bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silent active device tracking for MR‐guided interventional procedures
Authors: Stehning Christian , Krueger Sascha , Weiss Steffen , Smink Jouke , Koken Peter , Hindricks Gerhard , Jahnke Cosima , Paetsch Ingo 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo evaluate a silent MR active catheter tracking sequence that allows conducting catheter interventions with low acoustic noise levels.MethodsTo reduce the acoustic noise associated with MR catheter tracking, we implemented a technique previously used in conventional MRI. The gradient waveforms are modified to reduce the sound pressure level (SPL) and avoid acoustic resonances of the MRI system. The efficacy of the noise reduction was assessed by software‐predicted SPL and verified by measurements. Furthermore, the quality of the catheter tracking signal was assessed in a phantom experiment and during interventional cardiovascular MRI sessions targeted at isthmus‐related flutter ablation.ResultsThe maximum measured SPL in the scanner room was 104 dB(A) for real‐time imaging, and 88 dB(A) and 69 dB(A) for conventional and silent tracking, respectively. The SPL measured at different positions in the MR suite using silent tracking were 65–69 dB(A), and thus within the range of a normal conversation. Equivalent signal quality and tracking accuracy were obtained using the silent variant of the catheter tracking sequence.ConclusionOur results indicate that silent MR catheter tracking capabilities are identical to conventional catheter tracking. The achieved acoustic noise reduction comes at no penalty in terms of tracking quality or temporal resolution, improves comfort and safety, and can overcome the need for MR‐compatible communication equipment and background noise suppression during the actual interventional procedure.
The management challenges of a case with Flupentixol‐induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: Elyasi Forouzan , sadati Seyedehnasibeh , Heydari Fateme 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and life‐threatening reaction. The incidence rate of NMS has dropped because of the higher use of atypical antipsychotics, compared with the typical ones. The mortality rate in patients taking injectable antipsychotics has been also by 38%.AimHere, a case developing the NMS symptoms following Flupentixol (FPX) use was reported.Case presentationThe patient was a 46‐year‐old man with the history of schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and recently on six‐weekly doses of long‐acting (LA) typical antipsychotic drugs. He was referred with a fever, sweating, a food intolerance, mutism, and disorientation in 2019. He was presented with generalized rigidity, negativism, and neck stiffness. The patient's initial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level was 1476 IU/L, which gradually elevated to 3997 IU/L on Day 26. NMS was further diagnosed, in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) criteria, and the score 9+ in the Naranjo Algorithm as the adverse drug reaction probability scale. Afterward, the patient was treated with bromocriptine at a dose of 5 mg 3 times a day, which progressively reached a maximum of 50 mg. He experienced sepsis and resistant respiratory infection several times. The case was finally discharged after 66 days of hospitalization, with a high level of consciousness, but limited verbal communication, in a fever‐free condition with the oral administration of bromocriptine and lorazepam.ConclusionIn conclusion, there were suggestions for the management challenges of NMS in patients receiving LA injectable antipsychotic agents.
A systematic study on weak Galerkin finite element method for second‐order parabolic problems
Authors: Deka Bhupen , Kumar Naresh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present work, we have described a systematic numerical study on weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for second‐order linear parabolic problems by allowing polynomial approximations with various degrees for each local element. Convergence of both semidiscrete and fully discrete WG solutions are established in and norms for a general WG element , where , and are arbitrary integers. The fully discrete space–time discretization is based on a first order in time Euler scheme. Numerical experiments are reported to justify the robustness, reliability and accuracy of the WG finite element method.
