bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediagnosis Smoking Cessation and Overall Survival Among Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Xinan , Romero-Gutierrez Christopher W. , Kothari Jui , Shafer Andrea , Li Yi , Christiani David C. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death globally; non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases, and cigarette smoking is the factor most significantly associated with its risk. However, little is known about the association of years since prediagnosis smoking cessation and cumulative smoking with overall survival (OS) following a lung cancer diagnosis.ObjectiveTo characterize the association of years since smoking cessation before diagnosis and cumulative smoking pack-years with OS in patients with NSCLC in a lung cancer survivor cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe cohort study involved patients with NSCLC who were recruited to the Boston Lung Cancer Survival Cohort at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, Massachusetts) between 1992 and 2022. Patients’ smoking history and baseline clinicopathological characteristics were prospectively collected through questionnaires, and OS following lung cancer diagnosis was regularly updated.ExposuresDuration of smoking cessation before a lung cancer diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the association of detailed smoking history with OS following a lung cancer diagnosis.ResultsOf 5594 patients with NSCLC (mean [SD] age, 65.6 [10.8] years; 2987 men [53.4%]), 795 (14.2%) were never smokers, 3308 (59.1%) were former smokers, and 1491 (26.7%) were current smokers. Cox regression analysis suggested that former smokers had 26% higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.40; P &amp;lt; .001) and current smokers had 68% higher mortality (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.50-1.89; P &amp;lt; .001) compared with never smokers. Log2-transformed years since smoking cessation before diagnosis were associated with significantly lower mortality among ever smokers (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = .003). Subgroup analysis, stratified by clinical stage at diagnosis, revealed that former and current smokers had even shorter OS among patients with early-stage disease.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with NSCLC, quitting smoking early was associated with lower mortality following a lung cancer diagnosis, and the association of smoking history with OS may have varied depending on clinical stage at diagnosis, potentially owing to the differing treatment regimens and efficacy associated with smoking exposure following diagnosis. Detailed smoking history collection should be incorporated into future epidemiological and clinical studies to improve lung cancer prognosis and treatment selection.
Light‐Regulated Pro‐Angiogenic Engineered Living Materials
Authors: Dhakane Priyanka , Tadimarri Varun Sai , Sankaran Shrikrishnan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegenerative medicine aims to restore damaged cells, tissues, and organs, for which growth factors are vital to stimulate regenerative cellular transformations. Major advances have been made in growth factor engineering and delivery like the development of robust peptidomimetics and controlled release matrices. However, their clinical applicability remains limited due to their poor stability in the body and need for careful regulation of their local concentration to avoid unwanted side‐effects. In this study, a strategy to overcome these limitations is explored using engineered living materials (ELMs), which contain live microorganisms that can be programmed with stimuli‐responsive functionalities. Specifically, the development of an ELM that releases a pro‐angiogenic protein in a light‐regulated manner is described. This is achieved by optogenetically engineering bacteria to synthesize and secrete a vascular endothelial growth factor peptidomimetic (QK) linked to a collagen‐binding domain. The bacteria are securely encapsulated in bilayer hydrogel constructs that support bacterial functionality but prevent their escape from the ELM. In situ control over the release profiles of the pro‐angiogenic protein using light is demonstrated. Finally, it is shown that the released protein is able to bind collagen and promote angiogenic network formation among vascular endothelial cells, indicating the regenerative potential of these ELMs.
