bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the “Black Box” of Recommendation Generation in Local Health Care Incident Investigations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lea William , Lawton Rebecca , Vincent Charles , O’Hara Jane 
Published: September 2023

Background
Incident investigation remains a cornerstone of patient safety management and improvement, with recommendations meant to drive action and improvement. There is little empirical evidence about how—in real-world hospital settings—recommendations are generated or judged for effectiveness.

Objectives
Our research questions, concerning internal hospital investigations, were as follows: (1) What approaches to incident investigation are used before the generation of recommendations? (2) What are the processes for generating recommendations after a patient safety incident investigation? (3) What are the number and types of recommendations proposed? (4) What criteria are used, by hospitals or study authors, to assess the quality or strength of recommendations made?

Methods
Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a scoping review. Studies were included if they reported data from investigations undertaken and recommendations generated within hospitals. Review questions were answered with content analysis, and extracted recommendations were categorized and counted.

Results
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Root cause analysis was the dominant investigation approach, but methods for recommendation generation were unclear. A total of 4579 recommendations were extracted, largely focusing on individuals’ behavior rather than addressing deficiencies in systems (<7% classified as strong). Included studies reported recommendation effectiveness as judged against predefined “action” hierarchies or by incident recurrence, which was not comprehensively reported.

Conclusions
Despite the ubiquity of incident investigation, there is a surprising lack of evidence concerning how recommendation generation is or should be undertaken. Little evidence is presented to show that investigations or recommendations result in improved care quality or safety. We contend that, although incident investigations remain foundational to patient safety, more enquiry is needed about how this important work is actually achieved and whether it can contribute to improving quality of care.
Comparison of Patient Education Materials Generated by Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer Versus Experts
Authors: Hung Ya-Ching , Chaker Sara C. , Sigel Matthew , Saad Mariam , Slater Elizabeth D. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction
Improving patient education materials may improve patient outcomes. This study aims to explore the possibility of generating patient education materials with the assistance of a large language model, Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT). In addition, we compare the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT-generated materials versus expert-generated materials.

Methods
Patient education materials in implant-based breast reconstruction were generated by experts and ChatGPT independently. Readability and accuracy of the materials are the main outcomes. Readability of the materials was compared using Flesch-Kincaid score. Accuracy of the materials generated by ChatGPT was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers. Content errors are categorized into information errors, statistical errors, and multiple errors (errors more than 2 types).

Results
The content generated by experts had higher readability. The Flesch-Kincaid score is at the 7.5 grade for expert-generated materials, whereas the content generated by ChatGPT is at the 10.5 grade (despite ChatGPT being asked to generate content at the seventh grade level). The accuracy of ChatGPT-generated content is 50%, with most errors being information errors. ChatGPT often provides information about breast reduction or breast augmentation, despite being asked specifically about breast reconstruction. Despite its limitation, ChatGPT significantly reduced the time required to generate patient education materials. Although it takes experts 1 month to generate patient education materials, ChatGPT generates materials within 30 minutes.

