bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using mixing models to study human paleodiets in central‐western Santa Cruz (Argentina) during Late Holocene
Authors: Chaile Cecilia , Tessone Augusto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring the final Late Holocene, there was a socio‐economic reorganization among the people in the central‐western of Santa Cruz, Argentina. Analysis of bone collagen revealed that hunter–gatherer groups maintained a consistent diet rich in steppe animal protein for the past 3000 years. However, there was a change in bioapatite δ13C values in the last 1000 years, indicating a shift in the whole diet that was not reflected in the protein component. This article seeks to evaluate the differential consumption of resources over time and between sexes among hunter–gatherer populations in the region. A total of 39 adult individuals of both sexes, recovered from stone burial structures with different chronologies, were analyzed. Quantitative diet reconstruction was achieved through the use of the Bayesian mixing model known as Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals (FRUITS). The results show that the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) was the most consumed animal throughout the studied period, considering both temporal and sex differences. Additionally, there is an increased importance of plant consumption in the last millennium, particularly among females. However, this can be the result of overrepresentation of this resource in our food web samples, due to the impossibility of resolving the origin of the carbon for the formation of bioapatite values.
Chain mediating role of negative affect and ego depletion between quarantine time and academic procrastination among university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Jie , Jiang Zixi , Luo Junlong , He Wen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough quarantine is an effective measure for containing the spread of COVID‐19 and reducing the number of infected individuals, it has had negative consequences on the emotional well‐being and academic performance of university students. To explore the influence mechanism of school quarantine time on academic procrastination among students, a survey research methodology was employed to assess quarantine time, negative affect, ego depletion, and academic procrastination among 538 Chinese university students, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software suite was used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that (1) there were significant positive correlations between school quarantine time and academic procrastination, (2) school quarantine time had no direct effect on academic procrastination, but it positively predicted negative affect and ego depletion, and (3) school quarantine time affected the levels of academic procrastination among university students through three indirect paths: the mediating role of negative affect, the mediating role of ego depletion, and the chain mediating role of both negative affect and ego depletion. This cross‐sectional study concludes that negative affect and ego depletion could mediate the association between school quarantine time and academic procrastination among university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Registration of ‘Successor’ barley: A two‐row, spring‐habit, feed cultivar with tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides and adaptation to dryland production
Authors: Morrissy Campbell P. , Carrijo Daniela , Filichkin Tanya , Fisk Scott P. , Helgerson Laura , Graebner Ryan , Brewer David , Hayes Patrick M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract‘Successor’ (Reg. no. CV‐377, PI 702593), experimental designation DH190481, is a two‐row spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. It is notable for tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides and can be planted in a rotation with crops that are treated with these chemicals. Successor is well adapted to dryland production in the Pacific Northwest and is being released as a feed cultivar. This assessment evaluated the cultivar in a multi‐environment cultivar trial in eastern Oregon and Washington and in an on‐farm trial at a commercial partner. It showed strong performance and matched or exceeded expectations set by the only other currently available imidazolinone‐tolerant cultivar adapted to the target growing region, Survivor.
DFT investigations on the mechanisms and kinetics for the DMS + O3 reaction
Authors: Wang Shuangjun , Zhao Hui , Chen Dong , Lu Chenggang , Tang Yizhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe potential energy surface (PES) for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was calculated at the CCSD(T)/6‐311++G(3df,2pd)//M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) levels of theory. Result shows that on the singlet PES the addition–elimination mechanism is dominant, and H‐abstraction mechanism is less competitive. The major channel starts from the addition of ozone and DMS leading to a weak intermediate IM1, which decomposes subsequently to DMSO and 1O2 via a barrier around 38.8 kJ/mol. With a barrier of 64.0 kJ/mol, the formation of HO3 + CH3SCH2 via H‐abstraction mechanism is subdominant. Besides, DMSO + 1O2 can take place further reactions to produce several products. The substitution mechanism was located on the triplet PES, however, with a rather high barrier it is negligible. Furthermore, the rate constants for the two channels leading to DMSO + 1O2 and HO3 + CH3SCH2 were calculated from 200 to 1000 K. The total rate constant is 1.13 × 10‐20 cm3·molecule‐1·s‐1 at 298 K and 1 atm, in good agreement with previous experimental data. The overall rate constants are positive temperature dependent in the whole temperature range.
