bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of resonant mode and simultaneous excitation of multiple modes in slot‐coupled rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for multiband applications
Authors: Shou Zhenyi , Wu Zhipeng , Wang Hanyang , Zhou Hai , Zhu Naida 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA low‐profile rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) through the slot‐based feed method is studied for the multiband operation. Based on the perfect magnetic wall (PMW) model and dielectric waveguide model (DWM), field distributions and resonant frequencies of the RDRA intrinsic modes are calculated for multimodal analysis. The microstrip backed slot coupling scheme is employed for the simultaneous excitation of multiple modes. A prototype is fabricated and validated. By generating 10 modes simultaneously including TEy111 to TEy711, and TEx221 to TEx421 modes. The RDRA is able to provide good multiband performance.
An optimized b‐value sampling for the quantification of interstitial fluid using diffusion‐weighted MRI, a genetic algorithm approach
Authors: Drenthen Gerhard S. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , van der Thiel Merel M. , Voorter Paulien H. M. , Backes Walter H. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeMulti‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted MRI techniques can simultaneously measure the parenchymal diffusivity, microvascular perfusion, and a third, intermediate diffusion component. This component is related to the interstitial fluid in the brain parenchyma. However, simultaneously estimating three diffusion components from multi‐b‐value data is difficult and has strong dependence on SNR and chosen b‐values. As the number of acquired b‐values is limited due to scanning time, it is important to know which b‐values are most effective to be included. Therefore, this study evaluates an optimized b‐value sampling for interstitial fluid estimation.MethodThe optimized b‐value sampling scheme is determined using a genetic algorithm. Subsequently, the performance of this optimized sampling is assessed by comparing it with a linear, logarithmic, and previously proposed sampling scheme, in terms of the RMS error (RMSE) for the intermediate component estimation. The in vivo performance of the optimized sampling is assessed using 7T data with 101 equally spaced b‐values ranging from 0 to 1000 s/mm2. In this case, the RMSE was determined by comparing the fit that includes all b‐values.ResultsThe optimized b‐value sampling for estimating the intermediate component was reported to be [0, 30, 90, 210, 280, 350, 580, 620, 660, 680, 720, 760, 980, 990, 1000] s/mm2. For computer simulations, the optimized sampling had a lower RMSE, compared with the other samplings for varying levels of SNR. For the in vivo data, the voxel‐wise RMSE of the optimized sampling was lower compared with other sampling schemes.ConclusionThe genetic algorithm–optimized b‐value scheme improves the quantification of the diffusion component related to interstitial fluid in terms of a lower RMSE.
Noncovalent chalcogen and tetrel bonding interactions: Spectroscopic study of halide–carbonyl sulfide complexes
Authors: Haakansson Christian T. , Watson Peter D. , Corkish Timothy R. , Robinson Hayden T. , McKinley Allan J. , Wild Duncan A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChalcogen and tetrel intermolecular bonding interactions formed between carbonyl sulfide and halide anions have been studied utilizing a combined experimental and theoretical approach. In particular, high‐level CCSD(T) energetics and experimental anion photoelectron spectroscopy have been used in order to assign the dominant binding motif exhibited in these complexes. Halide anions solvated by multiple carbonyl sulfide molecules have also been investigated in order to ascertain the effect that additional binding partners has on the strength of the noncovalent interactions. The experimental and computational results support the main binding motif of carbonyl sulfide molecules with halide anions being chalcogen bonding, both in dimer complexes and larger solvated complexes. In addition, comparison between the noncovalent interactions formed by halides with carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon dioxide allows a deeper understanding of noncovalent binding strength in relation to isoelectronic species.Key points
Spectroscopic and ab initio characterization of halide–carbonyl sulfide van der Waals complexes bound through chalcogen and tetrel bonding.
Detailed insight into chalcogen and tetrel bond strength in the context of changing chemical environments.
Effect of increasing solvation on noncovalent binding strength.
