bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frailty Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Evidence From Swedish Population Data
Authors: Wennberg Alexandra M , Matthews Anthony , Talbäck Mats , Ebeling Marcus , Ek Stina , Feychting Maria , Modig Karin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Incidence and survival of breast cancer, the most common cancer among women, have been increasing, leaving survivors at risk of aging-related health conditions. In this matched cohort study, we examined frailty risk with the Hospital Frailty Risk Score among breast cancer survivors (n = 34,900) and age-matched comparison subjects (n = 290,063). Women born in 1935–1975, registered in the Swedish Total Population Register (1991–2015), were eligible for inclusion. Survivors had a first breast cancer diagnosis in 1991–2005 and survived ≥5 years after initial diagnosis. Death date was determined by linkage to the National Cause of Death Registry (through 2015). Cancer survivorship was weakly associated with frailty (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.07). In age-stratified models, those diagnosed at younger ages (&lt;50 years) had higher risk of frailty (SHR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.24) than those diagnosed at ages 50–65 (SHR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07) or &gt;65 (SHR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) years. Additionally, there was increased risk of frailty for diagnoses in 2000 or later (SHR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.21) compared with before 2000 (SHR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.17). This supports work from smaller samples showing that breast cancer survivors have increased frailty risk, particularly when diagnosed at younger ages.
Genetic differentiation within species exhibiting widespread gene flow; phylogeography of the downstream-inhabiting speciesEphemera orientalis(Insecta: Ephemeroptera)
Authors: Takenaka Masaki , Kogawara Hiroaki , Bae Yeon Jae , Tojo Koji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElucidating the mechanism of formation of biota on islands will contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that generate biodiversity. In this study, we focus on the evolutionary history of Ephemera orientalis, which is distributed in East Asia. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I and the nuclear DNA histone H3 regions. We found that these mayflies exhibit genetic differentiation between the Japanese and Korean populations. The Tsushima population, which is located between the Japanese Islands and the Korean Peninsula, was positioned genetically as a continental clade. The populations of the Fuji-Goko Lakes and Lake Ashino-ko in Central Japan were genetically differentiated from the other populations. The genetic structures over a wide area of the Japanese Islands were confirmed and a loose genetic regionality was observed, which was thought to result from secondary contact of the north-eastern and south-western lineages after their long separation by a geohistorical division event. We have gathered important knowledge regarding the evolutionary history of organisms on islands and investigated the colonization and isolation of biological populations within a species with high dispersal ability.
Faecal immunochemical testing for haemoglobin in detecting bowel polyps in symptomatic patients: multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Bath Michael F , Malhi Aman , Ayling Ruth M , Seward Edward , Pritchard-Jones Kathy , Laszlo Helga E , Hackshaw Allan , Machesney Michael R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Measurement of faecal haemoglobin using faecal immunochemistry testing is recommended in patients presenting with symptoms suspicious for colorectal cancer, to aid in triage and prioritization of definitive investigations. While its role in colorectal cancer has been extensively investigated, the ability of faecal immunochemistry testing to detect adenomas in symptomatic patients is unclear.

Methods
A multicentre prospective observational study was conducted between April 2017 and March 2019, recruiting adults from 24 hospitals across England and 59 general practices in London who had been urgently referred with suspected colorectal cancer symptoms. Each patient provided a stool sample for faecal immunochemistry testing, in parallel with definitive investigation. A final diagnosis for each patient was recorded, including the presence, size, histology, and risk type of colonic polyps. The outcome of interest was the sensitivity of faecal immunochemistry testing in detecting the presence of adenomas.

Results
Of 3496 patients included in the analysis, 553 (15.8 per cent) had polyps diagnosed. Sensitivity of faecal immunochemistry testing for polyp detection was low across all ranges; with a cut-off for faecal haemoglobin of 4 µg/g or lower, sensitivity was 34.9 per cent and 46.8 per cent for all polyp types and high-risk polyps respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in detection probability was relatively low for both intermediate-risk (0.63) and high-risk polyps (0.63).

Conclusion
While faecal immunochemistry testing may be useful in prioritizing investigations to diagnose colorectal cancer, if used as a sole test, the majority of polyps would be missed and the opportunity to prevent progression to colorectal cancer may be lost.
