bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Makes Us Smart?
Authors: Henrich Joseph , Muthukrishna Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow did humans become clever enough to live in nearly every major ecosystem on earth, create vaccines against deadly plagues, explore the oceans depths, and routinely traverse the globe at 30,000 feet in aluminum tubes while nibbling on roasted almonds? Drawing on recent developments in our understanding of human evolution, we consider what makes us distinctively smarter than other animals. Contrary to conventional wisdom, human brilliance emerges not from our innate brainpower or raw computational capacities, but from the sharing of information in communities and networks over generations. We review how larger, more diverse, and more optimally interconnected networks of minds give rise to faster innovation and how the cognitive products of this cumulative cultural evolutionary process feedback to make us individually “smarter”—in the sense of being better at meeting the challenges and problems posed by our societies and socioecologies. Here, we consider not only how cultural evolution supplies us with “thinking tools” (like counting systems and fractions) but also how it has shaped our ontologies (e.g., do germs and witches exist?) and epistemologies, including our notions of what constitutes a “good reason” or “good evidence” (e.g., are dreams a source of evidence?). Building on this, we consider how cultural evolution has organized and distributed cultural knowledge and cognitive tasks among subpopulations, effectively shifting both thinking and production to the level of the community, population, or network, resulting in collective information processing and group decisions. Cultural evolution can turn mindless mobs into wise crowds by facilitating and constraining cognition through a wide variety of epistemic institutions—political, legal, and scientific. These institutions process information and aid better decision‐making by suppressing or encouraging the use of different cultural epistemologies and ontologies.
Establishment of Prediction Model for Cavitation Surge Frequency and Onset in an Inducer Considering Dynamic Characteristics of Cavitation Compliance and Mass Flow Gain Factor
Authors: Yamamoto Keita , Ukai Satoshi , Fukuda Taro , Kawasaki Satoshi , Negishi Hideyo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An accurate prediction method of cavitation surge is desired to design a reliable turbopump for rocket engines that allow complex operational sequences such as controlled reentry and landing. Therefore, the paper aims to develop a novel model that enables accurate predictions of both frequency and onset of cavitation surge by considering dynamic characteristics of cavitation compliance K and mass flow gain factor M. The paper conducts both experimental and numerical studies in an inducer known to cause cavitation surge. First, characteristics of cavitation surge including frequency and occurrence conditions are experimentally surveyed. Secondary, K and M for the studied inducer are numerically obtained by steady RANS simulations. Then, the one-dimensional model is initially established based on the premises acquired by performed experiments and applied to cavitation surge predictions using quasi-statically evaluated K and M. As a result of comparisons with experiments, the cavitation surge frequency is adequately evaluated by the established model, whereas the cavitation surge onset fails to be estimated only using quasi-static parameters. The new model is thus proposed by including dynamic characteristics of K and M, and it is mathematically clarified that phase properties of K and M may play a key role to trigger cavitation surge. By presuming adequate values of dynamic characteristics based on past literatures, consequently, the developed model succeeds in accurate predictions of the cavitation surge onset in the experiment. This evidences that dynamic characteristics of K and M are essential to predict cavitation surge quantitatively.
Improving Ambient Contrast Ratio of Display Device at Oblique Angle Using a Fe3O4-Magnetic Particle Chained Pillar Array Structure
Authors: Li Zong-Tao , Wu Jun-Hao , Liang Guan-Wei , Yang Ren-peng , Yang Zhihui , Li Jia-Sheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A high ambient contrast ratio (ACR) is essential for achieving a high dynamic range in advanced display applications, but reported ACR enhancement strategies always result in reduced optical efficiency of light-emitting diode (LED) display devices. In this study, an Fe3O4-magnetic particle-chained pillar array (Fe3O4-MPCP) structure was introduced to improve the ACR of LED display devices with low optical loss. The results indicated that the MPCP structure achieved high ACR at an oblique angle using surface pillar array to suppress ambient light reflections, and its internal magnetic particle chain improved the transmissivity to maintain high device efficiency. Compared with the commercial graphite-coated device at typical viewing angles (i.e., 0 deg and 60 deg), the ACR of the optimal MPCP device increased by 217 and 140%, while the device efficiency increased by 25 and 12%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method provides a novel approach for significantly improving ACR at all oblique angles while maintaining high device efficiency, which can be easily integrated into various LED display devices and has significant potential in advanced display applications.