Repositioning urban bias: Non‐state providers' use of spatialised networks in Bangladesh
Authors: Badruzzaman Aeshna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUrban bias theory predicts urban areas of developing countries receive disproportionately more resources than rural areas due to their concentration of numerically large, politically important “vote banks.” This has not been the case in Bangladesh. This study finds that this variation occurs due to non‐state providers (NSPs) changing the landscape of resource allocation. Operating on the premise that state control leads to more services in urban areas, urban bias fails to account for NSPs as critical service providers. Employing a grounded theory strategy to explore urban‐rural dynamics in service provision and to build on urban bias theory, this research highlights interactions between state and non‐state actors. It argues that spatialized political networks, networks of formal and informal leadership more difficult to access in urban areas, influence the locality of service provision. Though NSPs recognize increased need in urban areas of Bangladesh, their interventions in those areas remain peripheral due to differing structures of government accountability and differing levels of community acceptance facilitating these networks. The need for NSPs to adapt their activities to restrictive governance mechanisms reflects the changing space for NSPs in the context of semi‐democratic regimes.
“Not‐so‐popular” orthogonal pairs in genetic code expansion
Authors: Andrews Joseph , Gan Qinglei , Fan Chenguang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring the past decade, genetic code expansion has been proved to be a powerful tool for protein studies and engineering. As the key part, a series of orthogonal pairs have been developed to site‐specifically incorporate hundreds of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins by using bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells, animals, or plants as hosts. Among them, the pair of tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase/tRNATyr from Methanococcus jannaschii and the pair of pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase/tRNAPyl from Methanosarcina species are the most popular ones. Recently, other “not‐so‐popular” orthogonal pairs have started to attract attentions, because they can provide more choices of ncAA candidates and are necessary for simultaneous incorporation of multiple ncAAs into a single protein. Here, we summarize the development and applications of those “not‐so‐popular” orthogonal pairs, providing guidance for studying and engineering proteins.
High‐yield recombinant bacterial expression of 13C‐, 15N‐labeled, serine‐16 phosphorylated, murine amelogenin using a modified third generation genetic code expansion protocol
Authors: Buchko Garry W. , Zhou Mowei , Vesely Cat Hoang , Tao Jinhui , Shaw Wendy J. , Mehl Ryan A. , Cooley Richard B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmelogenin constitutes ~90% of the enamel matrix in the secretory stage of amelogenesis, a still poorly understood process that results in the formation of the hardest and most mineralized tissue in vertebrates—enamel. Most biophysical research with amelogenin uses recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli. In addition to providing copious amounts of protein, recombinant expression allows 13C‐ and 15N‐labeling for detailed structural studies using NMR spectroscopy. However, native amelogenin is phosphorylated at one position, Ser‐16 in murine amelogenin, and there is mounting evidence that Ser‐16 phosphorylation is important. Using a modified genetic code expansion protocol we have expressed and purified uniformly 13C‐, 15N‐labeled murine amelogenin (pS16M179) with ~95% of the protein being correctly phosphorylated. Homogeneous phosphorylation was achieved using commercially available, enriched, 13C‐, 15N‐labeled media, and protein expression was induced with isopropyl β‐D‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside at 310 K. Phosphoserine incorporation was verified from one‐dimensional 31P NMR spectra, comparison of 1H‐15N HSQC spectra, Phos‐tag SDS PAGE, and mass spectrometry. Phosphorus‐31 NMR spectra for pS16M179 under conditions known to trigger amelogenin self‐assembly into nanospheres confirm nanosphere models with buried N‐termini. Lambda phosphatase treatment of these nanospheres results in the dephosphorylation of pS16M179, confirming that smaller oligomers and monomers with exposed N‐termini are in equilibrium with nanospheres. Such 13C‐, 15N‐labeling of amelogenin with accurately encoded phosphoserine incorporation will accelerate biomineralization research to understand amelogenesis and stimulate the expanded use of genetic code expansion protocols to introduce phosphorylated amino acids into proteins.
