bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling within‐person idiographic variance could help explain and individualize learning
Authors: Saqr Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLearning analytics is a fast‐growing discipline. Institutions and countries alike are racing to harness the power of using data to support students, teachers and stakeholders. Research in the field has proven that predicting and supporting underachieving students is worthwhile. Nonetheless, challenges remain unresolved, for example, lack of generalizability, portability and failure to advance our understanding of students' behaviour. Recently, interest has grown in modelling individual or within‐person behaviour, that is, understanding the person‐specific changes. This study applies a novel method that combines within‐person with between‐person variance to better understand how changes unfolding at the individual level can explain students' final grades. By modelling the within‐person variance, we directly model where the process takes place, that is the student. Our study finds that combining within‐ and between‐person variance offers a better explanatory power and a better guidance of the variables that could be targeted for intervention at the personal and group levels. Furthermore, using within‐person variance opens the door for person‐specific idiographic models that work on individual student data and offer students support based on their own insights.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic
Predicting students' performance has commonly been implemented using cross‐sectional data at the group level.
Predictive models help predict and explain student performance in individual courses but are hard to generalize.
Heterogeneity has been a major factor in hindering cross‐course or context generalization.

What this paper adds
Intra‐individual (within‐person) variations can be modelled using repeated measures data.
Hybrid between–within‐person models offer more explanatory and predictive power of students' performance.
Intra‐individual variations do not mirror interindividual variations, and thus, generalization is not warranted.
Regularity is a robust predictor of student performance at both the individual and the group levels.

Implications for practice
The study offers a method for teachers to better understand and predict students' performance.
The study offers a method of identifying what works on a group or personal level.
Intervention at the personal level can be more effective when using within‐person predictors and at the group level when using between‐person predictors.
Effects of online peer assessment on higher‐order thinking: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhan Ying , Yan Zi , Wan Zhi Hong , Wang Xiang , Zeng Ye , Yang Min , Yang Lan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOnline peer assessment (OPA) has been increasingly adopted to develop students' higher‐order thinking (HOT). However, there has not been a synthesis of research findings on its effects. To fill this gap, 17 papers (published from 2000 to 2022) that reported either a comparison between a group using OPA (n = 7; k = 22) and a control group or a pre–post comparison (n = 10; k = 17) were reviewed in this meta‐analysis. The overall effect of OPA on HOT was significant (g = 0.76). Furthermore, OPA exerted more significant effects on convergent HOT (eg, critical thinking, reasoning and reflective thinking; g = 0.97) than on divergent HOT (eg, creativity and problem‐solving; g = 0.38). Reciprocal roles and anonymity were found to positively moderate the impacts of OPA on HOT, although their moderating effects were not statistically significant because of small sample size of studies in the analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis reinforce the arguments for regarding OPA as a powerful learning tool to facilitate students' HOT development and reveal important factors that should be considered when adopting OPA to enhance students' HOT.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic
Online peer assessment (OPA) has significant positive impacts on learning achievement.
OPA has been regarded as a potential approach to cultivating students' higher‐order thinking (HOT) but has not been proved by meta‐analysis.
OPA should be carefully designed to maximise its effectiveness on learning.

What this paper adds
OPA has been proved to significantly positively influence students' HOT via meta‐analysis.
OPA exerted more significant effects on convergent HOT than on divergent HOT.
The potential of reciprocal roles and anonymity for moderating the impacts of OPA on HOT should not be underestimated.

Implications for practice and/or policy
OPA could be a wise choice for practitioners when they help students to achieve a balanced development of HOT dispositions and skills.
Students' divergent HOT can be encouraged in their uptake of peer feedback and by allowing them autonomy in deciding assessment criteria.
OPA with design elements of reciprocal roles and anonymity has great potential to promote students' HOT.
State of the Art of Molecular Visualization in Immersive Virtual Environments
Authors: Kuťák David , Vázquez Pere‐Pau , Isenberg Tobias , Krone Michael , Baaden Marc , Byška Jan , Kozlíková Barbora , Miao Haichao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVisualization plays a crucial role in molecular and structural biology. It has been successfully applied to a variety of tasks, including structural analysis and interactive drug design. While some of the challenges in this area can be overcome with more advanced visualization and interaction techniques, others are challenging primarily due to the limitations of the hardware devices used to interact with the visualized content. Consequently, visualization researchers are increasingly trying to take advantage of new technologies to facilitate the work of domain scientists. Some typical problems associated with classic 2D interfaces, such as regular desktop computers, are a lack of natural spatial understanding and interaction, and a limited field of view. These problems could be solved by immersive virtual environments and corresponding hardware, such as virtual reality head‐mounted displays. Thus, researchers are investigating the potential of immersive virtual environments in the field of molecular visualization. There is already a body of work ranging from educational approaches to protein visualization to applications for collaborative drug design. This review focuses on molecular visualization in immersive virtual environments as a whole, aiming to cover this area comprehensively. We divide the existing papers into different groups based on their application areas, and types of tasks performed. Furthermore, we also include a list of available software tools. We conclude the report with a discussion of potential future research on molecular visualization in immersive environments.
