bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological variations of the ovarian follicles and oviduct of commercial Lohmann Brown and indigenous Potchefstroom Koekoek breeds
Authors: Hlokoe Victoria Rankotsane , Tyasi Thobela Louis , Mbazima Vusi Gordon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEgg laying begins with the orderly development of follicles in the chicken ovaries and transportation through the oviduct with deposition of nutrients until the eggs are produced. However, the ovarian follicles and oviduct morphology of Lohmann Brown and Potchefstroom Koekoek laying hens have not yet been studied. The study aimed to determine the morphological variations of the ovarian follicles and oviduct of Lohmann Brown and Potchefstroom Koekoek laying hens aged 40 weeks. The Student's t‐test results revealed that breed had a significant effect (p < .05) on the weight of the small white follicles (SWF), large white follicles (LWF) and small yellow follicles (SYF), where Lohmann Brown performed higher than Potchefstroom Koekoek. The outcomes also displayed that breed had a significant effect (p < .05) on the number of LWF and SYF. The results further displayed that breed had a significant effect (p < .05) on the weight of F2, F3, F4 and F5. The outcomes showed that breed had a significant effect (p < .05) on the weights of the infundibulum, magnum and isthmus, where Lohmann Brown displayed a higher performance than Potchefstroom Koekoek. Furthermore, the findings revealed that breed had a significant effect (p < .05) on the lengths of the magnum, isthmus and shell gland, where Lohmann Brown displayed a better performance than Potchefstroom Koekoek. The findings also showed that the discriminant variables in the study are the isthmus length, isthmus weight and magnum length. In conclusion, there are morphological variations in the weights and numbers of the ovarian follicles, and the weights and lengths of the oviduct segments of Lohmann Brown and Potchefstroom Koekoek laying hens.
Impact of LITAF on Mitophagy and Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy via MCL‐1 Ubiquitination
Authors: Min Fuli , Dong Zhaofei , Zhong Shuisheng , Li Ze , Wu Hong , Zhang Sai , Zhang Linming , Zeng Tao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to investigate how the E3 ubiquitin ligase LITAF influences mitochondrial autophagy by modulating MCL‐1 ubiquitination, and its role in the development of epilepsy.MethodsEmploying single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to analyze brain tissue from epilepsy patients, along with high‐throughput transcriptomics, we identified changes in gene expression. This was complemented by in vivo and in vitro experiments, including protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, western blotting, and behavioral assessments in mouse models.ResultsNeuronal cells in epilepsy patients exhibited significant gene expression alterations, with increased activity in apoptosis‐related pathways and decreased activity in neurotransmitter‐related pathways. LITAF was identified as a key upregulated factor, inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy by promoting MCL‐1 ubiquitination, leading to increased neuronal damage. Knockdown experiments in mouse models further confirmed that LITAF facilitates MCL‐1 ubiquitination, aggravating neuronal injury.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that LITAF regulates MCL‐1 ubiquitination, significantly impacting mitochondrial autophagy and contributing to neuronal damage in epilepsy. Targeting LITAF and its downstream mechanisms may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for managing epilepsy.