Ionic Dye Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photothermal Water Evaporation
Authors: Li Guoqing , Yue Qihong , Fu Ping , Wang Ke , Zhou Yu , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConversion of solar energy into heat for water evaporation is of great significance to provide clean and sustainable technology for water purification by using inexhaustible sunlight. In this field, one of the challenges comes from the design of high‐performance photothermal materials powerful in light harvesting, light‐to‐heat conversion, and water activation. Herein, it is demonstrated that rationalization of the ionic covalent organic framework (iCOF) can simultaneously satisfy these multiple requirements and a new iCOF STTP is constructed through the Schiff base chemistry in a rapid microwave‐assisted solvothermal route by using a hydrophilic dye molecule safranineT as the ionic building block. The integrated dye‐related ionic moieties greatly strengthen the light absorbance (>97%) throughout the entire solar spectrum from UV–vis to the infrared region. The framework ionic moieties provide strong polarization to reduce the exciton dissociation energy for enhanced photothermal effect, and in addition, promote sufficient water activation to decrease the water evaporation enthalpy. As an outcome, the STTP driven solar water evaporator affords a fast water evaporation rate of 3.55 kg h−1 m−2 and high solar‐to‐vapor efficiency of 95.8%. This study highlights the potential of designing iCOF materials for photothermal applications.
Nanoscale Surface Analysis Reveals Origins of Enhanced Interface Passivation in RbF Post Deposition Treated CIGSe Solar Cells
Authors: Boumenou Christian Kameni , Phirke Himanshu , Rommelfangen Jonathan , Audinot Jean‐Nicolas , Nishiwaki Shiro , Wirtz Tom , Carron Romain , Redinger Alex 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlkali post deposition treatments (PDTs) of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers have boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell devices in the last years. A detailed model explaining how the PDTs impact the optoelectronic properties at the nanoscale is still lacking. Here, via various scanning probe techniques, X‐Ray photo‐electron spectroscopy and high resolution secondary ion mass spectroscopy it is shown that the RbF PDT treatments lead to a one to one exchange of Rb with Cu at the surface. This exchange takes place in the naturally occurring Cu‐depleted CIGSe surface, known as the ordered vacancy compound. A detailed comparison between samples with different PDTs after various cleaning procedures furthermore highlights the necessity to perform all the measurements on NH4OH cleaning surfaces only. After NH4OH, no RbInSe2 phase could be detected at the surface anymore and the surface bandgap, as measured with scanning tunneling spectroscopy is only 1.7 eV. The findings demonstrate that the existence of a RbInSe2 phase is most likely not responsible for the recent improvements in power conversion efficiency for state of the art solar cells. The primary effect of the PDT treatment is a modification of the ordered vacancy compound, where Cu is exchanged with Rb.
DPA‐Zinc around Polyplexes Acts Like PEG to Reduce Protein Binding While Targeting Cancer Cells
Authors: Nie Xuan , You Wei , Zhang Ze , Gao Fan , Zhou Xiao‐Hong , Wang Hai‐Li , Wang Long‐Hai , Chen Guang , Wang Chang‐Hui , Hong Chun‐Yan , Shao Qi , Wang Fei , Xia Lei , Li Yang , You Ye‐Zi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGene therapy holds great promise as an effective treatment for many diseases of genetic origin. Gene therapy works by employing cationic polymers, liposomes, and nanoparticles to condense DNA into polyplexes via electronic interactions. Then, a therapeutic gene is introduced into target cells, thereby restoring or changing cellular function. However, gene transfection efficiency remains low in vivo due to high protein binding, poor targeting ability, and substantial endosomal entrapment. Artificial sheaths containing PEG, anions, or zwitterions can be introduced onto the surface of gene carriers to prevent interaction with proteins; however, they reduce the cellular uptake efficacy, endosomal escape, targeting ability, thereby, lowering gene transfection. Here, it is reported that linking dipicolylamine‐zinc (DPA‐Zn) ions onto polyplex nanoparticles can produce a strong hydration water layer around the polyplex, mimicking the function of PEGylation to reduce protein binding while targeting cancer cells, augmenting cellular uptake and endosomal escape. The polyplexes with a strong hydration water layer on the surface can achieve a high gene transfection even in a 50% serum environment. This strategy provides a new solution for preventing protein adsorption while improving cellular uptake and endosomal escape.
