bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Complication Rates Between Subpectoral vs Prepectoral Techniques in Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Hung Ya-Ching , McCarthy Jack T , Park Benjamin C , Chaker Sara C , Saad Mariam , Braun Stephan A , Perdikis Galen , Higdon Kent 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The location of tissue expanders in implant-based breast reconstruction remains controversial due to variation in surgical techniques and devices.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of early and late complication rates between prepectoral and subpectoral placement of tissue expanders.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all adult female patients who had undergone 2-stage implant-based breast reconstruction between 2013 and 2019 in our institution. Early complication was defined as complications that occurred within 30 days after surgery. Time-to-event analyses were performed and Cox proportional hazard models were used to adjust for confounders.

Results
In total, 854 patients were included; 76% of patients underwent a subpectoral tissue expander placement. After the first-stage procedure, the early complication rate was 34% and the late complication rate was 36.4%. After the second-stage procedure, the early complication rate was 16.3% and the late complication rate was 16.1%. Location of the tissue expander did not predict either overall early or late complication rates, regardless of the stages of reconstruction, after adjusting for confounders. Tissue expanders placed in prepectoral plane were associated with a higher hazard ratio (HR) for developing early and late infection after the first stage of reconstruction (HR, 2.1 and 2.4, respectively) as well as late infection after the second stage of reconstruction (HR, 5.3; all P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Location of tissue expanders did not predict risk of complication. However, the prepectoral group was associated with an increased risk of developing infection.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Functional Anatomy and Innervation of the Platysma is Segmental: Implications for Lower Lip Dysfunction, Recurrent Platysmal Bands, and Surgical Rejuvenation
Authors: Minelli Lennert , Wilson Jeremy L , Bravo Francisco G , Hodgkinson Darryl J , O’Daniel T Gerald , van der Lei Berend , Mendelson Bryan C 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the central role of the platysma in face and neck rejuvenation, much confusion exists regarding its surgical anatomy.ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to clarify the regional anatomy of the platysma and its innervation pattern and to explain clinical phenomena, such as the origin of platysmal bands and their recurrence, and the etiology of lower lip dysfunction after neck lift procedures.MethodsFifty-five cadaver heads were studied (16 embalmed, 39 fresh, mean age 75 years). Following preliminary dissections and macro-sectioning, a series of standardized layered dissections were performed, complemented by histology and sheet plastination.ResultsIn addition to its origin and insertion, the platysma is attached to the skin and deep fascia across its entire superficial and deep surfaces. This composite system explains the age-related formation of static platysmal bands, recurrent platysmal bands after complete platysma transection, and recurrent anterior neck laxity after no-release lifting. The facial part of the platysma is primarily innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, whereas the submandibular platysma is innervated by the “first” cervical branches, which terminate at the mandibular origin of the depressor labii inferioris. This pattern has implications for postoperative dysfunction of the lower lip, including pseudoparalysis, and potential targeted surgical denervation.ConclusionsThis anatomical study, comprised of layered dissections, large histology, and sheet plastination, fully describes the anatomy of the platysma including its bony, fascial, and dermal attachments, as well as its segmental innervation including its nerve danger zones. It provides a sound anatomical basis for the further development of surgical techniques to rejuvenate the neck with prevention of recurrent platysmal banding.
uORF4u: a tool for annotation of conserved upstream open reading frames
Authors: Egorov Artyom A , Atkinson Gemma C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Summary
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs, often encoding so-called leader peptides) can regulate translation and transcription of downstream main ORFs (mORFs) in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, annotation of novel functional uORFs is challenging due to their short size of usually &lt;100 codons. While transcription- and translation-level next-generation sequencing methods can be used for genome-wide functional uORF identification, this data are not available for the vast majority of species with sequenced genomes. At the same time, the exponentially increasing amount of genome assemblies gives us the opportunity to take advantage of evolutionary conservation in our predictions of functional ORFs.
Here, we present a tool for conserved uORF annotation in 5ʹ upstream sequences of a user-defined protein of interest or a set of protein homologs. It can also be used to find small conserved ORFs within a set of nucleotide sequences. The output includes publication-quality figures with multiple sequence alignments, sequence logos, and locus annotation of the predicted conserved uORFs in graphical vector format.

