bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healing Trap States of Anomalous Antisite Defects via Surface Passivation in Lead Iodide Perovskites: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Huang Tongze , Nan Guangjun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUndesirable loss of open‐circuit voltage and current of metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells are closely associated with defects, so theoretical calculations have been often performed to scrutinize the nature of defects in bulk of MHPs. Yet, exploring the properties of defects at surfaces of MHPs is severely lacking given the complexity of the surface defects with high concentrations. In this study, IPb (PbI) antisite defects, namely one Pb (I) site being occupied by one I (Pb) atom at the surfaces of the FAPbI3 (FA=CH(NH2)2) material, are found to create electron (hole) traps when the surfaces with IPb (PbI) antisite defects are negatively (positively) charged. These are in sharp contrast to the conventional viewpoint that electron (hole) traps are induced by positively (negatively) charged defects. The reasons are discovered through Bader charge analysis, suggesting that there is deficient (excessive) electron charge in the vicinity of the IPb (PbI) defects with respect to the case in pristine surface of FAPbI3 material. Such understanding is then used as guidelines for effectively healing the anomalous IPb (PbI) antisite defects according to Lewis acid‐base chemistry, which is exampled by passivating theophylline (C60) molecules on defective surfaces of the FAPbI3 material.
Enzymatic Treatment of Lignin in Alkaline Homogeneous Systems: A Review on Alkaliphilic Laccases
Authors: Delugeau Lou , Grelier Stéphane , Peruch Frédéric 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis short review explores the enzymatic treatment of lignin in alkaline homogeneous systems, focusing on alkaliphilic laccases. In acidic conditions, native laccases are known to promote lignin polymerization, while the addition of mediators enables depolymerization into valuable small molecules. Alkaliphilic laccases, which remain active in basic pH where the vast majority of industrial lignins are soluble, present an interesting alternative. However, the literature shows varied outcomes – polymerization, depolymerization, or both processes – making it difficult to draw clear trends. This review aims to summarize the current state of the art of the enzymatic treatment of lignin in alkaline conditions.
Artificial Intelligence‐Enabled Fully Echoed Q‐Routing and Adaptive Directional Medium Access Control Protocol for Flying Ad‐Hoc Networks
Authors: Prabhakar Prajith , Yokesh V. , Aruchamy Prasanth , Nanthakumar Sathish 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn today's world, communication is critical to multi‐UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) system design, enabling UAVs to collaborate and operate cohesively. UAVs generally rely on infrastructure‐based communication through ground stations or satellites. However, this approach has numerous limitations, particularly in multi‐UAV systems. Ad hoc networking among UAVs offers a solution by allowing direct communication without needing fixed infrastructure. This work introduces two innovative protocols: Artificial Intelligence‐enabled Fully Echoed Q‐Routing (AI‐FEQ) and Position‐Prediction‐based directional MAC (PPMAC) protocols for improving the performance of multi‐UAV systems. These protocols leverage AI techniques like unsupervised, supervised, and reinforcement learning to make intelligent decisions regarding topology formation, maintenance, and routing management. Furthermore, the proposed AI algorithm will enhance the development and sustainability of Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET) topologies that help to enlarge the communication efficiency and reliability of multi‐UAV systems. The simulation results reveal that the proposed AI‐FEQ protocol achieves an impressive network density association of 90% and minimal data transmission latency of 4.9 s as compared to the existing protocols.
