bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Binary Oppositions? The Elusive Identity of the International Organization in Contemporary International Law
Authors: Collins Richard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Much of the conceptual work on international organizations situates the identity, nature or legal form of the institution between binary oppositions: ‘open’ vs ‘closed’, ‘agora’ vs ‘actor’, ‘contract’ vs ‘constitution’, etc. These oppositions are informative and revealing of tensions underpinning different aspects of international institutions: the extent to which they are vehicles for their member states versus autonomous actors in their own right; that they have limited, derivative and defined powers, but are also able to evolve and adapt to take on new competences and unforeseen powers, and so on. At the same time, insofar as many of the core doctrines of international institutional law, on e.g. personality, powers, responsibility, etc., rely most heavily on the European Union and the United Nations – arguably two of the most unique institutional structures – as evidence for these doctrinal developments, it is clear that there is something more special, unique, indeed sui generis that needs to be thrown into the conceptual mix in order to fully understand the nature and importance of international institutions in contemporary international law. In this way, I will argue, international institutions have a more complex identity and relationship with international law in which they not only exist within (closed) and as part of (open) contemporary international law, but also aim to overcome its limitations, to transform it in some way. For this reason, rather than being competing understandings of international institutions, the interplay between these kinds of binary oppositions actually only reflect back broader theoretical tensions ingrained within international law as a decentralised legal system – a condition which makes it impossible to definitely ‘pin down’ the seemingly elusive identity of the international organization. However, it is also a condition which allows for the construction of tentative hierarchies and forms of more centralised governance within international law, whilst always leaving scope (through legal form) to challenge any such pretentions to authority. This article is part of the iolr Special Forum on ‘Contested Fundamentals of the Law of International Organizations’.
Wonderful Mind: Convergentism and the Crusade Against Evolutionary Progress
Authors: Powell Rachell , Mikhalevich Irina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Stephen Jay Gould argued that the shape of animal life as we know it is a radically contingent accident of history determined more by fortune than comparative functional merit. Acknowledging the formative role of contingency in macroevolution is crucial, Gould believed, to vanquishing the lingering vestiges of progressivism that continue to buttress anthropocentric views of life. Gould’s contingency thesis has come under fire in recent years by proponents of convergent evolution who argue that not only is replication ubiquitous in evolution, but also that it indicates an evolutionary process charging inexorably toward ever more complex and human-like outcomes. We argue here that although convergentist approaches are widely seen as inimical to the Gouldian view of life, in fact the two are indispensable allies in the anti-progressivist crusade, particularly in relation to the evolution of mind. We illustrate this by examining the progressivist foundations of comparative cognition science and the ongoing resistance to attributions of convergent minds.
Learning the Art of Memory by Doing: Diagrams as Material Objects and Embodied Teaching Tools in Early Modern Mnemonics
Authors: Poupard Clément 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article aims to highlight the significance of embodied interaction between readers and early modern diagrams, with a specific focus on the art of memory. The Rhetorica ad Herennium and Renaissance rhetoric and mnemonic manuals describe this technique as a visualization of images that symbolize information and are placed into imaginary loci, typically real or fictitious buildings. Diagrams were often used to convey the spatial order of these buildings, thus playing a crucial role in the transmission of mnemonic knowledge. Consequently, the materiality of these diagrams was instrumental in the success or failure of mnemonics manuals, as evidenced in Jacobus Publicius and Girolamo Marafioto’s manuals. The strategic importance of diagrams also explains why teachers like Johannes Henricus Döbel strove to accurately represent three-dimensional diagrams in two-dimensional printed sheets. These different case-studies underline the importance to consider diagrams not only as intellectual tools but also as material objects implying physical actions.
Shifting Comprehension in Novels by Abdulrazak Gurnah and Zoë Wicomb: Lingualism in Action
Authors: Helgesson Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In an attempt to conceptualise literary multilingualism—or just “lingualism,” to use Robert Stockhammer’s term—without reifying language boundaries, this article reads literary fiction as a negotiation of different regimes of comprehensibility. These negotiations occur (1) on the level of the story-world, (2) materially, in the mediation of the narrative as book artefact and (3) between these two levels. Lingualism, then, is not just context-sensitive but context-constituted. The apparently anarchic freedom of literary language is held in check by regimes of comprehensibility that ensure that even nonsense will carry meaning. The article’s analysis of works by Abdulrazak Gurnah and Zoë Wicomb shows how they engage potentially transformative moments of (in) comprehensibility in what Pratt named the colonial “contact zone.”
Assimilation of AMSU-A Surface-Sensitive Channels in CMA_GFS 4D-Var System over Land
Authors: Xiao Hongyi , Li Juan , Liu Guiqing , Wang Liwen , Bai Yihong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The assimilation of two surface-sensitive channels of the AMSU-A instruments on board the NOAA-15/NOAA-18/NOAA-19 and MetOp-A/MetOp-B satellites over land was achieved in the China Meteorological Administration Global Forecast System (CMA_GFS). The land surface emissivity was calculated by 1) the window channel retrieval method and 2) the Tool to Estimate Land Surface Emissivities at Microwave frequencies (TELSEM2). Quality controls for these satellite microwave observations over land were conducted. The predictors and regression coefficients used for oceanic satellite data were retained during the bias correction over land and found to perform well. Three batch experiments were implemented in CMA_GFS with 4D-Var: 1) assimilating only the default data, and adding the above data over land with land surface emissivity obtained from 2) TELSEM2 and 3) the window channel retrieval method. The results indicated that the window channel retrieval method can better reduce the departure between the observed and simulated brightness temperature. Over most land types, the positive impacts of this method exceed those of TELSEM2. Both TELSEM2 and the window channel retrieval method improve the humidity analysis near the ground, as well as the forecast capability globally, particularly in those regions where the land coverage is greater, such as in the Northern Hemisphere. The data utilization of the two surface-sensitive channels increase by 6% and 12%, respectively, and the additional data every 6 h can cover most land, where there was no surface-sensitive data assimilated before. This study marks the beginning of near-surface channel assimilation over land in CMA_GFS and represents a breakthrough in the assimilation of other surface-sensitive channels in other satellite instruments.