The production of reactive chlorine species (RCS) by argon and helium plasma jets and the sensitivity of liver cancer cell HepG2 to RCS and H2O2 treatment
Authors: Raud Sirli , Raud Jüri , Aarik Lauri , Jõgi Indrek , Kivimäe Markus , Piller Carl‐Thomas , Plaas Mario , Plank Toomas , Talviste Rasmus , Teesalu Tambet , Vasar Eero 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated the production of reactive chlorine species (RCS) by Ar/O2 and He/O2 radiofrequency plasma jets in saline solution, and the sensitivity of the liver cancer cell line HepG2 to RCS and H2O2. Both plasma jets were able to produce RCS; however, at similar plasma powers, pressures, and feed gas flow rates, the He/O2 jet was more efficient for RCS production. The lower RCS yield in the case of the Ar/O2 plasma jet was mainly due to the higher RCS quenching. At a low production rate, RCS can be produced in the open air. Viability tests showed that HepG2 cells were more sensitive to H2O2 than RCS.
A gravimetric method to monitor transpiration under water stress conditions in wheat
Authors: Dixon Liam , Bellinger Brian , Carter Arron H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe water‐limited potential yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may be largely dependent on plant transpiration behavior. Research into plant transpiration dynamics is limited due to the difficulty of monitoring water use over an extended period of time. The advent of fully automated gravimetric platforms makes this research possible. The methods for using this equipment to study transpiration of wheat in water‐deficit environments are not well established. The objective of this greenhouse study was to develop a methodology to evaluate plant transpiration under terminal water stress using a gravimetric platform. Using a plant–pot system designed to limit nonplant water loss, the methodology proved capable of monitoring plant transpiration over a 42‐day period and detected significant differences between well‐watered and water‐stressed treatments. However, the high degree of variation in transpiration limited the system's ability to detect significant differences between genotypes of similar watering regimes. Both environmental and human error likely contributed to the observed variation. Recommendations are provided to reduce this variation and improve upon the methodology for future studies. This work lays the foundation for further research into plant water use and the identification of genotypes capable of high transpiration despite exposure to water‐deficit conditions.
An assessment of Arctic diurnal water‐vapour cycles in Canada's weather forecast model and ERA5
Authors: Hicks‐Jalali Shannon , Mariani Zen , Casati Barbara , Leroyer Sylvie , Lemay François , Crawford Robert W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe diurnal water‐vapour cycle is a critical component of the hydrological cycle, yet it is one of the hardest components to accurately reproduce in forecast and climate models. Previous studies have shown that both forecast and climate models underrepresent the diurnal water‐vapour cycle, which leads to errors in precipitation, cloud, and radiative transfer parameters. Most diurnal cycle studies were conducted in the Tropics, and very few model evaluations of this process exist for the Arctic. Additionally, the majority of studies focus on total column water‐vapour cycles; almost none use height‐resolved measurements. In this study, we evaluate the diurnal water‐vapour cycles in Environment and Climate Change Canada's Global Environmental Multiscale–High Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (GEM–HRDPS) numerical weather forecast model and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) using a Vaisala preproduction differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and a co‐located Global Positioning System (GPS) located in Iqaluit, Nunavut (63.75° N, 68.55° W). Both numerical products reproduce the phase of the diurnal cycle well below 1 km year‐round. However, ERA5's diurnal amplitudes are significantly smaller than the DIAL and GPS amplitudes. GEM–HRDPS amplitudes are consistently larger in the first few hundred metres but smaller above 1 km; it also underrepresents the amplitude of the total column diurnal cycle. Neither ERA5 nor GEM–HRDPS accurately reproduce the 12‐hr component of the diurnal cycle in either the height‐resolved or total column cycles. The inability to accurately reproduce the 12‐hr component in both numerical products suggests that the representation of some underlying process is incomplete, which can impact the accuracy of precipitation and radiative transfer algorithms. In conclusion, we find that the numerical products are able to reproduce the general behaviour and shape of the cycle but still require improvement at certain altitudes.
