bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-based identification of Gaia astrometric exoplanet orbits
Authors: Sahlmann Johannes , Gómez Pablo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The third Gaia data release (DR3) contains ∼170 000 astrometric orbit solutions of two-body systems located within ∼500 pc of the Sun. Determining component masses in these systems, in particular of stars hosting exoplanets, usually hinges on incorporating complementary observations in addition to the astrometry, e.g. spectroscopy and radial velocities. Several Gaia DR3 two-body systems with exoplanet, brown-dwarf, stellar, and black hole components have been confirmed in this way. We developed an alternative machine learning approach that uses only the Gaia DR3 orbital solutions with the aim of identifying the best candidates for exoplanets and brown-dwarf companions. Based on confirmed substellar companions in the literature, we use semisupervised anomaly detection methods in combination with extreme gradient boosting and random forest classifiers to determine likely low-mass outliers in the population of non-single sources. We employ and study feature importance to investigate the method’s plausibility and produced a list of 20 best candidates, of which two are exoplanet candidates and another five are either very massive brown dwarfs or very low mass stars. Three candidates, including one initial exoplanet candidate, correspond to false-positive solutions where longer-period binary star motion was fitted with a biased shorter-period orbit. We highlight nine candidates with brown-dwarf companions for preferential follow-up. The companion around the Sun-like star G 15-6 could be confirmed as a genuine brown dwarf using external radial-velocity data. This new approach is a powerful complement to the traditional identification methods for substellar companions among Gaia astrometric orbits. It is particularly relevant in the context of Gaia DR4 and its expected exoplanet discovery yield.
The Quasar Feedback Survey: zooming into the origin of radio emission with e-MERLIN
Authors: Njeri Ann , Harrison Chris M , Kharb Preeti , Beswick Robert , Calistro-Rivera Gabriela , Circosta Chiara , Mainieri Vincenzo , Molyneux Stephen , Mullaney James , Sasikumar Silpa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present 6 GHz e-MERLIN observations of 42 $z\lt 0.2$ type 1 and type 2 mostly radio-quiet quasars ($L_{\rm [O\,{\small III}]}\gtrsim 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$; $L_{\rm AGN}\gtrsim 10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$) from the Quasar Feedback Survey. The nature and origin of radio emission in these types of sources is typically ambiguous based on all-sky, low-resolution surveys. With e-MERLIN, we investigate radio emission on sub-kiloparsec scales ($\sim$10s–100s pc). We find 37/42 quasars are detected, with a diversity of radio morphologies, including compact cores, knots, and extended jet-like structures, with sizes of 30–540 pc. Based on morphology and brightness temperature, we classify 76 per cent of the quasars as radio-AGN, compared to the $\sim$57 per cent identified as radio-AGN at the $\sim$1–60 kpc scales probed in prior studies. Combining results from e-MERLIN and the Very Large Array, 86 per cent reveal a radio-AGN. On average, $\sim$60 per cent of the total radio flux is resolved away in the e-MERLIN maps, and is likely dominated by jet-driven lobes and outflow-driven shocks. We find no significant differences in measured radio properties between type 1 and type 2 quasars, and estimate sub-relativistic jet speeds of $\sim$0.2–0.3c and modest jet powers of $P_\mathrm{jet} \approx \times 10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$ for the few targets, where these measurements were possible. These quasars share characteristics with compact radio-selected populations, and the global radio emission likely traces strong interactions between the AGN (jets/outflows) and their host galaxy ISM from 10s parsec to 10s kiloparsec scales.
Jaccoud’s arthropathy secondary to leprosy
Authors: Viana Izabela Prado , Figueiroa Maria de Lourdes Castro de Oliveira , Argollo Beatriz Paixão , Pinto Gustavo Luiz Behrens , Santiago Mittermayer Barreto 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Jaccoud’s arthropathy is a deforming, nonerosive form of arthritis initially described in patients with rheumatic fever. However, it has been recently observed more frequently in those with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cases of Jaccoud’s arthropathy have also been described to be associated with other conditions. Herein, we describe the case of a 64-year-old Brazilian man who exhibited Jaccoud’s arthropathy associated with leprosy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on this association.
Dual functional nanoplatforms potentiate osteosarcoma immunotherapy via microenvironment modulation
Authors: Lu Shunyi , Yang Yuqi , Song Zhuorun , Cao Jie , Han Zhihui , Chen Linfu , He Yunfei , Wang Jiayi , Teng Yun , Zhang Zengli , Zou Jun , Ge Jun , Yang Huilin , Cheng Liang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma (OS), a highly aggressive bone tumor, presents significant challenges in terms of effective treatment. We identified that cellular autophagy was impaired within OS by comparing clinical OS samples through bioinformatic analyses and further validated the inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy in OS at the transcriptomic level. Based on this finding, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a dual functional metal nanoplatform (MnSx) to facilitate a transition from the protective effect of low-level autophagy in OS to the killing effect of high-level autophagy in OS. MnSx facilitated intracellular H2S generation via endocytosis, leading to the S-sulfhydration of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) and subsequent promotion of mitochondrial autophagy in vitro. Additionally, MnSx activated the cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, further enhancing the cellular autophagic response and accelerating tumor cell death. Moreover, it was demonstrated in vivo that MnSx, on the one hand, mediated the activation of tumor autophagy by USP8 via intracellular H2S, while Mn2+ promoted the maturation of dendritic cells, activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes and contributed to tumor eradication. Such tumor killing could be suppressed by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Importantly, synergistic combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors showed promise for achieving complete remission of OS. This study highlights the potential of MnSx as a dual-functional therapeutic platform for OS treatment and offers novel directions for future research in this field.
Exploring Predictors of Treatment Response to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Yammine Luba , de Dios Constanza , Suchting Robert , Green Charles E , Nielsen David A , Walss-Bass Consuelo , Schmitz Joy M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Understanding predictors of smoking cessation medication efficacy facilitates the ability to enhance treatment effectiveness. In our pilot trial, exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, adjunct to nicotine patch improved smoking abstinence compared to nicotine patch alone. This secondary analysis explores potential baseline characteristics associated with differential treatment response to exenatide.

