bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of haematologic and serum chemistry parameters in canine pyometra: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Demeli A. , Meyer J. C. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesPyometra is common in non‐spayed adult female dogs requiring early diagnosis and treatment to increase the survival rate. The diagnosis of pyometra is mainly based on clinical examination and anamnesis. Radiography, ultrasonography and laboratory analyses are recommended to support a diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess blood parameters associated with pyometra by performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Materials and MethodsThe review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search of three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and CAB abstracts) was performed in July 2022. Studies providing information about laboratory parameters for both the pyometra group and healthy control group dogs were eligible for inclusion. Data extraction included the first author’s name, publication year, country, number of participants in both groups, mean values of selected studies, standard deviation values, and blood parameters. The risk of bias for each study was evaluated, and a random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsWe included 44 studies which investigated 12 blood parameters. High heterogeneity was detected in all parameters in these meta‐analyses. The following blood parameters were increased in dogs with pyometra: white blood cell (mean=27.75×109 L−1, mean difference (MD)=17.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.85 to 19.47), monocytes (mean=2.06×1012/L, MD=1.37, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.74), blood urea nitrogen (mean=41.42 mg/dL MD=18.06, 95% CI 12.26 to 23.85), alkaline phosphatase (mean=212.78 IU/L, MD=137.51, 95% CI 81.81 to 88.62), and aspartate aminotransferase (mean=48.31 IU/L, MD=16.96, 95% CI 10.61 to 23.30). The following parameters were reduced: red blood cell (mean=5.42 1012/L, MD=−1.37, 95% CI −1.68 to −1.05), haemoglobin (mean=121.20 g/L, MD=−30.57, 95% CI −39.70 to 21.45), albumin (mean=23.71 g/L, MD = −8.16, 95% CI −11.46 to −4.86). Lymphocyte, creatinine, urea, and alanine transaminase parameters were increased in some studies and decreased in others.Clinical SignificanceIn canine pyometra, some blood parameters are consistently increased, some consistently decreased, and some increased or decreased depending on the study.
Redemption, transcendence, and spirituality, or ease, hope, and comfort? On Llanera's strong redescription of Rorty
Authors: Huckerby Elin Danielsen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Richard Rorty: Outgrowing Modern Nihilism, Tracy Llanera places Richard Rorty in conversation with philosophers confronting nihilism as a “malaise of modernity.” She shows how Rortyan thought offers a horizontal and relational approach to “redemption,” as opposed to religious or philosophical paths to be saved by higher beings or ideas. This essay focuses on Llanera's redescription of Rorty and whether amplifying Rorty's use of “redemption” and “transcendence” is wise. Leaving behind this laden vocabulary might better serve Llanera's purpose of illuminating a path to outgrow, rather than overcome, the anxiety of nihilism. After exploring Llanera's redescription of Rorty, the essay suggests that a different vocabulary—composed of words such as ease, hope, and comfort, and potentially as capable of supporting Llanera's overarching aim—is available in Rorty's writings. Turning to this other vocabulary might strengthen Llanera's significant contribution to the nihilism debate and to Rortyan and pragmatist philosophy more generally.
Filtration of environmentally sourced aquatic media impacts laboratory‐colonised Aedes albopictus early development and adult bacteriome composition
Authors: Griffin Chasen D. , Weber Danya E. , Seabourn Priscilla , Waianuhea Lorraine K. , Medeiros Matthew C. I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroorganisms form close associations with metazoan hosts forming symbiotic communities, known as microbiomes, that modulate host physiological processes. Mosquitoes are of special interest in exploring microbe‐modulated host processes due to their oversized impact on human health. However, most mosquito work is done under controlled laboratory conditions where natural microbiomes are not present and inferences from these studies may not extend to natural populations. Here we attempt to assemble a wild‐resembling bacteriome under laboratory conditions in an established laboratory colony of Aedes albopictus using aquatic media from environmentally‐exposed and differentially filtered larval habitats. While we did not successfully replicate a wild bacteriome using these filtrations, we show that these manipulations alter the bacteriomes of mosquitoes, generating a unique composition not seen in wild populations collected from and near our source water or in our laboratory colony. We also demonstrate that our filtration regimens impact larval development times, as well as impact adult survival on different carbohydrate diets.
