bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata
Authors: Liu Ming , Gao Ya , Yuan Yuan , Yang Kelu , Shen Caiyi , Wang Jiancheng , Tian Jinhui 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceAlopecia areata (AA) is a common chronic tissue-specific autoimmune disease. Several studies have reported outcomes of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for treating AA, but limited evidence has emerged.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety associated with JAK inhibitors for AA.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched from inception until August 2022.Study SelectionOnly randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. Pairs of reviewers independently and in duplicate selected the studies.Data Extraction and SynthesisHartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random-effects models were used for meta-analysis. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. This study is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes of interest were (1) proportion of patients who achieved 30%, 50%, and 90% improvement in Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score from baseline, (2) change from baseline SALT score, and (3) treatment-related adverse event (AE).ResultsSeven RCTs with 1710 patients (1083 females [63.3%]; mean [SD] age range, 36.3 [10.4] to 69.7 [16.2] years) were eligible and included in the study. JAK inhibitors were associated with more patients achieving 50% improvement (odds ratio [OR], 5.28 [95% CI, 1.69-16.46]; GRADE assessment: low certainty) and 90% improvement (OR, 8.15 [95% CI, 4.42-15.03]; GRADE assessment: low certainty) in SALT score from baseline compared with placebo. JAK inhibitors were associated with more lowered SALT scores from the baseline compared with placebo (mean difference [MD], –34.52 [95% CI, −37.80 to −31.24]; GRADE assessment: moderate certainty), and JAK inhibitors were not associated with more treatment-related AEs (relative risk [RR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.00-1.57]; GRADE assessment: high certainty) compared with placebo. High certainty of evidence showed that JAK inhibitors may not be associated with more severe AEs compared with placebo (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.41-1.43). The subgroup analysis showed that oral JAK inhibitors were more efficient than placebo (change from baseline SALT scores: MD, –36.80; 95% CI, −39.57 to −34.02), and no difference was found between external JAK inhibitors and placebo (change from baseline SALT scores: MD, –0.40; 95% CI, −11.30 to 10.50).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that JAK inhibitors, compared with placebo, were associated with hair regrowth and that the outcome of oral JAK inhibitors was better than the external route of administration. Although the safety and tolerability of JAK inhibitors were acceptable, longer RCTs are needed to further assess the effectiveness and safety of these treatments for AA.
Audio–Visual Input and Language Learning
Authors: Muñoz Carmen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The increasing digitization of society has dramatically boosted the opportunities for contact with additional languages, and more and more language learning is taking place outside the classroom and through audio–visual input. Audio–visual input is an enriched, multimodal form of input characterized by the interaction among sound, image, and, often, written language on the screen. This interaction is thought to support L2 processing and learning. Moreover, the presence of imagery provides additional semantic support and contextual clues, which facilitates comprehension. The presence of on‐screen text, and particularly captions (in the language of the soundtrack), helps learners visualize word boundaries, making auditory text more comprehensible too. The main focus of research in L2 learning through audio–visual input has been on comprehension and vocabulary learning, but studies have also shown clear benefits in other areas, such as aural perception. The pedagogical benefits of audio–visual input are many. First, while the input limitations of schools, in terms of both quantity and quality, have been made evident by research, audio–visual input provides large amounts of authentic input. This offers learners unlimited opportunities for incidental learning, but the teacher can also promote intentional learning and suggest adequate strategies to foster L2 learning through audio–visual input. It is suggested that classroom‐based programs of extensive viewing can supplement extensive reading programs since audio–visual input has great appeal among children and adolescents, especially. By breaking down the classroom walls, audio–visual input can also make school language instruction more relevant to students' needs and interests and foster their motivation.
