bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Changes in Safety Perception Among Blacks with HIV and Comorbidities: Assessment of Social Determinants of Health During COVID-19
Authors: Fleming Marc , Lee Deidra , Oranu Chukwuezugo , Schommer Jon C. , Cocohoba Jennifer , Cooper Jennifer , Hodge Crystal K. , Nedjat Saharnaz , Borgmann Kathleen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on social determinants of health (SDOH) among Blacks with HIV and a comorbid diagnosis of hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
This was a longitudinal survey study. The inclusion criteria were adults ≥ 18 years and the presence of hypertension and/or diabetes, along with a positive HIV diagnosis. This study enrolled patients in the HIV clinics and chain specialty pharmacies in the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) area. A survey of ten questions examining SDOH was conducted before, during, and after the lockdown. A proportional odds mixed effects logistic regression model was applied to assess differences between time points.

Results
A total of 27 participants were included. Respondents felt significantly safer in their living place post-lockdown than in the pre-lockdown period (odds ratio = 6.39, 95% CI [1.08–37.73]). No other statistically significant differences in the responses were found over the study timeframe. However, borderline p values indicated better SDOH status post-lockdown as compared to pre-lockdown.

Conclusion
Study participants feel safer one year after lockdown compared to pre-lockdown. The CARES Act and the moratorium on rent and mortgage are among the factors that may explain this increase. Future research should include designing and evaluating interventions for social equity enhancement.
A practical type-3 Fuzzy control for mobile robots: predictive and Boltzmann-based learning
Authors: Alkabaa Abdulaziz S. , Taylan Osman , Balubaid Muhammed , Zhang Chunwei , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study presents an innovative path-following scheme using a new intelligent type-3 fuzzy system for mobile robots. By designing a non-singleton FS and incorporating error measurement signals, this system is able to handle natural disturbances and dynamics uncertainties. To further enhance accuracy, a Boltzmann machine (BM) models tracking errors and predicts compensators. A parallel supervisor is also included in the central controller to ensure robustness. The BM model is trained using contrastive divergence, while adaptive rules extracted from a stability theorem train the NT3FS. Simulation results using chaotic reference signals show that the proposed scheme is accurate and robust, even in the face of unknown dynamics and disturbances. Moreover, a practical implementation on a real-world robot proves the feasibility of the designed controller. To watch a short video of the scheme in action, visit shorturl.at/imoCH.
Spatial prediction of soil organic carbon in coal mining subsidence areas based on RBF neural network
Authors: Qi Qiangqiang , Yue Xin , Duo Xin , Xu Zhanjun , Li Zhe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA quantitative research on the effect of coal mining on the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool at regional scale is beneficial to the scientific management of SOC pools in coal mining areas and the realization of coal low-carbon mining. Moreover, the spatial prediction model of SOC content suitable for coal mining subsidence area is a scientific problem that must be solved. Taking the Changhe River Basin of Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, China, as the study area, this paper proposed a radial basis function neural network model combined with the ordinary kriging method. The model includes topography and vegetation factors, which have large influence on soil properties in mining areas, as input parameters to predict the spatial distribution of SOC in the 0–20 and 2040 cm soil layers of the study area. And comparing the prediction effect with the direct kriging method, the results show that the mean error, the mean absolute error and the root mean square error between the predicted and measured values of SOC content predicted by the radial basis function neural network are lower than those obtained by the direct kriging method. Based on the fitting effect of the predicted and measured values, the R2 obtained by the radial basis artificial neural network are 0.81, 0.70, respectively, higher than the value of 0.44 and 0.36 obtained by the direct kriging method. Therefore, the model combining the artificial neural network and kriging, and considering environmental factors can improve the prediction accuracy of the SOC content in mining areas.
