bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Comorbidity Profiles of Younger (65‐80 years of age) vs Older (90+ years) Individuals With or Without Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Peroutka Stephen J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRDs) patients have a well‐established increase in comorbid disorders compared to non‐cognitively impaired aged‐matched controls. Since ADRDs are considered age‐related disorders, it was hypothesized that younger ADRD patients should have a lower incidence of comorbid disorders than older ADRD patients.MethodFour patient cohorts were defined in the TriNetX Analytics Network database (comprised of anonymized healthcare records from >150 million patients who have received care at 80+ health care organizations in the United States). Cohort #1 was comprised of individuals, aged 90 and above, who had a healthcare visit within the past 3 years and who had received a diagnosis of AD (ICD‐10 Code G.30) or unspecified dementia (ICD‐10 Code F.02). Cohort #2 had the same criteria except that the patients were aged 65‐80 years. Cohorts #3 and #4 matched Cohorts #1 and #2, respectively, except that they had not received an ADRD diagnosis.ResultDiagnostic code data on the incidence of the 22 major subgroups in the ICD‐10 Coding system are provided in Table 1. As expected, the Cohort #1 90+ year old ADRD patients had a significantly higher incidence of comorbid disorders in nearly all ICD‐10 categories compared to Cohort #3 non‐ADRD 90+ year olds (shown graphically in Figure 1A). Similarly, Cohort #2 65‐80 year‐old ADRD patients had a significantly higher incidence of comorbid disorders compared to Cohort #4 non‐ADRD 65‐80 year‐olds (Figure 1B). However, despite the significant age difference between 65‐80 and 90+ year‐old cohorts, there were minimal comorbidity differences between the younger and older cohorts with ADRDs (Figure 1C) and without ADRDs (Figure 1D).ConclusionThe major finding of the present study is that the well‐documented increased incidence of comordid organ dysfunction in ADRDs appears similar in younger and older ADRD patients. These data indicate that a diagnosis of ADRD is associated with coincident multi‐organ dysfunction in a pattern that is nearly identical across ADRD age groups. These data suggest that the cognitive impairment associated with ADRDs is a single component of a multi‐organ senescense syndrome, characterized by symptoms of widespread and concurrent organ dysfunction.
How can we facilitate adoption and scale for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease? Insights from implementing a community‐based screening program using cognitive assessments and RetiSpec screening in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Cohen Sharon , Giordano Jennifer , Kurzman Alissa , Hansen Amelia , Martinez Michelle , Sohbati Negar , Abdulla Naeem , Cameron Colette , Estreicher Shmuel , Semwel Sangeeta , Shaked Eliav , Bornbaum Catherine C 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundA critical need to increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) screening exists given rising incidence, new disease‐modifying treatments, and ill‐equipped primary care settings. This study assessed the feasibility of a novel, community‐based AD screening program to increase cognitive and retinal‐based assessments.MethodsAn observational study, supported by the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative, assessed the utility of leveraging community‐based settings to increase rates of cognitive assessment (conducted by Alzheimer Society (AS) social workers [SWs]) and RetiSpec’s AI‐based eye test in optometry settings to detect biologic signatures of AD (plus participant survey). Eligible participants were adults aged ≥55 years with self‐reported memory concerns. Primary and secondary endpoints were to increase cognitive assessment rates and have 10% of assessments originate from optometry, respectively. A utilization‐focused evaluation explored risks, benefits, facilitators, and barriers to these settings from frontline providers’ perspectives.ResultsN = 916 individuals were screened (60.2% from optometry) with N = 134 participants enrolled (age: 74.3 years±7.0; 63.7% female; 39.5% minority groups). N = 124 participants received cognitive assessments: 118 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (mean score: 24.7±3.7), 124 Boston Naming Test (13.3±2.0), 6 Mini‐Mental State Exam (18.7±5.7) and 6 Clock Drawing Test (1.2±1.2). N = 120 participants discussed their results with a clinician (37.9% with the NP). N = 25 dementia specialist referrals were made, N = 52 received an AD‐related diagnosis, along with medication prescription (N = 5), further medical investigation (N = 30) and clinical monitoring (N = 27). N = 99 underwent a RetiSpec scan (N = 65 predicted positive). Surveys (N = 71) demonstrated a positive scan experience (4.2±1.3/5) and unanimous interest in sharing results with a PCP (5.0±0.0/5). Endpoint 1 was met with 13.8 assessments/month completed versus 1.8/month in the pre‐study period. Endpoint 2 was met with 29.0% of assessments originating from optometry.Evaluation findings indicate that screening programs should consider: promoting brain health awareness in community settings; utilizing clinicians with AD training for screening and follow‐up activities; leveraging optometry clinics and AS’s to enable broad access to screening; and adopting technology that leverages existing infrastructure (i.e., RetiSpec’s eye test) to enable scalable increases to AD screening.ConclusionsUtilizing community‐based settings, including optometry clinics for RetiSpec screening and AS SWs for cognitive screening, led to meaningful improvements in early detection and subsequent medical care.
