bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and Characterization of Helical Beams by means of Diffraction Gratings
Authors: Gress-Mendoza Z , Cruz S Cruz y , Velázquez V 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A description of the intensity distribution patterns of helical beams experimentally generated by forked diffraction gratings is presented. The characterization of the diffraction orders so obtained, using double diffraction gratings as well as the reconstruction of the 2D intensity profiles, is also discussed.
In vitro cellular biocompatibility and in vivo degradation behavior of calcium phosphate-coated ZK60 magnesium alloy
Authors: Trang Le Thi , Le Hai Van , Hiromoto Sachiko , Minho O , Kobayashi Equo , Nguyen Nam Viet , Cao Nguyen Quang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Calcium phosphate (Ca-P) surface coating is a simple but effective way to enhance both corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of ZK60 magnesium alloy. However, cell compatibility on different Ca-P layers coated on ZK60 alloy has seldom been investigated. In this study, the effects of type, morphology and corrosion protection of several Ca-P coatings formed at pH 6.5, 7.8 and 10.2 on cell behavior were examined by using an osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Furthermore, in vivo behavior in rabbits of the alloy coated with the optimum Ca-P layer was also studied. It was found that the surface factors governed the cell morphology and density. The coating morphology plays a dominant role in these surface factors. The sample coated at pH 7.8 showed the best cellular biocompatibility, suggesting that the hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer formed at pH 7.8 was the optimum coating. In rabbits, this optimum coating enhanced remarkably the corrosion resistance of the alloy. During implantation, the outermost crystals of the HAp coating were shortened and thinned due to the dissolution of HAp caused by the body fluid of the rabbits. It is indicated that ZK60 alloy coated at pH 7.8 can be applied as a biodegradable implant.
Two-dimensional sandwich-like MXene–conductive polymer nanocomposite with in-plane cylindrical mesopores for long cycling lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Xu Haishan , Zhang Han , Wang Yifan , Tang Chen , Xiao Tianyu , Xu Zhi , Li Hong , Xu Fugui , Mai Yiyong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Li-S batteries have received much attention due to their high energy density, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the poor conductivity of sulfur and the ‘shuttle effect’ of polysulfides still impede their practical applications. In this study, thin layered MXene nanosheets sandwiched by conductive poly(m-phenylenediamine) with in-plane cylindrical mesochannels (mPmPD/MXene) are constructed as sulfur hosts for the cathode materials of Li–S batteries. The polar active sites on MXene and mesoporous conductive PmPD polymers synergistically alleviate the polysulfide shuttling through chemisorption and physical confinement; the high metallic conductivity of MXene and conductive PmPD ensure the transport of electrons and promote the redox kinetics; the in-plane cylindrical mesochannels on mPmPD/MXene provide hosting space for high sulfur loading (∼71 wt%) and facilitate smooth electrolyte transport in the internal space of the cathode. Profiting from these advantages, the Li–S battery based on the mPmPD/MXene cathode exhibits a capacity decay of 0.0593% after 800 cycles at 1 C (53% capacity retention). The optimized battery shows stable cycling performance even at high sulfur loading (6.8 mg cm−2) with 5.6 mAh cm−2 capacity remained after 60 cycles at 0.1 C. This study provides insights for the rational design of 2D heterostructures with in-plane mesochannels for high-performance Li-S batteries.
