bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ability of detecting and willingness to share fake news
Authors: Arin K. Peren , Mazrekaj Deni , Thum Marcel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBy conducting large-scale surveys in Germany and the United Kingdom, we investigate the individual-level determinants of the ability to detect fake news and the inclination to share it. We distinguish between deliberate and accidental sharing of fake news. We document that accidental sharing is much more common than deliberate sharing. Furthermore, our results indicate that older, male, high-income, and politically left-leaning respondents better detect fake news. We also find that accidental sharing decreases with age and is more prevalent among right-leaning respondents. Deliberate sharing of fake news is more prevalent among younger respondents in the United Kingdom. Finally, our results imply that respondents have a good assessment of their ability to detect fake news: those we identified as accidental sharers were also more likely to have admitted to having shared fake news.
Rapid and reliable re-design of miniaturized microwave passives by means of concurrent parameter scaling and intermittent local tuning
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRe-design of microwave passive components for the assumed operating frequencies or substrate parameters is an important yet a tedious process. It requires simultaneous tuning of relevant circuit variables, often over broad ranges thereof, to ensure satisfactory performance of the system. If the operating conditions at the available design are distant from the intended ones, local optimization is typically insufficient, whereas global search entails excessive computational expenses. The problem is aggravated for miniaturized components, typically featuring large numbers of geometry parameters. Furthermore, owing to their tightly-arranged layouts, compact structures exhibit considerable cross-coupling effects. In order to reliably evaluate electrical characteristics under such conditions full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis is mandatory. Needless to say, EM-driven design over broad ranges of operating frequencies is an arduous and costly endeavor. In this paper, we introduce a novel procedure for rapid and reliable re-design of microwave passives. Our methodology involves concurrent scaling of geometry parameters interleaved with local (gradient-based) tuning. The scaling stage allows for low-cost relocation of the operating frequencies of the circuit, whereas the optimization stage ensures continuous (iteration-wise) alignment of the performance figures with their target values. The presented framework is validated using several miniaturized microstrip couplers, re-designed over extended ranges of the center frequencies. For all considered structures, satisfactory designs are successfully identified despite the initial designs being distant from the targets, whereas local tuning turns out to be demonstrably inferior. Apart from its efficacy, one of the most important advantages of the proposed framework is its simplicity, and the lack of problem-dependent control parameters.
A novel approach with a fuzzy sliding mode proportional integral control algorithm tuned by fuzzy method (FSMPIF)
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn automobile's vibration can be caused by stimulation from the road's surface. The change in displacement and acceleration values of the sprung mass is used to evaluate the automobile's vibration. Utilizing an active suspension system is recommended in order to attain an increased level of ride comfort. This article presents a novel strategy for regulating the operation of an active suspension system that has been put up for consideration. The PI (Proportional Integral) algorithm, the SMC (Sliding Mode Control) algorithm, and the Fuzzy algorithm served as the basis for developing the FSMPIF algorithm. The signal generated by the SMC algorithm is what is used as the input for the Fuzzy algorithm. In addition, the settings of the PI controller are modified with the help of yet another Fuzzy algorithm. These two Fuzzy methods operate independently from one another and in a setting that is wholly distinct from one another. This algorithm was created in a wholly original and novel way. Using a numerical modelling technique, the vibration of automobiles is investigated with a particular emphasis on two distinct usage situations. In each case, a comparison is made between four different circumstances. Once the FSMPIF method is implemented, the results of the simulation process have demonstrated that the values of displacement and acceleration of the sprung mass are significantly decreased. This was determined by looking at the values before and after implementing the new algorithm. In the first case, these figures do not surpass a difference of 2.55% compared to automobiles that use passive suspension systems. The second case sees these figures falling short of 12.59% in total. As a direct result, the automobile's steadiness and level of comfort have been significantly improved.
Structural, optical, and cytotoxicity studies of laser irradiated ZnO doped borate bioactive glasses
Authors: Ghazy Ahmed R. , Elmowafy B. M. , Abdelghany A. M. , Meaz T. M. , Ghazy R. , Ramadan R. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBorate glasses (BG) doped with different amounts of ZnO (0–0.6 mol%) were formed by the traditional melt quenching technique. The different glasses so made were characterized using different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV–Vis absorption optical properties. The XRD patterns showed an amorphous structure with one broad peak at 2θ = 29°, while the phonons bands were studied in terms of the FTIR bands. Optical properties of the glasses were studied using UV–Vis absorption spectra in the range 190–1100 nm, in which the prominent band lies at about 261.5 nm of peak position, from which the bandgab (Eg) was calculated from its edge using Tauc’s plot, with Eg ~ 3.5 eV. The laser irradiation showed no significant changes in the absorption bands, despite a significant change observed in the amorphous behavior in the XRD pattern. The cell viability was performed for two samples of the BG and 0.6 mol% ZnO doped using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. The result showed better cell viability and low toxicity. So, ZnO doped BG can be used in various biomedical applications.
