bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C allele of SCD1 rs7849 (T/C) polymorphism and Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes: A pilot study from Bangladesh
Authors: Bhowmik Mousumi , Mia Mamun , Saiedullah Muhammad , Islam S M Rafiqul , Akter Salima 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) activity, a key lipid metabolism regulator, may impact type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previously, we reported a significant functional interaction between SCD1 and T2D in the Bangladeshi population. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the SCD1 rs7849 polymorphism and T2D risk variables (n = 90; mean age, 45 y; range, 30–70 y).
Methods: 45 T2D patients and 45 healthy controls were recruited. Demographic and anthropometric data of the subjects were recorded and biochemical parameters were measured following standard protocols. Genomic blood DNA was extracted by PCR-RFLP method to identify the SCD1 gene rs7849 polymorphic variant and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for SCD1 gene variants was tested.
Results: The results showed that the heterozygous allele (TC) for SCD1 at position 7849 has been associated with higher postprandial blood glucose levels (p-value < 0.05). Healthy non-diabetic individuals with the SCD1 rs7849 variant had higher BMIs than their diabetic counterparts (p-value < 0.05). Females with rs7849 heterozygous variants had significantly higher body composition and body fat distribution when compared between the genders (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusions: This preliminary research from Bangladesh raises the possibility that genetic variations in the SCD1 gene may affect the propensity to type 2 diabetes.
Months-long preparation of the 2023 MW 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake, Türkiye
Authors: Kwiatek Grzegorz , Martínez-Garzón Patricia , Becker Dirk , Dresen Georg , Cotton Fabrice , Beroza Gregory , Acarel Diğdem , Ergintav Semih , Bohnhoff Marco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Short term prediction of the magnitude, time, and location of earthquakes is currently not possible. In some cases, however, behaviour has been documented that has been retrospectively considered as precursory. Some models hold that on a timescale of several years, increasing levels of background seismic activity may signify enhanced damage generation affecting a broader area in the lead up to the future earthquake. Localization of seismicity and/or aseismic deformation towards a single fault or multiple fault branches in these models leads to spatial coalescence of segments, stress transfer and non-local interaction of foreshock events, and a nonlinear increase in seismic activity. Perhaps due to the structural complexity of fault zones, however, proposed seismic and aseismic preparatory deformation processes, when present, are strongly variable and still not well understood. Here we present evidence for an extended earthquake preparation process starting in June 2022 and lasting approx. 8 months prior to the occurrence of the February 6th, 2023, MW 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake on the East Anatolian Fault Zone. The apparently precursory activity ahead of the earthquake is composed of a handful of isolated spatio-temporal clusters within 65 km of the future earthquake epicentre. Some of these clusters display accelerating seismic activity starting ca. 8 months before the mainshock, non-Poissonian inter-event time statistics and distribution of magnitudes in time, as well as low Gutenberg-Richter b-values. Close to the mainshock epicentre and during the weeks prior to its rupture, seismic quiescence is observed. Our observations suggest a different initiation mechanism compared to the cascade of close (<200 m) foreshocks observed before the MW 7.6 Izmit 1999 earthquake. The trends of seismic preparatory attributes for this earthquake follow those previously documented in both laboratory stick-slip tests and numerical models of heterogeneous earthquake rupture affecting multiple fault segments. With more comprehensive and effective earthquake monitoring, it may be possible to recognize a preparation phase before at least some significant earthquakes.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with increased 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury: analysis based on MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Li Zhengda , Li Yufang , Liu Maoxia , Guo Yanxia , Yang Xinjing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Myocardial injury is a serious complication of sepsis. It is necessary to explore the risk factors that affect the prognosis of sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Many studies have investigated the role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the early diagnosis and prognostic prediction of sepsis, but few foucus on sepsis induced myocardial injury. We assessed NLR in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury to find the relationship between NLR and 30-day mortality.
Methods
Patients with sepsis induced myocardial injury who had neutrophil counts and lymphocyte counts detected within 48 hours of admission were screened from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Patients were divided into three groups according to NLR in tertiles: the lower tertile group (NLR < 6.29), the second tertile group (NLR 6.29–13.86) and the upper tertile group (NLR > 13.86). Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate Cox regression model were constructed. The differential effect of age on the relationship between NLR in tertiles and 30-day mortality was examined using an interaction term (difference in differences analysis).
Results
This study eventually included 1690 adult sepsis-induced myocardial injury patients. Compared with the surviving group, NLR of the death group was higher [9.11(5.27–16.91) vs11.5(6.43–19.75), p < 0.001]. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significantly higher mortality among participants in the upper NLR tertile than among those in the reference of lower NLR tertile [191(32.43%) vs.108(21.14%), P < 0.001]. After adjustment for all clinical variables, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the same trend (HR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.04–1.32; P = 0.01). When examining the differential effect of age, 30-day mortality was significantly higher in the upper tertile than in the lower tertile as age increased.
Conclusions
NLR was associated with higher 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury.
Exercise snacking to improve physical function in pre-frail older adult memory clinic patients: a 28-day pilot study
Authors: Western Max J. , Welsh Tomas , Keen Kristen , Bishop Vanessa , Perkin Oliver J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background

