bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Dependent Temperature Regulation of Benthic Fluxes in Reservoirs
Authors: Dadi Tallent , Friese Kurt , Wendt‐Potthoff Katrin , Marcé Rafael , Koschorreck Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTemperature and dissolved oxygen concentration are critical factors affecting the exchange of solutes between sediment and water; both factors will be affected by warming of lakes and thereby influence water quality. Temperature and oxygen responses of single solute fluxes are well known; however, not much is known about the interaction of temperature and oxygen in regulating the balance of different fluxes in the benthic environment. We analyzed benthic flux (mobilization and immobilization) data of various solutes (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CH4, NO3−‐N, NH4+‐N, SRP, SO4−, Fe, Mn, and O2) collected from laboratory incubations of 142 sediment cores from 5 different reservoirs incubated under varying in situ temperature and oxygen conditions. Oxygen was the primary driver of benthic fluxes, while temperature and total organic content were secondary. Temperature effects on benthic fluxes were stronger under anoxic conditions which imply that warming will substantially increase the benthic fluxes if the sediment surface becomes anoxic. The varying temperature response of processes underlying the studied fluxes will result in a shift of their relative importance in the benthic environment, especially in shallow lakes that are more vulnerable to warming. For example, more anoxic conditions will shift the equilibrium between net sulfate reduction and methane release toward the latter. We also predict that physical effects of warming leading to hypolimnetic oxygen depletion, that is, stronger stratification and longer hypolimnetic confinement will increase the benthic mobilization of phosphorus, DOC, and methane into water and immobilization of sulfate by the sediments even in deep lakes.
Evaluating Satellite Precipitation Estimates Over Oceans Using Passive Aquatic Listeners
Authors: Bytheway J. L. , Thompson E. J. , Yang J. , Chen H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPassive aquatic listeners (PALs) provide high‐quality, high‐resolution estimates of precipitation over ocean regions, but have been underutilized as a reference data set for the evaluation of satellite‐based precipitation estimates (SPEs). PALs are uniquely suited for this purpose due to their 5 km surface listening area when sampling at 1 km depth on drifting Argo Floats, providing rain rate estimates on a spatial scale similar to the native grid spacing of many SPEs. In this study we compare three SPE products (IMERG, CMORPH, and PDIR‐Now) to PAL measurements. Evaluations are performed over tropical, extratropical, and global oceans at SPE native spatiotemporal resolution and longer time scales. We find the SPEs to have rain rate frequency distributions similar to PAL, but with biases and varying performance characteristics that are dependent on region and time scale.
Controls on Ice Cliff Distribution and Characteristics on Debris‐Covered Glaciers
Authors: Kneib Marin , Fyffe Catriona L. , Miles Evan S. , Lindemann Shayna , Shaw Thomas E. , Buri Pascal , McCarthy Michael , Ouvry Boris , Vieli Andreas , Sato Yota , Kraaijenbrink Philip D. A. , Zhao Chuanxi , Molnar Peter , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIce cliff distribution plays a major role in determining the melt of debris‐covered glaciers but its controls are largely unknown. We assembled a data set of 37,537 ice cliffs and determined their characteristics across 86 debris‐covered glaciers within High Mountain Asia (HMA). We find that 38.9% of the cliffs are stream‐influenced, 19.5% pond‐influenced and 19.7% are crevasse‐originated. Surface velocity is the main predictor of cliff distribution at both local and glacier scale, indicating its dependence on the dynamic state and hence evolution stage of debris‐covered glacier tongues. Supraglacial ponds contribute to maintaining cliffs in areas of thicker debris, but this is only possible if water accumulates at the surface. Overall, total cliff density decreases exponentially with debris thickness as soon as the debris layer reaches a thickness of over 10 cm.
