bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An In vitro comparative evaluation of a hand file and three rotary Nill Instruments for removing gutta percha during root canal re-treatmen
Authors: Yadav P. , Bharath M.J. , Sabadev C.K. , Kumar P. , Rao Y. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of NITI mechanical rotary instrumentation and Hedstrom file for gutta percha removal using dearing technique.Method: Forty extracted human single rooted premolar, each with a single canal were selected. The samples were decoronated to leave 17 mm root and Instrumented with K-flles upto MAF 30 using step back technique. Samples were obturated using cold lateral condensation of gutta-perdta and AH Plus sealer. The teeth were then randomly divided Into four groups of 10 specimens each. After 2 weeks all the canals were then retreated by either ProTaper re-treatment files, M--two re-treatment files, R-Endo re-treatment flies or Hedstrom flies. The amount of remaining filling materials after re-treatment procedures was assessed by stereomlcroscope. Also time required for reaching original working length and for removal of obturating material (in min) was measured. Statistical analysis was accomplished using one way Kruskal-Wallls ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test.Result: M-two re-treatment flies showed least amount of gutta perdta/sealer followed by Pro Taper re-treatment files, R-Endo re-treatment flies and Hedstrom files.Conclusion: Under the experimental conditions, significant difference was observed between Pro Taper re-treatment flies&... Hedstrom flies and Mtwo re-treatment flies&... Hedstrom flies for gutta percha/sealer removal. Complete removal of materials did not occur with any of the instrument systems investigated.
Awareness and knowledge of orthodontics: its implications among medical and dental undergraduates at the University of Port- Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Victor-Osho O.O. , E.A. Aikins E.A. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess the level of awareness and knowledge of orthodontics, as well as its implications, among medical and dental undergraduates at the University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.Method: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 160 medical and dental students in their lecture rooms. The students were in different levels of study; ranging from first year to final year, i.e. both pre-clinical and clinical. The questionnaire examined their awareness and knowledge of orthodontics, as well as their past dental experiences, if any. It also included questions such as whether a medical doctor should refer patients with malocclusion to an orthodontist, and whether respondents would refer patients with malocclusions to an orthodontist. Statistical analyses were carried out with Epi-info version 7.0 on a personal laptop computer.Result: Only 147 (92%) questionnaires were properly completed and analyzed. Dental students were significantly more aware of orthodontics than their medical counterparts (p = 0.029). Over half of the students (53.7%) had never heard of the term 'malocclusion'. Majority (91.2%) of those who had heard of the term 'malocclusion' answered correctly that it refers to 'badly arranged teeth', while a quarter of them (25.5%) believed that malocclusion affects appearance alone.Conclusion: Generally, the knowledge of orthodontics as a specialty in dentistry, malocclusion and its impacts, as well as benefits from treatment is very poor among these undergraduates in the College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt. There is a need to include an introductory course in orthodontics in the undergraduate medical curricula.
Knowledge and utilization patterns of information technology among healthcare personnel in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos
Authors: Akeredolu P.A. , Akinsola O.J. , Akinboboye B.O. , Ekwenibe U. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: The field of healthcare practice requires the use of computers for processing information, decision-making, record keeping and teaching. To ensure success of information and communication technology, adequate application of Information Technology is required by health care professionals. Current information on knowledge and utilization pattern of information technology among healthcare personnel in developing countries is scant. The objective is to assess the knowledge of Information technology among healthcare personnel in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba as well as the factors affecting its use.
Method: Self-structured pretested questionnaires that probed into the knowledge and utilization of Information Technology were administered to a stratified randomly selected group of 300 male and female dentists, medical doctors, radiographers, nurses and pharmacists. Descriptive statistics on their knowledge and utilization patterns were calculated.
Result: A total of 239 participants (79.6%) responded, with a mean age of 25.8±5.4 years. Majority (67.5%) respondents reportedly had received some form of formal computer training, while the remaining 76 (32.5%) had no training. Most of the respondents, 167 (69.9%) respondents demonstrated good knowledge of Information Technology, while 33 (13.8%) showed a fair knowledge. Only 39 (16.3%) respondents demonstrated poor knowledge of Information Technology. Most of the respondents (58.2%) never participated in video conferencing.
Conclusion: Despite the fact that the respondents had generally good knowledge and utilization habits of Information Technology, most of the respondents had never participated in video conferencing, which is an important innovation in the modern day management of the patients. The medical personnel would benefit from the provision of adequate infrastructure, utilizing Information Technology.
Perception of Clinical Dental Students and Interns towards Prosthodontics and factors influencing its' choice as a future career
Authors: Enabulele J.E. , Anago O.J. , Omo J.O. 