Availability and implementation
uORF4u is written in Python3 and runs on Linux and MacOS. The command-line interface covers most practical use cases, while the provided Python API allows usage within a Python program and additional customization. Source code is available from the GitHub page: github.com/GCA-VH-lab/uorf4u. Detailed documentation that includes an example-driven guide available at the software home page: gca-vh-lab.github.io/uorf4u. A web version of uORF4u is available at server.atkinson-lab.com/uorf4u.
Phylogeography of the European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus (Rodentia: Sciuridae), in the Balkans
Authors: Rammou Dimitra-Lida , Karaiskou Nikoleta , Minoudi Styliani , Kazilas Christos , Moulistanos Aristotelis , Gkagkavouzis Konstantinos , Ćirović Duško , Nikolić Tijana , Ćosić Nada , Youlatos Dionisios , Triantafyllidis Alexandros 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Balkan Peninsula acted as a refugium for many steppic species during the Pleistocene, resulting in a high genetic variability, which, in some cases, presents a northward decreasing latitudinal gradient. In the present study, we investigate the genetic diversity of the European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) in its Balkan distribution, sampled comprehensively across its entire distribution in Greece (133 samples from 21 localities). These samples are compared with others from Serbia (54 samples from eight localities) and the available published data from its range in Europe (124 sequences from GenBank). Our results show that the genetic diversity of the Greek and Serbian populations is not correlated with a latitudinal gradient. However, when the entire European range is considered, the model that best fits the genetic variation of the species is based on the ‘centre–periphery’ hypothesis. The founder (centre) populations of the species were most probably situated in south-eastern Bulgaria and European Turkey and underwent rapid expansion post-glacially, during the Holocene, both northwards (Central Europe) and southwards (Greece), as revealed by the decreased genetic diversity and phylogeographical inference analysis in these marginal regions. These results indicate a particular phylogeographical history of a European species and set a baseline for conservation management in its southern populations.
Fluorescence-guided surgery: comprehensive review
Authors: Sutton Paul A , van Dam Martijn A , Cahill Ronan A , Mieog Sven , Polom Karol , Vahrmeijer Alexander L , van der Vorst Joost 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite significant improvements in preoperative workup and surgical planning, surgeons often rely on their eyes and hands during surgery. Although this can be sufficient in some patients, intraoperative guidance is highly desirable. Near-infrared fluorescence has been advocated as a potential technique to guide surgeons during surgery.

Methods
A literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for fluorescence-guided surgery. The literature search was performed using Medical Subject Headings on PubMed for articles in English until November 2022 and a narrative review undertaken.

Results
The use of invisible light, enabling real-time imaging, superior penetration depth, and the possibility to use targeted imaging agents, makes this optical imaging technique increasingly popular. Four main indications are described in this review: tissue perfusion, lymph node assessment, anatomy of vital structures, and tumour tissue imaging. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of future opportunities in the field of fluorescence-guided surgery.

