bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dentine thickness in maxillary fused molars depends on the fusion type: An ex vivo micro‐computed tomography study
Authors: Keskin Cangül , Toplu Defne , Keleş Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to determine and compare the dentine thickness around the root canals of maxillary molars with fusion using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodologyA total of 120 fused maxillary molars having more than a single canal with distinct canal orifices near the cementoenamel junction were selected from a pool of extracted maxillary molars, which were scanned on a micro‐CT device (SkyScan 1172, Bruker‐microCT). The minimum dentine thickness around the root canals in furcal direction was measured using CTAn software (v.1.18.8 Bruker‐microCT) at each millimetre. The specimens were grouped according to their fusion type, and dentine thickness around the canals was compared. The data were statistically analysed using anova and post hoc Tukey–Kramer tests following an assessment of the normality of their distribution with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (p < .05).ResultsDentine thickness showed a statistically significant decrease at 2 mm apical to the orifice level irrespective of fusion type. The minimum dentine thickness values were detected around the second mesiobuccal canal as 0.30 mm at 6 mm below orifice. Dentine thickness around the mesiobuccal canal was significantly greater in fusion type 1 than those of types 2 and 3 (p < .05), while those of distobuccal and palatal canals were significantly thinner in type 3 fusion compared with type 1 or 6 (pDentine thickness showed a statistically significant decrease at 2 mm apical to the orifice level irrespective of fusion type. The minimum dentine thickness values were detected around the second mesiobuccal canal as 0.30 mm at 6 mm below orifice. Dentine thickness around the mesiobuccal canal was significantly greater in fusion type 1 than those of types 2 and 3 (ConclusionMinimum dentine thickness values at the danger zone of distobuccal and palatal canals change according to the fusion type in fused maxillary second molars.
Effects of sintering and zirconmullite doping on nanostructural vacancies of bovine hydroxyapatite by positron techniques
Authors: Akay Leyla Nur , Kalkandelen Cevriye , Akti Necmettin , Sengul Merve Sazimet , Tav Cumali , Yahsi Ugur , Erkmen Ziya Engin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, the nanostructural vacancy behavior of bovine derived hydroxyapatite (BHA) doped with powder zirconmullite (ZM) contents of 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 wt.% were presented at sintering temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300°C. ZM‐doped BHA (ZM‐BHA) was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Density and hardness behavior were measured with respect to increasing sintering temperature. PALS results indicate that the longest lifetime component τ3 of ortho‐positronium (o‐Ps) localized at open spaces is attributed to the vacancy site and almost constant with the ZM contents and the sintering temperatures to have a mean value of 0.680 ns (corresponding to the radius of 0.997 nm). This average value is ascribed to the OH group defects along the main crystalline line. On the other hand, the o‐Ps intensity attributed to the number of vacancy sites increases almost linearly with ZM additives and sintering temperatures. The intensity is also related to the density and hardness of ZM‐BHA in terms of ZM contents.
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) attraction to commercial pollen substitutes and wildflower pollen in vitro
Authors: Manaswi Atreya , Noordyke Emily , Prouty Cody , Ellis James D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany beekeepers feed their western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies artificial pollen substitutes to provide colonies with adequate nutrition during times of limited pollen quantity or quality. We provided caged worker bees commercially available pollen substitutes (AP23, MegaBee, UltraBee) and wildflower pollen in a choice‐test to determine their relative attraction to/preference for the diets. We measured diet consumption by honey bees and observed honey bee behaviour to evaluate bee preferences for certain diets. The bees interacted with and consumed more wildflower pollen than they did any of the commercially available pollen substitutes. Our data suggest that bees have a strong preference for wildflower pollen over commercially available pollen substitutes.
