bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The data on the boundary at order $$\alpha '$$
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe least action principle indicates that for the open spacetime manifolds, there are data on the boundary. Recently, it has been proposed that the data for the effective actions at order $$\alpha '$$

α
′

are the values of the massless fields and their first derivatives. These data should be respected by the T-duality transformations at order $$\alpha '$$

α
′

. Moreover, the T-duality transformations should not change the unit vector to the boundary which in turns implies that the base space metric should be also invariant. Assuming such restricted T-duality transformations, we show that the transformation of the circular reduction of the parity-odd part of the effective action of the heterotic string theory at order $$\alpha '$$

α
′

under the Buscher rules is cancelled by some total derivative terms and by some restricted T-duality transformations at order $$\alpha '$$

α
′

. Using the Stokes’ theorem, we then show that the boundary terms in the base space corresponding to the total derivative terms are exactly cancelled by transformation of the circular reduction of the Gibbons–Hawking boundary term under the above restricted T-duality transformations. These calculations confirm the above proposal for the data on the boundary for the effective actions at order $$\alpha '$$

α
′

.
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of various termite species distributed across southern Haryana, India
Authors: Bhanupriya  , Mukherjee Shubhankar , Kakkar Nidhi , Gupta Sanjeev K. 
Published: June 2023

Termites are highly abundant and vital insects that directly and indirectly influence local soils. The present study investigated the morphological and molecular phylogenetics of termite species collected from study fields in southern Haryana, India, from 2020 to 2021. Samples were subjected to integrated systematic analyses, taking into account the mandible features of soldiers for morphological systematics and 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny for molecular systematics. Based on the external phenotype and relations to reference sequences in NCBI GenBank, 21 species were identified; these included five species each from Odontotermes and Microcerotermes, four species from Coptotermes, two species each from Microtermes and Eremotermes, and one species each from Amitermes, Angulitermes, and Neotermes. 16S rRNA gene sequences were utilized to construct phylogenetic trees to explore the relatedness among identified species. The results of the different molecular phylogenetic approaches including maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining revealed nearly identical topological relations between the species and grouping of individuals in relation to their genera. The maximum parsimony tree based on mandible features has been found to be effective in clustering multiple species of a given genus in a clade in at least three termite genera.
Characterization of Individuals With Apparent Resistant Hypertension Using Contemporary Guidelines: Insights From CV-QUIC
Authors: Ebinger Joseph E. , Gluckman Ty J. , Magraner Jose , Chiu Shih Ting , Rider Deanna , Thomas Chelsey , Das Sandeep R. , Ho P. Michael , Shreenivas Satya , Bradley Steven 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Apparent resistant hypertension (aRH) carries excess cardiovascular risk beyond nonresistant forms of hypertension; however, our understanding of this at-risk population, as defined by current US practice guidelines, is limited. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and pharmacotherapeutic patterns of patients with aRH using contemporary blood pressure guidance.

METHODS:
We classified patients at 3 large healthcare systems by hypertensive status using contemporary hypertension guidelines. We subsequently described the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with aRH and compared these factors among hypertensive patients without aRH and between those with controlled and uncontrolled aRH.

RESULTS:
A total of 2 420 468 patients were analyzed, of whom 1 343 489 (55.6%) were hypertensive according to contemporary guidelines. Among hypertensive patients, 11 992 (8.5%) met criteria for aRH, with nearly all assessed comorbid conditions, particularly diabetes and heart failure, being more common in those with aRH. When compared with patients with uncontrolled aRH, those with controlled aRH were more frequently prescribed a beta-blocker, diuretic, and nitrate, with the largest standardized difference observed for a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (35.4% versus 10.4%, Cohen D 0.62). Consistent findings were noted in sensitivity analyses using the blood pressure threshold of 140/90 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS:
In an analysis of over 2.4 million individuals, a lower prevalence of aRH was observed than previously reported (12%–15%), but with a high burden of comorbidities. Identification of differences in pharmacotherapy between patients with controlled and uncontrolled aRH, particularly lower rates of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use, help define potential opportunities to improve care and lower cardiovascular risk.
Clinical and Genetic Atrial Fibrillation Risk and Discrimination of Cardioembolic From Noncardioembolic Stroke
Authors: Weng Lu-Chen , Khurshid Shaan , Gunn Sophia , Trinquart Ludovic , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Xu Huichun ,   NINDS Stroke Genetics Network*, Benjamin Emelia J. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Anderson Christopher D. , Lubitz Steven A. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of stroke but may not be detectable at the time of stroke. We hypothesized that an AF polygenic risk score (PRS) can discriminate between cardioembolic stroke and noncardioembolic strokes.

