bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Quality of Life of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents in Melbourne, Australia, 2017-2020
Authors: Engel Lidia , Majmudar Ishani , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Tollit Michelle A. , Pang Ken C. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceTransgender and gender-diverse (TGD) children and adolescents may experience not only gender dysphoria but also depression and anxiety, all of which are likely to be associated with reduced quality of life (QOL). Despite this, little is known about QOL in this population.ObjectivesTo identify demographic, social, and clinical characteristics associated with reduced QOL in TGD children and adolescents; compare their QOL with age-matched population-based norms and that of young people with common mental health problems; and evaluate the association between gender dysphoria and QOL.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, baseline data were derived from questionnaires completed in a prospective cohort study (Trans20) of TGD children aged 6 to 12 years and adolescents aged 13 to 17 years first seen at the Royal Children’s Hospital Gender Service (Melbourne, Australia) between February 2017 and February 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was QOL, measured using the Child Health Utility 9D instrument (CHU-9D). Data collection included demographic information, social factors (eg, bullying, lack of support, and social transition), and clinical characteristics (eg, gender identity, gender dysphoria, and mental health difficulties). Population norms and CHU-9D data for Australian youths with mental health diagnoses were derived from published literature.ResultsThe TGD cohort comprised 525 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (median age, 14 years [IQR, 12-16 years]; 364 [69.33%] presumed female at birth). The mean (SD) CHU-9D score was 0.46 (0.26). Compared with population norms, TGD children (0.58 [0.27] vs 0.81 [0.16]; P &amp;lt; .001) and adolescents (0.41 [0.25] vs 0.80 [0.14]; P &amp;lt; .001) had significantly lower scores. Within the TGD cohort, mean (SD) scores were significantly lower in adolescents (0.41 [0.24] vs 0.62 [0.25]; P &amp;lt; .001), those assigned female at birth (0.43 [0.26] vs 0.55 [0.25]; P &amp;lt; .001), those reporting mental health problems (0.37 [0.23] vs 0.57 [0.25]; P &amp;lt; .001) and physical health problems (0.41 [0.26] vs 0.48 [0.26]; P = .04), and those who were bullied (0.38 [0.24] vs 0.52 [0.25]; P &amp;lt; .001). Gender dysphoria alone was associated with a lower mean (SD) CHU-9D score (0.51 [0.23]) than that in control adolescents with serious mental health conditions such as depression (0.64 [0.26]) and anxiety (0.70 [0.24]) and was an independent factor associated with QOL.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of TGD children and adolescents in Australia, QOL was worse in this population than in age-matched, population-based peers. Quality of life associated with gender dysphoria was substantially worse than that seen in young people with common mental health conditions. These findings emphasize the risk of poor QOL among TGD young people and the need to better support them.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes of Patients From Sex and Gender Minority Groups
Authors: Eckhert Erik , Lansinger Olivia , Ritter Victor , Liu Mina , Han Summer , Schapira Lidia , John Esther M. , Gomez Scarlett , Sledge George , Kurian Allison W. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceSexual orientation and gender identity data are not collected by most hospitals or cancer registries; thus, little is known about the quality of breast cancer treatment for patients from sex and gender minority (SGM) groups.ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of breast cancer treatment and recurrence outcomes for patients from SGM groups compared with cisgender heterosexual patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsExposure-matched retrospective case-control study of 92 patients from SGM groups treated at an academic medical center from January 1, 2008, to January 1, 2022, matched to cisgender heterosexual patients with breast cancer by year of diagnosis, age, tumor stage, estrogen receptor status, and ERBB2 (HER2) status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as treatment quality, as measured by missed guideline-based breast cancer screening, appropriate referral for genetic counseling and testing, mastectomy vs lumpectomy, receipt of chest reconstruction, adjuvant radiation therapy after lumpectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage III disease, antiestrogen therapy for at least 5 years for estrogen receptor–positive disease, ERBB2-directed therapy for ERBB2-positive disease, patient refusal of an oncologist-recommended treatment, time from symptom onset to tissue diagnosis, time from diagnosis to first treatment, and time from breast cancer diagnosis to first recurrence. Results were adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing. Compared with cisgender heterosexual patients, those from SGM groups were hypothesized to have disparities in 1 or more of these quality metrics.ResultsNinety-two patients from SGM groups were matched to 92 cisgender heterosexual patients (n = 184). The median age at diagnosis for all patients was 49 years (IQR, 43-56 years); 74 were lesbian (80%), 12 were bisexual (13%), and 6 were transgender (6%). Compared with cisgender heterosexual patients, those from SGM groups experienced a delay in time from symptom onset to diagnosis (median time to diagnosis, 34 vs 64 days; multivariable adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42-0.99; P = .04), were more likely to decline an oncologist-recommended treatment modality (35 [38%] vs 18 [20%]; multivariable adjusted odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.09-4.74; P = .03), and were more likely to experience a breast cancer recurrence (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.56-6.03; P = .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that among patients with breast cancer, those from SGM groups experienced delayed diagnosis, with faster recurrence at a 3-fold higher rate compared with cisgender heterosexual patients. These results suggest disparities in the care of patients from SGM groups and warrant further study to inform interventions.
