bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meet the Parents: The Progenitor Binary for the Supermassive Black Hole Candidate in E1821+643
Authors: Paynter James , Thrane Eric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The remnants of binary black hole mergers can be given recoil kick velocities up to 5000 km s−1 due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves. E1821+643 is a recoiling supermassive black hole candidate with spectroscopically offset, broad emission lines, consistent with motion of the black hole at ∼2100 km s−1 along the line of sight relative to its host galaxy. This suggests a recoil kick of ∼2200 km s−1. Such a kick is powerful enough to eject E1821+643 from its M
gal ∼ 2 × 1012
M
⊙ host galaxy. In this work, we address the question: assuming that E1821+643 is a recoiling black hole, what are the likely properties of the progenitor binary that formed E1821+643? Using astrophysically motivated priors, we infer that E1821+643 was likely formed from a binary black hole system with masses of

m

1

∼

1.9

−
0.4

+
0.5

×

10

9

M

⊙

,

m
2

∼

8.1

−
3.2

+
3.9

×

10
8

M
⊙

(90% credible intervals). Given our model, the black holes in this binary were likely to be spinning rapidly with dimensionless spin magnitudes of

χ

1

=

0.87

−
0.26

+
0.11

,

χ

2

=

0.77

−
0.37

+
0.19

. Such a high recoil velocity is impossible for spins aligned to the orbital angular momentum axis. This suggests that the progenitor for E1821+643 merged in hot gas, which is thought to provide an environment where spin alignment from accretion proceeds slowly relative to the merger timescale. We infer that E1821+643, if it is a recoiling black hole, is likely to be a rapidly rotating black hole with a dimensionless spin of χ = 0.92 ± 0.04. A 2.6 × 109
M
⊙ black hole, recoiling from a gas-rich environment at v ∼ 2200 km s−1, is likely to persist as an active galactic nucleus for ∼107 yr, in which time it traverses ∼25 kpc.
Resolved Binaries with Late-M and L Dwarf Companions Identified in Gaia eDR3
Authors: Zhou Tianxing , Jacobsen Delilah , Vazquez-Segovia Brigette , Hsu Chih-Chun , Theissen Christopher A. , Burgasser Adam J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a curated sample of 6688 resolved binaries containing M and L dwarf companions within 400 pc of the Sun, including 121 systems within 100 pc. These sources were selected from the Gaia EDR3 compilation of El-Badry et al., and further vetted using photometric and astrometric data from SDSS, Pan-STARRS, 2MASS, UKIDSS, and WISE, as well as visual examination of imaged fields. Only 13% of these systems were reported as co-moving pairs prior to Gaia, and only 4% of the primaries and 1% of the secondaries have published spectral classifications, including just 9 of 109 late-M and L dwarf secondaries within 100 pc. Follow-up of this expanded low-mass companion sample will provide valuable benchmark systems for precisely calibrating empirical diagnostics of the physical properties of the lowest-mass stars and brown dwarfs.
Mammal use of underpasses to cross Route 606 in Guacimal, Costa Rica
Authors: Terner Eleanor R. 
Published: March 2023

Roads severely affect the health of ecosystems across the globe by fragmenting habitats, reducing population connectivity, and increasing animal mortality. Wildlife underpasses allow for increased road permeability&ndash;the ability for animals to safely cross the road. Despite growing success in other regions, underpass usage in Central America is critically under-researched. In this study, I monitored two dry circular culverts and two unfenced tunnels on Route 606 in Guacimal, Costa Rica, from 22 November to 6 December 2021 using 14 camera traps to assess which species used them to cross. Twelve species used the culverts and tunnels for a total of 108 individual crossings. The tunnels were used, in descending order, by agouti (Dasyprocta punctata), opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), dog (Canis familiaris), armadillo (Dasyous novemcinctus), cat (Felis catus), Norway rat (Dasypus novemcinctus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides), tamandua (Tamandua mexicana), and coati (Nasua narica). The circular tunnel, Tunnel 1, was used more frequently and by a greater diversity of species than observed in the square tunnel, Tunnel 2. The two smaller culverts were used by opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), cat (Felis catus), rat opossum (Micoureus alstoni), and Watson&rsquo;s climbing rat (Tylomus watsoni). Culvert 2 was used more frequently; however, Culvert 1 was used by a greater diversity of species. Species such as coyote (Canis latrans) and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) were captured in the surrounding fragments but not using any underpass. This study highlights wildlife underpasses as a critical strategy for biological conservation in Costa Rica though improved road safety and habitat connectivity.
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Le sens clinique des stéréotypies dans l’autisme
Authors: Moisan-Ehrwein Anne-Lise , Jean-Dit-Pannel Romuald 
Published: March 2023