Artificial benchmark for community detection with outliers (ABCD+o)
Authors: Kamiński Bogumił , Prałat Paweł , Théberge François 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Artificial Benchmark for Community Detection graph (ABCD) is a random graph model with community structure and power-law distribution for both degrees and community sizes. The model generates graphs with similar properties as the well-known LFR one, and its main parameter $$\xi$$
ξ
can be tuned to mimic its counterpart in the LFR model, the mixing parameter $$\mu$$
μ
. In this paper, we extend the ABCD model to include potential outliers. We perform some exploratory experiments on both the new ABCD+o model as well as a real-world network to show that outliers pose some distinguishable properties. This ensures that our new model may serve as a benchmark of outlier detection algorithms.
Relevanzen des Imaginären
Authors: Mahler Andreas 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Programm der Verbindung von Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte basiert auf dem Konzept des Kontexts. Literarischer Text und geistesgeschichtlicher Kontext scheinen auf den ersten Blick problemlos voneinander trennbar. Allerdings stecken in jedem Text immer schon Spuren von Kontext wie in jedem Kontext immer schon Anteile von Textualität. Wesentlich mithin ist beider Relation. Dies vermittelt vor allem der Ansatz der Funktionsgeschichte, indem er weniger nach der Nachträglichkeit von Funktionszuweisungen fragt denn nach den Funktionsvorgaben von Strukturbildungen. Hierdurch kommt die scheinbar natürliche Vorordnung der Struktur vor die Funktion – und zugleich hermeneutisch die Relation von Frage und Antwort wie epistemologisch die Frage nach dem Realen und dem Imaginären – ins Schwanken: der kontextuelle ›Sitz im Leben‹ beeinflusst die jeweilige Textbildung offenbar in gleichem Maße, wie der textuelle Sinn seinerseits auf den Kontext auszugreifen sucht; scheint das Konstrukt einer ›Realität‹ eine plausible imaginäre Antwort auf die Frage nach der Welt, so ist das Imaginieren in Literatur und Kunst oftmals der Ort ihrer Rückführung in Fragen. In der Vormoderne als Zeit der Umstellung von einer – über eine quasi göttlich gesetzte Geschlossenheit des Kosmos – vornehmlich ähnlichkeitsgeführten Weltversicherung zu einer – sich öffnenden und damit eine menschenbestimmt Geltung beanspruchende Vorstellung von Wirklichkeit allererst herstellenden – Verzeitlichung und Kausalisierung ist dies ein wesentlicher Motor für einen an Veränderungen des gesellschaftlichen Imaginären, seiner Rahmung wie Findung, nachzeichenbaren ›epochalen‹ Wandel.
Regulatory, safety and economic considerations of over-the-counter medicines in the Indian population
Authors: Narang Prashant , Garg Vandana , Sharma Atul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and purpose of review
Over-the-counter (OTC) medication has been an integral component of an established health care system but their easy accessibility might pose significant risks. This review has attempted to highlight the present scenario of OTC utilization in India, regarding standard practices followed globally. An attempt has also been made to highlight the lifecycle of a prescription and OTC medicine and the benefits and regulatory process involved in the prescription-to-OTC switch.

Findings
A paradigm shift has been observed in self-medication practice with OTC medicines in recent times and has become a widespread practice worldwide. Numerous key drivers, such as increasing consumer awareness, broader consumer access to essential medication, and socio-economic benefits to the public health care system, have advocated this practice. On the other hand, self-medication using OTC is also inextricably linked with inevitable risks such as excessive drug dosage, polypharmacy, drug abuse, and drug interactions. Nevertheless, these issues could be further regulated by employing a defined OTC framework. The government of India has recognized the utmost need to develop a robust policy framework for the effective utilization of OTC drugs. Also, various initiatives toward modifying existing laws or developing new OTC drug policies has been taken.

Conclusion
Prioritizing the utmost safety of the consumers and evident need of strong regulatory framework with respect to OTC drugs, the term “OTC” has been recommended as a distinct category of drugs by Government of India. This review has highlighted various factors that can play an essential role in OTC utilization and can be considered during policy reformation.