Tunable electrical resistance of polyaniline and its correlation to morphological properties and surface functional groups
Authors: Koh Wee Siang , Khaw Liang Fa , Yeap Swee Pin , Lee Kiat Moon , Sum Jing Yao , Toh Pey Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer that is attracting much attention nowadays especially for the design of flexible supercapacitors and sensors. One of the commonly used methods to synthesize PANI is chemical oxidative polymerization (COP). In the present work, the effects of (i) polymerization time and (ii) type of dopant media used in COP were evaluated and correlated to the morphological and electrical properties of the formed PANI. In terms of morphological properties, it was found that extending the polymerization time of COP in hydrochloric acid (HCl) medium from 1 to 5 h induced the formation of regular flake‐ and globule‐like structures. Despite that, there was not much change in the surface functional groups, as verified from the infrared absorption spectrum. An intermingled structure containing (i) stacking of flake‐like particles and (ii) interconnection of long fibrous‐like particles with fewer branches was seen for PANI produced at 3 h of polymerization time. Such a unique morphological property is suggested to lower the electrical resistance of PANI to 0.56 × 103 Ω. On the other hand, by changing the dopant medium from HCl to sulfuric acid (H2SO4), acetic acid (CH3COOH), water (H2O) and ammonium hydroxide (NH3⋅H2O), the PANI morphology was altered to globular shape with cauliflower‐like structure, tube‐like structure, plate‐like structure and flake‐like structure, respectively. The resistance of these PANIs was successfully tuned and found to increase following the order of PANI–H2SO4 < PANI–CH3COOH < PANI–H2O < PANI–NH3⋅H2O. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Positive effects of a child‐centered intervention on children's fear and pain during needle procedures
Authors: Kleye Ida , Sundler Annelie. J. , Karlsson Katarina , Darcy Laura , Hedén Lena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo examine whether children experience less fear or pain using a child‐centered intervention and if there were differences between the intervention group and the control group regarding heart rate, time required for the procedure, success rate for the cannula insertion, and patient satisfaction. A controlled single‐center case study of observational design, with one control and one intervention group. Child self‐reported fear or pain levels did not reveal any differences for those receiving the intervention compared with controls. However, according to a behavioral observation measure with the Procedure Behavior Check List, effects of the intervention were lower distress in relation to fear and pain during the cannula insertion. The time it took to perform the cannula insertion also decreased significantly in the intervention group. More children in the intervention group reported that they were satisfied with the needle procedure compared with the children in the control group. The child‐centered intervention provides reduced observed distress related to fear and pain in children undergoing a cannula insertion and reduced total time by more than 50%. This study found that child involvement in care strengthen their ability to manage a needle procedure.
Site‐dependent correlation strength and occupation number of 5f electrons in alpha phase plutonium metal
Authors: Li Ru‐song , Lu Xing , Xin Du‐qiang , Yao Xiao‐guang , Xie Zheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to quantify the site‐dependent correlation strengths in terms of the quasi‐particle weights and the occupation numbers of 5f electrons in alpha phase plutonium metal with eight crystallographically nonequivalent atomic sites Pun (n = 1–8), we perform a first principles calculation by using a many‐body method merging density functional theory with dynamical mean‐field theory plus the relativistic and correlation effects. The quasi‐particle weight, the electronic spectrum function, the hybridization function, as well as the occupation number of Pu 5f electrons all suggest that Pu1 and Pu8 atoms have the most itinerant and the most localized 5f electrons, respectively, while the other atoms Pun (n = 2–7) exhibit an intermediate correlation strength. The quasi‐particle weights demonstrate that only the jj or intermediate coupling scheme is more appropriate for Pu 5f electrons in comparison with the Russel–Saunders (LS) scheme. The electronic spectrum function and the occupation analysis establish that Pu 5f electrons simultaneously have dual itinerant and localized regimes with average 5f occupation numbers of n5f between 4.8994 and 4.9628, which are mainly composed of 5f4, 5f5, and 5f6 configurations, irrespective of different atomic sites. Finally, we also estimate the so‐called quasi‐particle band structure to directly compare with angle‐resolved photoemission spectrum.
