bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posture-related fluctuations of intraocular pressure in healthy children with suspicion of glaucoma
Authors: Lüke Jan Niklas , Enders Philip , Händel Alexander , Gietzelt Caroline , Dietlein Johanna , Schöneberger Verena , Lappa Alexandra , Widder Randolf , Dietlein Thomas S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Currently, there are no specific data on the circadian course of intraocular pressure (IOP) in children, especially for IOP measurements in the supine position. The study aimed to characterize the diurnal and nocturnal IOP fluctuations in supine and sitting positions in patients less than 18 years of age.

Methods
Seventy-nine eyes of 79 patients under 18 years of age with suspicious optic nerve heads or ocular hypertension could be included in this study. All included patients showed an inconspicuous retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and Bruch’s membrane minimum rim width by coherence tomography. IOP measurements during the 24-h IOP profile were retrospectively evaluated. Measurements were taken at 10:00, 16:00, 20:00, and 23:00 h in the sitting position and at 6:00 h in the morning in the supine position using iCare rebound tonometry on 2 consecutive days.

Results
Thirty-four of 79 children (43.0%) had peak nocturnal IOP values > 25 mmHg. The mean daily IOP was 18.8 ± 5.6 mmHg, and the mean daily fluctuation was 6.1 ± 4.0 mmHg. At 6 am, supine measurements were elevated to 25.1 ± 8.0 mmHg. Extensive fluctuations with values > 40 mmHg in the nocturnal supine measurement occurred in a relevant share of patients (n = 5).

