bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Natural Cytotoxicity by Alloantibodies
Authors: Saxena Rajiv K. , Adler William H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Natural killer activity of spleen cells obtained from different strains of mice against the human myeloid leukemia cell line, K562, and two mouse cell lines P815 and L1210 was measured by using the 4-hr chromium release assay. The level of cytotoxic activity of spleen cells against the K562 target was usually less than 4% lysis. However, treatment of the spleen cells with a specific anti-H-2 antiserum resulted in a dose-dependent augmentation of the degree of lysis of K562 cells. The augmentation of cytotoxic activity could be obtained by pretreatment of the spleen cells with antisera or by directly adding the antisera to the cytotox-incubation medium. Anti-thy-1 and anti-immunoglobulin antisera had no enhancing effect under similar conditions. The specific alloantisera-treated spleen cells did not show any increase in cytotoxicity against P815 and L1210 target cells. Spleen cells responsible for the alloantiserum-mediated augmentation of cytotoxicity against K562 cells appear to be different from T or B cells as indicated by their resistance to anti-thy-1 and complement treatment and lack of adherence to nylon wool columns.
Demonstration of Phosphorylcholine-Specific IgE B Cells in CAB/N Mice
Authors: Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Shigemoto Shozo , Watanabe Takeshi , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
CBA/N mice, which did not make anti-PC IgM or IgG antibody against PC-conjugated T-dependent or T-independent antigens, produced IgE antibody to PC-determinant when they were immunized with PC-KLH. PC-specificity of IgE antibody produced in CBA/N mice was determined by inhibition of PCA reaction with free PC-hapten or C-polysaccharide or by absorption of reaginic activity in the serum with C-polysaccharide. The presence of T15 idiotype on anti-PC IgE antibody produced in CBA/N × BALB/c F1 males also showed that anti-PC IgE antibody in defective mice was PC-specific. The results suggest that PC-specific Bε cells may belong to a subpopulation distinct from PC-specific precursors for IgM and IgG responses.
Markers of Human T Cell Subsets Identified by Alloantisera
Authors: Ferrara Giovanni Battista , Strelkauskas Anthony J. , Longo Anna , McDowell Joan , Yunis Edmond J. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Analysis by the indirect fluorescence test followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis has shown that antisera recognizing subsets of human T lymphocytes can be produced by planned immunizations involving HLA-A and HLA-B compatible donors. The reactivity of these antisera against some individuals of a population but not others shows that they recognize a polymorphic cell surface component. The reactive subpopulation largely overlaps with the JRA+ subset, which was previously shown to possess regulatory properties in functional assays. The specificity of the antisera for a T cell subset and the unrelatedness of the anti-B cell activity of the same antisera has been confirmed by two-color fluorescence tests.
The Immune Response of Lewis Rats to Peptide 68–88 of Guinea Pig Myelin Basic Protein
Authors: Fritz Robert B. , Chou Frank C.-H. , Jen Chou C.-H. , Kibler Robert F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A series of peptides, produced from peptide 68–88 by selective enzyme cleavage, were used to define the amino acid sequences reactive with Lewis rat anti-peptide 68–88 antibody. One hundred per cent of 38 rats immunized with peptide 68–88 recognized a B cell determinant residing in the region of residues 80–88. The three carboxyterminal amino acids, residues 86–88, appeared to confer conformation on this determinant. In roughly two–thirds of the rats, the reactivity with this major B cell determinant was equal to the reactivity with the immunizing peptide. In these rats the anti-peptide 68–88 antibodies were of the IgG2 class. A third of the rats recognized an additional determinant(s) and in these the predominant class of antibody was IgG1.
Involvement of Host Fc Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Cutaneous Basophil Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Graziano Frank M. , Askenase Philip W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) reactions are heterogeneous delayed time course basophil-rich responses that can be mediated by either T cells, B cells, or serum antibodies. The current study examined the mechanism by which antibodies mediate CBH in guinea pigs. Fc competition experiments were constructed by passively transferring mixtures of anti-KLH serum and normal heterologous γ-globulins. It was found that rabbit IgG and its isolated and purified Fc fragment [but not the (Fab′)2 fragment] inhibited the ability of guinea pig immune serum to transfer CBH. Concurrent inhibition of transferred KLH-specific CBH and systemic passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions by rabbit IgG or its Fc fragment, and not by sheep or bovine γ-globulins, indicated that Fc receptors on cutaneous mast cells were probably involved in both CBH and PCA.
