bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bismuth release from endodontic materials: in vivo analysis using Wistar rats
Authors: Marciano M. A. , Pelepenko L. E. , Francati T. M. , Antunes T. B. M. , Janini A. C. P. , Rohwedder J. J. R. , Shelton R. M. , Camilleri J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCalcium silicate-based materials are used to block the communication between the root canal and the periodontal ligament space. This brings the materials into contact with tissues and the potential for local and systemic elemental release and movement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the elemental release of bismuth from ProRoot MTA in contact with connective tissues after 30 and 180 days as well as any accumulation in peripheral organs using an animal model. Tricalcium silicate and hydroxyapatite containing 20% bismuth oxide (HAp-Bi) were used as controls. The null hypothesis was that bismuth migrates from tricalcium silicate-based materials when associated with silicon. The materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction prior to implantation as well as using SEM/EDS, micro X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy after implantation to assess elemental presence in surrounding tissues. Histological analysis was used to evaluate the changes in tissue architecture and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to investigate the elemental deposition. For the systemic investigation, routine blood analysis was performed and organs were obtained to evaluate the presence of bismuth and silicon using ICP-MS after acid digestion. In the histological analysis of the implantation sites, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells could be observed after 30 days which after 180 days became a chronic infiltrate; although, no major differences were identified in red and white blood cell analyses and biochemical tests. Implantation altered the materials as observed in the Raman analysis and bismuth was detected both locally and within kidney samples after both periods of analysis, indicating the potential for accumulation of bismuth in this organ. Smaller amounts of bismuth than observed in the kidney were also detected in blood, liver and brain for the ProRoot MTA and HAp-Bi after 180 days. Bismuth was released from the ProRoot MTA locally and was detected systemically and in samples without silicon; thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. The bismuth release demonstrated that this element accumulated both locally and systemically, mainly in the kidneys in comparison with brain and liver regardless of the material base.
Social preferences trump emotions in human responses to unfair offers
Authors: Buskens Vincent , Kovacic Ingrid , Rutterkamp Elwin , van de Rijt Arnout , Terburg David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeople commonly reject unfair offers even if this leaves them worse off. Some explain this as a rational response based on social preferences. Others argue that emotions override self-interest in the determination of rejection behavior. We conducted an experiment in which we measured responders’ biophysical reactions (EEG and EMG) to fair and unfair offers. We measured biophysicaltrait angerusing resting-state EEG (frontal alpha-asymmetry),state angerusing facial expressions, offerexpectancy processingusing event-related EEG (medial-frontal negativity; MFN) and self-reported emotions. We systematically varied whether rejections led proposers to lose their share (Ultimatum Game; UG) or not (Impunity Game; IG). Results favor preference-based accounts: Impunity minimizes rejection despite increasing subjectively reported anger. Unfair offers evoke frowning responses, but frowning does not predict rejection. Prosocial responders reject unfair UG offers more often after unmet fairness expectations. These results suggest that responders do not reject unfairness out of anger. Rather, people seem motivated to reject unfair offers when they violate their behavioral code but only when rejection has payoff consequences for the proposer, allowing them to reciprocate and restore equity. Thus, social preferences trump emotions when responding to unfair offers.
Slip instability behavior of block rock masses on dynamic-static combined loads
Authors: Wang Kaixing , Shi Purui , Pan Yishan , Oparin V. N. , Dou Linming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA rock mass is a system of various scale blocks embodied into one another. Inter-block layers are usually composed of weaker and fissured rocks. On the action of dynamic-static loads, it can induce slip instability between blocks. In this paper, the slip instability laws of block rock masses are studied. Based on theory and calculation analysis finding that the friction force between rock blocks varies with block vibration and the friction between rock blocks can drop sharply, resulting in slip instability. The critical thrust and occurrence time of block rock masses slip instability are proposed. The factors affecting block slipping instability are analyzed. This study has significance to the rock burst mechanism induced by slip instability of rock masses.
