bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bet-hedging via dispersal aids the evolution of plastic responses to unreliable cues
Authors: Draghi Jeremy A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Adaptive plasticity is expected to evolve when informative cues predict environmental variation. However, plastic responses can be maladaptive even when those cues are informative, if prediction mistakes are shared across members of a generation. These fitness costs can constrain the evolution of plasticity when initial plastic mutants use of cues of only moderate reliability. Here, we model the barriers to the evolution of plasticity produced by these constraints and show that dispersal across a metapopulation can overcome them. Constraints are also lessened, though not eliminated, when plastic responses are free to evolve gradually and in concert with increased reliability. Each of these factors be viewed as a form of bet-hedging: by lessening correlations in the fates of relatives, dispersal acts as diversifying bet-hedging, while producing submaximal responses to a cue can be understood as a conservative bet-hedging strategy. While poor information may constrain the evolution of plasticity, the opportunity for bet-hedging may predict when that constraint can be overcome.
Abstract
Populations may make bad predictions when when using partially reliable cues to track changing environments (left). These mistakes can render plasticity deleterious (s &lt; 0); right) when cue reliability is low, but dispersal among demes spreads out the effects of mistakes and allows the evolution of adaptive plasticity.
Extending records of albinism and skin disorders in American cownose rays to southeastern Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandre , Shkola Wesley , Rangel Bianca S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlbinism is a genetic condition expressed as a lack of integumentary and retinal melanin. Although documented across many vertebrate species, albinism and other skin disorders are rarely observed in elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). The present study describes the first confirmed case of albinism in American cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus), and three other juveniles of the species with undetermined skin disorders observed in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Pigmentation disorders have already been observed in American cownose rays from the North Atlantic, including two cases of leucism and a possible albinism. Based on the results, it was discussed the possible consequences of albinism for the ray survival as well as the possible causes for the undetermined skin disorders.
Gamma‐glutamyl transferase predicts pemafibrate treatment response in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Seko Yuya , Yamaguchi Kanji , Takeuchi Kento , Yano Kota , Kataoka Seita , Moriguchi Michihisa , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α modulator, has been shown to improve liver function among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with dyslipidemia. The aim of this retrospective study is to identify predictors of pemafibrate efficacy in NAFLD patients.MethodsA total of 75 NAFLD patients with dyslipidemia who received pemafibrate twice per day for 48 weeks were enrolled in this study. We used the FibroScan‐aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score as a benchmark for treatment efficacy.ResultsMedian FAST score significantly decreased from 0.96 at baseline to 0.93 at week 48 (P < 0.001). Significant improvements in levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), and triglycerides were also noted. The serum level of GGT at baseline was correlated with change in FAST score (r = −0.22, P = 0.049). Changes in AST, ALT, and GGT were positively correlated with change in FAST score (r = 0.71, r = 0.61, and r = 0.38). Multivariate analyses identified age and GGT level at baseline as significantly associated with improvement of FAST score by pemafibrate therapy (odds ratio 1.11, 1.02, respectively). Patients over 50 years of age and with a GGT of 90 IU/L or higher showed significantly greater improvement in the FAST score than other groups.ConclusionsPemafibrate improves the FAST score of NAFLD patients with complicating dyslipidemia, especially in older patients with high GGT level. GGT is useful as an indicator of optimal treatment choice for NAFLD patients with dyslipidemia.
Social Media Usage as a Form of Breastfeeding Support Among Black Mothers: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Haley Chanell O. , Gross Tyra T. , Story Chandra R. , McElderry Cathy G. , Stone Kahler W. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionSocial support has been identified in the literature as a key facilitator of breastfeeding success among Black mothers. Over the past decade, there has been a surge of social media groups that can now be used as a means of support for various health and social issues. Social media breastfeeding groups have been used as sources of additional support. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to explore social media usage as a form of social support among Black women in the postpartum period and how it may affect breastfeeding behaviors.MethodsUsing the 5‐stage scoping review methodology, scholarly databases were searched for relevant articles. English‐language articles on studies conducted both in and outside of the United States were included. Original studies that focused on social media as a form of breastfeeding support and included Black mothers as part of the study population were included.ResultsAfter screening 551 articles, 6 studies fulfilled the study criteria. Participants reported being provided with various forms of social support through social media within the included articles. Primary themes included (1) a sense of community and (2) self‐efficacy and empowerment. Breastfeeding support through social media appears to positively influence breastfeeding intention and duration rates among Black mothers.DiscussionSocial media is an accessible avenue for breastfeeding information and support. Moreover, it provides a safe space for Black women to interact with others of shared cultural experiences. Therefore, incorporating social media into breastfeeding interventions can positively affect breastfeeding rates among Black women. More research is needed to assess the direct effect of social media breastfeeding support groups on the breastfeeding behaviors and experiences of Black women.
