bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swin-YOLOv3 Improving YOLOv3 network for grain insects detection
Authors: Zhu Chunhua , Liang Jiarui , Zhou Fei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low target detection rate and high false alarm rate originating from incomplete edge target, blurred target and overlapping target in grain insect image, one improved YOLOv3, reffered as Swin-YOLOv3, is presented. In the traditional YOLOv3, the receptive field of the ResNet feature extraction network is limited and powerless when facing the smaller grain insect target, and its sensitivity to the local detail features is also poorer. Thus, the Swin Transformer block structure is introduced to increase the receptive field by the shift window operation and enhance the communication ability between network layers, so as to obtain more local feature information; Besides, due to the diversity of grain insects, the difference of their shapes and sizes inevitably causes the conflicts between features at different levels. These conflicts interfere with the gradient calculation in the training process, reducing the effectiveness of the feature pyramid in the traditional YOLOv3 feature fusion module. Adaptive Spatial Feature Fusion(ASFF) has the advantage of adaptive multi-scale feature fusion, thereby, the ASFF is adopted to fuse the features of each layer and adjust them to the same resolution, besides, the optimal fusion can be obtained through training; finally, the downsampled ResNet residual block in the traditional YOLOv3 is replaced by the RepVGG structure, which adapts the convolution layer of the straight tube single path structure with a high degree of parallelism, so that the memory occupancy of the network can be increased obviously and the network training and detection speed is improved accordingly. The experimental results show that, in the public AI insect identification dataset, the mean precision (mAP) of the proposed Swin-YOLOv3 is 89.9%, which is 12.2% and 5.6% higher than the tranditional YOLOv3 and the YOLOv5, respectively; In the self-made dense grain insect dataset, the mAP of the proposed Swin-YOLOv3 is 77.1%, which is 12.4%, 3.8% and 4.6% higher than the traditional YOLOv3, the Swin Transformer and the YOLOv5, respectively; moreover, the proposed Swin-YOLOv3 has a higher detection speed of 36 frames/second.
Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Child-rearing Gender-role Attitudes and its Influence on Gender Roles in Single-parent Families
Authors: Chen I-Jun , Wang Xiaoxiao , Sun Zhiyin , Yang Mengping , Tang panlin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The development of children’s gender roles in single-parent families is worthy of attention. It may be affected by family members’ gender roles and parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (PCGA). PCGA will form a consistent or inconsistent intergenerational relationship between grandparents and parents.Objective This study examined the intergenerational similarities in gender roles and PCGA. Also, the intergenerational transmission of parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (ITPCGA) in single-parent families, and the impact of various family factors on children’s gender roles were comprehensively considered.Method Participants were 550 single-parent parent-adolescent dyads. Gender-role Scale and Parental Child-rearing Gender-role Attitude Scale were used to evaluate evaluated participants’ gender-role and PCGA. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the intergenerational similarities in gender roles and PCGA, and the influencing family factors of ITPCGA and children’s gender roles.Results The intergenerational similarities of gender role types and PCGA types were existed. Both parent’s gender roles and family gender pairs affected ITPCGA, father-daughter families and parents’ undifferentiated and sex-typed gender roles significantly predicted undesirable ITPCGA. Family gender pair, parent’s gender roles and ITPCGA types affected children’s gender roles. Undesirable ITPCGA significantly predicted children’s undifferentiated gender roles; father-daughter families and mother-son families, parents’ undifferentiated and sex-typed gender roles significantly predicted children’s sex-typed gender roles, and mother-son families and parents’ reversed gender roles significantly predicted children’s reversed gender role.Conclusions This study highlights the effects of single-parent family gender pairs and parents’ gender roles on ITPCGA, which influences the development of children’s gender roles.
Analysis of global Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) collections reveals high genetic diversity among genotypes with some redundancy between collections
Authors: Muktar Meki , Bizuneh Tadelech , Anderson William , Assefa Yilikal , Negawo Alemayehu T. , Teshome Abel , Habte Ermias , Muchugi Alice , Feyissa Tileye , Jones Chris S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Genetic diversity amongst genotypes of several Napier grass collections was analyzed and compared with the diversity in a set of open pollinated progeny plants. A total of 114,886 SNP and 46,293 SilicoDArT genome-wide markers were generated on 574 Napier grass genotypes. Of these, 89% of the SNP and 76% of the SilicoDArT markers were mapped onto the fourteen chromosomes of the Napier grass genome. For genetic diversity analysis, a subset of highly polymorphic and informative SNP markers, filtered using a maximum of 10% missing values, a minimum minor allele frequency of 5%, and a maximum linkage-disequilibrium value of 0.5, from those mapped across the Napier grass genome was used. Extensive genetic variability, with an average Nei’s genetic distance value of 0.23, was identified in the material. The genotypes clustered into three major and eleven sub-clusters with high levels of genetic variation contained both within (54%) and between (46%) clusters. However, we found that there was low to moderate genetic differentiation among the collections and some overlap and redundancy occurred between collections. The progeny plants were genetically diverse and diverged from the germplasm collections, with an average FST value of 0.08. The findings of this study offer useful information for Napier grass breeding strategies, enhancement of genetic diversity, and provide a guide for the management and conservation of the collections.
