bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world data on efficacy and safety of osimertinib in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR T790M mutation detected by first and repeat rebiopsy
Authors: Wang Yuenan , Zhang Huanhuan , Zou Yuxia , Ren Xueru , Wang Hanqi , Bai Rubing , Xu Ke , Xu Yehong , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOsimertinib could effectively target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M resistance mutations in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating that rebiopsy may be particularly important. However, the clinical benefit of repeat rebiopsy in T790M‐negative patients with NSCLC detected by the first rebiopsy is still unclear, and data on the efficacy and safety of osimertinib in patients with NSCLC who are T790M‐positive patients on a repeat rebiopsy remain rare.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the clinical data of advanced NSCLC patients with common EGFR mutation who were treated with 1/2‐generation (1/2G) EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in first‐line therapy in our center from January 2018 to December 2020. The detection rate of T790M by first and repeat rebiopsy was recorded, and we also analyzed the efficacy and safety of osimertinib for T790M‐positive patients.ResultsAmong 190 common EGFR‐mutant patients who received 1/2G EGFR–TKIs with advanced NSCLC in the first‐line treatment, 141 patients developed progressive disease. In total, 110 of 141 accepted the first rebiopsy, with a T790M prevalence of 50.9% (56/110). In total, 43 T790M‐positive patients who received osimertinib were included in first rebiopsy group. Of 54 T790M‐negative patients detected by the first rebiopsy, 28 underwent repeated rebiopsy in subsequent clinical treatment, and 10 (35.7%) T790M‐positive cases were confirmed. In total, eight T790M‐positive patients treated with osimertinib were included in repeat rebiopsy group. Overall, 66 (60%) of 110 patients acquired a T790M mutation. In patients with the T790M mutation discovered by the first and repeat rebiopsy, osimertinib resulted in median progression‐free survival of 7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.3–8.7) and 6 (95% CI: 4.7–7.3) months, respectively (p = .656). The median overall survival since osimertinib initiation for T790M‐positive patients at first rebiopsy was 20 (95% CI: 15.1–24.9) months and 19 (95% CI: 16.9–21.1) months, for those at repeated rebiopsy (p = .888). Adverse events of grade 3 or higher were similar in the two groups (25.6% vs. 12.5%, p = .616). There was no treatment‐related death in the two groups.ConclusionsRepeat rebiopsy can increase the T790M mutation positivity rate. Osimertinib showed similar efficacy and safety in T790M‐positive patients whether detected by the first or repeat rebiopsy.
Melanistic North African hedgehog Atelerix algirus (Lereboullet, 1842): First report case in Erinaceidae
Authors: El‐Farhati Haithem , Hizem Mohamed Wassim , Nouira Saïd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough they are animals known all over the world, there is still a lot to discover about hedgehogs. Records of atypical colourations in these animals are rare or even absent. Melanism is a genetic peculiarity that causes an overproduction of melanin and makes the body colour partially or completely black. We present the first‐ever record case of a melanism for an Erinaceidae species, Atelerix algirus, from Tunisia (33°12′26.5″N 10°26′32.4″E). We discuss its potential evolutionary advantage and give some explanation of its rarity.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its association with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wickramasinghe Dakshitha , Kamburugamuwa Sohan , Xavier Chrisjit , Samarasekera Nandadeva , Warusavitarne Janindra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).MethodsA literature search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from inception to 31st January 2020 without any limitations on article type or language for studies reporting data on CRC on patients with IBS. A meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of CRC among patients with IBS. Data extraction was according to the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.ResultsTwenty‐one articles were eligible for data extraction and quantitative analysis. Of them, 11 were included in the meta‐analysis (IBS n = 284 366, no‐IBS n = 8 390 509). The pooled prevalence of CRC in patients with IBS was 0.96% (95% CI—0.184%–2.344%). The prevalence was lowest in the constipation‐predominant IBS (pooled prevalence 1.126%. Patients with IBS‐D and IBS‐U had an equal pooled prevalence of CRC (2.49%). Eleven studies compared the prevalence of CRC in patients with IBS with a control population. The pooled OR was 2.8 (CI 2.305–3.294).ConclusionsThere was an increased risk of CRC among patients diagnosed with IBS, primarily in the first year after IBS diagnosis.RegistrationThe review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021236707).
