bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideology, grand strategy and the rise and decline of Ethiopia's regional status
Authors: Gebreluel Goitom 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ethiopia transformed from a state on the verge of collapse at the end of the Cold War into one of the world's fastest-developing economies and a regional power in the Horn of Africa in less than two decades. Since 2018 its economic, military and diplomatic status have, however, become significantly compromised yet again. What explains these significant fluctuations in regional power status? Drawing on policy documents and in-depth interviews with diplomatic, military and political officials from the Horn of Africa this article conducts a comparative analysis of the nature and variation of Ethiopia's regional power status under the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in 2000–2018 and the Prosperity Party (PP) in 2018–2022. The findings illustrate that the fluctuations in regional power were primarily caused by different grand strategies, which in turn reflected the priorities of the EPRDF's developmental state and the PP's restorative nationalist ideologies. These grand strategic concepts shaped Ethiopian government policies on key issues like defence doctrine, status-seeking, economic development, and rivalry and alliance management. These policies had a direct and significant impact on Ethiopia's state capacity, its ability to project military power and its diplomatic influence.
Centering Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Experience, Access, & Safety in Ecological Fieldwork
Authors: Matsuda Shayle B 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
Efforts to make ecological sciences more diverse, equitable, and inclusive require us to identify who is being left out and take action to rectify harmful situations. Recruitment of trainees from underrepresented groups alone is insufficient without ensuring a safe and supportive environment where we can flourish. Fieldwork is a critical component and often a requirement for career advancement in ecological sciences, but for transgender and gender non-conforming (TGnC) individuals, it can be disproportionately harmful. TGnC individuals face barriers and gendered violence before, during, and after fieldwork, and our experiences are often lost in current discussions of underrepresented groups in the field. In this article, I discuss the importance of an intersectional framework that focuses on planning, open communication, and trust, to address both the barriers TGnC trainees’ experience with travel, accommodations, and access to medical care, along with their experiences of perceived and actual violence by colleagues and strangers. Additionally, I propose direct actions that those in power, such as Principal Investigators, field station managers, and mentors, can take to ensure a safe and welcoming fieldwork environment that supports TGnC trainees’ physical, emotional, and professional well-being.
Totally Nonnegative Critical Varieties
Authors: Galashin Pavel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study totally nonnegative parts of critical varieties in the Grassmannian. We show that each totally nonnegative critical variety $\operatorname{Crit}^{\geqslant 0}_f$ is the image of an affine poset cyclohedron under a continuous map and use this map to define a boundary stratification of $\operatorname{Crit}^{\geqslant 0}_f$. For the case of the top-dimensional positroid cell, we show that the totally nonnegative critical variety $\operatorname{Crit}^{\geqslant 0}_{k,n}$ is homeomorphic to the second hypersimplex $\Delta _{2,n}$.
Characteristic Foliation on Hypersurfaces With Positive Beauville–Bogomolov–Fujiki Square
Authors: Abugaliev Renat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Let $Y$ be a smooth hypersurface in a projective irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifold X of dimension 2n. The characteristic foliation $F$ is the kernel of the symplectic form restricted to Y. In this article, we prove that a generic leaf of the characteristic foliation is dense in Y if Y has positive Beauville–Bogomolov–Fujiki square.
A machine learning approach to determine resilience utilizing wearable device data: analysis of an observational cohort
Authors: Hirten Robert P , Suprun Maria , Danieletto Matteo , Zweig Micol , Golden Eddye , Pyzik Renata , Kaur Sparshdeep , Helmus Drew , Biello Anthony , Landell Kyle , Rodrigues Jovita , Bottinger Erwin P , Keefer Laurie , Charney Dennis , Nadkarni Girish N , Suarez-Farinas Mayte , Fayad Zahi A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether an individual’s degree of psychological resilience can be determined from physiological metrics passively collected from a wearable device.

Materials and Methods
Data were analyzed in this secondary analysis of the Warrior Watch Study dataset, a prospective cohort of healthcare workers enrolled across 7 hospitals in New York City. Subjects wore an Apple Watch for the duration of their participation. Surveys were collected measuring resilience, optimism, and emotional support at baseline.

Results
We evaluated data from 329 subjects (mean age 37.4 years, 37.1% male). Across all testing sets, gradient-boosting machines (GBM) and extreme gradient-boosting models performed best for high- versus low-resilience prediction, stratified on a median Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2 score of 6 (interquartile range = 5–7), with an AUC of 0.60. When predicting resilience as a continuous variable, multivariate linear models had a correlation of 0.24 (P = .029) and RMSE of 1.37 in the testing data. A positive psychological construct, comprised of resilience, optimism, and emotional support was also evaluated. The oblique random forest method performed best in estimating high- versus low-composite scores stratified on a median of 32.5, with an AUC of 0.65, a sensitivity of 0.60, and a specificity of 0.70.

