bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appraisal of awareness of medical staff about preoperative patient blood management in Saudi Arabia: questionnaire based study
Authors: Hakami Nora Y. , Almohammadi Nouf I. , Alqahtani Raghad A. , Alsayel Nouf A. , Felimban Raed I. , Hindawi Salwa I. , Elmosaad Yousif Mohammed , Alharithi Nahed S. , Hjazi Ahmed M , Waggiallah Hisham Ali 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients blood management (PBM) is a comprehensive approach to optimizing the care of patients who might need transfusion. It involves the use of evidence-based strategies to reduce or avoid the need for allogeneic blood transfusions, while ensuring that patients receive safe and appropriate care. PBM includes strategies such as preoperative autologous donation, intraoperative cell salvage, and minimally invasive techniques to reduce bleeding. The purpose of this study is to assess medical staff awareness of preoperative patient blood management in Saudi Arabia
Methods
Between April 2022 and July 2022, data was collected using a 10-minute online (Google Forms) self-administered, anonymous, researcher-structured questionnaire adapted from previous studies and translated into both English and Arabic. The questionnaire was divided into three sections. The first section contained sociodemographic data, while the second section was used to estimate physicians' and nurses' knowledge of preoperative PBM. Two questions in Part 3 of the questionnaire were used to assess doctors' and nurses' preoperative PBM attitudes and practices.
Results
The average relationship between patients' blood management attitudes and levels of awareness. It was revealed that there was a positive attitude (p ≤ 0.005) as well as a high level of awareness (p ≤ 0.002). The effect of job, gender, or geographical distribution on PBM awareness, attitude, and practice was not significant.
Conclusion
Despite the fact that the majority of participants have a positive attitude and good awareness of PBM, more efforts should be implemented to improve PBM awareness, which was linked to increased transfusion practices and lower product costs.
Activation, control and T-bet+ B cell-mediated immune surveillance of endogenous retroviruses
Authors: Rauch Eileen , Amendt Timm , Krol Aleksandra Lopez , Lang Fabian , Linse Vincent , Hohmann Michelle , Keim Ann-Christin , Kreutzer Susanne , Kawengian Kevin , Buchholz Malte , Duschner Philipp , Grauer Saskia , Schnierle Barbara , Ruhl Andreas , Burtscher Ingo , Dehnert Sonja , Paul Stephanie , Schnare Markus , Kaufmann Andreas , Winkler Thomas , Huber Magdalena , Bauer Stefan , Yu Philipp 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are an integral part of the mammalian genome. The role of immune control of ERVs in general is poorly defined as is their role as anti-cancer immune targets or drivers of autoimmune disease. Here, we generated mouse-strains where Moloney-Murine Leukemia Virus tagged with GFP (ERV-GFP) infected the murine germline. This enabled us to analyze the role of genetic, epigenetic and cell intrinsic restriction factors in ERV activation and control. We identified an autoreactive B cell response against the neo-self/ERV antigen GFP as a key mechanism of ERV control. Hallmarks of this response are spontaneous ERV-GFP+ germinal center formation, elevated serum IFN-γ levels and a dependency on T-bet+ B cells. Impairment of IgM B cell receptor-signal in nucleic-acid sensing TLR-deficient mice contributes to defective ERV control. Although ERVs are a part of the genome they break immune tolerance, induce immune surveillance against ERV-derived self-antigens and shape the hosts immune response.
Microstructure Phase Analysis and Process Optimization of ZL205A Metal Mold Casting
Authors: Huang Liang , Fang Yadong , Cao Yan , Wang Panfeng , Wang Chenfei , Wu Lili , Zakaria  
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The ammunition body drive structural parts are typical components in the weaponry industry, with large size and wall thickness, the parts need to bear large loads when working, so their internal filling quality and mechanical properties have quite strict acceptance criteria. In this paper, we take an elastomeric transmission structure part made of ZL205A alloy as the research object, and use the metal type gravity casting technology for casting trial production, analyze the quality and mechanical properties of the molded parts of ZL205A alloy parts under different process parameters, optimize the casting process parameters, get the optimal combination of process parameters, and obtain large ZL205A castings with less internal quality defects and high mechanical properties. To solve the current problem of immaturity of domestic casting process technology for this ZL205A alloy large parts and promote the development of China's weapon and equipment manufacturing industry in the direction of light weight.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 controls T cell exhaustion by regulating NFAT activation
Authors: Liu Wen-Hsien , Yubing Fu , Wang Jinjia , Liu Chenfeng , Liao Kunyu , Gao Xianjun , Tang Ronghan , Fan Binbin , Hong Yazhen , Xiao Nengming , Xiao Changchun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cellular immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells plays an indispensable role in clearance of bacteria and virus infection and cancers. However, persistent antigen stimulation of CD8+ T cells leads to an exhausted or dysfunctional state characterized by loss of effector function and highly expression of inhibitory receptors during chronic virus infection and in tumors. Numerous studies show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) controls the function and development in immune cells, but whether GSK3 exerts a function in CD8+ T cells is not clearly elucidated. Here we demonstrate that mice with deletion of Gsk3α and Gsk3β in activated CD8+ T cells (DKO) resulted in decreased CTL differentiation and their effector function during acute virus infection. In addition, DKO mice failed to control tumors due to increased expression of inhibitory receptors and augmented T cell exhaustion in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Strikingly, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy substantially restored tumor rejection in DKO mice. Mechanistically, GSK3 regulates T cell exhaustion by suppressing TCR-induced nuclear import of NFAT, thereby in turn dampening NFAT-mediated exhaustion-related gene expression, including TOX/TOX2 and PD-1. Thus, we uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying GSK3 regulation of CTL differentiation and T cell exhaustion in anti-tumor immune responses.
