bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-omics study to investigate the progression of the Correa pathway in gastric mucosa in the context of cirrhosis
Authors: Ma Ruiguang , Li Qian , You Guoxian , Wang Jun , Li Yueyue , Xu Xinyan , Zhu Yiqing , Dong Min , Gao Yanjing , Li Lixiang , Li Zhen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) are prone to gastric mucosa damage. We investigated the alterations of gastric mucosa in LC patients and their possible mechanisms through multi-omics.
Results
We observed significant gastric mucosa microbial dysbiosis in LC subjects. Gastric mucosal microbiomes of LC patients contained a higher relative abundance of Streptococcus, Neisseria, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Porphyromonas, as well as a decreased abundance in Helicobacter and Achromobacter, than control subjects. The LC patients had higher levels of bile acids (BAs) and long-chain acylcarnitines (long-chain ACs) in serum. The gastric mucosal microbiomes were associated with serum levels of BAs and long-chain ACs. Transcriptome analyses of gastric mucosa revealed an upregulation of endothelial cell specific molecule 1, serpin family E member 1, mucin 2, caudal type homeobox 2, retinol binding protein 2, and defensin alpha 5 in LC group. Besides, the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in the LC group.
Conclusions
The alterations in the gastric mucosal microbiome and transcriptome of LC patients were identified. The impaired energy metabolism and hypoxia in gastric mucosal cells might aggravate the inflammation of gastric mucosa and even exacerbate the Correa's cascade process.
Trial registration number ChiCTR2100051070
Impact of radiation therapy and alpha-fetoprotein level on survival outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based study
Authors: Yuan Zheping , Li Xiawei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The use of radiation therapy (RT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a matter for debate. Recently published research indicate that advanced RT techniques may improve survival in patients with HCC. This study aimed to evaluate this hypothesis in a large-scale retrospective cohort. The effect of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was taken into account because of its important role in the prognosis of HCC.
Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for adults patients diagnosed 2010–2019 with HCC (≥ 18 years). The study population was divided into four groups: Non-radiation & AFP-positive (reference), Non-radiation & AF-negative, Radiation & AFP-positive, Radiation & AFP-negative. Distant metastasis (DM) was used as a stratification factor. Differences in 5-year overall survival (OS) of the four groups were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR).
Results
A total of 34,656 patients were eligible for this analysis, including 21,084 (60.8%), 8,449 (24.4%), 3,810 (11.0%) and 1,313 (3.8%) in the Non-radiation & AFP-positive, Non-radiation & AF-negative, Radiation & AFP-positive and Radiation & AFP-negative groups, respectively. Median OSs of the four groups were 3, 4, 5 and 11 months in the DM cohort, and 12, 28, 15, and 28 months in the Non-DM cohort. Patients in the Radiation & AFP - group had the best OS and patients in the Non-radiation & AFP + group had the worst OS (adjusted HR [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.497 [0.399–0.619] in the DM cohort, and 0.405 [0.372–0.441] in the Non-DM cohort). Radiation & AFP + also showed improved survival compared with the reference group (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 0.725 [0.657–0.801] in the DM cohort, and 0.630 [0.600-0.661] in the Non-DM cohort).
Conclusions
This population-based cohort study confirmed a significant improvement in overall survival with radiation therapy in HCC. AFP-negative patients benefit the most from RT. Superior OS of radiation therapy and AFP-negative status persisted even in patients with complex metastasis patterns. Our data suggest that radiation may provide an alternative modality for unresectable HCC.
