bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyper-fidelity depletion with discrete motion for pebble bed reactors
Authors: Robert Yves , Fratoni Massimiliano , Siaraferas Tatiana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hyper-fidelity (HxF) depletion of pebble bed reactors (PBRs) is the capability to model depletion for every pebble while accounting for motion through the core. Previous HxF work demonstrated feasibility to deplete hundreds of thousands of stationary pebbles concurrently within reasonable timeframes. This work illustrates the second step towards HxF, coupling depletion with a discrete motion scheme. The model assumes an ordered bed with pebbles occupying fixed positions. Motion is simplified as discrete since pebbles move in straight lines from one set position to another. The methodology was implemented in Serpent 2, combined with its transport and depletion capabilities. Ad-hoc routines were developed ensuring compatibility with domain decomposition and pebble recirculation after each pass based on discharge criteria and fresh pebble insertion. Capabilities of HxF with discrete motion are demonstrated using a full-scale high-temperature gas-cooled reactor model. Specifically, an approach to equilibrium is performed, and example results are shown for in-core and discarded pebbles. The data illustrates how HxF provides unique insights into PBR fuel, producing information on statistical distributions rather than average values only, as obtained by traditional methods that rely on spectral zoning for depletion. Knowledge of these distributions can greatly improve analysis and assessment of PBRs.
Intrathecal Th17-driven inflammation is associated with prolonged post- treatment convalescence for patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis
Authors: Gyllemark Paula , Sjöwall Johanna , Forsberg Pia , Ernerudh Jan , Henningsson Anna J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Residual symptoms after antibiotic treatment can have deleterious effects on patients and knowledge regarding the pathogenesis linked to prolonged recovery is lacking. In this prospective follow-up study, we investigated the B cell-associated and T helper (Th) cell-associated immune responses in well-characterized patients with LNB and controls. The aims were to assess the kinetics of selected cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory response and to identify potential prognostic markers.
Methods: We investigated 13 patients with LNB according to a standardized clinical protocol before antibiotic treatment and after 1, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. CSF and blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 1 month. As controls, we used CSF samples from 37 patients who received spinal anesthesia during orthopedic surgery. The CSF samples were analyzed for CXCL10 (Th1-related), CCL22 (Th2-related) and IL-17A, CXCL1 and CCL20 (Th17-related), as well as for the B cell-related cytokines of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and CXCL13.
Results: The CSF levels of all the cytokines and chemokines, with the exception of APRIL, were significantly higher at baseline in patients with LNB compared with controls. All the cytokines and chemokines, except for IL-17A were significantly reduced at 1-month follow-up. Patients with quick recovery (< 1 month, N = 3) had significantly lower levels of CCL20 at baseline and lower levels of IL-17A at 1-month follow-up. Patients with time of recovery >6 months (N = 7) had significantly higher levels of IL-17A at the one-month follow-up. No other cytokines or chemokines were associated with prolonged recovery. Dominating residual symptoms were fatigue, myalgia, radiculitis and/or arthralgia.
Conclusions: In this prospective follow-up study of patients with LNB, we found significantly lower levels of CCL20 in those who recovered rapidly, and increased levels of IL-17A in patients with delayed recovery post-treatment. Our findings indicate persistent Th17-driven inflammation in the CSF, possibly contributing to a longer convalescence, and suggest IL-17A and CCL20 as potential biomarker candidates for patients with LNB.
One-dimensional compression fractal theory and experimental verification of coarse-grained soil
Authors: Xu Yu-ran , Xu Yongfu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Coarse-grained soil particles will be obviously broken under high stress, and particle breakage is the main reason for the compression of samples. The compressibility λ in e-logσ curve is closely related to the degree of particle breakage. In this paper, a term of surface energy caused by particle breakage is added to the energy conservation equation. The variation of surface area per unit volume of sample is described by fractal dimension, and then the relationship between fractal dimension and vertical stress is established. Finally, the theoretical formula of compression coefficient is obtained, and the fractal theoretical model of one-dimensional compression deformation of coarse-grained soil is established. Compression coefficient is related to surface free energy, internal friction angle, shape factor and initial particle size. In addition, calcareous sand and gypsum were selected for one-dimensional compression tests at high stress. With the increase of initial particle size, the compression coefficient increases. According to the relationship between fractal dimension and vertical stress, the theoretical value of compression coefficient is obtained. The theoretical value is very close to the experimental value, which proves that the fractal theory of one-dimensional compression deformation of coarse-grained soil is correct.
FoxP3-positive cells and their contacts with mast cells are highly increased in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kaukinen Antti P. , Harvima Rauno J. , Harvima Ilkka T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The cells of the immune system are thought to contribute to the development of skin cancers through immune evasion. One possible mechanism for this can be the interaction between mast cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Therefore, fresh frozen biopsies from the lesional and nonlesional skin of 16 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were processed for the enzymehistochemical staining of mast cell tryptase, immunohistochemical staining of FoxP3 as well as for the double-staining method to label tryptase+ cells and FoxP3+ (a marker of Tregs) cells on the same cryosection. The cell numbers and apparent morphological contacts (AMCs) between these cell types were counted. The results show a high increase in the number of tryptase+ cells, FoxP3+ cells and AMCs between them in the lesional compared to corresponding nonlesional skin (p<0.0001). Therefore, a theoretical morphological basis is present in the BCC lesion for permitting an immune evasive microenvironment.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in finger foods and multiple used edible oils on Ghanaian market
