bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Inhibitory Receptors TIGIT, TIM-3, and LAG-3 on CD4+ T Cells from Patients with Different Clinical Forms of Chronic Chagas Disease
Authors: Ferragut Fátima , Alcaraz Paula B , Beati Paula , Girard Magali C , Ossowski Micaela S , Chadi Raúl , Fernández Marisa , Hernández-Vásquez Yolanda , Acevedo Gonzalo R , Gómez Karina A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
T cells are central to the adaptive immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In chronic Chagas disease (CCD), circulating parasite-specific memory T cells show reduced functionality and increased expression of inhibitory receptors as a result of persistent antigenic stimulation. This phenotype has been linked to progression of cardiac pathology, whereas the presence of polyfunctional T cells shows association with therapeutic success. In this study, we demonstrate that T. cruzi–specific human CD4+ T cells can be identified by their expression of OX40 and CD25 upon in vitro stimulation. We characterized the expression of the inhibitory receptors T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), T cell Ig and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) in CD4+ T cells from CCD patients with and without cardiac alterations. Our results show that, independently of their clinical stage, CCD patients present an increased frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing TIGIT in comparison with non–T. cruzi-infected donors. Exposure to parasite Ags increases the expression of TIM-3 in CD4+ T cells from CCD patients, especially in those with cardiac compromise. Upregulation of LAG-3 was also detected in CCD individuals without cardiac manifestations, predominantly within the subpopulation of cells that did not become activated upon stimulation. Further differences were found between groups in the coexpression of these receptors. Blockade of each individual receptor did not affect activation or the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 by CD4+ T cells in response to parasite Ags. Our results suggest a role for TIGIT, TIM-3, and LAG-3 in the modulation of inflammatory phenomena thought to ultimately lead to tissue damage and cardiac pathology.
Bilastine in pruritus associated with dermatological conditions
Authors: Talathi Abhay , Talathi Prajakta , Kapadia Rachh Jalpa , Khan Kaleem , Dhoot Dhiraj , Deshmukh Gaurav Anil 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Pruritus is a common and unpleasant symptom associated with multiple skin diseases. As histamine plays a central role in pruritus pathology, H1 antihistamines are frequently used in its management. Bilastine is a potent second-generation antihistamine approved for the management of urticaria. However, there are few studies showing its effectiveness and safety in pruritus associated with skin diseases.

Materials and Methods:
In this multicenter, open-label study, patients with pruritus associated with various skin diseases received bilastine 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks. Patients were evaluated for improvement in their pruritus based on the 5D itch score and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Safety of bilastine was assessed by monitoring the incidence of adverse events during the study period.

Results:
A total of 116 patients with urticaria (n = 22), eczema/dermatitis (n = 27), lichen planus (n = 9), pPsoriasis (n = 11), dermatophytosis (n = 42), and others (n = 5) were included in the study. There was a significant improvement in the 5D itch score at the end of therapy (16.18 ± 2.81 vs. 6.20 ± 1.38 P < 0.0001) in all patients. Bilastine improved the DLQI at week 4 in all disease groups (11.83 ± 4.97 vs. 2.15 ± 2.68; P < 0.0001). The treatment was well tolerated.

Conclusion:
Bilastine is associated with significant improvement in pruritus associated with multiple dermatological disorders with a very good safety profile.
Within-day changes in luminal, stromal choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index in healthy adults
Authors: Alanazi Muteb K 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To investigate topographical and within-day changes in the choroidal vascularity index and its association with choroidal thickness parameters (total, luminal, and stromal thickness) among young adults.

Methods:
Choroidal thickness and vascularity index were measured in 28 healthy young adults (age mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 25 ± 3.0) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Participants were divided into three refractive groups: emmetropes, myopes, and high myopes. Choroidal parameters were evaluated in the macular and peripheral regions in the superior and inferior regions at two time points during the day; in the morning (at 7 am) and in the afternoon (at 1 pm).