Les comportements stéréotypés des personnes atteintes de troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) questionnent et sont souvent considérés comme entravant tout travail éducatif et thérapeutique. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une réflexion sur les différent(s) sens clinique(s) que peuvent prendre les stéréotypies afin de penser la prise en charge globale du sujet autiste et plus spécifiquement son accompagnement psychothérapeutique. Les stéréotypies, comportements répétitifs à caractère restreint (nous pourrions parler de « détournement sensoriel »), excluant l’autre, peuvent porter sur le langage, sur un ou plusieurs objets, avec des manifestations motrices répétitives (provoquer inlassablement le bruit d ’un objet, faire tourner la roue d’une petite voiture sans cesse, tourner autour d’une table, auto-agressions, etc.). Après avoir proposé différents liens ordinaires inhérents à la clinique du bébé et aux théorisations psychanalytiques, nous présenterons deux observations cliniques dans des contextes de TSA.
Monitoraggio e miglioramento della qualità del sonno in terapia intensiva: una revisione della letteratura
Authors: Piombini Alice , Imbrìaco Guglielmo 
Published: March 2023

La maggioranza dei pazienti ricoverati in terapia intensiva riferisce una riduzione della qualità del sonno durante il periodo di degenza. La carenza di sonno comporta gravi ripercussioni sull'outcome clinico della persona, ritardando i tempi di dimissione e aumentando il rischio di complicanze. Nonostante la problematica sia ampiamente diffusa nei reparti di area critica, la consapevolezza al riguardo è ancora minima.
Gene Enrichment Analysis and Protein–Protein Interaction Network Topology Delineates S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 1 and Catenin Beta-1 as Potential Signature Genes Linked to Glioblastoma Prognosis
Authors: Ashwini K , Gollapalli Pavan , Shetty Shilpa S , Raghotham Ananthan , Shetty Praveenkumar , Shetty Jayaprakash , Kumari NS 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and accounts for 60% of brain tumors in adults. Current therapy for GBM involves surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiotherapy with concomitant adjuvant therapy temozolomide. Despite improvements in therapy, patient survival remains low. The exact etiology of a brain tumor is uncertain, and numerous unknown genes are involved in the progression of GBM. The aim of the present study was to evaluate various genes involved in GBM through bioinformatic approach.

Methods:
In the present study, gene expression profile of GSE68424 was retrieved from the GEO database to explore the genes in GBM.

Results:
Analysis of expression profile data revealed that 33 genes were upregulated and 1189 genes were downregulated based on the log2 fold change cut-off criteria. The genes S-Phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) and Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1) have been linked to GBM prognosis.

Conclusion:
SKP1 and CTNNB1 were identified as a candidate gene for GBM study as a result of these findings. Catenin beta-1 was the protein with the highest closeness centrality value and is the key component of canonical Wnt signaling downstream pathway. More study is needed to establish the molecular function of SKP1 and CTNNB1 in GBM development, as well as the biomarker's specificity and sensitivity.
Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Astrazeneca and Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccines Among Medical Students in Oman
Authors: Sannathimmappa Mohan Bilikallahalli , Nambiar Vinod , Aravindakshan Rajeev , Baig Muqeet Fauzan , Hassan Ahmed Kifah , Al-Balushi Maryam Saud Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 became necessary to control the menace of COVID-19. However, the safety of COVID-19 vaccines must be monitored continuously. The present study aims at comparing the effectiveness and adverse effects of Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines among the cohort of medical students.