An overview of the effect of medicinal herbs on pain
Authors: Yousofvand Namdar , Moloodi Boshra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper is typically intended to carefully collect and properly review the antinociceptive activities of medicinal plants. In this review article, by searching keywords of medicinal plants, pain, herbal medicine, antinociceptive, phytotherapy in databases of Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Springer, Wiley, Proquest, PubMed, Nature, Magiran, Emerald, SID, ISI, and some other indexing cites, or traditional books, desired articles were obtained until 2021. The title of medicinal plants was searched diligently in Persian and English. Ultimately, 270 articles were studied. The findings possibly indicated that several medicinal plants are among the most valuable plants that have antinociceptive activities. There efficiently are various antinociceptive compounds in medicinal plants. The antinociceptive activity of these specific compounds may be through their peculiar effects on the opioid system, cholinergic pathways, and stimulation of GABA receptors, with the peripheral and central antinociceptive mechanism. Antiinflammatory processes, inhibition of the synthesis, and the release of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, phospholipase, nitric oxide, and cyclooxygenase‐2 have been reported as analgesic mechanisms of some herbs. In a reasonable conclusion, our review thoughtfully provides a comprehensive summary of present data from some scientific studies on the common herbs with antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities.
Nonlinear placement for networked Euler‐Lagrange systems: A finite‐time hierarchical approach
Authors: Liu Wen‐Jin , Ding Hua‐Feng , Yao Xiang‐Yu , Ge Ming‐Feng , Hua Menghu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe finite‐time nonlinear placement problem of networked Euler‐Lagrange systems (NELSs) is discussed in this paper. The problem is reformulated into a finite‐time aggregate game under an undirected graph. Then, several novel practical gradient‐based finite‐time hierarchical (GFTH) algorithms composed of a game layer, a Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking layer, and a control layer are proposed. Specifically, the game layer employs an aggregate function to reach a consensus on the potential aggregate value which is adopted by a gradient‐based finite‐time method to tackle the finite‐time NE seeking problem in the NE seeking layer, and then, the tracking problem is realized in the control layer. The convergence results are established by a nonsmooth Lyapunov function. In addition, the versatility of the GFTH algorithms is shown by extending to address the task‐space control problem of NELSs. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is illustrated via simulations.
Magnetic Hydrogel Microrobots as Insecticide Carriers for In Vivo Insect Pest Control in Plants
Authors: Maria‐Hormigos Roberto , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Pumera Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe cost of insect pests to human society exceeds USD70 billion per year worldwide in goods, livestock, and healthcare services. Therefore, pesticides are needed to prevent insect damage despite the secondary effects of these chemical agents on non‐target organisms. Chemicals encapsulation into carriers is a promising strategy to improve their specificity. Hydrogel‐based microrobots show enormous potential as chemical carriers. Herein, hydrogel chitosan magnetic microrobots encapsulating ethyl parathion (EP)‐CHI@Fe3O4 are used to efficiently kill mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor). The mechanism takes advantage of pH‐responsive chitosan degradation at Tenebrio molitor midgut pH to efficiently deliver pesticide into the mealworm intestinal tract in just 2 h. It is observed that under a transversal rotating magnetic field, mealworm populations show higher mortality after 30 min compared to free pesticide. This example of active pesticide carriers based on soft microrobots opens new avenues for microrobots applications in the agrochemical field as active chemical carriers.
Lattice Transformation from 2D to Quasi 1D and Phonon Properties of Exfoliated ZrS2 and ZrSe2
Authors: Alsulami Awsaf , Alharbi Majed , Alsaffar Fadhel , Alolaiyan Olaiyan , Aljalham Ghadeer , Albawardi Shahad , Alsaggaf Sarah , Alamri Faisal , Tabbakh Thamer A. , Amer Moh R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent reports on thermal and thermoelectric properties of emerging 2D materials have shown promising results. Among these materials are Zirconium‐based chalcogenides such as zirconium disulfide (ZrS2), zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2), zirconium trisulfide (ZrS3), and zirconium triselenide (ZrSe3). Here, the thermal properties of these materials are investigated using confocal Raman spectroscopy. Two different and distinctive Raman signatures of exfoliated ZrX2 (where X = S or Se) are observed. For 2D‐ZrX2, Raman modes are in alignment with those reported in literature. However, for quasi 1D‐ZrX2, Raman modes are identical to exfoliated ZrX3 nanosheets, indicating a major lattice transformation from 2D to quasi‐1D. Raman temperature dependence for ZrX2 are also measured. Most Raman modes exhibit a linear downshift dependence with increasing temperature. However, for 2D‐ZrS2, a blueshift for A1g mode is detected with increasing temperature. Finally, phonon dynamics under optical heating for ZrX2 are measured. Based on these measurements, the calculated thermal conductivity and the interfacial thermal conductance indicate lower interfacial thermal conductance for quasi 1D‐ZrX2 compared to 2D‐ZrX2, which can be attributed to the phonon confinement in 1D. The results demonstrate exceptional thermal properties for Zirconium‐based materials, making them ideal for thermoelectric device applications and future thermal management strategies.