Authors: Suraj Suraj Issaka Sam , Fiako Joseph Richmond , Asamoah Anita , Gibrilla Abass 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Boiling, roasting, baking and frying are all food preparation methods that can have a significant impact on food quality. Frying and baking are popular methods of preparing finger food in Ghana. It is common among Ghanaians to use the same batch of oil to fry food multiple times. In this study, the effect of multiple frying on the composition and concentration of PAHs in three commonly used cooking oils—soybean, mixed vegetable, and sunflower—was examined. PAH levels were measured in fresh (unused) as well as used oil samples. Bean cake, doughnuts, and plantain chips were fried alternately using the three types of oil, and PAH levels were quantified. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to determine the PAH content of the oils and finger foods. PAHs, mostly low-ring were found in the unused (fresh) oil. The total concentration of the PAHs in the fresh oil was 223 µg/kg. A total of 15 individual PAHs congeners were recorded in the oils after repeated fries. The sum concentrations of the 15 PAHs was 15612µg/kg. It was also discovered that the PAH composition differed depending on the type of oil, finger food, and number of frying cycles. The percentage increase for high molecular PAH (HM-PAH) in the second and third fry sessions was, on average, 22% and 40%, respectively. The PAHs levels recorded in the edible oils after repeated fries were above the recommended guideline limit. It is therefore recommended that repeated use of edible oil in frying should be avoided to protect public health.
Neoadjuvant treatment of postoperative gastric cancer combined with portal vein gas
Authors: Fu HaoRan , Zhao XueFeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Portal vein gas (PVG) is an abnormal accumulation of gas in the portal vein of the liver and is often indicative of a critical condition, with rapid onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis.We report a case of neoadjuvant treatment of postoperative gastric cancer combined with portal vein pneumatosis that improved after conservative treatment.After 4 cycles of SOX chemotherapy, he underwent total gastrectomy + oesophago-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis with postoperative complications of portal vein pneumatization, and was discharged after 14 hours of conservative treatment.Combined with the previous literature reports, the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are analysed and summarised in order to raise vigilance for early diagnosis and treatment, and also to lay the foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of clinically relevant cases.
Dual Modification Approach for Tapioca Starch Using Gamma Irradiation and Carboxymethylation
Authors: Ali Imtiaz , Ahmad Maqsood , Ridha Syahrir , Iferobia Cajetan Chimezie , Lashari Najeebullah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Native starches are modified to enhance their characteristics in terms of thermal stability, cold water solubility, and bacterial susceptibility, which limit their industrial applications. In this work, dual modification of tapioca starch by gamma irradiation followed by carboxymethylation was carried out, and the modified starch characteristics were examined. Four dosages of gamma irradiation (25, 35, 45, and 60 kGy) were used for the first modification stage, followed by carboxymethylation using different parameters. The required modification of starch was characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD. Experimental findings showed that the dual modification enhanced the thermal stability of the starch. In addition, carboxymethylation impacted starch's morphology and reduced its crystallinity. Furthermore, the dual-modified starches exhibited excellent characteristics and could be used in specific applications, including oil and gas, textile, paper, packaging, 3D printing, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
Alopecia in oncology: the practical significance of fundamental research
Authors: Stanoevich I. V. , Khvostovoy V. V. , Tishina E. I. , Dyachkova V. I. , Petrochenko D. V. , Bykanova A. M. , Silina L. V. , Stanoevich U. S. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose. To reflect the current understanding of the frequency, molecular mechanisms, and means of overcoming alopecia in cancer patients, taking into account the fundamental data of recent years on the physiology of the hair follicle and the pharmacological profile of the toxicity of anticancer drugs.Material and Methods. A literature search using Medline, Pubmed, etc. databases was carried out. More than 200 publications devoted to the study of alopecia were found, of which 42 were included in this review.Results. Chemotherapy-induced hair loss is a common adverse effect in cancer patients undergoing treatment. The frequency and molecular mechanism of the development of alopecia are related to the pharmacological features of the drug-based treatments, initial nutritional premorbid status, and predisposing polymorphisms of genes involved in drug conversion and excretion. Focal or diffuse alopecia may be the first sign of malignant growth within the paraneoplastic syndrome, primary or metastatic malignancies of the scalp, or be a manifestation of nutritional insufficiency. Baldness negatively affects the psycho-emotional state of patients, exacerbating depressive disorders, anxiety, reducing self-esteem and adherence to treatment. Thus, prevention or rapid overcoming of alopecia can significantly improve the quality of life of cancer patients. The use of scalp cooling or ‘cold caps’ is proven to be an effective way of combating chemotherapy-induced hair loss.Conclusion. Further studies are needed to prevent and treat alopecia in cancer patients.
Molecular genetic risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with thoracoabdominal malignant tumors
Authors: Korolyova A. A. , Gerasimov S. S. , Lyubchenko L. N. 
Published: February 2023

