bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enacting anti‐racist writing workshop pedagogies in an online, drop‐in writing club for youth
Authors: Silva Bethany , Raymond Aleigha , Brikiatis Mia , Magnifico Alecia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article documents the authors' modification and implementation of anti‐racist writing workshop (ARWW) practices in the context of an online, drop‐in writing club, Pens Out. We sought to understand how teens perceive writing practices that are not white‐normed — specifically, centring relationships instead of prizing individuality, embedding choice instead of replicating one authorial view and observing writerly craft instead of errors. As white‐identifying educators and researchers, we engaged in practitioner inquiry to understand how programme participants who live in a predominately white region experience these practices. We asked: How do attendees understand and describe experiences with writing workshop pedagogies that seek to de‐centre whiteness? This question has become increasingly important as politicians in the United States restrict anti‐racist educational practices and content. We used conventional content analysis to observe themes across five participants' semi‐structured interviews. Findings indicated that participants' relationships with each other produced inspiration and reciprocity, writing expectations from inside and outside the club affected choice and risk taking, and observing craft multimodally encouraged sharing and reciprocity. What we discovered can help teachers and leaders of K12 writing workshops implement ARWW practices and increase allyship while discussing and questioning hegemonic ideals in K12 schooling.
Assessing animal welfare during a stranding of pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata)
Authors: Boys Rebecca M. , Beausoleil Ngaio J. , Hunter Stuart , Betty Emma L. , Hinton Bethany , Stockin Karen A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmpirical assessment of cetacean welfare to inform stranding interventions is lacking. Here, potential welfare indicators are described for two stranded pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata), along with euthanasia procedures and pathology of potential relevance. The animals were filmed for 3.5 and 1.5 hr, respectively, allowing assessment of 19 indicators, including animal behaviors and human interventions. Eight interventions and 19 animal behaviors were identified; 17 and 11 behaviors were displayed by animal 1 and 2, respectively. Examination of ballistics euthanasia revealed atypical projectile placement and characterized animal behavioral responses, but welfare implications could not be assessed as insensibility was not verified in‐field. Pulmonary edema and renal degeneration were documented in both animals; differential etiologies include ischemia–reperfusion, shock, and/or myopathy. Potential relationships among histopathology and welfare indicators are explored to infer affective experiences. For example, simultaneous head‐lifting with respiration increased over time which, alongside pulmonary edema, suggests these animals experienced breathlessness. Other likely affective states include fatigue and discomfort; there are insufficient data to estimate the intensity or duration of these experiences or to provide an overall welfare grade/score. Further data are required to validate the proposed welfare indicators and to progress development of holistic approaches to welfare assessment at cetacean strandings.
TaRBP1 stabilizes TaGLTP and negatively regulates stripe rust resistance in wheat
Authors: Li Yue , Zhang Rongrong , Wu Yu , Wu Qin , Jiang Qiantao , Ma Jian , Zhang Yazhou , Qi Pengfei , Chen Guoyue , Jiang Yunfeng , Zheng Youliang , Wei Yuming , Xu Qiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe dynamic balance and distribution of sphingolipid metabolites modulate the level of programmed cell death and plant defence. However, current knowledge is still limited regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between sphingolipid metabolism and plant defence. In this study, we identified a wheat RNA‐binding protein 1 (TaRBP1) and TaRBP1 mRNA accumulation significantly decreased in wheat after infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knockdown of TaRBP1 via virus‐induced gene silencing conferred strong resistance to Pst by enhancing host plant reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death, indicating that TaRBP1 may act as a negative regulator in response to Pst. TaRBP1 formed a homopolymer and interacted with TaRBP1 C‐terminus in plants. Additionally, TaRBP1 physically interacted with TaGLTP, a sphingosine transfer protein. Knockdown of TaGLTP enhanced wheat resistance to the virulent Pst CYR31. Sphingolipid metabolites showed a significant accumulation in TaGLTP‐silenced wheat and TaRBP1‐silenced wheat, respectively. In the presence of the TaRBP1 protein, TaGLTP failed to be degraded in a 26S proteasome‐dependent manner in plants. Our results reveal a novel susceptible mechanism by which a plant fine‐tunes its defence responses by stabilizing TaGLTP accumulation to suppress ROS and sphingolipid accumulation during Pst infection.
Combining multiplex gene editing and doubled haploid technology in maize
Authors: Impens Lennert , Lorenzo Christian D. , Vandeputte Wout , Wytynck Pieter , Debray Kevin , Haeghebaert Jari , Herwegh Denia , Jacobs Thomas B. , Ruttink Tom , Nelissen Hilde , Inzé Dirk , Pauwels Laurens 
Published: June 2023

Summary
A major advantage of using CRISPR/Cas9 for gene editing is multiplexing, that is, the simultaneous targeting of many genes. However, primary transformants typically contain hetero‐allelic mutations or are genetic mosaic, while genetically stable lines that are homozygous are desired for functional analysis. Currently, a dedicated and labor‐intensive effort is required to obtain such higher‐order mutants through several generations of genetic crosses and genotyping.