Results:
All investigated choroidal thickness parameters showed a significant topographical variation across the vertical meridian, between the foveal (270 ± 89 μm, 170 ± 45 μm, and 111 ± 47 μm, respectively) and peripheral (246 ± 68 μm, 160 ± 39 μm, 86 ± 36 μm, respectively). The superior choroid was thicker in all thickness parameters compared to the inferior choroid. A significant increase in the vascularity percentage was seen from the fovea (61.8 ± 7%) toward the periphery (66.4 ± 7%). Thinner choroidal parameters were associated with high myopia, whereas an increase in the vascularity index was observed in high myopes. Significant within-day changes were observed in all choroidal thickness parameters, which were slightly reduced in the afternoon. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) increased from 61.3 ± 5.3% in the morning and 63.2 ± 5.8% in the afternoon. High myopes exhibited reduced within-day amplitude in stromal thickness.

Conclusion:
All parameters showed significant regional variations. Myopia is associated with greater thinning in stromal thickness rather than vascular thickness. Only high myopes experienced reduced within-day change amplitudes in stromal choroidal thickness that was more predominant in the foveal and parafoveal regions.
Cataract surgery outcomes in pediatric patients with systemic comorbidities
Authors: Mandal Sohini , Maharana Prafulla K , Nagpal Ritu , Joshi Shivani , Kaur Manpreet , Sinha Rajesh , Agarwal Tushar , Sharma Namrata , Titiyal Jeewan S 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgery in patients of the pediatric age group with systemic comorbidities.

Methods:
Medical records of 54 eyes (30 patients) of the pediatric age group with systemic comorbidities who had undergone cataract surgery in a tertiary-care center were reviewed. The following parameters were recorded: systemic comorbidity; toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, HIV (TORCH) profile, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), strabismus, nystagmus, and cataract morphology.

Results:
Thirty patients with a mean age of 55 months (9 months–14 years) were included. On average, every child was seen by three physicians, and the mean duration between the first visit to a physician and presentation to our center was 2.23 ± 0.67 years. The various causes for delay in referral include multiple referrals due to a lack of general anesthesia services in 78% of cases, a long waiting list at the referral hospital in 35% of cases, and a lack of awareness at the primary-care physician level in 50% of cases. The mean BSCVA at presentation was 1.4 logMAR (0.3 to 3 logMAR). The most common cataract morphology was that of zonular cataract (31.48%; 17/54). Strabismus and abnormal eye movements were observed in 27.7% (15/54) and 33.3% (18/54) of eyes, respectively. Various systemic associations were periventricular leukomalacia (12/30), Down’s syndrome (6/30), seizure disorder (6/30), cardiac valvular anomalies (6/30), Marfan’s syndrome (4/30), hypothyroidism (4/30), rubella (3/20), cytomegalovirus (3/20), cerebral palsy (2/30), nephrotic syndrome (2/30), Type 1 diabetes mellitus (1/30), microcephaly (1/30), cryptogenic West syndrome (1/30), congenital rubella syndrome (1/30), and Tourette syndrome (1/30). The mean postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at 2-year follow-up improved to 1.0 logMAR (0 to 3 logMAR). No postoperative complications were reported at the final follow-up. Around 70% of the parents reported improvement in their child’s psychomotor skills.

Conclusion:
Intellectually impaired pediatric patients with cataract should be operated upon whenever there is a presence of infrastructure, and unnecessary delay in surgery should be avoided by referring the patient to higher centers. Even though objective improvement in visual acuity was suboptimal, there was definitely an improvement in the psychomotor skills of the patients.
Risk factors for posterior capsule rupture in mature cataract surgery: A study of 1302 cases
Authors: Keles Ali , Sen Emine , Altas Fatma B. , Elgin Ufuk 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To identify the risk factors predisposing posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during mature cataract surgery.

Methods:
A total of 1302 consecutive mature cataract cases were included in this retrospective study. A detailed examination was performed for each patient and risk factors including age, gender, systemic diseases, ocular comorbidities, surgeon, and surgery method were recorded. Cases with PCR during surgery were classified as complicated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a generalized estimating equations method was applied for statistical analysis.

