bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Compact, Portable Centrifuge for Separating Microvolume Blood Samples at the Point of Collection
Authors: Iacovetti Gabriella , Collier Brad , Setzer Shannon , Peevler Mitchell , Ragar Jason , Hong Kyungjin , Pan Tifany , Brandon Whitney , Chappell Mathew , Grant Russell P , Sommer Greg J , Schaff Ulrich Y 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The increased demand for decentralized blood sample collection presents numerous operational challenges for diagnostics providers. Sample degradation including sample hemolysis due to time, temperature, and handling between collection and laboratory analysis leads to limited test menus and unreliable results. Here we introduce the lightweight, portable Labcorp TrueSpin™ for rapid point-of-care blood separation using commercially available microvolume blood collection tubes. The TrueSpin is a class I FDA-registered device designed for untrained users. The centrifuge runs on AA batteries and separates a blood sample in 5 minutes.

Methods
Here we describe a series of studies evaluating sample quality and analyte stability in serum samples collected into gel microtubes and processed using the TrueSpin. Hemolysis, residual red blood cell concentration, sample volume, and serum-based chemistry analyte stability were evaluated.

Results
No significant difference was seen in hemolysis or residual red blood cell concentration in serum samples prepared by TrueSpin compared to the reference method. Additionally, capillary and venous blood samples separated using the TrueSpin and exposed to International Safe Transit Association 3A-simulated shipping conditions were shown to yield acceptable sample volume and quality for laboratory analysis. Finally, we show that many common serum-based chemistry analytes have limited (&lt; 1 day) stability if uncentrifuged but improve to ≥ 3-day stability following TrueSpin separation and refrigerated or room temperature storage.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the TrueSpin is a simple and effective solution for remote sample separation and may enable broader test menus and increased test result reliability for decentralized sample collection pursuits.
Digestibility of calcium in calcium-containing ingredients and requirements for digestible calcium by growing pigs
Authors: Lee Su A , Lagos L Vanessa , Merriman Laura A , Stein Hans H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The concentration of Ca in plant feed ingredients is low compared with the requirement for pigs and most Ca in diets for pigs is provided by limestone and Ca phosphate. To determine digestibility values for Ca that are additive in mixed diets, the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca needs to be calculated, and the STTD of Ca by growing pigs in most Ca-containing ingredients has been reported. Although Ca is an inexpensive nutrient compared with P and amino acids, excess Ca needs to be avoided because excess dietary Ca results in reduced P digestibility, reduced feed intake, and reduced growth performance of pigs. Recent data indicate that most diets produced for pigs in the United States and Europe contain ~0.20 percentage units more Ca than formulated, which likely is because of the use of limestone as a carrier in feed additives or as a flow agent in other ingredients. An excess of this magnitude without a corresponding excess of P will result in a reduction in daily gain of growing pigs by 50 to 100 g. Greater emphasis, therefore, needs to be placed on determining the concentration of Ca in diets for pigs. Microbial phytase increases the digestibility of both Ca and P and it is, therefore, important that the release of both Ca and P by phytase is considered in diet formulation. However, due to the relationship between Ca and P in postabsorptive metabolism, diets need to be formulated based on a ratio between digestible Ca and digestible P. To maximize average daily gain, this ratio needs to be less than 1.40:1.0 in diets for weanling pigs, and the ratio needs to be reduced as the body weight of pigs increases. In contrast, to maximize bone ash, the digestible Ca to digestible P ratio needs to increase from 1.67:1.0 in 11 to 25 kg pigs to 2.33:1.0 in finishing pigs. Gestating sows have reduced STTD and retention of Ca and P compared with growing pigs and formulation of diets for sows based on digestibility values obtained in growing pigs will result in inaccuracies in the provision of Ca and P. There is, however, a lack of data for the digestibility of Ca and P by gestating and lactating sows, and responses to microbial phytase by sows are not fully understood. There is, therefore, a need for research to generate more data in this area. In the present review, a summary of data for the digestibility of Ca in feed ingredients for pigs and estimates for the requirement for digestible Ca by growing and finishing pigs are provided.