Background. Ischemic stroke is one of the most frequent causes of postoperative death in patients with thoracoabdominal malignant tumors. The role of molecular genetic factors of cardiovascular risk in the development of this complication in cancer patients has not yet been studied properly. The identification of genetic determinants of arterial thrombosis will allow predicting an increased risk of ischemic stroke and will create the possibility of pathogenetically justified prevention among carriers of genetic markers of thrombophilia.Aim. To compare the frequency of carriage of procoagulant mutations in the genes of the hemostasis system in cancer patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke and in cancer patients without concomitant cardiovascular diseases.Material and Methods. The non-randomized observational pilot research included 105 patients with thoracoabdominal tumors treated at the Thoracoabdominal Department of N. N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology during the period 2018–2019. The study group (n=24) consisted of patients with a history of ischemic stroke or perioperative stroke. The control group (n=81) included patients without concomitant cardiovascular diseases, including a family history. The real time polymerase chain reaction technique was used to determine the gene polymorphisms of blood coagulation.Results. We found a statistically significant difference in the frequency of carriage of the heterozygous variant (GA) mutation of the F2 gene (c2=6,881, p=0,009), homozygous mutation (TT) of the of the ITGA2 gene (c2=15,724, p<0,001), the heterozygous variant (TC) mutation of the ITGB3 gene (c2=3,861, p=0,05) as well as the general frequency of genetic aberrations in these genes between patients with thoracoabdominal malignant tumors, who had ischemic stroke and patients with thoracoabdominal malignant tumors without cardiovascular pathology.Conclusion. Based on the results of the genotyping of factors associated with a high thrombogenic risk, a statistically significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of polymorphisms of hemostasis system genes F2, ITGA2, ITGB3 was revealed between patients with thoracoabdominal malignant tumors, who had ischemic stroke and those without cardiovascular diseases. The role of the genetic factor in the development of ischemic stroke in cancer patients requires further study.
Диагностика и коррекция слухового восприятия у детей 8–10-летнего возраста с умственной отсталостью
Authors: Карантыш Галина В. , Муратова Марианна А. , Гутерман Лариса А. , Менджерицкий Александр М. , Воробьева Елена В. 
Published: February 2023

