bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing decisions people with motor neuron disease make about gastrostomy placement and ventilation: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: White Sean , O'Cathain Alicia , Halliday Vanessa , Croot Liz , McDermott Christopher J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with motor neuron disease (pwMND) are routinely offered gastrostomy feeding tube placement and (non‐invasive and invasive) ventilation to manage the functional decline associated with the disease. This study aimed to synthesise the findings from the qualitative literature to understand how individual, clinical team and organisational factors influence pwMND decisions about these interventions.MethodsThe study design was guided by the enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREC) statement. The search of five bibliography databases and an extensive supplementary search strategy identified 27 papers that included qualitative accounts of pwMND, caregivers and healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences of making decisions about gastrostomy and ventilation. The findings from each study were included in a thematic synthesis.FindingsMaking decisions about interventions is an emotional rather than simply a functional issue for pwMND. The interventions can signal an end to normality, and increasing dependence, where pwMND consider the balance between quality of life and extending survival. Interactions with multiple HCPs and caregivers can influence the process of decision‐making and the decisions made. These interactions contribute to the autonomy pwMND are able to exert during decision‐making. HCPs can both promote and threaten pwMND perceived agency over decisions through how they approach discussions about these interventions. Though there is uncertainty over the timing of interventions, pwMND who agree to interventions report reaching a tipping point where they accept the need for change.ConclusionDiscussion of gastrostomy and ventilation options generate an emotional response in pwMND. Decisions are the consequence of interactions with multiple external agents, including HCPs treading a complex ethical path when trying to improve health outcomes while respecting pwMND right to autonomy. Future decision support interventions that address the emotional response and seek to support autonomy have the potential to enable pwMND to make informed and timely decisions about gastrostomy placement and ventilation.Patient or Public ContributionThe lead author collaborated with several patient and participant involvement (PPI) groups with regards to the conceptualisation and design of this project. Decisions that have been influenced by discussions with multiple PPI panels include widening the scope of decisions about ventilation in addition to gastrostomy placement and the perceptions of all stakeholders involved (i.e., pwMND, caregivers and HCPs).
Understanding barriers of eating unfamiliar fruits and vegetables in children using ‘Sensory Play’: a narrative review
Authors: Crawford Brooke , Low Julia Y.Q. , Newman Lisa 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis narrative review focuses on the effects of ‘Sensory Play’ on young children's willingness to try new nutritious foods, particularly fruits and vegetables. Young children are often fussy when it comes to trying new nutritious foods. ‘Sensory Play’ is a type of early childhood sensory education that stimulates one, or more, of the five senses: taste, touch, smell, sight and sound. This review examines the literature on sensory‐based education and its effects on children's willingness to taste fruits and vegetables. Previous research has explored the use of ‘Sensory Play’ to introduce fruits and vegetables to young children, with promising results in increasing intake. However, there is a gap in research on the potential use of non‐taste exposure activities (i.e. activities that use the sense of touch, smell, sight and sound, but not taste) to increase children's willingness to try unfamiliar fruits and vegetables. The outcomes of this review explored the potential of how these sensory‐based educational tools can be used to decrease barriers of fruits and vegetables acceptance.
Encapsulated powders of Alcea flower polyphenol‐rich extract by different hydrocolloid carriers: characterisation, antioxidant activity and chemical structures
Authors: Kalajahi Sina Ghadimi , Malekjani Narjes , Samborska Katarzyna , Akbarbaglu Zahra , Gharehbeglou Pouria , Sarabandi Khashayar , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: May 2023

SummaryAlcea flower (as a natural source of antioxidants and colour) polyphenols might be easily deteriorated during processing and preservation. So, encapsulation is a suitable approach to overcome this problem. In this study, Alcea flower extract (AFE) was encapsulated using different carriers (maltodextrin (MD) and MD with gum arabic (GA), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and GA‐WPC). The production yield (~70%) was higher when MD‐WPC mixture or MD alone were used. The moisture content, water activity (aw), and wettability time of samples containing MD were less than other samples while their solubility was higher. Bulk and tapped density and also hygroscopicity were lowest in the samples produced using MD‐WPC, with improved flowability. The morphological characteristics of particles (matrix‐type particles with smooth and spherical surfaces in MD samples and wrinkled and indented in protein carriers) were affected by the carrier composition. Chemical structure evaluation (FTIR) indicated the successful coating of polyphenols in the carrier matrix. Generally, TPC (0.93 mg GAE mL−1) and retention of DPPH (82.4%), ABTS (94.1%), hydroxyl radical scavenging (77.2%) and reducing power (87.5%) of the samples produced with MD‐WPC were higher than other carriers.
