bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships among prior gang involvement, current gang involvement, and victimization among youth in residential placement
Authors: Clark Jim , Gilman Amanda B. , Howell James C. (Buddy) , Harris Meena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines patterns of victimization among youth in residential placement facilities using data from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement. Findings indicate that gang involvement in residential placement is associated with multiple forms of victimization. However, desistance from gang membership resulted in rates of victimization among gang members that were no different from those of youth who had never been involved in gangs. These findings support prior research showing that gang involvement does not appear to serve as a protective function and further specifies the nature and contexts of the relationship between gang association and victimization.
Trauma‐Informed Care for Justice‐Involved Youth: A narrative review and synthesis
Authors: Hill LeRoi , Barnett James E. , Ward James , Morton Allison , Schmidt Adam T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractJustice‐involved youth (JIY) experience extremely high prevalence rates of trauma prior to their involvement in the juvenile justice system. Trauma outcomes are heterogeneous, long‐term, and may influence JIY outcomes. Although specific evidence‐based treatments (EBTs) target trauma symptoms, few studies have examined treatment outcomes in relation to adolescent populations, and even fewer have examined treatment outcomes in relation to JIY. This review examines evidence supporting the effectiveness of trauma‐focused treatments with JIY. The existing literature suggests trauma‐focused interventions may be a promising avenue for improving both mental health and juvenile justice outcomes for JIY. Clinical practice and policy implications are discussed.
Confronting the ghost of Elizabeth Gillam: A new look at Ex parte Crouse (1839)
Authors: Robison Erica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article revisits the 1839 Pennsylvania Supreme Court case Ex parte Crouse in light of new historical information. While most legal scholars and historians have analyzed Ex parte Crouse with the assumption that Mary Ann Crouse was sent to the Philadelphia House of Refuge without committing any crime, a search at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania revealed the existence of Crouse's admission record detailing how she had killed a two‐year‐old child. This finding undermines the extensive conclusions that scholars have drawn about the case's significance and highlights the importance of archival work in legal studies.
Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on meaningful activity engagement in racially and ethnically diverse older adults
Authors: Oh Anna , Gan Siqi , Boscardin W. John , Neilands Torsten B. , Stewart Anita L. , Nguyen Tung T. , Smith Alexander K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundParticipation and active engagement in meaningful activities support the emotional and physical well‐being of older adults. In 2020, the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic altered lives, including the ability to participate in meaningful activities. This study compared meaningful activity engagement before and at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in a nationally representative, diverse sample >65 years between 2015 and 2020.MethodsWe described the proportions and characteristics of National Health and Aging Trends Study participants and their engagement in four activities: visiting friends or family, attending religious services, participating in clubs/classes/other organized activities, and going out for enjoyment. We used mixed effects logistic regressions to compare probabilities of activity engagement before 2020 and in 2020, adjusting for age, sex, functional status, income, geographic region, anxiety‐depression, and transportation issues.ResultsOf 6815 participants in 2015, the mean age was 77.7 (7.6) years; 57% of participants were female; 22% were Black, 5% Hispanic, 2% were American Indian, and 1% were Asian; 20% had disability; and median income was $33,000. Participation in all four activities remained consistent between 2015 and 2019 and declined in 2020. Significant differences existed in attending religious services (p < 0.01) and going out for enjoyment (p < 0.001) by race and ethnicity, before and after the start of COVID‐19. Black and Hispanic participants experienced the largest decline in attending religious services (−32%, −28%) while Asian and White participants experienced the largest decline in going out for enjoyment (−49%, −56%).ConclusionsPotential quality of life tradeoffs should be considered to a greater extent in future pandemic emergencies.
