bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservatve Potentials of Datura metel Seed Oil on Triplochiton scleroxylon Wood (Schumann)against Fungal Attack
Authors: Okanlawon F. B , Adelusi E. A. , Olaoye K. O. , Okon-Akan O. A. 
Published: August 2023

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of extracted Datura metel seed oil as a bio wood preservative against fungi attack as reports have shown bio-preservatives to be toxic free and environmentally friendly. The oil was extracted from the seed by Soxhlet apparatus using N-Hexane and ethanol solvents and using volume-to-volume method of dilution kerosene (at 50%) was added to increase its quantity thereafter. The phytochemical screening of the seed of Datura metel revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and phenols. Wood samples of Triplochiton sceleroxylon were cut to 20 × 20 × 60mm and the dimensioned wood samples were soaked for 72 hours in the seed oil extract hence preservative absorption rate and percentage weight loss of wood was determined on exposure to a purely cultured Sclerotium rolfsil (brown rot fungi) and Pleurotus ostreatus(white rot fungi). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance at α0.05 and the results showed the highest value of mean weight loss of 18.29% while the samples exposed to brown rot fungi has a mean value of 14.12% and white rot a lowest mean value of 12.72%. The highest absorption was observed to be 92.73 kg/m at 100 % concentration level of D,metel extract. Based on the results obtained, the seed-oil extracts of Datura metel have the potential of being an effective wood preservative.
Description of a new species from Africa in genus <i> Coccothera</i> Meyrick, 1914, with additional taxonomic and faunistic information on two other <i> Coccothera</i> species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini)
Authors: Larsen Knud 
Published: August 2023

A new species from Africa is described in the genus Coccothera Meyrick, 1914 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini). Coccothera albolineana spec. nov. Laspeyresia nicomacha Meyrick, 1921 is transferred to Coccothera Meyrick, 1914 comb. nov. The unknown male is described and a full description of the hitherto only partly known female genitalia is presented. Coccothera ferrifracta Diakonoff, 1968 is a synonym of Coccothera spissana (Zeller, 1852) syn. nov. The genus Coccothera Meyrick, 1914 now contains eight species. Faunistic and distributional information of Coccothera spissana (Zeller, 1852), C. nicomacha (Meyrick, 1921) and C. albolineana spec. nov. is also presented.
Key words: Afrotropical Tortricidae, Coccothera, faunistics.
Citation: Larsen, K. 2023. Description of a new species from Africa in genus Coccothera Meyrick, 1914, with additional taxonomic and faunistic information on two other Coccothera species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini). Metamorphosis 34: 50–58
Toxicological Status of the Hydroethanolic Extract of <i>Piliostigma thonningii</i> Leaves in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Nurudeen Q.O. , Yusuf Z.M. , Salimon S.S. , Falana M.B. , Asinmi M.R. , Elemosho A.O. , Dikwa M.A. 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to evaluate the toxicological impact of Piliostigma thonningii leaves on liver and renal function in rats and the plant extract was screened for heavy metals. Rats were divided into four groups, comprising five animals each, with the control group receiving distilled water orally and the other groups receiving 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses of the plant extract, orally, for seven days. On the eighth day, animals were sacrificed, and liver and kidney function parameters were assessed. Heavy metal screening revealed the absence of chromium and nickel, while trace amounts of lead and cadmium were detected. The liver bodyweight ratio significantly increased (p<0.05) in rats treated with the plant extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Liver functioning tests showed no significant (p>0.05) changes in total protein and albumin levels, suggesting no major adverse effects on protein metabolism or liver function. However, the significant (p<0.05) changes in Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) may be detrimental. Renal function tests revealed some variations, with significant (p<0.05) alterations in uric acid, creatinine, and urea levels which may affect renal function. The significant (p<0.05) decrease in phosphate ion and potassium ion levels further suggested potential side effects on renal functions.
Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury: Protective Effect of <i>Laportea aestuans</i> Aqueous Leaf Extract in Experimental Mice Model
Authors: Ganiyu A.I. , Oloyede H.O.B. , Salawu M.O. , Amuzat A.O. , Akolade J.O. 
Published: August 2023

