bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interseason waning of vaccine-induced hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers and contributing factors to pre-existing humoral immunity against influenza in community-dwelling older adults over 75 years of age
Authors: Wunderlich Bettina , Laskow Thomas , Li Huifen , Zhang Li , Abrams Engle , Tian Jing , Yu Jun , Chen Yiyin , Tavernier Juliette , Huang Yushu , Talaat Kawsar , Bream Jay H. , Xue Qian-Li , Pawelec Graham , Leng Sean X. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Seasonal influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality with a disproportionately high disease burden in older adults. Strain-specific hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody titer is a well-established measure of humoral immunity against influenza and pre-vaccination HAI antibody titer is a valuable indicator of pre-existing humoral immunity at the beginning of the influenza season in highly vaccinated older adults. While vaccine-induced HAI antibody titers are known to wane over time, accurate assessment of their interseason decline has been challenging. This is because pre-vaccination HAI antibody titers are conventionally measured using current season vaccine strain antigens instead of the prior season vaccines with which individuals were immunized, and do not accurately represent residual antibody titers from prior season vaccination. This study took advantage of available pre-vaccination HAI antibody titers measured using prior season vaccine strain antigens in a longitudinal influenza immunization study with participants enrolled for multiple consecutive influenza seasons from 2014 through 2017 during which influenza A virus (IAV) H3N2 and influenza B virus (IBV) strains were changed in 2015 and in 2016. While the IAV H1N1 vaccine strain remained the same from 2014 through 2016 seasons, it was changed in the 2017 season. Finally, we investigated factors contributing to pre-existing humoral immunity.
Results: Interseason decline of HAI antibody titers was evident, but rates of decline varied among vaccine strains and study seasons, from 18% (p=0.43) to 61% (p<0.01). Rates of decline were noticeably greater when pre-vaccination HAI titers were measured using the conventional approach, from 33% (p=0.12) to 83% (p<0.01). All p values were adjusted for age at prior study season, sex, race, and education. This was largely because the conventional approach underestimated residual HAI antibody titers from prior season vaccinations. Moreover, interseason antibody decline and prior season post-vaccination HAI antibody titer had significant and independent associations with pre-vaccination HAI antibody titer.
Conclusions: The conventional approach overestimates interseason HAI antibody decline as it underestimates residual antibody titers from prior season vaccination, particularly when virus strains in the vaccine formula change. Moreover, interseason antibody decline and prior season post-vaccination HAI antibody titers independently contribute to pre-existing humoral immunity in this highly vaccinated, community-dwelling older adult population.
Vibration response of ground surface caused by shallow buried tunnel blasting
Authors: Chu Shaofeng , Chen Shihai , Liu Xiaoming , Huang Jiang , Wei Haixia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to study the influence of tunnel excavation by a drilling and blasting method on the ground surface, a method of predicting ground surface vibration waveforms suitable for actual drilling and blasting tunnelling engineering is established. First, based on the theoretical solution of surface vibration waves caused by spherical charge blasting, a more concise surface vibration wave function of spherical charge that is suitable for practical engineering is constructed. The correctness of the constructed waveform function is verified by the measured data. Second, the waveform function of surface vibration waves caused by cylindrical charge explosions perpendicular to the tunnel working face is obtained by superposition of the spherical charge. Then, the surface vibration response of the unexcavated section during tunnel blasting is calculated using the vibration wave superposition method. In the excavated section, the influence of the hollow effect of the tunnel on the vibration wave propagation was considered, and the surface vibration response of the tunnel was analysed using conformal transformation and vibration wave superposition. Finally, based on actual engineering, the correctness of this blasting vibration prediction method is verified using field test data.
Investigation of correlation between root morphology of mandibular second molars in panoramic images and cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Karkhaneh Mahsa , Karkehabadi Hamed , Alafchi Behnaz , Shokri Abbas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Knowing the shape of the root and the root canal system is essential for the success of the surgical and non-surgical treatment of the root canal, however; it is difficult to judge root and root canal anatomy from two-dimensional radiographs . The aim of this study is to investigate correlation between root morphology of the mandibular second molars in panoramic view and the root type of these teeth based on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images.
Methods: In this study, 1231 CBCT scans of the second mandible molars were selected from archives of a private radiology clinic from October 2018 to March 2021, and panoramic images reconstructed from CBCT images. The root morphology of the second mandible molar was classified on panoramic image in type 1,2,3,4,5. Root pattern in cross-section of CBCT image was classified into three types of single, double and c-shape.Correlation between root morphology in panoramic image and CBCT was analyzed with Chi-Square test and significance level was 0.05.
