bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Quality Assessment of Smaquli Dam- Erbil for Drinking, Irrigation and Fish Farming
Authors: Mahmood Glena Ali , Aziz Farhad Hassan 
Published: September 2023

لقد أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرقة نوعية المياه وملائمته لمختلف الاغراض كالشرب والري وتربية السمك في سد سماقولي وذلك بالاعتماد على مقياس نوعية وجودة المياه (WQI) بدلالة رقم مقياسى لاى استخدام مطلوب ، جمعت عينات المياه من ثمانية مواقع خلال فتره امتدت من شهر ايلول 2021 لغاية تموز 2022، حيث تم تحديد معيار جودة او نوعية المياه (WQI) لأغراض الشرب ، وذلك بالاعتماد على أهم خمسە عشر معيارًا فيزيائيًا وكيميائيًا بما في ذلك: الأس الهيدروجين(PH)،التوصيل الكهربائي EC))، التعكرTurbidity)) ، الأكسجين المذاب DO))، الأكسجين الكيميائي الحيوي المطلوب ، القاعدية الكلية TA))، العسرة الكلية TH))، أيونات الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم Ca & Mg ions))، الصوديومNa) )، البوتاسيوم K))، الكلوريد Cl))، النتريتNO2) )، النترات NO3)) والكبريتاتSO4) ). كما إعطيت الوزن النسبي لكل متغيراو معيار تراوحت من 1 إلى 5 بناءً على أهم متغيراو معيار ضروري واساسى للحياة المائية والاستخدام اليومى و المنزلي. أشارت النتائج الدراسة إلى أن مياه سد سماقولي بمدخله ومخرجه صالحة للشرب بعد اجراء المعالجة التقليدية، اذ تراوحت نتائج (DWQI) لجميع المواقع بين ( 68.11إلى 83.93)، اما بالنسبة لمؤشر جودة او نوعية مياه الري (IWQI)، تم تحليل العينات المدروسة لمحتويات EC ونسبة امتصاص الصوديوم (SAR) والصوديوم (Na + 1) والكلوريد (Cl-1) وبيكربونات(HCO3).كما تراوحت نتائج (IWQI) من (68.84 إلى 70.20)، وهذا يدل الى أن عينات المياه تقع ضمن فئة الحصر المنخفض (LR) والمتوسط (MR) لأغراض الري. واخيرا سبع معايير استعملت شملت: الأس الهيدروجيني(PH)، التعكر (Turbidity) ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة (TDS)، الأكسجين المذاب (DO) ، القاعدية الكليةTH) ) والنتراتNO3) ). لتقييم نوعية وملائمة مياه سد سماقولى لتربية الاسماك بالاعتماد على محدودية المعيارى لكل وحدة من تلك المعاييرز أشارت النتائج لتلك المعايير فى جميع المواقع إلى أن المياه ملائمة ضمن محدودية المعايير لتربية الاسماك باستثناء معيارالعسرة الكلية TH..
Simultaneous spectrophotometric method for determination of both ciprofloxacin and cephalexin by using H-point standard addition method
Authors: Sadiq Kawther Ahmed , Mezaal Elham N. , Mohammed Maha A. , Hassan Dheefaf F. 
Published: September 2023

طريقة سهلة وبسيطة ودقيقة لتقدير السبروفلوكساسين في وجود السيفاليكسين او العكس بالعكس في خليط منهما. طبقت الطريقة المقترحة بطريقة الاضافة القياسية لنقطة بنجاح في تقدير السبروفلوكساسين بوجود السيفاليكسين كمتداخل عند الاطوال الموجية 240-272.3 نانوميتر وبتراكيز مختلفة من السبروفلوكساسين 4-18 مايكروغرام . مل-1 وكذلك تقدير السيفاليكسين بوجود السبروفلوكساسين الذي يتداخل باطوال موجية 262-285.7 نانوميتر وبتراكيز مختلفة من السيفاليكسين 6-18 مايكروغرام . مل-1 في مزيج لهما. اظهرت النتائج عدم وجود اي تداخلات من قبل المواد المضافة التي تحتويها الادوية على هذه المركبات وضمن حدود كشف السبروفلوكساسين يساوي 0.1732 مايكروغرام . مل-1 وعقارالسيفاليكسين يساوي 0.4620 مايكروغرام . مل-1 . الانحراف القياسي النسبي المئوي اقل من 2% . تم تطبيق الطريقة بنجاح لتقدير العقارين في بعض المستحضرات الصيدلانية. تعتبر الطريقة المقترحة من الطرق القليلة التكلفة وعدم حاجتها الى ادخال الادوية في سلسلة من التفاعلات وتثبيت لظروف التفاعل لغرض تقديرها وانما تتم عن طريق تقدير الدواء بعد اذابته مباشرة في الماء المقطر بوجود العقار الاخر معه في مزيج وتعتبر من الطرق الناجحة في التقدير خاصة للادوية المتقاربة في طيف الامتصاص لها والتي من غير الممكن ايجاد طرق لفصل الدوائين وتقديرهما بصورة ادق من هذه الطريقة المقترحة دون التداخل وتاثير احدهما على الاخر. الطريقة المقترحة في هذا البحث كانت ناجحة في تقدير كل من السبروفلوكساسين والسيفاليكسين في مزيج لهما دون تداخل دواء مع الاخر.
