bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct to Angiosuite in Acute Stroke with Mobile Stroke Unit
Authors: Nair Radhika , Rempel Jeremy , Khan Khurshid , Jeerakathil Thomas , Van Dijk Rene , Buck Brian H. , Kate Mahesh P. , Thirunavukkarasu Sibi , Gilbertson Kimberly , Thermalingem Sathvika , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT:Background:Early reperfusion has the best likelihood for a favorable outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Our experience with mobile stroke unit (MSU) for direct to angiosuite (DTAS) transfer in AIS patients with suspected LVO is presented.Methods:Retrospective review of prospectively collected data from November 2019 to August 2022, of patients evaluated and transferred by the University of Alberta Hospital MSU and moved to angiosuite for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).Result:A total of 41 cases were included. Nine were chosen for DTAS and 32 were shifted to angiosuite after stopping for computed tomography (CT) angiography of the head and neck (no-DTAS). Stroke severity measured by NIHSS (median with interquartile range (IQR)) was higher in patients of DTAS, 22 (14–24) vs 14.5 (5–25) in no-DTAS (p = 0.001). The non-contrast CT head in MSU showed hyperdense vessels in 8 (88.88%) DTAS vs 11 (34.35%) no-DTAS patients (p = 0.003). The EVT timelines (median with IQR, 90th percentile) including “door to artery puncture time” were 31 (23–50, 49.2) vs 79 (39–264, 112.8) minutes, and “door to recanalization time” was 69 (49–110, 93.2) vs 105.5 (52–178, 159.5) minutes in DTAS vs no-DTAS group, respectively. The workflow times were significantly shorter in the DTAS group (p < 0.001). Eight (88.88%) out of 9 DTAS patients had LVO and underwent thrombectomy.Conclusions:MSU for DTAS in patients with high NIHSS scores, cortical signs, and CT showing hyperdense vessel is an effective strategy to reduce the EVT workflow time.
What Do Incels Want? Explaining Incel Violence Using Beauvoirian Otherness
Authors: Melo Lopes Filipa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, online “involuntary celibate” or “incel” communities have been linked to various deadly attacks targeting women. Why do these men react to romantic rejection with not just disappointment, but murderous rage? Feminists have claimed this is because incels desire women as objects or, alternatively, because they feel entitled to women's attention. I argue that both of these explanatory models are insufficient. They fail to account for incels’ distinctive ambivalence toward women—for their oscillation between obsessive desire and violent hatred. I propose instead that what incels want is a Beauvoirian “Other.” For Beauvoir, when men conceive of women as Others, they represent them as simultaneously human subjects and embodiments of the natural world. Women function then as sui generis entities through which men can experience themselves as praiseworthy heroes, regardless of the quality of their actions. I go on to give an illustrative analysis of Elliot Rodger's autobiographical manifesto, “My Twisted World.” I show how this Beauvoirian model sheds light on Rodger's racist and classist attitudes and gives us a better understanding of his ambivalence toward women. It therefore constitutes a powerful and overlooked theoretical alternative to accounts centered on objectification and entitlement.
A qualitative evaluation of frontline clinician perspectives toward antibiotic stewardship programs
Authors: Tjilos Maria , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Burrowes Shana A. B. , Butler Jorie M. , Damschroder Laura J. , Bidwell Goetz Matthew , Madaras-Kelly Karl , Reardon Caitlin M. , Samore Matthew H. , Shen Jincheng , Stenehjem Edward A. , Zhang Yue , Barlam Tamar F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:To examine the perspectives of caregivers that are not part of the antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) leadership team (eg, physicians, nurses, and clinical pharmacists), but who interact with ASPs in their role as frontline healthcare workers.Design:Qualitative semistructured interviews.Setting:The study was conducted in 2 large national healthcare systems including 7 hospitals in the Veterans’ Health Administration and 4 hospitals in Intermountain Healthcare.Participants:We interviewed 157 participants. The current analysis includes 123 nonsteward clinicians: 47 physicians, 26 pharmacists, 29 nurses, and 21 hospital leaders.Methods:Interviewers utilized a semistructured interview guide based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), which was tailored to the participant’s role in the hospital as it related to ASPs. Qualitative analysis was conducted using a codebook based on the CFIR.Results:We identified 4 primary perspectives regarding ASPs. (1) Non-ASP pharmacists considered antibiotic stewardship activities to be a high priority despite the added burden to work duties: (2) Nurses acknowledged limited understanding of ASP activities or involvement with these programs; (3) Physicians criticized ASPs for their restrictions on clinical autonomy and questioned the ability of antibiotic stewards to make recommendations without the full clinical picture; And (4) hospital leaders expressed support for ASPs and recognized the unique challenges faced by non-ASP clinical staff.Conclusion:Further understanding these differing perspectives of ASP implementation will inform possible ways to improve ASP implementation across clinical roles.
