bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TESTES DE FÁRMACOS E COSMÉTICOS EM ANIMAIS E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES ÉTICAS
Authors: Sena Daniel Richardson de Carvalho , ANDRADE PEDRO EDUARDO GARCIA DE , ELISIÁRIO POLLYANE BAIMA , XAVIER REBECCA SOUZA 
Published: February 2023

RESUMO
2021 foi um ano em que a internet voltou seus olhos à experimentação em animais devido à animação “Save Ralph”, da organização Humane Society International. Desse modo, reacendeu-se um antigo debate quanto à importância dos modelos animais em pesquisas. Em vista disso, este escrito objetivou analisar as implicações éticas da testagem animal na indústria química, tanto no eixo farmacológico quanto no eixo cosmético. Este estudo possui um caráter essencialmente teórico, amparado num conjunto de fontes bibliográficas que servem de base teórico-conceitual para evidenciar as questões propostas. Constatou-se que os métodos mais tradicionais adotados pela indústria química para lidar com cobaias sencientes são repletos de especismo. Além disso, percebeu-se que, embora não se possa negar que a testagem animal teve grande importância histórica no desenvolvimento de diferentes ramos da indústria química, também é tendência natural do conhecimento científico sempre buscar o progresso. Avalia-se que cabe aos pesquisadores procurar pela substituição da metodologia clássica especista, dando espaço para as técnicas alternativas de pesquisa.
Palavras-chave: Testagem. Bioética. Fármacos. Cosméticos.
Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Anion Exchange Resin: Influence of Synthesis Parameters on the Cubic Phase Stability
Authors: Saikova Svetlana , Pavlikov Aleksandr , Karpov Denis , Samoilo Aleksandr , Kirik Sergey , Volochaev Mikhail , Trofimova Tatyana , Velikanov Dmitry , Kuklin Artem 
Published: February 2023

Copper ferrite attracts a lot of interest from researchers as a material with unique magnetic, optical, catalytic and structural properties. In particular, the magnetic properties of this material are structurally sensitive and can be tuned by changing the distribution of Cu and Fe cations in octahedral and tetrahedral positions by controlling synthesis parameters. In this study, we propose a new simple and convenient method for the synthesis of copper ferrite nanoparticles using a strongly basic anion exchange resin in OH form. The effect and possible mechanism of polysaccharides addition on the elemental composition, yield and particle size of CuFe2O4 is investigated and discussed. It is shown that anion exchange resin precipitation leads to a mixture of unstable at standard temperature cubic (c-CuFe2O4) and stable tetragonal (t-CuFe2O4) phases. The effect of the reaction conditions on the c-CuFe2O4 stability is studied by temperature-dependent XRD measurements and discussed in terms of the cations distribution, Jahn−Teller distortion and Cu2+ and oxygen vacancies in the copper ferrite lattice. The obtained differences in the values of saturation magnetization and the coercive force of prepared samples are explained with a reference to variations in the particle sizes and the structural characteristics of copper ferrite.
Hubungan Kecerdasan Spasial dan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Peserta Didik Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Geometri
Authors: Zuhria Sya’bani Gita , Hikmah Nurul , Novitasari Dwi , Sarjana Ketut 
Published: February 2023

This study aims to find out whether there is a significant relationship between spatial intelligence and the mathematical reasoning ability of class IX MTs Negeri 2 Mataram students in solving geometry problems. This type of research is correlational research. The sample in this study was students of class IX A MTs Negeri 2 Mataram who were taken with purposive sampling techniques. Data collection is carried out using test instruments in the form of description questions about spatial intelligence, reasoning ability, and solving geometric problems. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation tests with a quantitative approach. The results of the data analysis showed: 1) there was a significant relationship between spatial intelligence and solving geometry problems of class IX MTs Negeri 2 Mataram students of 0.366 with a weak relationship category; 2) there is a significant relationship between mathematical reasoning ability to solve geometric problems of class IX MTs Negeri 2 Mataram students of 0.386 with a weak relationship category; 3) there is a significant relationship between spatial intelligence and mathematical reasoning ability of class IX MTs Negeri 2 Mataram students in solving geometric problems of 0.532 with sufficient relationship categories.
