bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate students' espoused beliefs about different approaches to engineering design decisions
Authors: Guanes Giselle , Leonard Alexia , Dringenberg Emily 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEngineers are socialized to value rational approaches to problem solving. A lack of awareness of how engineers use different decision‐making approaches is problematic because it perpetuates the ongoing development of inequitable engineering designs and contributes to a lack of inclusion in the field. Although researchers have explored how engineering students are socialized, further work is needed to understand students' beliefs about different decision‐making approaches.Purpose/HypothesisWe explored the espoused beliefs of undergraduate students about technical, empathic, experience‐based, and guess‐based approaches to engineering design decisions.Design/MethodWe conducted semistructured one‐on‐one interviews with 20 senior engineering students at the conclusion of their capstone design experience. We used a combination of deductive and inductive data condensation approaches to generate categories of beliefs.ResultsWe identified a total of nine categories of beliefs, organized by approach. Although students' espoused beliefs did reflect the emphasis on technical approaches present in their socialization, they also described technical approaches as limited and overvalued.ConclusionThe landscape of beliefs presented make explicit both the challenges and the opportunities that students' beliefs play as the backdrop for any efforts of engineering educators to develop engineers as effective and equitable engineering designers.
Shaping and coordinating the implementation science agenda for injectable cabotegravir for PrEP: the role of the Biomedical Prevention Implementation Collaborative (BioPIC)
Authors: Warren Mitchell , Nyagah Wawira , Verde Hashim Catherine , Rodolph Michelle , Schaefer Robin , Schmidt Heather‐Marie A , Baggaley Rachel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionData from two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that injectable cabotegravir (CAB) for pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was efficacious in reducing HIV acquisition. The US Food and Drug Administration approved CAB for PrEP in December 2021; Australia in August 2022; Zimbabwe in October 2022; South Africa in November 2022; Malawi in March 2023; and regulatory approvals are being sought in additional countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended CAB be offered to people at substantial risk of HIV in July 2022. However, implementation experience beyond RCTs is limited. As countries consider CAB implementation, questions remain regarding delivery and involvement of populations excluded from the trials. A coordinated approach is needed to ensure these are addressed and CAB can be introduced in low‐ and middle‐income countries in timely, acceptable and effective ways.DiscussionBeginning in 2018, the Biomedical Prevention Implementation Collaborative (BioPIC) convened over 100 global health experts to develop a comprehensive introduction strategy for CAB. Using this roadmap, country landscaping for CAB introduction and lessons from oral PrEP implementation, AVAC and WHO co‐convened 50 researchers, donors, implementers and civil society in September 2021 to: (1) identify questions and evidence gaps related to CAB across contexts and partners; (2) define the implementation science agenda; and (3) agree on mechanism(s) for future coordination. As a result, CAB‐related questions were identified, including: defining optimal and feasible HIV testing strategies that expand access; delivery models; integration with a range of services, including family planning and antenatal care; and embedding CAB in demand generation for HIV prevention choices. Through convenings and mapping of implementation research, BioPIC identified gaps in populations, geographies and delivery approaches.ConclusionsThe introduction strategy refined by BioPIC lays the groundwork for future HIV prevention products. Ongoing policy and implementation dialogue is critical to accelerate the design of CAB implementation studies that adequately address priority knowledge gaps. Additional long‐acting HIV prevention products may be available over the next 5 years, increasing choice, but potentially making delivery and stakeholder engagement more complex. Ongoing coordination with WHO will accelerate the adoption of evidence‐based policies and wide‐scale implementation, and lessons from BioPIC can inform introduction processes for long‐acting HIV prevention products.