Phase‐Separated Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels with Tunable Sponge‐Like Structures for Stable Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Peng Bolun , Lyu Quanqian , Li Miaomiao , Du Shuo , Zhu Jintao , Zhang Lianbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSolar steam generation (SSG) through hydrogel‐based evaporators has shown great promise for freshwater production. However, developing hydrogel‐based evaporators with stable SSG performance in high‐salinity brines remains challenging. Herein, phase‐separated polyzwitterionic hydrogel‐based evaporators are presented with sponge‐like structures comprising interconnected pores for stable SSG performance, which are fabricated by photopolymerization of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) in water‐dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solvents. It is shown that driven by competitive adsorption, the structures of the resulting poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) hydrogels can be readily tuned by the volume ratio of DMSO to achieve phase separation. The optimized phase‐separated PSBMA hydrogels, combining the unique anti‐polyelectrolyte effects of polyzwitterionic hydrogels, demonstrate a rapid water transport capability in brines. After introducing photothermal polypyrrole particles on the surface of the phase‐separated PSBMA hydrogel evaporators, a stable water evaporation rate of ≈2.024 kg m−2 h−1 and high solar‐to‐vapor efficiency of ≈97.5% in a 3.5 wt.% brine are obtained under simulated solar light irradiation (1.0 kW m−2). Surprisingly, the evaporation rates remain stable even under high‐intensity solar irradiation (2.0 kW m−2). It is anticipated that the polyzwitterionic hydrogel evaporators with sponge‐like porous structures will contribute to developing SSG technology for high‐salinity seawater applications.
Laser Structuring of Thin Metal Films of Compliant Electrodes on Dielectric Elastomers
Authors: Hubertus Jonas , Croce Sipontina , Neu Julian , Seelecke Stefan , Rizzello Gianluca , Schultes Günter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDielectric elastomer (DE) transducers are polymer‐based devices consisting of an insulating elastomeric membrane with compliant electrodes on both sides, forming a flexible capacitor that can work as an actuator or sensor. In this report, a new direct and maskless method is presented to pattern‐compliant metallic electrodes specially developed for DE applications. Highly conductive and stretchable nickel‐based electrodes are first sputter deposited onto pre‐stretched membranes, resulting in a wrinkled surface after relaxation. An arbitrary electrode design is directly patterned onto the double‐sided coated DE membrane by means of an ultra‐short pulse laser system with a wavelength of 355 nm. In this way, it is possible to achieve simultaneous ablation of both electrodes on the top and the bottom side of the silicone membrane, as well as a selective ablation of only the electrode facing the laser. With a minimal optical resolution of 20 µm, the laser structuring method opens the path toward the manufacturing of miniaturized DE transducers, such as micro‐scale DE arrays with integrated conductive paths, as well as the integration of optical features like diffraction gratings into the DE electrodes.
