bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Water Quality Assessment of Kanke Dam and Dhurwa Dam in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Authors: PRASAD SANDEEP , VERMA SHREYA 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present work deals with the Comparative study of Water Quality Assessment of two water body’s sample collected from three sites of the Kanke Dam and the Dhurwa Dam in Ranchi. The drinking water supply to the major population of Ranchi depends on the Kanke Dam. It is therefore essential to monitor the water Quality at regular intervals of time. Water samples from the various parts of the dams were collected and analysis was carried out on the parameters such as pH, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Dissolved oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand. The ranges of various parameters of water of both areas under-studied obtained were pH (7.19–7.45), Conductivity (114.8- 441.5 µs/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (67.42–265.2 mg/L), Total Alkalinity (44–147 mg/L), Total Hardness (64.8–145 mg/L), Calcium (7.85–52.8 mg/L), Magnesium (3.72–11.70 mg/L), Chloride (6.97–54.90 mg/L) and DO (3-8.40 mg/L) and BOD (2.10–2.80 mg/L). The study reveals that some analytical aspects are higher than the prescribed limit by the WHO and BIS standard. The Methodology for water quality assessment is taken from BIS standard method for the various parameters. Some of the sampling sites of the dams can be categorized as hyper eutrophic that indicates the water at that site is unfit for domestic use. The outer skirt of the dam is shrunk considerably due to the aggressive rapid urbanization process and uncontrollable encroachment. We need to spread awareness among people in order maintain these water body free from pollution.
Causal effect of racial bias in machine learning algorithms affecting user persuasiveness &amp; decision-making: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sengupta Kinshuk , Srivast Praveen Ranjan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Language data and models demonstrate various types of bias, be it ethnic, religious, gender, or socioeconomic. AI/NLP models, when trained on the racially biased dataset, AI/NLP models instigate poor model explainability, influence user experience during decision making, and thus further magnify societal biases, raising profound ethical implications for society. The motivation of the study is to investigate how AI systems imbibe bias introduced in data and further produce unexplainable discriminatory outcomes. This implication of the study will aid in understanding how machine learning models imbibe bias from data and try to influence individuals' articulateness of system outcomes due to bias features. The design of the experiment involves studying the counterfactual impact of racial bias features present in language datasets and its associated effect on the model outcome. A mixed research methodology is adopted to investigate the cross implication of biased model outcome on user experience effect on decision-making through controlled lab experimentation. The findings provide foundation support for correlating the importance of carry-over an artificial intelligence model solving NLP task due to biased concept presented in the dataset. Further, the research outcomes justify the negative influence on users' persuasiveness1 that leads to altering the decision-making quotient of an individual when trying to rely on the model outcome to act. The paper bridges the gap across the harm caused in establishing poor user trustworthiness due to an inequitable system design and provides strong support for researchers, policymakers, and data scientists to build responsible AI frameworks within organizations.
1 Refer to abbreviation in appendix for more explanation
The introduction of digital imaging for retinopathy of prematurity screening is independently associated to higher disease detection: a real-life study
Authors: Desurmont Marie-Gwenola , Bremond-Gignac Dominique , Torchin Héloïse , Vacherot Brigitte , Jarreau Pierre-Henri , Daruich Alejandra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis was modified after the introduction of wide-field imaging for ROP screening compared to previously used binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) in real-life conditions.
Methods: Records of consecutive premature newborns screened for ROP in a level-3 reference center, over two 1-year periods, were retrospectively reviewed. Screening was performed by ophthalmologists using BIO in 2014, and digital wide-field retinal imaging (PanocamTM pro) in 2019. Systemic factors potentially influencing the occurrence of ROP were investigated using uni- and multivariable linear regression followed by stepwise forward regression.
Results: Records of N=297 patients were analyzed (N=159 in 2014 and N=138 in 2019). The proportion of ROP diagnosed at any stage, over the total number of neonates screened, was significantly higher in 2019 (n=46/138, 33.1%) compared to 2014 (n=11/159, 6.9%) (p<0.0001). Most neonates presented with mild forms of ROP during both 1-year periods analyzed. After adjustment for all parameters influencing ROP occurrence, the variables contributing independently to the diagnosis of any stage of ROP were birth weight (p=0.002), duration of mechanical ventilation (p=0.028) and wide-field fundus camera assisted screening (p<0.001).
Conclusions: After adjusting for many recognized systemic factors influencing the development of ROP, screening by wide-field digital retinal imaging was independently associated to higher ROP detection.