Published: August 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the perception of clinical dental students and interns towards the specialty of prosthetic dentistry and also assess factors that may influence choice of prosthodontics as a future career.Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional study of clinical dental students and interns at the University of Benin and University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Questions focused on the perceptions and factors that influenced choice of the specialty of prosthodontics as a future career. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0. The analysis was done using frequency distribution, cross tabulations, test of significance with chi square. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 122 respondents consisting of 21.3% penultimate students, 41.0% final year students and 37.7% interns returned filled questionnaires. Majority (93.4%) reported they know who a prosthodontist is and 91.8% agreed that there was a need for more prosthodontists in Nigeria. Less than half (35.2%) of the respondents felt that they were well prepared in prosthodontics and 77% thought they did not have enough exposure to prosthodontics. There was statistically significant association between respondents' perception of preparedness and exposure to prosthodontics and choice of prosthodontics as a future career.Conclusion: There is a need to improve dental students and interns' exposure and preparedness to prosthodontics.
Evaluation of causes and predictors of non-attendance at review appointments following treatment of Maxillofacial injuries
Authors: Gbolahan O.O. , Fasola A.O. , Ayantunde A.A. , Olaopa O.I. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Causes and rate of non attendance at review appointment in the outpatient clinics vary widely among various clinics and different regions all over the world. Solving the problem of non-attendance may therefore require different and individualized approaches tailored to the peculiarity of the clinic and the locality in focus. The aims of this study were to evaluate the causes and the predictors of nonattendance at review appointments following treatment for maxillofacial injuries at a sub Saharan tertiary health facility.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, cohort descriptive hospital based study was carried out in a tertiary health facility in South Western Nigeria. Sixty three consecutive adult patients treated for maxillofacial injuries during the study period who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The demographic and clinical data of these patients were prospectively collected and analysed.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 34 (range of 17-83) years with a male to female ratio of 5.3:1. Only 17(27.0%) of the patients attended all four clinic review appointments giving an overall default rate of 73.0%. One hundred percent and 30.8% of the patients with mandibular fractures and soft tissue injuries alone respectively attended the first review appointment. The non-attendance rate at the first outpatient review clinic appointment was 28.6% and this progressively increased to 41.3%, 61.9% and 71.4% at the second, third and fourth review clinic appointments respectively. Out of the 18 patients that missed the 1st review appointment, only 1(5.6%) subsequently attended any of the other appointments. Significant factors that are associated with non-attendance at the follow up review clinic appointments following maxillofacial injuries were age of the patients and types of maxillofacial injury. Commonest reasons cited by study participants for default were 'feeling okay', relocation and financial reasons.
Conclusion: The most significant factors predicting non-attendance at review appointment following treatment for maxillofacial injuries are type of injuries and age of the patient while the most common reason cited by patient for non attendance was feeling okay. Motivating patients adequately before discharge by letting them know the advantages of attending and possible implications of not attending post-op review may be a way to improve attendance.
An Audit of Written Instructions Sent to the Laboratory for Fabrication of Fixed Prosthodontic Appliances in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Enabulele J.E. , Omo J.O. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To audit the prescriptions sent by dental practitioners to the dental technicians for fixed dental prostheses.Methods: This was an audit of all written instructions for fixed dental prostheses sent to the advanced conservative dentistry laboratory of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Data of interest were status of requesting dental surgeon, type of prosthesis, age of the patient, gender of the patient, next appointment date, disinfection status of the impression, metal alloy requested, design of the margin, number of pontics and design, surfaces to be covered by metal only, occlusal scheme, shade, diagram for illustration and the type of porcelain glaze.Results: Various types of fixed prostheses were requested with porcelain fused to metal single crowns accounting for more than half. The quality ofwritten instructions was clear only in 2.0% of the prescriptions while 56.8% had no instructions at all. There was no statistically significant relationship between the cadre of the dental practitioner making the request and the quality of written instructions. There was statistically significant association between types of prosthesis requested and provision of diagrammatic illustration on the written instruction.Discussion: Fixed prostheses are usually fabricated in the dental laboratory by dental laboratory technicians using impressions of the mouth made by dental practitioners. The quality of prosthetic restorations has been shown to be a reflection of the skills of the dentist and dental technicians as well as communication between them.Conclusion: There is need for improved quality of written communication between the dentists and the laboratory personnel.
Perceived Sources of Stress and Coping Strategies among Clinical Dental Students in Two Nigerian Universities
Authors: Abiodun-Solanke I.M.F. , Ajayi D.M. , Sigbeku O. , Ashiwaju M.O. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Dentistry is perceived as a highly stressful profession and the dental school is often where the stress begins. Contemporary dental curricula require students to attain diverse proficiencies such as acquisition of theoretical knowledge, clinical competencies, skills acquisition and best practices which add up to stress. The objectives were to identify the sources of perceived stress, and the coping strategies adopted by clinical dental students in two Nigerian Universities.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study involving all clinical students in the two oldest dental schools in Nigeria. A validated self administered, structured questionnaire comprising of the modified version of dental environmental stress survey(DES), the perceived stress scale and brief coping scale was used in collecting data from the participants.
