bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE FOR BINGOCIZE CLINICAL TRIAL PARTICIPANTS
Authors: Smith Emily , Shake Matthew , Hamm Callie , Crandall Jason 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the number of older adults increasing rapidly, researchers have increasingly focused on designing interventions to improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adulthood. However, many interventions struggle with adherence because older adults often perceive them as unenjoyable, condescending, or painful. Here, we report results from a clinical trial of Bingocize®, a community-based “in vivo” exercise and health education intervention for older adults, to determine if participation impacts participants’ HRQOL. One-hundred and forty-three older adults ages 60+ were randomly assigned to one of four conditions that contrasted exercise and health education to non-intervention control groups. All conditions were matched on social engagement and met in group sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks. The CDC HRQOL measure was administered before and after the intervention. Session adherence was &gt;90% across all sessions. Results from 2 (Time: Pre/Post) x 4 (Condition: Bingo-only Control vs. Bingo+Health Education vs. Bingo+Exercise vs. Bingo+Health Education+Exercise) ANOVAs found that all participants reported better sleep quality, reduced pain, and increased energy after completing the program (p-values &lt;.05). Results from 2 (Time: Pre/Post) x 2 (Exercise/No Exercise) ANOVAs revealed interactions showing that exercise participants experienced greater decreases in days with anxiety and physically unhealthy days as compared to non-exercise participants (p-values &lt;.05). These findings suggest that elements of Bingocize can contribute to improvements in older adults’ mental and physical quality of life. The current research can help researchers and professionals further elucidate which intervention mechanisms play a role in determining older adults’ health-related quality of life.
COPING STRATEGIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS DURING THE SECOND COVID-19 PANDEMIC WAVE IN SWITZERLAND
Authors: Lampraki Charikleia , Jopp Daniela , Hoffman Adar , Roquet Angélique , Uittenhove Kim , Sieber Stefan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Coping strategies help individuals face stressful events and adapt to them. During the second wave of the COVID19 pandemic, individuals were confronted with increased governmental restrictions that aimed in impeding the propagation of the virus, but affected, at the same time, the life as we knew it, with negative consequences for mental health. This study aims at identifying the coping strategies that individuals used during this period, whether they changed over time and how they affected depressive symptoms in a life span sample in Switzerland. Our sample consisted of 736 individuals with age ranging between 18 and 81 years. The study was conducted in three waves with one-month intervals during the second pandemic-wave (i.e., October, November, December 2020). We used multilevel modelling to identify within-subject change and between-subject differences in depressive symptoms, with coping strategies and sociodemographic variables included as predictors. Older age, male gender, cohabiting with others, and being employed protected from feeling depressed. Results also indicated that seeking functional support, seeking emotional support, positive reappraisal and acceptance decreased, while self-distraction and depressive symptoms increased. When positive reappraisal decreased or/and when self-distraction increased, depressive symptoms also increased. This protective effect of positive reappraisal on depression differed in magnitude for younger and older individuals: Reduction in positive reappraisal was more strongly related to increases in depression for younger individuals. In sum, to adapt to the pandemic stress individuals changed the frequency of coping strategy use, but only changes in positive reappraisal and in self-distracting had an influence on depressive symptoms.
GIVING BACK TO FEEL GOOD? SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, AGE, AND NEGATIVE AFFECT
Authors: Nichols Madeline , Witzel Dakota , Stawski Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Developmental theories suggest that midlife and older adulthood are stages in which individuals may begin to focus their time on contributing to society (Erikson, 1969). During these stages, individuals may engage in socially responsible behaviors that protect against negative affect resulting from a lower sense of purpose in later life (Greenfield & Marks, 2004). Social responsibility includes both subjective measures of an individual’s felt contribution to society (i.e., generativity) and objective measures reporting actual time volunteering in different settings (Rossi, 2001). We utilized data from the Midlife in the United States Refresher survey study and Biomarker Project (N=735, Mage=51.56, SD=13.59, 50.20% Male) to explore how self-perceptions of generativity and time spent volunteering predicted negative affect for individuals in midlife and older adulthood. Preliminary analyses indicate that higher generativity (p&lt;.001) and older age (p&lt;.001), but not average time spent volunteering, were associated with higher negative affect. Further, we considered age as a potential moderator for the associations between generativity, volunteering, and negative affect. Age significantly interacted with generativity (p&lt;.01), such that the effects of generativity on reducing negative affect decrease with age. Age did not significantly interact with time spent volunteering. Discussion will focus on how actual engagement in socially responsible behaviors and perceived societal contributions might yield different outcomes regarding protection against negative affect in mid- and later-life. Future directions may include exploring daily indicators of time spent volunteering, generative beliefs, and affect.