Infant egg consumption during introduction to solid food remains low in the United Kingdom but increases with infant age and a baby‐led weaning approach
Authors: Rowan Hannah , Brown Amy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a nutritious food‐providing protein, essential fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine and choline eggs have historically been central to an infant weaning diet. However, food poisoning scares and allergy concerns have contributed to low consumption among infants aged 6–12 months.MethodsThis paper presents a secondary data analysis of infant egg exposure and intake using three weaning data sets: a 7‐day food frequency questionnaire (n = 297), a 24‐h recall (n = 180) and a 3‐day weighed food diary (n = 71). Egg introduction, frequency of consumption and intake in grams were analysed for infants aged 6–8, 9–10 and 11–12 months). Comparisons were made by whether infants were following a baby‐led approach to weaning (where infants self‐feed family foods) or a traditional approach where pureed foods are given alongside finger foods. Data were collected in the United Kingdom between 2015 and 2018.ResultsOur data showed that despite introduction being recommended from the start of weaning at 6 months of age by the Department of Health, just 54% of infants aged 6–8 months had ever been offered eggs. Average egg intake was one to two times per week, increasing with age. However, in terms of frequency and grams consumed, our data suggest a small increase in consumption compared with previous research, although limitations of our smaller sample size should be noted. Finally, a baby‐led approach was associated with increased exposure and consumption; baby‐led infants consumed eggs twice as frequently as spoon‐fed infants.ConclusionsThe findings have important implications for public health messaging and for supporting families in introducing solid foods.
INF2 mutations in patients with a broad phenotypic spectrum of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Park Jin Hee , Kwon Hye Mi , Nam Da Eun , Kim Hye Jin , Nam Soo Hyun , Kim Sang Beom , Choi Byung‐Ok , Chung Ki Wha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMutations in INF2 are associated with the complex symptoms of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). To date, more than 100 and 30 genes have been reported to cause these disorders, respectively. This study aimed to identify INF2 mutations in Korean patients with CMT. This study was conducted with 743 Korean families with CMT who were negative for PMP22 duplication. In addition, a family with FSGS was included in this study. INF2 mutations were screened using whole exome sequencing (WES) and filtering processes. As the results, four pathogenic INF2 mutations were identified in families with different clinical phenotypes: p.L78P and p.L132P in families with symptoms of both CMT and FSGS; p.C104Y in a family with CMT; and p.R218Q in a family with FSGS. Moreover, different CMT types were observed in families with CMT symptoms: CMT1 in two families and Int‐CMT in another family. Hearing loss was observed in two families with CMT1. Pathogenicity was predicted by in silico analyses, and considerable conformational changes were predicted in the mutant proteins. Two mutations (p.L78P and p.C104Y) were unreported, and three families showed de novo mutations that were putatively occurred from fathers. This study suggests that patients with INF2 mutations show a broad phenotypic spectrum: CMT1, CMT1 + FSGS, CMTDIE + FSGS, and FSGS. Therefore, the genotype‐phenotype correlation may be more complex than previously recognized. We believe that this study expands the clinical spectrum of patients with INF2 mutations and will be helpful in the molecular diagnosis of CMT and FSGS.
Creating something new from past experiences—The meaning of change in repeated narratives
Authors: Järdmo Caroline , Eriksson Py Liv , Malm Ida , McLean Kate C. , Frisén Ann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveNarrative identity is an essential level of personality, and to develop, the life narrative should entail both stability and change. In this study, we examine the meaning of change in repeated narratives about occupational experiences.MethodFifty‐nine individuals were interviewed at age 25, 29, and 33. In these interviews 544 narratives and 142 sets of repeated narratives were identified, of these 39 sets of repeated narratives had changed between interviews. A thematic narrative analysis was conducted focusing on the meaning of change in repeated narratives.ResultsThe analysis resulted in five narrative themes: Gaining insights about one's identity, transforming views of past challenges, increasing agency, increasing motivation for occupational commitments, and accentuating competence and importance. In the context of occupational experiences, the results from the narrative themes illuminate how narrators repeatedly engage with the same narrative to elaborate their narrative identity.ConclusionThis study presents a novel method for capturing identity development, which show that changes in repeated narratives can entail important information about identity growth as well as the way narrators create new stories of their previous experiences in order to continue to make sense of their lives.
