bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: Plastic bronchitis associated with Bordetella parapertussis
Authors: Li Zhongjie , Xu Yao , Shen Weirong 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:

Bordetella parapertussis caused by a severe infection is rare in clinical practice. Here, we report a case of plastic bronchitis (PB).

Patient concerns:
A 4-year-old girl with a 2-day history of fever, paroxysmal cough, and subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Diagnoses:
The diagnoses were (1) B parapertussis, (2) pulmonary atelectasis, and (3) PB.

Interventions:
The patient received azithromycin and underwent bronchoscopy.

Outcomes:
Symptoms disappeared after treatment. The patient had an outpatient follow-up of 2 months without respiratory symptoms.

Lessons:
PB can lead to respiratory failure if not intervened in the early stages.
The efficacy of different interventions in the treatment of sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly people: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Geng Qian , Zhai Haiting , Wang Liming , Wei Hongwen , Hou Shilun 
Published: July 2023

Background:
In this study, a meta-analysis system was used to evaluate the effects of 7 methods of treating sarcopenia, including resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, mixed exercise, nutrition, resistance combined with nutrition, mixed exercise combined with nutrition, and electric stimulation combined with nutrition, and their effects on physical function.

Methods:
According to the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and other foreign databases, as well as Chinese databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang, the literatures of randomized controlled trials with different intervention measures were searched. ADDIS software was used to compare and rank the results of the network meta-analysis.

Results:
A total of 2485 patients were included in the 30 randomized controlled trial items. According to the clinical manifestations of sarcopenia, 7 different forms of exercise and nutrition interventions can improve muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function; in terms of improving muscle strength, resistance exercise has the most significant effect on improving grip strength (MD = 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.06–4.07]); resistance exercise combined with nutrition lifting performed best in chair standing test (MD = −2.37, 95% CI [−4.73 to −0.33]). For muscle mass gains, resistance training increased appendicular skeletal muscle mass significantly (MD = 0.90, 95% CI [0.11–1.73]), while resistance exercise combined with nutrition significantly increased fat-free mass (MD = 5.15, 95% CI [0.91–9.43]). For physical activity, resistance training improved walk speed best (MD = 0.28, 95% CI [0.15–0.41]), and resistance exercise combined with nutrition in the best results were seen in the timed up and go test (MD = −2.31, 95% CI [−4.26 to −0.38]).

Conclusion:
Compared with aerobic exercise, mixed exercise, nutrition, resistance combined with nutrition, mixed exercise combined with nutrition, and electric stimulation combined with nutrition, resistance exercise has more advantages in improving muscle mass, strength, and physical function performance. The clinical treatment of sarcopenia with resistance exercise intervention has a better curative effect.
Solitary fibrous tumor resembling pulmonary fractionation disease: A case report
Authors: Yoshino Ryusei , Yoshida Nana , Ito Akane , Nakatsubo Masaki , Yuzawa Sayaka , Kitada Masahiro 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:
Preoperative differentiation between pulmonary fractionation and solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) is challenging. Diaphragmatic primary tumors are relatively rare among SFTs, with limited reports of abnormal vascularity.

Patient concerns:
A 28-year-old male patient was referred to our department for surgical resection of a tumor near the right diaphragm, Thoracoabdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 10 × 8 cm mass lesion at the base of the right lung. The inflow artery to the mass was an anomalous vessel in which the left gastric artery bifurcated from the abdominal aorta, and its origin was the common trunk and right inferior transverse artery.

Diagnosis:
The tumor was diagnosed as right pulmonary fractionation disease based on the clinical findings. The postoperative pathological examination determined a diagnosis of SFT.

Interventions:
The pulmonary vein was used to irrigate the mass. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary fractionation and underwent surgical resection. Intraoperative findings revealed a stalked, web-like venous hyperplasia anterior to the diaphragm, contiguous with the lesion. An inflow artery was found at the same site. The patient was subsequently treated using a double ligation technique. The mass was partially contiguous with S10 in the right lower lung and stalked. An outflow vein was identified at the same site, and the mass was removed using an automatic suture machine.