Investigation of Anti‐Apoptotic Effects and Mechanisms of Astragaloside IV in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yu Li , Jin Weifeng , Deng Defang , Wang Yiru , Chen Qianqian , Zhang Yangyang , Wan Haitong , Chen Yunxiang , Chen Ying , He Yu , Zhang Lijiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIschemic stroke is a prevalent and life‐threatening cerebrovascular disease that is challenging to treat and associated with a poor prognosis. Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV), a primary bioactive component of Astragali radix, has demonstrated neuroprotective benefits in previous studies. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms through which AS‐IV may treat cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI).MethodsNetwork pharmacology was employed to identify key targets and pathways of AS‐IV in CIRI therapy, combined with molecular docking to predict binding affinity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham, MCAO/R, AS‐IV, SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), AS‐IV + SP600125, and 3‐n‐Butylphthalide (NBP) groups. Neurobehavioral deficits were assessed, and brain tissue damage was visualized through 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride, H&E, and TUNEL staining. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect CytC‐ and caspase‐3‐positive cells, while Western blotting, qPCR, and ELISAs were used to analyze apoptosis‐related markers.ResultsA total of 48 key targets of AS‐IV predicted to be involved in the treatment of CIRI were identified, enriched in 136 pathways. AS‐IV was effectively bound to the top five targets from 48 targets, and those associated with the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/Bid pathway, with binding energy values below −5.0 kJ·mol−1. JNK inhibition reduced infarcted brain areas, improved neurological function, reduced pathological brain tissue damage, and inhibited apoptosis, with AS‐IV achieving similar neuroprotective effects. Both AS‐IV and SP600125 reduced p‐JNK, Bid, CytC, Apaf‐1, caspase‐3, and cleaved caspase‐3 levels in rats while decreasing CytC, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 levels in serum.ConclusionAS‐IV may suppress apoptosis partly through the modulation of JNK/Bid signaling, exerting neuroprotective effects. These findings support the potential development of AS‐IV‐based therapies for stroke treatment.
A Novel Deep Learning Based Dual Watermarking System for Securing Healthcare Data
Authors: Singh Kumari Suniti , Singh Harsh Vikram 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe sharing of patient information on an open network has drawn attention to the healthcare system. Security is the primary issue while sharing documents online. Thus, a dual watermarking technique has been developed to improve the security of shared data. The classical watermarking schemes are resilient to many attacks. Protecting the authenticity and copyrights of medical images is essential to prevent duplication, modification, or unauthorized distribution. This paper proposes a robust, novel dual watermarking system for securing healthcare data. Initially, watermarking is performed based on redundant lifting wavelet transform (LWT) and turbo code decomposition for COVID‐19 patient images and patient text data. To achieve a high level of authenticity, watermarks in the form of encoded text data and decomposed watermark images are inserted together, and an inverse LWT is used to generate an initial watermarked image. Improve imperceptibility and robustness by incorporating the cover image into the watermarked image. Cross‐guided bilateral filtering (CG_BF) improves cover image quality, while the integrated Walsh–Hadamard transform (IWHT) extracts features. The novel adaptive coati optimization (ACO) technique is used to identify the ideal location for the watermarked image in the cover image. To improve security, the watermarked image is dissected using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and encrypted with a chaotic extended logistic system. Finally, the encrypted watermarked image is implanted in the desired place using a novel deep‐learning model based on the Hybrid Convolutional Cascaded Capsule Network (HC3Net). Thus, the secured watermarked image is obtained, and the watermark and text data are extracted using the decryption and inverse DWT procedure. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using accuracy, peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), NC, and other metrics. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 99.26%, which is greater than the existing methods.
An Automated Recommendation System for Crowdsourcing Data Using Improved Heuristic‐Aided Residual Long Short‐Term Memory
Authors: Dhinakaran K. , Nedunchelian R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn recent years, crowdsourcing has developed into a business production paradigm and a distributed problem‐solving platform. However, the conventional machine learning models failed to assist both requesters and workers in finding the proper jobs that affect better quality outputs. The traditional large‐scale crowdsourcing systems typically involve a lot of microtasks, and it requires more time for a crowdworker to search a work on this platform. Thus, task suggestion methods are more useful. Yet, the traditional approaches do not consider the cold‐start issue. To tackle these issues, in this paper, a new recommendation system for crowdsourcing data is implemented utilizing deep learning. Initially, from the standard online sources, the crowdsourced data are accumulated. The novelty of the model is to propose an adaptive residual long short‐term memory (ARes‐LSTM) that learns the task's latent factor via the task features rather than the task ID. Here, this network's parameters are optimized by the fitness‐based drawer algorithm (F‐DA) to improve the efficacy rates. Further, the suggested ARes‐LSTM is adopted to detect the user's preference score based on the user's historical behaviors. According to the historical behavior records of the users and task features, the ARes‐LSTM provides personalized task recommendations and rectifies the issue of cold‐start. From the outcomes, the better accuracy rate of the implemented model is 91.42857. Consequently, the accuracy rate of the traditional techniques such as AOA, TSA, BBRO, and DA is attained as 84.07, 85.42, 87.07, and 90.07. Finally, the simulation of the implemented recommendation system is conducted with various traditional techniques with standard efficiency metrics to show the supremacy of the designed recommendation system. Thus, it is proved that the developed recommendation system for the crowdsourcing data model chooses intended tasks based on individual preferences that can help to enlarge the number of chances to engage in crowdsourcing efforts across a broad range of platforms.
