bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of educational interventions on hypertensive patients’ self-management behaviours: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Ukoha-Kalu Blessing Onyinye , Isah Abdulmuminu , Biambo Aminu A , Samaila Aliyu , Abubakar Mustapha Muhammed , Kalu Ukoha Agwu , Soyiri Ireneous N 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAlthough different educational interventions have been widely used to manage and treat hypertension, alone or in combination with other interventions, there is a significant variation in their claimed effectiveness.Review question/objectiveThe objective of this umbrella review is to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions, for improving blood pressure control and self-management practices among hypertensive patients. The review question is: Do educational interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions, improve self-management practices among patients with hypertension?MethodsWe will conduct a review of systematic reviews involving studies that implemented educational interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions, designed to change self-care practices among hypertensive patients who are 18 years and above, regardless of their sex and ethnicity. Following the guidelines set forth in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement, a comprehensive literature search will be conducted from September to December 2023 on six electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar. Search terms will be developed using database-specific indexed terms and text words derived from the review aim. We will present the effects of the educational interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions, on hypertension self-management practices. We will report the outcome data with 95% CIs for each study. Relative risk, mean differences or ORs will be used, depending on the measuring indices in each study.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this study will use aggregated data from previously published systematic reviews. However, we have registered the protocol in PROSPERO. We confirm that all methods will be performed following the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The findings from this study will be disseminated through presentations at academic conferences and publication in peer-reviewed international journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022375581.
Association between serum ALT levels and incidence of new-onset diabetes in general population of Japanese: a longitudinal observational study (ISSA-CKD)
Authors: Morinaga Akiko , Iwanaga Kazuyo , Maki Kaori , Ueno Tamami , Kawano Kazumi , Funakoshi Shunsuke , Yamanokuchi Toshitaka , Tsuji Masayoshi , Abe Makiko , Satoh Atsushi , Kawazoe Miki , Maeda Toshiki , Yoshimura Chikara , Takahashi Koji , Tada Kazuhiro , Ito Kenji , Yasuno Tetsuhiko , Kawanami Daiji , Masutani Kosuke , Arima Hisatomi 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to clarify the relationship between serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and incidence of new-onset diabetes in a Japanese general population.SettingPopulation-based retrospective cohort study using annual health check-up data for residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.ParticipantsA total of 5330 Japanese individuals (≥30 years old) without diabetes at baseline were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSerum ALT levels were determined using an enzymatic method and were classified into gender-specific quartile groups as follows: group 1 (3–16 U/L in men and 3–13 U/L in women), group 2 (17–21 U/L in men and 14–16 U/L in women), group 3 (22–29 U/L in men and 17–22 U/L in women) and group 4 (30–428 U/L in men and 23–268 U/L in women). The study outcome was the incidence of diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, non-fasting glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L, glycated haemoglobin ≥6.5% or use of glucose-lowering therapies).ResultsAfter an average follow-up period of 5.0 years, 279 individuals developed diabetes. The incidence rate of diabetes increased with elevation of serum ALT levels (0.7% per 100 person-years in group 1, 0.9% in group 2, 0.9% in group 3 and 1.7% in group 4) (p<0.001 for trend). This association was significant after adjustment for other risk factors including age, sex, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking, current daily alcohol intake and regular exercise (p<0.001 for trend). Comparable associations were observed between men and women (p=0.459 for interaction).ConclusionSerum ALT levels were associated with future development of diabetes in the general Japanese population.
Charged strange star coupled to anisotropic dark energy in Tolman–Kuchowicz spacetime
Authors: Rej Pramit , Karmakar Akashdip 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe concept of dark energy can be used as a possible option to prevent the gravitational collapse of compact objects into singularities. It affects the universe on the largest scale, as it is responsible for our universe’s accelerated expansion. As a consequence, it seems possible that dark energy will interact with any compact astrophysical stellar object [Phys. Rev. D 103, 084042 (2021)]. In this work, our prime focus is to develop a simplified model of a charged strange star coupled to anisotropic dark energy in Tolman–Kuchowicz spacetime (Tolman in Phys Rev 55:364, 1939; Kuchowicz in Acta Phys Pol 33:541, 1968) within the context of general relativity. To develop our model, here we consider a particular strange star object, Her X-1 with observed values of mass $$=(0.85 \pm 0.15)M_{\odot }$$