Outcomes:
The patient received follow-up examinations that involved a chest CT scan every 6 months, and no tumor recurrence was reported during 1 year of postoperative follow-up.

Lessons:
Differentiating between SFT and pulmonary fractionation disease may be challenging during preoperative diagnosis; therefore, aggressive surgical resection should be considered as SFTs may be malignant. Identification of abnormal vessels using contrast-enhanced CT scans may be effective in reducing surgical time and improving the safety of the surgical procedure.
Measles immunity gaps among children and adolescents with HIV in zambia despite high measles vaccination and antiretroviral therapy coverage
Authors: Mutembo Simon , Yang Yangyupei , Carcelen Andrea , Winter Amy Kaye , Mwansa Francis Dien , Chilumba Innocent , Mutale Irene , Chongwe Gershom , Monze Mwaka , Mulundu Gina , Nkamba Hope , Mulenga Lloyd , Hayford Kyla , Moss William John 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
The study objective was to identify measles and rubella immunity gaps among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Zambia despite high measles vaccine coverage and widespread access to antiretroviral therapy.

Design:
Nationally representative cross-sectional serosurvey using biorepository specimens.

Methods:
Blood specimens collected in the Zambia Population HIV Impact Assessment survey (ZAMPHIA) of 2016 were tested for measles and rubella IgG antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Hierarchical generalized additive models were fit to characterize age-specific measles and rubella seroprevalence profiles by HIV infection status. Log-binomial regression was performed to identify factors associated with seronegativity.

Results:
Of the 25,383 specimens, a subsample of 11,500 were selected and 9,852 (85%) were successfully tested. Measles seroprevalence was lower among PLHIV compared with HIV-uninfected individuals until approximately 30 years of age. Among children younger than the age of 10 years, measles seroprevalence was 47.2% (95%CI: 32.7%, 61.7%) in PLHIV and 76.4% (95%CI: 74.9%, 78.0%) in HIV-uninfected children in same age category. In contrast, rubella seroprevalence was higher among PLHIV than HIV-uninfected individuals, particularly for children younger than 10 years (68.6% vs. 44.3%, p < 0.001). Having a detectable viral load was associated with being measles seronegative (adjusted PR 0.15, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.38).

Conclusions:
These results from a nationally representative serosurvey demonstrate persistence of measles immunity gaps among PLHIV younger than 30 years of age. There is need to implement the World Health Organization's recommendation to revaccinate children living with HIV against measles following immune reconstitution with antiretroviral therapy to protect these children and prevent measles outbreaks.
Impact of ART intensification with CCR5 antagonist maraviroc on HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment
Authors: Shikuma Cecilia M. , Wojna Valerie , De Gruttola Victor , Siriwardhana Chathura , Souza Scott , Rodriguez-Benitez Rosa J. , Turner Emilee H. , Kallianpur Kalpana , Bolzenius Jacob , Chow Dominic , Matos Miriam , Shiramizu Bruce , Clements Danielle M. , Premeaux Thomas A. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Paul Robert 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
Chemokine receptor CCR5 is the principal co-receptor for entry of M-tropic HIV virus into immune cells. It is expressed in the central nervous system and may contribute to neuro-inflammation. The CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) has been suggested to improve HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI).

Design:
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 48-week, randomized study of MVC vs placebo in people living with HIV (PLWH) on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) > 1 year in Hawaii and Puerto Rico with plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/mL and at least mild NCI defined as an overall or domain-specific neuropsychological (NP) Z score < -0.5.

Methods:
Study participants were randomized 2:1 to intensification of ART with MVC vs placebo. The primary endpoint was change in global and domain-specific NP Z scores (NPZ) modeled from study entry to week 48. Covariate adjusted treatment comparisons of average changes in cognitive outcome were performed using winsorized NPZ data. Monocyte subset frequencies and chemokine expression as well as plasma biomarker levels were assessed.