C9orf72 poly‐PR helps p53 escape from the ubiquitin‐proteasome system and promotes its stability
Authors: Yang Fumin , Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul Razak , Zhang Bin , Wang Jian‐Zhi , Liu Rong , Liu Fei , Wang Xiaochuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractC9orf72‐derived dipeptide repeats (DPRs) proteins have been regarded as the pathogenic cause of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9‐ALS/FTD). As the most toxic DPRs in C9‐ALS/FTD, poly‐proline‐arginine (poly‐PR) is associated with the stability and accumulation of p53, which consequently induces neurodegeneration. However, the exact molecular mechanism via which C9orf72 poly‐PR stabilizes p53 remains unclear. In this study, we showed that C9orf72 poly‐PR induces not only neuronal damage but also p53 accumulation and p53 downstream gene activation in primary neurons. C9orf72 (PR)50 also slows down p53 protein turnover without affecting the p53 transcription level and thus promotes its stability in N2a cells. Interestingly, the ubiquitin‐proteasome system but not the autophagy function was impaired in (PR)50 transfected N2a cells, resulting in defective p53 degradation. Moreover, we found that (PR)50 induces mdm2 mistranslocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and competitively binds to p53, reducing mdm2‐p53 interactions in the nucleus in two different (PR)50 transfected cells. Our data strongly indicate that (PR)50 reduces mdm2‐p53 interactions and causes p53 to escape from the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, promoting its stability and accumulation. Inhibiting or at least downregulating (PR)50 binding with p53 may be therapeutically exploited for the treatment of C9‐ALS/FTD.image
Homeostatic crosstalk among gut microbiome, hypothalamic and hepatic circadian clock oscillations, immunity and metabolism in response to different light–dark cycles: A multiomics study
Authors: Zhen Yongkang , Wang Yifan , He Feiyang , Chen Yifei , Hu Liangyu , Ge Ling , Wang Yusu , Wei Wenjun , Rahmat Ali , Loor Juan J. , Wang Mengzhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe accelerated pace of life at present time has resulted in tremendous alterations in living patterns. Changes in diet and eating patterns, in particular, coupled with irregular light–dark (LD) cycles will further induce circadian misalignment and lead to disease. Emerging data has highlighted the regulatory effects of diet and eating patterns on the host‐microbe interactions with the circadian clock (CC), immunity, and metabolism. Herein, we studied how LD cycles regulate the homeostatic crosstalk among the gut microbiome (GM), hypothalamic and hepatic CC oscillations, and immunity and metabolism using multiomics approaches. Our data demonstrated that central CC oscillations lost rhythmicity under irregular LD cycles, but LD cycles had minimal effects on diurnal expression of peripheral CC genes in the liver including Bmal1. We further demonstrated that the GM could regulate hepatic circadian rhythms under irregular LD cycles, the candidate bacteria including Limosilactobacillus, Actinomyces, Veillonella, Prevotella, Campylobacter, Faecalibacterium, Kingella, and Clostridia vadinBB60 et al. A comparative transcriptomic study of innate immune genes indicated that different LD cycles had varying effects on immune functions, while irregular LD cycles had greater impacts on hepatic innate immune functions than those in the hypothalamus. Extreme LD cycle alterations (LD0/24 and LD24/0) had worse impacts than slight alterations (LD8/16 and LD16/8), and led to gut dysbiosis in mice receiving antibiotics. Metabolome data also demonstrated that hepatic tryptophan metabolism mediated the homeostatic crosstalk among GM‐liver–brain axis in response to different LD cycles. These research findings highlighted that GM could regulate immune and metabolic disorders induced by circadian dysregulation. Further, the data provided potential targets for developing probiotics for individuals with circadian disruption such as shift workers.
Is islet amyloid polypeptide indeed expressed in the human brain?
Authors: Libard Sylwia , Alafuzoff Irina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aims to study the association between pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (ADNC) in brain biopsies obtained from subjects with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and in post‐mortem (PM) brain samples obtained from aged individuals.MethodsFor the immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses, two IAPP antibodies (Abs), monoclonal and polyclonal, and Abs directed towards ADNC were applied.ResultsThe iNPH cohort included 113 subjects. Amyloid‐β (Aβ) was detected in 50% and hyperphosphorylated τ (HPτ) in 47% of the cases. Concomitant pathology was seen in 32%. The PM cohort included 77 subjects. Aβ was detected in 69% and HPτ in 91% of the cases. Combined Aβ/HPτ pathology was seen in 62%. Reactivity for the monoclonal IAPP was not detected in the brain tissue in either of the cohorts. Reactivity for the polyclonal IAPP was observed in all 77 PM brain samples.ConclusionsThere was no specific expression of IAPP in human brain tissue; hence, an association between IAPP and ADNC is not assessable. Of note, the observed reactivity of the polyclonal IAPP Ab was not reproduced with a specific monoclonal Ab; thus, we considered the observed staining with the polyclonal Ab to be unreliable. When using IHC, several pitfalls, especially the choice of an Ab, always need to be considered. Polyclonal Abs cross‐react with other epitopes and proteins, thus leading to false‐positive results. This seems to be the case for the polyclonal IAPP Abs in the human brain.