Colony‐nesting gulls restrict activity levels of a native top carnivore during the breeding season
Authors: Guidos Steven , van Dijk Jiska , Systad Geir , Landa Arild 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough nesting in colonies can offer substantial reproductive benefits for many seabird species, increased visibility to predators remains a significant disadvantage for most colony‐breeders. To counteract this, some seabird species have evolved aggressive nest defense strategies to protect vulnerable eggs and chicks. Here, we used an experimental approach to test whether colony inhabitance by breeding gullsLarusspp. in western Norway impacts visitation rates of a native, mammalian predator, the Eurasian otterLutra lutraduring the breeding season. Camera traps were placed inside of and on the periphery of seabird colonies prior to the breeding season and left to run for one continuous year. Sighting frequency of otters on these cameras was compared to a control region free of gull nesting. We found that otter activity was significantly reduced in the colonies when gulls were incubating and rearing chicks, compared to time periods when gulls were building nests and absent from the colonies. Rhythmic activity patterns did not seem to be significantly impacted by the presence of gulls. This study provides clear evidence that certain colony‐nesting species can have a direct, negative impact on visitation rates of a native carnivore. Seasonal carnivore activity patterns are likely to be highly dependent on differing nesting strategies and level of nest defense by seabirds.
Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activity, and In Silico Studies of New Schiff Bases Including Pyrimidine Core
Authors: Karatas Halis , Aydin Meltem , Turkmenoglu Burçin , Akkoc Senem , Sahin Onur , Kokbudak Zülbiye 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn here, two new Schiff base molecules (3 and 4) were synthesized from the condensation reaction of 1‐amino‐5‐benzoyl‐4‐phenylpyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one (1) and 1‐amino‐5‐(4‐methylbenzoyl)‐4‐p‐tolylpyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one (2) with 4‐bromobenzaldehyde. These molecules were completely characterized by IR, NMR, and HR‐MS. Moreover, molecule 4 was determined by single crystal x‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) patterns. The crystallographic analysis revealed that molecule 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c. The molecules were screened in colon, lung and liver cell lines. The results showed that molecule 4 had cytotoxic activity in all screened cancer cell lines. Molecular docking studies of molecules 3 and 4, which were synthesized experimentally and whose cytotoxic activities were examined, were carried out with in silico approaches. Binding parameter values and active binding sites were determined by interacting the compounds with EGFR (PDB ID : 1M17) and VEGFR‐2 (PDB ID : 4ASD) crystal structures, respectively, in molecular docking. In addition, the theoretical pharmacokinetic properties of compounds 3 and 4 were evaluated using ADME analysis.
Multilingual learners' epistemologies in practice in the context of computational modeling in an elementary science classroom
Authors: Grapin Scott E. , Haas Alison , Llosa Lorena , Wendel Daniel , Pierson Ashlyn , Lee Okhee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) have spurred renewed interest in the epistemologies that students adopt as they engage in science practices. One framework for characterizing students' epistemologies is theepistemologies in practiceframework (Berland et al. (2016),Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 53(7), 1082–1112), which focuses on students' meaningful use of four epistemic considerations: Nature, Generality, Justification, and Audience. To date, research based on the framework has primarily examined students' use of the epistemic considerations in the context of diagrammatic modeling. However, with computational technologies becoming more prevalent in science classrooms, the framework could be applied to investigate students' engagement incomputationalmodeling. Moreover, computational modeling could be particularly beneficial to a fast‐growing population of multilingual learners (MLs) in the U.S. K‐12 context, who benefit from leveraging multiple meaning‐making resources (e.g., code, dynamic visualization). This study examined MLs' meaningful use of four epistemic considerations in the context of computational modeling in an elementary science classroom. Fifth‐grade MLs (N = 11) participated in two interviews about computational models they had developed as part of two NGSS‐designed instructional units that integrated computational modeling (in addition to other model types). Findings indicated that, while students used all four epistemic considerations across the interviews, some considerations (Nature and Generality) were used more frequently than others (Justification and Audience). Beyond diagrammatic modeling, computational modeling offered unique affordances for MLs to meaningfully use the considerations as well as to communicate this use, though not without some emergent challenges. Overall, this study highlights the promise of computational modeling for providing a rich sense‐making and meaning‐making context for MLs to use epistemic considerations. The study also highlights the importance of attending to both epistemic and linguistic aspects of MLs' science learning as well as the potential of interdisciplinary research for studying this learning.