Comprehensive characterisation of taste and aroma profiles of Daokou red‐cooked chicken by GC‐IMS and GC–MS combined with chemometrics
Authors: Sun Xiangxiang , Yu Yumei , Saleh Ahmed S. M. , Yang Xinyu , Ma Jiale , Zhang Dequan , Li Wenhao , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: May 2023

SummaryTaste and aroma profiles of Daokou red‐cooked chickens (DRCs) were analysed using different techniques and methods. Multivariate data analysis revealed that e‐nose and e‐tongue could successfully discriminate DRCs of various sources based on their taste and aroma profiles. Flavour nucleotide content and umami concentration of breasts were higher than those of thighs. Additionally, a fingerprint was established to analyse the distribution of different volatile compounds using gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry. A total number of 54 volatile components was identified in the DRCs, mostly aldehydes, esters, ketones, terpenes and alcohols. Odour activity value demonstrated that nine volatile components, including 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 2‐pentylfuran, eucalyptol, nonanal, estragole, anisaldehyde, anethole, eugenol and hexanal, could be considered as the characteristic flavour compounds of DRCs. Furthermore, partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) analysis showed that sweet tastes, anethole, 5′‐inosine monophosphate, eugenol, eucalyptol, umami tastes, sour tastes, bitter tastes, 2,3‐butanedione, hexanal, hypoxanthine, inosine and d‐limonene were significant factors that caused the differences among DRCs of different sources. Sensory analysis revealed variations in consumer preferences of DRCs from different suppliers. Obtained results will help in understanding of how taste and flavour compounds affect quality and preferences of DRCs, which will help manufacturers improve processing methods and promote consumption of DRCs.
Analytical validation of white blood cell differential and platelet assessment on the Sysmex DI‐60 digital morphology analyzer
Authors: Lapić Ivana , Miloš Marija , Dorotić Marija , Drenški Valentina , Coen Herak Désirée , Rogić Dunja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionDigital morphology analyzers are increasingly replacing light microscopy in laboratory hematology practice. This study aimed to perform the analytical validation of the white blood cell (WBC) differential and of reliability of platelet assessment on Sysmex DI‐60 (Kobe, Japan).MethodsValidation included determination of within‐run and between‐run precision for WBC differential according to the CLSI EP15‐A3 protocol, accuracy and method comparison with light microscopy and with the automated WBC differential from the Sysmex XN‐10 hematology analyzer, reliability of platelet clump detection and platelet count estimation.ResultsStandard deviations of both pre‐ and post‐classification mostly satisfied manufacturer's criteria for imprecision. Accuracy assessment revealed that only eosinophil count (1.4%) in one peripheral blood smear (PBS) remained outside the declared range (2–10%) after reclassification. Method comparison between DI‐60 and light microscopy yielded Spearman's correlation coefficients from 0.37 (basophils) to 0.94 (neutrophils and lymphocytes), minor proportional difference for bands, constant difference for monocytes, both constant and proportional difference for lymphocytes and statistically significant biases for bands, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils. Diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of DI‐60 in detecting immature/pathological cells were 88.7% (95%CI:81.1–94.0) and 83.0% (95%CI:78.7–86.7), respectively, with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95%CI:0.82–0.89). Agreement in detection of platelet clumps was 94.8% (kappa coefficient = 0.67, 95%CI:0.53–0.80). Se and Sp of DI‐60 to detect platelet clumps were 65.7% (95%CI: 47.8–80.9) and 96.9% (95%CI: 93.9–98.6), respectively, while AUC was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.76–0.86).ConclusionDI‐60 provides reliable WBC differential and platelet assessment. In doubtful cases, the use of light microscopy is still mandatory.