Robot‐assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: a systematic review of perioperative outcomes
Authors: Garg Harshit , Mansour Ahmed M. , Psutka Sarah P. , Kim Simon P. , Porter James , Gaspard Christine S. , Dursun Furkan , Pruthi Deepak K. , Wang Hanzhang , Kaushik Dharam 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and feasibility of robot‐assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R‐RPLND) and to compare the perioperative outcomes of R‐RPLND with open RPLND (O‐RPLND), as RPLND forms an integral part of the management of testis cancer and R‐RPLND is a minimally invasive treatment option for this disease.Materials and MethodsThe PubMed®, Scopus®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science™ databases were searched for studies reporting perioperative outcomes of primary and post‐chemotherapy R‐RPLND and studies comparing R‐RPLND with O‐RPLND.ResultsThe search yielded 42 articles describing R‐RPLND, including five comparative studies. The systematic review included 4222 patients (single‐arm studies, n = 459; comparative studies, n = 3763). Of 459 patients in the single‐arm studies, 271 underwent primary R‐RPLND and 188 underwent post‐chemotherapy R‐RPLND. For primary R‐RPLND, the operative time ranged from 175 to 540 min and the major complication rate was 4.1%. For post‐chemotherapy R‐RPLND, the operative time ranged from 134 to 550 min and the major complication rate was 8.5%. The conversion rate to open surgery was 2.2% in primary R‐RPLND and 9.0% in post‐chemotherapy R‐RPLND. In comparison with O‐RPLND, R‐RPLND was associated with a lower transfusion rate (14.5% vs 0.9%, P < 0.001) and a lower complication rate (18.5% vs 7.8%, P = 0.002).ConclusionRobot‐assisted RPLND has acceptable perioperative outcomes in both the primary and post‐chemotherapy settings but a notable rate of conversion to open surgery in the post‐chemotherapy setting. Compared with O‐RPLND, R‐RPLND is associated with a lower transfusion rate and fewer overall complications. Given the potential impact of selection bias, the optimal patient selection criteria for R‐RPLND remain to be elucidated.
PedCRIN tool for the biosamples management in pediatric clinical trials
Authors: Giannuzzi Viviana , Ruggieri Lucia , Conte Rosa , Manfredi Cristina , Felisi Mariagrazia , Kubiak Christine , Matei Mihaela , Malik Salma , Demotes Jacques , Ceci Adriana , Bonifazi Donato 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn pediatric clinical research, it is essential to implement ethical and regulatory requirements, training, and facilities to grant the proper management of specimens, considering that blood sampling may be difficult, the number of specimens is usually limited, and all efforts should be made to minimize sample volumes. In the context of the Pediatric Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (PedCRIN) project, an easy‐to‐use tool has been developed to guide investigators and sponsors in managing specimens and associated data in compliance with the applicable European rules in the context of pediatric clinical trials. Key topics and research questions to properly manage biosamples and related data in the context of pediatric trials were identified by PedCRIN partners; the current European regulatory/ethical and legal resources were searched for and analyzed; the items/measures/procedures to ensure regulatory compliance of a pediatric trial with regards to biosamples were defined. A checklist of the key items to be considered for the management of biological samples in pediatric clinical trials in compliance with the European applicable rules and legislation, was prepared. It is publicly available on the PedCRIN website https://ecrin.org/projects/pedcrin. Five different topics were covered: consent and assent; minimizing harm and maximizing welfare; sampling volume; skills, training and facilities required for sampling; and long‐term storage of biological material. This exercise addressed a specific need in the field of pediatric research to implement ad hoc procedures for specimen handling. In fact, specific guidance on the management of biosamples in pediatrics is not available.
