bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolution behavior of radiocesium-bearing microparticles as a function of solution compositions
Authors: Okumura Taiga , Yamaguchi Noriko , Kogure Toshihiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMore than a decade has passed since the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 and contamination around the nuclear power plant is primarily caused by 137Cs. One of the materials retaining radiocesium in the environment is radiocesium-bearing silicate glass microparticles (CsMPs), which have not been reported in previous nuclear accidents. Although the prediction of environmental fates of CsMPs is of interest because of their extremely high specific radioactivity, knowledge about their physicochemical properties is still limited. Here we show that the dissolution behavior of CsMPs is comparable to that of silica-rich glass and significantly depends on the surrounding environment. CsMP dissolution experiments were conducted in solutions with various solute components and pH levels at 60 °C. In neutral and basic solutions, the estimated dissolution rate was accelerated by alkali ions such as Na+, which is known to play a catalytic role for the dissolution of silica. In contrast, the dissolution in acid was slow even in the presence of alkali ions. The dissolution under acid conditions was possibly retarded by a thin amorphous silica layer formed on the CsMP surfaces. Such characteristics of the dissolution are consistent with that of silica-rich glass. To infer the dissolution behavior of CsMPs in the human body, the dissolution rate in Ringer’s solution at 37 °C was estimated as 1.00 ± 0.37 μm/year.
The IAG spectral atlas of the spatially resolved Sun: Centre-to-limb observations
Authors: Ellwarth M. , Schäfer S. , Reiners A. , Zechmeister M. 
Published: March 2023

Context.Solar surface magneto-convection appears as granulation pattern that impacts spectral lines in terms of both shape and wavelength. Such induced effects also tend to vary over the observed solar disc because of the changing observation angle and, thus, the changing observation height as well. Centre-to-limb observations of the resolved Sun offer an insight into the variable spectral behaviour across different heliocentric observing positions, providing crucial information about limb darkening, convective velocities, and line profile variability relevant to radial velocity (RV) calculations. Thus, RV measurements and exoplanet transit spectroscopy depend on precise reference templates.Aims.We want to provide a spectroscopic centre-to-limb solar atlas at high spectral resolution and high-frequency accuracy. The atlas shall help improve the understanding of the solar atmosphere and convection processes.Methods.We performed high-resolution observations of the resolved quiet Sun with a Fourier transform spectrograph at the Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik in Göttingen. Our dataset contains a wavelength range from 4200 Å to 8000 Å. We obtained 165 spectra in total, with a spectral resolution of Δν = 0.024 cm−1, corresponding to a resolving powerRof 700 000 at ∼6000 Å.Results.We present a centre-to-limb solar atlas containing 14 heliocentric positions. To check for consistency, we investigated the Fe I6175 Å absorption line and compared our line profiles with previous centre-to-limb observations and also with simulations. The line profile and also the bisector profiles are generally consistent with previous observations, but we have identified differences to model line profiles, especially close to the solar limb.
Krankenhaussterbefälle nach proximaler Femurfraktur: eine
retrospektive Analyse für Deutschland und die einzelnen
Bundesländer
Authors: Möckel Luis , Mohr Mara , Schillings Johannes 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Proximale Frakturen des Femurs sind mit einer starken
Einschränkung der Lebensqualität und erhöhten
Mortalität assoziiert. Da für Deutschland zur Mortalität
nur wenige Daten vorliegen, war das Ziel dieser Analyse die
Krankenhaussterberate nach proximaler Femurfraktur für Deutschland,
geschlechts- und altersspezifisch sowie für die Bundesländer zu
untersuchen.
