bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the feasibility of an Education‐Career pathway in Healthcare for Older People (ECHO) for early career nurses
Authors: Naughton Corina , Hayes Nicky , Ezhova Ivanka , Fitzpatrick Joanne M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRapid population ageing is driving demand for qualified gerontological nurses. Yet, early career nurse attrition and limited focus on retention in the speciality limits supply.ObjectivesTo test the feasibility and acceptability of an Education‐Career pathway in Healthcare for Older People (ECHO) intervention for early career nurses to improve retention and capability in gerontological nursing. ECHO is a multicomponent intervention with integrated education, career planning and coaching components, tested over two 6‐month cycles.MethodsA feasibility study with a pre‐post design using a multi‐methods evaluation. Twenty‐nine early career nurse participants were recruited from eight NHS acute and community care Trusts in England. ECHO participants completed online questionnaires at baseline (Time 1), 6‐month (T2, end of intervention) and follow‐up at 18 months from baseline (T3). Outcome measures were career intention, self‐reported knowledge, career planning confidence, and burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with participants (n = 23) and organizational stakeholders (n = 16) who facilitated ECHO. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests for paired data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.ResultsOverall, 19 of 29 participants (65%) completed all aspects of the intervention. The evaluation was completed by 23 participants. ECHO was well received by participants and stakeholders. At T3, the 23 participants were working in the speciality, though two had changed organizations. There was a significant improvement in self‐reported gerontological knowledge, pre 87 (IQR 81–102), post 107 (IQR 98–112)p = 0.006, but no significant changes in other outcomes. In qualitative data, participants and organizational stakeholders held similar views, presented under four main themes: intended outcomes (personal and professional development, raise gerontological profile, expand horizons); nurse retention‐a double‐edged sword, ECHO logistics, and sustainability.ConclusionEducation‐Career pathway in Healthcare for Older People was feasible and may positively impact early career nurse retention, capability and socialization into gerontological nursing. ECHO requires further refinement and piloting, but learning can contribute to retention strategies.Implications for practiceAttracting and retaining early‐career nurses to the gerontological speciality requires greater innovation, organizational and senior nurse leadership.
Hydrogen sulfide upregulates the alternative respiratory pathway in mangrove plant Avicennia marina to attenuate waterlogging‐induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in a calcium‐dependent manner
Authors: Zhong You‐Hui , Guo Ze‐Jun , Wei Ming‐Yue , Wang Ji‐Cheng , Song Shi‐Wei , Chi Bing‐Jie , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Liu Jing‐Wen , Li Jing , Zhu Xue‐Yi , Tang Han‐Chen , Song Ling‐Yu , Xu Chao‐Qun , Zheng Hai‐Lei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered to mediate plant growth and development. However, whether H2S regulates the adaptation of mangrove plant to intertidal flooding habitats is not well understood. In this study, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was used as an H2S donor to investigate the effect of H2S on the responses of mangrove plant Avicennia marina to waterlogging. The results showed that 24‐h waterlogging increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in roots. Excessive mitochondrial ROS accumulation is highly oxidative and leads to mitochondrial structural and functional damage. However, the application of NaHS counteracted the oxidative damage caused by waterlogging. The mitochondrial ROS production was reduced by H2S through increasing the expressions of the alternative oxidase genes and increasing the proportion of alternative respiratory pathway in the total mitochondrial respiration. Secondly, H2S enhanced the capacity of the antioxidant system. Meanwhile, H2S induced Ca2+ influx and activated the expression of intracellular Ca2+‐sensing‐related genes. In addition, the alleviating effect of H2S on waterlogging can be reversed by Ca2+ chelator and Ca2+ channel blockers. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence to explain the role of H2S in waterlogging adaptation in mangrove plants from the mitochondrial aspect.