Gelatin Cryogels Enriched with Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia): Characterization and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: VARLIK Simge , BAYRAK Gülsen , DEMİRÇELİK Işık PERÇİN 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Cryogel, which is a frequently used polymer material in recent years, has begun to be evaluated together with alternative treatment methods. Especially, therapeutic effectiveness of cryogels has been gradually increased with the contribution of biocompatible materials and plant ingredients. Natural polymers are known for their high biocompatibility, so there are many studies focusing on the relationship between structure and function in plant-based biopolymers. As a result, various dressing materials including gelatin, alginate, chitosan (CS), inorganic materials have been developed as biopolymers. In this study, gelatin-based cryogels containing three different concentrations of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree plant) oil (TTO-GCry) were synthesized under the specified conditions and characterization studies were carried out Their antibacterial activity was evaluated by using two bacterial strains (E.coli and S. aureus). As a result of the evaluation, the antibacterial effectiveness of the developed cryogels on E. coli was between 21–50%, and on S. aureus it was between 28–72%. It can be stated that an increase in the amount of tea tree oil within the cryogel leads to an increase in its antibacterial effectiveness. This cryogel, which has antimicrobial properties, is composed of natural materials and has an environmentally-friendly structure. Its macroporous structure allows it to be used for multifunctional purposes, especially as a hemostatic agent in emergency situations and as a wound dressing material in wound healing.
The Characteristic properties of the Solar Activities during the Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Kaplan Kaan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Solar cycle 24 began in December 2008 and finished December 2019. Solar activities during this period was observed. Magnetic field intesity is given with the help of the Wilcox Solar Observatory Sunspot numbers are presented with the data obtained from WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory. Sunspot number comparison with previous cycles is exhibited. Sunspot area distribution is created with the data obtained from the Max Planck Institute. Flare Index intensity is indicated and the data is presented by the Kandilli Observatory at Bogazici University. Hemisphere asymmetries in terms of sunspots and solar flare index are calculated. T he number of solar flares that occur at the highest intensity (X-class) during this cycle are presented and the data obtained from the NOAA/SWPC. The characteristics of Coronal Mass Ejection events are given with using the LASCO coronagraph operated on SOHO mission. From Space Weather Canada, Solar radio flux distribution and comparison with previous cycle was studied.
Effects of sedentary activity and physical activity on bone mineral density and fat in America: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2018
Authors: Lin Zhao , Shi Guang , Liao Xun , Luo Xue , Liu Wei , Cai Xiyu , Zhan Hongrui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Summary
We compared the relationship between sedentary activity (SA) and physical activity (PA) with bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage in the United States and found a negative association between SA and BMD and a positive association with body fat percentage. a positive association between PA and BMD and a negative association with body fat percentage.
Introduction
SA and PA are associated with changes in skeletal parameters and body fat percentage, and we aimed to investigate and compare the relationship between SA, PA and bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage in men and women.
Methods
We assessed the relationship between SA, PA and BMD and body fat percentage in 9249 Americans aged 20-80 years (mean age 38.26 ± 11.39 years) from NHANES 2011-2018.BMD and body fat percentage were measured by dual-energy X-ray bone densitometry (DXA). We used multiple linear regression models to examine the relationships between SA, PA and total BMD and total body fat percentage, adjusted for a large number of confounding factors.
Results
After adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, alcohol and smoking behavior, body mass index (BMI), total protein, blood calcium, blood uric acid, cholesterol, blood phosphorus, and blood urea nitrogen, SA was negatively associated with total BMD (β =-0.002 95% CI: -0. 003-0.001, P < 0.001) and SA was positively associated with total lipid percentage (β =0.149 95% CI: 0.111-0.186, P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between multiple PAs and BMD and a negative correlation between multiple PAs and percent body fat.
Conclusions
Our results show that physical activity is a key component of maintaining bone health in both men and women and is strongly associated with lower body fat percentages. Sedentary activity has deleterious effects on skeletal homeostasis and is strongly associated with increased body fat percentage. Healthcare policymakers should advise people to be less sedentary and more physically active in the prevention of osteoporosis and obesity.
