bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The kinesin-5 protein Cut7 moves bidirectionally on fission yeast spindles with activity that increases in anaphase
Authors: Gergely Zachary R. , Ansari Saad , Jones Michele H. , Zhou Bojun , Cash Cai , McIntosh Richard , Betterton Meredith D. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Kinesin-5 motors are essential to separate mitotic spindle poles and assemble a bipolar spindle in many organisms. These motors crosslink and slide apart antiparallel microtubules via microtubule plus-end-directed motility. However, kinesin-5 localization is enhanced away from antiparallel overlaps. Increasing evidence suggests this localization occurs due to bidirectional motility or trafficking. The purified fission-yeast kinesin-5 protein Cut7 moves bidirectionally, but bidirectionality has not been shown in cells, and the function of the minus-end-directed movement is unknown. Here, we characterized the motility of Cut7 on bipolar and monopolar spindles and observed movement toward both plus- and minus-ends of microtubules. Notably, the activity of the motor increased at anaphase B onset. Perturbations to microtubule dynamics only modestly changed Cut7 movement, whereas Cut7 mutation reduced movement. These results suggest that the directed motility of Cut7 contributes to the movement of the motor. Comparison of the Cut7 mutant and human Eg5 (also known as KIF11) localization suggest a new hypothesis for the function of minus-end-directed motility and spindle-pole localization of kinesin-5s.
Insight into the regulation of axonal transport from the study of KIF1A-associated neurological disorder
Authors: Chiba Kyoko , Kita Tomoki , Anazawa Yuzu , Niwa Shinsuke 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Neuronal function depends on axonal transport by kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs). KIF1A is the molecular motor that transports synaptic vesicle precursors, synaptic vesicles, dense core vesicles and active zone precursors. KIF1A is regulated by an autoinhibitory mechanism; many studies, as well as the crystal structure of KIF1A paralogs, support a model whereby autoinhibited KIF1A is monomeric in solution, whereas activated KIF1A is dimeric on microtubules. KIF1A-associated neurological disorder (KAND) is a broad-spectrum neuropathy that is caused by mutations in KIF1A. More than 100 point mutations have been identified in KAND. In vitro assays show that most mutations are loss-of-function mutations that disrupt the motor activity of KIF1A, whereas some mutations disrupt its autoinhibition and abnormally hyperactivate KIF1A. Studies on disease model worms suggests that both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations cause KAND by affecting the axonal transport and localization of synaptic vesicles. In this Review, we discuss how the analysis of these mutations by molecular genetics, single-molecule assays and force measurements have helped to reveal the physiological significance of KIF1A function and regulation, and what physical parameters of KIF1A are fundamental to axonal transport.
The force response of muscles to activation and length perturbations depends on length history
Authors: Jeong Siwoo , Nishikawa Kiisa 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTRecent studies have demonstrated that muscle force is not determined solely by activation under dynamic conditions, and that length history has an important role in determining dynamic muscle force. Yet, the mechanisms for how muscle force is produced under dynamic conditions remain unclear. To explore this, we investigated the effects of muscle stiffness, activation and length perturbations on muscle force. First, submaximal isometric contraction was established for whole soleus muscles. Next, the muscles were actively shortened at three velocities. During active shortening, we measured muscle stiffness at optimal muscle length (L0) and the force response to time-varying activation and length perturbations. We found that muscle stiffness increased with activation but decreased as shortening velocity increased. The slope of the relationship between maximum force and activation amplitude differed significantly among shortening velocities. Also, the intercept and slope of the relationship between length perturbation amplitude and maximum force decreased with shortening velocity. As shortening velocities were related to muscle stiffness, the results suggest that length history determines muscle stiffness and the history-dependent muscle stiffness influences the contribution of activation and length perturbations to muscle force. A two-parameter viscoelastic model including a linear spring and a linear damper in parallel with measured stiffness predicted history-dependent muscle force with high accuracy. The results and simulations support the hypothesis that muscle force under dynamic conditions can be accurately predicted as the force response of a history-dependent viscoelastic material to length perturbations.
From quadrupedal to bipedal walking ‘on the fly’: the mechanics of dynamical mode transition in primates
Authors: Aerts Peter , Goyens Jana , Berillon Gilles , D'Août Kristiaan , Druelle François 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigated how baboons transition from quadrupedal to bipedal walking without any significant interruption in their forward movement (i.e. transition ‘on the fly’). Building on basic mechanical principles (momentum only changes when external forces/moments act on the body), insights into possible strategies for such a dynamical mode transition are provided and applied first to the recorded planar kinematics of an example walking sequence (including several continuous quadrupedal, transition and subsequent bipedal steps). Body dynamics are calculated from the kinematics. The strategy used in this worked example boils down to: crouch the hind parts and sprint them underneath the rising body centre of mass. Forward accelerations are not in play. Key characteristics of this transition strategy were extracted: progression speed, hip height, step duration (frequency), foot positioning at touchdown with respect to the hip and the body centre of mass (BCoM), and congruity between the moments of the ground reaction force about the BCoM and the rate of change of the total angular moment. Statistical analyses across the full sample (15 transitions of 10 individuals) confirm this strategy is always used and is shared across individuals. Finally, the costs (in J kg−1 m−1) linked to on the fly transitions were estimated. The costs are approximately double those of both the preceding quadrupedal and subsequent bipedal walking. Given the short duration of the transition as such (&lt;1 s), it is argued that the energetic costs to change walking posture on the fly are negligible when considered in the context of the locomotor repertoire.
The role of oxidative biomarkers in feline pan- leukopenia
Authors: Khoshvaghti A , Nojaba E 
Published: January 2023

