bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between strategic differentiation and firm leverage manipulation: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Niu Feng , Wang Jiayi , Su Wunhong 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionBased on the context of the implementation of China’s comprehensive deleveraging policy, this study explores the impact of firm strategic differentiation on the emergence of leverage manipulation behavior.MethodologyThe A-share listed firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2020 were used as the research objects, and the data were processed using Stata software.ResultsThe greater the degree of strategic differentiation, the higher the likelihood of firm leverage manipulation. The effect of strategic differentiation on leverage manipulation is more significant when firms are under short-term debt service pressure. Auditor industry expertise can weaken the positive relationship between strategic differentiation and firm leverage manipulation. Further results show that the degree of strategic differentiation increases the likelihood of firm leverage manipulation by increasing the degree of financing constraints of the firm.ConclusionThis study enriches the literature on leverage manipulation, provides empirical evidence on the economic consequences of strategic differentiation, and has important implications for the precise implementation of deleveraging policies by relevant government departments, as well as a reference for external investors’ decisions.
Coping strategies and resilience among patients with hypertension in Ghana
Authors: Boima Vincent , Yorke Ernest , Ganu Vincent , Gyaban-Mensah Anna , Ekem-Ferguson George , Kretchy Irene Akwo , Mate-Kole Charles Christopher 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundHypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality and this has been linked to poor treatment and control rates. To optimize drug treatment, patient-centered strategies such as coping, resilience, and adherence to medication may improve control rates and decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension. This study, therefore, assessed coping skills and resilience among patients with hypertension in Ghana.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. 224 consented patients with a diagnosis of hypertension were consecutively selected from the outpatient clinic. Questionnaires comprising socio-demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, Adult Resilience Measure, and the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory were administered. Data were analyzed using Stata version 16.1 and significance level was set at p-value of ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 62.03 ± 11.40 years and the majority were female (63%). The overall coping strategy mean score was 43.13 ± 13.57. For resilience, median relational and personal resilience (PR) scores were 32 (IQR-7) and 39 (IQR-9), respectively. Increased systolic BP significantly increases the overall coping strategy score. Collective coping strategy and systolic BP significantly increased coping scores (95%CI = 0.05–3.69 vs. 95%CI = 0.58–5.31). Overall coping strategy significantly increased personal and relational resilience (RR) domain scores by 0.004 (95%CI = 0.002–0.01) and 0.005 (95%CI = 0.003–0.006) units, respectively. This study demonstrated that Cognitive and emotional debriefing coping strategy was mostly used by patients with hypertension.ConclusionCoping strategies had a positive and significant correlation with personal and RR, specifically collective and cognitive debriefing had a significant positive association with resilience among study participants. There is a need to actively put in measures that can improve the coping strategies and resilience among patients with hypertension to adjust to the long-term nature of the illness and treatment as this will promote better treatment outcomes.
Effectiveness of online expressive writing in reducing psychological distress among the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Hospitals: A quasi-experiment study
Authors: Zheng Xican , Qu Jingrui , Xie Jun , Yue Wei , Liang Xuejun , Shi Zhen , Bai Jing , Sun Zhiyan , Cheng Fangna , Li Xiaoxia , Liu Chunxia 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the applicability and effectiveness of an online format of expressive writing (EW) in reducing psychological distress among the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Hospitals with a quasi-experiment.MethodAltogether 244 patients were assigned to the EW group(n=122) and the control group(n=122). Besides the routine psychological intervention (broadcast relaxation training at a fixed time) in Fangcang hospitals, The EW group was engaged in 8-day theme-based adaption EW intervention, whereas the control group received no interventions. All the participants were tested with the Brief Profile of Mood States (BPOMS) and Inpatient Mental Health Preliminary Screening Scale(IMHPS) before and after the intervention. After the intervention, the writing quality and intervention satisfaction of the EW group were evaluated by a self-designed writing quality questionnaire and EW satisfaction questionnaire.ResultsThe results indicated that the EW significantly improved in the BPOMS test, whereas the control group showed no significant change. The IMHPS score in the control group was statistically deteriorated than that before intervention, whereas the EW group showed no significant change. The writing quality was highly correlated with the score change of BPMOS. The overall satisfaction of patients with EW was 81.13%.ConclusionEW can reduce psychological distress among the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Hospitals. The higher the quality of writing, the greater the improvement of mood states. As a new form of psychological intervention in Fangcang hospitals with high patient satisfaction, EW has a value of popularization and application.