What is social structural explanation? A causal account
Authors: Ross Lauren N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSocial scientists appeal to various “structures” in their explanations including public policies, economic systems, and social hierarchies. Significant debate surrounds the explanatory relevance of these factors for various outcomes such as health, behavioral, and economic patterns. This paper provides a causal account of social structural explanation that is motivated by Haslanger (2016). This account suggests that social structure can be explanatory in virtue of operating as a causal constraint, which is a causal factor with unique characteristics. A novel causal framework is provided for understanding these explanations–this framework addresses puzzles regarding the mysterious causal influence of social structure, how to understand its relation to individual choice, and what makes it the main explanatory (and causally responsible) factor for various outcomes.
Exploring the metabolic basis of growth/defense trade‐offs in complex environments with Nicotiana attenuata plants cosilenced in NaMYC2a/b expression
Authors: Yang Caiqiong , Bai Yuechen , Halitschke Rayko , Gase Klaus , Baldwin Gundega , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: January 2023

Summary

In response to challenges from herbivores and competitors, plants use fitness‐limiting resources to produce (auto)toxic defenses. Jasmonate signaling, mediated by MYC2 transcription factors (TF), is thought to reconfigure metabolism to minimize these formal costs of defense and optimize fitness in complex environments.

To study the context‐dependence of this metabolic reconfiguration, we cosilenced NaMYC2a/b by RNAi in Nicotiana attenuata and phenotyped plants in the field and increasingly realistic glasshouse setups with competitors and mobile herbivores.

NaMYC2a/b had normal phytohormonal responses, and higher growth and fitness in herbivore‐reduced environments, but were devastated in high herbivore‐load environments in the field due to diminished accumulations of specialized metabolites. In setups with competitors and mobile herbivores, irMYC2a/b plants had lower fitness than empty vector (EV) in single‐genotype setups but increased fitness in mixed‐genotype setups. Correlational analyses of metabolic, resistance, and growth traits revealed the expected defense/growth associations for most sectors of primary and specialized metabolism. Notable exceptions were some HGL‐DTGs and phenolamides that differed between single‐genotype and mixed‐genotype setups, consistent with expectations of a blurred functional trichotomy of metabolites.

MYC2 TFs mediate the reconfiguration of primary and specialized metabolic sectors to allow plants to optimize their fitness in complex environments.
Local auxin biosynthesis regulates brace root angle and lodging resistance in maize
Authors: Zheng Zhigang , Wang Baobao , Zhuo Chuyun , Xie Yurong , Zhang Xiaoming , Liu Yanjun , Zhang Guisen , Ding Hui , Zhao Binbin , Tian Manqing , Xu Miaoyun , Kong Dexin , Shen Rongxin , Liu Qing , Wu Guangxia , Huang Junfei , Wang Haiyang 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Root lodging poses a major threat to maize production, resulting in reduced grain yield and quality, and increased harvest costs.

Here, we combined expressional, genetic, and cytological studies to demonstrate a role of ZmYUC2 and ZmYUC4 in regulating gravitropic response of the brace root and lodging resistance in maize.

We show that both ZmYUC2 and ZmYUC4 are preferentially expressed in root tips with partially overlapping expression patterns, and the protein products of ZmYUC2 and ZmYUC4 are localized in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. The Zmyuc4 single mutant and Zmyuc2/4 double mutant exhibit enlarged brace root angle compared with the wild‐type plants, with larger brace root angle being observed in the Zmyuc2/4 double mutant. Consistently, the brace root tips of the Zmyuc4 single mutant and Zmyuc2/4 double mutant accumulate less auxin and are defective in proper reallocation of auxin in response to gravi‐stimuli. Furthermore, we show that the Zmyuc4 single mutant and the Zmyuc2/4 double mutant display obviously enhanced root lodging resistance.

Our combined results demonstrate that ZmYUC2‐ and ZmYUC4‐mediated local auxin biosynthesis is required for normal gravity response of the brace roots and provide effective targets for breeding root lodging resistant maize cultivars.
