bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory B cells are reduced in the blood in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and fail to regulate T-cell IFN-γ production
Authors: Appelgren Daniel , Puli Srinivasulu , Hellmark Thomas , Pochard Pierre , Pers Jacques-Olivier , Ernerudh Jan , Eriksson Per , Segelmark Mårten 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Regulatory B (Breg) cells can dampen inflammation, autoreactivity, and transplant rejection. We investigated the frequencies, phenotypes, and function of Breg cells in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) to gain further knowledge as to whether there are numerical alterations or limitations of their ability to regulate T-cell function. Frequencies and phenotypes of CD24hiCD27+ and CD24hiCD38hi B-cells in the blood were determined with flow cytometry in 37 GPA patients (22 in remission and 15 with active disease) and 31 healthy controls (HC). A co-culture model was used to study the capacity of Breg cells to regulate T-cell activation and proliferation in cells from 10 GPA patients in remission and 12 HC. T-cell cytokine production in vitro and levels in plasma were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Frequencies of CD24hiCD27+ B-cells were reduced both during active disease and remission compared with HC (P = 0.005 and P = 0.010, respectively), whereas CD24hiCD38hi B-cells did not differ. Patient CD24hiCD27+ B-cells exhibited decreased expression of CD25 but increased expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 during remission. B-cells from GPA patients regulated T-cell proliferation but failed to regulate interferon (IFN)-γ production (median T-cells alone 222 ng/ml vs. T-cells + B-cells 207 ng/ml, P = 0.426). IFN-γ was also elevated in patient plasma samples (P = 0.016). In conclusion, GPA patients exhibit altered numbers and phenotypes of CD24hiCD27+ B-cells. This is accompanied by a disability to control T-cell production of Th1-type cytokines during remission, which might be of fundamental importance for the granulomatous inflammation that characterizes the chronic phase of this disease.
Assessing the effect of interaction between lifestyle and longitudinal changes in brain structure on sleep phenotypes
Authors: Zhao Yijing , Yang Xuena , Cheng Shiqiang , Li Chun’e , He Dan , Cai Qingqing , Wei Wenming , Qin Xiaoyue , Zhang Na , Shi Sirong , Chu Xiaoge , Meng Peilin , Zhang Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLongitudinal changes in brain structure and lifestyle can affect sleep phenotypes. However, the influence of the interaction between longitudinal changes in brain structure and lifestyle on sleep phenotypes remains unclear. Genome-wide association study dataset of longitudinal changes in brain structure was obtained from published study. Phenotypic data of lifestyles and sleep phenotypes were obtained from UK Biobank cohort. Using genotype data from UK Biobank, we calculated polygenetic risk scores of longitudinal changes in brain structure phenotypes. Linear/logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate interactions between longitudinal changes in brain structure and lifestyles on sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, snoring and daytime dozing. Multiple lifestyle × longitudinal changes in brain structure interactions were detected for 5 sleep phenotypes, such as physical activity×caudate_age2 for daytime dozing (OR = 1.0389, P = 8.84 × 10−3) in total samples, coffee intake×cerebellar white matter volume_age2 for daytime dozing (OR = 0.9652, P = 1.13 × 10−4) in females. Besides, we found 4 overlapping interactions in different sleep phenotypes. We conducted sex stratification analysis and identified one overlapping interaction between female and male. Our results support the moderate effects of interaction between lifestyle and longitudinal changes in brain structure on sleep phenotypes, and deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of sleep disorders.
Neural unscrambling of temporal information during a nonlinear narrative
Authors: Grall Clare , Equita Josefa , Finn Emily S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although we must experience our lives chronologically, storytellers often manipulate the order in which they relay events. How the brain processes temporal information while encoding a nonlinear narrative remains unclear. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging during movie watching to investigate which brain regions are sensitive to information about time in a narrative and test whether the representation of temporal context across a narrative is more influenced by the order in which events are presented or their underlying chronological sequence. Results indicate that medial parietal regions are sensitive to cued jumps through time over and above other changes in context (i.e., location). Moreover, when processing non-chronological narrative information, the precuneus and posterior cingulate engage in on-the-fly temporal unscrambling to represent information chronologically. Specifically, days that are closer together in chronological time are represented more similarly regardless of when they are presented in the movie, and this representation is consistent across participants. Additional analyses reveal a strong spatial signature associated with higher magnitude jumps through time. These findings are consistent with prior theorizing on medial parietal regions as central to maintaining and updating narrative situation models, and suggest the priority of chronological information when encoding narrative events.
Variation in the reference range limits of thyroid function tests and association with the prevalence of levothyroxine treatment
Authors: Razvi Salman , Jabbar Avais , Addison Caroline , Vernazza Jonathan , Syed Akheel , Soran Handrean , Leng Owain 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Many individuals with marginally abnormal thyroid function test (TFT) results may be treated and it is unknown if the limits of the thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) reference intervals reported alongside the laboratory results are associated with the prevalence of levothyroxine treatment. We obtained information regarding reported TFT reference intervals from UK National Health Service (NHS) laboratories and evaluated its relationship with the prevalence of levothyroxine treatment for corresponding health areas for 2014. The upper limit of serum TSH was significantly, linearly, independently, and negatively associated with prevalent levothyroxine treatment: −0.54% (95% CI, −0.68% to −0.40%). The lower limit of serum FT4 was significantly and independently associated with the prevalence of levothyroxine treatment in a non-linear (J-shaped) manner with an increase being noted from a FT4 level of ≈9.5 pmol/L onwards. We conclude that minor changes in the reference range limits for serum TSH and FT4 are associated with levothyroxine treatment.
