bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Secondary Metabolites and In vitro and In silico Anticholinesterases
Activities of the Sea Urchin Echinometra mathaei Crude Venoms
from the Persian Gulf-Bushehr
Authors: Dehghani Hamideh , Rashedinia Marzieh , Mohebbi Gholamhossein , Vazirizadeh Amir 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Echinoderms are a unique source of amazing secondary metabolites with a wide
spectrum of biological activities. Several species of sea urchins contain various toxins and biologically
active metabolites. One of the most attractive approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease is searching for
effective marine natural products with cholinesterase inhibitory activities.

Objective:
The current study is designed to investigate the in vitro and in silico acetylcholinesterase and
butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the Persian Gulf echinoderm sea urchin Echinometra
mathaei venom and related chemical compounds.

Methods:
The experiments for LD50, total protein, protein bands, in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activities,
the identity of secondary metabolites, and the in silico evaluations, respectively, were performed by
Spearman-Karber, Lowry, SDS-PAGE, Ellman's spectroscopic, GC-MS, and docking methods.

Results:
The LD50 (IV rat) of the spine, gonad, and coelomic fluid from sea urchin samples were 2.231 ±
0.09, 1.03 ± 0.05, and 1.12 ± 0.13 mg/ml, respectively. The SDS-PAGE and total protein studies showed
that at least a portion of the venom is protein in nature. GC-MS analysis of the identified samples revealed
12, 23, and 21 compounds with different chemical types, including alkaloids, terpenes, and steroids,
respectively. According to the results, all samples act as significant inhibitors of both enzymes. In
silico data for the identified compounds also confirmed the experimental results.

Conclusion:
The alkaloid compound 6H-Indolo[3,2,1-de] [1,5] naphthyridine-6-one,1,2,3a,4,5-
hexahydro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl (C7) had the highest affinity for both enzymes. Further research is needed
to determine whether C7 could be a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
Energy Saving Optimal Operation Strategy of Freight Trains under
Complex Scenarios
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Xie Cheng , Wang Yahui , Liu Jiangyong , Yi Chuyang , Jiang Wenbo 
Published: June 2023

Background:
For the optimization of energy-saving driving of freight trains in complex operating
environments, the use of reasonable train maneuvering methods can largely reduce the energy
consumption of train traction. Recent patents on energy-efficient maneuvering strategies for complex
scenarios of freight trains have been researched.

Objective:
Using the receding horizon algorithm and the improved NSGA-II algorithm to solve the target
speed curve of freight trains to cope with the complex and changing operating environment, and to
explore the recent patents of energy-saving maneuvering strategies for freight trains and methods.

Methods:
The recent patents of energy-efficient maneuvering strategies for freight trains in complex
scenarios are investigated in this research. A multi-objective optimization model for freight train maneuvering
with electrical phasing was developed with the objectives of reducing the traction energy
consumption and running time of the train. A method for determining the optimal operating conditions
of freight trains under complex line conditions is proposed. The offline optimization of the target speed
curve under the electrical phasing constraints of freight trains and the online adjustment under the temporary
speed restriction (TSR) are achieved by using the RH-INSGA-II (receding horizon-improved
NSGA- II) algorithm.

Results:
Combined with an actual freight railroad line data as an example, simulation experiments were
conducted and verified with HXD1 electric locomotive hauling 50 C80 wagons.

Conclusion:
The speed curve considering the split-phase constraint can effectively reduce the traction
energy consumption. The electrical split-phase constraint affects the whole speed optimization process,
not only the speed curve at the split-phase zone. Although the traction energy consumption is increased
with the addition of the TSR on the line, the RH-INSGA-II algorithm dynamically changes the sequence
of optimal train maneuvering conditions according to the planned train running time in order to avoid
further amplification of the late train time.
RAGAM BAHASA MAHASISWA SEMESTER 5 (LIMA) SISTEM INFORMASI STMIK PRABUMULIH
Authors: Safitri Annisa , Eka Permatasari Syelly , Dwi Yosha Ferjiela 
Published: June 2023

