bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying the concentration of polymers in blended microplastics using 2D and 3D Raman mapping
Authors: Lotfi Choobbari Mehrdad , Ferguson Jennifer , Van den Brande Niko , Smith Tim , Chalyan Tatevik , Meulebroeck Wendy , Ottevaere Heidi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe combination of different polymers in the form of blended plastics has been used in the plastic industry for a long time. Nevertheless, analyses of microplastics (MPs) have been mainly limited to the study of particles made of single-type polymers. Accordingly, two members of the Polyolefins (POs) family, i.e., Polypropylene (PP) and Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) are blended and extensively studied in this work due to their applications in industry as well as abundance in the environment. It is shown that 2-D Raman mapping only provides information about the surface of blended MPs (B-MPs). While complimentary 3-D volume analysis is needed to fully understand the presence of various polymers in such complex samples. Therefore, 3-D Raman mapping is applied to visualize the morphology of the distribution of polymers within the B-MPs together with the quantitative estimation of their concentrations. A parameter defined as the concentration estimate error (CEE) evaluates the precision of the quantitative analysis. Furthermore, the impact of four excitation wavelengths 405, 532, 633, and 785 nm is investigated on the obtained results. Finally, the application of a line-shaped laser beam profile (line-focus) is introduced for reducing the measurement time from 56 to 2 h.
A PSII photosynthetic control is activated in anoxic cultures of green algae following illumination
Authors: Milrad Yuval , Nagy Valéria , Elman Tamar , Fadeeva Maria , Tóth Szilvia Z. , Yacoby Iftach 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotosynthetic hydrogen production from microalgae is considered to have potential as a renewable energy source. Yet, the process has two main limitations holding it back from scaling up; (i) electron loss to competing processes, mainly carbon fixation and (ii) sensitivity to O2 which diminishes the expression and the activity of the hydrogenase enzyme catalyzing H2 production. Here we report a third, hitherto unknown challenge: We found that under anoxia, a slow-down switch is activated in photosystem II (PSII), diminishing the maximal photosynthetic productivity by three-fold. Using purified PSII and applying in vivo spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures, we show that this switch is activated under anoxia, within 10 s of illumination. Furthermore, we show that the recovery to the initial rate takes place following 15 min of dark anoxia, and propose a mechanism in which, modulation in electron transfer at the acceptor site of PSII diminishes its output. Such insights into the mechanism broaden our understanding of anoxic photosynthesis and its regulation in green algae and inspire new strategies to improve bio-energy yields.
A distributed control method for flexible robotic fish based on PDE
Authors: Yan Xiao , Ma Yue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAt present, research on flexible robotic fish has become a hot topic. Here, a novel dynamic model of flexible robotic fish is established, and a new control method for flexible robotic fish is proposed. Based on the Hamilton principle, the dynamic model of the flexible robotic fish is established by a partial differential equation, which obtains the relationship between the motion law and the force of the flexible robotic fish. The proposed control method produces the practical motion of flexible robotic fish along with any reference motion of flexible robotic fish, and it is proven that the attitude error is stable in a certain range by using the Lyapunov direct method and simulation. Control parameters are explored to reflect the influence on the control effect. For robotic fish, simulation results indicate that the proposed method can generate more than 10% greater propulsive force than some kinds of traditional control methods and improve the forward propelling efficiency of robotic fish.
A new optimal energy management strategy of microgrids using chaotic map‐based chameleon swarm algorithm
Authors: Ren Huiting , Hou Xuemei , Jia Zhichun , Mashhadi Arsam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study provides an optimal and efficient energy management strategy (EMS) for the cost‐effective performance of a combined solar and green energy microgrid in both independent and grid‐connected modes. A microgrid is formed by the system that includes a fuel cell (FC), a battery storage (BS), and a photovoltaic system (PV). Evidently, the unguaranteed features of the renewable energy and load electricity generate instability problems as well as economic ones, like operational expenses. To tackle these issues, a novel procedure is proposed that has been improved by a modified metaheuristic algorithm, called chaotic map‐based chameleon Swarm Algorithm (CCSA). In this method, the simulation is based on a one‐day planning perspective. The method aims to supply the power requirements of the load at the lowest possible cost under a constant DC bus voltage, protect the battery from overcharging and depletion, and improve the efficiency of the total system. To illustrate the suggested method's effectiveness, the simulation results of CCSA are compared with some studied methods in the literature, including GAMS, bald eagle search optimization algorithm (BEOA), original chameleon swarm algorithm (CSA), and grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWOA).
Impact of 3-second rule for high confidence assignment on the performance of endoscopists for the real-time optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps
Authors: Kim Jung , Lim Seon Hee , Kang Hae Yeon , Song Ji Hyun , Yang Sun Young , Chung Goh Eun , Jin Eun Hyo , Choi Ji Min , Bae Jung Ho 
Published: May 2023

