bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen action for accountability in challenging contexts: What have we learned?
Authors: Gaventa John , Joshi Anuradha , Anderson Colin 
Published: February 2023

SummaryMotivationWhile much is known about how citizens mobilize and make claims for accountability in more democratic, stable, and peaceful settings, little is known about how accountability dynamics work in more challenging contexts—those more democratically weak, politically fragile, and affected by legacies of violence and conflict.PurposeThis article introduces a special issue that brings together findings from across the Action for Empowerment and Accountability programme. The programme explored citizen action for accountability and citizens' experiences of governance in Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan and, to a lesser degree, Egypt—countries that reflect challenging conditions now common in many places across the world.Methods and approachWe introduce and summarize the key findings of eight commissioned articles—some which explore specific themes across the body of research, and some that report findings of particular multi‐country studies. We analyse these findings in relation to what they tell us about the contextual factors that matter, the strategies adopted, and the consequences of citizen‐led social and political action.FindingsWe find a number of contextual challenges for citizen action that are common, though not unique, to these settings. Despite authoritarian governance histories, and norms of fear, low expectations, and patriarchal exclusion we see diverse examples of social and political action, both open questioning of authorities and dissent and more under the radar and mediated responses. Such efforts have led to increased visibility of grievances, increased citizen agency, some concrete responses from authorities, and evidence of progressive norm change.Policy implicationsWe argue that even in challenging contexts there are prospects for finding some space for productive citizen engagement and citizen‐led social and political action. These are more likely to be found from taking a “citizen‐eye” view to relevant governance dynamics, actors, and identifying the most important issues. Networks and alliances, including with donors, are significant. But accountability goals in such contexts need to be realistic and recognize the importance of small steps and establishing the building blocks of better governance.
A contrast echocardiography‐based protocol to rule out thrombus in Venous‐Arterial ECMO: A proof of concept
Authors: Baeza‐Herrera Luis Augusto , Hernández‐Reyes José Pablo , Lazcano‐Díaz Emmanuel Adrián , Orihuela‐Sandoval Consuelo , González‐Ruiz Francisco Javier , Manzur‐Sandoval Daniel , Ramos‐Enríquez Ángel , Terrazas‐Cervantes Elías , Rojas‐Velasco Gustavo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing an ultrasound‐enhancing agent (UEA) has several indications, especially in diagnosing left ventricular thrombus. Herein, we present three cases of patients who were candidates for venous–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, among whom thrombus was ruled out via contrast echocardiography. The use of a UEA in these patients was a novel approach.
The long‐run agglomeration effects of early agriculture in Europe
Authors: Dickens Andrew , Lagerlöf Nils‐Petter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study the effects of an early introduction of agriculture (Neolithic Transition) on modern agglomeration, using a new dataset on carbon dated organic materials found at archeological sites in Northern Europe. We find a positive effect of early agriculture, in particular within countries, which contrasts with a negative or zero correlation found in studies using older data, covering a larger region that includes both Europe and the Middle East. We argue that this reflects a mix of positive long‐run effects on urban agglomeration, and negative effects on state institutions, which show up to different degrees depending on context.
Parentage‐based tagging using mothers balances accuracy and cost for discriminating between natural and stocked recruitment for inland fisheries
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kimberly B. , Overgaard Therkildsen Nina , Marcy‐Quay Benjamin , Borchardt‐Wier Harmony B. , Sethi Suresh A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHatchery programmes are frequently used to supplement inland fisheries, yet achieving successful management outcomes often requires information on stocked versus naturally reproduced fish abundance. Parentage‐based tagging – genetically assigning offspring to their parents – has potential to be an effective approach for distinguishing stocked and naturally reproduced fish. However, several challenges may limit its application to inland fisheries, including genetic relatedness among populations that can affect identification accuracy and high costs of genotyping large broodstocks. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of parentage‐based tagging based on broodmothers in the Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon fishery, which uses thousands of broodparents and has potential for substantial relatedness between stocked and naturally reproduced fish. Restricting parent sampling to broodmothers reduced costs by two‐thirds, was logistically pragmatic, and achieved >95% accuracy in distinguishing stocked from naturally reproduced salmon. Combined, these results highlight the potential wide applicability of parentage‐based tagging for assessing stocking programmes in inland waters.