Development of O-ring Type Radiation Treatment Equipment Shielding Evaluation and Management Program
Authors: Choi Dong Hyeok , Ahn Sohyun , Kim Dong Wook , Choi Sang Hyoun , Kim Jin Sung 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of O-ring type linear accelerator shielding using a developed program (O-ring Type Radiation therapy Equipment Shielding Evaluation, ORSE) that automatically evaluates Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Radiation Therapy (DICOM RT) plan files and applies them to determine the adequacy of the shielding. The shielding evaluation was conducted for a total of four treatment rooms including Magnetic Resonance Linear Accelerator (MR-LINAC), Halcyon, Tomotherapy. The analysis was performed using the program that analyzed DICOM RT plan files of patients who received treatment for five days. The program obtained the IMRT factor, which considered the Monitor Unit (MU), and the use factor, which considered the gantry angle. Based on the National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements (NCRP)-151 report, shielding calculations were performed to determine the transmitted dose for each location behind the barrier, and the maximum number of treatable patients and the shield wall thickness were calculated based on patient data. To compare the results with the program, doses were measured over five days using a glass dosimeter for photon detection. The IMRT factors and Use factors obtained from patient data showed differences of up to 65.0% and 33.8%, respectively, compared to NCRP-151. Shielding evaluation conducted in each treatment room showed that the transmitted dose at every location was below 1% of the dose limit. The program results and detector results showed a maximum error of 0.003 mSv/week in transmitted dose. The ORSE program allows for the shielding evaluation results to the clinical environment of each institution based on patient data for the desired analysis period through straightforward manipulation.
Mortality and its predictors among mothers diagnosed with Postpartum Hemorrhage in Public Hospitals in Harari Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Eyeberu Addis , Yadeta Elias , Deressa Alemayehu , Alemu Addisu , Heluf Helina , mohamed Ahmed , Ahemed Fila , Beyene Andinet , Getachew Tamirat , Debella Adera , Birhanu Abdi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Despite hemorrhage being recognized as a top-ranked preventable obstetric complication that causes maternal mortality, its burden remains high. Furthermore, there is scarce information on the death contribution of postpartum hemorrhage in Eastern Ethiopia.
Thus, this study aimed to assess the mortality and its predictors among mothers diagnosed with postpartum Hemorrhage in public Hospitals in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort among women with postpartum hemorrhage in public hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia. All women with postpartum hemorrhage were followed for 11 years (from October 1/ 2012 to October 1/ 2022) retrospectively. Statistical analysis was conducted with STATA version 14. Kaplan–Meier curves together with a log rank test were used to estimate the survival time and showed the presence of differences among groups. Cox Proportional Hazard (CPH) model was used to determine the association between independent predictors and mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage.
Result: We found that the proportion of death among mothers with postpartum hemorrhage was 17.8 % (95%CI; 14.8%-21.3%). The median time to death was 2 days (IQR=1-3 days). The survival status of mothers diagnosed with postpartum hemorrhage declined to 75% on the 2nd day of admission, then after the survival chance remains relatively constant. Prolonged labor (AHR=19.16, 95%ci; 4.02-91.28), and being anemic (AHR=2.12; 95%CI; 1.10-4.09) were the
predictors of mortality among mothers with postpartum hemorrhage.
Conclusions: Around one out of five mothers died due to postpartum hemorrhage. Prolonged labor and the co-existence of anemia were significant predictors of mortality among mothers due to postpartum hemorrhage. Thus, emphasis has to be given to prevent and treat postpartum hemorrhage accordingly by improving the health care delivery system at all levels of health institutions, preventing prolonged labor, and working on the mothers to make them aware about
the possible risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage.
