bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis of cellulose in Fe‐[Bmim]OTf catalyst for selective production of 4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one
Authors: Wu Huanhuan , Xie Ruosong , Qu Guangfei , Li Xiaofen , Ning Ping , Zeng Yinda , Yan Zhoupeng , Chen Yiting 
Published: June 2023

Abstract4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one is a valuable ketone compound, which is an important (±)‐cuparene and filicinic acid intermediate, but the synthetic method of 4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one is rarely mentioned in the marketplace. This article, a new method is proposed for the preparation of 4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one in high yield by selective catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose with FeCl3‐doped [Bmim]OTf magnetic ionic liquids. By studying the effect of temperature on the yield of pyrolysis products in [Bmim]OTf, the results showed that the optimal pyrolysis temperature of cellulose in [Bmim]OTf was 330°C and the maximum relative content of 4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one was 86.81%. In addition, different FeCl3/[Bmim]OTf mass ratios were found at 330°C. The relative yield of the target product reached a maximum (91.31%) when iron ions with excellent catalytic activity were introduced, at which the FeCl3/[Bmim]OTf mass ratio was 10%. At last, based on the basic model of cellulose monomer, the evolution pathway of ketones products was proposed, which provides ideas for the production of sustainable chemical products from cellulose.
Mental health analysis for college students based on pattern recognition and reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhi Pengrui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMental health education for college students is an important part of ideological and political work in colleges and universities, which is related to the physical and mental health and long‐term development of college students. In particular, the nature of the work of counselors endows them with unique advantages in psychological education. Based on the insufficiency of unimodal data features, we propose a method for analyzing the mental health of college students based on multimodal social‐affective classification. At the same time, we design a multimodal data fusion model, which takes text data as the main body and uses text and images to jointly classify the main body's emotion. First, we use the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) pre‐training model to extract text features and obtain corresponding text vectors. Second, we utilize the Visual Geometry Group (VGG16) model trained on the ImageNet dataset as a pre‐training model to obtain image features. Third, we combine the modality features extracted by the two models to complete the final mental health classification task. Experimental results show that our proposed multimodal feature fusion model exhibits good performance on both constructed and public datasets.
Intrinsic metrics in polygonal domains
Authors: Dautova Dina , Kargar Rahim , Nasyrov Semen , Vuorinen Matti 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study inequalities between the hyperbolic metric and intrinsic metrics in convex polygonal domains in the complex plane. A special attention is paid to the triangular ratio metric in rectangles. A local study leads to investigation of the relationship between the conformal radius at an arbitrary point of a planar domain and the distance of the point to the boundary.
Data‐efficient Bayesian learning for radial dynamic MR reconstruction
Authors: Brahma Sherine , Kolbitsch Christoph , Martin Joerg , Schaeffter Tobias , Kofler Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac MRI has become the gold‐standard imaging technique for assessing cardiovascular morphology and function. In spite of this, its slow data acquisition process presents imaging challenges due to the motion from heartbeats, respiration, and blood flow. In recent studies, deep learning (DL) algorithms have shown promising results for the task of image reconstruction. However, there have been instances where they have introduced artifacts that may be misinterpreted as pathologies or may obscure the detection of pathologies. Therefore, it is important to obtain a metric, such as the uncertainty of