Feline Pan-leukopenia is an important deadly gastrointestinal disease of cats. It is mostly prevalent in kittens with declining maternal antibodies as well as unvaccinated cats. Vitamin D and E, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase are essential enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of defensive system involve in defending the body against oxidative radicals. Malondialdehyde is a reliable commonly used marker of overall lipid peroxidation level showing the presence of oxidative stress. Measurement of the total serum antioxidant capacity seems to represent a suitable biochemical parameter for evaluating the overall antioxidant status resulting from antioxidant intake or production, and their consumption by the increasing levels of oxidative stress.The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in serum levels of Vitamins D and E, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde in cats infected with pan-leukopenia virus.Ten Persian male cats with clinical and laboratory symptoms of pan-leukopenia (n=10) and ten healthy Persian male cats (n=10) with a mean age of 6±2 months (minimum and maximum age were 3 and 8 months respectively) were selected. Superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase levels were assayed by ELISA, and vitamin E and D were measured by chromatography methods.There were no statistically significant differences between the mean serum levels of vitamin E, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant in healthy cats and those with feline pan leukopenia infection (P>0.05), while a statistically significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase and vitamin D levels, and an increase in malondialdehyde level were observed (P<0.05).A condition of oxidative stress appears in feline pan-leukopenia, possibly associated with the virus infection. This oxidative stress may play a role in prevention/treatment of feline panleukopenia.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolated from buffalo milk with subclinical mastitis: A different approach
Authors: Altan Feray , Yesilmen Alp Simten 
Published: January 2023

The aim of our study was the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 9 antimicrobials in current use and 3 potentially new alternatives against Arcobacter spp. isolated from dairy buffaloes with subclinical mastitis, and to evaluate these parameters together with pharmacokinetic parameters. The Arcobacter isolates was isolated from milk samples collected from dairy buffaloes with subclinical mastitis. The susceptibility of Arcobacter strains to antimicrobials were determined with the NCCLS microdilution technique and, not seen the blur according to the recommendations at the lowest concentration of antibiotic. MIC value of vancomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline were not determined, and MIC value of ceftiofur, spiramycin and gentamicin have showed wide variations for isolated strains. However, cefquinome, tylosin, enrofloxacin and florfenicol were determined the best-performing agents against these strains. Antibiotics show concentration and time dependent killing, and studies have demonstrated the AUC/MIC, Cmax/MIC and t MIC ratios to be the best diviner of antibacterial effect. In the present study, based on the MIC values determined for selected antimicrobial agents, and pharmacokinetic parameters, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, enrofloxacin and florfenicol may be appropriate for the treatment of mastitis infections caused by susceptible Arcobacter spp. in buffaloes.
Evaluation of the residual nitrite concentrations of locally produced and imported meat products in Kosovo
Authors: Rysha A , Kastrati GF , Jurkovic J , Kabashi-Kastrati E 
Published: January 2023