Relationship Between Temporomandibular Ankylosis And Maximum Mouth Opening In Children
Authors: Kolçakoğlu Kevser , Doğan Salih , Zararsız Gökmen , Kütük Nükhet , Gönen Zeynep Burçin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric dentists should have information regarding whether mouth opening is limited. In clinical practice, these professionals should collect and record oral area measurements at the pediatric patient's first medical examination.ObjectivesThe study's aim developed the standard mouth opening measurement in children by using ordinary least squares regression to develop a clinical prediction model in children with Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis before preoperative surgery.MethodsAll participants completed their age, gender, and calculated height, weight, body mass index, and birth weight. Pediatric dentist performed all mouth‐opening measurements. The oral‐maxillofacial surgeon marked subnasal and pogonion points for the lower facial length of soft tissue. It was measured using the distance between the subnasal and pogonion with a digital vernier caliper. The widths of the three fingers (index, middle, and ring fingers) and four fingers (index, middle, ring, and little fingers) were also measured using a digital vernier caliper.ResultsMaximum mouth opening showed that three‐finger width (R2 = 0.566, F = 185.479) and four‐finger width (R2 = 0.462, F = 122.209) had a significant influence on the Maximum mouth opening (MMO) (p < 0.001).ConclusionPediatric dentists should collaborate with the treating maxillofacial surgeon to manage long‐term treatment needs for individuals with Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis.
Does sensory quality assessed by beverage experts fit consumer acceptability? A study on cheongju
Authors: Byeon Yang Soo , Heo JeongAe , Kwak Han Sub , Baek Hyung Hee , Lee Young‐seung , Kim Sang Sook 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCheongju is traditional fermented liquor consisting of the filtered moieties of rice wine. In this study, the sensory quality of cheongjus judged by beverage experts (e.g., sommeliers) were compared with its acceptability. Total 166 consumers evaluated the acceptability of the cheongju samples, and 10 sommeliers appraised the sensory quality. Descriptive analysis was conducted by 11 trained panelists, and the volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Partial least square regression was performed to establish the association of the quality scores given by sommeliers (Y1) and the acceptability scores given by consumers (Y2) relative to the cheongju's sensory attributes or volatile compounds (Xs). The consumer acceptability was highly correlated with sweet notes and related volatile compounds, such as isoamyl alcohol. Conversely, sensory quality by sommeliers was highly correlated with sensory notes caused by alcoholic compounds. These results demonstrate how consumers' acceptance for cheongju may differ from a sommelier's quality appraisal.Practical ApplicationsThis study reported differentiations between sommeliers' appraisals and consumers' preferences for evaluating cheongju in terms of volatile compounds and descriptive sensory attributes. Key sensory attributes and volatile compounds were provided for each sommelier's appraisal and for consumers' preferences for cheongju. Overall, this study provides objective information on the discrepancies between sensory quality and hedonic notions of traditional liquor. Future studies should elaborate on the sommelier effect through tasking informed condition, as sommeliers' recommendations may affect customers' choices and satisfaction.
Effects of (non)deceptive placebos on reported sleep quality and food cue reactivity
Authors: Potthoff Jonas , Schienle Anne 
Published: May 2023

SummaryA lack of sleep can increase appetite, particularly for high‐calorie food. The current study tested the effects of an open‐label placebo for improving sleep quality and reducing food cue reactivity. In open‐label placebo interventions, placebo recipients are informed that they are receiving a placebo without a pharmacologically active substance. Participants (n = 150) were randomly allocated to one of three groups that received either an open‐label placebo to improve sleep quality, a deceptive placebo (“melatonin”), or no placebo. The placebo was administered daily before bedtime for 1 week. Sleep quality and reactivity to high‐calorie food cues (appetite, visual attention to food images) were assessed. The deceptive placebo (but not the open‐label placebo) reduced reported sleep‐onset latency. The open‐label placebo decreased perceived sleep efficiency. The placebo interventions did not change food cue reactivity. This study demonstrated that open‐label placebos do not present an alternative to deceptive placebos for improving sleep quality. The undesirable open‐label placebo effects found warrant further exploration.