A comprehensive analysis of Notch signalling genes in breast cancer: Expression pattern and prognostic significance
Authors: Sofi Shazia , Qayoom Hina , Khaliq Nighat , Mir Manzoor Ahmad , Shah Mohd Zahoor ul Haq 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The most recurrent type of cancer among women is breast cancer which is an intricate disease with high intratumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. Such variability is a key factor in the failure of current treatments and the emergence of resistance. It is crucial to develop novel therapeutic options to enhance the prognosis for breast cancer patients due to the limitations of current therapy and the unavoidable formation of acquired drug resistance (chemo and endocrine) as well as radio resistance. Poor clinical results in the treatment of breast cancer that is resistant are associated with deregulated Notch signalling within the breast tumor and its tumor microenvironment (TME). In this research, a bioinformatics approach was used to check the expression pattern, the role, as well as the prognostic and diagnostic significance of the deregulated Notch-related genes in BC patients. The study demonstrates that highly dysregulated genes (NOTCH4, CCND1, JAG1, DLL1, MAML2, and EGFR) can be used as biomarkers to identify breast cancer patients with poor prognosis and as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The study found that 6 genes—NOTCH4, CCND1, JAG1, DLL1, MAML2, and EGFR—out of 22 tested genes showed a significant log2 fold change. Our study revealed that Luminal Breast Cancer patients display a high expression of the CCND1 gene in comparison to its expression in normal. The results of our study also depicted that the patients with elevated levels of NOTCH-related gene expression displayed better relapse-free survival with p < 0.05. Moreover, we analysed these deregulated notch genes that play an important role in various cellular and molecular processes. The study shows that these highly deregulated screened genes could be utilized as the Biomarkers that help to reveal poor prognosis and could act as targets for treating BC.
Populations across species ranges respond differently to habitat loss and fragment
Authors: HASUI ERICA , Martensen Alexandre Camargo , Uezu Alexandre , Pimentel Rafael Guerra , Ramos Flavio Nunes , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Context
Conservation strategies assume all species populations respond equally to habitat loss, but we investigated sensitivity patterns and tested two hypotheses: 1) equal sensitivity across the range or environmental suitability, and (2) highest sensitivity in range edge populations or at low environmental suitability. We also evaluated if species traits such as dispersal ability, habitat specialization, and range size were associated with sensitivity responses.
Methods
We studied the Brazilian Atlantic Forest across 179 landscape sites. We used two model types to analyze sensitivity to habitat transformations and performed a PCA and permutational MANOVA framework to link species traits to sensitivity patterns.
Results
Our study shows that populations within a species' range can have different patterns of sensitivity to habitat transformations. We found four sensitivity patterns, which were not related to species traits. Biogeographic and landscape factors interact to affect population abundances, resulting in antagonistic or synergistic effects. These interactions can change population responses to habitat transformations depending on their range position or environmental suitability.
Conclusions
The study found different patterns of sensitivity to habitat transformation within species. Conservationists should avoid generalizing species sensitivity without considering range position and environmental suitability. Wildlife managers should protect vulnerable areas along the range edge, especially for species sensitive to habitat transformations. For Atlantic Forest endemic species, the vulnerable areas are in the transition region between the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado.
Annual variation of red blood cell number and composition of erythroid cells in circulating blood and head kidney of golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus Risso, 1810)
Authors: Soldatov Aleksander A. , Rychkova Valentina N. , Kukhareva Tatyana A. , Rokotova Anna G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The changes in the number of erythrocytes in the blood and the production of erythrocytes by the hematopoietic tissue of the golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus Risso, 1810) during the annual cycle were studied. Catching and delivery of fish to the aquarium was carried out monthly. The content of immature erythroid forms was determined: pronormoblasts, basophilic and polychromatophilic normoblasts, in the head kidney (pronephros) and circulating blood. It has been established that the processes of erythropoiesis in the hematopoietic tissue of the golden grey mullet proceed irregularly. The active production of erythroid mass is mainly confined to the post-spawning period. This is evidenced by an increase in the content of immature erythroid forms in the head kidney and blood. This coincides with a general increase in the number of red blood cells in the circulation system and indicates a shift in the erythrocyte balance in favor of production processes. In the rest of the time, the processes are opposite. It is assumed that this is due to the peculiarities of the organization of the red blood system, which excludes the regular production of erythropoietin in the kidneys.
Inferring the temperature from planar velocity measurements in Rayleigh-Bénard convection by deep learning
Authors: Teutsch Philipp , Käufer Theo , Mäder Patrick , Cierpka Christian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The simultaneous, spatially- and temporally-resolved direct measurement of velocity and temperature fields in Rayleigh-Bénard experiments is laborious, expensive and sometimes not even feasible. Hence, we assess the capabilities of a deep learning model to support such measurements and reduce the necessary effort. Here, we use a u-net-based model to predict the temperature from the corresponding velocity field obtained from measurements in Rayleigh-Bénard convection at Pr = 7.1 and Ra = 2× 105, 4×105, 7×105. We conduct a hyper-parameter search and ablation study to ensure appropriate training convergence and test different architectural variations for the u-net. We define two application scenarios, one in which the u-net is trained with data of the same experimental run and one in which the u-net is trained on data of different Ra. Our analysis showed that the u-net can predict temperature fields similar to the measurement data and preserves typical spatial structure sizes. Moreover, the analysis of the heat transfer associated with the temperature fields unveiled that the results are physically reasonable and are in good agreement with the ground truth data when the u-net is trained with data of the same experimental run. We conclude that deep learning has the potential to supplement measurements and can partially replace the requirement of additional temperature measurements.
