bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative national-level analysis of government food system resilience activities in preparation for future food system disruptions.
Authors: Lloyd Jane , Moore E.R.H. , Dowell Lyndsey , Neff Roni 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic, extreme weather events, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have highlighted global food system vulnerabilities and a lack of preparedness and prospective planning for increasingly complex disruptions. This has spurred an interest in food system resilience. Despite the elevated interest in food system resilience, there is a lack of comparative analyses of national-level food system resilience efforts. An improved understanding of the food system resilience landscape can support and inform future policies, programs, and planning.
Methods
We conducted a cross-country comparison of national-level food system resilience activities from Australia, Aotearoa (New Zealand), Sweden, and the United States. We developed upon and adapted the resilience framework proposed by Harris and Spiegel to compare actions derived from thirteen national food system resilience documents. We coded the documents based on how the governments determined actions by food system resilience attribute utilized, part of the food supply chain, specific shocks or stressors, implementation level, the temporal focus of action, and the expected impact on food security. We analyzed and compared countries’ coded categories, subcategories, and category combinations.
Results
The results showed that countries are using multi-pronged policy actions to address food system resilience issues and are focused on both retrospective reviews and prospective models of disruptive events to inform their decisions. Some work has been done towards preparing for climate change and other natural disasters, but not as much for other shocks or stressors.
Conclusions
The analysis identified potential gaps, concentrations, and themes in national food systems resilience. The framework can be applied to augment existing policy, create new policy, as well as to supplement and complement other existing frameworks.
In silico Identification of Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase Inhibitory Potentials of Xanthones Isolated from African Medicinal Plants: An Integrated Computational Approach
Authors: Patil Rajesh B. , Owoseeni Onikepe Deborah , Phage Prajakta M. , Famuyiwa Samson Oluwaseyi , Gboyero Felix Olusegun , Arowojolu Glory Mayokun , Faloye Kolade Olatubosun 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to pose a threat to the existence of the human
race. The increasing number of diabetic subjects can be effectively controlled by targeting enzymes responsible
for high blood glucose levels. Xanthones are a class of phytochemicals that possesses promising
pharmacological potentials.

Objective:
This study identified fructose 1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase) inhibitors by exploring xanthones
isolated from African medicinal plants through ensemble docking, molecular dynamics simulation and
density functional theory methods.

Methods:
The study used ensemble docking, molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory
(B3LYP/6-3G (d,p) basis set) and ADMET methods to select lead compound that may be effective as
fructose-I,6-biphosphatase inhibitor.

Results:
The ensemble docking results identified globulixanthone C (-10.0 kcal/mol), 1-Isomangostin (-
9.0 kcal/mol), laurentixanthone A (-9.0 kcal/mol), bangangxanthone A (-8.9 kcal/mol) and staudtiixanthone
B (-8.8 kcal/mol) as potential inhibitors of fructose-1,6-biphosphatase. Molecular dynamics studies
showed the xanthones established good binding mode and their binding energy ranged from -74.057 to
53.669 kJ/mol. Also, the electronic and ADMET studies of the xanthones elucidated their excellent pharmacological
potential.

Conclusion:
The study identified xanthones as potential fructose-1,6-biphosphatase inhibitors. The ligands'
binding energy and MMPBSA calculations supported their possible inhibitory property. Also, the
ADMET properties estimated show the ligands as suitable drug candidates as fructose-1,6-biphosphatase
inhibitors. Further in vitro and in vivo investigation of the hit molecules is necessary to develop new
FBPase inhibitors.
Investigation on the Anticancer Activity of [6]-Gingerol of Zingiber officinale
and its Structural Analogs against Skin Cancer
Authors: Adikesavan Monisha , Athiraja Praveena , Divakar Monisha Baby Babu 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by the uncontrolled
growth of abnormal cells in the epidermis and the outermost skin layer.

