bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel alternative pretreatment approaches for production of quality raisins from grapes: Opportunities and future prospects
Authors: Pawar Dilip A. , Giri Saroj K. , Sharma Ajay K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRaisins are high‐value products obtained by drying grape berries. Natural drying of grapes is difficult because a hydrophobic waxy cuticle is present on the berry surface. Pretreatment is an important operation in raisin production in which the waxy layer is dissolved or removed for enhancing the drying rate of grapes. Chemical pretreatment consisting of dipping grape bunches in a solution of alkali and oil emulsion is commonly followed for raisin production. However, the threat of chemicals to human health, the environment, and longer processing time lead to the development of an alternative to chemical pretreatment. Various alternative methods have been explored including the abrasive pretreatment and some novel thermal and nonthermal techniques. The potential of these alternative pretreatments has been discussed in this review along with a critical analysis of literature on grape drying. The fundamentals of grape drying and unit operations of the chemical and abrasive process of raisin production have also been narrated. An abrasive process as the best alternative to chemicals in raisin production has been described in detail along with future prospects of different physical pretreatments. This review provides comprehensive information on raisin production with a focus on chemical‐free processing of grape for raisin production.Practical applicationsRaisins are dried grapes rich in nutritional and functional ingredients that are beneficial for human health. A predrying treatment to remove or to dissolve the waxy layer from surface of grapes is an important operation in raisin production. The chemical method of pretreatment is prevalent among raisin processors. However, a chemical method has some limitations like longer processing time, intense use of chemicals, food safety issues, and so forth. Many novel pretreatments like superficial abrasion, thermal, and nonthermal techniques have been explored by researchers and it has the potential to produce safe raisins without use of any chemicals. These alternative techniques can be adopted for industrial‐scale processing of raisins. A lot of literature is available on the grape drying process, modeling, and quality aspects of raisins. All this information has been summarized in this comprehensive review with a comparison of unit operations, analysis of findings, and future aspects for the production of safe raisins. This review will be very useful for industrial‐scale processing of raisins adopting novel processes and it will also provide in‐depth knowledge to the academician and research scholars.
Reliability of 3D freehand ultrasound to assess lower limb muscles in children with spastic cerebral palsy and typical development
Authors: Hanssen Britta , Peeters Nicky , Dewit Tijl , Huyghe Ester , Dan Bernard , Molenaers Guy , Van Campenhout Anja , Bar‐On Lynn , Van den Broeck Christine , Calders Patrick , Desloovere Kaat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the reliability of 3‐dimensional freehand ultrasound (3DfUS) to quantify the size (muscle volume [MV] and anatomical cross‐sectional area [aCSA]), length (muscle length [ML], tendon length [TL], and muscle tendon unit length [MTUL]), and echo‐intensity (EI, whole muscle and 50% aCSA), of lower limb muscles in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) and typical development (TD). In total, 13 children with SCP (median age 14.3 (7.3) years) and 13 TD children (median age 11.1 (1.7) years) participated. 3DfUS scans of rectus femoris, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior were performed by two raters in two sessions. The intra‐ and inter‐rater and intra‐ and inter‐session reliability were defined with relative and absolute reliability measures, that is, intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and absolute and relative standard error of measurement (SEM and SEM%), respectively. Over all conditions, ICCs for muscle size measures ranged from 0.818 to 0.999 with SEM%s of 12.6%–1.6%. For EI measures, ICCs varied from 0.233 to 0.967 with SEM%s of 15.6%–1.7%. Length measure ICCs ranged from 0.642 to 0.999 with SEM%s of 16.0%–0.5%. In general, reliability did not differ between the TD and SCP cohort but the influence of different muscles, raters, and sessions was not constant for all 3DfUS parameters. Muscle length and muscle tendon unit length were the most reliable length parameters in all conditions. MV and aCSA showed comparable SEM%s over all muscles, where tibialis anterior MV was most reliable. EI had low‐relative reliability, but absolute reliability was better, with better reliability for the distal muscles in comparison to the proximal muscles. Combining these results with earlier studies describing muscle morphology assessed in children with SCP, 3DfUS seems sufficiently reliable to determine differences between cohorts and functional levels. The applicability on an individual level, for longitudinal follow‐up and after interventions is dependent on the investigated muscle and parameter. Moreover, the semitendinosus, the acquisition, and processing of multiple sweeps, and the definition of EI and TL require further investigation. In general, it is recommended, especially for longitudinal follow‐up studies, to keep the rater the same, while standardizing acquisition settings and positioning of the subject.
