bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deep Q-Network based hand gesture recognition system for control of robotic platforms
Authors: Cruz Patricio J. , Vásconez Juan Pablo , Romero Ricardo , Chico Alex , Benalcázar Marco E. , Álvarez Robin , Barona López Lorena Isabel , Valdivieso Caraguay Ángel Leonardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHand gesture recognition (HGR) based on electromyography signals (EMGs) and inertial measurement unit signals (IMUs) has been investigated for human-machine applications in the last few years. The information obtained from the HGR systems has the potential to be helpful to control machines such as video games, vehicles, and even robots. Therefore, the key idea of the HGR system is to identify the moment in which a hand gesture was performed and it’s class. Several human-machine state-of-the-art approaches use supervised machine learning (ML) techniques for the HGR system. However, the use of reinforcement learning (RL) approaches to build HGR systems for human-machine interfaces is still an open problem. This work presents a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to classify EMG-IMU signals obtained using a Myo Armband sensor. For this, we create an agent based on the Deep Q-learning algorithm (DQN) to learn a policy from online experiences to classify EMG-IMU signals. The HGR proposed system accuracy reaches up to$$97.45 \pm 1.02\%$$97.45±1.02%and$$88.05 \pm 3.10\%$$88.05±3.10%for classification and recognition respectively, with an average inference time per window observation of 20 ms. and we also demonstrate that our method outperforms other approaches in the literature. Then, we test the HGR system to control two different robotic platforms. The first is a three-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) tandem helicopter test bench, and the second is a virtual six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) UR5 robot. We employ the designed hand gesture recognition (HGR) system and the inertial measurement unit (IMU) integrated into the Myo sensor to command and control the motion of both platforms. The movement of the helicopter test bench and the UR5 robot is controlled under a PID controller scheme. Experimental results show the effectiveness of using the proposed HGR system based on DQN for controlling both platforms with a fast and accurate response.
Social networks are shaped by culturally contingent assessments of social competence
Authors: Chadha Sareena , Kleinbaum Adam M. , Wood Adrienne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCultural outsiders, like immigrants or international students, often struggle to make friends. We propose that one barrier to social connection is not knowing what it means to be socially competent in the host culture. First-year students at a U.S. business school (N = 1328) completed a social network survey and rated their own social competence and that of several peers. International students were rated by peers as less socially competent than U.S. students, especially if they were from nations more culturally dissimilar to the U.S. International students’ self-reported competence ratings were uncorrelated with peers’ judgments. Social network analysis revealed international students were less central to their peer networks than U.S. students, although this gap was reduced if peers evaluated them as socially competent. Peer-reported competence mediated the effects of international student status on social network centrality. Since learning local norms takes time, we suggest inclusivity will require host communities to define social competence more broadly.
UHPLC-HRMS-based metabolomic and lipidomic characterization of glioma cells in response to anlotinib
Authors: Shi Yingying , Li Zhuolun , Du Qiuzheng , Li Wenxi , Liu Jiyun , Jia Qingquan , Xue Lianping , Zhang Xiaojian , Sun Zhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnlotinib, as a promising oral small-molecule antitumor drug, its role in glioma has been only reported in a small number of case reports. Therefore, anlotinib has been considered as a promising candidate in glioma. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic network of C6 cells after exposure to anlotinib and to identify anti-glioma mechanism from the perspective of metabolic reprogramming. Firstly, CCK8 method was used to evaluate the effects of anlotinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Secondly, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based metabolomic and lipidomic were developed to characterize the metabolite and lipid changes in cell and cell culture medium (CCM) caused by anlotinib in the treatment of glioma. As a result, anlotinib had concentration-dependent inhibitory effect with the concentration range. In total, twenty-four and twenty-three disturbed metabolites in cell and CCM responsible for the intervention effect of anlotinib were screened and annotated using UHPLC-HRMS. Altogether, seventeen differential lipids in cell were identified between anlotinib exposure and untreated groups. Metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, ceramide metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were modulated by anlotinib in glioma cell. Overall, anlotinib has an effective treatment against the development and progression of glioma, and these remarkable pathways can generate the key molecular events in cells treated with anlotinib. Future research into the mechanisms underlying the metabolic changes is expected to provide new strategies for treating glioma.
Face-to-face more important than digital communication for mental health during the pandemic
Authors: Stieger S. , Lewetz D. , Willinger D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring the lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, many people tried to compensate for limited face-to-face interaction by increasing digital communication. Results of a four-week experience sampling study in the German-speaking countries (N = 411 participants; k = 9791 daily questionnaires) suggest, however, that digital communication was far less relevant for lockdown mental health than face-to-face communication. Digital text-based communication (e.g., e-mail, WhatsApp, SMS) nevertheless was meaningfully associated with mental health, and both face-to-face and digital text communication were more predictive of mental health than either physical or outdoor activity. Our results underscore the importance of face-to-face communication for mental health. Our results also suggest that videoconferencing was only negligibly associated with mental health, despite providing more visual and audible cues than digital text communication.
