bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A molecular simulation study on the sintering mechanism of TiO2
Authors: Yang Shipeng , Liu Lang , Liu Yu , Hong Ye 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe sintering process of TiO2 nanoparticles with different particle sizes and temperatures was studied thoroughly using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that when two nanoparticles contact, the sintering process was initiated by the merge of surface atoms of nanoparticles, and the process subsequently drives the internal atom to merge until two particles being merged homogeneously. There is mutual attraction between atoms and the particles gain kinetic energy to migrate due to the heating at high temperatures, leading to a faster sintering reaction. Moreover, there is a large difference in the sintering speed between 1600 and 1800 K. In the vicinity of the melting point, a small change in temperature makes a great impact on the sintering rate of TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, by using the Lindemann index, it can be found that the larger particles have higher lattice structure stability compared to the smaller ones. The larger particle has a greater effect on the sintering behaviors when particles with different sizes’ contact. As a consequence, the sintering of two particles with different sizes is mainly initiated by the smaller particles moving toward the larger particle and is ended up with the atoms of smaller particle spreading around the larger particle. Therefore, the large nanoparticle size reduces the overall sintering rate.
Counter explanation and consider the opposite: Do corrective strategies reduce biased assimilation and attitude polarization in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeople have conflicting opinions on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), from disagreements about the vaccine's effectiveness to competing claims about the need for restrictions. The present two studies (Ns = 262 and 250) examined whether COVID‐19 beliefs had a confirmatory impact on how belief‐relevant scientific research is evaluated and whether the use of corrective strategies (counter explanation and consider the opposite) reduces this bias. While biased assimilation (belief‐consistent studies were evaluated more positively than belief‐inconsistent studies) and perceived attitude polarization (participants reported that their beliefs became more extreme) effects were strong and consistent, evidence for overcoming these biases was mixed. Whereas considering the opposite had a corrective effect on biased assimilation and perceived attitude polarization, counter explanation depolarized actual attitude change.
Pretest Item Calibration in Computerized Multistage Adaptive Testing
Authors: Karatoprak Ersen Rabia , Lee Won‐Chan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare calibration and linking methods for placing pretest item parameter estimates on the item pool scale in a 1‐3 computerized multistage adaptive testing design in terms of item parameter recovery. Two models were used: embedded‐section, in which pretest items were administered within a separate module, and embedded‐items, in which pretest items were distributed across operational modules. The calibration methods were separate calibration with linking (SC) and fixed calibration (FC) with three parallel approaches under each (FC‐1 and SC‐1; FC‐2 and SC‐2; and FC‐3 and SC‐3). The FC‐1 and SC‐1 used only operational items in the routing module to link pretest items. The FC‐2 and SC‐2 also used only operational items in the routing module for linking, but in addition, the operational items in second stage modules were freely estimated. The FC‐3 and SC‐3 used operational items in all modules to link pretest items. The third calibration approach (i.e., FC‐3 and SC‐3) yielded the best results. For all three approaches, SC outperformed FC in all study conditions which were module length, sample size and examinee distributions.
Towards a coherent flood forecasting framework for Canada: Local to global implications
Authors: Arnal Louise , Pietroniro Alain C. , Pomeroy John W. , Fortin Vincent , Casson David R. , Stadnyk Tricia A. , Rokaya Prabin , Durnford Dorothy , Friesenhan Evan , Clark Martyn P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOperational flood forecasting in Canada is a provincial responsibility that is carried out by several entities across the country. However, the increasing costs and impacts of floods require better and nationally coordinated flood prediction systems. A more coherent flood forecasting framework for Canada can enable implementing advanced prediction capabilities across the different entities with responsibility for flood forecasting. Recently, the Canadian meteorological and hydrological services were tasked to develop a national flow guidance system. Alongside this initiative, the Global Water Futures program has been advancing cold regions process understanding, hydrological modeling, and forecasting. A community of practice was established for industry, academia, and decision‐makers to share viewpoints on hydrological challenges. Taken together, these initiatives are paving the way towards a national flood forecasting framework. In this article, forecasting challenges are identified (with a focus on cold regions), and recommendations are made to promote the creation of this framework. These include the need for cooperation, well‐defined governance, and better knowledge mobilization. Opportunities and challenges posed by the increasing data availability globally are also highlighted. Advances in each of these areas are positioning Canada as a major contributor to the international operational flood forecasting landscape. This article highlights a route towards the deployment of capacities across large geographical domains.
