bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review on the Safety of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Specific Antigen–Based Skin Tests for Tuberculosis Infection Compared With Tuberculin Skin Tests
Authors: Hamada Yohhei , Kontsevaya Irina , Surkova Elena , Wang Ting Ting , Wan-Hsin Liu , Matveev Aleksandr , Ziganshina Liliya Eugenevna , Denkinger Claudia M , Korobitsyn Alexei , Ismail Nazir , Abubakar Ibrahim , Rangaka Molebogeng X 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
A systematic review showed that the accuracy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen–based skin tests (TBSTs) for tuberculosis is similar to that of interferon γ release assay, but the safety of TBSTs has not been systematically reviewed.

Methods
We searched for studies reporting injection site reactions (ISRs) and systemic adverse events associated with TBSTs. We searched Medline, Embase, e-library, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database for studies through 30 July 2021, and the database search was updated until 22 November 2022.

Results
We identified 7 studies for Cy-Tb (Serum Institute of India), 7 (including 2 found through the updated search) for C-TST (Anhui Zhifei Longcom), and 11 for Diaskintest (Generium). The pooled risk of any injection site reactions (ISRs) due to Cy-Tb (n = 2931; 5 studies) did not differ significantly from that for tuberculin skin tests (TSTs; risk ratio, 1.05 [95% confidence interval, .70–1.58]). More than 95% of ISRs were reported as mild or moderate; common ISRs included pain, itching, and rash. In 1 randomized controlled study, 49 of 153 participants (37.6%) given Cy-Tb experience any systemic adverse event (eg, fever and headache), compared with 56 of 149 participants (37.6%) given TST (risk ratio, 0.85 [95% confidence interval, .6–1.2]). In a randomized controlled study in China (n = 14 579), the frequency of systemic adverse events in participants given C-TST was similar to that for TST, and the frequency of ISRs was similar to or lower than that for TST. Reporting of the safety data on Diaskintest was not standardized, precluding meta-analysis.

Conclusion
The safety profile of TBSTs appears similar to that of TSTs and is associated with mostly mild ISRs.
Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021
Authors: Truong Hieu Cong , Van Phan Thanh , Nguyen Hung Thanh , Truong Khanh Huu , Do Viet Chau , Pham Nguyet Nguyen My , Ho Thang Vinh , Phan Tram Thi Quynh , Hoang Thang Anh , Soetewey Antoine , Ho Thuy Nguyen Loc , Pham Quang Duy , Luong Quang Chan , Vo Dai Thi Trang , Nguyen Thuong Vu , Speybroeck Niko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
This retrospective hospital-based surveillance aimed to assess the epidemiology, causative pathogens trend, and serotypes distribution of pneumococcal meningitis among children aged under 5 years with bacterial meningitis in Southern Vietnam after the introduction of pentavalent vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).

Methods
From 2012 to 2021, cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from children aged under 5 years with suspected bacterial meningitis at Children's Hospitals 1 and 2 in Ho Chi Minh City. Probable bacterial meningitis (PBM) cases were identified using biochemistry and cytology. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria meningitidis. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping was performed.

Results
Of the 2560 PBM cases, 158 (6.2%) were laboratory-confirmed. The CBM proportion decreased during the 10-year study and was associated with age, seasonality, and permanent residence. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen causing bacterial meningitis (86.1%), followed by H influenzae (7.6%) and N meningitidis (6.3%). The case-fatality rate was 8.2% (95% confidence interval, 4.2%–12.2%). Pneumococcal serotypes 6A/B, 19F, 14, and 23F were the most prevalent, and the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis cases caused by the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes decreased from 96.2% to 57.1% during the PCV eras.