Mobile Early Detection Memory Screening in the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Mahakian Jane , Megerdichian Arina , Jivalagian Pateel , Novakovic – Agopian Tatjana , Moughamian Armen , Monin Joan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe Republic of Armenia is a post‐Soviet, low‐ and middle‐income country (LMIC) in the south Caucasus region with a steadily increasing aging population. The goal of this study was to provide the first look into the national cognitive health in Armenia, considering the growing burden of cognitive impairment (CI) and widespread lack of public awareness about dementia. As a component of the early detection memory screening program launched by Alzheimer’s Care Armenia’s Brain Health Project and funded through Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative (DAC), this study aimed to understand the prevalence of CI and associated factors across the adult population.MethodsUtilizing a mobile clinic, a sample of 4,066 adults (aged 25‐94) were screened for cognitive impairment across 8 urban and rural provinces in Armenia. Participants completed a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening test and Health Characteristic Questionnaire including items about health behaviors and chronic health conditions. Statistical analyses were used to investigate demographic trends of CI and test for significant associations.ResultsMoCA scores indicated the following cognitive levels in this population: 71.2% normal cognition, 23.7% mild cognitive impairment, 4.2% moderate cognitive impairment, and 0.8% severe cognitive impairment. The most prevalent chronic conditions included history of COVID, hypertension, history of depression, and history of heart disease (Table 1). The most common health behavior was poor sleep quality (Table 2). All health behaviors and chronic health conditions were significantly associated with CI. The sample consisted of mostly women (81.5%), individuals with 12 or less years of education, higher BMI levels, and those living in rural areas, which may present potential limitations.ConclusionFindings reveal lifestyle and environmental exposures relevant to CI and highlight the possible influence of behavioral and cultural factors on dementia development. As the first study to investigate the prevalence of CI and associated factors in Armenia, this research lays the foundations for understanding unmet needs for cognitive health, guiding future policy, and establishing sustainable health infrastructure in similar post‐Soviet, LMIC. Future research should be aimed at further investigating which risk factors are predictive of cognitive status and dementia development in the region.
Neighborhood economic segregation and cognitive decline among midlife women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Hyun Jinshil , Derby Carol A. , Appelhans Bradley M. , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Thurston Rebecca C , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie A. , Hedderson Monique , Janssen Imke , Schiff Mary D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundNeighborhood context includes conditions of the environment where people spend their time (e.g., work, play, seek health care) and it may affect residents’ cognitive health. Prior studies have documented that lower neighborhood‐level socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with cognitive impairment and with risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). However, most prior studies assessed neighborhood SES within administrative boundaries (e.g., census tract) without considering the distribution of SES among adjacent neighborhood areas (i.e., spatial segregation). The present study aims to investigate whether spatial segregation of neighborhood SES is associated with longitudinal cognitive decline among women over midlife.MethodIn the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), we examined effects of neighborhood economic segregation on levels and rates of cognitive decline in processing speed, working memory, and verbal episodic memory (N = 941; age at cognitive baseline 49‐60 years; mean follow‐up 9.1±4.3 years; 46% non‐Hispanic White, 24% Black, 12% Chinese, 18% Japanese). To assess neighborhood economic segregation, we used census tract poverty data (i.e., 150% below the federal poverty limit) based on participant’s residential address and local spatial statistics and identified hot spots (high concentrated poverty areas) and cold spots (low concentrated poverty areas). Covariates were baseline age, race/ethnicity, education, study site, and time‐varying financial strain, smoking, alcohol use, and menopause status.ResultWomen living in hot spots showed worse working memory at baseline and more rapid decline in episodic memory over time relative to those living in cold spots (Table 1). The significant effects persisted after controlling for absolute neighborhood poverty level within each census tract.ConclusionMidlife women residing in economically segregated areas experienced more rapid decline in episodic memory over an average of 9 years. Living in more socioeconomically segregated areas may impact individuals’ health‐related behaviors, use of medical facilities, psychosocial states, and availability of community social capital, which are all important risk/protective factors for cognitive impairment and ADRD. Future studies need to consider spatial associations among neighborhood areas to better characterize neighborhood environments influencing individuals’ cognitive health and should investigate individual and contextual mechanisms that underlie the observed associations.
