bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explore the reasons for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bereda Gudisa 
Published: April 2023

Background:Vaccine hesitancy is described by the WHO as “a delay in acceptance or refusal of safe immunizations notwithstanding the availability of vaccine services.” In Ethiopia, the cumulative acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccination was 57.8%. Ethiopia had a lower rate of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance than was required to create herd immunity. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine reluctance and its contributing factors. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made to the relevant bodies in order to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination acceptability.Objectives:A cross-sectional online-based study was conducted to better understand the reasons for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.Materials and methods:A cross-sectional survey using an internet platform was conducted from 18 June 2021, to 29 June 2022. A multistage cluster sampling strategy was used to find participants, with each cluster representing a sampling unit made up of a set of population elements. Participants are then randomly chosen from those clusters. The data were entered in Epi Info 7.2.0.1, then exported to Microsoft Excel and imported into statistical programs for social sciences (26.0 version) for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was considered to be aPvalue of less than 0.05.Results:Four hundred twenty-two HCWs completed the online survey. The majority of the HCWs were male (n=234, 55.5%), urban residents (n=396, 93.8%), protestants (n=168, 39.8%), and married people (n=232, 55.0%). The prevalence of HCWs reluctant to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was 69.7% (n=294). Age from 19 to 34 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.48, 95% CI: 1.69–7.42,P=<0.001], female sex (AOR =3.68, 95% CI =1.370–6.413,P=0.002), income between 3501 and 8500 ETB (AOR =1.67, 95% CI =1.380–5.697,P=0.048), information from websites (AOR =1.79, 95% CI =1.720–31.179,P=0.013), vaccine skepticism (AOR =4.75, 95% CI =3.210–8.152,P=0.009), and potential adverse effects of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (AOR =2.18, 95% CI =1.732–5.248,P=0.043) were independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among HCWs.Conclusion and recommendations:HCWs were reluctant to get the SARS-CoV-2 immunization at a high percentage overall. To reduce hesitancy to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among HCWs, the Oromia regional state health bureau should be required to increase HCWs’ knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine by providing proper training for all HCWs.
Acute neurogenic stunned myocardium in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome: case report
Authors: Bahouh Choukri , Arhoun El Haddad Inass , Elmouhib Amine , Laaribi Ilyass , El Adak Hanane , Hattab Oumaima , El Ouafi Nouha , Bkiyar Houssam , Housni Brahim 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Autonomic dysfunction is a prevalent symptom of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS); cardiovascular involvement in this scenario has been mentioned infrequently in the literature.

Case Presentation:
A 65-year-old man with GBS presented with reversible left ventricular systolic failure. On first presentation, our patient had no history or indications of heart malfunction. During the clinical manifestation of his autonomic dysfunction, he had electrocardiographic alterations, modestly increased cardiac enzymes, significant left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and segmental wall motion irregularity. Once the initial episode was over, these anomalies and his symptoms resolved quickly.

Discussion:
We believe the reversible left ventricular dysfunction was caused by the toxic impact of elevated catecholamines as well as transiently injured sympathetic nerve endings in the myocardium, which was apparently caused by GBS. We recommend that echocardiography be performed in patients who exhibit clinical signs of autonomic dysfunction, particularly if they are associated with abnormal electrocardiographic findings, cardiac enzyme elevation, or hemodynamic instability, so that appropriate medical therapy can be instituted as soon as possible.

Conclusion:
GBS is a not a very rare situation in our context. Thus, doctors are supposed to know the life-threatening complications such as neurogenic stunned myocardium and be prepared to dodge it.
Potential threats of cholera amidst COVID pandemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo; bridging the gaps: a review
Authors: Akilimali Aymar , Biamba Chrispin , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Cakwira Hugues , Masimango Gaston , Banga Styves , Mufungizi Innocent , Mirindi Michel K. , Ramandizi Guillain , Balume Alain , Kena Louison , Aganze Adolphe , Muhoza Bonk , Rajabu Gentil , Basima Kennedy , Bisimwa Paterne 
Published: April 2023