Preparation and photocatalysis of ZnO/bentonite based on adsorption and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Jida Sena Megersa , Zerefa Enyew Amare 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article focus on the adsorption and photocataltytic study of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution with sodium carbonate-activated bentonite adsorbent and ZnO/Bentonite photocatalyst. The activated bentonite adsorbent and ZnO/bentonite nanocomposites photocatalysts were prepared and characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and AAS. The adsorption experiment was conducted using 5% sodium carbonate activated bentonite (AB5) to establish the effect of different parameters. The adsorption isotherm was performed using Langiumer, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The result showed the Langiumer adsorption isotherm best fit the adsorption study for the experimental data with R2 = 1. The kinetic adsorption of MB dye by activated bentonite was conducted using pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models. The result revealed that the pseudo-second-order fit experimental data well and the process was chemisorption. The endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process of MB dye AB5 were carried by studying the thermodynamic parameters of the system. Desorption of MB dye from the spent adsorbent and recyclability of adsorbent was studied by thermo-chemical methods. The desorption capacity of MB dye in the selected solvents were small. The adsorbent developed for this study was recycled and its adsorption capacity decreased with recycling time. But, the photo-degradation studies conducted using the synthesized ZnO/Bentonite@550(1:1) photocatalyst with average particle size of 30.06 nm resulted with 99.54% degradation efficiency of MB.
A new electromagnetic probe array diagnostic for analyzing electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations in EAST plasmas
Authors: LAN Heng , SHI Tonghui , YAN Ning , LI Xueqin , LI Shi , CHEN Ran , DUAN Moyi , HU Guanghai , LIU Lunan , ZHANG Wei , CHEN Ming , ZHENG Yuanyang , YUAN Zhong , WANG Yong , XU Zhanghou , XU Liqing , ZI Pengfei , CHEN Liang , LIU Shaocheng , WU Donggui , DING Genfan , MENG Lingyi , WANG Zhengchu , ZANG Qing , WU Muquan , ZHU Xiang , HAO Baolong , LIN Xiaodong , GAO Xiang , WANG Liang , XU Guosheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A novel electromagnetic probe array (EMPA) diagnostic, which consists of a magnetic probe array and an electrostatic probe array, has recently been developed on EAST. The EMPA is fixed near the first wall at horizontal port P. The magnetic probe array of the EMPA consists of 24 identical magnetic probes, each of them capable of measuring toroidal, poloidal and radial magnetic fluctuations simultaneously, providing additional toroidal magnetic fluctuation measurements compared with the regular magnetic probes on EAST. With a higher sampling rate and self-resonant frequency, the EMPA magnetic probes can provide higher frequency magnetic fluctuation measurements. The magnetic probe array of the EMPA is composed of two parallel layers of magnetic probes with a radial distance of 63 mm, and each layer of magnetic probes is arranged in four poloidal rows and three toroidal columns. The compact arrangement of the EMPA magnetic probe array largely improves the toroidal mode number measurement ability from

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8
≤
n
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8

to

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112
≤
n
≤
112
,

and also improves the high poloidal wave number measurement ability of magnetic fluctuations compared with the regular high frequency magnetic probes on EAST. The electrostatic probe array of the EMPA consists of two sets of four-tip probes and a single-tip probe array with three poloidal rows and four toroidal columns. It complements the electrostatic parameter measurements behind the main limiter and near the first wall in EAST. The engineering details of the EMPA diagnostic, including the mechanical system, the electrical system, the acquisition and control system, and the effective area calibration, are presented. The preliminary applications of the EMPA in L-mode and H-mode discharges on EAST have demonstrated that the EMPA works well for providing information on the magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations and can contribute to deeper physical analysis in future EAST experiments.
Diminishing marginal effect in estimating the dissolved organic carbon export from a watershed
Authors: Wei Xinyuan , Hayes Daniel J , Ku Peijia , Yang Xiaojuan , Ricciuto Daniel M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can be initially moved from soils to inland waters with surface runoff, and then mineralized, buried, or eventually delivered to the coastal ocean. This land-to-ocean phase of the DOC flux must be accounted for to comprehensively understand the global carbon cycle. To estimate the terrestrial-aquatic DOC leaching, calculating the product of the riverine DOC concentration and the corresponding river discharge measured at the watershed outlet is a common method. However, it is challenging to frequently and exactly record riverine DOC concentrations, thus the relationship between DOC concentrations and discharges (C-Q relationship) are established and used to interpolate the time-series of DOC concentrations. We found that the widely used time-dependent and time-independent C-Q regression models are weak in representing their altered relationship when the discharge is extremely high, which was named as diminishing marginal effect. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two C-Q regression models and discussed possible reasons for the diminishing marginal effect. We suggest that repeated and long-term measurements of the DOC concentration are required to adequately analyze their relationships, especially during the early spring and seasons with heavy precipitations.