Conclusions
ChatGPT can be a powerful starting tool to generate patient education materials. However, its readability and accuracy still require improvements.
Propofol for treatment resistant depression: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tadler Scott C. , Jones Keith G. , Lybbert Carter , Huang Jason C. , Jawish Rana , Solzbacher Daniela , Kendrick E. Jeremy , Pierson Matthew D. , Weischedel Kamile , Rana Noreen , Jacobs Rebecca , Vonesh Lily C. , Feldman Daniel A. , Larson Claire , Hoffman Nathan , Jessop Jacob E. , Larson Adam L. , Taylor Norman E. , Odell David H. , Kuck Kai , Mickey Brian J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnesthetic agents including ketamine and nitrous oxide have shown antidepressant properties when appropriately dosed. Our recent open-label trial of propofol, an intravenous anesthetic known to elicit transient positive mood effects, suggested that it may also produce robust and durable antidepressant effects when administered at a high dose that elicits an electroencephalographic (EEG) burst-suppression state. Here we report findings from a randomized controlled trial (NCT03684447) that compared two doses of propofol. We hypothesized greater improvement with a high dose that evoked burst suppression versus a low dose that did not.MethodsParticipants with moderate-to-severe, treatment-resistant depression were randomized to a series of 6 treatments at low versus high dose (n=12 per group). Propofol infusions were guided by real-time processed frontal EEG to achieve predetermined pharmacodynamic criteria. The primary and secondary depression outcome measures were the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-24) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Secondary scales measured suicidal ideation, anxiety, functional impairment, and quality of life.ResultsTreatments were well tolerated and blinding procedures were effective. The mean [95%-CI] change in HDRS-24 score was −5.3 [−10.3, −0.2] for the low-dose group and −9.3 [−12.9, −5.6] for the high-dose group (17% versus 33% reduction). The between-group effect size (standardized mean difference) was −0.56 [−1.39, 0.28]. The group difference was not statistically significant (p=0.24, linear model). The mean change in PHQ-9 score was −2.0 [−3.9, −0.1] for the low dose and −4.8 [−7.7, −2.0] for the high dose. The between-group effect size was −0.73 [−1.59, 0.14] (p=0.09). Secondary outcomes favored the high dose (effect sizes magnitudes 0.1 - 0.9) but did not generally reach statistical significance (p>0.05).ConclusionsThe medium-sized effects observed between doses in this small, controlled, clinical trial suggest that propofol may have dose-dependent antidepressant effects. The findings also provide guidance for subsequent trials. A larger sample size and additional treatments in series are likely to enhance the ability to detect dose-dependent effects. Future work is warranted to investigate potential antidepressant mechanisms and dose optimization.
Bayesian Maximum Entropy Ensemble Refinement
Authors: Eltzner Benjamin , Hofstadler Julian , Rudolf Daniel , Habeck Michael , de Groot Bert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe principle of maximum entropy provides a canonical way to include measurement results into a thermodynamic ensemble. Observable features of a thermodynamic system, which are measured as averages over an ensemble are included into the partition function by using Lagrange multipliers. Applying this principle to the system’s energy leads to the well-known exponential form of the Boltzmann probability density. Here, we present a Bayesian approach to the estimation of maximum entropy parameters from nuclear Overhauser effect measurements in order to achieve a refined ensemble in molecular dynamics simulations. To achieve this goal, we leverage advances in the treatment of doubly intractable Bayesian inference problems by adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We illustrate the properties and viability of our method for alanine dipeptide as a simple model system and trp-cage as an example for a more complex peptide.
An abundance of brain-expressed genes show ectopic activation in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Diacofotaki Anna , Loriot Axelle , De Smet Charles 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTumoral transformation processes sometimes include activation of unscheduled gene expression programs in the cancer cells. This is best exemplified by the so-called cancer-testis (CT) genes, a group of genes expressed in testicular germ cells that become activated in tumors of various somatic origins, through a process of DNA demethylation. Here, we explored the possibility that other tissue-specific gene clusters may become ectopically activated in tumors. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was used as a model, as all necessary transcriptomic datasets were available, including that ofAT2cells, the cell-of- origin of LUAD. We found that besides CT genes, an abundant group of genes expressed in the brain (CB genes, n=63) or in both brain and testis (CBT genes, n=28) become aberrantly activated in LUAD cell lines and tissues. Interestingly, activation of CB and CBTgene clusters was also detected in various other tumor types. Most CB/CBT genes appeared to exert neuronal functions. Moreover, a significant number of them encode antigens involved in neurological paraneoplastic syndromes. Neither neuroendocrine transdifferentiation, which occurs in 10-20% LUAD, nor DNA demethylation appeared to be responsible of the ectopic activation of CB and CBTgene clusters. Instead, prediction tools and depletion experiments identified the REST repressor as a regulator of a number of CB/CBT genes.Conclusion:Together, our data indicate that tumor development is associated with aberrant activation of a brain gene expression program, supporting the assumption that acquisition of neuronal functions might contribute to malignancy.
Local Mean and Pattern Standard Deviation Map for Disease Staging in Glaucoma
Authors: Mock Dennis C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor monitoring disease progression in glaucoma, perimetric measurements as global indices such as the mean deviation and standard pattern deviation for the visual field perimetry do not maintain a consistent diagnostic sensitivity over the entire data range. Here an analytical approach that assumes an underlying Gaussian mixture model describing the normal visual field offers an alternative solution to this situation.
A role for LGI1 in regulating pain sensitivity