the network output, that identifies such artifacts. However, this can be quite challenging for large‐scale image reconstruction problems such as dynamic multi‐coil non‐Cartesian MRI.PurposeTo efficiently quantify uncertainties of a physics‐informed DL‐based image reconstruction method for a large‐scale accelerated 2D multi‐coil dynamic radial MRI reconstruction problem, and demonstrate the benefits of physics‐informed DL over model‐agnostic DL in reducing uncertainties while at the same time improving image quality.MethodsWe extended a recently proposed physics‐informed 2D U‐Net that learns spatio‐temporal slices (named XT‐YT U‐Net), and employed it for the task of uncertainty quantification (UQ) by using Monte Carlo dropout and a Gaussian negative log‐likelihood loss function. Our data comprised 2D dynamic MR images acquired with a radial balanced steady‐state free precession sequence. The XT‐YT U‐Net, which allows for training with a limited amount of data, was trained and validated on a dataset of 15 healthy volunteers, and further tested on data from four patients. An extensive comparison between physics‐informed and model‐agnostic neural networks (NNs) concerning the obtained image quality and uncertainty estimates was performed. Further, we employed calibration plots to assess the quality of the UQ.ResultsThe inclusion of the MR‐physics model of data acquisition as a building block in the NN architecture led to higher image quality (NRMSE: , PSNR: , and SSIM: ), lower uncertainties (), and, based on the calibration plots, an improved UQ compared to its model‐agnostic counterpart. Furthermore, the UQ information can be used to differentiate between anatomical structures (e.g., coronary arteries, ventricle boundaries) and artifacts.ConclusionsUsing an XT‐YT U‐Net, we were able to quantify uncertainties of a physics‐informed NN for a high‐dimensional and computationally demanding 2D multi‐coil dynamic MR imaging problem. In addition to improving the image quality, embedding the acquisition model in the network architecture decreased the reconstruction uncertainties as well as quantitatively improved the UQ. The UQ provides additional information to assess the performance of different network approaches.
Coaching in nursing: An integrative literature review
Authors: Richardson Corianne , Wicking Kristin , Biedermann Narelle , Langtree Tanya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo understand the current application and benefits of coaching practice in nursing and identify potential areas for future research.DesignAn integrative literature review was conducted using Whittemore and Knalf integrative review methods.Data sourcesA search of the literature from Medline (PubMed) and CINHAL platform for abstracts and/or full‐text articles from 2012 to 2022.MethodsA systematic approach was used to screen and analyse the literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a quality appraisal of the literature was undertaken and summarised into themes. Eighteen articles were selected, two articles were different aspects of the same studies. Coaching was found to have benefits to the individual related to performance, role effectiveness, role transitions and confidence in performing in the role. The outcomes for individuals add to the overall organisational benefits with performance, support, teamwork, communication and culture.ResultsThis literature review sought to understand the current use of coaching in nursing and identify any gaps in the application of coaching within the discipline. Supporting, developing staff knowledge and skills and nurturing nursing staff into the profession has occurred in several ways and evolved to include coaching. Coaching provides capabilities to enhance nursing leadership, performance improvement and to provide support to staff. The findings from this literature review found a need to conceptually define coaching in nursing and the opportunity to explore the use of coaching to support both the clinical and managerial workforce (job satisfaction, intention to stay and building resilience). The benefits of coaching in nursing extend beyond the leadership level and there is opportunity to extend the operationalisation of coaching practice and coaching training within the discipline of nursing. This integrative review explains how coaching has been utilised in nursing to be a valuable tool in developing nurse leaders and clinical staff.