Results from a survey of life cycle assessment-aligned socioenvironmental priorities in US and Australian communities hosting oil, natural gas, coal, and solar thermal energy production
Authors: Grubert Emily 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Large energy infrastructure is often socially and environmentally disruptive, even as it provides services that people have come to depend on. Residents of areas affected by energy development often note both negative and positive impacts. This reflects the multicategory nature of socioenvironmental outcomes and emphasizes the importance of careful, community-oriented decision making about major infrastructural transitions for processes like decarbonization. Quantitative tools like life cycle assessment (LCA) seek to collect and report comprehensive impact data, but even when successful, their value for decision support is limited by a lack of mechanisms to systematically engage with values-driven tradeoffs across noncommensurable categories. Sensitivity analyses designed to help decision makers and interested parties make sense of data are common in LCA and similar tools, but values are rarely explicitly addressed. This lack of attention to values—arguably the most meaningful set of decision inputs in such tools—can lead to overreliance on single issue (e.g. climate change impact) or proxy (e.g. monetized cost) outputs that reduce the value of holistic evaluations. This research presents results from preregistered hypotheses for a survey of residents of energy-producing communities in the United States (US) and Australia, with the goal of with the goal of uncovering energy transition-relevant priorities by collecting empirical, quantitative data on people’s priorities for outcomes aligned with LCA. The survey was designed to identify diverse value systems, with the goal of making it easier for users to identify and consider value conflicts, potentially highlighting needs for further data collection, system redesign, or additional engagement. Notably, results reveal remarkably consistent priority patterns across communities and subgroups, suggesting that the common LCA practice of equal prioritization might be masking decision-relevant information. Although this effort was designed specifically to support research on energy transitions, future work could easily be extended more broadly.
MetaProFi: an ultrafast chunked Bloom filter for storing and querying protein and nucleotide sequence data for accurate identification of functionally relevant genetic variants
Authors: Srikakulam Sanjay K , Keller Sebastian , Dabbaghie Fawaz , Bals Robert , Kalinina Olga V 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMotivationBloom filters are a popular data structure that allows rapid searches in large sequence datasets. So far, all tools work with nucleotide sequences; however, protein sequences are conserved over longer evolutionary distances, and only mutations on the protein level may have any functional significance.ResultsWe present MetaProFi, a Bloom filter-based tool that, for the first time, offers the functionality to build indexes of amino acid sequences and query them with both amino acid and nucleotide sequences, thus bringing sequence comparison to the biologically relevant protein level. MetaProFi implements additional efficient engineering solutions, such as a shared memory system, chunked data storage and efficient compression. In addition to its conceptual novelty, MetaProFi demonstrates state-of-the-art performance and excellent memory consumption-to-speed ratio when applied to various large datasets.Availability and implementationSource code in Python is available at https://github.com/kalininalab/metaprofi.