Validation of the cross-cultural dementia screening test in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Delgado-Álvarez Alfonso , Delgado-Alonso Cristina , Goudsmit Miriam , García-Ramos Rocío , Gil-Moreno María José , Valles-Salgado María , Díez-Cirarda María , Zamarrón-Cassinello María Dolores , Matías-Guiu Jorge , Matias-Guiu Jordi A. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe Cross-Cultural Dementia (CCD) is a new screening tool to evaluate cognitive impairment based on a cross-cultural perspective to reduce the bias of education, and language and cultural differences. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic properties of the CCD in Spaniards for the assessment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in mild cognitive impairment (AD-MCI) and mild dementia stages (AD-D) and patients with mild cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI).MethodsSixty participants with AD (50% MCI) and thirty with PD-MCI were enrolled. Each clinical group was compared against a healthy control group (HC) with the same number of participants and no significant differences in age, education, and sex. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and CCD were completed. Intergroup comparisons, ROC curves, and cut-off scores were calculated for the study of diagnostic properties.ResultsIntergroup differences were found in accordance with the cognitive profile of each clinical condition. Memory measures (Objects test) were especially relevant for the classification between AD and HC. Memory and executive function scores (Sun-Moon and Dots tests) were useful in the case of PD-MCI and HC. Furthermore, CCD described differences in executive functions and speed scores comparing AD-MCI and PD-MCI. Correlations between standardized neuropsychological tests and CCD measures supported the convergent validity of the test.ConclusionCCD showed good discrimination properties and cut-off scores for dementia and extended its application to a sample of prodromal stages of AD and PD with mild cognitive impairment.
Profiling prefrontal cortex protein expression in rats exhibiting an incubation of cocaine craving following short-access self-administration procedures
Authors: Huerta Sanchez Laura L. , Sankaran Mathangi , Li Taylor L. , Doan Hoa , Chiu Alvin , Shulman Eleanora , Shab Gabriella , Kippin Tod E. , Szumlinski Karen K. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionIncubation of drug-craving refers to a time-dependent increase in drug cue-elicited craving that occurs during protracted withdrawal. Historically, rat models of incubated cocaine craving employed extended-access (typically 6 h/day) intravenous drug self-administration (IV-SA) procedures, although incubated cocaine craving is reported to occur following shorter-access IV-SA paradigms. The notoriously low-throughput of extended-access IV-SA prompted us to determine whether two different short-access IV-SA procedures akin to those in the literature result in qualitatively similar changes in glutamate receptor expression and the activation of downstream signaling molecules within prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions as those reported previously by our group under 6h-access conditions.MethodsFor this, adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to intravenously self-administer cocaine for 2 h/day for 10 consecutive days (2-h model) or for 6 h on day 1 and 2 h/day for the remaining 9 days of training (Mixed model). A sham control group was also included that did not self-administer cocaine.ResultsOn withdrawal day 3 or 30, rats were subjected to a 2-h test of cue-reinforced responding in the absence of cocaine and a time-dependent increase in drug-seeking was observed under both IV-SA procedures. Immunoblotting of brain tissue collected immediately following the cue test session indicated elevated phospho-Akt1, phospho-CaMKII and Homer2a/b expression within the prelimbic subregion of the PFC of cocaine-incubated rats. However, we failed to detect incubation-related changes in Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor or ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit expression in either subregion.DiscussionThese results highlight further a role for Akt1-related signaling within the prelimbic cortex in driving incubated cocaine craving, and provide novel evidence supporting a potential role also for CaMKII-dependent signaling through glutamate receptors in this behavioral phenomenon.
Clinical differences between men and women in a Swedish treatment-seeking population with gambling disorder
Authors: Miller Louise , Mide Mikael , Arvidson Elin , Söderpalm Gordh Anna 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to explore clinical differences in Swedish treatment-seeking men and women with gambling disorder (GD). As the prevalence of GD is increasing among women, even though men are still highly overrepresented, the characteristic differences between men and women seeking treatment become increasingly important.MethodA sample of 204 patients with GD (26.5% women and 73.5% men) at an outpatient clinic were diagnosed using the SCI-GD, screened for comorbid diagnoses using the MINI, and further completed a range of self-report questionnaires measuring demographics, GD, alcohol and other drug problems, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and pathways into gambling problems.ResultsSeveral characteristics differed between treatment-seeking men and women in our sample. Examples of differences between genders included age, onset age, living situation, duration, alcohol and drug problems, comorbidity, and pathways leading to gambling problems.DiscussionThe most evident difference was that women, in addition to GD, showed more symptoms of anxiety and depression than men, while men had a higher degree of substance use problems compared to women. The differences in clinical features between men and women are important to consider in treatment planning and possibly for future gender-based interventions.