Results: 62.7% of the second mandibular molars were type1, 97.3% of them had double pattern in cross-section of CBCT.28.6% of the samples were type2, which showed 92.6% double pattern. 3.9% of them were type3, 47.9% had c-shape pattern.0.9% of them were type4, 45.5% of them showed single pattern.3.8% of teeth were type5, 76.6% had single pattern. The prevalence of c-shape canals was higher in women and most c-shape canals showed C3 pattern.
Conclusion: There was a strong correlation between the root morphology in panoramic image and root canal pattern in the axial section of the CBCT images. According to this study, if the second mandibular molar has a type3 morphology in the panoramic image, it may have a c-shape canal with a high probability.
Standardization of knowledge-based volumetric modulated arc therapy planning with a multi-institution model (broad model) to improve prostate cancer treatment quality
Authors: Ueda Yoshihiro , Fukunaga Jun-ichi , Kamima Tatsuya , Shimizu Yumiko , Kubo Kazuki , Doi Hiroshi , Monzen Hajime 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether knowledge-based volumetric modulated arc therapy plans with from a multi-institution model (broad model) are clinically useful and effective as a standardization method.
Methods: A knowledge-based planning (KBP) model was trained with 561 prostate VMAT plans from five institutions with different contouring and planning policies. Five clinical plans at each institution were reoptimized with the broad and single institution model, and the dosimetric parameters and relationship between Dmean and the overlapping volume (rectum or bladder and target) were compared.
Results: The differences between the broad and single institution models in the dosimetric parameters for V50, V80, V90, and Dmean were: rectum; 9.5% ± 10.3%, 3.3% ± 1.5%, 1.7% ± 1.6%, and 3.6% ± 3.6%, (p < 0.001), bladder; 8.7% ± 12.8%, 1.5% ± 2.6%, 0.7% ± 2.4%, and 2.7% ± 4.6% (p < 0.02), respectively. The differences between the broad model and clinical plans were: rectum; 2.4% ± 4.6%, 1.7% ± 1.7%, 0.7% ± 2.4%, and 1.5% ± 2.0%, (p = 0.004, 0.015, 0.112, and 0.009) bladder; 2.9% ± 5.8%, 1.6% ± 1.9%, 0.9% ± 1.7%, and 1.1% ± 4.8%, (p < 0.018), respectively. Strong correlations were observed (p < 0.001) in the relationship between Dmean and the rectal and bladder volume overlapping with the target in the broad model (R = 0.815 and 0.891, respectively). The broad model had the smallest R2 of the three plans.
Conclusions: KBP with the broad model is clinically effective and applicable as a standardization method at multiple institutions.
Decolorizing Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) leaf extracts with activated charcoal and qualitative analysis of stevioside using chromatographic methods
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Nazrul Islam , Shamima Kazi Asma Ahmed , Nahid Meher , Afrin Sadia , Hoque Mohammad Amirul , Haque Mohammad Majedul , Sarker Md. Khabir Uddin , Miah Md. Abdus Satter , Shaikh Md. Aftab Ali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) leaves are natural low-calorie sweeteners used in many products, including foods, drinks, medicines, cosmetics, and more. This study aimed to use activated charcoal to remove color, purify stevioside from Stevia leaves, and utilize the chromatographic method to confirm its identity.
Results
We developed a novel eco-friendly method to decolorize and purify stevioside from Stevia leaf. The yield of stevioside was calculated by weighing the crystallized sample following freeze-drying. The average yield is 8.13%. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were performed to confirm the identification. This purified sample showed a wavelength region of 4000–650 cm-1 in the FT-IR and a UV-Vis spectrum at 206.49 nm, which referred to it as a stevioside. In HPLC, the purified sample did an accuracy and precision test with standard stevioside, which gave a similar peak to the purified sample at the same retention time. According to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the purity of stevioside is 98.12%. The pH effect on the decolorization of Stevia leaf extracts with activated charcoal was 5.5–8.0.
Conclusion
In contrast to other commercially available methods, the above process can inexpensively purify stevioside from Stevia leaves.
Mixed Aphasia Caused by Bilateral Cerebellar Infarcts: A Case Report
Authors: Campbell Taylor , Diuguid Christy , Vasaya Sannah , Janda Paul , Vickers Aroucha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although neuroanatomical and physiological understanding of the cerebellum has evolved over recent decades and continues to develop, there is much that remains to be expounded upon, especially with regards to nonmotor roles. Neurocognitive and language processing is one area where involvement of the cerebellum is no longer in question, but the extent and mechanism of this relationship has yet to be defined. For example, which of the cerebellar hemispheres is involved continues to be debated. We present a case wherein a thrombus in the basilar artery led to bihemispheric cerebellar strokes with profound mixed effects on the patient’s language and cognition. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first published case of bilateral cerebellar strokes resulting in a mixed aphasia reported in scientific literature. This demonstrates the importance of continued research into a model for cerebellar function and the clinical impact of lesions to various cerebellar regions.