Struggling to return to everyday life—The experiences of quality of life 1 year after delirium in the intensive care unit
Authors: Mortensen Camilla Bekker , Collet Marie Oxenbøll , Samuelson Karin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany critically ill patients report a change in their health‐related quality of life after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Patients who experience delirium during their ICU stay are perceived as a fragile group of ICU survivors, and the ‘quality of life’ phenomenon needs to be studied among these patients.AimTo explore everyday life experiences of critically ill patients with delirium during the ICU stay, from ICU discharge until 1‐year follow‐up, focusing on their health‐related quality of life and cognitive function.Study DesignWe used a descriptive qualitative research design and interviewed patients 1 year after ICU admission. The participants were recruited from a pre‐planned one‐year follow‐up study of ’Agents Intervening against Delirium for patients in the Intensive Care Unit trial’. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis Method and content analysis.ResultsNine women and eight men participated and reported a struggle when returning to everyday life or adapting to a new normality from hospital discharge to 1 year later. None of the participants had been aware of the challenges they would face after hospital discharge. They described a need for more information about these challenges to themselves and about primary care to better understand their situation and the struggles they experience during recovery. One overall theme emerged from the analysis ‘From enduring to adapting’ with three subthemes: ‘Struggling to regain a functional life’, ‘Struggling to regain normal cognition’ and ‘Distressing manifestations from the ICU’.ConclusionsTo improve recovery and the quality of rehabilitation for critically ill patients suffering from delirium, it is essential to understand the phenomenon of ICU survivorship and what this fragile group of patients is going through. It is necessary to bridge the gap between secondary and primary care so patients can receive optimal training and support when needed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeBridging the gap between primary and secondary healthcare services is urgently needed to improve rehabilitation for ICU survivors after critical illness.
Choroidal vascularity index as an activity criterion and a treatment response measure in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Sevik Mehmet Orkun , Aykut Aslan , Çam Furkan , Dericioğlu Volkan , Şahin Özlem 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) as an activity criterion in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and as a measure of treatment response after full‐dose‐full‐fluence photodynamic therapy (fd‐ff‐PDT).MethodsThis fellow‐eye‐controlled, retrospective cohort study included 23 patients with unilateral chronic CSC treated with fd‐ff‐PDT (6 mg/m2; 50 μcm2; 83 s). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT, μm) and CVI (%) of the affected and fellow eyes at baseline as well as at 1, 3 and 6 months after fd‐ff‐PDT were compared.ResultsThe patients' mean age was 43.4 ± 7.3 years, and 18 (78.3%) were male. CVI was comparable between the affected and fellow eyes at baseline (66.09 ± 1.56 vs. 65.84 ± 1.57, p = 0.59). However, it became significantly lower in the affected eyes 1 (64.45 ± 1.68 vs. 65.87 ± 1.19, p = 0.002), 3 (64.21 ± 2.08 vs. 65.71 ± 1.59, p = 0.009) and 6 (64.47 ± 2.19 vs. 65.62 ± 1.52, p = 0.045) months after fd‐ff‐PDT. The mean SFCT and the mean CVI were significantly decreased in the affected eyes at all follow‐up visits compared with baseline after fd‐ff‐PDT (p < 0.001).ConclusionAt baseline, CVI was comparable between affected and fellow eyes. Therefore, its use as an activity criterion in chronic CSC patients is questionable. However, it was significantly decreased in fd‐ff‐PDT‐treated eyes, supporting its role as a measure of treatment response in chronic CSC.
