bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures and detection prospects for sub-GeV dark matter with superfluid helium
Authors: You Yining , Smolinsky Jordan , Xue Wei , Matchev Konstantin , Saab Tarek , Gunther Keegan , Lee Yoonseok 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe explore the possibility of using superfluid helium for direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter (DM). We discuss the relevant phenomenology resulting from the scattering of an incident dark matter particle on a Helium nucleus. Rather than directly exciting quasi-particles, DM in this mass range will interact with a single He atom, triggering an atomic cascade which eventually also includes emission and thermalization of quasi-particles. We present in detail the analytical framework needed for modeling these processes and determining the resulting flux of quasi-particles. We propose a novel method for detecting this flux with modern force-sensitive devices, such as nanoelectro-mechanical system (NEMS) oscillators, and derive the sensitivity projections for a generic sub-GeV DM detection experiment using such sensors.
Toric 2-group anomalies via cobordism
Authors: Davighi Joe , Lohitsiri Nakarin , Debray Arun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
2-group symmetries arise in physics when a 0-form symmetry G[0] and a 1-form symmetry H[1] intertwine, forming a generalised group-like structure. Specialising to the case where both G[0] and H[1] are compact, connected, abelian groups (i.e. tori), we analyse anomalies in such ‘toric 2-group symmetries’ using the cobordism classification. As a warm up example, we use cobordism to study various ’t Hooft anomalies (and the phases to which they are dual) in Maxwell theory defined on non-spin manifolds. For our main example, we compute the 5th spin bordism group of B|𝔾| where 𝔾 is any 2-group whose 0-form and 1-form symmetry parts are both U(1), and |𝔾| is the geometric realisation of the nerve of the 2-group 𝔾. By leveraging a variety of algebraic methods, we show that $$ {\varOmega}_5^{\textrm{Spin}}\left(B\left|\mathbbm{G}\right|\right)\cong \mathbb{Z}/m $$

