bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitogenomic phylogenies suggest the resurrection of the subfamily Porrocaecinae and provide insights into the systematics of the superfamily Ascaridoidea (Nematoda: Ascaridomorpha), with the description of a new species of Porrocaecum
Authors: Gu Xiao-Hong , Guo Ning , Chen Hui-Xia , Sitko Jiljí , Li Lin-Wei , Guo Bing-Qian , Li Liang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The family Toxocaridae is a group of zooparasitic nematodes of veterinary, medical and economic significance. However, the evolutionary relationship of Porrocaecum and Toxocara, both genera currently classified in Toxocaridae, and the monophyly of the Toxocaridae remain under debate. Moreover, the validity of the subgenus Laymanicaecum in the genus Porrocaecum is open to question. Due to the scarcity of an available genetic database, molecular identification of Porrocaecum nematodes is still in its infancy.

Methods
A number of Porrocaecum nematodes collected from the Eurasian marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus) (Falconiformes: Accipitridae) in the Czech Republic were identified using integrated morphological methods (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular techniques (sequencing and analyzing the nuclear 18S, 28S and ITS regions). The complete mitochondrial genomes of the collected nematode specimens and of Porrocaecum (Laymanicaecum) reticulatum (Linstow, 1899) were sequenced and annotated for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses of ascaridoid nematodes based on the amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes of mitochondrial genomes were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference.

Results
A new species of Porrocaecum, named P. moraveci n. sp., is described based on the morphological and genetic evidence. The mitogenomes of P. moraveci n. sp. and P. reticulatum both contain 36 genes and are 14,517 and 14,210 bp in length, respectively. Comparative mitogenomics revealed that P.moraveci n. sp. represents the first known species with three non-coding regions and that P. reticulatum has the lowest overall A + T content in the mitogenomes of ascaridoid nematodes tested to date. Phylogenetic analyses showed the representatives of Toxocara clustered together with species of the family Ascarididae rather than with Porrocaecum and that P. moraveci n. sp. is a sister to P. reticulatum.

Conclusions
The characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of P. moraveci n. sp. and P. reticulatum is reported for the first time. Mitogenomic phylogeny analyses indicated that the family Toxocaridae is non-monophyletic and that the genera Porrocaecum and Toxocara do not have an affinity. The validity of the subgenus Laymanicaecum in Porrocaecum was also rejected. Our results suggest that: (i) Toxocaridae should be degraded to a subfamily of the Ascarididae that includes only the genus Toxocara; and (ii) the subfamily Porrocaecinae should be resurrected to include only the genus Porrocaecum. The present study enriches the database of ascaridoid mitogenomes and provides a new insight into the systematics of the superfamily Ascaridoidea.

Graphical Abstract
Exosomes derived from mir-214-3p overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells promote myocardial repair
Authors: Zhu Wenwu , Wang Qingjie , Zhang Jian , Sun Ling , Hong Xiu , Du Wei , Duan Rui , Jiang Jianguang , Ji Yuan , Wang Haoran , Han Bing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Exosomes are known as nanovesicles that are naturally secreted, playing an essential role in stem-mediated cardioprotection. This study mainly focused on investigating if exosomes derived from miR-214 overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show more valid cardioprotective ability in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its potential mechanisms.

Methods

Exosomes were isolated from control MSCs (Ctrl-Exo) and miR-214 overexpressing MSCs (miR-214
OE
-Exo) and then they were delivered to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in vitro under hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) condition or in vivo in an acutely infarcted Sprague-Dawley rat heart. Regulated genes and signal pathways by miR-214
OE
-Exo treatment were explored using western blot analysis and luciferase assay.

Results in vitro

, miR-214
OE
-Exo enhanced migration, tube-like formation in endothelial cells. In addition, miR-214
OE
-Exo ameliorated the survival of cardiomyocytes under H/SD. In the rat AMI model, compared to Ctrl-Exo, miR-214
OE
-Exo reduced myocardial apoptosis, and therefore reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function. Besides, miR-214
OE
-Exo accelerated angiogenesis in peri-infarct region. Mechanistically, we identified that exosomal miR-214-3p promoted cardiac repair via targeting PTEN and activating p-AKT signal pathway.

Conclusion
Exosomes derived from miR-214 overexpressing MSCs have greatly strengthened the therapeutic efficacy for treatment of AMI by promoting cardiomyocyte survival and endothelial cell function.