Integrating Sub‐Nano Catalysts into Metal‐Organic Framework toward Pore‐Confined Polysulfides Conversion in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zeng Qinghan , Xu Liangliang , Li Guanxing , Zhang Qi , Guo Sijia , Lu Haibin , Xie Lin , Yang Junhua , Weng Jingqia , Zheng Cheng , Huang Shaoming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractShuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of sulfur species still hinder the practical application of lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a strategy of integrating sub‐nano catalysts into metal‐organic framework (MOF) is proposed for developing efficient sulfur host to tackle these issues. The designed MOF host (MOF‐TOC) endowed with sub‐nano TiO clusters (TOCs) in the mesopores of MOF can act as an efficient reaction chamber in LSBs. Systematic electrochemical measurements and calculations demonstrate that MOF‐TOC can trap and confine lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) via strong chemical interaction. Moreover, the highly active TOCs isolated in different nanopores can accelerate the bidirectional redox reaction of sulfur species through the d‐p orbital hybridization with sulfur species. Benefiting from these merits, MOF‐TOC delivers LSBs with remarkably improved areal capacity and cycling stability at high sulfur loadings and lean electrolytes. This work gives insight into the rational design of catalyst‐containing MOF hosts and will shed light on the development of advanced catalytic hosts for high‐performance LSBs.
Impact of Side Chain Extension on the Morphology and Electrochemistry of Phosphonated Poly(Ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives
Authors: Hopkins Jonathan , Ta Daniel , Lauto Antonio , Baker Carly , Daniels John , Wagner Pawel , Wagner Klaudia K. , Kirby Nigel , Cazorla Claudio , Officer David L. , Mawad Damia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne factor with great bearing on the electrochemical performance of conjugated polymers is the film morphology. A balance between crystalline and amorphous domains needs to be achieved for the polymer to have an optimal ionic‐electronic conductance. Herein, the morphological and electrochemical properties of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) polymers functionalized with phosphonate groups separated by methylene and butylene alkyl spacers from the backbone are compared. Extending the spacer from methylene to butylene increases structural ordering in the solid state as revealed by grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. However, the ordered domains are only short range, suggestive of a paracrystalline morphology in which ordered regions are separated by amorphous regions. This has a negative impact on the intermolecular charge transport. The longer spacer appears to have impeded the uptake of hydrated counterions, seen by the increase in the ionization potential and energy requirement for electrochemical switching, as well as the decrease in the volumetric capacitance. These results elucidate the advantages of having the phosphonate pendant group close to the backbone, separated only by a methylene spacer. This synthetic design likely facilitates hydrated counterions to accumulate around the polar phosphonate groups, close to the doped backbone where they can easily compensate the charge carriers formed upon oxidation.
Quantifying the Energy Loss of Triplet Excitons on High‐Lying Triplet States to Develop High Efficiency Blue Fluorescence OLEDs Based on AIE Emitter
Authors: Xie Dian , Han Pengbo , Lin Chengwei , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong , Ma Dongge 
Published: June 2023

Abstract“Hot exciton” molecules that allow the transition of excitons from a high‐lying triplet state (Tn, n≥ 2) to singlet states (Sm, m≥1) by a reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process have become an effective strategy to achieve high efficiency fluorescence organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the understanding of the dynamic behavior of the “hot exciton” process is still very lacking. Herein, the exciton dynamics of an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecule TPA‐An‐mPhCz with the “hot exciton” property are deeply investigated, and the proportion between hRISC and internal inversion (IC) of excitons on Tn is successfully quantified by in situ transient electroluminescent measurements and theoretical calculation. It is found that the IC process increases severe energy loss of Tn excitons. By introducing a triplet–triplet annihilation up‐conversion layer in the emissive layer to efficiently recapture the IC excitons and further doping a blue fluorescent emitter in the TPA‐An‐mPhCz layer to achieve high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the resulting OLED achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.5% with negligible efficiency roll‐off. More impressively, the operational lifetime LT75 (lifetime to 75% of the initial luminance) of the device with efficient triplets utilization performs a remarkable 116 h under 1000 cd m−2. This work provides the fundamentals for the design of hot exciton materials with efficient exciton utilization to develop efficient blue fluorescence OLEDs.