The driving‐related attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of cannabis users in the Australian Capital Territory following decriminalisation
Authors: McCartney Danielle , Zhou Cilla , Lavender Isobel , Gordon Rebecca , Kevin Richard C. , Bedoya‐Pérez Miguel , McGregor Iain S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionIn January 2020, the government of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) decriminalised the possession and cultivation of cannabis for personal use. This study explored the driving‐related attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of ACT residents who are legally cultivating and consuming cannabis.MethodsA two‐part cross‐sectional study was conducted. Part‐1: Cannabis users residing in the ACT were invited to complete an online survey. Part‐2: Survey respondents who reported ‘currently growing’ cannabis were invited to submit a sample of their home‐grown cannabis for phytocannabinoid analysis. Data from Parts 1 and 2 were used to estimate participants' usual Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) intakes.ResultsN = 385 cannabis users completed all or part of the online survey and N = 52 submitted cannabis samples for phytocannabinoid analysis. Most participants (N = 224/330; 67.9%) reported waiting ≥7 h following cannabis use before driving. However, 21.5% (N = 71/330) reported waiting ≤3 h. These individuals had the highest cannabis and THC intakes of the sample (where known). Further analyses revealed that individuals who expressed less concern about roadside drug testing and the effects of non‐medicinal and medicinal cannabis on driving, and who used cannabis more frequently, in larger amounts, and exclusively for non‐medicinal purposes were more likely to report shorter ‘wait times’.Discussion and ConclusionA small proportion of cannabis users in the ACT appear to be driving shortly (i.e., ≤3 h) after consuming considerable quantities of cannabis and THC. This behaviour puts them at risk of driving while impaired and incurring legal sanctions. Interventions alerting these individuals to these possible risks are, therefore, warranted.
A “Golden Moment” for Soils and Society Presents Challenges and Opportunities for Soil Science
Authors: Groffman Peter M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe appear to be at a shining moment for interactions between soils and society. Popular interest in soils has increased along with interests in urban gardening, carbon sequestration, recognition of the vast biodiversity in soils, and the realisation that soils are a finite resource whose degradation has serious consequences. This increase in interest creates both opportunities and challenges for soil science. While there is great potential for increasing the diversity of people involved with soil science, key scientific and communication challenges need to be addressed for interactions between soils and society to be useful and productive. Here, I present case study issues on the mechanisms and limitations of carbon sequestration in soils and the need to restore and/or create new soils for specific uses, including urban agriculture and green infrastructure, to illustrate the opportunities and challenges associated with new societal interest in soil science. Addressing these issues requires advances in both basic and applied science, new participatory approaches to the design, execution, and interpretation of research, collaboration with multiple disciplines, including the social sciences, and improvements in the two‐way flow of information between science and society. Careful attention to these issues will attract new people to soil science, advance awareness of the importance of and threats to soils across the globe, and produce improvements in the quality of life for diverse human populations.