Unveiling the Effects of Cr Single Atoms with Controllable Configurations on Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Storage Mechanism of Sodium Ions
Authors: Wang Chong , Li Bohan , Shen Wanci , Kang Feiyu , Huang Zheng‐Hong , Lv Ruitao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSingle atomic metal (SAM) doping is reported as an effective strategy to promote the electrochemical property of carbon‐based anode materials for high‐power sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the effects of SAM with different configurations on solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and energy storage mechanism of Na+ are not revealed. Herein, Cr single atoms (CrSAs) are reported with controllable configurations (Cr–N4 or Cr–N2) implanted on the N, P co‐doped carbon (NPC) anode materials (denoted as CrN4SAs/NPC or CrN2SAs/NPC). The CrN4SAs/NPC anode displays a high specific capacity (318.2 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1) and outstanding rate performance (145.1 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), better than those of CrN2SAs/NPC and NPC. The superiority is originated from the difference of SEI and the energy storage mechanism of sodium ions during electrochemical process, which are unveiled through ex situ characterization and theoretical calculation. The full cell assembled with CrN4SAs/NPC anode and Na3V2(PO4)2F3@C cathode displays a high energy density at a high power density.
Self‐Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Li Baoju , Wang Zitao , Gao Zhuangzhuang , Suo Jinquan , Xue Ming , Yan Yushan , Valtchev Valentin , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are proposed as promising candidates for engineering advanced molecular sieving membranes due to their precise pore sizes, modifiable pore environment, and superior stability. However, COFs are insoluble in common solvents and do not melt at high temperatures, which presents a great challenge for the fabrication of COF‐based membranes (COFMs). Herein, for the first time, a new synthetic strategy is reported to prepare continuous and intact self‐standing COFMs, including 2D N‐COF membrane and 3D COF‐300 membrane. Both COFMs show excellent selectivity of H2/CO2 mixed gas (13.8 for N‐COF membrane and 11 for COF‐300 membrane), and especially ultrahigh H2 permeance (4319 GPU for N‐COF membrane and 5160 GPU for COF‐300 membrane), which is superior to those of COFMs reported so far. It should be noted that the overall separation performance of self‐standing COFMs exceeds the Robeson upper bound. Furthermore, a theoretical study based on Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is performed to explain the excellent separation of H2/CO2 through COFMs. Thus, this facile preparation method will provide a broad prospect for the development of self‐standing COFMs with highly efficient H2 purification.
Role of Magnetic Defects in Tuning Ground States of Magnetic Topological Insulators
Authors: Islam Farhan , Lee Yongbin , Pajerowski Daniel M. , Oh JinSu , Tian Wei , Zhou Lin , Yan Jiaqiang , Ke Liqin , McQueeney Robert J. , Vaknin David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMagnetic defects play an important, but poorly understood, role in magnetic topological insulators (TIs). For example, topological surface transport and bulk magnetic properties are controlled by magnetic defects in Bi2Se3‐based dilute ferromagnetic (FM) TIs and MnBi2Te4 (MBT)‐based antiferromagnetic (AFM) TIs. Despite its nascent ferromagnetism, the inelastic neutron scattering data show that a fraction of the Mn defects in Sb2Te3 form strong AFM dimer singlets within a quintuple block. The AFM superexchange coupling occurs via Mn–Te–Mn linear bonds and is identical to the AFM coupling between antisite defects and the FM Mn layer in MBT, establishing common interactions in the two materials classes. It is also found that the FM correlations in (Sb1−xMnx)2Te3 are likely driven by magnetic defects in adjacent quintuple blocks across the van der Waals gap. In addition to providing answers to long‐standing questions about the evolution of FM order in dilute TI, these results also show that the evolution of global magnetic order from AFM to FM in Sb‐substituted MBT is controlled by defect engineering of the intrablock and interblock coupling.