A Comprehensive Review on Barium Titanate Nanoparticles as a Persuasive Piezoelectric Material for Biomedical Applications: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Sood Ankur , Desseigne Margaux , Dev Atul , Maurizi Lionel , Kumar Anuj , Millot Nadine , Han Sung Soo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStimulation of cells with electrical cues is an imperative approach to interact with biological systems and has been exploited in clinical practices over a wide range of pathological ailments. This bioelectric interface has been extensively explored with the help of piezoelectric materials, leading to remarkable advancement in the past two decades. Among other members of this fraternity, colloidal perovskite barium titanate (BaTiO3) has gained substantial interest due to its noteworthy properties which includes high dielectric constant and excellent ferroelectric properties along with acceptable biocompatibility. Significant progression is witnessed for BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BaTiO3 NPs) as potent candidates for biomedical applications and in wearable bioelectronics, making them a promising personal healthcare platform. The current review highlights the nanostructured piezoelectric bio interface of BaTiO3 NPs in applications comprising drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, bioelectronics, and wearable devices. Particular attention has been dedicated toward the fabrication routes of BaTiO3 NPs along with different approaches for its surface modifications. This review offers a comprehensive discussion on the utility of BaTiO3 NPs as active devices rather than passive structural unit behaving as carriers for biomolecules. The employment of BaTiO3 NPs presents new scenarios and opportunity in the vast field of nanomedicines for biomedical applications.
Novel isostructural iron‐series‐MOF calcined derivatives as positive and negative electrodes: A new strategy to obtain matched electrodes in a supercapacitor device
Authors: Dong Yawen , Liu Jiadi , Zhang Hui , Li Qingqing , Mao Feifei , Lu Aimin , Wu Hua , Wang Kuaibing , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Qichun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe performance of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) is strongly restricted by the capacity gap between the positive and negative electrodes. To address this issue, two new electrode materials deriving from Co‐ and Fe‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs, Co‐TAMBA‐d, and Fe‐TAMBA‐d) through a single‐step sintering method have been developed by considering the superiorities of the derivatives of MOFs including large surface areas, sufficient metal‐atom‐doping content, and extreme surface wettability to the bath solution. The as‐prepared Co‐TAMBA‐d as a positive electrode delivers typical pseudocapacitive behavior with the improvement of capacity, which is better than those of pristine MOF materials, while Fe‐TAMBA‐d as negative electrodes displays better electrochemical behavior than those of activated carbon. ASCs based on these two electrodes exhibits excellent energy density and power density of 47 W h/kg and 1658 W/kg, respectively, where this device can maintain prominent cycling stability with capacity retention after 5000 cycles being about 75%. Furthermore, the capacity can feed a series of red light‐emitting diodes, which gives solid evidence of the potential utilization. These results can afford the feasibility of isostructural MOF derivatives as promising electrodes in novel ASCs.
