bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Decision Support System Developed with Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Dental Caries with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Amasya Hakan , Alkhader Mustafa , Serindere Gözde , Futyma-Gąbka Karolina , Belgin Ceren Aktuna , Gusarev Maxim , Ezhov Matvey , Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid , Önder Merve , Orhan Kaan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of using an artificial intelligence (AI) system (Diagnocat, Inc., San Francisco, USA) for caries detection, by comparing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation results with and without the software. 500 CBCT volumes are scored by three dentomaxillofacial radiologists for the presence of caries separately on a five-point confidence scale without and with the aid of the AI system. After visual evaluation, the deep convolutional neural network model generated a radiological report and observers scored again using AI interface. The ground truth was determined by a hybrid approach. Intra- and inter-observer agreements are evaluated with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and kappa statistics. 6008 surfaces are determined as ‘presence of caries’ and 13928 surfaces are determined as ‘absence of caries’ for ground truth. The area under the ROC curve of Observer 1, 2, and 3 are found to be 0.855/0.920, 0.863/0.917, and 0.747/0.903, respectively (unaided/aided). Fleiss Kappa coefficients are changed from 0.325 to 0.468 and the best accuracy (0.939) is achieved in the aided results. The radiographic evaluations performed with aid of the AI system are found to be more compatible and accurate than unaided evaluations in the detecting of dental caries with CBCT images.
Hemiarthroplasty with a fracture stem is non-inferior to reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures in Japanese patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Kato Soki , Funasaki Hiroki , Tanaka Kota , Yoshida Mamoru , Tonotsuka Hisahiro , Saito Mitsuru 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Hemiarthroplasty (HA) is performed for treating proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) in which avascular necrosis of the humeral head is a concern. However, as the outcomes of HA depend on tuberosity healing, most studies did not report excellent results, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) showed better and more predictable functional outcomes than HA. Since the Aequalis fracture stem yields better tuberosity healing and postoperative outcomes than conventional stems, we aimed to examine the postoperative outcomes of HA with Aequalis fracture stems in comparison with those of RSA.
Methods
Between 2017 and 2022, 26 patients with PHFs were treated with HA or RSA. Among these 26 patients, 15 (5 men, 10 women; mean age, 78 ± 6 years) who were followed up for at least 1 year were included in the study. Two patients were excluded because they were aged < 65 years.
Results
Active elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation in the RSA and HA groups were, respectively, 103°±15°, 14°±18°, and 3 ± 1 and 104°±37°, 30°±14°, and 5 ± 1. The pain scores in the RSA and HA groups were 26 ± 4 and 29 ± 4, respectively, while the final Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were 77 ± 8 and 84 ± 11, respectively. The clinical outcomes, except for internal rotation, did not differ significantly between the two groups. Two patients in the HA group showed intraoperative local complications (axillary nerve palsy and axillary artery injury), while one patient in the RSA group showed a local postoperative complication (late infection). The complications observed on radiographs differed between the two groups: the RSA group showed an acromial fracture, a periprosthetic fracture, and two cases of aseptic stem loosening in the nonunion of tuberosities, while the HA group showed two cases of bone resorption of the tuberosities.
Conclusion
Postoperative outcomes of HA with Aequalis fracture stems were comparable to those of RSA, and postoperative complications with HA were fewer than those with RSA. HA using this stem was relatively safe and can be expected to have good postoperative results. Therefore, it may be a treatment option for PHFs in the elderly.
Effect of grass species root for enhanced slope protection in amended coalmine overburden dump soil
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Das SARAT KUMAR , Nainegali Lohitkumar , Reddy Krishna R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims
Surface protection of coalmine overburden (OB) dumps against shallow slope failures can be achieved through a cost-effective and sustainable solution, i.e., vegetative cover. Hence, small scale study is needed to study the survival, growth performance, and root distribution of plants prior to conducting pilot scale study.