The Importance of Anthropogenic Influence in Assessing the Ecological Condition of Cities in Uzbekistan (in the Case of Navoi)
Authors: Latipov Normurod Faxriddin o’g’li , Komilova Nilufar Karshiboevna 
Published: September 2023

يعتبر إنشاء سلسلة من الخرائط ، وتجميع المؤشرات البيئية ، وتقييم الحالة البيئية للمدن من المهام البحثية وثيقة الصلة بالموضوع. إن تزايد عدد السكان في المدن ، وإنشاء العديد من المؤسسات الصناعية والإنتاجية ، واستخدام المركبات ، كلها عوامل تساهم في تدهور البيئة. منطقة نافوي هي وحدة إدارية شابة تقع في وسط أوزبكستان. أما فيما يتعلق بالتنمية الصناعية فمنطقة نافوي هي الأولى بين الوحدات الإدارية في الجمهورية. يشكل الإنتاج في مدنها ، وخاصة الإنتاجية العالية للمؤسسات الصناعية الثقيلة ، والمشاكل البيئية بأشكال مختلفة بسبب الضغط البشري على البيئة الطبيعية ، وصحة السكان - الأمهات والأطفال وكبار السن - تهديدًا خطيرًا. نتيجة للضغط البشري المرتفع ، تتناقص المساحات الخضراء النظيفة بيئيًا. تحتل حصة صغيرة جدًا مقارنة بالمساحة الإجمالية. وهذا بدوره يمكن أن يسبب ضغوطًا بيئية في المدن الإقليمية الواقعة في المناطق القاحلة ، ويسبب فقدان المساحات الخضراء. إن توقع مثل هذه العواقب ومكافحتها أمر مهم بشكل خاص اليوم. تحلل هذه المقالة الظروف البيئية في منطقة نافوي ومدنها ، بالإضافة إلى العامل الأكثر أهمية الذي يؤثر عليها ، التأثيرات البشرية. تم تصنيف الأراضي لمنطقة المدينة بالإضافة إلى الاقتراحات والتوصيات. لهذا ، قمنا بتحليل وتجميع التصنيف الهيكلي لمنطقة المدن الإقليمية. نتيجة لأبحاثنا ، يمكننا أن نرى أن المخاطر البيئية عالية. في هذه المقالة ، تتم تغطية المعلمات الرئيسية للدراسة بحسابات دقيقة.