Bahasa adalah sistem lambang yang dipahami oleh semua penutur bahasa tersebut. Bahasa daerah adalah bahasa yang dituturkan di suatu wilayah dalam sebuah negara berdaulat, yaitu di suatu daerah kecil, negara bagian federal, provinsi, atau teritorial lebih luas. Yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini ialah adanya ragam bahasa dalam keseharian mahasiswa semester 5 (lima) Sistem Informasi STMIK Prabumulih. STMIK Prabumulih berada disalah satu kota yang ada di Sumatera bagian selatan yaitu kota Prabumulih. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui ragam bahasa yang digunakan oleh mahasisa Sistem Informasi STMIK Prabumulih yang menggunakan tiga bahasa yaitu bahasa Palembang, bahasa Rambang, dan bahasa Belida. Dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi adanya ragam bahasa mahasiswa semester 5 (lima) Sistem Informasi STMIK Prabumulih menggunakan kajian Sosiolinguistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu ragam bahasa yang digunakan mahasiswa semester 5 (lima) sistem informasi STMIK Prabumulih yang terdiri dari tiga kelas. Teknik pengambilan data yang dipakai yaitu wawancara dan observasi langsung. Ada beberapa instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya kamera, alat perekam, dan pedoman wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mahasiswa semester 5 (lima) Sistem Informasi STMIK Prabumulih menggunakan salah satu ragam bahasa yaitu ragam bahasa berdasarkan daerah disebut ragam daerah (logat/dialeg).
Language is a symbol system that is understood by all speakers of that language. Regional language is the language spoken in a region within a sovereign state, namely in a small area, federal state, province, or wider territory. The background of this research is the variety of languages ​​in the daily lives of 5th semester students of the STMIK Prabumulih Information System. STMIK Prabumulih is located in one of the cities in southern Sumatra, namely the city of Prabumulih. This study aims to determine the variety of languages ​​used by Information System students of STMIK Prabumulih who use three languages, namely Palembang, Rambang, and Belida. And what factors affect the language variety of the 5th semester students of the STMIK Prabumulih Information System using sociolinguistic studies. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive techniques. Sources of data in this study are the variety of languages ​​used by the 5th semester students of the STMIK Prabumulih information system which consists of three classes. The data collection techniques used were interviews and direct observation. There are several instruments used in this study including cameras, recording devices, and interview guides. Based on the results of research by students in semester 5 (five), the STMIK Prabumulih Information System uses a variety of languages, namely a variety of languages ​​based on regions called regional variations (dialeg).
The Relation Between Self-Confidence and Mathematical Problem Solving Ability on Islamic Junior High School Students
Authors: Sholihah Rifa Mar'ah , Putra Harry Dwi , Hendriana Heris 
Published: June 2023