The effect of weight loss on whole‐body and tissue‐specific insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid content and composition: SWEET substudy
Authors: Pang Michelle D. , Bastings Jacco J. A. J. , Op den Kamp‐Bruls Yvonne M. H. , Harrold Joanne A. , Kjølbæk Louise , Halford Jason C. G. , Adam Tanja C. M. , Raben Anne , Schrauwen‐Hinderling Vera B. , Goossens Gijs H. , Blaak Ellen E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study (1) investigated the effect of weight loss on whole‐body and tissue‐specific insulin sensitivity and on intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content and composition and (2) investigated the association between weight‐loss‐induced changes in insulin sensitivity and IHL content in individuals with overweight or obesity.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of the European SWEET project, 50 adults (age 18–65 years) with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) followed a low‐energy diet (LED) for 2 months. At baseline and after the LED, body composition (dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry), IHL content and composition (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy), whole‐body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI), and hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) were determined (7‐point oral glucose tolerance test).ResultsThe LED reduced body weight (p < 0.001). This was accompanied by increased Matsuda index and reduced HIRI (both p < 0.001) but no change in MISI (p = 0.260). Weight loss decreased IHL content (mean [SEM], 3.9% [0.7%] vs. 1.6% [0.5%], p < 0.001) and the hepatic saturated fatty acid fraction (41.0% [1.5%] vs. 36.6% [1.9%], p = 0.039). The reduced IHL content was associated with an improvement in HIRI (r = 0.402, p = 0.025).ConclusionsWeight loss decreased IHL content and the hepatic saturated fatty acid fraction. The decrease in IHL content was associated with weight‐loss‐induced improvement in hepatic insulin sensitivity in individuals with overweight or obesity.
A Droplet Method for Synthesis of Multiclass Ultrathin Metal Halides
Authors: Tang Jin , Ge Feixiang , Chen Jinlian , Zhou Dawei , Zhan Guixiang , Liu Jing , Yuan Jiaxiao , Shi Xinyu , Zhao Peiyi , Fan Xinlin , Su Yu , Liu Zicong , He Jiahao , Tang Jiaqi , Zha Chenyang , Zhang Linghai , Song Xuefen , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract2D metal halides have attracted increasing research attention in recent years; however, it is still challenging to synthesize them via liquid‐phase methods. Here it is demonstrated that a droplet method is simple and efficient for the synthesis of multiclass 2D metal halides, including trivalent (BiI3, SbI3), divalent (SnI2, GeI2), and monovalent (CuI) ones. In particular, 2D SbI3 is first experimentally achieved, of which the thinnest thickness is ≈6 nm. The nucleation and growth of these metal halide nanosheets are mainly determined by the supersaturation of precursor solutions that are dynamically varying during the solution evaporation. After solution drying, the nanosheets can fall on the surface of many different substrates, which further enables the feasible fabrication of related heterostructures and devices. With SbI3/WSe2 being a good demonstration, the photoluminescence intensity and photo responsivity of WSe2 is obviously enhanced after interfacing with SbI3. The work opens a new pathway for 2D metal halides toward widespread investigation and applications.
The origins of Coclass Theory
Authors: Dietrich Heiko , Eick Bettina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 1980, Leedham-Green and Newman introduced the invariant coclass to the theory of groups of prime-power order and they proposed five far-reaching conjectures related to it. Their work has initiated a deep and fruitful research project in group theory that is still ongoing today. We outline the main results of this celebrated article, we describe the history leading to it, and we survey some highlights of work inspired by these results.
Exponential sums equations and tropical geometry
Authors: Gallinaro Francesco Paolo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZilber’s Exponential-Algebraic Closedness Conjecture states that algebraic varieties in $${{\mathbb {C}}}^n \times ({{\mathbb {C}}}^\times )^n$$