Automatic purse-string suture skill assessment in transanal total mesorectal excision using deep learning-based video analysis
Authors: Kitaguchi Daichi , Teramura Koichi , Matsuzaki Hiroki , Hasegawa Hiro , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Ito Masaaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPurse-string suture in transanal total mesorectal excision is a key procedural step. The aims of this study were to develop an automatic skill assessment system for purse-string suture in transanal total mesorectal excision using deep learning and to evaluate the reliability of the score output from the proposed system.MethodsPurse-string suturing extracted from consecutive transanal total mesorectal excision videos was manually scored using a performance rubric scale and computed into a deep learning model as training data. Deep learning-based image regression analysis was performed, and the purse-string suture skill scores predicted by the trained deep learning model (artificial intelligence score) were output as continuous variables. The outcomes of interest were the correlation, assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, between the artificial intelligence score and the manual score, purse-string suture time, and surgeon’s experience.ResultsForty-five videos obtained from five surgeons were evaluated. The mean(s.d.) total manual score was 9.2(2.7) points, the mean(s.d.) total artificial intelligence score was 10.2(3.9) points, and the mean(s.d.) absolute error between the artificial intelligence and manual scores was 0.42(0.39). Further, the artificial intelligence score significantly correlated with the purse-string suture time (correlation coefficient = −0.728) and surgeon’s experience (P&lt; 0.001).ConclusionAn automatic purse-string suture skill assessment system using deep learning-based video analysis was shown to be feasible, and the results indicated that the artificial intelligence score was reliable. This application could be expanded to other endoscopic surgeries and procedures.
Multiomics and machine-learning identify novel transcriptional and mutational signatures in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Catanese Alberto , Rajkumar Sandeep , Sommer Daniel , Masrori Pegah , Hersmus Nicole , Van Damme Philip , Witzel Simon , Ludolph Albert , Ho Ritchie , Boeckers Tobias M , Mulaw Medhanie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the neurons of the motor system. Despite the increasing understanding of its genetic components, their biological meanings are still poorly understood. Indeed, it is still not clear to which extent the pathological features associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are commonly shared by the different genes causally linked to this disorder. To address this point, we combined multiomics analysis covering the transcriptional, epigenetic and mutational aspects of heterogenous human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived C9orf72-, TARDBP-, SOD1- and FUS-mutant motor neurons as well as datasets from patients’ biopsies. We identified a common signature, converging towards increased stress and synaptic abnormalities, which reflects a unifying transcriptional program in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis despite the specific profiles due to the underlying pathogenic gene. In addition, whole genome bisulphite sequencing linked the altered gene expression observed in mutant cells to their methylation profile, highlighting deep epigenetic alterations as part of the abnormal transcriptional signatures linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We then applied multi-layer deep machine-learning to integrate publicly available blood and spinal cord transcriptomes and found a statistically significant correlation between their top predictor gene sets, which were significantly enriched in toll-like receptor signalling. Notably, the overrepresentation of this biological term also correlated with the transcriptional signature identified in mutant human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons, highlighting novel insights into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis marker genes in a tissue-independent manner. Finally, using whole genome sequencing in combination with deep learning, we generated the first mutational signature for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and defined a specific genomic profile for this disease, which is significantly correlated to ageing signatures, hinting at age as a major player in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This work describes innovative methodological approaches for the identification of disease signatures through the combination of multiomics analysis and provides novel knowledge on the pathological convergencies defining amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Understanding and Improving Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates in the Age of Widespread Background Immunity: A Step Toward Improved Science Communication
Authors: Nirenberg Edward , Perencevich Eli N 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMedical decision making and scientific communication around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and booster doses requires proper understanding of how vaccine effectiveness estimates are determined and the potential biases inherent in current estimates. The importance of background immunity from prior infection is reviewed along with ideas for improving the vaccine effectiveness estimates.
CD4/CD8 Ratio During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment: Time for Routine Monitoring?
Authors: Ron Raquel , Moreno Elena , Martínez-Sanz Javier , Brañas Fátima , Sainz Talía , Moreno Santiago , Serrano-Villar Sergio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the last decade, studies in persons with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shed light on the significance of persistently high CD8 counts and low CD4/CD8 ratios. A low CD4/CD8 ratio reflects increased immune activation and is associated with an increased risk of severe non-AIDS events. As a result, many clinicians now believe that the CD4/CD8 ratio can help in HIV monitoring, and many researchers now report it as an efficacy marker in interventional studies. However, the topic is more complex. Recent studies have not yielded unanimous conclusions on the ability of the CD4/CD8 ratio to predict adverse outcomes, and only some clinical guidelines recommend monitoring it. Knowledge gaps remain on the best cutoff points, associated clinical events, effects of treatments, and how the CD4/CD8 ratio could improve decision making in the clinic. Here, we critically review the literature, identify knowledge gaps, and discuss the role of the CD4/CD8 ratio as a marker for HIV monitoring.