Mathematics is very important in life. The self-confidence that students have will certainly affect the process of learning mathematics. Learning objectives measure students' self-confidence towards mathematical problem-solving abilities.The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between self-confidence and the ability to solve mathematical problems and analyze students' difficulties in solving problems on the System of Two Variable Linear Equations (SPLDV) material at Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Research using quantitative methods with correlation tests. The research sample was 20 Madrasah Tsanawiyah students. The research instrument consisted of a test to measure mathematical problem solving abilities in the form of 3 essay questions, while the non-test instrument was the self-confidence consisting of 20 statement items. . The learning method used conventionally students are divided into several groups randomly. School books are given as a guide for students in learning.The results showed that there was a very strong relationship (r = 0.83) between self-confidence and the ability to solve mathematical problems. ConclusionÂ the results of the analysis of students' difficulties were found based on the polya step, especially at the stage of proving that students were not yet able to check the correctness of the solution in the process of working on solving mathematics. It is hoped that future research will use problem solving methods to see how self-confidence increases in the ability to solve mathematical problems.
Comments by the Ad Hoc Task Force of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on the Proposed Auditing Standard, the Auditor’s Use of Confirmation, and Other Proposed Amendments to PCAOB Standards
Authors: Boland Colleen M. , Caster Paul , Elder Randal J. , Janvrin Diane 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
On December 20, 2022, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) issued a request for comment on its proposed auditing standard, The Auditor’s Use of Confirmation, and Other Proposed Amendments to PCAOB Standards. The proposed auditing standard describes principles-based requirements that apply to paper-based and electronic confirmations, improves integration with risk assessment standards, requires confirmation for cash held by third parties, and carries over existing requirements regarding confirming accounts receivable. Further, it considers additional audit procedures when using negative confirmation requests and clarifies certain activities where the auditor should not use an internal auditor to provide direct assistance. The proposed standard is important, as the audit confirmation process touches nearly every audit. The comment period ended on February 20, 2023. This commentary summarizes the participating members’ views on the questions posed by the PCAOB.
Data Availability: Proposed Auditing Standard—The Auditor’s Use of Confirmation, and Other Proposed Amendments to PCAOB Standards, including questions for respondents, is available at PCAOB Proposes New Standard for the Auditor’s Use of Confirmation | PCAOB (https://pcaobus.org/).
1816-PUB: Training and Support for Hospital Staff in the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring as Standard of Care in a Real-World Hospital Setting
Authors: LOHNES SUZANNE , BASTIAN ALESSANDRA , FORTMANN ADDIE L. , TALAVERA LAURA , BELASCO REBEKAH , SANDOVAL HALEY , CHICHMARENKO MARIYA , SPIERLING BAGSIC SAMANTHA R. , SORIANO EMILY , ACUNA REBECCA , SAENZ SHIRLEY M. , JUAREZ TERESA , PHILIS-TSIMIKAS ATHENA 
Published: June 2023

Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the hospital is limited and staff familiarity with CGM technology is low. During the COVID-19 pandemic and following the non-objection of the FDA to use of CGM in the hospital, the CGM as “standard of care” (CGM as SOC) program was implemented at Scripps Mercy Hospital in San Diego, CA using the Dexcom G6 CGM system. The implementation process of CGM as SOC included generating daily eligible patient lists, deploying specialized teams for CGM placement and connecting to nursing station iPads and centralized monitoring dashboards, and training of hospital nursing staff for CGM readings. A remote Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) served as an on-site trainer and expert consultant for troubleshooting. A Learning Management System (LMS) module was created for staff training and surveys assessed the training process. From May 2020-December 2022, CGM devices were placed on over 1200 adult hospitalized patients with diabetes requiring insulin. The APN conducted 30 live trainings for all units and shifts over 6 months. N=838 RNs completed the LMS module and met the required post-test passing rate of ≥ 80%. A total of N=38 self-report surveys were completed by nursing staff. Survey responses confirmed that most RNs felt confident in using the CGM nursing guide (97%) and had access to experts for troubleshooting (89%). Most common questions were related to technology troubleshooting (71%) compared to clinical issues (29%). Daily bedtime validation was transitioned from the APN to the bedside nursing staff using a validation calculator within EPIC. Despite limited baseline knowledge of CGM by hospital staff, deployment of specialized teams, APN on-site training and delivery of LMS modules supported the rapid implementation of CGM as SOC in a large community-based hospital. Standard training tools and processes can allow replication in health systems for use as part of the current provisional FDA allowance.

Disclosure
S.Lohnes: Consultant; Dexcom, Inc. R.Acuna: None. S.M.Saenz: None. T.Juarez: None. A.Philis-tsimikas: Advisory Panel; Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Other Relationship; Medtronic, Research Support; Novo Nordisk A/S, Lilly, Viking Therapeutics, NIH - National Institutes of Health. A.Bastian: None. A.L.Fortmann: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. L.Talavera: None. R.Belasco: None. H.Sandoval: None. M.Chichmarenko: None. S.R.Spierling bagsic: None. E.Soriano: None.
1835-PUB: Risk Factors for Women Identified with Gestational Diabetes—A Matched Case Control Study
Authors: DALY BARBARA , WU ZHENQIANG , SCRAGG ROBERT 
Published: June 2023