Applying Lessons Learned from the COVID‐19 Pandemic to Future Threats to the Perinatal Care System
Authors: Combellick Joan , Ibrahim Bridget Basile , Scharer Kirsten , Brickley Tess , Julien Tamika , Kennedy Holly Powell 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionHealth care systems will continue to face unpredictable challenges related to climate change. The COVID‐19 pandemic tested the ability of perinatal care systems to respond to extreme disruption. Many childbearing people in the United States opted out of the mainstream choice of hospital birth during the pandemic, leading to a 19.5% increase in community birth between 2019 and 2020. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences and priorities of childbearing people as they sought to preserve a safe and satisfying birth during the time of extreme health care disruption caused by the pandemic.MethodsThis exploratory qualitative study recruited participants from a sample of respondents to a national‐scope web‐based survey that explored experiences of pregnancy and birth during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Maximal variation sampling was used to invite survey respondents who had considered a variety of birth setting, perinatal care provider, and care model options to participate in individual interviews. A conventional content analysis approach was used with coding categories derived directly from the transcribed interviews.ResultsInterviews were conducted with 18 individuals. Results were reported around 4 domains: (1) respect and autonomy in decision‐making, (2) high‐quality care, (3) safety, and (4) risk assessment and informed choice. Respect and autonomy varied by birth setting and perinatal care provider type. Quality of care and safety were described in relational and physical terms. Childbearing people prioritized alignment with their personal philosophies toward birth as they weighed safety. Although levels of stress and fear were elevated, many felt empowered by the sudden opportunity to consider new options.DiscussionDisaster preparedness and health system strengthening should address the importance childbearing people place on the relational aspects of care, need for options in decision‐making, timely and accurate information sharing, and opportunity for a range of safe and supported birth settings. Mechanisms are needed to build system‐level changes that respond to the self‐expressed needs and priorities of childbearing people.
Identification of distinct subpopulations of Gli1‐lineage cells in the mouse mandible
Authors: Zhang Nian , Barrell William B. , Liu Karen J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Hedgehog pathway gene Gli1 has been proposed to mark a subpopulation of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in craniofacial bone. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are multi‐potent cells crucial for the development and homeostasis of bone. Recent studies on long bones have suggested that skeletal stem cells in endochondral or intramembranous ossification sites have different differentiation capacities. However, this has not been well‐defined in neural crest derived bones. Generally, the long bones are derived from mesoderm and follow an endochondral ossification model, while most of the cranial bones are neural crest (NC) in origin and follow an intramembranous ossification model. The mandible is unique: It is derived from the neural crest lineage but makes use of both modes of ossification. Early in fetal development, the mandibular body is generated by intramembranous ossification with subsequent endochondral ossification forming the condyle. The identities and properties for SSCs in these two sites remain unknown. Here, we use genetic lineage tracing in mouse to identify cells expressing the Hedgehog responsive gene Gli1, which is thought to mark the tissue resident SSCs. We track the Gli1+ cells, comparing cells within the perichondrium to those in the periosteum covering the mandibular body. In juvenile mice, these have distinct differentiation and proliferative potential. We also assess the presence of Sox10+ cells, thought to mark neural crest stem cells, but find no substantial population associated with the mandibular skeleton, suggesting that Sox10+ cells have limited contribution to maintaining postnatal mandibular bone. All together, our study indicates that the Gli1+ cells display distinct and limited differentiation capacity dependent on their regional associations.
Development and evaluation of a simple predictive model for falls in acute care setting
Authors: Satoh Masae , Miura Takeshi , Shimada Tomoko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo develop a simple and reliable assessment tool for predicting falls in acute care settings.BackgroundFalling injures patients, lengthens hospital stay and leads to the wastage of financial and medical resources. Although there are many potential predictors for falls, a simple and reliable assessment tool is practically necessary in acute care settings.DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsThe current study was conducted for participants who were admitted to a teaching hospital in Japan. Fall risk was assessed by the modified Japanese Nursing Association Fall Risk Assessment Tool consisting of 50 variables. To create a more convenient model, variables were first limited to 26 variables and then selected by stepwise logistic regression analysis. Models were derived and validated by dividing the whole dataset into a 7:3 ratio. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for the receiver‐operating characteristic curve were evaluated. This study was conducted according to the STROBE guideline.ResultsSix variables including age > 65 years, impaired extremities, muscle weakness, requiring mobility assistance, unstable gait and psychotropics were chosen in a stepwise selection. A model using these six variables with a cut‐off point of 2 with one point for each item, was developed. Sensitivity and specificity >70% and area under the curve >.78 were observed in the validation dataset.ConclusionsWe developed a simple and reliable six‐item model to predict patients at high risk of falling in acute care settings.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe model has also been verified to perform well with non‐random partitioning by time and future research is expected to make it useful in acute care settings and clinical practice.Patient or Public ContributionPatients participated in the study on an opt‐out basis, contributing to the development of a simple predictive model for fall prevention during hospitalisation that can be shared with medical staff and patients in the future.
