bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and patterns of adverse drug reactions among adult patients hospitalized in the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital: A prospective observational follow-up study
Authors: Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret , Netere Adeladlew Kassie , Tesfaye Samuel , Dagnew Ephrem Mebratu , Belachew Eyayaw Ashete 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) have continued to be a public health challenge with significant clinical and healthcare costs. However, little is known regarding the incidence of ADR in Ethiopia, particularly in the study setting. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and patterns of ADRs in patients admitted to the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital (UoGCSH).MethodsA prospective observational follow-up study was conducted on admitted patients at the medical ward in the UoGCSH from May to August 2022. A multifaceted approach involving daily chart review and patient interviews was employed to collect the data. A standard Naranjo ADR Probability Scale measuring tool was used to characterize the probability of existing ADR. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between the occurrence of ADRs and other variables. A p-value at the 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.ResultsThis study included 237 participants in total. The average length of follow-up was 16.4 (±5.2) days. Overall, 65 ADRs were identified, resulting an incidence rate of 27.4 (95% CI: 19.8–30.4) per 100 admissions. The most common ADRs were hypokalemia (10.7%), followed by constipation, diarrhea, hypotension, and rash (9.2% each). The majority of these ADRs (73.8%) were classified as "definite" by the Naranjo ADR probability scale. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (41.5%) and metabolic (18.6%) were the most frequently exposed systems for ADR. Antibiotics (26.2%) and cardiovascular medications (24.7%) were the most frequently implicated medications in existing ADRs. ADRs were significantly associated with age (p = 0.035), the presence of comorbidities (p = 0.021) and complications (p = 0.008), and receiving a higher number of medications (p = 0.04).ConclusionIn this study, ADR was identified in about one-fourth of the participants. Older patients, patients with comorbidities and complications, and patients who received a higher number of medications were more likely exposed for ADRs. Healthcare providers should strictly follow the admitted patients to minimize ADRs.
Maternal mental-health treatment moderates the association between psychological distress and harsh parenting: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Midouhas Emily , Oliver Bonamy R. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
Parental psychological distress (depression, anxiety) is detrimental to child mental health. A key reason for this is that depressed and anxious parents are at risk of engaging in more negative, reactive and harsh parenting. While treatment for psychological distress has a long history of success in adults, less is known about how treatment for parental psychological distress may positively influence parenting behaviours, particularly in the general population. We examined the moderating role of mothers receiving treatment for depression or anxiety on the longitudinal relationship between maternal psychological distress and the development of harsh parenting (smacking and shouting) across early childhood (ages 3 to 7).

Method
Using prospective data from 16,131 families participating in the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study, we conducted moderator analysis within a multilevel repeated measures model to test whether receiving treatment for mental health problems could protect mothers with high psychological distress from engaging in harsh parenting.

Results
In each wave, about 7% of mothers reported undergoing treatment for depression or anxiety at that time. Maternal psychological distress was associated with increased use of harsh parenting and that, adjusting for psychological distress, receiving psychological treatment was related to decreased use of harsh parenting. Importantly, receiving psychological treatment buffered the negative effect of psychological distress on harsh parenting.

Conclusion
In early-to-middle childhood, mental health treatment may help mothers with depression or anxiety to be less harsh toward their children, thereby benefiting their child’s psychological adjustment.
Antigen rapid tests, nasopharyngeal PCR and saliva PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2: A prospective comparative clinical trial
Authors: Schwob Jean-Marc , Miauton Alix , Petrovic Dusan , Perdrix Jean , Senn Nicolas , Gouveia Alexandre , Jaton Katia , Opota Onya , Maillard Alain , Minghelli Gianni , Cornuz Jacques , Greub Gilbert , Genton Blaise , D’Acremont Valérie 
Published: February 2023

Background
Nasopharyngeal antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), saliva RT-PCR and nasopharyngeal (NP) RT-PCR have shown different performance characteristics to detect patients infected by SARS-CoV-2, according to the viral load (VL)—and thus transmissibility.

Methods
In October 2020, we conducted a prospective trial involving patients presenting at testing centres with symptoms of COVID-19. We compared detection rates and performance of RDT, saliva PCR and nasopharyngeal (NP) PCR, according to VL and symptoms duration.