Impact of accumulation of copper from application of copper-based fungicides on soil properties in Ghana
Authors: Kakutey Kingsford , Sackey Lyndon N. A. , Akoto Osei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBlack pod disease causes yield losses in cocoa production, and copper-based fungicides are used to control the disease. The study investigated the extent of accumulated copper from copper-based fungicides and interaction with soil chemical properties and microbial biomass in three communities: Akaasu, Kyeikrom, and Tuntum in the Bibiani–Anhwiaso–Bekwai District. Soil samples were collected at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. The fresh soil samples were divided into two, sieved and stored under different conditions; 4 °C and room temperature. Physicochemical (soil pH, Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen) and microbial analyses (Microbial biomass was determined by the chloroform fumigation method and extraction and soil microbial mass of phosphorus) were conducted on the samples. Tuntum had the highest concentration of total copper (286.54 mg/kg), while the Akaasu cocoa plantation had the lowest total copper concentration (215.63 mg/kg). Extractable and total copper vary significantly (p < 0.05) in the three cocoa farms' (Akaasu, Kyeikrom and Tumtum) top and subsoils compared to the reference values. However, soil pH, nitrogen and organic matter from soils of the cocoa farms did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from their reference soils. The correlation analysis revealed that extractable and total Cu at different soil depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm) correlated negatively with organic matter contents. There was negative correlation between extractable and total Cu with microbial biomass though not significantly different at p > 0.05 in all the study locations. Generally, the concentrations of copper in the soil at all sites have not reached their critical levels of 800 mg/kg.
Bladelets, Blood, and Bones: Integrating Protein Residue, Lithic Use-Wear, and Faunal Data from the Moorehead Circle, Fort Ancient
Authors: Riordan Robert V. , Miller G. Logan , Stone Abigail Chipps 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModified teeth and jaws have long been recognized as important ceremonial objects during the Middle Woodland period of eastern North America. Direct evidence for the manufacture of the objects is exceedingly rare because they are typically recovered from mortuary contexts or ceremonial caches. Here, we present multiple lines of evidence pointing to the manufacture of modified teeth and jaws at the Moorehead Circle post enclosure within the Fort Ancient Earthworks. The convergence of protein residue, lithic use-wear, and faunal data indicate that bear and likely canid bones were modified by artisans working within the Moorehead Circle. These findings add an important new layer of understanding to our knowledge of these objects, human–animal relations, and craft production in the Middle Woodland.
Building the Ohio Hopewell Chronology: An Incremental Approach to Historical Reckoning
Authors: Seeman Mark F. , Nolan Kevin C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOhio Hopewell is an archaeological concept that is known worldwide but that suffers from “a disarray of radiocarbon results” (Lynott 2015:60). Here, we establish a comprehensive dataset of 425 14C dates from Ohio Hopewell sites and apply formal chronometric hygiene criteria to all dates. We then iteratively assess the temporal placement and span of the six most important Ohio Hopewell sites—the Hopewell Mound Group, Liberty, Mound City, Seip, Tremper, and Turner. A staged relaxation of hygiene criteria for our best three categories (Classes 1–3) permits alternate but generally consistent conclusions. As the first large-scale analyses of Ohio Hopewell temporality since the publication of IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020), the available data show a ritual complex that begins 90 or more years later than generally has been recognized circa 2010 14C BP, or as Bayesian modeled, AD 90–120. Our analysis reveals site histories of differing spans, more late dates than early dates, and with most Hopewell activity ending across these sites circa 1640 14C BP, or as Bayesian modeled, AD 395–430. An increased consideration of contingency in contemporary temporal reckoning increases the utility of the historical narratives that we as archaeologists can construct.
