bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Defects in Offspring of Adolescent and Young Adults with a History of Cancer: A Population-Based Study of 27,000 Women
Authors: Murphy Caitlin C. , Betts Andrea C. , Pruitt Sandi L. , Cohn Barbara A. , Shay L. Aubree , Allicock Marlyn A. , Wang Jennifer S. , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
We examined birth defects in offspring of adolescent and young adult (AYA) women with a history of cancer (age 15–39 years at diagnosis).

Methods:
We identified AYA women diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2015 using population-based data from the Texas Cancer Registry; data were linked with live birth and fetal death certificates through December 31, 2016 to identify singleton births to AYA women after diagnosis. Birth defects in offspring through age 12 months were ascertained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. We estimated risk of birth defects in offspring of AYA women and women without cancer (matched 3:1 by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, and offspring year of birth) and compared risk using log binomial regression models.

Results:
There were 6,882 singleton births to AYA women after diagnosis. Common cancer types were thyroid (28.9%), lymphoma (12.5%), and breast (10.7%). Risk of any birth defect was higher in offspring of AYA women (6.0%) compared with offspring of women without cancer [n = 20,646; 4.8%; risk ratio (RR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–1.38]. Risk of eye or ear (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.03–1.90), heart and circulatory (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09–1.60), genitourinary (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.12–1.69), and musculoskeletal (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.13–1.66) defects was also higher.

Conclusions:
Risk of birth defects was elevated in liveborn and stillborn offspring of AYA women.

Impact:
Although birth defects are rare, AYA women making decisions about pregnancy and prenatal care should receive appropriate counseling and surveillance.
An Early Neoplasia Index (ENI10), Based on Molecular Identity of CD10 Cells and Associated Stemness Biomarkers, is a Predictor of Patient Outcome in Many Cancers
Authors: Guyot Boris , Clément Flora , Drouet Youenn , Schmidt Xenia , Lefort Sylvain , Delay Emmanuel , Treilleux Isabelle , Foy Jean-Philippe , Jeanpierre Sandrine , Thomas Emilie , Kielbassa Janice , Tonon Laurie , Zhu Helen He , Saintigny Pierre , Gao Wei-Qiang , de la Fouchardiere Arnaud , Tirode Franck , Viari Alain , Blay Jean-Yves , Maguer-Satta Véronique 
Published: September 2023

An accurate estimate of patient survival at diagnosis is critical to plan efficient therapeutic options. A simple and multiapplication tool is needed to move forward the precision medicine era. Taking advantage of the broad and high CD10 expression in stem and cancers cells, we evaluated the molecular identity of aggressive cancer cells. We used epithelial primary cells and developed a breast cancer stem cell–based progressive model. The superiority of the early-transformed isolated molecular index was evaluated by large-scale analysis in solid cancers. BMP2-driven cell transformation increases CD10 expression which preserves stemness properties. Our model identified a unique set of 159 genes enriched in G2–M cell-cycle phases and spindle assembly complex. Using samples predisposed to transformation, we confirmed the value of an early neoplasia index associated to CD10 (ENI10) to discriminate premalignant status of a human tissue. Using a stratified Cox model, a large-scale analysis (&gt;10,000 samples, The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer) validated a strong risk gradient (HRs reaching HR = 5.15; 95% confidence interval: 4.00–6.64) for high ENI10 levels. Through different databases, Cox regression model analyses highlighted an association between ENI10 and poor progression-free intervals for more than 50% of cancer subtypes tested, and the potential of ENI10 to predict drug efficacy. The ENI10 index constitutes a robust tool to detect pretransformed tissues and identify high-risk patients at diagnosis. Owing to its biological link with refractory cancer stem cells, the ENI10 index constitutes a unique way of identifying effective treatments to improve clinical care.

Significance:
We identified a molecular signature called ENI10 which, owing to its biological link with stem cell properties, predicts patient outcome and drugs efficiency in breast and several other cancers. ENI10 should allow early and optimized clinical management of a broad number of cancers, regardless of the stage of tumor progression.
Universal Viral Screening of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Cancer in the United States: A Cost-efficiency Evaluation
Authors: Vaidya Riha , Unger Joseph M. , Loomba Rohit , Hwang Jessica P. , Chugh Rashmi , Tincopa Monica A. , Arnold Kathryn B. , Hershman Dawn L. , Ramsey Scott D. 
Published: September 2023