SMITH: spatially constrained stochastic model for simulation of intra-tumour heterogeneity
Authors: Streck Adam , Kaufmann Tom L , Schwarz Roland F 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMotivationSimulations of cancer evolution are highly useful to study the effects of selection and mutation rates on cellular fitness. However, most methods are either lattice-based and cannot simulate realistically sized tumours, or they omit spatial constraints and lack the clonal dynamics of real-world tumours.ResultsStochastic model of intra-tumour heterogeneity (SMITH) is an efficient and explainable model of cancer evolution that combines a branching process with a new confinement mechanism limiting clonal growth based on the size of the individual clones as well as the overall tumour population. We demonstrate how confinement is sufficient to induce the rich clonal dynamics observed in spatial models and cancer samples across tumour types, while allowing for a clear geometric interpretation and simulation of 1 billion cells within a few minutes on a desktop PC.Availability and implementationSMITH is implemented in C# and freely available at https://bitbucket.org/schwarzlab/smith. For visualizations, we provide the accompanying Python package PyFish at https://bitbucket.org/schwarzlab/pyfish.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Behavioural subphenotypes and their anatomic correlates in neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Roy Ashlin R K , Datta Samir , Hardy Emily , Sturm Virginia E , Kramer Joel H , Seeley William W , Rankin Katherine P , Rosen Howard J , Miller Bruce L , Perry David C 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPatients with neurodegenerative disorders experience a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The neural correlates have been explored for many individual symptoms, such as apathy and disinhibition. Atrophy patterns have also been associated with broadly recognized syndromes that bring together multiple symptoms, such as the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. There is substantial heterogeneity of symptoms, with partial overlap of behaviour and affected neuroanatomy across and within dementia subtypes. It is not well established if there are anatomically distinct behavioural subphenotypes in neurodegenerative disease. The objective of this study was to identify shared behavioural profiles in frontotemporal dementia-spectrum and Alzheimer’s disease-related syndromes. Additionally, we sought to determine the underlying neural correlates of these symptom clusters. Two hundred and eighty-one patients diagnosed with one of seven different dementia syndromes, in addition to healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, completed a 109-item assessment capturing the severity of a range of clinical behaviours. A principal component analysis captured distinct clusters of related behaviours. Voxel-based morphometry analyses were used to identify regions of volume loss associated with each component. Seven components were identified and interpreted as capturing the following behaviours: Component 1—emotional bluntness, 2—emotional lability and disinhibition, 3—neuroticism, 4—rigidity and impatience, 5—indiscriminate consumption, 6—psychosis and 7—Geschwind syndrome-related behaviours. Correlations with structural brain volume revealed distinct neuroanatomical patterns associated with each component, including after controlling for diagnosis, suggesting that localized neurodegeneration can lead to the development of behavioural symptom clusters across various dementia syndromes.
The Higher Law and the Principle of Non-Recognition
Authors: Vitale Agnese 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The principle of non-recognition represented, and still represents, one of the most relevant legality-checking instruments that the legal order has set. The principle is always triggered by the existence of a conflict involving a higher norm, a conflict which can be normative or material. Its general function is preventing the consolidation of legal consequences deriving from acts or situations that are contrary to higher rules. Just as higher rules cut across the boundaries between the law of treaties and the law of international responsibility, the presence and the effects of the principle of non-recognition are to be found in the three main functions: creation of the law, ascertainment of a wrongful act and enforcement of the law.
The Thinkery and the Academy: Examining the Legal Parameters and Interactions of Academic Freedom and Freedom of Expression Under English Law
Authors: Murray James 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper examines how the right to free expression and academic freedom interact under English and international law, discusses how those two rights have traditionally been thought to interact, and considers how they can be brought together with the concept of academic free expression. In doing so, the article examines the legal parameters and key characteristics of academic free expression, namely: what is the protection afforded to it; what are its ‘qualifying criteria’; what are its limits and how might the protection afforded to it be lost; and, where might such protection not be lost as compared to the general right to free expression. To end, the article discusses why this all matters with reference to recent high-profile disputes over academic freedom, and examines how these issues interact with other UK laws, in particular, the upcoming Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Bill.
Bullying Victimization in High School: Perceptions and Responses of Black Parents
Authors: Threlfall Jennifer , Auslander Wendy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractYouth who are bullied are more likely to experience negative social and educational outcomes; these problems may be exacerbated for Black youth who also experience racial bullying or discrimination as part of their victimization. This study investigated the ways in which Black parents understand and respond to their adolescent children’s bullying victimization in school. Twenty-four parents of high school–aged children participated in qualitative interviews. Following a thematic analysis, results indicated three major ways in which parents responded to their children’s victimization. Parents listened to their children and offered advice about how to respond to bullies. They engaged with their children’s schools, identifying issues that perpetuated victimization. Last, they sought to draw lessons for their children about coping with victimization in the future. Findings highlighted how parents understand bullying to be influenced by institutional and societal factors, including racism and discrimination, and adapt their parenting strategies in response to the environment they expect their children to encounter.
