bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus δ-toxin present on skin promotes the development of food allergy in a murine model
Authors: Yamada Hiromichi , Kaitani Ayako , Izawa Kumi , Ando Tomoaki , Kamei Anna , Uchida Shino , Maehara Akie , Kojima Mayuki , Yamamoto Risa , Wang Hexing , Nagamine Masakazu , Maeda Keiko , Uchida Koichiro , Nakano Nobuhiro , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Ogawa Hideoki , Okumura Ko , Shimizu Toshiaki , Kitaura Jiro 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPatients with food allergy often suffer from atopic dermatitis, in which Staphylococcus aureus colonization is frequently observed. Staphylococcus aureus δ-toxin activates mast cells and promotes T helper 2 type skin inflammation in the tape-stripped murine skin. However, the physiological effects of δ-toxin present on the steady-state skin remain unknown. We aimed to investigate whether δ-toxin present on the steady-state skin impacts the development of food allergy.Material and methodsThe non-tape-stripped skins of wild-type, KitW-sh/W-sh, or ST2-deficient mice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) with or without δ-toxin before intragastric administration of OVA. The frequency of diarrhea, numbers of jejunum or skin mast cells, and serum levels of OVA-specific IgE were measured. Conventional dendritic cell 2 (cDC2) in skin and lymph nodes (LN) were analyzed. The cytokine levels in the skin tissues or culture supernatants of δ-toxin-stimulated murine keratinocytes were measured. Anti-IL-1α antibody-pretreated mice were analyzed.ResultsStimulation with δ-toxin induced the release of IL-1α, but not IL-33, in murine keratinocytes. Epicutaneous treatment with OVA and δ-toxin induced the local production of IL-1α. This treatment induced the translocation of OVA-loaded cDC2 from skin to draining LN and OVA-specific IgE production, independently of mast cells and ST2. This resulted in OVA-administered food allergic responses. In these models, pretreatment with anti-IL-1α antibody inhibited the cDC2 activation and OVA-specific IgE production, thereby dampening food allergic responses.ConclusionEven without tape stripping, δ-toxin present on skin enhances epicutaneous sensitization to food allergen in an IL-1α-dependent manner, thereby promoting the development of food allergy.
Interleukin-10-alveolar macrophage cell membrane-coated nanoparticles alleviate airway inflammation and regulate Th17/regulatory T cell balance in a mouse model
Authors: Li Jun-Da , Yin Jia 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundAllergic airway disease (AAD) is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and hyperresponsiveness. Although exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10) alleviates allergic inflammation, it has a short half-life in vivo. Cell membrane-coated nanomaterials have been shown to protect therapeutic payloads and increase therapeutic efficacy.ObjectiveThis study was aimed at investigating the efficacy of a novel macrophage-based nanoparticle drug for the treatment of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway diseases.MethodsIL-10-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were encapsulated in alveolar macrophage cell membranes. An allergic airway disease mouse model was established by repeated inhalation of HDM extracts. The mice were treated with free IL-10, IL-10-PLGA nanoparticles (IL10-NP), or IL-10-alveolar macrophage cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (IL10-AMNP). The therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring airway hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammation, cytokine levels, and regulatory T cells (Treg)- T-helper 17 (Th17) cell balance.ResultsCompared to free IL-10, IL10-AMNP significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and T-helper 2 (Th2)/Th17 cytokines and inhibited neutrophilia and eosinophilia recruitment into the airways of HDM-induced mouse models. Additionally, the balance between Tregs and Th17 cells was significantly improved in groups treated with IL10-AMNP.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that PLGA nanoparticle cores coated with alveolar macrophage cell membranes can effectively deliver therapeutic cytokines to the lungs and improve the homeostatic balance between Tregs and Th17 cells. These findings suggest that macrophage-based nanoparticle drugs represent a promising approach for treating allergic airway diseases.