Probiotic‐fermented Qushi decoction alleviates reserpine‐induced spleen deficiency syndrome by regulating spleen function and gut microbiota dysbiosis
Authors: Zeng Wenshen , Chen Yang , Zhang Huan , Peng Luwei , Li Yaqi , Liu Bing , Liang Hongbo , Du Bing , Li Pan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) is associated with elevated inflammatory factors and dysregulation of gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota. Qushi decoction (QD), a traditional formula, has not been reported using modern scientific research methods for changes in its probiotic fermented QD (FQD) composition and its potential mechanisms to alleviate SDS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the splenic protection of FQD in SDS rats by modulating gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota.RESULTSThe results showed that FQD increased total polysaccharides, total protein, total flavonoids and the other active ingredients compared to QD, effectively improved splenic inflammation and apoptosis in SDS rats, and modulated gastrointestinal motility hormones to alleviate diarrhea and other symptoms. In addition, the dysregulation of the gut microbiota was reversed by increasing the levels of Bifidobacterium and decreasing the levels of Escherichia–Shigella and Proteobacteria, which may be related to the regulation of bacterial metabolites to alleviate SDS.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that FQD is an effective formula for improving SDS. Our findings show that FQD beneficial to the implications for the treatment of SDS. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Long‐term effects of pancreatic islet transplantation on polyneuropathy in patients with brittle diabetes: A single‐center experience
Authors: Alhaidar Mohammed , Soliven Betty , Liao Chuanhong , Rubeiz Helene , Ogledzinski Mateusz , Witkowski Piotr , Rezania Kourosh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPancreatic islet transplantation (ITx) is increasingly used in patients with brittle type 1 diabetes (T1D). If successful, ITx results in insulin‐free euglycemia, but its application is limited by a need for lifelong immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to assess the long‐term effects of ITx on the occurrence and course of polyneuropathy in a cohort of patients with brittle T1D.MethodsIn this prospective, single‐center study, 13 patients (4 males and 9 females) with brittle T1D had a baseline neurological exam with the calculation of Utah Neuropathy Scale (UNS) and a limited nerve conduction study before ITx, and about yearly after in the patients who achieved insulin independence.ResultsPatients were followed for a period of 17 to 133 months. There was no significant difference between UNS and nerve conduction study parameters at baseline and at the end of follow‐up, except for significant decreases in peroneal (50.34 ± 6.12 vs. 52.42 ± 6.47 ms, P = 0.005) and ulnar (27.5 ± 2.15 vs. 29.45 ± 2.10 ms, P = 0.009) F‐wave latencies and an increase in ulnar sensory nerve conduction velocity (49.98 ± 6.27 vs. 47.19 ± 5.36 m/s, P = 0.04).DiscussionIf successful, ITx has a good long‐term safety profile for peripheral nerve toxicity, and a favorable effect on diabetic neuropathy.
Total positivity and accurate computations with Gram matrices of Said‐Ball bases
Authors: Mainar E. , Peña J. M. , Rubio B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, it is proved that Gram matrices of totally positive bases of the space of polynomials of a given degree on a compact interval are totally positive. Conditions to guarantee computations to high relative accuracy with those matrices are also obtained. Furthermore, a fast and accurate algorithm to compute the bidiagonal factorization of Gram matrices of the Said‐Ball bases is obtained and used to compute to high relative accuracy their singular values and inverses, as well as the solution of some linear systems associated with these matrices. Numerical examples are included.
The growth of hierarchy in organizations: Managing knowledge scope
Authors: Lawrence Megan , Poliquin Christopher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryTheory posits hierarchy as a response to coordination challenges and emphasizes organization size and the need to transfer knowledge as the mainspring of these challenges. This connection, however, is largely based on the quantity of knowledge to be transferred rather than its characteristics. Building on the knowledge‐based view, we propose that knowledge scope—the variety of knowledge across an organization's members—affects coordination costs and hierarchy expansion. Using an economy‐wide database from Brazil, we show that firms are more likely to expand their hierarchy when knowledge scope increases. This effect varies with firms' capacities to manage knowledge; firms whose employees perform more similar tasks or have shared experience at previous employers are less likely to expand hierarchy in response to increases in knowledge scope.Managerial SummaryGrowing organizations often struggle to coordinate the work of their employees within their current organizational structures. We distinguish coordination problems generated by increased size from problems generated by expanding the variety of knowledge used and argue that both spur organizations to hire additional managers. Using a database of Brazilian startups, we show that a greater variety of knowledge used is associated with the expansion of hierarchy. Additionally, we find that organizations whose employees have more shared work experience have a greater ability to coordinate and thus delay the expansion of hierarchy. Overall, our results show the importance of the characteristics of an organization's knowledge base for organizational structure and suggest building teams with shared experience can enhance an organization's ability to adapt to coordination challenges.