Island remodelling in acute and chronic aortic dissection treated with frozen elephant trunk
Authors: Dohle Daniel-Sebastian , Mattern Leon , Pfeiffer Philipp , Probst Chris , Ghazy Ahmed , Treede Hendrik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe island technique for reimplantation of supra-aortic vessels in frozen elephant surgery is commonly used but might be questioned for dissected vessels. This study analyses the remodelling of reimplanted supra-aortic vessels after FET in acute and chronic aortic dissection (CAD).METHODSBetween June 2017 and April 2021, 133 patients were operated for acute and CAD using the frozen elephant technique. The island technique for reimplantation of the supra-aortic vessels was used in 94/133 patients. In 68 acute and 21 chronic patients, the total vessel lumen (VL), true lumen, false lumen (FL) and perfused FL area were measured in the innominate, right common carotid and left common carotid artery. Relative luminal changes were compared.RESULTSIn acute aortic dissection, 80% innominate, 40% right carotid and 59% left carotid arteries were dissected preoperatively, but postoperatively FL was only patent in 29%, 12% and 10% (P &lt; 0.001). FL disappearance resulted in &gt;20% total VL reduction in innominate, right carotid and left carotid artery (P &lt; 0.01). In CAD, only 38% innominate, 14% right carotid and 43% left carotid arteries were dissected preoperatively, but postoperatively FL was patent in 19% (ns), 10% (ns) and 5% (P = 0.009).CONCLUSIONVascular remodelling is frequently found after the island technique. In acute aortic dissection, the island technique frequently initiates FL disappearance associated with VL decrease. Continuously dissected head vessels show positive remodelling with true lumen increase without VL increase. FL disappearance is frequently found in CAD.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty followed by pulmonary endarterectomy: Combination treatment for high-surgical-risk patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Shimahara Yusuke , Suzuki Shun , Fujiyoshi Toshiki , Honda Sayaka , Koizumi Nobusato , Yamashita Jun , Sasaki Yuichi , Ito Ryosuke , Takahashi Lisa , Nakai Michikazu , Ogino Hitoshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to evaluate the combined effects of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) followed by pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) to treat high-surgical-risk patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

METHODS
This study included 58 patients with CTEPH who had pulmonary vascular resistance of ≥1000 dyn·s/cm5, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) of ≥45 mmHg or mPAP of 38–44 mmHg with comorbidities. Of these, 21 patients underwent the combined therapy of BPA followed by PEA (BPA group) and 37 underwent direct PEA (non-BPA group). Preoperative and postoperative results were compared between the 2 groups. An early postoperative composite event comprised the postoperative use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or intra-aortic balloon pump, in-hospital death, rescue BPA, prolonged ventilation, tracheostomy, prolonged stay in the intensive care unit, deep sternal wound infection and cerebral infarction.

RESULTS
Before the first intervention (before BPA or direct PEA), patients in the BPA group had a higher mPAP than those in the non-BPA group. After undergoing BPA before PEA, the BPA group demonstrated significantly decreased mPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (43 vs 52 mmHg, P &lt; 0.001; 636 vs 965 dyn·s/cm5, P = 0.003, respectively) and significantly increased cardiac output (4.1 vs 3.5 l/min, P = 0.041). Notably, the number of patients with the early postoperative composite event was significantly lower in the BPA group than in the non-BPA group (4.8% vs 35.1%, P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with direct PEA, the combination therapy of BPA followed by PEA can be a feasible and effective risk-reduction strategy for high-surgical-risk patients with CTEPH.