Factors Predicting Pathological Upstaging of Gastric Low-Grade Dysplasia Post Endoscopic Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Fangning , Chou Shutong , Li Peng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Some lesions of gastric low-grade dysplasia (LGD) or low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) on forceps biopsy (FB) are diagnosed as gastric cancer or high-grade dysplasia (HGD)/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) after endoscopic resection. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the risk factors that predict pathological upstaging to HGD/HGIN or LGD/LGIN in FB.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science for observational studies that included the terms “risk factor,” “low-grade dysplasia,” or “low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.”
Results
We identified 15 studies on pathologic upstaging associated with 5 different risk factors: erythema, lesion diameter, depressed lesions, nodularity, and lesion location. We observed that factors that significantly increase the risk of early diagnosis of pathological stages included erythema (Odds Ratio [OR], 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94–4.25), lesion diameters (OR, 2.50; 95%CI, 1.85–3.371), depressed lesions (OR, 1.61; 95%CI, 1.00– 2.59), and nodularity (OR, 2.95; 95%CI, 1.81– 4.811). A significant risk reduction factor was lesions located in the middle 1/3 of the stomach (OR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.60– 0.93). No significant associations were detected between the pathological upstaging diagnosis and Helicobacter pylori infection status and ulceration.
Conclusion
Several endoscopic factors, including lesion diameter and surface morphology, are associated with the pathologic upstaging of LGD/LGIN on pre-treatment forceps biopsy. These findings enhance our understanding of lesion diagnosis of LGD/LGIN using forceps biopsy.
Prevalence and Morphological Analysis of Isthmuses in Mandibular Molars of Indian Population: A Micro-Computed Tomographic Study
Authors: Lavanya A , Tewari Rajendra K , Ali Sajid , Mahajan Puneet , Yusufi Faiz Noor Khan , Zoya Asma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study evaluated the prevalence, configurations, and correlation of isthmuses at coronal, middle, and apical root thirds in mandibular molars of the Indian population using micro-computed tomography.
Materials & Methods
105 permanent mandibular molar teeth were scanned under micro-CT. The axial sections were analyzed at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root for isthmus types and classified according to Hsu and Kim's classification. Descriptive statistics for each isthmus type were calculated. The correlations between the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of the root were determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Results
Type IV isthmus was most common in the coronal third of mesial root of mandibular first molar (42.9%), while type V was prevalent in coronal third of mesial root of second molar (42.9%). Type I isthmus was found to be highly prevalent in the middle third (71.4%) and apical third (61.9%) of mesial roots of first molars, and in the middle third (71.4%) and apical third (42.9%) of mesial roots of second molars. Type V isthmus was the most prevalent in all the thirds of the distal roots of both first and second molars, ranging from 40–50%. Also, a strong correlation of 0.965 (P < 0.01) was found between the isthmuses in the apical and middle thirds of roots.
Conclusion
There are variations in the prevalence and type of isthmuses across different sections of the root, including the presence of atypical isthmuses. Micro-CT with high-resolution imaging and 3D reconstruction is crucial for investigating root canal morphology. Clinicians could benefit from considering demographic characteristics to better predict the presence of isthmus variations.
Clinical relevance:
The isthmus configurations and frequency differs at each section of mandibular teeth.
Morphometric Micro-CT Study of Contralateral Mandibular Incisors
Authors: Sevgi Usame , Johnsen Gaute Floer , Hussain Badra , Piasecki Lucila , Nogueira Liebert Parreiras , Haugen Håvard Jostein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine the degree of similarity and symmetry in the anatomy of contralateral mandibular incisors. Three-dimensional (3D) models of extracted teeth were obtained from microtomography (micro-CT) scans. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of the morphology and comparison of contralateral pairs were made. The null hypothesis was that contralateral mandibular incisors could not be considered identical in simple morphometric measurements.
Methods
Sixty pairs of mandibular incisors were extracted from 30 patients and scanned with micro-CT. Virtual models of the cemento-enamel junction to the root apex were rendered. Parameters such as length, canal width, dentinal thicknesses, tortuosity, centerline length, accessory canals, root canal configurations, and root canal orifice cross sections were used to compare the teeth. Width and thickness comparisons between paired teeth in the same individual were made by paired t-test (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for variables not normally distributed). An online randomization tool generated randomized pairs (independent of the individual/patient). Subsequently, an unpaired t-test (or Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed parameters) and a correlation analysis were conducted. Canal configurations were classified according to preexisting classification schemes. The number and location of accessory canals and apical foramina were registered and compared.