Methods
In the present study, three plant species Dendrocalamus strictus (Bamboo grass), Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass), and Chrysopogon zizanioides (Vetiver grass), an endemic grass species are studied for the slope stabilization potential of OB dumps in Jharkhand, India. Growth characteristics and root architecture of grasses grown for five months under six varying proportions (treatments) of overburden, cow dung, and garden soil were studied.
Results
It was found that Vetiver grass had the highest root area ratio, followed by Bamboo grass and Lemon grass. The maximum root cohesion was found to be 1 kPa for Bamboo grass, 7.33 kPa for Lemon grass, and 9.24 kPa for Vetiver grass among different treatments.
Conclusions
Treatment condition with 80% overburden and 20% cow dung was suggested to be the best soil mix for optimum growth of the chosen grasses which have the potential to mitigating surficial movement of soil mass on the overburden dumps through root reinforcement.
Castleman disease-associated neuropathy presenting with bilateral facial weakness: a case report
Authors: Llansó Laura , Cabrera-Maqueda Jose María , Fonseca Elianet , Balagué Olga , Mozas Pablo , Alejaldre Aída , Martínez-Hernández Eugenia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. Two main variants have been described: unicentric or multicentric (UCD/MCD). MCD can be idiopathic or related to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection in the setting of immune deficiency. MCD is more severe than UCD and is usually accompanied by other systemic symptoms. Peripheral neuropathy can be associated with MCD in isolation or as part of a wider spectrum of symptoms, the POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes). Compared with POEMS-neuropathy, CD-neuropathy is often milder, sensory, and not painful. There are few reports of CD-neuropathy with cranial nerve involvement, only affecting the optic and trigeminal nerves.
Case presentation
We present a 50-year-old patient who developed bilateral facial weakness, numbness of hands and feet, sensory ataxia, and progressive walking difficulties over 3 weeks. Electrodiagnostic studies showed sensory-motor axonal symmetric neuropathy with signs of demyelination in cranial segments. He had history of human immunodeficiency virus infection, well controlled under antiretroviral treatment. Upon admission, he developed fever and pancytopenia, and diffuse lymphadenopathies were detected. A lymph node biopsy was performed showing HHV8-positive CD and associated Kaposi sarcoma. He was treated with chemoimmunotherapy regimen, and the neuropathy progressively resolved, both clinically and electrophysiologically, within 6 months.
Conclusions
CD-associated neuropathy may present as bifacial weakness and limb paraesthesia, mimicking the variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The neurological symptoms may have a subacute progression leading to important disability. The outcome is good with chemoimmunotherapy, with parallel recovery of the neuropathy and the CD.
Predictive factors of distal radioulnar joint instability after surgical treatment of distal radius fractures
Authors: Li Chenfei , Kong Lingde , Shi Xuyang , Zhang Zuzhuo , Lu Jian , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability is a common postoperative complication of distal radius fractures (DRFs), seriously impacting patients' quality of life. This study investigated its possible influencing factors to determine prognosis and to guide treatment better.
Methods: We retrospectively included a series of patients with DRFs that underwent volar locking plate (VLP) fixation. Basic patient information and imaging parameters were collected. The incidence of DRUJ instability during follow-up was recorded, and factors associated with DRUJ instability were determined using univariate analysis and multifactorial logistic regression analysis.
Results: A total of 116 patients were enrolled in this study. At 6 months of follow-up, 37 patients (31.9%) had DRUJ instability, and multivariate analysis showed coronal plane displacement (OR,2.419; 95% CI,1.083-5.402), fracture classification (OR,0.393; 95% CI,0.172-0.900) and DRUJ interval (OR,3.008; 95% CI,1.341-6.748) were associated with DRUJ instability after VLP.
Conclusions: DRUJ interval, coronal plane displacement, and fracture classification are associated with DRUJ instability during follow-up. Therefore, preoperative risk communication and intraoperative attention to recovering relevant imaging parameters are necessary for these patients.