Results:
The overall rate of PCR was 7.30% (n=95 eyes). After adjusting for confounders, factors that remained significant on multivariate analysis were strabismus (odds ratio [OR]: 5.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17–14.97; P < 0.001), phacodonesis (OR: 4.62, 95% CI: 2.59–8.22; P < 0.001), history of trauma (OR: 4.46, 95% CI: 1.64–12.12; P = 0.003), surgery method (extracapsular cataract extraction/phacoemulsification) (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.60–4.26; P < 0.001), and pseudoexfoliation (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.20–3.16; P = 0. 007).

Conclusion:
Strabismus, phacodonesis, history of trauma, extracapsular cataract extraction method, and pseudoexfoliation were found to be important risk factors for developing PCR. Appropriate preoperative and perioperative precautions for these higher-risk cases can reduce complications.
ANALYSIS OF NEWS PORTAL DISCUSSION 'WAYANG ORANG PENGET' DELIGHTS MALANG THEATERGOERS ON JAKARTA POST
Authors: Simanjuntak Anni Alvionita 
Published: January 2023

Objective Critical discourse analysis is always interesting to study more deeply. The power of the media and public perceptions that make critical discourse research continue to grow. This helps readers understand the use of language because language is not just a means of communication, but is also used as an instrument to do something.
Materials and Methods. The formulation of the problem of this research is how the critical discourse analysis of the van Dijk model is in the Jakarta Post 'Wayang Orang Penget' Delights Malang Theatergoers. This type of research is qualitative research because the data studied is news that has been transcribed. Data collection techniques in this study use observation and documentation techniques.
Result. The results of the study show that in the reporting of "Wayang Orang Penyet", the Macro Structure reveals a larger size in writing the title and the quotation marks in writing 'Wayang Orang' to emphasize the discussion on the news portal. In Superstructer, Lead describes the situation on the Wayang Orang theater stage during the event, as well as describing the enthusiasm of the people in enjoying the performance. The lead then develops and takes the audience to the show. The microstructure is separated into Semantics, Syntax, Stylistics, and Rhetoric.
Conclusion. This research notices the aspects such as Micro Structure, Super Structure, and Macro Structure. This news in the Jakarta Post port informs Wayang Orang Penget art performance held in Malang gets much attention from the audiences.
Distribution Alignment Using Complement Entropy Objective and Adaptive Consensus-Based Label Refinement For Partial Domain Adaptation
Authors: Choudhuri Sandipan , Adeniye Suli , Sen Arunabha 
Published: January 2023

In this work, we address a realistic case of unsupervised domain adaptation, where the source label set subsumes that of the target. This relaxation in the requirement of an identical label set assumption, as witnessed in the standard closed-set variant, poses a challenging obstacle of negative transfer that potentially misleads the learning process from the intended target classification objective. To counteract this issue, we propose a novel framework for a partial domain adaptation setup that enforces domain and category-level alignments through optimization of intra- and inter-class distances, uncertainty suppression on classifier predictions, and target supervision with an adaptive consensus-based sample filtering. In this work, we aim to modify the latent space arrangement where samples from identical classes are forced to reside in close proximity while that from distinct classes are well separated in a domain-agnostic fashion. In addition, the proposed model addresses a challenging issue of uncertainty propagation by employing a complement entropy objective that requires the incorrect classes to have uniformly distributed low-prediction probabilities. Target supervision is ensured by employing a robust technique for adaptive pseudo-label generation using a nonparametric classifier. The methodology employs a strategy that permits supervision from target samples with prediction probabilities higher than an adaptive threshold. We conduct experiments involving a range of partial domain adaptation tasks on two benchmark datasets to thoroughly assess the proposed model’s performance against the state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we performed an ablation study to validate the necessity of the incorporated modules and highlight their contribution to the proposed framework. The experimental findings obtained manifest the superior performance of the proposed model when compared to the benchmarks.

