bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbance ecology in human societies
Authors: Pausas Juli G. , Leverkus Alexandro B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe define societal disturbances as discrete events that abruptly disrupt the functioning of human societies. There is a variety of such events, including hurricanes, floods, epidemics, nuclear accidents, earthquakes and wars, among others. These disturbances can interact, further increasing their impacts. The severity of disturbances does not only depend on their intrinsic properties (type, intensity and magnitude) but also greatly on human aspects (socioeconomic, historical, political and cultural aspects that define vulnerability).Very large or severe disturbances are infrequent and unpredictable. Yet societal disturbances are intrinsic to human societies; they have occurred through the entire human history and will continue to occur in the future. We can increase preparedness and recovery capacity but cannot avoid disturbances. The type, regime and scale of disturbances change with the development of societies. The increase in population density and complexity also increases the severity of many disturbances.Societal disturbances can temporarily disrupt the functioning of societies. However, when those disturbances are frequent, societies adapt to them and thus disturbances contribute to shape cultural evolution. That is, societal disturbances have a cost at short temporal scales, but they can build up resilience at mid‐ to long‐term scales.Understanding this dynamic view of human systems is becoming more important as climate is changing, humans are overexploiting natural resources and humanity is dense and hyperconnected. We need to take advantage of frequent small disturbances, as they can build resilience and reduce the likelihood of infrequent large and severe disturbances. Our challenge is to encourage actions and policies to be prepared for unknown, unpredictable and unprecedented (infrequent) large‐scale societal disturbances that will surely arrive.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Synthesis and optimization of collagen‐targeting peptide‐glycosaminoglycans for inhibition of platelets following endothelial injury
Authors: Nguyen Michael , Walimbe Tanaya , Woolley Andrew , Paderi John , Panitch Alyssa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany endothelial complications, whether from surgical or pathological origins, can result in the denudation of the endothelial layer and the exposure of collagen. Exposure of collagen results in the activation of platelets, leading to thrombotic and inflammatory cascades that ultimately result in vessel stenosis. We have previously reported the use of peptide‐glycosaminoglycan (GAG) compounds to target exposed collagen following endothelial injury. In this paper, we optimize the spacer sequence of our collagen‐binding peptide to increase its conjugation to GAG backbones and increase the peptide‐GAG collagen‐binding affinity by increasing peptide C‐terminal cationic charge. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of these molecules to inhibit platelet activation through collagen blocking, as well as their localization to exposed vascular collagen following systemic delivery. Altogether, optimization of peptide sequence and linkage chemistry can allow for increased conjugation and function, having implications for glycoconjugate use in other clinical applications.
Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals novel roles of cAMP in plants
Authors: Domingo Guido , Marsoni Milena , Chiodaroli Luca , Fortunato Stefania , Bracale Marcella , De Pinto Maria Concetta , Gehring Chris , Vannini Candida 
Published: June 2023