Development and validation of a novel model for predicting stigmata of recent hemorrhage in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Multicenter nationwide study
Authors: Aoki Tomonori , Yamada Atsuo , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Sho , Narasaka Toshiaki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Kinjo Yuzuru , Mizuki Akira , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Kaise Mitsuru , Nagata Naoyoshi ,   Collaborators
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesStigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) directly indicate a need for endoscopic therapy in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB). Colonoscopy would be prioritized for patients with highly suspected SRH, but the predictors of colonic SRH remain unclear. We aimed to construct a predictive model for the efficient detection of SRH using a nationwide cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 8360 patients admitted through hospital emergency departments for acute LGIB in the CODE BLUE‐J Study (49 hospitals throughout Japan). All patients underwent inpatient colonoscopy. To develop an SRH predictive model, 4863 patients were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, colonoscopic factors (timing, preparation, and devices), and computed tomography (CT) extravasation were extensively assessed. The performance of the model was externally validated in 3497 patients.ResultsColonic SRH was detected in 28% of patients. A novel predictive model for detecting SRH (CS‐NEED score: ColonoScopic factors, No abdominal pain, Elevated PT‐INR, Extravasation on CT, and DOAC use) showed high performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.74 for derivation and 0.73 for external validation). This score was also highly predictive of active bleeding (AUC 0.73 for derivation and 0.76 for external validation). Patients with low (0–6), intermediate (7–8), and high (9–12) scores in the external validation cohort had SRH identification rates of 20%, 31%, and 64%, respectively (P < 0.001 for trend).ConclusionsA novel predictive model for colonic SRH identification (CS‐NEED score) can specify colonoscopies likely to achieve endoscopic therapy in acute LGIB. Using the model during initial management would contribute to finding and treating SRH efficiently.
Revisiting marine redox conditions during the Ediacaran Shuram carbon isotope excursion
Authors: Gong Zheng , Wei Guang‐Yi , Fakhraee Mojtaba , Alcott Lewis J. , Jiang Lei , Zhao Mingyu , Planavsky Noah J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Neoproterozoic carbonate record contains multiple carbon isotope anomalies, which are the subject of intense debate. The largest of these anomalies, the Shuram excursion (SE), occurred in the mid‐Ediacaran (~574–567 Ma). Accurately reconstructing marine redox landscape is a clear path toward making sense of the mechanism that drives this δ13C anomaly. Here, we report new uranium isotopic data from the shallow‐marine carbonates of the Wonoka Formation, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, where the SE is well preserved. Our data indicate that the δ238U trend during the SE is highly reproducible across globally disparate sections from different depositional settings. Previously, it was proposed that the positive shift of δ238U values during the SE suggests an extensive, near‐modern level of marine oxygenation. However, recent publications suggest that the fractionation of uranium isotopes in ferruginous and anoxic conditions is comparable, opening up the possibility of non‐unique interpretations of the carbonate uranium isotopic record. Here, we build on this idea by investigating the SE in conjunction with additional geochemical proxies. Using a revised uranium isotope mass balance model and an inverse stochastic carbon cycle model, we reevaluate models for δ13C and δ238U trends during the SE. We suggest that global seawater δ238U values during the SE could be explained by an expansion of ferruginous conditions and do not require a near‐modern level of oxygenation during the mid‐Ediacaran.