The metabolic profile of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist ADB-HEXINACA using human hepatocytes, LC–QTOF-MS and synthesized reference standards
Authors: Baginski Steven R , Rautio Tobias , Nisbet Lorna A , Lindbom Karin , Wu Xiongyu , Dahlén Johan , McKenzie Craig , Gréen Henrik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) remain a major public health concern, with their use implicated in intoxications and drug-related deaths worldwide. Increasing our systematic understanding of SCRA metabolism supports clinical and forensic toxicology casework, facilitating the timely identification of analytical targets for toxicological screening procedures and confirmatory analysis. This is particularly important as new SCRAs continue to emerge on the illicit drug market. In this work, the metabolism of ADB-HEXINACA (ADB-HINACA, N-[1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-hexyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide), which has increased in prevalence in the United Kingdom and other jurisdictions, was investigated using in vitro techniques. The (S)-enantiomer of ADB-HEXINACA was incubated with pooled human hepatocytes over 3 hours to identify unique and abundant metabolites using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In total, 16 metabolites were identified, resulting from mono-hydroxylation, di-hydroxylation, ketone formation (mono-hydroxylation then dehydrogenation), carboxylic acid formation, terminal amide hydrolysis, dihydrodiol formation, glucuronidation and combinations thereof. The majority of metabolism took place on the hexyl tail, forming ketone and mono-hydroxylated products. The major metabolite was the 5-oxo-hexyl product (M9), while the most significant mono-hydroxylation product was the 4-hydroxy-hexyl product (M8), both of which were confirmed by comparison to in-house synthesized reference standards. The 5-hydroxy-hexyl (M6) and 6-hydroxy-hexyl (M7) metabolites were not chromatographically resolved, and the 5-hydroxy-hexyl product was the second largest mono-hydroxylated metabolite. The structures of the terminal amide hydrolysis products without (M16, third largest metabolite) and with the 5-positioned ketone (M13) were also confirmed by comparison to synthesized reference standards, along with the 4-oxo-hexyl metabolite (M11). The 5-oxo-hexyl and 4-hydroxy-hexyl metabolites are suggested as biomarkers for ADB-HEXINACA consumption.
Comparing pinning in situ and capital realignment procedures for severe, stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a systematic review
Authors: Kennedy Grace E M , Pullan Jack , El-Bakoury Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In severe, stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis, it is unclear whether pinning in situ (PIS) or capital realignment procedures (CRPs) are superior. Our primary aim was to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following each strategy. Secondary aims were to compare rates of femoral head avascular necrosis (AVN) and complications. MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched according to an agreed strategy. Narrative review articles, case reports, letters to the editor and articles not written in English were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Of the 132 citations identified, 127 were excluded following de-duplication and application of the exclusion criteria. Three observational studies comparing PIS with CRP and two case series considering CRP alone were identified. One article was considered fair quality, and four articles were considered poor. In total, 198 hips from five studies were included (66 PIS, 132 CRP). PIS was associated with moderate-good functional outcomes, and CRP with good-high outcomes. Two comparative studies reported significantly better PROMs following CRP. AVN was reported in 1.5% following PIS and 10.6% following CRP. Regarding other complications, chondrolysis occurred in 3.0% following PIS and 2.4% following CRP. Femoroacetabular impingement rates were markedly higher following PIS (60.6% versus 2.3%). Reoperation rates were also greater following PIS (34.5% versus 13.3%). PIS tends to be associated with favourable AVN rates, but CRP with favourable PROMs and complication rates. However, comparisons were drawn from heterogeneous studies lacking long-term follow-up. Further high-quality research is required.