Cholera, being a global health issue has remarkably affected the wellness of the people, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it could be more if no concrete Intervention is done to curtail the outbreak. The authors reviewed past and present literatures on cholera and COVID-19 from the year 2013–2023 in well renowned scientific journals such as PUBMED, ResearchGate, Google Scholar. Database servers of these journals were accessed based on their permissions. From this search the authors found that, cholera is at its peak amidst COVID in DRC. Between the 10 March 2020 to the 10 March 2022, DRC reported a total of 86 462 cases of COVID-19 in 314 health zones in all 26 provinces of the country, with 1335 deaths recorded. And since the beginning of 2022, 6692 suspected cholera cases including 107 deaths have been reported in 54 health zones in 11 provinces of DRC, compared with 3681 suspected cases and 91 deaths reported during the same period in 2021 in 67 health zones in 14 provinces in the country. The authors realized that despite all efforts to mitigate the spread of cholera in DRC by the Congolese government and the non-governmental organizations in the country, there are still some gaps required to be filled, such as; limited community mobilizations and awareness campaigns about the signs and symptoms of cholera and COVID-19, unavailability of free cholera and COVID-19 vaccines to all the Congolese populations as well as association of witchcraft to diseases. etc. Hence, to mitigate this menace, the authors urge the Congolese government to utilize research implementation strategies such as increase mass awareness campaigns on cholera and COVID among the Congolese populations as well as training workshops for the religious and traditional leaders as well as the healthcare providers in the country for a better diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
Treating thoracic-lumbar Andersson lesion in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: case series
Authors: Zhang Heng , Hu Jianhua , Zhang Chao , Yang Zhao , Gao Ming , Zhao Hongbin 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
To study the diagnosis and surgical treatment of thoracic-lumbar Andersson lesions among patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Method:
We retrospectively collected data from all patients with spine Andersson lesions from 2010 to 2020 and follow-up patients who received surgical treatment. One of the patients was misdiagnosed as spinal tuberculosis but was diagnosed with Andersson lesion after reviewing the patient’s postoperative data.

Results:
There were 11 patients with Andersson lesions, three females and eight males. Four patients received conservative treatment, and six patients received posterior long-segment pedicle screw fixation, one patient received anterior lumbar fusion. One patient occurred neurologic impairment. All other patients recovered well and spine pain disappeared. There was no surgical infection.

Conclusion:
Andersson lesions among patients with ankylosing spondylitis could be treated with posterior long-segment pedicle screw fixation. And it should be differentiated between spine infection and spine tuberculosis.
Evaluating the utility of cystoscopy, distal colostography, and sonography for locating the fistula in patients with anorectal malformation: a case series
Authors: Shojaeian Reza , Hiradfar Mehran , Bahrami Taqanaki Pegah , Ameri Leila , Parvizi Mashhadi Mahdi 
Published: April 2023

Background and purpose:
Anorectal malformations are congenital conditions ranging from a simple perianal fistula to a complex cloacal malformation. Since the precise determination of the location of the fistula is the central pillar in choosing the type of surgery, this study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three techniques, transperineal ultrasound, distal colostography, and cystoscopy.

Materials and methods:
This study was performed on patients with anorectal abnormalities who had undergone decompressive colostomy and were planned for anorectoplasty in the period from September 2017 to March 2019 in a pediatric surgical center. To answer our question, all three mentioned methods were conducted before the surgery and were compared with the intraoperative findings.

Results:
Sonography, distal colostography, and the second cystoscopy findings were similar to intraoperative conclusions concerning the presence of a fistula in patients, whereas blind cystoscopy had 30% accuracy and similarity. Regarding the type of fistula sonography, distal colostography, and second cystoscopy each had 50, 37.5, and 10 inconsistency with the intraoperative findings. In all cases where a fistula was detected in blind cystoscopy, the location of the fistula was correctly determined by this modality. Data analysis on the pouch to perineum distance measurements obtained from sonography and colostography were significantly different from that of surgery.

Conclusion:
The results of this study emphasize the need to perform several diagnostic modalities to determine the location and type of fistula to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Does race influence the attainment of the principles of oncologic surgical resection in colon adenocarcinoma? A retrospective cohort analysis from the national cancer database
Authors: Pacheco Felipe , Luciano Emmanuel , Hebert Danielle , Serpa Eduardo , Solh Wael 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The standard operation for colon cancer resection should follow certain principles to ensure appropriate oncologic resection, such as retrieving 12 or more nodes with the specimen and adequate surgical margins. Although these principles are well documented, there is little evidence regarding the association of race and the attainment of an adequate oncologic resection.

Methods:
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of all cases of resectable colon adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection in the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2018. The postoperative lymph node count and margins were grouped as ‘principles of oncologic surgical resection’. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess race and other demographic variables as independent factors influencing the attainment of the principles of oncologic resection.

Results:
A total of 456 746 cases were included. From this cohort, 377 344 (82.6%) achieved an adequate oncologic resection and 79 402 (17.4%) did not. On logistic regression, African American and Native American patients were less likely to attain an adequate oncologic resection. Similarly, patients with an elevated Charlson-Deyo score (2 or above), stage I cancer, and patients who underwent extended resection were less likely to achieve adequate oncologic resection. Resections performed in metropolitan areas, patients with private insurance, high-income quartiles, and patients diagnosed in more recent years were more likely to achieve adequate oncologic resection.

