bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with failed contraception in women attending level one hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia.
Authors: Joyce Sakala , Lackson Kasonka , Margaret Kasaro , Chileshe Mabula-Bwalya , Bellington Vwalika 
Published: August 2023

Background: Unintended pregnancy is a major public health concern due to its impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. Contraceptive failure is one of the causes of unintended pregnancy. Data on factors associated with contraceptive method failure is scarce. This study therefore aimed to determine the proportions of contraceptive failure for various methods and factors associated with it.
Methodology: Unmatched case-control study was conducted at five Level One Hospitals in Lusaka. Convenience sampling was used to enrol 108 cases for whom pregnancy occurred while on a modern contraceptive method and 108 controls who were on a modern contraceptive method and not pregnant. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were utilized for assessment of factors associated with failed contraception.
Results: Among the 108 cases, 46 (42.6%), 40 (37%), 17 (15.7%) and 1 (0.9%) were on the oral contraceptive pill, injectable, implant and intrauterine device contraception methods respectively while 2 (1.9%) were on barrier and emergency contraceptive methods respectively. The odds of contraceptive failure when using the oral contraceptive pill was more than 7 times (AOR 7.790, 95% CI 1.210-50.161, p=0.031). Those who had contraception failure were more than 3 times more likely to be younger than 30 years old compared to those whose contraceptive method did not fail (AOR 3.559, 95% CI 1.100-11.521, p=0.034 and AOR 3.596, 95% CI 1.354-9.550, p=0.010 respectively for age groups 18-24 years and 24-30 years old). Other factors associated with a higher odds of contraceptive failure were duration of marriage greater than one year, with the highest odds in those married for more than 10 years (AOR 9.744, 95% CI 2.232-42.537, p=0.002), higher social support (AOR 2.402, 95% CI 1.085-5.321, p=0.031), multiparity (AOR 15.299, 95% CI 3.034-77.151, p=0.001), and duration of use of antecedent contraception method of more than 2-3 years (AOR 4.913, 95% CI 1.662-14.526, p=0.004).
Conclusion: The oral contraceptive pill, younger age, marriage duration of more than one year and contraceptive use more than three years were associated with contraceptive failure. Good messaging and counseling on usage of the oral contraceptive pill is recommended.
Perceptions and Willingness to Undertake Transvaginal Sonography by Women at the Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chinene Bornface , Mutandiro Lavin , Mudadi Leon-say , Nyawan Paridzai 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Patient’s opinions are an important facet of guideline development. There is little that is known about Zimbabwean women perceptions and willingness to undergo Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) and there are no specific guidelines to guide its use.
Aim: To evaluate the perception and willingness to undergo TVS among women attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology clinic at Sally Mugabe Central Hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted between 1 and 30 June 2022. A total of 170 women attending the obstetrics and gynaecology clinic at Sally Mugabe Central Hospital were randomly selected to participate in the study.
Results: Majority of women (81.76%) had no previous TVS experience, with an equally large proportion (60.84%) not having seen a TVS probe before. Most of the women would prefer female sonographers (85.37%) to conduct the examination. In addition, about 58% of the participants concurred that a chaperone should be present. Less than half of the females (47.93%) were eager to have a TVS done on them. Equally, just 45% of the females said they would encourage others to have a TVS scan. The difference in willingness to undergo a TVS study stratified by employment status was statistically significant (chi square 7.26, p = 0.03).
Conclusion: Our study findings revealed that a large proportion of females had no previous TVS experience, with an equally large proportion not having seen a TVS probe before. Only a sizeable proportion of women were willing to accept TVS provided it is conducted by female sonographers and or in the presence of a chaperone. The findings underscore the importance of education and awareness of the benefits of TVS in terms of diagnosis on maternal health outcomes, to the Zimbabwean population.
Postpartum Typhoid Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Julius Dare , Lawal Abdulwahab Oluwatomisin , Hafeezoh Olabinjo , Olayinka Balogun , Ishaq Aremu , Adedire Adenuga 
Published: August 2023