Experimental Study on Displacement Characteristics and Water/Air Ratio Limit for Wet In-Situ Combustion in Ultraheavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Liu Bingyan , Xi Changfeng , Liang Jinzhong , Liu Pengcheng , Zhao Fang , He Houfeng , Hua Daode , Liu Fengchao 
Published: September 2023

Summary
An ultraheavy oil block is undergoing a dry in-situ combustion field test in the Xinjiang oil fields, China. However, this method faces the problems of high air/oil ratio and low oil production rate. Researchers are exploring the feasibility of using wet in-situ combustion to improve economic efficiency and oil production rate. For this purpose, it is necessary to study the displacement characteristics and the water/air ratio (WAR) limit of wet in-situ combustion in ultraheavy oil reservoirs. In this study, we investigated the differences in displacement characteristics between wet and dry in-situ combustion by conducting 1D combustion model tests. The results show that wet in-situ combustion can transfer heat from the burned zone to the vicinity of the combustion front, forming a high-temperature area upstream and a steam zone downstream. The length of the high-temperature area reflects the stability of the wet in-situ combustion, and the length of the steam zone reflects the amount of heat that contributes to the oil displacement. We also designed a wet in-situ combustion experiment with a variable WAR to study the WAR limit. We found that wet in-situ combustion has three critical WARs in ultraheavy oil reservoirs—optimal, maximum, and minimum. If the WAR is too small, the effect of wet in-situ combustion will not be obvious enough. If the WAR is too large, it may affect the stability of the combustion. The length of the high-temperature area and the steam zone can be used to determine these three WAR limits. For the experimental crude oil, the optimal WAR was 8.182×10-3 m3/m3(st) at a ventilation intensity of 20 m3/(m2·h), which resulted in a high-temperature area of 20.8 cm and a steam zone of 41.6 cm in length. The maximum and minimum WARs were 13.636×10-3 m3/m3(st) and 2.727×10-3 m3/m3(st), respectively.
Rainfall Variability and Trends Analysis in the Sorghum Growing Semi-Arid Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Edao Agere Lupi , Dechassa Nigussie , Merga Feyera , Alemayehu Yibekal , Mesfin Tewodros 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

In Ethiopia, 60% of the land is covered by sorghum, and the climate affects the major producing regions.The objective of this work was to assess variability and trends of rainfall in the semi-arid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. 40 years of rainfall data were analyzed for 11 stations. The selected parameters were analyzed for rainfall variability and trend analysis was performed following Mann–Kendall methods. The start and end of the growing season, length of the growing period, and dry spells were analyzed for the stations. The results showed in all the locations was the highest mean monthly rainfall recorded in July, and August then followed by September. Compared to the longest rainy period (52.3–70.8%), the short rainy period (19.4–33.2%) contributes less rainfall to the annual rainfall which was also associated with high inter-seasonal variability (CV ranged from 31.5 to 88%) short rain season. PCI value in studied regions in all stations showed the existence of high concentration in seasonal rainfall distribution. Sen’s slope for NRVE, ERVE, and CRV increases by 0.02-0.81, 0.05-0.71, and 0.02-0.81 mm/yr. in September. Rainfall from 0.31-2.76 mm/yr. decreases to a 0.19-5.12 mm/yr increase in the short and main seasons. Rainfall has increased in some stations (from 0.042 to 3.88 mm/yr.) but decreased in five stations (1.29 to 3.71 mm/yr.). Stations with different rainfall onset and CV (4.9%–16.6%) have varying rainy seasons (24 to 200 days), which affect crop yield. Longer periods lower the risk; it rains every 90 days for crops. Optimize management based on LGP and rainfall variations at stations. Climate change risks crop yields. Consider early crops and rainwater collection.
Hinterland Ecosystem Services Supply for Urban Residents: Application of Heckmans Two Stage Model for Contingent Valuation Study in Mekelle City
Authors: weldegebriel Shishay 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Ecosystems provide a slew of benefits, ranging from supporting social and economic growth to mitigating and adapting to climate change. Hinterland ecosystem services are vital for rapidly urbanizing areas, and the people who live within them. The ecosystem services used up in Mekelle city are provided from the adjacent hinterlands. The current situation indicates that the hinterland ecosystem services supply sources and willingness to pay for its sustainable provision of ecosystem services remain unknown. This study was conducted to provide policy decision making and achieve an improved understanding of the causal relationships between the urban residents' willingness-to pay and hinterland ecosystem services sources. Household survey with 384 urban residents from seven Mekelle’s sub-cities was conducted. The study applied Heckman’s two stage model using STATA to analyze the factors affecting the residents’ WTP. To study hinterland ecosystem services satellite images were used and were analysed using ERDAS imagine 15 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. The results showed that 91.7% of the surveyed respondents are willing to pay for hinterland ecosystem services supply and had an average WTP of 2.21 USD per month. This could additionally enhance the perceptions of urban residents on ecosystem services. The factors that significantly influence WTP include variables M1(years of stay in Mekelle city), M2(Sex), occupation(M9), income (M10), family size(M11), water quantity (M12), water reliability(M13) and ecosystem services value recognition(M15).With regard to payout levels, the influencing factors include M1(Years of stay in Mekelle city), M2(sex), M9(Occupation), M10(Monthly income of your household), M11(Family size), M12(Water quantity), M13(Water reliability) and M15(Ecosystem services value recognition) are significantly related to WTP and payout levels. The results of this empirical study could help policy makers to understand better the ways to enhance ecosystem services supply for urban areas from hinterland ecosystem services and to identify effective policy instruments.