Multi-Level Embedded Three-Dimensional Manifold Microchannel Heat Sink of Aluminum Nitride Direct Bonded Copper for the High-Power Electronic Module
Authors: Lin Yujui , Wei Tiwei , Moy Wyatt Jason , Chen Hao , Gupta Man Prakash , Degner Michael , Asheghi Mehdi , Mantooth H. Alan , Goodson Kenneth E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Better thermal management is a key enabler of higher power density in traction inverter power modules. For the first time, we successfully fabricated and tested a microchannel with a three-dimensional (3D) manifold cooler (MMC) using aluminum nitride (AlN)-based directed bonded copper (DBC) substrates. The microchannels (width ∼300 μm and height ∼450 μm) and 3D manifold fluidic passages (width ∼300 μm and height ∼600 μm) were fabricated in two DBC substrates using the femtosecond laser and subsequently bonded using transition liquid phase (TLP) bonding. In this study, the hydraulic and thermal performance of the 3D MMC is measured and validated with numerical simulation. The proposed 3D MMC is capable of removing heat at 600 W/cm2 with a 10 kPa pressured drop at the thermal thermal resistance of 0.2 cm2 K/W. The optimized designs via geometric and layout rearrangement were conducted, which indicates the pressure drop can be further reduced by 10× while maintaining the same thermal performance.
Strong Resonance Bifurcations in a Discrete-Time In-Host Model With a Saturating Infection Rate
Authors: Salman Sanaa Moussa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Viral blips are a recurrent pattern observed in many persistent infections such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The main goal of this research is to present a comprehensive analytical study of a two-dimensional discrete-time in-host infection model, that exhibits viral blips, with a saturating infection rate. We examine the interactions between the population densities of infected and uninfected CD4+ T cells by discussing the model's dynamics in the long run. The local asymptotic stability of fixed points of the model is investigated. The model undergoes both flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations. Moreover, codimension-two bifurcations of the endemic fixed point are discussed using bifurcation theory and normal forms. The model exhibits 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 strong resonances. Numerical simulations are performed to verify our analysis. In addition, bifurcations of higher iterations are extracted from the numerical continuation.
Damage Assessment of Similar Martensitic Welds Under Creep, Fatigue, and Creep-Fatigue Loading
Authors: Bender Thorben , Klenk Andreas , Weihe Stefan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
For the assessment of welds under high-temperature conditions in the creep or creep-fatigue regimes, the knowledge of the damage location and its temporal evolution is of high importance. The local failure behavior of weld joints is not reflected in design guidelines using weld reduction factors or in typical assessment approaches. The evaluation of local strains and stresses in the heat affected zone (HAZ) is essential for a more detailed consideration of weld behavior and has a high potential for improvement of design and inspection guidelines. In this paper, an overview of current developments in the assessment of weld joints is given. Uni-axial creep, component tests, low cycle fatigue (LCF), and creep-fatigue experiments with base material, weld joints and microstructure simulated HAZ material are presented. The use of test results of microstructure simulated HAZ material allows the parameter identification of numerical material models for the HAZ and improves the simulation of the local stress and strain behavior of weld joints. Two assessment methods, one for creep and one for fatigue/creep-fatigue were presented, based on the local behavior determined by the numerical simulations. The assessment approach for pure creep loads was validated using several uni-axial creep tests and two component tests. The approach for the fatigue/creep-fatigue loads is still in the developmental stage but the first results were presented and further areas for improvement were identified.
Additional Estrogen Administration to Avoid Poor Outcomes Associated with a Thin Endometrium in Frozen Embryo Transfer
Authors: Takahashi Kyoko , Takehara Isao , Nakamura Fumihiro , Nakai Nanako , Matsukawa Jun , Matsuo Koki , Kawagoe Jun , Igarashi Hideki , Nagase Satoru 
Published: April 2023

Background: During hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to optimize endometrial growth for thawed-frozen embryo transfer (FET), patients normally undergo estrogen administration for 14 days (day 14 group). However, if optimal endometrial thickness is not achieved in 14 days, estrogen treatment is continued for seven more days at a higher dose (day 21 group). This study aimed to determine the effects of this extended estrogen administration regimen on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using our patient database from November 2016 to March 2018. We analyzed 303 cycles of blastocyst-FET and compared patient background characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between day 14 and day 21 groups. Results: In day 21 group, the pregnancy rate tended to be lower while the miscarriage rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were higher than those in day 14 group. However, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Delayed endometrial growth resulted in poorer pregnancy outcomes in FET, but the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, it could be meaningful to add estrogen administration for 7 days to avoid the poor outcomes caused by a thin endometrium.
Data Provenance in Security and Privacy
Authors: Pan Bofeng , Stakhanova Natalia , Ray Suprio 
Published: April 2023

Provenance information corresponds to essential metadata that describes the entities, users, and processes involved in the history and evolution of a data object. The benefits of tracking provenance information have been widely understood in a variety of domains; however, only recently have provenance solutions gained interest in the security community. Indeed, on the one hand, provenance allows for a reliable historical analysis enabling security-related applications such as forensic analysis and attribution of malicious activity. On the other hand, the unprecedented changes in the threat landscape place demands for securing provenance information to facilitate its trustworthiness.With the recent growth of provenance studies in security, in this work we examine the role of data provenance in security and privacy. To set this work in context, we outline fundamental principles and models of data provenance and explore how the existing studies achieve security principles. We further review the existing schemes for securing data provenance collection and manipulation known as secure provenance and the role of data provenance for security and privacy, which we refer to as threat provenance.