Efficient and Accurate Pattern Synthesis for Radome‐Enclosed Planar Arrays Using Iterative FFT via Two‐Dimensional Least‐Square Active Element Pattern Expansion
Authors: Bai Jingjing , Liu Yanhui , Yang Shiwen , Hu Jun , Nie Zaiping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work generalizes the iterative fast Fourier transform (FFT) via least‐square active element pattern expansion method to efficiently synthesize two‐dimensional (2D) patterns with accurate sidelobe and mainlobe shape control for planar arrays with radomes. The 2D active element patterns (2D‐AEPs) of a planar array‐radome structure are utilized to include the mutual coupling and radome effect. The 2D‐LSAEPE method is presented to approximate each 2D‐AEP as the pattern by exciting a virtual rectangular subarray with identical element patterns, and the weighting coefficients of the virtual subarray are found by minimizing the least‐square error of the 2D‐AEP approximation. With the help of the 2D‐LSAEPE, the pattern of a planar array with a radome can be efficiently calculated by FFT. To apply the FFT via 2D‐LSAEPE for planar array pattern computation, a blocked accumulating matrix is introduced which relates the virtual and physical excitation vectors. In addition, an interpolation‐based pre‐processing technique is implemented to obtain the virtual element pattern data in uniform grid of the (u, v)‐space so as to meet the requirement of employing the 2D‐FFT. By integrating the FFT with the 2D‐LSAEPE and the interpolation technique, an efficient iterative method is developed to implement accurate pattern synthesis for planar arrays with radomes. Three examples of synthesizing different planar array‐radome systems are conducted. Synthesis results show that the proposed method achieves much more accurate synthesis result than the traditional FFT‐based technique, while taking much less computation time than some other methods. This verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Flood Defense Standard Estimation Using Machine Learning and Its Representation in Large‐Scale Flood Hazard Modeling
Authors: Zhao Gang , Bates Paul D. , Neal Jeff , Yamazaki Dai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe propose a machine learning‐based approach to estimate the flood defense standard (FDS) for unlabeled sites. We adopted random forest regression (RFR) to characterize the relationship between the declared FDS and 10 explanatory factors contained in publicly available data sets. We compared RFR with multiple linear regression (MLR) and demonstrated the proposed approach in the conterminous United States (CONUS) and England, respectively. The results showed the following: (a) RFR performed better than MLR, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.85 in the CONUS and 0.76 in England. Unsatisfactory performances of MLR indicated that the relationship between the FDS and explanatory factors did not obey an explicit linear function. (b) RFR revealed river flood factors had higher importance than physical and socio‐economic factors in the FDS estimation. The proposed RFR achieved the highest performance using all factors for prediction and could not provide good predictions (NSE < 0.65) using physical or socio‐economic factors individually. (c) We estimated the FDS for all unlabeled sites in the CONUS and England. Approximately 80% and 29% of sites were identified as high or highest standard (>100‐year return period) in the CONUS and England, respectively. (d) We incorporated the estimated FDS in large‐scale flood modeling and compared the model results with official flood hazard maps in three case studies. We identified obvious overestimations in protected areas when flood defenses were not taken into account; flood defenses were successfully represented using the proposed approach.
The core metabolome and root exudation dynamics of three phylogenetically distinct plant species
Authors: McLaughlin Sarah , Zhalnina Kateryna , Kosina Suzanne , Northen Trent R. , Sasse Joelle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRoot exudates are plant-derived, exported metabolites likely shaping root-associated microbiomes by acting as nutrients and signals. However, root exudation dynamics are unclear and thus also, if changes in exudation are reflected in changes in microbiome structure. Here, we assess commonalities and differences between exudates of different plant species, diurnal exudation dynamics, as well as the accompanying methodological aspects of exudate sampling. We find that exudates should be collected for hours rather than days as many metabolite abundances saturate over time. Plant growth in sterile, nonsterile, or sugar-supplemented environments significantly alters exudate profiles. A comparison of Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, and Medicago truncatula shoot, root, and root exudate metabolite profiles reveals clear differences between these species, but also a core metabolome for tissues and exudates. Exudate profiles also exhibit a diurnal signature. These findings add to the methodological and conceptual groundwork for future exudate studies to improve understanding of plant-microbe interactions.