We describe the design and validation of a rapid and efficient strategy to produce lines of genetically identical plants carrying various combinations of homozygous edits, suitable for replicated analysis of phenotypical differences. This approach was achieved by combining highly multiplex gene editing in Zea mays (maize) with in vivo haploid induction and efficient in vitro generation of doubled haploid plants using embryo rescue doubling.
By combining three CRISPR/Cas9 constructs that target in total 36 genes potentially involved in leaf growth, we generated an array of homozygous lines with various combinations of edits within three generations. Several genotypes show a reproducible 10% increase in leaf size, including a septuple mutant combination.
We anticipate that our strategy will facilitate the study of gene families via multiplex CRISPR mutagenesis and the identification of allele combinations to improve quantitative crop traits.
Cell wall thickness has phylogenetically consistent effects on the photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency of terrestrial plants
Authors: Xue Wei , Liu Dan‐dan , Tosens Tiina , Xiong Dong‐liang , Carriquí Marc , Xiong You‐cai , Ko Jonghan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLeaf photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency (PNUE) diversified significantly among C3 species. To date, the morpho‐physiological mechanisms and interrelationships shaping PNUE on an evolutionary time scale remain unclear. In this study, we assembled a comprehensive matrix of leaf morpho‐anatomical and physiological traits for 679 C3 species, ranging from bryophytes to angiosperms, to comprehend the complexity of interrelationships underpinning PNUE variations. We discovered that leaf mass per area (LMA), mesophyll cell wall thickness (Tcwm), Rubisco N allocation fraction (PR), and mesophyll conductance (gm) together explained 83% of PNUE variations, with PR and gm accounting for 65% of those variations. However, the PR effects were species‐dependent on gm, meaning the contribution of PR on PNUE was substantially significant in high‐gm species compared to low‐gm species. Standard major axis (SMA) and path analyses revealed a weak correlation between PNUE and LMA (r2 = 0.1), while the SMA correlation for PNUE–Tcwm was robust (r2 = 0.61). PR was inversely related to Tcwm, paralleling the relationship between gm and Tcwm, resulting in the internal CO2 drawdown being only weakly proportional to Tcwm. The coordination of PR and gm in relation to Tcwm constrains PNUE during the course of evolution.
Absolute intensity thresholds for tri‐axial wrist and waist accelerometer‐measured movement behaviors in adults
Authors: Mielke Gregore Iven , de Almeida Mendes Márcio , Ekelund Ulf , Rowlands Alex V. , Reichert Felipe Fossati , Crochemore‐Silva Inacio 
Published: June 2023

AimThis study was aimed to: (1) compare raw triaxial acceleration data from GENEActiv (GA) and ActiGraph GT3X+ (AG) placed on the non‐dominant wrist; (2) compare AG placed on the non‐dominant and dominant wrist, and waist; (3) derive brand‐ and placement‐specific absolute intensity thresholds for inactive and sedentary time, and physical activity intensity in adults.MethodsEighty‐six adults (44 men; 34.6 ± 10.8 years) performed nine activities while simultaneously wearing GA and AG on wrist and waist. Acceleration (in gravitational equivalent units; mg) was compared with oxygen uptake (measured with indirect calorimetry).ResultsIncreases in acceleration mirrored increases in intensity of activities, regardless of device brand and placement. Differences in acceleration between GA and AG worn at the non‐dominant wrist were small but tended to be high at lower intensity activities. Thresholds for differentiating inactivity (<1.5 MET) from activity (≥1.5 MET) ranged from 25 mg (AG non‐dominant wrist; sensitivity 93%, specificity 95%) to 40 mg (AG waist; sensitivity 78%, specificity 100%). For moderate intensity (≥3 METs), thresholds ranged from 65 mg (AG waist; sensitivity 96%, specificity 94%) to 92 mg (GA non‐dominant; sensitivity 93%, specificity 98%); vigorous intensity (≥6 METs) thresholds ranged from 190 mg (AG waist; sensitivity 82%, specificity 92%) to 283 mg (GA non‐dominant; sensitivity 93%, specificity 98%).ConclusionRaw triaxial acceleration outputs from two widely used accelerometer brands may have limited comparability in low intensity activities. Thresholds derived in this study can be utilized in adults to reasonably classify movement behaviors into categories of intensity.