RADseq‐based population genomic analysis and environmental adaptation of rare and endangered recretohalophyte Reaumuria trigyna
Authors: Dang Zhenhua , Li Jiabin , Liu Yanan , Song Miaomiao , Lockhart Peter J. , Tian Yunyun , Niu Miaomiao , Wang Qinglang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenetic diversity reflects the survival potential, history, and population dynamics of an organism. It underlies the adaptive potential of populations and their response to environmental change. Reaumuria trigyna is an endemic species in the Eastern Alxa and West Ordos desert regions in China. The species has been considered a good candidate to explore the unique survival strategies of plants that inhabit this area. In this study, we performed population genomic analyses based on restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing to understand the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and differentiation of the species. Analyses of 92,719 high‐quality single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicated that overall genetic diversity of R. trigyna was low (HO = 0.249 and HE = 0.208). No significant genetic differentiation was observed among the investigated populations. However, a subtle population genetic structure was detected. We suggest that this might be explained by adaptive diversification reinforced by the geographical isolation of populations. Overall, 3513 outlier SNPs were located in 243 gene‐coding sequences in the R. trigyna transcriptome. Potential sites under diversifying selection occurred in genes (e.g., AP2/EREBP, E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase, FLS, and 4CL) related to phytohormone regulation and synthesis of secondary metabolites which have roles in adaptation of species. Our genetic analyses provide scientific criteria for evaluating the evolutionary capacity of R. trigyna and the discovery of unique adaptions. Our findings extend knowledge of refugia, environmental adaption, and evolution of germplasm resources that survive in the Ordos area.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in wild mammals of a safari park and a zoo in Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous Sabrina , Chowdhury Joya , Hasan Tanjila , Dutta Pronesh , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul , Faruque Md. Rayhan , Alim Mohammad Abdul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn safari parks and zoos, wild animals are kept mainly for recreational purposes. Animals in these enclosures are also crucial for the education, research, and conservation aspect. To ensure better management and good health of wild animals in captivity, it is essential to monitor the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic (helminths and protozoa) infections. The current investigation was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of GI parasitic infections in wild mammals at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib (BSM) safari park and Chattogram (CTG) zoo of Bangladesh. A total of 72 individual faecal samples were collected from 25 species of wild mammals. Routine qualitative (e.g. direct smear, sedimentation, and flotation) and quantitative (e.g. McMaster technique) tests were performed to identify the eggs or oocysts of helminths and protozoa. Results demonstrated that wild mammals of both BSM safari park and CTG zoo were infected with a total of 17 genera/species of helminths and protozoa. The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infections in wild mammals of both zoological parks was 65.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.14–76.12), whereas it was 72.4% (95% CI: 52.76–87.27) in the BSM safari park and 60.5% (95% CI: 44.41–75.02) in the CTG zoo. In both zoological parks, infection with nematodes was more frequent compared to other helminth into the wild mammals. The herbivores were more infected with GI parasites than carnivores and omnivores of both BSM safari park and CTG zoo. The mean eggs/oocysts per gram of faeces was the highest in the carnivores compared to herbivores and omnivores of both enclosures. The findings of the current study demonstrated that wild mammals of both BSM safari park and CTG zoo suffered from various GI parasitic infections. Regular monitoring along with proper therapeutic measures may reduce the severe consequences of GI parasitic infections in captive wild animals.
