bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: Impact and patient value in neurological disorders
Authors: de Vries Elisabeth , Hagbohm Caroline , Ouellette Russell , Granberg Tobias 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a cornerstone of non‐invasive diagnostics and treatment monitoring, particularly for diseases of the central nervous system. Although 1.5‐ and 3 Tesla (T) field strengths remain the clinical standard, the advent of 7 T MRI represents a transformative step forward, offering superior spatial resolution, contrast, and sensitivity for visualizing neuroanatomy, metabolism, and function. Recent innovations, including parallel transmission and deep learning–based reconstruction, have resolved many prior technical challenges of 7 T MRI, enabling its routine clinical use. This review examines the diagnostic impact, patient value, and practical considerations of 7 T MRI, emphasizing its role in facilitating earlier diagnoses and improving care in conditions, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), epilepsy, multiple sclerosis (MS), dementia, parkinsonism, tumors, and vascular diseases. Based on insights from over 1200 clinical scans with a second‐generation 7 T system, the review highlights disease‐specific biomarkers such as the motor band sign in ALS and the new diagnostic markers in MS, the central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions. The unparalleled ability of 7 T MRI to study neurological diseases ex vivo at ultra‐high resolution is also explored, offering new opportunities to understand pathophysiology and identify novel treatment targets. Additionally, the review provides a clinical perspective on patient handling and safety considerations, addressing challenges and practicalities associated with clinical 7 T MRI. By bridging research and clinical practice, 7 T MRI has the potential to redefine neuroimaging and advance the understanding and management of complex neurological disorders.
Positional obstructive sleep apnea in children prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Kevat Ajay , Alwadhi Dhruv , Chew Ai Xin , Iyer Kartik , Chawla Jasneek , Suresh Sadasivam , Collaro Andrew 
Published: January 2025

SummaryPositional obstructive sleep apnea, in which there is a ≥ 2:1 predominance of obstructive events in the supine position, is a sleep‐disordered breathing phenotype with a targeted treatment in the form of positional device therapy. We sought to determine the prevalence of positional obstructive sleep apnea in a cohort of children prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy, ascertain risk factors for the condition, and determine the associated continuous positive airway pressure treatment adherence rate. A retrospective cohort study of all children > 2 years old from a single tertiary paediatric centre prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy over an 8‐year period was conducted. Positional obstructive sleep apnea prevalence was established by analysing positional and respiratory event data from the participants' original diagnostic polysomnography. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy adherence was determined using data from machine download. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to determine participant demographic and clinical factors associated with positional obstruction. Positional obstructive sleep apnea (defined by Bignold's criteria modified for paediatric use) prevalence in the cohort of 237 analysed participants was 38%. Suboptimal continuous positive airway pressure adherence was noted in 30% of this group based on initial machine download, performed a median of 96 days post‐treatment initiation. Higher age and lower obstructive apnea–hypopnea index were independent predictors of positional obstructive sleep apnea, whereas neurodevelopmental diagnosis, presence/absence of rapid eye movement‐related obstructive sleep apnea, overweight/obesity status and history of adenoidectomy/adenotonsillectomy were not. For children, positional device therapy is a treatment option worthy of further consideration and research.
Consumer Environmental Awareness in a Green Managerial Delegation Contract Under Common Ownership
Authors: Xing Mingqing , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines consumers' environmental awareness (CEA) in a green managerial delegation contract with environmental incentives under common ownership. We find that higher CEA increases environmental incentives, while an increase of common ownership may reduce environmental incentives if CEA is high enough. We also demonstrate that an increase of common ownership is profitable to the industry through environmental incentives only when both CEA and common ownership are small enough, but a higher CEA can reduce the industry‐wide profitable level of common ownership. Our analysis reveals that the government should monitor the higher level of common ownership and induce higher environmental incentives as CEA increases.