Inferring the ecological and evolutionary determinants of community genetic diversity
Authors: Overcast Isaac , Noguerales Víctor , Meramveliotakis Emmanouil , Andújar Carmelo , Arribas Paula , Creedy Thomas J. , Emerson Brent C. , Vogler Alfried P. , Papadopoulou Anna , Morlon Hélène 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the relative contributions of ecological and evolutionary processes to the structuring of ecological communities is needed to improve our ability to predict how communities may respond to future changes in an increasingly human‐modified world. Metabarcoding methods make it possible to gather population genetic data for all species within a community, unlocking a new axis of data to potentially unveil the origins and maintenance of biodiversity at local scales. Here, we present a new eco‐evolutionary simulation model for investigating community assembly dynamics using metabarcoding data. The model makes joint predictions of species abundance, genetic variation, trait distributions and phylogenetic relationships under a wide range of parameter settings (e.g. high speciation/low dispersal or vice versa) and across a range of community states, from pristine and unmodified to heavily disturbed. We first demonstrate that parameters governing metacommunity and local community processes leave detectable signatures in simulated biodiversity data axes. Next, using a simulation‐based machine learning approach we show that neutral and non‐neutral models are distinguishable and that reasonable estimates of several model parameters within the local community can be obtained using only community‐scale genetic data, while phylogenetic information is required to estimate those describing metacommunity dynamics. Finally, we apply the model to soil microarthropod metabarcoding data from the Troodos mountains of Cyprus, where we find that communities in widespread forest habitats are structured by neutral processes, while high‐elevation and isolated habitats act as an abiotic filter generating non‐neutral community structure. We implement our model within the ibiogen R package, a package dedicated to the investigation of island, and more generally community‐scale, biodiversity using community‐scale genetic data.
Rapid evolutionary change, constraints and the maintenance of polymorphism in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Glaser‐Schmitt Amanda , Ramnarine Timothy J. S. , Parsch John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAllele frequencies can shift rapidly within natural populations. Under certain conditions, repeated rapid allele frequency shifts can lead to the long‐term maintenance of polymorphism. In recent years, studies of the model insect Drosophila melanogaster have suggested that this phenomenon is more common than previously believed and is often driven by some form of balancing selection, such as temporally fluctuating or sexually antagonistic selection. Here we discuss some of the general insights into rapid evolutionary change revealed by large‐scale population genomic studies, as well as the functional and mechanistic causes of rapid adaptation uncovered by single‐gene studies. As an example of the latter, we consider a regulatory polymorphism of the D. melanogaster fezzik gene. Polymorphism at this site has been maintained at intermediate frequency over an extended period of time. Regular observations from a single population over a period of 7 years revealed significant differences in the frequency of the derived allele and its variance across collections between the sexes. These patterns are highly unlikely to arise from genetic drift alone or from the action of sexually antagonistic or temporally fluctuating selection individually. Instead, the joint action of sexually antagonistic and temporally fluctuating selection can best explain the observed rapid and repeated allele frequency shifts. Temporal studies such as those reviewed here further our understanding of how rapid changes in selection can lead to the long‐term maintenance of polymorphism as well as improve our knowledge of the forces driving and limiting adaptation in nature.
Method for calculating pressure losses in the pipelines of slurry shield tunneling based on coupled simulation of computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Xinggao , Guo Yidong , Fang Yingran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydraulic mucking/transport or slurry pipelining are widely used in dredging, trenching, (deep sea) mining, tunnel boring, and many other applications. Slurry pipelining during slurry shield tunneling is a classic instance of complex hydraulic mucking systems, which is characterized by the complex rheological behavior of the slurry and the inclusion of large and irregular particles. These characteristics make it difficult to estimate the pressure losses along slurry pipelines, compared to other hydraulic mucking systems. This study established a powerful method for predicting the pressure losses in long‐distance slurry pipelining of slurry shield tunneling based on computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD‐DEM)‐coupled simulations. Rheological tests were carried out to provide reliable slurry flow parameters for CFD calculations. Irregular pebbles with different sizes were digitally scanned using 3D scanning technology, and the scanned models were applied to the DEM. This method was successfully applied to a slurry shield tunnel project in Beijing, China. The mechanical properties of the fluid phase and particle phase were revealed by modeling a typical slurry pipeline. A comparison of the pressure losses along slurry pipelines was made between the proposed method and field data, indicating the validity of the established method. The simulation results indicate that when the slurry flows through the elbow, a secondary flow will be formed due to centrifugal force. Pebbles of different sizes show different motion responses under the combined action of gravity and slurry coupling force. The turbulent flow of particles will increase the frictional pressure losses in the elbow area, compared to the straight section. This work provides a valuable reference for the layout of the slurry circulation system of similar projects.