Ω
5
Spin

B

G

≅
ℤ
/
m
where m is the modulus of the Postnikov class for 𝔾, and we reproduce the expected physics result for anomalies in 2-group symmetries that appear in 4d QED. Moving down two dimensions, we recap that any (anomalous) U(1) global symmetry in 2d can be enhanced to a toric 2-group symmetry, before showing that its associated local anomaly reduces to at most an order 2 anomaly, when the theory is defined with a spin structure.
The O(N)-flavoured replica twist defect
Authors: Rousu Alexander Söderberg 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Replica twist defects are of codimension two and enter in quantum information when finding the Rényi entropy. In particular, they generate n replicas of the bulk conformal field theory. We study the monodromy of such defect and learn how a global O(N)-symmetry is broken. By applying the equation of motion to the bulk-defect operator-product expansion we are able to extract the anomalous dimension of defect-local fields.All of the results in this paper was first presented in my thesis [1], and they generalize previous results on an O(N)-flavoured monodromy twist defect.
Investigation of Groundwater Occurrences Along the Nile Valley Between South Cairo and Beni Suef, Egypt, Using Geophysical and Geodetic Techniques
Authors: Mansour Khamis , Gomaa M. , Taha Ayman I. , Radwan Ali M. , Emam A. El , Rashwan Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater is becoming one of the most critical strategic challenges for any country. Egypt has numerous water resources, the most notable being the Nile River. Egypt must seek alternative resources because the development of an Ethiopian dam has reduced the Nile's water flow. Underground water is a source of available water. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the variables governing the flow of subsurface water in Egypt. The primary objective of this study is to examine the hydrological water flow along the Nile Valley between southern Cairo and Beni Suef, Egypt. Applying integrated geophysical and geodetic methods can improve our understanding of the hydrological regime. Fault and stress regimes have a direct effect on underground water flow. Aeromagnetic data were used to determine the main faults in the study area, and four geoelectrical long profiles were measured crossing the Nile Valley. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements observed along geodetic points covered the study area. The magnetic results show that two faults hit the area, both of which have a pronounced magnetic pattern in the ENE–WSW direction, and two faults in the NW–SE direction. For the geoelectrical results, we observed that the second geoelectrical unit represents the main groundwater aquifer in this region, and it is regulated in the NW–SE direction. The obtained GNSS results demonstrate that compression forces in the south and north influence the hydrological system in the Nile Valley. Faults detected from geological maps and magnetic observations are also influenced by compression forces from the north and south, while the middle section displays tension forces. This geodynamic regime causes the water to flow toward the Nile Valley in the Southwestern of the study regions, whereas water flows outside the Nile Valley in the northeastern part.
Surface smoothing of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy by combination of grit blasting and large-area electron beam irradiation
Authors: Shinonaga Togo , Kobayashi Hiroya , Okada Akira , Tsuji Toshiya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdditively manufactured (AMed) titanium products are typically produced by electron beam melting (EBM), since oxidation of titanium alloy surface can be suppressed in vacuum environment. The surface roughness of AMed titanium products becomes more than 200 µm Rz, and the very rough surface would lead to reduction in fatigue strength. Therefore, a post surface finishing process is required. Abrasive blasting is one of the common surface smoothing processes of AMed metal products. Large surface roughness can be decreased, and compressive residual stress can be introduced to the surface. However, there is a limitation to reduction of surface roughness to several µm Rz. On the other hand, it was recently found that AMed metal surface produced by powder bed fusion with laser beam could be smoothed by large-area electron beam (LEB) irradiation. However, it is difficult to smooth surface with large initial surface roughness, and a tensile residual stress may be generated on the surface. In this study, surface smoothing and change in residual stress of AMed titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4 V) were proposed by combination of grit blasting and LEB irradiation. Surface roughness of AMed Ti-6Al-4 V alloy significantly decreases from 265 to about 2.0 µm Rz by combination of grit blasting and LEB irradiation. Reduction rate of surface roughness by LEB irradiation linearly increases with decreasing mean width of blasted surface. Influence of the mean width on smoothing effect by LEB irradiation can be explained by thermo-fluid analysis. Moreover, tensile residual stress caused by LEB irradiation can be reduced when LEB is irradiated to blasted surface.
Asymmetric majority pillage games
Authors: Kerber Manfred , Rowat Colin , Yoshihara Naoki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study pillage games (Jordan in J Econ Theory 131(1):26–44, 2006), which model unstructured power contests. To enable empirical tests of pillage game theory, we relax a symmetry assumption that agents’ intrinsic contributions to a coalition’s power is identical. We characterise the core for all n. In the three-agent game: (i) only eight configurations are possible for the core, which contains at most six allocations; (ii) for each core configuration, the stable set is either unique or fails to exist; (iii) the linear power function creates a tension between a stable set’s existence and the interiority of its allocations, so that only special cases contain strictly interior allocations. Our analysis suggests that non-linear power functions may offer better empirical tests of pillage game theory.
Biopharmaceutical applications of Opuntia ficus-indica: bibliometric map, bioactivities and extraction techniques
Authors: Guedes Beatriz N. , Fathi Faezeh , Silva Amélia M. , Santini Antonello , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Souto Eliana B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOpuntia ficus-indica(OFI), widely recognized as prickly pear, is a native species from Mexico, being also widely distributed in many other geographical regions worldwide. OFI is a plant with numerous beneficial properties, provide that it is a source of dietary fibres, vitamins and many other bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and antimicrobial properties. Various parts of this plant including the fruit pulp and peel, cladode, and seeds are scientifically proven to have therapeutic potentials and are safe for human use. The bibliometric map of the works published since 2020 dealing with all aspects of OFI in the field of pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics was generated, depicting the network of publications covering its ethnopharmacology, pharmacological properties, besides the extensive chemical characterization of the extracts, human and non-human uses, in vitro and in vivo studies, besides in silico tools. In this work, we review the scientific literature on the qualitative nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of prickly pear and its constituents, as well as its main biological activities and applications, also summarizing examples of extraction techniques commonly applied to different parts of the plant.
Topology optimization of a benchmark artifact with target stress states using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Mauersberger Michael , Hauffe Andreas , Hähnel Falk , Dexl Florian , Markmiller Johannes F. C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing enables extended freedom in designing structural components. In order to reduce manufacturing costs, the product quality has to be assessed early in the process. This can be done by benchmark artifacts which represent critical quality measures of the part in production. As yet there is no integral approach to design a benchmark artifact that characterizes the quality of additively manufactured components based on structural properties. As a first investigation, this study introduces a method to optimize the topology of a benchmark artifact that represents pre-defined critical stresses. In this way, structural properties of an additively manufactured part can be efficiently characterized. The approach includes a basic example with trivial target stresses for which a reference solution is a priori known. Non-trivial target stresses were investigated to present structural solutions close to application. Evolutionary optimization algorithms were used for solving the multi-objective formulation of the problem. An appropriate formulation of the optimization problem was identified to generate plausible solutions robustly. It included additional constraints to the variation of stresses in the neighborhood of the pre-defined stresses as well as a scaling factor of all element densities. A comparative optimization with gradient methods exhibited solutions inferior to the proposed approach.
Centromeric and pericentric transcription and transcripts: their intricate relationships, regulation, and functions
Authors: Zhu Jing , Guo Qiao , Choi Minjun , Liang Zhoubin , Yuen Karen Wing Yee 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCentromeres are no longer considered to be silent. Both centromeric and pericentric transcription have been discovered, and their RNA transcripts have been characterized and probed for functions in numerous monocentric model organisms recently. Here, we will discuss the challenges in centromere transcription studies due to the repetitive nature and sequence similarity in centromeric and pericentric regions. Various technological breakthroughs have helped to tackle these challenges and reveal unique features of the centromeres and pericentromeres. We will briefly introduce these techniques, including third-generation long-read DNA and RNA sequencing, protein-DNA and RNA–DNA interaction detection methods, and epigenomic and nucleosomal mapping techniques. Interestingly, some newly analyzed repeat-based holocentromeres also resemble the architecture and the transcription behavior of monocentromeres. We will summarize evidences that support the functions of the transcription process and stalling, and those that support the functions of the centromeric and pericentric RNAs. The processing of centromeric and pericentric RNAs into multiple variants and their diverse structures may also provide clues to their functions. How future studies may address the separation of functions of specific centromeric transcription steps, processing pathways, and the transcripts themselves will also be discussed.
The value of intraoperative dynamic liver function test ICG in predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing staged hepatectomy: a pilot study
Authors: Horisberger Karoline , Rössler Fabian , Oberkofler Christian E. , Raptis Dimitri , Petrowsky Henrik , Clavien Pierre-Alain 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the predictive value of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) test in patients undergoing staged hepatectomy.