Bacterial leaf spot of Ilex paraguariensis caused by Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Maciel C. Gonzatto , Fior C. Sidnei , Cardoza Y. Franco , Visnovsky S. B. , Alves K. Reichelt , Duarte V. , Lazarotto M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractYerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves and twigs are dried and used to make mate, a popular herbal tea in Southern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. In February 2021, yerba mate leaves with water‐soaked spots, surrounded by chlorotic halos were observed in four nurseries at the Ilópolis and Arvorezinha counties, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. Bacterial colonies were recovered from the symptomatic leaves. Based on morphological characteristics, LOPAT tests and the DNA sequence of four house‐keeping genes, the causal agent was identified as Pseudomonas syringae. To fulfil Koch's postulates, pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating leaves of yerba mate seedlings with a bacterial suspension obtained from one of the isolates, under laboratory conditions. Inoculated leaves developed small dark spots after 4 days post‐inoculation only in plants that were wounded prior to the inoculation, indicating that mechanical disruption of the plant tissue favoured bacterial penetration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of P. syringae causing bacterial leaf spots on yerba mate.
Dental opioid prescription patterns in academic and community settings
Authors: Oyler Douglas R. , Rojas‐Ramirez Marcia V. , Nakamura Aisaku , Quesinberry Dana , Miller Craig S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesReports of interventions to improve dental opioid prescribing have come primarily from academic settings, but most opioid prescriptions are written by community dentists. This analysis compares prescription characteristics between these two groups to inform interventions to improve dental opioid prescribing in community settings.MethodsState prescription drug monitoring program data from 2013 to 2020 were used to compare opioid prescriptions from dentists at academic institutions (PDAI) to prescriptions from dentists in non‐academic settings (PDNS). Linear regression was used to assess daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME), total MME, and days' supply, adjusting for year, age, sex, and rurality.ResultsPrescriptions from dentists at the academic institution accounted for less than 2% of over 2.3 million dental opioid prescriptions analyzed. Over 80% of prescriptions in both groups were written for <50 MME per day and for ≤3 days' supply. On average, in the adjusted models, prescriptions from the academic institution were written for about 75 additional MME per prescription and nearly a full day longer duration. Compared to adults, adolescents were the only age group who received both higher daily doses and longer days' supply.ConclusionsPrescriptions from dentists at academic institutions accounted for small percentage of opioid prescriptions, but prescription characteristics were clinically comparable between groups. Interventional targets to reduce opioid prescribing in academic institutions could be applied to community settings.
The challenge of estimating kelp production in a turbid marine environment
Authors: Franke Kiara , Matthes Lisa C. , Graiff Angelika , Karsten Ulf , Bartsch Inka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoastal kelp forests produce substantial marine carbon due to high annual net primary production (NPP) rates, but upscaling of NPP estimates over time and space remains difficult. We investigated the impact of variable underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and photosynthetic parameters on photosynthetic oxygen production of Laminaria hyperborea, the dominant NE‐Atlantic kelp species, throughout summer 2014. Collection depth of kelp had no effect on chlorophyll a content, pointing to a high photoacclimation potential of L. hyperborea towards incident light. However, chlorophyll a and photosynthesis versus irradiance parameters differed significantly along the blade gradient when normalized to fresh mass, potentially introducing large uncertainties in NPP upscaling to whole thalli. Therefore, we recommend a normalization to kelp tissue area, which is stable over the blade gradient. Continuous PAR measurements revealed a highly variable underwater light climate at our study site (Helgoland, North Sea) in summer 2014, reflected by PAR attenuation coefficients (Kd) between 0.28 and 0.87 m−1. Our data highlight the importance of continuous underwater light measurements or representative average values using a weighted Kd to account for large PAR variability in NPP calculations. Strong winds in August increased turbidity, resulting in a negative carbon balance at depths >3–4 m over several weeks, considerably impacting kelp productivity. Estimated daily summer NPP over all four depths was 1.48 ± 0.97 g C · m−2 seafloor · d−1 for the Helgolandic kelp forest, which is in the range of other kelp forests along European coastlines.
Modeling mediation in the dynamic assessment of listening ability from the cognitive diagnostic perspective
Authors: Meng Yaru , Fu Hua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe distinguishing feature of dynamic assessment (DA) is the dialectical integration of assessment and instruction. However, how to design the targeted instruction or mediation has been relatively underexplored. To address this gap, this study proposes the attribute‐based mediation model (AMM), an English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language listening mediation model based on item attributes (constructs) derived from cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA). CDA provides theoretical and methodological support for the accurate correspondence of items and attributes via Q‐matrix development and validation. The CDA‐identified attributes can inform the construction of targeted mediation models in DA, within which the mediation will serve as the subsequent remedial instruction. In this way, diagnosis and instruction were bridged through the integration of CDA and DA. The results of three one‐on‐one DA sessions showed that the AMM has the potential to diagnose learners’ listening ability at the attribute level and to stimulate microgenetic development. This study is significant in linking the psychometric‐based validity of a test and the DA‐based validity of development. It also provides insights into future mediation design and a possible way of merging DA and diagnostic language assessment.