Finding innovative yet feasible ways of preventing physical and cognitive decline in those at risk is a critical global challenge, with exercise being championed as a key precursor to robust health in later life. Exercise snacking, defined as short bouts of sporadic muscle-strengthening exercise, is one such strategy designed to overcome typical participation barriers observed in older adults. This study examined the acceptability of exercise snacking amongst pre-frail older adults and explored the efficacy of this approach in improving physical function.

Methods

In this single group design, 21 pre-frail outpatients with mild-cognitive impairment were recruited from a UK memory clinic. To be eligible, participants were aged ≥ 65-years who scored 3–8 (inclusive) on the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and were not regularly engaging in sport or exercise. Participants completed a 28-day, twice daily, exercise snacking intervention, consisting of five muscle-strengthening exercises, with the aim being to complete as many repetitions as possible of each exercise in a minute. Acceptability of the intervention was measured quantitatively and qualitatively using a survey and topic guide informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Pre- and post-intervention physical function was measured using the SPPB, timed up-and-go (TUG), and 60s standing balance and sit-to-stand tests.

Results

Eighteen participants provided follow-up data and showed 85% adherence to the exercise snacking intervention, measured as the proportion of all sessions completed out of a possible 56. Participants rated the intervention as highly acceptable (4.6/5) suggesting it supported their self-efficacy (4.3/5) was enjoyable (4.1/5) and had a low burden (2.1/5). Qualitative findings suggested the ease of use, flexibility of the programme, and perceived effectiveness was important, and particularly useful for non-exercisers. Improvements in SPPB score (8(1) vs 9(3), p < 0.01), TUG (11.32(4.02) vs 9.18(5.25) seconds, p < 0.01) and in the 60-second sit-to-stand test (17 ± 5 vs 23 ± 7 repetitions, p < 0.01) were seen between baseline and follow-up.