Tracing Slow Phenoptosis to the Prenatal Stage in Social Vertebrates
Authors: Leake David W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Vladimir Skulachev’s coining of the term “phenoptosis” 25 years ago (Skulachev, V. P., Biochemistry (Moscow), 62, 1997) highlighted the theoretical possibility that aging is a programmed process to speed the exit of individuals posing some danger to their social group. While rapid “acute phenoptosis” might occur at any age (e.g., to prevent spread of deadly infections), “slow phenoptosis” is generally considered to occur later in life in the form of chronic age-related disorders. However, recent research indicates that risks for such chronic disorders can be greatly raised by early life adversity, especially during the prenatal stage. Much of this research uses indicators of biological aging, the speeding or slowing of natural physiological deterioration in response to environmental inputs, leading to divergence from chronological age. Studies using biological aging indicators commonly find it is accelerated not only in older individuals with chronic disorders, but also in very young individuals with health problems. This review will explain how accelerated biological aging equates to slow phenoptosis. Its occurrence even in the prenatal stage is theoretically supported by W. D. Hamilton’s proposal that offsprings detecting they have dangerous mutations should then automatically speed their demise, in order to improve their inclusive fitness by giving their parents the chance to produce other fitter siblings.
Unnecessary hospitalisations and polypharmacy practices in Tajikistan: a health system evaluation for strengthening primary healthcare
Authors: Jullien Sophie , Mirsaidova Manzura , Hotamova Sitora , Huseynova Dilbar , Rasulova Gulnora , Yusupova Shoira , Zulfiya Abdusamatzoda , Weber Martin , Carai Susanne 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundChildren and pregnant women require multiple contacts with the healthcare system. While most conditions can be managed by primary healthcare (PHC) providers, hospitalisations are common. This health system evaluation in Tajikistan quantifies unnecessary and unnecessarily prolonged hospitalisations and assesses antibiotic and polypharmacy practices.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from randomly selected medical records from 15 hospitals. Inclusion criteria were children 2–59 months of age with a primary diagnosis of acute respiratory infection or diarrhoea, or pregnant women with threatened preterm labour, threatened miscarriages, premature rupture of membranes or mild pre-eclampsia, hospitalised between January and September 2021.ResultsAmong 440 children and 422 pregnant women, unnecessary hospitalisations accounted for 40.5% and 69.2% of hospitalisations, respectively, ranging from 0% to 92.7% across the hospitals. Among necessary hospitalisations, 63.0% and 39.2% were unnecessarily prolonged in children and women, respectively.Prior to admission, 36.8% of children had received antibiotics, in which more than half intramuscularly. During hospitalisation, 92.5% of children and 28.9% of women received antibiotics. Children and women received an average of 5 and 6.5 drugs, respectively; most were not indicated or with no evidence of benefits.ConclusionsThe methodology is applicable across all health systems and can provide important insights on health service use and resource waste. Findings of this assessment in Tajikistan have led to evidence-based decisions and actions from stakeholders and policy makers with the goal of strengthening PHC and improving the management of common diseases in children and pregnant women.
Authentic leadership at the Cleveland Clinic: psychological safety in the midst of crisis
Authors: Porter Tracy Hopkins , Peck Jessica A , Bolwell Brian , Stoller James K 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThe goal of this research was to examine the leadership experiences of senior leaders at the Cleveland Clinic during the recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis. A secondary goal was to examine lessons that could inform other healthcare organisations as they move into subsequent crisis situations.DesignThe authors examined publicly available podcast transcripts where interviewees shared their leadership experiences on the Cleveland Clinic Beyond Leadership Podcast.Setting/participantsTwenty-one publicly available qualitative transcripts were examined inductively and deductively to assess how authentic leadership principles were applied to the experiences noted.Principal findingsDeductively, the four leadership behaviours of authentic leadership (ie, relational transparency, internalised moral perspectives, balanced processing of information and self-awareness) were noted in the transcripts. Inductively, the participants also identified the importance of developing an organisational culture rooted in psychological safety which allowed individuals from all levels of the organisation to voice their ideas, concerns and thoughts. As part of a psychologically safe culture, it was also important to understand the influence of hierarchy in healthcare, ways to encourage employee voice and the uniqueness of leadership during crisis.Practical applicationsWe first offer insights about the importance of psychological safety, particularly during a crisis. Second, we offer a number of ways that other healthcare organisations might strive to build on their own approach to authentic leadership and develop an organisational culture built on psychological safety.
