bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of as-needed intravitreal injection compared to 3-monthly loading of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Chung Yoo-Ri , Woo Tae Kyoung , Park Ha Ryung , Lee Kihwang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, were searched on November 11, 2022. Studies comparing the pro-re-nata (PRN) regimen after the first treatment (PRN group) to three consecutive monthly injection regimens followed by the PRN regimen (3 + PRN group) were investigated. The primary outcomes were the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the change in central retinal thickness (CRT), with the secondary outcome being the injection frequency. Among 195 reports on anti-VEGF treatment, six comparative studies were included in this meta-analysis. The two groups had no statistically significant differences in terms of BCVA or CRT. However, the total number of injections during follow-up was significantly lower in the PRN group than in the 3 + PRN group (95% CI − 2.09 to − 0.83). The as-needed injection regimen is as effective as 3-monthly loading in terms of anatomical and functional improvement for BRVO, along with a lower treatment burden for patients and physicians.
What Drives Task Performance in Animal Fluency in Individuals Without Dementia? The SMART-MR Study
Authors: Rofes Adrià , Beran Magdalena , Jonkers Roel , Geerlings Mirjam I. , Vonk Jet M. J. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
In this study, we aim to understand whether and how performance in animal fluency (i.e., total correct word count) relates to linguistic levels and/or executive functions by looking at sequence information and item-level metrics (i.e., clusters, switches, and word properties).

Method:
Seven hundred thirty-one Dutch-speaking individuals without dementia from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance study responded to an animal fluency task (120 s). We obtained cluster size and number of switches for the task, and eight different word properties for each correct word produced. We detected variables that determine total word count with random forests, and used conditional inference trees to assess points along the scales of such variables, at which total word count changes significantly.

Results:
Number of switches, average cluster size, lexical decision response times, word frequency, and concreteness determined total correct word count in animal fluency. People who produced more correct words produced more switches and bigger clusters. People who produced fewer words produced fewer switches and more frequent words.

Conclusions:
Concurrent with existing literature, individuals without dementia rely on language and executive functioning to produce words in animal fluency. The novelty of our work is that such results were shown based on a data-driven approach using sequence information and item-level metrics.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23713269
An ensemble learning method for low visibility prediction on freeway using meteorological data
Authors: Zhai Ben , Wang Yanli , Wu Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe prediction of low visibility is essential for proactive traffic safety management on freeways under fog conditions. However, few studies have developed prediction models for visibility on freeways at a short‐term time interval. This study proposes an ensemble learning approach to develop a short‐term prediction model of low visibility on freeways using meteorological data. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is used to select meteorological variables related to low visibility. Random forests (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) are employed to develop visibility prediction models, and back propagation neural network (BPNN) and logistic regression (LR) are used for comparison. The models are evaluated over five prediction time intervals (5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min). The results indicate that the RF models outperform the other models with precision of 73.9%, recall of 59.8% and F1 score of 0.65. Moreover, the prediction model with a 15‐min time interval shows better performance. With the proposed short‐term prediction of low visibility, it is expected that more crashes could be prevented with more appropriate proactive traffic safety management strategies.
Machine learning to set hyperparameters for overlapping community detection algorithms
Authors: Xiao Chenglong , Wang Yajie , Wang Shanshan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Local Fitness Method (LFM) and Speaker‐Listener Label Propagation (SLPA) algorithms are widely used to detect overlapping communities in complex networks. The main problem with these two algorithms is that they are extremely sensitive to the setting of the hyperparameters. Previous methods set the hyperparameters of LFM or SLPA based on either empirical values or random choices, resulting in a large amount of computation for adjusting those parameters. To solve this problem, in this paper, a machine‐learning‐based approach is proposed to automatically set the hyperparameters of these two algorithms. Experimental results show that compared with the manual method, automatically setting the hyperparameter using machine learning models can lead to higher‐quality divisions. Furthermore, in comparison to the well‐known hyperparameter tuning method using Bayesian Optimization, the proposed predictive model‐based approach can find suitable para meters for LFM and SLPA much faster, while achieving competitive results in terms of division quality.