Methoden Es wurden Daten zu proximalen Femurfrakturen aus der
InEK-Datenbank unter Berechnung von Odds Ratios (OR), altersstandardisierten
Krankenhaussterberaten (AKR) pro 1.000 Frakturfälle sowie dem Vergleich
der AKR mittels Standardized Rate Ratios (SRR) für Patient*innen
im Alter von≥50 Jahren analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die altersstandardisierte Krankenhaussterberate nach proximaler
Femurfraktur lag für Deutschland bei 28,5 (95%
Konfidenzintervall [95% KI]: 27,4; 29,7) pro 1.000 Frakturen, wobei die
Bundesland-spezifischen AKRs zwischen 18,6 (95% KI: 11,1; 26,1; Bremen)
und 37,2 (95% KI: 24,8; 49,6; Saarland) pro 1.000 Frakturen lagen.
Signifikant höhere AKRs im Vergleich zum Referenzbundesland Bremen
konnten für 10 Bundesländer errechnet werden, mit SRRs von 1,46
(95% KI: 1,02; 2,09; Baden-Württemberg) bis 2,00 (95%
KI: 1,16; 3,43; Saarland). Des Weiteren hatten in der Analyse für ganz
Deutschland Männer eine etwa 2-fach höhere Chance (OR: 1,76
[95% KI: 1,69 1,84]) nach proximaler Femurfraktur im Krankenhaus zu
versterben als Frauen.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Analyse zeigt, dass Männer eine fast
doppelt so hohe Chance haben nach proximaler Femurfraktur im Krankenhaus zu
versterben und dass in Deutschland signifikante Bundeslandunterschiede in der
AKR vorliegen.
Comparison of an Intermittently Scanned (Flash) Continuous Glucose Monitoring System to Standard Self-Monitoring of Capillary Blood Glucose in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hussain Farrah N. , Raymond Samantha , Feldman Kristina M. , Scarpelli-Shchur Sophia , Strauss Tirtza S. , Al-Ibraheemi Zainab , Brustman Lois 
Published: March 2023

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires close surveillance of blood glucose to prevent perinatal morbidity. Self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose (BGM) comes with considerable psychosocial burden. Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitor (isCGM) devices are discreet and could considerably impact the lifestyle of the patient. They are designed to replace BGM testing in nonpregnant patients. Data on this technology in pregnancy are scant. The aim of this study was to assess concordance of BGM with isCGM in GDM.
Study Design Institutional review board approved prospective single-arm study evaluating agreement of isCGM (Freestyle Libre 14-day system) compared with BGM when determining glucose levels fasting and 2-hour postprandial for 14 days. This was documented as percentage of results within Zone A (clinically accurate measurements with no effect on clinical action) or Zone B (values that deviate from reference by >20% but would lead to benign/no treatment) of the Parkes Error Grid (developed for nonpregnant patients with diabetes). Per International Organization for Standardization criteria, agreement was defined as >95% within Zone A or B. Analytical agreement was evaluated using mean and median absolute relative difference (ARD), mean and median absolute difference (AD).
Results There were 1,604 pairs of BGM/isCGM observations for 41 patients. Mean glucose values were 102.0 (standard deviation [SD] = 20.5) and 89.4 (SD = 20.1) mg/dL for BGM and isCGM, respectively. Mean and median AD were 15.9 and 13.0 mg/dL, respectively. Mean and median ARD were 15.9 and 12.5%, respectively. Zones A and B contained 76.9 and 22.9% of values, respectively, in the Parkes Error Grid, for a total of 99.8%.
Conclusion BGM and isCGM demonstrate clinical agreement. However, glucose values with isCGM trended lower, with greater mean and median ARD than prior studies. Given the strict glycemic control required during pregnancy, physicians should be aware of these differences and their possible clinical implications.
Key Points
Digital Antimicrobial Stewardship Decision Support to Improve Antimicrobial Management
Authors: Yarahuan Julia K. W. , Flett Kelly , Nakamura Mari M. , Jones Sarah B. , Fine Andrew , Hunter R. Brandon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives We sought to create a digital application to support clinicians in empiric and pathogen-directed antibiotic ordering based on local susceptibility patterns and evidence-based treatment durations, thereby promoting antimicrobial stewardship.
Methods We formed a multidisciplinary team that met bimonthly from 2017 to 2018 to design and construct a web-based antimicrobial stewardship platform called Antibiogram + . We used an iterative and agile technical development process with frequent feedback from clinicians.
