bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision analysis in bovine practice
Authors: Dohoo Ian R. 
Published: March 2023

Decision and analysis has been described as “A systematic articulation of common sense”. It represents a quantitative approach to the decision-making process and, as such, it is simply a means of enhancing, not replacing, clinical judgment. In bovine practice, decisions have to be made regularly and these decisions are often made under conditions of uncertainty. Decision analysis is a tool to help insure that appropriate decisions are made.
The technique is widely used in the business community and is rapidly gaining acceptance in the medical profession but has only recently started to find favour in veterinary medicine. One of the first examples of its use in veterinary medicine was the analysis of the use of heat mount detectors in dairy herds. Subsequently it has been used in bovine practice to evaluate time for treatment of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle and the use of metabolic and cellular profiles in beef feed lots.
Oculocutaneous hypopigmentation of Angus cattle
Authors: Cole D. , Leipold H. W. , Schalles R. 
Published: March 2023

Congenital defects are abnomalities of structure or function present at birth. They may affect only a single anatomical structure such as the eye, an entire system, parts of several systems or involve several body systems, or combine functional and structural defects (syndrome). Many different congenital defects, either of genetic, environmental, or unknown cause, or due to environmentalgenetic interaction have been identified in cattle and other food producing animals and many more undoubtedly exist. Defects range from blemish to severe anomalies and may be manifested by embryonic mortality, fetal death, mummification, abortion, dysmaturity, premature birth, fullterm stillbirth, or nonviable or viable neonate. With increasing use of modern technology such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer in domestic animals, defects no longer are rare; all are important.
The majority of studies of pigmentation defects have taken place in the mouse. Since it is easy to handle, has low maintenance cost, and can produce a large number of generations in a short period of time, it is particularly suited for this research. Studies involving cattle necessarily take more time and money. This paper presents clinical, clinipathologic, gross, microscopic and electron microscopic studies of oculocutaneous hypopigmentation in Angus cattle.
Effect of Anti-Prostaglandin Therapy in an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced in Experimental Cattle by the Oral Administration of 3, Methylindole
Authors: Selman I. E. , Allen E. M. , Gibbs H. A. , Wiseman A. , Dalgleish R. , Young W. B. 
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the Xlllth World Congress on Cattle Diseases, Durban, S. Africa, Sept. 17-21, 1984. Ten yearling Friesian steers were given 0.1 g/kg 3MI by stomach tube. The respiratory distress syndrome that subsequently arose was alleviated by the administration of flunixin meglumine. After seven days there were still distinct clinical differences between test and control cattle. The initial therapeutic response was probably due to a reduction in the severity of pulmonary congestion and oedema; the latter benefits were probably due to the differences between test and control steers in the extent and severity of alveolar epithelial hyperplasia.
A Refined Hydrogeologic Framework Model for Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas
Authors: Thomas Jonathan Van , Teeple Andrew P. , Payne Jason D. , Ikard Scott J. 
Published: March 2023

Declining groundwater levels in Gaines, Yoakum, and Terry counties in the Southern High Plains have raised concerns about the amount of available groundwater and the potential for water-quality changes resulting from dewatering and increased vertical groundwater movement between adjacent water-bearing hydrogeologic units. More than 11,500 well records containing pertinent data were compiled, including data delineating the vertical extents of wells penetrating one or more of the units. Additional geophysical data were collected to improve the spatial coverage of available data across the study area and to reduce uncertainty regarding hydrogeologic unit extents. Across the study area, the average altitude of the base of the Ogallala Aquifer was approximately 1.7 feet lower compared to previous assessments of the altitude of the base of the aquifer, resulting in an increase in the saturated thickness by the same amount. Some of the largest increases in the altitude of the base of the Ogallala Aquifer were observed in central and east-central Gaines County where the units that compose the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer thin at approximately 136 feet and the largest decreases in altitudes are in Yoakum County at around 185 feet. Both the thickest and thinnest part of the Ogallala Aquifer is in Gaines County at just over 300 feet in west Gaines County and around 20 feet in northeast Gaines County.

Citation: Thomas JV, Teeple AP, Payne JD, Ikard SJ. 2019. A refined hydrogeologic framework model for Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum counties, Texas. Texas Water Journal. 10(1):1-21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v10i1.7082.
Best Management Practices for Firefighting in the Karstic Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer of South-Central Texas
Authors: Schindel Geary M , Rosen Rudolph A 
Published: March 2023

