bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative pain management protocols of veterinarians in the United States for horses undergoing routine orchiectomy (castration)
Authors: Sellon Debra C. , Sanz Macarena G. , Kopper Jamie J. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryBackgroundAnalgesic protocols related to orchiectomy or castration of young horses vary widely depending on geographic location, educational background of the veterinarian, and other demographic factors. Specific practices of equine veterinarians in the United States (US) have not been reported.ObjectivesTo determine perioperative pain management practices of equine veterinarians in the United States as they relate to castration of healthy yearling colts.Study designCross‐sectional survey.MethodsAn internet‐based questionnaire included items related to analgesic drugs used in association with castration of healthy yearling colts. Demographic, educational, and experiential factors associated with routine recommendation of analgesic medications after castration were analysed with calculation of odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsResponses from 146 equine veterinarians in the United States revealed that 112/146 (76.7%) administered a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) at the time of castration, and 107/143 respondents (73.3%) recommended administration of NSAIDs for a median of 3 days (IQR = 3–5) after surgery. Veterinarians who recommended NSAID analgesia after castration provided a higher pain severity score for horses at 24 h after a routine castration. Routine recommendation of post‐castration NSAID analgesia was associated with veterinarians who were employed in a multi‐veterinarian practice (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2–6.1) and completed their veterinary education in the year 2000 or more recently (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.1–5.9).Main limitationsPossible distribution, self‐selection, and response biases as a result of convenience sampling methodology and possible recall bias of respondents.ConclusionsPerioperative pain management practices vary widely among US veterinarians but the majority of veterinarians, especially more recent graduates and those in multi‐veterinarian practices, recommend administration of an NSAID at the time of castration and for a median of 3 days after surgery.
Development of a body condition index to estimate adiposity in ponies and horses from morphometric measurements
Authors: Potter Samantha J. , Erdody Madison L. , Bamford Nicholas J. , Knowles Edward J. , Menzies‐Gow Nicola , Morrison Philippa K. , Argo Caroline McG. , McIntosh Bridgett J. , Kaufman Katelyn , Harris Patricia A. , Bailey Simon R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high prevalence of obesity in ponies and pleasure horses. This may be associated with equine metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of laminitis. Body condition scoring (BCS) systems are widely used but are subjective and not very sensitive.ObjectivesTo derive a body condition index (BCI), based on objective morphometric measurements, that correlates with % body fat.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsMorphometric measurements were obtained from 21 ponies and horses in obese and moderate body condition. Percentage body fat was determined using the deuterium dilution method and the BCI was derived to give the optimal correlation with body fat, applying appropriate weightings. The index was then validated by assessing inter‐observer variation and correlation with % body fat in a separate population of Welsh ponies; and finally, the correlation between BCI and BCS was evaluated in larger populations from studies undertaken in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.ResultsThe BCI correlated well with adiposity in the ponies and horses, giving a Pearson r value of 0.74 (P < 0.001); however, it was found to slightly overestimate the % body fat in leaner animals and underestimate in more obese animals. In field studies, the correlation between BCI and BCS varied particularly in Shetlands and miniature ponies, presumably due to differences in body shape.Main limitationsFurther work may be required to adapt the BCI to a method that is more applicable for Shetlands and miniature ponies.ConclusionsThis BCI was able to provide an index of adiposity which compared favourably with condition scoring in terms of accuracy of estimating adiposity; and was more consistent and repeatable when used by inexperienced assessors. Therefore, this may be a useful tool for assessing adiposity; and may be more sensitive than condition scoring for tracking weight gain or weight loss in individual animals.
Use of multiple admission variables better predicts intestinal strangulation in horses with colic than peritoneal or the ratio of peritoneal:blood l‐lactate concentration
Authors: Long Alicia E. , Southwood Louise L. , Morris Tate B. , Brandly Jerrianne E. , Stefanovski Darko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification of strangulating obstruction (SO) in horses with colic improves outcomes, yet early diagnosis of horses requiring surgery for SO often remains challenging.ObjectivesTo compare blood and peritoneal fluid l‐lactate concentrations, peritoneal:blood l‐lactate ratio, peritoneal minus blood (peritoneal‐blood) l‐lactate concentration and other clinical variables for predicting SO and SO in horses with small intestinal lesions (SO‐SI) and then to develop a multivariable model to predict SO and SO‐SI.Study designRetrospective cohort.MethodsA total of 197 equids admitted to a referral institution for colic between 2016 and 2019 that had peritoneal fluid analysis performed at admission were included. Twenty‐three admission variables were evaluated individually for the prediction of a SO or SO‐SI and then using multivariable logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic (AUC ROC) were calculated.ResultsAll variables performed better in the model than individually. The final multivariable model for predicting SO included marked abdominal pain (OR 5.31, CI 1.40–20.18), rectal temperature (OR 0.30, CI 0.14–0.64), serosanguineous peritoneal fluid (OR 35.34, CI 10.10–122.94), peritoneal‐blood l‐lactate (OR 1.77, CI 1.25–2.51), and peritoneal:blood l‐lactate ratio (OR 0.36, CI 0.18–0.72). The AUC ROC was 0.91. The final multivariable model for predicting SO‐SI included reflux volume (OR 0.69, CI 0.56–0.86), blood l‐lactate concentration (OR 0.43, CI 0.22–0.87), serosanguineous peritoneal fluid (OR 4.99, CI 1.26–19.74), and peritoneal l‐lactate concentration (OR 3.77, CI 1.82–7.81).Main limitationsRetrospective, single‐hospital study design.ConclusionsBlood and peritoneal fluid l‐lactate concentrations should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical variables. The relationship between peritoneal and blood l‐lactate concentration for predicting SO or SO‐SI was complex when included in a multivariable model. Models to predict SO probably vary based on lesion location.