A Thrombin‐Activated Peptide‐Templated Nanozyme for Remedying Ischemic Stroke via Thrombolytic and Neuroprotective Actions
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Zhao Yue , Hou Yaxin , Tang Guoheng , Zhang Ruofei , Yang Yili , Yan Xiyun , Fan Kelong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) is one of the most common causes of disability and death. Thrombolysis and neuroprotection are two current major therapeutic strategies to overcome ischemic and reperfusion damage. In this work, a novel peptide‐templated manganese dioxide nanozyme (PNzyme/MnO2) is designed that integrates the thrombolytic activity of functional peptides with the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of nanozymes. Through self‐assembled polypeptides that contain multiple functional motifs, the novel peptide‐templated nanozyme is able to bind fibrin in the thrombus, cross the blood–brain barrier, and finally accumulate in the ischemic neuronal tissues, where the thrombolytic motif is “switched‐on” by the action of thrombin. In mice and rat IS models, the PNzyme/MnO2 prolongs the blood‐circulation time and exhibits strong thrombolytic action, and reduces the ischemic damages in brain tissues. Moreover, this peptide‐templated nanozyme also effectively inhibits the activation of astrocytes and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that the rationally designed PNzyme/MnO2 nanozyme exerts both thrombolytic and neuroprotective actions. Giving its long half‐life in the blood and ability to target brain thrombi, the biocompatible nanozyme may serve as a novel therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy and prevent secondary thrombosis during the treatment of IS.
Biomaterial‐Based Defenders Boost Biopharmaceuticals Efficacy for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment: A Review
Authors: Zhang Xunqi , Cao Jian , Wu Jiahe , Gao Jian‐Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) has seriously affected the lives of patients and brought economic and medical burdens to society. Biopharmaceuticals, including transplanted cells, growth factors, enzyme drugs, and microRNA, present multidimensional therapeutic effects in tissue repair and regeneration, and thus are widely utilized for the treatment of SCI. Nevertheless, they still encounter great challenges. The turbulent microenvironment accompanied by various destructive components following SCI has led to poor stability, low local accumulation, and reduced therapeutic efficacy of biopharmaceuticals. To this end, biomaterial‐based defenders (BBDs) that are capable of resisting the destructive components have shown great promise in improving the survival of transplanted cells or retaining the activity of the protein and nucleic acid drugs for the treatment of SCI. In this review, various types of biopharmaceuticals applied in SCI and their limitations are introduced. The destructive components that threaten the activities of biopharmaceuticals in the rigorous microenvironment are then summarized. In particular, the current research progress about BBDs boosting the efficacy of biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of SCI is illustrated with specific examples. The existing challenges and future perspectives are also provided.
Circularly Polarized Light‐driven Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Li Yong , Liu Yanjun , Luo Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhoto‐responsive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) actuator is of paramount significance for emerging applications in soft robotics, biomimetic devices, and adaptive optical devices. However, to achieve circularly polarized light‐driven LCE actuator, which can provide an additional degree of freedom of light in the control method, is still a challenge. Herein, a circularly polarized light‐driven LCE actuator is demonstrated. The actuator is fabricated by bonding a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) film, which is capable of selectively reflecting and transmitting circularly polarized light, with a photothermal agent doped LCE film in splay configuration as a bilayer structure. An electrically controlled optical system with a fast switching ability of circularly polarized light's handedness has been developed to study the circularly polarized light‐response bending property of the proposed actuator under various periodic driven voltage schemes. A crawler driven by circularly polarized light based on CLC‐LCE actuator is demonstrated experimentally with different moving modes. The application of circularly polarized light in the LCE actuator driving provides an additional controlling degree of freedom for photo‐responsive LCE actuators besides the wavelength, spatial distribution, and linear polarization of light, showing wide application prospects in soft robotics, biomimetic technologies, and adaptive optical devices.