Predicting the probability of death within five years after surgery in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Huabin , Liu Yulan , Wang ZhongChang , Li Min , Zheng Chao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: This research aims to investigate the factors associated with mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients within five years after surgery and to develop nomograms to predict the probability of death within five years after surgery.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with CRC eligible for this retrospective cohort study between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. They were randomly divided intothe training set and the validation set. Random forest method and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with death within five years (survival time ≤ 60 months). Nomograms were developed to estimate the probability of cancer-specific death (CSD) and overall death (OD) in 5 years. The concordance index (C-Index), the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the calibration plot were utilized to evaluate the nomograms' discrimination and calibration capabilities. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical value of the nomograms.
Results: A total of 26459 eligible CRC patients were enrolled in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, histology, T stage, N stage, M stage, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were associated with death in CRC patients. The C-index of the nomogram for predicting CDS was 0.824 (0.818-0.829), and the C-index for predicting OD was 0.807 (0.801-0.814). The ROC curve demonstrated that the nomograms had a high capacity for discrimination. The calibration curve revealed that the predicted curve was exceptionally near the reference line, showing that the nomogram's calibration capacity was excellent. DCA demonstrated a net clinical advantage over TNM staging.
Conclusion: The nomograms can be used to predict the probability of death within five years after surgery for stage I-IV CRC. It is helpful for clinicians to identify high-risk populations, evaluate the prognosis of CRC patients, and customize targeted treatment plans for patients.
Metal oxide stabilized zirconia modified bio-derived carbon nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Abo-Zeid Menna , El-Moghny Muhammad Abd , Shawkey Heba , Daher Ahmed , Abdelkader Amr , El-Deab Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Zirconia is a promising candidate for many applications, especially when stabilized with metal oxide nanoparticles such as yttria and ceria. Zirconium oxide-based materials supported on carbon nanomaterials have shown excellent performance electrocatalysts due to their outstanding catalytic activities and high stability. In this work, a one-pot hydrothermal method was used to prepare porous stabilized zirconia nanoparticles with yttria and ceria (YSZ and CSZ) anchored on carbon nanosheets derived from molasses fiber waste as a sustainable source and annealing at various temperatures (MCNSs). The prepared composites YSZ/MCNSs and CSZ/MCNSs exhibit superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in alkaline medium. Various physicochemical analysis techniques such as SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, XRD and XPS are employed to characterize the designed catalysts. The results showed that the doping of molasses fibers exfoliated into 2D nanosheets controlled the growth of the YSZ particles into the nanosize and increased their crystallinity. This improves the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and stability, and modulates the electronic structure of zirconium, yttrium and cerium which facilitate the adsorption of OH- ions, and all contribute to the higher catalytic activity.
EXAM: Ex vivo allograft monitoring dashboard for the analysis of hypothermic machine perfusion data in deceased-donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Schwab Simon , Steck Hélène , Binet Isabelle , Elmer Andreas , Ender Wolfgang , Franscini Nicola , Haidar Fadi , Kuhn Christian , Sidler Daniel , Storni Federico , Krügel Nathalie , Immer Franz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Deceased-donor kidney allografts are exposed to injury during ex vivo transport due to the lack of blood oxygen supply. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is effective in reducing the risk of delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients compared to standard cold storage. However, there is no software implementation available to read, process and analyse HMP data for state-of-the-art visualization and quality control in an analytics dashboard.
Results: We implemented the tool EXAM (ex vivo allograft monitoring) which includes an interactive analytics dashboard. The backbone is a collection of functions in the R programming language to read, process and analyse HMP data from the LifePort kidney transporter (Organ Recovery Systems, USA). Time series for pressure, flow rate, organ resistance and temperature are visualized and relevant statistical indicators have been developed. We highlight a few showcases for data analysis and quality control.
Conclusions: Allograft monitoring during transport and retrospective HMP data analysis are essential for quality control and novel research. EXAM is freely available software written in the R programming language that can be easily deployed by statisticians and data scientists to enable quality control at transplant organizations that use LifePort kidney transporters. The open development enables collaboration to further extend EXAM, e.g. integrating data from other kidney transporters or even form other organs into a unified state-of-the-art monitoring tool.