Significance Statement
Surface-sensitive microwave channels are difficult to assimilate in NWP due to the lack of both direct measurement and appropriate modeling for instantaneous land surface emissivity. This paper discusses a method that improves the surface emissivity estimates, which has allowed the utilization of surface-sensitive microwave channels in CMA_GFS. Those capabilities have resulted in better data utilization, improved forecasts of temperature, geopotential height, and winds in the Northern Hemisphere at 3–7 days, and represent an incremental and important improvement to CMA_GFS.
Characterizing the 2019 Midwest Flood: A Hydrologic and Socioeconomic Perspective
Authors: Kraft Lily L. , Villarini Gabriele , Czajkowski Jeffrey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During the spring of 2019, severe flooding across the U.S. Midwest caused widespread damage to communities in the Missouri and Mississippi River basins. While it is known that flood magnitude and economic damage are often related, little work exists to examine these factors simultaneously. In this study, we analyze both the hydrologic and socioeconomic characteristics of the 2019 Midwest flood to gain a comprehensive understanding of impacts to individuals, households, and communities. We examine flood magnitude, duration, and probability of occurrence in tandem with claim and grant applications from federal disaster recovery programs, such as the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and the Individual and Households Program (IHP). Overall, we find that many areas, particularly in Nebraska and Iowa, experienced moderate or major flooding due to historic discharge magnitudes. In these states, NFIP claims totaled more than $31 million and IHP applications exceeded $42 million in reported damages. In most cases, counties that reported a high density of insurance claims or grant applications overlapped with regions with significant flooding. We also identify the economic advantages to NFIP policyholders for flood recovery in terms of aid eligibility and financial aid amounts.
Eco-friendly and multifunctional aluminum flake/carbon fiber/cellulose composite papers with electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Yildirim Ferhat 
Published: June 2023

Recycling every viable material to produce new value-added products not only reduces waste, but also provides an opportunity to create sustainable and innovative solutions while preserving our natural resources. With this motivation, electrically conductive one-dimensional carbon fibers and two-dimensional aluminum flakes reinforced cellulose matrix composite papers were manufactured using recycled materials with a scalable, eco-friendly, and low-cost papermaking process. The designed composite paper showed 36.1 dB electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMSE) with an absorbance-dominated performance by absorbing 98.85% of electromagnetic waves. An efficient impedance matching was obtained on the composite paper surface using reinforcements with different morphologies. Cellulose paper samples were converted to electrically conductive composites (0.415 S/cm), and the electrical conductivity was altered by tailoring the reinforcement ratios. Thermo-mechanical test results revealed that the cellulose matrix’s storage modulus was increased from 1.44 to 2.1 GPa with a 46.5% improvement. The composite cellulose paper represented increased hydrophilicity with higher porosity. The environmentally friendly composite paper responses to the escalating environmental worries and possesses a tremendous possibility of being utilized as an electromagnetic shielding material.
Change of frontal sinus in age of according to the international frontal sinus anatomy classification
Authors: Köksal Ali , Tuğtağ Demir Berin , Çankal Fatih 
Published: June 2023