=

(
0.85
±
0.15
)

M
⊙

and radius $$= 8.1_{-0.41}^{+0.41}$$

=
8
.

1

-
0.41

+
0.41

km. respectively. In this context, we initially started with the equation of state (EoS) to model the dark energy, in which the dark energy density is proportional to the isotropic perfect fluid matter-energy density. The unknown constants present in the metric have been calculated by using the Darmois–Israel condition. We perform an in-depth analysis of the stability and force equilibrium of our proposed stellar configuration as well as multiple physical attributes of the model such as metric function, pressure, density, mass–radius relation, and dark energy parameters by varying dark energy coupling parameter $$\alpha $$
α
. Thus after a thorough theoretical analysis, we found that our proposed model is free from any singularity and also satisfies all stability criteria to be a stable and physically realistic stellar model.
Efficiency and thermodynamic uncertainty relations of a dynamical quantum heat engine
Authors: Razzoli Luca , Cavaliere Fabio , Carrega Matteo , Sassetti Maura , Benenti Giuliano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the quest for high-performance quantum thermal machines, looking for an optimal thermodynamic efficiency is only part of the issue. Indeed, at the level of quantum devices, fluctuations become extremely relevant and need to be taken into account. In this paper we study the thermodynamic uncertainty relations for a quantum thermal machine with a quantum harmonic oscillator as a working medium, connected to two thermal baths, one of which is dynamically coupled. We show that parameters can be found such that the machine operates both as a quantum engine or refrigerator, with both sizeable efficiency and small fluctuations.
The Boundedness Locus and Baby Mandelbrot Sets for Some Generalized McMullen Maps
Authors: Boyd Suzanne , Mitchell Alexander J. 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study rational functions of the form [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] fixed and at least [Formula: see text], and hold either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] fixed while the other varies. We locate some homeomorphic copies of the Mandelbrot set in the [Formula: see text]-parameter plane for certain ranges of [Formula: see text], as well as in the [Formula: see text]-plane for some [Formula: see text]-ranges. We use techniques first introduced by Douady and Hubbard [1985] that were applied for the subfamily [Formula: see text] by Devaney [2006]. These techniques involve polynomial-like maps of degree two.
Pólya fields and Kuroda/Kubota unit formula
Authors: Tougma Charles Wend-Waoga 
Published: August 2023

Let K be a number field. The Pólya field concept is used to know when the module of integer-valued polynomials over the ring of integers [Formula: see text] of K has a regular basis. In [C. W.-W. Tougma, Some questions on biquadratic Pólya fields, J. Number Theory 229 (2021) 386–398], the author used cohomological results from [C. B. Setzer, Units over totally real [Formula: see text] fields, J. Number Theory 12 (1980) 160–175] to answer questions raised in [A. Leriche, Pólya fields, Pólya groups and Pólya extensions: a question of capitulation, J. Théor. Nr. Bordx. 23 (2011) 235–249; A. Leriche, Cubic, quartic and sextic Pólya fields, J. Number Theory 133 (2013) 59–71] on biquadratic Pólya fields. Here we first prove that number fields were omitted from the list of exceptional fields cited in [A. Leriche, Pólya fields, Pólya groups and Pólya extensions: a question of capitulation, J. Théor. Nr. Bordx. 23 (2011) 235–249; A. Leriche, Cubic, quartic and sextic Pólya fields, J. Number Theory 133 (2013) 59–71]. We therefore identify new biquadratic Pólya fields, where the prime number 2 is totally ramified. This result corrects and completes some others on the literature. On the other hand, we show that the main results of [C. W.-W. Tougma, Some questions on biquadratic Pólya fields, J. Number Theory 229 (2021) 386–398] and this paper can be proved with a single method using Kuroda/Kubota’s unit formula without cohomological results of [C. B. Setzer, Units over totally real [Formula: see text] fields, J. Number Theory 12 (1980) 160–175].
Early Postoperative Neurologic Events Are Associated With Worse Outcome and Fatal Midterm Survival After Adult Heart Transplantation
Authors: Oehler Daniel , Oehler Hannah , Sigetti Dennis , Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Böttger Charlotte , Bruno Raphael Romano , Haschemi Jafer , Aubin Hug , Horn Patrick , Westenfeld Ralf , Bönner Florian , Akhyari Payam , Kelm Malte , Lichtenberg Artur , Boeken Udo 
Published: August 2023

