bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of standalone audio-visual feedback devices on the quality of chest compressions during laypersons’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kahsay Desale Tewelde , Peltonen Laura-Maria , Rosio Riitta , Tommila Miretta , Salanterä Sanna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Individual studies that investigated the effect of standalone audio-visual feedback (AVF) devices during laypersons’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training have yielded conflicting results. This review aimed to evaluate the effect of standalone AVF devices on the quality of chest compressions during laypersons’ CPR training.

Method and result
Randomized controlled trials of simulation studies recruiting participants without actual patient CPR experience were included. The intervention evaluated was the quality of chest compressions with standalone AVF devices vs. without AVF devices. Databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and PsycINFO, were searched from January 2010 to January 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis alongside a narrative synthesis was used for examining the effect of standalone AVF devices.
Sixteen studies were selected for this systematic review. A meta-analysis revealed an increased compression depth of 2.22 mm [95% CI (Confidence Interval), 0.88–3.55, P = 0.001] when participants performed CPR using the feedback devices. Besides, AVF devices enabled laypersons to deliver compression rates closer to the recommended range of 100–120 per min. No improvement was noted in chest recoil and hand positioning when participants used standalone AVF devices.

Conclusion
The quality of the included studies was variable, and different standalone AVF devices were used. Standalone AVF devices were instrumental in guiding laypersons to deliver deeper compressions without compromising the quality of compression rates. However, the devices did not improve the quality of chest recoil and placement of the hands.

Registration
PROSPERO: CRD42020205754
Prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders and its association with left atrial remodelling before and after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nakanishi Koki , Daimon Masao , Fujiu Katsuhito , Iwama Kentaro , Yoshida Yuriko , Hirose Kazutoshi , Mukai Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Yuko , Nakao Tomoko , Oshima Tsukasa , Matsubara Takumi , Shimizu Yu , Oguri Gaku , Kojima Toshiya , Hasumi Eriko , Morita Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the exact prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders, and their impact on left atrial (LA) remodelling and reversibility in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results
We examined 204 consecutive patients with AF who underwent their first catheter ablation (CA). Oral glucose tolerance test was used to evaluate glucose metabolism disorders in 157 patients without known diabetes mellitus (DM). Echocardiography was performed before and 6 months after CA. Oral glucose tolerance test identified abnormal glucose metabolism in 86 patients [11 with newly diagnosed DM, 74 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 1 with impaired fasting glucose (IFG)]. Ultimately, 65.2% of patients had abnormal glucose metabolism. Diabetes mellitus group had the worst LA reservoir strain and LA stiffness (both P &lt; 0.05), while there was no significant difference in baseline LA parameters between normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group and IGT/IFG group. The prevalence of LA reverse remodelling (≥15% decrease in the LA volume index at 6 months after CA) was significantly higher in NGT group compared with IGT/IFG and DM group (64.1 vs. 38.6 vs. 41.5%, P = 0.006). Both DM and IFG/IGT carry a significant risk of lack of LA reverse remodelling independent of baseline LA size and AF recurrence.