Correlations between cortical gyrification and schizophrenia symptoms with and without comorbid hostility symptoms
Authors: Ferracuti Stefano , Del Casale Antonio , Romano Andrea , Gualtieri Ida , Lucignani Martina , Napolitano Antonio , Modesti Martina Nicole , Buscajoni Andrea , Zoppi Teodolinda , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Manelfi Lorenza , de Pisa Eleonora , Girardi Paolo , Mandarelli Gabriele , Parmigiani Giovanna , Rossi-Espagnet Maria Camilla , Pompili Maurizio , Bozzao Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionInterest in identifying the clinical implications of the neuropathophysiological background of schizophrenia is rising, including changes in cortical gyrification that may be due to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Inpatients with schizophrenia can show abnormal gyrification of cortical regions correlated with the symptom severity.MethodsOur study included 36 patients that suffered an acute episode of schizophrenia and have undergone structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to calculate the local gyrification index (LGI).ResultsIn the whole sample, the severity of symptoms significantly correlated with higher LGI in different cortical areas, including bilateral frontal, cingulate, parietal, temporal cortices, and right occipital cortex. Among these areas, patients with low hostility symptoms (LHS) compared to patients with high hostility symptoms (HHS) showed significantly lower LGI related to the severity of symptoms in bilateral frontal and temporal lobes.DiscussionThe severity of psychopathology correlated with higher LGI in large portions of the cerebral cortex, possibly expressing abnormal neural development in schizophrenia. These findings could pave the way for further studies and future tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Effectiveness of vortioxetine for major depressive disorder in real-world clinical practice: US cohort results from the global RELIEVE study
Authors: Mattingly Gregory , Brunner Elizabeth , Chrones Lambros , Lawrence Debra F. , Simonsen Kenneth , Ren Hongye 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionEffective treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) involves addressing both depressive and functional symptoms, increasing patients’ overall sense of well-being and quality of life (QoL).MethodsRELIEVE was an international observational, prospective study in patients ≥18 years with a current diagnosis of a major depressive episode (MDE) initiating vortioxetine in routine clinical practice; outcomes for the cohort of participants from the United States are presented here. Functioning was assessed at weeks 12 and 24 versus baseline using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Secondary effectiveness analyses assessed changes from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 in functioning, depression severity, cognitive symptoms, sexual function, and QoL.Results244 participants had an average of 8.2 previous MDEs; mean duration of their current MDE at baseline was 93.5 weeks. Vortioxetine was used as second- or later-line treatment for 80.5% of participants. Least-squares mean (SE) SDS total score significantly decreased from baseline by 7.19 (0.52) points at week 12 and 8.19 (0.56) points at week 24 (p &lt; 0.0001 for both). Significant improvements were also reflected across SDS subscores, depression severity, cognitive function, sexual function, and QoL. Healthcare resource utilization and productivity parameters also improved. Adverse events were observed in 21.8% of patients, with nausea being the most common (7.3%).ConclusionThis real-world study demonstrated improvements in functioning, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in patients with MDD treated with vortioxetine in routine clinical practice in the cohort of patients enrolled in the United States. Outcomes were consistent with the efficacy and safety profile of vortioxetine in randomized controlled trials.
Behavioral, cortical and autonomic effects of single-dose escitalopram on the induction and regulation of fear and disgust: Comparison with single-session psychological emotion regulation with reappraisal
Authors: Sklivanioti Greenfield Myrto , Wang Yanlu , Msghina Mussie 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAdaptive and successful emotion regulation, the ability to flexibly exert voluntary control over emotional experience and the ensuing behavior, is vital for optimal daily functioning and good mental health. In clinical settings, pharmacological and psychological interventions are widely employed to modify pathological emotion processing and ameliorate its deleterious consequences.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the acute effects of single-dose escitalopram on the induction and regulation of fear and disgust in healthy subjects. Furthermore, we compared these pharmacological effects with psychological emotion regulation that utilized a cognitive strategy with reappraisal. Emotion induction and regulation tasks were performed before and 4 h after ingestion of placebo or 10 mg escitalopram in a randomized, double-blind design. The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was used as a source of images, with threat-related pictures selected for fear and disease and contamination-related pictures for disgust. Behavioral data, electrodermal activity (EDA), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings were collected.ResultsEscitalopram significantly reduced emotion intensity for both fear and disgust during emotion induction, albeit with differing electrodermal and hemodynamic activity patterns for the two negative emotions. At rest, i.e., in the absence of emotive stimuli, escitalopram increased sympathetic activity during the fear but not during the disgust experiments. For both fear and disgust, emotion regulation with reappraisal was more effective in reducing emotion intensity compared to pharmacological intervention with escitalopram or placebo.DiscussionWe concluded that emotion regulation with reappraisal and acute administration of escitalopram, but not placebo, reduce emotion intensity for both fear and disgust, with cognitive regulation being significantly more efficient compared to pharmacological regulation under the conditions of this study. Results from the fNIRS and EDA recordings support the concept of differential mechanisms of emotion regulation that could be emotion-specific.