Forging a symbiosis: transition metal delivery in symbiotic nitrogen fixation
Authors: González‐Guerrero Manuel , Navarro‐Gómez Cristina , Rosa‐Núñez Elena , Echávarri‐Erasun Carlos , Imperial Juan , Escudero Viviana 
Published: June 2023

SummarySymbiotic nitrogen fixation carried out by the interaction between legumes and rhizobia is the main source of nitrogen in natural ecosystems and in sustainable agriculture. For the symbiosis to be viable, nutrient exchange between the partners is essential. Transition metals are among the nutrients delivered to the nitrogen‐fixing bacteria within the legume root nodule cells. These elements are used as cofactors for many of the enzymes controlling nodule development and function, including nitrogenase, the only known enzyme able to convert N2 into NH3. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on how iron, zinc, copper, and molybdenum reach the nodules, how they are delivered to nodule cells, and how they are transferred to nitrogen‐fixing bacteria within.
Relative peripheral hyperopia leads to greater short‐term axial length growth in White children with myopia
Authors: Leighton Rebecca E. , Breslin Karen M. , Richardson Patrick , Doyle Lesley , McCullough Sara J. , Saunders Kathryn J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeControversy exists regarding the influence of peripheral visual experience on the onset and progression of childhood myopia. This longitudinal, observational study evaluated the relationship between relative peripheral refraction (RPR) and changes in refractive error and axial length (AL) over 12 months in White children aged 6–7 and 12–13 years with a range of baseline refractive errors.MethodsCycloplegic baseline autorefraction at horizontal retinal eccentricities of 0° and ±30° were recorded with the Shin‐Nippon NVision‐K 5001 while AL was measured using the Zeiss IOLMaster 700. Measurements were repeated after 12 months on a subgroup. Refractive data were transposed into power vectors as mean spherical equivalent (M), J0 and J45. RPR was calculated by subtracting central from peripheral measurements. Participants were defined as myopic (M ≤ −0.50 D), premyopic (−0.50 D < M ≤ +0.75 D), emmetropic (+0.75 D < M < +2.00 D) or hyperopic (M ≥ +2.00 D).ResultsData were collected from 222 and 245 participants aged 6–7 and 12–13 years, respectively. Myopic eyes demonstrated, on average, more hyperopic RPR. Emmetropes and premyopes displayed emmetropic RPR, and hyperopes showed a myopic RPR. Fifty‐six 6‐ to 7‐year‐olds and seventy 12‐ to 13‐year‐olds contributed 12‐month repeated measures. Longitudinal data demonstrated a significant relationship between a more hyperopic RPR in the nasal retina and greater short‐term axial elongation in teens with myopia at baseline (β = 0.69; p = 0.04). Each dioptre of relative peripheral hyperopia in the nasal retina was associated with an additional 0.10 mm (95% CI: 0.02–0.18 mm) annual increase in AL.ConclusionsHyperopic RPR in the nasal retina of myopic children is indicative of increased risk for rapid axial elongation and may be a useful metric to support decision‐making in myopia management.
Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of gastric papillary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Arai Tomio , Komatsu Akiko , Kanazawa Nobuo , Nonaka Keisuke , Ishiwata Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPapillary adenocarcinoma is defined as carcinoma with a well‐defined papillary or villous structure. Despite sharing clinicopathological and morphological features with tubular adenocarcinomas, papillary adenocarcinomas frequently show microsatellite instability. The present study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features, molecular classification, and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression characteristics of papillary adenocarcinoma, especially tumors with microsatellite instability. We examined the microsatellite status and expression of mucin core proteins and PD‐L1 as well as the clinicopathological features in 40 gastric papillary adenocarcinomas. Surrogate immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and mismatch repair proteins along with Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded RNA in situ hybridization were performed for molecular classification. Female predominance and frequent microsatellite instability were observed in papillary adenocarcinoma in comparison with tubular adenocarcinoma. The presence of microsatellite instability in papillary adenocarcinoma was significantly correlated with older age, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, and Crohn's‐like lymphoid reactions. Surrogate examination demonstrated that the genomically stable type (17 cases, 42.5%) was the most common, followed by the microsatellite‐unstable type (14 cases, 35%). Among the seven cases showing PD‐L1‐positive expression in tumor cells, four involved carcinomas with microsatellite instability. These results reveal the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of gastric papillary adenocarcinoma.
