bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Genomic Data with Deep Learning for Personalized Cancer Treatment
Authors: Shukla Tanmay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Cancer remains a significant global health burden, with its heterogeneous genetic and molecular etiology complicating effective treatment. Precision medicine introduces a transformative paradigm by leveraging patients’ genomic profiles to improve individualized treatment response predictions and optimize therapeutic strategies. Integrating genomic data with deep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising approach to advancing personalized cancer care. DL’s capacity to process high-dimensional datasets, uncover intricate patterns, and predict actionable outcomes makes it a potent tool in oncology. This review explores DL’s applications in genomic data analysis for cancer treatment, focusing on biomarker discovery, drug response prediction, and multi-omics integration. Challenges, including data heterogeneity, interpretability, and ethical considerations, are critically examined. A proposed framework for integrating multi-modal data highlights its potential to enhance clinical decision-making. This study underscores the significant promise of DL in reshaping cancer treatment paradigms, emphasizing the importance of robust validation in real-world settings.
Efficacy of FLT3 Inhibitors in Patients with FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Unfit for Intensive Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Fero Henri , Faccin Ester , Mera Erilda , Trako Kristi , Gjika Frenki , Joshi Dhruvi , Alabbas Fahad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
FLT3 inhibitors have demonstrated increased efficacy in patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, their effects on patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy remain undefined. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FLT3 inhibitors in AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy.
Methods:
A systematic search was conducted between October 2024 and December 2024 across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central. Studies included patients with AML who were unfit for intensive chemotherapy, treated with FLT3 inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with low-intensity regimens, compared to standard low-intensity chemotherapy regimens. The primary outcome was the OS, defined as the proportion of patients alive at a specified time after treatment initiation or diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed under a random effects model using Review Manager 8.11.0. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics.
Results:
745 patients from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. FLT3 inhibitors were used in 421 (56.51%) AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. Among the six studies, one reported quizartinib combined with low-dose cytarabine, two reported gilteritinib monotherapy, one reported gilteritinib with azacitidine, one reported quizartinib monotherapy, and one reported decitabine with midostaurin. Follow-up ranged from 6.5 to 48 months.
FLT3 inhibitors significantly improved OS (HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.35–0.78, P = 0.001; I² = 51%) compared to standard chemotherapy. However, the risk of grade ≥3 adverse events (RR 1.42; 95% CI 1.03–1.96, P = 0.03; I² = 0%) and QT interval prolongation (RR 3.49; 95% CI 1.43–8.51, P = 0.006; I² = 0%) was significantly higher in the FLT3 inhibitors group.
Conclusion:
FLT3 inhibitors, used either as monotherapy or in combination with low-intensity chemotherapy, improve OS in FLT3-mutated AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. However, the increased risk of grade ≥3 adverse events and QT interval prolongation warrants careful monitoring in clinical practice.
Evidence of Anlotinib as First- or Second-line Monotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Clinical Role of α-fetoprotein: a Multicenter Retrospective Study in China
Authors: Yin Yanjiang , Xu Bowen , Chang Jianping , Li Zhiyu , Bi Xinyu , Wei Zhicheng , Che Xu , Cai Jianqiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background Anlotinib, a novel multi-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been investigated in a variety of malignant tumors. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib as first- or second-line therapy for advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to identify early predictors for disease control.Methods This multicenter retrospective study included 158 patients with advanced HCC. 54 patients received anlotinib and 104 patients received sorafenib. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment response were compared. Subgroup analyses and biomarker evaluations were also conducted.Results The anlotinib group demonstrated significantly longer OS (16.0 months) compared to sorafenib (14.0 months; HR: 1.779; P = 0.002), while PFS was similar (5.0 vs.4.0 months; HR: 1.217; P = 0.251). Drug-related adverse effects were comparable between groups, with no new safety concerns. Subgroup analyses revealed significant benefits of anlotinib in patients with baseline AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL and in HBV-positive individuals. As for anlotinib group, AFP reduction of ≥ 25% at 4 weeks post-treatment was an independent predictor of disease control (P = 0.001).Conclusion Anlotinib showed promising efficacy and tolerability in Chinese patients. AFP response was an early predictor of disease control in patients with anlotinib treatment.
