bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability Evaluation Methods of Accelerated Degradation Test for Fiber-Optic Gyroscope Under Temperature Environment
Authors: Li Renqing , Li Jin , Song Yan , Wang Kun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) is a kind of rotation sensor with high reliability and long lifetime. Accelerated life test is hard to obtain enough failure data for reliability evaluation. By analyzing failure mechanism, the sensitive environment stress and performance degradation parameters of FOG are determined. Then an accelerated degradation test (ADT) is undertaken to obtain reliability information. Wiener process is introduced to describe performance degradation path and the Arrhenius model is selected as accelerated model. Considering epistemic uncertainty in monitoring, an interval linear regression model for ADT is introduced. Then the reliability of FOG at operating environment stress is evaluated. By discussing the reliability assessment results, the methods in this paper are feasible for FOG.
Rheological Properties of Composite Modified Asphalt with Direct Coal Liquefaction Residues
Authors: Li Yongxiang , Kang Xiatong , Gao Qi , Jia Yongjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of high-value utilization of coal-to-oil residual direct coal liquefaction residual asphalt, it is compounded with SBS and aromatic oil to modify the matrix asphalt, and 9 compounding schemes are designed using orthogonal experimental methods. Dynamic frequency sweep tests using DSR and a simplified Carreau equation model fitted to the complex viscosity to obtain its zero shear viscosity; the creep recovery rate, irrecoverable creep flexibility and irrecoverable creep flexibility difference of each modified asphalt were determined by MSCR at different temperatures and stress levels, and the high temperature rheological properties of 9 composite modified asphalts were evaluated by grey correlation analysis of zero shear viscosity and high temperature rheological parameters. Bending beam rheological experiments were carried out on the aged composite modified asphalt to analyse its low temperature rheological properties based on the viscoelastic parameters and linear fitting of the Burgers model. The results show that: The high temperature deformation resistance of DCLR composite modified asphalt are better than the matrix asphalt, the most influential modifier is SBS, and the higher the dose, the stronger the high temperature deformation resistance. The unrecoverable creep flexibility Jnr3.2 at 70 °C can better respond to the high temperature performance of asphalt, the ratio of 9% DCLR + 4% SBS + 2% aromatic oil DCLR composite modified asphalt with the best high temperature performance. Burgers model can better reflect the creep process of asphalt, DCLR composite modified asphalt has some defects in low temperature performance, the higher the dose of DCLR, the poorer the low temperature performance of the composite modified asphalt. The low temperature sensitivity of DCLR composite modified asphalt has been reduced, low temperature crack resistance has been slightly enhanced.
Analysis of Influence Range of Sudden Change of Rock Mass Grade on Surrounding Rock Stability in Shallow Tunnel Construction
Authors: Wang Fubin , Yu Kui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the construction process of the diversion tunnel of Er-Jia-Gou Reservoir in Harbin is numerically simulated. Based on Biot consolidation theory and porous elastic medium theory, considering the influence of groundwater seepage during the construction process, a three-dimensional fluid solid coupling model of the tunnel is established to simulate the seepage field, stress field and displacement field changes during the construction process. According to the calculation results, the distribution of pore water pressure and stress around the tunnel during the construction process is analyzed, and the variation rules of pore water pressure, stress and the displacement of the vault and arch bottom of the tunnel are obtained when the shallow tunnel construction passes through the sudden change area of rock mass. Finally, the influence range of the sudden change area of rock mass grade in the tunnel construction process is determined: pore water pressure, stress and vertical displacement will be affected at 20 m from the sudden change area. The results of the paper can provide reference for the safe construction of shallow tunnels.
Service Performance Evaluation of Rubber Floating Slab Track for Metro in Operation
Authors: Li Qiuyi , Luo Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGuangzhou metro line 1 is one of the first to adopt floating slab track in the Chinese mainland, it has been in operation for more than 20 years up to now. In order to obtain the vibration reduction performance of the floating slab track after long service, systematic field test and laboratory test are carried out. The results show that: (1) The rubber bearing of floating slab track keeps good appearance. (2) The measurement results of shore hardness and elongation at break show that, the rubber bearing has a certain degree of hardening after long service. Other mechanical properties of the rubber bearing still meet the design requirements. (3) The first natural frequency of the floating slab track is 33.9 Hz, its vibration reduction effect keeps good, the test result is 12.9 dB. The effective damping frequency band of the floating slab track is above 35 Hz. (4) The vertical dynamic displacement amplitude of rail and track bed is lower than the limit value given in relevant specifications. (5) The test results show that after 20 years of service, the floating slab track is in good condition, it’s still qualified to maintain normal service.