Paratesticular/inguinal SMARCB1/INI1 deficient carcinomas with yolk sac tumour‐like differentiation are aggressive somatic malignancies
Authors: Kosemehmetoglu Kemal , Katipoglu Kubra , Brundler Marie‐Anne , Trpkov Kiril , Yilmaz Asli 
Published: January 2025

AimsExtragonadal yolk sac tumour (YST) is rare, and may present a diagnostic challenge. YST differentiation was recently reported in some somatically derived tumours in the sinonasal location and in the female genital tract, together with a SMARCB1/INI1 loss. We report two paratesticular/inguinal tumours with striking morphological and immunohistochemical similarities with YST, further expanding the spectrum of extragonadal tumours with YST‐like morphology and SMARCB1/INI1 loss.Methods and resultsPatients were 13‐ and 27‐year‐old males who presented with a 1‐cm inguinal mass and a 4.6‐cm spermatic cord mass, respectively. Both neoplasms showed histological and immunohistochemical features in keeping with YST. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for AE1/AE3, spalt‐like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) and glypican‐3; alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was positive in one of two tumours. S100, SMA, CD34 and brachyury were negative in both tumours. Pre‐operative serum AFP levels were normal in both patients. Although the initial diagnostic consideration was extragonadal YST, the diagnostic work‐up revealed complete loss of SMARCB1/INI1 on immunohistochemistry and absence of isochromosome 12p by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation. Both patients had an aggressive clinical course with rapid disease progression and widespread metastatic spread.ConclusionsSomatically derived tumours with YST‐like morphology at an extragonadal location present a potential diagnostic pitfall. This type of neoplasm has not been previously reported in males at this location. Therefore, SMARCB1/INI1 should be included in the immunohistochemistry work‐up of any neoplasm that morphologically resembles YST at an extragonadal site, even in the setting of positive germ cell tumour markers, as the correct diagnosis has prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Fatigue durability of an environmental barrier coating–coated two‐dimensional woven SiC/SiC composite at elevated temperatures in a steam environment
Authors: Bhatt R. T. , Kalluri S. , Lee K. N. , Stuckner J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSustained‐peak low‐cycle fatigue tests in a steam environment were conducted on uncoated and environmental‐barrier‐coated SiC‐fiber‐reinforced SiC‐matrix (SiC/SiC) composites at 1204 and 1315°C with an R ratio of 0.5 at maximum stresses from 69 to 138 MPa for up to 500‐h run‐out or failure. The composites were fabricated by the melt‐infiltration process and contained Sylramic‐iBN SiC fibers. The run‐out specimens were tensile tested at room temperature to measure residual tensile properties. Computed tomography, microstructural analysis, and fractography of the failed specimens were conducted. Results indicate that at a constant temperature and stress, mechanical cycling causes environmental barrier coating (EBC) damage with increasing exposure time. Moreover, at a fixed exposure time and stress, damage increases with increasing temperature. Breaching of the EBC followed by moisture‐assisted damage and crack growth within the SiC/SiC substrate dictates durability of EBC SiC/SiC composites. The damage and failure mechanisms of the composites are discussed.
Unpacking vulnerability among migrant minors in the EU: A case study of vulnerability among migrant minors in Spain
Authors: de Lorenzo Gilsanz Francisco Javier , Flores Martos Raúl , Mora Rosado Sebastián 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article focuses on the study of the specific social vulnerability of migrant minors during their arrival and the corresponding integration processes in the host countries. The analysis focuses on identifying risks of social vulnerability using a conceptual framework based on the notion of social exclusion. Using a multidimensional, processual approach, the construction of vulnerability in households with migrant minors is analysed in comparison with households with non‐migrant minors (in the EU, using Spain as a case study). Despite having an intermediate‐level mean income, and despite economic development in the country, Spain has seen a re‐emergence of child poverty that has had a significant impact on households with minors. The lack of targeted programmes and low levels of investment contributes to one in four minors living below the at‐risk‐of‐poverty line. The economic crisis of 2008 and the COVID‐19 pandemic have worsened the situation, especially in households with migrant minors.