The syntax of silent directional prepositions in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Alhailawani Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn Jordanian Arabic (JA), the complement of some motion verbs optionally appears without a visible preposition in what is known as (P)reposition-drop (Ioannidou and den Dikken 2009). This article offers a detailed description of P-drop in JA, showing that the common properties of P-drop found in languages with P-drop hold in JA. I argue that Gehrke and Lekakou's (2013) pseudo noun incorporation approach to P-drop cannot account for the P-drop facts in JA. I show, through different diagnostics, that the prepositionless noun in JA does not exhibit the typical properties of pseudo-incorporated nouns. Instead, I argue that P-drop in JA involves a full PP–DP structure with a silent P head (Ioannidou and den Dikken 2009, Myler 2013, Biggs 2014, Bailey 2018). The findings of this article add insights to the ongoing debate regarding the underlying mechanisms involved in P-drop.
City data ecosystems between theory and practice: A qualitative exploratory study in seven European cities
Authors: Liva Giovanni , Micheli Marina , Schade Sven , Kotsev Alexander , Gori Matteo , Codagnone Cristiano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The exponential growth of data collection opens possibilities for analyzing data to address political and societal challenges. Still, European cities are not utilizing the potential of data generated by its citizens, industries, academia, and public authorities for their public service mission. The reasons are complex and relate to an intertwined set of organizational, technological, and legal barriers, although good practices exist that could be scaled, sustained, and further developed. The article contributes to research on data-driven innovation in the public sector comparing high-level expectations on data ecosystems with actual practices of data sharing and innovation at the local and regional level. Our approach consists in triangulating the analysis of in-depth interviews with representatives of the local administrations with documents obtained from the cities. The interviews investigated the experiences and perspectives of local administrations regarding establishing a local or regional data ecosystem. The article examines experiences and obstacles to data sharing within seven administrations investigating what currently prevents the establishment of data ecosystems. The findings are summarized along three main lines. First, the limited involvement of private sector organizations as actors in local data ecosystems through emerging forms of data sharing became evident. Second, we observed the concern over technological aspects and the lack of attention on social or organizational issues. Third, a conceptual decision to apply a centralized and not a federated digital infrastructure is noteworthy.
Does Digitalization Reshape the Principle of Non-Intervention?
Authors: Willmer Lukas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile digitalization has led to renewed attention to the principle of non-intervention, not the least by Western states rediscovering the protective dimension of sovereignty, it remains plagued by a certain vagueness. Attempts by academics to fill the gaps lead to starkly different results, ranging from the insertion of democratic values to the inadvertent reinforcement of protectionist tendencies. Overall, digitalization has so far had less of an effect on the principle of non-intervention than its renewed importance may have on the type of international law more generally.
Constructing “Electronic Liability” for International Crimes: Transcending the Individual in International Criminal Law
Authors: Swart Mia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is increasingly clear that autonomous agents can commit international crimes such as torture and genocide. This article aims to construct ‘electronic liability’ for such international crimes. It will argue that it is not sufficient to hold the persons or programmers behind the autonomous agents liable, but that it should be possible to hold the autonomous agents that commit international crimes liable. It will examine ways in which legal personality can be attributed to machines and argue that if there is a continuum of potential subjects of ICL, then the argument for electronic personhood and liability of machines is as compelling as for other non-humans such as corporate entities and animals. It will be argued that the ICC will potentially only be able to meaningfully prosecute international crimes committed by autonomous agents if it is willing to accommodate strict liability and other faultless models of liability that have so far been anathema to international criminal justice.
Meta’s Oversight Board and Transnational Hybrid Adjudication—What Consequences for International Law?