It was also found that the basophil aspect of delayed cutaneous responses elicited by PHA was inhibited by Fc competition maneuvers. This could mean that some forms of apparently T cell-mediated CBH may be T cell dependent, but via secretion of molecules that bind to Fc receptors, as seems required in antibody-mediated CBH.
Sensitivity of Long-Standing Xenografts of Rat Hearts to Humoral Antibodies
Authors: Burdick James F. , Russell Paul S. , Winn Henry J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Long-standing rat skin xenografts on immunosuppressed mice are known to become insensitive to destruction by mouse anti-rat serum. Our present experiments demonstrate that long-standing primarily vascularized rat-to-mouse cardiac xenografts, unlike skin, remain fully sensitive to antiserum-mediated destruction, even in mice also bearing a long-standing skin graft that is resistant to antiserum. It appears that skin grafts become resistant to antiserum-mediated destruction because of extensive replacement of the endothelium by cells of host origin. The hearts remain sensitive to anti-serum since such an extensive endothelial replacement would not occur as readily in these whole organ grafts.
Physicochemical and Functional Identity of Rabbit Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Released in Vivo during IgE Anaphylaxis with PAF Released in Vitro from IgE Sensitized Basophils
Authors: Neal Pinckard R. , Farr Richard S. , Hanahan Donald J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Platelet activating factor (PAF) released in vivo into the plasmas of rabbits during development of IgE-induced systemic anaphylactic shock had indistinguishable physicochemical and functional properties when compared with PAF released in vitro from antigen-stimulated, washed buffy coat cells containing IgE-sensitized basophils. Our findings represent the first documentation for the release of PAF in vivo and strongly support its role as an important chemical mediator involved in acute inflammatory reactions and tissue injury. The intravascular release of PAF during IgE anaphylaxis correlated temporally with the development of intravascular platelet aggregation and the development of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Passive transfer experiments indicated that IgE-sensitized basophils alone can initiate the intravascular release of PAF and development of the various platelet and neutrophil alterations similar to those observed during the anaphylactic syndrome in the actively immunized rabbit.
The PAF released in vivo or in vitro was completely recoverable by chloroform-methanol-water extraction and was easily and completely phased into a chloroformrich layer after the addition of water. All of the PAF samples studied consistently migrated on thin layer chromatography as a sharp band between sphingomyelin and lysolecithin on silica gel G plates by utilizing a solvent system of chloroform-methanol-water, 65:35:4, v/v. The mobility of the PAF on thin layer chromatography was essentially unaffected when chloroformmethanol-acetic acid-water, 25:15:4:2, v/v, or chloroform-methanol-25% ammonia 65:35:4, v/v, were utilized as the solvent systems. These observations, coupled with the fact that PAF preparations could not be extracted from the chloroform solution with NaHCO3 argue for a neutral lipid molecule. Functional PAF activity and migratory properties on thin layer chromatography were stable to acid conditions, exposure to air, treatment with periodic acid or sodium nitrite, but were exquisitely labile to methanolic NaOH. The above characteristics would eliminate the occurrence of a structure containing a vinyl ether linkage, a free glycerol, glycol or sugar moiety, but would support a neutral polar lipid containing a fatty acid ester group.
Stability of DNA/anti-DNA complexes. II. Salt lability and avidity.
Authors: Riley R L , Addis D J , Taylor R P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The kinetics of dissociation of antibody-radiolabeled dsDNA (homogeneous PM2 DNA or sonicated dsDNA of m.w. 6 x 10(5)) complexes at 37 degrees C have been examined via three independent radioimmunoassays: the Farr, Millipore Filter, and PEG assays. Two different procedures were used to study the kinetics. Either excess unlabeled DNA or high salt concentrations were employed to induce complex dissociation. Our results suggest that typical SLE sera contain at least two distinct populations of anti-dsDNA antibodies. One population is of rather high avidity and dissociates slowly in the presence of excess DNA or high salt. The other population is of considerably lower avidity and is dissociated more rapidly under these conditions. The results of a double label dissociation kinetics study provide independent evidence supporting this hypothesis.
