bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in HIV/STI Prevalence and Prevention Among the Partners of Transgender and Nonbinary People
Authors: Tordoff Diana M. , Minalga Brian , Perry Nicole Lynn , Gross Bennie , Khosropour Christine M. , Glick Sara N. , Barbee Lindley A. , Duerr Ann ,   the Seattle Trans and Nonbinary Sexual Health (STARS) Advisory Board
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people are diverse in their sexual orientation and partnerships. We describe the epidemiology of HIV/STI prevalence and prevention utilization among the partners of TNB people in Washington State.

Methods
We pooled data from five 2017-2021 cross-sectional HIV surveillance data sources to generate a large sample of TNB people and cisgender people who had a TNB partner in the past year. We describe characteristics of recent partners of trans women, trans men, and nonbinary people and use Poisson regression to assess if having a TNB partner was associated with self-reported HIV/STIs prevalence, testing, and PrEP use.

Results
Our analysis included 360 trans women, 316 trans men, 963 nonbinary people, 2896 cis women, and 7540 cis men. Overall, 9% of sexual minority cis men, 13% of sexual minority cis women, and 36% of TNB participants reported having any TNB partners. There was significant heterogeneity in HIV/STI prevalence, testing, and PrEP use among the partners of TNB people by study participant gender and the gender of their sex partners. In regression models, having a TNB partner was associated with a higher likelihood of HIV/STI testing and PrEP use but was not associated with higher HIV prevalence.

Conclusions
We observed significant heterogeneity in HIV/STI prevalence and preventative behaviors among the partners of TNB people. Given that TNB people are diverse in their sexual partnerships, there is a need to better understand individual-, dyad-, and structural-level factors that facilitate HIV/STI prevention across these diverse partnerships.
Factors Associated With Rapid Linkage to HIV Medical Care Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With HIV Infection in the United States, 2019 to 2020
Authors: Song Wei , Mulatu Mesfin S. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Rapid linkage to HIV medical care, ideally within 7 days of a person's diagnosis with HIV infection, is a vital strategy of the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative in the United States. We analyzed HIV testing data to evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with rapid linkage to HIV medical care.

Methods
We used HIV testing data reported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–funded 60 state and local health departments and 29 community-based organizations from 2019 to 2020. Variables analyzed include rapid linkage to HIV medical care (within 7 days of diagnosis), demographic/population characteristics, geographic region, test site type, and test year. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the characteristics associated with rapid linkage to HIV medical care.

Results
A total of 3,678,070 HIV tests were conducted, and 11,337 persons were newly diagnosed with HIV infection. Only 4710 persons (41.5%) received rapid linkage to HIV medical care, which was more likely among men who have sex with men or persons who were diagnosed in Phase I Ending the HIV Epidemic jurisdictions and less likely among persons diagnosed in sexually transmitted disease clinics or the South region.

Conclusions
Less than one-half of persons newly diagnosed with HIV infection in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–funded HIV testing programs were linked to HIV medical care within 7 days of diagnosis. Rapid linkage to care varied significantly by population characteristics and setting. Identifying and removing potential individual, social, or structural barriers to rapid linkage to care can help improve HIV-related health equity and contribute to the national goal of ending the HIV epidemic.
Timeline and Incidence of Postoperative Complications in Prepectoral, Dual-Plane, and Total Submuscular Alloplastic Reconstruction With and Without Biosynthetic Scaffold Usage
Authors: Chen Yunchan , Wang Marcos Lu , Black Grant G. , Bernstein Jaime L. , Chinta Malini , Otterburn David M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Acellular dermal matrices and synthetic meshes are commonly used to improve inframammary-fold definition, minimize muscle excision, and allow for greater control over the surgical technique in implant-based breast reconstruction. The aims of this study are to compare various combinations of placement planes and biosynthetic scaffolds and to further examine the respective incidences of postoperative complications and the timeline of capsular contracture development.