Continuous generalized symmetries in three dimensions
Authors: Damia Jeremias Aguilera , Argurio Riccardo , Tizzano Luigi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a class of three-dimensional quantum field theories whose ordinary global symmetries mix with higher-form symmetries to form a continuous 2-group. All these models can be obtained by performing a gauging procedure in a parent theory revealing a ’t Hooft anomaly in the space of coupling constants when suitable compact scalar background fields are activated. Furthermore, the gauging procedure also implies that our main example has infinitely many non-invertible global symmetries. These can be obtained by dressing the continuous symmetry operators with topological quantum field theories. Finally, we comment on the holographic realization of both 2-group global symmetries and non-invertible symmetries discussed here by introducing a corresponding four-dimensional bulk description in terms of dynamical gauge fields.
Distinct signatures of spinning PBH domination and evaporation: doubly peaked gravitational waves, dark relics and CMB complementarity
Authors: Bhaumik Nilanjandev , Ghoshal Anish , Jain Rajeev Kumar , Lewicki Marek 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ultra-low mass primordial black holes (PBH), which may briefly dominate the energy density of the universe but completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), can lead to interesting observable signatures. In our previous work, we studied the generation of a doubly peaked spectrum of induced stochastic gravitational wave background (ISGWB) for such a scenario and explored the possibility of probing a class of baryogenesis models wherein the emission of massive unstable particles from the PBH evaporation and their subsequent decay contributes to the matter-antimatter asymmetry. In this work, we extend the scope of our earlier work by including spinning PBHs and consider the emission of light relativistic dark sector particles, which contribute to the dark radiation (DR) and massive stable dark sector particles, thereby accounting for the dark matter (DM) component of the universe. The ISGWB can probe the non-thermal production of these heavy DM particles, which cannot be accessible in laboratory searches. For the case of DR, we find a novel complementarity between the measurements of ∆Neff from these emitted particles and the ISGWB from PBH domination. Our results indicate that the ISGWB has a weak dependence on the initial PBH spin. However, for gravitons as the DR particles, the initial PBH spin plays a significant role, and only above a critical value of the initial spin parameter a*, which depends only on initial PBH mass, the graviton emission can be probed in the CMB-HD experiment. Upcoming CMB experiments such as CMB-HD and CMB-Bharat, together with future GW detectors like LISA and ET, open up an exciting possibility of constraining the PBHs parameter space providing deeper insights into the expansion history of the universe between the end of inflation and BBN.
Biased activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase HER2
Authors: Catapano Claudia , Rahm Johanna V. , Omer Marjan , Teodori Laura , Kjems Jørgen , Dietz Marina S. , Heilemann Mike 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHER2 belongs to the ErbB sub-family of receptor tyrosine kinases and regulates cellular proliferation and growth. Different from other ErbB receptors, HER2 has no known ligand. Activation occurs through heterodimerization with other ErbB receptors and their cognate ligands. This suggests several possible activation paths of HER2 with ligand-specific, differential response, which has so far remained unexplored. Using single-molecule tracking and the diffusion profile of HER2 as a proxy for activity, we measured the activation strength and temporal profile in live cells. We found that HER2 is strongly activated by EGFR-targeting ligands EGF and TGFα, yet with a distinguishable temporal fingerprint. The HER4-targeting ligands EREG and NRGβ1 showed weaker activation of HER2, a preference for EREG, and a delayed response to NRGβ1. Our results indicate a selective ligand response of HER2 that may serve as a regulatory element. Our experimental approach is easily transferable to other membrane receptors targeted by multiple ligands.
Graphical abstract
Berezin Quantization, Conformal Welding and the Bott–Virasoro Group
Authors: Alekseev A. , Shatashvili S. , Takhtajan L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFollowing Nag–Sullivan, we study the representation of the group $$\textrm{Diff}^+(S^1)$$