The Economic Structure of Maritime Trade Calling at the Port of Genoa Through the Analysis of General Average Data (Sixteenth–Seventeenth Centuries)
Authors: Piccinno Luisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis essay will discuss the preliminary results emerging from data extrapolated from General Average (GA) procedures in Genoa, between the last decade of the sixteenth century and the 1640s. The wealth of data provided by GA procedures compensates for some of the gaps in quantitative data which have held back research on the local maritime economy. Methodologically, this essay further develops the insights of Giuseppe Felloni’s work on GA’s potential for economic analysis. The rich documentation produced during GA procedures, from the original report (testimoniale) to the final apportioning of costs (calculus), provides details for typology of vessel, provenance, route, flag and cargo. This data sheds new light on Mediterranean maritime trade during a fundamental period of structural change, characterised by the emergence of new protagonists and the creation of new equilibria.
Financing and Risk in Genoese Maritime Trade During the Eighteenth Century: Strategies and Practices
Authors: Zanini Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring the early modern age, maritime trade and finance were the two pillars of the Genoese economy. Despite this, the existing literature tends to focus on one of the two sectors, while it does not pay attention to their mutual interconnections. However, credit was crucial also for the development of maritime trade: merchants, ship-owners and captains were often forced to borrow money to finance their activities or share risks. Over time, the flourishing of maritime trade led to the diffusion of several financial and legal instruments, such as commenda contracts, sea loans, bottomry, marine insurance and, of course, General Average, able to share risks or transfer risks on third parties. However, as regards the case of Genoa, these mechanisms, as well as connections between credit provision in maritime trade and leading financial operators, are almost neglected. This essay aims to shed light on these dynamics and to show to what extent maritime trade represented an attractive option for Genoese investors during the eighteenth century.
Divide and Rule: Risk Sharing and Political Economy in the Free Port of Livorno
Authors: Dyble Jake 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the late-seventeenth century, the Tuscan authorities were accused of abusing General Average procedures (GAs) to ‘invite captains to the free port of Livorno’. This contribution shows how GAs had indeed become a political-economic tool but argues that this was a defensive response to an increasingly mercantilist environment rather than a proactive attempt to promote the free port. GA procedures were readily adapted to confront new threats such as the French cottimo tax, which aimed to squeeze Livorno out of the Levant trade, and English attempts to wrest maritime jurisdiction from the Tuscan courts. As in Venice, commercial justice, particularly the procedural element, was being used defensively to protect the status quo in a period of new pressure. These findings demonstrate the limitations of the state-centred, protectionist policies of the period. They also show how commercial justice, or administration-as-justice, reflected a wider Tuscan commercial strategy, which was both highly creative and intensely pragmatic.
Rules and Practices of General Average in the Islamic Mediterranean on the Eve of the Emergence of the Italian Communes
Authors: Khalilieh Hassan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis essay underlines the rules of jettison and the financial settlements arising from losses at sea. Muslim jurists did not hold a consensus as regards the jetsam’s value and offered four legal opinions: based on the its cost at the market place from which it was purchased, at market place of the port of embarkation, the nearest port where they were jettisoned, or on its price at the destined port. However, as for the time, the great majority of jurists agreed on calculating the jetsam’s value at the market prices on the day of embarkation rather than the day of purchase. The paper also demonstrates that the ship was subject to contribution and how was it valued. The same applies to the freight charges; human cargo was treated as commodities.
General Average, Compulsory Contributions and Castilian Normative Practice in the Southern Low Countries (Sixteenth Century)
Authors: Dreijer Gijs 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis essay investigates the influence of the Castilian normative practice (in both legislation and legal practice) on the development of GA and other Averages in the Southern Low Countries in the sixteenth century. It argues that three important developments for risk and cost management were drawn from Castilian normative practice: first, the insurability of GA claims, as evidenced by the ledgers of the Antwerp-based Castilian insurer Juan Henriquez; second, the broadening of GA to include, for example, uninsurable costs, following lobbying by Castilian merchants; and third, the adoption by the Castilian and Biscayer nationes in Bruges of compulsory contributions to cover protection costs. Castilian normative practice therefore had a long-lasting and significant impact on the development of GA and other Averages, both in formal law and in mercantile practice.