Attuning ourselves to tunes
Authors: Nowell Smith David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The below is a transcript (with a small number of footnotes added) for an inaugural lecture given at the University of East Anglia on 28 November 2022. The lecture sought to answer the following questions: why read poems? Why study poetry? This talk argues that poetry constitutes language in its most condensed, but also most enlarged, form: when we read poems, we enliven ourselves to the expressive power of language as a whole, we attune ourselves to the language’s tunes. Through discussions of poems from across history, the talk will explore the different ways that poems ‘make sense’: that is, generate senses and sensations. In particular, the talk will reflect on the sense of tunes and the tunefulness of sense. A recording of the lecture and ensuing Q&A can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flU1fuJVUqU
The urgent need for valid data on access to healthcare in Europe
Authors: Guidi Caterina Francesca , Ingleby David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe probability of experiencing an unmet need for medical or dental care can be expressed either (a) as a proportion of the whole population studied or (b) as a proportion of those who had a need. Only (b) yields a valid measure of access to care. Using (a) combines access to care with state of health. Unfortunately, the main data source used by researchers (the European Union Survey of Income and Living Conditions, EU-SILC) uses method (a), rendering the literature to date subject to unknown errors. The authors argue that there is an urgent need for Eurostat to publish data using method (b).
sgsR: a structurally guided sampling toolbox for LiDAR-based forest inventories
Authors: Goodbody Tristan R H , Coops Nicholas C , Queinnec Martin , White Joanne C , Tompalski Piotr , Hudak Andrew T , Auty David , Valbuena Ruben , LeBoeuf Antoine , Sinclair Ian , McCartney Grant , Prieur Jean-Francois , Woods Murray E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Establishing field inventories can be labor intensive, logistically challenging and expensive. Optimizing a sample to derive accurate forest attribute predictions is a key management-level inventory objective. Traditional sampling designs involving pre-defined, interpreted strata could result in poor selection of within-strata sampling intensities, leading to inaccurate estimates of forest structural variables. The use of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data as an applied forest inventory tool continues to improve understanding of the composition and spatial distribution of vegetation structure across forested landscapes. The increased availability of wall-to-wall ALS data is promoting the concept of structurally guided sampling (SGS), where ALS metrics are used as an auxiliary data source driving stratification and sampling within management-level forest inventories. In this manuscript, we present an open-source R package named sgsR that provides a robust toolbox for implementing various SGS approaches. The goal of this package is to provide a toolkit to facilitate better optimized allocation of sample units and sample size, as well as to assess and augment existing plot networks by accounting for current forest structural conditions. Here, we first provide justification for SGS approaches and the creation of the sgsR toolbox. We then briefly describe key functions and workflows the package offers and provide two reproducible examples. Avenues to implement SGS protocols according to auxiliary data needs are presented.
Functional validation of transposable element–derived cis-regulatory elements in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Sahlström Hanna M , Datsomor Alex K , Monsen Øystein , Hvidsten Torgeir R , Sandve Simen Rød 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are hypothesized to play important roles in shaping genome evolution following whole-genome duplications (WGDs), including rewiring of gene regulation. In a recent analysis, duplicate gene copies that had evolved higher expression in liver following the salmonid WGD ∼100 million years ago were associated with higher numbers of predicted TE-derived cis-regulatory elements (TE-CREs). Yet, the ability of these TE-CREs to recruit transcription factors (TFs) in vivo and impact gene expression remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the gene-regulatory functions of 11 TEs using luciferase promoter reporter assays in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) primary liver cells. Canonical Tc1-Mariner elements from intronic regions showed no or small repressive effects on transcription. However, other TE-CREs upstream of transcriptional start sites increased expression significantly. Our results question the hypothesis that TEs in the Tc1-Mariner superfamily, which were extremely active following WGD in salmonids, had a major impact on regulatory rewiring of gene duplicates, but highlights the potential of other TEs in post-WGD rewiring of gene regulation in the Atlantic salmon genome.
Evaluation of Associations of Growth Differentiation Factor-11, Growth Differentiation Factor-8, and Their Binding Proteins, Follistatin and Follistatin-Like Protein-3, With Measures of Skeletal Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Older Adults
Authors: Cawthon Peggy M , Patel Sheena , Newman Anne B , Bhasin Shalender , Peng Liming , Tracy Russell P , Kizer Jorge R , Lee Se-Jin , Ferrucci Luigi , Ganz Peter , LeBrasseur Nathan K , Cummings Steven R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Based on studies from animal models, growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF-11) may have rejuvenating effects in humans. GDF-11 has high sequence homology with GDF-8 (also known as myostatin); follistatin and follistatin-like protein-3 (FSTL-3) are inhibitory proteins of both GDF-8 and GDF-11.