Diff
+

(

S
1

)

of diffeomorphisms of the circle on the Hilbert space of holomorphic functions. Conformal welding provides triangular decompositions for the corresponding symplectic transformations. We apply Berezin formalism and lift this decomposition to operators acting on the Fock space. This lift provides quantization of conformal welding, gives a new representative of the Bott–Virasoso cocycle class, and leads to a surprising identity for the Takhtajan–Teo energy functional on $$\textrm{Diff}^+(S^1)$$

Diff
+

(

S
1

)

.
Pigmentary colouration of hairy carpenter bees, genus Xylocopa
Authors: Stavenga Doekele G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCarpenter bees can display distinct colouration patterns due to structural coloured wings and/or coloured hairs on their bodies. Females of the sexually dichromatic Xylocopa caerulea are marked by strongly blue-pigmented hairs on the head, thorax and abdomen. The thorax of female X. confusa is covered by yellow-pigmented hairs. The diffuse pigmentary colouration of the blue and yellow hairs is effectively enhanced by strongly scattering granules. The absorption spectrum of the blue pigment of X. caerulea has a maximum at 605 nm and is probably a bilin (a bile pigment). The absorption spectrum of the yellow pigment of X. confusa has a maximum at 445 nm and may be a pterin. The thoracic hairs of female X. confusa contain also a minor amount of the bilin. The reflectance spectra of the pigmented hairs suggest that the pigments are tuned to the spectral sensitivity of the bees’ photoreceptors and provide spectral contrast with a green background.
Gut hormone-based pharmacology: novel formulations and future possibilities for metabolic disease therapy
Authors: Tschöp Matthias , Nogueiras Ruben , Ahrén Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are established pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. They mimic the action of GLP-1 to reduce glucose levels through stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion. They also reduce body weight by inducing satiety through central actions. The GLP-1 receptor agonists used clinically are based on exendin-4 and native GLP-1 and are available as formulations for daily or weekly s.c. or oral administration. GLP-1 receptor agonism is also achieved by inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which prevent the inactivation of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), thereby prolonging their raised levels after meal ingestion. Other developments in GLP-1 receptor agonism include the formation of small orally available agonists and compounds with the potential to pharmaceutically stimulate GLP-1 secretion from the gut. In addition, GLP-1/glucagon and GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonists and GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triple receptor agonists have shown the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and body weight through their effects on islets and peripheral tissues, improving beta cell function and stimulating energy expenditure. This review summarises developments in gut hormone-based therapies and presents the future outlook for their use in type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Graphical Abstract
The general framework for few-shot learning by kernel HyperNetworks
Authors: Sendera Marcin , Przewiȩźlikowski Marcin , Miksa Jan , Rajski Mateusz , Karanowski Konrad , Ziȩba Maciej , Tabor Jacek , Spurek Przemysław 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFew-shot models aim at making predictions using a minimal number of labeled examples from a given task. The main challenge in this area is the one-shot setting, where only one element represents each class. We propose the general framework for few-shot learning via kernel HyperNetworks—the fusion of kernels and hypernetwork paradigm. Firstly, we introduce the classical realization of this framework, dubbed HyperShot. Compared to reference approaches that apply a gradient-based adjustment of the parameters, our models aim to switch the classification module parameters depending on the task’s embedding. In practice, we utilize a hypernetwork, which takes the aggregated information from support data and returns the classifier’s parameters handcrafted for the considered problem. Moreover, we introduce the kernel-based representation of the support examples delivered to hypernetwork to create the parameters of the classification module. Consequently, we rely on relations between the support examples’ embeddings instead of the backbone models’ direct feature values. Thanks to this approach, our model can adapt to highly different tasks. While such a method obtains very good results, it is limited by typical problems such as poorly quantified uncertainty due to limited data size. We further show that incorporating Bayesian neural networks into our general framework, an approach we call BayesHyperShot, solves this issue.
Beyond ideals: why the (medical) AI industry needs to motivate behavioural change in line with fairness and transparency values, and how it can do it
Authors: Liefgreen Alice , Weinstein Netta , Wachter Sandra , Mittelstadt Brent 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly relied upon by clinicians for making diagnostic and treatment decisions, playing an important role in imaging, diagnosis, risk analysis, lifestyle monitoring, and health information management. While research has identified biases in healthcare AI systems and proposed technical solutions to address these, we argue that effective solutions require human engagement. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on how to motivate the adoption of these solutions and promote investment in designing AI systems that align with values such as transparency and fairness from the outset. Drawing on insights from psychological theories, we assert the need to understand the values that underlie decisions made by individuals involved in creating and deploying AI systems. We describe how this understanding can be leveraged to increase engagement with de-biasing and fairness-enhancing practices within the AI healthcare industry, ultimately leading to sustained behavioral change via autonomy-supportive communication strategies rooted in motivational and social psychology theories. In developing these pathways to engagement, we consider the norms and needs that govern the AI healthcare domain, and we evaluate incentives for maintaining the status quo against economic, legal, and social incentives for behavior change in line with transparency and fairness values.