The initial study on the benefits of flushing with Lemuru fish oil as a source of DHA and EPA on the performance of reproductive parameters in Garut ewes
Authors: Nurlatifah Aeni , Herdis Herdis , Arifiantini Iis , Khotijah Lilis , Maidin Mashitah Shikh , Astuti Dewi Apri , Sitaresmi Pradita iustitia , Priyatno Tri Puji , Lestari Puji , Santoso Santoso , Pamungkas Fitra Aji , Hafid Anita , Adiati Umi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the effects of a flushing diet containing DHA and EPA from Lemuru fish oil on the reproductive performance parameters of Garut ewes. Forty (n = 40) primiparous Garut ewes aged 12–14 months with a body weight of 28.92 ± 4.94 kg were assigned into four experimental treatment groups. The experimental diets contained roughage : concentrate (30:70%) designated as control concentrate (CNT), flushing concentrate with 6% palm oil (PO), flushing concentrate with 3% palm oil mixed with 3% lemuru oil as DHA and EPA sources (PFO), and flushing concentrate with the addition of 6% lemuru oil (FO). Treatment animals were fed two weeks before and after conception and parturition (8 weeks of total flushing treatment). The addition of fish oil at either 3% (PFO) or 6% (FO) resulted in significantly higher reproductive performance of ewes by increasing the litter size, as reflected by the birth of multiple kids (P < 0.05) compared to CNT and PO. Adding fish oil (PFO and FO) also maintains gestation, resulting in increased kid yield, especially in the FO treatment, which yields the highest kid yield (0% single kid birth). The male ration lamb was also higher with fish oil supplementation (PFO and PO) (P < 0.05). Supplementation with fish oil could also maintain progesterone levels during the gestation period and some biochemical blood parameters. This study showed that using Lemuru fish oil 6% (FO) with a concentration of 1.34% DHA and EPA overall led to significantly higher reproductive performance in Garut sheep.
Society and Sexuality, An Experience of Support Group in a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: CHAUMARTIN Nadia , Blacioti Elena 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective: Describing our experience of a discussion group on sexuality for psychiatric inpatients.
Method: Alternating women, men and mixed sessions, to present the anatomy, the sexual physiology and open up a debate around psychosexuality and society.
Results: The women's group themes highlight the link between the sexuality and the female status in society. The men’s group themes concern the functional disorders around sexuality and the side effects of psychotropic drugs. The mixed group shows interest in informing the other gender of their needs and expectations. The mixed group also aims to receive non-binary patients.
Discussion: We see heterogeneity in the groups, gender differences and complementarity between men and women in the way they evoke their sexual and emotional life, and their relationship with sexual pleasure. The patients share their intimacy around emotional or sexual traumatic experiences. The themes highlight a sexuality under predominantly narcissistic traits, characteristic of narcissistic disorders/ borderline states or psychotic disorders. The group functions, as a therapeutic group providing psychological security. The physician-psychologist pair supports the links between biology and psyche regarding sexuality. A direct exchange and analysis between the caregivers after every session supports the idea that this group on «Society and sexuality» is not only a method of expanding knowledge for both, ourselves, and the patients, but also a method of treatment, because we witness transformations on an individual level and on a group psychic work level.
Conclusion: A psycho educational and therapeutical speech group about society and sexuality in a psychiatric hospital generates dialogue that is part of global patient care.