Received: 7 November 2022 | Revised: 26 December 2022 | Accepted: 26 December 2022

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Ultrasound compression elastography: possibilities for early diagnosing in case of dystrophic lesions of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament with low back pain
Authors: Nazarenko I. V. , Yurkovskiy A. M. 
Published: January 2023

Objective. Evaluate the possibility of using ultrasound compression elastography for detecting early dystrophic changes in the long dorsal sacroiliac ligaments in case of pain in the lower backMaterials. To achieve this goal, we compared the data of compression elastography of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament in 36 patients aged 46.0 years [23; 54] with lower back pain (experimental group) and 30 patients aged 36.5 years [29; 48] without lower back pain (control group).Results. The results of the evaluation of diagnostic significance of ultrasound compression elastography were as follows: AUC ‒ 0.81 (95% CI (0.63; 0.93)), p=0.0001; Juden index ‒ 0.64, sensitivity ‒ 90% (95% CI (0.69; 0.99)), p=0.0001; specificity ‒ 74% (95% CI (0.56; 0.99)), p=0.0001.Conclusion. Compression elastography enables to detect areas of long dorsal sacroiliac ligament structure disorganization in cases where standard B-mode can’t reveal changes in the structure of this ligament. For the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament, ultrasound compression elastography has comparable sensitivity (90%) to shear wave elastography, but lower specificity (74%) and prognostic value (81%), allowing a fairly confident diagnosis of early degenerative changes in the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament.
Clinical significance of the T(-344)C polymorphism of the aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) in the prognosis of cardiorenal syndrome in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vasilkova V. N. , Pchelin I. Yu. , Borovets Ya. A. , Vasukhina I. A. , Mokhort T. V. 
Published: January 2023

Objective. To evaluate the role of the T(-344)C polymorphism of CYP11B2 gene in the development of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and methods. 270 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes aged over 25 years were examined. All patients underwent molecular genetic analysis using deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from whole venous blood.Results. The TT genotype was associated with the risk of developing CRS manifestations such as left ventricular hypertrophy (odds ratio (OR) 2.64; 95% CI (0.93–4.19), chronic heart failure (OR 4.26; 95% CI (2.26 - 8.06), subclinical atherosclerosis (OR 4.04; 95% CI (1.89 - 8.58), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 10.77; 95% CI (3.56 - 32.61), and the CT genotype (OR 3.28; 95% CI (1.02 – 10.59) with CKD risk..Conclusion. There are pathogenetic associations between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cardiovascular complications and a decrease of renal function. Further research is needed for a deep understanding of the complex pathogenetic mechanisms of the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal pathology.
Role of glutamate in thymic energy metabolism
Authors: Nikitina I. A. 
Published: January 2023

Objective. To analyze the energetic role of glutamate in thymocytes and tissues of the thymus at different stages of its age-related involution.Materials and methods. The studies were performed on white male rats. The state of energy metabolism was determined by the rate of oxygen consumption by thymus tissues and thymocytes using a polarographic method.Results. It was found that in the thymus tissues of 4, 5 and 6-month-old rats the rate of oxygen consumption is constant and does not significantly change in response to glutamate administration. Thymocytes - the immunocompetent thymus cells of 3- and 8-month-old animals, despite similar levels of oxygen consumption on endogenous substrates, respond differently to glutamate action. In thymocytes of 3-month-old animals, the action of glutamate has a more pronounced stimulating effect on bioenergetic processes compared to 8-month-old animals. There is a reason to believe that the decrease in the efficiency of glutamate action as the animals grow older is caused by the processes of age-related involution of the thymusConclusion. Glutamate stimulates aerobic respiration in the thymocytes of 3- and 8-month-old animals, with a greater stimulating effect in the thymocytes of younger animals. At the same time, glutamate does not cause significant changes in the rate of oxygen consumption in the thymus tissues of 4-, 5-, and 6-month-old animals.
The effectiveness of using “Painmetrica” software for the diagnosis and selection of treatment for chronic pain syndrome in degenerative diseases of the spine
Authors: Usova N. N. , Savostin A. P. , Savitsky A. I. 
Published: January 2023