Association of physical restraint duration and undesirable outcomes amongst inpatients comorbid with dementia and pneumonia in acute care settings
Authors: Okumura Yasuyuki , Sakata Nobuo , Ogawa Asao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between physical restraint duration and undesirable outcomes amongst inpatients comorbid with dementia and pneumonia in acute care hospitals.BackgroundPhysical restraints are frequently used in the management of patients, especially amongst patients with dementia. No previous study investigated the potential undesirable effects of physical restraints in patients with dementia.MethodsThis was a cohort study using a nationwide discharge abstract database in Japan. Patients aged ≥65 years with dementia hospitalised for pneumonia or aspiration pneumonia between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2019 were identified. The exposure was physical restraint. The primary outcome was hospital discharge to the community. Secondary outcomes included hospitalisation costs, functional decline, in‐hospital mortality, and institutionalisation for long‐term care.ResultsA total of 18,255 inpatients with pneumonia and dementia in 307 hospitals were included in this study. Of them, 21.5% and 23.7% had physical restraint during full and partial days of hospital stays, respectively. Discharge to the community incidence rates was lower in the full‐restraint vs. the no‐restraint group (27 vs. 29 per 1000 person‐days; HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01–1.10]) and the partial‐restraint vs. the no‐restraint group (17 vs. 29 per 1000 person‐days; HR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.71–1.87]). The risks of functional decline were higher in the full‐restraint vs. the no‐restraint group (27.8% vs. 20.8%; RR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.22, 1.46]) and the partial‐restraint vs. the no‐restraint group (29.2% vs. 20.8%; RR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.29, 1.53]).ConclusionsThe use of physical restraints was associated with a lower incidence rate of discharge to the community and an increased risk of functional decline at discharge. Further research is needed to judge the benefit–risk balance of physical restraints in acute care settings.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUnderstanding the risk of physical restraints allows medical staff to improve the process of decision making in everyday practice.No Patient or Public Contribution.Reporting MethodsThe reporting of this article conforms to the STROBE statement.
Negative experiences of patients using medicinal cannabis: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Gliksberg Or , Kushnir Talma , Sznitman Sharon R. , Lev‐Ran Shaul , Brill Silviu , Amit Ben H. , Feingold Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesIn this study, we systematically reviewed qualitative studies concerning patients' experience with medicinal cannabis (MC) use, to gain insight into the negative effects of MC.BackgroundOver the past decades, the use of MC for therapeutic purposes has increased. However, there is conflicting and insufficient data on possible negative physiological and psychological effects of MC treatment.DesignA systematic review was conducted and the PRISMA guidelines were adopted. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist used to assess risk of bias in the included studies.MethodsWe included studies focusing on conventional medical treatment using cannabis‐based products, approved by a physician for a particular health issue.ResultsOf the 1230 articles identified in the initial search, eight articles were included in the review. Following the compilation of themes in the eligible studies, six themes were identified: (1) MC approval; (2) administrative barriers; (3) social perception; (4) MC misuse/widespread effect; (5) adverse effects; and (6) dependence or addiction. These were grouped into two meta‐themes: (1) administrative and social aspects of MC use; and (2) experiences of the effects of medicinal cannabis.ConclusionsOur findings call for specific attention to unique consequences associated with MC use. Further research is needed in order to assess the degree to which negative experiences associated with MC use may affect various aspects of patients' medical condition.Relevance to clinical practiceDescribing the complex experience of MC treatment and its spectrum of consequences for patients may enable physicians, therapists and researchers to provide more attentive and accurate MC treatment to their patients.Patient or public contributionIn this review, patients' narratives were explored, yet the research methods did not directly involve patients or the public.
