bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification and validation of the COVID-19 stigma instrument in nurses: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Huang Feifei , Sun Wenxiu , Li Yonglin , Zhang Lin , Chen Wei-Ti 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundNurses taking care of patients with infectious diseases have suffered from noticeable societal stigma, however currently, there is no validated scale to measure such stigma. This study aimed to revise and validate the COVID-19 Stigma Instrument-Nurse-Version 3 (CSI-N-3) by using item response theory (IRT) as well as classical test theory analysis.MethodsIn phase I, the Chinese CSI-N-3 was modified from the English version of HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument-Nurse based on standard cross-cultural procedures, including modifications, translation/back translations, pilot testing, and psychometric testing with classical test theory and Rasch analysis. In phase II, a cross-sectional study using cluster sampling was conducted among 249 eligible nurses who worked in a COVID-19-designed hospital in Shanghai, China. The influencing factors of COVID-19-associated stigma were analyzed through regression analysis.ResultsIn phase I, the two-factor structure was verified by confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated a good model fit. The 15-item CSI-N-3 achieved Cronbach’sαof 0.71–0.84, and composite reliability of 0.83–0.91. The concurrent validity was established by significant association with self-reported physical, psychological, and social support levels (r = −0.18, −0.20, and −0.21,p &lt; 0.01). In IRT analysis, the CSI-N-3 has ordered response thresholds, with the Item Reliability and Separation Index of 0.95 and 4.15, respectively, and the Person Reliability and Separation Index of 0.20 and 0.50, respectively. The infit and outfit mean squares for each item ranged from 0.39 to 1.57. In phase II, the mean score for the CSI-N-3 in Chinese nurses was 2.80 ± 3.73. Regression analysis showed that social support was the only factor affecting nurses’ COVID-19-associated stigma (standardized coefficientsβ = −0.21, 95% confidence interval: −0.73 ~ −0.19).ConclusionThe instrument CSI-N-3 is equipped with rigorous psychometric properties that can be used to measure COVID-19-associated stigma during and after the COVID-19 pandemic among nurses. The use of this instrument may facilitate the evaluation of tailored stigma-reduction interventions.
The consequences of job crafting and engagement in the relationship between passion for work and individual performance of Portuguese workers
Authors: Vieira dos Santos Joana , Gomes Alexandra , Rebelo Diana Filipe Saraiva , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Moreira Martiele Gonçalves , da Silva Deoclécio Junior Cardoso 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThis study sought to relate the two types of work passion, harmonious passion and obsessive passion, to the organizational consequences of engagement, job crafting, and perceived individual job performance. This study was based on the Employee Work Passion Appraisal model and conducted to evaluate possible statistical associations of the dualistic approach of passion used as an antecedent of positive and negative organizational outcomes (engagement, job crafting, and perceived individual job performance).MethodsThe data collection and analysis for this study were accomplished by a transversal and quantitative study design. A non-probabilistic method was used to select a convenience sample composed of 305 Portuguese workers and was collected online from March to October 2020. The proposed hypotheses were evaluated using partial structural equation models.ResultsOverall, the results supported the proposed hypotheses and showed that harmonious passion positively affected organizational outcomes, while obsessive passion negatively affected these outcomes; notably, our findings also revealed high individual performance, high obsessive passion, and consequently, a significant increase in structural labor resources, a significant decrease in harmful labor demands, and high absorption.DiscussionThe findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between harmonious passion and obsessive passion in understanding their consequences for organizational outcomes. Promoting harmonious passion while managing the potential negative effects of obsessive passion is crucial for enhancing positive job-related behaviors and performance. Future research should explore interventions and strategies to foster harmonious passion, mitigate the negative impacts of obsessive passion, and ultimately improve overall work engagement and performance.