D‐vine‐copula‐based postprocessing of wind speed ensemble forecasts
Authors: Jobst David , Möller Annette , Groß Jürgen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrent practice in predicting future weather is the use of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to produce ensemble forecasts. Despite of enormous improvements over the last few decades, they still tend to exhibit bias and dispersion errors and, consequently, lack calibration. Therefore, these forecasts may be improved by statistical postprocessing. In this work, we propose a D‐vine‐copula‐based postprocessing for 10 m surface wind speed ensemble forecasts. This approach makes use of quantile regression related to D‐vine copulas, which is highly data driven and allows one to adopt more general dependence structures as the state‐of‐the‐art zero‐truncated ensemble model output statistic (tEMOS) model. We compare local and global D‐vine copula quantile regression (DVQR) models to the corresponding tEMOS models and their gradient‐boosting extensions (tEMOS‐GB) for different sets of predictor variables using one lead time and 60 surface weather stations in Germany. Furthermore, we investigate which types of training periods can improve the performance of tEMOS and the D‐vine‐copula‐based method for wind speed postprocessing. We observe that the D‐vine‐based postprocessing yields a comparable performance with respect to tEMOS if only wind speed ensemble variables are included and to substantial refinements if additional meteorological and station‐specific weather variables are integrated. As our main result, we note that, in the global setting, DVQR is able to provide better scores than tEMOS‐GB in general, whereas the local DVQR is able to substantially outperform the local tEMOS‐GB at particular stations admitting nonlinear relationships among the variables. In addition, we remark that training periods capturing seasonal patterns perform the best. Last but not least, we adapt a criterion for calculating the variable importance in D‐vine copulas and we outline which predictor variables are due to this approach the most important for the correction of wind speed ensemble forecasts.
Dynamic event‐triggered fault‐tolerant control through a new intermediate observer
Authors: Gu Yang , Shen Mouquan , Ahn Choon Ki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article presents a new dynamic triggering mechanism for fault‐tolerant control of linear systems. In this mechanism, the dynamic threshold is constructed by instantaneous and averaged triggering errors with its bounds. Consequently, it can be automatically adjusted between the bounds. A new intermediate observer is built in the proportional‐integral form to improve the estimation accuracy. The corresponding fault‐tolerant controller is explored to actively compensate unknown faults. By resorting to the Lyapunov stability theory, a sufficient condition is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities to make the closed‐loop system uniformly ultimately bounded with the required performance. The elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm version II (NSGA‐II) is adopted to realize the multiobjective optimization of the performance index and the allowable inter‐event time . Finally, the proposed scheme is verified with two simulation examples.
Output‐feedback H∞ control for IT‐2 T–S fuzzy system with hybrid attacks via switching‐like adaptive event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Tang Xiaoming , Xia Zidi , Lv Xiao , Yang Mingchuan , Wei Na 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, the switching‐like adaptive event‐triggered dynamic output feedback control for the interval type‐2 (IT‐2) Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy system over networks with hybrid attacks is investigated. The switching‐like adaptive event‐triggered mechanism (SAETM) is involved with the characteristic of dynamically adjusting trigger threshold according to the change of the system states and appropriately selecting the event‐triggered scheme in the light of the packet loss process is creatively proposed. The hybrid attack consisting of deception attack and aperiodic Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attack is considered, and the deception attack is expressed as the Bernoulli random variable, while the aperiodic DoS attack is characterized by the frequency and duration in view of the average dell‐time (ADT) technique. By applying the packet loss dependency multiple Lyapunov function technique and iterative method, the sufficient condition is derived to address the stability of NCS, and the existence condition is established to guarantee the prescribed performance of the controller. Finally, two simulation examples are applied to show the availability of the provided algorithm.