Methods:
It was a single-cohort comparative study, and the data were collected using an online survey from participants who took at least two doses of AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccines. The data included demography, breakthrough infections, and adverse effects following vaccination. Bivariate and logistic regression models were used to find associations between effectiveness and independent variables. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.

Results:
In total, 115 students who had received Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccines were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.52. Female (n = 90) participants were more compared to males (n = 25). The majority of them received Pfizer vaccine (95), while AstraZeneca was received by only 20 participants. Overall effectiveness of both AstraZeneca and Pfizer was nearly 85%, while almost 100% protection was observed among those who were vaccinated after contracting the disease. Logistic regression revealed an independent effect of COVID-19 before any vaccination dose offered 66% protection against any subsequent breakthroughs (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.095–2.08). At least one adverse effect was reported by 96 (83.5%) participants (95% CI: 75.4%–89.75%). Pain at the site of injection, fever, generalized weakness, and headache were the most common adverse effects. Fever (P < 0.001), body ache (P < 0.001), generalized weakness (P = 0.002), and joint pain (P = 0.014) were significantly more common in AstraZeneca as compared to Pfizer.

Conclusion:
Coronavirus vaccines were well tolerated, safe, and induced protection in most participants. Most postvaccine adverse events were mild to moderate, mainly due to induction of immune response by the body for protection. Furthermore, these mild to moderate adverse effects should not be hindrance to vaccination.
Transrenal DNA Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Taeyoon , Kim Jehun , Kim Taeyun , Oak Chul-Ho , Ryoo Sungweon 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Multiple attempts have been made to use biological samples other than sputum to diagnose tuberculosis (TB). Sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB) microscopy is the fastest, most straightforward, and most inexpensive method for diagnosing pulmonary TB. However, urine can be used in place of sputum owing to its various advantages, such as a noninvasive method of collection, convenient handling and storage, and minimal risk of infection in health-care workers involved in sample collection. In this study, we aimed to assess the suitability of urine as a sample to obtain transrenal DNA (trDNA) to diagnose TB. This study involved several patients with TB undergoing inpatient treatment, whose AFB microscopy showed negative inversion.

Methods:
Here, 51 urine samples were collected from 40 patients with TB and examined to confirm the presence of trDNA. First, we compared the efficiency of two tr DNA extraction methods: An automated magnetic bead-based method and a more efficient anchoring extraction method. Statistical analyses were performed using Excel software (Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2019).

Results:
Although molecular diagnosis using GeneXpert yielded negative results, a peculiarity was observed. There was no significant difference between GeneXpert findings and our results nor was there any difference in the sequential trDNA samples obtained. However, even when GeneXpert results were negative, trDNA was detected in seven out of ten samples using the anchor extraction method.

Conclusions:
Further studies are needed to establish biomarkers for the progression of TB treatment.
Nutritional Status and Patterns of Anemia in Sudanese Adult Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elfaky Iman Osman , Merghani Tarig H. , Elmubarak Izzeldin A. , Ahmed Alaeldin H. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Malnutrition increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and causes reactivation of latent pulmonary TB. On the other hand, TB is a recognized cause of malnutrition. Evaluation of the nutritional status and anemia of tuberculous patients with active disease is an important step toward TB management. The objectives of the study were to determine the nutritional status and patterns of anemia in adult patients with active pulmonary TB.

Methods:
A cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed on newly diagnosed patients with sputum-positive pulmonary TB. The nutritional status, total percentage of body fat (BF%), anemia, and general health of each patient were assessed with measurements of the body mass index (BMI), skin fold thickness, complete blood counts, and biochemical tests.