Background: Typhoid fever remains a highly contagious and multi-systemic infection caused by salmonellae typhi, and like other gastro-enteric infection, it poses a higher risk of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy as a result of the physiological changes associated with pregnancy as well as concerns of antibiotic safety in pregnancy. The occurrence of typhoid perforation in pregnancy may be easily confused for other causes of acute abdomen in pregnancy.
We report the presentation, management and outcome of a 25 year old postpartum woman who presented with typhoid intestinal perforation in a resource limited environment. She had an emergency exploratory laparotomy and was managed post operatively in the ICU but clinically deteriorated and subsequently died on the third post-operative day secondary to multiple organ failure from severe sepsis.
Typhoid perforation in pregnancy is a rare presentation, a high index of suspicion, and early intervention, would reduce the incidence of morbidity and mortality associated with this disease condition.
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Adolescents in Choma District of Zambia
Authors: Mukanga Bright , Sakala Kupuzo , Nyirenda Tato , Daka Victor , Mulenga David 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common oral diseases globally. Early control of oral health behaviours is important because lifestyles acquired during adolescence are powerful predictors of adult health. We conducted a study to determine knowledge, attitude and practices on oral hygiene among school going adolescents in Choma District.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school going adolescents in randomly selected schools in Choma District. A total of 335 participants were included in the study. Data were collected using a closed-end self-administered questionnaire. The sample size was distributed among the six schools in the ratio of their population. The study included anyone from grade 8-12. Data were analysed using IBM software for SPSS. We employed the Chi-Square test to investigate association between variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The study had 173 males and 162 females in the age range of 12-19 years. The majority (87.8%) had good knowledge, 69.4% had good attitude and 87.5% had good practice on oral -hygiene. Practice was influenced by sex with females having good oral hygiene as compared to their male counterparts. About 97.2% thought that dental health education is essential in schools. 34% indicated that they had visited the dentist when they experienced toothache. However, parental advice 11% (n=39) to visit the dentist regularly was low. The majority 49.9% (n=167) indicated that they had not visited the dentist due to fear of the dental equipment set up.
Conclusion and recommendation: Despite the majority having good knowledge and attitude and on oral hygiene, there is need to acquaint children with milling and dental units found in most dental offices. This may instil confidence in children to seek specialist dental treatment whenever they develop any dental disease. Further, parents need to be incorporated as partners in promoting oral health hygiene among school going adolescents.
An Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Pregnancy Related Acute Kidney Injury in Women Admitted to High Dependent Care Unit at Women And Newborn Hospital, Lusaka-Zambia.
Authors: Imasiku Karen Mutemwa , Kasonka Lackson 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with Pregnancy-related Kidney Injury (PRAKI) in women admitted to high dependent care unit at Women and Newborn Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Methodology: This was an unmatched case-control study conducted in the high-dependent care unit at Women and Newborn Hospital in Lusaka. Study participants were recruited consecutively by convenient sampling. Participants’ medical records were reviewed to capture serum creatinine levels; while a structured questionnaire was administered to eligible and consented study participants to capture data on sociodemographic, obstetric and medical factors. Serum creatinine levels above 84µmol/l were used as criteria for classifying PRAKI. Excel was used for data cleaning and Stata v13 used for analysis. Descriptive statistics were done for all variables followed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine association. 95% CI was used and p value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The study comprised of 185 study participants, split into 85 women with PRAKI (cases) and 100 women without PRAKI (controls). The median age was 29 years with 11years interquartile range. 75.3% (139) of the study participants were in marriage relationships. Pre-existing hypertension was the most prevalent medical condition in both the cases (51.8%) and the controls (38%). Sickle cell disease was much less common at 1.2% in cases and 8% in controls. Among the obstetric conditions, preeclampsia was the most prevalent condition at 77.6% and 60% in cases and controls respectively. Eclampsia was found in 38.8% of cases and 11% of controls. Sepsis was least common at 4.7% of cases. This study found that obstetric factors such as eclampsia (AOR = 5.12, 95% CI [2.14 – 12.23]; p≤0.0001), preeclampsia (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI [1.12 – 5.39]; p = 0.025), and postpartum haemorrhage were associated with the development of PRAKI. Medical conditions were not associated with PRAKI.
Conclusion: Thus the development of PRAKI was mainly associated obstetric factors such as eclampsia, preeclampsia, and post-partum haemorrhage.
Clinical Audit of Stillbirths at a Faith-Based Secondary Health Centre in Ibadan, Nigeria: A Six-Year Review
Authors: Ogunbode Olayinka Oladunjoye , Oyeyiola Mobolaji P , Arowojo Ayodele O 
Published: August 2023

Objective: The determine the prevalence of stillbirth and identify associated factors among pregnant women.
Method: This was a retrospective audit of two hundred and twenty-five stillbirth deliveries at Our lady of Apostle, Catholic Hospital, Oluyoro, Oke-Offa, Ibadan, Nigeria, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018. Data was extracted from hospital records for socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric factors, complications, and outcomes of pregnancy. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The stillbirth rate was 27.75 per 1000 births. More than half (129; 57.4%) were macerated. The ratio of stillbirth rate among the booked and unbooked parturients was 1:21. The common causes of stillbirths were hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (24.9%) and anaemia in pregnancy (20.4%) while the least were congenital anomalies (1.0%) and gestational diabetes mellitus (1.0%).
Conclusion: This study confirmed that most of the stillbirths were due to unsupervised or poorly supervised pregnancies. There is need to ensure quality antenatal care services for the early detection and management of risk factors in order to reduce the burden of stillbirths.
Assessing a New Medical School in Zambia Using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measurement: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ezeala Christian Chinyere , Ezeala Mercy Okwudili , Zimba Wilson 
Published: August 2023