Results: The potential sources of stress which were most frequently reported were the academic factors with volume of learning rated highest (84.2%) followed by demanding curriculum (72.6%) and frequent formative and summative assessment (51.7%). Inadequate infrastructures and erratic power supply were considered the most frequent(70.7%, 67.6%) sources of stress among the physical and environmental factors. Workload was also a major concern for stress with requirement to perform specified types and number of procedures rating the highest(76.9%) followed by time limits(69.8%). More (47.8%) females pray/ meditate while 29.6% cry as a means of relieving stress while the males play games which are all statistically significant (p= 0.003, 0.001 and 0.000 respectively).
Conclusion: The most frequently reported source of stress are the academic factors with volume of learning rated the highest followed by demanding curriculum and frequent examinations. The strategies adopted to cope with stress across the gender were praying and crying among females and playing games in males.
A Comparative Analysis of the Duration and Cost of Treatment Between Glass Ionomer and Resin Based Fissure Sealants among Children in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: ` P.U. , Sote E.O. , Oredugba F.A. , Ize-Iyamu I.N. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Dental service utilization in children is reduced as a result of long treatment times and prohibitive cost of treatment. This may result in an increase in early childhood caries and subsequent premature tooth loss. Fissure sealants are a preventable method in the management of dental caries but the cost may be a barrier to early treatment.
Aim: To compare the duration and cost of sealant treatment between glass ionomer and resin based fissure sealants among children in Benin City,Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: All occlusal surfaces of the lower permanent first molars (2 teeth each in a total number of 50 children) were sealed andincluded in the study (n=100). A split-mouth design was used in which a light cure Bis-GMA resin-based sealant was compared with a glass-ionomersealant. They were then randomly placed in 50 matched contralateral pairs of permanent first molar teeth and a stop watch used to record the duration of placement. The cost of treatment was calculated by dividing the cost of the sealant kit with the total number of sealed occlusal surfaces. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 with the chi square test for determination of variables. Probability values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The duration of sealant treatment using resin based sealant ranged from 235 to 446 seconds (mean time 318.86 +55.54 secs); while theduration of sealant treatment using glass ionomer based sealant ranged from 238 to 360 seconds (a mean time 292.57 +33.56 secs); and this wasstatistically significant (P<0.001). The cost of sealing a tooth surface using resin sealant (Clinpro®) was five hundred and seventy naira only. Similarly, the cost of sealing a tooth surface using glass ionomer based sealant (GC Fuji triage®) was eight hundred and forty naira only.
Conclusion: Less chairside time is required for sealant treatment using glass ionomer than resin based sealant for fissure sealing procedures. The use of resin based fissure sealant is relatively cheaper when compared with glass ionomer based sealant
Knowledge and Attitude of Nigerian Dentists to Immediate Loading of Dental Implants
Authors: Obagbemiro K.O. , Ajayi Y.O. , Akeredolu P.A. , Arotiba G.T. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Treatment with dental implants is an attractive option in the practice of restorative dentistry. Majority of patients treated with dental implants have reported remarkable improvement in function, esthetics and psychological status. Dental implant placement traditionally was advocated for healed extraction sites; however, the development of a better understanding of the biologic principles of bone healing has led to preferment of immediate implants.Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Nigerian dentists to immediate loading of dental implants.Materials and Methods: Pretesting of the questionnaires was earlier carried out on 20 dentists at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos. It was a questionnaire based cross sectional study conducted among dentists that attended Nigerian Dental Association Conference. Participants were recruited through a simple random sampling through a selection of “Yes or No”. Questionnaires were given to individuals that picked the “Yes” option. Three hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed and 250 were duly filled and returned to the researchers. Analysis of data was done using SPSS Version 20.Results: Sixty five point eight percent of the participants were females and the commonest age group of the respondents was 35-39 years (30.8%). Most of the respondents (81.8%) have a minimum of 10 years clinical experience. 74.4% of respondents had knowledge of immediate loading of dental implants however, 66.2% of respondents do not place dental implants in their clinics. 74.4% of those that do, do not practise immediate loading of dental implants.Conclusion: Though most dentists know about immediate loading of dental implants, only a few practise it.