Acetaminophen commonly referred to as paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic drug commonly available as over the counter medications. Indiscriminate use of acetaminophen for management of pain and fever causes liver damage. The study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of the Laportea aestuans aqueous leaf extract in acetaminophen-treated mice. Group 1: control, Group 2: APAP treated, Group 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 received 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw of the extract for 7 days and then treated with 300 mg/kg bw APAP respectively, Group 8: silymarin group. Biochemical parameters were analyzed. Activities of liver function marker enzymes (gamma- glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate and glutamate dehydrogenases, aspartate, and alanine aminotransferases) were significantly (p< 0.05) lower in the serum of acetaminophen-treated mice pre-administered with the Laportea aestuans aqueous leaf extract extract when compared to the acetaminophen-treated control mice. Activities of antioxidant enzymes significantly (p<0.05) increased in groups pre-administered with the extract or silymarin. Histological micrographs also showed that the hepatic architectures of the preadministered mice were maintained following treatment with APAP. Pre-administration of 100 mg/kg bw of Laportea aestuans aqueous leaf extract gave the best protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Findings from this study showed that L. aestuans leaf extract evidently protects mice against acetaminophen-induced liver injury, exhibiting antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. This study supports the ethnobotanical use of L. aestuans for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.
Bio-treatment capabilities of powdered <i>Moringa oleifera</i> seeds and a consortium of some bacterial isolates in cassava mill effluent (CME)
Authors: Enerijiofi K.E. , Addeh A.O. , Ekhaise F.O. 
Published: August 2023

Access to portable water supply is a serious challenge worldwide. Therefore, the development of sustainable, environmentally friendly wastewater management and recycling methods have become essential. This study evaluated the ability of powdered Moringa oleifera seeds and a consortium of Bacillus and Pseudomonas species to treat cassava mill effluent (CME) by monitoring the physicochemical parameters using standard methods. The bacterial counts revealed total coliform and total viable counts of 5±0.17 x 105 cfu/ml and 4.8±0.32 x 105 cfu/ml respectively. At the end of the 7-day bio-treatment of cassava mill effluent by Moringa oleifera seeds, the turbidity reduced by 79.45%. The total organic carbon had a reduction of 92.99% using Moringa oleifera seeds while the consortium gave 69.17%; the biochemical oxygen demand reduced by 99.30% using Moringa oleifera while the consortium was by 72.41%. Chemical oxygen demand had a reduction of 94.25% using Moringa oleifera seeds, while the consortium of bacterial isolates gave 83.34%. The pH reported was within the acidic range, while the temperature slightly decreased with increasing days of bio-treatment. Biodegradation indices showed a strong positive correlation between BOD and COD in both CME treatments. This study reports the efficacy of Moringa powdered seeds and a consortium of Bacillus and Pseudomonas species in the treatment of cassava mill effluent.
Herpes Zoster Mandibularis: Dilemma of Diagnosis - A Case Report.
Authors: AKINBADE Akinwale Olaleye , OLUWATUYI Evudafo , BUSARI Olusegun Adesola 
Published: August 2023

Background: Herpes zoster infection involving the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve is rare. It can present with severe pre-eruptive pain along the distribution of the nerve involved. As presented by the patient in this study, this lesion may be mistaken for other painful conditions, leading to misdiagnosis and maltreatment. Post-herpetic neuralgia is the most common and important complication of herpes zoster infection. It is often refractory to treatment and can profoundly affect the patient's quality of life.

Objective: To report an unusual and rare case of herpes zoster mandibularis and the diagnostic dilemma experienced in the management.

Case Report: A 60-year-old female presented with severe intractable pain from the left side of the tongue and floor of the mouth, rashes of the lower lip and cheek, and ulcerations of the oral cavity. After a period of diagnostic puzzle due to confusing presentations, a diagnosis of herpes zoster infection involving the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve complicated with postherpetic neuralgia was finally made and the patient was treated accordingly. The peculiarity, management, and treatment outcome of the case are discussed.