Background
Neurologic events during primary stay in heart transplant (HTx) recipients may be associated with reduced outcome and survival, which we aim to explore with the current study.

Methods and Results

We screened and included all patients undergoing HTx in our center between September 2010 and December 2022 (n=268) and checked for the occurrence of neurologic events within their index stay. Neurologic events were defined as ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, hypoxic ischemic injury, or acute symptomatic neurologic dysfunction without central nervous system injury. The cohort was then divided into recipients with (n=33) and without (n=235) neurologic events after HTx. Using a multivariable Cox regression model, the association of neurologic events after HTx and survival was assessed. Recipients with neurologic events displayed a longer intensive care unit stay (30 versus 16 days;
P
=0.009), longer mechanical ventilation (192 versus 48 hours;
P
<0.001), and higher need for blood transfusion, and need for hemodialysis after HTx was substantially higher (81% versus 55%;
P
=0.01). Resternotomy (36% versus 26%;
P
=0.05) and mechanical life support (extracorporeal life support) after HTx (46% versus 24%;
P
=0.02) were also significantly higher in patients with neurologic events. Covariable‐adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed a significant independent association of neurologic events and increased 30‐day (hazard ratio [HR], 2.5 [95% CI, 1.0–6.0];
P
=0.049), 1‐year (HR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1–4.3];
P
=0.019), and overall (HR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.5–4.2];
P
<0.001) mortality after HTx and reduced Kaplan‐Meier survival up to 5 years after HTx (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Neurologic events after HTx were strongly and independently associated with worse postoperative outcome and reduced survival up to 5 years after HTx.
Bifurcation Points for Tropical Cyclone Genesis and Intensification in Sheared and Dry Environments
Authors: Nam Chaehyeon C. , Bell Michael M. , Tao Dandan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The combination of moderate vertical wind shear (VWS) and dry environments can produce the most uncertain scenarios for tropical cyclone (TC) genesis and intensification. We investigated the sources of increased uncertainty of TC development under moderate VWS and dry environments using a set of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) ensemble simulations. Statistical analysis of ensemble members for precursor events and time-lagged correlations indicates that successful TC development is dependent on a specific set of precursor events. A deficiency in any of these precursor events leads to a failure of TC intensification. The uncertainty of TC intensification can be largely attributed to the probabilistic characteristics of precursor events lining up together before TC intensification. The critical bifurcation point between successful and failed trials in these idealized simulations is the sustained vortex alignment process. Even for the failed intensification cases, most simulations showed deep organized convection, which reformed a midlevel vortex. However, for the failed cycles, the new midlevel vortex could not sustain vertical alignment with the low-level center and was carried away by VWS shortly. Under the most uncertain setup (VWS = 7.5 m s−1 and 50% moisture), the latest-developing ensemble member had seven events of tilt decreasing and increasing again that occurred during the 8 days before genesis. Some unsuccessful precursor events looked very close to the successful ones, implying limits on the intrinsic predictability for TC genesis and intensification in moderately sheared and dry environments.

