bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To flat or not to flat? Exploring the impact of flat‐side design on rotary instruments using a comprehensive multimethod investigation
Authors: Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , Alcalde Murilo P. , Martins Jorge N. R. , Vieira Victor T. L. , Vivan Rodrigo R. , Duarte Marco A. H. , Belladonna Felipe G. , Braz‐Fernandes Francisco Manuel , Versiani Marco A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the influence of a flat‐side design on the geometry, metallurgy, mechanical performance and shaping ability of a novel nickel‐titanium rotary instrument.MethodologySixty‐five new 25‐mm flat‐side rotary instruments (size 25, taper 0.04) and their nonflat‐side prototypes (n = 65) were assessed for major deformations and examined regarding macroscopic and microscopic design, determination of nickel and titanium elements ratio, measurement of phase transformation temperature and evaluation of mechanical performance parameters including time/cycles to fracture, maximum torque, angle of rotation, maximum bending and buckling strengths and cutting ability. Additionally, unprepared canal areas, volume of hard tissue debris and percentage reduction of dentine thickness were calculated for each tested instrument after preparing mesial canals of mandibular molars (n = 12), using micro‐CT imaging. Statistical analyses were performed using the U‐Mann–Whitney test and independent Student t‐test (α = 5%).ResultsThe number of spirals (n = 8) and blade direction (clockwise) were similar between both flat and nonflat instruments, whilst the helical angles were equivalent (⁓25°). Flat‐instruments showed inconsistencies in the homogeneity of the gold colour on the flat‐side surface, blade discontinuity, and incomplete and variable S‐shaped cross‐sections. The titanium‐to‐nickel ratios were equivalent, but significant differences in the R‐phase finish and austenitic start phase transformation temperatures were observed between the flat and nonflat‐side instruments. The flat‐side instruments demonstrated superior cutting ability compared to the nonflat instruments, as well as, significantly lower values for time to fracture, rotation to fracture and maximum torque to fracture (p < .001). No statistical difference was observed between tested instruments regarding angle of rotation (p = .437), maximum bending (p = .152) and buckling load (p = .411). Preparation protocols using flat and nonflat instruments did not show any statistically significant differences (p > .05). All flat‐side instruments exhibited deformation after shaping procedures.ConclusionsThe flat‐side instrument showcased enhanced cutting ability compared to its nonflat counterpart. However, it exhibited inferior performance in terms of time, rotation and maximum torque to fracture, along with distinct phase transformation temperatures. No differences were observed in the titanium‐to‐nickel ratios, angle of rotation, maximum bending, buckling load, preparation time, percentage of untouched canal walls, volume of hard tissue debris and percentage reduction of dentine thickness.
Clinical features and diagnostic challenges of mpox (monkeypox) outbreak in Malta: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Valentino Matthew , Muscat Katya , Gauci Alexandra , Gamoudi Donia , Padovese Valeska 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn May of 2022, an mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreak was reported from countries where the disease is not endemic, rising worldwide concern. Malta, the smallest European Union member state, faced unique challenges, with high infection rates compared to the rest of Europe. The aim of the study is to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and unique demographics of mpox patients diagnosed in Malta.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of medical records of all mpox cases recorded from May to September 2022. Demographic data, sexual behaviors and practices, travel history, comorbidities, and HIV status were investigated.ResultsIn the study period, we recorded 33 mpox cases, 97% of them were male, in the age group 30–39 (39%). Ninety percent were gay or bisexual men and 76% non‐Maltese. The most common clinical presentations included skin rash (78%), lymphadenopathy (71%), anogenital lesions (67%), and fever (67%). Twenty‐seven percent of the patients were people living with HIV. In terms of coinfection with STIs, 27% of patients tested positive for gonorrhea, 12% for syphilis, 15% for chlamydia, 9% for herpes simplex virus, and 3% for hepatitis C virus.ConclusionThe results shed light on unique challenges faced by the local sexual health clinic and call for more resources in response to the global emerging of infectious diseases.
Understanding the diversity and dynamics of in vivo efferocytosis: Insights from the fly embryo
Authors: Heron Rosalind , Amato Clelia , Wood Will , Davidson Andrew J. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe clearance of dead and dying cells, termed efferocytosis, is a rapid and efficient process and one that is critical for organismal health. The extraordinary speed and efficiency with which dead cells are detected and engulfed by immune cells within tissues presents a challenge to researchers who wish to unravel this fascinating process, since these fleeting moments of uptake are almost impossible to catch in vivo. In recent years, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)embryo has emerged as a powerful model to circumvent this problem. With its abundance of dying cells, specialist phagocytes and relative ease of live imaging, the humble fly embryo provides a unique opportunity to catch and study the moment of cell engulfment in real‐time within a living animal. In this review, we explore the recent advances that have come from studies in the fly, and how live imaging and genetics have revealed a previously unappreciated level of diversity in the efferocytic program. A variety of efferocytic strategies across the phagocytic cell population ensure efficient and rapid clearance of corpses wherever death is encountered within the varied and complex setting of a multicellular living organism.
Psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for treatment‐resistant depression: Which psychotherapy?
Authors: Crowe Marie , Manuel Jenni , Carlyle Dave , Lacey Cameron 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis perspective paper explores the choice of psychotherapy for psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for treatment‐resistant depression. There is evidence to support the use of some psychotherapies in treating ‘treatment‐resistant’ depression, and emerging evidence for the efficacy of psilocybin. The next step which is the focus of this paper is to identify psychotherapies that are both effective and congruent with the psilocybin experience. The evidence for the efficacy of the psychotherapies is drawn from a Cochrane review and the analysis of their congruence with the psilocybin experience is drawn from a qualitative meta‐synthesis of the experience of psilocybin. The paper will examine whether three one‐to‐one psychotherapies identified as effective in the treatment of treatment‐resistant depression are compatible with the psilocybin experience. Each psychotherapy will be examined in relation to its congruence with the qualitative evidence that suggests the choice of psychotherapy needs to give priority to the subjective experience, facilitate emotional processing, support connectedness with others, acceptance of the self as emotional and support change based on the person's insights into their relationships with others and the world in which they live. We conclude that interpersonal psychotherapy and intensive short‐term dynamic psychotherapy align with that experience, although others are currently being trialled.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by turbulence of mitochondrial fusion and fission was involved in stressed cardiomyocyte injury
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Li Yingmin , Zhu Weihao , Zhang Lihua , Lei Lei , Tian Xiaofei , Chen Ke , Shi Weibo , Cong Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMitochondria are sensitive organelles that sense intrinsic and extrinsic stressors and maintain cellular physiological functions through the dynamic homeostasis of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Numerous pathological processes are associated with mitochondrial fusion and fission disorders. However, the molecular mechanism by which stress induces cardiac pathophysiological changes through destabilising mitochondrial fusion and fission is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway initiated by the turbulence of mitochondrial fusion and fission under stressful circumstances is involved in cardiomyocyte damage. Based on the successful establishment of the classical stress rat model of restraint plus ice water swimming, we measured the content of serum lactate dehydrogenase. We used haematoxylin–eosin staining, special histochemical staining, RT‐qPCR and western blotting to clarify the cardiac pathology, ultrastructural changes and expression patterns of mitochondrial fusion and fission marker proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway proteins. The results indicated that mitochondrial fusion and fission markers and proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum stress JNK signalling pathway showed significant abnormal dynamic changes with the prolongation of stress, and stabilisation of mitochondrial fusion and fission using Mdivi‐1 could effectively improve these abnormal expressions and ameliorate cardiomyocyte injury. These findings suggest that stress could contribute to pathological cardiac injury, closely linked to the endoplasmic reticulum stress JNK signalling pathway induced by mitochondrial fusion and fission turbulence.
Increased serum α‐tocopherol acetate mediated by gut microbiota ameliorates alveolar bone loss through the STAT3 signalling pathway in diabetic periodontitis
Authors: Lu Miao , Zhang Yanan , Yuan Xulei , Zhang Yang , Zhou Mengjiao , Zhang Tingwei , Song Jinlin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether and how gut microbiota‐meditated metabolites regulate alveolar bone homeostasis in diabetic periodontitis (DP).Materials and MethodsLactobacillus casei (L. casei) was employed as a positive modulator of gut microbiota in DP mice. The destruction of alveolar bone was evaluated. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted to screen out the pivotal metabolites. A co‐housing experiment was conducted to determine the connection between the gut microbiota and alpha‐tocopherol acetate (α‐TA). α‐TA was applied to DP mice to investigate its effect against alveolar bone loss. Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were extracted for the in vitro experiment. Transcriptomic analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the major affected signalling pathways.ResultsPositive regulation of the gut microbiota significantly attenuated alveolar bone loss and increased the serum α‐TA level. The alteration in gut microbiota composition could affect the serum α‐T (the hydrolysates of α‐TA) level. α‐TA could alleviate alveolar bone destruction in DP mice and α‐T exert beneficial effects on hPDLCs and HGFs. Mechanistically, the STAT3 signalling pathway was the pivotal pathway involved in the protective role of α‐TA.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota–α‐TA–STAT3 axis plays an important role in the regulation of diabetic alveolar bone homeostasis.