Results Antibiogram+ is an online tool, accessible via the electronic health record and hospital intranet, which offers institutional antibiotic susceptibilities for major pathogens, recommendations for empiric antibiotic selection and treatment durations for common pediatric conditions, antimicrobial dosing and monitoring guidance, and links to other internal clinical decision support resources. The tool was accessed 11,823 times with 492 average monthly views during the first 2 years after release. Compared with use of a preexisting print antibiogram and dosing card, pediatric residents more frequently reported “often” being sure of antibiotic dosing with Antibiogram+ (58 vs. 15%, p < 0.01). Respondents also reported improved confidence in choice of antibiotic, but this finding did not reach statistical significance (55 vs. 35%, p = 0.26).
Conclusion We report the successful development of a digital antimicrobial stewardship platform with consistent rates of access during the first 2 years following release and improved provider comfort with antibiotic management.
Wenyang-Yiqi Granule Suppresses Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Cardiomyocyte Autophagy Through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activation in H9c2 Cells
Authors: Gao Shuibo , Yu Xiaofang , Han Lihua , Wu Hong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Wenyang-Yiqi Granule (WYYQ) is a four-component herbal formula, widely used to treat heart failure in China. It is known to regulate autophagy, but the mechanism(s) are unknown.
Methods H9c2 cells were treated with WYYQ for 24 hours prior to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Expressions of the autophagy markers Beclin-1 and light chain 3 (LC3) were evaluated via quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Protein levels of Beclin-1, LC3, p62, and mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by Western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy was used to explore the effects of WYYQ on autophagosome formation.
Results Treatment with WYYQ dramatically restrained OGD-induced autophagy, which was characterized by an inhibition of Beclin-1 and increased LC3 mRNA expression. In addition, WYYQ decreased the expression of Beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I; however, the abundance of p62 was enhanced at the protein level. Manipulation of the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, p62 abundance, and autophagosome formation in response to WYYQ were associated with mTOR activity.
Conclusions These findings show that WYYQ plays a protective role during hypoxic-ischemic stress through the suppression of excessive autophagy, which may be partially explained by its effects on mTOR. These data provide novel insight into the cardioprotective effects of WYYQ during cardiomyocyte autophagy.
Descriptive and Clinical Characteristics of Nonsurvivors in a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Turkey: 6 Years of Experience
Authors: Karakaya Zeynep , Boyraz Merve , Atis Seyma Koksal , Yuce Servet , Duyu Muhterem 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of nonsurvivors in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Turkey. This is a retrospective analysis of patients who died in a tertiary PICU over a 6-year period from 2016 to 2021. Data were drawn from electronic medical records and resuscitation notes. Mode of death was categorized as failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (F-CPR) or brain death. Among the 161 deaths, 136 nonsurvivors were included and 30.1% were younger than 1 year. Severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (31.6%) were the most common primary diagnoses. The most common mode of death was F-CPR (86.8%). More than half of the subjects had been admitted from pediatric emergency departments (58.1%), and more than half (53.7%) had died within 7 days in the PICU. Patients admitted from pediatric emergency departments had the lowest frequency of comorbidities (p < 0.001). Severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and ARDS diagnoses were significantly more frequent in those who died after 7 days (p < 0.001), whereas septicemia, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction were more common among those who died within the first day of PICU admission (p < 0.001). It may be important to note that patients referred from wards are highly likely to have comorbidities, while those referred from pediatric emergency departments may be relatively younger. Additionally, patients with septicemia, shock, or multiple organ dysfunction were more likely to die earlier (within 7 days), especially compared with those with severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, or ARDS.
Early Gestational Weight Gain and the Risk of Preeclampsia in Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Deihl Tiffany E. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Parisi Sara M. , Himes Katherine P. 