Methods
A data set consisting of 220 patients (393 samples) who underwent 2-stage reconstruction between 2012 and 2021 was used in the study. χ2, Fisher exact test, and 1-way analysis of variance were used to identify significant differences between the 4 subgroups. Cox proportional-hazards model and Kaplan-Meier estimator were used for survival analysis.

Results
On univariate logistic regression (odds ratio, 0.21; P = 0.005), survival analysis (P = 0.0082), and Cox-proportional hazard model (hazard ratio, 1.6; P = 0.01), poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh usage was linked to an increased risk of capsular contracture development. Prepectoral placement with no mesh and dual-plane placement with acellular dermal matrix showed similar timelines of capsular contracture development. The lowest incidences of capsular contracture occurred in the prepectoral placement and no mesh (49/161, 30.4%) and total submuscular subgroups (3/14, 21.4%). Infection, necrosis, and revision surgery rates did not differ significantly between the 4 groups.

Conclusions
The use of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh in 2-stage breast reconstruction is correlated with a statistically significant increase in capsular contracture. Prepectoral placement with no biosynthetic scaffold had one of the lowest rates of contracture and may provide the most optimal balance between economic and clinical considerations in implant-based reconstruction.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on the 2022 Plastic Surgery Match
Authors: Girard Alisa O. , Lopez Christopher D. , Khoo Kimberly H. , Lake Isabel V. , Yusuf Cynthia T. , Lopez Joseph , Redett Richard J. , Yang Robin 
Published: March 2023

Background
In 2022, the plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) match faced unprecedented system-wide transitions that have redefined conventional measures of applicant success. This challenges the equitable assessment of student competitiveness and diversity in the field.

Methods
A survey of demography, application content, and 2022 match outcomes was distributed to applicants to a single PRS residency program. Comparative statistics and regression models were performed to assess the predictive value of factors in match success and quality.

Results
A total of 151 respondents (response rate 49.7%) were analyzed. Although step 1 and step 2 CK scores were significantly higher among matched applicants, neither examination predicted match success. Most respondents (52.3%) were women, although gender was also not significantly associated with match success. Underrepresented in medicine applicants made up 19.2% of responses and 16.7% of matches, and the plurality of respondents (22.5%) were raised with a household income ≥$300,000. Both Black race and household income ≤$100,000 were associated with lower odds of scoring above a 240 on either step 1 or step 2 CK (Black: OR, 0.03 and 0.06; P < 0.05 and P < 0.001; income: OR, 0.07–0.47 and 0.1 to 0.8, among income subgroups), receiving interview offers (OR, −9.4; P < 0.05; OR, −11.0 to −5.4), and matching into PRS (OR, 0.2; P < 0.05; OR, 0.2 to 0.5), compared with White and high-income applicants, respectively.

Conclusions
Systemic inequities in the match process disadvantage underrepresented in medicine candidates and those from lower household incomes. As the residency match continues to evolve, programs must understand and mitigate the impacts of bias in various application components.
A Study on Breast Augmentation Using Fat Grafting With Stromal Vascular Fraction
Authors: Shin Dong-Jin 
Published: March 2023

Background
Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and fat grafting are emerging alternatives to implants for breast augmentation. However, the lack of controlled clinical data has led to conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of surgical treatments. This study aimed to identify the key factors affecting the outcomes of fat grafting with SVF and to recognize novel methods to improve the retention rate.

Patients and Methods
In total, 384 women underwent breast augmentation using fat grafting with SVF. The patients were preoperatively and postoperatively managed and recalled for follow-up at 3, 6, and 18 months.

Results
The average volume of the injection in the left breast was 162.35 mL (range, 50–260 mL). The postoperative retention rates were 78.65% in 384 patients at 3 months, 77.17% in 273 patients at 6 months, and 77.48% in 102 patients at 18 months. The retention rates were compared based on the number of SVF cells; patients with more than 60 million cells had a retention rate of 70.77%, and those with less than 60 million cells had a retention rate of 85.60% at 18 months. The retention rates at the 18-month follow-up were 65.62% and 85.09% in stiff and soft breasts, respectively. A higher number of cells in the SVF was associated with a greater retention volume, and the retention volume was greater in patients with soft breasts.
Given the higher use of the right arm, after 18 months of the surgery, the retention rate of the right breast (60.35%) was lower than that of the left breast (77.48%) (P < 0.05; t = −13.199).