Background Confusion between high and low confidence decisions in optical diagnosis hinders the implementation of real-time optical diagnosis in clinical practice. We evaluated the effect of a 3-second rule (decision time limited to 3 seconds for a high confidence assignment) in expert and nonexpert endoscopists.
Methods This single-center prospective study included eight board-certified gastroenterologists. A 2-month baseline phase used standard real-time optical diagnosis for colorectal polyps < 10 mm and was followed by a 6-month intervention phase using optical diagnosis with the 3-second rule. Performance, including high confidence accuracy, and Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) and Simple Optical Diagnosis Accuracy (SODA) thresholds, was measured.
Results Real-time optical diagnosis was performed on 1793 patients with 3694 polyps. There was significant improvement in high confidence accuracy between baseline and intervention phases in the nonexpert group (79.2 % vs. 86.3 %; P = 0.01) but not in the expert group (85.3 % vs. 87.5 %; P = 0.53). Using the 3-second rule improved the overall performance of PIVI and SODA in both groups.
Conclusions The 3-second rule was effective in improving real-time optical diagnosis performance, especially in nonexperts.
Imaging Recommendations for Molecular Imaging
Authors: Shaikh Sikandar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn vivo molecular imaging is having a great potential that will have an impact on the medicine by detecting diseases in early stages like screening, identifying extent of disease, selecting disease- and patient-specific therapeutic treatment which will be the hallmark of the personalized medicine, for directed targeted therapy, and also for measuring molecular-specific effects of treatment. Currently, most commonly used molecular modalities are positron emission tomography- or single-photon emission computed tomography-based techniques.
Prognostic Significance of Various Clinicopathologic Parameters and BRAF V600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma—An Observational Study
Authors: Ayesha Sobiya Mahnaz , Hui Monalisa , Uppin Shantveer G , Uppin Megha Shantveer , Jena Shubhranshu , Patil Rajsekhar Shanthappa , Ratnagiri Ranganath , Paul Tara Roshni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroduction A specific subset of papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid (PMC) can metastasize regionally and to distant organs, and thus, have a significant effect on the overall survival of the patient cohort.Objectives We aim to analyze the prognostic significance of various clinicopathologic parameters including BRAFV600E mutation by immunohistochemistry in PMC, in order to identify the subset of cases with aggressive behavior.Materials and Methods Data regarding the PMC cases was retrieved retrospectively from medical records. The clinicopathologic factors like age, tumor size, focality, capsular invasion, histologic subtype, lymphovascular invasion, perithyroidal fat invasion (PTFI), lymph node (LN) metastasis, and distant metastasis were studied in depth. Tissue microarray was constructed to perform immunohistochemistry with CK19 and BRAFV600E. Information regarding overall survival (OS) and development of metastasis, if any, was noted. Chi-squared test was performed to know the association between various factors. To determine odds ratio, logistic regression was done. