bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced Abortion and the Risk of Rh Sensitization
Authors: Horvath Sarah , Huang Zhen-Yu , Koelper Nathanael C. , Martinez Christian , Tsao Patricia Y. , Zhao Ling , Goldberg Alisa B. , Hannum Curtiss , Putt Mary E. , Luning Prak Eline T. , Schreiber Courtney A. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceWhile population-level data suggest Rh immunoglobulin is unnecessary before 12 weeks’ gestation, clinical evidence is limited. Thus, guidelines vary, creating confusion surrounding risks and benefits of Rh testing and treatment. As abortion care in traditional clinical settings becomes harder to access, many people are choosing to self-manage and need to know if ancillary blood type testing is necessary.ObjectiveTo determine how frequently maternal exposure to fetal red blood cells (fRBCs) exceeds the most conservative published threshold for Rh sensitization in induced first-trimester abortion.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsMulticenter, observational, prospective cohort study using high-throughput flow cytometry to detect circulating fRBCs in paired maternal blood samples before and after induced first-trimester abortion (medication or procedural). Individuals undergoing induced first-trimester abortion before 12 weeks 0 days’ gestation were included. Paired blood samples were available from 506 participants who underwent either medical (n = 319 [63.0%]) or procedural (n = 187 [37.0%]) abortion.ExposureInduced first-trimester abortion.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants with fRBC counts above the sensitization threshold (125 fRBCs/5 million total RBCs) after induced first-trimester abortion.ResultsAmong the 506 participants, the mean (SD) age was 27.4 (5.5) years, 313 (61.9%) were Black, and 123 (24.3%) were White. Three of the 506 participants had elevated fRBC counts at baseline; 1 of these patients had an elevated fRBC count following the abortion (0.2% [95% CI, 0%-0.93%]). No other participants had elevated fRBC counts above the sensitization threshold after induced first-trimester abortion. The median change from baseline was 0 fRBCs, with upper 95th and 99th percentiles of 24 and 35.6 fRBCs, respectively. Although there was a strong association between the preabortion and postabortion fRBC counts, no other baseline characteristic was significantly associated with postabortion fRBC count.Conclusions and RelevanceInduced first-trimester abortion is not a risk factor for Rh sensitization, indicating that Rh testing and treatment are unnecessary before 12 weeks’ gestation. This evidence may be used to inform international guidelines for Rh immunoglobulin administration following first-trimester induced abortion.
Detection and virulence of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri from four lakes in southern California
Authors: Abraham Taylor , Yazdi Zeinab , Littman Eric , Shahin Khalid , Heckman Taylor I. , Quijano Cardé Eva Marie , Nguyen Diem Thu , Hu Ruixue , Adkison Mark , Veek Tresa , Mukkatira Kavery , Richey Christine , Kwak Kevin , Mohammed Haitham H. , Ortega Cesar , Avendaño-Herrera Ruben , Keleher William , LePage Véronique , Gardner Ian , Welch Timothy J. , Soto Esteban 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
The first objective of the study aimed to detect the presence of Lactococcus petauri, L. garvieae, and L. formosensis in fish (n = 359) and environmental (n = 161) samples from four lakes near an affected fish farm in California during an outbreak in 2020. The second objective was to compare the virulence of the Lactococcus spp. in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides.

Methods
Standard bacterial culture methods were used to isolate Lactococcus spp. from brain and posterior kidney of sampled fish from the four lakes. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to detect Lactococcus spp. DNA in fish tissues and environmental samples from the four lakes. Laboratory controlled challenges were conducted by injecting fish intracoelomically with representative isolates of L. petauri (n = 17), L. garvieae (n = 2), or L. formosensis (n = 4), and monitored for 14 days postchallenge (dpc).