Seasonal and sex-specific changes in the gastrointestinal tracts of Peromyscus maniculatus
Authors: Chapman Olivia S , McLean Bryan S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Functional traits are phenotypic characteristics that contribute to fitness of individuals in dynamic and changing environments. In mammals, both categorical and continuous (e.g., quantitative) functional traits have been extensively utilized as proxies for diet, locomotion, and other aspects of species ecology, but there has been less focus on form and function of soft tissues. This is particularly true for the digestive system, which varies in size and complexity across Class Mammalia and plays a major role in the energetics of species. To guide more effective utilization of gastrointestinal (GI) morphology as a functional proxy in small mammal ecology, we examined how GI tracts (lengths and masses of four GI sections) varied within a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, United States. We collected samples of adult P. maniculatus monthly for 1 year and measured GI tracts to quantify variation with respect to seasonality and trophic level, providing insight into plasticity in this soft tissue trait over time. We found that season had a significant effect on the total length and wet mass of the GI tract, with January mice having the longest GI tracts and lengths being shortest in the summer. The relative shortening of the GI tract in summer corresponded with a partial trophic increase detected by stable isotope signatures. GI length and wet mass also were affected by reproduction, but males and females responded in sex-specific ways to demands of reproduction, with reproductively active males having shorter and lighter GI tracts than nonreproductively active males. Our study provides proof-of-concept for understanding population-level plasticity in a rarely collected soft tissue trait, which may also be complementary to standard craniodental measurements as a functional dietary proxy to understand mammalian ecology and community assembly.
Bezoar-induced small bowel obstruction: a rare cause of a common problem
Authors: Gorgas Evan , Dowling Shawn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) is one of the most common diagnoses that general surgeons encounter. Adhesive disease, hernia, and neoplasm are the most common causes. A more rare cause is bezoar. A 66-year-old female with a history of prior abdominal surgery presented with clinical concern for SBO. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated SBO with a transition point in the left lower abdomen. The patient failed nonoperative management and was taken to the operating room for exploration. On exploration, a segment of hemorrhagic jejunum was found with an intraluminal bezoar. SBO secondary to bezoar can be managed endoscopically or operatively depending on location and size of the stone. Operative intervention can vary between laparoscopic milking of the bezoar distally, enterotomy with stone extraction, or bowel resection and anastomosis. This case illustrates the importance of maintaining a broad differential for common surgical disease processes.
Gastroenteric-anastomosis in the setting of marked stomach dilatation associated with gastric pyloric obstruction secondary to Sarcina ventriculi
Authors: Deflaoui Tarik , Mabrouk Mohamed Y , Derkaoui Anas , Younes Slimi , Akil Yassir , Amara Rihab , Akouh Nada , Amal Benani , Jabi Rachid , Bouziane Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium capable of surviving in the acidic environment of the stomach and causing gastrointestinal symptoms. We report the case of a 51-year-old patient with no notable medical history who presented with abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting. Initial endoscopic evaluation revealed a distended stomach in stasis with pyloric stenosis. Biopsies revealed the presence of Helicobacter pylori and S. ventriculi. A therapeutic protocol was administered, but no symptomatic relief was observed. Subsequently, the patient was referred to our institution, where computed tomography imaging of the abdomen was performed. The results corroborated a presentation suggestive of a high obstruction attributable to a right anterior para-duodenal internal hernia. Ultimately, surgery was undertaken, ruling out the diagnosis of right para-duodenal internal hernia and resulting in gastroenteric anastomosis with satisfactory improvement in clinical symptoms.
Ultraluminous X-ray sources are beamed
Authors: Lasota Jean–Pierre , King Andrew 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We show that magnetar models for ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have serious internal inconsistencies. The magnetic fields required to increase the limiting luminosity for radiation pressure above the observed (assumed isotropic) luminosities are completely incompatible with the spin-up rates observed for pulsing ULXs. We note that at least one normal Be-star + neutron star system, with a standard (non-magnetar) field, is observed to become a ULX during a large outburst and return to its previous Be-star binary state afterwards. We note further that recent polarimetric observations of the well-studied binary Cyg X-3 reveal that it produces strong emission directed away from the observer, in line with theoretical predictions of its total accretion luminosity from evolutionary arguments. We conclude that the most likely explanation for ULX behaviour involves radiation beaming by accretion disc winds. A large fraction of X-ray binaries must pass through a ULX state in the course of their evolution.