Conclusion: Herpes zoster mandibularis as seen in this case can present with clinical features that are confusing and can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. This study aims to raise awareness of the clinical presentation of this rare entity among clinicians in medical and dental practices. It is also advisable to seek dental and orofacial evaluation for patients with a similar presentation from specialists in Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Facial Profile and Characteristics of Occlusal Features in Primary Dentition among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Southern Nigeria
Authors: OGORDI Philip Uwaezuoke 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess the facial profile and characteristic features of occlusion in primary dentition among paediatric dental patients in a teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 224 children aged 2 to 5 years who visited the paediatric dental clinic over one year with the full complements of their primary dentition. All the children were screened for molar and canine relations, overjet, overbite, anthropoid and developmental spaces, as well as their facial profiles, and the data were recorded. Data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 21.0, Chicago). The Chi-square test analyzed categorical data with a level of significance for all statistical tests set at a probability value of less than 0.05.
Results: Bilateral flush terminal plane molar relationship was the most prevalent in 126(56%), followed by the mesial step 84(37.5%). Molar relationship and gender were statistically significant (P= 0.001). Bilateral canine class I was the most common relationship in 189(84.4%), bilateral normal overjet in 191(85.3%) and bilateral normal overbite in 183(81.7%). The majority of the developmental spaces were in the maxilla 136(60.7%) and mostly among males (69%); this was statistically significant (p=0.023). Anthropoid spaces were most prevalent in the maxilla 198(88.4%) and among males (94%), which was statistically significant (p=0.019). Straight facial profile was the most common profile 147(65.6%), although more in males (67%), it was not statistically significant (p=0.823).
Conclusion: The study's most prevalent facial and occlusal characteristics were the straight facial profile, bilateral flush terminal relationship, class 1 canine, normal overjet, normal overbite, and maxillary anthropoid and developmental spaces. Revealed in this study were mostly desirable occlusal features but with some occlusal characteristics that deviate from the norm.
Oral Health Knowledge, Behaviour and Self-Reported Oral Health Conditions among Medical Students in Western Uganda.
Authors: WATITIU Stephen Kinyanjui , AGHOLOR Collins Nimbiye , AMALIMEH Benedict Erhite 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess the oral health knowledge, oral health behaviour, and self-reported oral health conditions among undergraduate medical students on clinical rotation in Dentistry.
Methods The study recruited 104 undergraduate medical students on clinical rotation in Dentistry at the Kampala International University – Western Campus dental clinic. Data was collected online using a structured questionnaire uploaded to a Google form for easy data collection while also controlling non-response. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26. A test for the association between the variables was done using Pearson’s chi-square statistic. Statistical significance was considered to be p-value < 0.05.
Results: The majority (59.6%) of the respondents were male, aged between 22 and 25 years with a mean age of 22.20 ± 1.45. Findings showed that the majority of the respondents had basic knowledge of oral health and the prevention of oral disease. However, it was observed that 54.8% of respondents had not had a dental visit in the past year. The study also investigated self-reported oral health conditions, and it was observed that 83.7% of respondents reported having oral infections or diseases in the last year.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge on oral health among participants in the study did not consistently translate into appropriate oral health behaviour. There is a need to include oral health as part of the curriculum for medical students for practical orientation. Also, the students should be encouraged to adopt recommended oral health practices and guidelines to ensure that they are both knowledgeable and capable of maintaining good oral health for themselves and the communities they intend to serve.
Behavioural, Sedative and Anticonvulsant Activities of Ethanol Extract of the Leaf of <i>Lagenaria breviflora</i> (Benth) in Mice
Authors: Olurankinse A.I. , Imoru J.O. , Oyemitan I.A. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Lagenaria breviflora Benth is used in West Africa as a traditional remedy for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, the treatment of human measles, digestive disorders, and as a wound antiseptic.
Objectives: This study investigated the behavioural, sedative, and anticonvulsant activities of the ethanol extract of Lagenaria breviflora (EOLB) in mice, and its possible mechanism(s) of action.
Materials and Methods: The CNS activities of EOLB (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p., n=6) were evaluated using animal models of novelty- induced behaviours (NIB), sedation (ketamine-induced hypnosis), and anticonvulsion (maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and strychnine). Probable mechanism(s) were evaluated using an antagonist (flumazenil, 2 mg/ml, i.p.) and an agonist (amphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) on NIB.
Results: LD50 values obtained were 1225 mg/kg and greater than 5000 mg/kg for the intraperitoneal and oral routes respectively. The EOLB at all doses tested significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the NIB. The EOLB (400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) shortened sleep latency and significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the total sleeping time induced by ketamine (100 mg/kg, i.p.). EOLB at 400 mg/kg gave 33.3 % protection against HLTE caused by the MES-induced convulsion, significantly (p<0.01) prolonged the time of death, and offered 83.3 % protection against convulsion caused by PTZ. Flumazenil and amphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p. respectively) significantly (p<0.001) reversed the effects of the EOLB on NIB.
Conclusions: The study concluded that the ethanol leaf extract of Lagenaria breviflora is safe orally and mildly toxic intraperitoneally. The extract showed significant depressive activity on the central nervous system, sedative and anticonvulsant activities which may be mediated through augmentation of GABAergic or inhibition of the dopaminergic neural pathways, thus supporting some of the tradomedicinal claims of the uses of Lagenaria breviflora.
Prostate cancer in patients with suspected benign prostate hypertrophy in Juba, South Sudan: A retrospective study
Authors: Aguer Malong , Sube Kenneth , Nyuol Garang , Lako Joseph , Rial Isaac , Tongun Justin 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Prostate cancer carries a high morbidity and mortality especially when not diagnosed early. Patients in resource limited countries tend to be diagnosed late and hence delayed surgery for benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH).Method: This was a retrospective study, from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020, on patients who underwent prostatectomy. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from their medical records.Results: This study involved 101 patients who had had simple open prostatectomy. Ages ranged from 49 to 98 years, mean 68 +/- 8.98 years. The largest group (37.6%) was aged 71- 80 years, p=0.001. Two thirds (66%), presented with urinary retention, p=0.03. Histopathological examination showed that 49.5% had BPH. Prostate cancer was found in 28.8%, p=0.082. Almost half (49.5%) were diagnosed histopathologically as having BPH. Prostate cancer made up 28.8% with most patients in the age range 61-80 years, p= 0.456. Conclusion: The prevalence of prostate cancer remains high among patients undergoing prostatectomy for suspected BPH. A national awareness campaign coupled with targeted screening of patients above 40 years could increase early detection of prostate cancer and reduce morbidity and mortality .
Congenital mesenteric defects in an adult: A case report
Authors: Bugie Tamirat , Abraham Zinabu , Marko Louis , Ejigu Sewnet 
Published: August 2023