Major cardiovascular events and associated factors among routine hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease at tertiary care hospital in Somalia
Authors: Farah Yusuf Mohamud Mohamed , Nur Adan Faduma , Osman Omar Jeele Mohamed , Ahmed Mohamed A. M. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionCardiovascular complications are the most significant cause of death in patients undergoing routine hemodialysi (HD) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The main objective of this study is to determine the significant cardiac events and risk factors in patients undergoing routine hemodialysis in Somalia.MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional retrospective study in a single dialysis center in Somalia. Two hundred out of 224 were included. All of them had ESRD and were on hemodialysis during the study period between May and October 2021. The records of all patients were reviewed, and the following parameters were analyzed socio-demographic factors, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and the presence of cardiovascular diseases.ResultsThe mean age was 54 ± 17.5 years (range 18–88 years), and 106 (53%) patients were males. The prevalence of a cardiovascular disease among hemodialysis patients was 29.5%. Moreover, the distribution of cardiovascular diseases was different; heart failure was the most common, about 27.1%, followed by coronary artery disease (17%), pericarditis and pericardial-effusion (13.6%), dysrhythmia (10.2%), cerebrovascular-accident (8.5%), and peripheral vascular disease (3.4%). About 176 (88%) participants had at least one modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. The most common modifiable cardiovascular risk factor was hypertension (n = 45, 25.1%), followed by anemia (n = 28, 15.6%) and diabetes (n = 26, 14.5%). Younger (18–30) participants were six times less likely to have cardiovascular events among hemodialysis than older age 0.4 (0.11–1.12).ConclusionLow prevalence rate of cardiovascular complications was confirmed in ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis in the main HD center in Somalia. Diabetes, anemia, and hypertension were the highest significant risk factors for CVD in HD patients with ESRD in Somalia.
Eye movements and ERP biomarkers for face processing problems in avoidant attachment-style individuals
Authors: Gu Simeng , Jiang Yao , Liu Mei , Li Yumeng , Liang Yuan , Feng Rou , Xu Minghong , Wang Fushun , Huang Jason H. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundAvoidant attachment poses a serious risk to intimate relationships and offspring. However, there are few studies on the face-processing characteristics and impairments of avoidant individuals based on basic emotion theory. Therefore, this study investigated the issues of emotional processing and deactivation strategies in individuals with avoidant attachment.MethodsAvoidant and secure individuals were recruited to participate in an eye-tracking experiment and a two-choice oddball task in which they had to distinguish facial expressions of basic emotions (sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and neutral). Eye fixation durations to various parts of the face, including the eyes, nose, and mouth, were measured, and three event-related potentials (ERP) components (P100, N170, and P300) were monitored.ResultsAvoidant individuals could not process facial expressions as easily as secure individuals. Avoidant individuals focused less on the eyes of angry faces when compared to secure individuals. They also exhibited a more positive P100 component and a less negative N170 component when processing faces and a larger amplitude of the P300 component than secure individuals when processing emotional expressions.ConclusionAvoidant individuals use deactivating strategies and exhibit specific characteristics at different stages, which are of great significance in social interaction.