Graphical abstract
Hydraulic fracturing distributed acoustic sensing monitoring data source mechanism inversion: A Hessian-based method
Authors: Wu Shaojiang , Wang Yibo , Liang Xing 
Published: August 2023

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) microseismic monitoring during hydraulic fracturing provides microseismic data with high spatial samplings for fracturing zones. However, sources located perpendicular to the single horizontal well of the DAS acquisition system have limited source-receiver geometries with extremely poor azimuthal coverage, resulting in high uncertainty in source mechanism inversion. To address this problem, we introduce the Hessian matrix, which governs the blurring effect caused by the source-receiver geometry, into the DAS microseismic source mechanism inversion. Our Hessian-based source mechanism inversion method consists of three main steps: (1) construct the Hessian matrix of the source mechanism based on the source-receiver geometry, (2) obtain an initial source mechanism using a conventional source mechanism inversion method, and (3) update the initial source mechanism using a Hessian-based [Formula: see text]-regularized least-squares algorithm. We assess the robustness of our method using synthetic DAS microseismic data with the consideration of noise, source location error, and different regularization parameters, and we compare the results with those of the conventional method. The results demonstrate that the Hessian-based method has a remarkable ability to mitigate the blurring effect of the Hessian matrix caused by limited DAS source-receiver geometry with poor azimuthal coverage, thereby reducing the uncertainty of the inverted source mechanism even in the presence of real noise and/or source location error. Finally, we use our method to invert the source mechanism of a real DAS microseismic event acquired during hydraulic fracturing. Our Hessian-based method provides low uncertainty in the source mechanism inversion of the real DAS microseismic data.
Margin to Depth of Invasion Ratio: A Significant Predictor of Survival in Patients With Oral Cancer
Authors: Sultania Mahesh , Chaudhary Itisha , Jain Priyansh , Ghalige Hemanth , Rajan Dipin , G Sudhakar , K Raghuram , Muduly Dillip , Barik Sandip , Pathak Mona , Adhya Amit , Kar Madhabananda , Majumdar Saroj 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE A common definition of a clear margin (≥5 mm) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) for all stages is a subject of controversy. Studies have shown that even 1- and 2-mm margins are adequate, and few studies have identified dynamic resection margin as a criterion. We aimed to study the margin to depth of invasion ratio (MDR), margin to tumor thickness ratio (MTR), and margin to tumor size ratio (MSR) as prognostic markers for survival. Notably, to our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the role of MDR in OSCC. METHODS A prospectively maintained head and neck cancer database was analyzed from January 2017 to February 2023. The MDR, MTR, and MSR were calculated for each patient. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Cox proportional model and the Kaplan-Meier method. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used to compare different ratio models. X-tiles software was used to identify the optimal cutoff value of MDR. RESULTS Two hundred eighty patients in the database were assessed, of which 123 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. MDR was an independent predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) on multivariate analysis. The MDR model had the lowest values on AIC and BIC analyses. A cutoff value of 0.5 for MDR showed a significant correlation with DFS and overall survival. CONCLUSION MDR was the best predictor of recurrence of all the three ratios studied. The minimum safe surgical margin can be calculated by multiplying the depth of invasion by 0.5. This study signifies the role of dynamic resection margin criteria on the basis of MDR in defining clear margins.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Analogues as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Park Jeayoung , Ntelis Spyridon , Yunasan Elvina , Downton Katherine D , Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Munir Kashif M , Haq Nowreen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
Concomitant obesity is common among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), yet adjunctive therapy options are scarce.

Objective
We assess the efficacy and adverse outcomes of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues when used as adjunctive therapy for T1DM.

Method
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022. Efficacy outcomes were A1c level, body weight, and total daily insulin (TDI) after ≥12 weeks of GLP-1 therapy. We also assessed 12 different adverse outcomes. Subgroup analysis was done for newly diagnosed or C-peptide positive (C-pos) patients. We report the certainty of evidence based on the GRADE assessment tool.

Results
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included. Liraglutide had the most substantial evidence with effect sizes on A1c (−0.09%/mg), weight (−2.2 kg/mg), and TDI (−4.32 IU/mg). Liraglutide dose was the greatest predictor of greater average weight loss and TDI decrease but was associated with higher odds of nausea (OR 6.5; 95% CI, 5.0-8.4) and ketosis (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8). Odds of severe (OR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.43-1.04) or symptomatic hypoglycemia (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.53-1.51) were not significantly elevated. Among C-pos patients, greater A1c decrease (−0.51% vs −0.28%) but similar weight loss and TDI were seen. Effect sizes for exenatide were similar, but studies had higher risk of bias and safety data were sparse.