HOW GOAL REPRESENTATIONS MODULATE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN EVERYDAY AFFECT AND GOAL PURSUIT AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Choi Yoonseok , Gerstorf Denis , Ashe Maureen , Madden Kenneth , Hoppmann Christiane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Individuals differ in the extent to which they represent their goals as hoped-for versus feared states. We examined the role of such goal representations for how everyday affective experiences and goal pursuit are intertwined. When goals are represented as hoped-for states, we expected stronger associations between daily positive affect and goal pursuit. In contrast, when goals are represented as feared states, we expected stronger associations between daily negative affect (particularly fear) and goal pursuit. We used seven days of repeated daily life assessments from 238 older individuals (Age: M = 70.5 years, SD = 5.99, 59-87 years; N = 119 couples). At baseline, participants reported three goals they planned to pursue over the study period and the extent to which each goal referred to something they hoped-for or feared. During the daily life assessments, participants reported their current affective states and momentary goal pursuit (goal engagement and goal progress) three times per day (11 AM, 4 PM, 9 PM). Multilevel analyses regarding participants’ most salient goal provide initial evidence supporting the expected interactions of goal representations on everyday affect–goal pursuit links. Specifically, individuals with a strong hope-focus in their goals engaged in more goal pursuit when positive affect was up than individuals whose goals were low in hope-focus. In contrast, those with feared goals engaged in more goal pursuit when reporting increased fear. Findings are discussed in the context of the possible selves literature. Future analyses will examine lead-lag effects to address the temporal order underlying affect-goal pursuit associations.
PROFILES OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTS: A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS
Authors: Hill Melanie Serrao , Barnes Timothy , Wu Lizi , Tkatch Rifky , Kraemer Sandra , Schaeffer James , Yeh Charlotte 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Personal Determinants of Health (PDOH) are considered personal resources that contribute to successful aging. Positive PDOH factors have been associated with better health outcomes in older adults; however, research in this area is still limited. Using survey and claims data among adults age 65+ (N=2,866), profiles were identified based on five key PDOH factors (resilience, purpose in life, optimism, self-perception of aging, and social connection via loneliness) utilizing Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Differences in socio-demographics and healthcare outcomes were then explored utilizing multivariate regression models. Outcomes included emergency room (ER) visits, inpatient (IP) admissions, total medical cost, and quality of life (physical and mental health component scores). LCA models yielded three main classes within our sample: high PDOH (56%, n=1,150), moderate PDOH (40%, n=1,611), and low PDOH (4%, n=125). Those within the high PDOH class were significantly younger (Mage=75.6) compared to those within the moderate (Mage=78.2) and low (Mage=78.9) PDOH classes. In addition, the high PDOH class was significantly less likely to have an ER visit (OR=1.81, 95% CI:1.23-2.66) and had 28% better physical health and 52% better mental health components scores as compared to the low PDOH class. Results demonstrate support for the PDOH model as a potential successful aging model. Combinations used to create classes using resilience, purpose in life, optimism, self-perception of aging, and social connection via loneliness indicates that those who are positive in all five aspects show the most promising health outcomes. Future implications include targeting interventions at improving these variables for at-risk older adults.
VISION IMPAIRMENT AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS: THE IMPACT ON COGNITIVE DECLINE
Authors: Hayes Emily , White Avalon , Tanner Corinna Trujillo , Yorgason Jeremy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence suggests a consistent correlation between vision impairments, social isolation, and cognitive decline. The National Eye Institute reports that African Americans have an increased risk of developing certain vision impairments such as cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. At the same time, older African Americans often receive care from family members and this family care may act as a buffer against social isolation and resulting cognitive decline. Using data from 737 African Americans that participated in waves 5, 6, and 7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we explored associations between vision impairment, social isolation, and cognitive functioning. Results showed that vision impairment at round 5 was related to increased social isolation, and higher social isolation at round 5 was related to decreased delayed word recall scores at the same wave. No significant longitudinal associations were found between these constructs. Findings suggest that concurrent associations exist between sensory impairments, social isolation, and cognitive functioning, but that these relationships are not robust across time. Despite support provided by unpaid family caregivers, African American older adults with vision impairment are at an increased risk for concurrent social and cognitive challenges. It may be that family support of those with sensory impairments helps so that these impairments aren’t related to social isolation or cognitive functioning across time. Researchers and clinicians could benefit older African Americans with sensory impairments by providing and encouraging support during early stages of vision loss.