Incidence and predictors of pacemaker implantation at follow‐up after reversible high‐degree sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular block
Authors: Habbout Ahmed , Sagnard Audrey , Pommier Thibaut , Didier Romain , Garnier Fabien , Fichot Marie , Bertaux Géraldine , Laurent Gabriel , Guenancia Charles 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundA pacemaker implantation is not indicated in cases of reversible high‐degree symptomatic sinus node dysfunction (SND) and atrioventricular block (AVB). However, it remains uncertain whether these reversible automaticity/conduction disorders may recur in some patients at follow‐up, in the absence of reversible cause. This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence and predictive factors of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation at follow‐up and after reversible high‐degree SND/AVB.MethodsBased on medical electronic files codes, we identified patients who were hospitalized in our cardiac intensive care unit between January 2003 and December 2020 due to reversible high‐degree SND/AVB and who were discharged from the hospital alive and without PPM implantation. Acute myocardial infarction and post‐cardiac surgery patients were excluded. We categorized the patients according to the need for PPM at follow‐up due to non‐reversible high‐degree SND/AVB.ResultsOf the 93 patients included, 26 patients (28%) were readmitted for PPM implantation at follow‐up after hospital discharge. Among baseline characteristics, compared with patients who did not have high‐degree SND/AVB recurrence, those who had subsequent PPM implantation had less frequent previous hypertension (70% vs. 46%, p = .031). Regarding the initial causes of reversible SND/AVB, isolated hyperkalemia was found more often in the patients readmitted for PPM (19% vs. 3% vs. p = .017). Moreover, recurrence of high‐degree SND/AVB was significantly associated with the presence of intraventricular conduction disorders (either bundle branch block or left bundle branch hemiblock) on ECG at discharge (36% in patients without PPM vs. 68% in PPM patients, p = .012).ConclusionAlmost one third of the patients discharged alive from the hospital after a reversible high‐degree SND/AVB needed a pacemaker implantation at follow‐up. Complete bundle branch block or left bundle branch hemiblock on discharge ECG after recovery of atrioventricular conduction and/or sinus automaticity was associated with a greater risk of recurrence leading to pacemaker implantation.
Virtual interviewing with marginalized young adult mothers: appreciating the New Norm
Authors: Flaherty Serena C. , Sadler Lois S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveVirtual interviewing in qualitative research may promote inclusion, diversify samples, and maximize participation, but there is limited research regarding methodological best practices for marginalized study populations. Emerging adult (ages 18–29) and young adult (through age 40) mothers have ongoing stressors and competing responsibilities that may preclude participation with in‐person interviews. The purpose of this article is to describe the processes and experiences of virtual interviewing among young adult mothers living in under‐resourced communities, based on their responses to specific interview questions.Design and SampleAs part of an explanatory sequential mixed methods study, qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of young adult mothers who had previously participated in randomized controlled trials testing an intensive early home visiting intervention. Thirty‐one participants (M = 29.7 years, SD = 2.5) who identified as Black (39%), Hispanic (55%), and White (7%), were interviewed using Zoom.ResultsThe overarching theme was Zoom: Appreciating the New Norm. Identified categories were Practical Benefits of Virtual Interviewing, Sharing Stories, and Drawbacks of Virtual Interviewing.ConclusionFindings support virtual interviewing as a feasible and potentially ideal method for qualitative studies with emerging/young adults. Further research to examine this approach with other marginalized populations may lead to more inclusive representation in qualitative research.