Time course efficiency of MICE and HIIE on inhibitory control and HRV in adolescents with obesity and different cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Feng Zhan-Tao , Mao Zhi-Xiong , Liu Feng-Bo , Ou Xiao-Wei 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAdolescent obesity is associated with impaired inhibitory control. Acute exercise can improve executive function. However, due to the influence of exercise intensity, cognitive test timing, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) level, the most effective exercise program remains controversial.MethodsThe current study investigated the time-course effects of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on inhibitory control (Stroop) and task-related heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents with different CF. A mixed experimental design of 2 CF levels (high CF, HCF; low CF, LCF) × 3 exercise methods (MICE, HIIE, CON) × 3 test timing (pre, post-0, post-20) was adopted. Heart rate variability (HRV) and Stroop task tests were conducted before exercise (pre), immediately after exercise (post-0), and 20 min after exercise (post-20).ResultsIndividuals with HCF exhibited a positive decrease in Stroop response time immediately and 20 min after MICE and HIIE, compared to pretest response times (RT). Conversely, individuals with LCF showed a slight increase in Stroop task (RT) only immediately after HIIE. All individuals had a slight increase in ACC after MICE and HIIE compared to before exercise. In addition, compared with the control group, the time-domain index (the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals, RMSSD) of HRV was significantly decreased, the frequency-domain index (the absolute power of the Low-Frequency band/the absolute power of the High-Frequency band ratio, LF/HF) was significantly increased after MICE and HIIE, and the effect of HIIE on RMSSD and LF/HF was significantly greater than that of MICE.ConclusionThe current study found that the acute effects of MICE and HIIE on inhibitory control in obese adolescents were influenced by the interaction of cognitive test timing and cardiorespiratory fitness. Individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness performed better on the Stroop task than individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness. The inhibitory control of HIIE in high-cardiorespiratory obese adolescents produced positive effects similar to those in MICE but more lasting, suggesting that HIIE is more beneficial for high-cardiorespiratory obese adolescents. MICE promoted inhibitory control in obese adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness, but HIIE impaired inhibitory control in obese adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness immediately after exercise, suggesting that low cardiopulmonary fitness obese adolescents may be suitable for MICE rather than HIIE exercise intervention. The shift from balanced HRV to sympathetic dominance after acute exercise reflects increased arousal levels and may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which acute exercise brings benefits to executive function.
Using deep learning to analyze the psychological effects of COVID-19
Authors: Almeqren Monira Abdulrahman , Almuqren Latifah , Alhayan Fatimah , Cristea Alexandra I. , Pennington Diane 
Published: August 2023

ProblemSentiment Analysis (SA) automates the classification of the sentiment of people’s attitudes, feelings or reviews employing natural language processing (NLP) and computational approaches. Deep learning has recently demonstrated remarkable success in the field of SA in many languages including Arabic. Arabic sentiment analysis, however, still has to be improved, due to the complexity of the Arabic language’s structure, the variety of dialects, and the lack of lexicons. Moreover, in Arabic, anxiety as a psychological sentiment has not been the target of much research.AimThis paper aims to provide solutions to one of the challenges of Arabic Sentiment Analysis (ASA) using a deep learning model focused on predicting the anxiety level during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA psychological scale to determine the level of anxiety was built and validated. It was then used to create the Arabic Psychological Lexicon (AraPh) containing 138 different dialectical Arabic words that express anxiety, which was used to annotate our corpus (Aranxiety). Aranxiety comprises 955 Arabic tweets representing the level of user anxiety during COVID-19. Bi-GRU model with word embedding was then applied to analyze the sentiment of the tweets and to determine the anxiety level.ResultsFor SA, the applied model achieved 88% on accuracy, 89% on precision, 88% on recall, and 87% for F1. A majority of 77% of tweets presented no anxiety, whereas 17% represented mild anxiety and a mere 6% represented high anxiety.ConclusionThe proposed model can be used by the Saudi Ministry of Health and members of the research community to formulate solutions to increase psychological resiliency among the Saudi population.