A 1.5‐Order Therapy: Between knowing and not‐knowing
Authors: Smith Ged 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article is based on personal family therapist evolution of 30 years and how I have moved between first‐ and second‐order positions in how I work, challenge and make progress in the therapy room. With increasing confidence and experience, I have found myself in a position of “knowing” in therapy and of sharing the knowledge and beliefs I have with families, in a variety of ways. The first‐ and second‐order paradigms have many definitions (Anderson & Goolishian, Family Process, 27, 1988 and 371; Hoffman, Family System Medicine, 3, 1985 and 381) and mine concern the space between knowing and not‐knowing, between collaborative and directive therapy, and how to use these ideas in therapy. I explore aspects of this including ways of challenging, embedded questions, the move from questions to statements, and differences in responses. The essence throughout is that good therapy relies on good relationships, that skillful challenge is welcomed by families, detail is the enemy of therapeutic endeavor, and that embracing our expertise again can be a valuable asset in therapy. I contend that many experienced therapists follow similar practices but this is seldom talked about in the field.
Glacier dynamics assessment in Eastern Dhauliganga basin (1994–2018), Kumaun Himalaya, India
Authors: Singh Dhanendra K. , Thakur Praveen K. , Dhote Pankaj R. , Moothedan Antony Joh , Naithani Bhanu Prasad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe glacier database provides an opportunity to track its dynamics and address issues linked with water resources, hazards and sustainability. To better understand the dynamics of Eastern Dhauliganga basin, we mapped the clean and debris‐covered glaciers by using satellite images from Landsat‐series and Sentinel 2. The band‐ratio based methods—NDSI (Normalised Difference Snow Index) and NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) were used to map the clean ice glaciers. The debris‐covered glaciers were delineated using topographic parameters and thermal band of Landsat TM. The glacier extent and length change were monitored for 25 glaciers in the basin, of which 13 are clean ice and 12 are debris‐covered glaciers. During the time period from 1994 to 2018, higher area loss was observed for clean ice glaciers (±20.6%) compared with debris‐covered glaciers (±10.9%). The clean‐ice glaciers retreated at a rate of 4.8–33.7 m/year, whereas debris‐covered glaciers retreated at a rate of 2.9–28.8 m/year during 1994–2018.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptors improve migraine‐like pain behaviors in rats through the regulation of regulatory T cell/T‐helper 17 cell‐related homeostasis
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhou Yanjie , Zhang Lily , Wang Yue , Zhang Yu , Xiao Zheman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/regulatory T cell (Treg)/T‐helper 17 (Th17) cell pathway on the pathogenesis of migraine.BackgroundMigraine is a disabling neurovascular disease that imposes an enormous burden on both individuals and society. The pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine remain controversial. Recent studies have suggested that immune dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. The AHR, a receptor expressed on most immune cells, has been implicated in the occurrence of many autoimmune diseases; however, whether it is involved in the pathogenesis of migraine is unclear.MethodsA chronic migraine rat model was established through repeated intraperitoneal injection of nitroglycerin (NTG). The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were assessed using von Frey filaments and radiant heat. Next, the protein expression levels of AHR in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) region of chronic migraine (CM)‐like rats were quantified and the changes in Treg/Th17‐related transcription factors and inflammatory factors in the TNC were explored. To determine the role of AHR in CM, we examined the effects of the AHR agonist 2‐(1′‐indole‐3′‐carbonyl)‐thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE), and AHR antagonist CH‐223191 on pain behavior, c‐Fos, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), AHR, and Treg/Th17‐related factor expression in CM‐like rats.ResultsRepeated administration of NTG significantly enhanced nociceptive hypersensitivity and increased expression of c‐Fos and CGRP in rats, while AHR was significantly decreased in the TNC. In addition, the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 decreased significantly. In contrast, the expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor γ t and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were significantly increased. Moreover, the mRNA level of transforming growth factor beta‐1 was decreased, while that of interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐22 was increased in the TNC. The AHR agonist ITE alleviated migraine‐like pain behaviors in rats, activated the AHR signaling pathway, and improved the imbalance of Treg/Th17‐related transcription factors and inflammatory factors. Conversely, the AHR antagonist CH‐223191 did not alleviate migraine‐like pain behaviors in rats; and even exacerbated them.ConclusionsThe AHR participates in the development of CM by regulating Treg/Th17‐related homeostasis. Therefore, treatments targeting the AHR/Treg/Th17 signaling pathway could be new effective interventions for CM treatment.
