bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐C1q antibodies in lupus nephritis children with glomerular microthrombosis
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yang Xiao , Fang Xiang , Xu Chao , Gao Chunlin , Xia Zhengkun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimGlomerular microthrombosis (GMT) was a common vascular lesion in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum anti‐beta2‐glycoprotein I antibodies (a‐β2GP1) and anti‐complement 1q antibodies (a‐C1q) antibodies and to investigate the possible mechanism of GMT in children with LN.MethodsThe subjects were 191 children with LN diagnosed by renal biopsy in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. The patients were divided into GMT group and non‐GMT group. The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, renal pathology, prognosis of the two groups and the relationship between a‐β2GP1 and a‐C1q antibodies were observed.ResultsIn 191 children with LN, 52 cases (27.23%) presented with GMT. The value of C3, haemoglobin (Hb), estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) in GMT group were lower than that of non‐GMT group (p < .05, p < .01). The value of serum creatinine (Scr), 24 h proteinuria (PRO), urine red blood cells (RBC), N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosidase (NAG) and retinol‐binding protein (RBP), a‐C1q, a‐β2GP1, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and renal histopathological activity index (AI) score in GMT group were higher than that of non‐GMT group (p < .05, p < .01). The positive proportions of serum a‐C1q and a‐β2GP1 in GMT group were higher than those in non‐GMT group (p < .05). According to Spearman correlation analysis, a‐C1q was positively correlated with AI score, SLEDAI, a‐β2GP1, GMT, LN‐III and LN‐IV. Hb, eGFR and a‐C1q Ab were associated with the formation of GMT in children with LN. The complete proteinuria remission and renal survival in GMT group were significantly lower than those in non‐GMT group (p < .05, p < .01).ConclusionLN children with GMT had more severe clinical manifestations and renal pathologic damages, and poor outcome. Serum a‐C1q level was positively correlated with a‐β2GP1, and a‐β2GP1 may be involved in the formation of GMT in children with LN, which might involve in the activation of complement classical pathway.
COVID‐19 associated thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Karabag Yilmaz Esra , Cebi Memnune Nur , Karahan Iremnaz , Saygılı Seha , Gulmez Ruveyda , Demirgan Ebru Burcu , Durak Cansu , Aygun Fatih , Ozaltin Fatih , Caliskan Salim , Canpolat Nur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA limited number of cases of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) have previously been reported in association with COVID‐19. Our report describes two cases of TMA associated with COVID‐19, one of which was successfully treated with eculizumab. The first case was a 23‐month‐old girl, and the second case was a 9‐month‐old boy. PCR tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 were positive in both cases, and laboratory results showed microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. No known aetiology for TMA was found in either case. Stool tests for Shigatoxin‐producing Escherichia coli were negative. Coagulation tests, ADAMTS13 activity, serum complement levels, and homocysteine levels were all within the normal range. No known genetic mutation was found, including mutations of complement, diacylglycerol kinase epsilon, and cobalamin C. In the first case, eculizumab was administered due to persistent haemolysis and prolonged anuria. In conclusion, TMA may be associated with COVID‐19 infection. Treatment with eculizumab may be beneficial in selected patients because of the potential activation of the complement system.
Optimizing educational methods for the low FODMAP diet in disorders of gut–brain interaction: A feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dimidi Eirini , McArthur Alastair James , White Rachel , Whelan Kevin , Lomer Miranda C. E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundA diet low in fermentable oligo‐saccharides, di‐saccharides, mono‐saccharides and polyols (low FODMAP diet) is complex and clinical effectiveness is achieved with dietitian‐led education, although dietitian availability in clinical practice varies. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of undertaking a trial to investigate the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of different education delivery methods of the low FODMAP diet in patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI).MethodsIn this feasibility randomized controlled trial, patients with DGBI requiring the low FODMAP diet were randomized to receive one of the following education delivery methods: booklet, app, or dietitian. Recruitment and retention rates, acceptability, symptoms, stool output, quality of life, and dietary intake were assessed.Key ResultsFifty‐one patients were randomized with a recruitment rate of 2.4 patients/month and retention of 48 of 51 (94%). Nobody in the booklet group strongly agreed that this education delivery method enabled them to self‐manage symptoms without further support, compared to 7 of 14 (50%) in the dietitian group (p = 0.013). More patients reported adequate relief of symptoms in the dietitian group (12, 80%) compared with the booklet group (7, 39%; p = 0.026), but not when compared to the app group (10, 63%, p > 0.05). There was a greater decrease in the IBS‐SSS score in the dietitian group (mean −153, SD 90) compared with the booklet group (mean −90, SD 56; p = 0.043), but not when compared with the app group (mean −120, SD 62; p = 0.595).Conclusions & InferencesBooklets were the least acceptable education delivery methods. Dietitian‐led consultations led to high levels of clinical effectiveness, followed by the app, while the dietitian was superior to booklets alone. However, an adequately powered clinical trial is needed to confirm clinical effectiveness of these education delivery methods.