Development Of Multiplexed Electroanalytical Biosensing Platforms For The Clinical Diagnosis Of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Montero‐Calle Ana , Garranzo‐Asensio Maria , Valverde Alejandro , Segundo‐Acosta Pablo San , Povedano Eloy , Torrente Rebeca M. Rodríguez , Vázquez Mónica , Mas Vicente , Campuzano Susana , Barderas Rodrigo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. New approaches to study AD are still needed to identify and validate blood‐based diagnostic biomarkers that could be useful for its early diagnosis. Circulating autoantibodies (AAbs) and their target proteins (autoantigens) are promising candidate biomarkers to aid in AD early diagnosis. Thus, our objective was to validate here the potential of electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of AD based on the measurement of plasma autoantibodies previously described as specific of AD.MethodsAn immunoplatform based on the use of Halo‐MBs (magnetic beads) modified with validated AD autoantigens (previously identified by phage microarrays, immunoprecipitation, or planar protein‐epitope signature tag (PrEST) arrays, or as aberrant AD proteins) was developed. AD autoantigens were cloned and expressed in mammalian cells as HaloTag fusion peptides or proteins. The oriented covalent immobilization of the HaloTag peptides or proteins to the surface of the MBs allowed for the efficient and selective capture of the corresponding AAbs from plasma samples. Then, signal was developed by amperometric transduction on disposable electrodes using the H2O2/HQ (hydroquinone) system after enzymatic labelling of the captured human IgGs with an HRP‐conjugated secondary antibody.ResultsWith the developed methodology, plasma autoantibodies against two aberrant AD‐associated peptides, four peptide autoantigens identified by Phage Microarrays, and three full‐length AD autoantigens identified by multiomics analyses were used to construct the first multiplexed bioplatform described to date, based on the use of this type of receptors expressed in mammalian cells, to evaluate its potential for AD diagnosis by targeting their associated autoantibodies. After optimization of key variables in the development of the multiplexed biosensing bioplatform, its analytical operational characteristics demonstrated a highly significant clinical diagnostic potential in a single test.ConclusionsOur results suggest the possibility of reliably and minimally invasive diagnose AD by using amperometric biosensing platforms detecting AD plasma autoantibodies against specific autoantigens with a high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, these multiplexed bioplatforms could be used as point‐of‐care (POC) devices for the clinical diagnosis of AD by liquid biopsy and in less than 90 minutes.
The Impact of Later‐Life Education on Trajectories of Cognitive Functionamong U.S. Older Adults
Authors: Wang Nan , Dhingra Radha , Xian Ying , McConnell Eleanor S , Wu Bei , Dupre Matthew E. , Xu Hanzhang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about how education in later life is related to cognitive function in older adults. This study assessed whether participating in later‐life education was associated with better cognitive function over time and whether the benefits differed by sex, race/ethnicity, and prior education level in a nationally‐representative sample of U.S. older adults.MethodWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using six waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study ([HRS] 2008‐2018) that included adults aged ≥ 65 years with no baseline diagnosis of dementia. Cognitive function was measured at baseline and over time using a summary score (range = 0‐35). Later‐life education was measured at every wave and was categorized as attended an educational or training course “at least once a month or more” (10.3%), “not in the last month” (45.5%), or “never” (44.3%). Inverse probability weighting was applied to account for potential selection bias in who participated in later‐life education. The associations between later‐life education and trajectories of cognitive function were estimated using weighted mixed‐effects linear regression models.ResultOf the 12,099 participants (median [interquartile range] age, 71[67‐77]), engaging in any later‐life education, either at least once a month (0.56 points higher, 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.73; P < .001) or not in the last month (0.55 points higher, 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.65; P < .001) was associated with significantly better cognitive function over time compared to never participating in later‐life education. The association remained constant as people aged and was only partially attenuated after adjusting for sociodemographic, psychosocial, behavioral, and health‐related factors. In addition, the benefits of engaging in any later‐life education on cognitive function were greater in women than in men (at least once a month: 0.30 points higher, 95% CI, ‐0.03 to 0.63, P = .076, not in the last month: 0.24 points higher, 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.43, P = .016) but no significant differences by race/ethnicity or prior educational attainment.ConclusionEngaging in later‐life education is beneficial for cognitive function and underscores the importance of continued learning among older adults.