Clinical decision points for two plasma p‐tau217 laboratory developed tests in neuropathology confirmed samples
Authors: Mammel Anna E. , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Mousavi Ali , Hallett Kelsey , Mackenzie Ian R. , Hirsch‐Reinshagen Veronica , Biehl Don , Gill Pradip , Encarnacion Mary , Frykman Hans 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe evaluated the diagnostic performance of two commercial plasma p‐tau217 immunoassays compared to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing and neuropathology.METHODSOne hundred and seventy plasma samples from the University of British Columbia Hospital Clinic for Alzheimer's (AD) and Related Disorders were analyzed for p‐tau217 using Fujirebio and ALZpath assays. Decision points were determined using CSF testing and autopsy findings as the standard.RESULTSFujirebio and ALZpath p‐tau217 had similar overall analytical and clinical performance, with distinct decision points for each assay. Based on autopsy findings, both p‐tau217 assays identified individuals with AD from other neurodegenerative diseases (ALZpath area under the curve [AUC] = 0.94, Fujirebio AUC = 0.90). The ALZpath assay detected AD pathology at milder disease stages compared to the Fujirebio assay.DISCUSSIONOur study reinforces the clinical utility of plasma p‐tau217 as an AD biomarker. Differences in test performance and clinical decision points suggest an assay‐specific diagnostic approach is required for plasma p‐tau217 in clinical practice.Highlights
Two commercially available p‐tau217 immunoassays (ALZpath and Fujirebio) showed equal performance based on CSF testing.
ALZpath p‐tau217 showed higher performance compared to Fujirebio p‐tau217 based on AD diagnosis by neuropathology confirmation.
Specific plasma p‐tau217 assays may require distinct decision points for AD screening, diagnosis, and disease progression monitoring.
Multiwell plate integrated with transparent liquid marbles for 3D cell culturing
Authors: Lin Xiao , Duan Mei , Zhang Hui , Jiang Haohao , Liu Heng , Pang Xianglong , Tian Wenjun , Yun Chenxi , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of 3D cell culturing toward labor saving and versatility is highly desired. Here, we propose a platform consisting of a multiwell plate and liquid marbles (LMs). The inner walls of the plate are covered with particle‐detachable superhydrophobic coatings that serve as both the substrates and particle sources for LM production. A produced LM, which serves as a minireactor for the 3D culture, features a monolayer nanoparticulate shell and naked‐droplet‐like transparency. The LM‐in‐plate platform provides a double‐superhydrophobic environment that increases the stability of the 3D culture and reduces the necessary operational cautions. In addition, both cell observation and high‐throughput applications can be conducted in situ, owing to the high LM transparency and the multiwell structure, respectively. This platform integrates the advantages of naked droplets (transparent and clean), LMs (stable non‐wetting), and multiwell plates (high‐throughput capability) and thus is promising for labor‐saving and versatile 3D culturing.
Similar Conditions With Opposite Effects: Predation‐Risk Effects on Prey Abundance Are Highly Contingent
Authors: Peacor Scott D. , Cressler Clayton E. , Pangle Kevin L. , Rafalski Alexandra V. , Song Chao , Werner Earl E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExperiments have shown that predation‐risk effects on prey fitness can be highly contingent on environmental conditions, suggesting a potential difficulty in generalizing risk effects on prey abundance in natural settings. Rather than study the influence of a particular controlled factor, we examine the problem with a novel approach. We examined the influence of risk effects in multiple experiments performed under similar study conditions. Any differences in the experiments would typically be deemed incidental, that is, they would not be given attention in methodology, nor be presented as factors affecting results or inferences. Therefore, any differences in the magnitude and direction of risk effects among experiments would indicate that risk effects on prey population abundance are strongly influenced by context in natural communities. The multiple experiments were conducted under similar conditions, objectives, measurables and implementation, and captured much of the complexity of natural systems (e.g., they were performed with diverse prey assemblages (≥ 11 taxa) over multiple prey generations). Our results highlight the potentially profound context dependence of risk effects: risk effects on the density of some zooplankton species varied between a significant negative effect in one experiment to a significant positive effect in another, whereas other species showed significant negative or positive effects in one experiment and no effect in another. We review mechanisms that could underlie risk effects having opposite effects on the same prey. Our findings illustrate that risk effects observed in one study may not hold, even for the same species in the same system.