3D Printing of Collagen Scaffold with Enhanced Resolution in a Citrate‐Modulated Gellan Gum Microgel Bath
Authors: Xie Zheng‐Tian , Zeng Jinfeng , Kang Dong‐Hee , Saito Shigeyoshi , Miyagawa Shigeru , Sawa Yoshiki , Matsusaki Michiya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract3D printing in a microgel‐based supporting bath enables the construction of complex structures with soft and watery biomaterials but the low print resolution is usually an obstacle to its practical application in tissue engineering. Herein, high‐resolution printing of a 3D collagen organ scaffold is realized by using an engineered Gellan gum (GG) microgel bath containing trisodium citrate (TSC). The introduction of TSC into the bath system not only mitigates the aggregation of GG microgels, leading to a more homogeneous bath morphology but also suppresses the diffusion of the collagen ink in the bath due to the dehydration effect of TSC, both of which contribute to the improvement of print resolution. 3D collagen organ structures such as hand, ear, and heart are successfully constructed with high shape fidelity in the developed bath. After printing, the GG and TSC can be easily removed by washing with water, and the obtained collagen product exhibits good cell affinity in a tissue scaffold application. This work offers an easy‐to‐operate strategy for developing a microgel bath for high‐resolution printing of collagen, providing an alternative path to in vitro 3D organ construction.
Flexible Electrodes for Brain–Computer Interface System
Authors: Wang Junjie , Wang Tengjiao , Liu Haoyan , Wang Kun , Moses Kumi , Feng Zhuoya , Li Peng , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBrain–computer interface (BCI) has been the subject of extensive research recently. Governments and companies have substantially invested in relevant research and applications. The restoration of communication and motor function, the treatment of psychological disorders, gaming, and other daily and therapeutic applications all benefit from BCI. The electrodes hold the key to the essential, fundamental BCI precondition of electrical brain activity detection and delivery. However, the traditional rigid electrodes are limited due to their mismatch in Young's modulus, potential damages to the human body, and a decline in signal quality with time. These factors make the development of flexible electrodes vital and urgent. Flexible electrodes made of soft materials have grown in popularity in recent years as an alternative to conventional rigid electrodes because they offer greater conformance, the potential for higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) signals, and a wider range of applications. Therefore, the latest classifications and future developmental directions of fabricating these flexible electrodes are explored in this paper to further encourage the speedy advent of flexible electrodes for BCI. In summary, the perspectives and future outlook for this developing discipline are provided.
Porosity as a Design Element for Developing Catalytic Molecular Materials for Electrochemical and Photochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: De La Torre Patricia , An Lun , Chang Christopher J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using sustainable energy inputs is a promising strategy for upcycling of atmospheric carbon into value‐added chemical products. This goal has inspired the development of catalysts for selective and efficient CO2 conversion using electrochemical and photochemical methods. Among the diverse array of catalyst systems designed for this purpose, 2D and 3D platforms that feature porosity offer the potential to combine carbon capture and conversion. Included are covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porous molecular cages, and other hybrid molecular materials developed to increase active site exposure, stability, and water compatibility while maintaining precise molecular tunability. This mini‐review showcases catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) that incorporate well‐defined molecular elements integrated into porous materials structures. Selected examples provide insights into how different approaches to this overall design strategy can augment their electrocatalytic and/or photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity.
A Pathomimetic Colorectal Tumor‐on‐a‐Chip for In Vitro Reconstitution of the Primary Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Zhangcai , Yu Ziming , Dong Jianpei , Yang Deyu , Li Juanhua , He Zhen , Zhou Jianhua , Huang Lu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of an in vitro colorectal cancer (CRC) model that reconstructs the physiopathological microenvironment of human colorectal cancer shows great potential in accelerating the study of CRC mechanisms and the development of anti‐CRC drugs. To this end, a pathomimetic colorectal tumor‐on‐a‐chip (CRT‐chip) that can effectively recapitulate the in vivo dynamic physiology and pathology of primary CRC is proposed. It not only allows controllable seeding and cultivation of CRC cells to emulate the site‐specific occurrence of primary CRC, but also provides continuous low‐speed flows and peristalsis‐like deformation on colorectum epithelium to simulate the fluid shearing and peristalsis in human colorectum. Moreover, a channel that transports nutrients to CRC cells is designed specifically to mimic the function of tumor vessels. Based on the pathomimetic CRT‐chip, the therapeutic effect of a photothermal anticancer drug was tested and quantified, exhibiting its great potentials in in vitro evaluation of anti‐CRC drugs.