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan–Meier and Cox-regression analysis.Results PMC was diagnosed in 48 patients (M:F = 1:2.4), between 22 and 70 years of age (median = 46.5 years). Chi-squared test showed significant association of fibrosis with tumor size more than or equal to 0.5 cm, infiltrative borders, PTFI, and LN metastasis. Tumor size was also associated with infiltrative borders; and LN metastasis with PTFI. BRAFV600E positivity showed significant association with histologic pattern, PTFI and distant metastasis. On logistic regression, tumor size showed significantly increased odds ratio with presence of fibrosis and infiltrative borders. Presence of fibrosis also showed significant association with infiltrative borders and LN metastasis. BRAF V600E had significantly increased odds ratio with histologic pattern, both on univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly reduced OS with presence of LN metastases (p-value = 0.050, log-rank test). Cox-regression did not yield a significant hazard ratio for the various factors studied.Conclusion This study shows association of LN metastasis with intratumoral fibrosis, PTFI and reduced OS. Intratumoral fibrosis was also associated with tumor size more than 5mm, infiltrative borders and PTFI. Increasing tumor size and infiltrative borders also showed an association. In addition, BRAFV600E positivity was found to be associated with histologic pattern, PTFI and distant metastasis.
Case Report of a Glioma Patient with Homozygous Missense Amino Acid Substitution in KDR Gene
Authors: Uppaluri Kalyan Ram , Kambalachenu Himavanth Reddy , Challa Hima Jyothi , Y. Saadvik Raghuram , Sharma Deepak , Gadicherla Ramya , Ketavath Srinivas , Palasamudram Kalyani , K. Sri Manjari 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGliomas are the most commonly seen cancers of the central nervous system with a variable genetic predisposition. Here, we report a homozygous missense variant in the KDR gene in a patient with recurrent glioma. The 35-year-old male patient was diagnosed with stage IV glioma with a recurrence after 10 years from a low-grade stage two glioma. The patient underwent a repeat right craniotomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Biopsy of the lesion showed areas of necrosis with microvascular proliferation and multinucleated tumor cells. An in-depth analysis of NGS data comprising a multigene panel of 351 genes (Agilent Cancer Core Panel) found a homozygous missense variant in exon 25 of the KDR gene that resulted in a substitution of an amino acid glutamine for arginine at codon 1118. The KDR gene or VEGF2 receptor is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase of the VEGF gene involved in angiogenesis. We hypothesize that the variation in the KDR gene may have a role in the patient's transition from grade II to grade IV glioma. While the clinical relevance of this mutation is not clear, screening mutations in the protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase domain of the KDR will provide critical insights into the development and progression of glioma in the pediatric and adult populations.
Study on adaptive parameter internal mode control method for argon-oxygen refining ferrochrome alloy
Authors: Qu Na , Han Shunjie , You Wen , Wang Yifan , Jiang Baoliang 
Published: May 2023