Aim:
This study aimed to study the anti-skin cancer potential of [6]-Gingerol and 21 related structural
analogs using in vitro and in silico studies.

Method:
The ethanolic crude extract of the selected plant was subjected to phytochemical and
GC-MS analysis to confirm the presence of the [6]-gingerol. The anticancer activity of the extract
was evaluated by MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay
using the A431 human skin adenocarcinoma cell line.

Result:
The GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of [6]-Gingerol compound, and its promising
cytotoxicity IC50 was found at 81.46 ug/ml in the MTT assay. Furthermore, the in silico studies
used [6]-Gingerol and 21 structural analogs collected from the PubChem database to investigate
the anticancer potential and drug-likeliness properties. Skin cancer protein, DDX3X, was selected
as a target that regulates all stages of RNA metabolism. It was docked with 22 compounds,
including [6]-Gingerol and 21 structural analogs. The potent lead molecule was selected based on
the lowest binding energy value.

Conclusion:
Thus, the [6]-Gingerol and its structure analogs could be used as lead molecules
against skin cancer and future drug development process.
A New Paradigm in Spinal Cord Injury Therapy: from Cell-free
Treatment to Engineering Modifications
Authors: Qin Bo , Hu Xi-min , Huang Yan-xia , Yang Rong-hua , Xiong Kun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an intractable and poorly prognostic neurological disease, and
current treatments are still unable to cure it completely and avoid sequelae. Extracellular vesicles
(EVs), as important carriers of intercellular communication and pharmacological effects, are considered
to be the most promising candidates for SCI therapy because of their low toxicity and immunogenicity,
their ability to encapsulate endogenous bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic
acids), and their ability to cross the blood-brain/cerebrospinal barriers. However, poor targeting, low
retention rate, and limited therapeutic efficacy of natural EVs have bottlenecked EVs-based SCI therapy.
A new paradigm for SCI treatment will be provided by engineering modified EVs. Furthermore,
our limited understanding of the role of EVs in SCI pathology hinders the rational design of novel EVbased
therapeutic approaches. In this study, we review the pathophysiology after SCI, especially the
multicellular EVs-mediated crosstalk; briefly describe the shift from cellular to cell-free therapies for
SCI treatment; discuss and analyze the issues related to the route and dose of EVs administration;
summarize and present the common strategies for EVs drug loading in the treatment of SCI and point
out the shortcomings of these drug loading methods; finally, we analyze and highlight the feasibility
and advantages of bio-scaffold-encapsulated EVs for SCI treatment, providing scalable insights into
cell-free therapy for SCI.
Mechanical Properties of Mortar with Anadara Granosa Waste as Partial Sand Replacement
Authors: Ruslan Hanis Nadiah , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Jaafar Mohd Faizal Md , Zamri Nur Azzimah , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
In order to create a cleaner and more sustainable environment, cockle shell waste created from the local fisheries trade is used to produce construction materials, which meet the needs of a developing sustainable construction sector. The use of cockle shell waste as construction materials can help both the environment and the community. Though, the use of this waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate (sand) in mortar has received little attention.

Aims:

the current study aims to investigate the influence of Anadara granosa (cockle shell) as a fine aggregate substitute on the mechanical properties of mortar namely compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic modulus elasticity.

Method:

In this study, the cockle shell is crushed to fine particles and then integrated as fine aggregate replacement in various ratios of 10, 20, 30, and 40%.

Result:

The result indicated that integrating 10% crushed cockle shell into mortar enhances its compressive strength, flexural strength, and modulus elasticity when compared to the control mortar.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, success in utilizing cockle shells as sand in mortar can help to reduce environmental problems and produce sustainable construction material.
Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia Presenting Recurrent Episodes of Locked-in syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gupta Ayush , Elnazier Marwa , Rosa Talita D’Aguiar 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia (VBD) is a rare disorder in which arteries cause dilatation and tortuosity of the blood vessels, which affect posterior circulation.