Significance Statement
The aim of this study is to identify a critical bifurcation point that determines whether tropical disturbances in moderately sheared and dry environments will develop into intense storms or dissipate. When it comes to predicting the formation and strength of tropical cyclones, vertical wind shear, where the environmental wind changes with height, presents a challenging scenario. When the shear is neither too weak nor too strong, some systems manage to develop into cyclones, while others get torn apart under similar shear conditions. Understanding the differences between these outcomes remains a puzzle. Through extensive computer simulations, we have discovered a key factor that contributes to the uncertainty surrounding the alignment of the midlevel vortex with the center of the low-level vortex. These results reveal the complexity and multiple sources of uncertainty involved in forecasting tropical cyclone intensification, providing valuable insights into why moderate shear is a particularly challenging regime to predict tropical genesis and intensification.
A Mapping Methodology Adapted to all Polar and Subpolar Oceans with a Stretching/Shrinking Constraint
Authors: Mensah Vigan , Ohshima Kay I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Polar and subpolar oceans play a particularly important role in the global climate and its temporal changes, yet these regions are less well sampled than the rest of the global ocean. To better understand the physical or biogeochemical properties and their variabilities in these regions, accurate data mapping is crucial. In this paper, we introduce a mapping methodology that includes a water column shrinking and stretching constraint (SSC) based on the principle of conservation of potential vorticity. To demonstrate the mapping scheme efficiency, we map the ocean temperature in the southern Sea of Okhotsk, where the bottom topography comprises a broad and shallow shelf, a sharp continental slope, and a deep oceanic basin. Such topographic features are typical of polar and subpolar marginal seas. Results reveal that the SSC integrated (SSCI) mapping strongly reduces the mapping error in the broad and shallow shelf compared with a recently introduced topographic constraint integrated (TCI) mapping procedure. We also tested our mapping scheme in the Southern Ocean, which has a comparatively slanted shelf, a wider and gentler slope, and a deep and broad oceanic basin. We found that the SSCI and TCI methods are practically equivalent there. The SSCI mapping is thus an effective method to map the ocean’s properties in various topographic environments and should be adequate in all polar and subpolar regions. Importantly, we introduced a standardized procedure for determining the decorrelation length scales—a necessary step prior to implementing any mapping scheme—in any topographic conditions.
Relationship Institutions: Evidence From IPOs
Authors: Fu Xudong , Lian Qin , Tang Tian , Wang Qiming , Xin Hua Christine 
Published: August 2023

Using a sample of newly public firms, we study the firm–institution relationship and its effect on firm value and the real decision channels through which this effect takes place. In contrast to the conventional measure of investor horizon that primarily focuses on investor portfolio share turnover, we suggest an alternative measure based on the investment horizon between institutions and firms to capture the firm-institution relationship. Our study shows that relationship institutions, defined as institutions that maintain their positions in a firm after its initial public offering, contribute positively to firm value. Relationship institutions enhance firm value through increased investments by the firm, better acquisition decisions, higher overall payout, and lower firm risk. The positive effects of relationship institutions are reflected in higher future stock returns and are not sensitive to the alternative explanation of institutional relationships, institution types, institution share turnover, blockholding status, and alternative cut-off time in relationship definition. JEL Codes: G23, G31, G32, G34
Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of cervical cancer: comparison of reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging and conventional techniques
Authors: He Yakun , Wang Min , Yi Siqi , Lu Yujie , Ren Jing , Zhou Peng , Xu Ke 
Published: August 2023