Modal Ontological Arguments
Authors: Stacey Gregory R. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInspired by the third chapter of Anselm's Proslogion, twentieth century philosophers including Charles Hartshorne and Alvin Plantinga developed “modal” ontological arguments for the existence of God. Such arguments use modal logic to infer God's existence from the premises that (i) God's existence is possible and (ii) if God exists, He exists necessarily. Like other ontological arguments, modal arguments have won few converts to theism; many commentators consider them question‐begging or liable to parody. This article details how recent attempts to defend these arguments have tried to overcome these difficulties by drawing on modern accounts of the epistemology and metaphysics of modality.
Biodiversity and Metabolic Properties of Bacterial Communities from the Digestive System of the Bivalve Crenomytilus grayanus
Authors: Dunkai T. I. , Bogatyrenko E. A. , Kim A. V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract—
Biodiversity of the bacterial communities in the digestive system of Crenomytilus grayanus inhabiting the coastal Sea of Japan waters with chronic anthropogenic pollution was investigated using metabarcoding. Apart from marine bacteria, the taxa typical under contamination with oil (Rhodobacteraceae, Corynebacteriaceae), heavy metals (Asinibacterium), and unprocessed municipal waste (Cloacibacterium,Globicatella) were revealed in the microbiota. A collection of 411 cultured heterotrophic bacterial strains isolated in the course of this study was characterized taxonomically. The intestinal microbiome of the studied mollusks was shown to have a unique composition, depending on their habitat. Ability of bacterial strains isolated from the C. grayanus digestive system to degrade various nutrient substrates (sugars, amino acids, and polysaccharides) and xenobiotics (oil hydrocarbons, bisphenol A, and atrazine) was studied. Most isolates degraded a broad range of organic substrates; 13% (54 strains) oxidized oil hydrocarbons; 1% (4 strains) oxidized bisphenol A; and 0.5% (2 strains) degraded atrazine. The possible role of the microbiome C. grayanus microbiome in symbiotic digestion and in detoxication of the mollusk is discussed.
Deep learning assisted jet tomography for the study of Mach cones in QGP
Authors: Yang Zhong , He Yayun , Chen Wei , Ke Wei-Yao , Pang Long-Gang , Wang Xin-Nian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMach cones are expected to form in the expanding quark-gluon plasma (QGP) when energetic quarks and gluons traverse the hot medium at a velocity faster than the speed of sound in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The shape of the Mach cone and the associated diffusion wake are sensitive to the initial jet production location and the propagation direction of the parton shower relative to the radial flow because of the distortion caused by the collective expansion of the QGP and the large density gradient. The shape of jet-induced Mach cones and their distortions in heavy-ion collisions provide a unique and direct probe of the dynamical evolution and the equation of state of QGP. However, it is difficult to identify the Mach cone and the diffusion wake in current experimental measurements of final hadron distributions because they are averaged over all possible initial jet production locations and parton-shower propagation directions. To overcome this difficulty, we develop a deep learning assisted jet tomography which uses the full information of the final hadrons from jets to localize the initial jet production positions. This method can help to constrain the initial regions of jet production in heavy-ion collisions and enable a differential study of Mach-cones with different path lengths and orientations relative to the radial flow of the QGP in heavy-ion collisions.
CMB polarization by the asymmetric template of scalar perturbations
Authors: Khodagholizadeh Jafar , Mohammadi Rohoollah , Movahed S. M. S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInspired by a dipole asymmetric template for the CMB temperature map in the primordial scalar fluctuations observed by Planck at a large scale, we examine the contribution of a similar template for power asymmetry in modifying the linear polarization pattern of CMB. Replacing un-modulated temperature fluctuation with dipolar modulated one in time evolution equations somehow breaks linear perturbation in the various components of the CMB map. This non-linearity allows deflecting CMB polarization in patterns that contain divergence-free components. The explicit expressions for the angular power spectra of the electric and magnetic-type parities of linear polarization are derived in the form of the line of sight integral solutions. Our results demonstrate that the electric-type polarization is modified and the magnetic-type polarization would be produced. Such imprints depend on the linear and square of the asymmetric amplitude for E- and B-modes power spectra, respectively. For the observed dipole template, the value of B polarization spectrum at the large scale ($$\ell \lesssim 10$$