Genomic evidence for large inversions in the polar cod Boreogadus saida at similar chromosomal locations as found in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua
Authors: Einarsson Axel Wilhelm , Árnason Einar , Halldórsdóttir Katrín 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chromosomal structural rearrangements such as inversions are large scale genomic mutations. Inversions suppress recombination in heterozygotes and are often referred to as supergenes if they combine adaptive gene complexes within their genomic islands of differentiation. Such islands are known in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), maintaining genomic divergence that define known ecotypes. Little is known about the genome architecture of the related polar cod (Boreogadus saida) although its panmictic distribution suggests small, if any, genetic diversity and population divergence. However, previous observations show seasonal and spatial variation in biological and ecological characteristics that strongly indicate distinct populations, although genetic analyses have not yet been conclusive. Here we use four approaches and find genomic evidence for inversions in a sample of polar cod from north-eastern Greenland at the same chromosomal locations as are found in Atlantic cod. The inversions on chromosomes 1 and 7 in the Atlantic cod, both linked to temperature adaptation, are also present in the polar cod. There is a geographical separation among these different inversions. The polar cod is a key player in the Arctic food-web, transferring a large share of energy from plankton to mammals and birds. With warming temperatures, cold adapted gadid species such as the polar cod are under threat, as is the whole Arctic ecosystem. As the habitat of polar cod is already shrinking, these results may aid our understanding of polar cod’s future success or demise.
Comparative Morphological Characterization of Skin after Subcutaneous Application of Hyaluronic Acid and Polycaprolactone in Rats: Establishment of an Experimental Model
Authors: Braga Cintia Melo , Rebouças Conceicao da Silva Martins , Melo Deborah Nunes , Nunes Ana Paula Negreiros , Góes Paula , Morais Maria Luana Gaudencio dos Santos , Brito Gerly Anne Castro , Leitão Renata F.C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Injectable facial fillers are excellent options for treating facial aging, wrinkles, and contour defects. Both polycaprolactone (PCL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been used to restore lost tissue volume and improve facial contour. However, the mechanisms involved in the effect of these biomaterials still need to be fully understood. The present work aims to establish an experimental model to investigate cellular and morphological changes in the skin of Wistar rats in response to HA and PCL to understand the mechanisms associated with these effects. The subcutaneous tissue of the back of Wistar rats was used as a reception area for biomaterials, represented by the commercial products Ellansé®, containing polycaprolactone (PCL) and Juvederm Voluma®, containing hyaluronic acid (HA). Animals were euthanized afetr 30 or 60 days, and skin samples were collected from treated and untreated animals (CONTROL) for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation for IBA-1, TGF-β, and FGF. Analysis of type I and type III collagen deposition, neovascularization, and adipose tissue was performed. On histological examination, HA appeared as an amorphous, basophilic material interspersed with connective tissue bundles. The skin fragments with PCL showed intense cell proliferation, with foreign body giant cells and a higher capillary proliferation than the HA group. More vessels were observed in the HA and PCL groups compared to the CONTROL group. A significant increase in fibroblasts and fibrocytes was observed in skin fragments inoculated with HA and PCL, associated with increased FGF expression. The number of fibroblasts was significantly higher in the PCL group than HA. The PCL group showed higher immunostaining for IBA-1 and TGF-β than the CONTROL and HA groups. Collagen deposition was observed in the treated groups, especially type III collagen in the PCL group, when compared to HA. Our morphological results demonstrated stimulation of fibroblastic activity and active-related tissue regeneration, with increased vascular proliferation and expression of markers related to tissue proliferation, mainly associated with the PCL group. We also observed increased adipose tissue, although further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Nonclassical polariton phenomena in a triple-micropillar system
Authors: T.A. Khudaiberganov , I.Yu. Chestnov , S.M. Arakelian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We investigate quantum phenomena in a system of three coupled microcavities each supporting regime of strong coupling with exciton resonance. The possibility of observing a polariton blockade in a dimer and trimer configuration is discussed. We identify the resonance conditions corresponding to the onset of the photon blockade. The discovered quantum effects allow for using these systems as versatile sources of individual polaritons. Various manifestations of the quantum blockade can be tuned with the use of the pumping laser frequency. We demonstrate that the presence of the complex coupling between the pillars enhances manifestations of sub-Poissonian statistics of polaritons.