Conclusions
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent causative agent of bacterial meningitis in children aged under 5 years in Southern Vietnam over the last decade. Policymakers may need to consider introducing PCVs into the EPI to effectively prevent and control bacterial meningitis.
Alternative oxidase 1a and 1d enable metabolic flexibility during Ala catabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Oh Glenda Guek Khim , Kumari Vinti , Millar A Harvey , O’Leary Brendan M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ala is a central metabolite in leaf cells whose abundance is related to pyruvate (Pyr) metabolism and nocturnal respiration rates. Exposure of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf disks to certain exogenous amino acids including Ala led to substantial increases in nighttime respiration rates as well as increases in alternative oxidase (AOX) 1d transcript and protein levels. During Ala treatment, AOX1d accumulation, but not AOX1a accumulation, was dependent upon the catabolism of Ala. Complete loss of AOX expression in aox1a aox1d leaf disks did not significantly affect oxygen consumption rates (OCR) under Ala treatment, indicating that AOX capacity per se was not essential for respiratory stimulation by Ala. Rather, Ala treatments caused induction of select antioxidant mechanisms in leaf disks, including a large increase of the ascorbate pool, which was substantially more oxidized in aox1a aox1d leaf disks. Furthermore, we observed differences in the accumulation of a sequence of TCA cycle intermediates from Pyr to 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) in wild type (WT) upon Ala treatment that did not occur in aox1a aox1d leaf disks. The results indicate that AOX induction during enhanced Ala catabolism in leaves mediates mitochondrial redox status, allowing greater metabolic flexibility in mitochondrial organic acid metabolism.
What’s your Opinion? Negation and ‘Weak’ Attitude Verbs
Authors: Schiller Henry Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Attitude verbs like ‘believe’ and ‘want’ exhibit neg-raising: an ascription of the form a doesn’t believe that p tends to convey that a disbelieves—i.e., believes the negation of—p. In ‘Belief is Weak’, Hawthore et al. observe that neg-raising does not occur with verbs like ‘know’ or ‘need’. According to them, an ascription of the form a believes that p is true just in case a is in a belief state that makes p more likely than not, and so—excepting cases of complete indifference—a will either believe p or disbelieve p. I expand and revise this explanation: so-called ‘weak’ attitude verbs are used in ascriptions of an opinion about some subject matter S—a kind of selection from among the elements of S—and these ascriptions are themselves responsive to conversational topics that presuppose that the subject of the ascription has an opinion about S. ‘Strong’ attitude verbs denote more direct relationships between subject and world.
Prevalence and characteristics of subclinical giant cell arteritis in polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: De Miguel Eugenio , Macchioni Pierluigi , Conticini Edoardo , Campochiaro Corrado , Karalilova Rositsa , Monti Sara , Ponte Cristina , Klinowski Giulia , Monjo-Henry Irene , Falsetti Paolo , Batalov Zguro , Tomelleri Alessandro , Hocevar Alojzija 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The main objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence and characteristics of subclinical GCA in patients with PMR.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional multicentre international study of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PMR without symptoms or signs suggestive of GCA. All patients underwent US of the temporal superficial, common carotid, subclavian and axillary arteries. Patients with halo signs in at least one examined artery were considered to have subclinical GCA. The clinical, demographic and laboratory characteristics of the PMR group without subclinical vasculitis were compared with subclinical GCA, and the pattern of vessel involvement was compared with that of a classical single-centre GCA cohort.

Results
We included 346 PMR patients, 267 (77.2%) without subclinical GCA and 79 (22.8%) with subclinical GCA. The PMR patients with subclinical GCA were significantly older, had a longer duration of morning stiffness and more frequently reported hip pain than PMR without subclinical GCA. PMR with subclinical GCA showed a predominant extracranial large vessel pattern of vasculitic involvement compared with classical GCA, where the cranial phenotype predominated. The patients with PMR in the classical GCA group showed a pattern of vessel involvement similar to classical GCA without PMR but different from PMR with subclinical involvement.

Conclusion
More than a fifth of the pure PMR patients had US findings consistent with subclinical GCA. This specific subset of patients showed a predilection for extracranial artery involvement. The optimal screening strategy to assess the presence of vasculitis in PMR remains to be determined.
Caregiver and Child Distress as Predictors of Dyadic Physiological Attunement During Vaccination
Authors: DiLorenzo-Klas Miranda G. , Waxman Jordana A. , Flora David B. , Schmidt Louis A. , Garfield Hartley , Flanders Dan , Weinberg Eitan , Savlov Deena , Pillai Riddell Rebecca R. 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
Previous research discerned 3 groups of caregiver-toddler dyads that differed in their physiological coregulatory patterns, also known as physiological attunement, during routine vaccinations in the second year of life. One group of dyads (80% of sample) displayed an attuned regulatory pattern, and 2 groups of dyads (20% of sample) showed maladaptive attunement patterns (ie, a lack of attunement or misattunement). The objective of the current study was to examine how well the pain-related distress of children and caregivers during vaccination predicted these patterns.

Methods:
Caregiver-toddler dyads (N = 189) were part of a longitudinal cohort observed at either 12-, 18-, or 24-month vaccination appointments. The caregiver’s self-report of worry was assessed before and after the needle, and the child behavioral pain-related distress was also measured during the vaccination appointment. Logistic regression was used to determine how well these variables predicted caregiver-child physiological attunement patterns, as indexed by high-frequency heart rate variability.

Results:
Higher behavioral pain-related distress at various timepoints after the needle were associated with membership in the dyad groups that showed misattunement or lack of attunement. Further, caregivers with higher preneedle worry and lower postneedle worry had a greater likelihood of belonging to groups that showed a maladaptive attunement pattern.