METHODS:

We evaluated AF and stroke risk in 26 145 individuals of European descent from the Stroke Genetics Network case-control study. AF genetic risk was estimated using 3 recently developed PRS methods (LDpred-funct-inf, sBayesR, and PRS-CS) and 2 previously validated PRSs. We performed logistic regression of each AF PRS on AF status and separately cardioembolic stroke, adjusting for clinical risk score (CRS), imputation group, and principal components. We calculated model discrimination of AF and cardioembolic stroke using the concordance statistic (c-statistic) and compared c-statistics using 2000-iteration bootstrapping. We also assessed reclassification of cardioembolic stroke with the addition of PRS to either CRS or a modified CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score alone.

RESULTS:

Each AF PRS was significantly associated with AF and with cardioembolic stroke after adjustment for CRS. Addition of each AF PRS significantly improved discrimination as compared with CRS alone (
P
<0.01). When combined with the CRS, both PRS-CS and LDpred scores discriminated both AF and cardioembolic stroke (c-statistic 0.84 for AF; 0.74 for cardioembolic stroke) better than 3 other PRS scores (
P
<0.01). Using PRS-CS PRS and CRS in combination resulted in more appropriate reclassification of stroke events as compared with CRS alone (event reclassification [net reclassification indices]
+
=14% [95% CI, 10%–18%]; nonevent reclassification [net reclassification indices]
−
=17% [95% CI, 15%–0.19%]) or the modified CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score (net reclassification indices
+
=11% [95% CI, 7%–15%]; net reclassification indices
−
=14% [95% CI, 12%–16%]) alone.