A congenital mesenteric defect in an adult is very rare, but can cause an internal hernia with small bowel obstruction. Awareness of congenital mesenteric defects is important to the general surgeon when faced with an acute abdominal condition. We report a case of a congenital mesenteric defect in a 40-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. An X-ray revealed multiple air fluid levels with dilatation of small and large bowels suggestive of bowel obstruction or bowel ischaemia, or bowel perforations. He underwent an emergency laparotomy through a midline incision. A large mesenteric defect was discovered with viable small and large bowel. A primary repair of the defect was carried out. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid bowel ischaemia and decrease the mortality and morbidity.
Formononetin acts synergistically with a JAK2 inhibitor to suppress growth in myeloproliferative neoplasm by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Huijun , Fan Zaijing , Li Jiashan , Zheng Xiaoqun 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To determine the effect of formononetin (FMNT) in the proliferation, drug resistance, and DNA damage of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), and to evaluate the potential of FMNT as a therapeutic target.
Methods: Cell viability curves and colony formation assays were used to characterize the proliferation of HEL or HEL/R cells. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess the apoptosis of HEL or HEL/R cells, while western blotting was performed to evaluate the expressions of DNA H2AX, DNA-PK, and Rad51, which are indicative of DNA damage, and the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 were determined.
Results: Formononetin (FMNT) suppressed cell proliferation of HEL cells in a dose-dependent manner. It significantly reduced colony formation and promoted apoptosis of HEL cells (p < 0.05). For HEL/R cells, FMNT treatment significantly reduced cell viability, and resistance, and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, FMNT elevated H2AX levels and significantly reduced the expressions of DNA-PK and Rad51 in TG101209 (TG)-induced JAK-TKI-resistant cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, FMNT decreased JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in JAK- TKI-resistant cells.
Conclusion: Treatment with FMNT represses proliferation, promotes apoptosis, weakens JAK-TKI resistance, and strengthens DNA damage in MPN cells by suppressing JAK/STAT3 pathway. This suggests that FMNT is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of MPN.
Formation of the Academic Performance and Cultural Values of Primary School Pupils Based on Online Supported Educational Games
Authors: Karatas Zhomart , Mailybaeva Gulmira , Tokzhanova Aigul , Turebayeva Klara , Duisenbayev Abay , Kazetova Aliya 
Published: August 2023

In this study, current issues related to Kazakh children's games were examined and the importance of games on Kazakhstan's culture was discussed. While determining the experimental and control groups in the study, 105 pupils from the 4th grade of two primary schools in Kazakhstan, who were determined by unbiased assignment, were assigned to 2 experimental and a control groups consisting of 35 pupils. In the study, online-based educational games in Experiment A group, online-based and face-to-face game activities in Experiment B group, and traditional teaching practice in control group were carried out. At the beginning of the study, "Traditional Kazakh Games Achievement Test", "Attitude Towards Traditional Games Scale" and "Cultural Value Perception Scale" were applied to all three groups for pre-test purposes. The data collected in line with the purpose of the study were analyzed using statistical analysis techniques appropriate to the characteristics of the data and a quantitative statistical program was used in a computer environment. The findings obtained were presented in tables. For this purpose, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sheffe test were used. As a result of the research, pupils in experimental group A, in which online-supported educational games were applied, and in experimental group B, in which online and face-to-face educational games were applied together, achieved higher achievement levels and positive attitudes compared to the control group, which was applied traditional education.
Investigating Pre-Service Teachers’ Perspectives on Classroom Management Strategies Demonstrated by Mentor Teachers
Authors: Ozkanal Umit 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding classroom management strategies employed by practicum instructors in school experience courses. This cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 245 pre-service teachers from various university departments. The study's data was collected via "Classroom Management Strategies Evaluation Scale". The scale had a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.94. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, the t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used. According to research findings, the gender of pre-service teachers, the gender of practice teachers, and the seniority of practice teachers had no significant impact on their opinions regarding the classroom management strategies used by practice teachers. However, the degree program that pre-service teachers attended and their grade point average had a significant impact on their opinions.