Conclusion
There appear to be relevant diurnal and nocturnal IOP fluctuations in healthy children (< 18 years). Nocturnal IOP measurements in supine patients with risk factors for glaucoma may provide important additional information to identify critical patients for further follow-up.
Dopamine receptors of the rodent fastigial nucleus support skilled reaching for goal-directed action
Authors: Caragea Violeta-Maria , Méndez-Couz Marta , Manahan-Vaughan Denise 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe dopaminergic (DA) system regulates both motor function, and learning and memory. The cerebellum supports motor control and the acquisition of procedural memories, including goal-directed behavior, and is subjected to DA control. Its fastigial nucleus (FN) controls and interprets body motion through space. The expression of dopamine receptors has been reported in the deep cerebellar nuclei of mice. However, the presence of dopamine D1-like (D1R) and D2-like (D2R) receptors in the rat FN has not yet been verified. In this study, we first confirmed that DA receptors are expressed in the FN of adult rats and then targeted these receptors to explore to what extent the FN modulates goal-directed behavior. Immunohistochemical assessment revealed expression of both D1R and D2R receptors in the FN, whereby the medial lateral FN exhibited higher receptor expression compared to the other FN subfields. Bilateral treatment of the FN with a D1R antagonist, prior to a goal-directed pellet-reaching task, significantly impaired task acquisition and decreased task engagement. D2R antagonism only reduced late performance post-acquisition. Once task acquisition had occurred, D1R antagonism had no effect on successful reaching, although it significantly decreased reaching speed, task engagement, and promoted errors. Motor coordination and ambulation were, however, unaffected as neither D1R nor D2R antagonism altered rotarod latencies or distance and velocity in an open field. Taken together, these results not only reveal a novel role for the FN in goal-directed skilled reaching, but also show that D1R expressed in FN regulate this process by modulating motivation for action.
A micromorphic phase-field model for brittle and quasi-brittle fracture
Authors: Bharali Ritukesh , Larsson Fredrik , Jänicke Ralf 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, a robust and variationally consistent technique is proposed for local treatment of the phase-field fracture irreversibility. This technique involves an extension of the phase-field fracture energy functional through a micromorphic approach. Consequently, the phase-field is transformed into a local variable, while a micromorphic variable regularizes the problem. The local nature of the phase-field variable enables an easier implementation of its irreversibility using a pointwise ‘max’ with system level precision. Unlike the popular history variable approach, which also enforces local fracture irreversibility, the micromorphic approach yields a variationally consistent framework. The efficacy of the micromorphic approach in phase-field fracture modelling is demonstrated in this work with numerical experiments on benchmark brittle and quasi-brittle fracture problems in linear elastic media. Furthermore, the extensibility of the micromorphic phase-field fracture model towards multiphysics problems is demonstrated. To that end, a theoretical extension is carried out for modelling hydraulic fracture, and relevant numerical experiments exhibiting crack merging are presented. The source code as well as the data set accompanying this work would be made available on GitHub (https://github.com/ritukeshbharali/falcon).
Traumaversorgung in der Schockraumphase
Authors: Halvachizadeh Sascha , Berk Till , Kaiser Anne , Pape Hans-Christoph , Pfeifer Roman , Neuhaus Valentin 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Schockraumphase gilt als Schnittstelle zwischen der prähospitalen und der klinischen Phase der Polytraumaversorgung. Eine strukturierte und fokussierte Identifikation und Behandlung von lebensbedrohlichen Verletzungen erfolgen zu Beginn dieser Phase. Anschließend gilt es, die Verletzungen des/der Polytraumapatient:in adäquat zu diagnostizieren und die physiologische Stabilität zu definieren. Dies beinhaltet, neben der strukturierten Evaluation des Verletzungsmusters, ein repetitives Assessment des pathophysiologischen Status. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden v. a. Ausmaß von Blutungen und Weichteilverletzungen sowie Koagulopathien und Körpertemperatur. Basierend auf der Verletzungsverteilung und dem physiologischen Status der Polytraumapatient:in sollte interdisziplinär eine adäquate Behandlungsstrategie initiiert werden. Teamtrainings, Vor- und Nachbesprechungen sowie ein regelmäßiger Austausch im Schockraumteam während der Behandlung helfen, die Behandlungsqualität zu steigern.
Property graph representation learning for node classification
Authors: Li Shu , Zaidi Nayyar A. , Du Meijie , Zhou Zhou , Zhang Hongfei , Li Gang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGraph representation learning (graph embedding) has led to breakthrough results in various machine learning graph-based applications such as node classification, link prediction and recommendation. Many real-world graphs can be characterized as the property graphs, because besides the structure information, there exists rich property information related to each node in the graphs. Many existing graph representation learning methods—e.g. random walk-based methods like and , focus only on the structure of graph for learning the node embedding. Although graph representation learning based on neural networks (e.g. typical methods such as ) uses the property of nodes as the initial features of nodes and then aggregates feature information of the neighbours, their limitation is that the neighbourhood of a node is considered to be uniform—i.e. there is no way to differentiate among neighbours of a node when learning a node embedding. Additionally, their definition of neighbourhood is local, i.e. only nodes connected to the current node are considered as neighbours. Hence, those methods fail to capture implicit/latent relationships among nodes, which are implicit in the given structure. In this study, our aim is to improve the performance of graph representation learning methods on property graphs. We present a new framework called ()—a graph representation learning framework to address above-mentioned limitations. Our proposed framework relies on the notion of latent neighbourhood, as well as systematic sampling of neighbouring nodes to obtain better representation of the nodes. The experimental results on five publicly available graph datasets demonstrate that outperforms state-of-the-art baselines for the task of node classification. We further evaluate the superiority of our proposed formulation by defining a novel quantitative metric to measure the usefulness of the sampled neighbourhood in the graph.
Transformative change for biodiversity requires more inclusive and participatory framing of research agendas
Authors: van Dijk Jiska , Young Juliette , Vandewalle Marie , Watt Allan , Locher Karla 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScience plays a crucial role in identifying transformative change trajectories that are positive for biodiversity and human well-being. The concept of transformative change for biodiversity is receiving increased attention both within the political as well as in the scientific arena, but what transformative change entails still remains scientifically unclear. In this paper we report on a research priority exercise undertaken at the 2022 Alternet conference in which conference participants within each session were asked to jointly propose research gaps relevant to transformative change. Thirteen research priorities are identified, emphasising the need to learn from doing through transdisciplinary participatory action research, involving multiple disciplines including social sciences and building on existing research on, for example, nature-based solutions, OneHealth and climate change. The identified research priorities were later analysed under the umbrella of transformative change principles as a proxy for science to act as a lever to realise transformative change for biodiversity. Mobilising scientific research, interdisciplinarity and co-construction with stakeholders and decision-makers is a necessary step forward to make transformative progress in developing the biodiversity research agenda. In this respect, transformative action by the scientific community to develop the research agenda in an all-inclusive participatory process can be seen as a lever of transformative change for biodiversity. Such an all-inclusive participatory process for the development of a long-term biodiversity research agenda is in accordance with building on an integrated and whole-of-society approach as included in the EU Biodiversity Strategy’s aims and priorities around enabling transformative change.
Coding and bounds for partially defective memory cells
Authors: Al Kim Haider , Puchinger Sven , Tolhuizen Ludo , Wachter-Zeh Antonia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper considers coding for so-called partially stuck (defect) memory cells. Such memory cells can only store partial information as some of their levels cannot be used fully due to, e.g., wearout. First, we present new constructions that are able to mask u partially stuck cells while correcting at the same time t random errors. The process of “masking” determines a word whose entries coincide with writable levels at the (partially) stuck cells. For $$u>1$$