The use of food additive nitrite as curing agents is common in meat products, but their concentration in these products has raised the interest of researchers, because of the possible toxicity to humans. The aim of this study is to assess the nitrite concentration in meat products, which are highly used by all population groups in Kosovo. A total of 44 different meat products samples available on sale to the population, were assessed for residual nitrite using the spectrophotometric method that uses absorption in visible part of spectra. The amount of residual nitrites was detected in 19 (43%) of the samples, which included beef and chicken sausages, chicken & beef salami as well as beef prosciutto samples. The nitrite residue ranged between 0.1 and 11.5 mg/kg and was below the limits on the concentration of nitrites in meat products established by EU regulation 601/2014. Although these findings show that, the nitrite residue in the analyzed meat products is within the permitted limits, the highest presence of residual nitrite in industrial and low-cost meat products indicates a need for further assessments of nitrite exposure among consumers.
McLeod Health Optimizes Staffing for Patient Room Cleaning
Authors: Ahire Sanjay L. 
Published: January 2023

Patient room cleaning is an often-neglected hospital process. But it has serious implications for clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Delays in turning rooms around between patients can impair hospital capacity and capability to speed up patient treatment. Inefficient assignment of rooms to the cleaning staff also can lead to higher incidence of infection transmission. We systematically developed and piloted an efficient room assignment logic for this critical process through an integer-programming staff optimization model at McLeod Health, a leading hospital system in South Carolina. We identified an opportunity for a 20% reduction in staffing level to handle the prevalent demand and annual staffing cost savings of about $575,000 or to handle a 30% greater demand in dirty rooms using the current staffing levels. McLeod Health integrated our recommendations into their staffing strategy immediately. History: This paper was refereed. Funding: This paper is based on a consulting project funded through the University of South Carolina Operations and Supply Chain Center at McLeod Health under the sponsorship of Donna Isgett.
Maternal psychological distress and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Getaneh , Madoro Derebe , Tsegay Light 
Published: January 2023

Objective
Mothers who have endured psychological distress during pregnancy are more likely to have cognitive and behavioral issues for their baby, and are at greater risk for subsequent mental health problems for themselves. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress during pregnancy in women attending antenatal clinics in Addis Ababa public hospitals and to find out if there are any associated factors.

Methods
Hospital based cross sectional study was employed from May 7 to June 6, 2019 at public hospitals. A total of 810 pregnant women participated in the study selected through systematic random sampling technique. Kessler psychological distress Scale (K10) was used to measure psychological distress during pregnancy. Frequency tables and graphs were used to describe the study variable. The association between variables analyzed with bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression. A statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval.

Result
A total of 810 participants were included in the study with the response rate of 92%. The Prevalence of psychological distress among pregnant women was found to be 174(21.5%) with (95% CI, 18.6, 24.6). decreasing age [AOR = 3.61, 95%CI, 1.00, 13.01], no formal education [AOR = 3.57, 95%CI, 2.06, 6.19], having an abortion history [AOR = 2.23, 95%CI, 1.29, 3.87], having intimate partner violence [AOR = 4.06, 95%CI, 2.37, 6.94] and poor social support[AOR = 3.33, 95%CI, 1.95, 5.70] were statistically associated with psychological distress during pregnancy.

Conclusion
This research found high prevalence of psychological distress during pregnancy compared with majorities of preceding studies. In this study we identified factors that are associated with psychological distress in pregnancy. This includes, decreasing age, no formal education, having an abortion history, having intimate partner violence and poor social support. Psychological distress screening and potential risk factors for mental illness evaluations should be carried out during pregnancy for early diagnosis and intervention.
Clinical implications of preoperative echocardiographic findings on cardiovascular outcomes following vascular surgery: An observational trial
Authors: Meyer Matthew J. , Jameson Slater A. , Gillig Edward J. , Aggarwal Ankur , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Baldwin Mary , Singh Karen E. , Clouse W. Darrin , Blank Randal S. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Peripheral artery disease and cardiac disease are often comorbid conditions. Echocardiography is a diagnostic tool that can be performed preoperatively to risk stratify patients by a functional cardiac test. We hypothesized that ventricular dysfunction and valvular lesions were associated with an increased incidence of expanded major adverse cardiac events (Expanded MACE).

Methods and materials
Retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2020 including all patients from a major academic center who had vascular surgery and an echocardiographic study within two years of the index procedure.

Results
813 patients were included in the study; a majority had a history of smoking (86%), an ASA score of 3 (65%), and were male (68%). Carotid endarterectomy was the most common surgery (24%) and the least common surgery was open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (5%). We found no significant association between the echocardiographic findings of left ventricular dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction, or valvular lesions and the postoperative development of Expanded MACE.