Authors: Farah Adham , Paul Ivan , Cheng Hoi , Su Yuhe , Poplawski Piotr , Tseng Mandy , Dawes John 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChronic pain represents a major unmet clinical need. Neuropathic pain, that is pain arising due to damage or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, represents a sizeable proportion of chronic pain cases, affecting around 8% of the general population. Neuronal hyperexcitability is a key driver of neuropathic pain. Leucine glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), is a secreted protein known to regulate excitability within the nervous system and is the target of autoantibodies from neuropathic pain patients. Therapies that block or reduce antibody levels are highly effective at relieving pain in these patients, suggesting that LGI1 has an important role in clinical pain. Here we have studied the role of LGI1 in regulating pain using mouse models to specifically ablate LGI1 in neuron populations. LGI1 has been well studied at the level of the brain. Here we show that LGI1 is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord. Using transgenic mice, we ablated LGI1, either specifically in nociceptors (LGI1fl/Nav1.8(+/-)), or in all DRG and spinal neurons (LGI1fl/Hoxb8(+/-)). On acute pain assays, mild phenotypes were observed when compared to littermate controls with limited changes in DRG neuron excitability. No differences were seen in the first phase of the formalin test, however LGI1fl/Hoxb8(+/-)mice displayed a significant increase in nocifensive behaviours in the second phase compared to littermate controls. Using the spared nerve injury model, we assessed the impact of LGI1 ablation on neuropathic pain-like behaviours. LGI1fl/Nav1.8(+/-)mice showed no differences in nerve injury induced mechanical hypersensitivity, brush-evoked allodynia or spontaneous pain behaviour compared to controls. However, LGI1fl/Hoxb8(+/-)mice showed a significant exacerbation of mechanical hypersensitivity and allodynia. These data show that LGI1 has a role in regulating pain sensitivity particularly in the context of nerve injury. We suggest this effect is likely mediated at the spinal level since no differences were observed following specific ablation of LGI1 in nociceptors. Neurons in dorsal horn of the spinal cord are important in gating nerve injury induced mechanical pain and our findings suggest that LGI1 plays an important role in this process.
Predicting genomic traits in ammonia-oxidizing archaea using phylogenetic signals
Authors: Redondo Miguel A. , Jones Christopher M. , Legendre Pierre , Guénard Guillaume , Hallin Sara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhylogenetic conservatism of microbial traits has paved the way for phylogeny-based predictions, allowing us to move from descriptive to predictive functional microbial ecology. Here, we applied phylogenetic eigenvector mapping, an approach not previously used for microorganisms, to predict key traits of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), which are important players in nitrogen cycling. Using 168 nearly complete AOA genomes and metagenome assembled genomes from public databases, we predicted the distribution of 18 ecologically relevant genes across an updatedamoAgene phylogeny, including a novel variant of an ammonia transporter found in this study. Of the selected genes, 94% displayed a significant phylogenetic signal and gene presence was predicted with >88% accuracy, >88% sensitivity, and >80% specificity. The phylogenetic eigenvector approach performed equally well as ancestral state reconstruction of traits. We implemented the predictive models on anamoAsequencing dataset of AOA soil communities and show key ecological predictions, e.g., that AOA communities in nitrogen rich soils have capacity for ureolytic metabolism while those adapted to low pH soils have the high affinity ammonia transporter (amt2). Predicting genomic traits can shed light on the potential functions that microbes perform across earth biomes, further contributing to a better mechanistic understanding of their community assembly.
Inflammation and autophagy dysfunction in metachromatic leukodystrophy: a central role for mTOR?
Authors: Catchpole Zoe , Hartanto Annabelle , Kataura Tetsushi , Palmowski Pawel , Porter Andrew , Foster Emma , Ulicna Kristina , Pyle Angela , Taylor Robert , Harris Kate S. , Korolchuk Viktor , Erskine Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder typically resulting from biallelic loss-of-function variants in theARSAgene which encodes the lysosomal enzyme, arylsulphatase A, leading to the accumulation of its substrate, sulphatide, and widespread demyelination. Although gene therapy is available for MLD, it is limited by high cost and a narrow window for intervention, which means the development of therapies for MLD remains a key goal. The aim of the present study was to explore disease mechanisms in MLD with a view to identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention for patients who cannot avail of gene therapy.Postmortemglobus pallidus and dentate nucleus tissue was obtained from MLD cases (N=5; age 2-33 years old) and compared to age-, sex and ethnicity matched controls (N=5) and studied using discovery proteomics which demonstrated a marked inflammatory response, activation of the mTOR pathway, oxidative stress and metabolic remodelling in MLD cases. Histological analysis of inflammatory markers, including the terminal fragment of complement pathway activation, C3d, and the secreted glycoprotein YKL-40, a commonly used biomarker for inflammation, demonstrated their enrichment in MLD cases. Given that the mTOR pathway plays a key role in supressing autophagy, we next investigated autophagy and identified the accumulation of autophagosomes in MLD cases, consistent with deficient autophagy. Taken together, these findings suggest inflammation and autophagy dysfunction are key processes involved in MLD and that the mTOR pathway could be a novel therapeutic target for MLD.
Replay-triggered Brain-wide Activation in Humans
Authors: Huang Qi , Xiao Zhibing , Yu Qianqian , Luo Yuejia , Xu Jiahua , Dolan Ray , Behrens Tim , Liu Yunzhe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe consolidation of discrete experiences into a coherent narrative shape our cognitive map, providing a structured mental representation of our experiences. Neural replay, by fostering crucial hippocampal-cortical dialogue, is thought to be pivotal in this process. However, the brain-wide engagement coinciding with replay bursts remains largely unexplored. In this study, by employing simultaneous EEG-fMRI, we capture both the spatial and temporal dynamics of replay. We find that during mental simulation, the strength of on-task replay, as detected via EEG, correlates with heightened fMRI activity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Intriguingly, increased replay strength also enhances the functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the default mode network, a set of brain regions key to representing cognitive map. Furthermore, during the post-learning resting state, we observed a positive association between increased task-related reactivation, hippocampal activity, and augmented connectivity to the entorhinal cortex. Our findings elucidate the neural mechanism of human replay in both time and space, providing novel insights into dynamics of replay and associated brain-wide activation.
From differences to strengths: strategies for embracing generational diversity at workplace
Authors: Malik Shehla , Shahid Shadma 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
With every successful organization embracing various facets of diversity in this new era, one such facet that is lesser talked about but has huge potential to bring organizational success is “Generational Diversity.” This paper emphasizes the significance of multiple generations in the workplace and suggests organization led strategies for achieving the benefits of generational diversity.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on extant literature and knowledge in the field of generational diversity. By reviewing the characteristics, values, work styles and perspectives of multiple generations, this paper offer several strategies to successfully manage and leverage generational diversity.