Aims and Methods
The parent trial randomized (1:1) 84 smokers with prediabetes and/or overweight to once-weekly placebo or exenatide, 2 mg, subcutaneously. All participants received nicotine patch (21 mg) and brief smoking cessation counseling, with biologically confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence at week 6 (end-of-treatment) deemed the primary outcome. Bayesian generalized linear modeling explored differential response to treatment as a function of baseline patient characteristics, including demographic, psychosocial, clinical, smoking-related, and genetic factors. Posterior probability (PP) ≥ 75% that an effect exists was taken as a minimum threshold of evidence in favor of model effects.

Results
Exenatide showed stronger benefit versus placebo in participants who smoked &gt;20 cigarettes per day (PP = 81.7%) and in those without prediabetes (PP = 76.0%) or obesity (PP = 94.4%). Exenatide’s efficacy was observed only in individuals with no/minimal depression symptoms but not in those with symptoms (PP = 91.2%). Finally, exenatide was more efficacious than placebo only in those with the CHRNA rs16969968 GG genotype (PP = 88.6%).

Conclusions
The effect of exenatide on abstinence may be moderated by the number of cigarettes smoked daily, metabolic, psychological, and genetic factors. Larger prospective investigations are needed to confirm and extend these findings.

Implications
Understanding predictors of smoking cessation medication efficacy enhances the ability to improve treatment effectiveness. In our pilot trial, extended-release exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, adjunct to nicotine patch, improved smoking abstinence in smokers with prediabetes and/or overweight. The current post-hoc analysis found that the effect of exenatide on smoking abstinence may be moderated by the number of cigarettes smoked daily, metabolic, psychological, and genetic factors. Larger investigations are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
Patient Characteristics and Outcomes by Sex and Smoking Status in Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Gaalema Diann E , Zhang Yu , Howard George , Menson Katherine E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Those with established symptomatic cardiopulmonary disease should attend secondary prevention programs. Attendance at these programs is known to differ by sex and smoking status, with females and those who smoke being less likely to attend. However, little is known about whether the risk factors of being female and smoking are cumulative, and how outcomes from secondary prevention differ by these subgroups. Accordingly, we sought to examine patient characteristics at entry and outcomes of those attending pulmonary (PR) and cardiac rehabilitation (CR) by sex and smoking status.

Aims and Methods
Data were from patients enrolled in programs participating in a national registry between 2013 and 2021 (PR) or 2012 and 2021 (CR). Variables examined included: age, sex, race, educational attainment, insurance coverage, qualifying diagnosis, BMI, number of PR/CR sessions attended, baseline, and change in, psychosocial (depression and anxiety symptoms) and physical function and fitness measures (6-minute walk distance [6MWD]/metabolic equivalents [METs]).