Rare Fracture Knee Dislocation Treated with Ligament Repair and Novel Arcuate Fracture Repair Technique
Authors: Holuba Kurt , Uppstrom Tyler J. , Apostolakos John , DiFelice Gregory S. 
Published: February 2023

Case:
A 57-year-old man presented with a left knee dislocation after a motor vehicle collision. Clinical and imaging evaluation demonstrated disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), anterolateral ligament (ALL), and posterolateral corner (PLC). The patient underwent acute, single-stage arthroscopic primary ACL and PCL repair, with arcuate fracture fixation using a novel technique. At 4 years postoperatively, he continues to do well subjectively with minimal clinical laxity.

Conclusion:
Acute, single-stage arthroscopic primary ligamentous repair is a viable option for high-grade multiligamentous knee dislocations and may be combined with our novel technique for arcuate fracture fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, Case Report
Nuclear Smooth Muscle α-actin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation
Authors: Kwartler Callie , Pedroza Albert , Kaw Anita , Guan Pujun , Ma Shuangtao , Duan Xue-yan , Kernell Caroline , Wang Charis , Pinelo Jose Esparza , Borthwick Mikayla , Chen Jiyuan , Zhong Yuan , Sinha Sanjay , Shen Xuetong , Fischbein Michael , Milewicz Dianna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Missense variants throughout ACTA2, encoding smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA), predispose to adult onset thoracic aortic disease, but variants disrupting arginine 179 (R179) lead to Smooth Muscle Dysfunction Syndrome (SMDS) characterized by childhood-onset diverse vascular diseases. Our data indicate that αSMA localizes to the nucleus in wildtype (WT) smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enriches in the nucleus with SMC differentiation, and associates with chromatin remodeling complexes and SMC contractile gene promotors, and the ACTA2 p.R179 variant decreases nuclear localization of αSMA. SMCs explanted from a SMC-specific conditional knockin mouse model, Acta2SMC-R179C/+, are less differentiated than WT SMCs, both in vitro and in vivo, and have global changes in chromatin accessibility. Induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with ACTA2 p.R179 variants fail to fully differentiate from neural crest cells to SMCs, and single cell transcriptomic analyses of an ACTA2 p.R179H patient’s aortic tissue shows increased SMC plasticity. Thus, nuclear αSMA participates in SMC differentiation and loss of this nuclear activity occurs with ACTA2 p.R179 pathogenic variants.
Metabolomics-based Exploration the Response Mechanisms of Saussurea involucrata Leaves Under Different Levels of Cold Stress
Authors: Sun Qi , Zhu Xinxia , Ma Lihua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Saussurea involucrata (Sik.) have high cold resistance and important medicinal value. However, the metabolomics under low temperature conditions is still not fully explained. Understanding the changes of metabolites under low temperature conditions is conducive to in-depth research and rational development and utilization. Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze the metabolites in the leaves of Sik. under four different low temperature stress conditions. Results: A total of 753 metabolites were identified, and 360 different metabolites were identified according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and amino acids and sugars. Sucrose and trehalose synthesis, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glutamic acid-mediated proline biosynthesis, purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, phenylpropane synthesis pathway metabolites all respond to low temperature stress. Under cold stress conditions, carbohydrates in Sik. leaves accumulate first than under freezing conditions, and the lower the temperature under freezing conditions, the less amino acids accumulate, while the phenolic substances increase. However, after cold domestication, purines and phenolic substances decrease under freezing conditions, and amino acids accumulate significantly. Conclusion: The metabolic network of Sik. leaves under different low temperature stress conditions was proposed, which provided a reference for further exploration of the metabolic network related to low temperature stress tolerance of Sik.