Results
Out of 949 patients enrolled, 928 patients had all three tests performed. Detection rates were 35.2% (95%CI 32.2–38.4%) by RDT, 39.8% (36.6–43.0%) by saliva PCR, 40.1% (36.9–43.3%) by NP PCR, and 41.5% (38.3–44.7%) by any test. For those with viral loads (VL) ≥106 copies/ml, detection rates were 30.3% (27.3–33.3), 31.4% (28.4–34.5), 31.5% (28.5–34.6), and 31.6% (28.6–34.7%) respectively.
Sensitivity of RDT compared to NP PCR was 87.4% (83.6–90.6%) for all positive patients, 94.5% (91.5–96.7%) for those with VL≥105 and 96.5% (93.6–98.3%) for those with VL≥106. Sensitivity of STANDARD-Q®, Panbio™ and COVID-VIRO® Ag tests were 92.9% (86.4–96.9%), 86.1% (78.6–91.7%) and 84.1% (76.9–89.7%), respectively. For those with VL≥106, sensitivity was 96.6% (90.5–99.3%), 97.8% (92.1–99.7%) and 95.3% (89.4–98.5%) respectively. No patient with VL<104 was detected by RDT.
Specificity of RDT was 100% (99.3–100%) compared to any PCR. RDT sensitivity was similar <4 days (87.8%, 83.5–91.3%) and ≥4 days (85.7%, 75.9–92.6%) after symptoms onset (p = 0.6). Sensitivity of saliva and NP PCR were 95.7% (93.1–97.5%) and 96.5% (94.1–98.1%), respectively, compared to the other PCR.

Conclusions
RDT results allow rapid identification of COVID cases with immediate isolation of most contagious individuals. RDT can thus be a game changer both in ambulatory care and community testing aimed at stopping transmission chains, and even more so in resource-constrained settings thanks to its very low price. When PCR is performed, saliva could replace NP swabbing.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04613310 (03/11/2020).
Referral pattern to nephrologist and prognosis in diabetic kidney disease patients: Single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iwata Yukimasa , Hayashi Terumasa , Okushima Hiroki , Uwatoko Ryuta , Takatsuka Taisuke , Yoshimura Daisuke , Kawamura Tomohiro , Iio Rei , Ueda Yoshiyasu , Shoji Tatsuya , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: February 2023

Background
Management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) to prevent end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has become a major challenge for health care professionals. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of patients with DKD when they are first referred to a nephrologist and the subsequent prognoses.

Methods
A total of 307 patients who were referred to our department from October 2010 to September 2014 at Osaka General Medical Center were analyzed. Independent risk factors associated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) and cardiovascular composite events (CVE) following their nephrology referral were later identified using Cox proportional hazards analysis.

Results
Of 307 patients, 26 (8.5%), 67 (21.8%), 134 (43.6%), and 80 (26.1%) patients were categorized as having chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3a, 3b, 4, and 5, respectively. The median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary protein levels were 22.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 2.83 g/gCr, respectively, at the time of the nephrology referral. During the follow-up period (median, 30 months), 121 patients required RRT, and more than half of the patients with CKD stages 5 and 4 reached ESKD within 60 months following their nephrology referral; 30% and <10% of the patients with CKD stages 3b and 3a, respectively, required RRT within 60 months following their nephrology referral.