Cosmological constraints from low redshift 21 cm intensity mapping with machine learning
Authors: Novaes Camila P , de Mericia Eduardo J , Abdalla Filipe B , Wuensche Carlos A , Santos Larissa , Delabrouille Jacques , Remazeilles Mathieu , Liccardo Vincenzo , Abdalla Elcio , Barosi Luciano , Queiroz Amilcar , Villela Thyrso , Wang Bin , Feng Chang , Landim Ricardo , Marins Alessandro , Santos João R L , Zhang Jiajun 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The future 21 cm intensity mapping observations constitute a promising way to trace the matter distribution of the Universe and probe cosmology. Here, we assess its capability for cosmological constraints using as a case study the BINGO radio telescope, that will survey the Universe at low redshifts (0.13 &lt; z &lt; 0.45). We use neural networks (NNs) to map summary statistics, namely, the angular power spectrum (APS) and the Minkowski functionals (MFs), calculated from simulations into cosmological parameters. Our simulations span a wide grid of cosmologies, sampled under the ΛCDM scenario, {Ωc, h}, and under an extension assuming the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder (CPL) parametrization, {Ωc, h, w0, wa}. In general, NNs trained over APS outperform those using MFs, while their combination provides 27 per cent (5 per cent) tighter error ellipse in the Ωc–h plane under the ΛCDM scenario (CPL parametrization) compared to the individual use of the APS. Their combination allows predicting Ωc and h with 4.9 and 1.6 per cent fractional errors, respectively, which increases to 6.4 and 3.7 per cent under CPL parametrization. Although we find large bias on wa estimates, we still predict w0 with 24.3 per cent error. We also confirm our results to be robust to foreground contamination, besides finding the instrumental noise to cause the greater impact on the predictions. Still, our results illustrate the capability of future low-redshift 21 cm observations in providing competitive cosmological constraints using NNs, showing the ease of combining different summary statistics.
Millimeter observational signatures of flares in magnetically arrested black hole accretion models
Authors: Jia He , Ripperda Bart , Quataert Eliot , White Christopher J , Chatterjee Koushik , Philippov Alexander , Liska Matthew 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, accreted magnetic flux on the black hole horizon episodically decays, during which magnetic reconnection heats up the plasma near the horizon, potentially powering high-energy flares like those observed in M87* and Sgr A*. We study the mm observational counterparts of such flaring episodes in very high resolution GRMHD simulations. The change in 230 GHz flux during the expected high energy flares depends primarily on the efficiency of accelerating γ ≳ 100 (Te ≳ 1011 K) electrons. For models in which the electrons are heated to Te ∼ 1011 K during flares, the hot plasma produced by reconnection significantly enhances 230 GHz emission and increases the size of the 230 GHz image. By contrast, for models in which the electrons are heated to higher temperatures (which we argue are better motivated), the reconnection-heated plasma is too hot to produce significant 230 GHz synchrotron emission, and the 230 GHz flux decreases during high energy flares. We do not find a significant change in the mm polarization during flares as long as the emission is Faraday thin. We also present expectations for the ring-shaped image as observed by the Event Horizon Telescope during flares, as well as multiwavelength synchrotron spectra. Our results highlight several limitations of standard post-processing prescriptions for the electron temperature in GRMHD simulations. We also discuss the implications of our results for current and future observations of flares in Sgr A*, M87*, and related systems. Appendices contain detailed convergence studies with respect to resolution and plasma magnetization.