Genome-wide analysis of sex-specific differences in the mother–child PELAGIE cohort exposed to organophosphate metabolites
Authors: Capriati Martina , Hao Chunxiang , D’Cruz Shereen Cynthia , Monfort Christine , Chevrier Cecile , Warembourg Charline , Smagulova Fatima 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the detrimental effects of environmental contaminants on human health have become a serious public concern. Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used in agriculture, and the negative impacts of OP and its metabolites on human health have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that exposure to OPs during pregnancy could impose damaging effects on the fetus by affecting various processes. We analyzed sex-specific epigenetic responses in the placenta samples obtained from the mother–child PELAGIE cohort. We assayed the telomere length and mitochondrial copy numbers using genomic DNA. We analyzed H3K4me3 by using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR (ChIP‒qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). The human study was confirmed with mouse placenta tissue analysis. Our study revealed a higher susceptibility of male placentas to OP exposure. Specifically, we observed telomere length shortening and an increase in γH2AX levels, a DNA damage marker. We detected lower histone H3K9me3 occupancy at telomeres in diethylphosphate (DE)-exposed male placentas than in nonexposed placentas. We found an increase in H3K4me3 occupancy at the promoters of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA), 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF2) in DE-exposed female placentas. H3K4me3 occupancy at PPARG was increased in both male and female placentas exposed to dimethylphosphate (DM). The genome-wide sequencing of selected samples revealed sex-specific differences induced by DE exposure. Specifically, we found alterations in H3K4me3 in genes related to the immune system in female placenta samples. In DE-exposed male placentas, a decrease in H3K4me3 occupancy at development-related, collagen and angiogenesis-related genes was observed. Finally, we observed a high number of NANOG and PRDM6 binding sites in regions with altered histone occupancy, suggesting that the effects were possibly mediated via these factors. Our data suggest that in utero exposure to organophosphate metabolites affects normal placental development and could potentially impact late childhood.
The effect of sulfur baths on hemorheological properties of blood in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Teległów Aneta , Seremak Joanna , Golec Joanna , Marchewka Jakub , Golec Piotr , Marchewka Urszula , Maciejczyk Marcin , Golec Edward 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBalneotherapy is an effective treatment method in various diseases and commonly used treatment modality among patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Sulfur baths are known for healing properties however effect on rheological properties is unstudied. Thus the aim of our study was to determine the effect of sulfur balneotherapy on hemorheological blood indices. A total of 48 patients with osteoarthritis were enrolled to the study. Blood samples were collected twice, before and after 3-week time period. We evaluated complete blood count, fibrinogen, hs-CRP and blood rheology parameters such as elongation index (EI), half-time of total aggregation (T1/2) and aggregation index (AI) analyzed with the Lorrca Maxis. Mean age of studied cohort was 67 ± 5 years. After sulfur baths WBC count was significantly decreased is studied group (p = 0.021) as well as neutrophile count (p = 0.036). Red blood cell EIs were statistically higher after sulfur baths in shear stress ranging from 8.24 to 60.30 Pa. T1/2 was significantly higher (p = 0.031) and AI lower (p = 0.003) compared to baseline. No significant changes in fibrinogen and hs-CRP were observed. It is the first study that evaluate effect of sulfur balneotherapy on rheologic properties of blood. Sulfur water baths may improve erythrocyte deformability and aggregation parameters.
Forward genetic screening using fundus spot scale identifies an essential role for Lipe in murine retinal homeostasis
Authors: Yuksel Seher , Aredo Bogale , Zegeye Yeshumenesh , Zhao Cynthia X. , Tang Miao , Li Xiaohong , Hulleman John D. , Gautron Laurent , Ludwig Sara , Moresco Eva M. Y. , Butovich Igor A. , Beutler Bruce A. , Ufret-Vincenty Rafael L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicroglia play a role in the pathogenesis of many retinal diseases. Fundus spots in mice often correlate with the accumulation of activated subretinal microglia. Here we use a semiquantitative fundus spot scoring scale in combination with an unbiased, state-of-the-science forward genetics pipeline to identify causative associations between chemically induced mutations and fundus spot phenotypes. Among several associations, we focus on a missense mutation inLipelinked to an increase in yellow fundus spots in C57BL/6J mice.Lipe−/−mice generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology are found to develop accumulation of subretinal microglia, a retinal degeneration with decreased visual function, and an abnormal retinal lipid profile. We establish an indispensable role ofLipein retinal/RPE lipid homeostasis and retinal health. Further studies using this new model will be aimed at determining how lipid dysregulation results in the activation of subretinal microglia and whether these microglia also play a role in the subsequent retinal degeneration.