A Versatile Extended Stöber Approach to Monodisperse Sub‐40 nm Carbon Nanospheres for Stabilizing Atomically Dispersed Fe─N4 Sites Toward Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lu Tingyu , Zhang Sike , Zhou Qixing , Wang Rui , Pang Huan , Yang Jun , Zhang Mingyi , Xu Lin , Xi Shibo , Sun Dongmei , Jin Can , Tang Yawen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of atomically dispersed iron‐nitrogen‐carbon (Fe─N─C) catalysts as an alternative to precious platinum holds great potential for the substantial progress of a variety of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)‐associated energy conversion technologies. Nevertheless, the precise synthesis of Fe─N─C single atomic catalysts (SACs) with a high density of accessible active sites and pronounced electrocatalytic performance still remains an enormous challenge. Herein, an innovative extended Stöber method is designed for the controllable preparation of monodisperse small‐sized N‐doped carbon colloidal nanospheres (≈40 nm) anchoring atomically isolated Fe─N4 sites (abbreviated as Fe‐SA@N‐CNSs hereafter) with a narrow size distribution and high uniformity. Benefiting from the single Fe─N4 moieties and the unique spherical carbon substrate, the resultant Fe‐SA@N‐CNSs exhibit excellent ORR activity, outstanding long‐term durability, and methanol tolerance in KOH electrolyte. More impressively, when further assembled into a flexible solid‐state rechargeable zinc–air battery (ZAB), the Fe‐SA@N‐CNSs‐driven ZAB delivers a higher open circuit voltage, a larger power density, and robust cycling/mechanical stability, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C‐based counterpart and further testifying the great potential of the as‐prepared Fe‐SA@N‐CNSs in diverse ORR‐related practical energy devices. The developed extended Stöber method provides an efficient and versatile avenue toward the preparation of a series of well‐defined SACs for diverse electrocatalytic systems.
A Gradient Lithiophilic Structure for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes with Ultrahigh Rate and Ultradeep Capacity
Authors: Peng Gangqiang , Zheng Qianfeng , Luo Geng , Zheng Dawei , Feng Shien‐Ping , Khan Ubaid , Akbar Abdul Rehman , Luo Haimei , Liu Fude 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing three‐dimensional current collectors (3DCC) as frameworks for lithium metal anodes (LMAs) is a promising approach to inhibit dendrite growth. However, the intrinsically accumulated current density on the top surface and limited Li‐ion transfer in the interior of 3DCC still lead to the formation of lithium dendrites, which can pose safety risks. In this study, it reports that gradient lithiophilic structures can induce uniform lithium deposition within the interior of the 3DCC, greatly suppressing dendrite formation, as confirmed by COMSOL simulations and experimental results. With this concept, a gradient‐structured zinc oxide‐loaded copper foam (GSZO‐CF) is synthesized via an easy solution‐combustion method at low cost. The resulting Li@GSZO‐CF symmetric cells demonstrate stable cycling performance for over 800 cycles, with an ultra‐deep capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 even under an ultra‐high current density of 50 mA cm−2, the top results reported in the literature. Moreover, when combined with a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode under a low negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio of 2.9, the Li@GSZO‐CF||LFP full cells exhibit stable performance for 200 cycles, with a discharge capacity of 130 mAh g−1 and retention of 85.5% at a charging/discharging rate of 1C. These findings suggest a promising strategy for the development of new‐generation LMAs.