The new global tectonic map—Analyses and implications
Authors: van Dijk Janpieter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA full new tectonic model of the Earth is presented based a complete new tectonic interpretation carried out during a 10‐year project. It covers a huge amount of available geophysical and geological datasets, where ca. 11 000 tectonic elements such as faults and thrusts, transform faults, rift zones, passive margins and oceanic extension ridges and numerous other features have been mapped, and classified following the geological literature. The complete surface of the Earth has been subdivided into 1.180 larger and smaller tectonic terranes, in the domains of continental blocks, oceanic plates and mobile zones. Numerical multiscale statistical fabric analyses on orientation, length and area are presented on the digitised tectonic elements and the classified terranes using the first Digital Twin of the Earth. Graphical representation through maps with different projections and viewpoints, and planetary views, are presented to illustrate the new subdivision. Some important implications for plate tectonic reconstructions are being discussed.
Essentiality of Capacity Building in the Cottage Industry of Pakistan: A Synopsis of Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Sakandar Hayat Rana , Meena Ummul 
Published: June 2023

Capacity building is critical to the success and sustainability of cottage industries. It helps to improve the skills and knowledge of workers, increase productivity and efficiency, strengthens business practices, develop an entrepreneurial mind-set, and create a supportive business environment. Therefore, the aim of current study is to explore the relationship between capital access and cottage industry growth, to analyse the relation and importance of education and awareness with cottage industry growth and to explore the relation between technology and growth of cottage industry in Pakistan. The sample size of this quantitative study is 280 including Pakistani small entrepreneurs in Punjab. This study applied Anova test for data analysis by using SPSS. The framework shows that three factor can improve or reduce the growth of cottage industry such as education, technology, and capital access. The results of this study are in accordance with other similar studies which show that the model is feasible and the relationship exists positively and strongly between the variables selected. The government must also focus on opening more educational and training institution to improve the skills of people regarding opening cottage industries. This way, the small businesses industry will be able to absorb the problems and the lack of capital shocks. Cottage industry entrepreneurs should be given access to international markets and provisions should be made to link them with distributers and sellers.
EXPEDITING ESOPHAGEAL MANOMETRY THROUGH CREATION OF A SLEEVE FOR A NASOGASTRIC TUBE
Authors: Mansfield Hunter , Shenoi Jason , Sridhar Sindhura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory condition that causes impaired oxygenation and is almost always treated with mechanical ventilation. Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) is an extrinsic pressure applied in ventilation to maintain alveolar opening. Esophageal manometry is a useful tool in titrating PEEP to ensure adequate ventilation is being provided in cases of increased chest wall pressure. However, few pulmonologists or critical care specialists utilize esophageal manometry routinely because of the required additional procedure, sparse training opportunities, and esoteric calculations required to perform the procedure and evaluate the results. We have designed, prototyped, and tested a device to simplify and reduce the time necessary to perform esophageal balloon catheterization. This device contains a balloon sleeve to be placed over a standard nasogastric tube which is capable of measuring the esophageal pressure while ventilation is being provided. Based on the esophageal pressures, a web based app created in tandem with the device calculates the desired PEEP for the ventilator settings to ensure adequate oxygenation of the patient. Statistical analysis demonstrated adequate similarities in trends compared to existing devices along with significance in pressure variability.
COUGH AUDIO SENTIMENT ANALYTICS FOR SOFTWARE AS A MEDICAL DEVICE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Damani Shivam , Sethi Arshia K. , Baraskar Bhavana , Gopalakrishnan Keerthy , Agarwal Joshika , Albitar Hasan A. , Ahluwalia Vaibhav , Donlinger Sue Ann P. , Iyer Vivek , Arunachalam Shivaram P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chronic cough is not only one of the leading causes of seeking healthcare all over the world but also a huge emotional drain on the affected patient population. In this study, we used 24-hour cough recordings to analyze the intervening conversations for sentiment analyses to better diagnose, guide, and manage treatment in such patients. We surveyed a cough clinic and selected four subjects with active cough complaints using relevant ICD-10 codes. Subjects were given and instructed to wear a device to record cough for 24 hours and the recordings were collected at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 of the treatment. The collected data was preprocessed to eliminate sections with no data (sleep, silence) and the number of coughs was counted. Google search API calls were used to transcribe the audio files and NLTK’s VADER analyzer was used to classify sentiments on a scale of 0 to 1. Finally, average scores were calculated and plotted over a graph to interpret any trends. 12 weeks of cough treatment had varied results on the four subjects. We categorized the exhibited sentiments into negative, neutral, positive, and compound and noted that they also showed no general trends. Among these, the compound sentiment displayed the most erratic patterns, and the obtained results could not generate a steady trend. Further studies are required with a large cohort to collect data over a longer duration to accurately analyze the sentiments associated with chronic cough.