Hazard Experiences, Concerns and Responses in Coastal Municipalities and Communities: Insights from Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Heim Amy , Charles Anthony 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The majority of the human population lives adjacent to coastal waters, where in recent years, climate change has both exasperated existing hazards and produced new hazards for coastal communities. Due to the key role municipalities play in addressing hazards faced by coastal communities, it is important to understand the relationship between the municipal level and the community level, in order that more can be done to alleviate community concerns over hazards. This study incorporates a hazard survey conducted across 21 coastal communities in Nova Scotia, Canada. For each community, municipal documents (by-laws/policies/plans) were compared with community experiences obtained in the survey. While municipal documents play a key role in how a community responds to a hazard, our study shows that municipal by-laws/policies do not always reflect the concerns of coastal communities. This may explain why communities have a high degree of concern regarding specific hazards. Municipalities are typically aware of, and have plans to, address hazards of concern to coastal communities, but turning these plans into reality is difficult due to financial constraints and lack of political support. The results discussed in this paper have broad applicability, as many of the hazards and community circumstances observed here are shared by coastal communities across the globe.
New charged anisotropic solution on paraboloidal spacetime
Authors: Patel Rinkal , Ratanpal B. S. , Pandya D. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
New exact solutions of Einstein's field equations for charged stellar models by assuming linear equation of state $ P_r=A(\rho-\rho_{a}) $, where $ P_r $ is the radial pressure and $ \rho_{a} $ is the surface density. By assuming $ e^{\lambda} = 1+\frac{r^2}{R^2} $ for metric potential. The physical acceptability conditions of the model are investigated, and the model is compatible with several compact star candidates like 4U 1820-30, PSR J1903+327, EXO 1785-248, Vela X-1, PSR J1614-2230, Cen X-3. A noteworthy feature of the model is that it satisfies all the conditions needed for a physically acceptable model.
A phase 1b study of the allosteric extracellular FGFR2 inhibitor alofanib in patients with pretreated advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Tsimafeyeu Ilya , Statsenko Galina , Vladimirova Liubov , Besova Natalia , Raskin Grigory , Rykov Ivan , Mochalova Anastasia , Utyashev Igor , Gorbacheva Svetlana , Kazey Vasily , Gavrilova Evgenia , Dragun Nadezhda , Moiseyenko Vladimir , Tjulandin Sergei , Artamonova Elena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Alofanib is a small-molecule allosteric extracellular FGFR2 inhibitor. We report safety and preliminary efficacy from the first-in-human phase 1b study of alofanib in heavily pretreated patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Methods
The standard dose-escalation design 3 + 3 aimed to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Alofanib was administered daily intravenously 5 days on, 2 days off. There were five dose levels (50–350 mg/m2). All patients received alofanib until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Results
21 patients were enrolled. Patients were predominantly male (71%), 67% had 2 and more metastatic sites, including liver metastases (43%), 19% had ECOG PS 2, and were heavily pretreated (86% had previous 2 and more treatment lines). During dose escalation, no dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and MTD was not defined. 15 (71.4%) patients had at least one adverse event associated with the treatment (TRAE). Grade 3 or higher TRAEs were observed in 6 patients (28.6%). The most common TRAEs included reactions immediately after administration, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, arthralgia, and headache. The median progression-free survival and overall survival was 3.63 (95% CI 1.58–5.68) and 7.0 (95% CI 3.82–10.18) months, respectively. The 6- and 12-month overall survival rates were 57.1% and 33.3%. Disease control rate was 68% with one durable partial response.
Conclusions
The MTD has not been reached and dose of 350 mg/m2, 5 days on, 2 days off has been declared as RP2D. Alofanib showed acceptable tolerability and preliminary signs of clinical activity in the late-line treatment of metastatic gastric cancer.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT04071184
Investigation of the mechanism of novel molten salt electrolysis of Cu2S at 473 K for the production of Cu metal and elemental S
Authors: Lee Tae-Hyuk , Kang Hee-Nam , Lee Jin-Young , Kang Jungshin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A fundamental study to understand the mechanism of the novel electrolysis of chalcocite (Cu2S) in a cuprous chloride (CuCl) – potassium chloride (KCl) molten salt was conducted to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly copper (Cu) metal production process. To measure the estimated decomposition voltage of the Cu2S feedstock and supporting electrolyte, the redox potentials of CuCl and Cu2S in the CuCl – KCl molten salt were measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The redox potential of CuCl was analyzed by considering impurities, phases, and molecular structures. The estimated decomposition voltages of Cu2S and CuCl in the CuCl – KCl molten salt were 0.31 and 0.75 V at 473 K, respectively. In addition, the electrolysis of Cu2S was conducted using a Cu cathode and carbon (C) anode in the CuCl – KCl molten salt under an applied current of 0.043 A at 473 K for 24 h. After electrolysis was completed, Cu metal with a purity of 99.99 % and elemental S were obtained with a current efficiency of 98.6 % without sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas generation. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the production of Cu metal through an efficient and environmentally friendly method using the electrolysis of Cu2S is feasible.
Monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integration of two-dimensional (2D) field effect transistors
Authors: Jayachandran Darsith , Pendurthi Rahul , Trainor Nicholas , Han Ying , Redwing Joan , Yang Yang , Das Saptarshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) integration is an emerging technology that is revolutionizing the semiconductor industry. On one hand, it enables the packaging of more devices per unit volume, also referred to as “More Moore”, while on the other hand, it empowers multifunctionality, also known as “More than Moore”, both of which are key toward the development of low-cost, energy-efficient, and high-performance smart electronic systems. While silicon-based 3D integrated circuits (ICs) are already commercially available, there is limited effort on 3D integration of emerging nanomaterials such as two-dimensional (2D) materials despite their novel functionalities that may benefit many applications. Here we demonstrate monolithic 3D integration of a large volume (in excess of 600 transistors in each tier) of aggressively scaled field effect transistors (FETs) based on monolayer MoS2 at low-thermal budget (with processing temperature < 185 °C). We also realize 3D circuits and demonstrate multifunctional capabilities including sensing, memory storage, as well as logic gates in any tier across the 3D stack. We believe that our demonstration will pave the path for more sophisticated, highly dense, and functionally divergent ICs with a larger number of tiers integrated monolithically in the third dimension.
Determinants of Rural Households’ Non-farm Participation in West Ethiopia; Empirical evidence from Horo Guduru Wollega Zone
Authors: Tesgera Wakuma Dufera , Beyene Amsalu Bedemo , Wakjira Temesgen Kebede 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Farm and non-farm activities are playing an important role in improving the lives of rural families. However, non-farming activities are determined by various factors. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the variables that affect non-farm participation. Both a descriptive and an econometric model were used to analyze this issue. Mean and percentage were used as descriptive methods, while the binary probit model was used to try to explain the econometric model. Variables such as age, distance to market, access to credit, training, land size, membership in iqub, and marital status significantly determine non-farm participation. The recommendation of the results of this study was that the government should focus on gender equality, land tenure, providing various pieces of training, and establishing infrastructure connecting rural and urban areas such as roads, electricity, and telephone services to improve the livelihood of rural families.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Recipients in Saskatchewan: A Patient-Oriented Realist Evaluation
Authors: Azizian Amir Reza , Skrapek Candace , Andreas Brenda , Farthing Gerald , Yasinian Maryam , Muhajarine Nazeem , Verrall Tanya , Hartness Collin , Vanstone Jason , Groot Gary , Carr Tracey 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background:
When the COVID-19 vaccination program started in Saskatchewan, Canada, there was a need to understand what worked or did not work during the vaccination pilot phase that took place in Regina, Saskatoon, and Prince Albert to plan for improved vaccine uptake. This evaluation study had three objectives: a) to document the vaccination implementation plan in the three pilot sites; b) to understand how, for whom, in which circumstances, and why the plan led to vaccine uptake from the perspectives of eligible vaccine recipients; and c) to establish program theories that could be adapted to multiple settings.
Methods:
We conducted a patient-oriented realist evaluation of the Saskatchewan’s vaccination pilot phase that happened from December 2020 to March 2021. The study comprised of three iterative phases, including developing initial program theories (IPTs) by reviewing literature as well as Saskatchewan’s COVID-19 vaccination delivery plan (phase one), testing the IPTs by conducting interviews with vaccine recipients (phase two), and developing final program theories (PTs) by refining the IPTs (phase three). Three patient and family partners were fully engaged at each phase. A retroductive approach was used to analyze qualitative data.
Results:
Virtual interviews were performed with six participants representing each group of eligible vaccine recipients (ICU/ED physicians, nurses, and healthcare workers; long-term care [LTC] managers and healthcare workers; and family members and care givers of LTC residents on behalf of LTC residents). In the three final PTs, 12 contextual factors and 14 casual mechanisms resulted in an intermediate outcome of vaccine willingness or hesitancy which then led to vaccine uptake as an outcome of interest. Communication (e.g., social media, internal and external sources of communication) and trust (e.g., in leadership and medical professionals), were the most prominent contextual factor and causal mechanism, respectively.
Conclusions:
Our final program theories displayed the complexity and interconnectedness of contexts and mechanisms. Some mechanisms were activated for some participants, and not for others, depending on their circumstances which consequently affected vaccine uptake. These findings suggest the need for more tailored strategies to address vaccine recipients’ specific needs and conditions.