Construction of Magnetic Core–Large Mesoporous Satellite Immunosensor for Long‐Lasting Chemiluminescence and Highly Sensitive Tumor Marker Determination
Authors: Liu Shude , Li Juan , Zou Yidong , Jiang Yongjian , Wu Limin , Deng Yonghui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChemiluminescence immunoassay exhibits high sensitivity and signal‐to‐noise ratio, thus attracting great attention in the early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of diseases. However, the collection of conventional flash‐type chemiluminescence signal (<5 s) relies heavily on automatic sampling and reading instrument. Herein, a novel core‐satellite multifunctional chemiluminescence immunosensor is designed for the efficient enrichment and highly sensitive determination of cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with enhanced and long‐lasting output signal that can be conveniently recorded by a simple microplate plate reading instrument. Anti‐CEA monoclonal antibody 2 (Ab2) modified Fe3O4@SiO2 microspheres (Fe3O4@SiO2‐Ab2, 370 nm in diameter) are synthesized as the core for selectively capturing and enriching target CEA in solution, and anti‐human CEA monoclonal antibody 1 (Ab1) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) co‐immobilized dendritic large‐mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs‐HRP/Ab1, 80 nm in diameter, pore size: 17 nm) are synthesized as the satellite for efficient immunological recognition and signal amplification. The as‐designed core‐satellite magnetic chemiluminescence immunosensors exhibit a broad linear range of 0.01−20 ng mL−1 and a low detection limit of 3.0 pg mL−1 for the convenient, highly specific, and sensitive determination of CEA in human serum. Such core‐satellite chemiluminescence immunosensors are expected to act as a powerful tool for in vitro detection of various biomarkers, overcome the defect of conventional chemiluminescence relying heavily on expensive and bulky automatic instruments and popularize chemiluminescence analysis to primary medical institutions and remote areas.
Unraveling the Asymmetric O─O Radical Coupling Mechanism on Ru─O─Co for Enhanced Acidic Water Oxidation
Authors: Liang Jing , Gao Xutao , Xu Ke , Lu Jun , Liu Delong , Zhao Zhiwei , Tse Edmund C. M. , Peng Zhangquan , Zhang Wanbin , Liu Jinxuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous oxides with multiple interfaces provide significant advantages in electrocatalytic activity and stability. However, controlling the local structure of these oxides is challenging. In this work, unique heterojunctions are demonstrated based on two oxide types, which are formed via pyrolysis of a ruthenocene metal–organic framework (Ru‐MOF) at specific temperatures. The resulted Ru‐MOF‐400 exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity, with an overpotential of 190 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 m HClO4, and a mass activity of 2557 A gRu−1, three orders of magnitude higher than commercial RuO2. The Ru─O─Co bond formed by the incorporation of Co into the rutile lattice of RuO2 inhibits the disolution of Ru. Operando electrochemical investigations and density functional theory results reveal that the Ru‐MOF‐400 undergo asymmetric dual‐active site oxide path mechanism during the acidic oxygen evolution reaction process, which is predominantly mediated by the asymmetric Ru─Co dual active site present at the interfaces between Co3O4 and CoRuOx.
Hierarchical Structuration in Protocellular System
Authors: Gao Rui , Yu Xinran , Kumar Bosukonda Veera Venkata Surya Pavan , Tian Liangfei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpatial control is one of the ubiquitous features in biological systems and the key to the functional complexity of living cells. The strategies to achieve such precise spatial control in protocellular systems are crucial to constructing complex artificial living systems with functional collective behavior. Herein, the authors review recent advances in the spatial control within a single protocell or between different protocells and discuss how such hierarchical structured protocellular system can be used to understand complex living systems or to advance the development of functional microreactors with the programmable release of various biomacromolecular payloads, or smart protocell‐biological cell hybrid system.
A comprehensive study of recent bioremediation approaches and techniques for a green and sustainable environment
Authors: Devi A. Sheela , Aravindhan M. S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAim and objective of this study focus on the bioremediation approaches and techniques for a clean and sustainable environment. Recently agriculture practices are facing enormous problems because of industry wastages are dumped into lakes and rivers etc. Farmers rely primarily on large‐scale chemical fertilizers to increase yields. To preserve and retain the nutrients in the soil and increase crop production modern bioremediation approaches and techniques may be incorporated. It explains the role of microorganisms and industrial waste treatment technology. The soil microbiome and biopesticides are alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides. The contaminants of industrial wastes and their unpleasant effects are brief. The Recent types of bioremediation methods like microbial, genetically modified microbes, and phytobial technique are analyzed for mitigating the industrial wastages and enhanced bioremediation. Hence, this study elaborates various bioremediation approaches and techniques for a green and sustainable environment.