The self determinants recognized by human virus-immune T cells can be distinguished from the serologically defined HLA antigens.
Authors: Biddison W E , Ward F E , Shearer G M , Shaw S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The self specificity of human influenza virus-immune cytotoxic T cells has been analyzed in order to clarify the relationship between the self antigens that they recognize and the serologically defined HLA-A and -B antigens. Virus-immune effectors from HLA-A2-positive donors were tested on panels of virus-infected target cells from donors who were either HLA-mismatched or matched only for HLA-A2. Virus-immune T cells from 11 out of 11 A2-positive donors lysed all A2-matched virus-infected target cells (and no HLA-mismatched targets), except that each of these effector cells consistently failed to lyse virus-infected target cells from one A2-positive donor (designated M7). Although the A2 specificity of donor M7 could also be distinguished from the A2 antigen of other donors by alloimmune cytotoxic T cells, no differences in the A2 antigen of donor M7 could be defined by extensive serologic analyses. These results indicate that there is a strong but incomplete association between a self antigen recognized by virus-immune T cells and the serologically defined HLA-A2 specificity.
Polyclonal activation of human lymphocytes in vitro-II. Reappraisal of T and B cell-specific mitogens.
Authors: Dosch H M , Schuurman R K , Gelfand E W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capacity of the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and Staphylococcus protein A (SpA) to induce B cell proliferation and differentiation was compared with the B cell mitogen, formalinized Staphylococcus aureus (STA). Lymphocyte subpopulations from normal donors and patients with various immunodeficiency diseases were studied. In the presence of the T cell mitogens, irradiated T cells were capable of providing a helper cell activity that enabled co-cultured B lymphocytes to proliferate in response to these mitogens and to differentiate into IgM-secreting (direct) hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC). In the PFC response, radioresistant T-helper and radiosensitive T-suppressor cell activities could be demonstrated. T-suppressor cell activity outweighed helper activity only in nonirradiated co-cultures stimulated with Con A. Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency lacked mitogen-induced helper T cells, whereas patients with various forms of humoral immune deficiency were normal in this respect. These findings and the tissue distribution of the helper activity is aquired early in post-thymic T cell differentiation. The data suggest that experiments with cell lineage-specific lymphocyte mitogens should be considered in the context of more complex cell-cell interactions.
Evidence for the absence of I-E/C antigen expression on the cell surface in mice of the H-2b or H-2s haplotypes.
Authors: Ozato K , Lunney J K , El-Gamil M , Sachs D H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse Ia antigens encoded by I-E/C subregions of the H-2b and H-2s haplotypes have not previously been detected with alloantisera. We have therefore examined the reactivity of xenoantisera, which could potentially detect nonpolymorphic determinants of these antigens, by using a sequential immunoprecipitation analysis of internally labeled glycoproteins from spleen lymphocytes of H-2b and H-2s haplotypes. The first xenoanti-serum, BN rat anti-B10 (H-2b) mouse, contained anti-Ia reactivity but precipitated only I-A antigens from both H-2b preparations and from preparations of another haplotype (H-2a) that is known to express I-E/C alloantigens. The second xenoantiserum, goat anti-Ia, was raised against soluble Ia antigens of H-2d haplotype. This serum lysed lymphocytes of all H-2 haplotypes tested and precipitated both I-A and I-E/C antigens from H-2d antigen preparations. However, when b or s haplotype antigens were examined, this antiserum precipitated only I-A antigens. These observations favor the hypothesis that I-E/C antigens are not expressed in these haplotypes. This hypothesis offers a possible explanation for the broad interspecies cross-reactions of anti-I-E/C alloantisera raised in either H-2b or H-2s haplotypes and may have implications for studies of two-gene control of immune responses.
Release of an endogenous pyrogen from guinea pig leukocytes: the role of T lymphocytes and correlation with suppression (desensitization) of delayed hypersensitivity.