l‐Glutamate activates salicylic acid signaling to promote stomatal closure and PR1 expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tsuruda Toshihiko , Yoshida Riichiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlutamate (l‐Glu), an animal neurotransmitter, plays an essential role in plant signaling and regulates various plant physiological responses. We previously showed that l‐Glu regulates stomatal closure in Arabidopsis via the glutamate receptor‐like 3.5 gene (GLR3.5). Here, we showed that l‐Glu activates salicylic acid (SA) signaling in Arabidopsis. l‐Glu not only promoted stomatal closure but also triggered the expression of the PR1 gene via GLR3.5. These l‐Glu‐dependent actions were strongly suppressed in SA‐insensitive npr1‐1 and SA‐deficient sid2‐2 mutants, indicating that SA is involved in l‐Glu signaling. A loss‐of‐function mutant of the gene encoding the SRK2E/OST1 kinase, which plays a pivotal role in abscisic acid signaling, was insensitive to both l‐Glu‐induced stomatal closure and PR1 expression. The glr3.5 mutants did not alleviate SA‐induced stomatal closure, indicating that SA may function downstream of GLR3.5. These results indicate that l‐Glu activates SA signaling, and that SRK2E/OST1 may play pivotal roles in such signaling.
Periodontal microbiology and microbial etiology of periodontal diseases: Historical concepts and contemporary perspectives
Authors: Belibasakis Georgios N. , Belstrøm Daniel , Eick Sigrun , Gursoy Ulvi K. , Johansson Anders , Könönen Eija 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis narrative review summarizes the collective knowledge on periodontal microbiology, through a historical timeline that highlights the European contribution in the global field. The etiological concepts on periodontal disease culminate to the ecological plaque hypothesis and its dysbiosis‐centered interpretation. Reference is made to anerobic microbiology and to the discovery of select periodontal pathogens and their virulence factors, as well as to biofilms. The evolution of contemporary molecular methods and high‐throughput platforms is highlighted in appreciating the breadth and depth of the periodontal microbiome. Finally clinical microbiology is brought into perspective with the contribution of different microbial species in periodontal diagnosis, the combination of microbial and host biomarkers for this purpose, and the use of antimicrobials in the treatment of the disease.
From auxiliary data to research prospects, a review of gridded population mapping
Authors: Lei Zhen , Xie Yijie , Cheng Penggen , Yang Haicheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPopulation has significant application value and scientific significance in resource use, public health, public transportation, disaster assessment, and environmental management. However, traditional census data can not show the population density difference within census units. Furthermore, census data are not uniform across countries, and reconciling these differences when using data from multiple countries require considerable effort. Finally, there are scale differences between census and geospatial data (e.g., land use/cover), making data analysis and needed research difficult. These challenges significantly limit the applications of census data. The advent of gridded population mapping (GPM) technology has overcome these challenges. GPM technology has developed rapidly in recent years. The research data and models are rich and diverse, and many achievements have been made. A systematic review of the current state of GPM research will help relevant researchers and data users. This article begins by summarizing the core elements of GPM research in four aspects: auxiliary data, models, accuracy, and products. It will then go on to four problems prevalent in GPM research that have direct or indirect effects on the accuracy of GPM. Finally, the article prospects GPM research from four different aspects based on the current state of research.
Ixodes ricinus density, Borrelia prevalence and the density of infected nymphs along an urban–rural gradient in southern England
Authors: Hansford Kayleigh M. , McGinley Liz , Wheeler Benedict W. , Tschirren Barbara , Medlock Jolyon M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTicks are found across a range of habitats, with woodland being particularly important for high densities and prevalence of Borrelia infection. Assessments of risk in urban woodland can be difficult if there are low densities and small sample sizes for Borrelia prevalence estimates. This study targeted six urban woodlands with established tick populations, as well as six woodlands in peri‐urban zones and six woodlands in rural zones in and around the cities of Bath and Southampton, in the South of England. Nymph densities were estimated, and 100 nymphs were tested from each of the 18 woodlands studied. Ixodes ricinus ticks were found in all woodlands surveyed, and overall density of nymphs (DON) per 100 m2 was 18.17 in urban woodlands, 26.0 in peri‐urban woodlands and 17.67 in rural woodlands. Out of 600 nymphs tested across urban woodlands, 10.3% were infected with Borrelia. The same proportion of nymphs collected in rural woodlands were positive for Borrelia. In peri‐urban woodlands, 10.8% of nymphs tested positive. Across both cities combined, density of infected nymphs (DIN) was 2.73 per 100 m2 in peri‐urban woodland, 1.87 per 100 m2 in urban woodland and 1.82 per 100 m2 in rural woodland. Overall, DON, Borrelia prevalence and DIN did not differ significantly along an urban–rural gradient. This suggests the risk of Lyme borreliosis transmission could be similar, or perhaps even elevated in urban woodland if there is higher public footfall, subsequent contact with ticks and less awareness of the risks. This is particularly important from a public health perspective, as Borrelia garinii dominated across the gradient and this genospecies is linked to neuroborreliosis.