The Lords of Kawkabān and the Transformation of the State in Early Modern Yemen (15th–17th Centuries)
Authors: Pukhovaia Ekaterina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article reconstructs the history of a Zaydi sayyid clan, the Āl Shams al-Dīn, their rise to prominence prior to the Ottoman conquest of Yemen and their continued success in maintaining their status at the top of Yemeni socio-political hierarchies over four centuries. The article explains the reasons for the success of the family as resilient local rulers and argues that the ability of the lords of Kawkabān to build alliances with the Ottomans was a necessary step for them to keep their special status in the next state formed in Yemen—the Qasimid imamate. Their alliance with the Ottomans is placed in a broader context for comparison. Through the analysis of the position of the family in early modern Yemen continuities between three successive political regimes are demonstrated.
The Sino-Kharoṣṭhī Coins of Khotan and Their Significance for This Kingdom’s Interregional Connections
Authors: Cribb Joe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent discoveries have greatly increased understanding of the co-called ‘Sino- Kharoṣṭhī’ coinage of the early kings of Khotan. They confirm the chronology of the coinage in the 1st to early 2nd centuries CE, and show the framework of their internal chronology and of Khotan’s monetary system. The coins show strong links between Khotan and the territory ruled by the first four Kushan kings in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir and India. The cultural, economic and administrative contexts of the coins throw some light on why they were issued, but, as they are the only concrete evidence for Khotan at this period apart from the fragmentary commentaries in the Chinese and Tibetan chronicles written centuries later, many questions remain unanswered.
The Russian-Iranian Silk Trade during the Reign of Shāh Ṣafī I (1629–1642)
Authors: Rybar Lukas , Andreev Artem A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article is a case study of the Russian-Iranian silk trade, particularly during the period of the Safavid Shāh Ṣafī I (1629–1642). During his reign, substantial changes occurred in the state silk trade, which also affected the Russian-Iranian trade. This study mainly focuses on the amount of Iranian silk exported to Russia by royal merchants, the form the Russian-Iranian silk trade took and the mode of transport as well as the main trade routes. Our research is based on archival historical sources from the Russian state archives of ancient documents. The study thus aims to shine new facts on the Russian-Iranian trade relations in the early modern period.
An Enduring Prestige: Land Grants in a Princely State Census
Authors: Cannon Brian T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This essay employs the land register of a late nineteenth-century Hindi census conducted in the princely state of Marwar (Rajasthan) to examine the durability of the tax-free (sasan) land grant regime over the course of three centuries. It evaluates the privilege sasan grants inured on their holders until the mid-twentieth century, when a series of a structural land reforms all but overnight changed the ways in which grant holders and their kin interacted with land and state authorities. The essay reads processes of land grant donation and maintenance across a wide social, economic, and ecological spectrum. In so doing, it challenges historiographical assumptions of religion as a fundamental grant donation motive in the region, as well as the idea that land relations were primarily defined by revenue extraction in early modern and colonial north India.
The Arghūn State in Qandahar and the New World Economy, 1479–1522
Authors: Anooshahr Ali 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Traffic on overland routes connecting the Indian subcontinent to the Iranian Plateau and Central Asia increased from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries. This led to the formation of strong states in the Kabul-to-Delhi region—namely, the state ruled by the later Lodīs in north India, the embryonic Mughal state in Kabul, and the Arghūn state in Qandahar (1479–1522). This article will especially investigate the latter. Since there is no mercantile archive for this period, I will make use of narrative sources, especially the little-used “court history” of the Arghūns, the Nuṣratnāmā-i Tarkhān (completed circa 1565) in search of political and economic information.
The Social Significance of Expressions of Hierarchy, Equality, and Fraternity in Rabbinic Traditions about Moses and Aaron from the Land of Israel
Authors: Elitzur Bracha (Brachi) 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article discusses rabbinic traditions about Moses and Aaron that address questions of hierarchy, status, envy, and fraternity between the brothers. It suggests that considering the time periods and places in these traditions were written adds a crucial dimension to understanding them. Information about the social and religious challenges of the era illustrates the social dynamics at the end of the Second Temple period and in the time of the Mishnah and Talmud. This reveals an aspect of the nature of the leadership crisis and shows the positions and desires of the emerging heirs to leadership. Such an historicist approach relies on the paradigm in the literature regarding Aaron’s character. It allows for optimal understanding of trends in treatment of these traditions among the sages in the Land of Israel.