Depression and thoughts of self‐harm and suicide among people living with dementia: results of a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Carey Mariko , Mansfield Elise , Cameron Emilie , Boyes Allison , Browne William , Dizon Jason , Sanson‐Fisher Rob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDepression is common among people with dementia. Despite most people with dementia living in the community, there have been few investigations of self‐reported depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among community‐dwelling people with dementia in Australia. This study aimed to explore the proportion of people with mild, moderate and severe levels of depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among a sample of people living with dementia in Australia. Correlates of reporting depressive symptoms were also explored.MethodsAdults diagnosed with dementia by a medical professional who were English speaking and community‐dwelling were asked to complete a paper and pencil survey. Those who were unable to provide independent consent were excluded. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale −15, and suicidal ideation was assessed using two study‐specific items. Multivariable analyses examined quality of life, unmet needs and sociodemographic factors associated with having a score of five or more on the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15.ResultsNinety‐four people participated in the study. Thirty‐seven percent (n = 35) reported some level of depressive symptoms, with most of these (21%, n = 20) classified as having mild depressive symptoms. Five participants (5%) reported they had had thoughts of being better off dead or hurting themselves, while three (3%) reported having had a plan to end their life. For each additional unmet need, the odds of being depressed increased by 25%(P < 0.001). For each point increase in quality of life, the odds of being depressed decreased by 48% (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe high proportion of people with dementia who report depressive symptoms suggests the need to routinely assess depressive symptoms among this group. There may also be benefits in assessing unmet needs and addressing these where possible as part of an approach to reducing depression among people living with dementia in the community.
Incentives and effort in the public and private sector
Authors: van Triest Sander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile public service motivation theory suggests that public sector employees have higher levels of intrinsic motivation, average pay levels in the public sector are not lower, so public sector employees also value financial incentives. We investigate the relationship of financial incentives with effort (measured with unpaid overtime) for public versus private sector employees using a UK sample. Bonuses are used much less in the public sector, but their relationship with effort is not different between sectors. Public sector employees exert more effort when base pay is higher and do so to a somewhat higher extent than private sector employees. However, public sector employees increase effort more when effort is an important promotion criterion and when perceived job security is higher. Thus, implicit incentives resulting from being in a secure job and developing in that job are more effective for public sector employees than for private sector employees.
The impacts of trade liberalization on the local labor market: Older women are especially vulnerable
Authors: Yu Chan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article examines the disparate impacts of Chinese import growth on US workers according to gender and age. I show that Chinese import growth generates larger employment losses for less skilled women than men in manufacturing. The gendered effects vary by age and are most concentrated among middle‐aged workers. The motherhood career interruption may explain the gender‐age disparities. Trade shocks depress labor outcomes more for women with children than for their male counterparts. Moreover, I find that the gender‐age differential effect is alleviated when trade shocks hit industries with longer female job tenure.