Clinical efficacy of a gentle anti‐dandruff itch‐relieving shampoo formulation
Authors: Lim Delwyn Zhi Jie , Lim Fei Chu , Tey Hong Liang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDandruff is a common scalp condition affecting almost half of the world's population. Despite its high prevalence, the exact pathophysiology is not well established and is understood to be multifactorial, with factors such as fungal colonization, sebaceous gland activity and individual factors being implicated. There is a need for an effective and safe shampoo that can target the above factors. Hence, we have developed a shampoo formulation with properties of oil control, moisturizing, non‐irritative, anti‐fungal, anti‐microbial and itch‐relieving. In this interventional, open‐label study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of this shampoo in reducing the clinical signs of dandruff and pruritus in patients with pre‐existing mild‐to‐moderate dandruff over a course of 21‐day treatment duration through self‐assessment and objective clinical evaluations. After continued use of the shampoo, there was a significant decrease in the adherent and loose scalp flaking scores. Mean pruritus scores also decreased significantly across the 21‐day time points. There were also no adverse events or skin intolerances reported. This study showed that our shampoo formulation has led to a significant reduction in both adherent and loose scalp flaking and pruritus when used in individuals suffering from mild to moderate dandruff. As such, it is an ideal shampoo, which can be used to effectively control dandruff.
How did theCOVID‐19 pandemic affect men's and women's returns to unionization?
Authors: Han Eunice S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing data from the Current Population Survey for the period 2015 to 2021, I study union‐nonunion differences in employment, wages and other terms and conditions before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Analyses are run separately for men and women. I find that, compared to non‐union workers, union workers were better able to retain employment, less likely to do telework, and more likely to receive pay for the hours they did not work during the pandemic. These patterns were more evident for female workers.
Early childhood general anesthesia and risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Chen Wan‐Ming , Fu Saihao , Wu Szu‐Yuan , Zhang Jiaqiang 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe relationship between early childhood exposure to general anesthesia (GA) and the risk of developing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is still uncertain and previous studies have presented conflicting results. This population‐based cohort study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between GA exposure and ADHD risk using propensity score matching (PSM) in a large sample size.MethodsThe study included 15,072 children aged 0–3 years who received GA and were hospitalized for more than 1 day in Taiwan from 2004 to 2014. The nonexposed group was randomly selected through 1:1 PSM from the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database (TMCHD). The primary objectives of this study were to determine the incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) of ADHD in the two cohorts, employing Poisson regression models.ResultsThe GA group and non‐GA group each comprised 7,536 patients. The IR of ADHD was higher in the GA group (122.45 per 10,000 person‐years) than in the non‐GA group (64.15 per 10,000 person‐years), and the IRR of ADHD in the GA group was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.55). The study found that the number of times of exposure to GA, duration of exposure, male gender, and central nervous system surgery were significant risk factors for ADHD in the future.ConclusionsThis study's findings suggest that there is a significant correlation between early childhood exposure to GA and the risk of developing ADHD, and GA may be an important risk factor for ADHD in children undergoing surgery. The study also identified several risk factors for ADHD, including the number of times of exposure to GA, duration of exposure, male gender, and central nervous system surgery.