Combining In Vivo Two‐Photon and Laser Speckle Microscopy With the Ex Vivo Capillary‐Parenchymal Arteriole Preparation as a Novel Approach to Study Neurovascular Coupling
Authors: Evans Lowri E. , Gray Anna L. , Walsh Katy R. , Danby Thea G. E. , Pritchard Harry A. T. , Allan Stuart M. , Gurney Alison M. , Greenstein Adam S. , Schiessl Ingo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveCerebral blood flow (CBF) decline is increasingly recognized as an area of importance for targeting neurodegenerative disorders, yet full understanding of the mechanisms that underlie CBF changes are lacking. Animal models are crucial for expanding our knowledge as methods for studying global CBF and neurovascular coupling in humans are limited and require expensive specialized scanners.MethodsUse of appropriate animal models can increase our understanding of cerebrovascular function, so we have combined chronic cranial windows with in vivo two‐photon and laser speckle microscopy and ex vivo capillary‐parenchymal arteriole (CaPA) preparations. Chronic cranial windows allow for longitudinal direct observation of the cerebral microvasculature and surrounding parenchyma while the CaPA preparation can assess capillary and arteriole function in isolation of the neuronal tissue.ResultsHere, we found that extra‐dural cranial windows and related imaging protocols do not affect vascular function in the CaPA preparation. Cortical vessels from animals that have undergone imaging can therefore be taken to discover physiological alterations in the cerebral vasculature that contribute to any observed in vivo changes.ConclusionThis approach will enhance neurodegenerative research with the benefit of limiting animal usage.
Gut Neuropathies and Intestinal Motility Disorders
Authors: Wattchow David A. , Brookes Simon J. H. , Spencer Nick J. , De Giorgio Roberto , Costa Marcello , Dinning Phil G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe enteric nervous system plays a key role in the coordination of gastrointestinal motility together with sympathetic, parasympathetic, and extrinsic sensory pathways. In some cases, abnormalities in neural activity in these pathways contribute to disorders of gut motility. Where this is associated with damage or death of enteric neurons, usually detected by microscopy, this is considered a gut neuropathy.PurposeThis review summarizes recent advances in the identification of neuropathies in a range of gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Effect of temperature on circadian clock functioning of trees in the context of global warming
Authors: Estravis‐Barcala Maximiliano , Gaischuk Sofía , Gonzalez‐Polo Marina , Martinez‐Meier Alejandro , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Yanovsky Marcelo J. , Bellora Nicolás , Arana María Verónica 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Plant survival in a warmer world requires the timely adjustment of biological processes to cyclical changes in the new environment. Circadian oscillators have been proposed to contribute to thermal adaptation and plasticity. However, the influence of temperature on circadian clock performance and its impact on plant behaviour in natural ecosystems are not well‐understood.
We combined bioinformatics, molecular biology and ecophysiology to investigate the effects of increasing temperatures on the functioning of the circadian clock in two closely related tree species from Patagonian forests that constitute examples of adaptation to different thermal environments based on their altitudinal profiles.
Nothofagus pumilio, the species from colder environments, showed a major rearrangement of its transcriptome and reduced ability to maintain rhythmicity at high temperatures compared with Nothofagus obliqua, which inhabits warmer zones. In altitude‐swap experiments, N. pumilio, but not N. obliqua, showed limited oscillator function in warmer zones of the forest, and reduced survival and growth.
Our findings show that interspecific differences in the influence of temperature on circadian clock performance are associated with preferred thermal niches, and to thermal plasticity of seedlings in natural environments, highlighting the potential role of a resonating oscillator in ecological adaptation to a warming environment.
A Nomogram to Predict Mortality in Patients With Severe Oral and Maxillofacial Space Infections
Authors: Zhu Hanyi , Qian Wentao , Li Yanxiang , He Zhiyuan , Shi Huan , Wang Baoli 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the risk factors for death in extremely severe oral and maxillofacial space infection (OMSI) patients and to use these findings to establish a nomogram model that can be used to predict individual patient prognosis.MethodsPatients with extremely severe OMSI seen between 2020 and 2024 were enrolled (N = 102). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse the associations between clinical factors and the risk of death, and a nomogram was developed to visualise the model. Model accuracy and clinical utility of the nomogram was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsSix variables were associated with death. Three independent risk factors for death were identified by multivariate logistic regression: history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (OR: 7.716; 95% CI: 0.988–52.122; p = 0.050), D‐dimer (OR: 1.162; 95% CI: 1.048–1.28; p = 0.004), and serum creatinine level (OR: 1.011; 95% CI: 1.002–1.020; p = 0.018). The nomogram had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.819.ConclusionA history of RA, D‐dimer and serum creatinine are independent prognostic factors for overall survival in OMSI patients. The nomogram model showed good concordance and accuracy.