Assessing the Clinical Outcomes of a Novel Edof Intraocular Lens: a Functional Classification Approach
Authors: Győry József F. , Németh Gábor , Pesztenlehrer Norbert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background Functional assessment can help identify the true extended depth of focus intraocular lenses (EDOF IOLs) on the market. This study aimed to demonstrate the eligibility of the 877PEY ELON IOL (Medicontur Medical Engineering) as a suitable model for this category and to assess its efficacy in clinical settings.Methods In total, 38 patients (76 eyes) were enrolled in the study with bilateral implantation of the investigational IOL. For functional classification, a distance-corrected monocular defocus curve was taken 3 months postoperatively. At the 3- and 12-month follow-ups, manifest refraction, monocular and binocular distance, intermediate and near visual acuities, contrast sensitivity, and patient-reported outcomes were recorded.Results The defocus range (visual acuity [VA] ≤ 0.2 logMAR) on the distance-corrected monocular normalized defocus curve taken at 3 months was 1.7 D, which falls into the Partial Range of Field Extend (later referred to as PRoF-Ex) category, confirming expectations. The binocular depth of focus (VA ≤ 0.1 logMAR) spanned approximately 0.50 D to -1.50 D, and the functional visual acuity (VA ≤ 0.3 logMAR) spanned approximately 1.00 D to -2.50 D. Monocular CSV-1000 outcomes were above the population normal ranges. 90.9% of the patients were within ± 0.50 D, and 97.7% were within ± 1.00 D SEQ from the target refraction at the 3-month follow-ups. The outcomes of the VFQ-25 questionnaire demonstrated high scores, and the level of spectacle independence, similar to visual acuity, reflected a strong efficacy in distance and intermediate correction with functional near vision. In terms of photopic phenomena, 90% and 87.5% of patients experienced no-to-moderate rates of glare and halos, respectively. The posterior capsular opacification (PCO) rate was 7.89% at the 12-month follow-up. No adverse events were considered serious.Conclusions The 877PEY model demonstrated capability as a PRoF-Ex IOL with remarkable performance. It is safe to use and delivers a high degree of patient satisfaction.
Asymmetry Is the Norm in “Cloverleaf” Aortic Root Structure
Authors: Zhang Honghai , Bello Rodrigo Moreira , Chivukula Venkat Keshav , Ramchandra Abhay B. , Vigmostad Sara , Conway Johnathan , Wahle Andreas , Sonka Milan , Singhal Arun K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Except for the aortic root (AoR), the thoracic aorta is a radially symmetric structure. It has recently been described as a three-cloverleaf (sinus) structure, with evidence supporting sinus asymmetry. Due to asymmetry, it is difficult to measure. These measurements are central to clinical evaluation of AoR health. (1) Demonstrate correlation between manually interpreted and machine-assisted (MA) measurements of AoR anatomy. (2) Demonstrate that asymmetry is a consistent characteristic in normal AoRs.
Methods
Our study employed randomly selected, EKG-gated CT scans which had previously been interpreted to be free of thoracic disease. All AoRs were analyzed independently by a thoracic radiologist (RBM) and through MA interpretation (HZ). In addition to one dimensional (1D, as radius) and 2D (area) manual and MA interpretations, 3D measurements (volume and height) of the AoR were made using MA method.
Results
1D and 2D analyses showed high correlations between manual and MA measurements. Asymmetry was apparent in 1D, 2D and 3D measurements between sinuses. 3D measurements demonstrated the strongest pattern of asymmetry, with the average volumes in the noncoronary sinus > right sinus > left sinus as 4660 > 3500 > 2700 mm3 (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Manual and MA interpretations of AoR dimensions are highly correlative. Although asymmetry exists in all measurements of normal subjects, it is not strong in 1D or 2D measurements. The 3D volume of the noncoronary sinus is larger than the right coronary sinus, which is significantly larger than the left coronary sinus, indicating the importance of 3D measurements.
The biogenetic decision-making processes and perceived utility of genetic counseling amongst LGBTQ couples considering assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Bunkelman Brady , Slamon Jill , Spencer Sara , Allen Samuel H. , Hornberger Katherine , Propst Lauren 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is becoming a more common way for LGBTQ + couples to pursue parenthood. While prior research has focused on their experiences throughout and after ART, we lack understanding of their journey and decision-making preceding conception. This study aimed to determine the role biogenetic information plays in real-time decision-making processes for LGBTQ + couples planning to have children through ART. Additionally, genetic counselors (GCs) are healthcare professionals who specialize in biogenetic decision-making. Little research has been done on LGBTQ + couples’ desire to consult with a GC prior to the ART process. This study sought to establish how LGBTQ + couples perceive the utility of GCs in supporting them through the earlier points of ART. Finally, these decisions do not occur in a vacuum separate from the many barriers LGBTQ + people face, such as legal, financial, social, and more. We therefore also explored how these barriers interacted with their decision-making. This qualitative study utilized the stories of twelve LGBTQ + participants, including ten cisgender women, one transgender man, and one transmasculine/non-binary individual, planning to pursue ART services in the United States. Participants were recruited from Facebook groups for LGBTQ + individuals trying to conceive, and interviews were conducted via audio-only Zoom or phone. The interviews were transcribed and coded using reflexive thematic analysis with a constructivist paradigm, which yielded six main themes, one divided into three sub-themes. This study found that each LGBTQ + individual imagines their journey to parenthood through ART utilizing their unique circumstances, desires, and personal beliefs. These include, but are not limited to, the relative importance of genetic relatedness, the health risks of themselves, their partners, and future donors, and how they relate to their donor. Findings also included an emphasis on genetic ancestry and mental health. Even prior to ART, LGBTQ + couples express resilience to achieve their ultimate desire to be parents. Additionally, outside constraining barriers had a strong influence on ART access, method selection, and desire. Furthermore, participants expressed a want for both genetic and emotional support from GCs. Based on these findings, we recommend GCs be added as valuable care team members for LGBTQ + couples pursuing parenthood through ART.
Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Zirconia, E-max, and 3D-Printed Composite Resins with Various Resin Cements
Authors: Fahmi Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength of zirconia, E-max, and 3D-printed composite resin when bonded with Panavia V5 and ResiCem EX cements.
Materials and Methods:
Shear bond strength was tested on six material-cement combinations: zirconia, E-max, and 3D-printed composite resin, each bonded with Panavia V5 and ResiCem EX. A total of 24 discs were prepared from each material, with 10 specimens in each group. The bonding interface was examined using a digital optical microscope. Shear bond strength was measured with an Instron universal testing machine, and statistical analysis was performed using two-way and one-way ANOVA.
Shear bond strength was tested on six material-cement combinations: zirconia, E-max, and 3D-printed composite resin, each bonded with Panavia V5 and ResiCem EX.
Results:
The highest shear bond strength was observed in 3D-printed composite resin bonded with Panavia V5 (20.74 MPa), significantly higher than Zirconia bonded with ResiCem EX (13.9 MPa, p = 0.010). No significant differences were noted between the remaining material-cement combinations.
Conclusion:
3D-printed composite resin demonstrated superior bond strength compared to zirconia and E-max, with Panavia V5 showing potential as a reliable cement for clinical applications. These findings underscore the potential of 3D-printed composites in restorative dentistry.
12th Rib Length as a Predictor of Anatomical Variations in the Lumbosacral Plexus Associated with Atypical Radiculopathy in Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Anetai Hidaka , Teramoto Juri , Ono Takafumi , Kiribayashi Toshiaki , Nojiri Hidetoshi , Ohara Yukoh , Ishijima Muneaki , Ichimura Koichiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Study Design: A combined clinical and cadaveric observational study.
Objectives: To investigate whether anatomical variations in the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) are associated with diagnostic discrepancies in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and to corroborate clinical findings with anatomical evidence.
Summary of Background Data: LDH is typically diagnosed based on clinical neurological symptoms and the level of the compressed spinal nerve root (the responsible lesion) identified by magnetic resonance imaging. However, in some patients, radiculopathy symptoms do not always align with the responsible lesion, complicating the diagnosis. This discrepancy may be linked to anatomical variations in the LSP, although the exact cause remains unclear. LSP roots may exhibit cranio-caudal deviations, which tends to be associated with shorter or longer 12th ribs, providing a potential basis for investigation.
Methods: We examined 12th rib length in 144 patients with LDH at Juntendo University Hospital and investigated the relationship between LSP branch deviations and 12th rib length in 29 Japanese cadavers, donated to Juntendo University School of Medicine.
Results: Of the total, 102 cases showed matching radiculopathies and responsible lesions (matched group), while 42 cases exhibited discrepancies (mismatched group). The mismatched group was subdivided into: 19 cases with radiculopathy at a lower level than predicted by the responsible lesion (lower-level radiculopathy type) and 23 cases with radiculopathy at a higher level (higher-level radiculopathy). These types were significantly associated with shorter and longer 12th ribs, respectively, suggesting cranial and caudal deviations in LSP branches, confirmed by anatomical examination.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that contradictory neurological symptoms in LDH may be largely due to cranio-caudal deviations in the LSP and its branches. Furthermore, the 12th rib length may help predict these anatomical variations, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy in LDH.
Association of Podoplanin Expression with Histological Grade in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Jannat Mst.Rubeyatul , Abedin Nafisa , kashfi Sayeed Kishwara , Shirin Sadia , Ahamed Shamim , Sultana Shahana , Ahmed Mousumi , Barua Rita Rani 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Oral carcinogenesis is a complex process driven by genetic alterations affecting proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, with key players including P16, P53, H-ras, cyclinD1, and EGFR. Podoplanin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has emerged as a biomarker implicated in tumor progression and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin across different histological grades of OSCC and analyze its association with clinicopathological parameters such as age, gender, anatomical site, personal habits, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
Methods
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over two years. Fifty-six cases of OSCC were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Podoplanin expression was assessed immunohistochemically, and staining intensity and extent were categorized as high or low.