Conclusions
Limiting arm movement, increasing the number of cells in the SVF, and improving the skin tension might enhance the retention rate in patients undergoing breast augmentation.
Posterior Cranial Retraction Combined With Bilateral Parietal Distraction for Children With Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Shen Weimin , Ji Yi , Cui Jie , Chen Jianbing , Kong Liangliang 
Published: March 2023

Background
The nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is the most common of craniosynostoses in childhood. There are many treatments. We aim to treat 12 cases of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis via posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis combined with bilateral parietal distraction.

Methods
Data of a total of 12 patients (7 boys and 5 girls) with nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis who underwent distraction osteogenesis between January 2015 and August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Bilateral parietal bone flaps and posterior occipital flaps were designed and cut. Then, distraction device was placed, which was distracted at 5 days after surgery (twice per day, 0.4–0.6 mm/d, and lasting for 10–15 days). After 6 months of fixation, the secondary surgery was performed to remove the device.

Results
The scaphocephaly was corrected, and the appearance was satisfactory. Postoperative follow-up time was 6 to 14 months, with an average of 10 months, and the mean CI was 63.2 and 78.25 before and after surgery, respectively; the mean anterior-posterior skull diameter was shortened (12.63 ± 3.47) mm, the transverse diameter of both temporal regions was lengthened (15.4 ± 4.18) mm, and the scaphocephalic deformity was significantly improved. There was no detachment or rupture of the extender postoperatively. No severe complications, such as radiation necrosis or intracranial infection, were observed.