Authors: Atkins E , Askenase P W , Francis L , Bernheim H A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The pathogenesis of fever in delayed hypersensitivity (DH) was studied in guinea pigs immunized with either ovalbumin or bovine gamma-globulin in complete Freund's adjuvant. In vitro incubation of sensitized lymphocytes with the specific antigen used for immunization resulted in the elaboration of a lymphokine-like factor that activated either monocytes or neutrophils to release endogenous pyrogen (EP), the protein that causes fever. Specifically sensitized T cells appeared to be responsible for release of this EP-inducing factor. Desensitization of the dermal DH response to antigen was produced by several large injections of antigen and was associated with a reduced capacity of lymphocytes from such animals to activate phagocytic cells to release EP. This may explain the reduced fever (pyrogenic tolerance) that occurs when repeated injections of antigen are given to sensitized animals. Fever and the dermal response to DH seem to be closely linked reactions that have evolved to defend the host against invading pathogens. In both reactions, phagocytic cells appear to be activated by lymphokines derived from T lymphocytes specifically responding to microbial antigens.
Induction and regulation of immunoglobulin expression in a murine pre-B cell line, 70Z/3. I. Cell cycle-associated induction of sIgM expression and kappa-chain synthesis in 70Z/3 cells by LPS stimulation.
Authors: Sakaguchi N , Kishimoto T , Kikutani H , Watanabe T , Yoshida N , Shimizu A , Yamawaki-Kataoka Y , Honjo T , Yamamura Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Stimulation of a murine pre-B cell line, 70Z/3, with LPS induced sIgM expression and an increase of L kappa-chain mRNA within 12 hr. In synchronized 70Z/3 cells, the cell division cycle was 10 to 11 hr and LSP-stimulation did not affect the cell division cycle. LPS-signals given at G1/S boundary induced sIgM expression in the G2 to M-phase. On the other hand, LPS-signals given after M-phase did not induce sIgM expression. Inhibition of cell division with demecorcin did not affect sIgM expression in the M-phase. Induction of intracellular kappa-chain synthesis was also observed in the G2 to M-phase when the LPS-stimulation was provided at G1/S boundary, but LPS-signals given after the M-phase did not induce de novo synthesis of kappa-chain. These results showed that LPS-induced sIgM expression and synthesis of kappa-chain were cell cycle-related events and sIgM expression was associated wih de novo synthesis of kappa-chain.
Generation and release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) from enriched preparations of rabbit basophils; failure of human basophils to release PAF.
Authors: Betz S J , Lotner G Z , Henson P M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit mononuclear cells containing up to 20% basophils and uncontaminated by neutrophils release PAF when stimulated with goat antiserum to rabbit IgE. The amount of PAF detected was a function of basophil concentration but decreased on a per cell basis at high basophil or high total cell concentrations. Calcium ionophore A23187, but not protein A, C5a, or FMLP, initiated rabbit basophil degranulation and PAF release. By contrast, extensive studies using a variety of human leukocyte preparations failed to demonstrate the release of significant levels of PAF from human basophils by IgE-dependent or -independent mechanisms. These results suggest that cells other than the peripheral blood basophil (e.g., the neutrophil) may act as the primary site of PAF production in man.
Cytotoxic activity and interferon production by lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis.
Authors: Santoli D , Hall W , Kastrukoff L , Lisak R P , Perussia B , Trinchieri G , Koprowski H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from MS patients and from healthy control donors were compared for their ability to mediate spontaneous and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. They were also compared for their ability to respond to infection with various strains of measles and sSPE viruses with interferon production and enhanced NK activity. Neither SLMC nor ADCC against several different target cells was found to be impaired in the MS population. Furthermore, no defect was detected in the response of patients' lymphocytes to virus challenge in vitro in terms of both activation of NK cells and interferon production. Enhanced NK activity was also induced by an exogenous interferon preparation and by Poly I:C to the same extent in patients and controls.
The biologic activity of the immunoregulatory lipoprotein, LDL-In is independent of its free fatty acid content.