Result
Lactococcus garvieae was isolated from the brains of two Largemouth Bass in one of the lakes. Lactococcus spp. were detected in 14 fish (8 Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and 6 Largemouth Bass) from 3 out of the 4 lakes using a qPCR assay. Of the collected environmental samples, all 4 lakes tested positive for Lactococcus spp. in the soil samples, while 2 of the 4 lakes tested positive in the water samples through qPCR. Challenged Largemouth Bass did not show any signs of infection postinjection throughout the challenge period. Rainbow Trout infected with L. petauri showed clinical signs within 3 dpc and presented a significantly higher cumulative mortality (62.4%; p &lt; 0.0001) at 14 dpc when compared to L. garvieae (0%) and L. formosensis (7.5%) treatments.

Conclusion
The study suggests that qPCR can be used for environmental DNA monitoring of Lactococcus spp. and demonstrates virulence diversity between the etiological agents of piscine lactococcosis.
Ultralow Roll‐Off Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Engineered Carrier Injection Layer
Authors: Liao Zebing , Mallem Kumar , Prodanov Maksym F. , Kang Chengbin , Gao Yiyang , Song Jianxin , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantum dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted extensive attention due to their high color purity, solution‐processability, and high brightness. Due to extensive efforts, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of QLEDs has approached the theoretical limit. However, because of the efficiency roll‐off, the high EQE can only be achieved at relatively low luminance, hindering their application in high‐brightness devices such as near‐to‐eye displays and lighting applications. Here, this article reports an ultralow roll‐off QLED that is achieved by simultaneously blocking electron leakage and enhancing the hole injection, thereby shifting the recombination zone back to the emitting QDs layer. These devices maintain EQE over 20.6% up to 1000 mA cm−2 current density, dropping only by ≈5% from the peak EQE of 21.6%, which is the highest value ever reported for the bottom‐emitting red QLEDs. Furthermore, the maximum luminance of the optimal device reaches 320 000 cd m−2, 2.7 times higher than the control device (Lmax: 128 000 cd m−2). A passive matrix (PM) QLED display panel with high brightness based on the optimized device structure is also demonstrated. The proposed approach advances the potential of QLEDs to operate efficiently in high‐brightness scenarios.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Chiral Photonic Crystals of Caesium Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Zhao Cai‐Yun , Zhao Hongbo , Chen Zhang , Pei Renjun , Wang Pei‐Xi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe generation and detection of circularly polarized light (CPL) are of importance in many modern technologies such as digital communications, machine vision, bio‐imaging, and 3D displays. In this study, inspired by the fact that various species of plants and animals can efficiently produce and/or perceive CPL with chiral photonic crystal structures, efforts are made to fabricate luminescent chiral photonic crystals with caesium lead halide perovskites, a class of solution‐processable semiconductors that have excellent luminescence properties and readily tunable electronic band gaps. Coupling between the emission frequency of the perovskite and the cavity resonance frequency of the photonic crystal structure can be established at any desired point in the visible region, giving rise to CPL output with a dissymmetry factor up to −0.34. These results suggest a new approach to chiral light‐emitting materials and may contribute to the development of semiconductors with ordered microstructures.
Scutellarin Rescued Mitochondrial Damage through Ameliorating Mitochondrial Glucose Oxidation via the Pdk‐Pdc Axis
Authors: Sheng Ning , Zhang Zhihui , Zheng Hao , Ma Congyu , Li Menglin , Wang Zhe , Wang Lulu , Jiang Jiandong , Zhang Jinlan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and their resulting glucose hypometabolism are the key pathophysiological modulators that promote neurodegeneration. However, there are no specific potential molecules that have been identified to treat neurological diseases by regulating energy metabolism and repairing mitochondrial damage. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDC), which can be phosphorylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), is the gate‐keeping enzyme for mitochondrial glucose oxidation. In this study, a small‐molecule scutellarin (SG) is discovered that can significantly alleviate the neuropathological changes in hippocampal CA1 of cerebral hypoperfusion model rats, rescued the morphological changes of abnormal mitochondria, and restored mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial proteomics, energy metabolism monitoring, and 13C‐metabolic flux analysis targeted SG activity on PDK2, thus regulating PDK‐PDC‐mediated glycolytic metabolism to TCA cycle during mitochondrial OXPHOS damage. The knockdown of PDK2 in the SK‐N‐SH cells validated that SG could rescue mitochondrial damage via the PDK‐PDC axis, promote the MMP level and reduce the mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis. Collectively, this study explored the novel therapeutic approach: the PDK‐PDC axis for neurological injury and cognitive impairment and uncovered the effect of SG on mitochondrial protection via the PDK‐PDC axis and mitochondrial glucose oxidation. The findings indicate that active components ameliorating mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits could be of significant value for neurological disease therapy.