ℓ
≲
10

) is almost equivalent to the power spectrum obtained from Compton scattering in the presence of tensor perturbation with tensor to scalar ratio about $$r\simeq 0.005$$

r
≃
0.005

.
On particle dynamics near the singularity inside the Schwarzschild black hole and T-spheres
Authors: Radosz A. , Toporensky A. V. , Zaslavskii O. B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe problem of the speed of the objects inside the Schwarzschild black hole is considered. The general result is that the value of the relative speed of the objects following their non-zero angular momentum trajectories, both of geodesic and non-geodesic character, when approaching the ultimate singularity, tends to the value of speed of light. There is only one exception when both objects move in the same plane and have parallel angular momenta. This outcome appears to have a deeper sense: it reflects the anisotropic character of the dynamics of interior of this particular black hole. The result in question means that near the singularity, collisions of two particles lead to an indefinitely large energy in the center of mass frame. Aforementioned properties have their counterpart in the phenomenon of an indefinitely large blueshift near the singularity. Thus the angular momentum of a particle turns out to be an important feature that affects the final behavior of particle near the singularity. Motivated by this fact, we generalize the Lemaître frame under the horizon in such a way that reference particles themselves have nonzero angular momentum. Our results apply not only to the Schwarzschild singularity but also to other space-like ones for which the scale factor $$g\rightarrow \infty $$

g
→
∞

. We also analyze another type of singulairites for which the circumference radius vanishes but g remains finite.
Basic life support awareness among medical undergraduate students in Syria, Iraq, and Jordan: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Alkarrash Mohamad Shadi , Shashaa Mohammad Nour , Kitaz Mohammad Nour , Rhayim Roaa , Ismail Mohammed , Swed Sarya , Hafez Wael , Kaadan M. Ihsan , Koumakli Hamzeh , Alhisah Nour , Al-Haider Ahmed , Al-salloum Samer , Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Basic life support (BLS) training rates vary widely worldwide, and there is a general scarcity of surveys that assess students’ knowledge and awareness of BLS in middle eastern nations. This study aims to evaluate medical students’ knowledge and awareness towards basic life support.

Methods
A cross-sectional study, using an online web-based questionnaire, assessing BLS awareness and knowledge, was conducted from 3 to 30 November 2021. The study included 2114 medical students from Syria, Iraq, and Jordan. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic baseline characteristics, knowledge about BLS, and ability to apply basic life support. A binominal logistic regression was done between the total score and other demographic characteristics to determine if we could predict the research sample's appropriate knowledge of BLS level.