Understanding effects of COVID‐19 on undergraduate academic stress, motivation and coping over time
Authors: Fridkin Lisa , Fonts Neus Bover , Quy Katie , Zwiener‐Collins Nadine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rapid and unprecedented shift from face‐to‐face instruction to remote online learning as a consequence of the COVID‐19 pandemic had a substantial impact on teaching and learning in Higher Education: students had to adapt to a new way of learning, away from typical campus settings and their peers, and to new forms of assessments. This study examined academic stress, learning strategies, motivation and ways of coping from a sample of 177 unique students from a large London university, collecting primary data via survey at three time points during the academic year 2020/21 when teaching was remote and online only. Our findings show how patterns in academic stress, learning strategies, motivation and coping vary over the course of the academic year giving novel insight into how student learning and adaptation to the situation changed over time. We also report on differences in these patterns according to year group and for those students who are the first‐in‐family to attend university and those who are not. Based on these findings we identify priority areas where higher education institutions should support undergraduate students and provide evidence that some groups of students may need more and targeted support to secure their ongoing learning and well‐being.
Leadless versus transvenous single‐chamber ventricular pacemakers: 3 year follow‐up of the Micra CED study
Authors: Crossley George H. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Longacre Colleen , Higuera Lucas , Stromberg Kurt , El‐Chami Mikhael F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe Micra Coverage with Evidence Development (CED) Study is a novel comparative analysis of Micra (leadless VVI) and transvenous single‐chamber ventricular pacemakers (transvenous VVI) using administrative claims data. To compare chronic complications, device reinterventions, heart failure hospitalizations, and all‐cause mortality after 3 years of follow‐up.MethodsUS Medicare claims data linked to manufacturer device registration information were used to identify Medicare beneficiaries with a de novo implant of either a Micra VR leadless VVI or transvenous VVI pacemaker from March 9, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Unadjusted and propensity score overlap‐weight adjusted Fine‐Gray competing risk models were used to compare outcomes at 3 years.ResultsLeadless VVI patients (N = 6219) had a 32% lower rate of chronic complications and a 41% lower rate of reintervention compared with transvenous VVI patients (N = 10 212) (chronic complication hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59−0.78; reintervention HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.44−0.78). Infections rates were significantly lower among patients with a leadless VVI (<0.2% vs. 0.7%, p < .0001). Patients with a leadless VVI also had slightly lower rates of heart failure hospitalization (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.84−0.97). There was no difference in the adjusted 3‐year all‐cause mortality rate (HR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.92−1.03).ConclusionThis nationwide comparative evaluation of leadless VVI versus transvenous VVI de novo pacemaker implants demonstrated that the leadless group had significantly fewer complications, reinterventions, heart failure hospitalizations, and infections than the transvenous group at 3 years, confirming that the previously reported shorter‐term advantages associated with leadless pacing persist and continue to accrue in the medium‐to‐long‐term.
Early feasibility studies in the United States: Focus on electrophysiology
Authors: Weiss J. Peter , Farb Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe care of patients with heart rhythm disorders is often dependent on technologies developed to address their unique clinical needs. Although much innovation occurs in the United States, recent decades have seen a significant proportion of early clinical studies performed outside the United States, driven largely by costly and time‐inefficient processes seemingly inherent to the United States research ecosystem. As a result, the goals of early patient access to novel devices to address unmet needs and efficient technology development in the United States remain incompletely realized. This review will introduce key aspects of this discussion, organized by the Medical Device Innovation Consortium, in an effort to broaden awareness and encourage engagement by stakeholders in an effort to address central issues and therefore further a growing effort to shift Early Feasibility Studies to the United States for the benefit of all involved.
Statin's role on blood pressure levels: Meta‐analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Hui Ting , Deng Nian Hua , Wu Ze Fan , Zhou Zhan Yang , Tian Zhen , Liu Xi Yan , Wang Yan Xia , Zheng Hong Yu , Ou Yang Shao , Jiang Zhi Sheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatins have been proven to be effective in minimizing the risk of cardiovascular adverse events, however, their effect on BP variability is debatable with respect to their significance and their use as a potential anti‐hypertensive. Using a meta‐analysis approach, the aim of this study was to explore whether certain statins have the potential to lower blood pressure (BP). For the period 2002–2022, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for the studies that examined the effect of statins on blood pressure in normotensive or hypertensive individuals. Randomized controlled clinical trials that investigated this effect were included based on our inclusion criteria. Our primary outcomes were changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The final analysis of the study included 49 RCTs involving 45 173 participants randomized to receive either statins or placebo. Among the two groups, the total weighted mean difference (WMD) for systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) was –1.42 (95% CI: –2.38, –0.46; p = .004) and diastolic blood pressure (ΔDBP) was 0.82 (95% CI: –1.28, –0.36; p = .0005). Despite various studies suggesting the efficacy of statins in blood pressure lowering to be significant and non‐significant both, we observed a decrease in SBP and DBP both, although the change was not as large and could be considered significant. A large multicenter, multi‐ethnic, large sample pool size, and a long period follow‐up study is still required to assert these claims.