General Figures of Merit ZQ for Thermoelectric Generators Under Constant Heat‐In Flux Boundary
Authors: Li Huan , Wang Yupeng , Zhu Kang , Han Zhijia , Wu Xinzhi , Wang Shuaihua , Zhang Wenqing , Liu Weishu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe thermoelectric figure of merit ZT bridges the efficiency and material parameters for a thermoelectric device operating under constant temperature of the hot‐ and cold‐source thermal boundary (Type‐I TB). However, many application scenarios fall under the constant heat‐in flux (qh) and constant cold‐source temperature (Tc) thermal boundary (Type‐II TB), for which a figure of merit is absent for more than half a century. This study aims to fill this gap and propose a figure of merit ZQD for the thermoelectric devices under the Type‐II TB condition, defined as , where Z, h, and κ are the traditional figure of merit, leg height, and thermal conductivity, respectively. The effectiveness of ZQD is verified through both numerical calculations and experiments, which are more accurate and practical than ZT. Furthermore, a system‐level figure of merit ZQS is suggested after considering the external thermal resistance. Finally, optimization strategies for thermoelectric systems based on ZQS are proposed, showing a 30% enhancement in the efficiency. ZQD and ZQS are expected to be widely used in the thermoelectric field.
A Dithiin‐Linked Covalent Organic Polymer for Ultrahigh Capacity Half‐Cell and Symmetric Full‐Cell Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Shen , Wang Chenchen , Song Tianyi , Yao Huiying , Yang Jie , Wang Xin , Zhu Jia , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Qichun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSodium ion‐batteries (SIBs) are considered as a class of promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to overcome their drawbacks of limited sources and safety problems. However, the lack of high‐performance electrode materials hinders the wide‐range commercialization of SIBs. Comparing to inorganic counterparts, organic electrode materials, which are benefitted from flexibly designable structures, low cost, environmental friendliness, and high theoretical gravimetric capacities, should be a prior choice. Here, a covalent organic polymer (COP) based material (denoted as CityU‐9) is designed and synthesized by integrating multiple redox motifs (benzoquinone and thioether), improved conductivity (sulfur induction), and intrinsic insolubility (rigid skeleton). The half‐cell SIBs exhibit ultrahigh specific capacity of 1009 mAh g−1 and nearly no capacity drop after 650 cycles. The first all‐COP symmetric full‐cell shows high specific capacity of 90 mAh g−1 and excellent rate capability. This work can extend the selection of redox‐active moieties and provide a rational design strategy of high‐performance novel organic electrode materials.
Nickel‐Based Single‐Molecule Catalysts with Synergistic Geometric Transition and Magnetic Field‐Assisted Spin Selection Outperform RuO2 for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Saini Kavish , Nair Aruna N. , Yadav Anju , Enriquez Lissette Garcia , Pollock Christopher J. , House Stephen D. , Yang Shize , Guo Xin , Sreenivasan Sreeprasad T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOvercoming slow kinetics and high overpotential in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) requires innovative catalysts and approaches that transcend the scaling relationship between binding energies for intermediates and catalyst surfaces. Inorganic complexes provide unique, customizable geometries, which can help enhance their efficiencies. However, they are unstable and susceptible to chemical reaction under extreme pH conditions. Immobilizing complexes on substrates creates single‐molecule catalysts (SMCs) with functional similarities to single‐atom catalysts (SACs). Here, an efficient SMC, composed of dichloro(1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) nickel [NiCl2dppp] anchored to a graphene acid (GA), is presented. This SMC surpasses ruthenium‐based OER benchmarks, exhibiting an ultra‐low onset and overpotential at 10 mAcm−2 when exposed to a static magnetic field. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical analyses imply that an interfacial charge transfer from the Ni center in NiCl2dppp to GA enhances the OER activity. Spectroscopic investigations reveal an in situ geometrical transformation of the complex and the formation of a paramagnetic Ni center, which under a magnetic field, enables spin‐selective electron transfer, resulting in enhanced OER performance. The results highlight the significance of in situ geometric transformations in SMCs and underline the potential of an external magnetic field to enhance OER performance at a single‐molecule level.