Focal adhesion formation of primary human gingival fibroblast on hydrothermally and in‐sol‐made TiO2‐coated titanium
Authors: Riivari Sini , Närvä Elisa , Kangasniemi Ilkka , Willberg Jaana , Närhi Timo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptimal cell adhesion of the gingival fibroblasts to dental implants is important for maintaining good implant integration. The aim of this study was to discover, if the nanoporous TiO2‐coating on titanium alloy substrates is able to increase the cell adhesion of the human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The study consisted of three differently produced titanium groups: hydrothermally produced TiO2‐coating (HT), novel TiO2‐coating made in sol (SOL), and noncoated control group. Primary HGF cells were initiated from gingival biopsies from patients having a third molar extraction. HGF were cultivated on titanium discs for 2 and 24 h to determine the initial attachment with confocal microscope. The cell spreading and adhesion protein signals were measured. In addition, expression of adhesion proteins vinculin, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were measured after 3 days of cultivation by using Western Blotting. Higher protein levels of paxillin, vinculin, and FAK were induced on both coated discs compared to noncoated discs. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) concerning expression of paxillin. The cell spreading was significantly larger on SOL discs after 2 and 24 h when comparing to noncoated controls. The confocal microscope analyses revealed significantly higher adhesion protein signals on both HT‐ and SOL‐coated titanium compared to control group. This study showed, that both methods to produce TiO2‐coatings are able to increase HGF adhesion protein expression and cell spreading on titanium surface. Accordingly, the coatings can potentially improve the gingival attachment to titanium implant surfaces.
Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of zoliflodacin granules for oral suspension: Phase I open‐label randomized cross‐over study in healthy subjects
Authors: Luckey Alison , Alirol Emilie , Delhomme Sophie , O'Donnell John , Bettiol Esther , Mueller John , O'Brien Seamus , Gillon Jean‐Yves 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection for which antibiotic treatment options have declined due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Zoliflodacin, an investigational oral spiropyrimidinetrione antibiotic with activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains that are multidrug‐resistant, including to third‐generation cephalosporins, is in phase III development for uncomplicated gonorrhea. This phase I, parallel, open‐label, randomized, crossover study in healthy adults evaluated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of single 3 or 4 g doses of zoliflodacin administered as granules for oral suspension in the fasted state or after consumption of a standardized high‐fat meal. Forty‐seven out of 48 randomized subjects completed the study. Oral administration of zoliflodacin with food delayed the absorption rate, compared with fasted state, with time to maximum concentration (Tmax) increasing from 3 to 6 h for the 3 g dose, and 2.5 to 4 h for the 4 g dose, but had no impact on the elimination of zoliflodacin. The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to 24 h (AUC(0–24)) significantly increased with food by 52% and 94% for the 3 g dose, and by 89% and 108% for the 4 g dose. Forty‐two percent of participants reported a total of 34 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), which were all considered mild in severity. Headache was the most common TEAE (22/48 subjects, 45.8%) and the only TEAE reported in more than one subject. In conclusion, administration of single 3 and 4 g doses of zoliflodacin as granules for oral suspension, with a high‐fat meal was well‐tolerated and resulted in statistically significant increases in peak and overall systemic exposure to zoliflodacin.
Magnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy fordrug‐resistantepilepsy: A systematic review and individual participant datameta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Jia‐Shu , Lamoureux Audrey‐Anne , Shlobin Nathan A. , Elkaim Lior M. , Wang Andrew , Ibrahim George M. , Obaid Sami , Harroud Adil , Guadagno Elena , Dimentberg Evan , Bouthillier Alain , Bernhardt Boris C. , Nguyen Dang K. , Fallah Aria , Weil Alexander G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMagnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has emerged as a popular minimally invasive alternative to open resective surgery for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). We sought to perform a systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis to identify independent predictors of seizure outcome and complications following MRgLITT for DRE. Eleven databases were searched from January 1, 2010 to February 6, 2021 using the terms “MR‐guided ablation therapy” and “epilepsy”. Multivariable mixed‐effects Cox and logistic regression identified predictors of time to seizure recurrence, seizure freedom, operative complications, and postoperative neurological deficits. From 8705 citations, 46 studies reporting on 450 MRgLITT DRE patients (mean age = 29.5 ± 18.1 years, 49.6% female) were included. Median postoperative seizure freedom and follow‐up duration were 15.5 and 19.0 months, respectively. Overall, 240 (57.8%) of 415 patients (excluding palliative corpus callosotomy) were seizure‐free at last follow‐up. Generalized seizure semiology (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78,p = .020) and nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (HR = 1.50,p = .032) independently predicted shorter time to seizure recurrence. Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM; odds ratio [OR] = 7.97,p < .001) and mesial temporal sclerosis/atrophy (MTS/A; OR = 2.21,p = .011) were independently associated with greater odds of seizure freedom at last follow‐up. Operative complications occurred in 28 (8.5%) of 330 patients and were independently associated with extratemporal ablations (OR = 5.40,p = .012) and nonlesional MRI studies (OR = 3.25,p = .017). Postoperative neurological deficits were observed in 53 (15.1%) of 352 patients and were independently predicted by hypothalamic hamartoma etiology (OR = 5.93,p = .006) and invasive electroencephalographic monitoring (OR = 4.83,p = .003). Overall, MRgLITT is particularly effective in treating patients with well‐circumscribed lesional DRE, such as CCM and MTS/A, but less effective in nonlesional cases or lesional cases with a more diffuse epileptogenic network associated with generalized seizures. This study identifies independent predictors of seizure freedom and complications following MRgLITT that may help further guide patient selection.