Results
Contralateral mandibular incisors showed high similarity in the selected linear parameters (lengths, widths, and thicknesses). The apical third showed a high degree of inter-variability for the contralateral pairs. The comprehensive statistical analysis of the normalized parameters by Z score showed no statistically significant differences between the contralateral mandibular incisors.
Conclusions
The findings of this study further establish the significant similarities between contralateral mandibular incisors, reinforcing their suitability as a reliable substrate for root canal comparison studies.
A Universal Framework for Accurate and Efficient Geometric Deep Learning of Molecular Systems
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Liu Yang , Xie Lei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Molecular sciences address a wide range of problems involving molecules of different types and sizes and their complexes. Recently, geometric deep learning, especially Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), has shown promising performance in molecular science applications. However, most existing works often impose targeted inductive biases to a specific molecular system, and are inefficient when applied to macromolecules or large-scale tasks, thereby limiting their applications to many real-world problems. To address these challenges, we present PAMNet, a universal framework for accurately and efficiently learning the representations of three-dimensional (3D) molecules of varying sizes and types in any molecular system. Inspired by molecular mechanics, PAMNet induces a physics-informed bias to explicitly model local and non-local interactions and their combined effects. As a result, PAMNet can reduce expensive operations, making it time and memory efficient. In extensive benchmark studies, PAMNet outperforms state-of-the-art baselines regarding both accuracy and efficiency in three diverse learning tasks: small molecule properties, RNA 3D structures, and protein-ligand binding affinities. Our results highlight the potential for PAMNet in a broad range of molecular science applications.
Investigation of the effect of laser energy density on selective laser sintering of PA12 using a multi-physics field simulation method
Authors: Li Mei , Zhao Ze , Yang Qiang , Wei Yuan , Li Junchao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) polymer powders involve multi-physical field transient phenomena that are critical to the optimization of SLS process parameters, but challenging to observe experimentally. In this study, a two-dimensional multi-physics field simulation method was used to couple the thermal-force-flow fields involved in SLS. Laser energy density was introduced to characterize the interaction between process parameters such as laser power and scanning speed, and the free surface evolution, material migration, and molten pool evolution of nylon 12 (PA12) at different energy densities were thoroughly investigated. Accordingly, the optimal process parameters for SLS were determined as laser energy density of 0.08 J/mm2, i.e., laser power 12 W, scanning pitch 0.12 mm and scanning speed 1500 mm/s. The same process parameters were then used to validate the simulation model. Experimental results show that the density, cross-sectional profile and compression property are also the optimal with the same energy density of 0.08 J/mm2. Full agreement with the simulation results indicates that the multi-physics simulation method provides an effective approach for SLS parameter optimization.
Effect of Aziridino[60]fullerenes on Thermal Stability of Nitrocellulose
Authors: Xiong Jie , Feng Shuang , Peng Rufang , Jin Bo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A series of aziridino[60]fullerenes was synthesized by the reaction of octabromo[60]fullerene with various anilines. Their ability to absorb free radicals and acid gases was studied, and their potential applications as stabilizers in nitrocellulose-containing propellants were discussed. The structure of aziridino[60]fullerenes was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, NMR, HRMS, FT-IR, and UV-vis. The compatibilities of aziridino[60]fullerenes with nitrocellulose and their stabilization effect on nitrocellulose were evaluated by methyl violet, differential thermal analysis, isothermal weight loss, and vacuum stability test methods. The results reveal that aziridino[60]fullerenes have more excellent compatibility and stability than the traditional stabilizers DPA and C2. Moreover, their stabilization mechanism was studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The results show that aziridino[60]fullerenes could effectively eliminate the nitrogen oxides released by nitrocellulose autocatalysis, and they could be used as a new stabilizer for nitrocellulose-containing propellants.
AraSpell: A Deep Learning Approach for Arabic Spelling Correction
Authors: Salhab Mahmoud , Abu-Khzam Faisal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Spelling correction is the task of identifying spelling mistakes, typos, and grammatical mistakes in a given text and correcting them according to their context and grammatical structure. This work introduces "AraSpell," a framework for Arabic spelling correction using different seq2seq model architectures such as Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Transformer with artificial data generation for error injection, trained on more than 6.9 Million Arabic sentences. Thorough experimental studies provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which achieved 4.8% and 1.11% word error rate (WER) and character error rate (CER), respectively, in comparison with labeled data of 29.72% WER and 5.03% CER. Our approach achieved 2.9% CER and 10.65% WER in comparison with labeled data of 10.02% CER and 50.94% WER. Both of these results are obtained on a test set of 100K sentences.
