bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials for Fluorescence and Multimodal Bioimaging
Authors: Sobhanan Jeladhara , Anas Abdulaziz , Biju Vasudevanpillai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBioconjugated nanomaterials replace molecular probes in bioanalysis and bioimagingin vitroandin vivo. Nanoparticles of silica, metals, semiconductors, polymers, and supramolecular systems, conjugated with contrast agents and drugs for image‐guided (MRI, fluorescence, PET, Raman, SPECT, photodynamic, photothermal, and photoacoustic) therapy infiltrate into preclinical and clinical settings. Small bioactive molecules like peptides, proteins, or DNA conjugated to the surfaces of drugs or probes help us to interface them with cells and tissues. Nevertheless, the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of nanodrugs, nanoprobes, and their components become the clinical barriers, underscoring the significance of developing biocompatible next‐generation drugs and contrast agents. This account provides state‐of‐the‐art advancements in the preparation and biological applications of bioconjugated nanomaterials and their molecular, cell, andin vivoapplications. It focuses on the preparation, bioimaging, and bioanalytical applications of monomodal and multimodal nanoprobes composed of quantum dots, quantum clusters, iron oxide nanoparticles, and a few rare earth metal ion complexes.
Optimization of phosphorus recovery using electrochemical struvite precipitation and comparison with iron electrocoagulation system
Authors: Bhoi Gyana P. , Singh Kripa S. , Connor Dennis A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA batch monopolar reactor was developed for total phosphorus (TP) recovery using electrochemical struvite precipitation. This study involves the optimization of factors using response surface methodology to maximize the TP recovery. The optimal parameters for this study were found to be a pH of 8.40, a retention time of 35 min, a current density of 300 A/m2, and an interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm, resulting in 97.3% of TP recovery and energy consumption of 2.35 kWh/m3. A kinetic study for TP removal revealed that at optimum operating conditions, TP removal follows second‐order kinetics (removal rate constant(K) = 0.0117 mg/(m2·min)). The system performance was compared to the performance of an iron electrocoagulation system. The composition of the precipitate obtained during the optimal runs were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction and EDS analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis of the magnesium precipitate revealed the presence of struvite as the only crystalline compound.Practitioner Points
Electrochemical struvite precipitation has the potential to recover total phosphorus from anaerobic bioreactor effluent.
Optimum conditions for phosphorus recovery was found at a pH of 8.4, retention time of 35 min, current density of 300 A/m2, and interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm.
The quadratic model predicted complete (100 %) TP recovery under optimized conditions, whereas 97.3 % recovery was observed under experimental conditions.
TP removal under optimum conditions followed second‐order rate equation (removal rate constant(K) = 0.0117 mg/(m2·min)).
XRD analysis of the precipitate revealed struvite as the only crystalline compound.
The three major themes of women's birthing experiences: A qualitative study in Saudi National Guard hospitals
Authors: Almahmoud Hanin , Al‐Bsheish Mohammad , Cozad Melanie , Shams Taghreed , Almahmoud Hadeel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChildbirth is the most significant interaction between pregnant women and the health system. Women's satisfaction during the birthing process is an essential indicator of care quality because satisfaction reflects the gaps between expected and actual care and services. In‐depth studies of women's birthing experiences and maternity services provided in public and private sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are needed to improve the health system. Such studies are particularly critical because ongoing privatization policies continue to change Saudi Arabia's approach to childbirth. This qualitative study drew on 78 semistructured interviews to better understand the key themes that arose regarding women's satisfaction with their birthing experiences. The study compared women's birthing experiences in public and private sections of two selected National Guard hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The findings yielded three major themes as follows: Hospitals, Doctors, and Nurses. Overall, women in the public sections of hospitals were less satisfied with their quality care due to a lack of privacy, and the respondents reported receiving mediocre attention from nurses when compared with that received by women in private sections. The study's findings stand to inform policymakers about the current situation of the Saudi Arabian health‐care system and the services rendered. Thus, leaders implementing strategic plans should pay careful attention to the three revealed themes to create better care quality and increase women's satisfaction during privatization.
An Eshelby inclusion in a nonlinearly coupled thermoelectric bi‐material and tri‐material
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe first derive an analytic solution to Eshelby's problem concerning a circular inclusion within one of two perfectly bonded nonlinearly coupled thermoelectric half‐planes. The inclusion undergoes a prescribed uniform electric current‐free thermoelectric potential gradient and a prescribed uniform energy flux‐free temperature gradient. Closed‐form expressions for the six analytic functions characterizing the thermoelectric fields of electric current density and energy flux in all three phases of the composite are obtained primarily with the aid of analytic continuation. A general method is then proposed for the analytic solution of Eshelby's problem of an inclusion of arbitrary shape in a nonlinearly coupled thermoelectric bi‐material. Finally, we extend our ideas to the case of a tri‐material by developing an analytic solution to the thermoelectric problem associated with a circular Eshelby inclusion in a nonlinearly coupled thermoelectric tri‐material composed of two semi‐infinite thermoelectric media bonded together through an intermediate thermoelectric layer of finite thickness.
Soft theorems for boosts and other time symmetries
Authors: Hui Lam , Joyce Austin , Komissarov Ilia , Parmentier Klaas , Santoni Luca , Wong Sam S. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe derive soft theorems for theories in which time symmetries — symmetries that involve the transformation of time, an example of which are Lorentz boosts — are spontaneously broken. The soft theorems involve unequal-time correlation functions with the insertion of a soft Goldstone in the far past. Explicit checks are provided for several examples, including the effective theory of a relativistic superfluid and the effective field theory of inflation. We discuss how in certain cases these unequal-time identities capture information at the level of observables that cannot be seen purely in terms of equal-time correlators of the field alone. We also discuss when it is possible to phrase these soft theorems as identities involving equal-time correlators.
The Association between Religiosity and Fertility Intentions Via Grandparenting: Evidence from GGS Data
Authors: Dantis Charalampos , Rizzi Ester Lucia , Baudin Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough the literature concerning the association between religiosity and fertility in European countries is already quite extensive, studies exploring the mechanisms of action of religiosity are rare. The main aim of this article is to investigate whether grandparental childcare is a mediating or moderating variable in the association between attendance at religious services and the intention to have a second or third child. Building on previous literature, we assume that parents who are more religious might put more effort into establishing a positive relation with the grandparents of their child/children. Consequently, compared to parents who are less religious, those who are more religious could be more receptive to possible encouragement from grandparents to have another child and may be more optimistic regarding grandparents’ involvement with an additional child. Using Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) data for eleven European countries, we find evidence of a strong and positive effect of attendance at religious services on fertility intentions. Receipt of regular or weekly help from grandparents positively moderates the association between attendance at religious services and fertility intentions, albeit only for male respondents and mainly for the intention to have a second child.