Conclusions

Exercise snacking is an acceptable and potentially efficacious format of exercise for pre-frail memory clinic attendees who are at heightened risk of falling and frailty. Large scale randomised controlled trials are required to confirm whether exercise snacking is effective in the short and long term.
ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05439252 (30/06/2022)
Probabilistic maps on bistable vibration energy harvesters
Authors: Norenberg João Pedro , Cunha Americo , Silva Samuel da , Varoto Paulo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of parametric uncertainties on the dynamics of bistable energy harvesters, focusing on obtaining statistical information about how each parameter’s variability affects the energy harvesting process. To model the parametric uncertainties, we use a probability distribution derived from the maximum entropy principle, while polynomial chaos is employed to propagate uncertainty. We consider different models of bistable energy harvesters that account for nonlinear piezoelectric coupling and asymmetries. Our findings suggest a higher probability of increasing harvested power in the intrawell motion regime as the excitation frequency increases. In contrast, increasing the excitation amplitude and piezoelectric coupling are more likely to increase power in the chaotic and interwell motion regimes, respectively.
Cellular Senescence-Related Genes: Predicting Prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Weiwei , Xu Yuanmin , Wu Zhiheng , Huang Yang , Meng Lei , Dai Shiping , Ying Songcheng , chen Zhangming , Xu Aman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have shown no significant improvement in the high incidence and low cure rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Surgery and liver transplantation are the primary means of prolonging survival in patients with HCC. however, patients with HCC have low surgical resection rates, and even when radical surgical resection is obtained, the 5-year postoperative recurrence rate remains high, the prognosis is poor, and additional therapeutic options are urgently needed. There is increasing evidence that cellular senescence is associated with human cancers. The purpose of this study was to develop a risk model associated with cellular senescence to predict the prognosis of HCC and to search for potential strategies to treat HCC. The genome associated with cellular senescence was obtained from the CellAge website. transcriptomic data and clinical data for HCC were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA).
On proving the robustness of algorithms for early fault-tolerant quantum computers
Authors: Kshirsagar Rutuja , Katabarwa Amara , Johnson Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The hope of the quantum computing field is that quantum architectures are able to scale up and
realize fault-tolerant quantum computing. Due to engineering challenges, such “cheap” error cor-
rection may be decades away. In the meantime, we anticipate an era of “costly” error correction, or
early fault-tolerant quantum computing. Costly error correction might warrant settling for error-prone
quantum computations. This motivates the development of quantum algorithms which are robust
to some degree of error as well as methods to analyze their performance in the presence of error.
We introduce a randomized algorithm for the task of phase estimation and give an analysis of its
performance under two simple noise models. In both cases the analysis leads to a noise threshold,
below which arbitrarily high accuracy can be achieved by increasing the number of samples used in
the algorithm. As an application of this general analysis, we compute the maximum ratio of the largest
circuit depth and the dephasing scale such that performance guarantees hold. We calculate that the
randomized algorithm can succeed with arbitrarily high probability as long as the required circuit
depth is less than 0.916 times the dephasing scale.
Picloram enhanced the callus induction, growth kinetics, antioxidant potentials, and secondary metabolites production of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum callus cultures
Authors: Gnasekaran Pavallekoodi , Rahman Zuraida Abdul , Chew Bee Lynn , Uddain Jasim , Solayappan Maheswaran , Jeng Nelson Yeou Chear , Appalasamy Suganthi , Mariappan Vanitha , Wahyuni Dwi Kusuma , Subramaniam Sreeramanan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Plant cells are driven by types and concentrations of plant growth regulators to produce callus mass containing bioactive compounds. This study aimed to induce callus and to observe the histological, phytochemicals, and antioxidant basis of the callus. An efficient callus induction protocol was developed using picloram for Malaysian red ginger, Zingiber officinale var. rubrum. The effect of auxinic picloram herbicide was studied using six different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L) on various explants (leaf sheath, leaf, root) to optimise the callus induction. The induced callus was studied for growth kinetics, anatomical features, antioxidant capacity, and phytochemical content. The highest callogenesis frequency (93.75%) and biomass accumulation (3.68 g) were observed on leaf sheath explant cultured on ½ strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 8 mg/L which also requires earlier subculture duration (45 days post-inoculation) in comparison to lower concentrations. Morphological investigation through histological procedure demonstrated friable and non-embryogenic characteristics of the primary and subcultured callus. Cultivated leaf sheath (CLS) methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic (191.26 mg GAE/g dry extract) and flavonoid (4.54 mg QE/g dry extract) contents contributing to antioxidant activity with an estimated EC50 of 0.208 mg/mL. Although comparatively lower than CLS extract, callus extracts showed higher antioxidant activity and significantly lower EC50 values than in vitro leaf sheath extract. 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, phenol, and phenolic glucoside were only present in callus cultures while methyl esters, fatty acids, and phytosterols could be obtained from leaf sheath and callus extracts. In conclusion, the callus culture of Z. officinale var. rubrum is a potential renewable source of bioactive phytochemical compounds and can be employed for biotechnological practices such as elicitor-induced accumulation of secondary metabolites and genetic modification.
Application of big data technology platform based on deep learning in smart tax evaluation system
Authors: Wang Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In today's modern transformation of tax affairs, as information technology and Internet technology are constantly updated and become more advanced, it is necessary to reasonably change the processing flow of tax affairs, such as breaking the time and space constraints to make it more convenient. It is an inevitable need to complete the reform and optimize the business environment through the "release, management and service" policy to achieve technological transformation. The big data technology platform can well accomplish the expected tasks, thus providing systematic support for tax work. In this context, this paper integrates the deep learning technology with the big data technology platform to complete the design of the mobile tax system for taxpayers. It is convenient and fast, and can realize the creation of an intelligent tax evaluation system, so as to carry out tax management, information retrieval, information release, user communication and system management, and can also safely repair the system itself. Through the design experiment, the user-defined query and retrieval function of the system is tested. The results show that the comprehensive query module of the system has good security, and the evaluation system can meet the user's requirements for ease of use and friendly system interface. This paper has completed the construction of smart tax evaluation system by integrating deep learning technology and big data technology platform.