Efficacy of Auricular Therapy for Motor Impairment After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mao Yingqi , Xu Donghan , Yan Peiyu , Li Yu , Du Jiaan , Zheng Yi , Wu Qibiao , Yu Lili , Qiu Tao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA high number of stroke patients cannot recover fully from motor impairment despite early rehabilitation. Auricular therapies, usually given by acupuncture doctors or nurses, have been widely used among these post‐stroke patients. Potential benefits of auricular therapies were shown in recent clinical trials.ObjectivesThe purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the clinical effects of auricular therapy in the treatment of post‐stroke motor impairment.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases were searched from their inception to May 2023. Randomised controlled trials of auricular therapy for the treatment of post‐stroke motor impairment met the screening criteria. The primary outcome was the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA). The secondary outcomes included the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale (FMA‐UE), Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS), clinical efficacy and the Barthel Index Scale (BI). Meta‐analysis was carried out using RevMan software 5.3.ResultsTwenty‐eight RCTs with 1993 patients were included. The meta‐analysis results suggested that compared with conventional treatment, auricular therapy combined with conventional treatment significantly improved the FMA score (MD: 15.07, 95% CI, 12.56 to 17.59), the FMA‐UE score (MD: 6.49, 95% CI, 5.54 to 7.45), the clinical efficacy (RR: 1.20, 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.29) and the BI score (MD: 10.26, 95% CI, 9.11 to 11.40), while the combination treatment significantly decreased the CSS score (MD: −2.98, 95% CI, −4.38 to −1.59).ConclusionAuricular therapy, as an adjunctive treatment to the conventional treatment, improved post‐stroke motor impairment and self‐care ability. Early auricular therapy of the patients in the early disease stage may lead to better improvement. Further well‐designed, large‐size clinical studies are needed.Implications for PracticeThis study suggested that auricular therapy could be used as a complementary therapy with conventional treatment for improving motor impairment and self‐care ability among post‐stroke patients with motor impairment in hospitals, long‐term care facilities and homes.
The Incorporation of Melanosomes by Senescent Keratinocytes Causes the Accumulation of Melanin due to Decreased Energy Metabolism
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroko , Ando Hideya 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn solar lentigo, a typical age‐related pigmentary disorder of the skin, abundant melanin is deposited in the basal layer of keratinocytes and not spontaneously eliminated. The reason for the prolonged melanin accumulation in keratinocytes is not fully understood. Therefore, we focused on the energy metabolism of keratinocytes that incorporate melanosomes, specialized organelles where melanin pigment is synthesized, and investigated the mechanism of melanin accumulation in keratinocytes. Energy metabolism in keratinocytes after the addition of melanosomes was assessed by measuring ATP levels, lactate production, and oxygen consumption rate. Energy limitations after melanosome addition were evaluated by microscopy. Cells with incorporated melanosomes were stained for senescence and proliferation markers. The results showed that keratinocytes upregulated their energy metabolism after melanosome incorporation and energy limitations increased the amount of melanin per cell. Keratinocytes positive for senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase, a cellular senescence marker, accumulated large amounts of melanin, while keratinocytes positive for 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, a proliferation marker, contained little melanin. These findings indicate that senescent keratinocytes tend to accumulate melanin, which may be due to their impaired energy metabolism and thus inability to activate energy metabolism after melanosome incorporation. Our results suggest that melanosome incorporation by senescent keratinocytes causes the persistent melanin deposition in solar lentigo.
It's Getting Better All the Time: Decreased Cumulative Incidence of Waitlist Mortality in Pediatric Candidates Following 2018 Heart Allocation Policy Change
Authors: Donnelly Conor , Motter Jennifer D. , Patel Suhani S. , Long Jane J. , Liyanage Luckmini , Varma Manu , Singh Rakesh K. , Segev Dorry L. , Massie Allan B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeIn October 2018, the OPTN changed adult heart transplant (HT) allocation policy, increasing the number of adult candidates that had higher priority than pediatric candidates, potentially disadvantaging pediatric waitlist registrants.MethodsTo understand the impact of this policy change, we used SRTR data to identify 1469 pre‐policy (7/2016–9/2018) and 2901 (10/2018–12/2022) post‐policy pediatric (< 18 years) HT registrants. We quantified mortality and transplant risks using weighted cause‐specific hazard models, and then using weighted competing risks regression. We further stratified these analyses by age to understand risks for those in direct competition with adults for organs (≥ 12 years).ResultsPost‐policy, patients were more likely to need VAD prior to HT. There were no changes in post‐policy access to HT (weighted hazard ratio [wHR] = 0.96 1.03 1.11, p = 0.43). Mortality risk censoring for transplantation declined by 20% post‐policy (wHR = 0.64 0.80 1.02, p = 0.05). When accounting for competing risks of transplantation, post policy, mortality decreased by 24% compared to pre‐policy (weighted subdistribution HR [wSHR] = 0.61 0.76 0.94, p = 0.02). Post policy, 1‐year transplant rate did not change in those < 12years (68.2%–71.0%, p = 0.77), but in those ≥ 12years, transplant rate increased (77.3%–81.0%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsMortality on the waitlist decreased and access to HT for pediatric registrants did not decline following the 2018 policy change. The decreased mortality rate may reflect changes in patient casemix and/or improved patient care. Continued surveillance is important in ensuring equity in pediatric, and adult, HT.
