bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of gut microbiota profile in COVID‐19 patients and among those who have recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Simadibrata Daniel Martin , Lesmana Elvira , Gunawan Jeffri , Quigley Eamonn Martin , Simadibrata Marcellus 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesGiven the scale and persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), significant attention has been devoted to understanding the relationship between human gut microbiota and COVID‐19. In this systematic review we aimed to comprehensively assess the gut microbiota composition in patients infected with COVID‐19 and those recovered from COVID‐19 in comparison to healthy controls (HCs).MethodsPeer‐reviewed articles and preprints published up to September 1, 2022, were searched in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and SCOPUS. Observational studies reporting the gut microbiota profile in adult (≥18 years) COVID‐19 patients or those recovered from COVID‐19 compared to HCs were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. The quality assessment of studies was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsWe identified 27 studies comprising 18 studies that compared COVID‐19 patients and six that compared recovered COVID‐19 patients to HCs, while the other three studies compared both COVID‐19 and recovered COVID‐19 patients to HCs. Compared to HCs, decreased gut microbial diversity and richness and a distinctive microbial composition were reported in COVID‐19 patients and recovered COVID‐19 patients. In COVID‐19 patients, Bacteroidetes were found to be enriched, and Firmicutes depleted. Decreased short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium, among others, were also observed in COVID‐19 patients, which were not restored to normal levels in those who recovered.ConclusionGut dysbiosis was evident in COVID‐19, and available data suggested that dysbiosis persisted even in recovered COVID‐19 patients, with decreased Firmicutes and SCFA‐producing bacteria.
Estimating the cumulative impact and zone of influence of anthropogenic features on biodiversity
Authors: Niebuhr Bernardo Brandão , Van Moorter Bram , Stien Audun , Tveraa Torkild , Strand Olav , Langeland Knut , Sandström Per , Alam Moudud , Skarin Anna , Panzacchi Manuela 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The concept of cumulative impacts is widespread in policy documents, regulations and ecological studies, but quantification methods are still evolving. Infrastructure development usually takes place in landscapes with preexisting anthropogenic features. Typically, their impact is determined by computing the distance to the nearest feature only, thus ignoring the potential cumulative impacts of multiple features. We propose the cumulative ZOI approach to assess whether and to what extent anthropogenic features lead to cumulative impacts.

The approach estimates both effect size and zone of influence (ZOI) of anthropogenic features and allows for estimation of cumulative effects of multiple features distributed in the landscape. First, we use simulations and an empirical study to understand under which circumstances cumulative impacts arise. Second, we demonstrate the approach by estimating the cumulative impacts of tourist infrastructure in Norway on the habitat of wild reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus), a near‐threatened species highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance.

In the simulations, we showed that analyses based on the nearest feature and our cumulative approach are indistinguishable in two extreme cases: when features are few and scattered and their ZOI is small, and when features are clustered and their ZOI is large. The empirical analyses revealed cumulative impacts of private cabins and tourist resorts on reindeer, extending up to 10 and 20 km, with different decaying functions. Although the impact of an isolated private cabin was negligible, the cumulative impact of ‘cabin villages’ could be much larger than that of a single large tourist resort. Focusing on the nearest feature only underestimates the impact of ‘cabin villages’ on reindeer.

The suggested approach allows us to quantify the magnitude and spatial extent of cumulative impacts of point, linear, and polygon features in a computationally efficient and flexible way and is implemented in the oneimpact R package. The formal framework offers the possibility to avoid widespread underestimations of anthropogenic impacts in ecological and impact assessment studies and can be applied to a wide range of spatial response variables, including habitat selection, population abundance, species richness and diversity, community dynamics and other ecological processes.