Politicization Undermines Trust in Institutions, Even Among the Ideologically Aligned Public
Authors: Clark Cory , Isch Calvin , Everett Jim , Shariff Azim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Six studies (five preregistered; total n = 5,925 U.S. adults), testing 40 institutions (e.g., journalists, the World Health Organization, police officers) and 30 academic disciplines (e.g., economists, psychologists, public health) found that perceived politicization—the extent to which political values impact an institution’s work—was associated with lower trust, lower willingness to defer to expertise, lower financial support, and greater skepticism. Institutions and disciplines perceived as the most politicized were also overwhelmingly the least trusted (Studies 1 & 4). Experimental evidence indicated that increasing politicization of a particular organization (e.g., Economics Professors of America) not only caused these negativeoutcomes, but also undermined trust toward entire broader professional groups (e.g., all economists in general; Studies 3 & 5). These negative relationships were observed among both participants who shared and opposed the institution’s ideological slant. In other words, both left- and right-leaning participants were less trusting of both left- and right-leaning institutions that appeared more politicized.Attempts to experimentally decrease perceived politicization mostly failed (Studies 2a, 2b & 5).Although institutions may have important and instrumental reasons for taking political stances, these data reveal that there are costs in trust and support among the entire ideological spectrum of the public.
Frugivores enhance potential carbon recovery in fragmented tropical landscapes
Authors: Bello Carolina , Crowther Thomas , Ramos Danielle , Moran Teresa , Dent Daisy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Forest restoration is fundamental to overcoming biodiversity crises and climate change. However, restoration success remains challenging. In tropical forests, animals can improve forest recovery as they disperse > 70% of tree species. Until now, representing animals in restoration and climate change policies remains challenging because we lack a quantitative assessment of their contribution to forest and carbon recovery. Here, we used individual-based models to assess frugivore-mediated seed rain in open areas along a fragmentation gradient. Movements of large birds were limited in landscapes with > 40% forest cover, although small birds continued to disperse seeds. Large birds disperse seeds from late-successional species with higher carbon-storage potential. Therefore, their restricted movement reduced by 35% the potential carbon that can be absorbed. Maintaining forest cover > 40% is essential to optimize animals' contribution to restoration success. In contrast, active restoration (e.g., planting trees) is required in fragmented landscapes to achieve carbon and biodiversity targets.
Anomalous latitudinal gradients in parasitoid wasp diversity - hotspots in regions with larger temperature range.
Authors: Castellanos-Labarcena Jessica , Steinke Dirk , Adamowicz Sarah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Parasitoid wasps are among the shortlist of taxa showing an anomalous latitudinal diversity gradient. Using the largest georeferenced molecular dataset, we used a macrogenetics approach to explore the spatial relationship between intra- and interspecific levels of diversity and potential environmental variables influencing the anomalous diversity pattern. Nucleotide diversity values were consistently higher at temperate latitudes, peaking at 50 degrees. We found a positive but weak relationship between intraspecific diversity and the latitude, between intra- and interspecific diversity, and a significant positive effect of the temperature range. Examining the spatial relationship between these levels of biodiversity and its drivers is particularly relevant considering climate change and its impact on species distribution. Yet, in insects, it has been challenging to integrate ecological, evolutionary, and geographical components when analyzing the processes leading to species richness gradients. Our study demonstrates how macrogenetics analyses of large-scale patterns of diversity provide insights into potential causes.
Impact of school pedagogy on the spatiotemporal brain network dynamics of students
Authors: Zanchi Paola , Mullier Emeline , Fornari Eleonora , de Dumast Priscille , Gomez Yasser Aleman , Ledoux Jean-Baptiste , Beaty Roger , Hagmann Patric , Denervaud Solange 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Across development, experience has a strong impact on the way we think and adapt. School experience affects academic and social-emotional outcomes, yet the extent to which pedagogy modulates underlying brain network development is still unknown. In this study, we compared brain network dynamics of students with different pedagogical backgrounds. Specifically, we characterized the diversity and stability of brain activity at rest by combining both resting-state fMRI and diffusion-weighted structural imaging data of 87 4-18 years-old students experiencing either the Montessori pedagogy (i.e., student-led, trial-and-error pedagogy) or the traditional pedagogy (i.e., teacher-led, test-based pedagogy). Our results revealed spatiotemporal brain dynamics differences between students as a function of schooling experience at the whole-brain level. Students from Montessori schools showed overall higher functional integration (higher system diversity) and neural stability (lower spatiotemporal diversity) compared to traditionally-schooled students. Higher integration was explained mainly through the cerebellar (CBL) functional network, while higher temporal stability was observed in the ventral attention (VA), dorsal attention (DA), somatomotor (SM), frontoparietal (FP), and CBL functional networks. This study suggests a form of experience-dependent dynamic functional connectivity plasticity, in learning-related networks.