Conclusion
Our meta-analysis supports therapeutic benefits of liraglutide for patients with T1DM mainly for weight loss and insulin dose reduction. Newly diagnosed or C-pos patients do not appear to experience greater weight loss benefits.
Obesity-Related Hypogonadism in Women
Authors: Eng Pei Chia , Phylactou Maria , Qayum Ambreen , Woods Casper , Lee Hayoung , Aziz Sara , Moore Benedict , Miras Alexander D , Comninos Alexander N , Tan Tricia , Franks Steve , Dhillo Waljit S , Abbara Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Obesity-related hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a well-characterized condition in men (termed male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism; MOSH); however, an equivalent condition has not been as clearly described in women. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known to increase with obesity, but PCOS is more typically characterized by increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (and by proxy luteinizing hormone; LH) pulsatility, rather than by the reduced gonadotropin levels observed in MOSH. Notably, LH levels and LH pulse amplitude are reduced with obesity, both in women with and without PCOS, suggesting that an obesity-related secondary hypogonadism may also exist in women akin to MOSH in men. Herein, we examine the evidence for the existence of a putative non-PCOS “female obesity-related secondary hypogonadism” (FOSH). We précis possible underlying mechanisms for the occurrence of hypogonadism in this context and consider how such mechanisms differ from MOSH in men, and from PCOS in women without obesity. In this review, we consider relevant etiological factors that are altered in obesity and that could impact on GnRH pulsatility to ascertain whether they could contribute to obesity-related secondary hypogonadism including: anti-Müllerian hormone, androgen, insulin, fatty acid, adiponectin, and leptin. More precise phenotyping of hypogonadism in women with obesity could provide further validation for non-PCOS FOSH and preface the ability to define/investigate such a condition.
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear organoids recapitulate otic development in vitro
Authors: Doda Daniela , Alonso Jimenez Sara , Rehrauer Hubert , Carreño Jose F. , Valsamides Victoria , Di Santo Stefano , Widmer Hans R. , Edge Albert , Locher Heiko , van der Valk Wouter H. , Zhang Jingyuan , Koehler Karl R. , Roccio Marta 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Our molecular understanding of the early stages of human inner ear development has been limited by the difficulty in accessing fetal samples at early gestational stages. As an alternative, previous studies have shown that inner ear morphogenesis can be partially recapitulated using induced pluripotent stem cells directed to differentiate into inner ear organoids (IEOs). Once validated and benchmarked, these systems could represent unique tools to complement and refine our understanding of human otic differentiation and model developmental defects. Here, we provide the first direct comparisons of the early human embryonic otocyst and fetal sensory organs with human IEOs. We use multiplexed immunostaining and single-cell RNA-sequencing to characterize IEOs at three key developmental steps, providing a new and unique signature of in vitro-derived otic placode, epithelium, neuroblasts and sensory epithelia. In parallel, we evaluate the expression and localization of crucial markers at these equivalent stages in human embryos. Together, our data indicate that the current state-of-the-art protocol enables the specification of bona fide otic tissue, supporting the further application of IEOs to inform inner ear biology and disease.
Sublobar resection in non-small cell lung cancer: patient selection criteria and risk factors for recurrence
Authors: Park Sohee , Lee Sang Min , Choe Jooae , Choi Sehoon , Kim Sehee , Do Kyung-Hyun , Seo Joon Beom 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To validate selection criteria for sublobar resection in patients with lung cancer with respect to recurrence, and to investigate predictors for recurrence in patients for whom the criteria are not suitable.

Methods:
Patients who underwent sublobar resection for lung cancer between July 2010 and December 2018 were retrospectively included. The criteria for curative sublobar resection were consolidation-to-tumor ratio ≤0.50 and size ≤3.0 cm in tumors with a ground-glass opacity (GGO) component (GGO group), and size of ≤2.0 cm and volume doubling time ≥400 days in solid tumors (solid group). Cox regression was used to identify predictors for time-to-recurrence (TTR) in tumors outside of these criteria (non-curative group).

Results:
Out of 530 patients, 353 were classified into the GGO group and 177 into the solid group. In the GGO group, the 2-year recurrence rates in curative and non-curative groups were 2.1 and 7.7%, respectively (p = 0.054). In the solid group, the 2-year recurrence rates in curative and non-curative groups were 0.0 and 28.6%, respectively (p = 0.03). Predictors of 2-year TTR after non-curative sublobar resection were pathological nodal metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 6.63; p = 0.02) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI; HR, 3.28; p = 0.03) in the GGO group, and LVI (HR, 4.37; p &lt; 0.001) and fibrosis (HR, 3.18; p = 0.006) in the solid group.

Conclusion:
The current patient selection criteria for sublobar resection are satisfactory. LVI was a predictor for recurrence after non-curative resection.