Incidence and genetic diversity of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) in Rubus spp. in Turkey
Authors: Çağlayan Kadriye , Ördek Kivilcim , Gazel Mona , Elçi Eminur , Roumi Vahid , Lamovšek Janja , Mavrič Pleško Irena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRaspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), recently renamed to Idaeovirus rubi, is one of the most common viruses infecting Rubus species worldwide but there is still a limited number of genome sequences available in the GenBank database and the majority of the sequences include partial sequences of RNA‐1 and RNA‐2. The distribution and incidence of RBDV in main raspberry and blackberry growing provinces in Turkey were monitored during 2015–2019 and 537 Rubus spp. samples were tested by both DAS‐ELISA and RT‐PCR. Among the tested samples, 36 samples tested positive for RBDV by DAS‐ELISA and 67 samples by RT‐PCR. There was relatively low nucleotide diversity among the Turkish isolates. Turkish isolates shared 93%–97.7%, 84.3%–98.9%, and 85%–99.2% nucleotide sequence identities with available sequences in the GenBank, in partial RNA‐1, movement protein (MP) and coat protein (CP) genes, respectively. In the phylogenetic tree constructed for RNA‐1, MP, and CP sequences, all Turkish raspberry isolates were clustered in a distinct clade. However, the blackberry isolates showed considerable variation in nucleotide sequences and were placed in three distinct groups. The divergent blackberry isolates showed high variability in MP (84.5%–89.3%) and CP (85.5%–89.7%) regions and were placed in a distinct group. The rest of blackberry isolates clustered together with sweet cherry RBDV isolates adjacent to the grapevine clade or together with raspberry isolates. The comparative analysis conducted on three RNA segments of RBDV highlighted the high sequence diversity of Turkish RBDV isolates. This study also emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring of RBDV infections in Turkey, with special regard to those Rubus spp. and grapevine accessions employed in conservation and selection programmes. In particular, the presence of new RBDV genetic variants and infection of Rubus species must be taken into account to choose a correct detection protocol and management strategy.
Prediction models in prehospital and emergency medicine research: How to derive and internally validate a clinical prediction model
Authors: Buick Jason E. , Austin Peter C. , Cheskes Sheldon , Ko Dennis T. , Atzema Clare L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClinical prediction models are created to help clinicians with medical decision making, aid in risk stratification, and improve diagnosis and/or prognosis. With growing availability of both prehospital and in‐hospital observational registries and electronic health records, there is an opportunity to develop, validate, and incorporate prediction models into clinical practice. However, many prediction models have high risk of bias due to poor methodology. Given that there are no methodological standards aimed at developing prediction models specifically in the prehospital setting, the objective of this paper is to describe the appropriate methodology for the derivation and validation of clinical prediction models in this setting. What follows can also be applied to the emergency medicine (EM) setting. There are eight steps that should be followed when developing and internally validating a prediction model: (1) problem definition, (2) coding of predictors, (3) addressing missing data, (4) ensuring adequate sample size, (5) variable selection, (6) evaluating model performance, (7) internal validation, and (8) model presentation. Subsequent steps include external validation, assessment of impact, and cost‐effectiveness. By following these steps, researchers can develop a prediction model with the methodological rigor and quality required for prehospital and EM research.
Relationship investment and local corruption environment: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Zhaohua , Pan Xiaofei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examine how firms interact with government officials within a corruption environment. Using corruption convictions to measure the extent of political corruption at the province level and a sample of Chinese listed firms, we find that firms located in more corrupt provinces invest more in building connections than firms located in less corrupt provinces. These results are robust to the instrumental variable approach, adjacent province matching, propensity score matching and alternative measurement of political corruption. We also show that the effect of political corruption is more pronounced in non‐state‐owned enterprises (non‐SOEs), smaller firms, firms with financial constraints and firms without political connections. Additionally, we find that those firms that invest more on connection building are less likely to restate financial reports and have lower financial statement comparability. Overall, the evidence from China is consistent with the political connection view that firms respond to political corruption by investing in relationship building, which contrasts with the evidence from the US.
Time preferences and obesity: Evidence from urban India
Authors: Dang Archana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between agents’ behavioral attributes (or time preferences) and the problem of obesity and, more generally, problems of both overnutrition and undernutrition. Through a primary survey in western Delhi data were gathered on participants’ food choices and body mass index. Time preferences, as posited by the () quasi‐hyperbolic discounting model, were elicited using an incentivized, choice‐based experiment. Estimating a simultaneous two‐equation model, the article finds that individuals in the sample with lower β and/or lower δ (or higher time preferences) make unhealthy food choices, which, in turn, significantly increases their BMI. In addition, a supplementary empirical exercise analyzes a large, secondary unit record data set, with savings as a proxy for time preferences, to provide evidence that these behavioral attributes also explain the problem of underweight (germane in developing countries).