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of using the “Painmetrica” software for the diagnosis and selection of treatment for pain in degenerative diseases of the spine. Materials and methods. Software “Painmetrica” was developed for the diagnosis and selection of treatment for pain in degenerative diseases of the spine. Through a bidirectional nonrandomized controlled trial, its effectiveness was evaluated using telephone interviews with 42 patients. For comparison, a telephone interview was conducted with 47 patients for whom the Panimetrica program had not been used in the treatment.Results. The effectiveness of using “Painmetrica” software for the diagnosis and selection of treatment for patients with back pain was demonstrated. In the main group, the decrease in pain syndrome tended to differ due to an increase in the number of patients in whom pain was relieved by more than 50% and completely disappeared (p = 0,09 according to the two-tailed Fisher’s exact test). Patients treated with Painmetrica algorithms experienced sleep recovery due to a decrease in pain: changes persisted in 12 cases (28,6%), while in the comparison group, sleep changes remained in 24 patients (51,1%) (p=0,05 according to two-tailed Fisher’s exact test). Against the background of effective pain relief in patients who used Painmetrica, there was a decrease in the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (17 patients (40,5%) of the main group versus 36 patients (76,6%) of the control group, p = 0,001 according to the twotailed Fisher’s exact test ). At the same time, only 8 patients (19.1%) in the main group and 30 patients (63.8%) in the comparison group (p < 0.001 according to Fisher’s two-sided exact test) indicated the need to consult a neurologist.Conclusion. The effectiveness of the use of “Painmetrica” software for the diagnosis and selection of treatment of patients with degenerative diseases of the spine on an outpatient basis in relation to the need for patients to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the need for additional consultation of a neurologist, as well as effective relief of sleep disorders caused by pain were demonstrated.
In vitro rumen fermentation pattern: insights from concentrate level and plant oil supplement
Authors: Kargar Shahryar , Taasoli Golnaz , Akhlaghi Amir , Zamiri Mohammad Javad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The addition of oil to ruminant diets and oil fatty acid profiles are major
factors that negatively affect ruminal fermentation, while increased
forage level attenuates the adverse effects. The aim of this study was to
determine the effects of oil source supplementation and concentrate level
in the diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics. Pomegranate, garlic or
sunflower oils were added (2 % dry matter (DM) basis) to the diets containing 40 % or
60 % (DM basis) concentrates. In vitro gas production parameters, pH, ammonia nitrogen
concentration and total protozoa count were measured. Additionally,
metabolizable energy (ME), short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and
organic matter digestibility (OMD) were determined. Rumen fermentation
parameters and protozoal population counts were analyzed as a completely
randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments,
and gas production parameters were analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial
arrangement in a randomized block design. The results showed that the HCPO (high (60 %) concentrate diet containing
pomegranate oil)
and HCSO (high (60 %) concentrate diet containing sunflower oil) diets produced the highest (5.40 mg dL−1) and lowest (2.61 mg dL−1)
concentrations of NH3–N (p>0.01), respectively. Total
protozoa count tended (p=0.07) to be highest in HCPO and lowest in HCSO
diets (5.10 vs. 4.81 Log 10 g−1 digesta). No interaction effects between the
concentrate level and oil source were found on in vitro gas production parameters,
pH, estimated ME, SCFA and OMD, and Entodinium and Diplodinium populations (p>0.05). It
is concluded that dietary supplementation with highly unsaturated oil from
three different sources at 2 % level (DM basis) had no apparent effects on
in vitro ruminal fermentation patterns.
From Big Brother to the Big Bang: Self, Science, and Singularity in George Orwell’s 1984
Authors: Frauen Jan-Boje 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
This article examines the connections between social perfectibility and individual identity through George Orwell’s famous non-place “Oceania” in 1984 (1949). It is argued that “Ingsoc” Party members see reality filtered through “collective solipsism,” which is a mirage that is superimposed upon the material state of affairs in individual perception by the augmentation of every individual’s environment with constant feedback from the social superstructure. Thus, perceptions, memories, and possibly even personalities are constructed situationally as fit for the superstructure. Due to the constantly intensifying regress of cognitive and material enabling factors, this “collective delusion” will detach itself from the material realm completely in 2050 when individual consciousness fully dissolves into Big Brother’s super-mind. 1984 thus depicts a dystopian-utopian, “blackwhite” society on the “event horizon” to a “singularity,” which will emerge when the state or collective becomes an absolute and no traces of private life remain.