bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-optical control of ultrafast plasmon resonances in the pulse-driven extraordinary optical transmission
Authors: Asif Hira , Tasgin Mehmet Emre , Sahin Ramazan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Understanding ultrafast processes in their natural timescale is crucial for controlling and manipulating nanoscale optoelectronic devices under light–matter interaction. Here, we demonstrate that ultrafast plasmon resonances, attributed to the phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), can be significantly modified by tuning the spectral and temporal properties of the ultrashort light pulse. In this scheme, all-optical active tuning governs the spatial and temporal enhancement of plasmon oscillations in the EOT system without device customization. We analyze the spectral and temporal evolution of the system using two approaches. First, we develop a theoretical framework based on the coupled harmonic oscillator model, which analytically describes the dynamics of plasmon modes in the coupled and uncoupled states. Later, we compare the evolution of the system under continuous-wave and pulsed illumination. Further, we discuss the time-resolved spectral and spatial dynamics of plasmon modes using a 3D finite difference time-domain simulation method and wavelet transform. Our results show that optical tuning of the oscillation time, intensity, and spectral properties of propagating and localized plasmon modes yields a three-fold enhancement in the EOT signal. The active tuning of the EOT sensor through ultrashort light pulses paves the way for the development of on-chip photonic devices employing high-resolution imaging and sensing of abundant atomic and molecular systems.
Non-integral model-based scatterometry for CD metrology of single high-aspect-ratio microstructures
Authors: Chein Wei-Hsin , Yang Fu-Sheng , Fu Zi-Ying , Chen Liang-Chia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article presents an innovative model-based scatterometry method for CD metrology of single high-aspect-ratio (HAR) microstructures, which are increasingly utilized in advanced packaging, especially as vertical interconnects in three-dimensional integrated circuits. The rapidly growing aspect ratio of these HAR structures makes it challenging to monitor their critical dimensions (CD). Furthermore, conventional spectral reflectometry or scatterometry measurements on periodic metrology targets on the scribe lines of the wafer are inadequate in providing a reliable correlation with the in-die structures due to the integral nature of these measurements, which can result in additional measurement errors compared to measuring individual in-die structures. To address these challenges, we propose a novel scatterometry system that can achieve high-precision single-structure measurement of fine-pitch HAR structures with significantly improved light efficiency over conventional optical methods. Our system takes advantage of the high spatial coherence of the supercontinuum laser source and an optical NA-controlled design concept for precise light beam shaping, enabling high spatial resolution and superior light efficiency in measurements. Furthermore, we demonstrate a model-based measurement scheme that uses a virtual optical system for complete characterization of the sample profile. The experimental results show that the proposed system can accurately measure RDL structures with fine nominal spacing as small as 1 μm and an aspect ratio of 3:1 with high fidelity.
Magnetic field control of light-induced spin accumulation in monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Rojas-Lopez Rafael R , Hendriks Freddie , van der Wal Caspar H , Guimarães Paulo S S , Guimarães Marcos H D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have equivalent dynamics for their two spin/valley species. This arises from their energy-degenerated spin states, connected via time-reversal symmetry. When an out-of-plane magnetic field is applied, time-reversal symmetry is broken and the energies of the spin-polarized bands shift, resulting in different bandgaps and dynamics in the K

+

and K

−

valleys. Here, we use time-resolved Kerr rotation to study the magnetic field dependence of the spin dynamics in monolayer MoSe2. We show that the magnetic field can control the light-induced spin accumulation of the two valley states, with a small effect on the recombination lifetimes. We unveil that the magnetic field-dependent spin accumulation is in agreement with hole spin dynamics at the longer timescales, indicating that the electron spins have faster relaxation rates. We propose a rate equation model that suggests that lifting the energy-degeneracy of the valleys induces an ultrafast spin-flip toward the stabilization of the valley with the higher valence band energy. Our results provide an experimental insight into the ultrafast charge and spin dynamics in TMDs and a way to control it, which will be useful for the development of new spintronic and valleytronic applications.
Thermokinetics of point defects in α-Fe2O3
Authors: Banerjee Amitava , Holby Edward F , Kohnert Aaron A , Srivastava Shivani , Asta Mark , Uberuaga Blas P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Point defect formation and migration in oxides governs a wide range of phenomena from corrosion kinetics and radiation damage evolution to electronic properties. In this study, we examine the thermodynamics and kinetics of anion and cation point defects using density functional theory in hematite (