To enhance the rate of argon–oxygen refining of ferroalloys, this article is based on the physical and chemical reactions of the smelting process as well as the actual smelting data. A mechanistic model of the rate of change of oxygen supply and carbon content in the smelting process and the temperature of the reaction fluid in the furnace is established. An expert internal model control framework with furnace temperature and carbon content as output and oxygen supply rate as input is constructed. An adaptive parameter adjustment mechanism is added to the control framework by combining data on the maximum gas supply rate and temperature threshold of the stage in the actual production process. The method improves smelting speed and smelting accuracy compared to the general method. It is also able to adjust the furnace temperature according to the actual smelting situation. The actual smelting was carried out according to this method, the improved method reduced the smelting time by 12.79% compared to the general method, and the furnace temperature was controlled below 1950 K.
Finite-temperature effects on the x-ray absorption spectra of crystalline alumina from first principles
Authors: Harper A. F. , Monserrat B. , Morris A. J. 
Published: May 2023

By including phonon-assisted transitions within plane-wave density functional theory methods for calculating the x-ray absorption spectrum (XAS), we obtain the Al K-edge XAS at 300 K for two crystalline Al2O3 phases. The 300 K XAS reproduces the pre-edge peak for α-Al2O3, which is not visible at the static lattice level of approximation. Configurations from Monte Carlo sampling of the γ-Al2O3 phase space at the 300 K XAS correctly describe two out of the three experimental peaks. We show that the second peak arises from 1s to mixed s-p transitions and is absent in the 0 K XAS. This letter serves as an insight into the electronic origins of the characteristic peaks in the Al K-edge XAS for alumina crystals.
Harvesting strong photoluminescence of physical vapor deposited GeSn with record high deposition temperature
Authors: Lin Guangyang , Qian Jinhui , Ding Haokun , Wu Songsong , Li Cheng , Wang Jianyuan , Xu Jianfang , Huang Wei , Chen Songyan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, strong photoluminescence (PL) from physical vapor deposited GeSn on Ge-buffered Si is harvested by pursuing high deposition temperature. High-quality Ge0.938Sn0.062 films are obtained through sputtering epitaxy at a record high temperature of 405 °C. The PL peak intensity of the sputtering-grown GeSn is enhanced by 21 times compared to that of GeSn with similar Sn content grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 150 °C. The PL intensity ratio between the sputtering-grown GeSn and Ge virtual substrate reaches a value of 18. Power-dependent and temperature-dependent PL characterizations demonstrate that band-to-band recombination dominates in the sputtering-grown GeSn film. The results indicate that high-temperature sputtering epitaxy, which has the merit of low cost and high-productivity potential, is promising for preparing high-quality GeSn films for optoelectronic applications.
Investigations of defects in TiO2/HgTe/MoO3 heterostructures and their influence on transport properties
Authors: D Sreeshma , Amardeep Jagtap , Rao K S R Koteswara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The need for simple-to-manufacture, solution-processable, tunable infrared active optoelectronic materials led to the development of infrared colloidal quantum dots, whose band gaps may be easily regulated by dimensional constraints resulting from the quantum confinement. Due to electronic deep-level trap states that limit effective mobility and function as effective recombination centers, nanocrystal (NC)-based optoelectronic devices still perform less well than what is predicted theoretically. The performance of NC-based optoelectronic devices can be considerably improved by identifying and passivating these defect levels. In this study, we use low-temperature I–V, C–V, C–F and the microcontroller-based deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) system to investigate the defect levels in the FTO/TiO2/HgTe/MoO3/Au device. The I–V measurements at low temperatures demonstrated the existence of exponential trap states, with an activation energy of 0.24 eV and a trap density of

3.18
×

10

17

cm

−
3

. Low-temperature C–V and C–F measurements established the existence of deep trap states. With DLTS, we have located two deep trap levels (traps 1 and 2), with energies of 0.25 and 0.46 eV, capture cross-sections