Conclusion
Approximately 65% of patients with AF who underwent their first CA had abnormal glucose metabolism. Patients with DM had significantly impaired LA function compared with non-DM patients. Impaired glucose tolerance/IFG as well as DM carries significant risk of unfavourable LA reverse remodelling. Our observations may provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of glucose metabolism-related AF.
Multiple Lineages of Nematode-Wolbachia Symbiosis in Supergroup F and Convergent Loss of Bacterioferritin in Filarial Wolbachia
Authors: Sinha Amit , Li Zhiru , Poole Catherine B , Ettwiller Laurence , Lima Nathália F , Ferreira Marcelo U , Fombad Fanny F , Wanji Samuel , Carlow Clotilde K S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The intracellular endosymbiotic proteobacteria Wolbachia have evolved across the phyla nematoda and arthropoda. In Wolbachia phylogeny, supergroup F is the only clade known so far with members from both arthropod and filarial nematode hosts and therefore can provide unique insights into their evolution and biology. In this study, four new supergroup F Wolbachia genomes have been assembled using a metagenomic assembly and binning approach, wMoz and wMpe from the human filarial parasites Mansonella ozzardi and M. perstans, and wOcae and wMoviF from the blue mason bee Osmia caerulescens and the sheep ked Melophagus ovinus, respectively. A comprehensive phylogenomic analysis revealed two distinct lineages of filarial Wolbachia in supergroup F, indicating multiple horizontal transfer events between arthropod and nematode hosts. The analysis also reveals that the evolution of Wolbachia-filaria symbioses is accompanied by a convergent pseudogenization and loss of the bacterioferritin gene, a phenomenon found to be shared by all filarial Wolbachia, even those outside supergroup F. These observations indicate that differences in heme metabolism might be a key feature distinguishing filarial and arthropod Wolbachia. The new genomes provide a valuable resource for further studies on symbiosis, evolution, and the discovery of new antibiotics to treat mansonellosis.
Seismicity of Ireland, and why it is so low: How the thickness of the lithosphere controls intraplate seismicity
Authors: Lebedev Sergei , Grannell James , Arroucau Pierre , Bonadio Raffaele , Agostinetti Nicola Piana , Bean Christopher J 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
Ireland and neighbouring Britain share much of their tectonic history and are both far from active plate boundaries at present. Their seismicity shows surprising lateral variations, with very few earthquakes in Ireland but many low-to-moderate ones in the adjacent western Britain. Understanding the cause of these variations is important for our understanding of the basic mechanisms of the intraplate seismicity distributions and for regional hazard assessment. The distribution of microseismicity within Ireland and its underlying causes have been uncertain due to the sparsity of the data sampling of the island, until recently. Here, we use the data from numerous recently deployed seismic stations in Ireland and map its seismicity in greater detail than previously. The majority of detectable seismic events are quarry and mine blasts. These can be discriminated from tectonic events using a combination of the waveform data, event origin times, and the epicentres’ proximity to quarries and mines, catalogued or identified from the satellite imagery. Our new map of natural seismicity shows many more events than known previously but confirms that the earthquakes are concentrated primarily in the northernmost part of the island, with fewer events along its southern coast and very few deeper inland. Comparing the seismicity with the recently published surface wave tomography of Ireland and Britain, we observe a strong correspondence between seismicity and the phase velocities at periods sampling the lithospheric thickness. Ireland has relatively thick, cold and, by inference, mechanically strong lithosphere and has very few earthquakes. Most Irish earthquakes are in the north of the island, the one place where its lithosphere is thinner, warmer and, thus, weaker. Western Britain also has relatively thin lithosphere and numerous earthquakes. By contrast, southeastern England and, probably, eastern Scotland have thicker lithosphere and, also, few earthquakes. The distribution of earthquakes in Ireland and Britain is, thus, controlled primarily by the thickness and mechanical strength of the lithosphere. The thicker, colder, stronger lithosphere undergoes less deformation and features fewer earthquakes than thinner, weaker lithosphere that deforms more easily. Ireland and Britain are tectonically stable and the variations in the lithospheric thickness variations across them are estimated to be in a 75–110 km range. Our results thus indicate that moderate variations in the lithospheric thickness within stable continental interiors can exert substantial control on the distributions of seismicity and seismic hazard—in Ireland, Britain and elsewhere around the world.
Show Me Your Teeth And I Will Tell You What You Eat: Differences in Tooth Enamel in Snakes with Different Diets
Authors: Dumont Maïtena , Milgram Joshua , Herrel Anthony , Shahar Ron , Shacham Boaz , Houssin Céline , Delapré Arnaud , Cornette Raphaël , Segall Marion 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
Teeth are composed of the hardest tissues in the vertebrate body and have been studied extensively to infer diet in vertebrates. The morphology and structure of enamel is thought to reflect feeding ecology. Snakes have a diversified diet, some species feed on armored lizards, others on soft invertebrates. Yet, little is known about how tooth enamel, and specifically its thickness, is impacted by diet. In this study, we first describe the different patterns of enamel distribution and thickness in snakes. Then, we investigate the link between prey hardness and enamel thickness and morphology by comparing the dentary teeth of 63 species of snakes. We observed that the enamel is deposited asymmetrically at the antero-labial side of the tooth. Both enamel coverage and thickness vary a lot in snakes, from species with thin enamel, only at the tip of the tooth to a full facet covered with enamel. There variations are related with prey hardness: snakes feeding on hard prey have a thicker enamel and a lager enamel coverage while species. Snakes feeding on softer prey have a thin enamel layer confined to the tip of the tooth.
The LACE index and risk factors of 14-day versus 30-day readmissions in children
Authors: Lin Chaohsin , Hsu Shuofen , Yan Yu-Hua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Risk factors for readmissions in children differ from those in adults, yet little is known about whether the LACE index (Length of stay, Acute admission, Charlson comorbidity index, Emergency department visits in the previous 6 months) developed for adults retains its validity when applied to the prediction of readmissions in children or within shorter intervals of time after discharge. In this retrospective cohort analysis of 4256 patients aged ≤18 years hospitalized at one academic medical center in Taiwan in 2019, we first evaluated the performance of a LACE index model and the three other multivariate logistic regression models in their predictions of hospital readmissions in children using the same time interval of 30 days. We then used multinomial logistic regression to analyze the characteristics and risk factors for readmissions that occur in the first 14 days with those that occur between 15 and 30 days after discharge. The optimal cut-off of the LACE index score for children in the current study was 7, which is less than the optimal score of 10 in the original derivation for adults. The predictive model with the least discriminatory power was based on the LACE score alone, whereas our model that included only two variables (length of stay and the number of admissions in the past 1 year) was found to outperform the LACE index. Multinomial logistic regression results revealed that children who had supplemental private health insurance had lower readmission rates than those insured by the National Health Insurance program only, suggesting a disparity by insurance status. Some risk factors of readmission within 14 days such as acute admissions and supplemental private health insurance were not found to be relevant for longer-term predictions, while age, which was a valid predictor of readmission within 15–30 days, did not affect the prediction of shorter-term readmissions. Prior health care utilization and a higher illness burden were found to be greater contributors to readmissions beyond 14 days. Our simpler model outperformed the more complex LACE tool in identifying children at risk of readmission. Shorter-term readmissions can be attributed to different causes than 30-day readmissions, suggesting a need for different screening tools, interventions, and care support. There remains some socioeconomic disparity associated with readmission rates in the current health care system.
Rifaximin potentiates clarithromycin against Mycobacterium abscessus in vitro and in zebrafish
Authors: Goh Boon Chong , Larsson Simon , Dam Linh Chi , Ling Yan Han Sharon , Chua Wei Lin Patrina , Abirami R , Singh Samsher , Ong Jun Long Ernest , Teo Jeanette W P , Ho Peiying , Ingham Philip W , Pethe Kevin , Dedon Peter C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Mycobacterium abscessus is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that causes chronic pulmonary infections. Because of its extensive innate resistance to numerous antibiotics, treatment options are limited, often resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Current treatment regimens usually involve a combination of antibiotics, with clarithromycin being the cornerstone of NTM treatments.