Small molecule-nanobody conjugate induced proximity controls intracellular processes and modulates endogenous unligandable targets
Authors: Sun Xiaofeng , Zhou Chengjian , Xia Simin , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChemically induced proximity (CIP) is a powerful tool to study cellular functions. However with current CIP inducers it is difficult to directly modulate unligandable and endogenous targets, and therapeutic translational potential is also restricted. Herein, we combine CIP and chemical nanobody engineering and create cell-permeable small molecule-nanobody conjugate inducers of proximity (SNACIPs). The SNACIP inducer cRGT carrying a cyclic cell-penetrating peptide rapidly enters live cells and dimerizes eDHFR and GFP-variants. cRGT enables minute-scale, reversible, no-wash and dose-dependent control of cellular processes including signaling cascade, cargo transport and ferroptosis. Small-molecule motifs can also be installed via post-translational modifications. Therefore, latent-type SNACIPs including cRTC are designed that are functionally assembled inside living cells. cRTC contains a nanobody against an intrinsically disordered protein TPX2, a microtubule nucleation factor overexpressed in various cancers. Cancer cell proliferation is inhibited and tumor growth is suppressed in vivo. Hence, SNACIPs are valuable proximity inducers for regulating cellular functions.
Optimization of rice panicle architecture by specifically suppressing ligand–receptor pairs
Authors: Guo Tao , Lu Zi-Qi , Xiong Yehui , Shan Jun-Xiang , Ye Wang-Wei , Dong Nai-Qian , Kan Yi , Yang Yi-Bing , Zhao Huai-Yu , Yu Hong-Xiao , Guo Shuang-Qin , Lei Jie-Jie , Liao Ben , Chai Jijie , Lin Hong-Xuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRice panicle architecture determines the grain number per panicle and therefore impacts grain yield. The OsER1–OsMKKK10–OsMKK4–OsMPK6 pathway shapes panicle architecture by regulating cytokinin metabolism. However, the specific upstream ligands perceived by the OsER1 receptor are unknown. Here, we report that the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF)/EPF-LIKE (EPFL) small secreted peptide family members OsEPFL6, OsEPFL7, OsEPFL8, and OsEPFL9 synergistically contribute to rice panicle morphogenesis by recognizing the OsER1 receptor and activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Notably, OsEPFL6, OsEPFL7, OsEPFL8, and OsEPFL9 negatively regulate spikelet number per panicle, but OsEPFL8 also controls rice spikelet fertility. A osepfl6 osepfl7 osepfl9 triple mutant had significantly enhanced grain yield without affecting spikelet fertility, suggesting that specifically suppressing the OsEPFL6–OsER1, OsEPFL7–OsER1, and OsEPFL9–OsER1 ligand–receptor pairs can optimize rice panicle architecture. These findings provide a framework for fundamental understanding of the role of ligand–receptor signaling in rice panicle development and demonstrate a potential method to overcome the trade-off between spikelet number and fertility.
Superionic effect and anisotropic texture in Earth’s inner core driven by geomagnetic field
Authors: Sun Shichuan , He Yu , Yang Junyi , Lin Yufeng , Li Jinfeng , Kim Duck Young , Li Heping , Mao Ho-kwang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeismological observations suggest that Earth’s inner core (IC) is heterogeneous and anisotropic. Increasing seismological observations make the understanding of the mineralogy and mechanism for the complex IC texture extremely challenging, and the driving force for the anisotropic texture remains unclear. Under IC conditions, hydrogen becomes highly diffusive like liquid in the hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) solid Fe lattice, which is known as the superionic state. Here, we reveal that H-ion diffusion in superionic Fe-H alloy is anisotropic with the lowest barrier energy along the c-axis. In the presence of an external electric field, the alignment of the Fe-H lattice with the c-axis pointing to the field direction is energetically favorable. Due to this effect, Fe-H alloys are aligned with the c-axis parallel to the equatorial plane by the diffusion of the north–south dipole geomagnetic field into the inner core. The aligned texture driven by the geomagnetic field presents significant seismic anisotropy, which explains the anisotropic seismic velocities in the IC, suggesting a strong coupling between the IC structure and geomagnetic field.