Ultradiscrete hard-spring equation and its phase plane analysis
Authors: Isojima Shin , Suzuki Seiichiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUltradiscretization enables us to construct a piecewise linear equation which approximates a given subtraction-free difference equation. Recently proposed “ultradiscretization with parity variables” (pUD) can treat an equation with subtraction. However, its solution may have an infinite number of branches under some specific conditions. In this paper, solutions of pUD for the hard-spring equation is investigated. The pUD equation is reinterpreted as the mapping which maps a set on the phase plane to another one, and the behaviour of the solutions are analyzed through approximative transition diagrams.As a result, the infinite branches are translated into a few finite branches and allowed easier understanding.
Benchmarking automotive nonwoven composites from date palm midrib and spadix fibers in comparison to commercial leaf fibers
Authors: Elseify Lobna A. , Midani Mohamad , El-Badawy Ayman A. , Seyam Abdel-Fattah M. , Jawaid Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn an attempt to increase the biodiversity of natural fibers, new sources of natural fibers should be discovered. Long textile-grade date palm (DP) fibers were used in the manufacturing of 50:50 polypropylene nonwoven composite. DP fibers are considered newcomers to the natural fiber library. The main aim of this work was to benchmark different types of DP fiber composites in comparison to other commercial leaf fiber composites, namely, sisal, abaca, and banana, in addition to FlexForm automotive composites. The composites were mechanically and physically characterized in order to determine their properties. The results showed that the void content in DP composites was lower than that in sisal and abaca by 33% and 40% respectively. DP composites have tensile strength within the same range as sisal composites and higher than that of banana by nearly 33%. The modulus of elasticity and failure strain of DP composites were nearly 3 GPa and up to 3% respectively. The flexural strength of DP composites (35 MPa) was in the same range as that of sisal and abaca. The normalized impact energy of DP composites was higher than that of banana by 50%. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the six composites showed similar behavior with a glass transition temperature around 10 °C. Finally, the water absorption behavior of DP composites was better than the other composites (lower than sisal by 63%). The results showed that DP fibers are good candidates for applications in automotive interior composites, given their competitive performance and high potential availability.
Moderate Stability among Delay, Probability, and Effort Discounting in Humans
Authors: Escobar Gisel G. , Morales-Chainé Silvia , Haynes Jeremy M. , Santoyo Carlos , Mitchell Suzanne H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe stability of delay discounting across time has been well-established. However, limited research has examined the stability of probability discounting, and no studies of the stability of effort discounting are available. The present study assessed the steady-state characteristics of delay, probability, and effort discounting tasks across time with hypothetical rewards in humans, as well as whether response characteristics suggested a common discounting equation. Participants completed delay, probability, and effort discounting tasks on three occasions. We found moderate relative stability of delay and probability tasks, and similar evidence for absolute stability across time for all tasks. The interclass correlations coefficient showed some correspondence across time points and tasks, and higher levels of between subject variability, especially for the effort discounting task, suggesting trait level variables has a stronger influence on performance than state level variables. Performance on the delay and probability tasks were moderately correlated and similar mathematical functions fit choice patterns on both tasks (hyperbolic), suggesting that delay and probability discounting processes shared some common elements. Lower correlations and different function fits suggested that effort discounting involves more unique features.
Prediction of Prednisolone Dose Correction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Sato Hiroyasu , Kimura Yoshinobu , Ohba Masahiro , Ara Yoshiaki , Wakabayashi Susumu , Watanabe Hiroaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWrong dose, a common prescription error, can cause serious patient harm, especially in the case of high-risk drugs like oral corticosteroids. This study aims to build a machine learning model to predict dose-related prescription modifications for oral prednisolone tablets (i.e., highly imbalanced data with very few positive cases). Prescription data were obtained from the electronic medical records at a single institute. Cluster analysis classified the clinical departments into six clusters with similar patterns of prednisolone prescription. Two patterns of training datasets were created with/without preprocessing by the SMOTE method. Five ML models (SVM, KNN, GB, RF, and BRF) and logistic regression (LR) models were constructed by Python. The model was internally validated by five-fold stratified cross-validation and was validated with a 30% holdout test dataset. Eighty-two thousand five hundred fifty-three prescribing data for prednisolone tablets containing 135 dose-corrected positive cases were obtained. In the original dataset (without SMOTE), only the BRF model showed a good performance (in test dataset, ROC-AUC:0.917, recall: 0.951). In the training dataset preprocessed by SMOTE, performance was improved on all models. The highest performance models with SMOTE were SVM (in test dataset, ROC-AUC: 0.820, recall: 0.659) and BRF (ROC-AUC: 0.814, recall: 0.634). Although the prescribing data for dose-related collection are highly imbalanced, various techniques such as the following have allowed us to build high-performance prediction models: data preprocessing by SMOTE, stratified cross-validation, and BRF classifier corresponding to imbalanced data. ML is useful in complicated dose audits such as oral prednisolone.
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural synthesis from fructose over deep eutectic solvents in batch reactors and continuous flow microreactors
Authors: Ruan Chencong , Heeres Hero Jan , Yue Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) was prepared and applied for the conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), catalyzed by HCl in both laboratory batch reactors and continuous flow microreactors. The effects of reaction temperature, batch time, catalyst loading and molar ratio of ChCl to EG on the fructose conversion and HMF yield were first investigated in the monophasic batch system of ChCl/EG DES. To inhibit HMF-involved side reactions (e.g., its polymerization to humins), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) was used as the extraction agent to form a biphasic system with DES in batch reactors. As a result, the maximum HMF yield could be enhanced at an MIBK to DES volume ratio of 3:1, e.g., increased from 48% in the monophasic DES (with a molar ratio ChCl to EG at 1:3) to 63% in the biphasic system at 80°C and 5 mol% of HCl loading. Based on the optimized results in batch reactors, biphasic experiments were conducted in capillary microreactors under slug flow operation, where a maximum HMF yield of ca. 61% could be obtained in 13 min, which is similar to that in batch under otherwise the same conditions. The slight mass transfer limitation in microreactors was confirmed by performing experiments with microreactors of varying length, and comparing the characteristic mass transfer time and reaction time, indicating further room for improvement.