‘I'm having jelly because you've been bad!’: A grounded theory study of mealtimes with siblings in Australian families
Authors: Ayre Susannah K. , White Melanie J. , Harris Holly A. , Byrne Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObesity prevention interventions have been designed to promote responsive feeding in early childhood. However, existing interventions primarily target first‐time mothers without considering the complexities of feeding multiple children within a family unit. By applying principles of Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT), this study aimed to explore how mealtimes are enacted in families with more than one child. A mixed‐methods study was conducted with parent–sibling triads (n = 18 families) in South East Queensland, Australia. Data included direct mealtime observations, semistructured interviews, field notes, and memos. Data were analysed using open and focused coding, during which constant comparative analysis was applied. The sample comprised of two‐parent families with children ranging in age from 12 to 70 months (median sibling age difference = 24 months). A conceptual model was developed to map sibling‐related processes integral to the enactment of mealtimes in families. Notably, this model captured feeding practices used by siblings, such as pressure to eat and overt restriction, that previously had only been described in parents. It also documented feeding practices used by parents that may occur only in the presence of a sibling, such as leveraging sibling competitiveness and rewarding a child to vicariously condition their sibling's behaviour. The conceptual model demonstrates complexities in feeding that give shape to the overall family food environment. Findings from this study can inform the design of early feeding interventions that support parents to remain responsive, particularly when their perceptions and expectations of siblings differ.
An artificial intelligence platform provides an accurate interpretation of esophageal motility from Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Panometry studies
Authors: Kou Wenjun , Soni Priyanka , Klug Matthew W. , Etemadi Mozziyar , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E. , Carlson Dustin A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFunctional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) Panometry is performed at the time of sedated endoscopy and evaluates esophageal motility in response to distension. This study aimed to develop and test an automated artificial intelligence (AI) platform that could interpret FLIP Panometry studies.MethodsThe study cohort included 678 consecutive patients and 35 asymptomatic controls that completed FLIP Panometry during endoscopy and high‐resolution manometry (HRM). “True” study labels for model training and testing were assigned by experienced esophagologists per a hierarchical classification scheme. The supervised, deep learning, AI model generated FLIP Panometry heatmaps from raw FLIP data and based on convolutional neural networks assigned esophageal motility labels using a two‐stage prediction model. Model performance was tested on a 15% held‐out test set (n = 103); the remainder of the studies were utilized for model training (n = 610).Key Results“True” FLIP labels across the entire cohort included 190 (27%) “normal,” 265 (37%) “not normal/not achalasia,” and 258 (36%) “achalasia.” On the test set, both the Normal/Not normal and the achalasia/not achalasia models achieved an accuracy of 89% (with 89%/88% recall, 90%/89% precision, respectively). Of 28 patients with achalasia (per HRM) in the test set, 0 were predicted as “normal” and 93% as “achalasia” by the AI model.ConclusionsAn AI platform provided accurate interpretation of FLIP Panometry esophageal motility studies from a single center compared with the impression of experienced FLIP Panometry interpreters. This platform may provide useful clinical decision support for esophageal motility diagnosis from FLIP Panometry studies performed at the time of endoscopy.