Methods
We analyzed intraoperative ICG measurements of future liver remnant (FLR), preoperative ICG, volumetry, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 15 patients undergoing associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS). Main endpoints were the correlation of intraoperative ICG values to postoperative complications (Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®)) at discharge and 90 days after surgery, and to postoperative liver function.

Results
Median intraoperative R15 (ICG retention rate at 15 min) correlated significantly with CCI® at discharge (p = 0.05) and with CCI® at 90 days (p = 0.0036). Preoperative ICG, volumetry, and scintigraphy did not correlate to postoperative outcome. ROC curve analysis revealed a cutoff value of 11.4 for the intraoperative R15 to predict major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III) with 100% sensitivity and 63% specificity. No patient with R15 ≤ 11 developed major complications.

Conclusion
This pilot study suggests that intraoperative ICG clearance determines the functional capacity of the future liver remnant more accurately than preoperative tests. This may further reduce the number of postoperative liver failures, even if it means intraoperative abortion of hepatectomy in individual cases.
How does it feel? Passage of time judgments in speeded RT performance
Authors: Bratzke Daniel , Hansen Arne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe relationship between duration perception and the feeling of time passing (passage of time) is not yet understood. In the present study, we assessed introspective reaction times (RT) and passage of time judgments in a speeded RT task. Task difficulty was manipulated in a numerical comparison task by numerical distance (distance from the number 45) and notation (digit vs. word). The results showed that both effects were reflected in introspective RTs, replicating previous results. Moreover, passage of time judgments showed a very similar pattern, with slower passage of time for more difficult comparisons. These results suggest that in the millisecond range judgments of duration and passage of time largely mirror each other when participants introspect about their own RT performance.
Position paper of the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), and the Italian Study Group of Diabetes in pregnancy: Metformin use in pregnancy
Authors: Sciacca Laura , Bianchi Cristina , Burlina Silvia , Formoso Gloria , Manicardi Elisa , Sculli Maria Angela , Resi Veronica 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
This document purpose is to create an evidence-based position statement on the role of metformin therapy in pregnancy complicated by obesity, gestational diabetes (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Methods
A comprehensive review of international diabetes guidelines and a search of medical literature was performed to identify studies presenting data on the use of metformin in pregnancy. The document was approved by the councils of the two scientific societies.

Results
In condition affecting the fertility, as PCOS, metformin use in pre-conception or early in pregnancy may be beneficial for clinical pregnancy, even in ART treatment, and in obese-PCOS women may reduce preterm delivery. In obese women, even in the presence of GDM or T2DM, metformin use in pregnancy is associated with a lower gestational weight gain. In pregnancy complicated by diabetes (GDM or T2DM), metformin improves maternal glycemic control and may reduce insulin dose. Neonatal and infant outcomes related to metformin exposure in utero are lacking. Metformin use in women with GDM or T2DM is associated with lower birth weight. However, an increased tendency to overweight–obesity has been observed in children, later in life.