Discussion
In a post hoc analysis, machine learning models applied to physiological metrics collected from wearable devices had some predictive ability in identifying resilience states and a positive psychological construct.

Conclusions
These findings support the further assessment of psychological characteristics from passively collected wearable data in dedicated studies.
Concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in maternal serum and fetal fluids, metabolite interrelationships, and hepatic transcript abundance of key folate and methionine cycle genes: the impacts of maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation
Authors: Syring Jessica G , Crouse Matthew S , Neville Tammi L , Ward Alison K , Dahlen Carl R , Reynolds Lawrence P , Borowicz Pawel P , McLean Kyle J , Neville Bryan W , Caton Joel S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Adequate maternal nutrition is key for proper fetal development and epigenetic programming. One-carbon metabolites (OCM), including vitamin B12, folate, choline, and methionine, play a role in epigenetic mechanisms associated with developmental programming. This study investigated the presence of B12 and folate in maternal serum, allantoic fluid (ALF), and amniotic fluid (AMF), as well as how those concentrations in all three fluids correlate to the concentrations of methionine–folate cycle intermediates in heifers receiving either a control (CON) or restricted (RES) diet for the first 50 d of gestation and fetal hepatic gene expression for methionine–folate cycle enzymes. Angus cross heifers (n = 43) were estrus synchronized, bred via artificial insemination with semen from a single sire, and randomly assigned to one of two nutrition treatments (CON = 20, RES = 23). Heifers were ovariohysterectomized on either day 16 (n = 14), 34 (n = 15), or 50 of gestation (n = 14), where samples of maternal serum (n = 42), ALF (n = 29), and AMF (n = 11) were collected and analyzed for concentrations of folate and B12. Concentrations of B12 and folate in ALF were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in RES compared to CON. For ALF, folate concentrations were also greater (P &lt; 0.01) on day 34 compared to day 50. There was a significant (P = 0.04) nutrition × fluid interaction for B12 concentrations where concentrations were greatest in restricted ALF, intermediate in control ALF, and lowest in CON and RES serum and AMF. Folate concentrations were greatest (P &lt; 0.01) in ALF, intermediate in serum, and lowest in AMF. Additionally, positive correlations (P &lt; 0.05) were found between ALF and AMF folate concentrations and AMF concentrations of methionine, serine, and glycine. Negative correlations (P &lt; 0.05) between AMF folate and serum homocysteine were also observed. Both positive and negative correlations (P &lt; 0.05) depending on the fluid evaluated were found between B12 and methionine, serine, and glycine concentrations. There was a downregulation (P = 0.05) of dihydrofolate reductase and upregulation (P = 0.03) of arginine methyltransferase 7 gene expression in RES fetal liver samples compared with CON fetal liver on day 50. Combined, these data show restricted maternal nutrition results in increased B12 and folate concentrations present in fetal fluids, and increased expression of genes for enzymes within one-carbon metabolism.
A fatal case of poisoning with a cathinone derivative: α-PiHP and its postmortem distribution in body fluids and organ tissues
Authors: Wachholz Paulina , Celiński Rafał , Bujak-Giżycka Beata , Skowronek Rafał , Pawlas Natalia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
New psychoactive substances continue to appear on the drug market, and alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PiHP) is one of the most popular cathinone derivatives. In this article, we report a case of death caused by α-PiHP. Based on the toxicological results of the studied case along with autopsy, histopathological findings and crime-scene information, fatal intoxication with α-PiHP was accepted as the final cause of death. α-PiHP and its metabolite (OH-α-PiHP) were detected and quantified in all postmortem materials (blood collected from the heart, the femoral vein and the dural venous sinuses; vitreous humor; cerebrospinal fluid; cerebral cortex; brainstem; cerebellum; bile; liver; kidney; heart; pancreas; spleen; thyroid gland; lung; adipose tissue; stomach and intestine). To date, this is the first case of determination of α-PiHP and its metabolite in postmortem specimens. In our opinion, α-PiHP and its metabolite concentration database can be helpful in the interpretation of fatal cases.
Hybrid neural network-based metaheuristics for prediction of financial markets: a case study on global gold market
Authors: Mousapour Mamoudan Mobina , Ostadi Ali , Pourkhodabakhsh Nima , Fathollahi-Fard Amir M , Soleimani Faezeh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Technical analysis indicators are popular tools in financial markets. These tools help investors to identify buy and sell signals with relatively large errors. The main goal of this study is to develop new practical methods to identify fake signals obtained from technical analysis indicators in the precious metals market. In this paper, we analyze these indicators in different ways based on the recorded signals for 10 months. The main novelty of this research is to propose hybrid neural network-based metaheuristic algorithms for analyzing them accurately while increasing the performance of the signals obtained from technical analysis indicators. We combine a convolutional neural network and a bidirectional gated recurrent unit whose hyperparameters are optimized using the firefly metaheuristic algorithm. To determine and select the most influential variables on the target variable, we use another successful recently developed metaheuristic, namely, the moth-flame optimization algorithm. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed models with other state-of-the-art single and hybrid deep learning and machine learning methods from the literature. Finally, the main finding is that the proposed neural network-based metaheuristics can be useful as a decision support tool for investors to address and control the enormous uncertainties in the financial and precious metals markets.