Methods
Using highly specific liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry assays for GDF-11 and GDF-8 and immunoassays for follistatin and FSTL-3, we quantified the association of these factors with muscle size, strength, and physical performance in 2 prospective cohort studies of community-dwelling older adults (Health, Aging, and Body Composition study [Health ABC] and Cardiovascular Health Study [CHS]).

Results
GDF-8 levels were positively associated with thigh muscle cross-sectional area and density in Health ABC (data not available in CHS). GDF-8 levels were positively associated with lean mass (a surrogate of muscle mass) in Health ABC but not CHS, and grip strength in CHS but not Health ABC. FSTL-3 (and perhaps follistatin) was negatively associated with lean mass and had variable associations with other variables. In contrast, GDF-11 was not significantly associated with strength or performance.

Conclusions
GDF-8 and its binding proteins, follistatin and FSTL-3, may constitute a counterregulatory system (chalones) to restrain age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
Association Between Weight Status and Rate of Cognitive Decline: China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997–2018
Authors: Lynch David H , Howard Annie Green , Tien Hsiao-Chuan , Du Shufa , Zhang Bing , Wang Huijun , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Batsis John A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a close relationship between weight status and cognitive impairment in older adults. This study examined the association between weight status and the trajectory of cognitive decline over time in a population-based cohort of older adults in China.

Methods
We used data from adults aged ≥55 years participating in the China health and nutrition survey (1997–2018). Underweight (body mass index [BMI] ≤ 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–23 kg/m2), overweight (23–27.5 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2) were defined using the World Health Organization Asian cutpoints. Global cognition was estimated every 2–4 years through a face-to-face interview using a modified telephone interview for cognitive status (scores 0–27). The association between BMI and the rate of global cognitive decline, using a restricted cubic spline for age and age category, was examined with linear mixed-effects models accounting for correlation within communities and individuals.

Results
We included 5 992 adults (53% female participants, mean age of 62 at baseline). We found differences in the adjusted rate of global cognitive decline by weight status (p = .01 in the cubic spline model). Models were adjusted for sex, marital status, current employment status, income, region, urbanization, education status, birth cohort, leisure activity, smoking status, and self-reported diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, or Myocardial Infarction (MI)/stroke. In addition, significant declines by age in global cognitive function were found for all weight status categories except individuals with obesity.

Conclusions
In a cohort of adults in China, cognitive decline trajectory differed by weight status. A slower rate of change was observed in participants classified as having obesity.
Sense-Making of Loneliness and Exclusion From Social Relations Among Older Adults in Sweden
Authors: Ågren Axel , Pavlidis George 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Loneliness and exclusion from social relations (ESR) are frequently addressed as public health issues for older adults. Public discourses potentially influence how loneliness and ESR are understood in society and experienced by the individual. The aim of this study was to analyze how older adults in different parts of Sweden use the discourses and concepts available to them to describe experiences of ESR and loneliness, and how these descriptions are used to construct a self-identity.

Research Design and Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 individuals (14 men, 16 women) aged 67–87 years and living in Sweden. Emphasis was, in line with perspectives of discursive psychology, on how individuals draw on discourses to make sense of experiences. The empirical material was analyzed through an inductive process where we were open to finding concepts and themes.

Results
Most participants emphasized the importance of not being lonely, considered achievable through maintaining an active lifestyle. “Othering” was taking place, where a general image of a “lonely” older adult was referred to when speaking about “others” loneliness. Those who expressed feelings of loneliness related these feelings to loss, being omitted, and other difficult life circumstances.