Results:
Forty-nine participants were enrolled with 32 individuals randomized to MVC intensification and 17 to placebo. At baseline, worse NPZ scores were seen in the MVC arm. Comparison of 48-week NPZ change by arm revealed no differences except for a modest improvement in the Learning and Memory domain in the MVC arm which did not survive multiplicity correction. No significant changes between arms were seen in immunologic parameters.

Conclusions:
This randomized controlled study found no definitive evidence in favor of MCV intensification among PLWH with mild cognitive difficulties.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings Contribute to Differentiating Solid- and Nonsolid-Type Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Wang Yifan , Ji Yanping , Guo Linying , Wang Yuzhe , Sha Yan 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the imaging features of maxillary sinus adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the imaging differences between solid and nonsolid maxillary sinus ACC.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 40 cases of histopathologically confirmed ACC of the maxillary sinus. All the patients underwent CT and MRI. Based on the histopathological characteristics, the patients were classified into 2 groups: (a) solid maxillary sinus ACC (n = 16) and (b) nonsolid maxillary sinus ACC (n = 24). Imaging features such as tumor size, morphology, internal structure, margin, type of bone destruction, signal intensity, enhancement changes, and perineural tumor spread on CT and MRI, were evaluated. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured. Comparisons of imaging features and ADC values were performed between the solid and nonsolid maxillary sinus ACC using χ2 and nonparametric tests.

Results
The internal structure, margin, type of bone destruction, and degree of enhancement significantly differed between solid and nonsolid maxillary sinus ACC (all P < 0.05). The ADC of the solid maxillary sinus ACC was considerably lower than that of the nonsolid maxillary sinus (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Computed tomography and MRI may aid in the differentiation of solid and nonsolid types of maxillary sinus ACC.
VEXAS Syndrome With Tracheal Involvement but Absence of Vasculitis in FDG PET/CT
Authors: Lohaus Niklas , Schaab Jan , Schaer Dominik , Balabanov Stefan , Huellner Martin W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn early 2022, a 77-year-old man presented with weight loss and recurrent subfebrile temperatures since 6 months. Workup with CT revealed a lung infiltrate. Despite antibiotic treatment, serum inflammation markers remained high. The patient further developed eczematous skin changes, uveitis (sequentially on both eyes), and macrocytic anemia. Finally, an autoinflammatory disease was suspected, and FDG PET/CT was performed. The examination revealed metabolically active foci in several tissues (tracheal cartilage, bone marrow, muscles). Bone marrow aspiration revealed anUBA1mutation, which is pathognomonic for VEXAS syndrome.
Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy and the Role of the Rehabilitation Nurse
Authors: Duraski Sylvia A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Spasticity is a common problem encountered by those who have suffered a neurological injury either cerebral or spinal in origin. Multiple interventions are utilized to manage spasticity to decrease the pain and stiffness. These interventions can include an implanted device that delivers medication directly to the spinal cord. This clinical consultation reviews a patient case and the important information regarding the care of this individual with an intrathecal baclofen pump and important key points of education that all rehabilitation nurses need to know.
Nasal and Sellar Anatomic Variations in Pituitary-Dependent Cushing Disease
Authors: Wang Baofeng , Sun Yuhao , Sun Qingfang , Zhong Zhihong , Bian Liuguan 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone excessive secretion in pituitary-dependent Cushing disease (CD) patients may lead to anatomic variations of the nasal-sphenoidal corridor as a result of hormone-induced abnormal soft tissue change. However, there is still a lack of data on anatomic dimensions in CD patients. In this study, magnetic resonance images were analyzed to determine the anatomic variations of the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus in CD patients.

Methods:
A retrospective radiographic analysis was conducted on CD patients undergoing endonasal transsphenoidal surgery as primary treatment between January 2013 and December 2017. A total of 97 CD patients and 100 controls were included. The nasal and sphenoidal anatomic dimensions of CD patients were compared with the control group.

Results:
Both sides of nasal cavity height, middle nasal meatus width, and inferior nasal meatus width in CD patients were narrower than that of controls. When compared with controls, the ratio of the middle turbinate to middle nasal meatus and the ratio of inferior turbinate to inferior nasal meatus was found to increase on both sides in CD patients. Intercarotid distance of CD patients was shorter than that of controls. The most prevalent pneumatization pattern of CD patients was postsellar, followed by sellar, presellar, and conchal.