Conclusions
Metformin may represent a therapeutic option in selected women with obesity, PCOS, GDM, T2DM, and in women undergoing ART. However, more research is required specifically on the long-term effects of in utero exposition to metformin.
Variability of sampling adjustment factors for extreme rainfall in Germany
Authors: Pöschmann Judith , Kronenberg Rico , Bernhofer Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe sampling adjustment factor (SAF) can correct the underestimation of fixed time interval maxima (F-Maxima) relative to maxima of moving time windows (M-Maxima) as a direct consequence of temporal discretization of time series. Radar data can help to understand the significance of using moving window aggregation rather than fixed window. Here, we investigate SAFs for two gridded radar quantitative precipitation estimates from the German Meteorological Service (RADKLIM-RW and RADKLIM-YW, DWD 2018) with different temporal resolutions (5 min and hourly) and a spatial resolution of 1 km $$\times $$
×
1 km from 2001 to 2016. For each grid cell’s time series within Germany, the overall maximum intensities per chosen duration were derived with (1) moving and (2) fixed window aggregation. Correction factors (SAF) from fixed to moving window were retrieved. The findings of this study partly match previous findings, more for the 5-min product than for the hourly product. No clear dependency on topography or season could be derived from the analysis. It showed that high SAF are usually related to high(er) actual rainfall values. The study emphasises the probabilistic nature of the rainfall maxima correction and shows that it is important to not only consider average SAFs, but also take an in-depth look at the distribution when correcting maxima. As a consequence, design precipitation as used, e.g., in context of flash or urban floods could profit from spatially adjusted or uniform scaling, depending on the characteristics found in the spatial distribution of the SAFs.
Rhizosphere frame system enables nondestructive live-imaging of legume-rhizobium interactions in the soil
Authors: Nishida Hanna , Shimoda Yoshikazu , Win Khin Thuzar , Imaizumi-Anraku Haruko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost plants interact with various soil microorganisms as they grow through the soil. Root nodule symbiosis by legumes and rhizobia is a well-known phenomenon of plant–microbe interactions in the soil. Although microscopic observations are useful for understanding the infection processes of rhizobia, nondestructive observation methods have not been established for monitoring interactions between rhizobia and soil-grown roots. In this study, we constructed Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens strains that constitutively express different fluorescent proteins, which allows identification of tagged rhizobia by the type of fluorophores. In addition, we constructed a plant cultivation device, Rhizosphere Frame (RhizoFrame), which is a soil-filled container made of transparent acrylic plates that allows observation of roots growing along the acrylic plates. Combining fluorescent rhizobia with RhizoFrame, we established a live imaging system, RhizoFrame system, that enabled us to track the nodulation processes with fluorescence stereomicroscope while retaining spatial information about roots, rhizobia, and soil. Mixed inoculation with different fluorescent rhizobia using RhizoFrame enabled the visualization of mixed infection of a single nodule with two strains. In addition, observation of transgenic Lotus japonicus expressing auxin-responsive reporter genes indicated that RhizoFrame system could be used for a real-time and nondestructive reporter assay. Thus, the use of RhizoFrame system is expected to enhance the study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant–microbe interactions in the soil.
A shift in the paradigm? A male-specific lactone increases the response of both sexes of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae to the food lure ammonium bicarbonate
Authors: López Sergio , Acín Patricia , Gómez-Zubiaur Alberto , Corbella-Martorell Clàudia , Quero Carmen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest species of wild and cultivated olive trees worldwide. Contrarily to most tephritid flies, in which males release the sex pheromone, in B. oleae the female is the sex responsible of attracting the opposite sex. However, and even though vast research has been done during the last decades, we are still far from understanding the chemical signals involved in the sexual communication of this species, including those produced by males. Here, we report for the first time the presence of two male-specific volatile compounds, namely γ-hexalactone and δ-hexalactone, with the former exerting a significant attraction upon both sexes under laboratory and field conditions. Volatile collections conducted on laboratory-reared virgin individuals of both sexes revealed the presence of these two compounds only in males, regardless of their age. In double-choice behavioral assays, γ-hexalactone resulted to be attractive for virgin males and females (7–14 days old), with no attractiveness reported for δ-hexalactone. Finally, in field assays traps baited with the binary blend of ammonium bicarbonate and γ-hexalactone yielded significantly more catches per week of both sexes than those baited with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate plus 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, the major sex pheromone component. Altogether, our results shed light on the chemical ecology of the species and represent a promising experimental basis for the development of more innovative and effective mass trapping tools based on the use of γ-hexalactone.