Abstract3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is finally recognized as an essential signaling molecule in plants where cAMP‐dependent processes include responses to hormones and environmental stimuli. To better understand the role of 3′,5′‐cAMP at the systems level, we have undertaken a phosphoproteomic analysis to elucidate the cAMP‐dependent response of tobacco BY‐2 cells. These cells overexpress a molecular “sponge” that buffers free intracellular cAMP level. The results show that, firstly, in vivo cAMP dampening profoundly affects the plant kinome and notably mitogen‐activated protein kinases, receptor‐like kinases, and calcium‐dependent protein kinases, thereby modulating the cellular responses at the systems level. Secondly, buffering cAMP levels also affects mRNA processing through the modulation of the phosphorylation status of several RNA‐binding proteins with roles in splicing, including many serine and arginine‐rich proteins. Thirdly, cAMP‐dependent phosphorylation targets appear to be conserved among plant species. Taken together, these findings are consistent with an ancient role of cAMP in mRNA processing and cellular programming and suggest that unperturbed cellular cAMP levels are essential for cellular homeostasis and signaling in plant cells.
Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide through Selective Oxygen Reduction: A Carbon Innovation from Active Site Engineering to Device Design
Authors: Zhang Qingran , Chen Yinguang , Pan Jian , Daiyan Rahman , Lovell Emma C. , Yun Jimmy , Amal Rose , Lu Xunyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the selective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a promising alternative to the energy‐intensive anthraquinone method, while its success relies largely on the development of efficient electrocatalyst. Currently, carbon‐based materials (CMs) are the most widely studied electrocatalysts for electrosynthesis of H2O2 via ORR due to their low cost, earth abundance, and tunable catalytic properties. To achieve a high 2e− ORR selectivity, great progress is made in promoting the performance of carbon‐based electrocatalysts and unveiling their underlying catalytic mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review in the field is presented by summarizing the recent advances in CMs for H2O2 production, focusing on the design, fabrication, and mechanism investigations over the catalytic active moieties, where an enhancement effect of defect engineering or heteroatom doping on H2O2 selectivity is discussed thoroughly. Particularly, the influence of functional groups on CMs for a 2e−‐pathway is highlighted. Further, for commercial perspectives, the significance of reactor design for decentralized H2O2 production is emphasized, bridging the gap between intrinsic catalytic properties and apparent productivity in electrochemical devices. Finally, major challenges and opportunities for the practical electrosynthesis of H2O2 and future research directions are proposed.
Damage mechanism and damage evaluation of PC box girder bridge subjected to overheight vehicle impact
Authors: Jing Yuan , Wu Ya , Zhao Yu , Zhou Yongjun , Yao Tianyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccidental collisions from overheight vehicles often result in significant damage of bridges. To ensure the safety of the bridge structure, it is essential to develop a method to evaluate the damage caused by these impact loadings. This study aims to investigate the damage mechanism of a prestressed concrete (PC) box girder bridge subjected to overheight vehicle impact using the finite element analysis method. Parametric analyses were performed to study the effects of various factors on the impact force and deformation performance of the bridge. In addition, a damage assessment formula, based on the vertical residual bearing capacity, is proposed to evaluate the damage state of the impacted PC box girder. A mass–velocity (m–v) curve is developed to characterize the damage levels of the impacted PC girder under different vehicle velocity and mass conditions. Then, a theoretical equation for predicting the maximum impact force during the vehicle‐bridge collision is developed. The numerical analysis results show that vehicle‐related parameters have a significant influence on both impact force and local damage of the PC box girder bridge. The proposed mass–velocity (m–v) curve can be used to evaluate the damage state of the PC box girder by relating the performance levels of the girder to each damage index. Moreover, the predicted maximum impact force can be used as an important index to assess the extent of the local damage of the PC box girder.
Assessment of expected production of a deep‐sea mining system: An integrated model‐based systems engineering and discrete event simulation approach