A new switching control for T‐S fuzzy systems with mixed time delays
Authors: Xu Mingchu , Xu Zhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAt present, the switching control methods based on time derivative of membership functions are not suitable for the T‐S fuzzy systems with non‐differentiable membership functions. In this paper, the switching control problem of T‐S fuzzy systems subject to mixed delays with non‐differentiable membership functions is studied. We use the difference between the real‐time and the stable membership value of the T‐S system as the basis for switching, and design two kinds of switching conditions. One is to combine the difference with the system matrices to adjust the description form of the system model. The other is to adjust the controller form by combining the difference value with the control gains. The proposed methods are also applicable to the case of the differentiable membership function. Compared with the switching condition using the derivative, the two proposed switching conditions both contain fewer unknown parameters and reduce the computational complexity. Three examples are given to illustrate the advancement and validity of the switching conditions.
Size‐Dependent Corrosion of Al‐Fe Intermetallic Particles at Al‐Mg Alloy Surfaces Investigated by In‐Liquid Nanoscale Potential Measurement Technique
Authors: Hirata Kaito , Okamoto Takahiro , Kitagawa Takuya , Tomitori Masahiko , Ozawa Takahiro , Fukuma Takeshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCorrosion of Al alloy often starts from the nanoscale corrosion around the surface‐exposed Al‐Fe intermetallic particles (IMPs) and leads to a serious damage limiting its application range in the automobile industry. To solve this issue, understanding of the nanoscale corrosion mechanism around the IMP is essential, yet it is impeded by the difficulties in directly visualizing nanoscale distribution of reaction activity. Here, this difficulty is overcomed by open‐loop electric potential microscopy (OL‐EPM) and investigate nanoscale corrosion behavior around the IMPs in H2SO4 solution. The OL‐EPM results reveal that the corrosion around a small IMP settles down in a short time (<30 min) after transient dissolution of the IMP surface while that around a large IMP lasts for a long time especially at its edges and results in a severe damage of the IMP and matrix. This result suggests that an Al alloy with many small IMPs gives a better corrosion resistance than that with few large IMPs if the total Fe content is the same. This difference is confirmed by corrosion weight loss test using Al alloys with different IMP sizes. This finding should give an important guideline to improve the corrosion resistance of Al alloy.
Structural Design Induced Electronic Optimization in Single‐Phase MoCoP Nanocrystal for Boosting Oxygen Reduction, Oxygen Evolution, and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Songlin , Ran Siyi , Shi Ning , Liu Maolin , Sun Wei , Yu Ying , Zhu Zhihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStructural and compositional design of multifunctional materials is critical for electrocatalysis, but their rational modulation and effective synthesis remain a challenge. Herein, a controllable one‐pot synthesis for construction of trifunctional sites and preparation of porous structures is adopted for synthesizing dispersed MoCoP sites on N, P codoped carbonized substance. This tunable synthetic strategy also endorses the exploration of the electrochemical activities of Mo (Co)‐based unitary, Mo/Co‐based dual and MoCo‐based binary metallic sites. Eventually benefiting from the structural regulation, MoCoP–NPC shows excellent oxygen reduction abilities with a half‐wave potential of 0.880 V, and outstanding oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution performance with an overpotential of 316 mV and 91 mV, respectively. MoCoP–NPC‐based Zn‐air battery achieves excellent cycle stability for 300 h and a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.50 V. When assembled in a water‐splitting device, MoCoP–NPC reaches 10 mA cm−2 at 1.65 V. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Co atom in the single‐phase MoCoP has a low energy barrier for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the migration of Co 3d orbital toward the Fermi level. This work shows a simplified method for controllable preparation of prominent trifunctional catalysts.