Model‐based variance partitioning for statistical ecology
Authors: Schulz Torsti , Saastamoinen Marjo , Vanhatalo Jarno 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVariance partitioning is a common tool for statistical analysis and interpretation in both observational and experimental studies in ecology. Its popularity has led to a proliferation of methods with sometimes confusing or contradicting interpretations. Here, we present variance partitioning in a model‐based Bayesian framework as a general tool for summarizing and interpreting regression‐like models to produce additional insight on ecological studies compared with what traditional parameter inference of these models on its own can reveal. For example, we propose predictive variance partitioning as a tool to extend sample‐based analyses to analyses of whole populations or predictive scenarios. We also extend variance partitioning to encompass partitioning of variance within and between ecologically relevant subgroups of the observations, or the whole population of interest, to provide information on how the relative roles of processes underlying the study system may vary depending on the environmental or ecological context. We discuss the role of correlated covariates and random effects and highlight uncertainty quantification in variance partitioning. To showcase the utility of our approach, we present a case study comprising a simple occupancy model for a metapopulation of the Glanville fritillary butterfly. As a result, we demonstrate model‐based variance partitioning as a general and rigorous statistical tool to gain more insight from ecological data.
An experimental test of eco‐evolutionary dynamics on rocky shores
Authors: Longman Emily K. , Sanford Eric 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA growing body of theoretical studies and laboratory experiments has focused attention on reciprocal feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes. However, uncertainty remains about whether such eco‐evolutionary feedbacks have an important or negligible influence on natural communities. Thus, recent discussions call for field experiments that explore whether selection on phenotypic variation within populations leads to contemporaneous effects on community dynamics. To help fill this gap, in this study, we test the hypothesis that selection on consumer traits in a population of predatory drilling snails can drive eco‐evolutionary dynamics in a rocky intertidal community in California, USA. We first conducted a laboratory selection experiment to raise newly hatched dogwhelks (Nucella canaliculata) on four diet treatments encompassing a range of prey species and shell thicknesses. Snails that survived to adulthood under these diet treatments differed in their capacity to drill thick‐shelled mussels. Dogwhelks from these treatment groups were then outplanted to intertidal field cages for 1 year to test whether groups experiencing selection differed in their effects on mussel bed succession. As expected, succession proceeded most rapidly in the reference treatment with dogwhelks excluded. However, successional patterns differed minimally among dogwhelks raised under the different diet treatments. Thus, although our laboratory results suggest that prey can impose selection that leads to rapid adaptation and divergent consumer traits, these feedbacks were not strong enough to result in clear community effects in the field. We propose that a limited range of variation in functional traits within populations, moderate strengths of selection, and a background of substantial abiotic and biotic variation may all act to dampen the potential for strong eco‐evolutionary dynamics in this and many other natural communities.
Ecological and anthropogenic drivers of local extinction and colonization of giant pandas over the past 30 years
Authors: Tang Junfeng , Swaisgood Ronald R. , Owen Megan A. , Zhao Xuzhe , Wei Wei , Hong Mingsheng , Zhou Hong , Zhang Jindong , Zhang Zejun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the patterns and drivers of species range shifts is essential to disentangle mechanisms driving species' responses to global change. Here, we quantified local extinction and colonization dynamics of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using occurrence data collected by harnessing the labor of >1000 workers and >60,000 worker days for each of the three periods (TP1: 1985–1988, TP2: 1998–2002, and TP3: 2011–2014), and evaluated how these patterns were associated with (1) protected area, (2) local rarity/abundance, and (3) abiotic factors (i.e., climate, land‐use, and topography). We documented a decreased rate (from 0.433 during TP1–TP2 to 0.317 during TP2–TP3) of local extinction and a relatively stable rate (from 0.060 during TP1–TP2 to 0.056 during TP2–TP3) of local colonization through time. Furthermore, the occupancy gains have exceeded losses by a ratio of approximately 1.5 to 1, illustrating an expansion of panda's range at a rate of 1408.3 km2/decade. We also found that pandas were more likely to become locally extinct outside of protected areas, when locally rare in surrounding areas, and when certain biotic conditions were not met (e.g., increased forest cover). Local colonization was less likely in areas with high local rarity, challenging biotic conditions and unprotected area status. As the network of panda reserves expanded and the forest matured, the relative importance of other factors such as climate, biotic factors, and land‐use became more influential in determining patterns of local extinction and colonization. Our findings provide insights into the factors governing the expansion of panda's range and illustrate how the relative influence of biotic and abiotic factors can change over time, indicating that effective conservation intervention may be able to mitigate some of the negative impacts of climate change and habitat degradation. This insight extends beyond pandas and highlights the role of conservation interventions can play in building resilience under a changing climate.