CONCLUSIONS:
Addition of polygenic risk of AF to clinical risk factors modestly improves the discrimination of cardioembolic from noncardioembolic strokes, as well as reclassification of stroke subtype. Polygenic risk of AF may be a useful biomarker for identifying strokes caused by AF.
Market Masquerades? Corporate Climate Initiative Effects on Firm-Level Climate Performance
Authors: Coen David , Herman Kyle S. , Pegram Tom 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Climate performance in publicly traded companies has become an important focus for climate action. Non–state actor–led initiatives have emerged as influential governors in this arena, intended to plug gaps in public climate change regulation. This article addresses the key question, are such non–state led climate initiatives exerting a positive influence on corporate climate performance? To answer this question, we empirically evaluate the effects of eighteen such climate initiatives on corporate climate performance, distinguishing between “internal” and “external” initiatives. Based on an original data set of corporate climate initiatives that prioritize climate performance in the private sector, we find that each additional climate initiative has little to no impact on climate performance, modeled as scope 1 direct emissions, but does exert a positive influence on scope 2 indirect emissions. Our findings have implications for the trajectory of the private sector’s climate transition, as well as the potential of corporate initiatives to steward effective climate action.
Most (Un)wanted: Explaining Emerging Relationships Between “Invasive Alien” Species and Animal Governance
Authors: Bliss Cebuan , Visseren-Hamakers Ingrid J. , Liefferink Duncan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Invasive alien species (IAS) contribute to biodiversity loss, yet animals deemed invasive are both part of biodiversity and individuals themselves. This poses a challenge for global environmental politics, as governance system goals for biodiversity conservation and animal protection can conflict. Using an integrative governance (IG) framework, we map global and European Union IAS and animal governance instruments and systems, and relationships between them. Relationships are explained by actors’ unequal power dynamics, prioritization of human and environmental health, hegemonic anthropocentric discourses, and trade globalization. These factors encourage valuing certain animals—native and domestic—above others. Relationships between the governance systems have been limited. However, integration is deepening because of the transnational and interlinked nature of biodiversity loss and other issues, such as climate change and biosecurity. Nevertheless, as engagement with nonhuman entities brings new challenges, practicing greater IG could go further than this, as acknowledgment of animals’ interests is lacking in IAS governance.
From “Loss and Damage” to “Losses and Damages”: Orthographies of Climate Change Loss and Damage in the IPCC
Authors: Hartz Friederike 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Political conflict over climate change loss and damage (L&D) has made it difficult for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to engage with the topic in its entirety, especially in the intergovernmentally agreed Summaries for Policymakers (SPMs). The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), however, saw the inclusion of the term “losses and damages” in SPMs for the first time. Drawing on evidence from twenty-eight interviews with IPCC authors, reviewers, and L&D experts as well as an analysis of IPCC materials, this article traces the representation of L&D in the IPCC. I suggest that the clarification of different L&D orthographies (“Loss and Damage,” “loss and damage,” and “losses and damages”) through the IPCC Glossary in 2018 paved the way for L&D wording to be consensually approved in multiple AR6 SPMs. Discussing the implications of orthographic choice, I show how L&D orthographies are appraised differently by individuals, depending on their position in the L&D science–policy discourse. Building on insights from science and technology studies and international relations scholarship, I contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the role of language and spelling in reaching consensus at the climate science–policy interface.
Evidence of Mixed Scaling for Mean Profile Similarity in the Stable Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Heisel Michael , Chamecki Marcelo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A new mixed scaling parameter Z = z/(Lh)1/2 is proposed for similarity in the stable atmospheric surface layer, where z is the height, L is the Obukhov length, and h is the boundary layer depth. In comparison with the parameter ζ = z/L from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), the new parameter Z leads to improved mean profile similarity for wind speed and air temperature in large-eddy simulations. It also yields the same linear similarity relation for CASES-99 field measurements, including in the strongly stable (but still turbulent) regime where large deviations from MOST are observed. Results further suggest that similarity for turbulent energy dissipation rate depends on both Z and ζ. The proposed mixed scaling of Z and relevance of h can be explained by physical arguments related to the limit of z-less stratification that is reached asymptotically above the surface layer. The presented evidence and fitted similarity relations are promising, but the results and arguments are limited to a small sample of idealized stationary stable boundary layers. Corroboration is needed from independent datasets and analyses, including for complex and transient conditions not tested here.
Multiobjective optimization of tribological characteristics of 3D printed texture surfaces for ABS and PLA Polymers
Authors: Mourya Vishal , Bhore Skylab P , Wandale Parag G 
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the 3D-printed textured samples are fabricated using fused deposition modelling (FDM) process for two different polymers such as ABS and PLA. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of printing parameters on the tribological characteristics of 3D-printed textured samples. Here, the four major FDM printing parameters such as layer thickness (LT), nozzle temperature (NT), line width (LW) and printing speed (PS) are considered for the study. Whereas, the tribological characteristics of 3D-printed textured sample such as wear rate and friction coefficient are considered as output responses. The present experimental study is carried out based on the response surface methodology to evaluate the effect of these FDM printing parameters on the tribological characteristics of textured samples. These experimental results show that the line width is the most significant printing parameter followed by layer thickness. Whereas, the printing speed is the third most significant printing parameter. Furthermore, the optimized value of printing parameters for ABS and PLA are evaluated by using grey relational analysis. For the ABS polymer, the optimal value of printing parameters as layer thickness = 0.1 mm, nozzle temperature = 230°C, line width = 0.28 mm and printing speed = 75 mm/s. Whereas, for the PLA, the optimal value of printing parameters are: layer thickness = 0.14 mm, nozzle temperature = 220°C, line width = 0.31 mm, and printing speed = 50 mm/s. In addition, However, the wear rate first decreases with the layer thickness and nozzle temperature and then increases. The wear rate linearly increases with the printing speed.
Revisiting the cruel optimism of racial justice – A response to Fadil, Favell and St Louis
Authors: Meer Nasar 
Published: June 2023

The Cruel Optimism of Racial Justice (2022) adopts neither an unswerving belief in the teleology of justice nor the pessimism that approaches to justice are necessarily incapable of grasping racism. It maintains instead that the accumulated struggle for racial justice invites us to recognise certain starting points, including our organising categories, before tracing seeming success and failure empirically through case studies. In their rigorous and wide-ranging appraisals, Fadil, Favell and St Louis identify a number of possible weaknesses as well as strengths in this approach, and I take the opportunity of this reply to respond to the former.
Intra Nasal Use of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid for Improving Olfactory Dysfunction Post COVID-19
Authors: Abdelazim Mohamed H. , Mandour Zeyad , Abdelazim Ahmed H. , Ismaiel Wael F. , Gamal Mohammed , Abourehab Mohammed A.S. , Alghamdi Saleh , Alghamdi Mohamed A. , Alrugi Rehab R. , Alharthi Rawan R. 
Published: June 2023