Prediction of global potential suitable habitats of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto based on MaxEnt model
Authors: Zhang Yan-Fang , Chen Shu-Tong , Gao Yun , Yang Long , Yu Hua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNicotiana alata Link et Otto, widely used in landscaping, is not only of great ornamental value but also of high commercial and medical value. The global potential habitat of N. alata and the environmental factors affecting its distribution are not that clear at present. To provide a reference for the reasonable and extensive planting of N. alata now and in the future, the MaxEnt model was used to predict its global suitable habitats under current and future climate conditions, respectively, based on global geographic distribution data of N. alata and the current and future world bioclimatic variables. The results showed that mean temperature of the driest quarter (bio9), precipitation of driest month (bio14), precipitation seasonality (bio15) and max temperature of warmest month (bio5), were the key bioclimatic variables governing the distribution of N. alata. The global suitable habitats of N. alata were mainly distributed in Europe, the United States, southeastern South America, and China under current climate conditions. Compared with current climate conditions, the future climate decreased suitable habitats of N. alata under SSP1-2.6, and SSP2-4.5 scenario and increased suitable habitats of N. alata under SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 climatic scenarios. The results provided valuable information and theoretical reference for the reasonable planting of N. alata.
Ultrasensitive tapered optical fiber refractive index glucose sensor
Authors: Ujah Erem , Lai Meimei , Slaughter Gymama 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRefractive index (RI) sensors are of great interest for label-free optical biosensing. A tapered optical fiber (TOF) RI sensor with micron-sized waist diameters can dramatically enhance sensor sensitivity by reducing the mode volume over a long distance. Here, a simple and fast method is used to fabricate highly sensitive refractive index sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Two TOFs (l = 5 mm) with waist diameters of 5 µm and 12 µm demonstrated sensitivity enhancement at λ = 1559 nm for glucose sensing (5–45 wt%) at room temperature. The optical power transmission decreased with increasing glucose concentration due to the interaction of the propagating light in the evanescent field with glucose molecules. The coating of the TOF with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an active layer for glucose sensing generated LSPR through the interaction of the evanescent wave with AuNPs deposited at the tapered waist. The results indicated that the TOF (Ø = 5 µm) exhibited improved sensing performance with a sensitivity of 1265%/RIU compared to the TOF (Ø = 12 µm) at 560%/RIU towards glucose. The AuNPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolent-visible spectroscopy. The AuNPs-decorated TOF (Ø = 12 µm) demonstrated a high sensitivity of 2032%/RIU toward glucose. The AuNPs-decorated TOF sensor showed a sensitivity enhancement of nearly 4 times over TOF (Ø = 12 µm) with RI ranging from 1.328 to 1.393. The fabricated TOF enabled ultrasensitive glucose detection with good stability and fast response that may lead to next-generation ultrasensitive biosensors for real-world applications, such as disease diagnosis.
First evidence of the link between internal and external structure of the human inner ear otolith system using 3D morphometric modeling
Authors: Smith Christopher M. , Curthoys Ian S. , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur sense of balance is among the most central of our sensory systems, particularly in the evolution of human positional behavior. The peripheral vestibular system (PVS) comprises the organs responsible for this sense; the semicircular canals (detecting angular acceleration) and otolith organs (utricle and saccule; detecting linear acceleration, vibration, and head tilt). Reconstructing vestibular evolution in the human lineage, however, is problematic. In contrast to considerable study of the canals, relationships between external bone and internal membranous otolith organs (otolith system) remain largely unexplored. This limits our understanding of vestibular functional morphology. This study combines spherical harmonic modeling and landmark-based shape analyses to model the configuration of the human otolith system. Our approach serves two aims: (1) test the hypothesis that bony form covaries with internal membranous anatomy; and (2) create a 3D morphometric model visualizing bony and membranous structure. Results demonstrate significant associations between bony and membranous tissues of the otolith system. These data provide the first evidence that external structure of the human otolith system is directly related to internal anatomy, suggesting a basic biological relationship. Our results visualize this structural relationship, offering new avenues into vestibular biomechanical modeling and assessing the evolution of the human balance system.