Prevalence and risk factors of frailty among older family caregivers
Authors: Kiljunen Outi , Välimäki Tarja , Savela Roosa‐Maria , Koponen Sohvi , Nykänen Irma , Suominen Anna Liisa , Schwab Ursula 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of frailty and identify the demographical and clinical factors associated with frailty among older family caregivers.MethodThe participants of this cross‐sectional study were older family caregivers (n = 125) living in Eastern Finland. Data on functional and cognitive status, depressive symptoms, nutritional status, medication, chronic diseases, stroke, and oral health were obtained. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used to evaluate nutritional status. Frailty status was evaluated using the abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment (aCGA) scale.ResultsSeventy‐three percent of caregivers were identified as frail. According to multivariable logistic regression, cataract, glaucoma, or macular degeneration and the MNA score were predictors of frailty. After adjusting for age, gender, and number of own teeth, the MNA score remained a significant predictor of frailty (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.41). As the MNA scores decreased (meaning poorer nutritional status), the risk of frailty increased.ConclusionsThe present study showed that frailty is prevalent among older family caregivers. Recognising older family caregivers with frailty or at risk of frailty is vital. It is essential to acknowledge vision problems' role in frailty and to monitor and support the nutritional status of family caregivers regularly to prevent frailty development.
Loneliness and the sexual behavior of sexual minority men in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Skakoon‐Sparling Shayna , Palma Paolo A. , Zahran Adhm , Hart Trevor A. , Moore David M. , Cox Joseph , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Dvorakova Milada , Daroya Emerich , Grace Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn March 2020, in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, Canadian provincial governments instituted a variety of public health measures that included social distancing and isolation, which may have had unintended consequeses. According to the Loneliness and Sexual Risk Model, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) often cope with loneliness through risky sexual behaviors. Previous studies have demonstrated that COVID‐19 measures such as social distancing and isolation led to increases in loneliness; thus, these measures may also have led to elevated sexual risk‐taking among some GBM. Participants were recruited from an ongoing cohort study on GBM health and well‐being, and were included in the current analysis if they had completed relevant study questions (n = 1134). GBM who reported lower levels of social support pre‐COVID‐19, were younger, and lived alone each reported greater loneliness during the first year of COVID‐19. Although feelings of loneliness did not predict sexual risk‐taking within the first year of COVID‐19, loneliness did predict greater sexual risk‐taking 6 months later. Additionally, younger GBM and those living alone were more likely to engage in sexual risk‐taking at both COVID‐19 data collection points. These findings offer some support of the Loneliness and Sexual Risk Model; however, it is possible that the unique circumstances of the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a temporary suspension of this association, as many GBM took steps to protect themselves and partners in the context of COVID‐19.
Pulmonary oedema in the course of severe maternal outcome in South Africa: A cohort study combined with clinical audit
Authors: Heitkamp Anke , Sandberg Evelien , Moodley Ashley , Burke Jonathan , van Roosmalen Jos , Gebhardt Stefan , Vollmer Linda , de Vries Johanna I. , van den Akker Thomas , Theron Gerhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the incidence and outcomes of pulmonary oedema in women with severe maternal outcome during childbirth and identify possible modifiable factors through audit.MethodsAll women with severe maternal outcome (maternal deaths or near misses) who were referred to Tygerberg referral hospital from health facilities in Metro East district, South Africa, during 2014–2015 were included. Women with severe maternal outcome and pulmonary oedema during pregnancy or childbirth were evaluated using three types of critical incident audit: criterion‐based case review by one consultant gynaecologist, monodisciplinary critical incident audit by a team of gynaecologists, multidisciplinary audit with expert review from anaesthesiologists and cardiologists.ResultsOf 32,161 pregnant women who gave birth in the study period, 399 (1.2%) women had severe maternal outcome and 72/399 (18.1%) had pulmonary oedema with a case fatality rate of 5.6% (4/72). Critical incident audit demonstrated that pre‐eclampsia/HELLP‐syndrome and chronic hypertension were the main conditions underlying pulmonary oedema (44/72, 61.1%). Administration of volumes of intravenous fluids in already sick women, undiagnosed underlying cardiac illness, administration of magnesium sulphate as part of pre‐eclampsia management and oxytocin for augmentation of labour were identified as possible contributors to the pathophysiology of pulmonary oedema. Women‐related factors (improved antenatal care attendance) and health care‐related factors (earlier diagnosis and management) would potentially have improved maternal outcome.ConclusionsAlthough pulmonary oedema in pregnancy is rare, among women with severe maternal outcome a considerable proportion had pulmonary oedema (18.1%). Audit identified options for prevention of pulmonary oedema and improved outcome. These included early detection and management of preeclampsia with close monitoring of fluid intake and cardiac evaluation in case of suspected pulmonary oedema. Therefore, a multidisciplinary clinical approach is recommended.
