bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depolymerization of Polyester and Polycarbonate Waste using HBpin and Cheap Zinc Catalysts
Authors: Branco Tamára A. H. , Fernandes Ana C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work describes a novel method for the efficient reductive depolymerization of polyester and polycarbonate plastic waste using pinacolborane (HBpin) catalyzed by Zn(OAc)2.2H2O and Zn(OTf)2. This method is applied to a variety of plastic waste and has the advantages of combining the use of non‐toxic, cheap, and commercially available catalysts with a mild, easy‐to‐handle reducing agent, with excellent yields, under mild reaction conditions.
Photo‐Chemical Stimulation of Neurons with Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Savva Achilleas , Hama Adel , Herrera‐López Gabriel , Schmidt Tony , Migliaccio Ludovico , Steiner Nadia , Kawan Malak , Fiumelli Hubert , Magistretti Pierre J. , McCulloch Iain , Baran Derya , Gasparini Nicola , Schindl Rainer , Głowacki Eric D. , Inal Sahika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent advances in light‐responsive materials enabled the development of devices that can wirelessly activate tissue with light. Here it is shown that solution‐processed organic heterojunctions can stimulate the activity of primary neurons at low intensities of light via photochemical reactions. The p‐type semiconducting polymer PDCBT and the n‐type semiconducting small molecule ITIC (a non‐fullerene acceptor) are coated on glass supports, forming a p–n junction with high photosensitivity. Patch clamp measurements show that low‐intensity white light is converted into a cue that triggers action potentials in primary cortical neurons. The study shows that neat organic semiconducting p–n bilayers can exchange photogenerated charges with oxygen and other chemical compounds in cell culture conditions. Through several controlled experimental conditions, photo‐capacitive, photo‐thermal, and direct hydrogen peroxide effects on neural function are excluded, with photochemical delivery being the possible mechanism. The profound advantages of low‐intensity photo‐chemical intervention with neuron electrophysiology pave the way for developing wireless light‐based therapy based on emerging organic semiconductors.
A Photomechanical Film in which Liquid Crystal Design Shifts the Absorption into the Visible Light Range
Authors: Schultzke Sven , Scheuring Nikolai , Puylaert Pim , Lehmann Matthias , Staubitz Anne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLiquid crystalline polymer networks (LCN) with azobenzene monomers bend reversibly under UV‐light irradiation, combining photomechanical and photothermal effects. However, the harmful nature of UV‐light limits their use in biology and soft robotics. Although visible light‐absorbing tetra‐ortho‐fluoro‐substituted azobenzenes exist, liquid crystalline monomers have never been prepared. Previously, such azobenzenes were added as photoactive additives (up to 10%) to otherwise passive liquid crystalline polymer networks. In this work, a molecular design of a liquid crystalline, polymerizable azobenzene switchable by visible light is presented. The monomer assembles in a highly fluid nematic phase, but polymerizes in a layered smectic C phase. The films are produced solely from the monomer without additional liquid crystalline components and are actuated with visible light. Bending experiments in air and under water differentiate photomechanical and photothermal effects. Remarkably, a 60 µm splay aligned film maintains its deformation for hours, slowly reverting over days. Monomer liquid crystallinity is characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and polarized optical microscopy (POM); polymer films are analyzed using WAXS and DSC on a homogeneously aligned film. The synthetic procedure is high yielding and polymer film fabrication is scalable, which enables the use of safe and efficient photomechanical LCNs in soft robotics, engineering and biology.
Near‐Field Photodetection in Direction Tunable Surface Plasmon Polaritons Waveguides Embedded with Graphene
Authors: Wu Chia‐Hung , Ku Chih‐Jen , Yu Min‐Wen , Yang Jhen‐Hong , Wu Pei‐Yuan , Huang Chen‐Bin , Lu Tien‐Chang , Huang Jer‐Shing , Ishii Satoshi , Chen Kuo‐Ping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract2D materials have manifested themselves as key components toward compact integrated circuits. Because of their capability to circumvent the diffraction limit, light manipulation using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is highly‐valued. In this study, plasmonic photodetection using graphene as a 2D material is investigated. Non‐scattering near‐field detection of SPPs is implemented via monolayer graphene stacked under an SPP waveguide with a symmetric antenna. Energy conversion between radiation power and electrical signals is utilized for the photovoltaic and photoconductive processes of the gold‐graphene interface and biased electrodes, measuring a maximum photoresponsivity of 29.2 mA W−1. The generated photocurrent is altered under the polarization state of the input light, producing a 400% contrast between the maximum and minimum signals. This result is universally applicable to all on‐chip optoelectronic circuits.