Conclusion
Patients with DKD were referred to nephrologist at CKD stage 4. Although almost half of the patients with CKD stage 5 at the time of nephrology referral required RRT within one-and-a-half years after the referral, kidney function of patients who were referred to nephrologist at CKD stage 3 and 4 were well preserved.
Low-dose erythromycin in pediatrics: Formulation and stability of 20 mg hard gelatin capsules
Authors: Thevin Patrick , Curti Christophe , Benech Alexandre , Jean Christophe , Lamy Edouard , Castera Ducros Caroline , Primas Nicolas , Bertault-Peres Pierre , Vanelle Patrice 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveErythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is also prescribed off-label in premature neonates as a prokinetic agent. There is no oral formulation with dosage and/or excipients adapted for these high-risk patients.MethodsClinical studies of erythromycin as a prokinetic agent were reviewed. Capsules of 20 milligrams of erythromycin were compounded with microcrystalline cellulose. Erythromycin capsules were analyzed using the chromatographic method described in the United States Pharmacopoeia which was found to be stability-indicating. The stability of 20 mg erythromycin capsules stored protected from light at room temperature was studied for one year.Results20 mg erythromycin capsules have a beyond use date not lower than one year.Conclusion20 milligrams erythromycin capsules can be compounded in batches of 300 unities in hospital pharmacy with a beyond-use-date of one year at ambient temperature protected from light.
Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Li Yanmei , Yuan Fahu , He Xiaohong , Fu Shaohua , Fan Bolin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is substantial evidence for the probiotic activity of anthocyanins, but the relationship between anthocyanins involved in the regulation of microbiota and intestinal inflammation has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRAE) on intestinal microbiota imbalance in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis. DSS was added into drinking water to induce a mouse model of chronic experimental colitis, and BRAE was given by gavage (200 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Body weight, fecal viscosity, and hematochezia were monitored during administration. After mice were sacrificed, the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the composition of intestinal flora was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that BRAE significantly suppressed DSS-induced colonic inflammatory phenotypes and maintained colon length in mice. In addition, BRAE reduced intestinal permeability and improved intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice with colitis. Gut microbiota analysis showed that BRAE significantly improved the imbalance of intestinal microecological diversity caused by DSS, inhibited the increase in the relative abundance of inflammatory bacteria, and promoted the abundance of anti-inflammatory probiotics includingAkkermansiaspp.
Simple mathematical equations for calculating oxidation number of organic carbons, number of transferred electrons, oxidative ratio, and mole of oxygen molecule in combustion reactions
Authors: Yuen Pong Kau , Lau Cheng Man Diana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe oxidation number and number of transferred electrons are two paramount parameters in the study of redox reactions. Their calculations are both important and challenging. The oxidation number of organic carbons is used in organic chemistry, biochemistry, and applied chemistry. Combustion reaction is a classical type of redox reaction, in which the oxygen molecule (O2) is the oxidizing agent. In this article, the integration of three sets of relations is explored by using the method of balancing organic combustion: (i) number of transferred electrons and oxidation number of organic carbons, (ii) mole of oxygen molecule and number of transferred electrons, and (iii) oxidative ratio, oxidation number of organic carbons, and number of transferred electrons. This method can also establish the relationships among the stoichiometric coefficients, mole of oxygen molecule, oxidative ratio, number of transferred electrons, and oxidation number of organic carbons. Furthermore, the oxidation number of organic carbons and the number of transferred electrons of a given organic compound can be determined by the derived mathematical equations.
Golden Power and Anti-Takeover Corporate Mechanisms
Authors: Prenestini Francesca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

591
The golden power regime allows the Italian government – as a last resort, if facing a threat to national interests – to oppose the acquisition of control of companies operating in strategic sectors. This article analyses the relationship between golden power and anti-takeover mechanisms provided for by Italian law, with particular focus on anti-takeover defensive techniques and increased voting rights. The study aims to identify methods of interference and overlaps between external and internal defence tools so as to understand if, when, and under which limits internal corporate defence mechanisms can represent a valid (and desirable) alternative to the use of golden power in precluding the acquisition of corporate control. The analysis shows that where the acquisition of control is more contentious, all available defence tools potentially come into play and the difference in purpose between the diverse regimes justifies the usefulness of golden power.592
A synchronic and diachronic analysis of potential dāk 得 in Cantonese
Authors: Paternicò Luisa Maria , Arcodia Giorgio Francesco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The morpheme dāk 得 has a broad range of functions in modern Cantonese, including being used as a particle introducing an adverbial construction, as a particle introducing the so-called ‘potential complement’ (we refer to this as the ‘long potential’) and as a verbal (quasi-)suffix (the ‘short potential’), which indicates that the state of affairs denoted by the verb may happen. In this paper, we first offer a general introduction on dāk 得 in modern Cantonese, which we then compare with Mandarin de 得 and parallel acquisitive modals in Lao, Vietnamese, and Zhuang, also with a focus on their modal meanings. We will then provide a diachronic overview of Cantonese dāk 得 based on a sample of texts from the 19th and early 20th century written in Cantonese by Western scholars, missionaries, and officers. The historical Cantonese data will be analyzed and compared to the development of the cognate morpheme de 得 in mainstream Chinese written sources: because of the limited diachronic depth of Cantonese data, this is necessary to delve further into the history of this item and of the related constructions. We will argue that: a. all the contemporary Cantonese (and Mandarin) uses seem to derive from the attainment sense of postverbal de/dāk 得; b. the vast majority of possible word order configurations were attested at some point in the recorded history of Chinese, but there appear to be also some patterns which could be specific to Cantonese; c. there seems to be a (partial) structural and semantic split between the ‘short’ potential and the ‘long’ potential; d. the adverbial construction probably had a more straightforward development.
Good Bye Lenin Revisited: East-West Preferences Three Decades after German Reunification
Authors: Bondar Mariia , Fuchs-Schündeln Nicola 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we document that living under Communism versus Capitalism has lasting effects on preferences for a strong government. Relying on the natural experiment of German reunification and extending the analysis of Alesina and Fuchs-Schündeln (2007), we show that East Germans still have stronger preferences for redistribution than West Germans 27 years after reunification. While convergence of preferences occurs, the speed of convergence decreases significantly over time. Evidence from cohorts born after German reunification points towards significant intergenerational transmission of preferences.
Optimization of hydrothermal liquefaction process for bio-oil products from kitchen residue under subcritical conditions
Authors: Bai Jing , Li Hao , Ling Wenmeng , Zheng Peng , Li Pan , Chang Chun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, the process parameters of batch hydrothermal liquefaction of kitchen residue were optimized with the yield of bio-oil as reference, including reaction temperature, residence time and initial pressure. According to the experimental results, the bio-oil yield of kitchen residue was the highest (39.73%) under the reaction conditions of 6 MPa, 300 °C and 30 min. The elemental content and components of bio-oil were characterized by organic element analyzer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The surface and structural properties of biochar were detected and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and surface area and porosity analyzer.
Jordanian nursing students’ engagement and satisfaction with e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: AlOsta Mohammad R. , Khalaf Inaam , Othman Elham H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Nursing education was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as most institutions shifted to e-learning. The aim of the current study was to examine students’ engagement and satisfaction levels with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A descriptive correlation design was used to guide this study. A voluntary response sampling method was used to recruit undergraduate nursing programs in Jordan. Data were collected using an electronic link to a self-reported questionnaire.