A new regional cotton growth model based on reference crop evapotranspiration for predicting growth processes
Authors: Lin Shudong , Deng Mingjiang , Wei Kai , Wang Quanjiu , Su Lijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeteorological conditions and irrigation amounts are key factors that affect crop growth processes. Typically, crop growth and development are modeled as a function of time or growing degree days (GDD). Although the most important component of GDD is temperature, it can vary significantly year to year while also gradually shifting due to climate changes. However, cotton is highly sensitive to various meteorological factors, and reference crop evapotranspiration (ETO) integrates the primary meteorological factors responsible for global dryland extension and aridity changes. This paper constructs a cotton growth model using ETO, which improves the accuracy of crop growth simulation. Two cotton growth models based on the logistic model established using GDD or ETO as independent factors are evaluated in this paper. Additionally, this paper examines mathematical models that relate irrigation amount and irrigation water utilization efficiency (IWUE) to the maximum leaf area index (LAImax) and cotton yield, revealing some key findings. First, the model using cumulative reference crop evapotranspiration (CETO) as the independent variable is more accurate than the one using cumulative growing degree days. To better reflect the effects of meteorological conditions on cotton growth, this paper recommends using CETO as the independent variable to establish cotton growth models. Secondly, the maximum cotton yield is 7171.7 kg/ha when LAImax is 6.043 cm2/cm2, the corresponding required irrigation amount is 518.793 mm, and IWUE is 21.153 kg/(ha·mm). Future studies should consider multiple associated meteorological factors and use ETO crop growth models to simulate and predict crop growth and yield.
Trophic relationship between Salix flowers, Orthosia moths and the western barbastelle
Authors: Apoznański Grzegorz , Carr Andrew , Gelang Magnus , Kokurewicz Tomasz , Rachwald Alek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present the results of a study which describes the relationship between the western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus a highly specialised moth predator, and its prey—moths of the genus Orthosia, another selective animal known to converge around a dominant producer of pollen and nectar in early spring—willow trees Salix sp. In order to describe this trophic relationship, we conducted acoustic recordings at five paired sites (willow/control tree) in proximity to known barbastelle hibernation sites (Natura 2000: PLH080003 and PLH200014) beginning in mid-March 2022 after the first willow blossom sighting. Our study confirms a relationship between willow trees and barbastelles during early spring, as their activity around them was significantly higher than control sites. We also explore the activity of barbastelles over time, finding that activity levels around willows significantly decrease from the night of the first recorded bat, while the abundance of non-moth specialist bats remains consistent. Short-time importance (directly after hibernation) of willows for a moth specialist bat is probably due to other species blossom, attracting alternative prey, and in consequence—the bat. This newly described relationship should influence current conservation measures aimed at barbastelles.
The prevalence and factors associated with obesity and hypertension in university academic staff: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nurshad , Ahmed Shamim , Mahmood Shakil , Trisha Aporajita Das , Mahmud Firoz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObesity is a major risk factor for hypertension, type 2 diabetes and other morbidities. On the other hand, hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. The presence of obesity in hypertensive persons increases cardiovascular risk and related mortality. Data on the prevalence of obesity and hypertension in academic staff in Bangladesh are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with obesity and hypertension among university academic staff in Bangladesh. In total, 352 academic staff were enrolled in this study from two universities in Bangladesh. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on anthropometric, demographic and lifestyle-related factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with obesity and hypertension. Overall, the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and hypertension was 26.7%, 46.9% and 33.7%, respectively. Female staff had a significantly higher prevalence of both general and abdominal obesity (41% and 64.1%, respectively) than male staff (21.5% and 34.9%, respectively) (p < 0.001). In contrast, male staff had a higher prevalence of hypertension (36.9%) than female staff (25.6%)(p < 0.001). An increased prevalence of hypertension was found in the higher BMI and WC groups of the participants. The prevalence of general obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension was higher in the 30–40 years, > 50 years and 41–50 years age groups, respectively. According to the regression analysis, female gender and inadequate physical activity were independently associated with general and abdominal obesity. On the other hand, increased age, BMI, WC, presence of diabetes and smoking showed a significant association with hypertension. In conclusion, the prevalence of obesity and hypertension was higher among university academic staff members in Bangladesh. Our findings suggest that comprehensive screening programs are needed to facilitate the diagnosis, control, and prevention of obesity and hypertension in high-risk population groups.