Venous thromboembolism mortality and trends in older US adults, 2011–2019
Authors: Giorgio Katherine , Walker Rob F. , MacLehose Richard F. , Adrianzen‐Herrera Diego , Wang Wendy , Alonso Alvaro , Zakai Neil A. , Lutsey Pamela L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) affects 1.2 million people per year in the United States. With several clinical changes in diagnosis and treatment approaches in the past decade, we evaluated contemporary post‐VTE mortality risk profiles and trends. Incident VTE cases were identified from the 2011–2019 Medicare 20% Sample, which is representative of nearly all Americans aged 65 and older. The social deprivation index was linked from public data; race/ethnicity and sex were self‐reported. The all‐cause mortality risk 30 days and 1 year after incident VTE was calculated in demographic subgroups and by prevalent cancer diagnosis status using model‐based standardization. Risks for major cancer types, risk differences by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socio‐economic status (SES), and trends over time are also reported. The all‐cause mortality risk among older US adults following incident VTE was 3.1% (95% CI 3.0–3.2) at 30 days and 19.6% (95% CI 19.2–20.1) at 1 year. For cancer‐related VTE events, the age‐sex‐race‐standardized risk was 6.0% at 30 days and 34.7% at 1 year. The standardized 30‐day and 1‐year risks were higher among non‐White beneficiaries and among those with low SES. One‐year mortality risk decreased 0.28 percentage points per year (95% CI 0.16–0.40) on average across the study period, with no trend observed for 30‐day mortality risk. In sum, all‐cause mortality risk following incident VTE has decreased slightly in the last decade, but racial and socio‐economic disparities persist. Understanding patterns of mortality among demographic subgroups and in cancer‐associated events is important for targeting efforts to improve VTE management.
Real‐world effectiveness of mepolizumab in severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States: Impact of comorbidity and sinus surgery
Authors: Silver Jared , Deb Arijita , Laliberté François , Gao Chi , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrial data demonstrate that mepolizumab, a humanized anti‐interleukin 5 monoclonal antibody, is effective for patients with severe asthma and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps. This real‐world, retrospective cohort study investigated mepolizumab for US patients with severe asthma and CRS with/without sinus surgery.MethodsIQVIA PharMetrics Plus claims data from baseline and follow‐up (12 months before and after mepolizumab initiation) were used to analyze three patient cohorts: cohort 1 (severe asthma only); cohort 2 (severe asthma + comorbid CRS without sinus surgery); and cohort 3 (severe asthma+comorbid CRS+sinus surgery), allowing for cross‐cohort comparisons.ResultsThe analysis included 495, 370, and 85 patients in cohort 1, cohort 2, and cohort 3, respectively. Systemic and oral corticosteroid use was lower for all cohorts after mepolizumab initiation. In cohort 3, asthma rescue inhaler and antibiotic use were lower during follow‐up than baseline. Asthma exacerbations were reduced by 28% to 44% comparing follow‐up versus baseline, with the largest reduction in cohort 3 (ratio of incidence rate ratio [RR] vs cohort 1: 0.76; p = 0.036). Reductions in oral corticosteroid claims were greater following mepolizumab initiation for cohort 3 versus cohort 1 (RR, 0.72; p = 0.011) and cohort 2 (RR, 0.70; p < 0.01). In cohorts 1 through 3, outpatient and emergency department visits were reduced by 1 to 2 and 0.4 to 0.6 visits annually, asthma‐related and asthma exacerbation–related total costs were reduced by $387 to $2580 USD, and medical costs were reduced by $383 to $2438 USD during follow‐up.ConclusionsConsistent with trial data, mepolizumab use in real‐world practice shows benefits across comorbid patient cohorts with more a pronounced impact in those with severe asthma+comorbid CRS + sinus surgery.