Results
Analyses included 41 087 PR and 447 921 CR patients. Current smoking was reported in 14.3% (PR) and 8.4% (CR) of patients. Across PR/CR, at baseline, current smoking and female sex were both associated with higher depression scores, lower fitness/function measures, and fewer sessions. Both current smoking and female sex were significantly associated with less improvement in 6MWD, METs, and depression scores within CR.

Conclusions
Both sex and smoking status are important risk factors for those entering secondary prevention programs. Females who smoke have higher risk factors at entry, attend fewer sessions, and, within CR, improve less in fitness/function.

Implications
This study uses large national registries to replicate and expand upon prior findings that both female sex and current smoking are associated with higher-risk profiles when entering secondary prevention programs. Additionally, this study demonstrates that current smoking and female sex are also associated with less improvement during secondary prevention, especially within cardiac rehabilitation.
Preference for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Access Among Men who Have Sex With Men in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Huang Wenting , Stegmueller Daniel , Sales Jessica M , Mi Guodong , Yu Fei , Liu Yufen , Sullivan Patrick S , Siegler Aaron J , Ong Jason J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective but not widely used by men who have sex with men (MSM; 27%) in China.

Methods
In June 2023, an online cross-sectional survey with a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was distributed to PrEP-eligible MSM in China who were at least 18 years old. The DCE explored attributes of PrEP modality (daily pill, on-demand pill, injections, implants), clinical care model (same-day, 2-visit, telehealth prescription), medication pickup (clinic, community health center, pharmacy, MSM-focused community-based organization, home delivery), enhanced support (self-management, smartphone app, text reminder, anonymous peer support group), and cost.

Results
A total of 1013 MSM completed the survey; the average age was 31 years, and a quarter had used PrEP. The most influential attributes were cost (relative importance: 64.6%), followed by PrEP modality (27.7%), medication pickup (4.0%), enhanced support (3.5%), and clinical care model (0.2%). The most preferred ways to access PrEP were no-cost on-demand pill, medication home delivery, self-management, and telehealth. The predicted uptake of on-demand PrEP was higher than other modalities, increasing from 22% with no subsidy to 79% with full subsidy, holding the other 3 attributes constant.

Conclusions
Chinese MSM have strong preferences regarding accessing PrEP: Low cost is a critical priority, especially important because medication and clinical care are currently entirely unsubsidized in China. Preferences for on-demand PrEP and home delivery indicate methods that the health care system can utilize to best meet the needs of MSM and factors that should be incorporated into future interventions.
Flexible inference in heterogeneous and attributed multilayer networks
Authors: Contisciani Martina , Hobbhahn Marius , Power Eleanor A , Hennig Philipp , De Bacco Caterina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Networked datasets can be enriched by different types of information about individual nodes or edges. However, most existing methods for analyzing such datasets struggle to handle the complexity of heterogeneous data, often requiring substantial model-specific analysis. In this article, we develop a probabilistic generative model to perform inference in multilayer networks with arbitrary types of information. Our approach employs a Bayesian framework combined with the Laplace matching technique to ease interpretation of inferred parameters. Furthermore, the algorithmic implementation relies on automatic differentiation, avoiding the need for explicit derivations. This makes our model scalable and flexible to adapt to any combination of input data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in detecting overlapping community structures and performing various prediction tasks on heterogeneous multilayer data, where nodes and edges have different types of attributes. Additionally, we showcase its ability to unveil a variety of patterns in a social support network among villagers in rural India by effectively utilizing all input information in a meaningful way.
Unmasking Mutual Fund Derivative Use
Authors: Kaniel Ron , Wang Pingle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using new SEC data, we study fund derivative use and its impact on performance. Despite small portfolio weights, derivatives contribute largely to fund returns. Contrary to prior research, we find most employ derivatives to amplify, not hedge, equity returns. Using machine learning to classify funds’ derivative strategies reveals high specializations linked to information-related trading, liquidity management, gaining exposure, or hedging motives. Long index derivative users drive the amplification. During COVID-19, these users significantly increased derivative use more than others and shifted strategies, but initially lost on existing positions and then on newly opened short positions when markets unexpectedly rebounded.
Clinical characteristics of primary SS– and overlap SS–associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Sun Xiaoxuan , Zhang Yixin , Liu Ting , Zhang Hang , Zu Beibei , Zhou Lei , Wang Qiang , Zhang Miaojia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients with SS-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SS-PAH).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on SS-PAH patients diagnosed by right heart catheterization (RHC) between March 2013 and March 2024 across four Chinese medical centres. Patients were categorized into primary SS-PAH (pSS-PAH) and overlap SS-PAH groups, based on the presence of additional autoimmune diseases. We compared clinical and demographic data, echocardiographic and haemodynamic parameters, treatment strategies, and event-free survival between the groups. The statistical analyses included t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, χ2 tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results
Overlap SS-PAH was most commonly associated with SLE. Compared with pSS-PAH, overlap SS-PAH patients had a lower proportion categorized as having WHO functional class III–IV, lower pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and higher cardiac index. They also showed higher treatment success rates and better event-free survival. However, overlap SS-PAH patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) or autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) had significantly lower 1-year event-free survival rates, older age, and elevated ALP levels.