Published: March 2023

Objective The purpose of our study was to evaluate the body mass index (BMI)-specific association between early gestational weight gain (GWG) in dichorionic twin pregnancies and the risk of preeclampsia.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all dichorionic twin pregnancies from 1998 to 2013. Data were obtained from a perinatal database and chart abstraction. Prepregnancy BMI was categorized as normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Early GWG was defined as the last measured weight from 160/7 to 196/7weeks' gestation minus prepregnancy weight. GWG was standardized for gestational duration using BMI-specific z-score charts for dichorionic pregnancies. Preeclampsia was diagnosed using American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria and identified with International Classification of Diseases-9 coding. Early GWG z-score was modeled as a three-level categorical variable (≤ − 1 standard deviation [SD], 0, 3 +1 SD), where −1 to +1 was the referent group. We estimated risk differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via marginal standardization.
Results We included 1,693 dichorionic twin pregnancies in the cohort. In adjusted analysis, the incidence of preeclampsia increased with increasing early GWG among women with normal BMI. Women with normal BMI and a GWG z-score < − 1 (equivalent to 2.6 kg by 20 weeks) had 2.5 fewer cases of preeclampsia per 100 births (95% CI: −4.7 to − 0.3) compared with the referent; those with GWG z-score > +1 (equivalent to gaining 9.8 kg by 20 weeks) had 2.8 more cases of preeclampsia per 100 (95 % CI: 0.1–5.5) compared with the referent. In adjusted analyses, early GWG had minimal impact on the risk of preeclampsia in women with overweight or obesity.
Conclusion GWG of 2.6 kg or less by 20 weeks was associated with a decreased risk of preeclampsia among women pregnant with dichorionic twins and normal prepregnancy BMI. Current GWG guidelines focus on optimizing fetal weight and gestational length. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering other outcomes when making GWG recommendations for twin pregnancy.
Key Points
Keeping up with the CSR Joneses: The impact of industry peers on focal firms’ CSR performance
Authors: Chen Chunhua , Jiang Dequan , Li Weiping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing US-listed firms from 2000 to 2015 as a sample, we report a strong enhancing effect of industry peers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance on focal firms’ CSR performance. Firms improve their CSR performance by ~10.15% standard deviation when other peer firms in the same industry increase their CSR by one standard deviation. Moreover, this peer effect is more substantial when the peer firms are closer to focal firms, are included in SP500 index, and have a relatively larger size than focal firms. Focal firms are less likely to follow industry peers if they are industry leaders, have stronger earnings capacity, occupy foreign business and receive fewer analyst followings. Finally, firms following industry peers’ CSR policies achieve less product market shares and poorer performance, but a higher firm value. We suggest that executives should not blindly follow peer firms’ suit and strategically invest in CSR to achieve higher competitiveness.
Fast lane detection based on sparse prediction
Authors: Liu Yingying , Huang Tingpei , Yan Liyue , Chen Haihua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lane detection plays an important role in driving safety, so it is necessary to explore more practical lane detection methods. Nowadays, with the development of deep learning, mainstream methods regard the lane detection task as a pixel-level image segmentation task. Although the powerful neural network can greatly improve the detection accuracy, it also brings a large computational cost and reduces the running speed. Therefore, achieving high-precision and high-speed lane detection is still challenging. In this paper, we design an efficient and fast sparse prediction method. Specifically, our method describes the lane line by predicting the location of discrete lane points, so the calculation magnitude is the number of discrete points. This method greatly reduces the calculation cost and is not limited by the number of lane lines. The network structure uses an Encoder–Decoder architecture, and the large receptive field obtained by the structure after downsampling can maintain the spatial continuity between lane points, thus ensuring high accuracy. In addition, self-attention distillation is used to improve the learning ability of the network. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods on the TuSimple and CULane datasets, sparse prediction method achieves high accuracy with obvious speed advantage.