Results:
Patients’ ages ranged from 16- to 74-year old, with the majority between 20- and 40-year old. Male: female ratio was 2:1. The majority of males and females (91.2% and 84.5%, respectively) had low BF%. Underweight (BMI < 18.5) was 62%, whereas overweight (BMI ≥25.0) was 4%. BMI showed a significant decline with chronicity of the illness (P < 0.001). Eighty participants showed anemia, 90% microcytic hypochromic, and 10% normocytic normochromic. Serum albumin was low in 21%, with no relation to renal disease and insignificant association with proteinuria.

Conclusion:
Patients with active pulmonary TB are likely to have microcytic hypochromic anemia, low BF%, and low BMI, especially with a long duration of the disease.
Trends in Pediatric Tuberculosis Diagnosis Utilizing Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin in a Poor-Resource, High-Burden Region: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Garba Maria Ahuoiza , Ogunbosi Babatunde Oluwatosin , Musa Abdullahi , Ibraheem Rasheedat Mobolaji , Alao Micheal Abel , Jiya-Chitumu Eunice Nnaisa , Olorukooba Abiola Aira , Makarfi Hauwau Umaru , Tahir Yusuf , Ibrahim Hafsat , Saidu Adamu Adamu , Bashir Muhammad Faruk , Odimegwu Chioma Laura , Ayuk Adaeze , Alkali Nura Hamidu 
Published: March 2023

Background:The burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria remains high, and diagnosis in children, a challenge. We aimed to document yield from XpertMycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) as a mode of diagnosis for children and the variables associated with a positive result.Methods:This was a retrospective review of TB treatment cards of children aged 0–15 years managed from January 2017 to December 2021 across six public tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical significance was set atP< 0.05.Results:Of 1489 children commenced on TB treatment, 1463 (97.9%) had sufficient data for analysis the median age of study participants was 60 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 24, 120), and 814 (55.6%) were males. Xpert MTB/RIF test was performed in 862 (59%) participants and MTB was detected in 171 (19.8%) participants, of which 6.4% (11/171) had RIF resistance reported. The use of Xpert MTB/RIF rose from 56.5% in 2017 to 64% in 2020 but fell to 60.9% in 2021. We found that older age (> 10 years), the presence of pulmonary TB (PTB), and a negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status were associated with positive Xpert MTB/RIF tests (P= 0.002, 0.001, and 0.012, respectively).Conclusion:The utilization of Xpert MTB/RIF in children increased in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with MTB detection by Xpert MTB/RIF include older age, the presence of PTB, and a negative HIV status. Clinical and radiological evaluation continues to play vital roles in the diagnosis of childhood TB in Nigeria.
Tuberculosis in Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Sakthivadivel Varatharajan , Gaur Archana , Geetha Jeganathan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common but neglected infectious disease of global significance. It has a varied presentation in the elderly compared to adults. The present study was conceived to study the resemblances and differences shared in terms of clinical profile, comorbidities, and laboratory investigations by TB in adults and the elderly population.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 68 adults and 72 elderly patients of both genders were enrolled. We collected information on demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentations, and laboratory investigations. The comparison of data between groups was done using the unpaired t-test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for frequency distribution analysis.

Results:
The mean age of the adults and elderly population was 42.13 ± 10.7 years and 68.78 ± 7.62 years, respectively. The elderly TB group demonstrated loss of weight, appetite, the prevalence of comorbid conditions (coronary artery disease, hypertension, and malnutrition), bilateral, predominantly lower lobe, and diffuse involvement of lungs.