Crinoid calyx origin from stem radial echinoderms
Authors: Guensburg Thomas E. , Mooi Rich , Mongiardino Koch Nicolás 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvidence from the earliest-known crinoids (Tremadocian, Early Ordovician), called protocrinoids, is used to hypothesize initial steps by which elements of the calyx evolved. Protocrinoid calyces are composed of extraxial primary and surrounding secondary plates (both of which have epispires along their sutures) that are unlike those of more crownward fossil and extant crinoids in which equivalent calycinal plating is strongly organized. These reductions inspired several schemes by which to name the plates in these calyces. However, the primary-secondary systems seen in protocrinoids first appeared among Cambrian stem radial echinoderms, with primaries representing centers around which secondaries were sequentially added during ontogeny. Therefore, the protocrinoid calyx represents an intermediate condition between earliest echinoderms and crownward crinoids. Position and ontogeny indicate certain primaries remained as loss of secondaries occurred, resulting in abutting of primaries into the conjoined alternating circlets characteristic of crinoids. This transformative event included suppression of secondary plating and modification or, more commonly, elimination of respiratory structures. These data indicate subradial calyx plate terminology does not correspond with most common usage, but rather, supports an alternative redefinition of these traditional expressions. Extension and adoral growth of fixed rays during calyx ontogeny preceded conjoined primaries in earliest crinoids. Restriction with modification or elimination of calyx respiratory structures also accompanied this modification. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support crinoid origination from early pentaradiate echinoderms, separate from blastozoans. Accordingly, all Tremadocian crinoids express a distinctive aggregate of plesiomorphic and apomorphic commonalities; all branch early within the crinoid clade, separate from traditional subclass-level clades. Nevertheless, each taxon within this assemblage expresses at least one diagnostic apomorphy of camerate, cladid, or disparid clades.
GR as a classical spin-2 theory?
Authors: Linnemann Niels , Smeenk Chris , Baker Mark Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe self-interaction spin-2 approach to general relativity (GR) has been extremely influential in the particle physics community. Leaving no doubt regarding its heuristic value, we argue that a view of the metric field of GR as nothing but a stand-in for a self-coupling field in flat spacetime runs into a dilemma: either the view is physically incomplete in so far as it requires recourse to GR after all, or it leads to an absurd multiplication of alternative viewpoints on GR rendering any understanding of the metric field as nothing but a spin-2 field in flat spacetime unjustified.
CHTHONIC DISRUPTION IN LYCOPHRON'SALEXANDRA
Authors: Warwick Celsiana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that Lycophron'sAlexandrafollows earlier texts in presenting challenges to Agamemnon's power as metaphorical re-enactments of primordial theogonic conflicts between Zeus and the forces of chaos. TheAlexandrafigures Agamemnon as Zeus and portrays Achilles, Clytemnestra and Cassandra as chthonic monsters opposed to the Olympian order. Employing intertexts with epic and tragedy, the poem highlights these figures’ symbolic antagonism with Agamemnon–Zeus and their connections to each other. It presents a radically resystematized vision of the cosmos that champions the chthonic, the disordered and the feminine over the Olympian, the ordered and the masculine. Cassandra uses this backdrop to reinterpret her own story, inserting herself into the cosmogonic narrative as a resister of Olympian patriarchy who triumphs over masculine domination.
Sunscreening pigments shape the horizontal distribution of pendent hair lichens in the lower canopy of unmanaged coniferous forests
Authors: Gauslaa Yngvar , Goward Trevor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHair lichens are distinctive for their capillary growth and typically arboreal occurrence, especially in temperate and boreal forests. They consist of two morphogroups based on cortical pigments: a brown-black group with fungal melanin and a pale yellow-green group with usnic acid. Here we test the hypothesis that these morphogroups are ecologically distinct and thus appropriately regarded as functional groups. We examine their respective horizontal occurrence in the lower canopy of 60-year-old conifer forests on a 250 m tall volcanic cone in south-central British Columbia. Trees on open south-facing slopes and near the summit were found to support mainly melanic hair lichens(BryoriaandNodobryoria), whereas more densely spaced trees on north-facing slopes and at the base had higher cover values of usnic lichens (especiallyAlectoria sarmentosaandRamalina thrausta). The cover of melanic hair lichens was strongly correlated with canopy openness but not for their usnic counterparts. We suggest that investment in light-absorbing melanic pigments is an extreme form of specialization for high light, favouring persistence in dry, sun-exposed canopies of otherwise cool forests. By contrast, the cortex of pendent usnic hair lichens appears to facilitate optimum light transmission to underlying photobionts in shaded sites, though at the cost of sensitivity to light in open habitats, especially in rather dry regions.