Anemia in patients ≥75 years with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: An important poor prognostic factor in the international metastatic renal cell carcinoma database consortium model
Authors: Mizuno Ryuichi , Yasumizu Yota , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Takeda Toshikazu , Morita Shinya , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Kosaka Takeo , Asanuma Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Due to an increase in life expectancy, the incidence of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in patients aged ≥75 years has been increasing. In this study we investigated the characteristics before treatment and the outcomes of systemic therapies for patients aged ≥75 years with mRCC and compared the results with those for patients aged <75years in order to determine whether differences in age influenced survival.
Methods
A total of 206 consecutive Japanese patients with mRCC, including 47 patients aged ≥75 years, who received systemic therapy were included. Clinical data from medical records were retrieved and analyzed retrospectively. Survival analyses were determined using a Kaplan–Meier method, and analyzed with a log-rank test.
Results
Elderly patients categorized as favorable risk group based on the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) stratification system were significantly lower. Among IMDC risk factors, the rate of anemia was significantly higher in elderly patients. No statistically significant benefit in progression free survival for first and second line treatment was observed, whereas improvements in overall survival as well as cancer specific survival were seen in patients aged <75 years.
Conclusions
For mRCC patients aged ≥75 years, a higher proportion of base line anemia, which resulted in higher rates of IMDC intermediate/poor risk, would be responsible for shorter OS/CSS. Furthermore, mRCC patients aged ≥75 years tend to receive BSC instead of second line active treatment. Overcoming under-treatment in elderly patients might help to prolong survival in mRCC.
Pathogenicity of the genus Colletotrichum from fruit rot and healthy flowers in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan and identification of C. nagasakiense sp. nov.
Authors: Takata Yoshiki , Komine Masayuki , Uchikawa Keisuke , Nozawa Shunsuke , Watanabe Kyoko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Colletotrichum is the second most common pathogen that causes loquat fruit rot in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan. To clarify the anthracnose disease cycle in loquat trees, pathogens were isolated from collected asymptomatic flowers and rotten fruits. The isolates were identified at the species level based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Nineteen isolates were obtained from 148 collected rotten fruits. The isolates were identified as C. fioriniae (12 isolates), C. nymphaeae (2 isolates), C. gloeosporioides (1 isolate), and four unidentified species. From 900 asymptomatic flowers, C. fioriniae (5 isolates), C. gloeosporioides (1 isolate), C. siamense (2 isolates), an unknown species (11 isolates) belonging to the acutatum species complex, and 2 were unidentified. All isolates exhibited pathogenic reactions to leaves and fruits. These results imply that C. fioriniae and C. gloeosporioides infect flowers and cause loquat fruit rot after maturation. However, those in other species remain unclear. We were unable to prove the reason for the differences in the composition of species in fruits and flowers and their proportions in this study. An isolate obtained from asymptomatic flowers that also cause anthracnose disease in loquat was identified as a novel species of Colletotrichum, and was named C. nagasakiense sp. nov.
Pandemic exposure, fear, and mobile phone dependence among adolescents: The buffering role of optimism
Authors: Wang Jingxi , Li Tianchang , Li Qian , Chen Bo , chen Zhanjie , Zhen Rui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Adolescents' fear of pandemic and concern about their health have led them to collected the information about the pandemic constantly, and increased their dependence on mobile phones, which have caused adverse effects on adolescents’ physical and mental health. But optimism may mitigate the effect of pandemic exposure on fear and reduce phone-dependent behavior. This study aimed to discuss the mediating role of fear and the moderating role of optimism in the relation between pandemic exposure and mobile phone dependence. Self-report questionnaires were used to investigate the physical and mental status among 938 adolescents. Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis and simple slope test were used for data analysis. Pandemic exposure was positively related to mobile phone dependence or in an indirect way through fear, in which optimism moderated the mechanism of pandemic exposure on fear, but optimism could not significantly moderate the impact of pandemic exposure on mobile phone dependence.
The spatial distribution and prognostic features of cell subtypes in primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xiaomei , Xie Bin , Li Hao , Lian Jinfeng , Chen Yanwen , Li Yao , Wei Wei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant and invasive disease with insidious onset. With the development of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma have been deeply analyzed. However, the overall spatial distribution and prognostic characteristics of some tumor subgroups and stromal cell subgroups have not been fully described in detail. We combined single-cell sequencing, bulk RNA transcriptome sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics to describe in detail the spatial distribution characteristics of various cell types in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as their relationship with prognosis. We found that the combination of different types of cell subgroups has a significant impact on patient survival. In addition, we also found that some cell subgroups have significant spatial distribution characteristics. These findings help us to understand the pathogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and potential clinical drug intervention targets more deeply.