COVID-19 pandemic and mental healthcare: Impact on health insurance with guaranteed universal access in Chile
Authors: Toro-Devia Olga , Leyton Gonzalo 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundUniversal health coverage (UHC) is a goal of the member states of the United Nations. The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, inequalities in access to care, and financing gaps set a problematic scenario for universal mental health coverage. In Latin America, depression and anxiety disorders have increased by more than 30%. Chile implemented a reform for UHC in 2005 generating a mandatory guaranteed plan for health insurance (GES) that covers schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. We assume that the pandemic increased cases of mental illness in GES of public and private insurance.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the effects of the pandemic on the use of the GES mental health plan of public and private insurance.MethodsA descriptive analysis of secondary data from public and private insurance on the use and expenditure of the GES plan in mental illness between 2005 and 2020 was carried out. An aggregate analysis of the use of psychiatric consultations without a guaranteed plan and sick leave was performed.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2020, 18.5% of GES cases corresponded to four mental health illnesses (1,682,021 cases). Public insurance covered 80% of cases. In the pandemic, cases of mental illness fell by 10.5% in public insurance and 28.7% in private ones, reducing spending by 33 and 6.2%, respectively. Psychiatric consultations without using the GES plan doubled in 2020 in private insurance, and medical discharges due to mental illness also increased. Leave due to mental illness increased by 20% in both types of insurance.ConclusionThe results suggest that the demand for mental healthcare increased during the pandemic, but public and private health insurance reduced admissions to the GES universal plan for schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. A universal guaranteed plan in an individual contribution system can have essential weaknesses for people when the principles of social security are not complied with, especially concerning the solidarity of the health insurance system.
Association of schistosome infection with adiposity in Tanzania
Authors: Pham Khanh , PrayGod George , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Olsen Mette F. , Kavishe Bazil , Kitilya Brenda , Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , de Dood Claudia J. , Friis Henrik , Filteau Suzanne , Downs Jennifer A. , Peck Robert N. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundObservational studies in humans have reported a link between schistosome infection and lower adiposity, but this may be explained by socioeconomic and demographic factors, intensity of infection, or common co-infections such as HIV.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship between schistosome infection and adiposity in a large, well-described cohort of Tanzanian adults living with and without HIV. Cross-sectional data were collected among adults living in Mwanza, Tanzania who were enrolled in the Chronic Infections, Co-morbidities and Diabetes in Africa (CICADA) cohort study. Schistosome circulating anodic antigen, secreted by both Schistosoma mansoni and haematobium which are endemic to Tanzania, was quantified from stored samples. Schistosome infection diagnosed by serum circulating anodic antigen levels. The primary outcome was fat mass measured by bioimpedance analysis. Secondary outcomes included fat-free mass, waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and body mass index.ResultsThe study enrolled 1,947 adults, of whom 1,923 (98.8%) had serum available for schistosome testing. Of these, 873 (45.4%) had a serum circulating anodic antigen ≥30 pg/mL, indicating schistosome infection. Compared to uninfected individuals, those with schistosome infections had −1.1 kg [95% CI −1.9 to −0.3] lower fat mass after adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, tobacco use, education level, and socioeconomic status. Infected participants also had lower waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and body mass index. Fat-free mass was not different between the two groups. Neither being HIV-infected, nor receiving antiretroviral therapy, modified associations between schistosome infection and adiposity. These associations were also not affected by Schistosoma worm burden.ConclusionsSchistosome infection was associated with lower fat mass and less central adiposity without a difference in muscle mass, irrespective of confounders, HIV status, or the intensity of schistosome infection. Future studies should adjust for socioeconomic and demographic factors that are associated with schistosome infection and adiposity. Identifying mechanistic pathways by which schistosome infection reduces adiposity while preserving muscle mass could yield new strategies for obesity control and cardiovascular disease prevention.