DISSOCIATING RETEST EFFECTS FROM DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE FOR PREDICTING COGNITIVE STATUS
Authors: Tamburri Nicholas , McDowell Cynthia , MacDonald Stuart 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In longitudinal designs, unadjusted retest effects can confound developmental change estimates. This study utilized a measurement burst design and three-level multilevel modeling to a) independently parameterize short-term retest and long-term developmental change and b) employ these estimates as predictors of cognitive status at long-term follow-ups. Using data from Project MIND , participants (N=304; aged 64-92 years) were assessed across biweekly sessions nested within annual bursts (spanning up to 17 total assessments over four years). Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) status was classified at Years 4 (the final burst assessment) and 8 (the study end date). Response time inconsistencies (RTI) were computed to index intraindividual variability across RT trials of a one-back response time (BRT) task. Three-level multilevel models simultaneously yet independently estimated BRT RTI change across weeks and years, indexing short-term retest and long-term developmental change, respectively. Individual slope estimates were extracted and utilized in multinomial logistic regression models contrasting short- vs. long-term RTI change as predictors of long-term cognitive status. Results from the three-level models indicated that retest and developmental slopes yielded non-redundant sources of variance, providing unique estimates of change that would otherwise be confounded. Further, short- and long-term RTI differentially predicted cognitive status at Years 4 and 8; failing to benefit from retest effects on the BRT task was associated with increased likelihood of cognitive impairment. This innovative approach to parameterizing retest effects can reduce systematic bias in estimates of long-term developmental change, as well as highlight the utility of retest effects as predictors of cognitive health.
WORKING AROUND THE CLOCK: THE EFFECT OF SHIFT WORK AND SLEEP ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
Authors: Frazier Cleothia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Shift work is increasingly prevalent in a 24-hour society where there is increased demand for round the clock service. However, shift work can disrupt circadian rhythms, which can negatively impact sleep. In turn, diminished sleep is associated with poor mental health. To expand prior research that reveal the independent effects of shift work and sleep on mental health, this study focuses on the interconnection between shift work, sleep, and depressive symptoms. Guided by the Stress Process Model (SPM), I examine the association between shift work and depressive symptoms and investigate whether sleep duration, sleep quality (insomnia symptoms), and sleep latency (the time it takes to fall asleep) mediate this relationship. Data was drawn from the age 50 health module of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort. The sample consisted of noninstitutionalized adults aged 51-60 (N=5,386). Findings show that shift workers had increased odds of short sleep, insomnia symptoms, and increased sleep latency compared to non-shift workers. Moreover, shift work was associated with increased depressive symptoms. However, part of the effect of shift work on depressive symptoms was indirect, operating through sleep. Specifically, short sleep during the week and on the weekend as well as insomnia symptoms mediated the relationship between shift work and depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that while engaging in shift work can negatively affect mental health, improving sleep duration and sleep quality can be effective in reducing the harmful effects of engaging in shift work during late midlife.
CAREGIVER OUTCOMES RELATED TO SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: McPhillips Miranda , Petrovsky Darina , Sefcik Justine , Li Junxin , Brewster Glenna , Gooneratne Nalaka , Aryal Subhash , Hodgson Nancy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sleep disturbances in people living with cognitive impairment (CI) may impose a great burden on caregivers. We examined the relationship between objective and subjective sleep measures in people living with CI and caregiver depression and mastery via a secondary analysis of The Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial (NCT03682185) baseline data (n=170). Objective sleep variables included total sleep time and sleep efficiency derived from 3 nights of actigraphy. Subjective sleep measures included PROMIS Sleep Related Impairment, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Caregiver measures included Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Caregiver Mastery Scale. People living with CI were female (67%), Black (80%), with mean age 73.4 ± 8.7. Caregivers were female (81%), family caregivers (80%) with mean age 56.5 ± 14.7. We used multiple regression analysis, adjusting for cognition, and examined if there were differences by caregiver gender. Poorer subjective sleep quality was significantly associated with more caregiver depression (B=0.407, SE= 0.198, p = 0.042). There were no significant sleep predictors for caregiver mastery; however, there was a moderating effect of gender on the association between subjective sleep quality and caregiver mastery. Female caregivers had increased caregiver mastery compared to males when the person living with CI had better sleep quality (B=0.555, SE= 0.218, p = 0.012). This study found that people living with CI sleep characteristics differentially influence caregiver outcomes. Sleep should be assessed using a combination of objective and subjective sleep measures in people living with CI to inform providers when interventions are needed.