Balancing a Stick With Eyes Shut: Inverted Pendulum on a Cart Without Angle Measurement
Authors: Goswami Bidhayak , Chatterjee Anindya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider linear time-invariant dynamic systems in the single-input, single-output (SISO) framework. In particular, we consider stabilization of an inverted pendulum on a cart using a force on the cart. This system is easy to stabilize with pendulum angle feedback. However, with cart position feedback it cannot be stabilized with stable and proper compensators. Here, we demonstrate that with an additional compensator in a parallel feedforward loop, stabilization is possible with such compensators. Sensitivity to noise seems to be about three times worse than for the situation with angle feedback. For completeness, discussion is presented of compensator parameter choices, robustness, fragility, and comparison with another control approach.
Thermoelectric Generation From Exhaust Heat in Electrified Natural Gas Trucks: Modeling and Analysis of an Integrated Engine System Performance Improvement
Authors: Sok Ratnak , Kusaka Jin , Nakashima Hisaharu , Minagata Hidetaka , Dimitriou Pavlos , Liu Jinlong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing thermoelectric generators (TEG) to reduce exhaust heat loss from internal combustion engines can improve emissions and the fuel economy of conventional and electrified vehicles. However, TEG potentials have not been investigated in hybridized, compressed natural gas (CNG), twin-turbocharged, and spark-ignited (SI) engines. This work demonstrates TEG's effectiveness in boosting a hybridized 3.0 L CNG engine using model-based development. TEG experiments are performed to measure thermal performances under different inlet gas conditions for model validations. Simplified user-defined functions of flow friction and heat transfer coefficients are used to calibrate the model. A fast-calibration model can reproduce measured heat transfer, pressure drop, and thermal performances. The engine performances are validated against measured 35 steady-state conditions from the production engine used in light-duty CNG trucks under the JE05 drive cycle. Next, the model is connected to the turbocharging system downstream of the well-calibrated four-cylinder SI engine model. Under the peak performance condition (peak brake thermal efficiency BTE at 2400 RPM and 102 kW load), the results show that the engine BTE is improved by 0.56% using a 7 × 9 TEG module arrangement (three-sheet TEG with 1.5× A4 size). A 9 × 10 arrangement can enhance the BTE to 0.8%. Effective electrical power is generated up to 1.168 kW from the TEG, depending on the JE05 operating regions, without significant brake power loss.
Search for exotic parity-violation interactions with quantum spin amplifiers
Authors: Wang Yuanhong , Huang Ying , Guo Chang , Jiang Min , Kang Xiang , Su Haowen , Qin Yushu , Ji Wei , Hu Dongdong , Peng Xinhua , Budker Dmitry 
Published: January 2023

Quantum sensing provides sensitive tabletop tools to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions beyond the standard model, which have attracted great attention in theories and experiments. Here, we develop a technique based on Spin Amplifier for Particle PHysIcs REsearch (SAPPHIRE) to resonantly search for exotic interactions, specifically parity-odd spin-spin interactions. The present technique effectively amplifies exotic interaction fields by a factor of about 200 while being insensitive to spurious magnetic fields. Our studies, using such a quantum amplification technique, explore the parity-violation interactions mediated by a new vector boson in the challenging parameter space (force range between 3 mm and 1 km) and set the most stringent constraints on axial-vector electron-neutron couplings, substantially improving previous limits by five orders of magnitude. Moreover, our constraints on axial-vector couplings between nucleons reach into a hitherto unexplored parameter space. The present constraints complement the existing astrophysical and laboratory studies on potential standard model extensions.