Conclusion
Overlap SS-PAH generally has a better prognosis than pSS-PAH, with improved exercise capacity and milder haemodynamic abnormalities. However, overlap with PBC/AIH is associated with a poorer prognosis. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of SS-PAH and the need for tailored treatment based on underlying autoimmune conditions.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05980728.
Analgesic Safety and Efficacy of Perioperative Posterior Cervical Muscle Plane Blocks in Elective Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Weisbrod Luke J. , Ceesay Omar I. , Schmidt Cynthia , Haynatzki Roman , Surdell Daniel L. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
Posterior cervical spine surgery can result in significant discomfort in the postoperative period. Postoperative pain management presents a challenge, particularly in the elderly population that﻿ is more sensitive to adverse effects from analgesia. We compared outcomes after perioperative posterior cervical muscle plane blocks versus patients who received general anesthesia only.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles concerning the use of blocks in posterior cervical spinal surgery from January 1, 1974 to December 11, 2023. Data from studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were used to establish odds ratios and mean differences with 95% CIs for each outcome.

Results:
The results of the pooled analysis showed that in patients undergoing elective posterior cervical spine surgery, a perioperative posterior cervical muscle plane block resulted in a statistically significant decrease in numerical pain rating scores at 2 hours postoperatively, 12 hours postoperatively, adverse events, and postoperative nausea/vomiting. A preoperative posterior cervical block resulted in a decrease in the duration of surgery, and numerical pain rating scores at 24 hours postoperatively, though not to a level of statistical significance.

Conclusion:
These meta-analyses suggest that perioperative posterior cervical muscle plane blocks are safe and result in improved postoperative analgesic efficacy when compared with controls. More robust prospective, randomized studies are necessary to help inform the safety and efficacy of perioperative posterior cervical blocks for elective posterior cervical spine surgery.
Developing an EEG-based model to predict awakening after cardiac arrest using partial processing with the BIS Engine
Authors: Snider Samuel B. , Molyneaux Bradley J. , Murthy Anarghya , Rademaker Quinn , Rajwani Hafeez , Scirica Benjamin M. , Lee Jong Woo , Connor Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Accurate prognostication in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest is a challenging and high-stakes endeavor. We sought to determine whether internal EEG subparameters extracted by the Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor, a device commonly used to estimate depth-of-anesthesia intraoperatively, could be repurposed to predict recovery of consciousness after cardiac arrest.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, we trained a 3-layer neural network to predict recovery of consciousness to the point of command following versus not based on 48 hours of continuous EEG recordings in 315 comatose patients admitted to a single US academic medical center after cardiac arrest (Derivation cohort: N=181; Validation cohort: N=134). Continuous EEGs were partially processed into subparameters using virtualized emulation of the BIS Engine (i.e., the internal software of the BIS monitor) applied to signals from the frontotemporal leads of the standard 10-20 EEG montage. Our model was trained on hourly-averaged measurements of these internal subparameters. We compared this model’s performance to the modified Westhall qualitative EEG scoring framework.

Results:
Maximum prognostic accuracy in the Derivation Cohort was achieved using a network trained on only four BIS subparameters (inverse burst suppression ratio, mean spectral power density, gamma power, and theta/delta power). In a held-out sample of 134 patients, our model outperformed current state-of-the-art qualitative EEG assessment techniques at predicting recovery of consciousness (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.86, accuracy: 0.87, sensitivity: 0.83, specificity: 0.88, positive predictive value: 0.71, negative predictive value: 0.94). Gamma band power has not been previously reported as a correlate of recovery potential after cardiac arrest.

Conclusions:
In patients comatose after cardiac arrest, four EEG features calculated internally by the BIS Engine were repurposed by a compact neural network to achieve a prognostic accuracy superior to the current clinical qualitative gold-standard, with high sensitivity for recovery. These features hold promise for assessing patients after cardiac arrest.