No clear second choice to long-term sustainability: climate and land-use change impacts on tree distributions in Southeast Asia
Authors: Pang Sean , Slik Ferry , Chisholm Ryan A. , Webb Edward 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Future biodiversity outcomes are expect to vary across Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) of climate and land-use change. We modelled 1476 tree species distributions in Southeast Asia, classified them into 12 spatially associated groups, and projected distributional changes under four SSPs. The sustainable pathway, SSP1-2.6, led to the best outcomes for tree distributions. However, there was no clear second-best pathway for both climate and biodiversity. Distribution outcomes were generally worst for intermediate pathways of climate mitigation because they involved greater land-use change, while the second-best distribution outcome was under the least-sustainable climate pathway. Furthermore, the second-best pathway varied starkly across species groups, such that the second-best pathway for one group was also the worst for another. We demonstrate how halfway measures to mitigate climate change can lead to worse biodiversity outcomes, and that deviating from the sustainable pathway will involve trade-offs. We emphasise that policymakers must prioritise the most sustainable pathway.
Comprehensive genome-wide identification and characterization of ABC Transporter superfamily in Cajanus cajan and its expression profiling under different developmental stages in various anatomical tissues
Authors: Mall Mridula Sanjana , Shah Shreya , Singh Shivani , Singh Namita , Singh Nootan , Vaish Swati , Basantani M K , Gupta Divya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plant ATP- binding cassette (ABC) protein family is the largest multifunctional highly conserved protein superfamily that transports diverse substrates across biological membranes by the hydrolysis of ATP and is also the part of the several other biological processes like cellular detoxification, growth and development, stress biology, and signaling processes. In the agriculturally important legume crop Cajanuscajan, a genome-wide identification and characterization of the ABC gene family was carried out. A total of 159 ABC genes were identified that belong to eight canonical classes CcABCA to CcABCG and CcABCI based on the phylogenetic analysis. The number of genes was highest in CcABCG followed by CcABCC and CcABCB class. A total of 85 CcABC genes were found on 11 chromosomes and 74 were found on scaffold. Tandem duplication was the major driver of CcABC gene family expansion. The dN/dS ratio revealed the purifying selection. The phylogenetic analysis revealed class specific eight superclades which reflect their functional importance. The largest clade was found to be CcABCG which reflects their functional significance. CcABC proteins were mainly basic in nature and found to be localized in the plasma membrane.The secondary structure prediction revealed the dominance of α-helix. The canonical transmembrane and nucleotide binding domain, signature motif LSSGQ, Walker A, Walker B region and Q loop were also identified. A class-specific exon- intron pattern was also observed. In addition to core elements, different cis-acting regulatory elements like stress, hormone, and cellular responsive were also identified. Expression profiling of CcABC genes at various developmental stages of different anatomical tissues was performed and it was noticed that CcABCF3, CcABCF4, CcABCF5, CcABCG66,and CcABCI3 had the highest expression. The results of the current study endow us with the further functional analysis of Cajanus ABC in the future.
Comparison of respiratory pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tang Mingyu , Dong Wenfang , Yuan Shuhua , Chen Jiande , Lin Jie , Wu Jinhong , Zhang Jing , Yin Yong , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Multifaceted non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic have not only reduced the transmission of SARS-CoV2, but have had an effect on the prevalence of other pathogens. This retrospective study aimed to compare and analyze the changes of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia.
Methods
From January 2019 to December 2020, children with community-acquired pneumonia were selected from the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center. On the first day of hospitalization, sputum, throat swabs, venous blood samples from them were collected for detection of pathogens.
Results
A total of 2596 children with community-acquired pneumonia were enrolled, including 1871 patients in 2019 and 725 in 2020. The detection rate in 2020 was lower than in 2019, whether single or multiple pathogens. Compared with 2019, the detection rate of virus, especially parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus, all decreased in 2020. On the contrary, the prevalence of human rhinovirus was much higher than that in 2019. In addition, the positivity rate for bacteria did not change much over the two years, which seemed to be less affected by COVID-19. And Mycoplasma pneumoniae which broke out in 2019 has been in low prevalence since March 2020 even following the reopening of school.
Conclusions
Strict public health interventions for COVID-19 in China have effectively suppressed the spread of not only SARS-CoV2 but parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and Mycoplasma pneumonia as well. However, it had a much more limited effect on bacteria and rhinovirus. Therefore, more epidemiological surveillance of respiratory pathogens will help improve early preventive measures.
Onset of Double Subduction Controls Plate Motion Reorganization
Authors: Zhang Kuidi , Liao Jie , Gerya Taras 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Face-to-face double subduction systems, in which two oceanic plates are subducted toward each other, are common elements of plate tectonics. Two subduction zones in such systems are typically uneven in age and their subduction dynamics vary both temporarily and spatially and remain enigmatic. Here we use 2D geodynamic numerical modeling to show that plate motion partitioning in these subduction systems is dynamically unstable and strongly varies in time. As the result of this instability, the waxing younger subduction zone may gradually absorb the plate convergence from the waning older one. Consequently, the trench of the older subduction zone may stop retreating and its subduction rate notably decreases. The stress state of the overriding plate and the mantle flow field between the two simultaneously active trenches reflect this dynamical transition from older subduction to younger subduction activity. Our results allow us to classify several different characteristic trench migration and overriding plate motion patterns between older and younger subduction, which provide a reference to interpret the past and predict the future evolution of several key double subduction regions found in modern Earth.