Objectives
To identify drug candidates that exhibit synergistic activity with clarithromycin against M. abscessus.

Methods
We performed cell-based phenotypic screening of a compound library against M. abscessus induced to become resistant to clarithromycin. Furthermore, we evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of the top compound in a zebrafish embryo infection model.

Results
The screen revealed rifaximin as a clarithromycin potentiator. The combination of rifaximin and clarithromycin was synergistic and bactericidal in vitro and potent in the zebrafish model.

Conclusions
The data indicate that the rifaximin/clarithromycin combination is promising to effectively treat pulmonary NTM infections.
Comparative analysis of the ocular surface microbiome in type-1, type-2 diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals
Authors: Ali Shima Mahmoud , Abdel-Gawad Maryam Mohamed , Azab Marwa , Hamed Selwan , Emara Mohamed , Shawky Riham M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim
Ocular health greatly impacts the quality of life, and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of several visual diseases. Likewise, microbiomes have a pivotal role in eye health. The aim was to study the effect of DM, both type-1 (T1DM) and type-2 (T2DM) on the ocular microbiome.

Methods and results
A total of 70 subjects were recruited for this study and divided into two main groups healthy nondiabetic (n = 18) and diabetic (28 T1DM and 24 T2DM). The ocular surface (OS) microbiome was more diverse in the healthy group than in the diabetic one. Taxonomic analysis revealed Proteobacteria as the main phylum (healthy nondiabetic 41.8%, T1DM 50.6%, and T2DM 52.5%), besides Streptococcus (healthy nondiabetic 16%, T1DM 26.75%, and T2DM 29.20%) and Paracoccus (healthy nondiabetic 17%, T1DM 34.85%, and T2DM 37.47%) as the main genera. No significant diversity was found between T1DM and T2DM on both phylum and genus levels; yet genera Brevundimonas and Leptotrichia were more significantly predominant in T1DM.

Conclusion
Two pathogenic genera, Streptococcus and Paracoccus, were more predominant in the DM group than in the healthy one.
Modelling the deactivation of Escherichia coli in Nigerian soils amended with differently treated manures
Authors: Chukwu Vince A , Smith Jo U , Strachan Norval J C , Avery Lisa M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to simulate deactivation of Escherichia coli in soils amended with cattle manure after burning, anaerobic digestion, composting, or without treatment.

Method and results
The Weibull survival function was used to describe deactivation of E. coli. Parameters for each treatment were determined using E. coli measurements from manure-amended soils and evaluated against measurements at different application rates. A statistically significant correlation and high coincidence between the simulated and measured values were obtained. The simulations revealed that although anaerobic digestion or burning of cattle manure effectively reduced the E. coli loads to background levels, burning retained very little nitrogen, so the ash residue was ineffective as an organic fertilizer. Anaerobic digestion was most effective at reducing E. coli levels while retaining a high proportion of N in the bioslurry residue, but the persistence of E. coli was higher than in compost.

