bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business–society interface: An exploration of a paradigmatic heuristic model of corporate social responsibility in Colombia
Authors: Villa‐Castaño Lida Esperanza , Perdomo‐Ortiz Jesús , Dueñas‐Ocampo Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study explores how corporate social responsibility (CSR) managers in large companies conceive the business–society interface using a CSR paradigm heuristic model. The research applies a critical management studies perspective, adopting a qualitative approach. We analyze the speeches of 25 CSR managers from large companies representing four economic sectors of an emerging economy. The paradigmatic heuristic model proposes four perspectives regarding CSR, which include functionalist, constructivist, culturalist, and socio‐political paradigms. We validate the proposed heuristic model, revealing the existence of transition zones and overlapping CSR management discourses. We found that there is no single or paradigmatic discourse of CSR among the four economic sectors analyzed. In Colombia, an emerging country, new CSR approaches and discourses are uncovered that can contribute to future contextualized and contingent research in regions with complex business–society interfaces.
Plasma sheath with multi‐species of positive ions and surface produced negative ions
Authors: Samanta Sutapa , Moulick Rakesh , Bhuyan P. J. , Saikia B. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe structure of a plasma sheath has been investigated in front of a caesium‐coated metallic plate, using a simple theoretical model. Along with the electrons, the plasma is composed of multi‐species of positive ions, and surface and volume produced negative ions. While the volume produced negative ions are common in many plasma processing chambers, the surface produced negative ions are of critical importance, especially to the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) systems. The surface negative ions are produced via the coated metallic plate. With a single species of positive ion, the Bohm criterion, which determines the sheath edge potential, is multi‐valued for a specific range of electronegativity (). The width of the multi‐valued region has been reported to increase with the surface production yield (). Calculations are done for hydrogen plasma with a slight admixture of a second gas such as argon. Besides discussing the differences brought in by the mere presence of a second ion, the paper highlights the importance of the positive ion current density in determining the Bohm criterion. In addition, the effect of three species of positive ions in the surface production process has been discussed.
Measuring cognitions during exercise: Associations between thoughts and eating disorder behaviors over a 3‐week ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Coniglio Kathryn A. , Kleiman Evan M. , Selby Edward A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivePrevious work has outlined cognitive beliefs about exercise in general, but very little is known about momentary cognitions while engaging in pathological exercise. The primary aim of this study was to explore thought content during exercise and to test whether these thoughts predicted later engagement in eating disorder behaviors. We also tested associations between thoughts and specific exercise activity.MethodWe monitored 31 women with clinically significant eating psychopathology for 3 weeks via ecological momentary assessment as they reported on their exercise and eating disorder behaviors, and thoughts about shape, weight, or calories during exercise. Thoughts were self‐reported upon cessation of each exercise session.ResultsThinking about weight loss during exercise predicted later engagement in body‐checking behaviors. Weight‐bearing exercise was associated with a decreased likelihood of thinking about calories but an increased likelihood of thinking about shape during exercise.DiscussionThese findings show that shape and weight thoughts are present during exercise and that their influence on eating disorder behaviors may exist on a much briefer time scale (i.e., within a day) than previous studies show. Clinically, future studies may seek to test interventions aimed at changing or restructuring cognitions during exercise to help shape adaptive exercise behavior during and after treatment.Public SignificanceThis is the first study measuring thoughts during pathological exercise in real‐time among those with eating disorder psychopathology. The results show that thinking about weight loss during exercise might increase the likelihood of engaging in body‐checking behaviors. Findings will inform the development of treatment approaches to help those in recovery from eating disorders re‐engage with exercise.
Bird predation on Roseau cane scale as revealed by a web image search and querying a citizen monitoring database
Authors: Noriyuki Suzuki , Matsumoto Izumi , Yoshikawa Tetsuro , Kaneko Shuji , Broadley Hannah J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn invasion of Roseau cane scale, Nipponaclerda biwakoensis, native to East Asia, is associated with recent widespread dieback of common reed stands in the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana. A previous study suggested that, in its native range, the combined mortality from Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus and parasitoid wasps may control the abundance of Roseau cane scale. However, there is limited knowledge about which other bird species may prey on Roseau cane scale or the feeding patterns of these birds. Here we used web search and citizen science monitoring data to tabulate bird predation events on Roseau cane scales across sites in Japan and determine which bird species may be the most important predators and when the observed feeding typically occurs. We scanned web entries using both Google image searches and the social networking services including Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Additionally, we accessed long‐term field observation records obtained by volunteer monitoring conducted by the members of the Kanagawa Branch of the Wild Bird Society of Japan. By using these citizen science approaches, we detected 16 bird species, mainly Common Reed Bunting but also other migratory and resident species, preying on the Roseau cane scale in reed beds throughout central Japan and most detection occurred during the winter. This study demonstrates that biological information obtained from publicly available data from citizen observers can be useful for exploring ecological patterns of various species including potential predators against invasive species.