Controllable Friction on Graphene via Adjustable Interfacial Contact Quality
Authors: Wang Wen , Zhang Yu , Li Zhihong , Qian Linmao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the numerous unique properties revealed through tribology research on graphene, the development of applications that utilize its rich tribological properties remains a long‐sought goal. In this article, a novel approach for reversible patterning of graphene's frictional properties using out‐of‐plane mechanical tapping is presented. The friction force between the atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and the graphene film is increased by up to a factor of two, which can be attributed to variations in the interfacial binding strength between the graphene and substrate through the tapping process. The reversible and repeatable frictional properties of graphene make it a promising material for information storage applications with a high storage capacity of ≈1600 GB inch−2, allowing for direct writing and erasing of information, akin to a blackboard. These findings highlight the potential for friction tuning in lamellar materials and emphasize the significance of understanding nanoscale friction on graphene surfaces.
Constructing Efficient Mg(CF3SO3)2 Electrolyte via Tailoring Solvation and Interface Chemistry for High‐Performance Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Duo , Wang Yaru , Yang Yang , Zhang Yang , Zhao Yazhen , Pan Ming , Sun Yukun , Chen Shaopeng , Liu Xiaoshuo , Wang Jiulin , NuLi Yanna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNon‐passivating and chlorine‐free electrolytes are crucial for making rechargeable magnesium batteries practically feasible. Rational design of a brand‐new electrolyte should balance both Mg salt and solvent considering that the interfacial reactions occurring at electrolyte/electrode interface involve with ion solvation structure. Herein, nitrogenous 2‐methoxyethylamine (MOEA) is employed as co‐solvent to regulate the coordination behavior of cations/anions in Mg(CF3SO3)2‐G2 electrolyte after a series of screenings, which enables significantly ameliorated physiochemical properties. In‐depth insight on the mechanism of MOEA participating in the solvation structure formation and interfacial reactions is deduced via density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The decompositions of MOEA‐tailored cationic/anionic complexes shield Mg anode and Mo6S8 cathode with Mg3N2 and CxNy‐rich layers, respectively, which enable to suppress side reaction and accelerate Mg2+ transportation with competing desolvation at the interfacial layer. All the merits endow remarkable performances of symmetric/asymmetric cells with ultralong‐cycle lives over 5000 h and a remarkable average Coulombic efficiency of 98.3% after 8200 cycles (≈11 months), respectively. Additionally, a cheerful discharge capacity of ≈59.3 mAh g−1 is obtained over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C in Mo6S8||Mg full cell.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with myeloid malignancies and DDX41 variants
Authors: Bataller Alex , Loghavi Sanam , Gerstein Yoheved , Bazinet Alexandre , Sasaki Koji , Chien Kelly S. , Hammond Danielle , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo , Borthakur Gautam , Short Nicholas , Issa Ghayas C. , Kadia Tapan M. , Daver Naval , Tang Guilin , Quesada Andres , Patel Keyur P. , Ravandi Farhad , Fiskus Warren , Mill Cristopher P. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Bhalla Kapil , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Oran Betul , DiNardo Courtney D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDDX41 is the most frequently mutated gene in myeloid neoplasms associated with germline predisposition including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed 3795 patients with myeloid neoplasms and identified 151 (4%) with DDX41 variants and a diagnosis of AML (n = 96), MDS (n = 52), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 3). The most frequent DDX41 variants were the somatic variant p.R525H, followed by the germline variants p.M1I and p.D140fs. Most neoplasms had a normal karyotype (59%) and the most frequent co‐mutations were TP53 (16%) and ASXL1 (15%). 30% of patients had no concomitant mutations besides DDX41 mutation. Patients with myeloid malignancies and DDX41 variants responded well to therapy, with an overall response rate for patients with treatment naïve AML and MDS of 87% and 84%, respectively. The median overall survival (mOS) of patients with treatment‐naïve AML or MDS was 49 and 71 months, respectively. Patients with AML treated with low‐intensity regimens including venetoclax had an improved survival (2‐year OS 91% vs. 60%, p = .02) and lower cumulative incidence of relapse compared to those treated without venetoclax (10% vs. 56%, p = .03). In the 33% of patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the 2‐year OS was 80% and 85% for AML and MDS, respectively.