Applied machine learning in hematopathology
Authors: Dehkharghanian Taher , Mu Youqing , Tizhoosh Hamid R. , Campbell Clinton J. V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn increasing number of machine learning applications are being developed and applied to digital pathology, including hematopathology. The goal of these modern computerized tools is often to support diagnostic workflows by extracting and summarizing information from multiple data sources, including digital images of human tissue. Hematopathology is inherently multimodal and can serve as an ideal case study for machine learning applications. However, hematopathology also poses unique challenges compared to other pathology subspecialities when applying machine learning approaches. By modeling the pathologist workflow and thinking process, machine learning algorithms may be designed to address practical and tangible problems in hematopathology. In this article, we discuss the current trends in machine learning in hematopathology. We review currently available machine learning enabled medical devices supporting hematopathology workflows. We then explore current machine learning research trends of the field with a focus on bone marrow cytology and histopathology, and how adoption of new machine learning tools may be enabled through the transition to digital pathology.
Surgical treatment of penile foreign body granuloma: Penile shaft reconstruction with single‐ versus two‐stage scrotal flap techniques
Authors: Lumbiganon Supanut , Pachirat Kachit , Sirithanaphol Wichien , Rompsaithong Ukrit , Kiatsopit Pakorn , Nuwatkrisin Kanrapee 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo report outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with penile foreign body granuloma and compare surgical outcomes between single‐ and two‐stage scrotal flap reconstructions.MethodsMedical records of patients with penile foreign body granuloma who underwent surgical treatment were reviewed. Patients with single‐ and two‐stage scrotal flap reconstructions were compared.ResultsForty‐two patients underwent surgical treatment from January 1, 2018 to October 31, 2022. Twenty‐three patients underwent single‐stage reconstruction with bilateral scrotal flap while 12 patients underwent two‐stage repair with 19 operations. Five patients underwent circumcision; one had excision with primary closure. Another patient underwent reconstruction by penile skin preservation technique. There was no statistically significant differences between single‐ and two‐stage groups in wound infection (8.69% vs. 0%, RR 2.71, 95%CI; 0.14–52.29), wound dehiscence (21.74% vs. 8.33%, RR 2.61, 95%CI 0.34–19.87), reoperation rate (26.08% vs. 8.33%, RR 3.13, 95%CI; 0.42–23.10). Postoperative fever was significantly higher in single‐stage group (56.52 vs. 8.33%, RR 6.78, 95%CI; 1.01–43.83). Total length of hospital stay was shorter in single‐stage group (7.43 ± 3.19 days vs. 10.86 ± 1.57 days, MD −3.42, 95%CI; −5.28 to −1.57). Incidence of patients without Clavien–Dindo surgical complications was significantly lower in single‐stage group (43.48% vs. 83.33%, RR 0.53, 95%CI; 0.31–0.89).ConclusionsBoth single‐ and two‐stage techniques may be considered for penile foreign body granuloma reconstruction. Although the hospital stay was longer in two‐stage group, the complication rates were lower.
Phonetic and Lexical Crosslinguistic Influence in Early Spanish–Basque–English Trilinguals
Authors: Stoehr Antje , Jevtović Mina , de Bruin Angela , Martin Clara D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA central question in multilingualism research is how multiple languages interact. Most studies have focused on first (L1) and second language (L2) effects on a third language (L3), but a small number of studies dedicated to the opposite transfer direction have suggested stronger L3 influence on L2 than on L1 in postpuberty learners. In our study, we provide further support for stronger L3‐to‐L2 than L3‐to‐L1 influence and show that it extends to (a) phonetics and the lexicon and (b) childhood learners. Fifty Spanish–Basque–English trilingual adults who had acquired Spanish from birth and Basque between 2 to 4 years of age through immersion participated in a speeded trilingual switching task measuring production of voice onset time and lexical intrusions. Participants experienced more phonetic and lexical crosslinguistic influence from L3 English during L2‐Basque production than during L1‐Spanish production. These findings show that even highly proficient early bilinguals experience differential influence from a classroom‐taught L3 to L1 and to L2.