BAILOUT POST-TAVR PCI TECHNIQUES IN REANIMATED SWINE AND HUMAN HEARTS: PROCEDURAL IMAGING AND POST-PROCEDURAL MODELING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Bielecki Michael A. , DeVos Amanda N. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a popular treatment option for severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients who present a high risk for mortality should they receive a surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Coronary artery occlusion (CAO) following the implantation of the device is a potential complication with a high mortality rate, as CAO causes a deterioration of coronary perfusion, followed by cardiogenic shock and electrical instability. Due to this dangerous potential complication, bailout percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) techniques, like the snorkel and chimney techniques, have been developed as an effective strategy for ensuring coronary perfusion is maintained following a TAVR procedure. Both snorkel and chimney techniques have been implemented in a reanimated swine and human heart respectively utilizing Visible Heart® methodologies. The procedures have been recorded utilizing endoscopic cameras, echocardiography, optical coherence tomography, and fluoroscopy. Post-procedural micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was conducted to provide post-implantation imaging with approximately 60-micron resolution. The reconstructions are then segmented and used to create 3D renderings of these complex procedures. These methodologies are repeatable and can be used in a variety of conditions to be used in subsequent educational uses.
ANALYSES OF THE DEVICE-TISSUE INTERFACES OF PREVIOUSLY IMPLANTED STENTS WITHIN PERFUSION-FIXED HUMAN HEARTS UTIILIZING MICRO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: DeVos Amanda N. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Coronary artery disease can be caused by partial or total occlusions of the coronaries, leading to cardiac ischemia. Today, the percutaneous implantation of stents is the most common treatment to open such blockages and thus restore oxygen delivery to the myocardium. Subsequent stent calcification or restenosis may hinder the effectiveness of these stents over time. The Visible Heart® Laboratories have a collection of 30 perfusion-fixed human hearts that had a total of 35 such intervention prior to organ donation. Micro computed tomography (micro CT) can be used to study the device-tissue interfaces of stents implanted up to decades prior to recovery. These procedures were scanned with approximately 40-micron resolution. Computational models were generated such that calcification and restenosis could be visualized and quantified. Within this unique data-set, there was a wide variety of stent length, location, and volume of calcification present. Although 90% of the cases had varying degree of calcification present outside the stent only 11% showed any degree of restenosis. This is a unique research opportunity to micro CT scan 35 cases of therapeutically implanted stents in perfusion-fixed specimens. Extensive visualizations and analyses can be performed on generated computational 3D models, so to provide for better understanding of the variations within the device-tissue interfaces of therapeutically implanted stents.
“EXTENSOR” SOFT ROBOT FOR CLENCHED FIST REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE
Authors: Baysa Matthew , Turoski Noah , Cabrera Manilyn , Han Yen-Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mobility impairments. As more people suffer from stroke, there is a growing need for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation robots have been proven effective in assisting patients in their rehabilitation process. However, many existing rehabilitation robots are costly, so the accessibility to patients in need is limited. Soft robot technology has great potential to make rehabilitation more accessible. This paper presents a proof-of-concept soft robot design that could be used for finger rehabilitation, especially for those who suffer from clenched fists after a stroke. Using silicone elastomer and pneumatic actuation, we successfully fabricated a soft robot that curled in its resting state to fit under the patient’s clenched fist and straightened when actuated by compressed air to push the patient’s fingers open. With a unique approach to bonding the two-layer silicone elastomer structure, our soft robot can change shape to straight from its original curling state with a small air pressure (2 to 3 psi). Preliminary testing results demonstrate our soft robot’s functionality and provide valuable insights for us to optimize our design further to reach our eventual goal as a rehabilitation device that assists finger rehabilitation.
A LIGHTWEIGHT, FOLDABLE MOTORIZED TRANSPORT CHAIR TO EASE CAREGIVER BURDEN
Authors: Gustafson Kimberly , Durfee William , Voss Gregory , Hansen Andrew , Goldish Gary 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As the population ages, the number of caregivers in the Unites States is growing rapidly. The burden on these caregivers is exacerbated by steadily increasing obesity rates, which are highest in adults aged 50 to 70. The Caregiver-Assist Transport Chair (CATC) is designed to address the difficulty many caregivers experience assisting in the transportation of moderate to low mobility care recipients outside of the home for appointments, community engagements, or fresh air excursions. It is not uncommon for the caregiver to be elderly or of a smaller build than the care recipient, increasing the difficulty of pushing a transport chair for extended distances or across uneven or unlevel terrain. The CATC is equipped with intelligent motorized wheels that engage in the forward or reverse directions to maintain a consistently low effort required from the caregiver, independent of the weight of the care recipient. The chair assists on uphill terrain and slows on downhill descents to match the walking speed of the caregiver. In addition, the chair has a drop-down footplate mechanism that eliminates the need for the legs of the care recipient to be lifted onto foot pedals once seated. This footplate also serves as a brake to eliminate safety concerns associated with the chair rolling back as the user transitions between sitting and standing. While the CATC contains motorized elements, unlike a typical motorized wheelchair, it is lightweight, foldable, and easy to maneuver in and out of a vehicle.