Wavelet spectral timing: X-ray reverberation from a dynamic black hole corona hidden beneath ultrafast outflows
Authors: Wilkins D R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Spectral timing analyses based upon wavelet transforms provide a new means to study the variability of the X-ray emission from accreting systems, including AGN, stellar mass black holes, and neutron stars, and can be used to trace the time variability of X-ray reverberation from the inner accretion disc. The previously missing iron K reverberation time lags in the AGN IRAS 13224–3809 and MCG–6-30-15 are detected and found to be transitory in nature. Reverberation can be hidden during periods in which variability in the iron K band becomes dominated by ultrafast outflows. Following the time evolution of the reverberation lag between the corona and inner accretion disc, we may observe the short time-scale increase in scale height of the corona as it is accelerated away from the accretion disc during bright X-ray flares in the AGN I Zw 1. Measuring the variation of the reverberation lag that corresponds to the continuous, stochastic variations of the X-ray luminosity sheds new light on the disc–corona connection around accreting black holes. Hysteresis is observed between the X-ray count rate and the scale height of the corona, and a time lag of 10∼40 ks is observed between the rise in luminosity and the increase in reverberation lag. This correlation and lag are consistent with viscous propagation through the inner accretion disc, leading first to an increase in the flux of seed photons that are Comptonized by the corona, before mass accretion rate fluctuations reach the inner disc and are able to modulate the structure of the corona.
Extraction of characteristic serum microRNAs and prediction of target genes in IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis
Authors: Yamamoto Motohisa , Tanaka Tomonao , Aochi Satsuki , Uehara Masaaki , Kamekura Ryuta , Takano Ken-ichi 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To identify the specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis (IgG4-DS) and predict the targeted genes.

Methods
miRNAs in the serum of nine patients with IgG4-DS, three patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, and three healthy controls were analysed using the human miRNA chip, and miRNAs that exhibited significant fluctuation in expression in IgG4-DS patients were extracted. The respective target genes were predicted using an existing database, and expression of the target genes was evaluated in actual submandibular gland tissues affected by IgG4-DS.

Results
Serum miR-125a-3p and miR-125b-1-3p levels were elevated in IgG4-DS. Six candidate target genes (glypican 4, forkhead box C1, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 11, and tumour-associated calcium signal transducer 2) were downregulated in the affected submandibular gland tissue.

Conclusion
Overexpression of miR-125a-3p and miR-125b-1-3p is a hallmark of IgG4-DS. These miRNAs appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4-DS.
Prevalence, patient characteristics and treatment patterns among systemic lupus erythematosus–pulmonary arterial hypertension patients in real-world clinical practice: A retrospective analysis of Medical Data Vision Database in Japan
Authors: Atsumi Tatsuya , Tan Jin Yu , Chiang Ashley Pei-Chun , Yu Dae Young , Makanji Yogeshwar , Wu David Bin-Chia , Casorso Jeremy , Kouhkamari Mahsa , Lim Sooyeol 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Real-world evidence regarding prevalence, patient characteristics, and treatment patterns for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Japan is limited.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study analysing Japan’s Medical Data Vision database from April 2008 to September 2020. Prevalence, incidence, patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and use of vasodilators by treatment line were evaluated.

Results
The prevalence of PAH was 0.392% in SLE patients (n = 114/29,077). Cumulative incidence was 0.53% (3 years) and 0.77% (5 years). Of 114 SLE–PAH patients, 49% developed PAH &lt;1 year from SLE diagnosis. SLE–PAH patients were predominantly females (88% vs. 72%), had a lower mean age at SLE diagnosis (53 vs. 56 years), and had more severe SLE (61% vs. 25%) than non-PAH–SLE patients. Glucocorticoids (58%) and vasodilators (27%) were preferred first-line monotherapy for SLE–PAH. A combination of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants (19%) was the predominant first-line combination therapy. Endothelin receptor antagonists (40% and 44%) and nitric oxide analogues (31% and 40%) were dominant first- and second-line vasodilators.

Conclusions
SLE–PAH patients were predominantly females, were younger at diagnosis, and had more severe SLE than non-PAH–SLE patients. Most were diagnosed &lt;1 year of SLE diagnosis. In Japan’s real-world practice, the initial treatment goal is SLE management, while vasodilators are preferred in advanced diseases, as per the Medical Data Vision database.