Artificial reefs reduce the adverse effects of mud and transport stress on behaviors of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Hu Fangyuan , Wang Huiyan , Tian Ruihuan , Wu Guo , Wang Luo , Chang Yaqing , Zhao Chong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPoor survival of seeds reduces the production efficiency of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in pond culture. We investigated the effects of sea mud on the movement-related behaviors of A. japonicus with different body sizes. Mud significantly decreased crawling behavior and wall-reaching behavior in small seeds (~ 1 g of body weight), but not in the large ones (~ 2.5 g of body weight). These behaviors were significantly greater in the large seeds of A. japonicus than those in the small individuals when they were both on the mud. This clearly suggests that mud has negative effects on the movement-related behaviors of small seeds, but not on large individuals. We further assessed the effects of inevitable transport stress on the movement-related behaviors of A. japonicus on mud. Significantly poorer performances in crawling behavior, wall-reaching behavior and struggling behavior were observed in stressed A. japonicus (both sizes) than those in unstressed groups. These new findings indicate that transport stress further increases the adverse effects on the movement-related behaviors of A. japonicus on mud. Moreover, we investigated whether adverse effects can be reduced when individuals are directly seeded onto artificial reefs. Crawling behavior, wall-reaching behavior and struggling behavior in stressed A. japonicus (both sizes) seeded onto artificial reefs were significantly greater than those on mud, whereas artificial reefs did not significantly improve the crawling and struggling behaviors of unstressed small seeds. These results collectively indicate that mud and transport stress show negative impacts on the movement-related behaviors of sea cucumbers. Artificial reefs greatly reduce these adverse effects and probably contribute to improving the production efficiency of sea cucumbers in pond culture.
Differences in engineers’ brain activity when CAD modelling from isometric and orthographic projections
Authors: Lukačević Fanika , Becattini Niccolò , Perišić Marija Majda , Škec Stanko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA way of presenting information in visual representations of technical systems influences the progress and the outcome of the engineering design process. Consequently, improving the means by and through which information is utilised during the process is one suggested approach to advancing engineering design. Engineers’ interaction with visual representations of technical systems is mainly visual and virtual. Although such interactions are cognitively complex, little is known about cognition (mental information processing) underlying the utilisation of design information during engineering design. To narrow the research gap, this study explores how visual representations of technical systems affect engineers’ brain activity while generating computer-aided design (CAD) models based on them. More precisely, the brain activity of 20 engineers is captured and analysed using electroencephalography (EEG) during the visuospatially-intensive design tasks of CAD modelling in two conditions; when technical systems are presented with orthographic and isometric projections in technical drawings. The results imply the sensitivity of engineers’ brain activity in CAD modelling to the visual representation from which a technical system is interpreted. In particular, significant differences are found in theta, alpha, and beta task-related power (TRP) over the cortex when interpreting the technical drawings and CAD modelling from them. Furthermore, the results reveal significant differences in theta and alpha TRP when considering the individual electrodes, the cortical hemispheres, and the cortical areas. In particular, theta TRP over the right hemisphere and the frontal area seems essential in distinguishing neurocognitive responses to the orthographic and isometric projections. As such, the conducted exploratory study sets the foundations for exploring engineers’ brain activity while performing visuospatially-intensive design tasks, whose segments are relatable to the aspects of visuospatial thinking. Future work will explore brain activity in other design activities that are highly visuospatial, with a larger sample size and an EEG device of a higher spatial resolution.
Targeting CDK1 in cancer: mechanisms and implications
Authors: Wang Qiushi , Bode Ann M. , Zhang Tianshun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are proposed as promising candidate targets for cancer treatment. These proteins complexed with cyclins play a critical role in cell cycle progression. Most CDKs demonstrate substantially higher expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and, according to the TCGA database, correlate with survival rate in multiple cancer types. Deregulation of CDK1 has been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. CDK1 activation plays a critical role in a wide range of cancer types; and CDK1 phosphorylation of its many substrates greatly influences their function in tumorigenesis. Enrichment of CDK1 interacting proteins with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the associated proteins participate in multiple oncogenic pathways. This abundance of evidence clearly supports CDK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. A number of small molecules targeting CDK1 or multiple CDKs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical studies. Notably, some of these small molecules have also been subjected to human clinical trials. This review evaluates the mechanisms and implications of targeting CDK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
Mineral evolution facilitated Earth’s oxidation
Authors: Shang Haitao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOxygenation events remarkably altered the distribution, diversity, and abundance of minerals on Earth’s surface. However, the causality in the opposite direction—the influence of mineral evolution on atmospheric oxygen levels—has rarely been explored. Here I propose that mineral evolution might have led Earth’s oxygen cycle to lose stability, facilitating oxygenation events in deep time. First, I introduce a conceptual model for the system of organic matter and minerals and investigate their interactions via a probabilistic approach. Second, in light of the theoretical results, I suggest that the evolution of iron and clay minerals likely had an underappreciated relevance to the Great Oxidation Event and Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event, respectively. Finally, I use the parameter values estimated from observations in modern environments as benchmarks to test these speculations. This study provides a minimalistic theoretical framework illustrating the possible influence of mineral evolution on Earth’s oxygen cycle over geologic time.