Conclusions:
There are significant racial disparities regarding the attainment of the principles of oncologic resection in colon cancer, which could be explained by unconscious biases, social discrepancies, and inadequate healthcare access. Early introduction and conscientization of unconscious biases are required in surgical training.
Resectability and prognosis of gallbladder cancer: a cross-sectional study of 100 cases from a tertiary care centre of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Neupane Durga , Nalbo Dinesh , Bhattarai Sameer , Deo Kunal B. , Jaiswal Lokesh S. , Adhikary Shailesh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the fifth most common neoplasm of the digestive tract and has an overall incidence of 3 per 100 000 people. Only 15–47% of the preoperatively known GBC are suitable for resection. The objective of the study was to investigate the resectability and prognosis of GBC patients.

Materials and methods:
It is a prospective observational study including all cases of primary cancers of the gallbladder in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at a tertiary care center over the period from January 2014 to December 2019. The primary endpoint was resectability and overall survival.

Results:
During the study period, 100 patients with GBC were reported. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 52.5 years, with a female predominance (67%). The curative intent resection (radical cholecystectomy) was possible in 30 (30%) patients; while 18 (18%) required palliative surgical treatment. The overall survival of the entire group was 9 months; while those patients who underwent surgery with curative intent had a median overall survival of 28 months after a median follow-up of 42 months.