Conclusions:
Cushing disease patients have nasal and sphenoidal anatomic variations affecting the endonasal transsphenoidal surgical corridor, especially the shorter intercarotid distance. The neurosurgeon should be aware of these anatomic variations, and adapt surgical techniques and optimal approaches to reach the sella safely.
Distribution and Phenotype of Goldenhar Syndrome and Its Association With Other Anomalies
Authors: Park Juhwan , Yang Il-Hyung , Choi Jin-Young , Chung Jee Hyeok , Kim Sukwha , Baek Seung-Hak 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and phenotype of Goldenhar syndrome (GS) and its association with other anomalies. The samples consisted of 18 GS patients (6 males and 12 females; mean age at investigation, 7.4 ± 4.8 y) who were treated or followed up at the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 1999 and 2021. The prevalence of side involvement and degree of mandibular deformity (MD), midface anomalies, and association with other anomalies were evaluated using statistical analysis. The prevalence of unilateral and bilateral MD did not differ (55.6% versus 44.4%). In unilateral MD cases, there was a tendency for higher prevalence of more severe Pruzansky-Kaban types than mild ones (type I, 10%; type IIa, 10%; type IIb, 50%; type III, 30%). Despite hypoplasia of the condyle/ramus complex, compensatory mandibular body growth occurred in 33.3% of GS patients (more severe side in bilateral MD cases, 37.5%, and ipsilateral side in unilateral MD cases, 30%). Class II molar relation was more prevalent than class I and class III molar relations (72.2% versus 11.1% versus 16.7%, P<0.01). Al total of 38.9% of patients had congenitally missing tooth. #7 facial cleft was found in 44.4% of patients. In midface anomalies, ear problem was the most common anomaly, followed by hypoplasia/absence of zygomatic arch and eye problem (88.9% versus 64.3% versus 61.1%, P<0.01). Association with the midface, spine, cardiovascular, and limb anomalies did not differ between unilateral and bilateral MD cases. These results might provide a basic guideline for diagnosis and treatment planning for GS patients.
Statistical Power of Randomized Controlled Trials in Trauma Surgery
Authors: Berg Arthur , Lyons Nicole B , Badami Abbasali , Reynolds John , Pizano Louis , Pust Gerd Daniel , Meizoso Jonathan , Namias Nicholas , Yeh Daniel Dante 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Our purpose was to conduct a bibliometric study investigating the prevalence of underpowered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in trauma surgery.

STUDY DESIGN:
A medical librarian conducted a search of RCTs in trauma published from 2000 to 2021. Data extracted included study type, sample size calculation, and power analyses. Post hoc calculations were performed using a power of 80% and an alpha level of 0.05. A CONSORT checklist was then tabulated from each study as well as a fragility index for studies with statistical significance.

RESULTS:
In total 187 RCTs from multiple continents and 60 journals were examined. A total of 133 (71%) were found to have “positive” findings consistent with their hypothesis. When evaluating their methods, 51.3% of articles did not report how they calculated their intended sample size. Of those that did, 25 (27%) did not meet their target enrollment. When examining post hoc power, 46%, 57%, and 65% were adequately powered to detect small, medium, and large effect sizes, respectively. Only 11% of RCTs had complete adherence with CONSORT reporting guidelines and the average CONSORT score was 19 out of 25. For positive superiority trials with binary outcomes, the fragility index median (interquartile range) was 2 (2 to 8).