Establishment of image‐guided radiotherapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model
Authors: Zhou Kaixiao , Jiang Yabo , Feng Shuang , Mo Wei , Nie Jing , Cao Jianping , Jiao Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Recently, developments in radiotherapy technology have led to radiotherapy becoming one of the main therapeutics of HCC. Therefore, a suitable animal model for radiotherapy of the orthotopic HCC mouse model is urgently needed.MethodsIn the present study, Hepa1‐6 cells were injected into the liver of C57BL/6 mice in situ to mimic the pathological characteristics of the original HCC. Tumor formation was monitored by applying magnetic resonance imaging techniques and verified by H&E histopathological staining, AFP staining, and Ki67 staining. A single dose of 10 Gy X‐ray was applied to simulate clinical radiotherapy plans using image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) equipment. The efficiency of radiotherapy was then assessed by examining tumor size and weight one week after radiation. Cleaved‐caspase3 staining and TUNEL were used to assess apoptosis in tumor tissues.ResultsIntrahepatic tumor development was detected in the liver according using MRI. A high‐density shadow could be seen 10 days after cell injection, which indicated the formation of HCC in vivo. The tumors grew steadily bigger, and underwent precision radiotherapy 20 days after injection. The typical pathological characteristics of HCC, such as large, deeply stained nuclei and irregular cell size, were visible with H&E staining. After radiotherapy, significantly higher expression of the immunohistochemical markers Ki67 and AFP were detected in tumor tissue than in the nearby normal tissue. Compared with the control group, the tumor volume (p = 0.05) and weight (p < 0.05) of the irradiated group were significantly reduced. In addition, a higher frequency of apoptosis was identified in irradiated HCC tumor tissue using the TUNEL and cleaved‐caspase3 staining assay.ConclusionsIn a well‐established orthotopic HCC model, MRI was utilized to monitor the formation of tumors, and IGRT was used to simulate clinical radiotherapy. The present study could provide a suitable preclinical system for HCC radiotherapy‐related studies.
Designing a label‐free electrochemical aptasensor based on polypyrrole‐l‐cysteine‐reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Heydari Maryam , Rahbar Nadereh , Gholoobi Aida , Mohammadinejad Arash , Rezayi Majid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReliable and precise quantification of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in clinical samples is vital because vitamin D3 deficiency lead to several disorders, such as mental illness, osteoporosis, and coronavirus disease. Herein, we report the fabrication of a novel electrochemical aptasensor using a nanocomposite, including reduced graphene oxide, pyrrole, and l‐cysteine, for the sensitive detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3. Subsequently, the aptamer of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 was immobilized on the surface of the modified electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry signals were utilized for studying the binding and measurement of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 based on the oxidation peak. Under the optimum conditions, the designed electrochemical aptasensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.001–150 nM, with a limit of detection of 0.006 nM. Furthermore, the proposed aptasensor selectively detected 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 compared to other analogs. Moreover, this aptasensor was successfully applied for the detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum samples, which were quantified by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. The acceptable recoveries of 82.67%–111.07% demonstrated that this proposed electrochemical aptasensor can be a promising alternative for clinical methods of vitamin D determination.
Mitigation of Binder Migration Behavior during the Drying Process by Applying an Electric Field for Fast‐Charging in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Keemin , Ryu Myeungwoo , Jung Yongmin , Yoo Hee Eun , Myeong Seungcheol , Lee Dongsoo , Kim Soo Chan , Kim Chanho , Kim Jeongheon , Kwon Jiseok , Lee Kangchun , Cho Chae‐Woong , Paik Ungyu , Song Taeseup 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe binder migration due to the capillary force‐driven solvent evaporation during the drying process in the electrode manufacturing process induces inhomogeneous binder distribution in the electrode, which deteriorates Li‐ion kinetics and corresponding poor fast‐charging properties in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we report an effective strategy to mitigate the binder migration behavior by applying an electric field during the drying process. As the employed carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) binders have a negative charge in an aqueous anode slurry system (pH 7), the binder migration behavior could be mitigated by generating an electrical attraction force into the bottom direction by positive electrification of the current collector. The anode prepared with electric field exhibits homogeneous binder distribution in the longitudinal direction, which enhances Li‐ion kinetics, corresponding constant current charging capacity, and cycling stability compared to those of the anode prepared without electric field.