α

-Fe2O3), an important iron oxide highly relevant in both corrosion of steels and water-splitting applications. These calculations indicate that the migration barriers for point defects can vary significantly with charge state, particularly for cation interstitials. Additionally, we find multiple possible migration pathways for many of the point defects in this material, related to the low symmetry of the corundum crystal structure. The possible percolation paths are examined, using the barriers to determine the magnitude and anisotropy of long-range diffusion. Our findings suggest highly anisotropic mass transport in hematite, favoring diffusion along the c-axis of the crystal. In addition, we have considered the point defect formation energetics using the largest Fe2O3 supercell reported to date.
Applications of physics informed neural operators
Authors: Rosofsky Shawn G , Al Majed Hani , Huerta E A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present a critical analysis of physics-informed neural operators (PINOs) to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) that are ubiquitous in the study and modeling of physics phenomena using carefully curated datasets. Further, we provide a benchmarking suite which can be used to evaluate PINOs in solving such problems. We first demonstrate that our methods reproduce the accuracy and performance of other neural operators published elsewhere in the literature to learn the 1D wave equation and the 1D Burgers equation. Thereafter, we apply our PINOs to learn new types of equations, including the 2D Burgers equation in the scalar, inviscid and vector types. Finally, we show that our approach is also applicable to learn the physics of the 2D linear and nonlinear shallow water equations, which involve three coupled PDEs. We release our artificial intelligence surrogates and scientific software to produce initial data and boundary conditions to study a broad range of physically motivated scenarios. We provide the source code, an interactive website to visualize the predictions of our PINOs, and a tutorial for their use at the Data and Learning Hub for Science.
The role of miRNA molecules in the miscarriage process
Authors: Omeljaniuk Wioleta Justyna , Laudański Piotr , Miltyk Wojciech 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of miscarriage, which is the most common pregnancy complication, have not been fully elucidated. There is a constant search for new screening biomarkers that would allow for the early diagnosis of disorders associated with pregnancy pathology. The profiling of microRNA expression is a promising research area, which can help establish the predictive factors for pregnancy diseases. Molecules of microRNAs are involved in several processes crucial for the development and functioning of the body. These processes include cell division and differentiation, programmed cell death, blood vessel formation or tumorigenesis, and the response to oxidative stress. The microRNAs affect the number of individual proteins in the body due to their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, ensuring the normal course of many cellular processes. Based on the scientific facts available, this paper presents a compendium on the role of microRNA molecules in the miscarriage process. The expression of potential microRNA molecules as early minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers may be evaluated as early as the first weeks of pregnancy and may constitute a monitoring factor in the individual clinical care of women in early pregnancy, especially after the first miscarriage. To summarize, the described scientific data set a new direction of research in the development of preventive care and prognostic monitoring of the course of pregnancy.
From Acculturation to Transculturation?: Police Culture Change in the Pluralized Crime Investigation Department
Authors: Rice Lindsey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article uses the concept of transculturation (Ortiz 1944) as a lens to examine the effects of civilianization on the (re)production of ‘detective culture’ in two police forces in England. It critiques acculturation as the principal framework for understanding the complexity of cultural (ex)change processes happening within pluralized police settings. By bridging police studies with postcolonial theory, this article provides an innovative account of cultural (re)production under conditions of modernization, specifically, within the context of contemporary crime investigation. The original findings presented reveal the subtle yet active role played by civilian investigators in this process. The article concludes by challenging criminologists to explore the explanatory potential of transculturation in other areas of criminal justice, both in the United Kingdom and internationally.
Local relapse of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities or trunk wall operated on with wide margins without radiation therapy
Authors: Lemma Jasmiini , Jäämaa Sari , Repo Jussi P , Santti Kirsi , Salo Juho , Blomqvist Carl P , Sampo Mika M 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of surgical margins is the most important factor affecting local control in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Despite this, there is no universally accepted consensus on the definition of an adequate surgical margin or on which patients should be offered radiation therapy. This study focuses on local control and its prognostic factors in patients with trunk wall and extremity STS.MethodsAdult patients with a final diagnosis of trunk wall or extremity STS referred to a single tertiary referral centre between August 1987 and December 2016 were identified from a prospective institutional database. Patients were treated according to a protocol instituted in 1987. The classification of surgical margins and indications for radiation therapy were based on anatomy and strict definition of surgical margins as metric distance to the resection border. Local treatment was defined as adequate if patients received either surgery with wide margins alone or marginal surgery combined with radiation therapy. Margins were considered wide if the tumour was excised with pathological margins greater than 2.5 cm or with an uninvolved natural anatomical barrier. After treatment, patients were followed up with local imaging and chest X-ray: 5 years for high-grade STS, 10 years for low-grade STS.ResultsA total of 812 patients were included with a median follow-up of 5.8 (range 0.5-19.5) years. Forty-four patients had a grade 1 tumour: there were no instances of recurrence in this group thus they were excluded from further analysis. Five-year local control in the 768 patients with grade 2-3 STS was 90.1 per cent in patients receiving adequate local treatment according to the protocol. Altogether, 333 patients (43.4 per cent) were treated with wide surgery alone and their 5-year local control rate was 91.1 per cent. Among patients treated with wide surgery alone, deep location was the only factor adversely associated with local relapse risk in multivariable analysis; 5-year local control was 95.3 per cent in superficial and 88.3 per cent in deep-sited sarcomas (hazards ratio 3.154 (95% c.i. 1.265 to 7.860), P = 0.014).ConclusionA high local control rate is achievable with surgery alone for a substantial proportion of patients with STS of the extremities or superficial trunk wall.
Single injection of lidocaine to reduce tourniquet hypertension in ambulatory arthroscopic patients under general anaesthesia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhao Jianhui , Guo Wenli , Mu Hailing , Zhao Ying , Xie Yaping , Yang Chen , Lu Yao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
This prospective study investigated whether a single dose of intravenous lidocaine could alleviate tourniquet hypertension in patients undergoing ambulatory arthroscopy under general anaesthesia.