Karst aquifers are highly vulnerable to hazardous contaminants and pollution that can rapidly harm drinking water supplies. This paper presents tools and best management practices designed to enable first responders to protect karst watersheds and important aquifer drinking water supplies from potentially catastrophic hazardous and polluting materials that can enter the aquifer in water or other liquids runoff from firefighting and other response to emergencies, including ordinary accidental fire and fire caused by arson, terrorist attack, flood, high wind, lightening, and explosion in structures and along transportation corridors.
Received 2 February 2020, Accepted 10 October 2020, Published online 1 February 2021.
Citation: Schindel GM, Rosen RA. 2021. Best management practices for firefighting in the karstic Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer of south-central Texas. Texas Water Journal. 12(1):1-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v12i1.7110.
Estimating E. coli and Enterococcus loads in a coastal Texas watershed
Authors: Borel Kyna , Karthikeyan R. , Berthold Troy Allen , Wagner Kevin 
Published: March 2023

Pathogens are the principal cause of water body impairment for 303(d) listed waters in Texas and across the United States with 10,654 impairments nationally (TCEQ 2012; USEPA 2013). In Texas, 45% of 568 total impairments are caused by elevated bacteria levels (TCEQ 2012). Models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) have been used for assessing bacterial sources and loading. Other simplistic microbial models, such as the Potential Nonpoint Pollution Index (PNPI), Spatially Explicit Delivery MODel (SEDMOD), and Spatially Explicit Load Enrichment Calculation Tool (SELECT), have been developed to rank potential pollution impacts from nonpoint sources and identify critical areas primarily using land use and geomorphology.

Citation: Borel K, Karthikeyan R, Berthold TA, Wagner K. 2014. Estimating E. coli and Enterococcus loads in a coastal Texas watershed. Texas Water Journal. 6(1):33-44. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v6i1.7008.
Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran
Authors: Niknejad Hadi , Ala Alireza , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Mahmoodi Hamed , Saeedi Reza , Gholami-Borujeni Fathollah , Abtahi Mehrnoosh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The daily intake of trace elements through water resources and their adverse health effects is a critical issue. The purpose of this research was to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran. The concentrations of the trace elements in a total number of 66 samples from the groundwater sources were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The hazard index (HI) levels of exposure to the trace elements from the groundwater sources for adults, teenagers, and children were 0.65, 0.83, and 1.08, respectively. The carcinogenic risk values of Cr and As in the groundwater sources for children, teenagers, and adults were 0.0001, 0.00009, 0.00007, 0.0003, 0.0002, and 0.0001, respectively, causing a total carcinogenic risk value higher than the acceptable range, and removing Cr and As from the groundwater resources is recommended for safe community water supply.
The high cost of water for Mexico's poorest households
Authors: Revollo-Fernández Daniel Alfredo , Rodríguez-Tapia Lilia , Medina-Rivas Carolina Massiel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study was aimed at analyzing how access to piped and other sources of water is related to the costs incurred by households to access water sources, while also considering income deciles in the analysis. The analysis shows a significant difference in access to water between low-income and high-income households, as well as the impact that this can have in terms of low-income households spending more to gain access to different sources of water. This microlevel analysis demonstrates that the design of public policies for the provision of public services, in this case, access to water, should include a diversified socio-economic component.
Recent advances in spinel ferrite-based magnetic photocatalysts for efficient degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Wu Qiong , Song Youtao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although spinel ferrite (MFe2O4, M = Zn, Ni, Mn, etc.) has been reported as a promising catalyst, its low photocatalytic activity under visible light greatly restricts its practical application. Spinel ferrite-based photocatalytic composites have exhibited improved efficiency for pollutant degradation, due to interface charge carrier mobility and structural modification. Meanwhile, due to its magnetism and stability, spinel ferrite composite can be easily recycled for long-term utilization, showing its high application potential. In this review, the recent advances in the construction and photocatalytic degradation of spinel ferrite composites are discussed, with an emphasis on the relationship between structural property and photocatalytic activity. In addition, to improve their photocatalytic application, the challenges, gaps and future research prospects are proposed.
ORF7a Palsies Macrophage to Worsen Diabetes by SMB/BPI/ABC
Domains and PARP/Cap/Cyclin Enzyme System
Authors: Liu Wenzhong , Li Hualan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Such factors as diabetes and obesity can dramatically worsen COVID-19
symptoms. In addition, macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue is related to obesity. Therefore,
macrophages play a significant role in raising COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in diabetes and
obese patients.

Methods:
In this study, the functional impact of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a on macrophages was analyzed
using a domain-searching bioinformatics technique. Ca2+ binding domain, kinase and phosphatase,
SMB/SRCR, LBP/BPI/CETP, ABC, TIR,PARP, Flavivirus Cap enzyme, Cyclin, and other domains
have been identified in SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a. ORF7a binds to oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
particles by the macrophage receptor-like domains such as SMB/SRCR and enters macrophages
via macropinocytosis. Then, ORF7a prevents 18 S rRNA maturation and adds flavivirus cap
0/1/2 to mRNA to interfere with transcription and translation via PARP, Flavivirus Cap enzyme, and
other associated domains.