Unsupervised Clustering Approach to Multiple Time-to-Event Electronic Health Records applied to Multimorbidity associated with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Delord Marc , Douiri Abdel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Multimorbidity is characterized by the accrual of two or more long-term conditions (LTCs) in an individual. This state of health is increasingly prevalent and poses public health challenges. Adapting approaches to effectively analyse electronic health records is needed to better understand multimorbidity. We propose a novel unsupervised clustering approach to multiple time-to-event health records denoted as multiple state analysis (MSA).
In MSA, patients’ pairwise dissimilarities are computed using patients’ state matrices which are composed of multiple censored time-to-event indicators reflecting patients’ health history. The use of state matrices enables the analysis of an arbitrary number of LTCs without reducing patients' health trajectories to a particular sequence of events.
MSA was applied to analyse multimorbidity associated with myocardial infarction using electronic health records of 26 LTCs, including conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) such as diabetes and hypertension, collected from south London general practices between 2005 and 2021 in 5087 patients.
We identified a typology of 11 clusters, characterised by age at onset of myocardial infarction, sequences of conventional CVRFs and non-conventional risk factors including physical and mental health conditions. Interestingly, multivariate analysis revealed that clusters were also associated with various combinations of socio-demographic characteristics including gender and ethnicity.
By identifying meaningful sequences of LTCs associated with myocardial infarction and distinct socio-demographic characteristics, MSA proves to be an effective approach to the analysis of electronic health records, with the potential to enhance our understanding of multimorbidity for improved prevention and management.
Towards self-driving labs for experimental mechanics: a data-centric approach for fatigue crack analysis in aerospace materials
Authors: Strohmann Tobias , Melching David , Paysan Florian , Dietrich Eric , Requena Guillermo , Breitbarth Eric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Today’s societal challenges require rapid response and smart materials solutions in almost all technical areas. Driven by these needs, data-driven research has emerged as an enabler for faster innovation cycles. In fields such as chemistry, materials science and life sciences, autonomous data generation and processing is already accelerating knowledge discovery. In contrast, in experimental mechanics, complex investigations like studying fatigue crack growth in structural materials have traditionally adhered to standardized procedures with limited adoption of the digital transformation. In this work, we present a novel infrastructure for data-centric experimental mechanics. The setup is demonstrated using a complex fatigue crack growth experiment for aerospace materials. Our methodology incorporates an open-source Python library that complements a multi-scale digital image correlation and robot-assisted test rig. Our novel approach significantly increases the information-to-cost ratio of fatigue crack growth experiments in aerospace materials compared to traditional experiments. Thus, serves as a catalyst for discovering new scientific knowledge and contributes to the data-driven acceleration of the deployment of new applications in the field of structural materials and structures.
Enhancements of Residual Soil Properties Using Vermicompost and Inoculant Strains in Low-Fertility Sandy Soil
Authors: Abate Gezahagn Goshu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In Ethiopia soil fertility and productivity has been decline due to excessive use of chemical fertilizer, top soil erosion and organic matter depletion. This laboratory and greenhouse study was conducted to isolate effective rhizobium strain and vermicompost rate to improve the crop yield and soil properties. It was carried out using Dosha variety in 2020 to 2021. The factorial combination of three rhizobium strains (non-inoculated, RS-17 and RS-1035) and four rates of vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 ton ha− 1) treatments were arranged in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The result showed that rhizobium strains and vermicompost rate had brought significant (p < 0.05) influence on the biological and chemical properties of soils. Sole application of maximum rate of vermicompost (15 ton ha− 1) and rhizobium strain with RS-17 and RS-1035 significantly improve total number of microbial community. The crop inoculated by RS-17 responded the maximum number of rhizobium bacteria. Sole and combined application of 15 ton ha− 1vermicompost with RS-1035 or RS-17 strains produced large sized, deep red and fast growing rhizobium bacteria. On the other hand, the treatment that received combined RS-17and 15 ton ha− 1vermicompost was significantly improved soil’s pH by 6.2%, organic carbon (37.5%), available P (13.2%) and total N (1.5%) as compared with the control treatment. Moreover, it had the maximum microbial population (1.33×108cfu/g) and out of this 7.6×105cfu/g rhizobia population. However, to forward a compressive recommendation the experiment should be supported by field studies on different area soils.