Conclusion
Fluorescence-guided surgery has proven to be a widely innovative technique applicable in many fields of surgery. The potential indications for its use are diverse and can be combined. The big challenge for the future will be in bringing experimental fluorophores and conjugates through trials and into clinical practice, as well as validation of computer visualization with large data sets. This will require collaborative surgical groups focusing on utility, efficacy, and outcomes for these techniques.
Value-based neural representations predict social decision preferences
Authors: Guassi Moreira João F , Méndez Leal Adriana S , Waizman Yael H , Tashjian Sarah M , Galván Adriana , Silvers Jennifer A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Social decision-making is omnipresent in everyday life, carrying the potential for both positive and negative consequences for the decision-maker and those closest to them. While evidence suggests that decision-makers use value-based heuristics to guide choice behavior, very little is known about how decision-makers’ representations of other agents influence social choice behavior. We used multivariate pattern expression analyses on fMRI data to understand how value-based processes shape neural representations of those affected by one’s social decisions and whether value-based encoding is associated with social decision preferences. We found that stronger value-based encoding of a given close other (e.g. parent) relative to a second close other (e.g. friend) was associated with a greater propensity to favor the former during subsequent social decision-making. These results are the first to our knowledge to explicitly show that value-based processes affect decision behavior via representations of close others.
Pretreatment Vitamin D Concentrations Do Not Predict Therapeutic Outcome to Anti-TNF Therapies in Biologic-Naïve Patients With Active Luminal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Chanchlani Neil , Lin Simeng , Smith Rebecca , Roberts Christopher , Nice Rachel , McDonald Timothy J , Hamilton Benjamin , Bishara Maria , Bewshea Claire , Kennedy Nicholas A , Goodhand James R , Ahmad Tariq 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsVitamin D has a regulatory role in innate and adaptive immune processes. Previous studies have reported that low pretreatment vitamin D concentrations are associated with primary non-response (PNR) and non-remission to anti-TNF therapy. This study aimed to assess whether pretreatment 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations predicted PNR and non-remission to infliximab and adalimumab in patients with active luminal Crohn’s disease.Methods25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in stored baseline samples from 659 infliximab- and 448 adalimumab-treated patients in the Personalised Anti-TNF Therapy in Crohn’s disease (PANTS) study. Cut-offs for vitamin D were deficiency &lt;25 nmol/L, insufficiency 25–50 nmol/L, and adequacy/sufficiency &gt;50 nmol/L.ResultsAbout 17.1% (189/1107; 95% CI, 15.0–19.4) and 47.7% (528/1107; 95% CI, 44.8–50.6) of patients had vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively. 22.2% (246/1107) of patients were receiving vitamin D supplementation. Multivariable analysis confirmed that sampling during non-summer months, South Asian ethnicity, lower serum albumin concentrations, and non-treatment with vitamin D supplementation were independently associated with lower vitamin D concentrations. Pretreatment vitamin D status did not predict response or remission to anti-TNF therapy at week 14 (infliximab Ppnr = .89, adalimumab Ppnr = .18) or non-remission at week 54 (infliximab P = .13, adalimumab P = .58). Vitamin D deficiency was, however, associated with a longer time to immunogenicity in patients treated with infliximab, but not adalimumab.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is common in patients with active Crohn’s disease. Unlike previous studies, pretreatment vitamin D concentration did not predict PNR to anti-TNF treatment at week 14 or nonremission at week 54.
Maximum phonation time: an independent predictor of late-onset pneumonia after esophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Tawada Kakeru , Higaki Eiji , Abe Tetsuya , Takatsu Jun , Fujieda Hironori , Nagao Takuya , Komori Koji , Ito Seiji , Yoshida Masahiro , Oze Isao , Shimizu Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dysphagia after esophagectomy is a major risk factor for aspiration pneumonia, thus preoperative assessment of swallowing function is important. The maximum phonation time (MPT) is a simple indicator of phonatory function and also correlates with muscle strength associated with swallowing. This study aimed to determine whether preoperative MPT can predict postoperative aspiration pneumonia. The study included 409 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between 2017 and 2021. Pneumonia detected by routine computed tomography on postoperative days 5–6 was defined as early-onset pneumonia, and pneumonia that developed later (most often aspiration pneumonia) was defined as late-onset pneumonia. The correlation between late-onset pneumonia and preoperative MPT was investigated. Patients were classified into short MPT (&lt;15 seconds for males and &lt;10 seconds for females, n = 156) and normal MPT groups (≥15 seconds for males and ≥10 seconds for females, n = 253). The short MPT group was significantly older, had a lower serum albumin level and vital capacity, and had a significantly higher incidence of late-onset pneumonia (18.6 vs. 6.7%, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that short MPT was an independent risk factor for late-onset pneumonia (odds ratio: 2.26, P = 0.026). The incidence of late-onset pneumonia was significantly higher in the short MPT group (15.6 vs. 4.7%, P = 0.004), even after propensity score matching adjusted for clinical characteristics. MPT is a useful predictor for late-onset pneumonia after esophagectomy.
The impact of climate and management on recent mortality inPinus pinasterresin-tapped forests of inland Spain
Authors: Calama Rafael , Martínez César , Gordo Javier , Del Río Miren , Menéndez-Miguélez María , Pardos Marta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent forest decline and amplified mortality have been documented around the world, mainly triggered by the rising water stress associated with more frequent extreme weather events. However, other abiotic and biotic factors may predispose and contribute to these processes. Mediterranean forests are among the biomes considered highly vulnerable to drought-induced decline and mortality. Pinus pinaster ssp. mesogeensis, is a typical western Mediterranean Forest species widely distributed in Spain, where traditional management has focused on a mixed timber-resin production. In the last decades, the species has experienced a severe and generalized process of decline and mortality, especially on inland areas in the Spanish Northern Plateau. The main objectives of this study were to (1) provide an accurate assessment of P. pinaster mortality in resin-tapped forests within the region, (2) identify the main predisposing and inciting abiotic factors controlling the process of dieback and mortality of the species and (3) develop a model for forecasting the annual rate of mortality at landscape scale. We used operational data collected by the Forest Service during 2012–2019, including annual censuses of tree mortality carried out in lots under resin-tapping and periodical forest management inventories. Analysis using spatiotemporal generalized linear mixed models indicated widespread mortality of the species in the territory, which in some areas reached 20 per cent of the trees over an 8-year period. Tree mortality is triggered in warm and dry years and was accelerated following the extreme droughts of 2017 and 2019. High stand stocking and tree aging have been identified as predisposing factors increasing susceptibility to forest decline and mortality. In addition, stands where the species grows mixed with Pinus pinea are more vulnerable, pointing to a possible displacement of P. pinaster in the territory. The developed spatiotemporal generalized linear mixed model allows unbiased estimates of the annual rate of mortality to be calculated through the territory. The model may be used by forest managers in order to identify the most vulnerable areas where the application of adaption strategies should be prioritized, in order to preserve these forests and their associated provision of ecosystem services.
Transcriptome profiling of the Caenorhabditis elegans intestine reveals that ELT-2 negatively and positively regulates intestinal gene expression within the context of a gene regulatory network
Authors: Williams Robert T P , King David C , Mastroianni Izabella R , Hill Jessica L , Apenes Nicolai W , Ramirez Gabriela , Miner E Catherine , Moore Andrew , Coleman Karissa , Nishimura Erin Osborne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
ELT-2 is the major transcription factor (TF) required for Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal development. ELT-2 expression initiates in embryos to promote development and then persists after hatching through the larval and adult stages. Though the sites of ELT-2 binding are characterized and the transcriptional changes that result from ELT-2 depletion are known, an intestine-specific transcriptome profile spanning developmental time has been missing. We generated this dataset by performing Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting on intestine cells at distinct developmental stages. We analyzed this dataset in conjunction with previously conducted ELT-2 studies to evaluate the role of ELT-2 in directing the intestinal gene regulatory network through development. We found that only 33% of intestine-enriched genes in the embryo were direct targets of ELT-2 but that number increased to 75% by the L3 stage. This suggests additional TFs promote intestinal transcription especially in the embryo. Furthermore, only half of ELT-2's direct target genes were dependent on ELT-2 for their proper expression levels, and an equal proportion of those responded to elt-2 depletion with over-expression as with under-expression. That is, ELT-2 can either activate or repress direct target genes. Additionally, we observed that ELT-2 repressed its own promoter, implicating new models for its autoregulation. Together, our results illustrate that ELT-2 impacts roughly 20–50% of intestine-specific genes, that ELT-2 both positively and negatively controls its direct targets, and that the current model of the intestinal regulatory network is incomplete as the factors responsible for directing the expression of many intestinal genes remain unknown.
All-Cause Readmission or Potentially Avoidable Readmission: Which Is More Predictable Using Frailty, Comorbidities, and ADL?
Authors: Mitsutake Seigo , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Yano Shohei , Tsuchiya-Ito Rumiko , Uda Kazuaki , Toba Kenji , Ito Hideki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Readmission-related health care reforms have shifted their focus from all-cause readmissions (ACR) to potentially avoidable readmissions (PAR). However, little is known about the utility of analytic tools from administrative data in predicting PAR. This study determined whether 30-day ACR or 30-day PAR is more predictable using tools that assess frailty, comorbidities, and activities of daily living (ADL) from administrative data.