Введение. Статья посвящена выявлению особенностей слухового восприятия с использованием нейропсихологического и инструментальных методов у детей 8–10-летнего возраста с умственной отсталостью. Актуальность работы заключается в необходимости разработки подходов к улучшению способности к обучению детей с умственной отсталостью. Новизна исследования состоит в оценке эффективности психокоррекционных мероприятий, проводимых с использованием методов интегрированного воздействия на сенсорное восприятие у детей с умственной отсталостью. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие дети 8–10-летнего возраста без нарушений слуха в анамнезе: контрольная группа (n = 34) и дети с умственной отсталостью (n = 36). Детей с умственной отсталостью разделили на 2 подгруппы, в одной из которых проводили коррекционную работу в течение 6 месяцев с использованием методов интегрированного воздействия на сенсорное восприятие. Все дети были дважды обследованы с использованием методов тональной аудиометрии, регистрации длиннолатентных слуховых вызванных потенциалов, нейропсихологического тестирования. Результаты. При повторном обследовании (после проведенных коррекционных мероприятий) у детей с умственной отсталостью установлено снижение порогов тональной аудиометрии, а также латентностей отдельных пиков длиннолатентных слуховых вызванных потенциалов, что коррелировало с повышением эффективности прохождения нейропсихологических тестов. В подгруппе детей с умственной отсталостью, с которыми не проводили коррекционной работы, а также в контрольной группе изменений исследованных показателей не выявлено. Обсуждение результатов. В заключение делается вывод о том, что применение методик, направленных на развитие полисенсорного восприятия у детей с умственной отсталостью, способствует улучшению слухового гнозиса.
Recent Advances on the Antimicrobial Activities of Schiff Bases and
their Metal Complexes: An Updated Overview
Authors: Jorge Juliana , Del Pino Santos Kristiane Fanti , Timóteo Fernanda , Piva Vasconcelos Rafael Rodrigo , Ignacio Ayala Cáceres Osmar , Juliane Arantes Granja Isis , de Souza David Monteiro , Allievi Frizon Tiago Elias , Di Vaccari Botteselle Giancarlo , Luiz Braga Antonio , Saba Sumbal , Rashid Haroon ur , Rafique Jamal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Schiff bases represent a valuable class of organic compounds, synthesized via
condensation of primary amines with ketones or aldehydes. They are renowned for possessing
innumerable applications in agricultural chemistry, organic synthesis, chemical
and biological sensing, coating, polymer and resin industries, catalysis, coordination
chemistry, and drug designing. Schiff bases contain imine or azomethine (-C=N-) functional
groups which are important pharmacophores for the design and synthesis of lead
bioactive compounds. In medicinal chemistry, Schiff bases have attracted immense attention
due to their diverse biological activities. This review aims to encompass the recent
developments on the antimicrobial activities of Schiff bases. The article summarizes the
antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and antileishmanial activities of Schiff bases
reported since 2011.
Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Role of Gut Microbiome in Immunoglobin A
Nephropathy
Authors: Li Hong-Bo , Zhou Jia-Lin , Xie Pin-Peng , Feng Ya-Ting , Chen Yue , Zhang Dan-Feng , Wang De-Guang , Pan Hai-Feng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common primary glomerulonephritis, which is mainly characterized by excessive IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangial area. Although exploring the pathogenesis of IgAN and improving the treatment strategies continuously, the exact pathogenesis of IgAN remains unclear and the disease still leads to high mortality. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that dysregulated intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiome imbalance may play a combined role in the development and progression of IgAN. It has been suggested that reconstructing the intestinal microenvironment and maintaining the stability and metabolic balance of gut microbiome are expected to become new treatment strategies. Meanwhile, inhibiting mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) controlled by the gut microbiome may become an alternative treatment, especially used to reduce the excessive production of IgA in IgAN. In this review, we summarized the correlation between gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of IgAN, as well as the therapeutic potential of gut microbiome in this disease.
Evaluation of Wound Healing Potential of Root Bark Extract of Berberis
aristata and Molecular Docking Analysis of Berberis Phytoconstituents
Authors: Shrivastav Alankar , Mishra Arun Kumar , Gupta Ashessh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The root bark of Berberis aristata has been utilized by indigenous peoples
for wound treatment for centuries. The mature root barks are crushed into a paste and applied to the
wound's surface.