Treatment of deep single RT2 and RT3 antero‐mandibular gingival recessions with a combination of surgical techniques: A case series study
Authors: Fernández‐Jiménez A. , García‐De‐La‐Fuente A. M. , Marichalar‐Mendia X. , Aguirre‐Zorzano L. A. , Estefanía‐Fresco R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate root coverage (RC) in deep single antero‐mandibular RT2 and RT3 gingival recessions (GR) and to investigate the influence of several factors in RC.Materials and MethodsFifteen single antero‐mandibular GR with a minimum depth of 3 mm were consecutively treated with a new one‐stage technique (laterally positioned flap with a tunnel access and a connective tissue graft). At baseline and at 12‐month follow‐up, the percentage of mean root coverage (%MRC), the recession reduction (RecRed), complete root coverage (CRC) and the gain of keratinized tissue width (KTW) were assessed. Descriptive, intergroup comparative and correlation analyses were performed.ResultsAt 12 months, a %MRC of 77.29 ± 21.48% with a mean RecRed of 4.10 ± 1.51 mm was achieved. The %MRC was 84.71 ± 21.08% in RT2, and 62.43 ± 14.17% in RT3. The mean gain of KTW was 2.10 ± 0.89 mm, with a mean gain of 2.0 ± 1.03 mm for RT2 and 2.3 ± 0.57 mm for RT3. CRC was observed in six cases, all of them being RT2. A positive association was found between the %MRC and the initial position of the tooth and of both papillae.ConclusionsThis technique might be a valuable approach for the treatment of deep single antero‐mandibular RT2 and RT3 recessions, even in malpositioned teeth.Clinical SignificanceA combination of different surgical techniques could provide greater vascularization to the CTG especially in malpositioned teeth in sextant V with a large avascular area to be covered.
Utility of body and otolith morphometry to discriminate cryptic juveniles of two sympatric red snappers (Perciformes: Lutjanidae)
Authors: Takahashi Miwa , Wakefield Corey B. , Newman Stephen J. , Hillcoat Kyle B. , Saunders Benjamin J. , Harvey Euan S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe sympatric red snappers, Lutjanus erythropterus and Lutjanus malabaricus, are highly valued by commercial and recreational fishers along the tropical northern coasts of Australia and throughout their distribution. Studies on the life history and ecology of these congeners are confounded by difficulties in distinguishing the cryptic juveniles of each species (i.e., < 200 mm total length). This study aimed to validate a robust and cost‐effective method to discriminate these juveniles using body and/or otolith morphometric data in a multivariate analysis. Juvenile samples were collected from the northwest (n = 71) and northeast (n = 19) coasts of Australia, and species identification was confirmed using DNA barcoding. The most parsimonious multivariate models achieved accurate species prediction rates of 98.8%, which consisted of just three body variables (dorsal fin length, the distance from the snout to the anterior edge of the eye, and either jaw length or distance from the snout to the preoperculum). The high level of discrimination for these cryptic juveniles highlights the robustness of this morphometric approach. The slightly lower rate of discrimination using otolith morphology (84.9%) was associated with greater regional variation in L. malabaricus between the northwest and northeast coasts. Slight variations in otolith shape are typically used to determine stock structure, which highlights the potential need to collect samples over a broader area of a species geographic range when using an otolith morphometric discrimination model. The method outlined in this study could be applied to distinguish other cryptic congeneric fish species, including from archived otolith collections. Moreover, this method has the potential to be utilized in assessing species compositions using body measurements from in situ stereo‐video.
Unraveling the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver diseases through genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Tian Ye , Wang Bo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant health burden around the world, affecting approximately 25% of the population. Recent advances in human genetic databases have allowed for the identification of various single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with NAFLD‐related traits. Investigating the functions of these genetic factors provides insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD and potentially identifies novel therapeutic targets for NAFLD. In this review, we summarized current research on genes with NAFLD‐associated mutations, highlighting phospholipid remodeling and spatially clustered loci as common pathological and genetic features of these mutations. These features suggest a complex yet intriguing mechanism of dissociated steatosis and insulin resistance, which is observed in a subset of patients and may lead to more precise therapy against NAFLD in the future.