Research Design and Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large general acute care hospital in Tokyo, Japan. We analyzed patients aged ≥70 years who had been admitted to and discharged from the subject hospital between July 2016 and February 2021. Using administrative data, we assessed each patient’s Hospital Frailty Risk Score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Barthel Index on admission. To determine the influence of each tool on readmission predictions, we constructed logistic regression models with different combinations of independent variables for predicting unplanned ACR and PAR within 30 days of discharge.

Results
Among 16 313 study patients, 4.1% experienced 30-day ACR and 1.8% experienced 30-day PAR. The full model (including sex, age, annual household income, frailty, comorbidities, and ADL as independent variables) for 30-day PAR showed better discrimination (C-statistic: 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.77–0.82) than the full model for 30-day ACR (0.73, 0.71–0.75). The other prediction models for 30-day PAR also had consistently better discrimination than their corresponding models for 30-day ACR.

Discussion and Implications
PAR is more predictable than ACR when using tools that assess frailty, comorbidities, and ADL from administrative data. Our PAR prediction model may contribute to the accurate identification of at-risk patients in clinical settings who would benefit from transitional care interventions.
Awareness of Age-Related Gains and Losses in a National Sample of Adults Aged 80 Years and Older: Cross-Sectional Associations With Health Correlates
Authors: Kaspar Roman , Wahl Hans-Werner , Diehl Manfred 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdvanced old age is a life stage with a high likelihood of age-related loss experiences. However, little is known about remaining gain experiences and their relation with perceived losses and health correlates in community-dwelling very old adults. Moreover, virtually nothing is known in this regard about the experiences of individuals in long-term care settings. First, we strived to establish the normative course of age-related gains and losses in advanced old age. Second, we examined whether such gain/loss perceptions in advanced aging moderated health correlates.Research Design and MethodsData came from the nationally representative survey “Old Age in Germany D80+” conducted in 2020/2021. The sample comprised 10 578 individuals aged 80–106 years, including 587 individuals in long-term care. We used the multidimensional Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC) questionnaire and moderated regression to analyze associations with late-life health and functioning correlates.ResultsLevels of AARC-Gains were higher than those of AARC-Losses across most of the age range. Long-term care residents showed more AARC-Losses and fewer AARC-Gains compared with community-dwelling adults and contributed significantly to an overall negative balance of more losses than gains in those aged 90 years or older. Regarding functional health and autonomy, negative age effects were amplified by AARC-Losses, but buffered by AARC-Gains. A more positive ratio of gains-to-losses predicted better health and functioning.Discussion and ImplicationsFindings suggest that the loss aspect of development in very late life might have been overstated in the existing literature. Perceived gains and losses are of critical importance for the understanding of health correlates in very old age.