Case Presentation:

In this case report, we discuss a patient of VBD presenting with transient episodes of quadriparesis, aphasia, and vertigo. She had symptoms specifically when her head was turned towards the right side while waking up. Based on MRI findings and angiography, the patient was diagnosed with VBD.

Conclusion:
To conclude, VBD should be considered a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with recurrent transient ischemic attacks, such as locked-in syndrome, without any identifiable cause.
A Comparative Study of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Compromised Teeth with Different Post Systems: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Malekipour Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Neda , Jafari Niloufar , Mazdak Ali , Mazaheri Peiman , Shirani Farzaneh 
Published: April 2023

Aims:
This in-vitro study was conducted to compare structural reinforcement with composite resin and two different types of posts in structurally compromised teeth.

Methods and Materials:
Forty-eight human maxillary central incisors were instrumented and obturated. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was not compromised and was just restored with a resin composite. In the composite-reinforced group, the access cavity of the compromised teeth was restored only with composite to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). In the reinforced glass fiber post group, the compromised cervical area of the teeth was reinforced with a dual-cured composite and a glass fiber post. The reinforced metal cast post group was reinforced with a dual-cured composite and a casting post. The mean fracture load was measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square statistical analysis tests. For pair comparison, Duncan was used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The highest fracture resistance values were for the non-compromised samples (170.12 ± 12.44), while the lowest values were for the compromised ones restored only with the resin composite (71.40 ± 17.00). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean fracture resistances of the fiber (129.36 ± 21.34) and cast (116.60 ± 22.60) post groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
The use of a composite resin in a root with thin walls will reinforce the compromised tooth, but the type of the post will not influence the final results.
Evaluation of the Impact of some Plant Extracts against Streptococcus Spp. Isolated from Dental Decay Infection
Authors: Hamad Anas Abdullah , Alhumaidi Maryam S. , Manayi Azadeh 
Published: April 2023

Aims:
This study aimed to isolate and identify the Streptococcus spp. bacteria from patients with dental caries infection. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of new plant extracts on isolated Streptococcus spp. was also evaluated.

Methods:
A total of 150 samples were obtained at random from people of various ages and genders who were suffering from dental caries infection. Four different culture media were used for isolation: nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, blood agar, and Streptococcus selection agar. The identification of bacterial isolates was distinguished by macroscopic examination and the VITEK 2 system.

Results:
Only 120 cases (80%) showed positive culture, and these were distributed as follows: Streptococcus sanguinis had the highest rate and accounted for 38.33%, and Streptococcus pseudoporcinus represented only 29.16%. A 20% decline was reported for Streptococcus salivarius, with the lowest proportion being 12.5% for Staphylococcus warneri. The MIC for 16 tested plant extracts ranged from 0.97 to 125 µg/mL, whereas the MBC values ranged from 3.9 to 500 µg/mL. Imipenem was a positive control, with MIC values ranging from 3.9 µg/mL to 15.6 µg/mL; the MBCs varied from 31.2 to 125 µg/mL against all isolated species.

Conclusion:
Among the isolated bacterial species from tooth decay, Streptococcus sanguinis had the highest rate of isolated bacteria and accounted for 38.33%, while Staphylococcus warneri had the lowest percentage at 12.5%. Sargassum, Proskia, and Cicer arietinum were three distinct extracts that demonstrated superior antibacterial activity against all of the tested bacterial species. Their MIC values ranged from 0.97 µg/mL to 15.6 µg/mL, and the MBC values were between 3.9 µg/mL and 31.2 µg/mL.
Early Use of Ibuprofen in Moderate Cases of COVID-19 Might be a Promising Agent to Attenuate the Severity of Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sobhy Amr , Saleh Lobna A. , AbdelAtty Marwa E.l , AbdelAtty Marwa E.l , Refaat Sameh A. , Kamal Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Critically ill COVID-19 patients undergoing cytokine storm are believed to have a worse prognosis and increased fatality rate. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) that might prove beneficial for the early management of COVID-19 due to its immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the early use of ibuprofen to attenuate the severity of the course of COVID-19 and improve outcomes in patients diagnosed with a moderate case of COVID-19 disease.