MANAGEMENT OF UNERUPTED ANTERIOR TEETH: AN AUDIT OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES
Authors: Ifesanya Joy , Temisanren Orighoye , Aladelusi Timothy , Olusanya Adeola 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Anterior teeth are valuable for aesthetics, speech and mastication . Their absence, impaction and/or delayed eruption create significant distress often leading to early presentation to the dental office. This study presents an audit of the management of impacted anterior teeth that presented at a tertiary level dental clinic. The periodontal outcomes of the aligned teeth were also reported.
Methods: This is an observational study spanning a nine-year period. Demographic data, clinical presentation as well as post alignment dental and periodontal status of the impacted teeth were assessed. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Fisher’s exact test and paired samples T-test were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results: Twenty-eight (1.76%) cases presenting with failed eruption of thirty-two anterior teeth were found during the period under review. Eight patients were treated by extraction, orthodontic treatment and space closure or prosthetic replacement with a mean treatment time of 2.83 ± 2.66 years. Thirteen patients completed treatment by orthodontic alignment with mean alignment time of 1.4 ± 1.5 years and treatment time of 3.6 ± 2.5 years. There was significant difference in the post-operative root length of aligned teeth compared to their normal antimeres (p < 0.005).
Conclusion: Patients with impacted anterior teeth presented later than was beneficial for spontaneous alignment of their teeth. The average 1.5mm loss of root length observed was not detrimental to the anatomical retention or function of the aligned teeth. There is need for more enlightenment with regards to early presentation for dental problems to avoid expensive and time-consuming treatments.
Subjek Hukum Dаlаm Ekonomі Syаrіаh
Authors: Pirdayanti Yupi , Аbdаl  
Published: August 2023

This article is about the subject of law in sharia economics. The discussion of contracts studied in Sharia economic law occupies a fairly important position. A contract can be said to be valid if it has met the terms and conditions in the sharia agreement. One of the things that must be fulfilled is the contracting party. The subject of law is individual in the study of fiqh muamalah However, with the development of the times the subject of this contract is not only an individual but in the form of a legal entity. A legal entity is something based on the demands of the needs of society that by law is recognized as a supporter of rights and obligations or everything that by law can have rights and obligations. implemented in the agreements of the contribation/musyârakah more specifically on the musyarakah mu'ashirah (contemporary Sharing) contracts such as the At-Tadhamun syirkah, the Taushiyah basithah syirkah, the mas'uliah syirkah, the musahamah syirkah and the taushiyah bi al-Asham syirkah.
Konstruksi Konsep Ketahanan Keluarga Menurut Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Mohаmmаd Mаlekа  , M. Hendrі Аgustіаwаn  
Published: August 2023

Background. The power of socіаl development іs rooted іn the fаmіly аs а nаtіonаl mіcro-communіty. One of the bаsіc foundаtіons of wholeness, strength, аnd sustаіnаble development іs а fаmіly's resіlіence. The Mіnіstry of Women's Empowerment аnd Chіld Protectіon then hаd the concept of fаmіly resіlіence. The concept of fаmіly resіlіence chаnged іnto the Fаmіly Resіlіence Bіll, whіch receіved vаrіous responses.Aim. Thіs study exаmіnes the concept of fаmіly resіlіence аs conceptuаlіzed by the Mіnіstry of Women's Empowerment аnd Chіld Protectіon аnd constructs the concept of fаmіly resіlіence from the perspectіve of Іslаmіc lаw.Methods. Thіs study conducted а quаlіtаtіve reseаrch method wіth а normаtіve jurіdіcаl аpproаch. The dаtа were obtаіned from а lіterаture study relаted to the concept of fаmіly resіlіence whіch іs аnаlyzed usіng Іslаmіc legаl theory.Results. The concept of fаmіly resіlіence formulаted by the Mіnіstry of Women's Empowerment аnd Chіld Protectіon focuses on fіve dіmensіons, specіfіcаlly, legаlіty аnd fаmіly structure, resіlіence, аvаіlаbіlіty of а fіxed plаce to sleep, economіc resіlіence, psychologіcаl socіаl resіlіence, аnd socіoculturаl resіlіence. The concept of fаmіly resіlіence іn the perspectіve of Іslаmіc lаw іs constructed wіth the mаqаsіd аl-shаrі'аh concept relаted to the legаlіty of mаrrіаge аnd bіrth, the mu'аshаrаh bі аl-mа'ruf concept relаted to gender pаrtnershіps аnd fаmіly heаlth, аnd the concept of lіvіng relаted to іncome, fіnаncіng chіldren's educаtіon, аnd fіnаncіаl guаrаntees for fаmіly аnd housіng, where the concept of fаmіly resіlіence cаn be іn lіne wіth God's commаnd to prevent fаmіlіes from hellfіre аnd not leаve offsprіng іn а vulnerаble condіtіon іn terms of lаck of understаndіng of the rіght relіgіon, lаck of provіsіon of weаlth, аnd the low аbіlіty to mаster scіence.