bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of an outbreak of jaundice in a rural area of District Srinagar in Kashmir
Authors: Taj Rukhsana , Rather Rouf Hussain , Khan Shabana Maqbool , Jan Rifat , Wani Aziz 
Published: January 2023

: A team of doctors visited the Gasoo area of Batpora on 20-02-2020 to investigate the suspected outbreak of jaundice.1. To verify the occurrence of an outbreak of jaundice, 2. To identify etiology of this outbreak and 3.To identify the population affected.Two teams started from the center of village in two opposite directions and undertook house to house survey. Any person having the history of one or more of 5 symptoms/signs: yellowish discoloration of eyes or body, pain abdomen, vomiting, fever or history of hospitalization within past 1 month was considered for inclusion into investigation. Blood samples were taken for hepatitis serology.A totalof16 cases were examined with 9 of them males. History of Yellowish discoloration of eyes or body was the most common symptom (87%) followed by fever (81%). Mean Serum bilirubin was 3.4 mg/dl. Hepatitis A serology was positive in 7 cases out of 8 tested cases while as hepatitis B and C serology was negative in all the tested cases.: As there was clustering of cases of jaundice in the area clearly in excess of expected, so the outbreak of Juandice was confirmed. The time, place and person distribution of jaundice pointed towards a water-borne hepatitis which was confirmed by laboratory tests to be Hepatitis A outbreak. Most commonly affected age group was 10 to 15 years.An outbreak of jaundice was confirmed and it was found to be due to Hepatitis A Virus.
Speciation of Candida isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis cases, detection of virulence markers of Candida and antifungal susceptibility by disc diffusion method
Authors: Yoganand Raksha , Mahadevaiah Prathiba , Rudresh Soorashetty Manohar , Ravi G S  
Published: January 2023

: Species belonging to the genus are ubiquitous in nature and many of them form the normal microbial flora in human and animal bodies. A wide variety of infections on mucosal surfaces under certain conditions can be caused due to the sp: A total of 40 isolates of Candida, isolated from vaginal swabs among 476 patients with clinically suspected VVC. Antifungal susceptibility testing done using Fluconazole and Voriconazole. Virulence markers Phospholipase activity, Proteinase activity, Biofilm Productionwere detected by standard methods.: Out of 40 isolates, the following species were isolated, (52.5%) was the most common species isolated from vaginal swabs. The species isolated were (27.5%), (15%), (5%).Intense phospholipase activity was observed in 12 (30%) samples, there was no activity in 18 (45%) samples. A moderate phospholipase activity was observed in 6 (15%) isolates, poor activity in 4 (10%) samples.Proteinase activity was strongly positive in 33 isolates which was identified as and. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 9 isolates, moderate in 8, weak in 11 and negative in 12 isolates. All 40 isolates are susceptible to Fluconazole and Voriconazole.From this study it is observed that and are the major species of causing VVC. Virulence marker analysis such as that for phospholipase, proteinase and biofilm formation will help to analyse the pathogenicity and further research required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these pathways.
Pre-conception folic acid intake and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children
Authors: UZUN Mehmet Erdem , KAYMAZ Nazan , AYLANC Hakan , GÖKTEN Emel Sarı , ŞİRİN Hande , BATTAL Fatih 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in children. It is thought to occur due to the interaction of many genetic and environmental factors during early development. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the etiology of ADHD. Some have investigated neurobiology, and others have investigated malnutrition and trace element deficiency. To investigate the effect of folic acid intake during the pre-conception period in terms of ADHD development. Methods: Five hundred and ninety-eight participants, 246 children with ADHD, and 352 healthy controls were enrolled. A questionnaire was completed, including socio-demographic information and the use of folic acid and other supplements such as a multivitamin, iron, and omega 3 during pregnancy. Data were examined to determine associations with ADHD. Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables, Pearson’s chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables were used to compare groups. Results: The use of folic acid during pre-pregnancy among mothers who had a child with ADHD was 13% and this was 31% in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups’ use of folic acid in pregnancy (p = 0.617). Other situations related to ADHD were advanced maternal age (p &lt; 0.001 for both groups), abnormal double screening test results in pregnancy (27% vs. 5%, p &lt; 0.001) and omega 3 use in pregnancy (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The use of folic acid before and during pregnancy is important for neurological development. However, there is little data on use before pregnancy in the literature. This study shows that folic acid taken before pregnancy may prevent ADHD in childhood. The present study recommends folic acid usage in planned pregnancy to prevent ADHD in the child.
Healthcare and Climate Change: A South African Health Professionals’ Perspective
Authors: Manga Akshay , Dartchiev Denis , Variava Ebrahim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Climate change is currently the most significant threat to human health. Middle- and lower-income countries are at particular risk, placing South Africa at risk. To date research analysing healthcare workers’ perspectives on climate change has a unitary bias towards the views of developed and high-income nations. The aim of this study was to assess healthcare professionals’ knowledge and perspectives on climate change in South Africa and thereby contribute to improving their education regarding climate change and health.

