bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring differences in symptomatic adverse events assessment between nurses and physicians in the clinical trial setting
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Zhanlun , Ma Cuicui , Cheng Meng , Xie Yanli , Zhang Lina , Wang Jianxin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA cross-sectional study was performed at Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital from April to July 2020 to explore the difference and consistency between nurses and physicians in terms of symptomatic adverse event (AE) assessment. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) was utilized by nurses and physicians to assess patients’ symptomatic AEs. Patients self-reported their AEs utilizing the Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). Four nurses and three physicians were enrolled to assess patients’ symptomatic AEs. Given the same AEs, nurses tended to detect more AEs than physicians, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The toxicity grade reported by nurses and physicians showed no difference for all AEs, except for fatigue (χ2 = 5.083, P = 0.024). The agreement between nurses and patients was highest compared to the agreement between nurses versus physicians and physicians versus patients. The differences in symptomatic AE assessment can lead to different symptom management. Thus, it is important to establish a collaborative approach between nurses and physicians to ensure continuity in care delivery.
Non-destructive high-throughput measurement of elastic-viscous properties of maize using a novel ultra-micro sensor array and numerical validation
Authors: Nakashima Taiken , Tomobe Haruka , Morigaki Takumi , Yang Mengfan , Yamaguchi Hiroto , Kato Yoichiro , Guo Wei , Sharma Vikas , Kimura Harusato , Morikawa Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaize is the world's most produced cereal crop, and the selection of maize cultivars with a high stem elastic modulus is an effective method to prevent cereal crop lodging. We developed an ultra-compact sensor array inspired by earthquake engineering and proposed a method for the high-throughput evaluation of the elastic modulus of maize cultivars. A natural vibration analysis based on the obtained Young’s modulus using finite element analysis (FEA) was performed and compared with the experimental results, which showed that the estimated Young’s modulus is representative of the individual Young’s modulus. FEA also showed the hotspot where the stalk was most deformed when the corn was vibrated by wind. The six tested cultivars were divided into two phenotypic groups based on the position and number of hotspots. In this study, we proposed a non-destructive high-throughput phenotyping technique for estimating the modulus of elasticity of maize stalks and successfully visualized which parts of the stalks should be improved for specific cultivars to prevent lodging.
Vision-related quality of life after surgery for vitreoretinal disorders in a Mexican population: an observational study
Authors: Márquez-Vergara Ilse Sarahí , Ríos-Nequis Geovanni Jassiel , Pita-Ortíz Ingrid Yazmín , Pérez-Cano Héctor Javier , Somilleda-Ventura Selma Alin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVisual-related quality of life in retinal diseases has not been explored in the Mexican population, so the study aims to identify it in patients undergoing surgery due to advanced diabetic retinopathy, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and other causes of vitrectomy; the Visual Function Quality-25 questionnaire was applied to 76 patients, pre-and postoperative. It was divided into 10 domains and interpreted according to the National Eye Institute scores, where the highest value was the best visual function. Student's t-test for related samples and Wilcoxon’s t-test were used to compare each domain between measurements, and Pearson’s R test to correlate the total score of age and quality of life; a p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Diabetic retinopathy patients showed an improvement 1 and 3 months after surgery in all domains; in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, there was an improvement observed up to 3 months, while a decrease in ocular pain was observed in other causes of vitrectomy. Differences found in all the quality-of-life scores were not statistical, but clinically significant. The study shows that visual-related quality of life domains improves after vitrectomy; the inclusion of this analysis might be considered relevant within the parameters of surgical success of the most prevalent vitreoretinal diseases.
Supervised deep learning-based paradigm to screen the enhanced oil recovery scenarios
Authors: Kumar Pandey Rakesh , Gandomkar Asghar , Vaferi Behzad , Kumar Anil , Torabi Farshid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh oil prices and concern about limited oil reserves lead to increase interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Selecting the most efficient development plan is of high interest to optimize economic cost. Hence, the main objective of this study is to construct a novel deep-learning classifier to select the best EOR method based on the reservoir’s rock and fluid properties (depth, porosity, permeability, gravity, viscosity), and temperature. Our deep learning-based classifier consists of a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network, long short-term memory (LSTM), and densely connected neural network layers. The genetic algorithm has been applied to tune the hyperparameters of this hybrid classifier. The proposed classifier is developed and tested using 735 EOR projects on sandstone, unconsolidated sandstone, carbonate, and conglomerate reservoirs in more than 17 countries. Both the numerical and graphical investigations approve that the structure-tuned deep learning classifier is a reliable tool to screen the EOR scenarios and select the best one. The designed model correctly classifies training, validation, and testing examples with an accuracy of 96.82%, 84.31%, and 82.61%, respectively. It means that only 30 out of 735 available EOR projects are incorrectly identified by the proposed deep learning classifier. The model also demonstrates a small categorical cross-entropy of 0.1548 for the classification of the involved enhanced oil recovery techniques. Such a powerful classifier is required to select the most suitable EOR candidate for a given oil reservoir with limited field information.