Neuroimaging mechanisms of acupuncture on functional reorganization for post-stroke motor improvement: a machine learning-based functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Lu Mengxin , Du Zhongming , Zhao Jiping , Jiang Lan , Liu Ruoyi , Zhang Muzhao , Xu Tianjiao , Wei Jingpei , Wang Wei , Xu Lingling , Guo Haijiao , Chen Chen , Yu Xin , Tan Zhongjian , Fang Jiliang , Zou Yihuai 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveMotor recovery is crucial in stroke rehabilitation, and acupuncture can influence recovery. Neuroimaging and machine learning approaches provide new research directions to explore the brain functional reorganization and acupuncture mechanisms after stroke. We applied machine learning to predict the classification of the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for motor improvement and identify the neuroimaging features, in order to explore brain functional reorganization and acupuncture mechanisms for motor recovery after stroke.MethodsIn this study, 49 patients with unilateral motor pathway injury (basal ganglia and/or corona radiata) after ischemic stroke were included and evaluated the motor function by Fugl–Meyer Assessment scores (FMA) at baseline and at 2-week follow-up sessions. Patients were divided by the difference between the twice FMA scores into one group showing minimal clinically important difference (MCID group, n = 28) and the other group with no minimal clinically important difference (N-MCID, n = 21). Machine learning was performed by PRoNTo software to predict the classification of the patients and identify the feature brain regions of interest (ROIs). In addition, a matched group of healthy controls (HC, n = 26) was enrolled. Patients and HC underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination in the resting state and in the acupuncture state (acupuncture at the Yanglingquan point on one side) to compare the differences in brain functional connectivity (FC) and acupuncture effects.ResultsThrough machine learning, we obtained a balance accuracy rate of 75.51% and eight feature ROIs. Compared to HC, we found that the stroke patients with lower FC between these feature ROIs with other brain regions, while patients in the MCID group exhibited a wider range of lower FC. When acupuncture was applied to Yanglingquan (GB 34), the abnormal FC of patients was decreased, with different targets of effects in different groups.ConclusionFeature ROIs identified by machine learning can predict the classification of stroke patients with different motor improvements, and the FC between these ROIs with other brain regions is decreased. Acupuncture can modulate the bilateral cerebral hemispheres to restore abnormal FC via different targets, thereby promoting motor recovery after stroke.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=37359, ChiCTR1900022220.
Scanner agnostic large-scale evaluation of MS lesion delineation tool for clinical MRI
Authors: Hindsholm Amalie Monberg , Andersen Flemming Littrup , Cramer Stig Præstekjær , Simonsen Helle Juhl , Askløf Mathias Gæde , Magyari Melinda , Madsen Poul Nørgaard , Hansen Adam Espe , Sellebjerg Finn , Larsson Henrik Bo Wiberg , Langkilde Annika Reynberg , Frederiksen Jette Lautrup , Højgaard Liselotte , Ladefoged Claes Nøhr , Lindberg Ulrich 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPatients with MS are MRI scanned continuously throughout their disease course resulting in a large manual workload for radiologists which includes lesion detection and size estimation. Though many models for automatic lesion segmentation have been published, few are used broadly in clinic today, as there is a lack of testing on clinical datasets. By collecting a large, heterogeneous training dataset directly from our MS clinic we aim to present a model which is robust to different scanner protocols and artefacts and which only uses MRI modalities present in routine clinical examinations.MethodsWe retrospectively included 746 patients from routine examinations at our MS clinic. The inclusion criteria included acquisition at one of seven different scanners and an MRI protocol including 2D or 3D T2-w FLAIR, T2-w and T1-w images. Reference lesion masks on the training (n = 571) and validation (n = 70) datasets were generated using a preliminary segmentation model and subsequent manual correction. The test dataset (n = 100) was manually delineated. Our segmentation model https://github.com/CAAI/AIMS/ was based on the popular nnU-Net, which has won several biomedical segmentation challenges. We tested our model against the published segmentation models HD-MS-Lesions, which is also based on nnU-Net, trained with a more homogenous patient cohort. We furthermore tested model robustness to data from unseen scanners by performing a leave-one-scanner-out experiment.ResultsWe found that our model was able to segment MS white matter lesions with a performance comparable to literature: DSC = 0.68, precision = 0.90, recall = 0.70, f1 = 0.78. Furthermore, the model outperformed HD-MS-Lesions in all metrics except precision = 0.96. In the leave-one-scanner-out experiment there was no significant change in performance (p &lt; 0.05) between any of the models which were only trained on part of the dataset and the full segmentation model.ConclusionIn conclusion we have seen, that by including a large, heterogeneous dataset emulating clinical reality, we have trained a segmentation model which maintains a high segmentation performance while being robust to data from unseen scanners. This broadens the applicability of the model in clinic and paves the way for clinical implementation.