Prevention of Infections Among Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Asplenia or Hyposplenism
Authors: Espinoza‐Candelaria Gabriela J. , Yildirim Inci , Yamada Masaki , Minniear Timothy D. , L'Huillier Arnaud G. , Dulek Daniel E. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Ardura Monica I. , Michaels Marian G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with splenic dysfunction are at increased risk for infections, and tailored guidance on the management of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients is often lacking. The purpose of this article is to provide practice recommendations via a frequently asked questions (FAQs) format that focuses on three main domains: the identification of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients/candidates, prophylactic strategies for mitigating the risk of invasive disease associated with splenic dysfunction in the context of transplantation, and the provision of appropriate patient counseling on the risks associated with asplenia/hyposplenism. Answers to the FAQs are based on international expert opinion informed by practices for managing splenic dysfunction and associated data in other populations with asplenia. Gaps in the existing literature and relevant research aims are emphasized.
EEG Microstates in the Study of Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Preliminary Evidence
Authors: Berchio Cristina , Kumar Samika S. , Narzisi Antonio , Fabbri‐Destro Maddalena 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition that affects both children and adults. Microstate (MS) analyses, a data‐driven approach that identifies stable patterns in EEG signals, offer valuable insights into the neurophysiological characteristics of ADHD. This review summarizes findings from 13 studies that applied MS analyses to resting‐state and task‐based brain activity in individuals with ADHD. Relevant research articles were retrieved from electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and Scopus. The reviewed studies applied MS analyses to explore brain activity differences in ADHD populations. Resting‐state studies consistently reported alterations in MS organization, with increased duration (MS‐D) and changes in temporal dynamics (MS‐C), potentially reflecting executive dysfunctions and delayed maturation of the default mode network. Additionally, MS B demonstrated promise in distinguishing between ADHD subtypes based on differences in visual network function. Task‐based and event‐related potential (ERP) studies, using paradigms like the continuous performance task (CPT) or Go–NoGo Task, identified MS abnormalities (i.e., N2, P2, P3, CNV) linked to inhibition and attentional resource allocation. Preliminary evidence suggests that MS analyses hold potential for distinguishing individuals with ADHD from control groups. The integration of machine learning techniques holds promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and identifying ADHD subtypes, while MS analyses may also help monitor the effects of stimulant medications like methylphenidate by tracking neurophysiological changes. However, this review highlights the need for more standardized methodologies to enhance the generalizability and replicability of findings. These efforts will ultimately contribute to a deeper understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie ADHD.
May a Single Presurgical High‐Field MRI Sequence Replace Standard Radiographs for TPLO Surgical Planning in Dogs?
Authors: Mattei Chiara , Pratesi Andrea , Bernardini Marco , Specchi Swan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease causes variable stifle instability assessed by specific clinical tests. Radiographs are performed to measure the tibial plateau angle (TPA) for planning tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery. Concomitant damage to other intra‐articular structures, for which clinical detection is unreliable, may occur and potentially affect the surgical outcome. Joint assessment during TPLO through instrumented inspection is therefore advised, though it increases the risk of complications. Magnetic resonance imaging offers a noninvasive alternative, adds information about intra‐ and periarticular structures, and could potentially be used for TPA measurements. This prospective study aimed to (1) assess the correlation between the TPA measured with the standard presurgical radiographs and with a single sagittal intermediate‐weighted fat‐saturated MRI sequence and (2) compare the surgical findings with the information obtained by the MRI sequence. Twenty‐one stifles were included; TPA correlation using radiographs‐MRI was available for 17 stifles, and surgery‐MRI comparison was available for 18 stifles. A strong significant correlation was identified between the TPA measurements on radiographs‐MRI (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.923; p‐value <.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of MRI to detect surgically confirmed complete versus partial CCL rupture were 85.7% and 75%, respectively; MRI identified 7 of 8 surgically confirmed injured menisci and detected abnormal signal intensity in 8 of 10 medial menisci and nine caudal cruciate ligaments reported as normal intra‐operatively. The MRI additionally identified abnormal subchondral bone signals in nine stifles and muscular hyperintensity in six cases. This presurgical MRI sequence might replace standard radiographs for TPA measurements and can provide information about concomitant joint injuries with potential prognostic impact.