A globally applicable “triple A” risk model for essential thrombocythemia based on Age, Absolute neutrophil count, and Absolute lymphocyte count
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Loscocco Giuseppe G. , Farrukh Faiqa , Szuber Natasha , Mannelli Francesco , Pardanani Animesh , Hanson Curtis A. , Ketterling Rhett P. , De Stefano Valerio , Carobbio Alessandra , Barbui Tiziano , Guglielmelli Paola , Gangat Naseema , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examined the individual prognostic contribution of absolute neutrophil (ANC), lymphocyte (ALC), and monocyte (AMC) counts, on overall (OS), leukemia‐free (LFS), and myelofibrosis‐free (MFFS) survival in essential thrombocythemia (ET). Informative cases (N = 598; median age 59 years; females 62%) were retrospectively accrued from a Mayo Clinic database: JAK2 59%, CALR 27%, triple‐negative 11%, and MPL 3%; international prognostic scoring system for ET (IPSET) risk high 21%, intermediate 42%, and low 37%; 7% (37/515) had abnormal karyotype and 10% (21/205) adverse mutations (SF3B1/SRSF2/U2AF1/TP53). At median 8.4 years, 163 (27%) deaths, 71 (12%) fibrotic, and 20 (3%) leukemic transformations were recorded. Multivariable analysis resulted in HR (95% CI) of 16.5 (9.9–27.4) for age > 70 years, 3.7 (2.3–6.0) for age 50–70 years, 2.4 (1.7–3.3) for ANC ≥8 × 109/L, and 1.9 (1.4–2.6) for ALC <1.7 × 109/L. The corresponding HR‐based scores were 4, 2, 1, and 1, resulting in an new 4‐tiered AgeAncAlc (AAA; triple A) risk model: high (5–6 points; median survival 8 years; HR 30.1, 95% CI 17.6–54), intermediate‐2 (4 points; median 13.5 years; HR 12.7, 95% CI 7.1–23.0), intermediate‐1 (2–3 points; median 20.7 years; HR 3.8, 95% CI 2.3–6.4) and low (0–1 points; median 47 years). The AAA model (Akaike Information Criterion [AIC] 621) performed better than IPSET (AIC 647) and was subsequently validated by an external University of Florence ET cohort (N = 485). None of the AAA variables predicted LFS while ALC <1.7 × 109/L was associated with inferior MFFS (p = .01). Adverse mutations (p < .01) and karyotype (p < .01) displayed additional prognostic value without disqualifying the prognostic integrity of the AAA model. This study proposes a simple and globally applicable survival model for ET, which can be used as a platform for further molecular refinement. This study also suggests a potential role for immune‐related biomarkers, as a prognostic tool in myeloproliferative neoplasms.
The impact of fever as a testing indication on the detection rate of deep vein thrombosis in neurocritically ill patients
Authors: Henson Theresa , Velasquez Ricardo , Martin Alvaro , Kozlova Natalya , Chandy Dipak , Epelbaum Oleg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is considered a possible source of non‐infectious, non‐central fever in the intensive care unit (ICU). In the neurocritically ill, it is unknown whether lower extremity venous Doppler ultrasonography (LEVDUS) for DVT in the setting of fever leads to a higher detection rate than the baseline detection rate of DVT in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the DVT detection rate of LEVDUS performed for the indication of fever to LEVDUS performed for other indications in a neurosciences ICU.MethodsRequisition forms for all LEVDUS performed in a referral neurosciences ICU were reviewed and separated into those with “fever” as the stated reason for request and those with other stated reasons. The DVT detection rate was compared between these two categories of indications.ResultsFive hundred eleven LEVDUS were analyzed, of which 422 had been ordered for indications other than fever. Sixteen of these tests were positive, a detection rate of 3.8%. The remaining 89 LEVDUS had “fever” as the ordering indication. Six of these tests were positive for DVT, a detection rate of 6.7%. The likelihood of positivity of a test obtained as part of fever evaluation relative to one obtained for non‐fever indications was not significantly different (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.570–5.11; P = 0.246).ConclusionLEVDUS triggered by fever detected DVT at a numerically, but not statistically significantly higher rate than did LEVDUS performed for other indications in a neurocritically ill population. More rigorous investigation of this question is needed.