Methods:
This randomized, double-blinded prospective study was conducted from January, 2022 to May, 2022, which included a total sample size of 180 patients with moderate cases of COVID-19. The number of patients transferred to intensive care was used as a primary outcome with a proposed large effect size (0.8), alfa =0.05, and power=0.80, so 90 cases were included in each group. Secondary outcomes were inflammatory markers: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), duration of hospital stay, and need for ICU admission.

Results:
One hundred eighty patients with moderate case of COVID-19 disease were divided in a 1: 1 ratio to receive ibuprofen (IG) or paracetamol (CG). The average age of the included patients was almost 41 years. Statistically significant differences were reported between both groups in terms of improvement in cough symptoms and lymphopenia in IG compared to CG (p= 0.034 and p= 0.044, respectively). Regarding secondary outcomes, statistically, significant differences were reported between the study’s groups in terms of the mean number of patients transferred to the ICU in IG compared to the CG (p =0.0.047) and duration of hospitalization (p =0.013), with no significant differences (p > 0.9999) in the occurrence of side effects.
Concerning the follow-up of the cytokine storm marker, there was a statistically significant reduction in serum cytokine marker compared to the baseline value (P < 0.05) in the same group. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing both groups together in terms of serum ferritin level (p =0.570), serum IL-6 level (p =0.580), and CRP level (p =0.401).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that early use of ibuprofen as adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 management is effective and safe to attenuate the severity of diseases and improve outcomes.

Trial Registration:
Project manager for the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR202202880140319. Registered 9th February, 2022 - Retrospectively registered, (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/)
“Matembang”, character education media
Authors: Astawa Dewa Nyoman Wija , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa 
Published: April 2023

This study aimed at delving into and understanding the potential of local culture in the framework of the nation and character building. The study used a qualitative approach. Data analysis is presented in verbal form. The data collection method used to support the implementation of this research is the documentation method and from this approach, it was obtained that “matembang” is one of the traditions full of didactic, humanistic, and spiritual values. In the context of nation and state life, this culture is closely related to ethics, morality, and politeness and highly integrated human personalities with patriotic spirit. That is why Balinese Hindus use this culture as character education media. In its development, the “matembang” culture has not only become a local but has reflected a national and even global culture.
Teledermatology for Enhancing Skin Cancer Diagnosis and Management: Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Gao Julia L , Oakley Amanda 
Published: April 2023

Background
Skin cancer rates are at all-time highs, but the shortage of dermatologists compels patients to seek medical advice from general practitioners. A new referral pathway called the Suspected Skin Cancer (SSC) service was established to provide general practitioners in Waikato, New Zealand, with rapid diagnosis and treatment advice for lesions suspicious for skin cancer.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the quantity, quality, and characteristics of referrals to the SSC teledermatology service during its first 6 months.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all referrals sent to the SSC teledermatology service during the first 6 months of its operation was conducted. Time to advice, diagnoses, diagnostic discordance, adherence to advice, and time to treatment were recorded. Diagnostic discordance between general practitioners, dermatologists, and pathologists was calculated.

Results
The SSC service received 340 referrals for 402 lesions. Dermatologists diagnosed 256 (63.7%) of these lesions as benign; 56 (13.9%) were histologically confirmed as malignant, including 19 (4.7%) melanomas. The overall discordance between referrer and dermatologist on specific and broad (ie, benign or malignant) diagnoses for 402 lesions was 47% and 26% (κ=0.58, SD 0.07), respectively; 44% and 26% (κ=0.61, SD 0.15) between referrer and pathologist; and 18% and 12% (κ=0.82, SD 0.12) between dermatologist and pathologist. The mean time between referral submission and receiving advice was 1.02 days. The average time to action (eg, excision) was 64.8 days.