Authors: Curtiss L K , Edgington T S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immunoregulatory normal plasma lipoprotein subclass, termed LDL-In, suppresses a number of immune responses in vitro including peripheral blood lymphocyte phytohemagglutinin-stimulated 3H-thymidine uptake, pokeweed mitogen-driven immunoglobulin synthesis, and the generation of cytolytic T cells. In vivo parallels have also been demonstrated. Plasma lipoproteins represent noncovalent complexes of lipid and apolipoprotein chains. Since free fatty acids have been demonstrated to suppress certain lymphocyte responses including mitogen-stimulated 3H-thymidine uptake, we have examined the hypothesis that the free fatty acids associated with LDL-In particles are the biologically active constituents. However, the dose-dependence and the kinetics of LDL-In-mediated suppression were distinctly different from those observed for a number of free fatty acids. In addition, when greater than 92% of the endogenous free fatty acids of LDL-In were removed by incubation in the presence of delipidated albumin, no differences were observed between this free fatty acid depleted LDL-In and native LDL-In with respect to suppressive activity for lymphocyte stimulation or binding to the lymphocyte LDL-In receptor. These observations indicate that the interaction of the LDL-In particle with the lymphocyte receptor and the suppression of lymphocyte function are independent of the free fatty acid content of this bioregulatory lipoprotein, thus focusing attention on the apolipoprotein chains or the phospholipids and glycolipids of this minor plasma lipoprotein.
Immune response to phosphorylcholine. VIII. The response CBA/N mice to PC-LPS.
Authors: Köhler H , Smyk S , Fung J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
CBA/N mice and F1 crosses of CBA/N X BALB/c with the CBA/N phenotype respond to immunization with PC-LPS with a PC-specific and an anti-bridge antibody production. The PC-specific response in defective CBA/N and NBF1 is devoid of the IgG3 subclass and is not T15 idiotype dominant, whereas normal BALB/c and nondefective NBF1 mice express the T15 dominantly in their anti-PC-LPS response. By the criteria of responsiveness to PC-LPS only and the absence of dominant T15 expression, the precursors in defective NBF1 mice for TI-1 antigen PC-LPS can be characterized as being immature B cells similar to those found in neonatal livers of normal BALB/c or in spleens of chronically idiotype suppressed BALB/c mice. This analogy suggests that the developmental defect in CBA/N mice becomes active during the maturation process before selection for clonal dominance occurs and specialization of precursors for the preferred expression of the IgG3 subclass is completed. Alterations in the T cell compartment may contribute to the immature nature of B cells in the sex-linked immunodeficiency of CBA/N mice.
Mechanisms of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. I. The effects of anti-human lymphotoxin antisera on the cytolysis of allogeneic B cell lines by MLC-sensitized human lymphocytes in vitro.
Authors: Ware C F , Granger G A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Goat and rabbit anti-human lymphotoxin sera, IgG and F(ab')2 reagents were investigated for their capacity to effect a specific alloimmune lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic reaction. The cytotoxic reaction employed human peripheral blood or adenoid lymphocytes sensitized in MLC to allogeneic B lymphocyte cell lines and lysis was measured in a short-term 51Cr-release assay. A polyspecific anti-LT sera (anti-WS), made against unfractionated whole supernatants from lectin-activated lymphocytes and its IgG and F(ab')2 fragments, was found to be a potent inhibitor of this reaction when the anti-WS reagent was present throughout the assay period. Absorption studies indicated the anti-WS was inhibiting cytolysis at the level of effector cell or its products. Two broadly defined antibody specificities were involved in the cytolytic-inhibitory activity of the polyspecific anti-LT; i) antigens present on the normal lymphocyte cell surface; and ii) lymphocyte surface antigens associated with activated cells. These results correlate with the previously defined antigenic structure of the LT Cx and alpha H classes. Anti-LT sera reactive with the smaller m.w. alpha and beta classes and subclasses were not inhibitory, although the anti-beta sera showed a moderate enhancing activity. The results indicated that several anti-LT antibody specificities may be required to inhibit alloimmune cytolysis. The results suggest LT molecules may mediate lymphocyte-induced alloimmune cytolysis as a multi-component toxin system, rather than as an individual toxin.