Background COVID-19 has been associated with olfactory dysfunction in many infected patients. The rise of calcium levels in the nasal secretions plays an essential role in the olfaction process with a desensitization effect on the olfactory receptor neurons and a negative impact on the olfaction transmission. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent that can bind free calcium in the nasal secretions, thereby reducing the adverse effects of calcium on olfactory function. Objectives The objective of this work is to demonstrate the effect of intranasal EDTA on improving olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19. Methods Fifty patients with a history of COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction that persisted for more than 6 months were enrolled in the current prospective randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized into 2 equal groups. Twenty-five patients were treated with olfactory training only, while the remaining 25 patients received treatment with olfactory training and a topical nasal spray of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. The olfactory function was assessed before treatment and 3 months later using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. Additionally, the determination of calcium level in the nasal secretions was performed using an ion-selective electrode before treatment and 3 months later. Results Eighty-eight percent of the patients treated with olfactory training in addition to EDTA exhibited clinical improvement, while 60% showed improvement in patients treated with olfactory training only. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the measured calcium level in the nasal secretions was demonstrated after the use of ethylene diamine tetra compared to patients treated with olfactory training only. Conclusion Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid may be associated with an improvement of the olfactory function post-COVID-19.
Systematic Literature Review of the Prevalence, Pattern, and Determinant of Multimorbidity Among Older Adults in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Abdulsalam , Khan Hafiz T.A. , Lawal Muili 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Multimorbidity is a rising health issue globally and it is likely to become challenging in developing countries like Nigeria as they experience economic, demographic, and epidemiological transition. Yet, evidence of prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity, and their determinants, are scarce. This study aims to systematically review studies of the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of multimorbidity in Nigeria. Methods Studies were identified by searching 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Africa Index Medicus/Global Index Medicus). Multimorbidity as well as other versions of it was used to search. The prevalence and determinants were also searched. According to preestablished inclusion criteria, and using different search strategies, 6 articles were included. The quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Two researchers assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO Ref no. CRD42021273222. The overall prevalence, pattern, and determinants were analyzed. Results We identified 6 eligible publications describing studies that included a total of 3332 (men 47.5%, women 52.5%) patients from 4 states plus the federal capital territory Abuja. The multimorbidity prevalence ranges from 27% to 74% among elderly Nigerians. Cardiovascular together with metabolic and/or musculoskeletal conditions were the frequent patterns of multimorbidity. A positive association was observed between age and multimorbidity in most studies. Other factors associated with multimorbidity were female gender, low education status, poor monthly income/unemployment, hospitalization, medical visits, and emergency services. Conclusion There has been a growing need for more applied health services research to understand better and manage multimorbidity in developed countries. The scarcity of studies in our review reveals that multimorbidity is not a priority area of research in Nigeria, and this will continue to hinder policy development in that area.
Self-Assessment of Research Skills and Barriers to Research Careers among Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellows
Authors: Scott Meg K. , Goodwin Andrew J. , Nadig Nandita R. , Harvey Jillian B. , Kilb Edward F. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND Recruitment and retention of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) trainees into academic research positions remain difficult. Factors influencing graduates, like salary and personal circumstances, remain unchangeable. However, some program-level factors, like research skill acquisition and mentorship, may be modifiable to encourage matriculation into academic research positions. OBJECTIVE We aim to identify proficiency in research-specific skills in PCCM trainees and barriers to careers as research-focused academic faculty. METHODS We surveyed PCCM fellows in a nationwide cross-sectional analysis including demographics, research intent, research skills self-assessment, and academic career barriers. The Association of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Program Directors approved and disseminated the survey. Data were collected and stored using the REDCap database. Descriptive statistics were used to assess survey items. RESULTS 612 fellows received the primary survey with 112 completing the survey for a response rate of 18.3%. A majority were male (56.2%) and training at university-based medical centers (89.2%). Early fellowship trainees (first-/second-year fellows) comprised 66.9% of respondents with 33.1% being late fellowship trainees (third-/fourth-year fellows). Most early trainees (63.2%) indicated they intended to incorporate research into their careers. A chi-square testing of independence was performed to examine the relationship between training level and perceived proficiency. Significant relationships in perceived proficiency were identified between early and late fellowship trainees with an absolute difference of 25.3% (manuscript writing), 18.7% (grant writing), 21.6% (study design), and 19.5% (quantitative/qualitative methodology). The most prevalent barriers were unfamiliarity with grant writing (59.5%) and research funding uncertainty (56.8%). CONCLUSION With an ongoing need for academic research faculty, this study identifies self-perceived gaps in research skills including grant writing, data analytics, and study conception and design. These skills map to fellow-identified barriers to careers in academics. Mentorship and innovative curriculum focusing on the development of key research skills may enhance academic research faculty recruitment.