Reactions Involving Multiple Isocyanide Insertions
Authors: Tashrifi Zahra , Mohammadi Khanaposhtani Mohammad , Gholami Fatemeh , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIsocyanides (isonitriles or carbylamine) have been intensively used in organic synthesis to prepare a diverse variety of N‐heterocycles on the basis of the carbene‐like reactivity of their divalent carbon atom. Isocyanides participate in a variety of reactions involving one, two, or more isocyanides. Compared to the popularity of single isocyanide reactions, few examples of reactions involving two or more isocyanides have been reported. In this review, we categorized and classified the literatures of reactions involving two or more isocyanides especially double isocyanide insertions under metal‐catalyzed or metal‐free conditions from 2014 to 2022.magnified image
A Visible‐Light Driven Esterification of Aldehydes Catalyzed by VOSO4
Authors: Gaspa Silvia , Ledda Luca , d'Atri David , Porcheddu Andrea , Pisano Luisa , Carraro Massimo , De Luca Lidia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn esterification of the C−H bond of aldehydes promoted by oxidovanadium(IV) sulfate, VIVOSO4, is reported. The process is mediated by visible‐light, is carried out at room temperature, in absence of additives and using H2O2 as a benign oxidant. VOSO4 is a commercially available, earth‐abundant metal (EAMs) salt, that does not require to be prepared. This report opens intriguing perspectives for the extended application of vanadium salts toward halogenation processes as well as for C−H activations and gives a contribution in the field of earth‐abundant metals based‐catalysis.magnified image
Molten‐Volcanic‐Ash‐Phobic Thermal Barrier Coating based on Biomimetic Structure
Authors: Guo Yiqian , Song Wenjia , Guo Lei , Li Xinxin , He Wenting , Yan Xudong , Dingwell Donald B. , Guo Hongbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVolcanic ash is a major threat to aviation safety. The softening/melting temperatures of volcanic ash lie far below typical aero‐engine operating temperatures. Thus, molten ash can accelerate the failure of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Here, inspired by natural superhydrophobic surfaces (e.g., the lotus leaf), a molten‐volcanic‐ash‐phobic TBC, which provides a large possibility to eliminate molten ash issues of TBCs, is developed. A hierarchically structured surface is first prepared on a (Gd0.9Yb0.1)2Zr2O7 (GYbZ) pellet by ultrafast laser direct writing technology, aiming to confirm the feasibility of the biomimetic microstructure to repel molten volcanic ash wetting. Then biomimetic‐structured GYbZ TBCs are successfully fabricated using plasma spray physical vapor deposition, which reveals “silicate” phobicity at high temperatures. The exciting molten‐volcanic‐ash‐phobic attribute of the designed surfaces is attributed to the lotus‐leaf‐like dual‐scale microstructure, emulating in particular the existence of nanoparticles. These findings may be an important step toward the development of next‐generation aviation engines with greatly reduced vulnerability to environmental siliceous debris.
Multiprincipal Element M2FeC (M = Ti,V,Nb,Ta,Zr) MAX Phases with Synergistic Effect of Dielectric and Magnetic Loss
Authors: Chen Lu , Li Youbing , Zhao Biao , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Huibin , Chen Ke , Li Mian , Du Shiyu , Xiu Faxian , Che Renchao , Chai Zhifang , Huang Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) wave pollution is harmful to human health and environment, thus it is absolutely important to develop new electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. MAX phases have been attracted more attention as a potential candidate for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials due to their high conductivity and nanolaminated structure. Herein, two new magnetic MAX phases with multiprincipal elements ((Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2FeC) in which Fe atoms replace Al atoms in the A sites are successfully synthesized by an isomorphous replacement reaction of multiprincipal (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2AlC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2AlC MAX phases with Lewis acid salt (FeCl2). (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2FeC exhibit ferromagnetic behavior, and the Curie temperature (Tc) are 302 and 235 K, respectively. The dual electromagnetic absorption mechanisms that include dielectric and magnetic loss, which is realized in these multiprincipal MAX phases. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC is −44.4 dB at 6.56 GHz with 3 mm thickness, and the effective bandwidth is 2.48 GHz. Additionally, the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the magnetic MAX phases indicate that magnetic loss also plays an important role besides dielectric loss. This work shows a promising composition‐design strategy to develop MAX phases with good EM wave absorption performance via simultaneously regulating dielectric and magnetic loss together.