Short‐term wind power prediction based on stacked denoised auto‐encoder deep learning and multi‐level transfer learning
Authors: Peng Xiaosheng , Yang Zimin , Li Yinhuan , Wang Bo , Che Jianfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWind power prediction (WPP) has an important impact on the security and reliability operations of the power grid. The major difficulty in power prediction of new, expanded, or reconstructed wind farms is the lack of operational data, which leads to insufficient training of the model and makes the prediction error of wind power become enormous. A short‐term WPP model based on stacked denoised auto‐encoder (SDAE) deep learning and multilevel transfer learning is proposed in this paper. First, the correlation coefficient between the samples of source wind farms and the target wind farm is calculated by using a network trained with the samples from the target wind farm. Second, the samples with high correlation coefficients in source wind farms are graded and migrated to the target wind farm to assist multilevel transfer learning. Finally, the samples from different grades are each used to train a layer of SDAE, and their weights and thresholds are migrated to the final network. The case study shows that the 24‐h‐day‐ahead normalized root‐mean‐square error (NRMSE) and 96‐h‐short‐term NRMSE obtained by the proposed method are 4.48% and 5.11% lower, respectively, compared with the model without transfer learning, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Elasticity solution for a hollow cylinder under axial end loads: Application to a blister of a stayed bridge
Authors: de Miranda Mario , de Miranda Marta , Falocchi Alessio , Ferrero Alberto , Marinini Luca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStarting from an applied problem related to the modeling of an element of a cable‐stayed bridge, we compute the elasticity solution for a hollow circular cylinder under axial end loads. We prove results of symmetry for the solution and we expand it in proper Fourier series; computing the Fourier coefficients in adapted power series, we provide the explicit solution. We consider an engineering case of study, applying the corresponding approximate formula and giving some estimates on the error committed with respect to the truncation of the series.
A direct detection view of the neutrino NSI landscape
Authors: Amaral Dorian , Cerdeño David , Cheek Andrew , Foldenauer Patrick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study the potential of direct detection experiments to explore the parameter space of general non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) via solar neutrino scattering. Due to their sensitivity to neutrino-electron and neutrino-nucleus scattering, direct detection provides a complementary view of the NSI landscape to that of spallation sources and neutrino oscillation experiments. In particular, the large admixture of tau neutrinos in the solar flux makes direct detection experiments well-suited to probe the full flavour space of NSI. To study this, we develop a re-parametrisation of the NSI framework that explicitly includes a variable electron contribution and allows for a clear visualisation of the complementarity of the different experimental sources. Using this new parametrisation, we explore how previous bounds from spallation source and neutrino oscillation experiments are impacted. For the first time, we compute limits on NSI from the first results of the XENONnT and LUX-ZEPLIN experiments, and we obtain projections for future xenon-based experiments. These computations have been performed with our newly developed software package, SNuDD. Our results demonstrate the importance of using a more general NSI parametrisation and indicate that next generation direct detection experiments will become powerful probes of neutrino NSI.
Complete two-loop QCD amplitudes for tW production at hadron colliders
Authors: Chen Long-Bin , Dong Liang , Li Hai Tao , Li Zhao , Wang Jian , Wang Yefan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We have calculated the complete two-loop QCD amplitudes for hadronic tW production by combining analytical and numerical techniques. The amplitudes have been first reduced to master integrals of eight planar and seven non-planar families, which can contain at most four massive propagators. Then a rational transformation of the master integrals is found to obtain a good basis so that the dimensional parameter decouples from the kinematic variables in the denominators of reduction coefficients. The master integrals are computed by solving their differential equations numerically. We find that the finite part of the two-loop squared amplitude is stable in the bulk of the phase space. After phase space integration and convolution with the parton distributions, it increases the LO cross section at the 13 TeV LHC by about 3%.