C

n

×

(

C

×

)

n

intersect the graph of complex exponentiation, unless that contradicts the algebraic and transcendence properties of $${\textrm{exp}}$$
exp
. We establish a case of the conjecture, showing that it holds for varieties which split as the product of a linear subspace of the additive group and an algebraic subvariety of the multiplicative group. This amounts to solving certain systems of exponential sums equations, and it generalizes old results of Zilber, which required the linear subspace to either be defined over a generic subfield of the real numbers, or it to be any subspace defined over the reals assuming unproved conjectures from Diophantine geometry and transcendence theory. The proofs use the theory of amoebas and tropical geometry.
Rigorous analysis of the interaction problem of sea ice with a rigid body
Authors: Binz Tim , Brandt Felix , Hieber Matthias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConsider the set of equations modeling the motion of a rigid body enclosed in sea ice. Using Hibler’s viscous-plastic model for describing sea ice, it is shown by a certain decoupling approach that this system admits a unique, local strong solution within the $$\textrm{L}^p$$

L
p

-setting.
Photoprotection Against UV-Induced Skin Damage Using Hyaluronic Acid Produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Enterococcus durans
Authors: Shaheen Amany E. , Gebreel Hassan M. , Moussa Loutfy A. , Zakaria Abeer E. , Nemr Waleed A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the major factors that causes skin aging, erythema, sunburns, and skin cancer. This study aimed to select probiotic bacterial isolates able to produce high yield of hyaluronic acid (HA) to be employed for skin photoprotection and other possible biological applications. The selected isolates K11 and St3 were able to produce the highest yields of HA 4.8 and 4.4 mg/ml, respectively. Both isolates were identified as Enterococcus durans strain K11 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain St3 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antioxidant activity of HA produced by E. durans strain K11 and L. plantarum strain St3 was (65.4 0.2%) and (66.6 0.1%), respectively. The viability of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes pre-treated with HA produced by E. durans strain K11 and L. plantarum strain St3 was 91.3 and 91.4%, respectively, compared with the control. While the viability of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes post-treated with HA produced by E. durans strain K11 and L. plantarum strain St3 was 86 and 88.5%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first recordation of HA production by Enterococcus durans and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum which revealed a significant radioprotection of the human keratinocytes against UVB radiation.
A large multiclass dataset of CT scans for COVID-19 identification
Authors: Soares Eduardo , Angelov Plamen , Biaso Sarah , Cury Marcelo , Abe Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe infection by SARS-CoV-2 which causes the COVID-19 disease has spread widely over the whole world since the beginning of 2020. Following the epidemic which started in Wuhan, China on January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency and a pandemic. In this paper, we describe a publicly available multiclass CT scan dataset for SARS-CoV-2 infection identification. Which currently contains 4173 CT-scans of 210 different patients, out of which 2168 correspond to 80 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and confirmed by RT-PCR. These data have been collected in the Public Hospital of the Government Employees of Sao Paulo and the Metropolitan Hospital of Lapa, both in Sao Paulo – Brazil. The aim of this data set is to encourage the research and development of artificial intelligent methods that are able to identify SARS-CoV-2 or other diseases through the analysis of CT scans. As a baseline result for this data set, we used the recently introduced eXplainable Deep Learning approach (xDNN), which is a transparent deep learning approach that allows users to inspect the decisions of the network.
Quartic and Quintic Hypersurfaces with Dense Rational Points
Authors: Massarenti Alex 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Let

$X_4\subset \mathbb {P}^{n+1}$

be a quartic hypersurface of dimension

$n\geq 4$

over an infinite field k. We show that if either

$X_4$

contains a linear subspace

$\Lambda $

of dimension

$h\geq \max \{2,\dim (\Lambda \cap \operatorname {\mathrm {Sing}}(X_4))+2\}$

or has double points along a linear subspace of dimension

$h\geq 3$

, a smooth k-rational point and is otherwise general, then

$X_4$

is unirational over k. This improves previous results by A. Predonzan and J. Harris, B. Mazur and R. Pandharipande for quartics. We also provide a density result for the k-rational points of quartic

$3$

-folds with a double plane over a number field, and several unirationality results for quintic hypersurfaces over a