Do wood‐boring beetles influence the flammability of deadwood?
Authors: Zhang Shudong , Dekker Francina , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlobal warming increases the risk of wildfire and insect outbreaks, potentially reducing the carbon storage function of coarse woody debris (CWD). There is an increasing focus on the interactive effects of wildfire and insect infestation on forest carbon, but the impact of wood‐boring beetle tunnels via their effect on the flammability of deadwood remains unexplored. We hypothesized that the presence of beetle holes, at natural densities, can affect its flammability positively through increased surface area and enhanced oxygen availability in the wood. To test this, wood‐boring beetle holes were mimicked experimentally in decaying logs of two coniferous species, and flammability variables of these treated logs were compared. We found that wood‐boring beetles partly increased the flammability of CWD of both species (via promoting deadwood smoldering combustion) when their holes were parallel with the airflow. Even when accounting for the influences of wood density and cracks, these radial holes continued to have a notable impact on deadwood flammability. While these holes did not make the wildfire more intense, they significantly increased carbon loss during combustion. This suggests that wood‐boring beetles will enhance carbon release from deadwood into the atmosphere during wildfire.
Impact of Local Extent of Tumor on the Survival Outcomes for Surgically Treated Tongue Cancers
Authors: Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Sinha Shwetabh , Shetty Rathan , Joshi Poonam , Nair Sudhir Vasudevan , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe current classification of tongue cancers does not discriminate stages based on factors of local spread.AimIntegrating factors of local spread that impact disease‐specific survival (DSS) in a modified classification to improve prognostication compared with the current staging.MethodThis was a retrospective analysis of 399 previously untreated oral tongue squamous carcinomas operated between 2016 and 2018. Factors related to the local extent of a primary tumor that impacted the DSS were studied. Multivariable analyses adjusted for pT, pN stage, and adjuvant therapy. Candidate staging systems were developed based on factors that significantly impacted DSS, and validated.ResultBase tongue involvement (p = 0.021), DOI > 20 mm (p value = 0.040), and tumor crossing the midline (p value = 0.047) significantly impacted the DSS. The preferred model included base tongue involvement in T3 stage, and DOI > 20 mm and tumor crossing the midline into T4 stage (Model 2), which was superior to the current classification system in AIC (830.55 vs. 845.43), C‐index (0.65 vs. 0.61), and visual inspection of Kaplan–Meier curves.ConclusionIdentifying and possibly including these clinical factors in addition to the current T‐stage criteria could result in better prognostication of tongue cancers.SignificanceIntegration of proposed classification could improve the discrimination between stages.
Extracellular vesicles from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells promote leukemia aggressiveness by inducing the differentiation of monocytes into nurse‐like cells via an RNA‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Dubois Nathan , Van Morckhoven David , Tilleman Laurentijn , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Bron Dominique , Lagneaux Laurence , Stamatopoulos Basile 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells receive several stimuli from surrounding cells, such as B‐cell receptor (BCR) stimulation, and can manipulate their microenvironment via extracellular vesicle (EV) release. Here, we investigated the small RNA content (microRNA and YRNA) of CLL‐EVs from leukemic cells cultured with/without BCR stimulation. We highlight an increase of miR‐155‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, and miR‐132‐3p in EVs and in cells after BCR stimulation (p < 0.05, n = 25). CLL‐EVs were preferentially internalized by monocytes (p = 0.0019, n = 6) and able to deliver microRNAs and the hY4 RNA. Furthermore, BCR CLL‐EV induced modifications in monocytes (shape change, microRNA and gene expression, secretome) suggesting nurse‐like cell (NLC) differentiation, the tumor‐associated macrophages of CLL. Functionally, monocytes treated with BCR CLL‐EVs protect CLL cells from spontaneous apoptosis by pro‐survival cytokine production and induce their migration as well as the migration of other immune cells. We finally reported by transfection experiments that hY4 is able to induce the expression of CCL24, a key gene in M2 macrophage differentiation. In conclusion, we showed that BCR stimulation modifies the small RNA content of CLL‐EVs and that the addition of leukemic EVs to monocytes leads to monocyte differentiation into NLCs establishing a protective microenvironment that supports leukemic cell survival.