Results:
ORF7a activates and promotes G2/M phase transition via cyclin-related enzymatic activity
domains.

Conclusion:
The destructive activity of ORF7a hijacks the nitric oxide release pathway of macrophages
and promotes macrophage death, enabling the virus to elude the innate immune system and
aggravate diabetes-related problems in patients.
The Outcome of Critical-phase COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Mozdourian Mahnaz , Khodashahi Rozita , Aliakbarian Mohsen 
Published: March 2023

Background:Considering the importance of assessing solid organ transplants, infected individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the lack of information in this regard, this descriptive study aimed to investigate the clinical features, immunosuppressive agents, and out-comes of liver transplant recipients in the critical phase of infection with COVID-19.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 12 critically ill liver transplant recipients referred to Imam Reza and Montaseriyeh hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, within 2020-21. The required data, including demographic and clinical information, were gathered and recorded in a checklist, and the correlations between varia-bles were assessed in SPSS software (version 24).Results:Hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were reported in 83.3% (n = 10), 58.3% (n = 7), and 41.6% (n = 5) of patients, respectively. The administration of Mycophenolic ac-id was correlated with conjunctivitis (r = -0.67; P = 0.02), weakness (r = 0.77; P = 0.006), and sore throat (r = -0.67; P = 0.02). Ground glass opacity was reported in all patients, which was along with consolidation in 90.9% of the cases, and acute pulmonary embolism was found in 36.3% of the sub-jects. Finally, 66.7% (n = 8) of patients passed away. Among immunosuppressive agents, only the use of Mycophenolic acid was correlated with the outcome (r = -0.77; P = 0.006).Conclusion:Due to the high rate of mortality among liver transplant recipients in the critical phase of COVID-19, earlier and more aggressive treatment with antiviral and antibacterial agents should be performed in this group of patients.
Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support: Left, Right, and Biventricular Devices
Authors: Loebe Matthias , Dangl Michael , Albosta Michael , Butros Hoda 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:Temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) encompasses a wide array of invasive devices, which provide short-term hemodynamic support for multiple clinical indications. Although initially developed for the management of cardiogenic shock, indications for MCS have expanded to include prophylactic insertion prior to high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention, treatment of acute circulatory failure following cardiac surgery, and bridging of end-stage heart failure patients to more definitive therapies, such as left ventricular assist devices and cardiac transplantation. A wide variety of devices are available to provide left ventricular, right ventricular, or biventricular support. The choice of a temporary MCS device requires consideration of the clinical scenario, patient characteristics, institution protocols, and provider familiarity and training. In this review, the most common forms of left, right, and biventricular temporary MCS are discussed, along with their indications, contraindications, complications, cannulations, hemodynamic effects, and available clinical data.
Development of the Emoji Faces Pain Scale and Its Validation on Mobile Devices in Adult Surgery Patients: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Li Lili , Wu Sicheng , Wang Jian , Wang Chunchun , Zuo Weixin , Yu Liping , Song Jiangang 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMeasuring pain on digital devices using classic unidimensional pain scales such as the visual analog scale (VAS), numerical rating scale (NRS), and faces pain scale (FPS) has been proven to be reliable and valid. Emoji are pictographs designed in colorful form following the Unicode standard. It could be more beneficial to use emoji as faces of FPS on digital devices because emoji can easily fit on most devices and emoji are open-source so no approval would be needed before use. With a concise and user-friendly design, the emoji faces pain scale (Emoji-FPS) might be more generalizable to a wider population and more preferred by digital device users.ObjectiveThis study was designed to develop an Emoji-FPS as well as to evaluate its reliability, validity, and preference on mobile devices in adult patients who underwent surgery.MethodsA modified Delphi technique with 2 rounds of web-based surveys was applied to obtain panelists’ consensus on the sequence of emoji that can best represent 6 levels of pain. The initial candidate sequences of emoji for the Delphi process were constructed referring to 2 well-validated FPSs (Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale [Wong-Baker FACES] and faces pain scale-revised [FPS-R]). Then, a prospective cohort of patients scheduled to receive perianal surgery was recruited and asked to complete a web-based questionnaire on a mobile device at 5 time points (before surgery [T1], wake up after surgery [T2], 4 hours after surgery [T3], the second day after surgery [T4], and 15 minutes after T4 [T5]). The 4 well-validated pain scales (NRS, VAS, Wong-Baker FACES, and FPS-R) were used as reference scales.ResultsAfter 2 rounds of surveys on 40 Delphi panelists, an Emoji-FPS was finally determined to represent 6 pain levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) from “no hurt” to “hurts worst.” For validation, 300 patients were recruited and 299 were analyzed, the mean age of whom was 38.5 (SD 10.5) years, and 106 (35.5%) were women. For concurrent validity, the Emoji-FPS was highly correlated with 4 reference scales with Spearman correlation coefficient ρ ranging from 0.91 to 0.95. Excellent agreements were observed between 4 versions of Emoji-FPS (iOS, Android, Microsoft, and OpenMoji), with weighted κ coefficients ranging from 0.96 to 0.97. For discriminant validity, patients’ mean preoperative Emoji-FPS score (T1) was significantly higher than their postoperative Emoji-FPS score (T4) with a difference of 1.4 (95% CI 1.3-1.6; P<.001). For test-retest reliability, Emoji-FPS scores measured at T4 and T5 were highly correlated with a ρ of 0.91. The Emoji-FPS was mostly preferred, followed by the Wong-Baker FACES, FPS-R, NRS, and VAS.ConclusionsThe Emoji-FPS is reliable and valid compared with traditional pain scales in adult surgery patients.
KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS IN EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION, SA’ADAH, YEMEN
Authors: Qeran Mohammed Ali , Habour Ali Ba baker Ali , Hassan Ehsan Hassab Elrasoul 
Published: March 2023