Detecting and analysing intraspecific genetic variation with eDNA: From population genetics to species abundance
Authors: Andres Kara J. , Lodge David M. , Sethi Suresh A. , Andrés Jose 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdvancements in environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches have allowed for rapid and efficient species detections in diverse environments. Although most eDNA research is focused on leveraging genetic diversity to identify taxa, some recent studies have explored the potential for these approaches to detect within‐species genetic variation, allowing for population genetic assessments and abundance estimates from environmental samples. However, we currently lack a framework outlining the key considerations specific to generating, analysing and applying eDNA data for these two purposes. Here, we discuss how various genetic markers differ with regard to genetic information and detectability in environmental samples and how analysis of eDNA samples differs from common tissue‐based analyses. We then outline how it may be possible to obtain species absolute abundance estimates from eDNA by detecting intraspecific genetic variation in mixtures of DNA under multiple scenarios. We also identify the major causes contributing to allele detection and frequency errors in eDNA data, discuss their consequences for population‐level analyses and outline bioinformatic approaches to detect and remove erroneous sequences. This review summarizes the key advances required to harness the full potential of eDNA‐based intraspecific genetic variation to inform population‐level questions in ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation management.
Design and evaluation of an independent 4‐week, exosuit‐assisted, post‐stroke community walking program
Authors: Nuckols Richard W. , Chang Chih‐Kang , Kim Daekyum , Eckert‐Erdheim Asa , Orzel Dorothy , Baker Lauren , Baker Teresa , Wendel Nicholas C. , Quinlivan Brendan , Murphy Patrick , Grupper Jesse , Villalobos Jacqueline , Awad Louis N. , Ellis Terry D. , Walsh Conor J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic impairment in the paretic ankle following stroke often requires that individuals use compensatory patterns such as asymmetric propulsion to achieve effective walking speeds needed for community engagement. Ankle exosuit assistance can provide ankle biomechanical benefit in the lab, but such environments inherently limit the amount of practice available. Community walking studies without exosuits can provide massed practice and benefit walking speed but are limited in their ability to assist proper mechanics. In this study, we combined the positive aspects of community training with those of exosuit assistance. We developed and evaluated a community Robotic Exosuit Augmented Locomotion (cREAL) program. Four participants in the chronic stage of stroke independently used our community ankle exosuit for walking in the community 3–5 days/week for 4 weeks. We performed lab evaluations before and after the 4‐week program. Two participants significantly improved their unassisted paretic propulsion by an average of 27% after the program and walked on average 4001 steps/day more in the week following the program. Despite the small number of participants, this study provides preliminary evidence for the potential of exosuits to augment gait training and rehabilitation in the community.