Recommendations for universal screening of patients with cancer for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are inconsistent. A recent multisite screening study (S1204) from the SWOG Cancer Research Network found that a substantial number of patients with newly diagnosed cancer had previously unknown viral infections. The objective of this study was to determine the cost-efficiency of universal screening of patients with newly diagnosed cancer. We estimated the cost-efficiency of universal screening of new cancer cases for HBV, HCV, or HIV, expressed as cost per virus detected, from the health care payer perspective. The prevalence of each virus among this cohort was derived from S1204. Direct medical expenditures included costs associated with laboratory screening tests. Costs per case detected were estimated for each screening strategy. Secondary analysis examined the cost-efficiency of screening patients whose viral status at cancer diagnosis was unknown. Among the possible options for universal screening, screening for HBV alone ($581), HCV alone ($782), HBV and HCV ($631) and HBV, HCV, and HIV ($841) were most efficient in terms of cost per case detected. When screening was restricted to patients with unknown viral status, screening for HBV alone ($684), HBV and HCV ($872), HBV and HIV ($1,157), and all three viruses ($1,291) were most efficient in terms of cost per newly detected case. Efficient viral testing strategies represent a relatively modest addition to the overall cost of managing a patient with cancer. Screening for HBV, HCV, and HIV infections may be reasonable from both a budget and clinical standpoint.

Significance:
Screening patients with cancer for HBV, HCV, and HIV is inconsistent in clinical practice despite national recommendations and known risks of complications from viral infection. Our study shows that while costs of viral screening strategies vary by choice of tests, they present a modest addition to the cost of managing a patient with cancer.
Unternehmen Kolibri: Of Hitler and Hummingbirds
Authors: Comet Noah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The hummingbird’s biological and cultural associations with beauty, sweetness, and docility belie a longstanding symbolic association with violence and danger. Taking the Nazis’ surprising adoption of the symbol as a point of departure, this essay traces this association to its Mesoamerican origins, and follows its emergence in European and British culture through travel writing, naturalism, commercialism, and popular culture, reflecting on how an evolving understanding of the birds’ behavior and morphology influenced its symbolic history.
Who Owns the Child? Critically Engaging the Belief in Child Ownership in Yoruba Cultural Belief System
Authors: Oyelakin Richard T. , Badejo Omobola O. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The belief that the husband owns the child, prevalent in Yoruba cultural system, is the issue of engagement in this research. The research traced the justification for this belief to patriarchy. The paper found that patriarchy, is only a masculine hegemony, socially entrenched and unchecked within the Yoruba social system. Consequently, building it on the philosophical framework of Hobbes and Locke, the paper argued that; considering the fact that each sex is biologically determined and the complementary contribution made by each towards procreation, it is consistent to conclude that the child belongs to both parents. Considering the assumption that each parent is a natural object, conditioned to respond to procreation eliciting natural promptings, it follows that the children belong to Nature. The paper therefore concludes that family laws in Yoruba societies ought to reflect equal ownership of children by both parents. Methodology used include textual analysis and argumentative investigation.
The Algerian Way: The Cycle of Securitization as a Response to COVID-19
Authors: Ouassini Nabil , Ouassini Anwar , Amini Mostafa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the MENA region, Algeria was one of the countries with the highest cases of COVID-19. However, like other transformative events in its recent history, the regime has resorted to a process of securitization that has allowed for the Algerian government to exploit the pandemic as a national security threat. This article drew on the concept of securitization to examine the Algerian response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The paper will commence with an analysis of Algeria’s securitization approaches to the Dark Decade and the Arab Spring. The paper will then argue that the Algerian process of securitization is a cyclic response utilized to reinforce the state’s legitimacy and secure the regime’s power. The paper will finally examine the implications of Algeria’s securitization approach to COVID-19 on the Hirak movement, the regime, and the public.
The Indigenous Origin of Intermediality in Nigerian Stand-up Comedy
Authors: Nwankwọ Izuu , Chukwu-Okoronkwo Samuel O. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intermediality, a conflation of different artistic media into one event, is typically considered to have developed in the West. In this paper, we argue that intermediality existed in pre-colonial performance traditions across Africa, where various modes of artistic enactments merged into one were preferred to enactments partitioned into different generic categories. This study identifies multiple artistic genres inherent in Nigerian stand-up art, with specific reference to various sets of Ayo Makun’s AY Live wherein we identify the blending of joke-telling, theatre, cinema, song performance and dance within each show. We trace indigenous origins of this conflation of forms by illustrating how delineations between “types” of play, as seen in AY Live, did not exist in indigenous performances. This paper thus, extends research on intermediality and African popular culture by detailing the ways in which Nigerian stand-up enactments are packaged as total entertainment in the manner of pre-existing indigenous performances.
Christian Nationalism and the Project of Christian Political Theory: A Review Essay of The Case for Christian Nationalism by Stephen Wolfe
Authors: DeMoor Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This review essay examines Stephen Wolfe’s The Case for Christian Nationalism, focusing on his presentation of his book as a work of Christian political theory. His claims regarding national will and agency are analyzed, and problems with them are traced to his political theology and his methodological assumptions about Christian political theory. In place of those assumptions, Kuyper’s idea of architectonic critique is recommended as a more fruitful approach to Christian political theory in the Reformed tradition.
The Influence of Gravity and Mass Loading on the Coalescence of Aerodynamically Interacting Droplets in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence
Authors: Michel Antoine , Ababaei Ahmad , Rosa Bogdan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The collision–coalescence of cloud droplets in atmospheric turbulent flow is analyzed numerically using direct numerical simulation coupled to a Lagrangian particle tracking. The droplet aerodynamic interactions (AI) are represented for employing two complementary approaches. For large separations, the interaction forces are evaluated by the superposition of Stokes disturbance velocities generated by moving particles. When the distance between droplets is comparable to their mean radii, lubrication forces are additionally considered. Simulation results show that without gravitational acceleration, aerodynamic interactions decrease the kinetics of the coalescence process but do not significantly impact the size spectrum broadening. The influence of AI on the coalescence kinetics is more complex in the presence of gravity and depends on the mass loading and on droplet inertia. Long-range aerodynamic interactions reduce the coalescences in dilute suspensions but increase the collision rate in dense suspensions of high-inertia droplets. In contrast, lubrication forces decrease the collision rate regardless of the mass loading. The collision efficiency induced by aerodynamic interactions additionally is influenced by the radius ratio of colliding droplets and the mechanisms leading to raindrops formation and growth. In cloud-like conditions, both long- and short-range AI decrease the fraction of raindrops created by collisions between droplets (autoconversion) while promoting raindrops growth by accretion (collection by settling drops). In turn, aerodynamic interactions favor the growth of a limited number of droplets and promote the broadening of the droplet size spectrum. This effect is stronger in dilute suspensions of weakly inertial droplets, corresponding to the flow properties encountered in developing precipitation.
Feasibility of a Multi-Component Strengths-Building Intervention for Caregivers of Persons With Heart Failure
Authors: Abshire Saylor Martha , Pavlovic Noelle , DeGroot Lyndsay , Peeler Anna , Nelson Katie E. , Perrin Nancy , Gilotra Nisha A. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Davidson Patricia M. , Szanton Sarah L. 
Published: September 2023