GOLDILOCKS AT WORK: JUST THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF JOB DEMANDS MAY BE NEEDED FOR YOUR SLEEP HEALTH
Authors: Nelson Monica , Lee Soomi , Allen Tammy , Buxton Orfeu , Almeida David , Andel Ross 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
It has been reported that job demands affect sleep, but how different levels of job demands affect sleep remains unclear. We examined whether curvilinear relationships exist between job demands and multiple sleep health outcomes. Design: Cross-sectional analyses with linear and quadratic effects, using self-administered survey data. Setting: A national sample of U.S. adults. Participants: Workers from Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS2; n=2,927). Measurements: The Job Content Questionnaire assessed overall and five specific aspects of job demands (intensity, role conflict, work overload, time pressure, and interruptions). Habitual sleep health patterns across five dimensions (regularity, satisfaction/quality, daytime alertness, efficiency, and duration) were assessed. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital/partnered status, education, job tenure, work hours, body mass index, smoking status, and study sample were covariates.

Results
There were significant linear and quadratic relationships between job demands and sleep outcomes. Specifically, the linear effects indicated that higher job demands were associated with degraded sleep health, such as shorter duration, greater irregularity, greater inefficiency, and more dissatisfaction. The quadratic effects, however, indicated that the rate of degrade was decelerated in terms of sleep regularity and efficiency, such that these sleep outcomes were best with moderate levels of job demands. These effects were found for overall job demands as well as specific aspects of job demands. Stratified analyses further revealed that these curvilinear associations were mainly driven by participants with low job control.

Conclusions
Moderate levels of job demands, especially if combined with adequate job control, are related to better sleep health.
HOSPITALIZATION AT HOME MAY ADDRESS SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: RESULTS FROM A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Schiller Gabrielle , Wurtz Heather , Masse Sybil , Baim-Lance Abigail , Federman Alex , Franzosa Emily , Gorbenko Ksenia , DeCherrie Linda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This project evaluated implementation of the Acute Hospital Care at Home (AHCaH) waiver from the U.S. Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), launched in November 2020 to ensure availability of acute care as COVID-19 cases overwhelmed hospitals. We interviewed 18 HaH program leaders of 14 programs, from both existing and newly launched HaH programs, about their experiences applying for and implementing HaH under the CMS waiver. A thematic analysis of the interviews was completed. Informants described HaH programs as an opportunity for healthcare professionals to have “eyes in the home,” referring to ways in which the HaH team was able to observe and intervene in aspects of the patient’s life not accessible from traditional in-patient care. Informants described various ways that HaH programs addressed Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) including assessing patients’ ability to obtain healthy foods, reducing potential safety hazards in the home, and providing education and support to patients’ caregivers. Informants also suggested that HaH may reduce anxiety associated with hospital stay and separation from loved ones, helping people already contending with social inequities. Addressing SDoH is important for ensuring quality care and long-term positive changes in the patient’s lifestyle and environment. As CMS shifts their aims to further address the SDoH, our findings suggest that the interdisciplinary care approach of HaH programs may be a model of addressing both social and medical needs.
HOME AWAY FROM HOME: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN CAPITAL PREDICTORS OF NURSING HOME USAGE
Authors: Ryan Cayley , Luo Liying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The U.S. is experiencing a demographic shift characterized by a significant segment of the population entering older age groups and beginning to require specialized eldercare, however little is known about the influence of demographic characteristics on individuals’ involvement with long-term care institutions. I use data from the Health and Retirement Study and logistic regression models to examine how the identities and resources people bring to the later stages of their lives influence their use of nursing homes. I find that individuals’ levels of human capital – measured through their educational attainment – have the strongest influence on their use of nursing homes, with individuals with college degrees having significant increases in the odds of ​reporting any nursing home stay and in the expected count of nursing home stays. I posit multiple pathways by which education could increase the likelihood of using institutionalized care, including through the social mobility of other family members as well as the ability to navigate healthcare resources and evaluate eldercare options. This detailed examination of the intersection between older ages, individual characteristics, the accumulation of different kinds of capital over the life course, and the involvement with formal care facilities provides valuable insight into the relationship between individuals and institutions across older ages and can inform policies attempting to prepare the landscape of formal care institutions for the influx of possible consumers.