Variational relevance evaluation of individual fMRI data enables deconstruction of task-dependent neural dynamics
Authors: Lv Xiaoyu , Funahashi Shintaro , Li Chunlin , Wu Jinglong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn neuroimaging research, univariate analysis has always been used to localize “representations” at the microscale, whereas network approaches have been applied to characterize transregional “operations”. How are representations and operations linked through dynamic interactions? We developed the variational relevance evaluation (VRE) method to analyze individual task fMRI data, which selects informative voxels during model training to localize the “representation”, and quantifies the dynamic contributions of single voxels across the whole-brain to different cognitive functions to characterize the “operation”. Using 15 individual fMRI data files for higher visual area localizers, we evaluated the characterization of selected voxel positions of VRE and revealed different object-selective regions functioning in similar dynamics. Using another 15 individual fMRI data files for memory retrieval after offline learning, we found similar task-related regions working in different neural dynamics for tasks with diverse familiarities. VRE demonstrates a promising horizon in individual fMRI research.
Dynamic proteome trade-offs regulate bacterial cell size and growth in fluctuating nutrient environments
Authors: Kratz Josiah C. , Banerjee Shiladitya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBacteria dynamically regulate cell size and growth to thrive in changing environments. While previous studies have characterized bacterial growth physiology at steady-state, a quantitative understanding of bacterial physiology in time-varying environments is lacking. Here we develop a quantitative theory connecting bacterial growth and division rates to proteome allocation in time-varying nutrient environments. In such environments, cell size and growth are regulated by trade-offs between prioritization of biomass accumulation or division, resulting in decoupling of single-cell growth rate from population growth rate. Specifically, bacteria transiently prioritize biomass accumulation over production of division machinery during nutrient upshifts, while prioritizing division over growth during downshifts. When subjected to pulsatile nutrient concentration, we find that bacteria exhibit a transient memory of previous metabolic states due to the slow dynamics of proteome reallocation. This allows for faster adaptation to previously seen environments and results in division control which is dependent on the time-profile of fluctuations.
In situ observation of glass-like fragmentation of high-temperature silicate melts generating fine ashes
Authors: Namiki Atsuko , Okumura Satoshi , Goto Akio , Yamada Tsutomu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVolcanic ash originating from the fragmentation of magma damages infrastructure and the environment. Bubble expansion is crucial in magma fragmentation, but low-intensity eruptions frequently emit ashes with fewer bubbles. We here conducted tensional experiments on silicate melt at a high temperature, at which the melt elongates or fractures depending on the strain rate. A fracture occurs by appearing of a crack on the melted silicate rod, followed by a generation of small fragments. The fracture surface shows a smooth and rough region dichotomy, similar to those observed on glass fracture surfaces at room temperature. The rough surface region generates small fragments. Interestingly, the measured stress-strain curves indicate fragmentation occurs under viscous deformation. These results suggest that silicate melts under viscous deformation fragment, as glass does at room temperature. The ductility around the crack tip promotes void nucleation and coalescence, causing the crack to branch to generate dense, fine volcanic ashes.
MagTrack: A Wearable Tongue Motion Tracking System for Silent Speech Interfaces
Authors: Cao Beiming , Ravi Shravan , Sebkhi Nordine , Bhavsar Arpan , Inan Omer T. , Xu Wen , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:Current electromagnetic tongue tracking devices are not amenable for daily use and thus not suitable for silent speech interface and other applications. We have recently developed MagTrack, a novel wearable electromagnetic articulograph tongue tracking device. This study aimed to validate MagTrack for potential silent speech interface applications.Method:We conducted two experiments: (a) classification of eight isolated vowels in consonant–vowel–consonant form and (b) continuous silent speech recognition. In these experiments, we used data from healthy adult speakers collected with MagTrack. The performance of vowel classification was measured by accuracies. The continuous silent speech recognition was measured by phoneme error rates. The performance was then compared with results using data collected with commercial electromagnetic articulograph in a prior study.Results:The isolated vowel classification using MagTrack achieved an average accuracy of 89.74% when leveraging all MagTrack signals (x,y,zcoordinates; orientation; and magnetic signals), which outperformed the accuracy using commercial electromagnetic articulograph data (onlyy,zcoordinates) in our previous study. The continuous speech recognition from two subjects using MagTrack achieved phoneme error rates of 73.92% and 66.73%, respectively. The commercial electromagnetic articulograph achieved 64.53% from the same subject (66.73% using MagTrack data).Conclusions:MagTrack showed comparable results with the commercial electromagnetic articulograph when using the same localized information. Adding raw magnetic signals would improve the performance of MagTrack. Our preliminary testing demonstrated the potential for silent speech interface as a lightweight wearable device. This work also lays the foundation to support MagTrack's potential for other applications including visual feedback–based speech therapy and second language learning.