Progression and Relapse of Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma:
Individualized Approach of Treatment – Experience from a Major Pediatric
Cancer Center in Europe
Authors: Barnbrock Anke Elisabeth , Luckowitsch Marie , Schmidt Stanislaw , Buus-Gehrig Constanze , Koscher Leila , Becker Martina , Vokuhl Christian , Klingebiel Thomas , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Bochennek Konrad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
BackgroundThe outcome of children with refractory or relapsed soft tissue
sarcoma (STS) is extremely poor. Whereas larger clinical trials evaluated
specific treatment modalities, real-life data on individual multimodal
therapeutic strategies, given alone or in combination, are scarce.
Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical course of 18
pediatric patients with progression of or relapsed STS treated between 2008 and
2018 in our institution.
Results A total of 18 patients (median age 12.4 years) suffered from
progression or relapse of alveolar (n=7), embryonal (n=5),
undifferentiated (n=2) rhabdomyosarcoma or desmoplastic small round cell
tumor (n=4). 14 patents had an initial stage IV disease. All but one
patient died. Median survival was 12.5 months. Shortest survival was seen in
patients with systemic progression of the disease, longest in patients with
local relapse. Patients with an Oberlin score<2 at the time of relapse
had a significant longer time of survival than those with a score≥2. No
significant advantage of a specific therapeutic modality was observed.
Discussion We critically analyzed the clinical course in the real-life
setting, in which various treatment options were applied to an individual
patient according to the best of available data. We observed that some patients
died within a short period of time despite multiple treatment modalities, which
underlines the need for better prognostic parameters.
Conclusion In addition to well characterized clinical factors such as
local or systemic relapse, the Oberlin score could be helpful in counselling
patients and their families for choosing the best strategy of care.
Zur Koinzidenz von Normaldruckhydrocephalus und Alzheimer-Demenz:
therapeutische Implikationen und offene Fragen
Authors: Beeke Max , Homeyer Patricia , Brandt Moritz D. , Donix Markus , Haußmann Robert 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Normaldruckhydrocephalus (NPH) ist im höheren Lebensalter
häufig, eine klinische Unterversorgung von Patienten wahrscheinlich.
Nicht selten besteht eine komorbide Alzheimererkrankung. Die häufige
Koinzidenz lässt pathophysiologische Überschneidungen vermuten,
welche bislang aber unzureichend verstanden sind. Cerebrale
Komorbiditäten scheinen das therapeutische Ansprechen auf eine
ventrikuloperitoneale Shuntversorgung erheblich zu beeinflussen. Ihre
Würdigung im diagnostischen Prozess ist daher von großer
Bedeutung, um dem häufig hochvulnerablen Patientenklientel wenig
erfolgsversprechende operative Prozeduren zu ersparen.
Psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische und psychosoziale Bedarfe in der
ambulanten Suchthilfe: Implikationen für eine integrierte
Suchtbehandlung
Authors: Salas David Gurrea , Neuenschwander Hans Jürg , Schwilk Michael , Lüddeckens Thomas , Pichler Eva-Maria , Scherbaum Norbert , Roser Patrik 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische und psychosoziale
Hilfebedarf in der ambulanten Suchthilfe wurde im Rahmen eines integrierten
Versorgungskonzepts mit Beteiligung von Einrichtungen der Suchtberatung und
Suchtbehandlung ermittelt.
Methodik Die prospektive Datenerhebung erfolgte zwischen dem 01.03.2020
und dem 30.04.2021 im Rahmen der erstmaligen Vorstellung in den beteiligten
Einrichtungen der Suchtberatung und Suchtbehandlung. Die Erfassung der
psychischen Belastung bei den teilnehmenden Personen, die sich in einer
Suchtberatung vorstellten (N=234), erfolgte mit Hilfe der
Brief-Symptom-Checklist (BSCL). Die psychosoziale Belastung bei den
teilnehmenden Personen, die sich in einem suchtmedizinischen Ambulatorium
vorstellten (N=198), wurde mit Hilfe des Kurzassessments zur Indikation
der psychosozialen Suchtberatung erfasst. In beiden Versorgungsstrukturen wurden
zudem soziodemografische und klinische Daten erhoben.