Observations suggest that North African dust absorbs less solar radiation than models estimate
Authors: Adebiyi Adeyemi A. , Huang Yue , Samset Bjørn H. , Kok Jasper F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDesert dust accounts for a large fraction of shortwave radiation absorbed by aerosols, which adds to the climate warming produced by greenhouse gases. However, it remains uncertain exactly how much shortwave radiation dust absorbs. Here, we leverage in-situ measurements of dust single-scattering albedo to constrain absorption at mid-visible wavelength by North African dust, which accounts for approximately half of the global dust. We find that climate and chemical transport models overestimate North African dust absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) by up to a factor of two. This occurs primarily because models overestimate the dust imaginary refractive index, the effect of which is partially masked by an underestimation of large dust particles. Similar factors might contribute to an overestimation of AAOD retrieved by the Aerosol Robotic Network, which is commonly used to evaluate climate and chemical transport models. The overestimation of dust absorption by models could lead to substantial biases in simulated dust impacts on the Earth system, including warm biases in dust radiative effects.
Insights into the enhanced hydrogen adsorption on M/La2O3 (M = Ni, Co, Fe)
Authors: Zhong Changyin , Yang Yifei , Fang Yun , Chen Jun , Feng Bomin , Wang Hongbing , Luo Wenhua , Yao Yunxi 
Published: May 2023

Oxygen vacancies formed at the metal–oxide interfaces of M/La2O3 act as the receiving sites for the hydrogen atoms spilled over from the metal surfaces. The uptake of H atoms forms lanthanum oxyhydride-like species at the metal–oxide interfaces.
The Multilevel Word Accuracy Composite Scale: A Novel Measure of Speech Production in Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Case Julie , Wang Emily W. , Grigos Maria I. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The Multilevel word Accuracy Composite Scale (MACS) is a novel whole-word measure of speech production accuracy designed to evaluate behaviors commonly targeted in motor-based intervention for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The MACS yields a composite score generated through ratings of
segmental accuracy, word structure maintenance, prosody,
and
movement transition
. This study examined the validity of the MACS through comparison to established measures of speech accuracy. Reliability was also examined within and between practicing speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method:

The MACS was used to rate 117 tokens produced by children with severe CAS. Ratings were performed in the laboratory setting by two expert raters and by practicing SLPs (
N
= 19). Concurrent validity was estimated through comparison of expert MACS ratings (i.e., MACS score and each component rating) to measures of speech accuracy (percent phoneme correct and the 3-point scale) using correlational analyses. Reliability was examined between expert raters and across SLP raters using the intraclass correlation coefficient to examine interrater reliability of expert ratings, in addition to inter- and intrarater reliability of SLP ratings.

Results:
Correlation analyses between MACS ratings (i.e., MACS score and component ratings) and existing measures of speech accuracy revealed small to large positive correlations between measures. Reliability analyses revealed moderate to excellent reliability for MACS ratings performed by expert raters and between (interrater) and within (intrarater) SLP raters.

Conclusions:
Analyses of concurrent validity indicate that the MACS aligns with established measures, yet contributes novel elements for rating speech accuracy. Results further support the MACS as a reliable measure for rating speech accuracy in children with severe speech impairment for ratings performed by expert raters and practicing clinicians.
How to Build a Communicative Development Inventory: Insights From 43 Adaptations
Authors: Jarůšková Lucie , Smolík Filip , Chládková Kateřina , Oceláková Zuzana , Paillereau Nikola 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
This article reviews 43 adaptations of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDIs), a tool used for measuring children's communicative and language skills. The aim is to provide an overview of different approaches to develop local versions of the instrument (reflecting linguistic and cultural specifics) and to formulate recommendations and suggestions that expand the current guidelines of the MB-CDI Advisory Board. The article also discusses cross-linguistic differences in the structure of this tool, as well as the availability of sources for the language-specific MB-CDI adaptations.