MultiGML: Multimodal Graph Machine Learning for Prediction of Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Krix Sophia , De Long Lauren , Madan Sumit , Domingo-Fernandez Daniel , Ahmad Ashar , Gul Sheraz , Zaliani Andrea , Fröhlich Holger 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Adverse drug events constitute a major challenge for the success of clinical trials. Several computational strategies have been suggested to estimate the risk of adverse drug events in preclinical drug development. While these approaches have demonstrated high utility in practice, they are at the same time limited to specific information sources and thus neglect a wealth of information that is uncovered by fusion of different data sources, including biological protein function, gene expression, chemical compound structure, cell-based imaging, etc. In this work we propose an integrative and explainable Graph Machine Learning approach (MultiGML), which fuses knowledge graphs with multiple further data modalities to predict drug related adverse events. MultiGML demonstrates excellent prediction performance compared to alternative algorithms, including various knowledge graph embedding techniques. MultiGML distinguishes itself from alternative techniques by providing in-depth explanations of model predictions, which point towards biological mechanisms associated with predictions of an adverse drug event.
Nesting behaviour of Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica) in the exotic timber plantations of the Palani Hills, Western Ghats, India
Authors: S Aravind P , Ganguli Sanjay Prasad , D’Souza Senan , Rajamani Nandini 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Exotic timber plantations have expanded in the montane habitats of the Western Ghats in the last century, often replacing the natural grassland-rainforest mosaic. This has inadvertently increased tree connectivity across the landscape, affecting arboreal mammals in varied ways. Here we report that the endemic Indian giant squirrel nests in exotic timber plantations in the Palani Hills, a behaviour not previously described. An extensive survey of timber plantations revealed a total of 70 nests, with 73% of the nests found on exotic Eucalyptus trees. An investigation of the landscape and environmental factors that were associated with the choice of nesting locations revealed that nest sites were significantly closer to rainforest patches. Squirrels also nested on east-facing slopes, away from human disturbances like agriculture. This study is the first to report giant squirrel nesting behaviour in exotic timber plantations across a landscape mosaic. We suggest that policymakers and managers proceed with caution while clearing plantations in an attempt to restore native vegetation.
Inverse design of chiral functional film by a robotic AI-Chemist
Authors: Zou Gang , Xie Yifan , Feng Shuo , Deng LinXiao , Cai Aoran , Gan Liyu , Jiang Zifan , Yang Peng , Ye Guilin , Liu Zaiqing , Wen Li , Zhu Qing , Zhang Wanjun , Zhang Zhanpeng , Li Jiahe , Feng Zeyu , Zhang Chutian , Du Wenjie , Xu Lixin , Jiang Jun , Chen Xin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Inverse design of artificial chiral materials and nanostructures with strong and tunable chiroptical activities are highly desirable, owing to their potential applications in chiral sensing, enantioselective catalysis and chiroptical devices. In this study, we use an artificial intelligence (AI) guided robotic chemist to accurately predict chiroptical activities from the experimental absorption spectra and structure/process parameters, and generate chiral films with targeted chiroptical activities across the full visible spectrum. The robotic AI-chemist carries out entire process of chiral film constructing, characterizing, and testing. A machine learned reverse design model using spectrum embedded descriptors was developed to predict optimal structure/process parameters for any targeted chiroptical properties. A series of chiral films with high chiroptical activity (gabs~1.9) had been identified out of more than 100 million possible structures, and their feasible application in circular polarization-selective color filters for multiplex laser display and switchable CP luminescence had been demonstrated.