Ergebnisse 1.) In den Einrichtungen der Suchtberatung zeigte sich bei etwa
55% der Klient:innen eine klinisch auffällige psychische
Belastung. Diese Klient:innen hatten zudem häufiger Probleme mit
mehreren Substanzen sowie häufiger psychische Begleiterkrankungen,
insbesondere affektive Störungen. 2.) In den Einrichtungen der
Suchtbehandlung wiesen etwa 52% der Patient:innen eine Unzufriedenheit
bezüglich der finanziellen Situation und etwa 44%
bezüglich der Beschäftigungs- und Alltagssituation auf. Die
Unzufriedenheit mit der sozialen Situation und der Wohnsituation war mit jeweils
etwa 25% geringer ausgeprägt.
Schlussfolgerung Der psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische und psychosoziale
Hilfebedarf ist in beiden Versorgungsstrukturen hoch und erfordert ein
integriertes Versorgungssystem mit dem routinemäßigen Einsatz
standardisierter Assessments und einer koordinierten Zuweisungspraxis zwischen
Suchtberatung und Suchtbehandlung.
Massive Localized Abdominal Lymphedema: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Gogia Badri , Chekmareva Irina , Leonova Anastasiia , Alyautdinov Rifat , Karmazanovsky Grigory , Glotov Andrey , Kalinin Dmitry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMassive localized lymphedema (MLL) is a rare disease caused by the obstruction of lymphatic vessels with specific clinical morphological and radiological characteristics. People with morbid obesity are mainly affected by MLL. Lymphedema is easily confused with soft tissue sarcoma and requires differential diagnosis, both the possibility of an MLL and also carcinoma manifestations in the soft tissues. The possible causes of massive lymphedema include trauma, surgery, and hypothyroidism. This report is the first case of MLL treated surgically in the Russian Federation. Detailed computed tomography (CT) characteristics and an electron microscope picture of MLL are discussed. A 50-year-old woman (body mass index of 43 kg/m2) with MLL arising from the anterior abdominal wall was admitted to the hospital for surgical treatment. Its mass was 22.16 kg. A morphological study of the resected mass confirmed the diagnosis of MLL. We review etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of MLL. We also performed an electron-microscopic study that revealed interstitial Cajal-like cells telocytes not previously described in MLL cases. We did not find similar findings in the literature. It is possible that the conduction of an ultrastructural examination of MLL tissue samples will further contribute to the understanding of MLL pathogenesis.
Determinants of Inadequate Cardioprotection in Adult Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Sanetra Krzysztof , Gerber Witold , Buszman Piotr Paweł , Mazur Marta , Milewski Krzysztof , Kaźmierczak Paweł , Bochenek Andrzej 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Perioperative cardioprotection is essential for achieving satisfactory clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. It is important to understand the factors affecting perioperative cardioprotection.
Methods The institutional database was searched for patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF, < 40%) who underwent surgery with cardioplegia-induced arrest. Patients were divided into del Nido cardioplegia (DN) and cold blood cardioplegia (CB) groups. The relationships between age, preoperative blood parameters, creatinine, cross-clamp time (CCT), extracorporeal circulation time (ECT), and postoperative troponin values at 12 hours or deterioration of EF (≥5%) were evaluated. Baseline characteristics, operative parameters, and outcomes were analyzed.
Results There were 508 patients with reduced EF (331 DN and 177 CB). In the entire cohort, anemic patients had greater troponin values (p = 0.004) as well as in the DN group (p = 0.002). However, this was not detected in the CB group (flat regression line; p = 0.674). Patients with high leukocyte values had greater troponin release (entire cohort: p < 0.001; DN group: p < 0.001; CB group: steep regression line with p = 0.042). Longer CCT and ECT were associated with greater troponin release (entire cohort; both groups) and greater risk of fall in EF. In a direct comparison, fewer patients had significant deterioration of EF in the DN group than CB group (3.9 vs. 11.9%; p < 0.001).