u
>
1

and alphabet size $$q>2$$

q
>
2

, our new constructions improve upon the required redundancy of known constructions for $$t=0$$

t
=
0

, and require less redundancy for masking partially stuck cells than former works required for masking fully stuck cells (which cannot store any information). Second, we show that treating some of the partially stuck cells as erroneous cells can decrease the required redundancy for some parameters. Lastly, we derive Singleton-like, sphere-packing-like, and Gilbert–Varshamov-like bounds. Numerical comparisons state that our constructions match the Gilbert–Varshamov-like bounds for several code parameters, e.g., BCH codes that contain all-one word by our first construction.
Quantifying the mover’s advantage: transatlantic migration, employment prestige, and scientific performance
Authors: Holding Benjamin C. , Acciai Claudia , Schneider Jesper W. , Nielsen Mathias W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch on scientific careers finds a mover’s advantage. International migration correlates with increased visibility and productivity. However, if scientists who move internationally, on average, enter into more prestigious employments than they came from, extant research may overestimate the direct performance gains associated with international moves. Building on insights from the sociology of science and studies of international researcher mobility, we examine how changes in employment prestige shape international movers’ performance returns to mobility. We follow a cohort of 167,014 European scientists to identify individuals that move to the USA and pair these migrants to non-mobile scientists with identical home institutions, research fields, and genders, giving a final sample of 3978 researchers. Using a difference-in-differences design, we show a substantial increase in the publishing rates and scientific impact of transatlantic migrants, compared to non-mobile scientists. However, most of the movers’ mobility-related boost in citation and journal impact is attributable to changes in employment prestige. In contrast, we find limited effects of employment prestige on changes in migrants’ publication rates. Overall, our study suggests large variations in the outcomes of transatlantic migration and reaffirms the citation-related “visibility advantage” tied to prestigious institutional locations.
The Institutional Laundry: How the Public May Keep Their Hands Clean
Authors: Kirby Nikolas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA number of recent authors have argued for the problem of ‘democratic dirty hands’. At least within a democracy, public officers can be rightly said to act in the name of the public; and thus, as agents to principals, the dirty hands of public officers are, ultimately attributable to that public. Even more troubling, so the argument goes, since dirty hands are necessary for public officers in any stable political order, then such democratic dirty hands are necessary for any stable democracy. Our dirt is the unavoidable cost of democratic survival.In this paper, I offer an argument against this disconcerting conclusion. My central claim is that proponents of ‘democratic dirty hands’ have missed the import of another feature of contemporary governance: public institutions. Public institutions, as organisational agents, intermediate the relationship between public officer and public; and in so doing, the dirt necessary for stability may be ‘laundered’: the public may still gain the benefit of a public officer’s hands, but remain clean of the dirt. I illustrate this case by an extended discussion of the case of La Comisión Internacional contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (‘CICIG’).
“Help Me Control My Impulses!”: Adolescent Impulsivity and Its Negative Individual, Family, Peer, and Community Explanatory Factors
Authors: Carvalho Célia Barreto , Arroz Ana Moura , Martins Raquel , Costa Rodrigo , Cordeiro Filipa , Cabral Joana Moura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe literature shows that impulsivity, prevalent in adolescence, is negatively linked with a variety of psychosocial factors (e.g., positive interpersonal relationships, emotion regulation); however, there is limited research examining the relative contribution of multiple factors for this trait nor exploring how these factors influence the associations between impulsivity and risk-related outcomes. Drawing on multiple components of the unified theory of development (i.e., psychological variables, peers subsystem, community subsystem, family processes subsystem), this cross-sectional study aims to identify explanatory psychosocial variables (i.e., early memories of warmth and safeness, rational decision-making style, resilience, emotion regulation, coping, parental attachment, social group attachment, satisfaction with school and family-related variables) that are negatively related with impulsivity, in younger (13–15) and older (16–19 years) adolescents, and explore their moderating role in the associations between this trait and some risk-related outcomes (i.e., verbal aggression, anger, self-harm, other high-risk behaviors). A representative sample of 6894 adolescents (52.9% female) living in the Azores (Portugal), with ages ranging from 13 to 19 (M = 15.4), was used. Two stepwise multiple regressions, one for each age group, revealed that only emotion regulation, parental attachment, and social group attachment had a negative effect on impulsivity in both age groups; additionally, satisfaction with teachers also had this effect in younger adolescents. The first three variables weakened the positive associations between impulsivity and the risk-related outcomes. These results suggest that the psychological system and all subsystems of the social context measured play a relevant role in explaining adolescent impulsivity and that it may be reduced by promoting emotion regulation, positive parenting practices, healthier relationships with peers, and healthier relationships with teachers.