From the Rocky Coast and Across the Mountaintops: Maine's Collaborative Early Intervention Program for Children Who Are D/deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Puhlman Jane , Spencer Amy , Hopkins Karen , Lepage Naomi 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to share the old and new process of early intervention services in Maine for children who are D/deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), the Exploring Language and Communication Opportunities (ELCO) process and resources available to families of children who are DHH living in Maine.

Conclusions:
Prior to 2016, families in Maine with children who are DHH were referred to multiple agencies for services, causing confusion and increased stress. In addition, when gathering information to better support their child, families were receiving conflicting information across their service providers. With a new referral process and ELCO, a unified message related to communication and language opportunities is shared, as well as the resources available in the community.
Augmented driver behavior models for high‐fidelity simulation study of crash detection algorithms
Authors: Jami Ahura , Razzaghpour Mahdi , Alnuweiri Hussein , Fallah Yaser P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeveloping safety and efficiency applications for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) requires a great deal of testing and evaluation. The need for the operation of these systems in critical and dangerous situations makes the burden of their evaluation very costly, possibly dangerous, and time‐consuming. As an alternative, researchers attempt to study and evaluate their algorithms and designs using simulation platforms. Modeling the behavior of drivers or human operators in CAVs or other vehicles interacting with them is one of the main challenges of such simulations. While developing a perfect model for human behavior is a challenging task and an open problem, a significant augmentation of the current models used in simulators for driver behavior is presented. In this paper, a simulation framework for a hybrid transportation system is presented that includes both human‐driven and automated vehicles. In addition, the human driving task is decomposed and a modular approach is offered to simulate a large‐scale traffic scenario, allowing for a thorough investigation of automated and active safety systems. Such representation through Interconnected modules offers a human‐interpretable system that can be tuned to represent different classes of drivers. Additionally, a large driving dataset is analyzed to extract expressive parameters that would best describe different driving characteristics. Finally, a similarly dense traffic scenario is recreated within the simulator and a thorough analysis of various human‐specific and system‐specific factors is conducted, studying their effect on traffic network performance and safety.
Wind farm repowering optimization: a techno‐economic‐aesthetic approach
Authors: Tao Siyu , Zhang Chaohai , Feijóo Andrés , Kim Victor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen a wind farm (WF) approaches the end of its life cycle, repowering is another opportunity for wind energy to prove its value. This paper proposes an optimization framework to guide the WF repowering, considering the power generation, the economic cost, and the aesthetic of the WF when various types of new wind turbines (WTs) are added. When calculating the wake deficits inside the WF, a three‐dimensional (3‐D) Gaussian wake model is applied which considers the height differences among the new WTs. A harmony pattern metric is used to assess the visual impact of the rebuilt WF. This optimization problem is formulated as an integer programming (IP) problem and is tackled by the integer particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. The wind data used for this optimization procedure is predicted by the auto‐regressive (AR) model. The case study on the OWEZ WF verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is also validated that the application of predicted wind data is better than the historical data for WF repowering optimization.
Application of data analysis in product selection of cross-border e-commerce
Authors: Luo Aling , Long Lanruoyun , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2023

In order to better understand the relationship between data analysis and cross-border selection, and apply the practical application skills of cross-border selection better. The author sorted out several commonly used analysis tools, analysis the steps and the methods of cross-border e-commerce. This paper mainly introduces the role of cross-border e-commerce product selection and the application of data analysis in cross-border e-commerce product selection. At the same time, this paper also analyzed three techniques of data analysis in cross-border e-commerce product selection. Cross-border selection is the basis of cross-border e-commerce operation. In the process of scientific selection, it is necessary to judge the potential of products through data analysis. Correct selection can not only save time, the most important is to improve the efficiency and effect of product operation.
There is still a saying circulating in the cross-border e-commerce industry: seventy percent depend on the selection of products, thirty percent depend on operation.