Methods: We conducted a national survey of healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, medical students, allied health professionals) assessing views on several aspects related to climate change and health. The survey included overall views on climate change, perceptions of climate change and health as well as on healthcare systems and climate change.

Results: The majority of the participants in the survey were doctors, predominantly from the public sector. The three health categories which most concerned participants were malnutrition/foodborne diseases, waterborne diseases/other water related health concerns and morbidity and mortality related to extreme weather events. Some of the health areas of less concern were non-communicable diseases and mental health. Additionally, 81% of participants were not aware of how their health facility was adapting to climate change.

Conclusion: South African healthcare workers demonstrate a reasonable knowledge regarding climate change and the effects it will have on healthcare, a view similar to those of health professionals in high income countries. Hopefully, through improvements in environmental health education and increasing awareness and understanding amongst healthcare workers, there will be greater advocacy and transformation of our healthcare systems.
Śpiączka i jej społeczne konsekwencje. Przegląd wątków poruszanych w dyskursie naukowym
Authors: Rożniatowska Karolina 
Published: January 2023

Śpiączka to zjawisko, które dotyka niewielki odsetek członków społeczeństwa. Jej konsekwencje mogą być bardzo poważne, zarówno w aspekcie zdrowotnym, jak i psychologicznym oraz społecznym. O zjawisku tym dużo pisze się w ramach nauk o zdrowiu, natomiast nauki społeczne nieszczególnie interesują się śpiączką. Celem mojego artykułu jest analiza tekstów naukowych, które poruszają temat śpiączki i jej skutków, oraz wyodrębnienie tematów poruszanych w dyskursie naukowym o śpiączce. Stawiam sobie także zadanie wskazania, jak wiele wniosków o psychospołecznym wymiarze śpiączki płynie z nauk o zdrowiu dla nauk społecznych. Aby zmapować wątki obecne w literaturze, buduję bazę publikacji, którą kolejno poddaję analizie treści. Jak wykazała analiza, wśród wyodrębnionych tematów w ramach problematyki śpiączki i jej konsekwencji znajdują się m.in. tożsamość osób wybudzonych, codzienność po wybudzeniu oraz przedstawianie śpiączki w tekstach kultury. Przeprowadzona analiza potwierdza, że śpiączka i jej konsekwencje to obszar wymagający eksploracji przez nauki społeczne, a szczególnie socjologię.
E-Learning beyond COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities as perceived by 8th-grade science teachers
Authors: Alshorman Sameera 
Published: January 2023