Supplemental Material: Pyroxenite melting at subduction zones
Authors: Bowman Emilie E. , Ducea Mihai N. 
Published: January 2023

<p>Data filtering methods, crustal thickness calculations, spatial averaging methods, error calculations, sample locations, Zn/Fe versus Al2O3 for subarc peridotites, Zn/Fe-crustal thickness correlation for samples with MgO >10 wt%, Dy/Yb, Ba/Nb, and Th/Nb ratios as a function of crustal thickness, copper contents of peridotite- versus pyroxenite-derived melts, the filtered and spatially averaged global geochemical compilation created and used in this study, and the compilation of experimental melts of silica-deficient pyroxenites. </p>
Dose–response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adiposity in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Recchia Francesco , Leung Chit K. , Yu Angus P. , Leung Welton , Yu Danny J. , Fong Daniel Y. , Montero David , Lee Chi-Ho , Wong Stephen H.S. , Siu Parco M. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo determine and compare the dose–response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese adults, while controlling for the weekly energy deficit induced by the interventions.MethodsPubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for randomised controlled trials comparing exercise or caloric restriction against eucaloric controls in overweight or obese adults. The primary outcome was the change in visceral fat measured by CT or MRI. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine the overall effect size (ES) and the dose–dependent relationship of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral fat. Heterogeneity, risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were also assessed.ResultsForty randomised controlled trials involving 2190 participants were included. Overall, exercise (ES −0.28 (−0.37 to −0.19); p<0.001; I2=25%) and caloric restriction (ES −0.53 (−0.71 to −0.35); p<0.001; I2=33%) reduced visceral fat compared with the controls. Exercise demonstrated a dose–response effect of −0.15 ((−0.23 to −0.07); p<0.001) per 1000 calories deficit per week, whereas the effect of caloric restriction was not dose-dependent (ES 0.03 (−0.12 to 0.18); p=0.64). Most of the studies showed a moderate risk of bias.ConclusionsThese findings support the dose–dependent effects of exercise to reduce visceral fat in overweight and obese adults. Caloric restriction did not demonstrate a dose–response relationship, although this may be attributed to the smaller number of studies available for analysis, compared with exercise studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020210096.
Time-varying association of acute and post-acute COVID-19 with new-onset diabetes mellitus among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients
Authors: Reges Orna , Test Tsafnat , Hoshen Moshe , Cicurel Assi , Saliba Walid , Greenland Philip , Dicker Dror , Lavie Gil 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown disruption of glycometabolic control and new diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis among patients with COVID-19. It is still unclear how the association of COVID-19 and new-onset DM may be modified by disease severity or vary over time, during acute and post-acute phases.Research design and methodsIn this retrospective matched cohort study, 157 936 patients with COVID-19 (aged ≥25 years, diagnosis date between March 01, 2020 and August 31, 2021) were compared with individuals without COVID-19, separately for non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and severe hospitalized patients. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models, with changing baseline time (starting at the date of COVID-19 diagnosis, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months afterwards), were used to evaluate the occurrence of new DM in relation to COVID-19 infection in different time frames—from each landmark date until end of study.ResultsDuring mean follow-up time of 10.9 months, there were 1145 (0.72%) new diagnoses of DM compared with 1013 (0.64%) in the individuals without COVID-19 (p=0.004). Non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were not at higher risk of new DM neither during the acute phase nor afterward. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of developing DM, with the highest risk among severe hospitalized patients. This risk among hospitalized patients was highest in the acute phase (HR 2.47 (95% CI 1.86 to 3.29)), attenuated over time, but remained significant at 4-month landmark analysis (HR 1.60 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.29)).ConclusionsAcute and post-acute COVID-19 were associated with new DM only among hospitalized patients, with the highest risk among those hospitalized with severe disease. Those patients should be followed and monitored post-discharge for new DM. Patients who were not hospitalized did not have higher risk of new-onset DM.