Dinoflagellate cell density limits explored using Scrippsiella lachrymosa cultured in flow-through cages
Authors: Smith Barry C. , Persson Agneta , Alix Jennifer H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dinoflagellates constitute one of the most important groups of primary producers on earth, common in both marine and freshwater environments. Despite their prominent position among phytoplankton, they are difficult to grow into dense cultures in the laboratory. This discrepancy between field and laboratory indicates serious limitations caused by the laboratory culturing conditions. A difficult to study but important factor is the constraints of enclosure in a limited volume of water. We conducted an experiment wherein the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa was grown in “flow cells” – 100 cm3 cylindrical cages constructed from plankton net, inserted in larger volumes of growth medium, allowing an exchange of medium without dilution of the culture. Cell numbers far exceeding the normal for culturing of this species and dinoflagellates in general were attained, even though the experiment was terminated before cultures reached stationary phase. A cell number ten times higher than under regular batch culturing was achieved (up to 340,000 cells · mL-1). Pattern formation was distinct in cultures when cells were plentiful and water movements caused cell accumulation, not dispersion. High cell density concurrent with access to new growth medium promoted induction of the sexual cell cycle. The results indicate serious limitations to growth set by enclosure in a limited water volume in laboratory experiments; thus, maximum growth rates of dinoflagellates in favourable field conditions may be vastly underestimated. Cell accumulation behavior of dinoflagellates during the sexual life cycle may together with physical transport by larger forces in nature explain sudden bloom occurrences.
The Extracellular Polysaccharide Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with Extract and Gene Editing Lactobacillus
Authors: Chen Shaojun , Nai Zida , Qin Ziliang , Li Gang , He Xinmiao , Wang Wentao , Tian Yaguang , Liu Di , Jiang Xinpeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lactobacillus is one of the predominant microorganisms in gut from human and animal, and the lactobacillus have effective applications against the viral diarrhea of piglets in the farm. However, the function and the concrete cell single pathways of the active ingredient from lactobacillus was not clear within anti-infection in the postbiotics research. Here, we compared the biological function of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) purified from Lactobacillus casei and gene editing Lactobacillus casei with the CRISPER-Cas9 technology, which were with the ability of antioxidation and anti-inflammation, and the EPS could also inhibit the ROS production within the IPEC-J2. Interestingly, we found that both of EPS and genome editing Lactobacillus casei could specifically target the IFN-λ expression in the IPEC-J2, which was beneficial against the PEDV infection in the virus replication and production with the qRT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence methods. Finally, the STAT3 cell single pathway was stimulated to transcribe IFN-λ with the EPS to elucidate the detailed mechanism of activating type III IFN signals receptor of IL-10R2, which play the function between anti-inflammation and anti-virus in the PEDV infection. Taken together, our research linked a postbiotics of EPS with the antiviral infection of PEDV, which suggest that the lactobacillus itself still have displayed the potential immunomodulatory activities, and highlight the immunomodulatory potential of EPS-producing microbes.
Housing Contract and Household Saving Behavior: Evidence from Newlyweds
Authors: Ryu Doojin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The prices of housing, which have continued to rise, become great financial burdens for newlyweds. Specifically, housing prices can affect young adults’ consumption and saving behaviors. This study examines whether housing characteristics, especially residential housing contract types, affect newlyweds’ saving behavior in the early stages of their marriage. We focus on newlyweds who newly form households through their first marriage using the last twenty-year-long datasets, before the outbreak of the pandemic in Korea. Our empirical results based on the informative datasets show that the area of residence, number of children, household income, and financial statuses, such as assets and liabilities, affect newlyweds’ saving patterns. Homeownership, which is the main research variable in this study, has a positive effect on household savings considering the debt-to-income ratio. People who live in expensive houses have the potential to save large amounts. However, savings differ by housing contract type, even among households living in houses of similar value. These findings contribute to explaining a special lease contract, called a Jeonse contract, which is a distinctive leasing system only found in Korea. Our analyses have relevant policy implications considering that the housing contract types of young adults affect not only their residential stability but also their future asset accumulation.
JEL Classifications: D14, R21, R31
Geometrical parameters affect on local electric field enhancement of bimetallic three-layered nanotubes by using quasi-static theory
Authors: Ma Ye-Wan , Wu Zhao-Wang , Li Juan , Hu Ji-Bao , Yin Xun-Chang , Yi Ming-Fang , Zhang Li-Hua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to the plasmon hybridization between nanowire and outer nanotube, the geometrical parameters of nanotube take great effect on absorption cross section and local electric field enhancement. In this paper, we study the effects of the inner nanowire radius, shell thickness, middle dielectric functions and surrounding medium functions on absorption cross section and local electric field enhancement of bimetallic three-layered nanotubes, gold-dielectric-silver (GDS) nanotube and silver-dielectric-gold (SDG) nanotube in detail based on quasi-static theory. The results show that the thickness of outer nanotube plays a more role to tune local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) than that of inner nanowire, whereas a better LSPR could be obtained with a higher surrounding dielectric function. In addition, the local electric field enhancement is also investigated. The maximum local electric field enhancement could be obtained with smaller thickness of dielectric layer and higher surrounding dielectric function. Our study provides a way to analyze optical properties of GDS and SDG nanotube and also broaden their applications in sensor and optical data storage.