Results
There was a moderate knowledge of BLS and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills among participating students with an average score of 19.67 (0–34). Seventy-eight of the participants (1656) stated that they have not attended a basic life support course. There was a significant difference between the participants from different countries, where the mean score in Syria, Jordan, and Iraq was 18.3, 24.3, and 18.8, respectively (p < 0.05). Considering the level of knowledge, 18.3%, 72.8%, and 8.9% of the participants had a high, intermediate, and low level, respectively. Furthermore, students who took a BLS course had a higher level of knowledge than those who did not, with an odds ratio of 5.168 (p value < 0.0001).

Conclusion
The overall knowledge of medical students’ basic life support knowledge is insufficient and need to be greatly improved. According to this study, previous participation in basic life support training had a positive effect on knowledge level. As a result, universities must establish basic life support programs as quickly as possible.
eDNA of zooplankton reveals the ecological community thresholds for key environmental factors in the Baiyangdian Lake aquatic ecosystem
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Wang Shuping , Yan Zhenguang , Zhao Xin , Feng Meiping , Wang Jing , Zhou Quan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The drastic change in an ecosystem as a threshold phenomenon caused by abrupt changes in environmental conditions is a focus of current ecological research. However, the study of ecological thresholds has generally been limited to estimating the threshold values of single factors. Using eDNA metabarcoding technology, we collected zooplankton data from Baiyangdian Lake, the largest freshwater lake in the North China Plain, to explore the zooplankton community distribution characteristics and the relevant environmental factors. We used Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) to determine the thresholds of key environmental factors and to identify the factors influencing biological diversity.

Results
By comparing previous studies, we found that the zooplankton community composition based on eDNA metabarcoding was similar to that based on morphological methods, and that the data could be used to estimate ecological thresholds and assess risk conditions. Temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), and turbidity were the major environmental factors affecting the zooplankton community structure. The composition and structure of zooplankton communities in rivers and lakes were significantly different due to the influence of specific environmental factors. The results of TITAN analysis showed that there were different indicator species for T and EC in rivers and lakes. The protection thresholds of zooplankton in rivers were T = 19.0 °C and EC = 795 μS/cm, whereas the protection thresholds of zooplankton in lakes were T = 14.3 °C and EC = 1920 μS/cm. The overall values for the Baiyangdian watershed were T = 15.5 °C and EC = 1073 μS/cm. Compared with the field monitoring results, approximately 50% of the water quality index values at the sampling points in the Baiyangdian watershed exceeded the negative response threshold, indicating that Baiyangdian Lake was disturbed.

Conclusions
The validity of eDNA technology in biodiversity analysis was confirmed by the zooplankton community data from Baiyangdian Lake. The ecological thresholds derived by combining eDNA technology with Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) are beneficial to the biological conservation of the region.
Selection of optimal quantile protein biomarkers based on cell-level immunohistochemistry data
Authors: Yi Misung , Zhan Tingting , Peck Amy R. , Hooke Jeffrey A. , Kovatich Albert J. , Shriver Craig D. , Hu Hai , Sun Yunguang , Rui Hallgeir , Chervoneva Inna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Protein biomarkers of cancer progression and response to therapy are increasingly important for improving personalized medicine. Advanced quantitative pathology platforms enable measurement of protein expression in tissues at the single-cell level. However, this rich quantitative cell-by-cell biomarker information is most often not exploited. Instead, it is reduced to a single mean across the cells of interest or converted into a simple proportion of binary biomarker-positive or -negative cells.

Results
We investigated the utility of retaining all quantitative information at the single-cell level by considering the values of the quantile function (inverse of the cumulative distribution function) estimated from a sample of cell signal intensity levels in a tumor tissue. An algorithm was developed for selecting optimal cutoffs for dichotomizing cell signal intensity distribution quantiles as predictors of continuous, categorical or survival outcomes. The proposed algorithm was used to select optimal quantile biomarkers of breast cancer progression based on cancer cells’ cell signal intensity levels of nuclear protein Ki-67, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2, and Progesterone receptor. The performance of the resulting optimal quantile biomarkers was validated and compared to the standard cancer compartment mean signal intensity markers using an independent external validation cohort. For Ki-67, the optimal quantile biomarker was also compared to established biomarkers based on percentages of Ki67-positive cells. For proteins significantly associated with PFS in the external validation cohort, the optimal quantile biomarkers yielded either larger or similar effect size (hazard ratio for progression-free survival) as compared to cancer compartment mean signal intensity biomarkers.