Catching Single Molecules with Plasmonic InGaN Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhao Fang Yin , Nguyen Thi Anh Nguyet , Tsai Chia‐Wei , Chu Che‐Men , Woon Wei‐Yen , Wu Chien‐Ting , Lin Kun‐Lin , Huang Yo‐Song , Wang Chih‐Ming , Chien Fan‐Ching , Lai Kun‐Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingle molecules are elusive and often produce misleading signals. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is one of the few techniques capable of verifying the presence of single molecules. To achieve the goal, the bianalyte proof is favored by researchers as it relies on the statistical analysis of thousands of spectra, rather than the fluctuating signals observed at limited spots. Since the hotspot of SERS is extremely small (<10 nm), less than 1% of the adsorbed molecules can deliver boosted Raman intensities, making the capture of single molecules a rare event. Here, the proof with single‐molecule signals covering 89.6% of the scanned spots is presented. This is achieved by plasmonically coupling subsurface InGaN quantum dots (QDs) to every Au nanoparticle on the SERS substrate. The QD‐Au complexes extend the plasmonic fields far away from the metallic nanojunction, redefining the bianalyte rule for single‐molecule detection.
Atomically Thin Gallium Nitride for High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Jain Shubhendra Kumar , Syed Nitu , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Abbas Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Low Mei Xian , Lobo Charlene , Zavabeti Ali , Murdoch Billy J. , Gupta Govind , Bhaskaran Madhu , Crozier Kenneth B. , Russo Salvy P. , Daeneke Torben , Walia Sumeet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGallium nitride (GaN) technology has matured and commercialised for optoelectronic devices in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum over the last few decades. Simultaneously, atomically thin materials with unique features have emerged as contenders for device miniaturization. However, the lack of successful techniques to produce ultra‐thin GaN prevents access to these new predicted properties. Here, this important gap is addressed by printing millimeter‐large ultra‐thin GaN nanosheets (NS) (≈1.4 nm) using a simple two‐step process that simultaneously introduces nitrogen point defects. This extends the photoelectrical spectral response from UV (280 nm) to near infrared (NIR) (1080 nm). The GaN‐based photodetectors display excellent figures of merit, having a responsivity (2.72 × 104 A W−1) up to four orders of magnitude higher than the commercial photodetectors at room temperature, despite being 102–103 times thinner. The photodetectors exhibit fast switching, with rise and decay time in the range of microseconds. The state‐of‐the‐art device performance originates from the ultra‐thin nature of GaN NS coupled with nitrogen point vacancies in the synthesis process. This work presents the opportunity to significantly expand the reach of GaN semiconductor technology and may lead to applications in high‐performance miniaturized imaging systems, spectroscopy, communication, and integrated optoelectronic circuits.
3D Electronic Sensors for Bio‐Interfaced Electronics and Soft Robotics
Authors: Gu Ji‐Woo , Lee Jae‐Hwan , Kang Seung‐Kyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMulti‐dimensional electronic devices for sensing applications have received immense attention in the fields of bio‐interface electronics and soft robotics to achieve structural manifolds in recent years. The structural diversities of sensors are tuned based on the environments in which they encounter multipurpose and complex form factors of electronics. 3D electronics are one of the emerging sensor platforms characterized by structural adaptability and compatibility on free target surfaces, resulting in unprecedented improvement of spatial resolution. Herein, the recent progress made in the fabrication and usage of 3D electronic sensors that are classified into two groups based on the methodological concepts used for fabrication in bio‐interfaced electronics and soft robotics applications, is reviewed. The latest advances in the design and development of 3D printable and 2D to 3D shape‐deformable electronic sensors are reviewed with a focus on printable materials and deformation mechanisms, respectively. 3D printing techniques enable the facile fabrication of arbitrary and seamless electronics without the use of conventional microfabrication technologies. Deformable electronics cover their self‐tune architectures and functions depending on mechanical deformation based on buckling, origami, and kirigami fabrication strategies. Finally, the printed and deformable 3D sensors show their potential for use in next‐generation sensing platforms.