Thorstein Veblen’s Absentee Ownership in the Age of the Anthropocene: Law, Technology and Climate Crisis
Authors: Plotkin Sidney 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper reconsiders Veblen’s Absentee Ownership on the centennial of its publication in 1923. It offers a reading of the work in relation to climate change in the new geologic age of the Anthropocene. The central finding is that Veblen’s analysis of the power implications of finance capital and law stand up well as guides to understanding the inertia of US energy policy. However, the book’s concept of ‘the industrial system’ is found seriously wanting. Conceiving of ‘the industrial system’ as a balanced whole of inter-connected mechanical processes, Veblen’s model fails to grasp how that industrial logic might be open to the environment and thus a major source of de-stabilising climate warming gases. More, this outcome is a result of industrial processes, regardless of which social group exercises control of the system: e.g. financiers, communists, or technicians. That is, while Veblen well understands the impact of technology on society, he tends not to envision how industrial technology itself can change Nature in unanticipated and destructive ways. The weaknesses of Veblen’s concept are traced back to his understanding of Nature as a structure of brute forces, scientific knowledge of which permits its effective technological control.
High Burden of Obesity and Low Rates of Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 10-Year Trend
Authors: Elangovan Abbinaya , Shah Raj , Ali Sajjadh M J , Katz Jeffry , Cooper Gregory S 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in the last decade. There is a paucity of data on the recent trend of obesity and the utilization of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy in IBD. We aimed to use a population-level database to analyze their trends.MethodsA retrospective analysis of population-level data from 2010 to 2019 was performed among individuals ≥18 years of age using a commercial database, IBM Explorys. The prevalence and trends of obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), essential hypertension, dyslipidemia and/or hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, and anti-obesity pharmacotherapy were studied. Univariate analysis using chi-square test and trend analysis using the Cochrane Armitage test were performed.ResultsAmong 39 717 520 adults, 37.3% of IBD patients have a diagnosis of obesity (Crohn’s disease 36.9% vs ulcerative colitis 38.5%, P &lt; .0001). The proportion of IBD adults with obesity and metabolic comorbidities increased from 2010 to 2019: obesity (19.7%–30.1%), DM2 (8.3%–12.5%), hypertension (25.1%–33.9%), hyperlipidemia (22.1%–32.2%), and sleep apnea (4.1%–10.8%). All comparisons were statistically significant (P &lt; .0001). Only 2.8% of eligible adults with obesity were prescribed anti-obesity pharmacotherapy in the last 10 years, with trends increasing from 1.4% to 3.6%, 2010–2019.ConclusionsWith obesity being a harbinger for metabolic syndrome, the increase in obesity in IBD patients was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the diseases associated with obesity in the past decade. However, this alarming rise in obesity was accompanied by a disproportionately small increase in anti-obesity pharmacotherapy similar to general population.
General practice trainees’ telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fisher Katie , Tapley Amanda , Ralston Anna , Davey Andrew , Fielding Alison , van Driel Mieke , Holliday Elizabeth , Ball Jean , Dizon Jason , Spike Neil , Clarke Lisa , Magin Parker 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic, remuneration was introduced for Australian general practice telehealth consultations. General practitioner (GP) trainees’ telehealth use is of clinical, educational, and policy importance. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associations of telehealth versus face-to-face consultations amongst Australian GP registrars (vocational GP trainees).

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) study, from 2020 to 2021 (three 6-month terms), including registrars in 3 of Australia’s 9 Regional Training Organisations. In ReCEnT, GP registrars record details of 60 consecutive consultations, 6 monthly. The primary analysis used univariate and multivariable logistic regression, with outcome of whether the consultation was conducted via telehealth (phone and videoconference) or face-to-face.

Results
1,168 registrars recorded details of 102,286 consultations, of which 21.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.1%–21.6%) were conducted via telehealth. Statistically significant associations of a telehealth consultation included shorter consultation duration (odds ratio [OR] 0.93, 95% CI: 0.93–0.94; and mean 12.9 versus 18.7 min); fewer problems addressed per consultation (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.97); being less likely to seek assistance from a supervisor (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.96) while being more likely to generate learning goals (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.37); and being more likely to arrange a follow-up consultation (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.35).

Conclusions
That telehealth consultations were shorter, with higher rates of follow-up, has GP workforce/workload implications. That telehealth consultations were less likely to involve in-consultation supervisor support, but more likely to generate learning goals, has educational implications.