Methods
Patients aged 18–65 years undergoing knee arthroscopy under general anaesthesia were randomly divided into the lidocaine group (L group) and the normal saline group (N group). Patients received an intravenous injection 10 min before tourniquet inflation of either 1.5mg/kg lignocaine made up to 10ml with 0.9 per cent normal saline, or 10ml of 0.9 per cent normal saline. The primary outcome was the incidence of tourniquet hypertension. Secondary outcomes included haemodynamic changes, degree of elevation of blood pressure, changes in serum inflammatory indicators including interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor-α, the numerical rating scale, 15-item quality of recovery after surgery, the incidence of adverse events and the duration of hospital stay. Randomization was computer-generated with allocation concealment by sealed envelopes. Patients, caregivers and researchers were all blind to the allocation group throughout the study.

Results
Ninety-six patients were included in the study; 48 in each group. Compared with the N group, the incidence of tourniquet hypertension in the L group was significantly lower (37.5 per cent versus 68.8 per cent; P &lt; 0.002). The degree of elevation of systolic blood pressure from baseline to the end of surgery in the L group was significantly lower than the N group (17.1 per cent versus 23.6 per cent; P = 0.020). The concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α in the L group 5 min after tourniquet deflation was lower than in the N group (32.12 pg/ml versus 39.89 pg/ml; P = 0.029). The median numerical rating scale of the L group was significantly lower at 6 h (0 versus 3.0; P = 0.003) and 24 h (0 versus 2.0; P &lt; 0.001) after surgery. In the L group, the total 15-item quality of recovery was significantly increased (131 versus 128; P = 0.017).