Conclusion:
As the elderly population increases, nonspecific clinical manifestations or laboratory results in this population mandate awareness of these atypical features for effective management of TB in this group.
Association between Severity of COVID-19, Periodontal Health and Disease in Riyadh Subpopulation
Authors: Koppolu Pradeep , Genady Esraa Mohamed , Albdeirat Lelian Mohammed , Sebai Farah Amer , Alrashdi Dalal Mohamemd , Lingam Amara Swapna , Alsada Fatima Abdulmohsin R. , Al-Khalifa Fatimah Ibrahim , Abdelrahim Rawa Kamal 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Periodontitis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) both exhibit an exaggerated inflammatory response as common traits. Given that periodontal diseases have been linked to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia, it is quite possible that periodontitis and COVID-19 are related. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to ascertain whether the severity of COVID-19 and periodontal disease are related.

Methods:
A retrospective study was done using the 3 years of patients’ medical and dental records in the University Hospital. A telephone interview was employed to estimate the severity of symptoms got through COVID-19 infection. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The Chi-square test, with statistical significance set at 0.05, was used to determine the relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and the severity of COVID-19.

Results:
It was seen that there was a strong relationship between the severities of COVID-19 disease and periodontal disease. The mildest gingivitis cases (63%), Stage 1 periodontitis (62.9%), were associated with the COVID-19-negative group, whereas the most severe gingivitis cases (85.7%), Stage 4 periodontitis group (66.66%), were associated with COVID-19-positive group. In comparison to those without periodontitis, patients with periodontitis had a 1.54 times higher risk of COVID-19 complications (P = 0.048). Patients who had comorbidities were 2.49 times to have COVID-19 complications (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
The observations presented above lead to the conclusion that COVID-19 and periodontal disease severities are related. Understanding the potential association between periodontitis and COVID-19 through systemic inflammation could be a means of achieving a high-quality medical care. To validate the findings, additional research with larger samples is required.
Akta Perdamaian Oleh Notaris Sebagai Mediator Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Di Luar Pengadilan
Authors: Panjaitan Wijaya Natalia 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Deed of Peace by a Notary is one of the authority by the Attributive for Notary. This is one of the notary's active roles to act to resolve disputes outside the court.
Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to find out how the authority of a Notary as an Mediators in Alternative Dispute Resolution to make a dedd of peace and how the legal force of a peace deed as an alternative dispute resolution outside court.
Methods of the Research: This study case uses a normative juridical method by using a statutory and conceptual approach.
Results Originality of the Research: Notary has the authority to make a Deed of Peace and act as Mediator in Alternative dispute resolution outside the court which has the same legal force as a court decision if it is registered with the court so it has executorial power.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOOGLE CLASSROOM TEACHING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE-BASED ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION WRITING SKILL
Authors: SUMARTINI SUMARTINI 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study is to explore whether there are some differences in the students’ analytical exposition writing skills taught by using Google Classroom and conventional technique, to analyze some differences in the student’s analytical exposition writing skills between field-independent cognitive learning and field-dependent of cognitive learning style, and to find out whether there is a relationship between the Google Clasroom technique and the students’ cognitive learning style. The research used a true experimental method by pretest, posttest and questionnaire. There are two classes involved in the research achievement, taught by Google Classroom and by conventional technique. The researcher only took randomnly 74 of 430 students, consisting of 37 students for experimental class who are taught by using Google Classroom and 37 students for controlled class, who are taught by conventional technique. The data analyzed in this research was gathered through test for experimental class, and controlled class. The result gained from the research proved the differences in the students’ analytical exposition writing skills taught by using Google Classroom and conventional technique. It was supported by average of experimental class improving higher 79,56 to 84,78 than the controlled class from 79,94 to 81,08. The significant level of test can be seen from the normality test is 0,357. It shows that the ability of analytical exposition writing skills by using Google Classroom better than conventional technique. The differences in the students’ analytical exposition writing skills between field-independent and field-dependent of cognitive learning style can be seen from the average of the significance score is 0,00. It means the null hypothesis is accepted and there was no significance relationship between class using Google Classroom and cognitive independent field learning style class. Thus, the teaching technique by using Google Classroom is effective in improving on students’ cognitive–based analytical exposition writing skill.