Controllable Fabrication and Rectification of Bipolar Nanofluid Diodes in Funnel‐Shaped Si3N4 Nanopores
Authors: Lei Xin , Zhang Jiayan , Hong Hao , Wei Jiangtao , Liu Zewen , Jiang Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSolid‐state nanopores attract widespread interest, owning to outstanding robustness, extensive material availability, as well as capability for flexible manufacturing. Bioinspired solid‐state nanopores further emerge as potential nanofluidic diodes for mimicking the rectification progress of unidirectional ionic transport in biological K+ channels. However, challenges that remain in rectification are over‐reliance on complicated surface modifications and limited control accuracy in size and morphology. In this study, suspended Si3N4 films of only 100 nm thickness are used as substrate and funnel‐shaped nanopores are controllably etched on that with single‐nanometer precision, by focused ion beam (FIB) equipped with a flexibly programmable ion dose at any position. A small diameter 7 nm nanopore can be accurately and efficiently fabricated in only 20 ms and verified by a self‐designed mathematical model. Without additional modification, funnel‐shaped Si3N4 nanopores functioned as bipolar nanofluidic diodes achieve high rectification by simply filling each side with acidic and basic solution, respectively. Main factors are finely tuned experimentally and simulatively to enhance the controllability. Moreover, nanopore arrays are efficiently prepared to further improve rectification performance, which has great potential for high‐throughput practical applications such as extended release of drugs, nanofluidic logic systems, and sensing for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.
Nonferrous Ferroptosis Inducer Manganese Molybdate Nanoparticles to Enhance Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Lei Huali , Li Quguang , Pei Zifan , Liu Lin , Yang Nailin , Cheng Liang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTumor immunotherapy is an important tool in oncology treatment. However, only a small percentage of patients have an effective immune response to tumor immunotherapy due to the poor infiltration of pro‐inflammatory immune cells in immune “cold” tumors and an immunosuppressive network in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Ferroptosis has been widely used as a novel strategy to enhance tumor immunotherapy. Herein, manganese molybdate nanoparticles (MnMoOx NPs) depleted the highly expressed glutathione (GSH) in tumors and inhibited glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, thus triggering ferroptosis, inducing immune cell death (ICD), further releasing damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and enhancing tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, MnMoOx NPs can efficiently suppress tumors, promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), infiltrate T cells, and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment, making the tumor an immune “hot” tumor. Combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) (α‐PD‐L1) further enhanced the anti‐tumor effect and inhibited metastases as well. The work provides a new idea for the development of nonferrous inducers of ferroptosis to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Influence of Oxygen Uptake on Pitch Carbon Fiber
Authors: Harrell Timothy M. , Scherschel Alexander , Love‐Baker Cole , Tucker Amy , Moskowitz Jeremy D. , Li Xiaodong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCarbon fiber precursor materials, such as polyacrylonitrile, pitch, and cellulose/rayon, require thermal stabilization to maintain structural integrity during conversion into carbon fiber. Thermal stabilization mitigates undesirable decomposition and liquification of the fibers during the carbonization process. Generally, the thermal stabilization of mesophase pitch consists of the attachment of oxygen‐containing functional groups onto the polymeric structure. In this study, the oxidation of mesophase pitch precursor fibers at various weight percentage increases (1, 3.5, 5, 7.5 wt%) and temperatures (260, 280, 290 °C) using in situ differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis is investigated. The results are analyzed to determine the effect of temperature and weight percentage increase on the stabilization process of the fibers, and the fibers are subsequently carbonized and tested for tensile mechanical performance. The findings provide insight into the relationship between stabilization conditions, fiber microstructure, and mechanical properties of the resulting carbon fibers.