Environmental risk assessment of naturally radioactive beryl-bearing rocks, Sinai and Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Khaleal Farrage M. , El-Bialy Mohammed Z. , Saleh Gehad M. , Abdelaal Ahmed , Kamar Mohamed S. , Omar Mohamed M. , El-dawy Mohamed N. , Lasheen El Saeed R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBeryl mineralization represents one of the most significant gemstones. The radioactive concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in beryl-bearing rocks in South Sinai, Central and South Eastern Desert, Egypt were measured using a portable RS230 gamma spectrometer. 238U (40 ± 14), 232Th (51 ± 19), and 40K (1176 ± 277 Bq/kg) are recorded for Ghazala, 54 ± 16, 36 ± 12, and 921 ± 243 Bq/kg for Sedri, 39 ± 15, 27 ± 12, and 842 ± 356 Bq/kg for Igla, 69 ± 16, 34 ± 3, and 1572 ± 83 Bq/kg for Homrit-Akarem, 89 ± 21, 130 ± 16, and 1439 ± 175 Bq/kg for Homrit-Mikpid, and 35 ± 13, 21 ± 12, and 940 ± 645 Bq/kg for Zabara-Um Addebaa. Radiological risk assessment parameters (e.g., annual effective dose, radium equivalent activity) were estimated to deduce the radiation effects on human organs. The obtained results are within acceptable limits.
Cramér–Lundberg model for some classes of extremal Markov sequences
Authors: Jasiulis-Gołdyn Barbara Helena , Lechańska Alicja , KrystynaMisiewicz Jolanta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe classical Cramér–Lundberg model was the first attempt to describe the financial condition of the insurance company. The incomes were approximated by a steady stream of money, and insurance payments were not limited and could take any value from zero to infinity. The society did not invest any part of its money and does not have any employees, shareholders, or enterprise maintenance costs. There exist many modifications of the Cramér–Lundberg model that cover at least some of the problems described here but usually require insight into the internal financial policy of the insurance company. We propose another modification based on Markov processes defined by generalized convolutions. Thanks to the generalized convolutions, we can stochastically approximate the internal financial policy of the company based on publicly available data. In this paper, we focus on computing the ruin probability in the Cramér–Lundberg model for an infinite time horizon for the Markov processes where the transition probabilities are defined by generalized convolutions, in particular, by the α-convolution, maximal convolution, or Kendall convolution.
Is US Fertility now Below Replacement? Evidence from Period vs. Cohort Trends
Authors: Wu Lawrence L. , Mark Nicholas D. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we contrast period and cohort approaches to answering the question: Is US fertility now below replacement? The answer would appear to be an unambiguous “yes” based on period trends in the total fertility rate (TFR). Since 2007, TFR has declined from 2.12, just above the replacement level set by demographic tradition at 2.10 births per woman, to 1.67 in 2022, leading many to speculate that the United States has now entered a sustained period of below-replacement fertility. A quite different picture emerges from cohort trends in the cumulative fertility rate (CFR), a cohort measure that is not subject to biases that can distort period TFRs. For older birth cohorts of US women—those born between 1959 and 1987 and who were thus age 33 or older in 2020—observed or projected CFRs at age 45 vary between 2.00 and 2.24 births per woman. For younger cohorts—those born between 1988 and 2010 and who were 10 to 32 as of 2020—we project CFRs at age 45 that are below 2.00, with these declines attributable to falling fertility at younger ages. We thus conclude that from a cohort perspective, the question “Is US fertility now below replacement” should be replaced by the question “Will lifetime fertility fall below replacement for the youngest cohorts of US women?”, with the answer to this latter question depending on the extent to which decreases observed at early ages in these cohorts will or will not be offset by future increases at later ages.
Teaching and teachers in the Sahel countries by 2030: The need to innovate in the face of adversity
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Vinuesa Valérie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article examines the educational and teacher-related policies in the Sahel region countries over the past decade and highlights main issues that hinder their ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The discrepancy between the current situation and the desired pace of change can be attributed to the lack of prioritization in educational and teaching policies. This article proposes an alternative approach, emphasizing the selection of a maximum of five objectives and providing the necessary means for their effective implementation. By adopting a focused approach, the Sahel region can make strides in overcoming educational challenges and aligning with the goals set for 2030.