Lower viral evolutionary pressure under stable versus fluctuating conditions in subzero Arctic brines
Authors: Zhong Zhi-Ping , Vik Dean , Rapp Josephine , Zablocki Olivier , Maughan Heather , Temperton Ben , Deming Jody , Sullivan Matthew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Climate change threatens Earth’s ice-based ecosystems which currently offer archives and eco-evolutionary experiments in the extreme. Arctic cryopeg brine (marine-derived, within permafrost) and sea-ice brine, similar in subzero temperature and high salinity but different in temporal stability, are inhabited by microbes adapted to these extreme conditions. However, little is known about their viruses (community composition, diversity, interaction with hosts, or evolution) or how they might respond to geologically stable cryopeg versus fluctuating sea-ice conditions.
Results: We used long- and short-read viromics and metatranscriptomics to study viruses in Arctic cryopeg brine, sea-ice brine, and underlying seawater, recovering 11,088 vOTUs (~species-level taxonomic unit), a 4.4-fold increase of known viruses in these brines. More specifically, the long-read-powered viromes doubled the number of longer (≥25 kb) vOTUs generated and recovered more hypervariable regions by >5-fold compared to short-read viromes. Distribution assessment, by comparing to known viruses in public databases, supported that cryopeg-brine viruses were of marine origin yet distinct from either sea-ice-brine or seawater viruses, while 94% of sea-ice-brine viruses also presented in seawater. A virus-encoded, ecologically important exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene was identified, and many viruses (~half of metatranscriptome-inferred ‘active’ vOTUs) were predicted as actively infecting the dominant microbial genera Marinobacter and Polaribacterin cryopeg and sea-ice brines, respectively. Evolutionarily, microdiversity (intra-species genetic variations) analyses suggested that viruses within the stable cryopeg brine were under significantly lower evolutionary pressures than those in the fluctuating sea-ice environment, while many sea-ice-brine virus-tail genes were under positive selection, indicating virus-host co-evolutionary arms races.
Conclusions: Our results confirmed the benefits of long-read-powered viromics in understanding the environmental virosphere through significantly improved genomic recovery, expanding viral discovery and the potential for biological inference. Evidence of viruses actively infecting the dominant microbes in subzero brines and modulating host metabolism underscored the potential impact of viruses on these remote and underexplored extreme ecosystems. Microdiversity results shed light on the different strategies viruses use to evolve and adapt when extreme conditions are stable versus fluctuating. Together, these findings verify the value of long-read-powered viromics and provide foundational data on viral evolution and virus-microbe interactions in Earth’s destabilized and rapidly disappearing cryosphere.
Effect of Cu Loading on the Performance and Kinetics of Cu/SAPO-34 Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction with NH3
Authors: Tang Jungang , Wang Xuetao , Xing Lili , Liang Yanzheng , Li Haojie , Liu Mengjie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A series of X%Cu/SAPO-34 (X=1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0) catalysts were prepared by ultrasonic impregnation method for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia. The effect of different Cu loadings on the selective catalytic reduction of NO by molecular sieve catalysts was examined on a fixed-bed reactor. Catalyst physicochemical properties were characterized and analyzed using XRD, TEM, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, and in situ DRIFTS. Catalysts were used in reaction kinetics studies from the perspective of transient and steady-state kinetics. Cu/SAPO-34 catalyst with 4% Cu loading had the best denitrification efficiency and wide activity window. Copper species were highly dispersed on the catalyst surface. Cu/SAPO-34 catalyst with 4% Cu loading had rich acidic sites and excellent redox performance. Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts with 4% Cu loading possess minimal activation energy and were lower than commercial catalysts. According to the results of in situ IR, transient and steady state analysis, the Cu/SAPO-34 catalyst with 4% Cu loading in the NH3-SCR reaction process was mainly E-R mechanism, and there was L-H mechanism.
The global geomagnetic field over the historical era: What can we learn from ship-log declinations?
Authors: Schanner Maximilian Arthus , Bohsung Lukas , Fischer Clara , Korte Monika , Holschneider Matthias 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Modern geomagnetic field models are constructed from satellite and observatory data, while models on the millenial timescale are constructed from indirect records of thermoremanent and sedimentary origin.