Grazing in a megagrazer‐dominated savanna does not reduce soil carbon stocks, even at high intensities
Authors: Hyvarinen Olli , te Beest Mariska , le Roux Elizabeth , Kerley Graham I. H. , Findlay Nicola , Schenkeveld Walter D. C. , Trouw Victor , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M 
Published: May 2023

Recent studies suggest that wild animals can promote ecosystem carbon sinks through their impacts on vegetation and soils. However, livestock studies show that intense levels of grazing reduce soil organic carbon (SOC), leading to concerns that rewilding with large grazers may compromise ecosystem carbon storage. Furthermore, wild grazers can both limit and promote woody plant recruitment and survival on savanna grasslands, with both positive and negative impacts on SOC, depending on the rainfall and soil texture contexts. We used grazing lawns in one of the few African protected savannas that are still dominated by megagrazers (> 1000 kg), namely white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum, as a model to study the impact of prolonged and intense wild grazing on SOC stocks. We contrasted SOC stocks between patches of varying grazing intensity and woody plant encroachment in sites across different rhino habitat types. We found no differences in SOC stocks between the most‐ and least grazed plots in any of the habitats. Intermediately grazed plots, however, had higher SOC stocks in the top 5 cm compared to most and least grazed plots, but only in the closed‐canopy woodland habitat and not in the open habitats. Importantly, we found no evidence to support the hypothesis that wild grazing reduces SOC, even at high grazing intensities by the world's largest megagrazer. Compared to the non‐encroached reference plots, woody encroached plots had higher SOC stocks in soils with low clay content and lower SOC stocks in soils with high clay content, although only in the top 5 cm. Accordingly, our study highlights that wild grazers may influence SOC indirectly through their impact on tree‐grass ratios in grassy ecosystems. Our study thus provides important insights for future natural climate solutions that focus on wild grazer conservation and restoration.Keywords: fire, grazing impact, rewilding, soil carbon, white rhinoceros, woody encroachment
Fine mapping of qAHPS07 and functional studies of AhRUVBL2 controlling pod size in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Yang Hui , Luo Lu , Li Yuying , Li Huadong , Zhang Xiurong , Zhang Kun , Zhu Suqing , Li Xuanlin , Li Yingjie , Wan Yongshan , Liu Fengzhen 
Published: May 2023

SummaryCultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop. Pod size is one of the major traits determining yield and commodity characteristic of peanut. Fine mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTL) and identification of candidate genes associated with pod size are essential for genetic improvement and molecular breeding of peanut varieties. In this study, a major QTL related to pod size, qAHPS07, was fine mapped to a 36.46 kb interval on chromosome A07 using F2, recombinant inbred line (RIL) and secondary F2 populations. qAHPS07 explained 38.6%, 23.35%, 37.48%, 25.94% of the phenotypic variation for single pod weight (SPW), pod length (PL), pod width (PW) and pod shell thickness (PST), respectively. Whole genome resequencing and gene expression analysis revealed that a RuvB‐like 2 protein coding gene AhRUVBL2 was the most likely candidate for qAHPS07. Overexpression of AhRUVBL2 in Arabidopsis led to larger seeds and plants than the wild type. AhRUVBL2‐silenced peanut seedlings represented small leaves and shorter main stems. Three haplotypes were identified according to three SNPs in the promoter of AhRUVBL2 among 119 peanut accessions. Among them, SPW, PW and PST of accessions carrying Hap_ATT represent 17.6%, 11.2% and 26.3% higher than those carrying Hap_GAC，respectively. In addition, a functional marker of AhRUVBL2 was developed. Taken together, our study identified a key functional gene of peanut pod size, which provides new insights into peanut pod size regulation mechanism and offers practicable markers for the genetic improvement of pod size‐related traits in peanut breeding.
Optimizing quantitative trait loci introgression in elite rice germplasms: Comparing methods and population sizes to develop new recipients via stochastic simulations
Authors: Platten John Damien , Fritsche‐Neto Roberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study compared three strategies to develop new recipients for quantitative trait loci (QTL) introgression (background recovery [BG], selective sweep [SS] and breeding value [BV]) in a short‐term rice breeding programme (over five breeding cycles). Furthermore, we evaluated two different numbers of recipients (10 and 20) in the introgression process and how they influence the population performance and the QTL fixation over cycles. Finally, we used the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) rice breeding framework as the model to perform the stochastic simulations. Each strategy was simulated and replicated 100 times. Regardless of the selection strategy used, the QTL introgression resulted in substantial penalties in yield performance. However, introducing fewer new parents to the augmentation process minimized this effect. Conversely, the time required to achieve fixation of target QTLs showed substantial differences, with selection for BV during augmentation outperforming other methods. Overall, the BV_10 strategy (10 parents selected based on genomic estimated BV) displayed the best trade‐off between reduced penalty from introducing new QTLs with a reasonable speed at which those QTLs can achieve fixation over subsequent breeding cycles.