Nucleophilic Carbenes Derived from Dichloromethane
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Le Nguyen , Uyeda Christopher 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNickel PyBox catalysts promote nucleophilic cyclopropanation reactions using CH2Cl2 as a methylene source and Mn as a stoichiometric reductant. The substrate scope includes a broad range of alkenes bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents, including esters, amides, ketones, nitriles, sulfones, phosphonate esters, trifluoromethyl groups, and electron‐deficient arenes. Enantioselective cyclopropanations of α,β‐unsaturated esters have been developed using chiral PyBox ligands. Mechanistic studies suggest the intermediacy of a (PyBox)Ni=CH2 species, which adds to the alkene by a stepwise [2+2]‐cycloaddition/C−C reductive elimination mechanism. DFT models provide a rationale for the nucleophilic character of the nickel carbene and the sense of enantioinduction.
Boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia via Tuning of N‐Intermediate Adsorption on a Zn−Cu Catalyst
Authors: Wu Limin , Feng Jiaqi , Zhang Libing , Jia Shunhan , Song Xinning , Zhu Qinggong , Kang Xinchen , Xing Xueqing , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe renewable‐energy‐powered electroreduction of nitrate (NO3−) to ammonia (NH3) has garnered significant interest as an eco‐friendly and promising substitute for the Haber–Bosch process. However, the sluggish kinetics hinders its application at a large scale. Herein, we first calculated the N‐containing species (*NO3 and *NO2) binding energy and the free energy of the hydrogen evolution reaction over Cu with different metal dopants, and it was shown that Zn was a promising candidate. Based on the theoretical study, we designed and synthesized Zn‐doped Cu nanosheets, and the as‐prepared catalysts demonstrated excellent performance in NO3−‐to‐NH3. The maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of NH3 could reach 98.4 % with an outstanding yield rate of 5.8 mol g−1 h−1, which is among the best results up to date. The catalyst also had excellent cycling stability. Meanwhile, it also presented a FE exceeding 90 % across a wide potential range and NO3− concentration range. Detailed experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the Zn doping could modulate intermediates adsorption strength, enhance NO2− conversion, change the *NO adsorption configuration to a bridge adsorption, and decrease the energy barrier, leading to the excellent catalytic performance for NO3−‐to‐NH3.
Development of dual stage solvent fractionation as an approach to concentrate carotenoids from crude palm oil with high recovery: The potential use of molecular simulation as a pre‐screening tool
Authors: Tong Shi‐Cheng , Lee Yee‐Ying , Tang Teck‐Kim , Chan Eng‐Seng , Phuah Eng‐Tong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCrude palm oil (CPO) is highly abundant in carotenoids. Previous findings found that dry fractionation can concentrate carotenoids from CPO but resulted in a significant loss of carotenoids. Therefore, the present study aimed to utilize solvent fractionation, which offers a better separation efficiency, to concentrate carotenoids from CPO with improved recovery. Computational study revealed a high binding affinity of phytonutrient towards unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) species in olein fraction due to similar polarity. This prediction was further verified with evidence showing strong, positive correlation between the iodine value and carotenoids concentrations of fractionated oil. The difference in binding affinity of saturated and unsaturated TAG towards different solvents can be used as a guide for screening and selection of solvent suitable for recovery of phytonutrient during solvent fractionation. Subsequently, a lab‐scale single‐ stage fractionation study disclosed that crystallization temperature of 15°C, oil to acetone ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 4 h under agitation at 100 rpm produced olein with the highest carotenoid concentration (637 ppm) and recovery (94%). Subsequent double‐stage fractionation successfully concentrated the carotenoids up to 125% with a recovery of >93%. Conclusively, solvent fractionation provides an effective way to concentrate valuable carotenoids from CPO while minimizing the lost.