In-depth mining of single-cell transcriptome reveals the key immune-regulated loops in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Wang Wencan , Lin Peng , Wang Siyu , Zhang Guosi , Chen Chong , Lu Xiaoyan , Zhuang Youyuan , Su Jianzhong , Wang Hong , Xu Liangde 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAge-related macular degeneration (AMD), an ever-increasing ocular disease, has become one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. Recent advances in single-cell genomics are improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of AMD. However, the pathophysiology of this multifactorial disease is complicated and still an ongoing challenge. To better understand disease pathogenesis and identify effective targets, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the single-cell transcriptome of AMD.MethodsThe cell expression specificity of the gene (CESG) was selected as an index to identify the novel cell markers. A computational framework was designed to explore the cell-specific TF regulatory loops, containing the interaction of gene pattern signatures, transcription factors regulons, and differentially expressed genes.ResultsThree potential novel cell markers were DNASE1L3 for endothelial cells, ABCB5 for melanocytes, and SLC39A12 for RPE cells detected. We observed a notable change in the cell abundance and crosstalk of fibroblasts cells, melanocytes, schwann cells, and T/NK cells between AMD and controls, representing a complex cellular ecosystem in disease status. Finally, we identified six cell type related and three disease-associated ternary loops and elaborated on the robust association between key immune-pathway and AMD.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study facilitates the optimization of screening for AMD-related receptor ligand pathways and proposes to further improve the interpretability of disease associations from single-cell data. It illuminated that immune-related regulation paths could be used as potential diagnostic markers for AMD, and in the future, also as therapeutic targets, providing insights into AMD diagnosis and potential interventions.
The Nutrient Rich Food Price Index: a nutrition-relevant adaptation of the Laspeyres price index to track the cost of affordable nutrient density
Authors: Mendoza-Velázquez Alfonso , Guzmán-Rodríguez Mariano , Lara-Arévalo Jonathan , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe Laspeyres price index is the ratio of the current cost of a market basket of commodities or food groups relative to base period prices.ObjectiveTo develop a nutrition-relevant version of the Laspeyres price index, using market baskets based on tertiles of the nutrient rich food (NRF9.3) nutrient density metric.MethodsNutrient composition data for 151 foods from the 2012 Mexico national health and nutrition survey (ENSANUT) were merged with food prices and price indices from the national institute of geography and statistics (INEGI). Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF9.3) was the measure of nutrient density. May 2012 was the base period. Nutrient rich food price index (NRFPI) values were calculated for each tertile of NRF nutrient density scores for each month between June 2011 and March 2022.ResultsThe market basket of foods in the top tertile of NRF nutrient density scores cost more per 100 kcal and had higher NRFPI values compared to foods in the bottom tertile. Higher NRF9.3 scores were correlated with greater monthly inflation. The NRFPI for foods in the top tertile of NRF9.3 scores was marked by seasonal price spikes, and greater volatility compared to foods in the bottom tertile.ConclusionThe present adaptation of the Laspeyres Index used market baskets defined by nutrient density tertiles instead of commodity groups. This approach allows for easier tracking of the cost of nutrient dense foods and healthful diets across geographic regions and over time. Applied to Mexico food prices prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, the NRFPI was sensitive to time trends, seasonality, and price fluctuations. The new tool may be useful in monitoring the rising cost of healthy foods worldwide.