The Adelaide Score: An artificial intelligence measure of readiness for discharge after general surgery
Authors: Kovoor Joshua G. , Bacchi Stephen , Gupta Aashray K. , Stretton Brandon , Malycha James , Reddi Benjamin A. , Liew Danny , O'Callaghan Patrick G. , Beltrame John F. , Zannettino Andrew C. , Jones Karen L. , Horowitz Michael , Dobbins Christopher , Hewett Peter J. , Trochsler Markus I. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the performance of machine learning algorithms for the prediction of discharge within 12 and 24 h to produce a measure of readiness for discharge after general surgery.MethodsConsecutive general surgery patients at two tertiary hospitals, over a 2‐year period, were included. Observation and laboratory parameter data were stratified into training, testing and validation datasets. Random forest, XGBoost and logistic regression models were evaluated. Each ward round note time was taken as a different event. Primary outcome was classification accuracy of the algorithmic model able to predict discharge within the next 12 h on the validation data set.Results42 572 ward round note timings were included from 8826 general surgery patients. Discharge occurred within 12 h for 8800 times (20.7%), and within 24 h for 9885 (23.2%). For predicting discharge within 12 h, model classification accuracies for derivation and validation data sets were: 0.84 and 0.85 random forest, 0.84 and 0.83 XGBoost, 0.80 and 0.81 logistic regression. For predicting discharge within 24 h, model classification accuracies for derivation and validation data sets were: 0.83 and 0.84 random forest, 0.82 and 0.81 XGBoost, 0.78 and 0.79 logistic regression. Algorithms generated a continuous number between 0 and 1 (or 0 and 100), representing readiness for discharge after general surgery.ConclusionsA derived artificial intelligence measure (the Adelaide Score) successfully predicts discharge within the next 12 and 24 h in general surgery patients. This may be useful for both treating teams and allied health staff within surgical systems.
Job crafting to ensure a balance between focus and connection
Authors: Randel Amy E. , Galvin Benjamin M. , Alves Thais da C. L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent work environment developments coupled with the pandemic have provided employees with increased opportunities to shape their workspaces. In semi‐structured interviews conducted with 40 employees working on large‐scale construction projects in two different work environments (open office and virtual work settings), we examined how and why job crafting was undertaken. Our analysis of the interview data revealed that, across both types of work environments, environmental disruptions that resulted in a perceived imbalance between focus and connection with colleagues were responded to with job crafting efforts. These job crafting efforts took the form of building bridges (to connect or coordinate with others more closely) and constructing barriers (to make it easier to focus). Individuals built bridges through the use of space or physical location, signaling, and coordination, whereas they constructed barriers via physical barriers, scheduling/prioritization, and mindfulness of others. This work contributes to job crafting research by expanding our understanding beyond work–life considerations of how and why individuals make adjustments within two relatively new types of work environments. Additionally, this research offers the contributions of increasing our understanding of interrelationships among types of job crafting and expanding our knowledge about how to make open office and virtual work arrangements more effective.
Transient shifts in composition of degraded temperate native grassland following grazing exclusion
Authors: Farmilo Brad , Duncan David , Moxham Claire , Buchan Anne , Turner Vivienne , Ballentine Michelle , White Matt , Schultz Nick 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQuestionsGlobally, grassy ecosystems are threatened and are still declining in extent in many areas. Improving the management of degraded native temperate grasslands that are grazed by livestock is important to the conservation of this critically endangered ecosystem. Questions remain about the role of grazing in the management of such grasslands, particularly in the face of climate change and given the sensitivity of these systems to inter‐annual rainfall variability. Here, we investigate the effect of livestock exclusion on grassland composition.LocationTemperate grassland, Victoria, Australia.MethodsOver 9 years (2009–2017), we monitored plant functional groups in plots open‐to‐grazing or ungrazed exclusion plots within five fields of degraded native temperate grassland on private land.ResultsIn the years after grazing had been excluded, we found significant differences in cover between grazed and ungrazed plots for some functional groups (e.g. native perennial graminoids) in some years, but we did not observe long‐term divergence in cover or composition of the treatments. At the final monitoring point there were no significant differences in native or exotic species richness between the grazed and ungrazed plots. We show that the years in which differences were observed correspond with the 2010–2011 La Niña high‐rainfall event, suggesting that grazing exclusion effects are mediated by rainfall, and are likely to be evident only under certain conditions.ConclusionIn grassy ecosystems already degraded by long‐term grazing, excluding grazing has limited potential to shift plant species composition in favour of native dominance. Such grasslands may persist in the medium term in a stable but degraded state with or without continued light to moderate livestock grazing pressure. Hence, managed livestock grazing need not be incompatible with the conservation of degraded temperate grasslands particularly where biomass management is important for the maintenance of faunal habitat. However, improving the function and diversity of these degraded grasslands will seemingly require additional management, including seed addition and experimentation with alternative disturbance regimes.