Self‐perception of aging and perceived medical discrimination
Authors: Sun Na , Xu Ziyao , Hua Cassandra L. , Qiu Xiao , Pittman Amelia , Abdou Basel , Brown J. Scott 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals who perceive medical discrimination often face adverse consequences. How individuals perceive their own aging experiences may influence perceived medical discrimination due to age by generating expectations that they will receive poor treatment from clinicians, which may be amplified for individuals who also perceive discrimination because of race. This study explored the relationship between self‐perceptions of aging (SPA) and perceived medical discrimination due to age, race, and other reasons.MethodsWe used three waves (2008, 2012, 2016) from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data. Our sample included 10,188 community‐residing individuals aged 51 and over. SPA were measured by two domains: positive SPA and negative SPA. Multinomial logistic regression that adjusted for demographic, health characteristics, and year‐fixed effects was conducted to estimate the relationship between SPA and categories of perceived medical discrimination (age, race, age and race, and other).ResultsApproximately 11% of the population perceived discrimination because of age or race in the medical setting from 2008 to 2016. Older adults who had a positive SPA were 15% [Adjusted relative risk ratio (ARR): 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79–0.91], 13% [ARRR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76–1.00], and 20% [ARRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74–0.88] less likely to experience perceived medical discrimination due to age, race, and the intersection of age and race, respectively, than those who did not, holding other factors constant. Those who held a negative SPA were 38% [ARRR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.28–1.48] more likely to report perceived medical discrimination due to age and 12% [ARRR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21] more likely to report perceived medical discrimination due to other reasons.ConclusionsHolding a positive perception of aging may help reduce perceived medical discrimination because of age and race, which may in turn improve communication and lead to timely and appropriate treatment.
Ketamine improves neuronal recovery following spreading depolarization in peri‐infarct tissues
Authors: Reinhart Katelyn M. , Morton Russell A. , Brennan K. C. , Carlson Andrew P. , Shuttleworth C. William 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpreading depolarization (SD) has emerged as an important contributor to the enlargement of acute brain injuries. We previously showed that the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine was able to prevent deleterious consequences of SD in brain slices, under conditions of metabolic compromise. The current study aimed to extend these observations into an in vivo stroke model, to test whether gradients of metabolic capacity lead to differential accumulation of calcium (Ca2+) following SD. In addition, we tested whether ketamine protects vulnerable tissuewhile allowing SD to propagate through surrounding undamaged tissue. Focal lesions were generated using a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice, and clusters of SD were generated at 20 min intervals with remote microinjection of potassium chloride. SDs invading peri‐infarct regions had significantly different consequences, depending on the distance from the infarct core. Proximal to the lesion, Ca2+ transients were extended, as compared with responses in better‐perfused tissue more remote from the lesion. Extracellular potential shifts were also longer and hyperemia responses were reduced in proximal regions following SDs. Consistent with in vitro studies, ketamine, at concentrations that did not abolish the propagation of SD, reduced the accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ in proximal regions following an SD wave. These findings suggest that deleterious consequences of SD can be targeted in vivo, without requiring outright block of SD initiation and propagation.image
Progression of reactive gliosis and astroglial phenotypic changes following stab wound‐induced traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Cieri Maria Belen , Villarreal Alejandro , Gomez‐Cuautle Dante Daniel , Mailing Ingrid , Ramos Alberto Javier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAstrocytes are the main homeostatic cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and they have an essential role in preserving neuronal physiology. After brain injury, astrocytes become reactive, and that involves a profound change in the astroglial gene expression program as well as intense cytoskeleton remodeling that has been classically shown by the up‐regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a pan‐reactive gene over‐expressed in reactive astrocytes, independently of the type of injury. Using the stab wound rodent model of penetrating traumatic injury in the cortex, we here studied the reactive astroglial morphology and reactive microgliosis in detail at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post‐injury (dpi). By combining immunohistochemistry, morphometrical parameters, and Sholl analysis, we segmented the astroglial cell population into clusters of reactive astrocytes that were localized in the core, penumbra, and distal regions of the stab wound. Specifically, highly reactive clusters with more complex morphology, increased C3, decreased aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), and glutamine synthetase (GS) expression, were enriched at 7 dpi when behavioral alterations, microgliosis, and neuronal alterations in injured mice were most significant. While pro‐inflammatory gain of function with peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration immediately after a stab wound expanded these highly reactive astroglial clusters, the treatment with the NF‐κB inhibitor sulfasalazine reduced the abundance of this highly reactive cluster. Increased neuronal loss and exacerbated reactive microgliosis at 7 dpi were associated with the expansion of the highly reactive astroglial cluster. We conclude that highly reactive astrocytes found in stab wound injury, but expanded in pro‐inflammatory conditions, are a population of astrocytes that become engaged in pathological remodeling with a pro‐inflammatory gain of function and loss of homeostatic capacity. Controlling this astroglial population may be a tempting strategy to reduce neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the injured brain.image