Conclusion:
This study found that only one-third of patients achieve radical surgery with curative intent. Overall, the prognosis of patients is poor with a median survival of less than a year due to the advanced stage disease. Multimodality treatment, screening ultrasound, and neo-/adjuvant therapy may improve survival.
Slowly Expanding 18F-FDG PET-Positive Irregular Opacities in the Lung Due to Diffuse Lymphoid Hyperplasia Preceding Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sumitomo Kenya , Okamoto Taku , Arii Kaoru , Matumoto Manabu , Shinohara Tsutomu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pulmonary diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia (DLH), a nonneoplastic lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), is extremely rare, and no PET/CT findings have been reported for pulmonary DLH. We observed slowly expanding irregular opacities with 18F-FDG accumulation (SUVmax, 3.64) in the right lower lobe of a 51-year-old asymptomatic man. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy on suspicion of malignant lesions. Histologically, no neoplastic cells were present, and the lesion was consistent with DLH. Six months later, the patient developed rheumatoid arthritis. DLH should be considered in the differentiation of PET-positive irregular opacities, even in the absence of known immune abnormalities.
Primary Pancreatic Choriocarcinoma With Hepatic Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Huang Wenpeng , Qiu Yongkang , Zhou Yuhan , Yang Qi , Kang Lei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic choriocarcinoma is a rare disease, and concurrent hepatic metastases have not previously been reported. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with significantly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin β levels, and 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated FDG-avid lesions in the pancreatic head, liver, and lymph nodes. The initial diagnosis of pancreatic choriocarcinoma with metastases was made and further confirmed by PET/CT-guided biopsy. 125I seeds were then implanted to treat the pancreatic choriocarcinoma lesions, which effectively reduced the tumor size. New hepatic metastases have been observed after 5 months, and this case had an overall survival of 10 months.
Can PSMA-Targeting PET/CT Be a Valuable Instrument to Assess the Presence of Brain Metastases in Lung Cancer Patients?
Authors: Dall'Armellina Sara , Cauda Simona , Duca Sergio , Gasparro Martina , Racca Manuela 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A 78-year-old man with synchronous diagnosis of prostate cancer and lung adenocarcinoma was referred to our institute for prostate cancer staging with [18F]F–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 1007 PET/CT. In addition to the previously known lesion of the right lung, PSMA-targeted PET/CT highlighted 2 areas of abnormal uptake in the brain, in the left frontal and temporal lobes. A subsequent MRI confirmed the lesions observed on PET/CT. Because PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals do not accumulate in healthy brain parenchyma, and recent literature reported promising performances of PSMA-targeted PET/CT in gliomas and metastases from tumors other than prostate cancer, this employment of PSMA radioligands needs to be further explored.
Scoary2:Rapid association of phenotypic multi-omics data with microbial pan-genomes
Authors: Roder Thomas , Pimentel Grégory , Fuchsmann Pascal , Stern Mireille Tena , von Ah Ueli , Vergères Guy , Peischl Stephan , Brynildsrud Ola , Bruggmann Rémy , Bär Cornelia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenomic screening of bacteria is common practice to select strains with desired properties. However, 40-60% of all bacterial genes are still unknown, making capturing the phenotype an important part of the selection process. While omics-technologies collect high-dimensional phenotypic data, it remains challenging to link this information to genomic data to elucidate the impact of specific genes on phenotype. To this end, we present Scoary2, an ultra-fast software for microbial genome-wide association studies (mGWAS), enabling integrative data exploration. As proof of concept, we explore the metabolome of 44 yogurts with different strains ofPropionibacterium freudenreichii, discovering two genes affecting carnitine metabolism.
D-SPIN constructs gene regulatory network models from multiplexed scRNA-seq data revealing organizing principles of cellular perturbation response
Authors: Jiang Jialong , Chen Sisi , Tsou Tiffany , McGinnis Christopher S. , Khazaei Tahmineh , Zhu Qin , Park Jong H. , Strazhnik Inna-Marie , Vielmetter Jost , Gong Yingying , Hanna John , Chow Eric D. , Sivak David A. , Gartner Zev J. , Thomson Matt 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGene regulatory networks within cells modulate the expression of the genome in response to signals and changing environmental conditions. Reconstructions of gene regulatory networks can reveal the information processing and control principles used by cells to maintain homeostasis and execute cell-state transitions. Here, we introduce a computational framework, D-SPIN, that generates quantitative models of gene regulatory networks from single-cell mRNA-seq datasets collected across thousands of distinct perturbation conditions. D-SPIN models the cell as a collection of interacting gene-expression programs, and constructs a probabilistic model to infer regulatory interactions between gene-expression programs and external perturbations. Using large Perturb-seq and drug-response datasets, we demonstrate that D-SPIN models reveal the organization of cellular pathways, sub-functions of macromolecular complexes, and the logic of cellular regulation of transcription, translation, metabolism, and protein degradation in response to gene knockdown perturbations. D-SPIN can also be applied to dissect drug response mechanisms in heterogeneous cell populations, elucidating how combinations of immunomodulatory drugs can induce novel cell states through additive recruitment of gene expression programs. D-SPIN provides a computational framework for constructing interpretable models of gene-regulatory networks to reveal principles of cellular information processing and physiological control.
Detecting directional epistasis and dominance from cross-line analyses in alpine populations ofArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Le Rouzic Arnaud , Roumet Marie , Widmer Alex , Clo Josselin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe contribution of non-additive genetic effects to the genetic architecture of fitness, and to the evolutionary potential of populations, has been a topic of theoretical and empirical interest for a long time. Yet, the empirical study of these effects in natural populations remains scarce, perhaps because measuring dominance and epistasis relies heavily on experimental line crosses. In this study, we explored the contribution of dominance and epistasis in natural alpine populations ofArabidopsis thaliana, for two fitness traits, the dry biomass and the estimated number of siliques, measured in a greenhouse. We found that, on average, crosses between inbred lines ofA. thalianaled to mid-parent heterosis for dry biomass, but outbreeding depression for estimated number of siliques. While heterosis for dry biomass was due to dominance, we found that outbreeding depression for estimated number of siliques could be attributed to the breakdown of beneficial epistatic interactions. We simulated and discussed the implication of these results for the adaptive potential of the studied populations, as well as the use of line-cross analyses to detect non-additive genetic effects.
Disease Tolerance Acquired Through RepeatedPlasmodiumInfection Involves Epigenetic Reprogramming of Innate Immune Cells
Authors: Nideffer Jason , Ty Maureen , Donato Michele , John Rek , Kajubi Richard , Ji Xuhuai , Maecker Holden , Nankya Felistas , Musinguzi Kenneth , Press Kathleen Dantzler , Greenhouse Bryan , Kamya Moses , Feeney Margaret E. , Dorsey Grant , Utz PJ , Pulendran Bali , Khatri Purvesh , Jagannathan Prasanna 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe regulation of inflammation is a critical aspect of disease tolerance and naturally acquired immunity to malaria. Here, we demonstrate using RNA sequencing and epigenetic landscape profiling by cytometry by Time-Of-Flight (EpiTOF), that the regulation of inflammatory pathways during asymptomatic parasitemia occurs downstream of pathogen sensing—at the epigenetic level. The abundance of certain epigenetic markers (methylation of H3K27 and dimethylation of arginine residues) and decreased prevalence of histone variant H3.3 correlated with suppressed cytokine responses among monocytes of Ugandan children. Such an epigenetic signature was observed across diverse immune cell populations and not only characterized active asymptomatic parasitemia but also predicted long-term future disease tolerance when observed in uninfected children. This broad methylated signature likely develops gradually and was associated with age and recent parasite exposure. Our data support a model whereby exposure toPlasmodium falciparuminduces epigenetic changes that regulate excessive inflammation and contribute to naturally acquired immunity to malaria.
AI becomes a masterbrain scientist
Authors: Zijie Yang , Yukai Wang , Lijing Zhang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent rapid and unexpected advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have dramatically shocked the world. Large language models, such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, have demonstrated remarkable potential in aggregating and organizing knowledge while providing insights and solutions to specific questions. In this study, we further explore the possibility of GPT-4 taking on a central role in a complete closed-loop biological research, functioning as a masterbrain scientist responsible for generating hypotheses, designing experiments, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. Our findings suggest that AI has the potential to evolve into a genuine scientist, and could lead an unprecedented revolution in the area of science.