Landscape heterogeneity and soil biota are central to multi-taxa diversity for oil palm landscape restoration
Authors: Montoya-Sánchez Vannesa , Kreft Holger , Arimond Isabelle , Ballauff Johannes , Berkelmann Dirk , Brambach Fabian , Daniel Rolf , Grass Ingo , Hines Jes , Hölscher Dirk , Irawan Bambang , Krause Alena , Polle Andrea , Potapov Anton , Sachsenmaier Lena , Scheu Stefan , Sundawati Leti , Tscharntke Teja , Zemp Delphine Clara , Guerrero-Ramírez Nathaly 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnhancing biodiversity in monoculture-dominated landscapes is a key sustainability challenge that requires considering the spatial organization of ecological communities (beta diversity). Here, we tested whether increasing landscape heterogeneity, through establishing 52 tree islands in an oil-palm landscape, is a suitable restoration strategy to enhance the diversity of six taxa (multi-taxa diversity). Further, we elucidated whether patterns in the spatial distribution of above- and below-ground taxa are related, and their role in shaping multi-taxa beta diversity. After five years, islands enhanced diversity at the landscape scale by fostering unique species (turnover). Partial correlation networks revealed that dissimilarity, in vegetation structural complexity and soil conditions, impacts multi-taxa beta diversity and turnover. In addition, soil fauna, bacteria, and fungi were more strongly associated with the overall community than aboveground taxa. Thus, strategies aiming to enhance multi-taxa diversity should consider the central role of landscape heterogeneity and soil biota.
Use of Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) in Prosthetic-Guided Reconstruction on Two-Wall Bone Defect after Cystectomy: An Alternative to Traditional Regeneration
Authors: Franco Rocco , Cervino Gabriele , Vazzana Giuseppe , Rocca Fabio della , Ferrari Giulia , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis clinical case report's objective was to describe an alternative technique executed to ensure bone regeneration after removing a cystic lesion in the upper jaw. The bone defect after the cystectomy was filled with autologous fibrin-rich clots containing concentrated growth factor (CGF). A 45-year-old female patient was presumed to have a cystic lesion with massive bone destruction on the vestibular and palatal walls between teeth 2.2 and 2.3. CGF was applied to fill the gap to promote the development of the bone. The tooth was asymptomatic and repair was still increasing steadily after a year, according to the results of the clinical and radiological follow-up assessment. This article describes a different way to treat a two-wall defect involving both the palatal and buccal bone, after removing a cystic lesion, with the use of CGF as an equivalent to the traditional use of autologous or heterologous bone. A promising substance for bone repair is CGF fibrin, which may encourage the growth of new bone in jaw deformities and promote bone tissue healing.
Comparative Evaluation of Serum Lithium Estimation Using Plain Glass Vial and Serum Clot Activator Vacutainer by Reflectance Photometry
Authors: Sahu Prabesh Kumar , Sahoo Sibasish , Chatterjee Namrata , Majhi Jitendra , Dutta Atanu Kumar , Goswami Kalyan , Pal Amit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction The collection of blood samples in different vacutainers can affect the result of serum lithium estimation due to the presence of distinct additives in the blood collection vacutainer for enhancing the clot formation process. Due to the low therapeutic index and threat of toxicity of lithium, it is imperative to correctly report the test result. Thus, it has become a challenge for the laboratory physician to estimate lithium in any clinical laboratory setup.
Materials and Methods Sample of 100 patients were collected and paired into clot activator vacutainers and plain glass vials. After centrifugation, samples from the paired collection tubes were processed immediately for serum lithium estimation by VITROS 4600 analyzer working on the principle of reflectance photometry. Both the paired tubes were stored at 2 to 8°C and were further analyzed, at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, from the time of their collection. The statistical analysis was done in IBM SPSS software version 23.
Results There was a statistically significant differences between the mean of lithium values when processed within 1st hour of collection, obtained from clot activator vacutainers in comparison to glass vials. However, within tube comparison, there was no statistical difference in the lithium values estimated at 1st hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours of collection.
Conclusion In this study, lithium values measured by clot-activated vacutainers are found to be lower as compared with values measured through glass vials.