Findings
This paper provides an overview of generational diversity and insights on its relevance at workplace. Besides, it also enlists and emphasizes eight different strategies that can help the organizations embrace and leverage the strengths of multiple generations at workplace.

Practical implications
Diversity & Inclusion (D&I) teams responsible for nurturing a diverse and inclusive culture at work can design and implement the strategies specified in this paper as per the suitability of their cohort(s) of employees to achieve the benefits of multigenerational workforce in organizations.

Originality/value
Generational diversity at workplace is an important factor toward achieving organizational success. For organizations with age-diverse workforce driving relentlessly toward success, there is a need to design and implement customized strategies and practices for managing multiple generations successfully. This study attempts to address this need by highlighting several organization led strategies to manage multiple generations successfully at workplace.
Feeling the squeeze: EMNEs’ international expansion as a driver of nonmarket political strategy at home
Authors: da Silva Jaison Caetano , Marcon Rosilene , Parente Ronaldo , Gambirage Cinara 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of international expansion of emerging markets multinationals (EMNEs) on the home country nonmarket political strategy and why some EMNEs intensify this political tie more than others.

Design/methodology/approach
We test our theoretical framework using longitudinal data, with 16 years of observations, in Multilatinas and state loans from Brazil, one of the main outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) players in the world and the OFDI leader in Latin America.

Findings
Theoretically grounded on the institution-based view of strategy, it can be postulated that international expansion is a driver of home country nonmarket political strategy. It can also be hypothesized that political tie intensity is affected by the capacity of EMNEs to deal with international expansion issues without having to depend on relationship with homes country nonmarket political actors. The results provide support for the hypotheses presented.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the EMNE internationalization literature by extending the understanding of the underlying motivations and forces shaping the home country nonmarket political strategy of multinationals from emerging markets and, thus, helping understand why some EMNEs tend to be more politically active than others. Likewise, the study contributes to advancing understanding regarding the home country strategic responses adopted by Multilatinas and the forces behind the nonmarket political strategies they employ in their international expansions, especially during turbulent times.
Heat transfer and thermal efficiency enhancement using twisted tapes in sinusoidal wavy tubes with nanofluids: a numerical study
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mohammad , Montazeri Mohammad Hossein , Mirzaie Mojtaba 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to propose a novel implementation of twisted tape in sinusoidal wavy-walled tubes to enhance the rate of heat transfer without compromising thermal efficiency. The study numerically investigates the fluid flow characteristics and analyzes the effect of different geometrical configurations, including wall wave amplitude, tape twist angles and nanoparticle volume fractions, on heat transfer improvement and performance factor.

Design/methodology/approach
This problem is numerically investigated using computational fluid dynamics, and the method is the finite volume method. A two-phase mixture model is used for nanofluid modeling.

Findings
The study investigated the effect of wall waviness, twisted tape, and nanoparticles on forced convective heat transfer and friction factor behavior in laminar pipe flow in three different Reynolds number regimes. The results showed that implementing twisted tape in wavy tubes significantly increased the rate of heat transfer and the performance factor, with the best twist ratio between 90 and 180°. Adding nanoparticles also enhanced heat transfer and performance factor, but to a lesser extent than wavy wall-twisted tape combinations. The study suggests selecting a proper combination of wavy wall and twisted tape at each Reynolds number to achieve an optimum solution.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the implementation of the selected passive methods in sinusoidal wavy tubes has not been studied before, and no previous studies have taken into account such a mix of heat transfer improvement techniques.