Discussion and Implications
States of ESR were discussed more comfortably than loneliness, whereas various linguistic resources were used to distance themselves from loneliness. These findings indicate the need for further studies elaborating on how older adults make sense of ESR and loneliness and what implications this has for older adults’ well-being and identity making.
Audience–campaign planner interaction in social media communication campaigns: how it influences intended campaign responses in the observing audience
Authors: Shi Jingyuan , Dai Yue (Nancy) 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We proposed a dual typology of audiences for social media communication campaigns: the participating audience, who interacts with campaign planners, and the observing audience, who observes those interactions. Situated in a context of promoting seeking counseling for depression, our online experiment (N = 570) demonstrated that the similarity of the observing and participating audiences (high vs. low), the message features of campaign planners’ replies (high person-centeredness vs. low person-centeredness vs. no reply), and the observing audience’s predispositions (with vs. without depressive symptoms) jointly affected the observing audience’s attitude toward seeking counseling. For observers with depressive symptoms, seeing a campaigner addressing a negative comment that reflects a similar concern of their own mitigated the adverse impact of the comment on the observers’ attitude. Our findings introduce a theoretical lens for understanding a communication process unique to campaigns on social media and offer insights into how the process shapes campaigns’ intended responses.
Lipid metabolism mRNA expression and cellularity of intramuscular adipocytes within the Longissimus muscle of Angus- and Wagyu-sired cattle fed for a similar days on feed or body weight endpoint
Authors: Jaborek J R , Fluharty F L , Lee Kichoon , Zerby Henry N , Relling A E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development in the Longissimus muscle (LM) between Wagyu- and Angus-sired steers compared at a similar age and days on feed (D) endpoint or similar body weight (B) endpoint by measuring IM adipocyte cell area and lipid metabolism mRNA expression. Angus-sired steers (AN, n = 6) were compared with steers from two different Wagyu sires (WA), selected for either growth (G) or marbling (M), to be compared at a similar days on feed (DOF; 258 ± 26.7 d; WA-GD, n = 5 and WA-MD, n = 5) in Exp. 1 or body weight (BW; 613 ± 18.0 kg; WA-GB, n = 4 and WA-MB, n = 5) in Exp. 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, WA-MD steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GD steers. In Exp. 2, WA-MB steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GB steers. The distribution of IM adipocyte area was unimodal at all biopsy collections, with IM adipocyte area becoming progressively larger as cattle age (P ≤ 0.01) and BW increased (P ≤ 0.01). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARd) was upregulated earlier for WA-MD and WA-MB cattle compared with other steers at a similar DOF and BW (P ≤ 0.02; treatment × biopsy interaction). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma was upregulated (PPARg) at a lesser BW for WA-MB steers (P = 0.09; treatment × biopsy interaction), while WA-MD steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.04) overall mean PPARg mRNA expression compared with other steers. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lipin 1, and hormone sensitive lipase demonstrated mRNA expression patterns similar to PPARg and PPARd or CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta, which emphasizes their importance in marbling development and growth. Additionally, WA-MD and WA-MB steers often had a greater early mRNA expression of fatty acid transporters (fatty acid transport protein 1; P &lt; 0.02; treatment × biopsy interaction) and binding proteins (fatty acid binding protein 4) compared with other steers. Cattle with a greater marbling propensity appear to upregulate adipogenesis at a younger chronological and physiological maturity through PPARd, PPARg, and possibly adipogenic regulating compounds, lysophosphatidic acid, and diacylglycerol. These genes and compounds could be used as potential markers for marbling propensity of cattle in the future.
Alleviation effect of conjugated linoleic acid on estradiol benzoate induced fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome in Hy-line male chickens
Authors: Wang Anqi , Zhang Kexin , Fu Chunyan , Zhou Changming , Yan Zhengui , Liu Xuelan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could alleviate fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) induced by estradiol benzoate intramuscular injection in laying hens. One hundred male Hy-Line white chickens were randomly divided into two groups, namely, the control (CON) and estradiol benzoate (E) groups, and both groups were fed the same basal diet. After injections of estradiol benzoate at 2 mg/kg every two days for a total of 7 times, chickens in the E group showed FLHS symptoms, including liver enlargement, hemorrhage, and steatosis. Then half of the chickens in the E group received an additional diet containing 5000 mg/kg CLA for 8 weeks. The results of morphological observations, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Oil Red O staining showed that CLA alleviated liver enlargement, hemorrhage, and lipid accumulation in FLHS chickens. In addition, we measured liver function and lipid metabolism indicators, including ALT, AST, TG, TCH, HDL-C, and LDL-C, which further suggested that CLA mitigated the disturbance of serum and liver metabolism in FLHS chickens. Mechanistically, CLA inhibited hepatic de novo lipogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, and TG accumulation and increased TG hydrolysis in FLHS chickens by regulating the gene expression of CD36, ACC, FAS, SCD 1, DGAT2, LIPE, ATGL, CPT1A, SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and PPARα. Furthermore, CLA ameliorated hepatic oxidative stress and inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated inflammation in FLHS chickens. In conclusion, CLA regulated lipid metabolism, thus further alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation to alleviate FLHS induced by estrogen in chickens.