PREP Plus combined postrehabilitation programme to support upper limb recovery in community-dwelling stroke survivors: protocol for a mixed-methods, cluster-assigned feasibility study
Authors: Pedlow Katy , McDonough Suzanne , Klempel Natalie , Hylands Jenny , Hughes Noelene , Campbell Zoe , Eng Janice J , Stephenson Aoife , Kennedy Niamh 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPoor recovery of the upper limb following a stroke has been recognised as a significant problem in the UK. Although there is good evidence that early, intense rehabilitation can lead to upper limb recovery, often this is not maintained, with less than 50% of people regaining the ability to use their upper limb for independent function at 6 months. Upper limb recovery potential is reported for many years poststroke, yet current long-term provision is insufficient.Methods and analysis60 participants will be recruited into this feasibility study, with 30 allocated to a Post Rehabilitation Enablement Programme (PREP) alone and 30 allocated to a combined programme, PREP Plus, consisting of PREP and the Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Programme (GRASP). We will aim to complete four iterative waves. Within each wave, the intervention design will be refined, based on participant feedback. Within each wave, there will be one cluster unit (one intervention group ;PREP Plus) and one control group ;PREP alone)). A total of five PREP sites within Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Trusts will be used for this study. PREP Plus will have a home exercise component along with exercises logs and a behaviour contract. Qualitative and quantitative measures will evaluate the acceptability and feasibility to determine how feasible it is to embed the intervention into practice, as well as to determine the feasibility of a larger, mixed-methods, randomised controlled trial to assess intervention efficacy. Clinical endpoints will also be explored.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Health and Social Care Research Ethics Committee A, IRAS project ID (278620). Participants will provide informed consent prior to participating in the study. Information outlining the purpose of the study, what data will be collected and how the data will be managed will be provided. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and any published data will be available on the university data repository. The project management group will advise on different avenues for dissemination to ensure it reaches appropriate audiences.Trial registration numberNCT05090163.
Effect of Migalastat on cArdiac InvOlvement in FabRry DiseAse: MAIORA study
Authors: Camporeale Antonia , Bandera Francesco , Pieroni Maurizio , Pieruzzi Federico , Spada Marco , Bersano Anna , Econimo Laura , Lanzillo Chiara , Rubino Marta , Mignani Renzo , Motta Irene , Olivotto Iacopo , Tanini Ilaria , Valaperta Rea , Chow Kelvin , Baroni Irene , Boveri Sara , Graziani Francesca , Pica Silvia , Tondi Lara , Guazzi Marco , Lombardi Massimo 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundA small but significant reduction in left ventricular (LV) mass after 18 months of migalastat treatment has been reported in Fabry disease (FD). This study aimed to assess the effect of migalastat on FD cardiac involvement, combining LV morphology and tissue characterisation by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).MethodsSixteen treatment-naïve patients with FD (4 women, 46.4±16.2 years) with cardiac involvement (reduced T1 values on CMR and/or LV hypertrophy) underwent ECG, echocardiogram, troponin T and NT-proBNP (N-Terminal prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide) assay, CMR with T1 mapping, and CPET before and after 18 months of migalastat.ResultsNo change in LV mass was detected at 18 months compared to baseline (95.2 g/m2(66.0–184.0) vs 99.0 g/m2(69.0–121.0), p=0.55). Overall, there was an increase in septal T1 of borderline significance (870.0 ms (848–882) vs 860.0 ms (833.0–875.0), p=0.056). Functional capacity showed an increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) at anaerobic threshold (15.50 mL/kg/min (13.70–21.50) vs 14.50 mL/kg/min (11.70–18.95), p=0.02), and a trend towards an increase in percent predicted peak VO2(72.0 (63.0–80.0) vs 69.0 (53.0–77.0), p=0.056) was observed. The subset of patients who showed an increase in T1 value and a reduction in LV mass (n=7, 1 female, age 40.5 (28.6–76.0)) was younger and at an earlier disease stage compared to the others, and also exhibited greater improvement in exercise tolerance.ConclusionIn treatment-naïve FD patients with cardiac involvement, 18-month treatment with migalastat stabilised LV mass and was associated with a trend towards an improvement in exercise tolerance. A tendency to T1 increase was detected by CMR. The subset of patients who had significant benefits from the treatment showed an earlier cardiac disease compared to the others.Trial registration numberNCT03838237.