The spread of E-learning accelerated exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, teaching science requires more attention than other subjects because it contains more practical activities and hands-on experiences. This study examines science teachers' perception of using E-learning platforms in teaching 8th-grade science during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty science teachers from 12 private schools participated in this study. The participants' perspectives were ascertained by a researcher-developed survey and a follow-up personal interview. To reinforce the data gathered from the survey, nine science teachers participated in an open-ended interview. The demographic variables used were gender, age, and years of experience. The results revealed that most teachers have positive perceptions towards E-learning. Furthermore, female teachers showed superiority over male teachers in embracing E-learning platforms. Moreover, younger teachers with fewer years of experience had more positive perceptions of using E-learning platforms than older teachers with more experience. However, most science teachers still do not consider E-learning a complete alternative to traditional classroom teaching. Based on the findings, this study proposes that schools increase their investment in and utilisation of E-learning platforms to enhance education and promote independent learning among students.
Keywords: E-learning, E-learning platforms, Science Education, Online Learning, Science Teachers.
Post-Maturity Progression in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Curves of 40° to 50°
Authors: Yu Sze-Hon , Ng Cheuk-Man , Cheung Jason Pui-Yin , Shea Graham Ka-Hon 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves of 50° to 75° are inclined to progress and are thus indicated for surgery. Nevertheless, the natural history of curves of 40° to 50° following skeletal maturity remains uncertain and presents a clinical dilemma. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, rate, and prognostic indicators of curve progression within this patient group.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study of 73 skeletally mature patients with AIS. Following yearly or more frequent follow-up, patients were stratified as having no progression (<5° increase) or progression (≥5° increase). Those with progression were further differentiated as having standard progression (<2° increase/year) or fast progression (≥2° increase/year). Radiographic parameters (coronal balance, sagittal balance, truncal shift, apical translation, T1 tilt, apical vertebral wedging) and height were determined on skeletal maturity. Parameters that were significantly associated with progression were subject to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:
The average period of post-maturity follow-up was 11.8 years. The prevalence of progression was 61.6%. Among those with progression, the curve increased by a mean of 1.47° ± 1.22° per year, and among those with fast progression, by 3.0° ± 1.2° per year. Thoracic apical vertebral wedging (concave/convex vertebral height × 100) was more apparent in those with progression than in those without progression (84.1 ± 7.5 versus 88.6 ± 3.1; p = 0.003). Increased coronal imbalance (C7 plumb line to central sacral vertebral line) differentiated those with fast progression from others (16.0 ± 11.0 versus 8.7 ± 7.7 mm; p = 0.007). An ROC curve of height-corrected coronal balance demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.722, sensitivity of 75.0%, and specificity of 72.5% in identifying fast progression. An ROC curve of height-corrected coronal balance together with apical vertebral wedging to identify those with progression demonstrated an AUC of 0.746, with specificity of 93.7% and sensitivity of 64.5%.

Conclusions:
While the majority of curves progressed, the average rate of progression was slow, and thus, yearly observation was a reasonable management approach. Upon validation in larger cohorts, apical wedging and coronal imbalance may identity patients suited for closer monitoring and early spinal fusion.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Processes of salt slag recycling in aluminum production to obtain powder material with a high content of aluminum oxide phases
Authors: Nemenenok B. M. , Rafalski I. V. , Lushchik P. E. , Dolgi L. P. , Rulenkov A. D. 
Published: January 2023