Conclusion The use of CB cardioplegia may be beneficial in anemic patients, whereas the use of DN cardioplegia may be beneficial for expected long CCT and high leukocytosis.
“I don't have Huntington's disease”: the boundaries between acceptance and understanding
Authors: Franklin Gustavo Leite , Teive Hélio A. Ghizoni , Cardoso Francisco Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disease that leads to an inexorable progression of motor, cognitive and psychiatric disturbances. In the initial stages, the symptoms are not clearly disabling, and the patient may present a lack of awareness about the symptoms themselves, which we call anosognosia. However, anosognosia might not justify all passivity of the HD patient in face of the diagnosis. Patients may also experience the denial of illness, as a stage of grief, expected to happen in the face of the diagnosis of any neurodegenerative disorder. In addition, people with HD tend to be more apathetic, and more silent, in regular consultations. In the present article, the authors express a point of view, discussing the behavior of the HD patient, in which there is a multifactorial passivity, in the face of the diagnosis and of the disease itself. Having the proper knowledge of this situation may prepare the neurologist to better understand the patient and the evolution of the disease.
Shared Genes and Molecular Mechanisms between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Established by WGCNA Analysis
Authors: He Juan , Zhang Xin , Chen Xi , Xu Zongyao , Chen Xiaoqi , Xu Jiangyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer worldwide. The histopathological features, risk factors, and prognosis of HCC caused by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) appear to be significantly different from those of HCC caused by other etiologies of liver disease.Objective This article explores the shared gene and molecular mechanism between NAFLD and HCC through bioinformatics technologies such as weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), so as to provide a reference for comprehensive understanding and treatment of HCC caused by NAFLD.Methods NAFLD complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarrays (GSE185051) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and HCC ribonucleic acid (RNA)-sequencing data (RNA-seq data) from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NAFLD and HCC. Then, the clinical traits and DEGs in the two disease data sets were analyzed by WGCNA to obtain W-DEGs, and cross-W-DEGs were obtained by their intersection. We performed subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the cross-W-DEGs and established protein–protein interaction networks. Then, we identified the hub genes in them by Cytoscape and screened out the final candidate genes. Finally, we validated candidate genes by gene expression, survival, and immunohistochemical analyses.Results The GO analysis of 79 cross-W-DEGs showed they were related mainly to RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and its upstream transcription factors. KEGG analysis revealed that they were enriched predominantly in inflammation-related pathways (tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17). Four candidate genes (JUNB, DUSP1, NR4A1, and FOSB) were finally screened out from the cross-W-DEGs.Conclusion JUNB, DUSP1, NR4A1, and FOSB inhibit NAFLD and HCC development and progression. Thus, they can serve as potential useful biomarkers for predicting and treating NAFLD progression to HCC.
Impact of Obesity and Hyperglycemia on Pregnancy-specific Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Vesentini Giovana , Piculo Fernanda , Marini Gabriela , Barbosa Angélica Mércia Pascon , Corrente José Eduardo , Rudge Marilza Vieira Cunha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective The lack of data on the impact of hyperglycemia and obesity on the prevalence of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI) led us to conduct a cross-sectional study on the prevalence and characteristics of PSUI using validated questionnaires and clinical data.
Methods This cross-sectional study included 539 women with a gestational age of 34 weeks who visited a tertiary university hospital between 2015 and 2018. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of PSUI, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires. The women were classified into four groups: normoglycemic lean, normoglycemic obese, hyperglycemic lean, and hyperglycemic obese. The differences between groups were tested using descriptive statistics. Associations were estimated using logistic regression analysis and presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.