Conclusion
Single injection of intravenous lidocaine alleviated tourniquet hypertension in ambulatory arthroscopic patients under general anaesthesia. Intravenous lidocaine can inhibit tourniquet hypertension formation by reducing tumour necrosis factor-α release, and has beneficial effects on postoperative pain and recovery.

Registration number
ChiCTR2200055551 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx? pid=148235&htm=4).
Whole-genome sequencing in clinically diagnosed Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease undiagnosed by whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Kim Young-gon , Kwon Hyemi , Park Jong-ho , Nam Soo Hyun , Ha Changhee , Shin Sunghwan , Heo Won Young , Kim Hye Jin , Chung Ki Wha , Jang Ja-Hyun , Kim Jong-Won , Choi Byung-Ok 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing is the most comprehensive form of next-generation sequencing method. We aimed to assess the additional diagnostic yield of whole-genome sequencing in patients with clinically diagnosed Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease when compared with whole-exome sequencing, which has not been reported in the literature. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 72 families whose genetic cause of clinically diagnosed Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease was not revealed after the whole-exome sequencing and 17p12 duplication screening. Among the included families, 14 (19.4%) acquired genetic diagnoses that were compatible with their phenotypes. The most common factor that led to the additional diagnosis in the whole-genome sequencing was genotype-driven analysis (four families, 4/14), in which a wider range of genes, not limited to peripheral neuropathy-related genes, were analysed. Another four families acquired diagnosis due to the inherent advantage of whole-genome sequencing such as better coverage than the whole-exome sequencing (two families, 2/14), structural variants (one family, 1/14) and non-coding variants (one family, 1/14). In conclusion, an evident gain in diagnostic yield was obtained from whole-genome sequencing of the whole-exome sequencing-negative cases. A wide range of genes, not limited to inherited peripheral neuropathy-related genes, should be targeted during whole-genome sequencing.
Structural integrity of the insula and emotional facial recognition performance following stroke
Authors: Klepzig Kai , Domin Martin , Wendt Julia , von Sarnowski Bettina , Lischke Alexander , Hamm Alfons O , Lotze Martin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The role of the human insula in facial emotion recognition is controversially discussed, especially in relation to lesion-location-dependent impairment following stroke. In addition, structural connectivity quantification of important white-matter tracts that link the insula to impairments in facial emotion recognition has not been investigated. In a case–control study, we investigated a group of 29 stroke patients in the chronic stage and 14 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Lesion location of stroke patients was analysed with voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. In addition, structural white-matter integrity for tracts between insula regions and their primarily known interconnected brain structures was quantified by tractography-based fractional anisotropy. Our behavioural analyses showed that stroke patients were impaired in the recognition of fearful, angry and happy but not disgusted expressions. Voxel-based lesion mapping revealed that especially lesions centred around the left anterior insula were associated with impaired recognition of emotional facial expressions. The structural integrity of insular white-matter connectivity was decreased for the left hemisphere and impaired recognition accuracy for angry and fearful expressions was associated with specific left-sided insular tracts. Taken together, these findings suggest that a multimodal investigation of structural alterations has the potential to deepen our understanding of emotion recognition impairments after stroke.
Thymoquinone inhibits lung cancer stem cell properties via triggering YAP degradation