9.7
×

10

−
23

and

4.35
×

10

−
14

cm

2

and a concentration of

2.4
×

10

17

cm

−
3

, respectively. The surface states at the HgTe NCs and the oxygen vacancies at the TiO2 are the leading causes of the trap levels, which are primarily present at the interface of the TiO2/HgTe heterojunction. The transport mechanism in these heterojunction devices was happening mainly through these interface trap states. Passivating these defect levels is vital to increase the device effectiveness.
Ultra-wide range tri-mode flexible pressure sensor
Authors: Li Na , Sun Junlu , Chang Shulong , Liao Juan , Peng Danni , Dong Lin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors, as an essential component of E-skin, have been applied in health monitoring and human-machine interface. However, the limited measurement range hinders their applications and developments. Herein, we present a tri-mode flexible porous pressure sensor with an ultra-wide measurement range (0.91 Pa–30 MPa) based on the triboelectric effect, piezoresistive effect, and mechanoluminescent (ML) effect. The low-pressure area (0.91–450 Pa) response was realized by a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator, which consists of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silver nanowire (Ag NWs). The medium-pressure area (0.45–1.8 kPa) was probed by the piezoresistive sensor using Ag NWs conductive network on the porous surface. ML phosphors (SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+, SAOED) blended in the PDMS matrix of porous pressure sensor were utilized to respond to the high pressure (1 Mpa–30 MPa). This flexible pressure sensor possesses excellent stability with over 20 000, 5000, and 2000 cycles in different pressure measurement ranges, respectively. Finally, a tactile glove with the tri-mode flexible porous pressure sensor was carried out and demonstrated various responses to different pressure conditions. This ultra-wide range tri-mode flexible sensor would provide a widely adaptable platform for human-machine interactions in the internet of things.
Deep learning and hybrid approach for particle detection in defocusing particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Sax Christian , Dreisbach Maximilian , Leister Robin , Kriegseis Jochen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present work aims at the improvement of particle detection in defocusing particle tracking velocimetry (DPTV) by means of a novel hybrid approach. Two deep learning approaches, namely faster R-CNN and RetinaNet are compared to the performance of two benchmark conventional image processing algorithms for DPTV. For the development of a hybrid approach with improved performance, the different detection approaches are evaluated on synthetic and images from an actual DPTV experiment. First, the performance under the influence of noise, overlaps, seeding density and optical aberrations is discussed and consequently advantages of neural networks over conventional image processing algorithms for image processing in DPTV are derived. Furthermore, current limitations of the application of neural networks for DPTV are pointed out and their origin is elaborated. It shows that neural networks have a better detection capability but suffer from low positional accuracy when locating particles. Finally, a novelHybrid Approachis proposed, which uses a neural network for particle detection and passes the prediction onto a conventional refinement algorithm for better position accuracy. A third step is implemented to additionally eliminate false predictions by the network based on a subsequent rejection criterion. The novel approach improves the powerful detection performance of neural networks while maintaining the high position accuracy of conventional algorithms, combining the advantages of both approaches.
A motion model-guided 4D dose reconstruction for pencil beam scanned proton therapy
Authors: Duetschler A , Huang L , Fattori G , Meier G , Bula C , Hrbacek J , Safai S , Weber D C , Lomax A J , Zhang Ye 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. 4D dose reconstruction in proton therapy with pencil beam scanning (PBS) typically relies on a single pre-treatment 4DCT (p4DCT). However, breathing motion during the fractionated treatment can vary considerably in both amplitude and frequency. We present a novel 4D dose reconstruction method combining delivery log files with patient-specific motion models, to account for the dosimetric effect of intra- and inter-fractional breathing variability. Approach. Correlation between an external breathing surrogate and anatomical deformations of the p4DCT is established using principal component analysis. Using motion trajectories of a surface marker acquired during the dose delivery by an optical tracking system, deformable motion fields are retrospectively reconstructed and used to generate time-resolved synthetic 4DCTs (‘5DCTs’) by warping a reference CT. For three abdominal/thoracic patients, treated with respiratory gating and rescanning, example fraction doses were reconstructed using the resulting 5DCTs and delivery log files. The motion model was validated beforehand using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) with subsequent 4D dose evaluations. Moreover, besides fractional motion, fractional anatomical changes were incorporated as proof of concept. Main results. For motion model validation, the comparison of 4D dose distributions for the original 4DCT and predicted LOOCV resulted in 3%/3 mm gamma pass rates above 96.2%. Prospective gating simulations on the p4DCT can overestimate the target dose coverage V95% by up to 2.1% compared to 4D dose reconstruction based on observed surrogate trajectories. Nevertheless, for the studied clinical cases treated with respiratory-gating and rescanning, an acceptable target coverage was maintained with V95% remaining above 98.8% for all studied fractions. For these gated treatments, larger dosimetric differences occurred due to CT changes than due to breathing variations. Significance. To gain a better estimate of the delivered dose, a retrospective 4D dose reconstruction workflow based on motion data acquired during PBS proton treatments was implemented and validated, thus considering both intra- and inter-fractional motion and anatomy changes.