An assessment of the impact of Raman based glucose feedback control on CHO cell bioreactor process development
Authors: Gibbons Luke , Maslanka Francis , Le Nikky , Magill Al , Singh Pankaj , Mclaughlin Joseph , Madden Fiona , Hayes Ronan , McCarthy Barry , Rode Christopher , O'Mahony Jim , Rea Rosemary , O'Mahony‐Hartnett Caitlin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProcess analytical technology (PAT) tools such as Raman Spectroscopy have become established tools for real time measurement of CHO cell bioreactor process variables and are aligned with the QbD approach to manufacturing. These tools can have a significant impact on process development if adopted early, creating an end‐to‐end PAT/QbD focused process. This study assessed the impact of Raman based feedback control on early and late phase development bioreactors by using a Raman based PLS model and PAT management system to control glucose in two CHO cell line bioreactor processes. The impact was then compared to bioreactor processes which used manual bolus fed methods for glucose feed delivery. Process improvements were observed in terms of overall bioreactor health, product output and product quality. Raman controlled batches for Cell Line 1 showed a reduction in glycation of 43.4% and 57.9%, respectively. Cell Line 2 batches with Raman based feedback control showed an improved growth profile with higher VCD and viability and a resulting 25% increase in overall product titer with an improved glycation profile. The results presented here demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can be used in both early and late‐stage process development and design for consistent and controlled glucose feed delivery.
Is no feedback perceived as a risk in online reviews?
Authors: Hwang JiWon , Han EunKyoung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOnline reviews are critical in consumer decision‐making regarding making online purchases. Given that reviews allow consumers to leave personal feedback about a product or service, it is unclear why some choose not to. This study is an examination of whether consumers tend to perceive no feedback as a sign of risk in online product listings along with the effects of no feedback on purchase intention. Regulatory focus theory is also applied to elucidate the differences in perceived risk between offerings with either high or low numbers of transactions accompanied by no feedback. Through online survey, data were gathered with 450 participants who had used any online marketplaces within 3 months. Consumers with a focus on both prevention and promotion perceive higher risk when there are many transactions with no feedback (high number of no‐feedback condition), whereas consumers with a promotion focus perceive significantly lower risk when there are few transactions with no feedback (low number of no‐feedback condition). From the analyses of regression and structural equation modeling, perceived risk negatively affected purchase intention in both the high and low number of no‐feedback condition. Also in both the promotion and prevention focus groups, purchase intention is significantly higher in the low no feedback condition than the high no feedback. This study's findings confirm that consumers perceive offerings with high no feedback as high risk.
Urinary bladder metastasis from suspected second primary breast cancer presenting with ambiguous lower urinary tract symptoms: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chang‐Chieh Liao , Yen‐Chuan Ou , Min‐Che Tung , Wei‐Shiang Hu , Tang‐Yi Tsao , Chao‐Yu Hsu 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageCommon urinary symptoms may arise from metastases from uncommon sites. In patients with a history of cancer, the focus should be on the currently affected organ and the status of the underlying malignancy.
Stroke prevention in an octogenarian with atrial fibrillation, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Finsterer Josef , Schneider Birke 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageLeft‐atrial‐appendage‐closure (LAAC) is suggested as alternative to antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy (AP/AC) for stroke‐prevention in patients with cerebral‐amyloid‐angiopathy (CAA), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Disadvantages of LAAC are the need for postinterventional AP and impairment of left atrial function, thus promoting heart‐failure. Therefore, in an 83‐year‐old edoxaban‐treated AF‐patient with ICH and CAA, only antihypertensive therapy with neither AP/AC nor LAAC was recommended. Twenty‐seven months without stroke/ICH support this strategy, which needs confirmation by a randomized‐trial.