Authors: Solheim Astrid V. , Rauzy Antoine B. , Brett Per Olaf , Ellefmo Steinar , Hatling Tonje , Helmons Rudy , Asbjørnslett Bjørn Egil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) and discrete event simulation (DES) are combined to assess the performance of an offshore production system at an early stage. Various systems engineering tools are applied to an industrial case concerning the retrieval of deep‐sea minerals, and a simulation engine is developed to calculate the annual production output. A mean production of 1 Million tonnes of ore per year is estimated for an operation in the Norwegian Sea using Monte Carlo simulation. Depending on the limiting design wave height of the marine operations, the estimated production output ranges from 280,000 tonnes to 1.8 Million tonnes per year. The constrained parameter of the production system is particularly the wave height operational limit of the ship‐to‐ship transfer operation. We present the learning outcome from applying MBSE and DES to this case and discuss important aspects for improved performance.
Integrating comparative morphology and development into evolutionary research
Authors: Jeiter Julius , Smets Erik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComparative morphology was for many years the main source of information for systematic studies. As a result of the molecular revolution in evolutionary botanical research in the early 1990s, we can now rely on a system of classification based primarily or exclusively on DNA. Nevertheless, we would like to emphasise the importance of morphology in this era of molecular phylogenetics. We argue that comparative morphology, using the latest technologies and developmental studies, is a modern and important scientific discipline that is essential to better understand evolution of the angiosperms and many other taxa. This paper also offers a guideline for emerging morphologists and phylogeneticists aiming to include morphology in their research.
Pyometra in a puppy after first oestrus
Authors: Loh Jun Ren , Sullivan Louise , Maticka Natalie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA 7‐month‐old, female, entire Maltese × Shih Tzu × Bichon Frise puppy was presented for vomiting, diarrhoea, inappetence and lethargy. On physical examination, abdominal pain and purulent vulvar discharge was noted. Vital signs were within normal limits. Abdominal radiographs and abdominal ultrasound revealed an enlarged, fluid‐filled uterus. Ovariohysterectomy was performed, and pyometra was confirmed on histopathology of the uterus. The puppy made a full recovery with no complications. This case report aims to raise awareness among readers that pyometra can occur independently in puppies in the absence of underlying cystic endometrial hyperplasia and highlights the importance of visual inspection of the external genitalia during physical examination, especially in entire animals.
3D‐printed model of a femur fracture and treatment with plate osteosynthesis in a red‐eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Uygur Sencer , Qoti Fati , Yildiz Merve , Doğan Atilla 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA 7‐year‐old, female, red‐eared slider turtle was presented with proximal diaphyseal oblique femoral fracture due to falling out of bed. A preoperative evaluation with computed tomography was performed to evaluate the fracture anatomy of the femur. The appropriate implant selection was decided upon the three‐dimensional printed model before the plate osteosynthesis. Follow‐up time for the patient was 6 months and the functional outcome was considered excellent. In conclusion, three‐dimensional printing before plate osteosynthesis has many advantages on the success rate by shortening the operation time in extraordinary orthopaedic patients, such as the red‐eared slider turtle.
Design principles and applications of synthetic self‐replicating RNAs
Authors: Wagner Alexander , Mutschler Hannes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the advent of ever more sophisticated methods for the in vitro synthesis and the in vivo delivery of RNAs, synthetic mRNAs have gained substantial interest both for medical applications, as well as for biotechnology. However, in most biological systems exogeneous mRNAs possess only a limited half‐life, especially in fast dividing cells. In contrast, viral RNAs can extend their lifetime by actively replicating inside their host. As such they may serve as scaffolds for the design of synthetic self‐replicating RNAs (srRNA), which can be used to increase both the half‐life and intracellular concentration of coding RNAs. Synthetic srRNAs may be used to enhance recombinant protein expression or induce the reprogramming of differentiated cells into pluripotent stem cells but also to create cell‐free systems for research based on experimental evolution. In this article, we discuss the applications and design principles of srRNAs used for cellular reprogramming, mRNA‐based vaccines and tools for synthetic biology.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
Reconciling collider signals, dark matter, and the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the supersymmetric U(1)R × U(1)B−L model
Authors: Dehghani Parham , Frank Mariana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the low-scale predictions of the supersymmetric model extended by U(1)R × U(1)B−L symmetry, obtained by breaking SO(10) symmetry at GUT scale via a left-right supersymmetric model. Two new singlet Higgs fields $$ \left({\upchi}_R,{\overline{\upchi}}_R\right) $$