Development of a comprehensive software application for realization and dissemination of the mass scale
Authors: Malengo Andrea , Torchio Davide 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The main features of the RealMass Calibration software, a tool for mass standards calibration developed at the INRiM, are described. It was developed under the Matlab environment and will be distributed as an executable file on the INRiM website for free download. The software tool has a user-friendly graphical interface to be easily applied by final users. The software is capable of perform advanced mass calibrations processing at the state of the art. Although it can be use at the high-test levels for the mass scale realisation, the user-friendly features also make it suitable for routine calibrations for accredited laboratories. The elaboration of the measurements, defined by the weighing designs, can be performed by the weighted least-squares with Lagrange multipliers and the Gauss Markov estimator. It can take into account uncertainties and correlations of the input quantities, as: between the reference standards, air density measurements and between values of mass and volume of the standards. Tolls to check the consistency of the results are also provided. Validation and the applications to a real case studies are also shown.
Integrable magnetic geodesic flows on 2-surfaces
*
Authors: Agapov Sergei , Potashnikov Alexey , Shubin Vladislav 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the magnetic geodesic flows on 2-surfaces having an additional first integral which is independent of the Hamiltonian at a fixed energy level. The following two cases are considered: when there exists a quadratic in momenta integral, and also the case of a rational in momenta integral with a linear numerator and denominator. In both cases certain semi-Hamiltonian systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) appear. In this paper we construct exact solutions (generally speaking, local ones) to these systems: in the first case via the generalized hodograph method, in the second case via the Legendre transformation and the method of separation of variables.
Interactive STEM educational resource regarding to the projectile motion phenomenon on inclined plane
Authors: Rivera-Ortega Uriel , Hernández-Montero Pamela , Hugo-Teutli  
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript it is proposed a simple and low-cost computer-based simulation regarding to the concept of projectile motion (including also a game mode) on its more general case, that is, on inclined plane; with the aim of easing the learning-teaching process regarding to this physical phenomenon. The novelty of this proposal relies on the use of an external control that changes the projectile shooting angle, the initial velocity and inclination of the plane. This educational resource is coded in Scratch for Arduino (S4A), while its electronic interface is based on Arduino UNO.
A framework for prediction of personalized pediatric nuclear medical dosimetry based on machine learning and Monte Carlo techniques
Authors: Eleftheriadis Vasileios , Savvidis Georgios , Paneta Valentina , Chatzipapas Konstantinos , Kagadis George C , Papadimitroulas Panagiotis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective: A methodology is introduced for the development of an internal dosimetry prediction toolkit for nuclear medical pediatric applications. The proposed study exploits Artificial Intelligence techniques using Monte Carlo simulations as ground truth for accurate prediction of absorbed doses per organ prior to the imaging acquisition considering only personalized anatomical characteristics of any new pediatric patient. Approach: GATE Monte Carlo simulations were performed using a population of computational pediatric models to calculate the specific absorbed dose rates (SADRs) in several organs. A simulated dosimetry database was developed for 28 pediatric phantoms (age range 2–17 years old, both genders) and 5 different radiopharmaceuticals. Machine Learning regression models were trained on the produced simulated dataset, with leave one out cross validation for the prediction model evaluation. Hyperparameter optimization and ensemble learning techniques for a variation of input features were applied for achieving the best predictive power, leading to the development of a SADR prediction toolkit for any new pediatric patient for the studied organs and radiopharmaceuticals. Main results. SADR values for 30 organs of interest were calculated via Monte Carlo simulations for 28 pediatric phantoms for the cases of five radiopharmaceuticals. The relative percentage uncertainty in the extracted dose values per organ was lower than 2.7%. An internal dosimetry prediction toolkit which can accurately predict SADRs in 30 organs for five different radiopharmaceuticals, with mean absolute percentage error on the level of 8% was developed, with specific focus on pediatric patients, by using Machine Learning regression algorithms, Single or Multiple organ training and Artificial Intelligence ensemble techniques. Significance: A large simulated dosimetry database was developed and utilized for the training of Machine Learning models. The developed predictive models provide very fast results (<2 s) with an accuracy >90% with respect to the ground truth of Monte Carlo, considering personalized anatomical characteristics and the biodistribution of each radiopharmaceutical. The proposed method is applicable to other medical dosimetry applications in different patients’ populations.