An AEC framework for fields with commuting automorphisms
Authors: Hyttinen Tapani , Kangas Kaisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce an AEC framework for studying fields with commuting automorphisms. Fields with commuting automorphisms are closely related to difference fields. Some authors define a difference ring (or field) as a ring (or field) together with several commuting endomorphisms, while others only study one endomorphism. Z. Chatzidakis and E. Hrushovski have studied in depth the model theory of ACFA, the model companion of difference fields with one automorphism. Our fields with commuting automorphisms generalize this setting. We have several automorphisms and they are required to commute. Hrushovski has proved that in the case of fields with two or more commuting automorphisms, the existentially closed models do not necessarily form a first order model class. In the present paper, we introduce FCA-classes, an AEC framework for studying the existentially closed models of the theory of fields with commuting automorphisms. We prove that an FCA-class has AP and JEP and thus a monster model, that Galois types coincide with existential types in existentially closed models, that the class is homogeneous, and that there is a version of type amalgamation theorem that allows to combine three types under certain conditions. Finally, we use these results to show that our monster model is a simple homogeneous structure in the sense of S. Buechler and O. Lessman (this is a non-elementary analogue for the classification theoretic notion of a simple first order theory).
Application of machine learning for fleet-based condition monitoring of ball screw drives in machine tools
Authors: Denkena Berend , Dittrich Marc-André , Noske Hendrik , Lange Dirk , Benjamins Carolin , Lindauer Marius 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBall screws are frequently used as drive elements in the feed axes of machine tools. The failure of ball screw drives is associated with high downtimes and costs for manufacturing companies, which harm competitiveness. Data-based monitoring approaches derive the ball screw condition based on sensor data in cases where no knowledge is available to derive a physical model-based approach. An essential criterion for selecting the condition assessment method is the availability of fault data. In the literature, fault patterns are often artificially created in an experimental test bench scenario. This paper presents ball screw drive monitoring approaches for machine tool fleets based on machine learning. First, the potentials of automated machine learning for supervised anomaly detection are investigated. It is shown that the AutoML tool Auto-Sklearn achieves a higher monitoring quality compared to literature approaches. However, fault data are often not available. Therefore, unified outlier scores are applied in a semi-supervised anomaly detection mode. The unified outlier score approach outperforms threshold-based approaches commonly used in industry. The considered data set originates from a machine tool fleet used in series production in the automotive industry collected over 8 months. Within the observation period, multiple ball screw failures are observed so that sensor data about the transient phases between normal and fault conditions is available.
Comparison of gas chromatographic techniques for the analysis of iodinated derivatives of aromatic amines
Authors: Lorenzo-Parodi Nerea , Leitner Erich , Schmidt Torsten C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSome aromatic amines (AA) have been classified as carcinogens to humans. After entering the body, mainly through tobacco smoke, they can be detected in urine. Thus, their trace analysis as biomarkers in biofluids is of high relevance and can be achieved with gas chromatography (GC–MS), usually after derivatization. This study compares three gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of ten iodinated derivatives of AA: GC–MS in single-ion monitoring (SIM) mode with (1) electron ionization (GC-EI-MS) and (2) negative chemical ionization (GC-NCI-MS), and (3) GC-EI-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using electron ionization. All methods and most analytes showed good coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.99) for broad linear ranges covering three to five orders of magnitude in the picogram-per-liter to nanogram-per-liter range, with one and two exceptions for (1) and (2) respectively. Excellent limits of detection (LODs) of 9–50, 3.0–7.3, and 0.9–3.9 pg/L were observed for (1), (2), and (3) respectively, and good precision was achieved (intra-day repeatability < 15% and inter-day repeatability < 20% for most techniques and concentration levels). On average, recoveries between 80 and 104% were observed for all techniques. Urine samples of smokers and non-smokers were successfully analyzed, and p-toluidine and 2-chloroaniline could be found at significantly (α = 0.05) higher concentrations among smokers.
Graphical Abstract
Product-Type Classes for Vertex Algebra Cohomology of Foliations on Complex Curves
Authors: Zuevsky A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe introduce the vertex algebra cohomology of foliations on complex curves. Generalizing the classical case, the orthogonality condition with respect to a product of elements of the double complexes associated to a grading-restricted vertex algebra matrix elements leads to the construction of cohomology invariants of codimension one foliations.