An intermediate period, spanning the last four centuries, is covered by historical survey data and ship-logs, which is strongly dominated by geomagnetic declination information.
We apply a sequentialized, Gaussian process based modeling technique to this dataset and propose a new field model for this era.
In order to investigate the information gained from declination records from ship-logs, we seperate the dataset and construct a second model, where unpaired declination records are removed.
Instead of uncovering a more detailed field, the availability of more records leads to better resolution of the global field structure.
The availability of more records helps notably to constrain global field properties like the dipole moment.
It also allows to resovle some detailed field structures more accurately.
Based on the model constructed from the full dataset, we perfom an analysis of the South Atlantic Anomaly and regions of low field intensity in general.
We extend a recent analysis of center of mass movement and area evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly further back in time and confirm the findings of its non-monotonous growth.
Temperature modulates the osmosensitivity of tilapia prolactin cells
Authors: Hewage Tharindu Malintha Gardi , Woo Daniel W. , Celino-Brady Fritzie T. , Seale Andre P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In euryhaline fish, prolactin (Prl) plays an essential role in freshwater (FW) acclimation. In the euryhaline and eurythermal Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, Prl cells are model osmoreceptors, recently described to be thermosensitive. To investigate the effects of temperature on osmoreception, we incubated Prl cells of tilapia acclimated to either FW or seawater (SW) in different temperature (20, 26 and 32°C) and osmolality (280, 330 and 420 mOsm/kg) combinations for 6 h. Release of both Prl isoforms, Prl188 and Prl177, increased in hyposmotic media and were further augmented with a rise in temperature. Hyposmotically-induced release of Prl188 was inhibited at 20°C. In SW fish, mRNA expression of prl188 and prl177 showed direct and inverse relationships with temperature, respectively. In SW-acclimated tilapia Prl cells incubated in hyperosmotic media, Prl receptors, prlr1 and prlr2, and the stretch-activated Ca2+ channel, trpv4,were inhibited at 32°C, suggesting the presence of a cellular mechanism to compensate for elevated Prl release. Transcription factors, pou1f1, pou2f1b, creb3l1, cebpb, stat3, stat1a and nfat1c, known to regulate prl188 and prl177, were also downregulated at 32°C. Our findings provide evidence that osmoreception is modulated by temperature, and that both thermal and osmotic responses vary with acclimation salinity.
Dual-mode near-infrared multispectral imaging system equipped with deep learning models improves the identification of cancer foci in breast cancer specimens
Authors: Liao Jun , Zhang Lingling , Wang Han , Bai Ziqi , Zhang Meng , Liu Yao , Han Dandan , Jia Zhanli , Qin Chenchen , Niu ShuYao , Bu Hong , Yao Jianhua , Liu Yueping 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
For surgically resected breast cancer samples, it is challenging to perform specimen sampling by visual inspection, especially when the tumor bed shrinks after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer.
Methods
In this study, we developed a dual-mode near-infrared multispectral imaging system (DNMIS) to overcome the human visual perceptual limitations and obtain richer sample tissue information by acquiring reflection and transmission images covering visible to NIR-II spectrum range (400–1700 nm). Additionally, we used artificial intelligence (AI) for segmentation of the rich multispectral data. We compared DNMIS with the conventional sampling methods, regular visual inspection and a cabinet X-ray imaging system, using data from 80 breast cancer specimens.
Results
DNMIS demonstrated better tissue contrast and eliminated the interference of surgical inks on the breast tissue surface, helping pathologists find the tumor area which is easy to be overlooked with visual inspection. Statistically, AI-powered DNMIS provided a higher tumor sensitivity (95.9% vs visual inspection 88.4% and X-rays 92.8%), especially for breast samples after neoadjuvant therapy (90.3% vs visual inspection 68.6% and X-rays 81.8%).
Conclusions
We infer that DNMIS can improve the breast tumor specimen sampling work by helping pathologists avoid missing out tumor foci.