Prevalence of Mutations in Common Tumour Types in Northern England and Comparable Utility of National and International Trial Finders
Authors: Rae Sarah , Plummer Emily , Fitzgerald Laura , Hogarth Linda , Bridgewood Alison , Brown-Schofield Lisa-Jayne , Graham Jodie , Haigh Shaun , McAnulty Ciaron , Drew Yvette , Haris Noor , Bashir Saira , Plummer Ruth , Greystoke Alastair 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
PURPOSE:
Tumour genomic profiling is of increasing importance in early phase trials to match patients to targeted therapeutics. Mutations vary by demographic group, however, regional differences are not characterised. This was investigated by comparing mutation prevalence for common cancers presenting to Newcastle Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and utility of trial matching modalities.
METHODS:
Detailed clinicogenomic data was obtained for patients presenting September 2017 – December 2020. Prevalence of mutations in lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer was compared to TCGA GDC Data Portal. Experimental Cancer (EC) Trial Finder utility in matching trials was compared to Molecular Tumour Boards (MTB) commercial sequencing reports.
RESULTS:
Of 311 patients with advanced cancer this consisted of lung (n = 131, 42.1%), colorectal (n = 44, 14.1%), breast (n = 36, 11.6%) and prostate (n = 18, 5.6%). More than one mutation was identified in the majority (n = 260, 84%). Significant prevalence differences compared to TCGA were identified, including a high prevalence of EGFR in lung (P = 0.001); RB1 in lung and breast (P = 0.01, P = 0.0002); and multiple mutations in prostate cancer. EC Trial Finder demonstrated significantly different utility than sequencing reports in identifying trials (P = 0.007).
CONCLUSIONS:
Regional differences in mutations may exist with advanced stage accounting for prevalence of specific mutations. A national Trial Finder shows utility in finding targeted trials whilst commercial sequencing reports may over-report ‘actionable’ mutations. Understanding local prevalence and trial availability could increase enrolment onto matched early phase trials.
An in silico investigation of the phytomolecules present in Piper longum roots as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Singh Indrajeet , Israr Juveriya , Kumar Ajay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The epidemic of COVID-19 brought on by SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus related to SARS) as well as its variants is still a life-threatening and critical risk to public health around the world. Due to the COVID-19 virus's propensity for mutation, the pandemic is still spreading havoc compared to SARS-CoV-2. Several phytochemicals are now undergoing in silico analysis for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy. Scientists all over the world are on the lookout for novel lead phytochemicals that can effectively block SARS-CoV-2 entrance and infection in host cells. Piper longum phytomolecules suggest that it may be more effective to use natural remedies and herbal extracts to improve immunity and fight the infection. In this current in silico study of different Piper longum phytochemicals like sesamin, piperine, gamma-sitosterol, and epizonarene, Utilizing Lipinski's rule, study the drugability guidelines and oral bioavailability of these compounds. Four putative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets were explored using the top four ligands in a comparative study. Our finding shows that sesamin, piperine, gamma-sitostenone, and epizonarene all displayed binding affinity values of -8.9, -7.8, -7.4, and − 7.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Sesamin was found to have a greater negative binding energy toward the SARS-CoV-2 targets, which is a significant finding. We concluded that sesamin may be effective as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
Incidence of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Hirschsprung Disease Based on the Cosmos Database
Authors: Wehrli Lea A. , Reppucci Marina L. , Ketzer Jill , Dominguez-Muñoz Alfredo , Cooper Emily H. , Peña Alberto , Bischoff Andrea , Torre Luis De La 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2A (MEN2A) can occur with Hirschsprung disease (HD) due to mutation in the RET proto-oncogene, with the majority developing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Given the comorbidity, many parents have contacted us to share concerns and unfortunate experiences about the prevalence rates of MEN2A/MTC in patients with HD. The aim is to determine the prevalence rate of patients with HD and MEN2A or medullary thyroid carcinoma, respectively.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of the COSMOS database from January 01, 2017, to March 08, 2023. The database was searched for patients diagnosed with MEN2A, MTC, and HD. IRB exemption was provided (COMIRB #23–0526).