Introduction
Authors: Kijek Tomasz , Kijek Arkadiusz , Matras-Bolibok Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concept of income convergence has drawn the attention of many economists involved in the growth debate (Alataş, 2021). Recent theories of growth and empirical studies suggest that heterogeneity with respect to technological conditions in general and total factor productivity—TFP in particular are identified as the most decisive factors for the rate of income convergence of countries (Islam, 2003). Apparently, depending on whether initial TFP differences decrease or increase over time, income convergence or divergence may be a matter of fact. This has directed researchers’ attention to the concept of technological (TFP) convergence.
Regional Technological Convergence: Patterns and Determinants
Authors: Kijek Tomasz , Kijek Arkadiusz , Matras-Bolibok Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe convergence process is generally regarded as the implication of neoclassical growth theory (Solow, 1956). The assumption of diminishing returns to reproducible capital leads to convergence across countries and regions. Units with relatively lower initial capital to labour ratios experience technology transfers and capital flows from those with higher ratios. As a consequence, the income level converges across countries and regions.
Loss of GLTSCR1 causes congenital heart defects by regulating NPPA transcription
Authors: Han Fengyan , Yang Beibei , Chen Yan , Liu Lu , Cheng Xiaoqing , Huang Jiaqi , Zhou Ke , Zhang Dandan , Xu Enping , Lai Maode , Lv Bingjian , Cheng Hongqiang , Zhang Honghe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrecise and specific spatiotemporal domains of gene expression regulation are critical for embryonic development. Recent studies have identified GLTSCR1 as a gene transcriptional elongation regulator in cancer research. However, the function of GLTSCR1, especially in embryonic development, remains poorly understood. Here, we found that GLTSCR1 was essential for cardiac development because Gltscr1 knockout (Gltscr1−/−) led to embryonic lethality in mice with severe congenital heart defects (CHDs). Ventricular septal defect and double outflow right ventricular were also observed in neural crest cells with conditional deletion of Gltscr1, which were associated with neonatal lethality in mice. Mechanistically, GLTSCR1 deletion promoted NPPA expression by coordinating the CHD risk G allele of rs56153133 in the NPPA enhancer and releasing the transcription factor ZNF740-binding site on the NPPA promoter. These findings demonstrated that GLTSCR1 acts as a candidate CHD-related gene.
Clustering of variables methods and measurement models for soccer players’ performances
Authors: Carpita Maurizio , Pasca Paola , Arima Serena , Ciavolino Enrico 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn sports, studying player performances is a key issue since it provides a guideline for strategic choices and helps teams in the complex procedure of buying and selling of players. In this paper we aim at investigating the ability of various composite indicators to define a measurement structure for the global soccer performance. We rely on data provided by the EA Sports experts, who are the ultimate authority on soccer performance measurement: they periodically produce a set of players’ attributes that make up the broader, theoretical performance dimensions. Considering the potential of clustering techniques to confirm or disconfirm the experts’ assumptions in terms of aggregations between indicators, 29 players’ performance attributes or variables (from the FIFA19 version of the videogame, that is, sofifa) have been considered and processed with three different techniques: the Cluster of variables around latent variables (CLV), the Principal covariates regression (PCovR) and Bayesian model-based clustering (B-MBC). The three procedures yielded clusters that differed from experts’ classification. In order to identify the most appropriate measurement structure, the resulting clusters have been embedded into Structural equation models with partial least squares (PLS-SEMs) with a Higher-Order Component (that is, the overall soccer performance). The statistically derived composite indicators have been compared with those of experts’ classification. Results support the concurrent validity of composite indicators derived through the statistical methods: overall, they show that, in the lack of expert judgement, composite indicators, as well as the resulting PLS-SEM models, are a viable alternative given their greater correlation to players’ economic value and salary.