Caregivers of persons with heart failure (HF) navigate complex care plans, yet support strategies often focus solely on meeting the needs of patients. We conducted a randomized waitlist control trial ( N = 38) to test the feasibility and gauge initial effect size of the Caregiver Support intervention on quality of life, caregiver burden, and self-efficacy among HF caregivers. The intervention includes up to five remote, nurse-facilitated sessions. Components address: holistic caregiver assessment, life purpose, action planning, resources, and future planning. Caregivers were 93.3% female, 60% White, and 63.3% spouses. Average age was 59.4. Participants who completed the intervention reported high satisfaction and acceptability of activities. Between-group effect sizes at 16 and 32 weeks suggest improvement in quality of life (mental health) (.88; 1.08), caregiver burden (.31; .37), and self-efficacy (.63; .74). Caregivers found Caregiver Support acceptable and feasible. Findings contribute evidence that this intervention can enhance caregiver outcomes. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT04090749.
Food insecurity and depressive symptoms among young people living with HIV in Eastern Zambia
Authors: Shangani Sylvia , Masa Rainier , Zimba Mathias , Zimba Gilbert , Operario Don 
Published: September 2023

Background: Mental health problems are common among people living with HIV/AIDS and contribute to poor HIV-related outcomes, including AIDS-related mortality. We examined the association between severe food insecurity and depressive symptoms in young people living with HIV (YPLH) in Zambia. Methods: We sampled 120 youth living with HIV aged 18–21 years in the Eastern Province of Zambia. Household food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Mental health was assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form. We fitted linear regression models to assess whether food insecurity is associated with depressive symptoms. Results: The mean age was 19 years, and 63% were female. Overall, 43% were severely food insecure. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables and other confounders, severely food insecure participants were more likely to report depressive symptoms (β = 0.81, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.07–1.55) and engagement in sex work (β = 1.78, 95% CI 0.32–3.25). Conclusion: Almost half of the sample reported severe food insecurity which was associated with depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at improving food insecurity may have beneficial effects on mental health and HIV outcomes among young people living with HIV in resource-limited settings.
Sparsentan: A First-in-Class Dual Endothelin and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Chiu Ada W. , Bredenkamp Nina 
Published: September 2023