Results Prevalence rates of PSUI were no different between groups. However, significant difference in hyperglycemic groups worse scores for severe and very severe PSUI. When adjusted data for confound factors was compared with normoglycemic lean group, the hyperglycemic obese group had significantly higher odds for severe and very severe forms of UI using ICIQ-SF (aOR 3.157; 95% CI 1.308 to 7.263) and ISI (aOR 20.324; 95% CI 2.265 to 182.329) questionnaires and highest perceived impact of PSUI (aOR 4.449; 95% CI 1.591 to 12.442).
Conclusion Our data indicate that obesity and hyperglycemia during pregnancy significantly increase the odds of severe forms and perceived impact of PSUI. Therefore, further effective preventive and curative treatments are greatly needed.
Treatment and Management Experience of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis in a Low-income Country
Authors: Llancari Pedro Antonio , Ortiz Antonio , Becerra Juan , Muñoz Ricardo , Valeriano Christiam , Novoa Rommy Helena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective Reporting our experience of the management and treatment of Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) in a low-income country by describing patients characteristics and therapy with emphasis on conservative surgical excision and postoperative care as the cornerstone of treatment.
Methods A retrospective cohort of women with histopathological diagnosis of IGM from 2014 to 2018 at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal in Lima, Peru. Patients' characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment, management, postoperative care, and follow-up were analyzed.
Results Thirty-eight patients with histopathological diagnosis of IGM were identified. Their average age was 35.9 years and 23 (60.5%) reported previous use of hormonal contraceptives. Nine (23.7%) patients had chronic mastitis with previous treatment. The time from the onset of symptoms to the first clinic consult was 5.1 months on average. Twenty-one (55.3%) patients had the lesion in the right breast, with a mean size of 6.9 cm. Conservative surgical excision was performed in all patients. Additionally, 86.8% required corticosteroids and 78.9% were treated with antibiotics. Complete remission was obtained at 141 days on average (range 44 to 292 days). Six (15.8%) women reported ipsilateral recurrence and 5 (13.2%), contralateral. The latency time was 25.5 months on average.
Conclusion The conservative surgical treatment demonstrated and close follow-up made for a high cure rate, but with recurrence similar to that reported in the literature. Use of gloves is an alternative to manage post operative wounds in a low-income country. The most frequent adverse effect was breast surgical scar.
Developing a trusted human-AI network for humanitarian benefit
Authors: Devitt S. Kate , Scholz Jason , Schless Timo , Lewis Larry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligences (AI) will increasingly participate digitally and physically in conflicts yet there is a lack of trusted communications with humans for humanitarian purposes. For example, in disasters and conflicts messaging and social media are used to share information, however, international humanitarian relief organisations treat this information as unverifiable and untrustworthy. Furthermore, current AI implementations can be brittle, with a narrow scope of application and wide scope of ethical risks. Meanwhile, human error can cause significant civilian harms even by combatants committed to compliance with international humanitarian law. AI offers an opportunity to help reduce the tragedy of war and better deliver humanitarian aid to those who need it. However, to be successful, these systems must be trusted by humans and their information systems, overcoming flawed information flows in conflict and disaster zones that continue to be marked by intermittent communications, poor situation awareness, mistrust and human errors. In this paper, we consider the integration of a communications protocol (the ‘Whiteflag protocol’), distributed ledger ‘blockchain’ technology, and information fusion with artificial intelligence (AI), to improve conflict communications called “Protected Assurance Understanding Situation & Entities” (PAUSE). Such a trusted human-AI communication network could provide accountable information exchange regarding protected entities, critical infrastructure, humanitarian signals and status updates for humans and machines in conflicts. Trust-based information fusion provides resource-efficient use of diverse data sources to increase the reliability of reports. AI can catch human mistakes and complement human decision making, while human judgment can direct and override AI recommendations. We examine several realistic potential case studies for the integration of these technologies into a trusted human-AI network for humanitarian benefit including mapping a conflict zone with civilians and combatants in real time, preparation to avoid incidents and using the network to manage misinformation. We finish with a real-world example of a PAUSE-like network, the Human Security Information System (HSIS), being developed by USAID, that uses blockchain technology to provide a secure means to better understand the civilian environment.