Polymer/LMPA for manufacturing deformable structure by coaxial printing
Authors: Yu Yuan , Li Zhen , Gao Xiaodong , Liu Junfeng , Jiao Zhiwei , Kang Jingxin , Wang Pengfei , Yang Weimin , Liu Mengyue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStructures with variable stiffness during deformation are of great importance in many fields. The solid–liquid transformation method using low melting point alloys (LMPA) is a promising method to control structural deformation. In this study, a coaxial filamentary feature consisting of pure LMPA surrounded by thermoplastic polymer (TP) is three‐dimensionally printed and deformable structure can be constructed. The Polymer/LMPA structure can reveal special and valuable performances: The flexural modulus of the printed TPU/LMPA unit is about 1152 MPa, which is almost 330 times that of TPU and it can achieve large‐scale stiffness changes by regulating temperature. Due to its reversibility and variable stiffness, the structure can achieve drive response perturbations under large bias loads. The maximum output force of the TPU/LMPA composite structure is 8.5 N and the maximum driving displacement is 18.5 mm. The fundamental frequency variation of the structure is achieved during the heating of the structure and the change of temperature can change the damping effect according to adjusting the frequency. This study has an important role in the future design of controllable stiffness structures.
Kiribatiʼs graduation from Least Developed Country status: An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
Authors: Monaco Edoardo , Abe Masato 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Pacific Small Island Developing State (SIDS) of Kiribati has met the formal, minimal criteria for graduation from the Least Developed Country (LDC) category of the United Nations on multiple occasions from 2003 to 2018. Nevertheless, in light of both structural, long‐standing constraints and severe more recent challenges – such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Russia‐Ukraine conflict and the exacerbation of the climate crisis – that past assessments took into only partial consideration, the country still appears, at present, unready to lose the support measures that come with the LDC inclusion and to graduate, once and for all, with sustained “momentum.” The analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats conducted in this paper suggests the need to further delay any decisions on graduation until more holistic, thorough readiness assessments can be conducted on the basis of new, additional indicators closely reflecting the full range of vulnerabilities that Kiribati, and other similar SIDS, currently face.
Synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazole and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives as inhibitors for STAT3 enzymes of breast cancer
Authors: Fawzy Sherif M. , Loksha Yasser M. , El‐Sadek Mohamed , Ibrahim Samy M. , Beshay Botros Y. , Shamaa Marium M. , Kothayer Hend 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDisubstituted five‐membered heterocycles (1,2,4‐triazole and 1,3,4 oxadiazole) were synthesized and investigated as inhibitors for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) enzyme of breast cancer. 3‐(Benzylthio)‐5‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐amine (12d) was found to be the most active among the synthesized compounds with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.5 µM on MCF7 cells and was found to show a great inhibitory effect on the STAT3 enzyme. Compounds 9a,b,d,e,f, 11, and 12a,b,f,e show IC50 values in the range of 3–12 µM for the MCF7 cell line. Molecular modeling was used to investigate the biological results of the synthesized compounds.
Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Reaction of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Quinolones and Isoquinolones
Authors: Pandey Shivam , Parveen Sabiha , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, we developed an efficient approach to access biologically relevant 2‐aminoquinolines and 1‐aminoisoquinolines from readily available N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 2‐quinolones or 1‐isoquinolones. This transformation involves the selective O−H insertion of these derivatives onto the in situ generated Rh‐azavinyl carbenes (Rh‐AVC) followed by rearrangement. The reaction proceeds smoothly under operationally simple conditions and the protocol was found to be scalable.
Combination of microbial and chemical synthesis for the sustainable production of β‐elemene, a promising plant‐extracted anticancer compound
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Mai Jie , Lin Lu , Zhang Zhi‐Gang , Ledesma‐Amaro Rodrigo , Dong Weiliang , Ji Xiao‐Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBeta‐elemene, a class of sesquiterpene derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Curcuma wenyujin, is widely used in clinical medicine due to its broad‐spectrum antitumor activity. However, the unsustainable plant extraction prompted the search for environmentally friendly strategies for β‐elemene production. In this study, we designed a Yarrowia lipolytica cell factory that can continuously produce germacrene A, which is further converted into β‐elemene with 100% yield through a Cope rearrangement reaction by shifting the temperature to 250°C. First, the productivity of four plant‐derived germacrene A synthases was evaluated. After that, the metabolic flux of the precursor to germacrene A was maximized by optimizing the endogenous mevalonate pathway, inhibiting the competing squalene pathway, and expressing germacrene A synthase gene in multiple copies. Finally, the most promising strain achieved the highest β‐elemene titer reported to date with 5.08 g/L. This sustainable and green method has the potential for industrial β‐elemene production.