Conclusions
An electronic referral system can be an effective form of teledermatology for providing prompt diagnosis and management advice for benign and malignant skin lesions.
Late Quaternary evolution of alluvial fans in the Playa, El Fresnal region, northern Chihuahua desert, Mexico: Palaeoclimatic implications
Authors: Ortega-Ramírez J. , Maillol J. M. , Bandy W. , Valiente-Banuet A. , Urrutia Fucugauchi J. , Mortera-Gutiérrez C. A. , Medina-Sánchez J. , Chacón-Cruz J. 
Published: April 2023

Estudios multidisciplinarios de geología del Cuaternario, ecología y geofísica en la región que actualmente ocupa el Lago-playa El Fresnal, norte del estado de Chihuahua, indican que se trata de una cuenca en extensión de tipo medio-graben, caracterizada por un lago-playa en la parte basal, rodeado por piemontes cubiertos por abanicos aluviales. El tectonismo extensional produjo zonas de fallas normales, bloques basculados con expresiones geomórficas diferenciales y volcanismo. El area del bloque levantado es la fuente principal de aportes detríticos; sin embargo, debido ala naturaleza asimetrica de la cuenca, los sedimentos provenientes del bloque hundido se encuentran espacialmente mas distribuidos. Resultado del bascularniento, los abanicos aluviales se segmentaron quedando las superficies mas antiguas en Ia parte distal del bloque levantado y en Ia parte proximal del bloque hundido.
Hasta ahora, la evolución de los abanicos aluviales ha sido considerada como el resultado de las variables tectónicas y climáticas; sin embargo, la función e importancia relativa que estas tienen en el control de la sedimentación tanto de los abanicos aluviales como de los rellenos de la cuenca no ha sido aun resuelto. Por ejemplo, algunos autores enfatizan la influencia de los cambios climáticos, mientras que otros ponderan el efecto de la actividad tectónica. En el presente trabajo se analizan los aspectos geomorfológicos de los abanicos aluviales, su posición topográifica relativa, el grado de disección y desarrollo de suelos, el tipo de drenaje, y de manera general, las distintas facies sedimentarias. Nuestros resultados indican que en la región existen tres generaciones de abanicos aluviales, formados durante las principales variaciones climaticas del Cuaternario Tardío. Esta interpretación es consistente con los principales cambios climáticos registrados en la estratigraffa paleolacustre del norte de México y del suroeste de los Estados Unidos. Los abanicos aluviales estan formados principalmente por depósitos de tipo debrisflow, resultado de precipitaciones abundantes de corta duración, producidas probablemente por cambios en las condiciones climaticas de relativamente húmedas a aridas. Las facies sedimentarias de estos depósitos contrastan con las producidas por regímenes tipicamente fluviales.doi: sin doi
Acute peritoneal dialysis in children (indication and complication)
Authors: Alajrish Ali Adnan Nabat , Alwasity Abbas Khudhair Abbas , Alajrish Ahmad Adnan Nabat 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the Indications and complications Acute peritoneal dialysis.
Method: A descriptive study was performed in pediatric central teaching hospital in Baghdad City on fifty-nine cases was admitted for peritoneal dialysis for different reasons.
Results: show that the pre renal causes of PD was the most common cause which represent more than sixty percent followed by chronic renal failure and other causes, acute gastroenteritis as a cause of renal failure is most commonly seen in the first four years of life while calculi mostly seen after age of two years, sepsis is seen in the first two years of life, Catheter blockage was the most common complication followed by bleeding and other complications, Indications for acute peritoneal dialysis in the study group uremic symptom and oliguria was the most common indications , male to female incidence is nearly equal.
Conclusion: PD was the most common cause of CKD, chronic renal failure, acute gastroenteritis, sepsis and catheter blockage was the most common complication followed by bleeding and other complications.