The processing of salt slags in aluminum production in order to obtain a powder material with a high content of aluminum oxide phases and the results of thermodynamic assessment of the hydrolysis reactions of aluminum carbide and nitride during the hydraulic treatment of slags are discussed. It is reported that water‑soluble fluorine compounds, such as Na3AlF6, CaF2, MgF2, K2ZrF6 , in the composition of refining fluxes complicates the processing of aluminum slags, which involve leaching of salts by water. A rational solution seems to be the replacement of sparingly soluble salts in refining fluxes with sodium or potassium fluorides with a higher solubility in water. It is shown that the powder mixture obtained after hydraulic treatment of aluminum slag includes various forms of structural components in the form of films, shells, submicroand nanostructures of various morphologies with the participation of various types of nano‑components, in which the phases of non‑metallic compounds predominate, mainly ceramic substances and salts (corundum Al2O3, aluminum oxynitride Al2.85O3.45N0.55, aluminum nitride AlN, sodium chloride NaCl) and metallic aluminum. It is indicated that the possibility of forming eutectic mixtures of ceramic compounds of aluminum oxide and aluminum oxynitride, which are more fusible than pure oxides and nitrides, must be taken into account when developing salt slag recycling technologies in order to obtain ceramic powder materials with a high content of alumina phases.
Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages from the Laurentian Channel in the Lower Estuary and Gulf of ST. Lawrence, Eastern Canada: Tracers of Bottom-Water Hypoxia
Authors: Audet Tiffany , de Vernal Anne , Mucci Alfonso , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , Hillaire-Marcel Claude , Carnero-Bravo Vladislav , Gélinas Yves 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Over the past century, an increase in temperatures and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations have been observed in the bottom waters of the Laurentian Channel (LC), throughout the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) and the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), eastern Canada. To document the impact of these changes, we analyzed the benthic foraminiferal assemblages and geochemical signatures of four sediment cores taken in the LC. Radiometric measurements (210Pb, 226Ra, 137Cs) indicate that the studied cores encompass the last 50 years of sedimentation in the LSLE and the last ∼160 years in the GSL. The sedimentary record shows a 60 to 65% decrease in benthic foraminiferal taxonomic diversity in the LC since the 1960s. An accelerated change in the foraminiferal assemblages is observed at approximately the same time at all studied sites, around the late 1990s and the early 2000s, towards populations dominated by the hypoxia-tolerant indicator taxa Brizalina subaenariensis, Eubuliminella exilis, and Globobulimina auriculata. This evolution of assemblages reflects incursions of the hypoxic zone into the western GSL over the last decades. The results of our multivariate analyses highlight the potential of benthic foraminiferal assemblages as a proxy of bottom-water hypoxia.
Influence of Cultural Factors on Choice of Childbirth Place Among Women in Oyigbo Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: OBIKA-NDIRI NGOZI AFULENU , NDIKOM CHIZOMA MILLICENT , OBIKA OGOCHUKWU IMMACULATE , ASEMINASO OMINEOKUMA TUBONEMI 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some cultural practices which encourages both maternal mortality and infant death, are still a major challenge especially in developing countries like Nigeria, cultural norms and practices during childbirth are common but little is documented about how these cultural and religious beliefs influence women and their childbirth place choices. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalent cultural factors that influence the choice of childbirth places among the women of child bearing age, in Oyigbo Local Government area of Rivers State in Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY: A self-structured questionnaire was used as instrument to collect data for the study through simple random sampling, and these data was analyzed using Frequency and percentage for descriptive statistics while chi-square was used for inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance.
RESULT: The result showed that most of the women had secondary education and were mostly influenced by patriarchal system, and also there was a high level of hospital adherence among the women in Oyigbo. The influence of cultural factors; family traditions (x² = 12.56, P = 0.006), religious beliefs (x² = 70.66, P = 0.000), Lack of confidence in health facilities (x² = 367.83, P = 0.000), and Presence of male skilled birth attendants (x² = 50.85, P = 0.000), were statistical significant to the choice of childbirth place while patriarchal system (x² = 2.99, P = 0.393) was not statistically significant to the choices of childbirth places of women in Oyigbo. Influence of religion (x² = 125.46, P = 0.000) on choices childbirth place was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, this study has shown that there is significant religious and cultural influence on the choices of childbirth places of women in Oyigbo Local Government Area of Rivers State.
Liver microbiome in healthy rats: the hidden inhabitants of hepatocytes