Conclusion
The results from this study suggest that the safest method for production of organic fertilizer would involve anaerobic digestion to reduce E. coli, followed by composting to reduce its persistence.
First record of the major termite pest species, Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), in Argentina
Authors: Carrijo Tiago F , Battilana Jaqueline , Morales Jorge 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Reticulitermes flavipes is the most invasive species in its genus and is responsible for causing significant damage to human structures in areas where it has been introduced. Although it has already become established in Chile and Uruguay, it had not previously been reported in Argentina. In this study, we report the first detection of this species in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. The colony was already producing alates, and species identification was confirmed through both morphology and mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA analysis. Our results, while not conclusive, suggest that this introduction was independent from the one that occurred in Chile and Uruguay, and potentially originated from the United States. The detection of R. flavipes in Argentina is significant because it highlights the potential for this species to establish itself in new regions and underscores the need for future research on and control of R. flavipes in this country.
Quantification of damage to plasmid DNA from 35 MeV electrons, 228 MeV protons and 300 kVp X-rays in varying hydroxyl radical scavenging environments
Authors: Wanstall Hannah C , Henthorn Nicholas T , Jones James , Santina Elham , Chadwick Amy L , Angal-Kalinin Deepa , Morris Geoffrey , Warmenhoven John-William , Smith Rob , Mathisen Storm , Merchant Michael J , Jones Roger M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The pBR322 plasmid DNA was irradiated with 35 MeV electrons, 228 MeV protons and 300 kVp X-rays to quantify DNA damage and make comparisons of DNA damage between radiation modalities. Plasmid was irradiated in a medium containing hydroxyl radical scavengers in varying concentrations. This altered the amount of indirect hydroxyl-mediated DNA damage, to create an environment that is more closely associated with a biological cell. We show that increasing hydroxyl scavenger concentration significantly reduced post-irradiation DNA damage to pBR322 plasmid DNA consistently and equally with three radiation modalities. At low scavenging capacities, irradiation with both 35 MeV electrons and 228 MeV protons resulted in increased DNA damage per dose compared with 300 kVp X-rays. We quantify both single-strand break (SSB) and double-strand break (DSB) induction between the modalities as a ratio of yields relative to X-rays, referred to as relative biological effectiveness (RBE). RBESSB values of 1.16 ± 0.15 and 1.18 ± 0.08 were calculated for protons and electrons, respectively, in a low hydroxyl scavenging environment containing 1 mM Tris–HCl for SSB induction. In higher hydroxyl scavenging capacity environments (above 1.1 × 106 s−1), no significant differences in DNA damage induction were found between radiation modalities when using SSB induction as a measure of RBE. Considering DSB induction, significant differences were only found between X-rays and 35 MeV electrons, with an RBEDSB of 1.72 ± 0.91 for 35 MeV electrons, indicating that electrons result in significantly more SSBs and DSBs per unit of dose than 300 kVp X-rays.
The minimal important difference of Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire in subjects with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Dhooria Sahajal , Muthu Valliappan , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The estimates of the minimal important difference (MID) for the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) remain unknown. We performed a retrospective analysis on treatment-naïve CPA subjects (n = 148) treated with 6-month oral itraconazole therapy and completed SGRQ at baseline and 6 months. The study’s objective was to estimate the MID for SGRQ. We used an anchor-based method to determine the MID and found the MID for SGRQ of 7.3.
A Bayesian chemical evolution model of the DustPedia galaxy M74
Authors: Calura Francesco , Palla Marco , Morselli Laura , Spitoni Emanuele , Casasola Viviana , Verma Kuldeep , Enia Andrea , Meneghetti Massimo , Bianchi Simone , Pozzi Francesca , Gruppioni Carlotta 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new, multizone chemical evolution model of the DustPedia galaxy M74, calibrated by means of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We take into account the observed stellar and gas density profiles and use Bayesian analysis to constrain two fundamental parameters characterizing the gas accretion and star formation time-scale, i.e. the infall time-scale τ and the SF efficiency ν, respectively, as a function of galactocentric radius R. Our analysis supports an infall time-scale increasing with R and a star formation efficiency decreasing with R, thus supporting an ‘Inside-Out’ formation for M74. For both τ and ν, we find a weaker radial dependence than in the Milky Way. We also investigate the dust content of M74, comparing the observed dust density profile with the results of our chemical evolution models. Various prescriptions have been considered for two key parameters, i.e. the typical dust accretion time-scale τ0 and the mass of gas cleared out of dust by a supernova remnant, Mclear, regulating the dust growth and destruction rate, respectively. Two models with a different current balance between destruction and accretion, i.e. with an equilibrium and a dominion of accretion over destruction, can equally reproduce the observed dust profile of M74. This outlines the degeneracy between these parameters in shaping the interstellar dust content in galaxies. Our methods will be extended to more DustPedia galaxies to shed more light on the relative roles of dust production and destruction.