Advances in knowledge:
This result supports selection criteria of patients for sublobar resection. LVI may help predict recurrence after non-curative sublobar resection.
Utilization of health insurance by patients admitted for dental surgical procedures at a tertiary care hospital in Coastal Karnataka: a retrospective study
Authors: Bhat Bhargav , Vasthare Ramprasad , Singla Nishu , Nayak Prajna P , Kumar Ashwini , Singla Ritesh 
Published: August 2023

Background: There are various medical insurance options available in India. However, unlike many other countries, dental insurance plans are rare. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of various government and private health insurance schemes by patients admitted for dental surgical procedures at a tertiary care hospital in coastal Karnataka, India. Methods: A study was conducted retrospectively to gather data on the socio-demographics, bill details, insurance, and benefits claimed by patients admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at a tertiary care hospital from May 2016 to September 2022. Results: Out of 1750 patients, only 856 (48.9%) patients have availed of insurance, 395 patients (22.6%) utilized government health insurance policies, and 461 patients (26.3%) availed of private health insurance plans. Among Government schemes, primarily Ayushman Bharat-Arogya Karnataka was used by 262 (30.6%) patients, followed by Employees' State Insurance Scheme by 110 (12.9%) patients. Among private schemes, 212 (24.8%) patients used the policies purchased by them, 19 (2.2%) patients’ medical expenses were paid by their employers, 105 (12.3%) patients utilized Manipal Arogya Suraksha and 124 (14.5%) patients used Medicare provided by the hospital. Bivariate linear regression confirmed that the total bill amount, out-of-pocket expenditure by the patient, and insurance amount reimbursed to the hospital were significantly associated with the type of insurance (government vs. private). The study noticed a gradual rise in insured patients every year. Conclusion: Greater utilization of health insurance should be encouraged because the cost of dental treatment has always hindered the use of oral health services worldwide. This study highlights that the benefit available to the patients were mainly through general health insurance schemes, not specifically dental health insurance. Insurance schemes covering dental must be promoted more aggressively in the media, highlighting their available benefits, merits, and demerits.
When educators are locked down: transitioning an international faculty development program from in-person to online during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Lio Jonathan , Fromme H. Barrett , Dong Hongmei , Jiang Ivy , Sherer Renslow 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced international faculty development programs in medical education to forgo in-person activities and transition to online learning. We sought to examine changes in international medical educators’ evaluations of our faculty development program as it transitioned due to the pandemic. Methods: We compared survey responses from participants in our International Medical Educators Program between 2019 (in-person) and 2020 (online). The 43-item survey addressed aspects such as program evaluation and self-assessment of curriculum development and teaching skills. We analyzed data using t-tests to compare means and chi-square test for categorical variables and performed thematic analysis of open-ended responses. Results: We found that trainees in both cohorts rated the program highly with regard to overall program quality and self-assessed learning outcomes, but the 2019 group reported stronger relationships with peers and instructors. Some scores for self-assessed outcomes were lower for the 2020 class, but no statistically significant differences were found in pre- and post- training scores between the two cohorts. Four themes emerged from the feedback: positive program utility, IMEP as an example of good curriculum design, timing issues, and online learning environment challenges. Discussion: Despite pandemic challenges, the transition to online faculty development was favorably evaluated, with high confidence in the applicability of learned skills. Future efforts should focus on fostering community and optimizing interaction times to enhance learning experiences. The study contributes insights for global medical education communities in pandemic circumstances.
Gauging the learning environment at Damascus University Pharmacy School in Syria using the DREEM questionnaire: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alfakhry Ghaith , Saymeh Rowaida , Jamous Issam , Alhomsi Khaled 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: This study was undertaken to provide the first record of evaluation of the educational environment of the Bachelor of Pharmacy program at Damascus University (DU), Syria using the internationally adopted Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) tool and compare it with other pharmacy schools around the world. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at DU Pharmacy School in 2022. The validated DREEM 50-item inventory was added to Google Forms and used to collect data electronically. River sampling and snowball sampling methods were used. Data was collected during the second term between April 2022 and June 2022. Students from all years were included. Results: A total of 269 students completed the questionnaire; that is about 6.7% of the total population. The Cronbach’s alpha of the DREEM questionnaire was 0.94. The total DREEM score was 89.8±32.1/200. Senior students scored significantly less on the DREEM scale than their younger counterparts. DU Pharmacy School scored significantly less on the total DREEM score than its other counterparts around the world with a large effect size (d>0.80). All subscales scored below 50% and the lowest scoring subscales were students’ perception of learning (SPL=41.8%) and students’ perception of the social environment (SSP=42.5%). Conclusions: The findings implied that the educational environment is in need of major improvement, especially in areas related to teaching and learning practices and the general social environment; failure to address the current issues in the learning environment might hinder learning and clinical practice of the future generation of pharmacists. This study provides a quality improvement map which could be used preciously address the areas that need most attention at DU Pharmacy School.