Natural disasters, risk and migration: evidence from the 2017 Pohang earthquake in Korea
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Lee Jongkwan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Using the 2017 Pohang earthquake in South Korea as a natural experiment, we examined the responses of the population. By constructing a counterfactual of Pohang using synthetic controls, we found that the earthquake significantly decreased the local population. To investigate the mechanisms of population decrease, we gathered administrative data on the universe of address changes and self-reported reasons for migration. While out-migration due to changes in the residential environment increased significantly, job-related migration showed little change. This out-migration also led to a depreciation in rental housing prices. Our results suggest that local residents perceived the earthquake as a negative amenity.
Economic Contribution Analysis of Urban and Community Forestry in the Southern United States in 2019
Authors: Parajuli Rajan , Chizmar Stephanie , Lamica Austin , Wiseman Eric , Gordon Jason , Ochuodho Thomas , Schons Stella Zucchetti , Henderson James E , Mehmood Sayeed , Johnson Lara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As populations in developing areas continue to increase in recent years, urban and community forestry (U&CF) has received considerable attention due to the ecological, social, and economic significance of trees and green landscapes in urban and semi-urban settings. Based on a regional survey of private, public, and nonprofit businesses and agencies involved in U&CF, we first developed a complete profile of the U&CF sector in the southern United States (SUS) and then estimated the economic contribution of U&CF businesses and activities to the thirteen-state regional economy. We estimated that, in 2019, U&CF in the SUS contributed about $23.2 billion in value added with a total jobs support of over 349,200. Based on the current economic contributions and the number of cities and towns in each state, we also categorized thirteen states into four different tiers. Results not only underscore the economic significance of U&CF businesses and activities in the SUS, but also serve as a baseline to track future trends and performance of U&CF in terms of various business metrics.
Gynoid Fat Distribution and Adipocyte Trapping May Explain Virological Failure With Intramuscular Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine
Authors: de Malliard Isabelle , Houist Anne-Laure , Peytavin Gilles , L’Yavanc Thomas , Bouvier Magali , Cappy Pierre , Lelièvre Jean-Daniel , Feredj Elsa , Vindrios William , Gallien Sebastien , Melica Giovanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntramuscular long-acting antiretroviral drugs can improve adherence to lifelong antiretroviral treatment. Nevertheless, adipose tissue thickness and distribution play a critical role with injectable drugs. We describe a virological failure with cabotegravir and rilpivirine in a Black African woman with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with gynoid fat distribution (ie, adipose tissue prevailing in the pelvis and hip area) and body mass index &lt;30 kg/m2.
Enterococci in Diabetic Foot Infections: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes
Authors: Perzon Ofer , Cahn Avivit , Gellman Yechiel N , Leibovitch Michal , Peled Shahar , Elishoov Ofer , Haze Amir , Olshtain-Pops Karen , Elinav Hila 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic foot infections (DFIs) are frequently polymicrobial, yet the relevance of each isolated pathogen, remains ill-defined. Specifically, the prevalence and pathogenicity of enterococcal DFIs and the impact of targeted antienterococcal treatment remain elusive.MethodsWe collected demographic, clinical, and outcome-related data on patients admitted with DFIs to the Hadassah Medical Center diabetic foot unit between 2014 and 2019. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or major amputation. Secondary outcomes included any amputation, major amputation, length of stay (LOS), and 1-year major amputation or mortality rate.ResultsEnterococci were isolated in 35% of 537 eligible DFI case patients, who were notable for a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease, increased levels of C-reactive protein, and higher Wagner scores. Infection in enterococci-positive individuals was mostly polymicrobial (96.8% vs 61.0% in non–enterococci-infected patients; P &lt; .001). Enterococci-infected patients were more likely to undergo amputation (72.3% vs 50.1%; P &lt; .001) and had longer hospital stays (median LOS, 22.5 vs 17 days; P &lt; .001), but the primary end point of major amputation or in-hospital death did not differ between groups (25.5% vs 21.0%; P = .26). Appropriate antienterococcal antibiotics were used in 78.1% of enterococci-infected patients and, compared with results in untreated patients, were associated with a trend toward a lower rate of major amputations (20.4% vs 34.1%; P = .06) but longer hospitalization (median LOS, 24 vs 18 days; P = .07).ConclusionsEnterococci are common in DFIs and associated with higher rates of amputation and longer hospitalization. A reduction in major amputation rates with appropriate enterococci treatment is suggested retrospectively, meriting validation by future prospective studies.
A Phase Ib Dose-Escalation Study of LCL161 Plus Oral Topotecan for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer and Select Gynecologic Malignancies
Authors: Johnson Melissa L , Patel Manish R , Aljumaily Raid , Jones Suzanne F , Burris, III Howard A , Spigel David R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
This was an open-label, multicenter, single-arm phase Ib dose-escalation study of oral LCL161 administered in combination with oral topotecan in patients with relapsed/refractory small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and select gynecological cancers.