Conclusion
The optimal quantile protein biomarkers yield generally improved prognostic value as compared to the standard protein expression markers. The proposed methodology has a broad application to single-cell data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or metabolomics studies at the single cell level.
Recruitment into antibody prevalence studies: a randomized trial of postcards vs. letters as invitations
Authors: Ley Catherine , Duan Heying , Parsonnet Julie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In a potential epidemic of an emerging infection, representative population-based serologic studies are required to determine the extent of immunity to the infectious agent, either from natural infection or vaccination. Recruitment strategies need to optimize response rates.

Methods
Within a seroepidemiologic study to determine the true burden of SARS-CoV2 infection in two Bay Area counties, we evaluated whether letter (L) or postcard (P) invitations with reminders were more effective at recruiting participant households. Using geographic, probability-based sampling, 9,999 representative addresses, split between Santa Clara and Solano counties, were randomized to receive an initial invitation (L or P); a randomized reminder mailing sent two weeks later to all non-respondents created four mailing type groups (L/L, L/P, P/L, P/P). Interested households provided contact information via survey to perform blood spot collection at home for testing and then receive SARS-CoV2 serology results. Comparison of demographics among respondents and non-respondents used census tract data.

Results
Receiving any reminder mailing increased household response rates from 4.2% to between 8–13% depending on mailing combination. Response rates from two letters were 71% higher than from two postcards (13.2% vs. 7.7%, OR = 1.83 [95% CI: 1.5–2.2]). Respondents were older, more educated and more likely white than non-respondents. Compared to Solano county, Santa Clara county had different demographics and increased household response rates (L/L: 15.7% vs 10.7%; P/P: 9.2% vs. 6.1%; p < 0.0001); the effect of mailing types, however, was the same (L/L vs. P/P: Santa Clara: OR = 1.83 [95% CI: 1.4–2.3]; Solano: OR = 1.84 [95% CI:1.4–2.5]).

Conclusion
Letters, as both invitations and reminders, are a more effective recruitment tool than postcards and should be considered when seeking a representative population-based sample for serological testing.
The experience of living with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a qualitative evidence synthesis using meta-ethnography
Authors: Hannink Erin , Toye Francine , Newman Meredith , Barker Karen L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common spinal deformity with physical and psychosocial implications for adolescents. The aim of this qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) was to systematically search for, identify, and synthesise qualitative research in order to improve our understanding of what it is like to live with AIS and to facilitate empathetic and effective healthcare.

Methods
We systematically searched 4 databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL) and used the 7 phases of meta-ethnography to synthesise qualitative evidence including studies with children and adolescents, and additional viewpoints from parents about the experience of AIS.

Results
We distilled 7 themes. (1) Diagnosis turned time on its head revolves around the AIS diagnosis and the uncertainty of the future that accompanied it. (2) Usual activities no longer the same explores how activities and participation in everyday life are impacted by AIS. (3) Hiding my body describes the pervasive struggle with self-image and appearance. (4) I want to feel normal again explores adolescents’ desire to return to ‘normality’ and challenges of feeling different. (5) Balancing isolation and support considers the relationships in the adolescents’ lives alongside their feelings of isolation. (6) Trying to keep control of treatment decisions explores how adolescents and their parents strive to feel in control. (7) Fearing surgery yet feeling hopeful focused on the apprehension and fear around spinal surgery and the beacon of hope it represented.

Conclusions
Our QES contributes to the understanding of the adolescent experience of living with AIS. From our findings, clinicians can better understand the physical and psychosocial obstacles and the challenges faced throughout the journey of AIS to inform their clinical interactions with these patients.