Do the negative symptoms of schizophrenia reflect reduced responsiveness to reward? Examination using a reward prediction error (RPE) task
Authors: Fuentes-Claramonte Paola , Garcia-Leon Maria Angeles , Salgado-Pineda Pilar , Ramiro Núria , Soler-Vidal Joan , Torres Maria Llanos , Cano Ramon , Argila-Plaza Isabel , Panicali Francesco , Sarri Carmen , Jaurrieta Núria , Sánchez Manel , Boix-Quintana Ester , Albacete Auria , Maristany Teresa , Sarró Salvador , Raduà Joaquim , McKenna Peter J. , Salvador Raymond , Pomarol-Clotet Edith 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundA leading theory of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is that they reflect reduced responsiveness to rewarding stimuli. This proposal has been linked to abnormal (reduced) dopamine function in the disorder, because phasic release of dopamine is known to code for reward prediction error (RPE). Nevertheless, few functional imaging studies have examined if patients with negative symptoms show reduced RPE-associated activations.MethodsMatched groups of DSM-5 schizophrenia patients with high negative symptom scores (HNS, N = 27) or absent negative symptoms (ANS, N = 27) and healthy controls (HC, N = 30) underwent fMRI scanning while they performed a probabilistic monetary reward task designed to generate a measure of RPE.ResultsIn the HC, whole-brain analysis revealed that RPE was positively associated with activation in the ventral striatum, the putamen, and areas of the lateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex, among other regions. Group comparison revealed no activation differences between the healthy controls and the ANS patients. However, compared to the ANS patients, the HNS patients showed regions of significantly reduced activation in the left ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and in the right lingual and fusiform gyrus. HNS and ANS patients showed no activation differences in ventral striatal or midbrain regions-of-interest (ROIs), but the HNS patients showed reduced activation in a left orbitofrontal cortex ROI.ConclusionsThe findings do not suggest that a generalized reduction of RPE signalling underlies negative symptoms. Instead, they point to a more circumscribed dysfunction in the lateral frontal and possibly the orbitofrontal cortex.
Work and earning in the nineteenth century: Townley Colliery as a case study
Authors: Solomon Guy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article demonstrates the varied and unpredictable nature of earning in the nineteenth century. Using 12,000 fortnightly pay entries from Townley Main Colliery in the north-east of England as a case study, it explores the extent to which the availability of work fluctuated between years, and how workers reacted to this phenomenon. It then considers the frequency with which these individuals undertook the work which was available, and discusses the implications for our understanding of the length of the working year.
Plea Leniency and Prosecution Centredness in China's Criminal Process
Authors: He Xin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChina's criminal proceedings have been recognized as being “investigation centred.” I argue that the rise of the Plea Leniency System has led to “prosecution centredness.” Analysis of the operation and consequences of plea leniency shows how the procuratorate has overshadowed the police and further marginalized the courts. In plea leniency, the defendant has little chance of being acquitted and the legal profession provides little defence. While this paradigm shift signals further leniency in criminal justice, rights protections make way for efficiency and crime control. As such, plea leniency has profound implications for the operation of the criminal justice apparatuses, defendants, defence lawyers, and the mode of crime control in China.
Antiquities trafficking in conflict countries: A crime-mapping approach
Authors: Suber David Leone , Mazzali Luca , Heins Guido Thomas , Matteoni Pietro , Tiberio Marco , Zolghadriha Sanaz , Bradford Ben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudies on antiquities trafficking have often been overshadowed by research looking at the trafficking of human beings, drugs, and weapons, a fact partly motivated by the arguably higher relevance and greater security implications involved in these other forms of illicit trade. However, the past decade of conflicts in the Middle East has revived an interest in the study of antiquities trafficking networks.1 The association between the growing size of the illicit antiquities market and conflicts in the region did not go unnoticed by crime scientists and criminologists looking deeper at the relation between the trafficking of antiquities and transnational organized crime.2
Current Evidence for Infection Prevention and Control Interventions in Emergency Medical Services: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jenkins J. Lee , Hsu Edbert B. , Zhang Allen , Wilson Lisa M. , Russell Anna , Bass Eric B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence from the United States on the effectiveness of practices and interventions for preventing, recognizing, and controlling occupationally acquired infectious diseases in Emergency Medical Service (EMS) clinicians.Report and Methods:PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and SCOPUS were searched from January 1, 2006 through March 15, 2022 for studies in the United States that involved EMS clinicians and firefighters, reported on one or more workplace practices or interventions that prevented or controlled infectious diseases, and included outcome measures. Eleven (11) observational studies reported on infection prevention and control (IPC) practices providing evidence that hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and on-site vaccine clinics are effective. Less frequent handwashing (survey-weight adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 17.27) and less frequent hand hygiene after glove use (survey-weight adjusted OR 10.51; 95% CI, 2.54 to 43.45) were positively correlated with nasal colonization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) or PPE breach were correlated with higher severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositivity (unadjusted risk ratio [RR] 4.2; 95% CI, 1.03 to 17.22). Workers were more likely to be vaccinated against influenza if their employer offered the vaccine (unadjusted OR 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 8.3). Active, targeted education modules for H1N1 influenza were effective at increasing vaccination rates and the success of on-site vaccine clinics.Conclusions:Evidence from the United States exists on the effectiveness of IPC practices in EMS clinicians, including hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and vaccine clinics. More research is needed on the effectiveness of PPE and vaccine acceptance.