Objective:
The focus of this research is to analyse the wound healing activities of an ethanolic extract
of Berberis aristata, as well as to use molecular docking to establish the likely mechanism of the potent
phytochemical. There is no scientific evidence to support the usage of root bark extract of Berberis
aristata.

Methods:
The Herbal ointment, which comprises (1%, 2%, and 4% w/w) ethanolic extract of root
bark, was developed to test the wound healing ability of incision and excision wounds, and the molecular
mechanism was established using Auto-Dock software.

Results:
Epithelization stage, wound index, % wound contraction area, hydroxyproline content, DNA
estimate, and histopathological assessments were performed on the incision wound model. Tensile
strength was assessed in an excision wound model. TLC was used to identify the samples after successive
extractions with different solvents based on polarity.

Conclusion:
Berberine and Tetrahydropalmatine were major active phytoconstituent found in root barks
of Berberis aristata as secondary metabolites. Animals treated with 4% w/w formulation demonstrated
considerable wound contraction, epithelization time, and wound index in the excision model. In contrast,
to control and standardize the concentrations of hydroxyproline, total amino acids, and DNA in recovering
tissue were higher. At 4% w/w extract formulation, the parameters studied indicated a substantial result.
Berberine and tetrahydropalmatine, active metabolites which are present in the ethanolic extract of
Berberis aristata, were found to be responsible for wound healing. Based on ligand interactions, the findings
verified Berberis aristata ethnomedicinal claim in a wound healing capacity.
Protective Impact of Vanillic Acid on Lipid Profile and Lipid Metabolic
Enzymes in Diabetic Hypertensive Rat Model Generated by a High-Fat
Diet
Authors: Ashokkumar Natarajan , Vinothiya Kolanji 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Diabetes is the most common component of metabolic syndrome, including
abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipoproteinemia.

Objective:
This study aims to determine whether vanillic acid has antihyperlipidemic properties in diabetic
hypertensive rats.

Methods:
For this study healthy male albino Wister rats (180-220 gm) were selected. A 20-week highfat
diet (HFD) was given to produce diabetic hypertension in Wister rats. Control and diabetic hypertensive
rats were treated with vanillic acid. Vanillic acid effects on lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides,
phospholipids, free fatty acids, high-density lipoproteins (HDL)) and lipid metabolizing enzymes
LPL, LCAT, and HMG CoA reductase studied by a conventional method. To understand the
effect of vanillic acid control, experimental rat lipid and metabolic enzymes were studied and treated
and controlled animal liver tissues were observed using the different histology staining agents.

Results:
Vanillic acid caused considerable lipid profile reductions except for HDL and increased
plasma HDL levels. After eight weeks of vanillic acid administration also boosts lipid marker enzyme
activity (HMG CoA reductase, LPL, and LCAT). In addition, vanillic acid reduces the accumulation
of collagen in liver tissues.

Conclusion:
These research studies suggest that vanillic acid has antihyperlipidemic effects in diabetic
hypertensive rats fed an HFD.