A qualitative study on people with opioid use disorders’ perspectives on smoking and smoking cessation interventions
Authors: Druckrey-Fiskaaen Karl Trygve , Furulund Einar , Madebo Tesfaye , Carlsen Siv-Elin Leirvåg , Fadnes Lars T. , Lid Torgeir Gilje ,   for ATLAS4LAR Study Group
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSmoking-related diseases are major contributors to disability and shorter life expectancy among opioid-dependent patients. Smoking prevalence is considerably higher for opioid-dependent persons than among the general population, and only a minority quit smoking in treatment settings. Studies show that pharmacological smoking cessation interventions have modest success rates. This study aimed to investigate patients’ receiving opioid agonist therapy perspectives on factors affecting behavior and decisions related to smoking cessation, and their experiences with smoking cessation.MethodsThis is a qualitative study using semi-structured individual interviews. The participants were asked, among others, to elaborate on the participants’ thoughts about smoking, previous attempts to quit tobacco use, and what could prompt a smoking cessation attempt. We analyzed the transcripts with systematic text condensation. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed. Opioid-dependent patients receiving opioid agonist therapy in outpatient clinics were invited to participate using a purposive sampling method. In total, fourteen individuals participated in this study.ResultsWe identified six themes which were: (1) reflections on how smoking affected decisions, (2) smoking and its impact on physical and mental health, (3) the economy as a motivator to stop smoking, (4) emotions, desires, and habits related to smoking, (5) knowledge of smoking, smoking cessation, and quit attempts, and (6) social factors influencing the participants’ choices and activities. The participants were well informed about the consequences of smoking and had some knowledge and experience in quitting. The participants’ pulmonary health was an important motivational factor for change. Withdrawal symptoms, anxiety, and fear of using other substances discouraged several from attempting to quit smoking. In contrast, social support from partners and access to meaningful activities were considered important factors for success. Few reported being offered help from health professionals to make a smoking cessation attempt.DiscussionExperiencing social support, being encouraged to quit smoking, and patients’ concerns for their physical health were important reasons for wanting to quit smoking. Smoking cessation interventions based on patient preferences and on the behavior change wheel may enable a higher success rate among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy.
Factors influencing nurse fatigue during COVID-19: regression vs. fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Zhang Huanyu , Liu Zhixin , Liu Junping , Feng Yajie , Zou Dandan , Zhao Juan , Wang Chen , Wang Nan , Liu Xinru , Wu Lin , Liu Zhaoyue , Liang Libo , Liu Jie 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundNurses during COVID-19 who face significant stress and high infection risk are prone to fatigue, affecting their health and quality of patient care. A cross- sectional study of 270 nurses who went to epidemic area to support anti-epidemic was carried out via online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic on November 2021.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional survey of 270 nurses in China who traveled to Heihe City in Heilongjiang Province to combat the novel coronavirus epidemic. The researchers collected information on sociodemographic variables, anxiety, transition shock, professionalism, collaboration, hours of work per day, and fatigue. Regression and fuzzy-set Quality Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) evaluated the factors’ impact on the nurses’ fatigue.ResultsRegression analysis showed that the psychological variables significant for fatigue, transition shock (β = 0.687, p &lt; 0.001) and anxiety (β = 0.757, p &lt; 0.001) were positively associated with fatigue, professionalism (β = −0.216, p &lt; 0.001) was negatively associated with fatigue, and among the work-related variables, cooperation (β = −0.262, p &lt; 0.001) was negatively related to fatigue. FsQCA analysis showed that combined effects of work hours, anxiety, and nurses’ educational status caused most of the fatigue (raw coverage = 0.482, consistency = 0.896).ConclusionThis study provides two main findings, the one is the greater transition shock experienced during COVID-19 in a new environment, low levels of professionalism, anxiety, and poor nursing teamwork situations lead anti-epidemic nurses to increased fatigue. Second, the fsQCA results showed that anxiety is sufficient for fatigue and that nurses’ educational status, daily working hours, and anxiety are the most effective combination of factors.
Facilitators and barriers to infant post-natal HIV prophylaxis, a qualitative sub-study of the PROMISE-EPI trial in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mennecier Anaïs , Matoka Beauty , Wilfred-Tonga Maria Melany , Chunda-Liyoka Catherine , Mwiya Mwiya , Nagot Nicolas , Molès Jean-Pierre , Van de Perre Philippe , Kankasa Chipepo , King Rachel ,   for the PROMISE-EPI social science sub-study group
Published: August 2023

BackgroundInfant post-natal prophylaxis (PNP) is used to prevent HIV transmission through breastfeeding. The WHO edited recommendations but so far there is no consensus on the duration of prophylaxis and the type of drug used depends on national guidelines. In Zambia, the national recommendations include a three-drug prophylaxis, composed of a dispersible combined tablet of zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC) and an oral suspension of nevirapine (NVP) for 12 weeks or until the mother’s viral load is &lt;1,000 cp/mL. The PROMISE-EPI study, modified the PNP regimen to lamivudine only, initiated at 6 weeks and continued until 12 months to all HIV exposed uninfected infants of virally unsuppressed mothers. Our aim in this analysis was to identify barriers and facilitators to this extended PNP, the keystone toward an effective prevention.MethodsIndividual interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted with PROMISE-EPI participants who had received prophylaxis for their children from the national program up to 6 weeks and then lamivudine oral solution in PROMISE-EPI study. Health care providers and PROMISE-EPI staff were also interviewed. Sessions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated from local languages into English. An initial code-book was designed and then adapted on the basis of the emerging themes, to allow a descriptive thematic analysis.ResultsMore barriers to PNP adherence were identified with triple drug prophylaxis than with lamivudine. These barriers were related to the formulation and bitter taste of AZT/3TC tablets. The ready to use formulation and sweet taste of lamivudine syrup were appreciated by mothers. Extended PNP proposed in the PROMISE-EPI study was globally well accepted and strategies were found to increase adherence. Adherence to lamivudine appeared to be better than the mothers’ adherence to their own antiretroviral therapy.ConclusionAccompanying mothers living with HIV and giving them the choice of the PNP to prevent transmission via breastfeeding (type of PNP regimen and extended PNP in non-adherent mothers), may be one of the keys to reducing the burden of pediatric HIV acquisition in low and middle income countries.