Soil with deficient inorganic elements promotes the accumulation of hesperidin , nobiletin and tangeretin in pericarps of Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’
Authors: Ma Ruifei , Xu Zhongming , Ming Lili , Liu Xiaoshuang , Tang Zhanming , Miao Yanyan , Zheng Yinghua , Chen Chao , zhang wensheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aims Environmental conditions, such as soil stress, are crucial for the accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. This study aims to determine which soil type and environmental factors can promote the accumulation of hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin in the pericarps of Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ (Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis).Methods This study selected Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ planted in paddy soil, red soil, alluvial soil and conducted correlation between meteorological, soil factors and the three components. Then, linear regression models (LRMs) and random forest models (RFMs) were used to screen the soil factors affecting accumulation of the three components. Structural equation models (SEMs) were established to further explore how key soil factors affect the accumulation of the three components.Results Our results indicated that there was no significant difference in meteorological factors among the three regions (p > 0.05), and no correlation was found between the meteorological factors and the three components. Soil factors in three soil types, such as K, Ca, Mg, Mn, salinity and pH, have significant impacts on the content variation of hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin. The deficiency of K and Ca, play a crucial role in the accumulation of the three components.Conclusions Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ cultivated in soil with deficient K and Ca is more inclined to accumulate hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin in pericarps, which provides guidance for reasonable cultivation and paddy, red and alluvial soil improvement to promote the contents of medicinal components and the quality of medicinal plants.
Diversity, Abundance and Habitat Association of Medium and Large Sized Mammals in Debre-Libanos Monastery Forest, Central Part of Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Tamenut , Abebe Belayneh , Abate Degu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to assess diversity, abundance and habitat association of medium and large sized mammals in Debre-libanos Monastery Forest. Stratified random sampling design was applied to stratify the study area in to four (Natural Forest, Plantation, Cliff/Rocky and Settlement) strata based on vegetation and habitat type. Both direct and indirect observation techniques were used along the transect line to identify mammal species. A total of 11 medium and large sized mammal species belong to 6 orders and 8 families were identified during the study period. Order carnivore was dominant followed by primate, which accounted for 36.4% and 27.3%, respectively. The highest diversity (H' = 1.44) of medium and large sized mammals was observed in the natural forest during the dry season and lowest diversity (H' = 0.77) of mammals recorded in the settlement habitat during the dry season. High species similarity observed between natural forest and plantation (SI=0.89) whereas low similarity observed between cliff/rocky and settlement (SI=0.20). Debrelibanos Monastery Forest has a great role for conservation of forest and biodiversity. In addition, the area has different landscapes, plant species, rivers and chins of mountains; those attract tourism activities. If the tourism development increase at the area, the income of regional and national government will increase. Therefore, the monastery needs attention by regional and national government to save mammals and the monasteries, especially for the protection of an endemic species of Gelada baboon. In other way there was a conflict between local communities and abbey administrators with in grazing livestock’s, so, clear demarcation will require to resolve this problem and further monitoring of the mammals and exploring further possibilities of rehabilitation of its habitat should be of conservation priority.