Density and genetic diversity of grizzly bears at the northern edge of their distribution
Authors: Barrueto Mirjam , Jessen Tyler D. , Diepstraten Rianne , Musiani Marco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpecies at the periphery of their range are typically limited in density by poor habitat quality. As a result, the central–marginal hypothesis (CMH) predicts a decline in genetic diversity of populations toward the periphery of a species' range. Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) once ranged throughout most of North America but have been extirpated from nearly half of their former range, mainly in the south. They are considered a species at risk even in Canada's remote North, where they occupy the northernmost edge of the species' continental distribution in a low‐productivity tundra environment. With climate change, one of their main prey species in the tundra (caribou), which has always shown yearly fluctuations, is declining, but simultaneously, grizzlies appear to be expanding their range northward in the same tundra environment. Yet, a lack of population density estimates across the North is hindering effective conservation action. The CMH has implications for the viability of peripheral populations, and the links between population fluctuations, potential bottlenecks, and genetic diversity need to be determined to contribute to species' conservation. Using noninvasive genetic sampling from 2012 to 2014 and autosomal DNA genotyping (via microsatellites), we estimated bear density using a spatial capture–recapture framework and analyzed genetic diversity using observed heterozygosity (Ho), allelic richness (AR), and expected heterozygosity (He). We compared our findings to other studies that used comparable methodologies on grizzly bears and a related species (black bears;Ursus americanus). We found densities of grizzly bears that were low for the species but characteristic for the region (5.9 ± 0.4 bears/1000 km2), but with high Ho (0.81 ± 0.05), AR (7 ± 0.78), and He (0.71 ± 0.03), despite a signal of recent bottlenecks. In both species, peripherality was not correlated with Ho but was negatively correlated with density. We suggest that the apparent growth of this expanding population of grizzlies offsets the negative impacts of recent bottlenecks on Ho. Indigenous knowledge provides historical context (on the order of centuries, e.g., arctic large mammal fluctuations, grizzly bear bottlenecks) for the current bear population dynamics (on the order of decades, e.g., climate change, northern grizzly bear expansion).
On the road again: A study valuing wildlife crossings for wetland mitigation on State Road 40 in Volusia County, Florida
Authors: Shepherd Benjamin J. , Houck Jason , Lyon Casey 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the past few decades, wildlife crossings have effectively reduced wildlife–vehicle collisions and improved habitat connectivity and genetic exchange for animals. However, wildlife crossings are expensive to construct, and the cost may discourage transportation agencies from implementing new wildlife crossings on public roadways. Additionally, transportation agencies and planners rarely consider the permitting and mitigation costs that wildlife crossings can require. A road profile must be raised to accommodate a wildlife underpass on many Florida roadways, particularly in low‐lying areas. Raising the road can result in new wetland impacts that would not occur but for the wildlife crossing. Consequently, new or more compensatory wetland mitigation may be required to satisfy § 404 of the Clean Water Act—a cost to the transportation agency and taxpayers. We used Florida's Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method (UMAM) to calculate the value of functions in habitats before and after planned wildlife crossings on State Road 40 in Volusia County, Florida. The results of our analysis show that wildlife crossings will enhance the functions in remnant habitats adjacent to the wildlife crossings, generating wetland mitigation credits that reduced the amount of compensatory wetland mitigation required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Our case study provides a novel application of the UMAM in valuing wildlife crossings. We believe the UMAM can be used in cost–benefit models and transportation planning to determine the functional value of new wildlife crossings, thereby producing a monetary value that can incentivize new wildlife crossing projects.
Diverse Reactivity of bis(Silylene) and bis(Germylene) [LE−EL (E=Si and Ge: L=PhC(NtBu)2)] in the Oxidative Activation of C−F Bond: Si−Si Bond is Retained While the Ge−Ge Bond Is Cleaved
Authors: Asif Ansari Mohd , Ansari Mursaleem , Pandey Madhusudan K. , Köhler Christian , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein we report the reactions of 3,4,5,6‐tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (1) with bis(silylene) and bis(germylene) LE−EL [E=Si (2) and Ge(3): L=PhC(NtBu)2)]. The reaction of LSi−SiL (L=PhC(NtBu)2) (2) with two equivalents of 1 resulted in an unprecedented oxidative addition of a C−F bond of 1 leading to disilicon(III) fluoride {L(4‐C8F3N)FSi−SiF(4‐C8F3N)L}(4), wherein the Si−Si single bond was retained. In contrast, the reaction of LGe−GeL (L=PhC(NtBu)2) (3) with one equivalent of 1 resulted in the oxidative cleavage of Ge−Ge bond leading to L(4‐C8F3N2)Ge (5) and LGeF (6). All three compounds (4–6) were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, EI‐MS spectrometry, and elemental analysis. X‐ray single‐crystal structure determination of compound 4 unequivocally established that the SiIII−SiIII bond remains uncleaved.
Effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on stress‐reactive neuroendocrine measures in a sample of persons with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Doerr Johanna M. , Juenemann Martin , Hakel Lukas , Schmidt Laura , Menzler Katja , Krause Kristina , Linka Louise , Skoluda Nadine , Nater Urs M. , Knake Susanne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveDysregulation of stress‐reactive neuroendocrine measures, as well as subjective stress, have been found to worsen epilepsy. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a relatively new treatment option for epilepsy. We were interested in its effect on the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS) as well as subjective stress and tiredness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsTwenty patients (age 44 ± 11 years, 13 women) were enrolled in the study. They were free of seizures for more than 1 year. All took part in two sessions with 4 h of stimulation (tVNS vs. sham) in a randomized order. Saliva samples and subjective stress and tiredness levels were measured at five time points each session (before and after stimulation and three time points every hour in between). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance as well as paired t‐tests.ResultsThere was a dampened salivary cortisol (sCort) decrease during tVNS (time × condition effect: F[2.38, 38.15] = 6.50, P = 0.002, partial η2 = 0.29). Furthermore, we detected a dampened increase in salivary flow rate during tVNS (time × condition effect: F[3.28, 55.67] = 2.82, P = 0.043, partial η2 = 0.14). There was neither a difference in overall sCort or salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) levels nor in subjective stress or tiredness levels between conditions. sAA levels at the last measurement point were slightly higher during tVNS (t(19) = 2.26, P = 0.035, d = 0.51), but this effect failed to reach significance when controlled for multiple comparisons.SignificanceOur results partially support that tVNS influences the regulation of stress‐reactive neuroendocrine systems (namely the HPA axis and ANS) in epilepsy. More research with larger samples is needed on the difference between short‐term and repeated long‐term stimulation.
Does a white bear help you eat less? The impact of the inhibitory spillover effect on eating behaviour
Authors: Vöhringer Julian , Hütter Mandy , Schroeder Philipp A. , Svaldi Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveOverweight and obesity are global problems with negative physical, social, and psychological outcomes. Besides other factors, inhibitory control deficits contribute to weight gain and development of overweight. The inhibitory spillover effect (ISE) improves inhibitory control through transfer of inhibitory control capacity from one domain to an unrelated, second domain. For ISE to occur, one inhibitory control task is executed simultaneously with a second, non‐control related task thereby increasing inhibitory control in this task.MethodIn this preregistered study, we tested the ISE induced through thought suppression in contrast to a neutral task in participants with normal weight and overweight (N = 92). A simultaneously conducted bogus taste test served as outcome measure for food intake.ResultsWe found neither an interaction effect between group affiliation and condition nor an effect of group affiliation. However, contrary to our expectations, we found higher food intake in participants with active ISE compared to the neutral task.ConclusionsThis result might indicate rebound effects of applied thought suppression which led to the experience of loss of control and therefore undermined maintenance and function of the ISE. This main result was robust to all moderator variables. We elaborate further factors for the finding, theoretical implications, and future research directions.
Artificial intelligence model of fuel blendings as a step toward the zero emissions optimization of a 660 MWe supercritical power plant performance
Authors: Amjad Ahsan , Ashraf Waqar Muhammad , Uddin Ghulam Moeen , Krzywanski Jaroslaw 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccurately predicting fuel blends' lower heating values (LHV) is crucial for optimizing a power plant. In this paper, we employ multiple artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning‐based models for predicting the LHV of various fuel blends. Coal of two different ranks and two types of biomass is used in this study. One was the South African imported bituminous coal, and the other was lignite thar coal extracted from the Thar Coal Block‐2 mine by Sind Engro Coal Mining Company, Pakistan. Two types of biomass, that is, sugarcane bagasse and rice husk, were obtained locally from a sugar mill and rice mill located in the vicinity of Sahiwal, Punjab. Bituminous coal mixture with other coal types and both types of biomass are used with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% weight fractions, respectively. The calculation and model development procedure resulted in 91 different AI‐based models. The best is the Ridge Regressor, a high‐level end‐to‐end approach for fitting the model. The model can predict the LHV of the bituminous coal with lignite and biomass under a vast share of fuel blends.