Authors: Sun Xiao Wei , Zhang Hua , Zhang Xiao , Xin Peng Fei , Gao Xue , Li Hong Rui , Zhou Cai Yun , Gao Wen Min , Kou Xuan Xuan , Zhang Jian Gang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The tumor and tissue microbiota of human beings have recently been investigated. Gut permeability is known as a possible resource for the positive detection of tissue bacteria. Herein, we report that microbiotawere detected in high abundance in the hepatocytes of healthy rats, and that they were shared with the gut microbiota to an extent. We assessed male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene. After ratswere sacrificed by blood drainage from the portal vein, we extracted total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from their ileal and colonic contents and liver tissues. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequences were assigned taxonomically by the SILVA database. We also detected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in situ using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting and the 16S rRNA gene using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In the livers of six rats, we detected 54,867.50 ± 6450.03 effective tags of the 16S rRNA gene and clustered them into 1003 kinds of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 805.67 ± 70.14, 729–893). Individuals showed conservation of bacterial richness, abundance, and evenness. LPS and the 16S rRNA gene were detected in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The main function composition of the genomes of annotated bacteria was correlated with metabolism (79.92 ± 0.24%). Gram negativity was about 1.6 times higher than gram positivity. The liver microbiome was shared with both the small and large intestines, but showed significantly higher richness and evenness than the gut microbiome, and the β-diversity results showed that the liver microbiomeexhibited significantly higher similarity than the small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the bacteria in the liver microbiome are hidden intracellular inhabitants in healthy rat livers.
Audience Effects in Sooty Mangabey Agonistic Behaviour
Authors: Quintero Fredy , Touitou Sonia , Magris Martina , Zuberbühler Klaus 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aggression is a major behavioural mechanism for animals engaged in competitive interactions, such as when trying to repel predators, access resources or pursue other self-serving interests. However, aggression also has a secondary function as a partner control mechanism to coerce others into cooperation and tolerance. Both functions are available to higher-ranking individuals interacting with lower-ranking opponents, which raises the question of how lower-ranking individuals achieve their goals. Here, we investigated how free-ranging sooty mangabeys, a socially tolerant forest dwelling primate, used aggression during competitive interactions inside and outside food patches, in front of uninvolved bystanders. As predicted, subjects used aggression to displace lower-ranking competitors from food, but we also found two audience effects. First, individuals generally refrained from severe aggression in front of friends and small audiences and, second, mild aggression was significantly augmented in front of high-ranking audiences, often accompanied by vocalisations. We discuss these patterns of audience-dependent aggressive behaviour and conclude that, while mangabeys do seem to pursue immediate foraging goals, they are also capable of adjusting levels of aggression for social benefits when observed by socially relevant audiences, possibly to enhance the likelihood of future tolerance.
Risk of leakage with a new detachable multi-hard-port containment system for power morcellation during gynecologic laparoscopy: An in vitro study
Authors: zhao fang , Wang Wenhui , Ling Bin , Liang Jing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Although laparoscopic surgery has been a milestone for minimally invasive surgeries, there still exists concern of the spread of morcellated tissue fragments in malignancy. Different tissue containment systems have been used in laparoscopic power morcellation. However, a risk of leakage still exists in clinical practice.In this study, we aimed to evaluate leakage and tissue dissemination associated with a new detachable multi-hard-port containment system for tissue removal during laparoscopic myomectomy morcellation. Beef tongue specimens were stained with indigo carmine dye and morcellated under laparoscopic guidance in a plastic trainer box. The morcellation test in in vitro conditions comprised two different containment systems to simulate laparoscopic power morcellation, specifically a polyurethane bag with two pipes (control group) and a detachable multi-hard-port containment system (experimental group). Insufflation pressure was set at 14 mmHg. Visual evidence of spilled tissue or dye and procedure times were recorded. Thirty trials were performed using a multi-port approach and the two tissue containment systems. The leakage rate was 0.03% (n = 30) for the experimental group and 26.6% (n = 30) for the control group (p < 0.005). Morcellation time was significantly shorter in the experimental group than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Median bag introduction time was shorter in the experimental group than that in the control group; however, removal time differences were not significant. This study quantified leakage during morcellation and the convenience provided by a new tissue containment system.