Undergraduates and Political Science Research: Insights from Research Assistants in a Minority-Serving Institution Lab
Authors: Velásquez Zabdi R. , Esmail Jasmine , Stoltz Harry , Turkmen Fulya Felicity , Kuffuor Owura , Burnett John , Pizarro Naia , Aguilar Kimberly , Wang Allison , Kozak Alex , Park Eun-A , Dionne Kim Yi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThis study examines undergraduate research experiences at a minority-serving institution (MSI) in a political science laboratory. Students contributed to projects in a collaborative research lab at the University of California Riverside that involves undergraduate and graduate students in projects related to health and politics. Adopting a participatory approach to research, the study’s research participants also are coauthors who co-created the research protocols; collected the data; transcribed, coded, and analyzed the data; and wrote up the findings. Our analysis of 12 in-depth interviews with current and former undergraduate research assistants (RAs) found that their work in the lab challenged their perceptions of what research is and what it means to do research; shaped their path to pursue graduate studies; developed their social and professional skills; and offered an inclusive and humanizing experience with graduate students and faculty members. Challenges that the RAs mentioned included time management, bureaucratic accounting and payroll procedures, and feelings of self-doubt; the lab’s culture of inclusion and independence mitigated some of these challenges. Our findings align with the scholarly literature that suggests collaborative research opportunities can have beneficial outcomes, particularly for students from groups that are underrepresented in doctoral programs.
Experiences of being a severely ill parent of dependent children receiving care at home: Hopes and challenges
Authors: Holm Maja , Lövgren Malin , Alvariza Anette , Eklund Rakel , Kreicbergs Ulrika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesMultiple studies have focused on severely ill patients in the role as parents of dependent children, yet few have explored the thoughts and feelings within this group during palliative home care.MethodsThis qualitative study derives from a pilot intervention study, the Family Talk Intervention (FTI), in specialized palliative home care. The FTI is a support program with the main goal to increase family communication about illness-related topics. The study is based on field notes from 104 sessions with 20 parents taken by an interventionist during intervention delivery. The field notes were analyzed using the principles of qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe field notes revealed several challenging situations for parents with severe illness. A major issue was how to find ways to talk to their children about their illness and prognosis. The parents expressed guilt for being unable to fulfill their roles as parents and partners. Existing family conflicts had escalated with the illness, according to some parents. Despite being affected by illness, parents tried to have hope, if only for small things – such as a period of ordinary family life.Significance of resultsSeverely ill parents in specialized palliative home care seek support regarding how to communicate and stay connected to their roles in the family, which is a struggle when a parent is cared for at home, while it in contrast may promote normality and hope. Communication with children is vital and needs to be brought to the attention of health-care professionals. A family-centered focus, involving both parents and children, should be embraced.
Systemic Financial Risk Arising From Residential Flood Losses
Authors: Thomson Hope , Zeff Harrison B. , Kleiman Rachel , Sebastian Antonia , Characklis Gregory W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDirect damage from flooding at residential properties has typically been categorized as insured, with liabilities accruing to insurers, or uninsured, with costs accruing to property owners. However, residential flooding can also expose lenders and local governments to financial risk, though the distribution of this risk is not well understood. Flood losses are not limited to direct damages, but also include indirect effects such as decreases in property values, which can be substantial, though are rarely well quantified. The combination of direct damage and property value decrease influences rates of mortgage default and property abandonment in the wake of a flood, creating financial risk. In this research, property‐level data on sales, mortgages, and insurance claims are used in combination with machine learning techniques and geostatistical methods to provide estimates of flood losses that are then utilized to evaluate the risk of default and abandonment in eastern North Carolina following Hurricane Florence (2018). Within the study area, Hurricane Florence generated $366M in observed insured damages and an estimated $1.77B in combined uninsured damages and property value decreases. Property owners, lenders, and local governments were exposed to an additional $562M in potential losses due to increased rates of default and abandonment. Areas with lower pre‐flood property values were exposed to greater risk than areas with higher valued properties. Results suggest more highly resolved estimates of a flooding event's systemic financial risk may be useful in developing improved flood resilience strategies.