Spatiotemporal Studies of Soluble Inorganic Nanostructures with X‐rays and Neutrons
Authors: Yin Jia‐Fu , Amidani Lucia , Chen Jiadong , Li Mu , Xue Binghui , Lai Yuyan , Kvashnina Kristina , Nyman May , Yin Panchao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis Review addresses the use of X‐ray and neutron scattering as well as X‐ray absorption to describe how inorganic nanostructured materials assemble, evolve, and function in solution. We first provide an overview of techniques and instrumentation (both large user facilities and benchtop). We review recent studies of soluble inorganic nanostructure assembly, covering the disciplines of materials synthesis, processes in nature, nuclear materials, and the widely applicable fundamental processes of hydrophobic interactions and ion pairing. Reviewed studies cover size regimes and length scales ranging from sub‐Ångström (coordination chemistry and ion pairing) to several nanometers (molecular clusters, i.e. polyoxometalates, polyoxocations, and metal‐organic polyhedra), to the mesoscale (supramolecular assembly processes). Reviewed studies predominantly exploit 1) SAXS/WAXS/SANS (small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray or neutron scattering), 2) PDF (pair‐distribution function analysis of X‐ray total scattering), and 3) XANES and EXAFS (X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure, respectively). While the scattering techniques provide structural information, X‐ray absorption yields the oxidation state in addition to the local coordination. Our goal for this Review is to provide information and inspiration for the inorganic/materials science communities that may benefit from elucidating the role of solution speciation in natural and synthetic processes.
Implementing a Bundle to Improve Surgical Site Infection Rates for Patients Undergoing Nonvaginal‐Approach Hysterectomy at a Midwestern Teaching Hospital
Authors: Balagna Sean J. , Boyd Craig , Arnold Donald E. , Wagner Corey A. , Veronikis Dionysios K. , Short Mary , Butler Jessica , Marquart Shannon 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTAccrediting organizations, third‐party payers, and patients review the surgical site infection (SSI) rates of health care organizations. Infection preventionists collaborate with perioperative personnel to decrease SSI rates; they also monitor and report SSI information to national organizations. The standard infection ratio is a comparison of the observed number of SSIs to the predicted number of SSIs based on national benchmark data. Leaders of a midwestern teaching hospital convened an interdisciplinary team (eg, surgeons, perioperative leaders, infection preventionists) to address a standard infection ratio after hysterectomies that was greater than 1.0. The team reviewed national guidelines and published articles on decreasing SSIs (including recommendations for vaginal preparation) before developing and implementing a hysterectomy‐specific bundle for SSI prevention. The rate of SSIs decreased 68% after the implementation of the bundle. Perioperative personnel at this facility continue to use the bundle and infection preventionists monitor and report compliance with the bundle's elements.
Ethical concerns surrounding artificial intelligence in anatomy education: Should AI human body simulations replace donors in the dissection room?