Highlights
• The efficient fructose conversion to HMF in deep eutectic solvents was achieved in batch reactors and microreactors.
• An HMF yield over 60% could be obtained at a fructose conversion above 90% in both reactors at 80°C within 14 min.
• The HMF yield was enhanced from 48% in the monophasic ChCl/EG system to 63% in the DES-MBIK biphasic system in batch.
• A slight mass transfer limitation was found in the biphasic slug flow microreactor.

Graphical Abstract
3D-printed sound absorbers: compact and customisable at broadband frequencies
Authors: Setaki F. , Tian F. , Turrin Michela , Tenpierik M. , Nijs L. , van Timmeren A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses a novel, compact sound absorption solution with high performance at various frequencies, including low frequencies, achieved through the effective use of Computational Design and Additive Manufacturing (AM). Sound absorption is widely applied for reducing noise and improving room acoustics; however, it is often constrained by conventional design, material properties and production techniques, which offer limited options for customising performance. This research highlights that AM, in combination with computational design tools, can support the development of novel sound-absorbing products with high performance based on the principle of viscothermal wave propagation in prismatic tubes. The potential of these designs was explored via two studies of customised sound-absorbing panels whose performance was measured in a reverberation room. A custom measurement technique was used based on logarithmic sweeps with high-resolution FFT analysis. A comparison of the measurement results with the theory of viscothermal wave propagation indicated good agreement; thus, this study demonstrates the possibility of developing new concepts and design methods for novel room acoustic devices.
Analysis of COVID-19 Infection Chains in a School Setting: Data From a School-Based rRT-PCR–Gargle Pool Test System
Authors: Gruendl Magdalena , Kheiroddin Parastoo , Althammer Michael , Schöberl Patricia , Rohrmanstorfer René , Wallerstorfer Daniel , Ambrosch Andreas , Kabesch Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
School testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was implemented in some countries to monitor and prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmissions. Here, we analyze infection chains in primary schools and household members of infected students based on systematic real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (rRT-PCR)–gargle pool testing.