Background The radiological and surgical anatomy of the frontal sinus should be well-known in all age groups to successfully manage frontal sinus diseases and reduce the risk of complications in sinus surgery. Purpose To define frontal sinus and frontal cells according to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) criteria in pediatrics and adults. Material and Methods A total of 320 frontal recess regions of 160 individuals (80 pediatric, 80 adults) who underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan of the paranasal sinus (PNS) were included in the study. Agger nasi cells, supra agger cells, supra agger frontal cells, suprabullar cells, suprabullar frontal cells, supraorbital ethmoid cells, and frontal septal cells were evaluated in the CT analysis. Results The incidence rates of the investigated cells were determined to be 93.1%, 41.9%, 60.0%, 76.3%, 58.5%, 18.8%, and 0% in the pediatric group, respectively, and 86.3%, 35.0%, 44.4%, 54.4%, 46.9%, 19.4%, and 3.4% in the adult group, respectively. Considering the unilateral and bilateral incidence of the cells, agger nasi cells were highly observed bilaterally in both the pediatric group (89.87%) and the adult group (86.48%). Conclusion Our study results show that IFAC can be used as a guide to increase the chance of surgical treatment in the pediatric and adult groups and that the prevalence of frontal cells can be determined radiologically and contributes to the generation of estimations of the prevalence of frontal cells.
Sorafenib as first-line treatment for patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma: an outcome evaluation
Authors: Nguyen Dung Thi , Nguyen Duong Hoang , Nguyen Van Thi Hong 
Published: June 2023

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes following first-line treatment with sorafenib in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with primary HCC that had been treated with sorafenib. Their data were collected from the hospital medical records database at three time-points: after three cycles, after six cycles and at the end of the sorafenib treatment regimen. The starting dose was 800 mg/day sorafenib but this could be reduced to 600 mg/day or 400 mg/day if patients developed adverse events (AEs). Results A total of 98 patients participated in the study. Of these, nine (9.2%) had a partial response, 47 patients (48.0%) had stable disease and 42 patients (42.9%) had progressive disease. The overall disease control rate was 57.1% (56 of 98 patients). Median progression-free survival for the overall cohort was 4.7 months. The most common AEs were hand-foot skin reaction (49 of 98 patients; 50.0%), fatigue (41 of 98 patients; 41.8%), appetite loss (39 of 98 patients; 39.8%) and hepatotoxicity/transaminitis (24 of 98 patients; 24.5%). The majority of the AEs were toxicity grades 1 and 2. Conclusion Sorafenib as a first-line treatment for primary HCC patients provided survival benefits and the AEs were well tolerated by patients.
Incidence of postoperative delirium in surgical patients: An observational retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xiang Peter Y , Boyle Luke , Short Timothy G , Deng Carolyn , Campbell Douglas 
Published: June 2023

Summary Perioperative neurocognitive disorders including postoperative delirium (POD) are common complications of anaesthesia and surgery, associated with morbidity, mortality and a large economic cost. Currently, limited data are available on the incidence of POD in the New Zealand population. The objective of this study was to utilise New Zealand national level datasets to identify the incidence of POD. Our primary outcome was defined as a diagnosis of delirium via ICD 9/10 coding within seven days of surgery. We also analysed demographic, anaesthetic and surgical characteristics. All adult patients undergoing any surgical intervention under sedation, regional, general or neuraxial anaesthesia were included, and patients who received surgical intervention under local anaesthetic infiltration alone were excluded. We reviewed ten years of patient admissions from 2007 to 2016. Our sample size was 2,249,910 patients. The incidence of POD was 1.9%, much lower than previously observed, potentially indicating significant under-reporting of POD in this national level database. With acknowledgement of the limitations of potential undercoding and under-reporting, we found that the incidence of POD was higher with increasing age, male sex, general anaesthesia, Māori ethnicity, increasing comorbidity, surgical severity and emergency surgery. A diagnosis of POD was associated with increased mortality and hospital length of stay. Our results highlight potential risk factors of POD and disparities in health outcomes in New Zealand. Additionally, these findings suggest systemic under-reporting of POD in national level datasets.
Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes – International (CaMEO-I) Study: Methods and multi-country baseline findings for diagnosis rates and care
Authors: Adams Aubrey Manack , Buse Dawn C. , Leroux Elizabeth , Lanteri-Minet Michel , Sakai Fumihiko , Matharu Manjit S. , Katsarava Zaza , Reed Michael L. , Fanning Kristina , Sommer Katherine , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: June 2023