Conclusions:
Strategies differ in the construction of the inventory contents and in the norming phase, as well as in documenting reliability and validity. The most frequent strategies in developing the item lists are translations of existing CDIs and pilot administrations; relatively recent strategies include consultations with child development experts. The norming approach varies in, for example, the number of participants and techniques of administrations. When establishing age-related norms, different methods of growth curve construction are used. We recommend methods that consider the complete data set and provide a code example. We suggest that the reliability of the tool should be documented not only as internal consistency but also using test–retest measures, ideally combined with interrater agreement. It is desirable that adaptations establish criterion validity against other measures of language development, such as structured tests, spontaneous language samples, or experimental methods. In summary, by critically reviewing the different adaptation strategies, the present review article provides guidance for teams that adapt the MB-CDI into new languages.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22661689
A human‐robot collaboration method for uncertain surface scanning
Authors: Zhao Guanyi , Zeng Chao , Si Weiyong , Yang Chenguang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRobots are increasingly expected to replace humans in many repetitive and high‐precision tasks, of which surface scanning is a typical example. However, it is usually difficult for a robot to independently deal with a surface scanning task with uncertainties in, for example the irregular surface shapes and surface properties. Moreover, it usually requires surface modelling with additional sensors, which might be time‐consuming and costly. A human‐robot collaboration‐based approach that allows a human user and a robot to assist each other in scanning uncertain surfaces with uniform properties, such as scanning human skin in ultrasound examination is proposed. In this approach, teleoperation is used to obtain the operator's intent while allowing the operator to operate remotely. After external force perception and friction estimation, the orientation of the robot end‐effector can be autonomously adjusted to keep as perpendicular to the surface as possible. Force control enables the robotic manipulator to maintain a constant contact force with the surface. And hybrid force/motion control ensures that force, position, and pose can be regulated without interfering with each other while reducing the operator's workload. The proposed method is validated using the Elite robot to perform a mock B‐ultrasound scanning experiment.
Secular dipole-dipole stability of magnetic binaries
Authors: Aykroyd C. , Bourgoin A. , Le Poncin-Lafitte C. , Mathis S. , Angonin M.-C. 
Published: May 2023

Context. The presence of strong large-scale stable magnetic fields in a significant portion of early-type stars, white dwarfs, and neutron stars is well established. Despite this, the origins of these fields remain a subject of ongoing investigation, with theories including fossil fields, mergers, and shear-driven dynamos. One potential key for understanding the formation of these fields could lie in the connection between magnetism and binarity. Indeed, magnetism can play a significant role in the long-term orbital and precessional dynamics of binary systems. In gravitational wave astronomy, the advanced sensitivity of upcoming interferometric detectors such as LISA and the Einstein Telescope will enable the characterisation of the orbital inspirals of compact systems, including their magnetic properties. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of magnetism in these systems is necessary for the interpretation of the gravitational wave signals and to avoid bi the wdes in the calibration of instruments. This knowledge can additionally be used to create new magnetic population models and provide insight into the nature and origins of their internal magnetic fields.
Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the secular spin precession dynamics of binary systems under pure magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, with a focus on stars with strong, stable, and predominantly dipolar fields.
Methods. We employed an orbit-averaging procedure for the spin precession equations from which we derived an effective secular description. By minimising the magnetic interaction energy of the system, we obtained the configurations of spin equilibrium and their respective stabilities. Finally, we also derived a set of conditions required for the validity of our assumptions to hold.
Results. We show that among the four states of equilibrium, there is a single secular state that is globally stable, corresponding to the configuration where the spin and magnetic axes of one star are reversed with respect to the companions’, and orthogonal to the orbital plane. Our results are compared to traditional methods of finding instantaneous states of equilibrium, in which orbital motion is generally neglected. Finally, we provide analytical solutions in the neighbourhood of the stable configuration, which can be used to derive secular orbital evolution in the context of gravitational wave astronomy.
Hemorrhoids as a risk factor for colorectal adenomas on colonoscopy
Authors: Toyoshima Osamu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Yoshida Shuntaro , Matsuno Tatsuya , Miyoshi Kotaro , Naito Eri , Shiomi Chihiro , Uozumi Takeshi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Saito Yutaka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Colorectal premalignant polyps and hemorrhoids are important findings in colonoscopy; however, the association between them is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between the presence and severity of hemorrhoids and the detection of precancerous colorectal polyps on colonoscopy.
Patients and methods This retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study enrolled patients who underwent colonoscopy at Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic between May 2017 and October 2020. The association between hemorrhoids and other outcomes (patient age, sex, withdrawal time for colonoscopy, expert endoscopist, number of adenomas per colonoscopy, detection rates of adenoma, advanced neoplasia, clinically significant serrated polyp, and sessile serrated lesion) was assessed using a binomial logistic regression model.
Results A total of 12,408 patients were enrolled in this study. Hemorrhoids were identified in 1,863 patients. Univariable analysis showed that patients with hemorrhoids were older (61.0 vs. 52.5 years, P < 0.001), had a higher number of adenomas per colonoscopy (1.16 vs. 0.756, P < 0.001) than those without hemorrhoids. Multivariable analyses also demonstrated that hemorrhoids were associated with a higher number of adenomas per colonoscopy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.061; P = 0.002), regardless of patient age, sex, and expert endoscopist. Among patients with hemorrhoids, severe hemorrhoids with a mucosal elevation ≥ 10 mm were associated with a higher number of adenomas per colonoscopy than mild hemorrhoids (OR: 1.112, P = 0.044), regardless of patient age, sex, and expert endoscopist.
Conclusions Hemorrhoids, especially severe ones, are associated with a high number of adenomas. Complete colonoscopy should be performed in patients with hemorrhoids.