Authors: Cornwall Jon , Hildebrandt Sabine , Champney Thomas H. , Goodman Kenneth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe potential effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on the teaching of anatomy are unclear. We explore the hypothetical situation of human body donors being replaced by AI human body simulations and reflect on two separate ethical concerns: first, whether it is permissible to replace donors with AI human body simulations in the dissection room when the consequences of doing so are unclear, and second, the overarching ethical significance of AI use in anatomy education. To do this, we highlight the key benefits of student exposure to the dissection room and body donors, including nontechnical, discipline‐independent skills, awareness and interaction with applied bioethics, and professional identity formation. We suggest that the uniqueness of the dissection room experience and the importance of the key benefits accompanying this exposure outweigh the potential and so far unknown benefits of AI technology in this space. Further, the lack of engagement with bioethical principles that are intimately intertwined with the dissection room experience may have repercussions for future healthcare professional development. We argue that interaction with body donors must be protected and maintained and not replaced with AI human body donor simulations. Any move away from this foundation of anatomy education requires scrutiny. In light of the possible adoption of AI technologies into anatomy teaching, it is necessary that medical educators reflect on the dictum that the practice of healthcare, and anatomy, is a uniquely human endeavor.
Neuromodulation of the peripheral nervous system: Bioelectronic technology and prospective developments
Authors: Song Hayoung , Kim Moohyun , Kim Enji , Lee Jakyoung , Jeong Inhea , Lim Kyeonghee , Ryu Seoung Young , Oh Myoungjae , Kim Younhee , Park Jang‐Ung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a fascinatingly complex and crucial component of the human body, responsible for transmitting vital signals throughout the body's intricate network of nerves. Its efficient functioning is paramount to our health, with any dysfunction often resulting in serious medical conditions, including motor disorders, neurological diseases, and psychiatric disorders. Recent strides in science and technology have made neuromodulation of the PNS a promising avenue for addressing these health issues. Neuromodulation involves modifying nerve activity using a range of techniques, such as electrical, chemical, optical, and mechanical stimulation. Bioelectronics plays a critical role in this effort, allowing for precise, controlled, and sustained stimulation of the PNS. This paper provides an overview of the PNS, discusses the current state of neuromodulation devices, and presents emerging trends in the field, including advances in wireless power transfer and materials, that are shaping the future of neuromodulation.
Clinical evaluation of the combined efficacy of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin along with scaling and root planing in the non‐surgical periodontal therapy of stage III and grade C periodontitis patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shunmuga Prasanth D , Tadepalli Anupama , Parthasarathy Harinath , Ponnaiyan Deepa , Cholan Priyanka k , Ramachandran Lakshmi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis randomized controlled trial was aimed to evaluate the combined efficacy of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) and scaling and root planing (SRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects having periodontitis.MethodsTwenty‐six Stage III, grade C periodontitis subjects (HbA1c > 7) were recruited in this split‐mouth study. Following SRP, the test sites received subgingival application of i‐PRF, while the control sites received saline. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, modified gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months.ResultsTwenty‐three participants completed the course of research. The Friedman test followed by Dunn's post hoc test, revealed significant improvement in all the clinical parameters from baseline to 3 and 6 months in both the study groups (p ≤ 0.05). The mean PPD and CAL decreased from 6.30 ± 1.25 and 7.48 ± 1.75 at baseline to 3.48 ± 1.34 and 4.39 ± 1.67 at 6 months in control sites and from 6.57 ± 1.56 and 7.61 ± 1.69 to 3.39 ± 1.23 and 4.26 ± 1.81 at 6 months in test sites (p ≤ 0.0001). Intergroup analysis found no statistical significant differences in the evaluated parameters across all time intervals (p > 0.05)ConclusionThe results indicated that the adjunctive application of i‐PRF to SRP provided similar benefits as saline and SRP in diabetes mellitus subjects.Key points
Question: To find the combined efficacy of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) along with scaling and root planing (SRP) in the management of periodontal pockets of Stage III and Grade C periodontitis patients having Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Finding: All of the treated sites showed satisfactory healing. Both the treatment modalities (i‐PRF + SRP and Saline + SRP) were effective in the treatment of periodontal pockets. At 3 and 6 months, there were no significant differences in periodontal parameters between groups.
Meaning: The application of i‐PRF as an adjunct to SRP provided similar benefits as saline and SRP in improving clinical parameters in subjects with stage III and grade C periodontitis patients having T2DM (HbA1C > 7).