The problem of nomological harmony
Authors: Cutter Brian , Saad Bradford 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur universe features a harmonious match between laws and states: applying its laws to its states generates other states. This is a striking fact. Matters might have been otherwise. The universe might have been stillborn in a state unengaged by its laws. The problem of nomological harmony is that of explaining the noted striking fact. After introducing and developing this problem, we canvass candidate solutions and identify some of their virtues and vices. Candidate solutions invoke the likes of a designer, axiarchic meta‐laws, multiverses, essential causal powers, and Humean laws.
Proteins released into the plant apoplast by the obligate parasitic protist Albugo selectively repress phyllosphere‐associated bacteria
Authors: Gómez‐Pérez Daniel , Schmid Monja , Chaudhry Vasvi , Hu Yiheng , Velic Ana , Maček Boris , Ruhe Jonas , Kemen Ariane , Kemen Eric 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Biotic and abiotic interactions shape natural microbial communities. The mechanisms behind microbe–microbe interactions, particularly those protein based, are not well understood. We hypothesize that released proteins with antimicrobial activity are a powerful and highly specific toolset to shape and defend plant niches.
We have studied Albugo candida, an obligate plant parasite from the protist Oomycota phylum, for its potential to modulate the growth of bacteria through release of antimicrobial proteins into the apoplast.
Amplicon sequencing and network analysis of Albugo‐infected and uninfected wild Arabidopsis thaliana samples revealed an abundance of negative correlations between Albugo and other phyllosphere microbes. Analysis of the apoplastic proteome of Albugo‐colonized leaves combined with machine learning predictors enabled the selection of antimicrobial candidates for heterologous expression and study of their inhibitory function. We found for three candidate proteins selective antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria isolated from A. thaliana and demonstrate that these inhibited bacteria are precisely important for the stability of the community structure. We could ascribe the antibacterial activity of the candidates to intrinsically disordered regions and positively correlate it with their net charge.
This is the first report of protist proteins with antimicrobial activity under apoplastic conditions that therefore are potential biocontrol tools for targeted manipulation of the microbiome.
LncRNA CARMN facilitates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells by impairing EZH2
Authors: Li Hongyu , Huo Sibei , He Xinyu , Guo Daimo , Liu Yingling , Zheng Liwei , Zhou Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to reveal the potential role of CARMN in odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs).MethodsLaser capture microdissection was used to detect Carmn in DPCs and odontoblasts in P0 mice. After manipulating CARMN expression in odontogenic differentiation induced hDPCs, the state of odontogenic differentiation was evaluated by ALP staining, ARS, and related marker expression in qRT‐PCR and western blotting. The subcutaneous transplantation of HA/β‐TCP loaded with hDPCs was performed to verify CARMN's role in promoting odontogenic differentiation in vivo. RNAplex and RIP were employed to reveal potential mechanism of CARMN in hDPCs.ResultsCARMN expressed more abundantly in odontoblasts than DPCs in P0 mice. CARMN expression boosted during in vitro odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs. CARMN overexpression enhanced odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs in vitro, while inhibition impaired the process. CARMN overexpression in HA/β‐TCP composites promoted more mineralized nodule formation in vivo. CARMN knockdown led to soared EZH2, while CARMN overexpression brought about EZH2 inhibition. CARMN functioned via direct interaction with EZH2.ConclusionsThe results uncovered CARMN as a modulator during the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs. CARMN promoted odontogenic differentiation of DPCs by impairing EZH2.
Engineered gamma radiation phytosensors for environmental monitoring
Authors: Sears Robert G. , Rigoulot Stephen B. , Occhialini Alessandro , Morgan Britany , Kakeshpour Tayebeh , Brabazon Holly , Barnes Caitlin N. , Seaberry Erin M. , Jacobs Brianna , Brown Chandler , Yang Yongil , Schimel Tayler M. , Lenaghan Scott C. , Neal Stewart C. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryNuclear energy, already a practical solution for supplying energy on a scale similar to fossil fuels, will likely increase its footprint over the next several decades to meet current climate goals. Gamma radiation is produced during fission in existing nuclear reactors and thus the need to detect leakage from nuclear plants, and effects of such leakage on ecosystems will likely also increase. At present, gamma radiation is detected using mechanical sensors that have several drawbacks, including: (i) limited availability; (ii) reliance on power supply; and (iii) requirement of human presence in dangerous areas. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a plant biosensor (phytosensor) to detect low‐dose ionizing radiation. The system utilizes synthetic biology to engineer a dosimetric switch into potato utilizing the plant's native DNA damage response (DDR) machinery to produce a fluorescent output. In this work, the radiation phytosensor was shown to respond to a wide range of gamma radiation exposure (10–80 Grey) producing a reporter signal that was detectable at >3 m. Further, a pressure test of the top radiation phytosensor in a complex mesocosm demonstrated full function of the system in a ‘real world’ scenario.