MxMPK6‐2‐mediated phosphorylation enhances the response of apple rootstocks to Fe deficiency by activating PM H+‐ATPase MxHA2
Authors: Sun Qiran , Zhao Danrui , Gao Min , Wu Yue , Zhai Longmei , Sun Shan , Wu Ting , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYIron (Fe) deficiency significantly affects the growth and development, fruit yield and quality of apples. Apple roots respond to Fe deficiency stress by promoting H+ secretion, which acidifies the soil. In this study, the plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase MxHA2 promoted H+ secretion and root acidification of apple rootstocks under Fe deficiency stress. H+‐ATPase MxHA2 is upregulated in Fe‐efficient apple rootstock of Malus xiaojinensis at the transcription level. Fe deficiency also induced kinase MxMPK6‐2, a positive regulator in Fe absorption that can interact with MxHA2. However, the mechanism involving these two factors under Fe deficiency stress is unclear. MxMPK6‐2 overexpression in apple roots positively regulated PM H+‐ATPase activity, thus enhancing root acidification under Fe deficiency stress. Moreover, co‐expression of MxMPK6‐2 and MxHA2 in apple rootstocks further enhanced PM H+‐ATPase activity under Fe deficiency. MxMPK6‐2 phosphorylated MxHA2 at the Ser909 site of C terminus, Thr320 and Thr412 sites of the Central loop region. Phosphorylation at the Ser909 and Thr320 promoted PM H+‐ATPase activity, while phosphorylation at Thr412 inhibited PM H+‐ATPase activity. MxMPK6‐2 also phosphorylated the Fe deficiency‐induced transcription factor MxbHLH104 at the Ser169 site, which then could bind to the promoter of MxHA2, thus enhancing MxHA2 upregulation. In conclusion, the MAP kinase MxMPK6‐2‐mediated phosphorylation directly and indirectly regulates PM H+‐ATPase MxHA2 activity at the protein post‐translation and transcription levels, thus synergistically enhancing root acidification under Fe deficiency stress.
OsMADS5 interacts with OsSPL14/17 to inhibit rice root elongation by restricting cell proliferation of root meristem under ammonium supply
Authors: Guo Xiaoli , Chen Yake , Hu Yibo , Feng Fan , Zhu Xiuli , Sun Hongzheng , Li Junzhou , Zhao Quanzhi , Sun Huwei 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYNitrogen (N) is a vital major nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa). Rice responds to different applications of N by altering its root morphology, including root elongation. Although ammonium () is the primary source of N for rice, is toxic to rice roots and inhibits root elongation. However, the precise molecular mechanism that ‐inhibited root elongation of rice is not well understood. Here, we identified a rice T‐DNA insert mutant of OsMADS5 with a longer seminal root (SR) under sufficient N conditions. Reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of OsMADS5 was increased under compared with supply. Under conditions, knocking out OsMADS5 (cas9) produced a longer SR, phenocopying osmads5, while there was no significant difference in SR length between wild‐type and cas9 under supply. Moreover, OsMADS5‐overexpression plants displayed the opposite SR phenotype. Further study demonstrated that enhancement of OsMADS5 by supply inhibited rice SR elongation, likely by reducing root meristem activity of root tip, with the involvement of OsCYCB1;1. We also found that OsMADS5 interacted with OsSPL14 and OsSPL17 (OsSPL14/17) to repress their transcriptional activation by attenuating DNA binding ability. Moreover, loss of OsSPL14/17 function in osmads5 eliminated its stimulative effect on SR elongation under conditions, implying OsSPL14/17 may function downstream of OsMADS5 to mediate rice SR elongation under supply. Overall, our results indicate the existence of a novel modulatory pathway in which enhancement of OsMADS5 by supply represses the transcriptional activities of OsSPL14/17 to restrict SR elongation of rice.