Designing agricultural grasses to help mitigate proteolysis during ensiling to optimize protein feed provisions for livestock
Authors: Muhandiram Nuwan P. K. , Humphreys Michael W. , Fychan Rhun , Davies John W. , Sanderson Ruth , Marley Christina L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe efficient preservation of protein in silage for livestock feed is dependent on the rate and extent of proteolysis. Previous research on fresh forage indicated enhanced protein stability in certain Festulolium (ryegrass × fescue hybrids) cultivars compared to ryegrass. This is the first report of an experiment to test the hypothesis that a Lolium perenne × Festuca arundinacea var glaucescens cultivar had reduced proteolysis compared to perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) during the ensiling process. Forages were harvested in May (Cut 2) and August (Cut 4), wilted for 24 h and ensiled in laboratory‐scale silos. Silage was destructively sampled at 0 h, 9 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 14 days and 90 days post‐ensiling, and dry matter (DM), pH and chemical composition were determined. At Cut 2, there was no difference in crude protein between treatments but ryegrass had higher soluble nitrogen (SN) (P < 0.001) and grass × time interactions (p = 0.03) indicated higher rates of proteolysis. By Cut 4, Festulolium had (5.5% units) higher CP than ryegrass (p < 0.001) but SN did not differ. Ammonia‐N did not differ between silages in either cut. DM differences (11.8% units) between treatments in Cut 4 (v.2.2% in Cut 2) may have masked effects on proteolysis, highlighting the importance of management on silage quality. This was despite higher WSC in ryegrass in both cuts (p < 0.001), with grass × time interactions (Cut 2; p = 0.03) showing slower WSC decline in ryegrass in Cut 4 (p < 0.001). Silage pH values did not differ between grasses in either cut, but grass × time interactions (p < 0.001) showed a slower decline in both ryegrass cuts, resulting in higher (p < 0.05) pH at 24 h and 72 h for Cuts 2 and 4, respectively. Overall, the hypothesis for an enhanced protein stability in Festulolium when ensiled as ruminant feed was evidenced by lower SN but not ammonia‐N in an early‐cut silage with a comparable DM to ryegrass.
Understanding the soil and plant water hydrological cycle in a typical wetland under harsh natural conditions in the Shigatse area of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cong Peixin , Tan Hongbing , Shi Dongping , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn cold alpine regions, ecohydrological feedback to climatic anomalies can provide valuable insights into ecosystem functions in the context of alarming climate change projections. However, the role of vegetation in the hydrological cycle of alpine wetlands remains unclear. We used water stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) supplemented with δ13C to investigate wetland soil isotope distributions and plant water uptake patterns. The isotope values of the soil profiles were affected by seasonal factors. During cold and dry periods, the isotopes within the soil profile showed a strong evaporation effect, and during warm and humid periods, the isotopes indicated the mixing of multiple water sources. The isotopes show larger variations in the interior of the wetland than in the periphery. The carbon dioxide and methane released by the wetland may cause a negative shift in the δ18O and δD isotopes of soil water. Rose willow and Sophora moorcroftiana can obtain water from both the surface and deep layers to cope with different water stresses. The dominant water is mainly obtained from the surface layer during cold and dry periods, whereas water from deeper layers can also be abstracted during warm and wet periods for rose willow growth. These findings will provide a better understanding of soil and plant water hydrological cycles under harsh natural conditions in cold alpine regions and could offer guidance to local governments for the conservation of this extreme wetland ecosystem.
AICSS: Automatic simulator–controller/optimizer model of open channels
Authors: Shahverdi Kazem 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe coupling between simulators and controllers in control systems of irrigation canals has always been a challenging issue. Consequently, simplified or approximated models of Saint‐Venant equations (SVEs) have unavoidably been used thus far. In this research, a coupled simulator–controller/optimizer model named Automatic Irrigation Canal Simulation System (AICSS) was developed to control irrigation conveyance system simulation (ICSS) using MATLAB, which allows setting input data, retrieving input or output data and opening, running and closing the ICSS model, enabling any real‐time modelling of canals with mathematical and statistical experiments as well as calibration of the discharge coefficient and Manning's roughness. To this end, several submodels were written in FORTRAN to automatically guide orders in ICSS received from MATLAB. The developed model is started by pressing the F5 key in MATLAB. To introduce the AICSS application and evaluate it, the proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller was used and tested in the E1R1 Dez and Aghili East canals located in Khuzestan province (Iran), showing successful results when simulating and controlling the canals and leading to maximum and average water depth errors of 2.3% and 0.07% in the E1R1 canal and 5.3% and 0.36% in the Aghili East canal, respectively.