Nanosilica improves morphogenic and chemical parameters of Megathyrsus maximus grass under phosphorus deficiency and excess stress in different soils
Authors: Melo Cíntia Cármen Faria , Amaral Danilo Silva , Zanine Anderson Moura , Ferreira Daniele Jesus , Prado Renato Mello , Piccolo Marisa Cássia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In cultivated soils with pastures in different regions of the world, phosphorus (P) imbalances are recurrent. In addition to P deficiency, the occurrence of areas with excess P in the soil has increased, with damage to pasture production. This reality requires the search for thoughtful strategies such as the use of silicon (Si), which is an element known to attenuate stress in plants. However, the action of Si on morphogenetic and chemical characteristics of grasses forages cultivated in different soils is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of P deficiency and excess on morphogenetic and chemical parameters, and on the digestibility of Zuri guinea grass cultivated in Oxisol and Entisol, and to analyze whether fertirrigation with nanosilica can mitigate the damage caused by these nutritional stresses. P deficiency decreased tiller number and grass protein content, and increased lignin content, while P excess increased the percentage of dead material and lignin, and decreased the leaf:stem ratio of plants, and both stresses decreased dry matter (DM) production. Fertirrigation with Si promoted better tillering and protein in deficient plants. In the excess of P, Si reduced tiller mortality and the lignin content of the plants, increasing the leaf:stem ratio and DM production, also increasing the production of plants with P sufficiency, without affecting the digestibility of the grass. Thus, the perspective is that the use of Si can improve the growth and chemical characteristics of forage grasses under P stress, and optimize production in nourished adapted plants, confident for more sustainable pasture production.
Two-particle diffusion in homogeneous turbulence with stable stratification by linear RTD spectral space analysis and application of a simplified model
Authors: Nefzi Racha , Lili Taieb , Beya Brahim Ben 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article paper investigates the numerical study of relative two-particle diffusion in homogeneous stably stratified turbulence. The focus is on obtaining components of tensors \(\varDelta ({\text{t}}^{{\prime }},\text{t})\) and \({\varDelta }^{\text{r}}\left(\text{t}\right)\)which are associated with one-particle and two-particle diffusion, respectively. This is achieved by utilizing Lagrangian two-time velocity correlations for both individual particles and two particles initially separated by \(\overrightarrow{{\delta }{\text{x}}_{0}}\). To facilitate the analysis, a simple two-particle diffusion model is developed based on assumptions similar to previous works by Kaneda and Ishida, as well as Ishihara and Kaneda, to elaborate one-particle and two-particle diffusion models. Using this model, Lagrangian two-time velocity correlations are calculated from numerically obtained two-time correlations spectra using a linear analysis RDT in the spectral space. The components of the two-particle diffusion tensor are then deduced directly. The application of this two-particle diffusion model considers an initial turbulence with a Reynolds number \({\text{R}}_{{\lambda }}=\text{2022,80}\) associated with the Taylor micro-scale of 2022.80. Two values of the Froude number (Fr) are selected: Fr = 0.0026 and Fr = 0.0045, in accordance with previously adopted criteria. Additionally, different values of the vertical displacement \({\delta }{\text{x}}_{0}/{\eta }\)are chosen, where (η) represents the Kolmogorov length-scale. Ultimately, two numerical simulation series are conducted: \({\text{R}}_{{\lambda }}\)=2022.80, Fr = 0.0045, (\({\delta }{\text{x}}_{0}/{\eta }\)=15, 17, 20, 24, and \({\text{R}}_{{\lambda }}\)=2022.80, Fr = 0.0026, \({\delta }{\text{x}}_{0}/{\eta }\)=15, 20, 25. The primary objective of this study is to delve into the fundamental problem of highlighting the \({\text{t}}^{3}\)Richardson law and the 4/3 diffusivity Richardson law in the horizontal plane during the intermediate range of times, focusing on two-particle diffusion.
Successful Transplantation of Non-Flushed Liver Organ in Rats
Authors: Yang Li-Fei , Ren Lu , Yu Jia-Wei , Wan Yong , Lv Yi , Lu Qiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of liver transplantation using non-flushed organs in a rat model. Healthy adult rats were divided into two groups: liver transplantation using non-flushed donor liver (group NF; n = 12); liver transplantation using donor liver flushed with UW solution (group controls; n = 12). Liver function and histological changes were assessed at 72 hours post-transplantation. Long-term survival after transplantation was also compared between two groups by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. No significant differences in liver biochemistry were detected between two groups at 72 hours after transplantation. A comparable liver histology was noted between the NF and the controls. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rate. Transplantation of non-flushed livers is no inferior to current donor organ preservation technology in rats.