Results
A total of 1,562 undergraduate nursing students responded to the questionnaire. The study showed that most students have high engagement in the emotional, skills, and performance subscales and low engagement in the participation subscale. Further, they were moderately satisfied with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions
Students identified several issues regarding their e-learning, which must be considered to improve their engagement and satisfaction. Further, the study revealed several shortcomings in preparing students to attend e-learning classes.
Beyond burnout: a four-year survey of osteopathic medical student mental health and the implications for the development of wellness and mental health programs
Authors: Ley Alyse Folino , Han Joan J. , Hare Emma , Sikorskii Alla , Taylor John R. , Shahed Arpon , Guro Celia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
The mental health crisis in medicine cannot be explained by burnout alone. Physicians are not immune to this crisis and are known to have higher rates of suicide and depression than the general population. A high prevalence of mental health symptoms has been observed in early medical training.

Objectives
This study was completed to characterize medical students’ mental well-being and provide guidance for timely intervention.

Methods
An annual prospective, voluntary, anonymous, cross-sectional survey of medical students was completed over a 4-year period in medical school from 2016 to 2019. The survey was created based on standardized psychiatric screening tools assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout, and sleep problems. In each of those years, 1,257 (2016), 1,254 (2017), 1,221 (2018), and 1,220 (2019) enrolled students, respectively, were invited to participate. Data on students’ mental health were analyzed in relation to their year of school separately for each survey year utilizing SAS 9.4.

Results
A total of 973 students in 2016, 889 students in 2017, 547 students in 2018, and 606 students in 2019 participated in the study. For depression and burnout subscales, an increase in symptom scores were observed every survey year (2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019) by the second or third year of medical school with a clinically significant effect size. Persistently high levels of anxiety were observed throughout medical school, with significant increases after the first year noted in the 2016 and 2017 surveys, but not in the 2018 or 2019 surveys. Similarly, significant changes in sleep disturbance were found in the 2016 and 2017 surveys, but not in 2018 or 2019.

Conclusions
Symptoms of burnout, depression, and anxiety were observed throughout all four years of medical school, with increases starting after the first year. Early intervention is needed to support students’ mental health and increase access to care and resources.
Heat transfer analysis of the MHD stagnation-point flow of third-grade fluid over a porous sheet with thermal radiation effect: An algorithmic approach
Authors: Ali Amjad , Bukhari Zainab , Amjad Muhammad , Ahmad Sohail , Jamshed Wasim , El Din Sayed M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present article aims to investigate the impacts of the thermal radiation and Lorentz force on the stagnation-point flow of third-grade liquid over a porous stretching sheet with suction. The governing equations are transformed using the similarity transformation. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations is solved using a “so-called” hybrid algorithm based on the finite difference method and the shooting method. The influence of the emerging parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles is analyzed. The results are shown in graphical and tabular forms. For the third-grade liquid flow, the velocity profile shows an inciting trend toward the Hartman number (magnetic parameter). The temperature profile shows a declining trend toward the Prandtl number and suction velocity, whereas an inciting trend towards the radiation parameter.