CONCLUSIONS:
A concerningly large proportion of recently published RCTs in trauma surgery do not report a priori sample size calculations, do not meet enrollment targets, and are not adequately powered to detect even large effect sizes. There exists opportunity for improvement of trauma surgery study design, conduct, and reporting.
The NYCKidSeq randomized controlled trial: Impact of GUÍA digitally enhanced genetic counseling in racially and ethnically diverse families
Authors: Suckiel Sabrina A. , Kelly Nicole R. , Odgis Jacqueline A. , Gallagher Katie M. , Sebastin Monisha , Bonini Katherine E. , Marathe Priya N. , Brown Kaitlyn , Biase Miranda Di , Ramos Michelle A. , Rodriguez Jessica E. , Scarimbolo Laura , Insel Beverly J. , Ferar Kathleen D.M. , Zinberg Randi E. , Diaz George A. , Greally John M. , Abul-Husn Noura S. , Bauman Laurie J. , Gelb Bruce D. , Horowitz Carol R. , Wasserstein Melissa P. , Kenny Eimear E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDigital solutions are needed to support rapid increases in the application of genetic and genomic tests (GT) in diverse clinical settings and patient populations. We developed GUÍA, a bi-lingual web-based platform that facilitates disclosure of GT results. The NYCKidSeq randomized controlled trial evaluated GUÍA’s impact on understanding of GT results.MethodsNYCKidSeq enrolled diverse children with neurologic, cardiac, and immunologic conditions who underwent GT. Families were randomized to genetic counseling with GUÍA (intervention) or standard of care (SOC) genetic counseling for results disclosure. Parents/legal guardians (participants) completed surveys at baseline, post-results disclosure, and 6-months later. Survey measures assessed the primary study outcomes of perceived understanding of and confidence in explaining their child’s GT results and the secondary outcome of objective understanding. We used regression models to evaluate the association between the intervention and the study outcomes.ResultsThe analysis included 551 participants, 270 in the GUÍA arm and 281 in SOC. Participants’ mean age was 41.1 years and 88.6% were mothers. Most participants were Hispanic/Latino(a) (46.3%), White/European American (24.5%), or Black/African American (15.8%). Participants in the GUÍA arm had significantly higher perceived understanding post-results (OR=2.8, CI[1.004,7.617],P=0.049) and maintained higher objective understanding over time (OR=1.1, CI[1.004, 1.127],P=0.038) compared to those in the SOC arm. There was no impact on perceived confidence. Hispanic/Latino(a) individuals in the GUÍA arm maintained higher perceived understanding (OR=3.9, CI[1.6, 9.3],P=0.003), confidence (OR=2.7, CI[1.021, 7.277],P=0.046), and objective understanding (OR=1.1, CI[1.009, 1.212],P=0.032) compared to SOC.ConclusionsThis trial demonstrates that GUÍA positively impacts understanding of GT results in diverse parents of children with suspected genetic conditions. These findings build a case for utilizing GUÍA to deliver complex and often ambiguous genetic results. Continued development and evaluation of digital applications in diverse populations are critical for equitably scaling GT offerings in specialty clinics.
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate and allopurinol in a routine setting in Ethiopia: clinical and patient-reported outcomes and operational challenges
Authors: van Henten Saskia , Bialfew Fentaw , Hassen Seid , Tilahun Feleke , van Griensven Johan , Abdela Seid Getahun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is common in Ethiopia, but the national guideline does not offer specific treatment recommendations. Consequently, different treatment regimens are used in the country, without quality evidence. In Boru Meda Hospital, sodium stibogluconate (SSG) is routinely used combined with allopurinol for systemic CL treatment, although evidence on effectiveness is limited.An observational cohort study was done to document clinical treatment outcomes in patients receiving SSG/allopurinol at the end of each 28-day treatment cycle and after 180 days. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed by asking patients to rate lesion severity and by the dermatological life quality index.A total of 104 patients were included. After one treatment cycle only four patients were clinically cured, although patient-reported outcomes significantly improved. The majority (88) of patients were appointed for a second treatment cycle, of which only 37 (42%) came. Among 36 patients who came for final outcome assessment, 50% was cured. Follow-up and treatment was severely affected by conflict; drug stockouts and insufficient ward capacity for treatment were additional challenges.Treatment outcomes of SSG/allopurinol were relatively poor, and most patients required more than one cycle of treatment. Shortage of drugs and beds indicates the existing gaps in providing CL treatment in Ethiopia.