Faster lung function decline in people living with HIV despite adequate treatment: a longitudinal matched cohort study
Authors: Thudium Rebekka Faber , Ronit Andreas , Afzal Shoaib , Çolak Yunus , Forman Julie Lyng , Mendo Fernando , Chen Fabian , Estrada Vicente , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Nordestgaard Børge G , Lundgren Jens , Vestbo Jørgen , Kunisaki Ken M , Nielsen Susanne Dam 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionChronic lung disease is common among people living with HIV (PLWH). We hypothesised that PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have faster lung function decline than matched controls.MethodsWe performed a prospective matched cohort study by including ART-treated PLWH from the Copenhagen Co-morbidity in HIV Infection Study (n=705) and the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment Pulmonary Substudy (n=425) and frequency matched population controls from the Copenhagen General Population Study (n=2895) in a 1:3 ratio. Eligible participants were ≥25 years old and had two spirometry tests separated by at least 2 years of follow-up. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline (mL/year) was compared between PLWH and controls using a linear mixed model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and smoking status. Effect modification by smoking was investigated in subgroup analyses.ResultsThe majority of PLWH were virally suppressed (96.1%). The adjusted mean annual decline in FEV1was faster in PLWH than in controls with 36.4 (95% CI 33.7 to 39.1) vs 27.9 (95% CI 26.9 to 28.8) mL/year, yielding a difference of 8.5 (95% CI 5.6 to 11.4) mL/year. The association between HIV and FEV1decline was modified by smoking, with the largest difference in current smokers (difference: 16.8 (95% CI 10.5 to 23.0) mL/year) and the smallest difference in never-smokers (difference: 5.0 (95% CI 0.7 to 9.3) mL/year). FEV1decline >40 mL/year was more prevalent in PLWH (adjusted OR: 1.98 (95% CI 1.67 to 2.34)).ConclusionWell-treated PLWH have faster lung function decline than controls and smoking seems to modify this association, suggesting that smoking may lead to more rapid lung function decline in PLWH than in controls.
Holographic dark energy from the laws of thermodynamics with Rényi entropy
Authors: Manoharan Manosh T. , Shaji N. , Mathew Titus K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between the holographic principle and the laws of thermodynamics in explaining the late-time acceleration of the universe. First, we explore the possibilities of generating the standard holographic dark energy (SHDE) from the laws of horizon thermodynamics. Except for entropies that follow an exponent stretched area law, unless we redefine the horizon temperature, we found it challenging to construct a one-to-one correspondence between the dark energies defined by the holographic principle and the laws of thermodynamics. Secondly, in SHDE models, unless we invoke some phenomenological interactions, it is impossible to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration with the Hubble horizon as the IR cutoff. On the other hand, it is possible to induce dark energy as an integration constant using the laws of thermodynamics on the Hubble horizon. These motivated us to explore a feasible way to invoke the holographic principle from the laws of horizon thermodynamics. We show that the additional terms that appear in the modified Friedmann equations on using entropies other than the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy in the first law of thermodynamics can behave like a dynamic holographic dark energy (HDE). We study the features of such an HDE with Rényi entropy as the choice without considering any non-standard interactions. Interestingly, the resulting form of dark energy reduces to the standard cosmological constant when Rényi entropy reduces to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. By examining different parameters, we affirm the validity of our approach to dark energy, which respects both holographic principle and thermodynamics.