Temperature and interspecific interactions drive differences in carbon use efficiencies and biomass stoichiometry among aquatic fungi
Authors: Tomczyk Nathan J , Rosemond Amy D , Whiteis Ally M , Benstead Jonathan P , Gulis Vladislav 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSaprotrophic fungi play important roles in transformations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in aquatic environments. However, it is unclear how warming will alter fungal cycling of C, N, and P. We conducted an experiment with four aquatic hyphomycetes (Articulospora tetracladia, Hydrocina chaetocladia, Flagellospora sp., and Aquanectria penicillioides), and an assemblage of the same taxa, to test how temperature alters C and nutrient use. Specifically, we evaluated biomass accrual, C:N, C:P, δ13C, and C use efficiency (CUE) over a 35-d experiment with temperatures ranging from 4ºC to 20ºC. Changes in biomass accrual and CUE were predominantly quadratic with peaks between 7ºC and 15ºC. The C:P of H. chaetocladia biomass increased 9× over the temperature gradient, though the C:P of other taxa was unaffected by temperature. Changes in C:N were relatively small across temperatures. Biomass δ13C of some taxa changed across temperatures, indicating differences in C isotope fractionation. Additionally, the 4-species assemblage differed from null expectations based on the monocultures in terms of biomass accrual, C:P, δ13C, and CUE, suggesting that interactions among taxa altered C and nutrient use. These results highlight that temperature and interspecific interactions among fungi can alter traits affecting C and nutrient cycling.
Description ofDefluviimonas salinarumsp. nov. with the potential of benzene-degradation isolated from saltern in the Yellow Seacoast
Authors: Lee Yunjeong , Kim Jong-Hwa , Yoon Jung-Hoon , Lee Jung-Sook , Sukhoom Ampaitip , Kim Wonyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStrain CAU 1641T was isolated from saltern collected in Ganghwa Island, Republic of Korea. The bacterium was an aerobic, Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium. Cell of strain CAU 1641T could grow at 20–40°C and pH 6.0–9.0 with 1.0–3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Stain CAU 1641T shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Defluviimonas aquaemixtae KCTC 42108T (98.0%), Defluviimonas denitrificans DSM 18921T (97.6%), and Defluviimonas aestuarii KACC 16442T (97.5%). Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene and the core-genome sequences indicated that strain CAU 1641T belonged to genus Defluviimonas. Strain CAU 1641T contained ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone and and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c) as the predominant fatty acid (86.1%). The pan-genome analysis indicated that the genomes of the strain CAU 1641T and 15 reference strains contain a small core genome. The Average Nucleotide Identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values among strain CAU 1641T and reference strains of the genus Defluviimonas were in the range of 77.6%–78.8% and 21.1–22.1%, respectively. The genome of strain CAU 1641T has several genes of benzene degradation. The genomic G + C content was 66.6%. Based on polyphasic and genomic analyses, strain CAU 1641T represents a novel species of the genus Defluviimonas, for which the name Defluviimonas salinarum sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1641T ( = KCTC 92081T = MCCC 1K07180T).
Between metropole and colony: Bordels militaires de campagne in colonial Morocco and France in the twentieth century
Authors: Phipps Catherine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Bordels militaires de campagne (BMCs) were French military brothels in North Africa under colonial occupation. This system was extended to metropolitan France during the First and Second World Wars due to fears of sexual violence or consensual relationships between Moroccan men and French women. Even after brothels were banned in metropolitan France in 1946, French military authorities illegally brought hundreds of Moroccan women to France to work in BMCs because of the Moroccan soldiers still present in the metropole. With poor living conditions, underage labour and a high workload, French military brothels exploited Moroccan women to theoretically ‘protect’ European women against sexual violence from Moroccan men. This was based on a racialized understanding of Moroccan masculinity. This article uses the experiences of these Moroccan women and details of the sex work system in Morocco to understand the systemic cruelty behind the operation of these French military brothels.
Perspectives on the Relationship Between Copyright and Design Law after Cofemel/G-Star – The Australian Regulation of Copyright/Design Overlap as a Role Model for European Law?
Authors: Jänich Volker Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The relationship between copyright and design law has again come more into focus as a result of the Court of Justice of the European Union’s (CJEU) decision in the Cofemel/G-Star case. EU law enables dual protection of designs both through copyright and through design law. Australian copyright law tries to exclude or at least limit dual protection. This article considers the advantages and disadvantages of dual protection and outlines a suggestion for sharpening the distinction between copyright and design law.
Antitrust Unchained: The EU’s Case Against Self-Preferencing
Authors: Colangelo Giuseppe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Self-preferencing is the symbol of the competition policy Zeitgeist in digital markets. Large online platforms acting as gatekeepers to their ecosystems and engaging in a dual mode intermediation are accused of taking advantage of their hybrid business model by granting preferential treatment to their own products and services. Alongside the recent legislative initiatives undertaken around the world to impose a neutrality regime over digital gatekeepers by targeting different forms of self-preferencing, this practice is also emerging in Europe as a new antitrust theory of harm advanced by courts and competition authorities. In the aftermath of the General Court’s decision in Google Shopping and against the risk that the new label may merely provide antitrust enforcers with the opportunity to skip the legal standards and evidentiary burdens required to prove traditional anticompetitive behavior, this paper investigates whether and to what extent self-preferencing could be considered a new standalone offence in EU competition law.