Sterilization of black carrot juice by thermosonication: Compound changes revealed by NMR and GC–MS metabolomics methods
Authors: Wang Jialu , Lu Yushuang , Ni Yishu , Zhu Lin , Fang Sheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, thermosonic sterilization (TS), ultrasonic sterilization (US), and heat sterilization at 60°C, 80°C, and 90°C were used for the bactericidal treatment of black carrot juice. The processed samples were analyzed in terms of physicochemical, biological activity, microbial, and metabolomics approaches. The main differential metabolites were identified after treatment. Among these, the content of the important chemical component anthocyanins increased by 10.64% and 6.82% in TS and US, respectively. The TS treatment showed better retention of most of the active substances such as carbohydrates, malic acid, alanine, sterols, lutein, and terpenes compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, the TS treatment reduced the ultrasonic power and time for inactivating microorganisms and increased the DPPH radical scavenging activity by 11.31% compared to the control. The experimental results showed that the black carrot juice after TS treatment with 60% ultrasonic power at 60°C for 5 min sterilization was more favorable for the retention of nutrients and volatiles, improving the quality, safety, and economic potential of black carrot juice.Practical applicationsThis work for the first‐time applied TS to black carrot juice. The effect of TS treatment on the quality of black carrot juice was studied and compared with ultrasonic and conventional heat treatment by metabolomics approach. TS could significantly reduce US treatment time from 25 min (20°C) to 5 min (60°C) for the sterilization of juice. TS has a better effect on the retention of nutrients and flavor substances in the juice. The study is beneficial to the application of TS in purple carrot juice sterilization, also the application of 1H‐NMR and GC–MS metabolomics approach in food processing.
In sickness and in health: Loneliness, depression, and the role of marital quality among spouses of persons with dementia
Authors: Hsu Kristie Y. , Cenzer Irena , Harrison Krista L. , Ritchie Christine S. , Waite Linda , Kotwal Ashwin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults married to persons living with dementia (PLwD) may be at risk for loneliness and depression. We assessed the prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms among spouses of PLwD or cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND), and the role of marital quality in mediating these outcomes.MethodsWe used a US population‐based sample of 4071 couples enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study (2014 and 2016). We included older adults married to PLwD (N = 227), married to persons with CIND (N = 885), or married to persons with no cognitive impairment (NCI) (N = 2959). We determined the prevalence of loneliness (UCLA 3‐item scale), depressive symptoms (CESD‐8 scale), and both, using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for sociodemographic and health‐related characteristics. We then tested for interaction terms between marital quality (4‐item scale) and degree of spousal cognitive impairment for each outcome of loneliness and depressive symptoms.ResultsThe sample was 55% women and on average 67‐years‐old (range: 50–97). After adjustment, spouses of persons with cognitive impairment were more likely to be lonely (NCI: 20%, CIND: 23%, PLwD: 29%; p = 0.04), depressed (NCI: 8%, CIND: 15%, PLwD: 14%; p < 0.01), and both (NCI: 4%, CIND: 9%, PLwD: 7%; p < 0.01). The association between cognition and loneliness, but not depression, differed by marital quality (interaction p‐value = 0.03). Among couples with high marital quality, spousal cognitive impairment was associated with higher likelihood of loneliness (p < 0.05). In contrast, no association existed between spousal cognition and loneliness among couples with lower marital quality (p = 0.37).ConclusionsOne in six spouses of persons with CIND or more advanced disease (PLwD) experienced depressive symptoms, and loneliness among spouses of PLwD was experienced at a twofold rate. By identifying and managing both, and facilitating interventions that promote high‐quality social connection, clinical teams might improve the lives of older couples facing dementia.
Positive and ecobiological contribution in skin photoprotection of ectoine and mannitol combined in vivo with UV filters
Authors: Fontbonne Arnaud , Teme Baba , Abric Elise , Lecerf Guillaume , Callejon Sylvie , Moga Alain , Cadars Benoît , Giraud Félix , Chavagnac‐Bonneville Marlène , Ardiet Nathalie , Guyoux Aurélie , Trompezinski Sandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes immunosuppression, photoaging, and carcinogenesis by induction of a cascade of skin damages. Sunscreens currently on the market are not absorbing UV rays uniformly throughout the full UV range, high sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreens absorb most of UVB rays but are less effective in absorbing the UVA part of the spectrum. In the context, one approach could consist of preserving the skin natural resources and mechanisms, which is the foundation of the ecobiological approach, by combing UV filters and antioxidants to enhance their photoprotective effect.MethodsFirst, the photoprotection properties of ectoine and mannitol association were characterized by the quantification of glutathione, reactive oxygen species, and double‐stranded DNA breaks and by the epidermal Langerhans cells functionality. Second, the protection of squalene oxidation, catalase activity, and trans‐urocanic acid (UCA) by the ectoine and mannitol association combined or not with SPF30 UV filters was assessed in vivo via non‐invasive skin samplings in 10 subjects on irradiated areas.ResultsUsing in vitro irradiated skin cell models, we demonstrated that this association significantly preserved intracellular glutathione levels, reduced DNA strand breaks induced by oxidative stress, and maintained Langerhans cell functionality. In vivo this association combined with UV filters presented significantly higher protection of three natural defense systems altered by UV compared to UV filters alone: squalene oxidation, catalase activity, and preservation of trans‐UCA.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the ecobiological potential of combining UV filters with biological protection to increase skin photoprotection provided by specific active ingredients with antioxidative and immunosuppressive properties.