The Future Hospital in Global Health Systems: The Future Hospital Within the Healthcare System
Authors: Sebire N. J. , Adams A. , Celi L. , Charlesworth A. , Gorgens M. , Gorsky M. , Landeg O. , Nagasawa Y. , Nimako K. T. , Onoka C. , Roder‐DeWan S. , Watts N. , McKee M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFuture hospitals must be able to adapt in many ways to the changing demands on their roles and functions within evolving healthcare delivery infrastructures. These include changing population structures and needs, new models of healthcare provision, technological advances, and innovations in design, all while enhancing their environmental sustainability. This article sets out the issues that those determining healthcare policy and designing future hospitals must consider if they are to become and remain fit for purpose within the wider health and social care system. It also examines the need for, and challenges to, strategic healthcare planning, creating future hospitals that are sustainable, net‐zero carbon organisations, and ensuring resilience in the face of a range of potential shocks. Future hospitals play a crucial role in healthcare worldwide, regardless of the country's income level. Hospitals cannot be viewed without broader health system changes, infrastructure, community and cultural factors, staffing and other considerations. We anticipate that future hospitals will enhance population health in all settings and support the move towards more consumer‐centric healthcare. We urge clinical and policy planners to consider the factors discussed carefully to maximise the benefits.
Fertility preservation in cancer patients: Data collection, analysis, and continuous improvement of cryostorage
Authors: Mocanu Edgar , Barnea Eytan R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractData collection from all referred patients allows continuous learning and improvement of services. Patient safety and return for cancer therapy takes priority in all oncofertility services. In certain cases, the intervention for female patients is contraindicated and, aside from extensive counseling, alternative methods of preserving fertility should be explored. Long‐term follow‐up of these patients provides answers to many questions that remain unanswered to date. An annual audit should be performed and contact with the oncology services and with patients that attended for cryopreservation must be routine.
Perceptions and Use of Extended‐Duration Exposure Therapy Amongst Psychologists
Authors: Caton Rebecca , Graham Bronwyn M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundExtended‐duration exposure therapy, in which treatment is delivered over a single prolonged session or cluster of long‐duration sessions, is a highly efficacious and efficient treatment for anxiety disorders such as specific phobias. Despite this, little is known about the use of extended‐duration exposure therapy in clinical practice.MethodsIn the present study we investigated the perceptions and use of extended‐duration exposure therapy amongst a sample of Australian psychologists via a survey, and the Therapist Beliefs about Exposure Scale. Additionally, we compared theoretical understanding of exposure therapy, and therapy delivery strategies (using a case study vignette), between psychologists who deliver exposure therapy via an extended‐duration mode, versus the more traditional multi‐session mode.ResultsExtended‐duration exposure therapy is widely underutilised, and this is associated with negative beliefs about exposure therapy in general, as well as several practical barriers. There were no differences in the reported theoretical mechanisms of exposure therapy between those who do and do not use extended‐duration exposure therapy. However, psychologists who use extended‐duration exposure therapy reported greater use of strategies with demonstrated efficacy (e.g., more intense delivery) and less use of therapy‐interfering strategies (e.g., distress reduction techniques) relative to those who do not use extended‐duration exposure therapy.ConclusionThese findings identify potential mechanisms accounting for extended‐duration exposure therapy's efficiency and point to strategies that may increase the uptake of extended‐duration exposure therapy in clinical practice.