Biochemical changes after cold acclimation in Nordic red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) accessions with contrasting levels of freezing tolerance
Authors: Zanotto Stefano , Bertrand Annick , Purves Randy W. , Olsen Jorunn E. , Elessawy Fatma M. , Ergon Åshild 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ability to tolerate low freezing temperatures is an important component of winter survival and persistence of red clover. Cold acclimation (CA) allows plants to acquire higher levels of freezing tolerance. However, the biochemical responses to cold and the importance of such changes for the plant to acquire adequate freezing tolerance have not been investigated in red clover of Nordic origin, which has a distinct genetic background. To shed light on this, we selected five freezing tolerant (FT) and five freezing susceptible (FS) accessions and studied the effect of CA on the contents of carbohydrates, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in the crowns. Among those compounds which increased during CA, FT accessions had higher contents of raffinose, pinitol, arginine, serine, alanine, valine, phenylalanine, and one phenolic compound (a pinocembrin hexoside derivative) than FS accessions, suggesting a role for these compounds in the freezing tolerance in the selected accessions. These findings, together with a description of the phenolic profile of red clover crowns, significantly add to the current knowledge of the biochemical changes during CA and their role in freezing tolerance in Nordic red clover.
Does the exponential Wells–Riley model provide a good fit for human coronavirus and rhinovirus? A comparison of four dose–response models based on human challenge data
Authors: Aganovic Amar , Kadric Edin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe risk assessments during the COVID‐19 pandemic were primarily based on dose–response models derived from the pooled datasets for infection of animals susceptible to SARS‐CoV. Despite similarities, differences in susceptibility between animals and humans exist for respiratory viruses. The two most commonly used dose–response models for calculating the infection risk of respiratory viruses are the exponential and the Stirling approximated β‐Poisson (BP) models. The modified version of the one‐parameter exponential model or the Wells–Riley model was almost solely used for infection risk assessments during the pandemic. Still, the two‐parameter (α and β) Stirling approximated BP model is often recommended compared to the exponential dose–response model due to its flexibility. However, the Stirling approximation restricts this model to the general rules of β ≫ 1 and α ≪ β, and these conditions are very often violated. To refrain from these requirements, we tested a novel BP model by using the Laplace approximation of the Kummer hypergeometric function instead of the conservative Stirling approximation. The datasets of human respiratory airborne viruses available in the literature for human coronavirus (HCoV‐229E) and human rhinovirus (HRV‐16 and HRV‐39) are used to compare the four dose–response models. Based on goodness‐of‐fit criteria, the exponential model was the best fitting model for the HCoV‐229E (k = 0.054) and for HRV‐39 datasets (k = 1.0), whereas the Laplace approximated BP model followed by the exact and Stirling approximated BP models are preferred for both the HRV‐16 (α = 0.152 and β = 0.021 for Laplace BP) and the HRV‐16 and HRV‐39 pooled datasets (α = 0.2247 and β = 0.0215 for Laplace BP).
Aggregation‐prone peptides from within a non‐self‐protein homoaggregate are preferred for MHC association: Historical overview
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNew technologies assist re‐evaluation of hypotheses on generation of immune cell repertoires and distinctions of self from non‐self. Findings include positive correlations between peptide propensities to aggregate and their binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. This recalls the hypothesis that foreign proteins may homoaggregate in host cytosols prior to releasing their peptides (p) to form pMHC complexes. Clues to this included aggregation‐related phenomena associated with infections (rouleaux formation, pyrexia, certain brain diseases). By virtue of ‘promiscuous’ gene expression by thymic presenting cells – perhaps adapted from earlier evolving gonadal mechanisms – developing T cells monitor surface pMHC clusterings. This evaluates intracellular concentrations of the corresponding proteins, and hence, following Burnet's two signal principle, degrees of self‐reactivity. After positive selection in the thymic cortex for reactivity with ‘near‐self’, high‐level pMHC clustering suffices in the medulla for negatively selection. Following Burnet's principle, in the periphery low‐level clustering suffices for T cell stimulation and high‐level clustering again provokes negative selection (immunological tolerance). For evolving intracellular pathogens, fine‐tuned polymorphisms of their host species have limited to ‘near‐self’ some mimicking adaptations. It is proposed that while entire pathogen proteins may have evolved to minimize their aggregability, the greater aggregability of their peptides remains partially hidden within. Two‐step proofreading mechanisms in prospective hosts select proteins containing aggregable peptide for the generation of pMHC clusters at the surface of presenting cells. Through mutations, some proteins of pathogens and cancer cells tend to converge towards the host ‘near‐self’ that its T cells have auditioned to address.