A Review of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID‐19 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Su Peng , Wu Yuchen , Xie Feng , Zheng Qinghui , Chen Long , Liu Zhuang , Meng Xuli , Zhou Fangfang , Zhang Long 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is ongoing, and has necessitated scientific efforts in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Interestingly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been crucial in these developments. EVs are a collection of various nanovesicles which are delimited by a lipid bilayer. They are enriched in proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, and naturally released from different cells. Their natural material transport properties, inherent long‐term recycling ability, excellent biocompatibility, editable targeting, and inheritance of parental cell properties make EVs one of the most promising next‐generation drug delivery nanocarriers and active biologics. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, many efforts have been made to exploit the payload of natural EVs for the treatment of COVID‐19. Furthermore, strategies that use engineered EVs to manufacture vaccines and neutralization traps have produced excellent efficacy in animal experiments and clinical trials. Here, the recent literature on the application of EVs in COVID‐19 diagnosis, treatment, damage repair, and prevention is reviewed. And the therapeutic value, application strategies, safety, and biotoxicity in the production and clinical applications of EV agents for COVID‐19 treatment, as well as inspiration for using EVs to block and eliminate novel viruses are discussed.
Genome Mining in Glass Chemistry Using Linear Component Analysis of Ion Conductivity Data
Authors: Pan Zhiwen , Dellith Jan , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the multivariate origin of physical properties is particularly complex for polyionic glasses. As a concept, the term genome has been used to describe the entirety of structure‐property relations in solid materials, based on functional genes acting as descriptors for a particular property, for example, for input in regression analysis or other machine‐learning tools. Here, the genes of ionic conductivity in polyionic sodium‐conducting glasses are presented as fictive chemical entities with a characteristic stoichiometry, derived from strong linear component analysis (SLCA) of a uniquely consistent dataset. SLCA is based on a twofold optimization problem that maximizes the quality of linear regression between a property (here: ionic conductivity) and champion candidates from all possible combinations of elements. Family trees and matrix rotation analysis are subsequently used to filter for essential elemental combinations, and from their characteristic mean composition, the essential genes. These genes reveal the intrinsic relationships within the multivariate input data. While they do not require a structural representation in real space, how possible structural interpretations agree with intuitive understanding of structural entities known from spectroscopic experiments is finally demonstrated.
Discovery of Intratumoral Oncolytic Bacteria Toward Targeted Anticancer Theranostics
Authors: Goto Yamato , Iwata Seigo , Miyahara Mikako , Miyako Eijiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnveiling biomedical functions of tumor‐resident microbiota is challenging for developing advanced anticancer medicines. This study demonstrates that isolated intratumoral bacteria, associated with natural purple photosynthetic bacteria, have inherent biocompatibility and strong immunogenic anticancer efficacies. They preferentially grow and proliferate within a targeted tumor milieu, which effectively causes immune cells to infiltrate the tumor and provoke strong anticancer responses in various syngeneic mouse models, including colorectal cancer, sarcoma, metastatic lung cancer, and extensive drug‐resistant breast cancer. Furthermore, these functional bacteria‐treated mice exhibit excellent anticancerous responses and have significantly prolonged survival rates with effective immunological memory. Light‐harvesting nanocomplexes of microbial consortia of intratumoral bacteria and purple photosynthetic bacteria can diagnose tumors using bio‐optical‐window near‐infrared light, making them useful theranostic agents for highly targeted immunological elimination of the tumor and for precisely marking tumor location.