$C_r$

field.
Justainability
Authors: Takala Tuija , Häyry Matti 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sustainability, properly understood, is an existential moral ideal. The United Nations, however, defines it in terms of 17 indivisible sustainable development goals. This definition changes the core idea of the concept. It turns sustainability from a moral ideal into a set of economy-based political aspirations. The European Union’s bioeconomy strategy demonstrates the shift aptly and reveals its main problem. When economy is prioritized, social and ecological concerns become secondary. This has been the United Nations line since the Brundtland Commission’s report, Our Common Future in 1987. Considerations of justice illustrate the inadequacy of the approach. Equality and justice require that all those affected by decisions are heard in making them. Under the current operationalization, decisions related to the natural environment and climate change are currently being made without hearing voices that advocate deeper social and ecological equality. After an explication of the problem and the state of the art as outlined above, a new notion of justainability is introduced and it is argued that assuming it would be a step in the right direction in taking also noneconomic values properly into account in international decision making.
Changes in Seasonality of Saltwater Inflows Caused Exceptional Warming Trends in the Western Baltic Sea
Authors: Barghorn L. , Meier H. E. M. , Radtke H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the last decades, the Baltic Sea has been among the fastest warming seas in the world. The warming is mainly driven by increasing air temperatures but deeper water layers can also be warmed by lateral advection of heat. By analyzing a 159 years long (1850–2008) hindcast simulation of the Baltic Sea, we link the exceptionally strong bottom water warming in the western Baltic Sea to a shift in the seasonality of saltwater inflows from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. Over the model period, warm summer and early autumn inflows have increased while cold winter inflows have decreased. Sensitivity experiments reveal that these changes were partly driven by a shift in river runoff seasonality. The strong warming could lead to faster oxygen depletion in the affected layers and thus have ecological consequences.
Genomic screening of 16 UK native bat species through conservationist networks uncovers coronaviruses with zoonotic potential
Authors: Tan Cedric C. S. , Trew Jahcub , Peacock Thomas P. , Mok Kai Yi , Hart Charlie , Lau Kelvin , Ni Dongchun , Orme C. David L. , Ransome Emma , Pearse William D. , Coleman Christopher M. , Bailey Dalan , Thakur Nazia , Quantrill Jessica L. , Sukhova Ksenia , Richard Damien , Kahane Laura , Woodward Guy , Bell Thomas , Worledge Lisa , Nunez-Mino Joe , Barclay Wendy , van Dorp Lucy , Balloux Francois , Savolainen Vincent 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere has been limited characterisation of bat-borne coronaviruses in Europe. Here, we screened for coronaviruses in 48 faecal samples from 16 of the 17 bat species breeding in the UK, collected through a bat rehabilitation and conservationist network. We recovered nine complete genomes, including two novel coronavirus species, across six bat species: four alphacoronaviruses, a MERS-related betacoronavirus, and four closely related sarbecoviruses. We demonstrate that at least one of these sarbecoviruses can bind and use the human ACE2 receptor for infecting human cells, albeit suboptimally. Additionally, the spike proteins of these sarbecoviruses possess an R-A-K-Q motif, which lies only one nucleotide mutation away from a furin cleavage site (FCS) that enhances infectivity in other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. However, mutating this motif to an FCS does not enable spike cleavage. Overall, while UK sarbecoviruses would require further molecular adaptations to infect humans, their zoonotic risk warrants closer surveillance.
In vivo inhibition of nuclear ACE2 translocation protects against SARS-CoV-2 replication and lung damage through epigenetic imprinting
Authors: Tu Wen Juan , Melino Michelle , Dunn Jenny , McCuaig Robert D. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Tsimbalyuk Sofiya , Forwood Jade K. , Ahuja Taniya , Vandermeide John , Tan Xiao , Tran Minh , Nguyen Quan , Zhang Liang , Nam Andy , Pan Liuliu , Liang Yan , Smith Corey , Lineburg Katie , Nguyen Tam H. , Sng Julian D. J. , Tong Zhen Wei Marcus , Chew Keng Yih , Short Kirsty R. , Le Grand Roger , Seddiki Nabila , Rao Sudha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn vitro, ACE2 translocates to the nucleus to induce SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, using digital spatial profiling of lung tissues from SARS-CoV-2-infected golden Syrian hamsters, we show that a specific and selective peptide inhibitor of nuclear ACE2 (NACE2i) inhibits viral replication two days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the peptide also prevents inflammation and macrophage infiltration, and increases NK cell infiltration in bronchioles. NACE2i treatment increases the levels of the active histone mark, H3K27ac, restores host translation in infected hamster bronchiolar cells, and leads to an enrichment in methylated ACE2 in hamster bronchioles and lung macrophages, a signature associated with virus protection. In addition, ACE2 methylation is increased in myeloid cells from vaccinated patients and associated with reduced SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression in monocytes from individuals who have recovered from infection. This protective epigenetic scarring of ACE2 is associated with a reduced latent viral reservoir in monocytes/macrophages and enhanced immune protection against SARS-CoV-2. Nuclear ACE2 may represent a therapeutic target independent of the variant and strain of viruses that use the ACE2 receptor for host cell entry.