“A Great Soul Reincarnated among Gentiles:” The Attitude of Rabbi Avraham Yitzhak Hakohen Kook and Rav Tsvi Yehudah Hakohen Kook to Nietzsche
Authors: Shtamler Hagay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This essay describes the attitude of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Hakohen Kook (1865–1935) as well as that of his son, Rabbi Zvi Yehudah Hakohen Kook (1891–1982), to Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844–1900) and his philosophy. It shows that the father read Nietzsche differently from the son. The father criticizes Nietzsche profusely, while the son often mentions him appreciatively and even said that he was a great soul that reincarnated among the gentiles. The essays suggests that their dissimilar approaches resulted from the different intellectual challenges each faced due to the different cultural periods in which they lived.
Who Wears the Chain?
Authors: Lavery-Yisraeli Yonah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The recent debate regarding the eligibility of converts to Judaism (gerim) to sit on a beṯ din – a judicial panel – is unexpected. In the 19th century, when rabbis first begin to answer questions about whether or not gerim may serve on panels for the conversion of other potential gerim, the tone is consistently one of surprise: the answer was an obvious yes. In later reflections, however, the tone shifts, with increasing demands for definitive proof that no prohibition exists. But such a proof has been hard to articulate based on the classical sources. This article contends that the eligibility of a ger to sit a beṯ din was at one point obvious because such acceptance mirrors a central characteristic of classical Jewish judicial culture, which rests on welcoming strangeness and, hence, human strangers. Truth, this is, was understood to arrive through a gap rent in the familiarity that ordinarily rests between members of a community.
In Pursuit of Children’s Education Abroad: China’s Middle-Class Families and Parental Flexibility in Transient Migration to Thailand
Authors: Siriphon Aranya , Li (李江玉) Jiangyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article explores education-led migration among Chinese families who pursue international education for their children in Thailand. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, with data collected from 220 Chinese respondents to a survey and by means of 12 semi-structured interviews. The Chinese families emigrating from China to Chiang Mai in Thailand are representatives of the largely urbanized, well-educated middle-class families that today practice a circulatory transnational migration for the purpose of obtaining an education for their children. The findings show that compared with the conventional pathway of upper middle-class Chinese families emigrating to Western developed countries, middle-class Chinese families in Chiang Mai have adopted transient migratory practices for enhancing their children’s international education. The article discusses the childcare arrangements, division of parental responsibilities, income-earning activities, and desire for a good personal lifestyle among Chinese parents with children undergoing education in Chang Mai.
Sweet Return and Bitter Memories: Rethinking Coffee Culture and Overseas Return Migration from Europe to Rural Fujian, China
Authors: Jemec (宋钧瑭) Sebastjan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This ethnography examines coffee habits among return migrants in their place of origin in a rural county in Fujian. Many migrants occupy low-skill jobs in the catering and textile industry in Italy, Austria, and Hungary. I argue that coffee does not represent an identification with cosmopolitanism, but rather evokes memories of hardships these migrants are subject to during their overseas stay. The deeper implication of this study lies in the rethinking of overseas return migration. Through rethinking the practice and embedded memories of coffee culture, I assess the meaning of overseas migration for rural return migrants. Their return is happening at a time when overseas emigration is not the only road to economic advancement, as it was two decades ago when the localized phenomenon of overseas emigration was at its peak.
“Chinese, Yet Not Chinese”: Creolized Babas, China-Born Chinese, and Their Changing Relationships in Singapore after 1870s
Authors: Ong (王纯强) Soon Keong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article examines the factors behind the changing relationships between Chinese born in Singapore, i.e. the so-called Babas, and Chinese born in China from the late nineteenth century to the early 1930s. It observes that while their interactions were congenial and interdependent in the nineteenth century, they became increasingly contentious and antagonistic into the early twentieth century. Because the Babas had settled outside China and created a creolized culture through localization and Westernization, their supposed straying from Chinese culture and distancing from China were used by scholars and the Chinese themselves to explain the growing gulf between the Babas and the China-born. But as this article argues, in the period under study, the tension and animosity between the two Chinese communities ran deeper than mere cultural differences, as they were aggravated by social changes, economic competitions, and divergent political allegiances.
Situ Meitang, Patriotic Overseas Chinese?
Authors: González (高鸣) Fredy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The article recounts the transnational political activities of Situ Meitang, who led the Hongmen Chee Kung Tong in the Americas in support of the Nationalist government during the Second World War. At the end of the Chinese Civil War, he endorsed the People’s Republic of China and settled in Beijing. The article shows that current biographies of Situ ignore the complexity of his political ideas, including a desire for democracy in China and the economic development of southern China. Through the lens of Situ Meitang, the article also considers the complicated political loyalties and sense of belonging among Chinese overseas who supported Situ Meitang’s political actions, as well as the transnational circulation of information, resources, and ideas.