High prevalence of hepatitis A and B nonimmunity in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: de St Maurice Annabelle , Ng G , Aryasomayajula C , Liman A , McDiarmid SV , Venick RS , Wozniak Laura J 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric liver transplant recipients are at increased risk of post‐transplant infections. The purpose of this study was to quantify hepatitis A and B non‐immunity based on antibody titers in liver transplant recipients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 107 pediatric liver transplant recipients at a single medical center from 2000 to 2017. We compared hepatitis immune patients to non‐immune patients and studied response to vaccination in patients immunized post‐transplantation.ResultsEighty‐one percent of patients had pre‐transplant immunity to hepatitis A whereas 68% had pre‐transplant immunity to hepatitis B. Post‐transplant hepatitis B immunity decreased to 33% whereas post‐transplant hepatitis A immunity remained high at 82%. Older age and time since transplantation were significantly associated with hepatitis B non‐immunity. Most patients responded to doses post‐transplantation with 78% seroconversion following hepatitis A re‐immunization and 83% seroconversion following hepatitis B re‐immunization.ConclusionsPediatric liver transplant recipients are at risk of hepatitis A and B non‐immunity, particularly with respect to hepatitis B. Boosters post‐transplant may improve immunity to hepatitis viruses.
Demographic and clinical correlates of suicidal ideation in individuals with at‐risk mental state (ARMS): A study from Pakistan
Authors: Husain M. Omair , Chaudhry I. B. , Khoso A. B. , Foussias G. , Shafique M. , Shakoor S. , Lane S. , Abid M. , Riaz M. , Husain N. , Qurashi I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. People with an at‐risk‐mental‐state (ARMS) for psychosis are more vulnerable to psychiatric co‐morbidity and suicide, however, there are limited data from low‐middle‐income countries. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation along with sociodemographic and clinical correlates of suicidal ideation in individuals with ARMS from Pakistan.MethodParticipants between the age of 16 and 35 years who met the criteria for ARMS based on the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental State (CAARMS), were recruited from the community, general practitioner clinics and psychiatric units across Pakistan (n = 326). Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Social‐Occupational‐Functional‐Assessment‐Scale (SOFAS) were administered to participants.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts in the sample at baseline were 91.1% (n = 297) and 61.0% (n = 199), respectively. There were significant mean differences between groups (mean difference [95% CI]; p‐value) without suicidal ideation and with suicidal ideation on measures of MADRS (−5.47 [−7.14, −3.81]; p < .001), CAARMS non‐bizarre ideas (−0.29 [−0.47, −0.11]; p = .002) and perceptual abnormalities (−0.23 [−0.41, −0.04]; p = .015).ConclusionThese findings indicate that suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in individuals with ARMS in Pakistan. Given the pivotal developmental stages that ARMS presents, and the poor outcomes associated with co‐morbid depression, there is an urgent need to prioritize the development of low‐cost and scalable evidence‐based interventions to address psychiatric comorbidity and suicidality in the ARMS population in Pakistan.
Pediatric epilepsy surgery from 2000 to 2018: Changes in referral and surgical volumes, patient characteristics, genetic testing, and postsurgical outcomes
Authors: Eriksson Maria H. , Whitaker Kirstie J. , Booth John , Piper Rory J. , Chari Aswin , Martin Sanfilippo Patricia , Caballero Ana Perez , Menzies Lara , McTague Amy , Adler Sophie , Wagstyl Konrad , Tisdall Martin M. , Cross J. Helen , Baldeweg Torsten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveNeurosurgery is a safe and effective form of treatment for select children with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Still, there is concern that it remains underutilized, and that seizure freedom rates have not improved over time. We investigated referral and surgical practices, patient characteristics, and postoperative outcomes over the past two decades.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of children referred for epilepsy surgery at a tertiary center between 2000 and 2018. We extracted information from medical records and analyzed temporal trends using regression analyses.ResultsA total of 1443 children were evaluated for surgery. Of these, 859 (402 females) underwent surgical resection or disconnection at a median age of 8.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 4.6–13.4). Excluding palliative procedures, 67% of patients were seizure‐free and 15% were on no antiseizure medication (ASM) at 1‐year follow‐up. There was an annual increase in the number of referrals (7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3–8.6; p < .001) and surgeries (4% [95% CI = 2.9–5.6], p < .001) over time. Duration of epilepsy and total number of different ASMs trialed from epilepsy onset to surgery were, however, unchanged, and continued to exceed guidelines. Seizure freedom rates were also unchanged overall but showed improvement (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.18; p = .027) after adjustment for an observed increase in complex cases. Children who underwent surgery more recently were more likely to be off ASMs postoperatively (OR 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08; p = .013). There was a 17% annual increase (95% CI = 8.4–28.4, p < .001) in children identified to have a genetic cause of epilepsy, which was associated with poor outcome.SignificanceChildren with drug‐resistant epilepsy continue to be put forward for surgery late, despite national and international guidelines urging prompt referral. Seizure freedom rates have improved over the past decades, but only after adjustment for a concurrent increase in complex cases. Finally, genetic testing in epilepsy surgery patients has expanded considerably over time and shows promise in identifying patients in whom surgery is less likely to be successful.