Towards a new (or rearticulated) philosophy of mental health nursing: A dialogue‐on‐dialogue
Authors: Collier‐Sewell Freya , Melino Katerina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe following dialogue takes up recent calls within nursing scholarship to critically imagine alternative nursing futures through the relational process of call and response. Towards this end, the dialogue builds on letters which we, the authors, exchanged as part of the 25th International Nursing Philosophy Conference in 2022. In these letters, we asked of ourselves and each other: If we were to think about a new philosophy of mental health nursing, what are some of the critical questions that we would need to ask? What warrants exploration? In thinking through these questions, our letters facilitated a collaborative enquiry in which philosophy and theory were generative tools for thinking beyond what is and towards what is yet to come. In this paper, we expand the dialogue within these letters—in a ‘dialogue‐on‐dialogue’—and take up one thread of our discussion to argue that a new philosophy of mental health nursing must rethink the relationships between ‘practitioner’/‘self’ and ‘self’/‘other’ if it is to create a radically different future. Further, we posit solidarity and public love as possible alternatives to foregrounding the ‘work’ of mental health nursing. The possibilities we present here should be received as partial, contingent and unfinished. Indeed, our purpose in this paper is to provoke discussion and, in so doing, to model what we believe is a necessary shift towards criticality in our communities of nursing scholarship.
The Nexus between Public Debt and the Government Spending Multiplier: Fiscal Adjustments Matter*
Authors: Iwata Yasuharu , IIboshi Hirokuni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the evolution of government spending multipliers in the post‐war USA using a time‐varying parameter VAR model. We achieve identification by imposing sign and zero restrictions on the systematic component of policy rules and impulse responses. Our results show that the US multipliers in the post‐OBRA93 period are smaller than those in the 1970s. The multipliers are found to be more strongly correlated with the estimated coefficients of the debt‐stabilizing rule than the debt‐to‐gross domestic product ratios. The increased magnitude of fiscal adjustments appears to be the major driving force behind the decline in multipliers rather than debt accumulation itself.
Early caffeine therapy on the prevention of severe hyperkalemia in preterm infants
Authors: Hayata Mari , Ichikawa Tomonori , Nishida Toshihiko , Sasaki Koji , Aoki Ryo , Minosaki Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caffeine therapy in preventing severe hyperkalemia in preterm infants.Methods: We performed a single‐center, retrospective study of preterm infants of 25–29 weeks’ gestation admitted in our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2019–August 2020. We divided the infants into two groups: the control group (January 2019–November 2019) and the early caffeine group (December 2019–August 2020).Results: We identified 33 infants (early caffeine, 15; control, 18). Baseline potassium levels were 5.3 and 4.8 mEq/L, respectively (p = 0.274). Severe hyperkalemia (K > 6.5 mEq/L) was observed in 0 (0%) and 7 (39%) (p = 0.009), in the early caffeine group and control group. The linear mixed‐effect model confirmed the correlation between caffeine therapy and time from birth for the prediction of potassium levels (p < 0.001). While the potassium levels increased from baseline potassium levels at birth by 0.869 mEq/L at 12 h of birth, 0.884 mEq/L at 18 h of birth, and 0.641 mEq/L at 24 h of birth in the control group, the potassium levels were similar to the baseline levels at 12, 18, and 24 h of life in the early caffeine group. Among the clinical features, only early caffeine therapy was negatively associated with the incidence of hyperkalemia within 72 h of life.Conclusion: Early caffeine therapy within a few hours of life effectively prevents the incidence of severe hyperkalemia within the first 72 h of life in preterm infants of 25–29 weeks’ gestation. Prophylactic early caffeine therapy can, therefore, be considered in high‐risk, preterm infants.
Visual expression of factor decomposition in regression analysis: An example of Japanese housing rents
Authors: Fukuda Kosei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the importance of the visual expression of factor decomposition in regression analysis, which is particularly worthwhile for undergraduate students whose majors are not mathematics but social science. The conventional purpose of regression analysis is to examine specific hypotheses empirically. In particular, the statistical significance of the explanatory variable was tested, which may have been difficult for many students to understand mathematically. To remedy this, factor decomposition is introduced in the same way that human body composition is broken down into water, fat, and muscle. As an illustrative example, multiple regression was applied to the determinants of housing rents in Japan. The explanatory variables were the living area, building age, and walking time from the nearest station. The findings suggest that, with the help of visual expression, a student can easily appreciate which variable significantly affects housing rents.