Background: Learners’ perception of learning environment reflects educational program’s effectiveness. For new medical schools, determining effectiveness of teaching and learning is desirable quality assurance process.
Aim: To determine pioneer medical students’ perception of learning environment of a new school using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measurement (DREEM).
Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study design was adopted. Consenting medical students in second and third years of Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery degree program were surveyed with a questionnaire comprising a demographic competent and 50 DREEM items. Non-probability sampling was adopted. Completed questionnaires were sorted and rated. The resulting quantitative data were analysed for mean scores with SPSS 21 software. Mean total scores and mean scores in five subscales were determined. Scores on individual items were also analysed. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess dataset reliability.
Results: The study recorded 137 participants, 54.2 % females and 45.8 % males. Mean age was 22 (± 4.03) years. Mean total DREEM score was 117.5 (58.8 %) and interpreted as “more positive than negative.” Scores in subscales of perception of learning, perception of teachers, academic self-perception, and perception of atmosphere, were positive with mean scores of 62.9 %, 60.2 %, 63.4 %, and 55.6, respectively. Subscale of social self-perception rated poorly with mean score of 48.9 % and interpreted as “not a nice place.” Single items revealed five major problem areas: lack of adequate support, authoritarian leadership, over-emphasis on factual learning, poor memorizing, and excessive stress.
Conclusion: This analysis revealed major problems and weaknesses in the new school and addressing them could improve educational quality.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis in adults aged 40 years and above at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Gwaba Nchimunya , Kanongo Robson , Haluzani Shawn , Nchimunya Eugene 
Published: August 2023

Background: Osteoporosis is a global problem with a high prevalence in developed countries and an increasing trend in developing countries. Studies on the incidence of osteoporosis in Zambia are not documented. However, some recent data in other countries have shown an increase in this disease but awareness of this condition is sorely lacking among the population as well as health authorities, making it difficult to determine the extent of the concern in Zambia. Since the prevalence of this disease has not yet been established at the study site, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis among adult patients aged 40 years and above at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH).
Methods: This retrospective study involved the retrieving of document data from 76 patients, aged 40 years and above, who had bone mineral density reports.
Results: The study results showed that 32.9% of the patients had osteoporosis, 43.4% had osteopenia, while 23.7% had normal bone mass. Among the male patients, 47.6% had osteoporosis while 27.3% had osteoporosis among the females. However, the chi-square results at 5% level of significance showed that both men and women have an equal chance of acquiring osteoporosis (p=0.091). This study also showed a direct association between osteoporosis and age. The study established that the likelihood of being diagnosed with osteoporosis increased with age (p=0.015).
Conclusion: These findings show that the prevalence of osteoporosis and its associated factors is quite high among adults above the age of 45 years.
Multicultural Education in Private Universities Study at Nahdlatul Wathan University Mataram
Authors: Sopian Hilmi , Fattah Abdul 
Published: August 2023

This research is motivated by the existence of various kinds of ethnicities, religions, ethnicities, races and cultures in Indonesia. Diversity becomes a social force to build the strength of the nation. Conflicts that occur in several places in Indonesia as an illustration, how diversity can give birth to violence and defeat and unrest, especially in the world of education in universities. Therefore, multiculturalism education is important to be developed by UNW Mataram because UNW Mataram is a swatsa university located in the heart of the city of Mataram and was founded by national pahlwan, its presence as a private university to provide opportunities for all generations of nations of different races, tribes and religions to continue their education, UNW Mataram has the obligation to pay attention to multicultural matters in this university so that it is intertwined peace and success for the entire academic community. This study shows that the implementation of multicultural education at UNW Mataram runs well by adopting an inclusive learning approach, Enriching the curriculum with multicultural issues, Supporting and facilitating multicultural activities and organizations, Building partnerships or MOUs with government agencies, as well as private and universities within the region and abroad.
The Effect of Rainfall on Rice and Corn Crop Production in Sleman District
Authors: Darise Marina Evana Putri 
Published: August 2023

Rainwater that falls to the surface of the earth is very important for the growth of agricultural crops such as rice and corn. Therefore, this study aims to know rice and corn production in 2018 and 2020, determine rainfall in 2018 and 2020 and analyze the effect of rainfall on rice and corn production in 2018 and 2020 in Sleman District. The data used by this research is data from Sleman District in 2018 and 2020 Figures. The data were analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study found that rice production in 2018 amounted to 1,574.3 tons, rose to 16,135 tons in 2020, while corn production in 2018 was 452.7 tons, rose to 5,763 tons in 2020. The total rainfall in Sleman District in 2018 was 2,526 mm with the maximum rainfall occurring in December at 178 mm, while the total rainfall in 2020 was 3,272 mm with maximum rainfall occurring in December with rainfall of 184 mm slightly lower than in 2018. The study also found that rainfall in 2018 and 2020 directly affected rice and jangun production.
The Effect of Work Attachment on the Performance of Freelance Daily Employees at PT X Semarang
Authors: Febriyanto Muhammad Taufiq , Wijono Sutarto 
Published: August 2023