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Liu Xizhi , Dang Wenhui , Liu Lu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Due to the characteristics of high recurrence and metastasis, it is still difficult to cure lung cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of tumor cells with self-renewal ability and differentiation potential, which are responsible for lung cancer recurrence. Therefore, targeting CSCs may provide a new strategy for lung cancer treatment. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main active ingredient isolated from black seed oil, has shown significant anti-cancer effects in various cancers. However, the effect of TQ on lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) has never been clarified. In the present study, we successfully separated and enriched lung cancer tumorsphere cells. Our data showed that TQ significantly inhibited the stem-like properties of LCSCs. In addition, we found TQ promoted Yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and the inhibitory effects of TQ on LCSCs could be enhanced by silencing YAP. Taken together, these results suggest that TQ, functions by targeting YAP, may be a potential therapeutic agent against lung cancer.
Temporal dynamics of electroencephalographic microstates during sustained pain
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Lyu Xiaohan , Zheng Qianqian , He Huiguang , Jin Richu , Peng Weiwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBrain dynamics can be modeled by a sequence of transient, nonoverlapping patterns of quasi-stable electrical potentials named “microstates.” While electroencephalographic (EEG) microstates among patients with chronic pain remained inconsistent in the literature, this study characterizes the temporal dynamics of EEG microstates among healthy individuals during experimental sustained pain. We applied capsaicin (pain condition) or control (no-pain condition) cream to 58 healthy participants in different sessions and recorded resting-state EEG 15 min after application. We identified 4 canonical microstates (A–D) that are related to auditory, visual, salience, and attentional networks. Microstate C had less occurrence, as were bidirectional transitions between microstate C and microstates A and B during sustained pain. In contrast, sustained pain was associated with more frequent and longer duration of microsite D, as well as more bidirectional transitions between microstate D and microstates A and B. Microstate D duration positively correlated with intensity of ongoing pain. Sustained pain improved global integration within microstate C functional network, but weakened global integration and efficiency within microstate D functional network. These results suggest that sustained pain leads to an imbalance between processes that load on saliency (microstate C) and processes related to switching and reorientation of attention (microstate D).
Myocardial perfusion imaging by 15O-H2O positron emission tomography predicts clinical revascularization procedures in symptomatic patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft
Authors: Vester Mazen , Madsen Simon , Kjærulff Mette Louise Gram , Tolbod Lars Poulsen , Nielsen Bent Roni Ranghøj , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Christiansen Evald Høj , Nielsen Per Hostrup , Sörensen Jens , Gormsen Lars Christian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
We wanted to assess if 15O-H2O myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in a clinical setting can predict referral to coronary artery catheterization [coronary angiography (CAG)], execution of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and post-PCI angina relief for patients with angina and previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Methods and results
We analysed 172 symptomatic CABG patients referred for 15O-H2O positron emission tomography (PET) MPI at Aarhus University Hospital Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, of which five did not complete the scan. In total, 145 (87%) enrolled patients had an abnormal MPI. Of these, 86/145 (59%) underwent CAG within 3 months; however, no PET parameters predicted referral to CAG. During the CAG, 25/86 (29%) patients were revascularized by PCI. Relative flow reserve (RFR) (0.49 vs. 0.54 P = 0.03), vessel-specific myocardial blood flow (MBF) (1.53 vs. 1.88 mL/g/min, P &lt; 0.01), and vessel-specific myocardial flow reserve (MFR) (1.73 vs. 2.13, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly lower in patients revascularized by PCI. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the vessel-specific parameters yielded optimal cutoffs of 1.36 mL/g/min (MBF) and 1.28 (MFR) to predict PCI. Angina relief was experienced by 18/24 (75%) of the patients who underwent PCI. Myocardial blood flow was an excellent predictor of angina relief on both a global [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.85, P &lt; 0.01] and vessel-specific (AUC = 0.90, P &lt; 0.01) level with optimal cutoff levels of 1.99 mL/g/min and 1.85 mL/g/min, respectively.

Conclusion
For CABG patients, RFR, vessel-specific MBF, and vessel-specific MFR measured by 15O-H2O PET MPI predict whether subsequent CAG will result in PCI. Additionally, global and vessel-specific MBF values predict post-PCI angina relief.