Discussion:
Findings suggest that caregivers who experience distress associated with their toddlers’ vaccination experience more difficulty coregulating with their child during vaccination, and these children are at risk of experiencing higher levels of pain-related distress. This research highlights the need to help caregivers support their children’s regulation during vaccination.
Developing and Validating a Prediction Model For Death or Critical Illness in Hospitalized Adults, an Opportunity for Human-Computer Collaboration
Authors: Verma Amol A. , Pou-Prom Chloe , McCoy Liam G. , Murray Joshua , Nestor Bret , Bell Shirley , Mourad Ophyr , Fralick Michael , Friedrich Jan , Ghassemi Marzyeh , Mamdani Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Hospital early warning systems that use machine learning (ML) to predict clinical deterioration are increasingly being used to aid clinical decision-making. However, it is not known how ML predictions complement physician and nurse judgment. Our objective was to train and validate a ML model to predict patient deterioration and compare model predictions with real-world physician and nurse predictions.

DESIGN:
Retrospective and prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Academic tertiary care hospital.

PATIENTS:
Adult general internal medicine hospitalizations.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We developed and validated a neural network model to predict in-hospital death and ICU admission in 23,528 hospitalizations between April 2011 and April 2019. We then compared model predictions with 3,374 prospectively collected predictions from nurses, residents, and attending physicians about their own patients in 960 hospitalizations between April 30, and August 28, 2019. ML model predictions achieved clinician-level accuracy for predicting ICU admission or death (ML median F1 score 0.32 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.30-0.34], AUC 0.77 [IQ 0.76-0.78]; clinicians median F1-score 0.33 [IQR 0.30–0.35], AUC 0.64 [IQR 0.63–0.66]). ML predictions were more accurate than clinicians for ICU admission. Of all ICU admissions and deaths, 36% occurred in hospitalizations where the model and clinicians disagreed. Combining human and model predictions detected 49% of clinical deterioration events, improving sensitivity by 16% compared with clinicians alone and 24% compared with the model alone while maintaining a positive predictive value of 33%, thus keeping false alarms at a clinically acceptable level.

CONCLUSIONS:
ML models can complement clinician judgment to predict clinical deterioration in hospital. These findings demonstrate important opportunities for human-computer collaboration to improve prognostication and personalized medicine in hospital.
A Novel Method to Detect Copy Number Variation in Melanoma: Droplet Digital PCR for Quantitation of the CDKN2A Gene, a Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: McFadden Jason R. , Syku Marie , Barney Rachael E. , Stevanovic Mirjana , Chaudhari Advaita S. , O'Hern Keegan J. , Chambers Meagan , Baker Catherine M. , LeBlanc Robert E. , Doan Linda , Tsongalis Gregory J. , Hughes Edward G. , Sriharan Aravindhan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
A definitive diagnosis of nevus or melanoma is not always possible for histologically ambiguous melanocytic neoplasms. In such cases, ancillary molecular testing can support a diagnosis of melanoma if certain chromosomal aberrations are detected. Current technologies for copy number variation (CNV) detection include chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although CMA and fluorescence in situ hybridization are effective, their utilization can be limited by cost, turnaround time, and inaccessibility outside of large reference laboratories. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a rapid, automated, and relatively inexpensive technology for CNV detection. We investigated the ability of ddPCR to quantify CNV in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), the most commonly deleted tumor suppressor gene in melanoma. CMA data were used as the gold standard. We analyzed 57 skin samples from 52 patients diagnosed with benign nevi, borderline lesions, primary melanomas, and metastatic melanomas. In a training cohort comprising 29 randomly selected samples, receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed an optimal ddPCR cutoff value of 1.73 for calling CDKN2A loss. In a validation cohort comprising the remaining 28 samples, ddPCR detected CDKN2A loss with a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 90%, respectively. Significantly, ddPCR could also identify whether CDKN2A losses were monoallelic or biallelic. These pilot data suggest that ddPCR can detect CDKN2A deletions in melanocytic tumors with accuracy comparable with CMA. With further validation, ddPCR could provide an additional CNV assay to aid in the diagnosis of challenging melanocytic neoplasms.
Targeting hepatic serine-arginine protein kinase 2 ameliorates alcohol-associated liver disease by alternative splicing control of lipogenesis
Authors: Li Guannan , Chen Hanqing , Shen Feng , Smithson Steven Blake , Shealy Gavyn Lee , Ping Qinggong , Liang Zerong , Han Jingyan , Adams Andrew C. , Li Yu , Feng Dechun , Gao Bin , Morita Masahiro , Han Xianlin , Huang Tim H. , Musi Nicolas , Zang Mengwei 
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims:
Lipid accumulation induced by alcohol consumption is not only an early pathophysiological response but also a prerequisite for the progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Alternative splicing regulates gene expression and protein diversity; dysregulation of this process is implicated in human liver diseases. However, how the alternative splicing regulation of lipid metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of ALD remains undefined.