Results
The database contained 183,993,122 patients from 198 contributing organizations. The prevalence of HD and MEN2A was 0.00002%, and for HD and MTC was 0.000009%. One in 66 patients (1.5%) with MEN2A also had HD. One in 319 patients (0.3%) in the HD group had MEN2A. One in 839 patients (0.1%) within the HD population had MTC.
Conclusion
The prevalence of MTC and HD or MEN2A and HD in the study population was low. Considering that almost all MEN2A patients have a positive family history, this data does not support the general genetic testing of HD patients.
An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness
Authors: Melloni Lucia , Consortium Cogitate , Ferrante Oscar , Gorska-Klimowska Urszula , Henin Simon , Hirschhorn Rony , Khalaf Aya , Lepauvre Alex , Liu Ling , Richter David , Vidal Yamil , Bonacchi Niccolò , Brown Tanya , Sri Praveen , Armendariz Marcelo , Bendtz Katarina , Ghafari Tara , Hetenyi Dorottya , Jeschke Jay , Kozma Csaba , Mazumder David , Montenegro Stephanie , Seedat Alia , Sharafeldin Abdelrahman , Yang Shujun , Baillet Sylvain , Chalmers David , Cichy Radoslaw , Fallon Francis , Panagiotaropoulos Theofanis , Blumenfeld Hal , Devore Sasha , Jensen Ole , Kreiman Gabriel , de Lange Floris , Luo Huan , Boly Melanie , Dehaene Stanislas , Koch Christof , Tononi Giulio , Pitts Michael , Mudrik Liad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity1,2. These theories have independently accrued evidence, yet, confirmation bias and dependence on design choices hamper progress in the field3. Here, we present an open science adversarial collaboration which directly juxtaposes Integrated Information Theory (IIT)4,5 and Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT)6-10, employing a theory-neutral consortium approach11,12. We investigate neural correlates of the content and duration of visual experience. The theory proponents and the consortium developed and preregistered the experimental design, divergent predictions, expected outcomes, and their interpretation12. 256 human subjects viewed suprathreshold stimuli for variable durations while neural activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electrocorticography. We find information about conscious content in visual, ventro-temporal and inferior frontal cortex, with sustained responses in occipital and lateral temporal cortex reflecting stimulus duration, and content-specific synchronization between frontal and early visual areas. These results confirm some predictions of IIT and GNWT, while substantially challenging both theories: for IIT, a lack of sustained synchronization within posterior cortex contradicts the claim that network connectivity specifies consciousness. GNWT is challenged by the general lack of ignition at stimulus offset and limited representation of certain conscious dimensions in prefrontal cortex. Beyond challenging the theories themselves, we present an alternative approach to advance cognitive neuroscience through a principled, theory-driven, collaborative effort. We highlight the challenges to change people’s mind 13 and the need for a quantitative framework integrating evidence for systematic theory testing and building.
The HCF property research of quenched crankshaft based on the stress field intensity method and the multi-physic field Coupling Numerical simulation approach
Authors: Songsong Sun , Xiaolin Gong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nowadays the applicability of the electromagnetic induction quenching approach has diffused to the engine industry, especially for the parts made by metal materials such as the crankshafts. In this paper, quantitative study was adopted in researching the strengthening effect of this technique. First the multi-physics simulation was achieved to carry out the key information caused by this approach such as the temperature and residual stress distribution property. Then the fatigue limit load was predicted on account of the simulation results and the stress field intensity approach. Finally the feasibility of this prediction method was checked through standard bending fatigue experiment. The conclusions proposed from this paper is that the prediction method can provide accurate results in keeping with the experimental results, which makes it has very wide popularization and application prospects.
Automatic search model of railway shunting route based on improved artificial neural network algorithm
Authors: Niu Linjie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the accuracy of route search and reduce the memory occupancy, a design method of automatic route search model for railway shunting based on improved artificial neural network algorithm is proposed. Build the road network topology that changes with time in real time, analyze the train route selection process, and remove the schemes that cannot be realized due to route conflict from the feasible solution set. According to the train route selection process, the improved artificial neural network method is used to optimize the train route arrangement at the station. Make full use of the similarity between the station yard structure and the binary tree structure to build an automatic search model for railway shunting routes, transform the route search process into the traversal process of the binary tree, simplify the search process, and improve the work efficiency. Finally, based on ant colony algorithm, the automatic search method of railway shunting route is optimized to generate dynamic route table and reduce the memory occupancy. The experimental results show that the method in this paper has a high accuracy of route search and a low memory occupation rate, which effectively improves the automatic route search effect of railway shunting.