Background The Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes-International study provides insight into people with migraine in multiple countries. Methods This cross-sectional, observational, web-based cohort study was conducted in Canada, France, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States. An initial Screening Module survey solicited general healthcare information from a representative sample and identified participants with migraine based on modified International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria; those with migraine completed a detailed survey based on validated migraine-specific assessments. Results Among 90,613 people who correctly completed the screening surveys, 76,121 respondents did not meet the criteria for migraine, while 14,492 did. Among respondents with migraine, mean age ranged from 40 to 42 years. The median number of monthly headache days ranged from 2.33 to 3.33 across countries, while the proportion of respondents with moderate-to-severe disability (measured by Migraine Disability Assessment) ranged from 30% (Japan) to 52% (Germany). The proportion of respondents with ≥15 monthly headache days ranged from 5.4% (France) to 9.5% (Japan). Fewer than half of respondents with migraine in each country reported having received a migraine diagnosis. Conclusion These results demonstrated high rates of migraine-related disability and underdiagnosis of migraine across six countries. This study will characterize country-level burden, treatment patterns, and geographical differences in care.
Achilles Tendon Tissue Turnover Before and Immediately After an Acute Rupture
Authors: Cramer Allan , Højfeldt Grith , Schjerling Peter , Agergaard Jakob , van Hall Gerrit , Olsen Jesper , Hölmich Per , Kjaer Michael , Barfod Kristoffer Weisskirchner 
Published: June 2023

Background: An Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a frequent injury and results in the activation of tendon cells and collagen expression, but it is unknown to what extent turnover of the tendon matrix is altered before or after a rupture. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to characterize tendon tissue turnover before and immediately after an acute rupture in patients. It was hypothesized that a rupture would result in pronounced collagen synthesis in the early phase (first 2 weeks) after the injury. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study included patients (N = 18) eligible for surgery after an ATR. At the time of inclusion, the patients ingested deuterium oxide (2H2O) orally, and on the day of surgery (within 14 days of the injury), they received a 3-hour flood-primed infusion of an 15N-proline tracer. During surgery, the patients had 1 biopsy specimen taken from the ruptured part of the Achilles tendon and 1 that was 3 to 5 cm proximal to the rupture as a control. The biopsy specimens were analyzed for carbon-14 (14C) levels in the tissue to calculate long-term turnover (years), incorporation of 2H-alanine (from 2H2O) into the tissue to calculate the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of proteins in the short term (days), and incorporation of 15N-proline into the tissue to calculate the acute FSR (hours). Results: Both the rupture and the control samples showed consistently lower levels of 14C compared with the predicted level of 14C in a healthy tendon, which indicated increased tendon turnover in a fraction (48% newly synthesized) of the Achilles tendon already for a prolonged period before the rupture. Over the first days after the rupture, the synthesis rate for collagen was relatively constant, and the average synthesis rate on the day of surgery (2-14 days after the rupture) was 0.025% per hour, irrespective of the length of time after a rupture and the site of sampling (rupture vs control). No differences were found in the FSR between the rupture and control samples in the days after the rupture. Conclusion: Higher than normal tissue turnover in the Achilles tendon before a rupture indicated that changes in the tendon tissue preceded the injury. In addition, we observed no increase in tendon collagen tissue turnover in the first 2 weeks after an ATR. This favors the view that an increase in the formation of new tendon collagen is not an immediate phenomenon during the regeneration of ruptured tendons in patients. Registration: NCT03931486 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban and Low Molecular Heparin in Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Inpatient Cancer Patients
Authors: Wu Shuyi , Guan Chengfu , Chang Sijie , Wang Chunhua , Zhang Jinhua 
Published: June 2023

Background: There are few studies on using rivaroxaban and low molecular heparin (LMWH) to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized cancer patients. Objective: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus LMWH for the primary prevention of VTE in inpatient cancer patients. Methods: Information on patients was collected through 6-month follow-up and medical record inquiries. Clinical outcomes included VTE, total bleeding, thrombosis, major bleeding, minor bleeding, all-cause death, and a composite endpoint of bleeding, thrombosis, and death. Results: A total of 602 hospitalized cancer patients were included in this study. During 6 months of follow-up, there were 26 VTE events (8.6%), 42 total bleeding events (7.0%), 62 all-cause deaths (10.3%), and 140 composite endpoints (23.3%). After adjusting for various confounding factors, there were no significant differences between the rivaroxaban and LMWH for VTE events (OR = 0.851, 95% CI [0.387-1.872], P=0.688), total bleeding (OR = 1.690, 95% CI [0.768-3.719], P = 0.192], thrombosis events (OR = 0.919, 95% CI [0.520-1.624], P = 0.772], major bleeding (OR = 0.276, 95% CI [0.037-2.059], P = 0.209), all-cause death (OR = 0.994, 95% CI [0.492-2.009], P = 0.987), and composite endpoints (OR = 0.994, 95% CI [0.492-2.009], P = 0.987), while minor bleeding (OR = 3.661 95% CI [1.000-7.083], P = 0.050) was significantly higher in the rivaroxaban than in the LMWH. Conclusions and Relevance: In thromboprophylaxis in inpatient cancer patients, rivaroxaban has a similar rate of VTE and bleeding events as LMWH. Our results may provide a reference for the clinical use of rivaroxaban to prevent VTE in hospitalized cancer patients.