Functional traits and climate drive interspecific differences in disturbance‐induced tree mortality
Authors: Barrere Julien , Reineking Björn , Cordonnier Thomas , Kulha Niko , Honkaniemi Juha , Peltoniemi Mikko , Korhonen Kari T. , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Zavala Miguel A. , Kunstler Georges 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith climate change, natural disturbances such as storm or fire are reshuffled, inducing pervasive shifts in forest dynamics. To predict how it will impact forest structure and composition, it is crucial to understand how tree species differ in their sensitivity to disturbances. In this study, we investigated how functional traits and species mean climate affect their sensitivity to disturbances while controlling for tree size and stand structure. With data on 130,594 trees located on 7617 plots that were disturbed by storm, fire, snow, biotic or other disturbances from the French, Spanish, and Finnish National Forest Inventory, we modeled annual mortality probability for 40 European tree species as a function of tree size, dominance status, disturbance type, and intensity. We tested the correlation of our estimated species probability of disturbance mortality with their traits and their mean climate niches. We found that different trait combinations controlled species sensitivity to disturbances. Storm‐sensitive species had a high height‐dbh ratio, low wood density and high maximum growth, while fire‐sensitive species had low bark thickness and high P50. Species from warmer and drier climates, where fires are more frequent, were more resistant to fire. The ranking in disturbance sensitivity between species was overall consistent across disturbance types. Productive conifer species were the most disturbance sensitive, while Mediterranean oaks were the least disturbance sensitive. Our study identified key relations between species functional traits and disturbance sensitivity, that allows more reliable predictions of how changing climate and disturbance regimes will impact future forest structure and species composition at large spatial scales.
On tiptoe: Identity tension and reconciliation among Shanghai stay‐at‐home mothers
Authors: Tian Felicia F. , Chen Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is well documented that motherhood influences gendered outcomes in work institutions. However, how paid work influences women's private sphere and sense of self remains unclear and could vary across societies. This article focuses on identity construction among 28 college‐educated stay‐at‐home mothers in Shanghai. The findings from semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews reveal tension negotiation and reconciliation within these mothers' multiple self‐identities. Despite choosing to voluntarily leave their paid jobs and become stay‐at‐home mothers, participants differentiated between their maternal identity and their stay‐at‐home mother identity; in particular, they perceived motherhood as more valuable and socially acceptable than the choice to be a stay‐at‐home mother (i.e., participants readily identified as mothers but hesitated to describe themselves as stay‐at‐home mothers). To avoid this tension and protect their self‐image, participants incorporated aspects of their previous working identity into their stay‐at‐home mother identity, such as taking part‐time jobs and framing their childrearing experience as a future career asset. The results help explain how the notion of work shapes women's self‐image, even when they leave the labor market. Overall, the findings reinforce mothering imperatives and identities and the need to understand them from a cross‐cultural perspective in relation to societal prevailing gender norms.
Physiological correction of hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia during pregnancy
Authors: Marchi Rita , Durual Stéphane , Pecheux Océane , Neerman‐Arbez Marguerite , Casini Alessandro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionHereditary hypofibrinogenemia is a rare fibrinogen disorder characterised by decreased levels of fibrinogen. Pregnant women with hypofibrinogenemia are at risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes, depending on the fibrinogen level.AimWe investigated how the physiological changes of hemostasis throughout the pregnancy impact the hemostatic balance in a woman with hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia.MethodsFibrin clot properties were analyzed by turbidimetry and scanning electron microscopy, clot weight and red blood cells retention were measured by whole clot contraction, and in vitro thrombin generation was assessed by calibrated automated thrombogram and ex vivo by TAT.ResultsThroughout the pregnancy, the fibrinogen levels increased reaching normal values in the third trimester (activity 3.1 g/L, antigen 3.2 g/L). In parallel, the fibrin polymerisation increased, the fibrinolysis decreased, the fibrin clot network became denser with thicker fibrin fibers, and the fibrin clot weight and red blood cells retention increased, reaching control's value at the third trimester. Similarly, in vitro and ex vitro thrombin generation increased, reaching maximum values at the delivery.ConclusionIn this case of hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia we observed a physiological increase of fibrinogen and thrombin generation. Future studies should focus on moderate and severe hypofibrinogenemia, to assess fibrinogen variation and the overall impact of increased TG on the hemostasis balance.
