et (2) mieux comprendre les mécanismes associés aux intentions de poursuivre la pratique du sport. Le projet, mené à l’aide d’une méthode mixte, est constitué de deux études, basées sur le modèle de l’identité sportive et la théorie du comportement planifié. Dans la première étude, 115 para hockeyeurs ont rempli un questionnaire portant sur l’identité sportive. Ensuite, sept athlètes ont participé à une entrevue individuelle, pour aider à comprendre leurs intentions de maintenir la pratique sportive. Quatre-vingt-dix pour cent des répondants ont une identité sportive élevée, alors que 20 % se disent enclins à essayer d’autres disciplines. Les résultats de l’étude 2 indiquent que les attitudes, les normes sociales et le contrôle perçu incitent à continuer la pratique du para hockey mais aussi à s’initier à d’autres disciplines sportives. Néanmoins, les participants sont plus prédisposés à surmonter les obstacles pour le para hockey que pour s’initier à de nouvelles activités sportives.
L’usage clinique des degrés de certitude. Un exemple dans l’évaluation des connaissances d’adolescents diabétiques
Authors: Guemazi-Kheffi Fatiha , Leclercq Dieudonné 
Published: March 2023

Contexte et objectifs :Pour vérifier les connaissances d’adolescents porteurs d’un diabète, l’association Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques (AJD) a mis au point un questionnaire de 50 questions vrai-faux (QVF). L’enjeu de la présente action-recherche est d’utiliser cette ressource pour (a) détecter les méconnaissances ou Savoir-à-Soigner ou SàS et (b) y remédier. La première opération est facilitée par le recours à des degrés de certitude accompagnant les réponses selon des principes (Pr) synthétisés par Leclercq (Degrés de certitude : analyses spectrales de réponses acertées. Université de Liège ; 2020 [révision mars 2022].http://hdl.handle.net/2268/257334). Parmi ceux-ci, la possibilité de classer la qualité non plus seulement des réponses, mais des connaissances (ou niveaux de maîtrise cognitive). Non plus par la seule partition binaire (réponse correcte/incorrecte), mais aussi par une partition ternaire de la qualité des connaissances : nuisibles, inutilisables et utiles.Méthode :Ce questionnaire a été administré en demandant à 3 jeunes patients (porteurs d’un DT1) de fournir un degré de certitude (DC) pour chacune de leurs 50 réponses. Sur cette base, la clinicienne a repéré les Savoirs-à-Soigner (SàS) et en a fait une exploitation « à chaud » (principe du Test Spectral Métacognitif [TSM]).Résultats :Sur des questions précises, sont présentés des exemples de diagnostic par la clinicienne dans trois domaines : (1) certains processus mentaux des jeunes patients, (2) les libellés ambigus de certaines questions, (3) les points forts et certaines lacunes du programme éducatif du centre de santé.Discussion :Sur les limites de l’étude et les perspectives.Conclusion :Guidé par le cognomètre (la qualité spectrale et l’utilisabilité des réponses acertées), le débat post-TSM facilite la tâche du clinicien de reconnexion, chez le patient, entre son savoir et son vécu.