Aim: To quantify risk factors for women who develop GDM in New Zealand.
Methods: Utilizing a national dataset for all births (n=604,398) from 2001 to 2010, 11447 women were identified with GDM and compared with 57235 control women randomly matched for age and delivery year.
Results: Compared with European women, Asian (3.60, 3.37-3.82), Pacific (2.76 2.54-2.96) and Māori (1.20 1.11-1.29) women had a higher risk of GDM. Women more deprived (1.44 1.34-1.58); residing in urban areas (0.83 0.77-0.88); unregistered (1.16, 1.04-1.30) and primipara (0.83 0.78-0.87) were more likely to develop GDM. As were women who developed pre-eclampsia (2.29 2.13-2.46) or prescribed cardiovascular medications predelivery (2.18, 1.95-2.45) compared with control women.

Disclosure
B.Daly: None. Z.Wu: None. R.Scragg: None.

Funding
University of Auckland (71604/9450)
1837-PUB: Impact of Annual Health Evaluations in a Workplace Setting—Skipping an Evaluation Is Associated with Increased Risk Factors for Chronic Disease
Authors: VAN KY T. , SIPE LORI L. , CHEN ZHEN , FRAGALA MAREN S. , BIRSE CHARLES E. 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To evaluate the impact of skipping an annual health evaluation on biometric and blood-based metrics related to chronic disease.
Methods: This longitudinal study included a cohort of adults who participated in an employer-sponsored wellness program in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021 but missed 2020, with metrics for body weight, BMI, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipids (Table) for each year. The mean differences between 2017 and 2019 (“no evaluations missed”) were compared to the mean differences between 2019 and 2021 (“evaluation missed”) using paired t tests. To account for changes in test procedures and period effects such as Covid, individual results were normalized by subtracting a population mean of an independent cohort that was evaluated for all 5 years (2017-2021), across all metrics and years.
Results: Of the 7,620 participants, 48.9% were female and the mean (standard deviation) age was 44.8 (10.9) years. Missing an annual evaluation was associated with increased BMI (0.09 kg/m2; P=0.04), HbA1c (0.03%, P=0.0006), and triglycerides (3.68 mg/dL, P=0.003), and decreased HDL-C (-1.39 mg/dL, P&lt;0.0001), compared to not missing an evaluation.
Conclusions: Missing an annual workplace health evaluation was associated with higher levels of risk factors related to chronic disease.

Disclosure
K.T.Van: Employee; Quest Diagnostics. L.L.Sipe: None. Z.Chen: Employee; Quest Diagnostics, Stock/Shareholder; Quest Diagnostics. M.S.Fragala: Employee; Quest Diagnostics, Stock/Shareholder; Quest Diagnostics. C.E.Birse: Employee; Quest Diagnostics.
1847-PUB: Neutrophil Count Predicts Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Risk Factors in a Population without Diabetes
Authors: LABADAH JOSHUA , APAFLO JEHU , NARVAEZ GABRIEL , ROCHA VICTORIA M. , MOSSAYEBI ALI , BAJPEYI SUDIP 
Published: June 2023

Subclinical inflammation is implicated in cardio-metabolic conditions such as impaired glucose metabolism, diabetes, and hypertension. Neutrophils are first line of immune defense call and play a role in systemic inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that neutrophil quantity will be positively associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors among individuals without diabetes.
Purpose: This study sought to determine the relevance of neutrophil count as a biomarker for cardio-metabolic health.
Methods: Forty participants without diabetes (11 males, 29 females; age 28.4±10.7 years; BMI 28.2±6.0 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose 97.28±11.09 mg/dL) participated in the study. Following overnight fasting, participants’ blood pressure and resting heart rate were measured, and venous blood draw was performed. All participants completed a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test with 75g glucose drink. Hematological and serum chemistry analyses were performed. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed from standard equations. Spearman’s correlation was performed to determine relationship between neutrophil count and markers of cardio-metabolic health.
Results: Neutrophil count is positively correlated with resting heart (r=0.5, p=0.004), triglycerides (r=0.5, p=0.002), triglycerides-HDL ratio (r=0.5, p=0.002), VLDL (r=0.5, p=0.001), Globulin (r=0.3, p=0.03), BUN/creatinine ratio (r=0.5, p=0.0004), fasting insulin (r=0.7, p=0.004), fasting blood glucose (r=0.5, p=0.0008), 2-hour OGTT glucose (r=0.5, p=0.003), glucose area under the curve (r=0.5, p=0.0001), percent body fat (r=0.6, p=0.0003), HOMA-IR (r=0.6, p=0.008) and negatively correlated with albumin/globulin ratio (r=-0.4, p=0.01), HDL (r=-0.3, p=0.04).
Conclusion: Neutrophil count is a biomarker for cardio-metabolic health risk factors in a population without diabetes.