Diagnostic spectrum of hypereosinophilia based on bone marrow pathology: 10 years' experience at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kim Hyunji , Cho Young‐Uk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypereosinophilia (HE) is defined as peripheral blood (PB) eosinophil count exceeding 1.5 × 109/L. As the causes of HE can be diverse, the work‐up of patients was complicated. In this study, we aimed to categorize the underlying diseases associated with HE and demonstrate minimum diagnostic approach.MethodsCases presenting with HE within 7 days of bone marrow (BM) examination conducted between 2008 and 2019 were selected. Cases were classified by the revised 2022 WHO and ICC classification. We also assessed morphologic features of unclassified persisting HE (>4 weeks) patients according to the morphologic criteria suggested a previous study by Wang et al.ResultsA total of 364 patients were included. The work‐up confirmed primary HE in 38.7%, secondary HE in 48.9%, HE patients with insufficient evaluation in 13.7%. When conducted a slide review of HE patients with sustained HE more than 4 weeks among HE patients with insufficient evaluation, the morphological features showed abnormal eosinophils in PB/BM (69.0%/81.0%), hypercellularity (26.2%), myelofibrosis (7.1%), increased M:E ratio (5.3%), and dysmegakaryopoiesis (4.8%). Of these patients, 14 patients who met all morphologic criteria were suspected of CEL.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that HE is associated with variable conditions. BM morphological assessment based on a robust criterion can help to confirm a MN irrespective of the presence of clonal markers. The work‐up of patients in whom ruled out the common secondary causes of HE requires a systematic but sufficient approach including at a minimum BM karyotyping, PDGFRA testing, lymphocyte immunophenotyping and TCR gene rearrangement.
Estimating the serial intervals of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 variants in Hong Kong
Authors: Guo Zihao , Zhao Shi , Yam Carrie Ho Kwan , Li Conglu , Jiang Xiaoting , Chow Tsz Yu , Chong Ka Chun , Yeoh Eng Kiong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmpirical evidence on the epidemiological characteristics of the emerged SARS‐CoV‐2 variants could shed light on the transmission potential of the virus and strategic outbreak control planning. In this study, by using contact tracing data collected during an Omicron‐predominant epidemic phase in Hong Kong, we estimated the mean serial interval of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 variants at 2.8 days (95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.5, 6.7), 2.7 days (95% CrI: 2.1, 3.6), and 4.4 days (95% CrI: 2.6, 7.5), respectively, with adjustment for right truncation and sampling bias. The short serial interval for the current circulating variant indicated that outbreak mitigations through contact tracing and case isolation would be quite challenging.
Boosting dielectric temperature stability in BNBST‐based energy storage ceramics by Nb2O5 modification
Authors: Zhu Wen , Guo Huanhuan , Shen Zong‐Yang , Song Fusheng , Luo Wenqin , Wang Zhumei , Li Yueming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExploring environment‐friendly energy storage ceramics simultaneously featuring large recoverable energy storage density (Wrec), high‐energy storage efficiency (ƞ), and excellent temperature stability is highly desirable for the application of pulsed power systems. Herein, Nb2O5 was introduced to modify BNBST‐based lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics in an effort to enhance the dielectric temperature stability. (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.65(Ba0.3Sr0.7)0.35(Ti0.98Ce0.02)O3 (BNBSTC) + x wt%Nb2O5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) ceramics were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. The phase structure, microstructure, dielectric, and energy storage properties of the ceramics have been systematically studied. It was found that the εr–T curve was flattened, and the dielectric temperature stability was effectively improved due to the addition of Nb2O5. A noticeable Wrec (1.44 J/cm3) with high η (84.1%) was obtained in BNBSTC + 2 wt%Nb2O5 ceramics at a low electric field of 90 kV/cm, which was mainly due to a refined P–E loop induced by Nb2O5. In addition to excellent frequency and anti‐fatigue cycle stability, this ceramic provides a new solution for designing pulsed power capacitors with high energy density and high temperature stability under low voltage driving conditions.