Coccygeal vertebral damage in a multiparous mare following head and tail rope‐assisted recovery from general anaesthesia
Authors: Jones Heather , Gillen Alexandra , Bardell David 
Published: February 2023

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old multiparous Thoroughbred mare with a 2‐month‐old foal at foot presented for investigation of colic. A right dorsal displacement of the large colon with a retroflexion of the pelvic flexure was corrected under general anaesthesia and interventional recovery using head and tail ropes was performed. The mare made multiple attempts to stand, using the ropes for support before achieving and maintaining a standing position. The following day, marked swelling around the perineal and vulval region was noted, combined with reduced tail tone. Urination, but not defaecation, had been observed following surgery. Transrectal ultrasonography indicated formation of a haematoma adjacent and ventral to the caudal sacral and first coccygeal vertebrae. Initial radiographic evaluation was suggestive of an oblique fracture of the caudal endplate of the first coccygeal vertebra, which was confirmed on repeat radiography 7 days later. Treatment included cold compresses to reduce swelling, multimodal analgesia, dietary modification to soften faecal consistency and regular manual evacuation of the rectum to avoid impaction. The mare was discharged after 19 days hospitalisation, gradually recovered the ability to defaecate and produced a viable foal the following year without assistance.
Urbanization can accelerate climate change by increasing soil N2O emission while reducing CH4 uptake
Authors: Zhan Yang , Yao Zhisheng , Groffman Peter M. , Xie Junfei , Wang Yan , Li Guangtao , Zheng Xunhua , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUrban land‐use change has the potential to affect local to global biogeochemical carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We conducted a meta‐analysis to (1) assess the effects of urbanization‐induced land‐use conversion on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes, (2) quantify direct N2O emission factors (EFd) of fertilized urban soils used, for example, as lawns or forests, and (3) identify the key drivers leading to flux changes associated with urbanization. On average, urbanization increases soil N2O emissions by 153%, to 3.0 kg N ha−1 year−1, while rates of soil CH4 uptake are reduced by 50%, to 2.0 kg C ha−1 year−1. The global mean annual N2O EFd of fertilized lawns and urban forests is 1.4%, suggesting that urban soils can be regional hotspots of N2O emissions. On a global basis, conversion of land to urban greenspaces has increased soil N2O emission by 0.46 Tg N2O‐N year−1 and decreased soil CH4 uptake by 0.58 Tg CH4‐C year−1. Urbanization driven changes in soil N2O emission and CH4 uptake are associated with changes in soil properties (bulk density, pH, total N content, and C/N ratio), increased temperature, and management practices, especially fertilizer use. Overall, our meta‐analysis shows that urbanization increases soil N2O emissions and reduces the role of soils as a sink for atmospheric CH4. These effects can be mitigated by avoiding soil compaction, reducing fertilization of lawns, and by restoring native ecosystems in urban landscapes.