Prospects for rice in 2050
Authors: Shi Jianxin , An Gynheung , Weber Andreas P. M. , Zhang Dabing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA key to achieve the goals put forward in the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, it will need transformative change to our agrifood systems. We must mount to the global challenge to achieve food security in a sustainable manner in the context of climate change, population growth, urbanization, and depletion of natural resources. Rice is one of the major staple cereal crops that has contributed, is contributing, and will still contribute to the global food security. To date, rice yield has held pace with increasing demands, due to advances in both fundamental and biological studies, as well as genomic and molecular breeding practices. However, future rice production depends largely on the planting of resilient cultivars that can acclimate and adapt to changing environmental conditions. This Special Issue highlight with reviews and original research articles the exciting and growing field of rice‐environment interactions that could benefit future rice breeding. We also outline open questions and propose future directions of 2050 rice research, calling for more attentions to develop environment‐resilient rice especially hybrid rice, upland rice and perennial rice.
Long‐pulsed neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet for hair reduction in pediatric microtia repair
Authors: Braun Mitchell , Pomerantz Jason H. , Hoffman William Y. , Mathes Erin F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrotia is the term for congenital malformation of the ear in which the external and internal ear are absent or malformed. Surgical reconstruction is a common management approach and occasionally requires hair reduction of the newly constructed auricle. Few studies have investigated lasers for this purpose. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seen at a single institution between 2012 and 2021 who underwent laser hair reduction with long‐pulsed neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG). Efficacy ratings were done through review of clinical photographs. Twelve patients were identified with 14 total ears treated. The number of laser treatments varied from 1 to 9 sessions with an average of 5.1 treatments. The majority (8/12) had an “excellent” or “very good” response, one patient had a “good” response, and three were lost to follow‐up. Other than pain, there were no side effects documented. Nd:YAG laser was both effective and safe in our pediatric cohort, without any cutaneous side effects in patients with darker skin.
Understanding of the dynamics of mobile reading: An HMM model of user engagement and content consumption
Authors: Zhao Xia , Huang Lu , Wang Lei , Yazdani Elham , Zhang Cheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding consumers’ engagement and subsequent content consumption behavior in the mobile context is critical to mobile app providers. In this paper, we develop a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to capture the dynamics of users’ engagement states and consumption decisions on the number of books/chapters read and the amount of money spent. Our method allows us to simultaneously capture three interdependent usage behaviors using a single integrated model and identify the impact of content loading time and previous reading behavior on users’ engagement dynamics and content consumption. We calibrate the model using a tap stream data set of individual users’ reading activities on a mobile app. Our analysis reveals three distinct engagement states, a low state with inactive users, a medium state with users sampling books, and a high state with users reading intensively. Furthermore, we find that content loading time has higher negative impacts on high‐state users in state transitioning than medium‐state users. In contrast, the days that elapsed since the last visit has a similar negative impact on the users in the high and medium states. The effect of usage frequency on users in state transitioning is always positive. We have also identified the weekend effect and social influence on users’ reading outcomes. Finally, our simulations quantify the shortened content loading time and the days elapsed since the last visit on users’ engagement dynamics and content consumption decisions, which generate important managerial implications for app providers.
Assessment of semen quality and anti‐oxidative enzyme activity between bovine sex‐sorted and non‐sex‐sorted frozen–thawed semen
Authors: Guo Yanmin , Fan Zhaobin , Zhao Fuwei , Ge Shihao , Chu Hanping , Wei Zhongfeng , Khan Rajwali , Faisal Muhammad , Ayari‐Akkari Amel , Yassin Habab M. , Zhao Xianlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the current study, the difference between the sex‐sorted and non‐sex‐sorted frozen semen of Holstein Friesian breed cattle was investigated. Significant variation (p < .05) was found in the semen quality parameters such as motility; vitality; acrosome integrity rate; the anti‐oxidative enzyme activity including GSH (glutathione); SOD (superoxide dismutase); CAT (catalase); GSH‐Px (glutathione peroxidase) and the rate of fertilization. The results showed that the sperm acrosome integrity and motility of the non‐sorted sperm were higher compared to sex‐sorted sperm (p < .05). The linearity index and mean coefficient analysis revealed that the percentage of ‘grade a’ in sex‐sorted sperm were significantly (p < .05) lower than non‐sorted sperm. Interestingly, low SOD level and high CAT level was found in the non‐sexed semen than in the sexed semen (p < .05). Furthermore, the GSH and GSH‐Px activity in the sexed semen was found lower than the non‐sexed semen (p < .05). In conclusion, sperm motility characteristics were lower in sex‐sorted semen than in non‐sex‐sorted semen. This might be related to the complex process of sexed semen production, which could reduce sperm motility and movement characteristics, acrosomal integrity, CAT, SOD, GSH and GSH‐Px, and finally lead to the decline in the fertilization rate.