Navigated direct photocoagulation with a 30-ms short-pulse laser for treating microaneurysms in diabetic macular edema exhibits a high closure rate
Authors: Ikegami Yasuko , Shiraya Tomoyasu , Araki Fumiyuki , Ueta Takashi , Toyama Taku , Yanagita Tomohiko , Numaga Jiro , Shoji Nobuyuki , Kato Satoshi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study carried out direct photocoagulation for treating microaneurysms (MAs) in diabetic macular edema (DME) using a navigation laser system with a 30-ms pulse duration. The MA closure rate after 3 months was investigated using pre and postoperative fluorescein angiography images. MAs primarily inside the edematous area based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) maps were selected for treatment, and leaking MAs (n = 1151) were analyzed in 11 eyes (eight patients). The total MA closure rate was 90.1% (1034/1151), and the mean MA closure rate in each eye was 86.5 ± 8.4%. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 471.9 ± 73.0 µm to 420.0 ± 87.5 µm (P = 0.049), and there was a correlation between the MA closure rate and the CRT reduction rate (r = 0.63, P = 0.037). There was no difference in the MA closure rate depending on the degree of edema thickness based on a false-color topographic OCT map image. Direct photocoagulation for DME with a short pulse using the navigated photocoagulator resulted in a high MA closure rate in just 3 months and a corresponding improvement in retinal thickness. These findings encourage the use of a new therapeutic approach for DME.
Encapsulating has-miR-29a into HuMSCs-derived Exosomes by a Nanoengineering Platform to Efficiently Alleviate Aβ1-42 Expression in APPswe-SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Zhang Huitao , Yang Hui , Hao Rui , Yu Zitong , Hu Shi , Ren Jingyi , Ding Juan , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background

Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) have been utilized as a potential therapeutic candidate to alleviate amyloid β-protein (Aβ) expression in APP/PS1 or 5XFAD transgenic mice due to their low immunogenicity and extensive sources. Accumulated evidence also suggests that encysting appropriate cargos into exosomes can more effectively reduce Aβ expression by interfering with the metabolism of β-Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Therefore, exosomes loaded with bioactive substances to reduce Aβ expression have attracted much attention. A new strategy to load therapeutic exogenous cargoes of interest into exosomes in a high-throughput and straightforward fashion is desired.

Results

In this study, neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were stably transfected with Swedish mutant APP695K, 595N plasmid to construct a cell model of Aβ overexpression. Then extracted Exosomes from HuMSCs and loaded with micro (miR)-29a via a microfluidic exosome nanoengineering platform (ExoNP) to target a post-transcriptional modification of the β-secretase1 (β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, BACE1) gene to prevent protein expression. Finally, processed exosomes were utilized to treat APPswe-SH-SY5Y cells and decrease the expression of Aβ1−42 and BACE1 and further alleviated apoptosis.

Conclusion

HuMSCs-derived exosomes loaded with hsa-miR-29a via ExoNP to efficiently deliver to APPswe-SH-SY5Y cells and alleviate Aβ1−42 expression and promote cell survival.
Backward-Eulerian Footprint Modeling for the Urban Environment Based on an Adjoint Equation
Authors: Jia Hongyuan , Kikumoto Hideki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study developed a backward-Eulerian footprint modeling method based on an adjoint equation for the urban environment, which has complex terrains and a high degree of heterogeneity. In the proposed method, the concentration footprint can be obtained directly by simulating the equation, and the flux footprints can be estimated using the adjoint concentration based on the gradient diffusion hypothesis. We first tested the proposed method by estimating the footprints for an ideal three-dimensional boundary layer with different atmospheric stability conditions based on the Monin–Obukhov profiles. It was indicated that the results were like the FFP method (Kljun et al. 2004, 2015) for convective stability and like the K-M method (Kormann and Meixner 2001) for stable stability. The proposed method was then coupled with the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes model to calculate the footprints for a block-arrayed urban canopy model. The results were qualitatively compared to the literature using the Lagrangian-Large-Eddy-Simulation (LL) method (Hellsten et al. 2015). It was shown that the proposed method reproduced the main features of footprints for different sensor positions and measurement heights. However, it is necessary to simulate the adjoint equation with a more sophisticated turbulence model in the future to capture more turbulent effects in the footprint modeling.