Developing Miscanthus seed plug establishment protocols with mulch film for commercial upscaling
Authors: Ashman Chris , Awty‐Carroll Danny , Mos Michal , Kam Jason , Guerrini Sara , Calder Simon , Clifton‐Brown John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh‐yielding crops with C4 photosynthesis arising in tropical climates are being bred for, and increasingly grown in, temperate climates. Miscanthus, a C4 from Eastern Asia is a leading perennial biomass crop, but commercial deployment is limited by low temperatures in Northern Europe, low clonal multiplication rates and slow establishment rates requiring up to 4 years to reach mature yields. While new seeded hybrids have multiplication rates >2000, direct field sown seed has proven impractical. Protocols for safe establishment of seeded hybrids require that seedlings are raised in the glasshouse in compost filled modules (also known as ‘plugs’) which are transplanted into the field in springtime. To protect seedlings from damage from late frosts, drought and grazing and to increase temperature stimulating growth rates, plug plants were covered with oxo‐degradable plastic mulch film designed for maize. At two sites in the UK, this mulch film significantly reduced plant losses at transplanting and overwintering, increased stem heights and shoot counts, and reduced the time to mature yield from 4 to 3 years (p < 0.01). However, the breakdown products of oxo‐degradable mulch films contribute to microplastics in the soil. Therefore, further mulch film experiments were conducted with bio‐derived plastics which are bio‐degradable in soil at extruded thicknesses of 10, 18 and 30 microns. The 10 micron film combined sufficient strength for machine laying and worked as well as oxo‐degradable film on de‐risking establishment. Halving the mulch film widths covering 1 row rather than 2 reduced the amount of plastic by 25%. Commercial plug‐to‐field protocols are built on results from the plot experiments and field‐scale plantings over multiple years and locations and are ready for future upscaling of biomass production from seed‐based Miscanthus hybrids.
When research becomes practice: the concept of the therapeutic misconception and challenges to consent in clinical trials
Authors: Heynemann Sarah , Lipworth Wendy , McLachlan Sue‐Anne , Philip Jennifer , John Tom , Kerridge Ian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany factors influence patients' decisions to participate in clinical trials. For many, the primary motivation is the possibility that they might derive some benefit from participation. This is particularly true for patients with limited treatment options, such as patients with advanced cancer. While this is not surprising, it is potentially problematic if patients fail to recognise the distinction between research and clinical care (a phenomenon known as the ‘therapeutic misconception’). This is becoming increasingly problematic as clinical trial designs become more complex, as clinical trials become more embedded in routine clinical care, and as trials are increasingly used by patients and clinicians to access new diagnostic platforms and therapies. We outline some of these recent trends, focusing on the cancer clinical trials landscape as this provides a good case study of the phenomenon. We conclude by making preliminary suggestions that changes to the consent process, perhaps using ‘dynamic consent’ platforms, might help to mitigate the therapeutic misconception and note the need for further research to guide strategies for improving communication and decision‐making.
Data‐driven prediction of room‐temperature density for multicomponent silicate‐based glasses
Authors: Gong Kai , Olivetti Elsa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDensity is one of the most commonly measured or estimated material properties, especially for glasses and melts that are of significant interest to many fields, including metallurgy, geology, materials science, and sustainable cements. Here, three types of machine learning models (i.e., random forest [RF], artificial neural network [ANN], and Gaussian process regression [GPR]) have been developed to predict the room‐temperature density of glasses in the compositional space of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–FeO–Fe2O3–Na2O–K2O–MnO (CMASTFNKM), based on ∼2100 data points mined from ∼140 literature studies. The results show that the RF, ANN, and GPR models give accurate predictions of glass density with R2 values, root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of ∼0.95–0.97, ∼0.03–0.04 g/cm3 and ∼0.63%–0.83%, respectively, for the 15% testing set, which are more accurate compared with empirical density models based on ionic packing ratio (with R2 values, RMSE, and MAPE of ∼0.28–0.91, ∼0.05–0.15 g/cm3, and ∼1.40%–4.61%, respectively). Furthermore, glass density is shown to be a reliable reactivity indicator for a range of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CAS) and volcanic glasses due to its strong correlation (R2 values above ∼0.90) with the average metal–oxygen dissociation energy (a structural descriptor) of these glasses. Analysis of the predicted density–composition relationships from these models (for selected compositional subspaces) suggests that the single‐layer ANN and GPR models exhibit a certain level of transferability (i.e., ability to extrapolate to compositional spaces not [or less] covered in the database) and capture some known features, including the mixed alkaline earth (or alkali) effects.
Skilled labor and bank loan contracting
Authors: Cheng Lin , Li Rong , Ma Zhiming , Ruan Lufei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the credit risk implications of a firm's reliance on skilled labor and provides an empirical analysis of the effect of skilled labor on loan contracting outcomes. Using a sample of listed US firms from 1998 to 2017, we predict and find that banks charge higher interest rates to firms relying on high‐skill workers than low‐skill workers. This effect is stronger for firms with higher asset‐based operating leverage, higher probabilities of employee turnover and severer conflicts of interest between equity holders and debt holders. In addition, consistent with the idea that banks consider the specific costs and benefits associated with skilled labor, we show that a firm's reliance on skilled labor is positively (negatively) associated with the relative usage of capital (performance) covenants. Our results hold when applying different matching methods, fixed‐effect models or exogenous shocks from two quasi‐natural experiments. Overall, our study demonstrates the impact of skilled labor, an important labor‐force heterogeneity, on debt contract design and contributes to the understanding of the interaction between labor and capital, that is, the two primary inputs of a firm.