Frailty and Comorbidities Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors Enrolled in an mHealth Physical Activity Intervention Trial
Authors: Coffman Erin M , Smitherman Andrew B. , Willis Erik A. , Ward Dianne S. , Tate Deborah F. , Valle Carmina G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The physical frailty phenotype identifies individuals at risk for adverse health outcomes but has rarely been assessed among young adult cancer survivors (YACS). This study describes frailty status among YACS participating in a PA intervention trial.
Methods: YACS were categorized by frailty status at baseline using the 5-item FRAIL index: fatigue; weight loss; illness; ambulation; resistance. Chi-square tests compared frailty and comorbidities by characteristics. Prevalence rates (PRs) for the independent associations between characteristics, frailty, and comorbidities were estimated using modified Poisson regression models.
Results: Among 280 YACS (82% female, M=33.4±4.8 years, M=3.7±2.4 years post-diagnosis), 14% had frailty, and 24% prefrailty; the most frequent criteria were fatigue (70%), resistance (38%), and ambulation (14%). Compared to BMI <25, higher BMI (BMI 25-30, PR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02-2.65; BMI > 30, PR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.46-3.81) was associated with increased frailty status. Compared to 0, 1-50 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with reduced frailty (PR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43-0.90). Most YACS (55%) reported > 1 comorbidity, most frequently depression (38%), thyroid condition (19%), and hypertension (10%). Men were less likely to report comorbidities (PR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.93). Current/former smokers (PR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.64) were more likely to have comorbidities.
Conclusion: Prevalence of frailty and comorbidities in this sample was similar to other YACS cohorts and may be an indicator of accelerated aging and increased risk for poor outcomes.
Implications for Cancer Survivors: Assessment of frailty may help identify YACS at risk for adverse health outcomes.
The Effect of An On Body Personal Lift Assist Device (Jaipur Belt) On Trunk Muscle Fatiguability during a Repetitive Lifting Task In Manual Material Handlers – a non-randomized single-group trial.
Authors: Thomas Betty , K Shyam Krishnan , Prabhakar Ashish John , Nayak Megha M. , Eapen Charu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: An on body personal lift assist device (OBPLAD) is a non-motorized, passive device in which the elastic elements act as an external muscle power generator to assist lifting thereby offloading the trunk muscles. Though there is enough evidence for the use of OBPLAD generated through laboratory studies, we found a scarcity of evidence on the use of OBPLAD in real-life work settings, especially in the Indian population. This study investigates the effect of the Jaipur belt, an OBPLAD, on trunk muscle fatiguability while performing repetitive lifting task in manual material handlers.
Methodology: A non-randomized single group trial, in which 70 subjects engaged in manual material handling were recruited from industries in and around Mangalore. Subjects were made to perform a repetitive lifting task over a period of 15 minutes with and without an OBPLAD. Electromyographic data were recorded from rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, quadratus lumborum, and erector spinae from either side of the body, and the onset of fatigue was deduced from the changes in electromyographic parameters.
Results: We found a delay in the onset of fatigue in all the muscle groups studied while the lift was performed wearing the Jaipur belt. However, the findings were statistically significant only for right erector spinae, right rectus abdominis, left transverse abdominis, and left quadratus lumborum. It was found also that number of repetitions as well as time for which a task would be sustained were both found to be significantly better wearing an OBPLAD.
Conclusion: The findings of the study imply that the Jaipur belt could potentially delay the onset of fatigue in the trunk muscles while performing repetitive lifting task and hence, is proved to be useful in the prevention of fatigue-related musculoskeletal disorders of the lower back.