Authors: Gulati Rishi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeta, formerly the Facebook Company, faces immense pressure from users, governments, and civil society to act transparently and with accountability. Responding to such calls, in 2018, it announced plans to create an independent oversight body to review content decisions. Such a forum is now in place in the form of the Oversight Board. To Meta’s credit, the speed at which the Oversight Board has been established is remarkable. Within two years, a global consultation process was completed with input obtained from users as well as experts, the regulatory infrastructure for the Oversight Board built, its members selected, and the first decisions of the Board already rendered in January 2021. With its institutional structure in place, and plenty of resources to tap into, the Oversight Board could have a real effect on how some transnational disputes are resolved. Thus, the Oversight Board may very well be setting the direction for how tech companies in particular, and multinational corporations in general, go about providing grievance mechanisms to individuals who their actions adversely affect. Through a study of the Oversight Board, this article considers whether we are witnessing the birth of a special type of “transnational hybrid adjudication” that could have a systemic impact on international law, or an experiment with limited relevance.
Exposing Fascism: The Rise of Bolsonarismo and the Naked Politics of Brazil’s First Trans Men’s Football Team
Authors: Snyder Cara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrom 2016 to 2019, the backlash in Brazil against so-called gender ideology framed gender dissidence as a reason for the country’s perceived decline, playing a central role in the rise of Bolsonarismo, a movement increasingly identified as fascist. In this gender-hostile environment, I examine Brazil’s first trans men’s soccer team, the Meninos Bons de Bola (MBB), and its use of nudity as a response to the political shift rightward and to tell a story about the precarity of minoritized groups across the Americas. The team’s changing approach to trans representation exposes the period as a watershed in Brazilian politics. The MBB’s naked protest during this time of governmental change reveals resistance to the machinations of Brazilian fascism, including censorship, backlash, and shaming. By asserting that the MBB were never just about futebol, the team uses the national sport to enact trans politics and to claim belonging beyond the bounds of normative citizenship.
Insomnia, depression and anxiety in patients urgently referred with suspicion of head and neck cancer
Authors: Mullan Thomas , Montgomery Jenny , Fleming Leanne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine differences in insomnia, depression and anxiety between ENT patients with benign and malignant conditions prior to and after an urgent suspicion of cancer appointment.MethodsOut-patients with urgent suspicion of cancer completed three psychometric questionnaires prior to their appointment and at two to four weeks post-diagnosis.ResultsThere was no significant difference in questionnaire scores between malignant and benign patients prior to the patients’ appointments (p > 0.05 for all questionnaires). In benign patients, there was significant improvement in scores for all questionnaires (p < 0.01) and in malignant patients there was significant worsening of scores for all questionnaires (p < 0.01) at follow-up appointments.ConclusionPrior to appointments, patients with benign and malignant conditions experienced similar levels of insomnia, depression and anxiety. Following diagnosis, cancer patients had significantly poorer scores, indicating worsening of these symptoms. In patients with benign diagnoses, all questionnaire scores improved, indicating resolution of their symptoms and possible association between the appointment and their baseline scores.
Wormwood, nomads’ rights, and capitalism: the birth of a chemical industry in Russian Turkestan (1870s–1914)
Authors: Penati Beatrice 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA variety of wormwood, Artemisia cina, once grew abundantly in the Syr-Darya province of Russian Turkestan. Santonin, a drug derived from it, was in high demand. Flowers harvested by Kazakhs were handed over to intermediaries to be processed in Europe, but from the 1880s entrepreneurs from different parts of the Russian empire established their own chemical plants in Chimkent and Tashkent. They pressured the Russian imperial government to restrict the rights of the Kazakhs on land where Artemisia cina grew, and grant them the exclusive right to exploit this resource. These entrepreneurs used conservationist arguments and advocated a ‘cultured’ approach to the management of natural resources located on supposedly ‘State land’. These attempts collided with the usage rights of the Kazakhs, as defined by Turkestan’s governing Statute. By shifting the argument to the political, rather than legal, level, the industrialists eventually gained a monopoly to the exclusion of local entrepreneurs and even assumed State-like functions. This article reconstructs this controversy and allows a glimpse into the evolving claims to natural resources in the ‘periphery’ by both Tsarist colonial power and the Kazakhs themselves. The article also explores the features of autochthonous and Russian entrepreneurship and situates Turkestan in a web of trade connections to the global pharmaceutical industry.