Conclusion
Posterior cranial retraction combined with bilateral parietal distraction in children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, in which the proposed technique did not exhibit severe complications, and it is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction Using the Free Forearm Fillet Flap in the Salvage of Forequarter Amputations for Recurrent Sarcoma
Authors: Arikawa Masaki , Akazawa Satoshi , Kageyama Daisuke , Kawai Akira , Miyamoto Shimpei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Reconstruction after radical forequarter amputation for recurrent proximal extremity sarcoma is challenging because the defect is significant, and the axillary or subclavian vessels are resected with the tumor, indicating that the pedicle of nearby flaps is often cut off. Free flaps are commonly used to cover the defect, but the donor site morbidity is problematic. Another problem with resecting the axillary or subclavian vessels is difficulty obtaining recipient vessels with matching calibers for another free flap. The authors presented 2 cases that successfully solved all these problems by covering the defects by the forearm fillet flaps.
The forearm fillet flap has the advantage of using a portion that is usually discarded, so there is no donor site morbidity. Moreover, using the brachial artery as the pedicle of the flap allows the anastomosis to the stump of the resected axillary or subclavian artery because differences in caliber are slight.
The use of the forearm fillet flaps has been reported less frequently than the fillet flaps in the lower extremities, and most cases are posttraumatic. In cases of trauma, complications are reported to occur in about 1 in 4 patients, but in cases after tumor resection, ischemic time can be controlled, and there are no risks of contamination or unnoticed forearm damage, so more stable results can be expected as in this report.
Using the free flap from the distal portion of the resected upper limb, especially in cases with a short prognosis, is a viable option that effectively minimizes damage to the donor site and maintains quality of life.
An Evolution of the Surgical Management of Synpolydactyly
Authors: Xu Wen , Graham Emily M. , Shubinets Valeriy , Mendenhall Shaun D. , Chang Benjamin , Lin Ines C. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionSynpolydactyly is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by syndactyly and polydactyly in the central hand. Limited treatment guidelines exist for this complex condition.MethodsA retrospective review of synpolydactyly patients was conducted at a large, tertiary pediatric referral center to describe our surgical experience and evolution of management. The Wall classification system was used to categorize cases.ResultsEleven patients (21 hands) with synpolydactyly were identified. Most of the patients were White and had at least one first-degree relative who also had synpolydactyly. The Wall classification yielded the following results: 7 type 1A hands, 4 type 2B hands, 6 type 3 hands, and 4 uncategorizable hands. Each patient had an average of 2.6 surgeries and an average follow-up time of 5.2 years. The rates of postoperative angulation and flexion deformities were 24% and 38%, respectively, with many of these cases also demonstrating preoperative alignment abnormalities. These cases often required additional surgeries including osteotomies, capsulectomies, and/or soft tissue releases. The rate of web creep was 14% with 2 of these patients requiring revision surgery. Despite these findings, at the time of final follow-up, most patients had favorable functional outcomes, were able to engage in bimanual tasks, and were able to perform activities of daily living independently.ConclusionsSynpolydactyly is a rare congenital hand anomaly with a significant degree of variability in clinical presentation. The rates of angulation and flexion deformities as well as web creep are not insignificant. We have learned to prioritize correcting contractures, angulation deformities, and skin fusion, over simply trying to delete the “extra” number of bones as this may destabilize the digit(s).
Comprehensive Reconstructive Care for Patients of All Gender Identities After Cancer of the Breast
Authors: Bagwell Alexis K. , Nauta Allison C. , Peters Blair R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer can affect anyone; therefore, it affects people of all gender identities. Reconstructive options after breast cancer must then address the needs of all people. Our institution is unique in its provision of both high-level comprehensive breast and gender affirmation care. In our practice, patients have expressed gender diverse identities during their breast cancer reconstructive journey. In these cases, goals have deviated from traditional breast restoration, gravitating toward gender-affirming mastectomy, or results often seen with “top surgery.” We present a framework for the administration of breast cancer care and discussions of reconstruction from a lens of gender inclusivity. Breast cancer is a diagnosis that has been gendered, resulting in the erasure and exclusion of reconstructive needs for people affected by breast cancer that are not cisgender women. This is illustrated through the case of a nonbinary individual seen in breast cancer clinic for multifocal ductal carcinoma in situ. Our standard review of options of “going flat,” implant-based reconstruction, and autologous reconstruction led to initial confusion given their early exploration of gender identity co-occurring with a new diagnosis of breast cancer. These scenarios can be challenging when viewed solely from the perspective of a breast reconstructive surgeon or a gender-affirming surgeon alone. Both perspectives are often needed. Our gender-affirming and breast reconstructive teams have discussed methods to identify patients who require more robust discussion of gender identity and reconstructive options in the setting of breast cancer, such as chest masculinization. By adding gender-affirming surgeons to the list of providers available to counsel breast cancer patients, we may be able to better provide early education on all reconstructive options and appropriately address the needs of transgender and gender diverse people affected by breast cancer.
Morphological Studies to Identify the Nasopalatine and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Using a Special Head and Neck MRI Coil
Authors: Grandoch Andrea , Oeser Julia , Zöller Joachim E. , Große Hokamp Nils , Lichtenstein Thorsten , Neugebauer Jörg 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:Procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery bear a high risk of nerve damage. Three-dimensional imaging techniques can optimize surgical planning and help to spare nerves. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of a 1.5Tmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with a dedicated dental signal amplification coil for the assessment of nerves in the oral cavity as compared with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods:Based on 6 predefined criteria, the assessability of the inferior alveolar and nasopalatine nerves in CBCT and MRI with a dedicated 4-channel dental coil were compared in 24 patients.Results:Compared with CBCT, MRI with the dental coil showed significantly better evaluability of the inferior alveolar nerve in the sagittal and axial plane and the nasopalatine nerve in the axial plane. In the sagittal plane; however, the assessability of the nasopalatine nerve was significantly better in CBCT as compared with MRI. Yet, pertaining to overall assessability, no significant differences between modalities were found.Conclusions:In this pilot study, it can be reported that 1.5-TMRI with a dedicated dental coil is at least equivalent, if not superior, to CBCT in imaging nerve structures of the stomatognathic system.Clinical Relevance:Preoperative, 3-dimensional images are known to simplify and refine the planning and execution of operations in maxillofacial surgery. In contrast to computed tomography and CBCT, MRI does not cause radiation exposure while enabling visualization of all relevant hard and soft tissues and, therefore, holds an advantage over well-established techniques.
Bias in the trauma bay: A multicenter qualitative study on team communication
Authors: Bankhead Brittany K. , Bichard Shannon L. , Seltzer Trent , Thompson Lisa A. , Chambers Barbie , Davis Bayli , Knowlton Lisa M. , Tatebe Leah C. , Vella Michael A. , Dumas Ryan P. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Team communication and bias in and out of the operating room have been shown to impact patient outcomes. Limited data exist regarding the impact of communication bias during trauma resuscitation and multidisciplinary team performance on patient outcomes. We sought to characterize bias in communication among health care clinicians during trauma resuscitations.