North Atlantic Oscillation impact on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation shaped by the mean state
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jeong , An Soon-Il , Park Jae-Heung , Sung Mi-Kyung , Kim Daehyun , Choi Yeonju , Kim Jin-Soo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurate representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in global climate models is crucial for reliable future climate predictions and projections. In this study, we used 42 coupled atmosphere–ocean global climate models to analyze low-frequency variability of the AMOC driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Our results showed that the influence of the simulated NAO on the AMOC differs significantly between the models. We showed that the large intermodel diversity originates from the diverse oceanic mean state, especially over the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA), where deep water formation of the AMOC occurs. For some models, the climatological sea ice extent covers a wide area of the SPNA and restrains efficient air–sea interactions, making the AMOC less sensitive to the NAO. In the models without the sea-ice-covered SPNA, the upper-ocean mean stratification critically affects the relationship between the NAO and AMOC by regulating the AMOC sensitivity to surface buoyancy forcing. Our results pinpoint the oceanic mean state as an aspect of climate model simulations that must be improved for an accurate understanding of the AMOC.
The precipitation distribution set by eddy fluxes: the case of boreal winter
Authors: Yoo Changhyun , Lee Sukyoung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe latitudinal precipitation distribution shows a secondary peak in midlatitudes and a minimum in the subtropics. This minimum is widely attributed to the descending branch of the Eulerian Hadley cell. This study however shows that the precipitation distribution aligns more closely with the transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) vertical motion. In Northern Hemisphere winter, maximum TEM descent (ascent) and precipitation minimum (maximum) are collocated at ~20°N (~40°N). The subtropical descent is mostly driven by the meridional flux of zonal momentum by large-scale eddies, while the midlatitude ascent is driven by the meridional flux of heat by the eddies. When the poleward eddy momentum flux is sufficiently strong, however, the secondary precipitation peak shifts to 60°N corresponding to the location of the TEM ascent driven by the eddy momentum flux. Moisture supply for the precipitation is aided by evaporation which is enhanced where the TEM descending branch brings down dry air from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. This picture is reminiscent of dry air intrusions in synoptic meteorology, suggesting that the descending branch may embody a zonal mean expression of dry air intrusions. Moist air rises following the TEM ascending branch, suggesting that the ascending branch may be interpreted as a zonal mean expression of warm conveyor belts. This study thus offers a large-scale dynamics perspective of the synoptic description of precipitation systems. The findings here also suggest that future changes in the eddy momentum flux, which is poorly understood, could play a pivotal role in determining the future precipitation distribution.
IKKα promotes lung adenocarcinoma growth through ERK signaling activation via DARPP-32-mediated inhibition of PP1 activity
Authors: Alam Sk. Kayum , Wang Li , Zhu Zhu , Hoeppner Luke H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80–85% cases of lung cancer cases. Diagnosis at advanced stages is common, after which therapy-refractory disease progression frequently occurs. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control NSCLC progression is necessary to develop new therapies. Overexpression of IκB kinase α (IKKα) in NSCLC correlates with poor patient survival. IKKα is an NF-κB-activating kinase that is important in cell survival and differentiation, but its regulation of oncogenic signaling is not well understood. We recently demonstrated that IKKα promotes NSCLC cell migration by physically interacting with dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32), and its truncated splice variant, t-DARPP. Here, we show that IKKα phosphorylates DARPP-32 at threonine 34, resulting in DARPP-32-mediated inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), subsequent inhibition of PP1-mediated dephosphorylation of ERK, and activation of ERK signaling to promote lung oncogenesis. Correspondingly, IKKα ablation in human lung adenocarcinoma cells reduced their anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Mice challenged with IKKα-ablated HCC827 cells exhibited less lung tumor growth than mice orthotopically administered control HCC827 cells. Our findings suggest that IKKα drives NSCLC growth through the activation of ERK signaling via DARPP-32-mediated inhibition of PP1 activity.
Ultrafast valley-selective coherent optical manipulation with excitons in WSe2 and MoS2 monolayers
Authors: Slobodeniuk Artur O. , Koutenský Petr , Bartoš Miroslav , Trojánek František , Malý Petr , Novotný Tomáš , Kozák Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreasing the speed limits of conventional electronics requires innovative approaches to manipulate other quantum properties of electrons besides their charge. An alternative approach utilizes the valley degree of freedom in low-dimensional semiconductors. Here we demonstrate that the valley degeneracy of exciton energies in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers may be lifted by coherent optical interactions on timescales corresponding to few tens of femtoseconds. The optical Stark and Bloch-Siegert effects generated by strong nonresonant circularly-polarized light induce valley-selective blue shifts of exciton quantum levels by more than 30 meV. We show these phenomena by studying the two most intensive exciton resonances in transiton metal dichalcogenide monolayers and compare the results to a theoretical model, which properly includes the Coulomb interaction and exciton dispersion. These results open the door for ultrafast valleytronics working at multiterahertz frequencies.
Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Suonaa , Oh Jae Won , Park Kyung Mee , Lee San , Lee Eun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite research into the development of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I), research into the outcomes of dCBT-I on insomnia and the associated clinical conditions of depression and anxiety have been limited. The PubMed, PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on adult patients with insomnia also having reported measures of depressive or anxiety symptoms. In total, 2504 articles were identified after duplicate removal, and 22 RCTs were included in the final meta-analysis. At the post-treatment assessment, the dCBT-I group had a small to moderate effect in alleviating depressive (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.56, −0.28; p < 0.001; k = 21) and anxiety symptoms (SMD = −0.29; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.19; p < 0.001; k = 18), but had a large effect on sleep outcome measures (SMD = −0.76; 95% CI: −0.95, −0.57; p < 0.001; k = 22). When considering treatment adherence, the treatment effects of those in the high adherent groups identified a more robust outcome, showing greater effect sizes than those in the low adherent groups for depression, anxiety, and sleep outcomes. Furthermore, additional subgroup analysis on studies that have used the fully automated dCBT-I treatment without the support of human therapists reported significant treatment effects for depression, anxiety, and sleep outcomes. The results demonstrated that digital intervention for insomnia yielded significant effects on alleviating depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as insomnia symptoms. Specifically, the study demonstrated significant effects on the above symptoms when considering treatment adherence and implementing fully automated dCBT-I.
Endogenous bioluminescent reporters reveal a sustained increase in utrophin gene expression upon EZH2 and ERK1/2 inhibition
Authors: Gleneadie Hannah J. , Fernandez-Ruiz Beatriz , Sardini Alessandro , Van de Pette Mathew , Dimond Andrew , Prinjha Rab K. , McGinty James , French Paul M. W. , Bagci Hakan , Merkenschlager Matthias , Fisher Amanda G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the dystrophin gene (Dmd), resulting in progressive muscle weakening. Here we modelled the longitudinal expression of endogenous Dmd, and its paralogue Utrn, in mice and in myoblasts by generating bespoke bioluminescent gene reporters. As utrophin can partially compensate for Dmd-deficiency, these reporters were used as tools to ask whether chromatin-modifying drugs can enhance Utrn expression in developing muscle. Myoblasts treated with different PRC2 inhibitors showed significant increases in Utrn transcripts and bioluminescent signals, and these responses were independently verified by conditional Ezh2 deletion. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signalling provoked an additional increase in Utrn expression that was also seen in Dmd-mutant cells, and maintained as myoblasts differentiate. These data reveal PRC2 and ERK1/2 to be negative regulators of Utrn expression and provide specialised molecular imaging tools to monitor utrophin expression as a therapeutic strategy for DMD.
Evidence for wastewaters as environments where mobile antibiotic resistance genes emerge
Authors: Berglund Fanny , Ebmeyer Stefan , Kristiansson Erik , Larsson D. G. Joakim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe emergence and spread of mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pathogens have become a serious threat to global health. Still little is known about where ARGs gain mobility in the first place. Here, we aimed to collect evidence indicating where such initial mobilization events of clinically relevant ARGs may have occurred. We found that the majority of previously identified origin species did not carry the mobilizing elements that likely enabled intracellular mobility of the ARGs, suggesting a necessary interplay between different bacteria. Analyses of a broad range of metagenomes revealed that wastewaters and wastewater-impacted environments had by far the highest abundance of both origin species and corresponding mobilizing elements. Most origin species were only occasionally detected in other environments. Co-occurrence of origin species and corresponding mobilizing elements were rare in human microbiota. Our results identify wastewaters and wastewater-impacted environments as plausible arenas for the initial mobilization of resistance genes.