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of CC, but the conventional techniques are affected by many factors. Purpose To compare reduced-field-of-view (r-FOV) and full-field-of-view (f-FOV) DWI in the diagnosis of CC. Material and Methods Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with r-FOV and f-FOV DWI images were collected. Two radiologists reviewed the images using a subjective 4-point scale for anatomical features, magnetic susceptibility artifacts, visual distortion, and overall diagnostic confidence for r-FOV and f-FOV DWI. The objective features included the region of interest (ROI) signal intensity of the cervical lesion (SIlesion) and gluteus maximus muscle (SIgluteus), standard deviation of the background noise (SDbackground), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The differences of measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between the two examinations in pathological grades and FIGO tumor stages were compared. Results A total of 200 patients were included (170 with squamous cell carcinoma and 30 with adenocarcinoma). The scores of anatomical features, magnetic susceptibility artifacts, visual distortion, and overall diagnostic confidence for r-FOV DWI were significantly higher than those for f-FOV DWI. There was no difference in SNR and CNR between r-FOV DWI and f-FOV DWI. There were significant differences in ADC values between the two groups in all comparisons ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with f-FOV DWI, r-FOV DWI might provide clearer imaging, fewer artifacts, less distortion, and higher image quality for the diagnosis of CC and might assist in the detection of CC.
Unraveling the enigma of Adamkiewicz: exploring the prevalence, anatomical variability, and clinical impact in spinal embolization procedures for bone metastases
Authors: Papalexis Nicolas , Peta Giuliano , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Miceli Marco , Spinnato Paolo , Facchini Giancarlo 
Published: August 2023

Background The artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) is vital for spinal cord blood supply. Its role in embolization procedures for bone metastases can cause serious complications. We explored its prevalence, anatomical variation, and effect on spinal embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in patients with bone metastases. Purpose To understand the impact and variability of AKA in spinal embolizations in cases of bone metastases to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes. Material and Methods We examined data from 454 patients who underwent spinal embolization with NBCA between 2009 and 2018. The presence, anastomoses, and tumor features of AKA were assessed via pre-procedure imaging and angiography. Complications were classified per the CIRSE Classification System. Results AKA was found in 22.8% of patients, predominantly left-sided and originating from T8 to L1. Direct and indirect anastomoses were present in 66.6% and 33.4% of patients, respectively. Extra-compartmental invasion was linked with direct anastomosis ( P = 0.004). High-grade complications were rare but included one instance of bilateral lower limb paralysis. Partial embolization was necessary in 22.8% of cases due to AKA. Conclusion The study underscores the need for rigorous preoperative evaluation of AKA origin and anastomoses in patients undergoing spinal embolization for bone metastases. Given the significant presence of AKA and related anastomoses, especially with renal extra-compartmental tumors, caution is advised to reduce complications and optimize patient outcomes. Further research is required for best practice guidelines involving bone metastases and AKA.
Photodynamic therapy for Cutibacterium acnes decolonization of the shoulder dermis
Authors: Horneff John G , Vaughan Alayna , Patel Manan , Nicholson Thema , Tzeuton Serge , Lazarus Mark , Namdari Surena , Abboud Joseph A 
Published: August 2023

Introduction Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a common source of infection in shoulder surgery. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring metabolite of C. acnes that creates an exothermic reaction when activated by blue light. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative photodynamic therapy using topical 5-ALA to decrease C. acnes colonization. Methods Patients were randomized to receive topical 5-ALA skin solution activated by blue light photodynamic therapy or standard of care preoperative skin preparation. Prior to skin incision, two punch biopsy specimens were taken from the portal sites and were incubated for 13 days. Culture positivity rate, days until positive, and semiquantitative growth classification were analyzed. Results Fifty patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery were randomized. The overall positive culture rate was 54%. All cultures were positive for C. acnes except for one. Sixty-four percent of standard preparation patients and 44% of investigational group patients had at least one positive culture for C. acnes. There was no significant difference between groups in patients with at least one positive C. acnes culture ( p = 0.49). Conclusion The use of photodynamic therapy undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery did not significantly reduce colonization of C. acnes as compared to standard preparation. Level of Evidence Level II.