Six‐principal‐component high‐entropy IVB–VB diborides: Low‐temperature synthesis, microwave absorption, and mechanisms
Authors: Liu Jianghao , Liu Delei , Gu Junfeng , Zhang Haijun , Huang Liang , Huang Zhong , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOwing to their outstanding performances significantly superior to that of the low‐ and medium‐entropy counterparts, high‐entropy diborides attracted extensive attention. Nevertheless, the rising configuration entropy of high‐entropy diborides rendered not only the better performances but also the greater formation difficulty due to the strengthened sluggish‐diffusion effect. Herein, high‐entropy (Hf0.167Zr0.167Ti0.167Ta0.167Nb0.167V0.167)B2, as the first reported six‐principal‐component high‐entropy IVB–VB transition‐metal diborides, was successfully synthesized by a microwave and molten‐salt co‐assisted thermal‐reduction method, under the temperature conditions (1400°C/20 min) remarkably milder than that required by the conventional method for synthesizing high‐entropy diborides. More importantly, the as‐synthesized high‐entropy diboride powders exhibited high composition uniformity, single‐crystalline nature and hexagon‐platelet‐like morphology. Furthermore, the high microwave absorption performance of high‐entropy (Hf0.167Zr0.167Ti0.167Ta0.167Nb0.167V0.167)B2 was demonstrated to be favorable for enhancing its synthesis and self‐assembly by producing a unique micro‐zone hot‐spot effect. This research was predicted to promote the development of synthetic technique and dramatically expand the membership of high‐entropy materials.
Enhancing electrical properties in CaMnO3‐based ceramics: The impact of single doping with different elements
Authors: Amirkhizi P. , Madre M. A. , Constantinescu G. , Torres M. A. , Sotelo A. , Kovalevsky A. V. , Rasekh Sh. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study explores the effect of single doping with different rare earth elements (Y, La, and Yb) on the structural, morphological and electrical properties of CaMnO3 bulk ceramics, aiming to improve their thermoelectric performance. Ca(1‐x)RxMnO3 (R = Y, La, Yb; x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) samples were synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. XRD analysis confirmed the thermoelectric CaMnO3 phase as the major one, with orthorhombic perovskite structure. Small amounts of secondary phases (CaMn2O4 and Mn2O3) were also detected in some doped samples. The addition of dopants influenced the unit cell parameters, producing a shift to lower 2θ angles, confirming their incorporation into the ceramic structure. SEM micrographs revealed a significant reduction in grain size upon doping. Electrical resistivity measurements showed a metallic behavior for all doped samples. The Y‐doped samples exhibited the highest resistivity values while the Yb‐doped samples showed the lowest values (6.8 mΩ cm for the 0.10 doped one), which are among the lowest found in literature for this compound. The Seebeck coefficient values show minor changes for 0.05 doped samples when they decreased with increasing concentration of dopant. Consequently, the highest values were observed for 0.05‐doped sample (−215 µV/K), independently of the dopant. This value is much higher than the ones typically reported in the literature. The highest value of the power factor was calculated for the 0.05 Yb doped sample, reaching approximately 0.56 mW/K2·m at 800°C. This value is higher than the best presented in the literature for this compound, to the best of our knowledge, and suggests that Yb3+ doping greatly enhances the high‐temperature thermoelectric performance of bulk CaMnO3 ceramics, making it a promising dopant for high‐efficiency thermoelectric materials.
You're (Not) My Type‐ Can LLMs Generate Feedback of Specific Types for Introductory Programming Tasks?
Authors: Lohr Dominic , Keuning Hieke , Kiesler Natalie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundFeedback as one of the most influential factors for learning has been subject to a great body of research. It plays a key role in the development of educational technology systems and is traditionally rooted in deterministic feedback defined by experts and their experience. However, with the rise of generative AI and especially large language models (LLMs), we expect feedback as part of learning systems to transform, especially for the context of programming. In the past, it was challenging to automate feedback for learners of programming. LLMs may create new possibilities to provide richer, and more individual feedback than ever before.ObjectivesThis article aims to generate specific types of feedback for introductory programming tasks using LLMs. We revisit existing feedback taxonomies to capture the specifics of the generated feedback, such as randomness, uncertainty and degrees of variation.MethodsWe iteratively designed prompts for the generation of specific feedback types (as part of existing feedback taxonomies) in response to authentic student programs. We then evaluated the generated output and determined to what extent it reflected certain feedback types.Results and ConclusionThis study provides a better understanding of different feedback dimensions and characteristics. The results have implications for future feedback research with regard to, for example, feedback effects and learners' informational needs. It further provides a basis for the development of new tools and learning systems for novice programmers including feedback generated by AI.