Gene-environment interaction explains a part of missing heritability in human body mass index
Authors: Jung Hae-Un , Kim Dong Jun , Baek Eun Ju , Chung Ju Yeon , Ha Tae Woong , Kim Han-Kyul. , Kang Ji-One , Lim Ji Eun , Oh Bermseok 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGene-environment (G×E) interaction could partially explain missing heritability in traits; however, the magnitudes of G×E interaction effects remain unclear. Here, we estimate the heritability of G×E interaction for body mass index (BMI) by subjecting genome-wide interaction study data of 331,282 participants in the UK Biobank to linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and linkage disequilibrium adjusted kinships–software for estimating SNP heritability from summary statistics (LDAK-SumHer) analyses. Among 14 obesity-related lifestyle factors, MET score, pack years of smoking, and alcohol intake frequency significantly interact with genetic factors in both analyses, accounting for the partial variance of BMI. The G×E interaction heritability (%) and standard error of these factors by LDSC and LDAK-SumHer are as follows: MET score, 0.45% (0.12) and 0.65% (0.24); pack years of smoking, 0.52% (0.13) and 0.93% (0.26); and alcohol intake frequency, 0.32% (0.10) and 0.80% (0.17), respectively. Moreover, these three factors are partially validated for their interactions with genetic factors in other obesity-related traits, including waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted with BMI, and body fat percentage. Our results suggest that G×E interaction may partly explain the missing heritability in BMI, and two G×E interaction loci identified could help in understanding the genetic architecture of obesity.
Genome-wide analysis of a collective grave from Mentesh Tepe provides insight into the population structure of early neolithic population in the South Caucasus
Authors: Guarino-Vignon Perle , Lefeuvre Maël , Chimènes Amélie , Monnereau Aurore , Guliyev Farhad , Pecqueur Laure , Jovenet Elsa , Lyonnet Bertille , Bon Céline 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the localisation of the southern Caucasus at the outskirt of the Fertile Crescent, the Neolithisation process started there only at the beginning of the sixth millennium with the Shomutepe-Shulaveri culture of yet unclear origins. We present here genomic data for three new individuals from Mentesh Tepe in Azerbaijan, dating back to the beginnings of the Shomutepe-Shulaveri culture. We evidence that two juveniles, buried embracing each other, were brothers. We show that the Mentesh Tepe Neolithic population is the product of a recent gene flow between the Anatolian farmer-related population and the Caucasus/Iranian population, demonstrating that population admixture was at the core of the development of agriculture in the South Caucasus. By comparing Bronze Age individuals from the South Caucasus with Neolithic individuals from the same region, including Mentesh Tepe, we evidence that gene flows between Pontic Steppe populations and Mentesh Tepe-related groups contributed to the makeup of the Late Bronze Age and modern Caucasian populations. Our results show that the high cultural diversity during the Neolithic period of the South Caucasus deserves close genetic analysis.
Spatiotemporal spike-centered averaging reveals symmetry of temporal and spatial components of the spike-LFP relationship during human focal seizures
Authors: Lee Somin , Deshpande Sarita S. , Merricks Edward M. , Schlafly Emily , Goodman Robert , McKhann Guy M. , Eskandar Emad N. , Madsen Joseph R. , Cash Sydney S. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Schevon Catherine A. , van Drongelen Wim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe electrographic manifestation of neural activity can reflect the relationship between the faster action potentials of individual neurons and the slower fluctuations of the local field potential (LFP). This relationship is typically examined in the temporal domain using the spike-triggered average. In this study, we add a spatial component to this relationship. Here we first derive a theoretical model of the spike-LFP relationship across a macroelectrode. This mathematical derivation showed a special symmetry in the spike-LFP relationship wherein a sinc function in the temporal domain predicts a sinc function in the spatial domain. We show that this theoretical result is observed in a real-world system by characterizing the spike-LFP relationship using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings of human focal seizures. To do this, we present a approach, termed the spatiotemporal spike-centered average (st-SCA), that allows for visualization of the spike-LFP relationship in both the temporal and spatial domains. We applied this method to 25 MEA recordings obtained from seven patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. Of the five patients with MEAs implanted in recruited territory, three exhibited spatiotemporal patterns consistent with a sinc function, and two exhibited spatiotemporal patterns resembling deep wells of excitation. These results suggest that in some cases characterization of the spike-LFP relationship in the temporal domain is sufficient to predict the underlying spatial pattern. Finally, we discuss the biological interpretation of these findings and propose that the sinc function may reflect the role of mid-range excitatory connections during seizure activity.
Aqueous habitats and carbon inputs shape the microscale geography and interaction ranges of soil bacteria
Authors: Bickel Samuel , Or Dani 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEarth’s diverse soil microbiomes host bacteria within dynamic and fragmented aqueous habitats that occupy complex pore spaces and restrict the spatial range of ecological interactions. Yet, the spatial distributions of bacterial cells in soil communities remain underexplored. Here, we propose a modelling framework representing submillimeter-scale distributions of soil bacteria based on physical constraints supported by individual-based model results and direct observations. The spatial distribution of bacterial cell clusters modulates various metabolic interactions and soil microbiome functioning. Dry soils with long diffusion times limit localized interactions of the sparse communities. Frequently wet soils enable long-range trophic interactions between dense cell clusters through connected aqueous pathways. Biomes with high carbon inputs promote large and dense cell clusters where anoxic microsites form even in aerated soils. Micro-geographic considerations of difficult-to-observe microbial processes can improve the interpretation of data from bulk soil samples.