Clinicopathological characteristics and cancer-specific prognosis of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma: a population study of the US SEER database and a Chinese hospital
Authors: Zhang Qun , Dai Yuan , Jin Linling , Shi Shuangshuang , Liu Chang , Rong Rong , Sun Wenkui , Dai Shanlin , Kong Hui , Xie Weiping 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPrimary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare histological type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for less than 1% of NSCLC. Currently, there is no well-recognized treatment guideline for PPLELC.MethodsWe identified PPLELC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset between 2000 and 2015 (n = 72) as well as from our medical center between 2014 and 2020 (n = 16). All diagnoses were confirmed by pathological testing, and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were retrieved and summarized. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests. Multivariate survival analysis was performed with the Cox regression hazards model.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis of the PPLELC cohort was 64 years, ranging from 15 to 86 years. The percentages of patients with TNM stages I, II, III, and IV were 52.3%, 10.2%, 20.5%, and 17.0%, respectively. Among the 88 cases, lesion resection was performed in 69 cases (78.4%), 16 cases (18.1%) received beam radiation, and 40 cases (45.5%) underwent chemotherapy. In the SEER dataset of lung cancer, the percentage of PPLELC in the Asian race (0.528‰) was almost 10 times higher than that in the white (0.065‰) and black (0.056‰) races. Patients with TNM stage III–IV exhibited a worse prognosis than those with TNM stage I–II (p = 0.008), with a 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate of 81.8% for TNM stage I–II and 56.2% for TNM stage III–IV. Specifically, the N stage and M stage were the leading prognostic factors, not the T stage and tumor size. Moreover, patients who underwent surgery had significantly better outcomes than those who did not (p = 0.014). Additional multivariate analysis indicated that the TNM stage was an independent prognosis factor for CSS (HR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.08–10.14).ConclusionPPLELC is a rare tumor with Asian susceptibility. Although the prognosis of PPLELC is better than that of other subtypes of NSCLC, it remains unsatisfactory for advanced-stage disease. The current treatment options for PPLELC include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapy. Among these options, patients with surgical resection have better survival rates in this study. However, large-scale clinical research trials will be necessary to develop effective treatment guidelines for PPLELC.
Frequency and characterization of cognitive impairments in patients diagnosed with paediatric central nervous system tumours: a systematic review
Authors: Sciancalepore Francesco , Fabozzi Francesco , Albino Giulia , Del Baldo Giada , Di Ruscio Valentina , Laus Beatrice , Menegatti Danilo , Premuselli Roberto , Secco Domitilla Elena , Tozzi Alberto Eugenio , Lacorte Eleonora , Vanacore Nicola , Carai Andrea , Mastronuzzi Angela ,   Allena-Mente Study Group
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThis systematic review has been conducted with the aim of characterizing cognitive deficits and analyzing their frequency in survivors of paediatric Central Nervous System tumours.Materials and methodsAll literature published up to January 2023 was retrieved searching the databases “PubMed”, “Cochrane”, “APA PsycInfo” and “CINAHL”. The following set of pre-defined inclusion criteria were then individually applied to the selected articles in their full-text version: i) Retrospective/prospective longitudinal observational studies including only patients diagnosed with primary cerebral tumours at ≤ 21 years (range 0-21); ii) Studies including patients evaluated for neuro-cognitive and neuro-psychological deficits from their diagnosis and/or from anti-tumoral therapies; iii) Studies reporting standardized tests evaluating patients’ neuro-cognitive and neuro-psychological performances; iv) Patients with follow-ups ≥ 2 years from the end of their anti-tumoral therapies; v) Studies reporting frequencies of cognitive deficits.Results39 studies were included in the analysis. Of these, 35 assessed intellectual functioning, 30 examined memory domains, 24 assessed executive functions, 22 assessed attention, 16 examined visuo-spatial skills, and 15 explored language. A total of 34 studies assessed more than one cognitive function, only 5 studies limited their analysis on a single cognitive domain. Attention impairments were the most recurrent in this population, with a mean frequency of 52.3% after a median period post-treatment of 11.5 years. The other cognitive functions investigated in the studies showed a similar frequency of impairments, with executive functions, language, visuospatial skills and memory deficits occurring in about 40% of survivors after a similar post-treatment period. Longitudinal studies included in the systematic review showed a frequent decline over time of intellectual functioning.ConclusionsSurvivors of paediatric Central Nervous System tumours experience cognitive sequelae characterized by significant impairments in the attention domain (52.3%), but also in the other cognitive functions. Future studies in this research field need to implement more cognitive interventions and effective, but less neurotoxic, tumour therapies to preserve or improve neurocognitive functioning and quality of life of this population.