Methods
Cohorts of 3-6 patients initiated treatment with LCL161 and topotecan in escalating doses. LCL161 was administered orally on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 21-day cycle; topotecan was administered orally for the first 5 days of each 21-day cycle.

Results
A total of 35 patients were enrolled in 6 cohorts; 30 patients were female; 4 patients had SCLC and 19 patients had ovarian cancer. Median prior lines of therapy were 3 (1-10). Median duration of treatment was 7.1 weeks (0.1-174). The most frequent grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (51.43%) and anemia (31.43%). ORR was 9.7%; 58% of patients had SD. The study was stopped early before the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) were determined.

Conclusion
The addition of LCL161 to oral topotecan caused more myelosuppression when dosed together than what was associated with either drug alone. Moreover, the drug combination did not improve outcomes. The study was terminated early (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02649673).
Shear stress regulation of nanoparticle uptake in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Zhang Hongping , Hu Ziqiu , Wang Jinxuan , Xu Jianxiong , Wang Xiangxiu , Zang Guangchao , Qiu Juhui , Wang Guixue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) hold tremendous targeting potential in cardiovascular disease and regenerative medicine, and exciting clinical applications are coming into light. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) exposure to different magnitudes and patterns of shear stress (SS) generated by blood flow could engulf NPs in the blood. However, an unclear understanding of the role of SS on NP uptake is hindering the progress in improving the targeting of NP therapies. Here, the temporal and spatial distribution of SS in vascular ECs and the effect of different SS on NP uptake in ECs are highlighted. The mechanism of SS affecting NP uptake through regulating the cellular ROS level, endothelial glycocalyx and membrane fluidity is summarized, and the molecules containing clathrin and caveolin in the engulfment process are elucidated. SS targeting NPs are expected to overcome the current bottlenecks and change the field of targeting nanomedicine. This assessment on how SS affects the cell uptake of NPs and the marginalization of NPs in blood vessels could guide future research in cell biology and vascular targeting drugs.
ADD2 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LTD v DSPACE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING & CONTROL ENGINEERING GMBH
Authors:   Patents Court
Published: May 2023

Abstract
H1 Patents — European Patents — Automotive simulation circuitry — Validity — Infringement — Secondary Infringement — Means essential — Construction — Common general knowledge — Mindset — Obviousness — Insufficiency — Amendment — Added matter — Statutory defence to damages and/or profits under s.62(3) of the Patents Act 1977 — Ownership — Assignments without consideration — Whether assignment ultra vires as an unlawful distribution — Effect of later confirmatory assignment — Pre-action conduct
Differential engagement of the posterior cingulate cortex during cognitive restructuring of negative self- and social beliefs
Authors: Agathos James , Steward Trevor , Davey Christopher G , Felmingham Kim L , Ince Sevil , Moffat Bradford A , Glarin Rebecca K , Harrison Ben J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Negative self-beliefs are a core feature of psychopathology, encompassing both negative appraisals about oneself directly (i.e. self-judgment) and negative inferences of how the self is appraised by others (i.e. social judgment). Challenging maladaptive self-beliefs via cognitive restructuring is a core treatment mechanism of gold-standard psychotherapies. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the restructuring of these two kinds of negative self-beliefs are poorly understood. Eighty-six healthy participants cognitively restructured self-judgment and social-judgment negative self-belief statements during 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Cognitive restructuring broadly elicited activation in the core default mode network (DMN), salience and frontoparietal control regions. Restructuring self-judgment relative to social-judgment beliefs was associated with comparatively higher activation in the ventral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/retrosplenial cortex, while challenging social-judgment statements was associated with higher activation in the dorsal PCC/precuneus. While both regions showed increased functional connectivity with the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas during restructuring, the dorsal PCC displayed greater task-dependent connectivity with distributed regions involved in salience, attention and social cognition. Our findings indicate distinct patterns of PCC engagement contingent upon self- and social domains, highlighting a specialized role of the dorsal PCC in supporting neural interactions between the DMN and frontoparietal/salience networks during cognitive restructuring.