METHODS
Participation from multidisciplinary trauma team members (emergency medicine and surgery faculty, residents, nurses, medical students, emergency medical services personnel) was solicited from verified level 1 trauma centers. Comprehensive semistructured interviews were conducted and recorded for analysis; sample size was determined by saturation. Interviews were led by a team of doctorate communications experts. Central themes regarding bias were identified using Leximancer analytic software (Leximancer Pty Ltd., Brisbane, Australia).

RESULTS
Interviews with 40 team members (54% female, 82% White) from 5 geographically diverse Level 1 trauma centers were conducted. More than 14,000 words were analyzed. Statements regarding bias were analyzed and revealed a consensus that multiple forms of communication bias are present in the trauma bay. The presence of bias is primarily related to sex but was also influenced by race, experience, and occasionally the leader's age, weight, and height. The most commonly described targets of bias were females and non-White providers unfamiliar to the rest of the trauma team. Most common sources of bias were White male surgeons, female nurses, and nonhospital staff. Participants perceived bias being unconscious but affecting patient care.

CONCLUSION
Bias in the trauma bay is a barrier to effective team communication. Identification of common targets and sources of biases may lead to more effective communication and workflow in the trauma bay.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Actinomyces israelii and Fusobacterium nucleatum brain abscess in an immunocompetent patient: case report.
Authors: LAMTIRI LAARIF Mouhsine , SCHILS Raphael , LIFRANGE Fréderic , VALKENBORGH Christophe , PITTI Pauline , BROUWERS Pauline , BIANCHI Elettra , MEEX Cécile , HAYETTE Marie-Pierre 
Published: March 2023

Introduction . Brain abscess is the most common focal infectious neurological injury. Until the 19th century this condition was fatal, however the development of neuroimaging for early diagnosis, neurosurgery and antibiotic therapy in the 20th century has led to new therapeutic strategies decreasing mortality from 50% in the 1970s to less than 10% nowadays. In this context we report a case of brain abscess with a dental origin.
Case report . A 63-year-old immunocompetent man without any addiction presented to the emergency department with dysarthria and frontal headache at home. The clinical examination was normal. Further investigations revealed a polymicrobial brain abscess as a consequence of an ear, nose or throat (ENT) infection with locoregional extension with a dental starting point involving Actinomyces israelii and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In spite of a rapid diagnosis and a neurosurgical management associated with an optimal treatment by a dual therapy made of ceftriaxone and metronidazole the patient unfortunately died.
Conclusion. This case report shows that despite a low incidence and a good prognosis following the diagnosis, brain abscesses can lead to patient’s death. Thereby, when the patient's condition and urgency allow, a thorough dental examination of patients with neurological signs following the recommendations would improve the diagnosis made by the clinician. The use of microbiological documentation, the respect of pre-analytical conditions, the interaction between the laboratory and the clinicians are indispensable for an optimal management of these pathologies.