Disclosure
J.Labadah: None. J.Apaflo: None. G.Narvaez: None. V.M.Rocha: None. A.Mossayebi: None. S.Bajpeyi: None.

Funding
The University of Texas at El Paso
<strong>Fasting ketone bodies and incident type 2 diabetes in the general population</strong>
Authors: Szili-Torok Tamas , H. de Borst Martin , Garcia Erwin , T. Gansevoort Ron , P.F. Dullaart Robin , A. Connelly Margery , J. L. Bakker Stephan , J. F. Tietge Uwe 
Published: June 2023

<p> </p>
<p>With rising incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes, prevention including identification of prospective biomarkers becomes increasingly relevant. Although ketone bodies recently received a renewed interest as potential biomarkers, data linking these metabolites to diabetes risk are scarce. Therefore, the present prospective study investigated a potential association between fasting ketone bodies and incident type 2 diabetes in the general population. This study from the PREVEND cohort included 3307 participants from the general population initially free of diabetes or impaired fasting glucose. Baseline fasting ketone body concentrations were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 126 participants (3.8%) developed type 2 diabetes during a median [IQR] follow-up of 7.3 [6.3-7.7] years. In Kaplan-Meier analysis sex-stratified ketone body levels strongly positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes, which was confirmed in Cox regression analyses adjusted for several potential confounders. There was no significant interaction by sex. Both, 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate+acetone individually associated with incident type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, fasting plasma ketone body levels are strongly positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes in the general population independent of several other recognized risk factors. These results may have important implications for diabetes prevention including dietary strategies.</p>
Concepts of "housing", "social housing" and "affordable housing" according to the civil legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Rudakov D.I. 
Published: June 2023

According to the Art. 47 of the Constitution of Ukraine, everyone is guaranteed the right to housing, which can be realized by building, owning or renting it. In addition, at the constitutional level, Ukraine undertook to assist citizens in need of social protection in purchasing housing. In particular, such citizens may be provided housing by the state or the local self-government bodies free of charge or for a fee that is affordable for this category of persons in accordance with the law. This approach to the regulation of social relations regarding the provision of housing for the citizens of Ukraine indicates the importance and expediency of considering issues related to the legal regime of housing, in particular, the concept of housing, social housing and affordable housing.
The housing of an individual is a residential building, apartment, other residential premises, intended and suitable for permanent or temporary residence in them. Social housing is housing of all forms of ownership (except social dormitories) from the housing fund of social purpose, which is provided free of charge to citizens of Ukraine who need social protection, on the basis of a contract of employment for a certain period. In turn, in accordance with the Part 1 of the Art. 4 of the Law of Ukraine "On preventing the influence of the global financial crisis on the development of the construction industry and housing construction", affordable housing is defined as built and those that are built with state support, residential buildings (complexes) and apartments.
Taking into account the constitutional prescription, based on the content of which features the provision of housing by the state or the local self-government bodies free of charge or at an affordable price for citizens in need of social protection, the payment must be made in accordance with the law, the characteristics of "affordable housing" and "social housing", as well as mechanisms the acquisition of rights to them must be effectively regulated and detailed precisely at the level of special legislative acts.