Background: After achieving high vaccination coverage, vaccine failure may occur. The sufficient knowledge of the workers in the expanded program of immunization (EPI) is one of the factors that affect in preventing this failure. In Saada, Yemen, there is no information about the knowledge of workers in the EPI. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of those in charge of immunization in Sa’adah, Yemen.
Method: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed to assess healthcare providers (HCPs) knowledge regarding EPI. It was conducted on 60 HCPs in 60 H.F of 11 districts in Sa’adah Governorate, Yemen during 1 June – 30 July 2019. Appropriate interviewing pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from HCPs working in EPI. It includes the following: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about; cold chain and the method and time of administration of the vaccine and shake test. Face to face interview used to collect information. Data entering and cleaning were done using Microsoft Excel 2019 and exported to SPSS version 26, p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Differences in samples means were evaluated by chi-square test.
Results: Age is one of the determining factors for knowledge of cold chain management (FET=0.040*), and the total knowledge score for of HCPs was (26.7%, 65%, and 8.3%) for good, fair, and poor knowledge, respectively.
Conclusion: Only twenty-six-point seven of HCPs had a good knowledge score. Constant technical support and on job training to improve the HCPs knowledge about immunization are extremely recommended.

Peer Review History:
Received: 20 December 2022; Revised: 5 February 2023; Accepted: 3 March, Available online: 15 March 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com
Dr. Olanrewaju Rita-Marie Awotona, Legacy University, Banjul , The Gambia, olanrewajuadegbola@gmail.com
Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, rola@aauj.edu
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Novel Once-Weekly Basal Insulin Fc Achieved Similar Glycemic Control With a Safety Profile Comparable to Insulin Degludec in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kazda Christof M. , Bue-Valleskey Juliana M. , Chien Jenny , Zhang Qianyi , Chigutsa Emmanuel , Landschulz William , Wullenweber Paula , Haupt Axel , Dahl Dominik 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Basal Insulin Fc (BIF; insulin efsitora alfa; LY3209590), a fusion protein combining a novel single-chain insulin variant with a human IgG Fc domain, is designed for once-weekly basal insulin administration. This phase 2 study assessed safety and efficacy of BIF versus degludec in 265 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using multiple daily injections.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
During this randomized, parallel, open-label study, patients with T1D were randomized (1:1) to receive BIF once weekly or degludec once daily over the 26-week treatment period. Both groups were titrated to a fasting glucose level of 80–100 mg/dL. The primary end point was HbA1c change from baseline to week 26 (noninferiority margin, 0.4%). Secondary end points included percent time in range (TIR) (70–180 mg/dL), continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) fasting glucose (FG) level, and rate of hypoglycemia.

RESULTS
After 26 weeks, patients receiving BIF had noninferior HbA1c change from baseline versus those receiving degludec, with a statistically significant treatment difference of 0.17% (90% CI 0.01, 0.32; P = 0.07) favoring the comparator. Percent TIR was similar for patients in the BIF (56.1%) and degludec (58.9%; P = 0.112) groups at week 26. FG values were significantly higher for patients receiving BIF (158.8 mg/dL) versus degludec (143.2 mg/dL; P = 0.003). Rates of CGM-derived hypoglycemia were not statistically significantly different for BIF and degludec over 24 h for level 1 (P = 0.960) or level 2 (P = 0.517) hypoglycemia during the treatment period. Occurrence of serious adverse events was similar between the BIF and degludec groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Once-weekly BIF demonstrated noninferior glycemic control to once-daily degludec (treatment difference: 0.17% favoring degludec) and no difference in hypoglycemia or other safety findings in patients with T1D.