Moving from one state to another among patients experiencing unexplained chest pain during physical activity: A secondary qualitative analysis by Meleis transition theory
Authors: Røysland Ingrid Ølfarnes 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnexplained chest pain is a common condition in medical settings. Nurses usually coordinate the rehabilitation of patients. Physical activity is recommended; however, it is one of the major avoidance behaviours in patients with coronary heart disease. There is a need for a deeper understanding of the transition that patients with unexplained chest pain undergo during physical activity.AimTo develop deeper understanding about experiences of transition in patients with unexplained chest pain during physical activity.DesignSecondary qualitative analysis of data from three exploratory studies.MethodMeleis et al.'s transition theory was used as a framework for the secondary analysis.FindingsThe transition was complex and multidimensional. The participants experienced personal processes of change toward health within the illness, corresponding to indicators of healthy transitions.ConclusionThe process can be identified as a transition from an uncertain and often sick role to a healthy role. Knowledge regarding transition promotes a person‐centred approach in which patients' perspectives are included. Nurses and other health professionals can better direct and plan the caring and rehabilitation of patients with unexplained chest pain by deepening their knowledge of the transition process based on physical activity.
Canine melanocytes: Immunohistochemical expression of melanocytic markers in different somatic areas
Authors: Porcellato Ilaria , Orlandi Margherita , Lo Giudice Adriana , Sforna Monica , Mechelli Luca , Brachelente Chiara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMelanoblasts originate in the neural crest from where they migrate to peripheral tissues and differentiate into melanocytes. Alteration during melanocyte development and life can cause different diseases, ranging from pigmentary disorders and decreased visual and auditory functions, to tumours such as melanoma. Location and phenotypical features of melanocytes have been characterised in different species, yet data on dogs are lacking.ObjectiveThis study investigates the expression of melanocytic markers Melan A, PNL2, TRP1, TRP2, SOX‐10 and MITF in melanocytes of selected cutaneous and mucosal surfaces of dogs.AnimalsAt necropsy, samples from five dogs were harvested from oral mucosa, mucocutaneous junction, eyelid, nose and haired skin (abdomen, back, pinna, head).Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to assess marker expression.ResultsResults showed variable expression of melanocytic markers in different anatomical sites, particularly within epidermis of haired skin and dermal melanocytes. Melan A and SOX‐10 were the most specific and sensitive melanocytic markers. PNL2 was less sensitive, while TRP1 and TRP2 were seldomly expressed by intraepidermal melanocytes in haired skin. MITF had a good sensitivity, yet the expression often was weak.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur results indicate a variable expression of melanocytic markers in different sites, suggesting the presence of subpopulations of melanocytes. These preliminary results pave the way to understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in degenerative melanocytic disorders and melanoma. Furthermore, the possible different expression of melanocyte markers in different anatomical sites could influence their sensitivity and specificity when used for diagnostic purposes.
Existence of the detS2$det^{S^2}$ map
Authors: Staic Mihai D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper we show that for a vector space of dimension there exists a linear map with the property that if there exists such that . The existence of such a map was conjectured by Staic [The exterior graded Swiss‐Cheese Operad (with an appendix by Ana Lorena Gherman and Mihai D. Staic), to appear in Comm. Algebra.]. We present applications of the map to geometry and combinatorics.