In the current new normal era, economic conditions are growing rapidly and advancing. This makes various companies in Indonesia need to make various adaptations and are required to continue to innovate and develop in order to be able to compete with other companies to dominate the market. This study aims to determine the effect of work attachment on the performance of freelancer employees at PT. X Semarang. The research method used in this study was quantitative using a sample of 52 employees. Sampling technique in this study, the author used a probability simple random sampling technique. Data collection in this study used the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) compiled by Schafeuli and the Job Performance Scale compiled by Koopmans, et al. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that work attachment has a positive and significant influence on employee performance by obtaining an F value of 19.804 with a significance level of 0.000 (< 0.05). Work attachment has an influence of 28.4% on employee performance. Thus, the more employee work attachment increases, the more employee performance increases.
Impact of Drinking Water Treatment Process Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to Minimize Environmental Impact Risk
Authors: Kartikasari Ika Bayu , Santoso R. Irwan Bagyo 
Published: August 2023

The clean water treatment plant at DWTP is carried out with conventional treatment. The conventional water treatment process has an impact on the environment due to the clean water treatment process. Clean water treatment produces GWP and Eutrophication impacts derived from the use of chemicals and electricity. This study aims to analyze the factors causing environmental impacts arising from the clean water treatment process at the PDAM Water Treatment Plant (IPA) and determine policy priorities related to reducing environmental impacts and improving the quality of drinking water treatment at the Water Treatment Plant based on the results of LCA and AHP studies. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is a method of assessing the potential environmental impact and evaluating the environmental performance of a process on the product. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) consists of four stages, namely determination of Goal and Scope, Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Impact Assessment, and data interpretation. In research, the scope of LCA used is Gate to Gate, namely in the Coagulation, Flocculation, and Sedimentation process units. From the results of the LCA study, the potential impact of GWP of 12760.76 KgCO2-eq comes from flocculation which produces floc from the addition of chemicals. Meanwhile, the potential impact of eutrophication is 268.55 KgPO4-eq derived from mud generation. The results of the decision in reducing environmental impact at DWTP by optimizing chemicals as a top priority, then the second priority by recycling sludge, and finally making savings and energy alternatives are the last priority. Each respondent's score reached 55%, 23% and 22%. The results of the implementation of the program if implemented can reduce the impact of GWP 20079.17 kg CO2-eq and the impact of eutrophication can be reduced by 201.401 kg PO4-eq.mportant matters discussed in the paper that significantly contribute to the final result of the research may be noted here, but you have to consider, however, the limited space of the abstract.
RELIABILITY, VALIDITY AND AGREEMENT OF THE THAI SELF-REPORTED FIBROMYALGIA SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
Authors: Wongthanavimok Nutta , Chewachutirungruang Chalermpong , Hathaiareerug Chanasak , Phongamwong Chanwit 
Published: August 2023

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) diagnosis is typically based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, relying on patient-reported symptoms. The Thai self-reported Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ) was developed based on the 2016 version of the ACR criteria set.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the internal consistency, convergent validity and agreement of the self-reported FSQ compared with the telephone interview of a physician among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Methods: The Thai FSQ consisting of 25 questions: 19 for widespread pain index (WPI) and 6 for symptom severity scale (SSS), was developed by three Thai physiatrists. The fibromyalgia severity (FS) scale (the sum of WPI and SSS: 0-31) of 13 or more was used to diagnose fibromyalgia. All participants completed a self-reported paper research questionnaire in a private room. Then 24-48 hours later, participants underwent a telephone interview with the Thai FSQ. The internal consistency and convergent validity of the Thai self-reported FSQ were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson’s correlation, respectively. The agreement between the Thai self-reported FSQ (FS scale ≥13) and the telephone interview using the 2016 ACR criteria for diagnosing fibromyalgia was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa.
Results: Of 89 participants, the majority were females (66.3%) with a mean age of 53.5±15.9 years and had an educational level of bachelor’s degree or higher (79.7%). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.82, while the correlation between the FS scale and EQ-5D-5L utility was -0.48 (p <0.001). Cohen’s kappa for diagnosis agreement was 0.55 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The Thai self-reported FSQ exhibited good internal consistency and moderate construct validity. The diagnostic agreement of the Thai self-reported FSQ with the telephone interview was moderate. Although this questionnaire could be used as a screening tool, physicians would need to confirm the diagnosis of fibromyalgia.