Grassroots governance and social development: theoretical and comparative legal aspects
Authors: Qin Yunyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDemocracy, as a political regime and a political system in which the people are recognised as the source of power, is now facing new challenges. The expansion of human rights raises important new issues for society, such as who should be held accountable for decisions. In contrast to traditional representative democracy, grassroots democracy expands civil rights and liberties and holds citizens more accountable at the local level. Concurrently, it generates some potential benefits for social development, both for the individuals who take part in it and for society as a whole. This study examines the experience of nations worldwide in implementing grassroots democracy and grassroots governance mechanisms. It makes an effort to evaluate the potential and prospects of legal conceptualisation of the concept of grassroots governance and adaptation of personal self-governance systems in terms of the social growth of communities.
Measurement of the coupling coordination relationship between the structures of secondary vocational school programs and industries in China
Authors: Zhan Qinglong , Li Guo , Zhan Wenjie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSecondary vocational education faces constant challenges such as the absence of higher quality, industrial structure upgrading, and a mismatch between the supply of skills and the needs of a specific industry. Therefore, investigating the relationship between the structures of secondary vocational school (SVS) programmes and industries can help us understand their positive interactions and reduce skill mismatch, which is of great significance to the strategies of secondary vocational education and sustainable economic development. Studies on the interactive relationship between SVS programmes and industries and the use of quantitative methods are still lacking. To address this research gap, this paper uses the perspective of coupling and coordination to build a conceptual framework and a computation model to measure the relationship between the two. The method of grey relational analysis is utilized to explore the influencing factors between indicators of SVS programmes and the coupling coordination degree(CCD). Using data from Tianjin, China, the findings are as follows: The interaction between the structure of the SVS programme and industries shows that with the increase in the contribution of the SVS programme structure to the coupling system, the CCD between the two also increases. Compared with the primary and tertiary industries, the secondary industrial structure is more closely related to the SVS programme’s structure, the interaction between the two has a high degree of influence, and the correlation is relatively high between the indicators of secondary industry programmes in SVSs and the CCD. It is necessary to adjust the number of programmes, increase the number of students in the secondary-industry-related programmes and reduce the number of students in the programmes of the primary and tertiary industries to adapt to the needs of a dynamic industrial structure gradually. SVSs should improve programmes in primary and tertiary industries to enhance students’ skills, prepare them for a competitive labour market and strengthen students’ transition from school to work. This study found that the coupling coordination relationship between the two is affected by the following crucial factors: interaction between the two, the contribution of the programme’s structure, regional featured or key industries, and changes in admission policies by the local education authority.
Toward a description of the centrality dependence of the charge balance function in the HYDJET++ model
Authors: Chernyshov A.S. , Eyyubova G.Kh. , Korotkikh V.L. , Lokhtin I.P. , Malinina L.V. , Petrushanko S.V. , Snigirev A.M. , Zabrodin E.E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Data from the Large Hadron Collider on the charge balance function in Pb+Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed and interpreted within the framework of the HYDJET++ model. This model allows us to qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed centrality dependence of the balance function widths at relatively low transverse momentum intervals due to the different charge creation mechanisms in soft and hard processes. However, a fully adequate description of the balance function in these intervals implies an essential modification of the model by including exact charge conservation via the canonical rather than the grand canonical ensemble. A procedure is proposed for introducing charge correlations into the thermal model without changing other model parameters. With increasing transverse momenta, the default model results describe the experimental data much better because the contribution of the soft component of the model is significantly reduced in these transverse momentum intervals. In practical terms, there is a transition to a single source of charge correlations, namely, charge correlations in jets in which exact charge conservation holds at each stage.
Attribution of air temperature and precipitation to the future global drought events
Authors: Fu Rui , Wang Changjing , Ma Dujuan , Gu Hongfan , Xie Qiaoyun , Liu Guoxiang , Yin Gaofei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Quantifying the contributions of air temperature and precipitation changes to drought events can inform decision-makers to mitigate the impact of droughts while existing studies focused mainly on long-term dryness trends. Based on the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we analyzed the changes in drought events and separated the contributions of air temperature and precipitation to the risk of future drought events. We found that drought frequency, duration, severity, and month will increase in the future (56.4%, 63.5%, 82.9%, and 58.2% of the global land area in SSP245, and 58.1%, 67.7%, 85.8%, and 60.5% of the global land area in SSP585, respectively). The intermediate scenario has a similar pattern to the most extreme scenario, but low emission was found to mitigate drought risk. Globally, we found that air temperature will have a greater impact than precipitation on intensifying drought. Increasing precipitation will mitigate drought risks in some middle and high northern latitudes, whilst the trend in increasing air temperature will counter the effects of precipitation and increase the impact of droughts. Our study improves the understanding of the dynamics of future devastating drought events and informs the decision-making of stakeholders.