Objective:To provide an overview of the guidelines on the management of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), review the evidence for sparsentan, and discuss its place in therapy.Data Sources:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov using the search terms “sparsentan” and “RE-021” up to the end of Jun 2023.Study Selection and Data Extraction:English studies were included if they evaluated the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of sparsentan in human subjects. Information from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and manufacturer’s monograph were also extracted.Data Synthesis:In comparison with irbesartan, sparsentan reduced urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) in both IgAN (−49.8% vs −15.1% at interim 36 weeks) and FSGS (−44.8% vs −18.5% at 8 weeks). Hypotension and edema were the most common adverse events in the sparsentan groups. Hepatotoxicity appears to be comparable between sparsentan and irbesartan in short-term results.Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison With Existing Drugs:Sparsentan provides a new option for patients with IgAN who are otherwise at high risk of progressive kidney disease. Continued FDA approval is dependent on long-term study results on renal function decline and safety.Conclusion:Sparsentan reduces proteinuria in IgAN and FSGS, and has expedited approval by the FDA for IgAN in patients at risk of rapid disease progression, generally at urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) ≥1.5 g/g. Interim results from PROTECT and results from DUET showed promise for improving proteinuria in IgAN and FSGS. Long-term renal function benefit and safety data are pending.
Impact of Bileaflet Mechanical Mitral Valve Orientation on Pannus Overgrowth
Authors: Duman Zihni Mert , Apaydın Zinar , Can İsa , Kaplan Mustafa Can , Buğra Abdül Kerim , Timur Barış , Bayram Muhammed , Karakurt Seda Tükenmez , Güler Gamze Babür , Kadiroğulları Ersin , Onan Burak 
Published: September 2023

Objective: Pannus overgrowth is a chronic inflammatory process that can cause valve dysfunction and threaten the durability of prosthetic valves. Bileaflet mechanical mitral valve can be implanted in either an anatomical (parallel to the anatomical axis) or nonanatomical (perpendicular or oblique to the anatomical axis) orientation. The effect of the rotational orientation of the bileaflet mechanical mitral valve on excessive pannus enlargement is unknown. The present study compared the effect of bileaflet mechanical mitral valve orientation on pannus overgrowth. Methods: The study included patients who underwent bileaflet mechanical mitral valve replacement for rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. The pannus formation was confirmed by reexamining all transesophageal echocardiography images in the picture archiving and communication systems between May 2017 and April 2021. The primary aim of this study was the development of pannus overgrowth. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on their implantation orientation of the bileaflet mechanical mitral valve. Results: Pannus overgrowth was found in 26 patients (56.5%) in the anatomical orientation group and 71 patients (74.7%) in the nonanatomical orientation group ( P = 0.03). Anatomical orientation reduced the development of pannus overgrowth (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, P = 0.04), and double left heart valve replacement increased the development of pannus overgrowth (OR = 2.73, P = 0.04). Conclusions: Pannus overgrowth was less common in bileaflet mechanical mitral valves implanted in the anatomical orientation.
Ultrasound Investigation of the Radial Nerve’s Superficial Branch: Reducing the Risk of K-Wire Insertion Damage in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Hamada Tomo , Tada Kaoru 
Published: September 2023

Background: Kirschner wire (K-wire) insertion during surgery for distal radius fractures carries a risk of damaging the radial nerve’s superficial branch. In this prospective study, we investigated the relationship between the radial nerve’s superficial branch and the radius using ultrasound to minimize risk. Methods: We collected data from 101 healthy volunteers (202 limbs; 51 men; mean age: 40.6 years). We ultrasonographically assessed the courses of the radial nerve’s dorsal and superficial palmar branches at 0, 1, 2, and 3 cm proximal to the radial styloid process tip. The positional relationship between the radial nerve’s superficial branch and the radius was determined by splitting the radius’s ultrasound map into 4 sections (R1-R4) from the palmar side. The section containing the dorsal and palmar branch midpoints was determined for each height. Results: In many limbs, the dorsal branch tended to wrap from the proximal palmar to the distal dorsal side at 1 to 2 cm proximal to the radial styloid process tip. In approximately 90% of limbs, the palmar branch ran along the radius’s palmar side rather than the radial surface. Conclusions: A small incision enabling direct view may be the best approach for avoiding nerve damage when the superficial branch is less than or equal to 2 cm proximal to the tip of the radial styloid process. Inserting the K-wire from the dorsal side of the radius may be safer for more proximal locations. We recommend a preoperative ultrasound examination to determine the course of the superficial branches of the radial nerve in each patient.