Alzheimer’s disease mortality among Middle Eastern and North African immigrants in the United States
Authors: Kindratt Tiffany B , Amuta Ann O 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMiddle Eastern and North Africa (MENA) adults living in the US experience a higher burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to White adults. AD mortality among MENA adults has not been examined. The gap in the literature is because MENA individuals in the US are defined as part of the White race group despite there being differences in health outcomes and lived experiences between MENA and White populations with European origins. Their health also differs from other minoritized immigrant groups, specifically Black African immigrants. The aim of this study is to estimate AD mortality among foreign‐born MENA adults compared to US‐ and foreign‐born White and Black adults.MethodsData from publicly available 2000‐2018 National Health Interview Survey and National Death Index Linked Mortality Files through 2019 were analyzed (ages 18+ years). The sample was limited to foreign‐born MENA and US‐ and foreign‐born White and Black adults with a final mortality status captured (n = 763,803). The sample comprised 608,889 US‐born White, 125,803 US‐born Black, 18,751 foreign‐born White from Europe/Russia, 5,172 foreign‐born MENA, and 5,188 foreign‐born Black African adults. All‐cause mortality (%, per 100,000 persons) and AD‐specific underlying cause of death mortality rates (%) were calculated.ResultAll‐cause mortality rate for foreign‐born MENA adults was 5.2%. This was higher than foreign‐born Black (2.3%) but lower than foreign‐born White (13.0%), US‐born Black (12.9%), and US‐born White (13.6%) adults. All‐cause mortality (per 100,000 persons) was highest among US‐born White (13,630) and lowest among foreign‐born MENA (5,240) and Black (2,332) adults. AD was the sixth highest underlying cause of death (4.1%) among MENA immigrants. AD‐specific mortality was similar to foreign‐born White (4.1%) and higher than US‐born White (3.5%) and Black (2.3%) adults.ConclusionFindings suggest that foreign‐born MENA adults in the US have a greater burden of AD as an underlying cause of mortality compared to US‐born White and Black adults. In January 2023, the US federal government proposed changes to how race/ethnicity is collected. The new categories include a MENA checkbox to disaggregate this group from White individuals. Our study aligns with the proposed changes to better capture mortality burdens among this minoritized population.
Integrating NACC UDSv3 into non AD/ADRD Cohorts: The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study in Alzheimer’s Diseases and Related Dementias (DPPOS)‐AD/ADRD Project Experience
Authors: Doherty Lindsay , Luchsinger Jose A. , Temprosa Marinella , Nadkarni Neelesh K. , Goldberg Terry E. , Sherif Hanna , Bowers Anna , Martinez Dianilka , Febres Gerardo J , Sanchez Danurys , Noble James M. ,   Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a randomized trial for prevention of diabetes in adults with prediabetes (PreD). The DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS) is the long‐term epidemiological follow‐up of this cohort, studied continuously for over 25 years. DPPOS Phase 4 (DPPOS‐AD/ADRD) began in 2022, with a primary focus on the nature and determinants of cognitive impairment in the surviving cohort.In coordination with the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC), DPPOS‐AD/ADRD is implementing their Uniform Data Set version 3 (UDSv3), the gold standard used by Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRCs), into DPPOS‐AD/ADRD data collection. Additional cognitive exams and screenings administered as part of the DPPOS for the past 14 years are also continuing in DPPOS‐AD/ADRD. As part of the collaboration, DPPOS‐AD/ADRD will send all UDSv3 data to NACC to be compiled with data from other AD/ADRD‐related studies.We aimed to merge the UDSv3 elements into the existing longitudinal DPPOS data collection schema, while maintaining full fidelity to the UDSv3, and generate reports for streamlined outcomes adjudication.MethodsItems from the 16 UDSv3 data forms were compared with those from the forms already collected within DPPOS to harmonize similar items, add UDSv3 items not already collected, and ultimately create a dataset uniform with UDSv3. Forms were adapted for electronic data capture (EDC) using the already‐established and validated platform used for DPPOS data collection.Automated reports were developed, compiling both current and retrospective neuropsychological scores, to facilitate streamlined adjudication of cognitive outcomes.ResultsItems from UDSv3 were either harmonized with or added to existing DPPOS forms or used for DPPOS‐AD/ADRD in their original form from UDSv3.Reports for cognitive adjudication display both current and retrospective cognitive data (Figure 1). These reports show scoring trends for repeated assessments over time, adjusted scoring percentiles which are color‐coded according to performance, and interpretations of questionnaire and screening assessment scores. Of approximately 3000 total cognitive adjudications expected, 81 have been initiated and are underway.ConclusionsThe DPPOS‐AD/ADRD project has demonstrated that the UDSv3 can be integrated into established, long‐term studies. The DPPOS‐AD/ADRD project can share best practices for other cohorts seeking to add the NACC‐UDSv3 forms.