Keeping kin close? Geographies of family networks by race and income, 1981–2017
Authors: Spring Amy , Ackert Elizabeth , Roche Sarah , Parris Dionne , Crowder Kyle , Kravitz‐Wirtz Nicole 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined changes in geographic proximity to family members among race and income groups in the United States from 1981 to 2017.BackgroundClose geographic proximity to family members can facilitate mutual support and strengthen family bonds. Some scholars argue that institutional sources of support have replaced many core family functions, which might mean that households are likely to live increasingly farther away from family. Advancing technology and changing labor market opportunities might reinforce this pattern. Yet, the ongoing cultural and emotional salience of family might curtail the effects of these factors on the increasing distance to family.MethodWe conducted a quantitative analysis of longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We utilized the multigenerational structure of the PSID and restricted‐use geocodes to map kin proximity at every interview from 1981 to 2017. We cross‐classified our sample by race and income, focusing on Black and White respondents across income quartiles (n = 171,501 person‐periods).ResultsHigh‐income White respondents showed the greatest increases in distance from kin over time, whereas proximity to kin among other race‐income groups was relatively stable.ConclusionProximate kin has become less central in the lives of high‐income White households over time, whereas close proximity to kin has been the norm over time for other racial and income groups. These results have implications for racial and income differences in kin relations over time.
Intraarterial thrombolytics as an adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy in patients with basilar artery occlusion
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Lodhi Abdullah , Ma Xiaoyu , Tao Chunrong , Li Rui , Xu Pengfei , Hu Wei ,   for Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion (ATTENTION) Registry Investigators
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThere are limited data regarding safety and effectiveness of concurrent intraarterial thrombolytics as adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients with basilar artery occlusion.MethodsWe analyzed data from a prospective multicenter registry to assess the independent effect of intraarterial thrombolysis on (1) favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0‐3) at 90 days; (2) symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 72 hours; and (3) death within 90 days post‐enrollment after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsThere was no difference in the adjusted odds of achieving favorable outcome at 90 days (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73‐1.68) in patients who received intraarterial thrombolysis (n = 126) compared with those who did not receive intraarterial thrombolysis (n = 1546) despite significantly higher use in patients with postprocedure modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade <3. There were no differences in adjusted odds of sICH within 72 hours (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.31‐2.08) or death within 90 days (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.60‐1.37). In subgroup analyses, intraarterial thrombolysis was associated with (nonsignificantly) higher odds of achieving a favorable outcome at 90 days among patients aged between 65 and 80 years, those with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <10, and those with postprocedure mTICI grade 2b.ConclusionsOur analysis supported the safety of intraarterial thrombolysis as adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients with basilar artery occlusion. Identification of patient subgroups in whom intraarterial thrombolytics appeared to be more beneficial may assist in future clinical trial designs.
Host immune responses to enzootic and invasive pathogen lineages vary in magnitude, timing, and efficacy
Authors: McDonald Coby A. , Becker C. Guilherme , Lambertini Carolina , Toledo L. Felipe , Haddad Célio F. B. , Zamudio Kelly R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInfectious diseases of wildlife continue to pose a threat to biodiversity worldwide, yet pathogens are far from uniform in virulence or host disease outcome. Within the same pathogen species, virulence can vary considerably depending on strain or lineage, in turn eliciting variable host responses. One pathogen that has caused extensive biodiversity loss is the amphibian‐killing fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which is comprised of a globally widespread hypervirulent lineage (Bd‐GPL), and multiple geographically restricted, enzootic lineages. Whereas host immunogenomic responses to Bd‐GPL have been characterized in a number of amphibian species, immunogenomic responses to geographically restricted, enzootic Bd lineages are less clear. To examine lineage‐specific host immune responses to Bd, we exposed a species of pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus pitanga, which is endemic to Brazil's Southern Atlantic Forest, to either the Bd‐GPL or the enzootic Bd‐Asia‐2/Brazil (hereafter Bd‐Brazil) lineage. Using temporal samples from early, mid, and late infection stages, we quantified functional immunogenomic responses over the course of infection using differential gene expression tests and coexpression network analyses. Host immune responses varied significantly with Bd lineage. Relative to controls, toadlet responses to Bd‐Brazil were weak at early infection (25 genes significantly differentially expressed), peaked by mid‐stage infection (414 genes), and were nearly fully resolved by late‐stage infection (nine genes). In contrast, responses to Bd‐GPL were magnified and delayed; toadlets significantly differentially expressed 111 genes early, 87 genes at mid‐stage infection, and 726 genes by late‐stage infection relative to controls. Given that infection intensity did not vary between mid‐ and late‐stage disease in either Bd‐Brazil or Bd‐GPL treatments, this suggests that pumpkin toadlets may be at least partially tolerant to the enzootic Bd‐Brazil lineage. In contrast, late‐stage immune activation against Bd‐GPL was consistent with immune dysregulation previously observed in other species. Our results demonstrate that both the timing of immune response and the particular immune pathways activated are specific to Bd lineage. Within regions where multiple Bd lineages co‐occur, and given continued global Bd movement, these differential host responses may influence not only individual disease outcome, but transmission dynamics at the population and community levels.