Methods:
Students and school staff (N = 4300) of all 38 primary schools in the rural county of Cham, Germany, were tested twice per week with a gargle pool rRT-PCR system from April to July of 2021. Infection chains of all 8 positive cases identified by school testing were followed up.

Results:
In total, 8 positive cases were found by gargle pool PCR testing based on 96,764 school tests. While no transmissions occurred in the school setting, 20 of 27 household members of the 8 cases tested positive. The overall attack rate was 74.1% in families.

Conclusions:
No school outbreaks occurred during the study period. All cases but 1 were initially picked up by school testing. No transmission from school to families was observed.
A Scoping Review of Pediatric Mass-Casualty Incident Triage Algorithms
Authors: El Tawil Chady , Bergeron Amy , Khalil Elene 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective:
For the pediatric population, there is no consensus on which triage system to use for mass-casualty incidents (MCI). A scoping review was conducted to identify the most accurate triage system for pediatric patients in MCIs.

Methods:
MEDLINE (NLM, Bethesda, MA, USA), Embase (Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands), CINAHL (EBSCO Information Services, Ipswitch, MA, USA), and The Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA), as well as Scopus (Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands), Global Health (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International, Wallingford, UK), Global Health Archive (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International, Wallingford, UK), and Global Index Medicus (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland) were searched for relevant studies that were divided into 3 categories: accuracy of a single system, comparison of 2 or more primary triage system and comparison of secondary triage systems. Grey literature was also searched.

Results:
996 studies were identified from which 18 studies were included. Systems studied were found to have poor inter-rater reliability, had a low level of agreement between providers, had missed critically ill patients or were not externally validated. 11 studies compared pediatric MCI triage algorithms using different strategies and the most accurate algorithm was not identified. A recently developed secondary triage system, specifically for pediatric patients, was found to perform better than the comparison triage system.

Conclusion:
Although some algorithms performed better than others, no primary triage algorithm was accurate enough for the pediatric population. However, only 1 secondary triage algorithm was found to be superior to the others.
Local, democratic community justice in the Mental Health Act 1983
Authors: Webb Thomas E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAssociate Hospital Managers (AHMs) are members of the local community with a power under section 23 of the Mental Health Act 1983 to discharge people from compulsory mental health care against medical advice. They provide scrutiny of professional decisions and, in so doing, protect patient liberty by providing review of compulsory care. Abolition of the AHMs has been contemplated on numerous occasions, most recently by the Independent Review of the Mental Health Act 1983 (December 2018), the White Paper on ‘Reforming the Mental Health Act’ (January 2021) and the Government's response (July 2021). Through an historical and contemporary consideration of the section 23 power spanning 1808–2022, this paper argues that removal of the AHMs would be detrimental to the legitimacy of the 1983 Act. This is because the abolition of the AHMs would undermine the principles of local, democratic, community oversight entailed by section 23, and found nowhere else in the Act. The Draft Mental Health Bill (June 2022) does not address these concerns.
Development and validation of the Male Post-coital Affect Scale for heterosexual men
Authors: Pérez Marta , Hoppe Jørgen , Landau Anne M. , Winterdahl Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Male Post-coital Affect Scale (MPAS), which was developed to assess positive post-coital feelings in men.Methods:After a pilot study, we validated our scale on a sample of American heterosexual men, who answered our questionnaire on the internet through Amazon Mechanical Turk. We tested the reliability using internal consistency. The validity was examined by assessing content, face and construct validity by testing the association between our scale, the Experience in Close Relationships Scale and other instruments.Results:A total of 484 volunteers were included in the study. Cronbach’s α for the scale was 0.83. Our scale was negatively correlated with attachment avoidance, r(482) = −0.36, p < 0.001) and Perceived Stress Scale, r(482) = −0.18, p < 0.001, and positively correlated with sexual satisfaction, r(482) = 0.18, p < 0.001.Conclusion:The MPAS is a reliable and valid tool to assess positive post-coital feelings in men.