Results
The results revealed high podoplanin expression in 33.90% of cases and low expression in 66.10%. High podoplanin expression was more frequently observed in moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC compared to well-differentiated tumors, with a statistically significant correlation between podoplanin expression and histological grade. However, no significant associations were identified between podoplanin expression and other factors, including age, gender, personal habits, anatomical site, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
Conclusion
Podoplanin expression was significantly associated with the histological grade of OSCC, suggesting its potential role as a prognostic marker. High podoplanin expression may indicate aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis, underscoring its relevance in OSCC evaluation and management.
Analysis of the Kidney–Brain Axis via the Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: lv jinlei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Central neuropathies caused by diabetic nephropathy (DN) share similar characteristics. The present study aimed to analyze the changes in brain function of patients with DN based on the kidney–brain axis.
Methods
The study population consisted of patients with DN and healthy controls (n = 23 per group). Brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed on all participants, and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) values were calculated. The diagnostic authenticity was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curves using sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index. Statistical analysis included Pearson's correlation between mean fALFF values and DN data.
Results
The imaging analysis revealed that DN patients exhibited lower fALFF values in the right cingulum anterior segment (RCA) and left cingulum middle segment, and increased fALFF values in the right cingulum middle segment compared to control subjects. The correlation analysis demonstrated that mean fALFF values in the RCA correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in DN patients.
Conclusions
The research findings demonstrated significant differences in fALFF values in the default mode network and visual cortex-related areas. These observations may be highly valuable for understanding the kidney–brain axis mechanisms of DN, as well as the associations between diabetic microvascular complications.
Impact and Significance of Viral Vectors for siRNA Delivery in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Aundhia Chintan , Parmar Ghanshyam , Talele Chitrali , Trivedi Rahul , Kumari Mamta , Chudasama Jay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a major challenge in developing effective treatments
due to its complex pathophysiology, including the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques
and tau tangles. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology offers promise for targeted gene
silencing, but effective delivery to the central nervous system remains a significant obstacle.
Viral vectors have emerged as potent delivery vehicles for transporting siRNA to neural tissues.
This review explores the utilization of viral vectors for siRNA delivery in AD, focusing on delivery
strategies and challenges. We discuss the design and optimization of viral vectors, targeting
strategies, and safety considerations. Additionally, we examine recent advancements and
prospects for enhancing viral vector-mediated siRNA delivery in AD.
Utilizing CT and MRI in Assessing Peritumoral Neovascularization in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Analysis of Histological Subtypes and Tumor Characteristics by Imaging
Authors: Tepe Murat , Sevin Erce , Inan Ibrahim , Aktan Ahmet , Ayaz Muzaffer , Ibrahim Ali Heba , Senturk Senem 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
There are variations in prognosis and therapeutic approach for renal cell carcinoma among different histological subtypes. This study aims to
determine the relationship between radiologically detected peritumoral neovascularization and the histological subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma
(RCC) and to assess whether extratumoral neovascularization characteristics detected via imaging can contribute to distinguishing these subtypes
alongside tumor size and T-stage.

Materials and Methods:
104 renal tumors from 104 cases consisting of 31 females (29.8%) and 73 males (70.2%) who underwent abdominal CT or MRI and received a
histopathological renal cell carcinoma diagnosis were included. Out of 104 cases, 45 (43.27%) cases had a preoperative CT, 52 (50%) cases had a
preoperative MRI, and 7 (6.73%) cases had both preoperative CT and MR images. The cases were categorized according to the histopathologic
subtypes. The presence of the radiologically visible peritumoral vascularity and its diameter was noted in order to compare with the
histopathological subtypes and other morphologic or histopathological findings, including size, presence of cystic component, T score, and
Fuhrman grade of the tumor.

Results:
104 unilateral renal tumors (median size 5 cm; range 2-26 cm) were included in this study, of which 71 (68.3%) were clear cell, 20 (9.2%) were
papillary and 13 (12.5%) were chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. Although the presence of peritumoral neovascularization was observed to a
lesser degree in papillary carcinomas than clear cell and chromophobe carcinomas, there was no statistically significant difference among
histological subtypes and between clear cell and non-clear cell carcinomas according to the frequency of peritumoral neovascularization (p = 0.16
and p = 0.084). The presence of peritumoral neovascularization was significantly associated with tumor size for all tumors and within histological
subtypes (p < 0.0001). As the diameter of the tumor increased, the presence of peritumoral neovascularization increased. T stage of tumors was
significantly associated with both the presence of peritumoral neovascularization and the largest peritumoral vessel diameter (p < 0.01 and p =
0.002).

Conclusion:
No statistically significant association between the histological subtype of tumors and the frequency of peritumoral neovascularization was found
in this study. The frequency of peritumoral neovascularization increased with the size and T stage of the tumor. Additionally, the largest
peritumoral vessel diameter increased with the T stage of the tumor. There was no statistically significant relationship between peritumoral
vascularity and Fuhrman grade.