Diversity, distribution, and expression of opsin genes in freshwater lakes
Authors: He Shaomei , Linz Alexandra M. , Stevens Sarah L. R. , Tran Patricia Q. , Moya‐Flores Francisco , Oyserman Ben O. , Dwulit‐Smith Jeffrey R. , Forest Katrina T. , McMahon Katherine D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrobial rhodopsins are widely distributed in aquatic environments and may significantly contribute to phototrophy and energy budgets in global oceans. However, the study of freshwater rhodopsins has been largely limited. Here, we explored the diversity, ecological distribution, and expression of opsin genes that encode the apoproteins of type I rhodopsins in humic and clearwater lakes with contrasting physicochemical and optical characteristics. Using metagenomes and metagenome‐assembled genomes, we recovered opsin genes from a wide range of taxa, mostly predicted to encode green light‐absorbing proton pumps. Viral opsin and novel bacterial opsin clades were recovered. Opsin genes occurred more frequently in taxa from clearwater than from humic water, and opsins in some taxa have nontypical ion‐pumping motifs that might be associated with physicochemical conditions of these two freshwater types. Analyses of the surface layer of 33 freshwater systems revealed an inverse correlation between opsin gene abundance and lake dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In humic water with high terrestrial DOC and light‐absorbing humic substances, opsin gene abundance was low and dramatically declined within the first few meters, whereas the abundance remained relatively high along the bulk water column in clearwater lakes with low DOC, suggesting opsin gene distribution is influenced by lake optical properties and DOC. Gene expression analysis confirmed the significance of rhodopsin‐based phototrophy in clearwater lakes and revealed different diel expressional patterns among major phyla. Overall, our analyses revealed freshwater opsin diversity, distribution and expression patterns, and suggested the significance of rhodopsin‐based phototrophy in freshwater energy budgets, especially in clearwater lakes.
Selection of rhizosphere communities of diverse rotation crops reveals unique core microbiome associated with reduced banana Fusarium wilt disease
Authors: Hong Shan , Yuan Xianfu , Yang Jinming , Yang Yue , Jv Hongling , Li Rong , Jia Zhongjun , Ruan Yunze 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Crop rotation can assemble distinct core microbiota as functionally specific barriers against the invasion of banana Fusarium oxysporum pathogens. However, the taxonomic identity of rotation‐unique core taxa and their legacy effects are poorly understood under field conditions.
Pepper and eggplant rotations were employed to reveal rotation crop‐ and banana‐unique antagonistic core taxa by in situ tracking of the soil microbiome assembly patterns for 2 yr. The rotation crop‐unique antagonistic taxa were isolated and functionally verified by culture‐dependent techniques, high‐throughput sequencing, and pot experiments.
Pepper and eggplant rotations resulted in eight and one rotation‐unique antagonistic core taxa out of 12 507 microbial taxa, respectively. These nine antagonistic taxa were retained the following year and significantly decreased banana wilt disease incidence via legacy effects, although the cultivated strains were exclusively of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The fermentation broth and volatiles of these two taxa showed strong antagonistic activity, and pot experiments demonstrated high suppression of wilt disease and significant promotion of banana growth.
Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of the identification of rotation crop‐unique antagonistic taxa and highlights the importance of targeted cultivation of beneficial microorganisms for optimizing crop rotation‐based scenarios in support of banana agriculture sustainability.
Cortical thickness of the left parahippocampal cortex links central hearing and cognitive performance in aging
Authors: Li Rui , Miao Xiaoyan , Han Buxin , Li Juan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHearing impairment is considered a leading modifiable risk factor of cognitive decline and dementia. While most evidence has been established on clinical assessment of peripheral hearing loss, understanding of how central hearing in real‐world conditions is associated with cognitive aging is limited. This study analyzed the data of 473 unrelated healthy adults aged 36–100 years old from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Aging. Central hearing was evaluated using the Words‐in‐Noise decibel threshold. Cognitive functions were evaluated by the performance on cognitive tests, and cortical thickness was estimated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Here, we show that a higher hearing threshold was associated with a lower performance on immediate and delayed episodic memory retrieval, switching aspect of executive function, working memory, reading decoding, and vocabulary comprehension. Cortical thickness in the left parahippocampal cortex (lPHC) was negatively associated with the hearing threshold and acted as a significant partial mediator in the association of central hearing with immediate recall, switching, reading decoding, and vocabulary comprehension. These findings suggest that cortical thickness in the lPHC, an early target of dementia, partially links central hearing and performance in multiple cognitive domains in aging.