Approach and Results:
Serine-arginine-rich protein kinase 2 (SRPK2), a key kinase controlling alternative splicing, is activated in hepatocytes in response to alcohol, in mice with chronic-plus-binge alcohol feeding, and in patients with ALD. Such induction activates sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and promotes lipogenesis in ALD. Overexpression of FGF21 in transgenic mice abolishes alcohol-mediated induction of SRPK2 and its associated steatosis, lipotoxicity, and inflammation; these alcohol-induced pathologies are exacerbated in FGF21 knockout mice. Mechanistically, SRPK2 is required for alcohol-mediated impairment of serine-arginine splicing factor 10, which generates exon 7 inclusion in lipin 1 and triggers concurrent induction of lipogenic regulators—lipin 1β and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. FGF21 suppresses alcohol-induced SRPK2 accumulation through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 inhibition-dependent degradation of SRPK2. Silencing SRPK2 rescues alcohol-induced splicing dysregulation and liver injury in FGF21 knockout mice.

Conclusions:
These studies reveal that (1) the regulation of alternative splicing by SRPK2 is implicated in lipogenesis in humans with ALD; (2) FGF21 is a key hepatokine that ameliorates ALD pathologies largely by inhibiting SRPK2; and (3) targeting SRPK2 signaling by FGF21 may offer potential therapeutic approaches to combat ALD.
Prognostic factors for high societal costs: a register-based study on 561,665 patients with shoulder disorders
Authors: Sørensen Lotte , van Dongen Johanna Maria , van Tulder Maurits , Oestergaard Lisa Gregersen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Shoulder disorders are common and associated with high societal costs, especially for a small group of patients. Prognostic factors can help identify high-cost patients, which is crucial to optimize early identification and develop tailored interventions. We aimed to identify prognostic factors for high societal costs, to examine whether the prognostic factors were similar for high healthcare costs and high costs of sick leave, and to investigate the model's robustness across 4 diagnostic categories. Using national Danish registers, potential prognostic factors (age, sex, educational level, long-term sick leave, admission, visits to general practitioner and physiotherapist, comorbidity, diabetes, low back pain, and neck pain) were included in a logistic regression model with high societal costs, defined by the top 10th percentile, as the main outcome. The model's prognostic accuracy was assessed using the Nagelkerke R
2 and its discriminative ability using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Data on 80% of the patients (n = 449,302) were used to develop the model and 20% (n = 112,363) to validate the model. By far the strongest prognostic factor for high societal costs and high costs of sick leave was sick leave at the time of diagnosis (OR: 20.2, 95% CI: 19.5-20.9). Prognostic factors for high healthcare costs were high age, comorbidity, and hospital admission the year before diagnosis. The model was robust across diagnostic categories and sensitivity analyses. In the validation sample, the primary model's discriminative ability was good (AUC = 0.80) and the model explained 28% of the variation in the outcome (Nagelkerke R
2).
Debates as an Active Learning Strategy to Enhance Students' Knowledge of Ethics in Professional Nursing Practice and Health Care
Authors: Napoleon Betty , Kuchenrither Christine 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Ethical debates as an active learning strategy encourage students to think critically through complex ethical issues while using evidence-based literature to compare views and support decision-making actions that affect patient outcomes.

Problem:
The current complexity of health care implies that nurses will continue to encounter ethical dilemmas that demand essential knowledge of ethical principles, critical thinking strategies, and practical communication skills.

Approach:
Student groups were assigned a health care–related ethical issue and collaborated to present their pro or con position. The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Baccalaureate Essentials guided the structure of the student debates.

Conclusion:
Utilizing the ANA Code and AACN Essentials as supportive frameworks to guide students' ethical debate preparation and execution enhanced students' knowledge and supported their critical thinking about ethical issues in health care.
Development and Validation of an Operational Model for Nursing Academic-Practice Partnerships
Authors: Moss Angela , Cygan Heide , Geis Alice , Bejster Mallory , Ferry-Rooney Raechel , Kalensky Melissa , Delaney Kathleen R. , Cavenagh Yasmin , Gallagher Terry , Garbarz Krzysztof , Rousseau Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Several definitions and guiding principles for nursing academic-practice partnerships exist.

Problem:
There remains a gap between academic-practice partnership definitions and practical operational models, thereby limiting schools of nursing ability to engage in productive partnerships. This article describes the development and validation of a novel Operational Model for Nursing Academic-Practice Partnerships.

Approach:
An email survey of all nursing faculty (n = 228) identified quantity and types of faculty-led academic-practice partnerships. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed via thematic analysis conducted by 2 members of the project team and validated by the full project team.

Outcomes:
The Operational Model for Academic-Practice Partnerships was created and is comprised of 8 partnership strategies: innovation, embedded faculty, joint appointment, consultant, independent practice, volunteer, scholarship, and clinical site development.

Conclusion:
We offer this model as a framework to structure the development, implementation, and evaluation of academic-practice partnerships at nursing schools.