χ
R

χ
¯

R

are responsible for the U(1)R × U(1)B−L symmetry breaking to the standard model gauge group. We explore the phenomenology of this model by assuming universal and non-universal boundary conditions at the GUT scale and their effects in obtaining consistency among low-energy observables, dark matter experiments, muon magnetic moment measurements, and Z′ phenomenology. We examine different scenarios with both the lightest neutralino and sneutrino mass eigenstates as dark matter candidates. We explore the collider signals of various scenarios by including relevant benchmarks and exploring their significance versus standard model background. To complement our analysis, we perform recasting of several LHC analyses to verify the credibility of the benchmarks. We find that relaxing the universality conditions at MGUT can significantly improve the agreement of the model against the experimental bounds. While the muon anomalous magnetic moment is found to be the most challenging observable to fit within the model, we identify, allowing for non-universality at the GUT scale, points in the parameter space consistent within 2σ from the average measured value.
Bayesian uncertainty quantification of perturbative QCD input to the neutron-star equation of state
Authors: Gorda Tyler , Komoltsev Oleg , Kurkela Aleksi , Mazeliauskas Aleksas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The equation of state of neutron-star cores can be constrained by requiring a consistent connection to the perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations at high densities. The constraining power of the QCD input depends on uncertainties from missing higher-order terms, the choice of the unphysical renormalization scale, and the reference density where QCD calculations are performed. Within a Bayesian approach, we discuss the convergence of the perturbative QCD series, quantify its uncertainties at high densities, and present a framework to systematically propagate the uncertainties down to neutron-star densities. We find that the effect of the QCD input on the neutron-star inference is insensitive to the various unphysical choices made in the uncertainty estimation.
Investigation of the cleaning performance of commercial orthodontic cleaning tablets regarding biofilm removal on PMMA test specimens
Authors: Arndt-Fink A. , Jost-Brinkmann P.-G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this ex vivo study was to compare the cleaning performance of three commercially available orthodontic cleaners on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) test specimens covered with biofilm.

Methods
Twenty subjects wore an individually manufactured vacuum-formed maxillary splint with four integrated PMMA test specimens for 7 days. The four test specimens were located on the buccal surfaces of the maxillary molars. After a 7-day wearing period, the PMMA test specimens colonized by biofilm were divided into two halves. One half was placed in 150 ml of tap water or in 150 ml of cleaning solution of the cleaners Retainer Brite® (Dentsply International Raintree Essix, Sarasota, FL, USA), Kukis® Xpress (Reckitt Benckiser, Heidelberg, Germany) or Dontodent (Propack, Heidelberg, Germany) while the other half remained uncleaned. The modified o‑phthaldialdehyde (OPA) method was used to determine the amount of protein on both halves of the test specimens. The difference was tested for significance as a measure of the cleaning effect using a paired sample t‑test.

Results
The cleaning performance of the three orthodontic cleaners was higher than the cleaning performance of tap water (mean 25.9 ± 6.5%). While Retainer Brite® (mean 54.5 ± 7.1%) removed significantly more biofilm than Dontodent (mean 41.5 ± 9.2%, p < 0.001) and Kukis® Xpress (mean 39.9 ± 11.5%, p < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the cleaning performance between Kukis® Xpress and Dontodent (p = 1).