Reconfigurable magnon interference by on-chip dynamic wavelength conversion
Authors: Sarker Md Shamim , Yao Lihao , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Ma Kaijie , Liao Zhiqiang , Terao Kenyu , Tang Siyi , Ramaraj Sankar Ganesh , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpin waves (SWs), an ultra-low power magnetic excitation in ferro or antiferromagnetic media, have tremendous potential as transport less data carriers for post-CMOS technology using their wave interference properties. The concept of magnon interference originates from optical interference, resulting in a historical taboo of maintaining an identical wavevector for magnon interference-based devices. This makes the attainment of on-chip design reconfigurability challenging owing to the difficulty in phase tuning via external fields. Breaking the taboo, this study explores a novel technique to systematically control magnon interference using asymmetric wavevectors from two different SW modes (magnetostatic surface SWs and backward volume magnetostatic SWs) in a microstructured yttrium iron garnet crossbar. Using this system, we demonstrate phase reconfigurability in the interference pattern by modulating the thermal landscape, modifying the dispersion of the interfering SW modes. Thus, we manifest that such a tunable interference can be used to implement reconfigurable logic gates operating between the XNOR and XOR modes by using symmetric and asymmetric interference, respectively.
Methanol electro oxidation on Ni–Pt–CrO/CNFs composite: morphology, structural, and electrochemical characterization
Authors: Abdel-Hady E. E. , Gamal Ahmed , Hamdy Hany , Shaban Mohamed , Abdel-Hamed M. O. , Mohammed Mahmoud A. , Mohammed Wael M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, prepared nanoparticle samples of Ni1-xCrxwith a fixed ratio of platinum (3%) were synthesized and loaded onto carbon nanofibers, which were produced by an electrospinning technique and carbonized at 900 °C for 7 h in an argon atmosphere. A variety of analysis techniques were applied to examine the stoichiometry, structure, surface morphology, and electrochemical activity. The carbonization process produces carbon nanofibers decorated with metal nanoparticles. Typical fibre diameters are 250–520 nm. The fibre morphologies of the treated samples don’t exhibit any overt alterations. A study of the samples’ methanol electrocatalytic capabilities was conducted. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance measurements were used to investigate catalytic performance and electrode stability as a function of electrolyte concentration, scan rate, and reaction time. The electrooxidation reaction’s activation energy is increased, and the electrode’s stability is increased, when Cr is added to Ni. In sample C3, the maximum current density (JPE) was 170.3 mA/cm2at 0.8 V with an onset potential of 0.352 V. Utilizing our electrocatalysts, the electrooxidation of methanol involves a mix of kinetic and diffusion control limiting reactions. This study has shown how to fabricate a powerful Ni–Pt–Cr-based methanol electrooxidation catalyst using a novel approach.
Astrocytes actively support long-range molecular clock synchronization of segregated neuronal populations
Authors: Giantomasi Lidia , Ribeiro João F. , Barca-Mayo Olga , Malerba Mario , Miele Ermanno , De Pietri Tonelli Davide , Berdondini Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus is the master circadian pacemaker that synchronizes the clocks in the central nervous system and periphery, thus orchestrating rhythms throughout the body. However, little is known about how so many cellular clocks within and across brain circuits can be effectively synchronized. In this work, we investigated the implication of two possible pathways: (i) astrocytes-mediated synchronization and (ii) neuronal paracrine factors-mediated synchronization. By taking advantage of a lab-on-a-chip microfluidic device developed in our laboratory, here we report that both pathways are involved. We found the paracrine factors-mediated synchronization of molecular clocks is diffusion-limited and, in our device, effective only in case of a short distance between neuronal populations. Interestingly, interconnecting astrocytes define an active signaling channel that can synchronize molecular clocks of neuronal populations also at longer distances. At mechanism level, we found that astrocytes-mediated synchronization involves both GABA and glutamate, while neuronal paracrine factors-mediated synchronization occurs through GABA signaling. These findings identify a previously unknown role of astrocytes as active cells that might distribute long-range signals to synchronize the brain clocks, thus further strengthening the importance of reciprocal interactions between glial and neuronal cells in the context of circadian circuitry.