Conclusions
The preoperative echocardiographic findings of left ventricular dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction and moderate to severe valvular lesions were not predictive of an increased incidence of postoperative Expanded MACE. We identified a significant association between RV dysfunction and post-operative dialysis that should be interpreted carefully due to the small number of outcomes. The transition from open to endovascular surgery and advances in perioperative management may have led to improved cardiovascular outcomes.

Trial registration
Trial Registration: NCT04836702 (clinicaltrials.gov). https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=NCT04836702.
A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
Authors: Liu Runzhan , Chen Xihua , Mao Guoyong , Zhang Ning 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Abstracted from real compounds, chemical elements can be considered a system tied by chemical bonds (or bonding relationships) between two elements, namely the chemical element and chemical bond system. Then, elements, bonds and their properties can be studied from the view of complex networks. Based on the previous work, we introduce bond polarity to judge edge direction and select four electronegativity scales to build the directed chemical bond networks. Taking node importance and element electronegativity as an example, we discuss the relationships of properties between chemistry and networks. Through quantitative analysis, the importance scale changing trends in all networks are found to follow the similar periodic laws. And there exist statistically significant correlations between most of scale pairs. The further analysis proves the similar chemical meanings between above two scales. All these conclusions are unassociated with specific electronegativity scales, even if their networks have different nodes and edges, which prove the rationality and universality of the proposed method. Our research gives a network explanation on element electronegativity, and we can study more objects and chemical properties from the view of complex networks.
A novel class of bipolar soft separation axioms concerning crisp points
Authors: Asaad Baravan A. , Musa Sagvan Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to define a new class of bipolar soft (BS) separation axioms known as BS

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Exploring immediate and prolonged effects of collaborative writing on young learners’ texts: L2 versus FL
Authors: Villarreal Izaskun , Martínez-Sánchez Amaia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Context or the teaching/learning environment has only recently been recognized as a mediating variable in L2/FL written performance. These studies are multisite and have not yet targeted another feature of context: the sociolinguistic status of the target language. Likewise, scarce research exists examining the prolonged effects of collaboration. The present classroom-based study fills this void by investigating the effects of collaboration on the (a) jointly written texts; (b) subsequent individual texts; and (c) texts written in two distinct sociolinguistic status target languages of two groups of 11–12-year-old Spanish primary education students. Distributed into a control (CG) (N = 17) and an experimental group (EG) (N = 10 pairs), they wrote three descriptive texts in each language, L2 Basque and FL English: the first and third individually and the second one individually by the CG and in pairs by the EG. The texts were examined qualitatively with a rubric and quantitatively for fluency and accuracy measures. Immediate and prolonged effects of collaboration were observed on accuracy, while fluency decreased and global qualitative scores varied very little. Additionally, unlike in the CG, language-dependent differences were not attested in the EG which suggests that collaborative writing is an expedient tool to increase attention to language and limit the mediating effects of the learning context.
A novel deep learning-based brain tumor detection using the Bagging ensemble with K-nearest neighbor
Authors: Archana K. V. , Komarasamy G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the case of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging, image processing is crucial. In the medical industry, MRI images are commonly used to analyze and diagnose tumor growth in the body. A number of successful brain tumor identification and classification procedures have been developed by various experts. Existing approaches face a number of obstacles, including detection time, accuracy, and tumor size. Early detection of brain tumors improves options for treatment and patient survival rates. Manually segmenting brain tumors from a significant number of MRI data for brain tumor diagnosis is a tough and time-consuming task. Automatic image segmentation of brain tumors is required. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of accuracy and simplify the medical picture segmentation procedure used to identify the type of brain tumor from MRI results. Additionally, this work suggests a novel method for identifying brain malignancies utilizing the Bagging Ensemble with K-Nearest Neighbor (BKNN) in order to raise the KNN’s accuracy and quality rate. For image segmentation, a U-Net architecture is utilized first, followed by a bagging-based k-NN prediction algorithm for classification. The goal of employing U-Net is to improve the accuracy and uniformity of parameter distribution in the layers. Each decision tree is fitted on a little different training dataset during classification, and the bagged decision trees are effective since each tree has minor differences and generates slightly different skilled predictions. The overall classification accuracy was up to 97.7 percent, confirming the efficiency of the suggested strategy for distinguishing normal and pathological tissues from brain MR images; this is greater than the methods that are already in use.