Conclusion
Seven-day-old biofilm is only removed partially by the investigated orthodontic cleaners, so that they are not suitable as the only measure for removing established biofilms.
Die Bedeutung der Konzepte One Health und Planetary Health für die Umweltmedizin im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Zschachlitz Tomke , Kümpfel Romy , Niemann Hildegard , Straff Wolfgang 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIm 21. Jahrhundert führt eine Anhäufung komplexer Krisen wie Klimawandel, Biodiversitätsverlust, Umweltverschmutzungen, Kriege und Pandemien zu ökonomischen, sozialen und gesundheitlichen Problemen für Menschen jetziger und zukünftiger Generationen. Diese Probleme sind im Wesentlichen auf die Missachtung natürlicher Regenerationskapazitäten von Ökosystemen zurückzuführen. Gesundheitsansätze wie One Health und Planetary Health haben seit Beginn der 2000er-Jahre an Popularität gewonnen und finden verstärkt Anwendung in der Politik, der Wissenschaft und in den Gesundheitsberufen. Auch die Umweltmedizin wird durch die wachsende Zahl von Krisen und Umweltproblemen sowie das zunehmende Interesse an den Konzepten One Health und Planetary Health beeinflusst.In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag wird zunächst die Entwicklung der beiden Konzepte dargestellt. Danach wird auf ihre Bedeutung für die Umweltmedizin eingegangen. Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die sich mit umweltmedizinischen Themen befassen, müssen bei der Beurteilung von Umwelteinflüssen heute sowohl lokale als auch globale Ursachen und Gesundheitseffekte bedenken, was Entscheidungen komplizierter machen und zu Zielkonflikten führen kann.
Application of artificial intelligence: risk perception and trust in the work context with different impact levels and task types
Authors: Klein Uwe , Depping Jana , Wohlfahrt Laura , Fassbender Pantaleon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFollowing the studies of Araujo et al. (AI Soc 35:611–623, 2020) and Lee (Big Data Soc 5:1–16, 2018), this empirical study uses two scenario-based online experiments. The sample consists of 221 subjects from Germany, differing in both age and gender. The original studies are not replicated one-to-one. New scenarios are constructed as realistically as possible and focused on everyday work situations. They are based on the AI acceptance model of Scheuer (Grundlagen intelligenter KI-Assistenten und deren vertrauensvolle Nutzung. Springer, Wiesbaden, 2020) and are extended by individual descriptive elements of AI systems in comparison to the original studies. The first online experiment examines decisions made by artificial intelligence with varying degrees of impact. In the high-impact scenario, applicants are automatically selected for a job and immediately received an employment contract. In the low-impact scenario, three applicants are automatically invited for another interview. In addition, the relationship between age and risk perception is investigated. The second online experiment tests subjects’ perceived trust in decisions made by artificial intelligence, either semi-automatically through the assistance of human experts or fully automatically in comparison. Two task types are distinguished. The task type that requires “human skills”—represented as a performance evaluation situation—and the task type that requires “mechanical skills”—represented as a work distribution situation. In addition, the extent of negative emotions in automated decisions is investigated. The results are related to the findings of Araujo et al. (AI Soc 35:611–623, 2020) and Lee (Big Data Soc 5:1–16, 2018). Implications for further research activities and practical relevance are discussed.
Workflow for shake flask and plate cultivations with fats for polyhydroxyalkanoate bioproduction
Authors: Riedel Sebastian L. , Donicz Ewelina N. , Ferré-Aparicio Paula , Santolin Lara , Marbà-Ardébol Anna-Maria , Neubauer Peter , Junne Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Since natural resources for the bioproduction of commodity chemicals are scarce, waste animal fats (WAF) are an interesting alternative biogenic residual feedstock. They appear as by-product from meat production, but several challenges are related to their application: first, the high melting points (up to 60 °C); and second, the insolubility in the polar water phase of cultivations. This leads to film and clump formation in shake flasks and microwell plates, which inhibits microbial consumption. In this study, different flask and well designs were investigated to identify the most suitable experimental set-up and further to create an appropriate workflow to achieve the required reproducibility of growth and product synthesis. The dissolved oxygen concentration was measured in-line throughout experiments. It became obvious that the gas mass transfer differed strongly among the shake flask design variants in cultivations with the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulating organism Ralstonia eutropha. A high reproducibility was achieved for certain flask or well plate design variants together with tailored cultivation conditions. Best results were achieved with bottom baffled glass and bottom baffled single-use shake flasks with flat membranes, namely, >6 g L-1 of cell dry weight (CDW) with >80 wt% polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from 1 wt% WAF. Improved pre-emulsification conditions for round microwell plates resulted in a production of 14 g L-1 CDW with a PHA content of 70 wt% PHB from 3 wt% WAF. The proposed workflow allows the rapid examination of fat material as feedstock, in the microwell plate and shake flask scale, also beyond PHA production.

Key points
• Evaluation of shake flask designs for cultivating with hydrophobic raw materials
• Development of a workflow for microwell plate cultivations with hydrophobic raw materials
• Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate in small scale experiments from waste animal fat

Graphical Abstract