Wastewater pipe defect rating model for pipe maintenance using natural language processing
Authors: Betgeri Sai Nethra , Vadyala Shashank Reddy , Matthews John C. , Lu Hongfang 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionClosed-circuit video (CCTV) inspection has been the most popular technique for visually evaluating the interior status of pipelines in recent decades. Certified inspectors prepare the pipe repair document based on the CCTV inspection. The traditional manual method of assessing structural wastewater conditions from pipe repair documents takes a long time and is prone to human mistakes. The automatic identification of necessary texts has received little attention. Computer Vision based Machine Learning models failed to estimate structural damage because they are not entirely understood and have difficulty providing high data needs. Hence, they have problems providing physically consistent findings due to their high data needs. Currently, a very small curated annotated image and video data set with well-defined, precisely labeled categories to test Computer Vision based Machine Learning models.MethodsThis study provides a valuable method to determine the pipe defect rating of the pipe repair documents by developing an automated framework using Natural Language Processing (NLP) on very small, curated annotated images, video data, and more text data. The text used in this study is broken into grammatical units using NLP technologies. The next step in the analysis entails using words to find the frequency of pipe defects and then classify them into respective defect ratings for pipe maintenance.Results and discussionsThe proposed model achieved 95.0% accuracy, 94.9% recall, 95% specificity, 95.9% precision score, and 95.7% F1 score, showing the potential of the proposed model to be used in large-scale pipe repair documents for accurate and efficient pipeline failure detection to improve the quality of the pipeline.
Factors influencing smallholder adoption of organic agriculture in Southeast geopolitical region of Nigeria
Authors: Ume Chukwuma Otum , Onah Ogochukwu Gabriella , Okpukpara Benjamin Chiedozie , Chukwuma-Ume Nice , Charles Ukwuaba Ikenna , Omeje Emmanuel Ejiofor , Chiemela Chinedum Jachinma , Chituru Ibe Justina , Orazulike Ozioma 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionOrganic Agriculture is considered one of the promising sustainable agricultural systems that can promote green economy measures, especially in developing countries where smallholder agriculture forms the backbone of the economy. With increasing awareness of the environmental and health benefits of organic foods, there has been an increasing number of studies assessing the demand side (determinants of consumers’ demand for organic products) within the global South. However, there is a dearth of research information on the supply side (e.g., factors influencing smallholder farmers’ willingness to engage in organic agriculture). To scale up organic agriculture among smallholder farmers, there is a need to explore and understand the factors influencing its adoption.MethodsUsing survey data from rural Nigeria, this paper applied Cragg’s double-hurdle model to assess the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adoption of organic farming in the Southeast geopolitical region of Nigeria.ResultsThe result showed that information about organic farming plays a major role in motivating farmers to adopt organic farming. Farmers that know what organic farming entails were found to be 1.31 percent more likely to adopt organic farming and to dedicate 1.23 percent more of their land to organic farming than the farmers that are less aware of organic farming. Similarly, an organized organic marketing structure and a premium on organic products were found to statistically improve the adoption of organic farming. The proportion of land dedicated to organic farming was found to be 2.15 percent more for farmers that received a premium for their organic produce than their counterparts that do not receive a premium for their produce.DiscussionThe findings demonstrated policy actions aimed at certification among smallholder farmers employing organic farming methods can facilitate system-wise organic farming in rural areas. However, the nature of such certification that will not jeopardize the agency of the farmers requires further investigation.